bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing CFRP damping with graphene nanoplatelets: experiments versus finite element analysis
Authors: Katsiropoulos Ch V , Giannopoulos G I , Pappas P , Galiotis C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the enhancement of damping properties in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites by incorporating graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into the epoxy matrix. Epoxy and CFRP specimens with varying GNP concentrations, were developed and tested through free vibration experiments to measure damping ratios. Additionally, a computational model based on the finite element method was developed to simulate the damping behavior of these hybrid nanocomposites. Using periodic representative volume elements under sinusoidal axial loads, the model accurately predicted damping performance by calculating the time lag between applied loads and resulting deformations. Comparison of numerical results with experimental data revealed a strong correlation, confirming the model’s effectiveness in capturing the influence of GNP mass fraction on damping enhancement.
Self-supervised parametric map estimation for multiplexed PET with a deep image prior
Authors: Pan Bolin , Marsden Paul K , Reader Andrew J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiplexed positron emission tomography (mPET) imaging allows simultaneous observation of physiological and pathological information from multiple tracers in a single PET scan. Although supervised deep learning has demonstrated superior performance in mPET image separation compared to purely model-based methods, acquiring large amounts of paired single-tracer data and multi-tracer data for training poses a practical challenge and needs extended scan durations for patients. In addition, the generalisation ability of the supervised learning framework is a concern, as the patient being scanned and their tracer kinetics may potentially fall outside the training distribution. In this work, we propose a self-supervised learning framework based on the deep image prior (DIP) for mPET image separation using just one dataset. In particular, we integrate the multi-tracer compartmental model into the DIP framework to estimate the parametric maps of each tracer from the measured dynamic dual-tracer activity images. Consequently, the separated dynamic single-tracer activity images can be recovered from the estimated tracer-specific parametric maps. In the proposed method, dynamic dual-tracer activity images are used as the training label, and the static dual-tracer image (reconstructed from the same patient data from the start to the end of acquisition) is used as the network input. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on a simulated brain phantom for dynamic dual-tracer [18F]FDG+[11C]MET activity image separation and parametric map estimation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional voxel-wise multi-tracer compartmental modeling method (vMTCM) and the two-step method DIP-Dn+vMTCM (where dynamic dual-tracer activity images are first denoised using a U-net within the DIP framework, followed by vMTCM separation) in terms of lower bias and standard deviation in the separated single-tracer images and also for the estimated parametric maps for each tracer, at both voxel and ROI levels.
Strain mapping and defects inspection of divertor targets by Bragg edge neutron imaging and neutron tomography
Authors: Minniti Triestino , Coppola Roberto , Kockelmann Winfried , Tremsin Anton S. , Roccella Selanna , Greuner Henri , You Jeong-Ha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The divertor target of a nuclear fusion reactor is a key in-vessel component with critical operational functions to exhaust particles at associated thermal power. For the European demonstration reactor (EU-DEMO, the maximum heat flux that peaks at the strike point is expected to reach 10 MWm−2 during a long pulse normal operation and up to 20–40 MWm−2 for slow transient events. The reliability and longevity of divertor targets compatible with the harsh and complex loading environment of a fusion power plant is the most crucial requirement to ensure power exhaust and thermal management. Therefore, the mechanical stability of the materials and the structural integrity of the components remain crucial requirements. Since 2014, the design and technology R&D activities for the DEMO divertor have been conducted in the framework of the Work Package Divertor of the EUROfusion Consortium. In late 2020, the preconcept design phase of the DEMO fusion reactor reported that uncertainty of stress states of divertor target components brought by fabrication processes and after high heat flux loads is one critical issue that needs to be addressed soon. Such residual stresses are often unknown from both an experimental and a modelling point of view. This work aims to shed light on this issue by Bragg edge neutron imaging of divertor mock-ups to determine residual strain distributions before and after high-heat flux tests. Moreover, non-destructive evaluations of the structural integrity of such divertor mock-ups have been performed by neutron tomography measurements.
The BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation with external magnetic field and the first-order phase transition
Authors: Watanabe Shuji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We deal with a type I superconductor in a constant external magnetic field. We obtain the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation with external magnetic field and apply the implicit function theorem to it. We show that there is a unique magnetic field (the critical magnetic field) given by a smooth function of the temperature and that there is also a unique nonnegative solution (the gap function) given by a smooth function of both the temperature and the external magnetic field. Using the grand potential, we show that the transition from the normal state to the superconducting state in a type I superconductor is of the first order. Moreover we obtain the explicit expression for the entropy gap.
Spectra and transport of probability and energy densities in a

PT

-symmetric square well with a delta-function potential
Authors: Ricardo Torres Arvizu Francisco , Ortega Adrian , Larralde Hernán 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the spectrum, eigenstates and transport properties of a simple

P

T

-symmetric model consisting in a finite, complex, square well potential with a delta potential at the origin. We show that as the strength of the delta potential increases, the system exhibits exceptional points accompanied by an accumulation of density associated with the break in the

P

T

-symmetry. We also obtain the density and energy density fluxes and analyze their transport properties. We find that in the

P

T

-symmetric phase transport is efficient, in the sense that all the density that flows into the system at the source, flows out at the sink, which is sufficient to derive a generalized unitary relation for the transmission and reflection coefficients.
Valorization of crop by-products into bio-based dental materials: advancements and prospects
Authors: Mikulewicz Marcin , Chojnacka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The objective of this review is to deepen understanding and emphasize scientific and technological progress in the transformation of crop by-products into bio-based dental materials. Amid heightened environmental sustainability consciousness, various sectors including dentistry have achieved novel advancements by utilizing bio-based materials from crop by-products for dental restorations. This paper provides a thorough review of the extraction, processing, and application of natural polymers, biopolymers, and bio-based mixtures at both the macroscopic and nanoscopic scales, with a focus on their contextualization within dental practices. The performance and efficacy of bio-resins, bio-sourced monomers, and biopolymers derived from these resources were scrutinized and compared with traditional petroleum-based counterparts. This study addresses the recycling and industrial valorization of bio-based dental materials, emphasizing their potential to foster a circular economy in dentistry.
Numerical study of transition in lid-driven flow in cavities with a semicircular round bottom
Authors: Pan Tsorng-Whay , Li Ang , Chiu Shang-Huan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, three-dimensional lid-driven flows in cavities with a semicircular round bottom are studied. We have first focused on lid-driven flow in a semicircular cavity with a unit square moving lid and height 1/2. The critical Reynolds number

R

e
cr

for the transition from steady flow to unsteady one has been obtained. Based on the averaged velocity field in one cycle of fluid flow motion, the flow difference between the averaged one and velocity field, called oscillation mode, at several time instances in such cycle shows an almost identical pattern for several Reynolds numbers close to

R

e
cr

. This similarity indicates the oscillation mode associated with the Hopf bifurcation originated at Re less than

R

e
cr

. For lid-driven flow in a cavity with a semicircular round bottom and height one, its oscillation mode shows a periodic change of local secondary flows associated with Hopf bifurcation and pairs of Taylor–Görtler-like vortices are obtained.
Optical skyrmions: from fundamentals to applications
Authors: Yang Aiping , Kong Aru , Meng Fanfei , Chen Xusheng , Lin Min , Shi Peng , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong , Wang Biao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Skyrmions are topologically protected quasi-particles that have aroused substantial interest in nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. For instance, magnetic skyrmions are regarded as having potential applications in high-density information storage due to their ultracompact size, topologically protected stability, and low driven current. Recently, optical analogs have been discovered in light field, known as optical skyrmions. With similar intriguing properties, research on optical skyrmions has grown dramatically. Several types of optical skyrmions defined by various optical parameters have been uncovered. Along with the fundamental physics studies, methods for generating, modifying, and detecting optical skyrmions have also been developed, which in turn enriches the toolkit for light field modulation and detection. It has shown promising applications in high-precision positioning, information storage, and optical communication. In this paper, we begin with the fundamental theory and then introduce generalized classes of optical skyrmions, with a particular emphasis on optical spin skyrmions. We discuss their generation, modulation, and detection methods. Additionally, we highlight the emerging applications of optical skyrmions, showcasing the potential of these unique properties for future advancements.
Enhanced AMD detection in OCT images using GLCM texture features with Machine Learning and CNN methods
Authors: R Loganathan , S Latha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Global blindness is substantially influenced by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It significantly shortens people’s lives and severely impairs their visual acuity. AMD is becoming more common, requiring improved diagnostic and prognostic methods. Treatment efficacy and patient survival rates stand to benefit greatly from these upgrades. To improve AMD diagnosis in preprocessed retinal images, this study uses Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features for texture analysis. The selected GLCM features include contrast and dissimilarity. Notably, grayscale pixel values were also integrated into the analysis. Key factors such as contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity were identified as the primary focuses of the study. Various supervised machine learning (ML) and CNN techniques were employed on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image datasets. The impact of feature selection on model performance is evaluated by comparing all GLCM features, selected GLCM features, and grayscale pixel features. Models using GSF features showed low accuracy, with OCTID at 23% and Kermany at 54% for BC, and 23% and 53% for CNN. In contrast, GLCM features achieved 98% for OCTID and 73% for Kermany in RF, and 83% and 77% in CNN. SFGLCM features performed the best, achieving 98% for OCTID across both RF and CNN, and 77% for Kermany. Overall, SFGLCM and GLCM features outperformed GSF, improving accuracy, generalization, and reducing overfitting for AMD detection. The Python-based research demonstrates ML’s potential in ophthalmology to enhance patient outcomes.
rule4ml: an open-source tool for resource utilization and latency estimation for ML models on FPGA
Authors: Rahimifar Mohammad Mehdi , Rahali Hamza Ezzaoui , Therrien Audrey C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Implementing machine learning (ML) models on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is becoming increasingly popular across various domains as a low-latency and low-power solution that helps manage large data rates generated by continuously improving detectors. However, developing ML models for FPGAs is time-consuming, as optimization requires synthesis to evaluate FPGA area and latency, making the process slow and repetitive. This paper introduces a novel method to predict the resource utilization and inference latency of neural networks (NNs) before their synthesis and implementation on FPGA. We leverage HLS4ML, a tool-flow that helps translate NNs into high-level synthesis (HLS) code, to synthesize a diverse dataset of NN architectures and train resource utilization and inference latency predictors. While HLS4ML requires full synthesis to obtain resource and latency insights, our method uses trained regression models for immediate pre-synthesis predictions. The prediction models estimate the usage of block RAM, digital signal processors, flip-flops, and look-Up tables, as well as the inference clock cycles. The predictors were evaluated on both synthetic and existing benchmark architectures and demonstrated high accuracy with R
2 scores ranging between 0.8 and 0.98 on the validation set and sMAPE values between 10% and 30%. Overall, our approach provides valuable preliminary insights, enabling users to quickly assess the feasibility and efficiency of NNs on FPGAs, accelerating the development and deployment processes. The open-source repository can be found at https://github.com/IMPETUS-UdeS/rule4ml, while the datasets are publicly available at https://borealisdata.ca/dataverse/rule4ml.
“May the great ‘I am’ bless and protect you”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Jackson’s first decade in Nashville. Arriving in the rough frontier town in 1788, Jackson built a fortune through his law practice, trade, and land speculation. He became one of the region’s leading men despite a controversial marriage after supposedly stealing Rachel Donelson Robards from her husband. Following North Carolina’s cession of its western lands to the federal government, Jackson emerged as a political lieutenant for Territorial Governor William Blount. As a delegate to Tennessee’s state constitutional convention, Jackson’s votes revealed his commitment to religious freedom, but in general, faith seemed a secondary concern for him in these years, despite his wife’s piety and the outbreak of revivals nearby. Still, he often expressed his continuing belief in orthodox Christianity, and he considered his participation in a Masonic order complementary to his religion.
“my reputation is dearer to me than life”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter relates the shift in Jackson’s reputation from one of Tennessee’s leading men to becoming a controversial and, to many, disreputable figure. Jackson entered Congress as a Jeffersonian Republican shortly before turning thirty, but a financial setback compelled his resignation after serving only a few years. He managed to avoid bankruptcy, but his commitment to Southern Honor produced several confrontations, most notably a well-publicized feud with the popular Tennessee governor John Sevier and a dispute that led to his killing Charles Dickinson, a well-liked young lawyer, in a duel. The encounter with Dickinson left a bullet lodged in Jackson’s chest, while Jackson’s supposed involvement in the Burr Conspiracy and his criticism of General James Wilkinson led many to suspect him of treason. Jackson turned forty, ostracized from many of his peers, with little political influence, and, he suspected, no longer a significant public figure.
“We want them . . . free from colision with the whites”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Jackson’s Indian Removal policy. Jackson considered Native Americans distinct yet primitive peoples. Though he long fought Indians, he could show respect and compassion toward individuals and took in some Native children as wards, including the well-known Lyncoya. Never, though, did he favor the Indians’ assimilation into white society. As president, Jackson considered Natives to be conquered peoples under federal authority, and moving roughly 100,000 Natives to the west became his primary objective. The policy met strong religious and political resistance, most notably from Jeremiah Evarts and Theodore Frelinghuysen, but Jackson dismissed accounts of the Indians’ “civilization” while insisting that his “just and humane policy” would preserve the nations. While he believed in removal’s benefits, implementing the policy proved brutal and cruel and culminated in the infamous “Trail of Tears.” Whatever his intentions, Removal ultimately marked the darkest stain on Jackson’s presidency.
“My negroes shall be treated humanely”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter reviews Jackson’s entanglement with slavery throughout his life. Jackson’s career as a slaveholder proved complicated. As a cotton planter, he owned approximately 160 slaves when he died. He could punish slaves harshly, he never questioned slavery’s existence, and he freed no slaves in his will. At the same time, he took seriously Christian ministers’ admonitions to act as kind and just masters. He recognized his slaves as humans and always tried to make sure they had sufficient provisions, encouraging slaves to form families on his plantation and frequently instructing overseers to treat his slaves “humanely.” As president, he suspected that anxieties about slavery lay behind South Carolina’s attempt to nullify federal law. Still, while defeating nullification, he likewise opposed the Abolitionist movement as a similar attempt to stir passions over slavery to achieve political ends.
“I await with resignation the call of my god”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The final chapter relates Jackson’s last years following his presidency. He left office personally popular, but he experienced poor health and grieved the passing of friends and family members. Financial difficulties also troubled him, and his son’s business naiveté encouraged a close friendship with his daughter-in-law, Sarah Yorke Jackson. Still, Jackson overall lived the relatively comfortable life of a Southern planter, and despite reservations about the Presbyterian doctrines of predestination and regeneration, he joined the local Hermitage church. Advising President Van Buren through the Panic of 1837, Jackson ruefully abandoned Van Buren when his friend opposed the annexation of Texas, and James K. Polk’s election in 1844 convinced him that providence placed the nation in good hands. He died shortly after Polk’s inauguration, with eulogists noting Jackson’s Christian convictions while celebrating his national contributions.
Children and Infants in Judahite Family Tombs
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Judahite ideal, as expressed in the Hebrew Bible, was to die and be placed in the family tomb. Theories of the Judahite afterlife often refer to a cult of the ancestors that is venerated by living family members. This chapter problematizes the definition of such a cult by exploring the place of children within the Judahite afterlife, arguing that Judahites included all members of the family in the family tomb in order to emphasize the family, not ancestral, collective. Applied to the remains and grave goods found in bench tomb repository pits, theories of differentiated and partible personhood argue strongly for the incorporation of infants and children into the Judahite household of death. When considered alongside other markers of Judahite ethnicity, namely Judean pillar figurines and infant circumcision, the inclusion of infants within Judahite family tombs provides remarkable insights into the type of personhood bestowed upon Judahite children.
The Death of Children in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Hebrew Bible prohibits child sacrifice, especially passing one’s child through fire. Yet no archaeological evidence of child sacrifice like that found at Carthage has ever been found in ancient Israel, raising the question of whether it actually occurred. It is suggested that cremations are represented in the biblical text as sacrificed individuals who were passed over fire. The polemics against these sacrifices can be understood as polemics against foreign, “non-Judahite” burials. In a world where exile was either about to happen or had happened, where the biblical writers saw foreign influences trickling into every aspect of life, the ethnic identity bound up in Judahite burial became especially important. The biblical writers wished to uphold a cult in which infants and children retained their place in the household; therefore, they emphasized what they saw as the proper means of burial in order to keep the Judahite family united together in death.
Normative Reasons
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter develops the canonical Reasoning View about normative reasons for action. It begins with a simple version of the view, and in four “passes” introduces additional complexity to make the view plausible. The complexities involve the idea that reasons are factive, a minimality condition, the normative significance of an agent’s contingent concerns (their desires, cares, etc.), and the defeasibility of the norms of reasoning. Special attention is paid to the distinction between outweighing and disabling reasons. It develops a rigorous account of pro tanto reasons, disablers, intensifiers, attenuators, and enablers. The chapter responds to published objections to the Reasoning View about normative reasons due to John Brunero, Eva Schmidt, and others.
Introduction
Authors: Stauff Derek L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter sets out the book’s major focus, issues, and challenges. Concentrating on Electoral Saxony during the 1620s and 1630s allows us to treat a well-documented but previously neglected period when intense religious tension divided the main warring parties. Although most Lutheran sacred music from this era is now divorced from its original contexts, a layer of political and confessional significance can often be restored by adopting a two-pronged approach: first, starting with the music by itself, investigating its scriptural texts, showing how Lutheran writers of the era interpreted these texts in ways that could become political, and asking whether the composers themselves helped to encourage similar interpretations; and second, the view from outside, that is, examining the music’s larger historical setting, where it was performed or published, and how this context shaped the music’s meaning. The results work to show the meaning of specific pieces and collections of Lutheran music, which frequently resonated on multiple levels within a single performance, simultaneously addressing Imperial and local politics. Yet, against a strong theory of confessionalization, which might see this repertoire as an agent dividing Lutherans from rivals, this book’s findings rather support the more modest idea that listeners were at least positioned to recognize the political and confessional significance in this music, even if we can never measure its direct effects on their political thinking and action.