bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effector of Erysiphe necator translocates to chloroplasts and plasma membrane to suppress host immunity in grapevine
Authors: Mu Bo , Teng Zhaolin , Tang Ruixin , Lu Mengjiao , Chen Jinfu , Xu Xiangnan , Wen Ying-Qiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard. An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) was encoded in the E. necator genome, but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the E. necator infection. In the present study, we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of E. necator, which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane. Transient expressing CSEP080 promotes plant photosynthesis and inhibits INF1-induced cell death in tobacco leaves. We found that CSEP080 was a necessary effector for the E. necator pathogenicity, which interacted with grapevine chloroplast protein VviB6f (cytochrome b6-f complex iron–sulfur subunit), affecting plant photosynthesis. Transient silencing VviB6f increased the plant hydrogen peroxide production, and the plant resistance to powdery mildew. In addition, CSEP080 manipulated the VviPE (pectinesterase) to promote pectin degradation. Our results demonstrated the molecular mechanisms that an effector of E. necator translocates to host chloroplasts and plasma membrane, which suppresses with the grapevine immunity system by targeting the chloroplast protein VviB6f to suppress hydrogen peroxide accumulation and manipulating VviPE to promote pectin degradation.
The Role of Locomotory Ancestry on Secondarily Aquatic Transitions
Authors: Formoso Kiersten K , Habib Michael B , Vélez-Juarbe Jorge 
Published: August 2023

Synopsis
Land-to-sea evolutionary transitions are great transformations where terrestrial amniote clades returned to aquatic environments. These secondarily aquatic amniote clades include charismatic marine mammal and marine reptile groups, as well as countless semi-aquatic forms that modified their terrestrial locomotor anatomy to varying degrees to be suited for swimming via axial and/or appendicular propulsion. The terrestrial ancestors of secondarily aquatic groups would have started off swimming strikingly differently from one another given their evolutionary histories, as inferred by the way modern terrestrial amniotes swim. With such stark locomotor functional differences between reptiles and mammals, we ask if this impacted these transitions. Axial propulsion appears favored by aquatic descendants of terrestrially sprawling quadrupedal reptiles, with exceptions. Appendicular propulsion is more prevalent across the aquatic descendants of ancestrally parasagittal-postured mammals, particularly early transitioning forms. Ancestral terrestrial anatomical differences that precede secondarily aquatic invasions between mammals and reptiles, as well as the distribution of axial and appendicular swimming in secondarily aquatic clades, may indicate that ancestral terrestrial locomotor anatomy played a role, potentially in both constraint and facilitation, in certain aquatic locomotion styles. This perspective of the land-to-sea transition can lead to new avenues of functional, biomechanical, and developmental study of secondarily aquatic transitions.
Outcomes of thoracic aortic interventions in Marfan syndrome in the state of Texas over 11 years
Authors: Mikulski Matthew F , Well Andrew , Mery Carlos M , Johnson Gregory , Gottlieb Erin A , Fraser Charles D , Beckerman Ziv 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Marfan syndrome is a heritable connective tissue disorder with significant aortopathy and conveys substantial cardiovascular morbidity. This study characterizes the mortality and morbidities of thoracic aortic interventions (TAI) in the Marfan syndrome population in the state of Texas from 2009 to 2019.

METHODS
A retrospective review of the Texas Inpatient Discharge Dataset from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2019. Discharges from acute care hospitals with a Marfan syndrome diagnosis by the International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes and a procedure code for TAI were analysed utilizing descriptive, univariate and multivariable regression statistics.

RESULTS
There were 4641 Marfan syndrome discharges identified, of whom 644 (13.9%) underwent TAI. Thoracic or thoraco-abdominal aortic dissection or rupture was noted in 223 (34.6%). Thirty-three (5.1%) had a concomitant coronary artery intervention. There were 30 (4.7%) in-hospital mortalities, 126 (19.6%) diagnoses of acute renal failure (ARF), 52 (8.1%) had mechanical ventilation &gt;96 h and the median length of stay was 10 [interquartile range (IQR) 7–16] days. After adjustment, concomitant coronary artery intervention was associated with in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) 3.69 [IQR 1.15–11.90], P = 0.029] and ARF (OR 2.66 [IQR 1.19–5.94], P = 0.017). Aortic dissections/ruptures were associated with ARF (OR 1.73 [IQR 1.14–2.63], P = 0.010), ventilation &gt;96 h (OR 2.19 [IQR 1.21–3.97], P = 0.010), and 15% longer length of stay (95% confidence interval 2.4–29.1%, P = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS
TAI are frequent among the hospitalized Marfan Syndrome population. Concomitant coronary intervention is associated with increased risk of death and aortic dissections/ruptures are associated with increased morbidity. The high prevalence of aortic dissections/ruptures points to a potential target for improving imaging surveillance, adherence to treatment guidelines and preventative management of Marfan syndrome aortopathy.
In vivo performance of a tri-leaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis in an ovine model
Authors: Langenaeken Tom , De Meester Pieter , Verbrugghe Peter , Rega Filip , Lamberigts Marie , Van Hecke Manon , Van Hoof Lucas , Meuris Bart 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We present the long-term results of a trileaflet (Triflo) versus bileaflet (On-X) mechanical valve in both aortic and pulmonary positions in a sheep model.

METHODS
The Triflo valve was implanted in 21 female sheep in aortic (n = 8) and pulmonary position (n = 13). The On-X valve was implanted in 7 female sheep in aortic (n = 1) and pulmonary (n = 6) positions. No antithrombotic medication of any kind was given postoperatively. In the aortic group, survival cohorts were 3 and 5 months. In the pulmonary group, survival cohorts were 10 and 20 weeks. Valve performance was assessed using haematology, echocardiography and acoustic measurements combined with post-mortem pathology analysis of the downstream organs.

RESULTS
The mean gradients were lower for the Triflo valve in both pulmonary [4.30 mmHg (3.70–5.73) vs 6.80 mmHg (4.63–7.96), P = 0.012] and aortic [5.1 mmHg (4.2–7.7) vs 10.7 mmHg (8.7–12.9), P = 0.007] positions. Peak gradients were lower for the Triflo valve in both pulmonary [8.05 mmHg (6.75–10.23) vs 13.15 mmHg (9.20–14.76), P = 0.005] and aortic [8.7 mmHg (7.5–12.5) vs 16.5 mmHg (14.2–19.6), P = 0.009] positions. In both positions, leaflets and housing surface were free from any deposits macro- and microscopically and comparable to nonimplanted control valves. Peripheral organs showed no signs of thrombo-embolic damage. Biochemical and haematological were comparable to preoperative. The closing click sound pressure level of the Triflo was significantly lower in both aortic [108.4 sound pressure level (102.0–115.7) vs 111.7 sound pressure level (105.5–117.0), P &lt; 0.001] and pulmonary [103.6 sound pressure level (99.1–108.9) vs 118.5 sound pressure level (116.7–120.2), P &lt; 0.001] position.

CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary in vivo results of the Triflo valve are promising in both aortic and pulmonary positions in an ovine model. Excellent haemodynamics, stable long-term function, low valve noise and no thrombo-embolic events in the absence of antithrombotic medication lay the foundation to a future clinical first-in-man trial.
A new Malmquist productivity index with an application to commercial banks
Authors: Zhu Chuanjin , Zhu Nan , Emrouznejad Ali , Ye Tao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Accepted by: Aris Syntetos
Management-led productivity improvements are crucial for achieving sustainable development, and the Malmquist productivity index is known to be useful in relevant contexts. This study aims to extend such index by using non-parametric mathematical modelling of production processes. Specifically, and in the spirit of the existing index, we introduce the directional distance function to develop a new one applicable to the joint production of desirable and undesirable outputs. Furthermore, we decompose the new index into two constituent components to provide more intuitive explanations when revealing the root sources of productivity changes over time. Under the cost minimization assumption, the new index is applicable when producers implement resource allocation management, and the input–output quantities and the micro-level input prices are known. The index emphasizes that the allocative efficiency should be regarded as an important aspect of productivity assessment like the technical efficiency. As a practical benchmarking tool, it can offer valuable information and provide appropriate strategies for managerial decision-making. The index’s application and usefulness is demonstrated in the commercial bank sector in China.
Finite Idempotent Set-Theoretic Solutions of the Yang–Baxter Equation
Authors: Colazzo Ilaria , Jespers Eric , Kubat Łukasz , Van Antwerpen Arne , Verwimp Charlotte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is proven that finite idempotent left non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions $(X,r)$ of the Yang–Baxter equation on a set $X$ are determined by a left simple semigroup structure on $X$ (in particular, a finite union of isomorphic copies of a group) and some maps $q$ and $\varphi _{x}$ on $X$, for $x\in X$. This structure turns out to be a group precisely when the associated Yang–Baxter monoid $M(X,r)$ is cancellative and all the maps $\varphi _{x}$ are equal to an automorphism of this group. Equivalently, the Yang–Baxter algebra $K[M(X,r)]$ is right Noetherian, or in characteristic zero it has to be semiprime. The Yang–Baxter algebra is always a left Noetherian representable algebra of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension one. To prove these results, it is shown that the Yang–Baxter semigroup $S(X,r)$ has a decomposition in finitely many cancellative semigroups $S_{u}$ indexed by the diagonal, each $S_{u}$ has a group of quotients $G_{u}$ that is finite-by-(infinite cyclic) and the union of these groups carries the structure of a left simple semigroup. The case that $X$ equals the diagonal is fully described by a single permutation on $X$.
The Effects of Bacillus subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and the gut microbiota in weaned piglets
Authors: Liu Junchen , Ma Xiangyuan , Zhuo Yong , Xu Shengyu , Hua Lun , Li Jian , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Jiang Xuemei , Che Lianqiang , Zhu Zeyuan , Lin Yan , Wu De 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigated the effects of different Bacillus subtilis QST713 doses and a B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase mix on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. In total, 320 healthy piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) control group (basal diet), 2) BS100 group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), 3) BS200 group (basal diet plus 200 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), and 4) a BS100XT group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713 and 150 mg/kg β-mannanase). The study duration was 42 d. We showed that feed intake in weaned piglets on days 1 to 21 was increased in group BS100 (P &lt; 0.05), and that the feed conversion ratio in group BS100XT animals decreased throughout the study (P &lt; 0.05). In terms of microbial counts, the BS100XT group showed reduced Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens numbers on day 21 (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, no significant α-diversity differences were observed across all groups during the study (P &gt; 0.05). However, principal coordinates analysis indicated clear separations in bacterial community structures across groups (analysis of similarities: P &lt; 0.05) on days 21 and 42. Additionally, E-cadherin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in piglet feces increased (P &lt; 0.05) by adding B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase to diets. Notably, this addition decreased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, B. subtilis QST713 addition or combined B. subtilis QST713 plus β-mannanase effectively improved growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and microbial balance in weaned piglets.
Rehydration of Freeze Substituted Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunoelectron Microscopy
Authors: Pérez-Garza Janeth , Parrish-Mulliken Emily , Deane Zachary , Ostroff Linnaea E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) volume reconstruction is a powerful tool for investigating the fundamental structure of brain circuits, but the full potential of this technique is limited by the difficulty of integrating molecular information. High quality ultrastructural preservation is necessary for EM reconstruction, and intact, highly contrasted cell membranes are essential for following small neuronal processes through serial sections. Unfortunately, the antibody labeling methods used to identify most endogenous molecules result in compromised morphology, especially of membranes. Cryofixation can produce superior morphological preservation and has the additional advantage of allowing indefinite storage of valuable samples. We have developed a method based on cryofixation that allows sensitive immunolabeling of endogenous molecules, preserves excellent ultrastructure, and is compatible with high-contrast staining for serial EM reconstruction.
Fabrication of Specimens for Atom Probe Tomography Using a Combined Gallium and Neon Focused Ion Beam Milling Approach
Authors: Allen Frances I , Blanchard Paul T , Lake Russell , Pappas David , Xia Deying , Notte John A , Zhang Ruopeng , Minor Andrew M , Sanford Norman A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a new focused ion beam sample preparation method for atom probe tomography. The key aspect of the new method is that we use a neon ion beam for the final tip-shaping after conventional annulus milling using gallium ions. This dual-ion approach combines the benefits of the faster milling capability of the higher current gallium ion beam with the chemically inert and higher precision milling capability of the noble gas neon ion beam. Using a titanium–aluminum alloy and a layered aluminum/aluminum-oxide tunnel junction sample as test cases, we show that atom probe tips prepared using the combined gallium and neon ion approach are free from the gallium contamination that typically frustrates composition analysis of these materials due to implantation, diffusion, and embrittlement effects. We propose that by using a focused ion beam from a noble gas species, such as the neon ions demonstrated here, atom probe tomography can be more reliably performed on a larger range of materials than is currently possible using conventional techniques.
SCHIZORIZA domain–function analysis identifies requirements for its specific role in cell fate segregation
Authors: Pardal Renan , Scheres Ben , Heidstra Renze 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Plant development continues postembryonically with a lifelong ability to form new tissues and organs. Asymmetric cell division, coupled with fate segregation, is essential to create cellular diversity during tissue and organ formation. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants harboring mutations in the SCHIZORIZA (SCZ) gene display fate segregation defects in their roots, resulting in the presence of an additional layer of endodermis, production of root hairs from subepidermal tissue, and misexpression of several tissue identity markers. Some of these defects are observed in tissues where SCZ is not expressed, indicating that part of the SCZ function is nonautonomous. As a class B HEAT-SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (HSFB), the SCZ protein contains several conserved domains and motifs. However, which domain(s) discriminates SCZ from its family members to obtain a role in development remains unknown. Here, we investigate how each domain contributes to SCZ function in Arabidopsis root patterning by generating altered versions of SCZ by domain swapping and mutation. We show that the SCZ DNA-binding domain is the main factor for its developmental function, and that SCZ likely acts as a nonmotile transcriptional repressor. Our results demonstrate how members of the HSF family can evolve toward functions beyond stress response.
Measuring Climate Transition Risk Spillovers
Authors: Yang Runfeng , Caporin Massimiliano , Jiménez-Martin Juan-Angel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study the transition risk spillover among six major financial markets from 2013 to 2021. The USA is the main transition risk contributor, while Japan and China are the net risk receivers. Risk spillover may change over time and change according to different types of transition risk shocks. It takes around 6 weeks for transition risks to be fairly transmitted. On average, around 50% of local climate shocks to a given financial market originate from other markets. Transmission channels include the transmission of information and the economic connections between countries.
Prefrontal and Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons in Animal Models for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Santos-Silva Thamyris , dos Santos Fabris Débora , de Oliveira Cilene Lino , Guimarães Francisco S , Gomes Felipe V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Consistent with postmortem findings in patients, most animal models for schizophrenia (SCZ) present abnormal levels of parvalbumin (PV), a marker of fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). However, there are discrepancies in the literature. PV reductions lead to a functional loss of PV interneurons, which is proposed to underly SCZ symptoms. Given its complex etiology, different categories of animal models have been developed to study SCZ, which may distinctly impact PV levels in rodent brain areas.

Study Design
We performed a quantitative meta-analysis on PV-positive cell number/density and expression levels in the PFC and HIP of animal models for SCZ based on pharmacological, neurodevelopmental, and genetic manipulations.

Results
Our results confirmed that PV levels are significantly reduced in the PFC and HIP regardless of the animal model. By categorizing into subgroups, we found that all pharmacological models based on NMDA receptor antagonism decreased PV-positive cell number/density or PV expression levels in both brain areas examined. In neurodevelopmental models, abnormal PV levels were confirmed in both brain areas in maternal immune activation models and HIP of the methylazoxymethanol acetate model. In genetic models, negative effects were found in neuregulin 1 and ERBB4 mutant mice in both brain regions and the PFC of dysbindin mutant mice. Regarding sex differences, male rodents exhibited PV reductions in both brain regions only in pharmacological models, while few studies have been conducted in females.

Conclusion
Overall, our findings support deficits in prefrontal and hippocampal PV interneurons in animal models for SCZ.
Awareness of alcohol as a breast cancer risk factor and intentions to reduce alcohol consumption among U.S. young adult women
Authors: Alalwan Mahmood A , Long Lauren , Hirko Kelly A , LoConte Noelle K , Scherr Courtney L , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Atkinson Leanne , Suraapaneni Sriya , Gatti-Mays Margaret E , Manne Sharon , Mays Darren 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Alcohol consumption is prevalent in young adult women and linked with breast cancer risk. Research to inform interventions targeting alcohol consumption as a breast cancer prevention strategy is limited. We examined young women’s awareness of alcohol use as a breast cancer risk factor, identified correlates of awareness, and determined how awareness and conceptual predictors relate to intentions to reduce drinking. Women aged 18–25 years who drank alcohol in the past month (N = 493) completed a cross-sectional survey. Measures captured sociodemographics, breast cancer risk factors, awareness of alcohol use as a breast cancer risk factor, intentions to reduce drinking, and conceptual predictors. Analyses examined correlates of awareness and associations between awareness, conceptual predictors, and intentions to reduce drinking. Awareness was low (28%) and intentions to reduce drinking were moderate (M = 2.60, SD = 0.73, range 1–4). In multivariable analyses, awareness was associated with greater worry about cancer, beliefs that there’s not much one can do to reduce cancer risk and everything causes cancer, higher perceived breast cancer risk, and stronger beliefs that reducing drinking reduces breast cancer risk. Awareness was not associated with intentions to reduce drinking. Younger age, older age of alcohol initiation, negative attitudes towards alcohol, fewer friends consuming alcohol, and stronger self-efficacy were associated with intentions to reduce drinking. Few young women recognize alcohol consumption as a breast cancer risk factor. Researchers and policymakers can apply our findings to design new or refine existing interventions to optimize their impact on awareness and alcohol consumption in young women.