bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Well Do Protected Areas Safeguard Endangered White-Clawed Crayfish in Croatia?
Authors: Maguire Ivana , Lovrenčić Leona , Temunović Martina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Croatian freshwaters are inhabited by four native European crayfish species. One of them is the white-clawed crayfish which is distributed in the waterbodies draining to the Adriatic Sea. This species is endangered by anthropogenic pressures on its habitats, climate change and the introduction and spread of non-native invasive crayfish species and their pathogens, with several documented declines occurring in a number of populations. Consequently, it is declared endangered and protected by international and national legislation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the pan-European Natura 2000 network and national protected areas in conserving the white-clawed crayfish diversity in Croatia through a GIS-based approach that overlays a map of protected areas with species distribution data, also known as a gap analysis. The analysis revealed that 66% of the white-clawed crayfish populations are covered by protected areas (including Natura 2000 sites). Results of this study are useful for the evaluation of protected areas in the conservation of this key freshwater species, and for direct future management plans.
Can Chest CT be the first-line diagnostic test in COVID-19? A cross-sectional study
Authors: ÇAYLAK Halil , ATASOY Dilara , ÇETİNKAYA Nazim , CAN İsmet , SARIİSMAİLOĞLU Rağıp , ATALAR Mehmet 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Background/aim: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, chest computerized tomography (CCT) was shown to be more sensitive than real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) in detecting the disease, especially in regions with high disease prevalence. In this study, we aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of chest CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Materials and methods: Between 17 March, 2020 and 25 April, 2020, 2170 patients who were admitted to the hospital for any reason and underwent chest CT scanning were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with a pre-diagnosis of COVID-19 and a positive rRT-PCR test, two consecutive negative rRT-PCR tests, or with a first negative rRT-PCR test and a positive follow-up rRT-PCR test were included. The day of the rRT-PCR test for these patients was counted as day “0,” and 200 patients whose CCT was performed within +/- three days were included in the study.
Results: Of the 200 patients included in the study, 118 were rRT-PCR-positive, and 82 were rRT-PCR-negative. Of the 118 patients with positive rRT-PCR results, 62/118 (52.5%) had positive CCT scans. With the rRT-PCR results as the reference, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CCT in indicating COVID-19 infection were 52.5% (95% CI 43–61%), 67% (95% CI 56–77%), and 58.5% (95% CI 51-65%), respectively. The negative predictive value of CCT in diagnosing COVID-19 was greater for women than for men (p = 0.01).
Conclusions: In regions where the prevalence of COVID-19 is not high, the use of CCT in the diagnosis of the disease is not an alternative to the rRT-PCR test due to its low sensitivity.
Del Rey y su persona. Examinando las previsiones sobre la Corona que contiene la Constitución y revisitando la cuestión de la inviolabilidad
Authors: Martínez Sospedra Manuel 
Published: December 2022

En el presente artículo se examinará la inviolabilidad de la persona del Rey. Tras un examen del Derecho Histórico Constitucional relativo a la Corona, se argumentará que la continuidad textual entre dicha Constitución y la vigente redacción del Título II de la Constitución de 1978 no redunda en una equivalencia normativa, pues responden a principios de legitimidad distintos, como también es diferente el sistema de gobierno constitucionalmente prescrito.
Seguidamente se analizará el régimen de la Corona en relación con las potestades de las Cortes, de lo cual concluiremos que en un sistema parlamentario rigurosamente monista, el Rey puede poseer auctoritas, pero carece radicalmente de potestas.
Una vez establecida la diferencia entre los “actos del Rey”, y los “actos de la persona del Rey”, que se dan cuando el monarca opera al margen de su actividad constitucional, se estudiará la figura de la inviolabilidad en la persona del Rey.
La mentira entre estados y la seguridad nacional
Authors: Sentí Navarro Carla 
Published: December 2022

La creación, difusión y consumo de desinformación y contenidos fabricados en las redes sociales y difundidos a través de Internet es una preocupación creciente, especialmente por la facilidad de acceso a tales fuentes y la falta de conocimiento de la existencia de tal información falsa. Esta preocupación resulta mucho más grande cuando los responsables de la diseminación de fake news guían sus actuaciones con fines políticos y se implican en esta problemática las instituciones y autoridades, incluso los propios Estados. En este trabajo se hace un recorrido de los orígenes de la desinformación como injerencia ilegítima por parte de terceros países, se estudia cómo la mentira es usada con fin político, y, por ende, la desinformación puede utilizarse como arma de guerra, y finalmente se hace un repaso por algunas medidas que al respecto ha tomado la UE.
The Extent of School-Industry Collaboration for Achieving Technical Education Graduates’ Industrial Usability in Cross River State
Authors: Ibeneme O. T. , Ashiebi E. U. 
Published: December 2022

Aims: This study focused on determining the extent of school-industry collaboration for achieving technical education graduates’ industrial usability in Cross River State.
Study Design: The study adopt a descriptive survey design.
Place and Duration of Study: Technical Education lecturers and industrialist in Cross River State, Nigeria, between February 2017 and November 2018.
Methodology: The population of the study comprises of 2250 respondents, of which 12 respondents are from the school (that is, 8 lecturers from the Cross River University of Technology Calabar and 4 lecturers from the Cross River State College of Education Akamkpa) and 2238 from industry. The sample size for the study comprised 506 respondents. This represents approximately 22% of the total industries population and the entire population from schools. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Extent of School-Industry Collaboration and industrial usability of Technical Education Graduates Questionnaire (ESICAIUTEGQ)”. The Usability scale reads: Very High Extent (VHE) = 5 points, High Extent (HE)= 4 points, Moderate Extent (ME)= 3 points, Low Extent (LE)= 2 points and Very Low Extent (VLE)= 1 point. Cronbach Alpha statistics was used to ascertain the coefficient reliability of 0.86. The researcher administered the graduate usability questionnaire through direct delivery method to Technical Education lecturers and industrialists to be completed. After collection, the administered instrument will be scored in line with instrument scoring guide and analyzed using mean and standard deviation.
Results: The results of the study revealed that School-industry collaboration in curriculum development for achieving technical education graduates’ usability by industries was rated to a moderate extent. More so, the study uncovered that School-industry collaboration in curriculum implementation for achieving technical education graduates’ usability by industries was rated to a moderate extent. School-industry collaboration in facilities utilization for achieving technical education graduates’ usability by industries was rated to a low extent. Also, the study further revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean response of technical education teachers and industrialist on the extent of school-industry collaboration in curriculum implementation.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis, the study reveals the dangers of the school and industry existing in isolation. As such, school and industries should collaborate in building the technical education of their dreams and desires. Also, the government however would see to it the federal ministry of science, technology and innovation and the ministry of education be given special consideration in budget allocation and existing policies on education be review as to embrace global standards and improve relevance.
Screening of Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) Germplasm for Resistance to Stemphylium Blight Disease Using Qualitative Characters
Authors: Vaishnavi K. , Bhaumik P. , Bhattacharya P. M. , Chowdhury A. K. 
Published: December 2022

In terms of both acreage and productivity, lentil is India's second most important pulse crop. Stemphylium blight, caused by Stemphylium botrysum Wallr., is a serious economic problem in eastern parts of India including West Bengal. As most of the cultivated lentil are susceptible to Stemphylium blight disease, the main alternatives for the control of the disease is to use highly toxic fungicides. The objective of this work is to evaluate the responses of 210 numbers of genotype collected from International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in order to support the alternative disease management strategy. The qualitative attributes like days to flowering, height of the plant and leaf area were taken into consideration which were converted to qualitative attributes by using cluster analysis. Along with that branching pattern and canopy types was also recorded as qualitative parameters. The result clearly indicated that days to flowering, leaf area, branching habit and canopy temperature significantly influence the disease development.
Long Term Effect of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Micro Nutrient Uptake under Rice-Rice Cropping System
Authors: Goutami N. 
Published: December 2022

A field experiment entitled “Long term effect of different nutrient management practices on micro nutrient uptake under rice-rice cropping system" was conducted under field conditions during both kharif and rabi seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017- 2018 at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, West Godavari district in the ongoing All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment Project. The findings demonstrate that the data regarding influence of long-term use of inorganics, organics and their combination on micronutrient uptake at different growth stages in kharif and rabi during both the years of the study revealed that there was increase significantly with application of 100% RDF in combination with ZnSO4 and FYM @ 5t ha-1. It was on par with that of application of 100 % RDF along with ZnSO4 @ 40 kg ha-1 and significantly superior over other treatments. The application of 50 % NPK + 50 % N through FYM was on par with 100 % RDF. Application of 100 % RDF along with ZnSO4 @ 40 kg ha-1 and application of 100 % NPK though not differ significantly and on par with each other during four seasons of study.
Production of Biogas from Anaerobic Co-digestion of Biosolids from Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Fritz Malina 
Published: December 2022

With a growing global population and the constant striving for prosperity, comes a growing demand for energy. Biogas and its upgrading to biomethane are prosperous and sustainable energy sources that even allow the use of the natural gas infrastructure. Biogas production using different bacterial cultures for wastewater treatment can be decentralized and without high costs. This aim of this research is focused on the co-digestion of wastewater biosolids and bacteria from a commercial activated sludge reactor, and customary bacteria used for the treatment of septic systems sludge. The research was performed with a designed laboratory anaerobic fermentation system at 35-40°C (95-104°F).
The biomass-gas turnover rate is on average 170 l/kg for activated sludge reactor bacteria and 100 l/kg septic system bio bacteria.
The application of wastewater treatment bacteria as basis for anaerobic fermentation can be considered beneficial for biogas production within wastewater treatment plants.
Multicellular Effects from Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Cadaba farinosa Forsk on Selective Internal Organs of Wistar Rats
Authors: Gamde Solomon Matthias , Muhammad Abubakar Amali , Umar Mohammed , Avwioro Ovie Godwin , Biambo Ahmed Aminu , Bwede Eugene Samuel , Amina Egbujo Ejike , Halilu Emmanuel Mshelia 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Cadaba farinosa Forsk belongs to the family Cappariraceae used in the treatments of snakebite, breast cancer, and retained placenta in African traditional medicine. However, information about the plant toxicity profile and risk awareness are largely unknown.
Aim: To determine the histopathological, biochemical, and hematological effects from aqueous stem bark extract of Cadaba farinosa Forsk on selective internal organs of Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty (20) Wistar rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups of four rats each. The extract was administered by oral gavage in doses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses, while the liver, kidney, spleen, lung, brain, and stomach were harvested and processed histopathologically using standard methods.
Results: Oral administration of the aqueous stem bark extract from Cadaba farinosa Forsk caused a significant increase in hematocrit (P=0.044) and hemoglobin (P=0.046). However, the white blood cell was significantly (P=0.011) reduced at doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg compared to control. The serum albumin of treated animals was also significantly (P=0.017) reduced in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. In addition, histopathological sections of treated animals showed pulmonary hemorrhage, stomach edema, vacuolation in the spleen, and necrosed hepatocytes.
Conclusion: Oral administration of the aqueous stem bark extract from Cadaba farinosa Forsk for 28 days is toxic to the liver, spleen, stomach, and lung. Reducing the therapeutic dose and period of exposure may minimize the deleterious effects of plant drugs.
Distribution of Maternal Red Cell Antibodies and the Risk of Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn in Sokoto Nigeria
Authors: Buhari H. A. , Sagir A. , Akuyam S. A. , Erhabor O. , Panti A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Background: The incidence is still of clinical importance because sensitization of the mother may occur through the placenta, blood transfusion, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis as well as lack of prophylaxis of alloantibody except RhD.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of clinically significant red blood cell alloantibodies among pregnant women.
Study Design: This was a cross- sectional study.
Duration of Study: The study lasted for a period of one year between January to December, 2021.
Methodology: About 1250 consecutively recruited pregnant women were screened for alloantibody and identification was done to determine the specificity of the antibody using NHSBT reagent with column agglutination card technology.
Results: Among the 1250 apparently healthy pregnant women studied, 73(5.8%) had alloantibodies with specificity as follows: Multiple antibody of C, E 3 (4.1%), D 23 (31.5%), C 6(8.2%), E 5(6.8%), e (1.4%), Jka 2 (2.7%), Jkb 2 (2.7), M 1 (1.4%), S 1 (1.4%), Lea 7 (9.6%), Leb 8 (11%), I 4 (5.5%), and Lu 7 (9.6%). When the demographic and obstetric characteristics were compared with the presence of alloantibodies, statistically significant differences were observed in gestational age, past history of pregnancy, preeclampsia, and previous baby delivered with jaundice and previous administration of anti-D prophylaxis.
Conclusion: There is high prevalence of alloantibody among pregnant women that may be linked to lack of premarital testing to know couple at risk and lack of standard protocol of alloantibody testing.
Renal Stone Density: Determinant of ESWL Success
Authors: Mahar Abdullah , Fawad Ahmed , Jawaid Atif , Khan Sajan , Rehman Abdul , Soomro Niaz , Bumbia Hira 
Published: December 2022

Background: The worldwide prevalence of developing renal stones is as high as 15% with an estimated 1 in every 5 persons being affected with the condition in Pakistan. Among the many treatment options available for renal calculi, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is among the commonest owing to its non-invasive nature, however, it has its drawbacks; one being limitation against dense stones.
Objective: To assess association between stone density (detected on CT KUB) and ESWL outcome among patients with renal calculi.
Methodology: This clinical trial was conducted upon a sample of 150 patients (of either gender, aged 16 to 70 years) presenting to the Urology out-patient, emergency and lithotripsy department of Ziauddin University Hospital with renal calculi from 30th August 2017 to 30th September 2019. After taking written informed consent, data was recorded onto a prestructured questionnaire containing inquiries pertaining to basic biodata, sociodemographic details, and disease history, inferences obtained from C.T KUB, operative notes and the eventual treatment outcome. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0.
Results: The mean age of the sample stood at 36.7 (SD ± 3.1). 104 (69.3%) patients had multiple calculi and 46(30.7%) have single calculi with mean density of 812 (SD ± 219) HU. A (having stone density <500-HU) group B (having stone density 501 to 1000-HU) and group C (having stone density >1000-HU). The success of group A was 95.34% group B was 88.5% and group C was 80.3%. Major proportion of the sample (39.3%) required up to 3 ESWL sessions. The stone density was observed to be inversely proportional to the success of ESWL.
Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that higher stone density is associated with a poor ESWL outcome and thus other treatment modalities may be considered among patients with a stone density of more than 900 HU.
Depressive Symptoms in Individuals With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lambert Maude , Sheldrake Elena , Deneault Audrey-Ann , Wheeler Anne , Burke Matthew , Scratch Shannon 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceApproximately 15% to 30% of individuals with a history of concussion present with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS). Individuals with PPCS are at greater risk of experiencing depressive symptoms.ObjectiveTo synthesize the association between depressive symptoms and PPCS in children, adolescents, and adults via meta-analysis and to investigate potential moderators of that association.Data SourcesSystematic search of Ovid Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Embase from 1995 to January 2022 was performed. Additionally, references from included studies were hand-searched to ensure relevant articles were captured in the search.Study SelectionStudies that involved participants who experienced PPCS and quantified depressive symptoms were included. The definition of PPCS was limited to physician-diagnosed or self-reported concussion, with symptoms lasting for a minimum of 4 weeks postinjury. Two authors independently screened all articles to determine study eligibility.Data Extraction and SynthesisStudy characteristics were extracted independently by 2 trained investigators. Study data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis.ExposurePPCS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe the primary outcome was depressive symptoms.ResultsData were extracted from 18 studies with a total of 9101 participants. Of the 18 studies, all were cohort studies, and 13 (72%) comprised adult populations. The mean (SD) time since concussion was 21.3 (18.7) weeks. After accounting for potential publication bias, the random-effects meta-analysis found a significant positive association between PPCS and depressive symptoms, (odds ratio, 4.56; 95% CI, 2.82-7.37; P &amp;lt; .001). There were no significant moderators, likely due to the small number of studies included.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis, experiencing PPCS was associated with a higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. There are several important clinical and health policy implications of the findings. Most notably, the development of strategies for effective prevention and earlier intervention to optimize mental health recovery following a concussion should be supported.
Types and Concentrations of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Adults With Peripheral Neuropathies
Authors: Fundaun Joel , Kolski Melissa , Molina-Álvarez Miguel , Baskozos Georgios , Schmid Annina B. 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePeripheral neuropathies are common conditions and can result in numbness, paresthesia, motor deficits, and pain. There is increasing evidence for the use of biomarkers as clinical indicators of the presence, severity, and prognosis of nerve lesions; however, biomarker identification has largely been focused on disorders of the central nervous system, and less is known about their role in the peripheral nervous system.ObjectiveTo assess blood-based biomarker concentrations associated with nerve involvement in patients with peripheral neuropathy compared with control participants.Data SourcesOvid, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from inception to September 23, 2021.Study SelectionObservational studies reporting on blood biomarkers in patients diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy were included. This review was preregistered on PROSPERO and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Data were abstracted by 1 investigator and independently reviewed by a second.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were meta-analyzed when at least 2 studies reported the same biomarker with comparable methodology. Fixed-effects models were used when only 2 studies were included; random-effects models were used when more than 2 studies were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was concentration of biomarkers.ResultsThis review included 36 studies reporting on 4414 participants, including 2113 control participants and 2301 patients with peripheral neuropathy with 13 distinct peripheral neuropathy diagnoses. Diabetic neuropathy was the most common neuropathy diagnosis (13 studies), followed by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (6 studies) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (6 studies). Overall, 16 different blood-based biomarkers associated with nerve involvement were evaluated. The most used were neurofilament light chain, S100B, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neuron-specific enolase. Patients with peripheral neuropathy demonstrated significantly higher levels of neurofilament light chain compared with controls (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82 to 1.05];P &amp;lt; .001). There were no significant differences in levels of S100B (SMD, 1.10 [95% CI, −3.08 to 5.28];P = .38), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD, −0.52 [95% CI, −2.23 to 1.19];P = .40), or neuron-specific enolase (SMD, −0.00 [95% CI, −1.99 to 1.98];P = .10) in patients with peripheral neuropathy compared with control participants.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of neurofilament light chain as a blood-based measure associated with the presence of neuronal injury in patients with peripheral neuropathy.