bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evolutionary explanation of female‐biased sexual size dimorphism in North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.
Authors: Mollet Fabian M. , Enberg Katja , Boukal David S. , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Dieckmann Ulf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSexual size dimorphism (SSD) is caused by differences in selection pressures and life‐history trade‐offs faced by males and females. Proximate causes of SSD may involve sex‐specific mortality, energy acquisition, and energy expenditure for maintenance, reproductive tissues, and reproductive behavior. Using a quantitative, individual‐based, eco‐genetic model parameterized for North Sea plaice, we explore the importance of these mechanisms for female‐biased SSD, under which males are smaller and reach sexual maturity earlier than females (common among fish, but also arising in arthropods and mammals). We consider two mechanisms potentially serving as ultimate causes: (a) Male investments in male reproductive behavior might evolve to detract energy resources that would otherwise be available for somatic growth, and (b) diminishing returns on male reproductive investments might evolve to reduce energy acquisition. In general, both of these can bring about smaller male body sizes. We report the following findings. First, higher investments in male reproductive behavior alone cannot explain the North Sea plaice SSD. This is because such higher reproductive investments require increased energy acquisition, which would cause a delay in maturation, leading to male‐biased SSD contrary to observations. When accounting for the observed differential (lower) male mortality, maturation is postponed even further, leading to even larger males. Second, diminishing returns on male reproductive investments alone can qualitatively account for the North Sea plaice SSD, even though the quantitative match is imperfect. Third, both mechanisms can be reconciled with, and thus provide a mechanistic basis for, the previously advanced Ghiselin–Reiss hypothesis, according to which smaller males will evolve if their reproductive success is dominated by scramble competition for fertilizing females, as males would consequently invest more in reproduction than growth, potentially implying lower survival rates, and thus relaxing male–male competition. Fourth, a good quantitative fit with the North Sea plaice SSD is achieved by combining both mechanisms while accounting for sex‐specific costs males incur during their spawning season. Fifth, evolution caused by fishing is likely to have modified the North Sea plaice SSD.
Predation risk and personality influence seed predation and dispersal by a scatter‐hoarding small mammal
Authors: Merz Margaret R. , Boone Sara R. , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmall mammals are key scatter hoarders in forest ecosystems, acting as both seed predators and dispersers. The outcome of their interactions (i.e., predation vs. dispersal) is determined by a series of decisions made by small mammals, such as the choice of seed, whether the seed is immediately consumed or cached, and where it is cached. These decisions are influenced by a variety of factors, including the intrinsic traits of the seed, the individual personality of the scatter hoarder, and the perceived risk of predation while foraging. Furthermore, these factors may all interact to dictate the fate of the seed, with consequences for forest regeneration. Nevertheless, the ways in which perceived predation risk and personality interact to affect the seed dispersal decisions of scatter hoarders are still poorly understood. To contribute in filling this knowledge gap, we tested the hypotheses that southern red‐backed voles (Myodes gapperi), an important scatter hoarder in forest ecosystems, would exhibit personality‐mediated foraging and that predation risk would alter associations between personality and seed dispersal. We conducted a large‐scale field experiment, offering seed trays at stations with altered risk levels and recorded foraging decisions of free‐ranging voles with known personalities. We found that personality and perceived predation risk influenced decisions made by foraging voles. Specifically, docility, and boldness predicted foraging site selection, boldness predicted seed species selection and the number of seeds individuals selected, and the tendency to explore of an individual predicted whether voles would remove or consume seeds. Predation risk, mediated by the amount of cover at a site and by moon illumination, affected which foraging site individuals chose, seed species selection, and the probability of removal versus consumption. We did not find support for an interaction between personality and predation risk in predicting foraging decisions. These findings highlight the importance of scatter hoarder personality and perceived predation risk in affecting foraging decisions, with important consequences for seed dispersal and implications for altered patterns of forest regeneration in areas with different small mammal personality distributions or landscapes of fear.
Linearly Bridging N2 versus CO: Chemical Bonding and Spin‐Controlled Reactivity.
Authors: Fritz Maximilian , Demeshko Serhiy , Würtele Christian , Finger Markus , Schneider Sven 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of the linearly N2 bridged, dichromium complex [(μ‐N2){Cr(PNP)}2] (PNP=N(CHCHPtBu2)2) is reported. Experimental and computational data favor a three‐spin electronic structure model with high‐spin CrII ions that are antiferromagnetically coupled to an N22− bridge due to spin‐polarized backbonding. Reaction with CO gave isocarbonyl complex [(PNP)(CO)2Cr(μ‐CO)Cr(PNP)] and [(PNP)(CO)2Cr(μ‐N2)Cr(PNP)] could be trapped as intermediate. The latter is best described by a (ls‐CrI)(N2−)(hs‐CrII) ground state model, while more covalent bonding with the CO bridge is reflected by a (ls‐Cr0)(CO0)(hs‐CrII) electronic structure description. The selectivity of the carbonylation reaction is attributed to a spin transition after binding of the first CO ligand to [(μ‐N2){Cr(PNP)}2].
Discovering functional connectivity features characterizing multiple sclerosis phenotypes using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Yamin Muhammad Abubakar , Valsasina Paola , Tessadori Jacopo , Filippi Massimo , Murino Vittorio , Rocca Maria A. , Sona Diego 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition characterized by severe structural brain damage and by functional reorganization of the main brain networks that try to limit the clinical consequences of structural burden. Resting‐state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities found in this condition were shown to be variable across different MS phases, according to the severity of clinical manifestations. The article describes a system exploiting machine learning on RS FC matrices to discriminate different MS phenotypes and to identify relevant functional connections for MS stage characterization. To this end, the system exploits some mathematical properties of covariance‐based RS FC representation, which can be described by a Riemannian manifold. The classification performance of the proposed framework was significantly above the chance level for all MS phenotypes. Moreover, the proposed system was successful in identifying relevant RS FC alterations contributing to an accurate phenotype classification.
Protein State‐Dependent Chemical Biology
Authors: Scott Kevin A. , Zhang Tiffany L. , Xi Sarah Y. , Ngo Bryan , Vinogradova Ekaterina V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChemical methods that provide a readout of biochemical changes within a cell at the protein level enable precise characterization of biological phenotypes that may not always be encoded in the genome or inferred from the transcriptome. Post‐translational regulation of protein activity differs from genetic and transcriptional as it usually occurs on a timescale of seconds to minutes rather than hours and days. This regulation is associated with dynamic changes in protein landscapes as a direct result of protein conformational changes induced by post‐translational modifications of critical amino acid residues, protein translocations, and changes in protein interactomes. Herein, we reflect on current broad‐scale mass spectrometry‐enabled chemical biology methods used to interrogate different protein states and dynamic protein landscapes and provide an outlook on the field of state‐dependent chemical biology.
Primary cesarean scar choriocarcinoma: A case series and literature review
Authors: Huang Yibao , Zhou Ting , Li Yuting , Gao Xiaofan , Zhu Qingqing , Wu Mingfu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo provide clinical guidance for early diagnosis and effective management of primary cesarean scar choriocarcinoma, which is an extremely rare but highly malignant trophoblastic tumor.MethodsThis retrospective case series summarized the clinical courses of seven patients diagnosed with cesarean scar choriocarcinoma.ResultsWe identified two patients in our institution with cesarean scar choriocarcinoma. In addition, details of the previous five patients were extracted from databases and analyzed to provide more clinical information. The seven patients had an average age of 31.14 years, their tumor sizes ranged from 2.0 to 6.5 cm, and their pretreatment serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels ranged from 3664 to 312 468 mIU/mL. All the patients were categorized as having FIGO Stage I disease, with four patients at low risk and three at high risk. Six of the seven were misdiagnosed with ectopic pregnancy before pathologic examination.ConclusionsClinicians should pay attention to masses in cesarean scar and to continuous elevation of serum β‐hCG levels after treatment. When cesarean scar choriocarcinoma is suspected, diagnostic surgery can be chosen for tentative treatment and pathologic sampling. Salvage EMA‐CO chemotherapy (etoposide, actinomycin D, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and vincristine) should be performed as early as possible to prevent metastasis and recurrence after pathologic diagnosis.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of prenatal care practitioners regarding oral health in pregnancy—A systematic review
Authors: Anunciação Beatriz Helena , Azevedo Maria João , Pereira Maria de Lurdes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHormonal and behavioral changes during pregnancy may impact the oral health of women, which can influence the pregnancy course. Prenatal care practitioners (PCP) must be aware of this bidirectional relation in order to include an oral assessment in routine prenatal care.ObjectivesTo characterize the knowledge and attitudes of PCP regarding oral health in pregnant women.Search StrategyThe search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scopus, and Embase on May 2022.Selection CriteriaPeer‐reviewed cross‐sectional studies published in English within the last 5 years that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of PCP towards oral health in pregnancy were selected.Data Collection and AnalysisData were standardly extracted by the three reviewers from the selected articles and their bias was assessed.Main ResultsFrom a total of 996 articles, 24 were selected. Overall, most PCP have an adequate level of knowledge regarding the importance of oral health during pregnancy. Although several professionals reported referring their patients to a dentist, the attitudes and practices of the majority of PCP were still inadequate.ConclusionsPCP are aware of the importance of oral health during pregnancy but still lack translating this knowledge into clinical practice.
Raman spectroscopy system for real‐time diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer tissue
Authors: van Breugel Suse J. , Low Irene , Christie Mary L. , Pokorny Morgan R. , Nagarajan Ramya , Holtkamp Hannah U. , Srinivasa Komal , Amirapu Satya , Nieuwoudt Michel K. , Simpson M. Cather , Zargar‐Shoshtari Kamran , Aguergaray Claude 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a significant healthcare problem worldwide. Current diagnosis and treatment methods are limited by a lack of precise in vivo tissue analysis methods. Real‐time cancer identification and grading could dramatically improve current protocols. Here, we report the testing of a thin optical probe using Raman spectroscopy (RS) and classification methods to detect and grade PCa accurately in real‐time. We present the first clinical trial on fresh ex vivo biopsy cores from an 84 patient cohort. Findings from 2395 spectra measured on 599 biopsy cores show high accuracy for diagnosing and grading PCa. We can detect clinically significant PCa from benign and clinically insignificant PCa with 90% sensitivity and 80.2% specificity. We also demonstrate the ability to differentiate cancer grades with 90% sensitivity and specificity ≥82.8%. This work demonstrates the utility of RS for real‐time PCa detection and grading during routine transrectal biopsy appointments.
Ecological promotive and protective factors deterring gun carriage for young adults living in communities with high rates of community violence
Authors: Ross Katherine M. , Walsh Colleen S. , O'Connor Kelly E.  , Sullivan Terri N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study identified promotive and protective factors that lessened the likelihood of handgun carriage in a sample of 141 predominantly Black (97%) young adults (ages 18–22) living in high burden communities experiencing elevated rates of violence. Participants completed surveys assessing overall risk and protective factors for violence across ecological contexts (e.g., individual/peer, family, school, and community). A series of regression and moderation analyses were conducted to ascertain direct (promotive) and indirect (protective) relations between factors across the ecological model and likelihood of gun carriage. Results indicated that (1) consistent with previous studies, both witnessing violence and violence victimization were significant risk factors for handgun carriage, (2) ethnic identity was a significant promotive factor related to a lower likelihood of handgun carriage, and (3) lack of family conflict, student status, and community assets were significant protective factors where higher levels of these factors attenuated the relation between exposure to community violence and likelihood of gun carriage. This is one of the first strengths‐based studies examining factors that may mitigate the likelihood of gun carriage for young adults in high risk contexts. Our findings suggest that gun violence prevention efforts for high burden communities should support young adults by strengthening factors across the ecological model (e.g., individual, family, school, and community).
TBC1D25 alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting abnormal lipid accumulation and inflammation
Authors: Wu Anding , Ye Mao , Ma Tengfei , She Zhigang , Li Ruyan , Shi Hongjie , Yang Ling , Yi Maolin , Li Huoping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a strong stimulant of cardiovascular diseases, affecting one‐quarter of the world's population. TBC1 domain family member 25 (TBC1D25) regulates the development of myocardial hypertrophy and cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury; however, its effect on NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that TBC1D25 expression is upregulated in NASH. TBC1D25 deficiency aggravated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH. In vitro tests revealed that TBC1D25 overexpression restrained NASH responses. Subsequent mechanistic validation experiments demonstrated that TBC1D25 interfered with NASH progression by inhibiting abnormal lipid accumulation and inflammation. TBC1D25 deficiency significantly promoted NASH occurrence and development. Therefore, TBC1D25 may potentially be used as a clinical therapeutic target for NASH treatment.
Effect of phenol concentration on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: González Rosendo López , de la Fuente Orbelin , García Ruth Lezama , del Carmen Uribe López Melina , Owen Patricia Quintana , López María Carmen Hidalgo , Lemus Mayra Angélica Alvarez 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenol and its derivatives are considered toxic compounds, even at low concentrations. Their accumulation in water effluents has become a serious problem that could be resolved by using zinc oxide (ZnO)‐based photocatalysts.RESULTSZnO nanoparticles were synthesized through the precipitation method, using zinc nitrate and sodium carbonate as reagents. The as‐synthesized powder was calcined for 4 h at 500 °C (2° C min−1). X‐Ray diffraction analysis confirmed a hexagonal crystalline phase (wurtzite) with an average crystallite size of 38 nm. The Kubelka‐Munk method was used to determine a band gap of 3.27 eV through UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) specific area of 12 m2 g−1 was obtained from N2 adsorption analysis. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was evaluated under visible light (300 W) lamp, with 1 mg mL−1 of photocatalyst and using phenol solutions at different concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppm; the obtained degradation percentages were 98%, 97%, 94%, and 71%, respectively. Three cycles were performed with the ZnO used in the reactions with phenol at 5 and 50 ppm, decreasing the degraded percentages to 87% and 65%, respectively. The generation of hydroxyl radicals was estimated for the ZnO and ZnO samples after three cycles by means of fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. It was observed that the first‐used ZnO material generated a significant amount of hydroxyl radicals.CONCLUSIONWhen compared to ZnO after three cycles of reaction, the amount of generated hydroxyl radicals decreased. It was observed that the higher the amount of phenol, the lower the generation of hydroxyl radicals after reuse; this was probably due to the presence of some adsorbed by‐products of the photocatalytic reaction on the surface of ZnO, as the FTIR spectrum of the post‐reaction sample showed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Reinforcer pathology, probabilistic choice, and medication adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jarmolowicz David P. , Schneider Tadd D. , Strickland Justin C. , Bruce Amanda S. , Reed Derek D. , Bruce Jared M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reinforcer pathology model posits that core behavioral economic mechanisms, including delay discounting and behavioral economic demand, underlie adverse health decisions and related clinical disorders. Extensions beyond substance use disorder and obesity, however, are limited. Using a reinforcer pathology framework, this study evaluates medical adherence decisions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Participants completed behavioral economic measures, including delay discounting, probability discounting, and a medication purchase task. A medical decision‐making task was also used to evaluate how sensitivity to mild side effect risk and efficacy contributed to the likelihood of taking a hypothetical disease‐modifying therapy. Less steep delay discounting and more intense (greater) medication demand were independently associated with greater adherence to the medication decision‐making procedure. More generally, the pattern of interrelations between the medication‐specific and general behavioral economic metrics was consistent with and contributes to the reinforcer pathology model. Additional research is warranted to expand these models to different populations and health behaviors, including those of a positive health orientation (i.e., medication adherence).
Early treatment of neonatal diabetes with oral glibenclamide in an extremely preterm infant
Authors: Galderisi Alfonso , Kermorvant‐Duchemin Elsa , Daruich Alejandra , Bonnard Adeline Alice , Lapillonne Alexandre , Aubelle Marie‐Stéphanie , Perrella Bruna , Vial Yoann , Cave Héléne , Berdugo Marianne , Jarreau Pierre‐Henri , Polak Michel , Beltrand Jacques 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEarly treatment of neonatal diabetes with sulfonylureas has been proven to produce marked improvements of neurodevelopment, beside the demonstrated efficacy on glycemic control. Several barriers still prevent an early treatment in preterm babies including the limited availability of suitable galenic form of glibenclamide. We adopted oral glibenclamide suspension (Amglidia) for the early treatment of neonatal diabetes due to an homozygous variant of KCNJ11 gene c.10C>T [p.Arg4Cys] in an extremely preterm infant born at 26 + 2 weeks' of gestational age. After ~6 weeks of insulin treatment with a low glucose intake (4.5 g/kg/day), the infant was switched to Amglidia 6 mg/ml diluted in maternal milk, via nasogastric tube (0.2 mg/kg/day) progressively reduced to 0.01 mg/kg/day (after ~3 months). While on glibenclamide, the patient exhibited a mean daily growth of 11 g/kg/day. The treatment was suspended at month 6 of birth (weight 4.9 kg [5th–10th centile], M3 of c.a.) for normalization of glucose profile. During the treatment, the patient exhibited a stable glucose profile within the range of 4–8 mmol/L in the absence of hypo or hyperglycemic episodes with 2–3 blood glucose tests per day. The patient was diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity Stade II in Zone II without plus disease at 32 weeks, with progressive regression and complete retinal vascularization at 6 months of birth. Amglidia could be regarded as the specific treatment for neonatal diabetes even in preterm babies due to its beneficial effect on the metabolic and neurodevelopmental side.
Evaluation of the performance of a rapid antigen test (Roche) for COVID‐19 diagnosis in an emergency setting in Sweden
Authors: Heydecke Anna , Gullsby Karolina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, rapid and reliable detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 is important to enable proper care of patients and to prevent further transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Roche SARS‐CoV‐2 Rapid Antigen Test (Ag‐RDT) in an emergency care setting during a high pandemic period. The analytical performance of the Ag‐RDT was compared to real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR). A total of 132 patient samples, previously analyzed with rRT‐PCR, were reanalyzed with the Ag‐RDT. Tenfold serial dilutions of five different patient strains containing the pangolin variants BA.1, BA.2, B.1.1.7, B.1.160, and B.1.177 were analyzed in parallel with the Ag‐RDT and rRT‐PCR. A clinical evaluation was performed in which 1911 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency wards in Region Gävleborg, Sweden, were included. Paired samples were collected and analyzed with the Ag‐RDT on‐site and with rRT‐PCR at the microbiology laboratory. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Ag‐RDT in the clinical evaluation were 71.3% and 99.7%, respectively. When samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values above 30 were excluded, the sensitivity was 86.5%. Eleven of the admitted patients who were positive for both the Ag‐RDT and rRT‐PCR (Ct‐range 16.9–30.4) showed no symptoms of COVID‐19. Using the Ag‐RDT shortened the detection time by an average of 11 h. The Ag‐RDT is a useful tool for preliminary screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 because it enables rapid detection in infectious individuals and therefore, can counteract unnecessary spread of infection at an early stage.