bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Authors: zhu yuchang , Wang Xujian , Yuan Meng , Tang Fuxue , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background This study aimed to observe the effect of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Methods Eighty children scheduled for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: esketamine group (S-ketamine group, n = 40) and control group (control group, n = 40). Before anesthesia induction, the S-ketamine group received an intravenous injection of esketamine at 0.5 mg/kg, whereas the control group was given the same dose of sodium chloride injection. For the maintenance of anesthesia, the S-ketamine group was treated with propofol of 8–12 mg/kg/h, remifentanil of 0.1–0.4 µg/kg/min, and esketamine of 0.125 mg/kg/h, while the control group was treated with propofol of 8–12 mg/kg/h and remifentanil of 0.1–0.4 µg/kg/min. Both groups were treated with intravenous inhalation combined with general anesthesia. The operation time, recovery time, postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time, and adverse reactions within 48 h after operation were observed and recorded. The face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) pain scale score was evaluated at 15 min (T1), 1 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 12 h (T4), 24 h (T5), and 48 h (T6) after the operation. The emergence agitation score (pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium [PAED]) was evaluated in 15 min (T1) and 1 h (T2) after the operation. The plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured at T0 and T3.
Results There were no significant differences in operation time, recovery time, and PACU stay time between the two groups (p > 0.05). At T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, the FLACC pain scores of the S-ketamine group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The PAED scores at T1 and T2 in the S-ketamine group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Compared with T0, the plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations at T3 in the two groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the increase in the S-ketamine group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Esketamine used in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy can effectively reduce postoperative FLACC, PAED score, and levels of inflammatory factors without increasing adverse reactions.
Maize pollen diet enhances malaria mosquito longevity and infectivity to Plasmodium parasites in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Shilimat , Wegayehu Teklu , Eligo Nigatu , Tamiru Girum , Lindtjørn Bernt , Massebo Fekadu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although larval diet quality may affect adult mosquito fitness, its impact on parasite development is scarce. The effects of ultraviolet-sterilized Zea mays, Typha latifolia and Prosopis juliflora plant pollen diets on larval development, pupation rate, adult survival, and parasite infectivity were investigated. Four treatment groups and two control groups were used for each pollen diet, and each experimental tray had 25 larvae. Control larvae fed on Tetramin fish food. Female An. arabiensis were starved overnight and exposed to infectious blood using a membrane-feeding technique. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used for analysis. The Z. mays pollen diet increased malaria mosquito survival and pupation rate (91.3%) and adult emergence (85%). Zea mays and Tetramin fish food had comparable adulthood development times. Adults who emerged from larvae fed Z. mays pollen had the longest average wing length (3.72mm) and were more permissive to P. vivax (45%) and P. falciparum (27.5%). They also survived longer after feeding on infectious blood and had the highest number of P. vivax oocysts. Z. mays pollen improved larval development, survival, and adult infectivity to Plasmodium. Our findings suggest that malaria transmission in Z. mays growing villages should be monitored.
Conventional specimen radiography in breast conserving therapy: A useful tool for intraoperative margin assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Schaefgen Benedikt , Haller Annabelle , Sinn Hans-Peter , Feisst Manuel , Gomez Christina , Stieber Anne , Nees Juliane , Togawa Riku , Pfob André , Hennigs André , Hederer Johanna , Riedel Fabian , Fastner Sarah , Heil Jörg , Golatta Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A previous study in our breast unit showed that the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative specimen radiography and its potential to reduce second surgeries in a cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were low, which questions the routine use of Conventional specimen radiography (CSR) in this patient group. This is a follow up study in a larger cohort to further evaluate these findings.
Methods
This retrospective study included 376 cases receiving breast conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) of primary breast cancer. CSR was performed to assess potential margin infiltration and recommend an intraoperative re-excision of any radiologically positive margin. The histological workup of the specimen served as gold standard for the evaluation of the accuracy of CSR and the potential reduction of second surgeries by CSR-guided re-excisions.
Results
362 patients with 2172 margins were assessed. The prevalence of positive margins was 102/2172 (4.7%). CSR had a sensitivity of 37.3%, a specificity of 85.6%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11,3% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.5%. The rate of secondary procedures was reduced from 75 to 37 with a number needed to treat (NNT) of CSR guided intraoperative re-excisions of 10.
In the subgroup of patients with cCR, the prevalence of positive margins was 38/1002 (3.8%), PPV was 6.5% and the NNT was 34.
Conclusion
This study confirms our previous finding that the rate of secondary surgeries cannot be significantly reduced by CSR-guided intraoperative re-excisions in cases with cCR after NACT. The routine use CSR after NACT is questionable and alternative tools of intraoperative margin assessment should be evaluated.
Predictive model for long-term weight recovery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an introduction to a web calculator
Authors: Jeon Chul Hyo , Park Ki Bum , Kim Sojung , Seo Ho Seok , Song Kyo Young , Lee Han Hong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Weight changes after gastrectomy affect not only quality of life but also prognosis and survival. However, it remains challenging to predict the weight changes of individual patients. Using clinicopathological variables, we built a user-friendly tool to predict weight change after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Methods
The clinical data of 984 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify variables predictive of postoperative weight change. A nomogram was developed and verified via bootstrap resampling.
Results
Age, sex, performance status, body mass index, extent of resection, pathological stage, and postoperative weight change significantly influenced postoperative weight recovery. Postoperative levels of hemoglobin, albumin, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity were significant covariates. The nomogram performed well (concordance index = 0.637); calibration curves indicated appropriate levels of agreement. We developed an online weight prediction calculator based on the nomogram (http://gc-weightchange.com/en/front/).
Conclusions
The novel, Web-calculator based on the predictive model allows surgeons to explore patient weight patterns quickly. The model identifies patients at high risk for weight loss after gastrectomy; such patients require multidisciplinary medical support.
Microbial adaptation to spaceflight is correlated with bacteriophage-encoded functions
Authors: Irby Iris , Broddrick Jared 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Evidence from the International Space Station suggests microbial populations are rapidly adapting to the spacecraft environment; however, the mechanism of this adaptation is not understood. Bacteriophages are prolific mediators of bacterial adaptation on Earth. We surveyed 245 genomes sequenced from bacterial strains isolated on the International Space Station for dormant (lysogenic) bacteriophages. Our analysis indicated phage-associated genes are significantly different between spaceflight strains and their terrestrial counterparts. Additionally, we identified 283 complete prophages, those that could initiate bacterial lysis and infect additional hosts, of which 46% are novel. These prophage regions encode functions that are correlated with increased persistence in extreme environments, such as spaceflight, to include antimicrobial resistance and virulence, DNA damage repair, and dormancy. Our results correlate microbial adaptation in spaceflight to bacteriophage-encoded functions that may impact human health in spaceflight.
Sex Differences of the shared Genetic landscapes between Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease in East Asians and Europeans
Authors: Lu Zhiya , Zhang Haoyang , Yang Yuanhao , Zhao Huiying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a critical risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the sex differences in genetic basis, causality, and underlying mechanisms of the two diseases are still unclear. Using sex-stratified and ethnic-based GWAS summary, we explored the genetic correlation and causal relationship between T2D and PAD in both ethnicities and sexes by linkage disequilibrium score regression, LAVA and six Mendelian Randomization approaches. We observed stronger genetic correlations between T2D and PAD in females than males in East Asians and Europeans. East Asian females exhibit higher causal effects of T2D on PAD than males. The gene-level analysis found KCNJ11 and ANK1 genes associated with the cross-trait of T2D and PAD in both sexes. Our study provides genetic evidence for the sex difference of genetic correlations and causal relationships between PAD and T2D, indicating the importance of using sex-specific strategies for monitoring PAD in T2D patients.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid reveals the expansion of innate lymphoid cells with upregulated transposable elements in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mosaddeghi Pouria , Farahmandnejad Mitra , Zarshenas Mohammad M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often immune-mediated demyelinating disease with no absolute treatment. Transposable elements (TEs) are getting more attention as a possible culprit in neurodegenerative disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study to examine the possible association of TE expression and its potential role in MS pathogenesis at the single-cell level.
Result:
In this study, we reanalyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Our result revealed that TEs are overexpressed in a cluster, annotated as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Moreover, the enrichment analysis of the associated transcription factors (TFs) with highly upregulated TEs in ILCs revealed the relevance of the TFs with immune pathways and cis-regulatory regions in DNA.
Conclusions:
We propose that upregulated TEs in ILCs are in accordance with the plasticity of ILCs as TEs could insert themselves in coding or regulatory regions of immune-related genes, and represent themselves as immune-related TF binding sites. We also hypothesize that presenting the TE-derived antigens by ILCs with overexpressed TEs could re-activate T cell-mediated immunity in the CNS of MS patients. So this study could indicate a possible mechanism that is mediated by TEs in ILC plasticity and their possible role in MS pathogenicity. Also, we suggest that repurposing the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or developing new high-efficacy NRTIs would be a feasible approach in MS treatment.
Influence of Self-efficacy on Pilots’ Capability to Handle Special Situations: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Qiu Rui , Gong Yue , Cao Yang , You Xuqun , Zhu Xia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the mediating and moderating effects of resilience and perseverance on pilots’ self-efficacy and capability of handling special situations.
Methods
Using cluster sampling, 251 pilots’ self-efficacy, special flight situation handling capability, resilience and perseverance were assessed using standardized scales.
Results
Pilots with high self-efficacy can improve their resilience to enhance their capability to handle special situations. An analysis was performed that included perseverance in the mediation model, and results showed that the influence of self-efficacy on special situation handling through resilience was moderated by perseverance.
Conclusion
The relations between self-efficacy and special flight situation handling capability present a moderated mediation model. A pilot’s capability of handling special situations, ensuring flight safety and combat capability may be enhanced by improving their self-efficacy, resilience, and perseverance.
Mental Health Conditions in the Postpartum Period: A Scoping Study
Authors: Ojomo Oluwaseun , Alesinloye-King Oluwapelumi , Erlandsson Kerstin , Ängeby Karin , Envall Niklas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Many women experience mental health disorders during the postpartum period, which can develop into chronic or recurrent conditions and might have negative consequences on the quality of parent-infant interactions, long-term mental health of the mother, the family, as well as child development. We aimed to Summarize the current literature on mental health disorders during the postpartum period; from 2 to 52 weeks after childbirth.
Methods
In this scoping study electronic databases were systematically searched for primary studies published in English between January 2016 and December 2022, and we performed an additional quality appraisal. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and inductive content analysis for qualitative data were used.
Results
The final body of literature consisted of 34 articles. Three key categories were identified and used to summarize the literature: mental health screening instruments, postpartum mental health conditions, and associated factors with postpartum mental health. Seventeen different screenings instruments were identified, whereof the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was the most used. The periods during which the participant’s mental health screening evaluation was conducted varied from four to 52 weeks postpartum, and both single and multiple mental health screenings were common. Six mental health conditions were covered, whereof postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety were the most common. Family and partner support were identified as critical factors associated with development of postpartum menatal health conditions, as well as a history of previous mental health- or medical disorders prior to peripartum. Furhermore, the COVID-19 pandemic had impact on social support, resulting in increased levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as postpartum anxiety.
Conclusion
Offering a spectrum of support services and care should be made available to all relevant subgroups of mothers throughout pregnancy and up to one year after birth, especially for mothers with pre-existing mental health conditions. Future studies are needed on postpartum psychosis, the effect of long-term postpartum mental health conditions on the child’s well-being, and the fathers’ mental health requires further attention.
The effects of novel macrocyclic chelates on the targeting properties of the 68Ga-labeled Gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist RM2
Authors: Wang Yinwen , Yuan Hongmei , Tang Sufan , Liu Yang , Cai Ping , Liu Nan , Chen Yue , zhou Zhijun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) is a molecular target for the visualization of prostate cancer. Bombesin (BN) analogs are short peptides with a high affinity for GRPr. DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM2) is a bombesin-based antagonist. It has been demonstrated that RM2 have superior in vivo biodistribution and targeting properties than high-affinity receptor agonists. This study developed new RM2-like antagonists by introducing the novel bifunctional chelators AAZTA5 and DATA5m to RM2. The effects of different macrocyclic chelating groups on drug targeting properties and the possibility of preparing 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals in a kit-based protocol were investigated using 68Ga-labeled entities. Both new RM2 variants were labelled with 68Ga3+ resulting in high yields, stability, and low molarity of the ligand. DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 incorporated 68Ga3+ nearly quantitatively at room temperature within 3–5 min, and the labelling yield for 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 was approximately 10% under the same conditions. 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 showed stronger hydrophilicity according to partition coefficient. Although the maximal cellular uptake values of the three compounds were similar, 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 and 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 peaked more rapidly. Biodistribution studies showed high and specific tumor uptake, with a maximum of 9.12 ± 0.81 percentage injected activity per gram of tissue (%ID/g) for 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 and 7.82 ± 0.61%ID/g for 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 at 30 min after injection.
Conclusions. The conditions for complexation of DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 with gallium-68 are milder, faster and require less amount of precursors than DOTA-RM2. Chelators had an evident influence on the pharmacokinetics and targeting properties of 68Ga-X-RM2 derivatives. Positively charged 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 provided a high tumor uptake, high image contrast and good capability of targeting GRPr.
The General Linear Model and Minimal Research Compendiums: An Approach to Assure Statistical Validity in Digital Humanities Research
Authors: Siddiqui Nabeel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There has been little research on what specific statistical techniques humanities scholars should focus on in their training to assure reproducibility. This article addresses this gap by illuminating the importance of the general linear model (GLM) in statistical research. Drawing on best practices in the social sciences asking to make the GLM the cornerstone for statistical training, this article provides examples of how the GLM works and its assumptions. It then details how to create a “minimal research compendium” focused on a series of steps in R to assure reproducibility when using the GLM and how the GLM underlies more advanced statistical techniques. Overall, the goal of the article is to encourage humanities scholars to join scientists in developing a culture that supports best practices for reproducibility and statistical accuracy.
ncRNAs-mediated high expression of POSTN correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Jianxin , Chen Wangsheng , Yang Qingqiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Screening hub genes to provide new basis for diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Potential biomarkers for human CRC were identified and validated by bioinformatic analysis based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, and the correlations between the biomarkers and tumor immune cell infiltration were analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) project. Subsequently, upstream regulatory ncRNA of the potential biomarkers was identified to construct a novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in CRC, and functional annotation of the ceRNA network was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results
A total of 950 DEGs were screened, including 539 downregulated genes and 411 upregulated genes. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in cell adhesion, inflammatory response, signal transduction and protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Wnt-signaling pathway, Metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathway, and Pathways in cancer. The PPI network was constructed with 827 nodes and 4568 edges. 4 key modules and 10 hub genes were selected by Cytoscape software. The survival analysis revealed that high POSTN expression and low IL1B expression were related to worse survival in patients with CRC. In addition, the expression of IL1B and POSTN had significant correlation with multiple tumor immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints. Finally, NR2F2-AS1/miR-425-5p and AC016747.1/miR-576-5p were identified as upstream regulatory ncRNAs that could potentially bind POSTN in human CRC.
Conclusion
NR2F2-AS1/miR-425-5p and AC016747.1/miR-576-5p may regulate the progression of CRC by targeting POSTN.
Predictors of	Post Partum Sepsis Directly Related to Pnuemonia Among Post-Partum Women at Finote Selam General Hospital, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Ayele Habtamu , Baye Fekadu , Bishaw Geremew , Ayele Almaw 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Puerperal Sepsis is an inflammatory response to the infection of the female reproductive system caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic pathogens. It affects women during or within six weeks of childbirth. For these,identification of determinants of puerperal sepsis reduces the health and economic impact through early detection and intervention. Though studies were conducted on puerperal sepsis in Ethiopia, there is a lack of information on its determinants of puerperal sepsis directly related to pneumonia in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of puerperal sepsis among post-partum women at Finote Selam General Hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2022.
Method: Institutional based unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 10, 2022, to July 15, 2022, on post-partum women of 220 (55 cases and 165 controls with a 1:3 case-control ratio determined by the Open Epi version 3. Cases and controls were extracted by consecutive sampling. A structured face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist were used. Data were entered and analyzed using EPI data version 4.4.2.1 and SPSS version 25, respectively.Variables with a p-value ≤0.25 in the bi-variable logistic analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Hosmer and Lemeshow’s goodness-of-fit test and Multicollinearity were checked. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05 along with, 95% Confidence Interval.
Result: The result of multiple logistics regression revealed that the odds of developing PS directly related with post-partum pneumonia were caesarean delivery (AOR=2.802, 95 %CI: 1.207, 6.502), hypertension (AOR=2.431, 95% CI: 1.257, 4.700), history of anemia (AOR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.145, 0.811 were determinants of post-partum pneumonia.
Conclusion: majority of the determinants were obstetric related.