bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an automated flexible endoscope channel brushing system on improving reprocessing quality: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Shang Renduo , Liu Jun , Luo Zi , Huang Xingmin , Zhang Caiqing , Chen Di , Wu Lianlian , Yao Liwen , Wang Xianglan , Wang Qing , Wu Yunxing , Zhang Lili , Yu Honggang 
Published: January 2023

Background Qualified reprocessing, of which meticulous channel brushing is the most crucial step, is essential for prevention and control of endoscopy-associated infections. However, channel brushing is often omitted in practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an automated flexible endoscope channel brushing system (AECBS) on improving the quality of endoscope reprocessing.
Methods This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted between 24 November 2021 and 22 January 2022 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China. Eligible endoscopes were randomly allocated to the auto group (channels brushed by AECBS) or the manual group (channels brushed manually), with sampling and culturing after high-level disinfection and drying. The primary end point was the proportion of endoscopes with positive cultures.
Results 204 endoscopes in the auto group and 205 in the manual group were analyzed. The proportion of endoscopes with positive cultures was significantly lower in the auto group (15.2 % [95 %CI 10.7 %–21.0 %]) than in the manual group (23.4 % [95 %CI 17.9 %–29.9 %]).
Conclusions AECBS could effectively reduce bioburden and improve reprocessing quality of gastroscopes and colonoscopes. AECBS has the potential to replace manual brushing and lower the risk of endoscopy-associated infections, providing a new option for the optimization of reprocessing.
Silylium Ion Initiated Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts-Type Cyclization of 1,1-Difluoroalkenes with Subsequent Hydrodefluorination of C(sp3)–F Bonds
Authors: Roy Avijit , Gao Haopeng , Oestreich Martin , Klare Hendrik F. T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe strong electrophilicity of silylium ions has been leveraged to probe an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization of aryl-tethered 1,1-difluoroalkenes. The reaction is presumed to be initiated by a preferential electrophilic silylation of the carbon–carbon double bond over the activation of one of the vinylic C(sp2)–F bonds. Subsequent cyclization followed by hydrodefluorination of the resulting C(sp3)–F bonds leads to the final product. The resulting tetraline derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields. Distinct from earlier reports, the reaction proceeds with the perfluorinated tetraphenylborate counteranion under ambient conditions without the prerequisite of a carborate counteranion associated with the silylium ion intermediates.
Cascade Processes Merging Chemical and Enzyme Catalysis
Authors: Mangas-Sánchez Juan , Ascaso-Alegre Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCascade processes are an attractive strategy to rapidly build molecular complexity and circumvent the need to isolate reaction intermediates, providing higher efficiencies into synthetic routes with lower environmental toll. We have recently developed a new method to synthesise chiral 1,4-nitro alcohols by sequentially combining three transformations in the same reaction vessel via asymmetric C–C bond formation using a chiral thiourea catalyst and a bioreduction process as key steps.1	Introduction2	A Chemoenzymatic Cascade to Make Chiral 1,4-Nitro Alcohols3	Conclusions and Perspectives
We Know What You Agreed To, Don't We?—Evaluating the Quality of Paper-Based Consents Forms and Their Digitalized Equivalent Using the Example of the Baltic Fracture Competence Centre Project
Authors: Rau Henriette , Stahl Dana , Reichel Anna-Juliana , Bialke Martin , Bahls Thomas , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction The informed consent is the legal basis for research with human subjects. Therefore, the consent form (CF) as legally binding document must be valid, that is, be completely filled-in stating the person's decision clearly and signed by the respective person. However, especially paper-based CFs might have quality issues and the transformation into machine-readable information could add to low quality. This paper evaluates the quality and arising quality issues of paper-based CFs using the example of the Baltic Fracture Competence Centre (BFCC) fracture registry. It also evaluates the impact of quality assurance (QA) measures including giving site-specific feedback. Finally, it answers the question whether manual data entry of patients' decisions by clinical staff leads to a significant error rate in digitalized paper-based CFs.
Methods Based on defined quality criteria, monthly QA including source data verification was conducted by two individual reviewers since the start of recruitment in December 2017. Basis for the analyses are the CFs collected from December 2017 until February 2019 (first recruitment period).
Results After conducting QA internally, the sudden increase of quality issues in May 2018 led to site-specific feedback reports and follow-up training regarding the CFs' quality starting in June 2018. Specific criteria and descriptions on how to correct the CFs helped in increasing the quality in a timely matter. Most common issues were missing pages, decisions regarding optional modules, and signature(s). Since patients' datasets without valid CFs must be deleted, QA helped in retaining 65 datasets for research so that the final datapool consisted of 840 (99.29%) patients.
Conclusion All quality issues could be assigned to one predefined criterion. Using the example of the BFCC fracture registry, CF-QA proved to significantly increase CF quality and help retain the number of available datasets for research. Consequently, the described quality indicators, criteria, and QA processes can be seen as the best practice approach.
Stakeholder perceptions on causes and effects of public project failures in Ghana
Authors: Dick-Sagoe Christopher , Lee Ka Yiu , Odoom Daniel , Boateng Peggy Otiwaa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFactors responsible for the failure of most development projects are multifaceted. This study focused on unearthing the causes and effects of public project failure from the perspective of project stakeholders. Sixty stakeholders working on different public projects in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana completed a questionnaire. This study found that major causes of project failure were related to corruption, payment delays, procurement processes, planning, monitoring, bureaucracy, communication, and supervision. The perceived effects of project failure included revenue loss, discouraged investment, and unemployment. Project failure increased the initial cost of projects, impacted economic growth, led to the provision of substandard infrastructure and service relocation. Other effects of project failure were loss of capacity for public projects and emotional stress experienced by project stakeholders. The government of Ghana should adopt strategies to overcome corruption, bureaucracy, and unnecessary political influence. Finally, the government should cooperate with relevant stakeholders to implement measures geared towards improving the current system for procurement, supervision, monitoring, planning, and management practices.
ROCK2 interacts with p22phox to phosphorylate p47phox and to control NADPH oxidase activation in human monocytes
Authors: Tlili Asma , Pintard Coralie , Hurtado-Nedelec Margarita , Liu Dan , Marzaioli Viviana , Thieblemont Nathalie , Dang Pham My-Chan , El-Benna Jamel 
Published: January 2023

Monocytes play a key role in innate immunity by eliminating pathogens, releasing high levels of cytokines, and differentiating into several cell types, including macrophages and dendritic cells. Similar to other phagocytes, monocytes produce superoxide anions through the NADPH oxidase complex, which is composed of two membrane proteins (p22phox and gp91phox/NOX2) and four cytosolic proteins (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox and Rac1). The pathways involved in NADPH oxidase activation in monocytes are less known than those in neutrophils. Here, we show that p22phox is associated with Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) in human monocytes but not neutrophils. This interaction occurs between the cytosolic region of p22phox (amino acids 132 to 195) and the coiled-coil region of ROCK2 (amino acids 400 to 967). Interestingly, ROCK2 does not phosphorylate p22phox, p40phox, p67phox, or gp91phox in vitro but phosphorylates p47phox on Ser304, Ser315, Ser320 and Ser328. Furthermore, KD025, a selective inhibitor of ROCK2, inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and p47phox phosphorylation in monocytes. Specific inhibition of ROCK2 expression in THP1-monocytic cell line by siRNA inhibited ROS production. These data show that ROCK2 interacts with p22phox and phosphorylates p47phox, and suggest that p22phox could be a shuttle for ROCK2 to allow p47phox phosphorylation and NADPH oxidase activation in human monocytes.
Research methods in study abroad
Authors: Pérez-Vidal Carmen , Sanz Cristina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter summarizes the evolution of SA research from the 90s to the present, a field that has become an
established area of inquiry with theoretical impact and methodological sophistication. SA research has incorporated the different
approaches and methodological changes that have characterized second language acquisition (SLA) scholarship, including technological
advances and new designs and approaches to research. This trajectory suggests it is now a good time to stop and reflect upon the
methodological developments that have taken place in our field, to identify strengths and weaknesses, and to look ahead and point towards
new directions. The first section of the chapter presents a bird’s eye view of study abroad (SA) research, while the second summarizes
results from published meta-analyses on methodology implemented in empirical studies on personal and language development in immersive
contexts abroad. Based on the information presented throughout the volume, the chapter then moves to present a critical summary of the
limitations identified in past research as well as proposals for future SA studies.
Quantitative approaches in L2 research abroad
Authors: Zalbidea Janire , Issa Bernard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview and discussion of quantitative research designs that investigate learning outcomes in immersion settings abroad. We begin with a brief introduction to the underlying assumptions, key concepts, and overarching goals of quantitative research approaches for investigating learner development. We then summarize the core contributions of quantitative approaches in study abroad research, with attention to primary study designs, instruments, and measures employed to examine linguistic outcomes, individual differences, and other central aspects of learners’ experiences abroad. This section is followed by a critical discussion of the main methodological limitations associated with this strand of research. Lastly, we propose ways to address these limitations and to achieve more robust and generalizable findings in future quantitative study abroad research.
Oral fluency measures in study abroad research
Authors: Mora Joan Carles , Sehgal Sapna , Serrano Raquel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Measuring L2 speaking fluency is methodologically challenging. The current chapter critically evaluates measures of L2 speaking fluency and their limitations in study abroad (SA) research and offers new methodological directions based on current findings from L2 fluency research. The analysis of current methods in SA suggests researchers should move beyond the analysis of utterance and perceived fluency to include cognitive fluency in the assessment of oral development to gain a better understanding and a more comprehensive picture of SA effects on language development. In addition, we propose several methodological strategies that aim at improving the sensitivity and reliability of fluency measures in capturing the impact of SA on fluency development. Specifically, we highlight the need for expanding the range of elicitation methods to include dialogic speech, we recommend the use of L2-specific measures to control for learner variability in L1 speaking fluency, and we suggest the impact of socio-psychological and cognitive individual differences on L2 fluency development in study abroad be thoroughly investigated.
Grammatical development during study abroad
Authors: Howard Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers how study-abroad research has investigated different dimensions of grammatical development in learner processing, comprehension, knowledge and production. The chapter looks at the principal instruments and methods used, reflecting different theoretical paradigms. There follows a reflection on what the instruments and methods reveal about grammatical development in a study abroad context, and a critique of the methodological and developmental insights in the context of the diversity of findings on what is learnt at a grammatical level during study abroad and how it is investigated. The chapter ends by considering these limitations and offers a roadmap for future research.
A linear approach of chain composition
Authors: Federzoni Silvia , Ho-Dac Lydia-Mai , Fabre Cécile 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This corpus-based approach to coreference chains analyzes recurrences in the patterns of chains, providing new insights into conventions or preferences in the forms of referential expressions. By taking into account the linearity of discourse and the succession of mentions, it goes beyond the more commonly implemented analysis of global characteristics. We analyze 581 reference chains from the French corpus AnnoDis. Using clustering methods, we first show that the resulting clusters are linguistically interpretable. We then demonstrate that animacy and genre influence chain composition. Finally we identify the main patterns of coreference chains in the corpus. This highlights different types of chains and discourse strategies, which vary across genres, and confirms a major influence of referent type.
When referents are seen and heard
Authors: Vandenitte Sébastien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Constructed action is a referential strategy whereby signers and speakers use their bodies and/or voices to depict referents and their actions. Using a corpus-based study, this chapter compares constructed action in LSFB and Belgian French. It shows both that LSFB signers use constructed action to denote referents more frequently than Belgian French speakers do and that the two language communities use an overlapping set of articulators to enact referents. However, it also sheds light on differences in the use of these articulators, notably facial expression and the use of hand and arm movements, across LSFB and Belgian French. By documenting this referential strategy in a signed and a spoken language, this study informs the field of comparative semiotics.
Human collective nouns and plural definite noun phrases
Authors: Lecolle Michelle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores nominal forms with a plural meaning that denote groups of humans in French: human collective nouns (HCNs) and plural definite noun phrases (NP with [les ‘the’ + Nplural]). I combine semantic-referential and argumentative perspectives in order to assess the role of plural reference in these two domains. After presenting my conception of reference and referent and the specificities of plural reference, I compare the two types of expressions from a semantic-referential point of view, based on expressions with the same extension: the HCNs le peuple (français) ‘the (French) people,’ la population (française) ‘the (French) population,’ l’opinion publique (française) ‘(French) public opinion,’ and the plural definite NPs les Français ‘the French’ and les citoyens (français) ‘(French) citizens.’
“peut-être on peut improviser un peu”
Authors: Baldauf-Quilliatre Heike , Chernyshova Elizaveta , Colon de Carvajal Isabel , Etienne Carole , Heiden Lydia , Smykowski Laurène 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Following the methodological approach of multimodal conversation analysis, our study focuses on the emergence of a jointly constructed reference during a card game interaction: the participants need to find a common solution in order to continue their activity. The data collected in situ allow us to apprehend the different verbal and non-verbal resources mobilised by the players in order to show that in social interaction reference construction is a joint achievement that involves various types of resources which are temporally finely tuned (among others joint visual attention on the object gesturally put in focus). We also show that once a referent-function association is established and grounded, it can be “activated” later on by using an iconic gesture.
The choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues
Authors: Le Mené Guigourès Marine , Salazar-Orvig Anne , da Silva-Genest Christine , Marcos Haydée 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the choice of referring expressions in adult-child dialogues, and particularly on the identification of formal and functional conditions promoting the uses of personal and demonstrative pronouns. The study is based on a corpus of 22 parent-child dyads. Children are aged from 21 to 27 months and interact with their interlocutor in various activities. Referring expressions were analysed according to their syntactic function, the activity dyads were involved in, the discourse type and their position in the referential chain. Our results show a strong interaction between formal and functional factors, in adults’ and children’s discourse, and confirm that the acquisition of pronouns’ referential value originates in the uptake of discourse sequences within the frame of familiar activities.
Concurrent translation on collaborative platforms
Authors: Gough Joanna , Temizöz Özlem , Hieke Graham , Zilio Leonardo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The advent of AI-supported, cloud-based collaborative translation platforms have enabled a new form of online collaborative translation – ‘concurrent translation’ (CT). CT refers to commercial translation performed on such platforms by multiple agents (translators, editors, subject-matter experts etc.) simultaneously, via concurrent access. Although the practice has recently gained more ground, research on CT is scarce. The present article reports on selected key findings of a study that investigates translators’ experiences with CT via a survey of 804 professional translators working in CT mode across different commercial platforms. Despite the affordances such as peer learning, positive competition, speed, flexibility of the volume of work and working time, and reduced responsibility and reduced stress, CT workflow comes with its substantial challenges such as time pressure, negative competition, reduced self-revision and research, all of which result in quality compromised for speed.
Survival probability of compound nuclei in heavy-ion fusion reaction
Authors: Manjunatha H C , Damodara Gupta P S , Sowmya N , Manjunatha N , Sridhar K N , Seenappa L , Nandi T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We have developed an empirical formula to calculate the survival probability of superheavy nuclei by analyzing about 95 fusion experiments, which were classified into four categories based on the deformation parameters of a projectile–target system. Every category is analyzed using ten different entrance channel parameters; one of these displays the smoothest variation. That channel is Z
2/A, where Z and A are the atomic number and mass number, respectively. Further, the predicted empirical relation is improved by the inclusion of the fission barrier, separation energy, level density parameter, center of mass energy, and fusion barrier height for the Z
2/A term. Furthermore, the evaporation residue cross-section is maximum at a certain beam energy, called the optimal energy. Thus, finding the survival probability at the optimal energy is important in the synthesis of a superheavy nucleus. We have developed an empirical formula for the survival probability at the optimal energy to facilitate future superheavy nucleus synthesis.
Fabrication and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 production of B-doped N-deficient g-C3N4/CdS Hybrids with robust 2D/2D hetero-interface interaction
Authors: Chu Guoliang , Qiu Lingfang , Wen Ke , Li Ping , Cao Banpeng , Tang Yi , Chen Xiangshu , Kita Hidetoshi , Duo Shuwang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
2D layered photocatalysts with proper electronic structure have sparked much attention in the field of visible-light photocatalysis for H2 production. Herein, by simply calcining the mixture of ultrathin g-C3N4 (CNN) and NaBH4, heteroatom B and N defect were simultaneously introduced into g-C3N4. The obtained modified g-C3N4 (BDCNN) was further coupled with 2D flower-like CdS nanosheet. The optimal 2D/2D BDCNN/CdS-15% heterojunction behaved ideal photocatalytic activity for H2 revolution by water splitting, and the highest H2 revolution rate was as high as 1013.8 μmol g−1 h−1, which was 6.7 times, 2 times, and 5.8 times of the corresponding values of pristine CNN, BDCNN and CdS respectively. It was evidenced that the band structure of 2D/2D BDCNN/CdS-15% was well tuned for better visible-light adsorption and higher separation efficiency of photo-induced carriers for enhancing H2 revolution performance. The achievement in this study provided informative principles for exploring g-C3N4 based heterojunctions with higher H2-production performance.
Cellular irradiations with laser-driven carbon ions at ultra-high dose rates
Authors: Chaudhary Pankaj , Milluzzo Giuliana , McIlvenny Aodhan , Ahmed Hamad , McMurray Aaron , Maiorino Carla , Polin Kathryn , Romagnani Lorenzo , Doria Domenico , McMahon Stephen J , Botchway Stanley W , Rajeev Pattathil P , Prise Kevin M , Borghesi Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Carbon is an ion species of significant radiobiological interest, particularly in view of its use in cancer radiotherapy, where its large Relative Biological Efficiency is often exploited to overcome radio resistance. A growing interest in highly pulsed carbon delivery has arisen in the context of the development of the FLASH radiotherapy approach, with recent studies carried out at dose rates of 40 Gy s−1. Laser acceleration methods, producing ultrashort ion bursts, can now enable the delivery of Gy-level doses of carbon ions at ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs), exceeding 109 Gy s−1. While studies at such extreme dose rate have been carried out so far using low LET particles such as electrons and protons, the radiobiology of high-LET, UHDR ions has not yet been explored. Here, we report the first application of laser-accelerated carbon ions generated by focussing 1020 W cm−2 intense lasers on 10–25 nm carbon targets, to irradiate radioresistant patient-derived Glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). Approach. We exposed GSCs to 1 Gy of 9.5 ± 0.5 MeV/n carbon ions delivered in a single ultra-short (∼400-picosecond) pulse, at a dose rate of 2 × 109 Gy s−1, generated using the ASTRA GEMINI laser of the Central Laser Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK. We quantified carbon ion-induced DNA double strand break (DSB) damage using the 53BP1 foci formation assay and used 225 kVp x-rays as a reference radiation. Main Results. Laser-accelerated carbon ions induced complex DNA DSB damage, as seen through persistent 53BP1 foci (11.5 ± 0.4 foci/cell/Gy) at 24 h and significantly larger foci (1.69 ± 0.07 μm2) than x-rays induced ones (0.63 ± 0.02 μm2). The relative foci induction value for laser-driven carbon ions relative to conventional x-rays was 3.2 ± 0.3 at 24 h post-irradiation also confirming the complex nature of the induced damage. Significance. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of radiobiology investigations at unprecedented dose rates using laser-accelerated high-LET carbon ions in clinically relevant models.