bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of learning models to predict LDPE, PET, and ABS concentrations in beach sediment based on spectral reflectance
Authors: Huda Faisal Raiyan , Richard Florina Stephanie , Rahman Ishraq , Moradi Saeid , Hua Clarence Tay Yuen , Wanwen Christabel Anfield Sim , Fong Ting Lik , Mujahid Aazani , Müller Moritz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) contamination on land has been estimated to be 32 times higher than in the oceans, and yet there is a distinct lack of research on soil MPs compared to marine MPs. Beaches are bridges between land and ocean and present equally understudied sites of microplastic pollution. Visible-near-infrared (vis–NIR) has been applied successfully for the measurement of reflectance and prediction of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) concentrations in soil. The rapidity and precision associated with this method make vis–NIR promising. The present study explores PCA regression and machine learning approaches for developing learning models. First, using a spectroradiometer, the spectral reflectance data was measured from treated beach sediment spiked with virgin microplastic pellets [LDPE, PET, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)]. Using the recorded spectral data, predictive models were developed for each microplastic using both the approaches. Both approaches generated models of good accuracy with R2 values greater than 0.7, root mean squared error (RMSE) values less than 3 and mean absolute error (MAE) < 2.2. Therefore, using this study’s method, it is possible to rapidly develop accurate predictive models without the need of comprehensive sample preparation, using the low-cost option ASD HandHeld 2 VNIR Spectroradiometer.
Highly integrated bionic prostheses resolve the thermal asymmetry between residual amputated and contralateral limbs
Authors: Lang Victoria Ashley , Munoz-Novoa Maria , Ortiz-Catalan Max 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResidual limbs after amputation present colder temperatures than unaffected contralateral limbs. This temperature asymmetry has been attributed to autonomic and cognitive factors, such as changes in body representation. An ideal limb replacement should restore the body representation and resolve the temperature asymmetry, but conventional prostheses, commonly characterized as disembodied, fail to do so. Neuromusculoskeletal prostheses are a new concept of artificial limbs that directly interface with the user’s nerves, muscles, and skeleton, and are operated in daily life by bidirectionally transferring control and somatosensory information. Here, we show that the temperature asymmetry commonly found in people with amputations is resolved when using a neuromusculoskeletal prosthesis but reappears when it is removed. A potential explanation for this phenomenon might be the increased embodiment reported by users of neuromusculoskeletal prostheses, which in turn would suggest unconscious perceptual mechanisms mediating the temperature asymmetry commonly found between intact and residual limbs after amputation.
An investigation into epidemiological situations of COVID-19 with fuzzy K-means and K-prototype clustering methods
Authors: Pasin Ozge , Gonenc Senem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ten countries with the highest population during the pandemic were analyzed for clustering based on the quantitative numbers of COVID-19 and policy plans. The Fuzzy K-Means (FKM) and K-prototype algorithms were used for clustering, and various performance indices such as Partition Coefficient (PC), Partition Entropy (PE), Xie-Beni (XB), and Silhouette Fuzzy (SIL.F) were used for evaluating the clusters. The analysis included variables such as confirmed cases, tests, vaccines, school and workplace closures, event cancellations, gathering restrictions, transport closures, stay-at-home restrictions, international movement restrictions, testing policies, facial coverings, and vaccination policy statuses. PC, PE, XB, and SIL.F indices were used to analyze the performance indices of the clusters. The Elbow method was used to analyze the performance evaluations for the K-prototype. The K-prototype algorithm's performance evaluations were analyzed using the Elbow method, and the optimum number of clusters for both methods was found to be two. The first cluster included Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, Bangladesh, US, Indonesia, Russia, and Pakistan, while the second cluster comprised India and China. The analysis also examined the relationship between population and confirmed tests and vaccines, and standardization was made for the country with the largest population for significant correlations. The results showed that the FKM method was superior to the K-prototype method in terms of clustering. In conclusion, it is crucial to accurately evaluate COVID-19 data for countries and develop appropriate policies. The clustering analysis using the FKM and K-prototype algorithms provides valuable insights into identifying groups of countries with similar COVID-19 data and policy plans.
Mapping tropical forest aboveground biomass using airborne SAR tomography
Authors: Ramachandran Naveen , Saatchi Sassan , Tebaldini Stefano , d’Alessandro Mauro Mariotti , Dikshit Onkar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMapping tropical forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is important for quantifying emissions from land use change and evaluating climate mitigation strategies but remains a challenging problem for remote sensing observations. Here, we evaluate the capability of mapping AGB across a dense tropical forest using tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TomoSAR) measurements at P-band frequency that will be available from the European Space Agency’s BIOMASS mission in 2024. To retrieve AGB, we compare three different TomoSAR reconstruction algorithms, back-projection (BP), Capon, and MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC), and validate AGB estimation from models using TomoSAR variables: backscattered power at 30 m height, forest height (FH), backscatter power metric (Q), and their combination. TropiSAR airborne campaign data in French Guiana, inventory plots, and airborne LiDAR measurements are used as reference data to develop models and calculate the AGB estimation uncertainty. We used univariate and multivariate regression models to estimate AGB at 4-ha grid cells, the nominal resolution of the BIOMASS mission. Our results show that the BP-based variables produced better AGB estimates compared to their counterparts, suggesting a more straightforward TomoSAR processing for the mission. The tomographic FH and AGB estimation have an average relative uncertainty of less than 10% with negligible systematic error across the entire biomass range (~ 200–500 Mg ha−1). We show that the backscattered power at 30 m height at HV polarization is the best single measurement to estimate AGB with significantly better accuracy than the LiDAR height metrics, and combining it with FH improved the accuracy of AGB estimation to less than 7% of the mean. Our study implies that using multiple information from P-band TomoSAR data from the BIOMASS mission provides a new capability to map tropical forest biomass and its changes accurately.
Feasibility of photon-counting computed tomography as a novel imaging modality for challenging endodontic diagnostic tasks
Authors: Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Picoli Fernando Fortes , Pinto Jader Camilo , Coudyzer Walter , de Faria Vasconcelos Karla , Farias Gomes Amanda , Binst Joke , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhoton-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an innovative technological advancement in relation to x-ray detectors which offers ultra-high-resolution images. The current study aimed to evaluate the visualization ability of PCCT compared to cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) devices for challenging endodontic diagnostic tasks. A reference image of an anthropomorphic phantom was acquired using an industrial micro-CT device. Thereafter, the phantom was scanned with three imaging devices, which included PCCT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha) and two CBCT devices (3D Accuitomo 170 and NewTom VGi evo) having standard and high-resolution acquisition protocols. The diagnostic tasks involved visualizing fine endodontic structures (apical delta, narrow canal, and isthmus) and root cracks. Three experienced examiners assessed the images and were blinded to the PCCT and CBCT devices. Each image was rated according to a three-grade scale (appropriate, acceptable, or inappropriate) for the diagnostic tasks. In relation to fine endodontic structures grouped together, PCCT showed similar diagnostic performance compared to the reference image (p > 0.05). As for the CBCT devices, an excellent performance was only observed with the 3D Accuitomo 170 device at a high-resolution acquisition mode (p > 0.05). The visualization of root cracks was also better with 3D Accuitomo 170 compared to other devices (p < 0.05). Overall, PCCT and 3D Accuitomo 170 at a high-resolution setting showed similar performance for visualizing fine endodontic structures. In addition, the high-resolution CBCT protocol was superior for visualizing root cracks compared to both PCCT and other standard- and high-resolution CBCT protocols.
Polypropylene microplastics promote metastatic features in human breast cancer
Authors: Park Jun Hyung , Hong Seungwoo , Kim Ok-Hyeon , Kim Chul-Hong , Kim Jinho , Kim Jung-Woong , Hong Sungguan , Lee Hyun Jung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are now a global issue due to increased plastic production and use. Recently, various studies have been performed in response to the human health risk assessment. However, these studies have focused on spherical MPs, which have smooth edges and a spherical shape and account for less than 1% of MPs in nature. Unfortunately, studies on fragment-type MPs are very limited and remain in the initial stages. In this study, we studied the effect that 16.4 µm fragment type polypropylene (PP) MPs, which have an irregular shape and sharp edges and form naturally in the environment, had on breast cancer. The detrimental effects of PPMPs on breast cancer metastasis were examined. Here, 1.6 mg/ml of PPMP, which does not induce cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231, was used, and at this concentration, PPMP did not induce morphological changes or cellular migrating in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. However, PPMP incubation for 24 hours in the MDA-MB-231 cells significantly altered the level of cell cycle-related transcripts in an RNA-seq analysis. When confirmed by qRT-PCR, the gene expression of TMBIM6, AP2M1, and PTP4A2 was increased, while the transcript level of FTH1 was decreased. Further, secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 from cancer cells was elevated with the incubation of PPMP for 12 hours. These results suggest that PPMP enhances metastasis-related gene expression and cytokines in breast cancer cells, exacerbating breast cancer metastasis.
Contrasting area and yield responses to extreme climate contributes to climate-resilient rice production in Asia
Authors: Hosokawa Nanae , Doi Yasuhiro , Kim Wonsik , Iizumi Toshichika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate impacts on crop production components other than yield, i.e., area and cropping intensity, remain under-studied. Here, we clarify climate-crop area relationships by analyzing subnational census area and yield data for six multi-rice cropping countries in South and Southeast Asia. Extreme climate has a greater influence on the departure of area and yield from long-term trends than the average seasonal climate; precipitation and temperature in the sowing period of the wet/rainfed season have a greater influence on variability of the total annual area than in the growing period. In 57% of the country-scenario cases showing significant changes in area and/or yield, the directions of the area and yield responses to climate are not synchronized, deriving non-significant production changes under projected climates. Climate-area relationships not only limit production shocks, but also clarify uncertainties associated with climate mitigation of agricultural land, where area markedly affects the scale of mitigation.
Inter- and intratumoral proteomics and glycosaminoglycan characterization of ALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma tissues: a pilot study
Authors: Balbisi Mirjam , Sugár Simon , Schlosser Gitta , Szeitz Beáta , Fillinger János , Moldvay Judit , Drahos László , Szász A. Marcell , Tóth Gábor , Turiák Lilla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with limited therapeutic options, therefore a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular changes is of utmost importance. In this pilot study, we investigated the proteomic and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) profile of ALK rearranged lung tumor tissue regions based on the morphological classification, mucin and stromal content. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed that both the proteomic and GAG-omic profiles are highly dependent on mucin content and to a lesser extent on morphology. We found that differentially expressed proteins between morphologically different tumor types are primarily involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, whereas those between adjacent normal and different tumor regions take part in several other biological processes (e.g. extracellular matrix organization, oxidation–reduction processes, protein folding) as well. The total amount and the sulfation profile of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate showed small differences based on morphology and larger differences based on mucin content of the tumor, while an increase was observed in both the total amount and the average rate of sulfation in tumors compared to adjacent normal regions.
Dual-band and dual-polarized reflective Fresnel zone plate design based on Fractal shape
Authors: Wei Lusong , Ma Chao , Liu Xingyu , Ma Hongbin , Wu Yuting , Fan Zhanchun , Huangfu Jiangtao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a dual-polarized and dual band reflective Fresnel zone plate with reconfigurable beam is proposed on the basis of fractal frequency selective surface (FSS) unit with nearly 360° phase tunability. Firstly, a new phase distribution calculation strategy based on Fresnel diffraction theory is proposed to improve the performance under certain scenarios like sparse arrays. Then, a novel fractal shape is put forward and applied to the design of the Fresnel zone plate. The introduction of the fractal structure makes the unit cell perform dual band, dual polarization and 309° phase tunability characteristics. Due to the self-symmetry of the unit cell, the proposed fractal Fresnel zone plate (FFZP) is capable of beam steering in ± 45° in both TE and TM incident waves. Besides, the proposed structure shows small performance degradation when it comes to oblique incidence up to 45°, which decreases the focal diameter ratio and profile of the proposed FFZP. The operating bandwidth of the FFZP can reach up to 700 MHz at X and Ku bands. It is applicable in a wide range of RF and microwave settings such as satellite and base station.
Detection of humoral and cellular immune response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in breastfeeding women and naïve and previously infected individuals
Authors: Cavic Milena , Nesic Andrijana , Mirjacic Martinovic Katarina , Vuletic Ana , Besu Zizak Irina , Tisma Miletic Nevena , Krivokuca Ana , Jankovic Radmila , Gavrovic-Jankulovic Marija 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explored humoral and cellular responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in breastfeeding women and naïve and seropositive individuals in the first six months after vaccination.Sixty-one volunteers vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were enrolled in the study. In-house developed ELISA was used for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific antibodies. Cell surface marker expression and intracellular IFN-γ analysis were carried out by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF were determined by ELISA. A significant rise in anti-RBD IgG antibody levels was observed 14 days after the first vaccine dose (p < 0.0001) in serum and milk. The expression of CD28 on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher compared to baseline (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in B cell lymphocyte subset after revaccination, and increased percentage of CD80+ B cells. The expression of IFN-γ in peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells and serum was significantly increased (p < 0.05). No significant difference in immune response was observed between breastfeeding women and other study participants. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced measurable and durable immune response in breastfeeding women and in naïve and previously infected individuals.
The dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrugs, PR-104A and SN27686, for use in a novel MNDEPT cancer prodrug therapy approach
Authors: Ball Patrick , Thompson Emma , Anderson Simon , Gwenin Vanessa , Ashoorzadeh Amir , Smaill Jeff , Gwenin Chris 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a highly promising anti-cancer strategy. However, the current technology is limited by inefficient prodrug activation and the dose-limiting toxicity associated with the prodrugs being tested; to overcome these limitations, the dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrugs, PR-104A and SN27686, have been developed. The present study will assess both of these prodrugs for their potential uses in a novel magnetic-nanoparticle directed enzyme prodrug therapy strategy by determining their kinetic parameters, assessing the products formed during enzymatic reduction using HPLC and finally their ability to cause cell death in the ovarian cancer cell line, SK-OV-3. It was shown for the first time that the dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrugs are able to be reduced by the genetically modified nitroreductases, NfnB-cys and YfkO-cys, and that these enzyme/prodrug combinations can induce a significant cell death in the SK-OV-3 cell line, highlighting the potential for both enzyme/prodrug combinations for use in magnetic-nanoparticle directed enzyme prodrug therapy.
N-glycan breakdown by bacterial CAZymes
Authors: Crouch Lucy I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The modification of proteins by N-glycans is ubiquitous to most organisms and they have multiple biological functions, including protecting the adjoining protein from degradation and facilitating communication or adhesion between cells, for example. Microbes have evolved CAZymes to deconstruct different types of N-glycans and some of these have been characterised from microbes originating from different niches, both commensals and pathogens. The specificity of these CAZymes provides clues as to how different microbes breakdown these substrates and possibly cross-feed them. Discovery of CAZymes highly specific for N-glycans also provides new tools and options for modifying glycoproteins.
Near-IR and optical radial velocities of the active M dwarf star Gl 388 (AD Leo) with SPIRou at CFHT and SOPHIE at OHP
Authors: Carmona A. , Delfosse X. , Bellotti S. , Cortés-Zuleta P. , Ould-Elhkim M. , Heidari N. , Mignon L. , Donati J. F. , Moutou C. , Cook N. , Artigau E. , Fouqué P. , Martioli E. , Cadieux C. , Morin J. , Forveille T. , Boisse I. , Hébrard G. , Díaz R. F. , Lafrenière D. , Kiefer F. , Petit P. , Doyon R. , Acuña L. , Arnold L. , Bonfils X. , Bouchy F. , Bourrier V. , Dalal S. , Deleuil M. , Demangeon O. , Dumusque X. , Hara N. , Hoyer S. , Mousis O. , Santerne A. , Ségrasan D. , Stalport M. , Udry S. 
Published: April 2023

Context. The search for extrasolar planets around the nearest M dwarfs is a crucial step toward identifying the nearest Earth-like planets. One of the main challenges in this search is that M dwarfs can be magnetically active and stellar activity can produce radial velocity (RV) signals that could mimic those of a planet.
Aims. We aim to investigate whether the 2.2-day period observed in optical RVs of the nearby active M dwarf star Gl 388 (AD Leo) is due to stellar activity or to a planet that corotates with the star as suggested in the past.
Methods. We obtained quasi-simultaneous RVs of Gl 388 from 2019 to 2021 with SOPHIE, the optical échelle spectrograph (R ~75k) at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France, and RV and Stokes V measurements with SPIRou, the near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (R ~70k).
Results. The SOPHIE RV time series (precision of 3–5 m s−1 per visit) displays a periodic signal with a 2.23 ± 0.01 day period and 23.6 ± 0.5 m s−1 amplitude, which is consistent with previous HARPS observations obtained in 2005–2006. The SPIRou RV time series (precision of 2 ms−1 per visit) is flat at 5 ms−1 rms and displays no periodic signals. RV signals of amplitude higher than 5.3 m s−1 at a period of 2.23 days can be excluded with a confidence level higher than 99%. Using the modulation of the longitudinal magnetic field (Bℓ) measured with SPIRou as a proxy of stellar rotation, we measure a rotation period of 2.2305 ± 0.0016 days.
Conclusions. SPIRou RV measurements provide solid evidence that the periodic variability of the optical RVs of Gl 388 is due to stellar activity rather than to a corotating planet. The magnetic activity nature of the optical RV signal is further confirmed by the modulation of Bℓ with the same period. The SPIRou campaign on Gl 388 demonstrates the power of near-infrared RV to confirm or infirm planet candidates discovered in the optical around active stars. Our SPIRou observations additionally reiterate how effective spectropolarimetry is at determining the stellar rotation period from the variations of Bℓ.
Nächtliche sympathische Aktivität und subjektive
Symptome nach sport-assoziierter Concussion: eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Delling Anne Carina , Jakobsmeyer Rasmus , Christiansen Nele , Coenen Jessica , Reinsberger Claus 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine sport-assoziierte Concussion (saC) ist eine oftmals
unterschätzte Hirnverletzung, die vor allem in Kontakt- und
Kollisionssportarten häufig vorkommt. SaCs können zu einer
Vielzahl an klinischen Symptomen führen. Akute und zum Teil die
klinische Regeneration überdauernde parasympathische Inhibierung im
Autonomen Nervensystem (ANS) wurde nach saC bereits häufig beschrieben.
Über Veränderungen im sympathischen Nervensystem ist jedoch noch
wenig bekannt. Diese wurden durch Messungen der elektrodermalen
Aktivität (EDA) im Schlaf, der erheblich zur Regeneration nach saC
beiträgt, sowie im Zusammenhang mit subjektiven Symptomen nach saC im
Rahmen einer Pilotstudie untersucht.
Methode 18 Sportler und Sportlerinnen mit diagnostizierter saC und 18 nach
Alter, Geschlecht, Größe, Gewicht, Sportart und Leistungsklasse
gematchte Kontrollathleten und -athletinnen trugen in den Nächten
während der individuellen Return-to-Sport (RTS) Phase sowie drei Wochen
nach Abschluss des RTS (postRTS) einen Handgelenkssensor (E4 Empatica Inc.,
Mailand, Italien). Anteile nächtlicher tonischer (meanEDA) und
phasischer (EDRs, Schlafstürme) EDA wurden zwecks Gruppenvergleich
ermittelt und mit saC-Symptomen (SCAT5) sowie dem subjektiven Erholungszustand
nach Schlaf mittels Mann-Whitney U-Tests oder ungepaarten t-Tests
verglichen.
Ergebnisse Während und nach dem RTS konnten keine
Gruppenunterschiede in den nächtlichen EDA-Parametern nachgewiesen
werden. Eine höhere meanEDA während des RTS korrelierte mit
einer höheren Anzahl an Symptomen (p=0,025, r=0,525) und
eine erhöhte phasische EDA mit einem geringeren Anstieg des subjektiven
Erholungszustands von vor zu nach Schlaf (EDRs: p=0,007,
r=−0,642; EDRs/min: p>0,001,
r=−0,762; Schlafstürme: p=0,011,
r=−0,616).
Fazit Die nächtliche EDA nach saC unterschied sich während
und nach dem RTS nicht signifikant zu gematchten Kontrollsportlern und
-sportlerinnen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen höherer EDA während
des RTS und der Anzahl an saC-Symptomen sowie der geringeren subjektiven
Erholung nach Schlaf könnte sowohl ursächlich für als
auch Effekt der subjektiven Symptome sein und sollte durch Baseline-Messungen
und in Kombination mit parasympathischen Markern künftig weiter
untersucht werden.