bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferentes en la detección de drogas de abuso mediante pruebas de inmunoensayo utilizadas en toxicológica clínica y forense
Authors: Lara Orozco Klever Mauricio , Ustáriz Fajardo Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2023

Introducción: La detección de drogas de abuso es de interés en medicina legal y forense para sujetos vivos o cadáveres, en el ámbito laboral, en pacientes en desintoxicación de sustancias psicoactivas y en diversos procedimientos legales. Las sustancias para detectar son aquellas sustancias psicoactivas más frecuentemente consumidas por la población o sus metabolitos. Los inmunoensayos son la primera línea de detección utilizada para determinar drogas de abuso en muestras biológicas. Sin embargo, los resultados positivos obtenidos mediante una detección por inmunoensayo deben confirmarse con un segundo análisis basado principios químicos o físicos como las técnicas cromatográficas. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es describir y argumentar la importancia de las pruebas de inmunoensayo en la detección de drogas de abuso para la toxicología clínica y forense y los diferentes factores interferentes que afectan su confiabilidad. Metodología: El presente trabajo de investigación es tipo documental, retrospectivo y descriptivo fundamentado en la búsqueda sistemática de literatura en bases de datos en línea, según los ítems propuestos por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), que incluyen la identificación, selección e inclusión de la literatura consultada. Resultados: La búsqueda permitió la consulta de artículos científicos obtenidos de trece bases de datos en línea, publicados entre 2015-2023. Los estudios analizados demuestran la utilidad comprobada de las pruebas de inmunoensayo en la detección preliminar de drogas de abuso para la toxicología clínica y forense; así como, las limitaciones analíticas derivadas de su especificidad y selectividad ante factores interferentes. Conclusión: El material bibliográfico consultado permitió establecer la utilidad práctica y corroborar la importancia a nivel mundial de las pruebas de inmunoensayo en la detección de drogas de abuso y la su vez, determinar los principales interferentes que afectan su confiabilidad analítica para la toxicología clínica y forense. Área de estudio general: Criminalística. Área de estudio específica: Forense.
Molecular detection and adaptation of FMD virus serotype type O in BHK-21 cell line by RT-PCR
Authors: Ullah Md Ahsan , Hoque Md Najmol , Nasiruddin Khondoker Md , Rahman Md Bahanur , Rauf Farjana 
Published: July 2023

One of the viral diseases affecting both domestic and wild animals in many countries around the world is foot and mouth disease (FMD). The livestock sector has been suffering significant financial losses for many years as a result of the disease. The present research work was focused on the isolation, documentation and serotyping of the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus from different locations. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-O that is currently circulating in the BHK-21 cell line. All the tested samples were positive for FMDV and specific for serotype-O was 64.67-52.67% from tongue epithelium tissues and 30.67-16.67% from foot tissues respectively based on locations. In BHK-21 cell lines, the viruses caused cytopathic effects such as rounding, enlargement, intercellular bridge breakdown, and finally, death of cells, which shows the presence of the FMD virus under an inverted microscope. The BHK-21 cell culture fluid was found positive for FMDV in cell culture and also was positive based on CPE. Once more, the resulting inoculum was used to serotype the virus using RT-PCR. Based on the result of the RT-PCR method, the conclusion reached was that the serotype of the FMD virus was ‘Type O’.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2023, 9 (2), 14-22
Burden of campylobacteriosis in Bangladesh: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Islam Sk Shaheenur , Hoque Nazmul , Akhter AHM Taslima , Castellan David M , Samosornsuk Seksun , Samosornsuk Worada , Kabir SM Lutful 
Published: July 2023

Campylobacter is a prevalent zoonotic bacterial pathogen found in various food animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry. The increasing production of crossbred cattle in Bangladesh is aimed at meeting the demand for animal protein. However, this trend also poses public health risks associated with emergence of cattle-specific Campylobacter. It is probable that there is an increased probability of transmission of pathogenic Campylobacter among humans and animals, as well as within the farm environment. Nevertheless, it has been established that Campylobacter is also a significant contributor to childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to examine Campylobacter in animals and humans, including the risk factors that contribute to its occurrence, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and measures that can be taken to prevent and control its spread. The study has established predominant maintenance zoonotic Campylobacter in source animals and their burden in humans is enormous. Our research is primarily focused on promoting public health by improving cleaning and sanitation practices in animal farms, which can help reduce the amount of Campylobacter present in the environment. The data and insights provided in this article can be valuable for policy planners and public health experts who are working to create effective and sustainable strategies aimed at reducing the risks associated with Campylobacter infection over the long term.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2023, 9 (2), 38-50
OPTIMALISASI FINGER PRINT MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PEMBERIAN TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN
Authors: Luaylik Nur Fathin , Dohri Moh 
Published: July 2023

Dicipline is moral responsibility.Many employee and teacher in Junior High School 3 Jrengik come late dan back to home early. Pandemic situation COVID-19, which all employee have shift of work actively, so much have influence to insentive income totall. Forgetting to do a finger print when you come home from school and not being able to use the finger print tool is a daily problem. This can affect the amount of additional income that employees receive each month. The purpose of the study, for the basis of evaluating the level of discipline through an information technology system, is the use of digitally recording employee attendance levels. The research uses the implementation theory of Edwards III, with indicators of resources, disposition, communication, and bureaucratic structure. The results showed that communication was good and carried out intensively. Resource field, well done to reduce attendance list manipulation. Disposition indicators are quite good, namely helping employees to be disciplined. The bureaucratic structure is quite good, always prepare tissue near the finger print tool.AbstrakDisiplin merupakan kewajiban moral. Ada pegawai dan guru di SMPN 3 Jrengik datang terlambnat dan pulang lebih awal. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 di mana semua pegawai dibagi jam aktifnya di sekolah, maka semakin besar pengaruhnya terhadap jumlah tambahan penghasilan. Lupa melakukan finger print waktu datang sampai pulang sekolah dan tidak bisa digunakannya alat finger print menjadi persoalan kesehararian. Hal ini bisa mempengaruhi jumlah tambahan penghasilan yang diterima pegawai setiap bulannya. Tujuan penelitian,untuk dasar evaluasi terhadap tinkat kedisiplinan melalui sistem teknologi informasi yaitu penggunaan perekaman tingkat kehadiran pegawai secara digital. Penelitian menggunakan teori implementasi dari Edwards III, dengan indikator sumber daya, disposisi, komunikasi,dan struktur birokrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi sudah baik serta dilakukan intensif. Bidang sumber daya, cukup baik dilakukan untuk mengurangi manipulasi daftar hadir. Indikator disposisi, cukup baik yakni membantu pegawai bersikap disiplin. Struktur birokrasi cukup baik selalu menyiapkan tisu di dekat alat finger print.
Correction of irregular postkeratoplastic astigmatism in patients with cataract
Authors: Sinitsyn M. V. , Pozdeeva N. A. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is known to lead to the occurrence of post-keratoplasty astigmatism (PA) that is often of a high degree and irregular shape. Phacoemulsification (PE) with implantation of toric intraocular lenses (toric IOLs) is able to compensate for regular PA. However, this method is not effective enough with irregular PA.The aim was to conduct a clinical and functional analysis of the combined method for correcting irregular postkeratoplastic astigmatism (PA) in patients with cataract.Materials and methods. The study has been conducting from February 2018 to September 2022. We operated on 27 eyes (27 patients) aged 38 to 52 years. Of these, there were 17 men and 10 women. All patients with a history of 4–6 years ago underwent penetrating keratoplasty for stage IV keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration of the cornea. In all patients, an irregular form of PA was noted according to keratotopography. Surgical treatment of these patients took place in 2 stages. At the stage I, in order to correct irregular PA and increase sphericity and regularity of the penetrating corneal graft, MyoRing was implanted into the intrastromal pocket having been formed in it using a femtosecond laser. One year after the MyoRing implantation, the stage II was performed – cataract phacoemulsification (CPE) with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). The follow-up period after the CPE with the IOL implantation was 1 year.Results. One year after the MyoRing implantation into the penetrating corneal graft, a slight increase in visual acuity was noted. However, there was a pronounced decrease in corneal astigmatism by an average of 4.9 times, an increase in sphericity and regularity of the penetrating corneal graft according to keratotopography, as well as an increase in its biomechanical properties. One month after the operation, there was an increase in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) by 6.8 times and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) – by 3.9 times, a decrease in the cylindrical component of refraction to –0.65 ± 0.28 D that no longer changed.Conclusions. The combined method for correcting irregular PA in patients with cataract by MyoRing implantation into a penetrating corneal graft followed by CPE with IOL implantation showed a high refractive result, stability and safety in the late postoperative period.
Fence detection in Amsterdam: transparent object segmentation in urban context
Authors: Ypenga Jorrit , Sukel Maarten , Alavi Hamed S. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAccessibility and safe movement in urban areas entail infrastructure that minimizes the risks for pedestrians and bikers with diverse levels of abilities. Recognizing and mapping unsafe areas can increase awareness among citizens and inform city projects to improve their infrastructure. This contribution presents an example in which the specific objective is to recognize the unprotected areas around the canals in the city of Amsterdam.MethodThis is accomplished through running image processing algorithms on 11K waterside panoramas taken from the city of Amsterdam's open data portal. We created an annotated subset of 2K processed images for training and evaluation. This dataset debuts a novel pixel-level annotation style using multiple lines. To determine the best inference practice, we compared the IoU and robustness of several existing segmentation frameworks.ResultsThe best method achieves an IoU of 0.79. The outcome is superimposed on the map of Amsterdam, showing the geospatial distribution of the low, middle, and high fences around the canals.DiscussionIn addition to this specific application, we discuss the broader use of the presented method for the problem of “transparent object detection” in an urban context.
The value of left atrial longitudinal strain in evaluating left atrial appendage spontaneous echo contrast in non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ma Chang sheng , Sun Shi kun , Wang Li , Zhou Bing yuan , Dong Feng lin 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSpontaneous echo contrast (SEC) observed in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a reliable predictor of the risk of future ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Left atrial strain globally reflects atrial function, remodeling and distensibility. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a myogenic remnant of the left atrium, which can actively relax and contract. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an important part of releasing the pressure of the left atrium. The key role of the left atrium is to regulate the left ventricular filling pressure, act as a reservoir for pulmonary venous return during ventricular contraction, and act as a conduit, transferring blood to the Left ventricle during early ventricular diastole. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between left atrial function and left atrial appendage spontaneous echo contrast (LAASEC).MethodsA retrospective study of 338 patients with non-valvular AF was conducted. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography provided the following metrics of LA strain: LA strain during the reservoir phase (LASr), LA strain during the conduit phase (LAScd). LA or LAA has the dense SEC of more than grade 3, which is defined as mud like change or pre thrombosis.ResultsPatients with level 3 SEC (n = 81) has lower LASr than those with lower grades of SEC (n = 257) (7.20 ± 3.70 vs. 17.48 ± 8.67, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that the type of atrial fibrillation (persistent∼), increased heart rate, decreased LASr were independently associated with the dense LAASEC (OR (CI 95%), 5.558 (1.618–19.09), 1.016 (1.006–1.026) 0.002, 1.224 (1.085–1.381), both P &lt; 0.01). Venn Diagram showed that lower CHADVASC2 score groups had dense SEC cases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for analyzing results and selecting cut off values. The cut off point for LASr &lt; 8.85% and CHADVASC2 score was &gt;2 scores with sensitivity and specificity were 79% and 85%.ConclusionLower LASr is independently associated with the dense LAASEC in NVAF and has incremental values superior to clinical scores. The decrease of LASr may be a potential non-invasive parameter for evaluating the higher risk of LAA thrombosis.
Predictive nomogram for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma based on pathological and ultrasound features
Authors: Wang Denghui , Hu Ji , Deng Chang , Yang Zhixin , Zhu Jiang , Su Xinliang 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCentral lymph node metastases (CLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) are common, but management through prophylactic central lymph node dissection (pCLND) remains controversial. In this study, the independent predictors of CLNM in PTMC were retrospectively studied based on ultrasound and pathological data, and we aim to establish the prediction model to predict CLNM in PTMC.MethodsThis study included a total of 1,506 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for PTMC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2015 to 2018. Ultrasound and clinicopathological features were summarized and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors associated with CLNM. The prediction model is established and verified according to the multivariate analysis results. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to evaluate the effect of CLNM on survival.ResultsThe CLNM rate was 44.5% (670/1,506). Multivariate analysis showed that men, younger age, smaller diameter, ETE, microcalcification, without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and multifocal were independent risk predictors of CLNM. Nomogram has a good discriminative ability (C-index: 0.755 in the validation group), and the calibration effect is good. In the DCA curve, the CLNM prediction model performed better net benefit given any high-risk thresholds. The median follow-up time was 30 months (12–59 months), 116 cases were lost, and the follow-up rate was 92.8% (1,506/1,622). Of the 1,506 patients included, 12 (0.8%) experienced recurrence.ConclusionThe likelihood of CLNM can be objectively quantified before surgery by using this reliable and accurate nomogram that combines preoperative ultrasound with clinicopathological features. Clinicians can use this nomogram to assess central lymph node status in patients with PTMC and consider prophylactic CND in patients with high scores.
New potential biomarkers for early chronic kidney disease diagnosis in patients with different glucose tolerance status
Authors: Cassano Velia , Pelaia Corrado , Armentaro Giuseppe , Miceli Sofia , Tallarico Valeria , Perini Daniele Dallimonti , Fiorentino Vanessa T. , Imbalzano Egidio , Maio Raffaele , Succurro Elena , Hribal Marta L. , Andreozzi Francesco , Sesti Giorgio , Sciacqua Angela 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress, platelet activation, and endocan levels in renal dysfunction in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) patients with 1-h plasma glucose values ≥155 mg/dl (NGT ≥ 155), compared to NGT &lt; 155, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) newly diagnosed subjects. We enlisted 233 patients subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Materials and methodsThe serum levels of platelet activation (glycoprotein VI and sP-selectin), oxidative stress biomarkers (8-isoprostane and Nox-2), and endocan were evaluated using an ELISA test.ResultsAmong NGT &lt; 155 patients and the T2DM group, there was a statistically significant increase in 8-isoprostane (p &lt; 0.0001), Nox-2 (p &lt; 0.0001), glycoprotein VI (p &lt; 0.0001), and sP-selectin (p &lt; 0.0001) serum levels. Higher serum endocan levels were found with the worsening of metabolic profile (p &lt; 0.0001); specifically, NGT ≥ 155 patients presented higher serum endocan values when compared to NGT &lt; 155 patients (p &lt; 0.0001). From the multivariate linear regression analysis, 1-h glucose resulted in the major predictor of estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) justifying 23.6% of its variation (p &lt; 0.0001); 8-isoprostane and Nox-2 added respectively another 6.0% (p &lt; 0.0001) and 3.2% (p = 0.001).ConclusionOur study confirmed the link between 1-h post-load glucose ≥155 mg/dl during OGTT and the possible increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in newly diagnosed patients. The novelty is that we demonstrated a progressive increase in oxidative stress, platelet activation, and serum endocan levels with the worsening of metabolic profile, which becomes evident early during the progression of CKD.
Optimal glycated hemoglobin A1c value for prediabetes and diabetes in patients with pancreatic diseases
Authors: Chen Guanhua , Zhang Rui , Tan Chunlu , Liu Xubao , Yu Lei , Chen Yonghua 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSome articles suggest that using HbA1c alone for diabetes diagnosis is inappropriate. It requires considerable researches to explore the efficacy of HbA1c for diagnosing hyperglycemia in patients with pancreatic disease.MethodsThis study analyzed 732 patients, comprising of 331 without pancreatic disease and 401 patients diagnosed with pancreatic diseases. All participants underwent the HbA1c assay and oral glucose tolerance test. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess agreement between the HbA1c and glucose criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to calculate the optimal HbA1c value. DeLong test was analyzed to compared the aera under curves (AUCs).ResultsThere were 203 (61.3%) patients with NGT, 78 (23.6%) with prediabetes, and 50 (15.1%) with diabetes in patients without pancreatic diseases. In patients with pancreatic disease, 106 participants were diagnosed with NGT (36.4%), 125 with prediabetes (31.2%), and 130 with diabetes (32.4%). Patients with pancreatic disease exhibited elevated levels of bilirubin, transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total bile acid. The sensitivity and specificity of the HbA1c (6.5%) for diagnosing pancreatic diabetes were 60.8% (95% CI 52.3, 69.3) and 92.6% (95% CI 89.5, 95.7). In prediabetes, the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c (5.7%) is 53.2% (44.3, 62.0) and 59.6 (51.5, 67.6). The optimal HbA1c value for diagnosing diabetes was 6.0% (AUC = 0.876, 95% CI 0.839, 0.906), with the sensitivity of 83.8% and the specificity of 76.8%. The optimal HbA1c value for the diagnosis of prediabetes was 5.8% (AUC = 0.617, 95% CI: 0.556, 0.675), with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 48.0% and 72.6% respectively. The combined tests (HbA1c, 6.0% or FPG, 7.0mmol/L) presented the sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI 79.1, 91.3)and the specificity of 92.6% (95% CI 87.6, 97.3) in pancreatic diabetes.ConclusionFrom our results, the recommended HbA1c by ADA criterion may not be sufficiently sensitive to diagnose hyperglycemia in pancreatic disease. The optimal value of 5.8% and 6.0% improved the accuracy for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes and should be considered to be applied. Besides, we advocate the combination of HbA1c and FPG test for the diagnosis of diabetes in patients with pancreatic diseases.
Effect of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment on a cytokine profile in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Martonik Diana , Parfieniuk-Kowerda Anna , Starosz Aleksandra , Grubczak Kamil , Moniuszko Marcin , Flisiak Robert 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe severity of COVID-19 is associated with an elevated level of a variety of inflammatory mediators. Increasing evidence suggests that the Th17 response contributes to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, whereas Th22 response plays a regulatory role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two main types of available COVID-19 treatments are antivirals and immunomodulatory drugs; however, their effect on a cytokine profile is yet to be determined.MethodsThis study aim to analyse a cytokine profile in peripheral blood from patients with COVID-19 (n=44) undergoing antiviral or/and immunomodulatory treatment and healthy controls (n=20). Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their intracellular expression of IL-17A and IL-22 were assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsInitial results showed an overexpression of IL-17F, IL-17A, CCL5/RANTES, GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-10, CXCL-10/IP-10 and IL-6 in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Treatment with remdesivir resulted in a significant decline in concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-alpha and CXCL10/IP-10. Immunomodulatory treatment contributed to a significant downregulation of IL-10, IFN-alpha, CXCL10/IP-10 and B7-H3 as well as upregulation of IL-22 and IL-1 beta. A combination of an antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment resulted in a significant decrease in IL-17F, IL-10, IFN-alpha, CXCL10/IP-10 and B7-H3 levels as well as an increase in IL-17A and IL-1 beta. We found significantly higher percentage of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IL-17A and CD4+ T cells producing IL-22 in patients with COVID-19.ConclusionAdministration of antiviral or/and immunomodulatory treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and an upregulation of T cell absolute counts in most cases, thus showing effectiveness of treatment in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced cytokine overexpression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 as well as lymphopenia, particularly a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts. Moreover, despite the reduced counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, both subsets showed overactivation and increased expression of IL-17A and IL-22, thus targeting Th17 response might alleviate inflammatory response in severe disease.