bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between integrated pest management, pollinator supplementation, and normalized difference vegetation index in pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae), production
Authors: Waithaka Nduta A , Kasina Muo , Samita Namikoye E , Guantai Mary M , Omuse Evanson R , Toukem Nadia K , Lattorff H Michael G , Abdel-Rahman Elfatih M , Adan Marian , Mohamed Samira A , Dubois Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sustainable production of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) partly relies on integrated pest management (IPM) and pollination services. A farmer-managed field study was carried out in Yatta and Masinga Sub-Counties of Machakos County, Kenya, to determine the effectiveness of a recommended IPM package and its interaction with stingless bee colonies (Hypotrigona sp.) for pollinator supplementation (PS). The IPM package comprised Lynfield traps with cuelure laced with the organophosphate malathion, sprays of Metarhizium anisopliae (Mechnikoff) Sorokin isolate ICIPE 69, the most widely used fungal biopesticide in sub-Saharan Africa, and protein baits incorporating spinosad. Four treatments—IPM, PS, integrated pest and pollinator management (which combined IPM and PS), and control—were replicated 4 times. The experiment was conducted in 600 m2 farms in 2 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) classes during 2 growing seasons (October 2019–March 2020 and March–July 2020). Fruits showing signs of infestation were incubated for emergence, fruit fly trap catches were counted weekly, and physiologically mature fruits were harvested. There was no effect of IPM, PS, and NDVI on yield across seasons. This study revealed no synergistic effect between IPM and PS in suppressing Tephritid fruit fly population densities and damage. Hypotrigona sp. is not an efficient pollinator of pumpkin. Therefore, we recommend testing other African stingless bees in pumpkin production systems for better pollination services and improved yields.
The evaluation and management of coagulopathies in the intensive therapy units
Authors: Galli Mattia , Angiolillo Dominick J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coagulopathies are common in intensive therapy units (ITUs) and may represent both the cause and the consequence of a critically ill status. Because coagulopathies are associated with increased complications in terms of both increased ischemic and bleeding events, the prevention, assessment, and treatment of these clinical conditions are important issues to be considered in the ITU. In this review, we explore the pathophysiological mechanisms, discuss the most common causes, and provide practical recommendations on the assessment and treatment of coagulopathies in the ITU.
‘That Little Book’: R.Y. Jennings, The Acquisition of Territory in International Law
Authors: Storr Cait 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Acquisition of Territory in International Law has been an indispensable work in the field for 60 years. It remains so, if for shifting reasons. Robert Jennings’ treatment of the applicable law is so succinct, and his bald statements of fact as to the nature of international law so unapologetic, that the text will invariably reward close re-reading by international lawyers of all persuasions. Acquisition of Territory goes far beyond its apparent brief of summarizing the relevant lex lata and offering an expert opinion on key issues of lex ferenda. Viewed from the right light, the work is a prism that refracts the world of early 1960s international law. Jennings deftly sidesteps and postpones fundamental questions of anti-colonial justice that some would have expected to be addressed in a lecture series on the acquisition of territory given in December 1962. The reading down of global anti-colonial movements to a ‘policy question’ beyond the strict concerns of jurists says much of the culture of British international law in the early 1960s. Jennings uses law to relegate calls for colonizing powers to be held to account to some future time, in some differently constituted international system. Amongst his kind, then and now, he is hardly alone.
Competing with fad products: erroneous health beliefs and market outcomes
Authors: Bauner Christoph , Lavoie Nathalie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study how erroneous nutrition assumptions affect manufacturers’ profits and consumer surplus and how the government could intervene to improve welfare. In our model, two manufacturers produce a conventional product and a fad version misperceived to bring health benefits. We compare the laissez-faire outcome to two outcomes: one without false beliefs and the other with information provision reducing the false belief’s prevalence. We find that false beliefs about the health benefits of fad products lower consumer surplus and total welfare under some conditions. Information provision generally increases total welfare, but, in some situations, this occurs at the expense of consumer surplus.
Takotsubo syndrome is a coronary microvascular disease: experimental evidence
Authors: Dong Feng , Yin Liya , Sisakian Hamayak , Hakobyan Tatevik , Jeong Lacey S , Joshi Hirva , Hoff Ellianna , Chandler Selena , Srivastava Geetika , Jabir Abdur Rahman , Kimball Kelly , Chen Yeong-Renn , Chen Chwen-Lih , Kang Patrick T , Shabani Parisa , Shockling Lindsay , Pucci Thomas , Kegecik Karlina , Kolz Christopher , Jia Zhenyu , Chilian William M , Ohanyan Vahagn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a conundrum without consensus about the cause. In a murine model of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), abnormalities in myocardial perfusion played a key role in the development of TTS.

Methods and results
Vascular Kv1.5 channels connect coronary blood flow to myocardial metabolism and their deletion mimics the phenotype of CMD. To determine if TTS is related to CMD, wild-type (WT), Kv1.5−/−, and TgKv1.5−/− (Kv1.5−/− with smooth muscle-specific expression Kv1.5 channels) mice were studied following transaortic constriction (TAC). Measurements of left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) in base and apex, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were completed with standard and contrast echocardiography. Ribonucleic Acid deep sequencing was performed on LV apex and base from WT and Kv1.5−/− (control and TAC). Changes in gene expression were confirmed by real-time-polymerase chain reaction. MBF was increased with chromonar or by smooth muscle expression of Kv1.5 channels in the TgKv1.5−/−. TAC-induced systolic apical ballooning in Kv1.5−/−, shown as negative FS (P &lt; 0.05 vs. base), which was not observed in WT, Kv1.5−/− with chromonar, or TgKv1.5−/−. Following TAC in Kv1.5−/−, MBF was lower in LV apex than in base. Increasing MBF with either chromonar or in TgKv1.5−/− normalized perfusion and function between LV apex and base (P = NS). Some genetic changes during TTS were reversed by chromonar, suggesting these were independent of TAC and more related to TTS.

Conclusion
Abnormalities in flow regulation between the LV apex and base cause TTS. When perfusion is normalized between the two regions, normal ventricular function is restored.
Spatial and temporal niche separation of Methanomassiliicoccales phylotypes in temperate fens
Authors: Weil Micha , Wang Haitao , Zak Dominik , Urich Tim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The hydrogen-dependent and methylotrophic order Methanomassiliicoccales consists of the families Methanomethylophilaceae and Methanomassiliicoccaceae. While Methanomethylophilaceae are comparatively well studied, there is a lack of knowledge on Methanomassiliicoccaceae. In this 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing-based study we investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of the Methanomassiliicoccales in drained and rewetted sites of three common temperate fen peatlands. A 2.5-year monitoring of the fen microbiome composition at three peat depths revealed a dynamic methanogen and Methanomassiliicoccales composition across space and time. Four Methanomassiliicoccales phylotypes were found and they were differentially distributed between the fen types. The wetland cluster phylotype was omnipresent and dominant in abundance in all sites along all depths. The Methanomassiliicoccus phylotype was highly abundant in topsoil while the AB364942 phylotype was exclusively found in deeper regions of the rewetted percolation fen. The phylotype affiliated with Methanomassiliicoccales strain U3.2.1 was only detected in the rewetted percolation fen. We discuss the distribution of the four phylotypes with implications for their ecophysiology, where oxygen tolerance and substrate spectrum might play major roles. In conclusion, the Methanomassiliicoccales are widespread and account for a significant proportion of methanogens, which might suggest their importance for methane emissions from peatlands.
After a century of nisin research - where are we now?
Authors: Field Des , Fernandez de Ullivarri Miguel , Ross R Paul , Hill Colin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly modified pentacyclic peptide has not only found success in the food industry as a preservative but has also served as the paradigm for our understanding of the genetic organization, expression, and regulation of genes involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis—one of the few cases of extensive post-translation modification in prokaryotes. Recent developments in understanding the complex biosynthesis of nisin have shed light on the cellular location of the modification and transport machinery and the co-ordinated series of spatio-temporal events required to produce active nisin and provide resistance and immunity. The continued unearthing of new natural variants from within human and animal gastrointestinal tracts has sparked interest in the potential application of nisin to influence the microbiome, given the growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches have taken advantage of biotechnological advancements to bioengineer nisin to produce novel variants and expand nisin functionality for applications in the biomedical field. This review will discuss the latest progress in these aspects of nisin research.
CG hypermethylation of the bHLH39 promoter regulates its expression and Fe deficiency responses in tomato roots
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Han Guanghao , Wang Jiayi , Xu Jiming , Hong Yiguo , Huang Li , Zheng Shaojian , Yang Jianli , Chen Weiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, including plants, whose limited bioavailability restricts plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality. While the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to Fe deficiency have been extensively studied, the contribution of epigenetic modulations, such as DNA methylation, remains poorly understood. Here, we report that treatment with a DNA methylase inhibitor repressed Fe deficiency-induced responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots, suggesting the importance of DNA methylation in regulating Fe deficiency responses. Dynamic changes in the DNA methylome in tomato roots responding to short-term (12 hours) and long-term (72 hours) Fe deficiency identified many differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and DMR-associated genes. Most DMRs occurred at CHH sites under short-term Fe deficiency, whereas they were predominant at CG sites following long-term Fe deficiency. Furthermore, no correlation was detected between the changes in DNA methylation levels and the changes in transcript levels of the affected genes under either short-term or long-term treatments. Notably, one exception was CG hypermethylation at the bHLH39 promoter, which was positively correlated with its transcriptional induction. In agreement, we detected lower CG methylation at the bHLH39 promoter and lower bHLH39 expression in MET1-RNA interference lines compared with wild-type seedlings. Virus-induced gene silencing of bHLH39 and luciferase reporter assays revealed that bHLH39 is positively involved in the modulation of Fe homeostasis. Altogether, we propose that dynamic epigenetic DNA methylation in the CG context at the bHLH39 promoter is involved in its transcriptional regulation, thus contributing to the Fe deficiency response of tomato.
Meager Milk: Lasting Consequences for Adult Daughters of Primiparous Mothers Among Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Pittet Florent , Hinde Katie 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
Among mammals, primipara who initiate reproduction before full maturity can be constrained in their maternal investment, both due to fewer somatic resources and tradeoffs between their own continued development and reproductive effort. Primipara are particularly limited in their capacity to synthesize milk during lactation, the costliest aspect of reproduction for most mammals, especially primates due to long periods of postnatal development. Due to reduced milk transfer, Firstborns may be at elevated risk for long-term consequences of deficits in early life endowment from their primiparous mothers. Here we investigated mass, growth, stature, and lactation performance among N = 273 adult daughters across N = 335 reproductions, who were their own mother’s Firstborn or Laterborn progeny, among rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at the California National Primate Research Center. We further explored mass during infancy of the offspring of Firstborn and Laterborn mothers. Firstborns had accelerated growth during infancy, but had slowed growth during juvenility, compared to Laterborns. Although both Firstborns and Laterborns were the same age at reproductive debut, Firstborns had lower body mass, an effect that persisted throughout the reproductive career. Available milk energy, the product of milk energetic density and milk yield, was on average 16% lower for Firstborns compared to Laterborns, a difference that was only partially mediated by their lower mass. Despite differences in their mothers’ energy provision through milk, the mass of infants of Firstborn and Laterborn mothers did not differ at peak lactation, suggesting that infants of Firstborns devote a higher proportion of milk energy to growth than infants of Laterborns. To date few studies have explored how early life conditions shape capacities to synthesize milk and milk composition. Our findings contribute new information among primates on how early life maternal endowments are associated with persistent effects long after the period of maternal dependence well into reproductive maturity.
Validating an approach to overcome the immeasurable time bias in cohort studies: a real-world example and Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Oh In-Sun , Jeong Han Eol , Lee Hyesung , Filion Kristian B , Noh Yunha , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Immeasurable time bias arises from the lack of in-hospital medication information. It has been suggested that time-varying adjustment for hospitalization may minimize this potential bias. However, whereas we examined this issue in one case study, there remains a need to assess the validity of this approach in other settings.

Methods
Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we generated synthetic immeasurable time-varying hospitalization-related factors of duration, frequency and timing. Nine scenarios were created by combining three frequency scenarios and three duration scenarios, where the empirical cohort distribution of hospitalization was used to simulate the ‘timing’. We used Korea’s healthcare database and a case example of β-blocker use and mortality among patients with heart failure. We estimated the gold-standard hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI using inpatient and outpatient drug data, and that of the pseudo-outpatient setting using outpatient data only. We assessed the validity of adjusting for time-varying hospitalization in nine different scenarios, using relative bias, confidence limit ratio (CLR) and mean squared error (MSE) compared with the empirical gold-standard estimate across bootstrap resamples.

Results
With the real-world gold standard (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.67–0.80) as the reference estimate, adjusting for time-varying hospitalization (0.71; 0.63–0.80) effectively reduced the immeasurable time bias and had the following performance metrics across the nine scenarios: relative bias (range: –7.08% to 0.61%), CLR (1.28 to 1.36) and MSE (0.0005 to 0.0031).

Conclusions
The approach of adjusting for time-varying hospitalization consistently reduced the immeasurable time bias in Monte Carlo simulated data.
Efficacy and safety of molnupiravir for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Malin Jakob J , Weibel Stephanie , Gruell Henning , Kreuzberger Nina , Stegemann Miriam , Skoetz Nicole 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The role of molnupiravir for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment is unclear.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review until 1 November 2022 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving COVID-19 patients comparing molnupiravir [±standard of care (SoC)] versus SoC and/or placebo. Data were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses. Certainty of evidence was assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.

Results
Nine RCTs were identified, eight investigated outpatients (29 254 participants) and one inpatients (304 participants). Compared with placebo/SoC, molnupiravir does not reduce mortality [risk ratio (RR) 0.27, 95% CI 0.07–1.02, high-certainty evidence] and probably does not reduce the risk for ‘hospitalization or death’ (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.55–1.20, moderate-certainty evidence) by Day 28 in COVID-19 outpatients. We are uncertain whether molnupiravir increases symptom resolution by Day 14 (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.41, very-low-certainty evidence) but it may make no difference by Day 28 (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.92–1.19, low-certainty evidence). In inpatients, molnupiravir may increase mortality by Day 28 compared with placebo (RR 3.78, 95% CI 0.50–28.82, low-certainty evidence). There is little to no difference in serious adverse and adverse events during the study period in COVID-19 inpatients/outpatients treated with molnupiravir compared with placebo/SoC (moderate- to high-certainty evidence).

Conclusions
In a predominantly immunized population of COVID-19 outpatients, molnupiravir has no effect on mortality, probably none on ‘hospitalization or death’ and effects on symptom resolution are uncertain. Molnupiravir was safe during the study period in outpatients although a potential increase in inpatient mortality requires careful monitoring in ongoing clinical research. Our analysis does not support routine use of molnupiravir for COVID-19 treatment in immunocompetent individuals.
Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast: A Diagnostic Dilemma With Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Hsu Joyce , Factor Rachel , Lowell Dorothy A , Sobolewski Robin , Ghate Sujata V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary solid tumor arising most often in patients with current or subsequent acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients of all ages may present with involvement of the skin, lymph nodes, intestinal tract, bone, and/or central nervous system. Isolated involvement of the breast is rare, and only a small number of cases have been described in the literature. Breast MS may present as a palpable mass on clinical evaluation. In this broad literature review from 2010 to 2022, the most common findings on mammography are either solitary or multiple masses, followed by architectural distortion and, less commonly, no discrete findings. Sonography may demonstrate hypoechoic or mixed echogenicity mass(es) with circumscribed or indistinct, not discrete margins. Myeloid sarcoma may present as an enhancing mass or nonmass enhancement on breast MRI and is typically moderately radiotracer avid on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. At histopathology, MS is characterized by myeloid blasts in varying stages of granulocytic or neutrophilic maturation; diagnosis typically requires immunophenotyping. There is no consensus for treatment of MS, although systemic chemotherapy for AML is often used as MS is considered the tissue equivalent of AML. This article will discuss and illustrate imaging and pathology findings when the breast is involved by MS.
Characterizing the vector competence of Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae and Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to transmit cotton leafroll dwarf virus to cotton in the United States
Authors: Heilsnis Brianna , Mahas Jessica B , Conner Kassie , Pandey Sudeep , Clark Wilson , Koebernick Jenny , Srinivasan Rajagopalbabu , Martin Kathleen , Jacobson Alana L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a yield-limiting, aphid-transmitted virus that was identified in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the United States of America in 2017. CLRDV is currently classified in the genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae. Although 8 species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are reported to infest cotton, Aphis gossypii Glover is the only known vector of CLRDV to this crop. Aphis gossypii transmits CLRDV in a persistent and nonpropagative manner, but acquisition and retention times have only been partially characterized in Brazil. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the acquisition access period, the inoculation access period, and retention times for a U.S. strain of CLRDV and A. gossypii population. A sub-objective was to test the vector competence of Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis craccivora Koch. In our study, A. gossypii apterous and alate morphs were able to acquire CLRDV in 30 min and 24 h, inoculate CLRDV in 45 and 15 min, and retain CLRDV for 15 and 23 days, respectively. Neither M. persicae nor A. craccivora acquired or transmitted CLRDV to cotton.
Plant diversity and ecological intensification in crop production systems
Authors: Brooker Rob W , Hawes Cathy , Iannetta Pietro P M , Karley Alison J , Renard Delphine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEcological intensification (EI) is the enhancement of ecosystem services to complement or substitute for the role of anthropogenic inputs in maintaining or increasing yields. EI has potential to increase farming’s environmental sustainability, e.g. reducing environmentally harmful management activities while sustaining yields. EI is based upon ecological processes which in turn are influenced by biodiversity. We review how biodiversity, particularly vascular plant diversity, can regulate ecosystem processes relevant to EI at multiple spatial scales. At an individual plant genotype level, complementarity in functional traits has a direct impact on productivity. At in-field, population level, mixtures of crop types confer resilience to minimize the risk of pest and disease incidence and spread. Scaling up to the field level, a diversity of non-crop plants (i.e. weeds) provides resources necessary for in-field functional processes, both below ground (carbon inputs, decomposition) and above ground (resource continuity for pollinators and natural enemies). At the landscape scale, mosaics of semi-natural and managed vegetation provide buffers against extreme events through flood and drought risk mitigation, climate amelioration and pest population regulation. Overall this emphasizes the importance of heterogeneity across scales in maintaining ecosystem functions in farmland. Major research challenges highlighted by our review include the need: to better integrate plant functional diversity (from traits to habitat scales) into cropping system design; to quantify the (likely interactive) contribution of plant diversity for effective EI relative to other management options; and to optimize through targeted management the system function benefits of biodiversity for resilient, efficient and productive agroecosystems.