bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mixed Methods Investigation on the Relationship Between Perceived Self-Regard, Self-Efficacy, and Commitment to Serve Among Military Medical Students
Authors: Nevins Natalie A , Singer-Chang Gail , Dailey Stephanie F , Roche Rosellen , Dong Fanglong , Peters Sara N , Thompson Trevor , Ryznar Rebecca , LaPorta Anthony 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Routinely faced with potentially traumatizing situations, resilience is critical for military physicians. However, related studies are limited in scope. The current study distinctively combines hyper-realistic immersion training for military medical students with emotional intelligence and hardiness measures. With self-reflection shown to improve performance, qualitative inquiry was concurrently conducted in a mixed methodology approach to provide a uniquely comprehensive perspective on the resilience training needs of this population.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-four osteopathic military medical students participated in a week-long training simulating real-life combat and mass casualty events. The Emotional Quotient-Inventory 2.0 (EQ-i 2.0) and Hardiness Resilience Gauge were administered as pre- and post-test measures. Paired t-tests were used to determine statistically significant gains, and a multiple case study analysis of a six-student focus group allowed for the synchronization of quantitative and qualitative data. Institutional Review Board approval for the study was obtained through Rocky Vista University with a reciprocal agreement with Touro University California’s Institutional Review Board. All students participating in the study received written informed consent.

Results
Qualitative findings for this study aligned with this current year’s findings of statistically significant results in the improvement of the Overall EQ-i and Overall Hardiness. Qualitative responses thematically analyzed demonstrated environmental realism, adaptation, increased awareness, and positive interpersonal and clinical outlook. Notable increases occurred in all EQ-i domains except Decision-Making and Stress Tolerance. The Self-Perception domain saw significant increases in Self-Regard and Emotional Self-Awareness while Well-Being and Optimism simultaneously improved.

Conclusion
This unique pilot study showed that quantitative and qualitative results aligned, supporting the finding that a safe trauma-related training environment can improve the confidence and resilience in military medical students. The goal of this training was to promote resilience and mitigate trauma. Results demonstrate improved self-efficacy and enhanced commitment. Increases in self-awareness and confidence made participants more inclined to see their worth and strengthened their sense of duty as described in their qualitative responses. Pervasive gains suggest that the training aligned well with its purpose, and the methods employed enhanced participant experience. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess outcome sustainability.
Parametric instability in warped astrophysical discs: growth, saturation, and feedback
Authors: Fairbairn Callum W , Ogilvie Gordon I 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Attempts to understand the dynamics of warped astrophysical discs have garnered significant attention, largely motivated by the growing catalogue of observed distorted systems. Previous studies have shown that the evolution of the warp is crucially regulated by the internal flow fields established by the undulating geometry. These are typically modelled as laminar horizontal, shearing flows which oscillate back and forth at approximately the orbital frequency. However this shearing motion is known to be susceptible to a hydrodynamic, parametric instability of inertial waves which might modify the warped dynamics. Whilst the linear growth phase is well understood, the subsequent non-linear saturation combined with the self-consistent feedback onto the warp has not been studied. In this work, we implement a novel numerical setup using the recent ring model framework of Fairbairn and Ogilvie, within the Lagrangian code gizmo. We formally identify several locally growing modes in the simulation, as predicted by a three-mode coupling analysis of the instability, and find decent agreement with the theoretical growth rates. We understand the saturation mechanism as a wave breaking process which suppresses the growth of shorter wavelength parametric couplings first, whilst allowing the longest mode to dominate the final quasi-steady, wave-like turbulence. The Reynolds stresses, transporting energy from the warp to the small scales, can be effectively modelled using a time-dependent, anisotropic viscous alpha model which closely captures the amplitude and phase evolution of the warp. Consequently, this model might help inform future global studies which are commonplace but typically do not resolve the parametric instability.
How Many Sirtuin Genes Are Out There? Evolution of Sirtuin Genes in Vertebrates With a Description of a New Family Member
Authors: Opazo Juan C , Vandewege Michael W , Hoffmann Federico G , Zavala Kattina , Meléndez Catalina , Luchsinger Charlotte , Cavieres Viviana A , Vargas-Chacoff Luis , Morera Francisco J , Burgos Patricia V , Tapia-Rojas Cheril , Mardones Gonzalo A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudying the evolutionary history of gene families is a challenging and exciting task with a wide range of implications. In addition to exploring fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of genes, disentangling their evolution is also critical to those who do functional/structural studies to allow a deeper and more precise interpretation of their results in an evolutionary context. The sirtuin gene family is a group of genes that are involved in a variety of biological functions mostly related to aging. Their duplicative history is an open question, as well as the definition of the repertoire of sirtuin genes among vertebrates. Our results show a well-resolved phylogeny that represents an improvement in our understanding of the duplicative history of the sirtuin gene family. We identified a new sirtuin gene family member (SIRT3.2) that was apparently lost in the last common ancestor of amniotes but retained in all other groups of jawed vertebrates. According to our experimental analyses, elephant shark SIRT3.2 protein is located in mitochondria, the overexpression of which leads to an increase in cellular levels of ATP. Moreover, in vitro analysis demonstrated that it has deacetylase activity being modulated in a similar way to mammalian SIRT3. Our results indicate that there are at least eight sirtuin paralogs among vertebrates and that all of them can be traced back to the last common ancestor of the group that existed between 676 and 615 millions of years ago.
Single-cell transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the cellular origins and drivers of brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Zihao , Wang Yaning , Chang Mengqi , Wang Yuekun , Liu Peng , Wu Jianqiang , Wang Guige , Tang Xiaoyue , Hui Xiangyi , Liu Penghao , Guo Xiaopeng , Xing Bing , Wang Yu , Han Zhijun , Ma Wenbin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Brain metastasis (BM) is the most common intracranial malignancy causing significant mortality, and lung cancer is the most common origin of BM. However, the cellular origins and drivers of BM from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have yet to be defined.

Methods
The cellular constitutions were characterized by single-cell transcriptomic profiles of 11 LUAD primary tumor (PT) and 10 BM samples (GSE131907). Copy number variation (CNV) and clonality analysis were applied to illustrate the cellular origins of BM tumors. Brain metastasis-associated epithelial cells (BMAECs) were identified by pseudotime trajectory analysis. By using machine-learning algorithms, we developed the BM-index representing the relative abundance of BMAECs in the bulk RNA-seq data indicating a high risk of BM. Therapeutic drugs targeting BMAECs were predicted based on the drug sensitivity data of cancer cell lines.

Results
Differences in macrophages and T cells between PTs and BMs were investigated by single-cell RNA (scRNA) and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence data. CNV analysis demonstrated BM was derived from subclones of PT with a gain of chromosome 7. We then identified BMAECs and their biomarker, S100A9. Immunofluorescence indicated strong correlations of BMAECs with metastasis and prognosis evaluated by the paired PT and BM samples from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. We further evaluated the clinical significance of the BM-index and identified 7 drugs that potentially target BMAECs.

Conclusions
This study clarified possible cellular origins and drivers of metastatic LUAD at the single-cell level and laid a foundation for early detection of LUAD patients with a high risk of BM.
A Public Problem, 1867–1905
Authors: Gray Elizabeth Kelly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drug addiction in America began to receive sustained public attention in the late 1860s, with publications promoting treatments, describing habitués’ abasement, and defending white, middle-class users. Publications, including habitués’ memoirs and doctors’ writings, made people who were addicted feel less isolated. Most writings focused on opiates, especially morphine, while chloral hydrate was briefly a drug of choice. Doctors sought effective treatments, and charlatans promoted quack remedies to “cure” addiction. Descriptions of users’ degradation intrigued readers while conveying how intense addiction could be. Some writers defended businessmen—“brain workers”—who became addicted. They asserted that their workdays, hectic due to rapid means of transportation and communication, drained their energy. Consequently, they took drugs to restore their vitality. These writers suggested that the workdays of “muscle workers” were unhurried and that, therefore, they had no need or excuse to use drugs. Such a view ignored other prevalent sources of anxiety.
Setting the Scene
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces the key terms used throughout the book, including sex, gender, men, male, and masculinity. It also describes some of the approaches in the study of men and masculinities, including hegemonic masculinity, positive masculinities, toxic masculinities, and caring masculinities, in addition to sketching out a brief history of language and masculinities studies, showing how this work becomes part of the broader field of language, gender, and sexuality. Finally, the chapter sets out a discussion of men, masculinities, and gender politics, particularly in relation to power and violence.
Approaches to Analyzing Language and Masculinities
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 introduces the methodological nuts and bolts used in the analyses, contextualizing the book in relation to existing studies in the field of language and masculinities. It outlines the data that form the basis of the analytical accounts in later chapters, from newspaper articles and television shows to social networking sites and online forums, setting out why these are useful locales for the study of language and masculinities. It also introduces the different methodologies used to explore these data sets, including critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics, showing how existing research in these areas has contributed to our understanding of language and masculinities. The chapter ends by discussing a number of issues related to ethics, the impact of the EU General Data Protection Regulation on linguistic research, working with ‘unlikeable subjects’, and the question of researcher safety and managing risk.
The Language of Fatherhood 2.0
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the online construction of fatherhood. As such, this work dovetails with an emergent research agenda which is broadly concerned with the intersection of fatherhood and digital technologies, especially social media spaces. The chapter has three aims. The first is to sketch out some of the background literature on fatherhood and masculinities. The second is to discuss existing work in language and gender studies which focuses on parenting, tracing the main concerns of this research as they relate to motherhood and fatherhood. Building on the caring masculinities approach, the chapter then presents an analysis of data collected from a fatherhood forum. This analysis is one of the first attempts to unite a critical analysis of fatherhood and masculinities with close attention to the linguistic practice deployed by fathers in online spaces.
“Hi-yo, Silver!”The Birth of TV Music
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores the beginnings of music for television, which follows radio tradition by using classical music for some shows (The Lone Ranger), and original scores for a very few series (Dragnet), while most—the result of the American musicians’ union’s insistence upon high fees—utilize libraries of generic dramatic music or go overseas to record music that enables producers to skirt union rules. Movie studios (Fox, Disney, Warner Bros.) eventually create content for TV and commission original scores. One major film composer near the end of his career (Victor Young) scores a series, while another just starting out, CBS’s Jerry Goldsmith, emerges from live TV before moving on to success in motion pictures.
“My name is Kunta Kinte”Made-for-TV Movies and Miniseries
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Made-for-TV movies and miniseries, which begin in the early 1960s, have attracted high-profile composers: Oscar winners like Franz Waxman and Malcolm Arnold finished their careers with telefilms, while John Williams earned his first two Emmys for TV-movies (Heidi, Jane Eyre) en route to an Oscar-laden career in fllms. Michel Legrand’s “Brian’s Song” was a hit, and James Bond composer John Barry came to TV for acclaimed work in the 1970s. Four of five Emmys won by Jerry Goldsmith were for TV-movies and miniseries, including QB VII and Masada, both films that appealed to his Jewish ancestry. The landmark Roots had behind-the-scenes musical turmoil as Quincy Jones was fired but won an Emmy anyway. Bruce Broughton won a record 10 Emmys, mostly for TV-movies and miniseries, and Basil Poledouris won for Lonesome Dove, TV’s finest western. Ennio Morricone came to TV with brilliant scores for Moses and Marco Polo, but hated how his music was treated and vowed not to return to American TV. Maurice Jarre’s Jesus of Nazareth and Shogun benefited from his ethnomusicological approach to far-off places and times. Laurence Rosenthal’s Peter the Great won an Emmy for his authentic treatment of ancient Russian sounds. Rich Man, Poor Man (Alex North), The Thorn Birds (Henry Mancini), and Sins (Francis Lai) boasted scores by top film composers. Leading American classical composers contributed scores for King Lear (Virgil Thomson), Hemingway (Aaron Copland), and the history of CBS (Leonard Bernstein).
“This is the way”Music for Cable and Streaming Services
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Music for cable and streaming services, unencumbered by commercial network restrictions, was an attractive outlet for composers in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. And changing times also meant more opportunities for women and people of color as composers for TV. Early examples: the Latin jazz theme for Sex and the City, the Django Reinhardt–style Monk, and the Caribbean-influenced Dexter music. The Sopranos and The Wire broke precedent by going without conventional scores, only songs in the narrative. Thomas Newman won an Emmy for his Six Feet Under theme; the music of House of Cards won two more, Game of Thrones two more for music in the wildly popular fantasy series (also inspiring millions of YouTube takeoffs on the theme). Up-and-comer Bear McCreary scored multiple cable series, including the revived Battlestar Galactica and the new Outlander. Spinoffs from older shows include Star Trek: Discovery and Lost in Space, both with compelling orchestral scores. Period pieces including Deadwood, Rome, The Tudors, and The Borgias offered memorable, appropriate music. Michael Kamen did his best work for the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon and the World War II Band of Brothers, and Thomas Newman wrote one of the greatest scores in TV history for Angels in America—none even nominated for the Emmy, pointing up flaws in the voting procedures. Laura Karpman did lauded work for the sci-fi Taken. Music supervision gained traction as a key component in many series, notably Grey’s Anatomy and Glee on network, Breaking Bad on cable.
Introduction
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Historians of geology have occasionally pointed to flaws and discrepancies in the traditional account of the eighteenth-century “discovery” of geological time. However, a combination of cultural blindness and the state of scholarship in relevant fields have always prevented in-depth analyses and the elaboration of a more consistent alternative. This study builds on recent literature, an interdisciplinary approach, and on previously unexploited sources to deliver a radically new history of deep time that discloses the complexity, social reach, and intellectual boldness of medieval and early modern Earth history. By overturning the assumption of an eighteenth-century “discovery” of deep time, On the Edge of Eternity shows that an ancient Earth was imaginable, imagined, and freely and openly discussed.
Vernacular Earths, 1250–1500
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The notion of a timeless Earth was not restricted to the small intellectual elite that communicated in Latin. This chapter focuses on medieval and early Renaissance Tuscany to show that the idea of an ancient world spread unhindered in vernacular culture and was easily appropriated by artists, craftsmen, and merchants. The Earth and its strata were extensively studied for practical reasons by builders, hydraulic engineers, and water prospectors, while artists began to portray its surface as a landscape of natural ruins scarred by the passing of time. When the most famous of the Renaissance artists/engineers, Leonardo da Vinci, turned to the problem of the nature and evolution of the Earth in the early 1500s, the idea that the terraqueous globe might have been only a few thousand years old never crossed his mind.
Morphology
Authors: Leben William R. , Kessler Brett , Denning Keith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the basic types of word structure and illustrates how words can be broken down into meaningful constituents. Every word has at least a root. Some words have more than one root, and in many words the root combines with affixes to form complex words. One of the challenges of word analysis is that the meaning of a word element may change depending on neighboring elements. English also coins some new words by blending two or more elements without regard for their morphological structure. For example, the word webinar, created by blending web with seminar, ignores the morphological structure of seminar (base semin + ending -ar) and simply replaces the first syllable, sem, with web. Blends like this one are highly popular nowadays, but most English words are the products of affixation or compounding.
Regular Allomorphy; Numeric Elements
Authors: Leben William R. , Kessler Brett , Denning Keith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Some English allomorphy is quite regular. This chapter describes a representative set of predictable allomorphs as the output of phonological rules applying to the original, classical pronunciations. The fifteen rules in this chapter involve assimilation, deletion, insertion, rhotacism, weakening, vowel coloring, and coalescence of consonants. The chapter ends with a section on morphemes for numbers. Included are very small and very large ones, most of them based on classical Latin or Greek.
Controlling affordability: pricing and taxation strategies
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Casswell Sally , Graham Kathryn , Huckle Taisia , Livingston Michael , Österberg Esa , Rehm Jürgen , Room Robin , Rossow Ingeborg , Sornpaisarn Bundit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the aims, mechanisms, and effects of alcohol taxation and pricing policies, two crucial economic strategies that have substantial implications for the prevention of alcohol-related problems. Economic research and theory are reviewed to evaluate how alcohol taxation and prices affect alcohol consumption and associated harms and what other factors moderate the effects of price changes. Hundreds of studies demonstrate that alcohol prices have an effect on alcohol consumption and related problems, including mortality rates, crime, and traffic accidents. Alcohol taxes are thus an attractive instrument of alcohol policy, as they can be used both to generate direct revenue for the government and to reduce alcohol-related harms. In addition to alcohol excise tax rates, evidence supports the proposition that raising the minimum price of the cheapest beverages is effective in influencing heavy drinkers and in reducing rates of harm.
Regulating the physical availability of alcohol
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Casswell Sally , Graham Kathryn , Huckle Taisia , Livingston Michael , Österberg Esa , Rehm Jürgen , Room Robin , Rossow Ingeborg , Sornpaisarn Bundit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the scientific evidence on limiting the physical availability of beverage alcohol as an approach to reducing alcohol consumption and problems. It focuses on the nature of the regulatory systems used to manage alcohol sales and reviews the literature on restrictions relating to when, where, and to whom alcohol can be sold. Studies of restrictions on alcohol availability support the conclusion that such strategies can contribute to the reduction of alcohol problems. The best available evidence comes from studies of changes in retail availability, including reductions in the hours and days of sale, limits on the number of alcohol outlets, and restrictions on retail access to alcohol for young people. These studies consistently show that restrictions on availability are associated with reductions in both alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, although effectiveness can vary, depending on contexts, drinking cultures, and enforcement levels.
Education and persuasion strategies
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Casswell Sally , Graham Kathryn , Huckle Taisia , Livingston Michael , Österberg Esa , Rehm Jürgen , Room Robin , Rossow Ingeborg , Sornpaisarn Bundit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Education and persuasion efforts favouring abstention, drinking less, or avoiding harms from drinking are common but in many societies operate as counter-advertising, given the substantial commercial marketing of alcohol. The main approaches which are described in this chapter include: public information campaigns; warning labels and drinking guidelines; school-based and family-inclusive programmes; and higher education-based programmes. The studies of these approaches find effectiveness in changing drinking behaviour or harms is generally limited, with some targeted programmes showing more success. Also described are programmes to build community support for public health-oriented alcohol policies, which show some success in that aim.