bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative effects of observationally constrained tropical upper-level clouds in a radiative-convective equilibrium model
Authors: Kang Hyoji , Choi Yong-Sang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTropical upper-level clouds (TUCs) control the radiation budget in a climate system and strongly influence surface temperatures. This study examines global mean surface temperature changes due to the percent change in TUC cover, which is referred to as the tropical upper-level cloud radiative effect (TUCRE, in units of Kelvin per %). We use a radiative-convective equilibrium model that can control both upper- and lower-level cloud layers separately in three idealized regions (extratropics, tropical moist, and tropical dry regions) and two sub-regions (clear-moist and cloudy-moist regions) within the tropical moist regions. In the simulation, tropical reflectivity based on the TUC fraction assumes a primary role in determining the TUCRE. Accurate estimate of the TUCRE requires careful prescriptions according to actual satellite observations. We use the extent of TUC fraction and reflectivity obtained from 18 years (2003–2020) of satellite data on daily MODIS cloud properties. Our results show that the estimated net TUCRE ranges from 0.19 to 0.33 K/%, with a higher TUC fraction leading to higher temperatures (a warming effect) in the climate system. This means that a longwave TUCRE dominates over a shortwave TUCRE. When upper- and lower-level clouds interplay in the model, the range of the TUCRE was greater with a combination of two cloud layers, although all values were positive. The TUCRE is greater by 0.22 to 0.40 K/% when upper- and lower-level clouds are negatively coupled, because the Earth warms due to a decline in the reflectance of solar radiation. When upper- and lower-level clouds are positively coupled, the TUCRE is lower by 0.14 to 0.30 K/%, as less radiation reaches the Earth through combined cloud layers. Finally, we test the sensitivity of the TUCRE with five TUC fractions and 15 combinations of tropical reflectivity. Comparing our results with the TUCREs estimated from climate models will help us understand how TUC cover affects climate, and should greatly reduce uncertainty associated with cloud feedback.
Recommended rates of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole seem to be environmentally safe but ineffective against target fungi
Authors: Queirós Libânia , Aguiar Nuno , Pereira Patrícia , Gonçalves Fernando J. M. , Alves Artur , Pereira Joana Luísa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of fungicides in agriculture has been playing a role in the enhancement of agricultural yields through the control of pathogens causing serious diseases in crops. Still, adverse environmental and human health effects resulting from its application have been reported. In this study, the possibility of readjusting the formulation of a commercial product combining azoxystrobin and tebuconazole (active ingredients – AIs; Custodia®) towards environmentally safer alternative(s) was investigated. Specifically, the sensitivity of non-target aquatic communities to each AI was first evaluated by applying the Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) approach. Then, mixtures of these AIs were tested in a non-target organism (Raphidocelis subcapitata) denoting sensitivity to both AIs as assessed from SSDs. The resulting data supported the design of the last stage of this study, where mixtures of those AIs at equivalent vs. alternative ratios and rates as in the commercial formulation were tested against two target fungal species: Pyrenophora teres CBS 123929 and Rhynchosporium secalis CBS 110524. The comparison between the sensitivity of non-target aquatic species and the corresponding efficacy towards target fungi revealed that currently applied mixture and rates of these AIs are generally environmentally safe (antagonistic interaction; concentrations below the EC1 for R. subcapitata and generally below the HC5 for aquatic non-target communities), but ineffective against target organisms (maximum levels of inhibition of 70 and 50% in P. teres CBS 123929 and R. secalis CBS 110524, respectively). Results additionally suggest a potentiation of the effects of the AIs by the other formulants added to the commercial product at tested rates. Overall, this study corroborates that commercial products can be optimized during design stages based on a systematic ecotoxicological testing for ingredient interactions and actual efficacy against targets. This could be a valuable pathway to reduce environmental contamination during transition to a more sustainable agricultural production.
Can Primary Care Drive Tuberculosis Elimination? Increasing Latent Tuberculosis Infection Testing and Treatment Initiation at a Community Health Center with a Large Non-U.S.-born Population
Authors: Tang Amy S. , Mochizuki Tessa , Dong Zinnia , Flood Jennifer , Katrak Shereen S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCommunity health centers (CHC) play a key role in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing and treatment. We performed a retrospective analysis of LTBI testing and treatment among pediatric and adult patients at a CHC with a large non-U.S.-born (USB) population during a series of quality improvement (QI) interventions from 2010 to 2019. Among 124,695 patients with primary care visits, 40% of patients were tested for tuberculosis (TB) infection and among those tested, 20% tested positive, including 39% of adults aged 50–79 years. Compared to adults aged 18–49 years, children aged 6–17 had increased odds of LTBI testing and treatment initiation [odds ratio and 95% confidence interval 3.23 (3.10, 3.36) and 1.41 (1.12, 1.79), respectively], while age ≥ 65 was associated with lower odds of both testing and treatment initiation. Over the analysis period, coinciding with unfunded QI interventions intended to reduce barriers to LTBI care, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients receiving LTBI testing for both adults (6% to 47%, p < 0.001) and children (23% to 80%, p < 0.001). During the analysis period, there was also a significant increase in the proportion of patients receiving prescriptions for LTBI treatment, as well as provider use of evidence-based strategies including rifamycin-based treatment. Our study suggests that primary care interventions can reduce barriers to LTBI treatment and drive TB elimination.
Can a police-delivered intervention improve children’ online safety? A cluster randomised controlled trial on the effect of the “ThinkUKnow” programme in primary and secondary Australian schools
Authors: Alderman Tony , Ariel Barak , Harinam Vincent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeOnline abuse of and by children is a global concern. Methods to prevent this phenomenon are diverse; however, less is known about police-led initiatives and their effectiveness in reducing the likelihood of becoming a victim or a perpetrator of cyber abuse among children. Specifically, there are no rigorous tests of the ThinkUKnow programme, to which hundreds of thousands of young people were exposed since 2006.MethodsWe present results from a cluster randomised control trial conducted to evaluate the Australian version of theThinkUKnowprogramme, delivered to students in primary and secondary schools. The programme consists of one face-to-face classroom-based training session delivered by at least one uniformed member of the Australian Federal Police. Post-test surveys among (n = 1954) students were used to estimate the treatment effect.ResultsExposure to the programme significantly improves knowledge about cyber abuse but marginally impacted risk perceptions, engagement with risky behaviours, or willingness to report cyber abuse to adults or others. Treatment participants are more likely to report cyber abuse to the police than control participants. The legitimacy of the police also improves following the intervention among younger but not older students.ConclusionThinkUKnowleads to desirable consequences in some but not all indictors of potentially minimising the risk of cyber abuse to and by children. Replications, preferably with diverse populations and measures of long-term effects of behavioural modifications, are needed.
A comprehensive review of demand side management in distributed grids based on real estate perspectives
Authors: Dahiru Ahmed Tijjani , Daud Dzurllkanian , Tan Chee Wei , Jagun Zainab Toyin , Samsudin Salfarina , Dobi Abdulhakeem Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA major challenge in renewable energy planning and integration with existing systems is the management of intermittence of the resources and customer demand uncertainties that are attributed to climates. In emerging distributed grids, state-of-the-art optimization techniques were used for cost and reliability objectives. In the existing literature, power dispatch and demand side management schemes were implemented for various techno-economic objectives. In renewable energy-based distributed grids, power dispatch is strategic to system operations. However, demand side management is preferred, as it allows more options for customer participation and active management of energy in buildings. Moreover, the demand side management can simply follow supplies. This paper investigates the implications of demand side management as it affects planning and operations in renewable energy-based distributed grids. Integration of demand side management in customer-oriented plans such as the time-of-use and real-time-pricing on residential and commercial demands is conceptualised to ensure effective customer participation which maintains the valued comforts. Moreover, the optimised tariff integrated demand side management implementations based on the utility-initiated demand response programmes are envisaged to offset conflicting objectives of the economy and customer comforts within residential and commercial demands and are also viewed as a step towards efficient management of energy in buildings.
Chatbots im Coaching. Potenziale und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von digitalen Coaching-Begleitern und Assistenten
Authors: Mai Vanessa , Rutschmann Rebecca 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungChatbots gelten als eine maßgebliche technologische Innovation der letzten Jahre, die als digitales Selbst-Coachingtool zunehmend den Coachingbereich erfasst. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungslinien von digitalen Coaching-Begleitern und Assistenten. Es werden Einsatzfelder in Unternehmen, Organisationen und Hochschulen skizziert sowie Potenziale und Herausforderungen von Coaching-Chatbots benannt. Die Konzeption und Entwicklung von Chatbots werden als interdisziplinärer, co-kreativer und iterativer Prozess vorgestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick auf die Zukunft von Chatbots im Coaching.
Microstructure-Sensitive Crystal Plasticity Modeling for Austenitic Steel and Nickel-Based Superalloy Under Isothermal Fatigue Loading
Authors: Shahmardani M. , Hartmaier A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Intermittent mechanical loads combined with high temperatures appear during the operation of turbines in jet engines or in power plants, which can lead to high-temperature fatigue or to thermomechanical fatigue. Since the assessment of fatigue properties is a complex and time-consuming process, it is essential to develop validated material models that are capable of predicting fatigue behavior, thus allowing the extrapolation of experimental results into a broader range of thermomechanical conditions. To accomplish this, two representative volume elements (RVEs), mimicking the typical microstructure of single crystal Ni-based superalloys and polycrystalline austenitic steels, respectively, are introduced. With the help of these RVEs, the temperature and deformation-dependent internal stresses in the microstructure can be taken into account. In the next step, phenomenological crystal plasticity models are implemented and parameterized for cyclic deformation of these two materials. The RVE, constitutive model, and the material parameters for the Ni-based superalloy are taken from a former study. For the austenitic steel, however, an inverse procedure has been used to identify its material parameters based on several isothermal fatigue tests in a wide temperature range. With the identified material parameters, a valid description of the isothermal fatigue behavior at different temperatures is possible. The most important conclusion from the comparison of the isothermal fatigue behavior of the two different materials is that the kinematic hardening, which is responsible for the shape of the hysteresis loops, is entirely described by the internal stresses within the typical microstructure of the Ni-based superalloy, which is modeled in a scale-bridging approach. Hence, no additional terms for kinematic hardening need to be introduced to describe the cyclic plasticity in the superalloy. For the austenitic steel, in contrast, the Ohno–Wang model for kinematic hardening needs to be considered additionally to the internal stresses in the polycrystalline microstructure to obtain a correct description of its cyclic plasticity.
Influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of ballasted bed based on wheelset impact tests
Authors: Liu Juzhen , Du Shuai , Liu Ganzhong , Wang Ping , Chen Rong , Wei Xiankui , Liu Hao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe unsupported sleeper can change the load characteristics of ballast particles and thus affect the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed. In this work, a laboratory test was constructed on a ballasted track containing unsupported sleepers. The ballasted track was excited by a wheelset, and the influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed was studied. The results show that the main frequency of the sleeper vibration appeared at 670 Hz, and the first-order rigid vibration mode at the frequency of 101 Hz had a significant effect on the condition without the unsupported sleeper. When the sleepers were continuously unsupported, the vibration damping effect of ballasted bed within the frequency range of 0–450 Hz was better than that at higher frequencies. Within the frequency range of 70–250 Hz, the vibration damping effect of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers was better than that without the unsupported sleeper. Owing to the excitation from the wheelset impact, the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers whose hanging heights were 30, 60, and 90 mm increased by 37.43%, 12.25%, and 18.23%, respectively, while the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed without the unsupported sleeper remained basically unchanged. The unsupported sleeper could increase the difference in the quality of the ballasted bed between two adjacent sleepers. In addition, test results show that the hanging height of the unsupported sleeper had little effect on the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed without external excitation, but had an obvious effect on the rate of change of the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed and the acceleration amplitude of the sleeper vibration under the wheelset impact.
Circularly Polarized Light-Enabled Chiral Nanomaterials: From Fabrication to Application
Authors: Hao Changlong , Wang Gaoyang , Chen Chen , Xu Jun , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor decades, chiral nanomaterials have been extensively studied because of their extraordinary properties. Chiral nanostructures have attracted a lot of interest because of their potential applications including biosensing, asymmetric catalysis, optical devices, and negative index materials. Circularly polarized light (CPL) is the most attractive source for chirality owing to its high availability, and now it has been used as a chiral source for the preparation of chiral matter. In this review, the recent progress in the field of CPL-enabled chiral nanomaterials is summarized. Firstly, the recent advancements in the fabrication of chiral materials using circularly polarized light are described, focusing on the unique strategies. Secondly, an overview of the potential applications of chiral nanomaterials driven by CPL is provided, with a particular emphasis on biosensing, catalysis, and phototherapy. Finally, a perspective on the challenges in the field of CPL-enabled chiral nanomaterials is given.
Detection and diabetic retinopathy grading using digital retinal images
Authors: Malhi Avleen , Grewal Reaya , Pannu Husanbir Singh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy is an eye disorder that affects people suffering from diabetes. Higher sugar levels in blood leads to damage of blood vessels in eyes and may even cause blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is identified by red spots known as microanuerysms and bright yellow lesions called exudates. It has been observed that early detection of exudates and microaneurysms may save the patient’s vision and this paper proposes a simple and effective technique for diabetic retinopathy. Both publicly available and real time datasets of colored images captured by fundus camera have been used for the empirical analysis. In the proposed work, grading has been done to know the severity of diabetic retinopathy i.e. whether it is mild, moderate or severe using exudates and micro aneurysms in the fundus images. An automated approach that uses image processing, features extraction and machine learning models to predict accurately the presence of the exudates and micro aneurysms which can be used for grading has been proposed. The research is carried out in two segments; one for exudates and another for micro aneurysms. The grading via exudates is done based upon their distance from macula whereas grading via micro aneurysms is done by calculating their count. For grading using exudates, support vector machine and K-Nearest neighbor show the highest accuracy of 92.1% and for grading using micro aneurysms, decision tree shows the highest accuracy of 99.9% in prediction of severity levels of the disease.
Validation of CORE-MD PMS Support Tool: A Novel Strategy for Aggregating Information from Notices of Failures to Support Medical Devices’ Post-Market Surveillance
Authors: Ren Yijun , Bertoldi Michele , Fraser Alan G. , Caiani Enrico Gianluca 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745 defines new rules for the certification and post-market surveillance of medical devices (MD), including an additional review by Expert Panels of clinical evaluation data for high-risk MD if reports and alerts suggest possibly associated increased risks. Within the EU-funded CORE-MD project, our aim was to develop a tool to support such process in which web-accessible safety notices (SN) are automatically retrieved and aggregated based on their specific MD categories and the European Medical Device Nomenclature (EMDN) classification by applying an Entity Resolution (ER) approach to enrich data integrating different sources. The performance of such approach was tested through a pilot study on the Italian data.

Methods
Information relevant to 7622 SN from 2009 to 2021 was retrieved from the Italian Ministry of Health website by Web scraping. For incomplete EMDN data (68%), the MD best match was searched within a list of about 1.5 M MD on the Italian market, using Natural Language Processing techniques and pairwise ER. The performance of this approach was tested on the 2440 SN (32%) already provided with the EMDN code as reference standard.

Results
The implemented ER method was able to correctly assign the correct manufacturer to the MD in each SN in 99% of the cases. Moreover, the correct EMDN code at level 1 was assigned in 2382 SN (97.62%), at level 2 in 2366 SN (96.97%) and at level 3 in 2329 SN (95.45%).

Conclusion
The proposed approach was able to cope with the incompleteness of the publicly available data in the SN. In this way, grouping of SN relevant to a specific MD category/group/type could be used as possible sentinel for increased rates in reported serious incidents in high-risk MD.
Novel multiphase loop reactor with improved aeration prevents excessive foaming in Rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas putida
Authors: von Campenhausen Maximilian , Demling Philipp , Bongartz Patrick , Scheele Alexander , Tiso Till , Wessling Matthias , Blank Lars M. , Jupke Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRhamnolipids are biosurfactants that tend to cause strong foaming, making microbial production in an aerated stirred tank fermenter challenging. The continuous removal of rhamnolipids from the cultivation broth via in situ liquid-liquid extraction can remedy this foam challenge, and thereby supports long-term cultivation and production. However, for efficient processing and stable phase separation, a specialized apparatus is required. In this study, the novel multiphase loop reactor, which is a modified airlift reactor with an internal loop enabling continuous in situ liquid-liquid extraction, was designed and adapted to produce rhamnolipids with a recombinant bacterium, Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The initially designed multiphase loop reactor showed a low oxygen transfer rate, unable to meet the oxygen demand of the whole-cell biocatalyst, resulting in inefficient growth and production. A re-design of the sparger via 3D printing enabled a high oxygen supply allowing rhamnolipid production at key performance indicators that matched stirred-tank reactor cultivations. Advantageously, the multiphase loop reactor allowed stable and constant phase separation and solvent removal enabling continuous cultivation in the future. Concluding, the successful use of the multiphase loop reactor for rhamnolipid synthesis is presented, highlighting its potential to become a new platform technology for intensified bioprocessing.
Spectacularly Large Expansion Coefficients in Müntz’s Theorem
Authors: Trefethen Lloyd N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMüntz’s theorem asserts, for example, that the linear span of the even powers$$1, x^2, x^4,\dots $$1,x2,x4,⋯is dense in$$C([0,1])$$C([0,1]). We show that the associated expansions are so inefficient as to have no conceivable relevance to any actual computation. For example, approximating$$f(x)=x$$f(x)=xto accuracy$$\varepsilon = 10^{-6}$$ε=10-6in this basis requires powers larger than$$x^{280{,}000}$$x280,000and coefficients larger than$$10^{107{,}000}$$10107,000. We present a theorem establishing exponential growth of coefficients with respect to$$1/\varepsilon $$1/ε.