bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A246 BALLOON-OCCLUDED RETROGRADE TRANSVENOUS OBLITERATION FOR PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS OF GASTRIC VARICEAL BLEEDING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Howarth N C , Little D , Mujoomdar A , Cool D , Hocking D , Teriaky A , Qumosani K , Khan Q , Robert S , Brahmania M , Peck D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Gastric variceal (GV) bleeding is an infrequent but serioous complication of cirrhosis that is associated with high mortality. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) is an effective treatment to prevent rebleeding from GV. The role of BRTO for primary prophylaxis of GV bleeding has not been established.

Purpose
The aim of the current study is to establish the efficacy and safety of BRTO for primary prophylaxis of GV bleeding.

Method
We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 2021. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies involving adults with cirrhosis related GV that had never bled and were treated with BRTO were included. Studies without clinical outcomes or those not reporting primary prophylaxis outcomes separately were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Result(s)
We identified 791 unique citations with 9 eligible studies after a full-text review. A total of 577 patients were included from 9 observational studies (1 prospective, 8 retrospective). Technical success after the first procedure ranged from 82.4-100% (7 studies) and GV eradication on follow-up endoscopy ranged from 88.2-100% (4 studies). GV bleeding occurred in 0-7.3% of patients with follow-up ranging from 15.8-66.2 months (9 studies). Eight studies were considered at high risk of bias due to the lack of a control group or poor comparability between the cohorts.

Conclusion(s)
BRTO appears to be effective for primary prophylaxis of GV bleeding. Further controlled studies are needed before BRTO can be routinely performed for primary prevention of gastric variceal bleeding.

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None

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
A257 ASSOCIATION OF DIETITIAN CONSULTATION WITH INFECTION RATES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: Yau M T K , Tsien C , Bielawska B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with alcoholic hepatitis have significant morbidity and mortality, frequently infection related. They are often malnourished from increased nutritional demands. Studies show conflicting results on whether nutritional therapy reduces infections.

Purpose
To examine if dietitian consultation is associated with lower infection rates in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.

Method
Retrospective chart review of adults aged 18-75 admitted to The Ottawa Hospital for severe alcoholic hepatitis between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. Patients with co-existing liver diseases were excluded. Descriptive statistics compared those with and without dietitian consultation during admission. The primary exposure was dietitian consultation over 48 hours before infection. The primary outcome was infection over 48 hours after admission.

Result(s)
64 patients were assessed (mean age 52.3+/-10.9 years; mean Maddrey Discriminant Function 53.6+/-33.2). Those with dietitian consultation (N=17, 26.6%) had greater Charlson (p=0.016) and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (p=0.048) scores, with no difference in steroid use (p=0.60). Among 53 patients without infection on admission, 10 had infection in hospital, of whom 4 had dietitian consultation before infection. Dietitian consultation was associated with increased infection risk (OR 6.5, 95%CI=1.3-33.2).

Conclusion(s)
Only the sickest patients received dietitian consultation, which likely explains the observed increased infection risk. Given high malnutrition rates in this population, our results suggest a significant care gap.

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None

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
A270 THE PREBIOTIC, INULIN, IMPACTS TUMORIGENESIS PROMOTION BY COLIBACTIN-PRODUCING
Authors: Oliero M , Hajjar R , Cuisiniere T , Fragoso G , Calvé A , Santos M M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The prebiotic inulin has previously shown both protective and tumor-promoting effects in colorectal cancer. These discrepancies may be due to polyketide synthase-positive (pks+) Escherichia coli promoting carcinogenesis through the production of colibactin, a genotoxin that induces double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs).

Purpose
In this study we investigated the impact of inulin on the genotoxicity of colibactin-producing bacteria.

Method
E. coli strains Nissle (EcN), and NC101 (EcNC101) were grown in medium supplemented with inulin. Colibactin expression was assessed by luciferase reporter gene expression and Caco2 cells were used to assess colibactin-induced genotoxicity by γ-H2AX immunofluorescence analysis. ApcMin/+ mice received 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) followed by oral gavage with EcNC101 and were fed a diet supplemented with 10% cellulose (control diet) or 10% inulin for four weeks.

Result(s)
Inulin enhanced EcNC101-induced expression of colibactin and DSB levels in Caco2 cells. Inulin supplementation in ApcMin/+ mice led to enhanced EcNC101 colonization and tumor progression.

Conclusion(s)
The presence of colibactin producing E. coli in the gut influences the outcome of inulin supplementation in CRC progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the interaction between dietary supplements and cancer-promoting bacteria.

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CIHR, Other

Please indicate your source of funding;
NSERC, Institut du cancer de montréal

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
A271 THE MODULATION OF INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION BY PARABACTEROIDES GOLDSTEINII IN EXPERIMENTAL MURINE COLITIS
Authors: Gerkins C , Oliero M , Hajjar R , Vennin Rendos H , Fragoso G , Calvé A , Diop K , Routy B , Santos M M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), comprised mainly of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation. Though the etiology of IBDs is not entirely understood, it is thought that an imbalance of the gut microbiota is one contributing factor, making it a potential target for the treatment of IBDs.

Purpose
This study aims to examine how the potential probiotic Parabacteroides goldsteinii modulates intestinal inflammation in the context of experimental colitis.

Method
Wild type C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups. One group was given phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via oral gavage without any further treatment. The second group was treated with 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for twelve days induce colitis and given PBS every three days. Finally, the third group was also treated with 1% DSS for twelve days and given P. goldsteinii via oral gavage every three days. Weight loss, stool consistency, and intestinal bleeding were monitored and were used to calculate the Disease Activity Index (DAI) daily. Postmortem, colon length was measured, and inflammation score was evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained samples of the colon and spleen. Finally, inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the colon tissue and the serum by multiplex assay.

Result(s)
Colonization was confirmed at day three after gavage by real-time PCR. Preliminary results show that DSS-treated mice lost significantly more weight by day twelve than mice colonized with P. goldsteinii. Additionally, on days eight and twelve, mice colonized with P. goldsteinii had significantly lower DAI scores than mice that received only PBS. Finally, mice colonized with P. goldsteinii had significantly longer colons than those that received only PBS.

Conclusion(s)
The preliminary data indicates that mice colonized with P. goldsteinii had less severe symptoms of colitis than mice only given PBS. This suggests that P. goldsteinii may attenuate inflammation in mice treated with DSS.

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CIHR

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
A275 MECHANOSENSITIVE KCA2 + 1.1 CHANNEL MEDIATES INTRALUMINAL DISTENSION-INDUCED CALCIUM INFLUX IN ENTERIC NEURONS
Authors: Wongkrasant P , CAVIN J -B , Balemba O , MacNaughton W , Sharkey K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the extensive neural network within the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is essential for the control of gut function. However, the mechanisms whereby the ENS responds to the mechanical forces associated with distension are not well understood, and this has implications for gut function in health and disease.

Purpose
This study aims to determine the mechanisms underlying the responsiveness of enteric neural circuits in the myenteric plexus to intraluminal distension.

Method
Intact segments of the colon from mice expressing a genetically encoded fluorescent calcium reporter specifically in enteric neurons (Wnt-1-GCaMP6 mice) or cholinergic neurons (Chat-GCaMP6 mice) were bathed and luminally perfused with Krebs solution in a custom-designed chamber (35-37°C, 95% O2 ,5% CO2, pH 7.4). Intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence in enteric neurons was visualized by live-cell confocal microscopy and was analyzed using Imaris™ software. Intraluminal distension was accomplished either by increasing luminal perfusion pressure or using colonic preparations containing natural fecal pellets. The degree of intraluminal distension produced by perfusion was defined by the relative distance between identified neurons in preparation and is expressed as a percentage increase in the distance between them. Distension was studied over a range from 0-75%. The degree of distension produced by a fecal pellet in the distal colon is approximately 75%.

Result(s)
Intraluminal distension significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence in most (&gt;85%) of neurons of the myenteric plexus. When the colon was distended, the response to depolarization by KCl, a general cell depolarization activator, and DMPP, a nicotinic receptor agonist in Wnt1-cre GCaMP6 mice and Chat GCaMP6 mice, respectively was substantially inhibited. To identify how distention induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence and inhibited depolarization, pharmacological inhibitors of mechanosensitive ion channels were used. The nonspecific mechanosensitive channel inhibitor, gadolinium (50 mM) and the Kca1.1 channel inhibitor, paxilline (10 mM), both significantly reduced the luminal distension-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence. The effect of luminal distension-inhibited cell depolarization by KCl recovered in the presence of paxilline. This was not observed in the Ca2+ responses evoked by DMPP, suggesting that other mechanisms may play a role in the inhibition of neuronal responses in cholinergic enteric neurons.

Conclusion(s)
The majority of neurons of the colonic myenteric plexus are mechanosensitive and show an increase in intracellular Ca2+ when the gut is distended. Myenteric neurons do not respond to nicotinic receptor activation when the gut is distended through a mechanism that is dependent on the activity of Kca1.1 channel.
Supported by CIHR

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
Volatiles produced by symbiotic yeasts improve trap catches of Carpophilus davidsoni (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): an important pest of stone fruits in Australia
Authors: Baig Farrukh , Farnier Kevin , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Cunningham John Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Carpophilus davidsoni (Dobson) is an important pest of Australian stone fruit. Current management practices for this beetle include the use of a trap that contains an attractant lure comprised of aggregation pheromones and a ‘co-attractant’ mixture of volatiles from fruit juice fermented using Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hansen). We explored whether volatiles from yeasts Pichia kluyveri (Bedford) and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii (Pijper), which are closely associated with C. davidsoni in nature, might improve the effectiveness of the co-attractant. Field trials using live yeast cultures revealed that P. kluyveri trapped higher numbers of C. davidsoni compared to H. guilliermondii, and comparative GC-MS of volatile emissions of the two yeasts led to the selection of isoamyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate for further investigation. In subsequent field trials, trap catches of C. davidsoni were significantly increased when 2-phenylethyl acetate was added to the co-attractant, compared to when isoamyl acetate was added, or both isoamyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate. We also tested different concentrations of ethyl acetate in the co-attractant (the only ester in the original lure) and found contrasting results in cage bioassays and field trails. Our study demonstrates how exploring volatile emissions from microbes that are ecologically associated with insect pests can result in more potent lures for use in integrated pest management strategies. Results from laboratory bioassays screening volatile compounds should be treated with caution when making inferences regarding attraction under field conditions.
International Competitiveness and Financial Regulators’ Mandates: Coming Around Again in the UK
Authors: Ferran Eilís 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using post-Brexit regulatory freedom to strengthen the financial sector has been seen as a priority for the UK government under the Conservative Party following the 2017 general election. The laying before Parliament of the Financial Services and Markets Bill (July 2022) marked the start of a multi-year process aiming to transform the regulatory framework. Adding a competitiveness and growth secondary objective to regulatory mandates was an important part of the reform agenda set out in the Bill.
This article draws on theory (regulatory competition, regulatory procyclicality, and regulatory design) and recent history (post 2008-crisis regulatory reform) to question the wisdom of reinstating international competitiveness in regulatory mandates in this way. The key concern is that this change risks opening the door to an excessively deregulatory agenda and the undermining of regulatory independence. That the new competitiveness and growth objective will be used to advance deregulatory agenda was already becoming evident during 2022 as the UK debated the adaptation and evolution of EU-derived prudential and capital market laws to suit its new situation.
Since the competitiveness and growth objective bandwagon may have become unstoppable, the article directs attention to the role of accountability in protecting regulatory independence. Regulators need to be able to resist pressure to lower standards unduly, and an effective system of accountability can support them in doing so.
Determining anterior hip coverage in patients with hip dysplasia using the anterior center-edge angle on Lequesne’s false-profile radiograph and on computed tomography
Authors: Cheng Hui , Zhang Liqiang , Luo Dianzhong , Ren Ningtao , Zhang Zhendong , Gu Wang , Hu Yongcheng , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Anterior hip coverage is important for hip stability. As a parameter of anterior hip coverage, the anterior center-edge angle on false-profile radiograph (ACEA FP) is associated with clinical outcomes. With the widespread application of computed tomography (CT), the anterior center-edge angle on CT (ACEA CT) has also been used to measure anterior hip coverage. Little is known about the reproducibility of the ACEA FP and ACEA CT in patients with hip dysplasia or the correlation between the ACEA CT and ACEA FP. In total, 49 hips of 49 patients who underwent periacetabular osteotomy in our center were included. The lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis angle, ACEA FP and ACEA CT were determined. We assessed the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the ACEA FP and ACEA CT, the effect of the Tönnis angle on the reliability of the ACEA FP and ACEA CT and the correlation between the ACEA CT and ACEA FP. The intraobserver and interobserver interclass correlation coefficients of the ACEA FP were good, and those of the ACEA CT were very good. The Tönnis angle was weakly correlated with inconsistent ACEA FP measurements (P = 0.008) but not with inconsistent ACEA CT measurements (P = 0.600). No correlation between ACEA FP and ACEA CT measurements was observed (P = 0.213–0.665). The reproducibility of the ACEA CT is more consistent than that of the ACEA FP. The oblique acetabular roof had an effect on determining the ACEA FP but not on determining the ACEA CT. No correlation was observed between the measured ACEA FP and ACEA CT values, so the clinical evidence obtained from the ACEA FP cannot be directly applied to the ACEA CT.
Cephalic electroacupuncture restores learning and memory in rats with induced ischemic stroke via inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation
Authors: Lin Ruhui , Peng Hongwei , Xia Jinyan , Li Zuanfang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Inflammatory responses in the brain contribute to cognitive deficits. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a critical transcription factor in inflammatory responses, is activated in post-stroke cognitive deficit. Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints, the main acupoints of Du Meridian, are widely used to improve cognitive deficits in Chinese patients with stroke. It has been reported that post-stroke cognitive deficits can be treated by electroacupuncture (EA) but the underlying mechanisms of these effects are unclear. Using the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model, we found that EA at these 2 acupoints improved neurological function, decreased cerebral infarct lesion volumes, and ameliorated the inflammatory response in the hippocampal CA1 region. The treatment also ameliorated memory and learning deficits by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in the ischemic hippocampal CA 1 region. This coincided with downregulation of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, CD45, and tumor necrosis factor-α. We conclude that EA at these 2 acupoints ameliorates memory and learning deficits following experimental cerebral infarction by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory injury in the hippocampal CA1 region.
Incidental giant thymoma—a reminder of the importance of a global look of the imaging scans
Authors: Policarpo Filipa , Antunes Mariana , Alvoeiro Magda , Alvoeiro Francisco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 49-year-old female patient, without previous medical history, underwent a thoracic CT due to SARS-CoV2 infection. This exam revealed a heterogeneous mass in the anterior mediastinum with 11 × 8.8 cm in close contact with main thoracic vessels and pericardium. Surgical biopsy documented a B2 thymoma. This clinical case reminds the importance of a systematic and global look of the imaging scans. Years before the thymoma diagnosis, the patient underwent a shoulder X-ray due to musculoskeletal pain, where an irregular shape of the aortic arch was visible, probably related to the growing mediastinal mass. An earlier diagnosis would allow a complete mass resection without such extensive surgery and less morbidity.
Quincke’s disease: an unusual pathology
Authors: Sanchez Gabriel Atan , Boot Madison , Lathif Abdul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 50-year-old male presents to the emergency department in rural Australia with a sore throat, globous sensation of his oropharynx and a swollen uvula. Within the previous 12 months, this was his third and most severe presentation of Quincke’s disease. In all instances, it was aggravated by cold weather. His airway was not compromised. He was admitted under the Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist and managed with 200 mg of intravenous hydrocortisone, followed by regular intravenous dexamethasone as well as paracetamol for analgesia. He improved over 12 h and was discharged with 1 week of steroids. He followed up with the ENT specialist in the community. A cause could not be found. He was subsequently consented and booked for a partial uvulectomy.
Surgical masks and filtering facepiece class 2 respirators (FFP2) have no major physiological effects at rest and during moderate exercise at 3000-m altitude: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vinetti Giovanni , Micarelli Alessandro , Falla Marika , Randi Anna , Dal Cappello Tomas , Gatterer Hannes , Brugger Hermann , Strapazzon Giacomo , Rauch Simon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks has been recommended or enforced in several situations; however, their effects on physiological parameters and cognitive performance at high altitude are unknown.

Methods
Eight healthy participants (four females) rested and exercised (cycling, 1 W/kg) while wearing no mask, a surgical mask or a filtering facepiece class 2 respirator (FFP2), both in normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 3000 m. Arterialised oxygen saturation (SaO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2), heart and respiratory rate, pulse oximetry (SpO2), cerebral oxygenation, visual analogue scales for dyspnoea and mask’s discomfort were systematically investigated. Resting cognitive performance and exercising tympanic temperature were also assessed.

Results
Mask use had a significant effect on PaCO2 (overall +1.2 ± 1.7 mmHg). There was no effect of mask use on all other investigated parameters except for dyspnoea and discomfort, which were highest with FFP2. Both masks were associated with a similar non-significant decrease in SaO2 during exercise in normoxia (−0.5 ± 0.4%) and, especially, in hypobaric hypoxia (−1.8 ± 1.5%), with similar trends for PaO2 and SpO2.

Conclusions
Although mask use was associated with higher rates of dyspnoea, it had no clinically relevant impact on gas exchange at 3000 m at rest and during moderate exercise, and no detectable effect on resting cognitive performance. Wearing a surgical mask or an FFP2 can be considered safe for healthy people living, working or spending their leisure time in mountains, high-altitude cities or other hypobaric environments (e.g. aircrafts) up to an altitude of 3000 m.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for leaf rust resistance in the wheat population ‘Xinmai 26/Zhoumai 22’
Authors: Hou Weixiu , Lu Qisen , Ma Lin , Sun Xiaonan , Wang Liyan , Nie Jingyun , Guo Peng , Liu Ti , Li Zaifeng , Sun Congwei , Ren Yan , Wang Xiaodong , Yang Jian , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina (Pt), is one of the major and dangerous diseases of wheat, and has caused serious yield loss of wheat worldwide. Here, we investigated adult-plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from ‘Xinmai 26’ and ‘Zhoumai 22’ over 3 years. Linkage mapping for APR to leaf rust revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTL) in this RIL population. Two QTL, QLr.hnau-2BS and QLr.hnau-3BS were contributed by ‘Zhoumai22’, whereas QLr.hnau-2DS and QLr.hnau-5AL were contributed by ‘Xinmai 26’. The QLr.hnau-2BS covering a race-specific resistance gene Lr13 showed the most stable APR to leaf rust. Overexpression of Lr13 significantly increased APR to leaf rust. Interestingly, we found that a CNL(coiled coil–nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat)-like gene, TaCN, in QLr.hnau-2BS completely co-segregated with leaf rust resistance. The resistant haplotype TaCN-R possessed half the sequence of the coiled-coil domain of TaCN protein. Lr13 strongly interacted with TaCN-R, but did not interact with the full-length TaCN (TaCN-S). In addition, TaCN-R was significantly induced after Pt inoculation and changed the sub-cellular localization of Lr13 after interaction. Therefore, we hypothesized that TaCN-R mediated leaf rust resistance possibly by interacting with Lr13. This study provides important QTL for APR to leaf rust, and new insights into understanding how a CNL gene modulates disease resistance in common wheat.