bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a school‐based nutrition educational intervention on knowledge related to iron deficiency anaemia in rural Karnataka, India: A mixed methods pre–post interventional study
Authors: Salam Shumona Sharmin , Ramadurg Umesh , Charantimath Umesh , Katageri Geetanjali , Gillespie Bronwen , Mhetri Jayaraj , Patil Shrinivas , Mallapur Ashalata , Karadiguddi Chandrashekhar , Vastrad Phaniraj , Dandappanavar Ashwini , Roy Subarna , Peerapur Basavaraj , Goudar Shivaprasad , Anumba Dilly O. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the extent to which adolescent awareness about anaemia and anaemia prevention can be changed by nutrition messages received at school.DesignMixed‐methods pre–post intervention study.SettingThree government schools in Bagalkot, Belagavi and Raichur districts of Karnataka, India.PopulationStudents of grade six and seven and teachers involved in implementing the intervention.MethodsAn educational intervention was co‐developed by school teachers and nutrition experts using locally adapted resource materials that consisted of lectures, role play and practical demonstrations. Seven half‐hour educational sessions were delivered by school teachers over 7 weeks to 455 students. Pre‐ and post‐intervention tests measured changes in adolescents' knowledge about anaemia. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with teachers and focus groups with students explored their reactions to the intervention.Main outcome measuresKnowledge score related to anaemia.ResultsThe percentage of children with correct scores increased by 7.3–49.0 percentage points for the tested questions after implementation of the intervention. The mean knowledge score increased by 3.67 ± 0.17 (p < 0.01). During interviews, teachers and students highlighted high acceptance of the intervention and materials, an increase in awareness, a positive attitude towards changing behaviour around diet, an increase in the demand for iron and folic acid supplements and improved sharing of messages learned with peers and families. Challenges expressed included need for further training, time limitations and hesitancy in teaching about menstruation and pregnancy.ConclusionsEducational interventions carried out for adolescents by teachers in schools are effective in improving awareness and attitude related to anaemia and its prevention.
Role of prices in driving the variation in spending across medical groups
Authors: Mehrotra Ateev , Parker Emily D. , Koep Eleena , Liu Pang‐Hsiang , Chernew Michael E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the relative role of prices versus utilization in the variation in total spending per patient across medical groups.Data SourcesWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of medical claims for commercially insured adults from a large national insurer in 2018.Study DesignAfter assigning patients to a medical group based on primary care visits in 2018, we calculated total medical spending for each patient in that year. Total spending included care provided by clinicians within the medical group and care provided by other providers, including hospitals. It did not include drug spending. We estimated the case mix adjusted spending per patient for each medical group. Within each market, we categorized medical groups into quartiles based on the group's spending per patient. To decompose spending variation into price versus utilization, we compared spending differences between highest and lowest quartile medical groups under two scenarios: (1) using actual prices (2) using a standardized price (same price used for a given service across the nation).Principal FindingsIn total, 3,921,736 patients were assigned to 7284 medical groups. Per‐patient spending in the highest quartile of spending medical groups was $1813 higher than per‐patient spending in the lowest spending quartile of medical groups (50% higher relative spending). This overall difference was primarily driven by differences in inpatient care, imaging, and specialty care. In the scenario where we used standardized prices, the difference in spending between medical groups in the top and bottom quartiles decreased to $1425, implying that 79% of the $1813 difference in spending between the top and bottom quartile groups is explained by utilization and the remaining 21% by prices. The likely explanation for the modest impact of prices is that patients cared for by a given medical group receive care across a wide range of providers.ConclusionsPrices explained a modest fraction of the differences in spending between medical groups.
The applications of MicroCT in studying age‐related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation: A scoping review
Authors: Zainuddin Muhammad Zaid , Mohamad Noor Shafini , Su Keng Tan , Mohd Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConventional dental age estimation relies on destructive methods such as sectioning and staining, which are unpreferable when the tooth is required for evidential or archeological preservation. MicroCT is a non‐destructive, high‐resolution imaging technique that allows for accurate morphometrical measurement. Although microCT technology has been applied in a variety of dental studies, studies focusing on dental age‐related change and dental age estimation based on microCT imaging remain lacking. Based on the question: “How has microCT technology been applied in studying human age‐related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation studies?”, the authors conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. A literature search using five major scientific databases identified 452 articles, with 11 full‐text articles being eligible to be included in the scoping review. Furthermore, 6 out of the 11 studies performed dental age estimation modeling. An overview of the parameters used in the selected articles revealed a variety of tooth characteristics, such as pulp cavity to whole tooth volume ratio, secondary dentin, as well as the diameter of root canal orifice. The findings of this scoping review highlight the extent microCT is used in studying dental age‐related changes, as well as the effectiveness of microCT in dental age estimation studies. This review serves as a guide for future forensic odontology age estimation studies.
Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria using polyelectrolytes stabilized nanoliposomes for improved viability under hostile conditions
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Ahmed Aftab , Mahmood Kaiser , Abbas shah Yasir , Ateeq Huda , Sibat Amaima , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Busquets Rosa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProbiotics viability and stability is a core challenge for the food processing industry. To prolong the viability of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus), gelatin (GE)–chitosan (CH) polyelectrolytes‐coated nanoliposomes were developed and characterized. The average particle size of the nanoliposomes was in the range of 131.7–431.6 nm. The mean zeta potential value of the nanoliposomes differed significantly from −42.2 to −9.1 mV. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the nanoliposomes were well distributed and had a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the GE–CH polyelectrolyte coating has been effectively applied on the surface of nanoliposomes and L. acidophilus cells were successfully encapsulated in the lipid‐based nanocarriers. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that nanoliposomes are semicrystalline and GE–CH polyelectrolyte coating had an influence on the crystalline nature of nanoliposomes. Moreover, the coating of L. acidophilus‐loaded nanoliposomes with GE–CH polyelectrolytes significantly improved its viability when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal environments. The findings of the current study indicated that polyelectrolyte‐coated nanoliposomes could be used as an effective carrier for the delivery of probiotics and their application to food matrix for manufacturing functional foods.
Ambient temperature, refrigerator food load, and door openings effect on a preservation performance indicator based on chicken temperature data and predictive microbiology
Authors: Martinez‐Martinez Enrique , de la Cruz‐Quiroz Reynaldo , Fagotti Fabian , Torres J. Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHome preservation depends on the food matrix, refrigerator design/technology, consumer actions, and ambient temperature. Storing different food matrices in product‐relevant refrigerator locations generating different temperature histories can be used to develop an indicator of how refrigerator technology, consumer habits, and environment conditions impact the refrigerator food preservation performance. In this study, poultry, particularly prone to spoilage reflecting its pH, nutrient availability, and high aw, was used to evaluate refrigerator preservation performance as affected by compressor technology (single [SS] and variable speed [VS]), ambient temperature (21.1°C [LT] and 32.2°C [HT]), and refrigerator load (22.5 kg [RL] and 39 kg [HL]). Time‐temperature values collected for chicken breast stored in a drawer independently controlled at 0°C in a refrigerator set 5°C, and a Pseudomonas predictive microbiology model, were used to estimate a normalized refrigerator performance indicator (RPI). Values <1, ∼1, and >1 described excellent, good, or poor performance, respectively. A first analysis revealed that up to 54% of chicken breast temperatures were above its recommended refrigerated storage value. When ignoring variability sources, SS technology yielded RPI values ranging 0.61–0.70, whereas the more energy efficient VS compressor yielded values ranging 0.86–1.14. The higher and wider VS RPI range reflects a compressor control logic optimized for energy efficiency compliance while disregarding effects on food preservation. When considering the variability of model parameters and temperature measurements through one‐sided 95% confidence intervals yielded RPI reaching 1.16. Although the independently controlled drawer preservation performance was near optimal, it can improve by considering energy use and preservation impact when optimizing the compressor speed control protocol.Practical ApplicationWorldwide poultry meat consumption has reached 15 kg per person. Refrigeration is widely used for its safety and quality preservation. Efficiency regulations decreased the energy use of residential refrigerators by nearly tenfold even though their size increased by 50% in the last half century. In this study, we provide quantitative evidence that their preservation performance must be improved. This is particularly true for upper end units typically equipped with quieter and more energy‐efficient variable speed compressors. The same methodology can be used to evaluate the preservation performance of the storage units, trucks, and display cases used for refrigerated products.
Magnetic resonance imaging RAMRIS‐SAFE score—A low‐risk effective measure of rapid response to therapy in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials
Authors: Bird Paul , Needham Scott , Spiers Stefanie , Hall Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the rapidity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured synovitis (as measured by synovial thickening using the RAMRIS‐SAFE score) and bone edema in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subjects treated with golimumab. Secondary aims: to correlate MRI measures with disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH), physician global (PhysG) and patient global (PatG) assessments.MethodsPatients with active RA and inadequate response to methotrexate were recruited. Active RA was defined as RA with a Disease Activity Score of 28 joints – C‐reactive protein ≥4.2 at screening AND active disease (synovitis and edema) of the chosen hand or wrist on MRI at screening, as determined by the central blinded MRI reader (PB). Outcomes measures were assessed at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 weeks. MRI results were interpreted by one experienced observer (PB), blinded to clinical measures. Pearson's correlation co‐efficient (SPSS) was used to express the relationship between DASH, PhysG, PatG and MRI measures.ResultsEighteen patients were included in the study. All subjects completed follow‐up visits and MRI assessment. Mean age was 60.6 years (range 22–72), and 10 were female, 8 male, and disease duration was mean 4.72 years (range 1–28); all patients were taking background methotrexate. The changes in MRI synovial volume were evident by visit 2. The strongest correlations with the DASH for MRI parameters were total synovial thickening (0.923) and edema (0.921).ConclusionGolimumab was associated with rapid improvement in clinical measures and patient‐reported outcome measures. Mean synovial thickening demonstrated early rapid improvement. MRI synovial thickening demonstrated a strong correlation with DASH, PatG and PhysG.
Malta: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: FENECH DOMINIC 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe year was marked by a general election that gave the Labour Party a third consecutive victory over its rival Nationalist Party as usual with no other parties gaining seats. Following insistent pressure from financial monitoring agencies, the government received a clean bill of health after being ‘grey‐listed’ by the Financial Action Task Force. Issues concerning women included the increase in women's representation in Parliament, femicide and abortion. The economy continued to show growth, but so did the deficit, inflation, population size and pressure on amenities and the environment.
COVID‐19 control accelerates the decline in illegal drug use in China
Authors: Lv Liying , Yang Liping , Sun Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work illustrates the accelerated decline in illegal drug use during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. We first reviewed the global effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the situation of illegal drugs. We then compared the data of the pre‐pandemic (2016–2019) and pandemic period (2020–2022) for drug seizures, individuals identified as using drugs, registered and newly discovered illegal drug users and the number of community‐treated drug users to demonstrate the fast decline in the use of illegal drugs in China. We then discussed the possible reasons and additional considerations for these changes. Overall, the COVID‐19 controls in China, such as all‐staff nucleic acid testing and ID‐based dynamic monitoring, substantially reduced illegal drug use. Being wary of a possible rebound in drug use and preventing new types of drug crimes are still essential in post‐COVID China.
Postoperative systemic inflammation after major abdominal surgery: patient‐centred outcomes
Authors: Bain C. R. , Myles P. S. , Martin C. , Wallace S. , Shulman M. A. , Corcoran T. , Bellomo R. , Peyton P. , Story D. A. , Leslie K. , Forbes A. ,   the RELIEF trial investigators
Published: August 2023

SummaryPostoperative systemic inflammation is strongly associated with surgical outcomes, but its relationship with patient‐centred outcomes is largely unknown. Detection of excessive inflammation and patient and surgical factors associated with adverse patient‐centred outcomes should inform preventative treatment options to be evaluated in clinical trials and current clinical care. This retrospective cohort study analysed prospectively collected data from 3000 high‐risk, elective, major abdominal surgery patients in the restrictive vs. liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery (RELIEF) trial from 47 centres in seven countries from May 2013 to September 2016. The co‐primary endpoints were persistent disability or death up to 90 days after surgery, and quality of recovery using a 15‐item quality of recovery score at days 3 and 30. Secondary endpoints included: 90‐day and 1‐year all‐cause mortality; septic complications; acute kidney injury; unplanned admission to intensive care/high dependency unit; and total intensive care unit and hospital stays. Patients were assigned into quartiles of maximum postoperative C‐reactive protein concentration up to day 3, after multiple imputations of missing values. The lowest (reference) group, quartile 1, C‐reactive protein ≤ 85 mg.l‐1, was compared with three inflammation groups: quartile 2 > 85 mg.l‐1 to 140 mg.l‐1; quartile 3 > 140 mg.l‐1 to 200 mg.l‐1; and quartile 4 > 200 mg.l‐1 to 587 mg.l‐1. Greater postoperative systemic inflammation had a higher adjusted risk ratio (95%CI) of persistent disability or death up to 90 days after surgery, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 being 1.76 (1.31–2.36), p < 0.001. Increased inflammation was associated with increasing decline in risk‐adjusted estimated medians (95%CI) for quality of recovery, the quartile 4 to quartile 1 difference being ‐14.4 (‐17.38 to ‐10.71), p < 0.001 on day 3, and ‐5.94 (‐8.92 to ‐2.95), p < 0.001 on day 30. Marked postoperative systemic inflammation was associated with increased risk of complications, poor quality of recovery and persistent disability or death up to 90 days after surgery.
Chapter 11 Sacred Places and Contested Spaces in Maine: The Long Shadow of Colonial Science in the Light of Repatriation
Authors: Wheeler Ryan J. , Newsom Bonnie 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe Nevin site in Maine has become a contested space as Wabanaki people seeking to repatriate their ancestors confront archaeologists who adhere to the antiquated postulates of their predecessors. Warren K. Moorehead, of Phillips Academy's archaeology department, focused field work on Maine's so‐called “Red Paint” cemeteries from 1912–1920. Moorehead acknowledged the antiquity of the cemeteries but saw the people as members of a “lost civilization” culturally distinct from later Indigenous groups. Douglas Byers succeeded Moorehead and excavated graves at the Nevin site from 1936–1940. Despite radiocarbon dates and a better understanding of the Archaic period, Byers did not attribute Nevin's lavish grave goods to that early era. The confusion sowed by Moorehead and Byers still influences contemporary archaeologists and museum personnel who resist Wabanaki efforts to repatriate their ancestors under contemporary legislation. Despite the lack of robust research on in‐migration, prevailing ideas about the Late Archaic in Maine envision a population replacement by southern immigrants. This hypothesis opposes claims of cultural connectedness by contemporary Wabanaki peoples. Here, we explore the archaeological legacy associated with the Nevin cemetery and challenge archaeologists to confront colonialist science that permeates repatriation.
Chapter 6 “… and his wife Sally”: The Binford Legacy and Uncredited Work in Archaeology
Authors: Quinlan Liz M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTOften mentioned as an afterthought in sentences about her more (in)famous husband, Sally R. Binford has long been a focus of feminist archaeological discussion. She helped create the ‘New Archaeology’ and thus set the stage for an academic revolution, yet she has become one of the discipline's hidden figures, overshadowed by the lengthy career of Lewis Binford. Sally's own words allow us insight into the dynamic between the two Binfords; a case study on academic exploitation that may be more of a rule than of an exception. Rossiter's (1993) ‘Matthew/Matilda effect’—the paradigm whereby the work of influential scientific men can often be directly attributed to their unpublished or otherwise disenfranchised wives—is a useful analytical lens with which to expand discussions of ethics in citation, collaboration, and mentorship. How does archaeology as a discipline reconcile the legacy of unattributed fieldwork and research that has bolstered its growth? A review of publicly available documents on authorship and attribution reveals a lack of clear guidance on the subject. Institutional frameworks can ensure that students and faculty have these types of discussions early and often.
Chapter 3 Our Only Sin Was Being Black: Reflecting on Maria Franklin (1997) in the Time of Black Lives Matter in Archaeology
Authors: Jones Alexandra , Carey Mia 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIt has been over 25 years since Maria Franklin (1997b) asked, “Why are there so few black American archaeologists?” While low numbers can still be attributed to Black Americans choosing to pursue more lucrative careers, we must also understand that barriers instituted and perpetuated by racism also play a major factor. Through highlighting the experiences of archaeologists from John Wesley Gilbert (1863–1923) to contemporary professionals, the legacy of racism and discriminatory treatment of Black archaeologists assists in answering Franklin's question. Though numbers have increased since the creation of the Society of Black Archaeologists in 2011, the retention of Black graduate students and professionals in the field is still a challenge. Revisiting this question in the time of Black Lives Matter in Archaeology may provide some clarity.
Chapter 2 Diversity is Not Enough: Advocating and Organizing for Inclusion in Archaeology
Authors: Lee Jocelyn , Carr Sarah , Herzing Lissa J. , Norton Claire , Palmer Leah 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTRacism, microaggressions, sexism, gendered, financial, ableism, and many more facets of discrimination are legacies still prevalent within the field of archaeology, perpetuating an environment of exclusion. Graduate students are particularly cognizant of the ways in which exclusion impacts their academic experiences and their choices to continue pursuing archaeology professionally and academically. Despite the rise of critical and collaborative approaches to the historical archaeologies of Indigeneity, the African Diaspora, and more, graduate programs often do not critically examine the historical and structural elements preventing an inclusive environment when courting students of visibly diverse backgrounds. There is a pragmatic disconnect between institutional discussions surrounding diversity and the tangible outcomes of these discussions at a grassroots level. Through the creation of the Community, Anti‐Racist, Respect, Engagement (CARE) Inclusivity Committee, conversations among the student body in an interdisciplinary, community‐centered, and collaborative historical archaeology graduate program have begun to address problems with exclusion and identify ways in which inclusion can be furthered. This chapter outlines the process and methodology used in the creation of the CARE Inclusivity Committee and subsequent workshop and offers thoughtful reflection about the effectiveness of grassroots organization at the graduate student level in advocating for change. CARE aims to create safe spaces where uncomfortable conversations are encouraged, to help both students and faculty acknowledge the different levels of exclusion. The goal is not only to foster an inclusive environment, but to create a sustainable process for future cohorts and empower other graduate students to enact tangible change.
Birth order and intergenerational income mobility in Japan: Is the first‐born child different?
Authors: Jia Zhi‐xiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines how birth order affects intergenerational income mobility (IGM) in Japan, focusing on the difference in IGM between firstborn and later‐born children. The elasticities of sons’ income with respect to fathers’ income are separately estimated for sons who are firstborn and sons who are later born by family size using a two‐sample, two‐stage least squares approach. For sons born in 1926–1981, this study finds that in families with four or more children, intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) for firstborn sons is substantially and significantly higher than that for later‐born sons. However, no significant birth order effects are found in households with two or three children.