bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of bandgaps opening in chiral phononic crystals by analogy with Thomson scattering
Authors: Ding Wei , Chen Tianning , Chen Chen , Chronopoulos Dimitrios , Assouar Badreddine , Wen Yongzheng , Zhu Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chiral phononic crystals (PnCs) provide unique properties not offered by conventional metamaterial based on classic Bragg scattering and local resonance. However, it is insufficient to only consider the inertial amplification effect to describe its bandgap mechanism due to the absence of the bandgap caused by the chirality in some specific chiral structures. Here, we theoretically and experimentally introduce an analogy with Thomson scattering in electromagnetic waves to characterize the bandgap phenomena in chiral PnCs with translation–rotation coupling. Another phononic structures with translation–translation coupling are proposed to illustrate the universality of the analogy. We evidence that the coupling motion in chiral unit cells is similar to the result of Thomson scattering, which quantitatively formulizing as inertial amplification in theory and, twice elastic Thomson scattering allows the waves in the same polarization mode to superpose in antiphase, which is essence of the bandgap formation. This finding sheds a new light on the physics of the elastodynamic wave manipulation in chiral PnCs, thus opening a definite route for the pragmatic exploitation of chiral PnCs as well as other structures with motion coupling in achieving low-frequency and broad bandgaps.
Ice rule breakdown and frustrated antiferrotoroidicity in an artificial colloidal Cairo ice
Authors: Rodríguez-Gallo Carolina , Ortiz-Ambriz Antonio , Nisoli Cristiano , Tierno Pietro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We combine experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the low energy states and the emergence of topological defects in an artificial colloidal ice in the Cairo geometry. This type of geometry is characterized by a mixed coordination (z), with coexistence of both z = 3 and z = 4 vertices. We realize this particle ice by confining field tunable paramagnetic colloidal particles within a lattice of topographic double wells at a one to one filling using optical tweezers. By raising the interaction strength via an applied magnetic field, we find that the ice rule breaks down, and positive monopoles with charge

q
=
+
2

accumulate in the z = 4 vertices and are screened by negative ones (

q
=
−
1

) in the z = 3. The resulting, strongly coupled state remains disordered. Further, via analysis of the mean chirality associated to each pentagonal plaquette, we find that the disordered ensemble for this geometry is massively degenerate and it corresponds to a frustrated antiferrotoroid.
Federated quanvolutional neural network: a new paradigm for collaborative quantum learning
Authors: Bhatia Amandeep Singh , Kais Sabre , Alam Muhammad Ashraful 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the concept of federated machine learning has been actively driven by scientists to ease the privacy concerns of data owners. Currently, the combination of machine learning and quantum computing technologies is a hot industry topic and is positioned to be a major disruptor. It has become an effective new tool for reshaping several industries ranging from healthcare to finance. Data sharing poses a significant hurdle for large-scale machine learning in numerous industries. It is a natural goal to study the advanced quantum computing ecosystem, which will be comprised of heterogeneous federated resources. In this work, the problem of data governance and privacy is handled by developing a quantum federated learning approach, that can be efficiently executed on quantum hardware in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. We present the federated hybrid quantum–classical algorithm called a quanvolutional neural network with distributed training on different sites without exchanging data. The hybrid algorithm requires small quantum circuits to produce meaningful features for image classification tasks, which makes it ideal for near-term quantum computing. The primary goal of this work is to evaluate the potential benefits of hybrid quantum–classical and classical-quantum convolutional neural networks on non-independently and non-identically partitioned (Non-IID) and real-world data partitioned datasets among several healthcare institutions/clients. We investigated the performance of a collaborative quanvolutional neural network on two medical machine learning datasets, COVID-19 and MedNIST. Extensive experiments are carried out to validate the robustness and feasibility of the proposed quantum federated learning framework. Our findings demonstrate a decrease of 2%–39% times in necessary communication rounds compared to the federated stochastic gradient descent approach. The hybrid federated framework maintained a high classification testing accuracy and generalizability, even in scenarios where the medical data is unevenly distributed among clients.
Performance and degradation analysis for different solar photovoltaic technologies under hot and humid environment: a review
Authors: Makhija Amandeep Singh , Bohra Shabbir S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems installed on water bodies, i.e. floating solar PV (FSPV) and canal top solar PV (CTSPV), have gained significant propulsion in recent years, not only because of their enormous potential but also because of other additional co-benefits. This review article discusses the scope and potential of FSPV and CTSPV, an ambitious plan, and various upcoming FSPV projects in India. The review focuses on different degradation modes, failure mechanisms, characterization techniques and distinct factors influencing the degradation of SPVs operating in tropical climates. It was explored that potential induced degradation and materialistic degradation have a significant impact on the performance of SPV. The paper provides an overview of the test procedures outlined in IEC-61215 and IEC-62804 that pertain to SPV performance under hot and humid conditions. Additionally, it presents a comprehensive review of the various methodologies adopted for accelerated damp heat testing to predict the life of PV systems in such conditions, and their significant quantitative and visual outcomes is elucidated. Also, till date, no simulation tool has been available to assess the long-term performance of SPV in a humid environment. As this energy generation technique is still in its infancy, this study will help many researchers and solar power developers recognize the impact of elevated and prolonged exposure to temperature and humidity on generation, degradation, and mode of failure for different SPV technologies.
Evaluating the elastic behaviour of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) reinforced phenolic nanocomposites
Authors: Sinha Sumit Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Goel Saurav , Patnaik Amar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The present analysis concerns investigation of the elastic behavior of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT)-reinforced phenolic nanocomposite using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the investigation, an armchair BNNT with chiral vectors (10, 10) was used as reinforcement and novolac-type phenolic chains and formaldehyde mixture was used as a matrix. The crosslinking of phenolic chains and formaldehyde mixture was achieved to obtain the three-dimensional crosslinked structure reinforced with BNNT. In addition to the tensile elastic modulus, the glass transition temperature was evaluated for the bulk phenolic resin and the nanocomposite using the density-temperature relationship. Based on the results, it was concluded that 6.8% (volume fraction) of BNNT can enhance the elastic modulus of the composite by ∼15 times. Poisson’s ratio was found to be independent of the mixing ratio. It was also observed that reinforcement with BNNT can enhance the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite. Continuum-based rule of mixture showed a good correlation with the MD predictions.
Grounding the Moral Force of Socially Constructed Norms
Authors: Valentini Laura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter asks whether we can ever be morally obligated to perform a given action because the action is mandated by socially constructed norms. Answering this question requires identifying a plausible moral principle P lending moral significance to the fact that certain actions are norm-mandated. After casting doubt on the “deflationary view”—which denies that such a principle exists—the chapter considers four candidate principles, each corresponding to a distinctive view of the moral normativity of socially constructed norms. These are: the “established practices view”, the “conventionalist view”, the “normative-interests view”, and the “joint commitments view”. The chapter discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each view and concludes that none of them is fully satisfactory.
Incontinence during and following hospitalisation: a prospective study of prevalence, incidence and association with clinical outcomes
Authors: Campbell Jill , Hubbard Ruth , Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Green Theresa , Coyer Fiona , Mudge Alison 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Incontinence is common in hospitalised older adults but few studies report new incidence during or following hospitalisation.

Objective
To describe prevalence and incidence of incontinence in older inpatients and associations with clinical outcomes.

Design
Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive consenting inpatients age 65 years and older on medical and surgical wards in four Australian public hospitals.

Methods
Participants self-reported urinary and faecal incontinence 2 weeks prior to admission, at hospital discharge and 30 days after discharge as part of comprehensive assessment by a trained research assistant. Outcomes were length of stay, facility discharge, 30-day readmission and 6-month mortality.

Results
Analysis included 970 participants (mean age 76.7 years, 48.9% female). Urinary and/or faecal incontinence was self-reported in 310/970 (32.0%, [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.0–35.0]) participants 2 weeks before admission, 201/834 (24.1% [95% CI 21.2–27.2]) at discharge and 193/776 (24.9% [95% CI 21.9–28.1]) 30 days after discharge. Continence patterns were dynamic within the peri-hospital period. Of participants without pre-hospital incontinence, 74/567 (13.1% [95% CI 10.4–16.1) reported incontinence at discharge and 85/537 (15.8% [95% CI 12.8–19.2]) reported incontinence at 30 days follow-up. Median hospital stay was longer in participants with pre-hospital incontinence (7 vs. 6 days, P = 0.02) even in adjusted analyses and pre-hospital incontinence was significantly associated with mortality in unadjusted but not adjusted analyses.

Conclusion
Pre-hospital, hospital-acquired and new post-hospital incontinence are common in older inpatients. Better understanding of incontinence patterns may help target interventions to reduce this complication.
Exposure–response relation for vibration-induced white finger: effect of different methods for predicting prevalence
Authors: Scholz Magdalena F , Brammer Anthony J , Marburg Steffen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A pooled analysis of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) in population groups of workers has been performed using the results of a published meta-analysis as source material (Nilsson T, Wahlström J, Burström L. Hand-arm vibration and the risk of vascular and neurological diseases a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017:12(7):e0180795. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180795). The methods of data selection follow those described previously by Scholz et al. (in Scholz MF, Brammer AJ, Marburg S. Exposure-response relation for vibration-induced white finger: inferences from a published meta-analysis of population groups. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2023a:96(5):757–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-023-01965-w) to enable comparison with the results of the present work. The analyzed epidemiologic studies contain different prevalences of VWF observed after different durations of employment involving exposure to the vibration of power tools and machines. These prevalences are transformed to 10% prevalence by either linear or polynomial (i.e. “S”-shaped curvilinear) interpolation in order to compare with the exposure–response relation contained in the relevant international standard (ISO 5349-1:2001). An exposure–response relation is constructed using regression analysis for the time (in years) to reach 10% prevalence in a population group, when subjected to a daily vibration exposure calculated according to the procedures specified in the standard, A(8). Good fits to the data are obtained when polynomial and linear prevalence interpolation is used. The 95-percentile confidence intervals (CIs) of the exposure–response relation predicted by polynomial prevalence interpolation lie at somewhat larger lifetime exposures than those obtained by linear prevalence interpolation. Uncertainty in the precision of polynomial prevalence interpolation is mitigated by giving equal weight to linear interpolation when interpreting the results. When the 95-percentile CIs of the exposure–response models obtained by linear and polynomial prevalence interpolation are used to define the most probable exposure–response relation, the resulting common range of values includes the ISO exposure–response relation. It is proposed that an exposure–response relation for the onset of VWF derived from a regression analysis is specified in terms of the lower limit of its CI. Hence, when exposure measures are constructed according to the ISO standard and equal weight is given to the results of the 2 methods for interpolating prevalence described here, the ISO exposure–response relation would be considered to provide a conservative estimate for a 10% prevalence of VWF to develop in a population group, at least for A(8) &gt; 4 m/s2. It thus remains the relation to use for assessing exposure to hand-transmitted vibration in the workplace. Additional research is needed to resolve inconsistencies in the ISO method for calculating daily exposures.
Preferred Nasolabial Angle in Rhinoplasty: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Alshawaf Solaiman M , McGuire Connor , ElAbd Rawan , Fakih-Gomez Nabil , Williams Jason , AlYouha Sarah , Samargandi Osama A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The perception of an ideal nose is influenced by a variety of factors, with demographic characteristics playing a significant role in what is considered an ideal nose. The nasolabial angle (NLA) is considered one of the defining features shaping the nose.

Objectives
In this study we set out to capture the perception of the ideal nasolabial angle among Canadian, Saudi, Kuwaiti, and Lebanese populations.

Methods
An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the ideal nasolabial angle among Canadian, Saudi, Kuwaiti, and Lebanese populations (n = 197). Participants were patients attending outpatient clinics, plastic surgery residents, and medical students. The questionnaire included demographics and the perception of respondents of the ideal NLA for each gender: male (85°, 90°, 95°, 100°, 110°) and females (95°, 100°, 110°, 115°).

Results
The majority of respondents were female (81.2%), ages between 20 and 39 (84.3%). The mean and standard deviation of ideal NLA choices in both male and female models were 97.1 ± 6.39 and 109.5 ± 5.32, respectively. The ideal male NLA choices were found to correlate significantly with age (P = .044) and work status (P = .019). In choosing the ideal female NLA, age was a significant factor (P = .012).

Conclusions
Identifying the ideal NLA is essential to establishing aesthetic goals for patient and surgeon alike. It is important to understand the effects of demographics on the choice of the ideal NLA, which ultimately influences the planning and outcome of the rhinoplasty procedure.

Level of Evidence: 5
The Brazilian Butt Lift Remains the Deadliest Aesthetic Surgery Procedure: Are Plastic Surgeons Adjusting Their Surgical Practice to Promote Safety?
Authors: Finkelstein Emily R , Wo Luccie , Garcia Onelio , Kassira Wrood 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The number of Brazilian butt lift (BBL) fatalities remains high in the United States despite numerous practice advisories geared towards patient safety and reducing the incidence of fatal pulmonary fat emboli.

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate US board-certified plastic surgeons’ opinions, understanding of BBL-related mortality, and current risk-reducing surgical practices for BBL procedures.

Methods
An online 18-question survey was distributed via email by the Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation to national board-certified plastic surgeon members of the The Aesthetic Society. Survey responses were collected over 21 days on the Qualtrics platform.

Results
The survey response rate was 10% (n = 178). Of the 77% who performed BBL procedures, 48% (n = 80) did not use ultrasound. Approximately 60% (n = 102) of all respondents disagreed with imposing regulations to require ultrasound, with the most frequent reason being that it was unnecessary with adequate surgeon experience (45%). Plastic surgeons thought that high-volume budget clinics (n = 64) and a lack of regulations imposed on individual surgeons by boards of medicine (n = 31) were the greatest contributors to BBL mortality.

Conclusions
Most US plastic surgeons did not use ultrasound for BBL procedures and did not agree that ultrasound should be required, which may partially be the result of unsuccessful educational outreach for risk-reducing practices and training for ultrasound. Regulations by the boards of medicine imposed on individual surgeons, in combination with new legislation targeted at ownership of high-volume clinics, are strongly backed by surgeon respondents as measures that may improve patient safety.

Level of Evidence: 5
Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Breast Reconstruction With the Transverse Myocutaneous Gracilis Flap Using the BREAST-Q and Lower Extremity Function Scale
Authors: Mahrhofer Maximilian , Schwaiger Karl , Fierdel Frederic , Russe Elisabeth , Hitzl Wolfgang , Schoeller Thomas , Wechselberger Gottfried , Weitgasser Laurenz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap is a viable and safe option for breast reconstruction in patients with limited abdominal tissue or other contraindications for abdominal-based flaps. Although it is one of the most common flaps employed for breast reconstruction, data on patient-reported outcomes is limited.

Objectives
The authors seek to evaluate patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome after breast reconstruction with the TMG flap.

Methods
All patients who underwent breast reconstruction with a TMG flap between March 2010 and October 2020 were identified. Invitation to a digital version of the BREAST-Q reconstructive module and the Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS) was sent to 105 patients. Patient demographics, complications, and surgical details were collected and retrospectively analyzed. BREAST-Q and LEFS scores were calculated and compared to the literature.

Results
Eighty-two patients participated in the study. Median follow-up was 5.9 years, with a mean patient age of 45.7 years. Most patients (90.2%) received treatment due to previous cancer of the breast, and 17.1% underwent immediate reconstruction. The mean score for “Satisfaction with Breast” was 66/100. Postoperative lower extremity function was high, with a median LEFS score of 78/80. A LEFS score below the median value was found to be significantly associated with active smoking (P = .049). Patients also reported high satisfaction with donor sites (8/11).

Conclusions
Patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome after breast reconstruction with TMG flaps is high and comparable to other common techniques. Lower extremity function is not impaired after flap harvest.

Level of Evidence: 3
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in a Facial Reconstruction Case Series Following the Implementation of an Integrated Craniofacial Multidisciplinary Team Clinic, Three-Dimensional Photography, and Computer Modeling
Authors: Singh Prateush , Chan Kayen , Dhar Shivani , Ashby Imogen , Krumhuber Eva , Mosahebi Afshin , Ponniah Allan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Facial reconstruction surgery is often a complex and staged process, leading to lengthy reconstructive journeys for patients. The integration of a clinical pathway can give patients a clearer understanding of what to expect at each stage of their reconstructive journey.

Objectives
The authors demonstrate how the incorporation of multidisciplinary team clinics, three-dimensional (3D) photography, and 3D modeling into an integrated pathway can streamline the process for patients undergoing facial reconstructive surgeries and aid their understanding of their surgeries.

Methods
A novel clinical pathway was developed for patients undergoing facial reconstructive surgery at a tertiary reconstructive unit in London. A case series was collated of 35 patients who had been through the integrated pathway. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed using FACE-Q scales, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, Self-Perception of Age score, and Ordinal Rank change in facial aesthetic appearance, determined subjectively and objectively. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate mean averages for each scale and PROM.

Results
High patient satisfaction with overall facial appearance, aging appearance, and the decision-making process was demonstrated. The average perceived improvement in age-related facial appearance was −7.7 years postreconstruction compared with prereconstruction. The Ordinal Rank improvement on facial aesthetic appearance showed considerable improvement, both subjectively and objectively.

Conclusions
The authors advocate the implementation of an integrated clinical pathway for facial reconstruction, with positive impacts observed in terms of patient satisfaction and objective assessments of facial appearance. Similar principles can be extrapolated to other aspects of reconstructive surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3