bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the persian version of the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire
Authors: Hayat Ali Asghar , Shateri Karim , Kamalian Fard Sepideh , Sabzi Shahr Babak Elnaz , Faraji Dehsorkhi Hatam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Theories and numerous empirical studies indicate teaching performance and students’ learning progress are affected by teaching self-efficacy. Therefore, the present study examines the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire.

Methods
The 16-item physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire was translated from English to Persian and back-translated to English and then administered to 242 medical teachers from six medical universities. To assess construct validity, researchers made use of confirmatory factor analysis. To check the reliability and validity of the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire, we used internal consistency, discriminant, convergent, and criterion validity.

Results
PLS-SEM results substantiated the original three factor structure of the questionnaire which is dyadic, triadic, and self-regulation. For all sub-scales, internal consistency- measured by Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, convergent validity- measured by factor loading and AVE, and discriminant validity- measured by cross-loading, Fornell-Larcker, and HTMT metrics- confirmed the construct reliability and validity of the questionnaire. A positive correlation was, also, fund between teaching motivation and experience with the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire scales, proving the criterion validity of the questionnaire.

Conclusion
The Persian version of physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire is a valid, highly reliable, and multidimensional tool to measure physicians’ clinical teaching self-efficacy working in medical universities.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical care delivery in Eastern Uganda-a societal perspective
Authors: Nwanna–Nzewunwa Obieze , Agwang Esther , Carvalho Melissa , Ajiko Mary-Margaret , Oke Rasheedat , Yoon Christopher , Diab Mohamed M , Kirya Fred , Marseille Elliot , Juillard Catherine , Dicker Rochelle A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The mismatch between the global burden of surgical disease and global health funding for surgical illness exacerbates disparities in surgical care access worldwide. Amidst competing priorities, governments need to rationally allocate scarce resources to address local needs. To build an investment case for surgery, economic data on surgical care delivery is needed. This study focuses on femur fractures.

Methods
This prospective cohort study at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH), captured demographic, clinical, and cost data from all surgical inpatients and their caregivers at SRRH from February 2018 through July 2019. We performed descriptive and inferential analyses. We estimated the cost effectiveness of intramedullary nailing relative to traction for femur fractures by using primary data and making extrapolations using regional data.

Results
Among the 546 patients, 111 (20.3%) had femur fractures and their median [IQR] length of hospitalization was 27 days [14, 36 days]. The total societal cost and Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained was USD 61,748.10 and 78.81 for femur traction and USD 23,809 and 85.47 for intramedullary nailing. Intramedullary nailing was dominant over traction of femur fractures with an Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio of USD 5,681.75 per QALY gained.

Conclusion
Femur fractures are the most prevalent and most expensive surgical condition at SRRH. Relative to intramedullary nailing, the use of femur traction at SRRH is not cost effective. There is a need to explore and adopt more cost-effective approaches like internal fixation.
Differences in characteristics and infection severity between odontogenic and other bacterial oro-naso-pharyngeal infections
Authors: Vilén Suvi-Tuuli , Ahde Hanna , Puolakka Tuukka , Mäkitie Antti , Uittamo Johanna , Snäll Johanna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Different bacterial infections of the oro-naso-pharyngeal (ONP) region may progress and require hospital care. The present study clarified differences in infection characteristics between hospitalized patients with odontogenic infections (OIs) and other bacterial ONP infections. The specific aim was to evaluate clinical infection variables and infection severity according to infection aetiology, particularly regarding features of OIs compared with other ONPs.

Methods
Records of patients aged ≥16 years requiring hospital care for an acute bacterial ONP infection in the emergency units of Otorhinolaryngology or Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Helsinki University Hospital (Helsinki, Finland) during 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The main outcome variables were need for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and length of hospital stay. The primary predictor variable was infection category, defined as OI or other ONP. The secondary predictor variable was specific ONP infection group. Additional predictor variables were primary clinical infection signs, infection parameters at hospital admission, and delay from beginning of symptoms to hospitalization. Explanatory variables were sex, age, current smoking, heavy alcohol use or substance abuse, and immunosuppressive disease, immunosuppressive medication, or both. Comparison of study groups was performed using Fisher’s exact test, student’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U.

Results
A total of 415 patients with bacterial ONPs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The most common infections were oropharyngeal (including peritonsillar, tonsillar, and parapharyngeal infections; 51%) followed by infections from the odontogenic origin (24%). Clinical features of OIs differed from other ONPs. Restricted mouth opening, skin redness, or facial or neck swelling (or both) were found significantly more often in OIs (p < 0.001). OIs required ICU care significantly more often than other ONPs (p < 0.001) and their hospital stay was longer (p = 0.017).

Conclusions
Infections originating from the tonsillary and dental origin had the greatest need for hospitalization. Clinical features of OIs differed; the need for ICU treatment was more common and hospital stay was longer compared with other ONPs. Preventive care should be emphasized regarding OIs, and typical infection characteristics of ONP infection subgroups should be highlighted to achieve early and prompt diagnosis and treatment and to reduce hospitalization time.
The interplay between malaria vectors and human activity accounts for high residual malaria transmission in a Burkina Faso village with universal ITN coverage
Authors: Perugini Eleonora , Guelbeogo Wamdaogo M. , Guglielmo Federica , Poggi Cristiana , Gabrieli Eugenio , Ranson Hilary , della Torre Alessandra , Pombi Marco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Mosquito and human behaviour interaction is a key determinant of the maximum level of protection against malaria that can be provided by insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Nevertheless, scant literature focuses on this interaction, overlooking a fundamental factor for efficient malaria control. This study aims to estimate malaria transmission risk in a Burkina Faso village by integrating vector biting rhythms with some key information about human habits.

Methods
Indoor/outdoor human landing catches were conducted for 16 h (16:00–08:00) during 8 nights (September 2020) in Goden village. A survey about net usage and sleeping patterns was submitted to half the households (October–December 2020). A subsample of collected specimens of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was molecularly processed for species identification, Plasmodium detection from heads-thoraxes and L1014F pyrethroid-resistance allele genotyping. Hourly mosquito abundance was statistically assessed by GLM/GAM, and the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was corrected for the actual ITN usage retrieved from the questionnaire.

Results
Malaria transmission was mainly driven by Anopheles coluzzii (68.7%) followed by A. arabiensis (26.2%). The overall sporozoite rate was 2% with L1014F estimated frequency of 0.68 (N = 1070 out of 15,201 A. gambiae s.l. collected). No major shift in mosquito biting rhythms in response to ITN or differences between indoor and outdoor catches were detected. Impressive high biting pressure (mean 30.3 mosquitoes/person/hour) was exerted from 20:00 to 06:00 with a peak at 4:00. Human survey revealed that nearly all inhabitants were awake before 20:00 and after 7:00 and at least 8.7% had no access to bednets. Adjusting for anthropological data, the EIR dropped from 6.7 to 1.2 infective bites/person/16 h. In a scenario of full net coverage and accounting only for the human sleeping patterns, the daily malaria transmission risk not targetable by ITNs was 0.69 infective bites.

Conclusions
The high mosquito densities and interplay between human/vector activities means that an estimated 10% of residual malaria transmission cannot be prevented by ITNs in the village. Locally tailored studies, like the current one, are essential to explore the heterogeneity of human exposure to infective bites and, consequently, to instruct the adoption of new vector control tools strengthening individual and community protection.

Graphical Abstract
Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of HTLV-1 Carriers Diagnosed With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Endemic Country
Authors: Valcarcel Bryan , Enriquez-Vera Daniel , De-la-Cruz-Ku Gabriel , Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Calderón-Huaycochea Hafid , Malpica Luis 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an endemic virus in Latin America that is directly linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Previous studies have suggested an oncogenic role of HTLV-1 in non-ATL neoplasms and have found higher mortality in HTLV-1 carriers without ATL. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, HTLV-1 carriers were identified through screening at a tertiary cancer center between 2006 and 2019. We compared the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with ATL with those with other solid or hematologic malignancies by sex stratification. RESULTS We identified 1,934 HTLV-1 carriers diagnosed with cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 62 (range 20-114) years, 76% were female, 60% had no or elementary school education, and 50% were born in the Andean highlands. The most common non-ATL neoplasm was cervical cancer (50%) among females and non-ATL non-Hodgkin lymphoma (26%) among males. With a median follow-up of 66 months, the 5-year OS of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms (26%-47% for females and 22%-34% for males) was inferior to those reported in the general population. As expected, patients with ATL had a worse prognosis (5-year OS: 10% for females and 8% for males). CONCLUSION HTLV-1 carriers with cancer were middle age and from underprivileged settings, suggesting an undetected transmission among vulnerable populations, especially females. Survival estimates of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms were lower than the regional outcomes. Future research should ascertain how the biology of HTLV-1 and health care disparities affect the outcomes of HTLV-1 carriers, as well as determine the burden of HTLV-1 infection in the cancer population to recommend screening in the outpatient setting of endemic regions.
Structures All the Way Down: Literary Methods and the Detail
Authors: Levine Caroline 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This essay makes the case that most methods in literary studies explicitly privilege the detail but covertly depend on structures. The article turns to structuralism, specifically to the debate between Vladimir Propp and Claude Lévi-Strauss about the role of the detail, for a method that keeps structures in view, even while focusing on details. Suggesting that structuralist methods could usefully reshape the teaching of literature now, the essay reads two novels that both depend on and depart from traditional fairy-tale patterns: Jane Yolen’s Briar Rose (1992) and Helen Oyeyemi’s Boy, Snow, Bird (2014).
The Detail of Place and the Place of Detail
Authors: Wong Shirley Lau 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Literary settings are often celebrated for richly representing the many details of a particular place. The close association between detail and setting stems from the realist presumption that detail constitutes what Roland Barthes calls an “index of . . . atmosphere”: the accumulation of details provides an authentic sense of place. But the detail’s usual role in constructing immersive worlds seems antithetical to the project of the so-called global novel, which has often been characterized by placelessness and by cosmopolitan, jet-setting characters. This essay examines the relationship between place, detail, and narrative in Teju Cole’s Open City (2011), which has often been praised for its intimate portrayal of New York. With Open City Cole offers a metanarrative commentary on the detail’s function in previous literary periods and modes, from the nineteenth-century novel’s harnessing of detail to create plush, seemingly real worlds to modernist and postmodern fiction’s interrogation of the detail’s supposed referentiality. Engaging with the detail’s many legacies, Cole underscores the latent violence of detail in the global novel, namely, its capacity to draw something into the foreground or make it recede into the background.
Adult malaria mortality during 2019 at Bo Government Hospital, Sierra Leone
Authors: Kpagoi Satta Sylvia T.K. , Aimone Ashley , Ansumana Rashid , Swaray Ibrahim , Gelband Hellen , Eikelboom John W. , Jha Prabhat , Bogoch Isaac I. 
Published: March 2023

It is uncertain whether malaria is an important cause of death among adults in endemic areas. We performed a chart review of adults admitted to Bo Government Hospital during 2019. Of 893 admissions, 149 (59% female, mean age 58.5 years) had a laboratory diagnosis of malaria and 22 (14.8%) died. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with severe malaria compared with those who had non-severe malaria (6/20 [30%] versus 16/129 [12.4%], p=0.031). Our results suggest that malaria is a common cause of death in hospitalized Sierra Leonian adults.
Basal cell carcinoma in the elderly Cryosurgery or surgery – a case study with reference to the literature
Authors: Kapłon Kamil , Wojtala Laura , Pawlak Weronika , Pawłocik Weronika , Musiał Lena , Możdżyńska Agnieszka , Szymańska Julia , Grabowska Ewa , Rymarz Anna , Kojder Dominika 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
The aging of society leads to an increase in the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC includes both superficial and nodular lesions with a good prognosis as well as foci that are difficult to treat and require a multidisciplinary approach. There are two basic methods of treating BCC, surgery to remove the tumor and cryosurgery. The paper presents a case of an 82-year-old female patient suffering from BCC in a non-advanced stage of the disease with the presentation of subsequent stages of treatment.Aim of the studyAn attempt was made to confront an alternative method of BCC treatment by cryosurgery with the first-choice procedure - surgical excision of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissues.Description of the caseAn individual clinical case study including the patient's medical records.ConclusionsThe work emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care for a patient diagnosed with BCC.Individualization of the diagnostic and therapeutic process is the basis for dealing with the elderly patient.
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency - diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
Authors: Hawranik Izabela , Tomasik Mikołaj , Warzyszak Paweł , Małek Róża , Milczek Maria , Żołyniak Wojciech , Niski Szymon , Żaba Ziemowit , Lisowska Aleksandra , Skrzypek Mateusz 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and purpose: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a rare but serious disease diagnosed in about 1% of women before the age of 40. It is characterized by hypoestrogenism and an increase in the level of the follicle-stimulating hormone, which is associated with menstrual disorders, pregnancy failures and a reduced quality of life. The main causes of POI include a genetic background and autoimmune abnormalities, as well as increasingly jatrogenic factors. Care for patients is focused on hormone replacement therapy and infertility treatment. The aim of this review is to discuss current treatment methods, the impact of early diagnosis and the prevention of premature ovarian insufficiency, which affects the ability to have one's own offspring. The article also describes new methods of infertility treatment that are under investigation.
Materials and methods: This literature review is based on articles published in the PubMed database from 2015 to 2022 using the following phrases: premature ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian insufficiency stem cells
State of knowledge: The only way to treat infertility in women with POI is egg donation. Currently, research is being conducted to achieve early diagnosis, introduce new treatment methods and reduce the number of iatrogenic forms of POI.
Conclusion: The main problem for women diagnosed with POI is the difficulty or often impossibility of having their own children. Egg donation does not allow for the transfer of the patient's genetic material, and is also not available as a treatment option in some countries. For this reason, new methods for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of POI are being developed.
Defining avoidable healthcare-associated harm in prisons: A mixed-method development study
Authors: Keers Richard N. , Wainwright Verity , McFadzean Joy , Davies Kate , Campbell Stephen M. , Stevenson Caroline , Purchase Thomas , Shaw Jennifer , Carson-Stevens Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Background
Reducing avoidable healthcare-associated harm is a global health priority. Progress in evaluating the burden and aetiology of avoidable harm in prisons is limited compared with other healthcare sectors. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop a definition of avoidable harm to facilitate future epidemiological studies in prisons.

Methods
Using a sequential mixed methods study design we first characterised and reached consensus on the types and avoidability of patient harm in prison healthcare involving analysis of 151 serious prison incidents reported to the Strategic Executive Information System (StEIS) followed by in-depth nominal group (NG) discussions with four former service users and four prison professionals. Findings of the NG discussions and StEIS analysis were then synthesised and discussed among the research team and study oversight groups to develop an operational definition of avoidable harm in prison healthcare which was subsequently tested and validated using prison patient safety incident report data derived from the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS).

Results
Analysis of StEIS incident reports and NG discussions identified important factors influencing avoidable harm which reflected the unique prison setting, including health care delivery issues and constraints associated with the secure environment which limited access to care. These findings informed the development of a new working two-tier definition of avoidable harm using appropriate and timely intervention, which included an additional assessment of harm avoidability taking into the account the prison regime and environment. The definition was compatible with the NRLS incident report narratives and illustrated how the prison environment may influence identification of avoidable harm and judgements of avoidability.

Conclusions
We have developed a working definition of avoidable harm in prison health care that enables consideration of caveats associated with prison environments and systems. Our definition enables future studies of the safety of prison healthcare to standardise outcome measurement.
Choosing Sides in a Two-Sided Matching Market
Authors: Zhou Kit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
I model a competitive labor market in which agents of different skill levels decide whether to enter the market as a manager or as a worker. After roles are chosen, a two-sided matching market is realized and a cooperative assignment game occurs. There exists a unique rational expectations equilibrium that induces a stable many-to-one matching and wage structure. Positive assortative matching occurs if and only if the production function exhibits a condition that I call role supermodularity, which is stronger than the strict supermodularity condition commonly used in the matching literature because a high skilled agent with a role choice is only willing to enter the market as a worker if she expects that it is more profitable to cluster with only other high skilled agents than to exclusively manage. The wage structure in equilibrium is consistent with empirical evidence that the wage gap is driven both by increased within-firm positive sorting as well as between-firm segregation.
Exploratory quasi-experimental study of anti-arthritic activity of Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, Abha Guggulu in osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Hedaoo Mrinmayee , Patil-Bhole Trupti , Sharma Rohit , Mahajan Madhavi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Abha Guggulu (AG) is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation used for treating joint disorders and bone fractures. Individually, the ingredients are known for their promising anti-inflammatory and rejuvenating actions. The present study attempts to explore the anti–arthritic potential of AG through an exploratory clinical trial.

Methods
The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental model. The clinical trial has been registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India (registration number: CTRI/2019/09/021354). Osteoarthritis patients of both genders (n=12, 40–70 years age group), meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were recruited in the single arm study. AG was administered in tablet form in a dose of 1.5 g, twice daily. The WOMAC score was used as a primary outcome measure. The WOMAC scale of patients was recorded on 0th, 15th and 30th days of treatment.

Results
At the end of treatment, there was a significant difference in the scores of the outcome measure. As per WOMAC total score, participants were significantly improved (p=0.002) after consuming the drug for 1 month.

Conclusions
Overall, the data indicates significant improvement of subjects in both scales and objective measures used for assessment purposes. There were no adverse drug reactions reported during the trial. AG may be used as a safe and effective supplement to reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis. The clinical efficacy of the formulation might be mediated through the synergistic blend of herbal bioactive compounds from AG.