bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definitive management of near‐hanging at major versus non‐major trauma centres
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Maiden Matthew J , Read David , Nehme Ziad , Bernard Stephen , Cameron Peter A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Victorian State Trauma System recommends that all major trauma patients receive definitive care at a major trauma service (MTS). The aim of the present study was to assess the outcomes of patients with major trauma after near‐hangings who received definitive management at an MTS compared to a non‐MTS.MethodsThis was a registry‐based cohort study of all adult (age ≥16 years) patients with near‐hanging included in the Victorian State Trauma Registry from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2019. Outcomes of interest were death at hospital discharge, time to death and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) score of 5–8 (favourable) at 6 months.ResultsThere were 243 patients included and 134 (55.1%) in‐hospital deaths. Among patients presenting to a non‐MTS, 24 (16.8%) were transferred to an MTS. There were 59 (47.6%) deaths at an MTS and 75 (63.0%) at a non‐MTS (odds ratio [OR] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.89). However, more patients were managed at a non‐MTS after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (58.8% vs 50.8%) and less patients had serious neck injury (0.8% vs 11.3%). After adjustment for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests and serious neck injury, management at an MTS was not associated with mortality (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.61; 95% CI 0.23–1.65) or favourable GOSE at 6 months (aOR 1.09; 95% CI 0.40–3.03).ConclusionsAfter major trauma sustained from near‐hanging, definitive management at an MTS did not offer a mortality benefit or better functional outcomes. Consistent with current practice, these findings suggest that most near‐hanging related major trauma patients could be managed safely at a non‐MTS.
Immobilized glucoamylase based on ZIF‐8: Preparation, response surface optimization, characterization
Authors: Zong Xuyan , Huang Min , Wen Lei , Li Yuanyi , Li Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 was prepared using ZIF‐8 material as the carrier in this study. The preparation process was optimized by response surface methodology, and the stability of glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 was determined. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the optimum preparation process of glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 was 1.65 mol 2‐methylimidazole, 5.85 mL glucoamylase, 33°C stirring temperature, 90 min stirring time, and 84.0230% ± 0.6006% embedding rate. At 100°C, the free glucoamylase completely lost its activity, whereas the glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 still had a retained enzyme activity of 12.0123% ± 0.86158%; at pH 3–6, the highest activity of glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 was 95.9531% ± 0.96181%, and about 80% of glucoamylase activity could be retained under alkaline conditions. When the ethanol concentration was 13%, the retained enzyme activity was 7.9316% ± 0.19805%, significantly higher than free enzymes. The Km of glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 and free enzyme were 1235.6825 and 80.317 mg/mL, respectively. Vmax was 0.2453 and 0.149 mg/(mL min), respectively. The appearance, crystal strength, and thermal stability of glucoamylase@ZIF‐8 were improved after optimization, and they had high reusability.
Diagnostic accuracy of a simple qualitative ultrasound assessment for the diagnosis of empty stomach in the adult: A supplementary analysis of a prospective observer‐blind randomized crossover study
Authors: Bouvet Lionel , Desgranges François‐Pierrick , Barnoud Sophie , Cordoval Julien , Chassard Dominique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that qualitative ultrasound assessment performed in the semi‐upright position had high sensitivity to detect gastric fluid volume >1.5 mL.kg−1. Nevertheless, the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative assessment for the diagnosis of empty stomach (fluid volume <0.8 mL.kg−1) has not been assessed. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of simple qualitative ultrasound assessment with and without head‐of‐bed elevation to 45° for the diagnosis of an empty stomach. We also aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a composite ultrasound scale and clinical algorithm.MethodsWe performed a supplementary analysis of a prospective observer‐blind randomized crossover trial in which adult fasting volunteers attended two distinct sessions, with the head‐of‐bed angled either at 0° or 45°, in a randomized order. Three tests were performed within each session, each corresponding to a different (either 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mL) and randomized volume of water; the same volumes were ingested in both sessions, in a randomized order. Ultrasounds were performed 3 min after water ingestion, blindly to the volume ingested.ResultsWe included 20 volunteers in whom 120 measurements were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of the qualitative assessment in the semirecumbent position were 93% (95% CI: 68–100) and 89% (95% CI: 76–96), respectively. The composite scale and clinical algorithm did not have better diagnostic accuracy than the qualitative assessment performed with head‐of‐bed elevation. Without head‐of‐bed elevation, the clinical algorithm had significantly higher specificity (98% [95% CI: 88–100]) than qualitative assessment (67% [95% CI: 51–80]; p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that qualitative assessment in the semirecumbent position had high diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of fluid volume <0.8 mL.kg−1; this method can be used in clinical practice for reliable diagnosis of empty stomach.
Patient perspectives on emergency department initiation of medication for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Forsgren Ethan , Steiger Athreya , Perez Yesenia , Salazar David , McCollough Maureen , Taira Breena R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of preventable death and is a frequent diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). Treatment in the ED, however, typically focuses on managing the sequelae of AUD, such as acute withdrawal, rather than addressing the underlying addiction. For many patients, these ED encounters are a missed opportunity to connect with medication for AUD. In 2020, our ED created a pathway to offer patients with AUD treatment with naltrexone (NTX) during their ED visit. The aim of this study was to identify what barriers and facilitators patients perceive to NTX initiation in the ED.MethodsAdopting the theoretical framework of the behavior change wheel (BCW), we conducted qualitative interviews with patients to elicit their perspectives on ED initiation of NTX. Interviews were coded and analyzed using both inductive and deductive approaches. Themes were categorized according to patients’ capabilities, opportunities, and motivations. Barriers were then mapped through the BCW to design interventions that will improve our treatment pathway.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients with AUD were interviewed. Facilitators of accepting NTX included having recently experienced sequelae of AUD, rapid management of withdrawal symptoms by the ED provider, having a choice between intramuscular and oral formulations of the medication, and experiencing positive interactions in the ED that destigmatized the patient's AUD. Barriers to accepting treatment included lack of provider knowledge about NTX, dependence on alcohol as self‐treatment for psychiatric trauma and physical pain, perceived discriminatory treatment and stigma about AUD, aversion to potential side effects, and lack of access to continued treatment.ConclusionsInitiation of treatment of AUD with NTX in the ED is acceptable to patients and can be facilitated by knowledgeable ED providers who create a destigmatizing environment, effectively manage withdrawal symptoms, and connect patients to providers who will continue treatment.
Implementation of an emergency department back pain clinical management tool on the early diagnosis and testing of spinal epidural abscess
Authors: Cai Angela G. , Zocchi Mark S. , Carlson Jestin N. , Bedolla John , Pines Jesse M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare, catastrophic condition for which diagnostic delays are common. Our national group develops evidence‐based guidelines, known as clinical management tools (CMT), to reduce high‐risk misdiagnoses. We study whether implementation of our back pain CMT improved SEA diagnostic timeliness and testing rates in the emergency department (ED).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study before and after implementation of a nontraumatic back pain CMT for SEA in a national group. Outcomes included diagnostic timeliness and test utilization. We used regression analysis to compare differences before (January 2016–June 2017) and after (January 2018–December 2019) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) clustered by facility. We graphed monthly testing rates.ResultsIn 59 EDs, pre versus post periods included 141,273 (4.8%) versus 192,244 (4.5%) back pain visits and 188 versus 369 SEA visits, respectively. After implementation, SEA visits with prior related visits were unchanged (12.2% vs. 13.3%, difference +1.0%, 95% CI –4.5% to 6.5%). Mean number of days to diagnosis decreased but not significantly (15.2 days vs. 11.9 days, difference −3.3 days, 95% CI −7.1 to 0.6 days). Back pain visits receiving CT (13.7% vs. 21.1%, difference +7.3%, 95% CI 6.1% to 8.6%) and MRI (2.9% vs. 4.4%, difference +1.4%, 95% CI 1.0% to 1.9%) increased. Spine X‐rays decreased (22.6% vs. 20.5%, difference 2.1%, 95% CI –4.3% to 0.1%). Back pain visits receiving erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C‐reactive protein increased (1.9% vs. 3.5%, difference +1.6%, 95% CI 1.3% to 1.9%).ConclusionsBack pain CMT implementation was associated with an increased rate of recommended imaging and laboratory testing in back pain. There was no associated reduction in the proportion of SEA cases with a related prior visit or time to SEA diagnosis.
β‐Pinene + ethanol attracts more red turpentine beetles than carene+ ethanol, with or without traces of frontalin, at prescribed burn or thinned sites
Authors: Kelsey Rick G. , Westlind Douglas J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), previously responded more strongly to (−)‐β‐pinene + ethanol than (+)‐3‐carene + ethanol lures at sites burned the prior year by wildfire in Oregon and northeastern California, whereas at a thinned‐unburned Arizona site (+)‐3‐carene + ethanol was the stronger attractant. This discrepancy was further examined to tease apart whether D. valens attraction varies by region or previous forest disturbance types.
Here, (−)‐β‐pinene + ethanol and (+)‐3‐carene + ethanol lures were tested in pine stands at two Oregon sites disturbed the previous year by a prescribed burn or thinning only. Both lures were tested also with or without trace amounts of the pheromone frontalin, as its presence enhanced attractions in China but had not been tested in North America.
At both sites, regardless of prior forest disturbance, (−)‐β‐pinene + ethanol lures attracted the most beetles. Lures releasing trace frontalin attracted more beetles than their corresponding lures without it at both sites, except in one case.
Overall, previous year disturbances from disparate management treatments had minimal influence on lure attraction to D. valens. For detection, monitoring or management (−)‐β‐pinene + ethanol + frontalin in trace amounts attracts the most beetles of lures tested to date in Pacific Northwest pine forests.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of amikacin in preterm and term neonates with late‐onset sepsis. Can saliva samples replace plasma samples?
Authors: Samb Amadou , Sinkeler Fleur , Bijleveld Yuma A. , van Kaam Anton , de Haan Timo R. , Mathôt Ron 
Published: June 2023

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is frequently used for the treatment of neonatal late‐onset sepsis, for which therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is advised. In order to decrease the TDM associated burden of plasma sampling, a noninvasive TDM method using saliva samples was investigated.MethodsThis was a prospective single‐centre, observational feasibility study with 23 premature and term neonates from whom up to 8 saliva samples were collected, together with residual plasma from clinical routine. Amikacin concentrations in saliva and plasma were quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic model of amikacin in plasma and saliva and for the identification of covariates. TDM performance of different sampling regimens was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations in a fictional cohort of representative neonates (n = 10 000).ResultsAmikacin could be detected in saliva and a saliva compartment was appended to a 2‐compartment plasma model. First‐order absorption (k13) of the saliva compartment was 0.0345 h−1 with an interindividual variability of 45.3%. The rate of first‐order elimination (k30) was 0.176 h−1. Postmenstrual age had a significant negative covariate effect on k13, with an exponent of −4.3. Target attainment increased from 77.6 to 79.2% and from 79.9 to 83.2% using 1–to 5 saliva samples or 1–5 plasma samples, respectively.ConclusionTDM of amikacin using saliva samples results in target attainment comparable to plasma samples and may be beneficial for (premature) neonates with late‐onset sepsis.
Australian daily cannabis users' use of police avoidance strategies and compensatory behaviours to manage the risks of drug driving
Authors: Mills Laura , Freeman James , Rowland Bevan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDaily use of cannabis is increasing in Australia, yet there is limited understanding of the driving behaviours within this cohort, including how they perceive and manage the risks of being apprehended for drug driving and involved in a crash after consumption.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 487 Australians who reported daily cannabis use (30% medically prescribed patients, 58% male).ResultsCurrent drug driving (i.e., driving within 4 h of consuming cannabis each week) was reported by 86% of participants. Future drug driving was anticipated by 92% of the sample. While most participants (93%) disagreed that their risk of crash increased following cannabis use, participants reported that they would drive more carefully (89%), leave greater headway (79%) and/or drive slower (51%) following cannabis consumption. Half of the sample (53%) perceived the risk of apprehension for drug driving to be likely to some extent. Strategies to reduce the likelihood of being detected were used by 25% of participants, and included using Facebook police location sites (16%), driving on back roads (6%) and/or consuming substances to mask the presence of drugs (13%). The regression analysis revealed that individuals who reported more occasions of cannabis use per day, and who perceived that cannabis does not reduce driving ability, reported a greater extent of current drug driving.Discussion and ConclusionsInterventions and education which aim to challenge this perception that ‘cannabis does not reduce driving ability’ may prove important for reducing drug driving among the most frequent consumers of cannabis.
Citizen science can complement professional invasive plant surveys and improve estimates of suitable habitat
Authors: Dimson Monica , Berio Fortini Lucas , Tingley Morgan W. , Gillespie Thomas W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimCitizen science is a cost‐effective potential source of invasive species occurrence data. However, data quality issues due to unstructured sampling approaches may discourage the use of these observations by science and conservation professionals. This study explored the utility of low‐structure iNaturalist citizen science data in invasive plant monitoring. We first examined the prevalence of invasive taxa in iNaturalist plant observations and sampling biases associated with these data. Using four invasive species as examples, we then compared iNaturalist and professional agency observations and used the two datasets to model suitable habitat for each species.LocationHawai'i, USA.MethodsTo estimate the prevalence of invasive plant data, we compared the number of species and observations recorded in iNaturalist to botanical checklists for Hawai'i. Sampling bias was quantified along gradients of site accessibility, protective status and vegetation disturbance using a bias index. Habitat suitability for four invasive species was modelled in Maxent, using observations from iNaturalist, professional agencies and stratified subsets of iNaturalist data.ResultsiNaturalist plant observations were biased towards invasive species, which were frequently recorded in areas with higher road/trail density and vegetation disturbance. Professional observations of four example invasive species tended to occur in less accessible, native‐dominated sites. Habitat suitability models based on iNaturalist versus professional data showed moderate overlap and different distributions of suitable habitat across vegetation disturbance classes. Stratifying iNaturalist observations had little effect on how suitable habitat was distributed for the species modelled in this study.Main ConclusionsOpportunistic iNaturalist observations have the potential to complement and expand professional invasive plant monitoring, which we found was often affected by inverse sampling biases. Invasive species represented a high proportion of iNaturalist plant observations, and were recorded in environments that were not captured by professional surveys. Combining the datasets thus led to more comprehensive estimates of suitable habitat.
Molecular regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis and related diseases
Authors: Zhu Lin , He Chunyu , Guo Yuhao , Liu Huirong , Zhang Suli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe metabolism of cells and blood circulation allow for the constant production and destruction of red blood cells. Erythrocyte formation allows red blood cells to regenerate, which is crucial for maintaining the equilibrium of the organism. Erythrocyte formation is a multi‐step, intricate process with distinct structural and functional characteristics at each stage. Erythropoiesis is regulated by a number of signaling pathways; malfunctional regulatory mechanisms may result in disease and aberrant erythropoiesis. Therefore, this article focuses on a review of the erythroid formation process, related signaling pathways, and red blood cell lineage diseases.
Motor resonance to non‐visible postural adaptation: A novel aspect of the mirror mechanism
Authors: Bolzoni Francesco , Montanari Beatrice , Farinelli Veronica , Adamo Paola , Temporiti Federico , Marino Giorgia , Fesce Riccardo , Gatti Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe activation of the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) has been described to reflect visible movements, but not postural, non‐visible, adaptations that accompany the observed movements. Since any motor act is the result of a well‐tailored dialogue between these two components, we decided to investigate whether a motor resonance to nonvisible postural adaptations could be detected. Possible changes in soleus corticospinal excitability were investigated by eliciting the H‐reflex during the observation of three videos, corresponding to three distinct experimental conditions: ‘Chest pass’, ‘Standing’ and ‘Sitting’, and comparing its size with that measured during observation of a control videoclip (a landscape). In the observed experimental conditions, the Soleus muscle has different postural roles: a dynamic role in postural adaptations during the Chest pass; a static role while Standing still; no role while Sitting. The H‐reflex amplitude was significantly enhanced in the ‘Chest pass’ condition compared to the ‘Sitting’ and ‘Standing’ conditions. No significant difference was found between ‘Sitting’ and ‘Standing’ conditions. The increased corticospinal excitability of the Soleus during the ‘Chest pass’ condition suggests that the mirror mechanisms produce a resonance to postural components of an observed action, although they may not be visible. This observation highlights the fact that mirror mechanisms echo non intentional movements as well and points to a novel possible role of mirror neurons in motor recovery.
Cognitive disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease: Approaches to prevention and treatment
Authors: Pépin Marion , Klimkowicz‐Mrowiec Aleksandra , Godefroy Olivier , Delgado Pilar , Carriazo Sol , Ferreira Ana Carina , Golenia Aleksandra , Malyszko Jolanta , Grodzicki Tomasz , Giannakou Konstantinos , Paolisso Giuseppe , Barbieri Michelangela , Garneata Liliana , Mocanu Carmen Antonia , Liabeuf Sophie , Spasovski Goce , Zoccali Carmine , Bruchfeld Annette , Farinha Ana , Arici Mustafa , Capasso Giovambattista , Wiecek Andrzej , Massy Ziad A. ,   the CONNECT (Cognitive Decline in Nephro‐Neurology: European Cooperative Target) Action
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and early intervention may prevent the progression of this condition.MethodsHere, we review interventions for the complications of CKD (anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, metabolic acidosis, harmful effects of dialysis, the accumulation of uremic toxins) and for prevention of vascular events, interventions that may potentially be protective against cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we discuss nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods to prevent cognitive impairment and/or minimize the latter's impact on CKD patients' daily lives.ResultsA particular attention on kidney function assessment is suggested during work‐up for cognitive impairment. Different approaches are promising to reduce cognitive burden in patients with CKD but the availabe dedicated data are scarce.ConclusionsThere is a need for studies assessing the effect of interventions on the cognitive function of patients with CKD.
Effect of starter inoculation proportions on the attributes of a superior new variety Osmanthus glutinous rice‐fermented milk beverages
Authors: Li Ziqi , Shao Yanchun , Gong Yunxia , Wu Wanrong , Cao Lerui , Li Baixue , Lu Youyou 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to reveal different inoculation proportions starters (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) on the quality of Osmanthus glutinous rice fermented‐milk1/2/3 (GRFM1/2/3), which was a superior new variety of glutinous rice with rich nutrition, but its refined development was still lacking. The results showed during fermentation stages, pH of GRFM1 decreased faster (6.95 ± 0–4.67 ± 0.02), and acidity increased faster (25 ± 0–78.33 ± 2.89°T). In 21‐day preservation period, Day11 was an important turning point. At the begin of storage period, there were 7 main categories of volatile flavour compounds (VFCs): esters, alcohols, acids, ketones, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and phenols, but the main different VFCs were hexanal. At the end, main VFCs differences were propane, 2‐chloro‐2‐nitro, etc. In brief, GRFM1 was the best inoculation proportions starter in superior new variety Osmanthus glutinous rice‐fermented milk for quality properties.