bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring marine pollution for carbon neutrality through a deep learning method with multi-source data fusion
Authors: Wang Bin , Hua Lijuan , Mei Huan , Kang Yanyan , Zhao Ning 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionMarine pollution can have a significant impact on the blue carbon, which finally affect the ocean’s ability to sequester carbon and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. Marine pollution is a complex problem that requires a great deal of time and effort to measure. Existing machine learning algorithms cannot effectively solve the detection time problem and provide limited accuracy. Moreover, marine pollution can come from a variety of sources. However, most of the existing research focused on a single ocean indicator to analyze marine pollution. In this study, two indicators, marine organisms and debris, are used to create a more complete picture of the extent and impact of pollution in the ocean.MethodsTo effectively recognize different marine objects in the complex marine environment, we propose an integrated data fusion approach where deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are combined to conduct underwater object recognition. Through this multi-source data fusion approach, the accuracy of object recognition is significantly improved. After feature extraction, four machine and deep learning classifiers’ performances are used to train on features extracted with deep CNNs.ResultsThe results show that VGG-16 achieves better performance than other feature extractors when detecting marine organisms. When detecting marine debris, AlexNet outperforms other deep CNNs. The results also show that the LSTM classifier with VGG-16 for detecting marine organisms outperforms other deep learning models.DiscussionFor detecting marine debris, the best performance was observed with the AlexNet extractor, which obtained the best classification result with an LSTM. This information can be used to develop policies and practices aimed at reducing pollution and protecting marine environments for future generations.
Multivariate Mendelian randomization provides no evidence for causal associations among both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and skin cancer
Authors: Yu Nianzhou , Wang Jiayi , Liu Yuancheng , Guo Yeye 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundSome retrospective studies reported that psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) may have been associated with an elevated risk of skin cancer. The causal associations among them remain unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the causal association of among both PsO and PsA, and skin cancer.MethodsWe performed large-scale two-sample and Multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses to examine whether there is a causal relationship between PsO and PsA, and skin cancer, encompassing basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and cutaneous melanoma (CM).ResultsGenetically predicted PsO, per log-odds ratio increase, showed no significant association with the risk of BCC, cSCC, and CM. The odds ratios (with corresponding 95% confidence intervals) for BCC, cSCC, and CM were 1.00 (0.99,1.01) (PIvw = 0.990), 0.94(0.89, 1.00) (PIvw = 0.065), and 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) (PIvw = 0.239), respectively. PsA showed a significant association with a decreased risk of BCC, with odds ratios (with corresponding 95% confidence intervals) of 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) (PIvw = 0.214) and 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) (PIvw = 0.477), respectively. Univariate analysis of the FinnGen database demonstrated PsA did exhibit a significant association with the decrease risk of BCC, with an odds ratio of 0.94(0.90,0.99) (PIvw = 0.016). However, this association disappeared after other risk factors were adjusted.ConclusionsOur findings suggest no causal association between PsO and PsA and the genetic risk of skin cancer. Further observational studies are required to elucidate the relationship among PsO, PsA, and skin cancer.
The significance of ternary hybrid cross bio-nanofluid model in expanding/contracting cylinder with inclined magnetic field
Authors: Alraddadi Ibrahim , Ayub Assad , Hussain Syed Modassir , Khan Umair , Hussain Shah Syed Zahir , Hassan Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2023

Significance: Bio-nanofluids have achieved rapid attention due to their potential and vital role in various fields like biotechnology and energy, as well as in medicine such as in drug delivery, imaging, providing scaffolds for tissue engineering, and providing suitable environments for cell growth, as well as being used as coolants in various energy systems, wastewater treatment, and delivery of nutrients to plants.Objective: The present study proposes a novel mathematical model for the ternary hybrid cross bio-nanofluid model to analyse the behaviour of blood that passes through a stenosed artery under the influence of an inclined magnetic field. The model considers the effect of expanding/contracting cylinder, infinite shear rate viscosity, and bio-nanofluids.Methodology: The considered model of the problem is bounded in the form of governing equations such as PDEs. These PDEs are transformed into ODEs with the help of similarity transformations and then solved numerically with the help of the bvp4c method.Findings: The results show that the flow rate and velocity decrease as the inclination angle of the magnetic field increases. Additionally, research has found that the presence of nanoparticles in the bio-nanofluid has a significant impact on the velocity and flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate decreases, in general, as the stenosis becomes more severe.Advantages of the study: The results obtained from this study may provide insights into the behaviour of blood flow in stenosed arteries and may be useful in the design of medical devices and therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Syphilis and the host: multi-omic analysis of host cellular responses to Treponema pallidum provides novel insight into syphilis pathogenesis
Authors: Waugh Sean , Ranasinghe Akash , Gomez Alloysius , Houston Simon , Lithgow Karen V. , Eshghi Azad , Fleetwood Jenna , Conway Kate M. E. , Reynolds Lisa A. , Cameron Caroline E. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionSyphilis is a chronic, multi-stage infection caused by the extracellular bacterium Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum. Treponema pallidum widely disseminates through the vasculature, crosses endothelial, blood–brain and placental barriers, and establishes systemic infection. Although the capacity of T. pallidum to traverse the endothelium is well-described, the response of endothelial cells to T. pallidum exposure, and the contribution of this response to treponemal traversal, is poorly understood.MethodsTo address this knowledge gap, we used quantitative proteomics and cytokine profiling to characterize endothelial responses to T. pallidum.ResultsProteomic analyses detected altered host pathways controlling extracellular matrix organization, necroptosis and cell death, and innate immune signaling. Cytokine analyses of endothelial cells exposed to T. pallidum revealed increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and decreased secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).DiscussionThis study provides insight into the molecular basis of syphilis disease symptoms and the enhanced susceptibility of individuals infected with syphilis to HIV co-infection. These investigations also enhance understanding of the host response to T. pallidum exposure and the pathogenic strategies used by T. pallidum to disseminate and persist within the host. Furthermore, our findings highlight the critical need for inclusion of appropriate controls when conducting T. pallidum-host cell interactions using in vitro- and in vivo-grown T. pallidum.
Sensory functions and their relation to balance metrics: a secondary analysis of the LIMBIC-CENC multicenter cohort
Authors: van der Veen Susanne M. , Perera Robert , Fino Peter C. , Franke Laura Manning , Agyemang Amma A. , Skop Karen , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Sponheim Scot R. , Stamenkovic Alexander , Thomas James S. , Walker William C. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAmong patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), balance problems often persist alongside hearing and vision impairments that lead to poorer outcomes of functional independence. As such, the ability to regain premorbid independent gait may be dictated by the level of sensory acuity or processing decrements that are shown following TBI assessment. This study explores the relationships between standardized sensory acuity and processing outcomes to postural balance and gait speed.MethodsSecondary analysis was performed on the Long-Term Impact of Military- Relevant Brain Injury Consortium Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium LIMBIC (CENC) data set. Separate regression analyses were carried out for each of the balance assessments (via Computerized Dynamic Posturography, CDP) and walking speed.DiscussionTBI frequency was significantly related to the majority of single CDP outcomes (i.e., Conditions 2–6), while various sensory processing outcomes had task-specific influences. Hearing impairments and auditory processing decrements presented with lower CDP scores (CDP Conditions 3,5,6, and 1–3 respectively), whereas greater visual processing scores were associated with better CDP scores for Conditions 2,5, and 6. In sum, patients with TBI had similar scores on static balance tests compared to non-TBI, but when the balance task got more difficult patients with TBI scored worse on the balance tests. Additionally, stronger associations with sensory processing than sensory acuity measures may indicate that patients with TBI have increased fall risk.
The association between plant and animal protein intake and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Darzi Melika , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein , Keshavarz Seyed-Ali 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundHemodialysis (HD) patients often experience a significant reduction in quality of life (QOL). The source of dietary protein intake may influence the renal function and complications of HD patients. The present study assessed the relationship between plant and animal protein intake and QOL in HD patients.Methods264 adult patients under dialysis for at least three months were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over the past year. Total, animal, and plant proteins were calculated for each patient. To evaluate QOL, Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF 1/3) was used. Anthropometric measures were assessed according to standard protocols.ResultsIn this study, the average age of participants was 58.62 ± 15.26 years old; most (73.5%) were men. The mean of total, plant, and animal proteins intake were 66.40 ± 34.29 g/d, 34.60 ± 18.24 g/d, and 31.80 ± 22.21 g/d. Furthermore, the mean score of QOL was 59.29 ± 18.68. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant positive association was found between total dietary protein intake and QOL (β = 0.12; p = 0.03). Moreover, there was a significant association between plant-based protein intake and QOL (β = 0.26; p &lt; 0.001). However, the association between animal protein intake and QOL was insignificant (β = 0.03; p = 0.60).ConclusionHigher total and plant proteins intake were associated with better QOL in HD patients. Further studies, particularly prospective ones, are needed to corroborate these associations.
Multi-omics investigation of the resistance mechanisms of pomalidomide in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Li Chenyu , Jiang Hua , Li Lu , Zhang Yuanteng , Yu Wei , Fu WeiJun 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundDespite significant therapeutic advances over the last decade, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Pomalidomide is the third Immunomodulatory drug that is commonly used to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. However, approximately half of the patients exhibit resistance to pomalidomide treatment. While previous studies have identified Cereblon as a primary target of Immunomodulatory drugs’ anti-myeloma activity, it is crucial to explore additional mechanisms that are currently less understood.MethodsTo comprehensively investigate the mechanisms of drug resistance, we conducted integrated proteomic and metabonomic analyses of 12 plasma samples from multiple myeloma patients who had varying responses to pomalidomide. Differentially expressed proteins and metabolites were screened, and were further analyzed using pathway analysis and functional correlation analysis. Also, we estimated the cellular proportions based on ssGSEA algorithm. To investigate the potential role of glycine in modulating the response of MM cells to pomalidomide, cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed.ResultsOur findings revealed a consistent decrease in the levels of complement components in the pomalidomide-resistant group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the proportion of T follicular helper cell and B cells in the resistant group. Furthermore, glycine levels were significantly decreased in pomalidomide-resistant patients, and exogenous glycine administration increased the sensitivity of MM cell lines to pomalidomide.ConclusionThese results demonstrate distinct molecular changes in the plasma of resistant patients that could be used as potential biomarkers for identifying resistance mechanisms for pomalidomide in multiple myeloma and developing immune-related therapeutic strategies.
Comparison of simultaneous auscultation and ultrasound for clinical assessment of bowel peristalsis in neonates
Authors: Priyadarshi Archana , Tracy Mark , Kothari Pankhuri , Sitaula Chiranjibi , Hinder Murray , Marzbanrad Faezeh , Morakeas Stephanie , Trivedi Amit , Badawi Nadia , Rogerson Sheryl 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAssessment of bowel health in ill preterm infants is essential to prevent and diagnose early potentially life-threatening intestinal conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Auscultation of bowel sounds helps assess peristalsis and is an essential component of this assessment.AimWe aim to compare conventional bowel sound auscultation using acoustic recordings from an electronic stethoscope to real-time bowel motility visualized on point-of-care bowel ultrasound (US) in neonates with no known bowel disease.MethodsThis is a prospective observational cohort study in neonates on full enteral feeds with no known bowel disease. A 3M™ Littmann® Model 3200 electronic stethoscope was used to obtain a continuous 60-s recording of bowel sounds at a set region over the abdomen, with a concurrent recording of US using a 12l high-frequency Linear probe. The bowel sounds heard by the first investigator using the stethoscope were contemporaneously transferred for a computerized assessment of their electronic waveforms. The second investigator, blinded to the auscultation findings, obtained bowel US images using a 12l Linear US probe. All recordings were analyzed for bowel peristalsis (duration in seconds) by each of the two methods.ResultsWe recruited 30 neonates (gestational age range 27–43 weeks) on full enteral feeds with no known bowel disease. The detection of bowel peristalsis (duration in seconds) by both methods (acoustic and US) was reported as a percentage of the total recording time for each participant. Comparing the time segments of bowel sound detection by digital stethoscope recording to that of the visual detection of bowel movements in US revealed a median time of peristalsis with US of 58%, compared to 88.3% with acoustic assessment (p &lt; 0.002). The median regression difference was 26.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5%–48%], demonstrating no correlation between the two methods.ConclusionOur study demonstrates disconcordance between the detection of bowel sounds by auscultation and the detection of bowel motility in real time using US in neonates on full enteral feeds and with no known bowel disease. Better innovative methods using artificial intelligence to characterize bowel sounds, integrating acoustic mapping with sonographic detection of bowel peristalsis, will allow us to develop continuous neonatal bowel sound monitoring devices.
Fentanyl-induced reward seeking is sex and dose dependent and is prevented by D-cysteine ethylester
Authors: Knauss Zackery T. , Hearn Caden J. , Hendryx Nathan C. , Aboalrob Fanan S. , Mueller-Figueroa Yazmin , Damron Derek S. , Lewis Stephen J. , Mueller Devin 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Despite their inclination to induce tolerance, addictive states, and respiratory depression, synthetic opioids are among the most effective clinically administered drugs to treat severe acute/chronic pain and induce surgical anesthesia. Current medical interventions for opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), wooden chest syndrome, and opioid use disorder (OUD) show limited efficacy and are marked by low success in the face of highly potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. D-Cysteine ethylester (D-CYSee) prevents OIRD and post-treatment withdrawal in male/female rats and mice with minimal effect on analgesic status. However, the potential aversive or rewarding effects of D-CYSee have yet to be fully characterized and its efficacy could be compromised by interactions with opioid-reward pathology.Methods: Using a model of fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), this study evaluated 1) the dose and sex dependent effects of fentanyl to induce rewarding states, and 2) the extent to which D-CYSee alters affective state and the acquisition of fentanyl-induced seeking behaviors.Results: Fentanyl reward-related effects were found to be dose and sex dependent. Male rats exhibited a range-bound dose response centered at 5 µg/kg. Female rats exhibited a CPP only at 50 µg/kg. This dose was effective in 25% of females with the remaining 75% showing no significant CPP at any dose. Pretreatment with 100 mg/kg, but not 10 mg/kg, D-CYSee prevented acquisition of fentanyl seeking in males while both doses were effective at preventing acquisition in females.Discussion: These findings suggest that D-CYSee is an effective co-treatment with prescribed opioids to reduce the development of OUD.
The relationship between anesthesia and melatonin: a review
Authors: Guo Rui , Ye Junming , Liao Baozhen , Luo Xin , Rao Panguo 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: This comprehensive review delves into the intricate and multifaceted relationship between anesthesia and melatonin, aiming to provide essential insights for perioperative clinical anesthesiologists and stimulate interest in related research. Anesthesia and surgery have the potential to disrupt melatonin secretion, leading to sleep disorders, postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction and other symptoms. In comparison to previous reviews, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the various aspects linking melatonin and anesthesia, going beyond isolated perspectives. It explores the potential benefits of administering melatonin during the perioperative period, including alleviating anxiety, reducing pain, enhancing perioperative sleep quality, as well as demonstrating immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects, potentially offering significant advantages for cancer surgery patients.Recent Findings: Anesthesia and surgery have a significant impact on melatonin secretion, the hormone crucial for maintaining circadian rhythms. These procedures disrupt the normal secretion of melatonin, leading to various adverse effects such as sleep disturbances, pain, and postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction. However, the administration of exogenous melatonin during the perioperative period has yielded promising results. It has been observed that perioperative melatonin supplementation can effectively reduce anxiety levels, improve pain management, enhance the quality of perioperative sleep, and potentially decrease the occurrence of postoperative delirium. In recent years, studies have found that melatonin has the potential to improve immune function and exhibit anti-cancer effects, further underscoring its potential advantages for patients undergoing cancer surgery.Summary: In summary, melatonin can serve as an adjuvant drug for anesthesia during the perioperative period. Its administration has demonstrated numerous positive effects, including anti-anxiety properties, sedation, analgesia, improved postoperative sleep, and the potential to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. Furthermore, its immune-modulating and anti-tumor effects make it particularly valuable for cancer surgery patients. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal dosage, long-term safety, and potential adverse reactions associated with melatonin administration.
Avoiding SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers: is behavioral change the answer?
Authors: Morales-Burton Verónica , Lopez-Ramirez Sofía A. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has become an important cause of morbimortality, and healthcare workers are at the highest risk of infection. As a result, policies and guidelines have been issued, and behavioral changes have been crucial in hospitals. Among these measures, the implementation of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its appropriate use in the workplace is key to avoiding contagion, as is understanding new measures regarding patient admission, distribution, constant education on virtual platforms, among others, and changing conduct to reduce contagion. However, behavioral change interventions in healthcare workers are challenging as contextual characteristics, attributes of the intervention, and psychological factors are involved.Study objectivesThe issue under investigation is the impact of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers in the emergency department of the Fundación Cardioinfantil (FCI). The objective was to describe their behavioral changes by studying and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relationship through the tracing process in 2020.MethodsWe conducted a case study to identify and relate the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate within the personnel in the department and the response of healthcare workers to the implementation and adherence to the use of PPE through the analysis of the different variables that contributed to behavioral change. Data were collected by a single author and analyzed by two authors using both the individual-level logic model technique and the triangulation of information, with approval from the institutional review board.DiscussionSeveral interventions for behavior change were registered in the data collection process. The data obtained indicated that implementation, embedding, and integration were perceived as collective and individual behavioral processes. This was supported by evidence from healthcare interventions, such as education, incentivization, training, restriction, environmental restructuring, modeling, and enablement.ConclusionBehavioral science should be part of public health responses, as the theoretical basis suggests that change may modify the response to avoid the transmission of infectious diseases. Therefore, individuals at the highest risk appear to adopt guidance with targeted behavior adaptation interventions. Efforts to inform, instruct, and motivate healthcare workers must be continuous, and actions at the community level must be strengthened, as it is human behavior that determines the spread and mortality of infectious diseases, where community compliance to preventive behaviors plays a crucial role.