bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer outcomes following whole‐gland and focal high‐intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Parry Matthew G. , Sujenthiran Arunan , Nossiter Julie , Morris Melanie , Berry Brendan , Nathan Arjun , Aggarwal Ajay , Payne Heather , van der Meulen Jan , Clarke Noel W. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo report the 5‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) following high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).Patients and MethodsThis observational cohort study used linked National Cancer Registry data, radiotherapy data, administrative hospital data and mortality records of 1381 men treated with HIFU for clinically localised prostate cancer in England. The primary outcome, FFS, was defined as freedom from local salvage treatment and cancer‐specific mortality. Secondary outcomes were freedom from repeat HIFU, prostate cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression was used to determine whether baseline characteristics, including age, treatment year, T stage and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group were associated with FFS.ResultsThe median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up was 37 (20–62) months. The median (IQR) age was 65 (59–70) years and 81% had an ISUP Grade Group of 1–2. The FFS was 96.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 95.4%–97.4%) at 1 year, 86.0% (95% CI 83.7%–87.9%) at 3 years and 77.5% (95% CI 74.4%–80.3%) at 5 years. The 5‐year FFS for ISUP Grade Groups 1–5 was 82.9%, 76.6%, 72.2%, 52.3% and 30.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Freedom from repeat HIFU was 79.1% (95% CI 75.7%–82.1%), CSS was 98.8% (95% CI 97.7%–99.4%) and OS was 95.9% (95% CI 94.2%–97.1%) at 5 years.ConclusionFour in five men were free from local salvage treatment at 5 years but treatment failure varied significantly according to ISUP Grade Group. Patients should be appropriately informed with respect to salvage radical treatment following HIFU.
Gastrointestinal distress as a potential mediator between stress and periodontal inflammation
Authors: Wright Casey D. , Heaton Brenda , Garcia Raul I. , Leonard Maureen M. , Fasano Alessio , McNeil Daniel W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontal disease is multifactorial in its aetiology, which encompasses biopsychosocial contributors, including psychological stress. Gastrointestinal distress and dysbiosis have been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases yet have rarely been investigated with respect to oral inflammation. Given the implications of gastrointestinal distress on extraintestinal inflammation, this study aimed to evaluate the potential role of such distress as a mediator between psychological stress and periodontal disease.MethodsUtilizing a cross‐sectional, nationwide sample of 828 adults in the USA generated via Amazon Mechanical Turk, we evaluated data collected from a series of validated self‐report psychosocial questionnaires on stress, gut‐specific anxiety around current gastrointestinal distress and periodontal disease, including periodontal disease subscales targeted at physiological and functional factors. Structural equation modelling was used to determine total, direct and indirect effects, while controlling for covariates.ResultsPsychological stress was associated with gastrointestinal distress (ß = .34) and self‐reported periodontal disease (ß = .43). Gastrointestinal distress also was associated with self‐reported periodontal disease (ß = .10). Gastrointestinal distress likewise mediated the relation between psychological stress and periodontal disease (ß = .03, p = .015). Given the multifactorial nature of periodontal disease(s), similar results were demonstrated using the subscales of the periodontal self‐report measure.ConclusionsAssociations exist between psychological stress and overall reports of periodontal disease as well as more specific physiological and functional components. Additionally, this study provided preliminary data supporting the potential mechanistic role that gastrointestinal distress plays in connecting the gut–brain and the gut–gum pathways.
A qualitative study on parental mediation of rural‐to‐urban migrant children's smartphone use in China: Concerns, strategies and challenges
Authors: Huang Dan , Luo Yingting , He Xinru , Hong Lihua , Zhang Birong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study explores parental mediation of smartphone use by rural‐to‐urban migrant children in China. A total of 16 migrant parents participated in semi‐structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis is conducted to analyse the transcribed interviews. Findings indicate that migrant parents are highly concerned about the harmful impact of smartphone use on their children. Three parental mediation strategies mentioned in previous studies are confirmed, that is, restriction mediation, monitoring and active mediation, whereas a new mediation strategy, namely, activity substitution, is identified in this study. This study finds that the parents use a combination of different strategies for parental mediation. Furthermore, four themes identify the challenges in parental mediation: Lack of time, skills and helper for parenting and father's absence, inconsistency between parents' restrictive mediation and own overuse practices, the adverse effect of COVID‐19 and the need for professional help. Finally, implications for social work practice are discussed.
Low rates of prescribing alcohol relapse prevention medicines in Australian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services
Authors: Purcell‐Khodr Gemma , Conigrave James H. , Lee K. S. Kylie , Vnuk Julia , Conigrave Katherine M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol dependence is a chronic condition impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Safe and effective medicines to reduce relapse can be prescribed by general practitioners but are underutilised in the general Australian population. Prescription rates of these medicines to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) Australians in primary care are unknown. We assess these medicines in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services and identify factors associated with prescription.MethodsBaseline data (spanning 12 months) were used from a cluster randomised trial involving 22 Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. We describe the proportion of First Nations patients aged 15+ who were prescribed a relapse prevention medicine: naltrexone, acamprosate or disulfiram. We explore associations between receiving a prescription, a patient AUDIT‐C score and demographics (gender, age, service remoteness) using logistic regression.ResultsDuring the 12‐month period, 52,678 patients attended the 22 services. Prescriptions were issued for 118 (0.2%) patients (acamprosate n = 62; naltrexone n = 58; disulfiram n = 2; combinations n = 4). Of the total patients, 1.6% were ‘likely dependent’ (AUDIT‐C ≥ 9), of whom only 3.4% received prescriptions for these medicines. In contrast, 60.2% of those who received a prescription had no AUDIT‐C score. In multivariate analysis, receiving a script (OR = 3.29, 95% CI 2.25–4.77) was predicted by AUDIT‐C screening, male gender (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.55–3.29), middle age (35–54 years; OR = 14.41, 95% CI 5.99–47.31) and urban service (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.61–5.60).Discussion and ConclusionsWork is needed to increase the prescription of relapse prevention medicines when dependence is detected. Potential barriers to prescription and appropriate ways to overcome these need to be identified.
Device‐assisted endoscopic full‐thickness resection in colorectum: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Samanta Jayanta , Dhar Jahnvi , Mohan Babu P. , Facciorusso Antonio , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesEndoscopic full‐thickness resection (EFTR) is emerging as an effective modality for mucosal and submucosal lesions in the colorectum. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to analyze the success and safety of device‐assisted EFTR in the colon and rectum.MethodsA literature search was performed in the Embase, PubMed, and Medline databases for studies evaluating device‐assisted EFTR between inception to October 2022. The primary outcome of the study was clinical success (R0 resection) with EFTR. Secondary outcomes included technical success, procedure duration, and adverse events.ResultsIn all, 29 studies with 3467 patients (59% male patients, 3492 lesions) were included in the analysis. The lesions were located in right colon (47.5%), left colon (28.6%), and rectum (24.3%). EFTR was performed for subepithelial lesions in 7.2% patients. The pooled mean size of the lesions was 16.6 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9–18.2, I2 98%). Technical success was achieved in 87.1% (95% CI 85.1–88.9%, I2 39%) procedures. The pooled rate of en bloc resection was 88.1% (95% CI 86–90%, I2 47%) and R0 resection was 81.8% (95% CI 79–84.3%, I2 56%). In subepithelial lesions, the pooled rate of R0 resection was 94.3% (95% CI 89.7–96.9%, I2 0%). The pooled rate of adverse events was 11.9% (95% CI 10.2–13.9%, I2 43%) and major adverse events requiring surgery was 2.5% (95% CI 2.0–3.1%, I2 0%).ConclusionDevice‐assisted EFTR is a safe and effective treatment modality in cases with adenomatous and subepithelial colorectal lesions. Comparative studies are required with conventional resection techniques, including endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection.
A personal life experience as a parent of children with TBC1D24‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Chen Ya‐Ting 
Published: July 2023

This commentary is on the original articles by Palacios‐Ceña et al. and Robertson et al. on pages 195–205 and 206–215 of this issue.Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese translation of this Commentary is available in the online issue.
Mean age and body mass index at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: Pooled analysis of 56 health surveys across income groups and world regions
Authors: Carrillo‐Larco Rodrigo M. , Guzman‐Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Xu Xiaolin , Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundScreening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets people aged 35+ years and those with overweight/obesity. With mounting evidence on young‐onset T2DM and T2DM patients with lean phenotypes, it is worth revising the screening criteria to include younger and leaner adults. We quantified the mean age and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) at T2DM diagnosis in 56 countries.MethodsDescriptive cross‐sectional analysis of WHO STEPS surveys. We analysed adults (25–69 years) with new T2DM diagnosis (not necessarily T2DM onset) as per fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL measured during the survey. For people with new T2DM diagnosis, we summarized the mean age and the proportion of each five‐year age group; also, we summarized the mean BMI and the proportion of mutually exclusive BMI categories.ResultsThere were 8695 new T2DM patients. Overall, the mean age at T2DM diagnosis was 45.1 years in men and 45.0 years in women; and the mean BMI at T2DM diagnosis was 25.2 in men and 26.9 in women. Overall, in men, 10.3% were 25–29 years and 8.5% were 30–34 years old; in women, 8.6% and 12.5% were 25–29 years and 30–34 years old, respectively. 48.5% of men and 37.3% of women were in the normal BMI category.ConclusionsA non‐negligible proportion of new T2DM patients were younger than 35 years. Many new T2DM patients were in the normal weight range. Guidelines for T2DM screening may consider revising the age and BMI criteria to incorporate young and lean adults.
The association between diabetes and safe driving: A systematic search and review of the literature and cross‐reference with the current guidelines
Authors: Maxwell Hillary , Dubois Sacha , Cottrell‐Martin Elyse , Regalado Sophie M. , Stinchcombe Arne , Migay Marcia , Gibbons Carrie , Weaver Bruce , Bédard Michel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsWe conducted this review to characterize the quality of evidence about associations between diabetes and safe driving and to evaluate how these findings are reflected within current guidelines available to support clinicians and their patients with diabetes.MethodsThe first stage entailed a systematic search and review of the literature. Evidence surrounding harms associated with diabetes and driving was identified, screened, extracted and appraised for quality utilizing the Newcastle Ottawa Scales (NOS). Next, relevant guidelines regarding driving and diabetes were sourced and summarized. Finally, the identified guidelines were cross‐referenced with the results of the systematic search and review.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 12,461 unique citations; 52 met the criteria for appraisal. Fourteen studies were rated as ‘high’, two as ‘medium’ and 36 as ‘low’. Studies with ratings of ‘high’ or ‘medium’ were extracted, revealing a body of inconsistent methods and findings. These results, cross‐referenced with the guidelines, suggest a lack of agreement and a limited evidence base to justify recommendations.ConclusionsThe results presented emphasize the need for a better understanding of the impacts of diabetes on safe driving to inform evidence‐based guidelines.
Can civil society organizations and faith‐based organizations in Fiji, Samoa, and Solomon Islands access climate finance?
Authors: Fidali Kristina , Toamua Ofusina , Aquillah Hemah , Lomaloma Sereima , Mauriasi Placida Riah , Nasiu Steve , Vunisea Aliti , Mangubhai Sangeeta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotivationDespite global rhetoric to increase climate finance to civil society organizations and faith‐based organizations (CSOs‐FBOs), little is known about how accessible climate funds are for these organizations in the Pacific Islands.PurposeWe posed three broad questions: (1) what types of climate finance did CSOs and FBOs obtain? (2) what barriers did CSOs and FBOs face to obtain climate finance? and (3) what innovative approaches or solutions did CSOs and FBOs use to obtain climate finance?Methods and approachIn 2022, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were held in Fiji, led by House of Sarah; in Samoa, led by the Samoa Women's Association of Growers; and in Solomon Islands, led by the Coalition of Youths for Environmental Sustainability. Most CSOs and FBOs had fewer than 10 employees, with many relying on volunteers.FindingsCSOs and FBOs generally pursued funding aligned to their values, priorities, and needs. None of the organizations had obtained funds from the large multilaterals, such as Green Climate Funds and Adaptation Fund. Their funds were seen as poorly suited to local organizations. The main barriers to obtaining climate finance were: (1) poor dissemination of information on the availability and suitability of funding sources for CSOs and FBOs; (2) overly complex donor processes and requirements; (3) insufficient capacity to write grant proposals and to manage funds; (4) poor recognition by donors of the role of CSOs and FBOs in development; and (5) difficult relationships with national governments and donors marked by differences in power. To overcome some barriers, some CSOs and FBOs partnered with regional or global organizations with the capacity to absorb the administrative burden of writing proposals and managing grants. In other cases, CSOs and FBOs made use of professionals with experience of donors who volunteered their time to craft or edit proposals.Policy implicationsDonors can create or inhibit equitable access to climate funding. If donors are genuinely committed to helping CSOs‐FBOs obtain climate finance, they should reduce the complexity of grant‐making and tailor it to local contexts and priorities. They should also work through regional or national intermediaries to reach grassroots organizations.
The impact of rising EU Allowance prices on core inflation in the Eurozone
Authors: Nishigaki Hideki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article examines the impact of EU Allowance (EUA) prices on core inflation in the Eurozone between 2005 and 2022. The empirical results suggest that a positive shock to the EUA price led to higher long‐run inflation expectations and core inflation. This implies that the rise in EUA prices can be passed on to consumers and enterprises, leading to an increase in production costs and consumer prices. And, while a positive shock to EUA prices may promote investment in renewable energy in the short term, the impact is not statistically significant and does not last long. The results suggest considerable potential for European policymakers to re‐examine policy mechanisms to accelerate renewable energy investment and maintain price stability in the medium term.
Genotype–phenotype relations for episodic ataxia genes: MDSGene systematic review
Authors: Olszewska Diana Angelika , Shetty Aakash , Rajalingam Rajasumi , Rodriguez‐Antiguedad Jon , Hamed Moath , Huang Jana , Breza Marianthi , Rasheed Ashar , Bahr Natascha , Madoev Harutyan , Westenberger Ana , Trinh Joanne , Lohmann Katja , Klein Christine , Marras Connie , Waln Olga 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost episodic ataxias (EA) are autosomal dominantly inherited and characterized by recurrent attacks of ataxia and other paroxysmal and non‐paroxysmal features. EA is often caused by pathogenic variants in the CACNA1A, KCNA1, PDHA1, and SLC1A3 genes, listed as paroxysmal movement disorders (PxMD) by the MDS Task Force on the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders. Little is known about the genotype–phenotype correlation of the different genetic EA forms.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature to identify individuals affected by an episodic movement disorder harboring pathogenic variants in one of the four genes. We applied the standardized MDSGene literature search and data extraction protocol to summarize the clinical and genetic features. All data are available via the MDSGene protocol and platform on the MDSGene website (https://www.mdsgene.org/).ResultsInformation on 717 patients (CACNA1A: 491, KCNA1: 125, PDHA1: 90, and SLC1A3: 11) carrying 287 different pathogenic variants from 229 papers was identified and summarized. We show the profound phenotypic variability and overlap leading to the absence of frank genotype–phenotype correlation aside from a few key ‘red flags’.ConclusionGiven this overlap, a broad approach to genetic testing using a panel or whole exome or genome approach is most practical in most circumstances.
Quantification of muscle involvement in familial amyloid polyneuropathy using MRI
Authors: Durelle Clémence , Delmont Emilien , Michel Constance , Trabelsi Amira , Hostin Marc‐Adrien , Ogier Augustin , Bendahan David , Attarian Shahram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeTransthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR‐FAP) is a rare genetic disease with autosomal‐dominant inheritance. In this study, we aimed to quantify fatty infiltration (fat fraction [FF]) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in individual muscles of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic TTR‐FAP using magnetic resonance imaging. Secondarily, we aimed to assess correlations with clinical and electrophysiological variables.MethodsA total of 39 patients with a confirmed mutation in the TTR gene (25 symptomatic and 14 asymptomatic) and 14 healthy volunteers were included. A total of 16 muscles were manually delineated in the nondominant lower limb from T1‐weighted anatomical images. The corresponding masks were propagated on the MTR and FF maps. Detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations were conducted in each group.ResultsThe MTR was decreased (42.6 AU; p = 0.001) and FF was elevated (14%; p = 0.003) in the lower limbs of the symptomatic group, with preferential posterior and lateral involvement. In the asymptomatic group, elevated FF was quantified in the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle (11%; p = 0.021). FF was significantly correlated with disease duration (r = 0.49, p = 0.015), neuropathy impairment score for the lower limb (r = 0.42, p = 0.041), Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale score (r = 0.49, p = 0.013), polyneuropathy disability score (r = 0.57, p = 0.03) and the sum of compound muscle action potential (r = 0.52, p = 0.009). MTR was strongly correlated to FF (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001), and a few muscles with an FF within the normal range had a reduced MTR.ConclusionThese observations suggest that FF and MTR could be interesting biomarkers in TTR‐FAP. In asymptomatic patients, FF in the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle could be a good indicator of the transition from an asymptomatic to a symptomatic form of the disease. MTR could be an early biomarker of muscle alterations.
Comparison of different risk scores for Parkinson disease in a population‐based 10‐year study
Authors: Marini Kathrin , Seppi Klaus , Kiechl Stefan , Stockner Heike , Willeit Peter , Willeit Johann , Djamshidian Atbin , Rungger Gregorio , Poewe Werner , Mahlknecht Philipp 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeDifferent algorithms aiming to identify individuals at risk of Parkinson disease (PD) have been proposed. Comparative studies of these scores and their recent updates in the general elder population are needed.MethodsWe have previously applied the “basic” PREDICT‐PD algorithm, designed for remote screening, and the original and updated Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria for prodromal PD to the longitudinal population‐based Bruneck study cohort. We have now additionally employed the “enhanced” PREDICT‐PD algorithm (which includes motor assessment, olfaction, probable rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder status, pesticide exposure, and diabetes as additional factors). Risk scores were calculated based on comprehensive baseline assessments (2005) in 574 subjects aged 55–94 years (290 females), and cases of incident PD were identified at 5‐year (n = 11) and 10‐year follow‐up (n = 9). We analysed the association of the different log‐transformed risk scores with incident PD at follow‐up (calculated per 1‐SD unit change).ResultsThe enhanced PREDICT‐PD algorithm was associated with incident PD over 10‐years of follow‐up, yielding higher odds for incident PD (odds ratio [OR] = 4.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.68–7.93, p < 0.001) compared with the basic PREDICT‐PD score (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.49–3.79, p < 0.001). The updated MDS prodromal criteria yielded a numerically higher OR of 7.13 (95% CI = 3.49–14.54, p < 0.001) in comparison with the original criteria as well as the enhanced PREDICT‐PD algorithm, with overlapping 95% CIs.ConclusionsThe enhanced PREDICT‐PD algorithm was significantly associated with incident PD. The consistent performance of both the enhanced PREDICT‐PD algorithm and the updated MDS prodromal criteria compared to their original versions supports their use in PD risk screening.