bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired lower limb muscle mass, quality and function in end stage liver disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Quinlan Jonathan I. , Dhaliwal Amritpal , Williams Felicity R. , Allen Sophie L. , Choudhary Surabhi , Rowlands Alex , Breen Leigh , Lavery Gareth G. , Lord Janet M. , Elsharkawy Ahmed M. , Armstrong Matthew J. , Greig Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSarcopenia is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality in patients with end stage liver disease (ESLD). Historically, sarcopenia identification in ESLD utilised L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI). There are few data on muscle quality and function within lower limb muscle groups with high functional relevance. The aim of this prospective case–control study was to evaluate the quadriceps muscle in patients with ESLD. Muscle mass and quality were evaluated using MRI (quadriceps anatomical cross sectional area (ACSA), quadriceps volume index, L3 SMI, quadriceps intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT)), mid‐arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and ultrasonography (vastus lateralis (VL) thickness and quadriceps ACSA). Muscle strength/function was assessed by handgrip strength, peak quadriceps isokinetic torque and chair rise time. Thirty‐nine patients with ESLD (55 years, 61% male, 48% alcoholic related liver disease (ArLD), 71% Child–Pugh B/C) and 18 age/sex‐matched healthy control participants (HC) were studied. Quadriceps mass was significantly reduced in ESLD versus HC (−17%), but L3 SMI and MAMC were unchanged. Quadriceps IMAT percentage was increased in ESLD (+103%). Handgrip strength (−15%), peak isokinetic torque (−29%), and chair rise time (+56%) were impaired in ESLD. Ultrasound measures of VL thickness (r = 0.56, r = 0.57, r = 0.42) and quadriceps ACSA (r = 0.98, r = 0.86, r = 0.67) correlated to MRI quadriceps ACSA, quadriceps volume and L3 SMI, respectively. Quadriceps muscle mass, quality, and function were impaired in patients with ESLD, whereas conventional assessments of muscle (L3 SMI and MAMC) highlighted no differences between ESLD and HC. Full evaluation of lower limb muscle health is essential in ESLD in order to accurately assess sarcopenia and target future interventions.
Association between inequalities in human resources for health and all cause and cause specific mortality in 172 countries and territories, 1990-2019: observational study
Authors: Yan Wenxin , Qin Chenyuan , Tao Liyuan , Guo Xin , Liu Qiao , Du Min , Zhu Lin , Chen Zhongdan , Liang Wannian , Liu Min , Liu Jue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To explore inequalities in human resources for health (HRH) in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality globally in 1990-2019.

Design
Observational study.

Setting
172 countries and territories.

Data sources
Databases of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, United Nations Statistics, and Our World in Data.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome was age standardized all cause mortality per 100 000 population in relation to HRH density per 10 000 population, and secondary outcome was age standardized cause specific mortality. The Lorenz curve and the concentration index (CCI) were used to assess trends and inequalities in HRH.

Results
Globally, the total HRH density per 10 000 population increased, from 56.0 in 1990 to 142.5 in 2019, whereas age standardized all cause mortality per 100 000 population decreased, from 995.5 in 1990 to 743.8 in 2019. The Lorenz curve lay below the equality line and CCI was 0.43 (P<0.05), indicating that the health workforce was more concentrated among countries and territories ranked high on the human development index. The CCI for HRH was stable, at about 0.42-0.43 between 1990 and 2001 and continued to decline (narrowed inequality), from 0.43 in 2001 to 0.38 in 2019 (P<0.001). In the multivariable generalized estimating equation model, a negative association was found between total HRH level and all cause mortality, with the highest levels of HRH as reference (low: incidence risk ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.32; middle: 1.14, 1.01 to 1.29; high: 1.18, 1.08 to 1.28). A negative association between total HRH density and mortality rate was more pronounced for some types of cause specific mortality, including neglected tropical diseases and malaria, enteric infections, maternal and neonatal disorders, and diabetes and kidney diseases. The risk of death was more likely to be higher in people from countries and territories with a lower density of doctors, dentistry staff, pharmaceutical staff, aides and emergency medical workers, optometrists, psychologists, personal care workers, physiotherapists, and radiographers.

Conclusions
Inequalities in HRH have been decreasing over the past 30 years globally but persist. All cause mortality and most types of cause specific mortality were relatively higher in countries and territories with a limited health workforce, especially for several specific HRH types among priority diseases. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening political commitment to develop equity oriented health workforce policies, expanding health financing, and implementing targeted measures to reduce deaths related to inadequate HRH to achieve universal health coverage by 2030.
Patient-reported impact of myasthenia gravis in the real world: findings from a digital observational survey-based study (MyRealWorld MG)
Authors: Berrih-Aknin Sonia , Palace Jacqueline , Meisel Andreas , Claeys Kristl G , Muppidi Srikanth , Saccà Francesco , Amini Fatemeh , Larkin Mark , Quinn Casey , Beauchamp Jon , Philips Glenn , De Ruyck Femke , Ramirez Joyce , Paci Sandra 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the impact of myasthenia gravis (MG) — in terms of treatments, side effects, comorbidities, psychological health and work or study— in the real world from a patient perspective.Design and participantsThis is a prospective, observational, digital, longitudinal study. Adults diagnosed with MG residing in the USA, Japan, Germany, the UK, Italy, Spain or Canada were eligible to participate in the study. There were no other exclusion criteria. Participants used a bespoke smartphone application to confirm eligibility, provide consent and enter data about their MG into a profile, a tracker to record MG-related events and a series of patient-reported outcome instruments. 1693 participants completed at least 1 survey and were included in this analysis.ResultsResults are presented as a percentage of respondents to each survey question. The study population was largely female (69% of 1586 respondents), with an average age of 49.9 years (SD 14.8). In the previous 12 months, 83.7% of 1412 respondents confirmed that they had received one or more routine treatments for MG, and 67.1% of 255 respondents confirmed that they had experienced a side effect in the previous month. Commonly experienced comorbidities reported by 966 respondents were thyroid problems, hypertension and anxiety, experienced by 37.5%, 31.4% and 28.0% of respondents, respectively.According to 889 respondents to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale survey, 52.7% and 43.2% had a score indicative of at least mild anxiety and mild depression, respectively. Of 257 respondents, 33.0% reported experiencing a work or study impact in the past month.ConclusionsThis analysis of baseline characteristics of the MyRealWorld MG study population indicates that, despite current treatments, patients experience notable burden. Further scheduled analyses will develop a longitudinal picture of MG burden.Trial registration numberNCT04176211.
Effect of a 12-week high-intensity exercise intervention: a comparison of cardiac exercise adaptations during biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment (TNF inhibitors vs IL-6 signalling inhibitors) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jønck Simon , Adamsen Malte Lund , Højgaard Pil , Rasmussen Iben Elmerdahl , Ellingsgaard Helga , Lund Morten Asp Vonsild , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Jacobsen Søren , Køber Lars , Vejlstrup Niels , Dreyer Lene , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Berg Ronan M G , Christensen Regitse Højgaard 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe chronic inflammatory state in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) augments the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) playing a vital role. Consequently, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) may attenuate that risk. IL-6 is also a myokine, secreted from exercising skeletal muscles, where IL-6 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects that may ameliorate the risk of CVD. In healthy humans treated with IL-6 signalling inhibitors (IL-6i), exercise induced loss of visceral fat mass and cardiac adaptations were abolished. We hypothesise that IL-6 signalling inhibition will impair the cardiac and metabolic adaptions to exercise training compared with TNF inhibition in RA patients.Methods and analysis80 RA patients treated with IL-6i (n=40) or TNF inhibitors (n=40) are included in a 12-week randomised investigator-blinded 4×4 min high-intensity interval training (HIIT) study. Patients are stratified for medical treatment and sex and allocated 1:1 to an exercise or a no exercise control group (four groups). The supervised exercise intervention comprises 3 weekly HIIT sessions on an ergometer bicycle. The primary outcome is the change in left ventricular mass (LVM), and key secondary outcome is change in visceral fat mass. Both outcomes are measured by MRI. Primary statistical analysis will evaluate LVM at follow-up in a regression model. Intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses will be conducted. The latter necessitates a minimum attendance rate of 80%, adherence to bDMARDs treatment of ≥80% and minimum 8 min (50%) of maximal heart rate above 85% per session.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Capital Region Ethics Committee (H-21010559 amendments 86424, 87463 and 88044) and the Danish Medicines Agency (2021-b005287-21). The trial will follow ICH-GCP guidelines. Regardless of outcome, results will be published in relevant peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numbersEudra-CT: 2021-b005287-21 andNCT05215509.
Latent classes of unhealthy behaviours and their associations with subsequent sickness absence: a prospective register-linkage study among Finnish young and early midlife employees
Authors: Salmela Jatta , Lahti Jouni , Kanerva Noora , Rahkonen Ossi , Kouvonen Anne , Lallukka Tea 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesUnhealthy behaviours are associated with increased sickness absence (SA), but few studies have considered person-oriented approach in these associations. Using latent class analysis, we examined clustering of unhealthy behaviours among Finnish municipal employees and their associations with subsequent SA.DesignA prospective register-linkage study.SettingUnhealthy behaviours (low leisure-time physical activity, non-daily fruit and vegetable consumption, insufficient sleep, excessive alcohol use and tobacco use) were derived from the Helsinki Health Study questionnaire survey, collected in 2017 among 19- to 39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland.ParticipantsA total of 4002 employees (81% women) of the City of Helsinki, Finland.Primary outcome measuresThe questionnaire data were prospectively linked to employer’s SA register through March 2020. Associations between latent classes of unhealthy behaviours and subsequent SA (1–7 days/8+ days/all lengths) were examined using negative binomial regression.ResultsAmong women, a three-class latent class model was selected: (1) few unhealthy behaviours (84%), (2) excessive alcohol and tobacco use (12%) and (3) several unhealthy behaviours (5%). Women belonging to classes 2 and 3 had increased SA rates compared with those in class 1, regardless of the length of SA spells. Among men, a 2-latent class model was selected: (1) few unhealthy behaviours (53%) and (2) several unhealthy behaviours (47%). Men belonging to class 2 had increased rates of 1–7 days’ SA compared with men in class 1.ConclusionsThis study suggests that preventive actions aiming to reduce employees’ SA should consider simultaneously several unhealthy behaviours. Targeted interventions may benefit of identifying the clustering of these behaviours among occupational groups.
Exploring the conceptual framework of a health-promotion faculty from the perspective of members: a qualitative study
Authors: Sedghi Fateme , Mahdizadeh Mehrsadat , Vahedian- Shahroodi Mohammad , Gholian-Aval Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesUnderstanding the concepts and structures of health promotion in the faculty from the perspective of its members.Study designQualitative study.SettingsFaculties of Medical Sciences University.ParticipantsA sample of four main groups in the faculty (students, faculty members, staff and managers) were purposively sampled for demographic characteristics and their views on the concepts of health promotion.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis of content was conducted. Data were obtained using semistructured interviews and then analysed thematically. MAXQDA V.10 software was used to organise and code the imported interview transcripts.ResultsThree main categories of management policy, environmental structure and executive strategies were identified as health-promotion structures in the faculty based on the views of the interviewees.ConclusionThe inclusion of a health-promotion approach in university policies requires administrators’ commitment to health promotion and the participation of all members and partners inside and outside the faculty to identify health needs and engagement in programmes.
Traversable wormholes supported by dark matter and monopoles with semiclassical effects
Authors: Rahaman Farook , Samanta Bidisha , Sarkar Nayan , Raychaudhuri Biplab , Sen Banashree 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present a new traversable wormhole explication of Einstein’s field equations supported by the profile of Einasto Dark Matter densities (Einasto in Trudy Inst Astrofiz Alma-Ata 51:87, 1965; PTarO 36:414, 1968; Astron Nachr 291:97, 1969) and global monopole charges along with semiclassical effects in the local universe as the galactic halo. The Einasto DM density profile produces a suitable shape function that meets all the requirements for presenting the wormhole geometries. The Null Energy Condition (NEC) is violated by the obtained solution with different redshift functions i.e. the Einasto profile representing DM candidate within the wormholes gives the fuel to sustain these wormhole structures in the galactic halo. Moreover, the reported wormhole geometries are getting asymptotically flat and non-flat depending only on the choices of redshift function whereas all the wormhole structures are maintaining their balance of equilibrium under the action of different forces.
An Al-salen complex for the fluorometric detection of pyrophosphate in water via a disassembly approach
Authors: Bohnhoff-Müller Sherin , Yadav Prerna , Spingler Bernhard , Blacque Olivier , Zelder Felix 
Published: May 2023

This report describes the selective fluorometric detection of pyrophosphate in water with a simple Al[Formula: see text]-salen complex. The Al-based probe is synthesized in two steps in 30% yield and disassembled in the presence of pyrophosphate into its molecular building blocks. The released 3-chlorosalicylaldehyde signaling unit leads to a detectable signal with a 29-fold increase in fluorescence ([Formula: see text] = 513 nm; [Formula: see text] = 388 nm). At this emission wavelength, we did not observe a response from the Al[Formula: see text]-salen probe despite its intrinsic blue fluorescence ([Formula: see text] = 460 nm;[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] = 347 nm). The Al[Formula: see text]-complex shows excellent discrimination of pyrophosphate over other ions including phosphate containing adenosine triphosphate, phytic acid, or glyphosate and only fluoride inhibits the pyrophosphate-triggered disassembly process. Related salen-based probes with the same hydrophobic ligand framework but either Zn[Formula: see text] or Fe[Formula: see text] ions instead of Al[Formula: see text] were not sufficiently robust and therefore not suitable for analytical applications in pure water at pH 7.4.
Fibrotic Plaque and Microvascular Dysfunction Predict Early Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Progression After Heart Transplantation: The Early Post Transplant Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Study
Authors: Chih Sharon , Chong Aun Yeong , Džavík Vladimír , So Derek Y. , Aleksova Natasha , Wells George A. , Bernick Jordan , Overgaard Christopher B. , Stadnick Ellamae , Mielniczuk Lisa M. , Beanlands Rob S.B. , Ross Heather J. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Early cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) prognostication is needed to improve long-term outcomes after heart transplantation. We characterized first year posttransplant coronary anatomic-physiologic alterations to determine predictors of early CAV progression.

Methods:
Heart transplant recipients at 2 institutions (enrolled January 2018 to March 2021) underwent prospective evaluation 3 and 12-month posttransplant with angiography and left anterior descending artery intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve, and index of microcirculatory resistance measurements. CAV progression was assessed by intravascular ultrasound change in percentage intimal volume from baseline to 12-month follow-up.

Results:

Eighty-two patients (mean age, 51 years; 60% men) completed evaluation at mean 13.8 and 56.3 weeks posttransplant. Donor atherosclerosis (baseline intravascular ultrasound maximal intimal thickness, ≥0.5 mm) was evident in 50%. De novo (follow-up maximal intimal thickness, ≥0.5 mm) and rapidly progressive CAV (maximal intimal thickness, ≥0.5-mm increase from baseline) developed in 24% and 13%, respectively. On optical coherence tomography, baseline to follow-up median intimal volume increased 42% (0.58 mm
3
/mm), percentage intimal volume increased 44% (4.6%), vessel volume decreased 4% (−0.50 mm
3
/mm) and lumen volume decreased 9% (−1.02 mm
3
/mm);
P
<0.05 for all. Fibrotic plaque was the predominant morphology: baseline, 29% and follow-up, 50%. Coronary physiology was abnormal in 41% at baseline and 45% at follow-up, with 1 in 5 patients having microvascular dysfunction (index of microcirculatory resistance, ≥25). On multivariable linear regression analysis, recipient male sex, fibrotic plaque, and index of microcirculatory resistance were independent predictors of coronary disease progression.

Conclusions:
Fibrotic plaque on optical coherence tomography and index of microcirculatory resistance early posttransplant predict CAV progression in the first year of transplantation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03217786.
Shared Heritability of Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity: Insights From the STANISLAS Cohort
Authors: Xhaard Constance , de Villemereuil Pierre , Benetos Athanase , Bozec Erwan , Dandine-Roulland Claire , Le Floch Edith , Regnault Véronique , Lacolley Patrick , Zannad Faiez , Rossignol Patrick , Girerd Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a marker of arterial stiffness, which is intrinsically highly correlated with blood pressure (BP). However, the interplay of PWV and BP heritability has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to estimate the heritability of PWV and BP and determine the genetic correlation between PWV and BP.

Methods:
The heritability of PWV and BP was estimated in 1080 subjects from the STANISLAS (Suivi Temporaire Annuel Non-Invasif de la Santé des Lorrains Assurés Sociaux) cohort with at least one relative using a linear mixed model within one frequentist and one Bayesian framework implemented, respectively, in the Gaston and MCMCglmm R packages. Then their genetic correlations were also estimated.

Results:
The heritability estimations for PWV were within the same range of the heritability of systolic BP and diastolic BP (23%, 19%, and 27%, respectively). Daytime heritability of BP was higher than nighttime BP. In addition, phenotypic correlations between PWV and systolic BP/diastolic BP were, respectively, 0.34 and 0.23, whereas nonsignificant genetic correlations were 0.08 and 0.22 respectively, indicating that PWV and diastolic BP shared more polygenic codeterminants than PWV and systolic BP.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that the heritability of PWV is >20% and within the same range as BP heritability. It also suggests that the link between PWV and BP goes beyond phenotypic association: PWV and BP (in particular diastolic BP) share common genetic determinants. This genetic interdependence of PWV and BP appears largely polygenic.
Poliziano Correcting Poliziano
Authors: Verreth Louis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present article offers the first comprehensive examination of the handwritten corrections attested in copies of Angelo Poliziano’s most important scholarly work, the Miscellaneorum centuria prima (1489). Based on a collation of 32 copies, this study identifies the corrections made by Poliziano’s assistants in Antonio Miscomini’s Florentine printing house. The first part of the article furnishes an overview of the handwritten corrections and indicates their relevance to our knowledge of the work’s textual genesis. The contribution then moves to an in-depth discussion of some specific corrections that reflect, amongst other things, Poliziano’s changing ideas on Latin prosody in some of his Greek-to-Latin translations, as well as on his interpretation of classical texts.
The Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty for Core Crimes
Authors: Bisset Alison 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Mutual Legal Assistance Initiative (mlai) was established to fill the widely acknowledged gap that currently exists within the international legal framework on inter-state cooperation in the prosecution of international crimes. Recent drafts of the mla Convention are concerned not only with mutual legal assistance and extradition, but a series of wider obligations for states on criminalisation in domestic law, exercise of jurisdiction and protection and reparations regimes for victims. It has become much more than a judicial cooperation treaty. This article analyses the developments and directional changes in the mlai, questioning whether the current draft Convention aligns with the Initiative’s original objectives and enables it to fulfil its aims.
Social Protest in Latin America: Democratic Crisis
Authors: Páez Bimos Pedro Martín 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Social protest is not only a controversial issue, but should also be viewed within the social scenarios it has undergone, particularly when there are several manifestations that reveal severe conflicts in Latin America. This essay will explore the problems of the democratic and economic system that indicate the lack of equity in society, illustrating the need to modify the democratic model in a way that allows for the achievement of the fundamental rights of the people.