bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer and Genetic BRCA1/2 Testing in Routine Clinical Practice: Why, When and For Whom?
Authors: Lux Michael P. , Fasching Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPathogenic variants of the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for the majority of hereditary breast cancers; they are also becoming increasingly important to identify whether patients are suitable for targeted therapy with poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).Patients with HER2-negative breast cancer and BRCA1/2 germline mutations can benefit significantly from PARPi therapy, and the findings of the OlympiAD and the EMBRACA phase III clinical trials for regulatory approval were recently expanded by the addition of the most recent OlympiA data on the treatment of patients with early disease and a high risk of recurrence.This means that BRCA1/2 germline testing to plan patient therapy is now also relevant for patients with early breast cancer and therefore has a direct impact on survival. Healthcare research data shows, however, that BRCA1/2 testing rates are strongly affected by familial history, cancer subtype (particularly triple-negative subtypes), and patient age at onset of disease (especially with regards to younger patients with breast cancer), despite the existing clear recommendations for BRCA1/2 germline testing to identify whether PARPi therapy is indicated.This article presents the clinical implications of identifying BRCA1/2 germline mutations in patients with breast cancer, the current recommendations on molecular diagnostics, and their implementation in practice. The treatment of patients with breast cancer has progressed greatly in recent years and now offers individual treatment concepts which can only be implemented after the targeted identification of individual parameters.As detection of a BRCA1/2 germline mutation is essential for planning individual therapy, where indicated, testing should be arranged as early as possible. It is the only way of identifying patients suitable for PARPi therapy and ensuring they receive the best possible treatment. This also applies to patients with a negative familial history, HR-positive disease, or who are older at onset of disease.
Editorial
Authors: Zielen Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Liebe Freundinnen und Freunde, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,Nach der gelungenen Jahrestagung 2022 in Bern lade ich Sie herzlich zur 44.
Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie (GPP) am
16.–18. März 2023 in Frankfurt ein.
Editorial
Authors: Stock Philippe 
Published: March 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Liebe Freundinnen und
Freunde der GPP,nach einem ungewöhnlich kurzen Abstand zur vergangenen Jahrestagung, welcher
durch eine Pandemie-bedingte Verschiebung der Jahrestagung 2022 in Bern begründet
ist, erhalten Sie hiermit das GPP-Heft für die 44. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft
für Pädiatrische Pneumologie in Frankfurt.
Update Breast Cancer 2022 Part 5 – Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Thomssen Christoph , Witzel Isabell , Beierlein Milena , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Wöckel Achim , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe treatment of patients with early stage breast cancer has changed in recent years due to the introduction of pembrolizumab, olaparib, and abemaciclib. These and other drugs with the same class of active ingredient are currently in trial for various indications. This review article summarizes the latest results that have either been presented at major conferences such as the ESMO 2022 or published recently in international journals. This includes reports on newly discovered breast cancer genes, atezolizumab in neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive patients, long-term data from the APHINITY study, and on how preoperative peritumoral application of local anesthetics can influence the prognosis. We also present solid data on dynamic Ki-67 from the ADAPT studies.
Dual-channel compressed ultrafast photography for Z-pinch dynamic imaging
Authors: Yao Z. M. , Sheng L. , Song Y. , Hei D. W. , Li Y. , Zhu Z. J. , Zhou H. Y. , Yan W. P. , Han C. C. , Duan B. J. , Yang K. X. , Peng B. D. , Zhang S. A. , Qi D. L. , Jin C. Z. , Yao Y. H. , Huang Z. Q. 
Published: March 2023

The compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) can capture non-repetitive time-evolving events at 7 × 1013 fps, which is anticipated to find a diverse range of applications in physics, biomedical imaging, and materials science. The feasibility of diagnosing ultrafast phenomenon of Z-pinch by using the CUP has been analyzed in this article. Specifically, a dual-channel CUP design has been adopted for acquiring high quality reconstructed images and the strategies of identical masks, uncorrelated masks, and complementary masks have been compared. Furthermore, the image of the first channel was rotated by 90° to balance the spatial resolution between the sweep direction and the non-sweep direction. Both five synthetic videos and two simulated Z-pinch videos were chosen as the ground truth to validate this approach. The average peak signal to noise ratio of the reconstruction results is 50.55 dB for the self-emission visible light video and 32.53 dB for the laser shadowgraph video with unrelated masks (rotated channel 1). The simulation results show that the time–space-evolving process of plasma distribution can be well retold, and the phenomenon of plasma instability can be accurately diagnosed by the dual-channel CUP with unrelated masks (rotated channel 1). This study may promote the practical applications of the CUP in the field of accelerator physics.
A novel thin single-phase drive linear ultrasonic motor
Authors: Ge Yangyang , Ma Xipei , Fan Pingqing , Hu Xingyu , Yuan Tao , Wang Yansong 
Published: March 2023

A novel thin single-phase drive linear ultrasonic motor is proposed and tested in this paper. The proposed motor exhibits bidirectional driving via switching between the right-driving vibration mode (RD mode) and the left-driving vibration mode (LD mode). The structure and working principle of the motor are analyzed. Next, the finite element model of the motor is established and the dynamic performance is analyzed. A prototype motor is then fabricated, and its vibration characteristics are established via impedance testing. Finally, an experimental platform is built and the mechanical characteristics of the motor are experimentally investigated. The maximum no-load speed of the motor is ∼159.7 mm/s. With 8 N preload and 200 V voltage, the maximum thrust force of the motor in the RD and LD modes are ∼2.5 and 2.1 N, respectively. The motor possesses the advantages of being light in weight and thin structure and exhibiting an excellent performance. This work presents a new concept for the construction of ultrasonic actuators with bidirectional driving capacity.
Aneuploidy and gene dosage regulate filamentation and host colonization by
Candida albicans
Authors: Kakade Pallavi , Sircaik Shabnam , Maufrais Corinne , Ene Iuliana V. , Bennett Richard J. 
Published: March 2023

Aneuploidy is a frequent occurrence in fungal species where it can alter gene expression and promote adaptation to a variety of environmental cues. Multiple forms of aneuploidy have been observed in the opportunistic fungal pathogen
Candida albicans,
which is a common component of the human gut mycobiome but can escape this niche and cause life-threatening systemic disease. Using a barcode sequencing (Bar-seq) approach, we evaluated a set of diploid
C. albicans
strains and found that a strain carrying a third copy of chromosome (Chr) 7 was associated with increased fitness during both gastrointestinal (GI) colonization and systemic infection. Our analysis revealed that the presence of a Chr 7 trisomy resulted in decreased filamentation, both in vitro and during GI colonization, relative to isogenic euploid controls. A target gene approach demonstrated that
NRG1
, encoding a negative regulator of filamentation located on Chr 7, contributes to increased fitness of the aneuploid strain due to inhibition of filamentation in a gene dosage–dependent fashion. Together, these experiments establish how aneuploidy enables the reversible adaptation of
C. albicans
to its host via gene dosage–dependent regulation of morphology.
Structure of the Wnt–Frizzled–LRP6 initiation complex reveals the basis for coreceptor discrimination
Authors: Tsutsumi Naotaka , Hwang Sunhee , Waghray Deepa , Hansen Simon , Jude Kevin M. , Wang Nan , Miao Yi , Glassman Caleb R. , Caveney Nathanael A. , Janda Claudia Y. , Hannoush Rami N. , Garcia K. Christopher 
Published: March 2023

Wnt morphogens are critical for embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Canonical Wnts form ternary receptor complexes composed of tissue-specific Frizzled (Fzd) receptors together with the shared LRP5/6 coreceptors to initiate β-catenin signaling. The cryo-EM structure of a ternary initiation complex of an affinity-matured XWnt8–Frizzled8–LRP6 complex elucidates the basis of coreceptor discrimination by canonical Wnts by means of their N termini and linker domains that engage the LRP6 E1E2 domain funnels. Chimeric Wnts bearing modular linker “grafts” were able to transfer LRP6 domain specificity between different Wnts and enable non-canonical Wnt5a to signal through the canonical pathway. Synthetic peptides comprising the linker domain serve as Wnt-specific antagonists. The structure of the ternary complex provides a topological blueprint for the orientation and proximity of Frizzled and LRP6 within the Wnt cell surface signalosome.
Exploring sign-writing contact and multilingualism in the Norwegian Deaf community
Authors: Ferrara Lindsay , Anible Benjamin , Anda Lena Mei Kalvenes 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we detail the on-going work related to the Norwegian Sign Language Corpus and lexical database (Norwegian Signbank). In particular, we highlight the corpus’ interactional focus and discuss its implications for a description of Norwegian Sign Language grammar and lexicon. We then present an initial study that maps out the different types of fingerspelling (one type of sign-writing contact), observed in the corpus, focusing on non-lexicalized forms. Two analyses were performed to investigate whether fingerspelling is affected by sociolinguistic factors and principles of Audience Design (Bell 1984). Basing this descriptive work on data from the corpus facilitates a better understanding of how these language contact forms contribute to expressions of social identity and illustrates one way that Norwegian signers leverage their multilingualism for meaning-making in conversation.
Overview of and epistemological conditions for building and using LSF corpora
Authors: Sallandre Marie-Anne , Garcia Brigitte 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses French Sign Language (LSF) corpora and how they have evolved over the last thirty years in France. We first outline the epistemological and social conditions in which corpora were constructed by the pioneers of the field to explain how, in our opinion, their corpus-driven approach was decisive and very specific to France. Second, we focus on the theoretical framework we use, namely the Semiological Approach, and on the corpus-driven linguistics underlying this approach. On these bases, we present various LSF corpora that exist today, with particular focus on the two main corpora designed by our team, namely LS-Colin and Creagest, with special attention to data collected from deaf children. We then highlight how our own relationship with corpus data remains fundamental and heuristic.
Heterostructure axial GaAsSb ensemble near-infrared p–i–n based axial configured nanowire photodetectors
Authors: Devkota Shisir , Kuchoor Hirandeep , Dawkins Kendall , Pokharel Rabin , Parakh Mehul , Li Jia , Iyer Shanthi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present a systematic design of growth experiments and subsequent characterization of self-catalyzed molecular beam epitaxially grown GaAsSb heterostructure axial p–i–n nanowires (NWs) on p-Si <111> for the ensemble photodetector (PD) application in the near-infrared region. Diverse growth methods have been explored to gain a better insight into mitigating several growth challenges by systematically studying their impact on the NW electrical and optical properties to realize a high-quality p–i–n heterostructure. The successful growth approaches are Te-dopant compensation to suppress the p-type nature of intrinsic GaAsSb segment, growth interruption for strain relaxation at the interface, decreased substrate temperature to enhance supersaturation and minimize the reservoir effect, higher bandgap compositions of the n-segment of the heterostructure relative to the intrinsic region for boosting the absorption, and the high-temperature ultra-high vacuum in situ annealing to reduce the parasitic radial overgrowth. The efficacy of these methods is supported by enhanced photoluminescence (PL) emission, suppressed dark current in the heterostructure p–i–n NWs accompanied by increased rectification ratio, photosensitivity, and a reduced low-frequency noise level. The PD fabricated utilizing the optimized GaAsSb axial p–i–n NWs exhibited the longer wavelength cutoff at ∼1.1 μm with a significantly higher responsivity of ∼120 A W−1 (@−3 V bias) and a detectivity of 1.1 × 1013 Jones operating at room temperature. Frequency and the bias independent capacitance in the pico-Farad (pF) range and substantially lower noise level at the reverse biased condition, show the prospects of p–i–n GaAsSb NWs PD for high-speed optoelectronic applications.
Effect of intercalated molybdenum atoms on structure and electrochemical properties of Mo1+x
S2 synthesized by hydrothermal method
Authors: Jia Zhenggang , Bai Congyan , Zhang Xuexi , Qian Mingfang , Tsai Hsu-Sheng , Xiong Yueping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As an alternative anode to graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted much attention due to its layered structure and high specific capacity. Moreover, MoS2 can be synthesized by hydrothermal method with low cost and the size of its layer spacing can be controlled. In this work, the results of experiment and calculation proved that the presence of intercalated Mo atoms, leading to the expansion of MoS2 layer spacing and weakening of Mo–S bonding. For the electrochemical properties, the presence of intercalated Mo atoms causes the lower reduction potentials for the Li+ intercalation and Li2S formation. In addition, the effective reduction of diffusion resistance and charge transfer resistance in Mo1+x
S2 leads to the acquisition of high specific capacity for battery applications.
Spatiotemporally dynamic electric fields for brain cancer treatment: an in vitro investigation
Authors: Iredale Erin , Elsaleh Abdulla , Xu Hu , Christiaans Paul , Deweyert Andrew , Ronald John , Schmid Susanne , Hebb Matthew O , Peters Terry M , Wong Eugene 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) using low intensity electric fields (∼1 V cm−1) is being investigated using multiple implanted bioelectrodes, which was termed intratumoral modulation therapy (IMT). Previous IMT studies theoretically optimized treatment parameters to maximize coverage with rotating fields, which required experimental investigation. In this study, we employed computer simulations to generate spatiotemporally dynamic electric fields, designed and purpose-built an IMT device for in vitro experiments, and evaluated the human GBM cellular responses to these fields. Approach. After measuring the electrical conductivity of the in vitro culturing medium, we designed experiments to evaluate the efficacy of various spatiotemporally dynamic fields: (a) different rotating field magnitudes, (b) rotating versus non-rotating fields, (c) 200 kHz versus 10 kHz stimulation, and (d) constructive versus destructive interference. A custom printed circuit board (PCB) was fabricated to enable four-electrode IMT in a 24-well plate. Patient derived GBM cells were treated and analyzed for viability using bioluminescence imaging. Main results. The optimal PCB design had electrodes placed 6.3 mm from the center. Spatiotemporally dynamic IMT fields at magnitudes of 1, 1.5, and 2 V cm−1 reduced GBM cell viability to 58%, 37% and 2% of sham controls respectively. Rotating versus non-rotating, and 200 kHz versus 10 kHz fields showed no statistical difference. The rotating configuration yielded a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in cell viability (47 ± 4%) compared to the voltage matched (99 ± 2%) and power matched (66 ± 3%) destructive interference cases. Significance. We found the most important factors in GBM cell susceptibility to IMT are electric field strength and homogeneity. Spatiotemporally dynamic electric fields have been evaluated in this study, where improvements to electric field coverage with lower power consumption and minimal field cancellations has been demonstrated. The impact of this optimized paradigm on cell susceptibility justifies its future use in preclinical and clinical trial investigations.
Accurate segmentation of head and neck radiotherapy CT scans with 3D CNNs: consistency is key
Authors: Henderson Edward G A , Vasquez Osorio Eliana M , van Herk Marcel , Brouwer Charlotte L , Steenbakkers Roel J H M , Green Andrew F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Automatic segmentation of organs-at-risk in radiotherapy planning computed tomography (CT) scans using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is an active research area. Very large datasets are usually required to train such CNN models. In radiotherapy, large, high-quality datasets are scarce and combining data from several sources can reduce the consistency of training segmentations. It is therefore important to understand the impact of training data quality on the performance of auto-segmentation models for radiotherapy. Approach. In this study, we took an existing 3D CNN architecture for head and neck CT auto-segmentation and compare the performance of models trained with a small, well-curated dataset (n = 34) and then a far larger dataset (n = 185) containing less consistent training segmentations. We performed 5-fold cross-validations in each dataset and tested segmentation performance using the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance and mean distance-to-agreement metrics. Finally, we validated the generalisability of our models with an external cohort of patient data (n = 12) with five expert annotators. Main results. The models trained with a large dataset were greatly outperformed by models (of identical architecture) trained with a smaller, but higher consistency set of training samples. Our models trained with a small dataset produce segmentations of similar accuracy as expert human observers and generalised well to new data, performing within inter-observer variation. Significance. We empirically demonstrate the importance of highly consistent training samples when training a 3D auto-segmentation model for use in radiotherapy. Crucially, it is the consistency of the training segmentations which had a greater impact on model performance rather than the size of the dataset used.
A simulation optimization design of the filter stack spectrometer for laser-plasma interaction experiment
Authors: Song Honghu , Wu Zhen , Zhang Hui , Li Junli , Qiu Rui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Filter stack spectrometers are widely employed in laser
facilities for the spectrum measurement of bremsstrahlung
photons. However, this method suffers from large uncertainty of
unfolding due to its intrinsic limit resolution. For this, an
optimization study on filter stack spectrometer is conducted. This
procedure is implemented by a hybrid particle swarm optimization and
genetic algorithm (PSO-GA). Monte-Carlo particle transport code
Fluka is used for the simulation of the response matrix. Gravel
algorithm, based on the least-square method, is used for the
unfolding. For mono-energetic photons, this optimized filter stack
spectrometer design provides a better energy resolution. For
continuous distribution, this optimized filter stack spectrometer
design yields a narrower unfolding solution space in the presence of
measurement error.
Microcurrent behavior of core-shell droplet deposition in coaxial electrohydrodynamic printing
Authors: Huatan Chen , Junyu Chen , Yiman Chen , Jiaxin Jiang , Guoyi Kang , Zungui Shao , Xiang Wang , Wenwang Li , Yifang Liu , Gaofeng Zheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The core–shell droplets have the characteristics of stable micro-environment, small volume, large specific surface, which means wider application prospects in micro reactors, functional material synthesis and other fields. However, how to realize the controllable preparation of high flux, high resolution and small size for core–shell droplets is still the key point to be broken through. In this paper, the coaxial electrohydrodynamic printing (EHD) technology is used to combine the real-time microcurrent signal with the behavior characteristics of core–shell droplets, both achieve the interface behavior characteristics of the nozzle droplets to be analyzed and clarify the microcurrent behavior when the core–shell droplets are generated. At the same time, the influence of the inner and outer solution supply rate on the core–shell droplet was investigated. When the supply rate of inner solution changes from 10 μl/h increases to 90 μl/h, the average current increased from 0.0153 μA to 0.0652 μA, but also the droplet generation frequency raised by 14 times, moreover, the average diameter of droplets could be reduced by half. In contrast, the change of outer shell supply rate has less influence on the average current, generation frequency and diameter of droplets. This research provides a possibility for controllable high resolution of core–shell droplet EHD printing, which can be helpful significantly to improve the functional characteristics of the macroscopic and microstructure of the core–shell droplet.
Efficient discovery of multiple minimum action pathways using Gaussian process
Authors: Shim JaeHwan , Lee Juyong , Yu Jaejun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a new efficient transition pathway search method based on the least action principle and the Gaussian process regression method. Most pathway search methods developed so far rely on string representations, which approximate a transition pathway by a series of slowly varying system replicas. Such string methods are computationally expensive in general because they require many replicas to obtain smooth pathways. Here, we present an approach employing the Gaussian process regression method, which infers the shape of a potential energy surface with a few observed data and Gaussian-shaped kernel functions. We demonstrate a drastic elevation of computing efficiency of the method about five orders of magnitude than existing methods. Further, to demonstrate its real-world capabilities, we apply our method to find multiple conformational transition pathways of alanine dipeptide using a quantum mechanical potential. Owing to the improved efficiency of our method, Gaussian process action optimization (GPAO), we obtain the multiple transition pathways of alanine dipeptide and calculate their transition probabilities successfully with density-functional theory (DFT) accuracy. In addition, GPAO successfully finds the isomerization pathways of small molecules and the rearrangement of atoms on a metallic surface.