bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Vapor Vertical Distribution on Mars During Perihelion Season of MY 34 and MY 35 With ExoMars‐TGO/NOMAD Observations
Authors: Brines A. , López‐Valverde M. A. , Stolzenbach A. , Modak A. , Funke B. , Galindo F. G. , Aoki S. , Villanueva G. L. , Liuzzi G. , Thomas I. R. , Erwin J. T. , Grabowski U. , Forget F. , Lopez‐Moreno J. J. , Rodriguez‐Gomez J. , Daerden F. , Trompet L. , Ristic B. , Patel M. R. , Bellucci G. , Vandaele A. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe water vapor in the Martian atmosphere plays a significant role in the planet's climate, being crucial in most of the chemical and radiative transfer processes. Despite its importance, the vertical distribution of H2O in the atmosphere has not still been characterized precisely enough. The recent ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission, with its Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument, has allowed us to measure the H2O vertical distribution with unprecedented resolution. Recent studies of vertical profiles have shown that high dust concentration in the atmosphere, in particular during dust storms, induces an efficient transport of the H2O to higher altitudes, from 40 km up to 80 km. We study the H2O vertical distribution in a subset of solar occultations during the perihelion of two Martian years (MYs), including the 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS), in order to compare the same Martian season under GDS and non‐GDS conditions. We present our state‐of‐the‐art retrieval scheme, and we apply it to a combination of two diffraction orders, which permits sounding up to about 100 km. We confirm recent findings of H2O increasing at high altitudes during Ls = 190°–205° in MY 34, reaching abundances of about 150 ppmv at 80 km in both hemispheres not found during the same period of MY 35. We found a hygropause's steep rising during the GDS from 30 up to 80 km. Furthermore, strong supersaturation events have been identified at mesospheric altitudes even in presence of water ice layers retrieved by the IAA team.
An Ocean Acoustic Modeling Based on the Physical Parameters Clustering of the Arctic Ice Floes: Applied to the Study of Acoustic Field Response as Ice Floes Thickness Varies
Authors: Lu Can , Xu Jian , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Zichen , Jin Kangkang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe varies of ice floe thickness (IFH) is a very influential research content in the Earth system academic research, it is closely related to the distribution of underwater acoustic fields. However, the discontinuous physical parameters of ice floes make it difficult to clear this relationship with conventional acoustic propagation models or measured data. Unlike the conventional acoustic models that treat ice floes as one or more physical simplified acoustic reflection layers, this study employs machine learning and FEM (finite element method) modeling to incorporate ice floes' physical parameters into the acoustic field model. The physical parameters of ice floes associated with acoustic field modeling are screened by using the principal component analysis method. On this basis, these ice floes were spatially divided into three highly differentiated and interpretable typical ice clusters using the K‐Means method. We treated ice as a multi‐layer elastic medium, and then the FEM acoustic model was built under the fluid‐structure coupling condition. Measured data (UNDER‐ICE) and MIT acoustic models (OASES) were used to validate our FEM results. We demonstrated that the modeling improves the distribution characteristics of surface channel arrival amplitude under ice floes cover. From the perspective of the model application, the acoustic field response as IFH varies is closely related to the category and region of ice floes.
An Efficient Parameterization for Surface Shortwave 3D Radiative Effects in Large‐Eddy Simulations of Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Tijhuis Mirjam , van Stratum Bart J. H. , Veerman Menno A. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMost atmospheric models consider radiative transfer only in the vertical direction (1D), as 3D radiative transfer calculations are too costly. Thereby, horizontal transfer of radiation is omitted, resulting in incorrect surface radiation fields. The horizontal spreading of diffuse radiation results in darker cloud shadows, whereas it increases the surface radiation in clear sky patches (cloud enhancement). In this study, we developed a simple method to account for the horizontal transfer of diffuse radiation. We spatially filter the surface diffuse radiation field with a Gaussian filter, which is conceptually simple and computationally efficient. We applied the filtering to the results of Large‐Eddy Simulations for two summer days in Cabauw, the Netherlands, on which shallow cumulus clouds formed during the day. We obtained the optimal filter size by matching the simulation results with detailed high‐quality observations (1 Hz). Without the filtering, cloud enhancements are not captured, and the probability distribution of global radiation is unimodal, whereas the observed distribution is bimodal. After filtering, the probability distribution of global radiation is bimodal and cloud enhancements are simulated, in line with the observations. We found that small changes in the filter width do not strongly influence the results. Furthermore, we showed that the width of the filter can be parameterized as a linear function of for example, the cloud cover. Hence, this work presents a proof‐of‐concept for our method to come to more realistic surface irradiances by filtering diffuse radiation at the surface.
Scale Analysis on Unstructured Grids: Kinetic Energy and Dissipation Power Spectra on Triangular Meshes
Authors: Juricke S. , Bellinghausen K. , Danilov S. , Kutsenko A. , Oliver M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFourier spectra are powerful tools to analyze the scale behavior of turbulent flows. While such spectra are mathematically based on regular periodic data, some state‐of‐the‐art ocean and climate models use unstructured triangular meshes. Observational data is often also available only in an unstructured fashion. In this study, scale analysis specifically for the output of models with triangular meshes is discussed and the representable wavenumbers for Fourier analysis are derived. Aside from using different interpolation methods and oversampling prior to the computation of Fourier spectra, we also consider an alternative scale analysis based on the Walsh–Rademacher basis, that is, indicator functions. It does not require interpolation and can be extended to general unstructured meshes. A third approach based on smoothing filters which focus on grid scales is also discussed. We compare these methods in the context of kinetic energy and dissipation power of a turbulent channel flow simulated with the sea ice‐ocean model FESOM2. One simulation uses a classical viscous closure, another a new backscatter closure. The latter is dissipative on small scales, but anti‐dissipative on large scales leading to more realistic flow representation. All three methods clearly highlight the differences between the simulations as concerns the distribution of dissipation power and kinetic energy over scales. However, the analysis based on Fourier transformation is highly sensitive to the interpolation method in case of dissipation power, potentially leading to inaccurate representations of dissipation at different scales. This highlights the necessity to be cautious when choosing a scale analysis method on unstructured grids.
Increased blood neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated with early life stress: translational findings in recent-onset schizophrenia and rodent model
Authors: Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana , Schneider Ayda Henriques , Santos-Silva Thamyris , Loureiro Camila Marcelino , Shuhama Rosana , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Guimarães Francisco Silveira , Gomes Felipe Villela , Cunha Fernando Queiroz , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Del-Ben Cristina Marta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and elevated neutrophil counts are consistently reported in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. Stressors during childhood and/or adolescence are major socioenvironmental risk factors for schizophrenia and may contribute to immune dysregulation. Previous studies using blood cytokines to stratify patients with schizophrenia suggest that only a subset presents a low-grade inflammatory state. However, these studies have not addressed whether environmental factors such as childhood maltreatment contributed to identifying inflammatory clusters. Moreover, a neutrophil-related mechanism (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps; NETs) central to both the initiation and chronicity of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has never been investigated in psychiatry. Elevated NETs in schizophrenia may predispose patients to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases resulting in reduced life expectancy. We, therefore, investigated NETs as a novel mechanism and biological target in early schizophrenia and their role together with IL-6 and childhood maltreatment in identifying cluster subgroups. We found increased NETs in the plasma of patients with early schizophrenia (n = 78) compared to both their unaffected siblings (n = 25) and community controls (n = 78), irrespective of sex, body mass index, psychoactive drug use, or tobacco smoking. Increased NETs in patients were unrelated to antipsychotic treatment, which was further tested in vitro using fresh neutrophils. By applying unsupervised two-step clustering analysis, we integrated values of NETs, IL-6, and childhood maltreatment scores. We identified two main clusters; childhood maltreatment scores and NETs were the most important variables contributing to cluster separation (high-CL1 and low-CL2), while IL-6 was the least contributor. Patients allocated in the high-CL1 (61.5%) had significantly higher childhood maltreatment scores, NETs, and IL-6 levels than the remaining groups (patients low-CL2, siblings, and controls high-CL1 and low-CL2). We complemented these findings with a rat model based on stress exposure during adolescence that results in several schizophrenia-like changes in adulthood. We found that adolescent stressed rats had higher NETs and IL-6 levels in serum compared to non-stressed rats with a tendency to produce more NETs from the bone marrow. Altogether, this study brings a novel cellular-based mechanism in schizophrenia that, combined with early-stress, could be useful to identify subgroups for more personalised treatments.
Rg3 regulates myocardial pyruvate metabolism via P300-mediated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Ni Jingyu , Zhang Hao , Wang Xiaodan , Liu Zhihao , Nie Tong , Li Lan , Su Jing , Zhu Yan , Ma Chuanrui , Huang Yuting , Mao Jingyuan , Gao Xiumei , Fan Guanwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe failing heart is characterized by an increase in glucose uptake and glycolytic rates that is not accompanied by a concomitant increase in glucose oxidation. Lower coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis possibly owes to unchanged or reduced pyruvate oxidation in mitochondria. Therefore, increasing pyruvate oxidation may lead to new therapies for heart disease. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). DLD mutations or defects are closely associated with metabolic diseases. However, few studies explore the effects of DLD mutants or acylation status on PDH activity and pyruvate metabolism. P300 is protein 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferases in cells, and P300-dependent lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation of glycolytic enzymes affects glucose metabolism. However, there are no relevant reports on the effect of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation on the energy metabolism of heart failure, and it is worth further in-depth study. In this study, we showed that 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is an essential protein translational modification (PTM) that regulates the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc). In a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, the 2-hydroxyisobutylation of DLD was significantly increased, related to the decrease in PDH activity. In addition, our data provide clear evidence that DLD is a direct substrate of P300. As one of the main active ingredients of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) can reduce the 2-hydroxyisobutylation levels of DLD and restore the PDH activity by inhibiting the acyltransferase activity of P300, thereby producing beneficial effects whenever the heart is injured. Therefore, this study suggests a novel strategy for reversing myocardial hypertrophy.
Physical deep learning with biologically inspired training method: gradient-free approach for physical hardware
Authors: Nakajima Mitsumasa , Inoue Katsuma , Tanaka Kenji , Kuniyoshi Yasuo , Hashimoto Toshikazu , Nakajima Kohei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEver-growing demand for artificial intelligence has motivated research on unconventional computation based on physical devices. While such computation devices mimic brain-inspired analog information processing, the learning procedures still rely on methods optimized for digital processing such as backpropagation, which is not suitable for physical implementation. Here, we present physical deep learning by extending a biologically inspired training algorithm called direct feedback alignment. Unlike the original algorithm, the proposed method is based on random projection with alternative nonlinear activation. Thus, we can train a physical neural network without knowledge about the physical system and its gradient. In addition, we can emulate the computation for this training on scalable physical hardware. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept using an optoelectronic recurrent neural network called deep reservoir computer. We confirmed the potential for accelerated computation with competitive performance on benchmarks. Our results provide practical solutions for the training and acceleration of neuromorphic computation.
Implantable niche with local immunosuppression for islet allotransplantation achieves type 1 diabetes reversal in rats
Authors: Paez-Mayorga Jesus , Campa-Carranza Jocelyn Nikita , Capuani Simone , Hernandez Nathanael , Liu Hsuan-Chen , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Pons-Faudoa Fernanda Paola , Malgir Gulsah , Alvarez Bella , Niles Jean A. , Argueta Lissenya B. , Shelton Kathryn A. , Kezar Sarah , Nehete Pramod N. , Berman Dora M. , Willman Melissa A. , Li Xian C. , Ricordi Camillo , Nichols Joan E. , Gaber A. Osama , Kenyon Norma S. , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPancreatic islet transplantation efficacy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management is limited by hypoxia-related graft attrition and need for systemic immunosuppression. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Neovascularized Implantable Cell Homing and Encapsulation (NICHE) device, which integrates direct vascularization for facile mass transfer and localized immunosuppressant delivery for islet rejection prophylaxis. Here, we investigated NICHE efficacy for allogeneic islet transplantation and long-term diabetes reversal in an immunocompetent, male rat model. We demonstrated that allogeneic islets transplanted within pre-vascularized NICHE were engrafted, revascularized, and functional, reverting diabetes in rats for over 150 days. Notably, we confirmed that localized immunosuppression prevented islet rejection without inducing toxicity or systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, for translatability efforts, we showed NICHE biocompatibility and feasibility of deployment as well as short-term allogeneic islet engraftment in an MHC-mismatched nonhuman primate model. In sum, the NICHE holds promise as a viable approach for safe and effective islet transplantation and long-term T1D management.
Flexible micro-LED display and its application in Gbps multi-channel visible light communication
Authors: Hu Luhing , Choi Jaeyong , Hwangbo Sumin , Kwon Do-Hoon , Jang Bongkyun , Ji Seunghyeon , Kim Jae-Hyun , Han Sang-Kook , Ahn Jong-Hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA flexible full-color micro-LED display with high mechanical robustness was fabricated by printing quantum dots (QDs) on a blue micro-LED array using standard photolithography. The red and green colors yielded from QDs exhibit a better color gamut than conventional color filters. The light conversion efficiency was enhanced by adding TiO2 nanoparticles to the QD-photoresist composite. This full-color micro-LED display was successfully mounted on various unusual substrates such as curved glass, fabrics, and human skin, enabling diverse optoelectronic applications. In addition, wireless multi-channel visible light communication (VLC) based on the wavelength-division-multiplexing orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (WDM-OFDM) technique was demonstrated using a QD-based color micro-LED panel. A high data transmission rate of 1.9 Gbps was successfully obtained owing to the high electrical–optical modulation bandwidth of the QD-based micro-LED panel.
Factors influencing long-term persistence of anti-HBs after hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Fonzo Marco , Bertoncello Chiara , Trevisan Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong-term immunity after HBV vaccination is still debated. When assessing immune persistence, several variables must be considered, the clear definition of which is crucial. Our aim was to assess protection 10–20 years after primary vaccination and to estimate the effect of age at first dose, sex and time elapsed between doses on long-term protection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study between January 2004 and December 2020. Antibody titres above 10 IU/L were considered protective. Geometric mean titres (GMT) were calculated. The effect of the above variables on long-term protection was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Included participants were 9459. Among those vaccinated during infancy, GMT gradually increased from 11 IU/L (first dose in 1st trimester of life) to 68 IU/L (4th trimester), while the proportion of individuals <10 IU/L remained stable between 1st and 2nd trimester (51%) and it decreased substantially in 3rd (28%) and even more so in the 4th (18%). A one-month delay in first and third dose administration was correlated with a −16% (AOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.91) and a −11% (AOR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85–0.94) risk of a titre <10 IU/L, respectively, ~20 years after immunisation. In contrast, similar changes do not comparably affect vaccination in adolescence. The start of vaccination at the third month of age is a compromise between the development of acceptable immunogenicity and the need to protect the infant as early as possible. However, the chance of slightly delaying the vaccine administration within the first year of life may be considered given the impact on long-term persistence of anti-HBs.
Degradation of bisphenol A in an oxidation system constructed from Mo2C MXene and peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Chen Xuwen , Gudda Fredrick Owino , Hu Xiaojie , Waigi Michael Gatheru , Gao Yanzheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe etched Mo2C MXene with a layered structure was characterized as an environmentally friendly catalyst in the bisphenol A (BPA) removal by advanced oxidation. 99.75% of BPA was degraded in the oxidation system constructed using Mo2C MXene and peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The Mo2C MXene was recyclable, with a high removal percentage (89.29%) of BPA after even four cycles. The catalysis of Mo2C MXene on PMS was due to the Mo-deficit vacancy defects. The electron paramagnetic resonance technique and density functional theory (DFT)-based density of states calculations verified defect signals. In addition, the defective Mo2C MXene and PMS have strong binding and electron transfer capabilities. The reactive oxygen species (ROS, including O2•−, 1O2, SO4•−, and •OH) produced by Mo2C MXene activates PMS, leading to BPA degradation. The condensed Fukui function predicted the active sites of the BPA molecule and found that the O1, O2, C3, C4, C6, C12, C15, and C16 sites have higher electrophilic reactivity. The C, C–C bonds, or C4/C16 sites in the isopropyl group connecting the two phenolic rings were attacked first, then further transformed BPA into non-toxic or low toxic small molecule degradation products through a series of reactions such as bond-breaking, addition, hydroxylation, and ring-opening. Moreover, the Mo2C MXene/PMS system has strong applicability in actual water bodies. The study provides valuable insights into PMS activation by two-dimensional MXenes to remove toxic organic pollutants in an aqueous matrix.
IDSEM, an invoices database of the Spanish electricity market
Authors: Sánchez Javier , Salgado Agustín , García Alejandro , Monzón Nelson 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article describes a new database of electricity bills related to energy consumption in Spanish households. The dataset includes individual invoices containing information about the consumption and billing of each supply point. These documents include additional data about the customer, the contract, and the electricity company. We propose a pipeline for the creation of bill contents through a simulation process based on regulations and statistics from official bodies and electricity companies. This makes it possible to generate many documents with synthetic data. The simulation is based on 86 different labels, which are necessary to create realistic invoices. The dataset has 75 000 documents in PDF format with their corresponding labels in JSON files. It is useful for training machine learning algorithms and, in particular, for developing methods to automatically extract information from the bills. It is also interesting to design new algorithms for analyzing the behavior of electricity markets from different perspectives.
A Python library to check the level of anonymity of a dataset
Authors: Sáinz-Pardo Díaz Judith , López García Álvaro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOpenly sharing data with sensitive attributes and privacy restrictions is a challenging task. In this document we present the implementation of pyCANON, a Python library and command line interface (CLI) to check and assess the level of anonymity of a dataset through some of the most common anonymization techniques: k-anonymity, (α,k)-anonymity, ℓ-diversity, entropy ℓ-diversity, recursive (c,ℓ)-diversity, t-closeness, basic β-likeness, enhanced β-likeness and δ-disclosure privacy. For the case of more than one sensitive attribute, two approaches are proposed for evaluating these techniques. The main strength of this library is to obtain a full report of the parameters that are fulfilled for each of the techniques mentioned above, with the unique requirement of the set of quasi-identifiers and sensitive attributes. The methods implemented are presented together with the attacks they prevent, the description of the library, examples of the different functions’ usage, as well as the impact and the possible applications that can be developed. Finally, some possible aspects to be incorporated in future updates are proposed.