bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of the impacts of electric vehicle charging on energy-star ratings for residential buildings in India
Authors: Dalal Rakesh , Kumar Saini Devender 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The star-labelling programme for residential buildings was introduced by India in 2020 and applies to all residential buildings with no lower limit on the built-up area or electrical demand. The energy-star label for a residential building is awarded against the notified standard by the regulatory body and electric vehicles (EVs) have not been accommodated as a load for residential buildings. The energy consumption of an existing residential building is taken from a study already carried out and compared with the requirement of the Indian residential star-labelling programme with an EV as a plugged-in load. An annual energy gap of 6060 kWh for the existing residential buildings considered in this study for five-star building energy labels increases to 7784 kWh if the EV load is added to the building load. The residential building will lose two energy stars if it caters to the EV load and, to bridge this energy gap, the replacement of existing electrical appliances with five-star-rated energy appliances, employing grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) and retrofit of the building envelope are considered. The techno-economic potential of rooftop solar PV and building envelope retrofitting for existing residential buildings is explored using RETScreen® and eQUEST software, respectively. The study establishes that the installation of rooftop solar PV can accommodate the additional load of EVs and can bridge half and three-quarters of the energy gap to achieve five energy stars for an existing building with and without EVs, respectively. It is the most economical option among the options explored in this study. The target Energy Performance Index is achievable by high-end energy consumers (12 000 kWh/year) by additional measures, the replacement of inefficient electrical appliances and building envelope retrofitting in addition to the installation of rooftop solar PV.
Emergence of novel non-aggregative variants under negative frequency-dependent selection in Klebsiella variicola
Authors: Nucci Amandine , Janaszkiewicz Juliette , Rocha Eduardo P C , Rendueles Olaya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Klebsiella variicola is an emergent human pathogen causing diverse infections, some of which in the urinary tract. However, little is known about the evolution and maintenance of genetic diversity in this species, the molecular mechanisms and their population dynamics. Here, we characterized the emergence of a novel rdar-like (rough and dry) morphotype which is contingent both on the genetic background and the environment. We show that mutations in either the nitrogen assimilation control gene (nac) or the type III fimbriae regulator, mrkH, suffice to generate rdar-like colonies. These morphotypes are primarily selected for the reduced inter-cellular aggregation as a result of MrkH loss-of-function which reduces type 3 fimbriae expression. Additionally, these clones also display increased growth rate and reduced biofilm formation. Direct competitions between rdar and wild type clones show that mutations in mrkH provide large fitness advantages. In artificial urine, the morphotype is under strong negative frequency-dependent selection and can socially exploit wild type strains. An exhaustive search for mrkH mutants in public databases revealed that ca 8% of natural isolates analysed had a truncated mrkH gene many of which were due to insertions of IS elements, including a reported clinical isolate with rdar morphology. These strains were rarely hypermucoid and often isolated from human, mostly from urine and blood. The decreased aggregation of these mutants could have important clinical implications as we hypothesize that such clones could better disperse within the host allowing colonisation of other body sites and potentially leading to systemic infections.
Incidence and determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure in Ethiopia 2012–16
Authors: Zewde Israel Fekade , Kedir Abbi , Norheim Ole F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and identifies the significant factors that expose households to higher levels of out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure. Data from the fifth and the sixth Ethiopian National Health Accounts household surveys, which were conducted in 2012–13 and 2015–16, respectively, are used. The incidence of CHE is estimated using both the capacity-to-pay and the budget share approaches. To ensure the robustness of our findings, both unconditional and conditional quantile estimators are adopted as multivariate regression techniques to estimate the impact of socio-economic variables on the distribution of households’ OOP expenditure. Our findings show that the incidence of CHE in Ethiopia ranges from 1.7% to 4.7% depending on the approach and the threshold adopted. Larger families, the unemployed, the extremely poor, those who seek care at private-owned providers and families with members affected by chronic illness face higher OOP expenditure. Hence, policy should target those with these identified socio-economic characteristics in the provision of financial risk protection such as fee waiver systems and subsidies.
Public health practitioners as policy advocates: skills, attributes and development needs
Authors: Sykes Susie , Watkins Megan , Wills Jane 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Effecting policy change is a key strategy in tackling wider determinants of health. In England, public health sits within Local Authorities (LAs) and responsibility for ensuring health is considered across directorates increasingly falls to public health practitioners. While international professional standards expect competence in understanding policy processes, the advocacy role has been under-explored. This paper explores the professional skills, role characteristics and learning needs of practitioners advocating for the restriction of advertising high-fat, salt and sugar products in a region of England. A series of three interviews were conducted at three time points over 10 months with policy advocates leading this policy change from four LAs. Three focus groups were also held with 12 public health advocates from 10 LAs at the end of the 10-month period of data collection. Data were transcribed and analysed retroductively. Data showed that practitioners felt inexperienced as policy advocates and saw this work as different from other public health approaches. Successful advocates required interpersonal skills, knowledge of policy-making and local governance, determination, resilience, confidence, belief in their work’s value and leadership. These skills were difficult to acquire through formal education, but advocacy training, mentorship and role modelling were seen as important for professional development. To successfully implement a Health in all Policies approach and address wider determinants of health, public health practitioners need to be equipped and supported as policy advocates. The advocacy role and the complex skills required need to be more fully understood by the public health profession and prioritized within workforce development at both local and national levels.
Are health promotion activities and preventive health practices predictors of adolescent eHealth literacy?
Authors: Yilmazel Gülay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdolescents’ general health status and health behaviors have been closely monitored in recent years. It is estimated that adolescents comprise one-sixth of the world’s population.This study examined whether eHealth literacy was predicted via health promotion activities and preventive health practices among Turkish adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2022 with 706 adolescents in Çorum, Turkey. A face-to-face questionnaire form was used, including socio-demographic characteristics, preventive health practices, eHealth literacy scale and Adolescent Health Promotion Scale. The data of the research were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 program. Percentage, mean, Pearson Correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analyzes. The p &lt; 0.05 value was considered statistically significant in the evaluations.In the study, 55.8% were female, and the mean age of the whole group was 16.09 ± 2.63 years. The mean score on the eHealth literacy scale was 29.40 ± 6.29. The mean of the total scores obtained from the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale was 137.97 ± 21.87. There was a significant positive correlation between eHealth literacy and the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale (p &lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict eHealth literacy using the variables of Adolescent Health Promotion and preventive health practices. eHealth literacy positively and significantly predicts health promotion activities (β = 0.27, t (695) = 7.54, p &lt; 0.001). eHealth literacy increased annual weight measurement by more than 0.13 (β = 0.13), annual blood iron measurement by more than 0.16 (β = 0.16) and annual dental examination by more than 0.11 (β = 0.11).Developing eHealth literacy interventions will be necessary for environments with a high concentration of adolescents (schools and courses). Also, primary health care services should be integrated with the school environment.
Estimates of Hepatitis C Seroprevalence and Viremia in State Prison Populations in the United States
Authors: Spaulding Anne C , Kennedy Shanika S , Osei Jeffery , Sidibeh Ebrima , Batina Isabella V , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Akiyama Matthew J , Strick Lara B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Prior studies demonstrate that eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States (US) heavily depends on treating incarcerated persons. Knowing the scope of the carceral HCV epidemic by state will help guide national elimination efforts.

Methods
Between 2019 and 2023, all state prison systems received surveys requesting data on hepatitis C antibody and viremic prevalence. We supplemented survey information with publicly available HCV data to corroborate responses and fill in data gaps.

Results
Weighting HCV prevalence by state prison population size, we estimate that 15.2% of the US prison population is HCV seropositive and 8.7% is viremic; 54.9% of seropositive persons have detectable RNA. Applying prevalence estimates to the total prison population at year-end 2021, 91 090 persons with HCV infection resided in a state prison.

Conclusions
With updated and more complete HCV data from all 50 states, HCV prevalence in state prisons is nearly 9-fold higher than the US general population. The heterogeneity in HCV prevalence by state prison system may reflect variable exposure before arrest and/or differences in treatment availability during incarceration. Elimination of HCV in the country depends on addressing the carceral epidemic, and one of the first steps is understanding the size of the problem.
Two Artificial Tears Outbreak-Associated Cases of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Detected Through Whole Genome Sequencing–Based Surveillance
Authors: Sundermann Alexander J , Rangachar Srinivasa Vatsala , Mills Emma G , Griffith Marissa P , Waggle Kady D , Ayres Ashley M , Pless Lora , Snyder Graham M , Harrison Lee H , Van Tyne Daria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We describe 2 cases of extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection caused by a strain of public health concern, as it was recently associated with a nationwide outbreak of contaminated artificial tears. Both cases were detected through database review of genomes in the Enhanced Detection System for Hospital-Associated Transmission (EDS-HAT), a routine genome sequencing–based surveillance program. We generated a high-quality reference genome for the outbreak strain from an isolate from our center and examined the mobile elements encoding blaVIM-80 and bla­GES-9 carbapenemases. We used publicly available Pseudomonas aeruginosa genomes to explore the genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance genes of the outbreak strain.
Interactive Leader Psychology and the Ebb and Flow of Interstate Rivalry
Authors: Foster Dennis M , Keller Jonathan W 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA great deal of scholarship links leaders’ psychological traits to their monadic tendency to use force abroad, but virtually no work considers how the interaction of leadership psychology influences the systematic likelihood of dyadic interstate conflict. We develop and test several competing explanations of how the interactive conceptual complexity of leaders—a psychological trait that consistently predicts monadic conflict propensity—might affect the ebb and flow of conflict within rivalries. Our time-series analyses of the US–Soviet Cold War rivalry, utilizing the leadership trait analysis coding scheme, demonstrate that, in accordance with the monadic logic, increases in the interactive conceptual simplicity between US presidents and Soviet premiers predict a significantly higher incidence of militarized interstate dispute initiation and a greater volume of conflictual dyadic (COPDAB, conflict and peace data bank) behavior. At the same time, however, the least conflict-prone pairing is one in which a conceptually complex leader interacts with a conceptually simplistic counterpart. This suggests that the presence of even one complex leader can increase empathy and diminish the aggressive misperception and retaliatory “downward spirals” that haunt rivalries.
GPT-4 Underperforms Experts in Detecting IV Fluid Contamination
Authors: Spies Nicholas C , Hubler Zita , Roper Stephen M , Omosule Catherine L , Senter-Zapata Michael , Roemmich Brittany L , Brown Hannah Marie , Gimple Ryan , Farnsworth Christopher W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Specimens contaminated with intravenous (IV) fluids are common in clinical laboratories. Current methods for detecting contamination rely on insensitive and workflow-disrupting delta checks or manual technologist review. Herein, we assessed the utility of large language models for detecting contamination by IV crystalloids and compared its performance to multiple, but variably trained healthcare personnel (HCP).

Methods
Contamination of basic metabolic panels was simulated using 0.9% normal saline (NS), with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) 5% dextrose (D5NS), at mixture ratios of 0.10 and 0.25. A multimodal language model (GPT-4) and a diverse panel of 8 HCP were asked to adjudicate between real and contaminated results. Classification performance, mixture quantification, and confidence was compared by Wilcoxon rank sum.

Results
The 95% CIs for accuracy were 0.57–0.71 vs 0.73–0.80 for GPT-4 and HCP, respectively, on the NS set and 0.57–0.57 vs 0.73–0.80 on the D5NS set. HCP overestimated severity of contamination in the 0.10 mixture group (95% CI of estimate error, 0.05–0.20) for both fluids, while GPT-4 markedly overestimated the D5NS mixture at both ratios (0.16–0.33 for NS, 0.11–0.35 for D5NS). There was no correlation between reported confidence and likelihood of a correct classification.

Conclusions
GPT-4 is less accurate than trained HCP for detecting IV fluid contamination of basic metabolic panel results. However, trained individuals were imperfect at identifying contaminated specimens implying the need for novel, automated tools for its detection.
A rare presentation of a gastric volvulus in an adult Bochdalek hernia: a case report
Authors: Azhar Anith , Karim Zeti R A , Aripin Yahya M , Abid Amir Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A Bochdalek hernia is a common congenital diaphragmatic defect in infants. A late presentation during adulthood is rare with misleading signs and symptoms, resulting in misdiagnosis and errors in treatment. We describe a 30-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and chronic choking sensation, which was previously treated as peptic ulcer disease. During the present admission, radiological imaging performed revealed loops of bowel and a gastric volvulus in the left hemithorax. The patient underwent a successful emergency surgery and repair of a Bochdalek hernia. Due to its rarity and ambiguous presentation, a symptomatic Bochdalek hernia in an adult is commonly misdiagnosed. A comprehensive evaluation is pertinent for early diagnosis and treatment, to prevent complications arising from obstruction and strangulation of herniated intraabdominal contents.
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence captures the effects of elevated ozone on canopy structure and acceleration of senescence in soybean
Authors: Wu Genghong , Guan Kaiyu , Ainsworth Elizabeth A , Martin Duncan G , Kimm Hyungsuk , Yang Xi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides an opportunity to rapidly and non-destructively investigate how plants respond to stress. Here, we explored the potential of SIF to detect the effects of elevated O3 on soybean in the field where soybean was subjected to ambient and elevated O3 throughout the growing season in 2021. Exposure to elevated O3 resulted in a significant decrease in canopy SIF at 760 nm (SIF760), with a larger decrease in the late growing season (36%) compared with the middle growing season (13%). Elevated O3 significantly decreased the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by 8–15% in the middle growing season and by 35% in the late growing stage. SIF760 escape ratio (fesc) was significantly increased under elevated O3 by 5–12% in the late growth stage due to a decrease of leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index. Fluorescence yield of the canopy was reduced by 5–11% in the late growing season depending on the fesc estimation method, during which leaf maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport were significantly reduced by 29% and 20% under elevated O3. These results demonstrated that SIF could capture the elevated O3 effect on canopy structure and acceleration of senescence in soybean and provide empirical support for using SIF for soybean stress detection and phenotyping.
Prevalence, antibiotic resistance profile, MBLs encoding genes, and biofilm formation among clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolated from patients in Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Morocco
Authors: Ilham Dilagui , Souad Loqman , Asmae Lamrani Hanchi , Kawtar Nayme , Mohammed Timinouni , Nabila Soraa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Enterobacterales are frequently a major cause of human infections. The emergence of carbapenem resistance as well as the biofilm formation complicate their management. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiogram, carbapenemase genes, and biofilm production among Enterobacterales. For this purpose, 18 172 clinical specimens from hospitalized patients at Mohammed VI University Hospital were collected over two years (2018–2019). The bacteriological investigation was performed to isolate Enterobacterales. Subsequently, BD-Phoenix and MALDI-TOF-MS were used for bacterial identification. The production of ESBLs and carbapenemases was assessed using phenotypic tests and PCR. The biofilm formation was eventually carried out. Out of 195 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales strains, 190 were carbapenemase producers, and 74 Enterobacterales produced metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs). The PCR results revealed that blaNDM was the most common carbapenemase gene, present in 62 cases, followed by the co-existence of blaNDM and blaOXA-48 in 12 cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently identified species among the 74 New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) isolates and the XDR resistance phenotype was the most prevalent with 58.10%. Additionally, all 74 NDM-positive Enterobacterales were able to form biofilms, with 82.4% being strong producers. This study highlights the need for rapid detection of carbapenemase and biofilm production in our hospital to manage this health concern.
Colonic stem cell from severe ulcerative colitis maintains environment-independent immune activation by altering chromatin accessibility and global m6A loss
Authors: Liu Chuandong , Li Jie , Jin Hua , Zhao Qian , Li Fangle , Huang Zurui , Mei Boyuan , Gong Wenxuan , Wang Xia , Han Dali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of colon, which is characterized by cryptarchitectural distortion. Alternation of colonic stem cell (CoSC) contributed to the occurrence of UC, yet the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the dysregulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, we performed RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and m6A meRIP-seq analysis of the cultured CoSCs that were isolated from UC patients. The transcriptome analysis revealed distinct expression signatures of UC patients in mild and severe stages. We observed abnormal activation of immune and extracellular matrix-related genes in patients affected by severe UC. The chromatin accessibility at the promoter regions of these genes was also specifically increased in the severe stage. In addition, we identified that a global loss of RNA m6A modification in the severe stage was accompanied by higher expression of the m6A demethylase FTO. The aberrant activation of a large number of immune and extracellular matrix-related genes, including IL4R, HLA-DPA1, and COL6A1, was related to both the gain of chromatin accessibility and the loss of m6A in severe UC patients. Our finding revealed an environment-independent immune activation of CoSCs in UC and provided FTO as a potential therapeutic target.
Reevaluating the role of information in transit migration: the case of Central American migrants crossing Mexico
Authors: Ghys Tuur , Inzunza-Acedo Beatriz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe idea that information campaigns can stop migrants from engaging in troublesome journeys has been criticized in recent years on the basis that migrants are aware of the risks of their travel. This article intervenes in the discussion on the relevance of information by arguing for a more nuanced view that looks at what information migrants have, how they understand risks, and what types of information are relevant to the journey itself. This argument is illustrated with the case of high-risk transit migration from Central America through Mexico toward the USA, drawing on data from 60 interviews with migrants collected during 2017–18, a period during which transit migration came with extreme risks and a low chance of success. Our findings show that while most migrants are indeed aware that migration involves risks, they often do not understand (or believe) the exact dimensions of these risks, nor are they well informed on the journey as a whole. Besides the decision to depart or not, access to information is shown to be relevant in various aspects of migration.
Centre-to-limb variations in coronal hole and quiet sun regions obtained with IRIS spectroscopic observations
Authors: Kayshap Pradeep , Young Peter R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The centre-to-limb variations (CLV) of Gaussian fit parameters of the transition region Si iv 1402.77 Å spectral line in quiet Sun (QS) and coronal hole (CH) regions are presented. The results are derived from a full-disc mosaic scan obtained by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph on 2017 September 24. The CLV for a CH transition region line has not previously been reported, and the parameters are found to show variations consistent with the QS. The intensity increases towards the limb, consistent with an increasing plasma column depth due to line-of-sight effects. The Doppler velocity is normalized to be zero at the limb for both QS and CH and increases to +4.8 km s−1 (redshift) at disc centre for CH and +5.2 km s−1 for QS. Non-thermal broadening in the CH decreases from a maximum of 24 km s−1 at the limb to 10 km s−1 at disc centre. For QS the broadening decreases from 25 km s−1 at the limb to 14 km s−1 at disc centre. Both Doppler velocities and non-thermal velocities vary linearly with $\cos \, \theta$, where θ is the heliocentric angle. The QS results for both parameters are consistent with earlier work.