bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Food and Nutrition Security: Past Lessons and Future Opportunities
Authors: Bouis Howarth , Hunt Joseph 
Published: June 2023

Traditional food security strategies are reviewed and generally found to have a weak impact on lowering child malnutrition. Unless these programs are properly targeted and linked to employment and micro-credit opportunities for women, they are unlikely to be effective or sustainable. The links between food policy and nutrition security require greater attention to dietary quality through agricultural research and technology, directed to reducing both undernutrition and overnutrition; social security policies that protect poor women and children; and food aid policies that are developmental in intent and impact. One element in the final solution to malnutrition is to provide increased consumption of a range of nonstaple foods. To reach the poor, this will require a relatively large investment in agricultural research and other public and on-farm infrastructure over several decades. In the medium run, a much smaller investment in improving the nutrient content of food staples through plant breeding can make a major contribution to reducing deficiencies in selected micronutrients. The role of women is central to nutrition outcomes through child care, so that policies and programs must consider how to enhance women’s decision-making power in the household, how they affect time demands on women, and how to increase women’s education and nutritional knowledge. Finally, community-based programs, which are central to the RETA strategy for improved nutrition, should be used to monitor the nutrition effects of agricultural policies and programs and to provide feedback to agricultural policymakers as to how to enhance the positive effects and minimize the negative effects of agricultural policies and programs.
Sex-Biased T-cell Exhaustion Drives Differential Immune Responses in Glioblastoma
Authors: Lee Juyeun , Nicosia Michael , Hong Ellen S. , Silver Daniel J. , Li Cathy , Bayik Defne , Watson Dionysios C. , Lauko Adam , Kay Kristen E. , Wang Sabrina Z. , Johnson Sadie , McGraw Mary , Grabowski Matthew M. , Kish Danielle D. , Desai Amar B. , Goodman Wendy A. , Cameron Scott J. , Okada Hideho , Valujskikh Anna , Fairchild Robert L. , Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Lathia Justin D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Sex differences in glioblastoma (GBM) incidence and outcome are well recognized, and emerging evidence suggests that these extend to genetic/epigenetic and cellular differences, including immune responses. However, the mechanisms driving immunologic sex differences are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that T cells play a critical role in driving GBM sex differences. Male mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth, with decreased frequency and increased exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Furthermore, a higher frequency of progenitor exhausted T cells was found in males, with improved responsiveness to anti–PD-1 treatment. Moreover, increased T-cell exhaustion was observed in male GBM patients. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer models indicated that T cell–mediated tumor control was predominantly regulated in a cell-intrinsic manner, partially mediated by the X chromosome inactivation escape gene Kdm6a. These findings demonstrate that sex-biased predetermined behavior of T cells is critical for inducing sex differences in GBM progression and immunotherapy response.

Significance:
Immunotherapies in patients with GBM have been unsuccessful due to a variety of factors, including the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in GBM. This study demonstrates that sex-biased T-cell behaviors are predominantly intrinsically regulated, further suggesting sex-specific approaches can be leveraged to potentially improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM.
See related commentary by Alspach, p. 1966.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 1949
Supplementary Figure 8 from Metronomic administration of topotecan alone and in combination with docetaxel inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in aggressive variant prostate cancers
Authors: MITRA GHOSH TARASWI , Mazumder Suman , Davis Joshua , YADAV JYOTI , AKINPELU AYUBA , ALNAIM AHMED , KUMAR HARISH , WALIAGHA RAZAN , Church Bird Allison E , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Bird R. Curtis , Mistriotis Panagiotis , MISHRA AMARJIT , Yates Clayton C. , MITRA AMIT K , Arnold Robert D 
Published: June 2023

<p>Supplementary Fig. 8 shows Flow Cytometry; Prostate cancer cell lines stained with stemness markers (CD44, CD133 and CD44/133) to determine the percent of CD44+, CD133+ and double positive cells among PCa subtypes.
Treatments with CONV-TOPO, METRO-TOPO and CONV-DTX+METRO-TOPO reduced stemness. METRO-TOPO reduced CD44+ cells to a greater extent compared to CONV-TOPO and CONV-DTX treatments, whereas combination treatment with CONV-DTX+METRO-TOPO reduced stemness (CD44+ cells) the most in ARHigh/mCRPC/NEPC. A) PC-3M, B) DU145 cell lines.</p>
Mitochondrial GSNOR Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction via ANT1 Denitrosylation
Authors: Tang Xin , Zhao Shuang , Liu Jieqiong , Liu Xiameng , Sha Xinqi , Huang Changgao , Hu Lulu , Sun Shixiu , Gao Yuanqing , Chen Hongshan , Zhang Zhiren , Wang Dongjin , Gu Yuexi , Chen Shaoliang , Wang Liansheng , Gu Aihua , Chen Feng , Pu Jun , Chen Xin , Yu Bo , Xie Liping , Huang Zhengrong , Han Yi , Ji Yong 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
The cardiac-protective role of GSNOR (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase) in the cytoplasm, as a denitrosylase enzyme of S-nitrosylation, has been reported in cardiac remodeling, but whether GSNOR is localized in other organelles and exerts novel effects remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the effects of mitochondrial GSNOR, a novel subcellular localization of GSNOR, on cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF).

METHODS:
GSNOR subcellular localization was observed by cellular fractionation assay, immunofluorescent staining, and colloidal gold particle staining. Overexpression of GSNOR in mitochondria was achieved by mitochondria-targeting sequence-directed adeno-associated virus 9. Cardiac-specific knockout of GSNOR mice was used to examine the role of GSNOR in HF. S-nitrosylation sites of ANT1 (adenine nucleotide translocase 1) were identified using biotin-switch and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS:
GSNOR expression was suppressed in cardiac tissues of patients with HF. Consistently, cardiac-specific knockout mice showed aggravated pathological remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction. We found that GSNOR is also localized in mitochondria. In the angiotensin II–induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial GSNOR levels significantly decreased along with mitochondrial functional impairment. Restoration of mitochondrial GSNOR levels in cardiac-specific knockout mice significantly improved mitochondrial function and cardiac performance in transverse aortic constriction–induced HF mice. Mechanistically, we identified ANT1 as a direct target of GSNOR. A decrease in mitochondrial GSNOR under HF leads to an elevation of S-nitrosylation ANT1 at cysteine 160 (C160). In accordance with these findings, overexpression of either mitochondrial GSNOR or ANT1 C160A, non-nitrosylated mutant, significantly improved mitochondrial function, maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulated mitophagy.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified a novel species of GSNOR localized in mitochondria and found mitochondrial GSNOR plays an essential role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through ANT1 denitrosylation, which provides a potential novel therapeutic target for HF.
NGAL is a Novel Target in Hypertension by Modulating the NCC-Mediated Renal Na Balance
Authors: Bonnard Benjamin , El Moghrabi Soumaya , Ueda Kohei , Lattenist Lionel , Soulie Matthieu , López-Andrés Natalia , Xhaard Constance , Shimosawa Tatsuo , Rossignol Patrick , Jaisser Frédéric 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
The expression of NGAL/lcn2 (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is directly modulated by mineralocorticoid receptor activation but its role in blood pressure control is unclear.

METHODS:
a potential relationship between NGAL plasma levels, systolic blood pressure and urinary Na excretion was assessed in the STANISLAS cohort. The specific role of NGAL/lcn2 in salt-sensitive hypertension was studied using lcn2-knockout mice (lcn2 KO) fed with low-Na diet (0Na).

RESULTS:
we show that NGAL plasma levels positively correlate with systolic blood pressure, whereas they negatively correlate with urinary Na excretion in subjects of the STANISLAS cohort. Prolonged feeding of lcn2 KO mice with a 0Na diet induced lower systolic blood pressure than that of the control group (wildtype), suggesting a role for NGAL/lcn2 in Na-balance homeostasis. Short-term or prolonged 0Na increased Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) phosphorylation in the cortex of wildtype mice, which was prevented in lcn2 KO mice. Recombinant mouse lcn2 injections in lcn2 KO mice induced NCC phosphorylation in the kidney cortex, associated with decreased urinary Na excretion. Ex vivo experiments using kidney slices from lcn2 KO mice showed increased NCC phosphorylation by recombinant murine lcn2. In addition, recombinant murine lcn2 induced activation of CamK2β (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II β subunit) phosphorylation in lcn2 KO mice and in kidney slices, providing an underlying mechanism involved in lcn2-induced NCC phosphorylation. Indeed, the inhibition of CamK2β prevented NCC phosphorylation induced by recombinant lcn2 in kidney slices.

CONCLUSIONS:
we highlight a novel role of NGAL/lcn2 as a modulator of the activity of the renal sodium transporter NCC affecting salt-sensitive blood pressure
Computer-Aided Composition Using a Sound-Based Notation
Authors: Sköld Mattias 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article describes the music data format of the recently introduced Sound Notation system, and how it makes possible computer-aided composition of scores representing sound-based music. The Sound Notation system is an adaptation of Lasse Thoresen's spectromorphological analysis notation, developed for composition and analysis. A detailed description of the data format is followed by two examples of its application in a computer-aided composition process resulting in the sounding interpretation of two score excerpts of an electroacoustic composition. Generating sound structures as symbolic notation data in this way provided possibilities for the creation of sound-based music otherwise limited to works of traditional notation.
Protestant Hermeneutics and the Persistence of Moral Meanings in Early Modern Natural Histories
Authors: Blank Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Peter Harrison explains the disappearance of symbolic meanings of animals from seventeenth-century works in natural history through what he calls the “literalist mentality of the reformers.” By contrast, the present article argues in favor of a different understanding of the connection between hermeneutics and Protestant natural history. Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon, Johannes Brenz, Johannes Oecolampadius, and Jean Calvin continued to assign moral meanings to natural particulars, and moral interpretations can still be found in the writings of Protestant naturalists such as Conrad Gesner, Caspar Heldelinus, Jeremias Wilde, Thomas Penny, and Thomas Moffett. If there are differences between Protestant and Catholic interpretations of animals, then these differences derive from the reformer’s greater insistence on providing textual support for assigning symbolic meanings, their resulting greater reluctance in assigning prophetic meanings to animals, and their elimination of spiritual interpretations of animals that are in tension with central tenets of Protestant theology. These differences in hermeneutics and theology may explain some of the divergences between the symbolic interpretations of animals proposed by Protestant natural historians and their Catholic colleague, Ulisse Aldrovandi.
Impetus aestheticus. Baumgarten on Physics and Aesthetics
Authors: Nannini Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this essay, I analyze the role of physics in Baumgarten’s founding of aesthetics. After examining for the first time his courses on physics and their relationship with aesthetics, I explore the importance of physical metaphors in the issues of aesthetic experiments and aesthetic enthusiasm, with special regard to the influence of Bacon, Boyle, and Leibniz’s doctrine of vis viva.
Atmospheric Response to Antarctic Sea-Ice Reductions Drives Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance Increases
Authors: Trusel Luke D. , Kromer Jessica D. , Datta Rajashree Tri 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet is intricately linked to the state of the surrounding atmosphere and ocean. As a direct result, improving projections of future sea level change requires understanding change in the Antarctic atmosphere and Southern Ocean, and the processes that couple these systems. Here, we examine the influence of sea ice cover on the overlying atmosphere and subsequently the surface mass balance (SMB) of the adjacent Antarctic ice sheet. We investigate these processes both over the observational era using the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis and in ensemble simulations of the Community Earth System Model 2.1 (CESM2) where only sea ice coverage is altered. Comparing extreme high and low sea ice over the satellite era in ERA5 reveals atmospheric and ice sheet SMB anomalies that largely mirror anomalies simulated by CESM2 in response to sea ice loss. Results highlight significant near-surface atmospheric warming in response to sea ice reductions that are particularly pronounced in nonsummer seasons and driven by significant ocean-to-atmosphere turbulent heat fluxes. In areas of sea ice loss, significant ocean surface evaporation increases occur. On the eastern flank of climatological low pressure systems, moisture is readily advected toward the ice sheet, driving positive anomalies in the ice sheet SMB. These results indicate that underestimation of Antarctic sea ice, which is common in many current-generation coupled climate models, may lead to overestimation of the ice sheet SMB and therefore underestimation of Antarctica’s contributions to global sea level.

Significance Statement
The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest potential source of global sea level rise. Its sea level contributions depend in part on how much snow accumulates across its surface. Through observation-incorporating reanalysis data and climate model sensitivity studies, we find that Southern Ocean sea ice coverage exerts an important influence on the near-surface climate and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. Our results show that reductions in Antarctic sea ice promote enhanced ocean surface evaporation and subsequent increases in snowfall across the Antarctic ice sheet. Because current climate models tend to simulate too little Antarctic sea ice, we conclude they may therefore overestimate Antarctic ice sheet snowfall, leading to underprediction of future sea level rise.
Effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on dysfunctional coronary circulation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhou Langping , Hu Xiangming , Zhang Haotian , Lu Haoyu , Lin Yan , Wang Weimian , Yu Bingyan , Liang Wensheng , Zhou Yingling , Li Guang , Dong Haojian 
Published: June 2023

Objective Evidence of therapy for dysfunctional coronary circulation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is limited. This study was performed to compare the effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on dysfunctional coronary circulation. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 597 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI in 3 centers from June 2016 to December 2019. Dysfunctional coronary circulation was defined by the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade and the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of different statin types on dysfunctional coronary circulation. Results The incidence of TIMI no/slow reflow did not differ between the two groups, but the incidence of TMPG no/slow reflow was significantly lower in the atorvastatin than rosuvastatin group (44.58% vs. 57.69%, respectively). After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of rosuvastatin was 1.72 (1.17–2.52) for after pretreatment TMPG no/slow reflow and 1.73 (1.16–2.58) for after stenting TMPG no/slow reflow. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin showed no significant differences in clinical outcomes during hospitalization. Conclusions Compared with rosuvastatin, atorvastatin was associated with better coronary microcirculatory perfusion in patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI.
Cost-related prescription non-adherence and patient-reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance program
Authors: Minhas Deeba , Marder Wendy , Hassett Afton L , Zick Suzanna M , Gordon Caroline , Harlow Sioban D , Wang Lu , Barbour Kamil E , Helmick Charles G , McCune W Joseph , Somers Emily C 
Published: June 2023

Objectives Medication access and adherence play key roles in determining patient outcomes. We investigated whether cost-related non-adherence (CRNA) to prescription medications was associated with worse patient-reported outcomes in a population-based systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort. Methods Sociodemographic and prescription data were collected by structured interviews in 2014–2015 from patients meeting SLE criteria in the established Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Cohort. We examined the associations between CRNA and potential confounders such as sociodemographics and health insurance coverage, and outcome measures of SLE activity and damage using multivariable linear regression. Results 462 SLE participants completed the study visit: 430 (93.1%) female, 208 (45%) Black, and mean age 53.3 years. 100 (21.6%) participants with SLE reported CRNA in the preceding 12 months. After adjusting for covariates, CRNA was associated with both higher levels of current SLE disease activity [SLAQ: β coeff 2.7 (95% CI 1.3, 4.1), p < 0.001] and damage [LDIQ β coeff 1.4 (95% CI 0.5, 2.4), p = 0.003]. Race, health insurance status, and fulfilling Fibromyalgia (FM) Survey Criteria were independently associated with both higher (worse) SLAQ and LDIQ scores; female sex was further associated with higher SLAQ scores. Conclusion Patients with SLE who reported CRNA in the previous 12 months had significantly worse self-reported current disease activity and damage scores compared to those not reporting CRNA. Raising awareness and addressing barriers or concerns related to financial implications and accessibility issues in care plans may help to improve these outcomes.
Training and specialisation of psychiatrists in ADHD
Authors: Ryan Margaret 
Published: June 2023

Objective To identify the level of training of Australian psychiatrists in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and to compare the number of psychiatrists specialising in ADHD versus other psychiatric conditions on the basis of the prevalence of conditions, by interrogating the RANZCP ‘Find a Psychiatrist’ database. Conclusion Fewer psychiatrists listed in the RANZCP database specialise in ADHD than in many other psychiatric conditions. Given that 5% of the Australian population suffers from ADHD, the condition can have significant adverse outcomes and is a common comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, the RANZCP Training Program would be improved by requiring an in-depth knowledge of ADHD. Further training in ADHD would assist many practising psychiatrists.
New Patients in Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Spain
Authors: Pulido Jose , Pastor-Moreno Guadalupe , Guerras Juan Miguel , Belza María José , Cáceres Ana , Cea-Soriano Lucía , Sordo Luis 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Patients seeking first time treatment for opioid consumption reflect the characteristics of the consumer population. This group has not been studied in Spain in decades. The objective of this study was to characterize the opioid user population seeking first time treatment (incidents) and compare them group with those with prior treatment (prevalents). Methods: Cross-sectional study (N = 3325) with patients with opioid addiction seeking care at public addiction centers in the Community of Madrid from 2017 through 2019. Differentiation and comparisons were carried out using bivariate analysis, adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics related and those related to substance use consumption in incident and prevalent patients. Results: About 12.2% were incidents. Compared to prevalents, there were more foreigners (34.1% vs 19.1% P < .001), but with a better social network. Regarding opioid use, incidents were less likely to use injection (10.7% compared to 16.8% P = .008), but had greater daily frequency (75.8% vs 52.2%, P < .001). The age of initial consumption was greater (27 years vs 21.3 years, ( P < .001)). About 15.5% of incidents sought care for non-heroin opioids, compared to 4.8% of prevalents ( P < .001). Women sought care at twice the rate of men (29.3% vs 12.3%; P > .001). Discussion: New patients presented a profile with many stable characteristics, but which highlighted an increase in the use of other opioids, as occurs in the international context. Surveillance of the new patient characteristics can serve as an early indicator of consumption changes in. Thus, periodic monitoring is important.
Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke with large core volume: An updated, post-TESLA systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized trials
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Adusumilli Gautam , Ghozy Sherief , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Albers Gregory W , Heit Jeremy J , Kallmes David F 
Published: June 2023

Background Limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed comparing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) to medical therapy (MEDT) for acute ischemic stroke with extensive baseline ischemic injury (AIS-EBI). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs reporting EVT for AIS-EBI. Methods Using the Nested Knowledge AutoLit software, we conducted a systematic literature review from inception to 12 February 2023 within Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Results of the TESLA trial were included on 10 June 2023. We included RCTs that compared EVT to MEDT for AIS with large ischemic core volume. The primary outcome of interest was a modified Rankin Score (mRS) 0-2. Secondary outcomes of interest included early neurological improvement (ENI), mRS 0-3, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b-3, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We included four RCTs with 1310 patients, 661 of whom underwent EVT and 649 of whom were treated with MEDT. EVT was associated with greater rates of mRS 0-2 (RR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.75–3.09; P-value < 0.001), mRS 0-3 (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.33–2.12; P-value < 0.001), and ENI (RR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.55–3.24; P-value < 0.001). Rates of sICH (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.07–3.69; P-value = 0.03) were greater in the EVT group. Mortality (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83–1.15; P-value = 0.79) was comparable between the EVT and MEDT groups. The rate of successful reperfusion in the EVT group was 79.9% (95% CI = 75.6–83.6). Conclusions Although the rate of sICH was greater in the EVT group, EVT conferred a greater clinical benefit to MEDT for AIS-EBI based on available RCTs.