bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface roughness of as-printed polymers: a comprehensive review
Authors: Golhin Ali Payami , Tonello Riccardo , Frisvad Jeppe Revall , Grammatikos Sotirios , Strandlie Are 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface roughness is gaining increasing recognition in the processing design methods of additive manufacturing (AM) due to its role in many critical applications. This impact extends not only to various AM product manufacturing but also to indirect applications, such as molding and casting. This review article discusses the role of processing on the surface roughness of AM-printed polymers with limited post-processing by summarizing recent advances. This review offers a benchmark for surface quality improvement of AM processes, considering the surface roughness of polymeric parts. For this purpose, it lists and analyzes the key processes and various printing parameters used to monitor and adjust surface roughness under given constraints. Four AM techniques for manufacturing polymeric parts are compared: fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), vat photopolymerization (VPP), and material jetting (MJT). A review and discussion of recent studies are presented, along with the most critical process parameters that affect surface roughness for the selected AM techniques. To assist in selecting the most appropriate method of 3D printing, comparable research summaries are presented. The outcome is a detailed survey of current techniques, process parameters, roughness ranges, and their applicability in achieving surface quality improvement in as-printed polymers.
Operation characteristics of a disk-type rotating detonation engine
Authors: Ishii K. , Ohno K. , Kawana H. , Kawasaki K. , Hayashi A. K. , Tsuboi N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present work, operation characteristics of a disk-type rotating detonation engine (DRDE) with a constant chamber area were experimentally studied for various total mass flow rates and a wide variety of equivalence ratios of hydrogen–air mixtures. From the direct visualizations, the rotating detonation wave was found to propagate near the outer wall of the combustion chamber, regardless of the wave mode. For the present test conditions, single- and double-wave modes are observed, depending on the equivalence ratio of the mixture. The pressure gain was evaluated based on a one-dimensional flow model together with the chamber static pressure measured with the capillary tube average pressure technique. Although the present DRDE configuration provided a negative pressure gain for all the test conditions, it was found that the single-wave mode was superior to the double-wave mode in terms of the pressure gain.
Effects of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on cognitive functions and blood–brain barrier in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats
Authors: Ma Yang , Chen Shiling , Li Yuanwei , Wang Jiahui , Yang Jingfei , Jing Jie , Liu Xia , Li Yunjie , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Ping , Tang Zhouping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been one of the major types of cognitive impairment. Blood–brain barrier damage plays an essential part in the pathogenesis of VCI. At present, the treatment of VCI is mainly focused on prevention, with no drug clinically approved for the treatment of VCI. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on VCI rats. A modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (mBCCAO) model was applied to mimic VCI. The feasibility of the mBCCAO model was verified by laser Doppler, 13N-Ammonia-Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET), and Morris Water Maze. Subsequently, the Morris water maze experiment, Evans blue staining, and western blot of tight junction protein were performed to evaluate the effect of different doses of NBP (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg) on the improvement of cognitive impairment and BBB disruption induced by mBCCAO. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the changes in pericyte coverage in the mBCCAO model and the effect of NBP on pericyte coverage was preliminarily explored. mBCCAO surgery led to obvious cognitive impairment and the decrease of whole cerebral blood flow, among which the blood flow in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus brain regions decreased more significantly. High-dose NBP (80 mg/kg) improved long-term cognitive function in mBCCAO rats, alleviated Evans blue leakage and reduced the loss of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-5) in the early course of the disease, thereby exerting a protective effect on the blood–brain barrier. No significant changes in pericyte coverage were observed after mBCCAO. High-dose NBP improved cognitive function in mBCCAO rats. High-dose NBP protected the integrity of BBB by upregulating TJ protein expression, rather than regulating pericyte coverage ratio. NBP could be a potential drug for the treatment of VCI.
Prognostic Value of Systemic Inflammation Response Index in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Xu Hongjie , Wang He , Wu Lujia , Xu Tianyu , Han Lin , Lu Fanglin , Li Bailing , Sun Yangyong , Xu Zhiyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAD) following open surgery.Methods and resultsTotally, 410 ATAD patients underwent open surgery from 2019 to 2021 were enrolled in the study. Among the patients, the in‐hospital mortality was 14.4%. Cox regression (95%CI 1.033–1.114p < 0.001) and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (AUC = 0.718, p < 0.001) demonstrated the prognostic role of SIRI for in‐hospital mortality after surgery. The optimal cut‐off value of SIRI for in‐hospital mortality was identified as 9.43 by maximally selected Log‐Rank statistics. The patients were divided into high SIRI group (SIRI ≥ 9.43) and low SIRI group (SIRI < 9.43)) after the linear inverse relationship between SIRI and hazard ratio for in‐hospital mortality was demonstrated by restricted cubic spline analysis (p = 0.0742). The Kaplan–Meier analysis illustrated that in‐hospital mortality increased significantly in high SIRI group (p < 0.001). In addition, elevating SIRI was significantly associated with the incidence of coronary sinus tear (95%CI 1.020–4.475p = 0.044). Furthermore, the incidence rate of postoperative complications including renal failure (p < 0.001) and infection (p = 0.019) was higher in high SIRI group.ConclusionThe study indicated that preoperative SIRI could provide strong prognostic value for in‐hospital mortality in ATAD patients following open surgery. Thus, SIRI was a promising biomarker for risk stratification and management prior to open surgery.
A model robust subsampling approach for Generalised Linear Models in big data settings
Authors: Mahendran Amalan , Thompson Helen , McGree James M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn today’s modern era of big data, computationally efficient and scalable methods are needed to support timely insights and informed decision making. One such method is subsampling, where a subset of the big data is analysed and used as the basis for inference rather than considering the whole data set. A key question when applying subsampling approaches is how to select an informative subset based on the questions being asked of the data. A recent approach for this has been proposed based on determining subsampling probabilities for each data point, but a limitation of this approach is that the appropriate subsampling probabilities rely on an assumed model for the big data. In this article, to overcome this limitation, we propose a model robust approach where a set of models is considered, and the subsampling probabilities are evaluated based on the weighted average of probabilities that would be obtained if each model was considered singularly. Theoretical results are derived to inform such an approach. Our model robust subsampling approach is applied in a simulation study and in two real-world applications where performance is compared to current subsampling practices. The results show that our model robust approach outperforms alternative methods.
Radiomorphologic profiles of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Skadorwa Tymon , Wierzbieniec Olga , Sośnicka Kamila , Podkowa Klaudia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Numerous classification systems of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSC) are applied but none has gained a wide acceptance, since each classification is focused on distinct aspects of cranial dysmorphology. The goal of this study was to depict the most common combinations of radiomorphologic characteristics of NSC and to separate groups where the patients were morphologically similar to one another and at the same time significantly different from others.

Methods
The study was conducted on anonymized thin-cut CT scans of 131 children with NSC aged 1–12 months (mean age 5.42 months). The type of cranial dysmorphology was assessed using four criteria: skull shape, pattern of sagittal suture fusion, morphologic features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces alterations. After assigning the categories, an unsupervised k-modes clustering algorithm was applied to identify distinct patients clusters representing radiomorphologic profiles determined by investigated characteristics.

Results
Cluster analysis revealed three distinct radiomorphologic profiles including the most common combinations of features. The profiles were not influenced by sex nor age but were significantly determined by skull shape (V = 0.58, P < 0.0001), morphologic features (V = 0.50, P < 0.0001) and pattern of sagittal suture fusion (V = 0.47, P < 0.0001). CSF alterations did not significantly correlate with the profiles (P = 0.3585).

Conclusion
NSC is a mosaic of radiologic and morphologic features. The internal diversity of NSC results in dissimilar groups of patients defined by unique combinations of radiomorphologic characteristics, from which the skull shape is the most differentiating factor. Radiomorphologic profiles support the idea of clinical trials targeted at more selective outcomes assessment.
Speaking up for the lost voices: representation and inclusion of people with communication impairment in brain tumour research
Authors: Menger Fiona , Cresswell Harriet , Lewis Joanne , Volkmer Anna , Sharp Linda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Brain tumours and their associated treatments can lead to progressive impairments of communication, adversely affecting quality-of-life. This commentary explores our concerns that people with speech, language, and communication needs face barriers to representation and inclusion in brain tumour research; we then offer possible solutions to support their participation. Our main concerns are that there is currently poor recognition of the nature of communication difficulties following brain tumours, limited focus on the psychosocial impact, and lack of transparency on why people with speech, language, and communication needs were excluded from research or how they were supported to take part. We propose solutions focusing on working towards more accurate reporting of symptoms and the impact of impairment, using innovative qualitative methods to collect data on the lived experiences of speech, language, and communication needs, and empowering speech and language therapists to become part of research teams as experts and advocates for this population. These solutions would support the accurate representation and inclusion of people with communication needs after brain tumour in research, allowing healthcare professionals to learn more about their priorities and needs.
Benchmarking short-term postoperative mortality across neurosurgery units: is hospital administrative data good enough for risk-adjustment?
Authors: Wahba Adam J , Phillips Nick , Mathew Ryan K , Hutchinson Peter J , Helmy Adel , Cromwell David A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgical mortality indicators should be risk-adjusted when evaluating the performance of organisations. This study evaluated the performance of risk-adjustment models that used English hospital administrative data for 30-day mortality after neurosurgery.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2018. Organisational-level 30-day mortality was calculated for selected subspecialties (neuro-oncology, neurovascular and trauma neurosurgery) and the overall cohort. Risk adjustment models were developed using multivariable logistic regression and incorporated various patient variables: age, sex, admission method, social deprivation, comorbidity and frailty indices. Performance was assessed in terms of discrimination and calibration.

Results
The cohort included 49,044 patients. Overall, 30-day mortality rate was 4.9%, with unadjusted organisational rates ranging from 3.2 to 9.3%. The variables in the best performing models varied for the subspecialties; for trauma neurosurgery, a model that included deprivation and frailty had the best calibration, while for neuro-oncology a model with these variables plus comorbidity performed best. For neurovascular surgery, a simple model of age, sex and admission method performed best. Levels of discrimination varied for the subspecialties (range: 0.583 for trauma and 0.740 for neurovascular). The models were generally well calibrated. Application of the models to the organisation figures produced an average (median) absolute change in mortality of 0.33% (interquartile range (IQR) 0.15–0.72) for the overall cohort model. Median changes for the subspecialty models were 0.29% (neuro-oncology, IQR 0.15–0.42), 0.40% (neurovascular, IQR 0.24–0.78) and 0.49% (trauma neurosurgery, IQR 0.23–1.68).

Conclusions
Reasonable risk-adjustment models for 30-day mortality after neurosurgery procedures were possible using variables from HES, although the models for trauma neurosurgery performed less well. Including a measure of frailty often improved model performance.
Childhood trauma and fear of childbirth: findings from a birth cohort study
Authors: Porthan Elviira , Lindberg Matti , Härkönen Juho , Scheinin Noora M. , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Ekholm Eeva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate if experiencing childhood trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, or sexual abuse) or a greater total burden of childhood trauma increase the risk of fear of childbirth (FOC). This study included 2556 women living in Southwest Finland. Women were recruited during routine ultrasound visits at gestational week (gwk) 12. Experiencing childhood trauma was assessed in retrospect with the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) questionnaire completed at gwk 14. Information on the diagnosis of FOC (ICD-10 diagnosis O99.80) was obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Associations between childhood trauma (domains and total TADS score) and FOC were analyzed with logistic regression in unadjusted and adjusted models. Emotional abuse (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10–1.42), emotional neglect (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.46), and a greater total burden of trauma (TADS total score) (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10) increased the risk for FOC. We found no evidence for physical abuse (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.32), physical neglect (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.92–1.22), and sexual abuse (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99–1.56) associating with FOC. Childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and a greater total burden of childhood trauma increase the risk for FOC. However, the childhood traumatic events were inquired in retrospect, which could distort the events.
Synthesis of artificial aggregates and their impact on performance of concrete: a review
Authors: Bekkeri Gopal Bharamappa , Shetty Kiran K. , Nayak Gopinatha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfrastructure development and urbanization have created a demand for the prime construction material—"Concrete." The manufacture of concrete has pressurized the aggregate supply chain for over-exploitation of natural resources leading to eco-detrimental impacts besides environmental regulations. The auxiliary sectors of the construction industry are creating a vast quantum of by-products and waste, causing environmental degradation, which concerns governing bodies. Developing aggregates artificially using these by-products and waste materials would be an eco-friendly and economical solution. This article provides an overview of the ingredients, production methods, and factors influencing the characteristics of such sustainable building materials, which can substitute conventional aggregates in the near future.
Social disadvantage, context and network dynamics in later life
Authors: Feng Nan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow do personal networks evolve as individuals age? To what degree do social disadvantage and contextual factors matter for network dynamics in later life? This paper answers these two questions based on egocentric network data of older adults over a ten-year period. Specifically, I use longitudinal and nationally representative data on 1,168 older adults from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. I use between-within models to separate the within- and between-individual effects of sociodemographic characteristics and contextual factors on three aspects of social connectedness in later life: network size, frequency of contact, and proportion of kin. Patterns of network change vary among people of different races and ethnicities as well as educational levels. Black and Hispanic respondents have a significantly smaller network size and a higher average frequency of contact with confidants. Moreover, Hispanic respondents have a higher proportion of kin in the network, compared to White respondents. Similarly, older adults with less education have a smaller network size, higher frequency of contact and higher proportion of kin in their confidant networks compared to those who attended college. Older adults who have better mental health are more likely to have a higher frequency of contact and higher proportion of kin. When an older adult starts to work for pay, their frequency of contact with confidants tends to increase. Older adults living in neighborhoods with stronger social ties are more likely to have a larger network size, higher frequency of contact, and lower proportion of kin in their confidant network. The above results show that disadvantaged backgrounds and contextual factors are associated with certain less favorable network characteristics, which helps to explain the concentration of social disadvantage on certain populations.
Effect of P53 nuclear localization mediated by G3BP1 on ferroptosis in acute liver failure
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Li Wei , Li Xun , Wang Luwen , Wang Yao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigated whether G3BP1 could regulate ferroptosis in hepatocytes during ALF by affecting the entry of P53 into the nucleus. Promoting G3BP1 expression could inhibit P53 entry by binding to the nuclear localization sequence of P53. The inhibition of SLC7A11 transcription was weakened after blocking of P53 binding to the promoter region of the SLC7A11 gene. The SLC7A11-GSH-GPX4 antiferroptotic pathway was subsequently activated, and the level of ferroptosis in ALF hepatocytes was inhibited.
Cultivation of Gongolaria barbata (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) with a seaweed-derived biostimulant in order to improve photophysiological fitness and promote fertility to advance the restoration of marine macroalgal forests
Authors: Kaleb Sara , Sánchez de Pedro Raquel , Bañares-España Elena , Alboresi Alessandro , Savonitto Gilda , Natale Sara , Bevilacqua Stanislao , Falace Annalisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a result of several anthropogenic factors, Cystoseira sensu lato forests have declined or become regionally extinct in many coastal regions of the Mediterranean. Given the low natural recovery of lost populations, research efforts have been encouraged to develop sustainable and efficient restoration of macroalgal forests on a large scale. By promoting growth and fertility of collected thallus branches under controlled laboratory conditions, the availability of seedlings for restoration could be ensured without jeopardizing natural populations. Here we investigated the effect of a commercial algal biostimulant (AlgatronCifo®) on the photophysiology, growth and fertility of Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). In a factorial laboratory experiment, two different temperatures (10 ºC and 14 °C) and two culture media [i.e. seawater (SW) and Algatron (AT)] were tested. The photosynthetic performance of G. barbata doubled after three weeks of culture with AT, while it decreased by 25% when cultivated in SW. The highest photosynthetic performance and growth were achieved at 14ºC with AT, where fertile receptacles also developed, followed by seedling settlements. The thalli cultured in AT had similar or better photosynthetic performance than the initial control thalli. AT-cultured thalli had a greater ability to quench energy via photochemical pathways (qP) than those from the SW, which on the contrary, had higher levels of non-photochemical responses (qN, NPQmax). This limited photosynthetic performance was probably linked to the higher P-limitation experienced under that treatment. The algal biostimulant enhanced the physiological performance and induced fertility of G. barbata, demonstrating its valorization potential and setting a new path for improved restoration applications.
Parenting in Adversity: Effects of Older Caregivers, Biological Carers and Troubled Carers on Child Outcomes in High HIV-Affected Communities
Authors: Sherr Lorraine , Macedo Ana , Tomlinson Mark , Skeen Sarah , Hensels Imca S. , Steventon Roberts Kathryn J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Caregiving by older adults is a common phenomenon, enhanced in the era of HIV infection. This longitudinal study was set up to examine the effect of caregiver age, relationship and mental wellbeing on child (4–13 years) outcomes (psychosocial and cognitive) in a sample of 808 caregiver- child dyads in South Africa and Malawi. Respondents were drawn from consecutive attenders at Community Based Organisations (CBOs) and interviewed with standardised inventories at baseline and followed up 12–15 months later. Analysis focused on three separate aspects of the caregiver; age, relationship to the child, and mental wellbeing, results are stratified with regard to these factors. Results showed that compared to younger caregivers, over 50 years were carrying a heavy load of childcare, but caregiver age for the most part was not associated with child outcomes. Being biologically related to the child (such as biological grandparenting) was also not a significant factor in child outcomes measured. However, irrespective of age and relationship, caregiver mental health was associated with differences in child outcome – those children of caregivers with a greater mental health burden were found to report experiencing more physical and psychologically violent discipline. Over time, the use of violent discipline was found to reduce. These data suggest that older caregivers and grandparents are providing comparable care to younger caregivers, for young children in the face of the HIV epidemic and that interventions should focus on mental health support for all caregivers, irrespective of age or relationship to the child.