bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualisation of family and language practice in family language policy research on migrants: a systematic review
Authors: Bose Priyanka , Gao Xuesong , Starfield Sue , Sun Shuting , Ramdani Junjun Muhamad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFamily language policy (FLP) is increasingly recognised as a distinct domain of language policy concerned with the family as an arena of language policy formulation and implementation. While FLP is a relatively new research area, its conceptualisation of family and language practice requires re-examination due to social changes and technological developments, including the expansion of digital communication within families and the rise of globally dispersed families a product of global migration and transnationalism. In this systematic review of migrant FLP research, we investigate how the notions of family and language practice are conceptualised in research. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we identified a total of 163 articles for analysis. Our analysis reveals that the majority of studies were conducted in nuclear families, i.e., those consisting of a father, a mother, and one or more children. Studies also tend to conceptualise the family as fixed and physically located in one place. Paradoxically, around half of the studies acknowledge the presence of geographically dispersed family relations, but this does not necessarily affect their conceptualisation of what comprises a family. Language practice was conceptualised as physical and face-to-face communication in 51% of instances, with only 11% incorporating an analysis of digital communications. Based on our review, we recommend that FLP researchers researching migrant families reconceptualise the family as geographically dispersed and language practice as digital and multimodal when necessary. Such a reconceptualisation will help researchers understand the hitherto underexamined contributions of dispersed family members and multimodal digital communications in migrant FLP.
Dietary inflammatory index is associated with Vitamin D in CKD patients
Authors: Wu Wenhui , Li Xiurong , Di Jia , Zhou Hua , Niu Hongyan , Yang Min 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Multiple observational studies have shown that low serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been associated with a faster progression of kidney disease and a higher risk of all-cause mortality. We aim to assess the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) with Vitamin D in adults with CKD.

Method
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey appropriated participants from 2009 to 2018 were enrolled. The patients who were under the age of 18, pregnant, and having incomplete data were excluded. DII score were calculated based on a single 24-h dietary recall interview for each participant. Mutivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were utilized to determine the independent associations between vitamin D with DII in CKD patients.

Results
In total, 4283 individuals were finally included. The results showed a negative association between DII scores and 25(OH)D with statistical significance (β =  – 1.83, 95% CI  – 2.31,  – 1.34, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis stratified by gender, low eGFR, age and diabetes, the negative association between DII scores and 25(OH)D was still significant (all P for trend < 0.05). The results from interacion test indicated that the magnitude of the association was the same for the population with and without low eGFR (P for interacion = 0.464).

Conclusion
Higher consumption of pro-inflammatory diet correlates negatively with the 25(OH)D level in CKD patients with and without low eGFR. Anti-inflammatory diet management may reduce the reduction of vitamin D in CKD patients.
All savanna islands of fertility are not equal: colonial birds influence soil nutrient stoichiometries with consequences for tree seedling growth
Authors: Aikins Timothy K. , Thomson Robert L. , Cramer Michael D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIslands of fertility associated with tree/shrub patches in arid grasslands create spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients. Faunal activities under these trees/shrubs may contribute to diverse characteristics of these fertile patches of soil due to different faecal inputs. This study used the tree islands of fertility (TIFs) created by camelthorn (Vachellia erioloba) and shepherd trees (Boscia albitrunca) and these species that also host sociable weavers (Philetairus socius) nests (bird islands of fertility; BIFs) in the Kalahari Desert to investigate the diversity in islands of fertility. We hypothesized that grasslands, the TIFs, and the BIFs differ in both the concentrations and stoichiometries of soil nutrients due to the sources of nutrients and that this subsequently determines the growth and foliar nutrient concentrations and stoichiometries of plants that grow on these soils. We predicted that seedlings grown on soils from BIFs would have greater growth, higher biomass yield, and higher foliar nutrients than those grown on soils from TIFs and grasslands. We sampled and grew camelthorn seedlings in soils from BIFs, TIFs, and matrix grasslands. Despite the higher soil nutrients in TIFs than in grasslands, there were no significant differences in seedling growth. However, we observed significantly higher seedling growth in BIF soils compared to TIF soils. Seedlings grown in soils from BIFs and grasslands allocated more growth to shoots and roots, respectively, while those grown on TIF soils were intermediate. The foliar nutrient stoichiometries of seedlings grown in BIF soils were similar to the stoichiometric ratios in BIF soils and in sociable weaver faecal matter. This shows that the faecal input of the sociable weaver accounts for the growth differences in these islands of fertility. The ecological engineering activities of the sociable weaver address nutrient limitations for camelthorn seedling growth, which TIF soils could not address despite the high faecal input of mammals.
Photoluminescence Study of As Doped p-type HgCdTe Absorber for Infrared Detectors Operating in the Range up to 8 µm
Authors: Murawski K. , Majkowycz K. , Kopytko M. , Martyniuk P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA HgCdTe photodiode grown by chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a GaAs substrate operating in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) range was characterized using photoluminescence (PL) measurements. At high temperatures, the PL spectrum originates from a free-carrier emission and might be fitted by a theoretical expression being the product of the density of states and the Fermi–Dirac distribution. At low temperatures, the PL spectrum consists of multiple emission peaks that do not originate solely from the energy gap. Such spectra are not unambiguous to interpret due to the prominence of different optical transitions. Spectral response (SR) measurements were used to determine the energy gap (Eg) and extract the band-to-band transition from the PL spectra. PL peaks visible within the band gap were fitted by a Gaussian distribution. To identify the sources of individual emission peaks, excitation power dependence analysis was conducted. Band-to-band, free-to-bound, acceptor-bound exciton, and defect-bound exciton transitions were identified. At low temperatures, transitions are mainly impurity-related, with shallow impurity levels estimated to be 6 meV and 16 meV for the donor and acceptor, respectively, while deep-level impurities were associated with VHg. The latter transition with an energy of about 78 meV does not vary with temperature. Its relative positions with respect to the energy gap is 0.8 Eg at 18 K and 0.67 Eg at 80 K.
Epistemic Injustice and Nonmaleficence
Authors: Della Croce Yoann 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEpistemic injustice has undergone a steady growth in the medical ethics literature throughout the last decade as many ethicists have found it to be a powerful tool for describing and assessing morally problematic situations in healthcare. However, surprisingly scarce attention has been devoted to how epistemic injustice relates to physicians’ professional duties on a conceptual level. I argue that epistemic injustice, specifically testimonial, collides with physicians’ duty of nonmaleficence and should thus be actively fought against in healthcare encounters on the ground of professional conduct. I do so by fleshing out how Fricker’s conception of testimonial injustice conflicts with the duty of nonmaleficence as defined in Beauchamp and Childress on theoretical grounds. From there, I argue that testimonial injustice produces two distinct types of harm, epistemic and non-epistemic. Epistemic harms are harms inflicted by the physician to the patient qua knower, whereas non-epistemic harms are inflicted to the patient qua patient. This latter case holds serious clinical implications and represent a failure of the process of due care on the part of the physician. I illustrate this through examples taken from the literature on fibromyalgia syndrome and show how testimonial injustice causes wrongful harm to patients, making it maleficent practice. Finally, I conclude on why nonmaleficence as a principle will not be normatively enough to fully address the problem of epistemic injustice in healthcare but nevertheless may serve as a good starting point in attempting to do so.
Treatment of osteoporosis using a selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine in an orchiectomized rat model
Authors: Böker K. O. , Komrakova M. , Fahrendorff L. , Spelsberg B. R. , Hoffmann D. B. , Schilling A. F. , Lehmann W. , Taudien S. , Sehmisch S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine has been shown to have advantageous effects on skeletal tissue properties, reducing muscle wasting and improving physical function in males. However, data on effects in male osteoporosis remain limited. In this study, the effects of ostarine on osteoporotic bone were evaluated in a rat model of male osteoporosis and compared with those of testosterone treatments.

Methods
Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either non-orchiectomized to serve as a healthy control (Non-Orx, Group 1) or orchiectomized (Orx, Groups 2–6) and then grouped (n = 15/group): (1) Non-Orx, (2) Orx, (3) Ostarine Therapy, (4) Testosterone Therapy, (5) Ostarine Prophylaxis and (6) Testosterone Prophylaxis. Prophylaxis treatments started directly after orchiectomy and continued for 18 weeks, whereas Therapy treatments were initiated 12 weeks after Orx. Ostarine and Testosterone were applied orally at daily doses of 0.4 and 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The lumbar vertebral bodies and femora were analyzed using biomechanical, micro-CT, ashing, and gene expression analyses.

Results
Ostarine Prophylaxis showed positive effects in preventing osteoporotic changes in cortical and trabecular bone (femoral trabecular density: 26.01 ± 9.1% vs. 20.75 ± 1.2% in Orx and in L4: 16.3 ± 7.3% vs 11.8 ± 2.9% in Orx); biomechanical parameters were not affected; prostate weight was increased (0.62 ± 0.13 g vs 0.18 ± 0.07 g in Orx). Ostarine Therapy increased solely the cortical density of the femur (1.25 ± 0.03 g/cm3 vs. 1.18 ± 0.04 g/cm3 in Orx); other bone parameters remained unaffected. Testosteron Prophylaxis positively influenced cortical density in femur (1.24 ± 0.05 g/cm3 vs. 1.18 ± 0.04 g/cm3 in Orx); Test. Therapy did not change any bony parameters.

Conclusion
Ostarine Prophylaxis could be further investigated as a preventative treatment for male osteoporosis, but an androgenic effect on the prostate should be taken into consideration, and combination therapies with other anti-osteoporosis agents could be considered.
Two-sided Galois duals of multi-twisted codes
Authors: Taki Eldin Ramy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGalois duals of Multi-twisted (MT) codes are considered in this study. We describe a MT code $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
as a module over a principal ideal domain. Hence, $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
has a generator polynomial matrix (GPM) $$\textbf{G}$$
G
that satisfies an identical equation. We prove a GPM formula for the Euclidean dual $$\mathcal {C}^\perp $$

C

⊥

using the identical equation of the Hermite normal form of $$\textbf{G}$$
G
. Next, we aim to replace the Euclidean dual with the Galois dual. The Galois inner product is an asymmetric form, so we distinguish between the right and left Galois duals. We show that the right and left Galois duals of a MT code are MT as well but with possibly different shift constants. Some interconnected identities for the right and left Galois duals of a linear code are established and we also introduce the two-sided Galois dual. We use a condition that makes the two-sided Galois dual of a MT code MT, then we describe its GPM. Two special cases are also studied, one when the right and left Galois duals trivially intersect and the other when they coincide. A necessary and sufficient condition is established for the equality of the right and left Galois duals of any linear code.
Geochemical characteristics and oil–oil correlation of the upper Cretaceous oils from the Iranian part of the Persian Gulf Basin
Authors: Talaie Faramarz , Kadkhodaie Ali , Arian Mehran , Aleali Mohsen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Cenomanian Sarvak oil reservoirs are distributed over large areas of the Persian Gulf basin. The purpose of this study is analyzing the geochemical characteristics of the Sarvak oil reservoirs and their inter-relationships in the Persian Gulf, classification of the Sarvak oil samples and investigation of the possible causes of the genetic difference in oil families. In the previous studies, limited samples of Sarvak oil reservoir in scarce oilfields were studied individually and local interpretations are made accordingly. The current study employs a more complete set of geochemical from the Iranian part of Persian Gulf and regional interpretations are drawn. To achieve this goal, the geochemical data of 41 oil samples from 10 oilfields were collected and assessed based on gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and stable carbon isotope analysis. It was demonstrated with the evaluations that the oils accumulated in the Upper Cretaceous Sarvak reservoirs in the Persian Gulf basin originate from different source rocks. The oil samples are genetically classified into four oil families based on the similarities and differences of parameters related to the depositional environment-dependent parameters using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), star diagram, and stable carbon isotope diagram. The source rocks were mainly deposited in anoxic marine carbonate environments. The thermal maturity of the oils was evaluated using steranes and trisnorhopanes. Oil families 2 and 4 (located at the center of the Persian Gulf) have the highest thermal maturity compared to the other samples; in contrast, oil family 1 (located at the west of the Persian Gulf) has the lowest thermal maturity. The possible source rocks of oil family 1 and family 3 (located at eastern Persian Gulf) using C28/C29 steranes are the upper Cretaceous successions; in contrast, the possible source rocks of oil families 2 and 4 are the upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic formations. Results of the study show a high similarity between the oils of families 2 and 4, which are located at the center of the Persian Gulf; these results also recognize the significant difference between these two oil families and oil families 1 and 3. The significant issue raised in this study is to find out the reason for this difference. The structural analysis of the central Persian Gulf shows that huge vertical faults created by salt domes intrusion provided the migration pathways for trapping oil in Sarvak reservoirs. The oils of the Surmeh, Fahliyan, and Dariyan reservoirs have migrated upwards through these faults to be trapped in the Sarvak Formation across the central Persian Gulf.
Intersectionality and Structural Drivers of Fatal Overdose Disparities in the United States: a Narrative Review
Authors: Valasek C. J. , Bazzi Angela R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Disaggregated data has increasingly confirmed the persistence of racial and ethnic disparities in fatal drug-related overdose in the United States. Less is known about additional disparities or how they interact to exacerbate mortality. Utilizing an intersectional framework, we reviewed literature on fatal overdose disparities and potential structural drivers.

Recent Findings
Most published studies document overdose disparities by race and ethnicity; research examining other identity-based and sociodemographic disparities (e.g., gender, sexuality, lifecourse stage, disability) is emerging but more limited. Some studies point to potential structural drivers of disparities (e.g., housing, law enforcement interactions, employment, prevention and treatment service access), yet major data limitations inhibit complex research. Nevertheless, intervention and implementation strategies to reduce overdose exist.

Summary
An intersectional framework helps explore how marginalization and unequal access to financial resources, power, legal rights, and services drive fatal overdose disparities while illuminating promising strategies that warrant additional, rapid research.
Psychological features in male and female adolescents with eating disorders: is it the same condition?
Authors: Riva Anna , Purpura Giulia , Di Guardo Simona , Falbo Mariella , Pigni Maria , Nacinovich Renata 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders with a typical prevalence in adolescence. EDs have long been wrongly considered female gender-bound disorders, resulting in a systematic underrepresentation of males in EDs research. The main goal of the present study is exploring the clinical and psychological characteristics of adolescent males with EDs in comparison with females.

Methods
In this observational and retrospective study, 14 males and 28 females hospitalized for eating disorders during the adolescent age (from 12 to 17.11 years) were recruited. Main clinical data (age, BMI, duration of illness), behavioural characteristic of the disorder (over-exercising, self-harm, purging-behaviours) and psychological symptoms (Eating Disorders Inventory-3rd edition—EDI-3, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised—SCL-90, Children’s Global Assessment Scale—C-GAS) were collected and examined for significant correlations with severity of body mass index (BMI).

Results
Adolescent males show a peculiar and more severe psychopathological profiles partially influenced by BMI and characterized by purging-behaviours, over-exercising, obsessive–compulsive behaviour, anxiety, and psychoticism.

Conclusion
This study suggests a gender-specific profile of adolescent males with EDs, which may be considered in diagnosis and treatment.

Level III

Evidence obtained from retrospective well-designed case–control study.
Content-based comparison of communities in social networks: Ex-Yugoslavian reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Evkoski Bojan , Kralj Novak Petra , Ljubešić Nikola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe discuss the added value of various approaches for identifying similarities in social network communities based on the content they produce. We show the limitations of observing communities using topology-only and illustrate the benefits and complementarity of including supplementary data when analyzing social networks. As a case study, we analyze the reactions of the Ex-Yugoslavian retweet communities to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, comparing topological inter-community interaction with their content-based similarity (hashtags, news sources, topics and sentiment). The findings indicate that despite the Ex-Yugoslavian countries having a common macro-language, their retweet communities exhibit diverse responses to the invasion. Certain communities exhibit a notable level of content-based similarity, although their topological similarity remains relatively low. On the other hand, there are communities that display high similarity in specific types of content, but demonstrate less similarity when considering other aspects. For example, we identify a strong echo-chamber community linked to the Serbian government that deliberately avoids the invasion topic, despite showing news source similarities with other communities highly active on the subject. In summary, our study highlights the importance of employing multifaceted approaches to analyzing community similarities, as they enable a more comprehensive understanding of social media discourse. This approach extends beyond the confines of our specific case study, presenting opportunities to gain valuable insights into complex social events across various contexts.
What Causes the Discrepancy in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Between Parental Hesitancy for Themselves and for Their Children During Lockdown Period?
Authors: Zhao Tianshuo , Wang Chao , Zhang Sihui , Chen Linyi , Han Bingfeng , Liu Hanyu , Xie Mingzhu , Cai Xianming , Zhang Shanshan , Zhou Yiguo , Li Guoxing , Liu Bei , Du Juan , Zeng Jing , Liu Yaqiong , Lu Qingbin , Cui Fuqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Parents are usually the decision-makers for vaccinations of children. Therefore, it is important to understand parental beliefs and attitudes toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine for themselves and their children when it was approved for children age 3–17.

Method
A cross-sectional survey based on an anonymous online questionnaire for parents was conducted in seven provinces of China, and demographic information, vaccination history, parental decision motives, and health belief model toward themselves and their children were collected, respectively.

Results
The overall parental hesitancy rate toward themselves was 20.30%, and that toward their children was 7.80%. More parental concerns on disease severity (odd ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.61) and susceptibility (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–1.63) of children could be the causes of discrepancy in hesitancy for themselves and for their children. Parents who hesitated to vaccinate themselves might also be hesitated to vaccinate their children (β = 0.077, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Threat perception may lead to inconsistencies in parental vaccination decisions toward themselves and toward their children. Correcting misinformation and strengthening education about COVID-19 are of great significance in addressing vaccine hesitancy among parents and children.
Expression of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A tertiary care center study
Authors: Obeidat Fatima N. , Al Khader Ali , Abdaljaleel Maram , Assaf Farah J.N. , Alsa’oudi Ma’mon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The significance of androgen receptor (AR) expression in bladder cancer is the focus of current research. This study aimed to assess the significance of AR expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Methods
A total of 206 cases of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder were reviewed and immunohistochemical staining for AR was performed. The histological score was calculated as the product of the staining intensity and percentage of cells with positive nuclear staining. The staining results were correlated with demographic parameters, tumor grade, and detrusor muscle invasion status.

Results
Seventy-eight percent (n = 161) of cases tested positive for AR expression. AR was significantly overexpressed in non-muscle-invasive tumors (p = 0.042). Moreover, A higher AR expression was associated with increased disease-free survival (p = 0.019). However, AR expression was not significantly associated with cancer-specific survival, patient sex, or tumor grade (0.359, 0.747, and 0.867, respectively). AR expression is inversely related to muscle invasion and recurrence in bladder cancer.

Conclusion
The results of this study support those of several reports worldwide. Further molecular studies are required to elucidate the role of androgens in bladder cancer pathogenesis and therapy.

Highlights