bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Status of Active Age Population in the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Nenov Stanislav , Bozhinov Petar , Bonev Boyko 
Published: January 2023

Periodontal health is an important component of oral health. Numerous studies prove the progressing nature of periodontal diseases and their dependence on a number of demographic and socio-economic factors.
The purpose of the study is to examine the periodontal status of the active age population in the Republic of Bulgaria and to define its dependence on social and demographic factors.
To accomplish the study goals epidemiological and survey cards were developed and approbated and epidemiological study was conducted, including clinical dental examination and anonymous survey among 416 Bulgarian citizens aged 18 to 65 years. The results were statistically analyzed to establish the dependencies between the periodontal status and socio-demographic factors.
Only 69 (16.59%) of the study subjects have no periodontal problems (CPI = 0) in all sextants, while all other patients have different degrees of periodontal disease. One can witness an increase of the periodontal disease incidence, proportional to the age of the patients, as well as its decrease with increasing the frequency of dental visits on behalf of the patients and their oral health self-assessment. Healthy periodontal tissues prevail in young patients and urban population. Gingival inflammation and calculus are prevalent among middle-aged people, rural population as well as in individuals of lower educational level. Periodontal pockets of varying depths are being registered mostly among the older people and the subjects with low and average income. Higher severity of the periodontal pathology is observed in individuals of lower educational levels and lower income.
These facts verify the conclusion about an inadequate state commitment as regards the dental health problems of the population, while bearing in mind that the treatment of periodontal conditions is not reimbursed by NHIF.
Bitumen, ancient Egypt
Authors: Harrell James A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bitumen is a general term for natural hydrocarbons, including asphalt, tar, and petroleum. It was widely used in antiquity for many practical applications with the most notable of these a preservative for ancient Egyptian mummies. The principal source of bitumen was the Dead Sea in Palestine, but Egypt also had other sources in the form of petroleum seeps on the shores of the Gulf of Suez. The best documented of these is the one at Gebel Zeit on the gulf's west coast. Bitumen‐impregnated limestone was also employed by the Egyptians to a minor extent for architectural and sculptural applications.
Mineralogy
Authors: Harrell James A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Most of what we understand about the ancient knowledge of the origins and properties of rocks and minerals comes from the surviving works of two classical writers: the
On Stones
of Theophrastus (ca. 372–287
bce
), and the
Natural History
(books 33–37) of Pliny the Elder (ca. 23–79
ce
). There are also scattered mineralogical references in other texts, such as the
Library of History
of Diodorus of Sicily, the
Geography
of Strabo of Amaseia, and the epigrams of Posidippus of Pella. Many of the names given to stones by the ancient authors survive in the modern mineralogical and petrological nomenclature.
Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Hollow Nanoplatform for Triple Amplification of Oxidative Stress to Enhance Cuproptosis‐Based Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Weijun , Wang Yaping , Hou Guanghui , Wang Jinlei , Wang Taibing , Qian Junmin , Suo Aili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCuproptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death and shows great potential in cancer treatment. Herein, a copper‐dithiocarbamate chelate‐doped and artemisinin‐loaded hollow nanoplatform (HNP) is developed via a chelation competition‐induced hollowing strategy for cuproptosis‐based combination therapy. The HNP exhibits tumor microenvironment‐triggered catalytic activity, wherein liberated Cu2+ catalyzes artemisinin and endogenous H2O2 to produce C‐centered radicals and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Meanwhile, the disulfide bonds‐rich HNP can deplete intracellular glutathione, thus triply amplifying tumor oxidative stress. The augmented oxidative stress sensitizes cancer cells to the cuproptosis, causing prominent dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase oligomerization and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the HNP can activate ferroptosis via inhibiting GPX4 activity and trigger apoptosis via dithiocarbamate‐copper chelate‐mediated ubiquitinated proteins accumulation, resulting in potent antitumor efficacy. Such a cuproptosis/ferroptosis/apoptosis synergetic strategy opens a new avenue for cancer therapy.
Zn‐Loaded SBA‐1 and SBA‐15 Molecular Sieves for Combined Antimicrobial and Osteogenic Activity
Authors: Trinh Hoang Trung , Tran Thi Kim Anh , Arora Shuchi , George Suchi Mercy , Sheri Jolitta , Li Zhixuan , Yang Jae‐Hun , Naruphontjirakul Parichart , Balani Kantesh , Karakoti Ajay , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMesoporous silica‐based materials are currently being explored as a new type of bioscaffold for bone regeneration applications. Zinc(Zn) ion incorporation is shown to play an important role in promoting bone regeneration and also providing antimicrobial activity to the scaffold materials. In this work, the role of pore size, geometry, and ordered structure on the Zn loading and release performance of two different mesoporous silica, SBA‐1 and SBA‐15, are compared. Zn loading is varied from 2.5 to 10 wt% for both samples, and its effect on the antibacterial and osteogenic activity is evaluated. Zn loading up to 10 wt% has a negligible effect on the morphology and textural properties of the mesoporous silica samples. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis reveals that SBA‐15 exhibits significantly higher Zn release in Luria‐Bertani (LB) broth as compared to SBA‐1 that is reflected in the higher antibacterial activity of SBA‐15 against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Various assays show that 5 wt% Zn loading is sufficient to produce both bactericidal and inhibitory effects on bacterial cells. The 5 wt% Zn‐loaded samples induce osteogenic differentiation ofavianized bone marow‐derived stromal cells (TVA‐BMSCs) though SBA‐15 samples show better compatibility compared to SBA‐1, suggesting that Zn incorporation can produce sufficient antibacterial effect and osteogenic differentiation of TVA‐BMSCs.
Membrane Targeted Azobenzene Drives Optical Modulation of Bacterial Membrane Potential
Authors: de Souza‐Guerreiro Tailise Carolina , Bondelli Gaia , Grobas Iago , Donini Stefano , Sesti Valentina , Bertarelli Chiara , Lanzani Guglielmo , Asally Munehiro , Paternò Giuseppe Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent studies have shown that bacterial membrane potential is dynamic and plays signaling roles. Yet, little is still known about the mechanisms of membrane potential dynamics regulation—owing to a scarcity of appropriate research tools. Optical modulation of bacterial membrane potential could fill this gap and provide a new approach for studying and controlling bacterial physiology and electrical signaling. Here, the authors show that a membrane‐targeted azobenzene (Ziapin2) can be used to photo‐modulate the membrane potential in cells of the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It is found that upon exposure to blue–green light (λ = 470 nm), isomerization of Ziapin2 in the bacteria membrane induces hyperpolarization of the potential. To investigate the origin of this phenomenon, ion‐channel‐deletion strains and ion channel blockers are examined. The authors found that in presence of the chloride channel blocker idanyloxyacetic acid‐94 (IAA‐94) or in absence of KtrAB potassium transporter, the hyperpolarization response is attenuated. These results reveal that the Ziapin2 isomerization can induce ion channel opening in the bacterial membrane and suggest that Ziapin2 can be used for studying and controlling bacterial electrical signaling. This new optical tool could contribute to better understand various microbial phenomena, such as biofilm electric signaling and antimicrobial resistance.
Revisiting 30 Years of Disabilities Practice
Authors: Cohen Judy , Braun Joan , Frost Lynda , Wood Erica F. 
Published: January 2023

This four‐installment set of Alternatives articles adapts the second part of a web feature on the Americans with Disabilities Act Mediation Guidelines (available at https://bit.ly/ADAMediationGuidelinesWeb). The first part of the web examination was serialized starting May 2, 2021—a series of weekly refresher posts on the NYC‐DR listserv (see https://bit.ly/CUNYDRCListservSub) of the CUNY Dispute Resolution Center (available at https://bit.ly/CUNYDRC). It walks through the first section of the Guidelines on program and case administration, which includes program development, disability access to mediation, and mediator recruitment and selection. The posts in the first part of the ADA Mediation Guidelines refresher series are available at https://bit.ly/GuidelinesRefresherSeriesPartI.
Bending Actuation of Hydrogels through Rotation of Light‐Driven Molecular Motors
Authors: Perrot Alexis , Wang Wen‐zhi , Buhler Eric , Moulin Emilie , Giuseppone Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe unidirectional rotation of chemically crosslinked light‐driven molecular motors is shown to progressively shift the swelling equilibrium of hydrogels. The concentration of molecular motors and the initial strand density of the polymer network are key parameters to modulate the macroscopic contraction of the material, and both parameters can be tuned using polymer chains of different molecular weights. These findings led to the design of optimized hydrogels revealing a half‐time contraction of approximately 5 min. Furthermore, under inhomogeneous stimulation, the local contraction event was exploited to design useful bending actuators with an energy output 400 times higher than for previously reported self‐assembled systems involving rotary motors. In the present configuration, we measure that a single molecular motor can lift up loads of 200 times its own molecular weight.
Tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazoles: Straightforward Access to Nitrogen‐Rich Polyaromatics froms‐Tetrazines
Authors: Daher Ahmad , Bousfiha Asmae , Tolbatov Iogann , Mboyi Clève D. , Cattey Hélène , Roisnel Thierry , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , Hissler Muriel , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Roger Julien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe straightforward access to a new class of aza‐polyaromatics is reported. Starting from readily available fluorinated s‐tetrazine, a cyclization process with azide leads to the formation of an unprecedented tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazole or a bis‐tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazole (cisandtransconformers). Based on the new nitrogen core, further N‐directed palladium‐catalyzedortho‐C−H bond functionalization allows the introduction of halides or acetates. The physicochemical properties of these compounds were studied by a joint experimental/theoretical approach. The tetrazo[1,2‐b]indazoles display solid‐state π‐stacking, low reduction potential, absorption in the visible range up to the near‐infrared, and intense fluorescence, depending on the molecular structure.
Site selection for European native oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitat restoration projects: An expert‐derived consensus
Authors: Hughes Anna , Bonačić Kruno , Cameron Tom , Collins Ken , da Costa Fiz , Debney Alison , van Duren Luca , Elzinga Jesper , Fariñas‐Franco José M. , Gamble Celine , Helmer Luke , Holbrook Zoë , Holden Eric , Knight Katherine , Murphy James A. J. , Pogoda Bernadette , Pouvreau Stéphane , Preston Joanne , Reid Alec , Reuchlin‐Hugenholtz Emilie , Sanderson William G. , Smyth David , Stechele Brecht , Strand Åsa , Theodorou John A. , Uttley Matt , Wray Ben , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The European native oyster (Ostrea edulis) is a threatened keystone species which historically created extensive, physically complex, biogenic habitats throughout European seas.
Overfishing and direct habitat destruction, subsequently compounded by pollution, invasive species, disease, predation and climate change have resulted in the functional extinction of native oyster habitat across much of its former range.
Although oyster reef habitat remains imperilled, active restoration efforts are rapidly gaining momentum. Identifying appropriate sites for habitat restoration is an essential first step in long‐term project success.
In this study, a three‐round Delphi process was conducted to determine the most important factors to consider in site selection for European native oyster habitat restoration projects.
Consensus was reached on a total of 65 factors as being important to consider in site selection for European native oyster habitat restoration projects. In addition to the abiotic factors typically included in habitat suitability models, socio‐economic and logistical factors were found to be important. Determining the temporal and spatial variability of threats to native oyster habitat restoration and understanding the biotic factors present at a proposed restoration site also influence the potential for project scale‐up and longevity.
This list guides site selection by identifying: a shortlist of measurable factors which should be considered; the relevant data to collect; topics for discussion in participatory mapping processes; information of interest from the existing body of local ecological knowledge; and factors underpinning supportive and facilitating regulatory frameworks.
Selective and Generic Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohol with Pd−TiO2 Thin Films: Butanols to Butanal/Butanone with Different Morphologies of Pd and 0.5θPt‐Pd Counterparts
Authors: Salgaonkar Kranti N. , Kale Sandip R. , Nalajala Naresh , Mansuri Sayana , Gopinath Chinnakonda S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study reports on the photocatalytic oxidation of butanols to butanal/butanone using thin film form of facet‐dependent nano‐Pd supported on commercial TiO2 under one‐sun condition and demonstrates the generic nature. Pd‐nanocube (PdNC(100)), Pd‐truncated octahedron (PdTO (100) and (111)), polycrystalline (PdPC), and their counterparts with half‐a‐monolayer Pt‐coated on Pd (0.5θPt‐Pd)) have been used as co‐catalyst. A potentially scalable thin film form of Pd/TiO2 photocatalyst, prepared by drop‐casting method, has been employed to study oxidation of n‐butanol, 2‐butanol, and iso‐butanol to corresponding aldehyde/ketone. 100% selectivity is demonstrated to respective aldehyde/ketone with any catalyst used in the present study with varying degree of butanols conversion by NMR. 0.5θPt‐PdTO/TiO2 shows the highest conversion of 2‐butanol to butanone (13.6% in 4 h). Continuous 10 h of reaction with the most active 0.5θPt‐PdTO/P25 catalyst demonstrates 31% conversion of 2‐butanol to butanone, and catalyst recyclability has been demonstrated. The present protocol can be scalable to large scales to maximize the conversion in direct sunlight. Due to its generic nature, the current method can also be applied to many other alcohols and substrate molecules.
Three Neolignan Glycosides from the Root of Nothopanax davidii
Authors: Lu Yan‐Xia , Lei Yue‐Yue , Shi Yu , Min Xue , Li Lu‐Jun , Li Nan , Wu Zheng‐Zhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThree neolignan glycosides, including a new compound (7S,8R)‐dihydro‐3′‐hydroxy‐7‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1′‐benzofuranpropanol‐9‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (1), were isolated from the root of Nothopanax davidii. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and ECD experiments, and the absolute configuration of 2 was first definitively determined. The anti‐tumor activity was assessed on four tumor cells by MTT assay, the anti‐inflammatory activity was determined by inhibition of NO production in LPS reduced RAW264.7 cells, and the interaction with iNOS was predicted by molecular docking. At the dose of 100 μM, the three neolignan glycosides showed no cytotoxic activity against HepG2, HCT116, HeLa and A549 human tumor cells, but significantly inhibited LPS induced NO generation in RAW264.7 cells with inhibition rates of 31.53 %, 23.95 %, and 20.79 %, respectively, showing weak anti‐inflammatory activity, possibly due to their binding to key residues of iNOs involved in inhibitor binding.
Mechanistic Insights into the Activities of Major Families of Enzymes in Bacterial Peptidoglycan Assembly and Breakdown
Authors: Kwan Jeric Mun Chung , Qiao Yuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractServing as an exoskeletal scaffold, peptidoglycan is a polymeric macromolecule that is essential and conserved across all bacteria, yet is absent in mammalian cells; this has made bacterial peptidoglycan a well‐established excellent antibiotic target. In addition, soluble peptidoglycan fragments derived from bacteria are increasingly recognised as key signalling molecules in mediating diverse intra‐ and inter‐species communication in nature, including in gut microbiota‐host crosstalk. Each bacterial species encodes multiple redundant enzymes for key enzymatic activities involved in peptidoglycan assembly and breakdown. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the biochemical activities of major peptidoglycan enzymes, including peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGT) and transpeptidases (TPs) in the final stage of peptidoglycan assembly, as well as peptidoglycan glycosidases, lytic transglycosylase (LTs), amidases, endopeptidases (EPs) and carboxypeptidases (CPs) in peptidoglycan turnover and metabolism. Biochemical characterisation of these enzymes provides valuable insights into their substrate specificity, regulation mechanisms and potential modes of inhibition.
Eliciting reconceptualization innovative moments to foster change in Career Construction Counseling
Authors: Cardoso Paulo , Gonçalves Miguel M. , Mendes Inês , Sousa Inês , Taveira Maria do Céu , Silva Filipa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study tests an add‐on procedure to foster change in Career Construction Counseling by eliciting reconceptualization innovative moments. After the career counseling intervention with 42 participants, 21 participants were allocated to the add‐on procedure, consisting of two additional sessions focused on eliciting reconceptualization innovative moments In turn, participants in the comparison group attended two extra intervention sessions in which the lifetime task was used. Outcome measures assessing vocational behavior and psychological distress were applied at the onset, at the end of counseling and after the two additional sessions. The findings show that Career Construction Counseling was effective, allowing a significant increase in vocational certainty, vocational identity, career decision‐making, and a decrease in psychological distress. After counseling, participants in the add‐on intervention fostering reconceptualization innovative moments revealed greater gains in vocational identity and psychological distress than those in the comparison group. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Autoimmune diseases as comorbidities for liver, gallbladder, and biliary duct cancers in Sweden
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Liska Vaclav , Hemminki Akseli , Li Xinjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune diseases are associated with many cancers but there is a lack of population‐based studies with different autoimmune diseases that have a long follow‐up. This is also true of hepatobiliary cancers, which include hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and rarer entities of gallbladder cancer (GBC), intra‐ and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA and eCCA), and ampullary cancer.MethodsDiagnostic data on 43 autoimmune diseases were collected from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and cancer data were derived from the national cancer registry from 1997 onward. Relative risks were expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).ResultsIn a population of 13.6 million, 1.1 million autoimmune diseases were diagnosed and subsequent hepatobiliary cancer was diagnosed in 3191 patients (17.2% of cancers). SIRs for HCC were 2.73 (men) and 2.86 (women), 3.74/1.96 for iCCA, 2.65/1.37 for GBC, 2.38/1.64 for eCCA, and 1.80/1.85 for ampullary cancer. Significant associations between autoimmune disease and HCC were observed for 13 autoimmune diseases, with the highest risks being for autoimmune hepatitis (48.92/73.53, men/women) and primary biliary cirrhosis (38.03/54.48). GBC was increased after six autoimmune diseases, with high SIRs for ulcerative colitis (12.22/3.24) and men with Crohn disease (9.16). These autoimmune diseases were also associated with a high risk of iCCA, which had seven other associations, and eCCA, which had five other associations. Ampullary cancer occurrence was increased after four autoimmune diseases.ConclusionAn autoimmune disease is a common precursor condition for hepatobiliary cancers. This calls for careful control of autoimmune disease symptoms in each patient and encouragement to practice a healthy lifestyle.
In Situ Mineralization of Biomass‐Derived Hydrogels Boosts Capacitive Electrochemical Energy Storage in Free‐Standing 3D Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Achazhiyath Edathil Anjali , Rezaei Babak , Almdal Kristoffer , Keller Stephan Sylvest 
Published: January 2023

Here, a novel fabrication method for making free‐standing 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels from molecularly engineered biomass‐derived hydrogels is presented. In situ formed flower‐like CaCO3 molecularly embedded within the hydrogel network regulated the pore structure during in situ mineralization assisted one‐step activation graphitization (iMAG), while the intrinsic structural integrity of the carbon aerogels was maintained. The homogenously distributed minerals simultaneously acted as a hard template, activating agent, and graphitization catalyst. The decomposition of the homogenously distributed CaCO3 during iMAG followed by the etching of residual CaO through a mild acid washing endowed a robust carbon aerogel with high porosity and excellent electrochemical performance. At 0.5 mA cm−2, the gravimetric capacitance increased from 0.01 F g−1 without mineralization to 322 F g−1 with iMAG, which exceeds values reported for any other free‐standing or powder‐based biomass‐derived carbon electrodes. An outstanding cycling stability of ~104% after 1000 cycles in 1 M HClO4 was demonstrated. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a high specific capacitance of 376 F g−1 and a high energy density of 26 W h kg−1 at a power density of 4000 W kg−1, with excellent cycling performance (98.5% retention after 2000 cycles). In combination with the proposed 3D printed mold‐assisted solution casting (3DMASC), iMAG allows for the generation of free‐standing carbon aerogel architectures with arbitrary shapes. Furthermore, the novel method introduces flexibility in constructing free‐standing carbon aerogels from any ionically cross‐linkable biopolymer while maintaining the ability to tailor the design, dimensions, and pore size distribution for specific energy storage applications.