bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What did COVID‐19 pandemics teach us about single‐fraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases—State of the art or undertreatment?
Authors: Arsenijević Tatjana , Stepanović Aleksandar , Milošević‐Maračić Brankica , Poparić‐Bandjur Bojana , Mišković Ivana , Gavrilović Dušica , Nikitović Marina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChoosing the optimal treatment approach for patients with painful bone metastases during the COVID‐19 pandemic became challenging. A simple technique, single fraction radiotherapy was recommended for these patients usually referring to bone metastases as a single entity, although it is a very heterogeneous group of patients.AimThis study aimed to analyze the response to palliative single fraction radiotherapy in relation to age, performance status, primary tumor, histopathology, and bone localization in the group of patients with painful bone metastases.MethodsA clinical, prospective, non‐randomized study was conducted at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, which included 64 patients with noncomplicated, painful bone metastases who underwent palliative, pain‐relieving radiation therapy with a single tumor dose of 8Gy in a single hospital visit. Response to treatment was patient reported via telephone interview using visual analog scale. The response assessment was based on the international consensus panel of radiation oncologists.ResultsIn the entire group of patients, 83% responded to radiotherapy. No statistically significant difference was observed in response to therapy, time to reach the maximum response, degree of pain reduction, nor in response duration depending on the patient's age, performance status, the primary origin of the tumor, histopathology, or location of the metastasis (bone) that was irradiated.ConclusionRegardless of clinical parameters, palliative radiotherapy with a single dose of 8Gy can be considered very effective in quick pain relief in patients with noncomplicated painful bone metastases. Single fraction radiotherapy in a single hospital visit, as well as patient‐reported outcome for these patients may be considered favorable beyond Covid pandemics.
Megalourethra and bladder foreign body in a female patient
Authors: Bilim Vladimir , Watanabe Nobuya , Arai Shigeru , Hoshi Senji 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageUndiagnosed female megalourethra can be a cause of iatrogenic bladder foreign body.AbstractForeign bodies in the urinary bladder are relatively rare. Female megalourethra is an extremely rare congenital disorder which is usually associated with Müllerian anomalies. We describe a case of an iatrogenic bladder foreign body and a megalourethra in a young woman with normal gynecological organs.
Mono‐ and Difluorinated Saturated Heterocyclic Amines for Drug Discovery: Systematic Study of Their Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Nazar Kostiantyn , Smyrnov Oleh , Skreminskyi Artem , Pavlenko Serhii , Klymenko‐Ulianov Oleksii , Shishkina Svitlana , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA comprehensive study of physicochemical properties (pKa, LogP, and intrinsic microsomal clearance) within the series of mono‐ and difluorinated azetidine, pyrrolidine, and piperidine derivatives was performed. While the number of fluorine atoms and their distance to the protonation center were the major factors defining the compound's basicity, both pKa and LogP values were affected considerably by the conformational preferences of the corresponding derivatives. For example, features of “Janus face” (facially polarized) cyclic compounds (i. e., unusually high hydrophilicity) were identified for cis‐3,5‐difluoropiperidine, preferring a diaxial conformation. Intrinsic microsomal clearance measurements demonstrated high metabolic stability of the compounds studied (with a single exception of the 3,3‐difluoroazetidine derivative). According to pKa – LogP plots, the title compounds provide a valuable extension of the fluorine‐containing (e. g., fluoroalkyl‐substituted) saturated heterocyclic amine series as building blocks for rational optimization studies in early drug discovery.
Strategien zum Schließen der Stoffkreisläufe beim Recycling von Fluorpolymeren
Authors: Schmidt-Rodenkirchen Achim , Gerdes Thorsten , Hintzer Klaus , Schlipf Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Fluorpolymeren sind die Wasserstoffatome in einer Polymerkette zum Großteil oder auch vollständig durch Fluor ersetzt, was zu einer Reihe besonderer Eigenschaften wie hoher chemischer und thermischer Beständigkeit führt. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaftskombination sind diese Hochleistungspolymere für manche Anwendungen nicht oder nur schwer ersetzbar. Sonderwerkstoffe wie Fluorpolymere nehmen aufgrund ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, ihres geringen Marktvolumens und der meist industriellen Anwendung eine Sonderstellung ein, da sie nicht zusammen mit Massenpolymeren wie z. B. Polyethylen am Ende des Lebenszyklus anfallen und auch nicht zusammen recycelt werden können. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Verfahren hinsichtlich ihres technischen Reifegrades und ihrer Eignung diskutiert, um Fluorpolymere vollständig zu recyceln.
Reciprocal translocations hidden by phenotype and genotype within the same wheat cultivar
Authors: Li Can , Fan Ruixiao , Ma Chongyang , Zhang Zhen , Li Zheng , Zhu Lele , Nie Fang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Xuqin , Xie Jinjin , Yu Xueting , Guo Guanghui , Zhang Jianwei , Chen Shisheng , Zhou Yun , Song Chun‐Peng , Chen Xiaojie , Li Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements play essential roles in crop evolution, and different types of rearrangements have been identified in various cultivars belonging to Triticeae. However, it has not been reported whether chromosome rearrangements also occur within the same cultivar. We screened 33 plants of a Chinese modern cultivar Aikang58 (AK58) using non‐denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization technique and found two with reciprocal translocation 3BL‐6BL and 3BS‐6BS present, thereafter designated as AK58T. The breakpoint positions of AK58T were different from previous 3B‐6B translocation, indicating newly reported translocations in common wheat. The genetic similarity between AK58 and AK58T was greater than 99.8% by wheat 55K chip array analysis. Our results showed no significant phenotype difference in five developmental periods or seven seed traits between the two lines under speed breeding conditions. However, the F1 hybrids between AK58 and AK58T severely suffered from low seedset due to the documented occurrence of multivalent formation during meiosis. Screening of 41 F2 progenies identified eight types of chromosomal variations that affected agronomic traits and decreased the fertility. Therefore, we reported that chromosomal rearrangements within the same cultivar could be hidden by high phenotype and genotype similarity, and concluded that these types of hidden variations may lead to severe fertility penalty once outcross occurred.
Smad3‐mediated lncRNA HSALR1 enhances the non‐classic signalling pathway of TGF‐β1 in human bronchial fibroblasts by binding to HSP90AB1
Authors: Yi Erkang , Lin Biting , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiahuan , Liu Yu , Jin Jing , Hong Wei , Lin Zhiwei , Cao Weitao , Mei Xinyue , Bai Ge , Li Bing , Zhou Yumin , Ran Pixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the diseases with high mortality and morbidity with complex pathogenesis. Airway remodeling is an unavoidable pathological characteristic. However, the molecular mechanisms of airway remodeling are incompletely defined.MethodslncRNAs highly correlated with transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF–β1) expression were chosen, the lncRNA ENST00000440406 (named HSP90AB1 Assoicated LncRNA 1, HSALR1) was chosen for further functional experiments. Dual luciferase and ChIP assay were used to detect the upstream of HSALR1, transcriptome sequencing, Cck–8, Edu, cell proliferation, cell cycle assay, and WB detection of pathway levels confirmed the effect of HSALR1 on fibroblast proliferation and phosphorylation levels of related pathways. Mice was infected with adeno–associated virus (AAV) to express HSALR1 by intratracheal instillation under anesthesia and was exposure to cigarette smoke, then mouse lung function was performed and the pathological sections of lung tissues were analyzed.ResultsHerein, lncRNA HSALR1 was identified as highly correlated with the TGF–β1 and mainly expressed in human lung fibroblasts. HSALR1 was induced by Smad3 and promoted fibroblasts proliferation. Mechanistically, it could directly bind to HSP90AB1 protein, and acted as a scaffold to stabilize the binding between Akt and HSP90AB1 to promote Akt phosphorylation. In vivo, mice expressed HSALR1 by AAV was exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for COPD modeling. We found that lung function was worse and airway remodeling was more pronounced in HSLAR1 mice compare to wild type (WT) mice.ConclusionOur results suggest that lncRNA HSALR1 binds to HSP90AB1 and Akt complex component, and enhances activity of the TGF–β1 smad3–independent pathway. This finding described here suggest that lncRNA can participate in COPD development, and HSLAR1 is a promising molecular target of COPD therapy.
Immediate histopathologic correlation in Turkish population with negative cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus positivity: A retrospective analysis of high‐risk human papillomavirus genotype and stratified by age
Authors: Kir Gozde , Gunel Humeyra , Cicek Tuba , Seneldir Hatice 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAccording to the American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) recommendations, regardless of age, women with high‐risk infections other than human papillomavirus 16/18 positivity (other hrHPV) and negative cytology should not be referred directly to colposcopy. Several studies compared detection rates of ≥high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) between HPV 16/18 ± 45, and other hrHPV types on colposcopic biopsy.MethodsWe designed a retrospective study to determine the presence of ≥HSIL in colposcopic biopsy in women with negative cytology and hrHPV positivity during the years 2016–2022.ResultsHPV 16/18/45 had a PPV of 43.8%, while other hrHPV types had a PPV of 29.1% for a tissue diagnosis of ≥HSIL. For a tissue diagnosis of ≥HSIL detection, there was no statistically significant difference between the PPV of other hrHPV and HPV 16/18/45 in patients ≥30. There were only two cases with a tissue diagnosis of ≥HSIL in the other hrHPV group of women under 30 years of age.ConclusionWe suggested that the follow‐up recommendations of ASCCP for patients above the age of 30 with negative cytology and other hrHPV positivity may not be fully applicable to countries like Turkey with a different healthcare environment. Referring to patients ≥30 who had other hrHPV positivity and negative cytology to direct colposcopy may be clinically beneficial, particularly in populations where a colposcopic examination is easy and inexpensive.
Safety study of topical naltrexone therapy for diabetic skin wounds is confirmed in Göttingen mini‐pigs
Authors: McLaughlin Patricia J. , Sassani Joseph W. , Zagon Ian S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the safety of topical naltrexone treatment in Göttingen swine. Efficacy of topical naltrexone was performed previously in Sprague‐Dawley rats. In this study, 25 male and female mini‐pigs received topical naltrexone once daily for 30 days. The gel at doses of 1%, 2%, and 10% naltrexone was applied at a dose volume of 0.01 ml/cm2 to an area of unbroken skin encompassing 10% of the animal's surface. Body and food consumption, skin and organ morphology, and clinical signs, including blood analyses were taken periodically. Naltrexone levels in serum were measured at the time of death. No adverse observations were made in the cutaneous skin, autopsied organs, or biochemical parameters. The no‐observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 2% topical application daily. The conclusions from the veterinarians and researchers are that topical naltrexone at 1% or 2% can be used safely in clinical efficacy studies.
Hypoxaemia in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Omar Massar , Omote Kazunori , Sorimachi Hidemi , Popovic Dejana , Kanwar Ardaas , Alogna Alessio , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Lim Kaiser G. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: June 2023

AimsIt is widely held that heart failure (HF) does not cause exertional hypoxaemia, based upon studies in HF with reduced ejection fraction, but this may not apply to patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here, we characterize the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical implications of exertional arterial hypoxaemia in HFpEF.Methods and resultsPatients with HFpEF (n = 539) and no coexisting lung disease underwent invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous blood and expired gas analysis. Exertional hypoxaemia (oxyhaemoglobin saturation <94%) was observed in 136 patients (25%). As compared to those without hypoxaemia (n = 403), patients with hypoxaemia were older and more obese. Patients with HFpEF and hypoxaemia had higher cardiac filling pressures, higher pulmonary vascular pressures, greater alveolar–arterial oxygen difference, increased dead space fraction, and greater physiologic shunt compared to those without hypoxaemia. These differences were replicated in a sensitivity analysis where patients with spirometric abnormalities were excluded. Regression analyses revealed that increases in pulmonary arterial and pulmonary capillary pressures were related to lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), especially during exercise. Body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with the arterial PaO2, and hypoxaemia was associated with increased risk for death over 2.8 (interquartile range 0.7–5.5) years of follow‐up, even after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (hazard ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.96; p = 0.046).ConclusionBetween 10% and 25% of patients with HFpEF display arterial desaturation during exercise that is not ascribable to lung disease. Exertional hypoxaemia is associated with more severe haemodynamic abnormalities and increased mortality. Further study is required to better understand the mechanisms and treatment of gas exchange abnormalities in HFpEF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C8‐Alkenylation of Isoquinolones with Maleimides
Authors: Manisha  , Chandra Devesh , Sharma Upendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H alkenylation of N‐protected isoquinolone with maleimides is reported. The carbonyl group of isoquinolone acts as an inherent directing group. Various N‐substituents in the maleimide, including alkyl, aryl, and even H and −OH, were well tolerated under the developed reaction condition. This protocol showed broad substrate scope, good selectivity, and excellent yields. Hammett plot is also drawn to check the effect of substituents on the reaction progress.
Catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk to selectively produce furfural over zeolite beta with post aluminum impregnation
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Mujahid , Aslam Rabya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present work, three zeolite‐beta based catalysts with post impregnation of aluminum are evaluated for conversion of rice husk to furfural at atmospheric pressure in the presence of sodium chloride as promoter. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and pyridine Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The activity of in house synthesized/modified catalysts is studied at preliminary optimized reaction conditions of 375°C and 47 min with variation in feed/catalyst/promoter ratio. Purity and yield of furfural was obtained by gas chromatography analysis with flame ionization detector in a batch reactor. Results shows that zeolite beta with 5 wt % post aluminum impregnation gave highest yield of bio‐oil (60.3 wt%) with 88% selectivity toward furfural in the presence of sodium chloride (5 wt% of feed) and sulfuric acid (10 wt% of feed).
Programming of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation with hyperdirect pathway and corticospinal tract‐guided parameter suggestions
Authors: Segura‐Amil Alba , Nowacki Andreas , Debove Ines , Petermann Katrin , Tinkhauser Gerd , Krack Paul , Pollo Claudio , Nguyen T. A. Khoa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. Stimulation of the hyperdirect pathway (HDP) may mediate the beneficial effects, whereas stimulation of the corticospinal tract (CST) mediates capsular side effects. The study's objective was to suggest stimulation parameters based on the activation of the HDP and CST. This retrospective study included 20 Parkinson's disease patients with bilateral STN DBS. Patient‐specific whole‐brain probabilistic tractography was performed to extract the HDP and CST. Stimulation parameters from monopolar reviews were used to estimate volumes of tissue activated and to determine the streamlines of the pathways inside these volumes. The activated streamlines were related to the clinical observations. Two models were computed, one for the HDP to estimate effect thresholds and one for the CST to estimate capsular side effect thresholds. In a leave‐one‐subject‐out cross‐validation, the models were used to suggest stimulation parameters. The models indicated an activation of 50% of the HDP at effect threshold, and 4% of the CST at capsular side effect threshold. The suggestions for best and worst levels were significantly better than random suggestions. Finally, we compared the suggested stimulation thresholds with those from the monopolar reviews. The median suggestion errors for the effect threshold and side effect threshold were 1 and 1.5 mA, respectively. Our stimulation models of the HDP and CST suggested STN DBS settings. Prospective clinical studies are warranted to optimize tract‐guided DBS programming. Together with other modalities, these may allow for assisted STN DBS programming.
Landscape and Regulatory Perspective on Oncology Drugs in Pregnancy
Authors: Leong Ruby , Grimstein Manuela , DeMaria Peter , Norsworthy Kelly J. , Fletcher Elimika Pfuma , Shord Stacy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCancers affecting pregnant women include breast cancer, melanoma, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias. The medical management of cancer during pregnancy with molecularly targeted oncology drugs remains quite challenging, with knowledge gaps about the drugs’ safety and efficacy due to exclusion of pregnant women from cancer clinical trials, discontinuation of individuals who become pregnant during clinical trials, and limited information on appropriate dosing of molecularly targeted oncology drugs during pregnancy. Physiological changes occur during pregnancy and may result in alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs used in pregnant women. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling that incorporates physiological changes induced by both the cancer disease state and pregnancy has the potential to inform dosing of molecularly targeted oncology drugs for pregnant women, improve our understanding of the pharmacokinetic changes associated with pregnancy in patients with cancer, facilitate the design of potential studies of molecularly targeted oncology drugs in pregnant women to support dosing recommendations, and provide model‐informed pharmacokinetic data to support regulatory decision making.
Improving Racial and Ethnic Equity in Clinical Trials Enrolling Pregnant and Lactating Individuals
Authors: Louis‐Jacques Adetola F. , Heuberger Anika J. , Mestre Cathleen T. , Evans Victoria F. , Wilson Roneé E. , Gurka Matthew J. , Lewis Tamorah R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRacial and ethnic marginalized populations have historically been poorly represented, underrecruited, and underprioritized across clinical trials enrolling pregnant and lactating individuals. The objectives of this review are to describe the current state of racial and ethnic representation in clinical trials enrolling pregnant and lactating individuals and to propose evidence‐based tangible solutions to achieving equity in these clinical trials. Despite efforts from federal and local organizations, only marginal progress has been made toward achieving equity in clinical research. This continued limited inclusion and transparency in pregnancy trials exacerbates health disparities, limits the generalizability of research findings, and may heighten the maternal child health crisis in the United States. Racial and ethnic underrepresented communities are willing to participate in research; however, they face unique barriers to access and participation. Multifaceted approaches are required to facilitate the participation of marginalized individuals in clinical trials including partnering with the local community to understand their priorities, needs, and assets; establishing accessible recruitment strategies; creating flexible protocols; supporting participants for their time; and increasing culturally congruent and/or culturally sensitive research staff. This article also highlights exemplars in pregnancy research.
Dynamic Glucose‐Enhanced Imaging of the Liver Using Breath‐Hold Black Blood Quantitative T1ρMRI at 3.0 T
Authors: Qian Yurui , Wong Vincent W.S. , Wang Yi‐Xiang , Hou Jian , Jiang Baiyan , Zhang Xinrong , Wong Grace L.H. , Chan Queenie , Yu Simon C.H. , Chu Winnie C.W. , Chen Weitian 
Published: June 2023

Evidence Level1Technical Efficacy Stage3
Characterizing the Myoarchitecture of the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Muscles With MRI Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Tous Cyril , Jodoin Alexandre , Pontré Beau , Grabs Detlev , Begon Mikael , Bureau Nathalie J. , Van Houten Elijah 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe societal cost of shoulder disabilities in our aging society keeps rising. Providing biomarkers of early changes in the microstructure of rotator cuff (RC) muscles might improve surgical planning. Elevation angle (E1A) and pennation angle (PA) assessed by ultrasound change with RC tears. Furthermore, ultrasounds lack repeatability.PurposeTo propose a repeatable framework to quantify the myocyte angulation in RC muscles.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSix asymptomatic healthy volunteers (1 female aged 30 years; 5 males, mean age 35 years, range 25–49 years), who underwent three repositioned scanning sessions (10 minutes apart) of the right infraspinatus muscle (ISPM) and supraspinatus muscle (SSPM).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; 12 gradient encoding directions, b‐values of 500 and 800 s/mm2).AssessmentEach voxel was binned in percentage of depth defined by the shortest distance in the antero‐posterior direction (manual delineation), i.e. the radial axis. A second order polynomial fit for PA across the muscle depth was used, while E1A described a sigmoid across depth: .Statistical TestsRepeatability was assessed with the nonparametric Wilcoxon's rank‐sum test for paired comparisons across repeated scans in each volunteer for each anatomical muscle region and across repeated measures of the radial axis. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the ISPM, E1A was constantly negative, became helicoidal, then mainly positive across the antero‐posterior depth, respective at the caudal, central and cranial regions. In the SSPM, posterior myocytes ran more parallel to the intramuscular tendon (), while anterior myocytes inserted with a pennation angle (). E1A and PA were repeatable in each volunteer (error < 10%). Intra‐repeatability of the radial axis was achieved (error < 5%).Data ConclusionElA and PA in the proposed framework of the ISPM and SSPM are repeatable with DTI. Variations of myocyte angulation in the ISPM and SSPM can be quantified across volunteers.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2