bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of aerobic training and resistance training combined with external diaphragm pacing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Xu Yiming , Yang Donghong , Lu Beibei , Zhang Yin , Ren Lei , Shen Honghua 
Published: April 2023

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of aerobic training, resistance training combined with external diaphragm pacing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting The Fourth Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, China. Participants 82 (67.0  ±  6.5 years, 59.8% male) patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized to intervention group 1 ( n  =  27), intervention group 2 ( n  =  28), and control group ( n  =  27). Intervention Intervention group 1 received aerobic and resistance training, while intervention group 2 received additional external diaphragm pacing. Control group received aerobic training only. Main measures 1-year follow-up of physical activity, body composition, respiratory function and diaphragm function. Results Intervention groups 1 and 2 showed statistically improvements in the difference value compared with control group in terms of 6-min walk distance (−95.28  ±  20.09 and −101.92  ±  34.91 vs −63.58  ±  23.38), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (−0.042  ±  0.027 and −0.130  ±  0.050 vs −0.005  ±  0.068), fat-free mass (−2.11  ±  3.74 and −3.82  ±  3.74vs 0.28  ±  1.49) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test value (2.16  ±  0.85 and 2.38  ±  1.02 vs 1.50  ±  0.93). Intervention group 2 showed significant difference in arterial oxygen pressure (−4.46  ±  3.22 vs −1.92  ±  3.45), diaphragm excursion during deep breaths (−0.82  ±  0.74 vs −0.38  ±  0.29), and diaphragm thickness fraction (−8.77  ±  3.22 vs −4.88  ±  2.69) compared with control group. Conclusion The combination of aerobic training, resistance training, and external diaphragm pacing obtained significant improvements in physical activity, respiratory function, body composition, arterial oxygen pressure, and diaphragm function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Trial registration ChiCTR1800020257, www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Behavioral profile of adult zebrafish acutely exposed to a selective dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR 12909
Authors: Zabegalov Konstantin N , Costa Fabiano , Viktorova Yuliya A , Maslov Gleb O , Kolesnikova Tatiana O , Gerasimova Elena V , Grinevich Vladimir P , Budygin Evgeny A , Kalueff Allan V 
Published: April 2023

Background: The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the main regulator of dopamine concentration in the extrasynaptic space. The pharmacological inhibition of the DAT results in a wide spectrum of behavioral manifestations, which have been identified so far in a limited number of species, mostly in rodents. Aim: Here, we used another well-recognized model organism, the zebrafish ( Danio rerio), to explore the behavioral effects of GBR 12909, a highly-affine selective DAT blocker. Methods: We evaluated zebrafish locomotion, novelty-related exploration, spatial cognition, and social phenotypes in the novel tank, habituation and shoaling tests, following acute 20-min water immersion in GBR 12909. Results: Our findings show hypolocomotion, anxiety-like state, and impaired spatial cognition in fish acutely treated with GBR 12909. This behavioral profile generally parallels that of the DAT knockout rodents and zebrafish, and it overlaps with behavioral effects of other DAT-inhibiting drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and D-amphetamine. Conclusion: Collectively, our data support the utility of zebrafish in translational studies on DAT targeting neuropharmacology and strongly implicate DAT aberration as an important mechanisms involved in neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Tell me how you feel, I will tell you what you look at: Impact of mood and craving on alcohol attentional bias in binge drinking
Authors: Bollen Zoé , Pabst Arthur , Masson Nicolas , Suárez-Suárez Samuel , Carbia Carina , Maurage Pierre 
Published: April 2023

Background: Alcohol-related attentional bias (AB) is thought to play a key role in the emergence and maintenance of excessive alcohol use. Recent models suggest that AB, classically considered as a permanent feature in alcohol use disorders, is rather modulated by temporary motivational states. Aims: We explored the influence of current mood and craving on AB in binge drinking, through a mood induction procedure combined with eye-tracking measures of AB. Methods: In Experiment 1, we measured AB (visual probe task with eye-tracking measures) among binge drinkers ( n = 48) and light drinkers ( n = 32) following positive, negative and neutral mood inductions. Participants reported subjective craving and mood before/after induction. In Experiment 2, we measured AB among the same binge drinkers compared with 29 moderate drinkers following alcohol-related negative, non-alcohol-related negative and neutral mood inductions. Results: In Experiment 1, induced negative mood and group positively predicted subjective craving, which was positively associated with AB. We found no effect of induced positive mood nor a direct mood-AB association. In Experiment 2, the relationships AB presented with both induced negative mood and group were again mediated by craving. Inducing alcohol-related negative mood did not modify the mood-craving association. Conclusions: Alcohol-related AB is not a stable binge drinking characteristic but rather varies according to transient motivational (i.e., craving) and emotional (i.e., negative mood) states. This study provides important insights to better understand AB in subclinical populations and emphasizes the importance of considering motivational and affective states as intercorrelated, to offer multiple ways to reduce excessive alcohol use.
A National, Electronic Health Record–Based Study of Perinatal Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fraser Stuart , Levy Samantha M. , Talebi Yashar , Savitz Sean I. , Zha Alicia , Zhu Gen , Wu Hulin 
Published: April 2023

Background Perinatal stroke occurs in approximately 1 in 1100 live births. Large electronic health record (EHR) data can provide information on exposures associated with perinatal stroke in a larger number of patients than is achievable through traditional clinical studies. The objective of this study is to assess prevalence and odds ratios of known and theorized comorbidities with perinatal ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods The data for patients aged 0-28 days with a diagnosis of either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were extracted from the Cerner Health Facts Electronic Medical Record (EMR) database. Incidence of birth demographics and perinatal complications were recorded. Odds ratios were calculated against a control group. Results A total of 535 (63%) neonates were identified with ischemic stroke and 312 (37%) with hemorrhagic stroke. The most common exposures for ischemic stroke were sepsis (n = 82, 15.33%), hypoxic injury (n = 61, 11.4%), and prematurity (n = 49, 9.16%). The most common comorbidities for hemorrhagic stroke were prematurity (n = 81, 26%) and sepsis (n = 63, 20%). No perinatal ischemic stroke patients had diagnosis codes for cytomegalovirus disease. Procedure and diagnosis codes related to critical illness, including intubation and resuscitation, were prominent in both hemorrhagic (n = 46, 15%) and ischemic stroke (n = 45, 8%). Conclusion This electronic health record–based study of perinatal stroke, the largest of its kind, demonstrated a wide variety of comorbid conditions with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Sepsis, prematurity, and hypoxic injury are associated with perinatal hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, though prevalence varies between types. Much of our data were similar to prior studies, which lends validity to the electronic health record database in studying perinatal stroke.
Effect of wear damage on aero-thermal performance of the film-cooled squealer tip in a turbine stage
Authors: Ye Mingliang , Yan Xin , He Kun 
Published: April 2023

Effects of wear damage on the aerodynamic performance, heat transfer and film cooling effect in the squealer tip region of a gas turbine stage were investigated under engine condition. Two wear parameters, including the starting-location of wear ( sl) and wear depth ( wd), were introduced to describe the degree of wear damage. Three starting-locations of wear ( sl = 32% C ax, 58% C ax and 79% C ax) and three wear depths ( wd = 0.33 mm, 0.67 mm and 1.0 mm) were selected to compute the heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness on the squealer tip at four blowing ratios ( M = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0). The pressure loss and isentropic efficiency of the turbine stage were calculated to assess the aerodynamic performance degradation induced by the tip wear. The results indicate that the pressure loss in the blade passage near tip region is increased and the stage efficiency is decreased with the increase of wd. Compared to the original design case at M = 0.75, the pressure loss in the rotor blade passage is increased by 7.39% and the stage efficiency is decreased by 2.22% at most after wear. As wd increases, the area-averaged heat transfer coefficient on the cavity floor is increased and film cooling effectiveness is decreased. For the worn cases at M = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, the area-averaged heat transfer coefficient on the cavity floor is increased respectively by 87.7%, 62.3%, 71.3% and 88.0% at most, and the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness is decreased respectively by 37.2%, 26.8%, 26.7% and 22.2% at most, as compared to the original design cases.
Establishment of an animal model of sciatic nerve injury induced by local anesthetics
Authors: E Qi , Wu Yunlin , Liang Xiaoxia , Chen Meixin , Peng Jiayi , Zhou Ziyin , Wen Xianjie 
Published: April 2023

Peripheral neurotoxicity injury caused by local anesthetics is a common complication of clinical anesthesia. The study of its mechanism is helpful to prevent and treat the neurotoxic injury of local anesthetics. Previous studies on peripheral neurotoxicity injury caused by local anesthetics have mainly focused on in vitro cell experiments. Due to the lack of an animal model of peripheral neurotoxicity damage caused by local anesthetics, there are few in vivo experimental studies regarding this topic. Herein, 1% ropivacaine hydrochloride was injected into the sciatic nerve by direct incision and exposure of the sciatic nerve to create a local anesthetic neurotoxic injury model. The results showed that 1% ropivacaine hydrochloride could reduce the lower limb motor score and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold in mice 48 hours after injection. Pathological sections showed that 48 hours after treatment with 1% ropivacaine hydrochloride, the sciatic nerve showed increased axonal edema and degeneration, edema between nerve fiber bundles, increased degeneration of axon and myelin sheath vacuoles, edema of nerve bundle membrane and local degeneration and necrosis, and a large number of inflammatory cells around the nerve adventitia were soaked. The above results show that under open vision, 1% ropivacaine hydrochloride can cause injury to the sciatic nerve after 48 h of treatment, which can simulate the neurotoxic damage of local anesthetics. This animal model provides a research tool for studying the mechanism of neurotoxic injury caused by local anesthetics.
Thinking clearly about climate change and mental health
Authors: James Amos Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Objective To examine the quality and strength of evidence for an association between temperature increases caused by climate change and suicide used in policy documents to advocate for radical changes to healthcare systems in pursuit of decarbonisation. Method The designs of articles collected in a systematic review which concluded that there was an association between climate change and increased rates of suicide were analysed for their capacity to support this conclusion. Complete US data covering temperatures and suicide rates between 1968 and 2004 was aggregated and analysed using linear regression to evaluate evidence for an association between temperature and suicide. Results None of the articles collected in the review has a design capable of investigating whether there is an association between temperature increases caused by climate change and rates of suicide. At the national level increased annual US temperatures were associated with a decrease in the rate of suicide, and at the state level it was common for high average temperature states to have low rates of suicide and vice versa. Conclusions Policy recommendations for radical changes in healthcare services have been based on misrepresented evidence. Policy makers should beware of recommendations that ignore scientific evidence to pursue faith-based goals.
The Impact of Cancer Relapse and Poor Patient Outcomes on Health Care Providers Practicing in the Oncology Field
Authors: Alwhaibi Abdulrahman , Alenazi Miteb , Almadi Bana , aljabali Nora , Alkhalifah Sahar , Syed Wajid , Alsaif Reem , Bablghaith Salmeen D , Al-Arifi Mohammed N 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Devastating cancer-related events are not uncommon, and these events have weakened communication performance and induced stress among health care providers (HCPs), particularly physicians. This study aimed to investigate the perspective of HCPs emotionally affected by poor clinical outcomes due to the failure of cancer therapy. Methods A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted over 3 months among HCPs practicing in the field of oncology in Saudi Arabia, comprising physicians, pharmacists, and nurses. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0. A P -value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results This study demonstrated a positive correlation between HCPs’ length of experience and emotional impact of treatment failure, albeit this was not statistically significant (P = .071). Analysis of their perspective toward failure of cancer therapies revealed a significant impact of occupation and sex (P = .014 and P = .047, respectively). Moreover, occupation played a significant role in shaping the viewpoint of HCPs toward the need for conducing further research to test the appropriateness of treatment protocols on local patients (P = .022). Despite the emotional responses of HCPs to suboptimal clinical outcomes, factors such as work burnout, lack of concentration and patience, work or personal problems, and under appreciation were frequently identified as triggers of such outcomes. Conclusion Our results revealed that poor clinical outcomes observed among cancer patients are emotional triggers for HCPs practicing in the oncology field. The emotional response is often perceived negatively, and can potentially lead to a decline in the quality of care provided to these patients.
Cohort study on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury: Incidence, risk factors, and management strategies
Authors: Panich Jennifer , Irwin Craig , Bissonette Adam , Elkhidir Sabri , Lodhi Fahad , Folz Connie , Lee Joshua , Pulipati Soumya , Fatima Zebi , Gopinath Prathima , Blonsky Rebecca , Abboud Leon Chady , Kattamanchi Siddhartha 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Case studies and retrospective chart reviews of health system data have demonstrated an increased risk of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to clinical trials. This study investigated the frequency, causes, and risk factors for acute kidney injury in a real-world, rural setting. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received at least one dose of a checkpoint inhibitor at a rural health system from May 2013 to February 2020 and who received at least one dose of a checkpoint inhibitor. Electronic and manual chart review helped to determine the incidence of, risk factors for, and renal outcomes and management strategies of checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury. Multivariable Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to assess the impact of patient characteristics on the incidence of sustained acute kidney injury and checkpoint inhibitor-induced acute kidney injury. Results After exclusion criteria, 906 patients who received at least one dose of a checkpoint inhibitor at Marshfield Clinic Health System during the study period were included. The incidence of acute kidney injury of any duration and due to any cause was 36.1%, while sustained acute kidney injury occurred in 28.7% of patients. Checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury was thought to have occurred in 2.7% of patients. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 was the sole predictor of checkpoint inhibitors-related acute kidney injury. Most patients with suspected checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury were managed with corticosteroids, and 62.5% experienced complete renal recovery. Conclusions Ours is the first retrospective cohort study to test whether baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score and checkpoint inhibitor place in therapy were associated with checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury, and neither of these data points were found to be predictive. Even after expanding the parameters and methodologies of our study as compared to other retrospective cohort studies, we found only three baseline characteristics to be predictive of sustained acute kidney injury: Baseline eGFR, loop diuretic, and spironolactone use. For checkpoint inhibitor-related baseline, eGFR alone was predictive.
Exploring Female Students’ Experiences of ADHD and its Impact on Social, Academic, and Psychological Functioning
Authors: Morley Eden , Tyrrell Aimee 
Published: April 2023

Objective: The aim of research is to provide greater understanding of ADHD in adult females by exploring first-hand experiences of female university students with ADHD in the UK, and the impact of such experiences on social, academic, and psychological functioning. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adult women attending university in the UK—all clinically diagnosed with ADHD during adulthood. Results: Participants experiences were rich and insightful, identifying that many women with ADHD experience stigmatization and social discrimination, amongst other social, academic, and psychological difficulties. Conclusion: Overall, the research identifies the pressing need for greater understanding and appreciation of ADHD in females, particularly amongst health professionals.
Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) best practice guideline on the assessment and management of vascular access devices
Authors: Buchanan Christine , Burt Amy , Moureau Nancy , Murray Darlene , Nizum Nafsin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Vascular access is the most common invasive procedure performed in health care. This fundamental procedure must be performed in a safe and effective manner. Vascular access devices (VADs) are often the source of infections and other complications, yet there is a lack of clear guidance on VADs for health providers across different settings. A Best Practice Guideline (BPG) was developed by the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) to provide evidence-based recommendations on the assessment and management of VADs. Methods: RNAO BPGs are based on systematic reviews of the literature following the GRADE approach. Experts on the topic of vascular access were selected to form a panel. Systematic reviews were conducted on six research areas: education, vascular access specialists, blood draws, daily review of peripheral VADs, visualization technologies, and pain management. A search for relevant research studies published in English limited to January 2013 was applied to eight databases. All studies were independently assessed for eligibility and risk of bias by two reviewers based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The GRADE approach was used to determine certainty of the evidence. Results: Over 65,000 articles were screened related to the six priority research questions. Of these, 876 full-text publications were examined for relevance, with 174 articles designated to inform nine recommendations in the BPG on the subject areas of: comprehensive health teaching, practical education for health providers, blood draws, daily review of peripheral VADs, visualization technologies, and pain management. In June 2021, the RNAO published the BPG on vascular access, which included the recommendations and other supporting resources. Conclusion: The vascular access BPG provides high quality guidance and updated recommendations, and can serve as a primary resource for health providers assessing and managing VADs.
Comparative effectiveness of bovine carotid artery xenograft and polytetrafluoroethylene in hemodialysis access revision
Authors: Heindel Patrick , Feliz Jessica D , Fitzgibbon James J , Rouanet Eva , Belkin Michael , Hentschel Dirk M , Ozaki C Keith , Hussain Mohamad A 
Published: April 2023

Background: When hemodialysis arteriovenous accesses fail, autogenous options are often limited. Non-autogenous conduit choices include bovine carotid artery xenografts (BCAG) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), yet their comparative effectiveness in hemodialysis access revision remains largely unknown. Methods: A cohort study was performed from a prospectively collected institutional database from August 2010 to July 2021. All patients undergoing an arteriovenous access revision with either BCAG or PTFE were followed for up to 3 years from their index access revision. Revision was defined as graft placement to address a specific problem of an existing arteriovenous access while maintaining one or more of the key components of the original access (e.g. inflow, outflow, and cannulation zone). Outcomes were measured starting at the date of the index revision procedure. The primary outcome was loss of secondary patency at 3 years. Secondary outcomes included loss of post-intervention primary patency, rates of recurrent interventions, and 30-day complications. Pooled logistic regression was used to estimate inverse probability weighted marginal structural models for the time-to-event outcomes of interest. Results: A total of 159 patients were included in the study, and 58% received access revision with BCAG. Common indications for revision included worn out cannulation zones (32%), thrombosis (18%), outflow augmentation (16%), and inflow augmentation (13%). Estimated risk of secondary patency loss at 3 years was lower in the BCAG group (8.6%, 3.9–15.1) compared to the PTFE group (24.8%, 12.4–38.7). Patients receiving BCAG experienced a 60% decreased relative risk of secondary patency loss at 3 years (risk ratio 0.40, 0.14–0.86). Recurrent interventions occurred at similar rates in the BCAG and PTFE groups, with 1.86 (1.31–2.43) and 1.60 (1.07–2.14) interventions at 1 year, respectively (hazard ratio 1.22, 0.74–1.96). Conclusions: Under the conditions of this contemporary cohort study, use of BCAG in upper extremity hemodialysis access revision decreased access abandonment when compared to PTFE.