bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherent backscattering in the topological Hall effect
Authors: Liu Hong , Atencia Rhonald Burgos , Medhekar Nikhil , Culcer Dimitrie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The mutual interplay between electron transport and magnetism has attracted considerable attention in recent years, primarily motivated by strategies to manipulate magnetic degrees of freedom electrically, such as spin–orbit torques and domain wall motion. Within this field the topological Hall effect, which originates from scalar spin chirality, is an example of inter-band quantum coherence induced by real-space inhomogeneous magnetic textures, and its magnitude depends on the winding number and chiral spin features that establish the total topological charge of the system. Remarkably, in the two decades since its discovery, there has been no research on the quantum correction to the topological Hall effect. Here we will show that, unlike the ordinary Hall effect, the inhomogeneous magnetization arising from the spin texture will give additional scattering terms in the kinetic equation, which result in a quantum correction to the topological Hall resistivity. We focus on two-dimensional systems, where weak localization is strongest, and determine the complicated gradient corrections to the Cooperon and kinetic equation. Whereas the weak localization correction to the topological Hall effect is not large in currently known materials, we show that it is experimentally observable in dilute magnetic semiconductors. Our theoretical results will stimulate experiments on the topological Hall effect and fill the theoretical knowledge gap on weak localization corrections to transverse transport.
Identification of protein–protein interaction bridges for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yazıcı Gözde , Kurt Vatandaslar Burcu , Aydin Canturk Ilknur , Aydinli Fatmagul I , Arici Duz Ozge , Karakoc Emre , Kerman Bilal E , Alkan Can 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Identifying and prioritizing disease-related proteins is an important scientific problem to develop proper treatments. Network science has become an important discipline to prioritize such proteins. Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease for which there is still no cure, is characterized by a damaging process called demyelination. Demyelination is the destruction of myelin, a structure facilitating fast transmission of neuron impulses, and oligodendrocytes, the cells producing myelin, by immune cells. Identifying the proteins that have special features on the network formed by the proteins of oligodendrocyte and immune cells can reveal useful information about the disease.

Results
We investigated the most significant protein pairs that we define as bridges among the proteins providing the interaction between the two cells in demyelination, in the networks formed by the oligodendrocyte and each type of two immune cells (i.e. macrophage and T-cell) using network analysis techniques and integer programming. The reason, we investigated these specialized hubs was that a problem related to these proteins might impose a bigger damage in the system. We showed that 61%–100% of the proteins our model detected, depending on parameterization, have already been associated with multiple sclerosis. We further observed the mRNA expression levels of several proteins we prioritized significantly decreased in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients. We therefore present a model, BriFin, which can be used for analyzing processes where interactions of two cell types play an important role.

Availability and implementation
BriFin is available at https://github.com/BilkentCompGen/brifin.
Multiscale adaptive differential abundance analysis in microbial compositional data
Authors: Wang Shulei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Differential abundance analysis is an essential and commonly used tool to characterize the difference between microbial communities. However, identifying differentially abundant microbes remains a challenging problem because the observed microbiome data are inherently compositional, excessive sparse, and distorted by experimental bias. Besides these major challenges, the results of differential abundance analysis also depend largely on the choice of analysis unit, adding another practical complexity to this already complicated problem.

Results
In this work, we introduce a new differential abundance test called the MsRDB test, which embeds the sequences into a metric space and integrates a multiscale adaptive strategy for utilizing spatial structure to identify differentially abundant microbes. Compared with existing methods, the MsRDB test can detect differentially abundant microbes at the finest resolution offered by data and provide adequate detection power while being robust to zero counts, compositional effect, and experimental bias in the microbial compositional dataset. Applications to both simulated and real microbial compositional datasets demonstrate the usefulness of the MsRDB test.

Availability and implementation
All analyses can be found under https://github.com/lakerwsl/MsRDB-Manuscript-Code.
Utilization of WATCHMAN FLX for surgically incomplete left atrial appendage occlusion: a multicentre case series
Authors: Golzarian Hafez , Mariam Alaha , Shah Sidra R , Pasley Benjamin A , Ansah Kofi N , Verma Anil , Mehzad Reza , Patel Sandeep M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, the vast majority of thrombi originate in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Thus, occluding the LAA significantly reduces one’s risk for developing an ischaemic stroke. To date, many different surgical methodologies in LAA occlusion (LAAO)/exclusion have been studied and utilized. Unfortunately, patients are often left with incomplete closure of their LAA, leaving behind residual lobes that continue to allow thrombus formations. With the recent rise in percutaneous approaches and devices such as the WATCHMAN FLX, there have been proven success rates in achieving total closure of the LAA. Reports and investigations regarding the utilization of WATCHMAN FLX devices in patients with surgically incomplete LAAO remain limited.

Case summary
We present three cases of patients who had previously undergone surgical exclusion of the LAA yet unfortunately were left with residual LAA that continued to place them at high risk for an ischaemic stroke. Percutaneous LAAO with the WATCHMAN FLX was utilized to successfully achieve complete sealing of the residual lobes in failed LAA surgical closures.

Discussion
Our multicentre case series elucidates that an increased risk of stroke due to surgical LAAO failure is a real-world possibility that is likely to be encountered in clinical practice. We demonstrate in this series how the WATCHMAN FLX may provide a feasible and safe method to supplement a surgically incomplete LAAO to allow for improved ischaemic stroke and systemic embolization risk reduction.
Global perspectives on field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt crops: a special collection
Authors: Tabashnik Bruce E , Carrière Yves , Wu Yidong , Fabrick Jeffrey A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Crops genetically engineered to produce insect-killing proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized management of some major pests, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Practical resistance, which is field-evolved resistance that reduces the efficacy of Bt crops and has practical implications for pest management, has been reported in 26 cases in seven countries involving 11 pest species. This special collection includes six original papers that present a global perspective on field-evolved resistance to Bt crops. One is a synthetic review providing a comprehensive global summary of the status of the resistance or susceptibility to Bt crops of 24 pest species in 12 countries. Another evaluates the inheritance and fitness costs of resistance of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera to Gpp34/Tpp35Ab (formerly called Cry34/35Ab). Two papers describe and demonstrate advances in techniques for monitoring field-evolved resistance. One uses a modified F2 screen for resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa zea in the United States. The other uses genomics to analyze nonrecessive resistance to Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera in China. Two papers provide multi-year monitoring data for resistance to Bt corn in Spain and Canada, respectively. The monitoring data from Spain evaluate responses to Cry1Ab of the corn borers Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis, whereas the data from Canada track responses of O. nubilalis to Cry1Ab, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, and Cry2Ab. We hope the new methods, results, and conclusions reported here will spur additional research and help to enhance the sustainability of current and future transgenic insecticidal crops.
The actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 modulates ciliary signalling
Authors: Brücker Lena , Becker Stefanie Kornelia , Maissl Vanessa , Harms Gregory , Parsons Maddy , May-Simera Helen Louise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrimary cilia are microtubule-based cell organelles important for cellular communication. Since they are involved in the regulation of numerous signalling pathways, defects in cilia development or function are associated with genetic disorders, collectively called ciliopathies. Besides their ciliary functions, recent research has shown that several ciliary proteins are involved in the coordination of the actin cytoskeleton. Although ciliary and actin phenotypes are related, the exact nature of their interconnection remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the protein BBS6, associated with the ciliopathy Bardet–Biedl syndrome, cooperates with the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 in regulating filopodia and ciliary signalling. We found that loss of Bbs6 affects filopodia length potentially via attenuated interaction with Fascin-1. Conversely, loss of Fascin-1 leads to a ciliary phenotype, subsequently affecting ciliary Wnt signalling, possibly in collaboration with BBS6. Our data shed light on how ciliary proteins are involved in actin regulations and provide new insight into the involvement of the actin regulator Fascin-1 in ciliogenesis and cilia-associated signalling. Advancing our knowledge of the complex regulations between primary cilia and actin dynamics is important to understand the pathogenic consequences of ciliopathies.
Contesting the Universality of the Refugee Convention: Decolonization and the Additional Protocol
Authors: Abraham Itty 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent scholarship has insightfully explored the colonial roots of the UN Refugee Convention of 1951. In this work I seek to extend this line of argument by situating the adoption of the Additional Protocol of the Refugee Convention (1967) in relation to the transformations of international order following the Second World War. Contra the conventional account, this article shows that the Additional Protocol was created in no small part due to fears that the UN Refugee Convention would be unable to claim universal status due to competing ‘regional’ refugee conventions. Breaking down four meanings of ‘universal’ and drawing on archival documents of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, I explore efforts by newly independent African and Asian countries to find voice in an exclusionary international order. Reading the Bangkok Principles and OAU Convention as collective subaltern resistance against efforts to discipline newly independent states offers new insights into contemporary international struggles and brings refugee studies into productive dialogue with critical international relations.
Cost-effectiveness of telehealth-delivered nutrition interventions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kelly Jaimon T , Law Lynette , De Guzman Keshia R , Hickman Ingrid J , Mayr Hannah L , Campbell Katrina L , Snoswell Centaine L , Erku Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
Telehealth-delivered nutrition interventions are effective in practice; however, limited evidence exists regarding their cost-effectiveness.

Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of telehealth-delivered nutrition interventions for improving health outcomes in adults with chronic disease.

Data sources
PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Embase databases were systematically searched from database inception to November 2021. Included studies were randomized controlled trials delivering a telehealth-delivered diet intervention conducted with adults with a chronic disease and that reported on cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analysis outcomes.

Data extraction
All studies were independently screened and extracted, and quality was appraised using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist.

Data analysis
All extracted data were grouped into subcategories according to their telehealth modality and payer perspective, and were analyzed narratively.

Results
Twelve randomized controlled trials comprising 5 phone-only interventions, 3 mobile health (mHealth), 2 online, and 1 each using a combination of phone–online or phone–mHealth interventions, were included in this review. mHealth interventions were the most cost-effective intervention in all studies. Across all telehealth interventions and cost analyses from health service perspectives, 60% of studies were cost-effective. From a societal perspective, however, 33% of studies reported that the interventions were cost-effective. Of the 10 studies using cost-utility analyses, 3 were cost saving and more effective, making the intervention dominant, 1 study reported no difference in costs or effectiveness, and the remaining 6 studies reported increased cost and effectiveness, meaning payers must decide whether this falls within an acceptable willingness-to-pay threshold for them. Quality of study reporting varied with between 63% to 92%, with an average of 77% of CHEERS items reported.

Conclusion
Telehealth-delivered nutrition interventions in chronic disease populations appear to be cost-effective from a health perspective, and particularly mHealth modalities. These findings support telehealth-delivered nutrition care as a clinically beneficial, cost-effective intervention delivery modality.
The Impact of Initial Specimen Diversion Systems on Blood Culture Contamination
Authors: Al Mohajer Mayar , Lasco Todd 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Blood culture contamination is associated with increased antimicrobial use, length of stay, and hospital cost. To address this problem, blood culture diversion has been developed as an additional measure to reduce contamination to targeted goals. Three different versions were proposed, including an open technique and 2 commercially available devices. This study aims to review the existing literature and analyze evidence for these 3 techniques.
Transcriptome and DNA methylome divergence of inflorescence development between 2 ecotypes in Panicum hallii
Authors: Weng Xiaoyu , Song Haili , Sreedasyam Avinash , Haque Taslima , Zhang Li , Chen Cindy , Yoshinaga Yuko , Williams Melissa , O’Malley Ronan C , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Juenger Thomas E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The morphological diversity of the inflorescence determines flower and seed production, which is critical for plant adaptation. Hall's panicgrass (Panicum hallii, P. hallii) is a wild perennial grass that has been developed as a model to study perennial grass biology and adaptive evolution. Highly divergent inflorescences have evolved between the 2 major ecotypes in P. hallii, the upland ecotype (P. hallii var hallii, HAL2 genotype) with compact inflorescence and large seed and the lowland ecotype (P. hallii var filipes, FIL2 genotype) with an open inflorescence and small seed. Here we conducted a comparative analysis of the transcriptome and DNA methylome, an epigenetic mark that influences gene expression regulation, across different stages of inflorescence development using genomic references for each ecotype. Global transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and co-expression modules underlying the inflorescence divergence revealed the potential role of cytokinin signaling in heterochronic changes. Comparing DNA methylome profiles revealed a remarkable level of differential DNA methylation associated with the evolution of P. hallii inflorescence. We found that a large proportion of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in the flanking regulatory regions of genes. Intriguingly, we observed a substantial bias of CHH hypermethylation in the promoters of FIL2 genes. The integration of DEGs, DMRs, and Ka/Ks ratio results characterized the evolutionary features of DMR-associated DEGs that contribute to the divergence of the P. hallii inflorescence. This study provides insights into the transcriptome and epigenetic landscape of inflorescence divergence in P. hallii and a genomic resource for perennial grass biology.
New bone formation at the sacroiliac joint in axial spondyloarthritis: characterization of backfill in MRI and CT
Authors: Diekhoff Torsten , Poddubnyy Denis , Proft Fabian , Ziegeler Katharina , Deppe Dominik , Niedermeier Christoph , Hermann Kay Geert A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
MRI findings of the SI joint space in axial SpA (axSpA) include inflammation and fat metaplasia inside an erosion; the latter is also termed ‘backfill’. We compared such lesions with CT to better characterize whether they represent new bone formation.

Methods
We identified patients with axSpA who underwent both CT and MRI of the SI joints in two prospective studies. MRI datasets were jointly screened by three readers for joint space–related findings and grouped into three categories: type A—high short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and low T1 signal; type B—high signal in both sequences; type C—low STIR and high T1 signal. Image fusion was used to identify MRI lesions in CT before we measured Hounsfield units (HU) in each lesion and surrounding cartilage and bone.

Results
Ninety-seven patients with axSpA were identified and we included 48 type A, 88 type B, and 84 type C lesions (maximum 1 lesion per type and joint). The HU values were 73.6 (s.d. 15.0) for cartilage, 188.0 (s.d. 69.9) for spongious bone, 1086.0 (s.d. 100.3) for cortical bone, 341.2 (s.d. 96.7) for type A, 359.3 (s.d. 153.5) for type B and 446.8 (s.d. 123.0) for type C lesions. Lesion HU values were significantly higher than those for cartilage and spongious bone, but lower than those for cortical bone (P &lt; 0.001). Type A and B lesions showed similar HU values (P = 0.93), whereas type C lesions were denser (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
All joint space lesions show increased density and might contain calcified matrix, suggesting new bone formation, with a gradual increase in the proportion of calcified matrix towards type C lesions (backfill).
Clusters based on demography, disease phenotype, and autoantibody status predicts mortality in lupus: data from Indian lupus cohort (INSPIRE)
Authors: Kavadichanda Chengappa , Ganapathy Sachit , Kounassegarane Deepika , Rajasekhar Liza , Dhundra Bhavani , Srivastava Akansha , Manuel Sandra , Shobha Vineeta , Swarna C Brilly , Mathew Ashish J , Singh Dalbir , Rathi Manish , Tripathy Saumya Ranjan , Das Bidyut , Akhtar Md Dilshad , Gupta Ranjan , Jain Avinash , Ghosh Parasar , Negi Vir Singh , Aggarwal Amita ,   for the INSPIRE Group
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
SLE is associated with significant mortality, and data from South Asia is limited. Thus, we analysed the causes and predictors of mortality and hierarchical cluster-based survival in the Indian SLE Inception cohort for Research (INSPIRE).

Methods
Data for patients with SLE was extracted from the INSPIRE database. Univariate analyses of associations between mortality and a number of disease variables were conducted. Agglomerative unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken using 25 variables defining the SLE phenotype. Survival rates across clusters were assessed using non-adjusted and adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results
Among 2072 patients (with a median follow-up of 18 months), there were 170 deaths (49.2 deaths per 1000 patient-years) of which cause could be determined in 155 patients. 47.1% occurred in the first 6 months. Most of the mortality (n = 87) were due to SLE disease activity followed by coexisting disease activity and infection (n = 24), infections (n = 23), and 21 to other causes. Among the deaths in which infection played a role, 24 had pneumonia. Clustering identified four clusters, and the mean survival estimates were 39.26, 39.78, 37.69 and 35.86 months in clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) were significant for cluster 4 [2.19 (1.44, 3.31)], low socio-economic-status [1.69 (1.22, 2.35)], number of BILAG-A [1.5 (1.29, 1.73)] and BILAG-B [1.15 (1.01, 1.3)], and need for haemodialysis [4.63 (1.87,11.48)].

Conclusion
SLE in India has high early mortality, and the majority of deaths occur outside the health-care setting. Clustering using the clinically relevant variables at baseline may help identify individuals at high risk of mortality in SLE, even after adjusting for high disease activity.
Effect of integrated intervention to prevent child drowning in rural areas of Guangdong, China: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meng Ruilin , Xu Haofeng , Zhang Mingqu , Ye Pengpeng , Zhou Zhishan , Zhu Xuhao , Li Xingru , Lin Lifeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrowning is the leading cause of death for children under the age of 15 years in Guangdong Province, China. This serious public health issue also exists in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which have few value-integrated intervention programs. The current study presents an integrated intervention project that aims to explore an effective pattern of prevention for child drowning in rural areas and feasibility to perform in other LMICs.MethodsWe conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial by comparing the incidence of non-fatal drowning among children in two groups in rural areas of southern China. We recruited the participants in two phases and reached a total of 10 687 students from 23 schools at two towns in Guangdong Province, China. At the first and second phases, 8966 and 1721 students were recruited, respectively.ResultsThe final evaluation questionnaires were collected after 18 months of integrated intervention, where we obtained 9791 data from Grades 3–9. The incidence of non-fatal drowning between the intervention and control groups after intervention did not differ significantly from the baseline according to the total number of students, male students, female students and Grades 6–9 [0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.66, 1.00]; p = 0.05, 1.17; 95% CI: [0.90, 1.51]; p = 0.25, 1.40; 95% CI: [0.97, 2.02]; p = 0.07 and 0.97; 95% CI: [0.70, 1.34]; p = 0.86], except for Grades 3–5 (1.36; 95% CI: [1.02, 1.82]; p = 0.037). The study observed a significantly positive benefit of awareness and risk behaviours of non-fatal drowning between the intervention and control groups (0.27, 95% CI: [0.21, 0.33]; p = 0.00, −0.16; 95% CI: [−0.24, −0.08]; p = 0.00).ConclusionsThe integrated intervention exerted a significant impact on the prevention and management of child non-fatal drowning, especially in rural areas.