bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of conjunctival exuberant granulation tissue in a pony
Authors: Bessonnat Amandine , Benoit‐Biancamano Marie‐Odile , Vanore Maria 
Published: January 2023

SummaryA 22‐year‐old pony mare was presented at the Equine Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with a pedunculated exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) located at the lateral bulbar conjunctiva of the right eye. The granulation tissue, diagnosed by histology, grew over three and a half weeks after a superior and inferior Gundersen inlay flap procedure. The pony's underlying ocular pathology was diffuse corneal oedema, suspected to be related to immune‐mediated keratitis affecting the endothelium. Despite several surgical resections, topical corticosteroid treatment, intralesional injection of methylprednisolone acetate and electrosurgical cauterisation, the combination of a ligature at the peduncle base of the mass, intralesional injection of methylprednisolone acetate and removal of the facemask seemed to be the most efficient treatment. The mass did not recur after 33 months of follow‐up. Similar healing tissue has been reported, secondary to surgical ophthalmic procedures in human medicine, in which it is called a conjunctival pyogenic granuloma (CPG).
Changes in equine intestinal stem/progenitor cell number at resection margins in cases of small intestinal strangulation
Authors: Veerasammy Brittany , Gonzalez Gabriel , Báez‐Ramos Patricia , Schaaf Cecilia R. , Stewart Amy Stieler , Ludwig Elsa K. , McKinney‐Aguirre Caroline , Freund John , Robertson James , Gonzalez Liara M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal epithelial stem cells (ISC) are responsible for epithelial regeneration and are critical to the intestine's ability to regain barrier function following injury. Evaluating ISC biomarker expression in cases of small intestinal strangulation (SIS) may provide insight into clinical progression.ObjectivesIntestinal resection margins from cases of SIS were evaluated to determine if (1) evidence of injury could be identified using histomorphometry, (2) ISC biomarker expression was decreased in the proximal resection margin compared to control and distal resection margin, and (3) the ISC biomarker expression was associated with the number of preoperative risk factors negatively related to outcome, post‐operative complications, or case outcome.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsIntestinal samples were obtained intraoperatively from resection margins of adult horses with SIS and horses euthanised for reasons unrelated to colic. Preoperative risk factors negatively related to outcome, post‐operative complications, and case outcome were obtained from medical records. Horses were grouped as euthanised intraoperatively, postoperatively, or survived to discharge. Histomorphometry and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate tissue architecture and ISC and progenitor cell number. Groups were compared using one‐way ANOVA. Associations between biomarker expression and the number of preoperative risk factors and post‐operative complications negatively related to outcome were determined using linear regression modelling.ResultsThirty‐six cases of SIS were evaluated. Ki67+ cell counts were decreased in the proximal (mean = 15.45 cells; 95% CI = 10.27–20.63; SD = 4.17; p = 0.02) and distal resection margins (mean = 15.05; 95% CI = 8.46–21.64; SD = 4.141; p = 0.03) in horses euthanised postoperatively compared to control (mean = 23.62 cells; 95% CI = 19.42–27.83; SD = 5.883). In the distal resection margin, an increase in SOX9+Ki67+ cells were associated with a decrease in the total number of preoperative risk factors negatively related to outcome (95% CI = 0.236–1.123; p = 0.008, SE = 0.1393).Main limitationsSmall population size.ConclusionsProliferating cell and ISC numbers may be associated with case outcome.
Identification of a previously unreported site of subchondral bone injury in the dorsodistolateral calcaneus in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Melly Virginia , Ortved Kyla F. , Manzi Timothy J. , Richardson Dean W. , Stefanovski Darko , Wulster Kathryn B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing accessibility and advancements in computed tomographic (CT) imaging improve understanding of the contributors to poor performance in the Thoroughbred racehorse.ObjectivesTo characterise an unreported site of tarsal subchondral bone injury (SBI) in Thoroughbred racehorses.Study designRetrospective, cross‐sectional analytical study.MethodsTarsal CT scans of 108 horses were reviewed for evidence of SBI in the dorsodistolateral calcaneus (DDLC). Signalment, including age, breed, sex, and discipline of horses, was recorded. The association of DDLC SBI with Thoroughbred racehorse compared to other breeds/disciplines was calculated. Nuclear scintigraphic scans of the hindlimbs of Thoroughbreds between 2007 and 2022 were also reviewed for increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) suggestive of DDLC SBI.ResultsTarsal CT scans of 108 horses were analysed and lesion location and type were recorded. DDLC SBI was identified in 8/108 (7.3%) horses. All lesions were found in racing Thoroughbreds (Fischer's exact test p = 0.002) and in 20% (8/40) of racing Thoroughbreds that underwent tarsal CT. DDLC SBI was determined to be the primary cause of lameness in 3/8. Third tarsal bone fracture was considered the primary cause of lameness in 3/8 horses. A total of 1663 nuclear scintigraphic scans of 1603 Thoroughbred horses were reviewed. Increased IRU in the DDLC was present in 13 horses (0.9%).Main limitationsStudy limitations include the retrospective nature of the study, incomplete medical records, lack of sensitivity/specificity data for lesion identification on various imaging modalities or comparison to histopathology, and limited substantive follow‐up information.ConclusionsThe DDLC is a previously unreported site of SBI in the Thoroughbred racehorse. The lesion can be the primary source of lameness but may also be found in horses with other clinically relevant osseous injuries. This lesion may be underestimated in the Thoroughbred population. Further investigation is required to determine the true prevalence, clinical relevance, and prognosis in Thoroughbred racehorses with this injury.
Spatial interactions among short‐interval fires reshape forest landscapes
Authors: Harvey Brian J. , Buonanduci Michele S. , Turner Monica G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimEcological disturbances are increasing as climate warms, and how multiple disturbances interact spatially to drive landscape change is poorly understood. We quantified burn severity across fire regimes in reburned forest landscapes to ask how spatial patterns of high‐severity fire differ between sequential overlapping fires and how landscape heterogeneity is shaped by cumulative disturbance patterns. We also characterized the amount and configuration of an emerging phenomenon: areas burned as high‐severity fire twice in successive fires.LocationNorthwest USA.Time period1984–2020.Major taxa studiedForests of western continental USA.MethodsWe used a field‐calibrated atlas of satellite‐measured burn severity across diverse fire regimes (more than three decades, >200 short‐interval fires) to quantify landscape metrics of high‐severity (>75% tree mortality) fire in sequential overlapping short‐interval fires. We used generalized linear models to test differences in individual and cumulative landscape patterns of burn severity following the first and second fires.ResultsThe amount of severe wildfire and patch size/configuration were generally similar between successive overlapping fires and across fire regimes. However, overlapping individual fires produced cumulative landscape patterns of recent high‐severity fire that were consistently more homogeneous after two fires, with greater distances to remaining mature forest. Additionally, 19–25% of landscapes affected by short‐interval fires burned at high severity in both fires, highlighting the spatial extent of repeatedly and severely disturbed forests.Main conclusionsWhen two individually heterogeneous fires overlap, burn mosaics can fit together like puzzle pieces, whereby twice‐burned landscapes are composed of large and simple‐shaped patches of cumulative recent high‐severity fire interspersed with small patches of mature/old forest. These cumulative spatial outcomes of interacting disturbances can be mechanisms of shifting ecosystem dynamics as global change unfolds and reburns continue.
Thinking problem‐space in studies of revolt and archival methods
Authors: Gowland Ben 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article engages with Jamaican anthropologist David Scott’s conceptual analytic of problem‐space and maps out the potential contributions problem‐space thinking can make to geographical studies of revolt and protest as well as archival methods. Scott's theory is broadened spatially through the introduction of space‐time geographies scholarship and in particular the spatial ontology of Massey. I suggest Scott's theory can compliment and advance the work of political and historical geographers seeking to produce more broadly spatialised and temporalised accounts of insurrections and political protests. Problem‐space thinking also develops efforts to recover subaltern voices and political motivations in such studies both empirically and methodologically.
Burden of HIV, HBV and syphilis among children in urban Ethiopia: Community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Getaneh Yimam , Khairunisa SitiQ. , Husada Dominicus , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Lusida Maria I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren have largely been ignored in the fight against sexually transmitted infection (STI). Among children, STI is reported to be a globally emerging public health challenge. We evaluated the burden of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis among children (< 15 years old) and its determinants in urban Ethiopia.MethodsFor this study, we used data from the Ethiopian Population‐based HIV Impact Assessment (EPHIA), collected through a nationally representative, community‐based study conducted in Ethiopia from October 2017 to April 2018. We used plasma samples from 4729 children. Moreover, we linked the data and analysed them alongside their respective mothers. Child and maternal HIV status was determined using the national testing algorithm. Plasma samples from children were also tested for syphilis and HBV surface antigen. A descriptive analysis was done followed by bivariable analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI) at a significance level of p < 0.05. We finally evaluated predictors of STIs using regression analysis.ResultsHIV, HBV and syphilis prevalence rates among urban children in Ethiopia were 0.36%, 1.48% and 0.28%, respectively. Children living in Gambella and Addis Ababa had a 6.41‐fold (95% CI: 3.20–9.88) and 4.20‐fold (95% CI: 3.24–5.46) higher risk of HIV infection compared with those in Dire Dawa. Children of HIV‐positive mothers had a 10.31‐fold (95% CI: 3.20–18.19) higher risk of HIV infection, and if those mothers were not taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the risk was 7.27 times higher (95% CI: 2.57–12.64). Those who were from HIV‐positive mothers with viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL had a 18.64‐fold (95% CI: 6.36–31.24) higher risk of HIV infection and those with a history of breastfeeding had a 3.27‐fold (95% CI: 1.11–5.67) higher risk. Children from Addis Ababa had a 3.26‐fold (95% CI: 1.64–6.66) higher risk of HBV infection compared with those from Dire Dawa. Moreover, for those from HIV‐positive mothers and whose mother was not taking HAART, the risk of HBV transmission was 6.37 (95% CI: 2.20–19.96) and 3.62 (95% CI: 1.27–11.29), respectively. Children living in Gambella, Somali, Afar and Tigray had a 7.21‐fold (95% CI: 2.30–18.68), 3.10‐fold (95% CI: 1.28–3.74) and 1.32‐fold (95% CI: 1.11–3.38) higher risk of acquiring active syphilis compared with those living in Dire Dawa, respectively. Those from HIV‐positive mothers also had a 4.22‐fold (95% CI: 1.16–8.39) higher risk of acquiring active syphilis.ConclusionThe burden of HIV, HBV and syphilis was high among children in urban Ethiopia. The key determinants for the high burden of HIV, syphilis and HBV were maternal factors including maternal HIV status and breastfeeding. This might be due to the challenges associated with mother‐to‐child transmission. Hence, the programme shall focus on the elimination of the triple infections of HIV, syphilis and HBV.
Changes in physicochemical property and its potential regulatory mechanism for the formation of water core of the Fuji apples post‐harvesting
Authors: Wang Xuanyu , Wang Rui , Zhuang Min , Ke Sheng , Wang Anqi , Zhou Zhongkai 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis study analysed the factors for influencing the occurrence of water core in apples and proposed a potential metabolism following its post‐harvesting. By comparing the ordinary pulp and the region within the water core in different post‐harvesting stages of the Fuji apples, although the occurrence of water core did not significantly change the appearance of the apples, its interior firmness decreased with increased cell permeability. Furthermore, fructose content decreased, and sorbitol content increased rapidly accompanied by a reduction of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity at the site of water core. The cell morphology also demonstrated that the cells became denser and the blue aggregates formed. It indicated that the cell walls were saturated with locally highly accumulated sorbitol, followed by visualised transparent spots. In summary, the occurrence of water core during the post‐harvesting of Fuji apples was found to be related to the increased sorbitol content and the corresponding decreased dehydrogenase activity.
The combination of emicizumab and recombinant factor VIII in plasma: Which assays can we use for accurate measurement?
Authors: Bowyer Annette E. , Maclean Rhona M. , Kitchen Steve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe bispecific antibody, emicizumab, is a prophylactic therapy used for the treatment of haemophilia A (HA). Patients may require additional replacement factor VIII (FVIII) to ensure adequate haemostasis. This study investigated the laboratory measurement of severe HA (SHA) plasma spiked with 36 combinations of emicizumab plus recombinant (r) FVIII concentrates.MethodFVIII assays were performed by one stage assay (OSA) using eight APTT reagents from three manufacturers and chromogenic assays (CSA) using seven kits. CSA kits comprised a range of bovine FX/FIXa, bovine FX/human FIXa or human FX/FIXa. Thrombin generation (TG) was assessed by CAT and ST‐Genesia.ResultsEmicizumab‐calibrated modified OSA and human FX CSA both overestimated rFVIII in the presence of emicizumab; median FVIII:C of up to 89% higher was observed in plasma spiked with both drugs compared to just rFVIII. In bovine FX CSA assays, there was a FVIII:C increase of up to 11% in plasmas spiked with both drugs compared to rFVIII alone. TG parameters were not all normalized by the presence of emicizumab however addition of rFVIII increased TG. ETP and peak thrombin were normalized at 50 μg/ml emicizumab using ST‐Genesia but were still reduced at 75 μg/ml with CAT. Addition of rFVIII further normalized results.ConclusionModified OSA and human FX CSA could not distinguish between rFVIII or emicizumab. The presence of both emicizumab and rFVIII increased thrombin generation to normal levels compared to each drug alone. Bovine FX CSA can be used to accurately determine FVIII activity of rFVIII in plasma which also contains emicizumab.
Employee green behaviour: A review and recommendations for future research
Authors: Tang Guiyao , Ren Shuang , Wang Mo , Li Yixuan , Zhang Shujie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the increasing awareness of impacts of organizational activities on the natural environment and the urgent need for sustainable management of ecosystems, emerging research on employee green behaviour in the field of management and organizational science is largely fragmented, requiring an integrative review. Seeking to better understand research opportunities and advance theoretical and empirical development, this paper evaluates available research on the topic by first reviewing conceptualizations and corresponding theoretical approaches. It then develops an overarching framework to evaluate the findings of empirical studies at different levels of analysis for different approaches. It concludes with recommendations for future research on employee green behaviour and provides important implications for environmental sustainability in organizations.
Survey of activation‐induced genome architecture reveals a novel enhancer of Myc
Authors: Chan Wing Fuk , Coughlan Hannah D , Ruhle Michelle , Iannarella Nadia , Alvarado Carolina , Groom Joanna R , Keenan Christine R , Kueh Andrew J , Wheatley Adam K , Smyth Gordon K , Allan Rhys S , Johanson Timothy M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe transcription factor Myc is critically important in driving cell proliferation, a function that is frequently dysregulated in cancer. To avoid this dysregulation Myc is tightly controlled by numerous layers of regulation. One such layer is the use of distal regulatory enhancers to drive Myc expression. Here, using chromosome conformation capture to examine B cells of the immune system in the first hours after their activation, we reveal a previously unidentified enhancer of Myc. The interactivity of this enhancer coincides with a dramatic, but discrete, spike in Myc expression 3 h post‐activation. However, genetic deletion of this region, has little impact on Myc expression, Myc protein level or in vitro and in vivo cell proliferation. Examination of the enhancer deleted regulatory landscape suggests that enhancer redundancy likely sustains Myc expression. This work highlights not only the importance of temporally examining enhancers, but also the complexity and dynamics of the regulation of critical genes such as Myc.
Patient and carer experiences of lung cancer referral pathway in a regional health service: a qualitative study
Authors: Otty Zulfiquer , Brown Amy , Larkins Sarah , Evans Rebecca , Sabesan Sabe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer referral pathways aim to reduce delays and improve referral patterns of people with suspected lung cancer.AimAs part of implementing a lung cancer referral pathway at a regional Australian hospital, this study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of people with lung cancer and their carers.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were used to elicit data for thematic analysis in this cross‐sectional descriptive qualitative study. Patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and their carers at a regional academic cancer centre were invited to participate in interviews. Five interviews were conducted face‐to‐face, and 14 interviews were conducted by telephone (as per interviewee preference). Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and qualitatively analysed. Descriptive phrases were used to generate initial inductive codes and themes.ResultsNineteen participants approached agreed to take part in the study. Factors that positively impacted the care experience were good communication, timeliness and patient advocacy and support. Improper communication, long waiting times for investigations and appointments, uncertainty about the process and inconsistent advice from providers negatively impacted the care experience. Participants preferred face‐to‐face or video‐linked consultations over telephone consultations.ConclusionsUnderstanding the experiences of rural and regional patients and carers with the lung cancer referral pathway is important to improve quality of care. Implementing changes to the referral pathway to improve patient and carer experiences needs to be an ongoing quality improvement exercise.
Correlation of spirometry indices to chest radiology in the diagnosis of chronic airway disease among regional and rural Indigenous Australians
Authors: Howarth Timothy , Gahreman Daniel , Ben Saad Helmi , Ng Lai , Heraganahally Subash S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of Indigenous Australians reside in non‐urban locations, with reduced access to chest radiology such as computed tomography (CT). Spirometry and chest X‐ray (CXR) may be used in the absence of CT; however, the correlation of spirometry indices to CT‐defined chronic airway diseases (i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis) compared with CXR among Indigenous people is sparsely reported.AimTo evaluate spirometry indices against CXR and CT findings among adult Indigenous Australians.MethodsIndigenous patients who had undergone a spirometry test between 2012 and 2020 and had a CXR or chest CT scan assessed for the presence (+)/absence (−) of airway diseases were included in this study.ResultsOf 643 patients (57% female, 31% remote/very remote), 364 (57%) had CT and CXR available. Patients who were ‘CT− and CXR−’ for airway diseases (48%) recorded a mean FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of 61%, 59% and 0.76 compared to 57%, 49% and 0.66 in the ‘CT+ and CXR−’ group and 53%, 39% and 0.58 in the ‘CT+ and CXR+’ group. CXR showed sensitivity (44%) and specificity (88%), while spirometry showed 62% and 77% compared to CT. Spirometry demonstrated predominately restrictive impairment among ‘CT− and CXR−’ and mixed/obstructive impairment among ‘CT+ and CXR−’ and ‘CT+ and CXR+’ groups.ConclusionIndigenous Australians tend to demonstrate restrictive impairment in the absence of radiological evidence of airway disease. However, in the presence of airway disease, combinations of mixed and obstructive impairments were common. Obstructive impairment shows greater sensitivity for identifying COPD than that shown by CXR; however, CXR shows greater specificity. Hence, spirometry in conjunction with chest radiology should be utilised to aid in the assessment of airway diseases in this population.
Effect of COVID‐19 lockdown on body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Siu Hanson , Polkinghorne Kevan , Finlay Paul , Yong Theresa , Bardin Philip G. , King Paul T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of studies has reported weight gain in association with COVID‐19 lockdowns; typically, this research has had short‐term follow‐up in populations that tended to gain weight. In this study, the effect of prolonged lockdowns on weight was assessed in a population of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Before lockdown subjects gained an average of 0.022 kg per month; after lockdown this trend reversed with subjects losing weight at 0.032 kg per month, a trend that was highly significant (P < 0.001).