bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of gastric leak after sleeve gastrectomy: results from the 2010–2020 national registry
Authors: Li Mengyi , Zeng Na , Liu Yang , Sun Xitai , Yang Wah , Liu Yanjun , Mao Zhongqi , Yao Qiyuan , Zhao Xiangwen , Liang Hui , Lou Wenhui , Ma Chiye , Song Jinghai , Wu Jianlin , Yang Wei , Zhang Pin , Zhu Liyong , Tian Peirong , Zhang Peng , Zhang Zhongtao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Management of gastric leak after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is challenging due to its unpredictable outcomes. We aim to summarize the characteristics of SG leaks and analyze interventions and corresponding outcomes in a real-world setting.

Methods:
To retrospectively review of 15,721 SG procedures from 2010 to 2020 based on a national registry. A cumulative sum analysis was used to identify a fitting curve of gastric leak rate. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were performed to calculate and compare the probabilities of relevant outcomes. The logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of acute leaks.

Results:
A total of 78 cases of SG leaks were collected with an incidence of 0.5% (78/15,721) from this registry (6 patients who had the primary SG in non-participating centers). After accumulating 260 cases in a bariatric surgery center, the leak rate decreased to a stably low value of under 1.17%. The significant differences presented in sex, waist circumference, and the proportion of hypoproteinemia and type 2 diabetes at baseline between patients with SG leak and the whole registry population (P = 0.005, = 0.026, <0.001, and = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, 83.1% (59/71) of the leakage was near the esophagogastric junction region. Leakage healed in 64 (88.9%, 64/72) patients. The median healing time of acute and non-acute leaks was 5.93 months and 8.12 months, respectively. Acute leak (52.8%) was the predominant type with a cumulative reoperation rate >50%, whereas the cumulative healing probability in the patients who required surgicalt reatment was significantly lower than those requring non-surgical treatment (P = 0.013). Precise dissection in the His angle area was independently associated with a lower acute leak rate, whereas preservation ≥2 cm distance from the His angle area was an independent risk factor.

Conclusions:
Male sex, elevated waist circumference, hypoproteinaemia and type 2 diabetes are risk factors of gastric leaks after SG. Optimizing surgical techniques, including precise dissection of His angle area and preservation of smaller gastric fundus, should be suggested to prevent acute leaks.
Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Central North Carolina: Accounting for Outcome Misclassification in Complex Sample Designs
Authors: Vias Nishma P. , Cassidy Caitlin A. , Edwards Jessie K. , Xiong Khou , Beatty Parker Cherese , Aiello Allison E. , Boyce Ross M. , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Population-based seroprevalence studies are crucial to understand community transmission of COVID-19 and guide responses to the pandemic. Seroprevalence is typically measured from diagnostic tests with imperfect sensitivity and specificity. Failing to account for measurement error can lead to biased estimates of seroprevalence. Methods to adjust seroprevalence estimates for the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test have largely focused on estimation in the context of convenience sampling. Many existing methods are inappropriate when data are collected using a complex sample design.

Methods:
We present methods for seroprevalence point estimation and confidence interval construction that account for imperfect test performance for use with complex sample data. We apply these methods to data from the Chatham County COVID-19 Cohort (C4), a longitudinal seroprevalence study conducted in central North Carolina. Using simulations, we evaluate bias and confidence interval coverage for the proposed estimator compared with a standard estimator under a stratified, three-stage cluster sample design.

Results:
We obtained estimates of seroprevalence and corresponding confidence intervals for the C4 study. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased rapidly from 10.4% in January to 95.6% in July 2021 in Chatham County, North Carolina. In simulation, the proposed estimator demonstrates desirable confidence interval coverage and minimal bias under a wide range of scenarios.

Conclusion:
We propose a straightforward method for producing valid estimates and confidence intervals when data are based on a complex sample design. The method can be applied to estimate the prevalence of other infections when estimates of test sensitivity and specificity are available.
Disparities in greenspace associated with sleep duration among adolescent children in Southern California
Authors: Zhong Charlie , Yin Xiaozhe , Fallah-Shorshani Masoud , Islam Talat , McConnell Rob , Fruin Scott , Franklin Meredith 
Published: August 2023

Background:
More than half of adolescent children do not get the recommended 8 hours of sleep necessary for optimal growth and development. In adults, several studies have evaluated effects of urban stressors including lack of greenspace, air pollution, noise, nighttime light, and psychosocial stress on sleep duration. Little is known about these effects in adolescents, however, it is known that these exposures vary by socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated the association between several environmental exposures and sleep in adolescent children in Southern California.

Methods:
In 2010, a total of 1476 Southern California Children’s Health Study (CHS) participants in grades 9 and 10 (mean age, 13.4 years; SD, 0.6) completed a questionnaire including topics on sleep and psychosocial stress. Exposures to greenspace, artificial light at night (ALAN), nighttime noise, and air pollution were estimated at each child’s residential address, and SES was characterized by maternal education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for sleep outcomes were estimated by environmental exposure, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, home secondhand smoke, and SES.

Results:
An interquartile range (IQR) increase in greenspace decreased the odds of not sleeping at least 8 hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.05]). This association was significantly protective in low SES participants (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98]) but not for those with high SES (OR, 1.16 [95%CI, 0.80, 1.70]), interaction P = 0.03. Stress mediated 18.4% of the association among low SES participants.

Conclusions:
Residing in urban neighborhoods of greater greenness was associated with improved sleep duration among children of low SES but not higher SES. These findings support the importance of widely reported disparities in exposure and access to greenspace in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
DETECTION OF VITRECTOR SHAVINGS ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Silvasi Truman L. , Omari Amro A. , Sitto Mina M. , Gupta Chirag K. , Williams George A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To describe multiple retained intraocular foreign bodies felt to be from a vitrectomy instrument.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Patient:
A 66-year-old man with history of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repaired with pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckle, endolaser, and fluid–air exchange presented with dyschromatopsia in the right eye.

Results:
Optical coherence tomography demonstrated metallic vitrector shavings detected on optical coherence tomography above the optic nerve head and macula. Repeat optical coherence tomography 9 months later demonstrated movement of the vitrector shavings throughout the vitreous.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate retained intraocular foreign body shavings, which are rarely seen after vitrectomy. These can be confirmed using optical coherence tomography.
Artificial intelligence enabled smart digital eye wearables
Authors: RaviChandran Narrendar , Teo Zhen Ling , Ting Daniel S.W. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Smart eyewear is a head-worn wearable device that is evolving as the next phase of ubiquitous wearables. Although their applications in healthcare are being explored, they have the potential to revolutionize teleophthalmology care. This review highlights their applications in ophthalmology care and discusses future scope.

Recent findings
Smart eyewear equips advanced sensors, optical displays, and processing capabilities in a wearable form factor. Rapid technological developments and the integration of artificial intelligence are expanding their reach from consumer space to healthcare applications. This review systematically presents their applications in treating and managing eye-related conditions. This includes remote assessments, real-time monitoring, telehealth consultations, and the facilitation of personalized interventions. They also serve as low-vision assistive devices to help visually impaired, and can aid physicians with operational and surgical tasks.

Summary
Wearables such as smart eyewear collects rich, continuous, objective, individual-specific data, which is difficult to obtain in a clinical setting. By leveraging sophisticated data processing and artificial intelligence based algorithms, these data can identify at-risk patients, recognize behavioral patterns, and make timely interventions. They promise cost-effective and personalized treatment for vision impairments in an effort to mitigate the global burden of eye-related conditions and aging.
Invasive Fungal Infections in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Single-center Experience Over 19 Years
Authors: Avcu Gulhadiye , Karadas Nihal , Goktepe Sebnem Onen , Bal Zumrut Sahbudak , Metin Dilek Yesim , Polat Suleyha Hilmioglu , Aydinok Yesim , Karapinar Deniz Yilmaz 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, etiology, and outcome of IFIs in children with AML and the effect of mold-active antifungal prophylaxis.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients treated for AML between January 2004 and December 2022. Proven, probable, or possible IFIs were defined using standardized definitions of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) classification published at 2008.

Results:
A total of 298 febrile neutropenia episodes from 78 patients were evaluated. Proven, probable, and possible IFI rates were 3%, 2.6%, and 9.4%, respectively. Profound neutropenia was detected in 18 (58%) and prolonged neutropenia in 20 (64.5%) of the IFI episodes.. Invasive aspergillosis accounted for the majority of IFI episodes; however, non-albicans Candida spp. were the most isolated pathogens in the proven group. Patients with relapsed AML were particularly at risk for the development of IFI (P=0.02). A significant decrease in IFI episodes was achieved with mold-active antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole (P=0.01, odds ratio: 0.288, %95 CI:0.104-0.797). The overall mortality was 35.8%, and the IFI-attributable mortality rate was 25%. In the multivariate analysis, relapsed disease was the most significant risk factor associated with mortality (P=0.006, odds ratio:4.745; 95% CI: 1.573-14.316).

Conclusion:
Mold-active prophylaxis reduced the rate of IFIs in this cohort however IFI-related mortality was still high as 25% in pediatric AML patients. Relapsed AML was the most significant risk factor associated with mortality.
Non-operative management of uncomplicated appendicitis in children: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority study evaluating safety and efficacy
Authors: Adams Susan Elizabeth , Perera Meegodage Roshell Swindri , Fung Saskia , Maxton Jordon , Karpelowsky Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAppendicitis is the commonest paediatric surgical emergency. Adult studies suggest non-operative management (NOM) may have a place in care. There have been no adequately powered randomized controlled trials in children. Objective: to determine the safety and efficacy of NOM for paediatric simple appendicitis.MethodsA non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing operative (OM) to NOM of SA in children aged five-15 years. Primary outcome was treatment success (no unplanned or unnecessary operation, or complication) at 30 days and 12 months, with a non-inferiority margin of 15%. (anzctr.org.au:ACTRN12616000788471).ResultsFrom 11 June 2016 to 30 November 2020, 222 children were randomized: 94 (42·34%) to OM and 128 (57·66%) to NOM. Non-inferiority of NOM was not demonstrated at either time point, with 45.67% of NOM patients subsequently undergoing operation. There was no significant difference in complications (p=0.399).ConclusionsWhile noninferiority was not shown, NOM was safe, with no difference in adverse outcomes between the two groups. Further research to refine the place of NOM of simple appendicitis in children is required, including nuanced patient selection, longer term evaluation, the place of choice, and the acceptability of the treatment for children and their carers.Level of evidenceLevel 1HighlightsWhat is currently knownThere have been multiple studies examining the role of non-operative management (NOM) with antibiotics alone for appendicitis in adults, with inconclusive evidence regarding its non-inferiority to operative management. There have only been three pilot randomized control trial to date in children.What this study addsThis is the first adequately powered randomized controlled trial in children. While non-inferiority was not shown, non-operative management was safe, and associated with significantly shorter time away from school and usual activities.
SARS-CoV-2 in 30 Months, Indonesia’s Data Tells: Study from a Reference Laboratory in North Jakarta and Its Reflection for Regional to National COVID-19 Situation
Authors: Kaisar Maria Mardalena Martini , Widowati Tria Asri , Kristin Helen , Jonnatan Sheila , Surja Sem Samuel , Tjoa Enty , Venna  , Wijaya Jullyanny Waty , Thantry Anita Devi K. , Martin Ivonne , Ali Soegianto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (AJCUI) COVID-19 Laboratory has become a reference testing site, which contributed to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Indonesia. Through the LSSR and CARE, the Indonesian government has implemented moderate yet arguably successful policies to combat this pandemic. This study aims to assess and strengthen public health management while enhancing our understanding of the dynamics of COVID-19. We analyzed the correlation between policies enforced in controlling COVID-19 from July 2020–December 2022 to the positivity rate and viral intensity. AJCUI, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia demonstrated a similar trend in COVID-19 prevalence. Government policy on mobility restrictions has substantially reduced the positivity rate in Indonesia within the period of study. Our study interpreted that the Ct value in the positive case population of AJCUI data correlated positively with DKI Jakarta and Indonesia; subsequently, it has the potential to serve as an early warning for an anticipated wave. Despite the coverage of vaccines, AJCUI and DKI Jakarta positivity rates are shifting due to evolving virus variants. Altogether, the comprehensively recorded data would enable an understanding of COVID-19 dynamics, serve as a model for unprecedented disaster and public health management in general.
Postural control in girls practicing volleyball is different than in non-playing peers: comparison of data on the center of pressure and ground reaction forces
Authors: Borzucka Dorota , Kręcisz Krzysztof , Kuczyński Michał 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTA comprehensive explanation of the relationship between postural control and athletic performance requires evaluating body balance in athletes of different performance levels. To fill this gap in relation to volleyball, the aim of this study was to compare the balance of intermediate adolescent female players (VOL, n=61) with inactive peers (CON, n=57). The participants were investigated in normal quiet stance during 30 s trials on a Kistler force plate. The traditional spatial (amplitude and mean speed) and temporal (frequency, fractality and entropy) indices were computed for ground reaction forces (GRF) and center-of-pressure (COP) time-series. The spatial parameters of the both time-series did not discriminate the two groups. However, the temporal GRF parameters revealed much lower values in VOL than in CON (p<.0001). This leads to three important conclusions regarding posturography applications. First, GRF and COP provide different information regarding postural control. Second, measures based on GRF are more sensitive to changes in balance (at least those related to volleyball training and perhaps to similar training and sports activity regimens). And third, the indicators calculated on the basis of these two time series can complement each other and thus enrich the insight into the relationship between balance and sports performance level.
The therapeutic effect of diet and dietary ingredients on cellular senescence in animals and humans: A systematic review
Authors: Guan Lihuan , Eisenmenger Anna , Crasta Karen C. , Sandalova Elena , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest and has been regarded as a therapeutic target for ageing and age-related diseases. Several senotherapeutic agents have been proposed, including compounds derived from natural products which hold the translational potential to promote healthy ageing. It is largely unclear whether cellular senescence could be targeted by dietary interventions. This systematic review examined diets and dietary ingredients and their association with cellular senescence load in animal models and humans, with an intent to identify dietary interventions with senotherapeutic potential.MethodsThe databases PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for key terms related to cellular senescence, senescence markers, diets, nutrients and bioactive compounds. Intervention and observational studies on human and animal models investigating the effects of diets or dietary ingredients via oral administration on cellular senescence load were included. The studies were screened using the Covidence systematic review software. Study design, methods and results were extracted. Biomaterials used for senescence detection were categorized into physiological systems. The SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool and Cochrane risk of bias tool v2.0 were used to assess the risk of bias for animal and human studies respectively.ResultsOut of 5707 identified articles, 82 articles consisting of 78 animal studies and 4 human studies aimed to reduce cellular senescence load using dietary interventions. In animal studies, the most-frequently used senescence model was normal ageing (26 studies), followed by D- galactose-induced models (17 studies). Resveratrol (8 studies), vitamin E (4 studies) and soy protein isolate (3 studies) showed positive effects on reducing the level of senescence markers such as p53, p21, p16 and senescence-associated ß-galactosidase in various tissues of physiological systems. In three out of four human studies, ginsenoside Rg1 had no positive effect on reducing senescence in muscle tissues after exercise. The risk of bias for both animal and human studies was largely unclear.ConclusionResveratrol, vitamin E and soy protein isolate are promising senotherapeutics studied in animal models. Studies testing dietary interventions with senotherapeutic potential in humans are limited and translation is highly warranted.
ISMI-VAE: A Deep Learning Model for Classifying Disease Cells Using Gene Expression and SNV Data
Authors: Li Han , Wang Ying , Lai Yongxuan , Zeng Feng , Yang Fan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVarious studies have linked several diseases, including cancer and Covid-19, to single nucleotide variations (SNV). Although scRNA-seq technology can provide SNV and gene expression data, few studies have integrated and analyzed these multimodal data. To address this issue, this paper introduces Interpretable Single-cell Multimodal Data Integration Based on Variational Autoencoder (ISMI-VAE). ISMI-VAE leverages latent variable models that utilize the characteristics of SNV and gene expression data to overcome high noise levels, and uses deep learning techniques to integrate multimodal information, map them to a low-dimensional space, and classify disease cells. Moreover, ISMI-VAE introduces an attention mechanism to reflect feature importance and analyze genetic features that could potentially cause disease. Experimental results on three cancer data sets and one Covid-19 data set demonstrate that ISMI-VAE surpasses the baseline method in terms of both effectiveness and interpretability, and can effectively identify disease-causing gene features.
Identification of putative druggable pockets in PRL3, a significant oncology target, usingin silicoanalysis
Authors: Bennett Grace M. , Starczewski Julia , dela Cerna Mark Vincent C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to their active roles in regulating phosphorylations, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) have emerged as attractive targets in diseases characterized by aberrant phosphorylations such as cancers. The activity of the phosphatase of regenerating liver 3, PRL3, has been linked to several oncogenic and metastatic pathways, particularly in breast, ovarian, colorectal, and blood cancers. Development of small molecules that directly target PRL3, however, has been challenging. This is partly due to the lack of structural information on how PRL3 interacts with its inhibitors. Here, computational methods are used to bridge this gap by evaluating the druggability of PRL3. In particular, web-based pocket prediction tools, DoGSite3 and FTMap, were used to identify binding pockets using structures of PRL3 currently available in the Protein Data Bank. Druggability assessment by molecular dynamics simulations with probes was also performed to validate these results and to predict the strength of binding in the identified pockets. While several druggable pockets were identified, those in the closed conformation show more promise given their volume and depth. These two pockets flank the active site loops and roughly correspond to pockets predicted by molecular docking in previous papers. Notably, druggability simulations predict the possibility of low nanomolar affinity inhibitors in these sites implying the potential to identify highly potent small molecule inhibitors for PRL3. Putative pockets identified here can be leveraged for high-throughput virtual screening to further accelerate the drug discovery against PRL3 and development of PRL3-directed therapeutics.