bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of lycopene on TiO2 nanoparticle‐induced damage in the liver of mice
Authors: Chang Hongmei , Li Li , Deng Yaxin , Song Guanling , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) is one of the most widely used and produced nanomaterials. Studies have demonstrated that nano‐TiO2 could induce hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress, and lycopene has strong antioxidant capacity. The present study aimed to explore if lycopene protects the liver of mice from nano‐TiO2 damage. Ninety‐six ICR mice were randomly divided into eight groups. They were control group, nano‐TiO2‐treated group (50 mg/kg BW), lycopene‐treated groups (5, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW), and 50 mg/kg BW nano‐TiO2‐ and lycopene‐co‐treated groups (nano‐TiO2 + 5 mg/kg BW of lycopene, nano‐TiO2 + 20 mg/kg BW of lycopene, nano‐TiO2 + 40 mg/kg BW of lycopene). After treated by gavage for 30 days, the histopathology of the liver was observed. Liver function was evaluated using changes in serum biochemical indicators of the liver (AST, ALT, ALP); and the level of ROS was indirectly reflected by the level of SOD, GSH‐Px, MDA, GSH, and T‐AOC. TUNEL assay was performed to examine the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Proteins of p53, cleaved‐caspase 9, cleaved‐caspase 3, Bcl‐2, and Bax as well as p38 were detected. Results showed that lycopene alleviated the liver pathological damage and reduced the injury to liver function induced by nano‐TiO2, as well as decreased nano‐TiO2‐induced ROS. Meanwhile, lycopene mitigated apoptosis resulting from nano‐TiO2, accompanied by the reversed expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. Furthermore, lycopene significantly reversed the upregulation of p‐p38 induced by nano‐TiO2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that nano‐TiO2 resulted in hepatocyte apoptosis through ROS/ROS‐p38 MAPK pathway and led to liver function injury. Lycopene protected mice liver against the hepatotoxicity of nano‐TiO2 through antioxidant property.
Attribution of observed extreme marine wind speeds and associated hazards to midlatitude cyclone conveyor belt jets near the British Isles
Authors: Gentile Emanuele S. , Gray Suzanne L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtreme wind speeds, gusts, and wind wave heights associated with midlatitude cyclones pose a hazard to shipping lanes and offshore infrastructure operating in the North Atlantic Ocean seas surrounding the British Isles. Several studies have assessed the variability of wind and waves in this region using reanalyses, but few have used surface observations of extreme wind speeds and wave heights. Here, we use a network of marine surface stations to derive the 2012–2020 climatology of daily maximum wind speed events. An algorithm is used to attribute the extreme wind events, characterized as exceeding the 20 and 25 m·s−1 thresholds, to the cyclone warm conveyor belt (WCB), and early (CCBa) and returning (CCBb) cold conveyor belt jets; cyclones are matched with up to 90% of extreme wind events. The CCBb is most frequently associated with the strong wind speeds, accounting for 46 and 59% of the events exceeding the two thresholds, respectively. The CCBb also leads to the largest number of compound wind and wave hazard events (37 out of 87). Although the WCB is associated with the second largest number of extreme wind events, the CCBa accounts for the second largest number of compound extreme wind and wave events (24). The ERA5 reanalysis underestimates the observed extreme wind speeds, and associated gusts and wind‐wave heights, during extreme wind events for all the conveyor belt jets. The wind speeds and associated gusts are most underestimated, by median values of 4.5 and 5.5 m·s−1, respectively, and similar percentage error (), when associated with the CCBb; however, the wind‐wave heights are most underestimated, by a median of 3.4 m, when associated with the CCBa. Hence, while the marine CCBb jet, found in mature cyclones, is both most hazardous and underestimated in the ERA5 near the British Isles, the CCBa jet can be nearly as hazardous when considering compound wind‐wave events.
Severity of winters in the Czech Republic during the 1961–2021 period and related environmental impacts and responses
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Zahradníček Pavel , Chromá Kateřina , Dobrovolný Petr , Dolák Lukáš , Řehoř Jan , Zahradník Petr 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses temperature and snow patterns of winters (December–February) averaged for the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1961–2021 period and their broad environmental impacts and responses. Series of mean, maximum, minimum, absolute maximum and absolute minimum temperatures show significant increasing linear trends, while decreasing trends were detected in numbers of frost, ice and extremely cold days, duration of cold waves, snowfall days, sums of heights of new snow, days with snow depths ≥1 cm, mean and maximum snow depths. The winter severity, derived from five temperature and five snow variables and expressed by temperature/snow scores, indicates decreasing severity of winters for 1961–2021, in which temperature severity is more pronounced than that of snow. Decreasing winter severity is in line with decreasing frequency of cyclonic and directional circulation types according to objective classification, while the trend in anticyclonic types was opposite. Types with maritime airflow from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean contribute to milder and types with continental airflow from the east to colder winters. The coldest winters, 1962/1963 and 1984/1985, and the mildest winters, 2006/2007 and 2019/2020, were analysed in greater detail. Concerning of different analysed environmental impacts, they are influenced not only by severe winter weather, but also by political, socioeconomic and general environmental changes in the country. In line with decreasing winter severity were only statistically significant decreasing trends in proportions of traffic accidents connected with snow and glaze ice on the roads and volumes of damaged wood due to high weights of snow and ice deposit, expressed as salvage felling. Series of other environmental impacts (e.g., fatalities attributed to weather, impacts on the economy and society) reflect rather severity of individual winters and express high interannual variability without any representative trends.
Early glacier advance in New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal
Authors: Tielidze Levan G. , Eaves Shaun R. , Norton Kevin P. , Mackintosh Andrew N. , Pedro Joel B. , Hidy Alan J. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTGlacial landscapes preserve records of past climate change. Investigating the glacier–climate system over the Late Quaternary provides information about past climate change and context for present‐day glacier response to climate warming. Using 28 beryllium‐10 (10Be) surface exposure dates and snowline reconstructions, we present glacier fluctuations and climate changes for the Antarctic Cold Reversal in the Ahuriri River catchment, Southern Alps of New Zealand (44°7′50″S, 169°38′29″E). Prominent terminal and lateral moraine features from the upper right tributary of the Ahuriri River valley have exposure ages of 14.5 ± 0.3, 13.6 ± 0.3 and 12.6 ± 0.2 ka, suggesting retreat of the glacier during the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) suggest snowline elevations at these ages were ≤700, ≤630 and ~360 m lower than today, respectively. This equates to air temperatures ≤3.9, ≤3.5 and 2.3 ± 0.7 °C lower than today (1981–2010), assuming no changes in past precipitation. Ice‐sculpted bedrock surfaces bound by a lateral moraine at nearby Canyon Creek have an age of 13.1 ± 0.3 ka, indicating the moraine correlates with those in the Ahuriri upper right tributary. MELM and AAR reconstructions from the Canyon Creek suggest that snowline elevations at 14.5–13.6 ka were ≤500 or ~380 m lower than today, corresponding to air temperatures ≤2.8 or 2.4 ± 0.7 °C lower than the present‐day (1981–2010). Our results provide insight into the structure of the Antarctic Cold Reversal in the Southern Alps, showing that the largest glacier advance occurred at the start of this interval at c. 14.5 ± 0.3 ka and was followed by gradual retreat. We hypothesize that the early cooling and glacier readvance in New Zealand at the onset of the Antarctic Cold Reversal were triggered by a latitudinal shift of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt.
A cautionary note on the use of G‐computation in population adjustment
Authors: Vo Tat‐Thang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a recent issue of the Journal; Remiro‐Azócar et al. introduce a new method to adjust for population difference between two trials; when the individual patient data (IPD) are only accessible for one study. The proposed method generates the covariate data for the trial without IPD; then using a G‐computation approach to transport information about the treatment effect from the other study with IPD to this trial. The authors advocate the use of G‐computation over matching‐adjusted indirect comparison because (i) the former allows for “useful extrapolation” when there is poor case‐mix overlap between populations; and (ii) nonparametric; data‐adaptive methods can be used to reduce the risk of (outcome) model misspecification. In this commentary; we provide a different perspective from these arguments. Despite certain disagreements; we believe that the proposed data generation approaches can open new and interesting research directions for population adjustment methodology in the future.
Career development of tourism, hospitality and events graduates
Authors: McKercher Bob , Jin Xin (Cathy) , Tolkach Denis , Lee Andy , Macionis Niki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on career development of graduates of three of Australia's leading university level tourism, hospitality and events providers. The study examines how well their programmes equipped them for their first and current jobs, key attributes to career development and advice they would give to prospective students. Career development is highly individualistic, with no single template.
Health professionals' perspectives on psychological distress and meeting patients' support needs in rheumatology care settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Silverthorne Christine , Daniels Jo , Thompson Miles , Robson Joanna C. , Ndosi Mwidimi , Swales Caroline , Wilkins Kate , Dures Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) face challenges including pain, fatigue and disease flares. Evidence suggests their levels of anxiety and depression are higher compared to the general population. Rheumatology teams report psychologically distressed patients have additional support needs and require more clinical time. Little is currently known about models of support and their integration into care pathways.AimTo understand rheumatology health professionals' perspectives on patients' psychological distress and ways to meet support needs.MethodsThe study used a qualitative design, with data collected in telephone semi‐structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFifteen interviews were conducted. Two main themes with sub‐themes represent the data: Theme 1: ‘No one shoe fits all’—the many manifestations of distress in patients (sub‐themes: recognising distress, dealing with distress, dealing with life events alongside an IRD) and Theme 2: ‘If rheumatology could be interwoven with psychological principles’—the need to attend to the psychological impact of IRDs, alongside the physical impact (sub‐themes: priority given to physical health, working together to help patients in distress, how should patient distress be measured?, the need for extra time and resources).ConclusionDistress can be obvious or hidden, cause issues for patients and health professionals and lead to poor engagement with care provision. Health professionals described the powerful link between physical and mental distress. This study suggests psychological support provision should be embedded within the rheumatology team and that patients' emotional wellbeing should be given equal priority to their physical wellbeing.
Women on diuretics have a higher risk of hospital admission because of hyponatremia than men
Authors: Hendriksen Linda C. , van der Linden Paul D. , Herings Ron M. C. , Stricker Bruno H. , Visser Loes E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeRecent studies suggest that women are more susceptible to diuretic‐induced hyponatremia resulting in hospital admission than men. The aim of this study was to confirm whether these sex differences in hyponatremia‐related hospital admissions in diuretic users remain after adjusting for several confounding variables such as age, dose, and concurrent medication.MethodsIn a case–control design nested in diuretic users, cases of hyponatremia associated hospital admissions between 2005 and 2017 were identified from the PHARMO Data Network. Cases were 1:10 matched to diuretic users as controls. Odds ratios (OR) with 95%CIs were calculated for women versus men and adjusted for potential confounders (age, number of diuretics, other hyponatremia‐inducing drugs, chronic disease score) using unconditional logistic regression analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed for specific diuretic groups (thiazides, loop diuretics and aldosterone antagonists).ResultsWomen had a statistically significantly higher risk of a hospital admission associated with hyponatremia than men while using diuretics (OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.64–2.11). Adjusting for the potential confounders resulted in an increased risk for women compared to men (ORadj 2.65, 95% CI 2.31–3.04). This higher risk in women was also seen in the three subgroup analyses after adjustment.ConclusionOur findings show a higher risk of hyponatremia‐related hospital admission in women than men while using diuretics. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanism of this sex difference to be able to provide sex‐specific recommendations.
Risk of parkinsonism and related movement disorders with gabapentinoids or tramadol: A case‐crossover study
Authors: Ri Kairi , Fukasawa Toshiki , Yoshida Satomi , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionA safety signal concerning parkinsonism and related movement disorders with gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) or tramadol was detected by reviewing individual case reports and data mining in spontaneous report databases. Well‐designed pharmacoepidemiological studies are needed to assess the signal.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association of exposure to gabapentinoids or tramadol with the risk of parkinsonism and related movement disorders.MethodsWe conducted a case‐crossover study using a Japanese electronic medical records database. Patients with newly diagnosed parkinsonism or related movement disorders between January 1, 2007, and April 14, 2019, were identified. The diagnosis date of outcomes was defined as the index date. We assessed the exposure of each patient to gabapentinoids or tramadol during a 90‐day hazard period ending 1 day before the index date and in three 90‐day reference periods. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To confirm the robustness of the primary findings, we also performed sensitivity analyses using a case–case‐time‐control design, a different time window for hazard and reference periods, a different definition of outcome, and different number of reference periods.ResultsA total of 28,972 eligible cases were included in the primary analysis. Exposure to gabapentinoids (aOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.73–2.61) and tramadol (aOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.57–2.64) was associated with increased risk. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.ConclusionOur findings serve as a caution to physicians who prescribe gabapentinoids or tramadol in routine clinical practice.
Discharge characteristics of atmospheric pressure pulsed microwave He/N2 plasma jet
Authors: Yang Jie , Chen Zhaoquan , Dai Tao , Chen Sile , Wang Weiye , Su Qingchun , Zhang Lu , Wang Bing , Zhou Yuming , Lu Xinpei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is difficult to generate jet‐shaped He microwave plasma jets in ambient air. In this study, a dual‐channel pulsed microwave coaxial resonant discharge device is constructed. An atmospheric pressure pulsed microwave He plasma jet is formed when He passes through the central copper tube. And a spatially layered He/N2 plasma jet is produced when He and N2 are aerated through the central copper tube and the resonant cavity, respectively. The spatiotemporal ionization evolution process of the He/N2 plasma jet is determined in experiments. The ionization characteristics could be attributed to the combining interactions between the resonant excitation of locally enhanced electric fields, the ionization wave propagation, and the various particle states in the He/N2 plasma jet.
Factors influencing treatment adherence in paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil
Authors: Kruschewsky Wdson Luis Lima , Dal Col Batista Ricardo , Oliveira Hosana Ewald , Falqueto Aloísio , Peçanha Paulo Mendes , Grão Velloso Tânia Regina , Tavares Sarah Gonçalves , Vicente Creuza Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionParacoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America, with frequent reports of poor treatment adherence resulting in worse clinical outcomes. The present study evaluated factors related to treatment adherence in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included data from medical records of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated between 2005 and 2018 in a reference hospital in southeastern Brazil. Clinical variables, demographic characteristics, and smoking and alcohol consumption were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf the 198 cases included, most were adults (median age = 51 years), males (93.4%), presented chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (83.8%), reported smoking (90.4%) and alcohol consumption (84.8%), and 56.6% adhered to treatment. Treatment adherence was associated with the discontinuation of alcohol consumption (odds ratios (OR) = 5.227; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.697–10.129) and smoking (OR = 3.365; 95% CI = 1.781–6.358) during therapy.ConclusionsPatients' continued consumption of alcohol and tobacco was associated with non‐adherence to treatment, suggesting that a joint therapeutic approach that addresses alcohol and tobacco use alongside paracoccidioidomycosis treatment may hold promise for improving adherence and patients' quality of life.
On the intensification of typhoon Damrey with the monsoon gyre
Authors: Song Kexin , Tao Li , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTyphoon Damrey, the first named tropical cyclone (TC) of the year 2000 in the western North Pacific, was embedded in a monsoon gyre (MG) during its intensification period. We explored the mechanisms of its rapid development and the contribution of the MG using a localized, instantaneous energetics diagnostic tool: the multiscale window transform (MWT) and MWT‐based multiscale energetics analysis. We used the ERA5 reanalysis dataset to obtain the fields on three temporal scales: TC‐scale fields; MG‐scale fields; and large‐scale background fields. The canonical transfer of kinetic energy from the large‐scale background fields to the tropical cyclone was negligible, whereas the MG increased the TC‐scale kinetic energy in the precipitation active quadrant and weakened its kinetic energy in the precipitation inactive quadrant. Barotropic canonical transfer therefore did not contribute to the development of this tropical cyclone. Kinetic energy was produced in Damrey mainly through buoyancy conversion and pressure work. In the upper troposphere, the available potential energy converted to TC‐scale kinetic energy, but this was mostly offset by the negative work done by the pressure gradient force with the updraught near the eyewall. In the lower troposphere, TC‐scale kinetic energy was produced by horizontal pressure work due to the inflow. This new finding helps us to understand the impact of the MG on the TC intensification and the underlying mechanisms governing TC evolution.
Experimental study on acute impacts of hyper‐concentrated flow on Gymnocypris Eckloni and implication for sediment management
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Baoligao Baiyin , Xu Fengran , Mu Xiangpeng , Li Xiangdong , Cao Ping , Dong Zhiqiang , Jiao Wanming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSignificant increases in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) always occur during dam removal or sediment flushing processes, which could result in acute impacts on aquatic organisms. An analysis of the potential impact of the Huangheyuan hydropower dam removal on the upper reaches of the Yellow River is required for adaptive management. But the reports on the impact of high SSC on fishes living in rivers in the plateau areas are limited. Further studies on impact factors, fish behavior, and assessment methods were performed in this paper. The acute response of a typical fish, Gymnocypris eckloni, was tested by experiments with sediment concentrations ranging from 3.3 × 103 to 80.78 × 103 mg·L−1. The changes in fish aquatic surface respiration (ASR) behavior were analyzed under different SSCs. The cluster analysis of the environmental factors was conducted to analyze the relationship between the factors and fish mortality. The severity of ill effects (SEV) model was improved to assess the acute impact on fish. The results indicated that the SSC was the most related factor. The ASR could be induced by the SSC higher than 21 × 103 mg·L−1, and fish mortality was caused by SSC higher than 55 × 103 mg·L−1. The thresholds of SSC and exposure duration for fish protection were proposed to be less than 55 × 103 mg·L−1 and 6 hr, respectively. The findings could support the planning and regulation of dam sediment management on plateau areas.
Enhancing Crystallization in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Using Thermally Conductive 2D Boron Nitride Nanosheet Additive
Authors: Yin Yifan , Zhou Yuchen , Fu Shi , Zuo Xianghao , Lin Yu‐Chung , Wang Likun , Xue Yuan , Zhang Yugang , Tsai Esther H. R. , Hwang Sooyeon , Kissenger Kim , Li Mingxing , Cotlet Mircea , Li Tai‐De , Yager Kevin G. , Nam Chang‐Yong , Rafailovich Miriam H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractControlling crystallization and grain growth is crucial for realizing highly efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, enhanced PSC photovoltaic performance and stability by accelerating perovskite crystallization and grain growth via 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheet additives incorporated into the active perovskite layer are demonstrated. In situ X‐ray scattering and infrared thermal imaging during the perovskite annealing process revealed the highly thermally conductive hBN nanosheets promoted the phase conversion and grain growth in the perovskite layer by facilitating a more rapid and spatially uniform temperature rise within the perovskite film. Complementary structural, physicochemical, and electrical characterizations further showed that the hBN nanosheets formed a physical barrier at the perovskite grain boundaries and the interfaces with charge transport layers, passivating defects, and retarding ion migration. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the PSC is improved from 17.4% to 19.8%, along with enhanced device stability, retaining ≈90% of the initial efficiency even after 500 h ambient air storage. The results not only highlight 2D hBN as an effective additive for PSCs but also suggest enhanced thermal transport as one of the pathways for improved PSC performance by 2D material additives in general.