bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher SARS-CoV-2 detection of oropharyngeal compared with nasopharyngeal or saliva specimen for molecular testing: a multicentre randomised comparative accuracy study
Authors: Todsen Tobias , Tolsgaard Martin G , Benfield Thomas , Folke Fredrik , Jakobsen Kathrine K , Gredal Niels Tobias , Ersbøll Annette K , von Buchwald Christian , Kirkby Nikolai 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundTesting is critical for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the best sampling method remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine whether nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS) or saliva specimen collection has the highest detection rate for SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing.MethodsWe conducted a randomised clinical trial at two COVID-19 outpatient test centres where NPS, OPS and saliva specimens were collected by healthcare workers in different orders for reverse transcriptase PCR testing. The SARS-CoV-2 detection rate was calculated as the number positive by a specific sampling method divided by the number in which any of the three sampling methods was positive. As secondary outcomes, test-related discomfort was measured with an 11-point numeric scale and cost-effectiveness was calculated.ResultsAmong 23 102 adults completing the trial, 381 (1.65%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. The SARS-CoV-2 detection rate was higher for OPSs, 78.7% (95% CI 74.3 to 82.7), compared with NPSs, 72.7% (95% CI 67.9 to 77.1) (p=0.049) and compared with saliva sampling, 61.9% (95% CI 56.9 to 66.8) (p<0.001). The discomfort score was highest for NPSs, at 5.76 (SD, 2.52), followed by OPSs, at 3.16 (SD 3.16) and saliva samples, at 1.03 (SD 18.8), p<0.001 between all measurements. Saliva specimens were associated with the lowest cost, and the incremental costs per detected SARS-CoV-2 infection for NPSs and OPSs were US$3258 and US$1832, respectively.ConclusionsOPSs were associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 detection and lower test-related discomfort than NPSs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. Saliva sampling had the lowest SARS-CoV-2 detection but was the least costly strategy for mass testing.Trial registration numberNCT04715607.
Radiomic-based machine learning model for predicting the surgical risk in children with abdominal neuroblastoma
Authors: Jia Xuan , Liang Jiawei , Ma Xiaohui , Wang Wenqi , Lai Can 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPreoperative imaging assessment of surgical risk is very important for the prognosis of these children. To develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning model based on the analysis of radiomics features to predict surgical risk in children with abdominal neuroblastoma (NB).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted from April 2019 to March 2021 among 74 children with abdominal NB. A total of 1874 radiomic features in MR images were extracted from each patient. Support vector machines (SVMs) were used to establish the model. Eighty percent of the data were used as the training set to optimize the model, and 20% of the data were used to validate its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) to verify its effectiveness.ResultsAmong the 74 children with abdominal NB, 55 (65%) had surgical risk and 19 (35%) had no surgical risk. A t test and Lasso identified that 28 radiomic features were associated with surgical risk. After developing an SVM-based model using these features, predictions were made about whether children with abdominal NB had surgical risk. The model achieved an AUC of 0.94 (a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.80) with 0.890 accuracy in the training set and an AUC of 0.81 (a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.82) with 0.838 accuracy in the test set.ConclusionsRadiomics and machine learning can be used to predict the surgical risk in children with abdominal NB. The model based on 28 radiomic features established by SVM showed good diagnostic efficiency.
Systematics and biostratigraphy of a new trilobite fauna collected from the subsurface Earlie Formation (Wuliuan Stage, Miaolingian Series, Cambrian) in southwestern Saskatchewan
Authors: Handkamer Neal M. , Ichaso Andrei , Pratt Brian R. , Mángano M. Gabriela , Buatois Luis A. 
Published: May 2023

Trilobites were recovered from four cores of the middle Cambrian Earlie Formation in southwestern Saskatchewan. Fossils occur in silty mudstone with interbedded siltstone and limestone, deposited in the inner detrital belt of the craton interior, under low-energy, subtidal conditions. Taxa identified include Kootenia dawsoni (Walcott 1889), Asaphiscus wheeleri Meek 1873, Blainia gregaria Walcott 1916b, Parehmania princeps Deiss 1939b, Ehmania weedi Resser 1935, Bolaspis labrosa (Walcott 1916a), and corynexochid gen. and sp. indet., indicating an age ranging from the lower to upper Altiocculus subzone of the Ehmaniella Zone, upper Wuliuan Stage. The upper Eldon and lower Pika formations located farther west in subsurface Alberta and the Rocky Mountains are considered to be age equivalent. Biostratigraphy confirms that strata overlying the Basal Sandstone Unit are diachronous and become progressively younger eastward. The trilobite fauna is lower in diversity relative to those in temporally equivalent units in the Rocky Mountains as well as the Great Basin, indicating that it may have experienced some environmental stressors, and that seafloor colonization was sporadic and opportunistic.
Parametric controllable one-way quantum steering induced by four-wave mixing in cavity magnonics
Authors: Wang Nan , Yang Zhi-Bo , Li Shi-Yan , Dong Ting-Ting , Zhu Ai-Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuantum steering plays a crucial role in quantum communication and one-way quantum computation. Here, we study quantum steering between two magnon modes in a cavity-magnonics system by applying a two-photon drive field to the microwave cavity. The two magnon modes are entangled and the one-way steering can be implemented when the four-wave mixing is triggered. Different from most schemes that use the dissipation of the system to control quantum steering, in our scheme the one-way steering can be modulated on demand by adjusting the coherent coupling ratio between the two magnons and the cavity, which provides a flexible and feasible way in experiments. We also reveal that the directionality of quantum steering is related to the mode populations, i.e., the mode with a larger population dominants the steering. Our study has high manipulability and may provide a promising platform for one-way quantum computing and communications based on macroscopic entanglement state.
Proteasome Inhibition Sensitizes Liposarcoma to MDM2 Inhibition with Nutlin-3 by Activating the ATF4/CHOP Stress Response Pathway
Authors: Ludwig Michael P. , Galbraith Matthew D. , Eduthan Neetha Paul , Hill Amanda A. , Clay Michael R. , Tellez Cristiam Moreno , Wilky Breelyn A. , Elias Anthony , Espinosa Joaquin M. , Sullivan Kelly D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiposarcoma is the most commonly occurring soft-tissue sarcoma and is frequently characterized by amplification of chromosome region 12q13–15 harboring the oncogenes MDM2 and CDK4. This unique genetic profile makes liposarcoma an attractive candidate for targeted therapeutics. While CDK4/6 inhibitors are currently employed for treatment of several cancers, MDM2 inhibitors have yet to attain clinical approval. Here, we report the molecular characterization of the response of liposarcoma to the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3. Treatment with nutlin-3 led to upregulation of two nodes of the proteostasis network: the ribosome and the proteasome. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to perform a genome-wide loss of function screen that identified PSMD9, which encodes a proteasome subunit, as a regulator of response to nutlin-3. Accordingly, pharmacologic studies with a panel of proteasome inhibitors revealed strong combinatorial induction of apoptosis with nutlin-3. Mechanistic studies identified activation of the ATF4/CHOP stress response axis as a potential node of interaction between nutlin-3 and the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing experiments confirmed that ATF4, CHOP, and the BH3-only protein, NOXA, are all required for nutlin-3 and carfilzomib-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the unfolded protein response using tunicamycin and thapsigargin was sufficient to activate the ATF4/CHOP stress response axis and sensitize to nutlin-3. Finally, cell line and patient-derived xenograft models demonstrated combinatorial effects of treatment with idasanutlin and carfilzomib on liposarcoma growth in vivo. Together, these data indicate that targeting of the proteasome could improve the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitors in liposarcoma.Significance:Targeting the proteasome in combination with MDM2 inhibition activates the ATF4/CHOP stress response axis to induce apoptosis in liposarcoma, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the most common soft-tissue sarcoma.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and the Exposome: Host-Extrinsic Factors Determine Response, Survival, and Toxicity
Authors: Pizzutilo Elio Gregory , Romanò Rebecca , Roazzi Laura , Agostara Alberto G. , Oresti Sara , Zeppellini Annalisa , Giannetta Laura , Cerea Giulio , Signorelli Diego , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy, largely represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has led to substantial changes in preclinical cancer research and clinical oncology practice over the past decade. However, the efficacy and toxicity profiles of ICIs remain highly variable among patients, with only a fraction achieving a significant benefit. New combination therapeutic strategies are being investigated, and the search for novel predictive biomarkers is ongoing, mainly focusing on tumor- and host-intrinsic components. Less attention has been directed to all the external, potentially modifiable factors that compose the exposome, including diet and lifestyle, infections, vaccinations, and concomitant medications, that could affect the immune system response and its activity against cancer cells. We hereby provide a review of the available clinical evidence elucidating the impact of host-extrinsic factors on ICI response and toxicity.
Assessment of the Pan-Arctic Accelerated Rate of Sea Ice Decline in CMIP6 Historical Simulations
Authors: Lee Younjoo J. , Watts Matthew , Maslowski Wieslaw , Kinney Jaclyn Clement , Osinski Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Arctic sea ice loss in response to a warming climate is assessed in 42 models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Sea ice observations show a significant acceleration in the rate of decline commencing near the turn of the twenty-first century. It is our assertion that state-of-the-art climate models should qualitatively reflect this accelerated trend within the limitations of internal variability and observational uncertainty. Our analysis shows that individual CMIP6 simulations of sea ice depict a wide range of model spread on biases and anomaly trends both across models and among their ensemble members. While the CMIP6 multimodel mean captures the observed sea ice area (SIA) decline relatively well, an individual model’s ability to represent the acceleration in sea ice decline remains a challenge. Seventeen (40%) out of 42 CMIP6 models and 37 (13%) out of the total 286 ensemble members reasonably capture the observed trends and acceleration in SIA decline. In addition, a larger ensemble size appears to increase the odds for a model to include at least one ensemble member skillfully representing the accelerated SIA trends. Simulations of sea ice volume (SIV) show much larger spread and uncertainty than SIA; however, due to limited availability of sea ice thickness data, these are not as well constrained by observations. Finally, we find that models with more ocean heat transport simulate larger sea ice declines, which suggests an emergent constraint in CMIP6 ensembles. This relationship points to the need for better understanding and modeling of ice–ocean interactions, especially with respect to frazil ice growth.
Mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau Warming Amplification in Recent Decades and Future Projections
Authors: Hu Shuzhen , Hsu Pang-Chi , Li Wenkai , Wang Lu , Chen Haishan , Zhou Botao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Earth’s surface warming by external forcing depends on location. Warming amplification, or greater surface warming than the global average, occurs in the Arctic and high-elevation regions, including the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We examined the major drivers of TP warming amplification in recent decades (1979–2020) and under future climate scenarios (2061–2100) by applying local energy budget diagnosis of multiple radiative kernels based on state-of-the-art reanalysis datasets and coupled model simulations. From 1979 to 2020, both the snow–albedo feedback and cloud–radiation feedback strongly affected the seasonality of TP warming (summer vs winter). Snow cover and albedo decreased significantly in winter but showed only small changes in summer. TP total and low-level cloud cover increased in summer, causing cooling, and decreased in winter, causing warming. During winter, TP warming amplification (1.84 from 1979 to 2020) is weaker than Arctic amplification (3.64) because the positive contribution of the surface albedo feedback to TP warming is not as strong as the dual warming effects of the lapse rate feedback and surface heat flux observed in the Arctic. Our attribution analyses based on the preindustrial control (piControl) and Historical simulations of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project confirmed that TP warming is caused by external forcing. Because the external forcing associated with anthropogenic activity is increasing, TP warming will continue to the end of the twenty-first century. Under likely future warming scenarios, winter TP warming amplification is still less than in the Arctic due to the effects of the lapse rate feedback and surface heat flux.

Significance Statement
Over the Tibetan Plateau, warming amplification, which refers to greater surface warming than the global average (∼75% more warming than the global average from 1979 to 2020), has resulted in melting permafrost, retreating glaciers, and decreasing biodiversity. This study quantified the relative effects of eight physical processes on the warming amplification over the Tibetan Plateau. In the boreal winter, the reduction in snow cover and albedo are the leading contributors (about 49%) to Tibetan Plateau warming, meaning that melting snow exposes darker ground that absorbs more sunlight than snow does. In a warmer future climate, continued melting snow cover is projected to further enhance Tibetan Plateau warming amplification.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Temperature Extremes over the Arctic Lands Based on In Situ and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Zhao Shoudong , Ding Minghu , Zhang Wenqian , Wei Ting , Cheng Wei , Chen Junming , Xiao Cunde 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Changes in extreme temperatures have more effects on ecosystems and human society than changes in climate averages. As a hotspot of global warming, the Arctic has experienced unprecedented heatwaves recently, which highlights the importance of identifying long-term variations of extreme temperatures. However, spatial unbalance of observations and artificially chosen investigation periods limit our knowledge of extreme temperatures over the Arctic lands. Here, we build a complete and quality-controlled observation network on surface temperature over the Arctic lands and combine in situ and reanalysis data to evaluate changes of extreme temperatures during the period 1979–2020. Our results indicate that 1) the increase in extreme temperatures has accelerated since the 2000s, especially on the coast of Eurasia; 2) the change magnitude for cold events is larger than for warm events, in terms of intensity, frequency, and duration; and 3) increases in warm events only occur locally, for example, Alaska and central Siberia, while decreases in cold events occur throughout the Arctic lands. The long-term trends of extreme temperatures are synchronous with sea ice loss, and patterns of interannual variations are mainly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. We suggest further efforts toward improvement over North America, especially for Greenland, through sufficient observations and regional models.
Roles of Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes in Regulating the Decay Paces of El Niño Events
Authors: Lee Chung-Wei , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Li Tim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Most El Niño events decay after a peak in boreal winter, but some persist and strengthen again in the following year. Several mechanisms for regulating its decay pace have been proposed; however, their relative contributions have not been thoroughly examined yet. By analyzing the fast-decaying and persistent types of the events in a 1200-yr coupled simulation, we quantify the key dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the decaying spring that are critical to determining the decay pace of El Niño. The zonal advection due to upwelling Kelvin wave accounts for twice as much the cooling difference as evaporation or meridional advection does. The upwelling Kelvin wave is much stronger in the fast-decaying events than the others, and its strength is equally attributed to the reflected equatorial Rossby wave and the equatorial easterly wind forcing over the western Pacific in the preceding 2–3 months. Relative to the fast-decaying events, the evaporative cooling is weaker but the meridional warm advection is stronger in the persistent events. The former is due to more meridionally asymmetric wind and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) signaling positive Pacific meridional mode. The latter results from the advection of equatorial warm SSTA by climatological divergent flow, and the warmer SSTA persists from the mature stage subject to weaker cloud-radiative cooling in response to the central-Pacific-type SSTA distribution in the persistent events relative to the fast-decaying events. Our result consolidates the existing knowledge and provides a more comprehensive and physical pathway for the causality of El Niño’s diverse duration.
Injury Pattern and Outcomes Following All-Terrain Vehicle Accidents in Kentucky Children: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Levy Brittany E. , Quattrone McKell , Castle Jennifer T , Doud Andrea N. , Draus John M. , Worhunsky David J. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) pose a significant risk for morbidity and mortality amongst children. We hypothesize that current vague legislation regarding helmet use impacts injury patterns and outcomes in pediatric ATV accidents. Methods The institutional trauma registry was queried for pediatric patients involved in ATV accidents from 2006 to 2019. Patient demographics and helmet wearing status were identified in addition to patient outcomes, such as injury pattern, injury severity score, mortality, length of stay, and discharge disposition. These elements were analyzed for statistical significance. Results 720 patients presented during the study period, which were predominantly male (71%, n = 511) and less than 16 years old (76%, n = 543). Most patients were not wearing a helmet (82%, n = 589) at time of injury. Notably, there were 7 fatalities. A lack of helmet use is positively associated with head injury (42% vs 23%, P < .01), intracranial hemorrhage (15% vs 7%, P = .03), and associated with lower Glasgow Coma Scale (13.9 vs 14.4, P < .01). Children 16 years and older were least likely to wear a helmet and most likely to incur injuries. Patients over 16 years had longer lengths of stay, higher mortality, and higher need for rehabilitation. Conclusion Not wearing a helmet is directly correlated with injury severity and concerning rates of head injury. Children 16 years and older are at greatest risk for injury, but younger children are still at risk. Stricter state laws regarding helmet use are necessary to reduce pediatric ATV-related injury burden. Level of Evidence level III retrospective comparative study
Occupational participation and engagement of woman experiencing premenstrual syndrome: A qualitative study
Authors: Park Yebin , Murphy Angela , Cezar da Cruz Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome is commonly experienced by women of reproductive age and encompasses somatic, psychological and behavioural symptoms that recur during the luteal stage of menstrual cycle and resolves during or after menstruation. Although premenstrual syndrome has gained growing interest in recent years, the experience of women living with premenstrual syndrome has not yet been explored from an occupational perspective. Method: This qualitative study an used exploratory and descriptive design to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experience of women with premenstrual syndrome through an occupational lens. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with four women living with premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Findings: Three themes were identified: (1) occupational disturbance, (2) social impairment and occupational disengagement, and (3) the importance of self-awareness to engage in occupations. Women with premenstrual syndrome symptoms experienced difficulties that impacted their ability to engage in occupations including self-care, productivity and leisure, interfering with their occupational routine and interpersonal relationships. A level of awareness was considered important to manage premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Conclusion: The findings of this study are relevant to understanding the impact of premenstrual symptoms on daily living and for tailoring future interventions to address the occupational needs in women with premenstrual syndrome.
Capturing the missing voices: A ‘fair go’ for sexual and gender minority employees in Australian workplaces
Authors: Dahanayake Pradeepa , Selvarajah Christopher , Rajendran Diana 
Published: May 2023

This article explores employee voice within organizations, in the context of the often-complex inclusion of sexual and gender minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI)) employees. This study utilized a qualitative case study approach to gather insights from diversity experts and organizational documents of three large Australian organizations representing private, not-for-profit and public sectors. This research focused on organizational interventions that capture the voices of LGBTI employees, because their voice remains a challenge. While extant literature has largely focused on employee networks as a primary voice for this group, this study identifies several other integral and novel mechanisms. This study contributes to existing knowledge by developing an empirically based theory on voice mechanisms to overcome the spirals of silence. The findings of this study offer practical value to organizations seeking to promote LGBTI voice and inclusion in the workplace. JEL Classification: J15, J16, J71, J81, M12, M14, O15