bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of objectively measured sedentary time with asthma in US youth: A glimpse into the connection between obesity and asthma
Authors: Hartz Jacob , Bucholz Emily , Phipatanakul Wanda , de Ferranti Sarah , Powell‐Wiley Tiffany 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that asthma and obesity may share a common pathway, possibly through an increase in inflammation. Sedentary time is thought to promote both inflammation and obesity and previous studies have found a relationship between self‐reported sedentary and asthma. However, the relationship between objectively measured sedentary time and asthma is not well described. We hypothesized that the association between asthma and sedentary time would not be present when physical activity was measured objectively, nor would objectively‐measured sedentary time play an important role in the relationship between asthma and obesity.ObjectiveTo determine if there is an association between asthma and objectively measured sedentary time in a large, nationally representative sample of the United States youth.MethodsUsing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003−2006, we assessed the relationship between asthma and sedentary time using objectively measured and self‐reported measures of sedentary time, in 6−19 years‐old subjects with available accelerometry data. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associations between the risk of asthma and sedentary time controlling for accelerometer wear time, gender, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index percentile, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA).ResultsIn this cohort, youth with asthma self‐reported more time in sedentary behavior, specifically computer time, than those without asthma (p = 0.01). However, when sedentary time was measured objectively by accelerometry, sedentary time did not differ between youth with and without asthma (421 min [standard deviation 4.2] versus. 414 min [standard deviation 7.8] [p = 0.38]). Controlling for measures of activity, such as MVPA, or time spent in long versus short bouts of sedentary time did not modify our results.ConclusionsDifferences in sedentary time by self‐report between those with and without asthma were not born out by examining sedentary time using objective measures. Further work is necessary to examine the complex interaction among inactivity, obesity, and asthma over time, specifically focusing on whether the type of sedentary activity (e.g., computer vs. television time) is important.
Nanoscale imaging of individual amyloid aggregates extracted from brains of Alzheimer and Parkinson patients reveals presence of lipids in α‐synuclein but not in amyloid β1–42 fibrils
Authors: Zhaliazka Kiryl , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAbrupt aggregation of misfolded proteins is the underlying molecular cause of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Both AD and PD are severe pathologies that affect millions of people around the world. A small 42 amino acid long peptide, known as amyloid β (Aβ), aggregates in the frontal cortex of AD patients forming oligomers and fibrils, highly toxic protein aggregates that cause progressive neuron death. Similar aggregates of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn), a small protein that facilitates neurotransmitter release, are observed in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus of people with PD. In this study, we utilized the innovative nano‐Infrared imaging technique to investigate the structural organization of individual Aβ and α‐syn fibrils postmortem extracted from brains of AD and PD patients, respectively. We observed two morphologically different Aβ and α‐Syn fibril polymorphs in each patient's brain. One had twisted topology, whereas another exhibited flat tape‐like morphology. We found that both polymorphs shared the same parallel β‐sheet‐dominated secondary structure. These findings suggested that both fibril polymorphs were built from structurally similar if not identical filaments that coiled forming twisted fibrils or associated side‐by‐side in the case of straight Aβ and α‐Syn fibrils. Nano‐Infrared analysis of individual protein aggregates also revealed the presence of lipids in the structure of both twisted and tape‐like α‐Syn fibrils that were not observed in any of the Aβ fibril polymorphs. These findings demonstrate that lipid membranes can play a critically important role in the onset and progression of PD.
Design, synthesis and antifungal evaluation of novel nopol derivatives as potent laccase inhibitors
Authors: Sun Xue‐Bao , Yang Zi‐Hui , Jin Dao‐Jun , Qiu Yi‐Gui , Gu Wen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo explore further potential natural product‐based antifungal agents, a series of novel nopol‐based carboxamide and hydrazide derivatives containing a natural pinene structure were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against seven phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes.RESULTSThe bioassay results indicated that some compounds exhibited good inhibitory activities against Gibberella zeae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Phytophthora capsici. Among them, compound 3h displayed excellent in vitro activities against G. zeae, with EC50 values of 1.09 mg L−1, which was comparable with the commercial fungicides bixafen and carbendazim (median effective concentration [EC50] = 1.21 and 0.89 mg L−1, respectively). Notably, in vivo bioassay results suggested that compound 3h also showed prominent protective and curative effects (95.6% and 94.2%) at 200 mg L−1 against G. zeae. The scanning electron microscopy study indicated that compound 3h could destroy the morphological integrity of G. zeae hyphae. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory bioassay revealed that compound 3h exhibited potent inhibitory activity against laccase with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.93 μm, superior to positive control cysteine (IC50 = 35.50 μm), and its binding modes with laccase were elucidated by molecular docking study. In addition, the fluorescent imaging of the dansylamide‐labeled derivatives 8 on wheat leaf epidermal cells and the hyphae of G. zeae revealed that this class of hydrazide derivatives could readily permeate into wheat leaves and reached the laccase target in fungal cells.CONCLUSIONSome nopol‐based hydrazide derivatives exhibited excellent anti‐G. zeae activity and laccase inhibitory activity, which merits further development as a new fungicide candidate for controlling Fusarium head blight. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Engineering the First Coordination Shell of Single Zn Atoms via Molecular Design Strategy toward High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Liu Lei , Du Zhuzhu , Sun Jinmeng , He Song , Wang Ke , Li Mengjun , Xie Linghai , Ai Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtomically dispersed Zn moieties are efficient active sites for accelerating the electrode kinetics of carbons for sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs), but the low utilization and symmetric configuration of Zn single‐atom greatly hamper the Na ion storage capability. Herein, a molecular design strategy is employed to synthesize high‐density Zn single atoms with asymmetric Zn–N3S coordination embedded in nitrogen/sulfur codoped carbon (Zn–N3S–NSC). The key to this strategy lies in the Zn power‐catalyzed condensation of trithiocyanuric acid molecules to generate S‐doped g‐C3N4, which can in situ coordinate with Zn sources to form Zn–N3S moieties during pyrolysis. By virtue of the highly exposed Zn–N3S moieties, Zn–N3S–NSC presents ultrahigh reactivity, efficient electron transfer, and decreased ion diffusion barriers for SIHCs, rendering an impressive energy density of 215 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 15625 W kg−1. Moreover, the pouch cell displays a high capacity of 279 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles. This work provides a new avenue for the regulation of the coordination configuration of single metal atoms in carbons toward high‐performance electrochemical energy technologies at the molecular level.
Flexible, Permeable, and Recyclable Liquid‐Metal‐Based Transient Circuit Enables Contact/Noncontact Sensing for Wearable Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Zheng Kai , Gu Fan , Wei Hongjin , Zhang Lijie , Chen Xi'an , Jin Huile , Pan Shuang , Chen Yihuang , Wang Shun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe past several years have witnessed a rapid development of intelligent wearable devices. However, despite the splendid advances, the creation of flexible human–machine interfaces that synchronously possess multiple sensing capabilities, wearability, accurate responsivity, sensitive detectivity, and fast recyclability remains a substantial challenge. Herein, a convenient yet robust strategy is reported to craft flexible transient circuits via stencil printing liquid metal conductor on the water‐soluble electrospun film for human–machine interaction. Due to the inherent liquid conductor within porous substrate, the circuits feature high‐resolution, customized patterning viability, attractive permeability, excellent electroconductivity, and superior mechanical stability. More importantly, such circuits display appealing noncontact proximity capabilities while maintaining compelling tactile sensing performance, which is unattainable by traditional systems with compromised contact sensing. As such, the flexible circuit is utilized as wearable sensors with practical multifunctionality, including information transfer, smart identification, and trajectory monitoring. Furthermore, an intelligent human–machine interface composed of the flexible sensors is fabricated to realize specific goals such as wireless object control and overload alarm. The transient circuits are quickly and efficiently recycled toward high economic and environmental values. This work opens vast possibilities of generating high‐quality flexible and transient electronics for advanced applications in soft and intelligent systems.
Dynamics of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid of water conveying copper, alumina and silver nanoparticles when entropy generation, viscous dissipation, Lorentz force are significant
Authors: Swain Bharat Keshari 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation‐point flow and heat transfer of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid of water conveying Copper (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles is elucidated over a flat plate embedded in a porous medium. The main concerns of the study are to figure out the impacts of viscous dissipation, buoyancy force, and heat source/sink. The governing partial differential equations with corresponding boundary conditions are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved by three‐stage Lobatto IIIa integration formula for a finite difference (bvp4c MATLAB package) and shooting technique with fourth‐order Runge‐kutta method. The main motivation behind this study is to perform the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer analysis of nanofluids with MHD flow, entropy generation analysis, which has important applications in many industries, in particular, the process of extrusion/layer of fluid dispersed with solute particles is extruded over other materials to increase the strength and durability of the final product. Some of the important results are with increasing values of heat source/sink parameter, the fluid velocity is improved in case of heat source and reduced in case of heat sink, both velocity and temperature increase with increasing values of Brinkman number, higher value of Brinkman number is to generate more entropy.
Illuminating Neural Computation Using Precision Optogenetics-Controlled Synthetic Perception
Authors: Gill Jonathan V. , Lerman Gilad M. , Chong Edmund , Rinberg Dmitry , Shoham Shy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConnecting neuronal activity to perception requires tools that can probe neural codes at cellular and circuit levels, paired with sensitive behavioral measures. In this chapter, we present an overview of current methods for connecting neural codes to perception using precision optogenetics and psychophysical measurements of synthetically induced percepts. We also highlight new methodologies for validating precise control of optical and behavioral manipulations. Finally, we provide a perspective on upcoming developments that are poised to advance the field.
Media Bias Analysis
Authors: Hamborg Felix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides the first interdisciplinary literature review on media bias analysis, thereby contrasting manual and automated analysis approaches. Decade-long research in political science and other social sciences has resulted in comprehensive models to describe media bias and effective methods to analyze it. In contrast, in computer science, computational linguistics, and related fields, media bias is a relatively young research topic. Despite many approaches being technically very advanced, we find that the automated approaches could often yield more substantial results by using knowledge from social science research on the topic.
Person-Oriented Framing Analysis
Authors: Hamborg Felix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter proposes person-oriented framing analysis (PFA), our approach to reveal biases. In a discussion of the solution space to tackle media bias, the chapter uses the findings of the literature review from Chap. 2 to narrow the research question from Chap. 1 down to a specific research objective. The PFA approach seeks to address this research objective. In contrast to prior work, PFA is designed to approximate analysis concepts and uses methodology established in the social sciences for bias analysis. As Chap. 6 shows, by identifying in-text means of specific bias forms, the approach detects meaningful frames in person-centric news coverage. Besides, this chapter introduces news-please, a crawler and extractor for online news articles that can be used in various use cases, such as prior to PFA.
Iterative Gaussianisation for Multivariate Transformation
Authors: Cook A. , Rondon O. , Graindorge J. , Booth G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultivariate conditional simulations can be reduced to a set of independent univariate simulations through multivariate Gaussian transformation of the drill hole data to independent Gaussian factors. These simulations are then back transformed to obtain simulated results that exhibit the multivariate relationships observed in the input drill hole data. Several transformation techniques are cited in geostatistical literature for multivariate transformation. However, only two can effectively simulate high dimensional drill hole data with complex non-linear features: Flow Anamorphosis (FA) and Projection Pursuit Multivariate Transformation (PPMT). This paper presents an alternative iterative multivariate Gaussian transformation (IG) along with a multivariate simulation case study of a large Nickel deposit. Our findings show that IG is computationally faster than FA and PPMT which makes the technique more appealing for most practical and time-sensitive applications.
Spatial Uncertainty in Pore Pressure Models at the Brazilian Continental Margin
Authors: Pinto Felipe Tajá C. , Milani Krishna , Guedes Leandro , Varella Luiz Eduardo S. , Fetter Marcos , Santini Marcus , Lopes Thiago , Gorne Vitor , Farroco Viviane , Rodrigues Attila L. , Costa João Felipe C. L. , Bassani Marcel A. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate pore pressure models in wells are essential for ensuring the lowest cost and operational safety during exploration/development projects. This modeling requires the integration of several sources of information such as well data, formation pressure tests, geophysical logs, mud weight, geological models, seismic data, geothermal and sedimentation rate modeling. An empirical relationship between overpressure and compressional wave velocity is commonly applied to model the pore pressure. This deterministic approach does not allow uncertainty quantification and ignores other variables related to pore pressure. This paper presents a case study with real data to evaluate and quantify spatial pore pressure uncertainty. The exhaustive secondary variable came from the combination of seismic velocity and geothermal models. The methodology uses Sequential Gaussian Cosimulation with Intrinsic Collocated Cokriging. The results demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the workflow proposed.
The Sand Through My Fingers: Finding Aboriginal Cultural Voice, Identity and Agency on Country
Authors: Edwards-Groves Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConcerns about supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander learners to reach their potential endure in contemporary Australian education and society. Moreover, supporting these Aboriginal learners to have a sense of self-worth, self-awareness and personal identity that enables them to manage their emotional, mental, cultural, spiritual and physical wellbeing was identified as a key goal of the “Alice Springs (Mparntwe) Education Declaration”. This declaration sets out the national vision for education and the commitment of Australian Governments to improve educational outcomes for Aboriginal peoples across Australia (Commonwealth of Australia, 2019). This is a critical responsibility for the practices of Australian educators, policymakers and researchers alike. This chapter presents a uniqueon-Countryapproach to research with young Aboriginal people seeking to understand what a world worth living in means to them as individuals and for the communities they live in. The approach involved multimodal research methods that included poetry composition and photography, as media that revealed their Aboriginal youth voices, cultural sensitivities, identity and agency. For these young Aboriginal people, sitting on their own Country with sand from their Wiradjuri land sifting through their fingers, their words and images emerged as powerful resources for connecting to culture and to self as their Aboriginal identities flourished despite previously being demeaned by racism, ignorance, injustice and inequity. The poetry and photographs produced by these young Aboriginal males serve as a window into how cultural voice and vision expose ways identity and agency are socially-culturally-politically configured—both in their production and deployment. Their words and images demonstrate the kind of resilience needed for these Aboriginal youth to take their place in the world—one that they, too, see as worth living in.
Practices and Experiences in Educational Researcher Training: Reflections from Research Students Exploring the Theme, Living Well in a World Worth Living in During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Windsor Sally , Kitooke Amoni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThischapter is a case study which describes and reflects on the first steps into research practice for a group of international Masters students who were soon to embark on writing educational research theses when the COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020. Because of a sudden transition to online learning and cancellation of in-person fieldwork opportunities, this group of fledgling researchers conducted a small research project that sought answers to the question—What does it mean to live well in a world worth living in? The purpose of the project was to find out how this particular group of people, in a certain time and place, would respond to this question. Four themes emerged: political engagement; connection and basic needs; social stratification and access; living slow and in ‘flow’. This chapter outlines this project from the perspective of a research student and the teacher, and illuminates the various student groups’ understandings of what it means to live well in a world worth living in. Using the theories of ‘communities of practice’and ‘practice architectures’, the chapter reflects on the dynamics and processes through which the research student groups engaged with the subject; and what their experience might mean for educational researcher training.
B-anomalies in a twin Pati-Salam theory of flavour including the 2022 LHCb $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ analysis
Authors: Navarro Mario Fernández , King Stephen F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We perform a comprehensive phenomenological analysis of the twin Pati-Salam theory of flavour, focussing on the parameter space relevant for interpreting the B-anomalies via vector leptoquark U1 exchange. This model provides a very predictive framework in which the U1 couplings and the Yukawa couplings find a common origin via mixing of chiral quarks and leptons with vector-like fermions, providing a direct link between the B-anomalies and the fermion masses and mixing. We propose and study a simplified model with three vector-like fermion families, in the massless first family approximation, and show that the second and third family charged fermion masses and mixings and the B-anomalies can be simultaneously explained and related. The model has the proper flavour structure to be compatible with all low-energy observables, and leads to predictions in promising observables such as τ → 3μ, τ → μγ and $$ B\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}\nu \overline{\nu} $$
B
→

K

∗

ν

ν
¯

at Belle II and LHCb. The model also predicts a rich spectrum of TeV scale gauge bosons and vector-like fermions, all accessible to the LHC. In this updated version we have included an extended analysis considering the new 2022 LHCb data on $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

, which has slightly shifted the preferred parameter space with respect to the 2021 case. The model can still explain the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomalies at 1σ in a narrow window, however we expect small deviations from the SM on the $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

ratios, to be tested in the future via more precise measurements by the LHCb collaboration. We also predict RD = $$ {R}_{D^{\ast }} $$

R

D
∗

, with future measurements shifting the world averages to slightly smaller central values.
Quantum anomaly detection for collider physics
Authors: Alvi Sulaiman , Bauer Christian W. , Nachman Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explore the use of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) for anomaly detection at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, we explore a semi-supervised approach in the four-lepton final state where simulations are reliable enough for a direct background prediction. This is a representative task where classification needs to be performed using small training datasets — a regime that has been suggested for a quantum advantage. We find that Classical Machine Learning (CML) benchmarks outperform standard QML algorithms and are able to automatically identify the presence of anomalous events injected into otherwise background-only datasets.
A height bound for abelian schemes with real$$\times \mathbb {Q}^{2}$$ multiplication
Authors: Youell Zachary 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a height bound for points on the base of a family of abelian varieties at which the fibre possesses additional endomorphisms. This complements a result of André in his book (G-Functions and Geometry Aspects of Mathematics, E13. Friedrich Vieweg and Sohn, Braunschweig, 1989) as well a result of Daw and Orr (Ann Scuol Norm Super Class Sci 39:1, 2021). The work in this paper will be used to prove a new case of the Zilber-Pink conjecture which will form part of the author’s PhD thesis.