bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Clinical Experience and Biomechanical Analysis of a Novel Gravity Unit–Assisted Valve (M.blue) in Pediatric Patients With Hydrocephalus: A Retrospective Study With Two Years of Follow-up
Authors: Issa Mohammed , Paggetti Filippo , Seitz Angelika , von Hardenberg August , Unterberg Andreas W. , El Damaty Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:
Overdrainage is a widely reported complication representing common indication for shunt revision. Despite recent advances in valve design, repeated shunt revisions represent burden on healthcare systems.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the efficiency of a novel gravity unit–assisted programmable valve “M.blue” in pediatric hydrocephalus using clinical and biomechanical analyses.

METHODS:
Thisretrospective single-center study included pediatric patients who received M.blue valve between April 2019 and 2021. Several clinical and biomechanical parameters were documented including complications and revision rates. Flow rate, functional assessment in vertical and horizontal positions, and extent of depositions inside valve were analyzed in explanted valves.

RESULTS:
Thirty-seven M.blue valves in 34 pediatric patients with hydrocephalus (mean age 2.82 ± 3.91 years) were included. Twelve valves (32.4%) were explanted during a follow-up period of 27.3 ± 7.9 months. One-year survival rate of 89% and overall survival rate of 67.6% with a valve survival average of 23.8 ± 9.7 months were observed. Patients with explanted valves (n = 12) were significantly younger, with 0.91 ± 0.54 years of age in average (P= .004), and showed significantly more adjustments difficulties (
P= .009). 58.3% of explanted valves showed deposits in more than 75% of the valve surface despite normal cerebrospinal fluid findings and were associated with dysfunctional flow rate in vertical, horizontal, or both positions.

CONCLUSION:
The novel M.blue valve with integrated gravity unit is efficient in pediatric hydrocephalus with comparable survival rate. Deposits inside valves could affect its flow rate in different body positions and might lead to dysfunction or difficulties in valve adjustments.
Evidence-based operational model for conducting an online, synchronous, proctored, closed book professional examination during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Mohanraj Jaiprakash , Rolland Karkada Ivan , Nordin Rusli 
Published: March 2023

Background: Medical education has migrated online as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Formative and summative evaluation are critical in medical education to support the learning process. However, many problems occur during online assessment, such as internet access, proctoring, and reliable software. To mitigate this situation, there is presently no standardised model available that demonstrates reliability and validity, particularly when it involves high-stake examinations. The goal of this study was to introduce an evidence-based operational model that was used to conduct a comprehensive high stake online examination to Year 2 MBBS students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to entering the clinical years (year 3-5), year 2 MBBS students were expected to pass their high-stake examination earlier conducted as face-to-face session which is now administered online. Methods: The model proposed enables the conduct of an online, synchronous, proctored, closed-book examination in real-time that is comparable to the face-to-face (FTF) manual examination. The examination and invigilation were carried out using the Learning Management System (LMS) and Google Meet applications with the existing information technology (IT) facilities and the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was developed to optimise and integrate the technology effectively. Results: Both students and faculty were satisfied with the online examination, with the latter being more so. The online examination with a Cronbach alpha score of 0.71 suggested good internal consistency and reliability and various test of validity ensured this online model was dependable, reproducible and concurrent with other examinations. Conclusions: We concluded that this operational model is a credible alternative to the FTF examination that requires new learning technology and is very cost effective. Thus, we highly recommend this model for all examinations that involve participation of off campus students.
Lumefantrine pressure selects nonsynonymous mutation in cysteine desulfurase IscS gene in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Gachie Beatrice , Chepngetich Jean , Muriithi Brenda , Thiong’o Kelvin , Gathirwa Jeremiah , Kimani Francis , Mwitari Peter , Magoma Gabriel , Kiboi Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Background: Lumefantrine (LM), piperaquine (PQ), and amodiaquine (AQ) are the essential long-acting partner drugs in the artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) treatment regimens globally. The recent report on the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites portends an imminent failure of the partner drug in clearing the high residual parasite densities. Understanding the resistance mechanisms to partner drugs remains critical for tracking resistant parasites. Cysteine desulfurase IscS (nfs1), one of the proteins involved in the iron-sulfur (FeS) biogenesis pathway, has been implicated in mediating malaria parasite drug resistance. Methods: Using the rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei ANKA in mice, we assessed whether the nfs1 gene is associated with LM, PQ, and AQ resistance. We first verified the stability of the LM, PQ, and AQ-resistant parasites in the standard 4-Day Suppressive Test. By means of PCR and sequencing analysis, we probed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the nfs1 gene. Using qPCR, we then measured the expression of the nfs1 gene in resistant parasites relative to the drug-sensitive parent parasites. Results: Our analyses of nfs1 reveal a non-synonymous Gln142Arg mutation in the LM and PQ-resistant parasites. This mutation was not detected in the AQ-resistant parasites. The mRNA quantification of the nfs1 gene reveals differential expression in both LM and PQ-resistant parasites. Conversely, nfs1 expression remained unchanged in the AQ-resistant parasites. Conclusion: Our data suggest that LM and PQ selection pressure induces nonsynonymous mutation and differential expression of the nfs1 gene in Plasmodium berghei. Collectively, these findings provide a premise for investigating LM and PQ resistance mechanisms in both P. berghei and P. falciparum.
Influence of Phi (Φ) Shaped in Circular Ring Inserts on Thermal Performance in Circular Tube Heat Exchanger: CFD Study
Authors: Kandpal Gaurav , Singh Satyendra , Bisht Shubham , Kharkwal Himanshi 
Published: March 2023

Enhancement of heat exchangers with the usage of inserts which creates turbulence in fluid flow by enhancing heat transfer rate which is an appealing area for researchers to develop efficient and compact heat exchanger with low expenses. Present work deals with computational investigation on circular tube with ϕ� shaped circular ring inserts taken as enhancer for better experience in heat transfer. The geometric dimensions of insert are 68 mm outer diameter with inner ring is half of outer diameter concentric ring having varying DR of 0.8, 0.85 and 0.9 with varying PR 3, 4 & 5 in which hydraulic diameter is 68.1 mm. The length of test section is 1500 mm with 1000 W/m22 of regular heat flux is applied and Re ranges from 3000 to 21000.
CFD analysis conducted, compared & results are presented where maximum augmentation of heat transfer could be obtained 5.02–11.21 times simultaneously TPF is 2.14–3.54 times as compared to smooth tube for inserts with DR 0.8 and PR 3 which attained maximum S˙S˙ 3.07–5.1.
Keywords: Heat exchanger, thermal performance factor, CFD analysis.
Nomenclature
Structural, programmatic, and sociocultural intersectionality of gender influencing access-uptake of reproductive, maternal, and child health services in developing regions of Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kebede Yohannes , Teshome Firanbon , Binu Wakgari , Kebede Ayantu , Seid Anwar , Kasaye Habtamu K. , Alemayehu Yibeltal Kiflie , Tekalign Wondimagegn , Medhin Girmay , Abera Yared , Tadesse Derebe , Gerbaba Mulusew J. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Gender remains a critical social factor in reproductive, maternal, and child health and family planning (RMNCH/FP) care. However, its intersectionality with other social determinants of the RMNCH remains poorly documented. This study aimed to explore the influence of gender intersectionality on the access uptake of RMNCH/FP in Developing Regional States (DRS) in Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study to explore the intersectionality of gender with other social and structural factors and its influence on RMNCH/FP use in 20 selected districts in four DRS of Ethiopia. We conducted 20 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 32 in-depth and key informant interviews (IDIs/KIIs) among men and women of reproductive age who were purposively selected from communities and organizations in different settings. Audio-recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.

Findings
Women in the DRS were responsible for the children and families’ health care and information, and household chores, whereas men mainly engaged in income generation, decision making, and resource control. Women who were overburdened with household chores were not involved in decision-making, and resource control was less likely to incur transport expenses and use RMNCH/FP services. FP was less utilized than antenatal, child, and delivery services in the DRS,as it was mainly affected by the sociocultural, structural, and programmatic intersectionality of gender. The women-focused RMNCH/FP education initiatives that followed the deployment of female frontline health extension workers (HEWs) created a high demand for FP among women. Nonetheless, the unmet need for FP worsened as a result of the RMNCH/FP initiatives that strategically marginalized men, who often have resource control and decision-making virtues that emanate from the sociocultural, religious, and structural positions they assumed.

Conclusions
Structural, sociocultural, religious, and programmatic intersectionality of gender shaped access to and use of RMNCH/FP services. Men’s dominance in resource control and decision-making in sociocultural-religious affairs intersected with their poor engagement in health empowerment initiatives that mainly engaged women set the key barrier to RMNCH/FP uptake. Improved access to and uptake of RMNCH would best result from gender-responsive strategies established through a systemic understanding of intersectional gender inequalities and through increased participation of men in RMNCH programs in the DRS of Ethiopia.
ABB, a salient prototype of collocate–ideophone constructions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Van Hoey Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
ABB words in Chinese, e.g., hēi-qīqī ‘pitch black’, have been studied for a long time. Most traditional studies analyze these words through derivational rules involving empty suffixes. However, this is problematic, as they are better seen as compounds involving a prosaic A and an ideophonic BB part. By treating ABB as a schema sanctioned by collocate–ideophonic constructions, it is possible to investigate other similar patterns. A corpus study (more than 5,000 tokens) revealed that on the level of schemas, ABB truly acts as a prototype of such constructions, but that it is far from the only pattern to be identified. A second corpus-based study on the level of exemplars showed there are different pockets of salience and non-uniformity in the data from four angles: cue validity, frequency, dispersion, and constructional preference. This paper provides evidence that the traditional ABB narrative needs to be complemented with usage-based data, and grapple with the lexical salience effects this brings along for words involving iconicity.
Study of NAD-interacting proteins highlights the extent of NAD regulatory roles in the cell and its potential as a therapeutic target
Authors: Duarte-Pereira Sara , Matos Sérgio , Oliveira José Luís , Silva Raquel M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels are essential for the normal physiology of the cell and are strictly regulated to prevent pathological conditions. NAD functions as a coenzyme in redox reactions, as a substrate of regulatory proteins, and as a mediator of protein-protein interactions. The main objectives of this study were to identify the NAD-binding and NAD-interacting proteins, and to uncover novel proteins and functions that could be regulated by this metabolite. It was considered if cancer-associated proteins were potential therapeutic targets. Using multiple experimental databases, we defined datasets of proteins that directly interact with NAD – the NAD-binding proteins (NADBPs) dataset – and of proteins that interact with NADBPs – the NAD-protein–protein interactions (NAD-PPIs) dataset. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that NADBPs participate in several metabolic pathways, while NAD-PPIs are mostly involved in signalling pathways. These include disease-related pathways, namely, three major neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Then, the complete human proteome was further analysed to select potential NADBPs. TRPC3 and isoforms of diacylglycerol (DAG) kinases, which are involved in calcium signalling, were identified as new NADBPs. Potential therapeutic targets that interact with NAD were identified, that have regulatory and signalling functions in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Microstructure analysis, constitutive relationship, and processing map of novel pre-aged Mg-Zn-Gd-Er alloy with different deformation ranges
Authors: Che Bo , Lu Liwei , Wang Lifei , Yang Yan , Qi Fugang , Ma Min , Zhao Hongmei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pre-aged Mg-6Zn-1Gd-1Er alloy is a novel rapid aging hardening Mg alloy, and studying its hot deformation behavior has an important role in promoting the development of lightweight alloy materials. To study this, the flow stress curves of pre-aged Mg-6Zn-1Gd-1Er alloy at 180–380 °C and 10−3−10 s−1 were obtained by isothermal compression tests. The constitutive equations of the medium-high temperature deformation (MHTD) and the low-temperature deformation (LTD) were established, and their activation energies were 155.78 kJ mol−1 and 178.00 kJ mol−1, respectively. Based on the constitutive equation analysis, the glide and climb of dislocations and the cross-slip of dislocations was the deformation mechanism during MHTD and LTD, respectively. In order to determine the appropriate hot processing parameters, the hot processing map of the pre-aged Mg-6Zn-1Gd-1Er alloy under 0.2–0.8 strain was constructed based on the dynamic material model. The hot processing maps indicate that this pre-aged alloy at low temperature (180–230 °C) and high strain rates (1–10 s−1) mainly occurs flow instability, and the optimal hot processing window appears at a 330–380 °C and 10−3 to 10−2 s−1 range. Furthermore, the deformation mechanism of the stable domain with high power dissipation efficiency in the hot processing map was continuous dynamic recrystallization, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization, and particle-stimulated nucleation mechanisms.
Effects of process parameters on strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg
Authors: Gökdağ İstemihan , Acar Erdem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In industries like automotive and aerospace, the demand for structures with a high strength-weight ratio is increasing. Additive manufacturing (AM) studies and applications of AlSi10Mg material have increased due to the improvement of mechanical properties when the production is performed at high cooling rates in the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) method. The study aims to investigate the effect of the AM process parameters on the microstructure features, and determine the mathematical relationship between yield strength and process parameters to obtain better mechanical properties. In this study, AlSi10Mg specimens are manufactured using L-PBF method with different process parameters. Microstructure images of the manufactured specimens are obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Melt pool width, eutectic cell size and diameter of Si precipitates are measured using the microstructure images. Parametric equations are generated between the process parameters and microstructural features including eutectic cell size and Si precipitate diameter. Thus, relationships between strengthening mechanisms and process parameters are established by integrating the generated equations into the related strengthening mechanisms. Consequently, the yield strength model of AlSi10Mg material is developed as a function of the process parameters of L-PBF method. It is found that the developed model estimates close results to the nano-indentation results.
Hydride formation mechanisms in Zr-containing amorphous alloys during sample preparation and atom probe tomography
Authors: Yipyintum Chetarpa , Lee Ji Yeong , Suh Jin-Yoo , Lohwongwatana Boonrat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydride formation in Zr-containing amorphous alloys as an experimental artifact was investigated utilizing atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy, and focused ion beam with normal and cryogenic conditions. The amount of hydrogen existing in the atom probe specimens decreased significantly by utilizing focused ion beam milling under cryogenic condition. Also, the formation of hydride was confirmed by diffraction pattern analysis in the remaining tip of the specimen after the atom probe tomography experiment. With those collected pieces of evidence, sources of hydrogen in the atom probe tomography were discussed.
Experimental and numerical investigation of expansion corner effects on isolator performance
Authors: Quadros Jaimon D. , Khan Sher Afghan , Prashanth T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the effect of expansion corner on suddenly expanded flow process has been studied. Experimental investigations have been carried out on a convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle and isolator duct, where the expansion of the channel is formed through the presence of a 1, 2 and 3 expansion corners (EC) respectively. Flow from nozzle exit of the nozzle of Mach, M = 2.0 was suddenly expanded into the axi-symmetric duct having a cross sectional area of 4.84 times the nozzle exit area. The wall static pressure along the length of the duct and the Pitot pressure at the exit plane of the duct were measured for all the configurations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was employed for visualizing the shock-train in the expanded duct. The isolator with one expansion corner was found to be more efficient in achieving a high static pressure rise. The experimental and numerical wall static pressure distribution values were compared for isolators with EC = 2 and found to be in good agreement with each other with a maximum absolute percentage deviation of 11%.
Сучасний стан організаційно-правового та кадрового забезпечення діяльності місцевих судів в умовах європеїзації системи судового адміністрування в Україні
Authors: Гончарук Наталія , Бєлова Алла 
Published: March 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу та вивченню сучасного стану організаційно-правового та кадрового забезпечення діяльності місцевих судів, як основної ланки системи правосуддя, в умовах європеїзації системи судового адміністрування в Україні. У статті проаналізовано нормативно-правове поле, що має ключове значення для судової системи України, зокрема, досліджено положення Законів України «Про ратифікацію Угоди про асоціацію між Україною, з однієї сторони, та Європейським Союзом, Європейським співтовариством з атомної енергії і їхніми державами-членами, з іншої сторони», «Про судоустрій України», «Про судоустрій і статус суддів», «Про державну службу» та інших актів законодавства. Обґрунтовано, що судове адміністрування має свою невід’ємну специфіку, яка не дозволяє застосовувати до нього загальні підходи та методи.
Узагальнено вітчизняний досвід становлення та розвитку судового адміністрування, його трансформації у рамках вже проведених раніше судових реформ. Визначено пріоритетні напрями вдосконалення організаційно-правового та кадрового забезпечення місцевих судів в умовах європеїзації системи судового адміністрування в Україні та запропоновано низку рішень, що спрямовані на: здійснення переходу до внутрішньо-системного судового управління задля вирішення ключових проблем, що існують всередині сучасної судової системи, гарантування самостійності і незалежності судової гілки влади в Україні; вдосконалення законодавства щодо впровадження судової реформи, гармонізацію національного законодавства із законодавством Європейського Союзу, підвищення ефективності організації судової влади та інститутів правосуддя, зміцнення довіри до них суспільства та формування їх позитивного іміджу, авторитету, здатного забезпечити утвердження верховенства права, що наряду із демократією, повагою до прав людини і основоположних свобод, є найголовнішою європейською цінністю.
La (des)ilusión de la autonomía: una aproximación al trabajo en la empresa UBER en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Diana Menéndez Nicolás 
Published: March 2023

Introducción: La economía de plataformas ha invadido las relaciones sociales de todo orden. Producto de la revolución informacional, la inteligencia artificial y el big data[1], las plataformas constituyen un signo de época que atraviesa y profundiza el conjunto de las relaciones mercantiles preexistentes, a la vez que mercantiliza una serie de actividades que, hasta su llegada, se encontraban ajenas a la lógica extractiva de datos. Las consecuencias de esta irrupción para el mundo del trabajo son múltiples y profundas.
Objetivos: Aquí nos proponemos analizar las prácticas de control y las condiciones de trabajo en UBER, una empresa que constituye un paradigma de las nuevas lógicas de gestión del trabajo a través de plataformas digitales.
Metodología: El estudio es de carácter cualitativo, se basa en diez entrevistas en profundidad realizadas durante los años 2019 y 2020 a personas que conducen para UBER, en las cuales se indagó, entre otras dimensiones, sobre condiciones de trabajo, mecanismos de control y sentidos del trabajo. Asimismo, se realizó el seguimiento periódico de dos foros de conductores y pasajeros.
Resultados: A lo largo del escrito se observa una multiplicidad de prácticas cotidianas desarrolladas por la empresa Uber para incidir en los comportamientos y controlar la actividad de las personas conductoras. Se verifica la capacidad de la plataforma para gestionar algorítmicamente el trabajo de modo masivo y personalizado, con efectos significativos sobre las condiciones de trabajo.
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