bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Outcome and Complications in Females With Breast Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Jeffrey , Zhu Xi Ming , Huynh Minh N Q , McRae Mark 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Breast augmentation is a commonly performed cosmetic procedure. We set out to determine whether there was any effect on breastfeeding in females after breast implants. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence on breastfeeding outcome and complications in females with breast augmentation. A systematic review was performed utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, and all evidence-based medicine reviews from their respective inception dates to November 7, 2022, to assess outcomes of breastfeeding in females with breast implants (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022357909). This review was in accordance with both the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eleven studies (4 prospective and 7 retrospective) in total were included in the review. A total of 8197 out of 9965 (82.25%) patients were successfully able to breastfeed after breast implants. Of 5 studies that included a control group, 343,793 of 388,695 (88.45%) women without breast implants successfully breastfed. A meta-analysis of 5 comparative studies showed a significant reduction of breastfeeding in females with breast implants, n = 393,686, pooled odds ratio = 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.53). Complications described included pain, mastitis, insufficient or excessive lactation, and nipple inversion. There may be impairment in ability to breastfeed for females who receive breast implants when compared with those without. Additional studies on the topic are needed to further clarify the relationship.
Deep autoregressive generative models capture the intrinsics embedded in T-cell receptor repertoires
Authors: Jiang Yuepeng , Li Shuai Cheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractT-cell receptors (TCRs) play an essential role in the adaptive immune system. Probabilistic models for TCR repertoires can help decipher the underlying complex sequence patterns and provide novel insights into understanding the adaptive immune system. In this work, we develop TCRpeg, a deep autoregressive generative model to unravel the sequence patterns of TCR repertoires. TCRpeg largely outperforms state-of-the-art methods in estimating the probability distribution of a TCR repertoire, boosting the average accuracy from 0.672 to 0.906 measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Furthermore, with promising performance in probability inference, TCRpeg improves on a range of TCR-related tasks: profiling TCR repertoire probabilistically, classifying antigen-specific TCRs, validating previously discovered TCR motifs, generating novel TCRs and augmenting TCR data. Our results and analysis highlight the flexibility and capacity of TCRpeg to extract TCR sequence information, providing a novel approach for deciphering complex immunogenomic repertoires.
Ancestor regression in linear structural equation models
Authors: Schultheiss C , Bühlmann P 
Published: February 2023

Summary
We present a new method for causal discovery in linear structural equation models. We propose a simple technique based on statistical testing in linear models that can distinguish between ancestors and non-ancestors of any given variable. Naturally, this approach can then be extended to estimating the causal order among all variables. We provide explicit error control for false causal discovery, at least asymptotically. This holds true even under Gaussianity, where other methods fail due to non-identifiable structures. These Type I error guarantees come at the cost of reduced power. Additionally, we provide an asymptotically valid goodness-of-fit p-value for assessing whether multivariate data stem from a linear structural equation model.
Prevalence of Ocular Candidiasis and Candida Endophthalmitis in Patients With Candidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Phongkhun Kasidis , Pothikamjorn Thananop , Srisurapanont Karan , Manothummetha Kasama , Sanguankeo Anawin , Thongkam Achitpol , Chuleerarux Nipat , Leksuwankun Surachai , Meejun Tanaporn , Thanakitcharu Jaedvara , Walker Morgan , Gopinath Shilpa , Torvorapanit Pattama , Langsiri Nattapong , Worasilchai Navaporn , Moonla Chatphatai , Plongla Rongpong , Kates Olivia S , Nematollahi Saman , Permpalung Nitipong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases and ophthalmology professional societies have disagreed regarding ocular screening in patients with candidemia. We aimed to summarize the current evidence on the prevalence of ocular candidiasis (OC) and Candida endophthalmitis (CE) according to the standardized definitions.

Methods
A literature search was conducted from the inception date through 16 October 2022 using PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS. Pooled prevalence of ocular complications was derived from generalized linear mixed models (PROSPERO CRD42022326610).

Results
A total of 70 and 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis for OC and concordant CE (chorioretinitis with vitreous involvement), respectively. This study represented 8599 patients with candidemia who underwent ophthalmologic examination. Pooled prevalences (95% CI) of OC, overall CE, concordant CE, and discordant CE were 10.7% (8.4–13.5%), 3.1% (2.1–4.5%), 1.8% (1.3–2.6%), and 7.4% (4.5–12%) of patients screened, respectively. Studies from Asian countries had significantly higher concordant CE prevalence (95% CI) of patients screened (3.6%; 2.9–4.6%) compared with studies from European countries (1.4%; .4–5%) and American countries (1.4%; .9–2.2%) (P &lt;.01). Presence of total parenteral nutrition and Candida albicans was associated with CE, with pooled odds ratios (95% CI) of 6.92 (3.58–13.36) and 3.02 (1.67–5.46), respectively.

Conclusions
Prevalence of concordant CE overall and among Asian countries was 2 and 4 times higher than the prevalence previously reported by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) of &lt;0.9%, respectively. There is an urgent need to study optimal screening protocols and to establish joint recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and AAO.
Is female sex impactful in the pathophysiology, presentation, management, and outlook of type A acute aortic dissection?
Authors: Frati Giacomo , Bernardi Marco , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Wael Saade , Giordano Arturo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcute aortic dissection (AAD) is the most common acute aortic syndrome. It is a life-threatening condition and surgical emergency associated with high mortality if not treated promptly. While it is well established that cardiovascular disease recognises different pathophysiological pathways between men and women, there is limited evidence of sex differences in AAS, especially in type A AAD. According to a recent synthesis of clinical studies on gender differences in type A AAD, women were found to have different baseline characteristics, presentation and outcomes, and thus sex should be considered relevant for diagnosis, risk-stratification and management of type A AAD.
Complex hybridization between deeply diverged fish species in a disturbed ecosystem
Authors: Banerjee Shreya M , Powell Daniel L , Moran Benjamin M , Ramírez-Duarte Wilson F , Langdon Quinn K , Gunn Theresa R , Vazquez Gaby , Rochman Chelsea , Schumer Molly 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Over the past two decades researchers have documented the extent of natural hybridization between closely related species using genomic tools. Many species across the tree of life show evidence of past hybridization with their evolutionary relatives. In some cases, this hybridization is complex—involving gene flow between more than two species. While hybridization is common over evolutionary timescales, some researchers have proposed that it may be even more common in contemporary populations where anthropogenic disturbance has modified a myriad of aspects of the environments in which organisms live and reproduce. Here, we develop a flexible tool for local ancestry inference in hybrids derived from three source populations and describe a complex, recent hybridization event between distantly related swordtail fish lineages (Xiphophorus) and its potential links to anthropogenic disturbance.
Contesting illness: communicative (dis)enfranchisement in patient–provider conversations about chronic overlapping pain conditions
Authors: Hintz Elizabeth A , Tucker Rachel V 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGuided by the theory of communicative (dis)enfranchisement (TCD), this study analyzes 738 narratives describing negative (n = 381) and positive (n = 357) patient–provider interactions recounted by 399 female-identifying patients residing in 22 countries who are living with poorly understood chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) such as fibromyalgia, vulvodynia, and endometriosis. Using thematic co-occurrence analysis (TCA), a novel method that builds on the identification of themes to map and visualize conceptual interrelationships, we identify nine enactments of (dis)enfranchising talk (DT) across three functions (discrediting, silencing, and stereotyping), four domains of consequences of DT (perceptual, emotional, physical, and material), and two patterns of co-occurrence between functions and consequences of DT (discrediting and physical, silencing and emotional). We illustrate how three MAXQDA software features can facilitate multi-coder TCA in large qualitative datasets. We offer theoretical implications and practical implications for communication researchers, patients, and medical providers toward improving difficult conversations concerning chronic pain.
Reducing and Managing Risk: The Dimensions of Strong Ceasefires in Intra-State Conflict
Authors: Nathan Laurie , Sethi Ajay 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article presents a conceptual framework for analyzing the strength of ceasefires in intra-state conflict. The framework is based on the perspectives of ceasefire practitioners. The practitioners view the essence of ceasefire design as the reduction and management of risk, which ranges in severity from violations to complete breakdown of the ceasefire agreement. The framework identifies three determinants of ceasefire risk: the design's objective quality, being the extent to which the ceasefire arrangements reduce and manage risk; the design's subjective quality, being the parties’ satisfaction with these arrangements; and the will of the parties to end the conflict through negotiations. Each dimension is negatively associated with risk, such that strong objective quality, strong subjective quality, and strong political will reduce the level of risk. We explore the effects of these dimensions and the relationship between them. We discuss two exceptions to the standard thesis that objectively strong design leads to subjectively strong design and ceasefire durability: “spurious agreements,” which are signed by the parties under duress with no intention of honoring them, and preliminary ceasefires, which the parties generally prefer to be objectively weak. We illustrate the conceptual framework through case studies of ceasefires in Sudan and South Sudan.
Do Administrative Procedures Fix Cognitive Biases?
Authors: Chen Benjamin Minhao , Libgober Brian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article uses survey experiments to assess whether administrative procedures fix cognitive bias. We focus on two procedural requirements: qualitative reason-giving and quantitative cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Both requirements are now firmly entrenched in the U.S. federal regulation-making. Multilateral organizations such as the World Bank, OECD, and EU have encouraged their broad diffusion across many national contexts. Yet CBA, in particular, remains controversial. Supporters of CBA claim it leads to more rational regulation, with Sunstein (2000) asserting that CBA can reduce cognitive biases. By contrast, we argue that procedures should be conceptualized as imperfect substitutes subject to diminishing marginal benefits. To test and illustrate this argument, we examine how each procedure individually and cumulatively modulates gain–loss framing, partisan-motivated reasoning, and scope insensitivity in a nationally representative sample. We find that one or both procedures decreased cognitive bias. CBA was the most helpful against partisan reasoning whereas reason-giving did little. Both procedures seem comparably effective against the other biases, although in each case only one of the two procedures produced reductions distinguishable from zero. We only find substantial synergies between the two procedures with respect to gain–loss framing. For the other biases, the combination of both procedures did not generate significant reductions over and above that achieved by the more effective procedure alone. We hypothesize that procedures will only fix cognitive biases if they disrupt bias-inducing mental processes, and we reconcile this proposition with our findings. We conclude by relating our framework to debates about the design of administrative procedures and describe a research agenda based upon rationality-improving procedures.
Acute compartment syndrome of the leg caused by cocaine use, creatine supplementation and vigorous exercise
Authors: Robles Emilio L , Pache Killian M , Gluck Joshua S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can be catastrophic. Reporting abnormal presentations to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment is vital. We present a case of ACS in the deep posterior compartment of the leg with an unusual presentation and cause. The patient presented to the emergency department complaining of numbness on the plantar aspect of his left foot, and described a history of cocaine use, increased exercise and creatine supplementation. The patient was diagnosed with acute deep posterior compartment syndrome of the left leg and underwent a lower extremity fasciotomy. There are case reports demonstrating that strenuous activity, drug use and creatine supplementation cause increased compartment pressures and ACS. Rare in the literature is a case where these activities occur concurrently with the abnormal presentation of symptoms seen in this case. We hope this case brings awareness of atraumatic risk factors and uncommon presentations to the medical community.
Deep vein thrombosis causing abdominal wall varicosities
Authors: Norys John H , Sexton Kevin W , Jensen Hanna K , Deneke Matthew , Priddy Erin E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical finding occurring in ~25% of hospitalized patients with roughly half of these patients experiencing post-thrombotic complications [Baldwin, Moore, Rudarakanchana, Gohel, Davies (Post-thrombotic syndrome: a clinical review. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:795–805.)]. There are many associated complications of DVTs, including pulmonary embolism and lower extremity swelling; however, the occurrence of abdominal wall varicosities with DVT’s is rare [Baldwin, Moore, Rudarakanchana, Gohel, Davies (Post-thrombotic syndrome: a clinical review. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:795–805.)]. The purpose of this case study is to rare presentation of abdominal vein varicosities as manifestation of DVT.
Evolution of erectile dysfunction in individuals infected with human T-lymphotropic virus 1: a prospective cohort study
Authors: de Oliveira Cassius J V , Neto José Abraão Carneiro , Liberato de Matos Sheila N F , Oliveira Paulo , Tannus Matheus , Castro Néviton , Rocha Paulo N , Carvalho Edgar M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundVirtually all patients with human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) have some degree of erectile dysfunction (ED), but ED is also found in a large percentage of HTLV-1 carriers.AimTo evaluate the evolution of ED in individuals infected with HTLV-1 who were followed for up to 15 years.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included men infected with HTLV-1 who had ED, were aged 18 to 70 years, and were followed from January 2004 to December 2019. We used the International Index of Erectile Function–5 (IIEF-5), the Expanded Disability Status Scale and Osame Motor Disability Scale, and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) to define and stratify ED, neurologic disability, and bladder dysfunction, respectively.OutcomesTime to development of severe ED was the main outcome.ResultsWe studied 90 men with ED (mean ± SD age, 52.8 ± 9.78 years). At baseline, 42 were carriers, 16 had probable HAM/TSP, and 32 had definite HAM/TSP. IIEF-5 was highest among carriers and lowest in patients with definite HAM/TSP, whereas OABSS was lowest in carriers and highest in patients with definite HAM/TSP. Median (IQR) follow-up was 8.50 years (3.00-12.00). IIEF-5 fell significantly from baseline to last follow-up among carriers and patients with probable and definite HAM/TSP. There was an inverse correlation between the IIEF-5 and the OABSS at last follow-up (r = −0.62, P &lt; .001). In survival analysis, the time to development of severe ED was significantly shorter in patients with definite HAM/TSP when compared with carriers (P = .001) and those with probable HAM/TSP (P = .014). The presence of definite HAM/TSP at baseline was independently associated with the development of severe ED, after adjustment for baseline age and proviral load (hazard ratio, 6.74; P = .008).Clinical ImplicationsFormal assessment of erectile function should be part of the routine clinical assessment of individuals infected with HTLV-1; worsening erectile function should alert clinicians to the possibility of neurologic deterioration.Strengths and LimitationsThis is the first prospective cohort study to describe the course of ED in men infected with HTLV-1. The small sample size and absence of seronegative controls are limitations.ConclusionED is a slowly progressive clinical manifestation of HTLV-1 infection, and the degree of neurologic compromise at baseline is the main predictor of time to progression to severe ED.
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2030—A Program to Accelerate the Implementation of World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Siddiqi Kamran , Elsey Helen , Khokhar Mariam A , Marshall Anna-Marie , Pokhrel Subhash , Arora Monika , Crankson Shirley , Mehra Rashmi , Morello Paola , Collin Jeff , Fong Geoffrey T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) 2030 Program (2017–2021) was launched to accelerate World Health Organization (WHO) FCTC implementation in 15 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We evaluated the Program in six domains: Governance; Smoke-Free Policies; Taxation; Packaging and Health Warnings; Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship (TAPS) bans; and International and Regional Cooperation.

Aims and Methods
Following a mixed-methods design, we surveyed (June–September 2020) FCTC focal persons in 14 of the 15 countries, to understand the Program’s financial and technical inputs and progress made in each of the six domains. The data were coded in terms of inputs (financial = 1, technical = 1, or both = 2) and progress (none = 1, some = 2, partial = 3, or strong = 4) and a correlation was computed between the inputs and progress scores for each domain. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in five countries. We triangulated between the survey and interview findings.

Results
FCTC 2030 offered substantial financial and technical inputs, responsive to country needs, across all six domains. There was a high positive correlation between technical inputs and progress in five of the six domains, ranging from r = 0.61 for taxation (p &lt; .05) to r = 0.91 and for smoke-free policies (p &lt; .001). The interviews indicated that the Program provided timely and relevant evidence and created opportunities for influencing tobacco control debates.

Conclusions
The FCTC 2030 Program might have led to variable, but significant progress in advancing FCTC implementation in the 15 countries. As expected, much of the progress was in augmenting existing structures and resources for FCTC implementation. The resulting advances are likely to lead to further progress in FCTC policy implementation.

Implications
What this study adds: In many LMICs, WHO FCTC policies are not in place; and even when enshrined in law, they are poorly enforced. It is not clear how financial and technical assistance to high tobacco-burden LMICs can most effectively accelerate the implementation of WHO FCTC policies and offer value for money. Bespoke and responsive assistance, both financial and technical, to LMICs aimed at accelerating the implementation of WHO FCTC policies are likely to lead to progress in tobacco control.
The Oxford History of Witchcraft and Magic
Authors: Davies Owen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This richly illustrated book provides a readable and fresh approach to the extensive and complex history of witchcraft and magic. Telling the story from the dawn of writing in the ancient world to the globally successful Harry Potter films, the authors explore a wide range of magical beliefs and practices, the rise of the witch trials, and the depiction of the Devil-worshipping witch. The book also tells the history of witchcraft and magic from the Enlightenment to the present, through exploring the rise of modern magic, the anthropology of magic around the globe, and finally the cinematic portrayal of witches and magicians today.
The Witch Trials
Authors: Voltmer Rita 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of the witch trials through an exploration of the archives that shape our understanding of their dynamics, and of their instigators and victims. Examples of the questionnaires used under continental Roman law to interrogate suspected witches illustrate the mind-set of the prosecuting authorities, and also the importance of torture to the inquisitorial process. Witness statements give an insight into the strength of popular conviction regarding the power of witchcraft, and the range of popular concerns. Even seemingly dry expense accounts provide valuable insights. The influence of popular print is also explained, with examples showing how the trial process was reported and more generally influenced popular perceptions of witchcraft and magic.
The Witch and Magician in European Art
Authors: Zika Charles 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature of artistic representations of the witch from the early modern period to the nineteenth century, from simple woodcut images in fifteenth-century demonological texts to satirical engravings in the eighteenth century. A key aim is to show how artistic representations reflected the development of ideas about witchcraft as a social and religious threat in the early demonologies and ended with Enlightenment mockery and satire of the belief in witches. In the process a range of other themes are explored, such as notions of the witches’ sabbat, sexual imagery, the international exchange of ideas, and the elision of imagination with the reality of the witch trials.