bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 in pediatric hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharaf Salma A. Rahman , Fahmy Sarah Farid , Abou Zaghla Heba M. Adel , Hassan Ahmed Hussein , Zaki Sara Mahmoud 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
There is evidence from clinical trials that coenzyme Q10 significantly improves mitochondrial function and decreases oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in adult hemodialysis patients. However, we have never fully investigated its role in pediatric patients before. This study aimed to assess the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in pediatric hemodialysis patients. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-six pediatric hemodialysis patients were recruited and simply randomized to receive either oral coenzyme Q10 (3–5 mg/kg) daily or placebo daily for 12 weeks.

Results
Using the Mann–Whitney test, children in the intervention group showed a significant reduction in the median percent change of blood urea nitrogen from baseline of − 58.18 versus − 9.6 in the placebo group (p = 0.002). The median percent change of serum malondialdehyde significantly decreased by − 55.68 in the intervention group, while it increased by 39.75 in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the median percent change from baseline in serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels significantly decreased by − 46.69 in the intervention group and increased by 8.5 in the placebo group (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Supplementation of oral coenzyme Q10 may have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in pediatric hemodialysis patients. This study emphasized the potential efficacy of an average coenzyme Q10 dose of 4 mg/kg/day in pediatric hemodialysis patients; this gives the green light for other researchers to confidently evaluate larger doses as an attempt to control the systemic inflammation in this patient population. Further research is needed to determine whether coenzyme Q10 treatment improves clinical outcomes such as infection, hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and mortality in pediatric hemodialysis patients.

Trial Registration Clinical trials.gov, NCT05170893, Registered 28 December 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05170893?cond=NCT05170893&rank=1.

Graphical abstract
Letetresgene Autoleucel in Advanced/Metastatic Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma
Authors: D'Angelo Sandra P. , Druta Mihaela , Van Tine Brian A. , Liebner David , Schuetze Scott M. , Tap William D. , Preston Jessica , Goodison Sophia , D'Souza Jimson W. , Kapoor Gurpreet S. , Suchindran Sunil , Zajic Stefan , Bhaskar Aishwarya , Kaczynski Heather , Kim Jaegil , Klohe Erika , Corigliano Ellie , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Nathenson Michael J. , Somaiah Neeta 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
The cancer/testis antigen New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a promising target in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS).

METHODS

In this pilot study, we assessed the adoptive T-cell therapy NY-ESO-1c
259
T letetresgene autoleucel (lete-cel) in patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01–, HLA-A*02:05–, and/or HLA-A*02:06–positive advanced/metastatic NY-ESO-1–expressing MRCLS. Patients underwent a reduced-dose (cohort 1) or standard-dose (cohort 2) lymphodepletion regimen (LDR). The primary end point was investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR). Safety was assessed through adverse event (AE) reports. Correlative biomarker analyses were performed post hoc. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier:
NCT02992743
).

RESULTS
Of 23 enrolled patients, 10 in cohort 1 and 10 in cohort 2 received lete-cel. Investigator-assessed ORR was 20% (95% CI, 2.5 to 55.6) and 40% (95% CI, 12.2 to 73.8), median duration of response was 5.3 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 8.7) and 7.5 months (95% CI, 6.0 to not estimable [NE]), and median progression-free survival was 5.4 months (95% CI, 2.0 to 11.5) and 8.7 months (95% CI, 0.9 to NE) in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. AEs included cytokine release syndrome and cytopenias, consistent with T-cell therapy/LDR. Post hoc correlative biomarkers showed T-cell expansion and persistence in both cohorts.

CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this study is the first demonstrating the clinical promise of lete-cel in HLA-/NY-ESO-1-positive patients with advanced MRCLS.
Genetics and Pathophysiology of Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Yang Ming , White Perrin C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disease that manifests clinically in varying forms depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency. CAH is most commonly caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Whereas there is a spectrum of disease severity, 21OHD is generally categorized into 3 forms. The classic form encompasses salt-wasting and simple virilizing CAH and the least affected form is termed nonclassic CAH. The classic form of 21OHD occurs in ∼1 in 16 000 births with the most severe salt-wasting cases presenting in the neonatal period with cortisol and aldosterone deficiencies and virilization of external female genitalia. Cortisol deficiency removes normal feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to elevations in ACTH and adrenal androgen levels, which often accelerate skeletal maturation, leading to premature epiphyseal growth plate closure. Additionally, supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids are necessary to suppress androgen levels, adversely affecting final adult height. This paper highlights a brief history of 21OHD and provides an overview of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of 21OHD.
Population-Based vs. Health System and Insurer Records: Significant Underdiagnosis of Pcos - A Systematic Review
Authors: Hatoum Sana , Amiri Mina , Hopkins Dawnkimberly , Buyalos Richard P , Bril Fernando , Azziz Ricardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent cardio-metabolic disorders in women. However, PCOS diagnosis is often missed or delayed, which may have serious physical and mental health consequences. The extent of underdiagnosis remains unknown.

Objective
To estimate the extent to which PCOS is underdiagnosed.

Materials and Methods
We systematically searched PubMed and Embase through July 2023 for studies reporting PCOS prevalence in the general population and the Health System or Insurer Records (HSIR).

Results
We identified 6,583 records of which we included seven population-based studies and eleven HSIR-based studies from the same populations in three countries. In the USA, population-based studies reported PCOS prevalence between 4% and 19.6%, while HSIR-based studies reported 0.2% to 5.2%. In the UK, an HSIR-based study reported a PCOS prevalence of 1.34%, compared to around 8% prevalence in the population. In South Korea, two population-based studies reported a PCOS prevalence of 4.9% and 7%, compared to 0.12%-0.33% in one HSIR, and 4.3% in another. When data was available, PCOS detection in HSIR appeared to improve over time, although it was still far from reflecting the actual prevalence in the population.

Conclusion
Our data revealed a substantially lower rate of PCOS in HSIR relative to population-based studies in the USA, the UK, and South Korea, likely indicating that PCOS is underdiagnosed and/or underreported. Overall, these findings highlight the critical need to improve the awareness of healthcare practitioners and payers, and likely the public at large, regarding PCOS.
Altered expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors in adipose tissue from men with obesity or type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Fozia , Hetty Susanne , Laterveer Rutger , Surucu Ece Busra , Mathioudaki Argyri , Hornbrinck Edvin , Patsoukaki Vagia , Olausson Johan , Sundbom Magnus , Svensson Maria K , Pereira Maria J , Eriksson Jan W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Obesity and insulin resistance in men are linked to decreased testosterone and increased estradiol (E2) levels. Aromatase (ARO) converts testosterone into E2, and this occurs mainly in adipose tissue in men. E2 acts through estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2, and they potentially affect development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study explored alterations in ARO, ESR1 and ESR2 in men with obesity or T2D.

Methods
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from men with or without obesity or T2D was analyzed for ARO, ESR1, and ESR2 gene and protein expression. Data were compared across groups and correlated with markers of obesity, glycaemia, insulin resistance, and sex hormones. Moreover, SAT was incubated with E2 or testosterone for ex vivo glucose uptake measurements.

Results
Aromatase ARO levels were higher in SAT from men with obesity compared to non-obese men, and gene expression correlated positively with adiposity, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. No association was found between ARO and circulating E2. Men with obesity had lower levels of ESR1 and ESR1:ESR2 ratio, but not ESR2. ESR1 gene expression in SAT correlated negatively with adiposity and insulin resistance markers as well as with ARO expression, and tended to be lower in men with T2D. E2 reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while testosterone increased basal glucose uptake in adipocytes.

Conclusion
Elevated ARO in SAT was found in obese men, and this was linked to insulin resistance and glycaemia, supporting that local estrogen production contributes to metabolic dysregulation. ESR1 was reduced in men with T2D and was linked to adiposity and insulin resistance. Taken together, high ARO and low ESR1 expression in SAT in obese men may contribute to insulin resistance and T2D development.
Impact of Sex on Cardiac Functional Adaptation to Different Modes of Exercise Training: A Randomized Cross-Over Study
Authors: Naylor Louise H. , Marsh Channa E. , Thomas Hannah J. , Maslen Barbara A. , Collis Julie , Lester Leanne , Green Daniel J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We hypothesized that male and female volunteers would exhibit distinct changes in cardiac morphology, systolic, and diastolic function following endurance (END) and resistance (RES) training.

Methods
Thirty-eight females and 26 males participated in a randomized cross-over design trial in which all participants completed 12-weeks END and RES, separated by a 12-week washout. Echocardiograms assessed morphology (left ventricular mass, LVM), systolic function (ejection fraction, EF, and global longitudinal strain, GLS), diastolic function (mitral valve velocities, E, A; tissue Doppler velocities, e’, a’), and left atrial volume.

Results
Males responded to RES by increasing LVM (Δ 9.1 ± 14.3 g, P = 0.005), while E/e’ increased (Δ 0.74 ± 1.08, P = 0.004, indicating a decline in diastolic function). There were no significant changes in females following RES. In response to END, LVM increased in both males (Δ 8.8 ± 15.7 g, P = 0.008) and females (Δ 6.5 ± 12.5 g, P = 0.004), with no difference in E/e’ (Δ -0.29 ± 0.90) in males but a significant difference in females (Δ -0.39 ± 1.06, P = 0.012, indicating an improvement in diastolic function). Systolic function was not impacted significantly by END or RES in either sex.

Conclusions
Our data suggests that females were less responsive to RES training than males, that RES increased LVM and caused a decline in diastolic function (i.e. an increase in E/e’) in males, whereas END improved E/e’ (i.e. decreased) in females. These data suggest that sex differences exist in cardiac structural and functional adaptations to different forms of exercise training.
Σχεδιασμός, εφαρμογή και αξιολόγηση μιας Διδακτικής Μαθησιακής Ακολουθίας (ΔΜΑ) για φοιτητές/τριες αναφορικά με τις γνώσεις και τις αξίες που σχετίζονται με το Υδατικό Αποτύπωμα
Authors: Γαρυφαλλογιάννη Ευμορφία , Μαλανδράκης Γεώργιος , Παπαδοπούλου Πηνελόπη 
Published: January 2025

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται η ανάπτυξη, η εφαρμογή και η αξιολόγηση μιας Διδακτικής Μαθησιακής Ακολουθίας (ΔΜΑ) για τη διδασκαλία του Υδατικού Αποτυπώματος (Υ.Α.), όπως αυτή εφαρμόστηκε σε 27 φοιτητές/τριες Παιδαγωγικού Τμήματος, στα πλαίσια εξαμηνιαίου μαθήματος. Παράλληλα με το Y.A. διδάχθηκαν η έννοια του Εικονικού νερού, τρόποι εξοικονόμησης νερού, καθώς και αξίες σχετικά με τη χρήση του νερού. Η ΔΜΑ ολοκληρώθηκε σε 12 διδακτικές ώρες. Σκοπός της ΔΜΑ ήταν να γνωρίσουν οι φοιτητές/τριες τις έννοιες-όρους που συνδέονται άμεσα με τη χρήση νερού σε όλο τον κύκλο ζωής των προϊόντων, τους τρόπους εξοικονόμησης νερού, καθώς και την άμεση και έμμεση χρήση νερού στα προϊόντα. Στόχος της ΔΜΑ ήταν η κατανόηση των προβλημάτων που αφορούν το νερό και η ευαισθητοποίηση των φοιτητών/τριών για άμεση ανάγκη μαζικής δραστηριοποίησης για την προστασία των υδάτινων πόρων, την αποφυγή της λειψυδρίας, καθώς και η απόκτηση θετικών στάσεων ως προς την ανάγκη εξοικονόμησης νερού. Για την αξιολόγηση της ΔΜΑ επιδόθηκε, πριν και μετά την εφαρμογή της, ένα ερωτηματολόγιο δεκατεσσάρων (14) ερωτήσεων, οργανωμένων σε έξι (6) θεματικούς άξονες, εκ των οποίων οι εννέα (9) ερωτήσεις ήταν ανοιχτού τύπου, η μία (1) κλειστού τύπου και οι υπόλοιπες τέσσερις (4) τύπου Likert. Το ερωτηματολόγιο στόχευε στην ανίχνευση των γνώσεων και των αξιών των συμμετεχόντων/ουσών σχετικά με Υ.Α.. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων από τη σύγκριση των Αρχικών και Τελικών ερωτηματολογίων κατέδειξε ότι οι φοιτητές/τριες, μετά τη διδακτική παρέμβαση, μπορούν να κατανοήσουν τα περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα που σχετίζονται με το άμεσο Υ.Α., όχι όμως με το έμμεσο. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διαπιστώνεται ότι μπορούν να κατανοήσουν την άμεση και έμμεση χρήση νερού στα διάφορα στάδια ζωής των προϊόντων, καθώς και τις επιπτώσεις στο περιβάλλον από τη χρήση των προϊόντων αυτών. Ωστόσο, δεν διαφαίνεται σημαντική διαφορά, μετά τη διδασκαλία, σχετικά με τους τρόπους μείωσης του Υ.Α. στα υπό μελέτη προϊόντα, όπως και στις διάφορες αξίες που διακυβεύονται αναφορικά με το Υ.Α..
Mitochondrial myopathy revealed postoperative acute respiratory failure: A case report
Authors: Park Seon Yeong , Hong Sung Min , Lee Ho Young , Kim Mi-Yeong , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Han Ji-Yeon , Cho Hwa Jin , Oh Seong-Il , Lee Hongyeul 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Mitochondrial myopathies are characterized by primary dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; they typically present as chronic muscle weakness. Clinically visible acute respiratory dysfunctions associated with mitochondrial myopathies occur rarely.
CASE SUMMARY
In this report, we present the case of a patient who developed postoperative hypoventilation after undergoing an uneventful administration of general anesthesia. A 34-year-old woman with no family history of myopathy underwent laparoscopic removal of a right-sided ureteric stone. Two days postoperatively, her oxygen saturation decreased rapidly, and blood gas analysis revealed hypercapnia. We promptly intubated and initiated the patient and initiated her on mechanical ventilation as she remained awake. Clinical examination findings were unremarkable; the results of laboratory investigations, including those for thyroid, hepatic, renal, and neuromuscular functions, were within normal limits. Muscle biopsy revealed muscle fibers of varying sizes as well as several degenerating and regenerating myofibers. Modified Gomori trichrome staining of the cross-sections revealed ragged red fibers. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient with mitochondrial myopathy. The patient’s condition gradually improved, and she was discharged on a home ventilator 73 days postoperatively.
CONCLUSION
Our case highlights that mitochondrial myopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with postoperative respiratory failure.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis induced by the anti-programmed cell death-1 inhibitor tislelizumab: A case report
Authors: Zhao Jian-Hui , Wang Jing-Jiao , Li Yi-Wen 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of antitumor agents. They enhance antitumor effects by blocking inhibitory receptors and related ligands expressed on T cells. ICIs also modulate regular immune cell activity, affecting the immune system and causing immune-related adverse events. The renal system is sometimes affected by these adverse events. Currently, the literature on ICIs-related glomerular injuries is scarce.
CASE SUMMARY
We present a patient who developed granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) 3 weeks after treatment with the anti-programmed cell death-1 inhibitor, tislelizumab. The patient experienced proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury without pulmonary hemorrhage and tested positive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-cytoplasmic type. Renal biopsy confirmed ANCA-associated vasculitis, and GPA was finally diagnosed. The patient received pulse treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, and renal function improved. After self-discontinuation of the drug, the disease recurred, and the original treatment regimen was continued. However, the patient’s renal function continued to deteriorate.
CONCLUSION
Glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide are effective for treating GPA induced by tislelizumab. However, follow-up and patient education are needed.
Effect of brush rinse on the diagnostic accuracy of biliary stricture evaluation: A multicenter trial
Authors: So Hoonsub , Jang Sung Ill , Ko Sung Woo , Yoon Seung Bae , Lee Young Sub , Bang SungJo , Kim Misung , Choi Hye-Jeong 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Brush cytology is the most commonly used technique for tissue acquisition during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the evaluation of biliary strictures. Nonetheless, brush cytology is limited by its low sensitivity due to insufficient cellular yield.
AIM
To evaluate the impact of the sheath-rinse technique on improving the cellularity yield.
METHODS
A total of 112 patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures were enrolled at two tertiary centers in South Korea. The sample cellularity and diagnostic accuracy of brush-wash and sheath-rinse specimens were compared.
RESULTS
A significantly increased number of total cell clusters per representative 20 × field was recorded in the sheath-rinse compared with the brush-wash specimens (median: 12 vs 3, P < 0.001). This trend persisted when large (> 50 cells) clusters (median: 8 vs 3, P < 0.001), medium (6-49 cells) (median: 7 vs 3, P < 0.001), and small (2-5 cells) clusters (median: 9 vs 3, P < 0.001) were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for differentiating malignancy were superior with sheath-rinsing than with the brush-wash method (72.3% vs 62.5%, P < 0.001 and 69.9% vs 59.2%, P < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Incorporating sheath-rinse specimens significantly improved the yield and diagnostic accuracy of biliary brush cytology. Sheath-rinsing should be integrated into routine clinical practice to improve diagnostic performance for biliary strictures.
Thermally tunable THz modulator based on a metasurface with VO2
Authors: Xu Lanlan , Wang Naihui 
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a “C”-shaped terahertz (THz) metasurface
modulator that leverages the phase transition properties of vanadium
dioxide (VO2) between its metallic and insulating
states. The resonant frequencies of the modulator are tunable by the
structural geometric parameters. At low temperatures, the single
resonance mode is primarily driven by the longitudinal metal arm,
whereas at high temperatures, the single resonance mode is dominated
by the transverse arm of VO2, transitioning to the metallic phase.
The modulation achieves a modulation depth exceeding 50% across four
filling methods, and reaching a maximum of 97% at 0.405 THz.
Additionally, it demonstrates high-temperature sensitivity, achieving
a value of 0.046/°C in the range of 50–74°C. These results highlight
the excellent modulation performance and temperature-sensing
capabilities of the proposed metasurface modulator. With potential
applications in smart windows, sensors, and 6G communications, this
work offers valuable insights into advancing THz functional devices
and improving their performance and practicality.
Thermodynamic Study of Chitosan as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Chloride Solutions (NaCl and HCl) at Various Temperatures and Concentrations
Authors: Ilyas Khafid Ubay , Budiyati Eni , Hidayati Nur , Widayatno Tri 
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the thermodynamic characteristics of chitosan as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in chloride electrolyte environments, specifically saturated sodium chloride and 1 M hydrochloric acid, across different temperatures and concentrations. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan in preventing corrosion and to examine the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption process. The results revealed that chitosan achieved the highest inhibition efficiency of 90.07% in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 250 mg/L at 303.15 K. In contrast, the maximum inhibition efficiency in a saturated sodium chloride solution was 50.50% at the same concentration of 250 mg/L and 303.15 K. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of chitosan is spontaneous and exothermic in both media. The standard free energy of adsorption was found to be -38.63 kJ/mol at 303.15 K, decreasing to -43.69 kJ/mol at 343.15 K in saturated NaCl, and -42.40 kJ/mol at 303.15 K, decreasing to -48.65 kJ/mol at 343.15 K in 1 M HCl. The enthalpy of adsorption was -0.24976 kJ/mol in NaCl and 4.93560 kJ/mol in HCl, while the entropy of adsorption was -0.12661 J/mol·K in NaCl and -0.15610 J/mol·K in HCl. Additionally, the activation energy for corrosion increased from 1.61 kJ/mol at 0 mg/L to 6.96 kJ/mol at 250 mg/L chitosan in NaCl and from 4.10 kJ/mol at 0 mg/L to 23.79 kJ/mol at 250 mg/L chitosan in HCl. SEM analysis confirms the formation of a protective chitosan film, significantly reducing corrosion damage compared to uninhibited conditions. These findings indicate that chitosan is a highly effective corrosion inhibitor with favorable thermodynamic characteristics for applications in chloride-containing environments.
Limits of Empirical Studies in Accounting and Social Sciences: A Constructive Critique from Accounting, Economics and the Law
Authors: Biondi Yuri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many empirical studies in social sciences including accounting, economics and finance apply a mathematical model to fit data in view to infer association between variables, or predict further serial values. Restricted by normal distributions and linear regression analysis, many studies neglect to address (i) the conceptual frame of reference and analysis overarching scientific endeavour (design); and (ii) the relationship between data and the phenomenon under investigation (morphology). This note discusses some consequences of this neglect of design and morphology, by pointing to accounting systems that stand behind data, and the conceptual framework which is needed to back and ground scientific research.