bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urbanization and cardiovascular health among Indigenous groups in Brazil
Authors: Armstrong Anderson da Costa , de Souza Carlos Dornels Freire , Santos Juracy Marques dos , Carmo Rodrigo Feliciano do , Armstrong Dinani Matoso Fialho de Oliveira , Pereira Vanessa Cardoso , Ladeia Ana Marice , Correia Luis Claudio Lemos , Barral-Netto Manoel , Lima Joao Augusto Costa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
We described the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in groups of Brazilian Indigenous people at different degrees of urbanization.

Methods
The Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous populations (Projeto de Aterosclerose em Indígenas; PAI) is a cross-sectional study conducted in Northeast Brazil between August 2016–June 2017. It included three populations: Fulni-ô Indigenous people (lowest degree of urbanization), Truká Indigenous people (greater urbanization), and a highly urbanized non-Indigenous local cohort (control group). Participants were assessed to register sociodemographic, anthropometric, as well as clinical and laboratory-derived cardiovascular (CV) risk parameters. Age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was also computed. Nonparametric tests were used for group comparisons.

Results
Here we included 999 participants, with a predominance of females in all three groups (68.3% Control group, 65.0% Fulni-ô indigenous group, and 60.1% Truká indigenous group). Obesity was present in 45.6% of the urban non-Indigenous population, 37.7% Truká and in 27.6% Fulni-ô participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.1% (n = 297) with lower prevalence in the less urbanized Fulni-ô people (Fulni-ô – 18.2%; Truká – 33.9%; and Control – 33.8%; p < 0.001). In the elderly male population, the prevalence of hypertension was 18.7% in the Fulni-ô, 45.8% in the Truká, and 54.5% in the control group. Of the 342 participants that self-reported hypertension, 37.5% (n = 68) showed uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). Uncontrolled BP was more prevalent among Truká people when compared to Fulni-ô people and non-Indigenous participants (45.4%, 22.9%, and 40.7%, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We found a higher cardiovascular risk in communities with a higher degree of urbanization, suggesting that living in towns and cities may have a negative impact on these aspects of cardiovascular health.
Noise Modulates Crosslinguistic Effects on Second-Language Auditory Word Recognition
Authors: Guediche Sara , Navarra-Barindelli Eugenia , Martin Clara D. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
This study investigates whether crosslinguistic effects on auditory word recognition are modulated by the quality of the auditory signal (clear and noisy).

Method:
In an online experiment, a group of Spanish–English bilingual listeners performed an auditory lexical decision task, in their second language, English. Words and pseudowords were either presented in the clear or were embedded in white auditory noise. Target words were varied in the degree to which they overlapped in their phonological form with their translation equivalents and were categorized according to their overlap as cognates (form and meaning) or noncognates (meaning only). In order to test for effects of crosslinguistic competition, the phonological neighborhood density of the targets' translations was also manipulated.

Results:
The results show that crosslinguistic effects are impacted by noise; when the translation had a high neighborhood density, performance was worse for cognates than for noncognates, especially in noise.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that noise increases lexical competition across languages, as it does within a language, and that the crosslinguistic phonological overlap for cognates compared with noncognates can further increase the pool of competitors by co-activating crosslinguistic lexical candidates. The results are discussed within the context of the bilingual word recognition literature and models of language and bilingual lexical processing.
Reconnecting Indigenous Language for a Child Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Callahan Janet , Hanson Elizabeth K. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to describe a grassroots project to develop an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system for a child who is learning to speak the Native American Lakota language. The project began as a part of a homeschool curriculum to address the foreign language requirement during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:
Initially, the mother of the child, who is enrolled in the Oglala Sioux Tribe of South Dakota, located a list of the 1,000 most frequently used words in Lakota and a Level 1 textbook and began programming vocabulary by word class in her child's electronic speech-generating AAC system (i.e., the CoughDrop app on an iPad). The programming has grown to include more than 1,600 vocabulary items, and the work continues. A need for symbols that are culturally and linguistically appropriate soon surfaced. Following that, the lack of a synthesized voice that accurately captures the prosody of spoken Lakota became apparent. The development of both has been added to project goals. Eventually, the goal is to have an AAC system that may be used for other speakers of Lakota and, potentially, programming protocols that will lead to the development of similar systems for other Indigenous languages.
scRNA‐seq data analysis method to improve analysis performance
Authors: Lu Junru , Sheng Yuqi , Qian Weiheng , Pan Min , Zhao Xiangwei , Ge Qinyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the development of single‐cell RNA sequencing technology (scRNA‐seq), we have the ability to study biological questions at the level of the individual cell transcriptome. Nowadays, many analysis tools, specifically suitable for single‐cell RNA sequencing data, have been developed. In this review, the currently commonly used scRNA‐seq protocols are discussed. The upstream processing flow pipeline of scRNA‐seq data, including goals and popular tools for reads mapping and expression quantification, quality control, normalization, imputation, and batch effect removal is also introduced. Finally, methods to evaluate these tools in both cellular and genetic dimensions, clustering and differential expression analysis are presented.
Warum man auch als Pneumologe und Schlafmediziner den „Nasenzyklus“ kennen sollte
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Viniol Christian , Hildebrandt Olaf , Kesper Karl , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Conradt Regina , Sohrabi Keywan 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungUnter „Nasenzyklus“ versteht man die am Tage und im Schlaf wechselweise auftretenden spontanen Schwellungszustände der beiden Nasengänge bei gleichbleibendem nasalen Gesamtfluss. Der Nasenzyklus wurde erstmals 1895 von R. Kayser beschrieben. Ein Nasenzyklus besteht aus einer Ruhe- und einer Arbeitsphase. In der Ruhephase kommt es zur Schleimhautschwellung mit Regeneration und Rehydrierung. Etwa 70–90% der Menschen weisen einen nasalen Zyklus auf. Die im Schlaf ablaufenden Nasenzyklen sind hinsichtlich der Phasendauer länger als die am Tage. Unterschiedliche Faktoren wie Alter, Schlaf, Körperposition, körperliche Aktivität und mukoziliäre Clearance nehmen Einfluss auf den nasalen Zyklus. Die Langzeit-Rhinoflowmetrie ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des zirkadianen Verlaufs der wechselweise auftretenden zyklischen Veränderungen der Nasenschleimhaut.
Fetal Diaphragmatic Excursion Is Decreased in Hospitalized Pregnant Women Infected with COVID-19 during the Second and Third Trimesters
Authors: Sahin Mefkure Eraslan , Sahin Erdem , Kirlangic Mehmet M. , Ak Mehmet , Daglıtuncezdi Cam Seyma , Cundubey Cevat R. , Col Madendag Ilknur , Madendag Yusuf 
Published: February 2023

Objective In the present study, we aimed to evaluate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection effects on fetal diaphragm thickness and diaphragmatic excursion, which together show the quality of diaphragmatic contractions.
Study Design One hundred and ninety-two pregnant women were included in this prospective case–control study. Patients were divided into four groups according to their COVID-19 infection history in their second or third trimester: hospitalized COVID-19-infected pregnant women group (n = 48), outpatient COVID-19-infected pregnant women group (n = 48), common cold (COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction negative) pregnant women group (n = 48), and noninfected healthy controls (n = 48). The number of patients was determined by power analysis following the pilot study. All participants underwent an ultrasound examination to determine fetal diaphragm parameters at 32 to 37 weeks of gestation.
Results Demographic characteristics were similar among the four groups. The gestational age at ultrasound examination and gestational age at delivery were similar among the groups. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was significantly higher in the hospitalized COVID-19-infected pregnant women group than the other groups. The fetal diaphragm thickness during inspiration and expiration, and fetal costophrenic angles at inspiration and expiration were similar among the groups. Fetal diaphragmatic excursion was significantly decreased in the hospitalized COVID-19-infected pregnant women group compared with the other groups.
Conclusion Our results indicated that moderate maternal COVID-19 infection decreased fetal diaphragmatic excursion, and ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal diaphragmatic excursion before delivery can provide critical information to predict whether infants will require NICU admission.
Key Points
[3,3]-Rearrangements of N-Oxyindoles
Authors: Cho Eun Jin , Ali Kashif , Bera Milan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concerted Ag-catalyzed rearrangement of N-indolyl carbonates and esters to afford 3-oxyindole derivatives with broad functional-group compatibility is presented. In addition, this concerted [3,3]-rearrangement approach was expanded to the synthesis of phosphonate and sulfonamide derivatives without the use of an Ag catalyst. Control experiments suggested that no radical pathway is involved at any stage of the rearrangement process.
Evolution of Hemostasis Testing: A Personal Reflection Covering over 40 Years of History*
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is no certainty in change, other than change is certain. As Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis celebrates 50 years of publication, I felt it appropriate to reflect on my own 40-year plus scientific career. My career in the thrombosis and hemostasis field did not start until 1987, but the subsequent 35 years reflected a period of significant change in associated disease diagnostics. I started in the Westmead Hospital “coagulation laboratory” when staff were still performing manual clotting tests, using stopwatches, pipettes, test tubes, and a water bath, which we transported to the hospital outpatient department to run our weekly warfarin clinic. Several hemostasis instruments have come and gone, including the Coag-A-Mate X2, the ACL-300R, the MDA-180, the BCS XP, and several StaR Evolution analyzers. Some instruments remain, including the PFA-100, PFA-200, the AggRAM, the CS-5100, an AcuStar, a Hydrasys gel system, and two ACL-TOP 750s. We still have a water bath, but this is primarily used to defrost frozen samples, and manual clotting tests are only used to teach visiting medical students. We have migrated across several methodologies in the 45-year history of the local laboratory. Laurel gel rockets, used for several assays in the 1980s, were replaced with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays and most assays were eventually placed on automated instruments. Radio-isotopic assays, used in the 1980s, were replaced by an alternate safer method or else abandoned. Test numbers have increased markedly over time. The approximately 31,000 hemostasis assays performed at the Westmead-based laboratory in 1983 had become approximately 200,000 in 2022, a sixfold increase. Some 90,000 prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastic times are now performed at this laboratory per year. Thrombophilia assays were added to the test repertoires over time, as were the tests to measure several anticoagulant drugs, most recently the direct oral anticoagulants. I hope my personal history, reflecting on the changes in hemostasis testing over my career to date in the field, is found to be of interest to the readership, and I hope they forgive any inaccuracies I have introduced in this reflection of the past.
Extreme gravitational interactions in the problem of three black holes in general relativity
Authors: Imbrogno M , Meringolo C , Servidio S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the three-body problem going from Newtonian mechanics to general relativity. In the classical case, we model the interactions in a typical chaotic configuration, identifying extreme gravitational interactions (EGIs), namely transients in which the system manifests complex, highly-energetic dynamics. We then concentrate on the main part of the work, by selecting these EGIs as initial data for the general relativistic case, and performing a campaign of numerical relativity simulations. To provide a comprehensive menu of cases, we investigate different global configurations. By comparing with the more ‘quiet’ two-body inspiral, we observe strong nonlinear emission of gravitational waves. The multi-body signals have been inspected by employing both Fourier and wavelet analyses, showing net differences among the global configurations. The wavelet analysis reveals the reminiscence of the EGIs in the three black holes problem. Such a survey of simulations might be a guide for future observations.
RF MEMS capacitive shunt switch for low loss applications
Authors: Joy Kanaka , Swarnkar Anurag , Giridhar M S , DasGupta Amitava , Nair Deleep R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system capacitive shunt switch with metal-to-metal contact is designed, fabricated and tested with the aim of having very low insertion loss (<0.2 dB) for high frequencies. The switch is designed with two identical parallel side beams with no overlapping with the signal line. This design has an added advantage of removing the self-actuation issues at high RF power. The measured isolation offered by the switch is greater than 40 dB at the resonant frequency, and the resonant frequency can be easily tuned by changing the length of a thin floating metal layer beneath the signal line.
The 2022 applied physics by pioneering women: a roadmap
Authors: Abad Begoña , Alberi Kirstin , Ayers Katherine E , Badhulika Sushmee , Ban Chunmei , Béa Hélène , Béron Fanny , Cairney Julie , Chang Jane P , Charles Christine , Creatore Mariadriana , Dong Hui , Du Jia , Egan Renate , Everschor-Sitte Karin , Foley Cathy , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , Jung Myung-Hwa , Kim Hyunjung , Kurtz Sarah , Lee Jieun , Leitao Diana C , Lemmer Kristina , Marschilok Amy C , Mitu Bogdana , Newman Bonna K , Owens Roisin , Pappa Anna-Maria , Park Youngah , Peckham Michelle , Rossi Liane M , Shim Sang-Hee , Siddiqui Saima Afroz , Son Ji-Won , Spiga Sabina , Tsikata Sedina , Vianello Elisa , Wilson Karen , Yuasa Hiromi , Zardo Ilaria , Zenyuk Iryna , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhao Yudi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Women have made significant contributions to applied physics research and development, and their participation is vital to continued progress. Recognizing these contributions is important for encouraging increased involvement and creating an equitable environment in which women can thrive. This Roadmap on Women in Applied Physics, written by women scientists and engineers, is intended to celebrate women’s accomplishments, highlight established and early career researchers enlarging the boundaries in their respective fields, and promote increased visibility for the impact women have on applied physics research. Perspectives cover the topics of plasma materials processing and propulsion, super-resolution microscopy, bioelectronics, spintronics, superconducting quantum interference device technology, quantum materials, 2D materials, catalysis and surface science, fuel cells, batteries, photovoltaics, neuromorphic computing and devices, nanophotonics and nanophononics, and nanomagnetism. Our intent is to inspire more women to enter these fields and encourage an atmosphere of inclusion within the scientific community.
Nonabelian Ginzburg–Landau theory for ferroelectrics
Authors: Li You-Quan , Wang Pei , Zhang Hua , Zhang Hong , Fu Li-Bin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Ginzburg–Landau theory, which was introduced to phenomenologically describe the destruction of superconductivity by a magnetic field at the beginning, has brought up much more knowledge beyond the original one as a mean-field theory of thermodynamics states. There the complex order parameter plays an important role. Here we propose a macroscopic theory to describe the features of ferroelectrics by a two-component complex order parameter coupled to nonabelian gauge potentials that provide more freedom to reflect interplays between different measurables. Within this theoretical framework, some recently discovered empirical static and time-independent phenomena, such as vortex, anti-vortex, spiral orders can be obtained as solutions for different gauge potentials. It is expected to bring in a new angle of view with more elucidation than the traditional one that takes the polarization as order parameter.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of highly structure-controlled Zr-based metallic glasses by thermal rejuvenation technique
Authors: Guo Wei , Niiyama Tomoaki , Yamada Rui , Wakeda Masato , Saida Junji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A novel thermal rejuvenation treatment facility for Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) was developed, consisting of a rapid heating and indirect liquid nitrogen quenching process. The re-introduction of free volume into thermally rejuvenated BMG results in more disordered state. The rejuvenation improves ductility, implying that the re-introduced free volume aids in the recovery of the shear transformation zone (STZ) site and volume. Actually, it is confirmed that relaxation significantly reduces STZ volume; however, it is recovered by thermal rejuvenation. Molecular dynamics simulations also indicate that rejuvenation enhances homogeneous deformation. The current findings indicate that the thermal rejuvenation method is extremely effective for recovering or improving the ductility of metallic glass that has been lost due to relaxation.
Cardiologist’s exposure to radiation in cath lab measured with InstadoseTM dosimeter
Authors: Moreira Antônio Carlos , da Silva Branco Amanda Juliene , Khoury Helen Jamil , Pires Silvio Ricardo , Pereira Barbosa Adriano Henrique , Bitelli Medeiros Regina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: complex fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures in cardiology are known to result in higher radiation doses for patients and staff. Purpose: to estimate the equivalent dose received in different regions of the cardiologist’s body in catheterism (CATH) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring the doses in the catheritization laboratory (cath lab) using a direct ion storage dosimeter. Materials and methods: the InstadoseTM and the thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) were fixed simultaneously in the following regions of the cardiologist’s body: near the eyes (left and right), the trunk region (over the lead apron) and the left ankle. Occupational doses were recorded during 86 procedures (60% CATH). Results: catheterization procedures showed third quartile dose values near to the left eye region equal to 0.10 mSv (TLD-100) and 0.12 (InstadoseTM) and for intervention 0.15 mSv (TLD-100 and InstadoseTM). The doses measured in the trunk region, over the lead apron, were about 13% higher for catheterization procedures and 20% higher for intervention procedures compared to left eye region measurements. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was applied for unpaired data for all body regions, comparing the data obtained between the TLD-100 and InstadoseTM dosimeters. For CATH and PCI, the responses of the TLD-100 and InstadoseTM dosimeters are considered equal for all analysed regions (p > 0.05) with the exception of the right eye region. Conclusion: the InstadoseTM passive dosimeter can be useful as a complementary assessment in the monitoring of a cardiologist’s personal occupational doses in the cath lab.
JRODOS customization for Pakistan and assessment of the consequences of a hypothetical nuclear accident
Authors: Hussain Mazzammal , Mehboob Khurram , Ilyas Syed Zafar , Smith Kilian , Shaheen Saima 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, decision support systems and modelling tools are utilized in response to nuclear and radiological emergencies. The Java-based Real-time On-line Decision Support System (JRODOS) is a decision support tool that can be utilised in response to an emergency in managing off-site radiological consequences. This article documents the customization and use of JRODOS for Pakistan. The JRODOS was tailored to the local Pakistan conditions, and a case study for a theoretical nuclear power plant accident was used to assess JRODOS's feasibility as a decision support tool. A worse case probabilistic accident scenario was used to identify zones and areas where urgent protective actions, early protective actions and food restriction and other response actions could be required. The areas and distances identified for the implementation of protective and response actions for such a hypothetical accident were found to be in agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) suggested emergency planning zones and distances. Additionally, the implications of meteorological and source term input parameters on predicting the radiation doses to members of the public were investigated. It was identified that the output of such tools strongly depends on the availability and accuracy of the input parameters such as radioactive release and meteorological data. Limitations and uncertainties associated with these tools need to be considered in deciding on protective and other response actions in response to a nuclear accident. As established by the IAEA, protective and other response actions need to be applied on a graded approach taking into account the protection strategy and uncertainties and limitation in the available information and criteria, based on the conditions at the facility and off the site.
Gearbox fault diagnosis based on generalized multivariate logarithmic regularization
Authors: Yin Na , Sun Dengyun , Meng Zong , Li Jimeng , Cao Lixiao , Fan Fengjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Feature extraction based on sparse representation is widely applied in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis. L1 norm regularization is a classical sparse regularization method, but this method has sparse underestimation for large-value features. A signal sparse representation method based on generalized multivariate logarithmic regularization is proposed in this paper. First, the sparse penalty term in the proposed method is designed according to the minimum convolution and logarithmic function, namely the generalized logarithmic non-convex penalty function. Then, the convexity condition of the objective function is studied to verify the feasibility of the method. The applicability of the method is also improved by analyzing the parameter constraint relation in the objective function. Finally, the sparse optimal solution is obtained by the forward-back splitting algorithm. Experiments show that compared with other non-convex sparse models, the proposed method can solve the problem of sparse underestimation more effectively and improve the reliability of gearbox fault diagnosis.