bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D axisymmetric and 3D CFD simulations of flow over the benchmark DARPA SUBOFF submarine model
Authors: Krishna H. Rahul , Issac Manoj T. , Ebenezer Dr. D. D. 
Published: June 2023

### What is it about?*Turbulent flow is fundamentally three-dimensional (3D), but two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of axial viscous flow over streamlined axisymmetric bodies yield quick results that are approximate but very useful for preliminary studies. This is shown by comparing the results of 2D axisymmetric and 3D CFD (STAR-CCM+) models of axial flow over the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency submarine model known as the DARPA SUBOFF*.### Why is it important?
*The CFD community is always in search of methods to reduce the overall computational time – preferably by large factors. The detailed illustration using the much-studied DARPA SUBOFF shows that this 2D axisymmetric model, in addition to being fast by a factor of more than 300, yields results for the total drag, the wall shear stress and wall pressure coefficients, and the velocity profile within the boundary layer at various locations on the body that are very nearly the same as those obtained using 3D simulations. The difference between the 2D CFD drag at a Reynolds number of 35.35 million and experimental results is only +2.05%. Thus, the method is ideally suited for preliminary optimization studies*.### Perspectives of Authors
*The model chosen for use in any application depends on the outputs of interest. The simplest and fastest model that yields results with sufficiently low errors is the most desirable one. The model should also be robust and work well for new applications. In the preliminary design stage, a large number of options should be tried and ranked. Sub-optimal designs are often used because of the lack of time to investigate more options. A large database allows the chief designer to choose an appropriate option after considering various trade-offs. It is shown that the 2D axisymmetric model is well suited for preliminary design and the ranking of options. The error in the total drag is low and the flow in the nose and tail regions is shown to be computed with low errors. High accuracy is obtained by stating and using a few guidelines for meshing. The level of rigor in the verification and validation of the results is high and is rarely seen in recent literature. This should inspire confidence among the CFD community to use this method to study flows over streamlined axisymmetric bodies and new applications.*This work is a joint collaboration with Dr. Manoj T. Issac and Dr. D. D. Ebenezer.
The(y)ology
Authors: Brumberg-Kraus Max Yeshaye 
Published: June 2023

Every body contains multitudes, but no body is immune to the ideology of oneness: one true self, one sexuality, one gender, one vision of the world, one true God. For many who identify (or who have been named by others) as transgender, queer, and nonbinary, the refusal to fit within the illusion of one set of sex and gender expectations has been met with violence and suppression. While the myth of oneness is a powerful story that shapes the contours of our societies and our selves, it is not the only myth. Performances, fictions, rituals, and theologies can transform current realities.
The(y)ology: Mythopoetics for Queer/Trans Liberation is a manifesto for artists, teachers, theologians, clergy, and activists looking for ways to resist rigid paradigms of gender, sexuality, self, and the sacred. In these pages, we are called to tell new stories about who we are and how we relate to each other within our ecosystems. The myths discussed wrestle with and transform the complex mytho-histories that have birthed and, often, harmed us. No story comes from nothing, and, more radically, perhaps no story is fully irredeemable.
In The(y)ology, feminist philosophies join with trans poetics, literary theory with liberation theologies, drag performance with kabbalah, ecologies with pornographies, and ancient theater with queer autobiographies. However ambitious its scope might be, The(y)ology is fundamentally about encouraging us all to think playfully and to play thoughtfully with the mythologies that define our lives.
A Review of New Coronavirus Vaccines and Virus Detection Methods
Authors: Liu Lin , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2023

As the new crown virus epidemic becomes more and more intense around the world, more and more people are pinning their hopes of containing the epidemic on the development of new crown virus vaccines. At present, the new crown vaccines developed by countries around the world are gradually being marketed. This article summarizes the development of five major new coronavirus vaccines: inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. It also illustrates relevant assays for the new coronavirus.
Aperto per chi? Il valore della scienza aperta
Authors: Galimberti Paola 
Published: June 2023

Ci troviamo in un’epoca di grandi mutamenti e di veloce evoluzione della comunicazione scientifica. Alla chiusura e inaccessibilità di testi, dati e processi di qualità si sostituisce la richiesta corale di trasparenza, equità e democraticità. All’idea di una scienza competitiva ed esclusiva si sostituisce quella di una scienza collaborativa in cui la condivisione dei risultati è il valore fondante e punto di forza per un più veloce sviluppo. Cambia e viene messo in discussione il ruolo degli editori commerciali che devono reinventarsi in questo nuovo contesto, cambiano gli equilibri di potere fra editor, revisori ed autori. Gli strumenti per rispondere a questa richiesta corale di trasparenza sono tutti a nostra disposizione, ma ancora da parte delle comunità scientifiche si avverte qualche difficoltà a recepire le nuove modalità di pratica, validazione e disseminazione della ricerca. Ancora si assiste a una certa diffidenza e forse sgomento di fronte ai pubblici possibili e ad un ciclo di vita delle ricerche che è potenzialmente infinito.
Sulle spalle dei giganti, citava Newton. E ciò è soprattutto vero se vengono eliminate le barriere economiche e legali che hanno fino ad ora rappresentato un ostacolo, o per lo meno un rallentamento per lo sviluppo della ricerca scientifica.
"Doctor Virtualis" è una rivista umanistica, di settore, che ha abbracciato in tempi piuttosto lontani la filosofia dell’apertura promossa dall’ateneo che oggi si è rivelata vincente. La sua storia è la storia della piattaforma di riviste che la ospita alla quale la rivista ha aderito fin dal primo anno.

We are in an era of rapid evolution of scholarly communication. The inaccessibility of quality texts, data, and processes is being replaced by a choral demand for transparency, equity, and democraticity. The idea of a competitive and exclusive science is replaced by that of a collaborative science in which the sharing of results is the founding value and strength for faster development. The role of commercial publishers who must reinvent themselves in this new context changes and is challenged; the balance of power between editors, reviewers and authors changes. The tools for responding to this choral demand for transparency are all at our disposal, but still from the scientific communities there is some difficulty in taking on board the new ways of practicing, validating and disseminating research. There is still some distrust and perhaps dismay in front of possible audiences and a research life cycle that is potentially never-ending.
On the shoulders of giants, Newton quoted. And this is especially true if the economic and legal barriers that have hitherto been an obstacle, or at least a slowdown to the development of scientific research are removed.
Doctor Virtualis is a humanistic journal that embraced in rather distant times the philosophy of openness promoted by the university that has proved successful today. Its story is the story of the journal platform that hosts it to which the journal has joined since its first year.
Giustizia: fra analogia e univocità. Da Tommaso d’Aquino a Tommaso De Vio
Authors: Lázaro Nicolás 
Published: June 2023

Il presente contributo indaga la trasformazione della definizione di “giustizia” da Tommaso d’Aquino (analogica) a Tommaso De Vio (univoca). Esaminando la connessione fra logica e filosofia morale si considera il tema della virtù e l‘interpretazione del pensiero dell’Angelico da parte del Gaetano.
Si intende approfondire il rapporto fra la giustizia e il bene comune attraverso l’uso dell’analogia (Tommaso) o in altri termini (Gaetano). Il lavoro fa riferimento anche alla tesi di S. Hofstadter, secondo cui l’analogia è quasi un a priori cognitivo con cui l’uomo concettualizza il mondo e progredisce nella conoscenza, tenendo presente il ruolo fondamentale che l’analogia svolge nella filosofia e nella teologia del Gaetano.
Partendo dal presupposto che la nozione analogica di giustizia esprima più chiaramente il pensiero dell’Angelico sul rapporto con il bene comune, si osserva che il Gaetano fa uso di uno strumento diverso, interpretando la stessa virtù secondo una concettualizzazione di carattere univoco. E ciò, precisamente, per il suo modo di concepire l’analogia.
Appaiono, quindi, due nozioni di giustizia in relazione al bene comune e a tutte le altre virtù morali. Come influisce tutto ciò sul discorso etico e sulla riflessione politica? Qual è il rapporto con la suprema potestas, il governo ecc.? Emergono chiaramente due diversi modi di argomentare e di rappresentare il mondo e le sue relazioni, cioè di costruire percorsi diversi sulla base dello stesso oggetto di studio.

This paper investigates the definition of “justice” and its transformation, from Aquinas (analogical) to Cajetan (univocal). Through the commentaries of Cajetan to the S. Th., this contribution also deeps into the connection between Logic and Moral Philosophy.
We intend to deepen the relationship between justice and the common good using the analogy (Aquinas) or not (Cajetan). This work also refers to the thesis of S. Hofstadter according to which the analogy is almost a cognitive a priori with which man conceptualizes the world and progresses in knowledge, bearing in mind the role that analogy played in Cajetan’s thought.
If the analogical notion of justice renders much better the teaching of Aquinas, it is observed that Cajetan interpretates the same virtue according to univocity, because of his previous conception of the analogy.
Therefore, we have two notions of “justice” related to the common good and the rest of the moral virtues. How could this affect the Ethics and the political reflections? What is the relationship between the suprema potestas, the government, etc.? Again, we have now two different ways of arguing and representing the world and its relations.
L'analogia e lo sviluppo della teologia cattolica in Hans Urs Von Balthasar
Authors: Martínez Endika 
Published: June 2023

Il seguente saggio è un'interpretazione speculativa di Padri, scolastici e noi stessi di Hans Urs von Balthasar. L'articolo propone che l'analogia possa essere usata per comprendere le somiglianze e le differenze tra stili teologici in epoche diverse. L'analogia può essere uno strumento euristico per riconoscere la forma strutturale che rimane coerente attraverso i secoli, nonostante le espressioni singole di questa forma secondo la situazione concreta e storica delle persone a cui si rivolge il messaggio del Vangelo. Per affermare ciò, questo saggio traccia un confronto tra il modo in cui si sviluppano la teologia e la dottrina Cattolica. In entrambi i casi, troviamo un paradigma di omogeneità sostanziale all'interno di una differenza proposizionale o stilistica. La differenza non esclude l'unità in un ordine superiore. Diversi stili in teologia sono analogicamente uniti nella forma strutturale generale e immutabile della verità rivelata in Cristo.

The following essay is a tentative interpretation of Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Fathers, Scholastics and Ourselves. It proposes that analogy can be used to understand the similarities and differences between theological styles in different epochs. It can be a heuristic tool to recognize the structural form that remains consistent throughout the ages, despite the unique expressions of this form according to the concrete and historical situation of the people being addressed by the message of the Gospel. This essay draws a comparison between the way Catholic theology and doctrine develop. In both cases, we find a paradigm of substantial homogeneity within a propositional or stylistic difference. The difference does not rule out a unity in a higher order. Different styles in theology are analogically united in an overarching and unchanging form of the truth revealed in Christ.
Analogia e dimostrazione. Sviluppi nella tradizione medievale degli Analitici secondi
Authors: Corbini Amos 
Published: June 2023

L’articolo analizza il problema dei nessi predicativi analogici nella teoria della dimostrazione di Aristotele, dove essi sono marginali, e i suoi sviluppi nella tradizione esegetica medievale latina del XIII secolo.
Grossatesta sostiene che la dimostrazione può provare predicati detti analogicamente di soggetti diversi; Kilwardby e dopo di lui ancor più Egidio Romano mostrano che tale scopo è da raggiungere anche attraverso un termine medio connesso analogicamente ai termini estremi. Inoltre, Egidio sostiene in un passo l’esistenza di un ordinamento gerarchico tra le proprietà dimostrate per analogia, ma altrove mostra invece che esse si configurano più variamente.
Nel XIV secolo, Giovanni Buridano riprende i tratti fondamentali di queste interpretazioni, nel quadro di un generale allargamento dei caratteri della scienza aristotelica del quale, forse, le idee sull’analogia potrebbero rappresentare uno stadio iniziale.

The paper deals with the problem of predicative analogical connections in the Aristotelian theory of demonstration, where they are marginal, and with its developments in the thirteenth-century medieval latin exegetical tradition.
Grosseteste claims that demonstration can prove predicates that are said analogically of different subjects; Kilwardby and, after him, even more Giles of Rome show that this aim can be reached also through a medium analogically connected to the extreme terms. Giles upholds in a passage the existence of a gerarchical order among properties analogically demonstrated; somewhere else, however, he shows that they can configure more variously.
In the following century, John Buridan resumes the basic lines of those interpretations, in the framework of a general widening of the features of Aristotelian science; maybe, his ideas on analogy could represent an initial stage of this tendence.
Macchine per analogie. Note sul trattamento automatico dell’analogia
Authors: Ferrara Alfio , Parodi Massimo , Salvestrini Amalia 
Published: June 2023

Il presente articolo intende riflettere su come l’analogia sia intesa e trattata dalla classe di metodi formali di trattamento dell’informazione che si occupano di analizzare il testo scritto. In particolare, si considera come si possano costruire macchine che “comprendono” le analogie. A tal fine ci si avvarrà di esemplificazioni tratte dal De Civitate Dei di Agostino d’Ippona. Le prime indagini compiute su tale corpus, seppure limitato, conducono a riflettere sulla portata teorica e storiografica del trattamento automatico dell’analogia anche nel formulare o avvalorare ipotesi interpretative.

This article aims to reflect on how analogy is understood and treated by the class of formal information processing methods that deal with analysing written text. In particular, we consider how machines that ‘understand’ analogies can be constructed. For this purpose, exemplifications from Augustine of Hippo’s De Civitate Dei will be used. The initial investigations carried out on this corpus, albeit limited, lead one to reflect on the theoretical and historiographical significance of the automatic treatment of analogy also in formulating or supporting interpretative hypotheses.
Nurses Knowledge Regarding Personal Protective Equipment in Intensive Care Units at a Public Tertiary Care Public Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Khan Kashif , Ullah Shafaat , Khan Jalal , Narmeen Aniqa , Ali Anny Ashiq , Nazar Gul , Ullah Ihsan 
Published: June 2023

PPE is designed to protect Health Care Workers (HCWs) from workplace infections and injuries and the most commonly used equipment including goggles, masks, medical gloves, and respirators. Objective: To determine nurses’ knowledge regarding PPE in intensive care units at a Public Tertiary Care Hospital, in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was directed using convenient sampling. A structured questionnaire from the literature was used to collect the data. Responses of the participants as good/Average/Poor were recorded. The data were collected from the Nurses who have five or more than five years of experience in the intensive care units of Hayatabad Medical Complex, a Public sector tertiary care Hospital. Results: The mean age of the participant was evaluated which was 30.09 years with a standard deviation of 7.04 years. The professional experience of the participants was 6.78 years with a standard deviation of 5.85 years. Our study shows that 65.4% had good knowledge or an acceptable knowledge level, 30.9% had average knowledge, and 3.7% of the participants had poor knowledge. Conclusions: The study concluded that most of the participants have good knowledge of Personal Protective equipment but a significant number of participants had average knowledge and some have poor knowledge as well. Therefore, regular sessions should be given to enhance the knowledge level
Super Atlanticist in the EU? Vilnius Between Washington and Brussels
Authors: Banka Andris 
Published: June 2023

When in the early 2000s, the European Union prepared to take in a host of Central and Eastern European countries, some policy observers were quick to assert that the newcomers, given their staunch Atlanticism, would increase the US political clout in the EU’s corridors of power. Sceptics, on the other hand, pushed back by contending that with the deepening of the EU integration process, the foreign and security policies of Central-Eastern Europe would eventually align closer with Brussels. This article, using Lithuania as a case study, seeks to reflect on how these competing hypotheses have panned out in practice. The analysis concludes that Lithuania, despite being institutionally anchored in the EU, has sought to retain its special relations with Washington, thus occasionally causing some disruption to the EU’s consensus. Stated differently, it has exhibited the behaviour of a super atlanticist.
Lithuania, the United States, the EU, Alliances, Super Atlanticism
On Contractual Power of Digital Platforms
Authors: Alpa Guido 
Published: June 2023

Digital markets and platforms are increasingly important in commercial life, and the way contracts are formed between users and platforms in multi-sided markets raise many important legal issues. This article interrogates the nature of multi-sided market contracting, and raises questions regarding the binding of users to standard terms, especially extensive limitations of liability. Platforms also govern the terms between supply and demand sides, many of which are standardised and not necessarily bargained for by users on the platform. This gatekeeper role should entail a heightened level of responsibility.
Digital markets, platforms, gatekeepers, contractual formation, contractual exclusions, limitations of liability
Jordan’s Ability to Complete the Third Trade Policy Review at the WTO
Authors: Al-Husban Mustafa Mohammad , Al-Amaren Emad Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

Jordan has joined the World Trade organization in 1995, with an aim of establishing an economic stability, continuing economic reforms, and improving the investment and business environment in spite of the surrounding conditions in the region and their negative economic and social effects. Commitment to the policy of economic openness and liberalization of the trade system pursued by Jordan since its accession to the WTO goes in line with the government’s efforts to improve the business environment through measures taken in the areas of trade facilitation, customs procedures, and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR). This paper aims to identify the Jordanian Trade Policy since 2008 in which it covers several axes, most notably the economic environment, trade and investment laws, analysis of trade policy tools, and performance according to sectors, which were included in the third appendix of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the organization in 1994. By applying a qualitative and doctrinal legal approach, this paper analyses the Jordan’s Ability to Complete the Third Trade Policy Review at the WTO. The finding reveals that Jordan, like other countries in the world, was affected by the economic changes that resulted from the global financial conflicts and crises which began with the global financial crisis, then followed by energy turmoil during the Arab Spring in 2011, Covid-19 epidemic and the very high competition in granting concessions to foreign investors. Finally, Jordan has come a long way in completing the review of the third trade policy in the WTO during the period from 2016 to the year in which the third review was supposed to take place, but Jordan was exposed to some obstacles that led to its decline in completing this review beyond its control and related to the regional and international situation, in particular the regional and international conflicts that resulted successive financial and economic crises.
WTO, TPRM, Jordanian trade policy, Investment Environment Law, Governance, Anti-corruption, Index of Economic Freedoms, economic legislations, customs tariff rates, Extension of the Fund Facility
Le Mexique et l’arbitrage international d’investissement: un paysage pluraliste
Authors: Jeff Dorce Milcar 
Published: June 2023

This article examines Mexico’s experience with investment arbitration, focusing on its impressive evolution. Since the adoption of North American free trade agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, Mexico has signed several bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) containing investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) arbitration clauses. An analysis of these various clauses reveals that Mexico has chosen the path of pluralism, adopting various investment arbitration options in its international investment agreements. This stance on arbitration reflects the lack of a regional standard for foreign investment protection and the difficulty of finding a genuine alternative path. In the absence of such an alternative, flexibility becomes the most pragmatic option. In this sense, unlike Brazil, which has its own model agreement and is an important political force in the balance of power in international investment law, Mexico is a rule taker state.
Mexico; bilateral investment treaty; free trade agreement; Latin America; dispute settlement mechanism; international investment arbitration; pluralism; rule taker.