bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapse of Acute Severe Malnutrition after Discharge from Outpatient Treatment Program in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Erkiso Hinsarmu Amano , Amante Tariku Dingeta , Birhanu Abdi , Tukeni Kedir Negesso , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Relapse is one of the difficulties in managing severe acute malnutrition in children under the age of five. The evidence on post-discharge outcomes following initial recovery from severe acute malnutrition is still limited. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of relapse after cure for severe acute malnutrition from the Outpatient Treatment Program and associated factors in children aged 6-59 months in Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 223 children aged 6 to 59 months after discharge from an outpatient treatment program and stabilization center for severe acute malnutrition in the past one year. Primary data collected from mothers/caregivers in the Kurfa Chelle district were identified through health management information system reports and outpatient or stabilization center registration. The children's anthropometric, socioeconomic, and feeding practices were collected and analyzed, the data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14.2. The Adjusted Odds Ratio was calculated to identify associated factors, and a p-value of 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of 223 study participants according to this study, 11.36% of children recovered and relapsed in the previous year, 95% CI: (4.50%, 29.06%). Presences of Edema on admission (OR=10.02; 95% CI: 10.02 (1.6 - 15), drinking water from a spring source (OR=15.9; CI (2.2 - 18.3), and children living in food insecure households (OR=1.85; 95% CI (1.23, 2.80) were identified as risk factors for relapse after cure from severe acute malnutrition.
Conclusion: Within three months of discharge, the magnitude of relapse after cure for severe acute malnutrition is 11.36%. As a result, community-based screening and therapeutic interventions should be strengthened in order to closely monitor the household care for children discharged from the health facility after being cured of SAM, with special attention paid to children from food insecure households and using unprotected sources.
Co-infection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and Clostridium perfringens type A enhances disease severity in weaned pigs
Authors: Lee Duri , Jang Guehwan , Min Kyeng-Cheol , Lee Inn Hong , Won Hokeun , Yoon In-Joong , Lee Changhee 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Clostridium perfringens constitutes the normal gut microbiome in pigs; however, it can potentially cause pre- and post-weaning diarrhea. Nevertheless, the importance of this bacterium as a primary pathogen of diarrhea in piglets needs to be better understand, and the epidemiology of C. perfringens in Korean pig populations is unknown. To study the prevalence and typing of C. perfringens, 203 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal piglets in 61 swine farms during 2021–2022 and examined for the presence of C. perfringens and enteric viruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). We determined that the most frequently identified type of C. perfringens was C. perfringens type A (CPA; 31.5%). Among them, the single-infection of CPA (46.9%) and co-infection of CPA with PEDV (45.3%) were most common in diarrheal samples. Furthermore, we conducted animal experiments to investigate the clinical outcomes of single- and co-infections of highly pathogenic (HP)-PEDV and CPA in weaned piglets. Our results illustrated that the pigs infected with HP-PEDV or CPA showed no or mild diarrhea without mortality. However, the animals co-inoculated with HP-PEDV and CPA underwent more severe diarrheal symptoms when compared to those of the single-infection pigs. Additionally, CPA promoted PEDV replication in co-infected piglets with evidence of high viral titers in the feces. A histopathological examination revealed more severe villous atrophy in the small intestine of co-infected pigs than in single-infection pigs. There were obvious synergistic clinical implications between PEDV and CPA co-infection in weaned piglets.
Evaluating a Web-based Training Curriculum for Disseminating Best Practices for the Care of Newborns with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome in a Rural Hospital, the NOWS-NM Program
Authors: Pratt-Chavez Heather , Brakey Heidi Rishel , Sanders Sarah G. , Patel Juhee , Ozechowski Tim , Stoffel Chloe , Sussman Andrew L. , Marquez Jessie , Smith David R. , Kong Alberta S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The incidence of neonatal opiate withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in the US has grown dramatically over the past two decades. Many rural hospitals not equipped to manage these patients transfer them to hospitals in bigger cities.
Methods
We created a curriculum, the NOWS-NM Program, a mobile/web-based curriculum training in best practices. To evaluate the curriculum, we conducted pre- and post-surveys of NOWS knowledge, attitudes, and care practices, plus post-curriculum interviews and focus groups.
Results
Fourteen participants completed both pre- and post-curriculum surveys. They indicated an increase in knowledge and care practices. A small number of respondents expressed negative attitudes about parents of infants with NOWS at pre-test, the training curriculum appeared to have no impact on such attitudes at post-test. Sixteen participants participated in focus groups or interviews. Qualitative data reinforced the positive quantitative results and contradicted the negative survey results, respondents reported that the program did reduce stigma and improve provider/staff interactions with patients.
Conclusions
This curriculum demonstrated positive impacts on NOWS knowledge and care practices. Incorporating focus on core concepts of trauma-informed care and self-regulation in future iterations of the curriculum may strengthen the opportunity to change attitudes and address the needs expressed by participants and improve care of families and babies with NOWS.
Dietary Preferences and quality of life among dialysis patients in Pune: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaskar Sehlaa , Bansal Ariti , Gokhale Devaki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: To assess the dietary preference and quality of life among dialysis patients in Pune.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 127 dialysis patients aged 18-70 through a one-on-one interview to record data on demographic, biochemical, diet preference, and quality of life. The anthropometric and biochemical parameters were recorded with the help of patient reports from the four dialysis centers. A kidney disease quality of life questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.
Result: The mean age of the dialysis patients was 49.1 + 12.9, comprising of males (81.9%). 49.6% of the participants belonged to the normal weight category, followed by the underweight category. No association was noted between diet preference and quality of life, but a significant difference between BMI and personal appearance was observed. Serum calcium levels were highest (64.29 + 1.0) in individuals in the high category of the effect of kidney disease compared to low serum calcium levels (20.89 + 14.71) in the low category of the same.
Conclusion: The present study found an association between anthropometric data and the KDQOL symptom list and the KDQOL domain, such as the effect of kidney disease and calcium levels. The mean for the disease burden was the lowest, implying poor quality of life among dialysis patients. Therefore, providing nutrition education and counseling for dialysis patients is crucial. A detailed dialysis care plan must address all patient requirements, including medication, dietary changes and modifications, & malnutrition screenings.
Analysis of the Relationship between Short Tandem Repeats and Lactation Performance of Xinjiang Holstein Cows
Authors: LI Yongqing , LIU Li , ABULA Zunongjiang , CAO Lijun , FAN Yikai , HU Bo , ZHANG Shujun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Microsatellite markers, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are important for marker-assisted selection to detect genetic polymorphism, and they are uniformly distributed in eukaryotic genomes. To analyze the relationship between microsatellite loci and lactation traits of Holstein cows in Xinjiang, 175 lactating cows with similar birth dates, the same parity, and similar calving dates were selected, and 10 STR loci closely linked to quantitative trait loci were used to analyze the correlation between each STR locus and 4 lactation traits (daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, and lactose percentage). All loci showed different degrees of genetic polymorphism. The average values of observed alleles, effective alleles, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content of the 10 STR loci were 10, 3.11, 0.62, 0.64, and 0.58, respectively. Chi-square and G-square tests showed that all populations of loci were in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of the correlation between STR locus genotype and lactation performance in the whole lactation period showed 3 loci (namely, BM143, BM415, and BP7) with no significant correlation with all lactation traits, 2 loci (BM302 and UWCA9) related to milk yield, 3 loci (BM103, BM302, and BM6425) related to milk fat percentage, 2 loci (BM302 and BM6425) related to milk protein percentage, and 3 loci (BM1443, BM302, and BMS1943) related to lactose percentage. The microsatellite loci selected in this study showed rich polymorphism in the experimental dairy cow population and were related to the lactation traits, which can be used for the evaluation of genetic resources and early breeding and improvement of Holstein dairy cows in Xinjiang.
An analysis of prenatal diagnosis of 1408 fetuses with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy family history
Authors: Chunxiao Hua , Liu Lina , Xiangdong Kong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective: In order to support clinical genetic counseling, investigate the best diagnostic method, and effectively manage the birth of DMD/BMD children in the Chinese population, this study analyzes the prenatal genetic diagnosis results of 1408 fetuses with high risk of DMD/BMD.
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) both are types of Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy, a severe X-linked genetically inherited disease. Since currently there is no effective treatment for DMD/BMD, it is crucial to carry out an accurate prenatal diagnosis in order to prevent the birth of children who have the terrible condition.
Methods: Probands from the 1316 pedigrees were subjected to multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), next generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing to attain the diagnosis, followed by carrier screening of their mothers. The1408 fetuses with high risk were subjected to prenatal diagnosis, and the results were verified with short tandem repeat (STR) linkage analysis.
Results: Among all 1408 fetuses, 282 fetuses were identified as male patients, 219 fetuses were female carrier, and the rest were normal. In addition, gonadal mosaicism was observed in11 mothers.
Conclusions: For pregnancies with a high risk of DMD/BMD, prenatal diagnosis can serve as a foundation for reproductive intervention, helping to prevent the birth of children who will probably develop DMD/BMD. A precise and rapid prenatal diagnosis can be obtained using STR linkage analysis, MLPA, NGS and Sanger sequencing.
Bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility among women with abnormal vaginal discharge attending the gynecology clinic at a tertiary hospital in south-western Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahabwe Onesmus Magezi , Kabanda Taseera , Abesiga Lenard , Mugisha Julius , Kayondo Musa , Ngonzi Joseph , Tugume Rodgers , Agaba Collins David , Byamukama Onesmus , Tibaijuka Leevan , Lugobe Henry Mark 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, affecting about a third of all women. In resource-limited settings where access to laboratory services is limited, treatment is usually syndromic. This approach may result in ineffective treatment, with high recurrence rates and a potential of developing antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility among women with an abnormal vaginal discharge attending the gynecology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Uganda.
Methods: We conducted a hospital based cross-sectional study among women aged 15-49 years, presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge at the gynecology clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital from December 2020 to June 2021. Demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. We collected cervical and vaginal sterile swabs and subjected them to wet preparation and gram stain. The specimens were cultured for bacterial isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed on samples with bacterial isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, on the commonly prescribed antibiotics in this setting. We summarized and described the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns as frequencies and percentages.
Results: Bacteria were isolated in 29.6% (107/361) of the women, and the commonest isolates included; Staphylococcus aureus 48.6% (52/107), Klebsiella pneumoniae 29.9% (32/107) and Enterococcus fecalis 15% (16/107). Yeast cells were found in 17.7% (64/361) of the women with abnormal vaginal discharge. Cefuroxime (90.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (84.1%) had a high level of sensitivity while high levels of resistance were observed for Doxycycline (86%) and Azithromycin (67%).
Conclusion: The common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus fecalis. The isolated bacteria were most sensitive to Cefuroxime and Ciprofloxacin but resistant to Doxycycline and Azithromycin. There is need for routine culture and susceptibility testing of women with abnormal vaginal discharge so as to guide treatment, minimize inappropriate antibiotic use and consequently reduce antibiotic resistance.
Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-containing regimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Jian , Xiao Wanying , Hua Fengyang , Cao Yanqing , Wang Dongxia , Wang Xicheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective: There is a lack of standard salvage treatment options for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) that has failed platinum-containing regimens. Breakthroughs in immunotherapy have opened up new options for these patients. However, the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy have not been clarified. This study aimed to summarize and assess the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with RM-NPC who failed platinum-containing chemotherapy.
Methods: Up to August 25, 2022, clinical trials of PD-1 inhibitors in RM-NPC patients who failed platinum-containing regimens were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Retrieval subject terms included "nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "metastatic", "recurrence", "PD-1", and "PD-L1". The clinical trials eligible for inclusion were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed.
Results: A total of 9 studies including 842 patients with RM-NPC were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that PD-1 inhibitors had promising efficacy in patients with RM-NPC who failed platinum-containing regimens: objective response rate (ORR) was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21-26%), disease control rate (DCR) was 52% (95% CI 45-58%), 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 25% (95% CI 18-32%), and 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 53% (95% CI 37-68%). In terms of treatment-related adverse events (AEs), the incidence of grade ≥ 3 treatment-related AEs was 19% (95% CI 13-24%). In addition, we found that PD-1 inhibitors were more effective in patients with PDL-1 positive than in patients with PDL-1 negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had failed platinum-containing regimens (ORR 31% (95% CI 25-37%) vs 20% (95% CI 15-25%)).
Conclusion: PD-1 inhibitors may provide a survival benefit for patients with RM-NPC who have failed platinum-containing regimens and have the advantage of a good safety profile, making them a promising treatment option.
Endurance capacities of expert pianists: an electromyographic and kinematic variability study
Authors: Goubault Etienne , Turner Craig , Mailly Robin , Begon Mickaël , Maso Fabien Dal , Verdugo Felipe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During fatiguing piano tasks, muscle fatigue develops differently between expert pianists. Differences in neuromotor strategies employed could explain a slower rate of fatigue development. The objective was to compare muscle activation and kinematic variabilities between ShortDuration(i.e., pianists with less endurance) and LongDuration groups. Results from 49 pianists showed that EMG activation variability of most shoulder and upper limbs muscles was greater for the ShortDuration group with time during two piano fatiguing tasks, namely Digital and Chord tasks. Segment acceleration variability, assessed using inertial measurement units, was also greater with time for the ShortDuration group at the right arm during the Digital task, and at the thorax and head during the Chordtask. Finally, thorax lateroflexion variability increased with time for the LongDuration group (but not the ShortDuration group) during the Digital task. During the Chord task, wrist flexion variability was higher for the LongDuration group compared to the ShortDuration group. These results showed a direct effect of time on the pianists’ acceleration variability and EMG activation variability. In contrast, a protective effect of fatigue development could be attributed to kinematic variability. Results also suggest a higher risk of injury among pianists in the ShortDuration group.
Positive association between weight-adjusted-waist index and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xie Yanyou , Yu Chao , Yu Lingling , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The links between obesity and dementia remain equivocal. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a new anthropometric indicator reflecting obesity, and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension.
Methods
A total of 10,289 participants with hypertension were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, a subset of the China H-type hypertension registry study. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (WC) divided by the square root of bodyweight. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. According to educational background, different MMSE cut-off values were applied to define dementia: < 24 for participants with ≥ 7 years of education, < 20 for those with 1–6 years of education, and < 17 for illiterate participants. Multivariable linear regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between WWI and MMSE and dementia, respectively.
Results
Overall, the mean age was 63.7 ± 9.7 years, and 49.0% were males. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that WWI was negatively associated with MMSE (β, -1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.24, -0.94). Consistently, multivariable binary logistic regression analyses found a positive association between WWI and the risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.56). Compared with individuals in quartile 1 of WWI, the adjusted β and OR values of WWI for MMSE and dementia were − 2.28 (95% CI: -2.62, -1.94) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.81, 2.48), respectively. Results of smoothing curve fitting confirmed the linear association between WWI and MMSE and dementia. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between WWI and dementia in participants with hypertension with midday napping.
Conclusion
WWI was independently and positively associated with dementia among the population with hypertension, especially in those with midday napping. The data suggest that WWI may serve as a simple and effective tool for the assessment of the risk of dementia in clinical practice.
The lived experience of parents' challenges in a neonatal intensive care unit at Dilchora referral hospital, Ethiopia: a phenomenological study
Authors: Mohammed Aminu , Legesse Henok , Hailu Mickiale 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a special ward in a hospital that is important to save babies' lives when they are born early, have health problems, or have a difficult birth. Accordingly, parents face various challenges in such stressful conditions during their stay. Hence, this study was aimed at exploring the lived experiences of such parents.Methodology: A phenomenological qualitative study was undertaken in the Haramaya General Hospital, east Hararghe, Ethiopia, from September 1 to 30, 2022. Data was collected from purposively selected parents via in-depth interviews using a semi-structured tool, aided by a voice recorder and field notes. A thematic analysis done with an inductive approach goes through six steps: familiarization, coding, generating themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and writing up.Results:22 parents were interviewed and six themes have identified. Parents complained of psychological problems like anxiety, stress, worries, hopelessness, and a state of confusion. In addition, anger, crying, sadness, frustration, dissatisfaction, regret, disappointment, feeling bad, self-blaming, nervousness, disturbance, and lack of self-control were major emotional problems raised by the parents. Parents expressed that health care providers showed indiscipline, lack of commitment, and uncooperative behavior. Likewise, shortage of medicines, money, and limited time to visit their neonates were the other concerns of many parents. At the same time, parents were provided minimal information and limited cooperation from health care providers.Conclusion:Medical and non-medical services in the NICU can challenge parents' finances. Parents in the NICU face both emotional and psychological challenges related to the hospital, HCPs, society, and their own perceptions. Parents in the NICU have also been challenged by the hospital's miserably loud sounds or shouts. The hospital and health care professionals recommended expanding both medical and non-medical services in the NICU.