bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD70 and PD‐L1 (CD274) co‐expression predicts poor clinical outcomes in patients with pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Inaguma Shingo , Ueki Akane , Lasota Jerzy , Komura Masayuki , Sheema Asraful Nahar , Czapiewski Piotr , Langfort Renata , Rys Janusz , Szpor Joanna , Waloszczyk Piotr , Okoń Krzysztof , Biernat Wojciech , Schrump David S , Hassan Raffit , Miettinen Markku , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiffuse pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a highly aggressive tumour typically associated with short survival. Recently, the effectiveness of first‐line immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with unresectable PM was reported. CD70–CD27 signalling plays a co‐stimulatory role in promoting T cell expansion and differentiation through the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway. Conversely, the PD‐L1 (CD274)–PD‐1 (PDCD1) pathway is crucial for the modulation of immune responses in normal conditions. Nevertheless, pathological activation of both the CD70–CD27 and PD‐L1–PD‐1 pathways by aberrantly expressed CD70 and PD‐L1 participates in the immune evasion of tumour cells. In this study, 171 well‐characterised PMs including epithelioid (n = 144), biphasic (n = 15), and sarcomatoid (n = 12) histotypes were evaluated immunohistochemically for CD70, PD‐L1, and immune cell markers such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, PD‐1, FOXP3, CD68, and CD163. Eight percent (14/171) of mesotheliomas simultaneously expressed CD70 and PD‐L1 on the tumour cell membrane. PMs co‐expressing CD70 and PD‐L1 contained significantly higher numbers of CD8+ (p = 0.0016), FOXP3+ (p = 0.00075), and CD163+ (p = 0.0011) immune cells within their microenvironments. Overall survival was significantly decreased in the cohort of patients with PM co‐expressing CD70 and PD‐L1 (p < 0.0001). In vitro experiments revealed that PD‐L1 and CD70 additively enhanced the motility and invasiveness of PM cells. In contrast, PM cell proliferation was suppressed by PD‐L1. PD‐L1 enhanced mesenchymal phenotypes such as N‐cadherin up‐regulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD70 and PD‐L1 both enhance the malignant phenotypes of PM and diminish anti‐tumour immune responses. Based on our observations, combination therapy targeting these signalling pathways might be useful in patients with PM.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Heavier Pnictogen Complexes
Authors: Pandey Madhusudan K. , Mondal Dipanjan , Kote Basvaraj S. , Balakrishna Maravanji S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent success in the synthesis of π‐conjugated heavier pnictogen (As, Sb, and Bi) compounds and their transition metal complexes has led to the current surge in interest that led to significant development in the field of photophysical and optoelectronic properties of heavier pnictogens and their transition metal complexes. The presence of heavier pnictogens (As, Sb and Bi) in the molecular skeleton promotes inter‐system crossing (ISC) and reverse inter‐system crossing (RISC), because of the heavy atom effect, via altering the intermolecular interactions and orbital energy levels. As a result, π‐conjugated heavier pnictogen compounds such as arsines, dibenzoarsepins, arsinoquinoline, heterofluorene, benzo[b]heterole (heterole=arsole, bismole, and stibole) show unique optoelectronic properties such as narrow bandgap, low‐energy absorption, and long‐wavelength emission than lighter pnictogen‐based compounds. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis and photophysical properties of heavier pnictogen compounds. The synthesis and photophysical properties of heavier pnictogens are discussed and elaborated.
Effective Nitric Oxide Reduction Over Core‐Shell Cu−SSZ‐13@meso‐MOx Catalysts with Significant Catalytic Activity and Hydrothermal Stability
Authors: Li Yunhui , Li Ganggang , Xu Tingting , Zhang Xinyan , Zhang Shaoqing , Hao Zhengping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, Cu−SSZ‐13 zeolites are successfully coated with mesoporous metal oxides (CeO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 and SiO2) and prepared as core‐shell Cu−SSZ‐13@meso‐MOx samples with hierarchical pore structure. Compared with Cu−SSZ‐13, the catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability of the Cu−SSZ‐13@meso‐MOx have been greatly improved. The promoting effect of meso‐MOx shell on the catalytic activity of Cu−SSZ‐13 is mainly attribute to the presence of both microporous and mesoporous structures, the formation of more active isolated Cu2+ ions and more L‐acid sites, and the synergistic effect between Cu−SSZ‐13 and meso‐MOx interaction. Moreover, all the Cu−SSZ‐13@meso‐MOx catalysts maintain their activities to a greater extent after hydrothermal aging. The core‐shell structure may play a protective role and greatly improve the hydrothermal stability of Cu−SSZ‐13. More L‐acidic sites and more isolated Cu2+ ions are preserved under the protection of mesoporous structure.
Oxidations of N‐coordinated Arsinidene and Stibinidene by Substituted Quinones: A Remarkable Follow‐Up Reactivity
Authors: Zechovský Jan , Kertész Erik , Erben Milan , Jambor Roman , Růžička Aleš , Benkö Zoltán , Dostál Libor 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of pnictinidenes [2‐(DippN=CH)‐6‐(DippNHCH2)C6H3]E (where E=As (1) or Sb (2)) toward substituted ortho‐ and para‐quinones is reported. The central pnictogen atom is easily oxidized by ortho‐quinones closing five‐membered EO2C2 ring. The oxidized antimony derivatives are stable species, while in the case of arsenic compounds the hydrogen of the pendant amino NHCH2 group cleaves one newly formed As−O bonds leading to the closure of a new azaarsole ring. Furthermore, a heating of these arsenic heterocycles resulted in a C−H bond activation at the NCH2 group involved in this heterocycle followed by a reductive elimination of corresponding catechols and arsinidene [2,6‐(DippN=CH)C6H3]As. Using of para‐quinones, resulted in the oxidation of the central atom with a concomitant hydrogen migration from NHCH2 group even in the case of the antimony derivatives. The reductive elimination of hydroquinones is in this case feasible for all compounds. Studied compounds were characterized by multi‐nuclear NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The theoretical study focusing the key compounds and reactions is also included.
Cytological features of mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus
Authors: Seo Youjeong , Park Eunhyang , Kim Hyun‐Soo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several studies have documented the histological features of uterine mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma (MLA), its cytological features have been rarely reported.MethodsWe searched for histologically confirmed uterine MLA cases in the pathology archives of three institutions between 2010 and 2021. All available cytology slides were examined to identify the cytological features of uterine MLA.ResultsWe included 16 patients with uterine MLA and reviewed the slides obtained from 21 cytology samples. Samples were obtained from the cervicovagina (9/21, 42.9%), peritoneal washing (8/21, 38.1%), pleural effusion (2/21, 9.5%), and transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph node (2/21, 9.5%). Preparation methods included ThinPrep (11/21, 52.4%), SurePath (8/21, 38.1%), and conventional smear (2/21, 9.5%). Regardless of the sampling site and preparation method, cytology samples displayed tight three‐dimensional cellular clusters showing monotonous, small‐to‐medium‐sized, round, hyperchromatic nuclei, indistinct nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio. Approximately half of the samples (10/21, 47.6%) showed hyaline‐like globules. Mitotic figures (7/21, 33.3%) and apoptotic bodies (13/21, 61.9%) were also observed. No tumor diathesis or nuclear feathering was identified.ConclusionsIrrespective of sampling site and preparation method, the majority of uterine MLA cases showed the following cytological features: tight three‐dimensional cellular clusters showing small‐to‐medium‐sized, round, hyperchromatic nuclei with indistinct nucleoli and high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm ratio. In case a cytology sample suspicious of a glandular lesion displays these cytological features, which are distinct from those of endocervical adenocarcinoma, uterine MLA should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Discrimination of clothing materials from smartphone camera images
Authors: Koike Ryohei , Yamada Keiichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInformation on fabric material is necessary in washing and ironing clothing. However, indication on a care tag may peel off or the tag may come off due to deterioration over time. Discrimination of the material from the fabric itself is not easy for a general person. Estimating the material of an object is one of the challenging tasks in computer vision. This paper deals with the identification of cloth materials using computer vision. We studied a method to discriminate the fabric material from the image of clothing taken by a smartphone camera. First, we investigated the relationship between image resolution and discrimination accuracy using a convolutional neural network (CNN). As a result, we observed that the accuracy changes with resolution and that the resolution at which the accuracy is highest differs depending on the material. Based on these results, we proposed a fabric material discrimination method using multi‐resolution images by combining two CNNs. As a result of the evaluation experiment, the proposed method discriminated six kinds of fabric materials with 87.1% accuracy, and the accuracy was significantly higher than that of the comparison method without using multi‐resolution images.
Microfluidic device for differentiation induction of iPS cells derived embryoid bodies with local chemical stimulation
Authors: Kusunoki Naoto , Konagaya Shuhei , Nishida Mitsunori , Sato Shigehiro , Takao Hidekuni , Shimokawa Fusao , Terao Kyohei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper reports a microfluidic device that allows us to measure the effect of local differentiation stimulation on embryoid bodies for the purpose of elucidating the role of the cell‐cell interaction of iPS cells in differentiation induction. We developed the local stimulation device having two chambers separated by thin polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) membrane with through‐holes of the diameter smaller than single cell. Embryoid bodies of iPS cells are formed on the membrane and seal the holes, separating the aqueous environments of two chambers without leakage. This configuration brings localized exposure to chemicals for differentiation induction at the area defined by the holes. In this paper, we demonstrated the function of local stimulation using fluorescent solution.
How does habitat restoration influence resilience of salmon populations to climate change?
Authors: Beechie Timothy J. , Fogel Caleb , Nicol Colin , Jorgensen Jeff , Timpane‐Padgham Britta , Kiffney Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA pressing question for managing recovery of depressed or declining species is: Can habitat restoration increase resilience to climate change? We addressed this question for salmon populations with varying life histories, where resilience is defined as maintaining or increasing population size despite climate change effects. Previous studies indicate that several interrelated mechanisms may influence salmon resilience to climate change, including improving either habitat capacity or productivity, and ameliorating climate change effects on flood flow, low flow, or stream temperature. Using the Habitat Assessment and Restoration Planning (HARP) model, we first examined the relative importance of each mechanism for increasing salmon population resilience by comparing projected salmon spawner abundance for seven individual restoration action types under current and projected mid‐ and late‐century climates. We found that restoring habitats with the greatest restoration potential most increased resilience for all species, but the most beneficial restoration actions varied among species. Increasing habitat capacity and productivity both contributed to resilience, and ameliorating climate change effects was important in a few subbasins where the restoration opportunity was widespread. Cool‐water climate refuges contributed to resilience of some subpopulations by reducing late‐century declines in spawner abundance even without restoration. We also modeled more complex habitat restoration strategies comprised of several restoration action types at varying restoration intensities and found that the restoration action types and level of restoration effort needed to increase resilience varied among species. Less vulnerable species such as coho salmon responded well to four restoration actions (floodplain reconnection, wood augmentation, increased shade, and increased beaver ponds) applied at low restoration intensity and over a large area. More vulnerable species such as spring Chinook responded to fewer action types (floodplain reconnection, wood augmentation, and increased shade), but at much higher intensity and over a much smaller area. The analysis also identified important locations for each restoration action type for each species, which helps focus habitat restoration effort on areas that are likely to provide the largest increases in resilience.
Changes in wildfire occurrence and risk to homes from 1990 through 2019 in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Hawbaker Todd J. , Henne Paul D. , Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Carlson Amanda R. , Mockrin Miranda H. , Radeloff Volker C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWildfires and housing development have increased since the 1990s, presenting unique challenges for wildfire management. However, it is unclear how the relative influences of housing growth and changing wildfire occurrence have altered risk to homes, or the potential for wildfire to threaten homes. We used a random forests model to predict burn probability in relation to weather variables at 1‐km resolution and monthly intervals from 1990 through 2019 in the Southern Rocky Mountains ecoregion. We quantified risk by combining the predicted burn probabilities with decadal housing density. We then compared the predicted burn probabilities and risk across the study area with observed values and quantified trends. Finally, we evaluated how housing growth and changes in burn probability influenced risk individually and combined. Fires burned 9055 km2 and exposed more than 8500 homes from 1990 to 2019. Observed burned area increased 632% from the 1990s to the 2000s, which combined with housing growth, resulted in a 1342% increase in homes exposed. Increases continued in the 2010s but at lower rates; burned area by 65% and exposure by 32%. The random forests model had excellent fit and high correlation with observations (AUC = 0.88 and r = 0.9). Observed values were within the 95% uncertainty interval for all years except 2016 (burned area) and 2000 (exposure). However, our model overpredicted in years with low observed burned area and underpredicted in years with high observed burned area. Overpredictions in risk resulted in lower rates of change in predicted risk compared with change in observed exposure. Increases in risk between the 1990s and 2000s were primarily due to warmer and drier weather conditions and secondarily because of housing growth. However, increases between the 2000s and 2010s were primarily due to housing growth. Our modeling approach identifies spatial and temporal patterns of wildfire potential and risk, which is critical information to guide decision‐making. Because the drivers behind risk shift over time, strategies to mitigate risk may need to account for multiple drivers simultaneously.
Modeling climate‐driven range shifts in populations of two bird species limited by habitat independent of climate
Authors: Schofield Lynn N. , Siegel Rodney B. , Loffland Helen L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRanges of species around the world are expected to contract in response to climate change. Species distribution models (SDMs) are a powerful tool for predicting changes in habitat availability, but the variables selected to create SDMs influence their performance. In addition to climate, habitat characteristics and species traits can play a role in predicting species distribution. In this paper, we consider how variable selection influences the accuracy of SDMs when applied to isolated subpopulations of two widely distributed bird species: great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) and willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii). In the Sierra Nevada of California, these species are restricted largely to discrete patches of meadow habitat within a forest matrix, providing the potential to identify specific locations to target conservation efforts. We contrast predictions made by SDMs that consider climatic variables alone with those that incorporate both climate and geophysical variables. Adding geophysical variables resulted in differing model predictions. For willow flycatchers, adding geophysical variables improved predictive performance. In the case of great gray owls, models with and without geophysical variables had nearly identical performance under historical conditions but differed starkly in their predictions. The full model (climatic and geophysical variables) predicted habitat availability to decrease moderately, whereas the climate‐only model predicted nearly complete loss of favorable habitat by 2099. The climate‐only model is consistent with expectations based on previous SDMs of birds across North America, but previous studies also assumed homogeneity in species traits and range‐wide habitat requirements. The full model appears more consistent with recent trends in great gray owl numbers in the Sierra Nevada specifically, where the population has remained relatively stable over recent decades. Given contradictions in our model predictions, care should be taken when trying to apply similar SDMs to other systems.
High winds and melting sea ice trigger landward movement in a polar bear population of concern
Authors: Kellner Annie , Atwood Todd C. , Douglas David C. , Breck Stewart W. , Wittemyer George 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSome animal species are responding to climate change by altering the timing of events like mating and migration. Such behavioral plasticity can be adaptive, but it is not always. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation have mostly remained on ice year‐round, but as the climate warms and summer sea ice declines, a growing proportion of the subpopulation is summering ashore. The triggers of this novel behavior are not well understood. Our study uses a parametric time‐to‐event model to test whether biological and/or time‐varying environmental variables thought to influence polar bear movement and habitat selection also drive decisions to swim ashore. We quantified the time polar bears spent occupying offshore sea ice of varying ice concentrations. We evaluated variations in the ordinal date bears moved to land with respect to local environmental conditions such as sea ice concentration and wind across 10 years (2005–2015). Results from our study suggest that storm events (i.e., sustained high wind speeds) may force polar bears from severely degraded ice habitat and catalyze seasonal movements to land. Unlike polar bears long adapted to complete summer ice melt, southern Beaufort Sea bears that summer ashore appear more tolerant of poor‐quality sea ice habitat and are less willing to abandon it. Our findings provide a window into emergent, climatically mediated behavior in an Arctic marine mammal vulnerable to rapid habitat decline.
The timing of heat waves has multiyear effects on milkweed and its insect community
Authors: Cope Olivia L. , Zehr Luke N. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Wetzel William C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense as climate variability increases, and these events inherently vary in their timing. We predicted that the timing of a heat wave would determine its consequences for insect communities owing to temporal variation in the susceptibility of host plants to heat stress. We subjected common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) plants to in‐field experimental heat waves to investigate how the timing of heat waves, both seasonally and relative to a biotic stressor (experimental herbivory), affected their ecological consequences. We found that heat waves had multiyear, timing‐specific effects on plant–insect communities. Early‐season heat waves led to greater and more persistent effects on plants and herbivore communities than late‐season heat waves. Heat waves following experimental herbivory had reduced consequences. Our results show that extreme climate events can have complex, lasting ecological effects beyond the year of the event—and that timing is key to understanding those effects.
Effects of range and niche position on the population dynamics of a tropical plant
Authors: Moutouama Jacob K. , Gaoue Orou G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe center‐periphery hypothesis predicts a decline in population performance toward the periphery of a species' range, reflecting an alteration of environmental conditions at range periphery. However, the rare demographic tests of this hypothesis failed to disentangle the role of geography from that of ecological niche and are biased toward temperate regions. We hypothesized that, because species are expected to experience optimal abiotic conditions at their climatic niche center, (1) central populations will have better demographic growth, survival, and fertility than peripheral populations. As a result, (2) central populations are expected to have higher growth rates than peripheral populations. Peripheral populations are expected to decline, thus limiting species range expansion beyond these boundaries. Because peripheral populations are expected to be in harsh environmental conditions, (3) population growth rate will be more sensitive to perturbation of survival‐growth rather than fertility in peripheral populations. Finally, we hypothesized that (4) soils properties will drive the variations in population growth rates for narrowly distributed species for which small scale ecological factors could outweigh landscape level drivers. To test these hypotheses, we studied the demography of Thunbergia atacorensis (Acanthaceae), a range‐limited herb in West Africa. We collected three years of demographic data to parameterize an integral projection model (IPM) and estimated population level demographic statistics. Demographic vital rates and population growth rates did not change significantly with distance from geographic or climatic center, contrary to predictions. However, populations at the center of the geographic range were demographically more resilient to perturbation than those at the periphery. Soil nitrogen was the main driver of population growth rate variation. The relative influence of survival‐growth on population growth rates exceeded that of fertility at the geographic range center while we observed the opposite pattern for climatic niche. Our study highlights the importance of local scale processes in shaping the dynamics and distribution of range‐limited species. Our findings also suggest that the distinction between geographic distribution and climatic niche is important for a robust demographic test of the center‐periphery hypothesis.