bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Dysfunction and Depression Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Kamath Vidyulata , Jiang Kening , Manning Kevin J , Mackin R Scott , Walker Keenan A , Powell Danielle , Lin Frank R , Chen Honglei , Brenowitz Willa D , Yaffe Kristine , Simonsick Eleanor M , Deal Jennifer A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We examined the relationship between baseline olfactory performance and incident significant depressive symptoms and longitudinal depression trajectories in well-functioning older adults. Inflammation and cognitive status were examined as potential mediators.

Methods
Older adults (n = 2 125, 71–82 years, 51% female, 37% Black) completed an odor identification task at Year 3 (our study baseline) of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Cognitive assessments, depressive symptoms, and inflammatory markers were ascertained across multiple visits over 8 years. Discrete-time complementary log-log models, group-based trajectory models, and multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression were employed to assess the relationship between baseline olfaction and incident depression and longitudinal depression trajectories. Mediation analysis assessed the influence of cognitive status on these relationships.

Results
Individuals with lower olfaction had an increased risk of developing significant depressive symptoms at follow-up (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.08). Of the 3 patterns of longitudinal depression scores identified (stable low, stable moderate, and stable high), poorer olfaction was associated with a 6% higher risk of membership in the stable moderate (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10)/stable high (RRR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) groups, compared to the stable low group. Poor cognitive status, but not inflammation, partially mediated the relationship between olfactory performance and incident depression symptom severity.

Conclusions
Suboptimal olfaction could serve as a prognostic indicator of vulnerability for the development of late-life depression. These findings underscore the need for a greater understanding of olfaction in late-life depression and the demographic, cognitive, and biological factors that influence these relationships over time.
A non-coding insertional mutation ofGrhl2causes gene over-expression and multiple structural anomalies including cleft palate, spina bifida and encephalocele
Authors: Crane-Smith Zoe , De Castro Sandra C P , Nikolopoulou Evanthia , Wolujewicz Paul , Smedley Damian , Lei Yunping , Mather Emma , Santos Chloe , Hopkinson Mark , Pitsillides Andrew A ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Finnell Richard H , Ross M Elisabeth , Copp Andrew J , Greene Nicholas D E 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrofacial clefts, including cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital anomalies, but knowledge of the genetic basis of these conditions remains incomplete. The extent to which genetic risk factors are shared between CL/P, NTDs and related anomalies is also unclear. While identification of causative genes has largely focused on coding and loss of function mutations, it is hypothesized that regulatory mutations account for a portion of the unidentified heritability. We found that excess expression of Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) causes not only spinal NTDs in Axial defects (Axd) mice but also multiple additional defects affecting the cranial region. These include orofacial clefts comprising midline cleft lip and palate and abnormalities of the craniofacial bones and frontal and/or basal encephalocele, in which brain tissue herniates through the cranium or into the nasal cavity. To investigate the causative mutation in the Grhl2Axd strain, whole genome sequencing identified an approximately 4 kb LTR retrotransposon insertion that disrupts the non-coding regulatory region, lying approximately 300 base pairs upstream of the 5’ UTR. This insertion also lies within a predicted long non-coding RNA, oriented on the reverse strand, which like Grhl2 is over-expressed in Axd (Grhl2Axd) homozygous mutant embryos. Initial analysis of the GRHL2 upstream region in individuals with NTDs or cleft palate revealed rare or novel variants in a small number of cases. We hypothesize that mutations affecting the regulation of GRHL2 may contribute to craniofacial anomalies and NTDs in humans.
Comprehensive analysis of autophagic functions of WIPI family proteins and their implications for the pathogenesis of β-propeller associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Tamura Norito , Nishimura Taki , Saito Chieko , Yamamoto Hayashi , Mizushima Noboru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
β-propellers that bind polyphosphoinositides (PROPPINs) are an autophagy-related protein family conserved throughout eukaryotes. The PROPPIN family includes Atg18, Atg21 and Hsv2 in yeast and WD-repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides (WIPI)1–4 in mammals. Mutations in the WIPI genes are associated with human neuronal diseases, including β-propeller associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) caused by mutations in WDR45 (encoding WIPI4). In contrast to yeast PROPPINs, the functions of mammalian WIPI1–WIPI4 have not been systematically investigated. Although the involvement of WIPI2 in autophagy has been clearly shown, the functions of WIPI1, WIPI3 and WIPI4 in autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the roles of WIPI proteins by using WIPI-knockout (single, double and quadruple knockout) HEK293T cells and recently developed HaloTag-based reporters, which enable us to monitor autophagic flux sensitively and quantitatively. We found that WIPI2 was nearly essential for autophagy. Autophagic flux was unaffected or only slightly reduced by single deletion of WIPI3 (encoded by WDR45B) or WIPI4 but was profoundly reduced by double deletion of WIPI3 and WIPI4. Furthermore, we revealed variable effects of BPAN-related missense mutations on the autophagic activity of WIPI4. BPAN is characterized by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative abnormalities, and we found a possible association between the magnitude of the defect of the autophagic activity of WIPI4 mutants and the severity of neurodevelopmental symptoms. However, some of the BPAN-related missense mutations, which produce neurodegenerative signs, showed almost normal autophagic activity, suggesting that non-autophagic functions of WIPI4 may be related to neurodegeneration in BPAN.
Pre-entry knowledge base complexity and post-entry growth: evidence from Italian firms
Authors: Guerzoni Marco , Nuccio Massimiliano , Tamagni Federico 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Knowledge is largely recognized as a key driver of survival and growth of new entrants. Previous literature on the role of pre-entry knowledge in post-entry performance has focused on entrepreneurial and managerial capabilities and education and on knowledge incorporated in material and immaterial resources. In this paper, taking to the firm level the intuition behind the notion of economic and technological complexity of countries, we hypothesize that post-entry performance of new firms may be explained by their knowledge base complexity, which captures the reinforcing mechanism between variety and creation of new valuable knowledge. We provide a measure of firm-level complexity derived from the analysis of textual content of patents and exploit it to examine the empirical relation between pre-entry complexity of knowledge and post-entry growth in a sample of Italian firms entering the market in 2009-2011. Baseline results show a significant and positive association between knowledge complexity and post-entry growth, even after controlling for firm characteristics and year, sector, and region fixed effects. Robustness analysis reveals that this positive effect is more significant over the medium run than in the initial years after entry, while relatively weaker for the so-called Innovative Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises.
A study on the perioperative effects of obesity on minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting and its surgical techniques
Authors: Liu Jia-Ji , Liang Lin , Kong Qing-Yu , Ma Xiao-Long , Chi Li-Qun , Lai Yong-Qiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to discuss the perioperative effects of obesity on minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its surgical techniques.

METHODS
A total of 582 patients with multivessel lesion who underwent off-pump CABG by our medical group of Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2017 and January 2021 were divided into the minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) group and the conventional group (median sternotomy) according to the surgical method used. The body mass index of the patients was calculated, based on which both groups were divided into obese (≥28 kg/m2) and non-obese subgroups (&lt;28 kg/m2). First, the perioperative data of the obese subgroups of both MICS and conventional groups were compared. Second, the obese and non-obese subgroups were compared in the MICS group.

RESULTS
Despite a higher proportion of diabetes in the MICS group, there was no significant difference in preoperative baseline nor in the incidence of major complications within 30 days after surgery between obese subgroups of the MICS and conventional groups. The MICS group had a significantly lower rate of poor wound healing, along with a higher predischarge Barthel Index. Also, the preoperative baseline between the obese and non-obese subgroups of the MICS group exhibited no statistical differences. The obese subgroup had longer postoperative ventilator assistance, while other intraoperative data and postoperative observation indexes exhibited no significant differences.

CONCLUSIONS
MICS CABG method is safe and feasible for obese patients with multivessel lesion. Minimally invasive surgery is beneficial to wound healing in obese patients. However, it requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and adequate surgical experience and skills.
Predicting the death of patients with anti-melanoma differentiation–associated protein-5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Baolu , Liu Suying , Qian Zhenbei , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the risk factors for death in anti-melanoma differentiation–associated protein-5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods
Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models.

Results
Twenty studies were selected. Factors that may increase death risk included older age (SMD: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42–0.81), elevated Krebs von den Lungen-6 (SMD: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47–0.86), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72–1.02), C-reactive protein (SMD: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44–0.80), ferritin (SMD: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.71–1.15), creatine kinase (SMD: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13–0.44), neutrophil (SMD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.04–0.64), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (SMD: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.24–0.79), aspartate aminotransferase (SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45–0.94), shorter disease duration (SMD: −0.44, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.21), rapidly progressive ILD (RR: 4.08, 95% CI: 3.01–5.54), fever (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46–2.69), dyspnoea (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.32–2.02), and anti-Ro52 antibody positive (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11–1.49). Female (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.94), increased albumin (SMD: −1.20, 95% CI: −1.76 to −0.64), lymphocyte (SMD: −0.49, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.30), and arthralgia (RR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37–0.78) were protective factors.

Conclusion
Older age, shorter disease duration, rapidly progressive ILD, fever, dyspnoea, anti-Ro52 antibody positive, and some inflammatory markers were risk factors for death in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation–associated protein-5-positive dermatomyositis-associated ILD.
Transitioning to Dolutegravir in a Programmatic Setting: Virological Outcomes and Associated Factors Among Treatment-Naive Patients With HIV-1 in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Ntamatungiro Alex J , Eichenberger Anna , Okuma James , Vanobberghen Fiona , Ndege Robert , Kimera Namvua , Francis Joel M , Kagura Juliana , Weisser Maja ,   for the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) Study Group
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Virological outcome data after programmatic transition from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based to dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) outside of clinical trials are scarce. We compared viral suppression and associated factors in treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLHIV) starting DTG- based versus NNRTI-based ART.

Methods
We compared virological suppression at 12 months, after treatment initiation in the two cohorts of participants aged ≥15 years, initiating DTG- and NNRTI-based ART. Drug resistance was assessed among participants with viremia ≥50 copies/mL on DTG.

Results
Viral suppression was achieved for 165/195 (85%) and 154/211 (73%) participants in the DTG- and NNRTI- cohorts, respectively (P = 0.003). DTG-based ART was associated with &gt;2 times the odds of viral suppression versus NNRTI-based ART (adjusted odds ratio, 2.10 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.12–3.94]; adjusted risk ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.00–1.24]). HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing (GRT) before ART initiation was done in 14 of 30 viremic participants on DTG, among whom nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), NNRTI, and protease inhibitors resistance was detected in 0 (0%), 2 (14%) and 1 (7%), respectively. No resistance was found in the 2 of 30 participants with available GRT at the time of viremia ≥50 copies/mL.

Conclusions
Virological suppression at 1 year was higher in participants initiating DTG- versus NNRTI-based ART. In those with viremia ≥50 copies/mL on DTG-based ART, there was no pretreatment or acquired resistance to the DTG co-administered NRTIs, although the number of samples tested was small.
Strawson’s Account of Morality and its Implications for Central Themes in ‘Freedom and Resentment’
Authors: De Mesel Benjamin , Cuypers Stefaan E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We argue that P. F. Strawson's hugely influential account of moral responsibility in ‘Freedom and Resentment’ (FR) is inextricably bound up with his barely known account of morality in ‘Social Morality and Individual Ideal’ (SMII). Reading FR through the lens of SMII has at least three far-reaching implications. First, the ethics–morality distinction in SMII gives content to Strawson's famous distinction between personal and moral reactive attitudes, which has often been thought to be a merely formal distinction. Second, the ethics–morality distinction sheds light on the scope of moral responsibility in FR, which is narrower than commentators think. Third, Strawson's discussion of morality shows that he was not insensitive to issues of power, as several critics have claimed. The link between morality and power helps to make clear that Strawson allows for criticism of our moral responsibility practices.
Associations Between Childhood Area-Level Social Fragmentation, Maladaptation to School, and Social Functioning Among Healthy Youth and Those at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Ku Benson S , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E , Cadenhead Kristin S , Cannon Tyrone D , Compton Michael T , Cornblatt Barbara A , Druss Benjamin G , Gülöksüz Sinan , Mathalon Daniel H , Perkins Diana O , Tsuang Ming T , Walker Elaine F , Woods Scott W , Carrión Ricardo E 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisAlthough studies have identified social fragmentation as an important risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, it is unknown whether it may impact social functioning. This study investigates whether social fragmentation during childhood predicts maladaptation to school as well as social functioning during childhood and adulthood.Study DesignData were collected from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Participants included adults at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and healthy comparisons (HC). Maladaptation to school and social functioning during childhood were assessed retrospectively and social functioning in adulthood was assessed at baseline.Study ResultsGreater social fragmentation during childhood was associated with greater maladaptation to school (adjusted β = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.40). Social fragmentation was not associated with social functioning during childhood (unadjusted β = −0.08; 95% CI: −0.31 to 0.15). However, greater social fragmentation during childhood predicted poorer social functioning in adulthood (adjusted β = −0.43; 95% CI: −0.79 to −0.07). Maladaptation to school mediated 15.7% of the association between social fragmentation and social functioning. The association between social fragmentation and social functioning was stronger among adults at CHR-P compared to HC (adjusted β = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.82 to −0.02).ConclusionsThis study finds that social fragmentation during childhood is associated with greater maladaptation to school during childhood, which in turn predicts poorer social functioning in adulthood. Further research is needed to disentangle aspects of social fragmentation that may contribute to social deficits, which would have implications for the development of effective interventions at the individual and community levels.
Perioperative anaphylaxis: when the allergological work-up goes negative
Authors: Mertes Paul-Michel , Tacquard Charles 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Perioperative anaphylaxis (POA) is rare but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients are referred to the allergist to identify the mechanism of the reaction, the causative agent and make recommendations regarding subsequent anaesthesia. Despite a well conducted allergological evaluation, the causative agent is not found in 30–60% of these reactions, leaving patients without a well established diagnosis.

Recent findings
Several mechanisms can induce POA. In addition to the well known IgE-mediated reactions, IgG-mediated reaction, MRGPR-X2-related reaction or nonspecific histamine release may be involved. These situations are not easily assessed by the allergological workup.

Summary
When the allergological workup is negative, the situation should be reassessed with the team present at the time of the reaction to confirm the reality of the hypersensitivity reaction and to search for a possible differential diagnosis. If POA is confirmed, the allergological evaluation should be repeated, ensuring proper execution according to current guidelines and including the search for hidden allergens. Specific IgE assays or basophil activation tests may be of interest. In case of negative results, a closely monitored drug challenge test, in coordination with the anaesthesia teams, may be useful to avoid the exclusion of any drug injected during the reaction.
Drug allergy in primary care: systematic review to support quality improvement initiative of management and optimization of healthcare pathways
Authors: Gaudin Clara , Ryan Dermot , Demoly Pascal , Tanno Luciana Kase 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to review the practice of general practitioners (GPs) in regard to the diagnosis and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to identify major challenges and to facilitate the development of decision support tools to GPs confronted with DHRs patients.

Recent findings
DHRs are still a challenge in the GPs clinical practice, which implies difficulties in clinical decisions and referral to allergy specialists.

Summary
DHRs can range from mild to severe and even life-threatening. Drugs are the main cause of anaphylaxis deaths in most countries. Most DHRs are firstly seen by GPs, paediatricians or emergency doctors. However, our systematic review demonstrated difficulties in differentiating DHRs from other drug side effects. Most DHRs epidemiological data are from hospital and emergency departments, which may not reflect the real-life experience in primary care. GPs should be aware of the alert signs of DHRs: the involvement of other systems beyond the skin and/or atypical skin/ mucosal involvement, which mandated immediate referral to an emergency department. Data still stress difficulties in the recognition of DHRs clinical manifestations and highlight the need for decision aids to support their management by GPs. Structured clinical history and clinical examination are key diagnostic tools. Reasons for referring to allergy specialists based on the literature are to investigate cause, to undergo specific procedure, such as desensitization and to identify well tolerated, alternative drugs.
Association of ambient air pollution and cardiovascular symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Liu Fangchao , Liu Hanrui , Huang Sihan , Lu Xiangfeng , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disease burden globally. Previous studies have suggested that air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular symptoms, however, the results are controversial. Thus, we conducted this study to systematically review available evidence quantifying the relationship between exposure to ambient gaseous and particulate air pollutants and cardiovascular symptoms.

Methods:
Three databases were searched up to September 10, 2022, for articles investigating the association of air pollutants including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤10 μm and ≤2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5) with cardiovascular symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, respiratory distress, and palpitation. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for chest pain in association with PM2.5. Egger test was used to assess publication bias in the included studies.

Results:
Of the 16 studies that were included in the systematic review, 10 were used to calculate the pooled OR for chest pain. Most of them were from developed countries, where air pollution levels were relatively low. Short-term exposure to air pollutants may increase the risk of chest pain, with the pooled OR 1.016 (95% CI 1.003–1.030) per 10 μg/m³ increment of PM2.5.

Conclusions:
Air pollution is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular symptoms, especially chest pain. However, most current studies are conducted in low-pollution regions. More studies from high-pollution regions are needed to confirm the role of ambient air pollution in cardiovascular symptoms and reveal the underlying health effects.