bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of CHRNA6 in the Immune Response in Lung Squamous Cell
Carcinoma and its Potential as a Drug Target for the Disease
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Zhang Meidi , Yuan Xin , Tao Yulian , Wang Ju 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a subtype of lung cancer with a poor prognosis
and limited treatment options. Previous studies show that some components of the cholinergic pathway may
play important roles in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer, including LUSC.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the involvement of cholinergic genes in immune infiltration
in LUSC, and identify the key genes in the pathway and analyze their potential as targets for LUSC treatment
and novel drugs.

Methods:
We first screened the cholinergic genes associated with immune infiltration in LUSC based on transcriptomic
samples and explored the correlation between the key genes and immune infiltrating cells and immune
pathways. Then, we assessed the effect of immunotherapeutic response in the high and low-expression
groups of key genes in vitro. And finally, we screened potential drugs for the treatment of LUSC.

Results:
We found that the expression of CHRNA6, the gene encoding the α6 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors (nAChR), was significantly correlated with the proportion of immune infiltrating cells in LUSC, and
the high expression level of the gene was associated with poor prognosis of the disease. Also, the proportion of
Tregs, M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells was correlated with the expression of CHRNA6. In addition,
LUSC patients with higher CHRNA6 expression levels had better immunotherapy responses. Furthermore, we
found that the drugs, i.e., adavosertib, varbulin and pyrazoloacridine, had a strong affinity with CHRNA6, with
adavosertib binding most stably with the protein.

Conclusion:
CHRNA6 may be associated with immune infiltration in LUSC and affects patient prognosis and
immunotherapeutic response by regulating immune cells and immune pathways. In addition, adavosertib may
be a potential drug for the treatment of LUSC.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Indole-based Schiff Bases and their Metal
Complexes: A Review
Authors: Priya Bhanu , Utreja Divya , Sharma Shivali , Kaur Gurbir , Madhvi  
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen have emerged as crucial entities in the realm
of medicinal chemistry. Among these, Schiff bases derived from indole or compounds incorporating
an indole moiety have demonstrated a wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial,
anticancer, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. The diverse characteristics exhibited by Schiff
bases have stimulated the exploration of their antimicrobial potential, with the aim of developing
more effective drugs to save precious lives. This review article focuses on the synthesis of various
Schiff bases derived from the indole moiety and their antimicrobial activities. The extensive body of
work in synthesizing these Schiff bases and evaluating their antimicrobial properties is comprehensively
discussed. The insights provided in this review can serve as a valuable resource for researchers
engaged in the development of efficient drugs.
A Novel Natural Killer Cell-related Gene Signature for Improving the
Prediction of Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ma Xudong , Wei Xifeng , Yang Guanghua , Li Shuai , Liu Ranlu 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide that
exhibits high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Immunotherapy is increasingly being recognised
in the clinical management of bladder cancer. In addition, the prospect of developing Natural Killer
(NK) cell-related immunotherapy is promising in BLCA.

Methods:
We established and verified a prognostic signature based on NK cell-related gene expression.
We then calculated the NKscore of BLCA samples and correlated it with the clinical outcomes, molecular
subtypes of BLCA, tumour microenvironment (TME), and predicted efficacy of immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICI) and chemotherapy drugs to thoroughly explore the implications of the NKscore. Finally,
the role of the NK signature gene HECTD1 in BLCA was verified by Quantitative Real-time PCR, Cell
Counting Kit-8 Assay (CCK-8), Transwell Assay and Colony Formation Experiment.

Results:
We analysed NK cell-associated genes and identified six genes with significant prognostic
relevance. A high NK score significantly represents a worse prognosis. NKscore was significantly
correlated with seven types of classical molecular subtype classifications of BLCA. In addition,
NKscore positively correlates with NK-related immune checkpoints, suggesting that emerging NK
cell immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as monalizumab, may have potential therapeutic promise
for patients with high NKscore. The results of the T cell inflamed score (TIS) and tumour immune
dysfunction exclusion (TIDE) score confirmed the suitability of immunotherapy for patients with a
high NK score. Likewise, patients with a high NK score may be more suitable for several significant
chemotherapeutic drugs. Functional experiments showed that the knockdown of HECTD1
significantly attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of tumour cells.

Conclusion:
To sum up, the capability of our signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy
response was robust. Hopefully, these results will provide new insights for BLCA research and
patient immunotherapy.
PI3K Signaling Pathways as a Molecular Target for Glioblastoma
Multiforme
Authors: da Silva Andressa Letícia Lopes , de Araújo Thiago Pina Goes , de Albuquerque Ferreira Shakira Cavalcante , Leite Anderson Brandão , da Silva João Kaycke Sarmento , Albuquerque Lilyana Waleska Nunes , de Lima Ana Rachel Vasconcelos , Silva Barros Herbert Charles , Silva Leandro Rocha , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , de Araújo-Júnior João Xavier , Neto Vivaldo Moura , de Queiroz Aline Cavalcanti , Alexandre-Moreira Magna Suzana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of cancer that affects the central
nervous system (CNS). It currently accounts for about 2% of diagnosed malignant tumors
worldwide, with 296,000 new cases reported per year. The first-choice treatment consists of surgical
resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy, which increases patients' survival by 15
months. New clinical and pre-clinical research aims to improve this prognosis by proposing the
search for new drugs that effectively eliminate cancer cells, circumventing problems such as resistance
to treatment. One of the promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of GBM is the inhibition
of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is closely related to the process
of tumor carcinogenesis. This review sought to address the main scientific studies of synthetic or
natural drug prototypes that target specific therapy co-directed via the PI3K pathway, against human
glioblastoma.
Inhibitors of Stimulator of Interferon Genes from 2019 to July 2022: An
Overview of the Structure and Bioactivity
Authors: Xu Feng , Tian Xinjian , Zhu Qiangsheng , Feng Ziwen , Li Hui , Dai Wei , Zhou Yeling , You Qi-Dong , Xu Xiaoli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a vital role in the human innate immune system. Aberrant expression of STING has been proven to be associated with several diseases, such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, and system-ic lupus erythematosus. Therefore, inhibition of the STING signaling pathway can also be expected to provide effective therapeutic strategies for treating specific inflammatory and autoimmune dis-eases. However, the development of STING inhibitors is still in its infancy. There is still a need for additional efforts toward the discovery of new skeletons and more potent lead compounds for STING inhibition to meet clinical demand. In this review, we provide a summary of STING inhibi-tors, classified by different structural skeletons, reported in patents published from 2019 to July 2022. In addition, we also focus on the STING inhibitors, representative structures, biological activ-ity, and mechanisms of action.
A Case of Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema and Systematic Review of
Literature in Management Approach
Authors: La Regina Domenico Paolo , Arena Roberta , Riccardi Riccardo , Di Renzi Paolo , Orfeo Luigi , Midulla Fabio 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a rare pathology characterized
by the abnormal and harmful presence of air in the interstitial tissues of the lung. This condition is
often related to barotrauma caused by mechanical ventilation, but it can be exceptionally seen in
healthy infants. The main causes of PIE are respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), mechanical ventilation
or positive pressure ventilation, prematurity, meconium aspiration syndrome, pulmonary infection,
amniotic fluid aspiration, and incorrect endotracheal tube placement. To date, there is no
standard treatment for PIE, based on the clinical and localization of PIE conservative and non--
conservative therapies are described.

Methods:
We describe a case of a very premature infant with severe respiratory failure secondary
to RDS and unilateral left sided PIE with lung herniation treated with conservative therapy like selective
intubation, steroid therapy, lateral position, and lastly, oxygen supplementation without ventilatory
assistance. Furthermore, we have carried out a systematic literature review for the past 15
years (2007-2022). A systematic review, using an evidence-based algorithmic approach, was conducted
following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
guidelines.

Results:
Our search, after the selection, produced a total of 24 articles, which were revised.

Conclusion:
In our case oxygen supplementation without ventilatory assistance resulted in successful
resolution of the left PIE. Discontinuation of ventilatory care played a crucial role. Considering
the management reported in literature, our aim is to perform a systematic literature review by adding
our experience to the available knowledge on therapy for unilateral PIE.
New Molecular Complexes of Glycyrrhizic Acid Monoammonium Salt
(Glycyram) with Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
Authors: Yakovishin Leonid A. , Bukharov Sergey V. , Babaev Vasily M. , Nikitina Elena V. , Bulatova Elena S. 
Published: September 2023

Aims:
The study aimed to search of new molecular complexes of licorice saponin with
fluoroquinolone antibiotics and to explore their pharmaceutical potential.

Background:
Molecular complexation of triterpene glycosides with pharmaceutical substances reduces
side effects and therapeutic doses, increases bioavailability and stability, and expands the
spectrum of biological activity of drugs. Glycyrrhizic acid is the major triterpene glycoside of licorice.
Molecular complexes of monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (glycyram, GC) with fluoroquinolone
antibiotics have not been described.

Objectives:
This study is devoted to the preparation and analysis of molecular complexes of GC
with fluoroquinolones, and investigation of their antimicrobial activity.

Methods:
Complexation was studied via FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
methods.

Results:
Molecular complexes of GC with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, along with their benzylated
derivatives, were obtained for the first time.

Conclusion:
The complexes composition was defined as 1:1. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are
formed during complexation. In addition, stability constants of 105 М-1 order were calculated. Some
complexes are comparable in antimicrobial activity with individual antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CP)
and moxifloxacin (Moc) or surpass them in relation to a number of bacteria. These molecular complexes
could be potential low-dose drugs with antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles by
Pulsed Laser Ablation in Deionized Water
Authors: Hussein Sarwin Yaseen , Abbas Tariq Abdul-Hameed 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The main objective of this work is the synthesis and evaluation of silver
nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by using pulsed laser ablation of a silver (Ag) target in deionized water
and examining their antibacterial activity.

Methods:
Colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles were prepared with different pulsed laser
energies (620, 880, and 1000) mJ of wavelength 1064 nm and frequency 10 Hz. To determine
their structure, optical, morphology, elemental composition, and infrared spectra, the synthesized
Ag NPs were characterized using various high-throughput analytical techniques such as (UVVis)
spectroscopy, transmission electron microgram (TEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and Zeta potential.

Results:
The results show that the properties of synthesized Ag NPs depend much more on the
laser energy. The laser energy can be used to control the properties of the prepared nanoparticles.
Uniform distributions of spherical ultrasmall Ag NPs with an average size of (3) nm were
obtained suspended in deionized water, which is the most effective size for antibacterial activity.
However, the result indicated that the ablated Ag NPs were stable for 4 months in deionized
water. The antibacterial activity of the colloidal solution of synthesized Ag NPs against Gramnegative
Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria
was then examined using the agar-well diffusion method.

Conclusion:
It was found that the prepared nanoparticles exhibited strong activity against E. coli
and S. aureus bacteria growth. The average zones of inhibition of Ag NPs were found to be
about (26) mm for E. coli and (32) mm for S. aureus bacteria.
Recent Patents for Optical Component Polishing Technology
Authors: Li Guo , Chen Rong 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Fluid jet polishing, Airbag polishing, Magnetorheological polishing, and Ion beam polishing are all emerging polishing technologies commonly used for processing optical components, which can be used to manufacture various high-precision and high-quality optical components. Their processing mechanisms are to remove materials by high-speed jet impacting the surface of the workpiece; using a spherical flexible airbag as a polishing tool to obtain a super-smooth surface by adding polishing fluid containing fine abrasives; controlling the magnetic field to form a flexible polishing belt of Magnetorheological fluid, which undergoes relative motion to achieve material removal; using a neutral ion beam to bombard the surface of the workpiece to remove workpiece surface atoms and obtain a super-smooth surface through energy and momentum transfer between ions and workpiece atoms. The characteristics and removal mechanisms of various polishing methods are briefly described, and the advantages and key issues that need to be addressed for each polishing technology are pointed out, and suggestions and prospects for future research, application, and development are also given.

Objective:
In order to meet the growing demand for high-precision optical components and mass-manufactured optical components, this paper aims to study the various polishing technologies that are continuously improved and suggestions are made for future research and development directions.

Method:
This paper reviews the current patents related to various polishing technologies, such as Fluid jet polishing, Airbag polishing, Magnetorheological polishing and Ion beam polishing and other representative polishing technologies.

Results:
Various types of polishing technologies have been studied, and the main problem at the current stage is the lack of accuracy. The problem of the polishing device, such as fluid jet polishing, only considers the change of fluid velocity and pressure to construct the removal function model for analysis and summary, and suggestions for the latest research progress of various polishing technologies are given.

Conclusion:
The improvement and optimization of polishing technology are beneficial to improving the polishing accuracy and quality of optical components and have great help for the future development of related patents.
Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Anti-tubercular Agents
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Singh Kavita , Yadav Rakhi , Kumar Ramesh , Sagar Ram 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
This review highlights synthetic developments of anti-tubercular agents by using organocatalysts. Organocatalysts-mediated synthesis is environmentally benign and highly compatible with aqueous-solvent systems, and such catalysts are attractive because of their inexpensive cost, low toxicity, good air and moisture stability and follow many principles of green chemistry. Numerous anti-tuberculosis agents have been synthesized utilizing organocatalysts and tested for their in-vivo and in-vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv pathogens. The inhibitory concentrations of the reported compounds were compared with the standard reference drugs in order to evaluate their inhibition potency.
Diseño teórico y construcción de un velocímetro láser Doppler para la medición de vibraciones mecánicas
Authors: Powell Villena Andrade , Mosquera Leiva Luis 
Published: September 2023

La riqueza de detalles que las técnicas ópticas proporcionan, a acelerado su difusión en diversas aplicaciones de la mecánica experimental, con destaque en las técnicas de ensayo no destructivos. Como parte de las recientes adquisiciones de material de laboratorio, en el marco de un proyecto de innovación tecnológica se ha implementado en el laboratorio de Física de Ingeniería Civil, un equipo óptico de velocimetría láser doppler, que permite medir la respuesta espectral a vibraciones de diversas estructuras y constituye una poderosa herramienta de metrología óptica.
Analysis of Wastewater Samples to Explore Community Substance Use in the United States: Pilot Correlative and Machine Learning Study
Authors: Severson Marie A , Onanong Sathaporn , Dolezal Alexandra , Bartelt-Hunt Shannon L , Snow Daniel D , McFadden Lisa M 
Published: September 2023

Background
Substance use disorder and associated deaths have increased in the United States, but methods for detecting and monitoring substance use using rapid and unbiased techniques are lacking. Wastewater-based surveillance is a cost-effective method for monitoring community drug use. However, the examination of the results often focuses on descriptive analysis.

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore community substance use in the United States by analyzing wastewater samples. Geographic differences and commonalities of substance use were explored.

Methods
Wastewater was sampled across the United States (n=12). Selected drugs with misuse potential, prescriptions, and over-the-counter drugs and their metabolites were tested across geographic locations for 7 days. Methods used included wastewater assessment of substances and metabolites paired with machine learning, specifically discriminant analysis and cluster analysis, to explore similarities and differences in wastewater measures.

Results
Geographic variations in the wastewater drug or metabolite levels were found. Results revealed a higher use of methamphetamine (z=–2.27, P=.02) and opioids-to-methadone ratios (oxycodone-to-methadone: z=–1.95, P=.05; hydrocodone-to-methadone: z=–1.95, P=.05) in states west of the Mississippi River compared to the east. Discriminant analysis suggested temazepam and methadone were significant predictors of geographical locations. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-scores were 0.88, 1, 0.80, and 0.93, respectively. Finally, cluster analysis revealed similarities in substance use among communities.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that wastewater-based surveillance has the potential to become an effective form of surveillance for substance use. Further, advanced analytical techniques may help uncover geographical patterns and detect communities with similar needs for resources to address substance use disorders. Using automated analytics, these advanced surveillance techniques may help communities develop timely, tailored treatment and prevention efforts.
Physical and Magnetic Properties of Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) Impregnated with Synthesized Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Fadia Saviska Luqyana , Rahayu Istie Sekartining , Nawawi Deded Sarip , Ismail Rohmat , Prihatini Esti 
Published: September 2023

Sengon is one of the fast-growing wood that dominates Indonesian plantation forests and has been used as industrial raw material, fuel, and construction material. To enhance the physical characteristics of sengon wood, it needs technology of wood quality improvement, such as impregnation method by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Beside to enhance the quality of sengon wood, this technology can also expand the utilization of fast-growing wood. The presented research aims to examine the effects on physical and magnetic properties of sengon wood after being treated by magnetite nanoparticles impregnation. Magnetite nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method with a precursor solution of iron ions mixture and weak base (NH4OH). The treatments of the magnetic wood consisted of 3 different concentrations that is untreated, 1% and 5% magnetite nanoparticles impregnation solution with demineralized water as a dispersant. Dimensional stability parameters, such as weight percentage growth, bulking impact, and effectiveness against swelling are increasing along the increase of concentration. Characterization tests such as SEM–EDX analysis showed the existence of Fe deposition in the wood cell membranes and pores of the wood. XRD analysis showed the appearance of magnetic peaks in the diffractogram in accordance with the decreased of crystallinity while the concentration increased and FTIR analysis showed Fe-O functional groups. Sengon wood magnetic was identified based on the VSM study, as a superparamagnetic components with mild magnetic characteristics.