bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thermo‐resistant and RNase‐sensitive cargo from Giardia duodenalis extracellular vesicles modifies the behaviour of enterobacteria
Authors: Siddiq Affan , Dong George , Balan Balu , Harrison Luke G. , Jex Aaron , Olivier Martin , Allain Thibault , Buret Andre G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as important players in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. While the protist parasite Giardia duodenalis can produce EVs, their role in giardiasis remains obscure. Giardia can disrupt gut microbiota biofilms and transform commensal bacteria into invasive pathobionts at sites devoid of colonizing trophozoites via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that Giardia EVs could modify gut bacterial behaviour via a novel mode of trans‐kingdom communication. Our findings indicate that Giardia EVs exert bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coli HB101 and Enterobacter cloacae TW1, increasing their swimming motility. Giardia EVs also decreased the biofilm‐forming ability of E. coli HB101 but not by E. cloacae TW1, supporting the hypothesis that these effects are, at least in part, bacteria‐selective. E. coli HB101 and E. cloacae TW1 exhibited increased adhesion/invasion onto small intestine epithelial cells when exposed to Giardia EVs. EVs labelled with PKH67 revealed colocalization with E. coli HB101 and E. cloacae TW1 bacterial cells. Small RNA sequencing revealed a high abundance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)‐ and transfer RNA (tRNA)‐derived small RNAs, short‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) within Giardia EVs. Proteomic analysis of EVs uncovered the presence of RNA chaperones and heat shock proteins that can facilitate the thermal stability of EVs and its sRNA cargo, as well as protein‐modifying enzymes. In vitro, RNase heat‐treatment assays showed that total RNAs in EVs, but not proteins, are responsible for modulating bacterial swimming motility and biofilm formation. G. duodenalis small RNAs of EVs, but not proteins, were responsible for the increased bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells induced upon exposure to Giardia EVs. Together, the findings indicate that Giardia EVs contain a heat‐stable, RNase‐sensitive cargo that can trigger the development of pathobiont characteristics in Enterobacteria, depicting a novel trans‐kingdom cross‐talk in the gut.
Porphyrin precursors and risk of primary liver cancer in acute intermittent porphyria: A case–control study of 188 patients
Authors: Lissing Mattias , Wester Axel , Vassiliou Daphne , Floderus Ylva , Harper Pauline , Sardh Eliane , Wahlin Staffan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare hereditary metabolic disease characterized by acute attacks and accumulation of the porphyrin precursors 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). Patients with AIP have a high risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). We aimed to assess the association between porphyrin precursor excretion and the risk for PLC in patients with AIP. We studied 48 patients with AIP who developed PLC between 1987 and 2015 and 140 age and sex matched controls with AIP but no PLC. Data on all available urinary PBG and ALA samples collected from 1975 until 1 year before PLC diagnosis were analyzed and compared between cases and controls using logistic regression. Porphyrin precursor excretion was higher in patients with PLC (PBG median 7.9 [IQR 4.4–21.9] mmol/mol creatinine) than in controls (3.8 [1.2–9.8]) (adjusted odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.12). None of the 28 patients with all registered samples below the upper limit of normal (ULN) developed PLC, and only one of the 45 patients with all samples <2× ULN developed PLC. Among non‐PLC controls, ALA and PBG levels decreased after age 50–60 while an increasing trend was observed after age 65 among those who developed PLC. Increased urinary porphyrin precursors are associated with a high risk of developing PLC. Patients with normal levels appear to have a low risk while high or increasing ALA and PBG after age 65 indicates high risk, which should be considered in surveillance decisions.
Effect of postharvest storage time on quality characteristics of explosion puffing dried whole shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) crisps
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhao Ya , Zhang Yuexiang , Shi Qilong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐fried shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) crisps fabricated by explosion puffing drying (EPD) are receiving worldwide attention because of their crispness, convenience, nutrition and health functions. The quality of mushroom crisps varies with storage time of fresh L. edodes. Therefore, the effect of postharvest storage time (ranging from 0 to 14 days) of fresh L. edodes on quality characteristics of EPD‐ processed mushroom crisps was evaluated.RESULTSThe weight loss and total color difference of fresh L. edodes were increased to 2.95% and 24.66, but moisture content, firmness and lightness were reduced by 6.14%, 40.70% and 43.57%, respectively, after 14 days storage. The puffing degree of mushroom crisps was initially increased to its highest value (55.95%) on the 4th day storage and thereafter decreased. The highest rehydration ratio (2.36) and crispness (63.67), and lowest hardness (102.95 N) of mushroom crisps were fabricated with L. edodes on the 4th day of storage. Free water was predominant in fresh L. edodes, which was decreased for fresh L. edodes, whereas it increased initially to the maximum value and decreased thereafter for osmotic dehydrated and heat pump pre‐dried L. edodes with increasing storage time. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that fresh L. edodes stored at different times had a remarkable effect on quality characteristics of mushroom crisps.CONCLUSIONFresh L. edodes stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 4 days is recommended for fabrication of mushroom crisps with superior quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for selection of a suitable storage time for fresh L. edodes before EPD of crisps. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding frozen section histopathology in Sinonasal and anterior skull base malignancy and proposed reporting guidelines
Authors: Mclean Tim , Fitzgerald Conall , Eagan Alana , Long Sallie M. , Cracchiolo Jennifer , Shah Jatin , Patel Snehal , Ganly Ian , Dogan Snjezana , Cohen Marc A. ,   other members of the study group
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative frozen section histopathology (IFSH) in sinonasal and skull base surgery although widely used is not well studied.MethodsWe reviewed a database of sinonasal and anterior skull base tumors, between 1973 and 2019, and identified 312 suitable operative cases. Clinicopathologic data was collected and analyzed, in addition to descriptive data for histopathological reports classified as “ambiguous,” or “limited/insufficient‐quality/quantity.”ResultsOverall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for IFSH were 90.2%, 97.5%, 94.2%, 95.6%, and 95.2%, respectively. IFSH for adenocarcinoma, salivary carcinoma, and SCC all demonstrated a better clinical utility with a sensitivity of 90% or greater, while it was less than 90% for esthesioneuroblastoma, melanoma, and sarcoma. Other factors such as unclear reporting, poor quality specimens, or limited quality specimens were shown to lower diagnostic performance. Based on limitations identified, we proposed a novel IFSH reporting algorithm to improve IFSH in sinonasal and skull base surgery.ConclusionsIFSH is an accurate and clinically useful technique in sinonasal and skull base surgery patients; however, limitations exist.
Effects of fertilizer application strategies on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage under different agronomic practices: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bohoussou N'Dri Yves , Han Shou‐Wei , Li Hao‐Ran , Kouadio Yao Dinard , Ejaz Irsa , Virk Ahmad Latif , Dang Yash Pal , Zhao Xin , Zhang Hai‐Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFertilizer application strategies can impact soil health, mainly soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) sequestration, which are essential in mitigating climate change. Many studies have been conducted on the influence of fertilizer use on SOC and TN storage. Results can, however, be variable in different sites because of various management practices and environmental conditions; therefore, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 953 observations from 143 papers on the impact of different fertilizers (mineral N (NF), manure (Mn) and mixed fertilizers (MNF: combination of mineral and organic fertilizer)) on SOC and TN storage under various cropping systems and environmental conditions in agricultural land. The results showed that MNF led to the greatest SOC and TN stocks. Noticeably, animal Mn sequestered higher amounts of SOC and TN compared to green Mn. In addition, MNF increases SOC in the medium term (10–20 years, 43.71%) and TN in the short term (0–10 years, 40.85%), which could be related to their nutrient's cycles and residence time in the soil. The higher effectiveness of SOC and TN sequestration (12.84% and 27.42%, respectively) under NF was observed at high rates >250 kg N/ha in comparison to low rates of 0–250 kg N/ha. A significant SOC increment was observed with MNF (37.76%) and Mn (19.45%) under continuous cropping (monoculture) than crop rotations. In contrast, TN was higher with MNF (58.31%) and Mn (18.23%) with crop rotations. The subhumid and semi‐arid zones had greater increase in SOC (28.24%) and TN (74.54%) stock in comparison to other climatic conditions. Overall, this study emphasized that MNF could optimize SOC and TN storage in agricultural soils depending upon edaphic and regional climatic conditions.
Response of the tomato rhizosphere bacterial community to water–oxygen coupling under micronanobubble oxygenated drip irrigation in mildly saline soil
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Guo Shenghao , Zhang Shihua , Zhang Chengcai , Niu Wenquan , Song Xiaowei , Han Jinxian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe deterioration of the soil water–air environment due to salinization can reduce soil bacterial activity and cause crop yield reduction. Micronanobubble oxygenated drip irrigation can significantly improve the nonsaline soil water–air environment and enhance bacterial activity, but its effect on salinized soil bacteria is unknown. In this study, we used a tomato cultivation experiment in mildly saline soil to evaluate the responses of the rhizosphere bacterial community to the soil microenvironment created by micronanobubble oxygenated drip irrigation. The results indicated that the soil environmental factors (including soil electrical conductivity, i.e., EC) (r = 0.46) and root length (r = −0.86) had important regulatory effects on bacterial community function, which had significant direct effects on tomato yield (r = 0.46). The moderate dissolved oxygen concentration treatment significantly reduced the EC by 63.22%–73.32% compared with CK (noncultivated soil treatment) and generally increased the root length; however, only the combination of a moderate dissolved oxygen concentration and excess irrigation (A15W1.2) significantly increased tomato yields by 190.90% compared with A0W0.8 (the combination of a low dissolved oxygen concentration and insufficient irrigation) because the irrigation water volume was the limiting condition affecting the benefits of the root length increase. The high dissolved oxygen concentration treatment significantly reduced the EC by 60.36%–92.31% and increased the bacterial community diversity by 4.08%–6.16% compared with CK; these aforementioned changes favored the increase in tomato yield. However, similar to the result of the moderate dissolved oxygen treatments, the tomato yields were significantly higher and among the highest of all treatments only when a high dissolved oxygen concentration was combined with sufficient irrigation or excess irrigation (A30W1 or A30W1.2) due to the limiting effect of the irrigation water volume. Therefore, accounting for the changes in EC, soil bacterial community, and tomato yields, A15W1.2, A30W1, and A30W1.2 are recommended for tomato production in mildly saline soils.
Differences in pelvic floor muscle morphology and function between female runners with and without running‐induced stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Berube Marie‐Eve , McLean Linda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences in pelvic floor muscle (PFM) morphology and function between female runners with and without running‐induced stress urinary incontinence (RI‐SUI).DesignThis was a cross‐sectional, observational study.MethodsExperienced female runners were recruited into two groups: runners who regularly experience RI‐SUI (n = 19) and runners who do not (n = 20). Active and passive pelvic floor muscle (PFM) properties were assessed using intravaginal dynamometry during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and during passive tissue elongation. The morphology of the urethra and PFMs was assessed using 2D and 3D transperineal ultrasound imaging. Independent t tests or Mann–Whitney U were used as appropriate to test group differences on all study outcomes, and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated.ResultsThe rate of force development during the MVC was significantly higher in participants reporting RI‐SUI (p ≤ 0.05) and conversely, significantly lower during passive elongation of the PFMs (p ≤ 0.05) compared to runners with no history of leakage. Concurrently, the extent of bladder neck elevation between rest and maximum voluntary activation was significantly higher among those with RI‐SUI compared to those without. Although not significant, small to moderate effect sizes were observed for other outcomes—active force outcomes measured during MVC tended to be higher in runners with RI‐SUI, while passive force outcomes measured during passive tissue elongation tended to be lower. The cross‐sectional area of the urethral wall and the area of the levator hiatus tended to be larger in runners with RI‐SUI compared to those without.ConclusionRunners who experience RI‐SUI demonstrate better PFM contractile function but lower passive support when compared to their continent counterparts.
Enhancement of vibrational characteristics of rotating CFRP composite tapered plates reinforced by graphene nanoparticles
Authors: George Manuel , Prasad Mattipally , Selvaraj Rajeshkumar , Sakthieswaran N. , Sivakumar J. , Al‐Mohaimeed Amal M. , Chen Tse‐Wei , Al‐Bahrani Mohammed , Capangpangan Rey Y. , Alguno Arnold C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the dynamic behavior of rotating carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite tapered plates reinforced with graphene nanoparticles has been investigated using a finite element (FE) formulation. The mechanical properties of CFRP laminates containing 0–0.5 wt% graphene nanoparticles were assessed using ASTM standard tests. The experimental dynamic analysis was conducted on CFRP and graphene reinforced CFRP composites under cantilever end conditions. The first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT)‐based FE model was developed using MATLAB software to obtain the natural frequencies of the graphene reinforced CFRP plates. The validity of the FE results is compared with literature, and it shows excellent agreement for composite structures. Furthermore, parametric analysis is performed to explore the influence of wt% of graphene, rotating speed, setting angle, and ply thickness on the dynamic responses of graphene reinforced CFRP tapered plates.Highlights
Effects of graphene reinforcement in CFRP composites are investigated.
The mechanical characteristics were evaluated using ASTM standards.
FSDT is employed to model the rotating tapered graphene‐CFRP plates.
Vibration behavior of graphene‐CFRP composites is studied experimentally.
Effects of various factors on the vibrations of the CFRP plates are studied.
Factors associated with late gestational age of diagnosis and/or delayed referral of fetuses with major structural malformations: A study in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Gowda Mamatha , Chinta Navya , Deodhare Kirti , Murugesan Sneha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the factors related to delayed diagnosis or referral of women with major congenital malformations in a tertiary care hospital in South India, with a specific emphasis on the socioeconomic and psychosocial aspects.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 107 pregnant women with confirmed fetal anomalies at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected on factors related to the patient, physician, and healthcare system that could have contributed to the delay.ResultsIn our study of 107 patients, 98.1% had at least one antenatal check‐up before 20 weeks. Among them, 75.2% (79/107) were advised to undergo a mid‐trimester anomaly scan, and 70.8% (56/79) actually underwent the scan. However, 62.5% (35/56) of those who had the scan performed at the appropriate time had undetected abnormalities. Retrospective analysis showed that 28.5% (10/35) of these anomalies could have been detected as early as 12–14 weeks of gestation. Additionally, 24.3% (26/107) of women were advised to undergo scans at or after 20 weeks and 4.7% (5/107) had anomalies detected during the scan but were unaware about the findings until subsequent visits. Inadequate healthcare professional training, busy schedules, lack of awareness, and communication gaps were identified as potential reasons for delayed diagnosis. Psychosocial factors such as denial, fear, emotional distress, and anxiety also influenced decision‐making and contributed to delayed medical care.ConclusionAddressing healthcare provider training, communication between the healthcare professionals and the patients, and psychosocial factors are essential to prevent delays and improve pregnancy management. Future interventions should focus on awareness, providing comprehensive information, and support for parents facing fetal anomalies.
Rapid response with good toleration of sirolimus for life‐threatening neonatal lymphatic malformations
Authors: Dong Shixiao , Li Li , Xu Jiaosheng , Han Zhonglong , Zheng Xia 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionLymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare vascular anomalies predominantly affecting infants, which can be debilitating or life‐threatening when complicated with intralesional bleeding or infection. Effective and safe management strategies are essential in such cases.Case presentationWe report a case series involving four Chinese neonates with life‐threatening LMs, initially treated with oral sirolimus. All patients achieved rapid relief and sustained remission, using a lower sirolimus dosage than previously recommended. Furthermore, adverse events were rarely recorded during follow‐up.ConclusionSirolimus can be considered a promising choice for neonates with intricate and life‐threatening LMs. Initiation with a reduced sirolimus dose is advisable.
Weld‐lines and its strength evaluation in injection molded parts: A review
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh , Gaval Vivek , Solanke Sachin , Divekar Mahesh , Darade Nandkishor , Satpute Ajay , Goutham G. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInjection molding manufacturing is immensely popular nowadays because of its excellent manufacturability for complex designs produced from a wide range of different engineering plastic materials. Weld‐line is a defect that arises in injection molding when two or more flow fronts collide. The weld‐lines are undesirable from both aesthetic and functional points of view and their effect is different for varied materials, process conditions, loadings, forms of weld‐line, etc. The presence of a weld‐line weakens components locally due to insufficient intermolecular diffusion, v‐notch formation, fiber anisotropy, insufficient process conditions, and so on. When a component is under load, crack propagation usually begins with a weak weld‐line area. Therefore, the designer should anticipate the presence of weld‐lines and their strength to avoid failure of components during operation. In this article, the review of published research work on weld‐line formation during injection molding has been summarized. The review focuses on the phenomenon of weld‐line formation, the type of weld‐lines, and the importance of weld‐line evaluations. The theoretical, experimental, and computational approaches to analyzing weld‐line and its strength are covered in detail. At last, methods for reducing weld‐lines and increasing the strength of weld‐line area have been discussed. This review also gathers data on weld‐line strength with respect to different materials.Highlights
Details of weld‐line formation and its types.
Importance of weld‐line evaluation.
Methods of weld‐line strength evaluation.
Methods of reduction of the number of weld‐line and its effect.
Summary of weld‐line strength for different material.
The relationship between principal support, teacher professional identity, and teacher professional learning in China: Investigating gender differences
Authors: Qin Xinxin , Liu Shengnan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs an alternative concept of teacher professional development, teacher professional learning has attracted increasing research attention. This study explored the relationship between teacher gender, principal support, teacher professional identity, and teacher professional learning among 608 teachers in central and western regions of China. The results indicated that female teachers perceived higher professional identity and professional learning than male teachers. Principal support had a significant positive influence on teacher professional learning, with teacher professional identity playing a partial mediating role. Teacher gender moderated the mediation effect of teacher professional identity on teacher professional learning, and professional identity had a higher influence on professional learning among male than female teachers. Based on the findings, the practical implication was discussed.