bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Perceptions of Safety and Debriefing in Forensic Mental Health Care in Finland
Authors: Asikainen Jaana , Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri , Repo-Tiihonen Eila , Louheranta Olavi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Safety is of paramount importance to patients and staff in forensic mental health hospitals. Previous research has focused on organizational and nurses’ perceptions of safety and violence in psychiatric wards. However, little is known about how patients view their safety. This study aimed to describe how patient debriefing can improve safety.

Methods
Qualitative research using thematic analysis was used. Data were collected by semistructured interviews and debriefing forms. Inpatient interviews (n = 45) were conducted between June and July 2018, with debriefing forms (n = 376) collected retrospectively.

Results
Forensic inpatient responses were divided into two main categories: psychological and physical security. Psychological safety included care culture and patient-related themes. Responses on care culture highlighted weaknesses in nurse–patient communication, whereas patient-related themes related to respondents’ descriptions of the challenges posed by mental illness. Physical safety related to both the environment and patient-related themes, with various restrictions and environmental distractions seen by respondents as negatively affecting patient safety.

Conclusions
Patients who participated in the study felt that care culture, especially communication with nurses, most significantly impacted their safety. Forensic hospitals should consider patients’ perceptions of their care while systematically gathering information through debriefing, as these practices can contribute to the development of a safer care environment. The next step will be clarifying how changes in nursing practices and the care environment can be used to prevent violence in psychiatric wards.
Enhancing Hepatitis A and B Vaccinations Through Electronic Clinical Decision Support Systems and Staff Education in a Correctional Facility
Authors: Atem Jude N. , El Ghaziri Mazen 
Published: March 2023

Background
Despite the prevalence and risks for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the availability of safe and effective vaccines, HAV/HBV vaccinations are disproportionately low in jails. This quality improvement project evaluated the effectiveness of clinical decision support systems: electronic standing orders to nurses, clinical alerts to nurses and healthcare providers, and secondarily staff education in enhancing HAV and HBV vaccination and knowledge of hepatitis infection.

Methods
We distributed a validated self-report hepatitis knowledge questionnaire (α = 0.7–0.8) before and after an educational presentation to nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians (N = 26) at a Northeastern state jail and then embedded electronic clinical alerts and standing orders in the electronic medical record. The questionnaire assessed pre- and posteducation knowledge scores. The number of vaccine status screenings and vaccinations was retrieved from the electronic medical record 3 months pre- and post-implementation. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test were used for data analysis.

Results
Twenty-one participants completed the pretest, 18 attended the educational intervention, and 15 completed the posttest. Vaccine status screening increased by 97.5%, and HAV and HBV vaccinations increased by 8.7%. Knowledge scores improved significantly post-intervention (p = 0.04), with an effect size of r = 0.67).

Discussion/Conclusion
Using the Donabedian quality of care model, we showed that quality initiatives are feasible in a jail setting. Implementing a clinical decision support system and education improved the vaccination rate, which may decrease HAV/HBV incidence in the jail and prevent community spread.
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Education Needs in Texas
Authors: Gary Jodie C. , Charles Laurie , Mitchell Stacey 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: As with many areas of the nation, Texas lacks a robust sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) workforce. A program in Texas offers courses to educate and expand SANE skills to better provide trauma-informed care to vulnerable populations. Methods: A survey to stakeholders of a SANE educational program, as part of a planned program evaluation, elicited not only barriers to providing care but also specific program needs to better expand access to sexual assault and domestic violence medical forensic examinations in Texas. Results: In January 2022, a total of 40 stakeholders, all registered nurses in the state of Texas, provided vital information on their current program. Analysis of written survey responses provided themes regarding barriers to providing SANE care and suggestions for expanded education. Discussion: The survey provided valuable feedback and comments on the perceptions of the current SANE program. Written responses offered direction for additional learning desires of SANEs associated with the program as well as areas for the program to expand to meet the needs of the learners. This stakeholder guidance has implications beyond this one SANE education program to enhance and expand other programs based on learner needs.
Diagnostic Value of Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy Using an Ultrathin Cryoprobe and Guide Sheath for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Chung Chaeuk , Kim Yoonjoo , Lee Jeong Eun , Kang Da Hyun , Park Dongil 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The addition of cryobiopsy to conventional biopsy methods improves the diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Moreover, cryobiopsy with a guide sheath (GS) provides additional diagnostic benefits. Semi-real-time biopsy can be repeatedly performed using conventional biopsy devices and a GS, and subsequent cryobiopsy can be easily performed at the same location. Recently, a disposable 1.1 mm-diameter ultrathin cryoprobe has been developed and can be used with a 1.95 mm GS in a 2.0 mm working channel. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) with the 1.1 mm cryoprobe and a GS in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial lung biopsy with a guide sheath and TBLC from July 23, 2021 to April 30, 2022 at Chungnam National University Hospital.

Results:
Of a consecutive series of 229 patients, 199 were included. The diagnostic yields of forceps biopsy and cryobiopsy were 65.3% (130/199) and 84.4% (168/199), respectively, and the total diagnostic yield was 91.5% (182/199) (P<0.001 vs. forceps biopsy). Multivariate analysis showed that solid lesion morphology [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.659, P=0.002] was associated with a significantly greater diagnostic yield of cryobiopsy, whereas a lesion diameter >20 mm (P=0.026; adjusted OR 3.816) and ‘within’ orientation (P=0.004; adjusted OR 6.174) were associated with a significantly greater overall diagnostic yield.

Conclusion:
TBLC using an ultrathin cryoprobe and GS markedly improves the diagnostic yield.
As-needed inhaled corticosteroids as add-on therapy versus SMART therapy: an evolving understanding of the two approaches in the management of moderate-to-severe asthma
Authors: Salciccioli Justin D. , Israel Elliot 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder, characterized by recurring, reversible airflow obstruction due to inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Although biologics have provided significant advances in the treatment of asthma, they are expensive, and their use remains restricted to more severe asthma. Additional approaches in the management of moderate-to-severe asthma are necessary.

Recent findings
ICS–formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy in asthma and its effect on improved asthma control has been demonstrated in multiple cohorts of asthma. Although ICS–formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy has been widely validated, there are significant design considerations including the requirement for exacerbation and bronchodilator response and the lack of evidence for effectiveness in patients who use nebulized reliever therapies, which may limit the use of this therapy in selected populations. More recent trials of as-needed ICS have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing asthma exacerbations and improvements in asthma control and may provide an additional therapeutic strategy for individuals with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Summary
Both ICS–formoterol as a maintenance and a reliever as well as as-needed ICS have demonstrated significant improvements in the control of moderate-to-severe asthma. Future investigational work will be necessary to elucidate whether a strategy of ICS–formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy or an as-needed ICS strategy demonstrates superiority in asthma control in the context of the cost to individual patients and health systems.
Disparities in the Operative Experience Between Female and Male General Surgery Residents
Authors: Winer Leah K. , Kader Sarah , Abelson Jonathan S. , Hammaker Austin C. , Eruchalu Chukwuma N. , Etheridge James C. , Cho Nancy L. , Foote Darci C. , Ivascu Felicia A. , Smith Savannah , Postlewait Lauren M. , Greenwell Kathriena , Meister Katherine M. , Montgomery Kelsey B. , Zmijewski Polina , Byrd Samuel E. , Kimbrough Mary K. , Stopenski Stephen J. , Nahmias Jeffry T. , Harvey Jalen , Farr Deborah , Callahan Zachary M. , Marks Joshua A. , Stahl Christopher C. , Al Yafi Motaz , Sutton Jeffrey M. , Elsaadi Ali , Campbell Samuel J. , Dodwad Shah-Jahan M. , Adams Sasha D. , Woeste Matthew R. , Martin Robert C.G. , Patel Purvi , Anstadt Michael J. , Nasim Bilal Waqar , Willis Ross E. , Patel Jitesh A. , Newcomb Melisa R. , George Brian C. , Quillin Ralph C. , Cortez Alexander R. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To examine differences in resident operative experience between male and female general surgery residents.

Background:
Despite increasing female representation in surgery, sex and gender disparities in residency experience continue to exist. The operative volume of male and female general surgery residents has not been compared on a multi-institutional level.

Methods:
Demographic characteristics and case logs were obtained for categorical general surgery graduates between 2010 and 2020 from the US Resident OPerative Experience Consortium database. Univariable, multivariable, and linear regression analyses were performed to compare differences in operative experience between male and female residents.

Results:
There were 1343 graduates from 20 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs, and 476 (35%) were females. There were no differences in age, race/ethnicity, or proportion pursuing fellowship between groups. Female graduates were less likely to be high-volume residents (27% vs 36%, P < 0.01). On univariable analysis, female graduates performed fewer total cases than male graduates (1140 vs 1177, P < 0.01), largely due to a diminished surgeon junior experience (829 vs 863, P < 0.01). On adjusted multivariable analysis, female sex was negatively associated with being a high-volume resident (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.98, P = 0.03). Over the 11-year study period, the annual total number of cases increased significantly for both groups, but female graduates (+16 cases/year) outpaced male graduates (+13 cases/year, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Female general surgery graduates performed significantly fewer cases than male graduates. Reassuringly, this gap in operative experience may be narrowing. Further interventions are warranted to promote equitable training opportunities that support and engage female residents.
Risk Factors Associated With Surgical Morbidities of Laparoscopic Living Liver Donors
Authors: Rhu Jinsoo , Choi Gyu-Seong , Kim Jong Man , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Joh Jae-Won 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors for surgical morbidities of laparoscopic living donors.

Background:
Although laparoscopic living donor programs have been established safely in leading centers, donor morbidities have not been discussed sufficiently.

Methods:
Laparoscopic living donors operated on from May 2013 to June 2022 were reviewed. Donor complications were reviewed, and factors related to bile leakage and biliary stricture were analyzed using the multivariable logistic regression method.

Results:
A total of 636 donors underwent laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy. The open conversion rate was 1.6%, and the 30-day complication rate was 16.8% (n=107). Grade IIIa and IIIb complications occurred in 4.4% (n=28) and 1.9% (n=12) of patients, respectively. The most common complication was bleeding (n=38, 6.0%). Fourteen donors (2.2%) required reoperation. Portal vein stricture, bile leakage, and biliary stricture occurred in 0.6% (n=4), 3.3% (n=21), and 1.6% (n=10) of cases, respectively. The readmission rate and reoperation rate were 5.2% (n=33) and 2.2% (n=14), respectively. Risk factors related to bile leakage were 2 hepatic arteries in the liver graft (OR=13.836, CI=4.092–46.789, P<0.001), division-free margin<5 mm from the main duct (OR=2.624, CI=1.030–6.686, P=0.043), and estimated blood loss during operation (OR=1.002, CI=1.001–1.003, P=0.008), while the Pringle maneuver (OR=0.300, CI=0.110–0.817, P=0.018) was protective against leakage. Regarding biliary stricture, bile leakage was the only significant factor (OR=11.902, CI=2.773–51.083, P=0.001).

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic living donor surgery showed excellent safety for the majority of donors, and critical complications were resolved with proper management. To minimize bile leakage, cautious surgical manipulation is needed for donors with complex hilar anatomy.
Combined translational and rotational perturbations of standing balance reveal contributions of reduced reciprocal inhibition to balance impairments in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Jente Willaert , Kaat Desloovere , Anja Van Campenhout , Ting Lena H. , Friedl De Groote 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBalance impairments are common in cerebral palsy (CP). When balance is perturbed by backward support surface translations, children with CP have increased co-activation of the plantar flexors and tibialis anterior muscle as compared to typically developing (TD) children. However, it is unclear whether increased muscle co-activation is used as a compensation strategy to improve balance control or is a consequence of impaired reciprocal inhibition. During translational perturbations, increased joint stiffness due to co-activation might aid standing balance control by resisting movement of the body with respect to the feet. However, during rotational perturbations, increased joint stiffness will hinder balance control as it couples body to platform rotation. Hence, we expect increased muscle co-activation in response to rotational perturbations if co-activation is caused by reduced reciprocal inhibition but not if it is merely a compensation strategy.We perturbed standing balance by combined backward translational and toe-up rotational perturbations in 20 children with CP and 20 TD children. Our perturbation protocol induced a backward movement of the center of mass requiring balance correcting activity in the plantar flexors followed by a forward movement of the center of mass requiring balance correcting activity in the tibialis anterior.We found that the switch from plantar flexor to tibialis anterior activity upon reversal of the center of mass movement was less pronounced in children with CP than in TD children leading to increased co-activation of the plantar flexors and tibialis anterior throughout the response. Therefore, our results suggest that a reduction in reciprocal inhibition causes muscle co-activation in reactive standing balance in CP.
APOBEC3 degradation is the primary function of HIV-1 Vif for virus replication in the myeloid cell line THP-1
Authors: Ikeda Terumasa , Shimizu Ryo , Nasser Hesham , Carpenter Michael A. , Cheng Adam Z. , Brown William L. , Sauter Daniel , Harris Reuben S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHIV-1 must overcome multiple innate antiviral mechanisms to replicate in CD4+T lymphocytes and macrophages. Previous studies have demonstrated that the APOBEC3 (A3) family of proteins (at least A3D, A3F, A3G, and stable A3H haplotypes) contribute to HIV-1 restriction in CD4+T lymphocytes. Virus-encoded virion infectivity factor (Vif) counteracts this antiviral activity by degrading A3 enzymes allowing HIV-1 replication in infected cells. In addition to A3 proteins, Vif also targets other cellular proteins in CD4+T lymphocytes, including PPP2R5 proteins. However, whether Vif primarily degrades only A3 proteins or has additional essential targets during viral replication is currently unknown. Herein, we describe the development and characterization ofA3F-,A3F/A3G-, andA3A-to-A3G-null THP-1 cells. In comparison to Vif-proficient HIV-1, Vif-deficient viruses have substantially reduced infectivity in parental andA3F-null THP-1 cells, and a more modest decrease in infectivity inA3F/A3G-null cells. Remarkably, disruption of A3A–A3G protein expression completely restores the infectivity of Vif-deficient viruses in THP-1 cells. These results indicate that the primary function of Vif during HIV-1 replication in THP-1 cells is the targeting and degradation of A3 enzymes.ImportanceHIV-1 Vif neutralizes the HIV-1 restriction activity of A3 proteins. However, it is currently unclear whether Vif has additional essential cellular targets. To address this question, we disruptedA3AtoA3Ggenes in the THP-1 myeloid cell line using CRISPR and compared the infectivity of wildtype HIV-1 and Vif mutants with the selective A3 neutralization activities. Our results demonstrate that the infectivity of Vif-deficient HIV-1 and the other Vif mutants is fully restored by ablating the expression of cellular A3A to A3G proteins. These results indicate that A3 proteins are the only essential target of Vif that is required for HIV-1 replication in THP-1 cells.
Towards high-throughput parallel imaging and single-cell transcriptomics of microbial eukaryotic plankton
Authors: Grujcic Vesna , Saarenpää Sami , Sundh John , Sennblad Bengt , Norgren Benjamin , Latz Meike , Giacomello Stefania , Foster Rachel A , Andersson Anders F 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle-cell transcriptomics has the potential to provide novel insights into poorly studied microbial eukaryotes. Although several such technologies are available and benchmarked on mammalian cells, few have been tested on protists. Here, we optimized a microarray single-cell sequencing (MASC-seq) technology that generates microscope images of cells in parallel with capturing their transcriptomes. We tested the method on three species representing important plankton groups with different cell structures, the ciliateTetrahymena thermophila, the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutumand the dinoflagellateHeterocapsasp.. Both the cell fixation and permeabilization steps were adjusted. For the ciliate and dinoflagellate, the number of transcripts of microarray spots with single cells were significantly higher than for background spots, and the overall expression patterns were correlated with that of bulk RNA, while for the much smaller diatom cells, it was not possible to separate single-cell transcripts from background. The MASC-seq method holds promise for investigating “microbial dark matter”, although further optimizations are necessary to increase the signal-to-noise ratio.
Caveola mechanotransduction reinforces the cortical cytoskeleton to promote epithelial resilience
Authors: Brooks John W. , Tillu Vikas , Verma Suzie , Collins Brett M. , Parton Robert G. , Yap Alpha S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs physical barriers, epithelia must preserve their integrity when challenged by mechanical stresses. Cell-cell junctions linked to the cortical cytoskeleton play key roles in this process, often with mechanotransduction mechanisms that reinforce tissues. Caveolae are mechanosensitive organelles that buffer tension via disassembly. Loss of caveolae, through caveolin-1 or cavin1 depletion, causes activation of PtdIns(4, 5)P2signalling, recruitment of FMNL2 formin, and enhanced cortical actin assembly. How this equates to physiological responses in epithelial cells containing endogenous caveolae is unknown. Here we examined the effect of mechanically-inducing acute disassembly of caveolae in epithelia. We show that perturbation of caveolae, through direct mechanical stress, reinforces the actin cortex at adherens junctions. Increasing interactions with membrane lipids by introducing multiple phosphatidylserine-binding undecad cavin1 (UC1) repeat domains into cavin1 rendered caveolae more stable to mechanical stimuli. This molecular stabilization blocked cortical reinforcement in response to mechanical stress. Cortical reinforcement elicited by the mechanically-induced disassembly of caveolae increased epithelial resilience against tensile stresses. These findings identify the actin cortex as a target of caveola mechanotransduction that contributes to epithelial integrity.
Trapped DNA fragments in marine sponge specimens unveil north Atlantic deep-sea fish diversity
Authors: Neave Erika F. , Cai Wang , Arias Maria Belén , Harper Lynsey R. , Riesgo Ana , Mariani Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSponges pump water to filter feed and for diffusive oxygen uptake. In doing so, trace DNA fragments from a multitude of organisms living around them are trapped in their tissues. Here we show that the environmental DNA retrieved from archived marine sponge specimens can reconstruct the fish communities at the place of sampling and discriminate North Atlantic assemblages according to biogeographic region (from Western Greenland to Svalbard), depth habitat (80-1600m), and even the level of protection in place. Given the cost associated with ocean biodiversity surveys, we argue that targeted and opportunistic sponge samples – as well as the specimens already stored in museums and other research collections – represent an invaluable trove of biodiversity information that can significantly extend the reach of ocean monitoring.