bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Phase II Cabazitaxel Dose Individualization and Neutropenia Prevention Trial in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Omlin Aurelius , Cathomas Richard , von Amsberg Gunhild , Reuter Christoph , Feyerabend Susan , Loidl Wolfgang , Boegemann Martin , Lorch Anja , Heidenreich Axel , Tsaur Igor , Larcher-Senn Julian , Buck Stefan A.J. , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Jaehde Ulrich , Gillessen Silke , Joerger Markus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
There is ongoing controversy about the recommended dose of cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Patients and Methods:
This multicenter phase II open-label, randomized, parallel-group study compared 3-weekly cabazitaxel at 25 mg/m2 (conventional arm A) with cabazitaxel therapeutic drug monitoring (experimental arm B) in mCRPC. The primary objective was to improve the clinical feasibility rate (CFR), defined as the absence of grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, any thrombocytopenia with bleeding, febrile neutropenia, severe nonhematologic toxicity, withdrawal for cabazitaxel-related toxicity, or death. A total of 60 patients had to be randomized to detect a difference in CFR of 35% (power 80%, two-sided alpha 10%).

Results:
A total of 40 patients were randomized to arm A and 33 patients to arm B. CFR was 69.4% in arm A and 64.3% in arm B (P = 0.79). Week-12 PSA response was 38.5% in both arms. A radiological response by RECIST v.1.1 was seen in 3 (9.7%) patients in arm A versus 6 (23.1%) patients in arm B (P = 0.28), disease progression was higher in arm A compared with arm B (61.3% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.05). Median progression-free survival was longer in arm B compared with arm A (9.5 vs. 4.4 months; HR = 0.46; P = 0.005). Median overall survival was higher in arm B compared with arm A (16.2 vs. 7.3 months; HR = 0.33; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Pharmacokinetic-guided dosing of cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC is feasible and improves clinical outcome due to individual dose escalations in 55% of patients.
Al-ʿūd, pípá, Lute: An Ancient Greek Perspective on Their Prehistory
Authors: Hagel Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Starting from early Arabic sources, the absolute pitch of the Early Abbasid ʿūd is considered and related to evidence on pitch usage in Roman-period sources. Similar instruments, it is argued, must have existed already in late antiquity. Iconographic evidence takes us back to late Classical Greece, whose music would have provided especially fertile ground for designing such a lute. In contrast to the traditional tuning in fifths and fourths throughout, lutes with equidistant design had also existed for a long time, likely also on precursors of the ʿūd. The association of this style with the name of Manṣūr Zalzal must therefore be reassessed.
Trends in Adolescent Firearm-Related Injury: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Meyer Courtney H. , Noorbakhsh Soroosh , Jackson Katie , Holstein Rachel , Sola Richard , Koganti Deepika , Bliton John , Smith Alexis , Fraser Doh Kiesha , Chaudhary Sofia , Sciarretta Jason D. , Smith Randi N. 
Published: March 2023

Background Firearm-related injury (FRI) became the leading cause of death among children/adolescents in 2019. Purpose This study sought to determine changes over time in the population of adolescents affected by FRI in Atlanta, Georgia, such that high risk cohorts could be identified. Research Design City-wide retrospective cohort review. Study Sample Adolescent victims (age 11-21 years of age) of FRI, defined by ICD9/10 codes, in Atlanta, Georgia. Data Analysis Descriptive, multivariate and time series analysis. Results There were 1,453 adolescent FRI victims in this time period, predominantly Black (86%) and male (86.6%). Unintentional injury was higher among ages 11-14 years (43.1%) compared to 15-17 years (10.2%) and 18-21 years (9.3%) (P < .01). FRI affecting females increased at a rate of 8.1 injuries/year (P < .01), and unintentional injuries increased at by 7.6/year (P < .01). Mortality declined from 16% in 2016 to 7.7% in 2021. Conclusion Our data provides evidence for firearm policy reform. Interventions should target prevention of intentional injury among AQ4 females and seek to reverse the trend in unintentional injuries.
Advance Care Planning With Black Women with Breast Cancer: A Community Health Worker Model
Authors: Tan Marcia M. , Villamar Dario M. , Huard Clarissa , Nicholson Lian , Medina Heidy N. , Moreno Patricia I. 
Published: March 2023

Background Despite the importance of advance care planning (ACP), a process that optimizes future medical treatment and end-of-life care, for at-risk populations, rates of patient-provider ACP conversations are extremely low among Black women with breast cancer. Community health workers (CHWs) are well-positioned to support patients in engaging in ACP conversations with their providers; yet research on integrating CHWs to promote ACP is scant. The current study examined multilevel facilitators and barriers to successful ACP conversations among Black women from the perspective of providers and CHWs who serve this community. Methods Providers and CHWs were recruited from an academic medical center in a large urban city. Retrospective qualitative data on barriers and facilitators to ACP conversations, as well as CHWs' training needs, were collected from two focus groups (N = 5 providers, N = 5 CHWs) and one individual interview (N = 1 provider), and transcribed and coded for themes. Results All providers reported working primarily with Black patients, and identified stigma and time constraints as major barriers to ACP discussions; they also identified the structural barriers and injustices that their patients face during medical care. CHWs reported having a trusted relationship with their patients and flexibility in their care that would allow for ongoing ACP conversations, discussing their ability to serve as a bridge between the patient and provider. However, CHWs discussed that they lacked the tools and skills to have ACP conversations, largely because existing formal trainings in ACP are cost prohibitive. Discussion Competing priorities of the provider to discuss/treat the patient’s disease and medical mistrust were major barriers to successful ACP conversations among Black women with breast cancer, leading to ACP completion occurring late in treatment. CHWs are uniquely qualified to overcome multilevel barriers to ACP and establish trusting relationships with patients in order to facilitate earlier and ongoing communication between patients and providers.
Experimental and numerical study on residual stress distributions in welded H-sections of High-strength steel
Authors: Tong Lewei , Wang Jie , Xu Guowen , Niu Lichao , Yan Yang , Zhao Xiao-Ling 
Published: March 2023

High-strength steel (HSS) has been increasingly applied in structural engineering, while the work on residual stress of HSS sections is still insufficient. Limited research is available for welded H-sections above 690 MPa while with a plate thickness of more than 10 mm. This paper deals with the residual stress distributions of welded H-sections with flame-cut edges, which are fabricated from HSS plates with yield strength of 690 MPa and 960 MPa and thickness of 10 mm–20 mm, using both experimental and numerical method. The experiments showed that the welded tensile residual stresses in the weld region are not significantly affected by sectional dimensions and steel grade. Verified by comparing with the experimental results, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models using sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis was adopted for parametric study of compressive residual stress of welded H-sections made of 690 MPa HSS. The results showed that the compressive tensile stress is negatively correlated with plate thickness as well as width-thickness ratio. Through regression analysis, formulae were proposed for estimation of compressive residual stress in the flange and web, respectively. Finally, residual stress distribution model was developed, which was proved effective by comparing with the experimental and FE results.
CMS-NET: deep learning algorithm to segment and quantify the ciliary muscle in swept-source optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Chen Wen , Yu Xiangle , Ye Yiru , Gao Hebei , Cao Xinyuan , Lin Guangqing , Zhang Riyan , Li Zixuan , Wang Xinmin , Zhou Yuheng , Shen Meixiao , Shao Yilei 
Published: March 2023

Background: The ciliary muscle plays a role in changing the shape of the crystalline lens to maintain the clear retinal image during near work. Studying the dynamic changes of the ciliary muscle during accommodation is necessary for understanding the mechanism of presbyopia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been frequently used to image the ciliary muscle and its changes during accommodation in vivo. However, the segmentation process is cumbersome and time-consuming due to the large image data sets and the impact of low imaging quality. Objectives: This study aimed to establish a fully automatic method for segmenting and quantifying the ciliary muscle on the basis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Design: A perspective cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, 3500 signed images were used to develop a deep learning system. A novel deep learning algorithm was created from the widely used U-net and a full-resolution residual network to realize automatic segmentation and quantification of the ciliary muscle. Finally, the algorithm-predicted results and manual annotation were compared. Results: For segmentation performed by the system, the total mean pixel value difference (PVD) was 1.12, and the Dice coefficient, intersection over union (IoU), and sensitivity values were 93.8%, 88.7%, and 93.9%, respectively. The performance of the system was comparable with that of experienced specialists. The system could also successfully segment ciliary muscle images and quantify ciliary muscle thickness changes during accommodation. Conclusion: We developed an automatic segmentation framework for the ciliary muscle that can be used to analyze the morphological parameters of the ciliary muscle and its dynamic changes during accommodation.
Doctors’ Drugs and the Dangers of Dental Decay
Authors: Kelleher Martin G. , Ruparelia Roshni , Blum Igor R. 
Published: March 2023

Many “anti-something” medications, which are prescribed by medical doctors for older patients, often for dubious reasons, result in a serious reduction in the quantity and quality of saliva. That drug-induced xerostomia can produce dangerous dental decay, particularly in already compromised dentitions. This article suggests that doctors should undertake a personalised “benefits, risks, alternatives, nothing” (BRAN) analysis including an assessment of the possible dental decay risks, especially before prescribing combinations of “anti-” drugs for marginal conditions. Doctors should consider carefully if alternative approaches are feasible which could produce acceptable outcomes without incurring those serious dental decay risks. Alternative approaches may include patients altering their diet and lifestyle to include more physical exercise for controlling conditions such as marginal hypertension, for example, or perhaps prescribing counselling/talking therapies for depression or anxiety. If various “anti-” drugs really do have to be prescribed, this article describes cheap, pragmatic, and effective ways of mitigating the risks of already compromised dentitions developing new decay.
Management of difficult-to-treat asthma in adolescence and young adults
Authors: Mansur Adel H. , Prasad Nagakumar 
Published: March 2023

The period of adolescence and young adulthood (AYA) has been proposed to extend from 11 to 25 years of age as patients in this age group face similar challenges. AYA is a time of fast and great physiological and psychological growth, in which an individual transitions from a young dependent child to a mature independent adult. Behaviour patterns during adolescence, such as risk taking and desire for privacy, can challenge parents or healthcare professionals' (HCPs') ability to help adolescents to manage their asthma.Asthma itself tends to remit, become milder or worsen into a severe variant during adolescence. The pre-pubertal male predominance of asthma switches to a female predominance in late teen years. ∼10% of AYA with asthma have “difficult-to-treat asthma (DTA)”, characterised by poor asthma control despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and other controller medications. DTA management in AYA requires a multidisciplinary team approach and systematic assessment that can address the key questions of objective confirmation of diagnosis, severity assessment, phenotyping, comorbidities, asthma mimickers or other drivers of poor control such as non-adherence to treatment.A key task for HCPs is to establish the magnitude of the severe asthma componentversusother non-asthma drivers of symptoms (e.g.inducible laryngeal obstruction or breathing pattern disorder). Severe asthma is a subset of DTA and is determined once asthma diagnosis and its severity have been confirmed and adherence to controller (ICS) treatment has been assured. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease and appropriate phenotyping is necessary for the management of treatable traits and consideration for biologic therapies.Finally, an important part of successful management of DTA in the AYA group is the provision of an effective transition of asthma care from paediatric to adult asthma services through setting up a well-designed asthma transition pathway tailored to the individual patient needs.
Progressive search in tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Joh Yoonsung , Lee Kangbae , Kim Hyunwoo , Park Heejin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
High-throughput Proteomics has been accelerated by (tandem) mass spectrometry. However, the slow speed of mass spectra analysis prevents the analysis results from being up-to-date. Tandem mass spectrometry database search requires O(|S||D|) time where S is the set of spectra and D is the set of peptides in a database. With usual values of |S| and |D|, database search is quite time consuming. Meanwhile, the database for search is usually updated every month, with 0.5–2% changes. Although the change in the database is usually very small, it may cause extensive changes in the overall analysis results because individual PSM scores such as deltaCn and E-value depend on the entire search results. Therefore, to keep the search results up-to-date, one needs to perform database search from scratch every time the database is updated, which is very inefficient.

Results
Thus, we present a very efficient method to keep the search results up-to-date where the results are the same as those achieved by the normal search from scratch. This method, called progressive search, runs in O(|S||ΔD|) time on average where ΔD is the difference between the old and the new databases. The experimental results show that the progressive search is up to 53.9 times faster for PSM update only and up to 16.5 times faster for both PSM and E-value update.

Conclusions
Progressive search is a novel approach to efficiently obtain analysis results for updated database in tandem mass spectrometry. Compared to performing a normal search from scratch, progressive search achieves the same results much faster. Progressive search is freely available at: https://isa.hanyang.ac.kr/ProgSearch.html.
Implementation of evidence-based multiple focus integrated intensified TB screening to end TB (EXIT-TB) package in East Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Isangula Kahabi , Philbert Doreen , Ngari Florence , Ajeme Tigest , Kimaro Godfather , Yimer Getnet , Mnyambwa Nicholaus P. , Muttamba Winters , Najjingo Irene , Wilfred Aman , Mshiu Johnson , Kirenga Bruce , Wandiga Steve , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Donard Francis , Okelloh Douglas , Mtesha Benson , Mohammed Hussen , Semvua Hadija , Ngocho James , Mfinanga Sayoki , Ngadaya Esther 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We qualitatively evaluated the implementation of an Evidence-Based Multiple Focus Integrated Intensified TB Screening package (EXIT-TB) in the East African region, aimed at increasing TB case detection and number of patients receiving care.

Objective
We present the accounts of participants from Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia regarding the implementation of EXIT-TB, and suggestions for scaling up.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design was used to gather insights from purposefully selected healthcare workers, community health workers, and other stakeholders. A total of 27, 13, 14, and 19 in-depth interviews were conducted in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia respectively. Data were transcribed and translated simultaneously and then thematically analysed.

Results
The EXIT-TB project was described to contribute to increased TB case detection, improved detection of Multidrug-resistant TB patients, reduced delays and waiting time for diagnosis, raised the index of TB suspicion, and improved decision-making among HCWs. The attributes of TB case detection were: (i) free X-ray screening services; (ii) integrating TB case-finding activities in other clinics such as Reproductive and Child Health clinics (RCH), and diabetic clinics; (iii), engagement of CHWs, policymakers, and ministry level program managers; (iv) enhanced community awareness and linkage of clients; (v) cooperation between HCWs and CHWs, (vi) improved screening infrastructure, (vii) the adoption of the new simplified screening criteria and (viii) training of implementers. The supply-side challenges encountered ranged from disorganized care, limited space, the COVID-19 pandemic, inadequate human resources, inadequate knowledge and expertise, stock out of supplies, delayed maintenance of equipment, to absence of X-ray and GeneXpert machines in some facilities. The demand side challenges ranged from delayed care seeking, inadequate awareness, negative beliefs, fears towards screening, to financial challenges. Suggestions for scaling up ranged from improving service delivery, access to diagnostic equipment and supplies, and infrastructure, to addressing client fears and stigma.

Conclusion
The EXIT-TB package appears to have contributed towards increasing TB case detection and reducing delays in TB treatment in the study settings. Addressing the challenges identified is needed to maximize the impact of the EXIT-TB intervention.
Testing effects of partner support and use of oral contraception during relationship formation on severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
Authors: Roberts Kateřina , Havlíček Jan , Kaňková Šárka , Klapilová Kateřina , Roberts S. Craig 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA recent study focusing on dietary predictors of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) found that women with higher levels of partner support, and those who had used oral contraception (OC) when they met the father, both tended to report less severe NVP compared with previous non-users or those with less supportive partners. We provide a further test of these factors, using a large sample of women from four countries who retrospectively scored their NVP experience during their first pregnancy.MethodsWe recruited women who had at least one child to participate in a retrospective online survey. In total 2321 women completed our questionnaire including items on demographics, hormonal contraception, NVP, and partner support. We used general linear models and path analysis to analyse our data.ResultsWomen who had used OC when they met the father of their first child tended to report lower levels of NVP, but the effect size was small and did not survive adding the participant’s country to the model. There was no relationship between NVP and partner support in couples who were still together, but there was a significant effect among those couples that had since separated: women whose ex-partner had been relatively supportive reported less severe NVP. Additional analyses showed that women who were older during their first pregnancy reported less severe NVP, and there were also robust differences between countries.ConclusionsThese results provide further evidence for multiple influences on women’s experience of NVP symptoms, including levels of perceived partner support.
Plasma exosome-derived connexin43 as a promising biomarker for melanoma patients
Authors: Shen Yue , Li Ming , Liao Li , Gao Suyue , Wang Yongzhen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
To examine the levels of exosome-derived connexin 43 (Cx43) in plasma and estimate its forecast value in patients with melanoma.

Methods
We measured the plasma exosome-derived Cx43 levels in the plasma of 112 melanoma patients and 50 healthy controls.

Results
The plasma exosome-derived Cx43 levels in patients with melanoma were substantially downregulated as opposed to the levels in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were poorer in patients with melanoma who exhibited lower levels of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 (both P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 were considerably elevated in patients with melanoma whose tumor was situated in the skin, tumor size < 10 cm, with Clark level I–III, TNM stages IIb–IV, and had no lymph node metastasis as opposed to patients whose tumor was situated in the viscera or mucosa, tumor size ≥ 10 cm, Clark level IV–V, TNM stages IIb–IV and had lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 for forecasting 5-year DFS in patients with melanoma was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.86), with a specificity of 77.78% and a sensitivity of 81.55%. The ROC of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 for forecasting 5-year OS of patients with melanoma was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68–0.84), with a specificity of 80.0% and sensitivity of 65.98%.

Conclusion
The overall findings indicated that the levels of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 in patients with melanoma were considerably downregulated. It can therefore be inferred that the levels of plasma exosome-derived Cx43 might be a prospective prognostic indicator for 5 5-year OS and 5-year DFS of patients with melanoma.
Volume-accumulated reflectivity of the outer retina (integral) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography as a predictor of cone cell density: a pilot study
Authors: Li Wenting , Chen Wenwen , Zhou Xiyue , Jiang Tingting , Zhang Juan , Wang Min , Wu Jihong , Gu Junxiang , Chang Qing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The study aims to investigate the relationship between the volume-accumulated reflectivity (termed “integral”) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and cone density on adaptive optics (AO) imaging.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, both eyes of 32 healthy subjects and 5 patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRD) were studied. The parameter, integral, was defined as the volume-accumulated reflectivity values in a selected region on OCT images; integrals of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ) were measured at 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°and 6° eccentricity along the four meridians on fovea-centered OCT B-scans. Cone density in the same region was measured using a flood illumination adaptive optics camera RTX1.

Results
Integrals of EZ, IZ and cone density shared similar distribution patterns. Integral of the IZ was better correlated with cone density in both healthy people (r = 0.968, p < 0.001) and those with IRD (r = 0.823, p < 0.001) than direct measurements of reflectivity on OCT images. A strong correlation was found between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and cone density at 2° eccentricity (r = -0.857, p = 0.002). BCVA was also correlated with the integral of the IZ at the foveola (r = -0.746, p = 0.013) and fovea (r = -0.822, p = 0.004).

Conclusions
The new parameter “integral” of the photoreceptor outer segment measured from SD-OCT was noted to correlate with cone density and visual function in this pilot study.