bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hedging our bet on forest permanence
Authors: Windisch Michael G. , Humpenöder Florian , Merfort Leon , Bauer Nico , Luderer Gunnar , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Heinke Jens , Müller Christoph , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Popp Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Forests currently absorb a quarter of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Moreover, establishing additional forests is presently the most cost-effective and scalable option for carbon removal services. Thus, mitigation pledges and scenarios aiming for the Paris Agreement climate goals became heavily dependent on maintaining the existing forest carbon sink and expanding it further . However, a mounting body of evidence questions the permanence of the carbon stored in forests under the pressure of both climate change and direct human intervention. Here we show that rapid decarbonization can secure mitigation goals despite potential carbon loss of forest disturbances. Yet, the projected CO2 price to stay below 1.5°C of warming is 71$/tCO2 higher (+22%) compared to a world without increasing disturbance trends. Likewise, it entails a 20% (-1.2GtCO2/yr) reduction in allowed yearly emissions and an expansion of 69 million hectares (+17%) of dedicated mitigation land. Responding late to the disturbance, rather than taking preemptive action, doubles the projected cost and effort until mid-century in multiple key sectors. Our results underline the urgent need to safeguard forests for the economic feasibility of the Paris Agreement climate goals. Deferring fossil fuel phase-out leaves us ill-prepared if trends of increasing forest disturbance rates continue.
Instability of Cs1-xFAxPbI3 quantum dots – the role of ion migration, octahedral tilt and the A-site cation
Authors: Li Weilun , Hao Mengmeng , Wang Lianzhou , Etheridge Joanne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are promising materials for the next generation photovoltaics and optoelectronics; however, their practical application has been hindered by poor structural stability mainly caused by ion migration and external stimuli. Understanding the mechanism(s) of ion migration and structure decomposition is thus critical. Here we observe the sequence of structural changes at the atomic level that precede structural decomposition in the technologically important Cs1-xFAxPbI3 quantum dots using ultralow dose transmission electron microscopy. We find that these changes differ, depending upon the A-site composition. Initially, there is a random loss of FA+, complemented by the loss of I-. The remaining FA+ and I- ions then migrate, unit cell by unit cell, into an ordered and more stable phase with a √2 x √2 superstructure. Further ion loss is accompanied by A-site dependent octahedral tilt modes and associated tetragonal phases with different stabilities. These observations of the loss of FA+/I- ion pairs, ion migration, octahedral tilt modes, and the role of the A-cation, provide insights into the atomic-scale structural mechanisms that drive and block ion loss and ion migration, opening pathways to inhibit ion loss, migration and improve structural stability.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) litter in terrestrial urban areas of Iligan City, Philippines
Authors: Araña Kent Naiah D. , Dimaongon Noralyn G. , Mauyag Noronimah D. , Morad Nisriah M. Hadji , Manupac Shekinah Ruth R. , Bacosa Hernando P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent years, many countries have relied on the massive use of personal protective equipment (PPE) following the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) to combat coronavirus disease (COVID-19). These PPEs include facemasks, face shields, disinfectant wipes, and disposable gloves. While PPE can serve as protection, it can also be a source of pollution. This study is first to establish a baseline monitoring and assessment on the spatial distribution of COVID-19 related PPE litter approaching into the post-pandemic from the urban areas in a city of the Philippines. A total of 1,632 Covid-19 PPE litter were gathered in all surveyed locations; predominantly were facemasks (90%) and disinfectant wipes (10%). Among the surveyed areas, the location that recorded the highest count and density of PPE litter is in a residential zone (52.14%; n=851; 0.0317 item m-2); the lowest was determined in the recreational parks (2.57%; n = 42; 0.0016 item m-2). The relatively significant difference among the total count of PPE items in each location could be traced to the varying land-use and ecosystem as well as the human behavior and activities. FTIR results revealed that all types of facemasks sampled are principally made of polypropylene, a material that threatens environmental sustainability and low recyclability. As the country is embracing the new normal and somewhat returning to pre-pandemic activities; this study calls for the prioritization of the government agendas on ecological solid waste management in the country.
Impact of Diabetes Distress on Glycemic Control and Diabetic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Park Hye-Sun , Cho Yongin , Seo Da Hea , Ahn Seong Hee , Hong Seongbin , Suh Young Ju , Chon Suk , Woo Jeong-Taek , Baik Sei Hyun , Lee Kwan Woo , Kim So Hun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effect of diabetes distress on glycemic control and its association with diabetes complications is still poorly understood. We aimed to study the clinical features of patients with high diabetes distress, focusing on changes in glycemic control and risk of diabetic complications. From the Korean National Diabetes Program data, we investigated 1,862 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who completed diabetic complication studies and the Korean version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID-K). A total score of PAID-K ≥40 was considered indicative of high distress. Individuals with high distress (n=589) had significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin than those without distress (7.4% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). This trend persisted throughout the 3-year follow-up period. Higher PAID-K scores were associated with younger age, longer duration of diabetes, and higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance level (all p<0.05). There was a significant association between high distress and diabetic neuropathy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63; p=0.002), but no significant association was found with other complications, including retinopathy, albuminuria, and carotid artery plaque. In conclusion, high diabetes distress was associated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia and higher odds of having diabetic neuropathy.
Is Malignancies Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding Safe for Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery? - A Case-control Study
Authors: Liu XinPei , Chu Frances , Wen YuLin , Tang Yi , Miao Qi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aggravation risk of malignancies related gastrointestinal bleeding (M-GIB) after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was unknown, our study aimed to demonstrate the risk to help clinical decision making under this complicated circumstance. 19 patients with preoperative M-GIB and underwent cardiac surgery with CPB constituted the exposed group. Up to 5 controls were matched for each exposed patient according to age, sex and surgery type and constituted the control group. We defined a seven-grade ordinal scale to assess the clinical severity of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Pre-and post-operative GIB grade and other clinical endpoints were compared between the two groups. Among our cardiac surgery patients, M-GIB were caused mostly by TNM grade III gastrointestinal cancer. Antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants were reduced preoperatively for 47.4% patients and postoperatively for 42.1% patients considering the risk of GIB. Although postoperative GIB grade was higher (P = 0.042) compared to the controls, we found no postoperative aggravation of GIB in the exposed group. After cardiac surgery, 89.5% patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery as scheduled. Although the priority of cardiac or gastrointestinal surgery for patients with cardiac surgical indication and M-GIB was difficult to decide, cardiac surgery didn’t increase the aggravation risk of M-GIB.
The bat-borne influenza A virus H9N2 exhibits a set of unexpected pre-pandemic features
Authors: Halwe Nico , Hamberger Lea , Sehl-Ewert Julia , Mache Christin , Schön Jacob , Ulrich Lorenz , Calvelage Sten , Fuchs Jonas , Bandawane Pooja , Loganathan Madhumathi , Abbad Anass , Carreño Juan Manuel , Simon Viviana , Kayali Ghazi , Tönnies Mario , Kandeil Ahmed , El-Shesheny Rabeh , Ali Mohamed , Wolff Thorsten , Budt Matthias , Hippenstiel Stefan , Hocke Andreas , Krammer Florian , Schwemmle Martin , Ciminski Kevin , Hoffmann Donata , Bermudez-Gonzalez Maria , Beer Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

An Old-World bat H9N2 influenza A virus (IAV) identified in Egypt exhibits high replication and transmission potential in ferrets, efficient infection of human lung explant cultures and marked escape from the antiviral activity of MxA. Together with low antigenic similarity to N2 of seasonal human strains, bat H9N2 meets key criteria for pre-pandemic IAVs.
A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effect of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy on Head and Neck Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life Using Version 4 of the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire
Authors: Mojdami Zahra Dorna , Watson Erin , Hope Andrew , R. de Almeida John , Howard Tenenbaum , Azarpazhooh Amir , Glogauer Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients requires balancing disease control with structural, cosmetic, and functional deficits that can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Therefore, understanding the physical, emotional and social aspects of QoL of patients throughout their HNC treatment process can help providers better treat this populations of patients in order to improve their QoL.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of sixty-eight consecutive patients with HNC receiving curative intent RT at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre who had completed the self-administered UW-QoL v4 pre-RT, Mid-RT, 1-month and 6-months post-RT.
Results: All scores on the questionnaire decreased mid-RT, with taste and saliva demonstrating the greatest decrease (p <. 05). All scores increased and therefore improved 1-month post-RT and further improved at 6-months post-RT (p <.05). Mean scores did not return to the mean pre-RT levels for the domains swallowing, taste, saliva, and for the physical function composite scores.
Conclusions:HNC patients undergoing RT treatment need to be supported and monitored by health care providers for alterations in QoL during and post-RT, especially with respect to their taste and saliva.
Exploring The Influence of Driver’s Presence on Passengers’ Willingness Level to Take Autonomous Taxis – Evidence from Seattle Metropolitan Area
Authors: Wang Jun , Dunham-Jones Ellen , Akar Gulsah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study aims to identify the potential determinants of people's willingness to adopt autonomous vehicle (AV) taxis, with or without a backup driver, using Binary Logistic Regression in combination with the enhanced Random Forest attribute selection method. The results indicate that young men with frequent use of ride-sharing services, walk frequently, and have household incomes of approximately $150,000 - $200,000 are more likely to be interested in using AV taxis regardless of the presence of a backup driver. The study finds that previous travel habits (use of different modes) can greatly influence individuals' interest levels in using AV taxis. The study points AV taxi service providers should address female passengers' concerns to pursue a larger market. This study innovatively uses individuals’ preferences for their residential locations, such as proximity to the workplace, walkability, and affordability. Through the inclusion of these variables in the analysis, this study offers a more comprehensive insight into the potential users of AV taxis, thus enabling urban designers and planners to pursue a transportation system that is sustainable, equitable, and responsive to the diverse needs and preferences of different populations. The study has limitations in that it lacks users' perceived benefits and their specific needs pertaining to AVs. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of examining the causes of inequality and promoting equitable access to AV technology, particularly for vulnerable groups.
Effects of Open Circuit Immersion Time and Vertex Potential on
Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization Scans of Two Metallic Biomaterials
Authors: Obregon Javier , Ebert William L. , Indacochea J Ernesto , Gattu Vineeth Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Electrodes made of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and a CoCrMo alloy were immersed at open circuit in a phosphate buffer saline electrolyte at room temperature for different durations prior to electrochemical analyses. Open circuit potential measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) scans were used to assess the impact of the immersion time on derived property values. Stable passivation layers formed on both materials during immersion. The corrosion potentials determined from anodic legs of CPP scans became more cathodic and the corrosion currents decreased to lower values after longer immersion times. Layers formed on CP-Ti stabilized during forward anodic scans and persisted to the vertex potential, whereas passivation breakdown occurred during anodic scans with CoCrMo with active corrosion at voltages up to the vertex potential. The characteristics of the return cathodic legs of CPP scans represented the surface conditions present at the vertex potential: characteristic corrosion property values derived from the test responses represented passivated surfaces on CP-Ti and leached surfaces on CoCrMo rather than intrinsic properties of those materials.
Decoding the Complex Genetic Network of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni using Advanced Gene Network Analysis
Authors: Selvam Prasanna Kumar , E Santhosh M , Dey Hrituraj , Vasudevan Karthick , C George Priya Doss 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

One of the biggest threats to public health in the 21st century is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which happens when bacteria change and make antibiotics that treat infections less effective. Understanding the AMR genes that impart the resistance to multidrug resistance is vital to comprehend the issue. Campylobacter jejuni, which has AMR genes, is the focus of our study. For the evolutionary examination of the genes and their variations, phylogenetic analysis has been conducted. To further our insight, The construction and analysis of a gene interaction network with 39 functional relationships. The clustering analysis revealed two interconnected clusters (C1, C2) that are associated with AMR processes. In functional enrichment analysis, Cellular components (CCs), Molecular Functions (MFs), and Biological Processes (BPs) were observed to have massive involvement. Resistance is inherited by Gram-positive bacteria via mutations in the rpl genes, which code for ribosomal proteins. The gene network analysis revealed genes rplE, rplV, rplG, rplK, rplA, rplJ, rpsE, rplB, rpsL, and rpmA interacting with their functional counterparts as frequently as feasible and can be considered as hub genes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of AMR can be achieved by analyzing the ribosome pathway’s enriched KEGG pathway is essential for comprehending antibiotic resistance.A further benefit of the study is that it may help researchers create new drug-resistant strains of bacteria treatments for C. jejuni.
Identification of ferroptosis-related biomarkers in depression using a bioinformatics approach
Authors: Wang Zhe , Chen Che 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Depression is a common psychiatric disorder. Many studies have highlighted the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological process of depression.Methods All datasets on depression: GSE98793、GSE201332、GSE76826、GSE54564、GSE44593、GSE38206 and GSE54570 were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and categorized into the test and validation sets, respectively. In addition, depression-associated module genes were detected using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), based on the expression data from the GSE98793 test set. Afterward, Ferroptosis-Related Genes (FRGs) were extracted from the FerrDb database. Furthermore, pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) were extracted from the MSigDB and GeneCard databases as controls. Subsequently, ferroptosis-related and pyroptosis-related potential biomarkers were screened by machine learning (ML) algorithms. Nomograms were constructed separately based on the above genes to predict disease occurrence. The reliability of the nomograms was assessed after analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The clinical predictive effects of the two cell death modalities were compared to highlight the specificity of ferroptosis in the pathological process of depression. Moreover, Next, we evaluated the expression levels and clinical predictive power of ferroptosis-related biomarkers in the samples in the GSE201332, GSE76826, GSE54564, GSE44593, GSE38206 and GSE54570 validation sets. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and immune function analysis were performed for ferroptosis-related biomarkers. Finally, miRNAs and drugs associated with ferroptosis-related biomarkers were predicted.Results In total, 27 FRGs and 19 PRGs were identified. Ferroptosis-related potential biomarkers (AKR1C3, IDO1, LCN2, PANX2, and PEX12) and pyroptosis-related potential biomarkers (GZMA, ELANE, CD274, TUBB6, and CD14) were screened by ML algorithms. Subsequently, nomograms incorporating these biomarkers were constructed separately. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values for the FRGs (0.689) were seen to be greater than the values for the PRGs (0.619), suggesting that ferroptosis is more specific in the pathogenesis of depression compared to pyroptosis. Most of the ferroptosis-related biomarkers were significantly expressed in the validation set, and all biomarkers could distinguish disease samples from normal samples. GSEA suggested that immune-related pathways such as primary immunodeficiency had been significantly enriched, in addition to the ferroptosis-related pathway. Subsequently, five ferroptosis-related biomarkers were seen to be significantly related to NK cells resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, and T cells regulatory (Tregs). Finally, 55 miRNAs and 10 key drugs were predicted.Conclusions Ferroptosis is more specific in the pathological mechanisms of depression compared to pyroptosis. In addition, AKR1C3, IDO1, LCN2, PANX2, and PEX12 are ferroptosis-related potential biomarkers in depression.
Contamination and ecological risk assessment of Cr, As, Cd and Pb in water and sediment of an urban river in a developing country
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Islam Md. Towhidul , Ismail Zulhilmi , Shahid Shamsuddin , I Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Ali Mir Mohammad , Idris Abubakr M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Safe levels of heavy metals in the surface water and sediment of the Kirtankhola River watershed have not been universally established. Current study characterized heavy metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in surface water and sediments of the most important fishing resource at the coastal area of Bangladesh. Considering both of the season, the mean concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb in water sample was 33.25, 8.14, 0.48 and 21.14 µg/L, respectively and in sediment was 30.47, 4.48, 0.20 and 19.98 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals concentration in water samples surpassed the acceptable limits of drinking water quality, indicating that water from this river is not safe for drinking and cooking. Enrichment factors also directed minor enrichment of heavy metals in sediments of the watershed. Other indexes for ecological risk assessment such as pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), modified contamination degree (mCd) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) also indicated that the sediment of the study river was low contamination. Taking into account, water and sediment of the study river, in-depth inventorying of heavy metals and holistic ecological risk assessments are required to determine river health.
Epidemiological Distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in marketable vaccinated broiler chickens in six governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, January to October 2022
Authors: El-Shemy Ahmed Ali , Amer Mohamed Mahrous , Hassan Heba M , Elaish Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim:
Respiratory viral infections have a considerable detrimental impact on animal welfare as well as significant financial ramifications in the poultry industry. Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H9, Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis (IB) are the most economically significant illnesses impacting the poultry sector worldwide, including Egypt. From January to October 2022, this study examined the presence of respiratory viral infections (AI-H5, AI-H9, ND, and IB) in 359 flocks of broiler chickens (33–38 days) in six Egyptian governorates (Beheira, Gharbia, Giza, Monufiya and Qalyoubia).
Results
Out of 359 flocks examined, 293 tested positive, whereas 66 tested fully negative for the four viruses tested with the highest positive results in Beheira. Out of 293 positive flocks, 211 were positive to a single virus with Beheira having the highest rate, followed by Qalyoubia, Giza, and Monufiya. NDV was found to be the highest across all governorates, followed by IBV, AI-H9, and AI-H5. Double infection was detected in 73 flocks with either H9 or ND or both H9 and IB would co-infect one another. The most common viral co-infection was H9 + IB, ND + IB, and ND + H9. Giza had the greatest prevalence of co-infection with ND + H9, H9 + IB, and ND + IB in the governorates, followed by Monufiya and El Buhyera. Only 6 out of 359 flocks were tribally infected with ND + H9 + IB in three governorates: Giza, Monufiya, and Beheira. According to the number of flocks and the month of the year, July had the fewest tested flocks (23) and both September and October had the most (48 flocks). The positive flocks were highest in October and lowest in January.
Conclusion
The results revealed that IBV and H9 as a single or a mixed infection had a great role in the respiratory infection in broiler. The used vaccine (regardless their origin and type) is not able to protect broiler chickens from developing infection and shedding of virus to the poultry environment. Therefore, poultry vaccines need regular evaluation, renovation in face infective field virus mutants and also, poultry farms must be adopting more biosecurity measures.