bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Ambient Operating Room Temperature on Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Ambia Anne M. , Duryea Elaine L. , Wyckoff Myra H. , Tao Weike , McIntire Donald D. , Seasely Angela R. , Moussa Moussa , Leveno Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Newborn hypothermia has been implicated in neonatal morbidity without randomized evidence that it compromises the infant. Our objective was to determine if a difference in operating room temperature at cesarean birth impacts neonatal morbidity.
Study Design Women undergoing cesarean delivery of a liveborn infant without major malformations were included. The institutional preexisting operating room temperature of 20°C (67°F) was compared with an experimental group of 24°C (75°F) by cluster randomization assigned on a weekly basis. Newborn hypothermia was defined as axillary temperature on arrival to the nursery of less than 36.5°C (<97.7°F). The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity including respiratory support, sepsis, hypoglycemia, and neonatal death.
Results Between November 2016 and May 2018, 5,221 women had cesarean deliveries at Parkland Hospital with 2,817 randomized to the standard care group and 2,404 to the experimental group. The rate of neonatal composite morbidity did not differ between the groups: standard care 398 (14%) versus experimental 378 (16%), p = 0.11. This was despite a significant decrease in the rate of neonatal hypothermia: standard care 1,195 (43%) versus experimental 414 (18%), p < 0.001. There was no difference in the composite outcome for preterm infants (<37 wk) between the groups: standard care 194 (49%) versus experimental 185 (54%), p = 0.25.
Conclusion An 8°F increase in operating room temperature was significantly associated with a reduced rate of neonatal hypothermia, although this decrease was not associated with a significant improvement in neonatal morbidity. However, the increase in operating room temperature was met with resistance from obstetricians and operating room personnel. This trial is registered (registration no.: NCT03008577).
Antenatal Hospital Use among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Women
Authors: McKee Michael M. , Zhang Jianying , Akobirshoev Ilhom , McKee Kimberly , Mitra Monika 
Published: March 2023

Objective Hearing loss is increasingly prevalent among younger adults, impacting health and health care use. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) women have a higher risk of chronic diseases, pregnancy complications, and adverse birth outcomes compared with hearing women. Health care utilization patterns during the perinatal period remain not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine differences in antenatal emergency department and inpatient utilization among DHH and non-DHH women.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study design to analyze 2002 to 2013 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data to compare antenatal inpatient and emergency department use between DHH (N = 925) and hearing (N = 2,895) women with singleton deliveries. Matching was done based on delivery year, age at delivery, and birth parity in 1:3 case–control ratio. Demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and hospital characteristics were first compared for DHH mothers and the matched control group using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Multivariable models were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results Among DHH women (N = 925), 49% had at least one emergency department visit, 19% had an observational stay, and 14% had a nondelivery hospital stay compared with 26, 14, and 6%, respectively, among hearing women (N = 28,95) during the antenatal period (all ps < 0.001). The risk of nondelivery emergency department visits (risk ratio [RR] 1.58; p < 0.001) and inpatient stays (RR = 1.89; p < 0.001) remained higher among DHH women compared with hearing women even after adjustment. Having four or more antenatal emergency department visits (7 vs. 2%) and two or more nondelivery hospital stays (4 vs. 0.4%) were more common among pregnant DHH women compared with their controls (all p-values < 0.001).
Conclusion The findings demonstrate that DHH women use emergency departments and inpatient services at a significantly higher rate than their hearing controls during the antenatal period. A systematic investigation of the mechanisms for these findings are needed.
Key Points
Platelet Indices: Universally Available Clinical Adjunct for Diagnosing Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Kasirer Yair , Shchors Irina , Hammerman Cathy , Bin-Nun Alona 
Published: March 2023

Objective Platelet function parameters can be predictive of several adult diseases and their severity. However, few studies report on the association between platelet indices and neonatal diseases, specifically necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The objective of this study is to investigate whether platelet indices are associated with NEC diagnosis and NEC-related mortality.
Study Design We retrospectively examined records from infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of NEC, verified by the presence of pneumatosis on X-ray or pathology at surgery. We compared them with an age-matched group of prematures without NEC. We investigated platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) and delta platelets from birth to the time of NEC diagnosis or day of life 14 in the control group.
Results Sixty-nine infants with NEC and 78 control infants were studied. Basic sociodemographic data were similar in both groups. All platelet parameters measured—except for MPV—were significantly associated with NEC diagnosis. Although MPV was not associated with the diagnosis of NEC (p = 0.800), it was significantly associated with NEC-related mortality (p < 0.001). Only total platelet count and RPR were significantly associated with both NEC diagnosis (p < 0.0001) and mortality (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). On multivariable analysis only the change in platelet count from birth to time of diagnosis remained significant.
Conclusion While not definitive, this study demonstrates that these routinely available, inexpensive, and easily calculated platelet indices can provide a clinical adjunct in the often-elusive attempts to definitively diagnose NEC in preterm neonates.
Key Points
Parental Perceptions of Counseling Regarding Interpregnancy Interval after Stillbirth or Neonatal Death
Authors: Gibbins Karen J. , Heuser Cara C. 
Published: March 2023

Objective Although guidelines exist regarding optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI) after live birth, both optimal IPI and counseling regarding recommended IPI (rIPI) after stillbirth or neonatal death is not well established. Our goal was to describe the counseling bereaved parents receive regarding IPI, parents' reactions to that counseling, and actual IPI after loss.
Study Design Bereaved parents who had a previous pregnancy result in stillbirth or neonatal death participated in a web-based survey. Questions included demographics, details of stillbirth or neonatal death, IPI counseling, and pregnancy after loss. Demographic information, rIPI, and ac'tual IPI were reported using descriptive statistics. The Wilcoxon's rank sum test was used to test the association between rIPI and mode of delivery. The Spearman's correlation was used to test the association between rIPI and maternal age.
Results A total of 275 surveys were analyzed. Mean gestational age of stillbirth delivery was 33.1 (standard deviation: 6.6) weeks. A total of 29% delivered via cesarean. Median rIPI was 6 (interquartile ratio [IQR]: 2–9) months, with the primary reason for IPI reported as the need to heal (74%). Delivery via cesarean was associated with longer rIPI, 9 versus 4.2 months (p < 0.0001). Maternal age was not associated with rIPI. Of 144 people who pursued pregnancy again, median time until attempting conception was 3.5 (IQR: 2–6) months. Median actual IPI was 6 (IQR: 4–10) months.
Conclusion Bereaved parents receive a wide range of counseling regarding rIPI. The majority receive rIPI and pursue actual IPI shorter than current national and international recommendations for optimal IPI.
Key Points
The Influence of the Partner's Involvement in Antenatal Genetic Group Counseling on Pregnant individuals' Scores on Tests of Vital Knowledge Relating to Pregnancy
Authors: Anansirikasem Teerawat , Kongsomboon Kittipong , Hanprasertpong Tharangrut 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Physicians and other medical providers counsel patients to provide them with most important information and available medical service options. How to provide the most effective antenatal counseling is an important focus among experts. Our study focuses on the influence of the partner's involvement during antenatal genetic group counseling (AGGC). This study aimed to compare the ratio of pregnant individuals who have knowledge score improvement after AGGC, with a focus on pregnant individuals who attend counseling with/without their partner and to identify other possible factors that could influence the knowledge improvement.
Study Design A prospective cohort study was conducted. Pregnant individuals were assessed for their knowledge by using a self-questionnaire prior to and immediately after AGGC.
Results A total of 553 pregnant women were enrolled; 310 and 243 participants attended the AGGC without and with their partner, respectively. The ratio of the participants who increased their overall knowledge score was significantly higher after the AGGC for those who were with partner compared with those without. The medians (Q1–Q3) of the overall knowledge scores before and after the AGGC were 32 (29–36) and 36 (31–39) in the AGGC with their partner, respectively, and 33 (30–36) and 35 (32–39) in the AGGC without their partner, respectively. Knowledge of trisomy-21 screening of all participants got the lowest score and less improvement when compared with other topics.
Conclusion Partner's involvement in the AGGC was associated with a higher ratio of the participants who increased their overall knowledge score when comparing the scores prior to and immediately after the AGGC.
Pd-Catalyzed MIA-Directed Methoxylation of Phenylalanines: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Yu Fang , Tang Wen-Jun , Dai Shu-Min , Yuan Yue , Wang Shuai , He Yu-Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe direct methoxylation of substituted phenylalanines has been accomplished via methoxyiminoacyl (MIA)-mediated Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization. A diverse array of ortho-methoxylated phenylalanine derivatives are efficiently generated in good to high yields. KIE study has shown that the oxhydryl cleavage step is the rate-limiting step. The computational data show that the participation manner of methanol has a great influence on the energy barriers of transition states during the C(sp2)–O formation stage. The pathway containing stepwise deprotonation and reductive elimination is superior to that of a concerted deprotonation-methoxylation.
Behavior Problems in Children With Epilepsy (Age 6–14 years): A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Solanki Rahul , Ghanghoriya Pawan , Sisodia Deepti , Lazarus Monica 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
Epilepsy's psychological effects are variable, some may experience a few mental health issues while some may experience serious problems such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD), and mood disorders. Hence, there is a need to screen these problems at an early age for timely intervention. So, our study was conducted to determine the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy.

Material and Methods
This was a prospective observational study on 111 children, 6 to 14 years of age. The overall prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in childhood was determined by calculating the percentage of children with child behavior checklist score indicative of specific emotional and behavioral problems. The prevalence for specific morbidities was also calculated and reported separately for each condition. Results were presented in the form of tables, charts, graphs, and narratives.

Results
The overall prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was 38.7%. Attention problem (13.5%), aggressive behavior (10.8%), social problems (8.1%), and withdrawal/depression (6.3%) were the four leading syndromes. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was significantly associated with the age of onset of epilepsy, type of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, and antiepileptic drug therapy used by child.

Conclusion
As there is a higher prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy, age of onset, frequency of seizure, and duration of diseases were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of behavioral problems. Therefore, prompt and early screening for these problems, as well as integrated management consisting of pharmacotherapy, behavioral modification, parental education and counselling, psychotherapy and psychoeducation would help to reduce their effect in these patients.
Family Burden and Epilepsy Surgery in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Hoyer Sebastian , Makridis Konstantin L. , Atalay Deniz A. , Thomale Ulrich-W , Prager Christine , Elger Christian E. , Kaindl Angela M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction Family burden (FB) in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is significantly higher than that in children with non-DRE. Epilepsy surgery is an established approach to treat DRE, and this study examines the impact of pediatric epilepsy surgery on FB.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of families and pediatric patients with focal structural DRE treated with epilepsy surgery at our epilepsy center from April 2018 to November 2021. We examined the relationship between cognitive, behavioral, and epilepsy-specific data and the FB measured with the German version of the Impact on Family Scale before and after epilepsy surgery.
Results The study cohort included 31 children with DRE at a mean age of 9 years at surgery (range = 0–16) and a mean epilepsy duration of 3 years (range = 0–14). Cognitive impairment correlated with FB in children with DRE prior to surgery. At the last assessment, 14.5 months (mean, range = 6–24) after epilepsy surgery, 87.2% of patients were seizure-free, FB values had decreased by 75.0%, and behavioral problems had decreased by 85,7%. Cognitive functions remained stable following epilepsy surgery.
Conclusion In children with DRE, epilepsy surgery reduces FB. Given the considerable impact of families on the development and wellbeing of their children, the impact of epilepsy surgery should be communicated to affected families.
Platelet Parameters as Biomarkers for Thrombosis Risk in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Malte Anne Lind , Højbjerg Johanne Andersen , Larsen Julie Brogaard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Platelet count has been investigated as a predictor of CAT in various settings while knowledge on platelet activation parameters is sparse. This report provides a systematic review and meta-analysis on available literature on associations between platelet count and/or function and arterial and venous thrombosis in adult cancer patients. The review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PubMed and Embase were searched up to March 2022. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's tools were used for quality assessment. In total, 100 studies were included which investigated the association between CAT and platelet count (n = 90), platelet indices (n = 19), and platelet function/activation markers (n = 13) in patients with solid cancers (n = 61), hematological cancers (n = 17), or mixed cancer types (n = 22). Eighty-one studies had venous thrombosis as their outcome measure, while 4 had arterial thrombosis and 15 studies had both. We found significantly elevated odds ratio of 1.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.19–1.88) for thrombosis with higher platelet counts. We saw a tendency toward an association between markers of platelet activation in forms of mean platelet volume and soluble P selectin and both arterial and venous thrombosis. Only one study investigated dynamic platelet function using flow cytometry. In conclusion, platelet count is associated with CAT across different cancer types and settings. Platelet function or activation marker analysis may be valuable in assisting thrombosis risk assessment in cancer patients but is sparsely investigated so far.
Experimental evidence of shock wave measurements with low-velocity (&lt;100 m s−1) and fast dynamics (&lt;10 ns) capabilities using a coupled photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and triature velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) diagnostic
Authors: Boutoux G. , Chevalier J.-M. , Arrigoni M. , Berthe L. , Beuton R. , Bicrel B. , Galtié A. , Hébert D. , Le Clanche J. , Loillier S. , Loison D. , Maury P. , Raffray Y. , Videau L. 
Published: March 2023

We present a series of shock-wave measurements on aluminum based on the use of a simultaneous Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) and triature velocity interferometer system for any reflector. Our dual setup can accurately measure shock velocities, especially in the low-speed range (&lt;100 m s−1) and fast dynamics (&lt;10 ns) where measurements are critical in terms of resolution and unfolding techniques. Especially, the direct comparison of both techniques at the same measurement point helps the physicist in determining coherent settings for the short time Fourier transform analysis of the PDV, providing increased reliability of the velocity measurement with a global resolution of few m s−1 in velocity and few ns FWHM in time. The advantages of such coupled velocimetry measurements are discussed, as well as new opportunities in dynamic materials science and applications.
Radiation, optical, power flow, and electrical diagnostics at the Z facility: Layout and techniques utilized to operate in the harsh environment
Authors: Webb T. J. , Bliss D. E. , Chandler G. A. , Dolan D. H. , Dunham G. , Edens A. , Harding E. , Johnston M. D. , Jones M. C. , Langendorf S. , Mangan M. , Maurer A. J. , McCoy C. A. , Moore N. W. , Presura R. , Steiner A. M. , Wu M. , Yager-Elorriaga D. A. , Yates K. C. 
Published: March 2023

The Z machine is a current driver producing up to 30 MA in 100 ns that utilizes a wide range of diagnostics to assess accelerator performance and target behavior conduct experiments that use the Z target as a source of radiation or high pressures. We review the existing suite of diagnostic systems, including their locations and primary configurations. The diagnostics are grouped in the following categories: pulsed power diagnostics, x-ray power and energy, x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray imaging (including backlighting, power flow, and velocimetry), and nuclear detectors (including neutron activation). We will also briefly summarize the primary imaging detectors we use at Z: image plates, x-ray and visible film, microchannel plates, and the ultrafast x-ray imager. The Z shot produces a harsh environment that interferes with diagnostic operation and data retrieval. We term these detrimental processes “threats” of which only partial quantifications and precise sources are known. We summarize the threats and describe techniques utilized in many of the systems to reduce noise and backgrounds.
Patient and practice factors associated with HbA1c testing frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Australian general practice
Authors: Imai Chisato ‘Chrissy’ , Li Ling , Hardie Rae-Anne , Pearce Christopher , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Background Better adherence to guideline-recommended glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing frequency is associated with better glycaemic control and lower risk of complications such as chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study investigates patient and practice factors associated with adherence to guideline-recommended HbA1c testing frequency. Methods A cohort of type 2 diabetes patients who regularly visited general practices from 2012 to 2018 was identified from 225 Australian general practices. With the goal of ≤53 mmol/mol, Australian guidelines recommend HbA1c testing at least 6-monthly. Patient history of HbA1c tests from 2017 to 2018 was used to define adherence to guidelines, and the associations with patient and practice factors were examined by regression models. Results Of the 6881 patients, 2186 patients (31.8%) had 6-monthly HbA1c testing. Patient age and anti-diabetic medications were associated with adherence to 6-monthly testing. When financial incentives are available to practices, a larger practice was associated with better adherence to 6-monthly testing. Conclusions The identified key factors such as age, practice size, medication, and incentive payments can be used to target initiatives aimed at improving guideline-recommended monitoring care for patients with type 2 diabetes to enhance their health outcomes.
Autolysin-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis is required for the surface display of
Staphylococcus aureus
cell wall-anchored proteins
Authors: Leonard Allison C. , Goncheva Mariya I. , Gilbert Stephanie E. , Shareefdeen Hiba , Petrie Laurenne E. , Thompson Laura K. , Khursigara Cezar M. , Heinrichs David E. , Cox Georgina 
Published: March 2023

Peptidoglycan hydrolases, or autolysins, play a critical role in cell wall remodeling and degradation, facilitating bacterial growth, cell division, and cell separation. In
Staphylococcus aureus,
the so-called “major” autolysin, Atl, has long been associated with host adhesion; however, the molecular basis underlying this phenomenon remains understudied. To investigate, we used the type V glycopeptide antibiotic complestatin, which binds to peptidoglycan and blocks the activity of autolysins, as a chemical probe of autolysin function. We also generated a chromosomally encoded, catalytically inactive variant of the Atl enzyme. Autolysin-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis, in particular Atl-mediated daughter cell separation, was shown to be critical for maintaining optimal surface levels of
S. aureus
cell wall-anchored proteins, including the fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) and protein A (Spa). As such, disrupting autolysin function reduced the affinity of
S. aureus
for host cell ligands, and negatively impacted early stages of bacterial colonization in a systemic model of
S. aureus
infection. Phenotypic studies revealed that Spa was sequestered at the septum of complestatin-treated cells, highlighting that autolysins are required to liberate Spa during cell division. In summary, we reveal the hydrolytic activities of autolysins are associated with the surface display of
S. aureus
cell wall-anchored proteins. We demonstrate that by blocking autolysin function, type V glycopeptide antibiotics are promising antivirulence agents for the development of strategies to control
S. aureus
infections.