bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the CHARUSAT Patellofemoral Arthritis Questionnaire
Authors: Patel Heta Pavan , Muruganantham Balaganapathy 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Knee osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of the increasing global burden of musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence rate of patellofemoral arthritis is 39% in South Asia in >40 years of age. The census on early osteoarthritis recommends focusing on the prediagnostic stage. However, none of the tools is available to screen the early symptoms of patellofemoral arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the CHARUSAT Patellofemoral Arthritis Questionnaire.

Methods:
The questionnaire was developed using a mixed method stepwise approach. The participant with early patellofemoral arthritis (n = 14) was interviewed. We conducted scoping review and in-depth interviews to develop a conceptual framework. Initial content validation was completed through community consultation and expert opinion. Final psychometric validation was conducted on n = 310 individuals with early patellofemoral arthritis. Participants were recruited from tertiary hospitals' outpatient units and regional communities in India.

Results:
Conceptual framework was developed based on the current literature review, and qualitative data obtained from participants finalized the 4 domains and 12 content versions: crepitus (2 items), stiffness (2 items), pain (2 items), and difficulty in functional activity (6 items). The psychometric measurement demonstrated good internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha α was 0.90 and an acceptable level of inter-item redundancy. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value for the test and retest assessment was 0.93 (ICC:2,1; 95% confidence interval = 0.880–0.936; P < 0.000). Principal component analysis demonstrates a four-factor solution with 56.83% total variance.

Conclusions:
It is an acceptable, reliable, and valid self-administered questionnaire that can identify the early symptoms of patellofemoral arthritis. The questionnaire provides an excellent opportunity for self-analysis of the symptoms at the community level.
Loss-to-follow-up Rate among Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Two Tuberculosis Units of Ballabgarh Block of District Faridabad, Haryana
Authors: Khaitan Anwita , Rai Sanjay K. , Krishnan Anand , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Kant Shashi , Khilnani Gopi Chand 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Treatment loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) is a great obstacle to tuberculosis (TB) elimination. Our objective was to estimate its prevalence in district Faridabad, Haryana, and to see its association with selected variables.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a desk review of TB notification registers of two TB units under a district TB center, Faridabad. All patients registered between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2017, were analyzed. Following univariate analysis, factors with P < 0.2 were included in the multivariable logistic regression model.

Results:
Of 999 eligible patients, 742 (74.2%) had treatment outcomes available. LTFU was estimated to be 3.5%, with cumulative incidence calculated to be 6.63 LTFUs per 100 person-years. LTFU increased with increasing age. LTFU was 5.2% (9.8 LTFUs per 100 person-years) and 0.3% (0.6 LTFUs per 100 person-years) among pulmonary TB (PTB) and extra-PTB (EPTB) patients, respectively. LTFU was higher in patients with previous relapse (9% or 14.2 LTFU per 100 person-years) and previous LTFU (16% or 32 LTFUs per 100 person-years) as compared to only 2.4% (4.7 per 100 person-years) among new patients. PTB patients and patients on treatment after prior LTFU had 12 times and 5 times higher odds of LTFU than EPTB patients and new patients, respectively.

Conclusion:
The observed LTFU burden is lower than the <5% target set by the National TB Elimination Program. Lack of information on outcomes under the program should be cause for concern. Special attention should be paid under the program on high-risk groups identified to ensure treatment adherence.
Study of Serum Zinc Level in Liver Cirrhosis and its Correlation with Stages of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Hiwarkar Suraj Ramesh , Holay Madhuri Prashant , Bhiwagade Rahul , Patil Prashant 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Zinc increases the natural defense of reactive oxygen radicals; Zinc also acts as an antioxidant, an anti-apoptotic agent, a cofactor for DNA synthesis, and an anti-inflammatory agent. Hence, deficient zinc levels seem to have an effect in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

Aims:
This prospective observational study was done to assess serum zinc levels in cases of liver cirrhosis with decompensated liver disease (DCLD) and to see the correlation of serum zinc levels with stages of HE and patients' outcome.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care institution in Central India. Total 66 cases of liver cirrhosis with DCLD were studied. Fifty healthy controls were enrolled. All cases were evaluated for serum zinc levels, and all were divided further according to the class of liver cirrhosis and stages of HE. The association between serum zinc level and stages of HE and outcome was studied. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22.

Results:
The mean age of the cases at presentation was 45.67 ± 8.73 years. The M: F ratio was 10:1. The mean serum zinc level in controls was 104.16 ± 22.60 μg/dl, while in cases, it was 47.68 ± 16.72 μg/dl. It was significantly low in cases as compared to the controls, P < 0.0001. An inverse correlation was observed between serum zinc and West Haven classification grading of HE. There was found a direct correlation between serum zinc level and serum albumin. The lesser the serum albumin, the lesser the serum zinc level. P <0.0001 was highly significant. The mean serum zinc level was 57.67 μg/dl in survivors 40 cases (60.61%) as compared to 32.30 μg/dl in nonsurvivors 26 (39.30%). Low serum zinc level was associated with high mortality. P <0.0001 was statistically highly significant.

Conclusion:
Low serum zinc is associated with cirrhosis of the liver, DCLD, and high incidence of HE. Hence, all patients of cirrhosis liver with hypoalbuminemia and HE should be evaluated for low serum zinc. Low serum zinc in HE was associated with high mortality. The present study could not establish a causal relationship between low serum zinc and liver cirrhosis with DCLD having HE. Whether correction of zinc in these cases can prevent worsening, HE needs further evaluation.
An in vitro study to evaluate the fracture resistance of different types of posts
Authors: Gupta Anuj , Gupta Anshu , Agarwal Preeti , Vasant Jill , Ahuja Ruhi , Mangla Neha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with carbon fiber and glass fiber posts under static loading and evaluate their modes of failure.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were collected and root canal treatment was performed in all. Forty out of 60 teeth were sectioned 4 mm away from the cemento–enamel junction coronally and posts were placed in them. Rest 20 teeth were left intact to be used as controls. The groups were divided as follows: I—control group, II—carbon fiber group, and III— glass fiber group,
All specimens were then mounted on an acrylic test block and subjected to static loading until fracture and the mode of fracture were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to calculate the mean values of all groups. An intergroup comparison was carried out using Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:
The study showed that group I showed the highest fracture resistance followed by group III, which was the glass fiber post group under static loading. There was a significant difference among the test groups. The main cause of fracture was debonding of the core in all the fiber posts.

Conclusion:
Teeth of the control group showed the highest fracture resistance and teeth restored with glass fiber posts showed higher fracture resistance than those restored with carbon fiber posts under static loading (P < 0.05). The principal mode of fracture was debonding of the core and remaining root. Teeth restored without application of a post showed the highest fracture resistance than all other groups.
The new routine in orthodontic practice post-COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire study
Authors: Patel Arva , Desai Bhagyashree , Shah Rutvi , Shah Aakash , Patel Vishal , Pandya Pratik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The existing screening process of patients and sterilization protocols followed in routine Orthodontic practice have proven to be incapable of limiting the exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Newer and more sophisticated protocols are established and being followed to provide maximum safety to everyone involved in orthodontic procedure. This survey was done to assess knowledge and overall preparedness of orthodontists towards the changes made in the daily Orthodontic practice due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
An online questionnaire in English language consisting of 17 close ended questions was circulated amongst the Orthodontists across different regions of India. It contained questions regarding various aspects such as personal safety, psychological and financial burden, and patients’ responses to delay in treatment. Out of 90 questionnaires that were circulated, 70 responses were received that matched the inclusion criteria. Forms were filled directly onto the Google-form platform online.

Results:
Number and percentage were used to compute results on categorical measurements. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) (Version 22.0) software was then used to perform statistical analyses. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference in the distribution of responses for the questionnaire. The level of significance (p-value) was set at p < 0.0001.

Conclusion:
All the respondents emphasized the need for diligent sterilization protocols; spirit, natural ventilation, gloves, mask and face shield along with patient screening was given utmost importance. Orthodontic emergencies were present and virtual orthodontic consultation emerged as a useful tool. Patients’ response to impact of lockdown in on-going treatment was largely negative to neutral. All the responses were statistically significant except personal hygiene and disinfection protocols.
Medication safety climate from the perspectives of healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Farzi Sedigheh , Farzi Kolsoum , Shahzeydi Amir , Saraeian Samaneh , Moladoost Azam , Pebdeni Atefeh Saljooghi 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Medication safety as an indicator of care quality is the measures taken by healthcare team members to prevent or adjust adverse drug events at the time of medication administration. This study was conducted to investigate the medication safety climate from healthcare providers' perspectives.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a selected educational hospital affiliated with the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. Participants were healthcare providers who are involved in the medication process. The sampling was done using the quota method. The study instruments were a demographic questionnaire and the Medication Safety Climate (MSC).

RESULTS:
The total mean of positive responses to MSC items was 64.11%, denoting a moderate-level MSC. Collected data were managed using the SPSS software (v. 16.0) and were summarized using the measures of descriptive statistics, namely mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. The lowest and the highest dimensional mean scores were related to the management support for medication safety dimension (mean: 48.42%) and the Teamwork dimension (mean: 80.43%), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Managers' inattention and insufficient understanding of safety provide the basis for medication errors and threaten patient safety. Healthcare team members are highly motivated to provide quality and safe care by observing the managers' positive performance regarding patient safety. To improve the medication safety climate, healthcare team members are required to work in a safe workplace and have sufficient job satisfaction. Health center managers need to employ a proactive approach to prevent errors.
Prevalence of activity limitation and its associated predictor among the elderly in Tamil Nadu, India: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Peter Roshni M. , Palanisamy Kaveri , Kumar Dhasarathi , Joseph Alex 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:Functional disability develops in a dynamic and progressive manner. As people age, their health problems worsen and they lose the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, using the toilet, bathing, and eating. With a better understanding of the underlying risk factors and the related mechanisms of the disablement process, it is possible to make more effective and more efficient programs to prevent or delay the onset of disability in older people.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 453 elderly from Tamil Nadu, India. A door-to-door interview was used to administer the Katz Index of Independence on ADL. Simple random selection was employed to select the study individuals. To determine the association for particular risk factors, Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used.RESULTS:First, our study findings show the prevalence of activity limitation among the elderly using the The Katz Index of Independence. This study shows that the prevalence of activity limitation was 23% among the elderly. Seventy-seven percent had no significant limitations: they are independent. There is a statistically significant association between activity limitation as opposed to gender, visual impairment, depression, urinary incontinence, unintentional injury in the past year, and alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION:The study found that the self-reported prevalence of activity limitation was 23% among the elderly and 77% had no significant limitations. The Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living may be used as a handy tool to identify the activity limitation in community-based checkups.
Evaluation of quality assurance for school health services in primary health care centers at Al-Numaniyah District. Iraq
Authors: Washi Ghassan A. , Saadoon Naji Y. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
School Health Services (SHS) is commonly considered to be one of the more crucial parts of the health program in schools, and they are responsible for the students' overall health. Active school health services aid in the early detection and prevention of illnesses among students. SHS are those that are worried with the health and educational attainment of students at an appropriate age by providing direct services of health care to students in coordination with the administration and staff of the school.

AIMS:
To evaluate the quality assurance for school health services in all essential components as structure, process, and outcome and identify the correlation between them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive study consists of (171) respondent selected by convenient sample distributed on (6) main primary health care centers, (32) health and nursing staff, and (133) consumers (school principals) at Al-Numaniya district from July 5, 2022 to January 25, 2023. Questionnaire comprised of three forms distributed on structure, process, and outcome data, which were collected by interview and researcher observation with directors of main primary health care centers, health and nursing staff, and school principals and through the use of a descriptive statistical (frequencies, percentages, statistical mean) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient) and the data were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Showed overall evaluation of the quality assurance related to structure standards of primary health care centers PHCs was fair (66.7%). Regarding process standards showed that 50.0% of the nurses' staff expressed a fair activity and duties. On the other hand, regarding outcome showed that 64.7% of the school principals expressed somehow satisfied toward elementary school health care services.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall evaluation of quality assurance regarding school health services in PHCs was fair as described by moderate average in all essential components as structure, process, and outcome. It also showed a significant positive correlation between outcomes of quality assurance for school health services and regard structure of PHCs.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Ministry of Education and Health can benefit from the study to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the structure of PHCs. Equipping health centers with essential supplies such as computers, vaccines, eye glasses, and laboratory materials PHCs to provide integrated services for students.
Quality of life in patients with alcohol use disorders admitted to de-addiction centers using WHOQOL-BREF scale—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Colaco Ashwini S. , Mayya Arun , Noronha Caitlyn , Mayya Shreemathi S. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) adversely affect a person's general health and the lives of their family and friends. These disorders are also the most undertreated mental illness with severe implications for public health. Hence, the present study aimed to employ the WHOQOL-BREF to assess the quality of life (QoL) of AUDs patients seeking treatment at de-addiction centers and identify the demographic variables associated with the QoL dimension scores.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among alcohol dependents taking treatment in de-addiction centers in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was administered to 124 subjects. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to identify the demographic variables associated with the QoL dimension scores.

RESULTS:
The domain mean scores were between 50 and 60 on the 0 to 100 scale. Age, social class, residential area, marital status, and years of drinking were the demographic variables found to be significantly associated with the dimension scores.

CONCLUSIONS:
Physicians should monitor the effect of alcoholism on QoL, and a multidisciplinary treatment plan with elements from the medical, social, and psychiatric fields should be used. The demographic variables should be considered while managing patients with AUDs.
It's time to increase physical activity promotion among pregnant women in France
Authors: Ruart Shelly , Sinnapah Stéphane , Hue Olivier , Antoine-Jonville Sophie 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
The lockdown linked to COVID-19 was shown to have negative effects on healthy behaviors in the general population, prompting the implementation of adapted public health measures. However, more vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, were not specifically taken into account. At the time of writing this study, we know little about how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the physical activity (PA) behavior of pregnant women in France. Given the many reports in the literature about women's low level of PA throughout pregnancy and the negative effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on behaviors in the general population; however, we might assume that their sedentary behaviors increased. The current study aimed to analyze the French recommendations and PA promotion among pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A literature search was done using PubMed for the key terms “physical activity/physical activity promotion,” “pregnant women/pregnancy,”, and “French population/France.” All the relevant studies were included to support the argument for this narrative review.

RESULTS:
Efforts to promote PA for pregnant women often seem ineffective and even unrealistic, and many women become overweight or obese during pregnancy. Health professionals need evidence-based guidelines and continuous training and skills development in order to convincingly encourage women to be more active during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

CONCLUSION:
Health policies should strengthen PA promotion among pregnant women with detailed evidence-based guidelines on PA during postpartum.
An explanation on the process of production to the utilization of patient education media in chronic diseases in Iran: Protocol for a grounded theory study
Authors: Amini Faezeh , Khorasani Parvaneh , Ashrafi-rizi Hasan 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Chronic diseases are always considered one of the most critical challenges of the health system in any country. Patient education on self-care is one of the basic strategies in controlling the disease process and minimizing complications in patients with chronic diseases. It seems that in the process of patient education, from the preparation of materials to their delivery to the final user, many problems prevent the proper and practical education. The study aims to explain the process of production to the utilization of patient education media in chronic diseases in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study employs a grounded theory (GT) methodology and the data will be analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method. Participants in this study include groups involved in the field of patient education, including policymakers, managers at all management levels, clinical, educational, and public health service providers (physicians, nurses, medical librarians, medical, and nursing professors, NGOs in the field of patient education, physiotherapists, nutritionists, and psychologists) as well as service receivers such as patients, their family, and caregivers whom will be all selected through theoretical as well as snowball sampling method. The interview method will be semi-structured and will not be ceased until the data is saturated.

CONCLUSIONS:
It is anticipated that in this study, the pros and cons of the process of production to utilization of patient education media will be identified and appropriate solutions to improve this process will be provided.