bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Response to Rescue Therapy in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Li Wai Suen Christopher F D , Seah Dean , Choy Matthew C , De Cruz Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency for which colectomy is required in patients who do not respond to rescue therapy. While previous studies have predominantly focused on predicting outcome to first-line corticosteroid therapy, there is a need to understand the factors associated with response to rescue therapies in order to improve clinical outcomes. We reviewed the evidence regarding factors associated with response to rescue therapy in adults with ASUC and identified future directions for research.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted, and 2 reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion.

Results
Of 3509 records screened, 101 completed studies were eligible for inclusion. We identified 42 clinical, hematological, biochemical, endoscopic, or pharmacological factors associated with response to rescue therapy. Older age (≥50 years), thiopurine experience, and cytomegalovirus or Clostridioides difficile infection were associated with a higher risk of nonresponse to rescue therapy. Biochemical factors associated with poorer response included an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥30mg/L on admission, hypoalbuminemia and an elevated ratio of CRP to albumin. Severe endoscopic findings, including a Mayo endoscopic score of 3 or Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity ≥5, portended poorer outcomes. The role of fecal calprotectin and therapeutic value of measuring infliximab drug levels in ASUC remain to be defined.

Conclusions
Response to rescue therapy can be predicted by several specific factors, which would aid clinical decision-making. Existing and emerging factors should be integrated within predictive and prognostic models to help improve clinical outcomes.
Implementation Behaviours and a Strength-Based Approach to Equality and Human Rights Implementation
Authors: Barrett David 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The introduction of the Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED) and the Human Rights Act were intended to establish an equality and human rights culture within public authorities. However, so far this culture has failed to take hold. Both utilise an enforcement pyramid model of regulation, where penalties increasingly progress until non-compliers comply. Using original empirical data this article explores the implementation of equality and human rights law within public authorities via semi-structured interviews. It finds three different implementation profiles: strong implementation (where individuals make the most of the resources they have and drive ever deeper implementation), mixed implementation (where individuals oscillate between deeper and perfunctory implementation), and weak implementation (where individuals avoid taking meaningful action due to feeling overwhelmed and in need of rescue). On the basis of these behaviours, it is argued that an alternative strength-based model of regulation is needed to supplement the enforcement pyramid and truly establish an equality and human rights culture within public authorities.
Simultaneous Determination of Estradiol Cypionate and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Hormones in Injectable Suspension by UV Spectrophotometry Based on Least-Squares Support Vector Machine and Fuzzy Inference System: Comparison with HPLC
Authors: Valizadeh Maryam , Ameri Braki Zahra , Smiley Erfan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The combination of estradiol cypionate (ECA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used to prevent pregnancy in women. The analysis of the ECA and MPA combination reveals a challenge due to the strong overlap of the spectra of these compounds.

Objective
Spectrophotometry techniques along with chemometrics methods are simple, fast, precise, and low-cost for the simultaneous determination of ECA and MPA in a combined pharmaceutical dosage form.

Methods
Two developed approaches, the least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and fuzzy inference system (FIS), along with a spectrophotometric method were proposed to solve such a challenging overlap.

Results
Based on the cross-validation method, the regularization parameter (γ) and width of the function (σ) in the LSSVM model were optimized and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were found to be 0.3957 and 0.2839 for ECA and MDA, respectively. The mean recovery values were 99.87 and 99.63% for ECA and MDA, respectively. The FIS coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) showed mean recovery percentages equal to 99.05 and 99.50% for ECA and MDA, respectively. Also, the RMSE of both components was lower than 0.3.

Conclusion
The analysis results of a real sample (injection suspension) using the proposed methods were compared with HPLC by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and no significant differences were found in the results.

Highlights
Intelligent methods were proposed for the simultaneous determination of ECA and MPA. The least-squares support vector machine and fuzzy inference system along with spectrophotometry were used. HPLC as a reference method was performed and compared with chemometrics methods. The benefits of the proposed approaches are that they are rapid, simple, low-cost, and accurate.
What Evidence for a Cholera Vaccine? Jaime Ferrán’s Submissions to the Prix Bréant
Authors: Uzcanga Clara , Teira David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article analyses how the French Academy of Sciences assessed Jaime Ferrán’s cholera vaccine submitted for the Prix Bréant in the 1880s. Ferrán, a Spanish independent physician, discovered the treatment in 1884 and tried it on thousands of patients during the cholera outbreak in Valencia the following year. His evaluation sparked a controversy in Spain and abroad on the vaccine’s efficacy. The Bréant jury did not see any evidence for it in Ferrán’s submission, a decision usually interpreted in terms of French scientific nationalism (or simple chauvinism): an outsider from the scientific periphery could not be awarded the Bréant. Drawing on the archival records of the award, we suggest that Ferrán failed instead to provide data that the Academy could consider unbiased, according to the contemporary standards for data presentation. We will illustrate these standards at work in the assessment of another submission from Spain, by Philip Hauser, who received the Bréant for the thoroughness of his statistical endeavour.
The maize transcription factor CCT regulates drought tolerance by interacting with Fra a 1, E3 ligase WIPF2, and auxin response factor Aux/IAA8
Authors: Zhang Zhaoheng , Qu Jiayue , Lu Min , Zhao Xinyu , Xu Yang , Wang Li , Liu Zhongjia , Shi Yingying , Liu Chaotian , Li Yipu , Wang Chao , Xu Mingliang , Nan Zhangjie , Cao Qingqin , Pan Jinbao , Liu Wende , Li Xinrui , Sun Qingpeng , Wang Weixiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plants are commonly exposed to abiotic stressors, which can affect their growth, productivity, and quality. Previously, the maize transcription factor ZmCCT was shown to be involved in the photoperiod response, delayed flowering, and quantitative resistance to Gibberella stalk rot. In this study, we demonstrate that ZmCCT can regulate plant responses to drought. ZmCCT physically interacted with ZmFra a 1, ZmWIPF2, and ZmAux/IAA8, which localized to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo in a yeast two-hybrid screen in response to abiotic stress. Notably, ZmCCT recruits ZmWIPF2 to the nucleus, which has strong E3 self-ubiquitination activity dependent on its RING-H2 finger domain in vitro. When treated with higher indole-3-acetic acid/abscisic acid ratios, the height and root length of Y331-ΔTE maize plants increased. Y331-ΔTE plants exhibited increased responses to exogenously applied auxin or ABA compared to Y331 plants, indicating that ZmCCT may be a negative regulator of ABA signalling in maize. In vivo, ZmCCT promoted indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in ZmCCT-overexpressing Arabidopsis. RNA-sequencing and DNA affinity purification-sequencing analyses showed that ZmCCT can regulate the expression of ZmRD17, ZmAFP3, ZmPP2C, and ZmARR16 under drought. Our findings provide a detailed overview of the molecular mechanism controlling ZmCCT functions and highlight that ZmCCT has multiple roles in promoting abiotic stress tolerance.
Analysis of the features of 105 confirmed CRISPR loci in 487 Klebsiella variicola
Authors: Xi Yanyan , Zhao Jiaxue , Zhang Jiangfeng , Jin Yuefei , Yang Haiyan , Duan Guangcai , Chen Shuaiyin , Long Jinzhao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Klebsiella variicola, an emerging human pathogen, poses a threat to public health. The horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of plasmids is an important driver of the emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant K. variicola. Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) coupled with CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR/Cas) constitute an adaptive immune system in bacteria, and can provide acquired immunity against HGT. However, the information about the CRISPR/Cas system in K. variicola is still limited. In this study, 487 genomes of K. variicola obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were used to analyze the characteristics of CRISPR/Cas systems. Approximately 21.56% of genomes (105/487) harbor at least one confirmed CRISPR array. Three types of CRISPR/Cas systems, namely the type I-E, I-E*, and IV-A systems, were identified among 105 strains. Spacer origin analysis further revealed that approximately one-third of spacers significantly match plasmids or phages, which demonstrates the implication of CRISPR/Cas systems in controlling HGT. Moreover, spacers in K. variicola tend to target mobile genetic elements from K. pneumoniae. This finding provides new evidence of the interaction of K. variicola and K. pneumoniae during their evolution. Collectively, our results provide valuable insights into the role of CRISPR/Cas systems in K. variicola.
POSSESSION AND CONSUMPTION: CLARICE LISPECTOR AND THE ETHICS OF MYSTICISM
Authors: Denne Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many critics have called Clarice Lispector a mystic. Lispector, however, was not a religious figure, but rather a 20th-century Brazilian writer who was influenced by both her Jewish background and her Catholic Brazilian context. There are various forms of Jewish and Christian mysticism that reject transcendent union with God and, by referencing them, I elucidate the complexity of Lispector’s mystical fiction. By looking at challenges to mystical union in these traditions, I aim to show the ethical complexity of this concept and how that complexity is deepened through Lispector’s writing as she problematises blurred boundaries between self and Other.
First light and reionization epoch simulations (FLARES) IX: the physical mechanisms driving compact galaxy formation and evolution
Authors: Roper William J , Lovell Christopher C , Vijayan Aswin P , Irodotou Dimitrios , Kuusisto Jussi K , Matharu Jasleen , Seeyave Louise T C , Thomas Peter A , Wilkins Stephen M 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In the First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (Flares) suite of hydrodynamical simulations, we find the high-redshift (z &gt; 5) intrinsic size–luminosity relation is, surprisingly, negatively sloped. However, after including the effects of dust attenuation, we find a positively sloped UV observed size–luminosity relation in good agreement with other simulated and observational studies. In this work, we extend this analysis to probe the underlying physical mechanisms driving the formation and evolution of the compact galaxies driving the negative size–mass/size–luminosity relation. We find the majority of compact galaxies (R1/2, ⋆ &lt; 1 pkpc, which drive the negative slope of the size–mass relation, have transitioned from extended to compact sizes via efficient centralized cooling, resulting in high specific star formation rates in their cores. These compact stellar systems are enshrouded by non-star-forming gas distributions as much as 100 times larger than their stellar counterparts. By comparing with galaxies from the Eagle simulation suite, we find that these extended gas distributions ‘turn on’ and begin to form stars between z = 5 and 0 leading to increasing sizes, and thus the evolution of the size–mass relation from a negative to a positive slope. This explicitly demonstrates the process of inside-out galaxy formation in which compact bulges form earlier than the surrounding discs.
Collisional excitation of C2H and C2D by molecular hydrogen
Authors: Pirlot Jankowiak P , Lique F , Dagdigian P J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The determination of physical conditions in interstellar clouds requires reliable estimation of radiative and collisional data for molecules detected in space. In this work, rate coefficients for de-excitation of C2H and C2D induced by collisions with both ortho- and para-H2 are presented. Calculations have been carried out using a recently published four-dimensional C2H–H2 potential energy surface. Fine-structure resolved cross-sections were computed with the time-independent close-coupling approach. We report cross-sections for transitions between the first 41 levels of C2H and corresponding rate coefficients up to 500 K. We also computed cross-sections for transitions between the first 31 levels of C2D and corresponding rate coefficients up to 200 K. Then, hyperfine structure resolved cross-sections and rate coefficients were computed using the recoupling technique. The hyperfine structure resolved rate coefficients for C2H–H2 and C2D–H2 are calculated for the first 38 hyperfine C2H energy levels and first 55 hyperfine C2D energy levels both for temperatures up to 100 K. These collisional data were used in a simple radiative transfer modelling.
Optical sparse telescope arrays and scintillation noise
Authors: Hartley Kathryn E , Farley Oliver J D , Townson Matthew J , Osborn James , Wilson Richard W 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Fresnel propagation of starlight after it passes through high altitude turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere results in random fluctuations of the intensity at ground level, known as scintillation. This effect adds random noise to photometric measurements with ground-based optical telescopes. Spatial correlation of the intensity fluctuations means that the fractional photometric noise due to scintillation may be substantially smaller for a sparse array of small aperture telescopes than for a single large aperture of the same total area. Assuming that the photometric noise for each telescope is independent, averaging the light curves measured by N telescopes reduces the noise by a factor of $\sqrt{N}$. For example, for bright stars, the signal-to-noise ratio of a 2.54 m telescope can be achieved for an array of thirty 20 cm telescopes if the scintillation noise measured for each telescope is uncorrelated. In this paper, we present results from simulation and from observations at the Isaac Newton Telescope. These explore the impact that several parameters have on the measured correlation of the scintillation noise between neighbouring telescopes. We show that there is significant correlation between neighbouring telescopes with separations parallel to the wind direction of the dominant high altitude turbulent layer. We find that the telescopes in an array should be separated by at least twice their aperture diameter so that there is negligible correlation of the photometric noise. We discuss additional benefits of using sparse telescope arrays, including reduced cost and increased field of view.
Flux density monitoring of 89 millisecond pulsars with MeerKAT
Authors: Gitika P , Bailes M , Shannon R M , Reardon D J , Cameron A D , Shamohammadi M , Miles M T , Flynn C M L , Corongiu A , Kramer M 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a flux density study of 89 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) regularly monitored as part of the MeerKAT Pulsar Timing Array (MPTA) using the L-Band receiver with an approximately two week cadence between 2019 and 2022. For each pulsar, we have determined the mean flux densities at each epoch in eight ∼97 MHz sub-bands ranging from 944 to 1625 MHz. From these we have derived their modulation indices, their average and peak-to-median flux densities in each sub-band, as well as their mean spectral indices across the entire frequency range. We find that the vast majority of the MSPs have spectra that are well described by a simple power law, with a mean spectral index of –1.86(6). Using the temporal variation of the flux densities, we measured the structure functions and determined the refractive scintillation time-scale for seven. The structure functions provide strong evidence that the intrinsic radio luminosities of MSPs are stable. As a population, the average modulation index at 20 cm wavelengths peaks near unity at dispersion measures (DMs) of ∼20 pc cm−3 and by a DM of 100 pc cm−3 are closer to 0.2, due to refractive scintillation. We find that timing arrays can improve their observing efficiency by reacting to scintillation maxima, and that 20 cm FRB surveys should prioritize highly scintillating mid-latitude regions of the Galactic sky where they will find ∼30 per cent more events and bursts at greater distances.
Spectral study of neutron star low-mass X-ray binary source 1A 1744−361
Authors: Tobrej Mohammed , Rai Binay , Ghising Manoj , Tamang Ruchi , Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present X-ray observations of the recent outburst of 2022 from the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary source 1A 1744−361. Spectral properties of the source have been analysed using joint Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer observations. During our observations, the source happens to be in the banana state (soft state) of the hardness–intensity diagram. In addition to a power law with a high-energy cut-off, the spectrum is found to exhibit broad iron Kα emission along with distinct absorption features. A prominent absorption feature observed at 6.92 keV may be interpreted as Kα absorption line from hydrogen-like iron. The absorption feature observed at 7.98 keV may be interpreted as a blend of Fe xxv and Ni xxvii transitions. We have summarized the evidence of variability of the spectral features observed in the X-ray continuum by time-resolved spectroscopy.
Temperature-dependent convective parameters for RRc 1D models
Authors: Kovács Gábor B , Nuspl János , Szabó Róbert 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Non-linear pulsation modelling of classical variable stars is among the first topics that were developed at the beginning of the computational era. Various developments were made, and many questions were answered in the past 60 yr, and the models became more complex, describing the genuinely 3D convection in a single dimension. Despite its successes, the recent public availability of the mesa radial stellar pulsations (mesa rsp) module and the emerging results from multidimensional codes made clear that the eight free convective parameters, unique to these models, together with the underlying physical models need calibration. This could be done by comparing them against multidimensional codes, but before that, it is important to scrutinize the free parameters of the 1D codes using observations. This is a follow-up work of our previous calibration on the convective parameters of the budapest-florida and mesa rsp pulsation codes for RRab stars. In this letter, we extend the previous calibration to the RRc stars and the RR Lyrae stars in general. We found that correlations of some of the parameters are present in RRc stars as well but have a different nature, while high-temperature RRc stars’ pulsation properties are very sensitive to the chosen parameter sets.
IMAGING HABITAT CHANGES AFTER PREOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY FOR GLIOBLASTOMA: UTILISATION OF A BIOINFORMATICS AND MACHINE LEARNING PIPELINE TO CHARACTERISE REGIONAL TREATMENT RESPONSE
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Van-Houdt Petra , Hessen Eline , Lewis Daniel , Li Ka-loh , Zhu Xiaoping , Jackson Alan , Iqbal Mudassar , Roncaroli Federico , Djoukhadar Ibrahim , Coope David , Borst Gerben 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

AIMS
Imaging of tumour habitats is a novel technique to assess regional treatment response by defining tumour ‘habitats’, which are regions with shared imaging characteristics. Here, we describe a novel pipeline to characterise imaging habitats in glioblastoma using bioinformatics and machine learning. We apply this pipeline to glioblastoma patients in the Preoperative Brain Irradiation in Glioblastoma (POBIG) trial that received preoperative radiotherapy for the first time.

METHOD
Glioblastoma patients underwent preoperative diffusion/perfusion MRI. A two- stage clustering pipeline was developed to define imaging habitats using relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and apparent diffusion co- effcient (ADC). 6 habitats were defined that occupied 10.6-21.5% of tumour volume. Treatment response was evaluated using Ktrans permeability.

RESULTS
In newly diagnosed cases the commonest habitats included those with a medium and high rCBV. In contrast, recurrent cases had significantly greater proportion of low rCBV habitats (p = 0.026). Two patients in the POBIG trial received 8 Gy preoperative radiotherapy. Within 24 hours of treatment there was a global decrease in vascularity with a decrease in high rCBV habitats (-3.7%) and increase in low rCBV habitats (+8.2%) in irradiated regions. Habitats demonstrated a heterogeneous response to preoperative radiotherapy, with a greater increase in Ktrans in high rCBV habitats (mean +83%) versus low rCBV habitats (mean +40%).

CONCLUSIONS
We have developed a unique pipeline to delineate imaging habitats in glioblastoma and applied it to a novel trial. Imaging habitats can allow regional monitoring of treatment response and could allow more targeted treatment in future.
LONGITUDINAL WGS AND WES OF GLIOBLASTOMA REVEAL POTENTIAL PATHWAY TARGETS
Authors: Alghamdi Yousef , Tanner Georgette , Finetti Martina , Pollock Steven , Chakrabarty Aruna , Ismail Azzam , Poulter James , Stead Lucy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

AIMS
Treating glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains challenging as the current regimens result in the recurrence of a treatment-resistant and fatal tumour. We aimed to identify candidate pathways that, when mutated, confer treatment resistance. Targeting these pathways may improve GBM treatment effcacy.

METHOD
We performed WGS and WES on 46 matched primary and recurrent GBMs (the Discovery cohort) and used data from additional 188 samples from the Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS consortium (GLASS: Validation cohort). First, we identified variants that were shared between primary and recurrent GBMs. We then highlighted those most likely to be involved in treatment resistance, i.e. with: 1) low allele fractions at primary and high in recurrent, 2) high allele fractions in both primary and recurrent. Finally, we performed enrichment analysis using these variants to identify pathways that may drive clonal expansion from primary to recurrent.

RESULTS
The analysis of variants that increased from primary to recurrent revealed three significant disrupted path- ways in the Discovery cohort; “Activation of BH3 Only Proteins” (Reactome), “P53 pathway” (BIOCARTA), and “Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis” (REACTOME). Six distinct genes caused the aberration of these pathways. The same pathways were significantly disrupted in the recurrent variants group of the Validation cohort but were solely caused by TP53 alterations. In the Discovery cohort, “Activation of BH3 Only Proteins” was altered in 24% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Investigating how pathway mutations alter in GBM through treatment has led to identifying potential candidate mechanisms to be further studied in the laboratory.