bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Associations of Food Security Instruments and Mediators With Premature All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Death in US Adults
Authors: Tian Ling , Jaeger Byron C. , Marshall Allison N. , Dorans Kirsten S. , Bell Caryn N. , Theall Katherine P. , Chen Jing , He Jiang , Bundy Joshua D. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Food insecurity is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is typically measured with the 10-item US Adult Food Security Survey Module. Shorter instruments may capture similar information, but this has not been validated against mortality in general populations.

METHODS:

A nationally representative sample of individuals aged 20 to 74 years from the US National Health Interview Survey 2011 to 2018 was included, with deaths linked to the National Death Index through 2019. Cardiovascular disease deaths were ascertained by
International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision
codes for heart disease or stroke. Standard 10-, 6-, and 2-item food security instruments were compared for associations with premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths occurring before age 75 years using Cox regression adjusted for demographics and social determinants of health and C statistics. Findings were replicated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2004 to 2018, and differences were explored using mediation analysis.

RESULTS:
We included 218 136 National Health Interview Survey participants (mean age, 45.3 years; 50.8% women). Over a mean 5.0-year follow-up, 7025 premature deaths were observed (1711 from cardiovascular disease). In multivariable-adjusted models, hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause death were similar among food security instruments (10-item, 1.22 [1.13, 1.32]; 6-item, 1.23 [1.13, 1.34]; and 2-item, 1.23 [1.14, 1.32]), and C statistics were identical (0.823). Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for cardiovascular disease deaths were also similar among food security instruments (10-item, 1.38 [1.17, 1.62]; 6-item, 1.27 [1.07, 1.51]; and 2-item, 1.41 [1.20, 1.66]), and C statistics ranged from 0.852 to 0.853. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey replication (n=37 027, mean 7.8-year follow-up), associations were attenuated and became not statistically significant after adjustment for several cardiometabolic intermediates, particularly enrollment in food assistance programs, diabetes, low diet quality, inadequate or excessive sleep, and depression.

CONCLUSIONS:
A 2-item food security instrument captures similar mortality risk information compared with 10- and 6-item instruments. Furthermore, potential intermediate cardiometabolic factors may explain associations between food insecurity and mortality.
Combination Antithrombotic Therapy for Reduction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Perera Kanjana S. , Sharma Mukul A. , Eikelboom John W. , Ng Kelvin Kuan Huei , Field Thalia S. , Buck Brian H. , Hill Michael D. , Stotts Grant , Casaubon Leanne K. , Mandzia Jennifer , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Yip Samuel , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Young G. Bryan , Appireddy Ramana , Nayar Sumiti , Swartz Rick , Taylor Amanda , Carrier Alexandra , Srivastava Abhilekh , Deshmukh Aviraj S. , Zhao Robin , Hart Robert G. ,   on behalf of the CATIS-ICAD Investigators
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Stroke secondary to intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is associated with high recurrence risk despite currently available secondary prevention strategies. In patients with systemic atherosclerosis, a significant reduction of stroke risk with no increase in intracranial or fatal hemorrhage was seen when rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily was added to aspirin. However, there are no trials in ICAD using this combination. To facilitate the design of future ICAD trials, the CATIS-ICAD study (Combination Antithrombotic Treatment for Prevention of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease) assessed (1) the feasibility of recruitment, (2) the safety of low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin compared with standard-of-care antiplatelet therapy, and (3) trends toward efficacy.

METHODS:
This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point pilot trial conducted in 10 Canadian centers. Eligible participants aged ≥40 years, with acute ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin or aspirin alone within 7 to 100 days of their index event. The primary safety outcome was hemorrhagic stroke. The main efficacy end point was the composite of ischemic stroke or covert brain infarct on magnetic resonance imaging at the end of the study.

RESULTS:

A total of 101 participants were randomized. Average enrollment was 10 participants/site per year. Average follow-up was 20 months. Median time from index stroke to randomization was 67 days. The median age of participants was 67 years (±10.94), and 29% of participants were women. There was no hemorrhagic stroke in either arm. The composite efficacy outcome was less frequent in the combination arm (15.7%) compared with the aspirin arm (24.0%), with a hazard ratio of 0.78 ([95% CI, 0.32–1.93];
P
=0.59) favoring the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
A multicenter randomized trial comparing the combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin in patients with recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack due to ICAD is feasible and appears safe without an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. A numerical trend toward efficacy for the composite primary end point of symptomatic ischemic stroke and covert infarcts was observed. These findings will inform the design of a phase III trial.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04142125.
Debunking the Myth of Excitatory and Inhibitory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Cognitive Neuroscience Research
Authors: Hussain Sara J. , Freedberg Michael V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is a powerful neuroscientific tool with the potential to noninvasively identify brain–behavior relationships in humans. Early work suggested that certain rTMS protocols (e.g., continuous theta-burst stimulation, intermittent theta-burst stimulation, high-frequency rTMS, low-frequency rTMS) predictably alter the probability that cortical neurons will fire action potentials (i.e., change cortical excitability). However, despite significant methodological, conceptual, and technical advances in rTMS research over the past few decades, overgeneralization of early rTMS findings has led to a stubbornly persistent assumption that rTMS protocols by their nature induce behavioral and/or physiological inhibition or facilitation, even when they are applied to nonmotor cortical sites or under untested circumstances. In this Perspectives article, we offer a “public service announcement” that summarizes the origins of this problematic assumption, highlighting limitations of seminal studies that inspired them and results of contemporary studies that violate them. Next, we discuss problems associated with holding this assumption, including making brain–behavior inferences without confirming the locality and directionality of neurophysiological changes. Finally, we provide recommendations for researchers to eliminate this misguided assumption when designing and interpreting their own work, emphasizing results of recent studies showing that the effects of rTMS on neurophysiological metrics and their associated behaviors can be caused by mechanisms other than binary changes in excitability of the stimulated brain region or network. Collectively, we contend that no rTMS protocol is by its nature either excitatory or inhibitory, and that researchers must use caution with these terms when forming experimental hypotheses and testing brain–behavior relationships.
Monkey Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Subregions Differentiate between Perceptual Exposure to Visual Stimuli
Authors: Leaman Kyoko , Rodriguez Nadira Yusif , Ahuja Aarit , Basu Debaleena , McKim Theresa H. , Desrochers Theresa M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Each day, humans must parse visual stimuli with varying amounts of perceptual experience, ranging from incredibly familiar to entirely new. Even when choosing a novel to buy at a bookstore, one sees covers they have repeatedly experienced intermixed with recently released titles. Visual exposure to stimuli has distinct neural correlates in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) of nonhuman primates. However, it is currently unknown if this function may be localized to specific subregions within LPFC. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether the posterior fundus of Area 46 (p46f), an area that responds to deviations from learned sequences, also responds to less frequently presented stimuli outside of the sequential context. We compare responses in p46f to the adjacent subregion, posterior ventral area 46 (p46v), which we propose may be more likely to show exposure-dependent responses due to its proximity to novelty-responsive regions. To test whether p46f or p46v represent perceptual exposure, we performed awake fMRI on three male monkeys as they observed visual stimuli that varied in their number of daily presentations. Here, we show that p46v, but not p46f, shows preferential activation to stimuli with low perceptual exposure, further localizing exposure-dependent effects in monkey LPFC. These results align with previous research that has found novelty responses in ventral LPFC and are consistent with the proposal that p46f performs a sequence-specific function. Furthermore, they expand on our knowledge of the specific role of LPFC subregions and localize perceptual exposure processing within this broader brain region.
Improving Recall in Sparse Associative Memories That Use Neurogenesis
Authors: Warr Katy , Hare Jonathon , Thomas David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The creation of future low-power neuromorphic solutions requires specialist spiking neural network (SNN) algorithms that are optimized for neuromorphic settings. One such algorithmic challenge is the ability to recall learned patterns from their noisy variants. Solutions to this problem may be required to memorize vast numbers of patterns based on limited training data and subsequently recall the patterns in the presence of noise. To solve this problem, previous work has explored sparse associative memory (SAM)—associative memory neural models that exploit the principle of sparse neural coding observed in the brain. Research into a subcategory of SAM has been inspired by the biological process of adult neurogenesis, whereby new neurons are generated to facilitate adaptive and effective lifelong learning. Although these neurogenesis models have been demonstrated in previous research, they have limitations in terms of recall memory capacity and robustness to noise.
In this article, we provide a unifying framework for characterizing a type of SAM network that has been pretrained using a learning strategy that incorporated a simple neurogenesis model. Using this characterization, we formally define network topology and threshold optimization methods to empirically demonstrate greater than 104 times improvement in memory capacity compared to previous work. We show that these optimizations can facilitate the development of networks that have reduced interneuron connectivity while maintaining high recall efficacy. This paves the way for ongoing research into fast, effective, low-power realizations of associative memory on neuromorphic platforms.
Hearing Pronouns Primes Speakers to Use Pronouns
Authors: Arnold Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Speaking requires frequent decisions about how to refer, for example whether to use a pronoun (she) or a name (Ana). It is well known that this choice is guided by the discourse context, but little is known about the representations that are activated. We use priming to test whether this choice can be facilitated through recent exposure, and if so, what representations are activated. In a storytelling task, participants take turns with experimenters telling a story that is illustrated in 2-panel cartoons. The first sentence is given, and participants describe the second panel in their own words. We manipulate whether the experimenter used a pronoun or name in the prior story. Experiment 1 provides the first evidence in the literature that reference form choice can be primed, and that it is not dependent on the syntactic position of the antecedent. However, the effect is not finely tuned to the preceding prime. Instead, exposure at the start of the experiment persists throughout, even when the prime changes. Experiments 2 and 3 further show that exposure to pronoun primes result in greater pronoun use than at baseline, but that there is no sensitivity to the prime on the most recent trial. Results argue against a role for production facilitation in pronoun use, which suggests that reference production is not impacted by production efficiency.
Does the Burnt Offering Atone?
Authors: Zuckier Shlomo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The wholly burnt offering, or olah, and its relation to expiation/atonement, poses a vexing question. Across biblical, Second Temple, and rabbinic sources, there is conflicting evidence as to whether olah atones. Among the rabbinic materials this question is especially complicated, with multiple texts stating that olah does atone (‮כ.פ.ר‬‎), and others implying or stating outright that it does not. This study analyzes these varied materials, considering rabbinic texts against parallel biblical and Second Temple materials. This question is important both for understanding this offering and for how that impacts upon understandings of sacrifice and atonement in ancient Judaism. The flexibility of the olah offering renders it a site for negotiation between differing conceptions of these categories for ancient Jews.
Seed microbiome in crop disease management
Authors: Poonguzhali G. , Rajendran L. , Manoranjitham S.K. , Raja P. , Vinothkumar B. , Saravanakumari K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sustainable agriculture needs innovative approaches because of the increasing demand for food in which the plant microbiome helps in increase crop production and protection which leads to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. The microbiome comprises a variety of microorganisms that reside in plant parts such as leaves, stems, roots, flowers and seeds. In particular, the seed microbiome, which inhabits the seed surface and internal tissues, offers an opportunity to improve plant health and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. They help to tolerate stress and inhibit the pathogens through induced systemic resistance (ISR), production of antimicrobial, volatile compounds and competition for nutrients and space. These beneficial microorganisms within the microbiome are isolated and characterized using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods via modern omics technology called metagenomics. The importance of the seed microbiome in plant defence mechanisms against pathogens and the factors that affect the composition of the microbiome, such as plant genotype, agricultural practices and environmental impact are addressed in detail in this review.
Intraseasonal Air Temperature Variability and Its Trends Are Sensitive to the Definition of Daily Mean Temperature: Germany as a Case Study
Authors: Krauskopf Tomáš , Huth Radan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our previous research on trends in summer day-to-day mean temperature difference in Europe indicates inhomogeneities to occur at climate stations in Germany. In most cases, they produce an unrealistic decreasing trend. It is suggested that these discontinuities are caused by the change in daily mean temperature calculation in April 2001, from averaging the temperature at 7, 14, and two times 21 to averaging all 24-hourly values. This study demonstrates this inhomogeneity and uncovers the difference in climatology and trends of summer temperature variability between aforesaid definitions of daily mean temperature at 13 stations in Germany. It is revealed that the choice of definition is crucial for seasonal temperature variability while for seasonal mean temperature itself no difference between definitions is noticed. The first definition [(T7 + T14 + 2 × T21)/4] shows days after warming warmer and days after cooling colder than if averaging all 24 observations, which is the reason for overestimated intraseasonal temperature variability before 2001 and for its artificial decreasing trends.
Impact of the Inflammatory Burden Index on Prognosis After Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Kawai Hironari , Furukawa Kenei , Tsunematsu Masashi , Shirai Yoshihiro , Onda Shinji , Haruki Koichiro , Matsumoto Michinori , Okui Norimitsu , Taniai Tomohiko , Ikegami Toru 
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of the inflammatory burden index (IBI), a novel inflammation-based biomarker, in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatic resection. Patients and Methods One hundred fifty patients with CRLM who underwent hepatectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The IBI was defined as C-reactive protein × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. The relationship of the IBI with overall survival was investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Seventy-three (49%) patients had a high IBI (>3.45). In univariate analysis, overall survival was significantly worse in patients with lymph node metastases ( P = 0.048), high NLR ( P = 0.03), and high IBI ( P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, high IBI ( P = 0.048) was an independent and significant predictor of overall survival. Patients with a high IBI had more postoperative complications compared with those with a low IBI ( P < 0.01). Conclusion The IBI was a strong predictor for both short- and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent hepatic resection for CRLM.
Exploring Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhou Jingjing , Xia Yu 
Published: January 2025

Background: Compassion fatigue is a state of emotional and physical exhaustion that arises from frequent contact with people who have experienced trauma or stress, which may affect particularly those working in health care. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and determinants of compassion fatigue among pediatric nurses. Methods: A survey was administered to pediatric nurses at a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu province, China. Chinese compassion fatigue scale was used to investigate the compassion fatigue. Results: The study enrolled 364 pediatric nurses, with a compassion fatigue prevalence of 59.89%. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.094, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.833-2.418), education level (OR = 2.118, 95% CI = 1.852-2.669), monthly income (OR = 3.976, 95% CI = 2.904-4.412), and having children at home (OR = 2.314, 95% CI = 1.851-3.025) were independent predictors of compassion fatigue. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the need for targeted interventions to mitigate compassion fatigue in pediatric nurses.
Kinesophobia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Li Rui , Liang Meng-yao , Wu Yue , Song Hong , Liu Hai-tang 
Published: January 2025

Objective To explore the status of kinesophobia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and analyze the influencing factors of different kinesophobia profiles. Design Cross-sectional survey study Participants A total of 245 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent surgical treatment at our Department of Orthopedics between January 2023 and March 2024 were selected Main Measure A general data questionnaire and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were used in the investigation. Latent profile analysis was conducted to categorise kinesophobia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, while univariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors influencing the latent profiles of kinesophobia. Results The average kinesophobia score of the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures was 45.38 ± 7.12 points. The patients were divided into three latent profile categories, namely high, medium, and low kinesophobia, with mean probabilities of 0.958, 0.966, and 0.970, respectively. Furthermore, age, gender, pain score, injury cause, and other injuries were significant influencing factors in the kinesophobia groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Kinesophobia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is heterogeneous and affected by age, gender, pain score, injury cause, and other injuries. Clinical staff should recognise the characteristics of patients in different kinesophobia categories and actively adopt appropriate measures for those in the high kinesophobia group to enhance the alleviation of their fear status and mitigate the occurrence of fear-induced adverse outcomes, such as disability and weakness.
Exploring the association between familial hemiplegic migraine genes (CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A) with migraine and epilepsy: A UK Biobank exome-wide association study
Authors: Staehr Christian , Nyegaard Mette , Bach Flemming W. , Rohde Palle Duun , Matchkov Vladimir V. 
Published: January 2025

Background Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) types 1–3 are associated with protein-altering genetic variants in CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A, respectively. These genes have also been linked to epilepsy. Previous studies primarily focused on phenotypes, examining genetic variants in individuals with characteristic FHM symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the association of FHM genetic variation with migraine and epilepsy, utilizing a genotype-first approach. Methods Whole-exome sequence data from 454,706 individuals from the UK Biobank were examined for self-reported and inpatient-diagnosed migraine and epilepsy. Carriers were compared with non-carriers in a burden analysis using logistic regression while accounting for age, biological sex and UK Biobank assessment center. A machine learning-based approach was employed to predict whether variants resulted in gain-of-function (GoF), loss-of-function (LoF) or neutral effects. Results Heterozygous carriers of GoF CACNA1A variants, LoF ATP1A2 variants or neutral SCN1A variants were at increased risk of migraine. Homozygous carriers of neutral SCN1A variants were also associated with migraine but these carriers showed a reduced disease risk of epilepsy. Conclusions Heterozygous genotypes in all three FHM genes were associated with migraine but not epilepsy in this genotype-focused study. Homozygous SCN1A genotypes also showed increased disease risk of migraine, yet these carriers were protected against epilepsy.