bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error on the stopping power ratio of ERKODENT's mouthpiece for head and neck carbon ion radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Lee Sung Hyun , Kanai Takayuki , Souda Hikaru , Miyasaka Yuya , Chai Hongbo , Ono Takuya , Yamazawa Yoshifumi , Suzuki Koji , Sato Azusa , Katsumata Masashi , Iwai Takeo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe errors on the stopping power ratio (SPR) of mouthpiece samples from ERKODENT were evaluated. Erkoflex and Erkoloc‐pro from ERKODENT and samples that combined Erkoflex and Erkoloc‐pro were computed tomography (CT)‐scanned using head and neck (HN) protocol at the East Japan Heavy Ion Center (EJHIC), and the values were averaged to obtain the CT number. The integral depth dose of the Bragg curve with and without these samples was measured for 292.1, 180.9, and 118.8 MeV/u of the carbon‐ion pencil beam using an ionization chamber with concentric electrodes at the horizontal port of the EJHIC. The average value of the water equivalent length (WEL) of each sample was obtained from the difference between the range of the Bragg curve and the thickness of the sample. To calculate the difference between the theoretical and measured values, the theoretical CT number and SPR value of the sample were calculated using the stoichiometric calibration method. Compared with the Hounsfield unit (HU)‐SPR calibration curve used at the EJHIC, the SPR error on each measured and theoretical value was calculated. The WEL value of the mouthpiece sample had an error of approximately 3.5% in the HU‐SPR calibration curve. From this error, it was evaluated that for a mouthpiece with a thickness of 10 mm, a beam range error of approximately 0.4 mm can occur, and for a mouthpiece with a thickness of 30 mm, a beam range error of approximately 1 mm can occur. For a beam passing through the mouthpiece in HN treatment, it would be practical to consider a mouthpiece margin of 1 mm to avoid beam range errors if ions pass through the mouthpiece.
Actively Tunable Spectral Filter for Compact Hyperspectral Camera Using Angle‐Sensitive Plasmonic Structures
Authors: Ahn Myeong‐Su , Jeon Jaehun , Hwang Charles Soon Hong , Jeon Daniel S. , Kim Min H. , Jeong Ki‐Hun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHyperspectral imaging provides enhanced classification and identification of veiled features for diverse biomedical applications such as label‐free cancer detection or non‐invasive vascular disease diagnostics. However, hyperspectral cameras still have technical limitations in miniaturization due to the inherently complex and bulky configurations of conventional tunable filters. Herein, a compact hyperspectral camera using an active plasmonic tunable filter (APTF) with electrothermally driven spectral modulation for feature‐augmented imaging is reported. APTF consists of angle‐sensitive plasmonic structures (APS) over an electrothermal MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) actuator, fabricated by combining nanoimprint lithography, and MEMS fabrication ona 6‐inch wafer. APS have a complementary configuration of Au nanohole and nanodisk arrays supported on asilicon nitride membrane. APTF shows a large angular motion at operational voltages of 5–9 VDC for continuous spectral modulation between 820 and 1000 nm (45 nm/V). The compact hyperspectral camera was fully packaged with a linear polarizer, APTF and amonochromatic camera, exhibiting asize of 16 mm (ϕ) × 9.5 mm (h). Feature‐augmented images of subcutaneous vein and a fresh fruit have been successfully demonstrated after the hyperspectral reconstruction and spectral feature extraction. This functional camera provides a new compact platform for point‐of‐care or in vivo hyperspectral imaging in biomedical applications.
Multifunctional Ultraviolet Laser Induced Graphene for Flexible Artificial Sensory Neuron
Authors: Long Haotian , Lin Xinhuang , Wang Yuyuan , Mao Huiwu , Zhu Ying , Zhu Yixin , Fu Chuanyu , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic perceptual system (NPS) is inspired by the interaction between organisms and environment, which has boosted many emerging fields like human–machine interfaces and bionic robots. Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) can be a fast, low cost, and accurate patterning technology toward a flexible and biological plausible NPS. While, to unleash the full potential of LIG, thorny issues like low endurance and limited stretchability should be addressed. Herein, high‐performance ultraviolet LIG (UV‐LIG) based sensors and electrodes are introduced for building flexible artificial sensory neuron (ASN). The UV‐LIG can be fabricated with a fine linewidth of ≈75 µm and a high conductivity of 3900 ± 150 S cm−1, which facilitates the demonstration of LIG toolbox, containing bending sensors, flexible heaters, etc. The transferred LIG electrodes retain good conducting property (only ≈12.7% increment in resistance) and enable large stretchability (up to 150% strain), outperforming most of the LIG‐based strain sensors. As a proof‐of‐concept, an artificial sensory neuron that is able to mimic the strain perception of somatosensory system is realized based on the integration of LIG‐based functional components and an InGaZnO (Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide, IGZO)‐based synaptic transistor. This work can provide an efficient patterning methodology as well as essential components for neuromorphic perceptual systems.
Print‐Light‐Synthesis of Gold Thin Film Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Maiorano Emanuela , Gianvittorio Stefano , Lanzi Massimiliano , Tonelli Domenica , Pick Horst , Lesch Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe one‐step fabrication of gold films by inkjet printing of a gold precursor ink and its photochemical reduction by exposure to UV light is presented. Inkjet printing creates on a substrate with high control micrometer‐thin reaction volumes in which upon direct high‐intensity light irradiation, the gold precursor reduces to pure and well‐adhered Au particles, while all other ink components escape in the gas phase, without the need for any further post‐treatment. The Au precursor ink does neither contain stabilizing agents, such as polymers or surfactants, nor sacrificial compounds, such as photoinitiators, to initiate and accelerate the reduction. This economic and green process is known as Print‐Light‐Synthesis (PLS) and is herein used to create gold patterns of thin compact Au films and separated Au nanoparticles. Gold loadings are in the µg cm−2 range and precisely controlled, thanks to the inkjet printing parameters. The gold films are characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Finally, the applicability of Au films as electrochemical sensors is demonstrated for the detection of 1,4‐butanediol in comparison to a commercial screen‐printed Au electrode. The PLS Au electrode shows a 20 times higher sensitivity and opens new possibilities for disposable electrode production.
Construction of Multifunctional Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Infrared Stealth Based on Magnetic Phase Change Capsules and Silicone Rubber Foam
Authors: Zhang Zetian , Liu Yang , Yang Xiaohan , Li Fufen , Liang Ze , Yong Yong , Dai Songbo , Li Zhengjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFunctionalization of phase change capsules is recognized as one of the promising technologies to improve energy efficiency and promote their versatile application. Herein, a new magnetic phase change capsule (NiFe2O4‐encapsulated phase change material (EPCM)) composed of paraffin wax core and SiO2‐NiFe2O4 double‐layer shell is designed. The prepared NiFe2O4‐EPCMs possess sensitive magnetic response, excellent thermal management performance, and enhanced thermal stability. In particular, the representative NiFe2O4‐EPCM‐4 has the highest saturation magnetization (8.41 emu · g−1) and high enthalpy of 131.2 J · g−1. Subsequently, NiFe2O4‐EPCM‐4 is introduced into silicone rubber foam (SRF) matrix and magnetic composite SRFs (MSRFs) are prepared. The latent heat of MSRF‐3 containing 30% NiFe2O4‐EPCM‐4 can reach 28.9 J g−1 and there is almost no change even after 200 cycles. In comparison with pure SRF, the tensile strength and compressive strength of MSRF‐3 are increased by 167.7% and 941.8%, respectively. Importantly, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of MSRF‐3 is significantly improved from 15.9 to 30.6 dB. Besides, the MSR‐3 can achieve an intriguing infrared stealth function for targets both in human body temperature and high temperature environment. Therefore, this work might stimulate people's interest and inspiration in the design and preparation of multifunctional phase change capsules.
Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Synaptic Transistor for Parallel Data Transmission of Diverse Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Liu Lujian , Chen Qizhen , Zeng Huaan , Shan Liuting , An Chuanbin , Zhuang Bingyong , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial synaptic devices serve as the cornerstone of artificial neural networks, much research is devoted to the development of artificial synaptic devices with multiple functions for the future construction of large‐scale artificial neural networks. By adding optical signal output to traditional synaptic devices, the strategy of transforming the devices from a single electrical interconnection to an optoelectronic interconnection is considered to be an effective way to solve the problem of wire cross‐talk in large‐scale artificial neural networks. Herein, a quantum‐dot light‐emitting synaptic transistor capable of dual output of optoelectronic signals by integrating the functions of light‐emitting transistor and synaptic transistor into a single device is demonstrated for the first time. Based on the novel working mechanism and the excellent optoelectronic properties of quantum dots, the device can exhibit dual responses of electrical and optical signals under electrical pulse stimulation. More importantly, some key synaptic functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, high‐pass filtering properties, and the transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory are successfully simulated in the device. In addition, classical conditioned reflex experiments as well as the processes of learning and forgetting are optically and electrically simulated. This work provides a feasible way to realize multivariate artificial neural networks with high integration and optoelectronic interconnection to transmit information, showing great potential in the development of neuromorphic computing in the future.
Adverse childhood experiences and the development of Down syndrome regression disorder
Authors: Wang Sarah , Patel Lina , Sannar Elise A. , Khoshnood Mellad , Boyd Natalie K. , Mendez Lorena , Spinazzi Noemi A. , Quinn Eileen A. , Rafii Michael S. , Santoro Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDown syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a clinical symptom cluster of acute or subacute neurocognitive regression in otherwise health persons with Down syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate if adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were more prevalent in children with DSRD than those with DS alone. A survey‐based, cohort‐based study was performed. Caregivers of individuals with DSRD with onset of symptoms between age 10 and 30 years and DS alone were administered the ACEs questionnaire via an online REDCap survey. A total of 159 responses were collected after excluding incomplete surveys and those not meeting criteria for DSRD. Individuals with DSRD were not more likely to experience ACEs (p = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.17). In those with ACEs prior to the onset of symptoms, the median time prior was 7 months (interquartile range: 5–10). Individuals with DSRD were more likely to report three or more ACEs (52, 33%) compared to those with DS alone (39, 22%) (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.08–2.87). Exposure to ACEs were not predictive of response to particular therapeutic interventions although those with multiple ACEs 3 months prior to the onset of symptoms was associated with lower response rates to benzodiazepines and immunotherapy (p = 0.02, 95% CI: −3.64–−1.13). This study provides preliminary data that individuals with DSRD experience ACEs at a similar rate to individuals with only DS alone, although three or more ACEs, often preceding the onset of symptoms, was more prevalent in individuals with DSRD.
Tuneable structural and optical properties of inorganic mixed halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Suhail Atif , Teron Gunadeep , Yadav Ankur , Bag Monojit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHighly fluorescent cesium lead‐based (CsPbX3, X═Br, Cl, I) inorganic metal halide perovskites semiconductors have gained immense popularity in the last decade due to the economic and straightforward fabrication techniques involved in these materials along with their excellent electrical and optoelectronic properties. Cesium lead halide nanocrystals are well known for their fluorescence in the visible region with extremely high internal quantum efficiencies; thus making them highly suitable for the fabrication of efficient light‐emitting diodes, transistors and photodetectors. Although perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are more fluorescent compared to their bulk counterpart, there have been very few reports on the synthesis and characterization of CsPbX3 perovskite NCs. In this work, we have synthesized and investigated the CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr2I NCs to understand the fundamental optoelectronic properties and structural integrity in mixed halide perovskite NCs. We have estimated ~10 nm average particle size of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals from the high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) while CsPbBr2I has ~16 nm average particle size with slightly higher polydispersity. Most interestingly, we do not observe any phase segregation of bromide and iodide ions in mixed halide perovskite quantum dots due to finite size effect. This is also confirmed by the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping data. However, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are relatively more stable than the mixed halide perovskite nanocrystals due to fewer defects. Anomalous behavior is observed in the photoluminescence intensity with the variation of precursor concentration indicating a complex nature nanoparticle synthesis.
Lessons Learned in Biofiltration
Authors: McKie Michael J. , Curl Jason M. 
Published: April 2023

Key TakeawaysResearch and operational experience have proved biofiltration's success, answering many questions that utilities considering it for treatment may have.Determining treatment objectives is the best starting point for water providers that are new to biofiltration.Upon full‐scale implementation, operations staff should be familiar with maintenance strategies unique to biofiltration to prevent biological overgrowth.Understanding biofiltration's benefits and applications is an evolving process.
Risk‐Based Long‐Term Renewal Planning and Budget Forecasting for Aging Pipelines
Authors: Chakraborti Rajat K. , Green Jonathan M. , Hollander Maria C. , Erichsen George A. , Hogan Edward F. , Kaur Jagjit , Lopezcalva Enrique , Santucci Miranda 
Published: April 2023

Key TakeawaysStrategic planning for pipe renewal and replacement (R&R) is key to saving money, maintaining high‐quality service to customers, and preventing catastrophic infrastructure failures.A proactive capital improvement plan involves condition assessment, risk analysis, project prioritization, and creation of an R&R schedule, giving priority to pipes most in need.Scenario analysis using a powerful simulation model provides a systemwide forecast that is instrumental in planning, budgeting, and making the most of utility assets.
The impact of Down syndrome‐specific non‐malignant hematopoietic regeneration in the bone marrow on the detection of leukemic measurable residual disease
Authors: Hsu Fan‐Chi , Hudson Chad , Wilson Elisabeth R. , Pardo Laura M. , Singleton Timothy P. , Xu Dongbin , Zehentner Barbara K. , Hitzler Johann , Berman Jason , Wells Denise A. , Loken Michael R. , Brodersen Lisa Eidenschink 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDetection of measurable residual disease detection (MRD) by flow cytometry after the first course of chemotherapy is a standard measure of early response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid leukemia associated with Down Syndrome (ML‐DS) is a distinct form of AML. Differences in steady‐state and regenerating hematopoiesis between patients with or without DS are not well understood. This understanding is essential to accurately determine the presence of residual leukemia in patients with ML‐DS.MethodsA standardized antibody panel defined quantitative antigen expression in 115 follow‐up bone marrow (BM) aspirates from 45 patients following chemotherapy for ML‐DS or DS precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL‐DS) with the “difference from normal (ΔN)” technique. When possible, FISH and SNP/CGH microarray studies were performed on sorted cell fractions.Results93% of BM specimens submitted post chemotherapy had a clearly identifiable CD34+CD56+ population present between 0.06% and 2.6% of total non‐erythroid cells. An overlapping CD34+HLA‐DRheterogeneous population was observed among 92% of patients at a lower frequency (0.04%–0.8% of total non‐erythroid cells). In B‐ALL‐DS patients, the same CD34+CD56+ HLA‐DRheterogeneous expression was observed. FACS‐FISH/Array studies demonstrated no residual genetic clones in the DS‐specific myeloid progenitor cells.ConclusionsNon‐malignant myeloid progenitors in the regenerating BM of patients who have undergone chemotherapy for either ML‐DS or B‐ALL‐DS express an immunophenotype that is different from normal BM of non‐DS patients. Awareness of this DS‐specific non‐malignant myeloid progenitor is essential to the interpretation of MRD by flow cytometry in patients with ML‐DS.
Neurophysiology of predictable unpleasant event processing in preadolescents and early adolescents, part I: Event‐related potential markers of unpleasant image anticipation and processing
Authors: Sege Christopher T. , McTeague Lisa M. , Kegley Molly , Shacklewood Curtisha , Halliday Colleen A. , Calhoun Casey D. , Joseph Jane E. , Adams Zachary W. , Hajcak Greg , Danielson Carla Kmett 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability to anticipate and process predictable unpleasant events, while also regulating emotional reactivity, is an adaptive skill. The current article and a companion in this issue test for potential changes in predictable event processing across the childhood‐to‐adolescence transition, a key developmental period for biological systems that support cognitive/emotional abilities. While the companion article focuses on emotion regulation and peripheral attention modulation in predictable unpleasant contexts, the current paper presents neurophysiological markers of predictable event processing itself. 315 third‐, sixth‐, or ninth‐grade individuals saw 5‐s cues predicting “scary,” “every day,” or uncertain image content; in this paper, cue‐ and picture‐locked event‐related potentials (ERPs) are analyzed. During the cue, early ERP positivities were increased and later slow‐wave negativities were reduced when predicted content was scary as compared with mundane. After picture onset, a picture processing‐related positivity was then increased for scary compared with everyday images regardless of predictability. Cue‐interval data suggest enhanced processing of scary cues and reduced anticipatory processing of scary images—opposite to adults. After event onset, meanwhile, emotional ERP enhancement regardless of predictability is similar to adults and suggests that even preadolescent individuals maintain preferential engagement with unpleasant events when they are predictable.
Trained immunity from the perspective of Plasmodium infection
Authors: Li Jiajie , Liu Lin , Chen Dianhui , Yin Weiguo , Huang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe immune system of vertebrates includes innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and the network between them enables the host to fight against invasions of various pathogens. Recently, studies discovered that immune memory is one of the features of innate immunity, breaking the previous opinion that immune memory exists only in adaptive immunity. Immune memory supports innate immune cells to respond efficiently upon reinfection or restimulation. During the Plasmodium infection, the innate immune system is the first to be triggered, and innate immune cells are activated by components from Plasmodium or Plasmodium‐infected red blood cells. Innate immune cells could be induced to develop memory after the activation and may play an important role in the subsequent infection of Plasmodium or other pathogens and stimulation. This review will discuss the recent findings relevant to trained immunity and Plasmodium infection, facilitating the understanding of the role of trained immunity in malaria and other diseases and the development of therapeutic strategies based on trained immunity.
Investigation of the correlation between brain functional connectivity and ESRD based on low‐order and high‐order feature analysis of rs‐fMRI
Authors: Bai Peirui , Wang Yulong , Zhao Feng , Liu Qingyi , Wang Chengjian , Liu Jun , Qiao Yaqian , Ma Chi , Ren Yande 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of analysis of brain networks in individuals with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is an obstacle to detecting and preventing neurological complications of ESRD.PurposeThis study aims to explore the correlation between brain activity and ESRD based on a quantitative analysis of the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of brain networks. It provides insights into differences in brain functional connectivity between healthy individuals and ESRD patients and aims to identify the brain activities and regions most relevant to ESRD.MethodsDifferences in brain functional connectivity between healthy individuals and ESRD patients were analyzed and quantitatively evaluated in this study. Blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signals obtained through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) were used as information carriers. First, a connectivity matrix of dFC was constructed for each subject using Pearson correlation. Then a high‐order connectivity matrix was built by applying the “correlation's correlation” method. Second, sparsification of the high‐order connectivity matrix was performed using the graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (gLASSO) model. The discriminative features of the sparse connectivity matrix were extracted and sifted using central moments and t‐tests, respectively. Finally, feature classification was conducted using a support vector machine (SVM).ResultsThe experiment showed that functional connectivity was reduced to some degree in certain brain regions of ESRD patients. The sensorimotor, visual, and cerebellum subnetworks had the highest numbers of abnormal functional connectivities. It is inferred that these three subnetworks most likely have a direct relationship to ESRD.ConclusionsThe low‐order and high‐order dFC features can identify the positions where brain damage occurs in ESRD patients. In contrast to healthy individuals, the damaged brain regions and the disruption of functional connectivity in ESRD patients were not limited to specific regions. This indicates that ESRD has a severe impact on brain function. Abnormal functional connectivity was mainly associated with the three functional brain regions responsible for visual processing, emotional, and motor control. The findings presented here have the potential for use in the detection, prevention, and prognostic evaluation of ESRD.