bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive fuzzy finite‐time fault‐tolerant control design for nonlinear pure‐feedback systems with sensor faults
Authors: You Guodong , Shen Zhifang , Xu Bin , Zhang Chuanlei , Zhao Shuangle , Hou Xiaoxin , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis article investigates an adaptive fuzzy finite‐time fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme for nonlinear pure‐feedback systems (PFSs) with sensor faults. The pure‐feedback system in this article includes time‐varying fault factors and unknown nonlinear functions. Choose the time‐varying fault separation method to keep the fault parameters away from the actual state to avoid coupling problems. Using the mean‐value theorem (MVT) to handle the non‐affine functions in the system and effectively decouple the control input signals. The approximation capability of the fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) is utilized to handle the unknown functions in the system and combined with the backstepping techniques for the construction of the adaptive fault‐tolerant controller. Using Lyapunov theory to verify the stability of closed‐loop system. Finally, choose two simulation examples verified the validity of the control strategy.
In Situ Self‐Assembly Supramolecular Antagonist Reinforces Radiotherapy by Inhibiting Tumor Apoptosis Evasion
Authors: Hou Xiaoxue , Yang Lijun , Li Paiyun , Liu Jinjian , Zhang Yumin , Wang Qian , Wang Dianyu , Peng Shiyu , Su Linzhu , Zhang Wenxue , Huang Fan , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiosensitizers hold great promise for enhanced cancer radiotherapeutics. However, apoptosis evasion of cancerous cells usually limits the efficiency of radiosensitive strategies. Herein, an in situ self‐assembled supramolecular antagonist is developed to reinforce the treatment outcome of radiotherapy by inhibiting tumor apoptosis evasion. The supramolecular antagonist is composed of self‐assembled peptide functionalized with apoptosis‐inducing peptide SmacN7 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐responsive group. Upon reaching the tumor site, the supramolecular antagonist can in situ form membrane‐localized nanofibers triggered by ALP overexpressing in tumor cells, leading to enhanced cellular internalization. As a result, the cell‐permeable supramolecular antagonist effectively binds to the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and eliminates their inhibitory effect on caspase activity, thereby remarkably blocking the apoptosis evasion of tumor cells and boosting the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. Furthermore, in vivo studies confirm that treatment with in situ self‐assembled supramolecular antagonists can enhance radiation‐induced tumor destruction without perceptible systemic toxicity. This study offers a novel strategy of tumor apoptosis evasion inhibition to potentiate radiotherapy, which may be instructive to the development of advanced cancer therapies.
Interlayer Spacing Regulation by Single‐Atom Indiumδ+–N4 on Carbon Nitride for Boosting CO2/CO Photo‐Conversion
Authors: Ding Cheng , Lu Xinxin , Tao Bo , Yang Liuqing , Xu Xiaoyong , Tang Lanqin , Chi Haoqiang , Yang Yong , Meira Debora Motta , Wang Lu , Zhu Xi , Li Si , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSimultaneous optimization on bulk photogenerated‐carrier separation and surface atomic arrangement of catalyst is crucial for reactivity of CO2 photo‐reduction. Rare studies capture the detail that, better than in‐plane regulation, interlayer‐spacing regulation may significantly influence the carrier transport of the bulk‐catalyst thereby affecting its CO2 photo‐reduction in g‐C3N4. Herein, through a single atom‐assisted thermal‐polymerization process, single‐atom In‐bonded N‐atom (Inδ+–N4) in the (002) crystal planes of g‐C3N4 is originally constructed. This Inδ+–N4 reduces the (002) interplanar spacing of g‐C3N4 by electrostatic adsorption, which significantly enhances the separation of bulk carriers and greatly promotes the reactivity of CO2 photoreduction. The CO2 photo‐conversion performance of this resulted single‐atom In modified g‐C3N4 is significantly superior to other single atom loaded carbon nitride catalysts. Moreover, the Inδ+–N4 enhances the CO2 adsorption on g‐C3N4, reduces the *COOH formation energy, and optimizes the reaction path. It achieves a remarkable 398.87 µmol g−1 h−1 yield rate, 0.21% apparent quantum efficiency, and nearly 100% selectivity for CO without any cocatalyst or sacrificial agent. Through d(002) modulation of carbon nitride by single In atom, this study provides a ground‐breaking insight for reactivity enhancement from a double‐gain view of bulk structural control and surface atomic arrangement for CO2‐reduction photocatalysts.
Photophysical Properties of Pyrene‐Substituted nido‐Carborate Anion and the Change of Luminescence Species by Counter Cations in Solution and Solid States
Authors: Yanagihara Takumi , Tanaka Kazuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study reports unique luminescent properties of pyrene‐substituted nido‐carborate anion (PYnCA) with two counter cations, tetrabutylammonium (NBu4+) and tetraphenylphosphonium (PPh4+). It is revealed that PYnCA shows twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) emission by the change of the dihedral angle between pyrene and the CcageCcage bond in the carborane unit in the excited state. Although the structure of nCA is almost same as that of ortho‐carborane (oC), the photophysical processes of both pyrene‐substituted compounds are completely different. The study also succeeds in modulating the luminescence species by counter cations in both solution and solid states. To the best of the current knowledge, this is the first report that anion‐based luminescent materials can show the different luminescent species not only in solution but also in the mechanochromic behaviors depending on the type of counter cations. This fundamental research on nCA demonstrates anion‐based emitters as a new platform for stimuli‐responsive materials.
Merging Continuous Flow Technology, Photochemistry and Biocatalysis to Streamline Steroid Synthesis
Authors: Tomarelli Elena , Cerra Bruno , Mutti Francesco G. , Gioiello Antimo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince their structural elucidation in 1935, the introduction and substitution of functional groups and the modification of the steroidal scaffolds have been a fertile ground of research for synthetic and medicinal chemists. The discovery of steroids with hormonal and pharmacological activity has stimulated tremendous efforts to the development of highly selective and efficient synthetic procedures. Despite the progress made, steroid chemistry remains challenging and the preparation of steroidal compounds of pharmaceutical interests and in clinical practice, often requires long and elaborated synthesis. In recent years, a new impetus in the field came with the advent of enabling chemical technologies, such as continuous flow chemistry, which are exploited to overcome problems that arise from batch synthesis. Although it is still a niche sector, the use of flow technology in steroid synthesis and functionalization holds the premise to empower methodology development and to provide innovative tactics also for many hitherto uncharted chemistries. In this review, scientific contributions are reported and discussed in terms of flow set‐up and advantages offered concerning process efficiency, optimization, waste minimization, safety improvement, easy scale‐up and costs. We also highlight the main challenges, key improvements and the future trajectory in the application of continuous flow chemistry and its implementation to different disciplines such as photochemistry and biocatalysis with the ultimate goal of streamlining steroid synthesis.
Enhanced Solar CO2 Photoreduction to Formic Acid by Platinum Immobilization on Bipyridine Covalent Triazine Framework with Defects
Authors: Kaya Kerem , Ditz Daniel , Jaworski Aleksander , Chen Jianhong , Monti Susanna , Barcaro Giovanni , Budnyk Serhiy , Slabon Adam , Palkovits Regina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe immobilization and structural analysis of platinum nanoparticles on a nitrogen‐rich, bipyridine‐containing covalent triazine framework (bpyCTF) having structural defects are disclosed by taking advantage of 15N solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements at natural 15N isotope abundance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses. The photocatalyst (Pt@bpyCTF) with structural defects reduces CO2 to formic acid (FA) at a rate of 152 µmol h−1g−1 and a selectivity higher than 95% over CO and H2 in water under simulated solar light. The presence of amine defects and the immobilization of Pt cause improvement in the photocurrent density and CO2 capture capacity (≈8% by weight) despite the moderate surface area (0.54 cm3 g−1)of the photocatalyst. Theoretical models and density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the possible CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) mechanisms. Considering the exceptional CO2 capture capacity and high FA production using only CO2‐bubbled water, this work highlights the great potential of nitrogen‐rich CTFs for photocatalyzed CO2RRs under green conditions.
Development of siRNA and Budesonide Dual‐Loaded Hybrid Lipid–Polymer Nanoparticles by Microfluidics Technology as a Platform for Dual Drug Delivery to Macrophages: An In Vitro Mechanistic Study
Authors: Cerdá Sandra López , Fontana Flavia , Wang Shiqi , Correia Alexandra , Molinaro Giuseppina , Tello Rubén Pareja , Hirvonen Jouni , Celia Christian , Barreto Goncalo , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMacrophages play a key role in the development of many diseases, like tissue injury, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. So far, single‐drug loaded nanoparticles are developed to target macrophages. Nevertheless, macrophage dysregulation can induce multiple conditions, i.e., inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, the simultaneous codelivery of a small molecule drug and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene silencing may be beneficial to modulate macrophage dysfunction. Herein, hybrid lipid–polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) coloaded with both budesonide and enhanced green fluorescence protein siRNA (eGFP‐siRNA) as model anti‐inflammatory small molecule drug and siRNA, respectively, are developed by an optimized microfluidics method. Specifically, a poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) core is coated by a lipid shell, and LPNs with size homogeneity and colloidal stability are obtained. Both payloads are loaded efficiently, and a controlled release is achieved. Additionally, LPNs are nontoxic in murine RAW 264.7 cells and human THP‐1 cells and are efficiently taken up by these cells. Finally, the transfection efficiency of dual‐loaded LPNs is high at low LPNs doses, thus proving the suitability of this nanosystem for gene silencing. Overall, the optimized LPNs are a suitable nanoplatform for the dual drug delivery to macrophages for the treatment of complex conditions requiring dual therapeutic approaches.
Deep Learning Model to Predict Ice Crystal Growth
Authors: Tseng Bor‐Yann , Guo Chen‐Wei Conan , Chien Yu‐Chen , Wang Jyn‐Ping , Yu Chi‐Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe demand for highly specific and complex materials has made the development of controllable manufacturing processes crucial. Among the numerous manufacturing methods, casting is important because it is economical and highly flexible regarding the geometry of manufactured parts. Since solidification is an important stage in the casting process that influences the properties of the final product, the development of a controllable solidification process using modeling methods is necessary to create superior structural properties. However, traditional modeling methods are computationally expensive and require sophisticated mathematical schemes. Therefore, a deep learning model is proposed to predict the morphology of the dendritic crystal growth solidification process, along with a reinforcement learning model to control the solidification process. By training the deep learning model with data generated using the phase field method, the solidification process can be successfully predicted. The crystal growth structures are designed to be altered by adjusting the degree of supercooling in the deep learning model while implementing reinforcement learning to control the dendritic arteries. This research opens new avenues for applying artificial intelligence to the optimization of casting processes, with the potential to utilize it in the processing of advanced materials and to improve the target properties of material design.
Miscibility Regulation and Thermal Annealing Induced Hierarchical Morphology Enables High‐Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Over 17%
Authors: Guo Jing , Qiu Beibei , Xia Xinxin , Zhang Jinyuan , Qin Shucheng , Li Xiaojun , Lu Xinhui , Meng Lei , Zhang Zhanjun , Li Yongfang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAchieving an ideal morphology to realize efficient charge generation and transport is an imperative avenue to improve the photovoltaic performance of all small‐molecule organic solar cells (SM‐OSCs). Here, ternary SM‐OSCs are fabricated based on a new small molecule donor, SM‐mB, and an alloyed blend acceptor of Y6 and its derivative, L8‐BO, and desirable hierarchical morphology with appropriate nanoscale phase separation is successfully realized through adjusting the thermal annealing treatment conditions and compositions of mixed acceptors in the active layer. Then the ternary SM‐OSCs achieve an excellent PCE of 17.06 %, which is one of the best results for the SM‐OSCs so far. The desirable morphology can be ascribed to the optimization of the miscibility‐driven donor and acceptor blend morphology that takes full advantage of the individual advantages of both acceptors, which facilitate efficient charge generation and extraction with more balanced charge carrier mobilities. More importantly, the photovoltaic performance of the ternary SM‐OSCs possesses a high tolerance to the device fabrication conditions, including thermal annealing treatment, and is insensitive to film thickness, which is beneficial for large‐area manufacture and future practical applications.
Evaluation of clinical response to empirical antimicrobial therapy on day 7 and mortality in the intensive care unit: sub‐analysis of the DIANA study Japanese data
Authors: Tanaka Chie , Tagami Takashi , Kuno Masamune , Unemoto Kyoko ,   DIANA Study Japanese Group
Published: May 2023

AimIt is not clear whether evaluating the clinical response to antibiotic use at day 7 among critically ill patients accurately predicts outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical response to the initial empiric therapy on day 7 and mortality.MethodsThe determinants of antimicrobial use and de‐escalation in critical care (DIANA) study was an international, multicenter, observational study on antibiotic use in the intensive care unit (ICU). ICU patients ages over 18 years in whom an empiric antimicrobial regimen in Japan was initiated were included. We compared patients who were evaluated as cured or improved (“effective”) 7 days after starting antibiotic treatment with patients who were evaluated as deteriorated (“failure”).ResultsOverall, 217 (83%) patients were in the effective group, and 45 (17%) were in the failure group. Both the infection‐related mortality rate in the ICU and the in‐hospital infection‐related mortality rate in the effective group were lower than those in the failure group (0% versus 24.4%; P < 0.01 and 0.5% versus 28.9%; P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionAssessment of efficacy of empiric antimicrobial treatment on day 7 may predict a favorable outcome among patients suffering from infection in the ICU.
A New Sodium Thioborate Fast Ion Conductor: Na3B5S9
Authors: Zhou Laidong , Bazak J. David , Singh Baltej , Li Chang , Assoud Abdeljalil , Washton Nancy M. , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report a new sodium fast‐ion conductor, Na3B5S9, that exhibits a high Na ion total conductivity of 0.80 mS cm−1 (sintered pellet; cold‐pressed pellet=0.21 mS cm−1). The structure consists of corner‐sharing B10S20 supertetrahedral clusters, which create a framework that supports 3D Na ion diffusion channels. The Na ions are well‐distributed in the channels and form a disordered sublattice spanning five Na crystallographic sites. The combination of structural elucidation via single crystal X‐ray diffraction and powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction at variable temperatures, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal high Na‐ion mobility (predicted conductivity: 0.96 mS cm−1) and the nature of the 3D diffusion pathways. Notably, the Na ion sublattice orders at low temperatures, resulting in isolated Na polyhedra and thus much lower ionic conductivity. This highlights the importance of a disordered Na ion sublattice—and existence of well‐connected Na ion migration pathways formed via face‐sharing polyhedra—in dictating Na ion diffusion.
Supramolecular Peptide Nanostructures Regulate Catalytic Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Li Zhao , Joshi Soumil Y. , Wang Yin , Deshmukh Sanket A. , Matson John B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report three constitutionally isomeric tetrapeptides, each comprising one glutamic acid (E) residue, one histidine (H) residue, and two lysine (KS) residues functionalized with side‐chain hydrophobic S‐aroylthiooxime (SATO) groups. Depending on the order of amino acids, these amphiphilic peptides self‐assembled in aqueous solution into different nanostructures:nanoribbons, a mixture of nanotoroids and nanoribbons, or nanocoils. Each nanostructure catalyzed hydrolysis of a model substrate, with the nanocoils exhibiting the greatest rate enhancement and the highest enzymatic efficiency. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, analyzed with unsupervised machine learning, revealed clusters of H residues in hydrophobic pockets along the outer edge of the nanocoils, providing insight for the observed catalytic rate enhancement. Finally, all three supramolecular nanostructures catalyzed hydrolysis of the l‐substrate only when a pair of enantiomeric Boc‐l/d‐Phe‐ONp substrates were tested. This study highlights how subtle molecular‐level changes can influence supramolecular nanostructures, and ultimately affect catalytic efficiency.
Merging Boron and Carbonyl based MR‐TADF Emitter Designs to Achieve High Performance Pure Blue OLEDs**
Authors: Wu Sen , Zhang Le , Wang Jingxiang , Kumar Gupta Abhishek , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) compounds are attractive as emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) as they can simultaneously harvest both singlet and triplet excitons to produce light in the device and show very narrow emission spectra, which translates to excellent color purity. Here, we report the first example of an MR‐TADF emitter (DOBDiKTa) that fuses together fragments from the two major classes of MR‐TADF compounds, those containing boron (DOBNA) and those containing carbonyl groups (DiKTa) as acceptor fragments in the MR‐TADF skeleton. The resulting molecular design, this compound shows desirable narrowband pure blue emission and efficient TADF character. The co‐host OLED with DOBDiKTa as the emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 17.4 %, an efficiency roll‐off of 32 % at 100 cd m−2, and Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.14, 0.12). Compared to DOBNA and DiKTa, DOBDiKTa shows higher device efficiency with reduced efficiency roll‐off while maintaining a high color purity, which demonstrates the promise of the proposed molecular design.
Thermal and redox responsive polyamidoamine dendrimer–poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) bridged by disulfide linkages for targeted and controlled drug delivery system
Authors: Luu Cuong Hung , Nguyen Dinh Tien Dung , Chee Ching Yern , Thi Tram Chau Nguyen , Nguyen Dong Yen Pham , Nguyen Dai Hai , Nguyen Cuu Khoa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultifactor‐responsive nanomaterials have been playing a vital role in drug delivery developments. Given the advantages of nanotechnology‐based systems, employing stimuli‐sensitive agents could offer a step forward to targeted drug delivery. Hence, we targeted to apply both thermal and redox‐sensitive agents, which are poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and disulfide, onto a classic platform polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer. In particular, PAMAM G3.5 was first grafted by an outermost layer composed of cystamine moieties and partially grafted with PNIPAM segments. This novel nanomaterial was successfully verified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and Raman spectroscopy. Besides, morphological and surface characteristics were observed by DLS, TEM, and zeta potential. Our novel drug delivery system displayed a spherical shape with a hydrodynamic size of 43.61 ± 6.04 nm at 37°C and 68.99 ± 4.69 nm at 15°C, which proved its thermoresponsiveness. In parallel, the response of the nanoparticles toward redox concentration variation was testified that demonstrated a controlled drug release highly depending on physiological stimuli. We have also conducted in vitro DOX release and cytocompatibility of this drug delivery system, which can premise a smart strategy for nanoengineering in targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy.
Toxicity reduction of natural rubber gloves using protein crosslinking technique
Authors: Suwandittakul Piyada , Montha Suriyakamon , Ubol Preeyawis Na , Kongkaew Chaveewan , Kositanont Chayanoot 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor natural rubber (NR) gloves, residual latex processing chemicals are the important substances that cause adverse reactions to users who are sensitive to them. Many attempts have therefore been made to reduce or eliminate these leachable chemicals from the gloves such as natural compound addition and polymer coating. The current study proposed a novel alternative method to reduce chemical allergens from NR gloves by protein crosslinking through the Maillard reaction that is possible to adapt to the existing glove production. Commercial NR gloves were initially treated with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, a crosslinking agent, ranging from 0.00% to 1.00%w/w prior to being tested for cytotoxicity, contact angle, water absorption, and mechanical properties. Artificial sweat and culture medium with serum (complete medium) were used as vehicles for in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Results from the test revealed that, regardless of the vehicle type, increasing glutaraldehyde concentration reduced the toxicity of NR gloves, indicating the reduction of leachable toxic substances after the treatment. Contact angle and water absorption resistance were found to increase with increasing glutaraldehyde concentration, reflecting the enhanced hydrophobicity of the treatment. The mechanical properties of the gloves were not significantly different after such treatment. The results confirm the potential use of this protein crosslinking method to reduce the allergy problem of NR gloves.