bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world experience of tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibition with entrectinib in ETV6‐NTRK3 positive metastatic salivary secretory carcinoma: A case series
Authors: Yokota Tomoya , Yukino Hiroki , Doi Mihoko , Ohori Hisatsugu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of entrectinib, a potent inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinases, c‐ros oncogene 1, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase has been demonstrated in neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase fusion‐positive pediatric and adult solid tumors. However, real‐world data on entrectinib therapy for salivary gland malignancies are limited.MethodsWe describe a multicenter case series of four consecutive patients with ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion‐positive metastatic salivary secretory carcinoma (SSC) treated with entrectinib.ResultsAll patients had a prior history of systemic therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. All patients achieved durable radiographic complete response. Adverse events included weight gain, dizziness, increase in creatine kinase level, and withdrawal pain, but were manageable by the interruption and dose reduction of entrectinib.ConclusionDurable complete response was achieved with entrectinib in patients with ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion‐positive metastatic SSC. The clinical benefit of entrectinib supports the importance of routine screening for NTRK gene fusion in patients with SSC.
Short‐term prediction of stream turbidity using surrogate data and a meta‐model approach: A case study
Authors: Rele Bhargav , Hogan Caleb , Kandanaarachchi Sevvandi , Leigh Catherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany water‐quality monitoring programs aim to measure turbidity to help guide effective management of waterways and catchments, yet distributing turbidity sensors throughout networks is typically cost prohibitive. To this end, we built and compared the ability of dynamic regression (auto‐regressive integrated moving average [ARIMA]), long short‐term memory neural nets (LSTM), and generalized additive models (GAM) to forecast stream turbidity one step ahead, using surrogate data from relatively low‐cost in‐situ sensors and publicly available databases. We iteratively trialled combinations of four surrogate covariates (rainfall, water level, air temperature and total global solar exposure) selecting a final model for each type that minimized the corrected Akaike information criterion. Cross‐validation using a rolling time‐window indicated that ARIMA, which included the rainfall and water‐level covariates only, produced the most accurate predictions, followed closely by GAM, which included all four covariates. However, according to the no‐free‐lunch theorems in machine learning, no single model has an advantage over all other models for all instances. Therefore, we constructed a meta‐model, trained on time‐series features of turbidity, to take advantage of the strengths of each model over different time points and predict the best model (that with the lowest forecast error one‐step prior) for each time step. The meta‐model outperformed all other models, indicating that this methodology can yield high accuracy and may be a viable alternative to using measurements sourced directly from turbidity‐sensors where costs prohibit their deployment and maintenance, and when predicting turbidity across the short term. Our findings also indicated that temperature and light‐associated variables, for example underwater illuminance, may hold promise as cost‐effective, high‐frequency surrogates of turbidity, especially when combined with other covariates, like rainfall, that are typically measured at coarse levels of spatial resolution.
What influences dental students’ attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults? A scoping review
Authors: Bulgarelli Alexandre F , Santos Camila M , Tôrres Luísa H N , Childs Christopher A , Souza Fernanda L R , Gehrke Gabriela Hammes , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the literature to evaluate dental students’ attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults.MethodsA scoping review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses/PRISMA guidelines to identify articles from four electronic databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and AgeLine. Gray literature searches were also performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses‐Health and Medicine.ResultsEleven articles were assessed. The majority (72, 72%) were published between 2011 and 2020, evidencing various contexts of dental students, such as different countries and cultures, and levels of education. The most commonly used tool/instrument to survey dental students’ attitudes was the Aging Semantic Differential Scale. Student age, race, and marital status did not seem to interfere with dental students’ attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults.ConclusionsDental students tend to have a positive attitude toward older people. In this context, female students, students who interact with older people, and clinical students have more positive attitudes than male and nonclinical students.
Microwave‐ultrasonic assisted synthesis, and characterization of novel 3′‐(amino, hydrazino and hydrazide)‐6′‐bromo‐spiro(isobenzofuran‐1,2′‐quinazoline)‐3,4′‐dione derivatives as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Algohary Ayman M. , Hassan A. M. A. , Alzahrani Abdullah Y. , Rizk Sameh A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy attempts to construct new antimicrobial agents, a series of mono‐and dibromo of 3′‐(oxiranyl, hydrazide, oxadiazolo and pyrazolo)‐methylene‐spiro[isobenzofuran‐1,2′‐quinazoline]‐3,4′(3′H)‐dione derivatives were synthesized through the interaction between 6‐bromo and/or 6,8‐dibromo‐spiroiso‐benzofuran‐1,2′‐quinazolindione with carbon electrophiles, namely, ethyl chloroacetate, epichlorohydrin, chloroacetyl chloride and phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5). Reaction of ethylester of spiroquinazolindione with hydrazine hydrate under MW‐US and UV reaction condition (green tool saves time and energy) to afford spiroquinazolindione hydrazide that used as preparatory materials for the synthesis of novel spiroquinazolin‐dione. Most of the created compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The 6‐bromo or 6,8‐dibromo quinazolin‐3,4‐dione nucleus bears oxirane hydrazino acetyl, hydrazide, oxadiazole and pyrazole moieties at position (3) and were the most potent against the gram‐positive bacteria, gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi comparable to Chloramphenicol and Fluconazole.
Prevalence and influences of diabetes and prediabetes among adults living with HIV in Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Peer Nasheeta , Nguyen Kim Anh , Hill Jillian , Sumner Anne E. , Cikomola Justin Cirhuza , Nachega Jean Bisimwa , Kengne Andre‐Pascal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), traditional cardiovascular risk factors, exposure to HIV per se and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are assumed to contribute to cardiometabolic diseases. Nevertheless, controversy exists on the relationship of HIV and ART with diabetes. To clarify the relationship between HIV and type 2 diabetes, this review determined, in PLHIV in Africa, diabetes and prediabetes prevalence, and the extent to which their relationship was modified by socio‐demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), diagnostic definitions used for diabetes and prediabetes, and HIV‐related characteristics, including CD4 count, and use and duration of ART.MethodsFor this systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42021231547), a comprehensive search of major databases (PubMed‐MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and WHO Global Health Library) was conducted. Original research articles published between 2000 and 2021 in English and French were included, irrespective of study design, data collection techniques and diagnostic definitions used. Observational studies comprising at least 30 PLHIV and reporting on diabetes and/or prediabetes prevalence in Africa were included. Study‐specific estimates were pooled using random effects models to generate the overall prevalence for each diagnostic definition. Data analyses used R statistical software and “meta” package.ResultsOf the 2614 records initially screened, 366 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility and 61 were selected. In the systematic review, all studies were cross‐sectional by design and clinic‐based, except for five population‐based studies. Across studies included in the meta‐analysis, the proportion of men was 16–84%. Mean/median age was 30–62 years. Among 86,412 and 7976 participants, diabetes and prediabetes prevalence rates were 5.1% (95% CI: 4.3–5.9) and 15.1% (9.7–21.5). Self‐reported diabetes (3.5%) was lower than when combined with biochemical assessments (6.2%; 7.2%).DiscussionWhile not statistically significant, diabetes and prediabetes were higher with greater BMI, in older participants, urban residents and more recent publications. Diabetes and prediabetes were not significantly different by HIV‐related factors, including CD4 count and ART.ConclusionsAlthough HIV‐related factors did not modify prevalence, the diabetes burden in African PLHIV was considerable with suboptimal detection, and likely influenced by traditional risk factors. Furthermore, high prediabetes prevalence foreshadows substantial increases in future diabetes in African PLHIV.
Pdgfrβ+ lineage cells transiently increase at the site of Achilles tendon healing
Authors: Leong Natalie L. , Wu Jocelyn , Greskovich Kathryn E. , Li Yang , Jiang Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to track platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (Pdgfr‐β) lineage cells at the site of Achilles tendon injury over time. Pdgfr‐β‐CreERT2:Ai9 mice were generated to track Pdgfr‐β lineage cells in adult mice. A surgical Achilles transection injury model was employed to examine the presence of Pdgfr‐β lineage cells in the healing tendon over time, with five mice per time point at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days postoperatively. Histology and immunohistochemistry for tdTomato (Pdgfr‐β lineage cells), PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cell proliferation), and α‐SMA (α‐smooth muscle actin, myofibroblasts) were performed. The percentage of cells at the healing tendon site staining positive for tdTomato and PCNA were quantified. Over 75% of cells at the injury site were Pdgfr‐β lineage cells at Days 3, 7, and 14, and this percentage decreased significantly by Days 28 and 56 postinjury. Cell proliferation at the injury site peaked on Day 7 and decreased thereafter. Immunohistochemistry for α‐SMA demonstrated minimal colocalization of myofibroblasts with Pdgfr‐β lineage cells. This study demonstrates that in a mouse model of Achilles tendon injury, Pdgfr‐β lineage cells' presence at the injury site is transient. Thus, we conclude that they are unlikely to be the cells that differentiate into myofibroblasts and directly contribute to tendon fibrous scar formation. Clinical Significance: This study provides some insight into the presence of Pdgfr‐β lineage cells (including pericytes) following Achilles injury, furthering our understanding of tendon healing.
Tricompartment offloader knee brace reduces contact forces in adults with multicompartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Bishop Emily L. , McGibbon Chris A. , Kuntze Gregor , Clark Marcia L. , Cowper‐Smith Chris , Ronsky Janet L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe levitation tricompartment offloader (TCO) brace is designed to unload all three knee compartments by reducing compressive forces caused by muscle contraction. This study aimed to determine the effect of the TCO on knee contact forces and quadriceps muscle activity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography data were collected during a chair rise‐and‐lower task. A three‐dimensional inverse dynamics model of the lower leg and foot was used with a sagittal plane knee model to compute knee joint forces. TCO brace use significantly decreased forces in the tibiofemoral [p = 0.001; mean difference, MD (97.5% confidence interval, CI) −0.62 (−0.91, −0.33) body weight (BW)] and patellofemoral [p = 0.001; MD (97.5% CI) −0.88 (−1.36, −0.39) BW] compartments in high‐power mode. Significant reductions in quadriceps tendon force [p = 0.002; MD (97.5% CI) −0.53 (−0.83, −0.23) BW] and electromyography intensity of the vastus medialis [p = 0.018, MD (97.5% CI) −30.7 (−59.1, −2.3)] and vastus lateralis [p = 0.012, MD (97.5% CI) −26.2 (−48.5, −3.9)] were also observed. The TCO significantly reduced tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact forces throughout chair lower, and when knee flexion was greater than 50° during chair rise in high power. These results demonstrate that the TCO reduces contact forces in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint compartments and confirms that the TCO unloads the joint by reducing compressive forces caused by the quadriceps. Clinical significance: The magnitude of knee joint unloading provided by the TCO is similar to that achieved by clinically recommended levels of bodyweight loss and is therefore expected to result in clinical benefits for knee osteoarthritis patients.
Advances in two‐dimensional engineered nanomaterials applications for the agro‑ and food‐industries
Authors: Godínez‐García Francisco Javier , Guerrero‐Rivera Rubén , Martínez‐Rivera José Antonio , Gamero‐Inda Eduardo , Ortiz‐Medina Josué 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and other layered compounds, are the subject of intense theoretical and experimental research for applications in a wide range of advanced technological solutions, given their outstanding physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In the context of food science and technology, their contributions are starting to appear, based on the advantages that two‐dimensional nanostructures offer to agricultural‑ and food‐related key topics, such as sustainable water use, nano‐agrochemicals, novel nanosensing devices, and smart packaging technologies. These application categories facilitate the grasping of the current and potential uses of such advanced nanomaterials in the field, backed by their advantageous physical, chemical, and structural properties. Developments for water cleaning and reuse, efficient nanofertilizers and pesticides, ultrasensitive sensors for food contamination, and intelligent nanoelectronic disposable food packages are among the most promising application examples reviewed here and demonstrate the tremendous impact that further developments would have in the area as the fundamental and applied research of two‐dimensional nanostructures continues. We expect this work will contribute to a better understanding of the promising characteristics of two‐dimensional nanomaterials that could be used for the design of novel and feasible solutions in the agriculture and food areas. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Validating a Simplified Lung Ultrasound Protocol for Detection and Quantification of Pulmonary Edema in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Hallgren Carl , Svensson Carl Johan , Ullerstam Tobias , Olin Max , Dezfoolian Hamid , Kashioulis Pavlos , Oras Jonatan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesPulmonary edema is a common clinical problem and lung ultrasound (LUS) presents an efficient method for evaluating this pathology. This study aims to investigate if a clinically efficient LUS protocol can quantify the level of extravascular lung fluid in patients receiving hemodialysis, and to develop a simplified B‐line scoring system based on this protocol.MethodsA simple 8‐area LUS approach was used for the assessment of the extravascular fluid status in patients before, during, and after receiving hemodialysis. The LUS assessments were compared to the amount of removed fluid over time. To determine the best B‐line score system, different scorings for each zone were tested in a linear mixed model with pseudo R‐square model fit against removed fluid. The B‐line score was further validated through correlations with changes in oxygen saturation, grade of dyspnea, and body weight over time.ResultsA total of 53 patients were included and examined on 108 hemodialysis occasions. Median fluid removal was 2.3 L. The B‐line score model with best fit was a score of 0 points in a zone with 0 or 1 B‐lines, 1 point with 2 or 3 B‐lines, 2 points with 3 or more B‐lines, and 3 points with any interstitial confluence. Using this B‐line score, we found a significant association with amount of removed fluid, oxygen saturation, grade of dyspnea, and change in body weight.ConclusionA straightforward protocol for LUS and B‐line score system was shown valid for quantification of pulmonary edema and fluid removal in hemodialysis patients. The scoring system developed here can be useful also in other patient groups, but this requires further validation.
A characterization of well‐posedness for the second order abstract Cauchy problems with finite delay
Authors: Ghavidel Seyedeh Marzieh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a strongly continuous one‐parameter family of bounded linear operators that completely describes the well‐posedness of a second order abstract differential delay equation in the initial history space , . This family, which satisfies a specific functional equation is applied to characterize the mild solution of the considered second order delay equation.
Killing vector fields on Riemannian and Lorentzian 3‐manifolds
Authors: Aazami Amir Babak , Ream Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe give a complete local classification of all Riemannian 3‐manifolds admitting a nonvanishing Killing vector field T. We then extend this classification to timelike Killing vector fields on Lorentzian 3‐manifolds, which are automatically nonvanishing. The two key ingredients needed in our classification are the scalar curvature S of g and the function , where Ric is the Ricci tensor; in fact their sum appears as the Gaussian curvature of the quotient metric obtained from the action of T. Our classification generalizes that of Sasakian structures, which is the special case when . We also give necessary, and separately, sufficient conditions, both expressed in terms of , for g to be locally conformally flat. We then move from the local to the global setting, and prove two results: in the event that T has unit length and the coordinates derived in our classification are globally defined on , we give conditions under which S completely determines when the metric will be geodesically complete. In the event that the 3‐manifold M is compact, we give a condition stating when it admits a metric of constant positive sectional curvature.
Investigation of the antibacterial mechanism of the novel bactericide dioctyldiethylenetriamine (Xinjunan)
Authors: Jin Ling , Chen Xing , Pang Chaoyue , Zhou Li , Liu Yu , Sun Yang , Xu Liang , Wang Yongxing , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical control is an important method for tackling crop diseases. Clarifying the antibacterial mechanisms of bactericides is useful for developing new bactericides and for continuous plant disease control. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of a novel bactericide, dioctyldiethylenetriamine (Xinjunan), which affects adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, was investigated.RESULTSThe results of an in vitro inhibition activity assay showed that dioctyldiethylenetriamine inhibited the growth of a variety of plant pathogenic bacteria, especially that of Xanthomonas spp. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that dioctyldiethylenetriamine caused cell distortion and rupture. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the antibacterial effect of dioctyldiethylenetriamine, transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo, PXO99A) treated with dioctyldiethylenetriamine, which has strong antibacterial effects against xanthomonads. The results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched mainly in the oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways after treatment. Moreover, the dioctyldiethylenetriamine treatment exhibited reduction in enzyme activities in the TCA cycle, decreased intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and ATP contents, and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, dioctyldiethylenetriamine exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth of other bacterial pathogens by reducing ATP synthesis.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of the mechanism by which dioctyldiethylenetriamine inhibits ATP synthesis by affecting oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle pathways in bacteria. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Revisiting deep neural network test coverage from the test effectiveness perspective
Authors: Yan Ming , Chen Junjie , Cao Xuejie , Wu Zhuo , Kang Yuning , Wang Zan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany test coverage metrics have been proposed to measure the deep neural network (DNN) testing effectiveness, including structural coverage and nonstructural coverage. These test coverage metrics are proposed based on the fundamental assumption: They are correlated with test effectiveness. However, the fundamental assumption is still not validated sufficiently and reasonably, which brings question on the usefulness of DNN test coverage. This paper conducted a revisiting study on the existing DNN test coverage from the test effectiveness perspective, to effectively validate the fundamental assumption. Here, we carefully considered the diversity of subjects, three test effectiveness criteria, and both typical and state‐of‐the‐art test coverage metrics. Different from all the existing studies that deliver negative conclusions on the usefulness of existing DNN test coverage, we identified some positive conclusions on their usefulness from the test effectiveness perspective. In particular, we found the complementary relationship between structural and nonstructural coverage and identified the practical usage scenarios and promising research directions for these existing test coverage metrics.
Optoelectronic Synaptic Memtransistor Based on 2D SnSe/MoS2 van der Waals Heterostructure under UV–Ozone Treatment
Authors: Yan Yuling , Yu Niannian , Yu Ziyan , Su Yupeng , Chen Jiawei , Xiang Tao , Han Yuenan , Wang Jiafu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMemristive switching devices with electrically and optically invoked synaptic behaviors show great promise in constructing an artificial biological visual system. Through rational design and integration, 2D materials and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures can be applied to realize multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Here, a multifunctional optoelectronic synaptic memtransistor based on a SnSe/MoS2 vdW p–n heterojunction to simulate the human biological visual system is reported. By employing simple mild UV–ozone treatment, the device exhibits reversible resistive switching (RS) behavior with switching ratio up to 103. The retina‐like selective response to different input light wavelengths is activated, as well as programmable multilevel resistance states and long‐term synaptic plasticity. Moreover, memory and logic functions analogous to those found in the visual cortex of the brain are performed by controlling the optical and electrical input signals. This work proposes a feasible strategy to modulate RS in vdW heterostructures for memristive devices, which show significant potential for neuromorphic processing.