bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tiger Attack Resulting in a Humeral Defect Treated with Proximal Humeral Replacement and Latissimus Dorsi Flap
Authors: Murphy John David , Judson William R. , Edge Lauren , Vollant Michael , Harker John , Florschutz Anthony 
Published: June 2023

Case:
A 69-year-old woman presented with a type IIIB left proximal humerus fracture with a 500-square-centimeter soft tissue defect, 10-cm bone defect, and radial nerve laceration after a tiger attack. The surgical intervention included proximal humeral replacement with muscular integration, radial nerve repair, and latissimus dorsi flap coverage.

Conclusion:
This case presents an exceedingly rare injury mechanism resulting in a significant soft tissue and bone defect. Its novelty lies in the complexity of the injury, which required a well-coordinated multispecialty treatment approach. This strategy applies to injuries with similar extensive soft tissue and bone defects.
Integration of Geophysical Methods to Study Deep Structure of the Angara Fault, the Largest in the Baikal Rift
Authors: Seminsky I.К. , Seminsky A.К. , Pospeev A.V. , Rustamova F.R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
—The Angara regional fault which is transversal to the Baikal basin totals about 150 km in length and ranks as a major strike-slip fault with the normal component in the seismically active rift zone. Given that its vicinities represent an area with high population density, the emphasis needs to be placed primarily on the study of its structural features. At this, the Angara fault has been poorly studied by geophysical methods. Results of the specialized mapping carried out in the 1990s revealed the block structure of the Angara fault zone, however without a reliable identification of the fault plane, which leaves its position still to be debatable. To establish the Angara fault plane and studying its deep structure, the integration of such geophysical methods as magnetotelluric (MT) sounding, radon emanation and fieldwalking magnetic surveys was required. Their application in the study of the deep structure of the southern parts of the Angara fault allowed revealing anomalies in all of the measured fields, accordingly. The anomaly-forming object, which the authors associate with the deep penetrated Angara fault plane, was expressed in the most distinct way by the magnetotelluric data (as a high-resistivity region (ER = 8500 Ohm∙m) relative to the host rock) and radon emanation survey (radon volumetric activity index RAI ≥ 20). The fact that the magnetic field received only minor distortions from the object may indicate either moderate magnetic characteristics of the latter or a significant occurrence depth. The identified anomaly-forming object localized within the crystalline basement tends to be more sharply expressed in the left bank of the Irkutsk Reservoir, while in the upper part of the cross-section it is overprinted by rocks of the sedimentary cover.
Low N2O emissions induced by root-derived residues compared to aboveground residues of red clover or grasses mixed in the soil
Authors: Bleken Marina Azzaroli , Rittl Tatiana Francischinelli , Nadeem Shahid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
IPCC default guidelines assume a constant N2O emission factor (EFN2O) for both belowground crop residues (BGR) and aboveground residues (AGR), and that ~70 % of total N2O emissions following renewal of temporary grasslands come from BGR. However, empirical evidence is lacking, which motivated this study.

BGR-free soil and BGR-rich clay loam collected in grass or red clover leys were incubated alone or mixed with AGR and different doses of nitrate over 107 days. The average EFN2O of BGR was around 18 % of that of AGR, and remained low even when soil nitrate concentration was very high, whereas EFN2O of AGR varied largely and rocketed even with a small increase in soil nitrate. The decomposition of the carbon present in crop residues was critical for N2O emissions. Lower emission factors of BGR relative to AGR were related to slower C decomposition, which was not predicted by the biochemical characteristics. It is also likely that BGR were less conducive than AGR to develop into hotspots for N2O emission because of the roots’ finer distribution and closer contact with soil particles. Differences in EFN2O among AGR were mostly linked to the availability of N, either derived from residue mineralization or present in the soil.

In conclusion, belowground residues likely contribute less to N2O emissions than calculated by the IPCC default methodology, whereas the ‘carbon effect’ and potentially high emissions factors of non-removable stubble interacting with the fertilizer management are neglected.
Dynamic rates of site occupancy by native birds in an urban ecological reserve
Authors: Zúñiga-Vega J. Jaime , Suárez-Rodríguez Monserrat , Ramírez-Cruz Gonzalo A. , Solano-Zavaleta Israel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Urban ecological reserves are relatively large green areas immersed within cities that serve the purpose of preserving the native species of plants and animals that still persist in urban settings. In this study, we examined temporal changes (among seasons and years) in site occupancy rates of nine species of native birds that inhabit an urban ecological reserve located within one of the largest cities in the world, Mexico City. Using data collected during 11 field seasons that spanned a four-year period and implementing multi-season occupancy models, we estimated occupancy, colonization, local extinction, and detection probabilities of all nine species. For more than half of our study species, the highest occupancy and colonization rates occurred at or near the urban areas that surround the reserve. Additionally, in three species local extinction probabilities were lowest also at these urban sites. This urban affinity can be explained by the diverse vegetation that prevails in the surrounding urban sites, which offers a high habitat heterogeneity that facilitates the presence of bird species with distinct ecological needs. In contrast, the ecological reserve consists of a relatively homogeneous xerophytic scrubland where a few species of shrubs and small trees are dominant. We did not detect long-term decreasing trends in site occupancy of any species. Instead, in three species we observed positive trends in occupancy during particular periods. Overall, our findings indicate that the combination of this urban ecological reserve with the green spaces of the surrounding urban areas harbors stable populations of native birds.
High precision structural mapping using advanced gravity processing methods: a case study from the North region of Cameroon
Authors: Gautier Kamto Paul , Oksum Erdinc , Yap Loudi , Kande Houetchak Ludovic , Kamguia Joseph 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to perform a high-precision mapping of geological features (lineaments and faults) likely to develop underground aquifers in the crystalline and metamorphic rocks of northern Cameroon. The main techniques used for gravity data processing included the tilt angle of horizontal gradient (TAHG), the improved logistic filter (ILF), the fast sigmoid edge detector filter (FSF), and an edge detection filter based on the arcsine function (ASF). Before applying these edge detection filters to major geological units of North Cameroon, their effectiveness and performance have been assessed through synthetic gravity data with and without gravity perturbation. In addition, the Euler deconvolution formula has been used to estimate the position and the apparent depth of anomalous gravity sources in the study region. It appears that the main structural features are trending along the N-S, NNE-SSW and NE-SW directions. The deepest density anomalies in the region are identified in the NW-SE direction, which coincides well with the extension of the West and Central African rift system in the study area. The advanced edge detection techniques and the Euler deconvolution method have both identified a network of superficial lineaments around longitude 13oN and latitude 8oN, and located between 0 and 4 km depth. The NW-SE trending crustal features outlined in the northeast of the region, indicate that the area would have been the target of a uniform tectonic activity. This work is a contribution to a better knowledge of the configuration of fractures network, and to a better exploitation of groundwater resources available in the region.
Superior Activation of Persulfate to Degrade Acetaminophen by MgO incorporated CuO/TiO2: Pivotal Roles of non-redox MgO in the Regulation of Performance, Surface Properties and Nonradical Mechanism
Authors: Jiang Wang , Ali Jawad , Luo Fang , Wang Siqi , Wang Jia , Liao Zhuwei , Chen Zhuqi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) through the activation of persulfate (PS, S2O82−) have received increasing attentions due to their excellent ability to remove emerging pollutants. Herein, we provided a new approach to modulate the properties of copper-based catalysts through the incorporation of non-redox metal oxides MgO. The pivotal roles of MgO in regulating catalytic performance of various catalysts including CuOMgO/TiO2, CuOMgO/Kaolin, CuOMgO/SiO2, CuOMgO/MnO2, CuOMgO/Al2O3 and CuOMgO/ZnO were comprehensively studied. Among them, CuOMgO/TiO2-PS exhibited outstanding performance with reaction kinetic constant (kobs) of 0.046 min− 1, which was 15–100 times higher than that of control catalysts such as CuO-PS (0.00020 min− 1) and CuO/TiO2-PS (0.0070 min− 1). Additionally, Cu ions leaching from CuO/TiO2 (2.5 mg/L) was also obviously controlled in CuOMgO/TiO2 (0.34 mg/L) when being utilized for PS activation. Scavenging tests, EPR, electrochemical analysis and kinetic study on PS decomposition showed that electron transfer was the dominant oxidation pathway rather than classic free radicals or 1O2 in CuOMgO/TiO2/PS. Moreover, XRD, BET, EPR, XPS and FTIR disclosed that the incorporation of MgO significantly increased the intensity of surface hydroxyl groups with a larger surface area of CuOMgO/TiO2, which facilitated the outer-sphere coordination of Cu center and PS, therefore enhanced the generation of isolated surface-bound Cu2+ ions which played the dominant role for electron transfer process.
Effectiveness of carbon pricing – A systematic review and meta-analysis of the ex-post literature
Authors: Döbbeling-Hildebrandt Niklas , Miersch Klaas , Khanna Tarun , Bachelet Marion , Bruns Stephan B. , Callaghan Max , Edenhofer Ottmar , Flachsland Christian , Forster Piers , Kalkuhl Matthias , Koch Nicolas , Lamb William , Ohlendorf Nils , Steckel Jan , Minx Jan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Today, about 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. We use a rigorous, machine-learning-assisted systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions of about 10.4% on average (6.8% after correcting for publication bias), despite the low level of prices in most instances. Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of "what works" and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy.
Ocrelizumab for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A cost effectiveness study in Peru
Authors: Gutierrez-Aguado Alfonso , Angeles-Donayre Mariuccia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: This study examines the cost-effectiveness of Ocrelizumab, a treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), in the Peruvian healthcare system. RRMS is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, and its prevalence in Peru has been reported to be 9.12 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
Methods: A cohort multi-state Markov model was developed to simulate disease progression and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Ocrelizumab compared to other treatment alternatives for RRMS. The model considered various health states, including relapse, disability progression, conversion to secondary-progressive MS, mortality, treatment effect waning, treatment withdrawal, and adverse events. Costs associated with medication, administration, monitoring, and adverse events were included. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and life years (LYs) gained were analyzed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire.
Results: In the base-case scenario, Ocrelizumab was found to be a cost-effective intervention, with a cost per QALY and LYs below the willingness-to-pay threshold. When compared to other treatment alternatives, Ocrelizumab was dominant, providing greater QALYs and LYs at a lower cost than Interferon, Natalizumab, Teriflunomide, and Alemtuzumab. However, Alemtuzumab had a higher cost but provided more QALYs and LYs than Ocrelizumab.
Conclusions: Ocrelizumab was deemed cost-effective in the treatment of RRMS in Peru. It offered a favorable balance between cost and health outcomes, making it a compelling choice for RRMS management and resource allocation. The study's findings align with previous research highlighting the cost-effectiveness of Ocrelizumab in RRMS treatment across different healthcare systems. Limitations include the simplifications made in the model and the availability and accuracy of data sources used.
Sevoflurane activates rapamycin signaling to alleviate cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Lin Kai , Li Weichao , Pan Xuee , Tu Jiayu , Li Heng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sevoflurane, as a widely used inhaled general anesthetic, has cardioprotective effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I / R). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin signal target protein on sevoflurane post-processing in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes.
Material and Methods
In the experiment use H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were cultured with sevoflurane. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The morphological structure of mitochondria was analyzed by laser confocal microscope and ImageJ + Mina software. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of rapamycin signal target protein and apoptosis protein in H9c2 cells.
Results
The experimental results show that sevoflurane post-treatment (SPC) increased the expression of rapamycin signal target protein and alleviated the I / R injury of H9c2 cells (p < 0.05). SPC can promote the mitochondrial fusion of cardiomyocytes by activating rapamycin signal target, reduce mitochondrial division and maintain the normal structure of mitochondria, so as to protect central myocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury (p < 0.05). Moreover, SPC reduced the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes and the expression level of apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and caspase-9 after myocardial I / R injury. The anti apoptotic effect may be the reason for the protective effect of SPC on H9c2 cells (p < 0.05). The use of the inhibitor rapamycin can eliminate this protective effect.
Conclusion
SPC activates rapamycin signal target to reduce myocardial I / R injury by maintaining myocardial function, promoting mitochondrial fusion and reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Intelligent Kitchen Waste Composting System via Deep Learning and IoT
Authors: Teh Boon Hong , Saruchi Sarah Atifah , Solihin Mahmud Iwan , Seng Jonathan Lam Lit , Halisno Nico , Razap Ahmad Nor Alifa A , Izni Nor Aziyatul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Kitchen waste is listed among the top global sustainability issue as it contributes to global warming and climate change. Composting is one of the solutions to tackle the issue of kitchen waste increment. However, a manual composting system has led to several problems for the waste management authorities to invest more in human labor, cost, and time to segregate and dispose of the kitchen waste and its composting soil. Therefore, this project proposes an intelligent kitchen waste composting system via deep learning and Internet-of-Things (IoT) that is fully automated to cater for that issue. Firstly, the proposed system utilized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect and segregate kitchen waste into compostable and non-compostable categories. Then, the classified compostable waste went through composting stage inside an automated compost bin with the feature of IoT. The IoT compost bin requires less human labor as it used sensors, actuators, and Wi-Fi connection to monitor and control the composting process. Finally, the compost soil is transferred to the designated gardening area via smart compost soil transportation system. The system consists of a robot equipped with infrared sensors. The sensors control the robot's movement by tracking the predefined black tape path. A prototype is built to investigate the performance of the proposed system. Results show that each sub-system managed to interact with one another, thus creating a large intelligent system that succeeded in completing the kitchen waste segregation, composting and ready compost delivering tasks automatically. In the future, it is expected that the proposed intelligent system has the potential to be commercialized to tackle the kitchen waste increment issue as it offers an economical yet high-efficiency solution.
Spatial-temporal transformer network for protecting person-of-interest from deepfaking
Authors: Lu Dingyu , Zhang Dongming , Zhang Jing , Jin Guoqing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The rampant use of forgery techniques poses a significant threat to the security of celebrities' identities. Although current deepfake detection methods have shown effectiveness when dealing with specific public face forgery datasets, their reliability diminishes when applied to open data. Moreover, these methods are susceptible to re-compression and mainly rely on pixel-level abnormalities in forgery faces.

In this study, we present a novel approach to detecting face forgery by leveraging individual speaking patterns of facial expressions and head movements. Our method utilizes potential motion patterns and inter-frame variations to effectively differentiate between fake and real videos. We propose an end-to-end dual-branch detection network, named the spatial-temporal transformer (STT), which aims to safeguard the identity of the person-of-interest (POI) from deepfaking. The STT incorporates the spatial transformer (ST) to establish the connection between facial expressions and head movements, while the temporal transformer (TT) exploits inconsistencies in facial attribute changes. Additionally, we introduce a central compression loss to enhance the detection performance.

Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the STT, and the results demonstrate its superiority over other SOTA methods in detecting forgery videos involving POIs. Furthermore, our network exhibits resilience to pixel-level re-compression perturbations, making it a robust solution in the face of evolving forgery techniques.
Characterization of Precipitation Concentration Indicators and Their Variations in a Central European Region
Authors: Eini Mohammad Reza , Darand Mohammad , Malekzadeh Faezeh , Kabiri Nazanin , Panahi Amir , Piniewski Mikołaj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, climate change affected several regions over the globe by changing the temporal and spatial pattern of precipitation, increasing the temperature, and causing severe droughts and floods. In this regard, understanding the changes and characteristics of precipitation in different aspects is an urgent practice. In this study, by employing four precipitation concentration indices, including CI (concentration index), PCI (precipitation concentration index), PCP (precipitation concentration period), and PCD (precipitation concentration degree), various features of precipitation concentration over union of Polish territory and the Vistula and Odra basins in Central Europe are investigated. For this aim, a 2 km × 2 km regional gridded dataset was employed from 1990–2019 at daily time steps. Results show that the number of rainy days varies between 160 and 250 days. In general, the effects of sea and high elevation on precipitation concentration are vivid in the south (mountainous area) and north (Baltic Sea). Over the foothills of the mountainous area, CI has a more extensive range than other areas; this indicates that precipitation over these regions happened over fewer days. The variation of PCI is tiny and shows that almost all months contribute to the annual precipitation. PCP, by varying between 40˚ to 130˚, shows that the most considerable amount of precipitation in the short periods occurs between February and May. PCD indicates that precipitation is widely dispersed. These indices have shown that almost precipitation is consistently distributed over the year, and there are no significant changes in these indices. However, these indices have different patterns relative to the central parts of the region over the northern and southern parts.
Surface modification of halloysite nanotube with an amine terminated block copolymer
Authors: Jafazadeh Shahabaldin , Haddadi-Asl Vahid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The surface modification of halloysite nanotube can make it a very prospering vehicle for cancer drug delivery. In the present study, the surface of HNT clay was modified with a copolymer of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyaniline (PANI). The copolymer was decorated on the surface via a grafting from strategy. To fulfill this, the surface was firstly modified with an organosilane component, and then with a chain transfer agent (CTA). Later, the copolymer was grown on the surface via subsequent stages of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and oxidative polymerizations. The successful formation of copolymer on HNT surface was corroborated by spectroscopic analyses including FTIR and 1HNMR. The morphology of the polymer grafted HNT was studied using electron microscopes, i.e. SEM and TEM, and the results revealed that nanostructures with respective mean diameter and length of 40 and 100 nm possessing polymer coating on the interior and exterior surfaces were obtained. The structural analysis with XRD verified the crystalline structure of HNT was almost preserved in the presence of copolymer graft and only the interlayer distances were increased. The thermal study via DSC confirmed that the copolymer grafted HNT possessed glass transition, melting, and degradation peaks. And TGA analysis unveiled that HNT grafted with copolymer represented higher thermal stability comparing that one grafted with pristine PAA. Moreover, quantitative results of TGA substantiated that more that 59% copolymer was grafted onto HNT surface.