bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in prevalence and determinants of severe and moderate anaemia among women of reproductive age during the last 15 years in India
Authors: Sappani Marimuthu , Mani Thenmozhi , Asirvatham Edwin Sam , Joy Melvin , Babu Malavika , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAnaemia is a serious global public health problem that disproportionally affects children, adolescent girls, and women of reproductive age, especially pregnant women. Women of reproductive age are more vulnerable to anaemia, particularly severe and moderate anaemia leads to adverse outcomes among pregnant women. Despite continuous Government efforts, anaemia burden still poses a serious challenge in India. The objective of this study is to assess the trends in prevalence and determinants of severe and moderate anaemia among women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years.MethodWe used three rounds of the large-scale National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India, conducted on a representative sample of households using a cross-sectional design across the country in 2005–06, 2015–16 and 2019–2021. We included all the women aged 15 to 49 years in our analysis. We used the same haemoglobin (Hb) cut-off values for all the three rounds of surveys to ensure comparability. Generalized linear regression analyses with log link were done. Survey weights were incorporated in the analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of severe or moderate Anaemia (SMA) in non-pregnant women was 14.20%, 12.43% and 13.98%; it was 31.11%, 25.98% and 26.66% for pregnant women in 2006, 2016 and 2021 respectively. The decline in SMA prevalence was 1.54% in non-pregnant women, whereas it was 14.30% in pregnant women in 15 years. Women who were poor, and without any formal education had a higher risk for severe and moderate Anaemia.ConclusionDespite the intensive anaemia control program in India, SMA has not declined appreciably in non-pregnant women during the last two decades. Despite the decline, the prevalence of SMA was about 26% in pregnant women which calls for a comprehensive review of the existing anaemia control programmes and there must be targeted programmes for the most vulnerable and high-risk women such as rural, poor and illiterate women of reproductive age to reduce the burden of anaemia among them.
Arithmetic of Châtelet surface bundles revisited
Authors: Hu Guang , Liang Yongqi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the arithmetic of algebraic varieties defined over number fields by applying Lagrange interpolation to fibrations.
Assuming the finiteness of the Tate–Shafarevich group of a certain elliptic curve, we show, for Châtelet surface bundles over curves, that the violation of Hasse principle being accounted for by the Brauer–Manin obstruction is not invariant under an arbitrary finite extension of the ground field.
Wie aus Teutschland Deutschland wurde. Die Bedeutung der Reichspublizistik für die Entwicklung der deutschen Hochsprache
Authors: Burgdorf Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Es ist eine weitverbreitete Auffassung, dass die moderne deutsche Hochsprache durch die Bibelübersetzung Martin Luthers entstanden sei. Tatsächlich war jedoch die Reichspublizistik, also Drucke von Reichs- und Kreisabschieden, Reichsgesetzen, kaiserlichen Dekreten, der Kanzleien der Reichsgerichte usw. sowie jener Literatur, die sich wissenschaftlich mit dem Reichsstaatsrecht beschäftigte, viel entscheidender, denn hier wurde Deutsch erstmals zur Wissenschaftssprache. In diesem Kontext wird geklärt, wie aus Teutschland Deutschland wurde.
On an inverse problem for a linearized system of Navier–Stokes equations with a final overdetermination condition
Authors: Jenaliyev Muvasharkhan T. , Bektemesov Maktagali A. , Yergaliyev Madi G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The theory of inverse problems is an actively studied area of modern differential equation theory. This paper studies the solvability of the inverse problem for a linearized system of Navier–Stokes equations in a cylindrical domain with a final overdetermination condition. Our approach is to reduce the inverse problem to a direct problem for a loaded equation. In contrast to the well-known works in this field, our approach is to find an equation for a loaded term whose solvability condition provides the solvability of the original inverse problem. At the same time, the classical theory of spectral decomposition of unbounded self-adjoint operators is actively used. Concrete examples demonstrate that the assertions of our theorems naturally develop and complement the known results on inverse problems. Various cases are considered when the known coefficient on the right-hand side of the equation depends only on time or both on time and a spatial variable. Theorems establishing new sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the inverse problem under consideration are proved.
Making Landscapes, Building Communities. A Journey along the Kopais Corridor in Boiotia
Authors: Beck Hans 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis article explores how the narrow passageway along the southern shores of Lake Kopais evolved into a sacred landscape that provided space for the building of a political community among the inhabitants of ‘two Boiotias’. The Kopais corridor was a highway for the movement of people and ideas since the Late Bronze Age. Its high frequency of cult sites offered ample opportunity for the nourishing of sentiments of togetherness. The first section of this article surveys the key determinants in the relations between the two major cities on either end of the corridor, Orchomenos and Thebes, prior to the creation of their first federal union. This lays the groundwork for the second step of the analysis, when the article examines the local environment of the Kopais corridor. Revisiting its cult sites, the discussion delves into the experience of local place – each one distinct and with its own sacred aura, but lined up along a path and linked with other places. In conclusion, the findings are put in the wider context of storied environments and sacred landscapes in the Archaic Age. It will be argued that the union of the Boiotians was subject to the dynamics of sacred landscape making in the Kopais corridor, a dynamic that allowed the ethnos to relate to a space critical to its origins.
Polarization-independent isotropic metasurface with high refractive index, low reflectance, and high transmittance in the 0.3-THz band
Authors: Sato Kento , Suzuki Takehito 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Metasurfaces substituted for naturally occurring materials make it possible to develop flat optics manipulating terahertz waves. However, the control of unprecedented material properties with metasurfaces frequently produces anisotropic material properties and has yet to be commonly adopted because of the limitation of functionalities as optical components. Here, we demonstrate an isotropic metasurface with polarization-independent material properties with the extremely high refractive index of 14.0 + j0.49, low reflectance of 1.0 %, and high transmittance of 86.9 % at 0.31 THz. Measurements by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) verify that the fabricated metasurface with a high refractive index, low reflectance, and high transmittance works for terahertz waves with any polarization direction and results in the unprecedented material characteristics with polarization independence. The relative permittivity and relative permeability are 13.9 – j1.4 and 13.8 + j2.3, respectively. The sum of the dielectric and magnetic energy losses must also be considered to verify the conservation of energy for metasurfaces. The sum of the dielectric and magnetic energy losses is very close to positive values and the conservation of energy is largely satisfied. The proposed metasurface would offer optical components with attractive functionalities such as wavefront control, directivity enhancement, and optical vortices for 6G communications.
Time-refraction optics with single cycle modulation
Authors: Lustig Eran , Segal Ohad , Saha Soham , Bordo Eliyahu , Chowdhury Sarah N. , Sharabi Yonatan , Fleischer Avner , Boltasseva Alexandra , Cohen Oren , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Segev Mordechai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present an experimental study of optical time-refraction caused by time-interfaces as short as a single optical cycle. Specifically, we study the propagation of a probe pulse through a sample undergoing a large refractive index change induced by an intense modulator pulse. In these systems, increasing the refractive index abruptly leads to time-refraction where the spectrum of all the waves propagating in the medium is red-shifted, and subsequently blue-shifted when the refractive index relaxes back to its original value. We observe these phenomena in the single-cycle regime. Moreover, by shortening the temporal width of the modulator to ∼5–6 fs, we observe that the rise time of the red-shift associated with time-refraction is proportionally shorter. The experiments are carried out in transparent conducting oxides acting as epsilon-near-zero materials. These observations raise multiple questions on the fundamental physics occurring within such ultrashort time frames, and open the way for experimenting with photonic time-crystals, generated by periodic ultrafast changes to the refractive index, in the near future.
Structural peculiarities? Aperiodic crystals, modulated phases, composite structures
Authors: Schönleber Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
According to a general understanding, a crystal structure is defined by a lattice and the content of the unit cell of this lattice. As consequence a crystal exhibits three-dimensional periodicity with respect to the atoms. However, an increasing number of known crystal structures does not follow this idea of periodicity, but shows an aperiodic arrangement of its atoms. This group of so-called “aperiodic crystals” contains quasicrystals, modulated phases and composite structures. The latter two can be properly described within the higher-dimensional superspace approach to enable an accurate crystal-chemical analysis. Here the superspace is a mathematical tool, in which periodicity can be recovered in a higher-dimensional space. In the first part of this review the basic concept of periodic and aperiodic crystals is presented and similarities and differences of modulated phases, composite structures and quasicrystals are discussed. In a second part the higher-dimensional superspace approach is introduced in reciprocal and in direct space and the implementation of symmetry in superspace is reviewed. In the last part representative examples and the origin of aperiodicity in the crystal structures are discussed.
Revealing the structure–property relationship of all-silica zeolites for the carbon dioxide capture: a high throughput screening study
Authors: Xiuying Liu , Chen Hao , Yuan Junpeng , Huang Jilong , Li Xiaodong , Yu Jingxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The structural parameters and performance evaluation metrics of 242 promising all-silica zeolites to rank and screen out the top candidates for CO2/N2 separation are obtained by using molecular simulations combined with high-throughput calculations. By setting the pore size range of the material, three top zeolites with the highest adsorption selectivity for CO2 molecules are screened to further investigate the adsorption and separation for CO2 and N2 molecules. The GCMC method was used to calculate the adsorption isotherm, heat of adsorption, adsorption selectivity and centroid distribution density under different feed ratios of CO2/N2 mixed components. The zeolite exhibits a high CO2 adsorption capacity with the maximum pore size of 4–8 Å, the surface area of 1400 m2/g and the pore volume of 0.2–0.4 cm3/g, and best adsorption selectivity for CO2 at the pore size of 4 Å and pore volume of 0.2 cm3/g in the CO2/N2 mixed systems. Zeolite has higher adsorption selectivity for CO2 with low amount of CO2, which is favorable for the removal of a small amount of CO2 molecules. The geometrical structure of the material plays an important role for the adsorption capacity and spatial distribution of the adsorbate molecules in all-silicon zeolites.
Modeling of Viscosity and Chemical Structure of Virgin and Aged Asphalt from Different Origins
Authors: Wu Cai , Fan Siyuan , Wang Zhaocheng , Han Zhaoming , Li Zhijun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Viscosity is a crucial rheological indicator of the flow behavior of asphalt binder that affects mixing process, pipeline transportation, and pavement compaction quality. Modeling the viscosity and chemical characteristics of asphalt has been a topic of interest. Herein, three asphalt binders of the same pen grade from different origins named Asphalt A, Asphalt B, and Asphalt C that differed significantly in viscosity were used. A solvent extraction separation experiment was applied to get a sufficient amount of virgin asphalt narrow fractions. A pressure aging vessel (PAV) test was conducted to collect aged asphalts with different aging degrees. Rotary viscosity measurements under different temperatures were conducted, and visco-flow activation energy (Ea) was calculated in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. Their chemical properties were analyzed by saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions analysis, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The essential and quantifiable microstructure parameters affecting asphalt viscosity, including weight average molecular weight (Mw), which determines the dispersion interactions between asphalt molecules, carbonyl index (IC=O) and sulfoxide index (IS=O) represented as polar interactions, aromaticity index (fA) represented as pi–pi interactions, branching index, and average chain length (L), which reflect internal friction when asphalt molecules move, were found and multiple linear combination models were established to describe the relationship between Ea and chemical structure. Compared with the single parameter prediction model in the past, multiple linear combination models have a better prediction effect for asphalt with diverse molecular structures (R2 = 0.9692 for virgin asphalt and R2 = 0.9162 for aged asphalts). In addition, the increased amount in Mw, fA, IC=O, and IS=O after PAV aging led to corresponding viscosity increases especially for Asphalt A with high sulfur content.
Accounting for the Effect of Air Voids on Asphalt Mix Monotonic Cracking Testing Results
Authors: Alkuime Hamza , Kassem Emad , Al-Rousan Taleb , Mujalli Randa Oqab , Alshraiedeh Khaled A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Various monotonic cracking resistance assessment tests and indicators of asphalt mixes have their own merits; however, they provide illogical interpretations of mix resistance to cracking under different air void (AV) contents. This study aims to investigate and address the limitations of the monotonic tests and indicators in evaluating the cracking resistance of asphalt mixes with different AV contents. The results show that the shape of the load-displacement curve, curve basic elements, and monotonic indicators are significantly sensitive to variation in AV content. However, the currently proposed correction ratios could not address this dependency of cracking assessment on AV content. This study therefore proposes and evaluates a new approach and correction ratios for monotonic tests and performance indicators. The results demonstrate that the newly proposed correction ratios could normalize the effect of AV content on the examined performance assessment indicators.
Nucleoporin foci are stress‐sensitive condensates dispensable for C. elegans nuclear pore assembly
Authors: Thomas Laura , Taleb Ismail Basma , Askjaer Peter , Seydoux Geraldine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNucleoporins (Nups) assemble nuclear pores that form the permeability barrier between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Nucleoporins also localize in cytoplasmic foci proposed to function as pore pre‐assembly intermediates. Here, we characterize the composition and incidence of cytoplasmic Nup foci in an intact animal, C. elegans. We find that, in young non‐stressed animals, Nup foci only appear in developing sperm, oocytes and embryos, tissues that express high levels of nucleoporins. The foci are condensates of highly cohesive FG repeat‐containing nucleoporins (FG‐Nups), which are maintained near their solubility limit in the cytoplasm by posttranslational modifications and chaperone activity. Only a minor fraction of FG‐Nup molecules concentrate in Nup foci, which dissolve during M phase and are dispensable for nuclear pore assembly. Nucleoporin condensation is enhanced by stress and advancing age, and overexpression of a single FG‐Nup in post‐mitotic neurons is sufficient to induce ectopic condensation and organismal paralysis. We speculate that Nup foci are non‐essential and potentially toxic condensates whose assembly is actively suppressed in healthy cells.
Decreasing Percentage of Infants With Very Low 5-Minute Apgar Scores at a Safety-Net Level III NICU
Authors: Harding Emma , Stenzel Courtney , Roosevelt Genie , Grover Theresa , Hayashi Madoka 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES
Low 5-minute Apgar scores predict mortality and may be associated with poor neurologic outcomes. Our percentage of infants with low 5-minute Apgar scores was higher than the national average (2.4%). Therefore, we aimed to decrease the percentage of infants with Apgar scores &lt;4 at 5 minutes from a mean of 5.12% to &lt;2.4% and decrease the percentage of infants receiving chest compressions (CCs) before intubation from 21% to &lt;5%.

METHODS
We completed 4 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles from April 2015 through November 2018, including providing 24-hour advanced practice provider coverage (PDSA 1), initiating advanced practice provider–led delivery room scenarios for residents and education to secure the airway before CCs (PDSA 2), developing “Go Bags” with supplies (PDSA 3), and performing multidisciplinary mock codes (PDSA 4). We used a statistical process control p-chart to evaluate our primary outcome measure of the percentage of infants with 5-minute Apgar scores &lt;4 from January 2012 through September 2021.

RESULTS
The percent of infants with Apgar scores &lt;4 at 5 minutes decreased from 5.12% in the baseline and intervention period to 2.16% in the sustainment period. We detected special cause with 8 points below the centerline. Infants born in the baseline period were 7.9 times more likely to receive CCs before intubation than in the intervention and sustainment periods (P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS
We decreased the percentage of infants with 5-minute Apgar scores &lt;4 and the percentage of infants receiving chest compressions before intubation. Ultimately, rigorous education and team collaboration through frequent multidisciplinary team mock codes were critical to our success.
O rompimento da barragem de Fundão e a ascensão do capitalismo de desastre no Brasil
Authors: Rojas Claudia Marcela Orduz , Pereira Doralice Barros 
Published: June 2023

O 5 de novembro de 2015, a barragem de rejeitos minerais de Fundão, de propriedade da Samarco (Vale SA/BHP Billiton), rompeu-se, deixando dezenove mortos, milhares de atingidos e um rastro de destruição ao longo da Bacia do Rio Doce. Este artigo visa compreender a relação entre o rompimento da barragem e a ascensão do capitalismo de desastre no Brasil. As informações foram coletadas em fontes primárias e secundárias e em trabalhos de campo. Conclui-se que o rompimento do reservatório possibilitou a realização do primeiro experimento de grande monta do capitalismo de desastre no Brasil que se efetivou a partir de três terapias de choque. A primeira foi o próprio rompimento da barragem, que apesar de ser evitável, aconteceu de maneira abrupta e violenta. A segunda terapia foi um ambicioso programa econômico neoliberal, antidemocrático e impopular, adotado para reparar e compensar os danos ocasionados. Não sendo suficiente, os atingidos foram ainda submetidos a diversos mecanismos e técnicas de tortura coletiva que contribuíram para reduzir o gasto social, neutralizar a resistência ao tratamento econômico e consolidar a ascensão do capitalismo de desastre no Brasil. Em suma, os três choques permitiram o desenho de uma nova “normalidade” — mais doentia, brutal e perversa —, benéfica apenas para uma pequena elite empresarial global.
Solid-oxide fuel cells: A critical review of materials for cell components
Authors: Yatoo Mudasir A. , Habib Faiza , Malik Akhtar Hussain , Qazi Mohsin Jahan , Ahmad Sharique , Ganayee Mohd Azhardin , Ahmad Zubair 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid-oxide fuel cells are efficient devices for the conversion of chemical to electrical energy and a typical solid-oxide fuel cell consists of a solid electrolyte, cathode, and anode. In the last few decades, researchers have been working extensively on materials development for different components of these devices. In this review article, we briefly discuss the requirements for different components and review prominent materials families explored by the scientific community. As the search for greener energy alternatives such as solid-oxide fuel cells has intensified manifold due to the climate change emergency, a substantial literature was produced on the materials development of these devices and, therefore, we believe a brief review article dedicated to the same will be valuable for the scientific community, particularly new young entrant researchers in the field.
Graphical Abstract
Availability and Use of Assistive Technology for Learning Amongst Special Students in Kwara State School for Special Needs
Authors: Olumorin Charles Olabode , Babalola Ebenezer Omolafe , Amoo Barakat Kanyinsola 
Published: May 2023

Assistive Technology (AT) is a technology used by individuals with disabilities to perform functions that might otherwise be difficult or impossible. ATs are integrated into teaching and learning procedures to overcome the challenges faced by students with disabilities in educational institutions. The population of this study consisted of all the special students in Ilorin, Kwara State School for special needs. A random sampling technique was employed to select 100 students who constitute the sample size of this study. The findings of the study showed that deaf, blind, physical disability, learning disability, and language disorder are being catered for in the school, assistive technologies are available for all the special students in the school, majority of the students used the assistive technologies for learning, there is a significant difference in the level of utilization of assistive technologies for learning among the special students based on gender, and there is a significant difference in the level of utilization of assistive technologies for learning among special students based on age. This study concluded that basic disabilities are being catered for in the sample special school with appropriate assistive technologies, and the technologies are found to be adequately available for the students. The study, therefore, recommended that the ministry of education should put in place, seminars, workshops, conferences, and training for special education teachers.