bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric characteristics of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters for proton beams
Authors: Oonsiri Sornjarod , Kingkaew Sakda , Vimolnoch Mananchaya , Chatchumnan Nichakan , Oonsiri Puntiwa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The study of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters (RGDs) in the clinical usage of proton beams is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of RGDs for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. The feasibility of using an RGD in end-to-end testing of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans at various treatment sites was also evaluated.
Materials and methods: The dosimetric characteristics of the GD-302M type glass dosimeter were studied in terms of uniformity, short-term and long-term reproducibility, stability of the magazine position readout, dose linearity in the range from 0.2-20 Gy, energy response in 70-220 MeV, MU/spot, dose rate response, and fading effect. The reference conditions of the spot scanning beam from the Varian ProBeam Compact system were operation at 160 MeV, a 2 cm water equivalent depth in a solid water phantom, a 10×10 cm field size at the isocenter, and 2 Gy dose delivery. End-to-end testing of IMPT plans for the head, abdomen, and pelvis was verified by using the Alderson Rando phantom. The overall uncertainty analysis was confirmed in this study.
Results: The relative response of RGDs for the uniformity test was within 0.95-1.05. The %CVs of the short-term and long-term reproducibility were 1.16% and 1.50%, respectively. The FGD-1000 automatic reader showed stable magazine position readout. The dose linearity was found to have an obviously good linear relationship, with R2 = 0.9988. The energy response relative to 160 MeV was approximately within 4.0%. The MU/spot and dose rate had less effect on the RGD readout. The fading effect was relatively stable for 10 weeks of storage, within 2.4%. For the end-to-end test, the maximum difference between the treatment plan and RGD measurement showed a very good result that was within 1.0%. The overall uncertainty of the RGD measurement for the proton beam was 4.6%.
Conclusion: RGDs have confirmed the potential for proton dosimetry, including in end-to-end testing. The appropriate correction factor for the energy response can be applied for dose verification of scanning proton beams.
Incorporating heterogeneity in farmer disease control behaviour into a livestock disease transmission model
Authors: Hill Edward , Prosser Naomi , Brown Paul , Ferguson Eamonn , Green Martin , Kaler Jasmeet , Keeling Matt , Tildesley Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human behaviour is critical to effective responses to livestock disease outbreaks, especially with respect to vaccination uptake. Traditionally, mathematical models used to inform this behaviour have not taken heterogeneity in farmer behaviour into account. We address this by exploring how heterogeneity in farmers vaccination behaviour can be incorporated to inform mathematical models. We developed and used a graphical user interface to elicit farmers (n = 60) vaccination decisions to an unfolding epidemic and linked this to their psychosocial and behavioural profiles. We identified, via cluster analysis, robust patterns of heterogeneity in vaccination behaviour. By incorporating these groupings into a mathematical livestock disease model, we explored how heterogeneity in behaviour impacts epidemiological outcomes. When assuming homogeneity in farmer behaviour versus configurations informed by the psychosocial profile cluster estimates, the modelled scenarios revealed a disconnect in projected distributions and threshold statistics across outbreak size, outbreak duration and health economic measures.
Treatment of a maternal in cardiogenic shock due to bacterial endocarditis combined with Libman-Sacks endocarditis ： a case report and literature review
Authors: Chen ZeLun , Wang Tianguang , Zhou Dexing , Wang MingFa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

As one of the most common cardiac manifestations of systemin lupus erythematous (SLE), Libman-Sacks (LS) endocarditis is a non-bacterial form of thrombotic endocarditis characterized by sterile vegetations deposited on heart valves consisting of fibrin mixed with immune complexes and platelets. Although patients with LS endocarditis usually have no significant valvular, persistent LS endocarditis may be complicated by bacterial endocarditis, leading to serious complications including acute valve regurgitation, acute heart failure, and even cardiogenic shock, which were rare in maternal. Therefore, such case with atypical SLE manifestations combining with various complications deserves more attention.

Case presentation

We reported a rare case of a maternal without SLE history who progressed to cardiogenic shock resulting in preterm. After delivery of fetus, she was considered as bacterial endocarditis according to the results of lab tests and echocardiography. Then, LS endocarditis was also found after surgery. Moreover, SLE with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) was also confirmed during the course of treatment. Finally, Combined use of methylprednisolone and human immunoglobulin injection was carried out and the patient’s condition improved and discharged on the 13th post-operative day.

Conclusion

The interference of infective endocarditis with the type of pre-existing lesion in the disease process can influence our judgement and treatment decisions, which is worth noting.
Phase-field based peridynamics implementation to model blast-induced fracture in brittle solids
Authors: Mondal Anirban , Pathrikar Anil , Karekal Shivakumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a non-ordinary state-based (NOSB) peridynamics models for (i) stress concentration in a plate with a hole under static loading, (ii) blast induced dynamic brittle fracture process and (iii) subsurface blast induced damage in steel reinforced concrete. In this model formulation, fractures take their own natural paths. Damage is captured through a scalar damage variable that transits from an intact state of the material to the fully damaged state in a sharp yet smooth manner. The proposed blast formulation considers the effect of conversion of a material state from solid (explosives reactants) to gaseous state (products) during shock wave detonation. The pressure in explosive gas is evaluated using an equation of state. The interaction between gas and rock is modelled using extrapolated stress based on the considerations of stress continuity and numerical stability at the solid-gas interface. The equations that govern the mechanical deformation and damage, are in the form of coupled integrodifferential equations derived based on the Hamilton’s principle. Proposed formulation captures the initial radial cracks and spall fracture in the rock medium under explosive induced both shock energy and gas energy, and the subsurface damaged zone in the steel reinforced concrete medium. The simulation results of all the three peridynamics models are compared and validated with published results.
Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract Prevents the Occurrence of Early Atherosclerosis
in Apoe -/- Mice via TLR4/ NF-kB Pathway
Authors: Wu Ruoyu , Zhang Linqi , Xu Hongjun , Chen Hongxu , Zhao Wei , Zhou Yongjie , Zhou Luyang , Wu Jiangli , An Shengjun 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) contains four major aqueous active ingredients, which have been isolated, purified and identified as danshensu (DSS), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A), salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL), A mixture of these four ingredients is called SABP. Although aqueous extract from Salvia Miltiorrhiza has been traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases, the efficacy and function of the optimal ratio of SABP in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases remain unknown. This study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying the attenuation of atherosclerosis development by aqueous extract from Salvia Miltiorrhiza.

Methods:
Male ApoE-/- mice (6 weeks) were randomly allocated into three groups: the model group (Model), the SABP group (SABP), and the rosuvastatin calcium group (RC). Male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) were used as a control group. All mice were fed with an ordinary diet. After 8 weeks of treatment, the lipid profiles in serum and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in heart tissue were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Alterations of the thoracic aorta and the heart were assessed using Hematoxylin and eosin staining. The protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TGF beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the heart tissue were determined though immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis.

Results:
The serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were increased, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was decreased in ApoE-/- mice. SABP significantly decreased serum lipid levels and improved histopathology in the thoracic aorta. In addition. SABP treatment inhibited the expression of TLR4, TAK1, NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α in the heart in ApoE-/- mice. The LDH and CK in the heart did not differ significantly among different groups, and the heart did not have obvious pathological changes.

Conclusion:
These findings indicated that SABP may exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect by lowering blood lipids and inhibiting inflammatory response via TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway.
Therapeutic and Health Promoting Potential of Bakuchiol from Psoralea
corylifolia: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Bakuchiol, is a principal bioactive component present in seeds of Psoralea corylifolia.
It is one of the important monoterpene phenols and has been reported to possess extensive
pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hepatoprotective.
Bakuchiol also plays a significant role in mental disorders. With an aim to explore the
pharmacological potential of plant Psoralea corylifolia and its bioactive constituent, Bakuchiol;
which may act as a lead to develop new molecular entities as drugs. A substantial literature
survey was performed by scientific search engines like PubMed, Scopus,Web of Science,
Science Direct, etc., and were reviewed with particular emphasis on their scientific impact and
novelty. The study concludes that both Psoralea and bakuchiol possess innumerable pharmacological
potentials to treat multiple disorders. Altogether, the promising pharmacological activities
of bakuchiol may open new probes for therapeutic invention in the management of numerous
ailments. Thus, the present review gives the erudition of bakuchiol as d foundation for
further studies on the molecular mechanisms of BXXXD in the treatment of T2DM.
Research on the Influence of Different Winding Forms on the Performance
of Induction Motor
Authors: Yang Cunxiang , Ma Xiaolu , Qiu Hongbo , Liu Yubao , Liu Xiaomei 
Published: February 2023

Background:
As a component of the motor’s electromechanical energy conversion,
the winding is very important. When the winding design is improper, the harmonic content is increased,
which leads to an increase in the motor loss and torque ripple. Therefore, winding design
is very important for motor design.

Objective:
The effect of winding forms on the induction motor is analysed in this paper. The
variation in performance parameters of different winding forms is invesitgated.

Methods:
This paper takes an 11 kW, 1500 r/min induction motor as the research object; the
two- dimensional transient field finite element model has been established to calculate the basic
parameters, which are then compared with the experimental data to verify the correctness of the
model. Finally, the magnetizing reactance, starting performance, stator leakage reactance, various
losses, and efficiency under different winding forms are calculated and compared.

Results:
When the motor adopts double-layer winding, the magnetizing reactance, stator slot
leakage reactance, and harmonic leakage reactance are less than those of the motor with single-layer
winding by 13.47%, 25.37% and 20.97%, respectively, while the end-leakage reactance, starting
torque, and starting current rotor copper loss are higher than those of the motor with single-layer
winding by 7.14%, 9.52%, 18.54%, and 15.23%, respectively. The core loss and stator copper loss
of motors with different winding forms are almost unchanged. The efficiency of the motor with
single-layer winding is higher than that of the motor with double-layer winding by 1.22%.

Conclusion:
When the winding form is different, the magnetizing reactance, stator slot leakage
reactance, harmonic leakage reactance, and end-leakage reactance are different. Leakage reactance
is the main factor that causes a difference in starting torque and starting current between the two
winding forms. The core loss and stator copper loss of motor with different winding forms are almost
unchanged, while the difference in the rotor copper loss is obvious. In addition, the efficiency of
the motor with single-layer winding is higher than that of the motor with double-layer winding.
Linguistic Methodologies to Surveil the Leading Causes of Mortality: Scoping Review of Twitter for Public Health Data
Authors: Lane Jamil M , Habib Daniel , Curtis Brenda 
Published: February 2023

Background
Twitter has become a dominant source of public health data and a widely used method to investigate and understand public health–related issues internationally. By leveraging big data methodologies to mine Twitter for health-related data at the individual and community levels, scientists can use the data as a rapid and less expensive source for both epidemiological surveillance and studies on human behavior. However, limited reviews have focused on novel applications of language analyses that examine human health and behavior and the surveillance of several emerging diseases, chronic conditions, and risky behaviors.

Objective
The primary focus of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of relevant studies that have used Twitter as a data source in public health research to analyze users’ tweets to identify and understand physical and mental health conditions and remotely monitor the leading causes of mortality related to emerging disease epidemics, chronic diseases, and risk behaviors.

Methods
A literature search strategy following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extended guidelines for scoping reviews was used to search specific keywords on Twitter and public health on 5 databases: Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. We reviewed the literature comprising peer-reviewed empirical research articles that included original research published in English-language journals between 2008 and 2021. Key information on Twitter data being leveraged for analyzing user language to study physical and mental health and public health surveillance was extracted.

Results
A total of 38 articles that focused primarily on Twitter as a data source met the inclusion criteria for review. In total, two themes emerged from the literature: (1) language analysis to identify health threats and physical and mental health understandings about people and societies and (2) public health surveillance related to leading causes of mortality, primarily representing 3 categories (ie, respiratory infections, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19). The findings suggest that Twitter language data can be mined to detect mental health conditions, disease surveillance, and death rates; identify heart-related content; show how health-related information is shared and discussed; and provide access to users’ opinions and feelings.

Conclusions
Twitter analysis shows promise in the field of public health communication and surveillance. It may be essential to use Twitter to supplement more conventional public health surveillance approaches. Twitter can potentially fortify researchers’ ability to collect data in a timely way and improve the early identification of potential health threats. Twitter can also help identify subtle signals in language for understanding physical and mental health conditions.
Web-Based Patient Recommender Systems for Preventive Care: Protocol for Empirical Research Propositions
Authors: Howell Pamella , Aryal Arun , Wu Crystal 
Published: February 2023

Background
Preventive care helps patients identify and address medical issues early when they are easy to treat. The internet offers vast information about preventive measures, but the sheer volume of data can be overwhelming for individuals to process. To help individuals navigate this information, recommender systems filter and recommend relevant information to specific users. Despite their popularity in other fields, such as e-commerce, recommender systems have yet to be extensively studied as tools to support the implementation of prevention strategies in health care. This underexplored area presents an opportunity for recommender systems to serve as a complementary tool for medical professionals to enhance patient-centered decision-making and for patients to access health information. Thus, these systems can potentially improve the delivery of preventive care.

Objective
This study proposes practical, evidence-based propositions. It aims to identify the key factors influencing patients’ use of recommender systems and outlines a study design, methods for creating a survey, and techniques for conducting an analysis.

Methods
This study proposes a 6-stage approach to examine user perceptions of the factors that may influence the use of recommender systems for preventive care. First, we formulate 6 research propositions that can be developed later into hypotheses for empirical testing. Second, we will create a survey instrument by collecting items from extant literature and then verify their relevance using expert analysis. This stage will continue with content and face validity testing to ensure the robustness of the selected items. Using Qualtrics (Qualtrics), the survey can be customized and prepared for deployment on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Third, we will obtain institutional review board approval because this is a human subject study. In the fourth stage, we propose using the survey to collect data from approximately 600 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk and then using R to analyze the research model. This platform will serve as a recruitment tool and the method of obtaining informed consent. In our fifth stage, we will perform principal component analysis, Harman Single Factor test, exploratory factor analysis, and correlational analysis; examine the reliability and convergent validity of individual items; test if multicollinearity exists; and complete a confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
Data collection and analysis will begin after institutional review board approval is obtained.

Conclusions
In pursuit of better health outcomes, low costs, and improved patient and provider experiences, the integration of recommender systems with health care services can extend the reach and scale of preventive care. Examining recommender systems for preventive care can be vital in achieving the quadruple aims by advancing the steps toward precision medicine and applying best practices.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/43316
A Family-Based Collaborative Care Model for Treatment of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Perinatal Women: Results From a Pilot Study
Authors: Cluxton-Keller Fallon , Olson Ardis 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundUntreated perinatal depression and anxiety can have detrimental consequences on family function. Logistical barriers prevent many perinatal women from accessing treatment, and these barriers are compounded for women residing in rural areas. This paper describes a Family-Based Collaborative Care Model (FBCCM) that is designed to bypass barriers to increase access to care for depressed and anxious perinatal women in rural regions of the United States. The FBCCM includes the following two components: (1) a 10-session video-delivered family therapy treatment for perinatal depression and anxiety and (2) a video-delivered infant care provider training on addressing the parenting needs of depressed and anxious mothers.ObjectiveThis paper describes the feasibility of implementing the FBCCM with families and infant care providers. Findings are presented on the preliminary effectiveness of the video-delivered family therapy treatment in reducing maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, and family conflict.MethodsThis pilot study was carried out using an implementation-effectiveness hybrid trial design without a comparison group. Changes in maternal depressive symptoms, maternal anxiety symptoms, and family conflict were measured at posttreatment, 3 months, and 6 months later.ResultsOn average, mothers (n=24) attended 9.79 (SD 1.02) sessions. On average, their family members (n=24) attended 9.42 (SD 1.28) sessions. A total of 31 infant care providers attended the training on addressing the parenting needs of depressed and anxious mothers. Mothers reported a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (P<.001) and anxiety symptoms (P<.001) from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Mothers reported a significant reduction in conflict (P<.001), and their family members also reported a significant reduction in conflict (P=.007) from baseline to the 6-month follow-up.ConclusionsThe findings from this study provide support for the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the FBCCM. The findings will be used to inform a larger study of the FBCCM.