bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematising ‘Fused Principles’ in Discourses of Preventative Social Care: Interpreting the Implementation of National Social Services Legislation in Wales, UK
Authors: Read Simon , Verity Fiona , Llewellyn Mark , Tetlow Sion , Richards Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Prevention is a core principle in social care legislation across the UK. However, history shows great variability in how a preventative social care agenda is conceptualised and implemented. We report findings from an independent evaluation of the implementation of the ‘2014 Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act’ incorporating a document analysis of reports and plans from Wales’ twenty-two local authorities (LAs) and eighty-eight qualitative interviews from social services strategic leaders and operational managers within four Welsh LAs. Analysis highlighted multiple interpretations of national policy, with notable overlapping agendas. In Gramscian terms, there is a constant process of negotiating prevention values and agendas, with consequences for whose interests are served. This was apparent through drives towards cost-saving, financial sustainability and reduced service demand operating alongside values-based principles rooted in well-being and mutualism. Following Kenny’s work in community development, we argue a ‘fusing’ of principles whilst espousing benefits for service users, potentially blurs the aims of the legislation, with implications for practice.
Sex-specific life-history trait expression in hybrids of a cave- and surface-dwelling fish (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae)
Authors: Riesch Rüdiger , Arriaga Luis R , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging populations. We focused on surface- and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and raised F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses to sexual maturity in a common-garden experiment. Hybrids were reared in a fully factorial 2 × 2 design consisting of lighting (light vs. darkness) and resource availability (high vs. low food). We quantified survival, ability to realize their full reproductive potential (i.e., completed maturation for males and 3 consecutive births for females) and essential life-history traits. Compared to the performance of pure cave and surface fish from a previous experiment, F1s had the highest death rate and the lowest proportion of fish that reached their full reproductive potential. We also uncovered an intriguing pattern of sex-specific phenotype expression, because male hybrids expressed cave molly life histories, while female hybrids expressed surface molly life histories. Our results provide evidence for strong selection against hybrids in the cave molly system, but also suggest a complex pattern of sex-specific (opposing) dominance, with certain surface molly genes being dominant in female hybrids and certain cave molly genes being dominant in male hybrids.
Age Differences in Thermal Pain Responses: A Direct Laboratory Comparison
Authors: Shackleton Delaine A , Castillo Louise I R , Hampton Amy J D , Volodin Andrei , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
According to a widely cited assertion, older adults are less likely than younger individuals to express pain complaints. Age-related differences in pain responses have been discussed in the literature despite a paucity of research involving direct comparisons of younger and older adults’ pain reactions (i.e., verbal, nonverbal) in the context of a single experimental investigation. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that older adults are more stoic than younger adults in their expression of pain.

Methods
We measured trait stoicism as well as multiple responses to thermal pain.

Results
In contrast to suggestions in the literature, equivalence testing indicated that older and younger adults displayed similar verbal and nonverbal pain responses. Our results suggest that older adults are no more stoic about their pain than are younger persons.

Discussion
This is the first attempt to explore a wide array of age differences in pain expression within the context of a single experimental study.
Speaking the Same Language: Team Science Approaches in Aging Research for Integrating Basic and Translational Science With Clinical Practice
Authors: Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J , Finkel Toren , Greenspan Susan L , Resnick Neil M , Brach Jennifer S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Research on aging is at an important inflection point, where the insights accumulated over the last 2 decades in the basic biology of aging are poised to be translated into new interventions to promote health span and improve longevity. Progress in the basic science of aging is increasingly influencing medical practice, and the application and translation of geroscience require seamless integration of basic, translational, and clinical researchers. This includes the identification of new biomarkers, novel molecular targets as potential therapeutic agents, and translational in vivo studies to assess the potential efficacy of new interventions. To facilitate the required dialog between basic, translational, and clinical investigators, a multidisciplinary approach is essential and requires the collaborative expertise of investigators spanning molecular and cellular biology, neuroscience, physiology, animal models, physiologic and metabolic processes, pharmacology, genetics, and high-throughput drug screening approaches. In an effort to better enable the cross-talk of investigators across the broad spectrum of aging-related research disciplines, a goal of our University of Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center has been to reduce the barriers to collaborative interactions by promoting a common language through team science. The culmination of these efforts will ultimately accelerate the ability to conduct first-in-human clinical trials of novel agents to extend health span and life span.
Rigidity of SUn-Type Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Batat Wafaâ , James Hall Stuart , Murphy Thomas , Waldron James 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We prove that the bi-invariant Einstein metric on $SU_{2n+1}$ is isolated in the moduli space of Einstein metrics, even though it admits infinitesimal deformations. This gives a non-Kähler, non-product example of this phenomenon adding to the famous example of $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{2n}\times \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{1}$ found by Koiso. We apply our methods to derive similar solitonic rigidity results for the Kähler–Einstein metrics on “odd” Grassmannians. We also make explicit a connection between non-integrable deformations and the dynamical instability of metrics under Ricci flow.
Rebel Governance of Marriage and Sexuality: An Intersectional Approach
Authors: Giri Keshab 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Extant research links forced marriage and sexual violence in rebel groups with their respective political projects, social control, and group cohesion. However, forced marriage and sexual violence are rare in many rebel groups, including the Maoists in Nepal who claimed to have a “progressive,” “scientific,” and “modern” framework for governing marriage and sexuality. In the light of this puzzle, I ask, what does a noncoercive/nonviolent rebel governance of marriage and sexuality mean for a rebel group's political project of social control and power? What is the gendered impact of such governance? Importantly, how does it impact female combatants at the intersection of multiple oppressions? Using abductive analysis of extensive interviews with female ex-combatants and their leaders, I build a theoretical explanation about the noncoercive/nonviolent governance of marriage and sexuality that is not just linked to the formation, consolidation, and legitimation of political agendas, but also enabled social control and political power for the Maoists. However, this further marginalized those female combatants who were already disadvantaged. I employ a feminist intersectional framework while critically reflecting on my own positionality. The implications of these findings extend beyond Nepal, illuminating dynamics of rebel governance and the complexity of war and postwar social organization.
Whole-genome sequencing confirms a persistent candidaemia clonal outbreak due to multidrug-resistant Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Daneshnia Farnaz , Hilmioğlu-Polat Süleyha , Ilkit Macit , Fuentes Diego , Lombardi Lisa , Binder Ulrike , Scheler Jakob , Hagen Ferry , Mansour Michael K , Butler Geraldine , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Gabaldon Toni , Arastehfar Amir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Although perceived as a rare clinical entity, recent studies have noted the emergence of MDR C. parapsilosis (MDR-Cp) isolates from single patients (resistant to both azole and echinocandins). We previously reported a case series of MDR-Cp isolates carrying a novel FKS1R658G mutation. Herein, we identified an echinocandin-naive patient infected with MDR-Cp a few months after the previously described isolates. WGS and CRISPR-Cas9 editing were used to explore the origin of the new MDR-Cp isolates, and to determine if the novel mutation confers echinocandin resistance.

Methods
WGS was applied to assess the clonality of these isolates and CRISPR-Cas9 editing and a Galleria mellonella model were used to examine whether FKS1R658G confers echinocandin resistance.

Results
Fluconazole treatment failed, and the patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB). WGS proved that all historical and novel MDR-Cp strains were clonal and distant from the fluconazole-resistant outbreak cluster in the same hospital. CRISPR-Cas9 editing and G. mellonella virulence assays confirmed that FKS1R658G confers echinocandin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the FKS1R658G mutant showed a very modest fitness cost compared with the parental WT strain, consistent with the persistence of the MDR-Cp cluster in our hospital.

Conclusions
Our study showcases the emergence of MDR-Cp isolates as a novel threat in clinical settings, which undermines the efficacy of the two most widely used antifungal drugs against candidiasis, leaving only LAMB as a last resort. Additionally, surveillance studies and WGS are warranted to effectively establish infection control and antifungal stewardship strategies.
The role of TMS 12 in the staphylococcal multidrug efflux protein QacA
Authors: Dashtbani-Roozbehani Abolfazl , Chitsaz Mohsen , Brown Melissa H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To elucidate the importance of a region in QacA predicted to be important in antimicrobial substrate recognition.

Methods
A total of 38 amino acid residues within or flanking putative transmembrane helix segment (TMS) 12 of QacA were individually replaced with cysteine using site-directed mutagenesis. The impact of these mutations on protein expression, drug resistance, transport activity and interaction with sulphhydryl-binding compounds was determined.

Results
Accessibility analysis of cysteine-substituted mutants identified the extents of TMS 12, which allowed for refinement of the QacA topology model. Mutation of Gly-361, Gly-379 and Ser-387 in QacA resulted in reduced resistance to at least one bivalent substrate. Interaction with sulphhydryl-binding compounds in efflux and binding assays demonstrated the role of Gly-361 and Ser-387 in the binding and transport pathway of specific substrates. The highly conserved residue Gly-379 was found to be important for the transport of bivalent substrates, commensurate with the role of glycine residues in helical flexibility and interhelical interactions.

Conclusions
TMS 12 and its external flanking loop is required for the structural and functional integrity of QacA and contains amino acids directly involved in the interaction with substrates.
Physiology, Vitalism, and the Contest for Body and Soul in the Antebellum United States
Authors: Riddle Jonathan D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, physiology became an increasingly popular and powerful science in the United States. Religious controversy over the nature of human vitality animated much of this interest. On one side of these debates stood Protestant apologists who wedded an immaterialist vitalism to their belief in an immaterial, immortal soul — and therefore to their dreams of a Christian republic. On the other side, religious skeptics argued for a materialist vitalism that excluded anything immaterial from human life, aspiring thereby to eliminate religious interference in the progress of science and society. Both sides hoped that by claiming physiology for their vision of human nature they might direct the future of religion in the US. Ultimately, they failed to realize these ambitions, but their contest posed a dilemma late nineteenth-century physiologists felt compelled to solve: how should they comprehend the relationship between life, body, and soul? Eager to undertake laboratory work and leave metaphysical questions behind, these researchers solved the problem by restricting their work to the body while leaving spiritual matters to preachers. In attempting to escape the vitalism and soul questions, late nineteenth-century Americans thus created a division of labor that shaped the history of medicine and religion for the following century.
Impact of Hospitalizations due to Chronic Health Conditions on Early Child Development
Authors: Fardell Joanna E , Hu Nan , Wakefield Claire E , Marshall Glenn , Bell Jane , Lingam Raghu , Nassar Natasha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the impact of hospitalization for chronic health conditions on early child development and wellbeing at school start.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of children starting school using population-based record linkage of routinely collected admitted hospital data and standardized assessment of early childhood development (Australian Early Developmental Census: AEDC). Developmental vulnerability (DV) was defined as children scoring &lt;10th centile in any one of five developmental domains. Children scoring &lt;10th centile on two or more domains were considered developmentally high-risk (DHR). Children hospitalized with chronic health conditions were compared to children without hospitalizations prior to school start.

Results
Among 152,851 children with an AEDC record, 22,271 (14·6%) were hospitalized with a chronic condition. Children hospitalized with chronic health conditions were more likely to be DHR (adjusted odds ratio 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18–1.31) compared to children without hospitalizations. Children hospitalized more frequently (&gt;7 times) or with longer duration (&gt;2 weeks) had a 40% increased risk of being DHR (1.40, 95% CI: 1.05–1.88 and 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13–1.74, respectively). Children hospitalized with mental health/behavioral/developmental conditions had the highest risk of DHR (2.23, 95% CI: 1.72–2.90). Developmental vulnerability was increased for physical health (1.37, 95% CI: 1.30–1.45), language (1.28, 95% CI: 1.19–1.38), social competence (1.22, 95% CI: 1.16–1.29), communication (1.17, 95% CI: 1.10–1.23), and emotional maturity (1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23).

Conclusions
Frequent and longer duration hospitalizations for chronic health conditions can impact early childhood development. Research and interventions are required to support future development and well-being of children with chronic health conditions who are hospitalized.
Development of optimization method for uniform dose distribution on superficial tumor in an accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy system
Authors: Sasaki Akinori , Hu Naonori , Matsubayashi Nishiki , Takata Takushi , Sakurai Yoshinori , Suzuki Minoru , Tanaka Hiroki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To treat superficial tumors using accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (ABBNCT), a technique was investigated, based on which, a single-neutron modulator was placed inside a collimator and was irradiated with thermal neutrons. In large tumors, the dose was reduced at their edges. The objective was to generate a uniform and therapeutic intensity dose distribution. In this study, we developed a method for optimizing the shape of the intensity modulator and irradiation time ratio to generate a uniform dose distribution to treat superficial tumors of various shapes. A computational tool was developed, which performed Monte Carlo simulations using 424 different source combinations. We determined the shape of the intensity modulator with the highest minimum tumor dose. The homogeneity index (HI), which evaluates uniformity, was also derived. To evaluate the efficacy of this method, the dose distribution of a tumor with a diameter of 100 mm and thickness of 10 mm was evaluated. Furthermore, irradiation experiments were conducted using an ABBNCT system. The thermal neutron flux distribution outcomes that have considerable impacts on the tumor’s dose confirmed a good agreement between experiments and calculations. Moreover, the minimum tumor dose and HI improved by 20 and 36%, respectively, compared with the irradiation case wherein a single-neutron modulator was used. The proposed method improves the minimum tumor volume and uniformity. The results demonstrate the method’s efficacy in ABBNCT for the treatment of superficial tumors.
The variational method of moments
Authors: Bennett Andrew , Kallus Nathan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The conditional moment problem is a powerful formulation for describing structural causal parameters in terms of observables, a prominent example being instrumental variable regression. We introduce a very general class of estimators called the variational method of moments (VMM), motivated by a variational minimax reformulation of optimally weighted generalized method of moments for finite sets of moments. VMM controls infinitely for many moments characterized by flexible function classes such as neural nets and kernel methods, while provably maintaining statistical efficiency unlike existing related minimax estimators. We also develop inference algorithms and demonstrate the empirical strengths of VMM estimation and inference in experiments.
Avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity treated with novel surgical technique using the combination of the side-locking loop suture technique and ring pins: a case report
Authors: Shota Morimoto , Tachibana Toshiya , Iseki Tomoya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 78-year-old woman complained of right heel pain when tripping during walking. Radiographs revealed an avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity. Because the bone fragment was displaced, a novel osteosynthesis using the side-locking loop suture (SLLS) and ring pins was performed. At 3 months after the surgery, non-contrast computed tomography revealed complete bone union. At 2 years postoperatively, she had no symptoms and dysfunctions. Here, we describe a case of avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity in a 79-year-old female who treated with a novel surgical technique using combination the SLLS technique and ring pins. This surgical technique may be a useful option in the treatment for avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity.
Semaphorin 3A levels in vascular and nonvascular phenotypes in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kayaalp Mehmet , Erden Abdulsamet , Apaydin Hakan , Güven Serdar Can , Armağan Berkan , Cağlayan Kayaalp Merve , Andac Uzdogan Esma , Ala Enli Şeymanur , Omma Ahmet , Kucuksahin Orhan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) plays a regulatory role in immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sema3A levels in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially in major vascular involvements such as digital ulcer (DU), scleroderma renal crisis (SRC), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to compare Sema3A level with SSc disease activity.

Methods
In SSc patients, patients with DU, SRC, or PAH were grouped as major vascular involvements and those without as nonvascular, and Sema3A levels were compared between the groups and with a healthy control group. The Sema3A levels and acute phase reactants in SSc patients, as well as their association with the Valentini disease activity index and modified Rodnan skin score, were evaluated.

Results
The Sema3A values (mean ± SD) were 57.60 ± 19.81 ng/mL in the control group (n = 31), 44.32 ± 5.87 ng/mL in patients with major vascular involvement SSc (n = 21), and 49.96 ± 14.00 ng/mL in the nonvascular SSc group (n = 35). When all SSc patients were examined as a single group, the mean Sema3A value was significantly lower than controls (P = .016). The SSc with major vascular involvement group had significantly lower Sema3A levels than SSc with nonmajor vascular involvement group (P = .04). No correlation was found between Sema3A, acute phase reactants, and disease activity scores. Also, no relationship was observed between Sema3A levels and diffuse (48.36 ± 11.47 ng/mL) or limited (47.43 ± 12.38 ng/mL) SSc types (P = .775).

Conclusion
Our study suggests that Sema3A may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of vasculopathy and can be used as a biomarker in SSc patients with vascular complications such as DU and PAH.
Putative application of Najas marina L. extracts as a source of bioactive compounds and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and genotoxic properties
Authors: Radojević Ivana D , Grujović Mirjana Ž , Milošević-Djordjević Olivera , Vukajlović Jovana Tubić , Marković Aleksandra , Grujičić Darko , Ćirić Andrija , Djelić Gorica , Topuzović Marina , Čomić Ljiljana R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this research paper, the total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF), and tannins (TT) content in the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Najas marina L. and the identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from the ethyl acetate extract were performed. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties of the mentioned extracts were investigated in vitro. The genotoxic potential was analyzed in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The TP and TF content was higher in the ethyl acetate extract, dominated by quercetin (172.4 µg mg−1) and ferulic acid (22.74 µg mg−1), while the TT content was slightly higher in the acetone extract. Both extracts tested showed limited antioxidant effects compared to ascorbic acid. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed with Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus (MIC and MMC at 0.31 mg ml−1) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC at &lt;0.02 mg ml−1), while antifungal activity was limited. Both extracts tested showed better activity on preformed biofilms. Acetone extract had no genotoxic activity but showed significant genoprotective activity against mitomycin C-induced DNA damage in cultured PBLs. Results of our research demonstrate the potential for the development of plant-based antibacterial and biofilm agents.
Coping With Crises
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Benton Tami D. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the scariest and hardest experiences when caring for someone with a serious mental illness. It explains how loving children will help to get through the experience even if kids who are struggling with bipolar disorder go further in becoming extraordinarily defiant, hostile, and aggressive. Parents need to have regular discussions with their children in an effort to be aware of and address what is going on in their respective lives. Moreover, the chapter discusses how to cope with manic episodes, psychosis, and self-harm. It suggests handling violence at home or calling the police on a child’s out-of-control behavior.