bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compton scattering geometry: a tool to study radiation interaction characteristics of rare earth compounds doped in low-Z organic compound
Authors: Singh Mohinder , Tondon Akash , Sandhu Balvir S. , Singh Bhajan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present measurements comprise of Compton scattering technique at six energies from 0.242 MeV to 0.402 MeV (not available from conventional radioisotopes) by scattering of primary gamma photon beam of 0.662 MeV energy from cylindrical aluminium target at different scattering angles. Two inorganic (rare-earth) compounds, Lanthanum (3+) nitrate hexahydrate and Samarium (3+) nitrate hexahydrate in a Low-Z organic solvent (acetone), have shown certain radiation interaction characteristics are the subject of study. The collimated beam of scattered gamma rays impinges on the plastic container having solution of rare earth compounds in the acetone of different concentrations. The transmitted gamma ray beam is detected by a well-collimated 2″ × 2″ NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and is analysed by a PC-based ORTEC Mastero-32 MCA. Attenuation coefficients along with some shielding parameters i.e. molar extinction coefficients, half value layer, tenth value layer and mean free path are evaluated. Besides this, Computed Tomography numbers and photon interaction cross-sections (photoelectric, coherent and incoherent) are also determined. The measured values of these parameters are compared with WinXCom software package’s values and are found to be in good agreement. The available data on rare earth salts’ solutions, in the current measurements, is scientifically important in nuclear and radiation physics, bridging the gap in which radiation workers do not have access to such data.
Hybrid magnesium matrix composites: A review of reinforcement philosophies, mechanical and tribological characteristics
Authors: Khatkar Sandeep Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Magnesium hybrid composites are a new class of lightweight metal matrix composites having excellent physical, mechanical, wear and corrosive properties. Hybrid magnesium matrix composites are fabricated using different combinations of reinforcements having basics properties like wear resistance and high strength of ceramics, self-lubricating of graphite, MoS2, CNT, and graphene, high thermal conductivity of carbon, diamond, and cubic boron nitride, and low cost of fly ash. This article presents an overview of different combinations of reinforcements used for fabrication of hybrid magnesium matrix composites and their effects on the mechanical and tribological properties of the hybrid materials. The major issues like agglomeration, interfacial phenomena, reinforcement–matrix bonding, and problems related to uniform distribution of particles are discussed in this article. Magnesium hybrid composites have the potential of satisfying the recent demands of aerospace, automobile, biomedical, defense, marine, and electronics industries. The future directions and potential research areas in the field of magnesium hybrid composites are also highlighted.
The SCALEX facility – an apparatus for scaled fluid dynamical experiments
Authors: Sharifi Ghazijahani Mohammad , Kästner Christian , Valori Valentina , Thieme Alexander , Täschner Kerstin , Schumacher Jörg , Cierpka Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The working conditions of the Scaled Convective Airflow Laboratory Experiment (SCALEX) at Technische Universität Ilmenau and sample experiments are reported. The SCALEX facility is a pressure vessel which allows for downscaling of laboratory experiments up to a factor of 20 by compression of gaseous working fluids, air or sulfur hexafluoride, to change the material properties of the fluid. The requirements and conditions for downscaling of fluid dynamical problems are discussed in detail. Long-term high and low pressure tests are conducted to screen the stability of the experimental environment inside the vessel against pressure and temperature fluctuations. Finally, a Rayleigh–Bénard convection experiment at an aspect ratio 10 is performed inside the SCALEX facility as a proof of concept. The reference experiment was conducted under 4.5 bar pressure for Ra = 1.9 × 105. However, the Rayleigh number could be varied in a wide range of Ra = 104 … 108. The flow investigation was pursued with stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in horizontal mid-plane through the convection cell. To improve the image quality the cameras were placed inside the pressure cell and tested up to 6 bar. Thus the feasibility of optical flow measurements at elevated pressures is shown.
Time for Brexit? Temporalities in the 2019 UK European election campaign
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the importance of time in political discourse cannot be denied, few recent studies address the representation of time as a factor in election campaigns. This discourse analytical study focuses on the role of time in the campaign literature produced by the nine main parties in the 2019 EU election in the UK, which resulted in a landslide victory for the newly-formed Brexit Party. The corpus consisted of the manifestos or leaflets produced specifically for this election by the nine parties in question, amounting to 57,226 words. The timelines of the different parties are analysed, showing how the parties envisioned different timelines: some capitalized on public frustration by offering immediate satisfaction, while others legitimized their aspirations through timelines that reached across and beyond the uncertainties of the Brexit phase. Representations of linear time, cyclical time and radical rupture are contrasted, and the key significance of time in the populist performance of crisis is discussed.
A New Tool for Quantifying Mouse Facial Expressions
Authors: Le Moëne Olivia , Larsson Max 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFacial expressions are an increasingly used tool to assess emotional experience and affective state during experimental procedures in animal models. Previous studies have successfully related specific facial features with different positive and negative valence situations, most notably in relation to pain. However, characterizing and interpreting such expressions remains a major challenge. We identified seven easily visualizable facial parameters on mouse profiles, accounting for changes in eye, ear, mouth, snout and face orientation. We monitored their relative position on the face across time and throughout sequences of positive and aversive gustatory and somatosensory stimuli in freely moving mice. Facial parameters successfully captured response profiles to each stimulus and reflected spontaneous movements in response to stimulus valence, as well as contextual elements such as habituation. Notably, eye opening was increased by palatable tastants and innocuous touch, while this parameter was reduced by tasting a bitter solution and by painful stimuli. Mouse ear posture appears to convey a large part of emotional information. Facial expressions accurately depicted welfare and affective state in a time-sensitive manner, successfully correlating time-dependent stimulation. This study is the first to delineate rodent facial expression features in multiple positive valence situations, including in relation to affective touch. We suggest using this facial expression assay might provide mechanistic insights into emotional expression and improve the translational value of experimental studies in rodents on pain and other states.
Diminished Repetition Suppression Reveals Selective and Systems-Level Face Processing Differences in ASD
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Frosch Isabelle R. , Meisler Steven L. , Grotzinger Hannah , Perrachione Tyler K. , Gabrieli John D.E. 
Published: February 2023

Repeated exposure to a stimulus results in reduced neural response, or repetition suppression, in brain regions responsible for processing that stimulus. This rapid accommodation to repetition is thought to underlie learning, stimulus selectivity, and strengthening of perceptual expectations. Importantly, reduced sensitivity to repetition has been identified in several neurodevelopmental, learning, and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Reduced ability to exploit or learn from repetition in ASD is hypothesized to contribute to sensory hypersensitivities, and parallels several theoretical frameworks claiming that ASD individuals show difficulty using regularities in the environment to facilitate behavior. Using fMRI in autistic and neurotypical human adults (females and males), we assessed the status of repetition suppression across two modalities (vision, audition) and with four stimulus categories (faces, objects, printed words, and spoken words). ASD individuals showed domain-specific reductions in repetition suppression for face stimuli only, but not for objects, printed words, or spoken words. Reduced repetition suppression for faces was associated with greater challenges in social communication in ASD. We also found altered functional connectivity between atypically adapting cortical regions and higher-order face recognition regions, and microstructural differences in related white matter tracts in ASD. These results suggest that fundamental neural mechanisms and system-wide circuits are selectively altered for face processing in ASD and enhance our understanding of how disruptions in the formation of stable face representations may relate to higher-order social communication processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA common finding in neuroscience is that repetition results in plasticity in stimulus-specific processing regions, reflecting selectivity and adaptation (repetition suppression [RS]). RS is reduced in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Theoretical frameworks of ASD posit that reduced adaptation may contribute to associated challenges in social communication and sensory processing. However, the scope of RS differences in ASD is unknown. We examined RS for multiple categories across visual and auditory domains (faces, objects, printed words, spoken words) in autistic and neurotypical individuals. We found reduced RS in ASD for face stimuli only and altered functional connectivity and white matter microstructure between cortical face-recognition areas. RS magnitude correlated with social communication challenges among autistic individuals.
School Well-Being Dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kecenderungan Perundungan di Pesantren
Authors: Dewi Ismira , Purnamasari Alfi , Rahma Annisa 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara school well-being dan dukungan sosial dengan kecenderungan perundungan di Pesantren.Â Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis data analisis regresi berganda. Analisis data akan dilakukan dengan bantuan SPSS 16.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) terdapat hubungan yang siginifikan antara school well-being dan dukungan sosial dengan kecenderungan perundungan dengan koefisien regresi (R) sebesar 0,383 dan p=0,013 (p0,05). (2) Terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara school well-being dengan kecenderungan perundungan dengan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar -0,298 dan p=0,024 (p0,05). (3) Tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kecenderungan perundungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada hipotesis mayor menunjukan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara school well-being dan dukungan sosial dengan kecenderungan perundungan. Pada hipotesis minor pertama menunjukan ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara school well-being dengan kecenderungan perundungan dan pada hipotesis minor kedua menunjukan tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kecenderungan perundungan. Sumbangan efektif yang diberikan variabel school well-being dan variabel dukungan sosial dalam mempengaruhi variabel tergantung kecenderungan perundungan adalah sebesar 14,7%.Bullying cases often attract the attention of the education world, especially in the realm of Islamic boarding schools, which have complex patterns of interaction between students and their environment. This study aims to determine school well-being and social support with bullying tendencies in Islamic boarding schools. The research method in this study is the data analysis technique of multiple regression analysis. The results showed: (1) There was a significant relationship between school well-being and social support with bullying tendencies, the regression coefficient (R) was 0.383 and p=0.013 (p0.05). (2) There is a significant negative relationship between school well-being and bullying tendencies with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.298 and p=0.024 (p0.05). (3) There is no relationship between social support and bullying tendencies. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the major hypothesis shows that there is a significant relationship between school well-being and social support with bullying tendencies. The first minor hypothesis shows that there is a significant negative relationship between school well-being and bullying tendencies and the second minor hypothesis shows that there is no relationship between social support and bullying tendencies. The effective contribution given by the school well-being variable and the social support variable in influencing the dependent variable on bullying tendencies is 14.7%.
Low-moderate dietary phytoestrogens transiently disrupt spermatogenesis and the seminal plasma proteome in the ram
Authors: Pool Kelsey R , Kent Tayler C , Ding Luoyang , Connolly Callum , Foster Kevin J , Enkhbat Gereltsetseg , Ryan Megan H , Blache Dominique 
Published: February 2023

In brief
Dietary phytoestrogens disrupt a specific stage of ram spermatogenesis, causing subtle decreases in sperm quality by affecting the expression of pathways involved in the structural integrity of the spermatozoa. This paper demonstrates for the first time that ram reproduction is compromised by oestrogenic pasture, whilst also providing a longitudinal model for the impact of phytoestrogens on male fertility.

Abstract
Compounds with oestrogen-like actions are now common in both the Western diet. The long-term impacts and underlying mechanisms by which oestrogenic compounds alter male reproduction, however, are unclear. To investigate this, we used a longitudinal sheep model examining the impact of oestrogenic pasture consumption on semen quality and production, testicular size, sexual behaviour and the seminal plasma proteome of Merino rams (n = 20), over a full spermatogenic cycle and in the subsequent breeding season. Throughout the study period, sexual behaviour, sperm production and motility were similar between the exposed and non-exposed rams (P > 0.05). However, between 5 and 8 weeks of exposure to dietary phytoestrogens, rams produced a higher percentage of spermatozoa with a specific malformation of the sperm midpiece and reduced DNA integrity, compared to non-exposed rams (P < 0.001). Investigation into the seminal plasma proteome revealed 93 differentially expressed proteins between phytoestrogen-exposed and control rams (P < 0.05). Exposure to phytoestrogens increased the expression of proteins involved in cellular structure development, actin cytoskeleton reorganisation, regulation of cell function and decreased expression in those related to catabolic processes. The greatest fold changes were in proteins involved in the assembly of the sperm flagella, removal of cytoplasm, spermatid development and maintenance of DNA integrity. After returning to non-oestrogenic pasture, no differences in any measure were observed between treatment groups during the subsequent breeding season. We conclude that dietary phytoestrogens can transiently disrupt specific stages of ram spermatogenesis, causing subtle decreases in sperm quality by affecting the expression of pathways involved in the structural integrity of the spermatozoa.
Achievement of maximal SARS-CoV-2 collective immunity among the Tajik population by March 2022
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Smirnov V. S. , Egorova S. A. , Abdullozoda J. A. , Ruziev M. M. , Milichkina A. M. , Ivanov V. A. , Vokhidov S. D. , Ramsay E. S. , Mullodzhanova M. M. , Drozd I. V. , Holova B. T. , Krasnov A. A. , Jafarov N. D. , Zhimbaeva O. B. , Gubanova A. V. , Razumovskaya A. P. , Drobyshevskaya V. G. , Totolian A. A. 
Published: February 2023

Despite all efforts of the world community, the COVID-19 pandemic remains one of the main epidemiological challenges of our time. Even with its widespread distribution, the infection may have certain local features due to social, geographic, and climatic factors. Objective: to study collective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Republic of Tajikistan.A cross-sectional, randomized study of herd immunity was carried out according to a program developed by Rospotrebnadzor and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. The ethics committees of the corresponding entities approved the study: Tajik Ministry of Health and Social Protection; and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (Russia). Based on questionnaire results, 4,022 people were selected, representing 0.15% (95% CI: 0.14-0.15) of the total population randomized by age and region. In subsequent laboratory analysis, 3682 people took part. The distribution and quantitative content of antibodies (Abs) to viral nucleocapsid (N Ag) and receptor binding domain (RBD Ag) were determined by ELISA. When questioned, a history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was indicated by 69.7% (95% CI: 68.2-71.2) of the volunteer cohort. Vector vaccines were most frequently used (50.6%; 95% CI: 48.7-52.5), with whole-virion inactivated preparations in second place (23.0%: 95% CI: 21.4-26.6) and mRNA vaccines in third place (21.0%; 95% CI:19.4-22.6).The cohort (n = 3682) featured 27.5% men and 72.5% women. The overall seroprevalence was 98.5% (95% CI: 97.7-99.2) in men and 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0-99.6) in women (differences statistically insignificant). Overall seroprevalence in the cohort was 99.2% (95% CI: 98.8-99.4) and ranged from 97.2 to 100% in certain subgroups. Asymptomatic seropositivity in the whole cohort was 98.4% (95% CI: 97.6-99.1). As a result of a mandatory vaccination program introduced in Tajikistan under a COVID-19 Emergency Project, the level of herd immunity among vaccinated individuals reached 99.5% (95% CI: 99.1-99.7), which is similar to the level reached in the cohort as a whole.The epidemic situation that developed in Tajikistan by mid-March 2022 was characterized by an almost absolute level of herd immunity, as evidenced by an absence of detected overt COVID-19 cases since the end of February (2022).
Interrelations between viral load and cellular immunity in patients with COVID-19 of varying severity
Authors: Nikitin Yu. V. , Aleksandrova E. V. , Krivoruchko A. B. , Meshkova M. E. , Minaeva L. V. , Zhdanov K. V. , Artamonov A. A. , Kozlov K. V. , Ivanov A. M. , Maltsev O. V. , Ivanov K. S. , Lyashenko Yu. I. , Masalov E. B. 
Published: February 2023

Assessment of viral load levels in various biological samples taken from the respiratory tract can be an indicator of an ongoing process of active viral replication and may be used to monitor severe respiratory viral infections. The study of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and immunological laboratory parameters is an important step in the search for clinical markers of COVID-19.The aim of this research was to quantify viral load in patients with COVID-19 and to identify the relation-ship between viral load and changes in the parameters of the cellular component of the immune system.A laboratory examination was carried out on 74 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, they were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of the disease: mild, moderate, severe. Total viral load in clinical samples was determined by the number of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies per 100 copies of the reference RNaseP gene. A comprehensive assessment of the cellular component of the immune system was performed using flow cytometry and direct monoclonal antibodies, and the IL-6, and C-reactive protein concentrations were determined.We revealed a relationship between the development of serious clinical conditions in the patients with COVID-19, and the levels of viral load. High levels of viral RNA in biological samples correlate with main indicators of the T cell component of the immune system associated with disease severity. In a subgroup of patients with an extremely high viral load, strong positive correlations were found between the relative numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+), activated T lymphocytes (CD3+HLA-DR+), as well as absolute and relative numbers of activated B lymphocytes and NK cells (CD3-CD25+).Laboratory monitoring of the cellular component of the immune system, along with the assessment of viral loads, should improve early assessment of clinical condition in the patients with COVID-19. Changes in expression levels of activation markers on immune cells can be potentially viewed as indicators of recovery during COVID-19.
Nilai Pendidikan Kesenian Wayang Beber Pacitan sebagai Ide Penciptaan Ilustrasi Dekoratif Digital
Authors: Al-Bahrani Muhammad Wahidul Kohar , Ratnawati Ike , Prasetyo Abdul Rahman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Pacitan Wayang Beber is a sacred art that is on the brink of extinction. The government in Pacitan's Regional Report of Local Culture (PPKD) seeks to socialize and actualize cultural values that require the involvement of cultural actors and the community. This study aims to create a digital illustration containing the educational value of Pacitan Wayang Beber Arts. Data collection is done on Pacitan Wayang Beber in Gedempol village, Pacitan district, East Java province, through observations (participatory observers) and interviews with a purposive sampling approach. The method used in this creation is the method of SP. Gustami, the stages include the exploration stage, the design stage, and the embodiment stage. Referring to this process, this illustration work with the theme of the educational value of Pacitan Wayang Beber are realized by creating six different forms of shirt clothing. The results of this creative work are in the form of six shirts, entitled: 1) living, 2) towards independence, 3) spring sea, 4) stepping on the earth, 5) Buto war, and 6) courtyard. The educational values of Pacitan Wayang Beber that are raised in this work include hard work, determination, love, humility, honesty, and diplomacy.
Keywords: Wayang Beber; educational value; digital decorative illustration
Abstrak: Wayang Beber Pacitan adalah kesenian sakral yang hampir mengalami kepunahan. Pemerintah dalam Pokok Pikiran Kebudayaan Daerah (PPKD) Pacitan, berupaya mensosialisasikan dan mengaktualisasi nilai kebudayaan yang memerlukan keterlibatan pelaku budaya dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan Ilustrasi digital yang berisi tentang edukasi nilai pendidikan Kesenian Wayang Beber Pacitan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada pewaris Wayang Beber Pacitan di desa Gedempol, kecamatan Donorojo, kabupaten Pacitan, provinsi Jawa Timur melalui pengamatan (observer partisipatoris) dan wawancara dengan pendekatan (purposive sampling). Metode yang digunakan pada penciptaan ini adalah metode dari SP. Gustami, tahapannya meliputi tahap eksplorasi, tahap perancangan, dan tahap perwujudan. Mengacu pada proses ini, maka diwujudkan karya ilustrasi dekoratif digital bertema nilai pendidikan Wayang Beber Pacitan dengan penerapan busana kemeja sejumlah enam bentuk karya. Hasil karya penciptaan ini berupa enam produk kemeja, dengan rincian judul karya sebagai berikut: 1) menghidupi, 2) menuju merdeka, 3) laut musim semi, 4) memijak bumi, 5) perang buto, dan 6) pelataran. Nilai pendidikan Wayang Beber Pacitan yang diangkat dalam karya ini di antaranya adalah: kerja keras, tekad, cinta kasih, rendah hati, jujur, dan diplomasi.
Kata kunci: Wayang Beber; nilai pendidikan; ilustrasi dekoratif digital