bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic properties of A
2Ti6O13 (
A=
H, Li, Na, K and Rb): a computational study
Authors: Simalaotao Kodchakorn , Thanasarnsurapong Thanasee , Maluangnont Tosapol , Phacheerak Kanoknan , Boonchun Adisak 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The elastic properties of the alkali hexatitanate family A
2Ti6O13 (A = H, Li, Na, K, and Rb) are investigated based on density functional theory within a generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard U (GGA+U) approach. The results showed that all members of the family are wide-band semiconductors and the calculated lattice parameters are consistent with experimental values. In terms of mechanical stability, the results indicated that the alkali hexatitanates are highly incompressible to uniaxial stress, with the largest elastic constant C22 reaching values as high as 265 GPa in K2Ti6O13. The obtained elastic constants, using the stress–strain method, were used to calculate bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, brittleness and ductility, elastic anisotropy, Vickers hardness, sound velocities, and the Debye temperature. It was found that the member of the family with the highest atomic number of the alkaline group, Rb2Ti6O13, had the highest values of bulk, shear, and Young’s modulus, as well as the lowest values of shear and compression anisotropy, and a high Vickers hardness.
(Super)universal attractors and the de Sitter vacua in string landscape
Authors: Guleryuz Omer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present an effective field theory for string inflation with spontaneously broken supersymmetry without generating any supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua. In that regard, we analyze the nilpotent superfields that effectively capture the physics of anti-D3 branes, and obtain the underlying pattern of universal attractors with a single parameter. Accordingly, we reveal a novel uplifting method by adding the same parameter as a complex contribution parallel to the decomposition of a superfield. Following that, we obtain an almost vanishing cosmological constant in a region where the inflationary attractors unify. Finally, we show that the introduction of nilpotent superfields drastically extends the string landscape for the de Sitter (swampland) conjecture, and the (super)universal attractors are in the string landscape in that respect.
Non-parametric Lagrangian biasing from the insights of neural nets
Authors: Wu Xiaohan , Muñoz Julian B. , Eisenstein Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a Lagrangian model of galaxy clustering bias in which we train a neural net using the local properties of the smoothed initial density field to predict the late-time mass-weighted halo field.
By fitting the mass-weighted halo field in the AbacusSummit simulations at z = 0.5, we find that including three coarsely spaced smoothing scales gives the best recovery of the halo power spectrum. Adding more smoothing scales may lead to 2–5% underestimation of the large-scale power and can cause the neural net to overfit.
We find that the fitted halo-to-mass ratio can be well described by two directions in the original high-dimension feature space.
Projecting the original features into these two principal components and re-training the neural net either reproduces the original training result, or outperforms it with a better match of the halo power spectrum. The elements of the principal components are unlikely to be assigned physical meanings, partly owing to the features being highly correlated between different smoothing scales.
Our work illustrates a potential need to include multiple smoothing scales when studying galaxy bias, and this can be done easily with machine-learning methods that can take in high dimensional input feature space.
Simultaneous RGB generation in domain engineered QPM devices using type 0 DFG process
Authors: Rajan Indhumathi Ravi , Pandiyan Krishnamoorthy , Karn Rakesh Kumar , Meetei Toijam Sunder 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We have theoretically demonstrated the simultaneous generation of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) wavelengths by employing the type-0 quasi-phase-matched (QPM) difference frequency generation (DFG) process in congruent LiNbO3 crystal. Various domain-engineered QPM structures are presented and analysed, aiming to achieve an excellent spectral response. The RGB emissions were observed to vary from 632 nm to 656 nm for red, 504 nm to 532 nm for green, and 449 nm to 484 nm for blue, respectively, for different configurations of input pump, operating temperature, and phase matching periods. A maximum shift of about 10 nm to 20 nm was noticed in the spectral position of the DFG peaks when the operating temperature varies from 25 °C to 60 °C. We have also investigated the effect of pump detuning and random domain fluctuations over the phase matching point on the DFG spectrum. Further, we have addressed the advantages of introducing a phase shifter (PS) domain in the periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) to produce excellent equal intensity RGB peaks in a single device for their potential application in a laser-based projection display system.
Updated Inventory of Carbon Monoxide in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Duan Yan , Li Di , Pagani Laurent , Goldsmith Paul F. , Ching Tao-Chung , Wang Chen , Xie Jinjin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The most extensive survey of carbon monoxide (CO) gas in the Taurus molecular cloud relied on 12CO and 13CO J = 1 → 0 emission only, distinguishing the region where 12CO is detected without 13CO (named mask 1 region) from the one where both are detected (mask 2 region) (Goldsmith et al. 2008; Pineda et al. 2010). We have taken advantage of recent 12CO J = 3 → 2 James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observations, where they include mask 1 regions to estimate density, temperature, and N(CO) with a large velocity gradient model. This represents 1395 pixels out of ∼1.2 million in the mark 1 region. Compared to Pineda et al. (2010) results and assuming a T
kin of 30 K, we find a higher volume density of molecular hydrogen of 3.3 × 103 cm−3, compared to their 250–700 cm−3, and a CO column density of 5.7 × 1015 cm−2, about a quarter of their value. The differences are important and show the necessity to observe several CO transitions to better describe the intermediate region between the dense cloud and the diffuse atomic medium. Future observations to extend the 12CO J = 3 → 2 mapping further away from the 13CO-detected region comprising mask 1 are needed to revisit our understanding of the diffuse portions of dark clouds.
Cost-efficient single photon-sensitive nanosecond gated spectrometer based on commercial grade image intensifier
Authors: Ščajev Patrik , Mekys Algirdas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A commercial grade low-cost image intensifier was modified
with a fast transistor gating circuit for time-resolved
photoluminescence spectra and decay measurements. Gating exposure of
20 ns and spectral sensitivity in the 300–1000 nm range were
achieved. Operation frequency in 5 Hz to 0.3 MHz range was
verified by a pulsed laser diode. Pulsed repetitive image detection
was integrated on a cooled CMOS camera. High dynamic range and wide
spectral resolution were achieved. The thermal noise, reduced by
three orders of magnitude at -16°C cooling and a high gain of
104, allowed single photon detection. Application of the
spectrometer for sensitive photoluminescence decay measurements at
pulsed laser excitation was performed on MAPbBr3 perovskite and
CsI(Tl) scintillator crystals. The decay lifetimes of 400–600 ns
and 100–6000 ns were determined, respectively. CsI(Tl)
scintillator showed much stronger x-ray luminescence intensity due
to larger defect density.
Improved sensitivity of liquid sensing melt-spun polymer fibers filled with carbon nanoparticles by considering solvent-polymer solubility parameters
Authors: Bautista-Quijano Jose Roberto , Brünig Harald , Pötschke Petra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) and the Relative Energy Differences (REDs) were used to select suitable polymers to perform sensing experiments of electrically conductive nanocomposites against different solvents to employ such materials for sensor applications. From the solvent-polymer HSPs and their REDs, it was determined that polycarbonate (PC) is a polymer with potential towards high liquid sensitivity for different organic solvents. Furthermore, PC is spinnable and sensing fibers of different diameters can be easily produced. In order to get electrically conductive materials, PC was melt-mixed with carbon nanoparticles such as Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MW) and Carbon Black (CB). The materials were then spun into fibers via melt-spinning and evaluated for liquid sensing. It was found that combining MW and CB (50/50 wt%) improved the fiber spinnability and their sensing range in comparison to fibers made of PC and only MW. Liquid sensing evaluations showed that knowing the REDs in advance allows predictions on the ability of nanocomposite fibers to be highly sensitive to specific solvents. From the sensing evaluations it was found that fibers made with hybrid fillers of CB+MW, drawing down ratios of 4 to 12 and filler contents between 3 and 6 wt% showed the best liquid sensing abilities. Depending on the composition and the conditions of fiber production, the maximum values of relative resistance change for fibers with CB+MW were always higher than for fibers containing MW only. Testing for instance butyl acetate as solvent, the fibers with MW+CB achieved values between 600%–3200% for long immersion times, while values between 390 and 1200% were obtained for the fibers with only MW. Testing a selected fiber under a simulated leakage scenario and as sheath/core bi-component fiber showed the effectiveness of these fibers working as liquid detector as well as potential for applications beyond single component fiber sensors.
Biomechanical analysis of a single-level customized cage screw fixation for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the cervical spine: an in-silico study
Authors: Kumar Ram , Kumar Amit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The usual surgical choice of customized cage fixation is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylosis with disc herniation. The safe and successful cage fixation for ACDF surgery benefits patients with cervical disc degenerative disease by easing their discomfort and regaining function. The cage prevents mobility between the vertebrae by using cage fixation to anchor the neighbouring vertebrae. The goal of the current study is to develop a customized cage-screw implant for single-level cage fixation at C4–C5 level of the cervical spine (C2–C7). The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed for the intact and implanted cervical spine and analysed the flexibility, stress of the implant and implant adjacent bone during three physiological loading conditions being analysed. Lower surface of the C7 vertebrae is fixed and 50 N compressive force with 1 Nm moment are applied on the C2 vertebrae for simulated lateral bending, axial rotation and flexion-extension. The flexibility is decreased at single level of fixation (C4–C5 level) by 64% to 86%, as compared to natural cervical spine. The flexibility is increased 3% to 17% at the nearest levels of fixation. The maximum Von Mises stress in PEEK cage varies from 24 to 59 MPa and for Ti-6Al-4V screw the stress varies from 84 MPa to 121 MPa which are far below the yield stress of PEEK (95 MPa) and Ti-6Al-4V (750 MPa).
MultiNEP: a multi-omics network enhancement framework for prioritizing disease genes and metabolites simultaneously
Authors: Xu Zhuoran , Marchionni Luigi , Wang Shuang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Many studies have successfully used network information to prioritize candidate omics profiles associated with diseases. The metabolome, as the link between genotypes and phenotypes, has accumulated growing attention. Using a ”multi-omics” network constructed with a gene–gene network, a metabolite–metabolite network, and a gene–metabolite network to simultaneously prioritize candidate disease-associated metabolites and gene expressions could further utilize gene–metabolite interactions that are not used when prioritizing them separately. However, the number of metabolites is usually 100 times fewer than that of genes. Without accounting for this imbalance issue, we cannot effectively use gene–metabolite interactions when simultaneously prioritizing disease-associated metabolites and genes.

Results
Here, we developed a Multi-omics Network Enhancement Prioritization (MultiNEP) framework with a weighting scheme to reweight contributions of different sub-networks in a multi-omics network to effectively prioritize candidate disease-associated metabolites and genes simultaneously. In simulation studies, MultiNEP outperforms competing methods that do not address network imbalances and identifies more true signal genes and metabolites simultaneously when we down-weight relative contributions of the gene–gene network and up-weight that of the metabolite–metabolite network to the gene–metabolite network. Applications to two human cancer cohorts show that MultiNEP prioritizes more cancer-related genes by effectively using both within- and between-omics interactions after handling network imbalance.

Availability and implementation
The developed MultiNEP framework is implemented in an R package and available at: https://github.com/Karenxzr/MultiNep
HONMF: integration analysis of multi-omics microbiome data via matrix factorization and hypergraph
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Lifang , Ma Yingjun , Zhang Song 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The accumulation of multi-omics microbiome data provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the diversity of bacterial, fungal, and viral components from different conditions. The changes in the composition of viruses, bacteria, and fungi communities have been associated with environments and critical illness. However, identifying and dissecting the heterogeneity of microbial samples and cross-kingdom interactions remains challenging.

Results
We propose HONMF for the integrative analysis of multi-modal microbiome data, including bacterial, fungal, and viral composition profiles. HONMF enables identification of microbial samples and data visualization, and also facilitates downstream analysis, including feature selection and cross-kingdom association analysis between species. HONMF is an unsupervised method based on hypergraph induced orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization, where it assumes that latent variables are specific for each composition profile and integrates the distinct sets of latent variables through graph fusion strategy, which better tackles the distinct characteristics in bacterial, fungal, and viral microbiome. We implemented HONMF on several multi-omics microbiome datasets from different environments and tissues. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of HONMF in data visualization and clustering. HONMF also provides rich biological insights by implementing discriminative microbial feature selection and bacterium–fungus–virus association analysis, which improves our understanding of ecological interactions and microbial pathogenesis.

Availability and implementation
The software and datasets are available at https://github.com/chonghua-1983/HONMF.
Inhibition of the extracellular enzyme A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 4 prevents cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction
Authors: Vistnes Maria , Erusappan Pugazendhi Murugan , Sasi Athiramol , Nordén Einar Sjaastad , Bergo Kaja Knudsen , Romaine Andreas , Lunde Ida Gjervold , Zhang Lili , Olsen Maria Belland , Øgaard Jonas , Carlson Cathrine Rein , Wang Christian Hjorth , Riise Jon , Dahl Christen Peder , Fiane Arnt Eltvedt , Hauge-Iversen Ida Marie , Espe Emil , Melleby Arne Olav , Tønnessen Theis , Aronsen Jan Magnus , Sjaastad Ivar , Christensen Geir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure is a condition with high mortality rates, and there is a lack of therapies that directly target maladaptive changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as fibrosis. We investigated whether the ECM enzyme known as A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) 4 might serve as a therapeutic target in treatment of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis.Methods and resultsThe effects of pharmacological ADAMTS4 inhibition on cardiac function and fibrosis were examined in rats exposed to cardiac pressure overload. Disease mechanisms affected by the treatment were identified based on changes in the myocardial transcriptome. Following aortic banding, rats receiving an ADAMTS inhibitor, with high inhibitory capacity for ADAMTS4, showed substantially better cardiac function than vehicle-treated rats, including ∼30% reduction in E/e′ and left atrial diameter, indicating an improvement in diastolic function. ADAMTS inhibition also resulted in a marked reduction in myocardial collagen content and a down-regulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β target genes. The mechanism for the beneficial effects of ADAMTS inhibition was further studied in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts producing mature ECM. ADAMTS4 caused a 50% increase in the TGF-β levels in the medium. Simultaneously, ADAMTS4 elicited a not previously known cleavage of TGF-β-binding proteins, i.e. latent-binding protein of TGF-β and extra domain A-fibronectin. These effects were abolished by the ADAMTS inhibitor. In failing human hearts, we observed a marked increase in ADAMTS4 expression and cleavage activity.ConclusionInhibition of ADAMTS4 improves cardiac function and reduces collagen accumulation in rats with cardiac pressure overload, possibly through a not previously known cleavage of molecules that control TGF-β availability. Targeting ADAMTS4 may serve as a novel strategy in heart failure treatment, in particular, in heart failure with fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.
Genome assembly of 3 Amazonian Morpho butterfly species reveals Z-chromosome rearrangements between closely related species living in sympatry
Authors: Bastide Héloïse , López-Villavicencio Manuela , Ogereau David , Lledo Joanna , Dutrillaux Anne-Marie , Debat Vincent , Llaurens Violaine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The genomic processes enabling speciation and species coexistence in sympatry are still largely unknown. Here we describe the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of 3 closely related species from the butterfly genus Morpho: Morpho achilles (Linnaeus, 1758), Morpho helenor (Cramer, 1776), and Morpho deidamia (Höbner, 1819). These large blue butterflies are emblematic species of the Amazonian rainforest. They live in sympatry in a wide range of their geographical distribution and display parallel diversification of dorsal wing color pattern, suggesting local mimicry. By sequencing, assembling, and annotating their genomes, we aim at uncovering prezygotic barriers preventing gene flow between these sympatric species. We found a genome size of 480 Mb for the 3 species and a chromosomal number ranging from 2n = 54 for M. deidamia to 2n = 56 for M. achilles and M. helenor. We also detected inversions on the sex chromosome Z that were differentially fixed between species, suggesting that chromosomal rearrangements may contribute to their reproductive isolation. The annotation of their genomes allowed us to recover in each species at least 12,000 protein-coding genes and to discover duplications of genes potentially involved in prezygotic isolation like genes controlling color discrimination (L-opsin). Altogether, the assembly and the annotation of these 3 new reference genomes open new research avenues into the genomic architecture of speciation and reinforcement in sympatry, establishing Morpho butterflies as a new eco-evolutionary model.
Civil society priorities for global health: concepts and measurement
Authors: Smith Stephanie L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The global health agenda—a high stakes process in which problems are defined and compete for the kind of serious attention that promises to help alleviate inequities in the burden of disease—is comprised of priorities set within and among a host of interacting stakeholder arenas. This study informs crucial and unanswered conceptual and measurement questions with respect to civil society priorities in global health. The exploratory two-stage inquiry probes insights from experts based in four world regions and pilots a new measurement approach, analysing nearly 20 000 Tweets straddling the COVID-19 pandemic onset from a set of civil society organizations (CSOs) engaged in global health. Expert informants discerned civil society priorities principally on the basis of observed trends in CSO and social movement action, including advocacy, programme, and monitoring and accountability activities—all of which are widely documented by CSOs active on Twitter. Systematic analysis of a subset of CSO Tweets shows how their attention to COVID-19 soared amidst mostly small shifts in attention to a wide range of other issues between 2019 and 2020, reflecting the impacts of a focusing event and other dynamics. The approach holds promise for advancing measurement of emergent, sustained and evolving civil society priorities in global health.
FOXG1 targets BMP repressors and cell cycle inhibitors in human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Hettige Nuwan C , Fleming Peter , Semenak Amelia , Zhang Xin , Peng Huashan , Hagel Marc-Daniel , Théroux Jean-François , Zhang Ying , Ni Anjie , Jefri Malvin , Antonyan Lilit , Alsuwaidi Shaima , Schuppert Andreas , Stumpf Patrick S , Ernst Carl 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
FOXG1 is a critical transcription factor in human brain where loss-of-function mutations cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, while increased FOXG1 expression is frequently observed in glioblastoma. FOXG1 is an inhibitor of cell patterning and an activator of cell proliferation in chordate model organisms but different mechanisms have been proposed as to how this occurs. To identify genomic targets of FOXG1 in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs), we engineered a cleavable reporter construct in endogenous FOXG1 and performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing. We also performed deep RNA sequencing of NPCs from two females with loss-of-function mutations in FOXG1 and their healthy biological mothers. Integrative analyses of RNA and ChIP sequencing data showed that cell cycle regulation and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) repression gene ontology categories were over-represented as FOXG1 targets. Using engineered brain cell lines, we show that FOXG1 specifically activates SMAD7 and represses CDKN1B. Activation of SMAD7 which inhibits BMP signaling may be one way that FOXG1 patterns the forebrain, while repression of cell cycle regulators such as CDKN1B may be one way that FOXG1 expands the NPC pool to ensure proper brain size. Our data reveal novel mechanisms on how FOXG1 may control forebrain patterning and cell proliferation in human brain development.
When to Go? A Conjoint Experiment on Social Networks, Violence, and Forced Migration Decisions in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Turkoglu Oguzhan , Weber Sigrid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How do heterogeneous patterns of violence affect people's decision to flee? We provide individual-level evidence on flight decision-making in light of violence with a conjoint experiment in Turkey. The results suggest that intense indiscriminate violence nearby forces individuals into the decision to leave. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the fear of repeated violence plays a more important role in flight decision-making than the attack frequency. The survey experiment reveals that violence committed by the government makes a decision to flee abroad more likely than rebel violence. We find that individuals with support networks abroad are less responsive to patterns of violence, making flight decisions more independently and being generally more inclined to move. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on forced migration with individual-level evidence on the decision-making process underlying flight reactions to violence.