bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG AYAM DAN NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL JAGUNG PULUT (Zea mays ceratina) PADA LAHAN GAMBUT
Authors: Muzanni Muzanni , Warganda Warganda , Hariyanti Agus 
Published: January 2023

Jagung merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman serealia yang sangat penting di dunia dan banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, termasuk di Kalimantan Barat. Produktivitas jagung di Kalimantan Barat tahun 2018 hanya mencapai 3,76 ton/ha, lebih rendah dari produktivitas tahun sebelumnya yang mencapai 3,98 ton/ha. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas jagung dapat dilakukan dengan usaha intensifikasi meliputi perbaikan kualitas tanah/lahan dengan pupuk kandang ayam serta pemupukan NPK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis interaksi pupuk kandang ayam dan NPK yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung pulut pada lahan gambut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di jl. Parit Demang gg. Nurhidayat Pontianak (22 September – 10 Desember 2021). Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan sembilan taraf perlakuan kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam dan NPK. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali, setiap ulangan terdiri dari enam tanaman sampel. Kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam (ton/ha) dan NPK (kg/ha) yang diberikan yaitu a1p1 = 10 ton/ha Pukan ayam + 150 kg/ha NPK; a1p2 = 10 ton/ha pukan ayam + 200 kg/ha NPK; a1p3 = 10 ton/ha pukan ayam + 250 kg/ha NPK; a2p1 = 15 ton/ha pukan ayam + 150 kg/ha NPK; a2p2 = 15 ton/ha pukan ayam + 200 kg/ha NPK; a2p3 = 15 ton/ha pukan ayam + 250 kg/ha NPK; a3p1 = 20 ton/ha pukan ayam + 150 kg/ha NPK ; a3p2 = 20 ton/ha pukan ayam + 200 kg/ha NPK ; a3p3 = 20 ton/ha pukan ayam + 250 kg/ha NPK. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, luas daun, diameter batang, volume akar, berat kering tanaman, berat tongkol berklobot, berat tongkol tanpa klobot, berat tongkol tanpa klobot per petak, berat tongkol tanpa klobot per petak, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, dan berat 100 biji per petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang ayam 15 ton/ha dan NPK 200 kg/ha merupakan dosis yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung pulut pada lahan gambut. Kata kunci : gambut, jagung pulut, NPK, pupuk kandang ayam
Takaful Operators and Socio-economic Objectives during the Pandemic of Covid-19: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Puad Noor Aimi Mohamad , Rafdi Nurualiani Jamlus , Zainuddin Norlita 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Takaful operations in Malaysia have proven their credibility through the remarkable achievement in market structure and net contribution income. This research paper discusses on the issues and challenges faced by Malaysian Takaful Operators in contributing for the socio-economic objectives during the pandemic of Covid-19. Methodology: In complementing this study, ten respondents from takaful industry will be interviewed in gathering their insight over the subject matter. This study is in line with the VBIT framework which have been introduced to achieve inclusive protection for the underserved or unserved segments of the society and to address relevant socio-economic issues. Findings: Based on the findings, Malaysian Takaful Operators are optimistic about their performance always seek for the best opportunity in contributing to the society. Takaful Operators also believe that all the challenges that they are currently faced would not become the barriers for them to consistently contribute to the socio-economic objectives even it is not in the pandemic era anymore. Implications: The proposed solution for the identified problems is part of the contribution in this study and can be very useful for the industry player. Some of the listed strategies are different from prior studies, and in fact, there is no study previously which have been discussing the challenges in detail.
Academic dishonesty in online English as a Foreign Language classroom
Authors: Rohmana Wahyu Indah Mala , Kamal Shofia , Amani Nailatul , As-Samawi Tazkia Adiba 
Published: January 2023

In spite of studies about academic dishonesty that have been conducted by many researchers, only a small number of studies have investigated academic integrity in online EFL classrooms at university level. The aim of this research is to seek about the occurrence and types of academic dishonesty as well as strategies that could be used by English teachers to overcome the problem. This research investigated the reason why EFL students tend to carry out academic dishonesty in online learning. Researchers used open-ended questions to gain the students opinion and responses. Rresults of this research shows that 55.6% of the respondents understood what was considered to be academic dishonesty and in the same percentage they also sometimes conducted academic dishonesty. In exam related violations, 61.1% of them sometimes looked up information on the web to get helps or answers. In assignment related violation, 38.9% responded that they sometimes shared answers of the task and collaborated with others on individually assigned work. In online session related violations, 38.9% showed that sometimes they participated in a live session from one device and did other activities at the same time. Then, reasons why they did academic dishonesty was because the assignment was too difficult and they did not learn about the material well. All in all, most of the respondents understood about academic integrity, but they still tend to cheat. Thus, this study would help EFL students and teachers to maintain the academy integrity.DOI: 10.26905/enjourme.v7i2.8827
Inventory Control Analysis of Manual Hospital Bed Assembly Units PI-108MS, PI-208MS, PI-308MS with the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) Method at PT. XYZ
Authors: Megawati Ermayana , Fardiana Arina , Saputra Wahyu Sidiq , Hurun’in Hurun’in , Ahmad Tita Latifah 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the warehouse capacity of PT. XYZ in storing hospital bed supplies can use the EOQ( Economic Order Quantity) method to determine the warehouse capacity in hospital bed supplies. The EOQ method seeks to achieve minimum inventory levels, lower costs and better quality. The EOQ method in the company will be able to minimize the occurrence of out of stock so that it does not interfere with the process and is able to save inventory costs incurred by the company. February showed that the company assembled 230 units, selling 151 units. Meanwhile, to avoid excess units, the number of assembly that must be done is 4,425 with the purchase of 2 units, Safety Stock 74.34 units and ROP 151 units. The calculation uses the EOQ method which shows that the safety stock that must always be available at PT. XYZ for unit inventory is as much as 230 units, meaning the company must have an inventory of 74.34 units in order to anticipate a shortage of units during the grace period without hampering the assembly process
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete Reinforced by Hybrid Fibers Materials: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Najm Hadee Mohammed , Ahmad Shakeel , Khan Rehan Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Combining different types of fibers inside a concrete mixture was revealed to improve the strength properties of cementitious matrices by monitoring crack initiation and propagation. The contribution of hybrid fibers needs to be thoroughly investigated, considering various parameters such as fibers type and content. The present study aims to carry out some mechanical and microstructural characteristics of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete (WOC) reinforced by hybrid fibers. Reinforcement materials consist of three different fiber types: hook-ended steel fiber (HK), crimped steel fiber (CR) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and the effect of their addition on the waste ceramic composites’ mechanical behaviour. Furthermore, a microstructural analysis was carried out to understand the waste ceramic matrix composition and its bonding to hybrid fibers. Results showed that the addition of hybrid fibers improved the strength characteristics of the ceramic waste composites. For instance, the existence of PVA-CR increased the tensile and flexural strength of the waste ceramic composite by 85.44% and 70.37%, respectively, with respect to the control sample (WOC). As well as hybrid fiber exhibits improved morphological properties as a result of increased pore filling with dense and compact structure, as well as increased C–H crystals and denser structure in pastes as a result of the incorporation of hybrid fibers into the concrete mix. The present experimental research shows the choice of using steel fiber with PVA as a reinforcement material. The idea of adding hybrid fiber is to prepare the economic, environmental, and technological concrete. Moreover, it offers a possibility for improving concrete’s durability, which is vital. Finally, it was concluded that steel fiber is more durable, and stiffer and provides adequate first crack strength and ultimate strength. In contrast, the PVA fiber is relatively flexible and improves the post-crack zone’s toughness and strain capacity.
Influence of Processes and Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced with a Nanostructured YSZ Powder
Authors: Bobzin K. , Zhao L. , Kopp N. , Warda T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, a ZrO2 – 7 % Y2O3 (YSZ) powder (-90 +16 µm) was nanostructured by high energy ball milling and sprayed using a modern three-cathode plasma generator TriplexPro- 210 as well as a conventional plasma generator F4MB-XL. The parameters were varied in order to investigate their influence on build-up, microstructure and properties of the thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Powders and coatings were characterized in terms of their morphology, microstructure and phase composition by means of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray analysis (XRD). Thermo-shock behavior of TBC was evaluated using thermal cyclic tests at 1300 °C and 1150 °C. The results show that the milled powder contained nano-sized particles. TBC from the nanostructured powder by TriplexPro-210 had high porosities and numerous fine pores, leading to lower microhardness and higher thermos-shock resistance than the reference TBC.
Recent Development of Porous Materials and Structured Surface Fabrication by Spray Deposition of Surface-Molten Particles
Authors: Li Chang-Jiu , Yang Guan-Jun , Li Cheng-Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermal spray processes are generally employed to deposit dense coatings. The porosity in a thermal spray coating is limited up to about 20% down to less than 1%. The porous abradable coatings can be deposited by using composite powders containing pore-forms such as polymer. Recently, an effective method to deposit porous coating are being developed by directly utilizing semi-melted spray particles through controlling coating surface temperature. In this article, the recent investigations on the deposition of porous materials and ceramic abradable coatings by surface-melted spray particles are reviewed. The bonding formation between particles by controlling deposit surface temperature is essential to form porous deposits. By using flame spraying, different metallic porous deposits up to tens of millimeter thick from refractory molybdenum (Mo) to stainless steel are fabricated with a porosity level up to 70%. Porous alumina (Al2O3) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a porosity of over 60% are deposited for high temperature abradable coating applications directly by semi-molten ceramic particles. The deposition of convex-shaped YSZ particles is employed to construct the high performance structured cathode for solid oxide fuel cell application. Moreover, the deposited convex-shape particles are also utilized to fabricate effective super-hydrophobic surface. The recent progress on the deposition of surface-melted spray particles will enable many new applications for thermal spraying.
Double Rare-Earth Oxides Co-Doped Strontium Zirconate as a New Thermal Barrier Coating Material
Authors: Dong H.-Y. , Wang D.-X. , Lun W.-S. , He W.-Y. , Ma W. , Zheng X.-B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Advanced ceramic materials with perovskite structure have been developed for potential applications in thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems in an effort to overcome the properties of the pre-existing ones like 8wt% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ). Y2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doped strontium zirconate with chemistry of Sr(Zr0.9Y0.05Yb0.05)O2.95 (SZYY) was synthesized using ball milling prior to solid-state sintering, and had a minor second phase of Yb2O3. The SZYY showed good phase stability not only from room temperature to 1400°C, but also at high temperature of 1450°C for a long period, analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of the sintered bulk SZYY were recorded by a high-temperature dilatometer and revealed a positive influence on phase transitions of SrZrO3 by codoping Y2O3 and Yb2O3. The thermal conductivities of SZYY were at least ~30% lower in contrast to that of SrZrO3 and 8YSZ in the whole tested temperature range. The good chemical compatibility was observed for SZYY with 8YSZ or Al2O3 powders after 24 h heat treatment at 1250°C. The phase stability and the microstructure evolution of the as-sprayed SZYY coating during annealing at 1400°C were also investigated in this work.
Dynamic Corrosion and Wear Testing of Corrosion Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings and Wrought Reference Material in Chlorine Containing Conditions with Low pH Values
Authors: Laurila J. , Niemi K. , Vuoristo P. , Vajala J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermal spray coatings are widely used in sealed constructions where a specific seal material is sliding on the coating surface in aqueous conditions. Such applications are often highly corrosive and therefore limit the lifetime and increase the wear of the seal and the coating. In this work special test equipment was manufactured to study corrosion and wear performance of the specific test materials used under chlorine containing conditions at low pH-values. In the test procedure, a rotating seal material was pressed with certain pressure against the thermal spray coating material in the test solution and the wear of the seal and the weight loss of the coating material was measured during the test. Coating samples for the tests were prepared using HVAF, HVOF, twin wire arc spray and atmospheric plasma thermal spray techniques. Corrosion resistant stainless steel material EN1.4404 was tested as a reference together with the thermal sprayed coatings. Altogether four different seal materials were tested and the seal material was found to affect the weight loss of the tested base material and also to the coated material during the corrosion wear tests. Pure graphite seals were seen to accelerate the wear rate of both bulk stainless steel material and the thermal spray coatings, as compared to the other seal materials involved in the tests. The HDPE polymer seal gave the lowest weight loss in the tests. Clear differences in corrosion wear resistance were found between tested thermal spray coatings. Clearly the best performance was achieved with plasma sprayed chromium oxide coating compared to the other tested coatings when glass fibre reinforced teflon was used as the seal material.
Innovative Coating Developments Using a New, User Friendly HVOF and Metal Based Powders
Authors: Heath G. R. , Tremblay A. , Andersson P. , Morquecho A. Arizmendi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The practical experience with the new Castolin Eutectic CJK5 High Velocity Oxy Fuel thermal spray unit has grown since its successful launch in 2011. It has many design features that simplify the user interface and servicing, but maintaining outstanding coating quality. The technical and practical features are described with detailed microstructural characterization of the resulting carbide based coatings using an established powder composition from several powder sources. With the recent development of a state-of-the-art metal powder manufacturing plant in Europe, highest quality “satellite-free” metal powders can be manufactured. New self-fluxing chemistries have been developed that are also low in Nickel and are designed to have good wear resistant properties. With the growing practical experience and parameter optimization, several innovative powders and coatings have been developed and are presented. Microstructural and mechanical properties and their relationship to processing parameters are presented.
A Laser Thermal Cycling Rig as a New Method to Characterize the Evolution of Coating Adhesion under Thermal Cycle
Authors: Poirier D. , Irissou E. , Legoux J.G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermal sprayed coatings are often used for high temperature applications and, per se, are subjected to transient temperature gradients during operation. The recurrent temperature changes generate stresses that damage the coating with time, and can even lead to its delamination. The most common methods to evaluate coating behavior under thermal cycling are furnace testing or burner rigs. Both approaches cannot match the conditions reached in service for several applications, in terms of the achievable heating rates for instance. As a consequence, a versatile and robust method to evaluate coating resistance to spalling under thermal cycles is still to be found. This paper presents the development of a thermal cycling rig where the heat input is provided by a laser. This rig allows easy testing of several samples jointly for heating rates as high as 55°C/s and for thousands of thermal cycles. Preliminary trials have allowed the development of different spalling criteria. Finally, it was found that SS430-based materials arc-sprayed on Al substrates exhibit higher delamination resistance (life) under rapid heating/cooling cycles than SS304 coatings on the same substrate. For such high heating rates, the thermal stresses generated in the coating would be more critical than the thermal mismatch at the interface coating/substrate.
Effect of 20% Gadolinia – 80% Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coating for Diesel Engine Performance
Authors: Chandrasagar L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used to insulate the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines to improve their performance efficiency, reduce pollution, and protect the metals from high temperature oxidation. In this work, a TBC coating composition of 80% zirconium oxide and 20% gadolinium oxide (GdPSZ) was prepared in the laboratory and plasma spray coated on the combustion chamber of single-cylinder diesel engines. An engine performance test was conducted for both the baseline (uncoated) engines and the coated engines. The coatings in the combustion chamber of the engines were found to be well adhered after 300 hours of rigorous testing. A significant reduction in smoke density was observed, especially at higher loads, for the coated engines. However, the coated engines exhibited a 2-6% reduction in volumetric efficiency and an increase in brake-specific fuel consumption compared to the uncoated engines. The results for other performance parameters are also discussed.
Improved Blade Tips for Abradable Coatings used in Gas Turbines
Authors: Laul Komal , Rahemanji Suebali , Shankar Ravi , Fenton Richard , Perrin Carl , McMillan Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gas turbine efficiency is of paramount importance in the modern carbon conscious global economy and the industry is always looking for ways to improve the efficiency of gas turbine engines. Gas bypass between the rotating turbine blade tip and the engine casing affects both the efficiency and the power output of an engine. An increase in this clearance of 125µm can result in an increase of 0.5% in specific fuel consumption. Abradable coatings have been designed to allow the turbine blade abrasive tip to cut a path into shroud abradable coating to improve the seal between the blade tip and the casing. A holistic approach to improving the abradable system – the abradable coating and the blade tip – is necessary. Better blade tips can result in use of denser, more erosion resistant abradables improving performance of the whole system. Current blade tips are limited as the matrix oxidizes at high temperature losing its ability to hold as well as protect the CBN particles. Improvement in blade tips – both in the cutting particles and the matrix which hold these particles – will therefore improve the abradable system performance, as well as allow the use of denser, more erosion resistant abradable materials. This paper represents efforts to improve the matrix oxidation resistance which holds CBN particles. The matrix is a low-aluminum MCrAlHf which is further aluminized to improve the oxidation resistance. New coatings being tested are enhanced aluminide coatings, platinum aluminide coatings and platinum chromide aluminide coatings. The results will be discussed in terms of matrix composition and microstructure as deposited and after static oxidation. The effect of matrix and its impact on the blade tip performance will also be reviewed.
Application of Granulated Nano Al2O3 Powders in Thermal Barrier Coatings at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Hussain M. S. , Daroonparvar M. R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Turbine blades are generally protected by thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) against high temperature oxidation and corrosion. A novel method has been developed to prepare nanostructured Al2O3 powders for thermal-spraying (atmospheric plasma spray) with high flowability. In this method, nano Al2O3 powders are granulated and then heat treated at 200°C which become suitable to be used in thermal spraying equipment. The normal Al2O3 and granulated nano Al2O3 powders were sprayed separately by using an atmospheric plasma spray device onto a typical TBC consisting of a superalloy bond coat and an YSZ top coat. Then, TBC/ normal Al2O3 and TBC/ nano Al2O3 coatings were oxidized at 1000°C for 24h and allowed to form the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer onto the bond coat (NiCrAlY layer). The flowability of the granulated nano Al2O3 powders was studied by using a Hall flowmeter. The microstructural characterization showed that the granulated nano Al2O3 powders had very high flowability. The increased apparent density and flowability of the granulated nano Al2O3 powders had substantially reduced the micro-cracks and interconnected porosities in the coating in comparison with normal Al2O3 coating. The thickness of the TGO layer in YSZ/ normal Al2O3 coating was higher in comparison with YSZ/ nano Al2O3 coating after oxidation. Thus by using nano Al2O3 as a third layer, the thickness of the TGO layer and oxidized regions inside the bond coat decreased effectively which led to less mechanical stresses and can cause the improvement of TBC life.