bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of storybook reading on children's preoperative fear and anxiety levels: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sarialioğlu Arzu , Kurudirek Fatma , Oluç Tuğba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reading a preoperative preparation‐themed storybook on children's preoperative fear and anxiety levels.MethodsThe research design was a randomized controlled experiment. The research sample included 80 children (40 in the story group and 40 in the control group) who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools were collected through face‐to‐face interviews with the ‘Survey Form’, ‘Child Fear Scale (CFS)’ and ‘Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS)’. In the research, the book named Elif Has Surgery was used as an intervention tool. In the story group, the preoperative preparation‐themed storybook was read to the child in their room at the clinic by their mother within 10 min. The control group received only clinical routine. The study was approved by the ethics committee.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean scores of the CFS and mYPAS scales in the control and story groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study found that reading a preoperative preparation‐themed storybook reduced children's fear and anxiety before surgery. It may be recommended to expand the use of preoperative preparation‐themed storybooks in order to prevent fear and anxiety experienced before surgery in paediatric surgery clinics. Story reading is an effective, cheap, non‐pharmacological intervention.The clinical trial registration number is NCT05478369.
Dynamic attention signalling in V4: Relation to fast‐spiking/non‐fast‐spiking cell class and population coupling
Authors: Sachse Elizabeth M. , Snyder Adam C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe computational role of a neuron during attention depends on its firing properties, neurotransmitter expression and functional connectivity. Neurons in the visual cortical area V4 are reliably engaged by selective attention but exhibit diversity in the effect of attention on firing rates and correlated variability. It remains unclear what specific neuronal properties shape these attention effects. In this study, we quantitatively characterised the distribution of attention modulation of firing rates across populations of V4 neurons. Neurons exhibited a continuum of time‐varying attention effects. At one end of the continuum, neurons' spontaneous firing rates were slightly depressed with attention (compared to when unattended), whereas their stimulus responses were enhanced with attention. The other end of the continuum showed the converse pattern: attention depressed stimulus responses but increased spontaneous activity. We tested whether the particular pattern of time‐varying attention effects that a neuron exhibited was related to the shape of their actions potentials (so‐called ‘fast‐spiking’ [FS] neurons have been linked to inhibition) and the strength of their coupling to the overall population. We found an interdependence among neural attention effects, neuron type and population coupling. In particular, we found neurons for which attention enhanced spontaneous activity but suppressed stimulus responses were less likely to be fast‐spiking (more likely to be non‐fast‐spiking) and tended to have stronger population coupling, compared to neurons with other types of attention effects. These results add important information to our understanding of visual attention circuits at the cellular level.
Opportunities to advance the synthesis of ecology and evolution
Authors: Loreau Michel , Jarne Philippe , Martiny Jennifer B. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite decades of research on the interactions between ecology and evolution, opportunities still remain to further integrate the two disciplines, especially when considering multispecies systems. Here, we discuss two such opportunities. First, the traditional emphasis on the distinction between evolutionary and ecological processes should be further relaxed as it is particularly unhelpful in the study of microbial communities, where the very notion of species is hard to define. Second, key processes of evolutionary theory such as adaptation should be exported to hierarchical levels higher than populations to make sense of biodiversity dynamics. Together, we argue that broadening our perspective of eco‐evolutionary dynamics to be more inclusive of all biodiversity, both phylogenetically and hierarchically, will open up fertile new research directions and help us to address one of the major scientific challenges of our time, that is, to understand and predict changes in biodiversity in the face of rapid environmental change.
Perampanel as precision therapy in rare genetic epilepsies
Authors: Nissenkorn Andreea , Kluger Gerhard , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Bayat Allan , Bobylova Marya , Bonanni Paolo , Ceulemans Berten , Coppola Antonietta , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Feucht Martha , Fuchs Anne , Gröppel Gudrun , Heimer Gali , Herdt Brigitte , Kulikova Sviatlana , Mukhin Konstantin , Nicassio Stefania , Orsini Alessandro , Panagiotou Maria , Pringsheim Milka , Puest Burkhard , Pylaeva Olga , Ramantani Georgia , Tsekoura Maria , Ricciardelli Paolo , Lerman Sagie Tally , Stark Brigit , Striano Pasquale , van Baalen Andreas , De Wachter Matthias , Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Cuccurullo Claudia , von Stülpnagel Celina , Russo Angelo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePerampanel, an antiseizure drug with α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist properties, may have a targeted effect in genetic epilepsies with overwhelming glutamate receptor activation. Epilepsies with loss of γ‐aminobutyric acid inhibition (e.g., SCN1A), overactive excitatory neurons (e.g., SCN2A, SCN8A), and variants in glutamate receptors (e.g., GRIN2A) hold special interest. We aimed to collect data from a large rare genetic epilepsy cohort treated with perampanel, to detect possible subgroups with high efficacy.MethodsThis multicenter project was based on the framework of NETRE (Network for Therapy in Rare Epilepsies), a web of pediatric neurologists treating rare epilepsies. Retrospective data from patients with genetic epilepsies treated with perampanel were collected. Outcome measures were responder rate (50% seizure reduction), and percentage of seizure reduction after 3 months of treatment. Subgroups of etiologies with high efficacy were identified.ResultsA total of 137 patients with 79 different etiologies, aged 2 months to 61 years (mean = 15.48 ± 9.9 years), were enrolled. The mean dosage was 6.45 ± 2.47 mg, and treatment period was 2.0 ± 1.78 years (1.5 months–8 years). Sixty‐two patients (44.9%) were treated for >2 years. Ninety‐eight patients (71%) were responders, and 93 (67.4%) chose to continue therapy. The mean reduction in seizure frequency was 56.61% ± 34.36%. Sixty patients (43.5%) sustained >75% reduction in seizure frequency, including 38 (27.5%) with >90% reduction in seizure frequency. The following genes showed high treatment efficacy: SCN1A, GNAO1, PIGA, PCDH19, SYNGAP1, POLG1, POLG2, and NEU1. Eleven of 17 (64.7%) patients with Dravet syndrome due to an SCN1A pathogenic variant were responders to perampanel treatment; 35.3% of them had >90% seizure reduction. Other etiologies remarkable for >90% reduction in seizures were GNAO1 and PIGA. Fourteen patients had a continuous spike and wave during sleep electroencephalographic pattern, and in six subjects perampanel reduced epileptiform activity.SignificancePerampanel demonstrated high safety and efficacy in patients with rare genetic epilepsies, especially in SCN1A, GNAO1, PIGA, PCDH19, SYNGAP1, CDKL5, NEU1, and POLG, suggesting a targeted effect related to glutamate transmission.
A psychometric analysis of the Relationship Attribution Measure–Online Behavior
Authors: Sullivan Kieran T. , Sullivan Aine F. , Bradbury Thomas N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate a measure of attributions about partner online behavior.BackgroundThe attributions that intimate partners make for one another's actions foreshadow deterioration in relationship satisfaction. Although online communication is now pervasive, tools for assessing the attributions partners make for online behavior (e.g., why a partner hasn't responded to a text message) are not yet available.MethodCollege students (Sample 1) and individuals recruited via Qualtrics panels (Sample 2) completed an online survey assessing attributions, relationship satisfaction, attachment anxiety, jealousy, and depression.ResultsThe Relationship Attribution Measure–Online Behavior (RAM‐OB) is internally consistent, unifactorial, and reasonably stable. Maladaptive attributions (i.e., internal, stable, and global explanations for negative behavior) are negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction and positively correlated with attachment anxiety, jealousy, and depression (Study 1). Further, we demonstrate that maladaptive attributions covary with lower levels of relationship satisfaction even after controlling for anxious attachment, jealousy, and depression, and that the relationship between attributions and satisfaction is stronger for women and for people living with lower incomes (Study 2).ConclusionThe RAM‐OB is a reliable and valid measure of the attributions partners make about online behavior.ImplicationsThe availability of the RAM‐OB may create new opportunities for understanding the role of technology and media‐related behaviors in intimate relationships.
Effect of sintering atmosphere on microstructures and properties of synthesized microporous MgO refractory raw material
Authors: Liu Ying , Yan Wen , Chen Zhe , Yan Junjie , Wang Qiang , Li Guangqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffects of sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and strength of magnesite were investigated using magnesite powder as raw material through X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry measurement, and so on. The results showed that the sintering atmosphere strongly affected the sintering behavior of magnesite. The specimens sintered in the reducing atmosphere had more and finer micro‐sized pores inside the MgO particles compared with that in the oxidizing atmosphere at the same sintering temperature. Besides, MgO refractory raw material containing porous MgO microparticles with core–shell structure was obtained through the carbothermal reduction of MgO microparticles and subsequent oxidation of Mg vapor at the surface of MgO particles at 1500°C in the reducing atmosphere. At the reducing atmosphere and 1500°C, the microporous MgO refractory raw material with the core–shell structure of external dense and internal porous had an apparent porosity of 22.1% and a compressive strength of 51.6 MPa.
Prenatal tobacco and cannabis co‐exposure and offspring obesity development from birth to mid‐childhood
Authors: Kong Kai Ling , Lee Jin‐kyung , Shisler Shannon , Thanos Panayotis K. , Huestis Marilyn A. , Hawk Larry , Eiden Rina D. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackgroundAlthough the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and child obesity risk is well‐established, less is known about co‐exposure to tobacco and cannabis.ObjectiveDetermine the relation between prenatal substance co‐exposure and obesity risk.MethodsIn a diverse sample of pregnant women, we examined the association between prenatal substance exposure (tobacco‐only and co‐exposure) and child BMI (kg/m2) trajectories from birth to mid‐childhood (n = 262), overweight/obese status based on BMI percentiles from toddlerhood (24 months) to mid‐childhood (9–12 years), and adiposity outcomes at mid‐childhood (fat mass [kg], fat mass [%] and fat free mass [kg]; n = 128). Given that the major goal of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal substance exposure and child outcomes, we oversampled pregnant women for substance use (with tobacco as the primary focus).ResultsMultilevel models demonstrated that children in both exposure groups had a steeper increase in BMI trajectory from birth to mid‐childhood and among co‐exposed children, girls had a steeper increase than boys. Odds ratio of having obesity by mid‐childhood was 12 times higher among those co‐exposed than non‐exposed. Co‐exposure led to significantly greater fat mass and fat mass % compared with no exposure, but exposure to only tobacco was no different than no exposure.ConclusionsResults highlight potentiating effects of cannabis exposure in the context of maternal tobacco use in pregnancy on obesity risk and the importance of multi‐method assessments of obesity.
Mechanistic insight of interleukin‐9 induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Chakraborty Sushmita , Schneider Jakob , Mitra Dipendra Kumar , Kubatzky Katharina F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐9 is an emerging player in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases including bone disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Recently, IL‐9 was shown to enhance the osteoclast formation and their function in RA. However, the mechanisms by which IL‐9 influences osteoclastogenesis are not known. Therefore, in this study we aimed to unravel the direct and indirect ways by which IL‐9 can influence osteoclast formation. We used mouse bone marrow precursor cells for checking the effect of IL‐9 on osteoclast differentiation and its function. Next, IL‐9 induced signalling pathway were checked in the process of osteoclastogenesis. T cells play an important role in enhancing osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory conditions. We used splenic T cells to understand the impact of IL‐9 on the functions of T effector (Teff) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, the effect of IL‐9 mediated modulation of the T cell response on osteoclasts was checked using a coculture model of T cells with osteoclast precursors. We showed that IL‐9 enhanced osteoclast formation and its function. We found that IL‐9 activates STAT3, P38 MAPK, ERK1/2, NFκB and we hypothesize that it mediates the effect on osteoclastogenesis by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, IL‐9 was observed to facilitate the functions of pro‐osteoclastogenic IL‐17 producing T cells, but inhibits the function of anti‐osteoclastogenic Treg cells. Our observations suggest that IL‐9 can influence osteoclastogenesis directly by modulating the signalling cascade in the precursor cells; indirectly by enhancing IL‐17 producing T cells and by reducing the functions of Treg cells.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and child weight during the first 2 years of life in an Amazonian birth cohort
Authors: Santos da Silva Lara Lívia , Malta Maíra Barreto , Lourenço Bárbara Hatzlhoffer , Mosquera Paola Soledad , de Araújo Damasceno Ana Alice , Neves Paulo Augusto Ribeiro , Cardoso Marly Augusto ,   for the MINA‐Brazil Working Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn socially vulnerable populations, evidence is needed regarding the role of maternal nutritional status on child weight during the first 2 years of life.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the association of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with offspring BMI‐for‐agez‐scores (BAZs) during the first 2 years of life.MethodsA population‐based birth cohort study was conducted with 900 mother–child pairs. Pre‐pregnancy weight and weight at delivery were collected from medical records, and anthropometric data were measured at birth and at 6‐month, 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐up visits. Linear regression and linear mixed‐effect models assessed associations with pre‐pregnancy BMI, GWG and BAZ during the first 2 years of life.ResultsPre‐pregnancy overweight and obesity and excessive GWG were positively associated with BAZ at birth and at 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up visits. There were no significant additional BAZ changes per year based on the exposures up to age 2 years.ConclusionsElevated maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with a child's higher BAZ at birth, and these differences remained constant throughout the first 2 years of life in Amazonian children. These findings highlight the importance of promoting adequate maternal weight before pregnancy and during prenatal care also in socially vulnerable populations.
Comparison efficacy of ultrasound‐guided HIFU for adenomyosis‐associated dysmenorrhea with different signal intensity on T2‐weighted MR imaging
Authors: Yu Jingwen , Jiang Li , Su Xueyao , Yang Meijie , Yang Chao , Chen Jinyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) in the treatment of adenomyosis with different signal intensity (SI) on T2‐weighted images (T2WI).MethodsA total of 299 adenomyosis patients who underwent HIFU and completed a one‐year follow‐up were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the SI values of adenomyosis relative to myometrium and endometrium on T2WI MRI, the patients were classified into three groups: the hypointense adenomyosis (Hypo‐AM) group, the isointense adenomyosis (Iso‐AM) group, and the hyperintense adenomyosis (Hyper‐AM) group. The non‐perfused volume ratio (NPVr) and relief of dysmenorrhea were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy. Optimal cutpoints (CPs) of NPVr were determined using the postoperative dysmenorrhea score as an anchor. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the relationship between the NPVr and SI.ResultsThe clinical effectiveness rate was significantly lower in the Hyper‐AM group than in the Hypo‐AM and Iso‐AM groups (P < 0.05 for both). The NPVr in the Hypo‐AM and Iso‐AM groups were significantly higher than that in the Hyper‐AM group (P < 0.05 for both). The optimal CP was 54.0% for NPVr. Logistic regression analysis showed that the SI on T2WI was an effect factor for NPVr (P < 0.05), and the probability of NPVr ≥54.0% decreased continuously as the SI of adenomyosis increased.ConclusionsThe NPVr of 54.0% has a clinically significant impact on dysmenorrhea scores in patients. The efficiency of the Hypo‐AM and Iso‐AM was better than that of the Hyper‐AM.
Melatonin mediates elevated carbon dioxide‐induced photosynthesis and thermotolerance in tomato
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Xing Qu‐Fan , Zhou Can‐Yu , Wang Kai‐Xin , Xu Tong , Yang Ping , Qi Zhen‐Yu , Shao Shu‐Jun , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Zhou Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) promotes photosynthesis and mitigates heat stress‐induced deleterious effects on plants, but the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants treated with high atmospheric CO2 concentrations (600, 800, and 1000 µmol mol−1) accumulated increased levels of melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxy tryptamine) in their leaves and this response is conserved across many plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, mustard, cucumber, watermelon, melon, and hot pepper. Elevated CO2 (eCO2; 800 µmol mol−1) caused a 6.8‐fold increase in leaf melatonin content, and eCO2‐induced melatonin biosynthesis preferentially occurred through chloroplast biosynthetic pathways in tomato plants. Crucially, manipulation of endogenous melatonin levels by genetic means affected the eCO2‐induced accumulation of sugar and starch in tomato leaves. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and transcript levels of chloroplast‐ and nuclear‐encoded photosynthetic genes, such as rbcL, rbcS, rbcA, psaD, petB, and atpA, significantly increased in COMT1 overexpressing (COMT1‐OE) tomato plants, but not in melatonin‐deficient comt1 mutants at eCO2 conditions. While eCO2 enhanced plant tolerance to heat stress (42°C) in wild‐type and COMT1‐OE, melatonin deficiency compromised eCO2‐induced thermotolerance in comt1 plants. The expression of heat shock proteins genes increased in COMT1‐OE but not in comt1 plants in response to eCO2 under heat stress. Further analysis revealed that eCO2‐induced thermotolerance was closely linked to the melatonin‐dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species, redox homeostasis, cellular protein protection, and phytohormone metabolism. This study unveiled a crucial mechanism of elevated CO2‐induced thermotolerance in which melatonin acts as an essential endogenous signaling molecule in tomato plants.
Global population genetic structure and lineage differentiation of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Lung , Lu Chia‐Ning , Tzeng Hau‐You , Krafsur Elliot S. , Tu Wu‐Chun , Yeh Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe bloodsucking fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that transmits potential pathogens mechanically. We conduct phylogeographic analyses of S. calcitrans to resolve its global population genetic structure for establishing baseline of molecular studies. Results from mitochondrial gene suggested that the major divergence of S. calcitrans predominantly occurred 0.32–0.47 million years ago (Mya) and the subsequent diversifications took place during 0.13–0.27 Mya. The Ethiopian region was deduced as the most likely origin of S. calcitrans and the Nearctic lineages were considered to have originated from Oriental or Palaearctic regions. Our results further revealed that each biogeographic region of S. calcitrans likely maintains its genetic specialty, and yet, those non‐monophyletic relationships were possibly caused by ancestral retention, dispersal with mammals, long‐distance migration, and the international livestock industries. Moreover, the three highly diverged Ethiopian lineages may be putative cryptic species that require clarification of their veterinary importance. Unravelling the genetic structure of stable fly and preventing gene flow among biogeographic regions through anthropogenic activities are thus pivotal in livestock industry administration, particularly genetic exchange among differentiated lineages that might lead to the consequence of ecological trait alterations.
Muscle biopsy practices in the evaluation of neuromuscular disease: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ross Laura , McKelvie Penny , Reardon Katrina , Wong Huon , Wicks Ian , Day Jessica 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsMuscle biopsy techniques range from needle muscle biopsy (NMB) and conchotome biopsy to open surgical biopsy. It is unknown whether specific biopsy techniques offer superior diagnostic yield or differ in procedural complication rates. Therefore, we aimed to compare the diagnostic utility of NMB, conchotome and open muscle biopsies in the assessment of neuromuscular disorders.MethodsA systematic literature review of the EMBASE and Medline (Ovid) databases was performed to identify original, full‐length research articles that described the muscle biopsy technique used to diagnose neuromuscular disease in both adult and paediatric patient populations. Studies of any design, excluding case reports, were eligible for inclusion. Data pertaining to biopsy technique, biopsy yield and procedural complications were extracted.ResultsSixty‐four studies reporting the yield of a specific muscle biopsy technique and, or procedural complications were identified. Open surgical biopsies provided a larger tissue sample than any type of percutaneous muscle biopsy. Where anaesthetic details were reported, general anaesthesia was required in 60% of studies that reported open surgical biopsies. Percutaneous biopsies were most commonly performed under local anaesthesia and despite the smaller tissue yield, moderate‐ to large‐gauge needle and conchotome muscle biopsies had an equivalent diagnostic utility to that of open surgical muscle biopsy. All types of muscle biopsy procedures were well tolerated with few adverse events and no scarring complications were reported with percutaneous sampling.ConclusionsWhen a histological diagnosis of myopathy is required, moderate‐ to large‐gauge NMB and the conchotome technique appear to have an equivalent diagnostic yield to that of an open surgical biopsy.