bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritable Traits and Lung Cancer Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pettit Rowland W. , Byun Jinyoung , Han Younghun , Ostrom Quinn T. , Coarfa Cristian , Bondy Melissa L. , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Lung cancer is a complex polygenic disorder. Analysis with Mendelian randomization (MR) allows for genetically predicted risks to be estimated between exposures and outcomes.

Methods:
We analyzed 345 heritable traits from the United Kingdom Biobank and estimated their associated effects on lung cancer outcomes using two sample MR. In addition to estimating effects with overall lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer, and squamous cell lung cancers, we performed conditional effect modeling with multivariate MR (MVMR) and the traits of alcohol use, smoking initiation, average pre-tax income, and educational attainment.

Results:
Univariate MR provided evidence for increased age at first sexual intercourse (OR, 0.55; P = 6.15 × 10−13), educational attainment (OR, 0.24; P = 1.07 × 10−19), average household income (OR, 0.58; P = 7.85 × 10−05), and alcohol usually taken with meals (OR, 0.19; P = 1.06 × 10−06) associating with decreased odds of overall lung cancer development. In contrast, a lack of additional educational attainment (OR, 8.00; P = 3.48 × 10−12), body mass index (OR, 1.28; P = 9.00 × 10−08), pack years smoking as a proportion of life span (OR, 9.93; P = 7.96 × 10−12), and weekly beer intake (OR, 3.48; P = 4.08 × 10−07) were associated with an increased risk of overall lung cancer development.

Conclusions:
Many heritable traits associated with an increased or inverse risk of lung cancer development. Effects vary based on histologic subtype and conditional third trait exposures.

Impact:
We identified several heritable traits and presented their genetically predictable impact on lung cancer development, providing valuable insights for consideration.
COVID-19 digital x-rays forgery classification model using deep learning
Authors: Abd El-Latif Eman I. , Khalifa Nour Eldeen 
Published: August 2023

<p>Nowadays, the internet has become a typical medium for sharing digital<br />images through web applications or social media and there was a rise in<br />concerns about digital image privacy. Image editing software’s have prepared<br />it incredibly simple to make changes to an image's content without leaving<br />any visible evidence for images in general and medical images in particular.<br />In this paper, the COVID-19 digital x-rays forgery classification model<br />utilizing deep learning will be introduced. The proposed system will be able<br />to identify and classify image forgery (copy-move and splicing) manipulation.<br />Alexnet, Resnet50, and Googlenet are used in this model for feature extraction<br />and classification, respectively. Images have been tampered with in three<br />classes (COVID-19, viral pneumonia, and normal). For the classification of<br />(Forgery or no forgery), the model achieves 0.9472 in testing accuracy. For<br />the classification of (Copy-move forgery, splicing forgery, and no forgery),<br />the model achieves 0.8066 in testing accuracy. Moreover, the model achieves<br />0.796 and 0.8382 for 6 classes and 9 classes problems respectively.<br />Performance indicators like Recall, Precision, and F1 Score supported the<br />achieved results and proved that the proposed system is efficient for detecting<br />the manipulation in images.</p><div align="center"> </div>
First record of the heart urchin Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the coastal region of Paraná, southern Brazil
Authors: Guilherme Pablo Damian Borges , Bueno Maristela de Lima , Metri Rafael , Baptista-Metri Cassiana , Loose Robin Hilbert , Tavares Yara Aparecida Garcia 
Published: August 2023

This study presents the first record of the cordiform echinoid Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) (Echinoidea: Spatangoida: Brissidae) in Paraná’s shallow inner shelf, in addition to a brief description of its location, body measurements, sex determination, and reproductive status. Two specimens were recorded between 2015 (bycatch by artisanal fishing) and 2016 (observed by scuba diving). The only specimen – with severe signs of weakness – captured was donated to Associação MarBrasil and kept in an aquarium for rehabilitation (8 days), where it was possible to observe digging movements, burying skills (partially), and camouflage or covering behavior. The organism was sent to the UNESPAR campus of Paranaguá and was photographed, measured (length: 155.65 mm, width: 118.93 mm, and maximum test height: 41.31 mm), fixed, and properly preserved. Digitized images of the histological preparation showed that it was a female in the recovery stage (or nutritional reserve) of the reproductive cycle. Regardless of their limitations, the current records for the Brissidae family in South Atlantic are still concentrated on the Brazilian coast, contributing to the understanding of zoogeographic, ecological, morphophysiological, and behavioral aspects of the spatangoid echinoids.
The Cradle of the Makonde Nation of Mozambique Torn between Wars of Wealth
Authors: Mkuti Sky L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The cradle of the Makonde Nation of Mozambique is historically rich with unmatched artefacts that convey experienced socio-political struggles and unique heritage. The Makonde nation fought heroic wars that led to the end of imperialism as well as colonialism, and ultimately led to the liberation of Mozambique in 1975 from Portugal. The post-independent era, however, was marred by a 16-year-long civil war that left socio-political and economic bruises on the entire country and to a certain extent destabilised the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In 1992, a civil war erupted, and the attainment of peace became elusive. The unresolved socio-economic and political attrition between the ruling Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) and the opposition Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) contributed to the internal political crisis which compounded inequalities and socio-economic imbalances. Subsequently, opportunist transnational actors such as Al-Shabaab exploited these conditions in the frail yet minerally wealthy region of Cabo Delgado. The proceeding unfolding of events reveals the implications of unresolved past conflicts potentially escalating into complex conflicts – terrorism. Reflecting on past struggles and their influence on present conflicts, a qualitative methodology employing a desktop approach with documental and historical data analysis to determine how the prospects for full-scale peace, economic development, and sustainable security and stability can be attained. The question is: to what extent do the drivers of resource conflict contribute to radicalism and violent extremism as is the case of Cabo Delgado, in Mozambique? This paper argues that apart from other regional dimensions such as border proximity with terror-prone states such as Tanzania, the ill-management of natural resources and ambiguous approaches to the resolution of internal conflicts create conditions for terrorism in Cabo Delgado. The interdependence and cooperation perspective presents opportunities where collective implementation of robust counterterror strategic plans may effectively redress the associated resource conflict challenges in Mozambique.
Association of Frailty With Post-Operative Outcomes of Older Adults Undergoing Elective Ostomy Reversal
Authors: Braschi Caitlyn , Salzman Garrett A. , Russell Marcia M. 
Published: August 2023

Background Ostomy reversal is a common surgical procedure; however, it is not without associated risks. Patient selection for this elective procedure is therefore critically important. Elderly patients represent a growing population and a substantial proportion of patients that present for evaluation after ostomy creation due to the most common etiologies. This study aims to assess the impact of frailty on the outcomes of ostomy reversal among older adults. Methods Patients ≥65 years who underwent ostomy reversal from 2015 to 2019 were identified in the NSQIP database. Frailty was calculated using the 5-item Modified Frailty Index (MFI). Multivariate regression was performed to evaluate the association of frailty with post-operative 30-day mortality, 30-day serious complications, discharge to a facility, and 30-day readmission. Results A total of 13,053 patients were included, of which 18.7% were frail (MFI ≥ 2). Patients who underwent colostomy reversal had higher rates of serious complications ( P < .0001) and discharge to facility ( P < .0001) compared to other reversals. In multivariate analysis, frailty was associated with increased odds of serious complications (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31-1.77), discharge to facility (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.79-2.57), and readmission (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46), but not mortality. Frail patients had predicted probabilities 1.4 times higher for serious complications and 1.7-2.2 times greater for discharge to facility than non-frail patients. Conclusions Among older adults undergoing elective ostomy reversal, frailty is independently associated with increased odds of 30-day serious complications, discharge to facility, and 30-day readmission. As a potentially modifiable risk factor, identification of frailty offers the opportunity for shared decision-making and prehabilitation.
Bureaucratic policy work and analytical capacities in central administrations in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain: The results of a comparative survey
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Cavalieri Alice , Pritoni Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Policy analytical capacity is a pivotal source of good governance. Although this capacity can be acquired by decision makers in various ways, it is clear that the internal stock of analytical capacity is strategic in terms of supporting policymaking. This stock can be concentrated in specific types of organisational roles (like policy professionals), but it can also be considered a constitutive component of ordinary bureaucratic work. This paper adopts this latter perspective to analyse the characteristics in terms of policy work and analytical capacities of high-level bureaucrats of the central administrations of the Old Southern Four: Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The data were collected through a large online survey involving more than 1000 high civil servants. The empirical evidence offered shows the high differentiation in terms of policy work and analytical capacities that characterise the four analysed central bureaucracies and confirms that, despite the expected similarities among the four countries, differences are striking and concern almost all dimensions of analysis. Moreover, Spain has a higher stock of policy analytical capacities. Thus, adopting a policy work perspective can be a fruitful lens for analysing whether and how administrative reforms are capable of penetrating the micro dimensions of administrative behaviour. Points for practitioners The paper offers the first comparative analysis of the policy work and the analytical capacities of the central administration in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The results show that, despite the many similarities among the four countries, there are significant differences in terms of ways of working and the held analytical capacities of the high level servants. The offered data show a specific map of policy analytical skills that can be used as a point of departure for designing improvements in high civil servants’ training.
Sleep and Sleep Hygiene of Adolescents With and Without ADHD During COVID-19
Authors: Marten Finja , Keuppens Lena , Baeyens Dieter , Boyer Bianca E. , Danckaerts Marina , Van der Oord Saskia 
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study examined the effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the sleep and sleep hygiene of adolescents with ADHD and comorbid sleep problems and neurotypical adolescents (NT). Method: Four groups (two ADHD and two NT) of in total 100 adolescents (50 ADHD and 50 NT) were included. One ADHD and NT group were tested during many COVID-19 restrictions, the other during few. MANCOVAs were implemented with ADHD diagnosis and level of COVID-19 restrictions as independent and sleep outcomes (subjective and objective total sleep time (TST) and sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep and sleep hygiene problems) as dependent variables. Results: Both groups had a shorter objective TST during the week during many COVID-19 restrictions. Furthermore, adolescents with ADHD had a shorter subjective SOL during the weekend when there were many COVID-19 restrictions, while the SOL of the NT group stayed the same. Conclusion: COVID-19 restrictions are related to the sleep of adolescents with and without ADHD. However, causality and underlying mechanisms need further investigation.
A retrospective study of subcutaneous anchor securement systems in oncology patients
Authors: Hawes Michelle L , McCormick Carol A , Gilbert Gregory E 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Maintaining optimal central venous catheter tip position requires reliable catheter securement. A vital decision about the choice of engineered securement device is often made by what is conveniently available in the insertion kit or default clinical routine. The importance of continuous securement for oncology patients prompted the need for an evaluation of securement options currently available. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of two engineered securement devices to assist the oncology patient in reaching the end of their catheter need. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to assess patients’ ability to finish their therapy with one peripherally inserted central catheter. Implant and explant data for adult oncology patients was evaluated spanning 2007–2021. All patients received a PICC with either an adhesive securement device or a subcutaneous anchor securement system. Results: Partial or complete dislodgement causing the unplanned removal of the PICC occurred at 12% for ASD and 0.4% for SASS ( p < 0.0001). The probability of reaching the end of need with one PICC, regardless of the reason for premature removal, at 2 years for patients with an adhesive securement device was 68% ( n = 944). For patients with a subcutaneous anchored securement device, it was over 95% ( n = 8313). The difference in the probability of reaching the end of the need with one PICC between the two securement devices was calculated at ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: With over 9200 patients and more than a million catheter days, the results of this retrospective study demonstrate the SASS’s superiority in assisting the patient to reach the end of need with a single PICC.
Pretreatment endocrine symptoms and recurrence-free survival among young premenopausal patients with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Danbee , Cho Juhee , Park Seri , Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Seok Won , Lee Jeong Eon , Yu Jonghan , Lee Se Kyung , Kim Ji-Yeon , Nam Seok Jin , Park Yeon Hee 
Published: August 2023

Background: Pretreatment endocrine symptoms in premenopausal patients might be considered as a potential marker of poor prognosis. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate the association between endocrine symptoms prior to treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) among premenopausal patients with breast cancer aged ⩽40 years. Methods: Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study (NCT03131089) conducted at the Samsung Medical Center from 2013 to 2021. We included patients aged ⩽40 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. The primary outcome measure was RFS. Endocrine symptoms were measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Endocrine Symptoms (FACT-ES). We also calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence or all-cause mortality by comparing the tertiles of the FACT-ES score at diagnosis. Results: Among the 977 participants, the mean (standard deviation) age was 35.3 (3.9) years. At diagnosis, 17.2% of the patients had at least one severe endocrine symptom. During 3512 person-years of follow-up, the high symptom group had a worse RFS than the low-symptom group [HR = 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–3.54]. In particular, hot flashes (HR = 5.59; 95% CI = 1.96–15.93) and breast sensitivity (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.00–3.32) were associated with reduced RFS. Conclusion: Close monitoring of pretreatment endocrine symptoms may be important in patients diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age.
New Sesterterpenoid from the Marine Fungus Penicillium oxalicum M893
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hoang Anh , Do Thi Quynh , Nguyen Thuy Linh , Le Thi Hong Minh , Nguyen Mai Anh , Murphy Brian T , Dam Thanh Xuan , Huong Doan Thi Mai , Cuong Pham Van 
Published: August 2023

Objectives The aim of the project was the isolation, structural elucidation, and antimicrobial and antifungal activities of compounds from the culture broth of the marine fungus Penicillium oxalicum M893 (isolated from the marine brown alga Spatoglossum sp.). Methods Combined chromatographic techniques were used to isolate antibacterial and antifungal compounds from the MeOH extract Penicillium oxalicum M893. The structures were elucidated by analyses of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance data. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of compounds were evaluated using the dilution turbidimetric broth method. Results One new sesterterpenoid, oxaliterpenoid (1), and six known compounds, aspergillusidone C (2), nidulin (3), emeguisin B (4), aspergillusether A (5), aspergillusether J (6), and guisinol (7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the culture broth of Penicillium oxalicum M893. All compounds showed potent antibacterial activities against Gram-(+) bacteria, E. faecalis (ATCC299212), S. aureus (ATCC25923), and B. cereus (ATCC14579), and the yeast Candida albicans (ATCC10231), with MIC values ranging from 2 to 128 µg/mL.
Clinical, Biomechanical, and Self-reported Health Status After ACL Reconstruction With Meniscal Repair in Soccer Players: Results at Minimum 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Moretti Lorenzo , Bortone Ilaria , Delmedico Michelangelo , Cassano Danilo Giuseppe , Caringella Nuccio , Bizzoca Davide , Moretti Biagio 
Published: August 2023

Background: Performing meniscal repair with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been shown to contribute to the long-term preservation of knee health and gait biomechanics. Purpose: To evaluate the role of meniscal repair in the performance of semiprofessional soccer players who returned to sport after ACLR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study included 51 male soccer players (mean ± SD age, 28.82 ± 5.33 years) who underwent ACLR at a single institution between July 2018 and July 2019. The players were divided into 3 groups according to surgery type: ACLR only (n = 30), ACLR with lateral meniscal repair (n = 9), and ACLR with medial meniscal repair (n = 12). Outcomes were evaluated through clinical examination, self-reported health questionnaires (Cincinnati Knee Rating System, Tegner activity score, Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and ACL–Return to Sport After Injury), and biomechanical performance evaluations (balance, strength, coordination, and symmetry tests). Parametric and nonparametric tests were carried out for multiple comparisons. Results: The mean ± SD follow-up time was 20.75 ± 9.38 months. Although no significant differences emerged in clinical and self-reported health status, almost all the physical parameters tested resulted in lower performance in players treated with ACLR and meniscal repair. Moreover, patients with ACLR with lateral meniscal repair reported higher pain and fear of reinjury, with lower outcomes in terms of strength, symmetry, and coordination as compared with the other 2 groups. Balance abilities were significantly affected in players who underwent meniscal repair as compared with those who underwent ACLR only. Conclusion: The findings showed that biomechanical performance measures and fear of reinjury were significantly worse in soccer players with associated meniscal repair at a minimum 1-year follow-up, especially in those with a lateral meniscal tear.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in early central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Lange Kristin Sophie , Mourand Isabelle , Coget Arthur , Menjot de Champfleur Nicolas , Ayrignac Xavier , Arquizan Caroline , Scheel Michael , Bohner Georg , Villringer Kersten , Zagroun Charlie , Siebert Eberhard , Danyel Leon Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Restricted retinal diffusion (RDR) has recently been recognized as a frequent finding on standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). However, data on early DWI signal evolution are missing. Patients and methods: Consecutive CRAO patients with DWI performed within 24 h after onset of visual impairment were included in a bicentric, retrospective cross-sectional study. Two blinded neuroradiologists assessed randomized DWI scans for the presence of retinal ischemia. RDR detection rates, false positive ratings, and interrater agreement were evaluated for predefined time groups. Results: Sixty eight CRAO patients (68.4 ± 16.8 years; 25 female) with 72 DWI scans (76.4% 3 T, 23.6% 1.5 T) were included. Mean time-delay between onset of CRAO and DWI acquisition was 13.4 ± 7.0 h. Overall RDR detection rates ranged from 52.8% to 62.5% with false positive ratings in 4.2%–8.3% of cases. RDR detection rates were higher in DWI performed 12–24 h after onset, when compared with DWI acquired within the first 12 h (79.5%vs 39.3%, p < 0.001). The share of false positive ratings was highest for DWI performed within the first 6 h of symptom onset (up to 14.3%). Interrater reliability was “moderate” for DWI performed within the first 18 h (κ = 0.57–0.58), but improved for DWI acquired between 18 and 24 h (κ = 0.94). Conclusion: DWI-based detection of retinal ischemia in early CRAO is likely to be time-dependent with superior diagnostic accuracy for DWI performed 12–24 h after onset of visual impairment.