bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished prospective mental representations of reward mediate reward learning strategies among youth with internalizing symptoms
Authors: Cisler Josh M. , Tamman Amanda J. F. , Fonzo Greg A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent internalizing symptoms and trauma exposure have been linked with altered reward learning processes and decreased ventral striatal responses to rewarding cues. Recent computational work on decision-making highlights an important role for prospective representations of the imagined outcomes of different choices. This study tested whether internalizing symptoms and trauma exposure among youth impact the generation of prospective reward representations during decision-making and potentially mediate altered behavioral strategies during reward learning.MethodsSixty-one adolescent females with varying exposure to interpersonal violence exposure (n = 31 with histories of physical or sexual assault) and severity of internalizing symptoms completed a social reward learning task during fMRI. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) were used to decode neural reward representations at the time of choice.ResultsMVPA demonstrated that rewarding outcomes could accurately be decoded within several large-scale distributed networks (e.g. frontoparietal and striatum networks), that these reward representations were reactivated prospectively at the time of choice in proportion to the expected probability of receiving reward, and that youth with behavioral strategies that favored exploiting high reward options demonstrated greater prospective generation of reward representations. Youth internalizing symptoms, but not trauma exposure characteristics, were negatively associated with both the behavioral strategy of exploiting high reward options as well as the prospective generation of reward representations in the striatum.ConclusionsThese data suggest diminished prospective mental simulation of reward as a mechanism of altered reward learning strategies among youth with internalizing symptoms.
On‐Line Warning System for Pipe Burst Using Bayesian Dynamic Linear Models
Authors: Henriques‐Silva Renato , Duchesne Sophie , St‐Gelais Nicolas Fortin , Saran Naysan , Schmidt Alexandra M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPipe breaks are a recurrent problem in water distribution networks and detecting them quickly is crucial to minimize the economic and environmental costs for municipalities. This study presents a burst detection methodology applying Bayesian dynamic linear models (DLMs) on water flow time series combined with an outlier monitoring tool. The model is used to characterize the actual flow and, for each time, a one‐step ahead forecast distribution is obtained recursively before moving onto the next observation. The outlier detection method consists of comparing the main model with an alternative one wherein the mean flow is shifted to a higher value (as bursts tend to increase flow) to evaluate which model best fit the observed data. If the alternative model is favored, a burst alarm is issued. To verify the performance of this approach, the DLM and monitoring tool were applied on 2 yr of flow data from two district meter areas (DMAs) in Halifax (Canada), and a historical break data set is used to assess model accuracy. The model was able to detect up to 75% and 71.2% of the pipe breaks, with a false alarm rate of 5.15% and 12% in the first and second DMA, respectively. Finally, the proposed model allows for straightforward interpretation of model parameters, nonlinear relationship between flow and predictors of interest, naturally describes the uncertainty for future predictions, can easily accommodate missing values and can be tuned to maximize break detection or minimize false alarm rates to adapt to specific objectives of water infrastructure managers.
Earth Mantle's Isotopic Record of Progressive Chemical Depletion
Authors: Sani C. , Sanfilippo A. , Peyve A. A. , Genske F. , Stracke A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMid ocean ridge basalts are partial melts of mantle rocks that have become incompatible element depleted prior to recent sub‐ridge melting. This prior extent of melt extraction and concomitant incompatible element depletion is often inferred from the radiogenic isotope ratios of ridge basalts, such as hafnium and neodymium. However, hafnium isotope ratios by far exceeding those in ridge basalts are observed sporadically in exposed mantle rocks, abyssal peridotites. At least locally, therefore, Earth's mantle has evolved with much larger extents of incompatible element depletion over geologic time periods (108–109 years) than inferred from ridge basalts. Here we show that such “ultra‐depleted” hafnium isotope signatures also characterize peridotites exposed at the Doldrums Fracture Zone in the equatorial Mid Atlantic. These peridotites are closely associated with peridotites characterized by hafnium‐neodymium isotope ratios similar to ridge basalts, but extensive incompatible element depletion. Our results demonstrate that Earth mantle's isotopic record of prior melt extraction is dampened by ubiquitous past and recent reaction with migrating melts. Hence, a better understanding of chemically reactive flow is required for deducing the mantle's rate of incompatible element depletion by recurring processing through melting regions in the shallow mantle, which is the driving force for silicate Earth evolution. Ultimately, better constraining the rate of incompatible element depletion from Earth's mantle is therefore of first‐order importance for understanding our planet's basic mode of operation.
Excitation of Saturnian ECH Waves Within Remote Plasma Injections: Cassini Observations
Authors: Long Minyi , Cao Xing , Gu Xudong , Ni Binbin , Qu Shaojie , Lou Yuequn , Lai Hairong , Ye Shengyi , Wu Siyuan , Zhao Yiwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on Cassini observations, we report representative electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave events observed in Saturn's magnetosphere within remote plasma injections. Unlike local injections, remote injections are “older” injection events that have evolved to form a dispersed signature in particle energy spectrum. We show that Saturnian ECH waves within remote injections present a strong fundamental band and much weaker high harmonic bands. By calculating the linear wave growth rates based on the measured electron velocity distributions, we indicate that Saturnian ECH waves can be excited by the loss cone distribution of remotely injected, hot electrons of ∼100 eV to several keV. We find that ECH waves tend to intensify with increased fluxes of injected hot electrons but weakening with increased evolution time of the flux tubes, which is consistent with the results of wave growth rates and improves the current understanding of the generation of ECH waves at Saturn.
Compositional Variations in Sedimentary Deposits in Gale Crater as Observed by ChemCam Passive and Active Spectra
Authors: Manelski H. T. , Sheppard R. Y. , Fraeman A. A. , Wiens R. C. , Johnson J. R. , Rampe E. B. , Frydenvang J. , Lanza N. L. , Gasnault O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the first 2934 sols of the Curiosity rover's mission 33,468 passive visible/near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra were taken of the surface by the mast‐mounted Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument on a range of target types. ChemCam spectra of bedrock targets from the Murray and Carolyn Shoemaker formations on Mt. Sharp were investigated using principal component analysis and various spectral parameters including the band depth at 535 nm and the slope between 840 and 750 nm. Four end‐member spectra were identified. Passive spectra were compared to Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) data to search for correlations between spectral properties and elemental abundances. The correlation coefficient between FeOT reported by LIBS and BD535 from passive spectra was used to search for regions where iron may have been added to the bedrock through oxidation of ferrous‐bearing fluids but no correlations were found. Rocks in the Blunts Point‐Sutton Island transition that have unique spectral properties compared to surrounding rocks, that is flat NIR slopes and weak 535 nm absorptions, are associated with higher Mn and Mg in the LIBS spectra of bedrock. Additionally, calcium‐sulfate cements, previously identified by Ca and S enrichments in the LIBS spectra of bedrock, were also shown to be associated with spectral trends seen in Blunts Point. A shift toward a steeper NIR slope is seen in the Hutton interval, indicative of changing depositional conditions or increased diagenesis.
Substorm Induced Nighttime Plasma Flow Pulsations Observed by ROCSAT‐1 at Topside Ionosphere
Authors: Su S.‐Y. , Sun Y.‐Y. , Chao C.‐K. , Tsai L.‐C. , Liu C. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Republic of China Satellite‐1 orbiting at 600 km topside ionosphere has observed the topside ionospheric plasma flow pulsations induced by the substorm onsets. These pulsation events indicated that the plasma flow pulsations mainly oscillate in the two mutually perpendicular directions with respect to the geomagnetic field lines. The field‐aligned flow as well as the ion density indicates almost no variation. This implies that the pulsation events are of Alfven wave in nature. The Hilbert‐Huang transform analysis is applied to study the dominant wave frequencies and the polarization in the two perpendicular components of plasma flows (i.e., the perturbed electric/magnetic fields). The hodograms of the polarization in the Pi1 frequency is shown to be linearly polarized, while the left‐handed polarization is seen in the Pi2 frequencies that are in harmonic relationship. These plasma flow pulsations in the nighttime topside ionosphere are caused by the field‐line‐resonance magnetic field pulsations converted from the inward propagated compressional disturbance across the nighttime magnetosphere/plasmasphere which is originated at the near‐Earth magnetotail at the substorm onset.
Hankel Spectrum Analysis: A Decomposition Method for Quasi‐Periodic Signals and Its Geophysical Applications
Authors: Shi Kunpeng , Ding Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo analyze quasi‐periodic signals (with time‐varying complex amplitudes/frequencies) typically contained in geophysical observables is a quest that has seen continual advances in numerical techniques over the decades. In this study, based on transient z‐pole estimation (in Hankel matrices), a state‐space analysis referred to as Hankel Spectral Analysis (HSA) was developed. Based on the Hankel total least squares and incorporating truncated singular value decomposition and its shift‐invariant property, the HSA aims to decompose the closely spaced sinusoids robustly and orthogonally. Upon using a sliding windows process, the HSA can be used for decomposing and analyzing quasi‐periodic signals, in the support of consecutive parameter spectra {Ai, fi, θi}. Based on a series of experiments, we first confirmed the superiority of the HSA for decomposing different signal constituents (e.g., amplitude‐frequency modulation, mutation, and episodic signals). In real applications, as examples, we use HSA to analyze the polar motion (PM) and Earth's dynamic oblateness (ΔJ2). For the PM, we obtained the time‐varying Chandler wobble (CW) and Annual wobble, and first confirmed that there are four phase jumps in the CW since the 1900s; we find that all of those phase jumps are synchronized by the sharp decrease of Chandler intensity and period, and their random excitation mechanism was discussed. For the ΔJ2, the 18.6 and 10.5 years signals were re‐extracted, and we found that its interannual‐to‐decadal oscillations contribute to multiple global gravity anomalies. These results indicate the great potential of the HSA in decomposing and extracting the recorded periodic/quasi‐periodic signals from geophysical observations.
Towards precision medicine for anxiety disorders: objective assessment, risk prediction, pharmacogenomics, and repurposed drugs
Authors: Roseberry K. , Le-Niculescu H. , Levey D. F. , Bhagar R. , Soe K. , Rogers J. , Palkowitz S. , Pina N. , Anastasiadis W. A. , Gill S. S. , Kurian S. M. , Shekhar A. , Niculescu A. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnxiety disorders are increasingly prevalent, affect people’s ability to do things, and decrease quality of life. Due to lack of objective tests, they are underdiagnosed and sub-optimally treated, resulting in adverse life events and/or addictions. We endeavored to discover blood biomarkers for anxiety, using a four-step approach. First, we used a longitudinal within-subject design in individuals with psychiatric disorders to discover blood gene expression changes between self-reported low anxiety and high anxiety states. Second, we prioritized the list of candidate biomarkers with a Convergent Functional Genomics approach using other evidence in the field. Third, we validated our top biomarkers from discovery and prioritization in an independent cohort of psychiatric subjects with clinically severe anxiety. Fourth, we tested these candidate biomarkers for clinical utility, i.e. ability to predict anxiety severity state, and future clinical worsening (hospitalizations with anxiety as a contributory cause), in another independent cohort of psychiatric subjects. We showed increased accuracy of individual biomarkers with a personalized approach, by gender and diagnosis, particularly in women. The biomarkers with the best overall evidence were GAD1, NTRK3, ADRA2A, FZD10, GRK4, and SLC6A4. Finally, we identified which of our biomarkers are targets of existing drugs (such as a valproate, omega-3 fatty acids, fluoxetine, lithium, sertraline, benzodiazepines, and ketamine), and thus can be used to match patients to medications and measure response to treatment. We also used our biomarker gene expression signature to identify drugs that could be repurposed for treating anxiety, such as estradiol, pirenperone, loperamide, and disopyramide. Given the detrimental impact of untreated anxiety, the current lack of objective measures to guide treatment, and the addiction potential of existing benzodiazepines-based anxiety medications, there is a urgent need for more precise and personalized approaches like the one we developed.
Transposable elements activation triggers necroptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Jin Lingmei , He Jiangping , Feng Huijian , Li Sa , Liu He , Dong Hongzhi , Hu MingLi , Huang Junju , Wu Haoyu , Chen Jiekai , Qi Ling , Wu Kaixin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeficiency of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 induces RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, how necroptosis pathway is activated in this process remains elusive. Here we report that the reactivation of transposable elements (TEs) upon SETDB1 knockout is responsible for the RIPK3 regulation through both cis and trans mechanisms. IAPLTR2_Mm and MMERVK10c-int, both of which are suppressed by SETDB1-dependent H3K9me3, act as enhancer-like cis-regulatory elements and their RIPK3 nearby members enhance RIPK3 expression when SETDB1 is knockout. Moreover, reactivated endogenous retroviruses generate excessive viral mimicry, which promotes necroptosis mainly through Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1). These results indicate TEs play an important role in regulating necroptosis.
CHD8 mutations increase gliogenesis to enlarge brain size in the nonhuman primate
Authors: Li Bang , Zhao Hui , Tu Zhuchi , Yang Weili , Han Rui , Wang Lu , Luo Xiaopeng , Pan Mingtian , Chen Xiusheng , Zhang Jiawei , Xu Huijuan , Guo Xiangyu , Yan Sen , Yin Peng , Zhao Zhiguang , Liu Jianrong , Luo Yafeng , Li Yuefeng , Yang Zhengyi , Zhang Baogui , Tan Zhiqiang , Xu Hao , Jiang Tianzi , Jiang Yong-hui , Li Shihua , Zhang Yong Q. , Li Xiao-Jiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction and behavior. Mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) lead to autism symptoms and macrocephaly by a haploinsufficiency mechanism. However, studies of small animal models showed inconsistent findings about the mechanisms for CHD8 deficiency-mediated autism symptoms and macrocephaly. Using the nonhuman primate as a model system, we found that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CHD8 mutations in the embryos of cynomolgus monkeys led to increased gliogenesis to cause macrocephaly in cynomolgus monkeys. Disrupting CHD8 in the fetal monkey brain prior to gliogenesis increased the number of glial cells in newborn monkeys. Moreover, knocking down CHD8 via CRISPR/Cas9 in organotypic monkey brain slices from newborn monkeys also enhanced the proliferation of glial cells. Our findings suggest that gliogenesis is critical for brain size in primates and that abnormal gliogenesis may contribute to ASD.
Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Xu Evan , Xie Yan , Al-Aly Ziyad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA comprehensive evaluation of the risks and 1-year burdens of gastrointestinal disorders in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 is needed but is not yet available. Here we use the US Department of Veterans Affairs national health care databases to build a cohort of 154,068 people with COVID-19, 5,638,795 contemporary controls, and 5,859,621 historical controls to estimate the risks and 1-year burdens of a set of pre-specified incident gastrointestinal outcomes. We show that beyond the first 30 days of infection, people with COVID-19 exhibited increased risks and 1-year burdens of incident gastrointestinal disorders spanning several disease categories including motility disorders, acid related disorders (dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease), functional intestinal disorders, acute pancreatitis, hepatic and biliary disease. The risks were evident in people who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of COVID-19 and increased in a graded fashion across the severity spectrum of the acute phase of COVID-19 (non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and admitted to intensive care). The risks were consistent in comparisons including the COVID-19 vs the contemporary control group and COVID-19 vs the historical control group as the referent category. Altogether, our results show that people with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at increased risk of gastrointestinal disorders in the post-acute phase of COVID-19. Post-covid care should involve attention to gastrointestinal health and disease.
Observational evidence for on-shelf heat transport driven by dense water export in the Weddell Sea
Authors: Darelius Elin , Daae Kjersti , Dundas Vår , Fer Ilker , Hellmer Hartmut H. , Janout Markus , Nicholls Keith W. , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Østerhus Svein 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe transport of oceanic heat towards the Antarctic continental margin is central to the mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent modeling efforts challenge our view on where and how the on-shelf heat flux occurs, suggesting that it is largest where dense shelf waters cascade down the continental slope. Here we provide observational evidence supporting this claim. Using records from moored instruments, we link the downslope flow of dense water from the Filchner overflow to upslope and on-shelf flow of warm water.
SOX11 regulates SWI/SNF complex components as member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry
Authors: Decaesteker Bieke , Louwagie Amber , Loontiens Siebe , De Vloed Fanny , Bekaert Sarah-Lee , Roels Juliette , Vanhauwaert Suzanne , De Brouwer Sara , Sanders Ellen , Berezovskaya Alla , Denecker Geertrui , D’haene Eva , Van Haver Stéphane , Van Loocke Wouter , Van Dorpe Jo , Creytens David , Van Roy Nadine , Pieters Tim , Van Neste Christophe , Fischer Matthias , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Roberts Stephen S. , Schulte Johannes , Ek Sara , Versteeg Rogier , Koster Jan , van Nes Johan , Zimmerman Mark , De Preter Katleen , Speleman Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pediatric extra-cranial tumor neuroblastoma displays a low mutational burden while recurrent copy number alterations are present in most high-risk cases. Here, we identify SOX11 as a dependency transcription factor in adrenergic neuroblastoma based on recurrent chromosome 2p focal gains and amplifications, specific expression in the normal sympatho-adrenal lineage and adrenergic neuroblastoma, regulation by multiple adrenergic specific (super-)enhancers and strong dependency on high SOX11 expression in adrenergic neuroblastomas. SOX11 regulated direct targets include genes implicated in epigenetic control, cytoskeleton and neurodevelopment. Most notably, SOX11 controls chromatin regulatory complexes, including 10 SWI/SNF core components among which SMARCC1, SMARCA4/BRG1 and ARID1A. Additionally, the histone deacetylase HDAC2, PRC1 complex component CBX2, chromatin-modifying enzyme KDM1A/LSD1 and pioneer factor c-MYB are regulated by SOX11. Finally, SOX11 is identified as a core transcription factor of the core regulatory circuitry (CRC) in adrenergic high-risk neuroblastoma with a potential role as epigenetic master regulator upstream of the CRC.
The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB
Authors: Piskurewicz Urszula , Sentandreu Maria , Iwasaki Mayumi , Glauser Gaëtan , Lopez-Molina Luis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeed thermoinhibition, the repression of germination under high temperatures, prevents seedling establishment under potentially fatal conditions. Thermoinhibition is relevant for phenology and agriculture, particularly in a warming globe. The temperature sensing mechanisms and signaling pathways sustaining thermoinhibition are unknown. Here we show that thermoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana is not autonomously controlled by the embryo but is rather implemented by the endosperm. High temperature is sensed through endospermic phyB by accelerating its reversion from the active signaling Pfr form into the inactive Pr form, as previously described in seedlings. This leads to thermoinhibition mediated by PIFs, mainly PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5. Endospermic PIF3 represses the expression of the endospermic ABA catabolic gene CYP707A1 and promotes endospermic ABA accumulation and release towards the embryo to block its growth. Furthermore, endospermic ABA represses embryonic PIF3 accumulation that would otherwise promote embryonic growth. Hence, under high temperatures PIF3 exerts opposite growth responses in the endosperm and embryo.
Optical control of PIEZO1 channels
Authors: Peralta Francisco Andrés , Balcon Mélaine , Martz Adeline , Biljali Deniza , Cevoli Federico , Arnould Benoit , Taly Antoine , Chataigneau Thierry , Grutter Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPIEZO proteins are unusually large, mechanically-activated trimeric ion channels. The central pore features structural similarities with the pore of other trimeric ion channels, including purinergic P2X receptors, for which optical control of channel gating has been previously achieved with photoswitchable azobenzenes. Extension of these chemical optogenetics methods to mechanically-activated ion channels would provide tools for specific manipulation of pore activity alternative to non-specific mechanical stimulations. Here we report a light-gated mouse PIEZO1 channel, in which an azobenzene-based photoswitch covalently tethered to an engineered cysteine, Y2464C, localized at the extracellular apex of the transmembrane helix 38, rapidly triggers channel gating upon 365-nm-light irradiation. We provide evidence that this light-gated channel recapitulates mechanically-activated PIEZO1 functional properties, and show that light-induced molecular motions are similar to those evoked mechanically. These results push the limits of azobenzene-based methods to unusually large ion channels and provide a simple stimulation means to specifically interrogate PIEZO1 function.