bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Active, Ultra-Low Loading Single-Atom Iron Catalysts for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: An Zhidong , Yang Piaoping , Duan Delong , Li Jiang , Wan Tong , Kong Yue , Caratzoulas Stavros , Xiang Shuting , Liu Jiaxing , Huang Lei , Frenkel Anatoly , Jiang Yuan-Ye , Long Ran , Li Zhenxing , Vlachos Dionisios 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Highly effective and selective noble metal-free catalysts attract significant attention. Here, a single-atom iron catalyst is fabricated by saturated adsorption of trace iron onto zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) followed by pyrolysis. Its performance toward catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural is comparable to state-of-the-art catalysts and up to four orders higher than other Fe catalysts. Isotopic labeling experiments demonstrate an intermolecular hydride transfer mechanism. First principles simulations, spectroscopic calculations and experiments, and kinetic correlations reveal that the synthesis creates pyrrolic Fe(I)-plN3 as the active center whose flexibility manifested by being pulled out of the plane, enabled by defects, is crucial for collocating the reagents and allowing the chemistry to proceed. The catalyst catalyzes chemoselectively several substrates and possesses a unique trait whereby the chemistry is hindered for more acidic substrates than the hydrogen donors. This work paves the way toward noble-metal free single-atom catalysts for important chemical reactions.
Endophytic colonization of tomato by Beauveria bassiana decreased the fitness and altered the feeding behaviour of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Wang Xian , Wang Ziying , Yuan Qian , Yan Ganwei , Qin Yang , Li Guangyun , Liu Huai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a cosmopolitan, polyphagous agricultural pest that poses serious threats to agricultural production globally. Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), cannot only directly kill a variety of pests but also inhibit the occurrence of pests as fungal endophytes within plants. In this study, we explored how the introduction of B. bassiana as endophytes into tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) affected the fitness and feeding behaviour of whiteflies. The results showed a significant difference in the fertility of B. tabaci on tomatoes treated with B. bassiana by root irrigation, B. bassiana by local leaf spraying, and 0.05% Tween 80 solution, among which the number of eggs laid was the lowest on tomatoes treated with B. bassiana by root irrigation. Furthermore, B. tabaci fed on tomatoes treated with EPF by root irrigation showed a significantly higher mortality rate in each stage than control plants treated with 0.05% Tween 80 by constructing an age-stage, two-sex life table. In addition, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ) and the net reproductive rate (R0) of the B. tabaci population on tomatoes treated with EPF by root irrigation were all significantly lower than those of the control. Moreover, tomatoes treated by root irrigation had a significant negative effect on the feeding behaviour of B. tabaci by shortening the duration of watery salivation and phloem ingestion. Our results indicated that B. bassiana effectively inhibited the occurrence of whitefly as endophytes. These findings enhanced our understanding of the inhibition of endophytic EPF on pests.
Evaluation of 17 years of MERIN (Meningitis and Encephalitis register in Lower Saxony, Germany) surveillance system: participants acceptability survey, completeness and timeliness of data
Authors: Luczynska Anna , Beyrer Konrad , Holle Ina , Baillot Armin , Monazahian Masyar , Dreesman Johannes , Mertens Elke , Rettenbacher-Riefler Sophie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background

A Meningitis and Encephalitis Surveillance (MERIN) was implemented in 2003 in Lower Saxony, Germany as an alternative to acute flaccid paralyses surveillance, as the latter did not reach WHO sensitivity criteria. The system provides information on circulating enterovirus (EV) serotypes by focussing on patients with suspected aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis and contributes to the national surveillance in documenting polio free status. MERIN is based on voluntary participation of hospitals. Therefore, our evaluation focusses on acceptability of the system’s objectives and performance, and identifying areas for improvement.

Methods

To assess acceptability, 32 contributing hospitals were invited to an online-based survey (11/2021 to 01/2022) to rate the MERIN objectives, laboratory’s performance, their workload, modes of processes and communication. Ideas for improvement were collected in open fields. In addition, data completeness and timeliness of laboratory diagnostics were assessed.

Results

We received 30 questionnaires, 25 from pediatric and 5 from neurological departments, of 21 hospitals (66% response rate). High levels of satisfaction with the communication (≥ 96%), timeliness (≥ 81%), and distribution of the results (≥ 85%) were reported, 97% of participants judged the required workload as adequate. The median proportion of eligible patients included in MERIN was 75%. Participants gave rapid and reliable diagnostic testing the highest priority (96%), while monitoring of Germany’s polio-free status was rated the lowest (61%). Providing medical reports digitally as well regular as updates about circulating EV serotypes were identified as areas for improvement. Data completeness of selected variables ranged from 78.3 to 99.9%. Median time between sample collection and arrival at laboratory was 2 days [IQR 1–3], EV diagnostics via PCR took one day [IQR 0–6] and EV isolation on cell culture 11 days [IQR 10–13].

Conclusion

MERIN is a highly accepted surveillance system. Its quality was enhanced further by addressing the suggested improvements such as regular reports on circulating EV serotypes and facilitating digital access to laboratory results.
Our results emphasise the importance of recognizing and considering participants’ motivations and expectations, and addressing their priorities, even if this is not the surveillance system’s main focus.
This approach can be applied to surveillance systems of other non-mandatory notifiable diseases.
The Role of Cultivar Mixtures and Intercropping on Cereal Aphid Populations and Crop Yield in Mediterranean Organic Winter Wheat
Authors: Fandos Alba Tous , Chamorro-Lorenzo Lourdes , Caballero-López Berta , Blanco-Moreno José M. , Bragg Daniel , Casiraghi Alice , Pèrez-Ferrer Alejandro , Sans F. Xavier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Crop diversification has been proposed as a sustainable strategy for pest control in organic cereal fields. In this study aims at improving our understanding of the ecological processes related to aphid control in real farming conditions to enhance functional agrobiodiversity. We assessed the effect of genotypic (cultivar mixture) and interspecific (burclover undersowing) diversity and its stacking on cereal aphid populations, beneficial arthropods and yield. We analyzed several variables related to aphid population, parasitism rate and abundance of predators. We established 10 treatments differing in crop diversity: three single-cultivar wheat crops (Florence-Aurora (FA), Montcada (MO) and Forment (FO)) and two cultivar mixtures (FAMO and FAFO) duplicated with a burclover undersowing in five organic fields. Polycultures had a positive effect on yield. Wheat cultivars differed in aphid abundance, with FA being the most infested. The influence of genotypic diversity on aphid control was cultivar specific. FAFO significantly lowered aphid abundance and aphid density on Florence-Aurora tillers, whereas FAMO did not provide pest control. Further, a higher burclover ground cover was negatively associated with aphid abundance, particularly in the FA treatment. Therefore, the stacking of the two diversity treatments did not out-perform the implementation of a single diversity treatment. Planned diversity did not affect the abundance or richness of predators nor parasitism. Thus, our results suggest that aphid control in polycultures was related to bottom-up effects. To conclude, our study shows the potential of field research as a promising tool for designing functional multiple crop systems in real farming scenarios.
How do coalitions break down? An alternative view *
Authors: Boucekkine Raouf , Camacho Carmen , Ruan Weihua , Zou Benteng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We propose an alternative dynamic theory of coalition breakdown. Motivated by recent coalition splitting events through unilateral countries’ withdrawals, we assume that: i) the payoff sharing rule within coalitions is not necessarily set according to any optimality and/or stability criterion, and, ii) players initially behave as if the coalition will last forever. If the sharing rule is non-negotiable or if renegotiation is very costly, compliance to these rules may become unbearable for a given member because the rule, being too rigid, would make exit preferable as time passes. We examine this endogenous exit problem in the case of time-invariant sharing rules. Assuming a Nash non-cooperative game after (potential) splitting where players play Markovian, we characterize the solutions of the endogenous exit problem in a linear-quadratic frame with endogenous splitting time. We find that splitting countries are precisely those which use to benefit the most from the coalition. Suitable sharing rules should be used to prevent coalition splitting. When initial pollution is high, all shares should be low enough and none of the players should detain a payoff share larger than 1/2. If initial pollution is small, we provide with an explicit interval for the sharing rule values preventing the collapse of the coalition.
Approximate Q-Learning-based (AQL) Network Slicing in Mobile Edge-Cloud for Delay-sensitive Services
Authors: Khani Mohsen , Jamali Shahram , Sohrabi Mohammad Karim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Network slicing (NS) technology promises to provide a variety of services based on diverse latency-sensitive over shared infrastructure in Mobile Edge-Cloud (MEC) by creating customized slices for each application. However, to process users' dynamic slice requests, the infrastructure provider (InP) must be the online slice acceptance check and scaled if required. Based on a business model, network revenue is dependent on the acceptance of slices and the provision of infrastructure for them. If an InP does not provide more resources for an active slice, the network is penalized and its revenues are degraded. A proper solution to the aforementioned problem is to use reinforcement learning methods. But most of these methods have challenges in continuous spaces. This work presents a reinforcement learning-based method called approximate Q-learning (AQL) to intelligently slice acceptance control (SAC) to maximize utility in MEC for latency-sensitive services. The core idea of AQL is based on Q-learning, so we have developed some of its functions to adapt to a large area of spaces and actions. We have evaluated the performance of AQL in terms of coverage, cumulative rewards, resource utilization, and revenue. The results show the proposed approach has an acceptable performance.
High levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort study on the eICU database
Authors: Li Shan , Zhang Wei , Liu Hongbin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that extremely high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may increase the risk of adverse outcomes. However, the association between HDL-C levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality has never been investigated in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
Methods An observational cohort study was conducted using data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Individuals were divided into seven groups according to HDL-C concentrations (≤20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and >70 mg/dL). Multivariable adjusted logistic models were conducted with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To further investigate the association between HDL-C and the risk of mortality, spline curves based on the generalized additive model, stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed.
Results Among 27,719 individuals included in the analysis, a total of 1713 (6.2%) all-cause deaths, 963 (3.5%) cardiovascular deaths and 750 (2.7%) noncardiovascular deaths were recorded within 30 days of ICU admission. Among the overall population, those with very high HDL-C levels (70 mg/dL) had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.03-1.79) and cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.36) compared with those with HDL-C levels in the range of 51 to 60 mg/dL. These results were replicated among men and among women. The spline analysis revealed a U-shaped association between HDL-C levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the overall population and among men, with higher risk at both very high and low HDL-C levels. A nearly U-shaped association was observed among women, with a slightly attenuated risk at very high HDL-C levels. Sensitivity analysis also supported a U-shaped association between HDL-C levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusions Results of this cohort study suggest that extremely high HDL-C levels are paradoxically associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in critically ill patients.
Petrography of Badabagh Member (Bathonian) Sandstone of Jaisalmer Formation (Western Rajasthan, India): Implications for provenance and tectonic setting
Authors: Ahmed Taskin , Khan Abdullah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Petrographic, and petrofacies investigations were performed on thirty-three samples of medium to fine grained (mostly fine), moderately to well-sorted sandstone from Bathonian Badabagh Member, Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan. The grains are sub-angular to sub-rounded in shape, with some well-rounded quartz grains. The framework composition of sandstone consists mostly of monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz, low- to high-grade metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments, as well as subordinate feldspar with low plagioclase to total feldspar ratios and accessory minerals. Petrographic investigations reveal that sandstones from the Badabagh Member of the Jaisalmer Formation are dominantly quartz-arenite with subordinate amount of sub-litharenite to sub-arkose. The sandstones have abundance of metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments having former supersede the latter, which derived from a continental block, recycled orogen provenance of quartzose lithic terrains under tropical humid climate as indicated by weathering index which signifies the moderate hills to low plains relief. The majority of the quartz in the sandstones is undulatory, indicating provenance with lower and middle-upper rank metamorphic affinity. Corroboration of palaeocurrent data along with petrographical and sedimentological studies suggests that the Badabagh Member sandstone was predominantly derived from the rocks of Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) and Malani Igneous Suites, which is located to the south and southeast of the basin.
Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between religiosity and individual well- being in Poland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kiszkiel Łukasz , Sowa Paweł , Laskowski Piotr Paweł , Łowicki Paweł , Alimowski Maciej , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna , Szczerbiński Łukasz , Sołomacha Sebastian , Talomt-Kaminski Konrad , Kamiński Karol 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic shook up societies, leaving a stigma on the health and well-being of many individuals. How big this stigma was depended on individual factors, which researchers are now trying to relate. One aspect affecting well-being during the pandemic may have been religiosity. In our longitudinal study of a representative sample of Poles, we took two measurements, in March 2021 and April 2022, obtaining a sample of N=622 repeated respondents out of 1000. We categorized participating individuals as religious, fuzzy or secular and, partly using retrospective questions, we compared their levels of well-being (WHO-5 index, Q-LES-Q-SF) before the outbreak as well as one and two years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that in the general population, despite a decline in well-being one year after the pandemic outbreak (2021), there was an improvement in the following year (2022), with religiosity proving to have a positive impact on well-being. The religious category achieved higher well-being values than the secular, especially in March 2021, when the effects of the pandemic were strongly felt in society in the form of lockdowns and the highest number of deaths.
Estimation of the quality factor of earthquake shear waves in the Seismic Province of Central and Eastern Iran
Authors: Mousavi Samin Sadat , Saffari Hamid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Having the seismic quality factor for each area and observing its changes due to occurrence of earthquake one could obtain some information concerning the inner structure of the earth and type of the soil in the area. Also the seismicity of the area could be acquired and using it the other parameters of an earthquake such as the velocity, magnitude etc. could be estimated. Recently the Q factor has been introduced as a pre-indicator for an earthquake and any changes of it could be a sign of earthquake occurrence in a place. Another application is generation of artificial accelerograms with higher accuracy.
The aim of this article is calculation of the parameter of loss in Q factor in the seismic province of central-east Iran. In this respect first the previous research works were collected and studied and then by returning to the seismography and geology data banks of Iran and obtaining the needed information such as the seismic provinces of Iran and considering the accelerograms, the preliminary stages of the research were completed. In continuation, a total number of 419 earthquake records were employed for the central-east Iran zone. Baseline correction was first applied to the records and then the loss in the seismic quality factor was calculated using different methods. The research shows that loss in the seismic quality factor is to a large extend dependent upon the geological structure of the considered area. Also by increase in the shear wave velocity, the value of Q is decreased and by increase in the frequency, it would increase. Finally, the obtained relationships in this research were compared to other relationships in Iran and around the world. The proposed relationships in this research have a high efficiency with respect to other relationships for the central-east Iran zone.
Intrusion Detection for IoT Network Security with Deep Neural Network
Authors: Morshedi Roya , Matinkhah S Mojtaba , Sadeghi Mohammad Taghi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
one of the most important challenges of the Internet of Things is security. Today, the Internet of Things has found an important place in information technology and human daily life. One of the main challenges of the Internet of Things is security. One of the common methods to intervene in Internet of Things services is Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Therefore, intrusion detection systems or IDSs are currently the main and most complete parts of a network monitoring system. This paper uses the CICIDS 2017 data set to present an intrusion detection model in software-driven Internet of Things networks based on deep neural networks to detect distributed denial of service attacks and several other cyber attacks. In addition, we explored effective deep learning models to represent cyber security knowledge in Internet of Things networks, including CNN, DenseNet, CNN and LSTM hybrid models, and our proposed model.
Median artery bilateral persistence in coexistence with a bifid median nerve and a communication with the ulnar nerve and vice-versa
Authors: Piagkou Maria , Tsakotos George , Triantafyllou George , Koutserimpas Christos , Totlis Trifon , Karampelias Vasilios , Natsis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose The current report describes the bilateral coexistence of a persistent median artery (PMA) of ulnar origin and asymmetrical termination, with a bifid median nerve (MN) and an interconnection of the median with the ulnar nerve (MN-UN). Unilaterally the “reverse” interconnection (MN-UN) was identified. Emphasis was given to the artery’s developmental background.
Methods The PMA was identified in an 80-year-old formalin-embalmed male cadaver, derived from a body donation program after a signed informed consent.
Results In the right forearm, the PMA of antebrachial type, terminated at the wrist, posterior to the palmar aponeurosis. Two neural communications (-) were identified: the UN-MN deep branch, at the forearm’s upper third, and the MN deep stem-UN palmar cutaneous branch, at the lower third (9.7cm distally to the 1st communication). In the left forearm, the PMA of palmar type, ended in the palm giving off the 3rd and 4th proper palmar digital arteries. An incomplete superficial palmar arch was identified by the PMA, radial and ulnar arteries’ contribution. After MN bifurcation into superficial and deep branches, the deep branches formed a loop, through which coursed the PMA. The MN deep branch communicated with the UN palmar cutaneous branch.
Conclusions The PMA should be evaluated, as a causative factor of carpal tunnel syndrome. The modified Allen's test, and the Doppler ultrasound may detect the arterial flow and the angiography may depict the vessel thrombosis in complex cases. PMA could also be a "salvage" vessel for the hand supply, in radial and ulnar artery trauma.
Tumor necrosis as a predictor of early tumor recurrence after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Kuo Fang-Ying , Eng Hock-Liew , Liu Yueh-Wei , Lin Chih-Che , Yong Chee-Chien , Li Wei-Feng , Wang Chih-Chi , Lin Chih-Yun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor necrosis is a significant risk factor affecting patients’ prognosis after liver resection (LR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Only one previous study has used a model incorporating tumor necrosis to predict tumor recurrence after LR in patients with a solitary HCC of ≤ 3.0 cm. We aimed to develop a model with tumor necrosis as a variable to predict early tumor recurrence in HCC patients undergoing LR.
Methods: Patients who underwent LR between 2010 and 2018 for newly diagnosed HCC but did not receive neoadjuvant therapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Six predictive factors based on pathological features—tumor size > 5 cm, multiple tumors, high-grade tumor differentiation, tumor necrosis, microvascular invasion, and cirrhosis—were chosen a priori based on clinical relevance to construct a multivariate logistic regression model. The variables were always retained in the model. The impact of each variable on early tumor recurrence within one year of LR was estimated and visualized using a nomogram. The nomogram’s performance was evaluated using calibration plots with bootstrapping.
Results: Early tumor recurrence was observed in 161 (21.3 %) patients. The concordance index of the proposed nomogram was 0.722. The calibration plots showed good agreement between nomogram predictions and actual observations of early recurrence.
Conclusion: We developed a nomogram incorporating tumor necrosis to predict early recurrence of HCC after LR. Its predictive accuracy is satisfactory.