bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF DIFFERENT TUBERCULOSIS (TB) CASE DETECTION STRATEGIES IN CHILDHOOD TB CONTROL IN A HIGH-TB BURDEN POPULATION DENSE AREA, WESTERN KENYA, 2012-2015: A CLUSTER RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: BURMEN Barbara , MALİKA Timothy 
Published: May 2023

Contact investigation is recommended for close contacts of TB patients to identify undiagnosed cases of active and latent TB to initiate them on curative and preventive therapy respectively. Because contact invitation is conducted in Kenya, the value of TB contact investigation in childhood TB control is unknown. To compare the yield of contact investigation (intervention arm) to contact invitation (control arm) in contributing to childhood TB control, a cluster randomized trial was conducted in Kisumu County between 2014 and 2015 a period prior to the implementation of standardized contact investigation. This was done to compare TB cases diagnosed and children receiving IPT in the pre- intervention (2012-2013) and intervention (2014-2015) years, and in the intervention years using a minimum sample size of 15 per arm. Of 77 facilities identified for the study, 65 facilities were randomized to a contact screening strategy; a TB contact investigation strategy in isolation (n=4), in combination with health facility screening (n=19), or in combination with both enhanced facility screening and mobile units (n=31) with the remainder, (n=11) randomized to the standard approach i.e. TB contact invitation. Facilities distribution did not differ by category of services or patient type. In the pre-intervention and post-intervention years, TB number of TB cases diagnosed in children increased by 20 (75% from intervention arm). During the intervention years TB cases decreased by 17 (29% from intervention arm); the intervention arm contributed to 100% and 75% of the children put on IPT whose implementation had just begun. Contact investigation enhanced childhood TB control in comparison to routine approaches. Critical support ought to be availed to the TB screening cascade to facilitate contact investigation and IPT implementation as well as ingrain contact investigation within existing community health systems.
Distance Education and Professional Perspectives of Nursing Students with the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ŞARA Yasemin , BEKMEZCİ Ebru 
Published: May 2023

Aim: The implementation of nursing education with a distance education model and the aggravation of the working conditions in the clinic may affect the professional point of view of student nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study was conducted with a qualitative research design to investigate the reflections of COVID-19 on the distance education and professional perspective of undergraduate senior nursing students.
Material and Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative research design based on the phenomenological approach. The sample size was determined according to data saturation, and data were collected from 20 nursing senior-level undergraduate students. The research data were collected using the Semi-Structured Qualitative Data Form prepared by the researchers. Researchers used the Colaizzi method in data analysis. The data regarding the interviews were transcribed by both researchers separately MAXQDA 11.0 qualitative data analysis software was used, and the codes, themes, and categories were determined.
Results: The themes determined from the reflections of the senior level undergraduate nursing students on distance education and professional perspectives are [1] emotional states, [2] educational life, [3] occupational readiness, and [4] opinions about the nursing profession.
Conclusion: Our study provides a deep insight into the professional perceptions, feelings, opinions, distance education experiences, and professional perspectives of distance education nursing students who will graduate during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data obtained in the present study will help nursing students identify the areas of need related to professional readiness and the difficulties in their education.
Estimation of Birth Weight from HbA1c and Glucose Levels in Diabetic Pregnancies
Authors: SUMAN Kamuran , GÖK Ebru , BÜTÜN Zafer , BÜTÜN Pınar , BÜYÜK Musa , SUMAN Murat 
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of baby birth weight estimation in relation to HbA1c levels of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Material and Methods: 105 patients who met the criteria agreed to participate in our study, of whom 7 were type 1 DM and 32 were type 2 DM. The pregnancy history of the patients who agreed to participate was obtained with a lot of demographic information as well as weight gains during pregnancy, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels.
Results: Fasting glucose values were measured at 28 and 32 weeks of gestation. The blood glucose values that we measured one hour after satiation and HbA1c were higher in the PDGM group than in the GDM group. There was no significant difference between weight gain and BMI values. We used ROC curve analysis to test the predictive power of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels or weight gain during pregnancy in our patients with GDM for LGA babies(LGA) (AUC: 0.663, %95 CI [0.526, 0.800], AUC: 0.678, %95 CI [0.540, 0.816], AUC: 0.677, %95 CI [0.548, 0.805], respectively).In addition, ROC analysis was used in evaluating fasting blood glucose measurements, 1-hour postprandial blood glucose measurements, and HbA1c levels to predict LGA.(AUC: 0.889, %95 CI [0.782, 0.996], AUC: 0.893, %95 CI [0.737, 1.000], AUC:0.931, %95 CI [0.807, 1.000], respectively).
Conclusion: In both healthy people and pregnant women, it is important to keep blood glucose levels within normal limits. In pregnant women diagnosed with PDGM or GDM, this is even more important as the welfare of the baby is considered. LGA deliveries can be avoided in pregnant women with PDGM by close monitoring of postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Close monitoring of GWG is also beneficial in the follow-up of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Results in Patients Presenting with a Prediagnosis of Meningitis
Authors: AKYÜZ ÖZKAN Esra , TANRIVERDİ ÇAYCI Yeliz 
Published: May 2023

Aim: It was aimed to determine the microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibilities obtained from cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF).
Material and Methods: CSF samples of 138 patients who admitted with a prediagnosis of meningitis to Ondokuz Mayıs University Pediatric Emergency Department between 01/01/2021-01/01/2022 was included. CSF cultures, identification of bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibilities were evaluated by VITEK 2 (bioMeriux, France) automated identification system. If the growth was detected by blood culture system, the specimen was cultivated onto the 5% blood agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and chocolate agar. Also, CSF samples were studied for both viral and bacterial agents with the Smart Cycler (Cepheid, USA) device working with Real-Time PCR method. In this system, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex type-1, Herpes simplex type-2, Human herpes virus type-6 (HHV-6), Varicella zoster virus and Epstein Barr virus agents were detected.
Results: Of the 138 CSF samples, 50,88% were male and 49,12% were female. The mean age of the patients was 36 ± 55 months. Bacterial agents were detected in 18 (13,8%) of the CSF samples and viral agents in 12 (9,2%) samples. Staphylococcus epidermidis (64.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%) and Streptococcus pneumonia (6.9%) took the first three places in bacterial agents. Among the viral agents, HHV-6 was the most common followed by Enteroviruses.
Conclusion: It has been observed that the profiles and resistance status of microorganisms frequently seen in CSF have changed over the years.
Microneedle patches containing mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of oral mucositis
Authors: Qu Xiaoying , Guo Xiaoli , Zhu Tingting , Zhang Zhe , Wang Wanchun , Hao Yuanping 
Published: May 2023

Oral mucositis (OM) is the most common disease of the oral mucosa, which affects people’s daily production and life. Triamcinolone ointment is the common clinical drug for OM treatment. However, the hydrophobic properties of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and the complex microenvironment of the oral cavity led to its low bioavailability and unstable therapeutic effects on ulcer wounds. Herein, dissolving microneedle patches (MNs) composed of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA) loaded with TA (TA@MPDA), sodium hyaluronic acid (HA), and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) are prepared as the transmucosal delivery system. The prepared TA@MPDA-HA/BSP MNs exhibit well-arranged microarrays, high mechanical strength and fast solubility (&lt;3 min) properties. In addition, the hybrid structure improves the biocompatibility of TA@MPDA and expedites oral ulcer healing in the SD rat model through the synergistic anti-inflammatory and pro-healing effects of microneedle ingredients (hormones, MPDA and Chinese herbs extracts), with 90% less amount of TA compared with Ning Zhi Zhu®. TA@MPDA-HA/BSP MNs are shown to be their great potential as novel ulcer dressings for OM management.
Fused multi-modal similarity network as prior in guiding brain imaging genetic association
Authors: He Bing , Xie Linhui , Varathan Pradeep , Nho Kwangsik , Risacher Shannon L. , Saykin Andrew J. , Yan Jingwen ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2023

IntroductionBrain imaging genetics aims to explore the genetic architecture underlying brain structure and functions. Recent studies showed that the incorporation of prior knowledge, such as subject diagnosis information and brain regional correlation, can help identify significantly stronger imaging genetic associations. However, sometimes such information may be incomplete or even unavailable.MethodsIn this study, we explore a new data-driven prior knowledge that captures the subject-level similarity by fusing multi-modal similarity networks. It was incorporated into the sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) model, which is aimed to identify a small set of brain imaging and genetic markers that explain the similarity matrix supported by both modalities. It was applied to amyloid and tau imaging data of the ADNI cohort, respectively.ResultsFused similarity matrix across imaging and genetic data was found to improve the association performance better or similarly well as diagnosis information, and therefore would be a potential substitute prior when the diagnosis information is not available (i.e., studies focused on healthy controls).DiscussionOur result confirmed the value of all types of prior knowledge in improving association identification. In addition, the fused network representing the subject relationship supported by multi-modal data showed consistently the best or equally best performance compared to the diagnosis network and the co-expression network.
Remnant cholesterol, stronger than triglycerides, is associated with incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cheng Yiping , Zhang Qiang , Li Haizhen , Zhou Guangshuai , Shi Ping , Zhang Xu , Guan Liying , Yan Fang , Xu Chao 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess accumulation of triglycerides within the liver. However, whether the circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol transported in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (remnant cholesterol, remnant-C) are related to the occurrence of NAFLD has not yet been studied. This study aims to assess the association of triglycerides and remnant-C with NAFLD in a Chinese cohort of middle aged and elderly individuals.MethodsAll subjects in the current study are from the 13,876 individuals who recruited in the Shandong cohort of the REACTION study. We included 6,634 participants who had more than one visit during the study period with an average follow-up time of 43.34 months. The association between lipid concentrations and incident NAFLD were evaluated by unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. The potential confounders were adjusted in the models including age, sex, hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), diabetes status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status.ResultsIn multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model analyses, triglycerides (hazard ratio[HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.080,1.047-1.113;p&lt;0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (HR, 95% CI: 0.571,0.487-0.670; p&lt;0.001), and remnant-C (HR, 95% CI: 1.143,1.052-1.242; p=0.002), but not total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were associated with incident NAFLD. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (triglycerides&gt;1.69 mmol/L, HDL-C&lt;1.03 mmol/L in men or&lt;1.29 mmol/L in women) was also associated with NAFLD (HR, 95% CI: 1.343,1.177-1.533; p&lt;0.001). Remnant-C levels were higher in females than in males and increased with increasing BMI and in participants with diabetes and CVD compared with those without diabetes or CVD. After adjusting for other factors in the Cox regression models, we found that serum levels of TG and remnant-C, but not TC or LDL-C, were associated with NAFLD outcomes in women group, non-cardiovascular disease status, non-diabetes status and middle BMI categories (24 to 28 kg/m2).DiscussionIn the middle aged and elderly subset of the Chinese population, especially those who were women, non-CVD status, non-diabetes status and middle BMI status (24 to 28 kg/m2), levels of triglycerides and remnant-C, but not TC or LDL-C, were associated with NAFLD outcomes independent of other risk factors.
Baseline level and change trajectory of the triglyceride-glucose index in relation to the development of NAFLD: a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Wang Jiangang , Liu Lei , Yang Pingting , Deng Shuwen , Liu Xuelian , Zhao Linlin , Wang Changfa , Li Ying 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are closely related. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) has been proposed as a new indicator of IR. It remains unclear whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is prospectively associated with incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThis large-scale study comprised 1 prospective cohort totaling 22,758 subjects without NAFLD at baseline who underwent repeated health examinations and 1 subcohort totaling 7,722 subjects with more than three visits. The TyG index was ascertained mathematically by ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound without other concomitant liver diseases. A combinatorial Cox proportional hazard model and latent class growth mixture modeling method were used to identify the association of the TyG index and its transition trajectories with NAFLD risk.ResultsDuring 53,481 person-years of follow-up, there were 5319 incident cases with NAFLD. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of the baseline TyG index, participants in the highest quartile had 2.52-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.21–2.86) higher odds of incident NAFLD. Similarly, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a dose–response relationship (p nonlinearity&lt;0.001). Subgroup analyses showed a more significant association in the female and normal body size populations (p for interaction&lt;0.001). Three distinct trajectories of changes in the TyG index were identified. Compared with the continued low group, the moderately increasing and highly increasing groups conferred 1.91-fold (1.65–2.21) and 2.19-fold (1.73–2.77) higher NAFLD risk, respectively.ConclusionsParticipants with a higher baseline TyG index or a higher excessive TyG exposure were associated with an increased NAFLD risk. The findings imply that lifestyle interventions and modulation of IR might be considered to both reduce TyG index levels and prevent NAFLD development.
Recurrence and mortality rate in an Italian multi-center case series of parathyroid atypical adenomas and carcinomas
Authors: Barale Marco , Nervo Alice , Craparo Andrea , Pusterla Alessia , Retta Francesca , Maiorino Federica , Castellano Elena , Piovesan Alessandro , Gianotti Laura , Borretta Giorgio , Procopio Massimo , Arvat Emanuela 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThere are few data regarding the clinical outcome of patients with parathyroid carcinoma (PC) and atypical adenoma (AA) after surgery. Aim of our study was to investigate disease recurrence and mortality rate as well as their predictors in a series of patients with PC or AA.MethodsClinical and biochemical parameters, histological features, incidence of disease recurrence and mortality rate were retrospectively assessed in 39 patients (51% males, mean age 56.2 ± 17.2 years) diagnosed with PC (n=24) or AA (n=15) and followed up for 6.8 ± 5.0 years after surgery.ResultsNo differences in baseline characteristics were registered between the two groups, except for higher KI67 values in PC than AA (6.9 ± 3.9% vs 3.4 ± 2.1%, p&lt;0.01). Eight patients (21%) experienced recurrence after a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 2.7 years, with higher relapse rate in PC than AA (25% vs 13%), though this difference did not reach statistical significance. Mortality rate was 10% in the whole sample, without significant differences between PC and AA. Relapsing cases had been undergone the most extensive surgery more frequently and they had a higher mortality rate in comparison to non relapsing patients (38% vs 6% and 38% vs 3%, respectively, p&lt;0.03 for both). In comparison to survivors, deceased patients were submitted to the most extensive surgery more frequently (50% vs 9%), they were older (74.8 ± 4.6 vs 53.2 ± 16.3 years), and they had higher KI67 values (11.7 ± 4.9 vs 4.8 ± 2.8, p&lt;0.03 for all comparisons).ConclusionsDuring seven-year follow-up after surgery, no significant differences in recurrence and mortality rate were observed between PC and AA patients. Death was associated with disease relapse, older age and higher KI67 values. These findings suggest a similar and careful long-term follow-up in both parathyroid tumors, especially in older patients, and emphasize the need of further studies in large cohorts to throw light on this crucial clinical issue.
Impact of landscape configuration and composition on pollinator communities across different European biogeographic regions
Authors: Bottero Irene , Dominik Christophe , Schweiger Olivier , Albrecht Matthias , Attridge Eleanor , Brown Mark J. F. , Cini Elena , Costa Cecilia , De la Rúa Pilar , de Miranda Joachim R. , Di Prisco Gennaro , Dzul Uuh Daniel , Hodge Simon , Ivarsson Kjell , Knauer Anina C. , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Mänd Marika , Martínez-López Vicente , Medrzycki Piotr , Pereira-Peixoto Helena , Potts Simon , Raimets Risto , Rundlöf Maj , Schwarz Janine M. , Senapathi Deepa , Tamburini Giovanni , Talaván Estefanía Tobajas , Stout Jane C. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionHeterogeneity in composition and spatial configuration of landscape elements support diversity and abundance of flower-visiting insects, but this is likely dependent on taxonomic group, spatial scale, weather and climatic conditions, and is particularly impacted by agricultural intensification. Here, we analyzed the impacts of both aspects of landscape heterogeneity and the role of climatic and weather conditions on pollinating insect communities in two economically important mass-flowering crops across Europe.MethodsUsing a standardized approach, we collected data on the abundance of five insect groups (honey bees, bumble bees, other bees, hover flies and butterflies) in eight oilseed rape and eight apple orchard sites (in crops and adjacent crop margins), across eight European countries (128 sites in total) encompassing four biogeographic regions, and quantified habitat heterogeneity by calculating relevant landscape metrics for composition (proportion and diversity of land-use types) and configuration (the aggregation and isolation of land-use patches).ResultsWe found that flower-visiting insects responded to landscape and climate parameters in taxon- and crop-specific ways. For example, landscape diversity was positively correlated with honey bee and solitary bee abundance in oilseed rape fields, and hover fly abundance in apple orchards. In apple sites, the total abundance of all pollinators, and particularly bumble bees and solitary bees, decreased with an increasing proportion of orchards in the surrounding landscape. In oilseed rape sites, less-intensively managed habitats (i.e., woodland, grassland, meadows, and hedgerows) positively influenced all pollinators, particularly bumble bees and butterflies. Additionally, our data showed that daily and annual temperature, as well as annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality, affects the abundance of flower-visiting insects, although, again, these impacts appeared to be taxon- or crop-specific.DiscussionThus, in the context of global change, our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the role of taxon-specific responses to both changes in land use and climate, to ensure continued delivery of pollination services to pollinator-dependent crops.
Identification of optimal codons and analysis of phylogenetic relationship in Osteochilus salsburyi (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) based on complete mitogenome
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhang Shun , Tian Zhe , Wang Danli , Xu Shanliang 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMitogenomes are frequently used in the study of fish phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. However, there is currently no information available regarding the evolution history ofOsteochilus salsburyi. To address this gap, an experiment was designed to gain a deeper understanding of this species.MethodsHere, we analyzed the mitochondrial structure, phylogenetic relationship, and optimal codon usage ofO. salsburyibased on complete mitochondrial genome.ResultsThe complete mitogenome ofO. salsburyiwas 16,598 bp (GenBank Accession No:MW114837), including 22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, two rRNAs, and two non-coding regions. The typical clover-leaf secondary structures of all 22 tRNA genes were detected. Moreover, the palindromic motifs TACAT and ATGTA of theD-looptended to form hairpin loop structures, while the second-longest OLregion contained a conserved motif 5’-GCCGG-3’. The relationships amongOsteochilusspecies recovered from same mitochondrial characters were in agreement. The phylogeny based on nucleotide sequences supported the monophyly of the genusOsteochilus. Using the ΔRSCU (Relative Synonymous Codon Usage) method, six optimal codons (ACC, UAC, AAC, UGU, AGC, and GGC) were determined. Furthermore, we estimated the divergence time ofO. salsburyito be 154.06 Mya, during late Jurassic. Based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods were used for phylogenetic analyses, and identical topologies were obtained.DiscussionUltimately, our results supported that the classification ofO. salsburyias a species of the genusOsteochilus. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships among availableOsteochilusmitogenomes were reported for the first time. This study should help us better understand the evolutionary status and species protection ofO. salsburyi.