bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Axon–Myelin Unit Alterations in Multiple Sclerosis Correlate with Inflammation
Authors: van den Bosch Aletta M. R. , Hümmert Sophie , Steyer Anna , Ruhwedel Torben , Hamann Jörg , Smolders Joost , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Stadelmann Christine , Kole Maarten H. P. , Möbius Wiebke , Huitinga Inge 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveChanges in the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) may contribute to disease progression. Here, we systematically quantified ultrastructural and subcellular characteristics of the axon–myelin unit in MS NAWM and determined how this correlates with low‐grade inflammation.MethodsHuman brain tissue obtained with short postmortem delay and fixation at autopsy enables systematic quantification of ultrastructural characteristics. In this study, we performed high‐resolution immunohis tochemistry and quantitative transmission electron microscopy to study inflammation and ultrastructural characteristics of the axon–myelin unit in MS NAWM (n = 8) and control white matter (WM) in the optic nerve.ResultsIn the MS NAWM, there were more activated and phagocytic microglia cells (HLA+P2RY12− and Iba1+CD68+) and more T cells (CD3+) compared to control WM, mainly located in the perivascular space. In MS NAWM compared to control WM, there were, as expected, longer paranodes and juxtaparanodes and larger overlap between paranodes and juxtaparanodes. There was less compact myelin wrapping, a lower g‐ratio, and a higher frequency of axonal mitochondria. Changes in myelin and axonal mitochondrial frequency correlated positively with the number of active and phagocytic microglia and lymphocytes in the optic nerve.InterpretationThese data suggest that in MS NAWM myelin detachment and uncompact myelin wrapping occurs, potassium channels are unmasked at the nodes of Ranvier, and axonal energy demand is increased, or mitochondrial transport is stagnated, accompanied by increased presence of activated and phagocytic microglia and T cells. These subclinical alterations to the axon–myelin unit in MS NAWM may contribute to disease progression. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:856–870
A Substituted‐Rhodamine‐Based Reversible Fluorescent Probe for In Vivo Quantification of Glutathione
Authors: Li Ni , Wang Ting , Wang Ning , Fan Mengting , Cui Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantifying glutathione (GSH) in cells and organisms is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the quantification by fluorescence bioimaging in living tissues has much stricter requirements than the “Petri dish”‐cultured cells in flat plates. Based on the evaluation of the electronic structure and steric hindrance‐tuned reactivity of phospha‐substituted rhodamine with GSH, a reversible Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe ZpSiP with a distinct performance (Kd=4.9 mM, t1/2=0.57 s, k=81 M−1 s−1) is developed for real time quantifying GSH in living cells. Furthermore, the near‐infrared (NIR) probe succeeded in sensitively tracking the dynamics of GSH in the real organisms bearing tumors, chronic renal failure, and liver fibrosis for unveiling the related pathological processes. We believe that the advance in chemistry with quantitative analysis methods will initiate more promising progress and broad applications.
A protocol for setting‐up robust hydrophobic interaction chromatography targeting the analysis of intact proteins and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Ewonde Raphael Ewonde , Lingg Nico , Eßer Daniel , Eeltink Sebastiaan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is a chromatographic technique that mainly targets the separation of biomolecules (intact proteins, monoclonal antibodies, etc.) based on the difference in surface hydrophobicity while applying non‐denaturing conditions. This protocol paper provides guidelines for setting‐up robust HIC analysis and considers the instrument configuration, mobile‐phase and sample preparation, as well as chromatographic conditions and settings. The separation of a mixture of intact proteins and monoclonal antibodies is demonstrated by applying conventional HIC conditions, that is, using a mildly hydrophobic (C4) stationary phase in combination with an inverse ammonium sulphate gradient dissolved in aqueous phosphate buffer. The effect of sample‐preparation conditions on sample breakthroughs is presented. Finally, good run‐to‐run repeatability (relative standard deviation < 2%) is demonstrated for five different columns obtained from three different column lots, considering chromatographic retention, peak width, peak area and column pressure.
Synthesis of phosphorus‐nitrogen hybrid flame retardant and investigation of its efficient flame‐retardant behavior in PA6/PA66
Authors: Wang Wengui , Wang Fan , Li Heng , Liu Yaochi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo improve the flame retardancy of PA6/PA66 copolymer, a phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant DDP‐M was successfully synthesized via melt condensation reaction between 2‐[(5‐oxo‐6H‐phosphanthridin‐5‐yl)methyl]butanedioic acid (DDP) and melamine (Mel). Its structure, product composition, and thermal stability were characterized by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results suggested that DDP‐M was a hybrid flame retardant. A series of flame‐retardant PA6/PA66 composites were prepared by melt extrusion. Their thermal stability and flame retardancy were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and vertical burning test (UL‐94). The combustion behavior demonstrated that DDP‐M can effectively improve flame retardancy, achieving 32% of LOI value and UL‐94 V‐0 rating with only 9 wt.% addition. No melt dripping was accomplished by adding 12% DDP‐M. The high dose (15%) harmed the flame‐retardant properties. The results of pyrolysis gaseous productions analysis and residual carbon analysis revealed the flame‐retardant mechanism of DDP‐M was a synergistic effect of melamine inducing gaseous phase flame retardancy and highly condensed P‐N char layers inducing condensed phase flame retardancy. The composites retained good mechanical properties due to the good dispersibility and compatibility between polyamide and DDP‐M.
A novel thiourea based interfacial modifier for silica‐filled natural rubber composites
Authors: Kandil Heba , Abo‐Salem Heba M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel interfacial modifier, namely 2‐hexylthiouronium bromide (HTB), for silica has been synthesized and applied into silica‐filled natural rubber (NR) composites. HTB was synthesized from the reaction of thiourea with hexyl bromide at 65°C. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1HNMR) were used to characterize the chemical structure of HTB. Different loadings of HTB were used to prepare a series of silica‐filled NR composites with the aim of verifying the optimal loading of HTB. The cure characteristics, swelling, mechanical, aging and morphological properties of the resulting composites were studied and compared with the unmodified silica‐filled NR composite. The thermal stability of the composites were also studied by thermogravimetric analysis. By examining the properties of the composites, it was found that the addition of HTB had a significant effect on the properties of the silica‐filled NR composites, resulting in shorter scorch and cure times, as well as better swelling, mechanical, aging, and thermal properties than those of the unmodified composite. Furthermore, it was found that 2.5 phr loading of HTB was preferable to obtain a composite with superior tensile properties as its composite's tensile strength increased by 104% over the unmodified composite.
Oscillations of fluid tori around neutron stars
Authors: Šrámková Eva , Matuszková Monika , Klimovičová Kateřina , Horák Jiři , Straub Odele , Urbancová Gabriela , Urbanec Martin , Karas Vladimír , Török Gabriel , Lančová Debora 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examine the influence of quadrupole moment of a slowly rotating neutron star (NS) on the oscillations of a fluid accretion disk (torus) orbiting a compact object the spacetime around which is described by the Hartle‐Thorne geometry. Explicit formulae for non‐geodesic orbital epicyclic and precession frequencies, as well as their simplified practical versions that allow for an expeditious application of the universal relations determining the NS properties, are obtained and examined. We demonstrate that the difference in the accretion disk precession frequencies for NSs of the same mass and angular momentum, but different oblateness, can reach up to tens of percent. Even higher differences can arise when NSs with the same mass and rotational frequency, but different equations of state (EoS), are considered. In particular, the Lense‐Thirring precession frequency defined in the innermost parts of the accretion region can differ by more than one order of magnitude across NSs with different EoS. Our results have clear implications for models of the LMXBs variability.
The Sensory Observation Autism Rating Scale (SOAR): Developed using the PROMIS® framework
Authors: Unwin Katy L. , Barbaro Josephine , Uljarevic Mirko , Hussain Azul , Chetcuti Madison , Lane Alison. E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutistic people experience the sensory world differently, impacting behavior. First‐hand accounts and group‐based research have found that sensory differences impact a range of things including family life, anxiety, participation, and daily living. Early sensory differences are widely reported to be associated with a cascade of developmental difference, suggesting that early autism diagnosis and sensory mapping could enable the provision of supports to facilitate flourishing. However, appropriate measurement tools are not available as all rely on proxy report or are observation measures which include limited modalities or domains and require the administration of stimuli. Therefore, following the gold‐standard recommendations for measurement development outlined by the PROMIS® framework, we created the Sensory Observation Autism Rating scale (SOAR). We identified sensory behaviors across all primary domains and modalities through an extensive autism‐sensory literature review and from focus groups with autism stakeholders. The initial item bank was then refined by an expert panel and through video coding five‐minutes of free play from Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule assessments of 105 age‐ and gender‐matched autistic and developmentally delayed children (aged 13–36 months; 38 female). An additional 25% of the sample were double coded to investigate interrater reliability. Observational data and expert review supported the reduction of the item bank to 37 items. We propose that the refined SOAR has excellent face and ecological validity, along with interrater reliability (Intraclass correlation = 0.87–0.99). Following further data collection and refinement, SOAR has promise to fully characterize sensory behaviors in autistic children and indicate useful supports.
The effect of anaerobic digestate tea on the growth of lemon grass (Cymbopogan citratus)
Authors: Rowe Tamaira Shakeina , Weekes Marc‐Ari , Browne De‐Mar , Holder Nikolai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present the novel use of digestate tea to boost the rates of growth of Cymbopogan citratus, the lemon grass plant. The digestate was sourced from a functioning anaerobic digester at the University of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus, and made into a slurry (digestate tea). The slurry was then applied to the plants in varying surface concentrations. The digestate tea had a profound effect on the growth rates of the plants and resulted in an eight times increase in the overall biomass yield at the highest concentration of digestate tea applied (0.21 ± 0.06 kg, 5.5 L m−2), when compared with the control (0.026 ± 0.004 kg, 0 L m−2). This type of fertilization can tremendously boost lemon grass production, and hence, the production of the valuable lemon grass essential oil in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effects of rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol, and ursolic acid on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases
Authors: Farhadi Faegheh , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Mohamadi Neda , Askari Vahid Reza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review aimed to identify preclinical and clinical studies examining the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CaA), rosmanol (RO), carnosol (CA), and ursolic acid (UA) against allergic and immunologic disorders. Various online databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane trials, and Scopus, were searched from inception until October 2022. Due to the suppression of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway, the main factor in allergic asthma, RA may be a promising candidate for the treatment of asthma. The other ingredients comprising CA and UA reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 and improve airway inflammation. Rosemary's anti‐cancer effect is mediated by several mechanisms, including DNA fragmentation, apoptosis induction, inhibition of astrocyte‐upregulated gene‐1 expression, and obstruction of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. The compounds, essentially found in Rosemary essential oil, prevent smooth muscle contraction through its calcium antagonistic effects, inhibiting acetylcholine (ACH), histamine, and norepinephrine stimulation. Additionally, CA exhibits a substantially greater interaction with the nicotinic ACH receptor than a family of medications that relax the smooth muscles, making it a potent antispasmodic treatment. The components have demonstrated therapeutic effects on the immune, allergy, and respiratory disorders.
Optimization of CRISPR–Cas system for clinical cancer therapy
Authors: Meng Xiang , Wu Tian‐gang , Lou Qiu‐yue , Niu Kai‐yuan , Jiang Lei , Xiao Qing‐zhong , Xu Tao , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer is a genetic disease caused by alterations in genome and epigenome and is one of the leading causes for death worldwide. The exploration of disease development and therapeutic strategies at the genetic level have become the key to the treatment of cancer and other genetic diseases. The functional analysis of genes and mutations has been slow and laborious. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to improve the current status of cancer research. Gene editing technologies provide technical support for efficient gene disruption and modification in vivo and in vitro, in particular the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas systems. Currently, the applications of CRISPR–Cas systems in cancer rely on different Cas effector proteins and the design of guide RNAs. Furthermore, effective vector delivery must be met for the CRISPR–Cas systems to enter human clinical trials. In this review article, we describe the mechanism of the CRISPR–Cas systems and highlight the applications of class II Cas effector proteins. We also propose a synthetic biology approach to modify the CRISPR–Cas systems, and summarize various delivery approaches facilitating the clinical application of the CRISPR–Cas systems. By modifying the CRISPR–Cas system and optimizing its in vivo delivery, promising and effective treatments for cancers using the CRISPR–Cas system are emerging.
Development of chondrocyte‐laden alginate hydrogels with modulated microstructure and properties for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Lertwimol Tareerat , Sonthithai Pacharapan , Hankamolsiri Weerawan , Kaewkong Pakkanun , Uppanan Paweena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlginate hydrogel is an attractive biomaterial for cell microencapsulation. The microarchitecture of hydrogels can regulate cellular functions. This study aims to investigate the applicability of sodium citrate buffer (SCB) as a culture medium supplement for modulating the microstructure of alginate microbeads to provide a favorable microenvironment for chondrogenic induction. The chondrocyte‐laden microbeads, with and without TGF‐β3 incorporation, were produced through an encapsulator. The obtained small‐sized microbeads (~300 μm) were exposed to a treatment medium containing SCB, composed of varied concentrations of sodium citrate (1.10–1.57 mM), sodium chloride (3.00–4.29 mM), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (0.60–0.86 mM) to partially degrade their crosslinked structure for 3 days, followed by culture in a normal medium until day 21. Scanning electron microscope micrographs demonstrated a loose hydrogel network with an enhanced pore size in the SCB‐treated microbeads. Increasing the concentration of SCB in the treatment medium reduced the calcium content of the microbeads via a Na+/Ca2+ exchange process and improved the water absorption of the microbeads, resulting in a higher swelling ratio. All the tested SCB concentrations were non‐cytotoxic. Increases in aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression and their corresponding extracellular matrix accumulation, glycosaminoglycans, and type II collagen were vividly detected in the TGF‐β3‐containing microbeads with increasing SCB concentrations in the treatment medium. Our findings highlighted that the combination of SCB treatment and TGF‐β3 incorporation in the chondrocyte‐laden microbeads is a promising strategy for enhancing cartilage regeneration, which may contribute to a versatile application in cell delivery and tissue engineering.
Language as power in the therapy room: A study of bilingual (Arabic–English) therapists' experiences
Authors: Al‐Mahroos Zahra , Di Braccio Martina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe topic of language as power (LaP) in individual therapeutic encounters has thus far been overlooked, and as bilingual therapists have the ability to use more than one language in the therapy room, their experience of LaP is a compelling research area that this paper attempts to explore. This qualitative, inductive, phenomenological study used interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore five bilingual Arabic–English‐speaking therapists' experiences of LaP in the therapeutic encounter. The study identifies two overarching themes: (a) the emergence of identity and power from language and (b) comparisons of power in the English and Arabic languages. Within these themes, the study finds that therapists experience LaP through multiple avenues: self‐disclosure, intersectionality, being transported to different identities and expressions of power and power of expression in Arabic–English. These multiple avenues illustrate the complexity of LaP in the therapeutic encounter. The study sheds light on an underexplored area in psychotherapy, illuminating an important area for psychotherapists and training institutions to consider when working with clients.
A change in frame and countertransference experiences: Transitioning from face‐to‐face to telepsychotherapy
Authors: Braude Georgia , Mohi Simone , Quinlan Elly , Shoullis Anthony , Collison James 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnprecedented changes in traditional psychotherapeutic practice arose from the lockdown restrictions associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. These changes to practice included the imposed change to the therapeutic frame when transitioning clients from face‐to‐face meetings to delivery of psychotherapy sessions via videoconferencing (defined here as telepsychotherapy). The current study conducted qualitative interviews with 16 Australian psychologists who transitioned their existing adult psychotherapy clients from face‐to‐face therapy to telepsychotherapy and explored their novel experiences associated with countertransference reactions during this period. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed several unique findings. The type of countertransference reactions towards existing clients was consistent across both face‐to‐face and online meetings; however, the felt intensity of countertransference reactions was reduced. Psychologists reported an increased hesitance to work with intense emotions during telepsychotherapy sessions and felt increased pressure to work harder during online sessions when compared to face‐to‐face meetings. Exposure to their clients' personal and home environments during telepsychotherapy sessions elicited several novel reactions towards their clients. These findings on countertransference and telepsychotherapy are informative for future practice and training. Awareness of these unique countertransference experiences is recommended prior to engaging in telepsychotherapy or when transitioning clients to this modality.
Antileishmanial Screening, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils: A Special Focus on Piper callosum Essential Oil
Authors: Garcia Andreza R. , Amaral Ana Claudia F. , Maria Ana Clara B. , Paz Mariana M. , Amorim Mariana M. B. , Chaves Francisco C. M. , Vermelho Alane B. , Nico Dirlei , Rodrigues Igor A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLeishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by the emergence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcerated lesions that can evolve into severe destruction of skin tissue. Treatment of the disease is often accompanied by high toxicity and variable efficacy. Essential oils stand out for having diverse pharmacological properties. Here, we screened a panel of fourteen essential oils for their anti‐L. amazonensis activity, cytotoxicity, and chemical profile. Lippia sidoides (LSEO) and Piper callosum (PCEO) oils displayed the best anti‐promastigote and anti‐amastigote activities with IC50 of 31 and 21 μg/ml, respectively. PCEO was the safest oil with a desirable selectivity index >10. In addition, PCEO showed no cytotoxicity against the VERO line and erythrocytes. PCEO‐treated amastigotes displayed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and high levels of intracellular ROS. Safrole (54.72 %) was the main component of PCEO. The results described here highlight the use of essential oils to combat tegumentary leishmaniasis.
A Keto Reductase Involved in Steroid Degradation in Mycolicibacterium neoaurum
Authors: Jin Ying , Peng Jinjin , Tian Wei , Chang Zunxue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhytosterols can be used by microorganisms as carbon and energy sources and completely degraded into CO2 and H2O. The catabolic pathway of phytosterols was well characterized in many microorganisms. Blocking the steroid core ring degradation by deletions of fadE30 and fadD3 genes, two important steroid intermediates, 3aα‐H‐4α‐(3’‐Propionic acid)‐5α‐hydroxy‐7aβ‐methylhexahydro‐1‐indanone‐δ‐lactone (sitolactone, or HIL) and 3aα‐H‐4α‐(3’‐propionic acid)‐7aβ‐methylhexahydro‐1,5‐indanedione (HIP) can be accumulated. They are currently used to synthesize nor‐steroid drugs with an α‐methyl group or without the methyl group at the C10‐position, such as estrone and norethindrone. In this study, a key gene involved in the bioconversion of HIP to HIL was identified in Mycolicibacterium neoaurum. Through heterologous expression, gene hipR was found to be involved in the reduction of the C5 keto group of HIP to a hydroxy group, leading to spontaneously lactonization into HIL in vitro. Through gene complementation and knockout, HipR functions were verified and two HIP degradation pathways in vivo were elucidated. The finding of this research facilitated the understanding of the metabolic pathway of sterols, and was directly applied to engineering robust production strains by overexpression or knockout of related genes.