bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Salmonella enterica in black peppercorn by fluidization with hydrogen peroxide vapor
Authors: Summers Edel , Wason Surabhi , Subbiah Jeyamkondan , Villa-Rojas Rossana 
Published: May 2023

Salmonella is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with product recalls and outbreaks in spices. Spices are in the top three food categories for greatest number of recalls due to microbiological contamination. Current validated microbial reduction techniques for spices are tied to human health and environment concerns or negatively affect the quality characteristics of the spice which has led to the emerging of alternative technologies such as hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV). hydrogen peroxide vapor treatment was conducted at two different temperatures (45°C and 60°C) and two dwell times (30 and 60 min). Microbial reduction and residual hydrogen peroxide were measured at three storage times: 0 h (immediately after treatment), 24 and 48 h post-treatment. The effect of HPV on the quality of whole black peppercorn was evaluated 48 h post-treatment based on changes in piperine content, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, total volatile compounds, and color. Reduction in Salmonella population ranged from 1.41–2.83 log CFU/g. Residual hydrogen peroxide of up to 500 ppm was still detected on samples after 48 h of storage. All quality parameters except for color remained unaffected between treated and untreated whole black peppercorn. The study highlights the need to explore further process design modifications before conclusions can be made on the efficacy of HPV treatment as a means for low-moisture foods pasteurization.
Association of sexual relationship power with PrEP persistence and other sexual health outcomes among adolescent and young women in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Rousseau Elzette , Wu Linxuan , Heffron Renee , Baeten Jared M. , Celum Connie L. , Travill Danielle , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Bekker Linda-Gail , Bukusi Elizabeth , Omollo Victor , van der Straten Ariane , O’Malley Gabrielle , Haberer Jessica E. , Morton Jennifer F. , Johnson Rachel E. , Roberts Sarah T. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionGendered power inequalities impact adolescent girls’ and young women's (AGYW) sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. We investigated the influence of sexual relationship power on AGYW's SRH outcomes, including HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) persistence.MethodsThe POWER study in Kisumu, Kenya, and Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa provided PrEP to 2,550 AGYW (aged 16–25). AGYW's perceived power in their primary sexual relationship was measured among the first 596 participants enrolled using the Sexual Relationship Power Scale's (SRPS) relationship control sub-scale. Multivariable regression was used to test for (1) key sociodemographic and relationship characteristics associated with relationship power; and (2) the association of relationship power with SRH outcomes including PrEP persistence.ResultsIn this cohort, the mean SRPS score was 2.56 (0.49), 542 (90.9%) initiated PrEP; 192 (35.4%) persisted with PrEP at 1 month of which 46 (24.0% of 192) persisted at 6 months. SRPS were significantly lower among AGYW who cohabited with their sex partner (−0.14, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.04, p = 0.01), or had ≥1 sex partner (−0.10, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.00, p = 0.05). AGYW with lower SRPS were more likely to not know their partner's HIV status (aOR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.33, p &lt; 0.01), but SRPS was not associated with PrEP persistence, STI infection, condom, or hormonal contraception use.DiscussionAGYW's reasons for initiating PrEP and reasons for continuously using PrEP may be different. While low relationship power was associated with perceived HIV vulnerability, AGYW's PrEP persistence may be influenced by more than relationship power.
The impact of unplanned 30-day readmission as a quality indicator in pediatric surgery
Authors: Ellul Sarah , Shoukry Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionHospital readmission is one of the indicators used to assess quality of service provided in healthcare. Based on accumulated knowledge, risk management teams assess data related to readmissions to find curative solutions for underlying factors. The current article's aim is investigating readmission routes within the workplace in paediatric surgery service during the first 30 days post discharge from Mater Dei Hospital (MDH).Materials and methodA retrospective study of children's hospital readmissions between October 2017 and November 2019 was performed, strictly before COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics and clinical records including age, gender, pre-existing comorbidities, diagnosis during primary admission and readmission, procedure carried out, ASA grade, length of stay, and outcomes were collected. All children re-admitted under a single paediatric surgical department within 30 days from initial admission to tertiary referral hospital were included. Patients undergoing emergency visitation without subsequent admissions were excluded. Readmissions were classified into cohorts: elective and emergency, depending on the nature of primary admission. Contributing factors and outcomes were compared.Results935 surgical admissions (221 elective and 714 emergencies) were registered at MDH over the given period, with an average hospital stay of 3.62 days. Total readmission rate was 1.7% (n = 16). 25% (n = 4) of readmissions were post elective, 75% (n = 12) post emergency admission, with an average stay of 4.37 days and no mortalities. 43.7% (n = 7) were re-admissions post-surgical intervention. Further surgical interventions were necessary in 25% (n = 4) of readmitted patients, the remainder (n = 12) treated conservatively.ConclusionPublished reports concerning paediatric surgical readmission rates are limited, challenging healthcare systems. Most readmissions area voidable; therefore, healthcare workers must provide adequate strategies tailored to their resources, efficient multidisciplinary approaches with improved communication to decrease morbidity and prevent readmissions.
Sur les premiers stades de développement de l’article partitif
Authors: Carlier Anne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract - This paper deals with the development of the partitive article in French during the XIVth to XVIth century, a period that was crucial for shaping the partitive article as we know it today. My study is based on a comparison of four consecutive translations of a same Latin text, which date from different moments along this period.
My data suggest that the partitive structure in Old French conveys the meaning that a contextually determined referent is not globally affected by the verbal action, but only in part. This results in a number of constraints in the use of this structure, that have already been observed by other researchers : the partitive constituent is in a direct object position, the verb has a ‘fragmentative meaning, the head noun is concrete, and the definite article with specific interpretation is used almost obligatorily.
Middle French represents an important stage in the shift in the constituent order, from OV to VO. For the NP this evolution corresponds to the migration of lexical modifiers, which to that date could be found at both sides of the head noun, to postnominal positions. As a corollary, the grammatical markers that were still attached as suffixes behind the noun (e.g. die plural marker -s) weaken and are replaced by free morphemes put in front of the noun. In the context of this evolution, the partitive construction as it existed in Old French is recuperated to mark grammatically, in prénommai position, the opposition between singular and plural for indefinite uncount nouns. It thus acquires the function of an article. This stage in the grammaticalization process is reflected in the loosening of some distributional constraints and in a semantic reorientation. The new article, called ‘partitive’ , once created and extensively used, reduces considerably zero determination. In this way it permits to generalize the tripartite NP structure consisting of “determinant -noun -modifier”, in which the determinant placed upfront assures the syntactic cohesion of the NP. On the basis of a quantitative corpus analysis, it is possible to affirm that this evolution shows up plainly in the XVth century, in particular in a register close to the spoken language.
A Magnetic-Driven Multi-motion Robot with Position/Orientation Sensing Capability
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Zhao Song , Zhou Xinzhao , Jing Xueshan , Zhou Yu , Wang Yan , Zhu Yantong , Liu Xiaolin , Zhao Zehui , Zhang Deyuan , Feng Lin , Chen Huawei 
Published: May 2023

Miniature magnetic-driven robots with multimode motions and high-precision pose sensing capacity (position and orientation) are greatly demanded in in situ manipulation in narrow opaque enclosed spaces. Various magnetic robots have been carried out, whereas their deformations normally remain in single mode, and the lack of the robot’s real-time status leads to its beyond-sight remagnetization and manipulation being impossible. The function integration of pose sensing and multimode motion is still of challenge. Here, a multimotion thin-film robot is created in a novel multilayer structure with a magnetic-driven layer covered by a heating-sensing conductive layer. Such a heating-sensing layer not only can segmentally and on-demand heat the magnetic-driven layer for in situ magnetization reprogramming and multimode motions but also can precisely detect the robot’s pose (position and orientation) from its electrical-resistance effect by creating a small deformation under preset magnetic fields. Under the integration of reprogramming and sensing, necessary multimode motions, i.e., swimming, rolling, crawling, and obstacle-crossing, are achieved under a reprogramming field

B
Repr

of 10 mT, and high-precision poses sensing with an accuracy of ± 3 mm in position and ± 2.5° in orientation is obtained even under a low magnetic strength of

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Sens

of 5 mT, which combined help realize accurate out-of-sight manipulations in the enclosed space environment. Finally, a gastroscope robot for stomach drug delivery has been demonstrated for more gastrointestinal medical treatments.
Studies and Research on Soil Analysis in a Derelict Area, where there Was a Landfill
Authors: TUDOR Beatrice Daniela 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a study was made regarding the quality of the soil, from a disused area, where there was a garbage dump, which operated illegally. Soil samples were taken from different depths, namely 10, 20, and 30 cm deep, from 3 areas, covering the entire area where was the landfill. In the soil samples taken, the proportion of heavy metals and the pH were determined, thus being able to highlight how the quality of the soil was affected.
Tindakan Aborsi terhadap Kehamilan Akibat Perkosaan dan Kaitannya dengan Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Ristintyawati  , Binov Handitya  
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research s to describe the criminal law regulation on abortion due to rape and its relation to human rights. This type of research s normative research. The method used by researchers in applying the data source is the juridical-empirical method. Data collection techniques used library research and field research methods. The data validity method uses credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The approach taken is a normative approach, namely by elaborating on the facts and research results. The results of the study show that: (1) rape victims get legality to carry out abortions f they do not want the continuation of their pregnancy. The justification for abortion for rape victims is based on Article 75 of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health and Article 31 of Government Regulation Number 61 of 2014 concerning Reproductive Health. The consideration is that rape victims can endanger their physical and psychological health. (2) The legal norm which states that abortion may not be carried out as long as the abortion is carried out without an indication of a medical emergency and an indication of the result of rape. (3) Methods for performing abortions include the dilation and curettage method, the suction method, the saline solution method, the prostaglandin method or chemical abortion, and the hysterotomy or surgical method.

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pengaturan hukum pidana terhadap perbuatan aborsi akibat perkosaan dan kaitannya dengan hak asasi manusia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Metode sumber data menggunakan metode yuridis-empiris. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dan metode penelitian lapangan. Metode keabsahan data menggunakan credibility, transferbility, dependability, dan confirmability. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) korban perkosaan mendapatkan legalitas untuk melaksanakan aborsi apabila tidak menghendaki kelanjutan kehamilan yang dialami. Pembenaran aborsi bagi korban pemerkosaan didasarkan pada Pasal 75 Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan dan Pasal 31 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 61 Tahun 2014 tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi. Pertimbangannya korban pemerkosaan dapat membahayakan kesehatan fisik dan kesehatan psikis dirinya. (2) Norma Hukum yang menyebutkan bahwa aborsi tidak boleh dilakukan sepanjang pengguguran kandungan yang dilakukan terjadi tanpa indikasi kedaruratan medis dan indikasi hasil pemerkosaan. (3) Metode-metode untuk melakukan aborsi antara lain metode dilasi dan kuret (dilation and curretage), metode penyedotan (suction), metode cairan garam (saline solution), metode prostaglandin atau aborsi kimiawi, dan metode histerotomi atau bedah.
Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities between Internal law and International Law (Comparative Study)
Authors: Saleh Bani Issa Mohammad , Hamdan Hadrami Omar , Baher Dabbas Enas 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The study aimed, through an understanding of diplomatic immunities and privileges in the context of the relationship between domestic law and international law, to explain the commitment of states to international law in order to achieve their interests, which is not considered an encroachment on the sovereignty of the state.
Methods: The study used the legal, systems and comparative methods to answer the questions and test the hypothesis, on the basis that the hypothesis says that there is a correlation between diplomatic immunities and privileges and sovereignty.
Results: The study showed that the international immunities and privileges occupy one of the most important advanced position for the existing lawsuits between the Juridical, legal political disputes, and the social and serenity importance. Many studies and elaborations have addressed this issue and introduced different theories, that creates packages of legal disputes on the background of the sovereignty concepts,security, stability and independence from one side, and on the other side, the states international obligations, and its interest to live peacefully and cooperating with other countries.
Conclusion: The study concluded that immunizing the diplomatic envoy from judicial accountability and exempting him from sanctions is the basis of diplomatic immunities and privileges. The issue the state gives up some of its sovereignty becomes a matter of interest and scrutiny. Therefore, international law hastened in light of the growing relations to explain these immunities and privileges and assign them to Legal grounds agreed upon by states that require more cooperation and disregard for absolute sovereignty.
The Semiotic Approach and its Application to El-Baroudi’sAnnual Poem (QalladtuJeedAlma’ali)
Authors: Al-anbar Omar Abdallah 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The theoretical part of this paper explores the pathways of analyzing literary texts using the Semiotic Approach. It discusses the pluralistic nomenclature of the approach, which aims to overcome the challenges of conceptualizing and combining various notions under a single umbrella, relying on vision and formation.
Methods: To uncover the dynamism of Baroudi's poem and its semiotic elements, this paper relies on the perspectives of Western scholars in Semiotics, such as Yuri Lotman. It explores their understanding of the interactive relationship between the fields of semiotics and symbolic codes.
Results: The semiotic analysis of Al-Baroudi's annual poetic text indicates that it exhibits mastery and precision through its reliance on fundamental dichotomies such as "awakening intoxication," intensification, and extensive informativity.
Conclusion: It appears that the research on cinematic codes confirms the dynamism of parody annals through the use of tag spaces to organize them. This reveals the degrees of intensification and revelation. The cinematic analysis of parody annals suggests a tightness that is manifested through their reliance on tag binaries. The most significant ones include "true drunkenness" and "intensification, high media."
Translation of Polysemous Meanings of the Word “Qadha” (قضى) in the Holy Qur’an: An Analytical Semantic Study
Authors: Al-Saudi Jibrel 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The main focus of this study is to translate the polysemous word "Qadha" / قضى in the Holy Qur'an. Additionally, it aims to explore and analyze the various meanings of the word "Qadha" /قضى as translated by different interpretations of the Holy Qur'an.
Methods: In order to achieve the objective of this study, three well-known translations of the Holy Qur'an were utilized to examine the polysemous meanings conveyed in the selected verses. Furthermore, ten different polysemous meanings were identified and analyzed using three respected Qur'an-related exegeses.
Results: The study indicates that the word "Qadha" /قضى possesses several distinct polysemous meanings in the discussed verses. The findings of the study reveal that the context and collocation in which the word is used play a significant role in translating Qur'anic polysemy.
Conclusions: The study also demonstrates that the translation of the word "Qadha" /قضى in some verses is inaccurate, which can be attributed to the literal translation strategy employed by translators. Another possible reason for literal translation could be the style and form of the verse. Finally, the study recommends further research to be conducted on Qur'anic polysemy in order to examine the accuracy of translating the meanings of the Holy Qur'an.
Resumption in Standard Arabic revisited
Authors: Al-Aqarbeh Rania 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study investigates prevailing assumptions concerning resumption in Standard Arabic (SA) based on corpus and experimental data. The focus is on the actual use of gap and resumption strategies, sensitivity to islands, and the availability of reconstruction effects in wh-interrogatives and relative clauses.
Methods: To address these issues, two South African (SA) corpora were examined, and both a grammaticality judgment task and a forced-choice task were conducted. The study sample consisted of 70 females and 55 males, ranging in age from 25 to 63 years (with a median age of 48). The task was emailed to the participants, who were instructed to complete it at their convenience and then return it via email to the researcher.
Results: The results reveal that, first, both wh-interrogatives and relative clauses pattern similarly in these issues. Second, both gap and resumption strategies show sensitivity to strong islands. Third, resumption does not ameliorate constructions with strong islands. Fourth, reconstruction is available in the absence of strong islands.
Conclusions: These results imply that both SA constructions are derived via the same movement.
Values of National Belongingness in the Music Education Textbooks for the Higher Basic Education Stage in Jordan: An Analytical Study
Authors: Hammad Mohammad , Jawarneh Mohammad , Sharqawi Subhi 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the most important values of national belonging that should be included in music education textbooks for the upper basic education stage in Jordan, and to assess the extent to which these values are currently incorporated in the textbooks.
Methods: The study employed a descriptive analytical approach using content analysis, which encompassed twenty national belonging values as data collection criteria. The study sample consisted of music education textbooks for grades 7 to 10.
Results: The study revealed a low level of inclusion of national belonging values in the sampled textbooks. The values of pride and belonging to the homeland, as well as the value of pride in Islam and Arabism, ranked first. Eleven values were not included in the study sample. The degrees of inclusion of national belonging values in the study sample were as follows: 35%, 23.3%, 36.6%, and 35%, ranked from the 7th to the 10th grade.
Conclusion: The study recommends that those involved in the development of the music education curriculum should pay greater attention to the inclusion of national belonging values during the curriculum development process.
An Exploration of Online Test Anxiety During COVID-19: EFL Learners’ Perspectives
Authors: Ali Jamal Kaid Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Saudi EFL learners towards online test anxiety during COVID-19 outbreak, which was caused by the sudden transition from face-to-face testing to online testing.
Method: This study employed a survey-research design, utilizing a close-ended and open-ended questionnaire to collect data from 77 English major students at the University of Bisha. At the time of data collection, these participants had already taken online exams for at least three semesters during the pandemic.
Results: The results indicate that students' test anxiety was higher before taking the online test but gradually decreased during and after the test, showing a statistically significant difference with p = 0.022. The study also reveals that students with slow internet connections experienced more anxiety than those with fast internet services (p < 0.001). Additionally, female students exhibited higher levels of anxiety compared to males (p = 0.027).
Conclusions: The study concludes that the overall average anxiety level before, during, and after test-taking is 2.78, indicating that the participants' online test anxiety level is moderate.