bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sella Turcica Size in Women with Sheehan Syndrome—A Case–Control Study
Authors: Laway Bashir Ahmad , Sharma Atul , Choh Naseer Ahmad , Shaheen Feroze , Wani Arshad Iqbal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Sheehan syndrome is a common cause of hypopituitarism in developing countries. Among risk factors, in addition to post-partum haemorrhage, a smaller sellar volume is also believed to predispose to pituitary necrosis. Some earlier studies have reported smaller sellar volume in these patients but involved a small number of patients and lacked matched controls. The main of the present study was to study the sellar volume in a large cohort of patients with Sheehan syndrome and compare it with age- and parity-matched controls.

Methods:
Fifty women with Sheehan syndrome and an equal number of age- and parity-matched controls were studied. Baseline investigations, relevant hormonal assay, and MRI of pituitary were studied in all.

Results:
Sellar volume was significantly lower in patients with Sheehan syndrome (334.50 ± 129.08 mm3 in patients as against 456.64 ± 169.25 mm3 in controls, P = 0.000). Far more women with Sheehan syndrome than controls had decreased sellar volume (40% vs. 12%).

Conclusions:
Patients with Sheehan syndrome have a smaller sellar volume that may be a non-modifiable risk factor for the development of post-partum pituitary necrosis.
Type 2 Diabetes and Precursors in Community Dwelling Asian Indian Adult Youth
Authors: Jabbar P. K. , Nair Abilash , Chellamma Jayakumari , Jayakumar R. V. , Ramesh Jeena , Gomez Ramesh , Vishnu G. Giri , Voise Syamji , Soumya S. , Vijayakumar Karthik 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of Type-2-diabetes (T2DM) (24%) and prediabetes (18.1%) in Kerala. There is no community based study from South Asia regarding the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its precursors in the young adult population. This community based study was done to find the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its precursors in South Indian adult youth (18–30 years age) of Thiruvananthapuram district.

Research Design and Methods:
Cross sectional design was used for this study. Multistage cluster sampling was used to enrol community dwelling youth of 18 to 30 years, residing in Thiruvananthapuram district. Six panchayath wards from rural and urban regions and 4 from coastal area were randomly selected as the primary sampling units. Trained staff nurses conducted the survey with the help of accredited-social-health-activists (ASHA). Socio-demographic data, anthropometry, clinical features of insulin resistance, and random capillary glucose (CG) and blood pressure were assessed and recorded. Oral Glucose tolerance test or HbA1c was done for participants with a CG ≥130 mg/dl for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes.

Results:
A total of 1031 participants were included from the rural (n = 394), coastal (n = 269) and urban (n = 368) areas. Prevalence of hyperglycaemia i.e., T2DM and pre-diabetes was 0.48% (n = 5) and 2.4% (n = 25) respectively. Family-history of T2DM was present in 35.1% subjects. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal-obesity was 28.2%, 16.1% and 28.4% respectively. Clinical-features of insulin resistance (CFIR) were present in 27.1% subjects (acanthosis [17.7%], skin tags [1.7%] and PCOS phenotype [10.7%]). Among various anthropometric measurements and their derivatives, CFIR correlated best (r = 0.24, P < 0.01) with the product of BMI and the sum of abdominal circumference and hip circumference (Trivandrum Medical College [TMC] -adiposity-index), which is a newly proposed parameter. Hyperglycaemia was more common in males, did not correlate with waist hip ratio, and correlated best again with TMC-adiposity-index ((r = 0.13, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
The burden of insulin resistance in the young South Indian population, hitherto unknown in any community based study, has been studied for the first time. The prevalence of precursors of T2DM is high in this population. Early identification of ‘at risk’ individuals could provide a window of opportunity for preventing or delaying future diabetes and its long term complications. TMC adiposity index could become a valuable tool in the anthropometric assessment for predicting future T2DM.
Impact of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction on Cognitive Event-Related Potential in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ramachandran Madumathy , Priyadarsini Nibedita , Kar Manisha , Behera Kishore Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition that is responsible for various long-term complications. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications, but the underlying mechanisms are still undetermined. The autonomic imbalance is a major cause for CVS morbidity in T2DM which could also potentially affect cognition. But there is sparse data available in the literature to prove the association between autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment.

Methodology:
We recruited 40 T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls. The assessment of cognitive functions was done by cognitive P300 event-related potential (ERP) and MoCA. Heart rate variability (HRV) was done to assess autonomic function.

Results:
The P300 ERP latency in Fz, Cz and Pz sites was significantly prolonged in T2DM patients (P < 0.001). We found moderate correlation is present between P300 latency and total power (r = -0.466, P < 0.01) and LFnu (r = -0.423, P < 0.01) in T2DM patients. The total power and HbA1C show independent association with P300 latency after adjustment for confounding factors like age and duration of diabetes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
As the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is rising among T2DM patients increasing their dependency, making necessary lifestyle measures at earliest to improve autonomic balance may prevent or delay the onset of cognitive decline and alleviate its consequences and improve the quality of life in T2DM patients.
Germ Cell Tumors in 46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Misgar Raiz A. , Islam Mir Sajad U. , Mir Mohmad H. , Bashir Mir I. , Wani Arshad I. , Masoodi Shariq R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
To present the clinical data, investigative profile, management, and follow-up of patients with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis with germ cell tumors from the endocrine unit of a tertiary care university hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 3 cases of 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis with germ cell tumors evaluated and managed at the Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, over a period of 13 years from (September 2008 to December 2021).

Results:
Over a period of 13 years, we diagnosed and managed 7 patients with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis. This included 4 patients with pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD; Swyer syndrome), 2 patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD), and one patient with partial gonadal dysgenesis. Out of these 7 patients, three patients developed germ cell tumors, one patient with MGD, and two patients with pure PGD (Swyer syndrome). In all three patients, germ cell tumor was the first presentation of DSD. The patient with MGD presented with primary amenorrhea and virilization, while the two patients with PGD presented as phenotypic females with primary amenorrhea and pelvic mass. All three patients developed seminomatous cancers. Patient with MGD developed seminoma and the two patients with PGD (Swyer syndrome) developed dysgerminoma. The patients were managed with bilateral gonadectomy with removal of the tumor. In addition, the 2 patients with PGD (Swyer syndrome) received combined chemotherapy. On a follow up ranging from 1 to 10 years, all three patients are disease free.

Conclusions:
we conclude that germ cell tumors may be the first presentation of 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis. In all phenotypic females with primary amenorrhea and dysgerminoma, karyotype is a must to uncover the diagnosis of PGD. In addition virilization may be clue to the presence of germ cell tumor in a patient with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis.
A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study to Validate Insulin Sensitivity Index Cut-Offs for Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Indian Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes
Authors: Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Anuradha , Mondkar Shruti , Amutha Anandakumar , Uppal Saurabh , De Hriday , Ghosh Apurba , Khadilkar Vaman , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: July 2023

Background:
A previous study compared insulin sensitivity indices for the detection of double diabetes (DD) in Indian adolescents with type-1 diabetes (T1D) and derived a cut-off to predict future risk for the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents with T1D. We conducted the current study with the aim to validate these cut-offs for detecting DD among Indian subjects with T1D from various geographical locations.

Methods:
This multicentric cross-sectional study included 161 Indian adolescents with T1D. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected using standard protocols. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was calculated using various equations developed to determine insulin sensitivity in subjects with T1D. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Consensus Definition 2017.

Results:
We report 4.3% prevalence of MS in Indian adolescents with T1D with an additional 29.8% of study participants at risk of development of MS. Low High density lipoprotein (HDL) (23.6%) was the commonest abnormal component of the MS definition. Insulin sensitivity calculated by an equation derived by the SEARCH group was the most appropriate index to identify MS and metabolic risk in Indian adolescents with T1D. The proposed cut-off of 5.48 had high specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in identifying the risk of the development of DD.

Conclusions:
Insulin sensitivity calculated by the equation proposed by the SEARCH group together with cut-offs derived in earlier study may be used effectively to identify risk of development of MS/DD in Indian adolescents with T1D from various geographical locations.
Study of Association of Serum Prolactin Levels with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Sheoran Ankita , Agarwal Nagina , Mahto Subodh Kumar , Gupta Pulin Kumar , Gupta Kritika , Sharma Neera 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Prolactin (PRL) regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The study aimed to evaluate the role of PRL in glucose homeostasis and its association with insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods and Materials:
This cross-sectional, observational study included 100 patients (25–60 years) with T2DM. Primary information including demographics, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measures (complete blood count, glucose parameters, liver and kidney function test, lipid profile, thyroid function test, serum fasting insulin levels, serum PRL levels) was collected.

Results:
A total of 100 patients, 50 men and 50 women (25 premenopausal and 25 postmenopausal), were enrolled in this study. The correlation between serum cholesterol and PRL was found to be statistically non-significant (P = 0.129) in men and significant (P = 0.041) in women. There was an inverse relationship between fasting plasma glucose and serum PRL levels in both men (r = −0.88; P < 0.0001) and women patients (r = −0.768; P < 0.0001). Negative correlation between postprandial plasma glucose and PRL was found to be statistically significant (r = −0.398; P = 0.048) in postmenopausal women. The comparison in both men and women indicated an inverse correlation between serum PRL and glycated haemoglobin levels. There was a significant negative correlation between homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and PRL levels in both men (r = −0.362; P = 0.039) and women patients (r = −0.362; P = 0.003). Homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β), which directly correlates with residual pancreatic beta cell function, was positively correlated with prolactin levels, irrespective of gender and menopausal status of female subjects.

Conclusion:
Serum PRL levels correlate with improved glycaemic control.
Mental health literacy on youth depression and suicides for teachers and its impact on knowledge, attitudes and help facilitation: A preliminary study
Authors: Manjula Munivenkatappa , Roopesh Bangalore N. , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar , Mendon Gurucharan B. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depression and suicide are among the most prevalent mental health problems among the adolescents in India. However, help seeking is very poor due to lack of knowledge on mental health among youth and significant individuals in their life. Imparting knowledge to teachers becomes important as youth spend most of their time in the educational set up. The present study aimed at examining the effect of mental health literacy on depression and suicidal behaviours on knowledge, attitudes and help facilitation of teachers.

Materials and Methods:
The study adopted a stratified sampling method and a sample (N = 102) of high school teachers (8th–12th standard) from both private and government institutions in Bangalore were included in the study. A pre- and post-assessment, single group design with a follow-up after 3 months was adopted. Data were collected using the socio-demographic data sheet and questionnaire prepared to assess the knowledge, attitudes and help facilitation.

Results:
The mean age of the teachers was 41.74 years, with 80% female respondents and 58.8% of the sample with master’s degrees and diplomas in teaching. There was a significant increase in knowledge about the symptoms, consequences of depression and attitude toward depression and suicide. About 16% of the sample had taken steps to help students with distress and facilitated help seeking at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Mental health literacy programme has positive impact on the knowledge and helps in improving support and help facilitation behaviours among teachers.
Anxiety, depression, professional fulfilment and burnout: Public and private doctors’ differential response to CoVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Singh Virendra V. , Dutta Bikram K. , Singhal Ankit , Patra Priyadarshee , Gupta Anindya. K. , Mani Raghu N. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Covid-19 pandemic has been a challenge for healthcare system; the doctors in public and private setups are at the center of this challenge. Public and private doctors differ in personality and some occupational aspects. Do these differences reflect in their response to Covid?

Aim:
To study the difference in anxiety, depression, burnout, and professional fulfillment between doctors in public and private setup during Covid-19 second wave and to assess their coping strategies.

Methods:
A cross-sectional Internet-based observational study was conducted using Stanford PFI, GAD-7, PHQ-2, BFI-10, and brief COPE questionnaires.

Results:
A total of 114 public and 37 private doctors participated in the study. Doctors in private were older in age and deferred in personality profile. Significantly, more private doctors screened for anxiety disorder. 62.2% of private and 41.2% public doctors felt professionally fulfilled. Burnout and depression were not significantly different between groups. Active coping, acceptance, and planning coping were significantly more used by private doctors.

Conclusion:
There are differences how doctors in different setups respond to Covid-19, and there is need to understand these factors.
Content analysis of cyberbullying coverage in Newspapers- A study from Bengaluru, India
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Doraiswamy Padmavathy , Prabhu James Ranjith , Ajayan Adhasa , Priyankadevi S 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Cyberbullying affects the mental health of victims. Media especially print media plays a significant role in reporting of cyber-related crimes to the general public. A total of 549 leading English daily newspapers for a period of 6-months were reviewed. The data were content analyzed using frequently repeated themes/contents. Totally, 51 instances of individual cyberbullying stories were reported from 549 newspapers. Among the reported incidents of cyberbullying in the print media, online harassment and impersonation were the most common type of cyberbullying experienced by the people. The study highlights the need for framing local guidelines for reporting of cyberbullying incidents and preventive mechanisms in the print media.
Depression among Adolescents with Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Assessment
Authors: Singh Inder P. , Masih Abhishek 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The prevalence of depression among adolescents and young adults with acne vulgaris has varied widely in different studies.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of depression among adolescents with acne vulgaris as compared to age and gender-matched healthy adolescents. The effects of the severity of acne (and postacne scars), duration of acne, and treatment on the severity of depression among adolescents with acne have also been assessed in this study.

Methods:
The patient health questionnaire-9 was completed by each one of 1502 adolescents with acne vulgaris and 1500 age and gender-matched controls in this cross-sectional study. The association of prevalence and severity of depression with gender, duration of acne, grade of acne, treatments received, and presence and severity of postacne scars was explored by Chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for quantitative variables.

Results:
One hundred and thirty (8.65%) adolescents with acne vulgaris were diagnosed with depression, while only 5 (0.33%) healthy adolescents were diagnosed with depression (P = 0.005). Among adolescents with acne vulgaris, 2 (0.13%) had severe depression, 4 (0.27%) had moderately severe depression, 11 (0.73%) had moderate depression, and 113 (7.52%) had mild depression. There was no association of severity of depression with gender, grade of acne (and postacne scars), duration of acne, and treatment received.

Conclusion:
Acne and postacne scars are associated with a significant prevalence of depression among adolescents with acne independent of treatment received. Clinicians should consider incorporating depression screening and referral system in their workflow with adolescents who access them for acne treatment to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Early Neonatal Dermatoses: An Epidemiological Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Western Rajasthan
Authors: Choudhary Paras , Mehta Rajesh D. , Singh Kamaldeep , Mahla Vikas , Ghiya Bhikam C. , Sharma Divya , Dhanwal Ashok 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The spectrum of cutaneous manifestations during the neonatal period varies from transient self-limiting conditions to serious life-threatening ones. Transient and pathological neonatal dermatoses should be differentiated from physiological changes to avoid unnecessary treatment and to relieve parent’s stress.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and patterns of various dermatoses in early neonates and correlate these changes with maternal or neonatal factors; in the west region of Rajasthan, India.

Methods:
This hospital-based prospective study at a tertiary-level referral teaching medical center entailed recording detailed dermatological examination of 5000 early neonates having any physiological and/or pathological cutaneous changes.

Results:
A total of 5000 newborns were observed, there were 3248 (64.96%) male and 1752 (35.04%) female. Out of the total, 67.36% were full-term birth, whereas 30.44% were preterm and 2.2% were postterm newborns. Physiological skin changes (92.42%) were more commonly observed as compared to pathological changes (45.1%). The physiological skin changes observed in the order of frequency were sebaceous hyperplasia (65.32%), milia (51.12%), and physiological scaling (41.02%). Cutis marmorata (2.06%) and harlequin skin changes (1.06%) were seen more in preterms, weighing <2.5 kg. Miliaria was observed in 39% of neonates, due to the hot and humid environment at our place. Bullous impetigo was the most common infection observed in 199 neonates. The most common iatrogenic complication was caput succedaneum; noted in 160 neonates.

Conclusion:
Neonatal dermatoses are mostly transient and physiological, but these innocent dermatoses need to be differentiated from serious and aggressive pathological dermatoses to avoid unnecessary therapy.
Clinicopathologic features, chronic renal damage, and short-term outcomes of glomerular diseases in a middle east tertiary care center
Authors: Abdulaziz Hoda M.M. , Sayed-Ahmed Nagy , Atwa Dina A.I. , Nassar Mohammed K. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Glomerular diseases (GDs) place a significant burden on patients and health care systems, and they are a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. There is no national register for GDs in Egypt, and the outcomes of GDs are not extensively examined. As a result, studying GD patterns and outcomes, as well as the association between chronic renal injury at presentation and GD outcomes, was of great interest.

Patients and methods
Patients with biopsy-proven GDs presenting to an Egyptian tertiary care center were enrolled and prospectively followed up for 6 months, until death or reaching ESRD. Chronic renal damage was assessed at diagnosis by calculating the total renal chronicity.

Results
A total of 66 individuals with biopsy-confirmed GDs were enrolled in the study. Unexplained decrease in kidney function (62%), subnephrotic (23%), and nephrotic presentation (15%) were the most common reasons for a renal biopsy. The most common histological patterns were diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), membranoproliferative GN, and sclerosing GN. Primary and secondary GDs made up 30.3 and 69.7% of the cases, respectively. At the end of the 6-month follow-up, 28 patients had recovered their renal function, 19 had advanced to ESRD, and seven had died. Hemoglobin level and the total renal chronicity score were the best ways to predict how well the kidneys would get better.

Conclusion
In this tertiary care center Egyptian cohort, secondary GDs appeared to be more frequent than primary GDs, diffuse proliferative GN was the most common histopathological pattern, and rapid renal recovery was not the rule in this short period. The renal chronicity score could accurately predict the renal outcome.