bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin, Breathable, Permeable, and Skin‐Adhesive Charge Storage Electronic Tattoos Based on Biopolymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Joshi Shalik Ram , Pratap Ajay , Gogurla Narendar , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUltrathin, breathable, and skin‐compatible epidermal electronics are attractive for wearable and implantable healthcare and biomedical applications. However, materializing and integrating all electronic components on ultrathin platforms is still challenging. Here, a charge‐storing electronic tattoo (E‐tattoo) device with ultrathin, breathable, and skin‐compatible properties is reported. Silk protein nanofibers (SNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form the top and bottom electrodes that sandwich the intermediate dielectric layer fabricated using poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers. The E‐tattoo capacitors on the deformed skin, show excellent mechanical and electrical stability, and 60 µm‐thick capacitors exhibit frequency‐dependent capacitances (up to 350 pF at 5 kHz) and capability for memory operation. Mechanical bending induces capacitance change, which increases as the bending radius is decreased, indicating mechanical sensing capability of the E‐tattoo. SNF/CNT‐based triboelectric nanogenerator E‐tattoos can be connected to the capacitor E‐tattoo, and the charges generated by multiple bare‐finger touches can be stored in the capacitor (0.23 V for 200 touches). Due to the micro/nanopores in the NF networks, the device exhibits a water vapor transmission rate of 115.04 g m−2 d−1, which is better than that of a commercial band‐aid, as well as ethanol sensing capability. Developed E‐tattoo capacitor can be used for constructing multicomponent integrated ultrathin and epidermal electronics.
“Not just a checkbox”: A qualitative study of the resident scholarly experience
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Berger Max , Curato Mark , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Hopson Laura R. , Clarke Samuel O. , Chipman Anne K. , Janicki Adam , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesScholarship is a requirement of residency training; however, the scholarly productivity of trainees is highly variable. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of residents who have been highly productive in scholarship.MethodsWe performed a qualitative study using a constructivist–interpretivist paradigm and conducted semistructured interviews at seven Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited emergency medicine residency programs in the United States. We included sites of diverse locations and training formats (PGY‐1 to ‐4 vs. PGY‐1 to ‐3). Program leadership identified residents with high levels of scholarly productivity at their institutions. We used purposive sampling to seek out residents with diversity in gender and PGY level. Two researchers independently performed a thematic analysis of interview transcripts. Discrepancies were resolved through in‐depth discussion and negotiated consensus.ResultsWe invited 14 residents and all consented to be interviewed. Residents felt scholarship enhanced their knowledge and skills, grew collaborative networks, and provided personal fulfillment and external rewards. Scholarship positively impacted their careers by focusing their professional interests and informing career decisions. Participants identified individual and institutional facilitators of success including personal prior knowledge and skills, project management skills, mindset, protected time, mentorship, and leadership support. Challenges to conducting scholarship included lack of time, expertise, and resources. Participants acknowledged that participating in scholarly activities was hard work and recommended that residents seek out quality mentorship, work on projects that they are passionate, start early, and be persistent in their efforts. Participants' advice to faculty supporting resident scholarship included recommendations to allow resident autonomy of projects, provide scholarly opportunities, and be responsive to trainee needs.ConclusionsParticipants in this study highlighted benefits of participating in scholarly activity as well as challenges and strategies for success. These results can inform residencies seeking to enhance the scholarly experience of trainees.
See one, see one, teach one – Decisions on allocating intubation opportunities in pediatric emergency medicine
Authors: Miller Kelsey A. , Dechnik Andzelika , Miller Andrew F. , D'Ambrosi Gabrielle , Monuteaux Michael C. , Thomas Phillip M. , Kerrey Benjamin T. , Neubrand Tara Lynn , Goldman Michael Paul , Prieto Monica M. , Wing Robyn , Breuer Ryan K. , D'Mello Jenn , Jakubowicz Andy , Nishisaki Akira , Nagler Joshua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDecisions about who should perform tracheal intubation in academic settings must balance the needs of trainees to develop competency in pediatric intubation with patient safety. Airway protocols during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have reduced opportunities for trainees, representing an opportunity to examine the impact of shifting laryngoscopy responsibilities away from trainees.MethodsThis observational study combined data from 11 pediatric emergency departments in North America participating in either the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) or a national pediatric emergency medicine airway education collaborative. Sites provided information on airway protocols, patient and procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes. For the pre‐pandemic (January 2017 to March 2020) and pandemic (March 2020 to March 2021) periods, we compared tracheal intubation opportunities by laryngoscopist level of training and specialty. We also compared first‐attempt success and adverse airway outcomes between the two periods.ResultsThere were 1129 intubations performed pre‐pandemic and 283 during the pandemic. Ten of 11 sites reported a COVID‐19 airway protocol—8 specified which clinician performs tracheal intubation and 10 advocated for videolaryngoscopy. Both pediatric residents and pediatric emergency medicine fellows performed proportionally fewer tracheal intubation attempts during the pandemic: 1.1% of all first attempts versus 6.4% pre‐pandemic for residents (p < 0.01) and 38.4% versus 47.2% pre‐pandemic for fellows (p = 0.01). Pediatric emergency medicine fellows had greater decrease in monthly intubation opportunities for patients <1 year (incidence rate ratio = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.57) than for older patients (incidence rate ratio = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99). Neither the rate of first‐attempt success nor adverse airway outcomes differed between pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to pediatric institutional changes in airway management protocols and resulted in decreased intubation opportunities for pediatric residents and pediatric emergency medicine fellows, without apparent change in clinical outcomes.
A dual‐functional BODIPY‐based molecular rotor probe reveals different viscosity of protein aggregates in live cells
Authors: Shen Baoxing , Jung Kwan Ho , Ye Songtao , Hoelzel Conner A. , Wolstenholme Charles H. , Huang He , Liu Yu , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAberrant protein aggregation leads to various human diseases, but little is known about the physical chemical properties of these aggregated proteins in cells. Herein, we developed a boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based HaloTag probe, whose conjugation to HaloTag‐fused proteins allows us to study protein aggregates using both fluorescence intensity and lifetime. Modulation of BODIPY fluorophore reveals key structural features to attain the dual function. The optimized probe exhibits increased fluorescence intensity and elongated fluorescence lifetime in protein aggregates. Fluorescence lifetime imaging using this probe indicates that protein aggregates afford different viscosity in the forms of soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates in live cells. The strategy presented in this work can be extended to enable a wide class of HaloTag probes that can be used to study a variety of physical properties of protein aggregates, thus helping unravel the pathogenic mechanism and develop therapeutic strategy.
Multifunctional all‐polymer photovoltaic blend with simultaneously improved efficiency (18.04%), stability and mechanical durability
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhou Kangkang , Ma Ruijie , Zhang Libin , Huang Ciyuan , Luo Zhenghui , Zhu Hongxiang , Yao Shangfei , Yang Chuluo , Zou Bingsuo , Ye Long 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the most appealing material systems for solar energy conversion is all‐polymer blend. Presently, the three key merits (power conversion efficiency, operation stability and mechanical robustness) exhibited a trade‐off in a particular all‐polymer blend system, which greatly limit its commercial application. Diverting the classic ternary tactic of organic solar cells based on polymer, nonfullerene small molecule and fullerene, herein we demonstrate that the three merits of a benchmark all‐polymer blend PM6:PY‐IT can be simultaneously maximized via the introduction of a polymerized fullerene derivative PPCBMB. Importantly, the addition of the guest component promoted the power conversion efficiency of PM6:PY‐IT blend from 16.59% to 18.04%. Meanwhile, the device stability and film ductility are also improved due to the addition of this polymerized fullerene material. Morphology and device physics analyses reveal that optimal ternary system contains well‐maintained molecular packing and crystallinity, being beneficial to keeping favorable charge transport and the reduced domain size contributed to charge generation and ductility improvement. Furthermore, the ternary photovoltaic blend was successfully used as photocatalysts, and an excellent heavy metal removal from water was demonstrated. This study showcases the multi‐functions of all‐polymer blends via the use of polymerized fullerenes.
Methodological gaps in clinical dementia research
Authors: Boccardi Marina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based decisions allow to compile clinical guidelines, or to approve or refund new treatments or diagnostic procedures. Different evidence‐to‐decision (EtD) procedures exist to define recommendations based on evidence. However, often data are not eligible to such EtDs due to faults in the methodology that generated them. This is a relevant and upstream problem hurdling the transfer of knowledge. Aim of this work is to outline these methodological problems to help overcoming such concrete hurdle to knowledge transfer.MethodA range of methodological issues hampering eligibility of data to EtD was searched across different evidence assessment initiatives, based on the methodological requirements defined by the main steps of formal methodologies for the validation of diagnostic biomarkers, namely analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility.ResultMethodological gaps involve all these main development phases. The main issues at the analytical validity phase consist in limited use of standard operating procedures. This causes exceedingly large variability of data that cannot be amended post hoc. Such variability thus propagates to all downstream validation studies and final data cannot support any decision, not in favor nor against clinical recommendations. At the phase of clinical utility, many studies do not use either proper gold‐ or reference‐standards, or study designs able to address the target question. At the clinical utility phase, implementation methods are still not systematically imported and adapted to the dementia field, and the assessed outcomes are mainly defined by researchers, with limited participation of other relevant stakeholders (e.g., regulators; patients or caregivers).ConclusionWith such gaps along the translational continuum, published data cannot support evidence‐based decision‐making. To improve implementation, attention should not only target the latest adoption steps, but many more upstream steps that eventually prevent the formal approval and refund of new diagnostic procedures or of other innovation.
Network‐level permutation entropy of resting‐state MEG recordings: a novel biomarker for early‐stage Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Scheijbeler Elliz P. , van Nifterick Anne M , Stam Cornelis J , Arjan Hillebrand , Gouw Alida A , de Haan Willem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that measures of signal variability and complexity could present promising biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Earlier studies have however been limited to the characterization of local activity. Here, we investigate whether a network version of permutation entropy could serve as a novel biomarker for early‐stage AD.MethodResting‐state source‐space magnetoencephalography was recorded in 18 subjects with subjective cognitive decline (‘SCD’) and 18 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (‘MCI’). Local activity was characterized by permutation entropy (PE). Network level interactions were studied using the inverted Joint Permutation Entropy (JPEinv), corrected for volume conduction. Entropy of the overall network across different temporal scales was quantified using a global permutation entropy measure.ResultThe JPEinv showed a reduction of nonlinear connectivity in MCI subjects in the theta and alpha band. Local PE showed increased theta‐band entropy. Between‐group differences were widespread across brain regions. ROC analysis of classification of MCI versus SCD subjects revealed that a linear regression model trained on JPEinv features (78.4% [62.5‐93.3%]) slightly outperformed PE (76.9% [60.3‐93.4%]) and relative theta power based models (76.9% [60.4‐93.3%]). The global entropy measure is currently being optimized. Results will be available at a later stage.ConclusionClassification performance of theta JPEinv was at least as good as the relative theta power benchmark. The JPEinv is therefore a potential biomarker for early‐stage AD and should be explored in larger studies.
Harmonization of neuropathology measures and characterization of neuropathological burden across population‐based autopsy samples
Authors: Nichols Emma , Merrick Richard , Wharton Stephen , Matthews Fiona E , Brayne Carol , Vos Theo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost autopsy samples are based on clinical cohorts or case series; the distribution of neuropathologies may be biased in these samples compared to the general population. A small number of population‐based neuropathology cohorts address these concerns but are often limited by small sample sizes and restrictions to specific geographic locations or groups. Harmonization would allow comparisons across settings and increases in precision of estimates.MethodWe leveraged data from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (N=1882), the Adult Changes in Thought study (N=721), the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (N=444), and the Cambridge City over‐75s Cohort Study (N=241). First, we identified measures in common across cohorts or a subset of cohorts and documented protocol differences. We characterized distributions of pathologies by age group (80‐89 vs. 90+) and quantified correlations between pathologies using polychoric correlations. We described overlap between pathologies for five key measures (CERAD neuritic plaques, Braak stage, macro‐ and micro‐infarcts, and Lewy body disease).ResultWe harmonized measures of 10 pathologies available in at least 3/4 studies (7 across all studies). Distributions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies (CERAD neuritic plaques, Braak stage) varied less across cohorts (Range [Severe CERAD]=33%); Range [Braak stage V‐VI]=22%) than distributions of vascular disease pathology such as atherosclerosis (Range [Moderate‐Severe Atherosclerosis]=51%). After meta‐analyzing correlations across studies, we found strong correlations between AD pathological features (r=0.70,p<0.001: Braak stage and CERAD neuritic plaque score) and moderate correlations between vascular features (e.g. r=0.34,p<0.001: macro‐ and micro‐infarcts). There was also evidence of small correlations between AD features and other neuropathology measures (r=0.21,p<0.001: CERAD neuritic plaque score and hippocampal sclerosis). Pooling data across cohorts, out of five key measures, 69% of the sample had two or more co‐occuring pathologies (2=39%, 3=23%, 4=6%, 5=1%).ConclusionHarmonization and data pooling was feasible across a range of measures; however, we found that measures of AD pathology appear more standardized. Higher variability in vascular measures may partly reflect a lack of standardized criteria for quantification. Strong correlations and frequent co‐occurrence between measures highlights the complexity and multi‐morbidity of the brain pathologies thought to underlie dementia in older adults.
Associations of ischemic heart disease with dementia and cognitive decline in older adults: Results from a 12‐year population‐based cohort study
Authors: Imahori Yume , Wu Jing , Ljungman Petter , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Laukka Erika J , Grande Giulia , Fratiglioni Laura , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and a potential risk factor for dementia. However, the association of IHD with dementia and cognitive decline in old age has not been extensively addressed in population‐based cohorts. Furthermore, the extent to which the potential association of IHD with cognitive decline might be attributable to common complications of IHD, such as heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the longitudinal association of IHD with dementia and cognitive decline, and to clarify the role of HF and AF.MethodWe analysed data from 2615 dementia‐free participants in the population‐based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (age ≥ 60years, female 62%). Participants were regularly followed from 2001‐2004 (baseline) through 2013‐2016. IHD, HF, and AF cases until baseline were identified through patient registers, physical and instrumental examinations, and interviews by physicians. Dementia was diagnosed according to the DSM‐IV criteria. Global cognitive function was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery.The associations of IHD with incident dementia and cognitive decline were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models and linear mixed‐effects models, respectively. The models were controlled for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, vascular risk factors, and concomitant cardiovasulcar diseases (AF, HF, and stroke). Furthermore, we performed the stratified analysis by the presence of AF or HF.ResultDuring the 12‐year follow‐up period, 400 participants (15%) developed dementia. The multi‐adusted hazard ratio (HR) of dementia associated with prevalent IHD was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.75) compared to those without IHD. This association remained significant in IHD without prevalent AF or HF at baseline. Similarly, prevalent IHD was associated with an average annual change in global cognitive z‐score of ‐0.02 (95% CI: ‐0.03, ‐0.01). The associations remained significant after excluding individuals with AF and HF. There was no statistical interaction of IHD with age, sex, or APOE genotype on risk of dementia and cognitive decline.ConclusionIHD is a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline in the general older population independent of HF and AF.
Associations between semantic memory for proper names in story recall and CSF amyloid and tau in a cognitively unimpaired sample
Authors: Hale Madeline R , Koscik Rebecca Langhough , Du Lianlian , Hermann Bruce P , Van Hulle Carol A. , Suridjan Ivonne , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Basche Kristin E , Bruno Davide , Sanson‐Miles Leah , Jonaitis Erin M. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Betthauser Tobey J , Johnson Sterling C. , Mueller Kimberly D 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDifficulty recalling proper names (PNs; e.g., names of people/places) is a common complaint of individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We recently reported that cognitively unimpaired (CU), positron emission tomography amyloid‐beta (Aβ) positive (A+) individuals recalled fewer PNs than Aβ negative individuals on the Logical Memory (LM) delayed story recall test. Declines in delayed LM total scores (LMtot) have been associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A+ and tau (T); the relationship between PNs and AD‐CSF biomarkers is unknown. We investigated whether delayed recall of PNs at baseline, or most recent visit, were associated with biomarker positivity for two AD‐CSF biomarkers, and whether PNs were more strongly associated than traditionally used LMtot scores.MethodCU participants with no other neurological diagnoses and CSF data available were included from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (N = 219; mean baseline age [standard deviation] = 58.12 [6.31]). Item‐level LM data were used to create PNs (0–9) and LMtot (0–50) scores. A and T statuses (+/‐) were determined using published cutoffs for CSF Aβ42/40 and phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181). Logistic regression models investigated whether LMtot or PNs were associated with most recent biomarker status, covarying CSF age, sex, Wide Range Achievement Test‐3 score, and apolipoprotein E4 status. Model fits were compared using Akaike information criterion (AIC). For descriptive purposes, effect sizes between adjusted means of PNs and LMtot were calculated for biomarker‐positive vs. negative groups.ResultOverall, 31 individuals (14%) were Aβ42/40+ and 29 (13.0%) were pTau181+ (Table 1). Baseline PNs nor LMtot were not significantly associated with AD‐CSF biomarkers (Table 2). Most recent PNs and LMtot were associated with AD‐CSF (Table 3). AICs indicated similar fits between PNs and LMtot at each timepoint, and better fits with most recent vs. baseline LM scores. Effect sizes were higher for most recent LM metrics compared to baseline and were slightly higher for PNs than LMTot for Aβ (Figure 1).ConclusionMetrics from story recall tasks are associated with increased risk of CSF‐AD biomarker positivity and suggest that PNs from story recall may be sensitive to early AD biomarker changes. Validation by replication in additional cohorts is required.