bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Double Diffusion of nth Order Chemically Reactive Stagnated Flow of Walters' B Fluid With Elastic Distortion in a Porous Medium
Authors: Borgohain Debozani , Dey D. , Pegu Robin , Choudhury Debosmita 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study explores the steady two‐dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a vertically stretching surface in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The fluid flow is guided by Walters' B fluid constitutive model. The plate is given a linear stretching and maintained with thermal and concentration slips. Further, the effects of nth‐order chemical reactions are also considered. Applying practical assumptions and compatible similarity transformations, a system of nonlinear partial differential equations has been converted into a relevant nonlinear ordinary differential equations system. The governing equations are computed numerically by applying MATLAB built‐in bvp4c solver tool. The obtained results are presented graphically and in tabular form, encompassing different values of flow parameters included in the solution. The change in the pivotal values of the thermal slip parameter () from 1.1 to 1.3, 1.3 to 1.5, and 1.5 to 1.8 correspond to a reduction in temperature by 15.38%, 26.67%, and 38.89%, respectively. This illustrates the significant role that thermal slip plays in viscoelastic fluid flow by improving heat transfer and reducing the boundary friction. Moreover, higher order chemical reaction lightens the fluid particles' concentration with decelerated rates of thermal and solutal movements, indicating that minute variations in concentration implies larger changes in the rate of reaction. The findings of this work will be relevant in engineering and industrial fields, dealing with heat and mass transfer problems in the polymer industries, nuclear power plants, and so on.
Intrahepatic CD161hiCD8+T Cell Recruitment Has a Pathogenetic Potential in Chronic HBV Infection
Authors: Li Jianfei , Liu Qian , Duan Wanlu , Duan Zhi , Liu Futing , Ruan Mengqi , Zong Qiyin , Zhang Hao , Zhou Qiang , Wang Qin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgrounds and AimsCD8+T cells are crucially associated with the fight against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. CD161 has been shown to express remarkably on HCV‐specific CD8+T cells. However, the accurate function of CD161+CD8+T cells in HBV immunity or pathogenesis remains undetermined.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 25 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Peripheral blood levels of CD161+CD8+T cells and their correlation with serum ALT levels were analyzed in CHB patients. To analyze the in vivo CD161+CD8+T cell's number, function, and intrahepatic recruitment characteristics, HBV replication mouse models were established. The expression of CD161 on HBV‐specific CD8+T cells was also detected by analyzing CD161+CD8+T cell functions during infection.ResultsPatients with CHB infection had a markedly lower peripheral blood frequency of CD161+CD8+T cells than did healthy controls and negatively correlated with serum ALT level. Furthermore, compared to the control mice, the frequency of CD161+CD8+T cells was significantly decreased in the blood of acute and chronic HBV‐replicating mice. Moreover, CHB‐replicating mice had significantly increased hepatic levels of CD161+CD8+T cells, which was not observed in the acute group of mice. Additionally, the CD161+CD8+T cells were categorized into CD161hi and CD161intCD8+T cells and it was revealed that in the liver of CHB‐replicating mice the primary recruited cells were CD161hiCD8+T. Intrahepatic CD161hiCD8+T cells demonstrated increased CXCR6 expression, enhanced production of cytokine IL‐17 and TNF‐ɑ, and reduced IFN‐γ secretion. Accordingly, the CXCL16 mRNA expression in the liver tissue of CHB‐replication mice was markedly higher than in acute HBV‐replicating and control mice. The study also revealed that HBV‐specific CD8+T cells were mainly CD161‐CD8+T cells.ConclusionDuring HBV infection, the intrahepatic recruitment of CD161+CD8+T cells was mainly CD161hiCD8+T cell subpopulation, which has a weak antiviral response, but increased pro‐inflammatory effect, suggesting that CD161 may serve as a potential marker of liver‐damaging T cells.
Maternal Bisphenol A Exposure Induces Hippocampal‐Dependent Learning and Memory Deficits Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Male Offspring Rats
Authors: Ren Jiajia , Bai Wenjie , Guo Yi , Liu Qiling , Wang Yuxin , Wang Chong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical, is one of the most widely used chemicals in the world and is widely distributed in the external environment, specifically in food, water, dust, and soil. BPA exposure is associated with abnormal cognitive behaviors. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were orally exposed to BPA at a low dose of 0, 0.04, 0.4, or 4 mg per kg·of body weight per day from embryonic Day 0 (ED 0) to postnatal Day 21 (PND 21). Spatial learning and memory were measured via a Morris water maze test on PND 22. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway protein expression was detected in the hippocampi of male offspring using a western blot. The water maze test demonstrated that BPA exposure considerably reduced the learning and memory capacities of the male offspring exposure groups when compared to the control group. The male offspring rats' latency to escape increased significantly, the time taken to traverse a platform reduced, and latency to find a hidden platform showed an increasing trend. Meanwhile, maternal exposure to BPA downregulated the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in the hippocampi of the offspring. Moreover, BPA exposure improved the GSK3β and phosphorylated tau protein (T231) levels, increased malondialdehyde levels, and activated caspase‐3 expression in the hippocampi of the male offspring rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that maternal exposure to BPA causes learning and memory impairment and that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway participates in the mechanism of BPA‐induced neurocognitive decline.
Cadmium Reduces VE‐Cadherin Expression in Endothelial Cells Through Activation of the Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuanqing , Wang Jie , Huai Tianran , Wang Xia , Liu Qiang , Xing Yan , Chudnary Maryam , Meng Xianli , Dong Liang , Malashicheva Anna , Tian Jinghui , Liu Ju 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal which induces vascular disorders. Previous studies suggest that Cd in the bloodstream affects vascular endothelial cells (ECs), potentially contributing to vascular‐related diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of effects of Cd on ECs remain poorly understood. Notch signaling pathway abnormalities have been implicated in ECs disruption. The present study aims to investigate the effect of low Cd concentrations on the Notch signaling pathway in ECs. Mice were treated with low concentration of Cd (2.28 mg/kg), and tissues were collected for examination of mRNA and protein levels of Notch pathway components and VE‐cadherin, a major junctional protein in ECs. We found that Cd treatment increases expression of NICD1, Hes1, Hey1, Hey2 and decreases expression of VE‐cadherin in brain and kidney tissues. In vitro, a low concentration of Cd (1 μM) also induces increase expression of NICD1, Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and decrease expression of VE‐cadherin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Low concentration of Cd increased the permeability of HUVECs. We also found that Notch signaling negatively regulates the expression of VE‐cadherin. In addition, DAPT, a Notch pathway inhibitor, prevents Cd‐induced reduction in VE‐cadherin expression in HUVECs. In summary, these findings revealed that Cd exposure decreases VE‐cadherin expression through activation of the Notch signaling pathway.
Harnessing miRNAs: A Novel Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Doghish Ahmed S. , Abulsoud Ahmed I. , Nassar Yara A. , Nasr Sami Mohamed , Mohammed Osama A. , Abdel‐Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Rizk Nehal I. , Lutfy Radwa H. , Abdel Mageed Sherif S. , Ismail Menattallah A. , Abd‐Elhalim Haytham M. , Awad Farah A. , Fayez Salma Zaki , Elimam Hanan , Mansour Reda M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex, responsible for tuberculosis (TB) infection, continues to be a predominant global cause of mortality due to intricate host‐pathogen interactions that affect disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), essential posttranscriptional regulators, have become pivotal modulators of these relationships. Recent findings indicate that miRNAs actively regulate immunological responses to Mtb complex by modulating autophagy, apoptosis, and immune cell activities. This has resulted in increased interest in miRNAs as prospective diagnostic indicators for TB, especially in differentiating active infection from latent or inactive stages. Variations in miRNA expression during Mtb infection indicate disease progression and offer insights into the immune response. Furthermore, miRNAs present potential as therapeutic targets in host‐directed therapy (HDT) techniques for TB infection. This work examines the function of miRNAs in TB pathogenesis, with the objective of identifying particular miRNAs that regulate the immune response to the Mtb complex, evaluating their diagnostic value and exploring their therapeutic implications in host‐directed therapy for TB infection. The objective is to enhance comprehension of how miRNAs can facilitate improved diagnosis and treatment of TB.
Identifying risk factors for vomiting during diarrhea: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of zinc supplementation
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey G. , Dhingra Pratibha , Liu Enju , Dhingra Usha , Dutta Arup , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Deb Saikat , Somji Sarah , Aboud Said , Kisenge Rodrick , Sazawal Sunil , Ashorn Per , Simon Jonathan , Manji Karim P. , Duggan Christopher P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesSupplemental zinc during acute diarrhea reduces illness duration but also increases vomiting. In a recent trial, we found that children receiving lower daily doses of zinc (5 mg or 10 mg vs. 20 mg) had lower rates of vomiting with comparable stool output and duration of diarrhea. We performed a secondary analysis to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with vomiting in children with acute diarrhea.MethodsWe performed a secondary data analysis of 4500 children aged 6–59 months with an acute episode of diarrhea (<72 h before enrollment) in a randomized, double‐blind controlled trial in India and Tanzania. To identify clinically important risk factors for overall, regimen‐related, and regimen‐unrelated vomiting, we created log‐binomial models with relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe trial enrolled 4500 children, of whom 1203 (26.7%) had any vomiting. After adjusting for multiple demographic and clinical characteristics, the presence of dehydration (RR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10–1.92), being underweight (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05–1.41), receipt of the rotavirus vaccine (RR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.69–2.12), and household wealth above the median (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29) were factors associated with an increased risk of vomiting. Rotavirus vaccine receipt was nearly 100% concordant with the study site of Tanzania. Older age and lower zinc dosing were associated with a lower risk of vomiting.ConclusionsYoung, underweight, or dehydrated children are more likely to have concurrent vomiting with zinc supplementation. Identification of these factors may allow providers to better monitor such children, thus reducing the chances of recurrent dehydration or inadequate dietary intake.
Multiple Environmental Variables as Covariates to Improve the Accuracy of Spatial Prediction Models for SOM on Karst Aera
Authors: Jiang Yongcheng , Li Fupeng , Gong Yufeng , Yang Xiuyuan , Zhang Zhenming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAims accurately predicting the spatial distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for environmental management and carbon storage estimation. However, the diversity of sources of variables poses a challenge in studying the spatial distribution of SOM. Methods in order to address this issue, we propose leveraging multiple environmental variables and employing machine learning models, specifically Lightweight gradient boosting machine learning (LightGBM) and random forest (RF), for predicting SOM spatial distribution. 128 soil samples were collected from the Caohai National Nature Reserve, and their SOM content was measured. Results the study found that the average SOM content was 36.75 g/kg. Compared to traditional linear regression models such as ordinary kriging (OK), ordinary least squares (OLS), and geographically weighted regression (GWR), the machine learning models based on nonlinear regression, LightGBM and RF, demonstrated higher cross‐validated coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.62 and 0.60, respectively, outperforming the other models. Additionally, RF exhibited lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), indicating higher stability and generalization capability. The spatial distribution of SOM among the models showed consistency, with higher SOM content observed in southern and near‐Caohai Lake regions and lower SOM content in northern and farther regions from Caohai Lake. Results from the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) model highlighted agricultural land (AL), pH, and Elevation (ELV) as primary covariates influencing SOM spatial distribution. Conclusions this study provides valuable insights and support for environmental management and carbon storage estimation in the karst plateau region.
LungDiag: Empowering artificial intelligence for respiratory diseases diagnosis based on electronic health records, a multicenter study
Authors: Liang Hengrui , Yang Tao , Liu Zihao , Jian Wenhua , Chen Yilong , Li Bingliang , Yan Zeping , Xu Weiqiang , Chen Luming , Qi Yifan , Wang Zhiwei , Liao Yajing , Lin Peixuan , Li Jiameng , Wang Wei , Li Li , Wang Meijia , Zhang YunHui , Deng Lizong , Jiang Taijiao , He Jianxing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRespiratory diseases pose a significant global health burden, with challenges in early and accurate diagnosis due to overlapping clinical symptoms, which often leads to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. To address this issue, we developed LungDiag, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic system that utilizes natural language processing (NLP) to extract key clinical features from electronic health records (EHRs) for the accurate classification of respiratory diseases. This study employed a large cohort of 31,267 EHRs from multiple centers for model training and internal testing. Additionally, prospective real‐world validation was conducted using 1142 EHRs from three external centers. LungDiag demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, achieving an F1 score of 0.711 for top 1 diagnosis and 0.927 for top 3 diagnoses. In real‐world testing, LungDiag outperformed both human experts and ChatGPT 4.0, achieving an F1 score of 0.651 for top 1 diagnosis. The study emphasizes the potential of LungDiag as an effective tool to support physicians in diagnosing respiratory diseases more accurately and efficiently. Despite the promising results, further large‐scale multicenter validation with larger sample sizes is still needed to confirm its clinical utility and generalizability.
Comparison of diet and exercise on cardiometabolic factors in young adults with overweight/obesity: multiomics analysis and gut microbiota prediction, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Zongyu , Li Tianze , Huang Fenglian , Wu Miao , Zhu Lewei , Zhou Yueqin , Ming Ying‐An , Lu Zhijun , Peng Wei , Gao Fei , Zhu Yanna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe optimal strategy for improving cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) in young obese individuals through diet and exercise remains unclear, as do the potential mechanisms. We conducted an 8‐week randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of different interventions in youth with overweight/obesity. Gut microbes and serum metabolites were examined to identify regulating mechanisms. A total of 129 undergraduates were randomly assigned to fiber‐rich (FR) diet, rope‐skipping (RS), combined FR–RS and control groups. The results showed that single interventions were as effective as combined interventions in improving weight, waist circumference, body fat, and lipid profile compared with control group. Notably, the FR group further reduced low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) and uric acid (UA) (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed four gut microbiota–metabolite–host axes in improving CMFs. Additionally, we used machine learning algorithms to further predict individual responses based on baseline gut microbiota composition, with specific microbial genera guiding targeted intervention selection. In conclusion, FR diet and/or RS were effective in improving CMFs, with the FR diet particular effectiveness in reducing LDL‐C and UA levels. These benefits may drive by gut microbiome–metabolite–host interactions. Moreover, the predictability of gut microbiota composition supports making targeted decisions in selecting interventions. Trial Registration: NCT04834687.
Tissue‐resident memory T cells in diseases and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Xie Daoyuan , Lu Guanting , Mai Gang , Guo Qiuyan , Xu Guofeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells are crucial components of the immune system that provide rapid, localized responses to recurrent pathogens at mucosal and epithelial barriers. Unlike circulating memory T cells, TRM cells are located within peripheral tissues, and they play vital roles in antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor immunity. Their unique retention and activation mechanisms, including interactions with local epithelial cells and the expression of adhesion molecules, enable their persistence and immediate functionality in diverse tissues. Recent advances have revealed their important roles in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer, illuminating both their protective and their pathogenic potential. This review synthesizes current knowledge on TRM cells’ molecular signatures, maintenance pathways, and functional dynamics across different tissues. We also explore the interactions of TRM cells with other immune cells, such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, highlighting the complex network that underpins the efficacy of TRM cells in immune surveillance and response. Understanding the nuanced regulation of TRM cells is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies, including vaccines and immunotherapies, to enhance their protective roles while mitigating adverse effects. Insights into TRM cells’ biology hold promise for innovative treatments for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune conditions.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Metacognitions, Maladaptive Coping, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence via Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Babadostu Mübeccel Kübra , Eyrenci Aslı 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn recent years, many studies have investigated the triggers, perpetuating factors, and outcomes of Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR), highlighting its complexity with multiple dimensions that encompass both antecedents and consequences. In this sense, the cognitive approach to FCR has explored variables such as metacognition, maladaptive coping strategies, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). On the other hand, the findings of a restricted number of studies investigating the relationship between FCR and stated variables appear to be inconsistent. The objective of this study was thus to examine the relationship that existed among these variables in breast cancer survivors by moderated mediation model.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 130 breast cancer survivors completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IUS‐12), Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30), and Brief COPE Scale (BCS) Short Form. The mediated moderation analysis was conducted using Process Macro.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation found between FCR and IU (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), and between FCR and negative metacognitions (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). A weak to moderate positive correlation was identified between IU and maladaptive coping strategies (r = 0.19, p < 0.05), and between negative metacognitions and maladaptive coping strategies (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). The relationship between FCR and maladaptive coping strategies was nonsignificant (r = 0.16, p > 0.05). As a result of hierarchical regression analysis, controlling for demographic and clinical variables, IU, positive metacognitions, and negative metacognitions significantly explained 45%, 2%, and 1% of the variance in FCR, respectively.ConclusionThe results of the current study contribute to the literature in terms of supporting the views that cognitive models of worrying could be used to understand the FCR mechanism and address the IU been which has limitedly studied in the FCR literature. The current study's findings have also contributed to the clinical field by highlighting the importance of incorporating breast cancer survivors' metacognitions and IU in FCR intervention programs.
Insomnia Prevalence and Correlates in Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment
Authors: Page Jessica M. , Morgans Alicia K. , Hassett Michael J. , Haakenstad Ellana , Manni Michael , McCleary Nadine J. , Zhou Eric S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundInsomnia is the most common sleep disturbance among cancer patients undergoing active treatment. If untreated, it is associated with significant physical and psychological health consequences. Prior efforts to determine insomnia prevalence and correlates have primarily assessed patients in clinical trials, in limited disease groups, and excluding important patient subgroups. These findings are likely to be influenced by research participation effects, which could bias outcomes. We sought to address these limitations in a large, real‐world sample.MethodsBetween 2018 and 2021, all patients seen at our institution were offered an electronic patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire where they could self‐report on a range of symptoms based on the National Cancer Institute's PRO‐CTCAE. Medical records were abstracted for demographics and cancer diagnosis/treatment. We evaluated N = 9350 patients for whom there was complete data.ResultsDuring cancer treatment, 21% of patients reported insomnia symptoms. Demographically, prevalence was higher in patients who were female (22% vs. 19%), younger than 60 years of age (22% vs. 20%), non‐White (24% vs. 20%), and on public insurance (22% vs. 20%). Medically, patients undergoing palliative treatment were more likely to report insomnia symptoms, irrespective of cancer site (23% vs. 19%). The prevalence of insomnia symptoms ranged from 18% (genitourinary) to 23% (gastrointestinal).ConclusionMore than 1 in 5 cancer patients suffer from symptoms of insomnia. It is important that oncologists and cancer centers routinely assess insomnia severity in their patients. Leveraging the use of existing patient‐reported outcomes at an institution may be important to help with the identification of insomnia symptoms.
Analysis of Chemical Components of Penicillium chrysogenum Crude Extract Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Q‐Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Combined With GNPS Molecular Networking
Authors: Lu Ya , Yang Jiao , Ma Kun , Qi Jiahui , Villegas‐Moreno Jessica 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA Chinese isolate of the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum was analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry combined with Global Natural Products Social Networking (GNPS) on culture condition leading to the rapid identification of 20 secondary metabolites. Among them are eight polyketones, two phthalides, six diketopiperazine alkaloids, and others. A meleagrine network was examined and proposed as a promising candidate for new natural products.