bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I am going to break this logic of fear!”: Activism and subversive care at the periphery of Fortaleza, Brazil
Authors: Mandache Luminiţa‐Anda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on ethnographic work conducted between 2015 and 2022 at the periphery of Fortaleza, in Northeast Brazil, this article analyzes the work of community activists as a form of subversive care. Women activists, many of whom work for the local public clinics, as social workers with local NGOs, or as schoolteachers, challenge dominant narratives presented in the media and political discourses about their neighborhood as being poor and therefore violent. By establishing relationships of mutual trust with gang members and humanizing them, women activists “challenge the logic of fear” and maintain presence in areas controlled by the gangs to direct the economically vulnerable toward existing public resources. Activists’ understanding of urban violence is informed by participation in collective action and living together with gang members and their families. These experiences lead activists to see urban violence as the symptom of systemic inequalities that require systemic changes.
Barter Credit: Warehouses as a Contracting Technology
Authors: SKRASTINS JANIS 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTA large Brazilian agribusiness lender introduces a new contracting technology: grain warehouses. Using runner‐up warehouse locations as a control group, I find that construction of these warehouses permits a new debt contract, namely, barter credit repayable in grain. This contract increases borrowers' debt capacity and reduces borrowing costs. The effects are stronger when grain price risk is higher, for municipalities with weaker courts, and for financially constrained borrowers. These findings are consistent with barter credit reducing financial market imperfections by mitigating borrowers' output price risk.
Does dental rehabilitation under general anaesthetic contribute to the development of temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents? A scoping review
Authors: Walker Benjamin M. , Donnell Christopher C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have multiple aetiological factors. Although some evidence suggests invasive and lengthy dental procedures may contribute towards TMD development, there is a relative paucity in the literature regarding an association between elements of paediatric dental general anaesthesia (pDGA) and TMDs. This review aims to consider the impact of dental rehabilitation (and its constituent elements) performed under general anaesthesia on the development of TMDs in childhood and adolescence and identify theories and/or gaps in knowledge which may benefit from future research.MethodsDue to the need to preliminarily examine the nature and extent of the current evidence base, a scoping review approach was chosen. The review was conducted based on the framework provided by the methodological working group of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched as well as the grey literature using OpenGrey, Nexis, Ethos, Google Scholar and ProQuest, with eligible studies uploaded onto Zotero (Mac Version 5.0.96.2).ResultsA total of 810 records were identified. After removing duplicates and those not available in English, 260 were identified for title and abstract screening. Seventy‐six records underwent full‐text review of which only one met the broad inclusion criteria. The most common reasons for exclusion were no specific relation to general anaesthesia, not specifically relating to dental treatment and only being concerned with TMD management. The included study found that while development of TMDs following dental rehabilitation under GA did occur in children, whether the problems caused by treatment were exacerbated by other elements of the pDGA process remains unknown.ConclusionThis review has confirmed a distinct paucity of research in this field. While there is no current tangible scientific evidence that common and routine dental procedures lead to TMD, the literature shows that alterations to any one or a combination of critical factors can contribute to TMD development, which may be collectively exacerbated by iatrogenic macrotrauma during the pDGA process. We have highlighted elements of pre‐, peri‐ and post‐operative pDGA, alongside biopsychosocial factors, which may contribute to TMD development in childhood and adolescence and may benefit from future research.
Overexpression of heat‐shock protein 47 impacts survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: da Costa Bruno Cesar , Dourado Mauricio Rocha , de Moraes Everton Freitas , Panini Luana Marí , Elseragy Amr , Téo Fábio Haach , Guimarães Gustavo Narvaes , Machado Renato Assis , Risteli Maija , Gurgel Rocha Clarissa Araujo , Paranaíba Lívia Máris Ribeiro , González‐Arriagada Wilfredo Alejandro , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Rangel Ana Lucia Carrinho Ayroza , Marques Marcelo Rocha , Salo Tuula , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of heat‐shock protein 47 (HSP47) has been linked to collagen synthesis control and implicated in fibrotic disorders, but more recent studies have demonstrated its role in solid tumors. In this study, we explored the prognostic impact of HSP47 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and determined the in vitro effects of its loss‐of‐function on viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to cisplatin of OSCC cells.MethodsThe HSP47 expression in tumor samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry in two independent cohorts totaling 339 patients with OSCC, and protein levels were associated with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. The OSCC cell lines HSC3 and SCC9 were transduced with lentivirus expressing short hairpin RNA to stably silence HSP47 and used in assays to measure cellular viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion.ResultsHSP47 was overexpressed in OSCC samples, and its overexpression was significantly and independently associated with poor disease‐specific survival and shortened disease‐free survival in both OSCC cohorts. The knockdown of HSP47 showed no effects on cell viability or cisplatin sensitivity, but impaired significantly proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, with stronger effects on SCC9 cells.ConclusionOur results show a significant prognostic impact of HSP47 overexpression in OSCC and reveal that HSP47 inhibition impairs the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. HSP47 may represent a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty in paediatric pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction
Authors: Tanash Mohammad A , Bollu Bapesh K , Naidoo Rasika , Alexander Angus , Thomas Gordon , Deshpande Aniruddh V , Smith Grahame HH , Giutronich Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AimCompared to open pyeloplasty (OP), we hypothesised that laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) is associated with early recovery, a shorter length of stay (LOS) and less analgesia requirement.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2016, 146 dismembered pyeloplasty cases were reviewed, of which 113 were in the OP group and 33 were in the LP group. We evaluated both groups regarding operative time, LOS, success rate, complications rate and analgesia requirement. Subgroup analysis was done for patients above the age of 5 years, and within the OP group (dorsal lumbotomy (DL) vs. loin incision (LI)).ResultsThe success rate was 96% in the open group and 97% in the laparoscopic group. The median operative time was significantly shorter in the open group for the entire cohort (127 vs. 200 min; P < 0.05), and in children older than 5 years (n = 41, 134 vs. 225 min; P < 0.05). Other parameters were similar in both groups. The median LOS was significantly shorter (2 vs. 4 days; P < 0.05), and the median analgesia requirement was less (0.44 vs. 0.64 mg/kg morphine; P < 0.05) in the DL (n = 60) compared to LI (n = 53).ConclusionBoth OP and LP dismembered approaches are equally effective in treating pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction. Overall, the LOS, complications rate and analgesia requirement were not significantly different; however, the operative time was significantly longer in LP.
Opportunistic coeliac disease screening in undifferentiated presentations to paediatric acute care
Authors: Pathmanandavel Karrnan , Wong Melanie , Williams Emma , Stormon Michael , Nogajski Rebecca , Williams Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AimCoeliac disease (CD) can remain undiagnosed due to absent/atypical symptoms. We evaluated screening for CD in undifferentiated paediatric patients in the emergency department (ED).MethodsSubjects were all patients presenting to a children's hospital ED during the study period who had blood taken. Plasma remaining after routine care was tested for tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG IgA) and deamidated gliadin IgG (DGP IgG) antibodies. Patients with positive results were counselled and offered confirmatory testing, then gastroenterology review if warranted.ResultsAn initial positive result for either DGP IgG or tTG IgA was found in 4.2% (44/1055). There was a normalisation of 76% (19/25) of positive DGP IgG and 44% (4/9) of tTG IgA results on repeat testing, which was not available in 27% (12/44). The prevalence of biopsy‐confirmed CD was 0.7% (7/1055), including two new diagnoses and five subjects with known CD. Three likely cases could not be confirmed. All confirmed and likely cases were >10 years old. In children >10 years old, the prevalence of either biopsy‐confirmed or likely CD was 3.3% (10/302). A family history of CD, growth concerns, recurrent abdominal pain and lethargy were associated with persistence of positive tests.ConclusionOpportunistic testing for CD in ED requires further investigation as a CD screening strategy. Our results suggest optimal screening in this setting should be by initially testing for tTG IgA and total IgA in children >10 years old (minimising transiently positive tests). Transiently positive coeliac antibodies may also warrant further investigation as a predictor of future CD.
Prevention of neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment induced by zinc nanoparticles by oral administration of saffron extract
Authors: Hamdi Essia , Muñiz‐Gonzalez Ana‐Belén , Hidouri Slah , Bermejo Alberto M. , Sakly Mohsen , Venero César , Amara Salem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe accumulation of relatively higher dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles in brain was reported to produce neurotoxicity. Indeed, nanoparticles have a high ability to penetrate biological membranes and be uptaken by cells, which may cause cell disorders and physiological dysfunctions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, whether oral administration of saffron extract, in rats, can protect from neurotoxicity and behavioural disturbances induced by chronic administration of ZnO‐NPs. Daily oral administration of ZnO‐NPs was performed for 21 consecutive days to induce oxidative stress‐like situation. Then after the saffron extract was concomitantly administrated in several rat groups to overcome the nanotoxicological effect induced by ZnO‐NPs. In the frontal cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum, ZnO‐NPs induced a H2O2‐oxydative stress‐like effect reflected in reduced enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S‐transferase, and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, increased levels of proinflammatory interleukins IL‐6 and IL‐1‐⍺ occurred in the hippocampus, reveal the existence of brain inflammation. The concomitant administration of saffron extract to animals exposed to ZnO‐NPs prevented the enhanced anxiety‐related to the behaviour in the elevated plus‐maze test, the open field test and preserved spatial learning abilities in the Morris water maze. Moreover, animals exposed to ZnO‐NPs and saffron showed abnormal activity of several antioxidant enzymes as well as acetylcholinesterase activity, an effect that may underly the preserved anxiety‐like behaviour and spatial learning abilities observed in these animals. Saffron extract has a potential beneficial therapeutic effect: antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
How Exceptional Is the West? An Investigation of Worldwide Trends in Societal‐Average Levels of Religiosity, 1981–2020
Authors: Roberts Louisa L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch shows most Western societies became less religious over recent decades. But we know much less about the rest of the world. Is the non‐Western world also becoming less religious, as some varieties of secularization theory would lead us to expect? Using 1981‐to‐2020 World/European Values Survey data from 103 countries, this study describes, and uses mixed‐effects models to rigorously estimate, religious trends in eight world regions and five former Soviet and Eastern Bloc (FSEB) subregions. Results indicate that religious decline occurred in Latin America, Central and Baltic Europe, and (recently) in the Mideast and North Africa. But there is little evidence of such decline elsewhere in Asia, Africa, or the FSEB—despite the broad reach of many modernizing social trends. These findings do not lend support to a strong version of secularization theory but may be consistent with some versions of the idea that modernization can make people less religious.
Effect of extrusion processing on techno‐functional properties, textural properties, antioxidant activities, in vitro nutrient digestibility and glycemic index of sorghum–chickpea‐based extruded snacks
Authors: Kaur Jashandeep , Singh Baljit , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Kidwai Mohd Kashif 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhysico‐chemical, textural, functional, and nutritional properties of the twin screw extruded whole sorghum–chickpea (8:2) snacks was investigated using in vitro procedures. The extruded snacks were analyzed for the effect of variations in extruded conditions on their properties: barrel BT (BT) (130–170°C) and feed moisture (FM) (14%–18%), keeping screw speed constant (400 rpm). The results revealed that specific mechanical energy (SME) decreased (74.4–60.0) in response to rise in both BT and FM, whereas expansion ratio (ER) had shown an alternative relation as it decreased with elevated FM (2.17 at 14%, 130°C to 2.14 at 16%, 130°C) and increased with BT (1.75 at 18%, 130°C to 2.48 at 18%, 170°C). The values of WAI and WSI improved with the surge in BT, which was associated with enhanced disruption of starch granules at higher BT. Raise in FM incremented the total phenolic content (TPC) and hence the antioxidant activity (AA) (FRAP and DPPH) along with the hardness of snacks. As per in vitro starch digestibility is concerned, slowly digestible starch (SDS) content as well as glycemic index (51–53) of the extrudates depressed with increasing BT and FM. Also, lower BT and FM improved the functional properties such as expansion ratio, in‐vitro protein digestibility, and overall acceptability of the snacks. A positive correlation was seen among SME and hardness of the snacks, WSI and ER, TPC and AA, SDS and Exp‐GI, color and OA, texture and OA.
The phylum Chloroflexi and their SAR202 clade dominate the microbiome of two marine sponges living in extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Maggioni Federica , Stenger Pierre‐Louis , Jourand Philippe , Majorel Clarisse 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe capacity of marine sponges to cope with environmental changes is often attributed to the specific composition of their bacterial communities. In this study, we assessed the bacterial microbiome of two dominant sponges, Rhabdastrella globostellata (Rg) and Hyrtios erectus (He), living in the Bouraké lagoon (New Caledonia), where abiotic conditions daily fluctuate according to the tide. Sponge specimens, sediment and seawater samples were collected at 2–3 m depth. The bacterial communities were assessed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, and variations between the two sponges were compared using PCA biplots. Chloroflexi was the dominant phyla in both He and Rg with an average relative abundance of 41.2% and 53.2%, respectively, while it was absent in sediment and seawater. Among the phylum Chloroflexi, SAR202 clade was dominant in both sponges, reaching an average relative abundance of 53.2% (He) and 78.7% (Rg). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the main variables driving the bacterial community structure in both sponges. The results indicated that the bacterial community structure in both sponges was strongly associated with Chloroflexi (70.9% of the phyla variance) and SAR202 clade (86.6% of the clade variance). The high relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi and the SAR202 clade observed in this study is the highest reported so far in the literature in marine sponges. Such a high relative abundance of these bacteria could suggest their involvement in the well‐being of sponges in the extreme environmental conditions of Bouraké.
Serotonin reuptake transporter deficiency promotes liver steatosis and impairs intestinal barrier function in obese mice fed a Western‐style diet
Authors: Rosa Louisa Filipe , Haasis Eva , Knauss Annkathrin , Guseva Daria , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal barrier dysfunctions have been associated with liver steatosis and metabolic diseases. Besides nutritional factors, like a Western‐style diet (WSD), serotonin has been linked with leaky gut. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and liver steatosis in mice fed high‐fat and high‐sugar diets.Methods6–8 weeks old male serotonin reuptake transporter knockout mice (SERT−/−) and wild‐type controls (SERT+/+) were fed either a WSD or a control diet (CD) ad libitum with or without fructose 30% (F) added to the drinking water for 12 weeks. Markers of liver steatosis and intestinal barrier function were assessed.Key ResultsSERT−/− mice showed increased weight gain compared with SERT+/+ mice when fed a WSD ± F for 12 weeks (p < 0.05), whereby SERT−/− mice exhibited reduced energy (−21%) intake. Furthermore, SERT knockout resulted in a more pronounced liver steatosis (p < 0.05), enhanced levels of endotoxin in portal vein plasma (p < 0.05), and increased liver expression of Tnf and Myd88 (p < 0.05), when mice were fed a WSD ± F. Finally, SERT−/− mice, when compared with SERT+/+ mice, had a decreased mRNA expression of Muc2 (p < 0.01), Ocln (p < 0.05), Cldn5 (p = 0.054) and 7 (p < 0.01), Defa5 (p < 0.05) and other antimicrobial peptides in the ileum. On the protein level, ZO‐1 (p < 0.01) and DEFA5 protein (p < 0.0001) were decreased.Conclusion and InferencesOur data demonstrate that SERT knockout causes weight gain, liver steatosis, and leaky gut, especially in mice fed a WSD. Therefore, SERT induction could be a novel therapeutic approach to improve metabolic diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.
Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling by TCF8 in periodontitis
Authors: Sun Shiqun , Yan Tongtong , Yang Nan , Wu Jian , Liu Zhihui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the potential role of zinc‐finger homeodomain transcription factor (TCF8) in osteoclastogenesis and inflammation during periodontitis.Materials and MethodsRats with periodontitis were induced via Porphyromonas gingivalis‐lipopolysaccharide (Pg‐LPS) injection. The recombinant lentivirus delivering short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against TCF8 was used to downregulate TCF8 in vivo. Alveolar bone loss in rats was determined by micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT). Typical pathological changes, periodontal tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis were evaluated via histological analyses. The RAW264.7‐derived osteoclasts were induced by RANKL stimulation. TCF8 downregulation in vitro was achieved by lentivirus infection. The osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling in RANKL‐induced cells were measured via immunofluorescence methods and molecular biology approaches.ResultsPorphyromonas gingivalis‐lipopolysaccharide induced rats exhibited overexpressed TCF8 in their periodontal tissues, while TCF8 knockdown attenuated the bone loss, tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis in LPS‐induced rats. Besides, TCF8 silencing inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the reduced numbers of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts, less formation of F‐actin rings, and downregulated expressions of osteoclast‐specific markers. It also exerted an inhibitory effect on the NF‐κB signaling in RANKL‐induced cells via blocking NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.ConclusionsTCF8 silencing inhibited alveolar bone loss, osteoclast differentiation, and inflammation in periodontitis.
Lesion formation following pulsed field ablation for pulmonary vein and posterior wall isolation
Authors: Sohns Christian , Fink Thomas , Braun Martin , Sciacca Vanessa , Piran Misagh , Khalaph Moneeb , Hamriti Mustapha El , Guckel Denise , Imnadze Guram , Sommer Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulsed field ablation (PFA) results in unique lesion formation, but there is lack of in–vivo validation in terms of scar formation following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.ObjectiveWe aimed to access atrial lesion formation based on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) following PFA for pulmonary vein (PV) and posterior wall isolation (PWI).MethodsAF ablation was performed in 10 patients using a 31 mm pentaspline PFA catheter. After pulmonary vein isolation (PVI; n = 8 PFA‐applications/ PV; n = 4 in basket and n = 4 in flower configuration), another eight applications in flower configuration were conducted for concomitant PWI. Patients underwent LGE CMR 3 months after ablation aiming for quantification of left atrial (LA) scar.ResultsAcute procedural success was achieved in all patients. Mean procedure duration was 62 ± 7 min. and mean LA dwell time of the PFA catheter was 13 ± 2 min. Mean post ablation total LA scar burden was 8.1 ± 2.1% and mean scar width was 12.8 ± 2.1 mm. At the posterior LA, 22.6 ± 2.2% of the anatomical segment resulted in chronic scar tissue, concentrated at the PW. Postablation CMR found no evidence for PV stenosis or collateral damage of adjacent structures. At 7 months of follow‐up, 9/10 patients (90%) were free from arrhythmia recurrence.ConclusionPFA for AF resulted in durable and transmural atrial scar tissue at the PVs and PW. LGE CMR found a very homogeneous and contiguous lesion pattern with no signs for collateral damage.