bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Past and Future Paid Medical Malpractice Claims
Authors: Hyman David A. , Lerner Joshua , Magid David J. , Black Bernard 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceMany physicians believe that most medical malpractice claims are random events. This study assessed the association of prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future paid claims; whether public disclosure of prior paid claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time.ObjectiveTo examine the association of 1 or more prior paid medical malpractice claims with future paid claims.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study assessed the association between prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future claims; whether public disclosure of prior claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time. This retrospective case-control study included all 881 876 licensed physicians in the US. All data analysis took place between July, 2018 and January, 2023.ExposurePaid medical malpractice claims.Main Outcome and MeasuresAssociation between a prior paid medical malpractice claim and likelihood of a paid claim in a future period, compared with simulated results expected if paid claims are random events. Using the same outcomes, we also assessed whether public disclosure of paid claims affects future paid claim rates.ResultsThis study included all 881 876 physicians licensed to practice in the US at the time of the study. Overall, 3.3% of the 841 961 physicians with 0 paid claims in the prior period had 1 or more claims in the future period vs 12.4% of the 34 512 physicians with 1 paid claim in the prior period; 22.4% of the 4189 physicians with 2 paid claims in the prior period; and 37% of the 1214 physicians with 3 paid claims in the prior period. The association between prior claims and future claims was similar for high-medical-malpractice-risk and lower-risk specialties; 1 prior-period claim was associated with a 3.1 times higher likelihood of a future-period claim for high-risk specialties (95% CI, 2.8-3.4) vs a 4.2 times higher likelihood for lower-risk specialties (95% CI, 3.8-4.6). The predictive power of a prior paid claim for future claims declined gradually as the time since the prior claim increased, for prior or future periods up to 10 years. Public disclosure did not affect the association between prior and future paid claims.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of paid medical malpractice claims for all US physicians, a single prior paid claim was associated with substantial, long-lived higher future claim risk, independent of whether a physician was practicing in a high- or low-risk specialty, or whether a state publicly disclosed paid claims. Timely, noncoercive intervention, including education, has the potential to reduce future claims.
Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US
Authors: Qiu Xinye , Shi Liuhua , Kubzansky Laura D. , Wei Yaguang , Castro Edgar , Li Haomin , Weisskopf Marc G. , Schwartz Joel D. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceEmerging evidence has suggested harmful associations of air pollutants with neurodegenerative diseases among older adults. However, little is known about outcomes regarding late-life mental disorders, such as geriatric depression.ObjectiveTo investigate if long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis among older adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based longitudinal cohort study consisted of US Medicare enrollees older than 64 years. Data were obtained from the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Conditions Warehouse. The participants were continuously enrolled in the Fee-for-Service program and both Medicare Part A and Part B. After the 5-year washout period at entry, a total of 8 907 422 unique individuals were covered over the study period of 2005 to 2016, who contributed to 1 526 690 late-onset depression diagnoses. Data analyses were performed between March 2022 and November 2022.ExposuresThe exposures consisted of residential long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), measured in micrograms per cubic meter; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), measured in parts per billion; and ozone (O3), measured in parts per billion.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLate-life depression diagnoses were identified via information from all available Medicare claims (ie, hospital inpatient, skilled nursing facility, home health agency, hospital outpatient, and physician visits). Date of the first occurrence was obtained. Hazard ratios and percentage change in risk were estimated via stratified Cox proportional hazards models accounting for climate coexposures, neighborhood greenness, socioeconomic conditions, health care access, and urbanicity level.ResultsA total of 8 907 422 Medicare enrollees were included in this study with 56.8% being female individuals and 90.2% being White individuals. The mean (SD) age at entry (after washout period) was 73.7 (4.8) years. Each 5-unit increase in long-term mean exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 was associated with an adjusted percentage increase in depression risk of 0.91% (95% CI, 0.02%-1.81%), 0.61% (95% CI, 0.31%- 0.92%), and 2.13% (95% CI, 1.63%-2.64%), respectively, based on a tripollutant model. Effect size heterogeneity was found among subpopulations by comorbidity condition and neighborhood contextual backgrounds.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study among US Medicare enrollees, harmful associations were observed between long-term exposure to air pollution and increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis.
Clinical Outcomes and Hospital Utilization Among Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery With Telemedicine Preoperative Care
Authors: Hlavin Callie , Ingraham Phoebe , Byrd Tamara , Hyre Nathan , Gabriel Lucine , Agrawal Nishant , Allen Laura , Kenkre Tanya , Watson Andrew , Kaynar Murat , Ahmed Bestoun , Courcoulas Anita 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceBariatric surgery is the mainstay of treatment for medically refractory obesity; however, it is underutilized. Telemedicine affords patient cost and time savings and may increase availability and accessibility of bariatric surgery.ObjectiveTo determine clinical outcomes and postoperative hospital utilization for patients undergoing bariatric surgery who receive fully remote vs in-person preoperative care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study comparing postoperative clinical outcomes and hospital utilization after telemedicine or in-person preoperative surgical evaluation included patients treated at a US academic hospital. Participants underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy after telemedicine or in-person preoperative surgical evaluation between July 1, 2020, to December 22, 2021, or January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, respectively. Follow-up was 60 days from date of surgery.ExposuresTelemedicine-based preoperative care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical outcomes, including operating room delay, procedure duration, length of hospital stay (LOS), and major adverse events (MAE), and postoperative hospital resource utilization, including emergency department (ED) visit or hospital readmission within 30 days of the surgical procedure.ResultsA total of 1182 patients were included; patients in the telemedicine group were younger (mean [SD] age, 40.8 [12.5] years vs 43.0 [12.2] years; P = .01) and more likely to be female (230 of 257 [89.5%] vs 766 of 925 [82.8%]; P = .01) compared with the control group. The control group had a higher frequency of comorbidity (887 of 925 [95.9%] vs 208 of 257 [80.9%]; P &amp;lt; .001). The telemedicine group was found to be noninferior to the control group with respect to operating room delay (mean [SD] minutes, 7.8 [25.1]; 95% CI, 5.1-10.5 vs 4.2 [11.1]; 95% CI, 1.0-7.4; P = .002), procedure duration (mean [SD] minutes, 134.4 [52.8]; 95% CI, 130.9-137.8 vs 105.3 [41.5]; 95% CI, 100.2-110.4; P &amp;lt; .001), LOS (mean [SD] days, 1.9 [1.1]; 95% CI, 1.8-1.9 vs 2.1 [1.0]; 95% CI, 1.9-2.2; P &amp;lt; .001), MAE within 30 days (3.8%; 95% CI, 3.0%-5.7% vs 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-3.9%; P = .001), MAE between 31 and 60 days (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.3%-3.3% vs 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-3.9%; P &amp;lt; .001), frequency of ER visits (18.8%; 95% CI, 16.3%-21.4% vs 17.9%; 95% CI, 13.2%-22.6%; P = .03), and hospital readmission (10.1%; 95% CI, 8.1%-12.0% vs 6.6%; 95% CI, 3.9%-10.4%; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, clinical outcomes in the telemedicine group were not inferior to the control group. This observation suggests that telemedicine can be used safely and effectively for bariatric surgical preoperative care.
3D‐Printed Robust Dual Superlyophobic Ti‐Based Porous Structure for Switchable Oil/Water Emulsion Separations
Authors: Yang Yu , Ren Zhiying , Zhou Chunhui , Lin Youxi , Hou Linxi , Shi Linwei , Zhong Shuncong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSmart surfaces with responsive wettability are unstable, and depend upon continuous external stimuli, which limits their widespread application in switchable oil/water emulsions separations. In this study, a Ti‐based 3D porous structure (SLM‐3DTi) is printed using advanced selective laser melting (SLM) technology for the switchable separation of oil/water emulsion. With the assistance of the computer program, porous structure and re‐entrant texture can be easily designed and printed in one step. Without any continuous external stimulus, the wettability of SLM‐3DTi can be reversibly switched between underwater superoleophobicity and underoil superhydrophobicity simply by drying and washing cycles. The SLM‐3DTi achieves switchable surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsion (SSE(o/w)) and surfactants‐stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsion (SSE(w/o)) separation with purity above 99.8% at a flux of more than 2000 L m−2 h−1. In addition, the re‐entrant texture of the SLM‐3DTi surface is formed with the partially melting powder particles on the part contour, which has much stronger mechanical durability than any binder. Furthermore, SLM‐3DTi has excellent corrosion resistance due to the material properties of Ti. More importantly, based on the visualization analysis of the simulation, the mechanism of SLM‐3DTi emulsion separation is further elucidated. Therefore, SLM‐3DTi has broad practical application potential for high‐flux, high‐purity, and switchable oil/water emulsion separation.
Structural Symmetry Impressing Carrier Dynamics of Halide Perovskite
Authors: Guo Huajun , Yi Shenghui , Yang Shuai , Jiao Yinan , Qin Shengjian , Li Rui , Wang Ye , Li Hao , Xia Yuanhua , Zhang Yang , Liang Zishang , Yan Rongrong , Liu Huan , Zhao Jinjin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been one of the most promising materials for the photoelectric, electro‐optical, and all‐optical conversion devices, thanks to their excellent energy conversion. To investigate the energy conversion induced by structural symmetry, herein, the carrier dynamics and dielectric properties in MHPs are surveyed and reviewed as the microscopic and macroscopic bridge, respectively. The intrinsic correlations between the structural symmetry broken, carrier dynamics, and energy conversion performance are systematically analyzed by considering the energy band structures and dielectric constants. The internal energy conversion mechanisms are elucidated to pave the way for the perovskite advanced applications.
Reaction Site Designation by Intramolecular Electric Field in Tröger's‐Base‐Derived Conjugated Microporous Polymer for Near‐Unity Selectivity of CO2 Photoconversion
Authors: Tang Zheng , Xu Shengyu , Yin Nan , Yang Yong , Deng Qinghua , Shen Jinyou , Zhang Xiaoyue , Wang Tianyu , He Huichao , Lin Xiangyang , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo facilitate solar‐driven overall CO2 and H2O convsersion into fuels and O2, a series of covalent microporous polymers derived from Tröger's base are synthesized featuring flexural backbone and unusual charge‐transfer properties. The incorporation of rigid structural twist Tröger's base unit grants the polymers enhanced microporosity and CO2 adsorption/activation capacity. Density function theory calculations and photo‐electrochemical analyses reveal that an electric dipole moment (from negative to positive) directed to the Tröger's base unit is formed across two obliquely opposed molecular fragments and induces an intramolecular electric field. The Tröger's base unit located at folding point becomes an electron trap to attract photogenerated electrons in the molecular network, which brings about suppression of carrier recombination and designates the reaction site in synergy with the conjugated network. In response to the discrepancy in reaction pathways across the reaction sites, the product allocation in the catalytic reaction is thereby regulated. Optimally, CMP‐nTB achieves the highest photocatalytic CO production of 163.53 µmol g−1 h−1 with approximately unity selectivity, along with H2O oxidation to O2 in the absence of any photosensitizer or co‐catalyst. This work provides new insight for developing specialized artificial organic photocatalysts.
Exploring Optimal Water Splitting Bifunctional Alloy Catalyst by Pareto Active Learning
Authors: Kim Minki , Kim Yesol , Ha Min Young , Shin Euichul , Kwak Seung Jae , Park Minhee , Kim Il‐Doo , Jung Woo‐Bin , Lee Won Bo , Kim YongJoo , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesign of bifunctional multimetallic alloy catalysts, which are one of the most promising candidates for water splitting, is a significant issue for the efficient production of renewable energy. Owing to large dimensions of the components and composition of multimetallic alloys, as well as the trade‐off behavior in terms of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotentials for bifunctional catalysts, it is difficult to search for high‐performance bifunctional catalysts with multimetallic alloys using conventional trial‐and‐error experiments. Here, an optimal bifunctional catalyst for water splitting is obtained by combining Pareto active learning and experiments, where 110 experimental data points out of 77946 possible points lead to effective model development. The as‐obtained bifunctional catalysts for HER and OER exhibit high performance, which is revealed by model development using Pareto active learning; among the catalysts, an optimal catalyst (Pt0.15Pd0.30Ru0.30Cu0.25) exhibits a water splitting behavior of 1.56 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This study opens avenues for the efficient exploration of multimetallic alloys, which can be applied in multifunctional catalysts as well as in other applications.
Ultrathin Acoustic Holography
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Ming‐Hao , Li Zong‐Lin , Zou Xin‐Ye , Zhu Xue‐Feng , Liang Bin , Cheng Jian‐Chun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow to realize acoustic holography via ultradeep‐subwavelength structures is a challenging problem in the past decades, which is thought impossible due to the linear proportional relationship between the structural thickness and acoustic wavelength. In this article, the methodology of ultrathin holography by patterning holes in an acoustic insulation plate with an ultradeep‐subwavelength thickness is introduced. The transmitted sound field can be manipulated arbitrarily to form a desired shape by designing the ultrathin pattern based on the nonlocal wave interaction theory. The physical mechanism of the nonlocal behavior to achieve a sophisticated hologram is revealed due to the interaction among the sound wave components themselves. Furthermore, the experiments are designed to map out the pressure amplitude field of a “sun” pattern in air and water, respectively. The work demonstrates the advantage of nonlocal ultrathin holography in the applications of ultrathin acoustic devices and provides inspiration for the holographic wave manipulation.
Thorium‐Doped Lithium Fluoride Single Crystal: A Potential Promising Candidate for Solid State Nuclear Optical Clock Materials
Authors: Gong Qiaorui , Zhao Chengchun , Tao Siliang , Hang Yin , Zhu Shining , Ma Longsheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe solid‐state nuclear optical clock based on 229Th‐doped crystal has great advantages in frequency stability, excitation and detection of nuclear transition, miniaturization, commercialization, and spaceborne ability of nuclear optical clock. Here, the potential of LiF crystal as a host for Th ions is predicted by theoretical calculation, and on this basis, the Th:LiF crystal is successfully grown experimentally for the first time. The theoretical results demonstrate that although the challenges of charge nonconservation and ion radius mismatch between Li+ and Th4+ ions exist, effective doping of thorium can still be achieved via energetically favorable charge compensation mechanisms in an F‐rich environment, and the transmittance of Th:LiF crystal in nuclear transition band will only have a slight decrease, smaller than that of pure LiF crystal. The experimental results prove that the doping concentration of Th:LiF crystal can reach about 8.3 × 1018 cm−3 and the transmittances of 1 mm thick Th:LiF and pure LiF crystal samples grown in similar conditions are ≈68% and 72% at 152.7 nm, respectively. The Th:LiF crystal with high doping concentration, high transmittance, and low background luminescence is expected to be a promising candidate for solid‐state nuclear optical clock materials.
Enabling Single‐Cell Drug Response Annotations from Bulk RNA‐Seq Using SCAD
Authors: Zheng Zetian , Chen Junyi , Chen Xingjian , Huang Lei , Xie Weidun , Lin Qiuzhen , Li Xiangtao , Wong Ka‐Chun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) quantifies the gene expression of individual cells, while the bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA‐seq) characterizes the mixed transcriptome of cells. The inference of drug sensitivities for individual cells can provide new insights to understand the mechanism of anti‐cancer response heterogeneity and drug resistance at the cellular resolution. However, pharmacogenomic information related to their corresponding scRNA‐Seq is often limited. Therefore, a transfer learning model is proposed to infer the drug sensitivities at single‐cell level. This framework learns bulk transcriptome profiles and pharmacogenomics information from population cell lines in a large public dataset and transfers the knowledge to infer drug efficacy of individual cells. The results suggest that it is suitable to learn knowledge from pre‐clinical cell lines to infer pre‐existing cell subpopulations with different drug sensitivities prior to drug exposure. In addition, the model offers a new perspective on drug combinations. It is observed that drug‐resistant subpopulation can be sensitive to other drugs (e.g., a subset of JHU006 is Vorinostat‐resistant while Gefitinib‐sensitive); such finding corroborates the previously reported drug combination (Gefitinib + Vorinostat) strategy in several cancer types. The identified drug sensitivity biomarkers reveal insights into the tumor heterogeneity and treatment at cellular resolution.
A Balance between Pro‐Inflammatory and Pro‐Reparative Macrophages is Observed in Regenerative D‐MAPS
Authors: Liu Yining , Suarez‐Arnedo Alejandra , Shetty Shamitha , Wu Yaoying , Schneider Michelle , Collier Joel H. , Segura Tatiana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroporous annealed particle scaffolds (MAPS) are a new class of granular materials generated through the interlinking of tunable microgels, which produce an interconnected network of void space. These microgel building blocks can be designed with different mechanical or bio‐active parameters to facilitate cell infiltration and modulate host response. Previously, changing the chirality of the microgel crosslinking peptides from L‐ to D‐amino acids led to significant tissue regeneration and functional recovery in D‐MAPS‐treated cutaneous wounds. In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of D‐MAPS in a subcutaneous implantation model is investigated. How macrophages are the key antigen‐presenting cells to uptake and present these biomaterials to the adaptive immune system is uncovered. A robust linker‐specific IgG2b/IgG1 response to D‐MAPS is detected as early as 14 days post‐implantation. The fine balance between pro‐regenerative and pro‐inflammatory macrophage phenotypes is observed in D‐MAPS as an indicator for regenerative scaffolds. The work offers valuable insights into the temporal cellular response to synthetic porous scaffolds and establishes a foundation for further optimization of immunomodulatory pro‐regenerative outcomes.
Brain perfusion, cognition, and plasma Alzheimer's biomarkers in moyamoya disease
Authors: Zou Xiang , Liao Yujun , Jiang Conglin , Yuan Yifan , Zhao Fan , Ding Ding , Chen Liang , Xu Bin , Mao Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBecause growing interest has been focusing on cerebral blood flow (CBF) to predict, prevent, and treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to clarify the role of CBF in AD pathology and cognitive decline.METHODSIn a moyamoya disease (MMD) cohort, we examined CBF, specific cognitive domains, and plasma AD biomarkers, as well as correlations among these variables.RESULTSCBF was significantly reduced in newly diagnosed MMD patients, while plasma phosphorylated tau181 was elevated and positively correlated with hypoperfusion accumulation. MMD patients scored significantly lower than controls in multiple cognitive tests. Revascularization increased CBF to the recipient brain territories as well as cognitive performance but produced no significant change in AD biomarker levels.DISCUSSIONThese data suggest a link between accumulated reductions in CBF and cognitive decline, as well as a possible role of AD‐like pathological burden. Further studies in MMD will provide opportunities to explore new treatment strategies.
Preparation of Na3V2(PO4)3 sodium‐ion battery cathode material
Authors: Shang Jianping , Ma Yuqin , Shawn Fan Hua‐Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe polyanionic sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3) cathode materials have many electrochemical applications because they have a stable lattice structure, high structural stability, good theoretical specific energy, a stable voltage plateau, and high thermodynamic stability. In this study, the sol–gel method was used to prepare carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C) sodium‐ion cathode materials. The synthesis conditions of different ratios of sodium and carbon sources were investigated. In addition, extractable elements (B, Cl, etc.) from brine were doped into NVP/C to improve the electrical conductivity of the electrode materials. SEM, XRD, EDX, charge/discharge test, and cyclic voltammetry characterizations were used to evaluate the morphology, element distribution, and the electrochemical performance of the modified materials. The results showed that the prepared samples are pure phases with small and uniform particle sizes, which are more favorable for sodium‐ion de‐embedding and improving the electrochemical properties of the materials. The electrochemical properties of the experimentally prepared B‐NVP/C and Cl‐NVP/C were all improved compared to the pure phase NVP/C.