bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Roughness Modelling of the Micromechanically Patterned CNT
Forests
Authors: Mohd Razib Mohd Asyraf , Saleh Tanveer , Rana Masud , Islam Saiful , Muthalif Asan G.A. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
A new method of modelling surface roughness of the resultant structure from
various parameters in the microforming of CNT forests has been developed. One of the top-down microforming
methods of CNT forests is called micromechanical bending (M2B). The method uses a
high-speed rotating spindle to compact and flatten the surface of CNT forests. It results in the surface
structure becoming smoother and increased reflectance of the surface. The reason for this phenomenon
is the porosity that decreases by bending CNTs, hence preventing light from passing through. Moreover,
the surface roughness is also significantly reduced. However, a study has yet to be conducted to
estimate the theoretical value of surface roughness from the identified parameters.

Aim:
This research aims to develop an approach to model the surface roughness of resultant surface
from a set of parameters in a micropatterning method.

Methods:
Experiments were conducted using a CNC machine to pattern onto CNT Forests using specific
parameters, such as 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm (spindle speed) with feed rates of 1, 5 and 10
mm/min. The step size was kept fixed at 1 μm for each level of the patterning pass. It was found that
the periodic pattern of trochoidal mark was engraved on the surface, contributing to the value of measured
surface roughness.

Results:
The results were compared with the theoretical value from the calculation of surface roughness
using trochoidal motion with the assumption of the grain sizes of 0.2 μm, 0.3 μm, and 0.4 μm.
The actual value of surface roughness was measured using the XE-AFM machine. The grain of 0.2 μm
produced the same experimental trend with the theoretical value at rotational speeds of 1000, 1500,
and 2000 rpm. However, the theoretical result was shifted downward because the surface could return
to the original position due to the elastic properties of the CNTs, hence reducing the surface roughness.
The best-fit result was reported for the grain of 0.4 μm, rotational speed of 2000 rpm, and speed rate of
1 mm/min, showing less than 1% difference.

Conclusion:
Experimentally and theoretically, a good agreement and comparable results proved the
effectiveness of the proposed estimating method.
The Immunology - Ayurveda Perspective
Authors: Balakrishnan Geethu , Shukla Akhilesh 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Immunity can be defined as the ability of the human body to resist almost
all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage tissues and organs. Ayurveda, one of the oldest
health sciences has its perspectives and practices on immunology delineated under the heads of
Vyadhikshmatwa (tolerance against disease), Ojas (the quintessence of all bodily tissues that is responsible
for natural bio-strength, vitality and immunity), Bala (strength), and Vikaravighata Bhavas
(disease-resisting factors).

Materials and Methods:
For the present review, the materials were collected from the Ayurvedic
literature, including the three major classical texts Brihatrayees Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita,
Ashtanga Samgraha and Ashtanga Hridaya, and their important commentaries by Chakrapani,
Arunadutta, Hemadri, Indu, and Dalhana. Information from the current scientific literature, articles
published in PubMed, and authentic webpages has also been incorporated into this study. Subsequently,
an independent analysis of immunology from Ayurvedic classical texts is presented in this
review.

Discussion:
Ayurvedic compendia have vividly described the perspectives and practices of immunity
and the promotion of disease-resisting factors. In addition to being the repository of age-old medical
practices and the treasure trove of herbal drugs, the immunomodulatory effects of these diseaseresisting
factors hold up even when bridging with new models based on modern science and technology.

Conclusion:
Rather than being a complementary science, Ayurveda is enriched with the concepts
and practices of immunology. In order to free humanity from the grip of infections, it is important to
explore the standalone and integrative aspects of science now.
Pre-service English teachers’ perception of authentic assessment practice in speaking classes
Authors: Sukarno Sukarno , Fitrianingsih Ihtiara , Pratiwi Dwiyani , Putro Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo 
Published: June 2023

There is a growing body of literature examining the significance of authentic assessment in enhancing teachers’ assessment literacy. This study set out to investigate pre-service English teachers’ perception of authentic assessment in their speaking class. This sequential explanatory study employed a set of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews in the data collection. A total of 46 pre-service English teachers in their final year participated in this study. They completed a web-based survey, and four of them who used authentic assessment in their speaking class were selected for an interview. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that 71.74% of respondents were aware of what authentic evaluation entails as learned from various sources, primarily lecturers and tutors. More than 25% of respondents could not comprehend an authentic assessment, and fewer than a fifth (19.57%) of those surveyed had never taken a course on authentic assessment. The results from the survey and interview also showed that lack of time or the lengthy implementation time of authentic assessment, as well as the class size were reported to be the main challenges of the students in applying authentic assessment. Oral interviews, picture-cued descriptions or stories, information gaps, story/text retelling, role plays/simulations, oral reports, and debates were examples of the authentic assessment tools they normally used. This study implied the need for more authentic assessment trainings and or sessions for these pre-service English teachers in the future.Keywords: perception, authentic assessment, speaking
Creating an Innovative Artificial Intelligence–Based Technology (TCRact) for Designing and Optimizing T Cell Receptors for Use in Cancer Immunotherapies: Protocol for an Observational Trial
Authors: Bujak Joanna , Kłęk Stanisław , Balawejder Martyna , Kociniak Aleksandra , Wilkus Kinga , Szatanek Rafał , Orzeszko Zofia , Welanyk Joanna , Torbicz Grzegorz , Jęckowski Mateusz , Kucharczyk Tomasz , Wohadlo Łukasz , Borys Maciej , Stadnik Honorata , Wysocki Michał , Kayser Magdalena , Słomka Marta Ewa , Kosmowska Anna , Horbacka Karolina , Gach Tomasz , Markowska Beata , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Karoń Jacek , Karczewski Marek , Szura Mirosław , Sanecka-Duin Anna , Blum Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

Background
Cancer continues to be the leading cause of mortality in high-income countries, necessitating the development of more precise and effective treatment modalities. Immunotherapy, specifically adoptive cell transfer of T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells (TCR-T therapy), has shown promise in engaging the immune system for cancer treatment. One of the biggest challenges in the development of TCR-T therapies is the proper prediction of the pairing between TCRs and peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLAs). Modern computational immunology, using artificial intelligence (AI)-based platforms, provides the means to optimize the speed and accuracy of TCR screening and discovery.

Objective
This study proposes an observational clinical trial protocol to collect patient samples and generate a database of pHLA:TCR sequences to aid the development of an AI-based platform for efficient selection of specific TCRs.

Methods
The multicenter observational study, involving 8 participating hospitals, aims to enroll patients diagnosed with stage II, III, or IV colorectal cancer adenocarcinoma.

Results
Patient recruitment has recently been completed, with 100 participants enrolled. Primary tumor tissue and peripheral blood samples have been obtained, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been isolated and cryopreserved. Nucleic acid extraction (DNA and RNA) has been performed in 86 cases. Additionally, 57 samples underwent whole exome sequencing to determine the presence of somatic mutations and RNA sequencing for gene expression profiling.

Conclusions
The results of this study may have a significant impact on the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. The comprehensive database of pHLA:TCR sequences generated through this observational clinical trial will facilitate the development of the AI-based platform for TCR selection. The results obtained thus far demonstrate successful patient recruitment and sample collection, laying the foundation for further analysis and the development of an innovative tool to expedite and enhance TCR selection for precision cancer treatments.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04994093; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04994093

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/45872
Manajemen Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar dalam Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di MIN 1 Banyumas
Authors: Nafi'ah Khoirotun 
Published: June 2023

The curriculum is present as a guide used by educators where the curriculum has undergone various changes as a form of adaptation to a dynamic era. One of them is by implementing an independent learning curriculum where this curriculum tends to be considered new and is still in the process of being implemented in stages. Nevertheless, not a few schools have implemented an independent learning curriculum that emphasizes independent learning according to the needs and characteristics of students. Therefore, researchers want to know about the implementation of the independent learning curriculum in increasing student understanding, where this research was conducted at MI N 1 Banyumas. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of implementing the independent learning curriculum. On the other hand, the head of the madrasa also plays an important role in the running of the independent curriculum for the development of P5 at MI N 1 Banyumas.
Keywords: Madrasah Principal Management, Independent Curriculum, P5
Konsep Pemikiran Pendidikan Wanita Perspektif R.A. Kartini
Authors: Umi Azizah Logis Purnama Sari  , Subur  
Published: June 2023

R.A. Kartini memandang bahwa pendidikan akan mampu mengangkat derajat perempuan dan menyadarkan masyarakat tentang pentingnya peranan perempuan dalam pembangunan peradaban wanita adi bangsa Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan mengetahui pemikiran R.A Kartini mengenai pemikiran Pendidikan bagi perempuan di Negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yang menggunakan metode kepustakaan serta pendekatan historis dan biografi yang menceritakan dan mengungkapkan kembali peristiwa dan sejarah penting dalam kehidupan R.A Kartini. hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Raden Ajeng Kartini memandang Pendidikan adalah satu hal yang sangat penting bagi laki-laki maupun perempuan yang akan mampu mengangkat derajat dan martabat bangsa ini dengan cita-cita yang Raden Ajeng Kartini inginkan yaitu untuk membangun sekolah wanita.
Kompetensi Guru dalam Menghadapi Revolusi Industry 4.0
Authors: Ngafifurrohman  
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The industrial revolution 4.0 has affected various areas of life. In this era, the physical, digital and biological worlds are merged. Many human workers have been replaced by machines because of the automation of various services and the existence of artificial intelligence. The influence of the industrial revolution 4.0 also has an impact on the world of education, so teachers as professional educators must prepare themselves with various competencies to face this progress. The purpose of this study is to find teacher competence in facing the industrial era 4.0. The method used is literature study. The results of the study show that teacher competencies that must be prepared in facing the industrial revolution 4.0 are: 1) mastering the 4C competencies, namely critical thinking, collaborative, communicative, and creative. 2) educational competence, 3) competence for technological commercialization, 4) competence in globalization, 5) competence in the future, 6) counselor competence

Keywords: teacher competency, learning, industrial revolution 4.0
.
GUERRA DE CUARTA GENERACIÓN EN LA FRONTERA NORTE ECUATORIANA.
Authors: GONZALEZ CARRASCO JUAN CARLOS , ROJAS PILALUMBO WASHINGTON FABÍAN 
Published: June 2023

El presente estudio se fundamenta en la guerra de cuarta generación en la frontera norte ecuatoriana. El término “guerra de cuarta generación” se originó en 1989, cuando William Lind publicó, simultáneamente, en la edición de octubre de 1989 de Military Review y de Marine Corps Gazette, órganos oficiales del Ejército y del Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina de los Estado Unidos, quien se refiere a la guerra de los ejércitos de los Estados contra oponentes no estatales como las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia y hoy conocidos como los Grupos Irregulares Armados.
La frontera norte del Estado ecuatoriano se ha visto afectada en la última década por los GIA, y un imporante hecho que ocurrió en el sector de Angostura, en enero del 2008, donde las Fuerzas Armadas de Colombia violaron territorio ecuatoriano mientras realizaban operaciones ocultas contra las FARC, en territorio ecuatoriano. El 26 de septiembre del 2016, el presidente de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, firmó formalmente los acuerdos de paz de Colombia con las FARC, pero no todos sus integrantes entregaron las armas. Los grupos que no se acogieron a la paz, continuaron realizando actos de terrorismo y secuestro, es decir, realizando Guerra de cuarta generación en territorio ecuatoriano.
The principle of prohibition of violence in the family: implementation of European and international standards in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Menzhul M. 
Published: June 2023

The article carries out a systematic analysis of the principle of prohibition of family violence in terms of the implementation of European and international standards in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The essence of the principle of prohibition of violence in the family is analyzed, taking into account the provisions of the UN Declaration on the Eradication of Violence against Women, the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Elimination of Violence against Women, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, adopted in Maputo ( Mozambique) on July 11, 2003 and the Istanbul Convention. The provisions of the EU Strategy on gender equality for 2020-2025 have been studied. Attention was drawn to the need to implement comprehensive measures to prevent and combat gender-based violence. Particular attention is paid to the Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, proposed for adoption in 2022.
The consequences of last year's ratification by Ukraine of the Convention of the Council of Europe on the prevention of violence against women and domestic violence and the fight against these phenomena have been established with significant caveats.
The practice of implementing obligations to implement the mechanism for the prevention of domestic violence has been clarified, including through the analysis of the activities of various services in Ukraine, as well as national and regional statistics on domestic violence.
It is substantiated that Ukraine is not responsible for the perpetration of domestic violence in the occupied and non-controlled territories. At the same time, it is responsible for the effectiveness of the principle of combating domestic violence in conditions of war in controlled territories. In view of the statistical data, the deterioration of the situation, taking into account the need to implement European approaches, it is proposed to make changes to the Law "On Prevention and Combating Domestic Violence" and to provide for such a form of modern violence as cyber violence and establish responsibility for it.
Shareholder agreement as the main manifestation of discretion in the corporate law of Ukraine
Authors: Sulyma A.P. 
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the prerequisites for establishing comprehensive legal regulation of the shareholder agreement in the corporate law of Ukraine. It argues that the shareholder agreement is an essential tool for regulating corporate relations and ensuring effective interaction among corporation members. The article emphasizes that the shareholder agreement is the main manifestation of discretion in the corporate law of Ukraine, and outlines its advantages over corporation charter, including greater flexibility, adaptability to unique circumstances, and the ability to establish optimal methods of responsibility for the parties. The article also highlights the advantages of using compensation as a mechanism for ensuring "satisfaction" in the event of a violation of the shareholder agreement, while also noting that parties can choose alternative mechanisms of responsibility that best suit their interests.
It pays particular attention to the interaction between the shareholder agreement and legislative regulation and local corporate acts, such as the charter and bylaws of corporations. The article argues that the provisions of the shareholder agreement are limited by the imperative provisions of corporate legislation and the rules of the charter, which is the main local corporate act of the company. It recommends changes to corporate legislation to clarify the distinction between the provisions of the charter and the shareholder agreement, particularly in relation to the preemptive right of members of LLCs and ALLs, to avoid conflicts between the two.
The argument is made that changes to corporate legislation are necessary in order to improve certain provisions. One such improvement would be to clarify the provision regarding the nullity of the shareholder agreement, which should include an obligation to vote in accordance with the instructions of the company's management bodies. Additionally, the range of subjects to which this provision applies should be expanded to include the company's subsidiaries and any other company bodies. It is also important to prohibit the inclusion of provisions in shareholder agreements that are aimed at harming the rights and interests of other members or shareholders of the corporation, as well as the interests of the company itself.
Crime prevention mechanism in places of deprivation of liberty
Authors: Vasylevich V. 
Published: June 2023

The article examines the basic principles of crime prevention in places of deprivation of liberty. It was determined that penitentiary principles and the mechanism for preventing criminal offenses in places of detention remain the primary task of the State Policy in the field of execution of criminal punishments. It is they who ensure the order and conditions of execution and serving of sentences in places of deprivation of liberty in Ukraine and guarantee the safety of society. Emphasis is placed on the fact that penal institutions must return a full-fledged individual to society. It was determined that prevention of crime in places of deprivation of lliberty, as part of all crime, should be carried out at three levels: general social, special criminologicaland individual.
General social prevention of crime in places of deprivation of liberty is, first of all, a complex of promising socio-economic, organizationalmanagement, ideological, cultural-educational and other measures aimed at solving acute social problems and troubles in the country. In addition, bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments can apply such special measures of criminological prevention as prevention and cessation of crimes. Prevention and termination of crimes are transferred to those stages of the development of criminal behavior, which are characterized either by the emergence of the intention to commit a crime, or when the behavior of some persons is capable of causing it, or when the crime has already begun to actually be committed. Preventive activities in places of deprivation of liberty can be based on methods of neutralization of criminogenic phenomena, dealcoholization and devictimization, destruction of the criminal subculture, criminal law abstinence from committing crimes, medical rehabilitation.
It is substantiated that the fact of a person’s continued stay in a criminogenic environment or his return to it after serving a sentence or parole is necessary for recidivism.
It was established that the prevention of crime in places of deprivation of liberty requires improvement and regulation of its mechanism. A system of measures was proposed that would maximally prevent the possibility of committing crimes in places of deprivation of liberty. However, it has been established that in order to increase this activity, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate organizationalmanagement, control-supervisory, informational, operative-search and other determinants that contribute to the commission of criminal offenses in places of deprivation of liberty.
Historical aspects of the establishment of the institution of child rights protection in international law
Authors: Senko V. 
Published: June 2023

This article provides an understanding of the relevance and importance of the principles of human rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The article pays special attention to the importance of observing children's rights and encouraging advocacy activities of public and children's organizations regarding the protection of children's rights.
In the presented study, the author analyzes the articles of the Convention and considers them as social rights (the right to life and development, health care and access to medical care, the right to education, family life, family reunification, the right to assistance in the maximum possible social integration for disabled children, as well as the right to support parents so that they can protect the rights of their children), economic rights (the right to decent living conditions, to social security, to protection from economic exploitation), cultural rights (the right to respect for language, culture and religion, for the abolition of traditional practices that may harm the well-being of the child), protective rights (the right to protect the interests of the child, protection from physical and sexual violence and exploitation, protection from participation in military conflicts, protection from abuse rights and humiliation), civil and political rights (the right to be heard and taken seriously, the right to freedom from discrimination in the exercise of rights, the right to freedom of religion and belief, the right to privacy, to information, to respect for physical and personal integrity and freedom from all forms of violence, torture or other cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment, the right to respect for the order of detention and criminal judiciary).
It is emphasized that the mentioned international legal act plays an important fundamental role in the development of social consciousness and the practice of protecting children's rights and freedoms. It provides the legal basis for the necessary protection of persons under the age of 18.