bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse problems for discontinuous Dirac operator with eigenparameter dependent boundary and transmission conditions
Authors: Güldü Yalçın , Arslantaş Merve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we consider the discontinuous Dirac equations system with eigenparameter dependent boundary and finite number of transmission conditions. First, the space that corresponds to problem is introduced, the norm on this space is defined and the operator model that corresponds to the given problem is constructed on this space. Then the integral equations and asymptotics of eigenfunctions of the problem are obtained. The characteristic function is defined and the asymptotic formula of the characteristic function is given by using obtained asymptotics of eigenfunctions. After the Weyl solution and the Weyl function of the problem are formed. Finally, some uniqueness theorems are proved by using Weyl function and some spectral data.
Highly rigid and functional poly(benzimidazole sulfone)s from 5,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐one monomer
Authors: Xu Wei , Su Yumiao , Ding Yulin , Li Chenjie , Li Wenmu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of poly(benzimidazole sulfone)s (PBSs) and poly(benzimidazole ketone)s (PBKs) containing 5,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐one (MBIO) have been synthesized by C–N/C–O coupling with different percentages of three other diphenol monomers under similar conditions. The structure of PBS‐MBs and PBK‐MBs was confirmed using 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and X‐ray diffraction data revealed that all the polymers are in an amorphous state. Due to the introduction of methoxy, the polymers were more soluble in common aprotic polar solvents. The intrinsic viscosity of the synthesized polymers was measured with an Ubbelohde viscometer, ranging from 0.38 to 1.35 dL g−1. The MBIO‐based polymers have a remarkably good thermal stability with a high glass transition temperature of up to 305.1 °C. Furthermore, the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission from homopolymers is around 414 nm with emission of blue light in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution (1 mg L−1) and around 530 nm in films. They also showed low dielectric constants (κ = 2.60–3.10 at 1 MHz) and low water absorption (0.22–0.58%). It was encouraging to discover that these polymers have potential utility for the microelectronics industry, in which good solubility facilitates processing and molding, excellent thermal stability allows devices to be used under harsh conditions, low water absorption prevents device expansion and shrinkage and low dielectric constant is desired to prevent crosstalk between conducting paths. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Uncovering common pathobiological processes between COVID‐19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension by integrating Omics data
Authors: Wang Rui‐Sheng , Loscalzo Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which led to the current pandemic. Many factors, including age and comorbidities, influence the severity and mortality of COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can cause pulmonary vascular dysfunction. The COVID‐19 case‐fatality rate in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is higher in comparison with the general population. In this study, we aimed to identify pathobiological processes common to COVID‐19 and PAH by utilizing the human protein–protein interactome and whole‐genome transcription data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and from lung tissue. We found that there are significantly more interactions between SARS‐CoV‐2 targets and PAH disease proteins than expected by chance, suggesting that the PAH disease module is in the neighborhood of SARS‐CoV‐2 targets in the human interactome. In addition, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced changes in gene expression significantly overlap with PAH‐induced gene expression changes in both tissues, indicating SARS‐CoV‐2 and PAH may share common transcriptional regulators. We identified many upregulated genes and downregulated genes common to COVID‐19 and PAH. Interestingly, we observed different co‐regulation patterns and dysfunctional signaling pathways in PBMCs versus lung tissue. Endophenotype enrichment analysis revealed that genes regulating fibrosis, inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, immune response, and thromboembolism are significantly enriched in the COVID‐19‐PAH co‐expression modules. We examined the network proximity of the targets of repositioned drugs for COVID‐19 to the co‐expression modules in PBMCs and lung tissue, and identified 42 drugs that can be potentially used for COVID‐19 patients with PAH as a comorbidity. The uncovered common pathobiological pathways are crucial for discovering therapeutic targets and designing tailored treatments for COVID‐19 patients who also have PAH.
Alkaline Extracted Purified Polysaccharide from Hulless Barley Grass and Its Proliferation Inhibitory Effect Against Cancer Cells
Authors: Xu Yijuan , Hua Weifeng , Xu Haoran , Corke Harold , Huang Wuyang , Sui Zhongquan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHulless barley (HB) grass is a potential resource of functional food. In this study, the proliferation inhibitory effect against cancer cells of an alkaline extracted polysaccharide (APP) from HB grass (HBG) is analyzed. The yield of crude alkaline extracted polysaccharide (APC) reaches 15.1%. After purification, the purity and polydispersity index (PDI) of the APP are 98.3% and 1.38, respectively. The molecular weight of APP is 5.1 × 105 Da, whereas the number‐average molecular weight of APP is 3.7 × 105 Da. APP is composed of arabinose (37.8%), xylose (41.3%), glucose (4.6%), and galactose (16.3%). According to the infrared spectral analysis, APP is found to contain β‐glycosidic bonds. Moreover, APP possesses significant cell proliferation inhibitory effects against various cancer cell lines, such as 4T1, HT29, Caco‐2, and CT26.WT in a dose‐dependent manner. Notably, the IC50 value of 4T1 reaches 7.56 mg mL−1, which indicates that APP from HBG has a potential anti‐cancer effect in vitro. It may be further investigated as an ingredient or nutraceutical for development and utilization in functional foods to prevent or treat cancer and related diseases.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural for sustainable 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid production—From mechanism to catalysts design
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Li Wei , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Lin , Chen Zhikai , Zhang Lan , Zhang Yagang , Yun Sining 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatalytic conversion of biomass‐based platform chemicals is one of the significant approaches to utilize renewable biomass resources. 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), obtained by an electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), has attracted extensive attention due to the potential of replacing terephthalic acid to synthesize high‐performance polymeric materials for commercialization. In the present work, the pH‐dependent reaction pathways and factors influencing the degree of functional group oxidation are first discussed. Then the reaction mechanism of HMF oxidation is further elucidated using the representative examples. In addition, the emerging catalyst design strategies (defects, interface engineering) used in HMF oxidation are generalized, and structure–activity relationships between the abovementioned strategies and catalysts performance are analyzed. Furthermore, cathode pairing reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen reduction reaction, and thermodynamically favorable organic reactions to lower the cell voltage of the electrolysis system, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the electrochemical oxidation of HMF for FDCA are presented, focusing on deeply investigated reaction mechanism, coupling reaction, reactor design, and downstream product separation/purification.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation Approaches to Isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐ones
Authors: Tang Xiao , Ding Songtao , Song Liangliang , Van der Eycken. Erik V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐one scaffold is widely present in lots of bioactive natural products. Diverse types of strategies have been developed to construct this scaffold. Recently, transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulation is emerging as a powerful and straightforward method to construct diverse polyheterocycles with high atom‐ and step‐economy. It also has been employed for the synthesis of the isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐one scaffold. This review provides an introduction to recent advances for the preparation of isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐ones by using transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulation. It will help researchers to find hidden opportunities and accelerate the discovery of novel transformations based on C−H activation/annulation.
Understanding Literacies in Latinx Families: Teachers Using Home Visits to Reimagine Classroom Practices
Authors: Paulick Judy , Kibler Amanda K. , Palacios Natalia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChildren from Latinx families bring rich and varied literacy practices and cultural models to their classrooms. When teachers are able to recognize these assets, they have opportunities to make their teaching more responsive and engaging. One way to learn about these assets is through relationship‐building, assets‐framed home visits. In this article, we remind teachers of the exciting breadth of family literacy practices, particularly with regard to Latinx families and children. We provide guidance for home visits that center and honor families, build relationships, and inform teachers. We conclude with suggestions for translating what teachers learn into richer literacy instruction.
A Curvature Inequality Characterizing Totally Geodesic Null Hypersurfaces
Authors: Olea Benjamín 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA well-known application of the Raychaudhuri equation shows that, under geodesic completeness, totally geodesic null hypersurfaces are unique which satisfy that the Ricci curvature is nonnegative in the null direction. The proof of this fact is based on a direct analysis of a differential inequality. In this paper, we show, without assuming the geodesic completeness, that an inequality involving the squared null mean curvature and the Ricci curvature in a compact three-dimensional null hypersurface also implies that it is totally geodesic. The proof is completely different from the above, since Riemannanian tools are used in the null hypersurface thanks to the rigging technique.
Aspiration von Aktivkohle: Organbefunde nach Fehllage einer Magensonde mit 18-tägiger Überlebenszeit
Authors: Bohnert S. , Kircher S. , Markus C. , Bohnert M. , Preiß U. 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungLaut Statistischem Bundesamt wurden 2016 in Deutschland 178.425 Vergiftungsfälle im Krankenhaus behandelt. Zu den klinischen Sofortmaßnahmen gehören Verfahren zur Verhinderung weiterer Giftresorption. Die Anwendung von Aktivkohle wird dabei als Dekontaminationsverfahren der ersten Wahl nach peroralen Vergiftungen angesehen. Ein 14 Jahre alt gewordenes Mädchen habe in fraglich suizidaler Absicht mehrere Tabletten Amitriptylin eingenommen. Im erstbehandelnden Krankenhaus sei ihr eine unbekannte Menge an Aktivkohle über eine Magensonde verabreicht worden. Aufgrund der Fehllage der Magensonde wurde die Aktivkohle jedoch endotracheal appliziert. Danach erfolgte die Verlegung an ein Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung. Trotz intensivmedizinischer Therapie sei das Mädchen nach 18 Tagen an einem akutem Lungenversagen nach massiver Aspiration von Aktivkohle verstorben. Bei der gerichtlichen Obduktion und der anschließenden mikroskopischen Untersuchung fielen sowohl eine heterogene Verteilung der intraalveolär gelegenen, variabel dichten Ansammlungen der Aktivkohle in allen Lungenlappen als auch mehrzeitige, akute sowie chronische entzündliche Veränderungen im Lungenparenchym auf. Darüber hinaus konnte Aktivkohle innerhalb der Lebersinusoide sowie in den Tubuli des Nierenparenchyms nachgewiesen werden.
Effect of multifunctional irrigation on grape quality: a case study in Northern Italy
Authors: Davide Bianchi , Martino Bolognini , Lucio Brancadoro , Sara Cazzaniga , Daniele Ferrari , Daniele Masseroni , Davide Modina , Bianca Ortuani , Carola Pozzoli , Claudio Gandolfi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, worldwide wine-growing regions have been affected by increasingly more frequent effects of climate change, such as long period of droughts during the growing season, summer heat waves, and late spring frost events, thus causing concern for the grape quality and production. In this context, it is necessary to develop innovative agronomic practices to counter the various negative effects from those extreme weather events, by equipping the vineyards with effective and reliable multifunctional systems, which are also economically sustainable. Particularly, a multifunctional irrigation system can be used to reduce the risk of extreme weather events and, at the same time, to improve quality and quantity of grape production, reducing their inter-annual variability as well, by providing an optimized plant water nutrition. In a vineyard situated south of Lake Garda (Northern Italy), a multifunctional irrigation system equipped with drippers and mini-sprinklers (the latter to protect from both late spring frost and summer high-temperature event) was assessed. The results obtained for the growing season 2020–21 showed that the optimized drip irrigation reduced water consumption without affecting the grape yield, both in quantity and quality. The frost protection operated by mini-sprinklers increased the air temperature at bud’s level of about 1 °C, suggesting a positive effect on plant production. Finally, in 2020, must quality was positively affected by summer sprinkler irrigation, increasing the levels of malic acid and titratable acidity of over 0.7 g L−1 while lowered total soluble solids. Further activities in the 2022 season intend to better assess the water use efficiency of this promising multifunctional system.
Exposure of anti-infective drugs and the dynamic changes of the gut microbiota during gastrointestinal mucositis in autologous stem cell transplant patients: a pilot study
Authors: Märtson Anne-Grete , da Silva Ferreira Ana Rita , Veringa Anette , Liu Lei , Wardill Hannah R. , Junier Lenneke A. T. , van der Werf Tjip S. , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Sturkenboom Marieke G. G. , Span Lambert F. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis could potentially compromise drug absorption due to functional loss of mucosa and other pathophysiological changes in the gastrointestinal microenvironment. Little is known about this effect on commonly used anti-infectives. This study aimed to explore the association between different stages of gastrointestinal mucositis, drug exposure, and gut microbiota. A prospective, observational pilot study was performed in HSCT patients aged ≥ 18 years receiving anti-infectives orally. Left-over blood samples and fecal swabs were collected from routine clinical care until 14 days after HSCT to analyze drug and citrulline concentrations and to determine the composition of the gut microbiota. 21 patients with a median age of 58 (interquartile range 54–64) years were included with 252 citrulline, 155 ciprofloxacin, 139 fluconazole, and 76 acyclovir concentrations and 48 fecal swabs obtained. Severe gastrointestinal mucositis was observed in all patients. Due to limited data correlation analysis was not done for valacyclovir and fluconazole, however we did observe a weak correlation between ciprofloxacin and citrulline concentrations. This could suggest that underexposure of ciprofloxacin can occur during severe mucositis. A follow-up study using frequent sampling rather than the use of left-over would be required to investigate the relationship between gastrointestinal mucositis, drug exposure, and gut microbiome.
The Tol-Pal system of Acinetobacter baumannii is important for cell morphology, antibiotic resistance and virulence
Authors: Hubloher Josephine Joy , Van der Sande Lisa , Schaudinn Christoph , Müller Volker , Averhoff Beate 
Published: January 2023

Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic human pathogen that has become a global threat to healthcare institutions. This Gram-negative bacterium is one of the most successful human pathogens worldwide and responsible for hospital-acquired infections. This is due to its outstanding potential to adapt to very different environments, to persist in the human host and most important, its ability to develop multidrug resistance. Our combined approach of genomic and phenotypic analyses led to the identification of the envelope spanning Tol-Pal system in A. baumannii. We found that the deletion of the tolQ, tolR, tolA, tolB, and pal genes affects cell morphology and increases antibiotic sensitivity, such as the ∆tol-pal mutant exhibits a significantly increased gentamicin and bacitracin sensitivity. Furthermore, Galleria mellonella caterpillar killing assays revealed that the ∆tol-pal mutant exhibits a decreased killing phenotype. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Tol-Pal system is important for cell morphology, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of A. baumannii.
An ensemble-based framework for user behaviour anomaly detection and classification for cybersecurity
Authors: Folino Gianluigi , Otranto Godano Carla , Pisani Francesco Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNowadays, the speed of the user and application logs is so quick that it is almost impossible to analyse them in real time without using high-performance systems and platforms. In cybersecurity, human behaviour is responsible directly or indirectly for the most common attacks (i.e. ransomware and phishing). To monitor user behaviour, it is necessary to process fast user logs coming from different and heterogeneous sources, having part of the data or some entire sources missing. A framework based on the elastic stack (ELK) to process and store log data in real time from different users and applications is proposed for this aim. This system generates an ensemble of models to classify user behaviour and detect anomalies in real time, exploiting the advantages of the ELK-based software architecture and of the Kubernetes platform. In addition, a distributed evolutionary algorithm is used to classify the users by exploiting their digital footprints derived from many data sources. Experiments conducted on two real-life data sets verify the approach’s goodness in detecting anomalies in user behaviour, coping with missing data and lowering the number of false alarms.
Baseline and usual cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of chronic kidney disease: A prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Isiozor Nzechukwu M. , Myers Jonathan , Seidu Samuel , Khunti Kamlesh , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health burden but is largely preventable. Few studies have reported an association between high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and decreased risk of CKD. However, some relevant aspects of the association, such as the dose-response relationship and the long-term relevance of CRF levels to CKD, have yet to be addressed. We, therefore, aimed to quantify the nature and magnitude of the association between CRF and CKD in a cohort of 2099 men aged 42-61 years with normal kidney function at baseline. CRF was directly measured using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) were estimated for the incidence of CKD. Correction for within-person variability was made using data from repeat measurements of CRF taken 11 years after baseline. A total of 197 CKD events were recorded during a median follow-up of 25.8 years. The age-adjusted regression dilution ratio for CRF was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53-0.65). The risk of CKD decreased in a graded fashion with increasing CRF. Comparing extreme tertiles of CRF, the HR (95% CI) for CKD was 0.67 (0.46-0.97) following adjustment for several established and emerging risk factors. The corresponding adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.51 (0.27-0.96) following correction for within-person variability. In a meta-analysis of five population-based cohort studies (including the current study) comprising 32,447 participants and 4,043 CKD cases, the fully-adjusted risk ratios (95% CIs) for CKD comparing extreme tertiles of baseline and long-term CRF values were 0.58 (0.46-0.73) and 0.40 (0.27-0.59), respectively. Findings from a new prospective study and pooled analysis of previous studies plus the new study indicate that high CRF levels are strongly and independently associated with a reduced risk of CKD and consistent with a linear dose-response relationship. Using single baseline measurements of CRF to investigate the association between CRF and CKD risk could considerably underestimate the true association.
Increased cellular senescence in doxorubicin-induced murine ovarian injury: effect of senolytics
Authors: Gao Yueyue , Wu Tong , Tang Xianan , Wen Jingyi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Shixuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOvarian injury caused by chemotherapy can lead to early menopause, infertility, and even premature senility in female cancer patients, impairing the quality of life and overall health of the cancer survivors seriously. However, there is still a lack of effective protection strategies against such injury. Cellular senescence can be induced by chemotherapeutic agents in multiple organs and may corrode the structure and function of normal tissues. We hypothesized that the widely used first-line chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, could increase senescent cell burden in normal ovarian tissue during the therapeutic process and that elimination of senescent cells with senolytics would ameliorate doxorubicin-induced ovarian injury. Here, we demonstrated an accumulation of cellular senescence in doxorubicin-treated ovaries through detecting p16 and p21 expression levels and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity as well as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Short-term intervention with the classic senolytic combination dasatinib and quercetin (DQ) or fisetin significantly reduced the load of senescent cells in ovaries after doxorubicin treatment. However, neither DQ nor fisetin alleviated doxorubicin-related ovarian dysfunction. Further experiments showed that ovarian apoptosis and fibrosis following doxorubicin exposure could not be improved by senolytics. Collectively, our study shows that senolytic treatment can eliminate accumulated senescent cells, but cannot reverse the massive follicle loss and ovarian stromal fibrosis caused by doxorubicin, suggesting that cellular senescence may not be one of the key mechanisms in doxorubicin-induced ovarian injury.