bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and electroencephalogram characteristics of methylmalonic acidemia with neurological injury
Authors: Yuan Yujun , Ma Ying , Wu Qiong , Huo Liang , Liu Chun-Feng , Liu Xueyan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective The study aims to investigate the clinical, imaging, and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of methylmalonic academia (MMA) with nervous system damage as the primary manifestation.Methods From January 2017 to November 2022, patients with nervous system injury as the main clinical manifestation diagnosed as methylmalonic acidemia by hematuria metabolism or genetic test were collected and analyzed. Their clinical data, imaging data, and electroencephalogram data were analyzed.Result A total of 22 patients were enrolled, including 18 males and 4 females. The clinical symptoms included convulsions, developmental delay, feeding difficulties, poor feeding, disturbance of consciousness, abnormal movement (including involuntary movement, decreased muscle strength, and motor incoordination), and hypotonia. There were 8 cases (36%) of hydrocephalus, 2 cases (9%) of exencephaly effusion, 5 cases (22%) of corpus callosum dysplasia, 5 cases (22%) of myelination dysplasia, 1 case (4%) of abnormal frontal lobe signal, 1 case (4%) of decreased hippocampal volume, 6 cases (27%) of the abnormal lateral ventricular signal. Furthermore, 3 cases (13%) had abnormal signals in the basal ganglia. Also, there were 3 cases (13%) of cerebral atrophy/small parenchymal volume and 1 case (4%) of cytotoxic edema in the basal ganglia and cerebral peduncle. EEG data showed that there were 2 cases (9%) of hyper arrhythmia, 7 cases (31%) of voltage reduction, 13 cases (59%) of abnormal discharge, 15 cases (68%) of abnormal sleep physiological wave or abnormal sleep structure, 1 case (4%) of immature (delayed) EEG development, and 12 cases (54%) of slow background. There were 2 cases (9%) of spasms, 1 case (4%) of atonic seizures, and 1 case (4%) of myoclonic seizures. There were 20 patients (90%) with hyperhomocysteinemia. Treatments included intramuscular injections of vitamin B12, L-carnitine, betaine, folic acid, and oral therapy. Acute treatment included anti-infective, blood transfusion, gamma globulin, fluid replenishment, correcting acidosis, and other treatments. Other treatments include low protein diets, special formula milk powder, and antiepileptic treatment.Conclusion Methylmalonic acidemia can affect the central nervous system, leading to structural changes or abnormal signals in head MRI. Hematuric metabolic screening and genetic testing help make the diagnosis clear. EEG can reflect the changes in brain function in the acute phase. With the remission of the disease, the electroencephalogram can return to normal. However, the children may still experience some deterioration in development.
Breast Milk from Covid-19 Negative Lactating Mothers Shows Neutralizing Activity Against Sars-Cov-2
Authors: Morniroli Daniela , Signorini Lucia , Dolci Maria , Vizzari Giulia , Ronchi Andrea , Pietrasanta Carlo , Pugni Lorenza , Mosca Fabio , Delbue Serena , Giannì Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Breastmilk protects newborns from infections through specific and nonspecific compounds. This study investigated the neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 of breastmilk from SARS-CoV-2 negative, unvaccinated mothers, and compared it to that from infected nursing mothers. We enrolled women after COVID-19 swab testing results upon maternity admission, and divided them into two groups: group A, COVID-19-positive mothers, and group B, negative mothers. Breastmilk was randomly sampled at 2, 7, and 20 days postpartum. We collected 19 samples for Group A and 41 for Group B. A microneutralization assay was used to determine the 50% neutralization (NT50) titre. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was also determined. Group A had 100% neutralizing samples at T0, declining in T1 and T2. Group B samples exhibited neutralizing activity mostly at T1 (90%). Negative mothers' samples showed no correlation between NT50 titres and antibodies' presence, suggesting that non-specific breast milk components may exert antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2.
Anopheles stephensi is implicated in an outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that carry markers of drug and diagnostic resistance in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia, January–July 2022
Authors: TADESSE FITSUM , EMIRU TADELE , Getachew Dejene , Murphy Maxwell , Sedda Luigi , Ejigu Legesse , Bulto Mikiyas , Byrne Isabel , Demisse Mulugeta , Abdo Melat , Chali Wakweya , Elliot Aaron , Vickers Eric , Diaz Andres , Alemayehu Lina , Behaksera Sinknesh , Jebessa Gutema , Dinka Hunduma , Tsegaye Tizita , Teka Hiwot , Chibsa Sheleme , Mumba Peter , Girma Samuel , Hwang Jimee , Yeshimizu Melissa , Sutcliffe Alice , Taffese Hiwot , Bayissa Gudissa , Zohdy Sarah , Tongren Jon , Drakeley Chris , Greenhouse Bryan , Bousema Teun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Anopheles stephensi, an Asian urban malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. We investigated the role of An. stephensi in malaria transmission following a dry season outbreak in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, from April to July 2022, using a prospective case control design. Plasmodium falciparum microscopy-positive febrile patients (n = 101) and microscopy-negative controls (n = 189) were identified and their contacts (n = 662) screened. Spatial clustering of P. falciparum infections detected in the case contacts but not the controls which was strongly associated with detection of An. stephensi and the detection of sporozoites provides the strongest evidence to date for a role of An. stephensi in driving an urban malaria outbreak in Africa. Importantly, this outbreak involved clonal propagation of drug and diagnostic resistant parasites. This study provides the first epidemiological direct evidence linking An. stephensi with increase in malaria transmission in Africa, highlighting the major public health threat of this fast-spreading invasive mosquito.
In-silico identification of stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one as a potential White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) inhibitor via ligand-receptor interaction analysis
Authors: Raja Bharath , Radhakrishnan Vidya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

White spot syndrome, a viral disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus in penaeid shrimp, is causing significant economic losses in the shrimp farming industry. Envelope structural proteins are considered to be the first molecules to interact with the host cell upon viral attachment. Thus, these envelope proteins are identified as promising molecular targets for drug development. In the present study, the anti-viral activity of Sargassum wightii was determined by both in-vitro and in-silico analysis. Crabs were injected with petroleum ether extract of S. wightii along with WSSV for the experimental challenge and observed 30 days post-infection. The anti-viral activity of S. wightii was confirmed by bio-assay, histopathology and in-silico analysis. GC–MS analysis of S. wightii identified 15 compounds, respectively. An in-silico molecular docking of the envelope protein VP28, VP26 and VP24 with ligand stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one exhibited high binding energy. Molecular simulation and dynamics were done to validate the stability protein-ligand binding. Therefore, the results of the present study confirmed that S. wightii can be used for treatment of WSSV.
Gap between the concerns of healthcare professionals and parents’ perceptions regarding dietary habits for 18- month- and 3-year-old children in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Midori , Morinaga Yumiko , Haraikawa Mayu , Akiyama Yuka , Sasaki Kemal , Horie Saki , Yoshiike Nobuo , Yamazaki Yoshihisa , Yokoyama Tetsuji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background A gap has been reported between healthcare professionals’ (hereafter “professionals”) recognition of young children’s diets and parents’ perception of concern. This study investigated the gap between the concerns reported by professionals and parents’ perceptions regarding health and dietary habits by age (18 months old and 3 years old) and gender in Japan.Methods The study was carried out with the cooperation of municipal governments. After obtaining informed consent from parents, questionnaires were distributed to them. The survey included 30 items on to children’s health and dietary habits. The parents indicated whether they were concerned in response to each item. Next, the professionals provided counseling to the parents at a health checkup. After this counseling, the professionals noted their concerns in response to the same items as those given to parents. The participation rates were 82.9% (18 months) and 82.8% (3 years). In the statistical analysis, the items that were judged as concerning by professionals but not by parents were identified; likewise, the items that were of concern to parents but not to professionals were identified. Sensitivity, false negative rate, specificity, false positive rate, and Youden index were calculated to analyze the discordance rate for each item.Results Many parents in this study were concerned about the issues that professionals did not consider to be concerning. Moreover, the parents worried about more issues for 3-year-olds than for 18-month-olds. The items for which ≥ 10 professionals indicated concerns and with higher discordance between the professionals and parents for both boys and girls were “picky eating” for 18-month-olds and “inconsistent amount of food” for 3-year-olds.Conclusions The concerns that professionals have with respect to children’s’ diets and the things that parents worry about show gaps. It might be necessary to provide professional counseling for parents to develop a correct understanding of their children’s dietary habits.
Exogenous neural stem cells promote migratory repair of dissociative injury in the rat olfactory bulb
Authors: Chen Huizhen , Sun Yong , Yan Shiwei , Liu Xiguang , Zhang Ziyuan , Li Aimin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Our study aims to explore whether transplantation of exogenous NSCs could be an effective means to deal with neuronal death. In this study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) nerve tracing and rat olfactory bulb injury model were established; olfactory function was evaluated; HRP nerve tracing assay was conducted; primary NSCs was prepared, identified, differentiated into astrocytes, and used for treatment SD rats with injured olfactory bulb. Results showed that the foraging time was longer in the disconnected olfactory bulb group than the undisconnected group; HRP nerve tracing showed negative TMB staining in the disconnected olfactory bulb injury site and positive TMB staining in the corresponding undisconnected olfactory bulb site, which confirmed the successful establishment of the rat olfactory bulb disconnected injury model. The primary rat cortical-derived NSCs were confirmed positive by Nestin immunofluorescence staining, and then transplanted to the olfactory nerve of olfactory bulb disconnected rats after Brdu labeling. The foraging time in the NSCs transplanted group was shorter than that in the untransplanted group, and the transplanted NSCs migrated from the olfactory nerve to the site of olfactory bulb injury, showing positive cells for Nestin and Brdu staining in the olfactory bulb anterior nucleus, and a large number of positive cells for GFAP staining in the lateral edge of the olfactory ventricle (olfactory bulb inner sublayer and granular layer, etc.). In this study, we found that transplanted exogenous NSCs exerted a migratory repair effect on olfactory bulb dissociation injury in rats, providing a reference for clinical treatment of olfactory nerve injury.
Can ChatGPT generate energy, macro- and micro-nutrient sufficient meal plans for different dietary patterns?
Authors: Podszun Maren , Hieronimus Bettina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy of dietary meal plans generated by ChatGPT, an AI program for natural language processing. Meal plans were generated for three different dietary patterns, omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan, and their nutrient content was analyzed and compared to reference values. All meal plans exceeded the recommendations for protein and most failed to meet the recommendations for carbohydrates and fat. Saturated fat and fiber were within recommendations as were most micronutrients, except for vitamin D, fluoride, iodine, and selenium. The vegan meal plan lacked vitamin B12, and ChatGPT did not suggest supplementation. Overall, our findings indicate that ChatGPT cannot generate nutritionally adequate meal plans for the three dietary patterns evaluated in this study. It can, however, be a useful tool to generate meal plans that are then evaluated and adjusted according to the reference values.
Fast catalytic degradation of organic dyes in aqueous media using copper sulfate deposited on biowaste-derived hydroxyapatite
Authors: Yarahmadi Hossein , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Sheibani Reza , Tavangar Tohid , Shahmirzadi Mohammad Amin Alaei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Conversion of biowastes into valuable products will assist sustainable development and waste management. Eggshell could be used as a bio-template for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and widely applied in the field of catalytic processes. In this study, copper sulfate supported on hydroxyapatite (CuSO4@HAP) was rationally fabricated using biowaste eggshells (ES) by hydrothermal method and it was used for the fast catalytic degradation of organic pollutant dyes (OPDs) such as methylene blue (MB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous media. The physical and chemical properties of CuSO4@HAP were characterized via FTIR, XRD, BET, TEM, FE-SEM/EDS, and elemental mapping analyses. Results indicated that the synthesized catalyst was crystalline with great purity, homogeneous with fine particles, and mesoporous with a high specific surface area. Besides, the reaction progress was evaluated using a double-beam UV-vis spectrophotometer. The reaction conversion (%) under optimal conditions rapidly increased to an equilibrium state (99% for 4-NP, 96% for 4-NA, and 99.5% for MB) within a short time (t < 10 min). In addition, the catalytic rate constant of MB, 4-NP, and 4-NA in the presence of NaBH4 and CuSO4@HAP was calculated to be about 0.514, 0.492, and 0.317 min− 1, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential use of natural HAP-derived catalyst from biowaste eggshell with high efficiency and stability for degrading OPDs under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, CuSO4@HAP could be effectively separated and reused for four cycles with almost the same catalytic efficacy.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves transplant-free survival of PA-HSOS patients with no response to anticoagulation therapy——A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tu Jingjing , Zhang Han , Kong Derun , Feng Yanhong , Yu Yuecheng , Li Taishun , Zhou Yifei , Zhang Feng , Zhang Wei , Xu Hui , Yin Qin , Wang Yi , Zou Xiaoping , Wang Lei , Zhang Ming , Xiao Jiangqiang , Zhuge Yuzheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background & Aims Anticoagulation therapy is recommended during the acute or subacute stage for patients with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (PAHSOS). Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is suggested as step-up treatment when patients have no response to anticoagulants. However, the efficacy of TIPS in patients who do not respond to anticoagulants needs more evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TIPS in PA-HSOS patients with no response to initial anticoagulation treatment.
Methods We retrospectively enrolled PA-HSOS patients diagnosed based on the ‘Nanjing criteria’ between January 2013 and September 2020 from four hospitals, and all of them had no response to initial short-term anticoagulation therapy. Then, depending on the next treatment option, these patients were divided into the TIPS treatment group and the anticoagulation therapy group. The baseline information and clinical characteristics were collected and recorded. Liver transplant-free survival in both groups was the primary study endpoint and the risk factors for patient death were further analyzed.
Results A total of 473 PA-HSOS patients from four hospitals were included in the study, and 99 patients were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 63 patients were in the TIPS group and 36 were in the anticoagulation therapy group. In the anticoagulation therapy group, 25 patients received continuous anticoagulation treatment until the end of the study, and 11 patients did not respond to the prolonged anticoagulation therapy and turned to TIPS therapy halfway through treatment. There were 17 deaths during the median follow-up time of 32.5 months. The different choices of treatment (TIPS or continuous anticoagulation therapy), age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum total bilirubin (STB) were independent risk factors for predicting death. The patients in the TIPS group had a significantly higher transplant-free survival than those in the continuous anticoagulation therapy group (P=0.028). The prognosis of the mild and moderate patients treated with TIPS was better than that of the severe patients according to Drum Tower Severity Scoring (DTSS), a novel PA-HSOS severity grading criteria, while the severe patients did not show significant benefit with TIPS treatment.
Conclusions TIPS treatment can improve the transplant-free survival rate in PA-HSOS patients who have failed short-term anticoagulation therapy, and patients with DTSS of mild and moderate grade could benefit from TIPS.
Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almedia habitat exhibited robust adaptability to diverse socioeconomic scenarios in eastern India
Authors: Garai Sanjoy , Mishra Yogeshwar , Malakar Ayushman , Kumar Rikesh , Singh Ronak , Sharma Jassi , Tiwari Sharad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges to ecosystems is the rapidity of climate change, and their ability to adjust swiftly will be constrained. Climate change will disrupt the ecological balances, causing species to track suitable habitats for survival. Consequently, understanding the species' response to climate change is crucial for its conservation and management, and for enhancing biodiversity through effective management. This research intends to examine the response of the vulnerable Buchanania cochinchinensis species to climate change. We modeled the potential suitable habitats of B. cochinchinensis for the present and future climatic scenario proxies based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) i.e. SSP126, 245, 370 and 585. Maxent was used to simulate the potential habitats of B. cochinchinensis. The study found ~ 28313 sq km (~ 10.7% of the study area) was a potentially suitable habitat of B. cochinchinensis for the current scenario. The majority of the suitable habitat area ~ 25169 sq km occurred in the central and southern part of the study area. The future projection shows that the suitable habitat to largely increase in the range of 10.5–20% across all the SSPs, with maximum gain ~ 20% for SSP 126. The mean temperature of the wettest quarter (Bio_08) was the most influential contributing variable in limiting the distribution of B. cochinchinensis. The majority of the suitable habitat area occurred in the vegetation landscape. The study shows southward shifting of B. cochinchinensis habitat by 2050. The phytosociological research determined B. cochinchinensis as Shorea robusta's primary associate. Our research provides significant insight into the prospective distribution scenario of B. cochinchinensis habitat and its response to diverse socioeconomic scenarios, and offers a solid foundation for management of this extremely important species.
Where the wild bears roam: Examining the habitat preferences and distribution of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Armenia
Authors: Bartzokas Georgios , Ralev Andrey , Sluydts Vincent , Broecke Bram Vanden , Khachatryan Ruben , de Iongh Hans 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the habitat preferences and temporal activity of Armenian brown bears (Ursus arctos) in relation to human presence and the presence of other mammalian species in a biodiversity hotspot region is essential for their conservation. In this study we investigated how human disturbance affects the brown bear's temporal and spatial activity in the privately protected Caucasus Wildlife Refuge (CWR) of Armenia. In addition, we investigated spatio-temporal distribution of brown bear in relation to other wildlife present in the study area and looked at its habitat preferences. We placed 28 camera traps were placed in areas inside or adjacent to CWR for a period of 3 months in 2018. Presence/absence data were used to calculate the species richness and activity patterns and inserted in different occupancy models for the bears and the other mammals found in the area. Of the 14 medium and large-sized mammal species that could theoretically live in the area, we recorded 13, four of which are listed in the Red Book of Animals of Armenia (including the very rare Caucasian leopard). The results showed that brown bears are, to a certain extent habituated to human presence, since they were found near human settlements. Areas closer to water bodies were also found to be more likely occupied by brown bears. In addition, brown bear presence had a positive effect on the occupancy of potential prey species. The activity pattern analysis revealed that there is some diel temporal partitioning present between brown bear's and other mammalian species' activity.
Evaluation of Ceftriaxone Pharmacokinetics in Hospitalized Egyptian Pediatric Patients
Authors: Eldougdoug Mohamed W. , Youssef Doaa M. , El-Shal Amal S. , Sharaf Yasmine Ahmed , Raparla Sridivya , Jasti Bhaskara R. , Elnahas Hanan M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics that affects the achievement of targets in the treatment of critically ill children (Meningitis, Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection, Peritonitis, and Infective Endocarditis( who admitted to Zagazig University Pediatric hospital in Egypt to monitor for the drug adverse effects.Patients and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 24 hospitalized pediatric patients(ages ranging from 2.5 months to 12 years) after administering the calculated dose of ceftriaxone via intravenous bolus route. Then, Ceftriaxone plasma concentrations were measured using a validated HPLC method with ultraviolet detection. The pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using Phoenix Winnonlin Program® software.Results Data for total and free ceftriaxone best fitted on a one-compartment model with the first-order elimination process. Clearance of Ceftriaxone is reduced for patients with reduced kidney function and increased with those with augmented renal clearance. The volume of distribution and the free fraction are increased in these patients, especially those with hypoalbuminemia with a shorter half-life time were detected. A slight increase in total bilirubin and liver enzymes has been observed after treatment with ceftriaxone in these patients.Conclusion In most critically ill pediatric patients, the current ceftriaxone treatment regimen (50 to 100 mg/kg) offers adequate pathogenic coverage. The clearance of free Ceftriaxone in all patients correlates well with their renal function (eGFR), with r2 = 0.7252. During therapy with ceftriaxone at all doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg, a rise in total bilirubin was observed in these patients. Moreover, liver enzymes (ALT and AST) increased moderately (p 0.0001). So, it is recommended to monitor total bilirubin and liver enzymes during the treatment with ceftriaxone, especially for a long duration (more than five days) or use another agent in patients with high baseline values.