bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast and Controlled Capturing, Loading, and Release of Extracellular Vesicles by a Portable Microstructured Electrochemical Fluidic Device
Authors: Krivitsky Vadim , Krivitsky Adva , Mantella Valeria , Ben‐Yehuda Greenwald Maya , Sankar Devanarayanan Siva , Betschmann Jil , Bader Johannes , Zoratto Nicole , Schreier Kento , Feiss Sarah , Walker Dario , Dengjel Jörn , Werner Sabine , Leroux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all living cells and are found in body fluids. They exert numerous physiological and pathological functions and serve as cargo shuttles. Due to their safety and inherent bioactivity, they have emerged as versatile therapeutic agents, biomarkers, and potential drug carriers. Despite the growing interest in EVs, current progress in this field is, in part, limited by relatively inefficient isolation techniques. Conventional methods are indeed slow, laborious, require specialized laboratory equipment, and may result in low yield and purity. This work describes an electrochemically controlled “all‐in‐one” device enabling capturing, loading, and releasing of EVs. The device is composed of a fluidic channel confined within antibody‐coated microstructured electrodes. It rapidly isolates EVs with a high level of purity from various biofluids. As a proof of principle, the device is applied to isolate EVs from skin wounds of healthy and diabetic mice. Strikingly, it is found that EVs from healing wounds of diabetic mice are enriched in mitochondrial proteins compared to those of healthy mice. Additionally, the device improves the loading protocol of EVs with polyplexes, and may therefore find applications in nucleic acid delivery. Overall, the electrochemical device can greatly facilitate the development of EVs‐based technologies.
Device‐Scale Nanochannel Evaporator for High Heat Flux Dissipation
Authors: Ranjan Durgesh , Maroo Shalabh C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh heat flux values in thin film evaporation experiments are typically attained based on short wicking distance, ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers between the meniscus and the liquid reservoir, thus making such devices vulnerable to quick drying out while also limiting their real‐world applicability. Here, the performance of a nanochannel (122 nm depth and 10 µm width) based evaporator with FC72 is demonstrated as working fluid. FC72 is an ideal fluid for electronics cooling as it is nonpolar and dielectric with a low boiling point. The 1 mm thick evaporator consists of more than 1000 nanochannels connecting two micro‐reservoirs 4.8 cm apart. Thin film evaporation experiments are conducted for four different power inputs, and the steady‐state wicking distance varied from 21 to 8 mm depending on the evaporator's working temperature. Direct weight measurement of evaporated FC72 is used to estimate the interfacial evaporative heat flux. Such a technique mitigates the need for contact angle measurement in micro/nano confined space, a methodology commonly used in literature studies that is prone to error and uncertainties. The maximum evaporative heat flux is 0.93 kW cm−2 at ≈65 °C hot spot temperature. Interestingly, the product of wicking distance and evaporative heat flux remain constant for all power inputs. Numerical simulations are performed to quantify heat loss and effectiveness of the evaporator.
Stretchable, Adhesive, and Self‐Healable Liquid‐Free Electron‐Conductive Electronics for Wearable Strain Sensors
Authors: Qiao Sheng‐Lin , Zhang Ying‐Ao , Wang Ke , Zhou Da‐Wei , Li Zhen‐Yi , Yang Xiao‐Chun , Yu Shou‐Shan , Chen Ke‐Zheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerformance degradation and even loss of function due to mechanical stiffening caused by internal water evaporation and/or freezing significantly limit the application of hydrogel‐based electronics. Herein, a high‐performance liquid‐free electronic skin (e‐skin) is assembled based on the dry poly(ethylene glycol)‐based gel and conductive Ti3C2 MXenes that is successfully applied in wearable strain sensors. The fabricated liquid‐free e‐skin exhibits superior mechanical performance, broad sensing ranges (>1000%), good temperature adaptability, and durable environmental stability. Without extra sealed packaging, the e‐skin sensor maintains remarkable cycling stability and retains 98.5% conductivity at room temperature after 6 months. Furthermore, the liquid‐free e‐skin sensors are utilized to provide individuals with proper guidance on body alignment and posture awareness, fostering the development and maintenance of correct exercise techniques, thus mitigating the likelihood of sports‐related injuries. This work provides a novel liquid‐free electron‐conductive electronic integrated with adhesiveness, stretchability, self‐healabilitiy, and antifreezing, which can meet wide application needs from artificial skins to smart interfaces.
Polyoxometalate‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Cluster‐Organic Supramolecular Framework for Polysulfide Conversion and Guest–Host Recognition in Lithium‐sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ni Lubin , Gu Jie , Jiang Xinyuan , Xu Hongjie , Wu Zhen , Wu Yuchao , Liu Yi , Xie Ju , Wei Yongge , Diao Guowang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeveloping polyoxometalate‐cyclodextrin cluster‐organic supramolecular framework (POM‐CD‐COSF) still remains challenging due to an extremely difficult task in rationally interconnecting two dissimilar building blocks. Here we report an unprecedented POM‐CD‐COSF crystalline structure produced through the self‐assembly process of a Krebs‐type POM, [Zn2(WO2)2(SbW9O33)2]10−, and two β‐CD units. The as‐prepared POM‐CD‐COSF‐based battery separator can be applied as a lightweight barrier (approximately 0.3 mg cm−2) to mitigate the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium‐sulfur batteries. The designed Li−S batteries equipped with the POM‐CD‐COSF modified separator exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance, attributed to fast Li+ diffusion through the supramolecular channel of β‐CD, efficient polysulfide‐capture ability by the dynamic host–guest interaction of β‐CD, and improved sulfur redox kinetics by the bidirectional catalysis of POM cluster. This research provides a broad perspective for the development of multifunctional supramolecular POM frameworks and their applications in Li−S batteries.
Hydrogen‐Atom Tunneling in a Homochiral Environment
Authors: Xie Fan , Sun Wenhao , Hartwig Beppo , Obenchain Daniel A. , Schnell Melanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe role‐exchanging concerted torsional motion of two hydrogen atoms in the homochiral dimer of trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol was characterized through a combination of broadband rotational spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. The results reveal that the concerted tunneling motion of the hydrogen atoms leads to the inversion of the sign of the dipole moment components along the a and b principal axes, due to the interchange motion that cooperatively breaks and reforms one intermolecular hydrogen bond. This motion is also coupled with two acceptor switching motions. The energy difference between the two ground vibrational states arising from this tunneling motion was determined to be 29.003(2) MHz. The corresponding wavefunctions suggest that the two hydrogen atoms are evenly delocalized on two equivalent potential wells, which differs from the heterochiral case where the hydrogen atoms are confined in separate wells, as the permutation‐inversion symmetry breaks down. This intriguing contrast in hydrogen‐atom behavior between homochiral and heterochiral environments could further illuminate our understanding of the role of chirality in intermolecular interactions and dynamics.
Controlled Partial Linker Thermolysis in Metal‐Organic Framework UiO‐66‐NH2 to Give a Single‐Site Copper Photocatalyst for the Functionalization of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Li Mengying , Liu Xin , Che Yan , Xing Hongzhu , Sun Fanfei , Zhou Wei , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with expanding porosity and tailored pore environments are intriguing for catalytic applications. We report herein a straightforward method of controlled partial linker thermolysis to introduce desirable mesopores into mono‐ligand MOFs, which is different from the classical thermolyzing method that starts from mixed‐linker MOFs. UiO‐66‐NH2, after partial ligand thermolysis, exhibits significant mesoporosity, retained crystal structure, improved charge photogeneration and abundant anchoring sites, which is ideal to explore single‐site photocatalysis. Atomically dispersed Cu is then accommodated in the tailored pore. The resulting single‐site Cu catalyst exhibits excellent performance for photocatalytic alkylation and oxidation coupling for the functionalization of terminal alkynes. The study highlights the advantage of controlled partial linker thermolysis to synthesize hierarchical MOFs to achieve the advanced single‐site photocatalysis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Difluoromethylation‐Alkynylation of Olefins by Solving the Dilemma between Acidities and Reduction Potentials of Difluoromethylating Agents
Authors: Wei Zhiqiang , Zheng Weiqin , Wan Xiaolong , Hu Jinbo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMolecules containing a difluoromethyl group or a propargylic stereocenter are widely used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and 1,2‐functionalization of olefins is an important method for introducing the two groups into molecules simultaneously. The construction of the propargylic stereocenter with terminal alkynes usually requires bases. However, difluoromethylating agents with high reduction potentials often decompose in the presence of bases because of their acidities, and those with low reduction potentials are stable but difficult to undergo the desired single electron transfer (SET) reduction. Using the linear relationship between reduction potential differences (ΔE) and Hammett substituent constants (σ) of difluoromethyl aryl sulfones, we solved the dilemma between acidities and reduction potentials of difluoromethylating agents. Herein, we report the first enantioselective difluoromethylation‐alkynylation of olefins with difluoromethyl 4‐chlorophenyl sulfone with high enantioselectivity (>90 % ee). We also extended this asymmetric fluoroalkylation‐alkynylation reaction with other fluoroalkyl sulfones, which enabled efficient installation of trifluoromethyl, difluoroalkyl, difluorobenzyl, (benzenesulfonyl)‐difluoromethyl and monofluoromethyl groups into products.
Effects of soft and hard fillers on electromechanical properties and performance of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for actuator applications
Authors: Prabhakar Om Prakash , Sahu Raj Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDesired ratio of relative permittivity and elastic modulus limits the application of silicone rubbers as flexible electromechanical actuators. The relative permittivity can be improved by incorporating varieties of high‐k (high dielectric constant) particles and polymer reagents as plasticizers and crosslinkers into elastomer matrix. The present work investigates the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) flakes, as a soft filler, and titanium diborides (TB) particles, as a hard filler, on electromechanical actuation performance of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for soft actuator. Elastomer composites with various concentrations of fillers are prepared to compare the influences on optical, dielectric, and mechanical properties. Uniform dispersion of fillers is confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer, and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy analysis. Results show that the elastic modulus and relative permittivity are significantly influenced by filler contents. The elastic modulus increases with lower concentrations of PEG fillers, and at 8 wt%, it becomes comparable to the base material. Soft fillers aid in maintaining low elastic modulus, whereas hard fillers increase electrical breakdown strength as well as dielectric loss with almost equal changes in relative permittivity for both composites. The maximum actuation strain of 30.8% and 26.2% is attained for an in‐house fabricated linear actuator with 8 wt% of PEG and TB particles, respectively.
Sex‐based treatment and outcomes for coronary bifurcation stenting: A report from the e‐ULTIMASTER registry
Authors: Doolub Gemina , Iannaccone Mario , Rab Tanveer , Routledge Helen , Aminian Adel , Chevalier Bernard , Hildick‐Smith David , Jacobs Lotte , Kobo Ofer , Roguin Ariel , Chieffo Alaide , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions can be technically challenging and is associated with higher risk. There is little data on sex‐based differences in strategy and outcomes in bifurcation PCI.AimsWe sought to assess whether differences exist between women and men in the treatment and outcomes of bifurcation PCI.MethodsWe collected data on 4006 patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, from the e‐ULTIMASTER study, a prospective, multicentre study enrolling patients from 2014 to 2018. We divided the bifurcation cohort according to sex, with 1‐year follow‐up of outcomes (target lesion failure [TLF], target vessel failure [TVF], and patient‐oriented composite endpoint [POCE]).FindingsWomen were older (69.2 ± 10.9 years vs. 64.4 ± 11.0 years), with a greater burden of cardiovascular comorbidities. For true and non‐true bifurcation lesions, women and men were equally likely to undergo a single stent approach (true: 63.2% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.79, non‐true: 95.4% vs. 94.3%, p = 0.32), with similar rates of final kissing balloon (FKB) (37.2% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.36) and proximal optimization (POT) (34.4% vs. 34.2%, p = 0.93) in cases where two stents were used. Lastly, after propensity score matching, there was no difference between women and men in the incidence of the composite endpoints of TLF (5.5% vs. 5.2%, RR 1.05 [95% CI 0.77−1.44], p = 0.75), TVF (6.2% vs. 6.3%, RR 0.99 [95% CI 0.74−1.32], p = 0.96), and POCE (9.9% vs. 9.5%, RR 1.05 [95% CI 0.83−1.31], p = 0.70).ConclusionIn this contemporary, real‐world study of bifurcation PCI, we report no difference in stent strategy between women and men, with similar outcomes at 1‐year.
Effect of hydrocolloids, Pentosan, and egg yolk in mimicking the functional properties of protein in a low‐protein sponge cake
Authors: Karimi Neda , Abbasi Hajar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder of the metabolism of phenylalanine. Patients with PKU have to consume protein‐free or low‐protein products. For the purpose of formulating a low‐protein sponge cake, the effects of Xanthan‐Locust bean hydrocolloids, Pentosan, and egg yolk on the qualitative properties of the product based on corn starch were evaluated.FindingsIndependent variables reduced the hardness and improved the cohesiveness of the products. In a distinctive starch‐based batter, the water absorbability of Pentosan and hydrocolloids and the emulsification property of egg yolk reduced the water availability of starch granules. Increasing the gelatinization temperature of granules increased the expansion of air bubbles, reduced the final product's density, and improved the colorimetric properties of the developed product.ConclusionsThe best sample had 0.33% hydrocolloids, 1.1% Pentosan, and 1.5% egg yolk. Approximately 80% of the protein content of control was reduced in this sample. Its total protein content (1.27/100 g) and amino acid composition (0.028/100 g phenylalanine and 0.04/100 g tyrosine) were in the acceptable range for PKU.Significance and NoveltyThe combination of pentosan and Xanthan‐Locust bean gum at appropriate levels by simulating a gluten‐like network is suitable for the preparation of a low‐protein sponge cake.
Stereoselective study of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine across the blood–brain barrier mediated by organic cation transporter 1/3 in rats using an enantioselective UPLC‐MS/MS method
Authors: An Hai , Fang Jinjun , Wang Min , Lin Haiyang , Sun Yingying , Hu Bingying , He Zhisheng , Ge Zhen , Wei Yang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluoxetine (FLT) is a widely used antidepressant in clinical practice, which can be metabolized into active norfluoxetine (NFLT) in vivo. The stereoselectivity of FLT and NFLT enantiomers across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is still to be clarified. In this study, accurate and reliable UPLC‐MS/MS enantioselective analysis was established in rat plasma and brain. The characteristics of FLT and NFLT enantiomers across the BBB were studied by chemical knockout of rat transporters. We found that the dominant enantiomers of FLT and NFLT were S‐FLT and R‐NFLT, respectively, both in plasma and in brain. The FLT and NFLT enantiomers showed significant stereoselectivity across the BBB, and S‐FLT and S‐NFLT were the dominant configurations across the BBB. Chemical knockout of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and OCT3 can affect the ratio of plasma FLT and NFLT enantiomers into the brain, suggesting that OCT1/3 is stereoselective for FLT and NFLT transport across the BBB.
Intermediates‐induced CO2 Reduction Reaction Activity at Single‐Atom M−N2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) Sites
Authors: Liu Kang , Ni Ganghai , Luo Tao , Fu Junwei , Li Hongmei , Liu Min , Lin Zhang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom M−N2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts exhibit high activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the CO2RR mechanism and the origin of activity at the single‐atom sites remain unclear, which hinders the development of single‐atom M−N2 catalysts. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we reveal intermediates‐induced CO2RR activity at the single‐atom M−N2 sites. At the M−N2 sites, the asymmetric *O*CO configuration tends to split into *CO and *OH intermediates. Intermediates become part of the active moiety to form M−(CO)N2 or M‐(OH)N2 sites, which optimizes the adsorption of intermediates on the M sites. The maximum free energy differences along the optimal CO2RR pathway are 0.30, 0.54, and 0.28 eV for Fe−(OH)N2, Co−(CO)N2, and Ni−(OH)N2 sites respectively, which is lower than those of Fe−N2 (1.03 eV), Co−N2 (1.24 eV) and Ni−N2 (0.73 eV) sites. The intermediate modification can shift the d‐band center of the spin‐up (minority) state downward by regulating the charge distribution at the M sites, leading to less charge being accepted by the intermediates from the M sites. This work provides new insights into the understanding of the activity of single‐atom M−N2 sites.
Enhanced Four‐Electron Selective Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Carbon‐Nanotube‐Supported Sulfonic‐Acid‐Functionalized Copper Phthalocyanine
Authors: Yadav Mamta , Kumar Singh Devesh , Kumar Yadav Dharmendra , Kumar Sonkar Piyush , Gupta Rupali , Ganesan Vellaichamy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present work, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is explored in an acidic medium with two different catalytic supports (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nitrogen‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (NMWCNTs)) and two different catalysts (copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and sulfonic acid functionalized CuPc (CuPc‐SO3−)). The composite, NMWCNTs‐CuPc‐SO3− exhibits high ORR activity (assessed based on the onset potential (0.57 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and Tafel slope) in comparison to the other composites. Rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) studies demonstrate a highly selective four‐electron ORR (less than 2.5 % H2O2 formation) at the NMWCNTs‐CuPc‐SO3−. The synergistic effect of the catalyst support (NMWCNTs) and sulfonic acid functionalization of the catalyst (in CuPc‐SO3−) increase the efficiency and selectivity of the ORR at the NMWCNTs‐CuPc‐SO3−. The catalyst activity of NMWCNTs‐CuPc‐SO3− has been compared with many reported materials and found to be better than several catalysts. NMWCNTs‐CuPc‐SO3− shows high tolerance for methanol and very small deviation in the onset potential (10 mV) between the linear sweep voltammetry responses recorded before and after 3000 cyclic voltammetry cycles, demonstrating exceptional durability. The high durability is attributed to the stabilization of CuPc‐SO3− by the additional coordination with nitrogen (Cu‐Nx) present on the surface of NMWCNTs.
Surface‐Modified Carbon Materials for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Mattarozzi Francesco , Tapia Rosales Marisol , van de Poll Rim C. J. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Ngene Peter , de Jongh Petra E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals has attracted great attention in recent years. It is shown that surface‐modified carbons catalyze the CO2RR. This study reports a strategy to modify the surface of commercially available carbon materials by adding oxygen and nitrogen surface groups without modifying its graphitic structure. Clear differences in CO2RR activity, selectivity and the turnover frequency between the surface‐modified carbons were observed, and these differences were ascribed to the nature of the surface groups chemistry and the point of zero charge (PZC). The results show that nitrogen‐containing surface groups are highly selective towards the formation of CO from the electroreduction of CO2 in comparison with the oxygen‐containing surface groups, and the carbon without surface groups. This demonstrates that the selectivity of carbon for CO2RR can be rationally tuned by simply altering the surface chemistry via surface functionalization.
Metal‐ and Additive‐Free Electrochemical Oxidation of Benzylic C−X Bonds to Carbonyl Groups
Authors: Sun Chengbo , Li Boao , Peng Xichao , Lin Ling , Xiang Longnan , Tang Yu , Feng Pengju 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA scalable electrochemical strategy for oxidation of various benzylic C−X bonds to carbonyl groups was achieved. The protocol runs under mild reaction conditions and air atmosphere in a simple undivided electrolysis cell, H2O as oxygen source, and cheap graphite plates as both anode and cathode. In addition, the electrolysis strategy features good functional groups tolerance for selectively generating structure versatile ketones, aldehydes, and esters.
Health literacy and older adults: Findings from a national population‐based survey
Authors: Fry Jane M. , Antoniades Jo , Temple Jeromey B. , Osborne Richard H. , Cheng Christina , Hwang Kerry , Brijnath Bianca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedWith an ageing population and growing complexity and fragmentation of health care systems, health literacy is increasingly important in managing health. This study investigated health literacy strengths and challenges reported by older Australians (people aged 65 or over) and identified how socio‐demographic and health factors related to their health literacy profiles.MethodsThe sample comprised 1578 individuals responding to the Australian Government's 2018 Health Literacy Survey, conducted between January and August. Regression modelling was used to estimate the association between each of nine domains of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and individual socio‐demographic and health characteristics. The model allowed for correlation between HLQ scores that was linked to unobserved characteristics of individuals.ResultsAcross the health literacy domains, few individuals received mean scores in the lowest score range. Key individual characteristics associated with higher health literacy were increasing age, English proficiency, higher education levels, better self‐assessed health and having certain chronic conditions (cancer, hypertension and arthritis).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that, among those aged 65 or over, being older or living with chronic illnesses were associated with greater confidence in engaging with providers, accessing information and navigating health services compared to individuals aged 65–69 and those older individuals without chronic illness. Lower health literacy was associated with psychological distress and low English proficiency.So What?Interventions to improve individual health literacy and organisation health literacy responsiveness to minimise complexity of the Australian health system are required. This may enhance uptake and use of health information and services for the underserviced members of the community.