bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network energy optimization and intelligent routing in WSN applicable for IoT using self‐adaptive coyote optimization algorithm
Authors: Naveen G. , Prathap P. M. Joe 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent wireless telecommunications platform, which contains a set of sensor nodes linked by wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These approaches split the sensor nodes into clusters, in which each cluster consists of an exclusive cluster head (CH) node. The major scope of this task is to introduce a novel CH selection in WSN applicable to IoT using the self‐adaptive meta‐heuristic algorithm. This paper aids in providing the optimal routing in the network based on direct node (DN) selection, CH selection, and clone cluster head (CCH) selection. DNs are located near the base station, and it is chosen to avoid the load of CH. The adoption of the novel self‐adaptive coyote optimization algorithm (SA‐COA) is used for the DN selection and CCH selection. When the nodes are assigned in the network, DN and CCH selection is performed by the proposed SA‐COA. Then, the computation of residual energy helps to select the CH, by correlating with the threshold energy. CCH is proposed to copy the data from the CH to avoid the loss of data in transmitting. By forming the CCH, the next CH can be easily elected with the optimal CCH using SA‐COA. From the simulation findings, the best value of the designed SA‐COA‐LEACH model is secured at 1.14%, 3.17%, 1.18%, and 7.33% progressed than self‐adaptive whale optimization algorithm (SAWOA), cyclic rider optimization algorithm (C‐ROA), krill herd algorithm (KHA), and COA while taking several nodes 50. The proposed routing of sensor networks specifies better performance than the existing methods.
CD99 and NKX2.2 positive neuroblastoma diagnosed on cytology: A potential diagnostic pitfall and necessity of pathological evaluation of the primary site
Authors: Aparna Devi Chenniappan , Alashetty Soumya , Champaka Gopal , Dharmalingam Priya , Kapali Anuradha , Kumar Nuthan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmunohistochemistry plays a vital role in the diagnosis of small round cell tumors. CD99 immunonegativity is one of the features, which helps in distinguishing neuroblastoma from other small round cell tumors. NKX2.2 is a specific marker of Ewing sarcoma, which is a differential for poorly differentiated neuroblastoma. Here, we present a case of metastatic neuroblastoma showing immunoreactivity for both CD99 and NKX2.2 on cytology of the metastatic site causing diagnostic dilemma. Biopsy study of the adrenal lesion revealed presence of differentiating cells and neuropil, highlighting the importance of evaluation of the primary site and limitation of cytology.
A data set of the crackdown on cross‐border wildlife crimes in China, 2014–2020
Authors: Song Tianjian , Luo Zexu , Huang Yuxin , Li Yonghua , Fang Lei , Chang Jiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWildlife crimes that involve smuggling threaten national security and biodiversity, cause regional conflicts, and hinder economic development, especially in developing countries with abundant wildlife resources. Over the past few decades, significant headway has been made in combating wildlife smuggling and the related illegal domestic trade in China. Previous studies on the wildlife smuggling trade were based mainly on customs punishment and confiscation data. From the China Judgments Online website, we retrieved cases related to cross‐border wildlife and wildlife products smuggling from 2014 to 2020. In total, 510 available cases and 927 records for more than 110 species were registered. We studied each judgment and ruling file thoroughly to extract information on cases, defendants, species, sentences, and origins and destinations of wildlife and wildlife products. Furthermore, the frequency of origin–destination place occurrences and spatial patterns of cross‐border wildlife crime in China were shown in this data paper. The main purpose of our data set is to make these wildlife and wildlife products trade data accessible for researchers to develop conservation studies. We expect that this data set will be valuable for network analysis of regional or global wildlife trafficking, which has attracted global attention. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; we ask that researchers please cite this paper and the associated data set when using the data in publications.
The small molecule ACM‐001 improves cardiac function in a rat model of severe cancer cachexia
Authors: Poetsch Mareike S. , Palus Sandra , Van Linthout Sophie , von Haehling Stephan , Doehner Wolfram , Coats Andrew J.S. , Anker Stefan D. , Springer Jochen 
Published: March 2023

AimsCachexia, a common manifestation of malignant cancer, is not only associated with weight loss, but also with severe cardiac atrophy and impaired cardiac function. Here, we investigated the effects of ACM‐001 (0.3 or 3 mg/kg/day) in comparison to carvedilol (3 or 30 mg/kg/day), metropolol (50 or 100 mg/kg/day), nebivolol (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) and tertatolol (0.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) on cardiac mass and function in a rat cancer cachexia model.Methods and resultsYoung male Wistar Han rats were inoculated i.p. with 108 Yoshida hepatoma AH‐130 cells and treated once daily with verum or placebo by gavage. Cardiac function (echocardiography), body weight and body composition (nuclear magnetic resonance scans) were assessed. The hearts of animals were euthanized on day 11 (placebo and 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001) were used for signalling studies. Beta‐blockers had no effect on tumour burden. ACM‐001 reduced body weight loss (placebo: −34 ± 2.4 g vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001: −14.8 ± 8.4 g, p = 0.033). Lean mass wasting was attenuated (placebo: −16.5 ± 2.34 g vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001: −2.4 ± 6.7 g, p = 0.037), while fat loss was similar (p = 0.4) on day 11. Placebo animals lost left ventricular mass (−101 ± 14 mg), which was prevented only by 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001 (7 ± 25 mg, p < 0.01 vs. placebo). ACM‐001 improved the ejection fraction (EF) (ΔEF: placebo: −24.3 ± 2.6 vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001: 0.1 ± 2.9, p < 0.001). Cardiac output was 50% lower in the placebo group (−41 ± 4 ml/min) compared to baseline, while 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001 preserved cardiac output (−5 ± 8 ml/min, p < 0.01). The molecular mechanisms involved inhibition of protein degradation and activation of protein synthesis pathways.ConclusionThis study shows that 3 mg/kg/day ACM‐001 restores the anabolic/catabolic balance in cardiac muscle leading to improved function. Moreover, not all beta‐blockers have similar effects.
The role of the bone in complex regional pain syndrome 1—A systematic review
Authors: Kollmann Gil , Wertli Maria M. , Dudli Stefan , Distler Oliver , Brunner Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to appraise and analyse the knowledge on bone‐related biochemical and histological biomarkers in complex regional pain syndrome 1 (CRPS 1).DatabaseA total of 7 studies were included in the analysis (biochemical analyses n  = 3, animal study n  = 1, histological examination n  = 3).ResultsTwo studies were classified as having a low risk of bias and five studies with a moderate risk of bias. Biochemical analysis indicated an increased bone turnover with increased bone resorption (elevated urinary levels of deoxypyridinoline) and bone formation (increased serum levels of calcitonin, osteoprotegerin and alkaline phosphatase). The animal study reported an increased signalling of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor 4 weeks postfracture, which did, however, not contribute to local bone loss. Histological examination from biopsies revealed thinning and resorption of cortical bone, rarefication and reduction in trabecular bone and vascular modification in the bone marrow in acute CRPS 1, and replacement of the bone marrow by dystrophic vessels in chronic CRPS 1.ConclusionThe limited data reviewed revealed certain potential bone‐related biomarkers in CRPS. Biomarkers hold the potential to identify patients who may benefit from treatments that influence bone turnover. Thus, this review identifies important areas for future research in CRPS1 patients.
Anti‐Helicobacter pylori activity of Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn. Bran flavonoids extract and its effect on Helicobacter pylori‐induced inflammatory response
Authors: Qing Liting , Li Shu , Yan Shiying , Wu Chengmeng , Yan Xin , He Zongyu , Chen Qian , Huang Min , Shen Caihong , Wang Songtao , Cao Mei , Zhao Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTartary buckwheat flavonoids have a variety of effects on anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidation, as well as anti‐tumor and are valuable for academic research and industrial application. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases in humans, and an increase in its resistance has led to the failure of many drugs. In this study, we quantified the main monomers of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) bran flavonoids extract through HPLC analysis. Then, we investigated the anti‐H. pylori activity and the effect on cell inflammation of tartary buckwheat flavonoids extract and its four main flavonoid monomers (rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and nicotiflorin). The results showed that tartary buckwheat flavonoids extract and its four flavonoid monomers could inhibit the growth of H. pylori and down‐regulate the expression of proinflammatory factors IL‐6, IL‐8, and CXCL‐1 in H. pylori‐induced GES‐1 cells. Moreover, we also confirmed that tartary buckwheat flavonoids extract could reduce the expression of virulence factor gene of H. pylori. In summary, tartary buckwheat can alleviate the cell inflammation induced by H. pylori, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of tartary buckwheat healthcare products.
Mulberroside A ameliorates CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice via inhibiting pro‐inflammatory response
Authors: Shi Baozhang , Qian Jinqiang , Miao Hongyue , Zhang Shuo , Hu Yue , Liu Puqing , Xu Liping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiver fibrosis is caused by a variety of pathogenic factors. It is mainly characterized by chronic liver damage mediated by the imbalance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation. If the injury factor cannot be removed for a long time, fibrosis will progress to cirrhosis or even cancer. The development of liver fibrosis is a very complex process which is related to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), oxidative stress, and cytokines produced by immune cells. At present, screening of substances with anti‐inflammatory activity from natural plant extracts has become a new research focus in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. Mulberry twig is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological studies have shown that mulberry twig has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Thus, it is likely that Mulberry twig contains active substances with liver protection functions. The present study aimed to explore the effect of Mulberroside A (MulA), the main active ingredient from Mulberry twig, on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice. MulA treatment could significantly alleviate the CCl4‐induced liver injury, as evidenced by histological analysis and Masson staining. However, we observed that MulA inhibited the expressions of collagen I and α‐SMA in livers of CCl4‐treated mice but did not directly inhibit the proliferation and activation of HSCs. Finally, we analyzed the anti‐inflammatory effect of MulA and demonstrated that it could markedly inhibit the pro‐inflammatory cytokines release in liver tissues and in cultured macrophages, thereby alleviating liver fibrosis. Our findings suggest MulA as a potential therapeutic candidate for liver injury and inflammatory diseases.
Role of peptide transporters in small peptide uptake of bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in a transwell chamber
Authors: Zhou Miaomiao , Huang Fei , Qi Yehui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmall peptides can be absorbed by the bovine mammary gland for the synthesis of milk protein, but the absorption mechanism still needs further study. In this study, the role of peptide transporters in small peptide uptake by bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) was studied. First, BMECs were obtained and cultured in a transwell chamber. After 5 days of culture, the FITC‐dextran permeability of the cell layer was detected. Then, 0.5 mM methionyl‐methionine (Met‐Met) was added to the medium of the lower and upper transwell chambers, respectively. The culture medium and BMECs were collected after 24 h of treatment. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to detect the concentration of Met‐Met in the culture medium. Real‐time PCR was used to detect the mRNA abundance of β‐casein, oligopeptide transporter 2 (PepT2), and small peptide histidine transporter 1 (PhT1) in BMECs. Then, the BMECs were transfected with siRNA‐PepT2 and siRNA‐PhT1, respectively, and the uptake of β‐Ala‐Lys‐N‐7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐3‐acetic acid (β‐Ala‐Lys‐AMCA) in BMECs was detected. The results showed that, after 5 days of culture, the FITC‐dextran permeability of BMECs was 0.6%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group. The absorption rates of Met‐Met in the culture medium of the upper and lower chambers were 99.99% and 99.95%, respectively. The addition of Met‐Met to the upper chamber significantly increased the mRNA abundance of β‐casein and PepT2. The addition of Met‐Met to the lower chamber significantly improved the mRNA abundance of β‐casein, PepT2, and PhT1. The uptake of β‐Ala‐Lys‐AMCA significantly decreased in BMECs transfected with siRNA‐PepT2. These results suggested that the BMECs were successfully cultured in the transwell chamber and formed a cell layer with little permeability. The small peptides in both the upper and lower chambers of the transwell can be absorbed by BMECs in different ways. PepT2 plays an important role in the uptake of small peptides on both the basal and apical sides of BMECs, and PhT1 may be involved in the uptake of small peptides on the basal side of BMECs. Therefore, the addition of small peptides in dairy cow diets may be an effective dietary manipulation to increase milk protein concentration or yield.
Barriers and enablers to a healthy food environment in Australian childcare services: Exploring directors' perspectives
Authors: Kirkegaard Amy , Irwin Chris , Byrne Rebecca , Sambell Ros , Vincze Lisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedEarly childhood education and care (ECEC) settings are ideal environments to optimise nutrition and positively influence children's food behaviours. However, recent research has identified the need to improve nutrition policies, food provision, and mealtime environments in Australian ECEC settings. This study explored the perceptions of ECEC directors regarding barriers and enablers to a health‐promoting food environment within ECEC services.MethodsEleven directors from ECEC services in Nerang, Queensland, and surrounding areas, participated in qualitative interviews between March and May 2021. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis that followed a deductive‐inductive approach employing nutrition‐related domains from the Wellness Child Care Assessment Tool, these being: (i) nutrition policy; (ii) nutrition education; (iii) food provision; and (iv) mealtimes. Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers in NVivo and consensus for barriers and enablers was achieved through discussion.ResultsBarriers and enablers were reported across four domains (nutrition policy, nutrition education, food provision, and mealtimes). Comprehensive nutrition‐related policies were an enabler to a healthy nutrition environment but were sometimes described as lacking detail or customisation to the service. Nutrition education for children was described as competing with other activities for time and resources in an already‐crowded curriculum. Financial and time pressures faced by families were a barrier to healthy food provision in services where families provided food for children. The ability of staff to sit with children and engage in conversation during mealtimes was an enabler; however, competing demands on time and the unavailability of food for staff were cited as barriers to health‐promoting mealtimes.ConclusionsDirectors in ECEC services report both barriers and enablers to a healthy food environment. Nutrition policies were an enabler when comprehensive and relevant but a barrier when vague and not tailored to the service environment. ECEC services should be supported to develop and implement service‐specific nutrition policies and practices by engaging with parents and staff.So What?The barriers and enablers reported in this study should be considered when designing and implementing future evidence‐based interventions to improve the nutrition environment in ECEC services.
Approach to managing obesity in small mammals
Authors: Chitty John 
Published: March 2023

Background:Obesity is an important issue in small mammal pet species. As in other species, it results from an imbalance between dietary calorie intake and calorie use. Knowledge of the normal diet and biological activities of these species is important to not only identify the cause of the obesity, but to plan the management of obesity and obesity‐related disorders.Aim of the article:This article discusses the issue of obesity and its causes, as well as the recognition and consequences of it in small mammal pet species. It will also cover the management of the condition and its prevention. There is a wide range of small mammal species kept as pets, so the article concentrates on those that are most common (rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and ferrets) but, where appropriate, it will also refer to some of the less frequently seen species (eg, chinchillas and skunks).
Dimethyl fumarate‐mediated Nrf2/ARE pathway activation and glibenclamide‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome cascade inhibition alleviate type II diabetes‐associated fatty liver in rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Dwivedi Durgesh K. , Jena G. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is much higher in patients with type II diabetes (T2D). Inflammasomes are multimolecular complexes reported to involve inflammatory conditions. The nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway is an important regulator of antioxidant status in cells. Antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (GLB) is reported as NACHT, leucine‐rich repeat, and pyrin domain domains‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor, whereas anti‐multiple sclerosis drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is reported as an Nrf2/ARE pathway activator. Both GLB and DMF possess anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, therefore, the hypothesis was made to look into the alone as well as the combination potential of GLB, DMF, and GLB + DMF, against NAFLD in diabetic rats. This study was aimed to investigate (1) the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf2/ARE signaling in diabetes‐associated NAFLD (2) the effect of GLB, DMF, GLB + DMF, and metformin (MET) interventions on NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf2/ARE signaling in diabetes‐associated NAFLD. The rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg/kg and fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 17 consecutive weeks to induce diabetic NAFLD. The oral treatment of GLB 0.5 mg/kg/day, DMF 25 mg/kg/day, their combination and MET 200 mg/kg/day, were provided from the 6th to the 17th week. Treatment with GLB, DMF, GLB + DMF, and MET significantly alleviated HFD + STZ‐induced plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, %HbA1c, hepatic steatosis, NLRP3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain, CARD, caspase‐1, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), Nrf2, superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, IGF 1, heme oxygenase 1, receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and collagen‐1 in diabetic rats. Further, a mechanistic molecular study employing other specific NLRP3 inhibitors and Nrf2 activators will significantly contribute to the development of novel therapy for fatty liver diseases.
Investigating correlations between the PAT and three hand‐skill exercises to performance in preclinical laboratory courses
Authors: Imbery Terence A. , Malone Catherine J. , Alhaddad Ali S. , Goolsby Susie R. , Janus Charles , Baechle Mary A. , Carrico Caroline K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPerceptual ability test (PAT) is a valid determinant for spatial perceptions. However, proven psychomotor skill tests for dentistry do not currently exist. This study aimed to determine whether performance on the PAT, Operation game, mirror tracing, and wax carving exercises correlate to preclinical laboratory performance in Dental Anatomy and Restorative Dentistry courses.MethodsFirst‐year dental students (n = 96) participated in the study. Final laboratory grades were obtained from course directors of preclinical Restorative Dentistry and Dental Anatomy courses. Admissions committee provided participants' PAT results. Participants completed a wax carving exercise by carving a cube and a semicircle into a wax block using the wax subtraction method. Two calibrated faculty graded the carvings as Ideal (5), Satisfactory (3), or Unsatisfactory (1). Time to complete the Operation game and number of infractions were recorded. Participants traced the six‐pointed star pattern on the Auto Scoring Mirror Tracer instrument in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Completion times and number of instances outside the pattern were recorded. Spearman Rank Correlations were used to determine associations at 0.05 confidence interval.ResultsMean PAT score was 21.7; mean times to complete the Operation game and mirror tracing exercise were 4:20 and 1:30, respectively. Mean score on the wax carving exercise was 3.19. Correlations between the independent and dependent variables were minimal to weak. The wax carving exercise was the most reliable predictor of performance.ConclusionsWhen PAT scores are striated into low (less than 20), middle (21–22), and high (23–30), it was possible to predict performance in both preclinical laboratory courses.
Incorporation of podcast as an adjunctive study material for national board examination: A preliminary study
Authors: Sethi Neha , Lettelleir Jessica , Mays Keith A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, higher education embraced alternative content delivery to provide academic instruction to accommodate for the pandemic. Although this adaptation of content delivery was temporary for some, the uses of YouTube videos, Podcast, and distance learning have been an increasingly desired format for students. The transition of the traditionally two‐part National Board Dental Examination into a one‐part, integrating biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences initiated in 2018 started with limited study resources. This study hypothesized that podcast would be a useful format for Integrated National Board Dental Examination (INBDE) review. The study's purpose was to evaluate the students’ perspective of podcasts as INBDE supplemental review resource.MethodsSeven episodes, 10–15 min long, case‐based clinical scenario podcasts were recorded. Students and faculty reviewed academic content and accuracy. Episodes were recorded and published on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and Google Podcasts under the channel “Dental Study Bites” as INBDE review material. Listeners were invited to complete a 16‐item Google form questionnaire. Respondents were deidentified, and descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsPodcast episodes were played 256 times with 31 survey respondents. Listeners on Spotify represented seven different countries with 61.3% females and 38.4% males. Ninety percent of respondents found cases useful and helpful. Eighty‐six percent found cases promoted learning and 90% believed podcasts could be useful in the dental curriculum.ConclusionThe Dental Study Bites Podcast served as a helpful and useful method to deliver instructional content. The use of podcast offers flexible means for students to review instructional materials and can be created inexpensively.