bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in thoracic erector spinae regional activation during postural adjustments and functional reaching tasks after spinal cord injury
Authors: Helden Joeri FL van , Cabral Hélio V , Alexander Emma , Strutton Paul H , Martinez-Valdes Eduardo , Falla Deborah , Chowdhury Joy Roy , Chiou Shin-Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:A substantial proportion of individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit reduced volitional control of trunk muscles due to damage of the corticospinal tract, resulting in impaired postural control and function. Studies using conventional bipolar electromyography (EMG) showed altered activity of the trunk muscles in people with SCI. However, the spatial distribution of trunk muscle activity remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of the erector spinae (ES) below the level of injury in individuals with incomplete SCI during postural tasks and multidirectional reaching tasks using high-density EMG.Methods:Twenty-one individuals with incomplete SCI and 21 age-matched healthy controls performed two postural tasks (rapid shoulder flexion and external perturbation tasks) and multidirectional reaching tasks. EMG amplitude of the thoracic ES and displacement of the arm, trunk, and centre of pressure were recorded during the tasks.Results:Overall, the EMG amplitude of the ES was lower, and activation was distributed more in the caudal part of the ES in individuals with SCI compared with the controls during the postural and reaching tasks. EMG amplitude was greater during reaching forward than returning to the upright posture in the controls; however, this phase-dependent difference in the EMG amplitude was not present in individuals with SCI.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate alterations in regional activation of the thoracic ES during postural and reaching tasks after SCI, suggesting a loss of selective control from the central nervous system to the trunk muscles.
Dilated Common Bile Duct is Commonly Associated with Main Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas
Authors: Sbeit Wisam , Shahin Amir , Khoury Tawfik 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Dilation of common bile duct (CBD) is mostly pathological and mainly occurs secondary to mechanical causes. We aimed to explore the prevalence of CBD dilation in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN-P) patients referred to EUS.
Methods: a retrospective study of all patients who had an EUS diagnosis of IPMN from 2011 to 2019 at Galilee Medical Center were extracted. Control group including patients with other types of pancreatic cysts.
Results: Overall, 158 patients were included in the study, 117 patients (74%) diagnosed with IPMN (group A) and 41 patients (26%) diagnosed with other pancreatic cysts (group B). CBD dilation was significantly correlated with IPMN patients as compared to group B (OR 3.8, P=0.01). Classifying IPMN to subtypes, only main duct-IPMN significantly correlated with CBD dilation (OR 40, P < 0.0001), and a trend for significance with mixed-IPMN (OR 3.6, P=0.06). Adjusting for confounders (resected gallbladder and age), main duct-IPMN remained significantly correlated with CBD dilation (P<0.001).
Conclusion: main duct-IPMN was significantly correlated with dilated CBD. Assessment of the pancreas is warranted in encountered cases of dilated CBD without obvious mechanical cause.
Prevalence and risk factors of dynapenia in patients with subacute stroke
Authors: Kim Yeo Hyung , Choi Young-Ah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dynapenia, the loss of handgrip strength in the elderly population, can lead to poor functional prognosis after stroke. In this mixed prospective and retrospective cohort study, we aimed to elucidate the clinical risk factors for dynapenia at discharge in 152 patients with subacute stroke. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors associated with dynapenia. At the time of discharge, the prevalence of dynapenia was 68.4%. After adjusting for all potential covariates, older age (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21; p = 0.04), tube dependent feeding (OR, 6.66; 95% CI, 1.11–39.84; p = 0.04) and high National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.01–1.44; p = 0.04) were associated with a higher likelihood of dynapenia at discharge. Higher nonhemiplegic calf circumference (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.67–0.96; p = 0.004) was associated with a lower likelihood of dynapenia. We conclude that tube feeding state, high stroke severity, decreased nonhemiplegic calf circumference, and older age are independent risk factors for dynapenia in subacute stroke patients.
Functional characterization and comparative analysis of gene repression-mediating domains interacting with yeast pleiotropic corepressors Sin3, Cyc8 and Tup1
Authors: Lettow Julia , Kliewe Felix , Aref Rasha , Schüller Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Transcriptional corepressors Sin3, Cyc8 and Tup1 are important for downregulation of gene expression by recruiting various histone deacetylases once they gain access to defined genomic locations by interaction with pathway-specific repressor proteins. In this work we systematically investigated whether 17 yeast repressor proteins (Cti6, Dal80, Fkh1, Gal80, Mig1, Mot3, Nrg1, Opi1, Rdr1, Rox1, Sko1, Ume6, Ure2, Xbp1, Yhp1, Yox1 and Whi5) representing several unrelated regulatory pathways are able to bind to Sin3, Cyc8 and Tup1. Our results show that paired amphipathic helices 1 and 2 (PAH1 and PAH2) of Sin3 are functionally redundant for some regulatory pathways. WD40 domains of Tup1 proved to be sufficient for interaction with repressor proteins. Using length variants of selected repressors, we mapped corepressor interaction domains (CIDs) in vitro and assayed gene repression in vivo. Systematic comparison of CID minimal sequences allowed us to define several related positional patterns of hydrophobic amino acids some of which could be confirmed as functional important by site-directed mutagenesis. Although structural predictions indicated that certain CIDs may be α-helical, most repression domains appear to be randomly structured and must be considered as intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) adopting a defined conformation only by interaction with a corepressor.
WITHDRAWN: Cytotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics in different functional sizes on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HFF-2 cells
Authors: Hanie Sadeghinia , Parichehr Hanachi , Reihaneh Ramezani , Samaneh karbalaei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Nanoplastics in the environment lead to human exposure to these particles so it is important to study their effects at the cellular level. The aim of this study to assess the toxic effects of PS-NPs with different functions on MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 and evaluate the oxidative cellular response involved. Another goal of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect and apoptosis induction of a combination of nanoplastic polystyrene.
Materials and Methods: The appearance properties of nanoparticles were determined by FTIR and FESEM tests and zeta potential. Diol agar method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial effects and MTT Assay test was used to determine the toxicity effect. Also, the type of cell death, apoptosis and necrosis, as well as the study of cell cycle arrest and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx were measured in this study. All experiments performed in this study were designed in 3 replications (p<0.005).
Results: The polystyrene nanoparticles used in this study were analyzed by FTIR and the wide peak of 3386 cm-1 confirms that the nanoparticles are amine. PS-NH2 had a neutral electric charge and was not found to have antimicrobial properties in Aclay and Staphylococcus aureus in any size. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 90,200,300 polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2) at doses of 125,250,500,1000,2000 µg / ml on human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and fibroblast cell (HFF-2) ) And the viability of these cells was significantly dose-dependent (p <0.005). Dismutase (SOD) decreased with increasing dose and a significant difference was observed (P <0.001). GPx enzyme activity decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration in both cell lins and had a significant difference with the control sample (P <0.001). MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells underwent apoptosis after being exposed to PS-NH2 and the highest percentage of cell accumulation was seen in the G1 and Sub-G1 phase, which indicates that the cell has entered the apoptotic phase.
Conclusion: Polystyrene nanoparticles have toxic properties on both cell lines and cause cell death.
An Observation-Based Method to Assess Tropical Stratocumulus and Shallow Cumulus Clouds and Feedbacks in Two CMIP Generations
Authors: Cesana Grégory , Ackerman Andrew , Crnivec Nina , Pincus Robert , Chepfer Hélène 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In the Earth system models (ESMs) of the latest Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP) generation, the global low-cloud feedback is 50% more positive and continues to dominate the spread in simulated climate sensitivity, partly stemming from tropical low clouds. In the context of recent studies reporting larger feedbacks for stratocumulus (Sc) than shallow cumulus (Cu) clouds, it appears crucial to faithfully represent the geographical extent of each cloud type to simulate realistic low-cloud feedbacks. Here we use a novel observation-based method to distinguish Sc and Cu clouds together with satellite data from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) to evaluate Sc and Cu cloud fractions, cloud radiative effects and cloud feedbacks in the two latest generations of CMIP ESMs. Overall, the CMIP6 models perform better than the CMIP5 models in most aspects considered here, indicating progress. Yet the ensemble mean continues to underestimate the marine tropical low-cloud fraction, mostly attributable to Sc. Decomposition of the bias reveals that the Sc-regime cloud fraction is better represented in CMIP6, although Sc regimes occur too infrequently – even more than in CMIP5. Building on our Sc and Cu discrimination method, we demonstrate that CMIP6 models also simulate more realistic low-cloud feedbacks than CMIP5 models, especially the Sc component. Finally, our results suggest that part of the CMIP6 low-cloud feedback increase can be traced back to greater cloud fraction in Sc-dominated regions.
Wear behaviors of PCD and diamond-coated tools during low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling CFRP/Ti stacks
Authors: Chen Dexiong , Lin Hai , Chen Yan , Yan Chaoren , Xu Jiuhua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and titanium alloy stacks play a significant role in the aerospace field to improve the mechanical properties of assembly components. Low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling (LFVAD) can realize the periodic contact and separation characteristic between the tool and the workpiece, thus pose a high potential for manipulating the machinability of CFRP/Ti stacks. In the present study, two types of drilling tools (polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool and diamond-coated tool) are adopted and tool wear behaviors are deeply evaluated during drilling CFRP/Ti stacks. Meanwhile, the specific influences of tool wear on the drilling performances are comprehensively analyzed under the LFVAD with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The results show that Ti-adhesion is observed for both drilling tools. Meanwhile, edge fracture is the key wear mode dominating for PCD tool and coating peeling is the main wear mode for diamond-coated tool, with less Ti-adhesion. In addition, with increasing number of drilled holes, the diamond-coated tool demonstrates better drilling performances with lower cutting force, better hole quality and more hole-making number. The findings of this paper can contribute to providing a guidance for tool optimal selection in low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks with MQL.
Interfaces in Dynamic Brittle Fracture of PMMA: a peridynamic analysis
Authors: Wang Longzhen , Mehrmashhadi Javad , Bobaru Florin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent experiments in bonded PMMA layers have shown dramatic changes in dynamic crack growth characteristics depending on the interface location and toughness. In this paper we present a peridynamic (PD) analysis of this phenomenon and determine three elements that are essential in a model reproducing the observed fracture behavior: (1) softening near the crack tip to account for changes in PMMA due to heat-generation induced by the high strain rates reached around the crack tip in dynamic fracture; (2) independent extension (mode I) and shear (mode II) modes of fracture; (3) a two-parameter fracture model, which matches both strength and fracture toughness for any horizon size. Once these elements are in place, the PD model captures the experimentally observed dynamic fracture characteristics in bi-layer PMMA: crack branching or not at the interface, depending on the interface location; crack running along the interface for a while before punching through the second PMMA layer; slight crack path oscillations near the far end of the sample. The computed crack speed profiles are close to those measured experimentally. The model produces an enlargement of the fracture process zone when the crack running along the interface penetrates into the second PMMA layer, as observed in the experiments. This is where nonlocality of the PD model becomes relevant and critical.
Root system architecture and anatomical traits variability of alfalfa at the seeding stage
Authors: Pan Xinya , Wang Pengfei , Wei Xianwei , Zhang Jinxin , Xu Bingcheng , Chen Yinglong , Wei Gehong , wang zhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa. L) growth is largely restricted by abiotic stress such as drought and nutrient deficiency. Identifying root architectural and anatomical characteristics is of great significance for breeding alfalfa genotypes with improved adaptation to adverse environments.
Methods
Using nutrient solution sand culture method and visual rhizobox cultivation system, we explored the variability in root system architecture (RSA) and anatomy of 53 alfalfa genotypes at the seedling stage.
Results
Among 44 measured traits, 23 root traits, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake exhibited larger coefficients of variation (CVs ≥ 0.25) across tested genotypes. The variation degrees of local root traits and root anatomical traits were larger than global root traits. Twenty-five traits with CVs ≥ 0.25 constituted 6 principal components (eigenvalues > 1) accounting for 88.9% of the total genotypic variation. Total root length, root length in diameter thin, root tips number, maximal root depth, root length and root tips number in different soil layers were positively correlated with shoot dry mass and root dry mass (P ≤ 0.05). Total stele area (P ≤ 0.05) and xylem vessel area (P ≤ 0.001) were positively correlated with N and P uptake.
Conclusion
The tested alfalfa genotypes showed larger variation in local root morphological and anatomical traits at the seedling stage. Some important root traits, including root length, root length in diameter thin, root tips number, maximal root depth, total stele area and xylem vessel area have potential function on breeding alfalfa genotypes with improved adaption to abiotic stress.
Molecular characterization of a novel ourmia-like virus from the phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Song Xinzheng , Cao Jiayuan , Xie Shunpei , Wang Yanfen , Yin Xinming , Guo Yashuang , Xu Chao , Guo Lihua , Wu Haiyan , Zhang Meng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Here, we describe a novel ourmia-like virus, Botryosphaeria dothidea ourmia-like virus 2 (BdOLV2), derived from phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea strain ZM180192-1, infecting maize in Henan province of China. The complete genome sequence of BdOLV2 consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) segment with a length of 2,532 nucleotides (nt). The sequence contains a large open reading frame (ORF), encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) including 605 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 68.59 kDa. This RdRp protein contains eight typical conserved domain motifs associated with ourmia-like virus. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp protein of BdOLV2 had the highest similarity (62.10%, 58.15%, and 55.75% identity, respectively) with Botourmiaviridae sp., Macrophomina phaseolina ourmia-like virus 2 and Macrophomina phaseolina ourmia-like virus 2-A. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp aa sequence indicated that BdOLV2 is a new member of the genus Magoulivirus with in the family Botourmiaviridae.
Solitons and double layers in opposite polarity dusty plasma having superthermal electrons and trapped ions
Authors: Shan Shaukat Ali , Saleem Hamid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear dust acoustic solitons and double layers (DLs) are investigated in a four component dusty plasma consisting of superthermal electrons, superthermal trapped ions, positive and negative dust grains. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive Schamel Korteweg de Vries (S-KdV) equation and modified Schamel Korteweg de Vries (mSKdV) equation.
It is found that the nonlinear structures only with negative potential (rarefactive) can be formed in a two-dust (both positive and negative) plasma in the presence of superthermal trapped ions. In the earlier investigations, it was reported that both rarefactive (dip) and compressive (hump) nonlinear structures are possible in the plasma having both positive and negative dust species in the absence of trapped ions. Here, it is pointed out that the ions trapping does not allow the formation of compressive nonlinear structures. The results can be used to understand the dynamics of small amplitude solitary waves and double layers in dusty plasmas of cometary tails, planetary magnetospheres and interstellar clouds.
PACS numbers: 52.27.Cm, 52.30.Ex, 52.35.Sb
Security Analysis of a Chaotic Encryption Algorithm Related to the Sum of Plaintext Pixel Value
Authors: Zhou Rong , Yu Simin , Wang Qianxue 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The security analysis of the existing chaotic image encryption algorithm is mainly for the algorithm whose secret keys are independent of plaintext while few crytanalysis on plaintext-related scheme is released. This paper analyzes the security of a chaotic encryption algorithm related to the sum of plaintext pixel value (SPPV). It is found that for all plaintexts with the same SPPV, the chaotic sequences used for encryption are identical. Accordingly, there exist a series of equivalent keys corresponding to the different SPPVs, a codebook attack method to crack this type of encryption algorithm is proposed. Since the SPPV is predictable, limited in number and reconfigurable, the chosen-plaintext attack is adopted to analyse the plaintext with all possible SPPVs. And the corresponding equivalent keys are calculated respectively. These equivalent keys corresponding to SPPV finally form a complete codebook for cracking the original encryption scheme. The research result shows that any encryption algorithm related to SPPV can be cracked by the codebook attack method proposed in this paper. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper owns certain universal applicability. Theoretical analysis and experimental results prove the feasibility of this method.
The Keynesian Nexus Between the Market for Goods and the Labour Market
Authors: Guerrazzi Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I build on the Keynesian analysis of the market for goods to draw some implications on the dynamic behaviour of some typical labour market indicators. Specifically, focusing on real magnitudes and distinguishing between the aggregate expected demand function and the aggregate expenditure function, I discuss the implied “daily” adjustments of expected and actual real wages that allow to achieve a short-run equilibrium. In addition, in order to show that the suggested picture of market for goods does not require a distinct setting to describe the transactions of labour services, I offer a rationale for equilibrium unemployment due to deficient demand grounded on the searching-and-matching theory.
JEL Classification: E12, E24, J31, J64.
Synthesis of cuprous oxide via ion exchange route for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Liu Xiangyao , Zhang Haili , Jing Guolin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using cupric hydroxide gel as a precursor and glucose as a reductant. A well-dispersed cupric hydroxide gel was prepared by treatment of aqueous cuprous chloride with anion exchange resin. The average diameter of the Cu2O nanoparticles was 780 nm. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that polyethylene from the anion exchange resin was present in the Cu2O powder, explaining how the ion exchange route reduces agglomeration of the Cu2O nanoparticles. Addition of hydrogen peroxide during the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue significantly reduced photocorrosion of the Cu2O nanoparticles. The mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide participates in the photocatalytic process and inhibits photocorrosion was investigated.
Chemically activated carbon preparation from natural rubber biosludge for the study of characterization, kinetics and isotherms, thermodynamics, reusability during Cr(VI) and methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Mahapatra Uttara , Chatterjee Abhijit , Das Chandan , Manna Ajay Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Alkaline leachate, dust generation, and foul smell during the stacking process of natural rubber biosludge (NRBS) can pollute surrounding water, soil, and air. In this study, natural rubber chemically activated carbon (NRCAC) has been synthesized for the first time from NRBS by pyrolysis using ZnCl2 at 700 °C for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Both NRBS and NRCAC were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). FTIR and SEM-EDS suggested significant functional and morphological transformations in NRCAC. Experimental investigations of different process parameters, such as pH, concentration, contact time, salt concentration, etc., were conducted to study their influences on adsorption. Adsorption and desorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while adsorption equilibrium followed Liu isotherm. Maximum uptake calculated from the Liu model was 81.28 and 211.90 mg/g for Cr(VI) and MB, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis established spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. Up to five adsorption/desorption cycles were conducted using eluents such as 1 M NaOH and water for Cr(VI) and MB, respectively. Electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange favored Cr(VI)/MB adsorption, while hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking were significant in MB uptake. Overall findings suggest that NRBS (a renewable agro-industrial, abundant, and freely available) could be employed to synthesize biochar for adsorptive removal of wastewater containing Cr(VI)/MB.