bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freedom of Religion in Canada – The Principled and the Pragmatic
Authors: Moon Richard 
Published: January 2025

While much of Canada’s early commitment to religious freedom was simply a pragmatic compromise to ensure social peace and political stability, the Supreme Court of Canada in a series of judgments that pre-dated the Charter sought to articulate a principled account of religious freedom as an “original freedom” that is an important “mode[] of self-expression” and “the primary condition[] of the community life”. This understanding of religious freedom shaped the Supreme Court of Canada’s initial reading of freedom of conscience and religion protected by s. 2 (a) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. However, the story of religious freedom in Canada is not simply that of a linear progression from the pragmatic tolerance of religious minorities to the principled protection of the individual’s religious freedom. In its subsequent s 2 (a) decisions, the Court began to read freedom of religion as a form of equality right that requires the state to remain neutral in religious matters. The state must not prefer the practices of one religious group over those of another and it must not restrict the religious practices of a group unless it has a substantial public reason to do so. Underlying the Court’s commitment to religious freedom is a recognition of the deep connection between the individual and her/his spiritual commitments and religious community and a desire to avoid the marginalization of minority religious groups. Concerns about inclusion and social peace that lay behind the extension of religious tolerance in Canada’s early history continue to be important in the contemporary justification and interpretation of religious freedom. The Court’s commitment to state neutrality in religious matters requires it to distinguish between the private sphere of individual or group spiritual life and the sphere of public secular life. However, the line between these two spheres is contestable, moveable, and porous.
L’évolution de la partie VII de la loi sur les langues officielles : un objectif ambitieux à la recherche de moyens efficaces
Authors: Eastaugh Érik Labelle 
Published: January 2025

Depuis son adoption en 1988, la Partie VII de la Loi sur les langues officielles suscite autant d’espoirs que de déceptions. Formulée de façon trop générale, la première version sera déclarée non justiciable par les tribunaux. La deuxième, pourtant formulée de façon plus précise, sera elle aussi privée d’effet concret, avant que la Cour d’appel fédérale n’intervienne en 2022 dans l’arrêt FFCB pour remettre les pendules à l’heure. Le présent article propose un bilan des progrès réalisés jusqu’à aujourd’hui et cherche à cerner plus en détail les questions qui attendent toujours une réponse claire en droit positif. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur aborde la question de la justiciabilité de la Partie VII, qui a fait l’objet d’un long débat et qui a donné lieu à un certain va-et-vient entre les tribunaux et le législateur, afin de résumer l’état du droit actuel. Ensuite, l’auteur analyse l’obligation de consulter reconnue par l’arrêt FFCB, ainsi que la condition préalable qui en déclenche l’application, soit le fait d’envisager la prise d’une décision susceptible d’avoir un effet sur l’« épanouissement » ou le « développement » d’une « minorité francophone ou anglophone », critère dont la portée demeure nébuleuse vu que les termes en question n’ont toujours pas été définis de façon claire par la jurisprudence. En s’appuyant sur des arrêts traitant de questions connexes, sur les travaux parlementaires précédant les modifications apportées à la Partie VII et sur les recherches en sociolinguistique, l’auteur esquisse une hypothèse quant à la nature et la portée des intérêts protégés.
Les modes de prévention et de règlement des différends [PRD] : une forme de participation citoyenne?
Authors: Audrerie Adeline 
Published: January 2025

Les modes de prévention et de règlement des différends [PRD] s’inscrivent dans une évolution de nos systèmes de justice vers une plus grande implication des individus. Le Code de procédure civile du Québec, en vigueur depuis le 1er janvier 2016, encourage la participation des personnes à la résolution de leurs différends et de leurs litiges. Le concept de « justice participative » annonçait bien avant l’entrée en vigueur de ce code un tel changement de culture. Le présent article propose de vérifier si ces processus prennent part à une forme de « participation citoyenne » dans le monde de la justice. Le concept de participation se situe, certes, au cœur du développement des modes de PRD, cependant des conceptions différentes de la participation, plus ou moins éloignées de la logique citoyenne, ont émergé selon les époques et les acteurs engagés dans le développement de ces processus. Après avoir les avoir distinguées, nous proposons d’explorer dans quelle mesure la recherche sur la participation citoyenne invite à poser un regard critique sur la justice participative, notamment en s’intéressant à la capacité dont disposent les personnes à participer à la résolution de leurs différends ainsi qu’en interrogeant l’instrumentalisation grandissante des modes de PRD.
Anterior retraction with a canine implant in the way using clear aligner: a case report
Authors: Zhang Xu , Lin Pochun , Liao Naiqi , Yuan Quan , Li Yu 
Published: January 2025

Objective
A 26-year-old woman came for orthodontic treatment to improve her profile with protrusive lips. Diagnosed as bimaxillary protrusion, extraction followed by anterior retraction was indispensable for the case. However, her left upper lateral incisor was absent, the left upper canine had moved mesially and replaced the adjacent incisor, and the original canine location was restored with a long implant, which was in good condition. Surgical removal of the implant would be tricky and might lead to atrophy of the alveolar bone. In addition, the upper left central incisor had a short, curved root, which could not undergo significant movement.

Materials and Methods
After crucial discussion between orthodontists and implantologists, based on digital setup, an innovative treatment plan was developed. Four incisors were extracted followed by clear aligner therapy for anterior retraction. An individualized zirconia abutment was installed on the upper left implant in a retroclined direction, cemented with a zirconia crown to replace the upper lateral incisor. Minimally invasive veneers were made to reshape the other upper incisors for better esthetics.

Results
Finally, the patient had her profile greatly improved and the teeth well aligned without removal of the implant.

Conclusion
Thus, the seemingly mission impossible was accomplished with a satisfactory outcome, thanks to imaginative treatment planning and delicate interdisciplinary collaboration based on digital simulation.
PARTISIPASI PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DESA MELALUI PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN DAN EDUKASI GIZI
Authors: Agil Dhiemitra Aulia Dewi  , Muhammad Salisul Khakim  
Published: January 2025

Indonesia saat ini mengalami permasalahan gizi ganda. Hasil survey Riset Kesehatan Dasar (2013) menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit tidak menular trendnya semakin meningkat dan penyakit menular masih terjadi di Indonesia. Ranting Aisyiyah Wonokromo memiliki anggota berjumlah sekitar 35 orang dengan rentang usia 30 – 70 tahun yang merupakan usia rentan mengalami penyakit degenerative. Permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu: (1) Belum adanya edukasi kesehatan dan gizi termasuk tentang pola hidup sehat dan Gerakan Masyarakat Indonesia Sehat di Ranting Aisyiyah Wonokromo, Pleret, (2) Beberapa anggota Ranting Aisyiyah Wonokromo, Pleret belum mengetahui tentang pola hidup sehat dan Gerakan Masyarakat Indonesia Sehat, (3) Belum ada media edukasi pola hidup sehat dan Gerakan Masyarakat Indonesia Sehat di Ranting Aisyiyah Wonokromo, Pleret, (3) Jarang sekali ada pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin di Ranting Aisyiyah Wonokromo, Pleret. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah edukasi gizi seimbang untuk penyakit degeneratif dan pemeriksaan kesehatan berupa tes darah cepat, pemberian leaflet, dan pelatihan singkat penggunaan spignomanometer digital kepada pengurus Ranting Aisyiyah Wonokromo. Dari total anggota PRA Wonokromo berjumlah 35 orang, sebagian saja yang hadir (20- 29 orang) mengikuti edukasi dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Dari 10 peserta yang memiliki data lengkap dalam 2 kali pemeriksaan, terdapat perbedaan tekanan darah diastole sebelum edukasi dan pemeriksaan kesehatan dengan sesudah (terjadi penurunan) (p<0.05). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan pemberian edukasi gizi menggunakan media seperti leaflet dinilai lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa media edukasi. Edukasi gizi dan pemeriksaan kesehatan dengan metode penyuluhan, pemberian leaflet dan pelatihan singkat efektif meningkatkan kesehatan anggota PRA Wonoromo.
Optimalisasi Penanggulangan Masyarakat Di Bidang Kesehatan Di Era Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Gelogor, Kecamatan Kediri, Lombok Barat
Authors: Arum Almuaromah Dita , Sarjito Sarjito 
Published: January 2025

Kondisi darurat akibat Covid-19 dalam kerangka negara kesatuan tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah pusat, namun perlu peran dan tanggung jawab pemerintah daerah. Hal ini menjadi penting bagi pemerintah untuk melakukan inovasi kebijakan dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19 tanpa mengesampingkan kebijakan yang telah di keluarkan oleh pemerintah pusat. Pada Kuliah Kerja Nyata Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah 2021 di Lombok Barat ini penulis melakukan pengabdian Masyarakat secara langsung walaupun di masa pandemi. Beberapa program kerja unggulan penulis adalah webinar Hidup sehat ditengah pandemic Covid-19 dan Pencegahan Stunting dan pernikahan usia dini. Dua program kerja ini adalah yang paling penulis unggulkan karena melihat kebutuhan dan keadaan masyarakat dimana desa Gelogor pernah masuk dalam daftar desa yang mengalami Stunting parah.
Pengaruh Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan terhadap Debit Banjir DAS Padolo
Authors: Budianto Muh Bagus , Hartana Hartana , Ihtiar Rizky Alfatihatul 
Published: January 2025

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Padolo mempunyai luas 222,89 km2. DAS Padolo bagian hulu berada di Kabupaten Bima, sedangkan bagian hilir berada di Kota Bima. Selain memberikan banyak manfaat, DAS Padolo juga memberikan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat, terutama dibagian hilir yaitu terjadinya banjir. Perubahan tata guna lahan merupakan salah satu pemicu meningkatnya debit banjir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan tata guna lahan terhadap debit banjir pada DAS Padolo. Dalam penelitian ini analisis intensitas hujan menggunakan metode Mononobe, analisis tata guna lahan menggunakan peta tata guna lahan dari DLHK propinsi NTB, sedangkan analisis debit banjir menggunakan software HEC-HMS versi 4.12. Parameter tata guna lahan menggunakan Curve Number (CN). Hasil analisis perubahan tata guna lahan selama kurun waktu antara tahun 2014 s/d 2023 menunjukkan lahan pertanian lahan kering mengalami peningkatan yang sangat besar yaitu sebesar 2.318, 53%. Penggunaan lahan lain yang mengalami peningkatan adalah sawah, permukiman dan hutan lahan kering sekunder masing-masing sebesar 111,14%, 69,38% dan 49,89%. Sedangkan penggunaan lahan yang mengalami penurunan luas adalah semak belukar sebesar 89,7%. Pertanian lahan kering campur juga mengalami penurunan luas lahan sebesar 67,70%. Perubahan tata guna lahan tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan debit banjir rata-rata sebesar 8,91%.
STUDENTSâ€™ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOGLE APPS FOR EDUCATION DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Asmara Rekha - , Rafli Zainal , Iskandar Ifan 
Published: January 2025

This article focused on analyzing the studentsâ€™ perceptions toward the implementation of Google Apps for Education (GAFE) during pandemic, namely; Google Classroom, Google Meet, and Google Form. A descriptive qualitative research method was applied with twelve undergraduate students majoring English field at Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir (UNISKI) Kayuagung taken as the research participants. To collect the data, the participants were asked to respond on the statements within the questionnaire. Likert Scale was then used. Findings showed that students gave positive perceptions regarding to the implementation of Google Apps for Education (GAFE) in online learning during the pandemic era. Most of the statements revealed that most students perceived positively their experience in learning online through the use of GAFE proposed in this study.Â Â Artikel ini berfokus pada analisis persepsi siswa terhadap implementasi Google Apps for Education (GAFE) selama pandemi, yaitu; Google Classroom, Google Meet, dan Google Form. Metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif diterapkan dengan dua belas mahasiswa sarjana jurusan bahasa Inggris di Universitas Islam Ogan Komering Ilir (UNISKI) Kayuagung diambil sebagai peserta penelitian. Untuk mengumpulkan data, para peserta diminta untuk menanggapi pernyataan dalam kuesioner. Likert Scale kemudian digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memberikan persepsi positif terkait penerapan Google Apps for Education (GAFE) dalam pembelajaran daring di era pandemi. Sebagian besar pernyataan mengungkapkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa merasakan secara positif pengalaman mereka dalam belajar online melalui penggunaan GAFE yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini.Â Â
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE LEARNING ACTIVITIES DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Wijaya Kristian Florensio 
Published: January 2025

This library study sought to investigate the implementation of online learning activities during the Covid-19 outbreak. To increase the reliability, robustness, and comprehensibility forming in this small-scale library study, the researcher employed a thematic analysis while clustering the most identical research findings from 30 previous online learning activity studies into some thematically categorized themes. As the topmost prioritization of this small-scale library investigation was to generate more comprehensible, relatable, and applicable research results beneficial for the betterment of worldwide English language teaching-learning enterprises, the researcher selected 30 published online learning activity investigations uploaded in varied journal article platforms ranging from 2020 to the 2022 year. Based on the data agglomeration final results, online learning activities promoted various advantages and disadvantages concerning EFL learnersâ€™ target language proficiency levels advancement and habitual classroom learning vicinities. Anchoring on this unassailable fact, globalized educational institutions and second language educators should work hand-in-hand to invent more contextual online learning dynamics currently matching with nowadays EFL learnersâ€™ learning needs, skills, and preferences.Â Â Â Â
Rebound tonometry intraocular pressure reference values for conscious adult Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus)
Authors: Gomez Prieto Lucia , Byron-Chance Dominic , Hollwarth Ashton J. , Dutton Thomas A. G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To obtain standard reference values of intraocular pressure measured with rebound tonometry in conscious healthy Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus).

Methods
17 Egyptian vultures presented for a routine health check, involving a full physical examination, blood film examination, Hct, manual total leukocyte count, and plasma biochemistry. 15 animals considered healthy and with no signs of stress underwent an ophthalmic examination, including observation of facial symmetry, adnexa, and direct fundoscopy to screen for ocular disease. Healthy animals, with no evidence of ocular disease and no signs of stress, were included in the study. The birds were manually restraint in an upright position for rebound tonometry of the right and left eyes.

Results
Mean and SD of intraocular pressure were 27.33 ± 3.54 mm Hg for the right eye and 27.00 ± 4.11 mm Hg for the left eye. There was no statistical difference when comparing the right and left eyes. The combined mean ± SD for both eyes was 27.2 ± 3.76 mm Hg.

Conclusions
Rebound tonometry was well tolerated in all animals included in the study. The results of intraocular pressure with rebound tonometry can be used as reference values during the ophthalmological examination of Egyptian vultures.

Clinical Relevance
The investigation of vision threatening diseases in Egyptian vultures may necessitate rebound tonometry as part of a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Rebound tonometry values obtained from anesthetized Egyptian vultures, or Egyptian vultures restrained in lateral, dorsal, or sternal positions, may differ from those reported here.
Implementasi Metode Tutor Sebaya dalam Pembelajaran Ekstrakurikuler Musik di SMPK St. Bernardus, Madiun
Authors: Renata Theresia Avilla Sus , Widodo Tri Wahyu , Adzkia Sagaf Faozata 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis penggunaan metode tutor sebaya dan proses kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seni musik di SMP Katolik Santo Bernardus, Madiun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Guru dan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler, menjadi subjek utama pada penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi, paparan, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode tutor sebaya diterapkan dengan memilih peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan lebih yang berperan sebagai tutor bagi teman sebayanya. Proses kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ini melibatkan kelompok-kelompok kecil, di mana setiap kelompok memiliki satu atau dua tutor. Aktivitas ini meliputi praktek bermain alat musik, latihan bersama, dan diskusi kelompok. Metode tutor sebaya relevan digunakan, terbukti dari semangat dan capaian prestasi bidang musik yang telah diraih. Penggunaan metode tutor sebaya berpotensi baik, terbukti terbentuknya rasa tanggung jawab, interaksi, dan kepedulian antar peserta didik.Kata kunci: ekstrakurikuler, musik, metode, tutor sebaya AbstractPeer Tutoring Method Implementation in Extracurricular Music Learning at St. Bernardus Catholic Junior High School, Madiun. This study aims to describe and analyze the use of the peer tutoring method and the process of extracurricular music activities at St. Bernardus Catholic Junior High School, Madiun. A qualitative approach was employed, using a case study method, with the music teacher and students participating in extracurricular activities as the main subjects of the study. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that the peer tutoring method is implemented by selecting students with advanced abilities to act as tutors for their peers. This extracurricular activity is conducted in small groups, with each group having one or two tutors. Activities include musical instrument practice, group rehearsals, and group discussions. The peer tutoring method is shown to be effective, as demonstrated by the enthusiasm and achievements in music attained by the students. The use of peer tutoring promotes positive outcomes, fostering responsibility, interaction, and care among students.Keywords: ekstracurricular, music, method, peer tutors
The Issue of Attribution of Acts Committed in the Information Space
Authors: Lukiyantseva I. G. 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION. Due to the recent trend related to the use of information and communication technologies by certain states with the aim to assert their geopolitical superiority, study of the issue of attribution of responsibility for acts committed in the information space as well as possible of responses to such attacks becomes even more relevant. Therefore, in the article the problems related to international responsibility, particularities of attacks in information space and ways to attribute such attacks, as well as effectiveness of international law are analyzed.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research examines treaties, international customs, general widely recognized principles of international law, as well as resolutions, materials and documents of specialized working groups, and doctrine. General scientific and specific scientific methods of enquiry (methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction, dialectical and formal legal methods) were used in the preparation of the study.RESEARCH RESULTS. The result of the conducted research is the conclusion that it is impossible to effectively regulate issues arising from the issue of attribution of acts committed in the information space exclusively with the current international law. Therefore, there is a need to develop a relevant international treaty taking into account the provisions of the concept of the UN Convention on International Information Security. At the same time, in order to effectively attribute an act, it is important to take into account the political, technical and legal elements of attribution of responsibility.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The article considers approaches to the issue of attribution of attacks in the information space as well as of possible ways of responding to such attacks within the framework of current international law. The problem of possible application of international humanitarian law, especially issue of interpretation of “attack” for the purposes of attacks in information space was also examined. In addition, the author analyzes the provisions of the concept of the UN Convention on International Information Security.The author concludes that current international law is not sufficient for effective attribution of an act committed in the information space. Elaboration of additional international legal regulation that would take into account the particularities of the information space is required. It is also crucial to develop international cooperation in this area, including through the creation of a global register of contact points.
RISIKO HIPERTENSI PADA PEREMPUAN DILIHAT DARI AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN STRES DI PUSKESMAS KASEMEN SERANG BANTEN
Authors: Amnor Rezky Ariska , Mediana Dian 
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypertension is always increasing every time, estimated to 1.5 billion individuals will be infected by 2025. Hypertension is a disease caused by many factors. Women of menopause have a greater risk of developing hypertension. It is also associated with a lack of physical activity, exerting a significant influence on blood pressure. In addition, continuous stress is also a factor causing hypertension. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 respondents in September - December 2023 at Puskesmas Kasemen, Serang, Banten using an analytics observational method with a non random consecutive sampling technique. Data processing using cross sectional methods with Fisher test. The data was obtained using questionnaires about physical activity and stress levels, and a sfigmomanometer. Results: The distribution of respondents with pre-elderly age was 54 people (54%), less physical activity was 60 people (60%), and severe stress was 55 people (55%). In the case of hypertension, 54 people (54%) suffered grade II hypertension, and more were uncontrolled (59%). There was no significant relationship between age, physical activity, and stress with controlled hypertension (p=0.220; 0.402; 0.762). There was no significant relationship between age and physical activity with uncontrolled hypertension (p=0.136; 0.440). While there was a relationship between stress and uncontrolled hypertension (p-0.000). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between age and physical activity with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension in elderly women. Stress was not significantly related to controlled hypertension, but significantly related to uncontrolled hypertension in elderly women.