bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of polystyrene microplastic accumulation in tissues of vital organs including brain with histological and behaviour analysis on Swiss albino mice
Authors: Kaur Manjyot , Sharma Anju , John Placheril , Bhatnagar Pradeep 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plastic waste is persistent environmental pollutant, produced every year and cause unwanted ecological side effects. Microplastic (MPs) are small sized plastics found in cosmetics or those derived from degradation of larger plastic. MPs have shown harmful effects on both terrestrial and marine ecosystem. However, their effects on mammalian behaviour are scarcely studied. Recent reports indicated that toxic effects exhibited by MPs may vary with type, size, dosage, and duration of exposure. Specifically, how these MPs accumulate in vital organs including brain and affect behaviour of mice with different time period of exposure and dosage still needs to be investigated. Present study aimed to evaluate whether behavioural effects of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPs) exposure varies with different time period and doses in adult male Swiss albino mice. Animals were orally exposed to 0.1mg/ml and 1mg/ml PS-MPs (of diameter 2 µm) for acute (15 days) and sub-chronic (30 and 60 days) time period. After the exposure period animals were subjected to behavioural test for accessing general locomotor behaviour (open field test), anxiety related behaviour (elevated plus maze) and learning behaviour (Morris water maze). Results showed that PS-MPs exposed animals exhibited behavioural changes like decreased exploration in open field, increased number of entries and time spent in closed arms of elevated plus maze as compared to control animals; giving indications of anxiety like effects due to PS-MPs. Treatment to PS-MPs also altered cognitive behaviour of mice, as treated mice spent more time in locating the hidden platform in Morris water maze. We demonstrated that exposure to PS-MPs can induce anxiety and impair learning just after 15 days of low dose exposure, however effects became more pronounced with increase in dose and time period of exposure. Further histological observation revealed that PS-MPs were found to be accumulated in gut, liver, kidney, and brain. To better understand pathology behind the behavioural and neurologic findings of the present study we further analysed histological structures of PS MPs exposed mice brain areas i.e., cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. PS MPs exposure caused decrease in hippocampal pyramidal cells and affected neuronal architecture of brain areas (cortex, hypothalamus, and amygdala), related with cognition and anxiety like-behaviour of mice. Our study provides novel insight into how accumulation and exposure at various time periods and dosage of microplastic particle cause histological and morphometric changes in different brain areas like i.e., cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus which further lead to change in general and cognitive behaviour of mice.
Beyond Hazard Ratios: Appropriate statistical methods for quantifying the clinical effectiveness of immune-oncology therapies – the example of the Netherlands
Authors: Ramos Isaac Corro , Qendri Venetia , Al Maiwenn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Dutch Committee for the Evaluation of Oncological Drugs evaluates the effectiveness of new oncological drugs. The committee compares survival endpoints to the so-called PASKWIL-2023 criteria for palliative treatments. A positive recommendation depends on whether the median overall survival (OS) is below or above 12 months in the comparator arm. If the former applies, an OS benefit of at least 12 weeks, and a hazard ratio (HR) smaller than 0.7 are required. If the latter applies, an OS or progression free survival (PFS) benefit of at least 16 weeks, and an HR smaller than 0.7 are required. Nonetheless, the median survival time may not be reached and the proportional hazards (PH) assumption, quantified by the HR, is likely violated for IO therapies, deeming these criteria inappropriate.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review to identify statistical methods used to represent the clinical effectiveness of IO therapies based on trial data. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to August 31, 2022, limited to English papers. Methodological studies, randomized controlled trials, and discussion papers recognising key issues of survival data analysis of IO therapies were eligible for inclusion.
RESULTS
A total of 1,035 unique references were identified. After full paper screening, 17 publications were included in the review. Additionally, 43 papers were identified through ‘snowballing’. We conclude the current PASKWIL-2023 criteria are methodologically incorrect under non-PH. In that case, single summary statistics fail to capture the treatment effect and any measure should be interpreted in combination with the Kaplan-Meier curves. We recommend ’parameter-free’ measures, such as the difference in restricted mean survival time, avoiding assumptions on the underlying survival.
CONCLUSIONS
The HR is commonly used to assess treatment effectiveness, without investigating the validity of the PH assumption. This happens with the application of the PASKWIL-2023 criteria for palliative oncology treatments, which can only be valid under a PH setting. Under non-PH, alternative treatment effect measures are suggested. We propose a step-by-step approach supporting the choice of the most appropriate methods to quantify treatment effectiveness that can be used to redefine the PASKWIL-2023 criteria, or similar criteria in other clinical areas.
Linking Variations in Gangotri Glacier Features Mapped at a Large-Scale with Climate Variables
Authors: Mitkari Kavita Vaijanath , Sofat Sanjeev , Arora Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Reet Kamal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Changes in glacier area, glacial lakes, debris cover, and geomorphological features such as debris fans have a significant impact on glacial dynamics. Therefore, precise and timely observation and tracking of glacier surface changes is a necessity. The availability of high spatial resolution remote sensing images has made it viable to analyse the glacier surface changes at a local level. However, with increasing spatial resolution, the spectral variability increases, giving rise to additional challenges (such as false changes and misregistration) in the change detection process. These challenges can preferably be dealt with using object-based change detection approach than the conventional pixel-based change detection approach. In this study, a class-object change detection approach has been followed in which the independently classified objects from multi-temporal images are compared to detect the changes. As a case study, the changes in Gangotri Glacier (Uttarakhand Himalayas) features have been studied using high spatial resolution WorldView-2 image and Linear Imaging Self-Scanning System (LISS)-4 image for a three-year period 2011–2014. The spectral correspondences between glacier surface and non-glacier surface have been handled by considering brightness temperature and slope as ancillary data to improvise their distinction. A change detection accuracy of ~ 84% has been obtained using the OBCD approach.
RETRACTED: The Relation of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Computed Tomography Infiltrations of Suspected Covid-19 Patients in Emergency Department
Authors: Karaca Saltuk Bugra , Gulalp Betul , Muratoglu Murat , Sezer Rahime , Turnaoglu Hale , Akcay Muserref Sule , Kupeli Elif , Ates Eylem Gul , Colak Meric Yavuz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Myotonic dystrophy with cervical pulp deformation: A case report
Authors: peng lei , zhang Yanxing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type1 (DM1) is the most common autosomal dominant myopathy in adults. In this case, a 31-woman with myotonic dystrophy presented with the classic cephalic drooping syndrome, where the head hung forward due to posterior neck muscle weakness. The repeated mechanical pressure caused by posterior neck muscle weakness resulted in posterior longitudinal ligament hypertrophy pressing on the cervical pulp. Now a retrospective analysis of this case and the relevant literature were analyzed and summarized.
Advice to future family physicians: Findings from qualitative interviews with family medicine residents and early-career family physicians
Authors: Wang Sean , Buote Richard , Moritz Lauren R , Lavergne M Ruth , Marshall Emily Gard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Practice choices made by primary care providers shape services available to Canadians. Advice offered by residents and early-career family physicians may reveal challenges they have experienced and inform the choices of new residents. In this paper, we examine advice family medicine residents and early-career family physicians would give to new family medicine residents.
Methods
Sixty early-career family physicians and thirty residents were interviewed as part of a mixed-methods study of practice patterns of family medicine providers in Canada. During qualitative interviews, participants were asked, "what advice would you give [a new family medicine resident] about planning their career as a family physician?” We inductively analyzed responses to this question.
Results
Advice included the importance of having diverse experiences, unexpected aspects of family medicine, and taking care of yourself while practicing family medicine. Subthemes included the sustainability of family medicine, practical limitations of different practice models, and how payment models influence work-life balance.
Conclusion
Most advice mirrored current changes and challenges, suggesting that new residents must be prepared for the realities of practicing family medicine. Multi-modal systemic interventions may be needed to support family physicians throughout the changing reality of family medicine and ensure family medicine is an appealing specialty.
Echocardiographic markers at diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Pereira Sujith S. , Jacquemyn Xander , Kutty Shelby 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose Clinical parameters along with echocardiographic markers are used to interrogate the haemodynamics in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The aim of this study was to compare different echocardiographic markers in recent cohort of newborn infants with and without PPHN.Methods In this retrospective study, common echocardiographic markers were examined in infants > 34 weeks’ gestation with PPHN (cases) and without PPHN (controls). Infants with congenital heart disease were excluded. Binary regression testing was used to evaluate echocardiographic markers predicting PPHN and death. In addition, diagnostic accuracy testing of echocardiographic markers using ROC was also performed. Intra-observer reliability for echocardiographic markers was examined using coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation.Results Fifty-two infants were studied. 22 (42%) infants with PPHN had significantly higher oxygen requirement, oxygenation index and ventilation days when compared with controls. Echocardiographic markers such as TR Vmax, S/D TR, PAAT, TAPSE and eccentricity index (EI) were significantly different between cases and controls. Receiver operator characteristics analysis of echocardiographic markers revealed TR Vmax 0.96 (0.9-1.0), S/D TR 0.95 (0.87-1.0) and end systolic EI 0.94 (0.87-1.0). These markers were found to predict death in this cohort of infants. CoV and Intra-observer reliability was good for various echocardiographic markers.Conclusion Among the various echocardiographic markers studied, TR Vmax when present along with S/D TR and end systolic EI had good intra-observer reliability and were diagnostic of PPHN and predicted death in this cohort. Future trials could use these markers in studies examining PPHN.
Evaluation of Mechanical, Wear and Corrosion Properties of Microcrystalline Coating on Titanium Alloy OT4-1
Authors: Joshi Anoop , C Anush , K Chandrappa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Thin-film barrier coating on titanium alloy substrate has a vast range of applications among which aeronautic and marine applications are significant. Talking about 2 very different aspects, whose requirements and applications are way apart. Titanium has always been beneficial in both these products’ applications. The introduction of titanium in aerospace and marine locomotive parts will have significant importance on parameters like pressure withstanding capacity and corrosion resistance. Four different specimens of OT4-1 Titanium alloy will be coated with Titanium Nitrate (TiN), Aluminium Chromium Nitride (AlCrNa pro), Diamond-like Carbon (DLC), and Tungsten Carbide Carbon (WCC). All the above mentioned are coated for 4 µm over the substrate. TiN and AlCrNa pro coatings are carried out in the Arc evaporation method, DLC coating was conducted using Plasma-assisted Chemical Vapour deposition and WCC coating was performed using sputtering process. Here an attempt has been made to improve Hardness, Wear and Corrosion by introducing a thin film coating on the base metal OT4-1.
A study of the effect of half-day climatotherapy on changes in salivary cortisol levels.
Authors: Kanayama Hitomi , Kusaka Yukinori , Inoue Hiroyuki , Hirai Takayoshi , Agishi Yuko , Schuh Angela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We have previously reported these results, with the exception of salivary cortisol levels (Kanayama et al., submitted in 2022). This climatotherapy programme consisted of six sessions – four in the mid-mountain area and two in a flat park. For all sessions, the subjects underwent climatotherapy in the morning under slightly cool conditions. During each session, the subjects’ blood pressure, pulse rate, skin temperature, blood lactate, salivary cortisol and mood profile were recorded, and meteorological data were collected at the sites. We hypothesised that exercise habits, changes in mood profile and effective temperatures during the session, and physical exertion during the climatic terrain cure would affect salivary cortisol levels. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the determinants of the change in salivary cortisol levels. In the mountain setting, salivary cortisol was elevated, even though the sessions took place in the descending phase of the circadian salivary cortisol variation; however, the post-session cortisol increase was not significant. Increased post-session salivary cortisol was significantly associated with female gender, older age, higher BMI, lower body fat, less daily physical activity, increased blood lactate, increased 'Tension-Anxiety' and 'Depression-Dejection' moods, and decreased 'Anger-Hostility' mood. The increase in cortisol may have been due to older age, a predominance of females, and the increased blood lactate due to the mountainous terrain. In the flat park, the significant decrease in post-session salivary cortisol was related to the descending circadian phase of circadian cortisol variation and the low physical demands of the sessions.
Evaluating the nitrogen footprint of Korean native beef cattle farms: Uncertainty analysis and mitigation scenarios
Authors: Byun Jun Suk , Kim Tae Hoon , Ibidhi Ridha , Bharanidharan Rajaraman , Lee Yookyung , Kim Kyoung Hoon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) lost during beef cattle production accompanies various environmental risks and has become a rising concern among agricultural stakeholders. The objective of this study was to quantify the N footprint of Hanwoo beef cattle production in Korea at the farm gate through a life cycle assessment approach. Field surveys conducted on 106 farms across 9 provinces to identify regional distinctions in farming systems and evaluate total N losses from beef production. N losses were calculated using emission factors from the refined IPCC guidelines, which were then expressed as N footprint (g N lost/kg of live body weight (LBW)). Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were deployed to evaluate the precision of the results and identify factors that contributed to the output. The N footprint was averaged 132.8(± 61.9) g N/kg LBW and varied between provinces according to animal categories, manure management systems, land use and fertilizer application rates. Volatilization was the highest contributing factor, followed by leaching and denitrification, each representing 68.4, 21.4, and 10.1 percent of the N footprint. The contribution of fuel combustion was marginal. The uncertainty of the result was found to be 46.6 percent and was highly associated with emission factor uncertainties. We devised four feasible mitigation scenarios that are cost effective and do not penalize productivity, and evaluated their capacity for reducing N footprint: dietary modifications to decrease animal N excretion rates, microorganism additives to reduce volatilization from housing and manure storages recycling manure within the farm to replace synthetic fertilizers, and distributing biochar to the field after fertilizer application to curtail losses from crop production. Combining these scenarios demonstrated the potential to reduce 12.3 percent of the total N footprint. The extents of mitigation scenarios varied across provinces (ranging from 5.2 to 21.7 percent) and were shown to be contingent on feeding practices and type of crop cultivated. Overall, our study provides a national metric that can be utilized to communicate the environmental impacts of Korean beef production. The analyses indicate that more precise results could be achieved with future endeavors towards developing country-specific emission factors. The mitigation potentials of the presented scenarios propose possibilities for feasible and sustainable beef production in Korea.
Ketamine alleviates fear memory and spatial cognition deficits in a PTSD rat model via the BDNF signaling pathway of the hippocampus and amygdala
Authors: Teng Yue , Niu JiaYao , Liu Yang , Wang Han , Chen JinHong , Kong YuJia , Wang Ling , Lian Bo , Sun HongWei , Wang WeiWeng , Yue KuiTao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with traumatic stress experiences. This condition can be accompanied by learning and cognitive deficits. Studies have demonstrated that ketamine can rapidly and significantly alleviate symptoms in patients with chronic PTSD. Nonetheless, the effects of ketamine on neurocognitive impairment and its mechanism of action in PTSD remain unclear.
Methods
In this study, different concentrations of ketamine (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated in rat models of single prolonged stress and electropodic shock (SPS&S). Expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMG) were determined by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry.
Results
The data showed that rats subjected to SPS&S exhibited significant PTSD-like cognitive impairment. The effect of ketamine on SPS&S-induced neurocognitive function showed a U-shaped dose effect in rats. A single administration of ketamine at a dosage of 10–15mg/kg resulted in significant changes in behavioral outcomes. These manifestations of improvements in cognitive function and molecular changes were reversed at high doses (15–20mg/kg).
Conclusion
Overall, ketamine reversed SPS&S-induced fear and spatial memory impairment and the down-regulation of BDNF and BDNF-related PSD-95 signaling in the HIP and AMG. A dose equal to 15 mg/kg rapidly reversed the behavioral and molecular changes, and promoted the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction. The enhanced association of BDNF signaling with PSD-95 effects could be involved in the therapeutic efficiency of ketamine for PTSD.
Supporting women with intellectual disabilities in infant feeding decisions: A focus group study
Authors: Douglass Emma , Johnson Clare , Lucas Geraldine , Dowling Sally 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
More women with intellectual disabilities are becoming mothers but fewer are known to breastfeed compared with other women. This article reports on the final stage of a three-part UK project aimed at exploring how women with intellectual disabilities are supported to make infant feeding decisions. The first, a scoping review of published literature and resources, explored how women with intellectual disabilities are supported to make infant feeding decisions with a specific focus on the visual images used. In the second, health professionals with experience of working with women with intellectual disabilities were interviewed about their experience in supporting infant feeding decisions. The findings from these studies have been published elsewhere. The final stage, discussed in this article, involved asking women with intellectual disabilities to attend a focus group to discuss the accessibility of currently available infant feeding resources. This was followed by the co-production of an accessible film, to disseminate the findings from all three stages of the completed project.
Methods
Four women with an intellectual disability participated in a focus group where they were asked to give their views on the accessibility of currently available infant feeding resources as well as on alternative representations of infant feeding. Photo elicitation was used to gather views on a selection of videos, bespoke ‘easy read’ material and several alternative representations of infant feeding. A transcription of the focus group discussion was thematically analysed whilst a critical visual analysis was undertaken of the women's preferred images/resources.
Results
Two themes were identified from the group discussion: ‘The desire for choice’ and ‘How easy is ‘easy read’?’ Critical visual analysis identified the importance of the story and social setting of the preferred infant feeding image.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest a need for a suite of resources, avoiding the one-size-fits-all approach and including people with an intellectual disability at every stage of the design and production process. Resources should recognise and embrace differences in terms of understanding, visual literacy and cultural taste, as well as being freely available to support women with intellectual disabilities to make informed infant feeding decisions.
L log L type Estimates for Commutators of Fractional Integral Operators on the p-Adic Vector Space
Authors: Chang Yunpeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In this paper, the main aim is to prove the weak type L log L estimates for commutators of fractional integral operators and the higher order in the context of the p-adic version of Lebesgue spaces, where the symbols of the commutators belong to the p-adic version of BMO space, in addition, we also establish the estimates of the sharp function on the p-adic vector space.
AMS(2020) Subject Classification 42B35, 11E95, 26A33, 26D10