bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effects of complex electrode geometries on the energy deposition and temporally and spatially averaged electric field measurements of surface dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Trosan Duncan , Walther Patrick , McLaughlin Stephen , Salvi Deepti , Mazzeo Aaron , Stapelmann Katharina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) have been gaining interest in part due to their scalability and flexibility of materials used, allowing larger electrodes with more complex geometries. This paper seeks to elucidate the properties of SDBD geometries utilizing differing repeated lattice structures. Voltage and current traces, optical emission spectroscopy, digital imaging, and numerical analysis are used to analyze the electrodes. Temporally and spatially averaged reduced electric fields and the total power deposited into the plasma are presented. The averaged reduced electric field is not significantly affected by increasing applied voltage, but minor variations could be observed due to the geometry of the electrode lattice structures. Finally, plasma power does not track linearly with perimeter in these more complicated lattice structures.
Codesign of remote data collection for chronic management of pediatric home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Kaat Aaron J. , Shah Avani V. , Hodgson Caroline A. , Hird‐McCorry Lindsey P. , Janus Angela , Swanson Philip , Massey Liana F. , De Sonia Anna , Cella David , Goodman Denise M. , Davis Matthew M. , Laguna Theresa A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionOutpatient monitoring of children using invasive home mechanical ventilation (IHMV) is recommended, but access to care can be difficult. This study tested if remote (home‐based) data collection was feasible and acceptable in chronic IHMV management.MethodsA codesign study was conducted with an IHMV program, home nurses, and English‐ and Spanish‐speaking parent‐guardians of children using IHMV (0–17 years; n = 19). After prototyping, parents used a remote patient monitoring (RPM) bundle to collect patient heart rate, respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation, end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and ventilator pressure/volume over 8 weeks. User feedback was analyzed using qualitative methods and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Expected marginal mean differences within patient measures when awake, asleep, or after a break were calculated using mixed effects models.ResultsPatients were a median 2.9 years old and 11 (58%) took breaks off the ventilator. RPM data were entered on a mean of 83.7% (SD ± 29.1%) weeks. SUS scores were 84.8 (SD ± 10.5) for nurses and 91.8 (SD ± 10.1) for parents. Over 90% of parents agreed/strongly agreed that RPM data collection was feasible and relevant to their child's care. Within‐patient comparisons revealed that EtCO2 (break‐vs‐asleep 2.55 mmHg, d = 0.79 [0.42–1.15], p < .001; awake‐vs‐break 1.48, d = −0.49 [0.13–0.84], p = .02) and RR (break‐vs‐asleep 16.14, d = 2.12 [1.71–2.53], p < .001; awake‐vs‐break 3.44, d = 0.45 [0.10–0.04], p = .03) were significantly higher during ventilator breaks.ConclusionsRPM data collection in children with IHMV was feasible, acceptable, and captured clinically meaningful vital sign changes during ventilator breaks, supporting the clinical utility of RPM in IHMV management.
Role of esophageal ultrasound with a bronchoscope (EUS‐B) with fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal Bronchogenic cyst
Authors: Madhusudan Manoj , Chandra Tejaswi , Potti Priyanka , Jingade Srikanta T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 12‐year‐old adolescent boy presented with complaints of persisting dry cough and exertional dyspnea. A CT chest revealed a cystic lesion posterior to the trachea and a flexible bronchoscopy revealed extrinsic compression of the posterior trachea and partial obstruction of the left main bronchus. He underwent an Endoscopic Ultrasound with a Bronchoscope. A Hypoechoic cystic lesion was seen just in front of the esophagus. Fine needle aspiration yielded thick mucoid aspirate and cytology revealed ciliated columnar epithelium, confirming the diagnosis of a Bronchogenic cyst.
Predictors of NIV‐related adverse events in children using long‐term noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Bedi Prabhjot K. , DeHaan Kristie , Ofosu Daniel , Olmstead Deborah , MacLean Joanna E. , Castro‐Codesal Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn increasing number of children with diverse medical conditions are using long‐term noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This study examined the impact of demographic, clinical, and technology‐related factors on long‐term NIV adverse events in a large cohort of children using long‐term NIV.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective review of all children who initiated long‐term NIV in the province of Alberta, Canada, from January 2005 to September 2014, and followed until December 2015. Inclusion criteria were children who had used NIV for 3 months or more and had at least one follow‐up visit with the NIV programs.ResultsWe identified 507 children who initiated NIV at a median age of 7.5 (interquartile range: 8.6) years and 93% of them reported at least one NIV‐related adverse event during the initial follow‐up visit. Skin injury (20%) and unintentional air leaks (19%) were reported more frequently at the initial visit. Gastrointestinal symptoms, midface hypoplasia, increased drooling, aspiration and pneumothorax were rarely reported (<5%). Younger age and underlying conditions such as Down syndrome, achondroplasia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy were early predictors of unintentional air leak. Younger age also predicted child sleep disruption in the short term and ongoing parental sleep disruption. Obesity was a risk factor for persistent nasal symptoms. Mask type was not a significant predictor for NIV‐related short‐ or long‐term complications.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that NIV‐related complications are frequent. Appropriate mask‐fitting and headgear adaptation, and a proactive approach to early detection may help to reduce adverse events.
Multifunctional Flexible MXene/AgNW Composite Thin Film with Ultrahigh Conductivity Enabled by a Sandwich‐Structured Assembly Strategy
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Cai Jun , Liu Peng , Chen Teng , Chen Bo , Gong De 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlexible composite films have attracted considerable attention due to great potential for healthcare, telecommunication, and aerospace. However, it is still challenging to achieve high conductivity and multifunctional integration, mainly due to poorly designed composite structures of these films. Herein, a novel sandwich‐structured assembly strategy is proposed to fabricate flexible composite thin films made of Ag nanowire (AgNW) core and MXene layers by combination of spray coating and vacuum filtration process. In this case, ultrathin MXene layers play crucial roles in constructing compact composite structures strongly anchored to substrate with extensive hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The resultant sandwich‐structured MXene/AgNW composite thin films (SMAFs) exhibit ultrahigh electrical conductivity (up to 27193 S cm−1), resulting in exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 16 223.3 dB cm2 g−1 and impressive Joule heating performance with rapid heating rate of 10.4 °C s−1. Moreover, the uniform SMAFs can also be facilely cut into kirigami‐patterned interconnects, which indicate superior strain‐insensitive conductance even after long‐term exposure to extreme temperatures. The demonstrated strategy offers a significant paradigm to construct multifunctional composite thin films for next‐generation integrated flexible electronics with practical applications.
Flash Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhang Xuehuan , Han Gaoyi , Zhu Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, nitrogen‐doped carbons show great application potentials in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Here, the ultrafast and green preparation of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) via an efficient flash Joule heating method is reported. The precursor of 1D core–shell structure of CNT@polyaniline is first synthesized using an in situ polymerization method and then rapidly conversed into N‐CNTs at ≈1300 K within 1 s. Electrochemical tests reveal the desirable capacitive property and oxygen catalytic activity of the optimized N‐CNT material. It delivers an improved area capacitance of 101.7 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1 in 1 m KOH electrolyte, and the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor shows an energy density of 1.03 µWh cm−2 and excellent cycle stability over 10 000 cycles. In addition, the flash N‐CNTs exhibit impressive catalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction with a half‐wave potential of 0.8 V in alkaline medium, comparable to the sample prepared by the conventional long‐time pyrolysis method. The Zn–air battery presents superior charge–discharge ability and long‐term durability relative to commercial Pt/C catalyst. These remarkable electrochemical performances validate the superiorities of the Joule heating method in preparing the heteroatom‐doped carbon materials for wide applications.
2D Information Security System Based on Polyurethane Inverse Photonic Glass Structure
Authors: Wang Zhenzhi , Meng Fantao , Kong Miao , Guo Xiaoyu , Zhang Shufen , Zhang Yuang , Tang Bingtao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInformation security has become a major global problem in recent years. Thus, people continue to exert much effort in developing new information security technologies based on encryption and storage. In this study, a 2D information security technology based on polyurethane optical devices with inverse photonic glass structure (PU‐IPG) is introduced. Based on 1) the swelling and plasticizing effects of various solvents on PU‐IPG and 2) the capillary force that can produce geometric deformation on micro/nanostructures when solvents evaporate, a 2D information security system with two modules of decryption (structural color information display) and anticounterfeiting (structural color transformation) is successfully constructed. The spraying method adopted can be simple and fast and can provide a large area to build photonic glass templates, which greatly improves the capacity and category of information in the encryption system. The prepared PU‐IPG optical devices can produce large‐area multicolor output capability of information. These devices also have excellent mechanical properties, strong cycle stability, environmental friendliness, and low price. Therefore, the preparation strategy has great reference value and application prospects in the field of information security.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots Modified Fe–Co Sulfide Nanosheets as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Lei , Qin Hanli , Ji Zhenyuan , Zhou Hu , Shen Xiaoping , Zhu Guoxing , Yuan Aihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping high‐efficiency and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is an imperative requirement to produce green and clean hydrogen energy. In this work, the FeCoSy/NCDs composite with nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) modified Fe–Co sulfide (FeCoSy) nanosheets is prepared by using a facile and mild one‐pot solvothermal method. Benefiting from the low crystallinity and the synergistic effect between FeCoSy and NCDs, the optimal FeCoSy/NCDs‐3 composite exhibits an overpotential of only 284 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel value of 52.1 mV dec−1, and excellent electrochemical durability in alkaline solution. Remarkably, unlike ordinary metal sulfide electrocatalysts, the morphology, components, and structure of the FeCoSy/NCDs composite can be well retained after OER test. The NCDs modified FeCoSy composite with excellent electrocatalytic performance provides an effective approach to boost metal sulfide electrocatalysts for practical application.
Rehabilitation of post‐heated rectangular reinforced concrete columns using different strengthening configuration
Authors: Abadel Aref A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is common knowledge that increased temperatures have a negative impact on the axial load‐capacity and stiffness of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular columns. This is something that is commonly acknowledged. For the purpose of restoring the axial capacity and stiffness of heat‐damaged RC columns, it is absolutely essential to carefully pick a suitable method for strengthening and repairing the columns. This research paper investigates the performance of various strengthening methods, such as the use of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets with near‐surface mounted (NSM) steel bars and a combination of welded wire mesh (WWM) and CFRP strengthening techniques, for the rehabilitation of RC rectangular columns that have been damaged due to exposure to high temperatures. Specifically, the paper focuses on the performance of these methods in relation to the rehabilitation of RC rectangular columns. There were three groups of tested RC rectangular columns: pre‐heated and unstrengthened, post‐heated and unstrengthened, and post‐heated and strengthened. Over a period of 3 h, 600°C was applied to the heated columns. Both a scheme utilizing a combination of unidirectional CFRP strips and NSM steel bars and another utilizing a combination of unidirectional CFRP strips and WWM were evaluated. Axial compression tests were performed on each column until failure occurred. The experimental test outcomes revealed that exposure to high elevated temperatures led to a decrease in the axial load‐carrying capacity of 38.6% and a decrease of 75.9% in initial stiffness, compared to unheated RC columns. Both strengthening schemes proved effective in restoring and surpassing the initial load‐carrying capacity of undamaged RC rectangular columns by an average of 35%. Notably, the combination of CFRP strips and WWM exhibited superior performance in restoring the initial stiffness of post‐heated RC rectangular columns, representing a novel finding. The strengthening scheme employing WWM and CFRP recovered 61.3% of the lost axial strength caused by high temperature, while the NSM/CFRP scheme restored 34.5% of the lost axial strength. In addition, the utilization of NSM in combination with CFRP strips as well as utilization of the WWM and CFRP systems leads to stiffness enhancement of 52.1% and 123.7%, respectively, when compared to post‐heated and unstrengthened RC columns. However, the study's findings have clearly shown that combination of WWM and CFRP strips is efficient in enhancing the strength of heated and unheated damage RC beams.
A real proton‐conductive, robust, and cobalt‐free cathode for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells with exceptional performance
Authors: Yin Yanru , Xiao Dongdong , Wu Shuai , Da'as Eman Husni , Gu Yueyuan , Bi Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of proton, oxygen‐ion, and electron mixed conducting materials, known as triple‐conduction materials, as cathodes for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs) is highly desired because they can increase fuel cell performance by extending the reaction active area. Although oxygen‐ion and electron conductions can be measured directly, proton conduction in these oxides is usually estimated indirectly. Because of the instability of cathode materials in a reducing environment, direct measurement of proton conduction in cathode oxide is difficult. The La0.8Sr0.2Sc0.5Fe0.5O3–δ (LSSF) cathode material is proposed for H‐SOFCs in this study, which can survive in an H2‐containing atmosphere, allowing measurement of proton conduction in LSSF by hydrogen permeation technology. Furthermore, LSSF is discovered to be a unique proton and electron mixed‐conductive material with limited oxygen diffusion capability that is specifically designed for H‐SOFCs. The LSSF is an appealing cathode choice for H‐SOFCs due to its outstanding CO2 tolerance and matched thermal expansion coefficient, producing a record‐high performance of 2032 mW cm−2 at 700°C and good long‐term stability under operational conditions. The current study reveals that a new type of proton–electron mixed conducting cathode can provide promising performance for H‐SOFCs, opening the way for developing high‐performance cathodes.
Multi‐modality imaging characteristics of a surgically confirmed emphysematous torsion of papillary process of the caudate liver lobe and pneumoperitoneum in a dog
Authors: Jerabkova Pavla , Krekis Alexander , Thompson Daniel , Hughes Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, female, spayed dog presented with a 1‐week history of vomiting, diarrhoea and lethargy. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound revealed bicavitary effusion, a large, gas‐cavitated, soft tissue mass in the region of the papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver, with associated peritonitis and mild pneumoperitoneum. The location of the mass and gas cavitation were confirmed on computed tomography. The absence of vascular and parenchymal contrast enhancement and the distortion of the caudal vena cava was consistent with hilar torsion of the papillary process of the liver. The torsion was surgically confirmed and excised, and ischemic necrosis was histologically confirmed. The patient fully recovered following surgery.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMergers and acquisitions (M&A) are very large investments in which a company absorbs another company, which can dramatically change the profile of a company’s assets. This chapter discuss various types of M&A and the motives behind them, along with calculation examples. Just as in any other investment decision, the financial sanity of M&A activity can be assessed with the NPV method. However, the numbers tend to be much bigger than in ordinary capex decisions, hence the stakes are bigger as well. This makes behavioural issues even more problematic, as they can result in very large overvaluation, overinvestment, and value destruction. Likewise, if not properly understood and considered, environmental (E) and social (S) issues can have similar effects as the abovementioned behavioural issues and reduce the company’s financial value. While the effects of E and S issues on M&A valuation are increasingly understood, scarce academic attention is given to the valuation of E and S in their own right in M&A deals. An M&A deal can be massively value destructive on E or S, which may justify blocking the deal.
Investment Decision Rules
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen making investment decisions, companies need to be able to compare various investment opportunities. Which ones offer the best value? The first sections of this chapter describe how companies can make such comparisons on a purely financial basis, using the basic investment decision rules of payback period; internal rate of return (IRR); discounted cash flow (DCF); or net present value (NPV) to calculate financial value (FV). We then dive deeper in the calculation of social value (SV) and environmental value (EV). Even with these values known, the big question remains: how to balance them? What decision rules should be followed? We present three approaches to combining NPV with social (S) and environmental (E) factors: (1) the constrained PV (with S & E as a budget); (2) the expanded PV (with SV & EV in monetary values); and (3) the integrated PV (with SV & EV explicitly balanced). In all three approaches F, S, and E all weigh in and can be prioritised—ideally informed by the company’s purpose and value creation profile.
Range-Restricted and Horn Interpolation through Clausal Tableaux
Authors: Wernhard Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe show how variations of range-restriction and also the Horn property can be passed from inputs to outputs of Craig interpolation in first-order logic. The proof system is clausal tableaux, which stems from first-order ATP. Our results are induced by a restriction of the clausal tableau structure, which can be achieved in general by a proof transformation, also if the source proof is by resolution/paramodulation. Primarily addressed applications are query synthesis and reformulation with interpolation. Our methodical approach combines operations on proof structures with the immediate perspective of feasible implementation through incorporating highly optimized first-order provers.
CoNP Complexity for Combinations of Non-normal Modal Logics
Authors: Dalmonte Tiziano , Mazzullo Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the complexity of the validity/derivability problem for combinations of non-normal modal logics in the form of logic fusions, possibly extended with simple interaction axioms. We first present cut-free sequent calculi for these logic combinations. Then, we introduce hypersequent calculi with invertible rules, and show that they allow for a coNP proof search procedure. In the last part of the paper, we consider the case of combinations of logics sharing a universal modality. Using the hypersequent calculi, we show that these logics remain coNP-complete, and also provide an equivalent axiomatisation for them.
Non-Classical Logics in Satisfiability Modulo Theories
Authors: Eisenhofer Clemens , Alassaf Ruba , Rawson Michael , Kovács Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe show that tableau methods for satisfiability in non-classical logics can be supported naturally in SMT solving via the framework of user-propagators. By way of demonstration, we implement the description logic $$\mathcal {ALC}$$ in the Z3 SMT solver and show that working with user-propagators allows us to significantly outperform encodings to first-order logic with relatively little effort. We promote user-propagators for creating solvers for non-classical logics based on tableau calculi.
Proof-Theoretic Semantics for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear Logic
Authors: Gheorghiu Alexander V. , Gu Tao , Pym David J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work is the first exploration of proof-theoretic semantics for a substructural logic. It focuses on the base-extension semantics (B-eS) for intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic ($$\mathrm IMLL$$). The starting point is a review of Sandqvist’s B-eS for intuitionistic propositional logic (IPL), for which we propose an alternative treatment of conjunction that takes the form of thegeneralizedelimination rule for the connective. The resulting semantics is shown to be sound and complete. This motivates our main contribution, a B-eS for$$\mathrm IMLL$$, in which the definitions of the logical constants all take the form of their elimination rule and for which soundness and completeness are established.
A Naive Prover for First-Order Logic: A Minimal Example of Analytic Completeness
Authors: From Asta Halkjær , Villadsen Jørgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe analytic technique for proving completeness gives a very operational perspective: build a countermodel to the unproved formula from a failed proof attempt in your calculus. We have to be careful, however, that the proof attempt did not fail because our strategy in finding it was flawed. Overcoming this concern requires designing a prover. We design and formalize in Isabelle/HOL a sequent calculus prover for first-order logic with functions. We formalize soundness and completeness theorems using an existing framework and extract executable code to Haskell. The crucial idea is to move complexity from the prover itself to a stream of instructions that it follows. The result serves as a minimal example of the analytic technique, a naive prover for first-order logic, and a case study in formal verification.