bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave reflection and transmission coefficients for layered transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis under initial stress
Authors: Chen Fubin , Zong Zhaoyun , Stovas Alexey , Yin Xingyao 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYThe stress-dependent wave reflection and transmission (R/T) coefficients for the layered transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) are seldom investigated in the published literature. To fill this gap, we propose the exact formulas for the plane wave R/T coefficients on the welded and non-welded boundaries between two distinct VTI half-spaces under the effect of initial stress. The theory of acoustoelasticity is used to describe the influence of initial applied stress on the overall elastic properties of VTI media and to represent two different boundary conditions. The normal and tangential compliances are used to characterize the discontinuity of non-welded boundary based on the linear-slip model, and their stress dependences are ideally considered according to the effect of stress on fracture aperture. Then the plane-wave displacement equations are substituted into the boundary conditions to yield the analytic formulas for frequency-independent R/T coefficients for the welded interface and frequency-dependent R/T coefficients for the non-welded interface. The stress-dependent wave slowness vector and polarization vector embedded in R/T coefficients can be directly computed with the Christoffel equation given by the acoustoelastic equation. Modelling results graphically show the effects of initial stress on the angle-dependent wave velocities, Thomsen elastic anisotropy parameters, fracture compliances, the R/T coefficients and seismic reflection responses for welded and non-welded interfaces in detail. The R/T coefficients are more sensitive to initial stress at relatively large incidence angles for the designed two-layer model with welded or non-welded boundary. The proposed R/T coefficient formulas and modelling results are relevant to in situ stress detection, fracture characterization, and exploration for oil and gas in shale reservoirs in high-stress fields.
Salp swarm algorithm with iterative mapping and local escaping for multi-level threshold image segmentation: a skin cancer dermoscopic case study
Authors: Hao Shuhui , Huang Changcheng , Heidari Ali Asghar , Chen Huiling , Li Lingzhi , Algarni Abeer D , Elmannai Hela , Xu Suling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIf found and treated early, fast-growing skin cancers can dramatically prolong patients’ lives. Dermoscopy is a convenient and reliable tool during the fore-period detection stage of skin cancer, so the efficient processing of digital images of dermoscopy is particularly critical to improving the level of a skin cancer diagnosis. Notably, image segmentation is a part of image preprocessing and essential technical support in the process of image processing. In addition, multi-threshold image segmentation (MIS) technology is extensively used due to its straightforward and effective features. Many academics have coupled different meta-heuristic algorithms with MIS to raise image segmentation quality. Nonetheless, these meta-heuristic algorithms frequently enter local optima. Therefore, this paper suggests an improved salp swarm algorithm (ILSSA) method that combines iterative mapping and local escaping operator to address this drawback. Besides, this paper also proposes the ILSSA-based MIS approach, which is triumphantly utilized to segment dermoscopic images of skin cancer. This method uses two-dimensional (2D) Kapur’s entropy as the objective function and employs non-local means 2D histogram to represent the image information. Furthermore, an array of benchmark function test experiments demonstrated that ILSSA could alleviate the local optimal problem more effectively than other compared algorithms. Afterward, the skin cancer dermoscopy image segmentation experiment displayed that the proposed ILSSA-based MIS method obtained superior segmentation results than other MIS peers and was more adaptable at different thresholds.
The Neo-Aramaic Dialect Spoken by the Christians of Marga (Şirnak, Southeastern Turkey)
Authors: Noorlander Paul M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aramaic-speaking Christian communities used to be found in large numbers in various towns and villages throughout southeastern Turkey before the large-scale migration under duress as a consequence of the hostilities in the First World War and its aftermath. Marga was once the home of one such large community of Aramaic-speaking Christians who fled to northwestern Iraq or dispersed over the globe. This paper documents new data and provides a preliminary grammatical description of the Neo-Aramaic dialect spoken by the Christians of Marga (Margaye) from a comparative dialectological perspective. It presents an overview of the characteristic features, some of which are archaic and are no longer (as) productive in other dialects. This outline is accompanied by a short sample text narrating the tale of Xazalok and Dalalok, a bedtime story well-known to people in this region.
Is there a difference in pelvic floor muscle tone between women with and without pelvic pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kadah Shaza , Soh Sze-Ee , Morin Melanie , Schneider Michal , Heron Emma , Frawley Helena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlterations in pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function have been observed in women with persistent noncancer pelvic pain (PNCPP) as compared with women without PNCPP; however, the literature presents conflicting findings regarding differences in PFM tone between women with and without PNCPP.AimTo systematically review the literature comparing PFM tone in women with and without PNCPP.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched from inception to June 2021 for relevant studies. Studies were included that reported PFM tone data in women aged ≥18 years with and without PNCPP. The risk of bias was assessed with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) for PFM tone measures were calculated via random effects models.OutcomesResting PFM tone parameters, including myoelectrical activity, resistance, morphometry, stiffness, flexibility, relaxation, and intravaginal pressure, measured by any clinical examination method or tool.ResultsTwenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven PFM tone parameters were measured. Meta-analyses were conducted for myoelectrical activity, resistance, and anterior-posterior diameter of the levator hiatus. Myoelectrical activity and resistance were higher in women with PNCPP than in women without (SMD = 1.32 [95% CI, 0.36-2.29] and SMD = 2.05 [95% CI, 1.03-3.06], respectively). Women with PNCPP also had a smaller anterior-posterior diameter of the levator hiatus as compared with women without (SMD = −0.34 [95% CI, −0.51 to −0.16]). Meta-analyses were not performed for the remaining PFM tone parameters due to an insufficient number of studies; however, results of these studies suggested greater PFM stiffness and reduced PFM flexibility in women with PNCPP than in women without.Clinical ImplicationsAvailable evidence suggests that women with PNCPP have increased PFM tone, which could be targeted by treatments.Strengths and LimitationsA comprehensive search strategy was used with no restriction on language or date to review studies evaluating PFM tone parameters between women with and without PNCPP. However, meta-analyses were not undertaken for all parameters because few included studies measured the same PFM tone properties. There was variability in the methods used to assess PFM tone, all of which have some limitations.ConclusionWomen with PNCPP have higher PFM tone than women without PNCPP; therefore, future research is required to understand the strength of the relationship between pelvic pain and PFM tone and to investigate the effect of treatment modalities to reduce PFM tone on pelvic pain in this population.
QUIJOTE scientific results – VIII. Diffuse polarized foregrounds from component separation with QUIJOTE-MFI
Authors: de la Hoz E , Barreiro R B , Vielva P , Martínez-González E , Rubiño-Martín J A , Casaponsa B , Guidi F , Ashdown M , Génova-Santos R T , Artal E , Casas F J , Fernández-Cobos R , Fernández-Torreiro M , Herranz D , Hoyland R J , Lasenby A N , López-Caniego M , López-Caraballo C H , Peel M W , Piccirillo L , Poidevin F , Rebolo R , Ruiz-Granados B , Tramonte D , Vansyngel F , Watson. R A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We derive linearly polarized astrophysical component maps in the Northern Sky from the QUIJOTE-MFI data at 11 and 13 GHz in combination with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe K and Ka bands (23 and 33 GHz) and all Planck polarized channels (30–353 GHz), using the parametric component separation method B-SeCRET. The addition of QUIJOTE-MFI data significantly improves the parameter estimation of the low-frequency foregrounds, especially the estimation of the synchrotron spectral index, βs. We present the first detailed βs map of the Northern Celestial Hemisphere at a smoothing scale of 2°. We find statistically significant spatial variability across the sky. We obtain an average value of −3.08 and a dispersion of 0.13, considering only pixels with reliable goodness of fit. The power-law model of the synchrotron emission provides a good fit to the data outside the Galactic plane but fails to track the complexity within this region. Moreover, when we assume a synchrotron model with uniform curvature, cs, we find a value of cs = −0.0797 ± 0.0012. However, there is insufficient statistical significance to determine which model is favoured, either the power law or the power law with uniform curvature. Furthermore, we estimate the thermal dust spectral parameters in polarization. Our cosmic microwave background, synchrotron, and thermal dust maps are highly correlated with the corresponding products of the PR4 Planck release, although some large-scale differences are observed in the synchrotron emission. Finally, we find that the βs estimation in the high signal-to-noise synchrotron emission areas is prior-independent, while, outside these regions, the prior governs the βs estimation.
QUIJOTE scientific results – IX. Radio sources in the QUIJOTE-MFI wide survey maps
Authors: Herranz D , López-Caniego M , López-Caraballo C H , Génova-Santos R T , Perrott Y C , Rubiño-Martín J A , Rebolo R , Artal E , Ashdown M , Barreiro R B , Casas F J , de la Hoz E , Fernández-Torreiro M , Guidi F , Hoyland R J , Lasenby A N , Martínez-González E , Peel M W , Piccirillo L , Poidevin F , Ruiz-Granados B , Tramonte D , Vansyngel F , Vielva P , Watson R A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the catalogue of Q-U-I JOint TEnerife (QUIJOTE) Wide Survey radio sources extracted from the maps of the Multi-Frequency Instrument compiled between 2012 and 2018. The catalogue contains 786 sources observed in intensity and polarization, and is divided into two separate sub-catalogues: one containing 47 bright sources previously studied by the Planck collaboration and an extended catalogue of 739 sources either selected from the Planck Second Catalogue of Compact Sources or found through a blind search carried out with a Mexican Hat 2 wavelet. A significant fraction of the sources in our catalogue (38.7 per cent) are within the |b| ≤ 20° region of the Galactic plane. We determine statistical properties for those sources that are likely to be extragalactic. We find that these statistical properties are compatible with currently available models, with a ∼1.8 Jy completeness limit at 11 GHz. We provide the polarimetric properties of (38, 33, 31, 23) sources with P detected above the $99.99{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ significance level at (11, 13, 17, 19) GHz respectively. Median polarization fractions are in the 2.8–4.7 per cent range in the 11–19 GHz frequency interval. We do not distinguish between Galactic and extragalactic sources here. The results presented here are consistent with those reported in the literature for flat- and steep-spectrum radio sources.
Applying unsupervised learning to resolve evolutionary histories and explore the galaxy--halo connection in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Fraser T S , Tojeiro R , Chittenden H G 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine the effectiveness of identifying distinct evolutionary histories in IllustrisTNG-100 galaxies using unsupervised machine learning with Gaussian mixture models. We focus on how clustering compressed metallicity histories and star formation histories produces sub-population of galaxies with distinct evolutionary properties (for both halo mass assembly and merger histories). By contrast, clustering with photometric colours fails to resolve such histories. We identify several populations of interest that reflect a variety of evolutionary scenarios supported by the literature. Notably, we identify a population of galaxies inhabiting the upper red sequence, M* &gt; 1010 M⊙, that has a significantly higher ex-situ merger mass fraction present at fixed masses and a star formation history that has yet to fully quench, in contrast to an overlapping, satellite-dominated population along the red sequence, which is distinctly quiescent. Extending the clustering to study four clusters instead of three further divides quiescent galaxies, whereas star-forming ones are mostly contained in a single cluster, demonstrating a variety of supported pathways to quenching. In addition to these populations, we identify a handful of populations from our other clusters that are readily applicable to observational surveys, including a population related to post-starburst galaxies, allowing for possible extensions of this work in an observational context, and to corroborate results within the IllustrisTNG ecosystem.
The value-added catalogue of ASAS-SN eclipsing binaries – II. Properties of extra-physics systems
Authors: Rowan D M , Jayasinghe T , Stanek K Z , Kochanek C S , Thompson Todd A , Shappee B J , Holoien T W-S , Prieto J L , Giles W 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Detached eclipsing binaries are the primary tool used to measure precise masses and radii of stars. In our previous paper estimating the parameters of more than 30 000 detached eclipsing binaries, we identified 766 eclipsing binaries with additional features in their All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite light curves. Here, we characterize these ‘extra-physics’ systems, identifying eclipsing binaries with spotted stars, pulsating components, and candidate triple/quadruple systems. We use the Gaia, Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), and ASAS-SN variable star catalogues to search for possible blends. We use MIST (MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks) isochrones and evolutionary tracks to identify systems with main-sequence, subgiant, and giant primaries and highlight systems in sparsely populated regions of the colour–magnitude diagram. We find that the orbital period distribution of spotted binaries is divided by evolutionary state and find 68 with X-ray detections. For the candidate triple/quadruples and pulsating systems, we calculate the extra orbital/pulsational period and identify systems with resonances. Finally, we highlight a number of exotic systems, including eclipsing cataclysmic variables, subdwarfs, and binaries with discs.
The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from Gaia EDR3
Authors: Fleury Leesa , Caiazzo Ilaria , Heyl Jeremy 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Gaia Data Release 2 revealed a population of ultramassive white dwarfs on the Q branch that are moving anomalously fast for a local disc population with their young photometric ages. As the velocity dispersion of stars in the local disc increases with age, a proposed explanation of these white dwarfs is that they experience a cooling delay that causes current cooling models to infer photometric ages much younger than their true ages. To explore this explanation, we investigate the kinematics of ultramassive white dwarfs within 200 pc of the Sun using the improved Gaia Early Data Release 3 observations. We analyse the transverse motions of 0.95–1.25 M⊙ white dwarfs, subdivided by mass and age, and determine the distributions of the three-dimensional components of the transverse velocities. The results are compared to expectations based on observed kinematics of local main-sequence stars. We find a population of photometrically young (∼0.5–1.5 Gyr) ultramassive (∼1.15–1.25 M⊙) white dwarfs for which the transverse velocity component in the direction of Galactic rotation is more dispersed than for local disc stars of any age; thus, it is too dispersed to be explained by any cooling delay in white dwarfs originating from the local disc. Furthermore, the dispersion ratio of the velocity components in the Galactic plane for this population is also inconsistent with a local disc origin. We discuss some possible explanations of this kinematically anomalous population, such as a halo origin or production through dynamical effects of stellar triple systems.
Pulsar polarization: a broad-band population view with the Parkes Ultra-Wideband receiver
Authors: Oswald L S , Johnston S , Karastergiou A , Dai S , Kerr M , Lower M E , Manchester R N , Shannon R M , Sobey C , Weltevrede P 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe radio polarization properties of the pulsar population are only superficially captured by the conventional picture of pulsar radio emission. We study the broadband polarization of 271 young radio pulsars, focusing particularly on circular polarization, using high-quality observations made with the Ultra-Wideband Low receiver on Murriyang, the Parkes radio telescope. We seek to encapsulate polarization behaviour on a population scale by defining broad categories for frequency- and phase-dependent polarization evolution, studying the co-occurrences of these categorizations and comparing them with average polarization measurements and spin-down energy ($\dot{E}$). This work shows that deviations of the linear polarization position angle from the rotating vector model are linked to the presence of circular polarization features and to frequency evolution of the polarization. Polarization fraction, circular polarization contribution, and profile complexity all evolve with $\dot{E}$ across the population, with the profiles of high-$\dot{E}$ pulsars being simple and highly linearly polarized. The relationship between polarization fraction and circular contribution is also seen to evolve such that highly polarized profiles show less variation in circular contribution with frequency than less strongly polarized profiles. This evolution is seen both across the population and across frequency for individual sources. Understanding pulsar radio polarization requires detailed study of individual sources and collective understanding of population-level trends. For the former, we provide visualizations of their phase- and frequency-resolved polarization parameters. For the latter, we have highlighted the importance of including the impact of circular polarization and of $\dot{E}$.
Accretion of supersonic magnetized winds onto black holes
Authors: Gracia-Linares Miguel , Guzmán Francisco S 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the accretion of magnetized supersonic winds onto a rotating black hole in three dimensions. We select representative spin-wind orientations in order to illustrate its effects on the evolution and morphology of the shock cone. The most important finding in the magnetized case, unlike the purely hydrodynamical scenario, is the formation of rarified spots where the magnetic field pressure dominates over the gas pressure. In these rarified spots, we find the formation of eddies within the shock cone.
Minidisc influence on flow variability in accreting spinning black hole binaries: simulations in full general relativity
Authors: Bright Jane C , Paschalidis Vasileios 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting, equal-mass binary black holes in full general relativity focusing on the effect of spin and minidiscs on the accretion rate and Poynting luminosity variability. We report on the structure of the minidiscs and periodicities in the mass of the minidiscs, mass accretion rates, and Poynting luminosity. The accretion rate exhibits a quasi-periodic behaviour related to the orbital frequency of the binary in all systems that we study, but the amplitude of this modulation is dependent on the existence of persistent minidiscs. In particular, systems that are found to produce persistent minidiscs have a much weaker modulation of the mass accretion rate, indicating that minidiscs can increase the inflow time of matter on to the black holes, and dampen out the quasi-periodic behaviour. This finding has potential consequences for binaries at greater separations where minidiscs can be much larger and may dampen out the periodicities significantly.
The PHANGS–MUSE nebular catalogue
Authors: Groves B , Kreckel K , Santoro F , Belfiore F , Zavodnik E , Congiu E , Egorov O V , Emsellem E , Grasha K , Leroy A , Scheuermann F , Schinnerer E , Watkins E J , Barnes A T , Bigiel F , Dale D A , Glover S C O , Pessa I , Sanchez-Blazquez P , Williams T G 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Ionized nebulae provide critical insights into the conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM). Their bright emission lines enable the measurement of physical properties, such as the gas-phase metallicity, across galaxy discs and in distant galaxies. The PHANGS–MUSE survey has produced optical spectroscopic coverage of the central star-forming discs of 19 nearby main-sequence galaxies. Here, we use the $\rm {H}\,\alpha$ morphology from this data to identify 30 790 distinct nebulae, finding thousands of nebulae per galaxy. For each nebula, we extract emission line fluxes and, using diagnostic line ratios, identify the dominant excitation mechanism. A total of 23 244 nebulae (75 per cent) are classified as H ii regions. The dust attenuation of every nebulae is characterized via the Balmer decrement and we use existing environmental masks to identify their large-scale galactic environment (centre, bar, arm, interarm, and disc). Using strong-line prescriptions, we measure the gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicity) and ionization parameter for all H ii regions. With this new catalogue, we measure the radial metallicity gradients and explore second-order metallicity variations within each galaxy. By quantifying the global scatter in metallicity per galaxy, we find a weak negative correlation with global star formation rate and stronger negative correlation with global gas velocity dispersion (in both ionized and molecular gas). With this paper we release the full catalogue of strong line fluxes and derived properties, providing a rich data base for a broad variety of ISM studies.
Number conservation in odd-particle number random phase approximation and extensions
Authors: Tohyama Mitsuru 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The number conservation law in the odd-particle number random-phase approximation (oRPA) and its extension (EoRPA) is studied by applying them to a pairing model and 16O. It is found in the application to 16O that the number conservation law is not fulfilled in oRPA or EoRPA and that it is drastically improved in EoRPA due to the inclusion of ground-state correlation effects. PACS numbers: 21.60.Jz