bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Related Resistance in Hamsters to Adenovirus-12 Oncogenesis
Authors: Yohn David S. , Funk Clare A. , Grace James T. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Syrian hamsters (Mesocricatus auratus) were incoulated subcutaneously at birth with adenovirus-12, strain Huie. Thymectomy at 1 week of age resulted in essentially a twofold increase in tumor incidence in both sexes. However, tumor incidence remained higher in females than in males by a factor of 1.4 ± S.D. with a virus dose of 105.0 or 106.0 TCD50. Cortisone treatment begun at 1 week of age in hamsters given 106.3 TCD50 at birth and continued until a tumor developed or until the animals were 2 months of age increased tumor incidence by factors of 1.24 and 1.50 in females and males, respectively. However, tumor incidence in females still exceeded that in males by a factor of 1.3. Cortisone treatment begun at 3 weeks of age in hamsters given 106.3 TCD50 and continued at least 2 weeks after tumors developed or until death prior to or at 4 months of age resulted in equal tumor incidence, 95%, in both sexes; tumor incidence in control animals was 63% and 41% in females and males, respectively.
Tumor regressions occurred in one-third of the hamsters of both sexes given 106.3 TCD50 at birth. Regressions were reduced to 3% in both sexes by continuous cortisone treatment, 2.5 mg weekly. Discontinuance of cortisone at the time tumors appeared or 2 or 4 weeks afterward resulted in 29 to 55% tumor regressions in males and 17 to 26% in females.
Antibody responses to adenovirus-12 T-antigen as measured by complement-fixation and indirect immunofluorescence were depressed in thymectomized and cortisone-treated animals. Antibody responses in tumor-bearing animals, which were comparable to those of untreated animals, were detected beginning 10 days after cortisone was discontinued.
These results revealed that the primary cell-virus interactions associated with adenovirus-12 oncogenesis occurred in virtually all animals given 106.3 TCD50. Secondary factors, such as the immunologic status of the host, determined whether transformed cells proliferated and continued to grow progressively as a tumor. Extensive steroid immunosuppression resulted in full expression of viral oncogeny. Restoration of the host's immunologic capacity by removing cortisone resulted in the succesful abortion of established tumors in a significant proportion of animals.
The mechanism responsible for the greater incidence of tumors among normal or immunosuppressed females (excluding the extensively cortisonized animals) is yet to be clearly defined. Evidence is cited favoring a stimulatory role for estrogen.
Reversible Loss of Activity of the First Component of Complement (C′1) As a Function of Ionic Strength
Authors: Colten Harvey R. , Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Guinea pig C′1a at an ionic strength greater than 0.15 loses up to 90% of its original activity. The rate and extent of inactivation of depend on ionic strength, concentration of C′1a and temperature. The rate and extent of reactivation of C′1a (inactivated by elevated ionic strength) also depend on ionic strength and on the concentration of C′1a but are independent of temperature. The data suggest that the loss of activity of C′1a at high ionic strength is the result of dissociation of C′1a into hemolytically inactive fragments of approximately equal size. C′1a is eluted from EAC′1a by high ionic strength in a hemolytically inactive form. The eluted, inactive C′1a can be reactivated by lowering the ionic strength; the eluted reactivated C′1a cannot be distinguished from untreated C′1a.
Carbodiimide-Induced Bentonite-Antigen Complexes: Readily Prepared Immunoadsorbents
Authors: Carpenter Robert R. , Reisberg Margaret A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
γ-globulin and albumin are bound to bentonite by l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. The reaction proceeds promptly at room temperature in physiologic solution. It is suggested than an organometallic bond results between protein and bentonite. The bond is stable under most conditions, and the resulting materials function well as immunoadsorbents.
Rabbit antibody, isolated from the adsorbent, contains a trace of albumin and less than 1 part/1000 antigen. At equivalence, 92 to 97% of the protein in preparations of isolated antibody is precipitated by soluble antigen.
Protein is adsorbed both to immunologically specific and non-specific sites on the antigen-bentonite complex. About 0.17 mole antibody is quantitatively bound per mole adsorbent antigen. In excess antibody, the capacity of the γ-globulin adsorbent exceeds 0.54 mole antibody per mole adsorbent antigen.
Most antibody, in the presence of other serum protein, is bound to specific sites on the adsorbent and is readily eluted at pH 2.5. Normal γ-globulin and other proteins are bound to nonspecific sites, and remain largely bound at the pH of elution.
It is likely that a small amount of antibody is bound to nonspecific, adsorbent sites and remains bound during elution. Nevertheless, estimates of serum antibody with the adsorbents exceed estimates made by quantitative precipitation and more accurately reflect total serum antibody.
Ultracentrifugal Studies of the Reaction of IgM Anti-γ-Globulin Subunits with Human IgG
Authors: Schrohenloher Ralph E. , Barry Carolyn B. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Subunits were produced from three human IgM anti-γ-globulins by reduction with ethylmercaptan and alkylation with iodoacetamide. The formation of soluble complexes by reaction of the subunits with human IgG was investigated by quantitative sedimentation analysis. The subunits from each of the anti-γ-globulins formed a major complex component which sedimented at approximately 8 or 9 S. The sedimentation properties of the complex components were found to be independent of the amount of IgG reacted with the subunits. In the presence of an excess of active subunits, the quantity of complexes formed by the subunits from each of the anti-γ-globulins was twice the quantity of IgG present in the reaction mixture. Evidence was obtained that most, if not all, of the IgG in these reaction mixtures reacted with the subunits. In the presence of an excess of IgG, the quantity of complexes remained constant regardless of the amount of IgG used in the reaction mixtures. The results were discussed in terms of their possible significance with regard to the valence of the subunits.
Passive Sensitization of Monkey Lung Fragments with Sera of Timothy-Sensitive Patients
Authors: Malley Arthur , Harris Raymond L. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A spectrofluorometric method for the determination of histamine liberated from monkey lung tissue passively sensitized with human atopic sera is described.
The close correlation of histamine liberated from sensitized tissue with P-K titer, the loss of activity by heating sera at 56°C for 1 hr, and the failure of both rabbit and rhesus monkey precipitating antibody or human blocking antibody to release histamine indicate that this method provides an in vitro estimation of the reagin content of the sera from allergic patients. The sensitivity of the method described may also permit the detection of reagin in the sera of allergic patients not detectable by the P-K test.
It is suggested that the use of adult monkey lung tissue may provide a means to study the mechanism of antibody fixation.
The Stoichiometric Measurement of the Serum Inhibitor of the First Component of Complement by the Inhibition of Immune Hemolysis
Authors: Gigli Irma , Ruddy Shaun , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A sensitive technique for the measurement of the activity of the α-2-globulin inhibitor of the activated first component of complement has been described. The reaction is based on the ability of this inhibitor to block C′1a in a stoichiometric fashion in immune hemolysis.
A hemolytic unit of C′1aINH has been defined as the amount required to inhibit 63% of one effective molecule of C′1a in the presence of a total dose of from 1.5 to 2.5 effective molecules per cell. The C′1a inhibitor is stoichiometrically depleted by its interaction with fluid phase hemolytically active C′1a. C′1aINH is equally effective in blocking C′1a in the fluid phase or on the cell.
C′1aINH activity can be measured in human serum after removal of C′1 by precipitating the latter at low ionic strength, pH 7.5. Normal levels for C′1aINH activity are 37,445 ± 17,790 units/ml. Patients with hereditary angioedema were found to have a 99% reduction in C′1aINH activity.
Skin-Sensitizing Properties of Guinea Pig Antibodies to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin
Authors: Strejan Gill , Campbell Dan H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Guinea pigs were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. A crude guinea pig anti-KLH γ-globulin pool was prepared and three different antibody preparations were obtained as follows: A) by acid dissociation of specific KLH anti-KLH precipitates and separation of the KLH from the antibodies by ultracentrifugation; B) by acid dissociation of the immune precipitates and isolation of the antibodies by gel filtration through Sephadex G 200; C) by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.
The preparations were absorbed with a rabbit anti-guinea pig 7 S γ1 serum and were subsequently found free of 7 S γ1 when tested by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Antigenically pure 7 S γ2 anti-KLH antibodies as well as unabsorbed controls were tested by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig. The results indicated that antibodies associated with the 7 S γ2 class elicited positive PCA reactions in the guinea pig.
Evaluation of an Agar Gel Precipitin Test for the Serodiagnosis of Actinomycosis
Authors: Georg Lucille K. , Coleman R. Marie , Brown June M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
This study indicates that the agar gel precipitin test, used as described, cannot be relied upon for a presumptive diagnosis of actinomycosis. With the Actinomyces antigens used, precipitin bands were obtained not only with sera from patients with proven actinomycosis, but also with sera from other diseases.
Attempts to relate the formation of a particular band with actinomycotic infection have not been successful thus far. The potentialities of this test should be investigated further in the hope of developing a specific and sensitive immunodiffusion test for actinomycosis.
Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Mycobacterial Substitutes in “Complete” Freund's Adjuvant
Authors: Salvaggio John E. , Castro-Murillo E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Known granuloma-producing agents in man were substituted for mycobacteria in Freund's complete adjuvant. Observations were made on the type and extent of granuloma formation, antibody production and the development of delayed hypersensitivity to an incorporated protein antigen (bovine serum albumin) in rabbits and guinea pigs, and the results were compared with those obtained using Freund's “complete” (mycobacteria) and “incomplete” adjuvants.
The results indicate that none of the granuloma-producing substitutes were comparable in their enhancing effect to crude whole Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Animals of all groups developed intense granulomatous reactions at the local toe or foot pad inoculation site but only mycobacterial adjuvant resulted in an extensive and widespread epithelioid cell response throughout the reticuloendothelial system plus uniform high levels of circulating antibody and intense delayed hypersensitivity to BSA, suggesting an association between macrophage response and overall adjuvant activity.
Occasional animals in the mycobacteria substitute groups were good antibody producers and developed strong delayed hypersensitivity reactions to BSA without extensive granuloma formation, thus indicating that quantity of granuloma formation per se was not related to adjuvant effect.
There was no relationship between intensity or appearance of delayed hypersensitivity and antibody production to BSA in individual animals during the course of the study.
Antimuscle Factor and Antinuclear Factor in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: McFarlin D. E. , Johnson J. S. , Seymour W. F. K. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A three-layer indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study the classes of immunoglobulins responsible for AMF and ANF in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis. AMF was found in IgG but not in IgA or IgM. In contrast ANF was detected in all three major classes. In individual sera this reactivity occurred in one, two or three immunoglobulin classes. Evidence is presented that ANF and AMF, although frequently found in the same serum, behave as separate serologic entities.
Antibody Response in Humans to Deoxycholate-Treated Influenza Virus Vaccine
Authors: Duxbury A. E. , Hampson A. W. , Sievers J. G. M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A subunit influenza vaccine, prepared by deoxycholate treatment of aqueous influenza virus vaccine concentrates, has been shown to be of comparable antigenicity to the unmodified vaccine when injected into young adult males.
When used in high dosage the vaccine induced high antibody levels and caused no undesirable systemic reactions.
Antibody Production Stimulated in Vitro in Burkitt Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Kamei Hideo , Moore George E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Cells of the cell line P3-J (Jijoye), derived from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma, were exposed to coliphage T2. Protein isolated from spent culture medium suppressed plaque formation by T2, but not by coliphage T5. When the cultured cells had been exposed to T5, the protein fraction had a neutralizing activity to T5 but not to T2. This activity was reduced by treatment with dithiothreitol, mercaptoethanol, antihuman whole γ globulin serum, or anti-human IgM serum. Protein fractions from the spent media of P3-J cultures that had not been exposed to the test phage had no activity. The protein preparations from cultured human osteosarcoma or mesothelioma cells that had been similarly exposed to coliphages showed no such activity. These experiments strongly suggest production of a “specific” antibody, probably IgM, by P3-J cells stimulated by coliphages acting as antigens.
Biologic Properties of Rat Antibodies
Authors: Morse Herbert C. , Bloch Kurt J. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The antibody activity responsible for the immunologic release of SRS-A in the rat was present in rat serum obtained 1 week after immunization with DNP-BGG in complete Freund's adjuvant. Peak activity was present at weeks 2 and 3 and declined to negligible levels by week 10. The antibody activity was associated with the IgGa class of rat immunoglobulins and was stable to heating at 56°C for 4 hr. Relatively small amounts of nonspecific IgG interfered with the capacity of IgGa antibody to prepare rat tissue for SRS-A release.
Types of Canine Serum Immunoglobulins
Authors: Patterson Roy , Roberts Mary , Pruzansky Jacob J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Studies of canine serum immunoglobulins demonstrated preparations considered to be canine γG and γM. and Canine γA and γE are provisionally identified. Antisera specific for these immunoglobulins were prepared. Canine reaginic antibody reactivity was absorbed from the fractions with an antibody prepared against the serum fraction considered to contain canine γE but not with rabbit antisera against canine γA, γM or γG.
The Immunodepressive Action of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Mice
Authors: Mims C. A. , Wainwright Sally 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Adult mice infected with LCM virus showed a temporary depression in antibody response to sheep red cells, and fewer antibody-forming cells were present in the spleen. There was also a reduction in antibody response to HSA, and decreased susceptibility to systemic anaphylaxis after immunization with OVA. Infection with either ectromelia or cowpox virus did not lead to immunodepression.
Following infection with LCM virus in the neonatal period, mice showed a depressed antibody response to sheep red cells during the first few weeks of life, with recovery to normal responsiveness when they became adult. Mice from carrier colonies, in contrast, had normal immune responses whether immature or adult.
Ectromelia virus was much more lethal for mice that had been infected a week earlier with LCM virus, and this was attributed to a reduction in the immune response to ectromelia infection. When mice immune to ectromelia were infected with LCM virus and subsequently challenged in the footpad with a large dose of ectromelia virus they survived, but failed to control the growth of virus at the site of challenge. They also showed reduced immune foot swelling compared with control mice, a finding which suggests impaired expression of delayed hypersensitivity.
Mice infected neonatally with LCM virus and then 2 weeks later with cowpox virus showed an increase in survival rate, but a decreased footpad response to infection and decreased ability to withstand later challenge with ectromelia virus.
Iso-Antibodies to a β Globulin that Detects Spontaneous Delayed Iso-Hypersensitivity in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Follett D. A. , Battisto J. R. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The level of spontaneous delayed-type iso-hypersensitivity that is directed toward a β globulin iso-antigen (SF) in guinea pigs can be enhanced three- to five-fold by injecting animals with SF+ serum in Freund's adjuvant. This heightened iso-hypersensitivity can be detected in vitro by inhibiting macrophage migration.
Circulating antibodies specific for SF were also produced in SF- guinea pigs immunized with SF+ serum in Freund's adjuvant. These antibodies were of the PCA variety in the majority of animals and of the precipitating variety in a small number of animals. In neutralization tests of the PCA antibody using fractions of SF+ serum, SF was found in the β globulin fraction. PCA neutralization was used also to show that the antigens of human and rabbit sera that evoke dermal responses in the guinea pig are different from SF. The precipitating antibodies, used in immunodiffusion, detected a single β-globulin component in SF+ sera but not in SF- sera.
The adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (ACA) was used to show that lymph node cells from spontaneously iso-hypersensitive guinea pigs immunized with an unrelated antigen were inhibited from making antibody to the antigen when deposited in the skin of animals possessing SF. The ACA test, thus, will be useful to detect pre-existing iso-hypersensitivity in species that do not readily show delayed dermal reactions.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Pondman K. W. , Stoop J. W. , Cormane R. H. , Hannema A. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A 6-year-old child gradually developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the first titration 3 months after onset of the disease, a zero C′H50 titer was found, while SLE was not yet manifest. At that time, the lupus erythematosus (LE) cell test was still negative and there were no anti-nuclear factors (ANF) present. Immunoglobulins could not be demonstrated in the basal membrane of the skin. Fluorescence demonstrating immunoglobulin fixation in skin was for the first time positive 5 months after the beginning of the complaints, while the LE cell test and ANF fluorescence remained negative. ANF were first demonstrated at 10 months. The LE cell test remained negative. A C′H50 titer of 0 value was found throughout. Patient's sera were tested for C′1, C′2, C′4 and “C′3 complex” (EDTA serum); only absence of C′1 was consistently noted. The C′1 esterase inhibitor level of the serum was significantly increased varying from 150 to 300% above normal.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Leon M. A. , Jocius I. , Yokohari R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reduction of partially purified IgM hemolysin (A) in solution, or bound to sheep erythrocytes (EA), is accompanied by loss of complement (C′)-fixing activity. C′-fixing activity is not recovered under mild oxidizing conditions. After reaction of EA with the jack bean lectin, concanavalin A, C′-fixing activity of the hemolysin can be destroyed by reduction and recovered by mild oxidation. C′-fixing activity of the reduced and re-oxidized products is determined after dissociation of concanavalin A from the complex using methyl-α-D glucoside. Reversibility of reduction after reaction of A with both Forssman antigen on the sheep erythrocytes and concanavalin A is interpreted as being due to increased rigidity of A under conditions where at least part of the FAB and FC portions of the molecule are complexed. The sulfhydryl groups formed on reduction are thus constrained and on re-oxidation form the same disulfide bonds found in the native molecule.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Donaldson V. , Ratnoff O. D. , Klemperer M. R. , Rosen F. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Plasma from persons with hereditary angioneurotic edema develops permeability factor and kinin activity, both of which seem to be due to the action of a relatively small polypeptide molecule. Histamine plays no role in these activities, clearly distinguishing the permeability factor and kinin properties in this plasma from the anaphylatoxins which may be formed from purified components of complement. Partially purified preparations of this kinin-permeability factor activity contracted rat uterus but not guinea pig ileum; and when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, their arterial blood pressure was raised slightly. The kinin and permeability factor activity of this preparation could be destroyed during incubation with trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase. The effect on rat arterial blood pressure and susceptibility to trypsin suggest that the polypeptide differs from bradykinin and lysyl bradykinin, both of which have vasodepressor effects in the rat, and neither of which loses its kinin or permeability factor activity during incubation with trypsin.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Lachmann P. J. , Coombs R. R. A. , Fell H. B. , Dingle J. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Embryonic chick bones grown in organ culture in a medium containing rabbit antibody against cell membrane antigens and rabbit complement show extensive degradation of cartilage matrix and characteristic resorption of bone. Biochemical studies have shown that these changes are due to release of lysosomal protease. Cell death is confined to the extreme outer layer of cells; and if the affected rudiment is returned to a normal medium, recovery occurs rapidly and may be associated with irregular growth. These changes are wholly dependent on the presence of complement and are abolished if the source of complement is heated, or treated with antigen-antibody complexes or with zymosan. Serum from C′6-deficient rabbits is also quite inactive. Immunohistochemical examination of affected rudiments shows that fixed rabbit γ globulin is found maximally at the periphery of the rudiment and decreases sharply towards the center. Fixed C′3 is apparently confined wholly to the most peripheral layers.