bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gone with the wind: Negative genetic and progeny fitness consequences of habitat fragmentation in the wind pollinated dioecious treeBrosimum alicastrum
Authors: de Jesus Aguilar‐Aguilar Maria , Cristobal‐Pérez E. Jacob , Lobo Jorge , Fuchs Eric J. , Oyama Ken , Martén‐Rodríguez Silvana , Herrerías‐Diego Yvonne , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseHabitat fragmentation negatively affects population size and mating patterns that directly affect progeny fitness and genetic diversity; however, little is known about the effects of habitat fragmentation on dioecious, wind pollinated trees. We assessed the effects of habitat fragmentation on population sex ratios, genetic diversity, gene flow, mating patterns, and early progeny vigor in the tropical dioecious tree,Brosimum alicastrum.MethodsWe conducted our study in three continuous and three fragmented forest sites in a Mexican tropical dry forest. We used eight microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic diversity, gene flow via pollen distances, and mean relatedness of progeny. We compared early progeny vigor parameters of seedlings growing under greenhouse conditions.ResultsSex ratios did not deviate from 1:1 between habitat conditions except for one population in a fragmented habitat, which was female biased. The genetic diversity of adult trees and their offspring was similar in both habitat conditions. Pollen gene flow distances were similar across habitat types; however, paternity correlations were greater in fragmented than in continuous habitats. Germination rates did not differ between habitat conditions; however, progeny from fragmented habitats produced fewer leaves and had a lower foliar area, total height, and total dry biomass than progeny from continuous habitats.ConclusionsChanges in mating patterns because of habitat fragmentation have negative effects on early progeny vigor. We conclude that negative habitat fragmentation effects on mating patterns and early progeny vigor may be a serious threat to the long‐term persistence of tropical dioecious trees.
Gustatory dysfunction is related to Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kwak Il‐Youp , Kim Kyung Soo , Min Hyun Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction has been reported to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, gustatory dysfunction in PD has not been evaluated as in‐depth as olfactory dysfunction. We reviewed the previously published studies regarding gustatory function in PD patients and suggested the possibility that gustatory dysfunction may also be associated with PD.MethodsMEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched for studies evaluating gustatory function in PD patients. We used the standardized mean difference and a 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect analysis index regarding the taste strip test. The relative risk and 95% CI were used as the effect analysis index for the questionnaires and propylthiouracil (PTU)/phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) perception test. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots, Cochran's Q, and the I2 statistic; heterogeneity was considered high when I2 was over 75%. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and the Egger bias test.ResultsWe identified 19 articles that reported the results of gustatory function tests in PD patients and healthy controls. Most of these studies used various gustatory tests, including taste strips, questionnaires, taste solutions, PTU/PTC perception tests, and electrogustometry, and reported significantly lower gustatory function in PD patients than in the controls. However, several articles reported contradictory results.ConclusionsBased on these studies, gustatory dysfunction is closely related to PD. However, the number of studies and enrolled subjects was small, and a unified gustatory function test was lacking. Therefore, further studies with larger populations and normalized gustatory function tests are needed.
Detection of early proteomic alterations in 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease neonatal mouse model via MALDI‐MSI
Authors: Uras Irep , Karayel‐Basar Merve , Sahin Betul , Baykal Ahmet Tarik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by memory deficit and dementia. AD is considered a multifactorial disorder where multiple processes like amyloid‐beta and tau accumulation, axonal degeneration, synaptic plasticity, and autophagic processes plays an important role. In this study, the spatial proteomic differences in the neonatal 5xFAD brain tissue were investigated using MALDI‐MSI coupled to LC‐MS/MS, and the statistically significantly altered proteins were associated with AD. Thirty‐five differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the brain tissues of neonatal 5xFAD and their littermate mice were detected via MALDI‐MSI technique. Among the 35 proteins identified, 26 of them were directly associated with AD. Our results indicated a remarkable resemblance in the protein expression profiles of neonatal 5xFAD brain when compared to AD patient specimens or AD mouse models. These findings showed that the molecular alterations in the AD brain existed even at birth and that some proteins are neurodegenerative presages in neonatal AD brain.Highlights
Spatial proteomic alterations in the 5xFAD mouse brain compared to the littermate.
26 out of 35 differentially expressed proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Molecular alterations and neurodegenerative presages in neonatal AD brain.
Alterations in the synaptic function an early and common neurobiological thread.
Accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Islam Nayaar , Hashem Rola , Gad Maryse , Brown Aime , Levis Brooke , Renoux Christel , Thombs Brett D. , McInnes Matthew DF 
Published: March 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis systematic review evaluates the accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI).METHODSWe searched MEDLINE, PSYCInfo, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL (1995–2021) for studies comparing the MoCA with validated diagnostic criteria to identify MCI in general practice. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently, in duplicate. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for MoCA cutoffs were estimated using bivariate meta‐analysis.RESULTSThirteen studies [2158 participants, 948(44%) with MCI] were included; 10 used Petersen criteria as the reference standard. Risk of bias of studies were high or unclear for all domains except reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity were 73.5%(95% confidence interval: 56.7–85.5) and 91.3%(84.6–95.3) at cutoff <23; 79.5%(67.1–88.0) and 83.7%(75.4–89.6) at cutoff <24; and 83.8%(75.6–89.6) and 70.8(62.1–78.3) at cutoff <25.DISCUSSIONMoCA cutoffs <23 to <25 maximized the sum of sensitivity and specificity for detecting MCI. The risk of bias of included studies limits confidence in these findings.
Foundations and guidelines for high‐quality three‐dimensional models using photogrammetry: A technical note on the future of neuroanatomy education
Authors: de Oliveira André de Sá Braga , Leonel Luciano César P. C. , LaHood Edward R. , Hallak Hana , Link Michael J. , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. , Morris Jonathan M. , Peris‐Celda Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHands‐on dissections using cadaveric tissues for neuroanatomical education are not easily available in many educational institutions due to financial, safety, and ethical factors. Supplementary pedagogical tools, for instance, 3D models of anatomical specimens acquired with photogrammetry are an efficient alternative to democratize the 3D anatomical data. The aim of this study was to describe a technical guideline for acquiring realistic 3D anatomic models with photogrammetry and to improve the teaching and learning process in neuroanatomy. Seven specimens with different sizes, cadaveric tissues, and textures were used to demonstrate the step‐by‐step instructions for specimen preparation, photogrammetry setup, post‐processing, and display of the 3D model. The photogrammetry scanning consists of three cameras arranged vertically facing the specimen to be scanned. In order to optimize the scanning process and the acquisition of optimal images, high‐quality 3D models require complex and challenging adjustments in the positioning of the specimens within the scanner, as well as adjustments of the turntable, custom specimen holders, cameras, lighting, computer hardware, and its software. MeshLab® software was used for editing the 3D model before exporting it to MedReality® (Thyng, Chicago, IL) and SketchFab® (Epic, Cary, NC) platforms. Both allow manipulation of the models using various angles and magnifications and are easily accessed using mobile, immersive, and personal computer devices free of charge for viewers. Photogrammetry scans offer a 360° view of the 3D models ubiquitously accessible on any device independent of operating system and should be considered as a tool to optimize and democratize the teaching of neuroanatomy.
Caregiver‐implemented toilet training procedures for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Dabney Hope A. , DeVries Jordan , Jimenez‐Gomez Corina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder often exhibit deficits in daily living skills, including toileting skills. Previous studies have evaluated components of common toilet training practices, including differential reinforcement, sit schedules, fluid loading, underwear, and wet alarms. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous work by delivering all coaching remotely. Three caregiver‐child dyads participated in this study. A researcher coached caregivers on the implementation of the protocol using a modified behavioral skills training approach via telehealth. Caregivers submitted daily toileting data and weekly audio recordings for treatment integrity checks. The sit schedule fading was individualized to meet the needs and preferences of each family. All caregivers implemented the protocol with high integrity. Two participants met the mastery criteria at the 90‐min sit schedule and maintained performance at the 1‐ and 6‐week maintenance follow up probes. The third participant, despite an interruption of treatment, also reached mastery.
Fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation changes of specific cerebral regions in patients with toothache: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Yang Jun , Zeng Wan‐Xin , Cheng Jun , Kang Min , Liao Xu‐Lin , Ying Ping , Ling Qian , Zou Jie , Wei Hong , Wang Yi‐Xin , Su Ting , Shao Yi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that pain‐related diseases can result in significant functional alterations in the brain. However, differences in spontaneous brain activity in toothache (TA) patients remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with TA and its underlying mechanisms using the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging–fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (rsfMRI–fALFF) technique.MethodsTwelve patients with TA and 12 non‐toothache controls (NTCs) (matched for sex, age, and level of education) were enrolled. Spontaneous cerebral activity variations were investigated using the rsfMRI–fALFF technique in all individuals. The mean fALFF values of the TA patients and NTCs were classified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlations between fALFF signals of distinct brain regions and clinical manifestations of TA patients were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsTA patients showed lower fALFF values in the left superior frontal gyrus, medial; right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral; and left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri (LDCG) than the NTCs. Moreover, ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve of each cerebral region studied had high accuracy. Besides, in the TA group, the visual analog scale score was negatively correlated with fALFF signal values of the LDCG (r = .962, p < .001).ConclusionAbnormal spontaneous activity was detected in numerous brain regions in patients with TA, which may be valuable for understanding the brain processing mechanism underlying TA. These regional changes in brain activity may serve as effective clinical indicators of TA.
Non‐interventional, prospective, observational study on spasticity‐associated symptom control with nabiximols as add‐on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis spasticity in Austria
Authors: Guger Michael , Hatschenberger Robert , Leutmezer Fritz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeRandomized controlled trials and observational studies of nabiximols oromucosal spray in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity have shown improvement in a range of associated symptoms (pain, spasms, fatigue, bladder dysfunction, and sleep disturbances). This study evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of add‐on nabiximols in the routine management of patients with MS spasticity in Austria, with a focus on spasticity‐associated symptoms.MethodsThis was an open, prospective, multicenter, observational, non‐interventional study of patients with MS spasticity receiving add‐on treatment with nabiximols oromucosal spray. Main endpoints were patient‐reported changes from baseline in the frequency (counts) or severity (mean Numerical Rating Scale [NRS] scores) of spasticity‐associated symptoms, and patient‐reported changes from baseline in impairment of daily activities due to spasticity, after 1 and 3 months of nabiximols treatment. No analyses were conducted for statistical significance.ResultsThere were 55 patients in the effectiveness population, and 62 in the safety population. Patients reported clinically relevant reductions from baseline to month 3 in the average number of spasms/day (−68.2%) and number of urinary incontinence episodes (−69.3%) in the week prior to the clinic visit, and reductions in mean 0−10 NRS scores for sleep impairment (−47.2%), fatigue (−26.4%), pain (40.4%), and spasticity severity (39.0%). There was no change from baseline in daily activity impairment due to spasticity. The majority of patients were at least partly satisfied with add‐on nabiximols for spasticity‐associated symptoms. There were 31 adverse events (27 treatment related) reported in 19 patients, with no new safety signals.ConclusionsAdd‐on nabiximols improved the severity of MS spasticity and a range of spasticity‐associated symptoms during real‐world use in Austria. Nabiximols is an option for patients with MS spasticity who fail first‐line oral antispasticity treatment.
Forensic assessment instruments: Their reliability and applicability to criminal forensic issues
Authors: Rogers Richard , Tazi Kamar Y. , Drogin Eric Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForensic evaluations have advanced considerably with the development of specialized measures validated on forensic and correctional samples. Prior to this progress, such evaluations relied heavily on extrapolations from general psychological tests to crucial, legally relevant questions. Since then, decades of empirical work have produced forensic assessment instruments (FAIs) addressing psycholegal standards in addition to forensically relevant instruments (FRIs) examining issues central to forensic practice (e.g., malingering) but not the standards themselves. This article provides a critical examination of the development, validation, and modern applications of six published FAIs that each address one of three broad criminal forensic issues (i.e., insanity, competency to stand trial, and Miranda abilities and waivers). Evaluations of the measures' reliability and validity particularly in forensic samples are highlighted. To complement FAIs, FRIs related to response styles are briefly explored. As a primary goal, forensic practitioners are provided with the knowledge and background about FAIs to enhance their criminal forensic practices.
A prospective study of psychological distress among patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers
Authors: Teo Irene , Ng Sean , Bundoc Filipinas Gines , Malhotra Chetna , Ozdemir Semra , Steel Jennifer L. , Finkelstein Eric A. ,   COMPASS Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer can impact the psychological well‐being of both patients and their informal caregivers. We investigated the joint trajectories of psychological distress among Singaporean advanced cancer patients–caregiver dyads. We also examined predictors of trajectory group membership.MethodsThis study utilised data from 299 patients with advanced solid cancer and their caregivers over 33 months (12 times points). Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to examine the joint trajectories of patient anxiety, patient depression, caregiver anxiety and caregiver depression scores using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsFour joint trajectory groups were found: (1) Patient–caregiver low distress (27%), (2) patient–caregiver increasing distress (28.5%), (3) patient low‐ caregiver borderline distress (25%), (4) patient‐caregiver high distress (19.5%). Dyads where the patient is below 50 years of age were more likely to be in Group 4. Dyads where caregiver–patient emotional closeness was low were more likely to be in Groups 2 or 4 where dyads reported increasing/high distress. Dyads that reported financial inadequacy were more likely to be in Groups 2, 3 and 4, while dyads with caregivers who were employed were more likely to be in group 3.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of patients and caregivers reported anxiety and/or depression that lasted or increased throughout the study duration. We found significant heterogeneity in how dyads experienced psychological distress, suggesting that efforts should consider dyadic differences when providing psychological support. Particular focus should be placed on identifying dyads that are at risk and who require additional support.
Prior irinotecan exposure does not preclude benefit to liposomal irinotecan in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Kenneth H. , Cockrum Paul , Surinach Andy , Lamarre Neil , Wang Shu , O'Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubgroup analyses of the NAPOLI‐1 study identified that among patients who were irinotecan naïve prior to entering the clinical trial, a survival benefit was observed between the study arm and control arm. This treatment benefit was not observed among those previously exposed to irinotecan. This study sought to understand the impact of prior exposure to irinotecan on clinical outcomes among patients treated with liposomal irinotecan in the real‐world setting.MethodsThis retrospective observational study utilized a nationwide electronic health record (EHR)‐derived deidentified database. Data for adult patients with mPDAC treated with liposomal irinotecan‐based regimens between January 2016 and October 2020 were analyzed. Patient characteristics, overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed. Cox proportional hazard methods were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). HRs were adjusted for demographics and relevant clinical covariates.ResultsSix hundred and seventy‐five patients with mPDAC treated with a liposomal irinotecan‐based regimen were included. The unadjusted OS HR was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.6, p < 0.001) and unadjusted PFS was HR 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2–1.7, p < 0.001). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the adjusted OS HR was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8–1.3, p = 0.8836) and the adjusted PFS HR was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8–1.4, p = 0.5626).ConclusionsPrior irinotecan was not found to be a significant predictor of patient outcomes in those later treated with liposomal irinotecan. Thus, the results may inform the rationale for utilizing liposomal irinotecan combination therapy following prior irinotecan exposure in mPDAC, in particular where the prior irinotecan exposure was more distant in time.
Investigating the efficiency of lung multi‐disciplinary team meetings—A mixed methods study of eight lung multi‐disciplinary teams
Authors: Zasada Magdalena , Harris Jenny , Groothuizen Johanna , Aroyewun Eunice , Mendis Jeewaka , Taylor Cath , Hewish Madeleine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs), where treatment recommendations are discussed and agreed, are fundamental to effective cancer care. The increasing volume and complexity of caseloads has led to the need to transform MDTM pathways to improve efficiency and allow sufficient time for discussion of complex cases. Understanding of current functioning and inefficiencies is required to inform such transformation.MethodsA mixed‐methods observational study of all lung cancer MDTMs in one UK cancer network over 12 weeks (n = 8 MDTs, 96 MDT meetings). Data were collected on meeting attendance and on each discussed case using a validated MDT tool. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a range of MDT members and cancer service managers to gain understanding of perceived influences on the efficiency of MDTMs.ResultsIn total, 1671 case discussions were observed. Models of MDT working, including referral and diagnostic pathway management, varied within the network. Attendance was quorate in only 21% of the observed MDTMs, most often lacking palliative care specialists. Over a third (37%) of observed cases were repeat discussions pre‐diagnosis. Treatment recommendations were agreed in 48% of case discussions but deferred for a quarter (24%) of discussed cases, most commonly due to awaiting results. Information about patients' fitness for treatment and/or performance status score was available for 60% of cases discussed overall (30%–75% by MDT). Interviews (n = 56) identified addressing clinical and administrative workforce shortages, less reliance on the MDTM for pre‐diagnostic decision‐making and better availability of key clinical information about patients discussed in the MDTM as factors critical to improved MDT function.ConclusionsInefficiencies were prevalent in all MDTMs; improvements would require an individualised approach due to the variation in ways of working. Local, regional and national support is needed for lung MDTs to develop their diagnostic workforce and facilities, and clinical and administrative resource.
Competing risk model for prognostic comparison between clear cell type and common type hepatocellular carcinoma: A population‐based propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhong Xiao , Hu Xingwang , Fan Xue‐Gong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundClear cell type hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon neoplasm with an ambivalent prognosis compared to common type HCC.MethodsFirst, patients with clear cell or common type HCC were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and their demographic and clinical characteristics were identified. Next, overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and subgroup analysis of the two types of HCC were performed. Next, we utilized a competing risk model to focus on cancer‐caused death. Finally, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to reduce the confounding factors based on the histopathological type, and sensitivity analysis was conducted.ResultsA total of 205 cases of clear cell type HCC and 29,954 cases of common type HCC were enrolled in our study. Patients with clear cell type HCC were older and predominantly female than those with common type HCC. OS and DSS were not significantly different between the two groups, and histopathological type was not a prognostic factor of HCC, as verified by the competing risk model. Patient characteristics adjusted by PSM and sensitivity analysis confirmed this conclusion. In subgroup analysis, patients with clear cell type HCC at grade III ~ IV and with lymph nodes metastasis had a better prognosis compared to common type HCC.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the prognosis of clear cell type HCC is similar to common type HCC. Tumor differentiation grade and status of lymph node metastasis affect the prognosis of HCC.