bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Heat Islands in the Urban Built Environment: Quantifying the Spatial Patterns of UHIs Intensity in Oslo, Norway, Using High-Resolution Crowdsourced Weather Observations
Authors: Badach Joanna , Coelho Guilherme B. A. , Kraniotis Dimitrios , Schild Peter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUrban heat islands (UHIs) in the built environment are becoming alarmingly severe, calling for urgent climate change mitigation measures. Common data collection and data-driven analysis protocols are needed to efficiently study this phenomenon across different urban areas. The emerging low-cost sensing systems and weather data crowdsourcing are showing a great potential to support these efforts. This study explores the spatial patterns of UHIs in the city of Oslo, Norway, as similar studies in northern European cities are still too scarce. It leverages the available weather data from municipal stations and crowdsourced weather observations with high spatial resolution (over 2800 stations in the area) to characterize the phenomenon at city scale. The results show that Oslo is affected by UHIs, with its intensity reaching up to 5.5° in some districts. They also suggest that in particular conditions the spatial distribution of UHIs does not always follow the typical pattern, i.e., higher temperatures in downtown and more urbanized areas, and lower temperatures in less dense areas with more open and green spaces. Occasional negative UHIs intensity values were also captured. These effects may be the result of the strong influence of weather phenomena and topography. The findings in this study indicate the need for careful consideration of the underlying local conditions to better understand UHIs drivers and develop more targeted urban planning policies and mitigation strategies. Therefore, future studies should delve into the links between UHIs intensity and urban form characteristics.
The Effect of Student Active Learning on Awareness of Students on Environmental Impacts of Material Selection for Building Application: A Case Study
Authors: Baghban Mohammad Hajmohammadian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents an investigation on implementing student active learning in a civil engineering course dealing with concrete as a building material. The primary objective was to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes through the integration of a variety of activities. A key anticipated learning outcome of this course was an understanding of sustainability issues, including the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the materials. Increasing student awareness of the environmental impacts associated with material selection for building applications can empower future experts to make informed choices that contribute to sustainability and net-zero construction. In this paper, the performance of the students in the course after implementing flipped classroom and selected student active learning methods with a focus on student awareness on consequences and environmental impacts of choice of the material is discussed. Selection and modification of the research methods were conducted by considering existing literature, own experience, communication with colleagues, and students’ feedback. The main activities include multiple choice questions before attending the physical classroom, laboratory-based project assignments with pre-recorded video guidelines, as well as quizzes and discussions during the physical classroom by using a digital learning platform. The learning outcomes were assessed by collecting the feedback from student activities during the course, as well as project report and the final exam. The results show that the selected student active learning approaches enhanced student motivation and their reflection on learning outcomes in the course. The student’s reflection on the environmental impacts of the materials and the way to reduce them was significantly improved due to conducting a lab-based project as a course assignment as well as the planned discussion arrangements.
Rural Education, Agroecology, and Environmental Know-How
Authors: Bricca Lucas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter details the environmental education articles of the 2022 constitutional text in relation to a community garden initiative in the Province of Los Andes in central Chile. I explore how the text’s educational framework aimed to institutionalize local knowledge networks by supporting diverse learning environments, participatory education, and tying education to holistic social outcomes. I examine the kinds of education and knowledge that the constitutional text articulates, and the relevance of these notions for agroecology.
Comparative analysis of adenosine 1 receptor expression and function in hippocampal and hypothalamic neurons
Authors: Wegmann Lea , Haas Helmut L. , Sergeeva Olga A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Adenosine, an ATP degradation product, is a sleep pressure factor. The adenosine 1 receptor (A1R) reports sleep need. Histaminergic neurons (HN) of the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) fire exclusively during wakefulness and promote arousal. All of them express GABAA receptors and are inhibited by GABA. Does adenosine contribute to their silencing?

Subjects and treatment
Responses to adenosine were studied in mouse brain slices and primary dissociated cultures. For HN identification single-cell (sc)RT-PCR, reporter protein and pharmacology were used. Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus granular layer cells (DGgc) were studied in parallel.

Methods
Firing frequency was recorded in patch-clamp configuration or by microelectrode arrays. A1R-expression was studied by scRT-PCR and semiquantitative PCR.

Results
Most DGgc were inhibited through A1R, detected with scRT-PCR in 7 out of 10 PDZd2-positive DGgc; all HN were A1R negative. One HN out of 25 was inhibited by adenosine. The A1R mRNA level in the hippocampus was 6 times higher than in the caudal (posterior) hypothalamus. Response to adenosine was weaker in hypothalamic compared to hippocampal cultures.

Conclusions
Most HN are not inhibited by adenosine.
Gluing Algebraic Quantum Field Theories on Manifolds
Authors: Anastopoulos Angelos , Benini Marco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIt has been observed that, given an algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT) on a manifold M and an open cover $$\{M_\alpha \}$$

{

M
α

}

of M, it is typically not possible to recover the global algebra of observables on M by simply gluing the underlying local algebras subordinate to $$\{M_\alpha \}$$

{

M
α

}

. Instead of gluing local algebras, we introduce a gluing construction for AQFTs subordinate to $$\{M_\alpha \}$$

{

M
α

}

and we show that for simple examples of AQFTs, constructed out of geometric data, gluing the local AQFTs subordinate to $$\{M_\alpha \}$$

{

M
α

}

recovers the global AQFT on M.
Non-invasive in vitro NAM for the detection of reversible and irreversible eye damage after chemical exposure for GHS classification purposes (ImAi)
Authors: Knetzger Nicola , Ertych Norman , Burgdorf Tanja , Beranek Joelle , Oelgeschläger Michael , Wächter Jana , Horchler Annika , Gier Stefanie , Windbergs Maike , Fayyaz Susann , Grimm Fabian A. , Wiora Georg , Lotz Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The potential risk of chemicals to the human eye is assessed by adopted test guidelines (TGs) for regulatory purposes to ensure consumer safety. Over the past decade, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has approved new approach methodologies (NAMs) to predict chemical eye damage. However, existing NAMs remain associated with limitations: First, no full replacement of the in vivo Draize eye test due to limited predictability of severe/mild damage was reached. Second, the existing NAMs do not allow reliable differentiation between reversible and irreversible eye damage. Especially the prediction of tissue recovery remains challenging in vitro. Existing in vitro NAMs are based on destructive analysis with no consideration of tissue recovery. In this study, we developed a standalone eye-irritation test method based on non-invasive impedance spectroscopy (ImAi) to discriminate between damaging and irritating chemicals. Tissue effects were analyzed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements of human in vitro epithelial models over 14 days. The TEER was performed using a developed impedance spectrometer. For development of the EIT, a chemical reference list of 329 chemicals was compiled. The applicability of the ImAi-test was exemplified by the discrimination of Cat. 1 vs. Cat. 2 for 23 reference chemicals. Correct classification was achieved for 90.9% of Cat. 1 and 83.3% of Cat. 2 chemicals. Our non-invasive in vitro test overcomes the limitations of Cat. 2 classification of the existing in vitro methods and provides for the first time a non-animal test method that can fully replace the Draize eye test.
Dielectric and spectroscopic features of Li2O/Fe2O3/In2O3/P2O5 glass systems doped with Bi2O3
Authors: Mahdy Ebrahim A. , Ibrahim S. , Abo-Mosallam H. A. , Fathi Ahlam M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A comprehensive exploration of penta glass systems’ spectroscopic and dielectric characteristics was achieved, specifically for the glass series 20Li2O–15Fe2O3–5In2O3–xBi2O3–(60–x) P2O5(x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 mol %). Both average phosphorus-phosphorus separation and crystalline volume were found to decrease depending on Bi2O3 content. The optical band gap obtained from diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) is found to be in the range of 1.58–1.81 eV with increasing bismuth oxide content. The optical band gap increases with bismuth content, which can be ascribed to structural changes and the reduction in non-bridging oxygen (NBO). A decrease in optical parameters, viz., refractive index (2.945–2.824), molar refractivity (32.45–29.12), and molar polarizability values (12.88–11.56), occurs with Bi2O3 content. The glasses have been designated as semiconductors due to an increase in the metallization criteria values (M lie between 0.2811 and 0.3008). The obtained results exhibit contraction in the bonds of the glass matrix and an increase in rigidity of the structure at a higher content of Bi2O3.The dc and ac conductivity of the studied glasses were affected by the O/P ratio, as they attained high values at O/P > 3.0. The asymmetrical shape of the Nyquist semicircle indicated that the glasses behavior deviated from Debye relaxation. The overall behavior of the electrical properties of the studied glasses revealed their semiconducting performance. The examined glasses could be good choices for photonic applications.
On Performance of Data Models and Machine Learning Routines for Simulations of Casting Processes
Authors: Horr Amir M. , Gómez Vázquez Rodrigo , Blacher David 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe performance of data models and their associated machine-learning (ML) routines for simulations of multi-physical continuous casting processes are scrutinised in this research contribution. Data science techniques have a growing impact on the optimisation and controlling of manufacturing processes by providing fast and real-time predictive-corrective tools. These techniques employ data analytics, data training/learning, and deterministic/statistical methods to create fast and real-time models to improve manufacturing processes. In this research work, data reduced models and ML routines are developed to predict the influence of various process parameters on direct chill casting processes.These data models represent the essential features of the multi-physical casting processes, while significantly reducing the simulation time and efforts. Hence, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are initially used to create a comprehensive database where variations of major process parameters are considered using carefully sampled snapshot matrices. These matrices are employed to capture the most important aspects of the processing parameters including melt temperature, cooling and casting speed. Furthermore, the resulting data models are thoroughly examined for their accuracy and reliability using some selected design of experiments (DOEs).
Evaluating racial disparities in cancer patient-provider communication about cannabis in a state without a legal cannabis marketplace
Authors: Wedel Amelia V. , Walters Kyle J. , Tomko Rachel L. , Rojewski Alana M. , McClure Erin A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Cancer survivors in a state with no legal access to cannabis may be hesitant to discuss their cannabis use with providers, particularly in light of legal consequences which disproportionately affect certain racial groups. This study examined potential racial disparities in the relationship of cannabis use status with patient-provider discussions of and attitudes toward cannabis in a state where there is no legal cannabis marketplace.

Methods
Survivors of cancer (N = 1003, M
age = 62.36; 13% Black/African-American; 41% male) completed a cross-sectional survey. Weight-adjusted regressions examined racial differences in the relationship between cannabis use status with (a) comfort and discussion of cannabis with providers, and (b) beliefs about impact of legalization on patients’ and providers’ comfort discussing cannabis.

Results
No racial differences were observed in rates of cannabis use or discussion, and patients who used cannabis were more comfortable discussing cannabis. Black patients who had used cannabis reported the greatest comfort discussing cannabis with providers, but also the greatest perceived improvement in comfort in the event of legalization.

Conclusions
Results highlight comfort and willingness to discuss cannabis with cancer care providers, particularly among Black patients who already use cannabis, which was not the hypothesized direction of findings. Further work is needed to inform recommendations for provider-led communication about cannabis.
Incidence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in different membrane oxygenators: pilot in vitro experiments in commercially available coated membranes
Authors: Foltan M. , Dinh D. , Gruber M. , Müller T. , Hart C. , Krenkel L. , Schmid C. , Lehle K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were detected in blood samples and in cellular deposits of oxygenator membranes during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and may be responsible for thrombogenesis. The aim was to evaluate the effect of the base material of gas fiber (GF, polymethylpentene) and heat exchange (HE) membranes and different antithrombogenic coatings on isolated granulocytes from healthy volunteers under static culture conditions. Contact of granulocytes with membranes from different ECMO oxygenators (with different surface coatings) and uncoated-GFs allowed detection of adherent cells and NETotic nuclear structures (normal, swollen, ruptured) using nuclear staining. Flow cytometry was used to identify cell activation (CD11b/CD62L, oxidative burst) of non-adherent cells. Uncoated-GFs were used as a reference. Within 3 h, granulocytes adhered to the same extent on all surfaces. In contrast, the ratio of normal to NETotic cells was significantly higher for uncoated-GFs (56–83%) compared to all coated GFs (34–72%) (p < 0.001) with no difference between the coatings. After material contact, non-adherent cells remained vital with unchanged oxidative burst function and the proportion of activated cells remained low. The expression of activation markers was independent of the origin of the GF material. In conclusion, the polymethylpentene surfaces of the GFs already induce NET formation. Antithrombogenic coatings can already reduce the proportion of NETotic nuclei. However, it cannot be ruled out that NET formation can induce thrombotic events. Therefore, new surfaces or coatings are required for future ECMO systems and long-term implantable artificial lungs.
Current level of rheumatology teaching amongst undergraduate medical students: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kouranloo Koushan , Myall Nikki , Christie Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Data from the British Society of Rheumatology demonstrate a lack of exposure to rheumatology for medical students, potentially impacting career choice. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on quantity, type and quality of rheumatology teaching for undergraduate medical students. This SLR was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023472169). Articles published in English-language until February 2024 were included. Information was extracted on demographics, method(s) and hours for rheumatology teaching, and students’ and educators’ feedback, where reported. Eight cross-sectional studies were included, published between 1981 and 2024. Studies were conducted in UK (3); USA (2); Australia (1); Pan-European (1) and Uganda (1). Year of rheumatology teaching at medical school was reported in four studies (three UK; one USA). The three UK studies taught rheumatology in the latter years of study; in the USA study, rheumatology was taught every year. Duration of exposure to rheumatology was 15–96 h per student. Reported teaching methods included lecture-based, rheumatology inpatient service, shadowing consultations and patient education. Student feedback was available in one (UK based) study- four students felt they had limited exposure to rheumatology; eight considered it “niche”. Factors identified for poor exposure to rheumatology included lack of full-time rheumatologists on the school’s faculty; lack of specialty training programmes in local hospitals; greater emphasis on acute specialties (e.g. emergency medicine). Exposure to and student awareness of clinical rheumatology has markedly decreased over time. Given the ageing population and increase in multimorbidity, there is a need to increase exposure and encourage entry to rheumatology training.

Key Points• There are clear differences between the methods of rheumatology teaching between institutions and countries.• Teaching hours dedicated to undergraduate rheumatology education have overall markedly decreased over time, resulting in variable student awareness of the depth and breadth of this speciality.• The overall lack of exposure to rheumatology in undergraduate programmes has been associated with a lack of uptake of rheumatology as a career amongst medical students globally.• Our results indicate a need for a minimum required number of hours of teaching dedicated to rheumatology, delivered by specialists as well as a standardised undergraduate curriculum of competencies to better reflect the needs of our increasingly ageing and multimorbid population.
Outcome of follow-up computed tomography of suspected occult scaphoid fracture after normal radiography
Authors: Geijer Mats , Gunnlaugsson Eirikur , Arvidsson Linnea , Österhed Elin , Tägil Magnus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the rate of missed scaphoid fractures on follow-up computed tomography (CT) for suspected occult scaphoid fracture after normal radiography with residual radial-sided wrist pain.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis, wrist CT during a five-year period was analyzed. The CT examinations and radiological reports were re-evaluated. Available clinical findings and radiologic follow-up performed during a period of a minimum of three years served as outcome reference.

Results
In total, 178 examinations had been performed on 174 patients for suspect scaphoid fracture, 67 men and 107 women, showing 15 and 6 scaphoid fractures, respectively; a statistically significant sex difference (p = 0.0024). In 157 examinations, no scaphoid fracture was detected on CT, instead 29 other wrist or carpal bone fractures were found. On follow-up, no missed scaphoid fractures were found. Before CT, 124 of the 157 patients had been treated with a cast. After CT, 35 patients continued with cast treatment for a median of 14 days.

Conclusions
CT appears to be a reliable method for evaluating suspect scaphoid fracture as part of a diagnosis-treatment regimen including pain immobilization with a plaster cast.
AlkaPhos: a novel fluorescent probe as a potential point-of-care diagnostic tool to estimate recurrence risk of meningiomas
Authors: Hemmer Sina , Hui Xin , Draeger Julia , Menges Johannes , Schwarz Eva C. , Wrede Arne , Oertel Joachim , Kaestner Lars , Jung Gregor , Urbschat Steffi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) increases recurrence rates in meningiomas by up to 33%, regardless of tumor grade, correlating with absence of intracellular alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. Current screening methods for 1p deletion like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis are resource-intensive. This study evaluated AlkaPhos, a novel fluorescent probe, for detecting alkaline phosphatase in meningioma cells and compared findings with FISH, LOH, and histochemical analysis. AlkaPhos sensitivity in detecting alkaline phosphatase on BEN-MEN-1 cells and primary meningioma cultures was assessed via microscopic fluorescent ratio measurements. FISH and LOH were conducted on the same tumors to detect 1p deletions. Histochemical analysis served as a reference. AlkaPhos results were compared with FISH, LOH, and histochemical analysis. AlkaPhos effectively indicated alkaline phosphatase activity in BEN-MEN-1 cells and correctly identified 1p deletion in 8/14 primary meningioma cultures, matching FISH and LOH findings, respectively. AlkaPhos showed potential superiority over histochemical analysis in identifying tumors with 1p deletion and LOH of 1p. AlkaPhos bears potential as a future diagnostic tool for identifying alkaline phosphatase absence in meningiomas, indicative of 1p deletion. Further evaluation on a larger sample size is necessary for routine clinical application.
Extract, model, refine: improved modelling of program verification tools through data enrichment
Authors: Lathouwers Sophie , Liu Yujie , Zaytsev Vadim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn software engineering, models are used for many different things. In this paper, we focus on program verification, where we use models to reason about the correctness of systems. There are many different types of program verification techniques which provide different correctness guarantees. We investigate the domain of program verification tools and present a concise megamodel to distinguish these tools. We also present a data set of 400+ program verification tools. This data set includes the category of verification tool according to our megamodel, practical information such as input/output format, repository links and more. The practical information, such as last commit date, is kept up to date through the use of APIs. Moreover, part of the data extraction has been automated to make it easier to expand the data set. The categorisation enables software engineers to find suitable tools, investigate alternatives and compare tools. We also identify trends for each level in our megamodel. Our data set, publicly available at https://doi.org/10.4121/20347950, can be used by software engineers to enter the world of program verification and find a verification tool based on their requirements. This paper is an extended version of https://doi.org/10.1145/3550355.3552426.
Neues zum Wolf aus Luxemburg: Die rechtlichen Grenzen der Wolfsjagd im Lichte der jüngsten Rechtsprechung des EuGH
Authors: Mittag Mareike Lena Christin , Mittag Vincent 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Rückkehr des Wolfes nach Europa verläuft nicht ohne Konflikte. Beständig wird daher – insbesondere seitens Weidetierhalterinnen und -haltern – gefordert, man möge die Jagd auf Wölfe erleichtern. Der EuGH hat sich nun jüngst in gleich zwei Fällen grundlegend mit der Wolfsjagd befasst. Der Beitrag nimmt diese Urteile in den Blick und zum Anlass, einmal die Grenzen der Wolfsjagd nachzuzeichnen, wie sie sich aus dem Völker- und Europarecht ergeben.