bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model-dependent analysis method for energy budget of the cosmological first-order phase transition
Authors: Wang Xiao , Tian Chi , Huang Fa Peng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The kinetic energy of the fluid shell in the cosmological first-order phase transition is crucial for predicting the gravitational wave signals generated by the sound wave mechanism.
We propose a model-dependent method to calculate the kinetic energy fraction by dividing the bubble-fluid system into three distinct regions: the symmetric phase, the broken phase, and the bubble wall.
By solving the local equation of motion of the scalar field with a phenomenological friction term, the bubble wall velocity and the boundary conditions of the fluid equations of both phases can be derived simultaneously.
Then, for a given particle physics model, the fluid profiles of different hydrodynamical modes and the corresponding kinetic energy fraction can be obtained.
Our method can also capture the temperature dependency of the sound speed of the plasma.
Compared with the conventional model-independent method, our approach is based on an accurate equation of state derived directly from the effective potential and takes into account the contribution of the bubble wall to the energy-momentum tensor.
Therefore, our method in-principle provides a more consistent and accurate result, which is crucial for high-precision calculations of the gravitational waves induced by the first-order phase transition.
Microlensing of gravitational waves by dark matter structures
Authors: Fairbairn Malcolm , Urrutia Juan , Vaskonen Ville 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves provides a potential new probe of dark matter structures. In this work, we consider the microlensing effect on gravitational wave signals from black hole binaries induced by low-mass dark matter halos that do not retain enough baryonic matter to hold stars. We clarify systematically when this microlensing effect is relevant and study in detail its detectability by future gravitational wave observatories. We consider lensing by cold dark matter halos and by solitonic cores that reside in fuzzy dark matter halos. Our results show that although the effect can be detectable at relatively large impact parameters, the probability of detecting such lensed events is low. In particular, we find that the expected number of events lensed by cold dark matter halos is 𝒪(0.01) per year for BBO and the expected number of events lensed by solitonic cores inside fuzzy dark matter halos is 𝒪(0.01) per year for ET. In the case that a significant fraction of dark matter consists of 𝒪(100 M
⊙) objects that are relatively compact, R < 𝒪(0.1 pc), we show that the expected number of lensed events per year for ET can be very large, 𝒪(1000).
High-efficiency broad-linewidth widely-tunable mid-infrared OPO based on fan-out PPLT
Authors: Liu Zhengyi , Ye Xianlin , Zhang Song , Luo Xingwang , Ren Huaijin , Wang Weimin , Wei Xingbin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We reported a high-efficiency, broad-linewidth, wide-tuning-range singly-resonated optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a fan-out PPLT crystal. When the PPLT crystal was operated at 120 °C and pumped by Q-switched 1064 nm laser at 14.17 W with a circular pump profile, the overall output power of OPO was 7.22 W (η = 50.4%) for both the signal and idler waves. The central wavelength and linewidth of the mid-infrared (MIR) laser were 3770 nm and ∼40 nm. A wavelength tuning range of 3538–3941 nm was accomplished by adjusting the crystal period through simple mechanical movement. Due to the larger coverage of gratings with an elliptical pump profile, the output linewidth of the MIR laser was further broadened to ∼100 nm, which is ten times more than other non-fan-out PPLT OPOs. Both pumping methods with different profiles were operated at 30 kHz, 49.2 ns for the 1064 nm laser, the power fluctuation of the obtained MIR laser was within 3.5%.
Chirped optical solitons and stability analysis of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear chromatic dispersion
Authors: Mathanaranjan Thilagarajah , Hashemi Mir Sajjad , Rezazadeh Hadi , Akinyemi Lanre , Bekir Ahmet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present paper aims to investigate the chirped optical soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear chromatic dispersion and quadratic-cubic law of refractive index. The exquisite balance between the chromatic dispersion and the nonlinearity associated with the refractive index of a fiber gives rise to optical solitons, which can travel down the fiber for intercontinental distances. The effective technique, namely, the new extended auxiliary equation method is implemented as a solution method. Different types of chirped soliton solutions including dark, bright, singular and periodic soliton solutions are extracted from the Jacobi elliptic function solutions when the modulus of the Jacobi elliptic function approaches to one or zero. These obtained chirped optical soliton solutions might play an important role in optical communication links and optical signal processing systems. The stability of the system is examined in the framework of modulational instability analysis.
Toward a unified formulation of the acoustic transfer admittance of cylindrical cavities for reciprocity calibration of microphones
Authors: Rodrigues D , Vincent P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The pressure reciprocity technique for calibration of Laboratory Standard microphones provides the basis for primary measurement standards for sound pressure. This calibration method is described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61094-2:2009 where the key aspect relating to the calculation of the acoustic transfer admittance of couplers was recently completed and clarified in the amendment IEC 61094-2:2009/AMD1:2022. Three models are currently provided for calculating this quantity: the low-frequency solution suitable to low frequencies, the extended low-frequency solution suitable to low and medium frequencies, and the broadband solution suitable to medium and high frequencies. It is established that neither of these models is correct for all frequencies routinely considered in many National Metrology Institutes, namely from 2 Hz to 25 kHz, so that a transition must be made. Based on the fundamental equations of acoustics in thermoviscous fluid, this paper provides a unified formulation for the acoustic transfer admittance of cylindrical cavities. Under the common quasi-plane wave approximation, this paper provides a new form of solution for the Fourier equation, not restricted by any assumption on the pressure variation and leading to a new form of propagation equation in the coupler. Two techniques are used to solve the problem, the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method and a stepped duct approximation technique. Numerical results are presented, providing substantial evidence to support the validity of these formulations. A high level of agreement is observed between the two models, approximately 10−6 dB for the amplitude and 10−4 degrees for the phase, excluding the resonance frequencies of couplers. Finally, this paper evaluates the compatibility of the extended low-frequency solution provided in the IEC amendment with the fundamental equations established in this study. A new simplified solution is provided, highlighting discrepancies in the application of the heat conduction corrective factor as compared to the guidelines outlined in the IEC amendment.
Research on Control Strategy of Constant Power Output in MCRWPT System
Authors: Li Zhongkui , Fu Yuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During wireless charging, the change of battery resistance will cause the fluctuation of output power, which will shorten the battery life and affect the charging safety. According to the theoretical analysis of WPT, when the load resistance changes, the output power can be stabilized by adjusting the input voltage of the system. Aiming at the variable load MCRWPT system, that is, only the load resistance changes under the resonant state, this paper designs the MCRWPT constant power control system by using the principle of reflective impedance and using the phase-shifting control voltage regulation and builds a simulation model through Matlab/Simulink platform to verify that the output power is kept in a certain range, without additional communication loops, which reduces the volume of electrical equipment and saves costs.
A Concentration Prediction and Gas Classification Model Based on LSTM-Attention Multi-task Learning Framework Network
Authors: Zhao Linju , Li Wang , Wang Shun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The electronic nose (E-nose), a bionic olfactory system, has been widely used in gas identification and concentration prediction. However, these tasks are usually based on separate systems, leading to high detection costs. To address this issue, a multi-task learning network model based on LSTM-Attention (MTL-LSTMA) as a skeleton has been proposed to simultaneously train both species recognition and concentration prediction tasks. The introduction of an attention mechanism greatly reduces interference in gas feature information, improving the electronic nose pattern recognition algorithm’s efficiency. The MTL-LSTMA model was tested through five sets of comparison experiments, showing the best performance in both concentration prediction and species identification. The proposed model has broad application prospects and may revolutionize gas detection technology.
Image reconstruction method in grating interferometer with phase stepping using grating position and dose fluctuation correction
Authors: Oh Ohsung , Kim Daeseung , Kim Ho Kyung , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for reducing artifacts in X-ray and neutron grating interferometer imaging by optimizing the grating position and dose fluctuation. Grating interferometer can obtain additional information about the object, such as phase-contrast image and dark-field image, compared to traditional X-ray imaging. However, several errors such as inaccurate grating positions and non-uniform X-ray intensity can cause artifacts in the image and degrade image quality. The proposed method can reduce the artifacts by minimizing the value in the sample-free region in the transmission and dark-field images. We conducted experiments on both simulated and X-ray and neutron experimental data and demonstrated the effectiveness of our method.
Sediment erosion and yield analysis on the coast of Kedah and Langkawi, Malaysia: A case study
Authors: Yusof Mohd Azlan Mohd , Razi Mohd Adib Mohammad , Daud Haji Zainalfikry Haji , Azhar Engku Ahmad Khalil , Rani Mohd Shahrulnizam Mat , Al-Gheethi Adel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Soil erosion and sedimentation are among the most crucial environmental hazards that arise from urban development. The Geographical Information System (GIS) based method is proposed to demonstrate for the identification of sediment source areas and the prediction of storm sediment yield from catchments. The gross soil erosion was calculated by using the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). In general, soil loss of the river basins at Kedah mainland mostly falls under “low” and “moderate” erosion risk category according to Department of Agriculture guidelines. The highest recorded value is Sg. Ruat with soil loss rate of 93.77 tonnes / ha / year. For Pulau Langkawi, most of the river basins have higher soil loss and fall under “moderate” and “moderately high” erosion risk. It is worth mentioning that there is a river basin that recorded soil loss greater than 100 tonne/ha/year, which is classified as “high” risk. The said river basin is Sg. Datai, which is located in the northern part of Pulau Langkawi.
Spheroid on-demand printing and drug screening of endothelialized hepatocellular carcinoma model at different stages
Authors: Liu Tiankun , Zhou Chang , Ji Jingyuan , Xu Xiaolei , Xing Zhengyu , Shinohara Marie , Sakai Yasuyuki , Sun Taoping , Feng Xiaobin , Yu Zhuo , Pang Yuan , Sun Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant threat to human health and medical care. Its dynamic microenvironment and stages of development will influence the treatment strategies in clinics. Reconstructing tumor–microvascular interactions in different stages of the microenvironment is an urgent need for in vitro tumor pathology research and drug screening. However, the absence of tumor aggregates with paracancerous microvascular and staged tumor–endothelium interactions leads to bias in the antitumor drug responses. Herein, a spheroid-on-demand manipulation strategy was developed to construct staged endothelialized HCC models for drug screening. Pre-assembled HepG2 spheroids were directly printed by alternating viscous and inertial force jetting with high cell viability and integrity. A semi-open microfluidic chip was also designed to form a microvascular connections with high density, narrow diameter, and curved morphologies. According to the single or multiple lesions in stages Ⅰ or Ⅰ HCC, endothelialized HCC models from micrometer to millimeter scale with dense tumor cell aggregation and paracancerous endothelial distribution were successively constructed. A migrating stage Ⅰ HCC model was further constructed under TGF-β treatment, where the spheroids exhibited a more mesenchymal phenotype with a loose cell connection and spheroid dispersion. Finally, the stage ⅠHCC model showed stronger drug resistance compared to the stage Ⅰ model, while the stage III showed a more rapid response. The corresponding work provides a widely applicable method for the reproduction of tumor–microvascular interactions at different stages and holds great promise for the study of tumor migration, tumor–stromal cell interactions, and the development of anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
The linear and non-linear study of effect of rotation and internal heat source/sink on Bénard convection
Authors: Sanjalee  , Sharma Y D , Yadav O P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to investigate non-linear Bénard convection in a single-walled carbon nanotube suspension saturated in a rotating porous medium with an internal heat sink/source. The modified Buongiorno model is utilized to formulate the governing equations for the flow. Both linear and weak non-linear stability analyses are conducted in this investigation. The linear stability analysis employs the truncated Fourier series transformation, while the weakly non-linear stability analysis utilizes the Lorenz model, assuming weak thermophoresis, porous friction, and small-scale convective motion. The cubic Ginzburg–Landau equation is formulated and subsequently solved to derive the expression for the amplitude. The influence of various parameters, such as the Taylor number, heat sink/source parameter, and viscosity parameter, is discussed in relation to the threshold criteria of convection, as well as heat and mass transport rates. Based on the linear stability analysis, it is determined that the introduction of a rotating frame of reference delays the initiation of convection, whereas the energy supplied to the system accelerates the onset of convection. The heat transfer rate increases by

22
%

when the nanofluidic system is placed in the rotating frame of reference under the presence of an internal heat source.
Quantum control via chirped coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chathanathil Jabir , Budker Dmitry , Malinovskaya Svetlana A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A chirped-pulse quantum control scheme applicable to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy, named as C-CARS, is presented aimed at maximizing the vibrational coherence in molecules. It implies chirping of three incoming pulses in the four-wave mixing process of CARS, the pump, the Stokes and the probe, to fulfill the conditions of adiabatic passage. The scheme is derived in the framework of rotating wave approximation and adiabatic elimination of excited state manifold simplifying the four-level model system into a ‘super-effective’ two level system. We demonstrate that the selectivity of excitation of vibrational degrees of freedom can be controlled by carefully choosing the spectral chirp rate of the pulses. The robustness, spectral selectivity and adiabatic nature of this method are advantageous for improving the existing methods of CARS spectroscopy for sensing, imaging and detection.
Development of a 3-DOF flexible micro-motion platform based on a symmetrical two-stage magnifying mechanism
Authors: Zhang Shijun , Zhang Teng , Meng Fanxun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A symmetrical 3-PRR flexible motion platform kinematic dynamic model is built. The natural frequency analysis of the platform is studied in this paper. Firstly, a flexible lever displacement two-stage amplification mechanism is proposed. A pseudo-rigid body model is established. A kinematics model is established by using the vector closed-loop method. The relationship between the input and output of the flexible lever displacement two-stage amplification mechanism is obtained. Secondly, based on the two-stage amplification mechanism of flexible lever displacement, a 3-PRR flexible motion platform is designed. The Jacobian matrix of input displacement of piezoelectric ceramics and output displacement of flexible motion platform is obtained by using the coordinate transformation method and vector equation closed-loop method. Considering the elastic potential energy of the flexible hinge and biaxial hinge, the Lagrange equation is established, and the expression of the natural frequency of the 3-PRR flexible motion platform is obtained. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical dynamic model is verified by theoretical calculation and finite element software simulation.
Design and analysis of multiple beams phased array microstrip antenna for 5G applications
Authors: Nigam Harshal , Mathur Monika 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a novel and compact antenna array design fed through a 3 dB BLC for producing phase shift in the array. Beam steering is an attractive design feature for avoiding obstacles in the path of the beam. It is achieved by switching the beam to another path by simply varying the phase shift between elements. The proposed structure exhibits resonance in the frequency having range of 27.6 GHz −29.6 GHz with a minimal return loss value of −45 dB for frequency applications of 28 GHz, which can be further employed for 5G frequency applications, there are two multiple beams observed, with main beam at theta equal to −35 degrees, the main beam shifts to +28 degrees by changing the feed port of the coupler. A stable gain of around 11.5 dB is obtained for the entire frequency range. The input phase has been varied for different elements in the array, and best results were obtained for a 90 degree phase difference, which required the use of a 3 dB BLC. Rogers RT Duroid 5880, having a dielectric of 2.2 and a 0.51 mm dielectric height, was used as a substrate for antenna fabrication. The simulations were performed on the CST Microwave studio and the measurements were done on VNA (Agilent N5247A).
Efficient generation of stable linear machine-learning force fields with uncertainty-aware active learning
Authors: Briganti Valerio , Lunghi Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMachine-learning (ML) force fields (FFs) enable an accurate and universal description of the potential energy surface of molecules and materials on the basis of a training set ofab initiodata. However, large-scale applications of these methods rest on the possibility to train accurate ML models with a small number ofab initiodata. In this respect, active-learning (AL) strategies, where the training set is self-generated by the model itself, combined with linear ML models are particularly promising. In this work, we explore an AL strategy based on linear regression and able to predict the model’s uncertainty on predictions for molecular configurations not sampled by the training set, thus providing a straightforward recipe for the extension of the latter. We apply this strategy to the spectral neighbor analysis potential and show that only tens ofab initiosimulations of atomic forces are required to generate FFs for room-temperature molecular dynamics at or close to chemical accuracy and which stability can be systematically improved by the user at modest computational expenses. Moreover, the method does not necessitate any conformational pre-sampling, thus requiring minimal user intervention and parametrization.
Alloteropsis semialata as a study system for C4 evolution in grasses
Authors: Pereira Lara , Bianconi Matheus E , Osborne Colin P , Christin Pascal-Antoine , Dunning Luke T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Numerous groups of plants have adapted to CO2 limitations by independently evolving C4 photosynthesis. This trait relies on concerted changes in anatomy and biochemistry to concentrate CO2 within the leaf and thereby boost productivity in tropical conditions. The ecological and economic importance of C4 photosynthesis has motivated intense research, often relying on comparisons between distantly related C4 and non-C4 plants. The photosynthetic type is fixed in most species, with the notable exception of the grass Alloteropsis semialata. This species includes populations exhibiting the ancestral C3 state in southern Africa, intermediate populations in the Zambezian region and C4 populations spread around the palaeotropics.

Scope
We compile here the knowledge on the distribution and evolutionary history of the Alloteropsis genus as a whole and discuss how this has furthered our understanding of C4 evolution. We then present a chromosome-level reference genome for a C3 individual and compare the genomic architecture with that of a C4 accession of A. semialata.

Conclusions
Alloteropsis semialata is one of the best systems in which to investigate the evolution of C4 photosynthesis because the genetic and phenotypic variation provides a fertile ground for comparative and population-level studies. Preliminary comparative genomic investigations show that the C3 and C4 genomes are highly syntenic and have undergone a modest amount of gene duplication and translocation since the different photosynthetic groups diverged. The background knowledge and publicly available genomic resources make A. semialata a great model for further comparative analyses of photosynthetic diversification.