bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p90RSK2, a new MLCK, rescues contractility in myosin light chain kinase null smooth muscle
Authors: Kalra Jaspreet , Artamonov Mykhaylo , Wang Hua , Franke Aaron , Markowska Zaneta , Jin Li , Derewenda Zygmunt S. , Ayon Ramon , Somlyo Avril 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhosphorylation of smooth muscle (SM) myosin regulatory light chain (RLC20) is a critical switch leading to contraction or cell migration. The canonical view held that the only kinase catalyzing this reaction is the short isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK1). Auxiliary kinases may be involved and play a vital role in blood pressure homeostasis. We have previously reported that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2) functions as such a kinase, in parallel with the classical MLCK1, contributing ∼25% of the maximal myogenic force in resistance arteries and regulating blood pressure. Here, we take advantage of a MLCK1 null mouse to further test our hypothesis that RSK2 can function as an MLCK, playing a significant physiological role in SM contractility.MethodsFetal (E14.5-18.5) SM tissues were used as embryos die at birth. We investigated the necessity of MLCK for contractility, cell migration and fetal development and determined the ability of RSK2 kinase to compensate for the lack of MLCK and characterized it’s signaling pathway in SM.ResultsAgonists induced contraction and RLC20phosphorylation inmylk1-/-SM, that was inhibited by RSK2 inhibitors. Embryos developed and cells migrated in the absence of MLCK. The pCa-tension relationships in WT vsmylk1-/-muscles demonstrated a Ca2+-dependency due to the Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2, known to activate PDK1 that phosphorylates and fully activates RSK2. The magnitude of contractile responses was similar upon addition of GTPγS to activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway. The Ca2+-independent component was through activation of Erk1/2/PDK1/RSK2 leading to direct phosphorylation of RLC20, to increase contraction. RSK2, PDK1, Erk1/2 and MLCK formed a signaling complex on the actin filament, optimally positioning them for interaction with adjacent myosin heads.ConclusionsRSK2 signaling constitutes a new third signaling pathway, in addition to the established Ca2+/CAM/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK pathways to regulate SM contractility and cell migration.
Artificial cerebellum on FPGA: Realistic real-time cerebellar spiking neural network model capable of real-world adaptive motor control
Authors: Shinji Yusuke , Okuno Hirotsugu , Hirata Yutaka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cerebellum plays a central role in motor control and learning. Its neuronal network architecture, firing characteristics of component neurons, and learning rules at their synapses have been well understood in terms of anatomy and physiology. A realistic artificial cerebellum with mimetic network architecture and synaptic plasticity mechanisms may allow us to analyze cerebellar information processing in real world by applying it to adaptive control of actual machines. Several artificial cerebellums have previously been constructed, but they required a high-performance hardware to run in real time for real-world machine control. Presently, we implemented an artificial cerebellum with the size of 104spiking neuron models on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) which is compact, lightweight, portable, and low-power-consumption. In the implementation three novel techniques are employed: 1) 16-bit fixed-point operation with randomized rounding, 2) fully connected spike information transmission, 3) alternative memory that uses pseudo-random number generators. We demonstrate that the FPGA artificial cerebellum runs in real time, and its component neuron models behave as those in the corresponding artificial cerebellum configured on a personal computer in Python. We applied the FPGA artificial cerebellum to adaptive control of a machine in real-world and demonstrate that the artificial cerebellum is capable of adaptively reducing control error after sudden load changes. This is the first implementation and demonstration of a spiking artificial cerebellum on an FPGA applicable to real-world adaptive control. The FPGA artificial cerebellum may provide neuroscientific insights into cerebellar information processing in adaptive motor control and may be applied to various neuro-devices to augment and extend human motor control capabilities.
Leading Basic Modes of Spontaneous Activity Drive Individual Functional Connectivity Organization in the Resting Human Brain
Authors: Chen Xi , Ren Haoda , Tang Zhonghua , Zhou Ke , Zhou Liqin , Zuo Zhentao , Cui Xiaohua , Chen Xiaosong , Liu Zonghua , He Yong , Liao Xuhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpontaneous activity of the human brain provides a window to explore intrinsic principles of functional organization. However, most studies have focused on interregional functional connectivity. The principles underlying rich repertoires of instantaneous activity remain largely unknown. We apply a novel eigen-microstate analysis to three resting-state functional MRI datasets to identify basic modes that represent fundamental activity patterns that coexist over time. We identify a few (i.e., five) leading basic modes that dominate activity fluctuations. Each of these modes exhibits a distinct functional system-dependent coactivation pattern and corresponds to specific cognitive profiles. In particular, the spatial pattern of the first leading basis mode shows the separation of activity between the default-mode and primary and attention regions. We further reconstruct individual functional connectivity as the weighted contribution of these leading basic modes based on theoretical modelling. Moreover, these leading basic modes capture sleep deprivation-induced changes in brain activity and interregional connectivity, primarily involving the default-mode and task-positive regions. Our findings reveal a dominant set of basic modes of spontaneous activity that reflect multiplexed interregional coordination and drive conventional functional connectivity, furthering the understanding of the functional significance of spontaneous brain activity.
“Hugging the middle” on selection of educational philosophy: empirical evidence from higher education in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Kunjumuhammed Siraj Kariyilaparambu , Tabash Bassam Khalil Hamdan , Pandurugan Vaidehi 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis research aims to examine the educational philosophy of teachers in classrooms. Teachers' educational philosophy influences the power balance, course content function, student and teacher roles, responsibility for learning and assessment purposes and processes. The research also analyzes whether gender, qualification, specialization and experience significantly influence classroom educational philosophies.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a quantitative research design, utilizing data from 193 teachers working in a public higher education institution in the Sultanate of Oman. The study utilized a survey method to solicit data from the respondents. Besides utilizing descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, the study used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test to test the hypotheses.FindingsAnalysis revealed an instructional strategy's preference, including elements of both teacher-centered and student-centered educational philosophies. Elements of progressivism, constructivism, reconstructivism and perennialism are more relevant in the teacher's instructional design. The results show no significant differences in teachers' pedagogical philosophy that exist based on gender, specialization and experience. However, teachers' age significantly influences their educational philosophy preferences.Research limitations/implicationsThis research centers on a public higher education institution in the Sultanate of Oman, with a particular focus on the Department of Business Studies. This resarch delimits its discussion on teachers' chosen educational philosophy. Other possible factors may also impact student retention and effective teaching and learning.Practical implicationsThis research offers valuable insights to academicians, higher education administrators, and policymakers. Specifically, this research emphasizes the significance of employing a blended approach, which incorporates both student-centered and teacher-centered educational philosophies, to enhance student engagement, retention, and effective teaching and learning.Social implicationsThis research emphasizes the importance of educators' adoption of a blended educational philosophy in promoting student retention and engagement within higher education institutions. To achieve desirable outcomes, policymakers in higher education must ascertain which educational philosophy is most effective in the classroom. Additionally, ensuring congruence between preferred educational philosophy and teachers’ instructional practices is vital in facilitating effective teaching and learning.Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind among teachers in higher education in the Sultanate of Oman. The outcome of this study helps detail the specific strategies teachers deploy and categorize into various educational philosophies.
Business schools’ transformation towards sustainability: empirical insights from UN PRME signatories
Authors: Godemann Jasmin , Nguyen Bich-Ngoc , Herzig Christian 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to present the progress of the implementation of sustainability in business schools in line with the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) and its principles of responsible management education.

Design/methodology/approach
By analyzing the content of the Sharing of Information on Progress reports from PRME signatories, this study identified significant developments in the strategies business school use to implement sustainability. However, it seems that a framework that business schools can apply to accomplish that goal is still lacking. This paper proposes a framework that addresses four components of the integration process and stresses the important role of stakeholders. The authors discuss the results from 2021 in comparison to the results of a previous analysis of the first 100 signatories from 2010 and analyze the findings in relation to the developed framework.

Findings
This study shows that business schools have improved their sustainability engagement in many areas (e.g. education offerings and teaching methods, campus practices and engaging stakeholders). However, less attention has been paid to other aspects, such as reviewing and assessing, capability development or communication, which could slow the transformation process. The authors discuss further implications of the findings for enhancing the PRME signatories’ ability to implement the underrecognized aspects.

Originality/value
While the analysis focuses on the status and progress of the integration of PRME within business schools during the past decade, the framework may enable higher education institutions to analyze their potential to implement change and plan future transformation strategies.
Entrepreneurial micro-ecosystem development: the communality of craft breweries
Authors: Perry Lane Graves , Woolard Nathan 
Published: May 2023

PurposeLeveraging the boom of a craft beer renaissance, this paper explores social capital theory through the impact of the craft brewing industry. The exploration addresses entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems that share one commonality – the need for community development and revitalization. North Carolina's deregulation of craft brewing (Pop-the-Cap Initiative, 2005) led to a boom of brewery startups, from 54 in 2010 to more than 380 in 2022.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study focuses on 15 brewery founders who have launched ventures within a few years of the Pop-the-Cap Initiative. This included 15% of those breweries launched between 2012 and 2017. Naturalistic Inquiry methodology was utilized, and semi-structured interviews, observations, and artifact analyses were applied to each participant via content analysis and NVivo.FindingsFramed by two contributing entrepreneurial mindset factors (anti-establishment mindset and business-person's burden mindset) and three external entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems conditions (community conditions, doom and boom conditions, and economic conditions), these emergent themes represent the ecosystem contributors (mindsets/conditions) associated with startup success and social value creation in rural and downtrodden urban areas.Research limitations/implicationsThis study facilitated a deep dive into two evolving entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems (rural/urban) through the perspective of brewery startups. It illuminated the actors, conditions, and domains in play. Conceptualizations of “nestedness” (Spigel, 2022) with “microfoundations” (Wurth et al., 2022) integrated to see a specific sector (craft brewing) developing within a sub-ecosystem's capacity to help frame and “understand the co-evolution of agents with entrepreneurial ecosystems” (Cho et al., 2022). Additionally, antecedents to the birth of local economies suggest the value of agents involved in evolution of nascent local economies (Cho et al., 2022). These findings reinforce developing literature while presenting opportunities for future studies.Social implicationsCraft breweries in rural and urban environments represent third places within communities. Third places can be recognized as conduits for developing social capital among individuals, groups, and firms. High levels of social capital positively impact communities. These conditions helped anchor tenants thrive and did not occur accidently. They are intentional value propositions of entrepreneurs and ecosystem conditions.Originality/valueBrewery entrepreneurs were aware of their contribution to social capital value, economic impact (e.g., tax revenue, jobs, space, attraction/destination, etc.), and how these facets interplay as revitalizing anchor tenants (i.e., craft breweries). Insight into how entrepreneurs come to understand and recognize their impact on community through social capital development and the economy can aid in further support ecosystems at the community level.
Post-fire investigation on the mechanical properties and physical characteristics of fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete
Authors: Prasad Burle Vijaya , Kiran Tattukolla , Anand N. , Andrushia Diana , Al-Jabri Khalifa 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe construction industries at present are focusing on designing sustainable concrete with less carbon footprint. Considering this aspect, a Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (FGC) was developed with 8 and 10 molarities (M). At elevated temperatures, concrete experiences deterioration of its mechanical properties which is in some cases associated with spalling, leading to the building collapse.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, six geopolymer-based mix proportions are prepared with crimped steel fibre (SF), polypropylene fibre (PF), basalt fibre (BF), a hybrid mixture consisting of (SF + PF), a hybrid mixture with (SF + BF), and a reference specimen (without fibres). After temperature exposure, ultrasonic pulse velocity, physical characteristics of damaged concrete, loss of compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (TS), and flexural strength (FS) of concrete are assessed. A polynomial relationship is developed between residual strength properties of concrete, and it showed a good agreement.FindingsThe test results concluded that concrete with BF showed a lower loss in CS after 925 °C (i.e. 60 min of heating) temperature exposure. In the case of TS, and FS, the concrete with SF had lesser loss in strength. After 986 °C and 1029 °C exposure, concrete with the hybrid combination (SF + BF) showed lower strength deterioration in CS, TS, and FS as compared to concrete with PF and SF + PF. The rate of reduction in strength is similar to that of GC-BF in CS, GC-SF in TS and FS.Originality/valuePerformance evaluation under fire exposure is necessary for FGC. In this study, we provided the mechanical behaviour and physical properties of SF, PF, and BF-based geopolymer concrete exposed to high temperatures, which were evaluated according to ISO standards. In addition, micro-structural behaviour and linear polynomials are observed.
A hybrid agent-based model integrated with a multi-stage learning-based fuzzy cognitive map
Authors: Kocabey Ciftci Pinar , Unutmaz Durmusoglu Zeynep Didem 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis article proposes a novel hybrid simulation model for understanding the complex tobacco use behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe model is developed by embedding the concept of the multistage learning-based fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) into the agent-based model (ABM) in order to benefit from advantageous of each methodology. The ABM is used to represent individual level behaviors while the FCM is used as a decision support mechanism for individuals. In this study, socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, tobacco control policies, and social network effect are taken into account to reflect the current tobacco use system of Turkey. The effects of plain package and COVID-19 on tobacco use behaviors of individuals are also searched under different scenarios.FindingsThe findings indicate that the proposed model provides promising results for representing the mental models of agents. Besides, the scenario analyses help to observe the possible reactions of people to new conditions according to characteristics.Originality/valueThe proposed method combined ABM and FCM with a multi-stage learning phases for modeling a complex and dynamic social problem as close as real life. It is expected to contribute for both ABM and tobacco use literature.
Numerical investigation on the premature and extended contact behaviour of engineering thermoplastic gears and its effect in gear kinematics
Authors: Vignesh S. , Johnney Mertens A. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis research work aims to determine the maximum load a thermoplastic gear can withstand without the occurrence of extended contact. The extended contact of polymer gears is usually overlooked in basic design calculations, although it considerably affects the gear's load-carrying ability. Although various researchers highlighted the phenomenon, an extensive investigation of the extended contact behaviour is limited. Hence the work aims to investigate the premature and extended contact behaviour of thermoplastic gears and its effect in the gear kinematics, bending stiffness, stresses induced and the roll angle subtended by the gear pair.Design/methodology/approachThe work uses finite element method to perform quasi-static two-dimensional analysis of the meshing gear teeth. The FE model was developed in AutoCAD and analysed using ANSYS 19.1 simulation package. A three-dimensional gear model with all the teeth is computationally intensive for solving a static analysis problem. Hence, planar analysis with a reduced number of teeth is considered to reduce the computational time and difficulty.FindingsThe roll angle subtended at the centre by the path of approach is higher than the path of recess because of the increased load sharing. The contact stress profile followed a unique R-F-R-F pattern in the premature and extended contact regions due to the driven tip-driver flank surface contact. A non-dimensional parameter was formulated correlating the young's modulus, the load applied and deflection induced that can be utilised to predict the occurrence of premature and extended contact in thermoplastic gears.Originality/valueThe gear rating standards for polymer gears are formulated from the conventional metal gears which does not include the effect of gear tooth deflection. The work attempts to explain the gear tooth deflection for various standard thermoplastics and its effect in kinematics. Likewise, a new dimensionless number was introduced to predict the extended contact that will help in appropriate selection of load reducing the possibility of wear.
Investigation of the effect of preparation processes on CO2 laser-faded denim fabric quality
Authors: Uysaler Tuna , Altay Pelin , Özcan Gülay 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
In the denim industry, enzyme washing and its combination with stone washing are generally used to get the desired worn-out look. However, these conventional methods include high water, energy and time consumption. Nowadays, laser fading, which is a computer-controlled, dry, ecological finishing method, is preferred in the denim fading process. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of chemical pretreatment applications on laser-faded denim fabric in terms of color and mechanical properties. To eliminate the enzyme washing process in denim fading and to minimize the disadvantages of laser fading, such as decreased mechanical properties and increased fabric yellowness, various chemical pretreatment applications were applied to the denim fabric before laser fading, followed by simple rinsing instead of enzyme washing.

Design/methodology/approach
Two different indigo-dyed, organic cotton denim fabrics with different unit weights were exposed to pretreatment processes and then laser treatment, followed by simple rinsing. Polysilicic acid, boric acid, borax and bicarbonate were used for pretreatment processes, and laser treatment was carried out under optimized laser parameters (40 dpi resolution and 300 µs pixel time). Tensile strength was tested, and color values (CIE L*, a*, b*, ΔE*, C* and h), color yield (K/S), yellowness and whiteness indexes were measured to identify the color differences.

Findings
Before laser fading, 30 g/L and 40 g/L polysilicic acid pretreatments for sulfur-indigo-dyed fabric and a mixture of 10 g/L boric acid and 10 g/L borax pretreatments for the fabric only indigo-dyed were recommended for the laser fading with sufficient mechanical properties and good color values.

Originality/value
With the chemical pretreatments defined in this study, it was possible to reduce yellowness and maintain the mechanical properties after laser fading, thus minimizing the disadvantages of laser treatment and also eliminating enzyme washing.
Toward a Values‐Informed Approach to Complexity in Health Care: Hermeneutic Review
Authors: GREENHALGH TRISHA , ENGEBRETSEN EIVIND , BAL ROLAND , KJELLSTRÖM SOFIA 
Published: May 2023

Policy PointsThe concept of value complexity (complexity arising from differences in people's worldviews, interests, and values, leading to mistrust, misunderstanding, and conflict among stakeholders) is introduced and explained.Relevant literature from multiple disciplines is reviewed.Key theoretical themes, including power, conflict, language and framing, meaning‐making, and collective deliberation, are identified.Simple rules derived from these theoretical themes are proposed.
Back into Focus: Women Filmmakers, the Amateur Trade Press and 1960s British Amateur Cinema
Authors: Johnston Keith M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile recent scholarship has helped uncover specific stories of women in different commercial cinema industries, there remains a lacuna around the role of amateur women filmmakers within national amateur contexts. Where male amateur filmmaking has often been linked to a range of solitary or group‐based leisure pursuits, we cannot make the same assumption about women amateur filmmaker’s involvement in social groups, not least due to the gendered nature of domestic and non‐work activities in the post‐war era. This article considers the representation of women's creative labour across the 1960s within a dominant and patriarchal trade journal, Britain's Amateur Cine World. Combining feminist and digital humanities approaches allows us to analyse data from this magazine to reveal recurring debates and tensions around women's amateur creativity, with particular concerns around domesticity, leisure and the gendered nature of technology.