bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Production of Heinrich Layers With a Sediment‐Enabled Iceberg Model
Authors: Fendrock Michaela , Condron Alan , McGee David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the North Atlantic, relatively coarse grained sediments can be found periodically throughout sediment cores spanning the Last Glacial Period. These sediments were rafted by icebergs released from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in so‐called Heinrich Events. These “Heinrich Layers” coincide with records of global climate change, suggesting that the impact of these events was propagated beyond the North Atlantic. In order to best understand the climate context and significance of Heinrich Events, it is important to constrain the mechanism for their release from the LIS and the nature of the ice sheet itself. One approach for investigating the source of Heinrich Events is to understand the sediment load of icebergs involved, information that would inform interpretations of how those icebergs were produced. By simulating Heinrich Events in a high resolution global climate model (20–40 times the resolution of previous studies), this work investigates the processes involved in the deposition of Heinrich Layers in the North Atlantic. In these simulations, the same volume of sediment is distributed differently through the same volume of icebergs, producing profoundly different sediment records. Due to the high resolution of the model, these simulated sedimentary layers can be inspected in great detail, revealing nuances of the deposit. Only when sediment is distributed throughout the entire iceberg does the model produce a sediment pattern in agreement with observations, yet icebergs with this sediment distribution are not observed in the modern‐day.
Miniaturized High Gain Broadband 16‐Element MIMO Array Using Planar Artificial Magnetic Conductor With Enhanced Isolation for WLAN/WiMAX Applications
Authors: Malekpoor Hossein , Hamidkhani Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA low‐profile 16‐element printed dipole antenna (PDA) array backed by a planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless communications. The proposed 16‐element MIMO array loaded by a 13 × 13 AMC reflector with various polarized directions exhibits a low‐profile wideband structure, which includes the broad measured bandwidths from 4.25 to 7.25 GHz with increased gains (>8 dBi) and high efficiency. The high isolation between the 16 elements with diverse polarizations is larger than 27 dB and reaches 67 dB over the operating band for MIMO systems. The suggested PDA with a microstrip V‐shaped dipole excited by a V‐shaped microstrip feedline is used to expand the broad simulated band spanning 5.34–6.70 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). Moreover, the suggested 13 × 13 planar fractal AMC reflector is loaded into the PDA array to exhibit a reflection coefficient, S11, of less than −10 dB across the band of 4.26–6.90 GHz for wireless local area network and worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications. The proposed design with AMC compared to the design without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 50.3%, increased gain up to 8.2 dBi, and excellent impedance matching with unidirectional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell is realized based on the planar patch with inserted slots to operate at 6.10 GHz with an AMC band spanning 5.15–7.10 GHz (32%).
Bayesian Monte Carlo Inversion of InSAR Time Series Deformation Induced by Wastewater Injection: A Case Study in West Texas
Authors: Zheng Weiyu , Lu Zhong , Kim Jin‐Woo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWastewater disposal can induce detectable surface uplift, which may cause ground instability and threaten infrastructure. The distributions of local hydro‐geomechanical parameters, especially Young's modulus and hydraulic conductivity, play an essential role in these geohazards. To constrain these parameters, we have inverted spatio‐temporal deformation measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and injection information using a Bayesian Monte Carlo approach with a poroelastic finite element model. Sentinel‐1A/B imagery from 2014 to 2020 is processed to track the spatio‐temporal deformation in Winkler county, West Texas, USA. The posterior distribution of subsurface effective volumes reveals under‐reported volumes in the well near the deformation center. In addition, the inversion results provide better constraints for the parameters than those solely obtained based on the cumulative spatial deformation or temporal development of the deformation center.
Poynting Fluxes, Field‐Aligned Current Densities, and the Efficiency of the Io‐Jupiter Electrodynamic Interaction
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Szalay J. R. , Clark G. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Brennan M. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Hue V. , Kurth W. S. , Lysak R. L. , Nichols J. D. , Saur J. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJuno's highly inclined orbits provide opportunities to sample high‐latitude magnetic field lines connected to the orbit of Io, among the other Galilean satellites. Its payload offers both remote‐sensing and in‐situ measurements of the Io‐Jupiter interaction. These are at discrete points along Io's footprint tail and at least one event (12th perijove) was confirmed to be on a flux tube Alfvénically connected to Io, allowing for an investigation of how the interaction evolves down‐tail. Here we present Alfvén Poynting fluxes and field‐aligned current densities along field lines connected to Io and its orbit. We explore their dependence as a function of down‐tail distance and show the expected decay as seen in UV brightness and electron energy fluxes. We show that the Alfvén Poynting and electron energy fluxes are highly correlated and related by an efficiency that is fully consistent with acceleration from Alfvén wave filamentation via a turbulent cascade process.
Ballooning of Surface‐Advected Freshwater Bulge in a Rotating Frame
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Gan Jianping , Cai Zhongya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis research delves into the intrinsic dynamics of an anticyclonic circulation that involves a ballooning bulge generated by a generalized river plume over an idealized shelf topography. The circulation features a strong jet‐stream overshooting the estuary mouth, curving toward the coast, and a returning flow along the shoreside edge. Our study focuses on the ballooning process, which involves the jet‐stream’s expansion and the freshwaters’ downstream movement. We demonstrate that the negative curvature vorticity, generated by flow inertia, sustains this process by amplifying the jet‐stream through anticyclonic gradient wind balance. Our research presents new insights into the origin of the negative curvature vorticity associated with the anticyclonic bending of the jet‐stream. The negative curvature vorticity regulates the ration between streamline’s and trajectory's radius, promoting the freshwaters’ escape from the jet‐stream and facilitating the bulge’s ballooning. The negative shear vorticity over the downshelf coast near the estuary mouth is the source of the curvature vorticity. The banking and curvature‐acceleration processes, which stand for the cross‐stream variation of the downstream component of the pressure force and the turning of the jet‐stream, respectively, trade‐off this shear vorticity to form the negative curvature vorticity.
In Recognition of Our 2022 Peer Reviewers and Volunteers
Authors: Montési Laurent G. J. , Määttänen Anni , Rogers A. Deanne , Thomson Bradley J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeer review is the key to ensuring that the articles published in scientific journals such as JGR: Planets are based on sound scientific principles, follow state‐of‐the‐art techniques, and present exciting discoveries or novel understanding of the fundamental processes that affect solar system objects. JGR: Planets covers an extraordinarily broad range of topics addressing every aspect of geoscience with the only requirement that the work addresses planetary processes. The breadth of topics published is reflected by our editorial team composed in 2022 of associate editors Jun Cui, Joel Davis, Leigh Fletcher, Matthias Grott, Ananya Mallik, German Martínez, Molly McCanta, Katarina Miljkovic, Ryan Park, Andrew Poppe, Beatrix Sánchez‐Cano, Mariek Schmidt, Yasuhito Sekine, Kelsi Singer, Sonia Tikoo, David Trang, and Zhiyong Xiao in addition to the editors who authored this note. We rely on the expertise of the community to vet the articles submitted to the journal. In 2022, JGR: Planets benefited from 1,299 reviews provided by 775 unique volunteer reviewers. We also received help from 29 guest editors working on seven active special collections. We know that all our volunteers juggle many duties, both professional and personal. We are forever grateful that they chose to dedicate their time and energy to evaluating submitted manuscripts and advising us on the suitability of each manuscript for our journal, often suggesting ways to improve the paper. Scientific publishing is truly a selfless community effort. The entire editorial board of JGR: Planets wishes to express their most heartfelt gratitude to the many scientists who chose to support their journal. Thank you!
Intra‐Seasonal Variability in Sediment Provenance and Transport Processes in the Brahmaputra Basin
Authors: Dixit Abhishek , von Eynatten Hilmar , Schönig Jan , Karius Volker , Mahanta Chandan , Dutta Subashisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSediment composition in modern fluvial settings is commonly assessed regarding spatial but rarely temporal variability, potentially leading to a bias of unknown extent. Here, we present the grain‐size distribution, bulk chemical and mineralogical composition of a time‐series set of 36 suspended sediment samples from the Brahmaputra river, as well as clay and heavy mineral analysis of selected samples. Sampling covers the June–November 2021 period, which included two major flooding events. We show that the two flooding events are characterized by contrasting grain size, with the first event characterized by a grain‐size minimum and the second by a grain‐size maximum. Although grain sizes of the first flood and the period after the second are similar, their compositions differ significantly, highlighted by a factor‐two decrease of biotite largely compensated by an increase in quartz. By contrast, the content of garnet, clinopyroxene, sillimanite, and rutile increased compared to epidote and amphibole during the second flood event. By relating the results to spatio‐temporal rainfall and discharge patterns and basin morphology, we conclude that the first flooding primarily mobilized hydraulically pre‐sorted sediments from the exposed sandbars of the floodplains, while those sandbars are already submerged during the second flooding in a single‐channel system, resulting in higher sediment contributions from highland tributaries draining igneous and high‐grade metamorphic rocks. Such temporal variations pose constraints on the interpretation of compositional differences between individual samples regarding sediment provenance and dispersal and should be considered in studies of modern drainage basins as well as ancient sediment routing systems.
Spatial Patterns of Disconnectivity Explain Catchment‐Scale Sediment Dynamics and Transfer Efficiencies
Authors: Turley Mike , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile connectivity studies are becoming common in the Earth sciences, disconnectivity has received much less attention. Sediment storage is the direct result of sediment disconnectivity and can provide concrete evidence of the spatial patterns of disconnectivity at the catchment‐scale. In this study, we explore the catchment‐scale sediment dynamics of the Tahoma Creek watershed, a high‐gradient glacio‐volcanic landscape, within a sediment budget framework and identify and map sources of disconnectivity to determine whether they explain the spatial patterns and estimated efficiencies of sediment transfers. We found that up to 80% of the total eroded sediment is sourced from the proglacial zone. The proglacial zone is characterized by high connectivity resulting from frequent debris flows and floods, and rapidly responds to changing conditions. Down valley, however, sources of disconnectivity become increasingly more prevalent, the hillslopes become decoupled from the channel, and a majority of the eroded sediment is redeposited with as little as ∼15% reaching the outlet. The spatial distribution of sources of disconnectivity and their upslope affected areas explains, to a large degree, catchment‐scale sediment dynamics and sediment transfer efficiencies and is in close agreement with quantitative connectivity estimates. We find that steep, glaciated watersheds are predominantly disconnected over human timescales and suggest that disconnectivity is the dominant state of landscapes over most timescales of interest. Mapping sources of disconnectivity provides a straightforward and concrete approach to estimating system disconnectivity and can increase confidence when paired with quantitative indices.
Klotho prevents transforming growth factor-β2-induced senescent-like morphological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Jang Ha Young , Kim Soo-Jin , Park Kyu-Sang , Kim Jeong Hun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDegenerative changes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) triggered by transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and oxidative stress play a critical role in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The expression of α-klotho, an antiaging protein, declines with age, increasing the risk factors for age-related diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of soluble α-klotho on TGF-β2-induced RPE degeneration. The morphological changes induced by TGF-β2, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), were attenuated in the mouse RPE by the intravitreal injection (IVT) of α-klotho. In ARPE19 cells, EMT and morphological alterations by TGF-β2 were attenuated by co-incubation with α-klotho. TGF-β2 decreased miR-200a accompanied by zinc finger e-box binding homeobox1 (ZEB1) upregulation and EMT, all of which were prevented by α-klotho co-treatment. Inhibitor of miR-200a mimicked TGF-β2-induced morphological changes, which were recovered by ZEP1 silencing, but not by α-klotho, implying the upstream regulation of α-klotho on miR-200a-ZEP1-EMT axis. α-Klotho inhibited receptor binding of TGF-β2, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) upregulation. Furthermore, α-klotho recovered the TGF-β2-induced mitochondrial activation and superoxide generation. Interestingly, TGF-β2 upregulated α-klotho expression in the RPE cells, and genetic suppression of endogenous α-klotho aggravated TGF-β2-induced oxidative stress and EMT. Lastly, α-klotho abrogated senescence-associated signaling molecules and phenotypes induced by long-term incubation with TGF-β2. Hence, our findings indicate that the antiaging α-klotho plays a protective role against EMT and degeneration of the RPE, demonstrating the therapeutic potential for age-related retinal diseases, including the dry type of AMD.
Five-year outcomes of digital diabetic eye screening in individuals aged 80 and 85 years
Authors: Thomas Kevin , Albutt Nichola , Hamid Aisha , Wharton Helen , Jacob Sarita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the incidence of referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients aged 80 and 85 years to determine whether screening interval can be extended safely in this age group.

Methods
Patients who were aged 80 and 85 years when they attended digital screening during April 2014–March 2015 were included. Screening results at baseline and over the next four years were analysed.

Results
1880 patients aged 80 and 1105 patients aged 85 were included. Patients referred to hospital eye service (HES) for DR ranged from 0.7% to 1.4% in the 80-year-old cohort over 5 years. In this cohort a total of 76 (4%) were referred to HES for DR, of which 11 (0.6%) received treatment. Over the course of the follow up (FU), 403 (21%) died. In the 85-year-old cohort, referral to HES for DR each year ranged from 0.1% to 1.3%. In this cohort a total of 27 (2.4%) were referred to HES for DR, of which 4 (0.4%) received treatment. Over the course of follow-up 541(49%) died. All treated cases were for maculopathy in both cohorts and there were no cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment.

Conclusion
This study showed that the risk of progression of retinopathy is quite low in this age group and only a small proportion of patients developed referable retinopathy requiring treatment. This suggests relooking at the need for screening and ideal screening intervals in patients aged 80 years and over with no referable DR as they can be potentially classed as a group with low risk of sight loss.
Quantum behavior of the Duffing oscillator at the dissipative phase transition
Authors: Chen Qi-Ming , Fischer Michael , Nojiri Yuki , Renger Michael , Xie Edwar , Partanen Matti , Pogorzalek Stefan , Fedorov Kirill G. , Marx Achim , Deppe Frank , Gross Rudolf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe non-deterministic behavior of the Duffing oscillator is classically attributed to the coexistence of two steady states in a double-well potential. However, this interpretation fails in the quantum-mechanical perspective which predicts a single unique steady state. Here, we measure the non-equilibrium dynamics of a superconducting Duffing oscillator and experimentally reconcile the classical and quantum descriptions as indicated by the Liouvillian spectral theory. We demonstrate that the two classically regarded steady states are in fact quantum metastable states. They have a remarkably long lifetime but must eventually relax into the single unique steady state allowed by quantum mechanics. By engineering their lifetime, we observe a first-order dissipative phase transition and reveal the two distinct phases by quantum state tomography. Our results reveal a smooth quantum state evolution behind a sudden dissipative phase transition and form an essential step towards understanding the intriguing phenomena in driven-dissipative systems.
Conjugated cross-linked phosphine as broadband light or sunlight-driven photocatalyst for large-scale atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Fang Wei-Wei , Yang Gui-Yu , Fan Zi-Hui , Chen Zi-Chao , Hu Xun-Liang , Zhan Zhen , Hussain Irshad , Lu Yang , He Tao , Tan Bi-En 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of light to regulate photocatalyzed reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) under mild conditions, especially driven by broadband light or sunlight directly, is highly desired. But the development of a suitable photocatalyzed polymerization system for large-scale production of polymers, especially block copolymers, has remained a big challenge. Herein, we report the development of a phosphine-based conjugated hypercrosslinked polymer (PPh3-CHCP) photocatalyst for an efficient large-scale photoinduced copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP). Monomers including acrylates and methyl acrylates can achieve near-quantitative conversions under a wide range (450–940 nm) of radiations or sunlight directly. The photocatalyst could be easily recycled and reused. The sunlight-driven Cu-ATRP allowed the synthesis of homopolymers at 200 mL from various monomers, and monomer conversions approached 99% in clouds intermittency with good control over polydispersity. In addition, block copolymers at 400 mL scale can also be obtained, which demonstrates its great potential for industrial applications.
Antibody binding reports spatial heterogeneities in cell membrane organization
Authors: Arnold Daniel P. , Xu Yaxin , Takatori Sho C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spatial organization of cell membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids is critical for mediating the binding of ligands, receptors, and macromolecules on the plasma membrane. However, we currently do not have the methods to quantify the spatial heterogeneities of macromolecular crowding on live cell surfaces. In this work, we combine experiment and simulation to report crowding heterogeneities on reconstituted membranes and live cell membranes with nanometer spatial resolution. By quantifying the effective binding affinity of IgG monoclonal antibodies to engineered antigen sensors, we discover sharp gradients in crowding within a few nanometers of the crowded membrane surface. Our measurements on human cancer cells support the hypothesis that raft-like membrane domains exclude bulky membrane proteins and glycoproteins. Our facile and high-throughput method to quantify spatial crowding heterogeneities on live cell membranes may facilitate monoclonal antibody design and provide a mechanistic understanding of plasma membrane biophysical organization.
Cisplatin toxicity is counteracted by the activation of the p38/ATF-7 signaling pathway in post-mitotic C. elegans
Authors: Raj Dorota , Kraish Bashar , Martikainen Jari , Podraza-Farhanieh Agnieszka , Kao Gautam , Naredi Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCisplatin kills proliferating cells via DNA damage but also has profound effects on post-mitotic cells in tumors, kidneys, and neurons. However, the effects of cisplatin on post-mitotic cells are still poorly understood. Among model systems, C. elegans adults are unique in having completely post-mitotic somatic tissues. The p38 MAPK pathway controls ROS detoxification via SKN-1/NRF and immune responses via ATF-7/ATF2. Here, we show that p38 MAPK pathway mutants are sensitive to cisplatin, but while cisplatin exposure increases ROS levels, skn-1 mutants are resistant. Cisplatin exposure leads to phosphorylation of PMK-1/MAPK and ATF-7 and the IRE-1/TRF-1 signaling module functions upstream of the p38 MAPK pathway to activate signaling. We identify the response proteins whose increased abundance depends on IRE-1/p38 MAPK activity as well as cisplatin exposure. Four of these proteins are necessary for protection from cisplatin toxicity, which is characterized by necrotic death. We conclude that the p38 MAPK pathway-driven proteins are crucial for adult cisplatin resilience.
Coherent control of an ultrabright single spin in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature
Authors: Guo Nai-Jie , Li Song , Liu Wei , Yang Yuan-Ze , Zeng Xiao-Dong , Yu Shang , Meng Yu , Li Zhi-Peng , Wang Zhao-An , Xie Lin-Ke , Ge Rong-Chun , Wang Jun-Feng , Li Qiang , Xu Jin-Shi , Wang Yi-Tao , Tang Jian-Shun , Gali Adam , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a remarkable two-dimensional (2D) material that hosts solid-state spins and has great potential to be used in quantum information applications, including quantum networks. However, in this application, both the optical and spin properties are crucial for single spins but have not yet been discovered simultaneously for hBN spins. Here, we realize an efficient method for arraying and isolating the single defects of hBN and use this method to discover a new spin defect with a high probability of 85%. This single defect exhibits outstanding optical properties and an optically controllable spin, as indicated by the observed significant Rabi oscillation and Hahn echo experiments at room temperature. First principles calculations indicate that complexes of carbon and oxygen dopants may be the origin of the single spin defects. This provides a possibility for further addressing spins that can be optically controlled.