bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lee Seung Hun , Kim Hyun Kuk , Ahn Jong-Hwa , Kang Min Gyu , Kim Kye-Hwan , Bae Jae Seok , Cho Sang Young , Koh Jin-Sin , Park Yongwhi , Hwang Seok Jae , Gorog Diana A , Tantry Udaya S , Bliden Kevin P , Gurbel Paul A , Hwang Jin-Yong , Jeong Young-Hoon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Atherothrombotic events are influenced by systemic hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic activity. The present study evaluated thrombogenicity indices and their prognostic implications according to disease acuity.

Methods and results
From the consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), those with thrombogenicity indices (n = 2705) were grouped according to disease acuity [acute myocardial infarction (AMI) vs. non-AMI]. Thrombogenicity indices were measured by thromboelastography (TEG). Blood samples for TEG were obtained immediately after insertion of the PCI sheath, and TEG tracing was performed within 4 h post-sampling. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke) were evaluated for up to 4 years. Compared with non-AMI patients, AMI patients had higher platelet-fibrin clot strength [maximal amplitude (MA): 66.5 ± 7.8 vs. 65.3 ± 7.2 mm, P &lt; 0.001] and lower fibrinolytic activity [clot lysis at 30 min (LY30): 0.9 ± 1.8% vs. 1.1 ± 1.9%, P &lt; 0.001]. Index AMI presentation was associated with MA [per one-mm increase: odds ratio (OR): 1.024; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013–1.036; P &lt; 0.001] and LY30 (per one% increase: OR: 0.934; 95% CI: 0.893–0.978; P = 0.004). The presence of high platelet-fibrin clot strength (MA ≥68 mm) and low fibrinolytic activity (LY30 &lt; 0.2%) was synergistically associated with MACE occurrence. In the multivariable analysis, the combined phenotype of ‘MA ≥ 68 mm’ and ‘LY30 &lt; 0.2%’ was a major predictor of post-PCI MACE in the AMI group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.744; 95% CI: 1.135–2.679; P = 0.011], but not in the non-AMI group (adjusted HR: 1.031; 95% CI: 0.499–2.129; P = 0.935).

Conclusion
AMI occurrence is significantly associated with hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolysis. Their combined phenotype increases the risk of post-PCI atherothrombotic event only in AMI patients. These observations may support individualized therapy that targets thrombogenicity for better outcomes in patients with AMI.

Clinical Trial Registration
Gyeongsang National University Hospital (G-NUH) Registry, NCT04650529.
Fate of the unoperated ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm: three-decade experience from the Aortic Institute at Yale University
Authors: Wu Jinlin , Zafar Mohammad A , Liu Yiwei , Chen Julia Fayanne , Li Yupeng , Ziganshin Bulat A , Ellauzi Hesham , Mukherjee Sandip K , Rizzo John A , Elefteriades John A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aims to outline the ‘true’ natural history of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) based on a cohort of patients not undergoing surgical intervention.Methods and resultsThe outcomes, risk factors, and growth rates of 964 unoperated ATAA patients were investigated, over a median follow-up of 7.9 (maximum of 34) years. The primary endpoint was adverse aortic events (AAE), including dissection, rupture, and aortic death. At aortic sizes of 3.5–3.9, 4.0–4.4, 4.5–4.9, 5.0–5.4, 5.5–5.9, and ≥6.0 cm, the average yearly risk of AAE was 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 1.4%, 2.0%, and 3.5%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001), and the 10-year survival free from AAE was 97.8%, 98.2%, 97.3%, 84.6%, 80.4%, and 70.9%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). The risk of AAE was relatively flat until 5 cm of aortic size, at which it began to increase rapidly (P for non-linearity &lt;0.001). The mean annual growth rate was estimated to be 0.10 ± 0.01 cm/year. Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms grew in a very slow manner, and aortic growth over 0.2 cm/year was rarely seen. Multivariable Cox regression identified aortic size [hazard ratio (HR): 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50–2.11, P &lt; 0.001] and age (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05, P = 0.015) as significant independent risk factors for AAE. Interestingly, hyperlipidemia (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23–0.91, P = 0.025) was found to be a significant protective factor for AAE in univariable Cox regression.ConclusionAn aortic size of 5 cm, rather than 5.5 cm, may be a more appropriate intervention criterion for prophylactic ATAA repair. Aortic growth may not be an applicable indicator for intervention.
Metabolic engineering ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor glycerol utilization
Authors: Yu Ziqian , Chang Zhao , Lu Yinhua , Xiao Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to its wide availability, glycerol is considered as a promising alternative feedstock for microbial fermentation. As a model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly adopted for bioproduction of various bulk and value-added chemicals, but it does not efficiently utilize glycerol. In this review, the metabolic pathway of glycerol and its regulation in S. cerevisiae are first introduced. Then, strategies, including metabolic engineering of the endogenous pathway, introduction of exogenous pathways, adaptive evolution, and reverse metabolic engineering, are summarized for improving the glycerol utilization in S. cerevisiae. Finally, methods for further improving glycerol utilization by S. cerevisiae are proposed. This review provides insights for designing engineered S. cerevisiae for efficient utilization of glycerol.
Promotive and risk factors for children’s mental health—Finnish municipal policymakers’ and leading officeholders’ views
Authors: Savolainen Outi , Sormunen Marjorita , Turunen Hannele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFindings on children’s mental health promotion at the policy level are scarce, and the perceptions of the municipal administration on factors affecting children’s mental health have not been reported. This study describes the perspectives of policymakers and leading officeholders on promotive and risk factors for children’s mental health in a socioecological context. The perspectives of Finnish policymakers (n = 15) and officeholders (n = 10) in municipalities were examined using semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis and were categorized according to the five levels of a socioecological model of health promotion: public policy, community, organizational, interpersonal and individual levels. The public policy level emerged strongly in the findings, specifically strategic planning and implementation challenges related to the promotion of children’s mental health in the municipality and state administration. At the community level, environmental factors promoting children’s mental health as well as risk factors were described. The organizational level consisted of support, requirements and development needs in children’s services. The importance of family and close networks at the interpersonal level, as well as the individual basis of mental health, were also evident. The integration and better collaboration of child and family services, the use of child rights impact assessment in political decision-making, and financial support from the state could contribute to improving strategic planning to support children’s mental health at the municipal level.
The insurance role in workplace health promotion: a comparative analysis of the United States and the Philippines
Authors: Mendoza Roger Lee 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThere is a void in the health promotion literature concerning the role of health insurance. This study offers a comparative analysis of employee health insurance in the United States and the Philippines. As the first study of its kind, it examines insurance as an instrument of health promotion policy for improving population health and reducing healthcare costs. The following questions guide this study: (i) How has insurance coverage of employee healthcare in these two countries evolved and changed over time, and why? (ii) What factors incentivize payers (employers and insurers) to incorporate health promotion into their health plans, even if health promotion does not fall within the traditional ambit of insurance? and (iii) How does health promotion through the insurance vehicle operate cost-efficiently and within the Global Health Promotion framework of the World Health Organization (WHO)? US and Philippine public-use datasets were gathered and disaggregated to address these questions. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the US and universal healthcare legislation leading to the Universal Healthcare Act (UHC) in the Philippines initiated major paradigmatic shifts in insurance coverage. Health literacy, behavioral change and social equity are objectives pursued in both countries by mandating and/or nudging payers to offer health screenings, wellness and fitness programs and primary preventive and diagnostic services. By providing a means to finance access to promotive health and encourage individual responsibility for risk prevention (‘healthism’), insurance influences social attitudes about health. However, our findings indicate that outcomes and relative success vary depending on a country’s insurance environment, its regulation and the economic, political and socio-cultural forces that affect or shape it (e.g. private markets vs. multi-payer system). Contextual realities also drive incentives and rewards to payers and users of promotive health benefits against the backdrop of financial risk or exposure.
Microscopic and metabolic investigations disclose the factors that lead to skin cracking in chili-type pepper fruit varieties
Authors: Marinov Ofir , Nomberg Gal , Sarkar Sutanni , Arya Gulab Chand , Karavani Eldad , Zelinger Einat , Manasherova Ekaterina , Cohen Hagai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle encasing the fruit skin surface plays critical roles during fruit development and post-harvest. Skin failure often results in the fruit surface cracking and forming a wound-periderm tissue made of suberin and lignin. The factors that make the fruit skin susceptible to cracking have yet to be fully understood. Herein, we investigated two varieties of chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), Numex Garnet, whose fruit has intact skin, and Vezena Slatka, whose fruit has cracked skin. Microscopical observations, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, biochemical and gene expression assays revealed that Vezena Slatka fruit form a thicker cuticle with greater levels of cutin monomers and hydroxycinnamic acids, and highly express key cutin-related genes. The skin of these fruit also had a lower epidermal cell density due to cells with very large perimeters, and highly express genes involved in epidermal cell differentiation. We demonstrate that skin cracking in the Vezena Slatka fruit is accompanied by a spatial accumulation of lignin-like polyphenolic compounds, without the formation of a typical wound-periderm tissues made of suberized cells. Lastly, we establish that skin cracking in chili-type pepper significantly affects fruit quality during post-harvest storage in a temperature-dependent manner. In conclusion, our data highlight cuticle thickness and epidermal cell density as two critical factors determining fruit skin susceptibility to cracking in chili-type pepper fruit.
Remote Work, Work Measurement and the State of Work Research in Human-Centred Computing
Authors: Gould Sandy J. J. , Rudnicka Anna , Cook Dave , Cecchinato Marta E. , Newbold Joseph W. , Cox Anna L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the past few decades, a small but growing group of people have worked remotely from their homes. With the arrival of the coronavirus pandemic, millions of people found themselves joining this group overnight. In this position paper, we examine the kinds of work that ‘went remote’ in response to the pandemic, and consider the ways in which this transition was influenced by (and in turn came to influence) contemporary trends in digital workplace measurement and evaluation. We see that employers appeared reluctant to let certain classes of employee work remotely. When the pandemic forced staff home, employers compensated by turning to digital surveillance tools, even though, as we argue, these tools seem unable to overcome the significant conceptual barriers to understanding how people are working. We also observed that, in the United Kingdom context, the pandemic didn’t mean remote work for a significant proportion of the population. We assert that, to maximize its impact, ‘future of work’ research in human-centred computing must be more inclusive and representative of work, rather than focusing on the experiences of knowledge workers and those involved in new forms of work.
Using electronic health record data to link families: an illustrative example using intergenerational patterns of obesity
Authors: Krefman Amy E , Ghamsari Farhad , Turner Daniel R , Lu Alice , Borsje Martin , Wood Colby Witherup , Petito Lucia C , Polubriaginof Fernanda C G , Schneider Daniel , Ahmad Faraz , Allen Norrina B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health record (EHR) data are a valuable resource for population health research but lack critical information such as relationships between individuals. Emergency contacts in EHRs can be used to link family members, creating a population that is more representative of a community than traditional family cohorts.

Materials and Methods
We revised a published algorithm: relationship inference from the electronic health record (RIFTEHR). Our version, Pythonic RIFTEHR (P-RIFTEHR), identifies a patient’s emergency contacts, matches them to existing patients (when available) using network graphs, checks for conflicts, and infers new relationships. P-RIFTEHR was run on December 15, 2021 in the Northwestern Medicine Electronic Data Warehouse (NMEDW) on approximately 2.95 million individuals and was validated using the existing link between children born at NM hospitals and their mothers. As proof-of-concept, we modeled the association between parent and child obesity using logistic regression.

Results
The P-RIFTEHR algorithm matched 1 157 454 individuals in 448 278 families. The median family size was 2, the largest was 32 persons, and 247 families spanned 4 generations or more. Validation of the mother–child pairs resulted in 95.1% sensitivity. Children were 2 times more likely to be obese if a parent is obese (OR: 2.30; 95% CI, 2.23–2.37).

Conclusion
P-RIFTEHR can identify familiar relationships in a large, diverse population in an integrated health system. Estimates of parent–child inheritability of obesity using family structures identified by the algorithm were consistent with previously published estimates from traditional cohort studies.
Gene expression reveals immune response strategies of naïve Hawaiian honeycreepers experimentally infected with introduced avian malaria
Authors: Paxton Kristina L , Cassin-Sackett Loren , Atkinson Carter T , Videvall Elin , Campana Michael G , Fleischer Robert C 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe unprecedented rise in the number of new and emerging infectious diseases in the last quarter century poses direct threats to human and wildlife health. The introduction to the Hawaiian archipelago of Plasmodium relictum and the mosquito vector that transmits the parasite has led to dramatic losses in endemic Hawaiian forest bird species. Understanding how mechanisms of disease immunity to avian malaria may evolve is critical as climate change facilitates increased disease transmission to high elevation habitats where malaria transmission has historically been low and the majority of the remaining extant Hawaiian forest bird species now reside. Here, we compare the transcriptomic profiles of highly susceptible Hawai‘i ‘amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) experimentally infected with P. relictum to those of uninfected control birds from a naïve high elevation population. We examined changes in gene expression profiles at different stages of infection to provide an in-depth characterization of the molecular pathways contributing to survival or mortality in these birds. We show that the timing and magnitude of the innate and adaptive immune response differed substantially between individuals that survived and those that succumbed to infection, and likely contributed to the observed variation in survival. These results lay the foundation for developing gene-based conservation strategies for Hawaiian honeycreepers by identifying candidate genes and cellular pathways involved in the pathogen response that correlate with a bird’s ability to recover from malaria infection.
Subjects, disciplines, and practices
Authors: Winch Christopher 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article attempts to show how Hirst’s earlier work on forms of knowledge, and his later work on education as an inculcation into practices, have close connections, closer than those made explicit in his own writings. In fact, it can be argued that, in some sense, the idea of a practice is fundamental to understanding the ways in which knowledge is organized, and thus to the epistemic claim that knowledge is organized differently according to the various ways in which it is acquired and evaluated. This approach allows us to make a distinction between disciplines and subjects that in turn allow us to distinguish knowledge-seeking from knowledge-transmitting activities, particularly in the context of school subjects and thus to bring out more clearly the relationship between the practical side of knowledge acquisition and evaluation, on the one hand, and the structure of the knowledge thus acquired, on the other. By doing this, we can see an underlying unity in Hirst’s concerns that is not so obvious at first sight.
Quasi-experimental Controlled Study on the Effect of Autism Resource Clinic Guardian Attendance at a Military Treatment Facility
Authors: Hensley Jennifer L , Beydoun Hind A 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that requires multidisciplinary care. Evidence-based practice indicates that early intervention may improve long-term ASD outcomes. The Autism Resource Clinic (ARC) provides an educational session for guardians empowering them to build a personalized ASD team for their child. We examined the impact of guardian attendance of an ARC at a Military Treatment Facility on time to initiation of patient services and guardian stress level.

Materials and Methods
A quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted comparing a group of guardians attending the ARC with a group of guardians not attending the ARC following a child’s initial ASD diagnosis. ARC speakers included medical, county/state, community/military, and advocacy experts. Surveys were completed at diagnosis, 1, 2, and 3 mo postdiagnosis. Initiation of patient services and Parental Stress Scale scores were compared between groups using independent samples t-test, chi-square tests, or nonparametric tests, as appropriate.

Results
Use of Applied Behavioral Analysis was significantly higher among ARC attendees vs. nonattendees (73.3% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.028). County early intervention was more frequent among ARC attendees versus nonattendees (40% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.09). Of borderline significance, median time to initiation of genetics services was greater in ARC attendees vs. nonattendees (106 vs. 65.5, P = 0.10). The two groups did not differ on changes in Parental Stress Scale score from baseline to follow-up months 1, 2, or 3.

Conclusions
Although ARC did not influence time to initiation of patient services or guardian stress level, attendance of ARC was associated with more frequent use of Applied Behavioral Analysis services and county early intervention services. This pilot study is unique as it targets guardians of ASD patients within military treatment facilities. Study limitations include data collection during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, sequential evaluation of experimental and control groups, sample size and generalizability. A large, multicenter, randomized controlled trial is required to better assess the impact of this educational opportunity among military populations.
Assessing model-based carbon and oxygen abundance derivation from ultraviolet emission lines in AGNs
Authors: Pérez-Montero E , Amorín R , Pérez-Díaz B , Vílchez J M , García-Benito R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an adapted version of the code HII-CHI-mistry-UV to derive chemical abundances from emission lines in the ultraviolet, for use in narrow line regions (NLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We evaluate different ultraviolet emission line ratios and how different assumptions about the models, including the presence of dust grains, the shape of the incident spectral energy distribution, or the thickness of the gas envelope around the central source, may affect the final estimates as a function of the set of emission lines used. We compare our results with other published recipes for deriving abundances using the same emission lines and show that deriving the carbon-to-oxygen abundance ratio using C iii] λ 1909 Å and O iii] λ 1665 Å emission lines is a robust indicator of the metal content in AGN that is nearly independent of the model assumptions, similar to the case of star-forming regions. Moreover, we show that a prior determination of C/O allows for a much more precise determination of the total oxygen abundance using carbon UV lines, as opposed to assuming an arbitrary relationship between O/H and C/O, which can lead to non-negligible discrepancies.
An umbrella review of the acceptability of fiscal and pricing policies to reduce diet-related noncommunicable disease
Authors: Barry Luke E , Kee Frank , Woodside Jayne , Cawley John , Doherty Edel , Clarke Mike , Crealey Grainne E , Duggan Jim , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Poor diet has been implicated in a range of noncommunicable diseases. Fiscal and pricing policies (FPs) may offer a means by which consumption of food and non-alcoholic beverages with links to such diseases can be influenced to improve public health.

Objective
To examine the acceptability of FPs to reduce diet-related noncommunicable disease, based on systematic review evidence.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, SCI, SSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, EconLit, the Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and the Campbell Collaboration Library were searched for relevant studies published between January 1, 1990 and June 2021.

Data Extraction
The studies included systematic reviews of diet-related FPs and: used real-world evidence; examined real or perceived barriers/facilitators; targeted the price of food or non-alcoholic beverages; and applied to entire populations within a jurisdiction. A total of 9996 unique relevant records were identified, which were augmented by a search of bibliographies and recommendations from an external expert advisory panel. Following screening, 4 systematic reviews remained.

Data Analysis
Quality appraisal was conducted using the AMSTAR 2 tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken, with outcomes grouped according to the WHO-INTEGRATE criteria. The findings indicated a paucity of high-quality systematic review evidence and limited public support for the use of FPs to change dietary habits. This lack of support was related to a number of factors that included: their perceived potential to be regressive; a lack of transparency, ie, there was mistrust around the use of revenues raised; a paucity of evidence around health benefits; the deliberate choice of rates that were lower than those considered necessary to affect diet; and concerns about the potential of such FPs to harm economic outcomes such as employment.

Conclusion
The findings underscore the need for high-quality systematic review evidence on this topic, and the importance of responding to public concerns and putting in place mechanisms to address these when implementing FPs. This study was funded by Safefood [02A-2020].

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021274454.