bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner perceptions on the use of exercise and nutritional interventions for patients with breast cancer receiving radiation therapy
Authors: Feighan Laura , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley , Callister Robin , Surjan Yolanda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionRadiation therapy treatment for breast cancer may negatively impact patients' health‐related quality of life. Evidence suggests exercise and nutrition interventions may be beneficial to patients experiencing compromised health‐related quality of life. This study investigates whether radiation oncology practitioners support the implementation of a tailored exercise and nutrition intervention for patients and explores their interest in participating in training for exercise and nutrition as interventions.MethodsData were collected by an online survey, deployed to public and private radiation oncology departments, across three Australian states (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland). The survey was completed between June and August 2020. Radiation oncologists, radiation oncology registrars, radiation therapists and radiation oncology nurses completed the survey. The survey included demographics, patient assessment and questions regarding the radiation oncology practitioners' use of exercise and nutrition as interventions.ResultsOf 192 practitioners targeted, 76 completed the survey, for a response rate of 40%. Of 76 respondents, 42% ‘sometimes’ recommended exercise and 41% ‘sometimes’ recommended nutrition as health‐related quality of life interventions to their patients. The majority indicated they would benefit from more training in these subjects, with 58% for exercise and 55% for nutrition. 47 per cent of respondents thought patients would benefit from a tailored exercise and nutrition programme and 62% agreed they would refer patients to a programme if it were available.ConclusionsRadiation oncology practitioners reported they need training in exercise and nutrition to better understand how this can benefit the health‐related quality of life of breast cancer patients. Also, the findings indicate that if such an exercise and nutrition intervention were readily available, practitioners would refer patients who may benefit from this intervention.
Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis of the leg: A case report
Authors: Tiong Wen Shuo , Leong Sean , Chong Wei‐Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report a case of an unusually located site of acute localized exanthematous pustulosis in the right lower limb of a patient treated with beta‐lactams which resolved upon cessation. This case report highlights the need for vigilance as well as an index of suspicion for atypical presentations.
Impact of Insomnia on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Outcomes in the ADHERE Registry
Authors: Dhanda Patil Reena , Ishman Stacey L. , Chang Jolie L. , Thaler Erica , Suurna Maria V. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the preoperative prevalence of insomnia in the Adherence and Outcomes of Upper Airway Stimulation for OSA International Registry (ADHERE) and to examine serial sleep‐related data longitudinally, in particular the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), to compare outcomes between patients with no/subthreshold insomnia (ISI < 15) and moderate/severe insomnia (ISI ≥ 15) at baseline.MethodsWe analyzed observational data from ADHERE between March 2020 and September 2022. Baseline demographic and mental health (MH) data, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), ISI, and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) were recorded. At post‐titration (PT) and final visits, AHI, ISI, ESS and nightly usage were compared between baseline ISI < 15 and ISI ≥ 15 subgroups.ResultsA baseline ISI was obtained in 928 patients (62% with ISI ≥ 15). Of the 578 and 141 patients reaching the 12‐ and 24‐month time periods to complete PT and final visits, 292 (50.5%) and 91 (64.5%) completed the ISI, respectively. Baseline MH conditions were higher with ISI ≥ 15 than ISI < 15 (p < 0.001). AHI reduction and adherence did not differ between patients with baseline ISI ≥ 15 and ISI < 15. Patients with ISI ≥ 15 experienced greater improvement in ESS than ISI < 15 at post‐titration and final visits (p = 0.014, 0.025). All patients had improved nocturnal, daytime, and overall ISI scores at follow‐up visits (p < 0.001), especially for those with baseline ISI ≥ 15 compared with ISI < 15 (p < 0.05).ConclusionHGNS therapy efficacy and adherence were similar between ISI severity subgroups at follow‐up visits. Insomnia and sleepiness scores improved in all patients with HGNS therapy and to a greater degree in patients with baseline moderate/severe insomnia.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:471–479, 2024
Application of microbial antagonists as alternatives to chemical pesticides: A novel approach for enhancing plant growth and resilience of agricultural land
Authors: Hanif Asma , Abideen Zainul , Hasan Khwaja Ali , Ali Basit , El‐Keblawy Ali , Umar Muhammad , Rao Yamna , Siddiqui Zamin Shaheed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrobial inoculants for controlling soil pathogens are an environmentally sustainable approach for attaining agricultural intensification. Charcoal root rot pathogens might threaten global food security and degrade prime agricultural lands. Microbial antagonists to control charcoal root disease were not properly studied with reference to physiological and photochemical basis. This research was aimed to examine the impact of newly isolated microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) on growth and photosynthetic efficiency (photosystem II) in pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina)‐infected plants. The MBCAs (Purpureocillium lilacinum and Aspergillus terreus) were isolated and seeds were coated to improve soil fertility and resilience of agricultural lands. Both MBCAs inhibited the colonization of pathogenic fungus around the roots of host plants. Decline in growth traits was observed due to the detrimental impacts of root rot disease on growth parameters compared with plants treated with M. phaseolina. However, the growth of corn plants in both soils with and without M. phaseolina infestations was substantially improved by treating corn seeds with P. lilacinum and A. terreus. The pathogen drastically reduced the distinct parameters of photosystem II of photosynthesis. However, applying P. lilacinum and A. terreus significantly improved the total performance index (PItot), size, and the number of active reaction centers of photosystem II (Fv/Fo), electron transport rate, electron trapping per absorption (TRO/ABS), electron transport per absorption (ETO/ABS), electron transport per trapping (ETO/TRO), and the efficiency of light reaction (φEo) but downregulates nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Our study demonstrates that microbial antagonists offer a more effective, ecofriendly alternative to improve the land to sustainable agriculture.
Bragg Solitons – Historical and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tan Dawn T. H. , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolitons have been a subject of intense intellectual curiosity and an avenue for a plethora of applications since they are first observed in water waves. Optical solitons, in particular, have seen tremendous progress, starting from their first theoretical predictions in optical fiber in 1973. On the 50thanniversary of this seminal work from Haseagawa and Tappert, a review is provided on the progress in an important class of optical solitons, the Bragg soliton. Bragg solitons are optical solitons which exist in structures periodic in one dimension. The history of Bragg solitons is described, including the most salient advancements made both in theory and experiments. Recent progress made in integrated photonic devices and their associated design advantages are highlighted, with particular emphasis on how these have facilitated the realization of Bragg soliton dynamics on a chip and their optical processing functions. A discussion and future outlook for this burgeoning field provides a perspective on how Bragg solitons may impact the field of photonics and future applications.
Modification of Branched Poly(ethylene imine) with d‐Fructose for Selective Delivery of siRNA into Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Peschel Jan Matthias , Reichel Liên Sabrina , Hoffmann Tim , Enzensperger Christoph , Schubert Ulrich Sigmar , Traeger Anja , Gottschaldt Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBranched poly(ethylene imine) (bPEI) is frequently used in RNA interference (RNAi) experiments as a cationic polymer for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) because of its ability to form stable polyplexes that facilitate siRNA uptake. However, the use of bPEI in gene delivery is limited by its cytotoxicity and a need for target specificity. In this work, bPEI is modified with d‐fructose to improve biocompatibility and target breast cancer cells through the overexpressed GLUT5 transporter. Fructose‐substituted bPEI (Fru−bPEI) is accessible in three steps starting from commercially available protected fructopyranosides and bPEI. Several polymers with varying molecular weights, degrees of substitution, and linker positions on d‐fructose (C1 and C3) are synthesized and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis. In vitro biological screenings show significantly reduced cytotoxicity of 10 kDa bPEI after fructose functionalization, specific uptake of siRNA polyplexes, and targeted knockdown of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in triple‐negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) compared to noncancer cells (HEK293T).
YAP/TAZ: Molecular pathway and disease therapy
Authors: Wei Yuzi , Hui Victoria Lee Zhi , Chen Yilin , Han Ruiying , Han Xianglong , Guo Yongwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Yes‐associated protein and its transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (YAP/TAZ) are two homologous transcriptional coactivators that lie at the center of a key regulatory network of Hippo, Wnt, GPCR, estrogen, mechanical, and metabolism signaling. YAP/TAZ influences the expressions of downstream genes and proteins as well as enzyme activity in metabolic cycles, cell proliferation, inflammatory factor expression, and the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. YAP/TAZ can also be regulated through epigenetic regulation and posttranslational modifications. Consequently, the regulatory function of these mechanisms implicates YAP/TAZ in the pathogenesis of metabolism‐related diseases, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and the delicate equilibrium between cancer progression and organ regeneration. As such, there arises a pressing need for thorough investigation of YAP/TAZ in clinical settings. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate YAP/TAZ and explore the mechanisms of YAP/TAZ‐induce diseases and their potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we summarize the current clinical studies investigating treatments targeting YAP/TAZ. We also address the limitations of existing research on YAP/TAZ and propose future directions for research. In conclusion, this review aims to provide fresh insights into the signaling mediated by YAP/TAZ and identify potential therapeutic targets to present innovative solutions to overcome the challenges associated with YAP/TAZ.
Generalized methods for predicting biological response to mixed radiation types and calculating equieffective doses (EQDX)
Authors: Katugampola Sumudu , Hobbs Robert F. , Howell Roger W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPredicting biological responses to mixed radiation types is of considerable importance when combining radiation therapies that use multiple radiation types and delivery regimens. These may include the use of both low‐ and high‐linear energy transfer (LET) radiations. A number of theoretical models have been developed to address this issue. However, model predictions do not consistently match published experimental data for mixed radiation exposures. Furthermore, the models are often computationally intensive. Accordingly, there is a need for efficient analytical models that can predict responses to mixtures of low‐ and high‐LET radiations. Additionally, a general formalism to calculate equieffective dose (EQDX) for mixed radiations is needed.PurposeTo develop a computationally efficient analytical model that can predict responses to complex mixtures of low‐ and high‐LET radiations as a function of either absorbed dose or EQDX.MethodsThe Zaider‐Rossi model (ZRM) was modified by replacing the geometric mean of the quadratic coefficients in the interaction term with the arithmetic mean. This modified ZRM model (mZRM) was then further generalized to any number of radiation types and its validity was tested against published experimental observations. Comparisons between the predictions of the ZRM and mZRM, and other models, were made using two and three radiation types. In addition, a generalized formalism for calculating EQDX for mixed radiations was developed within the context of mZRM and validated with published experimental results.ResultsThe predictions of biological responses to mixed‐LET radiations calculated with the mZRM are in better agreement with experimental observations than ZRM, especially when high‐ and low‐LET radiations are mixed. In these situations, the ZRM overestimated the surviving fraction. Furthermore, the EQDX calculated with mZRM are in better agreement with experimental observations.ConclusionThe mZRM is a computationally efficient model that can be used to predict biological response to mixed radiations that have low‐ and high‐LET characteristics. Importantly, interaction terms are retained in the calculation of EQDX for mixed radiation exposures within the mZRM framework. The mZRM has application in a wide range of radiation therapies, including radiopharmaceutical therapy.
Expanding polymeric feedstocks for powder bed fusion via rational control of liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Guan Kaizhong , George Akan , Dadmun Mark D. , Bryant Jackson S. , Bortner Michael J. , Williams Christopher B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPowder bed fusion (PBF) is a promising technology in polymeric additive manufacturing, whose growth is inhibited by limited material options. In this manuscript, we report the use of thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) to controllably produce polymer powders of polypropylene that are suitable for PBF. Moreover, these studies provide crucial insight into the factors that govern the final size of the produced powder, offering fundamental insight that fosters the rational control of powder fabrication for PBF. More precisely, the impact of polymer concentration, molecular weight, and quench temperature on the size of the powder is demonstrated, where the particle size increases with solution concentration, quench temperature and molecular weight. The molecular weight dependence is consistent with a decrease in polymer solubility with an increase in chain length, while the solution concentration dependence can be explained by the relative fractions of the two phases in the precipitation process of polymer solutions. Careful analysis of the temperature and solution concentration dependence of the powder verifies that droplet coalescence is the governing mechanism in the phase separation‐based particle formation process. Therefore, this fundamental understanding provides pathways to use TIPS to produce powders suitable for PBF from a broad range of polymer solutions.
Significance ranking and correlation identification of accident causes in process industry based on system thinking and statistical analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhong Huayu , Shi Yudong , Zhao Tingsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccidents in process industry occur frequently with serious casualties and property losses. This paper builds an accident causation model of process industry based on system thinking by dividing the accident causation system into 4 subsystems and 22 factors. A combination of grey relational analysis and correspondence analysis is conducted to carry out a structured analysis of the collected data. The research contains three main parts: (1) Grey relational analysis is used to obtain the significance ranking of 22 cause factors in process industry, and three critical cause factors are identified as “Security inspection,” “Risk identification,” and “Security awareness.” (2) Through correspondence analysis, the correlations between three sets of variables are analyzed and the cause factors requiring focused attention are identified as “Electric spark,” “Temperature,” “Raw material control,” “Punching phenomenon,” “Equipment clogging,” and “Combustible gases.” (3) An intelligent monitoring scheme is developed for the critical factors of each subsystem, which aims to achieve real‐time monitoring and early warning by means of video surveillance and sensor placement for the human, equipment, and environment subsystems. The conclusions obtained from this study can be used to enhance the efficiency of safety management and reduce the probability of accident occurrence in the process industry.
Changing the paradigm for pesticide resistance management
Authors: Shaw David R , Asmus Amy B , Schroeder Jill , Ervin David E 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCollaborative action on the part of all stakeholders in pest management is essential to effectively address the challenges of pesticide resistance. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee, recently posted a report on pesticide resistance management and the role the Agency can play in these efforts. In this Perspective, we commend the Agency for acknowledging these needs, and encourage implementation of the recommendations. We urge all stakeholders to follow the example set by the EPA to engage openly, listen to other stakeholders, and determine their role as part of the broader community that is needed to address the challenges of resistance. Our contention is that pesticide resistance will continue to escalate until all stakeholders evaluate their roles in resistance management and work together as a community to influence effective management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance matching of common pesticides in banana plantations on the surface of banana leaves at different growth stages
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Duan Jieli , Zhang Zhihong , Xie Bowei , Yang Zhou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effective deposition of pesticide droplets on a target leaf surface is critical for decreasing pesticide application rates. The wettability between the target leaf surface and the pesticide spray liquid should be investigated in depth, with the aim of enhancing the adhesion of pesticide solutions. The wetting and deposition behavior of pesticides on target leaves depends on the properties of the liquid and the physical and chemical properties of the leaves. The physical and chemical properties of leaves vary with growth stage. This study aims to investigate the wetting behavior of banana leaf surfaces at different stages.RESULTSThe microstructures and chemical compositions of banana leaf surfaces at different stages were studied using modern methods. The surface structure of banana leaves exhibited a wide variety of characteristics at different growth stages, and the chemical composition changed marginally. The surface free energy (SFE) and polar and non‐polar components of banana leaves at different growth stages were measured by examining the contact angles (CA) of different test solutions on the surface of banana leaves. Previous research has suggested that changes in the CA and SFE correlate with changes in leaf surface wettability. In general, the new upper leaves of banana trees are composed of polar components and exhibit hydrophobicity. Non‐polar components become dominant as the leaf grows. The back surface of banana leaves was non‐polar at all growth stages, with a trend that was opposite to that of the front surface. The critical surface tension of the banana leaf surface at different growth stages ranged from 7.83 to 24.22 mN m−1, thus falling into the category of a low‐energy surface.CONCLUSIONThe surface roughness and chemical characteristics of banana leaves affected the wettability of the leaf surface. Differences in the free energy and the polar and non‐polar components of the leaf surface at were seen at different growth stages. This study provides a favorable reference for the rational control of pesticide spraying parameters and the enhancement of wetting and adhesion of the solution on banana leaf surfaces. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prevalence, definition, and etiology of cesarean scar defect and treatment of cesarean scar disorder: A narrative review
Authors: Tsuji Shunichiro , Nobuta Yuri , Hanada Tetsuro , Takebayashi Aike , Inatomi Ayako , Takahashi Akimasa , Amano Tsukuru , Murakami Takashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCesarean scar defects (CSD) are caused by cesarean sections and cause various symptoms. Although there has been no previous consensus on the name of this condition for a long time, it has been named cesarean scar disorder (CSDi).MethodsThis review summarizes the definition, prevalence, and etiology of CSD, as well as the pathophysiology and treatment of CSDi. We focused on surgical therapy and examined the effects and procedures of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and transvaginal surgery.Main findingsThe definition of CSD was proposed as an anechoic lesion with a depth of at least 2 mm because of the varied prevalence, owing to the lack of consensus. CSD incidence depends on the number of times, procedure, and situation of cesarean sections. Histopathological findings in CSD are fibrosis and adenomyosis, and chronic inflammation in the uterine and pelvic cavities decreases fertility in women with CSDi. Although the surgical procedures are not standardized, laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, and transvaginal surgeries are effective.ConclusionThe cause and pathology of CSDi are becoming clear. However, there is variability in the prevalence and treatment strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further studies using the same definitions.
Determination of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) in Selected Commercially Available Water‐Based Paints of Ethiopia by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Bismuth‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Muluneh Enidale Yazie , Mekonnen Menbere Leul , Debebe Siraye Esubalew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince the introduction of bismuth‐modified electrodes in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, it has been used to determine heavy metals in various matrices. However, most reports focused on water samples due to fewer sample treatment requirements. In this study, Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry technique with a bismuth‐modified glassy carbon electrode is reported for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium content in paints. Analysis of paint samples collected from three industries in Ethiopia showed excellent percent recovery values ranging from 97.99–102.07 %. The Pb and Cd contents in these products have not been reported yet. The limits of detection were 0.06 μmol/L for Pb(II) and 0.13 μmol/L for Cd(II). The concentration of Cd(II) is not in the detectable range (ND) in all paint samples. The concentration Pb(II) in paint samples of DH‐Geda (Green 3.41±0.62 ppm, Red 14.05±0.91 ppm, violate 11.23±1.08 ppm and White 12.04±0.57 ppm), Nefas silk (Green 2.95±0.29 ppm, Red 3.16±0.36 ppm, violate 7.42±0.83 ppm, and White 6.93±0.79 ppm) and Tsehay (Green 4.40±0.67 ppm, Red ND, Violate ND, and White ND). These results are cross‐checked with AAS and the result is almost the same. This method is not significantly influenced by the paint matrix and can be used as an alternative analytical method for the determination of heavy metals in the paint matrix. The amount of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the given paints are below the permissible levels based on the regulation of Ethiopia (90 ppm for Pb). Therefore, they are safe to use in the country.