bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Stress Distribution at the Bone-Implant Interface in Platform Switched Short Dental Implants by Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model
Authors: Manchala Sesha Reddy , Rajasekar S. , Abdelmagyd Hossam Abdelatty Eid , Shon Ahmed Atef Aly , Vannala Venkataramana , Khazi Shakeel S. 
Published: March 2023

Aims:
The authors carried out this study to analyze the pattern of stress distribution in terms of eqicrestal and subcrestal implant placement at various depths using short platform switched dental implants.

Settings and Design:
Modeling of the mandibular posterior molar region done with uniformly thick 1.5 mm cortical bone with an inner core of cancellous bone by three-dimensional finite element model (FEM). Implant dimensions used in the study are of length 6 mm, diameter 4.6 mm, and 3.5 mm abutments.

Subjects and Methods:
The applied force was 100N in an axial and oblique direction (15°, 30°) for realistic simulation. All models created by ANSYS WORKBENCH.von Mises stress is evaluation in both cancellous and cortical bone at various depths. Translations interpreted on x, y, and z-axis with ten noded tetrahedron elements with 3° of freedom per node.

Results:
All five position of platform switched short osseointegrated implants analyzed by FEM simulations exhibited different stress-based biomechanical behavior, dependent on bone geometry, the direction of force applied as well as on the depth of implant placement.

Conclusions:
Oblique forces were more deleterious than axial forces. Subcrestal implant placement resulted in reduced stress in the cortical and cancellous bone.
Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha during Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Self-Ligating Technique and Preadjusted Edgewise Technique and Alveolar Bone Loss in Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: Mishra Pragya , Gangadharappa Praveen , Kusum Pallavi , Kumar Prakash , Satyarth Saurabh , Singh Abhishek , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The recent bracket systems are passive self-ligating orthodontic appliance systems, which have been shown to have superior load transfer toward the fibers of periodontal ligament than the preadjusted edgewise (PEA) orthodontic appliance systems. Corticosteroids have been shown to affect bone turnover, therefore, it is crucial to know if they affect orthodontic tooth movement and cortical bone resorption in partially edentulous patients. Hence, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of corticosteroid therapy on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha during orthodontic tooth movement with PEA appliance and self-ligating technique and alveolar bone loss in partially edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety-two participants were included in the study. They were divided randomly into four different groups. Group A: PEA appliance, Group B: self-ligating appliance, Group C: partially edentulous patients, and Group D: healthy controls. The test groups were administered injections of corticosteroids, namely triamcinolone acetonide, intramuscularly in the preparation of 1 mg/kg/day each day for 7 days. Control group research participants received a placebo injection. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling was done with Gapadent #30 ISO Paper Points according to the Offenbacher et al. technique (1986). A human TNF-Quantikine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify TNF-α contents in the samples. The GCF collection was performed using the same techniques at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, and 168 h after the bracket installation samplings.

Results:
Concentration of TNF-α decreased in all groups at 1 h and 7 days when compared with the baseline. When there was a comparison between the groups, then it was observed that TNF-α decreased in all three test groups compared to baseline. The decrease was more in the preadjusted appliance as compared with the self-ligating appliance. The decrease in the concentration of TNF-α was greater in the preadjusted appliance as compared with the self-ligating appliance showing that inflammatory reaction was more reduced in the preadjusted orthodontic appliance, and the tooth movement was affected more in such appliance after corticosteroid therapy.

Conclusion:
There was also a significant decrease in the concentration of TNF-α in partially edentulous subjects after corticosteroid therapy.
Parental Responses About Sleep-Disordered Breathing and its Association with Mouth Breathing in their Children
Authors: Thosar Nilima , Shrivastav Sunita , Wayakar Rutuja Bhalchandra 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parental responses about sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its association with mouth breathing (MB) in their children.

Subjects and Methods:
A structured questionnaire consisting of 10 questions was framed. Out of 110 children, 30 parents who responded to a questionnaire-based study were included after obtaining their consent. After obtaining their responses, all the questions were evaluated to understand the parental responses to associate their knowledge about SDB of their children with the presence of MB in their children. Chi-square test was used as the study consisted of qualitative questions.

Results:
Responses in order of chronological sequence received from parents for their children were as follows: child feels thirsty (25 [83.33%]), strange position of child during sleep (24 [80%]), child struggles to breathe (16 [53.33%]), child feels dry mouth on waking (14 [46.66%]), child has upper respiratory tract infections (6 [20%]), child unusually sleepy during day time (5 [16.66%]), and child appears to be more hyperactive (5 [16.66%]). Other less common responses were related to restless sleep of child and snoring.

Conclusions:
Parental responses for its association with MB in children are important to help us diagnose early symptoms; further, it can be correlated with clinical predictors to confirm the MB habit in their children.
Clinical Study of the Precorneal Tear Film in Relation With Duration of Diabetes
Authors: Hada Yash 
Published: March 2023

Context:
The study objective was to compare precorneal tear film in terms of amount and stability in diabetic individuals.

Aims:
The aim was to study the effect of diabetes on the amount and stability of precorneal tear film.

Settings and Design:
This is a hospital-based, prospective, case-controlled, observational study of 1-year duration. Sixty-five sequentially collected patients with diabetes attending the Ophthalmology outpatient department/inpatient department at AVBRH were selected for the study after taking the inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after approval by the Institutional Ethical Committee of the college.

Subjects and Methods:
After enrollment of the participants in the study, all underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination. Tear film break up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test without anesthesia followed by with anesthesia were calculated.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using Chi-square test and Student's unpaired t-test, SPSS 17.0 version and GraphPad 6.0 version software (Biomatters, Ltd. NZ and GSL Biotech, USA) were used in the analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered the level of statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Results:
Patients with diabetes showed unstable tear film. The amount of tear film measurement also decreases in diabetics. A higher number of positive test results for both Schirmer test and TBUT test were found in patients having a duration of diabetes >5 years.

Conclusions:
Longer duration of diabetes is associated with dry eye. Diabetes is associated with a reduction in the amount of precorneal tear film as well as an unstable precorneal tear film.
A Comparative Study on the Accuracy of SRK/T, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II Formulas in Intraocular Lens Power Calculation of Axial Myopes Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sune Pradeep , Sune Mona , Mukherji Ritica 
Published: March 2023

Context:Calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power for extremes of axial lengths (ALs), using classical formulae like Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T), is unsatisfactory. With the advent of fourth-generation formulae, surgeons are now aiming for better refractive outcomes for such patients postcataract extraction.Aims:The aim of this study was to assess and compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II formulae for IOL power calculation in high myopes with cataract by computing the mean absolute error (MAE).Settings and Design:This was a hospital-based prospective comparative study conducted over a period of 1 year. Forty patients with AL ≥26 mm undergoing cataract extraction were included after taking inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration.Subjects and Methods:After enrolling patients and obtaining informed consent, all patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The power of IOL to be implanted was calculated by SRK/T, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II with the goal of achieving refraction within ± 1 D postoperatively. Phacoemulsification was performed for all patients and hydrophilic foldable IOLs were implanted. Patients were followed up for 2 months at the end of which MAE was calculated for all three formulae.Statistical Analysis:Statistical analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using Kruskal–Wallis Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Software used in the analysis was SPSS 24 version andP< 0.5 was considered as the level of significance.Results:Barrett Universal II formula had the lowest MAE with a mean of 0.06 ± 0.20 and a median absolute error of 0.02. This was followed by Holladay II and SRK/T. While Barrett Universal II outperformed for all powers of IOL, SRK/T had lower MAE for plus power IOLs and Holladay II was better for negative-power IOLs.Conclusions:Barrett Universal II formula is ideal for IOL power calculation in cataract patients with AL >26 mm.
Association of Areca Nut Habit with Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Toxicity
Authors: Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna , Juneja Surbhi , Bhowate Rahul R. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Areca nut (AN) affects oral cavity as well as various body systems. Its adverse effects on oral cavity are widely reported in the literature. However, limited studies described its systemic effect. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of AN habit with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its correlation with liver toxicity.

Aim:
The aim of the present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital and the Department of General Medicine, AVBRH Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, to determine the correlation between AN, DM, and liver toxicity.

Methods:
The present study included 280 patients suffering from DM. They were assessed for medical history which included age at the onset and duration of DM. Detailed AN habit history was recorded that included the type of the habit, age at which the habit was started, and duration of habit. To evaluate the correlation of DM with liver damage, liver enzymes were estimated.

Results:
The positive correlation was observed between duration of DM and duration of AN chewing habit. The habitual patients suffered from disease at an early age (36.25 ± 7.62 years) as compared to nonhabitual (47.56 ± 4.89 years). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between duration of disease and duration of habit with increased liver enzymes which is an important factor determining liver toxicity.

Conclusion:
A positive association was noted between AN habit and DM and also with liver toxicity.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine in One-Stage Full-Mouth Disinfection Treatment of Patients with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Sethiya Kiran Rajesh , Dhadse Prasad , Bajaj Pavan , Chimote Mosami , Subhadarsanee Chitrika , Hassan Safiya 
Published: March 2023

Background:
One-stage full-mouth disinfection (OSFMD) may provide more effective treatment in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) by targeting tissue-invasive bacteria. The present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) in OSFMD treatment of patients with GAP.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-two patients were randomly allotted into two groups: Group 1 (Test): 11 patients receiving OSFMD with NaOCl gel and mouthwash and Group 2 (Control): 11 patients receiving OSFMD with CHX gel and mouthwash. Clinical measurements such as plaque index (PI), modified sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 6 months.

Results:
Both groups showed a nonsignificant difference. At 6 months, mean PI, mSBI, PD, and CAL for the NaOCl group were 0.47 ± 0.23, 0.42 ± 0.15, 2.85 ± 0.61, and 3.06 ± 0.67, respectively, as against 0.35 ± 0.17, 0.30 ± 0.13, 3.04 ± 0.66, and 3.35 ± 0.86, respectively, for the CHX group. Using Student's t-test, patients in Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated no significant difference (P > 0.05) at the end of 6 months.

Conclusions:
Both treatment modalities seemed to benefit the patients. Although NaOCl is a safe, effective, and inexpensive antiseptic, its short-term use as a mouthwash and gel, at 0.05% concentration, does not contribute to any added clinical benefits in comparison with CHX in GAP patients. Further clinical research is required for testing the longer periods of administration and/or higher concentrations to signify whether this antimicrobial may truly be used as a long-term chemical plaque control.
Correlation of the Iris Diameter with the Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Central Incisor using Digital Image Analyzer
Authors: Lahoti Krishankumar S. , Kharwade Snehal V. , Pal Pratik J. 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the correlation between the horizontal visible iris diameters with the mesiodistal width of the central incisor respectively in the Central India population aged between 18 and 26 years.

Background:
Can the Iris Diameter be correlated with the mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor. If thus results obtained, the iris diameter can be used as a tool for the selection of maxillary anterior tooth in completely edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy Five Central Indian participants aged between 18 and 26 years participated in this study. Standardized digital photographs of the face generated from the frontal aspect were made using a digital camera. The measurements of the iris diameter and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor at the incisal edge, middle third, and cervical third were assessed with photoimaging software. The data obtained have undergone the statistical analysis by using the paired-sample t-test to compare the right and left sides, and independent-sample t-tests to compare between gender, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to evaluate the relationship between variables.

Results:
A positive correlation between the horizontal visible iris diameter and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor was found in men and women. In men, the r = 0.276, 0.373, 0.378 (right side) and 282, 158, 429 (left side) respectively were found for cervical third, middle third, and incisal third region. In women, the r = 0.329, 0.415, 0.192 (right side) and 0.053, 0.469, 0.163 (left side) were found respectively in cervical third, middle third, and incisal region were found.

Conclusions:
The conclusion was that the horizontal visible iris diameter can be used as a reference point to estimate the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor tooth.
A Prospective, Comparative Study Between the Use of the Proximal Femoral Nail and Trochanteric Support Plate for Management of Pertrochanteric Hip Fracture
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Pathak Abhishek , Pandey Shailendra , Raval Maharshi , Sharma Neha , Sharma Kamal 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The proximal femoral nail (PFN) and dynamic hip screw with trochanteric support plate are two implants used in the management of pertrochanteric hip fracture. In this study, we try to find out if one implant is better than the other.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 patients were included with 20 each in both the groups between August 2016 and February 2018 in this prospective observational study. All patients were recorded and analyzed for the length of incision (LoI), period of hospitalization (PoH), blood loss, time of union (ToU), duration of surgery (DoS), Parker and Palmer mobility score (PPMS), and Harris hip score (HHS).

Results:
PFN was found to have a statistical advantage over TFN in terms of LoI (6.4 vs. 14.7 cm.), DoS (70.65 vs. 105.25 min), blood loss (97.25 vs. 294.0 ml), ToU (14.9 vs. 17 days), and PoH (18.1 vs. 21.6 days). While PPMS (7.05 vs. 6.5) was comparable in both groups, HHS (90.25 vs. 81.6) was better in the PFN group.

Conclusions:
PFN was found to be a better minimally invasive implant for pertrochanteric fractures when closed reduction is possible in terms of LoI, PoH, ToU, DoS, blood loss, and HHS but not for PPMS.
The Development of Spondee Word in Garhwali Language
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sinha Kajal , Sharma Mukesh , Kumar Vikash , Ranjan Rajesh 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Garhwali is spoken by people in Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Dehradun, Rudraprayag, and Haridwar districts of Uttarakhand, India.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study focused on the development of spondee words in Garhwali language.

Materials and Methods:
The final spondee word list included 50 words. A total of 30 adults were participated in the present study. The test started with obtaining thresholds of AC and BC between the frequencies 250 and 8 KHz of the individual.

Results:
The mean pure tone average for frequencies 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz, and 4 KHz was 10.46 dBHL, then the spondee word list was presented at the level of 20 dBSL. The speech recognition threshold (SRT) mean threshold was 11 dBHL.

Conclusion:
This study provided evidence on the quality of being especially suitable for paired words for testing SRT in Garhwali people. This test material can be used in selecting appropriate rehabilitative options and also to measure the efficacy of different rehabilitative devices.
Dental Undergraduate Students Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thippeswamy H. M. , Anushree S. M. , Kumar M. N. , Pradeep Subbaiah 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Due to COVID-19 pandemic globally, regular schooling and teaching were disrupted and e-learning has become the major mode of teaching and learning from the age of childhood to professional colleges. After the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of dental undergraduates of Mysore city, India.

Methodology:
This present cross-sectional study was conducted among third and fourth BDS students of JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted in the month of September and October 2020. There were about 184 students present in both 3rd and 4th year BDS. The questionnaire was sent to all the students through SurveyMonkey. Out of 184 students, 134 students responded for the questionnaire and the response rate would be around 72.82%. Validity and reliability were assessed before finalizing the questionnaire.

Results:
Almost 90% of the students had a computer and Internet facilities and they have computer and Internet facilities. Two-thirds of the students preferred blended learning, i.e., a combination of e-learning and a traditional classroom environment, and that the assignments could be finished better in a traditional method. Regarding satisfaction, 80% of the students expressed dissatisfaction toward online learning.

Conclusion:
Although the dental students had computer and Internet facilities, they had negative perceptions and attitudes toward online learning. Almost all students favored the traditional method of learning.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare providers about perinatal depression in Himachal Pradesh—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Kaushal Sushruti , Priya Tanu 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Perinatal depression is defined as depression occurring in a woman during pregnancy or within 12 months of delivery. It has been associated with many poor outcomes, including maternal, child, and family unit challenges. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetricians and primary healthcare professionals so that the knowledge gap could be assessed and they could be educated regarding the screening and treatment/referral of patients with peripartum depression.Methods:The study used a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. The data were collected through an online survey among healthcare providers using the Google Forms application. Submission of filled questionnaire implied consent for participation. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. The results were reported as mean and percentages. All data were analysed using Excel software 2019.Results:A total of 53 doctors responded to participate in the study. More than 98% of them were aware of an entity called perinatal depression. Around 89% of the participants do not screen patients for the perinatal period routinely using a screening questionnaire. About 90% of participants agreed with the need for screening for perinatal depression. Less than 50% of participants had heard about the screening questionnaire for the same. Around 89% agreed that all health professionals should have skills in recognising and managing depression.Conclusion:There is a need to educate healthcare workers including obstetricians about screening for perinatal depression, thus improving the quality of life of perinatal women and preventing complications due to untreated depression.
Adverse events following COVID-19 immunisation (AEFI) at a COVID-19 vaccination centre: An observational analytical study
Authors: Shukla Vinita , Sachan Beena , Jauhari Sugandha , Bhardwaj Shubhankur , Pathak Anurag , Kandpal Sunil Dutt 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to determine the adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) in various age groups after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and assess the association of comorbidities with AEFI.Methods:An observational analytical study was conducted among the general population who had received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 389 participants from the 18–44 years age group, 380 participants from the 45–60 years age group and 373 participants from the 60 plus age group were enrolled in the study after verbal and written consent. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participant in each group. Home visits were made to fill out the semi-structured questionnaire for information regarding any adverse event following COVID-19 immunisation.Results:Overall, 31.9%, 19.74% and 15.17% of >60, 45–60 and 18–44 years, respectively, reported any AEFI after COVID-19 immunisation. The severity of AEFI was more among the 18–44 years age group (66.1%) followed by 45–60 years (30.67%) and less among the older one, that is, >60 years. Fever and pain with inflammation at the injection site were the most common AEFI reported after any dose. There was no association of comorbidity with the severity of AEFI.Conclusion:Since the AEFI reported are very less, most of them were of a minor type and were general immunogenic reactions of any vaccine. Hence the COVID-19 vaccines are very safe, and uptake should be high among all the recommended age groups to combat the severity of the COVID-19 disease.