bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on the operational efficiency of emergency medical services and its association with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest survival rates: A population‐based cohort study in Kobe, Japan
Authors: Sugiyama Jun , Inoue Shigeaki , Inada Masami , Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakanishi Nobuto , Fujinami Yoshihisa , Saito Masafumi , Ono Yuko , Toyama Kazushige , Toda Futoshi , Shirotsuki Tohru , Shiotani Soushi , Kotani Joji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo identify whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic affects the operational efficiency of emergency medical services (EMS) and the survival rate of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in prehospital settings.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study in Kobe, Japan, between March 1, 2020, and September 31, 2022. In study 1, the operational efficiency of EMS, such as the total out‐of‐service time for ambulances, the daily occupancy rate of EMS, and response time, was compared between the pandemic and nonpandemic periods. In study 2, the impacts of the changes in EMS operational efficiency were investigated among patients with OHCA, with 1‐month survival as the primary outcome and return of spontaneous circulation, 24‐h survival, 1‐week survival, and favorable neurological outcomes as the secondary outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with survival among patients with OHCA.ResultsThe total out‐of‐service time, occupancy rate, and response time significantly increased during the pandemic period (p < 0.001). The response time during the pandemic period increased significantly per pandemic wave. Regarding OHCA outcomes, 1‐month survival rates during the pandemic period significantly decreased compared with those during the nonpandemic period (pandemic 3.7% vs. nonpandemic 5.7%; p < 0.01). Similarly, 24‐h survival (9.9% vs. 12.8%), and favorable neurological outcomes significantly decreased during the pandemic period. In the logistic regression analysis, response time was associated with lower OHCA survival in all outcomes (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with reduced operational efficiency of EMS and decreased OHCA survival rates. Further research is required to improve the efficiency of EMS and OHCA survival rates.
Agarose‐based hydrogels with tunable, charge‐selective permeability properties
Authors: Zhao Jing , Marczynski Matthias , Henkel Manuel , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhysiologically, a hallmark of biological hydrogels is their ability to selectively trap diffusing molecules and particles. And indeed, there is now increasing interest in using selective hydrogel barriers for applications in biomedicine and medical engineering. However, when employing synthetic polymers to create hydrogels with selective permeabilities, controlling the type and strength of the ensuing filtration process is difficult. Here, we generate hybrid gels with adjustable selectivity profiles by mixing a series of (bio‐)macromolecules with agarose. Depending on the type and concentration of the incorporated macromolecules, those hybrid gels achieve a selective retardation of the diffusive translocation of either positively or negatively charged dextrans at both, acidic and neutral pH. Furthermore, we demonstrate three strategies that provide hydrogels with sequestered patches of both, cationic and anionic binding sites, thus creating symmetric charge (i.e., electrostatic bandpass) filters which still allow neutral molecules to pass. Moreover, such agarose matrices offer a high level of versatility as their permeability profiles can be tailored at will by integrating macromolecules with desired physico‐chemical properties. Thus, those agarose‐based hybrid gels may serve as a powerful platform to engineer adjustable and versatile materials for a broad range of future applications in the field of biomedical engineering.
In situ biosynthetic BC/zeolite hybrid hemostat for quick clot
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Zhuquan , Liao Shiqin , Kong Yan , Wang Qingqing , Wei Qufu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZeolite‐based hemostatic agents are considered as an outstanding material to achieve rapid and definitive hemostasis in pre‐hospital management. However, developing a safer zeolitic hemostat that avoids the potential thrombotic risk caused by tiny zeolite residue in bleeding wounds remains a critical challenge. In this research, we employ an in situ biosynthesis process to fabricate a sandwich‐like structured bacterial cellulose/zeolite (BC/zeolite) hybrid hemostat. Zeolite particles were firmly bonded into the BC membranes with <1% leaching after 24 soaking. This hemostat displays effective hemostatic performance after calcium ion‐exchange process. The BC/zeolite‐Ca hemostat can significantly decrease in vitro blood clotting time from 7.5 ± 0.3 min to 2.2 ± 0.3 min. This work achieves a low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and low‐risk approach through in situ biosynthesis in the preparation of BC‐ and zeolite‐based hybrid for pre‐hospital hemostasis applications.
Development of new water‐based anticaking agents for NPK fertilizers using response surface methodology
Authors: Surachaitanawat Nantaporn , Yulianto Dian , Wirasate Supa , Sirisinha Chakrit , Raibhu Soranat , Jariyaboon Manthana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCaking remains a problem for the fertilizer industry in Thailand, especially for NPK fertilizers (15‐7‐18 and 18‐4‐5), leading to difficulty in application. In this work, we developed new water‐based anticaking agents to obtain high anticaking performance using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Nineteen chemical substances were screened and effects of three independent variables (polymer, surfactant, and solvent contents) were investigated. The practicability of the model validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and experiments were compared. Anticaking performance of the coatings was validated using our designed‐accelerated caking method, expressed as the percentage of decrease in caking (%DC). Crushing strength and SEM/EDS analysis were used to evaluate the mechanical property and elemental composition of the coated fertilizers, respectively. The results suggested that different optimal compositions were required for different fertilizer formulas. In addition, only surfactant had a positive effect on caking prevention. The optimized anticaking coatings for 15‐7‐18 and 18‐4‐5 showed excellent performance with 92.0 %DC and 98.8 %DC, respectively.
Ultrasound versus videos: A comparative study on the effectiveness of musculoskeletal anatomy education and student cognition
Authors: Vandenbossche Vicky , Valcke Martin , Steyaert Adelheid , Verstraete Koenraad , Audenaert Emmanuel , Willaert Wouter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUltrasound imaging is a dynamic imaging technique that uses high‐frequency sound waves to capture live images of the structures beneath the skin. In addition to its growing use in diagnosis and interventions, ultrasound imaging has the potential to reinforce concepts in the undergraduate medical curriculum. However, research assessing the impact of ultrasound on anatomy learning and student cognition is scarce. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of ultrasound‐based instruction versus narrated videos on students' understanding of anatomical relationships, as well as the role of intrinsic motivation, self‐efficacy beliefs, and students' attitudes in this process. A booster course on anterior leg and wrist anatomy was offered to second‐year medical students. A randomized controlled trial with a cross‐over design allocated students to either an ultrasound‐based teaching condition (cohort A) or a narrated anatomy video condition (cohort B). Next, participants were crossed to the alternative intervention. At the start of the study (T0), baseline anatomy knowledge, intrinsic motivation, self‐efficacy beliefs, and spatial ability were measured. After the first intervention (T1) and at the end of the study (T2), both cohorts were administered an anatomy test, an intrinsic motivation scale, and a self‐efficacy scale. In addition, each student was asked to fill out a perception survey after the ultrasound intervention. Finally, building on the cross‐over design, the most optimal sequence of interventions was examined. A total of 181 students participated (cohort A: n = 82, cohort B: n = 99). Both cohorts performed comparably on the baseline anatomy knowledge test, spatial ability test, intrinsic motivation, and self‐efficacy scale. At T1, cohort B outperformed cohort A on the anatomy test (p = 0.019), although only a small effect size could be detected (Cohen's d = 0.34). Intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy of both cohorts were similar at T1. At T2, the anatomy test, intrinsic motivation, and self‐efficacy scale did not reflect an effect after studying either sequence of the interventions. Students reported favorably about the ultrasound experience, but also mentioned a steep learning curve. Medical students found the hands‐on ultrasound sessions to be valuable, increasing their interest in musculoskeletal anatomy and ultrasound imaging. However, the addition of ultrasound did not result in superior spatial anatomy understanding compared to watching anatomy videos. In addition, ultrasound teaching did not have a major effect on student cognition. Ultrasound‐based teaching of musculoskeletal anatomy is regarded as difficult to learn, and therefore it is hypothesized that too high levels of cognitive load might explain the presented results.
High Entropy Alloy CoCrFeNiMo Reinforced Electrocatalytic Performance for High‐Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Huo Xiaoran , Zuo Xiaojiao , Wang Xin , Xing Bowei , Zhang Nannan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient, durable, and affordable electrocatalysts is critical for the advancement of a hydrogen economy, particularly in alkaline media. In this study, we propose CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeNiMo high entropy alloys (HEAs) powders as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While there is a performance gap compared to Pt/C, the prepared samples exhibit relatively good electrocatalytic activity with overpotentials of 156.7 mV and 160.5 mV for HER at 10 mA cm−2 in a 1.0 M KOH solution, respectively. Notably, the CoCrFeNiMo catalyst demonstrates significantly higher OER activity than commercial RuO2 with an overpotential of 390 mV at 50 mA cm−2, and delivers a cell voltage of 1.86 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for water splitting.
A randomized cross‐over trial investigating the neurocognitive effects of acute exercise on face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Gerber Markus , Bruggisser Fabienne , Leuenberger Rahel , Brotzmann Mark , Trescher Sarah , Förster Markus , Zou Liye , Herbrecht Evelyn , Hanke Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifficulties in face recognition contribute to social‐cognitive problems in autistic children. Evidence on behavioral interventions targeting this cognitive domain is limited. In non‐autistic individuals, a single exercise session is known to elicit temporary benefits for several cognitive functions. Our study investigates whether acute aerobic exercise influences face recognition in autistic children. In a randomized order, 29 participants completed a 20‐min moderately‐intense cycling bout on an ergometer and a control condition. Before and after each condition, participants categorized Mooney faces and instruments during a computerized cognitive task. Simultaneously, the N170 component of event‐related potentials and pupil size were recorded using electroencephalography and eyetracking, respectively. As indicated by a greater increase of reaction time in the exercise compared to the control condition, the results revealed impaired face recognition following aerobic exercise. This effect was accompanied by a lower decrease of the positive N170 amplitude and a trend towards a greater constriction of the pupil size in the exercise compared to the control condition. Our findings highlight the interplay of the physiological state and face recognition in autistic children. Exercise‐induced impairments in this social‐cognitive ability may be due to an interference with the learning effect that is typically seen for the structural encoding of faces.
Robotic bilateral nephrectomy for large polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Masterson John M. , Zhao Hanson , Taich Lior , Naser‐Tavakolian Aurash , Johnson Hayley , Najjar Reiad , Kim Irene K. , Gupta Amit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to describe our technique and review our experience with synchronous robotic bilateral nephrectomy for large kidneys in ADPKD with the da Vinci XI and da Vinci Single Port platforms (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA).Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all robotic bilateral nephrectomy cases from January 2020 to present at a high‐volume robotic single centre. Demographic data and perioperative details including preoperative CT scans, indication for nephrectomy and renal function were collected. We also collected post‐op course data and final specimen data details.ResultsFourteen cases were included. Patient demographics, indications for surgery and specimen data are outlined in Table 1. The largest kidney removed has a measurement of 32 cm in the largest dimension on preoperative imaging. Median operating time from incision to closure was 299 min (IQR 260, 339). Median estimated blood loss was 75 cc (IQR 50, 187.5). Two patients were transfused intraoperatively. Median pre‐ and post‐operative Hgb was 11.0 and 9.6, respectively. Median length of stay was 3 days (IQR 2, 3.5). There were no intraoperative complications and no open conversions. Post‐operative complications included one incisional hematoma and one superficial wound infection. One patient was admitted to the surgical ICU post operatively for ventilatory support. Two patients were readmitted within 30 days of surgery.ConclusionThe robotic approach to bilateral native nephrectomy for ADPKD should be considered when native nephrectomies are indicated. The operative times and outcomes are favourable compared with prior series, and this technique works even for very large kidneys.
Verkehrsmonitoring an einer Autobahnbrücke – Datenerfassung zur lokalen Verkehrscharakteristik als Grundlage für objektspezifische Verkehrslastmodelle
Authors: Nowak Marcel , Fischer Oliver , Tepho Thibault , Willberg Uwe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDie Entwicklung objektspezifischer Verkehrslastmodelle auf Grundlage lokaler Verkehrsdaten stellt für einzelne Brückentragwerke mit verbleibenden rechnerischen Defiziten bei Nachrechnung gemäß aktuellen Regelwerken (Nachrechnungsrichtlinie) ein potenziell wirksames Werkzeug dar. Eine robuste Datengrundlage zur Abbildung der lokalen Verkehrscharakteristik ist hierfür unerlässlich. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert Untersuchungen, die im Zuge einer langfristen Monitoringkampagne zur umfassenden Beschreibung der Verkehrsbeanspruchung an einem ausgewählten Brückenbauwerk an der Bundesautobahn A 92 über einen Zeitraum von einem Jahr durchgeführt wurden. Im Zuge der Messkampagne kommen eine Messeinheit aus Laserscanner und Webcam sowie ein Strukturmonitoring mit Anwendung von Bridge Weigh‐in‐Motion (BWIM) zum Einsatz. Durch geeignete Strategien und Konzepte zur Erfassung, Aufbereitung und Auswertung aller verfügbaren Messdaten gelingt eine Erfassung aller für die Verkehrslastmodellierung relevanten Parameter und somit die Bereitstellung einer Datengrundlage zur detaillierten sowie realitätsnahen Abbildung der lokalen Verkehrscharakteristik. Erste Auswertungen der Monitoringdaten für ausgewählte Parameter und der Abgleich mit sonst – bei fehlenden Parameterinformationen – typischen Annahmen aus der Literatur zeigen teils signifikante Unterschiede zu der den Normenlastmodellen zugrunde liegenden extremen Verkehrscharakteristik.
Broad H3K4me3 domains: Maintaining cellular identity and their implication in super‐enhancer hijacking
Authors: Kent Daniel , Marchetti Letizia , Mikulasova Aneta , Russell Lisa J. , Rico Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe human and mouse genomes are complex from a genomic standpoint. Each cell has the same genomic sequence, yet a wide array of cell types exists due to the presence of a plethora of regulatory elements in the non‐coding genome. Recent advances in epigenomic profiling have uncovered non‐coding gene proximal promoters and distal enhancers of transcription genome‐wide. Extension of promoter‐associated H3K4me3 histone mark across the gene body, known as a broad H3K4me3 domain (H3K4me3‐BD), is a signature of constitutive expression of cell‐type‐specific regulation and of tumour suppressor genes in healthy cells. Recently, it has been discovered that the presence of H3K4me3‐BDs over oncogenes is a cancer‐specific feature associated with their dysregulated gene expression and tumourigenesis. Moreover, it has been shown that the hijacking of clusters of enhancers, known as super‐enhancers (SE), by proto‐oncogenes results in the presence of H3K4me3‐BDs over the gene body. Therefore, H3K4me3‐BDs and SE crosstalk in healthy and cancer cells therefore represents an important mechanism to identify future treatments for patients with SE driven cancers.
Decitabine in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A multi‐center, open‐label, dose comparison trial
Authors: Liu Hui , Jiang Hao , Tong Hongyan , Xia Ruixiang , Yang Linhua , Zhao Hongguo , Ouyang Jian , Bai Hai , Sun Hui , Hou Li , Jiang Ming , Zeng Yun , Liu Zhuogang , Liang Aibin , Xie Yinghua , Yu Kang , Zhai Zhimin , Liu Li , Jia Jinsong , Fu Rong , Shao Zonghong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe hypomethylating agent decitabine is the standard therapy for intermediate or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).MethodsIn this trial, 191 adult patients with intermediate/high risk MDS (IPSS score ≥ 0.5) randomly received decitabine using a standard regimen (20 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days; n = 94) or an extended regimen with lower daily dose (12 mg/m2/day for 8 consecutive days; n = 97) every 4 weeks, for a total of 4 cycles.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 14 months (range 2–36). The primary end point of overall response rate in the intent‐to‐treat analysis was 41.5% and 38.1% in the standard and extended dosing arms, respectively (p = 0.660). Complete remission and marrow complete remission also did not differ between the two arms. Cytopenia was the most frequent adverse event (76.4%). The median duration of neutropenia per cycle did not differ between the two arms during the first two cycles, but significantly shorter in the extended dosing arm in the third cycle (8.5 vs. 15.5 days, p = 0.049) and in the fourth cycle (8 vs. 14 days, p = 0.294).ConclusionThe 5‐day 20‐mg/m2/day and 8‐day 12‐mg/m2/day decitabine regimens have similar efficacy and safety in patients with intermediate or high risk MDS.
Immune‐independent acquired resistance to PD‐L1 antibody initiated by PD‐L1 upregulation via PI3K/AKT signaling can be reversed by anlotinib
Authors: Gao Yuan , Feng Yingfang , Liu Shaochuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Jing , Qin Tingting , Chen Peng , Li Kai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the benefit with cancer immunotherapies in clinical implication, immunotherapeutic resistance occurred in many patients and the mechanism remains unknown. Increasing evidence has revealed that cell‐intrinsic programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) may play a non‐negotiable part in immunotherapeutic resistance. Our present study aimed to elucidate the immune‐independent acquired resistance mechanism to PD‐L1 antibody. We found elevated PD‐L1 expression induced by PD‐L1 antibodies in cancer cell and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) with substantially acquired resistance to PD‐L1 antibodies. Moreover, proliferation of resistant cells was accelerated and the apoptosis was reduced in the absence of immune compared with parental cells. Subsequently, we confirmed that the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is involved in the upregulation of PD‐L1 expression. Finally, we found that low dose of anlotinib downregulated PD‐L1 expression only in VECs via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway; however, the same effect was not observed in cancer cells. To sum up, our findings revealed that upregulation of PD‐L1 via activation of the PI3K/AKT signal pathway may promote acquired resistance to PD‐L1 antibodies in an immune‐independent manner.SignificanceThese findings provide new mechanisms of immunotherapeutic resistance and effective evidence of anlotinib combined with immunotherapy.
Estimates of bladder cancer burden attributable to high fasting plasma glucose: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Wu Ying , Deng Yujiao , Dai Zhijun , Ma Yubo , Lyu Lijuan , Lei Chen , Zheng Yi , Li Yizhen , Wang Ziming , Gao Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been listed as one of the risk factors for bladder cancer. We here estimated the global, regional, and national levels of bladder cancer burden attributable to high FPG from 1990 to 2019.MethodsBladder cancer data attributable to high FPG were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and analyzed by age, sex, year, and location. Age‐standardized rates were utilized to evaluate the burden between different populations. The temporal trend of the burden was estimated through the Joinpoint analysis.ResultsIn 2019, high FPG contributed to 22,823.33 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4694.88–48,962.26) deaths and 399,654.91 (95% UI, 81,609.35–865,890.95) disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of bladder cancer globally. Since 1990, the global age‐standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer attributable to high FPG increased apparently by 39.18% and 41.48%, respectively. During the last 30 years, high FPG‐related age‐standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer have increased in all countries. In 2019, Central Europe showed the greatest high FPG‐related age‐standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer, but Andean Latin America had the lowest rates. Nationally, Lebanon showed the greatest high FPG‐related age‐standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer in 2019. High FPG‐attributable deaths and DALYs of bladder cancer were more considerable among males and older people. Countries with high SDI showed higher levels of age‐standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer due to high FPG and presented remarkable upward trends in rates in the last 30 years.ConclusionsGlobally, the high FPG‐associated bladder cancer burden has remarkably increased in all countries, and showed a higher level among countries with higher SDI. Monitoring FPG levels among patients with bladder cancer is critical to lower the corresponding burden.