bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness and safety of topical methimazole 5% monotherapy versus combination of Q‐Switched Nd: YAG Laser and topical methimazole 5% in patients with refractory melasma
Authors: Beyzaee Amir Mohammad , Goldust Mohamad , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Patil Anant , Mostaghiman Reza , Golpour Masoud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionMelasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder which currently has no definitive treatment. Although topical drugs containing hydroquinone are the basis of treatments, they are usually associated with recurrence. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of monotherapy with topical methimazole 5% versus combination of Q‐Switched Nd: YAG Laser and topical methimazole 5% in patients with refractory melasma.MethodsA total of 27 women with refractory melasma were included. We applied topical methimazole 5% (once a day) with three passes of QSNd: YAG laser (Wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse energy: 750 mJ, fluence: 1.50  J/cm2, spot size: 4 × 4 mm, hand piece: fractional, JEISYS company) for six sessions on the right half of the face, and topical methimazole 5% (once a day) on the left half of the face, for each patient. The treatment course was 12 weeks. Evaluation of effectiveness was done with the Physician Global Assessment (PGA), Patient Global Assessment (PtGA), Physician satisfaction (PS), Patients satisfaction (PtS), and mMASI score.ResultsPGA, PtGA, and PtS were not significantly different between the two groups at any time (p > 0.05). PS in the laser plus methimazole group was significantly better than methimazole group at 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks (p < 0.05). The rate of PGA improvement in the combination group was significantly better than the monotherapy over time (p < 0.001). The changes of mMASI score between the two groups did not significantly differ at any time (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the adverse events between the two groups.ConclusionCombination therapy with topical methimazole 5% and QSNY laser can be considered as an effective way to treat refractory melasma.
Squalene epoxidase facilitates cervical cancer progression by modulating tumor protein p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Minhui , Qiao Yan , Lu Yong , Zhu Li , Zheng Lingzhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe mortality of cervical cancer (CC) is quite high and advanced CC is hard to cure. Accordingly, to find the mechanism of CC progression at molecular level is imminent.MethodsThe mRNA expression data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and squalene epoxidase (SQLE) level in the tumor and adjuvant tissues of CC was analyzed. The pathway enrichment analysis of target mRNAs was performed based on the GSEA database. The cancerous tissues and para‐cancerous tissues of CC patients were collected for immunohistochemistry. SQLE and p53 mRNA expression was ensured by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction. SQLE and p53 protein levels were determined by western blot. Cell functional assays focused on evaluating the malignant behaviors of cancer cells in each treatment group. Nude mouse xenograft models were constructed for tumorigenicity analysis.ResultsBioinformatics analysis revealed that SQLE expression was high in CC tissues, which was linked to the poor prognosis. SQLE could affect the p53 signaling pathway. Cell functional assays demonstrated that SQLE expression was promoted in CC cell lines, and overexpressing SQLE facilitated the malignant phenotypes of CC cells, whereas silencing SQLE suppressed CC progression in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the repressed p53 signaling pathway could reverse the effect caused by silenced SQLE.ConclusionSQLE could promote CC progression by modulating the p53 signaling pathway.
You're stressing me out! Effect of interspecific competition from red deer on roe deer physiological stress response
Authors: Franchini M. , Peric T. , Frangini L. , Prandi A. , Comin A. , Rota M. , Filacorda S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone commonly measured to assess adrenocortical activity in vertebrates in response to potential stressors. Competition and habitat quality may act as chronic stressors leading to an increase in cortisol accumulation. Moreover, chronic cortisol concentrations may seriously hamper the reproductive potential, health status and body condition of a species. Using hair collected from the rump of 88 adult roadkill roe deer Capreolus capreolus in the north‐eastern Italy, we aimed to assess the effect of both ungulate competitor population densities and habitat suitability on the long‐term physiological stress response of roe deer, using hair cortisol as a reference parameter. Our findings revealed that roe deer showed higher cortisol concentrations in response to higher red deer Cervus elaphus population density, most likely as a consequence of direct interspecific competition. No significant cortisol changes were however recorded in response to both wild boar Sus scrofa and roe deer population densities, probably as a result of reduced competition because of abundant feeding resources, different species population densities and spatial/temporal avoidance among species. Moreover, the absence of a significant effect as far as habitat suitability is concerned, suggest that roe deer are well adapted to live even in poor quality habitats most likely as long as they are close to better quality habitats which provide access to food resources and refuge sites. Our results highlight the importance of hair cortisol as a suitable parameter to assess physiological chronic stress response towards different environmental/ecological conditions.
The roots of reading for pleasure: Recollections of reading and current habits
Authors: Zare Manzar , Kozak Stephanie , Rodrigues Monyka L. , Martin‐Chang Sandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChildren's early literacy experiences are critical, yet it remains unclear whether memories of early reading instruction continue to be associated with reading habits into adulthood. We examined the association between recollections of reading experiences and present‐day reading habits in an adult population. University students responded in writing to three open‐ended prompts asking about their memories of reading during early childhood, elementary school and high school. They also completed two questionnaires inquiring about reading enjoyment and frequency in elementary school and high school. For the concurrent measures of reading, participants described their current reading habits in an open‐ended prompt and completed an author recognition test. Results showed positive links between favourable memories of reading during elementary and high school years and present‐day reading habits. Conversely, unfavourable memories during high school were associated with unenthusiastic present‐day reading habits. We found that reading instruction in school forms long‐lasting memories, and these memories are linked in meaningful ways with print exposure during adulthood.
Parent body histories recorded in Rumuruti chondrite sulfides: Implications for the onset of oxidized, sulfur‐rich core formation
Authors: Crossley Samuel D. , Ash Richard D. , Sunshine Jessica M. , Corrigan Catherine M. , McCoy Timothy J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModels of planetary core formation beginning with melting of Fe,Ni metal and troilite are not readily applicable to oxidized and sulfur‐rich chondrites containing only trace quantities of metal. Cores formed in these bodies must be dominated by sulfides. Siderophile trace elements used to model metallic core formation could be used to model oxidized, sulfide‐dominated core formation and identify related meteorites if their trace element systematics can be quantified. Insufficient information exists regarding the behavior of these core‐forming elements among sulfides during metamorphism prior to anatexis. Major, minor, and trace element concentrations of sulfides are reported in this study for petrologic type 3–6 R chondrite materials. Sulfide‐dominated core‐forming components in such oxidized chondrites (ƒO2 ≥ iron‐wüstite) follow metamorphic evolutionary pathways that are distinct from reduced, metal‐bearing counterparts. Most siderophile trace elements partition into pentlandite at approximately 10× chondritic abundances, but Pt, W, Mo, Ga, and Ge are depleted by 1–2 orders of magnitude relative to siderophile elements with similar volatilities. The distribution of siderophile elements is further altered during hydrothermal alteration as pyrrhotite oxidizes to form magnetite. Oxidized, sulfide‐dominated core formation differs from metallic core formation models both physically and geochemically. Incongruent melting of pentlandite at 865°C generates melts capable of migrating along solid silicate grains, which can segregate to form a Ni,S‐rich core at lower temperatures compared to reduced differentiated parent bodies and with distinct siderophile interelement proportions.
Application of drone‐captured thermal imagery in aiding in the recovery of meteorites within a snow‐covered strewn field
Authors: Hill Patrick J. A. , Tunney Libby D. , Herd Christopher D. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rapid recovery of meteorites mitigates the exposure of astromaterials to the terrestrial environment and subsequent contamination. Modern fireball observatories have enabled the more accurate triangulation of fireball trajectories, which has aided in the location of strewn fields, in the case of meteorite‐producing events. Despite this advancement, most meteorite searches still use manual searching to locate any meteorite falls, which is often labor‐intensive and has a slow coverage rate (km2 day−1). Recent work has begun exploring the application of drone technology to the recovery of meteorites; however, most of this work has focused on falls in arid environments. Our study examines the utilization of drones with thermal imaging technology to aid in the recovery of meteorites that have fallen on a snow‐covered field. We created a simulated strewn field that included meteorite specimens as well as Earth rocks with similar properties (“meteowrongs”). Thermal imagery was utilized to determine whether the thermal contrast between meteorites and snow could aid in the identification of meteorites. We found that the thermal contrast was significant enough that meteorites were readily identifiable within thermal images; however, it was not significant enough to distinguish between the meteorites and the meteowrongs. The utilization of thermal imagery in conjunction with visible imagery has the potential to aid in the rapid recovery of meteorites in snow‐covered landscapes.
High amplitude propagated contractions with Glycerin versus Bisacodyl: A within‐subject comparison in children undergoing colonic manometry
Authors: Mansi Sherief , Bahia Gracielle , Patel Dhiren , Dorfman Lev , El‐Chammas Khalil , Fei Lin , Liu Chunyan , Santucci Neha R. , Graham Kahleb , Kaul Ajay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of high amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs) measured by colonic manometry (CM) reflect an intact neuromuscular function of the colon. Bisacodyl and Glycerin are colonic stimulants that induce HAPCs and are used for the treatment of constipation. HAPCs characteristics with each drug have not been compared before. We aimed to compare the HAPC characteristics with Bisacodyl and Glycerin in children undergoing CM for constipation.MethodsThis is a prospective single‐center cross‐over study of children aged 2–18 years undergoing CM. All patients received both Glycerin and Bisacodyl during CM. They were randomized to group A with Bisacodyl first (n = 22) and group B with Glycerin first (n = 23), with 1.5 hours in between each dose. Differences in patient and HAPC characteristics between groups were summarized using descriptive statistics and compared using Chi‐square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test as appropriate.Key ResultsA total of 45 patients were included. HAPCs post Bisacodyl had a longer duration of action (median of 40 vs 21.5 min, p < 0.0001), longer propagation (median of 70 vs 60 cm, p = 0.02), and more HAPCs (median of 10 vs 5, p < 0.0001) compared Glycerin. No differences were found in the HAPC amplitude and onset of action between both medications.
Improving access to gut‐directed hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome in the digital therapeutics' era: Are mobile applications a “smart” solution?
Authors: Hasan Syed S. , Ballou Sarah , Keefer Laurie , Vasant Dipesh H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGut‐directed hypnotherapy (GDH) is a highly effective brain‐gut behavioral therapy which is recommended in international guidelines for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There is increasing recognition of the value of GDH as part of integrated care alongside medical and dietary approaches. This has led to recent innovations to widen access to GDH to meet the increasing demand. Recent advances include streamlined courses of individualized GDH, group therapy, and remote delivery. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Peters et al. retrospectively report outcomes of smartphone app‐delivered GDH in a population with self‐reported IBS. While adherence was low, those that completed smart phone‐delivered GDH‐achieved symptom benefit. This mini‐review summarizes the current evidence‐base for available modalities of GDH and discusses the current and future utility and development of mobile health applications in the digital therapeutics' era.
Climate change and river water pollution: An application to the Ganges in Kanpur
Authors: Batabyal Amitrajeet A. , Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe provide a theoretical framework to analyze how climate change influences the Ganges and how this influence affects pollution in the river caused by tanneries in Kanpur, India. We focus on two tanneries, and that are situated on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather and leather production requires the use of noxious chemicals. Tannery is situated upstream from tannery Tannery leather production depends on labor use but tannery leather production depends on labor use, the chemical waste generated by tannery and the natural pollution absorbing capacity of the Ganges. In this setting, we perform four tasks. First, we construct a metric that measures the climate change induced mean reduction in the natural capacity of the Ganges to absorb pollution in the time interval Second, we use this metric and determine the equilibrium production of leather by both tanneries in the benchmark case in which there is no pollution. Third, we ascertain how the benchmark equilibrium is altered when tannery accounts for the negative externality foisted upon it by tannery Finally, we study the impact on leather production and on labor use when the two tanneries merge and then discuss the policy implications stemming from our research.
Glycation promotes pulp calcification in Type 2 diabetes rat model
Authors: Takashima Aoi , Miura Jiro , Sugiyama Keita , Shimizu Masato , Okada Misa , Otani Tomohiro , Nagashima Tadashi , Tsuda Tetsuya , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesIntrapulpal calcifications can occur in the dental pulp of patients with diabetes. We focused on the association between ectopic calcifications in the dental pulp and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT)‐fatty rats, an obese type 2 diabetic rat model, to determine the mechanism of calcification with pulp stone in the dental pulp.Materials and MethodsPathologic calcification in the dental pulp of SDT‐fatty rats was observed using electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, mechanical analysis of periapical region of molar tooth against occlusal force was performed.ResultsIn SDT‐fatty rats, pathogenic pulpal calcifications occurred during blood glucose elevation after 6 weeks, and granular calcification was observed in the dental pulp after 11 weeks. Pentosidine, a major AGE, and the receptor for AGEs were strongly expressed in the dental pulp of SDT‐fatty rats. S100A8, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 also showed positive response in the dental pulp of the SDT‐fatty rat, which indicated pulpal inflammation. Blood flow disorder and hypoxic dental pulp cells were also observed. In silico simulation, strain from occlusal force concentrates on the root apex.ConclusionsGlycation makes blood vessels fragile, and occlusal forces damage the vessels mechanically. These are factors for intrapulpal calcification of diabetes.
Extra‐articular Blocking Technique to Resolve Severe Acetabular Bone Defect in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Xu Zhonghua , Li Ziqiang , Li Jie , Zhang Yiling , Wang Min , Zhang Yuan 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe reconstruction of acetabular bone defect in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a great challenge. Although several successful solutions have been raised, their efficacy and reliability have not been fully substantiated. This work aims to present a simple, economic and effective acetabular reconstructive technique to resolve the massive acetabular bone defect in DDH scenario.MethodsThis is a case series and observational study investigating the effectiveness and safety of extra‐articular blocking technique in patients diagnosed as DDH of Crowe type II‐III and Hartofilakidis B. Sixteen consecutive patients indicated for extra‐articular blocking and treated with total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this series from January 2019 to August 2020. The outcome measures included the surgical indicators such as acetabular coverage, prosthesis position, operational time, medical cost, and short‐term follow‐up indicators such as complications profile, patient‐reported functional scales, overall recovery after surgery, and radiographic bone integration and remodeling. Their medical documentation and follow‐up records were carefully reviewed with ethical approval.ResultsThe mean values of postoperative acetabular component inclination and anteversion were 42.3° ± 2.1° and 16.4° ± 1.8°, with an average acetabular coverage of 92.1%. The mean cost reduction for patients treated with this technique compared with those treated with trabecular metal augmentation was 15.3%. The mean time until walking under full‐weight bearing decreased by 3.5 weeks compared with patients treated with autologous bone grafting. Within an average observational period of 18 months, the mean improvements in Harris hip score and WOMAC score were 31 and 22 points, respectively, which were identical to those with bone graft and metal augmentation techniques. No complications such as dislocation, acetabular loosening, periprosthetic joint infection, and limb length discrepancy were recorded. No signs of translucent line formation, third‐party reaction, and wear‐associated osteolysis were identified.ConclusionThe extra‐articular blocking can work simply and effectively to address acetabular bone defect in DDH patients of Crowe II–III and Hartofilakidis B, as evidenced by cost‐effectiveness and instant weight‐bearing advantages, low failure rate, and early osteointegration and remodeling.
Facemasks selectively impair the recognition of facial expressions that stimulate empathy: An ERP study
Authors: Proverbio Alice Mado , Cerri Alice , Gallotta Cristina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests that masks disrupt expression recognition, but the neurophysiological implications of this phenomenon are poorly understood. In this study, 26 participants underwent EEG/ERP recording during the recognition of six masked/unmasked facial expressions. An emotion/word congruence paradigm was used. Face‐specific N170 was significantly larger to masked than unmasked faces. The N400 component was larger for incongruent faces, but differences were more substantial for positive emotions (especially happiness). Anterior P300 (reflecting workload) was larger to masked than unmasked faces, while posterior P300 (reflecting categorization certainty) was larger to unmasked than masked faces, and to angry faces. Face masking was more detrimental to sadness, fear, and disgust than positive emotions, such as happiness. In addition, mask covering did not impair the recognition of angry faces, as the wrinkled forehead and frowning eyebrows remained visible. Overall, facial masking polarized nonverbal communication toward the happiness/anger dimension, while minimizing emotions that stimulate an empathic response.
The degenerate hyperbolic problem for the two‐dimensional nonlinear wave system
Authors: Xiao Wei , Feng Tian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper constructs a local classical solution of degenerate hyperbolic problem for the two‐dimensional nonlinear wave system. To deal with the parabolic degeneracy, we introduce a new set of coordinates to transform the nonlinear wave system to a new system that has explicitly singularity‐regularity structures. By constructing a weighted metric space, we establish the existence of solution for the new system. Returning the solution to the original variables, we obtain the existence of the classical solution for the nonlinear wave system with degenerate boundary value problem.
Antibody response to ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (Covishield®) vaccine in people on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Bhadauria Dharmendra Singh , Tiwari Prachi , Goel Amit , Katiyar Harshita , Kaul Anupma , Mayank  , Aggarwal Amita , Verma Alka , Khetan Dhiraj , Yachha Monika , Behera Manas Ranjan , Yadav Brijesh , Agarwal Kartik , Prasad Narayan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction: People on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have a high risk of COVID‐19 infection and subsequent death. COVID‐19 vaccination is strongly recommended for those on RRT. Data are limited on the immune response of the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19/AZD1222 (Covishield®) vaccine in patients on RRT. Methods: A prospective cohort of adult (age > 18 years), on RRT in the form of hemodialysis were included and received two intramuscular doses of Covishield®. A blood specimen of 5.0 mL was collected at two time points, within a few days before administering the first dose of the vaccine and at 4–16 weeks after the second dose. According to their prior COVID‐19 infection status, the participants were grouped as (i) prior symptomatic COVID‐19 infection, (ii) prior asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection, and (iii) no prior COVID‐19 infection. Results: A large proportion (81%) of participants had anti‐spike antibodies (ASAb) before vaccination, and a reasonable proportion (30%) also had neutralizing antibodies (NAb). The titer of ASAb was relatively low (207 U/mL) before vaccination. The ASAb titer (9405 [1635–25,000] U/mL) and percentage of NAb (96.4% [59.6–98.1%]) were markedly increased following the administration of two doses of the vaccine. The participants' prior COVID‐19 exposure status did not influence the rise in ASAb titer and NAb percentage. Further, administering two doses of the Covishield vaccine helps them achieve a high ASAb titer. Conclusion: Two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19/AZD1222 (Covishield®) vaccine, given 12 weeks apart, achieve a high titer of ASAb and a high percentage of NAb in people on hemodialysis.