bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifertile and Estrogenic Effects of Sida acuta Root on Experimental
Animal Models
Authors: Pradhan Dusmanta Kumar , Karna Sujata , Mishra Manas Ranjan , Singh Sunil , Mishra Koushlesh Kumar , Tiwari Varsha , Tiwari Abhishek , Kumar Manish , Sharma Ajay 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Herbal medications have been used for centuries in traditional Indian medicine
to reduce fertility in several regions. Among them, Sida acuta (S. acuta) is a traditional herb having
antifertility effects with other broad medicinal properties. In this work, it was studied for its effect
on fertility in female rats.

Objective:
The purpose of this research was to conduct effectiveness and safety investigations on S.
acuta root, an antifertility plant widely used in Asian countries.

Methods:
Fertile albino Wistar female rats (200-250 gm) were used for antifertility investigations. The
animals were separated into four groups, each with six members, and treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg
of the methanolic extract in combination with Ethinyl Estradiol (0.3 mg/kg body weight) as per schedule.
They all took place for seven days. On the 8th day, every positive rat was decapitated under ether
anesthesia, and the uterus and surrounding tissues were taken from it for fast weight measurement.

Results:
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids as
secondary metabolites. RP-HPLC analysis was used to determine the concentration of colchicine in S.
acuta roots extract, and it was found to have a retention period of 7.35 minutes. The female Wistar
rats treated with S. acuta root study showed that the litter weight of the experimental group with MESA
(200) was 42.13 ± 0.77 and MESA (400) was 18.53 ± 0.94 lower than the control group 61.5 ±
0.29 which reveals that there was a decrease in litter weight, indicating the potential antifertility activity
of the experimental group. It was shown that the extract was more effective in reducing the number
of litters born (50 percent) and causing considerable anti-implantation activity (3.29) than the control
in postcoital testing. The uterotrophic response was less pronounced than that elicited by ethinylestradiol
alone when the extract was administered simultaneously (p<0.01). The estrogenic activity of the
extract was, therefore, low at the contraceptive dosage level when taken alone. Both ethinylestradiol
and these compounds, on the other hand, showed considerable antiestrogenic properties.

Conclusion:
The methanolic extract of S. acuta root showed significant antifertility effects and was
found to be safe when used at the effective dosages found in this research.
Perancangan User Experience Aplikasi Website Computer Assisted Test (CAT) Menggunakan Five Planes Framework
Authors: Widyaningrum Destriana 
Published: July 2023

Ujian di beberapa sekolah masih dilaksanakan secara konvensional, dengan cara tertulis menggunakan lembar jawaban komputer. Pengembangan website aplikasi Computer Assisted Test (CAT) untuk menggantikan proses pelaksanaan ujian saat ini, menjadi permasalahan bagi pengguna yang belum mahir dalam menggunakan komputer. Pengguna harus memahami fitur-fitur baru dan melalui proses tahapan persiapan ujian yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang user experience, untuk tampilan website aplikasi Computer Assisted Test (CAT), dengan menggunakan five planes framework. Metode ini terdapat elemen yang dikerjakan secara bertahap dari level paling bawah ke atas, mulai dari strategy plane, scope plane, structure plane, skeleton plane, dan surface plane. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah prototipe desain user interface untuk diimplementasikan pada website aplikasi CAT di lain waktu. Pemilihan five Planes framework dengan tahapan yang sistematis tepat untuk merancang user experience, mulai dari identifikasi analisis kebutuhan dan tujuan bisnis stakeholder, mengarahkan perencanaan alur fungsi sistem yang terstruktur untuk membuat menu website, hingga rancangan interface dengan memperhatikan usability dan estetika yang berpedoman pada design guidelines dalam menentukan dan menempatkan setiap elemen visual.
TFRC–RNA interactions show the regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing associated with IgAN in human renal tubule mesangial cells
Authors: Li Jian-Si , Chen Xiao , Luo Ailing , Chen Dong 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease (PGD) which could progress to renal failure and is characterized by aberrant IgA immune complex deposition. Transferrin receptor1 (TFRC), an IgA receptor, is a potential RNA binding protein (RBP) which regulates expression of genes positively associated with the cell cycle and proliferation and is involved in IgAN. Molecular mechanisms by which TFRC affects IgAN development remain unclear.Methods: In this study, TFRC was overexpressed in human renal tubular mesangial cells (HRMCs) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and improved RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (iRIP-seq) were performed. The aim was to identify potential RNA targets of TFRC at transcriptional and alternative splicing (AS) levels.Results: TFRC-regulated AS genes were enriched in mRNA splicing and DNA repair, consistent with global changes due to TFRC overexpression (TFRC-OE). Expression of TFRC-regulated genes potentially associated with IgAN, including CENPH, FOXM1, KIFC1, TOP2A, FABP4, ID1, KIF20A, ATF3, H19, IRF7, and H1-2, and with AS, CYGB, MCM7 and HNRNPH1, were investigated by RT-qPCR and iRIP-seq data analyzed to identify TFRC-bound RNA targets. RCC1 and RPPH1 were found to be TFRC-bound RNA targets involved in cell proliferation.Discussion: In conclusion, molecular TFRC targets were identified in HRMCs and TFRC found to regulate gene transcription and AS. TFRC is considered to have potential as a clinical therapeutic target.
SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is higher in vaccinated patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases or liver transplantation treated with mycophenolate due to an impaired antiviral immune response: results of the extended follow up of the RIVALSA prospective cohort
Authors: Rizzi Manuela , Tonello Stelvio , Brinno Cristiana , Zecca Erika , Matino Erica , Cittone Micol , Rizzi Eleonora , Casciaro Giuseppe Francesco , D’Onghia Davide , Colangelo Donato , Minisini Rosalba , Bellan Mattia , Castello Luigi Mario , Chiocchetti Annalisa , Pirisi Mario , Rigamonti Cristina , Lilleri Daniele , Zavaglio Federica , Bergami Federica , Sola Daniele , Sainaghi Pier Paolo 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundA relevant proportion of immunocompromised patients did not reach a detectable seroconversion after a full primary vaccination cycle against SARS-CoV-2. The effect of different immunosuppressants and the potential risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection in these subjects is largely unknown.MethodsPatients from the Rivalsa prospective, observational cohort study with planned anti SARS-CoV-2 third dose mRNA vaccination between October and December 2021 were asked to participate to this follow-up study. Patients were asked about eventual confirmed positivity to SARS-CoV-2 infection within 6 months from the third dose and to undergo a blood draw to evaluate seroconversion status after the additional vaccine shot.Results19 out of 114 patients taking part in the survey developed a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; we identified mycophenolate treatment as an independent predictor of an increased risk of infection even after the third vaccine dose (OR: 5.20, 95% CI: 1.70-20.00, p=0.0053). This result is in agreement with the in vitro evidence that MMF impairs both B and T lymphocytes driven immune responses (reduction both in memory B cells producing anti-spike antibodies and in proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells).ConclusionsImmunocompromised patients need an additional vaccine administration to reach a detectable seroconversion, thus fostering a more personalized approach to their clinical management. Moreover, patients undergoing mycophenolate treatment show a specific increased infection risk, with respect to other immunosuppressants thus supporting a closer monitoring of their health status.
Is hysterectomy associated with kidney cancer risk? A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Yu Ling , Yu Pengkui , Lu Yi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionEmerging evidence have suggested a potential relationship between hysterectomy and risk of kidney cancer with inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association of hysterectomy with kidney cancer risk based on a meta-analysis of all available cohort studies.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in the PubMed and Embase database, covering all the papers published by September 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model.ResultsOverall, our meta-analysis included 10 cohorts from 9 studies with approximately 240 million participants. The pooled RR with its 95% CI showed a significantly positive association between hysterectomy and risk of kidney cancer (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19-1.41). No obvious heterogeneity was observed across the studies (P = 0.206 for heterogeneity; I2 = 25.9%).ConclusionFindings from this meta-analysis of cohort studies indicated that hysterectomy was positively associated with subsequent kidney cancer risk. Further large prospective studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to verify these findings.
Comparative Morphology of Wax Gland Heads in Adult Dustywings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae)
Authors: Li Min , Oswald John D. , Liu Zhiqi 
Published: July 2023

In the largest comparative study of coniopterygid wax gland head morphology to date, we used scanning electron microscopy to illustrate the ultrastructure of gland heads found in 2 subfamilies (Aleuropteryginae and Coniopteryginae), 5 tribes (Aleuropterygini, Coniocompsini, Coniopterygini, Conwentziini, and Fontenelleini), 9 genera (Aleuropteryx, Coniopteryx, Coniocompsa, Conwentzia, Cryptoscenea, Heteroconis, Semidalis, Spiloconis, and Thecosemidalis), and 28 species of Palearctic and Oriental dustywings collected from a variety of sites across China. We propose a new descriptive terminology to concisely characterize the major elements of gland head ultrastructure and then identify similarities and differences among them and provide detailed descriptions of the wax gland heads found in each of the nine genera examined. Based on the range of taxa examined, we propose hypotheses about the functional morphology of some of the ultrastructural elements examined and relate them to wax ring formation in dustywings. An identification key for the examined genera based on gland head morphology is also presented.
Why Smart Contracts Reported as Vulnerable were not Exploited?
Authors: Hu Tianyuan , Li Jingyue , Li Bixin , Storhaug André 
Published: July 2023

<p>Smart contract security is essential for blockchain applications. Studies show that few of the reported vulnerabilities are exploited. However, no follow-up study is performed to why the reported vulnerabilities are not exploited. We aim to understand the reasons for the low exploitation rate to help improve vulnerability detection practices. We first collect 136,969 unique real-world smart contracts and analyze them using seven vulnerability detectors. Then, we apply Strauss’ grounded theory approach to understand if they are exploitable. In addition, we analyze the transaction logs of the exploitable vulnerabilities to understand their exploitations in history. Among the 4,364 smart contracts reported as vulnerable by the vulnerability detectors, 75.27% of them are unexploitable. Only 66 (0.015%) exploitable contracts have been exploited. We uncover 11 reasons for making the detectors misidentify unexploitable vulnerabilities and six reasons that may lower the possibility of exploitable contracts being exploited by attackers. We illustrate that: beyond treating the smart contracts as yet another Object Oriented (OO) application, it is essential to consider the Solidity programming language’s design principle, smart contracts' application scenarios, and their execution environments. Based on the study's insights, we provide several suggestions to improve smart contract vulnerability detection, prioritization, and mitigation. </p>
Potential of Vermifiltration Technique to Reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Total Suspended Solid of Farm Dairy Effluent in Developing Countries: Case of Indonesian Farm Dairy Industry
Authors: Permana Indra , Sudirja Rija , Jupesta Joni 
Published: July 2023

Farm dairy effluent (FDE) contains high level of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) which caused river and groundwater pollution. To reduce those parameters, vermifiltration technique was utilized for dairy effluent treatment. It also could reduce greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions, removing organic and excessive nutrients without odor and recovering manure nutrients in the treated dairy effluent and vermicompost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Vermifiltration in reducing COD, BOD and TSS of the FDE. Samples of wastewater were collected from dairy farm industry from 3,542 of total cow populations located in Bandung regency, Indonesia. The sample characteristics of COD, BOD, TSS, pH, NH3-N, organic carbon, and macro nutrients (total N, P2O5, and K2O) were measured before and after vermifiltration treatment. Vermifiltration treatment will produce two types of products i.e.: tea water and vermicompost. The result showed that Vermifilter removed the COD, BOD, and TSS of 93%, 95%, and 93% respectively. The organic carbon NH3-N, and total macro nutrients generally decreased after treated by Vermifilter (2.01 to 0.0001% of organic carbon, 718 to 3.75 mg L-1 of NH3-N, 0.2 to 0.02% of total N, 0.19 to 004% P2O5, 0.57 to 0.18% of K2O); however, the pH was not significantly changing (from 8.13 to become 8.05). Vermicompost produced by vermifiltration beds by earthworms consumes sewage solids and excreting them in the vermicast which produces high macronutrients (2.4% of total N, 5.5% of P2O5, and 0.75% of K2O), and organic carbon (15.6%), hence beneficial for soil fertilizer. Vermifilter effectively degrades the organic matter in the dairy effluent. Derivatives produced by the Vermifiltration process, namely tea water and Vermicompost, can be used as substitutes for irrigation materials and organic fertilizers on agricultural land, and act as soil conditioners to improve soil properties.

Received: 3 April 2023 | Revised: 5 June 2023 | Accepted: 15 July 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Gratitude for (One's Own) Life
Authors: Anderson Matthew Lee 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This essay argues that gratitude for one's own life is an intelligible attitude to have. It does so by arguing that reducing pro-attitudes in response to unintentional benefits to “appreciation” is too broad. Instead, such “appreciation” can be understood as gratitude if such benefits satisfy a number of conditions that track or are analogous to why we care about interpersonally bestowed benefits. One's own life satisfies those four conditions, which can make gratitude for it intelligible—when it is perceived as a benefit.
An onto-phylogenetic journey through the life history of flying squids (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae)
Authors:   , Fernández Álvarez Fernando Ángel 
Published: July 2023

Flying squids develop all its life cycle in the water column, as planktonic paralarvae and then as nektonic subadults and adults. In this Ph. D. Thesis, light was shed over several poorly understood aspects of the ontogeny and phylogeny of the Family Ommastrephidae. The mechanism of sperm migration from spermatangia to the female seminal receptacles was studied. Spermatozoa are able to actively migrate between both structures. The morphology of the hatchling of three Mediterranean ommastrephid species was studied based on embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization and a dichotomous key was develop to identify NE Atlantic species. The first feeding diet of paralarvae was assessed through laser-capture microdissection and DNA metabarcoding. The results indicate an ontogenetic shift from detritivorism to active predation. Molecular data indicate that the taxonomic name Ommastrephes bartramii actually hides four biological species. These advances in scientific knowledge have potential applications for a better understanding of the ecology, physiology, biodiversity and fishery science that will foster a deeper understanding of flying squids.
Las potas desarrollan todo su ciclo vital en la columna de agua, como paralarvas planctónicas y luego como subadultos y adultos nectónicos. En esta Tesis Doctoral, se ha arrojado luz sobre algunos aspectos poco estudiados de la ontogenia y la filogenia de Familia Ommastrephidae. Se estudió el mecanismo de migración espermática desde los espermatangios hasta los receptáculos seminales de la hembra. Los espermatozoides son capaces de migrar activamente entre ambas estructuras. Se estudió la morfología de los recién nacidos de tres especies mediterráneas de pota basándose en embriones generados por fecundación in vitro y se desarrolló una clave dicotómica para identificar las especies del Atlántico NE. Se estudió la primera alimentación de las paralarvas mediante una combinación de microdisección láser y DNA metabarcoding: los resultados indican una fase detritívora seguida de un cambio ontogenético hacia la depredación activa. Nuestros datos moleculares muestran que bajo el nombre taxonómico Ommastrephes bartramii en realidad se esconden cuatro especies biológicas. Estos avances en el conocimiento científico tienen aplicaciones potenciales para una mejor comprensión de la ecología, fisiología, biodiversidad y ciencia pesquera de las potas
Prediction of Self-Concept and Anxiety on the Tendency of Postgraduate Students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to Acquire Research Skills in Two Public Universities of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Counseling
Authors: Amalu Melvina , Uwanda Ekpang Pauline , Uchechi Okeke Stella , Ikwen Emmanuel Uminya , Bekomson Achi Ndifon , Opoh Fredrick Awhen , Abang Kingsley Bekom , Eteng Matilda Ernest , Nwafor Patrick Ifeanyi , Ngban Anthony Ntol , Cklaimz Enamhe Dorn , Ogbaji Dominic Ipuole , Effiom John Edwin , Uzodinma Ofoegbu Jude 
Published: July 2023

Background: Acquisition of research skills provide the forum for incorporating Nigerian graduate students with disabilities and university lecturers into the international scientific culture and the developing knowledge economy.
Aim: This study investigated the prediction of self-concept and anxiety on the tendency of postgraduate students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to acquire research skills in two Public Universities of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for counseling. Two objectives of the study were stated to guide the study and to achieve the purpose of the study. Two research questions were formulated, which were converted to two statements of hypotheses. A literature review was carried out based on the variables under study.
Method: The survey research design was considered most suitable for the study. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the 49 respondents sampled for the study. A validated 20 items four-point modified Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument was established by experts in Test and Measurement. The reliability estimates of 0.81 of the instruments were established using the Cronbach Alpha method. A simple Linear regression statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. The hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The results obtained from the data analysis revealed a significant prediction of self-concept and anxiety on the tendency of postgraduate students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to acquire research skills in the study area.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was therefore recommended, among others, that internal seminars and workshops should be organized by Graduate schools every quarter of the year, where each postgraduate student delivers a standard paper, and this should be made compulsory. This will encourage sharing knowledge and increase skills and zeal for using knowledge and more research publications.
How COVID-19 Affected the Tertiary Education System of Bangladesh: The Students' Perspective
Authors: Tasnim Zarin , Ghosh Emu , Islam Md. Sirajul 
Published: July 2023

Aim: The main goal of the study is to comprehend how the new virtual mode of education has affected Bangladeshi students studying at the tertiary level and how they perceive its viability.
Design: This paper is based on a questionnaire survey consisting of 15 questions and the responses of 500 students from four different universities in Dhaka (125 students from every university) were collected.
Place and Duration of the Study: The universities involved were the Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), University of Asia Pacific (UAP), and Stamford University and the duration was from July 21, 2020 to November 23, 2021.
Methodology: The survey was conducted using both online and offline methods. While the campus was under strict lockdown, 167 participants responded via Google Form between July 2020–July 2021. The remaining data were collected using questionnaire forms when the campus reopened (between October 2021–November 2021).
Results: Bangladesh initiated a new virtual mode of study that has had an enormous impact on the learning pattern of students studying at different levels, particularly tertiary learners. According to the study, 25.5% of learners received no backup facility for missed classes. Regarding internet reliability, mobile data users (23.2%) found internet connection to be less reliable compared to wi-fi users (73.1%). Furthermore, the Chi-square analysis showed that internet reliability increased with internet cost, with the all-time stable internet connection being found at a monthly internet cost of 1500 BDT and above, which was not affordable for all students. In addition, respondents reported several negative health impacts due to using digital devices for an extended period of time. In the context of feasibility, only 13% of the respondents in this study believed that online education was feasible for implementation in Bangladesh.
Conclusions: The study pointed out several shortcomings of the adapted online medium of education among tertiary-level Bangladeshi students. Considering them, some recommendations have been provided including the suggestion to develop an integrated education system combining both the online and traditional medium.