bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks p38β/MAPK11 to promote virus replication
Authors: Higgins Christina A. , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Bonaventure Boris , Kurland Andrew P. , Ye Chengjin , Yaron Tomer M. , Johnson Jared L. , Adhikary Prithy , Golynker Ilona , Panis Maryline , Danziger Oded , Rosenberg Brad R. , Cantley Lewis C. , Martínez-Sobrido Luis , tenOever Benjamin , Johnson Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, drastically modifies infected cells to optimize virus replication. One such modification is the activation of the host p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in inflammatory cytokine production, a hallmark of severe COVID-19. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of p38/MAPK activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reduced both cytokine production and viral replication. Here, we combined quantitative genetic screening, genomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics to better understand mechanisms underlying the dependence of SARS-CoV-2 on the p38 pathway. We found that p38β is a critical host factor for SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple relevant cell lines and that it functions at a step after viral mRNA expression. We identified putative host and viral p38β substrates in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that most host substrates have intrinsic antiviral activities. Taken together, this study reveals a unique proviral function for p38β and supports exploring p38β inhibitor development as a strategy toward creating a new class of COVID-19 therapies.

IMPORTANCE
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic that has claimed millions of lives since its emergence in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells requires the activity of several cellular pathways for successful replication. One such pathway, the p38 MAPK pathway, is required for virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Here, we applied systems biology approaches to understand how MAPK pathways benefit SARS-CoV-2 replication to inform the development of novel COVID-19 drug therapies.
A Mars-analog sulfate mineral, mirabilite, preserves biosignatures
Authors: Gill Karena K. , Jagniecki Elliot A. , Benison Kathleen C. , Gibson Martha E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Various sulfate minerals exist on Mars; except for gypsum, they are understudied on Earth. Extremophiles have been documented in modern gypsum and halite and ancient halite, but other chemical sediments have not been evaluated for biosignatures. Here, we present the first observations and analysis of microorganisms and organic compounds in primary fluid inclusions in the Mars-analog mineral mirabilite, Na2SO4·10H2O, from Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. Microscopy by transmitted light and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light, and Raman spectroscopy, show abundant bacteria and/or Archaea, algae, fungi, diatoms, protozoa, and organic compounds such as beta-carotene. This discovery expands our current knowledge of biological materials trapped in salt and aids the search for life on Mars, both for sample selection by rover and for analyses of return samples on Earth.
Use of ctDNA in identifying an actionable BRAF mutation in stage 4 metastatic melanoma
Authors: Bennett Charlotte , Morgan Sian , Aboud Karam , Frazer Ricky Dylan 
Published: June 2023

The identification of genetic variants in melanoma has enabled the development of targeted therapies. Under the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance, patients with BRAF V600E variant are eligible for BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy. For those with advanced or highly symptomatic disease, a rapid response to treatment is often seen. Current practice relies on tissue biopsy to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC) or next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify these variants; however, this can take up to 2 weeks. In patients with widespread disease, rapid initiation of treatment can be lifesaving.We describe a case in which hotspot circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis confirmed BRAF variant 6 days prior to biopsy results. This was utilised to expedite treatment initiation and symptomatically, the patient had initial improvement within a few days.This article demonstrates the potential value of ctDNA analysis and the need for further research into this as an alternative to NGS for patients with rapidly progressive disease.
Thermodynamics and phase transition of Bardeen black hole via Rényi statistics in grand canonical ensemble and canonical ensemble
Authors: Wang Zefeng , Ren Haizhen , Chen Juhua , Wang Yongjiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe thermodynamics of the Bardeen black hole in asymptotically flat space is investigated with the corrected first law of thermodynamics via Rényi statistics. The nonextensive parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
gives the possibility to the thermal stability of Bardeen black hole, and there is a Hawking–Page phase transition in the grand canonical ensemble (fixed the potential), which is similar to the cases of Bardeen black hole and corrected Bardeen black hole in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) space via standard Gibbs–Boltzmann (GB) statistics. By introducing the general Smarr formula via Rényi statistics, the thermodynamic pressure P is defined with the parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
and its conjugate quantity V is the thermodynamic volume (not a geometric spherical volume with horizon radius $$r_{h}$$

r
h

). The thermodynamics of the asymptotically flat Bardeen black hole via Rényi statistics in the canonical ensemble (fixed the charge q) behaves like the van der Waals system, which is also same as the asymptotically Bardeen-AdS black hole via GB statistics. The analogy between the thermodynamics of the asymptotically flat Bardeen black hole from Rényi statistics and the Bardeen-AdS black hole from GB statistics makes us to consider what is the relation between the nonextensive parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
and the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
.
Cosmological evolution in bimetric gravity: observational constraints and LSS signatures
Authors: Bassi Ajay , Adil Shahnawaz A. , Rajvanshi Manvendra Pratap , Sen Anjan A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBimetric gravity is an interesting alternative to standard GR given its potential to provide a concrete theoretical framework for a ghost-free massive gravity theory. Here we investigate a class of Bimetric gravity models for their cosmological implications. We study the background expansion as well as the growth of matter perturbations at linear and second order. We use low-redshift observations from SnIa (Pantheon+ and SH0ES), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), the growth ($$f\sigma _{8}$$fσ8) measurements and the measurement from Megamaser Cosmology Project to constrain the Bimetric model. We find that the Bimetric models are consistent with the present data alongside the$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model. We reconstructed the “ effective dark energy equation of state”($$\omega _{de}$$ωde) and “Skewness”($$S_{3}$$S3) parameters for the Bimetric model from the observational constraints and show that the current low-redshift data allow significant deviations in$$\omega _{de}$$ωdeand$$S_{3}$$S3parameters with respect to the$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM behaviour. We also look at the ISW effect via galaxy-temperature correlations and find that the best fit Bimetric model behaves similarly to$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM in this regard.
Revisiting the Friedberg–Lee–Sirlin soliton model
Authors: Heeck Julian , Sokhashvili Mikheil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon-topological solitons are localized classical field configurations stabilized by a Noether charge. Friedberg, Lee, and Sirlin proposed a simple renormalizable soliton model in their seminal 1976 paper, consisting of a complex scalar field that carries the Noether charge and a real-scalar mediator. We revisit this model, point out commonalities and differences with Q-ball solitons, and provide analytic approximations to the underlying differential equations.
An Empirical Study on GitHub Sponsor Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ziyuan , Yang Yiqian , He Haolan , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2023

From May 2019, GitHub launched sponsor mechanism indicating that GitHub is moving towards deeper integration of open source development and economic support. It will bring more comprehensive and diversified support to the open source community. However, the number of developers profiting from the sponsor mechanism follows a long tail distribution. Our study found that only 31% of developers who started the sponsor mechanism received rewards, and 39.3% of them only received a reward of one dollar. Our work focuses on identifying what factors affect the availability of sponsorship for developers in open source community. We start by defining 45 features to characterize the developers in four dimensions i.e. Personality, Advertisement, Repository and Behavior. The results of statistical analysis indicate that most of the proposed features differ significantly between the ones who received rewards (short for MTs_Yes) from those that are not. After that, we build machine learning model based on the proposed features to predict MTs_Yes. Compared with the existing work, results show that our method outperforms baselines by 30% for AUC (Area Under the Curve). In addition, we investigated the relative contribution of features in detecting MTs_Yes and analyzed the important features by using an interpretable model SHAP. Finally, based on the experimental results, we put forward corresponding and practical suggestions for developers who want to receive rewards so as to make the community of open source projects develop more harmonious.
When are Baer modules extending?
Authors: Ebrahim Fatma Azmy F. , Rizvi Syed Tariq , Roman Cosmin S. 
Published: June 2023

The well-known notion of an extending module is closely linked to that of a Baer module. A right [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is called extending if every submodule of [Formula: see text] is essential in a direct summand. On the other hand, a right [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is called Baer if for all [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. In 2004, Rizvi and Roman generalized a result of [A. W. Chatters and S. M. Khuri, Endomorphism rings of modules over nonsingular CS rings, J. London Math. Soc. 21(2) (1980) 434–444.] in terms of modules and showed the connections between Baer and extending modules via the result: “a module[Formula: see text] is[Formula: see text]-nonsingular extending if and only if[Formula: see text] is[Formula: see text]-cononsingular Baer”. [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-nonsingular if [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Moreover, [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-cononsingular if for any [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], implies [Formula: see text]. In view of this result, every Baer module which happens to be [Formula: see text]-cononsingular will automatically become an extending module. In this paper, our main focus is the study of [Formula: see text]-cononsingularity of modules. Our investigations are also motivated by the fact that very little is known about the notion of [Formula: see text]-cononsingularity while sufficient knowledge exists about the other three remaining notions in the preceding result. Moreover, we introduce the notion of special extending (or sp-extending, for short) of a module and show that the class of [Formula: see text]-cononsingular modules properly contains the class of extending modules and the class of special extending modules. Among other results, we obtain a new analogous version for the Rizvi–Roman’s result which illustrates the close connections between Baer and extending modules. Examples illustrating the notions and delimiting our results are provided.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy Characterization of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation of ZnCd Plasma Plume
Authors: Muhammed Emad J. , Abbas Ahmed K. 
Published: June 2023

This work used spectroscopic plasma emission analysis to investigate the parameters of Zn–Cd plasma formed in the atmosphere by a Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser system emitting infrared (1064[Formula: see text]nm) laser light with an energy output spanning 200[Formula: see text]mJ to 500[Formula: see text]mJ. The spectrometer was used to examine and record the emission spectrum profiles of (ZnCd), which helped to extract crucial plasma characteristics (i.e., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The electron density was measured using the Stark broadening, and the plasma temperature was calculated using the Boltzmann plot technique. The electron temperature was between 1.02[Formula: see text]eV and 1.39[Formula: see text]eV, and the electron density was between (39.05 and 50.66) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. The Debye length (l), the number of particles in the Debye sphere ([Formula: see text] and the plasma frequency ([Formula: see text] can all be estimated from the electron temperature ([Formula: see text] and the electron density ([Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]. Results indicate that plasma parameters are proportional to the energy of laser due to the increase in the intensity of spectral lines energy, and that plasma shielding of ZnCd increases with laser energy in the range of (1.20–1.23).
The Effect of Sales Growth and Profitability on Company Value with Debt Policy as Moderating Variables
Authors: Situngkir Jangasih , Mukti Aloysius Harry , Christiningrum M.F 
Published: June 2023

Financial ratio have several function for strategic decision making. Several ratio such as profitability or sales growth are the most important for capital market signal. This Research aims to examine the effect of sales growth and profitability with debt policy as the moderating variable on the value of the manufacturing industry sub-sector of the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia stock exchange in 2018-2020. With a total sample of 165 companies. The research methodology is quantitative with multiple linear regression testing with SPSS V23 data processing tools. Based on the result of model 1 testing, the result showed that sales growth had no effect on firm value, and profitability has a positive effect on firm value. The result of model 2 testing, the resulting research shows that sales growth has a positive effect on firm value, Profitability has a positive effect on firm value, debt policy does not moderate the effect of sales growth on firm value and debt policy does not moderate the effect of profitability on firm value.
Internet Versus Noninternet Participation in a Decentralized Clinical Trial: Lessons From the ADAPTABLE Study
Authors: Shen Rebecca , Mulder Hillary , Wruck Lisa , Weissler E. Hope , Robertson Holly R. , Sharlow Amber G. , Kripalani Sunil , Muñoz Daniel , Effron Mark B. , Gupta Kamal , Girotra Saket , Whittle Jeff , Benziger Catherine P. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Polonsky Tamar S. , Rothman Russell L. , Harrington Robert A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Jones W. Schuyler 
Published: June 2023

Background
Internet‐based participation has the potential to enhance pragmatic and decentralized trials, where representative study populations and generalizability to clinical practice are key. We aimed to study the differences between internet and noninternet/telephone participants in a large remote, pragmatic trial.

Methods and Results
In a subanalysis of the ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: A Patient‐Centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long‐Term Effectiveness) study, we compared internet participants with those who opted for noninternet participation. Study process measures examined included participant characteristics at consent, study medication adherence, and study retention. The clinical outcome examined was a composite of all‐cause mortality, hospitalization for myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for stroke. Noninternet participants were older (mean 69.4 versus 67.4 years), more likely to be female (38.9% versus 30.2%), more likely to be Black (27.3% versus 6.0%) or Hispanic (11.1% versus 2.0%), and had a higher number of comorbid conditions. The composite clinical outcome was more than twice as high in noninternet participants. The hazard of nonadherence to the assigned aspirin dosage was 46% higher in noninternet participants than internet participants.

Conclusions
Noninternet participants differed from internet participants in notable demographic characteristics while having poorer baseline health. Over the course of ADAPTABLE, they also had worse clinical outcomes and greater likelihood of study drug nonadherence. These results suggest that trials focused on internet participation select for younger, healthier participants with a higher proportion of traditionally overrepresented patients. Allowing noninternet participation enhances diversity; however, additional steps may be needed to promote study retention and study medication adherence.

Registration Information

clinicaltrials.gov
. Identifier: NCT02697916.
Sex‐Specific Impact of Body Weight on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Individuals With and Without Ideal Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Paulin Audrey , Manikpurage Hasanga D. , Després Jean‐Pierre , Thériault Sébastien , Arsenault Benoit J. 
Published: June 2023

Background
The impact of an elevated body mass index (BMI) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in individuals who are metabolically healthy is debated. We investigated the respective contributions of BMI as well as lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors combined to ASCVD incidence in 319 866 UK Biobank participants.

Methods and Results

We developed a cardiovascular health score (CVHS) based on 4 lifestyle and 6 cardiometabolic parameters. The impact of the CVHS on incident ASCVD (15 699 events) alone and in BMI and waist‐to‐hip ratio categories was assessed using Cox proportional hazards in women and men separately. In participants with a high CVHS (8–10), those with a BMI ≥35.0 kg/m
2
had a nonsignificantly higher ASCVD risk (hazard ratio [HR],  1.20 [95% CI, 0.84–1.70];
P
=0.32) compared with those with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m
2
. In participants with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m
2
, those with a lower CVHS (0–2) had a higher ASCVD risk (HR, 4.06 [95% CI, 3.23–5.10];
P
<0.001) compared with those with a higher CVHS (8–10). When we used the waist‐to‐hip ratio instead of the BMI, a dose–response relationship between the waist‐to‐hip ratio and ASCVD risk was obtained in healthier participants. Results were similar in women compared with men.

Conclusions
In women and men in the UK Biobank, the relationship between the BMI and ASCVD incidence in healthy individuals was inconsistent, whereas cardiovascular risk factors strongly predicted ASCVD incidence in all BMI categories. Assessing lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors as well as body fat distribution indices may help identify individuals at high ASCVD risk, regardless of body weight.
Transparency Helps Reveal When Language Models Learn Meaning
Authors: Wu Zhaofeng , Merrill William , Peng Hao , Beltagy Iz , Smith Noah A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany current NLP systems are built from language models trained to optimize unsupervised objectives on large amounts of raw text. Under what conditions might such a procedure acquire meaning? Our systematic experiments with synthetic data reveal that, with languages where all expressions have context-independent denotations (i.e., languages with strong transparency), both autoregressive and masked language models successfully learn to emulate semantic relations between expressions. However, when denotations are changed to be context-dependent with the language otherwise unmodified, this ability degrades. Turning to natural language, our experiments with a specific phenomenon—referential opacity—add to the growing body of evidence that current language models do not represent natural language semantics well. We show this failure relates to the context-dependent nature of natural language form-meaning mappings.
Statistical Characteristics of Droplets Formed due to the “Bag Breakup” Fragmentation Event at the Interface between Water and High-Speed Air Flow
Authors: Troitskaya Yuliya , Kandaurov Alexander , Zotova Anna , Korsukova Evgenia V. , Sergeev Daniil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the dominant mechanism for generating sprays in hurricane winds is a “bag breakup” fragmentation. This fragmentation process is typically characterized by inflation and consequent bursting of short-lived objects, referred to as “bags” (sail-like pieces of water film surrounded by a rim). Both the number of spray droplets and their size distribution substantially affect the air–sea heat and momentum exchange. Due to a lack of experimental data, the early spray generation function (SGF) for the bag breakup mechanism was based on the assumed similarity with resembling processes. Here we present experimental results for the case with a single isolated bag breakup fragmentation event. These experiments revealed several differences from similar fragmentation events that control the droplet sizes, such as secondary disintegration of droplets in gaseous flows and bursting of bubbles. In contrast to the bubble bursting, the film thickness of the bag canopy is not constant but is random with lognormal distribution. Additionally, its average value does not depend on the canopy radius but is determined by the wind speed. The lognormal size distribution of the canopy droplets is observed in conjunction with the established mechanism of liquid film fragmentation. The rim fragmentation results in two types of droplets, and their size distribution has been found to be lognormal distribution. The constructed SGF is verified by comparing it with experimental data from the literature. The perspectives of transferring the results from laboratory to field environment have also been discussed.

Significance Statement
The “bag breakup” fragmentation is the dominant mechanism for generating spray in hurricane winds. The number and the sizes of the spray droplets substantially affect the heat transport from the ocean to the atmosphere and, thereby, the development of hurricanes. This paper presents experimental data and analysis that demonstrate how droplet formation occurs during bag breakup fragmentation. It also shows analysis of the quantity and size of droplets formed during a single fragmentation event. This work demonstrates how obtained experimental results can be applied to real field conditions in the context of hurricane prediction models.