bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary school Physical Education (PE) specialist teachers’ experiences of teaching Health Education and Physical Education
Authors: Cruickshank Vaughan , Pill Shane , Williams John , Mainsbridge Casey , Nash Rosie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to extend understanding of the studied phenomenon: primary school Physical Education (PE) specialist teachers’ experiences of teaching Health Education and Physical Education within the Learning Area Health and Physical Education (HPE) in their schools. Figurational sociology guided the research, which employed an explanatory sequential mixed methodology consisting of an online survey with 94 participants, followed by semi-structured interviews with 11 purposively sampled participants. Survey data indicated participants perceived their students undertook approximately one hour of HPE each week, except for Kindergarten students, who completed just over 40 minutes. This is less than the notional 80 hours a year recommended for delivering the subjects Health Education (HE) and Physical Education (PE) within the Australian Curriculum. Participants perceived HPE delivery in their primary schools was predominantly PE focused, and therefore, HE was ‘falling between the cracks’. Thematic analysis of the interview data led to the identification of themes reflecting specialist teachers’ perceptions of HE being the remit of class teachers, marginalised due to a crowded curriculum and lack of collaboration between PE specialists and classroom teachers. There is significant scope for HE not to be taught or not be taught well in the primary schools represented in the data provided by participants in this study. Improved collaboration between class teachers and PE teachers, increased support and prioritisation from senior staff (e.g. principals) and increased HE professional learning opportunities for class teachers are required.
Ethik, Wissenschaft und Alltagserfahrung in den Klima- und Umweltdebatten
Authors: Siep Ludwig 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von einem Blick auf die Rahmenbedingungen wissenschaftlicher und ethischer Diskussionen in pluralistischen Demokratien werden im vorliegenden Text verschiedene Ansätze der zeitgenössischen Ethik diskutiert, die Konzepte des guten Lebens entwickeln und die dazu gehörenden Naturerfahrungen erörtern. In Weiterführung wird zugunsten einer Position argumentiert, die von der Idee einer „guten Welt“ ausgeht. Deren Güte ist im Ausgang von multizentrischen Wertrelationen zu bestimmen, die nicht nur das urteilende Subjekt begünstigen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden alltägliche Erfahrungen in den Blick genommen: Sie dienen dazu, den Rahmen der entworfenen Ethik zu konkretisieren, müssen aber ihrerseits einer ethischen Prüfung unterzogen werden.
Mixed Evidence for Gestalt Grouping in Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Biscione Valerio , Bowers Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGestalt psychologists have identified a range of conditions in which humans organize elements of a scene into a group or whole, and perceptual grouping principles play an essential role in scene perception and object identification. Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on natural images (ImageNet) have been proposed as compelling models of human vision based on reports that they perform well on various brain and behavioural benchmarks. Here we test a total of 16 networks covering a variety of architectures and learning paradigms (convolutional, attention-based, supervised and self-supervised, feed-forward and recurrent) on dots (Experiment 1) and more complex shapes (Experiment 2) stimuli that produce strong Gestalts effects in humans. In Experiment 1 we found that convolutional networks were indeed sensitive in a human-like fashion to the principles of proximity, linearity, and orientation, but only at the output layer. In Experiment 2, we found that most networks exhibited Gestalt effects only for a few sets, and again only at the latest stage of processing. Overall, self-supervised and Vision Transformer appeared to perform worse than convolutional networks in terms of human similarity. Remarkably, no model presented a grouping effect at the early or intermediate stages of processing. This is at odds with the widespread assumption that Gestalts occur prior to object recognition, and indeed, serve to organize the visual scene for the sake of object recognition. Our overall conclusion is that, albeit noteworthy that networks trained on simple 2D images support a form of Gestalt grouping for some stimuli at the output layer, this ability does not seem to transfer to more complex features. Additionally, the fact that this grouping only occurs at the last layer suggests that networks learn fundamentally different perceptual properties than humans.
The Constitutional Concepts of Sustainability and Dignity
Authors: Herlin-Karnell Ester 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe principle of sustainability is generally taken as a good, but what does sustainability really mean? The notion of sustainability has been at the center of global governance debates for more than a decade and many countries across the world include sustainability in their constitutions. This paper argues that in order to understand the concept of sustainability in a constitutional context, we need to turn to the notion of dignity. The paper explores the concepts of sustainability and dignity and their meanings in the framework of climate justice and related questions and by discussing them in the context of Kantian and republican theory. In addition, the paper looks at intriguing court cases on the importance of nation states meeting their climate law duties. The paper concludes by exploring new uses of the sustainability concept. EU constitutional law will serve as a laboratory in testing these questions.
A novel method for optimization of flat monopole antennas with the help of a universal definition for geometric shapes
Authors: Shirpay A. , Zarezadeh E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this research, a novel method is proposed optimization of flatted ultra-wideband monopole antennas. In this method, the shape of the antennas is described in general terms. This general description allows the antennas to take all kinds of shapes during the optimization process and finally, an optimal form for an ultra-wideband monopole is obtained. The parameters of this general description are obtained according to the design constraints in a two-stage optimization process (including global and local optimization). The optimization to achieve the acceptable impedance matching in the working band and reduction of the distortion of the radiation waves is to be done. Due to the efficiency of the optimization method, by applying strict-tightening constrictions on the size of the antenna, smaller antennas with the same performance as the best flat monopole antennas are designed. The main optimization program runs in Matlab Software, but the analysis of antennas at each stage of optimization is executed in the CST Microwave Studio Software. For this purpose, with the help of Visual Basic for Applications programming, an automated link is created between the MATLAB Software and CST Microwave Studio Software. The optimization results showed the ability of this method to design very small antennas with desired functional characteristics. The results showed that the return loss for the entire operational spectrum is below − 10 dB. Also, the correlation coefficient of the proposed planar super wideband monopole antenna has different values in different radiation angles.
Framing Subjective Emotion Reports as Dynamic Affective Decisions
Authors: Teoh Yi Yang , Cunningham William A. , Hutcherson Cendri A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelf-reports remain affective science’s only direct measure of subjective affective experiences. Yet, little research has sought to understand the psychological process that transforms subjective experience into self-reports. Here, we propose that by framing these self-reports as dynamic affective decisions, affective scientists may leverage the computational tools of decision-making research, sequential sampling models specifically, to better disentangle affective experience from the noisy decision processes that constitute self-report. We further outline how such an approach could help affective scientists better probe the specific mechanisms that underlie important moderators of affective experience (e.g., contextual differences, individual differences, and emotion regulation) and discuss how adopting this decision-making framework could generate insight into affective processes more broadly and facilitate reciprocal collaborations between affective and decision scientists towards a more comprehensive and integrative psychological science.
Biochar filler in MEX and VPP additive manufacturing: characterization and reinforcement effects in polylactic acid and standard grade resin matrices
Authors: Vidakis Nectarios , Kalderis Dimitrios , Petousis Markos , Maravelakis Emmanuel , Mountakis Nikolaos , Bolanakis Nikolaos , Papadakis Vassilis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of sustainable and functional biocomposites remains a robust research and industrial claim. Herein, the efficiency of using eco-friendly biochar as reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Two AM technologies were applied, i.e., vat photopolymerization (VPP) and material extrusion (MEX). A standard-grade resin in VPP and the also eco-friendly biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) in the MEX process were selected as polymeric matrices. Biochar was prepared in the study from olive trees. Composites were developed for both 3D printing processes at different biochar loadings. Samples were 3D-printed and mechanically tested after international test standards. Thermogravimetric Analysis and Raman revealed the thermal and structural characteristics of the composites. Morphological and fractographic features were derived, among others, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Biochar was proven to be sufficient reinforcement agent, especially in the filament MEX process, reaching more than 20% improvement at 4 wt.% loading in tensile strength compared to the pure PLA control samples. In the VPP process, results were not as satisfactory, still, a 5% improvement was achieved in the flexural strength with 0.5 wt.% biochar loading. The findings prove the strong potential of biochar-based composites in AM applications, too.
Graphical Abstract
Understanding transitions in animated bar charts
Authors: Wei Datong , Liu Can , Zhang Xiaolong , Yuan Xiaoru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnimated bar charts have gained popularity on the Internet for their ability to display historical rankings through smooth animated transitions that clearly show the rankings over time. To investigate the usage scenarios of these charts, we analyzed the pop-up comments to understand viewers’ focus. Our findings suggest that animated transitions play a key role in viewers’ perception of ranking changes. We summarized various transition methods and evaluated their impact on user perception and memory through user experiments. We also conducted a detailed analysis of each transition method’s implementation. Our research sheds light on the effectiveness of different transition strategies for animated bar charts.
Hand hygiene behavior change: a review and pilot study of an automated hand hygiene reminder system implementation in a public hospital
Authors: Seferi Arta , Parginos Kalliopi , Jean Wiline , Calero Christopher , Fogel Joshua , Modeste Shantel , Scott Beverley-Ann , Daly-Walsh Marjorie , Yap Wilfredo , Kaur Manjinder , Brady Terence , Madaline Theresa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To review and study implementation of an automated hand hygiene reminder system (AHHRS).

Design:
Prospective, nonrandomized, before-after quality improvement pilot study conducted over 6 months.

Setting:
Medical-surgical unit (MSU) and medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a public hospital in New York City.

Participants:
There were 2,642 healthcare worker observations in the direct observation (DO) period versus 265,505 in the AHHRS period, excluding AHHRS observations collected during the 1-month crossover period when simultaneous DO occurred.

Intervention:
We compared hand hygiene adherence (HHA) measured by DO prior to the pilot and after AHHRS implementation. We compared changes in HHA and potential cross-contamination events (CCEs) (room exit and subsequent entry without HHA) from baseline for each biweekly period during the pilot.

Results:
Engagement, education/training, data transparency, and optimization period resulted in successful implementation and adoption of the AHHRS. Observations were greater utilizing AHHRS than DO (265,505 vs 2,642, P < .01). Due to the expected Hawthorne effect, HHA was significantly less for AHHRS than DO in MSU (90.99% vs 97.21%, P < .01) and MICU (91.21% vs 98.65%, P < .01). HHA significantly improved from 86.47% to 89.68% in MSU (P < .001) and 85.93% to 91.24% in the MICU (P < .001) from the first biweekly period of AHHRS utilization to the last. CCE decreased from 73.42% to 65.11% in the MSU and significantly decreased from 81.22% to 53.19% in the MICU (P < .05).

Conclusions:
We describe how an AHHRS approach was successfully implemented at our facility. With ongoing feedback and system optimization, AHHRS improved HHA and reduced CCE over time.
Pediatric primary care provider and staff perspectives on the implementation of electronic health record-based social needs interventions: A mixed-methods study
Authors: LeLaurin Jennifer H. , De La Cruz Jacqueline , Theis Ryan P. , Thompson Lindsay A. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Salloum Ramzi G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Interventions to address social needs in clinical settings can improve child and family health outcomes. Electronic health record (EHR) tools are available to support these interventions but are infrequently used. This mixed-methods study sought to identify approaches for implementing social needs interventions using an existing EHR module in pediatric primary care.

Methods:
We conducted focus groups and interviews with providers and staff (n = 30) and workflow assessments (n = 48) at four pediatric clinics. Providers and staff completed measures assessing the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of social needs interventions. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the study. A hybrid deductive-inductive approach was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results:
Median scores (range 1–5) for acceptability (4.9) and appropriateness (5.0) were higher than feasibility (3.9). Perceived barriers to implementation related to duplicative processes, parent disclosure, and staffing limitations. Facilitators included the relative advantage of the EHR module compared to existing documentation practices, importance of addressing social needs, and compatibility with clinic culture and workflow. Self-administered screening was seen as inappropriate for sensitive topics. Strategies identified included providing resource lists, integrating social needs assessments with existing screening questionnaires, and reducing duplicative documentation.

Conclusions:
This study offers insight into the implementation of EHR-based social needs interventions and identifies strategies to promote intervention uptake. Findings highlight the need to design interventions that are feasible to implement in real-world settings. Future work should focus on integrating multiple stakeholder perspectives to inform the development of EHR tools and clinical workflows to support social needs interventions.
Genomic insights into a tripartite ancestry in the Southern Ryukyu Islands
Authors: Cooke Niall P. , Mattiangeli Valeria , Cassidy Lara M. , Okazaki Kenji , Kasai Kenji , Bradley Daniel G. , Gakuhari Takashi , Nakagome Shigeki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A tripartite structure for the genetic origin of Japanese populations states that present-day populations are descended from three main ancestors: (1) the indigenous Jomon hunter–gatherers; (2) a Northeast Asian component that arrived during the agrarian Yayoi period; and (3) a major influx of East Asian ancestry in the imperial Kofun period. However, the genetic heterogeneity observed in different regions of the Japanese archipelago highlights the need to assess the applicability and suitability of this model. Here, we analyse historic genomes from the southern Ryukyu Islands, which have unique cultural and historical backgrounds compared with other parts of Japan. Our analysis supports the tripartite structure as the best fit in this region, with significantly higher estimated proportions of Jomon ancestry than mainland Japanese. Unlike the main islands, where each continental ancestor was directly brought by immigrants from the continent, those who already possessed the tripartite ancestor migrated to the southern Ryukyu Islands and admixed with the prehistoric people around the eleventh century AD, coinciding with the emergence of the Gusuku period. These results reaffirm the tripartite model in the southernmost extremes of the Japanese archipelago and show variability in how the structure emerged in diverse geographic regions.
Generalized tilting theory in functor categories
Authors: Tang Xi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of generalized tilting theory of functor categories in different levels. First, we extend Miyashita’s proof (Math Z 193:113–146,1986) of the generalized Brenner–Butler theorem to arbitrary functor categories
$\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits\!(\mathcal{C})$
with
$\mathcal{C}$
an annuli variety. Second, a hereditary and complete cotorsion pair generated by a generalized tilting subcategory
$\mathcal{T}$
of
$\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits \!(\mathcal{C})$
is constructed. Some applications of these two results include the equivalence of Grothendieck groups
$K_0(\mathcal{C})$
and
$K_0(\mathcal{T})$
, the existences of a new abelian model structure on the category of complexes
$\mathop{\textrm{C}}\nolimits \!(\!\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits\!(\mathcal{C}))$
, and a t-structure on the derived category
$\mathop{\textrm{D}}\nolimits \!(\!\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits \!(\mathcal{C}))$
.
Prime divisors and the number of conjugacy classes of finite groups
Authors: KELLER THOMAS MICHAEL , MORETÓ ALEXANDER 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that there exists a universal constant D such that if p is a prime divisor of the index of the Fitting subgroup of a finite group G, then the number of conjugacy classes of G is at least
$Dp/\log_2p$
. We conjecture that we can take
$D=1$
and prove that for solvable groups, we can take
$D=1/3$
.
Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Cornwell Harriet , Toschi Nicola , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Staginnus Marlene , Smaragdi Areti , Gonzalez-Madruga Karen , Rogers Jack , Martinelli Anne , Kohls Gregor , Raschle Nora Maria , Konrad Kerstin , Stadler Christina , Freitag Christine , De Brito Stephane , Fairchild Graeme 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9–18 years (Mage = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual’s distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience.
Two-level type theory and applications - ERRATUM
Authors: Annenkov Danil , Capriotti Paolo , Kraus Nicolai , Sattler Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe define and develop two-level type theory (2LTT), a version of Martin-Löf type theory which combines two different type theories. We refer to them as the ‘inner’ and the ‘outer’ type theory. In our case of interest, the inner theory is homotopy type theory (HoTT) which may include univalent universes and higher inductive types. The outer theory is a traditional form of type theory validating uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP). One point of view on it is as internalised meta-theory of the inner type theory. There are two motivations for 2LTT. Firstly, there are certain results about HoTT which are of meta-theoretic nature, such as the statement that semisimplicial types up to level n can be constructed in HoTT for any externally fixed natural number n. Such results cannot be expressed in HoTT itself, but they can be formalised and proved in 2LTT, where n will be a variable in the outer theory. This point of view is inspired by observations about conservativity of presheaf models. Secondly, 2LTT is a framework which is suitable for formulating additional axioms that one might want to add to HoTT. This idea is heavily inspired by Voevodsky’s Homotopy Type System (HTS), which constitutes one specific instance of a 2LTT. HTS has an axiom ensuring that the type of natural numbers behaves like the external natural numbers, which allows the construction of a universe of semisimplicial types. In 2LTT, this axiom can be assumed by postulating that the inner and outer natural numbers types are isomorphic. After defining 2LTT, we set up a collection of tools with the goal of making 2LTT a convenient language for future developments. As a first such application, we develop the theory of Reedy fibrant diagrams in the style of Shulman. Continuing this line of thought, we suggest a definition of
$(\infty,1)$
-category and give some examples.
How Political Content in Us Weekly Can Reduce Polarized Affect Toward Elected Officials
Authors: Wolak Jennifer 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTPoliticians invest a lot of energy into managing their image, with the hope that the public views them favorably. In sharing details about themselves, elected officials want to be seen as people, not just as politicians. Are these efforts successful? I explore this question using an experiment inspired by a column in the celebrity entertainment magazine Us Weekly. I find that politicians who share nonpolitical autobiographical details about themselves secure warmer evaluations from the public. Reading this type of personalizing information also can contribute to ratings of elected officials that are less polarized by partisanship. While personalizing information boosts favorability toward politicians across party lines, members of the opposing party are particularly likely to report warmer affect toward the politician about whom they read. This suggests that this type of soft news coverage has the potential to depolarize partisan evaluations of politicians.