bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on IBD Outcomes Among Vulnerable Patient Populations in a Large Metropolitan Center
Authors: Odufalu Florence-Damilola , Sewell Justin L , Rudrapatna Vivek , Somsouk Ma , Mahadevan Uma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
With the onset of COVID-19, there were rapid changes in healthcare delivery as remote access became the norm. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of changes in healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in both well-resourced and vulnerable populations.

METHODS
Using a mixed methods, observational study design, patients receiving IBD care at a university or a safety-net hospital were identified by the electronic health record. Patient demographics, IBD history, and disease activity were acquired from the electronic health record. IBD-related outcomes were compared from the onset of the pandemic in the United States until December 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic year 1) and compared with outcomes in the previous year. A subset of participants provided their perspective on how changes in healthcare delivery and financial stability impacted their IBD through a standardized questionnaire and semi-structured interview.

RESULTS
Data from a total of 1449 participants were captured, 1324 at the tertiary care university hospital and 125 at the safety-net hospital. During COVID-19, there was a decrease in healthcare utilization at both sites. Race/ethnicity and primary language were not associated with IBD-related hospitalizations or admissions. Patients that were employed and those with insurance had a higher number of IBD-related emergency department visits at both the university and safety-net hospitals (P = .03 and P = .01, respectively). Patients who did not speak English were more likely to report challenges using technology with telehealth and difficulty contacting IBD providers.

CONCLUSIONS
For IBD populations, during COVID-19, in both hospital settings, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, outpatient surgery, and clinic visits were reduced compared with the year prior. Patients with lower socioeconomic status and limited English proficiency reported facing more challenges with changes to healthcare delivery, healthcare access, and conveying changes in IBD activity. These results highlight the need for payors and providers to specifically attend to those populations most susceptible to these systemic and lasting changes in care delivery and promote greater equity in healthcare.
Supply chain decision-making and coordination for joint investment in cost and carbon emission reduction
Authors: Shi Ping , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the era of low-carbon economy, it is an important measure for enterprises to respond to changes in the external environment by actively investing in various low-carbon technologies to reduce their carbon emissions. However, in real life, simply focusing on one kind of technology investment may not be able to perfectly achieve the established goals of enterprises, and more often, enterprises will adapt a strategy of multiple technology investment. Therefore, in view of this practical activity, this paper considers that manufacturers invest in two innovative activities: reducing production costs and improving emission reduction. The results of this study show that the increase in the carbon trading price will stimulate the motivation of enterprises to carry out low-carbon technologies innovation, which is conducive to the realization of the government’s carbon emission reduction target. Under centralized decision-making, the R&D investment of enterprises will not achieve immediate results, and the carbon emissions of enterprises under centralized decision-making are relatively high compared with those under decentralized decision-making. The improvement of consumers’ low-carbon awareness will enhance the driving force of enterprises’ low-carbon technologies innovation, although it will not reduce the total carbon emissions of enterprises.
Substrate degradation and postbiotic analysis of alternative fiber ingredients fermented using an in vitro canine fecal inoculum model
Authors: Holt Dalton A , Corsato Alvarenga Isabella , Donadelli Renan A , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many fiber ingredients are used by the pet food industry; however, little data are available regarding the fermentation characteristics of alternative fibers currently being used. The objectives of this study were to determine organic matter disappearance (OMD) and postbiotic production from various fruit and vegetable fiber sources using an in vitro dog fecal inoculum model. Apple pomace (AP), blueberry pomace (BP), cranberry pomace (CP), tomato pomace (TP), and pea fiber (PF) were used as experimental treatments. Inoculum was prepared using freshly voided feces under anaerobic conditions. Predigested fibers were inoculated and incubated for 1, 3, 6, and 12 h at 39 °C. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and OMD were determined for each fiber source and time point in triplicate. After 12 h of incubation, OMD was similar (P &gt; 0.05; average of 18.5%) among treatments. Proportionally, acetate was greater for BP and AP (P &lt; 0.05; average of 80.1%) than for the other treatments (68.3% to 71.2%). Molar proportions of propionate was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for CP (26.8%) compared to the remaining treatments (13.6 to 20.7%). Butyrate was proportionally greater for PF (7.7%; P &lt; 0.05) than for BP and CP (average of 4.8%) and was lowest for AP (3.8%); however, TP was not different from PF (P &gt; 0.05; average of 7.25%). Total VFA concentration was highest for AP (P &lt; 0.05) followed by TP (1.17 and 0.75 mmol*g−1 of substrate, respectively). Both BP and PF were similar (average of 0.48 mmol*g−1 of substrate) and lower than for TP, with CP having the lowest VFA concentration (0.21 mmol*g−1 of substrate) among all treatments. Additionally, when comparing molar concentrations, AP and TP (average of 0.0476 mmol*g−1 of substrate) had greater butyrate concentrations than did PF (0.0344 mmol*g−1 of substrate). The AP, BP, and TP treatments had both linear and quadratic relationships (Table 7; P &lt; 0.05) for acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations across time. CP only demonstrated a linear relationship for propionate (P &lt; 0.05), whereas acetate and butyrate had quadratic relationships with time. PF only demonstrated quadratic relationships between acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations and time (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, the fiber substrates evaluated were marginally to moderately fermentable when incubated for up to 12 h with canine fecal inoculum.
The Imperative of Prosecuting Crimes of Aggression Committed against Ukraine
Authors: McDougall Carrie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, we are sitting at a crossroads where one path further weakens the prohibition of the use of force and another helps restore its integrity. In this context, this article argues it is imperative that we take all available steps to reinforce the prohibition, and that holding President Putin to account for the crime of aggression holds the key in this regard. The article explains why it is necessary to establish an ad hoc international tribunal to prosecute crimes of aggression committed against Ukraine given the International Criminal Court lacks jurisdiction over any crime of aggression involving a State not party to the Rome Statute, the impossibility of amending the Statute in this instance, and the impediments that will stand in the way of a successful domestic prosecution of the crime of aggression, including immunities enjoyed by those most responsible. Finally, the article addresses the principal objections to the proposed tribunal including its cost (which is overstated and pales in comparison to the mounting cost of the ongoing conflict); its supposed redundancy given efforts to prosecute other serious international crimes committed in Ukraine (which undersells the challenge of holding leaders to account and discounts the value of separately prosecuting aggression); and the concern that the tribunal would represent selective justice (which overlooks the fact that a prosecution of the leaders of one of the world’s most powerful States would help end, rather than exacerbate, international criminal justice’s selectivity problem).
Inferring linguistic transmission between generations at the scale of individuals
Authors: Thouzeau Valentin , Affholder Antonin , Mennecier Philippe , Verdu Paul , Austerlitz Frédéric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Historical linguistics strongly benefited from recent methodological advances inspired by phylogenetics. Nevertheless, no available method uses contemporaneous within-population linguistic diversity to reconstruct the history of human populations. Here, we developed an approach inspired from population genetics to perform historical linguistic inferences from linguistic data sampled at the individual scale, within a population. We built four within-population demographic models of linguistic transmission over generations, each differing by the number of teachers involved during the language acquisition and the relative roles of the teachers. We then compared the simulated data obtained with these models with real contemporaneous linguistic data sampled from Tajik speakers from Central Asia, an area known for its large within-population linguistic diversity, using approximate Bayesian computation methods. Under this statistical framework, we were able to select the models that best explained the data, and infer the best-fitting parameters under the selected models. The selected model assumes that the lexicon of individuals is the result of a vertical transmission by two teachers, with a specific lexicon for each teacher. This demonstrates the feasibility of using contemporaneous within-population linguistic diversity to infer historical features of human cultural evolution.
Development of a collapsed cone convolution/superposition dose calculation algorithm with a mass density-specific water kernel for magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Ito Kengo , Ishikawa Yojiro , Teramura Satoshi , Kadoya Noriyuki , Katsuta Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Shohei , Takeda Ken , Jingu Keiichi , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a collapsed cone convolution for magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (CCCMR). The 3D energy deposition kernels (EDKs) were generated in water in a 1.5-T transverse magnetic field. The CCCMR corrects the inhomogeneity in simulation geometry by referring to the EDKs according to the mass density between the interaction and energy deposition points in addition to density scaling. Dose distributions in a water phantom and in slab phantoms with inserted inhomogeneities were calculated using the Monte Carlo (MC) and CCCMR. The percentage depth dose (PDD) and off-axis ratio (OAR) were compared, and the gamma passing rate (3%/2 mm) was evaluated. The CCCMR simulated asymmetric dose distributions in the simulation phantoms, especially the water phantom, and all PDD and OAR profiles were in good agreement with the findings of the MC. The gamma passing rates were &gt;99% for each field size and for the entire region. In the inhomogeneity phantoms, although the CCCMR underestimated dose in the low mass density regions, it could reconstruct dose changes at mass density boundaries. The gamma passing rate for the entire region was &gt;95% for the field size of 2 × 2 cm2, but it was 68.9–86.7% for the field sizes of ≥5 × 5 cm2. Conclusively, in water, the CCCMR can obtain dose distributions comparable to those with the MC. Although the dose differences between them were mainly in inhomogeneity regions, the possibility of the effective use of the CCCMR in small field sizes was demonstrated.
Left diaphragmatic hernia after a mild blunt trauma in Syria: a case report
Authors: Soqia Jameel , Ataya Jamal , Alhadid Salem Algomaa , Kakaje Ameer , Chaban Hussain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLeft side traumatic diaphragmatic hernias (DH) are very rare and usually present acutely. They might represent after years of minor trauma, and they should be considered among differentials to avoid complications. We present a 28-year-old female coming with acute epigastric pain radiating into the chest with dyspnea and vomiting. Her history was negative for trauma and other than very minor trauma two years earlier. Chest X-ray showed atelectasis with mild pleural effusion. Computed tomography scan showed several cavities, filling the left chest with a gaseous liquid level. Surgery was performed that demonstrated DH and the abdominal viscera were returned to the abdomen without any complications. Traumatic DHs can be easily overlooked with the absent of recent major trauma. They can represent years after the original trauma with acute symptoms, which can make it hard to diagnosis if not considered.
Abdominal cocoon syndrome, a diagnostic challenge affecting the treatment. A rare case report from Somalia
Authors: Mahmoud Schauki , Salad Abdurrahman Hashi , Abdullahi Aisha Abdirahman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAbdominal cocoon syndrome is defined as idiopathic encapsulation of the bowel within a fibrocollagenous membrane and is considered as a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. A 15-year-old female presented complaining of right lower abdominal pain, distension and vomiting for 24 hours with previous similar attacks in the last four years. She had no another significant medical or surgical history. Computed tomography study revealed matted mildly distended bowel loops centrally with a suspicion of acute appendicitis. Next day, abdominal pain was the only clinical finding and acute appendicitis was the primary diagnosis. During surgery, most of the small bowel was found to be encapsulated within a cocoon-like fibrous membrane. The appendix was congested. Appendectomy, full resection of the membrane and dense adhesiolysis were performed. Herein, we will present the first reported case from Somalia and discuss the radiological findings affecting the management for such a rare disease.
An uncommon midfoot injury, naviculocuneiform and calcaneocuboid fracture dislocation: a case report
Authors: Kamakura Fuminori , Yasuda Gaku , Ishigaki Yoshimasa , Goto Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 57-year-old man fell from a height of 6 m and injured his right foot. Imaging studies showed an uncommon injury; naviculocuneiform and calcaneocuboid joint fracture dislocations. He underwent a temporary fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires), and the injured foot was immobilized with a below-knee splint. Weight-bearing was started gradually. The K-wires were removed at 8 weeks. Full weight-bearing was achieved 14 weeks after the operation. At 19 weeks, he returned to his carpentry job. At 1 year, he had no marked limitation of daily activities. Early recognition of these injuries is required to prevent persistent foot pain and long-term dysfunction.
Understanding the sexual health perceptions, concerns, and needs of female partners of prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Gupta Natasha , Zebib Laura , Wittmann Daniela , Nelson Christian J , Salter Carolyn A , Mulhall John P , Byrne Nataliya , Nolasco Tatiana Sanchez , Loeb Stacy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) and its treatments can have a significant negative impact on the sexual health of survivors and couples, but few studies have specifically examined the impact of PCa-related sexual dysfunction on female partners of survivors.

Aim
Our objective was to perform a qualitative study to comprehensively characterize female partners’ perceptions of the implications of PCa on their sex lives, as well as partners’ sexual health concerns and unmet needs.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews about sexual health and unmet needs with female partners of PCa survivors recruited from multiple clinical locations and support groups for PCa caregivers from September 2021 to March 2022. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded. Participants were recruited until thematic saturation was achieved.

Outcomes
Outcomes of this study were female partner sexual health concerns and unmet needs.

Results
Among 12 participants, the median age was 65 (range 53 to 81) years, 9 were White, the median time since their partner’s PCa diagnosis was 2.25 years (range 11 months to 20 years), and a majority reported that their partner had undergone radical prostatectomy, radiation, and/or hormonal therapy. Major emergent themes pertained to the significant impact of age- and PCa-related sexual dysfunction on female sexual quality of life, the dyadic nature of sexual dysfunction and recovery, the role of the partner in coping with and adjusting to sexual dysfunction, difficulties communicating about sexual dysfunction in an intimate relationship, a lack of physician-led sexual health counseling and support, and the benefit of peer interactions and proactive information seeking in addressing unmet sexual health needs.

Clinical Implications
Future efforts should continue to explore the impact of PCa on partner sexual health and address unmet needs through sexual health education and support.

Strengths and Limitations
In this study, we identified female partners’ sexual health concerns both related to and independent of PCa survivor sexual health. Limitations include exclusion of male partners of survivors and potential responder bias, as partners who agreed to participate may have experienced more sexual health concerns.

Conclusion
We found that female partners experience PCa-related sexual dysfunction as a couple’s disease, grief due to age- and PCa-related sexual losses, and a lack of physician-led sexual health counseling and information. Our results highlight the importance of including partners of PCa survivors in the sexual recovery process and of developing sexual care programs to address partners’ unmet sexual health needs.
Locating Devotion: Sermon Title Pages and the Early Modern Book Market, 1620–1642
Authors: Evans Catherine R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article considers the place that sermons held in the early modern book market through a quantitative survey of the title pages of sermon-books published in English between 1620 and 1642. Working from an EEBO dataset, this research examines four features of title pages: (a) dating referents, (b) location referents, (c) references to the living or status of the preacher, and (d) whether the books were collections. This research demonstrates that the vast majority of sermon-books declared their place of preaching (74%) and the occasion of their preaching (67%). This article explores how the book-buying public’s interest in novelty and the initial performance of the sermon shaped the use of paratextual material. It proposes that the printed sermon makes the page into a privately accessible space to connect with the publicly experienced communal time of the performed sermon, counteracting the desacralizing effect of the press.
Statistical comparison of time profiles of Forbush decreases associated with coronal mass ejections and streams from coronal holes in solar cycles 23–24
Authors: Melkumyan A A , Belov A V , Shlyk N S , Abunina M A , Abunin A A , Oleneva V A , Yanke V G 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper, Forbush decrease (FD) profiles are compared for events associated with (i) coronal mass ejections from active regions accompanied by solar flares (AR CMEs), (ii) filament eruptions away from active regions (non-AR CMEs), and (iii) high-speed streams (HSSs) from coronal holes (CHs). FD profiles are described by time parameters that are delayed from an FD onset to the registration of maximum values of cosmic ray (CR) density variations, CR density hourly decrease, CR equatorial anisotropy, solar wind (SW) speed, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and minimum Dst index. Distributions of these parameters from 1997 to 2020 and within maxima and minima of the last solar cycles (SCs) were compared by statistical methods. The results obtained reveal that statistical properties of the time parameters depend both on the FD source and on the solar activity period. FDs associated with AR CMEs develop even at close values of SW parameters faster than those associated with non-AR CMEs and HSS from CHs. Differences between typical FD profiles for events associated with AR and non-AR CMEs are more significant when the interplanetary disturbance contains a magnetic cloud. The difference between FD profiles for events associated with AR and non-AR CMEs is less distinguishable within maximum SC 24 than within maximum SC 23. For FDs associated with HSS from CHs, the main phase durations and the time delays of maximal SW speed are longer within SC 23–24 minimum, while the time delays of maximal IMF strength differ insignificantly between 23–24 and 24–25 minima.
RXJ0437+00: constraining dark matter with exotic gravitational lenses
Authors: Lagattuta David J , Richard Johan , Ebeling Harald , Basto Quentin , Cerny Catherine , Edge Alastair , Jauzac Mathilde , Mahler Guillaume , Massey Richard 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first strong-gravitational-lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster RX J0437.1+0043 (RXJ0437; z = 0.285). Newly obtained, deep MUSE observations, Keck/MOSFIRE near-infrared spectroscopy, and Hubble Space Telescope SNAPshot imaging reveal 13 multiply imaged background galaxies, three of them (at z = 1.98, 2.97, and 6.02, respectively) in hyperbolic umbilic (H–U) lensing configurations. The H–U images are located only 20–50 kpc from the cluster centre, i.e. at distances well inside the Einstein radius where images from other lens configurations are demagnified and often unobservable. Extremely rare (only one H–U lens was known previously) these systems are able to constrain the inner slope of the mass distribution – and unlike radial arcs, the presence of H–U configurations is not biased towards shallow cores. The galaxies lensed by RXJ0437 are magnified by factors ranging from 30 to 300 and (in the case of H–U systems) stretched nearly isotropically. Taking advantage of this extreme magnification, we demonstrate how the source galaxies in H–U systems can be used to probe for small-scale (∼109 M⊙) substructures, providing additional insight into the nature of dark matter.