bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeological Overview of Child Burials in the Bronze and Iron Ages
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of infant and child burials from the Early Bronze I–Iron Age II to demonstrate that sites throughout the land of Israel show a propensity to bury infants, and at times young children, differently than the adults in their community. In doing so, it provides a broad overview of the methods—tombs, caves, jars, pits—used for burying children, as well as the grave goods found with them. The relationship between (potential) personhood and differentiated burials is explored as a reason for why children and infants are not always found alongside other members of their community. A case study of the intramural burials in Megiddo Area K concludes the chapter as a means of thinking about ways in which personhood intersected with burials.
The Unity Argument
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides the central argument for Reasons Last and the Reasoning View. This Unity Argument begins with the observation that there appears to be a deep conceptual unity between normative reasons and motivating reasons. How can this unity be explained? The chapter argues that attempts to understand normative reasons in terms of motivating reasons, or vice versa, lead to implausible consequences in either the philosophy of mind or moral philosophy. The way to avoid those consequences is to adopt Reasons Last, the idea that we should understand both kinds of reasons in terms of some other phenomenon. It then argues that the Reasoning View is the most plausible way to implement the Reasons Last program. We should understand both kinds of reasons in terms of the idea of the norms of good practical reasoning.
New Ethnic Communal Property Regimes
Authors: Altamirano Rayo Giorleny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter articulates how the logic of state interests in Indigenous land titling extends beyond Latin America into other regions of the Global South, such as Africa and Southeast Asia. Based on secondary evidence, the chapter shows how state officials use Indigenous land titling to preserve and reproduce the state’s territorial power in Kenya and Indonesia. The chapter articulates the book’s broader theoretical contribution to literature on multiculturalism, the limitations of a rights-based framework to further Indigenous self-determination, the power of the modern state in a globalized era, the politics of implementation of formal institutions, and contemporary strategies of state building. Finally, the chapter describes how state elites use Indigenous land titling as a state building tool by erecting ethnic communal property regimes—differentiated institutional frameworks at the local level, which serve them to effectively control people in remote, resource-rich territories.
EU Law and Economics
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book examines the design and evolution of European law from the perspective of economics. It draws on various branches of the economic sciences—including rational choice and game theory, and institutional and behavioural economics—to expand our understanding of EU law and its effects. It seeks to complement doctrinal research on EU law by generating insights that are typically ignored in discussions of legal doctrine—including why the EU Treaties are designed as they are, how the Treaties and secondary EU law should be crafted, and how EU rules should be interpreted. While legal scholars draw on a range of interpretive methods, economics furnishes an alternative set of tools for explaining core legal principles such as conferral, subsidiarity, and mutual recognition. The law considers the actions of EU institutions in terms of their competences and instruments; economics, by contrast, can shed light on underlying motive dynamics—that is, on why Union institutions behave as they do within existing legal frameworks. This book devotes attention to EU Treaties and secondary law, as well as their adjudicative interpretation. The aim of the book is not to correct or revise existing legal perspectives, but rather to offer additional descriptive and normative metrics that expand our understanding of various issues, including in particular the decision-making behaviour of EU institutions and Member States. The book vividly demonstrates the immense value of harnessing the multifarious tools and methods of economics to analyse various issues in EU law, not least in relation to current reform debates.
Centralization
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Centralization, revolving around intrajurisdictional efficiency, addresses whether public activities should be pursued at the EU level or at Member State level. The intrajurisdictional question of whether and how to centralize within the EU revolves around two core legal provisions in the EU Treaty—the principle of conferral and the principle of subsidiarity. Conferral raises the question of whether the EU allocation of competences is efficient or inefficient from an intrajurisdictional perspective. Federalism theory and the theory of system competition anchored in institutional economics offer economic answers as to whether centralization or decentralization is the optimal solution. In this regard, ‘homogeneity’ has been a term widely used by lawyers, political scientists, and economists in order to make inferences on the optimal distribution of competences between the central authority and Member States. Another question concerns whether the principle of conferral is effectively applied and respected within the existing allocation of competences in the EU, which leads to the discussion of judicial innovations such as ‘implied powers’ or effet utile. Similarly, the principle of subsidiarity can be challenged from an economic perspective using economies of scale and scope as well as cost-benefit analysis as benchmarks for the exercise of EU competences.
Non-consensual EU law
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter inquires into how and why we see uneven or non-multilateral integration within the EU. The incentive structure guides EU members to engage in differentiated integration (as opposed to a unified integration speed), while the economic perspective depends on the economic method used. While rational choice focuses on cost-benefit considerations and game-theoretic considerations as the main drivers of non-consensualism, drawing from behavioural economics reveals heuristics at work when states determine their policy course that is relevant for differentiated integration. The reciprocity-based matching-reservation mechanism underpinning EU Treaty reservations does not work when states face asymmetric incentives, with asymmetry defined by diverse preferences, different implementation costs, and significant power imbalances. Yet fewer reservations and less differentiation exist under EU law compared to international law, which indicates greater homogeneity and less asymmetry among European states.
Enforcement
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Game theory is a suitable tool for studying how Member States comply with EU law as it examines the incentives for states to either cooperate or defect. The incentive structure varies depending on whether the situation involves a coordination problem without distributional conflicts or whether a prisoner’s dilemma is at stake. The Union institutional enforcement architecture generally increases members’ contributions to cooperation, which not only increases compliance ex post but also ensures an ex-ante chilling effect on defecting behaviour. Unlike international law, the enforcement structure, consisting of the EU Commission as the administrative and detective agency as well as the ECJ as the adjudicating body, is designed to overcome the second order collective action dilemma prevalent under international law.
The European Parliament
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
European Parliament decisions tend to have higher agency costs compared to the national setting, due to greater limitations on the expression of public preferences. Legally, the chain of legitimacy that runs from voters through political parties to the parliament is significantly diluted. In addition, economically, parties in the European Parliament only partially fulfil their intermediate function of aggregating public preferences. The widely observed absence of a ‘European demos’ increases citizens’ agency costs, because European parliamentary decisions are not subjected to the same scrutiny as decisions at national levels. The German Constitutional Court views this as limiting the transfer of sovereign rights to the EU level, an argument that can be drawn also from the theory of fiscal federalism: in the absence of a sufficient degree of preference homogeneity, public goods should be provided at local rather than at federal level.
The European Court of Justice
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intended to minimize agency costs through controlling EU institutions such as the Council and the Commission, the ECJ itself has furthered the ‘constitutionalization’ process through ‘innovative’ legal interpretations, driving up agency costs. This creates the risk that the bundle of collective goods offered on the supply side by EU institutions will diverge from the demand-side preferences of citizens. ‘Negative integration’ has further increased agency costs, while ‘positive integration’ entails significant transaction costs. The principal–agent perspective also invites exploration of the Court’s discretionary space, which varies depending on whether the Council makes decisions by unanimity or qualified majority.
The European Central Bank
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Economics offers a rationale for certain features of delegation to non-majoritarian institutions such as the ECB. But principal–agent theory also sheds light on the problems associated with the expansion of ECB powers in recent years without effective oversight and accountability, thus creating significant agency costs through possible misalignment with the preferences of Member States or citizens as principals. Central bank officials should seek to minimize monetary policy spillovers to policy domains over which they have no authority, while federalism theory suggests that economic policy should remain in the hands of Member States, in order to allow public policies to reflect regionally heterogeneous preferences.
European Public Goods
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the provision of European public goods and offers a framework for their identification and governance. While identification of European public goods draws from the insight of fiscal federalism, institutional and legal instruments exist to manage economic trade-offs and to find institutional arrangements for public-good provision, to maximize the benefits of public goods for EU members. The institutional and legal framework offers instruments and principles to effectively address this trade-off. This paper considers five levers that allow for the customization of public goods at either EU or Member States level (or both), taking into account the specific characteristics of each. These include the allocation of competences within the margins of the Treaty; the decision-making rules in the Council; the provision of public goods at the level of ‘clubs’ of member states with similar preferences organized within or outside the Treaty; a variable combination of centralization/decentralization of rule-making, financing, and delivery of public goods; and compensation or redistributive mechanisms to achieve greater alignment of preferences. One of the principal implications of the legal contribution to the discourse on European public goods is that the question of whether public goods should be provided at the national or European level may be a misguided one. The pertinent question, therefore, is how to establish institutional frameworks for the provision of public goods, with a view to optimizing the benefits of such goods for EU members. While the EU remains severely constrained in ensuring funding of European public goods, the theory of institutional and fiscal congruence offers normative guidance on optimal EU public finance.
Internal market: economic integration
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses how market freedoms should ensure an optimal allocation of economic resources. An efficient market is fully integrated, and the rationale of European integration then lies in efficient factor allocation and the existence of economies of scale. In line with the Court’s jurisprudence, economic inefficiencies may result from discriminatory and non-discriminatory measures that potentially restrict trade. However, the relationship between individual freedom and public policy intervention is one where efficiency concerns militate against preference heterogeneity. The Court’s wide interpretation of all potentially trade-restrictive measures to be in violation of basic freedoms must be narrowed by acknowledging leeway to account for heterogenous preferences.
Economic and monetary union
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the institutional design and legal framework of EMU can be approached through federalism theory and institutional economics. EMU raises the question of how state organization principles interact with debt dynamics and instruments to contain debt, in particular how the treatment of debt varies between federal states and union states and how this impacts budget consolidation. The analysis explores how core legal norms such as the no-bailout clause and the ban on monetary state financing can reconcile legal and economic rationales.
Helium Plasma-Driven Radiofrequency for Skin Contraction: Clinical Use, Safety Recommendations, and Results in High-Definition Body Contouring Surgery
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E , Perez Mauricio E , Cala Laura C , Dominguez Rodrigo , Vranis Neil M , Dayan Erez 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
For many years, liposuction has remained one of the most-performed cosmetic procedures by plastic surgeons around the world. However, determining the degree of residual skin laxity after evacuation of fat remains a challenge. Renuvion (J-Plasma, Apyx Medical, Clearwater, FL) is a radiofrequency device propelled by helium plasma that generates rapid heating at the subcutaneous layer leading to controlled skin retraction.

Objectives
The authors present the clinical results of their experience with the J-Plasma device in combination with high-definition liposculpture (HDL), while providing some safety recommendations for its use.

Methods
The authors retrospectively collected data from a cohort of patients who underwent HDL in combination with J-Plasma therapy in at least 1 body segment between January 2018 and June 2019 at Dhara Clinic (Bogota, Colombia). Also, 100 patients were randomly selected to complete a satisfaction survey of their results.

Results
The authors evaluated 174 consecutive cases: 149 females (85.6%) and 25 males (14.4%). J-Plasma was performed in addition to HDL alone in 96 cases (55.2%), whereas other aesthetic procedures were performed in addition to J-Plasma and HDL in 78 cases (44.8%). They reported 44% of patients as being “very satisfied” and 41% “partially satisfied.”

Conclusions
The helium plasma-based device, J-Plasma, has several unique features that enable surgeons to achieve adequate levels of soft-tissue contraction when used in conjunction with liposuction during High-Def body contouring surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
STMGraph: spatial-context-aware of transcriptomes via a dual-remasked dynamic graph attention model
Authors: Lin Lixian , Wang Haoyu , Chen Yuxiao , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Yujie , Chen Zhenglin , Yang Yuemin , Liu Kunpeng , Ma Xiaokai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies enable dissecting the tissue architecture in spatial context. To perceive the global contextual information of gene expression patterns in tissue, the spatial dependence of cells must be fully considered by integrating both local and non-local features by means of spatial-context-aware. However, the current ST integration algorithm ignores for ST dropouts, which impedes the spatial-aware of ST features, resulting in challenges in the accuracy and robustness of microenvironmental heterogeneity detecting, spatial domain clustering, and batch-effects correction. Here, we developed an STMGraph, a universal dual-view dynamic deep learning framework that combines dual-remask (MASK-REMASK) with dynamic graph attention model (DGAT) to exploit ST data outperforming pre-existing tools. The dual-remask mechanism masks the embeddings before encoding and decoding, establishing dual-decoding-view to share features mutually. DGAT leverages self-supervision to update graph linkage relationships from two distinct perspectives, thereby generating a comprehensive representation for each node. Systematic benchmarking against 10 state-of-the-art tools revealed that the STMGraph has the optimal performance with high accuracy and robustness on spatial domain clustering for the datasets of diverse ST platforms from multi- to sub-cellular resolutions. Furthermore, STMGraph aggregates ST information cross regions by dual-remask to realize the batch-effects correction implicitly, allowing for spatial domain clustering of ST multi-slices. STMGraph is platform independent and superior in spatial-context-aware to achieve microenvironmental heterogeneity detection, spatial domain clustering, batch-effects correction, and new biological discovery, and is therefore a desirable novel tool for diverse ST studies
Addressing scalability and managing sparsity and dropout events in single-cell representation identification with ZIGACL
Authors: Shi Mingguang , Li Xuefeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite significant advancements in single-cell representation learning, scalability and managing sparsity and dropout events continue to challenge the field as scRNA-seq datasets expand. While current computational tools struggle to maintain both efficiency and accuracy, the accurate connection of these dropout events to specific biological functions usually requires additional, complex experiments, often hampered by potential inaccuracies in cell-type annotation. To tackle these challenges, the Zero-Inflated Graph Attention Collaborative Learning (ZIGACL) method has been developed. This innovative approach combines a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model with a Graph Attention Network, leveraging mutual information from neighboring cells to enhance dimensionality reduction and apply dynamic adjustments to the learning process through a co-supervised deep graph clustering model. ZIGACL’s integration of denoising and topological embedding significantly improves clustering accuracy and ensures similar cells are grouped closely in the latent space. Comparative analyses across nine real scRNA-seq datasets have shown that ZIGACL significantly enhances single-cell data analysis by offering superior clustering performance and improved stability in cell representations, effectively addressing scalability and managing sparsity and dropout events, thereby advancing our understanding of cellular heterogeneity.
Integrative co-registration of elemental imaging and histopathology for enhanced spatial multimodal analysis of tissue sections through TRACE
Authors: Lu Yunrui , Han Serin , Srivastava Aruesha , Shaik Neha , Chan Matthew , Diallo Alos , Kumar Naina , Paruchuri Nishita , Deosthali Hrishikesh , Ravikumar Vismay , Cornell Kevin , Stommel Elijah , Punshon Tracy , Jackson Brian , Kolling Fred , Vahdat Linda , Vaickus Louis , Marotti Jonathan , Ho Sunita , Levy Joshua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Summary
Elemental imaging provides detailed profiling of metal bioaccumulation, offering more precision than bulk analysis by targeting specific tissue areas. However, accurately identifying comparable tissue regions from elemental maps is challenging, requiring the integration of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides for effective comparison. Facilitating the streamlined co-registration of whole slide images (WSI) and elemental maps, TRACE enhances the analysis of tissue regions and elemental abundance in various pathological conditions. Through an interactive containerized web application, TRACE features real-time annotation editing, advanced statistical tools, and data export, supporting comprehensive spatial analysis. Notably, it allows for comparison of elemental abundances across annotated tissue structures and enables integration with other spatial data types through WSI co-registration.

Availability and implementation
Available on the following platforms—GitHub: jlevy44/trace_app, PyPI: trace_app, Docker: joshualevy44/trace_app, Singularity: docker://joshualevy44/trace_app.
Unraveling the elongating bovine conceptus microenvironment: identification of gene transcripts and proteins along the conceptus-maternal interface in cattle
Authors: Peterson Katheryn D , Freeman Trevor F , Poudel Shankar P , Behura Susanta K , Kakhniashvili D , Johnson Daniel L , Prado Tulio M , Strickland Lew G , Beever Jonathan E , Spencer Thomas E , Mathew Daniel J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The bovine conceptus elongates near Day 16 of development and releases interferon-tau, disrupting the endometrial luteolytic mechanism to sustain luteal P4 and pregnancy. Conceptus factors other than interferon tau modify local endometrial activities to support pregnancy; however, the microenvironment is largely uncharacterized. We utilized a bovine conceptus-endometrial culture system to elucidate the microenvironment in the form of gene transcripts and protein. Estrus synchronized heifers remained cyclic (13) or were inseminated (9) to produce Day 16 cyclic endometrium and elongating conceptuses, respectively. Conceptus sections and endometrium were then used to generate tissue cultures in 1 ml of medium: (i) no tissue (control med; n = 7), (ii) mono-cultured conceptus (conceptus; n = 9) (iii) mono-cultured endometrium (endo; n = 13), or (iv) endo-conceptus co-culture (n = 15). After 12 h, tissue gene transcripts were sequenced (RNA-Seq) and media underwent proteomic analysis (LC–MS/MS). Compared to conceptus and endo, co-cultured conceptus and endometrial tissue contained 3400 and 4575 differentially expressed genes, respectively (P ≤ 0.01). More abundantly expressed endometrial differentially expressed genes were associated with interferon signaling whereas more abundantly expressed conceptus differentially expressed genes were associated with protein homeostasis and metabolism (FDR &lt; 0.001). When co-culture media where compared to endo media, 288 more abundant proteins were identified (P &lt; 0.05). Biological processes related to these proteins included antigen presentation via MHC Class Ib and keratinization (FDR &lt; 0.001). Within the mono-cultured conceptus and endometrial media, folate receptor alpha (FOLR1; P &lt; 0.001) was identified as the most abundant secreted protein suggesting the reproductive tissues elicit a microenvironment supportive of conceptus growth involving folate metabolism.