bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in chin position and morphology in response to orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ye Chengxinyue , Xiang Jie , Zhu Yufan , Sun Wentian , Xiong Xin , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Premolar extraction is a common therapeutic strategy in orthodontic treatment, which helps to achieve an aesthetic profile by adjusting the positional relationship between nose, lip and chin. This retrospective study aimed to examine the chin changes in response to premolar extraction and develop predictive models.
Materials and Methods
A total of 135 adults requiring orthodontic treatments with four premolars extraction were included in the study and the cephalometric indications for their chin changes, as well as other skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes were measured with lateral cephalograms. Morphometric analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were conducted to recognize the potential factors contributing to chin changes.
Results
Soft tissue pogonion (sPog) point advancement relative to both subnasale (Sn) vert plane and nasion-B (NB) plane was observed. The soft tissue thickness of boney gnathion-soft tissue gnathion (Gn-sGn), Z angle and mentolabial sulcus’s angle increased. Patients with larger ANB angle, longer and thicker upper lips showed less forward movement of chin. Patients with more protruded incisors may have greater changes in chin position and morphology. Additionally, changes of sella nasion point B angle (SNB), occlusion plane and the incisor position by premolar extraction can also influence the post-orthodontic chin position and morphology.
Conclusions
The position and morphology of chin changed in response to orthodontic extraction. Orthodontists should pay attention to sagittal skeletal pattern, occlusion plane, incisor position, soft tissue morphology and age before and during treatment, which were proved to be related to the chin changes.
Clinical Relevance
Clarifying and predicting the chin change caused by orthodontic extraction will facilitate treatment planning and physician-patient communication.
Towards adaptive drag reduction of a flat-back 3D bluff body in variable pitch and cross-wind configurations by flow orientation at the base separation
Authors: Fan Yajun , Parezanovic Vladimir , Fichera Sebastiano , Cadot Olivier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The sensitivity of the drag to the rear design of a flat-back body is investigated under different body attitudes defined by the pitch (-1.5o, 0o, +1.5o) and yaw (up the 15o). The rear design consists of taper angles at the top and bottom trailing edge varying from 0o (no taper) to 12.5o. Compared to the fixed optimal rear design that minimizes drag at the wind-aligned body attitude, the rear design adaptation to the change of attitude produces a noticeable drag reduction up to 3% and 5% when the pitch is varied within a yaw range smaller than 3o. It is shown that this drag reduction is related to the vertical wake steady instability interfering with the rear design. For yaw larger than 3o and up to 12o, an almost constant drag reduction of 2% is found and shown to be a compromise between a beneficial pressure recovery on the flat base and a detrimental pressure drag on the tapers. At larger yaw and independently to the pitch, there is no compromise anymore such that any taper angle different from 0o produces a drag increase leading eventually to the squareback rear design as the optimal design. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential of adaptive control of the top and bottom trailing edge tapers to arbitrary body attitude even at small yaw when the pitch is varied.
Histological characterization and morphological alterations in gill and digestive gland in non-native bivalve from the Province of Buenos Aires: spatial and seasonal evaluation
Authors: Otegui Mariana B. Paz , Fiori Sandra M. , Menechella Agustin G. , Santos Eder Paulo Dos , Gimenez Juliana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate morphological alterations and cell and tissue composition of the gill and digestive gland in Magallana gigasfrom urbanized areas with different degrees of human activity over one year. For that, the height of the plicas and filaments of the gill and the tubule epithelium area were measured, the ratio of cell-type and tissue composition analyzed of the digestive gland as well as alterations in the pattern of structural organization in these organs were assessed. The specimens were collected in November 2021, and February, May and August 2022 from two representative sampling sites of distinct anthropic pressures in the coastal area of Buenos Aires Province: Arroyo Parejas (AP, 38° 55’ S, 62° 04’ W) and Pehuén-Có (PC, 39° 01’ S; 61° 32’ W). The results of the morphological parameters, ratio of cell-type, tissue composition and histological alterations of Magallana gigas showed difference between the studied urbanized areas and seasons, suggesting a negative relationship between intense human activity and the health of the gills and digestive gland of the Pacific oyster. Understanding the gill and digestive gland morphology of Pacific oysters, as well as their response to varying levels of human activity in the study region, could help mitigate the impacts of this non-native species.
A rational probiotics combination improves oral health in animal model
Authors: Nie Qingqing , Wan Xuchun , Yang Qianqian , Zhao Xueyang , Liu Haixia , Tao Hua , Luo Yanan , Shu Ting , Geng Ran , Fan Fengkai , Liu Zhi , Gu Zhijing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The oral cavity is the second most microbially rich region of the human body, and many studies show a strong association between microorganisms and oral health. Some pathogenic bacteria produce biofilms and harmful metabolites in the mouth that may cause oral problems including oral malodour, periodontitis, and dental caries. Interestingly, intervening with oral microbiota through probiotics may alleviate oral problems. Thus, we hope to obtain probiotics that can significantly improve oral health through multi-target screening.
Results
We found that Bifidobacterium animalis ZK-77 (B. animalis ZK-77), Lactobacillus salivarius ZK-88 (L. salivarius ZK-88) and Streptococcus salivarius ZK-102 (S. salivarius ZK-102) can enhance the antibacterial ability and inhibit biofilm production to prevent tooth caries. Besides, they were of significant capacity for improving the indicators of oral malodour including the production of H2S, NH3, and indole. The selected probiotics intervening suggested that they could alleviate the inflammatory situation in the oral cavity of rats with periodontitis, especially L. salivarius ZK-88. The analysis of the alveolar fluid microbiome after probiotic intervention showed that B. animalis ZK-77 was likely to help restore the oral microbiota and maintain the oral microecology. Then, we rationally matched the candidate probiotics strains with prebiotics to obtain a combination with a better effect, and found that the probiotics combination has a significant effect on improving halitosis and teeth color in cats. Through whole genome sequence analysis of the candidate strains, we found that neither strain had virulence genes, which revealed the safety of them.
Conclusion
Taken together, we screened B. animalis ZK-77 and L. salivarius ZK-88 that can improve oral health and verified their functions through in vivo and in vitro experiments. This work provides some reference for clinical research and also provides new support for the use of probiotics in oral health.
Predictive accuracy of boosted regression model in estimating risk of venous thromboembolism following laparoscopic radical surgery in pharmacological prophylaxis-naïve men with prostate cancer
Authors: Leong Chie Hui , Ranjan Sushil , Javed Anna , Al-Saeedi Basim , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially life-threatening but preventable complication after urological surgery. Physicians are faced with challenges of weighing the risks and benefits of thromboprophylaxis given scanty evidence for or against and practice variation worldwide.
Objective
The primary objective of the study was to explore the possibility of a risk-stratified approach for thromboembolism prophylaxis following radical prostatectomy.
Design, setting and participants:
A prospective database was accessed to cross-link venous thromboembolism events in 522 men who underwent minimally invasive prostatectomy between February 2010 to October 2021. A deterministic data linkage method was used to record events through electronic systems. Community Health Index (CHI) numbers were used to identify patients via the electronic health records. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics such as age, comorbidities, Gleason staging, and readmission details accrued.
Outcomes
VTE within 30 days and development of risk-stratified scoring system. All statistical analysis was performed using R-Statistical Software and risk of VTE within 30 days of surgery was estimated via gradient-boosting decision trees (BRT) model.
Results and limitations:
1.1% (6/522) of patients developed deep veins thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 3-months post-minimally invasive prostatectomy. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the body-mass-index (p = 0.016), duration of hospital stay (p < 0.001), number of readmissions (p = 0.036) between patients who developed VTE versus patients who did not develop VTE. BRT analysis found 8 variables which demonstrated relative importance in predicting VTE. The receiver operating curves (ROC) was constructed to assess the discrimination power of new model. Model showed an AUC of 0.97 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.945,0.999). for predicting VTE. Single centre study is a limitation
Conclusions
The incidence of VTE post-minimally invasive prostatectomy in men who did not receive prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is low (1.1%). The proposed risk scoring system may aid in identification of higher risk patients for thromboprophylaxis.
FMR1 allelic complexity in premutation carriers provides no evidence for a correlation with age at amenorrhea
Authors: Rodrigues Bárbara , Sousa Vanessa , Yrigollen Carolyn M. , Tassone Flora , Bejarano Olatz V. , Allen Emily G. , Glicksman Anne , Tortora Nicole , Nolin Sarah L. , Nogueira António J. A. , Jorge Paula 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess FMR1 gene allelic complexity in female premutation carriers using a previously validated mathematical model and correlate with age at amenorrhea. FMR1 CGG and AGG number and pattern results were obtained from distinct publications, however, age at amenorrhea was available in only one of these studies. Approximately 4.7% were alleles with no AGGs, with the 30 CGG allele being the most frequent among the normal-sized alleles (39.1%). Ninety-seven different AGG interspersion patterns were identified, and despite the presence of two AGG interruptions in vast majority, the most common patterns varied between (CGG)10AGG(CGG)9AGG(CGG)9 and (CGG)9AGG(CGG)9AGG(CGG)9. Interestingly, the two most common patterns in set 2, (CGG)11AGG(CGG)10AGG(CGG)7, and (CGG)10AGG(CGG)10AGG(CGG)7 are absent from samples from other studies. No statistically significant difference in the allelic scores of the premutated alleles was observed between samples from the different publications. Correlation of the allelic score of each allele revealed two distinct complexity behaviors. In a covariance analysis, there was an inverse relationship between logarithmic models resulting from these samples and those of the reference set previously published by our group. This result supports a more robust model including observations from larger cohorts, showing that the mathematical model can be used in premutated samples. The use of the allelic scores combinations, despite the absence of correlation with age at amenorrhea, has the potential to positively impact several parameters that drive female infertility, namely Fragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI) development, ovarian dysfunction and hormonal levels.
Comparative genomics analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from a community
Authors: Li Yini , Liu Xin , Chen Lingzhi , Shen Xiao , Wang Haihong , Guo Ruiyu , Li Xiang , Zhou Yingshun , Fu Li 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen with high resistance to most clinically used antimicrobials. The dissemination of MDR S. maltophilia and the difficult treatment of its infection in clinical settings are global issues.
MethodsTo provide more genetic information of S. maltophilia and find a better treatment strategy, we isolated five S. maltophilia, SMYN41-SMYN45, from community in China which were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing, biofilm formation assay, and whole-genome sequencing. And the whole genome sequences have been compared with other twenty-five S. maltophiliasequences.
ResultsThese five S. maltophilia strains had similar antibiotic resistance profiles that were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. They conferred similar antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including various efflux pumps, β-lactamase resistant genes (blaL1/2), aminoglycosides resistant genes [aac(6'), aph(3'/6)], and macrolide resistant gene (MacB). Genome sequencing analysis revealed that SMYN41-SMYN45 belonged to sequence type 925 (ST925), ST926, ST926, ST31, and ST928, separately, and three new STs were identified (ST925, ST926 and ST928).
ConclusionsThis study provides genetic information by making a comparison of genome sequences of several S. maltophilia isolates from community and various origins, expecting to optimize antibiotic use for patient treatment and contributing to the worldwide efforts of tackling antibiotic resistance.
A theoretical analysis of rotating electromagnetohydrodynamic and electroosmotic transport of couple stress fluid through a microchannel
Authors: Siva Thota , Jangili Srinivas , Kumbhakar Bidyasagar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The study of bio-fluids in rotating microfluidic platforms is becoming much more significant, hence it is important to discuss the non-Newtonian fluids in such environments. This paper analytically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of combined electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) and electroosmotic flow (EOF) transport of non-Newtonian fluid through a rotating microchannel with Navier-slip boundary conditions at the walls. The couple stress fluid model is considered a non-Newtonian fluid in the flow domain. The linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation is considered inside the electric double layer (EDL). The modified Stokes equation is governed by a combined imposed magnetic and electroosmotic flow field. Analytical expressions are obtained for electrical potential, flow velocity, and volume flow rate in the channel using suitable boundary conditions. The results obtained in this study are compared with those published in the literature from two different perspectives and found excellent matching in both cases. The dependence of rotating electromagnetic flow velocity and flow rates on appropriate parameters is explained. It is found that the rotational flow velocity displays an opposite pattern when the couple stress parameter and electric field intensity parameters are varied due to the influence of channel rotation. It is also found that the secondary flow rate ratio is amplified with the Hartmann number and slip length parameter, due to the stronger impact of the non-Newtonian behaviour than the Newtonian situation on the volume flow rate at a relatively higher rotational value. The findings of this study may aid in the design and analysis of practical thermal micro/nano-equipment for transporting biofluids.
Comparison of 3D and 2D cultures for evaluating the effect of combination therapy with Erlotinib and Imatinib on Glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Rashidi Rasoul , Hadjighassem Mahmoudreza , Negahdari Babak 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common brain tumor with aggressive phenotypes and resistance to treatments. Erlotinib and Imatinib, combined, hold promise as innovative therapies to overcome GBM's heterogeneous malignancy. This study conducted experiments in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, comparing them to the in vivo microenvironment.
Methods
The study measured the effects of Imatinib and Erlotinib on the survival of 2D and 3D cell cultures and apoptosis after 24 and 48 hours (h) post-treatment using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The study also investigated gene expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF using qRT-PCR. The scratch test was used to explore drug treatments' effects on cellular migration.
Results
Based on our results, combination therapy reduced tumor cell migration by reducing Bcl-2 and VEGF gene expression through Erlotinib, Imatinib, or combination therapy. However, combination therapy showed a more significant reduction in B-cl2 gene expression than single therapy, as opposed to VEGF expression. The apoptotic effect of combination therapy was confirmed, with an increase in death percentage in the 48h-3D treated group (*P < 0.05 for monotherapy and ***P < 0.001 for combination).
Conclusion
3D culture offers a more physiological environment for studying oncolytic drug effects. In a 3D in vitro study, combination GBM therapy caused significant apoptosis, requiring further preclinical model studies.
Parental impressions and perspectives of efficacy in prenatal counseling for single ventricle congenital heart disease
Authors: Houlihan Taylor Hartzel , Combs Jill , Smith Elizabeth , Coulter Elizabeth , Figueroa Lucia , Falkensammer Christine , Savla Jill , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Degenhardt Karl , Szwast Anita , Shillingford Amanda , Rychik Jack 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although commonly performed, optimal techniques, strategies, and content to achieve the most effective prenatal counseling have not been explored. We investigate the efficacy of prenatal counseling via survey feedback of parents of children with prenatally diagnosed single ventricle. Grades of counseling using a Likert scale (1–5) were solicited to assess: 1) overall impression of quantity of counseling, 2) explanation of the heart defect, 3) preparation for heart surgery, 4) preparation for hospital course and care, 5) preparation for complications and outcomes of a Fontan circulation, and 6) preparation for neurological, school related or behavioral problems. Impressions were solicited concerning specific providers. A comprehensive fetal counseling score was calculated for each participant. Burden of care including length of hospitalization was explored as impacting prenatal counseling grades. There were 59 survey respondents. Average age of the children at the time of survey was 4.6 ± 3.3 years (range 1–10 years). Highest grades were for explanation of the heart condition, with lowest grades for preparation for neurological, school related or behavioral problems. Cardiac surgeon received the highest with social worker lowest grade for provider. Negative correlation was found between the composite fetal counseling score and parental recollection of length of hospitalization (Pearson r = − 0.357, p < 0.01). Prenatal counseling for neurological, school related and behavioral problems in single ventricle is deficient. Further studies analyzing prenatal counseling techniques and content, can help improve upon the delivery of this important aspect of prenatal care.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Population Health Impacts and Vulnerability to Compound Climate Hazards: Extreme Heat and Wildfire Smoke in California
Authors: Chen Chen , Schwarz Lara , Rosenthal Noam , Marlier Miriam , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are increasingly co-occurring in the context of climate change, especially in California. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke may have synergistic effects on population health that vary over space. We leveraged high-resolution satellite and monitoring data to quantify spatially varying compound exposures to extreme heat and wildfire smoke in California (2006–2019) at ZIP code level. We found synergistic effects between extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations at the state level. We also found spatial heterogeneity in such synergistic effects across ZIP codes. Communities with lower education attainment, lower health insurance coverage, lower income, lower proportion of automobile ownership, lower tree canopy coverage, higher population density, and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to the synergistic effects. This study highlights the need to incorporate compound hazards and environmental justice considerations into evidence-based policy development to protect populations from increasingly prevalent compound hazards.
Cryptic carbon: The hidden carbon in forested wetland soils
Authors: Stewart Anthony , Halabisky Meghan , Babcock Chad , Butman David , D'Amore David , Moskal Ludmilla 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inland wetlands are critical carbon reservoirs storing 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) within 6% of the land surface. However, forested regions contain SOC-rich wetlands that are not included in SOC maps, which we refer to as ‘cryptic carbon’. To demonstrate the magnitude of cryptic carbon, we map SOC as a function of a continuous, upland-to-wetland gradient across a large catchment. Total catchment SOC was comparable to global SOC maps but wetlands delineated by our approach contained 1.7 ± 0.3 TgC compared to 0.3 ± 0.2 TgC in currently mapped wetland SOC. Cryptic carbon, the wetland SOC outside of currently available maps, was 1.5 ± 0.3 TgC or 383% higher than the current estimates. When combined, the new total wetland SOC including cryptic carbon increased to 1.8 TgC ± 0.5 or by 483%, highlighting vast stores of SOC are not mapped and contained in unprotected and vulnerable wetlands.
Skin Adhesive Tapes are an effective wound closure method for Percutaneous Vertebral Body Stenting, A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Cassie , Qiu Theophilus , Soh Chee Cheong Reuben , Yang Youheng Ou 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:
Percutaneous Vertebral Body Stenting (VBS) is performed via a balloon-expandable metallic stent introduced through a stab incision to reduce and maintain the reduction of vertebral body fractures and minimise bone cement extravasation. The delivery of the balloon and stent involves a larger skin incision, soft tissue trauma and pedicle bore tract compared to traditional vertebroplasty (PVP) systems (4.7mm vs 2.59mm diameter), thus increasing the risk of bleeding and wound complications. Skin Adhesive Tapes (SATs) are a common method of wound closure for PVP. This study aims to evaluate the use of SATs in closure of larger VBS wounds.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort of patients who underwent percutaneous VBS (DePuy Synthes, USA) was obtained from electronic medical records at a tertiary hospital from May 2019 to March 2021. Data was collected for wound closure method (conventional non-absorbable suture, SAT), number of operative levels, postoperative skin-related complications, wound dehiscence, wound infection, bleeding, symptomatic haematomas and return to operating theatre. At follow-up post-discharge, the wounds were reviewed for complete healing and unsightly scarring requiring wound revision. SAT closure was performed by applying 3 strips of SATs to loosely oppose the wound edges.
Results:
36 patients were identified with 45 levels of VBS performed. 3 (8.3%) patients received conventional suture closure, 33 (91.6%) received SAT closure. Conventional suture closure was performed due to ongoing bleeding at the wound site for 2 patients who had coagulopathy. The remaining patient received a planned suture closure in view of surgical expediency as part of a staged procedure.