bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-plasma analysis of plasma–surface interactions
Authors: Vinchon P. , Asadollahi S. , Coté C. , Marcet S. , Atallah S. , Dessureault E. , Chicoine M. , Sarkissian A. , Leonelli R. , Roorda S. , Schiettekatte F. , Stafford L. 
Published: August 2023

During deposition, modification, and etching of thin films and nanomaterials in reactive plasmas, many active species can interact with the sample simultaneously. This includes reactive neutrals formed by fragmentation of the feed gas, positive ions, and electrons generated by electron-impact ionization of the feed gas and fragments, excited states (in particular, long-lived metastable species), and photons produced by spontaneous de-excitation of excited atoms and molecules. Notably, some of these species can be transiently present during the different phases of plasma processing, such as etching of thin layer deposition. To monitor plasma–surface interactions during materials processing, a new system combining beams of neutral atoms, positive ions, UV photons, and a magnetron plasma source has been developed. This system is equipped with a unique ensemble of in-plasma surface characterization tools, including (1) a Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometer (RBS), (2) an Elastic Recoil Detector (ERD), and (3) a Raman spectroscopy system. RBS and ERD analyses are carried out using a differentially pumped 1.7 MV ion beam line Tandetron accelerator generating a beam at grazing incidence. The ERD system is equipped with an absorber and is specifically used to detect H initially bonded to the surface; higher resolution of surface H is also available through nuclear reaction analysis. In parallel, an optical port facing the substrate is used to perform Raman spectroscopy analysis of the samples during plasma processing. This system enables fast monitoring of a few Raman peaks over nine points scattered on a 1.6 × 1.6 mm2 surface without interference from the inherent light emitted by the plasma. Coupled to the various plasma and beam sources, the unique set of in-plasma surface characterization tools detailed in this study can provide unique time-resolved information on the modification induced by plasma. By using the ion beam analysis capability, the atomic concentrations of various elements in the near-surface (e.g., stoichiometry and impurity content) can be monitored in real-time during plasma deposition or etching. On the other hand, the evolution of Raman peaks as a function of plasma processing time can contribute to a better understanding of the role of low-energy ions in defect generation in irradiation-sensitive materials, such as monolayer graphene.
Laser-driven ramp-compression experiments on the national ignition facility
Authors: Smith Raymond F. , Volz Travis J. , Celliers Peter M. , Braun David G. , Swift Damian C. , Gorman Martin G. , Briggs Richard , Fernandez-Pañella Amalia , Kirsch Leo E. , Marshall Michelle C. , McNaney James M. , Eggert Jon H. , Fratanduono Dayne E. , Ali Suzanne J. 
Published: August 2023

This report details the analyses and related uncertainties in measuring longitudinal-stress–density paths in indirect laser-driven ramp equation-of-state (EOS) experiments [Smith et al., Nat. Astron. 2(6), 452–458 (2018); Smith et al., Nature 511(7509), 330–333 (2014); Fratanduono et al., Science 372(6546), 1063–1068 (2021); and Fratanduono et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124(1), 015701 (2020)]. Experiments were conducted at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The NIF can deliver up to 2 MJ of laser energy over 30 ns and provide the necessary laser power and control to ramp compress materials to TPa pressures (1 TPa = 10 × 106 atmospheres). These data provide low-temperature solid-state EOS data relevant to the extreme conditions found in the deep interiors of giant planets. In these experiments, multi-stepped samples with thicknesses in the range of 40–120 µm experience an initial shock compression followed by a time-dependent ramp compression to peak pressure. Interface velocity measurements from each thickness combine to place a constraint on the Lagrangian sound speed as a function of particle velocity, which in turn allows for the determination of a continuous stress–density path to high levels of compressibility. In this report, we present a detailed description of the experimental techniques and measurement uncertainties and describe how these uncertainties combine to place a final uncertainty in both stress and density. We address the effects of time-dependent deformation and the sensitivity of ramp EOS techniques to the onset of phase transformations.
A search for chiral asymmetry in secondary electron emission from cysteine induced by longitudinally polarized electrons
Authors: Ahrendsen K. J. , Trantham K. W. , Tupa D. , Gay T. J. 
Published: August 2023

We performed experiments searching for chirality-dependent secondary electron emission for a 141 eV longitudinally spin-polarized electron beam incident on a thick solid cysteine target. We determined the secondary electron yield by measuring the positive current produced when the cysteine target was negatively biased. No spin-dependent effects to a level of 10−3 were found for the secondary electron emission yield.
Developing machine-learned potentials to simultaneously capture the dynamics of excess protons and hydroxide ions in classical and path integral simulations
Authors: Atsango Austin O. , Morawietz Tobias , Marsalek Ondrej , Markland Thomas E. 
Published: August 2023

The transport of excess protons and hydroxide ions in water underlies numerous important chemical and biological processes. Accurately simulating the associated transport mechanisms ideally requires utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to model the bond breaking and formation involved in proton transfer and path-integral simulations to model the nuclear quantum effects relevant to light hydrogen atoms. These requirements result in a prohibitive computational cost, especially at the time and length scales needed to converge proton transport properties. Here, we present machine-learned potentials (MLPs) that can model both excess protons and hydroxide ions at the generalized gradient approximation and hybrid density functional theory levels of accuracy and use them to perform multiple nanoseconds of both classical and path-integral proton defect simulations at a fraction of the cost of the corresponding ab initio simulations. We show that the MLPs are able to reproduce ab initio trends and converge properties such as the diffusion coefficients of both excess protons and hydroxide ions. We use our multi-nanosecond simulations, which allow us to monitor large numbers of proton transfer events, to analyze the role of hypercoordination in the transport mechanism of the hydroxide ion and provide further evidence for the asymmetry in diffusion between excess protons and hydroxide ions.
Covariant spin-parity decomposition of the torsion and path integrals
Authors: Martini Riccardo , Paci Gregorio , Sauro Dario 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a functional measure over the torsion tensor. We discuss two completely equivalent choices for the Wheeler–DeWitt supermetric for this field, the first one is based on its algebraic decomposition and the other is inspired by teleparallel theories of gravity. The measure is formally defined by requiring the normalization of the Gaußian integral. To achieve such a result we split the torsion tensor into its spin-parity eigenstates by constructing a new, York-like, decomposition. Of course, such a decomposition has a wider range of applicability to any kind of tensor sharing the symmetries of the torsion. As a result of this procedure a functional Jacobian naturally arises, whose formal expression is given exactly in the phenomenologically interesting limit of maximally symmetric spaces. We also discuss the explicit computation of this Jacobian in the case of a four-dimensional sphereS
4 with particular emphasis on its logarithmic divergences.
A graduate laboratory experiment to study the dynamics of an acoustically levitated particle
Authors: Dolev Amit , Noseda Lorenzo , Yalcin Bora , Sakar Mahmut Selman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The comprehension of physical wave phenomena is imperative for students in the fields of engineering and basic sciences. Laboratory experiments that involve generation of acoustic waves can be used to explain advanced nonlinear wave phenomena. Acoustic levitation is a method for stably suspending and trapping objects in mid-air using acoustic radiation forces. This paper discusses an experimental apparatus that offers an economical means to demonstrate the acoustic levitation of polystyrene particles while enabling the investigation of stability and nonlinear dynamics of the trapped particles. Additionally, this platform offers the potential to examine other phenomena, such as the interaction forces between multiple acoustically levitated particles. The mechanical design of the system along with the data acquisition and control techniques are thoroughly explained.
Micromagnetic simulation of electrochemically deposited Co nanowire arrays for wideband microwave applications
Authors: Pasquale Massimo , Trabada David Gonzales , Olivetti Elena Sonia , Sasso Carlo Paolo , Coisson Marco , Magni Alessandro , Sanchez Felipe Garcia , Vazquez Manuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the magnetic properties of arrays of Co nanowires which exhibit zero bias-field ferromagnetic resonance absorptions in a 0–30 GHz range. Columnar arrays of Co nanowires with lengths of 8–15 µm were electrochemically grown using ∼20 µm thick anodic alumina membranes with 50 nm pore diameters. Microstructural, static magnetic, and microwave properties of five different nanowire arrays were characterized. The studied Co nanowires present different crystal structure textures and magnetic properties. The static magnetic loop shapes and the ferromagnetic resonance frequencies of the nanowire arrays were correctly reproduced using the Mumax3 micromagnetic software. For each sample input parameters dependent on the x-ray diffraction and microstructural data, were fine-tuned to allow the best fit of the experimental hysteresis loops and the related microwave spectra. Using this method, it was possible to analyze the rather complex interplay between geometry and magneto-structural features of the different arrays, defining which parameters play a key role in the development of nano-systems with specific microwave properties.
Synergistic effects of Mg doping on TiO2 for improved toxic gas sensing performance at room temperature
Authors: Rajkumar D , Umamahesvari H , Nagaraju P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The gas sensing characteristics of magnesium (Mg)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were investigated using a spray pyrolysis method. TiO2 Thin films with varying Mg doping concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5 weight percentages) were deposited and tested for their gas detection ability to organic compounds such as ethanol, butanol, toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde at room temperature. Results disclosed that introducing Mg into TiO2 enhanced the gas sensing characteristics, particularly for formaldehyde. Mg-doped TiO2 film improved the change in electrical resistance during gas adsorption, leading to an increased response in formaldehyde detection. Additionally, XRD revealed the crystal structure, while Raman spectroscopy provided insights into molecular vibrational modes of the fabricated films. FESEM allowed for high-resolution imaging of surface morphology, and atomic force microscope assessed surface roughness and other properties of the as deposited samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy was utilized to examine the optical characteristics. The collective results strongly indicated that the introduction of Mg significantly improved the gas-sensing capabilities of TiO2 films, making them highly promising for various gas-sensing applications.
Three-point probe 1/f noise measurement
Authors: Abdula Daner , Thapaliya Tilak R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The impact of contact resistance (R
c) on 1/f noise measurements was studied to demonstrate improved accuracy with a novel three-point probe (3pp) method, introduced here, versus the typical two-point probe (2pp) arrangement. It was shown for n+
-Si that using indium to lower R
c decreased the noise spectral density (NSD) over 100× for 2pp. In the 3pp configuration, NSD was reduced by another ∼5×, independent of indium use (i.e. spectra overlapped), suggesting that 3pp avoids the impact of R
c on NSD. More heavily doped n++
-Si also showed improvements with 3pp and 2pp/indium versus 2pp/bare. Expectedly, 3pp provided less of a benefit relative to 2pp/indium as R
c was already small due to highly degenerate doping. Measurement drift also improved with 3pp. These results have implications on 1/f measurement accuracy for the broadly used 2pp arrangement. The 3pp method provides a better noise floor for NSD testing because it is not convoluted with signal from R
c, does not require metallization and has improved simplicity and versatility yet performs equal to four-point probe methods.
An improved camera model for oblique-viewing laparoscopes: high reprojection accuracy independent of telescope rotation
Authors: Eppenga Roeland , Snaauw Gerard , Kuhlmann Koert , van der Heijden Ferdi , Ruers Theo , Nijkamp Jasper 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Oblique-viewing laparoscopes are popular in laparoscopic surgeries where the target anatomy is located in narrow areas. Their viewing direction can be shifted by telescope rotation without changing the laparoscope pose. This rotation also changes laparoscope camera parameters that are estimated by camera calibration to be able to reproject an anatomical model onto the laparoscopic view, creating augmented reality (AR). The aim of this study was to develop a camera model that accounts for these changes, achieving high reprojection accuracy for any telescope rotation. Approach. Camera parameters were acquired by calibrations encompassing a wide telescope rotation range. For those parameters showing periodic changes upon rotation, interpolation models were created and used to establish an updatable camera model. With this model, corner points of a tracked checkerboard were reprojected onto the checkerboard laparoscopic images, at random rotation angles. Root-mean-square reprojection errors (RMSEs) were calculated between the reprojected and imaged corner points. Main results. Reprojection RMSEs were low and approximately independent on telescope rotation angle, over a wide rotation range of 320°. The mean reprojection RMSE was 2.8

±

0.7 pixels for a conventional laparoscope and 3.6

±

0.7 pixels for a chip-on-the-tip (COTT) laparoscope, corresponding to 0.3

±

0.1 mm and 0.4

±

0.1 mm in world coordinates respectively. Worst-case reprojection errors were about 9 pixels (0.8 mm) for both laparoscopes. Significance. The camera model developed in this study improves on existing models for oblique-viewing laparoscopes because it provides high reprojection accuracy independent of the telescope rotation angle and is applicable for conventional and chip-on-a-tip oblique-viewing laparoscopes. The work presented here is an important step towards creating accurate AR in image-guided interventions where oblique-viewing laparoscopes are used while simultaneously providing the surgeon the flexibility to rotate the telescope to any desired rotation angle. Acronyms. CC: camera coordinates; CCToolbox: camera calibration toolbox; COTT: chip-on-the-tip; CS: camera sensor; DD: decentering distortion; FL: focal length; OTS: optical tracking system; PP: principal point; RD: radial distortion; SI: supplementary information;

t
HE

:

hand-eye translation component
An integrated network based on 2D/3D feature correlations for benign-malignant tumor classification and uncertainty estimation in digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Xiaoyu , Lv Jiahuan , Qin Genggeng , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Classification of benign and malignant tumors is important for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Over the last decade, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has gradually become an effective imaging modality for breast cancer diagnosis due to its ability to generate three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. However, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on 3D images require high computational costs and time. Furthermore, there is considerable redundant information in 3D images. Most CAD systems are designed based on 2D images, which may lose the spatial depth information of tumors. In this study, we propose a 2D/3D integrated network for the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. Approach. We introduce a correlation strategy to describe feature correlations between slices in 3D volumes, corresponding to the tissue relationship and spatial depth features of tumors. The correlation strategy can be used to extract spatial features with little computational cost. In the prediction stage, 3D spatial correlation features and 2D features are both used for classification. Main results. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves higher accuracy and reliability than pure 2D or 3D models. Our framework has a high area under the curve of 0.88 and accuracy of 0.82. The parameter size of the feature extractor in our framework is only 35% of that of the 3D models. In reliability evaluations, our proposed model is more reliable than pure 2D or 3D models because of its effective and nonredundant features. Significance. This study successfully combines 3D spatial correlation features and 2D features for the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors in DBT. In addition to high accuracy and low computational cost, our model is more reliable and can output uncertainty value. From this point of view, the proposed method has the potential to be applied in clinic.
A new projection correction based voting strategy for breast calcification artifact reduction
Authors: Tang Hui , Wang Jiashun , Sun Liang , Wang Shijie , Xiang Jun , Xi Yan , Chen Yang , Jiang Yanni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is an imaging technique that combines traditional tomography with image processing and reconstruction techniques. In screening for breast cancer, high attenuation lesion will cause calcification hardening artifacts, which reduces the reconstructed image quality and limits diagnostic accuracy. We focus on the reconstruction artifacts that are caused by high-attenuation features in DBT, and aim to propose an efficient and accurate method to remove calcification artifacts and retain calcification information. Approach. The proposed method first introduces a new segmentation method, which can segment breast calcification accurately and effectively. Then an interpolation method is used to eliminate both the calcified area and artifact area in the projection images which are then used to reconstruct the image without artifacts and calcifications. Finally, the interpolated reconstructed image and the unprocessed reconstructed image are fused under the proposed voting strategy to obtain the DBT image with calcification artifacts removal. Main results. 18 groups of simulated projection data and 10 groups of real projection data collected by us are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show that our algorithm can effectively reduce the calcification artifact and preserve the effective information in the image as well. Significance. The proposed method utilizes a novel projection correction based voting fusion strategy for image fusion, and is advanced in reducing breast calcification artifacts compared with other state-of-the-art methods. Our work paves the way for more efficient and precise DBT breast cancer screening.
Antilock braking performance evaluation of an automotive magnetorheological braking system
Authors: Yang Guangxin , Fang Shirui , Dong Tao , Luo Yangjun , Wang Daoming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to propose a novel magneto-rheological (MR) braking system (MRBS) using a magneto-rheological brake (MRB) and evaluate its anti-lock braking performance by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification. Firstly, the linear control mathematical model of the MRB is derived by the operation principle of the MR effect and the structure size of the MRB. Secondly, four different anti-lock braking controllers are designed for the MRBS to analyse the control performance under various road conditions. Subsequently, a flywheel type 1/4 vehicle antilock braking system test bench is established for investigates the antilock braking performance of the MRBS. The simulation results demonstrate that the road recognition based fuzzy proportional integral derivative (RRBF-PID) controller can maximize the utilization of the road adhesion coefficient. Furthermore, the RRBF-PID controller can shorten the braking time and distance, as well as maintain the stability of the braking direction during the braking process. In this work, the MRBS exhibits a satisfactory antilock braking performance under different road conditions and the research results could provide a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for the MRBS.
Exceptional-point-engineered phonon laser in a cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Wang Tie , Zhang Wei , Cao Ji , Wang Hong-Fu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a scheme to engineer phonon laser in a non-Hermitian cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system with dissipative magnon-photon coupling. The exceptional point (EP) (the analog of the

-symmetric regime), emerging in the system and changing the properties of photons, magnons, and phonons, can be observed with a tunable dissipative magnon-photon coupling caused by the cavity Lenz’s law. At the EP, we find that a strong nonlinear relation appears between the mechanical amplification factor and the detuning parameter, which results in a dramatic enhancement of magnetostrictive force and mechanical gain, and leading to the highly efficient phonon laser and the ultralow threshold power. Furthermore, EP induced by dissipative coupling is flexible and tunable compared to the

-symmetric regime, and the ultralow threshold power phonon laser is immune to the loss rates of the photon and magnon modes. Our scheme provides a theoretical basis for phonon laser in non-Hermitian systems and presents potential applications ranging from preparing coherent phonon sources to operating on-chip functional acoustic devices.
Rheological measurements and normal compression tests on shear thickening fluids below room temperature
Authors: Sokolovski Vladimir , Tian Tongfei , Ding Jie , Li Weihua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work concentrated on the rheological measurements and normal compression tests of a shear thickening fluid (STF) below room temperature from −20 to 20 °C. The STF was made of 20% of fumed silica and 80% ethylene glycol in weight fraction. Experimental measurements were conducted with a parallel plate MCR301 rheometer. Temperature dependency, steady-state tests, oscillatory fRequency sweep tests, oscillatory shear strain amplitude sweep tests, and normal compression tests were applied on STF, and the testing results were analysed and discussed. The temperature played an important role in the performance of STF. The low temperature increased the STF’s viscosity and shear thickening effect but decreased the STF’s critical shear rate. Frequency was found to contribute to the STF’s phase change from the liquid state to the solid state. The normal compression tests were conducted to determine the equivalent stiffness of STF under different temperatures and various shear rates. The results showed that the STF’s equivalent normal stiffness could be increased by either lowering the applied temperature or increasing the shear rate. A mathematical model was adopted to represent the viscosity of STF in the temperature range from −20 to 20 °C.