bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Generalized Riemann Integral
Authors: Purba James 
Published: January 2025

Riemann integration theory integrates functions on a bounded interval as a Riemann sum approach (integral) where the fineness of the partitions is controlled by a number (norm) of the partition. In Generalized Riemann integral theory, the Riemann sum approach of functions is controlled by a gauge on tagged partition so that enabling integrating functions with much larger collections. Therefore, the theorems that apply to Generalized Riemann integral theory have differences in their hypotheses and conclusions. In this paper, theory of Generalized Riemann integral is studied by giving some examples of functions that are Generalized Riemann integrable such that they are not Riemann integrable; and proving some theorems that apply in this theory. The functions are integrable by constructing a gauge on the tagged partition of the interval such that the Riemann sum of the function is very close to some real number. Functions defined on a bounded interval that are Generalized Riemann integrable such that they are or not Riemann integrable have the general form of the function: a function f on [a,b] is continuous on [a,b]\Z and discontinuous on Z, where Z is a null set. Moreover, an unbounded function f on [a,b] is integrable, if the set Z where f is unbounded on Z is a countable set. Furthermore, these two criteria can be extended to infinite intervals, i.e. a function defined on an infinite interval can be Generalized Riemann integrable such that it is not Riemann integrable, if the set of discontinuous and unbounded points of the function is a null set. A sequence of integrable functions on an interval I that converges to a function on I, satisfies that this limit function is integrable if it satisfies that the existence of the dominating functions.
Pengembangan Majalah Digital Berbasis Contextual Learning Sebagai Bahan Ajar Pada Materi Hakikat Ilmu Kimia Di MA Bustanul Muta’allimin Kota Blitar
Authors: Andika Moh Andika Luqmanur Rizal 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to develop a digital magazine based on contextual learning on the nature of chemistry. The research was conducted based on the importance of developing teaching materials that have criteria for attracting students' interest in the learning process. This type of research is research and development (R&D) using a 4D development flow modified to 3D. Eligibility criteria are known based on the results of validation tests and student response tests. The validation test was carried out by 4 validators, namely 2 material expert validators and 2 media expert validators to determine the level of validity of digital magazines. Furthermore, after the digital magazine was declared valid, a response test was carried out with 20 students of class X MA Bustanul Muta'allimin Blitar City to find out the student's response to the digital magazine. The results of the validation test of material experts and media experts received very valid criteria with consecutive average percentage values of 89.49% and 88.15%. The results of the response test of 20 students of class X MA Bustanul Muta'allimin Blitar City received very good criteria with an average percentage score of 84.47%.
The Development of an Educational Statistics Module Based on a Guided Discovery Learning Model Oriented to Students’ Statistical Literacy
Authors: Hafiz M , Dimyati Ahmad , Putri Finola Marta 
Published: January 2025

<p class="06ContentAbstract"><span lang="EN-GB">The low statistical literacy of students encourages lecturers to develop lecture modules that can facilitate this ability. This study aims to determine how to create a feasible, practical, and effective educational statistics module and identify the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the Guided Discovery Learning-based educational statistics module to facilitate students’ statistical literacy. This type of research is Research and Development (R&amp;D) with Plomp design with the stages of Preliminary Investigation, Design, Realization, and Evaluation. The trial subjects in this study consisted of two types, namely expert trial subjects and product trial subjects. The expert trial subjects were three lecturers of the Mathematics Education Department in one of The State University in Jakarta, while the product test subjects were seven mathematics education students in semester 4. Expert trial were conducted to assess the validity or feasibility of the products developed. The product trial was a limited trial to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of the developed product. The results showed that the developed module met the feasible, very practical, and effective criteria. This research produces a module that can be used in statistics lectures to facilitate students’ statistical literacy.</span></p><p class="06ContentAbstract"> </p><p class="06ContentAbstract"><span lang="EN-GB">Rendahnya literasi statistika mahasiswa mendorong dosen untuk mengembangkan modul perkuliahan yang dapat memfasilitasi kemampuan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara membuat modul statistika pendidikan yang layak, praktis, dan efektif serta mengetahui kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan modul statistika pendidikan berbasis Guided Discovery Learning untuk memfasilitasi literasi statistik mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&amp;D) dengan desain Plomp dengan tahapan Preliminary Investigation, Design, Realization, Evaluation. Subjek uji coba pada penelitian ini terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu subjek uji ahli dan subjek uji coba produk. Subjek uji ahli adalah tiga orang dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika di salah satu Universitas Negeri di Jakarta, sedangkan subjek uji coba produk adalah tujuh orang mahasiswa pendidikan matematika semester 4. Uji coba ahli dilakukan untuk menilai kevalidan atau kelayakan produk yang dikembangkan. Uji coba produk merupakan uji coba terbatas untuk mengevaluasi kepraktisan dan keefektifan produk yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria layak, sangat praktis dan efektif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan modul yang dapat digunakan dalam perkuliahan statistika untuk memfasilitasi literasi statistik mahasiswa.</span></p>
Development Hypothetical Learning Trajectory on Statistics Material in Grade VIII Using Realistic Mathematics Education at the Preliminary Stage with Pranata Mangsa Context
Authors: Nursyahidah Farida , Albab Irkham Ulil , Rubowo Maya Rini , Tuni’mah Lattifah , Febriansyah Muhammad Aldo , Hardiyanto Dwi , Atmaja Satriya Adika Arif 
Published: January 2025

<p class="06ContentAbstract">Statistics is a staple in the curriculum because it is considered necessary in everyday life. However, students often find statistics challenging. Students' difficulties in learning statistics are caused by several factors, including a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts and principles in solving problems. This study aimed to design and develop a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) for grade VIII statistics using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach, with Pranata Mangsa as the learning context. The method used in this research was validation-type design research. This research produced an HLT of statistics material using <em>pranata mangsa</em> context consisting of 3 activities to help students understand and master the material. The activities of the HLT are 1) collecting, presenting, and analyzing data, 2) measuring centralized data, and 3) measuring data distribution. The results showed an HLT for teaching statistics using RME that can effectively support students of all ability levels. This HLT allows students to rediscover statistics concepts through horizontal and vertical mathematical processes. Finally, the HLT facilitates students to create their models from informal to formal and increases the interaction between students and teachers.</p><p class="06ContentAbstract"> </p><p class="06ContentAbstract">Statistika menjadi materi pokok dalam kurikulum karena dianggap penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, pada kenyataannya statistika merupakan salah satu pelajaran yang dianggap sulit bagi siswa. Kesulitan siswa dalam belajar statistika disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya kurangnya pemahaman konsep dan prinsip-prinsip matematika dalam menyelesaikan soal. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendesain dan mengembangkan Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) menggunakan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) pada materi statistika kelas VIII menggunakan konteks Pranata Mangsa yang menjadi starting point dalam pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah design research tipe validasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan HLT materi statistika menggunakan konteks pranata mangsa yang terdiri dari 3 iceberg untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami dan menguasai materi. Adapun iceberg dari HLT tersebut adalah 1) mengumpulkan, menyajikan, dan menganalisi data; 2) ukuran pemusatan data; dan 3) ukuran penyebaran data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa HLT mampu membantu siswa menemukan kembali konsep statistika melalui proses matematika horizontal dan vertikal. HLT memfasilitasi siswa untuk membuat model mereka sendiri dari informal ke formal dan meningkatkan interaksi antara siswa dan guru.</p>
CRAB TRACES ON MUDDY TIDAL FLATS OF THE MIRA RIVER ESTUARY, PORTUGAL
Authors: Shchepetkina Alina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intertidal burrowing crabs produce distinctive biogenic sedimentary structures on tidal flats and salt marshes of the mesotidal Mira River estuary in southwestern Portugal. This study shows that the morphology and spatial distribution of crab burrows vary depending on the activity of the producer, its age, tidal cycles, tidal range, time of the day, and substrate consistency. The Atlantic shore crab Carcinus maenas was observed during the daylight hours roaming the tidal flats and marshes at neap low tide (1.29 m) as well as occupying burrows and cavities. A variety of traces and tracks are attributed to C. maenas, including cheliped scratch marks, tracks and trackways, burrows/cavities with associated root penetration structures (rhizoliths), and fecal pellets. Scratch marks are understudied in neo- and paleoichnology and are often interpreted as structures resulting from crab grazing and feeding activity (fodichnia/pascichnia), and occasionally from mating behavior. Digit traces and trackways predominantly concentrate around burrows and cavities on the upper tidal flat and resemble Coenobichnus currani, representing crab locomotion (repichnia). With morphology regarded as the most important criteria for ichnotaxonomy, wide burrow apertures and cavities found on the tidal flats are most similar to Psilonichnus upsilon, P. tubiformis, and Spongeliomorpha-type crustacean burrows, representing permanent- to semi-permanent crab domichnia. Finally, cylindrical, semi-consolidated pellets are interpreted as crab fecal pellets (coprolites) similar to Favreina. Carcinus maenas is a prolific bioturbator in intertidal and supratidal habitats; however, the preservation of its traces in the rock record is dependent on the preservation potential of the host sediments.
Inhibition of IGFBP4 in granulosa cells extends female fertility age via activation of YAP signaling
Authors: Zeng Yi , Hu Qianhui , Li Ziyuan , Guo Fanghao , Wang Jingqiang , Chen Xinyi , Zhang Meiling , Geng Ajun , Li Wen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Ovarian aging is a critical factor in determining reproductive capacity and overall health. Granulosa cells (GCs) play an essential role in folliculogenesis. However, the mechanisms through which GCs influence ovarian aging remain poorly understood. This study identifies insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) as a negative regulator of female fertility. Elevated expression of IGFBP4 is observed in the GCs of aged ovaries in cynomolgus monkey. Using IGFBP4-HA tagged mice, we observed increased levels of IGFBP4 in aged GCs and during follicular atresia in mice. Our findings indicate that IGFBP4 inhibits GCs proliferation by attenuating YAP signaling. In Amhr2-Cre; Igfbp4fl/fl mice, GC-specific deletion of Igfbp4 leads to enhanced folliculogenesis and increased litter sizes, notably extending the reproductive lifespan of these mice. Elevated levels of IGFBP4 were also detected in GCs from aging individuals and patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Furthermore, higher concentrations of IGFBP4 were found in the follicular fluid of POI patients, suggesting its potential as a clinical diagnostic marker. These findings underscore the possibility of extending female fertility through the inhibition of IGFBP4 in GCs, proposing a novel strategy for enhancing women's reproductive health.
The [18F] F-PSMA Probe: Chemical Perspectives
Authors: Xavier de-Britto Isabelle , Neves-da-Silva Stephanie Nascimento , Alencar Luciana Magalhaes Rebelo , Fechine Pierre Basilio Almeida , Santos-Oliveira Ralph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
This study discusses the chemical perspectives of the [18F]F-PSMA probe, a
pivotal tool in prostate cancer imaging. [18F]Fluorine, a positron emitter with a half-life
of 109.8 minutes, is produced in a cyclotron by bombarding [18O]-enriched targets with
protons. The chemistry of this isotope parallels that of stable fluorine, facilitating its use
in positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesis of [18F]F-PSMA involves a nucleophilic
substitution (SN1) reaction, where [18F]fluoride ion replaces a leaving group
in the precursor molecule. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed
in prostate cancer cells, making it a crucial target for imaging. PSMA-targeted
radioligands, such as [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, [18F]F-DCFPyL, and [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S,
bind to the extracellular domain of PSMA, enabling precise imaging. The design of PSMA
radiotracers incorporates specific targeting moieties, functional groups for radiolabeling,
and linkers to maintain binding affinity and pharmacokinetics. Common linkers
include aliphatic, aromatic, peptide-based, and polyethylene glycol structures, while
functional groups like tosylate and PyTFP are used for efficient [18F]fluorination. This review
aims to elucidate the main linker and reactions in order to optimize these components
to improve imaging sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancer.
Synthetic Cannabinoids are Genotoxic in Cultured Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Almestafa Alla Abdulwahab , Khabour Omar Falah , Al-Eitan Laith Naser , Alzoubi Karem Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Synthetic cannabinoids are one of the most identified abused drugs nowadays. Their
popularity is due to their psychoactive effects, which resemble delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol. This study investigates
the genotoxic potential of three synthetic cannabinoids of indazole-passed drugs, AB-Fubinaca, AMBFubinaca,
and EMB-Fubinaca (at a final concentration of 200 nM).

Methods:
Genotoxicity was examined using Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs) and Chromosomal Aberrations
(CAs) assays in cultured human lymphocytes. Blood for lymphocyte cultures was obtained from healthy
adult young males.

Results:
A significant increase in the frequency of SCEs was detected for all examined drugs (range: 5.4-6.1,
p < 0.05) compared to the control group (4.70 ± 0.31). The order of synthetic cannabinoids in terms of their
ability to induce SCEs was EMB-Fubinaca (6.04 ± 0.63) > AMB-Fubinaca (5.65 ± 0.6) > AB-Fubinaca (5.33
± 0.58). None of the examined drugs induced significant changes to the frequency of CAs (p > 0.05). Additionally,
there were no effects of the synthetic cannabinoids at the studied concentration on proliferation and mitotic
indices.

Conclusion:
Synthetic cannabinoids have been found to increase the frequency of SCEs in cultured human
lymphocytes. The results should be confirmed in in vivo studies using lymphocytes derived from synthetic
cannabinoid users.
InConTPSS: Multi-scale Module Based Temporal Convolutional Networks for Accurate Protein Secondary Prediction
Authors: Wang Xun , Gao Yuan , Song Haonan , Pan Zhiyi , Xie Xianjin 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Protein secondary structure prediction is an important task in bioinformatics
and structural biology. Protein’s structure is the basis for its corresponding function. Experimental
methods for determining the tertiary structure of proteins are both costly and time-consuming. Since
the tertiary structure of proteins is further formed by secondary structure, leveraging computational
approaches for efficient prediction of protein secondary structure is important. Both local and global
interactions between amino acids affect the prediction results.

Objective:
We propose a module aimed at processing sequence profile features for deep feature extraction
and constructing a lightweight network to extract fused features.

Methods:
To enhance the network’s ability to capture both local and global interactions, we propose
an efficient method InConTPSS, which integrates convolution operation with different receptive
fields and temporal convolutional networks in the inception architecture. Concurrently, InConTPSS
takes into account the issue of distribution imbalance across various states of secondary structures
and improves the predictive performance of scarce categories.

Results:
Experimental results on six benchmark datasets (including CASP12, CASP13, CASP14,
CB513, TEST2016, and TEST2018) demonstrate our method achieves state-of-the-art performance
with a simpler model on both 3-state and 8-state secondary structure prediction.

result:
Experimental results on benchmark datasets (including CASP12, CASP13, CASP14, CB513, TEST2016 and TEST2018) demonstrate our method achieves state-of-the-art performance with a simpler model on both 3-state and 8-state secondary structure prediction.

Conclusion:
Through the combination of the convolutional layer and temporal convolutional network,
the inception network structure can effectively process the fused features and improve the
prediction results. InConTPSS achieves the most advanced performance in protein secondary structure
prediction, and the reasonable use of label-distribution-aware margin loss in our method can effectively
improve the prediction accuracy of scarce secondary structures.
Heavy Metal Tolerance and Removal Efficiencies by Soil Bacterial Strains: Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Asunmo Maryam Y. , Ogunnusi Tolulope A. , Akpor Oghenerobor B. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Several human activities contribute to the release of heavy metals into the environment, which constitutes a threat to the environment and human health; thus, there is a need for remediation of these metals.

Methods:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on tolerance to lead, nickel and cadmium by soil bacterial strains. The effects of carbon, nitrogen sources and carbon-nitrogen ratio on the bacteria strains were also explored. A total of ten bacterial species, which comprise Yersinia enterocolitica (1), Alcaligenes faecalis (4), Bacillus cereus (2), Enterobacter cloacae (1) and Bacillus subtilis (2), were identified. The screening was carried out in minimal media using different carbon sources (sodium acetate, glucose, sucrose and maltose), nitrogen sources (yeast extract, peptone, tryptone and potassium nitrate) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios (5:5, 5:4, 5:3 and 5:2). Based on tolerance index, the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were observed to be sodium acetate and potassium nitrate, respectively, while the C/N ratio varied across the isolates.

Results & Discussion:
At the end of the study, the tolerance index observed for cadmium, lead, and nickel ranged from 0.44 to 0.55, from 0.48 to 2.27 and from 0.19 to 1.95, respectively. Moreover, removal percentages that ranged from 12%-35%, 56%-97% and 79%-90% were observed for cadmium, lead and nickel, respectively, in the presence of the bacterial species.

Conclusion:
The results showed the bacterial isolates' effectiveness in removing these heavy metals from the environment.
Identifying Host Cell Gene Expression Modulation as Potential Markers for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Soferr Jonathan J. , Guiberson Kate , Steel J. Jordan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The SARS-CoV-2 emergence in 2019 has caused health, safety, and socioeconomic issues worldwide. Current testing prioritizes viral RNA detection, requiring specialized techniques, training, and time periods, resulting in significant testing limitations. Viral infection can cause changes in host cell gene expression, which vary from virus to virus. Recent research has suggested that SARS-CoV-2-induced gene expression modulations in infected human cells may be differentiated from expressions elicited by other acute respiratory illnesses. Data in this study highlight specific genes that are differentially expressed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This novel application of individual sample analysis, in connection with global databases, provides robust data for genes that are specifically modulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This expression profile would be valuable for SARS-CoV-2 testing, prevention, treatment, and basic virology research.

Methods:
Previously collected COVID-19 surveillance-testing samples from cadets at the United States Air Force Academy were used to quantify the expression of 19 target genes using direct primer-mediated qRTPCR. Additionally, samples were analyzed with RNA-seq to assess the different transcriptomes between uninfected and SARS-CoV-2-infected samples. Results were compared with national databases to confirm the agreement between findings.

Results:
A total of 19 genes were identified to be altered during SARS-CoV-2 infection using in-lab experimental results. This expression profile matched previous research and might uniquely describe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The genes expected to be upregulated according to previous research, IL1B, IFI44L, ACE2, and DUX3, were all upregulated. RNA-seq data confirmed these results and identified 122 other genes significantly different between uninfected and SARS-CoV-2 infected samples. The results have a 93% agreement rate with national databases.

Conclusion:
Despite the availability of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, the continual mutation and evolution of the virus, the emergence of novel and increasingly infectious strains, and the anti-vaccine sentiment increase the need for safe and rapid testing alternative options. The expression profile of altered host genes during SARS-CoV-2 infection could be extremely advantageous to detect and prevent infection, as well as further research efforts for treatment and understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection.