bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION NEGATIVELY IMPACTS GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN A WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Batsis John , Petersen Curtis , Lynch David , Spangler Hillary , Cook Summer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Higher dietary intake of protein has also been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, yet losing weight improves glucose metabolism and homeostasis. We evaluated whether a multicomponent weight loss intervention in older persons with obesity aged 65+ years augmented with protein supplementation impacts glucose homeostasis.

Methods
A 12-week, non-randomized, parallel group intervention in 28 older rural adults with obesity (body mass index (BMI)≥30kg/m2) was conducted at a community aging center of a protein and non-protein arms. Both received individualized, weekly dietitian visits with twice weekly physical therapist-led group strength training classes; aerobic exercise was prescribed outside the classes. The protein group was provided with whey protein supplementation three times weekly post-strength training. Pre/post fasting glucose, insulin, and c-peptide levels were assessed with HOMA-IR and HOMA beta-cell function calculated.

Results
Mean age was 72.9±4.4 (86% female) and 73.0±6.3 (79% female), p=0.94, with baseline BMI of 37.6±6.9 and 36.6±5.5, in the protein and non-protein groups, respectively. Mean weight-loss was -3.45±2.86kg and -5.79±3.08kg (both p&lt; 0.001; Δ p=0.047). Visceral fat decreased less in the protein group (-0.02mL vs. -1.02ml;p=0.007), while appendicular lean mass did not (p=0.44). There was lower fasting glucose (protein:-4mg±13.9mg/dL vs. non-protein: 12.2±25.8, effect size:-0.40;p=.10), insulin (-1.32±4.68 vs. -7.79±10.14, ES:0.82;p=0.01), and higher c-peptide (-0.02±0.67 vs. -0.69±1.25,ES:0.66;p=0.06) at follow-up. HOMA-IR also decreased less (-0.18±0.64 vs. -1.08±1.50, ES:0.78; p=0.02) and b-cell function (-3.94±22.61 vs. -16.81±33.85; ES:0.45; p=0.09]).

Conclusions
A multicomponent obesity intervention incorporating protein supplementation led to lower degree of weight loss and mitigated the benefit on glucose homeostasis.
DEVELOPING A MOBILE PHONE APPLICATION TO DETECT SOCIAL ISOLATION OVER MULTIPLE TIME POINTS
Authors: Biyani Rajlaxmi , Joshi Anupam , Tucker Gretchen , Bradley Dana , Sceppa Carmen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Social isolation is an important predictor of mortality and morbidity in older persons. The increase in social isolation is often a result of major life events such as retirement, leading to the loss of social connections. The effects of the pandemic have exacerbated the loss of social connectedness. Measures to ensure social distancing have made technologies like voice and video calling, text messaging, and other phone mediated communication important resources for connecting people. Measuring social isolation often requires periodic administration of a paper survey instrument, like the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS). The approach was taken by Lubben for predicting a person’s social isolation level typically involves looking at their general frequency of interactions with family and friends along with the specific frequencies of private, tentative discussions happening during those interactions. This paper explores the process used to develop a tool to measure social isolation continuously and automatically by using an older person’s frequency and tone of telephonic conversations. We categorized a person’s family and friends into three sub-categories based on the self-reported level of closeness shared with them. We then analyzed the person’s conversation (content and tones). Lastly, we trained the deep learning model (Watson) using these captured tone values to determine the social isolation index of the individual. Our preliminary results indicate that we are able to correctly predict their degree of social isolation as judged by Lubben’s scale using their phone conversations. This technology may be promising for the assessment and intervention of social isolation.
LONELINESS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS WITHOUT DEMENTIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Harrington Karra , Vasan Shradha , Kang Jee eun , Sliwinski Martin , Lim Michelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Loneliness has consistently been associated with dementia risk. An important precursor to dementia is cognitive decline, which can begin decades prior to clinical diagnosis of dementia. Therefore, understanding about the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function in healthy older adults may inform our understanding of how loneliness contributes to dementia risk. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the extent to which loneliness affects cognition in older adults who do not have dementia. A systematic search of five databases (PubMed, PsycNET, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Scopus) from inception to August 31st 2021 was completed, including search terms related to loneliness, aging, and cognition. A total of 4,302 unique articles were screened for inclusion, resulting in 16 studies that met full criteria (six cross-sectional and ten longitudinal). Three of the six (50%) cross-sectional studies reported significant negative associations between loneliness and cognitive function, while six of the ten (60%) longitudinal studies reported that loneliness was associated with greater cognitive decline over time. We did not find a significant relationship between loneliness and cognitive function in the rest of the studies. There was substantial variation across studies in the measures of loneliness and cognitive function. Furthermore, many studies relied on cognitive screening tools to identify cognitive outcomes, which may not be sensitive to subtle cognitive changes that precede dementia. Future studies should consider using validated and sensitive measures of loneliness and cognitive function, and examining these relationships prospectively, in order to, assess these relationships in a more robust way.
EXPECTATIONS OF RECOGNITION AND BENEFITS OF CREATIVE ACTIVITIES FOR MIDDLE AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Mackenstadt Darby , Adams-Price Carolyn , Israel Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Creative hobbies have been found to be beneficial for mental health, especially if an individual considers their hobby an important part of their identity (Adams-Price & Morse, 2018). Although receiving recognition from friends or family for one’s creative abilities has been seen to decrease depressive symptoms for adults, these benefits may depend on expectations and type of recognition desired (Israel et al, 2020). Those who participate in creative activities as a career compared to those who participate as hobbyist may not receive the same benefits due to the stress artists endure trying to earn a living (Barker et al, 2009). This study aimed to explore the relationships between hobby recognition, hobby’s impact on identity, and mental well-being. A sample of 279 primarily white (88%) female (95.3%) adults aged 40 to 84 (M = 59.9-years-old) were interviewed during the Covid-19 Pandemic. A structural equation model was developed in AMOS 28.0 to correlate these variables and do a multiple groups analysis, comparing 100 older adults (65+) and 179 middle aged adults (40-64) who all reported at least one creative hobby. Results found a negative relationship between identifying with a creative hobby and receiving recognition for the hobby, a negative relationship between mental well-being and recognition, and a positive relationship between identifying with one’s hobby and mental well-being. The results suggest that recognition from others may have mixed effects on mental health but identifying with one’s creative hobby may be a protective factor. Implications expectations of recognition will be discussed.
COGNITIVELY ENGAGING SOLITARY ACTIVITIES: ANOTHER LAYER OF PROTECTION AGAINST LONELINESS
Authors: Sun Haosen , Schafer Markus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Participating in social activities and sustaining more extensive networks are beneficial in mitigating loneliness in the aging population. However, these coping strategies are subject to multiple structural and individual constraints, including neighborhood stressors, physical limitations, and social-economic strain. The present research scrutinizes cognitively engaging solitary activities as a potential alternative to alleviate loneliness. It examines their intersections with social activities and networks and how disadvantaged groups prone to loneliness can benefit from them. We use Wave 4 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to perform linear and logistic regressions. Results show that 78% of older Europeans perform solitary activities such as reading and playing word/number games at least weekly, a much higher rate than the 29% engaged in formal social activity. Social and personal activities do not compete but instead complement each other. Older individuals performing solitary activities report significantly lower loneliness, and this engagement compensates for low social participation and small social networks. Routine solitary activities are also protective among individuals at older ages and among those lacking a partner, additional housemates, and children. Overall, the present research highlights that solitary activities, particularly the cognitively engaging ones, are a practical layer of protection against loneliness. Future research should further examine variations in the effectiveness between solitary activities and explore the possibilities and challenges in bridging them with digital media and technologies to alleviate loneliness.
THE MENTAL HEALTH BENEFIT OF FRIEND NETWORKS IN OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS: THE CONDITIONING EFFECT OF FAMILY TYPE
Authors: Jang Yuri , Park Nan Sook , Park Juyoung , Chiriboga David , Haley William , Kim Miyong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Building on the importance of family and friends as sources of social connectedness in later years of life, we conducted a contextual examination of their independent and interactive roles in predicting mental health, using a compensatory social convoy model. In a sample of older Korean Americans, we anticipated that friend networks would be a more important predictor of mental distress when strong family relationships were absent. Data were from 2,140 participants in the Study of Older Korean Americans, a multi-state survey of Korean immigrants age 60 and older (Mage = 73.4, SD = 7.97). To identify family types, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed with 17 variables assessing family networks, positive and negative interactions with family members, and incidence of mistreatment by family. Linear regression models of mental distress then examined the direct effects of family type and networks of friends, as well as their interactions. LPA on family-related items identified three family types: close-knit, mixed, and dysfunctional. Membership in the close-knit group and a larger network of friends were associated with lower levels of mental distress. In addition, a significant interaction was found between dysfunctional family type and friend network (B = −.35, SE = .08, p &lt; .001), where the positive effect of friend networks was most pronounced in the context of dysfunctional family relationships. These findings support the use of a compensatory social convoy model. Substituting for family resources, friend networks yielded compensatory mental health protection for those with dysfunctional family relations.
“STOP HASSLING ME!”: HASSLES, PERCEIVED SUPPORT, AND MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTHOOD
Authors: Gourley Amy , Hamilton Lucas , Coleman Max , Krendl Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior work suggests that older adults with larger social networks have better mental health, potentially due to having greater access to support from different network members. However, other research suggests that perceptions of support, which do not necessarily align with network size, predict better mental health and higher life satisfaction. It could be that, irrespective of network size, the presence of hassles – network members that are perceived as causing problems or making life difficult – is associated with lower perceptions of support, which negatively impacts mental health. We tested this possibility using social network data from 137 older adults (Mage = 74.25 years) who completed the PhenX social interview and well-validated measures of depression, perceived social support, and life satisfaction. In linear regression models controlling for other network variables, perceived support and the level of hassles independently predicted depression and life satisfaction. Testing our mediation predictions, hassles significantly mediated the effect of perceived support on depression and life satisfaction. Alternatively, perceived support only mediated the effect of hassles on life satisfaction. Taken together, these findings may indicate that the presence of hassles in one’s network predicts mental health symptomology and life satisfaction, irrespective of perceptions of support or other network characteristics (e.g., network size). Thus, while perceptions of social support appear to be important predictors of life satisfaction, network characteristics better predict mental health symptomology. Future work on social engagement interventions may benefit from a targeted approach depending on the outcome of interest.
POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CAREGIVING IN DIFFERENT CAREGIVER GROUPS
Authors: Hu Mengyao , Schulman-Green Dena , Zang Emma , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have disproportionately focused on caregivers’ negative experiences while overlooking the positive aspects of caregiving (e.g., quality of caregiver – care recipient relationship, meaningfulness of caregiving, and family cohesiveness) especially for caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairment. Therefore, we aim to identify how positive aspects of caregiving varied by care recipients’ cognitive status (e.g., normal, mild cognitive impairment, dementia) and caregivers’ relation to care recipients (e.g., spouse, adult child, other family member). We applied multilevel mixed-effects models on pooled three-wave data from the National Study of Caregiving and the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 2,717). The findings suggested that dementia and spouse caregivers had worse relationship with their counterparts. Overall, future research needs to study caregiver’s experience integratively and focuses on caregiver’s individual need. Policy makers need to fulfill caregiver’s demands by establishing socially supportive programs.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EATING DIFFICULTY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: MODERATING EFFECTS OF EATING AND LIVING ALONE
Authors: Lim Junyub , Shin Yeonsoo , Kim Giyeon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Previous studies report that poor oral health reduces the opportunity for social interaction and increases the risk of psychological distress and that eating alone affects depressive symptoms and its connection differs by living arrangements. The present study aims to investigate the moderating effects of eating alone and living arrangements on the relationship between difficulty eating food due to poor oral health and depressive symptoms among Korean older adults.

Methods
Data were drawn from the 2020 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons, a nationally representative survey. A total of 9,920 participants aged 65 years and older were included in analyses.

Results
Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that difficulty eating food was positively correlated with depressive symptoms and eating alone did not moderate the relationship between difficulty eating food and depressive symptoms (b = 1.394, p &lt; .001; b=-0.062, p &gt; 0.05, respectively). However, the effects of eating alone significantly differed by living arrangements (b = 1.663, p &lt; .05). In the case of older adults who live alone, eating alone significantly moderated the relationship between difficulty eating food and depressive symptoms, whereas for those living with others, eating alone did not moderate the relationship. Discussion: Social isolation can be a risk factor that worsens the mental health of older adults who have difficulty eating due to poor oral health. Practical implications for ways to reduce loneliness are discussed.
AGING ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: RESEARCH COLLECTIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE OF COMPUTERIZED DATA ON AGING
Authors: McNally James , Lavender Kathryn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Creating and maintaining sustainable data archives can be challenging, but it offers clear advantages. Properly curated data can be used by multiple researchers, testing a variety of hypotheses and increasing the return on investment to the expensive data collection process. An internally managed archival system also provides greater control and autonomy in the equitable distribution of data resources. This process ensures all researchers will have full use of the data for original research, teaching, and new directions once the data leaves the control of the local investigator. This poster reviews the advantages of having a local strategy to preserve and share gerontological research data. Using the National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) as a working example, the poster offers an overview of collections at NACDA. Using our metadata tools and variable search database, NACDA can identify studies in its collections that examine aspects of aging and health among adults during their lifecourse. Many of the studies are longitudinal or repeat measure cross-sectional studies. We can also identify studies that focus on aging not maintained by NACDA are available to interested researchers. Using a strategy of archival preservation combined with a strong focus on productive research Innovation in Aging, NACDA has amassed data and metadata covering a wide array of studies worldwide that address the aging lifecourse. Because our collections are multinational, we share these data at no cost to interested users worldwide
OXR1 STABILIZES THE RETROMER TO EXTEND LIFESPAN AND NEURONAL HEALTH BY DIETARY RESTRICTION
Authors: Wilson Kenneth , Bar Sudipta , Dammer Eric , Schilling Birgit , Seyfried Nicholas , Bellen Hugo , Ellerby Lisa , Kapahi Pankaj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) delays aging and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. We reared over 150 fully sequenced fly strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel under ad libitum feeding or diet-restricted conditions and measured lifespan as well as healthspan to identify new targets for DR-mediated longevity. Through genome-wide association study, we identified genetic variants associated with influencing these traits under each dietary condition. A variant in mustard (mtd, called Oxidation resistance 1, OXR1, in humans), significantly associated with DR-specific lifespan. We demonstrate that mtd/OXR1 in neurons is necessary for DR-mediated lifespan extension. Neuronal knockdown of mtd also accelerates sensory decline, arguing for a specific role of mtd/OXR1 in neuroprotection. We show that mtd is essential for stabilizing the retromer complex, which is necessary for trafficking transmembrane proteins and lipids for reuse. As a result of OXR1 deficiency, the retromer destabilizes and lysosomes become overused. Overexpression of retromer proteins or supplementation with chaperone compound R55 rescues the lifespan defects and neurodegeneration seen in mtd-deficient flies, and R55 is capable of rescuing lysosomal aggregation and OXR1-retromer co-localization in cells from humans with OXR1 deficiency. We further show through multi-omic analyses in flies and humans that mtd/OXR1 associates with accelerated transcriptomic aging and proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overexpression of OXR1 and retromer proteins rescued AD-associated phenotypes in a fly model of AD. Thus, mtd/OXR1 enhances protein recycling in response to DR through the retromer, improving neuronal health and lifespan through mechanisms conserved across species.
REGENERATION OF AGING LUNG TISSUE: A NOVEL WAY OF REOPENING THE PLASTICITY WINDOW OF POSTNATAL ALVEOLAR TYPE II CELLS
Authors: Hausman Hannah , Golding Hannah , Sawhney Amitoj , Brownfield Douglas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prevalence of chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have been found to increase with age. Pulmonary disease can occur from failure to maintain alveolar type (AT) 1 and alveolar type 2 cells located in the epithelium of the lung. It is currently known that AT2 cells are the facultative stem cells of the lung, and can transform into AT1 cells which make up the structure of the alveoli. This process happens throughout embryonic development, but AT2 cells can also replenish AT1 cell populations post lung injury. This research investigates whether this process that normally occurs during development can also occur in mature AT2 cells, and studies this question using genetically engineered mouse models at a postnatal stage. Using a double inhibition mechanism, we attempted to increase cellular proliferation by administering an agonist and conducted cellular lineage tracing with an SpcCreER lox system via tamoxifen-induced GFP expression. Through lineage labeling, we saw AT1 cells arising from AT2 cells that became plastic, mirroring the plasticity observed in development. Further research is needed to determine if this agonist can be used to epigenetically unlock mature AT2 cells. This result would provide a mechanism to temporarily induce plasticity in a patient’s own AT2 cells in an attempt to regenerate their lungs in disease.
USABILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF A PEER-DELIVERED TECHNOLOGY BASED MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Collins-Pisano Caroline , Leggett Amanda , Fortuna Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Family caregivers of people with dementia are critical to the quality of life of care recipients and the sustainability of healthcare systems but face increased risk of emotional distress and negative health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the usability, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a technology-based and caregiver-delivered peer support program, “Caregiver Remote Education and Support” (CARES) smartphone application and to identify barriers and facilitators to the ethical use of former caregivers as technology-based interventionists. Nine family caregivers of people with dementia received the CARES intervention and three former family caregivers of people with dementia were trained to deliver the CARES system. Quantitative data were collected at baseline and at the end of the two-week field usability study. Qualitative data were also collected at the end of the two-week field usability study. The pilot study demonstrated that a two-week, peer- delivered and technology supported mental health intervention designed to improve burden, stress, and strain levels was experienced by former and current family caregivers as usable, acceptable, and ethical. CARES was associated with non-statistically significant improvements in burden, stress, and strain levels. This pre/post field usability study demonstrated it is possible to train former family caregivers of people with dementia to use technology to deliver a mental health intervention to current caregivers. Future studies would benefit from a longer trial, a larger sample size, a randomized controlled design, and a control of covariables such as stages of dementia, years providing care, and the severity of dementia symptoms.