bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Ignorance in Opioid Regulation
Authors: Sherman Melina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 investigates the regulatory logics that undergirded the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) decision to approve the release of new opioid drugs onto the market and its subsequent decisions to leave them there, despite growing awareness of the risks associated with them. This chapter focuses on the regulation of OxyContin and abuse-deterrent (opioid) formulations (ADFs) like Opana ER. It shows how the FDA’s ability to anticipate and prevent the risks of opioids was undermined at nearly every step of its regulatory process, where extreme uncertainty about pain, along with strategic ignorance and an overreliance on industry alliances, rendered it blind to the lived realities of opioid use. Additionally, this chapter discusses the ways in which opioid regulation led to the formation of a gray market for opioids. This phenomenon further debilitated the FDA’s regulatory capacities and thrust it into an evolving landscape of synthetic opioid use that it could not hope to contain.
The Baptismal Exegesis of the Song of Songs
Authors: Abecina Alexander L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Gregory wrote In Canticum Canticorum to guide his readers through a process of reading and interpreting the Song of Songs by which the objective reality of human transformation and union with God becomes for them a subjective reality. Thus, this chapter focuses on Gregory’s use of baptismal exegesis in Homilies 1, 2, and 3 (with brief comment on Homily 6) to interpret the Bride of the Song as being initiated into this path to union with God via trinitarian unity of activity. Gregory’s use of pneumatic language is explored in greater depth. A detailed account is also given of Gregory’s theology of power and activity, in connection with the spiritual senses.
Christianity
Authors: Edwards Nancy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the main types of evidence used to understand the process of conversion to Christianity and the identification of a hierarchy of early medieval Christian sites in Wales. Early medieval church buildings have proved very difficult to identify, but it is likely there were stone churches on some major sites before the end of the period. However, the locations of early medieval carved stones, including crosses and cross-slabs, have proved particularly valuable in the identification of a hierarchy of early medieval Christian sites. Excavation of inhumation cemeteries has also proved important, revealing sites spanning the period of conversion, sometimes associated with prehistoric burial monuments. Some of these cemeteries evolved into the sites of later parish churches and chapels of ease. Curvilinear enclosures, though difficult to date, are also associated with early medieval sites, as are holy wells. Association with relics and reliquaries can also provide a valuable tool to identification of early medieval sites, though very few examples have survived in Wales. A range of early medieval and later written sources include hagiography, for example, the Life of St Samson of Dol and Rhygyfarch’s Life of St David, and these aid identification of early medieval foundations and lesser sites associated with them. Place names and dedications are also useful when used alongside other evidence.
Christian Sites and Christian Landscapes
Authors: Edwards Nancy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the increasing impact of the Church on people’s lives in early medieval Wales through an analysis of archaeological and other evidence for a hierarchy of Christian sites, ranging from major monasteries to cemeteries, enabling comparative discussion of their chronological development and the evolution of the Christian landscape in which they were located. It begins by discussing the origins and development of major monastic foundations, notably Llandough and Bangor, and, by the end of the period, the evolution of such sites into regional mother churches, often termed clasau. Island sites and hermitages are then considered, as well as the scanty evidence for female religious establishments, before discussion of the complex evolving pattern of lesser churches, chapels, and cemeteries. Many of these sites also have llan place names. The relationship between major foundations and other Christian sites is considered in conjunction with aspects of the wider impact of Christianity on the landscape indicated by the donation of land to the Church and the growing authority of St Davids, before comparing the evidence from Wales with that in other parts of Britain and Ireland.
Introduction
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although the Tales appear to offer a fit with the kinds of analysis that Chaucer’s original readers might have expected to bring to it, the work persistently offers original or disconcerting variations on those. The chapter introduces the issues that will be analysed in more detail for each of the tales, including the role of each tale in the story-collection, to foreground the primacy of the choices of stories and their social, generic, and stylistic contrasts over the psychological presentations of their tellers.
The General Prologue
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
After a brief consideration of the state of the text, the chapter discusses each of the pilgrims in turn, considering such matters as their closeness to, or distance from, what the ideal of their estate might look like; the emphasis of each description (appearance, entente or primary love, habits, life and lifestyle, and so on). The style of each is also analysed for satiric or ironic presentation or its genuine praise, and how those are conveyed.
The Knight’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The most ambitious and the closest to epic of the various romances of the Tales, the Knight’s Tale was initially written independently of the complete work. Chaucer uses the narrative to offer a touchstone for many of the tales that follow, in plot (its ‘tale of two lovers’ is echoed several times later), in style (here, a high style of philosophical reach and courtly vocabulary, offset with sharp drops towards the brutal), and in its discussion of the injustice of the world by characters who have no access to Christian answers—a position only slightly modified by its Boethianism.
The Reeve’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a fabliau drained of most human emotion except the desire for revenge, which is given a motivation by the Reeve-carpenter’s response to the Miller, two Cambridge students avenge themselves for being tricked by a miller by having sex with his daughter and his wife (or effectively raping them, in modern terms). The amount of physical and emotional damage done is treated with cartoon-style casualness, though more space is allowed for the daughter’s reactions. The consistently low style is in keeping with the superficial refusal of ambition in the narrative.
The Wife of Bath’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tale is built around two contrasting forms of content and style: the narrative itself, for which all the main analogues are English, and which maintains a level of gender-specific reference appropriate to the Wife; and the loathly lady’s pillow talk on gentillesse, based on Boethius and Dante, which concerns all humankind and is correspondingly gender-inclusive. Both the initial rape and the corrective homily are unique to Chaucer’s version.
The Clerk’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the first instance, Chaucer’s version of the story of Griselda is most directly based on Petrarch’s version, as the Clerk makes clear at the start; but it had already been given a number of contrasting interpretations, and Chaucer adds to those. The chapter argues that in rejecting Petrarch’s identification of Walter as a figure for God and making him instead an extreme example of a controlling husband, Chaucer turns Griselda and her deliberate consent to his demands into the strong centre of the narrative. The Envoy ties it firmly into the Canterbury sequence.
The Merchant’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Merchant’s Tale is a fabliau dressed up stylistically as a romance, with an element of a just-so story added. It may have been written initially with the Monk in mind as teller, with its Prologue being a late invention to tie it to a secular pilgrim, so earning it a place with the psychological readings of the Tales. In many ways it parodies the Knight’s Tale, with its heroine ‘fresshe’ May a corrupted version of Emily, and its use of the pagan gods to parallel the characters and to sort out the plot. Its other elements of parody include the Song of Songs.
The Placing of the Fragment
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Physician’s historical exemplum might usefully be thought of as Chaucer’s ‘problem tale’. Although its heroine is an embodiment of temperance, she suffers death without any of the comfort a Christian setting might offer. The paradox of a parent’s killing for love, to save a child from sexual slavery, is explored, but Chaucer’s change to the story adds explicit consent to her death on her part.
The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Pardoner is one of Chaucer’s most striking creations, and in content and style his tale is one of the most compelling. Generically, his tale is an exemplary sermon against the love of money, ultimately based on a widely known folktale; but the prologue makes it clear that it has to be read too as a template for extracting money from its audience. As a moral tale told by a vicious man, it challenges many of the prescriptions of medieval literary theory, and so offers itself as two tales at once depending on the angle from which it is read.
The Placing of the Fragment
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Originally written before the rest of the Tales, the saint’s legend of St Cecilia may have been composed for a specific occasion. It follows its Latin sources closely, including in its Prologue a detailed etymology of her name that suggests that she embodies the theological virtues. Her insistence on virginity despite her marriage, and her insistence on speaking truth to the men of the tale, connects her with the wider discussion of marriage, sexuality, and patriarchal control across the work. The vocabulary of the tale draws primarily on the abstract and the spiritual.
The Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The conventional headings to the divisions of the Canon’s Yeoman episode are somewhat misleading. Its first two sections offer what are often assumed to be characteristic of all the Tales: roadside drama, in the Prologue; and more extended autobiographical material in the central part, told in the Yeoman’s individual voice. His account of the practice of alchemy and its failures is sometimes hard to differentiate entirely from the fraudulent canon of the third section. Chaucer’s own knowledge of alchemy is thorough, but he is deeply sceptical of its practice, though perhaps slightly less so of its theory. The vocabulary is marked by its quantity of technical jargon, and its density of things: a marked contrast with the spirituality of the preceding tale.
The Manciple’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
After a Prologue that provides one of the liveliest exchanges between the pilgrims, the tale recounts an Ovidian metamorphosis that explains why crows are black but which also turns into a warning against speaking. Chaucer goes beyond his sources to make the discussion of speech focus not only on its dangers but on the unreliability of language.
The Parson’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Parson’s prose tract on penitence always concludes the storytelling, whether it is regarded as a half-way point of the journey or as a separate item imported into the work. Its material, the result of a complex mixing of earlier treatises, operates more as a guide to self-analysis, as a technology of the self, rather than as a handbook for confessors. It is heavily weighted towards an analysis of sin, occasionally with close parallels to earlier points in the Tales, rather than the remedial virtues, but its closing sentences constitute an impressive evocation of heaven to contrast with the promised dinner at the Tabard.
Fundamental Principles in Metals Physics
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the underlying fundamental principles in metals physics necessary to develop quantum-based interatomic potentials in subsequent chapters are discussed. Density functional theory (DFT) is reviewed together with guidance from DFT electronic-structure calculations for both prototype simple metals and d-band transition metals. The nearly free electron (NFE) nature of the valence energy bands in simple metals allows a quantum treatment of the cohesive-energy functional within a plane wave basis set and the use of pseudopotential perturbation theory. The narrow d bands of transition series metals can be treated in a tight-binding (TB) representation with localized d basis states and simplified canonical d bands. The full hybrid NFE-TB nature of d-band metals, including sp-d hybridization, can be accommodated in a mixed basis set of plane waves and localized d states through the use of generalized pseudopotential theory, which is developed from a rigorous pseudo-Green’s function approach applied to DFT.
Interatomic Potentials in Simple Metals
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, quantum-based interatomic potentials for simple metals are derived starting from the corresponding cohesive-energy functional established in Chapter 2 via density functional theory and pseudopotential perturbation theory. This functional is expressed in reciprocal space for a general nonlocal pseudopotential and then transformed to the desired real-space representation in terms of a volume term and a volume-dependent pair potential. To allow full evaluation of the pseudopotential and the pair potential from first principles, a self-consistent electron screening calculation is also made. Accurate pair potentials so calculated have been obtained for a number of simple metals, including Na, Mg and Al prototypes, using two different optimized forms of nonlocal pseudopotential: the basic Austin, Heine and Sham form employed in generalized pseudopotential theory, and the norm conserving model potential form of Dagens, Rasolt and Taylor. Efficient practical methods to deal with the long-range Friedel oscillations in the pair potential arising from the self-consistent screening are also discussed.
Interatomic Potentials in Metals with Empty or Filled d Bands
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, quantum-based interatomic potentials are derived for the d-band metals at the beginning and end of each transition series, using generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT). Ideally, such materials have either empty d bands above the Fermi level (e.g., Ca) or filled d bands below the Fermi level (e.g., Zn). The important new physics in these systems is the sp-d hybridization of the nearly free-electron sp valence bands with the narrow d bands, physics which can still be captured in the real-space cohesive-energy functional at the pair-potential level. An accurate treatment of the sp-d hybridization, however, requires an optimum choice of the d basis state in the GPT, which is achieved through machine learning and has been accomplished for Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd and Hg. The remaining candidate metals Ba, Cu, Ag and Au are best treated as transition metals with partial d-band filling, as discussed in Chapter 5, although for the noble metals a modified filled-d-band GPT treatment has shown some success, as has the alternate resonant model potential treatment of Dagens et al.
Structural Phase Stability and High-Pressure Phase Transitions
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we address the subject of structural phase stability in both nontransition and transition metals, including as a fundamental test of prototype quantum-based interatomic potentials, calculation of the ground-state crystal structure amongst various competing alternate structures. In this process, we also discuss: (i) the basic separation of cohesion and structure in generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT); (ii) total-energy variations along important deformation paths connecting different higher-energy structures, including the Bain path linking the bcc and fcc structures; and (iii) structural phase stability in metals across the Periodic Table; and (iv) the prediction of pressure-induced solid-solid phase transitions, including a number of noteworthy GPT and model-GPT predictions that were subsequently confirmed by experiment.
High-Temperature Properties, Melting and Phase Diagrams
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the treatment of thermodynamic properties, phase stability and phase transitions in metals via quantum-based interatomic potentials (QBIPs) is extended to high temperature (high T), including anharmonic vibrational effects in the solid, liquid-state structure and energetics and pressure-temperature phase diagrams. In addition to standard molecular dynamics (MD) techniques, the tools of reversible-scaling MD and variational perturbation theory are introduced to obtain accurate solid and liquid free energies. Respective pair and multi-ion QBIPs from generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT) for the simple metal Mg and from model-GPT for the transition metal Ta are used to illustrate a wide range of high-T solid and liquid applications of interest at both ambient pressure and high pressure. These applications include calculations of the specific heat, thermal expansion coefficient, elastic moduli, shock Hugoniot and melt curve, with detailed comparison to experiment. Also discussed in the case of Ta are large-scale MD simulations of rapid solidification and high-T solid polymorphism.
Defects and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter treats the important subject of defects in metals, including vacancies, interstitials, dislocations and grain boundaries. All of these defects, in addition to the bulk elasticity that underpins them, are impacted by quantum mechanics, again confirming the fundamental importance of quantum-based interatomic potentials. The discussion here is mainly focused on the bcc transition metals, where extensive applications have been made using model generalized pseudopotential theory. Calculations of point defect formation and migration energies, ideal shear strength and generalized stacking fault energy surfaces compare favorably with density functional theory results. A special Green’s function method is used to study screw dislocation core structure and mobility, including kink-pair energetics and the Peierls stress. Multiscale modeling of crystal plasticity and strength in Ta and Mo is then made possible via dislocation mobility input into micron-scale dislocation dynamics simulations. Predictions of grain-boundary structure in Nb, Mo and Ta have also been validated by experiment.
Civil Recovery of Criminal Property
Authors: King Colin , Hendry Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Civil Recovery of Criminal Assets is an in-depth analysis of the confiscation of the proceeds of crime in the absence of criminal conviction in Ireland and England & Wales, more than two decades since the introduction of this civil/criminal hybrid procedure. This book considers the development of civil recovery in both jurisdictions, providing a comprehensive comparative account and critical examination of its legislative context and framework, judicial reception, and case law development. It leads the argument that civil recovery—like other civil/criminal hybrids—straddles civil and criminal procedure in a manner that takes advantage of the resultant legal ambiguity, to the detriment of due process, civil liberties, and human rights. Through interviews with practitioners professionally engaged with civil recovery proceedings, both in defence and in enforcement, King and Hendry remedy what has until now been a lack of empirical engagement with the operation of civil recovery in practice. The authors provide a blended doctrinal, socio-legal, and theoretical analysis of civil recovery in terms of its procedural hybridity, its ‘follow the money’ approach, its questionable compliance with the requirements of due process, its property-specific character, and its supposed pragmatism in tackling the problem of serious and organized crime.
Introduction
Authors: King Colin , Hendry Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces civil recovery as part of a broader ‘follow the money’ approach to tackling crime, particularly organized crime. The arguments advanced throughout the book are identified, and related back to key aspects of following the money trail, including the perceived ‘failure’ of traditional criminal justice processes against organized crime; the principle that crime should not pay; the privileging of expediency over due process concerns; and the mislabelling of the process as ‘civil’. The chapter also details the method adopted and the terminology used, the latter of which is particularly important given the terminological inexactitude in this area. The chapter also distinguishes post-conviction and non-conviction-based approaches to confiscating proceeds of crime, then outlines the remaining chapters of the book.
A Pragmatic Response?
Authors: King Colin , Hendry Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The final substantive chapter, this chapter scrutinizes the claim civil recovery makes to being a pragmatic response to the particularities of serious and organized crime. Highlighting what is often presented as a key dispute between policymakers and enforcement officials on the one hand, and academics on the other, this chapter draws on practitioner perspectives to explore the nuances in these ‘pragmatic’ arguments. It engages with debates on fairness, proportionality, disclosure requirements, and which standard and burden of proof ought to apply, and concludes by explaining how the erroneous deprivation of property facilitated by civil recovery constitutes a specific kind of injustice.
Civil Regulation
Authors: Heery Edmund , Hann Deborah , Nash David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The chapter opens with a vignette, the announcement at the British Library of the 2016 Living Wage rates by Sadiq Kahn, Mayor of London. This event is used to introduce the Living Wage, the campaign to promote it, and the various employment actors—employers, unions, and public authorities—that have become involved in the campaign. The chapter then presents evidence of Britain’s enduring problem of low pay, before introducing the concept of civil regulation. There is a review of academic research and debate on civil regulation, which is used to identify research questions and provide a framework for the empirical analysis of the Living Wage campaign that follows. The chapter ends with an account of the methods used in the study and the structure of the remainder of the book.