bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Savings transition in Asia: Unity in diversity
Authors: Athukorala Prema-chandra , Suanin Wanissa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the national savings behaviour in the process of economic growth through a comparative analysis of countries in developing Asia from a historical perspective. Developing Asia provides an ideal laboratory for the study with considerable differences in the savings behaviour among countries and over time within individual countries, notwithstanding the ‘model saver’ image based on the average savings rate. The empirical analysis distinguishes between private and government savings rates, with specific emphasis on the former. The findings are consistent with the view of ‘virtuous circle’ between growth and savings, with growth initiating the savings transition. No evidence to suggest that a prior phase of promoting savings through specific policy initiatives is needed to initiate the process of growth and structural transformation. The private savings rate is associated positively with per capita gross domestic product, export orientation, and foreign resource inflows and negatively with the young dependency ratio of the population and domestic credit availability.
JEL classification:D15, E21, O47, O53
Event horizon detection: Zenith view as seen by falling into a Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Iida Yukiyoshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To visualize what is seen by an observer in curved spacetime, both general relativistic effects and special relativistic effects need to be considered. In this study, the author analytically proved that the zenith view seen by an observer falling freely into a Schwarzschild black hole (that is, the observer’s view of the point on the opposite side of the black hole) becomes enlarged, ``redder,'' and darker as the observer falls from an arbitrary initial rest position. An equation expressing the magnification factor of the zenith view (as seen by a falling observer) was also derived. The derived factor characterizes the brightness and frequency of light observed to emanate from the zenith view. Using these results, the author derived visualizations of the zenith views for various scenarios. As expressed by the derivations presented here, the moment when the observer sees the zenith view appear twice as large compared to the initial rest position coincides with the crossing of the event horizon---the threshold beyond which no return is possible; that is, a freely falling observer can detect the horizon through the simple procedure of continuing to observe the zenith view. This result implies that the effect of aberration (as described by special relativity) dominates the effect of light deflection (as described by general relativity) while the observer is falling.
Nomogram for predicting postoperative overall survival of elderly patients with soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Huang Zhangheng , Zhao Zhen , Zhou Zhigang , Kong Qingquan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: With the aging world population, the incidence of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the elderly gradually increases and the prognosis is poor. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the relevant risk factors affecting the postoperative overall survival in elderly STS patients and to provide some guidance and assistance in clinical treatment.
Methods: The study included 2,353 elderly STS patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. To find independent predictive variables, we employed the Cox proportional risk regression, model. R software was used to develop and validate the nomogram model to predict postoperative overall survival. The performance and practical value of the nomogram were evaluated using calibration curves, the area under the curve, and decision curve analysis.
Results: Age, tumor primary site, disease stage, tumor size, tumor grade, N stage, and marital status, are the risk variables of postoperative overall survival, and the prognostic model was constructed on this basis. In the two sets, both calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the nomogram had high predictive accuracy and discriminative power, while decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model had good clinical usefulness.
Conclusions: A predictive nomogram was designed and tested to evaluate postoperative overall survival in elderly STS patients. The nomogram allows clinical practitioners to more accurately evaluate the prognosis of individual patients, facilitates the progress of individualized treatment, and provides clinical guidance.
Clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a case series
Authors: Hongyu Wang , Yihao Li , Meng Zhao , Caihong Ren , Sisen Zhang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
After cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) will appear due to extensive brain injury. PSH is a serious clinical syndrome, and it is often treated with drugs. However, the application of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment(HBOT) of PSH is rarely reported in the literature.We aimed to investigate the clinical effects of single-chamber pure oxygen treatment on PSH following CPR.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed clinical data of four patients treated at our hospital who developed signs of PSH post-CPR and received HBOT at an early stage to assess the clinical effects of HBOT on PSH.
Results
Following 3–4 HBOT sessions, signs of PSH were substantially diminished, and patients’ Clinical Symptom Scale scores decreased significantly. The time to awakening was 34, 25, 38, and 28 days for cases 1–4, respectively.
Conclusions
HBOT alleviated PSH, reduced brain damage, and promoted a return to full consciousness. HBOT efficacy was significant in these patients, and promoting HBOT in the clinical setting is recommended.
A qualitative investigation of paediatric intensive care staff attitudes towards the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in the molecular diagnostics era
Authors: Clark John Alexander , Morris Andrew Conway , Kanaris Constantinos , Inwald David , Butt Warwick , Osowicki Joshua , Schlapbach Luregn , Curran Martin D , White Deborah , Daubney Esther , Agrawal Shruti , Navapurkar Vilas , Török M. Estée , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In the past decade, molecular diagnostic syndromic arrays incorporating a range of bacterial and viral pathogens have been described. It is unclear how paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staff diagnose lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and integrate diagnostic array results into antimicrobial decision-making.
Methods
An online survey with eleven questions was distributed throughout paediatric intensive care societies in the UK, continental Europe, and Australasia. Participants were asked to rate the clinical factors and investigations they used when prescribing for LRTI. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with staff who participated in a single-centre observational study of a 52-pathogen diagnostic array.
Results
Seventy-two survey responses were received; most were from senior doctors. Whilst diagnostic arrays were used less frequently than routine investigations (i.e. microbiological culture), they were of comparable perceived utility when making antimicrobial decisions. Prescribers reported that for arrays to be clinically impactful, they would need to deliver results within six hours for stable patients and within one hour for unstable patients to inform their immediate decision to prescribe antimicrobials. From 16 staff interviews, we identified that arrays were helpful for the diagnosis and screening of bacterial LRTI. Staff reported it could be challenging to interpret results in some cases due to the high sensitivity of the test. Therefore, results were considered within the context of the patient and discussed within the multidisciplinary team.
Conclusions
Diagnostic arrays were considered of comparable value to microbiological investigations by PICU prescribers. Our findings support the need for further clinical and economic evaluation of diagnostic arrays in a randomised control trial.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04233268, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04233268. Registered 18 January 2020.
Generators' inertia assessment by state estimation
Authors: Ramirez Juan M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper merges two well-known strategies to estimate the inertia of synchronous generators in operation: (i) the extended Kalman filter (EKF) state estimation is used to estimate state variables. On the other hand, (ii) a novel and accurate method is used to calculate the rate-of-change of frequency (RoCoF) from the estimated angular velocity or position. The primary assumption lies in the fact that it is assumed that it is possible to have the measurement of the frequency or angular velocity in the machine under study. Furthermore, calculations become more precise using the RoCoF than the derivatives calculated in the transient stability algorithm, mainly under the integration step utilised there. Thus, an accurate inertia estimation is achieved by combining these two tools. Results are presented for the 16-generator system.
Social Media Posts as a Window into Mental Health: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ganie Aadil , Dadvandipour Samad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mental health is a crucial factor influencing the overall well-being of humans, which has gained significant attention in recent times due to the high prevalence of mental health disorders and their detrimental effects on individuals and society. In an attempt to tackle this pressing issue, researchers have explored the possibility of using the copious amounts of data available on social media platforms to predict and classify mental health status. In our study, we analyzed three datasets: the first one comprising 7 classes (depression, anxiety, autism, mental health, schizophrenia, BPD, and bipolar), the second dataset comprising 2 classes (positive and negative), and the third dataset comprising 2 classes (suicide and non-suicide). The final dataset included 14 classes, with 7 belonging to the non-suicidal subset and 7 belonging to the suicidal subset. We employed logistic regression, support vector machines, and multinomial naive Bayes for classification and prediction, and evaluated the performance of our models using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and confusion matrices. The logistic regression model outperformed the other models, achieving an accuracy of 80%. Our models have been deployed using streamlit, providing a user-friendly interface for predicting mental health status and risk for suicidal ideation. If the prediction of the social media post falls within the suicide subset class, a chatbot (GPT2) will be activated in an effort to engage the individual with suicidal ideation and reduce the likelihood of suicide. Our research serves as a helpful tool for mental health professionals and has the potential to be extended to other platforms, addressing the urgent need to detect and address mental health issues and suicidal ideation.
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Stomach: An Unexpected Phenomenon of the Disease
Authors: Hosseini Akram , Rouhi Tina , Nematollahi Mahvash , Shiravani Javad Shokri 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal (GI) melanomas are uncommon, and the stomach is a rare site for metastasis and accounts for 27% of the cases with GI tract metastatic melanoma. Clinical manifestations are usually nonspecific, and many patients are asymptomatic until the disease progresses further, but may be presented with nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena, and iron deficiency. The prognosis is very poor, and the median survival of the patient is 4 to 6 months. The diagnosis is confirmed with postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical study. Treatment options include surgical resection, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
Case Presentation:
The presented case is a 71-year-old male, previously diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma of the left retroauricular region, that presented with upper GI tract symptoms and cervical lymphadenopathies about one year after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. An upper GI endoscopy was done, and a pathological examination of the biopsy specimen confirmed the metastatic melanoma of the stomach.
Conclusion
Regarding the unfavorable outcome of gastric metastatic melanoma, the treatment choice is still under investigation. However, early diagnosis is important for the appropriate assessment of patients as candidates for surgical interventions.
The Role of Double Skin Facade Configurations on Optimizing Building Energy Performance in Erbil City
Authors: Naddaf Mohammed Siyamand , Baper Salahaddin Yasin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carefully designing a building façade is the most crucial way to save energy. A double skin façade is one of the effective strategies for achieving energy efficiency. This depends on the configuration chosen for the double skin façade that synchronizes with climate conditions. The study aims to investigate the best-case scenario with appropriate double-skin façade configuration for optimizing building energy performance. A methodology for optimizing the building's initial condition was introduced using EnergyPlus and ClimateStudio according to the one-year period of Erbil city. Analyzation of double skin parameters performed through utilizing a multi-objective analysis approach. Four geometric configurations were assessed; building-high, story-high, shaft-box, and box-window. The results offered annual and seasonal consumption curves for each orientation. Shaft-box double skin façade significantly reduces the amount of cooling energy due to massive airflow between two skins. a significant drop in the annual cooling demand of 9–14%. The use of an appropriate double skin façade greatly benefits Erbil city climate as it can result in annual energy savings of up to 116,574 kWh.
Decreased Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Infections among elder Inpatients in General Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Lihua , Chen Jin , Qu Shuang , Niu Xiaoting , Zhu Ruixia , Hu Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In order to avoid nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, various prevention and control measures have been strictly implemented in medical institutions. These strict measures can probably reduce the incidence of hospital acquired respiratory infections. We conducted this study to assess changes in the prevalence of hospital acquired respiratory infections during a period of national attention to the prevention the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients from October to December 2019 and from October to December 2020. The diagnostic of hospital acquired respiratory infections was based on CDC/NHSN criteria. We compared the incidence and mortality rate of hospital acquired respiratory infections between these 2 periods. We also used multivariate logistics regression analysis for risk factors associated with mortality.
Results
In 2020, a total of 2921 patients’ data were surveyed, as compared with 2211 patients in 2019. Incidence of hospital acquired respiratory infections was lower in 2020 (2.9% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.001). In hospital mortality of patients with hospital acquired respiratory infections had no significant difference (38.4% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.252). Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that severe pneumonia (RR = 28.235, 95%CI: 10.122, 78.759, p = 0.000), previous malignant tumor (RR = 4.599, 95%CI: 1.768, 11.963, p = 0.002) and cardiac injury (RR = 2.264, 95%CI: 0.935, 5.485, p = 0.07) were associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Conclusions
The incidence of hospital acquired respiratory tract infections was significantly decreased during COVID-19 period as a result of the adoption of infection prevention and control measures in medical institutions. Elder patients with severe pneumonia and previous malignant tumor were at high risk for death in hospital.
A Pseudo-Inverse for Substitution Integral Operators
Authors: Moayyerizadeh Zahra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we characterize substitution integral operators that have closed ranges on L2(µ). Next, we give an explicit formula for the pseudo inverse (Tφu )† of a substitution integral operator Tφu on L2(µ) space using conditional expectation operators.
Comparison of surgical parameters employing the NGenuity 3D Visual System vs. Conventional Surgical Microscope in Phacoemulsification surgery
Authors: -Giles Claudia Cáceres , Sánchez-Hoil Alejandro , Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose To compare the surgical parameters used during cataract phacoemulsification surgery and the complication rate using two visualization systems, the NGENUITY® 3D Visualization System (3D) and the binocular microscope (BM).
Methods A total of 76 eyes of 76 consecutive patients underwent cataract and retinal surgery at the same surgical time, 34 (44.7%) in the BM group and 42 (55.3%) in the 3D group. Cataracts graded NII to NIII using LOCS II were included. At the end of the phacoemulsification surgery, the surgical parameters were recorded. In addition, the success rate for performing anterior continuous circular capsulorhexis, in-the-bag IOL placement, and the rate of complications were registered and compared.
Results A median age of 57 ± 16 years was found (range 28–84), and no significant difference was evident between both groups. Forty-nine patients (64.4%) were included in the BM group, and 27 (35.5%) were in the 3D group. The median CDE used in the BM group was 4.12 pcs (IQR 2.82-6.64); in the 3D group, it was 3.88 pcs (IQR 2.46-8.28) p = 0.751. In the quadrant extraction time, the median was 302.0 sec (IQR±146.5) in the MB group and 294.0 sec (IQR±500.0) in the 3D group with a p= 0.829. No complications were reported in either group.
Conclusion The NGENUITY® 3D Visualization System performs similarly to that achieved with the MB in phacoemulsification surgery in patients with retinal pathology.
Controlling Hybrid Transformers by Lyapunov Method for Application in Smart Distribution Network
Authors: Fereydouni Mahmoud , Rokrok Esmaeel , Taheri Shamsodin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The hybrid distribution transformer (HDT) is one of the essential pieces of equipment for future smart distribution networks. This paper proposes a control scheme based on the Lyapunov energy function (LEF) with output voltage feedback loops for the HDT series converter to overcome the limitations of the existing HDT control schemes, including steady-state error (SSE), and improve the transient response of the distribution network. Accordingly, an energy function is defined based on the energy of the series converter. The switching functions resulting from the control scheme based on the single-loop direct Lyapunov method (DLM) cause a significant SSE in the output voltage and distort the output voltage waveforms. The output voltage feedback loops of the LV network were added to the switching variables resulting from the LEF to fix SSE, achieve fast-tracking of the reference voltage, and compensate for the sag or swell of the of the grid. Simulation and experimental results on an HDT experiment prototype confirmed the proposed control method's steady state and dynamic performance. As a result of combining the output voltage feedback loops in the control variables, the proposed method has stable and dynamic performance in fast-tracking the reference voltage and robustness to parametric uncertainty in the proposed HDT series converter. Simple implementation and understanding are other advantages of the proposed control scheme.
Knowledge and Awareness of Sudanese Women toward Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Hussein Abdulaziz A.A , Alamin Asma , Mohammed Magdoleen S.H , Adil Sara , Saeed Esraa , Ahussine Amna , Salih Alsadig , Alawd Alwaleed M.A , Adil Sondos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The most frequent cancer in women is breast cancer (BC), which unfortunately have a high mortality in Sudan whereas the most of patients are diagnosed at late stages of this disease sequence either due to a lack of awareness or unviability of screening programs.
objective: to asses of the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer detection among Sudanese women 2022 - 2023.
Material and Methods: a community representative descriptive cross - sectional study of women aged 17 to 70 years in different Sudanese provinces were included using semi-structural interviewed questionnaire.
Results: out of 200 participants, mean age 39.8 (±12.13) years and the majority of them were aged between 41 and 50 years 54 (27%). 120 (60%) had no prior experience with breast cancer at all and 73 (36.5%) had never heard of breast self-examination for BC. The study resulted that the dominant of interviewed women 181 (90.5%) had a good awareness of breast cancer, 161 (80.5%) believed that breast screening must require for early detection of breast tumors. Breast changes, discharge and lump pain were the common prevalent reasons for breast screening in this study 95 (38.7%), 46 (18.7%) and 45 (18.3). It was clear that education level has a significant effect in the level of knowledge of breast cancer and its diagnostic screening tools among participants, with graduated women having adequate knowledge in comparison to whom not graduated women 92 (50.5%) and 89 (49.2%) (p value = 0.004 < 0.05). As well, the central resident participants had a good knowledge about breast cancer 112 (70 %) in compare with other residents.
Conclusion: awareness and knowledge of BC detection increase with increasing educational level and central urban living, there is an urgent need for an intensive breast cancer awareness programs and the availability of screening centers authorities in Sudanese periphery areas.
Changes in the pituitary — thyroid system during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Altshuler N. E. , Kutcyi M. B. , Gubarev K. K. , Bagzhanov G. I. , Popugaev Konstantin A. 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION: The severity of the patient's condition that required ECMO and the changes observed in the pituitary — thyroid system (decreased T4 and T3 levels, low-normal or decreased TSH level) can be considered as a lack of body reserves due to the developed critical illness. OBJECTIVES: Study changes of TSH, T3, T4 levels during the ECMO procedure, during weaning/death on the ECMO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective observational study was performed in intensive care unit (47 patients on ECMO). After connecting ECMO (D0), (D1-D3-D5-D7-D9), and until the completion of ECMO, assessment of TSH, FT4, FT3 levels was carried out. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of changes in thyroid hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels in blood plasma during ECMO, at ECMO weaning/death on ECMO. RESULTS: On the day of ECMO (D 0) and every second day, median FT4 levels were D0 (p = 0.03); D1 (p = 0.03); D3 (p = 0.05), D11 (p = 0.02) and last observation day (p = 0.009) between surviving and dying patients respectively. T3 level D5 (3.1–1.9; p = 0.002); D11 (3.7–2.5; p = 0.05), last day of follow-up (3.1–2; p = 0.001), respectively. On the last day of ECMO between the survived and non-survived patients there were the following: differences in TSH levels; negative correlation of lactate levels, SOFA score and FT3, TSH, FT4. The analysis of the ROC curve (low levels of FT3, FT4, TSH in plasma in patients on the last day of ECMO) indicates a prognostically unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The moment of ECMO connection initiation is regarded as subacute phase critical illness. Along with a high level of plasma lactate and high score of SOFA scale, the level of decrease in FT3, FT4 and TSH in patients correlates with the lethal outcome. Low levels of TSH, FT4, and FT3 may be considered as a predictor of adverse outcome at the time of weaning/death on ECMO.