bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the gender gap in the Italian labour market
Authors: Bettin Giulia , Giorgetti Isabella , Staffolani Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the gendered impact of the nationwide lockdown (March–May 2020) due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the Italian labour market. Based on Labour Force Survey data on the first three quarters of 2020, we define a Triple Difference-in-Differences (DDD) strategy by exploiting the exact timing of the lockdown implementation. After controlling for several individual and job-related characteristics, we found that in non essential sectors (treated group) the lockdown enlarged pre-existent gender inequalities in the extensive margin of employment: the probability of job loss got 0.7 p.p. higher among female workers compared to their male counterparts, and this difference was mainly detected during the reopening period rather than in the strict lockdown phase. The probability to benefit from the wage guarantee fund (CIG), a subsidy traditionally granted by the government for partial or full–time hours reduction, was also higher for female compared to male treated workers (3.6 p.p.), both during the lockdown and in the reopening phase. This marks a great change with respect to the past, as the application of short-term work compensation schemes was traditionally restricted to male-dominated sectors of employment. On the other hand, no significant gender differences emerged among the treated group either in the intensive margin (working hours) or in terms of remote working, at least in the medium-term.
Personalized Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Striking a Balance Between Bleeding and Thrombosis
Authors: Shpigelman Jonathan , Proshkina Anastasia , Daly Michael J. , Cox Dermot 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)—aspirin in conjunction with a P2Y12 inhibitor—is the cornerstone of managing patients with acute coronary syndromes post-revascularization, but the clinical response is highly variable, with potentially devastating consequences. Herein, we review the mechanisms underpinning said variability and explore emerging approaches to normalizing therapeutic benefit.

Recent Findings.
The potent P2Y12 inhibitors, prasugrel and ticagrelor, exhibit minimal inter-individual variability, replacing clopidogrel in DAPT and achieving greater rates of therapeutic response. However, these benefits decline in later phases when bleeding risk begins to supersede that of ischemia. Guided de-escalation of P2Y12 inhibition as well as shortening DAPT duration have emerged as strategies that retain antithrombotic efficacy while reducing bleeding risk. Aspirin is the other component of DAPT but is also used in isolation for secondary prevention of thrombotic disease. In contrast to the P2Y12 inhibitors, genetic influences on aspirin non-response appear to be outweighed by a triad of clinical factors: non-adherence, enteric aspirin use, and inappropriate dosing according to bodyweight and BMI.

Summary
Multiple de-escalation strategies for DAPT have been shown to mitigate bleeding risk, but it remains unclear which approach is ideal, necessitating head-to-head investigations to determine which exhibits the most favorable cost-to-benefit ratio. However, there is likely a role for more than one approach in clinical practice, depending on patient risk profile. Our approach to aspirin use is also in need of reassessment: strategies to improve adherence, avoidance of enteric aspirin in cardiac patients, and dose adjustment according to bodyweight and/or BMI are all likely to improve rates of therapeutic response. Moreover, platelet function testing may have a role in identifying patients expected to benefit from primary prophylactic aspirin.
A fusion approach for evaluating ground conditions for seismic microzoning at the Egyptian Solar Park in Benban, Aswan
Authors: Moustafa Sayed S. R. , Mohamed Abdelnasser , Abdelhafiez H. E. , El-Faragawy K. , Ali S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeismic microzoning is the process of mapping out and comprehending the differences in ground motion due to earthquakes in a certain location. Accurate seismic microzoning is vital for the development and safety of buildings and infrastructure in earthquake-prone locations. In this work, we present the application of microtremors, multichannel analysis of surface and machine learning approaches for seismic microzoning at Benban Solar Park in Aswan, Egypt. The findings of the investigation indicated that the ground at Benban Solar Park was generally stiff, with certain regions having stronger stiffness and damping qualities than others. The data also indicated variances in the ground conditions at various sites inside the solar park, with certain regions having a greater risk of ground motion due to earthquakes. Overall, the combination of microtremors, multichannel analysis, and machine learning has shown to be an excellent strategy for correctly and effectively mapping out the ground conditions at Benban Solar Park and assuring the safety and structural integrity of the solar power plants at the park. Moreover, the results of the research could be used to guide the design and construction of the future solar power plants at the park and to examine the safety and structural integrity of the solar park. Furthermore, the application of these techniques not only ensures the safety and structural integrity of the solar power plants at Benban Solar Park, but also promotes sustainable development by providing valuable information for the design and construction of future solar power plants at the park, in line with the principles of environmentally-conscious and responsible development.
Detecting rumor outbreaks in online social networks
Authors: Frąszczak Damian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial media platforms are broadly used to exchange information by milliards of people worldwide. Each day people share a lot of their updates and opinions on various types of topics. Moreover, politicians also use it to share their postulates and programs, shops to advertise their products, etc. Social media are so popular nowadays because of critical factors, including quick and accessible Internet communication, always available. These conditions make it easy to spread information from one user to another in close neighborhoods and around the whole social network located on the given platform. Unfortunately, it has recently been increasingly used for malicious purposes, e.g., rumor propagation. In most cases, the process starts from multiple nodes (users). There are numerous papers about detecting the real source with only one initiator. There is a lack of solutions dedicated to problems with multiple sources. Most solutions that meet those criteria need an accurate number of origins to detect them correctly, which is impossible to obtain in real-life usage. This paper analyzes the methods to detect rumor outbreaks in online social networks that can be used as an initial guess for the number of real propagation initiators.
Effect of Osmia bicornis supplemental pollination on seed yield of forest seed orchards
Authors: Kęsy Mateusz , Banaszak - Cibicka Weronika , Dylewski Łukasz , Fliszkiewicz Monika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOur study investigated the possibility of using the red mason bee Osmia bicornis as a pollinator of forest seed orchards of frequently grown European trees: insect - pollinated Tilia cordata and Prunus avium. Moreover, we checked whether the presence of O. bicornis has an impact on the pollination results of Quercus petraea, which is wind - pollinated. Data were collected from 8 forest seed orchards in western Poland between 2018 and 2020. We assessed whether the presence of O. bicornis populations affects the number and mass of seeds and seed quality. Supplementing forest orchards with O. bicornis affected seed yield. The generalized linear mixed models indicated that the number of seeds and the proportion of viable seeds, but not seed mass, were higher in the Tilia cordata trees, when additionally pollinated with O. bicornis added as a pollinator.
Constructing coconut shell biochar/MXenes composites through self-assembly strategy to enhance U(VI) and Cs(I) immobilization capability
Authors: Liu Fenglei , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Chaofeng , Hu Baowei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, a biochar-based composite (Ti3C2Tx@biochar-PDA/PEI) was constructed by decorating Ti3C2Tx and polydopamine on coconut shell biochar via electrostatic self-assembly method. Different characterization techniques were applied to explore the structure, morphology and composition of the sorbents. It was found that the higher porosity and diverse functional groups were conducive for Ti3C2Tx@biochar-PDA/PEI to capture radionuclides, and the water environmental conditions made a great contribution to the adsorption process. The process of removing U(VI)/Cs(I) well complied with the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second-order equations, which indicated that the single layer chemical adsorption occurred on the solid liquid interface. Meanwhile, this produced composite exhibited superior removal performance under complex co-existing ion environment, and the maximum adsorption amounts of U(VI) and Cs(I) reached up to 239.7 and 40.3 mg g−1. Impressively, this adsorbent still exhibited good adsorption performance after three cycles of regeneration. The spectral analysis and DFT calculation demonstrated that adsorption of U(VI) might be a chemical process, while the adsorption of Cs(I) should be ion exchange or electrostatic attraction. This study demonstrated the potential application of Ti3C2Tx@biochar-PDA/PEI as an effective remediation strategy for radioactive wastewater cleanup.
Graphical Abstract
Predicting Seedstock Bull Prices: Does Information Matter?
Authors: Ingram Seth , Martinez Charles C. , Boyer Christopher N. , Huseynov Samir , Rowan Troy N. , Taylor Mykel R. , Alizada Elmin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigate the role of optimism bias in bull price expectations using incentivized lab-in-the-field experiments with Alabama and Tennessee cattle producers. We develop bull price prediction tasks and reward accurate predictions. We find that the EPD information provision prevents optimism bias from contaminating price expectations in the whole sample. However, we also document that, unlike buyers, sellers are prone to unrealistic optimistic expectations, and our results reveal that optimism bias can be moderated by the type of expected progeny difference information utilized, breed characteristics, and regional differences in cattle operations. We contribute to the literature by documenting the role of behavioral biases.
What US hospitals are doing to prevent common device-associated infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Results from a national survey in the United States
Authors: Saint Sanjay , Greene M. Todd , Krein Sarah L. , Fowler Karen E. , Linder Kathleen A. , Ratz David , Meddings Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:The ways that device-associated infection prevention practices changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remain unknown. We collected data mid-pandemic to assess the use of several infection prevention practices and for comparison with historical data.Design:Repeated cross-sectional survey.Setting:US acute-care hospitals.Participants:Infection preventionists.Methods:We surveyed infection preventionists from a national random sample of 881 US acute-care hospitals in 2021 to estimate the current use of practices to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated events (VAE). We compared the 2021 results with those from surveys occurring every 4 years since 2005.Results:The 2021 survey response rate was 47%; previous survey response rates ranged from 59% to 72%. Regular use of most practices to prevent CLABSI (chlorhexidine gluconate for site antisepsis, 99.0%, and maximum sterile barrier precautions, 98.7%) and VAE (semirecumbent positioning, 93.4%, and sedation vacation, 85.8%) continued to increase or plateaued in 2021. Conversely, use of several CAUTI prevention practices (portable bladder ultrasound scanner, 65.6%; catheter reminders or nurse-initiated discontinuation, 66.3%; and intermittent catheterization, 37.3%) was lower in 2021, with a significant decrease for some practices compared to 2017 (P ≤ .02 for all comparisons). In 2021, 42.1% of hospitals reported regular use of the newer external urinary collection devices for women.Conclusions:Although regular use of CLABSI and VAE preventive practices continued to increase (or plateaued), use of several CAUTI preventive practices decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural issues relating to care during the pandemic may have contributed to a decrease in device-associated infection prevention practices.
Rise of the Surplus Population? Land Decollectivization, Class Stratification, and Labor Precarization in Uzbekistan
Authors: Galdini Franco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article identifies decollectivization as one of the central policies through which the so-called “Uzbek model” mediated independent Uzbekistan's incorporation into the global economy as a cotton exporter. As such, it problematizes the way in which the dominant literature on transition framed the country's independent history since 1991 as a “paradox” of no transition and transformation. Since it theorizes the former as the application of privatization, liberalization, and macroeconomic stabilization, the literature cannot explain why, absent this standard reform package, Uzbekistan still underwent a momentous transformation from full employment and low migration to mass informalization of economic activity and rural outmigration. Instead, I contend, decollectivization entailed a process of mass expropriation of the rural population from the land—primitive accumulation in Marxian terminology—in order to put it to production for capital accumulation. As such, land use was shifted from the collective reproduction of the rural population during Soviet times to the rent-subsidization of capital accumulation after independence, particularly via import-substitution industrialization. The result has been the class stratification of Uzbek society, most evident in the rise of a vast relative surplus population of landless peasants struggling in the precarious informal economy, including as daily workers and labor migrants.
Design and characterisation of a multi-DOF soft pneumatic module
Authors: Santacruz-Mondragon Israel , Sandoval-Castro X. Yamile , Ibrahim Serhat , Wiese Mats , Raatz Annika , Ruiz-Torres Maximiano F. , Castillo-Castaneda Eduardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBending and elongation have been some of the most studied motions in soft actuators due to the variety of their applications. For that matter, multi-DOF actuators have been developed with the purpose to generate different movements in a single actuator, mainly bending.However, these actuators are still limited in mobility range, and some of them do not perform continuous curvatures. This paper presents the design, characterisation and implementations of a multi-DOF soft pneumatic module. The internal structure of the proposed module is composed of four channels, which generate bending in several directions. The finite element method analysis demonstrates that the actuator performs continuous curvatures for different pressure values. We present a repeatable and easy manufacturing process using the casting technique, considering the material Ecoflex 00-50; as well as the kinematic model of the actuator, taking into consideration two bending Degrees of Freedom (DOFs). Furthermore, we performed bending characterisation for all possible combinations of the four channels via computer vision, demonstrating a wide mobility range and performing continuous curvatures. Additionally, we evaluated the kinematic model with characterisation data, obtaining the angular and cartesian relationship between the pressure and continuous curvatures. On the other hand, the authors propose the design of a modular soft manipulator based on two multi-DOF modules. The kinematic model is reported. In addition, we implement a motion sequence in the manipulator to pick and place tasks.
Designing a just soda tax
Authors: MacKay Douglas , Huber-Disla Alexandria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoda taxes are controversial. While proponents point to their potential health benefits and the public projects that could be funded with their revenue, critics argue that they are paternalistic and regressive. In this paper, we explore the prospects for designing a just soda tax, one that appropriately balances the often-competing ethical considerations of promoting social welfare, respecting people’s autonomy and ensuring distributive fairness. We argue that policymakers have several paths forward for designing a just soda tax, but that the considerations relevant to ethical policy design are more complicated than is sometimes acknowledged.
Unavoidable patterns in locally balanced colourings
Authors: Kamčev Nina , Müyesser Alp 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhich patterns must a two-colouring of
$K_n$
contain if each vertex has at least
$\varepsilon n$
red and
$\varepsilon n$
blue neighbours? We show that when
$\varepsilon \gt 1/4$
,
$K_n$
must contain a complete subgraph on
$\Omega (\log n)$
vertices where one of the colours forms a balanced complete bipartite graph.When
$\varepsilon \leq 1/4$
, this statement is no longer true, as evidenced by the following colouring
$\chi$
of
$K_n$
. Divide the vertex set into
$4$
parts nearly equal in size as
$V_1,V_2,V_3, V_4$
, and let the blue colour class consist of the edges between
$(V_1,V_2)$
,
$(V_2,V_3)$
,
$(V_3,V_4)$
, and the edges contained inside
$V_2$
and inside
$V_3$
. Surprisingly, we find that this obstruction is unique in the following sense. Any two-colouring of
$K_n$
in which each vertex has at least
$\varepsilon n$
red and
$\varepsilon n$
blue neighbours (with
$\varepsilon \gt 0$
) contains a vertex set
$S$
of order
$\Omega _{\varepsilon }(\log n)$
on which one colour class forms a balanced complete bipartite graph, or which has the same colouring as
$\chi$
.
A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition
Authors: Caspi Avner , Shmuel Eti , Chajut Eran 
Published: June 2023

Abstract: We examined the phenomenon of half-belief in superstitions by asking two samples of participants (total N = 1,014) to report how much they practiced positive and negative superstitions and how much they believed in these superstitions. We further assessed whether demographic and psychological variables accounted for practice and belief. The results suggest that very few people show a complete lack of belief in superstitions and practice none. Some participants are calibrated believers, that is, people who practice and believe to the same extent. All others are either half-believers, who practice more than they believe or passive-believers who practice less than they believe. Age, gender, and religiosity correlated with practicing, believing, and with the discrepancy between them (i.e., with half-belief or with passive-belief). Anxiety and uncertainty are associated with practicing, believing, and the discrepancy between them, with some effects being weaker for positive than for negative superstitions. Some correlations were stronger in stressful situations (i.e., COVID-19) than prior to the pandemic.
Diminished Impact of the East Asian Winter Monsoon on the Maritime Continent Rainfall After the Late‐1990s Tied to Weakened Siberian High–Aleutian Low Covariation
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Wang Lin , Gui Shu , Gong Hainan , Hu Kaiming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStrong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) can enhance the Maritime Continent rainfall (MCR) via frequent southward penetration of cold air along the coast of East Asia. However, such impact diminished after the late‐1990s, primarily due to the weakened covariation between the Siberian high and Aleutian low (AL). During 1979–1998, the co‐variability between the Siberian high and AL facilitates a strong east‐west pressure gradient over East Asia. The resultant northerlies invade southward and facilitate the enhanced MCR. In contrast, such covariation is weak during 2000–2018, and it impedes the southward invasion of northerly winds and diminishes EAWM's impact. Further inspections indicate that the weakened covariation is primarily caused by the reduced variability of the AL. The underlying mechanism is confirmed by the historical simulation of version 6 Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC6) that participates in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and numerical experiments with European Center‐Hamburg atmospheric model version 6.3 (ECHAM6).
Comparison of Field‐Aligned Current Responses to HSS/SIR, Sheath, and Magnetic Cloud Driven Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Pedersen M. N. , Vanhamäki H. , Aikio A. T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe time delay from an interplanetary driver arriving at the magnetopause to the response in the ionosphere has never been quantified separately for different types of storm drivers. This study investigates the delay for storms driven by high‐speed streams and associated stream interaction regions (HSS/SIR), or by interplanetary coronal mass ejection sheaths and magnetic clouds (MC). The total field‐aligned current (FAC) and SME index lag the Newell coupling function (NCF) by 40 ± 10 min during storms driven by HSS/SIR and sheaths, and by 60 ± 10 min for MCs. The correlation coefficient between FAC and NCF reaches maximum value as NCF is averaged over the preceding 80 min for sheath, 90 min for HSS/SIR, and 140 min for MC storms.
Combined Effect of Topography and Rotation on Oblique Internal Solitary Wave‐Wave Interactions
Authors: Yuan Chunxin , Pan Longxiang , Gao Zhen , Wang Zhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOblique interactions between internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the ocean have been frequently recorded by satellite images, nonetheless, only a limited number of studies concentrate on these phenomena, which found that both the Earth's rotation and varying topography are important factors for the underlining wave dynamics. However, the effects of rotation at different latitudes and furthermore, their combined effects with the shoaling topography are still unclear. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate these combined effects on oblique ISW wave‐wave interactions. Referring to observed obliquely interacting patterns, three scenarios initiated by two ISWs posing a V shape are explored using the variable‐coefficient Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili (KP) equation under the circumstance of continuous stratification and idealized shoaling topography. In all three experiments, rotation alone disintegrates the coherent waveforms and suppresses the emergence of a Mach stem (a wave generated at the interaction zone, characterized by the maximum of four‐fold initial waves). When shoaling topography is also included, which increases the nonlinearity leading to a competition with dispersion induced by rotation, and the result is a magnification of wave amplitudes and emergence of additional trailing waves. The combined effect of these two factors modulates the birth and subsequent development of the Mach stem, alters the post‐interaction patterns and determines the emergence of a nascent KdV‐like undular bore, which plausibly explains the discrepancies between previous theoretical results (when the combined effect is not considered) and the measured horizontal surface signatures for ISW wave‐wave interactions.