bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do hip resurfacing and short hip stem arthroplasties differ from conventional hip stem replacement regarding impingement‐free range of motion?
Authors: Kebbach Maeruan , Schulze Christian , Meyenburg Christian , Kluess Daniel , Sungu Mevluet , Hartmann Albrecht , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Bader Rainer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTotal hip joint replacement (THR) is clinically well‐established. In this context, the resulting range of motion (ROM) is crucial for patient satisfaction when performing joint movements. However, the ROM for THR with different bone preserving strategies (short hip stem and hip resurfacing) raises the question of whether the ROM is comparable with conventional hip stems. Therefore, this computer‐based study aimed to investigate the ROM and type of impingement for different implant systems. An established framework with computer‐aided design 3D models based on magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 patients with hip osteoarthritis was used to analyse the ROM for three different implant systems (conventional hip stem vs. short hip stem vs. hip resurfacing) during typical joint movements. Our results revealed that all three designs led to mean maximum flexion higher than 110°. However, hip resurfacing showed less ROM (−5% against conventional and −6% against short hip stem). No significant differences were observed between the conventional and short hip stem during maximum flexion and internal rotation. Contrarily, a significant difference was detected between the conventional hip stem and hip resurfacing during internal rotation (p = 0.003). The ROM of the hip resurfacing was lower than the conventional and short hip stem during all three movements. Furthermore, hip resurfacing shifted the impingement type to implant‐to‐bone impingement compared with the other implant designs. The calculated ROMs of the implant systems achieved physiological levels during maximum flexion and internal rotation. However, bone impingement was more likely during internal rotation with increasing bone preservation. Despite the larger head diameter of hip resurfacing, the ROM examined was substantially lower than that of conventional and short hip stem.
Investigating the temporal roles of decorin and biglycan in tendon healing
Authors: Leahy Thomas P. , Fung Ashley K. , Weiss Stephanie N. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe small leucine‐rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, are minor components of the tendon extracellular matrix that regulate fibrillogenesis and matrix assembly. Our study objective was to define the temporal roles of decorin and biglycan during tendon healing using inducible knockout mice to include genetic knockdown at specific phases of healing: time of injury, the proliferative phase, and the remodeling phase. We hypothesized that knockdown of decorin or biglycan would adversely affect tendon healing, and that by prescribing the timing of knockdown, we could elucidate the temporal roles of these proteins during healing. Contrary to our hypothesis, decorin knockdown did not affect tendon healing. However, when biglycan was knocked down, either alone or coupled with decorin, tendon modulus was increased relative to wild‐type mice, and this finding was consistent among all induction timepoints. At 6 weeks postinjury, we observed increased expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix and growth factor signaling in the biglycan knockdown and compound decorin–biglycan knockdown tendons. Interestingly, these groups demonstrated opposing trends in gene expression as a function of knockdown‐induction timepoint, highlighting distinct temporal roles for decorin and biglycan. In summary, this study finds that biglycan plays multiple functions throughout tendon healing, with the most impactful, detrimental role likely occurring during late‐stage healing. Statement of clinical importance: This study helps to define the molecular factors that regulate tendon healing, which may aid in the development of new clinical therapies.
Germline Genetic Testing in Unselected Squamous and Non‐Squamous Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Brake Daniela A. , Idler Beau M. , Kunze Katie L. , Golafshar Michael A. , Heald Brandie , Young Sarah , Klint Margaret , Barrus Kathleen , Esplin Edward D. , Nussbaum Robert L. , Samadder N. Jewel , Hinni Michael L. , Chang Brent A. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis study describes the prevalence of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in head and neck cancer patients, the incremental yield compared to a guideline‐based approach to genetic evaluation, and the uptake of family variant testing.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThree tertiary academic medical centers.MethodsGermline sequencing using an 84‐gene screening platform among unselected head and neck cancer patients who received care at Mayo Clinic Cancer Centers between April 2018 and March 2020.ResultsAmongst 200 patients, the median age was 62.0 years (Q1, Q3: 55, 71), 23.0% were female, 89.0% white/non‐Hispanic, 5.0% Hispanic/Latinx, 6% of another race, and 42.0% had prognostic stage IV disease. The most common subsites were the oropharyngeal (45.0%) and salivary glands (12.0%). The most common histology was squamous cell carcinoma (74.5%). Twenty‐one patients (10.5%) had a total of 22 PGVs; 20 of the 21 patients (95.2%) did not meet criteria for testing by current guidelines. Regarding penetrance of the 22 PGVs, 11 were high or moderate (most commonPMS2orHOXB13), and 11 were low or recessive (most commonMUTYH,WNR, orRECQL4). One patient had a change in care based on an identified PGV. Family variant testing was completed at a rate of 4.8%.ConclusionsUniversal gene panel testing identified a PGV in 10.5% of head and neck cancer patients; almost all would have been missed by current guideline‐based testing. One of 21 patients had a treatment change due to their PGV, indicating that head and neck cancer treatment decisions are not yet widely informed by germline alterations.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 133:3378–3388, 2023
Prognostic values of systemic inflammation and nutrition‐based prognostic indices in oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Oka Tsunehiro , Sato Fumihiko , Ono Takeharu , Kawaguchi Toshihiko , Murotani Kenta , Sueyoshi Shintaro , Kuroiwa Taikai , Kurita Takashi , Fukahori Mioko , Mitsuhashi Toshiyuki , Sato Kiminobu , Chitose Shun‐Ichi , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePretreatment systemic inflammation and nutrition‐based prognostic indices (SINBPI) have demonstrated significance. This study investigated the prognostic value of pretreatment SINBPI for patients with oropharyngeal cancer and identified unfavorable prognostic markers.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 124 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who received definitive treatment between January 2010 and December 2018. The prognostic utility of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), prognostic nutritional index, and high‐sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (HS‐mGPS) was assessed for disease‐free survival (DFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that human papillomavirus (HPV) status and HS‐mGPS were significantly associated with DFS, DSS, and OS. Patients with a HS‐mGPS of 2 had a significantly higher rate of treatment‐related deaths than those with a HS‐mGPS of 0 or 1. The combination of the HS‐mGPS and PLR had more accurate predictive ability in DFS and OS compared with the HS‐mGPS alone, and the combination of the HS‐mGPS and LMR had more accurate predictive ability in DSS and OS.ConclusionOur results indicated that the HS‐mGPS was a useful prognostic marker for patients with OPSCC, and combined markers consisting of the HS‐mGPS and PLR or LMR may provide more accurate prognostic predictions.Level of Evidence: 3.
CDK4/6 and autophagy inhibitors synergize to suppress the growth of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Duah Ernest , Seligson Nathan D. , Persaud Avinash K. , Dam Quynh , Pabla Navjot , Rocco James W. , Li Junan , Poi Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for over 10,000 deaths in the United States annually. Approximately 80% of HNSCC are human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative which have an overall poorer prognosis compared to the HPV‐positive disease. Treatment options are mainly nontargeted chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. The cyclin‐d‐CDK4/6‐RB pathway, which regulates cell cycle progression, is often deregulated in HNSCC, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors in preclinical models of HNSCCs. Our results show that the specific CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines. We also demonstrated that both the pro‐survival autophagy pathway and the ERK pathway in HNSCC cells were activated with abemaciclib treatment through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Coinhibition of CDK4/6 and autophagy synergistically decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical HNSCC models. These results reveal a potential therapeutic strategy that supports the rationale for further clinical development of a combination of CDK4/6 and autophagy inhibitors in HNSCC.
Whole‐body tumor segmentation from PET/CT images using a two‐stage cascaded neural network with camouflaged object detection mechanisms
Authors: He Jiangping , Zhang Yangjie , Chung Maggie , Wang Michael , Wang Kun , Ma Yan , Ding Xiaoyang , Li Qiang , Pu Yonglin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhole‐body Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTVwb) is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in lung cancer patients. Automatic segmentation methods have been proposed for MTV calculation. Nevertheless, most of existing methods for patients with lung cancer only segment tumors in the thoracic region.PurposeIn this paper, we present a Two‐Stage cascaded neural network integrated with Camouflaged Object Detection mEchanisms (TS‐Code‐Net) for automatic segmenting tumors from whole‐body PET/CT images.MethodsFirstly, tumors are detected from the Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) images of PET/CT scans, and tumors' approximate localizations along z‐axis are identified. Secondly, the segmentations are performed on PET/CT slices that contain tumors identified by the first step. Camouflaged object detection mechanisms are utilized to distinguish the tumors from their surrounding regions that have similar Standard Uptake Values (SUV) and texture appearance. Finally, the TS‐Code‐Net is trained by minimizing the total loss that incorporates the segmentation accuracy loss and the class imbalance loss.ResultsThe performance of the TS‐Code‐Net is tested on a whole‐body PET/CT image data‐set including 480 Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with five‐fold cross‐validation using image segmentation metrics. Our method achieves 0.70, 0.76, and 0.70, for Dice, Sensitivity and Precision, respectively, which demonstrates the superiority of the TS‐Code‐Net over several existing methods related to metastatic lung cancer segmentation from whole‐body PET/CT images.ConclusionsThe proposed TS‐Code‐Net is effective for whole‐body tumor segmentation of PET/CT images. Codes for TS‐Code‐Net are available at: https://github.com/zyj19/TS‐Code‐Net.
Remote nutrition care during the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic: Did it impact nutrition therapy goals?
Authors: Lima Júlia , Bernardes Simone , Stello Bruna Barbosa , Richrot Thamy Schossler , Milanez Danielle Silla Jobim , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsNutrition societies recommended remote hospital nutrition care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. However, the pandemic's impact on nutrition care quality is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between remote nutrition care during the first COVID‐19 wave and the time to start and achieve the nutrition therapy (NT) goals of critically ill patients.MethodsA cohort study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU) that assisted patients with COVID‐19 between May 2020 and April 2021. The remote nutrition care lasted approximately 6 months, and dietitians prescribed the nutrition care based on medical records and daily telephone contact with nurses who were in direct contact with patients. Data were retrospectively collected, patients were grouped according to the nutrition care delivered (remote or in person), and we compared the time to start NT and achieve the nutrition goals.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐eight patients (61.5 ± 14.8 years, 57% male) were evaluated, and 54.4% received remote nutrition care. The median time to start NT was 1 (1–3) day and to achieve the nutrition goals was 4 (3–6) days for both groups. The percentage of energy and protein prescribed on day 7 of the ICU stay concerning the requirements did not differ between patients with remote and patients with in‐person nutrition care [95.5% ± 20.4% × 92.1% ± 26.4% (energy) and 92.9% ± 21.9% × 86.9% ± 29.2% (protein); P > 0.05 for both analyses].ConclusionRemote nutrition care in patients critically ill with COVID‐19 did not impact the time to start and achieve the NT goals.
Investigation of tensile and flexural properties of habesha moringa‐bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Yassin Mohamed , Shahapurkar Kiran , Chenrayan Venkatesh , Alarifi Ibrahim M. , Alamir Mohammed A. , El‐Bagory Tarek M. A. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation, moringa oleifera and bamboo fibers extracted from Ethiopia are studied to understand their mechanical properties. Three types of woven composites namely moringa/epoxy, bamboo/epoxy and moringa/bamboo/epoxy (hybrid) are fabricated by maintaining 60 vol% fiber content. Additionally, neat epoxy samples are prepared for comparison. Tensile and flexural properties are investigated in terms of strength and modulus. Tensile test results depict brittle failure for all composites and infer increase in fracture strain of woven composites as compared with neat epoxy. Tensile modulus and strength of woven composites increase in the range of 19%–39% and 18%–281%, respectively as compared with neat ones. Flexural stress–strain profiles of neat epoxy, moringa/epoxy and moringa/bamboo/epoxy composites linear curves until failure indicating brittle mode while bamboo/epoxy composites shows non‐linear stress–strain profiles revealing non‐brittle mode of failure. Flexural properties exhibited by bamboo/epoxy and moringa/bamboo/epoxy reveal comparable properties to each other yet superior than moringa/epoxy and neat epoxy composites mainly attributed to the good bonding of constituents and compatibility. All the woven composites reveal an increase in flexural modulus and strength and are in the range of 31%–96% and 5.79%–51.12%, higher than the neat epoxy. Finally, fractured surfaces of specimens are analyzed using scanning electron microscope to understand the structure property correlations.
Chemical fingerprint analysis and quality assessment of Tibetan medicine Triphala from different origins by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Long Xiao‐mei , Li Rong , Liu Hai‐peng , Xia Zong‐xiao , Guo Shuang , Gu Jian‐xing , Zhang Li‐jun , Fan Yuan , Chen Zu‐kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the Tibetan medicine Triphala (THL) is widely used in many countries, insufficient progress has been made in quality control.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to propose a methodology for quality control of THL based on HPLC fingerprinting combined with an orthogonal array design.MethodsSeven identified peaks were used as indicators to examine the effects of temperature, extraction time, and solid–liquid ratio on the dissolution of active ingredients in THL. Fingerprint analysis was performed on 20 batches of THL from four geographical areas (China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam). For further chemometric assessment, analysis techniques including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to classify the 20 batches of samples.ResultsFingerprints were established and 19 common peaks were identified. The similarity of 20 batches of THL was more than 0.9 and the batches were divided into two clusters. Four differential components of THL were identified based on OPLS‐DA, including chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, and corilagin. The optimal extraction conditions were an extraction time of 30 min, a temperature of 90°C, and a solid–liquid ratio of 30 mL/g.ConclusionHPLC fingerprinting combined with an orthogonal array design could be used for comprehensive evaluation and quality assessment of THL, providing a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of THL.
High aspect ratio triangular front contacts for solar cells fabricated by string‐printing
Authors: Van de Voorde Mathis , Andersons Janis , Saive Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe are presenting a novel method to fabricate high aspect ratio, triangular cross‐section solar cell front contacts, henceforth referred to as string‐printing. We optimized string‐printing to yield contacts with an aspect ratio larger than 1 and a light redirection efficiency or effective transparency of 67%, thereby mitigating most of the optical losses inherent to flat metallic front grids. In string‐printing, a string coated with silver paste approaches a substrate until contact is made. Withdrawing the string then leaves behind silver paste on the substrate. Here, we describe the fabrication method and show initial results including current density‐voltage curves of string‐printed silicon heterojunction solar cells, as well as the effective transparencies of the contacts. String‐printing is a scalable, low‐temperature process with high potential to boost commercial solar cell efficiency and lower the module price per Watt.
Lung clearance index in children with cystic fibrosis previously diagnosed with CRMS/CFSPID: A monocentric prospective experience
Authors: Terlizzi Vito , Fevola Cristina , Ferrari Beatrice , Castellani Chiara , Santini Giulia , Innocenti Diletta , Masi Eleonora , Bonomi Paolo , Lombardi Enrico , Taccetti Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionNo data are available on the values and role of lung clearance index (LCI) in cystic fibrosis (CF) Screen Positive Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID) progressed to CF diagnosis (CFSPID > CF). This study aimed to assess the value of the LCI in correctly predicting the progression of CFSPID to CF.MethodsThis is a prospective study carried out at the CF Regional Center of Florence, Italy from September 1, 2019. We compared LCI values in children with CF diagnosed for positive newborn screening (NBS), CFSPID or CFSPID > CF for pathological sweat chloride (SC). The Exhalyzer‐D (EcoMedics AG, Duernten, Switzerland, software version 3.3.1) was used to conduct the LCI tests, every 6 months on stable children.ResultsForty‐two cooperating children were enrolled (mean age at LCI tests: 5.4 years, range: 2.7−8.7): 26 (62%) had CF, 8 (19%) were CFSPID > CF for positive SC, while 8 (19%) kept the CFSPID label at last LCI test. The mean LCI value for patients with CF (7.39; 5.98−10.24) was statistically higher compared to both the mean LCI in the CFSPID > CF (6.62; 5.69−7.58) and in CFSPID (6.56; 5.64−7.21).ConclusionsMost of asymptomatic CFSPID or progressed to CF have normal LCI. Further data on the longitudinal course of LCI during follow up of CFSPID and on larger cohorts is needed.
Is it time to end race and ethnicity adjustment for pediatric pulmonary function tests?
Authors: Non Amy L. , Akong Kathryn , Conrad Douglas J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe continued inclusion of race in spirometry reference equations is a topic of intense debate for adult lung function, but less discussion has focused on implications for children. Obtaining accurate estimates of children's lung function is an important component of the diagnosis of childhood respiratory illnesses, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and interstitial lung disease. Given the higher burden among racial/ethnic minorities for many respiratory illnesses, it is critical to avoid racial bias in interpreting lung function. We recommend against the continued use of race‐specific reference equations for a number of reasons. The original reference populations used to develop the equations were comprised of children with restricted racial diversity, relatively small sample sizes, and likely included some unhealthy children. Moreover, there is no scientific justification for innate racial differences in lung function, as there is no clear physiological or genetic explanation for the disparities. Alternatively, many environmental factors harm lung development, including allergens from pests, asbestos, lead, prenatal smoking, and air pollution, as well as preterm birth and childhood respiratory illnesses, which are all more common among minority racial groups. Race‐neutral equations may provide a temporary solution, but still rely on the racial diversity of the reference populations used to build them. Ultimately researchers must uncover the underlying factors truly driving racial differences in lung function.
Distributed computation of the critical path from execution traces
Authors: Denys Pierre‐Frédérick , Fournier Quentin , Dagenais Michel R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the ever‐increasing number of computer nodes in distributed systems, efficient and effective tools have become crucial for their analysis. Although several efficient methods have been proposed to monitor and profile distributed systems, tracing remains the most effective solution for in‐depth system analysis. Tracing is the act of collecting a trace, which is a sequence of low‐level events generated by the kernel or the userspace. After data collection, the most important part is the event analysis. The paradigm and choice of graphs determine the ability of the user to detect abnormal behaviors and identify their root cause. Although tracing is a highly effective approach to analyzing complex systems, the scalability of the current analysis tools is limited. As a consequence, tracing is often impractical for large distributed systems. This paper identifies the shortcomings of the current approaches, most notably the critical path computation and the trace file transfer between nodes. Then, this paper proposes new solutions to these drawbacks, most notably a distributed algorithm to compute the critical path, that does not aggregate all traces in a single node, and an efficient architecture to perform tracing on distributed systems. These new solutions are made publically available.