bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition analysis of entrepreneurial activities in Japan: An international comparison
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Uddin Md. Azad , Masaru Ichihashi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurship is critical to economic development because it promotes economic growth. Start-ups require a healthy entrepreneurial ecosystem to succeed, but being the world’s third-largest economy, Japan does not have a satisfactory level of entrepreneurship. The objective of this study was to find the magnitude of the gap in entrepreneurial activities in Japan compared with other similar economies and to find the significant entrepreneurial attitudes for this gap. Therefore, this study used Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data from 2001–2018 and applied the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method. Three outcome variables have been used for measuring the entrepreneurial activities: Entrepreneurship, Investment, and Future Intention of Entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial activity gap has been decomposed in terms of four entrepreneurial attitudes (Network, Opportunity, Confidence, and Fear of Failure) in Japan. The results show that Confidence shares most of the part (50–60%) of the explained portion of the Entrepreneurship gap in Japan compared to other countries. For the investment gap in Japan, Confidence and Network explain most of the gap (about 60–70%), whereas Confidence and Opportunity are the most responsible (85–90%) for the gap in future business intention in Japan. This study is the first attempt to identify the entrepreneurial attitudes behind the entrepreneurial gap in Japan and provides important policy implications to enhance entrepreneurial activities in Japan as well as in other similar economies for sustainable economic development.
Low hemoglobin levels are associated with Bowman’s capsule rupture and peritubular capillaritis in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: a link of vascular injury to anemia?
Authors: Baier Eva , Kluge Ingmar Alexander , Hakroush Samy , Tampe Björn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Anemia in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated renal vasculitis is a severe complication that predicts renal survival. We here conducted correlative analyses to evaluate correlations of low hemoglobin levels and histopathological characteristics in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Methods
Fifty-two patients with biopsy-proven ANCA-associated renal vasculitis observed between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Spearman’s correlation was performed to assess correlations, and statistical evaluation was performed by simple and stepwise multivariable regression.

Results
Regarding laboratory anemia parameters, no significant association with serum hemoglobin levels was observed. Serum hemoglobin levels were associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the total cohort (β = 0.539, p < 0.001), and in the MPO-ANCA subgroup (β = 0.679, p = 0.008). Among tubulointerstitial lesions, decreased serum hemoglobin levels correlated with peritubular capillaritis in the whole cohort (β = − 0.358, p = 0.013), and was suggested in the MPO-ANCA subgroup (p = 0.029, r = − 0.446). Regarding glomerular lesions, the prevalence of necrotic glomeruli significantly associated with low serum hemoglobin levels in PR3-ANCA (β = − 0.424, p = 0.028). In the total cohort, a significant correlation between decreased serum hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of diffuse Bowman’s capsule rupture was identified (β = − 0.374, p = 0.014), which was implied in the MPO-ANCA subgroup (p = 0.013, r = − 0.546; p = 0.0288, slope = − 16.65).

Conclusion
Peritubular capillaritis and Bowman’s capsule rupture correlate with low hemoglobin levels; this may indicate that histopathological lesions are linked with inflammatory vascular injury and relative erythropoietin deficiency in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Graphical abstract
Deep learning for morphological identification of extended radio galaxies using weak labels
Authors: Gupta Nikhel , Hayder Zeeshan , Norris Ray P. , Huynh Minh , Petersson Lars , Wang X. Rosalind , Andernach Heinz , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Yew Miranda , Crawford Evan J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The present work discusses the use of a weakly-supervised deep learning algorithm that reduces the cost of labelling pixel-level masks for complex radio galaxies with multiple components. The algorithm is trained on weak class-level labels of radio galaxies to get class activation maps (CAMs). The CAMs are further refined using an inter-pixel relations network (IRNet) to get instance segmentation masks over radio galaxies and the positions of their infrared hosts. We use data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope, specifically the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) Pilot Survey, which covered a sky area of 270 square degrees with an RMS sensitivity of 25–35

$\mu$

Jy beam

$^{-1}$

. We demonstrate that weakly-supervised deep learning algorithms can achieve high accuracy in predicting pixel-level information, including masks for the extended radio emission encapsulating all galaxy components and the positions of the infrared host galaxies. We evaluate the performance of our method using mean Average Precision (mAP) across multiple classes at a standard intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5. We show that the model achieves a mAP

$_{50}$

of 67.5% and 76.8% for radio masks and infrared host positions, respectively. The network architecture can be found at the following link: https://github.com/Nikhel1/Gal-CAM
Galois groups and prime divisors in random quadratic sequences
Authors: DOYLE JOHN R. , HEALEY VIVIAN OLSIEWSKI , HINDES WADE , JONES RAFE 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGiven a set
$S=\{x^2+c_1,\dots,x^2+c_s\}$
defined over a field and an infinite sequence
$\gamma$
of elements of S, one can associate an arboreal representation to
$\gamma$
, generalising the case of iterating a single polynomial. We study the probability that a random sequence
$\gamma$
produces a “large-image” representation, meaning that infinitely many subquotients in the natural filtration are maximal. We prove that this probability is positive for most sets S defined over
$\mathbb{Z}[t]$
, and we conjecture a similar positive-probability result for suitable sets over
$\mathbb{Q}$
. As an application of large-image representations, we prove a density-zero result for the set of prime divisors of some associated quadratic sequences. We also consider the stronger condition of the representation being finite-index, and we classify all S possessing a particular kind of obstruction that generalises the post-critically finite case in single-polynomial iteration.
Zoonotic pathogens identified in rodents and shrews from four provinces, China, 2015–2022
Authors: Tian Shen , Jiang Bao-Gui , Liu Wan-Shuang , Chen Hao-Rong , Gao Zi-Hou , Pu En-Nian , Li Yu-Qiong , Chen Jin-Jin , Fang Li-Qun , Wang Guo-Lin , Du Chun-Hong , Wei Yue-Hong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rodents and shrews are major reservoirs of various pathogens that are related to zoonotic infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate co-infections of zoonotic pathogens in rodents and shrews trapped in four provinces of China. We sampled different rodent and shrew communities within and around human settlements in four provinces of China and characterised several important zoonotic viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens by PCR methods and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 864 rodents and shrews belonging to 24 and 13 species from RODENTIA and EULIPOTYPHLA orders were captured, respectively. For viral pathogens, two species of hantavirus (Hantaan orthohantavirus and Caobang orthohantavirus) were identified in 3.47% of rodents and shrews. The overall prevalence of Bartonella spp., Anaplasmataceae, Babesia spp., Leptospira spp., Spotted fever group Rickettsiae, Borrelia spp., and Coxiella burnetii were 31.25%, 8.91%, 4.17%, 3.94%, 3.59%, 3.47%, and 0.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest co-infection status of three pathogens was observed among Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and Anaplasmataceae with a co-infection rate of 0.46%. Our results suggested that species distribution and co-infections of zoonotic pathogens were prevalent in rodents and shrews, highlighting the necessity of active surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in wild mammals in wider regions.
Public education and professionalisation of Italian Agriculture (1861–1914)
Authors: Vaquero Piñeiro Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses the formation in Italy of a school system focused on the training of technical and managerial personnel in the agricultural sector. Drawing on a rich literature on the relationship between school training, social change, and economic modernisation, this study details an under-researched aspect of the formation of the national state. Italy constitutes an exemplary case study as for the reforming action of public institutions in the field of education as well as the modernising policies that concerned the rural sector of the country before the First World War. Schools of agriculture in Italy became a means of social advancement not only for a wide sector of rural society but also for the children of the artisan and commercial bourgeoisie of small urban centres. This study thereby makes a novel contribution to the ongoing debate on the development of agriculture-related professions in Italy between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Closing Greenland's Mass Balance: Frontal Ablation of Every Greenlandic Glacier From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Kochtitzky William , Copland Luke , King Michalea , Hugonnet Romain , Jiskoot Hester , Morlighem Mathieu , Millan Romain , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Noël Brice 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Greenland, 87% of the glacierized area terminates in the ocean, but mass lost at the ice‐ocean interface, or frontal ablation, has not yet been fully quantified. Using measurements and models we calculate frontal ablation of Greenland's 213 outlet and 537 peripheral glaciers and find a total frontal ablation of 481.8 ± 24.0 for 2000–2010 and 510.2 ± 18.6 Gt a−1 for 2010–2020. Ice discharge accounted for ∼90% of frontal ablation during both periods, while mass loss due to terminus retreat comprised the remainder. Only 16 glaciers were responsible for the majority (>50%) of frontal ablation from 2010 to 2020. These estimates, along with the climatic‐basal balance, allow for a more complete accounting of Greenland Ice Sheet and peripheral glacier mass balance. In total, Greenland accounted for ∼90% of Northern Hemisphere frontal ablation for 2000–2010 and 2010–2020.
Wintertime Cooling of the Arctic TOA by Low‐Level Clouds
Authors: Li Xia , Mace Gerald G. , Strong Courtenay , Krueger Steven K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobally, clouds are known to warm the climate system in the thermal infrared because they typically emit thermal radiation to space at effective temperatures lower than the combined cloud‐free atmosphere and surface. However, here we show that ∼40% of low‐level clouds over sea ice tend to cool the Arctic system at TOA and contribute to a radiative cooling of the Arctic winter climate by −2.3 Wm−2, or a ∼16% reduction over the infrared warming effect of all clouds during winter. Based on satellite observations, low‐level clouds residing in surface‐based temperature inversions emit more longwave radiation to space than would occur in cloudless skies. While these clouds are known to significantly warm the surface, they cool the Arctic climate system overall. Our results imply that accurately representing the cloud radiative effects unique to the Arctic could help to constrain the regional energy budget.
Magnetospheric Time History in Storm‐Time Magnetic Flux Dynamics
Authors: Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Atilaw T. Y. , Fontaine D. , Le Contel O. , Slavin J. A. , Pulkkinen T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagnetospheric magnetic flux dynamics is quantified in 29 geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2019, using near‐equatorial Van Allen Probe, GOES, and Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. For the first time, concurrent, multi‐probe observations are utilized to preserve magnetospheric time history, defined as the state of the magnetosphere leading up to an observation. It is revealed that, relative to pre‐storm conditions, (a) during the storm sudden commencement (SSC), magnetic flux uniformly increases ΔΨ = +15% throughout the magnetosphere, except in the nightside inner magnetosphere where ΔΨ = −30%, and (b) during storm main and recovery phases, ΔΨ = −30% and −15%, respectively, in the nightside magnetosphere, at radial distances 5 ≤ r [RE] < 8. It is found that a symmetric ring current is likely formed in the nightside, early in the storm process (localized during SSC), which then broadens during the main phase, before weakening during the recovery phase. The current system on the dayside shows a distinct dawn‐dusk asymmetry.
The Role of Topography in Controlling Evapotranspiration Age
Authors: Yang Chen , Maxwell Reed , McDonnell Jeffrey , Yang Xiaofan , Tijerina‐Kreuzer Danielle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) age is a key metric of water sustainability but a major unknown partly due to the extreme difficulty in modeling it. Groundwater is found to be important in ET age variations in small‐scale studies, yet our understanding is insufficient because groundwater systems are nested across scales. Here, we conducted GPU‐accelerated particle tracking with integrated hydrologic modeling to quantify the variations in ET age at a regional scale of ∼0.4 M km2. Simulation results reveal topography‐driven flow paths shaping the spatial and temporal patterns of ET age variations. On ridges, where root zone decoupling with deep subsurface storage, ET age is generally young, with seasonal variations dominated by meteorological conditions. In the valley bottom, ET age is generally old, with significant subseasonal variations caused by the convergence of subsurface flow paths. On hillslopes with water table depths ranging from 1 to 10 m, ET age shows strong seasonal variations caused by the connections with lateral groundwater regulated by ET demand. Our modeling approach provides insights into the basic linkages between ET age and topography at large scale. Our work highlights the perspective of multiscale studies of ET age, suggesting new field experiments to test these process connections and to determine if such linkages warrant inclusion in Earth System Models.
Diverse Impacts of ENSO on the Intensity of Tropical Western North Pacific Synoptic‐Scale Disturbances During Boreal Summer
Authors: Gu Qinlu , Wu Renguang , Wang Yuqi , Zhu Peijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPresent study analyzes diverse impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the intensity of synoptic‐scale disturbances (SSDs) over the tropical western North Pacific (TWNP) during boreal summer. Asymmetric changes in the SSD intensity are detected in El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) developing summers. The increase in the SSD intensity is larger and located more eastward in EN developing summers compared to the decrease in LN developing summers. The asymmetric SSD intensity changes are associated with an eastward shift of anomalous low‐level cyclone and mid‐level ascent during EN developing summers relative to opposite anomalies during LN developing summers. The above difference is attributed to zonally asymmetric anomalous equatorial central‐eastern Pacific heating and cooling in EN and LN years. Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model illustrate that the major reason for asymmetric TWNP SSD intensity changes is the asymmetric atmospheric response to opposite sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in EN and LN years. Comparisons between strong and moderate ENSO events show an obvious dependence of the SSD intensity change on the amplitude of EN, but not on the amplitude of LN. This indicates a stronger sensitivity to warmer SST than to colder SST. The enhancement of the TWNP SSD intensity is confined to a more westward longitude in Central than Eastern Pacific EN years with a comparable magnitude.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of parotid pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Xu Xiuyun , Xie Jiaxiang , Ling Rongsong , Ouyang Shengqi , Xiong Gan , Lu Yanwen , Yun Bokai , Zhang Ming , Wang Wenjin , Liu Xiqiang , Chen Demeng , Wang Cheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumour in the salivary gland and has high morphological complexity. However, the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of PA are largely unknown. Here, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of PA at single-cell resolution and showed that PA exhibited five tumour subpopulations, three recapitulating the epithelial states of the normal parotid gland, and two PA-specific epithelial cell (PASE) populations unique to tumours. Then, six subgroups of PASE cells were identified, which varied in epithelium, bone, immune, metabolism, stemness and cell cycle signatures. Moreover, we revealed that CD36+ myoepithelial cells were the tumour-initiating cells (TICs) in PA, and were dominated by the PI3K-AKT pathway. Targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway significantly inhibited CD36+ myoepithelial cell-derived tumour spheres and the growth of PA organoids. Our results provide new insights into the diversity and origin of PA, offering an important clinical implication for targeting the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway in PA treatment.
Astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-induced depression-like behaviors are regulated by Orai1 calcium channels
Authors: Novakovic Michaela M. , Korshunov Kirill S. , Grant Rogan A. , Martin Megan E. , Valencia Hiam A. , Budinger G. R. Scott , Radulovic Jelena , Prakriya Murali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAstrocytes contribute to brain inflammation in neurological disorders but the molecular mechanisms controlling astrocyte reactivity and their relationship to neuroinflammatory endpoints are complex and poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the role of the calcium channel, Orai1, for astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-evoked depression behaviors in mice. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis indicated that deletion of Orai1 in astrocytes downregulates genes in inflammation and immunity, metabolism, and cell cycle pathways, and reduces cellular metabolites and ATP production. Systemic inflammation by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases hippocampal inflammatory markers in WT but not in astrocyte Orai1 knockout mice. Loss of Orai1 also blunts inflammation-induced astrocyte Ca2+ signaling and inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus. In line with these cellular changes, Orai1 knockout mice showed amelioration of LPS-evoked depression-like behaviors including anhedonia and helplessness. These findings identify Orai1 as an important signaling hub controlling astrocyte reactivity and astrocyte-mediated brain inflammation that is commonly observed in many neurological disorders.
Noise resilient exceptional-point voltmeters enabled by oscillation quenching phenomena
Authors: Suntharalingam Arunn , Fernández-Alcázar Lucas , Kononchuk Rodion , Kottos Tsampikos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExceptional point degeneracies (EPD) of linear non-Hermitian systems have been recently utilized for hypersensitive sensing. This proposal exploits the sublinear response that the degenerate frequencies experience once the system is externally perturbed. The enhanced sensitivity, however, might be offset by excess (fundamental and/or technical) noise. Here, we developed a self-oscillating nonlinear platform that supports transitions between two distinct oscillation quenching mechanisms – one having a spatially symmetric steady-state, and the other with an asymmetric steady-state – and displays nonlinear EPDs (NLEPDs) that can be employed for noise-resilient sensing. The experimental setup incorporates a nonlinear electronic dimer with voltage-sensitive coupling and demonstrates two-orders signal-to-noise enhancement of voltage variation measurements near NLEPDs. Our results resolve a long-standing debate on the efficacy of EPD-sensing in active systems above self-oscillating threshold.
Recyclable photoresins for light-mediated additive manufacturing towards Loop 3D printing
Authors: Lopez de Pariza Xabier , Varela Oihane , Catt Samantha O. , Long Timothy E. , Blasco Eva , Sardon Haritz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of polymeric materials enables the manufacturing of complex structures for a wide range of applications. Among AM methods vat photopolymerization (VP) is desired owing to improved efficiency, excellent surface finish, and printing resolution at the micron-scale. Nevertheless, the major portion of resins available for VP are based on systems with limited or negligible recyclability. Here, we describe an approach that enables the printing of a resin that is amenable to re-printing with retained properties and appearance. To that end, we take advantage of the potential of polythiourethane chemistry, which not only permits the click reaction between polythiols and polyisocyanates in the presence of organic bases, allowing a fast-printing process but also chemical recycling, reshaping, and reparation of the printed structures, paving the way toward the development of truly sustainable recyclable photoprintable resins. We demonstrate that this closed-loop 3D printing process is feasible both at the macroscale and microscale via DLP or DLW, respectively.
A single n-type semiconducting polymer-based photo-electrochemical transistor
Authors: Druet Victor , Ohayon David , Petoukhoff Christopher E. , Zhong Yizhou , Alshehri Nisreen , Koklu Anil , Nayak Prem D. , Salvigni Luca , Almulla Latifah , Surgailis Jokubas , Griggs Sophie , McCulloch Iain , Laquai Frédéric , Inal Sahika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConjugated polymer films, which can conduct both ionic and electronic charges, are central to building soft electronic sensors and actuators. Despite the possible interplay between light absorption and the mixed conductivity of these materials in aqueous biological media, no single polymer film has been utilized to create a solar-switchable organic bioelectronic circuit that relies on a fully reversible and redox reaction-free potentiometric photodetection and current modulation. Here we demonstrate that the absorption of light by an electron and cation-transporting polymer film reversibly modulates its electrochemical potential and conductivity in an aqueous electrolyte, which is harnessed to design an n-type photo-electrochemical transistor (n-OPECT). By controlling the intensity of light incident on the n-type polymeric gate electrode, we generate transistor output characteristics that mimic the modulation of the polymeric channel current achieved through gate voltage control. The micron-scale n-OPECT exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio and an excellent sensitivity to low light intensities. We demonstrate three direct applications of the n-OPECT, i.e., a photoplethysmogram recorder, a light-controlled inverter circuit, and a light-gated artificial synapse, underscoring the suitability of this platform for a myriad of biomedical applications that involve light intensity changes.