bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between baseline and changed serum uric acid and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study
Authors: Wang Congzhi , Wang Jiazhi , Wan Rui , Yuan Ting , Yang Liu , Zhang Dongmei , Li Xiaoping , Wang Min , Liu Haiyang , Lei Yunxiao , Wei Huanhuan , Li Jing , Liu Mingming , Hua Ying , Sun Lu , Zhang Lin 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between baseline serum uric acid (SUA) and SUA changes with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and older individuals.MethodBinary logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the effects of baseline and changes in SUA on the incidence of T2DM. Stratified analysis was conducted based on sex, and the SUA levels were classified into four quartiles to assess the effect of baseline and relative changes in SUA on the incidence of T2DM. Furthermore, interaction analysis was performed between body mass index (BMI) and SUA, age and SUA, and sex and SUA.ResultsIn the cohort study, the highest quartiles of SUA were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of T2DM among females in model 1 [OR = 2.231 (1.631, 3.050)], model 2 [OR = 2.090 (1.523, 2.867)], model 3 [OR = 2.075 (1.511, 2.849)], and model 4 [OR = 1.707 (1.234, 2.362)]. The highest quartiles of SUA had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of T2DM among all participants in model 1 [OR = 1.601 (1.277, 2.008)], model 2 [OR = 1.519 (1.204, 1.915)], model 3 [OR = 1.597 (1.257, 2.027)], and model 4 [OR = 1.380 (1.083, 1.760)]. Regarding the relative change of SUA, the highest quantiles of SUA were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of T2DM among females in model 1 [OR = 1.409 (1.050, 1.890)], model 2 [OR = 1.433 (1.067, 1.926)], and model 3 [OR = 1.420 (1.056, 1.910)], and there was a statistically significant correlation with incident T2DM among all participants in model 4 [OR = 1.346 (1.079, 1.680)] after adjusting for all covariates. However, there was no significant correlation between baseline, relative, and absolute changes in SUA and the incidence of T2DM among males. The interaction analysis demonstrated that sex, BMI, and the relative changes in SUA had a combined effect on the incidence of T2DM, while age and the changes in SUA had a joint effect on the incidence of T2DM only in females.ConclusionThere was a positive association between SUA and the incidence of T2DM for all participants. However, significant sex differences in incidence were observed only in women, not men.
Impact of ambient temperature on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a birth cohort study in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Lin Jinfeng , Yang Yan , Nuermaimaiti Ayinasaer , Ye Tingting , Liu Jingwen , Zhang Zitong , Chen Yifeng , Li Qingyu , Wu Chuancheng , Liu Baoying , Xu Rongxian , Xia Yong , Xiang Jianjun 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified a series of specific adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) linked with temperature extremes. Most of them focus on preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Other possible adverse outcomes were under-researched. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on maternal complications, white blood cell count (WBC), newborn hearing, and neonatal jaundice.MethodsA total of 418 participants were recruited from Fuzhou Maternity &amp; Child Healthcare Hospital in 2016. Participants were invited to fill out a structured questionnaire. The gridded near-surface air temperatures at a resolution of 0.1°* 0.1° for Fuzhou were extracted from a published dataset. Meteorological data and PM2.5 were extracted based on participants’ residential addresses using R packages “ncdf4” and “raster.” Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify the effects of ambient temperature on APOs after controlling for confounders.ResultsOverall, there were 107 APOs, accounting for 25.6% of all participants. Every 1°C increase in mean temperature was associated with a 10.0% increase in APOs (aOR = 1.100, 95%CI 1.006–1.203) during the period of early pregnancy. However, negative associations were observed in the middle pregnancy period, and a 1°C increase in mean temperature was associated 8.8% decrease in APOs (aOR = 0.912, 95%CI 0.846–0.982). Diurnal temperature variation had a significant impact on APOs in the third trimester. Infant jaundice was negatively associated with temperature exposure in the middle and late pregnancy periods. The risk of neonatal jaundice increased at lag weeks 2–9 in the first trimester, with the greatest lagged effect (aOR = 1.201, 95%CI 1.020–1.413) observed at lag week 3. A 1°C increase in mean temperature led to a 29.6% (aOR = 1.296, 95%CI 1.019–1.649) increase in high WBC. A 1°C increase in temperature variation was associated with more than two times (aOR = 2.469, 95%CI 1.001–6.089) increase of high WBC in the first trimester and about five times (aOR = 4.724, 95%CI 1.548–14.409) increase in the third trimester.ConclusionAmbient temperature affects neonatal jaundice, newborn hearing loss, and infections during pregnancy. In addition to the identified epidemiologic link and susceptible exposure windows, there is a need to understand the underlying biological mechanisms for better recommendations for climate change adaptation policies.
A glimpse of academic staff health behavior on diet type and physical activity at Austrian universities: first findings from the “Sustainably Healthy – From Science 2 Highschool & University” study
Authors: Wirnitzer Katharina C. , Motevalli Mohamad , Tanous Derrick R. , Wirnitzer Gerold , Wagner Karl-Heinz , Schätzer Manuel , Drenowatz Clemens , Cocca Armando , Ruedl Gerhard , Kirschner Werner 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe association between lifestyle and health status highlights the importance of assessing health-related behavior in different populations. This multidisciplinary study aimed to examine the health behavior of academic staff of Austrian colleges and universities, with a specific focus on diet types (vegan, vegetarian, omnivorous) and physical activity (PA) reports.MethodsFollowing a cross-sectional study design incorporating an online survey, a sample of 1,041 academics from 52 institutes (mean age: 46.4 years) provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, PA behavior, and other lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, etc.).ResultsThe prevalence of vegetarian and vegan diets was 13.2 and 2.0%, respectively, and 33.2% of participants had excess body weight (BMI ≥ 25). The majority of participants (88.5%) reported regularly engaging in leisure-time PA, but 18.6% were active members of sports clubs. No difference between females and males was observed in diet type and the type of sport participation (p &gt; 0.05). Participants with a mixed diet had a higher BMI than vegetarians and vegans (p &lt; 0.05). Leisure-time PA participation was associated with more frequent fruit and vegetable intake (p &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake was 13.1 and 73.5%, respectively, without any difference between dietary or sports participation subgroups (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe present study provides an overview of the social trends in vegan and vegetarian diets linked to health behaviors in tertiary educational settings. Findings can be used by health scientists, decision-makers, and multipliers in health and education to improve public health.
Simulation as a key training method for inculcating public health leadership skills: a mixed methods study
Authors: Dopelt Keren , Shevach Itamar , Vardimon Ofek Eliad , Czabanowska Katarzyna , De Nooijer Jascha , Otok Robert , Leighton Lore , Bashkin Osnat , Duplaga Mariusz , Levine Hagai , MacLeod Fiona , Malowany Maureen , Okenwa-Emegwa Leah , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Davidovitch Nadav , Barach Paul 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSuccessful management of public health challenges requires developing and nurturing leadership competencies. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of training simulations to assess public health leadership and decision-making competencies during emergencies as an effective learning and training method.MethodsWe examined the effects of two simulation scenarios on public health school students in terms of their experience (compared to face-to-face learning) and new skills acquired for dealing with similar emergent situations in the future. A mixed-methods design included developing a validated and pre-tested questionnaire with open-and closed-ended questions that examined the simulation impact and the degree of student satisfaction with the conditions in which it was conducted. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the students after going through the simulations. The questionnaire results were evaluated using descriptive analytics. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analyses. All data were collected during June 2022.ResultsThe questionnaire results indicate that students strengthened their interpersonal communication skills and learned about the importance of listening to the opinions of others before formulating their positions. Four themes emerged from 16 in-depth interviews, according to Kolb’s experimental learning cycle. Students emphasized the effectiveness of experiential learning versus traditional classroom learning. The simulation scenarios were felt to realistically convey critical issues regarding leadership, decision-making, and teamwork challenges. They effectively conveyed the importance of building a culture of conducting substantive and respectful discussions.ConclusionSimulation is a powerful pedagogical training tool for public health leadership competencies. Simulations were seen to be advantageous over face-to-face learning in imparting a range of leadership skills and hands-on practice. We recommend integrating simulations in all public health leadership training programs.
Pertussis immunization during pregnancy: results of a cross-sectional study among Italian healthcare workers
Authors: Licata Francesca , Romeo Marika , Di Gennaro Gianfranco , Citrino Emma Antonia , Bianco Aida 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess whether Italian healthcare workers (HCWs) recommend the reduced antigen content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccination (Tdap) to pregnant people, as well as what variables could predict their decision to advise and recommend immunization to pregnant people.MethodsThis cross-sectional study took place between August 2021 and June 2022 in a sample of obstetricians-gynecologists, midwives, and primary-care physicians in two regions of Southern Italy. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather the data.ResultsThe results showed 91.3% (379) of participants knew that receiving the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy protects against pertussis in both the expectant person and the newborn before active immunization. Only 68.9% (286) knew that the Tdap vaccination has to be administered during the third trimester of gestation. A small but still significant proportion of participants (14.7%) (61) believed that the potential risks of vaccines administered during pregnancy outweighed the benefits. An improvable proportion of HCWs regularly provided information [71.8% (298)] and recommended [81% (336)] Tdap vaccination to pregnant people. The strongest factors that drove HCWs to inform pregnant people about the Tdap vaccination were to be aware that vaccinating those in close contact with newborns is an effective strategy to prevent pertussis (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.11–5.13) and that the Tdap vaccine is provided only in the third trimester of pregnancy (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.06–2.86). Informing pregnant people about the possibility of receiving the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy (OR: 60.13; 95% CI: 23.50–153.8) was the strongest predictor of having recommended the Tdap vaccination during pregnancy.ConclusionEducational and informative interventions to improve HCWs’ knowledge about the importance of the Tdap vaccine and their communication skills to properly counsel pregnant people are needed. Beyond vaccine recommendations, how well immunization strategies are implemented in real-world situations impacts vaccination uptake. Therefore, during regular care visits, expecting people must have easy access to vaccines. Prenatal immunizations should become common practice, and there should be no conceptual doubt about vaccinations among HCWs to safeguard pregnant people and their unborn children from vaccine-preventable diseases.
Integrating PrEP in maternal and child health clinics in Kenya: analysis of a service availability and readiness assessment (SARA) survey
Authors: Hicks Sarah , Abuna Felix , Odhiambo Ben , Dettinger Julia C. , Sila Joseph , Oketch George , Sifuna Enock , Ngumbau Nancy , Gómez Laurén , John-Stewart Grace C. , Kinuthia John , Wagner Anjuli D. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundRisk of HIV acquisition is high during pregnancy and postpartum, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for peripartum populations. Integrating PrEP into maternal and child health (MCH) clinics is feasible and acceptable. Understanding clinics' service availability and readiness is essential for effective scale up.MethodsThe PrEP in Pregnancy, Accelerating Reach and Efficiency study (PrEPARE; NCT04712994) engaged PrEP-experienced facilities previously linked to a programmatic or research study in Western Kenya to document available services and commodities via a modified service availability and readiness assessment (SARA) survey with 20 PrEP tracer items covering: staffing/guidelines, services/equipment, and medicines/commodities. Facilities' prior study engagement occurred between 2017 and 2019; SARA survey data was collected between April 2020 and June 2021. Descriptive statistics were stratified by prior study engagement. ANOVA tests assessed associations between facility characteristics and gaps. Fisher's tests assessed differences in commodity availability and stockouts.ResultsOf the 55 facilities surveyed, 60% had received PrEP training in the last two years, 95% offered PrEP integrated into MCH, and 64% and 78% had both auditory and visual privacy in PrEP and HIV testing service (HTS) delivery spaces, respectively. Supervision frequency was heterogeneous, but 82% had received a supervision visit within 3 months. Availability of commodities was variable and the most commonly unavailable commodities were PrEP in MCH (71% available) and risk assessment screening tool (RAST) and PrEP cards (60% and 75% available, respectively). The number of service and commodity gaps per facility ranged from zero to eight (median: 3; IQR: 2, 5). The most frequent gaps were: PrEP training and risk assessment cards (40% each), lack of privacy in PrEP (36%) and HIV testing services (31%) spaces, PrEP pills in MCH (29%), and PrEP cards (25%). There were no differences in mean number of gaps by county, previous study engagement, or public vs. private status. Level 4 facilities had fewer gaps (mean 2.2) than level 2, 3, and 5 facilities (mean 5.7, 4.5, and 5.3 respectively; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsPrEP service availability and readiness was generally high across MCH facilities. However, there is a need for increased frequency of provider training and supportive supervision focused on fidelity. To address key commodity stockouts such as PrEP pills, implementation of electronic logistics management information systems may be needed. Targeting these gaps is essential to effectively scale up integrated PrEP delivery, especially among facilities with limited infrastructure.
Avoidance-related behavioral and blood-based physiological responses of Nguni and Boran cattle subjected to routine handling activities post relocation
Authors: Slayi Mhlangabezi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the avoidance-related behavioral and blood-based physiological responses of Nguni and Boran cattle during routine handling activities post-relocation, with a particular focus on the effect of breed, week, and waiting time.MethodsA total of 20 animals, 10 from each breed, were subjected to handling activities at fortnight intervals post-relocation. The animals were observed for entry time (ES), chute score (CS), kicking score (KS), blood sampling time, cortisol, and glucose concentrations. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis.Results and DiscussionResults showed that breed had a significant effect on avoidance-related behavioral responses (ES: p = 0.0032; CS: p = 0.0071; and EX: p = 0.0320), with Nguni cattle displaying more active avoidance behaviors compared to Boran cattle. Additionally, breed differences were observed in physiological responses, with Nguni cattle exhibiting higher cortisol and glucose levels compared to Boran cattle. Waiting time in the race had a greater impact on chute score (CS: p = 0.0037) and cortisol release (p = 0.0375) in the two breeds. Regression analysis revealed that the amount of time spent in the handling facility prior to sampling and the duration of blood collection significantly increased from week 3 to 15. Steers that waited in the race for more than 10 min had higher cortisol levels (p = 0.0031). These findings suggest that breed-specific management practices may be necessary to reduce stress-related responses and improve animal welfare during routine handling activities post-relocation. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering the effects of breed, week, and waiting time when evaluating the avoidance-related behavioral and blood-based physiological responses of cattle during routine handling activities. These factors play a significant role in understanding and addressing the stress and welfare concerns associated with handling procedures, particularly after relocation.
Vitiligo-like lesions induced by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Shan , Wei Guanjing , Hao Yanrong 
Published: July 2023

Endocrine therapy has played an essential role in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer. With the continuous development of endocrine targeting drugs, especially the emergence of selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6) inhibitors, the overall survival time in patients with HR+HER2− advanced breast cancer has been greatly improved. Their adverse reactions also need more attention in response to the climbing number of CDK4/6 inhibitors. The common side effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors were hematological toxicity, diarrhea, and liver function damage. Skin toxicity related to CDK4/6 inhibitors was rare. We describe herein our preliminary observation of one HR+HER2− advanced metastatic breast cancer patient diagnosed with vitiligo-like lesions after 10 months of taking Palbociclib. Hoping to share our experience to increase the clinician awareness of this unusual adverse and contribute to the information in the literature.
Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chapron Anthony , Andres Emilie , Fiquet Laure , Pelé Fabienne , Allory Emmanuel , Le Pabic Estelle , Veislinger Aurélie , Le Guillou Lisa , Guillot Stéphanie , Laviolle Bruno , Jouneau Stéphane 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundWorldwide, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains largely underdiagnosed.AimTo assess whether the use of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) questions and COPD coordination, either alone or combined, would detect new COPD cases in primary care.Design and settingGPs in Brittany, France, systematically enrolled patients aged 40–80 years over a 4-month period in this French multicentre cluster randomised controlled study.MethodGPs were randomly allocated to one of four groups: control (standard of care), GOLD questions (adapted from symptoms and risk factors identified by GOLD), COPD coordination, and GOLD questions with COPD coordination. New cases of COPD were those confirmed by spirometry: post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second over forced vital capacity of <0.7.ResultsIn total, 11 430 consultations were conducted by 47 GPs, who enrolled 3162 patients who did not have prior diagnosed asthma or COPD. Among these, 802 (25%) were enrolled in the control, 820 (26%) in the GOLD questions, 802 (25%) in the COPD coordination, and 738 (23%) in the GOLD questions with COPD coordination groups. In the control group, COPD was not evoked, and no spirometry was prescribed. All new cases of COPD diagnosed (n= 24, 0.8%) were in the intervention groups, representing 6.8% of patients who performed spirometry. Statistically significantly more new cases of COPD were detected with COPD coordination (P= 0.01).ConclusionInterventions that can be easily implemented, such as the GOLD questions and COPD coordination, can identify new cases of COPD. Studies are needed to identify the most appropriate case-finding strategies for GPs to detect COPD in primary care for each country.
Performance Analysis Of Roads Using The Indonesian Road Capacity Manual Method (MKJI) 1997 On The Jepara-Kudus Road Km 11 To Km 15
Authors: Suryo Angkoso Guntur 
Published: July 2023

The city of Jepara is one of the areas that is undergoing rapid development, where the population is insecreasing over time. Jepara is the center of all economic activity, the impact of traffic in the city of Jepara is very heavy, so that traffic jams often occur on certain roads. This happens because the number of vehicles that pass through the route is not balanced with the capacity of the road and the high activity of side barriers. In this thesis, the author raises the topic of Road Performance Analysis of the Jepara – Kudus road segment. The method applied in analyzing the road used the Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997. The study was conducted for 7 days, Monday to Sunday on the Jl. Jepara – Kudus. After doing research on the road section, it can be concluded that the road has the highest average speed of 38.19 km/hour on Sunday and the capacity of the road with side barriers (road body parking) is 2220,24 smp/hour, while the degree is 2220,24 smp/jam. The road saturation (DS) is > 0,75 which is 1.526 which is included in the service leecel category F with the number of vehicles being 3390.25 smp/hour/2 directions. So it is necessary to widen the road on the Jepara – Kudus road section Km 11 – Km 15.