bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of Pulmonary Endarterectomy on Right Ventricular Stiffness and Fibrosis in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Braams Natalia J. , Kianzad Azar , van Wezenbeek Jessie , Wessels Jeroen N. , Jansen Samara M.A. , Andersen Stine , Boonstra Anco , Nossent Esther J. , Marcus J. Tim , Bayoumy Ahmed A. , Becher Clarissa , Goumans Marie-José , Andersen Asger , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , de Man Frances S. , Bogaard Harm Jan , Meijboom Lilian J. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Surgical removal of thromboembolic material by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) leads within months to the improvement of right ventricular (RV) function in the majority of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, RV mass does not always normalize. It is unknown whether incomplete reversal of RV remodeling results from extracellular matrix expansion (diffuse interstitial fibrosis) or cellular hypertrophy, and whether residual RV remodeling relates to altered diastolic function.

METHODS:
We prospectively included 25 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension treated with PEA. Structured follow-up measurements were performed before, and 6 and 18 months after PEA. With single beat pressure-volume loop analyses, we determined RV end-systolic elastance (Ees), arterial elastance (Ea), RV–arterial coupling (Ees/Ea), and RV end-diastolic elastance (stiffness, Eed). The extracellular volume fraction of the RV free wall was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and used to separate the myocardium into cellular and matrix volume. Circulating collagen biomarkers were analyzed to determine the contribution of collagen metabolism.

RESULTS:

RV mass significantly decreased from 43±15 to 27±11g/m
2
(−15.9 g/m
2
[95% CI, −21.4 to –10.5];
P
<0.0001) 6 months after PEA but did not normalize (28±9 versus 22±6 g/m
2
in healthy controls [95% CI, 2.1 to 9.8];
P
<0.01). On the contrary, Eed normalized after PEA. Extracellular volume fraction in the right ventricular free wall increased after PEA from 31.0±3.8 to 33.6±3.5% (3.6% [95% CI, 1.2–6.1];
P
=0.013) as a result of a larger reduction in cellular volume than in matrix volume (
P
interaction
=0.0013). Levels of MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1), and TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) were elevated at baseline and remained elevated post-PEA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although cellular hypertrophy regresses and diastolic stiffness normalizes after PEA, a relative increase in extracellular volume remains. Incomplete regression of diffuse RV interstitial fibrosis after PEA is accompanied by elevated levels of circulating collagen biomarkers, suggestive of active collagen turnover.
Hemodynamic Determinants of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension in the Middle to Older-Age UK Population: A UK Biobank Imaging Study
Authors: Li Ye , Chan Emily , Puyol-Antón Esther , Ruijsink Bram , Cecelja Marina , King Andrew P. , Razavi Reza , Chowienczyk Phil 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Increased systemic vascular resistance and, in older people, reduced aortic distensibility, are thought to be the hemodynamic determinants of primary hypertension but cardiac output could also be important. We examined the hemodynamics of elevated blood pressure and hypertension in the middle to older-aged UK population participating in the UK Biobank imaging studies.

METHODS:
Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and aortic distensibility were measured from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 31 112 (distensibility in 21 178) participants (46.3% male, mean age±SD 63±7 years). Body composition including visceral adipose tissue volume and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume were measured in 19 645 participants.

RESULTS:
Participants with higher blood pressure had higher cardiac output (higher by 17.9±26.6% in hypertensive compared with those with optimal blood pressure) and higher systemic vascular resistance (higher by 11.4±27.9% in hypertensive compared with those with optimal blood pressure). These differences were little changed after adjustment for body size and adiposity. The contribution of cardiac output relative to systemic vascular resistance was more marked in younger compared with older subjects. Aortic distensibility decreased with age and was lower in participants with higher compared with lower blood pressure but with a greater difference in younger compared with older subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the middle to older-aged UK population, cardiac output plays an important role in contributing to elevated mean arterial blood pressure, particularly in younger compared with older subjects. Reduced aortic distensibility contributes to a rise in pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure at all ages.
Neuromodulation of the Left Inferior Frontal Cortex Affects Social Monitoring during Motor Interactions
Authors: Sacheli Lucia Maria , Diana Lorenzo , Ravani Alessia , Beretta Serena , Bolognini Nadia , Paulesu Eraldo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Motor interactions require observing and monitoring a partner's performance as the interaction unfolds. Studies in monkeys suggest that this form of social monitoring might be mediated by the activity of the ventral premotor cortex (vPMc), a critical brain region in action observation and motor planning. Our previous fMRI studies in humans showed that the left vPMc is indeed recruited during social monitoring, but its causal role is unexplored. In three experiments, we applied online anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left lateral frontal cortex during a music-like interactive task to test the hypothesis that neuromodulation of the left vPMc affects participants' performance when a partner violates the agent's expectations. Participants played short musical sequences together with a virtual partner by playing one note each in turn-taking. In 50% of the trials, the partner violated the participant's expectations by generating the correct note through an unexpected movement. During sham stimulation, the partner's unexpected behavior led to a slowdown in the participant's performance (observation-induced posterror slowing). A significant interaction with the stimulation type showed that cathodal and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation induced modulation of the observation-induced posterror slowing in opposite directions by reducing or enhancing it, respectively. Cathodal stimulation significantly reduced the effect compared to sham stimulation. No effect of neuromodulation was found when the partner behaved as expected or when the observed violation occurred within a context that was perceptually matched but noninteractive in nature. These results provide evidence for the critical causal role that the left vPMc might play in social monitoring during motor interactions, possibly through the interplay with other brain regions in the posterior medial frontal cortex.
Minor Changes Change Memories: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Behavioral Reflections of Episodic Prediction Errors
Authors: Siestrup Sophie , Schubotz Ricarda I. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Episodic memories can be modified, a process that is potentially driven by mnemonic prediction errors. In the present study, we used modified cues to induce prediction errors of different episodic relevance. Participants encoded episodes in the form of short toy stories and then returned for an fMRI session on the subsequent day. Here, participants were presented either original episodes or slightly modified versions thereof. Modifications consisted of replacing a single object within the episode and either challenged the gist of an episode (gist modifications) or left it intact (surface modifications). On the next day, participants completed a post-fMRI memory test that probed memories for originally encoded episodes. Both types of modifications triggered brain activation in regions we previously found to be involved in the processing of content-based mnemonic prediction errors (i.e., the exchange of an object). Specifically, these were ventrolateral pFC, intraparietal cortex, and lateral occipitotemporal cortex. In addition, gist modifications triggered pronounced brain responses, whereas those for surface modification were only significant in the right inferior frontal sulcus. Processing of gist modifications also involved the posterior temporal cortex and the precuneus. Interestingly, our findings confirmed the posterior hippocampal role of detail processing in episodic memory, as evidenced by increased posterior hippocampal activity for surface modifications compared with gist modifications. In the post-fMRI memory test, previous experience with surface modified, but not gist-modified episodes, increased erroneous acceptance of the same modified versions as originally encoded. Whereas surface-level prediction errors might increase uncertainty and facilitate confusion of alternative episode representations, gist-level prediction errors seem to trigger the clear distinction of independent episodes.
Neuroanatomical and Functional Dissociations between Variably Present Anterior Lateral Prefrontal Sulci
Authors: Willbrand Ethan H. , Bunge Silvia A. , Weiner Kevin S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is an evolutionarily expanded region in humans that is critical for numerous complex functions, many of which are largely hominoid specific. Although recent work shows that the presence or absence of specific sulci in anterior LPFC is associated with cognitive performance across age groups, it is unknown whether the presence of these structures relates to individual differences in the functional organization of LPFC. To fill this gap in knowledge, we leveraged multimodal neuroimaging data from two samples encompassing 82 young adult humans (aged 22–36 years) and show that the dorsal and ventral components of the paraintermediate frontal sulcus, or pimfs, present distinct morphological (surface area), architectural (thickness and myelination), and functional (resting-state connectivity networks) properties. We further contextualize the pimfs components within classic and modern cortical parcellations. Taken together, the dorsal and ventral pimfs components mark transitions in LPFC anatomy and function, across metrics and parcellations. These results emphasize that the pimfs is a critical structure to consider when examining individual differences in the anatomical and functional organization of LPFC and suggest that future individual-level parcellations could benefit from incorporating sulcal anatomy when delineating LPFC cortical regions.
Absolutism and its Limits
Authors: Hawthorne John , Isaacs Yoaav , Littlejohn Clayton 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many philosophers think that given the choice between saving the life of an innocent person and averting any number of minor ailments or inconveniences, it would be better to save the life. How, then, should one compare the risk of an innocent person’s life to such minor ailments and inconveniences? If lives are infinitely more important than insignificant factors then any risk cannot be outweighed, and that is untenable. An alternative approach seems more promising: let the values of such insignificant factors be bounded, as then there will be well-behaved tradeoffs between insignificant things and the risk to an innocent life. We argue, however, that bounding the values of insignificant factors poses myriad problems.
The Work of a Dilettante or a Grand Amateur?
Authors: Richard Nathalie , Viraben Hadrien 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
From 1873 onwards, Scottish antiquarian James Miln (1819–1881) undertook an uninterrupted series of excavations in Carnac, for which he used his skills as a draughtsman and a photographer. The archives and printed sources conserving the traces of his activities thus contain an extensive array of images: sketches drawn in his excavation notebooks; watercolour landscapes; engraved illustrations for his books; models sculpted from his surveys of archaeological sites. Through this visual production, Miln embodied successive and overlaying types of amateurism, from a gentleman dilettante to a grand amateur, closely resembling a specialist while being able to establish working conditions comparable to those of the (few) contemporary professionals.
Bodies and Objects in the Hispanic Occupation of Tahiti
Authors: García Moscardó Ester 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the Spanish occupation of Tahiti (1772–1776), this text deals with the plan devised by Viceroy Manuel Amat to subdue the will of the islanders. My perspective takes the analysis into the realm of seduction, emphasising the key role of objects and bodies in the project. From a wide range of colonial sources, I address the specific forms taken by technologies of domination in particular contexts, the role played by the arrangement of bodies and objects in them, and the assumptions that made it possible to think of particular bodies as mouldable raw material in the Hispanic setting of the late 18th century.
Medical Masculinity and the Sensation of Suffering in Leonard Portal Mark’s Acromegaly (1912)
Authors: Palfreyman Harriet 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In 1912 physician Leonard Mark published a book titled Acromegaly: A Personal Experience. Within, he documented his life suffering from the titular condition which manifested in symptoms ranging from headaches to the hypertrophic enlargement of the head, hands and feet. As the condition began to affect Mark’s ability to perform his medical and artistic work his writing had to contend with his changing identity, body, and the problem of how to effectively explain the experience of his suffering. At the same time as the wider medical profession was becoming fixated on acromegaly as a disease defined almost wholly by its spectacular visible symptoms, Mark’s writing invited his reader to go beyond the merely visible and engage with his narrative on a multisensory level. What emerges in Acromegaly, and what this paper explores, is how Mark used contemporary ideas of medical masculinity, particularly in deconstructing them, to invite this sensorial engagement.
Comparison of the effect of uric acid/albumin ratio on coronary colleteral circulation with other inflammation-based markers in stable coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Toprak Kenan , Yılmaz Rüstem , Kaplangoray Mustafa , Memioğlu Tolga , İnanır Mehmet , Akyol Selahattin , Özen Kaya , Biçer Asuman , Demirbağ Recep 
Published: September 2023

Background The Uric acid/Albumin ratio (UAR) has recently been identified as a prominent marker in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effect of UAR on coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients by comparing it with conventional inflammation-based markers. Methods In this study, 415 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for stable angina pectoris and were found to have chronic total occlusion in at least one coronary artery were retrospectively included. The study population was divided into two groups as good CCC (Rentrop 2–3) and poor CCC (Rentrop 0–1) according to the Rentrop classification, and the groups were compared in terms of UAR and other traditional inflammation-based markers. Results In the poor CCC group, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and UAR were found to be significantly high ( p < .05, for all). UAR negatively correlated with rentrop classification (r = −0.383, p < .001). In multivariate regression analysis, MHR, NLR, SII and UAR were determined as independent predictors for poor CCC ( p < .05, for all). The ability of UAR to predict poor CCC was superior to uric acid and albumin alone ( p < .0001, for both). In addition, UAR was found to be superior to other inflammation-based markers in predicting poor CCC ( p < .005, for all). Conclusion UAR was identified as a strong and independent predictor of CCC. In this context, UAR may be a useful biomarker in the risk prediction of patients with stable CAD.
Contrast-enhanced mammography versus breast MRI in the assessment of multifocal and multicentric breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Hafez Mona Ahmed Fouad , Zeinhom Asmaa , Hamed Dina Abdallah Abbas , Ghaly Galal Rafik Mohamed , Tadros Sally Fouad Kamel 
Published: September 2023

Background Breast cancer multifocality and multicentricity diagnosis influences the surgeon's choice between applying breast conservative therapy or performing mastectomy. Purpose To assess the role of contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of preoperative breast cancer multifocality and multicentricity and to assess their accuracy, agreement and impact on the surgical management. Material and Methods The study retrospectively included cases over a 5-year period. After analysis and interpretation of suspicious breast lesions, a comparative evaluation of CEM and MRI was conducted with the assessment of diagnostic indices, including sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. The kappa (κ) measure of agreement between both modalities was measured. The postoperative specimen pathology was the reference standard. Results One hundred and twenty-two female cases with 126 breast lesions were evaluated. Specimen pathology, MRI and CEM showed a single neoplastic lesion in 67.5%, 35% and 48.5% of cases, respectively, and multiple neoplastic lesions in 32.5%, 65% and 51.6% of cases, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI were 95.12%, 49.41%,and 64.29%, and the CEM values were 85.37%, 64.71% and 71.43%, respectively. The κ value was 0.592 with an intermediate agreement between both modalities. When comparing between both modalities, enhancing foci showed a statistically significant difference, although there were no statistically significant difference in terms of high breast density or molecular subtype. Conclusion In terms of breast cancer multifocality and multicentricity evaluation, MRI showed a higher sensitivity, while CEM showed a higher specificity, and there was moderate agreement between the two modalities.
Development and validation of a survival nomogram in patients with primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhi Yongjin , Bao Shuojing , Mao Jingcheng , Chai Gufan , Liu Chengjiang , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: September 2023

Objective We developed and validated a nomogram for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) prediction in patients with primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL). Methods Patients diagnosed with PT-DLBCL were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Independent prognostic factors were analyzed to establish a nomogram of OS and CSS. Patients were reclassified into high- and low-risk groups; survival was compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results We collected 1099 PT-DLBCL cases (2000–2019) from SEER and randomized into training (n = 771) and validation (n = 328) cohorts. In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, five prognostic indicators (age, treatment modality, diagnosis year, Ann Arbor stage, laterality) were used to establish a nomogram of OS and CSS. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration, with concordance indices in the training and validation cohorts of 0.702 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.677–0.727) and 0.705 (95% CI 0.67–0.74) for OS and 0.694 (95% CI 0.663–0.725) and 0.680 (95% CI 0.63–0.72) for CSS. The calibration curve and ROC analysis indicated good predictive capability of the nomogram. Conclusions The constructed prognostic model showed good predictive value for PT-DLBCL to assist clinicians in developing individualized treatment strategies.
Evaluation of a Primary Care-Based Multidisciplinary Transition Clinic for Patients Newly Initiated on Buprenorphine in the Emergency Department
Authors: Incze Michael A. , Sehgal Sonia L. , Hansen Annika , Garcia Luke , Stolebarger Laura 
Published: September 2023

Background: Care transitions represent vulnerable events for patients newly initiating medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Multidisciplinary primary care-based transition clinics may improve care linkage and retention in MOUD treatment. Additionally, these interventions may help primary care clinicians (PCPs) overcome barriers to adopting MOUD into practice. In this evaluation, we assessed the impact of a primary care-based transition clinic for patients newly initiating buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD) in the emergency department. Methods: We conducted a retrospective program evaluation within a single academic health system involving adults who newly initiated buprenorphine for OUD through an emergency department-based program and were referred to follow up in either a dedicated multidisciplinary primary care-based transition clinic (SPARC) vs referral to usual primary care (UPC). We performed descriptive analyses comparing patient demographics, referral volume, linkage to care, treatment retention, and markers of high-quality care between the 2 groups. A log-rank test was used to determine the difference in probabilities of retention between SPARC and UPC over 6 months. Results: Over 12 months, the number of referrals to SPARC was greater than to UPC (N = 64 vs N = 26). About 58% of patients referred to SPARC attended an initial visit vs 38% referred to UPC. Treatment retention was consistently greater in SPARC than UPC (1 m: 90% vs 60%; 3 m: 76% vs 40%; 6 m: 60% vs 30%). Markers of care quality including naloxone provision (100% vs 80%) and infectious screening (81% vs 40%) were greater in SPARC clinic. SPARC was associated with a statistically significant increased probability of retention in treatment as compared to UPC ( P < .01). Conclusions: In this observational evaluation, a primary care-based multidisciplinary transition clinic for patients initiating buprenorphine MOUD was associated with expanded access to longitudinal OUD treatment and superior linkage to care, retention in care, and quality of care compared to referral to usual primary care. Further research using a more rigorous research design is required to further evaluate these findings.