bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoimmunotherapy with doxorubicin and caffeine combination enhanced ICD induction and T‐cell infiltration in B16F10 melanoma tumors
Authors: Yerragopu Anil Kumar , Vellapandian Chitra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMajority of chemotherapeutic agents can elicit antitumor immunity and modulate the composition, density, function, and distribution of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), to influence differential therapeutic responses and prognosis in cancer patients. The clinical success of these agents, particularly anthracyclines like doxorubicin, not only depends on their cytotoxic activity but also by the enhancement of pre‐existing immunity primarily through induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, resistance for the induction of ICD either intrinsic or acquired is a major hurdle for most of these drugs. To enhance ICD by these agents, it has become clear that blockade of adenosine production or its signaling need to be specifically targeted as they represent highly resistant mechanisms. Given the prominent role of adenosine mediated immunosuppression and resistance to ICD induction in tumor microenvironment, combination strategies that involve ICD induction and adenosine signaling blockade are further warranted. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effect of caffeine and doxorubicin combination therapy against 3‐MCA‐induced and cell‐line induced tumors in mice. Our results demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition by the combination therapy of doxorubicin and caffeine against both carcinogen‐induced and cell‐line induced tumor models. In addition, significant T‐cell infiltration and enhanced ICD induction evidenced by increased intratumoral calreticulin and HMGB1 levels, was observed in B16F10 melanoma mice. The possible mechanism behind the observed antitumor activity might be due to the enhanced ICD induction and subsequent T‐cell infiltration by the combination therapy. To prevent the development of resistance and to enhance the antitumor activity of ICD inducing drugs like doxorubicin, combination with adenosine‐A2A receptor pathway inhibitors like caffeine might be a potential strategy.
Black women's help‐seeking and self‐care strategies: A phenomenological exploration
Authors: Silas Melany J. , Seward Derek X. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin counseling and other mental health disciplines, Black women are underserved, psychologically misdiagnosed, and one of the least researched minoritized cultural populations. We used a hermeneutic phenomenological study to understand the lived experiences of 16 Black women who experienced mental health stress to understand their mental health needs, barriers to mental health care, and help‐seeking and self‐care practices. Findings included the following four themes: perspectives on oppression on mental health, socio‐cultural messages about self‐care and help‐seeking, perspectives about self‐care, and perspectives about professional counseling. Implications for counselors are discussed.
Diagnosis of descending aorta‐pulmonary venous fistula combined with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula by color Doppler ultrasound combined with CT: A case report
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Song Yanping , Niu Huimin , Jiao Ronghong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAorto‐pulmonary venous fistula combined with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is a rare condition with an unknown incidence. We experienced a case of descending aorto‐pulmonary venous fistula combined with a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, which was treated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula embolization and improved.
Baylis–Hillmanadducts as an important synthon for the synthesis of α‐carbolinone and α‐carboline derivatives
Authors: Lenin Dandamudi V. , Malvi Payal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBaylis–Hillman adducts were conveniently transformed into α‐carbolinone and α‐carboline derivatives by monoalkylation of 2‐nitrobenzylcyanide, imide formation/Friedel–Crafts cyclization, and treatment with Fe/AcOH in simple process is described.
Impact and cost‐effectiveness of the national scale‐up of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in South Africa: a modelling analysis
Authors: Stone Jack , Bothma Rutendo , Gomez Gabriela B. , Eakle Robyn , Mukandavire Christinah , Subedar Hasina , Fraser Hannah , Boily Marie‐Claude , Schwartz Sheree , Coetzee Jenny , Otwombe Kennedy , Milovanovic Minja , Baral Stefan , Johnson Leigh F. , Venter Willem Daniel Francois , Rees Helen , Vickerman Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn 2016, South Africa (SA) initiated a national programme to scale‐up pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers (FSWs), with ∼20,000 PrEP initiations among FSWs (∼14% of FSW) by 2020. We evaluated the impact and cost‐effectiveness of this programme, including future scale‐up scenarios and the potential detrimental impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA compartmental HIV transmission model for SA was adapted to include PrEP. Using estimates on self‐reported PrEP adherence from a national study of FSW (67.7%) and the Treatment and Prevention for FSWs (TAPS) PrEP demonstration study in SA (80.8%), we down‐adjusted TAPS estimates for the proportion of FSWs with detectable drug levels (adjusted range: 38.0–70.4%). The model stratified FSW by low (undetectable drug; 0% efficacy) and high adherence (detectable drug; 79.9%; 95% CI: 67.2–87.6% efficacy). FSWs can transition between adherence levels, with lower loss‐to‐follow‐up among highly adherent FSWs (aHR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40–0.85; TAPS data). The model was calibrated to monthly data on the national scale‐up of PrEP among FSWs over 2016–2020, including reductions in PrEP initiations during 2020. The model projected the impact of the current programme (2016–2020) and the future impact (2021–2040) at current coverage or if initiation and/or retention are doubled. Using published cost data, we assessed the cost‐effectiveness (healthcare provider perspective; 3% discount rate; time horizon 2016–2040) of the current PrEP provision.ResultsCalibrated to national data, model projections suggest that 2.1% of HIV‐negative FSWs were currently on PrEP in 2020, with PrEP preventing 0.45% (95% credibility interval, 0.35–0.57%) of HIV infections among FSWs over 2016–2020 or 605 (444–840) infections overall. Reductions in PrEP initiations in 2020 possibly reduced infections averted by 18.57% (13.99–23.29). PrEP is cost‐saving, with $1.42 (1.03–1.99) of ART costs saved per dollar spent on PrEP. Going forward, existing coverage of PrEP will avert 5,635 (3,572–9,036) infections by 2040. However, if PrEP initiation and retention doubles, then PrEP coverage increases to 9.9% (8.7–11.6%) and impact increases 4.3 times with 24,114 (15,308–38,107) infections averted by 2040.ConclusionsOur findings advocate for the expansion of PrEP to FSWs throughout SA to maximize its impact. This should include strategies to optimize retention and should target women in contact with FSW services.
Role of epicardial adipose tissue in human atrial fibrillation
Authors: Takahashi Naohiko , Abe Ichitaro , Kira Shintaro , Ishii Yumi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA recent meta‐analysis among which four reports were conducted in Japan demonstrated that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is closely associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. We previously investigated the role of EAT in AF in humans. Left atrial (LA) appendage samples were obtained from AF patients during cardiovascular surgery. Histologically, the severity of fibrotic EAT remodeling was associated with LA myocardial fibrosis. Total collagen in the LA myocardium (i.e., LA myocardial fibrosis) was positively correlated with proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines/chemokines, including interleukin‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, in EAT. Human peri‐LA EAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained by autopsy. EAT‐ or SAT‐derived conditioned medium was applied to the rat LA epicardial surface using an organo‐culture system. EAT‐conditioned medium induced atrial fibrosis in organo‐cultured rat atrium. The profibrotic effect of EAT was greater than that of SAT. The fibrotic area of the organo‐cultured rat atrium treated with EAT from patients with AF was greater than in patients without AF. Treatment with human recombinant angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (Angptl2) induced fibrosis in organo‐cultured rat atrium, which was suppressed by concomitant treatment with anti‐Angptl2 antibody. Finally, we attempted to detect fibrotic EAT remodeling on computed tomography (CT) images, which demonstrated that the percent change in EAT fat attenuation was positively correlated with EAT fibrosis. Based on these findings, we conclude that the percent change in EAT fat attenuation determined using CT non‐invasively detects EAT remodeling.
Ultrasound‐Based Machine Learning Approach for Detection of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Tahmasebi Aylin , Wang Shuo , Wessner Corinne E. , Vu Trang , Liu Ji‐Bin , Forsberg Flemming , Civan Jesse , Guglielmo Flavius F. , Eisenbrey John R. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesCurrent diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) relies on biopsy or MR‐based fat quantification. This prospective study explored the use of ultrasound with artificial intelligence for the detection of NAFLD.MethodsOne hundred and twenty subjects with clinical suspicion of NAFLD and 10 healthy volunteers consented to participate in this institutional review board‐approved study. Subjects were categorized as NAFLD and non‐NAFLD according to MR proton density fat fraction (PDFF) findings. Ultrasound images from 10 different locations in the right and left hepatic lobes were collected following a standard protocol. MRI‐based liver fat quantification was used as the reference standard with >6.4% indicative of NAFLD. A supervised machine learning model was developed for assessment of NAFLD. To validate model performance, a balanced testing dataset of 24 subjects was used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy with 95% confidence interval were calculated.ResultsA total of 1119 images from 106 participants was used for model development. The internal evaluation achieved an average precision of 0.941, recall of 88.2%, and precision of 89.0%. In the testing set AutoML achieved a sensitivity of 72.2% (63.1%–80.1%), specificity of 94.6% (88.7%–98.0%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.1% (86.0%–96.7%), negative predictive value of 77.3% (71.6%–82.1%), and accuracy of 83.4% (77.9%–88.0%). The average agreement for an individual subject was 92%.ConclusionsAn ultrasound‐based machine learning model for identification of NAFLD showed high specificity and PPV in this prospective trial. This approach may in the future be used as an inexpensive and noninvasive screening tool for identifying NAFLD in high‐risk patients.
Removal efficiency of arsenic in water using desulfurization slag
Authors: Ho Ching‐Lin , Kuo Shu‐Lung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe steel industry in Taiwan produces more than 3 million tons of steelmaking slag per year on average. Conventional solidification and landfilling methods are no longer suitable for the highly populated small island as a wide area is needed for such methods. This study aims to improve the quality of polluted water bodies using desulfurization slag – a recycled product resulted from steelmaking – as an arsenate adsorbent. Experimental results revealed that desulfurization slag pH and metal ions including Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn affected the behavior and content of arsenate existing in an aqueous solution. The concentration of Ca among these metal ions is the highest in the aqueous solution, which facilitates the formation of calcium hydroxyarsenate and is therefore more critically beneficial than other metal ions in removing As in the aqueous solution. Additionally, desulfurization slag samples with particle size of >200 mesh had a greater specific surface area compared to those in other particle sizes, suggesting preferable As adsorption ability of slag with higher mesh numbers. Such desulfurization slag samples were thus used in subsequent adsorption experiments in this study. The energy dispersive spectrometry results confirmed that the >200‐mesh group comprised the highest metal oxide content in terms of As removal. This study found that under different Cl− and SO42− concentrations, the covalent bond effect did not significantly affect the slag's ability to adsorb As. According to the adsorption isotherm experiment results, the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.998) outperformed the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.961) possibly because the former is suitable for situations with even energy distribution and monolayer adsorption, while the latter is often applied to scenarios with uneven distribution and multilayer adsorption, indicating that the adopted desulfurization slag adsorbed arsenate through the mechanism of monolayer adsorption. There are many useful contents in the desulfurization slag. In terms of sustainable use of resources, desulfurization slag is worthy of economic development and reusing if recycled. Currently, there is little research and information on desulfurization slag in Taiwan. Hopefully, this study will be helpful for future development and application of desulfurization slag in recycling techniques.
A high‐resolution submersible oxygen optode system for aquatic eddy covariance
Authors: Granville Kayleigh E. , Berg Peter , Huettel Markus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aquatic eddy covariance technique is increasingly used to determine oxygen (O2) fluxes over benthic ecosystems. The technique uses O2 measuring systems that have a high temporal and numerical resolution. In this study, we performed a series of lab and field tests to assess a new optical submersible O2 meter designed for aquatic eddy covariance measurements and equipped with an existing ultra‐high speed optical fiber sensor. The meter has a 16‐bit digital‐to‐analog‐signal conversion that produces a 0–5 V output at a rate up to 40 Hz. The device was paired with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The combined meter and fiber‐optic O2 sensor's response time was significantly faster in O2‐undersaturated water compared to in O2‐supersaturated water (0.087 vs. 0.12 s), but still sufficiently fast for aquatic eddy covariance measurements. The O2 optode signal was not sensitive to variations in water flow or light exposure. However, the response time was affected by the direction of the flow. When the sensor tip was exposed to a flow from the back rather than the front, the response time increased by 37%. The meter's internal signal processing time was determined to be ~ 0.05 s, a delay that can be corrected for during postprocessing. In order for the built‐in temperature correction to be accurate, the meter should always be submerged with the fiber‐optic sensor. In multiple 21–47 h field tests, the system recorded consistently high‐quality, low‐noise O2 flux data. Overall, the new meter is a powerful option for collecting robust aquatic eddy covariance data.
The medial sural artery perforator flap for retromolar trigone reconstruction: A multicenter case series
Authors: Maruccia Michele , Elia Rossella , De Cosmo Alessio , Cigna Emanuele , Tedeschi Pasquale , Bolletta Alberto , Manrique Oscar J. , Ciudad Pedro , Di Summa Pietro G. , Cherubino Mario , Giudice Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRetromolar trigone (RMT) cancer is a rare malignancy, which develops in a narrow area of the oral cavity. Surgical intervention requires wide excision and appropriate reconstruction usually with a free tissue transfer. Little has been published regarding the ideal microvascular reconstruction, mainly focusing on radial forearm and anterolateral thigh free flap. The medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAP) is not new for head and neck reconstruction but its use for RMT reconstruction has not been previously explored. The purpose of the study is to present a multicentric case series investigating the reliability of MSAP flap for RMT reconstruction.MethodsThe study is designed as a retrospective case series. All patients diagnosed with RMT cancer and undergone surgical resection and immediate reconstruction with a MSAP flap between February 2016 and March 2020 were identified. Patients' demographics and surgical details were collected. Functional results were evaluated using the Head and Neck Module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer at 12 months of follow‐up. A total of 34 patients with a mean age of 58 years were included in the study. An average defect size of 31.5 cm2 was observed after RMT tumor resection.ResultsThe MSAP flaps' average dimensions were 11 ± 3.1 cm in length and 4.7 ± 1.6 cm in width with a mean thickness of 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. No flap complications were observed in 28 cases; four patients developed an orocutaneous fistula. One patient needed surgical revision for venous congestion while only one case of flap failure was observed. At 12 months of follow‐up, 87% of the patient cohort had normal, understandable speech. No patient experienced complete loss of swallowing. Results of the H&N35 module showed a significative postoperative improvement in mouth soreness, mouth opening and social (p < .05*). No patient complained difficulty in motility at the donor site.ConclusionsThe MSAP flap appears to be appropriate for RMT reconstruction and could be considered the workhorse for small to medium size defect of RTM region. It has a long pedicle of matching caliber and provides adequate tissue volume with minimal donor site morbidity.
A robust stress update algorithm for elastoplastic models without analytical derivation of the consistent tangent operator and loading/unloading estimation
Authors: Lu Dechun , Zhang Yaning , Zhou Xin , Su Cancan , Gao Zhiwei , Du Xiuli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA robust and concise implicit stress integration algorithm of elastoplastic models is presented. It does not require the loading/unloading estimation and analytical derivation operation for the stress update. First, the elastoplastic stress update problem is recast into an unconstrained minimization problem by utilizing the smooth function to bypass the loading/unloading estimation. Then, the object problem is solved by the line search method instead of the Newton method for better convergence. The consistent tangent operator is evaluated by the complex step derivative approximation without the subtraction cancellation error, which provides the quadratic convergence rate of global iteration. The rationality of the numerical consistent tangent operator is validated by the one obtained by the analytical derivation. A recently developed non‐orthogonal elastoplastic (NEP) clay model is implemented using the new algorithm. The algorithm is confirmed through comparing the numerical solution and the analytical one for a cavity expansion problem. The algorithm performance is assessed based on a series of geotechnical boundary value problems. It is found that the new algorithm is more robust than the one employed by ABAQUS. The source code of the model implementation can be downloaded from https://github.com/zhouxin615.
Topology optimization of bi‐material shell structures in shallow sea for reducing waveguide sound radiation
Authors: Zhai Jingjuan , Shang Linyuan , Miao Yuyue , Fu Ning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious studies on topology optimization against exterior sound radiation have mainly focused on free‐face and half‐face problems. In contrast, the waveguide sound radiation problem is a finite domain problem, and the topology optimization work on the latter is challenging due to the complexity of multiple physical couplings. This paper presents a topology optimization approach for designing bi‐material distributions on vibrating shell structures in the shallow sea waveguide. The combined method of the finite element method, the virtual mass method, and the image method‐based boundary element method is adopted for the system response analysis, where the coupling of the direct sound waves and the reflected sound waves from the free sea surface and the rigid seabed, as well as the strong interaction between the structural and fluid domains, are considered. In this context, a new sensitivity analysis of waveguide sound pressure is proposed. In the optimization problem, the design variables are the volumetric densities of design material elements in a bi‐material model constructed by the solid isotropic material with penalization method, and the minimization of sound pressure level at a reference field point in the waveguide domain is taken as the design objective. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the correctness of the sensitivity analysis approach and the validity of the proposed optimization procedure, and several factors on the optimized designs are also discussed.
Breaking down re‐enrollment barriers for adult learners improves the college experience for all students
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: February 2023

CHICAGO — Re‐engaging your stopped‐out adult learners can be an effective tool in your arsenal for dramatically boosting completion rates, not to mention changing the lives of the students in your community. “We know who [these students] are: when they stopped out, why they stopped out. It's rarely that they failed out, but more likely they ‘lifed’ out in some way,” Tony Sheppard, Professor and Program Coordinator of Hospital Management & Tourism at Sacramento State University said.