bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argon mitigates post-stroke neuroinflammation by regulating M1/M2 polarization and inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling
Authors: Xue Ke , Qi Mian , She Tongping , Jiang Zhenglin , Zhang Yunfeng , Wang Xueting , Wang Guohua , Xu Lihua , Peng Bin , Liu Jiayi , Song Xinjian , Yuan Yuan , Li Xia 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTNeuroinflammation plays a vital role in cerebral ischemic stroke (IS). In the acute phase of IS, microglia are activated toward the pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Argon, an inert gas, can reduce neuroinflammation and alleviate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, whether argon regulates M1/M2 polarization to protect against I/R injury as well as the underlying mechanism has not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the activation and polarization of microglia after I/R injury with or without argon administration and explored the effects of argon on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in microglia in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that argon application inhibited the activation of M1 microglia/macrophage in the ischemic penumbra and the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in microglia. Argon administration also inhibited the expression and processing of IL-1β, a primary pro-inflammatory cytokine. Thus, argon alleviates I/R injury by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reactions via suppressing microglial polarization toward M1 phenotype and inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. More importantly, we showed that argon worked better than the specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 in suppressing neuroinflammation and protecting against cerebral I/R injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of argon in neuroinflammation-related neurodegeneration diseases as a potent gas inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
Identification of subfunctionalized aggregate-remodeling J-domain proteins inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tak Yogesh , Lal Silviya S , Gopan Shilpa , Balakrishnan Madhumitha , Satheesh Gouri , Biswal Anup K , Verma Amit K , Cole Sierra J , Brown Rebecca E , Hayward Rachel E , Hines Justin K , Sahi Chandan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJ-domain proteins (JDPs) are critical components of the cellular protein quality control machinery, playing crucial roles in preventing the formation and, solubilization of cytotoxic protein aggregates. Bacteria, yeast, and plants additionally have large, multimeric heat shock protein 100 (Hsp100)-class disaggregases that resolubilize protein aggregates. JDPs interact with aggregated proteins and specify the aggregate-remodeling activities of Hsp70s and Hsp100s. However, the aggregate-remodeling properties of plant JDPs are not well understood. Here we identify eight orthologs of Sis1 (an evolutionarily conserved Class II JDP of budding yeast) in Arabidopsis thaliana with distinct aggregate-remodeling functionalities. Six of these JDPs associate with heat-induced protein aggregates in vivo and co-localize with Hsp101 at heat-induced protein aggregate centers. Consistent with a role in solubilizing cytotoxic protein aggregates, an atDjB3 mutant had defects in both solubilizing heat-induced aggregates and acquired thermotolerance as compared with wild-type seedlings. Next, we used yeast prions as protein aggregate models to show that the six JDPs have distinct aggregate-remodeling properties. Results presented in this study, as well as findings from phylogenetic analysis, demonstrate that plants harbor multiple, evolutionarily conserved JDPs with capacity to process a variety of protein aggregate conformers induced by heat and other stressors.
Soil variation among natural habitats alters glucosinolate content in a wild perennial mustard
Authors: Wagner Maggie R , Mitchell-Olds Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Baseline levels of glucosinolates—important defensive phytochemicals in brassicaceous plants—are determined by both genotype and environment. However, the ecological causes of glucosinolate plasticity are not well characterized. Fertilization is known to alter glucosinolate content of Brassica crops, but the effect of naturally occurring soil variation on glucosinolate content of wild plants is unknown. Here, we conducted greenhouse experiments using Boechera stricta to ask (i) whether soil variation among natural habitats shapes leaf and root glucosinolate profiles; (ii) whether such changes are caused by abiotic soil properties, soil microbes, or both; and (iii) whether soil-induced glucosinolate plasticity is genetically variable. Total glucosinolate quantity differed up to 2-fold between soils from different natural habitats, while the relative amounts of different compounds were less responsive. This effect was due to physico-chemical soil properties rather than microbial communities. We detected modest genetic variation for glucosinolate plasticity in response to soil. In addition, glucosinolate composition, but not quantity, of field-grown plants could be accurately predicted from measurements from greenhouse-grown plants. In summary, soil alone is sufficient to cause plasticity of baseline glucosinolate levels in natural plant populations, which may have implications for the evolution of this important trait across complex landscapes.
The metabolic adaptation in wild vertebrates via omics approaches
Authors: Du Xin , Hu Yisi , Huang Guangping , Wei Fuwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetabolism is the basis for sustaining life and essential to the adaptive evolution of organisms. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, genetic mechanisms of adaptive evolution, including metabolic adaptation, have been extensively resolved by omics approaches, but a deep understanding of genetic and epigenetic metabolic adaptation is still lacking. Exploring metabolic adaptations from genetic and epigenetic perspectives in wild vertebrates is vital to understanding species evolution, especially for the early stages of adaptative evolution. Herein, we summarize the advances in our understanding of metabolic adaptations via omics approaches in wild vertebrates based on three types of cases: extreme environment, periodically changing environment, and changes of species characteristics. We conclude that the understanding of the formation of metabolic adaptations at the genetic level alone can well identify the adaptive genetic variation that has developed during evolution, but cannot resolve the potential impact of metabolic adaptations on the adaptative evolution in the future. Thus, it seems imperative to include epigenomics and metabolomics in the study of adaptation, and that in the future genomic and epigenetic data should be integrated to understand the formation of metabolic adaptation of wild vertebrate organisms.
Tivozanib in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Previously Treated with Axitinib: Subgroup Analysis from TIVO-3
Authors: Meza Luis , McDermott David F , Escudier Bernard , Hutson Thomas E , Porta Camillo , Verzoni Elena , Atkins Michael B , Kasturi Vijay , Pal Sumanta K , Rini Brian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn phase III TIVO-3 trial, tivozanib improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to sorafenib for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the effectiveness of this drug after exposure to other selective VEGFR agents has not yet been defined. Herein, we characterize the clinical efficacy of tivozanib in patients with mRCC previously treated with axitinib.MethodsWe identified patients from the intention to treat (ITT) population, in the TIVO-3 trial, who received treatment with axitinib before enrolment in the study and evaluated PFS, response rate (RR), and safety.ResultsOut of 350 patients, 172 (83:89, tivozanib:sorafenib) had received prior treatment with axitinib in TIVO-3. In this subgroup, PFS was 5.5 months with tivozanib and 3.7 months with sorafenib (HR 0.68). RR was 13% and 8% favoring tivozanib.ConclusionsTivozanib is active in the treatment of patients with mRCC who have progressed on prior therapies, including axitinib.
Where Is the Digitally Silent Provider? Development and Validation of a Team-Centered Electronic Health Record Attribution Model for Supervising Residents
Authors: Wang Michael D. , Rosner Benjamin I. , Rosenbluth Glenn 
Published: December 2022

Problem
Providing trainees with data and benchmarks on their own patient populations is an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core residency requirement. Leveraging electronic health records (EHRs) for this purpose relies on correctly attributing patients to the trainees responsible for their care. EHR activity logs are useful for attributing interns to inpatients but not for attributing supervising residents, who often have no inpatient EHR usage obligations, and therefore may generate no digital “footprints” on a given patient-day from which to ascertain attribution.

Approach
The authors developed and tested a novel team-centered binary logistic regression model leveraging EHR activity logs from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019, for pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) supervising residents at the University of California, San Francisco. Unlike patient-centered models that determine daily attribution according to the trainee generating the greatest relative activity in individual patients’ charts, the team-centered approach predicts daily attribution based on the trainee generating EHR activity across the greatest proportion of a team’s patients. To assess generalizability, the authors similarly modeled supervising resident attribution in adult hospital medicine (AHM) and orthopedic surgery (OS).

Outcomes
For PHM, AHM, and OS, 1,100, 1,399, and 803 unique patient encounters and 29, 62, and 10 unique supervising residents were included, respectively. Team-centered models outperformed patient-centered models for the 3 specialties, with respective accuracies of 85.4% versus 72.4% (PHM), 88.7% versus 75.4% (AHM), and 69.3% versus 51.6% (OS; P < .001 for all). AHM and PHM models demonstrated relative generalizability to one another while OS did not.

Next Steps
Validation at other institutions will be essential to understanding the potential for generalizability of this approach. Accurately attributed data are likely to be trusted more by trainees, enabling programs to operationalize feedback for use cases including performance measurement, case mix assessment, and postdischarge opportunities for follow-up learning.
Relationship of sarcopenia with bone geometry and mass among postmenopausal women
Authors: França Caroline F. , Miranda Camila , Martins Fernanda M. , Pelet Danyelle C. S. , de Souza Lino Anderson D. , Souza Markus V. C. , Orsatti Fábio L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to verify whether sarcopenia and its components are associated with hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and geometry in postmenopausal women (PW).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, appendicular bone-free lean mass (aLM) and hip bone mass and geometry were measured using dual-energy x-ray emission absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle power and strength were measured by five times Sit-to-Stand Test (5-STS) and dynamometry, respectively, in 175 PW. Sarcopenia was identified as low aLM plus low muscle strength or low muscle power. Multiple linear regression (covaried by age, smoking, hormonal therapy, and diseases) was used to determine the relationship between sarcopenia and bone geometry and mass. The results are presented as mean differences between groups.

Results
Dynamometry, five times Sit-to-Stand Test, and aLM indicated positive associations (P < 0.05) with most indicators of bone mass and geometry. Sarcopenia, applying low muscle strength or low muscle power, was negatively associated with femoral neck width (−0.2 mm, P = 0.001), cortical thickness of femoral calcar (−0.6 mm, P = 0.043), subtrochanteric cortical thickness (−1.2 mm, P = 0.002), femoral neck cross-sectional area (−19.5 mm2, P < 0.001), cross-section moment of inertia (−2,244 mm4, P < 0.001), section modulus (−115 mm3, P < 0.001), femoral neck aBMD (−0.1 g/cm2, P = 0.002), upper femoral neck aBMD (−0.1 g/cm2, P = 0.003), lower femoral neck aBMD (−0.1 g/cm2, P = 0.016), and trochanteric aBMD (−0.1 g/cm2, P = 0.035).

Conclusions
Thus, muscle mass, strength and power, alone or in combination (ie, sarcopenia), are associated with low aBMD, impaired bone geometry, and, therefore, bone strength in PW. These measures may help identify PW at risk of hip fractures.
Novel Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Heart Failure
Authors: Khadanga Sherrie , Barrett Kaitlyn , Sheahan Kelsey H. , Savage Patrick D. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has evolved over time not only to improve cardiorespiratory fitness through exercise but also to promote lifestyle-related behaviors to manage cardiovascular disease risk factors. Given the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure, CR serves as an ideal setting to monitor and, when indicated, intervene to ensure that individuals are optimally treated.

Purpose:
The objective of this report was to review current antihyperglycemic agents and discuss the role for these medications in the care and treatment of individuals participating in CR.

Conclusion:
There is strong evidence that the benefits provided by some antihyperglycemic medications go beyond glycemic control to include general cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Health care professionals in CR should be aware of the cardiovascular benefits of newer antihyperglycemic agents, as well as the treatment approach to patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart failure.
Efficacy and Safety of Sulfasalazine Suspension in Children With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Mansuri Ishrat , Wang Sophia , Rufo Paul A. , Liu Enju , Chan Christina , Bousvaros Athos 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Sulfasalazine (SZ) is commonly used to treat pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). SZ can be compounded into a suspension form which is beneficial for children with difficulty swallowing a pill. Despite being utilized for over 40 years, there is a lack of published data on the efficacy and safety of SZ suspension in children with UC. Recently, third-party payors have begun refusing to pay for SZ suspension due to lack of data.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we reviewed the electronic medical records of patients ages <18 years diagnosed with UC from June 1999 to December 2019 at Boston Children’s Hospital and treated with SZ suspension as a first-line agent. We obtained demographics, clinical, and endoscopic data to measure outcomes at 1 year and long term.

Results:
Of 57 patients treated with SZ suspension, 52 (91%) had a follow-up and 26 of 52 (50%) remained in steroid-free remission at 1 year. Two patients were switched to SZ tablets due to nonmedical reasons and 11 (21%) required rescue treatment (2 infliximab, 1 tacrolimus, 8 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine) within a year. Three required colectomy within a year and 5 in long term. Four (8%) developed nonserious adverse reactions and switched to 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) by 1 year. The median duration of long-term follow-up was 36 months (range, 2–205 months) with 28 requiring treatment escalation in long term.

Conclusions:
SZ suspension is a safe and effective treatment for UC in children with difficulty swallowing a pill. The 1-year remission rate on this treatment is comparable to 5-ASA utilized in children.
Supply and Demand: Resident Applications to Program Positions in Plastic Surgery and Our Sister Specialties
Authors: Coombs Demetrius M. , Kwiecien Grzegorz J. , Sinclair Nicholas R. , Zins James E. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Previous studies have compared various attributes of independent and integrated resident applicants and identified criteria for a successful match outcome. Few studies have directly examined the relative desirability of various surgical and nonsurgical specialties from the resident’s perspective. To address this, the authors analyzed plastic surgery resident applicants and available positions from 2010 through 2018 and compared these data alongside four surgical and five nonsurgical specialties.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional, retrospective review from the San Francisco Match and National Resident Matching Program, year, number of applicants, available positions, and specialty (integrated or independent plastic, general, or orthopedic surgery; neurosurgery; otolaryngology; anesthesiology; emergency, family, or internal medicine; and pediatrics) were examined.

Results:
From 2010 through 2018, the number of integrated positions increased by 142%, whereas the number of integrated applicants increased only by 14.5%. The number of available independent positions decreased by 32.6%, whereas the number of independent applicants decreased by 43.9%. All surgical subspecialties demonstrated a decrease in applicants relative to positions (range 9.9% to 24.8%). Unlike the surgical specialties, the nonsurgical fields increased both their number of positions (14% to 57.2%) and number of applicants (2.2% to 44.1%). In particular, applicants to emergency, family, and internal medicine increased dramatically (17% to 44.1%).

Conclusions:
Applicants to plastic surgery and other surgical residencies changed minimally. The nonsurgical specialties showed a significant increase in the number of applicants, suggesting increasing interest in the nonsurgical fields. Contributing factors may include medical school pressures, lifestyle concerns, and experience with various specialties during medical school. Means of enhancing medical student exposure to plastic surgery are suggested.
BACTERIOPHAGE M13 MODULATES THE SEPSIS-RELATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND ORGAN DAMAGE IN A CLP MODEL
Authors: Rahimi Arezou , Soudi Sara , Vakilian Saeid , Jamshidi-Adegani Fatemeh , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Al-Hashmi Sulaiman 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder that leads to the induction of inflammatory responses and organ failure. Phage therapy is a new approach to controlling infections resistant to common treatments, including sepsis. Several studies have shown the effect of lytic bacteriophages on infection control by reducing the bacterial load. The present study deals with lysogenic bacteriophage M13 on the inflammatory responses caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in a mouse model. Methods Bacteriophage M13 harvested from ER2738, titrated, and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. In vitro toxicity and immunomodulatory effect of bacteriophage M13 were assessed on splenocytes by measurement of cell viability and the production level of cytokines, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. For in vivo experiments, 8-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following three groups: CLP + NS (treated with normal saline), CLP + M13 (treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 109 PFU/mL of bacteriophage M13), and sham + NS (induced surgery but without ligation and puncture, treated with NS). The mice were killed at different time points after surgery (6, 24, 48, and 72, n = 10 for each time point of each group). The kidney, liver, and lungs were harvested for histopathological analysis, and blood was obtained for cytokine and liver enzyme assay. The spleen was used to assess the bacterial load using colony-forming unit assay. The rectal temperature and survival were evaluated during the study. Results According to the in vitro results, 109 PFU/mL of bacteriophage M13 was not toxic and did not affect the level of cytokine, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species production by splenocytes, but it reduced the inflammatory response of splenocytes in responses to LPS. In vivo studies indicated that the amount of proinflammatory cytokines, liver enzymes, bacterial load, and organ failure were decreased in the CLP + M13 group compared with CLP + NS, whereas the survival rate was increased. Conclusions These experiments demonstrated that bacteriophage M13 could lessen the consequences related to sepsis in CLP mice and can be considered a therapeutic approach in sepsis.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreatic Disease and Triglyceride/Glucose Index
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , de Oliveira Luis Matos , Vinhaes Bittencourt Alcina Maria , Baptista Gustavo Magno , Matos de Oliveira Gabriela Correia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) is an increase of fat in the pancreas, and has an important association with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research has confirmed that the triglyceridemia/glycemia (TyG) index determines IR as much as does the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp assessment as the homeostasis model testing of IR (HOMA-IR).ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between degree of NAFPD and TyG index.MethodsIn 72 patients undergoing ultrasound of abdomen with a diagnosis of NAFPD, insulin, glucose, and triglycerides levels were evaluated. The HOMA-IR index was used as a reference of IR. The degrees of NAFPD and the TyG index were presented through the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves in order to evaluate the association between different degrees of NAFPD and the TyG index and its correlation with HOMA-IR.ResultsThere was a statistically significant correlation between the degree of NAFPD and the TyG index. The AUROC curve for the TyG index for predicting the degree of NADPD was 0.855 (0.840–0.865). The intensity-adjusted probabilities of the degree of NAFPD were more strongly associated with TyG values when compared with HOMA-IR.ConclusionIn this study the TyG index correlated positively with the degree of NAFPD, performing better than HOMA-IR.
Demystifying image-based machine learning: A practical guide to automated analysis of field imagery using modern machine learning tools
Authors: Belcher Byron T. , Bower Eliana H. , Burford Benjamin , Celis Maria Rosa , Fahimipour Ashkaan K. , Guevara Isabella L. , Katija Kakani , Khokhar Zulekha , Manjunath Anjana , Nelson Samuel , Olivetti Simone , Orenstein Eric , Saleh Mohamad H. , Vaca Brayan , Valladares Salma , Hein Stella A. , Hein Andrew M. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTImage-based machine learning methods are quickly becoming among the most widely-used forms of data analysis across science, technology, and engineering. These methods are powerful because they can rapidly and automatically extract rich contextual and spatial information from images, a process that has historically required a large amount of manual labor. The potential of image-based machine learning methods to change how researchers study the ocean has been demonstrated through a diverse range of recent applications. However, despite their promise, machine learning tools are still under-exploited in many domains including species and environmental monitoring, biodiversity surveys, fisheries abundance and size estimation, rare event and species detection, the study of wild animal behavior, and citizen science. Our objective in this article is to provide an approachable, application-oriented guide to help researchers apply image-based machine learning methods effectively to their own research problems. Using a case study, we describe how to prepare data, train and deploy models, and avoid common pitfalls that can cause models to underperform. Importantly, we discuss how to diagnose problems that can cause poor model performance on new imagery to build robust tools that can vastly accelerate data acquisition in the marine realm. Code to perform our analyses is provided athttps://github.com/heinsense2/AIO_CaseStudy