bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of a Medicare Advantage Posthospitalization Home Meal Delivery Benefit With Rehospitalization and Death
Authors: Nguyen Huong Q. , Duan Lewei , Lee Janet S. , Winn Thomas G. , Arakelian Annet , Akiyama-Ciganek Jaime , Huynh Dan N. , Williams Della D. , Han Bing 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceThe 2018 Chronic Care Act allowed Medicare Advantage plans to have greater flexibility in offering supplemental benefits, such as meals and services, to address unmet needs of beneficiaries with certain chronic conditions. Based on earlier studies of community-based nutritional support, such programs may result in reduced use.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of a 4-week posthospitalization home-delivered meals benefit with 30-day all-cause rehospitalization and mortality in patients admitted for heart failure (HF) and other acute medical conditions (non-HF).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, patients who received meals (the meals group) were compared with 2 controls: (1) no meals in the 2019 historical cohort who would have been eligible for the benefit (the no meals–2019 group) and (2) no meals in the 2021 and 2022 concurrent cohort who were referred but did not receive the meals due to unsuccessful contacts and active declines (the no meals–2021/2022 group). This study took place in a large integrated health care system in southern California among Medicare Advantage members with a hospitalization for HF or other acute medical conditions at 15 Kaiser Permanente hospitals discharged to home.ExposureThe exposure was receipt of at least 1 and up to 4 shipments of home-delivered meals (total of 56 to 84 meals) after hospital discharge.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were 30-day all-cause composite rehospitalization and death.ResultsA total of 4032 adults with admission to the hospital for HF (mean [SD] age, 79 [9] years; 1951 [48%] White; 2001 [50%] female) and 7944 with non-HF admissions (mean [SD] age, 78 [8] years; 3890 [49%] White; 4149 [52%] female) were included in the analyses. Unadjusted rates of 30-day death and rehospitalization for the meals, no meals–2019, and no meals–2021/2022 cohorts were as follows: HF: 23.3%, 30.1%, and 38.5%; non-HF: 16.5%, 22.4%, and 32.9%, respectively. For HF, exposure to meals was significantly associated with lower odds of 30-day death and rehospitalization compared with the no meals–2021/2022 cohort (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43-0.71; P &amp;lt; .001) but was not significant compared with the no meals–2019 cohort (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.04; P = .12). For non-HF, exposure to meals was associated with significantly lower odds of 30-day death and rehospitalization when compared with the no meals–2019 (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79; P &amp;lt; .001) and the no meals–2021/2022 (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.37-0.62; P &amp;lt; .001) cohorts.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, exposure to posthospitalization home-delivered meals was associated with lower 30-day rehospitalization and mortality; randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Who is the most precarious among the nonstandard workers? A comparative study of unmet medical needs among standard workers and subtypes of nonstandard workers
Authors: Ahn Joonho , Lee Dong-Wook , Choi Jaesung , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Nonstandard workers might have a relatively higher risk of unmet medical needs than standard workers. This study subdivided nonstandard workers to investigate the effects of nonstandard employment on unmet medical needs.

Methods
We used the Korea Health Panel 2011–2018 data. The independent variable, employment contract, was defined using the nonstandard form described by the ILO: Temporary workers, Part-time workers, and Temporary agent workers. The analytical method used in this study was a panel logit model that accounted for repeated measured participants. By controlling for time-invariant individual-fixed effects, we investigate the relationship between subdivided nonstandard work and the risk of unmet medical needs with reference to standard work.

Results
The results of the analysis clearly showed that compared with standard workers, temporary agency workers had a significantly higher risk of unmet medical needs (Odds ratio = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.016–1.374). The main cause of this phenomenon was economic reasons in this group.

Conclusions
This study found that temporary agency workers in the general Korean population have a significantly higher risk of unmet healthcare needs. The result of this study implies that financial hardship might be a fundamental health hazard among workers with nonstandard employment.
Association between place of dental check-ups and work absenteeism among Japanese workers
Authors: Masuko Sayo , Zaitsu Takashi , Oshiro Akiko , Ishimaru Miho , Aida Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Dental check-ups at the workplace provide the opportunity for early detection of dental diseases. Dental check-ups during working hours could reduce the number of days of absence from work due to visits to dental clinics outside the workplace. Although health check-ups are provided to workers in Japan, dental check-ups is not mandatory. This study aimed to determine the association between the place of dental check-ups and absenteeism due to visits to the dental clinic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from an online self-reported worker survey conducted for 2 weeks in March 2017. We applied linear regression analysis with robust variance to determine the association between the place of dental check-ups and absenteeism due to dental clinic visits while adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and oral health covariates.

Results
The average age of the 3930 participants was 43.3 ± 11.7 years, and 52.3% were male. The number of days of absenteeism due to dental clinic visits in the past year for those who received check-ups only at the dental clinic and at the workplace were 0.57 ± 2.67 days and 0.21 ± 1.20 days, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, it was found that those who received dental check-ups at the workplace had 0.35 (95% CI, 0.12–0.58) fewer days of absence than those who received dental check-ups at the dental clinic.

Conclusion
Workers who received dental check-ups at the workplace were associated with fewer days of absence due to dental visits than those who received at the dental clinic.
Evaluating summer thermal environment of temporary housing unit adapting the layout plan, “Kumamoto Type D”
Authors: Takata Masahito 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Japan, natural disasters have historically caused massive damage, and the importance of emergency temporary housing is increasing. In this paper, the summer thermal environment at the Shirahata temporary housing site in Kousa Town was assessed. The site was constructed following the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. The site was improved by applying a design methodology called “Kumamoto Type D,” “D” stands for “Default & Design.” Field measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the building arrangement on the outdoor thermal environment for the Kumamoto Type D layout. The results indicated that the impact of wind was reduced using this layout. However, when the surface temperature in the parking lot and other areas increased, hot air could be transmitted to the site, even under reduced wind conditions.
The impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on outdoor activities and community common space use by urban‐dwelling elderly residents in China
Authors: Yan Luyao , Li Yan , Komatsu Hisashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo examine the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on the elderly, this study conducted field surveys of three communities in Zhengzhou City in China. The results showed that, outdoor activities and common space use by the elderly were not significantly affected by the pandemic. Through the reports of their lives under the general and the extreme (after restrictions on movement were imposed) conditions of the pandemic, we identified the value of activities on a daily basis and activities in the general definition to the elderly. This study also re‐recognized the role that was played by the use of common spaces that were located in close proximity to residential units during the pandemic.
Maximizing AI reliability through anticipatory thinking and model risk audits
Authors: Munz Phil , Hennick Max , Stewart James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAI is transforming the way we live and work, with the potential to improve our lives in many ways. However, there are risks associated with AI deployments including failures of model robustness and security, explainability and interpretability, bias and fairness, and privacy and ethics. While there are international efforts to define governance standards for responsible AI, these are currently only principles‐based, leaving organizations uncertain as to how they can prepare for emerging regulations or evaluate their effectiveness. We propose the use of anticipatory thinking and a flexible model risk audit (MRA) framework to bridge this gap and enable organizations to take an advantage of the benefits of responsible AI. This approach enables organizations to characterize risk at the model level and to apply the anticipatory thinking employed by high reliability organizations to achieve responsible AI deployments.
Increased plasma levels of circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 are associated with stroke injury
Authors: Wang Xingzhi , Zhang Shenyang , Zhang Zuohui , Zu Jie , Shi Hongjuan , Yu Lu , Lv Bingchen , Cui Likun , Mao Wenqi , Wu Di , Cui Guiyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAccumulating studies have shown that circulating circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent novel biomarkers for many human diseases. We investigated whether plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels are associated with stroke severity, infarct volume, stroke etiology, and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.MethodsWe applied quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) to measure plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels of 236 AIS patients within 72 h of symptoms onset and 136 healthy controls. We further assessed the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), infarct size, the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification and the 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS) for each patient.ResultsAt admission, plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels in patients with moderate to severe stroke were significantly higher compared to those with mild stroke. Logistic regression and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses indicated that they might function as predictive biomarkers for moderate to severe stroke. We also observed a medium positive correlation between these two circRNAs and NIHSS. Plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 levels were slight positively correlated with cerebral infarct volume only in anterior circulation infarction (ACI) patients. Levels of both circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 were closely related with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke. Moreover, changes within 7 days after admission in circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 were able to predict unfavorable clinical outcome 90 days after AIS.InterpretationThese results demonstrate that plasma circPTP4A2 and circTLK2 strongly correlated with severity, subtypes and prognosis of AIS, and they could serve as promising biomarkers.
Exponential Chimp Optimization Algorithm based Deep Neuro‐Fuzzy Network with MapReduce framework for fake news detection in big data analytics
Authors: Kanchanamala Pendela , Selva Rani B. , Vairamuthu S. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn the present epoch of computing, the world has changed from older conventional print media to social platform channels. Fake news articles have the prospects to handle the opinions of the public and so may harm human groupings. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the authenticity and credibility of the news flash being shared on the internet community. Hence, this research paper devises an efficient and robust fake news detection model, named Exponential Chimp Optimization Algorithm (EChOA)‐based Deep Neuro‐Fuzzy Network (DNFN) for detecting fake news. The introduced model utilizes a MapReduce framework that includes the mapper and reducer phases for processing big data for detecting fake news. First phase of processing is the Mapper work, in which every input used in the database is processed and creates an intermediate key‐value pair. In the reducer phase, the fusion of features is performed by arranging the features with the help of computing the optimal parameter and Rand similarity coefficient using a Deep Q Network (DQN). Here, the detection of fake news is obtained by DNFN, and the DNFN is done using implemented EChOA. The EChOA‐based DNFN effectively generates robust and effective fake news detection performance by choosing the optimal feature subsets through feature fusion. The EChOA is designed by integrating the Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA). Moreover, the EChOA‐based DNFN method outperformed various former fake news detection approaches and attains the highest performance based on the testing accuracy is 0.909, sensitivity is 0.937, and specificity is 0.891 using the FakeNewsNet dataset.
Fully‐Depleted PdTe2/WSe2 van der Waals Field Effect Transistor with High Light On/Off Ratio and Broadband Detection
Authors: Zhang Chaoyi , Peng Silu , Han Jiayue , Li Chunyu , Zhou Hongxi , Yu He , Gou Jun , Chen Chao , Jiang Yadong , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to its unique band structure and topological properties, the 2D topological semimetal exhibits potential applications in photoelectric detection, polarization sensitive imaging, and Schottky barrier diodes. However, its inherent large dark current hinders the further improvement of the performance of the semimetal‐based photodetectors. In this study, a van der Waals (vdWs) field effect transistor (FET) composed of semimetal PdTe2 and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) WSe2 is fabricated, which exhibits high sensitivity photoelectric detection performance in a wide band from visible light (405 nm) to mid‐infrared (5 µm). The dark current and the noise level in the device are greatly suppressed by the effective control of the gate. Benefiting from the extremely low dark current (1.2 pA), the device achieves an optical on/off ratio up to 106, a high detectivity of 9.79 × 1013 Jones and a rapid response speed (219 and 45 µs). This research demonstrates the latent capacity of the 2D topological semimetal/TMDs vdWs FET for broadband, high‐performance, and miniaturized photodetection.
Functional Materials for Memristor‐Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Qin Jingrun , Zhang Yue , Gong Guodong , Xiong Zi‐Yu , Ma Xiangyu , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain‐inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high‐dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor‐implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor‐implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on‐demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor‐based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor‐implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Photodynamic and Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Realizing Enhanced Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death via Mitochondrial Stress
Authors: Wang Shao‐Zhe , Guo Yuxin , Zhang Xinping , Feng Hui‐Heng , Wu Shun‐Yu , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Jia Hao‐Ran , Duan Qiu‐Yi , Hao Shi‐Jie , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInduction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) represents a robust therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, only a few ICD inducers are currently available and many of them take effect based on traditional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress rather than mitochondrial stress. Besides, mitochondrion is closely related to ER and drug delivery via mitochondrial targeting usually shows a higher efficiency and cytotoxicity than that via ER targeting, which inspires to explore the ICD effect of cancer cells through mitochondrial stress. Herein, a mito‐missile that can realize not only mitochondria‐targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT)/mild‐temperature photothermal therapy (MTPTT) but also ICD‐induced cancer immunotherapy is constructed. The mito‐missile (termed DIH) is prepared by coating dc‐IR825 (a mitochondrion‐targeting cyanine dye)‐loaded polyamidoamine dendrimer with hyaluronic acid. dc‐IR825 can precisely target mitochondria and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mild heat upon near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, inducing mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial stress‐caused enhanced ICD. By combining PDT, MTPTT, and ICD‐induced immunotherapy, the DIH mito‐missile can efficiently inhibit tumor growth and even eradicate tumors. This study develops a dendrimer‐based nanoplatform for realizing mitochondrion‐acting PDT/MTPTT as well as mitochondrial stress‐induced potentiated ICD, which may provide a guideline for designing effective ICD inducers in the future.
Quantum Junction Solar Cells: Development and Prospects
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Hussain Sajjad , Kabir Fahmid , Al‐Kahtani Abdullah A. , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanocrystals, called semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), contain excitons that are three‐dimensionally bound. QDs exhibit a discontinuous electronic energy level structure that is similar to that of atoms and exhibit a distinct quantum confinement effect. As a result, QDs have unique electrical, optical, and physical characteristics that can be used in a variety of optoelectronic device applications, including solar cells. In this review article, the stable and controllable synthesis of QD materials is outlined for upscaling solar cells, including material development and device performance enhancement. It includes a systematic variety of device structures for the fabrication of solar cells, such as QD, hybrid QD/organic, hybrid QD/inorganic, perovskite QD, and hybrid 2D MXene QD/perovskite. The mechanisms for the improvement of stability by QD treatment are examined. For example, the 2D MXene QD and/or Cu1.8S nanocrystal doping significantly increases the long‐term light and ambient stability of perovskite solar cells, resulting from improved perovskite crystallization, reduced hole transport layer (HTL) aggregation and crystallization of films, and reduced UV‐induced photocatalytic activity of the electron transport layer (ETL). For the advancement of QD solar cells and their interaction with various materials, the conclusions from this review are crucial. Finally, future prospects for the development of QD solar cells as well as current challenges are discussed.
Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Liu Di , Qiao Lulu , Peng Shuyang , Bai Haoyun , Liu Chunfa , Ip Weng Fai , Lo Kin Ho , Liu Hongchao , Ng Kar Wei , Wang Shuangpeng , Yang Xiaozhan , Pan Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmmonia as an irreplaceable chemical has been widely demanded to keep the sustainable development of the modern society. However, its industrial production consumes huge energy and releases extraordinary green‐house gases, leading to various environmental issues. To achieve the green production of ammonia is a great challenge that has been extensively pursued recently. In the review, a most promising strategy, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO3RR) for the purpose is comprehensively investigated to give a full understanding of its development and mechanism and provide guidance for future directions. Particularly, the development of electrocatalysts is focused to realize the high ammonia yield rate and Faraday efficiency for industrial applications. The recent‐developed catalysts, including noble metallic materials, alloys, metal compounds, single‐metal‐atom catalysts, and metal‐free materials, are systematically discussed to review the effects of various factors on the catalytic performance in e‐NO3RR. Accordingly, the strategies, including defects engineering, coordination environment modulating, surface controlling, and hybridization, are carefully discussed to improve the catalytic performance, such as the intrinsic activity and selectivity. Finally, perspectives and challenges are given out. This review shall provide insightful guidance on the development of advanced catalytic systems for the production of green ammonia efficiently in the industry.
Self‐Healable Spider Dragline Silk Materials
Authors: Chen Wen‐Chia , Wang Ruei‐Ci , Yu Sheng‐Kai , Chen Jheng‐Liang , Kao Yu‐Han , Wang Tzi‐Yuan , Chang Po‐Ya , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Chen Ssu‐Ching , Liu Wei‐Ren , Yang Ta‐I , Wu Hsuan‐Chen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping materials with structural flexibility that permits self‐repair in response to external disturbances remains challenging. Spider silk, which combines an exceptional blend of strength and pliability in nature, serves as an ideal dynamic model for adaptive performance design. In this work, a novel self‐healing material is generated using spider silk. Dragline silk from spider Nephila pilipes is demonstrated with extraordinary in situ self‐repair property through a constructed thin film format, surpassing that of two other silks from spider Cyrtophora moluccensis and silkworm Bombyx mori. Subsequently, R2, a key spidroin associated with self‐healing, is biosynthesized, with validated cohesiveness. R2 is further programmed with tunable healability (permanent and reversible) and conductivity (graphene doping; R2G) for electronics applications. In the first demonstration, film strips from R2 and R2G are woven manually into multidimensional (1D‐3D) conductive fabrics for creating repairable logic gate circuits. In the second example, a reversibly‐healable R2/R2G strip is fabricated as a re‐configurable wearable ring probe to fit fingertips of varying widths while retaining its detecting capabilities. Such a prototype displays a unique conformable wearable technology. Last, the remarkable finding of self‐healing in spider silk can offer a new material paradigm for developing future adaptive biomaterials with tailored performance and environmental sustainability.