bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon Photonics Circuits for the optical readout of CERN detectors
Authors: Scarcella C. , Alfiero D. , Cristiano A. , Detraz S. , Muthuganesan H. , Olanterä L. , Quintana I. , Sigaud C. , Soós C. , Troska J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing luminosity in CERN experiments, enabled by future upgrades, demands optical links with enhanced bandwidth and radiation tolerance. Silicon Photonics (SiPh) has emerged as the optoelectronic technology meeting these requirements and is being considered for the next generation of optical readout systems for CERN detectors. This paper presents the measurement results from photonic circuits integrated into a test chip designed at CERN, along with the progress on the system aspects of SiPh radiation-tolerant optical links.
Design of γ-γ fast timing setup VENTURE-2.0 with CeBr3 detectors
Authors: Pal A. , Bahre P. , Jha M.K. , Basak S. , Kumar D. , Alam S.S. , Roy S. , Régis J.M. , Bhattacharjee T. , Bhattacharjee T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The design of the γ-γ fast timing array
VENTURE-2.0 is presented as an upgradation of the VENTURE array
existing at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata. The
development will give rise to the possibility of exotic nuclear
structure studies in terms of shapes, spin and isospin using
γ-γ fast timing spectroscopy. The new array is aimed
at measuring nuclear level lifetimes from few nanoseconds down to
about few picoseconds in nuclei produced with low cross
section. Nine different sizes of CeBr3 detectors with crystal
dimension (diameter (ϕ) × thickness (t))
varying between 1 in and 2 in were considered as the possible
components of the array. The Monte Carlo and electronic circuit
simulations have been performed to estimate full-energy peak (FEP)
detection efficiency and time resolution for these nine different
sizes of detectors. The simulation was experimentally verified using
available 1 in× 1 in CeBr3 crystals
coupled to R9779 PMTs. The design of VENTURE-2.0 has been finalized
to result in the best time precision of the setup that can be
achieved through optimising the detection efficiency, time
resolution and number of detectors in the setup. It is observed that
detectors having higher surface area (ϕ 2 in.) but lower
thickness (t 1 in.) is the most appropriate one for the
development of VENTURE-2.0.
Towards the high-stability simulation and optimization method of magnet supports for fourth-generation synchrotron light sources
Authors: Cao Xiang , Zhang Tianhao , Guo Zhengpeng , Ma Wei , Zou Liping , Lu Liang , Yang Zhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fourth-generation synchrotron light sources pursue
ultra-high brightness and high spatial coherence, aiming to reduce
beam emittance to the diffraction-limit, which imposes stricter
requirements on the stability of the storage ring mechanical
system. Mechanical support serves as the foundation for all physical
components, ensuring their corresponding physical performance. This
study utilizes Design of Experiments method to simulate and analyze
the effects of different boundary conditions and component
structures on the eigenfrequency of Magnet-Girder
Assemblies. Through analyzing boundary conditions and performing
topology optimization, the design process of girder structures is
elaborated with the eigenfrequency as the optimization target,
ultimately achieving the 1st eigenfrequency of
61.298 Hz. This paper summarizes the principles influencing the
eigenfrequency of Magnet-Girder Assemblies with six-point support,
providing reference for future girder design and development.
Assessing rain-on-snow event dynamics over Alaska using 30-year satellite microwave observations
Authors: Du Jinyang , Kirchner Peter B , Pan Caleb G. , Watts Jennifer D , Kimball John S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rain-on-snow (ROS) events are characterized by liquid precipitation or condensation onto snow surfaces that can lead to snowmelt and the formation of ice layers. ROS events can directly alter the physical structure and thermal properties of the snowpack, leading to rapid melting and runoff-induced flooding, reduced snow insulation, and permafrost degradation. However, tracking ROS events and regional trends remain uncertain due to limited ground measurements and lack of long-term satellite ROS observations representing vast and remote boreal-Arctic landscapes. We quantified ROS dynamics over Alaska by developing a daily 6-km resolution ROS record using an established Gradient Ratio Polarization (GRP) approach and 30-year (1988-2017) satellite observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Image Sounder (SSMI/S) sensors. The data record captured well-documented ROS events and showed high consistency (R 0.94) with alternative ROS predictions from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS/2 (AMSR) sensors. Analysis showed an overall increasing ROS frequency with significant trends mainly identified during early winter. Notable rises in ROS frequency were also detected in mid-to-high elevation ranges (>400 m ASL), while this increase diminished at higher elevations (>1000 m ASL). Our analysis further confirmed that the warming climate plays a fundamental role in driving these ROS events, with significantly positive correlations between ROS frequency and air temperature. However, the significant correlations did not extend to the Eastern and Western Gulf climate zones of southern Alaska, where the ROS retrievals were likely affected by coastal ocean contamination of SSMI/S observations.&#xD;
Tunable Anisotropy in Wide-Bandgap 2D Crystal CaNb2O6 Utilizing Nanomechanical Resonators
Authors: Liang Yachun , Wang Luming , Wu Jiaqi , Wu Song , Zhu Jiankai , Qin Jiaze , Fan Xiulian , Zhang Zejuan , Xu Bo , Jiao Chenyin , Pei Shenghai , Zhou Yu , Xia Juan , Wang Zenghui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As an ultrathin wide-bandgap (WBG) material, CaNb2O6 exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties. Particularly, its highly asymmetric crystal structure further provides new opportunities for designing novel nanodevices with directional functionality. However, due to the significant challenges in applying conventional techniques to nanoscale samples, the in-plane anisotropy of CaNb2O6 has still remained yet to be explored. Here, we leverage the resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) platform, and successfully quantify both the mechanical and thermal anisotropies in such an ultrathin WBG crystal. Specifically, by measuring the dynamic response in both spectral and spatial domains, we determine the anisotropic Young’s modulus of CaNb2O6 as EY(a) = 70.42 GPa and EY(b) = 116.2 GPa. By further expanding this technique to cryogenic temperatures, we unveil the anisotropy in thermal expansion coefficients as α(a) = 13.5 ppm/K, α(b) = 2.9 ppm/K. Interestingly, through thermal strain engineering we successfully modulate the mode sequence and achieve crossing of (1×2) - (2×1) modes with perfect degeneracy. Our study provides guidelines for future CaNb2O6 nanodevices with additional degrees of freedom and new device functions.
Introduction to Pilgrimage in Buddhism
Authors: Hartmann Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a broad introduction to pilgrimage in Buddhist traditions, with a specific focus on the history of pilgrimage practices in Tibet. It draws on a wide range of sources, including Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana scriptures and commentaries, as well as contemporary ethnography. For readers unfamiliar with Buddhism or Tibet, it provides an accessible introduction to pilgrimage that will ground the rest of the book and situate Tibetan mountain pilgrimage in the landscape of Buddhist pilgrimage. For readers more familiar with Buddhist pilgrimage, it argues for seeing as a technique for making the Buddha’s presence feel real that runs throughout the history of Buddhist pilgrimage.
One Thing, Many Appearances
Authors: Hartmann Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines a centuries-long debate about the authenticity of Kailash, considered by most Tibetans to be the famed Mount Himavat or Mount Meru. Focusing mainly on two central texts in this debate—one by Sakya Paṇḍita (1182–1251) and one by Chödrak Yeshe (1453–1524)—this chapter shows that the main issue fueling debate is the gap between fantastic descriptions of the wonders of pilgrimage places and the mundane way those same places appear to ordinary perception. While Sakya Paṇḍita takes mundane ordinary perception as evidence that Kailash is not legitimate, Chödrak Yeshe articulates an account of how a single object can appear to different people in different ways. He separates the ordinary perception possessed by most humans from the extraordinary perception possessed by gods and masters and related in scripture. Ordinary pilgrims cannot see the extraordinary vision of Kailash and must instead imagine its presence at the pilgrimage site.
The Salvation of the Non-Philosopher
Authors: Laurens Hannah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the central tenets of Spinoza’s Ethics is that freedom is attained through knowledge: first through the adequate ideas of reason, and once reason is perfected through those of scientia intuitiva. It is the philosopher who is said to achieve blessedness (beatitudo): a profound contentment of mind (acquiescentia animi) that in its love and union with God constitutes salvation (salus). But if knowledge is the means to this freedom, what about those who are not of a philosophical disposition but instead live by the rules and regulations of religion? This essay argues, against the view of most scholars, that in the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus Spinoza maintains that salvation is not the prerogative of philosophers but is available to religious believers as well: they too may become entirely blessed (omnino beatus). On the basis of their understanding of divine law believers follow precepts that lead to a habit of virtue. Although their habitus virtutis is not grounded in knowledge (and their love of God is practical rather than intellectual), it successfully quiets a restless mind. The believer’s acquiescentia may be of a lesser intensity than the philosopher’s; still, insofar as theirs is a life lived in union with God, their acquiescentia animi is true, hence their salvation genuine.
The Genesis of Relationism
Authors: De Risi Vincenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay provides a history of the development of Leibniz’s ideas about space. Contrary to standard readings, Leibniz did not defend a relational theory of space until 1688, when he read Newton’s Principia and realized that he had to respond to the theory of absolute space with a new, powerful, and rich alternative theory. The essay details Leibniz’s theories of space prior to the relational theory and their philosophical sources. It discusses Leibniz’s theory of space in relation to his theories of time, motion, and geometry. Finally, it shows the role of Newton in the genesis of Leibniz’s relational theory.
Why we need to consider frailty in the assisted dying debate
Authors: Hopkins Sarah A , Price Annabel , Etkind Simon N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Assisted dying/assisted suicide (AD/AS) is legal or decriminalised in several countries and Bills to legalise it are currently being considered by the UK and Scottish Parliaments. Older adults living with frailty make up an increasing proportion of those who die, yet the possible implications of AD/AS for these individuals are relatively unexplored. Here, we discuss some of these issues.

Discussion
Frailty complicates AD/AS in relation to eligibility because of ambiguity over whether frailty constitutes a terminal illness, challenges in accurately predicting prognosis, and difficulty determining reversibility of suffering. Frailty also blurs the distinction between terminal illness and disability, in contrast to the clear-cut language of current proposed legislation where those with a terminal illness are eligible, but those with disability are not.
We discuss that decisions regarding AD/AS are often framed in terms of individual autonomy, whereas relational autonomy is the norm for many living with frailty, meaning that concerns regarding implicit coercion need careful consideration. Further, there is an established link between frailty and feeling a burden to others. There is an open question as to whether this, combined with persisting ageist attitudes in society, could influence decisions of people living with frailty about an assisted death.

Conclusion
The above issues make the place of frailty in proposed legislation on AD/AS uncertain. Further consideration is needed regarding eligibility, safeguards in the context of relational autonomy and for those who already feel a burden, and how to mitigate risks of further entrenching ableist and ageist attitudes.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of man-made vitreous fibres and respiratory health outcomes
Authors: McElvenny Damien M , Iskandar Ireny , Daniels Sarah , Gittins Matthew , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The generic term man-made vitreous fibres (MMVFs) also known as man-made mineral fibres (MMMFs) denotes non-crystalline, fibrous inorganic material manufactured primarily from glass, rock, minerals, slag, glass, and processed inorganic oxides. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified rock (stone) wool, glass wool, and continuous glass filament as Group 3 (not classifiable for carcinogenicity). This study contains an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory health outcomes and MMMFs.

Methods
Cinahl, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, and OpenGrey were searched for epidemiological studies of occupational MMMF exposure and malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted for reporting. Meta-analyses were carried out separately for cohort and case–control studies.

Results
A total of 25 studies were identified for inclusion in the systematic review, with 19 of these (9 cohort; 10 case–control) providing risk estimates for the meta-analyses. Of the cohort studies, 3 were carried out in Sweden, 2 each in Canada and the United States, one in France, and one several European countries. The start of follow-up ranged from 1933 to 1975. The meta-RR for lung cancer from cohort studies (incidence or mortality) was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.32), for laryngeal cancer was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.78 to 1.37), and for non-malignant respiratory diseases (NMRD) mortality was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.22). Of the case-control studies, 9 examined lung cancer and one laryngeal cancer. Three of the lung cancer studies were carried out in France and one each in Germany, Russia, Canada, and China, with one in several European countries and one was a nested case–control study of several case cohorts from across the globe. The meta-OR for lung cancer from the case–control studies was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.50).

Conclusions
Our findings broadly agree with a previously published meta-analysis of respiratory system cancers, in that they were similar in terms of magnitude of relative risk. However, overall, our results suggest that exposure to MMMFs is associated with a small, but statistically significantly elevated risk for lung cancer, but not for laryngeal cancer or NMRDs. Given the heterogeneity between studies, and the possibility of residual confounding, further work is required to determine if this association is causal.
Efficacy and safety of roxadustat for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jiang , Meng Zhen , Feng Lina , Zhuo Li , Liang Yan , Yang Mengxi , Su Lina , Zheng Zhaoqi , Liu Bowei , Ren Jingyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF). Roxadustat has been approved for the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD. However, its efficacy and safety in treating anemia in patients with both CKD and HF remain unclear. We conducted a retrospective study with propensity score matching (PSM) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in this population.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with HF comorbid with CKD and anemia. The patients were divided into two groups: the roxadustat and control groups. One-to-one PSM was used to balance baseline characteristics between the groups. The primary endpoint was the change in hemoglobin (Hb) at week 8. Secondary endpoints included Hb response, changes in hematocrit, ໿iron parameters, echocardiographic parameters, B-type natriuretic peptides, and lipid levels. Exploratory endpoints were mortality and rehospitalization rates over 30 days to 2 years. Safety endpoints included the incidence of hyperkalemia, liver damage, and thrombotic events.

Results
A total of 1 055 patients were screened. After PSM, 206 patients were included. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the matched cohorts. ໿At week 8, the roxadustat group experienced a greater increase in Hb than the control group, with a difference of 0.8 g/dL (95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 1.3, P = 0.003). The roxadustat group also demonstrated a higher Hb response (60.2% vs. 28.2%, P &lt; 0.001), and a greater increase in hematocrit (4.7 ± 0.9% vs. 2.8 ± 0.6%, P = 0.008) than the control group. No significant differences were observed for other secondary endpoints. Thrombotic events were similar between the two groups, and there were no differences in the risks of mortality or rehospitalization.

Conclusions
Roxadustat was effective in correcting and maintaining Hb levels in patients with anemia, HF, and CKD. It did not increase thrombotic and other adverse events, mortality, or rehospitalization risks, making it a promising treatment option for anemia in this population.
Five Years of Post-Marketing Liver Safety Data from the Tolvaptan Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy
Authors: Lohrmann Emanuel , Jaeger Thomas , Enekebe  , Zhang Zhen , Wilt Timothy , Riggen Michele , Stemhagen Annette , Nair Indu , Nunna Sasikiran , Fernandes Ancilla W , Gandhi Hema , Sergeyeva Olga , George Vinu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Approval of tolvaptan in the United States for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was contingent on implementation of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) that includes monitoring for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Liver safety data from the REMS were published previously for the period from program start (May 2018) to February 2021. To further characterize the post-marketing liver safety of tolvaptan, we provide a REMS update.

Methods
We analyzed prospective pharmacovigilance data on ADPKD patients who initiated tolvaptan in the post-marketing setting. The data capture period was May 2018—February 2023.

Results
Among 10,879 tolvaptan-treated patients, exposure was &gt;12 months for 45% and &gt;18 months for 35%. Since the 3-year analysis, in which 60/6711 (0.9%) patients were reported with possible severe DILI, the frequency has remained consistent to 5 years (i.e., 82/10,879 [0.8%]). Incidence of possible severe DILI in the REMS at 5 years was 0.52 events per 100 patient-years. Confirmation of possible severe DILI events as serious and potentially fatal was made for 4/82 events, with no new cases confirmed since the 3-year reporting period. No fatalities or liver transplants attributable to tolvaptan-related DILI have been reported in the REMS.

Conclusions
Five years of data support adherence to the per-label tolvaptan liver function monitoring schedule to promptly detect and manage liver toxicity. Conclusions are limited by data availability at the time of analysis cutoff, with the possibility that additional cases of possible severe DILI and/or serious and potentially fatal events may be identified.
Novel Ultrasound-Guided Adrenal Venous Sampling in Iodine Contrast Intolerant Patients: Two Case Reports
Authors: Hishida Yoshiaki , Hashimoto Kazuki , Mochizuki Ryota , Yasuda Hiroki , Nagasaka Tomoyuki , Deguchi Yuki , Sugiura Yoshiya , Yokota Kenichi , Ohike Nobuyuki , Sone Masakatsu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is an important procedure for determining primary aldosteronism (PA) subtypes. To guide the catheter to the adrenal veins and confirm cannulation, an iodinated contrast medium (ICM) is typically used. As an ultrasound-based device, the AcuNav intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter allows for real-time visualisation of vessels, offering a safer and less invasive option for patients at risk of using ICM. This report introduces a novel AVS technique using the AcuNav ICE catheter in two patients with PA with contraindications to ICM. One patient had a documented ICM allergy, and the other had active bronchial asthma. The AcuNav ICE catheter successfully enabled cannulation of the adrenal veins in both cases without the need for ICM or alternative agents. This ultrasound-guided technique is novel for AVS and highlights the potential of this method for broader applications in the management of patients with PA with ICM intolerance.
Impact of Remission Status in Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome on Cancer Incidence
Authors: Rudman Yaron , Fleseriu Maria , Masri-Iraqi Hiba , Shochat Tzipora , Kushnir Shiri , Shimon Ilan , Akirov Amit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) has been linked with an increased risk of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the association between cancer risk and disease remission post-surgery in adrenal CS and Cushing's disease (CD).

Design
A nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study of patients with CS diagnosed between 2000-2023 in Israel, using Clalit Health Services’ database.

Methods
Patients with CS were matched 1:5 with controls by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and BMI. Remission status post-surgery was assessed within two years after the diagnosis of CS. The outcome measured was time to first diagnosis of malignancy, at least three years post-CS diagnosis, excluding those who died or developed cancer earlier. Malignancy risk, stratified by remission status, was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards with death as a competing event.

Results
The cohort comprised 388 cases and 1,862 controls [mean age at diagnosis, 47.4±16.8 years; 1,534 (68.2%) women].
Among patients with CD, those who did not achieve remission within 2 years post diagnosis (n=69) had a higher risk of malignancy compared to those who achieved remission (n=99) (HR 3.89, 95% CI 1.41-10.75). Cancer risk in patients with CD who achieved remission was similar to that of the controls (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.23-1.47).
In patients with adrenal CS, the risk of cancer was comparable between those who did not achieve early remission (n=39) and those who did (n=113) (HR 1.68, 95% CI 0.83-3.40).

Conclusion
Though cancer risk is higher in both CD and adrenal CS, we have shown that achieving surgical remission within 2 years may attenuate cancer risk in patients with CD, but not in those with adrenal CS.