bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial PncA improves diet-induced NAFLD in mice by enabling the transition from nicotinamide to nicotinic acid
Authors: Feng Shengyu , Guo Liuling , Wang Hao , Yang Shanshan , Liu Hailiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is crucial for energy metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, longevity regulation, and several signaling processes. To date, several NAD+ synthesis pathways have been found in microbiota and mammals, but the potential relationship between gut microbiota and their hosts in regulating NAD+ homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that an analog of the first-line tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide, which is converted by nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase (PncA) to its active form, affected NAD+ level in the intestines and liver of mice and disrupted the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Furthermore, by overexpressing modified PncA of Escherichia coli, NAD+ levels in mouse liver were significantly increased, and diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was ameliorated in mice. Overall, the PncA gene in microbiota plays an important role in regulating NAD+ synthesis in the host, thereby providing a potential target for modulating host NAD+ level.
Calcium carbide residue – a promising hidden source of hydrogen
Authors: Lotsman Kristina A. , Rodygin Konstantin S. 
Published: March 2023

Waste after calcium carbide hydrolysis was mixed with calcium and heated to generate H2 or D2 with up to 99% yield, which were used in the hydrogenation. After hydrogen evolution, pure CaO – the initial source in carbide manufacturing – was obtained.
Speeding up sustainable solution-phase peptide synthesis using T3P® as a green coupling reagent: methods and challenges
Authors: Mattellone Alexia , Corbisiero Dario , Ferrazzano Lucia , Cantelmi Paolo , Martelli Giulia , Palladino Chiara , Tolomelli Alessandra , Cabri Walter 
Published: March 2023

A fast and greensolution-phase peptide synthesis (GSolPPS) via continuous protocol, addressed with propylphosphonic anhydride T3P® as coupling reagent and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protecting group easily removed by hydrogenation is herein reported.
A distributed approach to robust minimum variance distortionless response beamforming in large‐scale arrays
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Jingran , Wu Xuehan , Pan Ye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRobust beamforming is a commonly‐used solution to various array processing problems. Recently, with the inevitable and rapid increasing of array size, the complexity issue arising from high‐dimension matrix computations has become an urgent concern in algorithm design. In this paper, an efficient distributed robust beamforming algorithm is developed for large‐scale arrays. Specifically, the problem of robust minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming with sidelobe level control is considered. By fitting the worst‐case reformulation of robust MVDR beamforming into the framework of alternating direction method of multipliers, the problem can be iteratively solved in a distributed manner, with each iteration being computed in closed form. Numerical results demonstrate that this design is more efficient than many related approaches.
KGCN‐LSTM: A graph convolutional network considering knowledge fusion of point of interest for vehicle trajectory prediction
Authors: Chen Juan , Fan Daiqian , Qian Xinran , Mei Lanxiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban vehicle trajectory prediction positively alleviates traffic congestion, avoids traffic accidents, and optimizes the urban transportation system. Since taxi trajectories are influenced by the driving intention, it is significant to consider the Points of Interest (POI) as the spatial features for trajectory prediction. A Knowledge Graph Convolutional Network Long Short‐Term Memory (KGCN‐LSTM) model is proposed here to improve the accuracy and robustness of trajectory prediction. POI information is considered as the prior‐knowledge of the trajectory by the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Under multiple comparison experiments, Shopping POI gains the highest positive effect weight of 15% in holidays, and Hospital POI gains the highest weight of 16% in working days. In holidays, higher accuracy and robustness are achieved compared with benchmarks when performing the KGCN‐LSTM model with POI of shopping, food, life service, scenic spots, and entertainment classes, while the performance is not improved with the rest of the POI classes. In working days, higher accuracy and stronger robustness are achieved compared with benchmarks when performing the KGCN‐LSTM model with POI of hospital, life service, and exercise. While the performance is not improved with the rest of the POI classes.
Markov chain modelling of ordered Rayleigh fading channels in non‐orthogonal multiple access wireless networks
Authors: Chen Yunpei , Zhang Dan , Zhu Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA first‐order finite‐state Markov chain (FSMC) typically models the Rayleigh fading channel in the open literature because the first‐order FSMC is analytically tractable and can derive closed‐form results. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognised as a novel wireless technology that addresses challenges in the next generation of mobile communications. According to the power‐domain NOMA protocol, channels in the NOMA wireless network are sorted by the channel gain. Then considering NOMA, there is insufficient information on how to further form a suitable model for ordered Rayleigh fading channels based on the first‐order FSMC. Given the mathematical statement on how to model the order statistics of multidimensional Markov chains for ordered Rayleigh fading channels, the authors consider these order statistics as a Markov chain, and propose specific processes of representing the state space and constructing the transition probability matrix accordingly. Numerical and simulation results validate the mathematical correctness and accuracy of these novel processes. In addition, for ordered Rayleigh fading channels, the performances of various methods of partitioning the entire signal‐to‐noise ratio range are compared. The performance comparison results are the same as those obtained for the individual unordered Rayleigh fading channel.
Parametric study of the kinematic evolution of coronal mass ejection shock waves and their relation to flaring activity
Authors: Jarry Manon , Rouillard Alexis P. , Plotnikov Illya , Kouloumvakos Athanasios , Warmuth Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Context.Coronal and interplanetary shock waves produced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are major drivers of space-weather phenomena, inducing major changes in the heliospheric radiation environment and directly perturbing the near-Earth environment, including its magnetosphere. A better understanding of how these shock waves evolve from the corona to the interplanetary medium can therefore contribute to improving nowcasting and forecasting of space weather. Early warnings from these shock waves can come from radio measurements as well as coronagraphic observations that can be exploited to characterise the dynamical evolution of these structures.Aims.Our aim is to analyse the geometrical and kinematic properties of 32 CME shock waves derived from multi-point white-light and ultraviolet imagery taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO), and Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) to improve our understanding of how shock waves evolve in 3D during the eruption of a CME. We use our catalogue to search for relations between the shock wave’s kinematic properties and the flaring activity associated with the underlying genesis of the CME piston.Methods.Past studies have shown that shock waves observed from multiple vantage points can be aptly reproduced geometrically by simple ellipsoids. The catalogue of reconstructed shock waves provides the time-dependent evolution of these ellipsoidal parameters. From these parameters, we deduced the lateral and radial expansion speeds of the shocks evolving over time. We compared these kinematic properties with those obtained from a single viewpoint by SoHO in order to evaluate projection effects. Finally, we examined the relationships between the shock wave and the associated flare when the latter was observed on the disc by considering the measurements of soft and hard X-rays.Results.We find that at around 25 solar radii (R⊙), the shape of a shock wave is very spherical, with a ratio between the lateral and radial dimensions (minor radii) remaining at aroundb/a ≈ 1.03 and a radial to lateral speed ratio (VR/VL)≈1.44. The CME starts to slow down a few tens of minutes after the first acceleration and then propagates at a nearly constant speed. We revisit past studies that show a relation between the CME speed and the soft X-ray emission of the flare measured by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and extend them to higher flare intensities and shock speeds. The time lag between the peak of the flare and of the CME speed is up to a few tens of minutes. We find that for several well-observed shock onsets, a clear correlation is visible between the derivative of the soft X-ray flux and the acceleration of the shock wave.
An overview of HMI off-disk flare observations
Authors: Fremstad D. , Guevara Gómez J. C. , Hudson H. , Martínez Oliveros J. C. 
Published: March 2023

Context. White-light continuum observations of solar flares often have coronal counterparts, including the classical ‘white-light prominence’ (WLP) phenomenon.
Aims. Coronal emissions by flares, seen in the white-light continuum, have only rarely been reported. We seek to use modern data to understand the morphology of WLP events.
Methods. We have identified a set of 14 examples of WLPs detected by the Heliospheric and Magnetic Imager (HMI) experiment on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite using a new online catalogue that covers 2011–2017. These WLPs invariably accompanied white-light flare (WLF) emission from the lower atmosphere from flares near the limb, as identified by hard X-ray images from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). HMI provides full Stokes information, and we have used the linear polarisations (Q and U) to distinguish Thomson scattering from cool material.
Results. The event morphologies fit roughly into three categories – ejection, loop, and spike – but many events show multiple phenomena.
Conclusions. The coronal white-light continuum, observed by HMI analogously to the observations made by a coronagraph, reveals many examples of coronal emission and dynamics. Using the Stokes linear polarisation, we estimate the masses of hot coronal plasma in 11 of the 14 events and find them to be similar to typical coronal-mass-ejection masses, but without exceeding 1015 g. We note that the HMI observations do not occult the bright solar disk and were not designed for coronal observations, resulting in relatively low signal-to-noise ratios. We therefore believe that future such observations with better optimisation will be even more fruitful.
Photon-Counting Computed Tomography – Basic Principles, Potenzial Benefits, and Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Stein Thomas , Rau Alexander , Russe Maximilian Frederik , Arnold Philipp , Faby Sebastian , Ulzheimer Stefan , Weis Meike , Froelich Matthias F. , Overhoff Daniel , Horger Marius , Hagen Florian , Bongers Malte , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schönberg Stefan O. , Bamberg Fabian , Weiß Jakob 
Published: March 2023

Background Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is a promising new technology with the potential to fundamentally change today’s workflows in the daily routine and to provide new quantitative imaging information to improve clinical decision-making and patient management.
Method The content of this review is based on an unrestricted literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms “Photon-Counting CT”, “Photon-Counting detector”, “spectral CT”, “Computed Tomography” as well as on the authors’ experience.
Results The fundamental difference with respect to the currently established energy-integrating CT detectors is that PCCT allows counting of every single photon at the detector level. Based on the identified literature, PCCT phantom measurements and initial clinical studies have demonstrated that the new technology allows improved spatial resolution, reduced image noise, and new possibilities for advanced quantitative image postprocessing.
Conclusion For clinical practice, the potential benefits include fewer beam hardening artifacts, radiation dose reduction, and the use of new contrast agents. In this review, we will discuss basic technical principles and potential clinical benefits and demonstrate first clinical use cases.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials of Screening for Atrial Fibrillation to Prevent Stroke
Authors:   The AF SCREEN and AFFECT-EU Collaborators
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of stroke. Timely diagnosis of AF and treatment with oral anticoagulation (OAC) can prevent up to two-thirds of AF-related strokes. Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring can identify undiagnosed AF in at-risk individuals, but the impact of population-based ECG screening on stroke is uncertain, as ongoing and published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have generally been underpowered for stroke.
Methods and analysis The AF-SCREEN Collaboration, with support from AFFECT-EU, have begun a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating ECG screening for AF. The primary outcome is stroke. Secondary outcomes include AF detection, OAC prescription, hospitalization, mortality, and bleeding.After developing a common data dictionary, anonymized data will be collated from individual trials into a central database. We will assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and overall quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.We will pool data using random effects models. Prespecified subgroup and multilevel meta-regression analyses will explore heterogeneity. We will perform prespecified trial sequential meta-analyses of published trials to determine when the optimal information size has been reached, and account for unpublished trials using the SAMURAI approach.
Impact and Dissemination Individual participant data meta-analysis will generate adequate power to assess the risks and benefits of AF screening. Meta-regression will permit exploration of the specific patient, screening methodology, and health system factors that influence outcomes.
Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42022310308.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Nasopharynx Carcinoma
Authors: Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Agarwal Vivek , Jain Chirag , Vyas Sameer , Kumar Jyoti , Singh Paramjeet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial carcinoma originating from lining of the nasopharyngeal mucosa usually at the fossa of Rosenmuller (pharyngeal recess). An early detection on endoscopy can be rewarding, however, often difficult as the tumor at the pharyngeal recess is hidden from the endoscopic view. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography–computed tomography form the backbone of detection and spread of the carcinoma into local and distant regions. These modalities help further characterize the precise locoregional infiltration and lymph nodal involvement which aids in the planning of the surgery/chemoradiotherapy. They also help in the follow-up evaluation and further management strategies. Many research and treatment groups namely American Joint Committee on Cancer, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, European Society of Radiology (iGuide), Indian Radiological & Imaging Association/Indian College of Radiology and Imaging, National Cancer Grid, etc. have devised guidelines for the optimal assessment and treatment of NPC. The present document aims at providing a comprehensive review of the clinicoradiological recommendations for the diagnosis and management of NPC based on these guidelines as well as personalized experience of the contributors.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hereditary Malignancies
Authors: Majithia Jinita , Mahajan Abhishek , Vaish Richa , Prakash Gagan , Patwardhan Saket , Sarin Rajiv 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHereditary cancer syndromes, characterized by genetically distinct neoplasms developing in specific organs in more than one family members, predispose an individual to early onset of distinct site-specific tumors. Early age of onset, multiorgan involvement, multiple and bilateral tumors, advanced disease at presentation, and aggressive tumor histology are few characteristic features of hereditary cancer syndromes. A multidisciplinary approach to hereditary cancers has led to a paradigm shift in the field of preventive oncology and precision medicine. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the screening, testing, and follow-up of individuals and their first- and second-degree relatives with hereditary cancers. In fact, a radiologist is often the first to apprise the clinician about the possibility of an underlying hereditary cancer syndrome based on pathognomonic imaging findings. This article focuses on the imaging spectrum of few common hereditary cancer syndromes with specific mention of the imaging features of associated common and uncommon tumors in each syndrome. The screening and surveillance recommendations for each condition with specific management approaches, in contrast to sporadic cases, have also been described.
Penetrating Iron Rod Wound of the Lumbar Spine Causing Cauda Equina Syndrome in a Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ilunga Roger Mulumba , Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Ndongo Mouhamadou Moustapha , Cisse Yakhya , Atakla Hugues Ghislain , Wague Daouda , Faye Mohameth , Ba Momar Code 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe authors report the case of a 10-year-old child who was admitted to the emergency room with a penetrating lumbar spinal injury caused by an iron rod, which occurred accidentally during a recreational activity. The clinical presentation was a ponytail syndrome with paraparesis and cerebrospinal fluid discharge from the lumbar penetration point of the iron rod. The lumbar X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan performed in the emergency room revealed the iron rod penetrating the spinal canal through the lamina of the L3 vertebra on the left, requiring urgent surgical management, consisting of laminectomy of L3 allowing the removal of the iron rod and repair of the dura mater without any damage to the roots of the cauda equina. The evolution was favorable with complete motor recovery at 3 months follow-up.
Perioperative Outcome of COVID-19-Positive Parturient Posted for Cesarean Section—Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Soni Megha , Kumari Mamta , Grover Niharika , Taneja Rashmi , Parashar Lokesh 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
There is insufficient data regarding the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in pregnant women. This study assessed the outcome of COVID-19-positive parturient after cesarean section, correlation of maternal mortality with COVID-19 severity, association of comorbid parturients with severe COVID-19, and number of patients requiring general anesthesia.

Material and Methods
This single-center, retrospective observational study was performed on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19-positive 89 parturients posted for elective or emergency cesarean section. Data was collected from medical records of our hospital regarding COVID-19 severity, maternal mortality, need for admission in intensive care unit, gestational age, maternal comorbidities, indication for cesarean section, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery, neonatal birth weight, neonatal mortality, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) score, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Assessment of maternal outcome was the primary objective. Secondary objectives of this study were to correlate maternal outcome with COVID-19 severity, to find association of comorbid parturients with severe COVID-19 and to estimate number of patients requiring general anesthesia.

Results
Out of 89 patients, 79 patients had mild COVID-19 disease were on room air and 6 patients required preoperative oxygen supplementation, and 4 patients diagnosed to have severe COVID-19 pneumonia were on mechanical ventilator preoperatively. Four cases were operated under general anesthesia and remaining 85 parturients were operated under regional anesthesia. Out of four parturients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, three patients did not survive in postoperative period due to refractory hypoxemia. In eight patients, spinal anesthesia was repeated due to inadequate effect. Fourteen neonates (16.09%) required NICU stay after cesarean delivery.

Conclusion
Parturients with severe COVID-19 disease had higher mortality. No statistically significant association was found between number of comorbidities and severity of COVID-19. The results of this study will guide us regarding further management and prognostication of COVID-19-positive parturients posted for cesarean section.
Development of a Low-Cost Gastroscope Prototype (GP) for Potential Cost-Effective Gastric Cancer Screening in Prevalent Regions
Authors: Xu James , Benson Mark E. , Granlund Liam M. , Gehrke Seth , Stanfield Dylan , Weiss Jennifer , Pfau Patrick , Soni Anurag , Cox Ben L. , Petry George , Swader Robert A. , Reichelderfer Mark , Li Zhanhai , Atrukstang Tenzin , Banik Nyah , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Gopal Deepak V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Screening for gastric cancer is known to be associated with reduced mortality in populations with high prevalence. However, many countries with high prevalence do not screen, with high costs being a significant reason for this.
Aims To describe, develop, and assess the potential for a low-cost gastroscope for early cancer screening and patient risk stratification.
Methods Our interdisciplinary team used both off-the-shelf and fabricated components to create multiple gastroscope prototypes (GP) in iterative fashion based off clinician feedback. Clinician endoscopists were surveyed using Likert scales regarding device potential, video quality, and handling when testing on a GI training device. Video quality comparison to clinically standard high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) was done using the absolute categorical ratings (ACR) method.
Results A candidate cost-effective GP with clinical potential was developed. Although initial versions were scored as inferior via ACR on all views tested when compared to HD-WLE (p < 0.001), participants agreed the concept may be beneficial (M = 4.52/5, SD = 0.72). In testing improved versions, participants agreed the device had the ability to identify discrete (M = 4.62/5, SD = 0.51) and subtle lesions (M = 4/5, SD = 0.7) but most felt video quality, although improved, was still less than HD-WLE. Sufficiency of maneuverability of device to visualize gastric views was rated as equivocal (M = 2.69/5, SD = 1.25).
Conclusion The presented low-cost gastroscopic devices have potential for clinical application. With further device development and refinement including the possible addition of technologies in telemedicine and artificial intelligence, we hope the GP can help expand gastric cancer screening for populations in need.