bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denser and greener cities: Green interventions to achieve both urban density and nature
Authors: McDonald Robert I. , Aronson Myla F. J. , Beatley Timothy , Beller Erin , Bazo Micaela , Grossinger Robin , Jessup Kelsey , Mansur Andressa V. , Puppim de Oliveira José Antonio , Panlasigui Stephanie , Burg Joe , Pevzner Nicholas , Shanahan Danielle , Stoneburner Lauren , Rudd Andrew , Spotswood Erica 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Green spaces in urban areas—like remnant habitat, parks, constructed wetlands, and street trees—supply multiple benefits.

Many studies show green spaces in and near urban areas play important roles harbouring biodiversity and promoting human well‐being. On the other hand, evidence suggests that greater human population density enables compact, low‐carbon cities that spare habitat conversion at the fringes of expanding urban areas, while also allowing more walkable and livable cities. How then can urban areas have abundant green spaces as well as density?

In this paper, we review the empirical evidence for the relationships between urban density, nature, and sustainability. We also present a quantitative analysis of data on urban tree canopy cover and open space for United States large urbanized areas, as well as an analysis of non‐US Functional Urban Areas in OECD countries.

We found that there is a negative correlation between population density and these green spaces. For Functional Urban Areas in the OECD, a 10% increase in density is associated with a 2.9% decline in tree cover. We argue that there are competing trade‐offs between the benefits of density for sustainability and the benefits of nature for human well‐being. Planners must decide an appropriate density by choosing where to be on this trade‐off curve, taking into account city‐specific urban planning goals and context.

However, while the negative correlation between population density and tree cover is modest at the level of US urbanized areas (R2 = 0.22), it is weak at the US Census block level (R2 = 0.05), showing that there are significant brightspots, neighbourhoods that manage to have more tree canopy than would be expected based upon their level of density. We then describe techniques for how urban planners and designers can create more brightspots, identifying a typology of urban forms and listing green interventions appropriate for each form. We also analyse policies that enable these green interventions illustrating them with the case studies of Curitiba and Singapore.

We conclude that while there are tensions between density and urban green spaces, an urban world that is both green and dense is possible, if society chooses to take advantage of the available green interventions and create it.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
An acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell‐based preclinical assay revealed functional differences between commercial brands of L‐asparaginase administered in Colombia
Authors: Rincón Reyes Diego Fernando , Padilla Agudelo José Luis , Pinilla da Silva Andrea Isabel , Ortega Quintero Diana Marcela , Valencia Libreros Diana Lorena , Contreras Acosta Agustín Darío , Gutiérrez Triana José Arturo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundL‐asparaginase (L‐ASNase) is an essential component of chemotherapy strategies due to its differential action between normal and leukemic cells. Recently, concerns about the efficiency of commercial formulations administered in developing countries have been reported, and available methods have limitations for directly determining the quality of the formulation of the medications.ProcedureWe developed a cell‐based protocol to analyze the activity of different L‐ASNase formulations used in Colombia to induce apoptosis of the NALM‐6 cell line after 24, 48, and 72 hours, using flow cytometry. Then we compared results and determined the statistically significant differences.ResultsThree statistically different groups, ranging from full to no activity against leukemic cells, using 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 IU/ml concentrations, were identified. Group 1 (asparaginase codified [ASA]2–4) exhibited very low to no activity against B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) cells. Group 2 (ASA6) exhibited intermediate‐level activity, and group 3 (ASA1 and ASA5) exhibited high activity.ConclusionsDifferences found between the therapeutic formulations of L‐ASNase distributed in Colombia raise concerns about the quality of the treatment administered to patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Therefore, we recommend a preclinical evaluation of formulations of L‐ASNase in order to prevent therapeutical impacts on the outcome of ALL patients.
Extinction Imaging Diagnostics for In Situ Quantification of Soot within Explosively Generated Fireballs
Authors: Saltzman Ashley J. , Brown Alex D. , Wan Kevin , Manin Julien L. , Pickett Lyle M. , Welliver Marc C. , Guildenbecher Daniel R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFireballs produced from the detonation of high explosives often contain particulates primarily composed of various phases of carbon soot. The transport and concentration of these particulates is of interest for model validation and emission characterization. This work proposes ultra‐high‐speed imaging techniques to observe a fireball's structure and optical depth. An extinction‐based diagnostic applied at two wavelengths indicates that extinction scales inversely with wavelength, consistent with particles in the Rayleigh limit and dimensionless extinction coefficients which are independent of wavelength. Within current confidence bounds, the extinction‐derived soot mass concentrations agree with expectations based upon literature reported soot yields. Results also identify areas of high uncertainty where additional work is recommended.
A humanized anti‐cocaine mAb antagonizes the cardiovascular effects of cocaine in rats
Authors: Koch Sheryl E. , Marckel Jordan A. , Rubinstein Jack , Norman Andrew B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recombinant monoclonal anti‐cocaine antibody, h2E2, sequesters cocaine in plasma increasing concentrations more than 10‐fold. The increased levels of cocaine in the plasma could have detrimental peripheral effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system. We investigated the duration and magnitude of the effect of cocaine on the rat heart, and if h2E2 could antagonize that effect. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function under isoflurane anesthesia, while a tail‐cuff was used to measure blood pressure. Cocaine was delivered intravenously and the rats were continuously monitored for a total of 45 min. Echocardiography measurements were recorded every 5 min and blood pressure measurements were recorded throughout the duration of the experiment using 30‐s cycles. ECG recordings were taken simultaneously with the echocardiography measurements. An increase in ejection fraction was seen after the cocaine push with the maximum change occurring at 25 min. Treatment with h2E2 1 h before the cocaine push did not have any effect on cardiac parameters. Subsequent cocaine treatment had no effect on the ejection fraction, indicating that the antibody‐bound cocaine does not affect the heart. This antagonism of cocaine's effects was greatly decreased after 1 week and entirely absent after 1 month. Cocaine in the presence of h2E2 is pharmacologically inert and h2E2 may have additional clinical utility for reversing cocaine effects on the cardiovascular system.
Punching shear behavior of flat slabs supported by elongated columns with openings
Authors: Kormošová Ľudmila , Halvonik Jaroslav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present paper deals with the punching shear behavior of flat slabs with openings adjacent to the elongated column. The results of an experimental program that included testing six full‐scale slabs with a thickness of 200 mm, without transverse reinforcement tested under axis‐symmetric conditions, are discussed. One reference slab specimen without openings and five slabs with various arrangements of two openings with the same dimensions were tested until their failure. The results obtained were compared to punching resistances assessed using design equations introduced in current Eurocode 2, ACI 318‐19 and in the second generation of Eurocode 2, and to the original CSCT model developed by Muttoni. The tests confirmed the concentration of shear stresses at column edges and premature punching failure. Significant differences on the model's safety level were observed in different positions of the openings and in each design model. Best results were achieved with models in which the reduction of control perimeter length was based on the parallel projection of the openings.
Performance evaluation of jute fiber‐reinforced recycled aggregate concrete: Strength and durability aspects
Authors: Jamil Kamran , Shabbir Faisal , Raza Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNowadays, recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) are playing a major role in sustainable construction as compared to natural coarse aggregates (NCA). Researchers use fibers and cementitious materials to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Nowadays, RCA are playing a major role in a sustainable environment as compared to NCA. This article examines the combined effect of jute fiber (JF) and RCA on the durability and mechanical properties of concrete. A total of 15 concrete mixes are prepared, in which three categories of concrete mixes are prepared by utilizing 100%RCA, 50%RCA, and 0%RCA and in each mix, 0.60%, 0.45%, 0.30%, 0.15%, and 0% of JF by volume of concrete are used. Mechanical properties of concrete are analyzed by flexural strength, split tensile strength, and compressive strength tests whereas durability properties of concrete are analyzed by sorptivity coefficient, porosity, and chloride penetration tests. The experimental results depict that smaller dosages of JF (0.15%) have a positive effect on the mechanical properties of concrete with RCA whereas greater dosages of JF (≥0.30%) have an adverse effect on mechanical concrete properties with RCA. The mechanical properties are increased by more than 4% in the case of a lower percentage of JF. The durability of concrete shows a negative impact on concrete with the increasing percentages of RCA and JF in all types of the mix. The durability of concrete is more affected in the case of higher dosages of JF.
Understanding the enhanced reactivity of strained intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Portela Susana , Fernández Israel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe poorly understood factors controlling the enhanced reactivity of strained intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) having a rigid biphenylene tether have been quantitatively explored in detail by means of computational methods. With the help of the activation strain model of reactivity and the energy decomposition analysis methods, the challenging allene activation reaction has been selected and compared to the analogous process mediated by a related intramolecular FLP having a more flexible tether, which is significantly less reactive. In addition, the influence of the nature of the Lewis acid atom on the reactivity of the strained FLP has been considered as well showing that the reactivity steadily decreases when going down in group 13.
Multiparameter single-cell proteomic technologies give new insights into the biology of ovarian tumors
Authors: Funingana Ionut-Gabriel , Bedia Jacob S. , Huang Ying-Wen , Delgado Gonzalez Antonio , Donoso Kenyi , Gonzalez Veronica D. , Brenton James D. , Ashworth Alan , Fantl Wendy J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Its diagnosis at advanced stage compounded with its excessive genomic and cellular heterogeneity make curative treatment challenging. Two critical therapeutic challenges to overcome are carboplatin resistance and lack of response to immunotherapy. Carboplatin resistance results from diverse cell autonomous mechanisms which operate in different combinations within and across tumors. The lack of response to immunotherapy is highly likely to be related to an immunosuppressive HGSOC tumor microenvironment which overrides any clinical benefit. Results from a number of studies, mainly using transcriptomics, indicate that the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) plays a role in carboplatin response. However, in patients receiving treatment, the exact mechanistic details are unclear. During the past decade, multiplex single-cell proteomic technologies have come to the forefront of biomedical research. Mass cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight, measures up to 60 parameters in single cells that are in suspension. Multiplex cellular imaging technologies allow simultaneous measurement of up to 60 proteins in single cells with spatial resolution and interrogation of cell–cell interactions. This review suggests that functional interplay between cell autonomous responses to carboplatin and the HGSOC immune tumor microenvironment could be clarified through the application of multiplex single-cell proteomic technologies. We conclude that for better clinical care, multiplex single-cell proteomic technologies could be an integral component of multimodal biomarker development that also includes genomics and radiomics. Collection of matched samples from patients before and on treatment will be critical to the success of these efforts.
Endoscope-assisted resection of a Samii type B jugular foramen schwannoma
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xu Hao , Hua Wei , Zhu Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Tumors involving the jugular foramen region are challenging for surgical resection. With the development of endoscope in the past decade, surgical approaches assisted by endoscope have been widely emerged in the treatment of skull base tumors.

Methods
Herein, we report a case of jugular foramen schwannoma (Samii type B). Surgical resection was applied via a suboccipital retrosigmoidal craniotomy using surgical microscope assisted by endoscope. Gross total resection was achieved. And the patient recovered without obvious neurological deficits.

Conclusions
Samii type B schwannomas involving the jugular foramen is approachable by endoscope-assisted surgery.
Volatile interactions between specific undamaged barley cultivars affect aphid feeding behavior and performance
Authors: Kheam Sokha , Markovic Dimitrije , Rubene Diana , Ith Saveng , Ninkovic Velemir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that cultivar mixtures can reduce aphid plant acceptance and population development. It is still unknown as to which underlying mechanisms may contribute to this phenomenon. We investigated the effects of volatile interactions between undamaged barley cultivars on aphid feeding behavior and performance in the laboratory. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Salome was exposed to volatiles from Fairytale (SeF), Anakin (SeA), or clean air (Se0). We used an electrical penetration graph to test the effect of exposure to neighbor volatiles on the feeding behavior and performance of bird cherry-oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). We also assessed aphid relative growth rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and development time on exposed and unexposed Salome plants. Aphids spent significantly longer time on epidermis and mesophyll plant tissues on SeF than Se0, and no difference was observed between SeA and Se0. Significant decreases in the duration of phloem ingestion and phloem sustained ingestion were recorded in SeF showing that volatile-induced effects cause difficulty for aphids to feed. However, no differences in these variables were detected between SeA and Se0. We also observed reduced aphid relative growth rate and intrinsic rate of increase on SeF compared to Se0 and SeA. Our study demonstrated that, in a specific combination, exposure of one barley cultivar to volatiles from another one can change aphid feeding behavior and performance, probably due to changes in host plant properties/quality. Our results provide an insightful explanation of mechanisms responsible for the reduced aphid population development previously observed in the field.
The discursive resilience of university rankings
Authors: Hamann Julian , Ringel Leopold 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIf there is one thing all university rankings have in common, it is that they are the target of widespread criticism. This article takes the many challenges university rankings are facing as its point of departure and asks how they navigate their hostile environment. The analysis proceeds in three steps. First, we unveil two modes of ranking critique, one drawing attention to negative effects, the other to methodological shortcomings. Second, we explore how rankers respond to these challenges, showing that they either deflect criticism with a variety of defensive responses or that they respond confidently by drawing attention to the strengths of university rankings. In the last step, we examine mutual engagements between rankers and critics that are based on the entwinement of methodological critique and confident responses. While the way rankers respond to criticism generally explains how rankings continue to flourish, it is precisely the ongoing conversation with critics that facilitates what we coin the discursive resilience of university rankings. The prevalence of university rankings is, in other words, a product of the mutual discursive work of their proponents and opponents.
Invasive Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii) negatively affects spawning but accelerates larval growth of the endangered natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita)
Authors: van der Loop Janneke M. M. , van Veenhuisen Laura S. , van de Loo Martijn , Vogels Joost J. , van Kleef Hein H. , Leuven Rob S. E. W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe invasiveCrassula helmsiiis rapidly expanding in Europe. Several ecological effects are described, most of which focus on ecosystem functioning and native vegetation but rarely on fauna. In North-western Europe,C. helmsiioften invades the breeding habitat of endangered amphibians, such asEpidalea calamita.The spawning rate, egg survival and the speed of larval growth of this toad species in relation to the presence ofC. helmsiiwere studied. In order to unravel causal mechanisms, effects on natterjack toads were related to the effects ofC. helmsiipresence/absence on temperature and chemical properties of the water.Spawning and egg survival were significantly lower underC.helmsiidominance compared to bare soil conditions, and negatively affected the population size ofE. calamita. However, larval growth rate was significantly higher inC. helmsiidominated treatments, which could be beneficial. Differences in water temperature and chemistry were a possible explanation for these effects. It remains unclear whether the population viability ofE. calamitais negatively affected whenC. helmsiiis present. In many areas, however, this plant species completely overgrows and causes desiccation of waterbodies. Therefore, appropriate management measures will be required to protect this toad against this invader.
Macroinvertebrate community structure and ecological status in Portuguese streams across climatic and water scarcity gradients
Authors: Santos Joana Isabel , Silva Carlos , Gonçalves Fernando J. M. , Pereira Joana Luísa , Castro Bruno Branco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimatic and hydrological variation is of utmost importance in regions of the globe facing water scarcity and river intermittency (e.g. areas under Mediterranean influence). The main aim of this study was to compare the macroinvertebrate community structure and its bioindicator value (i.e. waterbody ecological status) in streams from three Portuguese regions (Regions C, N and S), representing distinct climatic features and water availability scenarios. Results showed that, overall, sampling sites differed in their climatic, hydromorphological and physical and chemical features, and environmental (abiotic) and ecological (community dissimilarities) gradients among regions were clearly identified. Sites from Regions C (wettest) and S (driest) represented non-overlapping clusters of samples, both in terms of their environmental context and ecological (dis)similarity; sites from Region N occupied an intermediate position, and their macroinvertebrate community was highly variable locally. This coincided with overall higher ecological quality and uniformity in Region C, whereas Regions N and S were more heterogeneous and generally presented lower ecological quality. Our data showed that climate (and associated water scarcity) is coupled with other environmental drivers of the macroinvertebrate community structure, highlighting a shared influence of the three environmental components (climatic, hydromorphological, and physical and chemical) in the modulation of macroinvertebrate communities.
Learning sparse nonlinear dynamics via mixed-integer optimization
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Gurnee Wes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiscovering governing equations of complex dynamical systems directly from data is a central problem in scientific machine learning. In recent years, the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) framework, powered by heuristic sparse regression methods, has become a dominant tool for learning parsimonious models. We propose an exact formulation of the SINDy problem using mixed-integer optimization (MIO-SINDy) to solve the sparsity constrained regression problem to provable optimality in seconds. On a large number of canonical ordinary and partial differential equations, we illustrate the dramatic improvement in our approach in accurate model discovery while being more sample efficient, robust to noise, and flexible in accommodating physical constraints.
Scandium, yttrium, and lanthanide occurrence in Cantharellus cibarius and C. minor mushrooms
Authors: Mędyk Małgorzata , Falandysz Jerzy , Nnorom Innocent Chidi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is a dearth of data on rare earth elements (REE), yttrium and scandium in foods which extends also to baseline datasets for edible wild mushrooms, though this has started to change in the last decade. Concentrations and shale normalized patterns of REE and Y (REY) were studied by using inductively coupled plasma–quadrupole mass spectrometer in 22 pools (2235 specimens) ofCantharellus cibarius(Golden Chanterelle) collected in Poland and also a pool ofC. minor(Small Chanterelle) (153 specimens) from Yunnan (Chinese Province). The total REY plus Sc varied inC. cibariusfrom 10 to 593 µg kg−1dw whereas that for the Yunnan’sC. minorwas 2072 µg kg−1dw.C. minorfrom Yunnan has higher REY and Sc compared to theC. cibarius. Sc concentrations in twentyC. cibariuspools were below 1 µg kg−1dw, but 17 and 27 µg kg−1dw were detected at the other two sites and 66 µg kg−1dw was detected inC. minor. The median Y content ofC. cibariusandC. minorwas 22 µg kg−1dw and 200 µg kg−1dw. The difference in REY and Sc concentrations and shale normalized patterns between mushrooms from Poland and Yunnan seems to reflect the regional difference in concentration and composition of these elements in the soil bedrock.