bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P494 FRAILTY INFLUENCE ON PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN POST–CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS CARDIAC REHABILITATION, A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: Villani G , Aschieri D , Bolognesi G , Ferraro S , Pisati M , Rusticali G , Rosi A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a clinically and cost–effective intervention in post–cardiac surgery patients (PCSp). However the influence of patients frailty on clinical and psychological outcomes in these patients are not well–known. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized rehabilitative therapy in PCSp divided using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) in group A (393 low–frail pts, CIRS &lt;3, 230 M, 65±3 yrs) and in a Group B (540 frail pts, CIRS &gt;4, 379 M, 67±10) ) evaluating pre and post–treatment the degree of autonomy recovery (Six–minute walking test SMWT, Barthel Index, BI) and the psychological behaviour (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI–X1, Depression Questionaire QD–R). At admission the comparison between Group A vs B has show: a greater loss autonomy in frail patients (BI scale A 51.7±1 vs B 28.7±14, p 0.005; SMWT A 245±25 m vs B 155±18 m, p 0.005) a greater impairment in psychological characteristics in frail patients (STAI–X1 A 18±9 vs B 20±4 p 0.028, QD/R A 3.6±2 vs B4.4±3 p0.001) At discharge after a similar period of rehabilitation (A 24.7±11.8 days vs B 25.6±10 days, p ns) we observed: a more evident improvement of degree of autonomy recovery in low–frai group ((BI scale A 77.7±18 vs B 67.7±19, p 0.001; SMWT A 485±18 m vs B 341±25m, p 0.001) a similar improvement in anxiety and depression characteristic in both groups (STAI–X1 A 17.8±2 vs B 17.4±4 p ns, QD/R A 3.1±2 vs B 3.4±2 p ns)

Conclusions
In our experience the frailty status does not affect the cardiac rehabilitation in post–cardiac surgery patients in term of ensuring adequate functional recovery (although reduced compared to low–frail patients) but with similar improvement in psychological behaviours.
Problems identification and performance analysis in small hydropower plants in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Roshan , Shrestha Rajendra , Bhattarai Nawraj , Dhakal Rabin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hydropower is powered by water, making it a clean source of energy. It contributes about 17% of worldwide annual energy generation and 90% of national energy generation, out of which 25% of its generation is contributed by small hydropower plants (SHPs). Thus, Nepal is predominantly dependent on a clean source of energy for power generation. In quantitative terms, approximately 70% of hydropower plants in Nepal are SHPs. Unfortunately, there are several bottlenecks to the smooth operation of these plants, viz. run-off-river hydropower with low water flow in dry season, insufficiency of proper guidance monitoring, regularization and inadequate and unfriendly policies. The study is based on primary and secondary data considering the SHPs spreading from eastern to western Nepal. Furthermore, the study follows the multicriteria decision analysis method to generalize the major issues at the sites. Inadequate water flow in the dry season is not the only issue for reduction in power generation; mechanical failure due to lack of monitoring and periodical maintenance is the predominant reason for the reduction in power output. This study discusses the role of reduction in water flow, unavailability of a trained workforce in rural hydropower areas, absence of appropriate equipment monitoring guidelines and inconsistent maintenance in the equipment failure and power production of hydropower plants. Every one in three SHPs has issues with smooth operation in terms of generation capacity, and overall, 50% of SHPs have mechanical issues as the major problem, which concludes the findings of the research.
Analytical Validation of a Laboratory-Developed Lung Nodule Risk Reclassifier Assay
Authors: Vuong Doris Q , Yu Heng , Seger Adam , Carbonell Luis , Wu Alan H B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Lung cancer is often diagnosed in its late stage leading to a poor prognosis. Lung nodules are often described as indeterminate from CT scans resulting in lung biopsies that are invasive and may lead to complications. The need for noninvasive methods to assess malignancy risk in lung nodules is great.

Methods
The lung nodule risk reclassifier assay consists of 7 protein biomarkers: Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Neutrophil Activating Protein-2 (NAP2), Pro-surfactant Protein B (ProSB), Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE), and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Inhibitor 1 (TIMP1) and 6 clinical factors (subject age, smoking pack years, and sex, and lung nodule size, location, and spiculated appearance). The protein biomarker assays comprise a multiplex immunoassay panel printed on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor chips as components of a printed circuit board (PCB) run on the MagArray MR-813 instrument system. The analytical validation consisted of imprecision, accuracy, linearity, limits of blank, and limits of detection studies for each biomarker. Several reagents, as well as PCBs, were used in these studies. The entire validation study also assessed multiple users.

Results
This laboratory-developed test (LDT), using the MagArray platform, meets the manufacturer's specifications for imprecision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, and recovery. Common biological interferents are known to interfere with the detection of each biomarker.

Conclusions
The lung nodule risk reclassifier assay performed as required to be offered as an LDT in the MagArray CLIA-certified laboratory.
Stable potassium isotope distribution in mouse organs and red blood cells: implication for biomarker development
Authors: Cui Meng-Meng , Moynier Frédéric , Su Ben-Xun , Dai Wei , Hu Yan , Rigoussen Dimitri , Mahan Brandon , Le Borgne Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPotassium (K) is an essential electrolyte for cellular functions in living organisms, and disturbances in K+ homeostasis could lead to various chronic diseases (e.g. hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes, and bone health). However, little is known about the natural distribution of stable K isotopes in mammals and their application to investigate bodily homeostasis and/or as biomarkers for diseases. Here, we measured K isotopic compositions (δ41K, per mil deviation of 41K/39K from the NIST SRM 3141a standard) of brain, liver, kidney, and red blood cells (RBCs) from 10 mice (five females and five males) with three different genetic backgrounds. Our results reveal that different organs and RBCs have distinct K isotopic signatures. Specifically, the RBCs have heavy K isotopes enrichment with δ41K ranging from 0.67 to 0.08‰, while the brains show lighter K isotopic compositions with δ41K ranging from −1.13 to −0.09‰ compared to the livers (δ41K = −0.12 ± 0.58‰) and kidneys (δ41K = −0.24 ± 0.57‰). We found that the K isotopic and concentration variability is mostly controlled by the organs, with a minor effect of the genetic background and sex. Our study suggests that the K isotopic composition could be used as a biomarker for changes in K+ homeostasis and related diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
A Bandleader’s Beginnings
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Duke Ellington helped Webb get his first job as a bandleader, at a speakeasy in midtown, which led to other similar short-term jobs, as many of these clubs were raided and closed down. In February 1927, Chick Webb and His Harlem Stompers played at the Savoy Ballroom for the first time. Fess Williams and His Royal Flush Orchestra had been the Savoy’s leading resident band since it opened in March 1926. Webb’s band included saxophonist Johnny Hodges, who would go on to become one of Duke Ellington’s star soloists. In May 1927, the Savoy presented its first “Band Battle,” featuring bands led by Fletcher Henderson, King Oliver, Fess Williams, and Chick Webb, and Webb’s band got its first rave review in the Black press. Webb joined Local 802, the largest musicians’ local union in the world, and was soon called out by Local 802’s Governing Board for failing to file weekly reports. Though the Harlem Stompers were gaining a following in Harlem, Webb and his bandmates still scuffled for every dollar, while Henderson’s was among the best-paid Black band in New York City. In summer and fall of 1927, Chick Webb and His Harlem Stompers were a hit whenever they appeared at the Savoy.
A Bandleader’s Rise
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Webb’s band had a full calendar through the early months of 1933, at the Lafayette, Connie’s Inn, and the Savoy Ballroom, where they were now the resident band. Webb expanded the band and hired important sidemen, including saxophonist/arranger Edgar Sampson, trumpet player Mario Bauza, and bassist John Kirby. Sampson crafted scores for Webb’s band, including “Let’s Get Together,” “Savoy,” and “Don’t Be That Way” that became classic Swing Era anthems. Later on Bauza became a pioneer in Afro-Cuban jazz. Webb and other bands started playing for many Depression-era and political benefits at the Savoy, for hunger and unemployment relief, and for the Scottsboro Boys Dense Fund. Webb landed a recording contract with a new label, Decca, and a radio contract with NBC. The band’s steady radio presence in New York expanded Webb’s visibility and popularity. In spring 1934, Moe Gale and Charles Buchanan hired two people to make Webb’s band more of a show business attraction: comedian and showman Bardu Ali as M.C. and conductor, and Charles Linton, a suave handsome vocalist.
The Last Grooves
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In 1938 though spring of 1939, Webb’s band was on the road almost constantly, on one-nighters through the South and Midwest. In New York in August 1938, Webb’s band debuted at the Paramount Theater, a breakthrough engagement even for top Black bands. “Chick Webb and His Famous Orchestra, Featuring Ella Fitzgerald” was lit up on the theater’s huge marquis in Times Square. By this time, Webb and saxophonist/vocalist Louis Jordan did not get along, and Jordan left in early summer. Mario Bauza left after demanding more money for himself and the sidemen, knowing that Moe Gale’s agency was taking a good percentage of the band’s box office earnings. Webb was admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital a few times for rest and treatment, with Dr. Ralph J. Young still his personal physician. Meanwhile, Webb and his band kept breaking through the “color line” at prestigious venues, including a long engagement at Manhattan’s Park Central Hotel. In March 1939, they were back at the Paramount, and attended the groundbreaking ceremony for the Savoy Pavilion for the 1939 World’s Fair. In April and May, the band went back and forth to Boston to play at the Southland Cafe, where the band’s radio broadcasts show how powerfully Webb still played, even as his health was failing. In New York City in late May 1939, the band gave what would be their last performances at the Savoy Ballroom and the Apollo Theater.
Overview of the Journal Article
Authors: Robinson Marin S. , Stoller Fredricka L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the journal article, a paper suitable for submission to a refereed chemistry journal. It describes some defining characteristics of journal articles while emphasizing concise writing and organization. The major purpose for writing a chemistry journal article is to share the results of original research with other chemists. The primary audience for a journal article is an expert one; readers are typically well educated and highly experienced in the subfield of chemistry addressed in the article. Chemistry readers (experts and non-experts alike) want crisp, clean sentences that say what needs to be said and no more. As such, concise writing is important in every section of the journal article. In general, journal articles are divided into four major sections. These sections have the familiar names: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Collectively, this organizational structure is referred to as the IMRD format, which promotes targeted reading.
Writing the Outcomes and Impacts Section
Authors: Robinson Marin S. , Stoller Fredricka L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the Outcomes and Impacts section of the research proposal. Proposal guidelines generally instruct authors to conclude with expected outcomes and statements that describe the significance and relevance of these outcomes. Some National Science Foundation (NSF) proposals specifically ask applicants to address the intellectual merit and broader impacts of the proposed work. The chapter considers examples of expected outcomes and related project timelines. When authors are writing their expected outcomes, it is important to be careful not to promise something they cannot deliver. Hedging language can be quite useful in some instances. The intellectual merit of a proposal is often judged by three Cs: Is it creative? Is it credible? Does it contribute to new knowledge?
Rewriting Scripture
Authors: Elledge C.D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study of noncanonical literature opens expansive perspectives into the arts and agendas of ancient scriptural interpreters. Throughout the Apocrypha (Deuterocanonical Books), Pseudepigrapha, Dead Sea Scrolls, and other writings, Israel’s earlier traditions were intensively reinterpreted and given new expression. In the process of reinterpreting earlier tradition, entirely new “rewritten scriptures” were also produced, including Jubilees and the Book of Biblical Antiquities. These two writings reveal the extensive interpretive lore that guided scriptural interpretation during the era of Christian origins. As illustrated in the scriptural argumentation of Paul, the book of Hebrews, and other writings, the authors of the New Testament were strongly influenced by the techniques and popular interpretive traditions of their early Jewish contexts.
Introduction
Authors: Dutton William H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The introduction focuses on how the internet and related digital media, information, and communication technologies can lead to power shifts. It explains how technological change in networking can reconfigure access to information and people in ways they affect such critical factors as what people know as well as whom they know. By reconfiguring access to information and people, digital media create the potential for shifts in the informational or communicative power of networked individuals. The chapter describes these conceptions of power and associated power shifts and approaches to their study over the history of computing and the internet. These power shifts occur within a larger ecosystem of hybrid socio-technical media or assemblages that are behind network power shifts. The introduction provides an overview of related literature on the Fifth Estate, introduces the big questions that surround power shifts and the rise of the Fifth Estate, and outlines the chapters that follow.
The Idea and Evidence of a Fifth Estate
Authors: Dutton William H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The idea and evidence of a Fifth Estate emerged from field research and a wide range of examples from everyday life as well as once-in-a-lifetime events. It is an inherently realistic perspective as it is a theory based on inductive reasoning rather than a hopeful vision. To convey the potential of networked individuals and the Fifth Estate, this chapter presents selected examples ranging from a climate activist to a whistleblower along with cases from everyday life. The chapter explains the differences between networked individuals and networked institutions and the strategies that enable individuals to source and network in ways that enhance their communicative and informational power. Examples make the concept of a Fifth Estate more concrete and demonstrate how it is likely to be as significant as the Fourth Estate of the press by enhancing pluralistic accountability in liberal democratic states. The networked individual of the Fifth Estate provides an ideal type that helps delineate Fifth Estate actors from other actors in cyberspace, from institutions to malicious users.
Fifth Estate Theories of Distributed and Network Power
Authors: Dutton William H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fifth Estate theories of distributed and network power contribute to traditional theories of the estates as well as more contemporary political perspectives on the separation of powers, distribution of powers, and pluralism. A description of the origins of early theoretical conceptions of the Fourth Estate of the press provides a foundation for differentiating the Fifth Estate and seeing its role in contemporary pluralist theories of democracy. The origins of these estates are from the perspective of a preindustrial society, but they can be theoretically transported into the digital age to offer an innovative perspective on the network power shifts of the digital age. A discussion of the critics of the Fifth Estate, including those tied to the other four estates, illuminates how it is distinct from, and not part of, other estates, institutions, and actors in the internet realm.
Searching
Authors: Dutton William H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Searching provides a means for networked individuals to more independently source information. The rising use of search engines helped identify the importance internet users placed on sourcing their own information in the space of flows rather than being dependent on institutions, like governments or libraries, that are geographically local. By looking at how people find information online from diverse sources and check its veracity, you can see how individuals avoid being trapped in local networks, misinformation, filter bubbles, or echo chambers. These empirical findings demonstrate the value of focusing on patterns of internet use, rather than extrapolating impacts based on features of the technology, such as search algorithms. Search enables individuals to access tools equivalent to those used by scholars, journalists, public officials, and intellectuals. Networked individuals are less dependent on government, the press, or any single authority telling them what to read or believe. It enables individuals to challenge or confirm their own views and be exposed to more diverse views.
A Power Shift for Democracy and Society
Authors: Dutton William H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A network power shift for democracy and society results when strategies of networked individuals of the Fifth Estate come into play in a particular context. This chapter illustrates the role of the Fifth Estate as a new network power in political processes—making political accountability more distributed and pluralistic in contexts where there is a critical mass of users. The Fifth Estate is arguably a gift to democracy but distinctly different from institutional initiatives, such as e-government and e-democracy innovations aimed at reinforcing the role of existing institutions by better digital engagement with the public. Fifth Estate innovations in governance and politics are initiated by individuals and less dependent on existing institutions for their influence, in simple ways such as when individuals tweet about televised debates or when public comments are aggregated to find areas of consensus using Polis. At times, this network power can be influential in autocratic as well as liberal democratic regimes. However, politics is only one of many arenas of society—from newsrooms to the living room—in which the Fifth Estate can shape outcomes for politics and society by empowering networked individuals that use the internet strategically.
The Future of the Fifth Estate
Authors: Dutton William H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As the next billion internet users come online, the future of the Fifth Estate is promising. Despite the challenges that need to be addressed in a global cycle of distrust in technology and institutions, the Fifth Estate has already offered an empirically grounded perspective on network power shifts. They are enabling democratic institutions, governments, the press and media, and business and industry to be more pluralistic, transparent, and accountable across all sectors of society. However, the Fifth Estate is not indestructible. The chapter therefore ends with perspectives on how to address threats to the Fifth Estate, such as through more decentralized user-centric initiatives around cybersecurity that can complement and possibly diminish an overreliance on more top-down media-centric regulations that could undermine privacy and freedom of expression. The chapter concludes with a call for protecting and tracking the vitality of the Fifth Estate as one barometer of the health of liberal democratic institutions and processes in the digital age. Increasing education and awareness of this network power shift at all levels should help build and protect the Fifth Estate and foster the transparency, knowledge, and accountability it will bring to politics and society.
Patents and Trade Secrets
Authors: Bently Lionel , Aplin Tanya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how patents and trade secrecy represent alternative legal mechanisms for the protection of the results of innovative technical research. Patents provide the holder with a term of absolute exclusivity over the use of the claimed innovation, while trade secrecy offers more informal means of protection. The chapter covers the issues of overlap between patents and trade secrecy, which presents an assumption that there is a choice between two regimes. The court often views the two regimes as complementary with the willingness to recognize that most pre-patenting uses of confidentiality and trade secrecy should not jeopardize patenting. The chapter then explicates how international intellectual property obligations recognize the parallel roles for confidentiality or trade secrecy and patents. It elaborates on how trade secrecy and patents can be deployed.
Overlaps Between Copyright, Rights of Publicity, and Personality Rights
Authors: Ochoa Tyler T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the overlapping features of copyright, rights of publicity, and personality rights. It also looks into the difference in the enactment of the laws in the UK, the US, and the EU that balance personality rights with copyrights and freedom of expression. Even though personality rights and freedom of expression are both considered basic rights in European countries, the European Court of Human Rights allows individual countries to strike their balance under the due consideration of the people involved. In the US, copyright pre-empts the right of publicity in cases that merely involve the reproduction of a copyrighted work, which would typically outweigh in cases of advertising and merchandising. On the other hand, the UK is more lenient on merchandising uses and media usage, unless the celebrity has a reasonable expectation of privacy.