bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Carrier‐Free Nanodrugs for Starvation Therapy‐Amplified Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Yang , Liang Yuqin , Wang Mingcheng , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Yi Huixi , Zhao Xiaoya , Chang Jishuo , Zheng Yue , Guo Weisheng , Yu Xiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditional starvation treatment strategies, which involve glucose oxidase and drug‐induced thrombi, often suffer from aggravated tumor hypoxia and have failed to improve antitumor efficacy in combination with oxygen‐dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, glucose transporter 1 inhibitor genistein (Gen) and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) are integrated to construct carrier‐free self‐assembled nanoparticles defined as GC NPs, for starvation therapy‐amplified PDT of tumor. GC NPs with regular morphology and stability are screened out by component adjustment, while the function of each component is preserved. On the one hand, Gen released from GC NPs can cut off tumor glucose uptake by inhibiting the glucose transporter 1 to restrict tumor growth, achieving starvation therapy. On the other hand, they are able to decrease the amount of oxygen consumed by tumor respiration and amplify the therapeutic effect of PDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments verify the excellent synergistic antitumor therapeutic efficacy of GC NPs without any apparent toxicity. Moreover, fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging provide guidance for in vivo PDT, demonstrating the excellent tumor enrichment efficiency of GC NPs. It is believed that this starvation therapy‐amplified PDT strategy by carrier‐free self‐assembled GC NPs holds promising clinical prospects.
Ultra‐Rapid Synthesis of Perovskite Micro/Nanocubes Induced by Nanoporous Surface for Micro/Nanolasers
Authors: Zhou Fengxian , Chen Zhuocheng , Hu Zhiping , Huang Sihao , Li Qian , Zhan Zijun , Liu Zhengzheng , Zhang Zeyu , He Jin , Du Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerovskite micro/nanostructure with regular compact structure and high optical gain has provided a viable route toward the miniaturization of micro/nanolaser without an external cavity. Herein, a new process for the ultra‐rapid room‐temperature synthesis of perovskite micro/nanocubes with controllable size by combining surface‐induced crystallization with the perovskite solution route is described. At first, the perovskite precursors PbBr2 are encapsulated into the nanoporous glass monolith and then react with CsBr solution on a glass surface, where nanoscopic pores facilitate heterogeneous nucleation significantly. The whole synthesis process of micro/nanocubes is ultra‐rapid and complete within 20 s. Based on the synthetic perovskite micro/nanocubes, low‐threshold upconversion lasing is successfully realized with a high‐quality factor of 2845, which further confirms the high quality and excellent optical performance of perovskite micro/nanocubes. This powerful solution route provides an ultra‐rapid and facile method for the synthesis of perovskite micro/nanostructure toward miniaturized optoelectronic devices.
Mechanochemical Approach for Air‐Tolerant and Extremely Fast Lithium‐Based Birch Reductions in Minutes
Authors: Gao Yunpeng , Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBirch reduction has been widely used in organic synthesis for over half a century as a powerful method to dearomatize arenes into 1,4‐cyclohexadiene derivatives. However, the conventional Birch reduction reaction using liquid ammonia requires laborious procedures to ensure inert conditions and low temperatures. Although several ammonia‐free modifications have been reported, the development of an operationally simple, efficient, and scalable protocol remains a challenge. Herein, we report an ammonia‐free lithium‐based Birch reduction in air without special operating conditions using a ball‐milling technique. This method is characterized by its operational simplicity and an extremely short reaction time (within 1 min), probably owing to the in situ mechanical activation of lithium metal, broad substrate scope, and no requirement for dry bulk solvents. The potential of our flash Birch reaction is also demonstrated by the efficient reduction of bioactive target molecules and gram‐scale synthesis.
Approaching Theoretical Performances of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Generation by Cobalt‐Nitrogen Moieties
Authors: Lin Runjia , Kang Liqun , Lisowska Karolina , He Weiying , Zhao Siyu , Hayama Shusaku , Hutchings Graham J. , Brett Dan J. L. , Corà Furio , Parkin Ivan P. , He Guanjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been intensively studied for environmentally benign applications. However, insufficient understanding of ORR 2 e−‐pathway mechanism at the atomic level inhibits rational design of catalysts with both high activity and selectivity, causing concerns including catalyst degradation due to Fenton reaction or poor efficiency of H2O2 electrosynthesis. Herein we show that the generally accepted ORR electrocatalyst design based on a Sabatier volcano plot argument optimises activity but is unable to account for the 2 e−‐pathway selectivity. Through electrochemical and operando spectroscopic studies on a series of CoNx/carbon nanotube hybrids, a construction‐driven approach based on an extended “dynamic active site saturation” model that aims to create the maximum number of 2 e− ORR sites by directing the secondary ORR electron transfer towards the 2 e− intermediate is proven to be attainable by manipulating O2 hydrogenation kinetics.
Piloting an interprofessional virtual cadaveric dissection course: Responding to COVID‐19
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Wainman Bruce , Palombella Andrew , Rockarts Jasmine , Wojkowski Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterprofessional learning improves students' clinical and interprofessional competencies. COVID‐19 prevented delivering in‐person education and motivated the development of a virtual interprofessional cadaveric dissection (ICD) course. This study reports on the effects of a virtual ICD course compared to a previously delivered in‐person course, on students' readiness for, and perceptions about, interprofessional learning. Students attending the ICD course in‐person (2019–2020) or virtually (2020–2021) completed the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS). Students in the virtual course also provided written feedback. Thirty‐two (24 women; Median: 24 [Q1‐Q3: 22–25] years) and 23 students (18 women; 22 [21–23] years) attended the in‐person and virtual courses, respectively. In the virtual cohort, the RIPLS total score (82 [76–87] vs. 85 [78–90]; p = 0.034) and the roles and responsibilities sub‐score (11 [9–12] vs. 12 [11–13]; p = 0.001) improved significantly. In the in‐person cohort, the roles and responsibilities sub‐score improved significantly (12 [10–14] vs. 13 [11–14]; p = 0.017). No significant differences were observed between cohorts (p < 0.05). Themes identified in the qualitative analysis were advantages and positive experiences, competencies acquired, disadvantages and challenges, and preferences and suggestions. In‐person and virtual ICD courses seem to have similar effects on students' interprofessional learning. However, students reported preferring the in‐person setting for learning anatomy‐dissection skills.
Protective effect of Pueraria lobata leaves on doxorubicin‐induced myocardial infarction in experimental Wistar rats
Authors: Li Lei , Vijayalakshmi Annamalai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study intended to explore the preventive effects of Pueraria lobata leaves against doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Wistar rats. The rats were separated into four groups, with each group containing six rats. Group I control rats; group II received DOX‐alone in six equivalent injections for 2 weeks; group III received DOX as abovementioned with P. lobata oral administration for 2 weeks; group IV received P. lobata alone for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, postcervical dislocation and MI induced by DOX were determined on the basis of the variations in the animal body and heart weight and further instabilities in cardiac marker enzymes aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐myoglobin binding, and cardiac troponin I in the serum. At the same time, for group III animals, which were exposed to P. lobata, all the above‐denoted marker levels were maintained. Levels of some crucial heart‐binding proteins like heart fatty acid binding protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and transforming growth factor beta were elevated in DOX‐alone treated rats. Additionally, group III animals treated with P. lobata showed some preventive downregulated expressions of these binding proteins. Histopathological observations also revealed the preventive effect of P. lobata. Ultimately proteins tangled in the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway were studied by Western blot. P. lobata treatment downregulated the inflammatory markers. The findings suggest that P. lobata exhibits cardioprotective effect on MI.
Striving for sustainable development at the top: Exploring the interplay of director and CEO values on environmental sustainability focus
Authors: Prömpeler Julia , Veltrop Dennis B. , Stoker Janka I. , Rink Floor A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrawing from research on strategic management and environmental psychology, this study investigates the role of independent directors' and CEOs' values in promoting sustainable development. We propose that their values may interactively shape directors' focus on environmental sustainability. We test our propositions with survey data from 176 directors and matching CEOs. Our results confirm that there is a significant positive relationship between directors' biospheric values and their environmental sustainability focus, which is further amplified by CEO egoistic values. In contrast to our expectations—and regardless of CEO values—directors' egoistic values appear to be unrelated to their environmental sustainability focus. As such, this research points to the importance of director and CEO values acting as substitutes rather than complements in shaping directors' environmental sustainability focus. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of considering both director and CEO values in promoting environmental policy at the top of the organization.
Access to Benzo‐ and Naphtho‐Azaphospholes via C−H Bond Activation of Aryl‐Substituted Isonitriles
Authors: Pilopp Yannic , Bresien Jonas , Gschwind Daniel T. , Villinger Alexander , Michalik Dirk , Schulz Axel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferently substituted phenyl isonitriles (with C−H bonds in ortho‐position) and naphthyl isonitriles were reacted with the cyclic biradical [⋅P(μ‐N‐Ter)2P⋅] (1). Insertion of the isonitrile formed a cyclic five‐membered biradical [⋅P(NTer)2C(R)P⋅] (2R, R=phenyl, naphthyl) in the first step, followed by C−H activation at the aryl substituent, resulting in novel azaphospholes (5R), which could be isolated and fully characterized. The formation of the azaphospholes can be prevented by the addition of a second equivalent of isonitrile, which causes the blocking of the radical centers in 2R by adduct formation (3R). Quantum mechanical calculations showed that a significant increase in the aromaticity of the benzo‐ and naphtho‐azaphospholes is one of the driving forces for the activation process leading to the formation of thermodynamically favored azaphospholes. Targeted activation of C−H bonds using biradical systems represents a new synthetic approach to generate benzo‐ and naphtho‐azaphospholes.
A Photoswitchable Solvatochromic Dye for Probing Membrane Ordering by RESOLFT Super‐resolution Microscopy**
Authors: Frawley Andrew T. , Leslie Kathryn G. , Wycisk Virginia , Galiani Silvia , Shrestha Dilip , Eggeling Christian , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA switchable solvatochromic fluorescent dyad can be used to map ordering of lipids in vesicle membranes at a resolution better than the diffraction limit. Combining a Nile Red fluorophore with a photochromic spironaphthoxazine quencher allows the fluorescence to be controlled using visible light, via photoswitching and FRET quenching. Synthetic lipid vesicles of varying composition were imaged with an average 2.5‐fold resolution enhancement, compared to the confocal images. Ratiometric detection was used to probe the membrane polarity, and domains of different lipid ordering were distinguished within the same membrane.
A miniaturized highly selective MTM‐inspired filter for lowpass and triple‐band bandpass performance with configurable transmission zeros and bandwidth
Authors: Singh Raghvenda Kumar , Gupta Ashish 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a novel, compact, and highly selective metamaterial inspired filter with low insertion loss, lowpass, and triple‐band bandpass characteristics. The presence of five transmission zeros and seven poles facilitates highly selective filtering performance. The improved impedance matching and transmission characteristics have been achieved by embedding complementary split ring resonator as defected ground structure. The filter circuit area excluding 50 Ω feed lines is merely 0.17λg × 0.05λg at 3‐dB cut‐off frequency of lowpass passband (1.11 GHz). The 3‐dB fractional bandwidths of the three bandpass regions are 39.50% (1.3–1.94 GHz), 21.20% (3.12–3.86 GHz), and 21.06% (4.04–4.99 GHz) at the center frequencies of 1.62, 3.49, and 4.51 GHz, respectively. Intended filter also offers a wide stopband extending from 2.15 to 2.96 GHz at close to 20 dB attenuation level. Further, position of transmission zeros and 3‐dB passband bandwidths can be adjusted by carefully choosing structural design parameters. The metamaterial effect of the proposed filter has been demonstrated by plotting refractive index followed by validating the performance with the help of experimental measurements. No filter shows lowpass characteristic along with three bandpass performances as found by the authors exploring literature, which presents the novelty of the proposed work.
Identification of hydrodynamic changes in rivers by means of freshwater mussels' behavioural response: An experimental investigation
Authors: Termini Donatella , Benistati Nina , Tosato Luca , Pilbala Ashkan , Modesto Vanessa , Fraccarollo Luigi , Manca Dario , Moramarco Tommaso , Riccardi Nicoletta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work concerns the interaction between hydraulic processes and biological communities in rivers. In particular, the aim of this study is to investigate the interactions between flow dynamics and the freshwater mussels (FMs) to verify if the mussels' behavioural response to the hydrodynamic stress could be used to monitor natural extreme events in rivers. Although the influence of mussels on the kinematic characteristics of flow at the water–sediment interface was investigated by a certain number of studies, their behavioural response to flow, both in static and dynamic conditions, remains understudied. Laboratory experiments were performed in an artificial flume exposing Unio elongatulus to different values of flow discharge, both in steady and in unsteady conditions either with or without sediment transport. Mussels' behavioural responses were detected by using Hall sensor technology to measure gaping frequency, amplitude and duration, both in static conditions and under the effect of hydrodynamic stresses. Five categories of behavioural response were identified: Normal Activity (NA), Resting (Re), Transition (Tr), Adaptation (Ad) and Avoidance (Av). During NA (standard feeding and moving), FMs presented valve gaping, while during Re valves were kept constantly opened for water filtration. After a variation of flow discharge (ΔQ), FMs promptly reacted showing a transition from their normal behaviour, with constant gaping frequency (below 0.01 Hz), to higher valve gaping frequencies. The mean valves' gaping frequency increased as a function of ΔQ, and the highest values were reached in the presence of sediment transport. The mean valve opening amplitude was less sensitive to ΔQ. Its range of variation was very narrow with the highest values corresponding to the protrusion/retraction of the animals' foot to move or anchor to the substrate. The percentage of mussels responding to the discharge variation (Transition behaviour) increases with ΔQ confirming that mussels' behavioural response represents a promising tool for monitoring the occurrence of hydrodynamic stressors in fluvial systems.
Synthesis of Diastereomeric 8‐Fluoro‐ABC‐Steroid Building Blocks
Authors: Essers Michael , Haufe Günter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn eight‐step linear sequence for the preparation of two diastereomers of an 8‐fluoro‐ABC‐steroid building block was developed. Key step was an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of an intermediate o‐quinodimethane formed from a benzocyclobutene substituted with a 5‐fluorohex‐5‐en‐4‐one chain. This side chain was prepared from 6‐chlorohex‐1‐ene by bromofluorination, elimination of HBr, Finkelstein reaction and alkylation of a literature‐known benzocyclobutene derivative with the thus‐formed 6‐iodo‐2‐fluorohex‐1‐ene. Allylic oxidation of side chain's fluorovinyl moiety to an α‐fluoro‐α,β‐unsaturated ketone completed the preparation of the precursor for the [4+2]‐cycloaddition.
Personalized pain management: The relationship between clinical relevance and reliability of measurements
Authors: Mista Christian Ariel , Intelangelo Leonardo , Biurrun Manresa José 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReliability is a topic in health science in which a critical appraisal of the magnitudes of the measurements is often left aside to favour a formulaic analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between clinical relevance and reliability of measurements is often overlooked. In this context, the aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the design and analysis of reliability studies, the interpretation of the reliability of measurements and its relationship to clinical significance in the context of pain research and management. The article is divided in two sections: the first section contains a step‐by‐step guide with simple and straightforward recommendations for the design and analysis of a reliability study, with a relevant example involving a commonly used assessment measure in pain research. The second section provides deeper insight about the interpretation of the results of a reliability study and the association between the reliability of measurements and their experimental and clinical relevance.SignificanceReliability studies quantify the measurement error in experimental or clinical setups and should be interpreted as a continuous outcome. The assessment of measurement error is useful to design and interpret future experimental studies and clinical interventions. Reliability and clinical relevance are inextricably linked, as measurement error should be considered in the interpretation of minimal detectable change and minimal clinically important differences.
Nutritional importance and industrial uses of pomegranate peel: A critical review
Authors: Ain Huma Bader Ul , Tufail Tabussam , Bashir Shahid , Ijaz Nabia , Hussain Muzzamal , Ikram Ali , Farooq Muhammad Adil , Saewan Shamaail A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPomegranate (Punica granatum L.), commonly known as a seeded or granular apple, is a delectable fruit eaten worldwide. Pomegranate is one of the healthiest fruits, with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. Large quantities of byproducts, such as seeds and peels, are produced during the pomegranate juice extraction process, which causes disposal problems and environmental contamination. Pomegranate peel (PoP), which accounts for around 30%–40% of the fruit component, is a byproduct of the fruit juice manufacturing industry. PoP is a rich source of polyphenols including phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids, especially anthocyanin. These peels offer several functional and nutraceutical qualities owing to their bioactive ingredients, including lowering blood pressure, reducing oxidative stress, lowering cholesterol levels, and restoring heart health. PoPs have a variety of biological effects, including the ability to resist pathogenic microbes effectively, and used as an additive in various food applications. The current review focuses on the PoP's nutritional and practical attributes, as well as their functions as food additives and functional food preparations.
Fengycin produced by Bacillus subtilis XF‐1 plays a major role in the biocontrol of Chinese cabbage clubroot via direct effect and defense stimulation
Authors: He Pengjie , Cui Wenyan , Munir Shahzad , He Pengbo , Huang Ruirong , Li Xingyu , Wu Yixin , Wang Yuehu , Yang Jing , Tang Ping , He Yueqiu , He Pengfei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBacillus subtilis XF‐1 is a well‐investigated biocontrol agent against the biotrophic Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron., the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous crops. The present study demonstrates that XF‐1 could efficiently control clubroot disease via leaf spraying and provides an understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HTPLC) analysis indicated the presence of fengycin‐type cyclopeptides in the supernatant. A ppsB deletion mutant of XF‐1 resulted in no fengycin production, significantly reduced the lysis rate of testing spores in vitro and the primary infection rate of root hair in vivo, and decreased the protection value against clubroot disease under the greenhouse conditions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy proved that fengycin was not required for leaf internalization and root colonization. Moreover, the expression level of the ppsB gene in XF‐1 was regulated by its cell density in root during interaction with P. brassicae. In addition, the ΔppsB mutant of XF‐1 could not efficiently control disease because it led to a lower activation level of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in roots, which are necessary for the plant defense reaction upon pathogen invasion. Altogether, the present study provides a new understanding of specific cues in the interaction between B. subtilis and P. brassicae as well as insights into the application of B. subtilis in agriculture.