bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicative interactions between subpopulations of human T lymphocytes required for generation of suppressor effector function in a primary antibody response.
Authors: Morimoto C , Distaso J A , Borel Y , Schlossman S F , Reinherz E L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cellular interactions necessary for generation of human T suppressor effector function were examined in a primary in vitro antigen-specific anti-DNP antibody-forming system. During the induction of the anti-DNP response, it was found that T cells of both T4+ and T8+ subsets were necessary to suppress antibody formation, whereas after activation, only the T8+ subset was required. Thus, a population of T4+ T cells appears to be necessary to activate or induce a subset of T8+ cells to suppress. The T4+ suppressor inducer population, like the resting or activated T8+ suppressor effector subset, was sensitive to low dose irradiation. Moreover, the radiosensitive T4+ subset and the previously defined T4+JRA+ subset were shown to be functionally similar or complementary in that both were required for generation of suppressor effector function. These findings suggest that T-T interactions between radiosensitive T4+JRA+ T cells and radiosensitive T8+ T cells are necessary for suppression of primary antigen-specific antibody production in man.
In vitro alternative pathway activation of complement by the brush border of proximal tubules of normal rat kidney.
Authors: Camussi G , Rotunno M , Segoloni G , Brentjens J R , Andres G A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate which structures of the nephron, if any, are capable of directly activating the complement (C) system. To this end, two sets of experiments were performed. First, activation of C was assessed on sections of frozen kidney tissue, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique for the demonstration of C fixation. Second, glomerular or tubular fractions of kidney were incubated with normal fresh serum, and subsequent C consumption was measured. The data obtained support the interpretation that the brush border of proximal tubules activates the alternative pathway of the C system. This phenomenon may have pathogenic significance in conditions of aselective proteinuria.
High molecular weight lymphocyte surface proteins are structurally related and are expressed on different cell populations at different times during lymphocyte maturation and differentiation.
Authors: Sarmiento M , Loken M R , Trowbridge I S , Coffman R L , Fitch F W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
HMW lymphocyte surface proteins T20 and B220, which are expressed on T and B cells, respectively, have been found to be extensively related in structure, beyond what would be expected by the sharing of the determinant detected by monoclonal antibody 13/2. In addition, another HMW protein (T200A) has been discovered, which is preferentially expression proliferating T cells, and which exhibits significant structural homology with T200, but does not express the 13/2 determinant. T200A bears a novel antigenic determinant, detected by monoclonal antibody BS-S28E, which is not shared by either T200 or B220. A fourth HMW protein (170/100) has been found, which is expressed on most lymphocytes, but which is neither structurally nor antigenically related to T200A, T200, or B220. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with 170/100 inhibit T cell-mediated cytolysis, although monoclonal antibodies reactive with T200A, T200, or B220 do not.
T. cruzi: sensitization to macrophage killing by eosinophil peroxidase.
Authors: Nogueira N M , Klebanoff S J , Cohn Z A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we report that trypomastigotes of T. cruzi coated with eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) become sensitized to killing by normal macrophages that are unable to kill uncoated organisms. EPO bound to the surface of the organisms without affecting their extracellular viability. The intracellular killing of EPO-coated trypomastigotes could be inhibited by catalase and azide, suggesting that toxicity was mediated through the small amounts of hydrogen peroxide generated by the phagocytic event in normal macrophages and the peroxidatic activity of EPO. EPO-coated organisms could be killed in a cellfree system by the addition of H2O2 and either iodide, bromide, or chloride. Omission of H2O2 decreased but did not prevent the killing of trypanosomes by the cellfree system and this residual toxicity was abolished by catalase. This suggests that H2O2 generated by trypanosomes contributes to the death of EPO-coated organisms. EPO-coated organisms could also be killed extracellularly when exposed to normal macrophages at high parasite to cell ratios or when a high phagocytic load of another particle was given simultaneously. This effect could be inhibited by both azide and catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase. This suggests that enough H202 is released by phagocytosis of a high number of organisms to generate toxic concentrations of H2O2 outside the confines of the vacuolar system.
Induction of splenic T cell proliferation by lipid A in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells.
Authors: Mita A , Ohta H , Mita T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The stimulatory effect of alkali-treated lipid A on the in vivo proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was investigated by determining 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA after cell separation by nylon wool adherence. Our experimental model was the primary immune response against SRBC antigen. Mice received a single i.v. injection of alkali-treated lipid A 2 days post-immunization. The splenocytic IgG-plaque response was enhanced but the IgM-plaque response was not. On the 4th day postimmunization, 2H-thymidine uptake by the B cell population was not amplified. However, the splenocytic DNA content was increased in immunized, adjuvant-treated mice, and the radioactivity count in T lymphocytes of lipid A-treated mice was approximately twice that of lipid-untreated animals. We conclude that alkali-treated lipid A enhances T cell proliferation in mice immunized with red blood cells.
Serologic identification of early members of the T cell lineage.
Authors: Berman J W , Basch R S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The SC-1 antigen, identified by thymus-absorbed rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum, is present on multipotential stem cells. Its presence on cells of the T lineage has been examined by immunofluorescence, and we have demonstrated that it is also a marker for thymic development. Although it is present on the majority of fetal and neonatal thymocytes, its expression declines rapidly and, as early as 1 mo after birth, adult levels are reached. In normal animals, these do not change during adult life, even in mice destined to develop a T cell leukemia. SC-1 does reappear transiently on cells in the regenerating thymus of sublethally irradiated mice. Although the antigen is not associated with preleukemic changes in the thymus, it is expressed on some cells of all spontaneous T lymphomas, and it is uniformly present on tissue culture lines of T cell lymphomas.
Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. XII. Quantitative and qualitative differences between human autologous and allogeneic reactive T lymphocytes.
Authors: Kozak R W , Moody C E , Staiano-Coico L , Weksler M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The T cell populations that respond to autologous or allogeneic non-T cells are distinct, at least to a considerable extent. This conclusion is based on the differences in a) the size of the two populations; on the average one in 260 (individual frequency range, 1:149 to 1:417) T cells respond to allogeneic non-T cells whereas one in 3100 (individual frequency range, 1:2200 to 1:5000) T cells respond to autologous non-T cells; b) the phenotype of T cells activated in the MLR; autoactivated T cells were drawn predominantly from the OKT4-reactive T cell subpopulation, whereas alloactivated T cells activated in the allogeneic MLR were drawn from the OKT4, OKT5, and OKT8-reactive T cell subpopulations; and c) the specificity of activated and nonactivated T cells obtained on Percoll gradients after autologous or allogeneic MLR. Auto- or allodepleted T cells recovered from the 55 to 60% Percoll interface retained full alloreactivity or autoreactivity, respectively. However, auto- or alloactivated T cells recovered from the 40 to 50% Percoll interface showed secondary kinetics to allogeneic and autologous non-T cells. Whether the alloreactivity or autoreactivity found in autoactivated or alloactivated T cells, respectively, represents true cross-reacting T cells or T cells nonspecifically recruited during the MLR cannot at present be decided.
Ocular immune responses. I. Priming of A/J mice in the anterior chamber with azobenzenearsonate-derivatized cells induces second-order-like suppressor T cells.
Authors: Wetzig R P , Foster C S , Greene M I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We studied the cellular immune responses to ocular anterior chamber (AC) priming of mice. A/J mice primed subcutaneously with azobenzenearsonate-coupled spleen cells (ABA-SC) manifested delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in the form of footpad swelling when challenged 5 days later with the diazonium salt of ABA. Mice inoculated with ABA-SC in the anterior chamber at the time of subcutaneous priming, however, were tolerant to ABA. Subconjunctival inoculation with ABA-SC did not tolerize; rather it primed for DTH. Antibodies against ABA were not detectable in significant amounts in mice made tolerant by AC inoculation. The AC-induced tolerance was shown to result from hapten-specific T cell-mediated suppression. Suppressor T cells (Ts) arising from AC priming suppressed the efferent limb of the immune response and did not bear detectable cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) surface receptors. In these phenotypic and functional respects, AC-induced Ts differed from first-order Ts (Ts1) that result from i.v. priming. The results are discussed with respect to immune privilege and the anterior chamber of the eye.
Effect of leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, on allograft rejection and hemolysin formation.
Authors: Rice F A , McCurdy J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent investigations in this laboratory have established that daily treatment with leucogenenol, an enolic heterocyclic hormone synthesized by the thymus and/or thyroid, induces neonatally thymectomized mice that have accepted a skin allograft to reject this allograft in 7 to 14 days. Also, daily treatment with leucogenenol causes neonatally thymectomized mice to respond to challenge with sheep erythrocytes with the formation of normal titers of hemolysin. These results demonstrate that the hormone leucogenenol induces the development of those cells, absent in neonatally thymectomized mice, that are necessary for a normal immune response.
The relationship between competence for secretion of H2O2 and completion of tumor cytotoxicity by BCG-elicited murine macrophages.
Authors: Cohen M S , Taffet S M , Adams D O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BCG-elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ and A/J mice secrete H2O2 comparably to BCG-elicited macrophages from control C3H/FeJ mice in response to the pharmacologic stimulant phorbol myristate acetate. By contrast, BCG-elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ and A/J mice could not effect tumor cytotoxicity, whereas macrophages from the control C3H/FeJ mice could. When BCG-activated macrophages from C57BL/6J mice were held in culture overnight, their ability to secrete H2O2 in response to the pharmacologic trigger declined 40 to 60%; the presence of endotoxin in the overnight cultures did not alter competence for secretion of H2O2. By contrast, the cultured macrophages lost all of their cytolytic competence, but this competence could be fully maintained by the presence of endotoxin in the cultures. In three distinct circumstances, competence for secretion of H2O23 thus did not correlate with competence for completion of tumor cytotoxicity. The data imply that competence for release of H2O2 is not sufficient for completion of tumor cytotoxicity.
Fc receptors of mouse cell lines. I. Distinct proteins mediate the IgG subclass-specific Fc binding activities of macrophages.
Authors: Lane B C , Cooper S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To determine the biochemical basis for the two distinct IgG subclass binding specificities on mouse macrophage-like cell lines, Fc-binding proteins were isolated from P388D1 and J774 cells by affinity chromatography using immobilized IgG. Similar IgG subclass-specific Fc gamma-binding proteins were identified on both cell lines. The Fc-binding proteins were characterized by their IgG subclass binding specificity, size, charge, and trypsin sensitivity. Using immobilized IgG1, a protein was isolated with an average m.w. of 65,000 and a pI range of pH 4.7 to 5.8. This protein could also be isolated, although in reduced amounts, with immobilized IgG2b. Two proteins with average m.w. of 70,000 and 60,000 and a pI range of 3.8 to 4.7 were isolated with immobilized IgG2a. The 60-kd protein appeared to be derived from the 70-kd protein. The IgG1/IgG2b Fc-binding proteins were resistant to trypsin, whereas the IgG2a Fc-binding proteins were sensitive to trypsin. In IgG-binding studies with the isolated proteins, the IgG2a Fc-binding proteins continued to exhibit restricted binding specificity for the IgG2a subclass; however, the IgG1/IgG2b Fc-binding proteins showed a broader specificity and would rebind to IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. The IgG-binding properties and trypsin sensitivity of these Fc-binding proteins were similar to the properties of the IgG binding sites on the intact cells. These data indicate that the IgG subclass-specific binding sites on macrophage-like cell lines are due to the presence of distinct protein molecules on the cell surface.
Mechanisms of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. II. Analysis of immunity in hosts deficient in T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, or complement.
Authors: Sher A , Hieny S , James S L , Asofsky R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Laboratory mice with genetic or induced immunodeficiencies were vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and assayed 4 wk later for their resistance to challenge infection. Athymic nude mice failed to develop immunity to challenge or detectable antibody responses to schistosomula, whereas heterozygote (nu/+) controls and nude mice with thymus grafts displayed highly significant levels of resistance and anti-schistosomulum antibody. Similarly, no resistance or antibody production as observed in vaccinated mice that had been made deficient in B lymphocytes by the injection of anti-mu-chain antisera from birth. In contrast, normal levels of vaccine-induced resistance were observed in mice genetically deficient in the fifth component of complement (C5) and in mice decomplemented before challenge by treatment with cobra venom factor. These results indicate that the resistance to challenge infection induced by irradiated cercariae is both thymus and B lymphocyte dependent and therefore is likely to result from specific immune responses directed against schistosome worms. The data also argue against a role for complement in the effector mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity.
Analysis of the two-signal requirement for precursor cytolytic T lymphocyte activation using H-2Kk in liposomes.
Authors: Herrmann S H , Weinberger O , Burakoff S J , Mescher M F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Activation of primed pre-cytolytic T lymphocytes (pCTL) requires two signals: recognition of antigen (signal 1) and interaction with a nonspecific helper factor (signal 2). The two signals necessary for generation of a secondary allogeneic CTL response have been analyzed using H-2Kk in liposomes as the stimulating antigen. Use of the liposomes allows the alloantigen to be separated from responder cells after a brief exposure. Thus, the requirements for effective delivery of each signal could be studied independently. A 12-hr exposure of pCTL to alloantigen was sufficient for optimum signal 1 delivery. pCTL recognition of the antigen occurs during this time, and no requirement for adherent cells could be demonstrated. The structure of the antigen-containing liposomes affects the efficiency of pCTL triggering. Factor(s) necessary for signal 2 could be provided by supernatants from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Alternatively, it could be generated with alloantigen, providing that adherent cells were present. Optimum interaction of factor(s) with pCTL, i.e., optimum delivery of signal 2, occurred only if factor(s) was present at 12 to 24 hr after interaction of pCTL with alloantigen. The results suggest that alloantigen recognition triggers pCTL to synthesize and/or express receptors for the factor(s).
Oscillation of cell surface charge of human peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation with concanavalin A.
Authors: Uzgiris E E , Lockwood S H , Kaplan J H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were incubated with concanavalin A (Con A), and relative changes in cell surface charge were monitored by measuring cell electrophoretic mobility. Kinetic studies showed a time lag of 2.5 hr between exposure to Con A and development of a significant change in cell surface charge. The possible involvement of de novo synthesis of a factor was suggested by the following observations: 1) addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor, puromycin, abrogated the change in electrophoretic mobility; 2) supernatants obtained from cells incubated with Con A caused a mobility change in a separate group of lymphocytes not previously incubated with this mitogen; 3) supernatants obtained from cell suspensions treated with puromycin were inactive. The mobility response showed an oscillation of membrane charge ranging from a 1- to 1.5-hr period, which eventually disappeared after 8 hr at 37 degrees C. Cells at the minimum of the mobility oscillation were refractory to addition of active supernatants. This suggests the involvement at the lymphocyte surface of some cyclic metabolic process, or perhaps formation of receptor-factor complexes followed by endocytosis of these complexes with subsequent regeneration of the receptors on the cell surface.
Human B cell alloantigens; alpha subunit variability.
Authors: Markert M L , Cresswell P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human B cell alloantigens were studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The heavy (alpha) and light (beta) chains precipitated by xenoantisera were compared on B lymphoblastoid cell lines of different HLA-DR types. In accordance with the results of other investigators, we observed considerable electrophoretic variability of beta subunits. Significant electrophoretic differences between alpha subunits isolated from different cells were also observed through the use of a pH 5 to 7 gradient in the isoelectric focusing dimension. HLA-DR allelic products from a heterozygous line exhibited differences in beta subunit electrophoretic mobility but apparent identity of alpha subunits.
Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis. II. Cellular requirements for T cell transformation mediated by a soluble Mycoplasma mitogen.
Authors: Cole B C , Sullivan G J , Daynes R A , Sayed I A , Ward J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mitogenic property of supernatants from M. arthritidis cultures (MAS) is shown to be nonsedimentable, nondialyzable, labile to 56 degrees C for 1 hr, and active against spleen cells from both normal and germfree mice. Both viable M. arthritidis and MAS were active for T lymphocytes because anti-Thy-1 antiserum and C eliminated responsiveness. Spleen cells enriched for T lymphocytes by passage over nylon columns lost responsiveness unless supplemented with a radioresistant adherent cell population that was shown to bear Ia antigens. Evidence is also presented that the genetic control of T lymphocyte responses to the mycoplasma mitogen was exercised at the level of the Ia-bearing adherent cells. Thus adherent cells from positive responder mouse strains, but not those from nonresponder mouse strains, restored the responses of T cells from F1 hybrids between responder and nonresponder strains.
Specific binding of leukocyte inhibitory factor to neutrophil plasma membranes.
Authors: Klempner M S , Rocklin R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interaction of leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), a lymphokine that acts as a cell-directed inhibitor of neutrophil locomotion, with the plasma membrane of its target cell was studied. LIF bound specifically to intact neutrophils and to neutrophil plasma membrane vesicles but not to intact macrophages, erythrocytes, or plasma membrane vesicles obtained from these cells. Although LIF adhered tightly to the neutrophil plasma membrane and was not removed by extensive washing, LIF activity could be eluted with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Elution with galactose, fucose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine did not remove LIF from the neutrophil plasma membrane. Similarly, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, but not galactose, interfered with the binding of LIF to neutrophil plasma membrane vesicles. It is proposed that LIF binds to a high-affinity neutrophil plasma membrane site and that some intrinsic neutrophil locomotory abnormalities may represent tightly bound inhibitors of migration.
Trypanosoma cruzi: induction of microbicidal activity in human mononuclear phagocytes.
Authors: Nogueira N , Chaplan S , Reesink M , Tydings J , Cohn Z A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 patients with chronic Chagas' disease were examined for their ability to generate soluble factor(s) capable of activating human macrophages to a microbicidal state. Mononuclear cell factors (MCF) from all but one patient were capable of inducing macrophages to a state where they were able to kill trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Macrophage microbicidal activity against this organism was nonspecific, because it could be induced by lymphokine from PPD-positive subjects exposed to heat-killed BCG or by concanavalin A stimulation of normal donors cells. A factor(s) generated by the stimulation of mononuclear cells from normal donors by T. cruzi antigen did not induce macrophage microbicidal activity. Opsonization of the organisms with specific IgG did not alter their fate in normal macrophages, but enhanced their killing in MCF-activated cells. Induction of macrophage activation in the human system differed from the results previously described in mice in a few features: 1) Optimal microbicidal activity did not require daily addition of the soluble factors. 2) The MCF dose-response curve was shifted to lower concentrations. 3) MCF activity generated by antigen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes correlates with their proliferative responses to antigen. Half of the patients showed low proliferative responses and correspondingly lower MCF activity. Mitogen responses were normal in all patients. No correlation was found between low or high responses and clinical manifestations of disease.
A novel mitogen released by lipid A-stimulated bone marrow cells.
Authors: Gollapudi S V , Kern M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lipid A induced bone marrow cells derived from lipopolysaccharide responder strain C3H/HeN to release a component to the extracellular fluid that enhanced DNA synthesis of splenocytes derived from the lipopolysaccharide nonresponder strain C3H/HeJ. The mitogenic component was not selected when C3H/HeN splenocytes were used instead of bone marrow. The target cell in splenocyte populations responding to the mitogenic component released by lipid A-stimulated bone marrow cells is a B cell, as judged by the corresponding of individual cells undergoing DNA synthesis determined by autoradiograph and the presence of surface immunoglobulin detected by immunofluorescence. The mitogenic factor is heat-labile, sensitive to trypsin, and intensive to RNase.