bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The state of global research on poverty after SDG declaration
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Amzat Jimoh , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoverty is a significant global problem which can hinder the attainment of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Poverty reduction or elimination requires adequate scientific or research contributions, creating socio‐scientific frames that could inform relevant stakeholders in policy planning, implementation and evaluation. This study aims to review the state of global research on poverty (2016 and upwards), since the UN's declaration of SDGs in 2015.MethodsThis study adopted a bibliometric review design. On 31 May 2022, a systematic SCOPUS‐based search was conducted to retrieve all journal papers published on poverty (2016 till 31 May 2022). The bibliometric data of the retrieved papers were analysed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software.ResultA total of 15,143 journal papers on poverty were retrieved, of which 91.2% were published in English, whereas slightly more than half (52.9%) were published in the social sciences. Although all regions of the world sourced journal papers on poverty, however, countries from the Global North, particularly the USA and the United Kingdom, dominated other countries in terms of authorship, funding and institutional affiliations. Among Global South countries, China leads in terms of authorship, funding and institutional affiliations. South America and Africa contributed the smallest volume of journal papers on poverty.ConclusionThere exist global inequalities in research productivity on poverty. The global poverty problem skews to the Global South, but the scientific contributions flow from the Global North. There is a need to narrow the existing inequality gaps in the research productivity on poverty through North–South synergetic research collaborations.
Exploration of in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: Verma Ashish , Rai Nilesh , Gupta Priyamvada , Singh Swati , Tiwari Harshita , Chauhan Shashi Bhushan , Kailashiya Vikas , Gautam Vibhav 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFungal endophytes have established new paradigms in the area of biomedicine due to their ability to produce metabolites of pharmacological importance. The present study reports the in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum and their chemical profiling through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis. Treatment of the EA extract of P. oxalicum to the selected human breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7) leads to the reduced glucose uptake and increased nitric oxide production suggesting the cytotoxic activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum. Our results further show that treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum attenuates the colony number, cell migration ability and alters nuclear morphology in both the human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum mediates apoptosis by increasing the expression of BAX, P21, FADD, and CASPASE‐8 genes, with increased Caspase‐3 activity. Additionally, in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum leads to antiangiogenic activity with perturbed formation of blood vessels. Overall, our findings suggest that the EA extract of P. oxalicum show in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell lines, and in ovo antiangiogenic activity in CAM model.
Proposed SAR range focusing algorithm based on simulation analysis and SDR implementation
Authors: Ashry Mohamed Mamdouh , Mashaly Ahmed S. , Sheta Bassem I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging systems use pulse focusing techniques for achieving fine range resolution and large range detection. Stretch processing and correlation pulse focusing techniques are the most popular algorithms used in the radar signal processing stage. The architecture of the stretch processing technique makes it commonly used in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar systems due to its simple architecture, low sampling rate, and inexpensive hardware. This paper discusses how the stretch range focusing approach can be used instead of the matched filter technique in the processing stage of the SAR Range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) to generate images of finer resolution and higher quality. In addition, validating the proposed algorithm and evaluating its performance according to some evaluation indices such as peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR), integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR), and the impulse response width (IRW). Also, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis and hardware implementation of the two SAR algorithms, based on software-defined radio (SDR) architecture where it is characterized by less complexity, low cost, and high flexibility due to the usage of both software data processing and software waveform generation. Two Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP-2932) and NI-LabVIEW® software development environment are the platforms used for the hardware validation process. The transmitted waveform is a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal generated by the first USRP (transmitter) which will hit a target located at a certain distance. The second USRP is used as a receiver for target’s echo processing and detection. This processing stage contains two architectures, which are the matched filter pulse compression architecture and the stretch range focusing approach. Finally, the validation process of the hardware results is performed based on the pre-mentioned evaluation indices.
The Psychological World of Highly Gifted Young Adults: a Follow-up Study
Authors: Pinxten W. L. Frumau-van , Derksen J. J. L. , Peters W. A. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this exploratory qualitative case study, in-depth interviews were held with seven highly gifted young adults (27–28 years). Thematic analyses of the interviews revealed salient constellations of meaning: an “internal motor”—a metaphor for an internal strength, a strong drive to grow, learn and develop, driven by their curiosity, a lack of goodness of fit (for the school years up, until the college years), feeling “not okay to be me”, existential loneliness, stress due to multi-potentiality, perfectionism, and spiritual needs (e.g., freedom to choose their own path). Based on the answers of the participants, greater attention and support seem to be needed for the holistic development of (highly) gifted students throughout their school careers. The findings suggest that attention should be paid to stimulating their cognitive development as well as their social, emotional, and spiritual development.
Effective Concept Classes of PAC and PACi Incomparable Degrees, Joins and Embedding of Degrees
Authors: Senadheera Dodamgodage Gihanee M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning is a machine learning model introduced by Leslie Valiant in 1984. The PACi reducibility refers to the PAC reducibility independent of size and computation time. This reducibility in PAC learning resembles the reducibility in Turing computability. The ordering of concept classes under PAC reducibility is nonlinear, even when restricted to particular concrete examples.Due to the resemblance to Turing Reducibility, we suspected that there could be incomparable PACi and PAC degrees for the PACi and PAC reducibilities as in Turing incomparable degrees. In 1957 Friedberg and in 1956 Muchnik independently solved the Post problem by constructing computably enumerable sets A and B of incomparable degrees using the priority construction method. We adapt this idea to PACi and PAC reducibilities and construct two effective concept classes C and D such that C is not reducible to D and vice versa. When considering PAC reducibility it was necessary to work on the size of an effective concept class, thus we use Kolmogorov complexity to obtain the size. The non-learnability of concept classes in the PAC learning model is explained by the existence of PAC incomparable degrees.Analogous to the Turing jump, we give a jump operation on effective concept classes for the zero jump. To define the zero jump operator for PACi degrees the join of all the effective concept classes is constructed and proved that it is a greatest element. There are many properties proven for existing degrees. Thus we can explore proving those properties to PACi and PAC degrees. But if we prove an embedding from those degrees to PACi and PAC degrees then those properties will be true for PACi and PAC degrees without explicitly proving them.Abstract prepared by Dodamgodage Gihnee M. Senadheera and taken directly from the thesisE-mail: senadheerad@winthrop.eduURL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2717762461/abstract/ACD19F29A8774AF6PQ/1?accountid=13864
Around Exponential-Algebraic Closedness
Authors: Gallinaro Francesco Paolo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present some results related to Zilber’s Exponential-Algebraic Closedness Conjecture, showing that various systems of equations involving algebraic operations and certain analytic functions admit solutions in the complex numbers. These results are inspired by Zilber’s theorems on raising to powers.We show that algebraic varieties which split as a product of a linear subspace of an additive group and an algebraic subvariety of a multiplicative group intersect the graph of the exponential function, provided that they satisfy Zilber’s freeness and rotundity conditions, using techniques from tropical geometry.We then move on to prove a similar theorem, establishing that varieties which split as a product of a linear subspace and a subvariety of an abelian variety A intersect the graph of the exponential map of A (again under the analogues of the freeness and rotundity conditions). The proof uses homology and cohomology of manifolds.Finally, we show that the graph of the modular j-function intersects varieties which satisfy freeness and broadness and split as a product of a Möbius subvariety of a power of the upper-half plane and a complex algebraic variety, using Ratner’s orbit closure theorem to study the images under j of Möbius varieties.Abstract prepared by Francesco Paolo GallinaroE-mail: francesco.gallinaro@mathematik.uni-freiburg.deURL: https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/31077/
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on a national project preventing healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units
Authors: Tuma Paula , Vieira Júnior José M. , Ribas Elenara , Silva Karen C. C. D. , Gushken Andrea K. F. , Torelly Ethel M. S. , de Moura Rafaela M. , Tavares Bruno M. , Prandini Cristiana M. , Borem Paulo , Delgado Pedro , Ue Luciana Y. , de Barros Claudia G. , Vernal Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeginning in 2018, a quality improvement collaborative initiative in Brazil successfully reduced the baseline incidence density of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care settings after 2 years. We describe the adaptations of the quality improvement interventions as the COVID-19 pandemic emerged and how the pandemic affected the project outcomes.
Learning how to reason and deciding when to decide
Authors: Braem Senne , Held Leslie , Shenhav Amitai , Frömer Romy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Research on human reasoning has both popularized and struggled with the idea that intuitive and deliberate thoughts stem from two different systems, raising the question how people switch between them. Inspired by research on cognitive control and conflict monitoring, we argue that detecting the need for further thought relies on an intuitive, context-sensitive process that is learned in itself.
Could Bayesian cognitive science undermine dual-process theories of reasoning?
Authors: Oaksford Mike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Computational-level models proposed in recent Bayesian cognitive science predict both the “biased” and correct responses on many tasks. So, rather than possessing two reasoning systems, people can generate both possible responses within a single system. Consequently, although an account of why people make one response rather than another is required, dual processes of reasoning may not be.
The realities of Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada
Authors: Coelho Ramona , Maher John , Gaind K. Sonu , Lemmens Trudo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2015, the Canadian Supreme Court declared that an absolute Criminal Code prohibition on assisted suicide and euthanasia was unconstitutional. In response, the Canadian parliament enacted Bill C-14 in 2016 permitting assisted suicide and euthanasia for the end-of-life context, which it termed “Medical Assistance in Dying” (MAiD). In 2021, Bill C-7 expanded eligibility for MAiD to those with disabilities not approaching their natural death. By 2021, MAiD accounted for 3.3% of all deaths in Canada with some areas of Canada presently reporting MAiD death rates upward of 7%. In 2021, Canada had 10,064 deaths by MAiD, surpassing all jurisdictions for yearly reported assisted deaths.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of the Canadian MAiD program and analyze its safeguards.MethodsA working group of physicians from diverse practice backgrounds and a legal expert, several with bioethics expertise, reviewed Canadian MAiD data and case reports. Grey literature was also considered, including fact-checked and reliable Canadian mainstream newspapers and parliamentary committee hearings considering the expansion of MAiD.ResultsSeveral scientific studies and reviews, provincial and correctional system authorities have identified issues with MAiD practice. As well, there is a growing accumulation of narrative accounts detailing people getting MAiD due to suffering associated with a lack of access to medical, disability, and social support.Significance of resultsThe Canadian MAiD regime is lacking the safeguards, data collection, and oversight necessary to protect Canadians against premature death. The authors have identified these policy gaps and used MAiD cases to illustrate these findings.
The 2022 Political Declaration on the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas: A tool for protecting the environment in armed conflict?
Authors: Bagshaw Simon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn November 2022, eighty-three States endorsed the Political Declaration on Strengthening the Protection of Civilians from the Humanitarian Consequences Arising from the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas (Political Declaration). The Political Declaration is a new and significant development in the long-standing and ongoing efforts to protect civilians from the use of explosive weapons in populated areas – an issue which has been of growing concern for a number of states, the United Nations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and civil society for more than a decade.The use of explosive weapons in populated areas has been documented to result in widespread civilian deaths and injuries as well as longer-term harm to civilians resulting from damage to or the destruction of hospitals, water and sanitation systems and electrical power grids. Although less researched, the use of explosive weapons in populated areas also plays a prominent role in damaging and destroying the environment in situations of armed conflict.This article examines the potential of the new Political Declaration for strengthening the protection of the environment. An express reference to the environment, and the impact of explosive weapons thereon, exists only in the Declaration's preamble, but the lack of express references to the environment in the Declaration's operative commitments does not mean it lacks potential as a tool for strengthening the protection of the environment. On the contrary, the preambular reference provides an important basis on which to argue that the armed forces of endorsing States must consider the protection of the environment in their efforts to implement a number of the Declaration's key operational commitments.
Tracking Moisture Sources of Precipitation Over China
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Xiaomang , Zhang Dan , Bai Peng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMoisture of precipitation originates from terrestrial and oceanic evaporation through atmospheric transport. Understanding the contributions from different moisture sources to precipitation is essential for the hydrologic study. China is the world's third largest country in terms of land area and has contributed 25% of the global net increase in vegetation leaf area since 2000. Thus, it provides a good platform to understand the contributions from different moisture sources to precipitation and how increasing vegetation greenness affects precipitation trends. In this study, we investigated the moisture sources of precipitation and their changes in China during 1980–2018 based on the UTrack moisture recycling data set. We found that 47.3% of the moisture was from oceanic evaporation, and 52.7% was from terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET). For the moisture from terrestrial ET, 33.0% was from vegetation transpiration. The observed annual precipitation showed a significant increasing trend with 2.07 mm/year in China from 1980 to 2018. Increasing moisture from oceanic evaporation contributed the most to the increasing precipitation trend (0.98 mm/year), followed by the increasing moisture from vegetation transpiration (0.72 mm/year) and other terrestrial evaporation (0.37 mm/year). The increasing contribution of vegetation transpiration from China was comparable with that from neighboring countries (0.37 vs. 0.35 mm/year). The increasing moisture from vegetation transpiration could be due to the nationwide afforestation projects in China since 1999. The results provide a reference for understanding changes in precipitation and hydrologic processes.
A Functionalized Monte Carlo 3D Radiative Transfer Model: Radiative Effects of Clouds Over Reflecting Surfaces
Authors: Villefranque Najda , Barker Howard W. , Cole Jason N. S. , Qu Zhipeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the Earth Sciences, the 3D radiative transfer equation is often solved for by Monte Carlo (MC) methods. They can, however, be computationally taxing, and that can narrow their range of application and limit their use in explorations of model parameter spaces. A novel family of MC algorithms is investigated here in which single simulations provide estimates of both radiative quantities A for a set of parameters , as usual, as well as the overarching functional (x) that can be evaluated, extremely efficiently, at any x. One such algorithm is developed and demonstrated for horizontally averaged broadband solar radiative fluxes as functions of surface albedo for uniform Lambertian surfaces beneath inhomogeneous cloudy atmospheres. Simulations for a high‐resolution synthetic cloud field, at various solar zenith angles, illustrate the potential of the method to gain insights into the nature of 3D radiative effects for complicated atmosphere‐surface conditions using information specially derived from the MC simulation. For simulations performed with a single surface albedo it is found that as surface albedo increases, 3D radiative effects increase, too, with maxima occurring at middling to large values, and then decrease. By utilizing the derived coefficients that describe it was established that these 3D effects stem from differences in fractions of radiation entrapped at successive orders of internal multiple reflections for 1D and 3D transfer.
The effect of long-term cigarette smoking on selected skin barrier proteins and lipids
Authors: Hergesell Kristýna , Paraskevopoulou Anna , Opálka Lukáš , Velebný Vladimír , Vávrová Kateřina , Dolečková Iva 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe negative impact of cigarette smoking on the skin includes accelerated aging, pigmentation disorders, and impaired wound healing, but its effect on the skin barrier is not completely understood. Here, we studied the changes in selected epidermal proteins and lipids between smokers (45–66 years, smoking > 10 years, > 10 cigarettes per day) and non-smokers. Volar forearm epidermal and stratum corneum samples, obtained by suction blister and tape stripping, respectively, showed increased thickness in smokers. In the epidermis of smokers, we observed a significant upregulation of filaggrin, loricrin, and a trend of increased involucrin but no differences were found in the case of transglutaminase 1 and kallikrein-related peptidase 7, on the gene and protein levels. No significant changes were observed in the major skin barrier lipids, except for increased cholesterol sulfate in smokers. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed shorter acyl chains in ceramides, and an increased proportion of sphingosine and 6-hydroxysphingosine ceramides (with C4 trans-double bond) over dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine ceramides in smokers, suggesting altered desaturase 1 activity. Smokers had more ordered lipid chains found by infrared spectroscopy. In conclusion, cigarette smoking perturbs the homeostasis of the barrier proteins and lipids even at a site not directly exposed to smoke.
Development of a fast and precise potency test for BCG vaccine viability using flow cytometry compared to MTT and colony-forming unit assays
Authors: Moghawry Hend M. , Rashed Mohamed E. , Gomaa Kareeman , AbdelGhani Sameh , Dishisha Tarek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a precarious world of rapidly growing pandemics, the field of vaccine production has witnessed considerable growth. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated vaccine and a part of the immunization program in 157 countries. The quality control is based on a potency test through viable cell enumeration. The colony-forming unit (CFU) assay is the official method, however, it often yields fluctuating results, suffers from medium cracking, and requires lengthy analysis (~ 28 days). Flow cytometric analysis was proposed earlier, but it was coupled with a Coulter counter for measuring the entire bacterial population (live/dead). In the present study, thiazole orange/propidium iodide dyes supplemented with fluorogenic reference beads were employed for viable counting, eliminating the need for a Coulter counter. Both the flow cytometry and the colorimetric technique employing tetrazolium salt were validated and compared to the CFU assay. The colorimetric assay displayed high precision, accuracy, and a strong positive correlation with the CFU assay. The flow cytometry assay demonstrated high precision and a notable ability to distinguish different forms of BCG cells (live, injured, and dead). It also exhibited a perfect positive correlation with the CFU assay. Both methods reduced the analysis time by > 26 days and eliminated the need for human intervention by automating the test.
Neither “Big” Nor “Data”
Authors: Watson William 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins to sketch some potential upshots of a more regularized dialogue between music scholarship and critical data studies. Following a discussion of key terminological and methodological insights from critical data studies, it explores their ramifications for music scholars through a case study, analyzing several Web-accessible databases implemented to facilitate computational work with medieval European musics. The chapter concludes by leveraging the surprising role that music has to play in one publication associated with critical data studies to suggest how scholars of music might stand to make significant contributions to this rapidly developing field.