bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil-only Histological Assessment of Ulcerative Colitis Correlates with Endoscopic Activity and Predicts Long-term Outcomes in a Multicentre Study
Authors: Parigi Tommaso L , Cannatelli Rosanna , Nardone Olga M , Zammarchi Irene , Shivaji Uday , Furfaro Federica , Zardo Davide , Spaggiari Paola , Del Sordo Rachele , Setti Orsola , Majumder Snehali , Smith Samuel C L , Danese Silvio , Armuzzi Alessandro , Villanacci Vincenzo , Ghosh Subrata , Iacucci Marietta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Backgrounds and Aims
Absence of neutrophils is the minimum standard to consider histological remission of ulcerative colitis [UC]. The PICaSSO Histological Remission Index [PHRI] is a new simple index for UC, based only on the detection of neutrophils. We evaluate PHRI’s correlation with endoscopy and its prognostic value compared with other established indices.

Methods
Consecutive patients with UC underwent colonoscopy at two referral centres [Birmingham, UK, and Milan, Italy,] and were followed up for 2 years. Correlation between histology (PHRI, Nancy [NHI], and Robarts [RHI] indexes) and endoscopy (Mayo Endoscopic Score [MES], Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS], and PICaSSO index) was calculated as Spearman coefficients. Diagnostic performance of endoscopy was assessed with receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves and outcome stratification with Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results
A total of 192 patients with UC was enrolled, representing all grades of endoscopic severity. Correlation between histology and endoscopy did not differ significantly when using PHRI instead of NHI or RHI. In particular, PHRI’s correlation with MES, UCEIS, and PICaSSO was 0.745, 0.718, and 0.694, respectively. Endoscopically-assessed remission reflected the absence of neutrophils [PHRI = 0] with areas under the ROC curve of 0.905, 0.906, and 0.877 for MES, UCEIS, and PICaSSO, respectively. The hazard ratio for disease flare between patients in histological activity/remission was statistically similar [p &gt;0.05] across indexes [2.752, 2.706, and 2.871 for RHI, NHI, and PHRI, respectively].

Conclusion
PHRI correlates with endoscopy and stratifies risk of relapse similarly to RHI and NHI. Neutrophil-only assessment of UC is a simple yet viable alternative to established histological scores.
Clinical Features and Natural History of Paediatric Patients with Ulcerative Proctitis: A Multicentre Study from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN
Authors: Tal Noa , Tzivinikos Christos , Gasparetto Marco , Serban Daniela E , Zifman Eyal , Hojsak Iva , Ledder Oren , Yerushalmy Feler Anat , Rolandsdotter Helena , Aloi Marina , Bramuzzo Matteo , Buderus Stephan , Lionetti Paolo , Norsa Lorenzo , Norden Christoph , Urlep Darja , Romano Claudio , Shaoul Ron , Martinez-Vinson Christine , Karoliny Anna , De Greef Elisabeth , Kang Ben , VIčková Eva , Alvisi Patrizia , Kori Michal , Tavares Marta , Weiss Batia , Hussey Seamus , Qamhawi Maria E , Palomino Pérez Laura M , Henderson Paul , Parmar Raj , Miele Erasmo , Rinawi Firas , Lozano-Ruf Ana , Zamvar Veena , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Shouval Dror S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ulcerative proctitis [UP] is an uncommon presentation in paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. We aimed to characterize the clinical features and natural history of UP in children, and to identify predictors of poor outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective study involving 37 sites affiliated with the IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN. Data were collected from patients aged &lt;18 years diagnosed with UP between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020.

Results
We identified 196 patients with UP (median age at diagnosis 14.6 years [interquartile range, IQR 12.5–16.0]), with a median follow-up of 2.7 years [IQR 1.7–3.8]. The most common presenting symptoms were bloody stools [95%], abdominal pain [61%] and diarrhoea [47%]. At diagnosis, the median paediatric ulcerative colitis activity index [PUCAI] score was 25 [IQR 20–35], but most patients exhibited moderate–severe endoscopic inflammation. By the end of induction, 5-aminosalicylic acid administration orally, topically or both resulted in clinical remission rates of 48%, 48%, and 73%, respectively. The rates of treatment escalation to biologics at 1, 3, and 5 years were 10%, 22%, and 43%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the PUCAI score at diagnosis was significantly associated with initiation of systemic steroids, or biologics, and subsequent acute severe colitis events and inflammatory bowel disease-associated admission, with a score ≥35 providing an increased risk for poor outcomes. By the end of follow-up, 3.1% of patients underwent colectomy. Patients with UP that experienced proximal disease progression during follow-up [48%] had significantly higher rates of a caecal patch at diagnosis and higher PUCAI score by the end of induction, compared to those without progression.

Conclusion
Paediatric patients with UP exhibit high rates of treatment escalation and proximal disease extension.
Parental unemployment and adolescents’ subjective wellbeing—the moderating role of educational policies
Authors: Baranowska-Rataj Anna , Högberg Björn , Bernardi Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Crossover effects of parental unemployment on subjective wellbeing of children attract growing attention in research on social inequalities. Recent economic crises call for identifying policies that mitigate the adverse effects of unemployment. Building on the theoretical insights from Capability Approach, we examine the relationship between parental unemployment and subjective wellbeing of adolescents across countries with different educational policies. We use multilevel modelling and data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We combine microdata on 45,992 adolescents in 32 countries with macro-level indicators of educational policies. We find that parental unemployment is associated with lower subjective wellbeing among adolescents, but the magnitude of this association varies depending on access to financial support for participation in education. Adolescents who receive educational allowances and who live in countries with broader access to such support are less harmed by parental unemployment.
Culprit plaque morphology determines inflammatory risk and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Gerhardt Teresa , Seppelt Claudio , Abdelwahed Youssef S , Meteva Denitsa , Wolfram Christopher , Stapmanns Philip , Erbay Aslihan , Zanders Lukas , Nelles Gregor , Musfeld Johanna , Sieronski Lara , Stähli Barbara E , Montone Rocco A , Vergallo Rocco , Haghikia Arash , Skurk Carsten , Knebel Fabian , Dreger Henryk , Trippel Tobias D , Rai Himanshu , Joner Michael , Klotsche Jens , Libby Peter , Crea Filippo , Kränkel Nicolle , Landmesser Ulf , Leistner David M ,   for the OPTICO-ACS study group
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Rupture of the fibrous cap (RFC) and erosion of an intact fibrous cap (IFC) are the two predominant mechanisms causing acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is uncertain whether clinical outcomes are different following RFC-ACS vs. IFC-ACS and whether this is affected by a specific inflammatory response. The prospective, translational OPTIcal-COherence Tomography in Acute Coronary Syndrome study programme investigates the impact of the culprit lesion phenotype on inflammatory profiles and prognosis in ACS patients.

Methods and results
This analysis included 398 consecutive ACS patients, of which 62% had RFC-ACS and 25% had IFC-ACS. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, recurrent ACS, hospitalization for unstable angina, and target vessel revascularization at 2 years [major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE+)]. Inflammatory profiling was performed at baseline and after 90 days. Patients with IFC-ACS had lower rates of MACE+ than those with RFC-ACS (14.3% vs. 26.7%, P = 0.02). In 368-plex proteomic analyses, patients with IFC-ACS showed lower inflammatory proteome expression compared with those with RFC-ACS, including interleukin-6 and proteins associated with the response to interleukin-1β. Circulating plasma levels of interleukin-1β decreased from baseline to 3 months following IFC-ACS (P &lt; 0.001) but remained stable following RFC-ACS (P = 0.25). Interleukin-6 levels decreased in patients with RFC-ACS free of MACE+ (P = 0.01) but persisted high in those with MACE+.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a distinct inflammatory response and a lower risk of MACE+ following IFC-ACS. These findings advance our understanding of inflammatory cascades associated with different mechanisms of plaque disruption and provide hypothesis generating data for personalized anti-inflammatory therapeutic allocation to ACS patients, a strategy that merits evaluation in future clinical trials.
Simple Ceramics? Design, Decorative Materiality and Anabaptist Pottery in Early Modern Central Europe
Authors: Hill Kat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article traces the manufacture and consumption of faience ceramics made by Hutterite communities in central Europe from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. The production, use and survival of Anabaptist Haban ware offers insights into the nature of Anabaptist material regimes and communities and into overlapping but distinct communities of consumption and collecting. Hutterite craftsmen were instructed to produce objects ‘in the same way as was always done’, with regulations about uncomplicated designs and colours. Yet faience Haban ware was highly sought after, and decorative items were made for powerful patrons from materials drawn from all over Europe. Such objects have now become associated with specific national ‘folk’ cultures. These distinctive remnants of Hutterite communities in Germany and central Europe problematize the material dimensions of survival, conformity and separatism in Anabaptist communities and give access to the complicated affective properties of the white faience ware that Hutterites produced.
Structural and mechanistic studies of the N-glycosylation machinery: from lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis to glycan transfer
Authors: Ramírez Ana S , Locher Kaspar P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification that exists in all domains of life. It involves two consecutive steps: (i) biosynthesis of a lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO), and (ii) glycan transfer from the LLO to asparagine residues in secretory proteins, which is catalyzed by the integral membrane enzyme oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). In the last decade, structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation machinery have increased our mechanistic understanding of the pathway. The structures of bacterial and eukaryotic glycosyltransferases involved in LLO elongation provided an insight into the mechanism of LLO biosynthesis, whereas structures of OST enzymes revealed the molecular basis of sequon recognition and catalysis. In this review, we will discuss approaches used and insight obtained from these studies with a special emphasis on the design and preparation of substrate analogs.
Presidential communication during the pandemic: a longitudinal examination of its relationship with partisan perceptions and behaviors in the United States
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Zheng , Li Qin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPartisanship played a key role in shaping individuals’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The current project applies the extended parallel processing model (EPPM) to examine how the content features of White House press conferences were associated with the partisan gap in perceptions and behavior during the early stage of the pandemic. Using supervised machine learning, Study 1 analyzes the White House press conferences regarding the pandemic during 2020. The results demonstrate that the White House focused on efficacy but included minimal threat information. Study 2 uses the threat and efficacy information in White House press conferences to predict perceived threat and efficacy as well as self-quarantine behavior measured by longitudinal surveys using nationally representative samples of U.S. adults. Time-series analysis shows that an increase of threat information from the White House was associated with a subsequent decrease in the partisan gap between Democrats and Republicans on perceived threat and self-quarantine behavior by increasing perceived threat and self-quarantine behavior among Republicans. This study contributes to presidential communication research by systematically examining specific message features and linking them to public perceptions and behaviors in the context of a public health crisis. The study also extends the EPPM to a dynamic model, estimating the asymmetric effects and self-continuity of positive (i.e., efficacy) and negative (i.e., threat) information on perceptions and behaviors.
Multi-ancestry genome-wide analysis identifies shared genetic effects and common genetic variants for self-reported sleep duration
Authors: Scammell B H , Tchio C , Song Y , Nishiyama T , Louie T L , Dashti H S , Nakatochi M , Zee P C , Daghlas I , Momozawa Y , Cai J , Ollila H M , Redline S , Wakai K , Sofer T , Suzuki S , Lane J M , Saxena R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Both short (≤6 h per night) and long sleep duration (≥9 h per night) are associated with increased risk of chronic diseases. Despite evidence linking habitual sleep duration and risk of disease, the genetic determinants of sleep duration in the general population are poorly understood, especially outside of European (EUR) populations. Here, we report that a polygenic score of 78 European ancestry sleep duration single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is associated with sleep duration in an African (n = 7288; P = 0.003), an East Asian (n = 13 618; P = 6 × 10−4) and a South Asian (n = 7485; P = 0.025) genetic ancestry cohort, but not in a Hispanic/Latino cohort (n = 8726; P = 0.71). Furthermore, in a pan-ancestry (N = 483 235) meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for habitual sleep duration, 73 loci are associated with genome-wide statistical significance. Follow-up of five loci (near HACD2, COG5, PRR12, SH3RF1 and KCNQ5) identified expression-quantitative trait loci for PRR12 and COG5 in brain tissues and pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric traits. Overall, our results suggest that the genetic basis of sleep duration is at least partially shared across diverse ancestry groups.
New Approaches for Studying Conformal Embeddings and Collapsing Levels for W–Algebras
Authors: Adamović Dražen , Frajria Pierluigi Möseneder , Papi Paolo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a general result saying that under certain hypothesis an embedding of an affine vertex algebra into an affine $W$–algebra is conformal if and only if their central charges coincide. This result extends our previous result obtained in the case of minimal affine $W$-algebras [ 3]. We also find a sufficient condition showing that certain conformal levels are collapsing. This new condition enables us to find some levels $k$ where $W_{k}(sl(N), x, f )$ collapses to its affine part when $f$ is of hook or rectangular type. Our methods can be applied to non-admissible levels. In particular, we prove Creutzig’s conjecture [ 18] on the conformal embedding in the hook type $W$-algebra $W_{k}(sl(n+m), x, f_{m,n})$ of its affine vertex subalgebra. Quite surprisingly, the problem of showing that certain conformal levels are not collapsing turns out to be very difficult. In the cases when $k$ is admissible and conformal, we prove that $W_{k}(sl(n+m), x, f_{m,n})$ is not collapsing. Then, by generalizing the results on semi-simplicity of conformal embeddings from [ 2], [ 5], we find many cases in which $W_{k}(sl(n+m), x, f_{m,n})$ is semi-simple as a module for its affine subalgebra at conformal level and we provide explicit decompositions.
Is benefit sharing with research participants lawful in South Africa? An unexplored question in the governance of genomics research
Authors: Thaldar Donrich , Shozi Bonginkosi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite advocacy in favour of benefit sharing with research participants in genomics research that is conducted in South Africa, there has been little critical legal engagement with this concept. That is what this article provides by posing the hitherto unexplored—but foundational—question: Is benefit sharing with research participants lawful in South Africa? The answer is clearly ‘no’. South African law provides that it is unlawful to provide any financial or other reward to research participants for donating biospecimens—except for reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred. Accordingly, benefit sharing would be unlawful. The ramifications of this conclusion are far-reaching. Most pertinently, should any benefit-sharing agreements with research be put into practice, such agreements would be unenforceable and would expose all parties involved—including foreign collaborators—to criminal prosecution. The solution for proponents of benefit sharing in South Africa would be to lobby the South African government to revise the relevant law. However, as long as the law remains as it currently is, institutions and individuals all over the world who are involved in genomics research in South Africa would be well advised to comply with the law by not engaging in benefit sharing with research participants.
Peer pressure and discrimination: evidence from international cricket
Authors: Nilesh Fernando A , Eapen George Siddharth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study how peers affect in-group bias. Exploiting several umpiring reforms in international cricket matches—where two umpires make independent decisions in each other’s presence—we show that home-team umpires are less biased when working with a neutral colleague, that is, one who is neither a national of the home nor the foreign team. This temporary debiasing is driven by the social pressure umpires feel to be impartial in the presence of neutral peers. Performance evaluation by visually non-salient monitors does not reduce bias, suggesting that physical presence is an important component of debiasing and peer influence. (JEL J71, J15, D91)
Obesity and prostate cancer screening, incidence, and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Hurwitz Lauren M , Dogbe Nadine , Barry Kathryn Hughes , Koutros Stella , Berndt Sonja I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Though obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for several cancer sites, there is conflicting evidence on whether obesity increases prostate cancer risk or mortality and, if it does, whether it increases risk directly or indirectly by affecting prostate cancer screening efficacy.

Methods
We examined associations between BMI and prostate cancer screening outcomes, incidence, and mortality in men randomly assigned to the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (n = 36 756) between 1993 and 2001. Participants received annual screening with the prostate-specific antigen test and digital rectal exam. Associations between baseline BMI and screening outcomes were assessed via multinomial logistic regression, and associations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality were assessed via Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Individuals with higher BMI were less likely to screen positive via the prostate-specific antigen test and/or digital rectal exam and more likely to have an inadequate screen (all Ptrend &lt; .01). Higher BMI was inversely associated with prostate cancer incidence (per 5 kg/m2 BMI increase: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 0.97), including incidence of early stage (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.97) and advanced-stage (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.02) disease, but positively associated with prostate cancer mortality (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.37). The association with mortality was not modified by screening outcome (Pinteraction = .13).

Conclusions
Within this screened population, individuals with higher BMI had lower risk of prostate cancer diagnosis but higher risk of prostate cancer mortality. As higher BMI was not positively associated with advanced-stage prostate cancer risk, the increased mortality is unlikely to be due to delayed prostate cancer detection.
‘On the inside I’m grossed out and wanting to puke’: Exploring professional facework and emotional labour as impression management tools in rural emergency medical services
Authors: Biss Danielle C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the foothills of rural Appalachia, situations arise where emergency medical services (EMS) providers—such as paramedics and emergency medical technicians—must reflect professionalism in their ‘face’. However, as EMS providers practice facework in their organizational roles, it is important to consider how they manage professionalism when emotional labour and dirty work are required, such as when supporting patients from underserved rural communities. Guided by 181 hours of participant observation with 23 interviews with EMS providers from two county-wide EMS organizations, this organizational ethnography reveals the value of impression management strategies in the form of emotional labour. Notably, such practices aid in EMS providers’ maintenance of professional face as they encounter face threats on the job. In such moments, EMS providers utilize emotional labour in their corrective and preventive facework. Importantly, this research makes a meaningful theoretical and practical contribution to organizational communication by illustrating the value of impression management, emotional labour, and facework that aid in the management of professionalism.
Implications of ‘net-zero emissions by 2050’ for the hydrocarbon industry: a case study of hydrogen in mature petroleum jurisdictions
Authors: Soliman Hunter Tina , Pettit Jordie , Taylor Madeline 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Climate change, and the need to wean the world off hydrocarbon sources of energy, will have a significant impact on the hydrocarbon industry, an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars annually, and which has been in existence for over a century. Even though the phasing out of hydrocarbons as an energy source is inevitable, the demise of the hydrocarbon industry is not. This study, demonstrates that the hydrocarbon industry can make a significant contribution as the world transitions to low carbon energy. in this paper, we discuss the role of the hydrocarbon industry in developing a new hydrogen industry, demonstrating how the industry’s know how will be vital in the development, construction, and delivery of both blue and green hydrogen to an energy hungry world.
Introduction
Authors: Rauch Sheila A.M. , Rothbaum Barbara Olasov 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With over 50 years combined of clinical care working with those impacted by stress and trauma, we, Drs. Rauch and Rothbaum, wrote Making Meaning of Difficult Experiences as a self-help tool to help process difficult experiences. In this introduction, we present an overall framework for why this self-help tool is needed and how this tool focused on approaching difficult experiences was developed. With our increasingly stressful lives, tools that you can access at your convenience in your everyday life without the need to see a professional can help you get help when you need it. Difficult experiences and trauma have always been a part of life. Most people will experience at least one if not multiple traumatic events in their lives. This self-guided program provides a map to help move through difficult and potentially traumatic experiences for people who wish to work through them independently (outside of a formal therapeutic setting) and emerge on the other side. As the post pandemic world emerges and we prepare for getting back out and into our lives again, Making Meaning has resources for all of us.