bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Microglia-mediated Synapse Remodeling after Cortical Injury in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Bhatt Hrishti , Mojica Chromewell A. , Xin Hongqi , Pessina Monica , Rosene Douglas L. , Moore Tara L. , Medalla Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the microglial neuro-immune interactions in the primate brain is vital to developing therapeutics for cortical injury, such as stroke. Our previous work showed that mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) enhanced motor recovery in aged rhesus monkeys post-injury of primary motor cortex (M1), by promoting homeostatic ramified microglia, reducing injury-related neuronal hyperexcitability, and enhancing synaptic plasticity in perilesional cortices. The current study addresses how these injury- and recovery-associated changes relate to structural and molecular interactions between microglia and neuronal synapses. Using multi-labeling immunohistochemistry, high resolution microscopy, and gene expression analysis, we quantified co-expression of synaptic markers (VGLUTs, GLURs, VGAT, GABARs), microglia markers (Iba-1, P2RY12), and C1q, a complement pathway protein for microglia-mediated synapse phagocytosis, in perilesional M1 and premotor cortices (PMC) of monkeys with intravenous infusions of either vehicle (veh) or EVs post-injury. We compared this lesion cohort to aged-matched non-lesion controls. Our findings revealed a lesion-related loss of excitatory synapses in perilesional areas, which was ameliorated by EV treatment. Further, we found region-dependent effects of EV on microglia and C1q expression. In perilesional M1, EV treatment and enhanced functional recovery were associated with increased expression of C1q + hypertrophic microglia, which are thought to have a role in debris-clearance and anti-inflammatory functions. In PMC, EV treatment was associated with decreased C1q + synaptic tagging and microglial-spine contacts. Our results provided evidence that EV treatment facilitated synaptic plasticity by enhancing clearance of acute damage in perilesional M1, and thereby preventing chronic inflammation and excessive synaptic loss in PMC. These mechanisms may act to preserve synaptic cortical motor networks and a balanced normative M1/PMC synaptic connectivity to support functional recovery after injury.
Modeling hospital surgical capacity in mass casualty incidents: a national metric of the MassCare index
Authors: Aubrion Antoine , NADIN Lawrence , HARDEL Lauriane , LEFEVRE-SCELLES Antoine , Macrez Richard , Morello Remy , GUITTET Lydia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The a priori assessment of medical response capacity for disasters in each hospital is crucial to establish the maximum receivable number of patients and the best allocation strategy. The objective of this study was to calculate the maximal surgical capacity of each French hospital for adult victims of mass casualty incidents (MCI) during working hours (Tmax-MassCare-A1-B1-C1).Methods Data were taken from the 2019 national SAE survey, which records the activity and resources of French hospitals. The Tmax-MassCare-A1-B1-C1 indicator was calculated using resources for each hospital with sufficient data, as the minimum of its number of operating rooms, surgeons, and anaesthetists or anaesthesia nurses declared. Linear regression models were used to predict this Tmax-MassCare indicator using the hospital activity measured in the PMSI database, an exhaustive database used for payment purposes. Estimates of MCI surgical capacity per million inhabitants (p.m.h.) were further calculated by French region.Results Of the 875 hospitals included, 15.8% had missing data on resource variables precluding calculation of the Tmax-MassCare indicator without imputation. The capacity calculated for the remaining hospitals would be better predicted with the assumption that one patient in the MCI situation could be admitted for every 1441 annual procedures (R2 = 0,87, univariate linear regression model). Using this approximation, the MCI surgical capacity was 81.5 patients p.m.h. in metropolitan France and 47.6 in overseas France.Conclusion The maximal MCI surgical capacity in adults can be estimated using the annual number of procedures as a proxy. Further studies are needed to provide estimators outside of working hours and for paediatric victims.
Recovery from post-COVID-19 vaccination biliary ductopenia and multiorgan inflammation: A case with insight from angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody- mediated injury
Authors: Chang Alan , Jeng Yung-Ming , Ho Cheng-Maw , Lee Po-Huang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Spike messenger RNA (mRNA)–based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may contribute to immune-mediated injuries. Here we present a case of marked cholangiopathy with multiorgan injury and investigate the potential mechanisms associated with mRNA-based vaccines.
Case summary and investigation
A previously healthy 47-year-old man developed progressive jaundice 2 weeks after receiving his 3rd COVID-19 vaccination (1st mRNA-based vaccine). Apart from elevated serum total bilirubin levels (peaked at >70 mg/dL), deteriorating renal (blood urea nitrogen: peak, 108.5 mg/dL; creatinine: peak, 6 mg/dL) and exocrine pancreas (amylase: peak, 1717 U/L; lipase: peak, 5784 U/L) profiles were also seen. Vanishing bile duct syndrome characterized by ductopenia and cholangiocyte vacuolation, positive C4d deposition, and high titer of anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody consistently explain the overall antibody-mediated pathogenesis resembling antibody-mediated “rejection” in the solid organ transplant setting. Corticosteroids and plasmapheresis were administered, leading to gradual resolution of the symptoms, and the jaundice completely resolved 2 months later.
Conclusion
Here we reported a case of antibody-mediated multiorgan injury after an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine characterized by severe cholangiopathy. The patient recovered with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis, and long-term follow-up is needed.
The Growing Threat of Global Urban Heat Island Effects in Lower-Middle- and Low-Income Countries
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Dong Xu , Li Chengwei , Geng Xiaolei , Zhou Yushan , Fan Zhengqiu , Liao Chuan , WANG Xiangrong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Urbanization has undergone significant growth in recent decades, but we still lack information regarding the disparity caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect associated with urban development. Upon analyzing 4,832,660 urban grids worldwide from 2003 to 2018, we found that there is an uneven distribution in the growth of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) across countries in four distinct economic levels. The SUHII gradually decreased after 2006 and 2004 in high and upper-middle income groups, respectively. However, increasing trend was observed in the low and lower-middle income groups. Specifically, during the daytime, 27% of low-income regions exhibit a largest-scale net increasing trend, while the lower-middle-income group has the largest area (19.10%) with a net increasing trend during the nighttime. The growth rate of SUHII in high- and upper-middle-income country urban areas is close to the average urbanization level of these countries, but the growth rate of SUHII in lower-middle- and low-income country cities is much faster. Our findings highlight that urban areas in lower-middle- and low-income countries face more urgent UHI issues and require targeted interventions for mitigation. High- and upper-middle-income countries need shoulder greater responsibility in mitigating the UHI effects by offering technical expertise and guidance to economically disadvantaged nations.
Role of Phenolic Acid Metabolism in Enhancing Bioactivity of Mentha Extract Fermented with Plant- Derived Lactobacillus plantarum SN13T
Authors: Shakya Shrijana , Danshiitsoodol Narandalai , Noda Masafumi , Sugiyama Masanori 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plant-derived lactic acid bacteria are major fermentation organisms that can grow in medicinal herb extracts enriched with phytochemicals like glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. Fermentation with strain-specific Lactobacilli harboring metabolic enzymes can increase the bioactivity and bioavailability of medicinal herbs. Lactobacillus (Lact.) plantarum SN13T and Pediococcus (Ped.) pentosaceus LP28 are plant-derived probiotic strains with clinically reported health effects. In the present study, the bioactivity of the extract of the herb, Mentha, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were increased when fermented with Lact. plantarum SN13T as compared to the unfermented extract or extract fermented with Ped. pentosaceus LP28. This higher bioactivity was associated with the metabolism of rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA), the major bioactive phenolic acids reported in Mentha, along with the production of the metabolite dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA). DHCA was found to be a more potent LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor than its precursor phenolic acids. The metabolism of RA to DHCA via CA could be mediated by the enzymes cinnamoyl ester hydrolase and hydroxycinnamate reductases, encoded by the ceh gene and the hcrRABC gene operon, respectively, which were identified in the complete genome sequence of Lact. plantarum strain SN13T but were absent in Ped. pentosaceus LP28. The genes hcrA, hcrB, and hcrC were significantly and time-dependently overexpressed in Lact. plantarum SN13T when grown in the Mentha extract, suggesting the role of phenolic acid metabolism in enhancing its bioactivity.
Agile THz-range spectral multiplication of frequency combs using a multi-wavelength laser
Authors: Abdollahi Mohammadshahab , Ladouce Mathieu , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Virte Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On-chip frequency comb sources have emerged as a revolutionary technology that enables broadband frequency combs with unprecedented compactness, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This technology has found widespread applications ranging from spectroscopy and lidar to telecommunications. However, on-chip comb sources face a fundamental trade-off between controllability and bandwidth: Broadband combs, generated in microresonators, lack free-spectral range or spectral envelope control, while combs generated with electro-optic modulators can be carefully tailored but are limited in bandwidth. Here, we present a novel approach to overcome this trade-off by enabling agile spectral multiplication of a narrowband comb. We demonstrate that by exploiting the nonlinear dynamics of a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser under modulated optical injection, we can achieve spectral multiplication of an injected narrowband comb at frequency offsets of 26 GHz, 54 GHz, and up to 1.3 THz. Our approach incorporates on-chip optical feedback control that allows for high suppression ratio and nanosecond-scale tuning of the offset frequency. We show that this approach is scalable and can cover a range of several THz with a suitable laser design, compatible with generic foundry platforms. Our system, when combined with THz photomixers, would enable low-cost, compact, and power-efficient sources for agile THz comb generation, paving the way towards a new generation of THz applications.
Variation in temperature of peak trait
performance will constrain adaptation of arthropod populations to climatic warming
Authors: Pawar Samraat , Smallwood Thomas , Nisbet Miles , Chan Alex , Shocket Marta , Johnson Leah , Kontopoulos Dimitrios-Georgios , Cator Lauren , Huxley Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The capacity of arthropod populations to adapt to long-term climatic warming is uncertain. Here, we combine theory and extensive data on diverse arthropod taxa to show that their rate of thermal adaptation to climatic warming will be constrained in two fundamental ways. First, the rate of thermal adaptation is predicted to be limited by the rate of shift in the temperature of peak performance of four life-history traits in a specific order: juvenile development, adult fecundity, juvenile mortality, and adult mortality. Second, thermal adaptation will be constrained due to differences in the temperature of peak performance among these four traits, which are expected to persist because of trade-offs. By compiling a new global dataset of 61 diverse arthropod species, we find strong evidence that contemporary populations have indeed evolved under these constraints. Our results provide a basis for using relatively feasible trait measurements to predict the adaptive capacity of diverse arthropod populations to climatic warming.
Pharmacological assessment of Co3O4, CuO, NiO and ZnO nanoparticles via antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities
Authors: Junejo Bindia , Eryilmaz Mujde , Rizvanoglu Suna Sibel , Palabiyik Ismail Murat , Ghumro Tania , Mallah Arfana , Solangi Amber R. , Hyder Syed Iqleem , Maleh Hassan Karimi , Dragoi Elena Niculina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Infectious diseases have risen dramatically as a result of the resistance of many common antibiotics. Nanotechnology provides a new avenue of investigation for the development of antimicrobial agents that effectively combat infection. The combined effects of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are known to have intense antibacterial activities. However, a comprehensive analysis of some NPs regarding these activities is still unavailable. This study uses the aqueous chemical growth method to synthesize Co3O4, CuO, NiO and ZnO NPs. The prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The antibacterial activities of NPs were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the microdilution method, such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The best MIC value among all the metal oxide NPs was 0.63 against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 through ZnO NPs. The other metal oxide NPs also showed satisfactory MIC values against different test bacteria. In addition, the biofilm inhibition and antiquorum sensing activities of NPs were also examined. The present study presents a novel approach for the relative analysis of metal-based NPs in antimicrobial studies, demonstrating their potential for bacteria removal from water and wastewater.
The Development of Non-natural Type Nucleoside to Stabilize Triplex
DNA Formation against CG and TA Inversion Site
Authors: Wang Lei , Ling Yong , Tian Yan , Wang Xiao , Sasaki Shigeki , Taniguchi Yosuke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Based on the sequence-specific recognition of target duplex DNA by triplexforming
oligonucleotides (TFOs) at the major groove side, the antigene strategy has been
exploited as a gene-targeting tool with considerable attention. Triplex DNA is formed via
the specific base triplets by the Hoogsteen or reverse Hoogsteen hydrogen bond interaction
between TFOs and the homo-purine strand from the target duplex DNA, leading to
the established sequence-specificity. However, the presence of inversion sites, which are
known as non-natural nucleosides that can form satisfactory interactions with 2′-
deoxythymidine (dT) and 2′-deoxycytidine (dC) in TA and CG base pairs in the target
homo-purine DNA sequences, drastically restricts the formation of classically stable base
triplets and even the triplex DNA. Therefore, the design of non-natural type nucleosides,
which can effectively recognize CG or/and TA inversion sites with satisfactory selectivity,
should be of great significance to expanding the triplex-forming sequence. Here, this review
mainly provides a comprehensive review of the current development of novel nonnatural
nucleosides to recognize CG or/and TA inversion sites in triplex DNA formation
against double-strand DNA (dsDNA).
Roxithromycin and rhEGF Co-loaded Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive
Nanoparticles for Accelerating Wound Healing
Authors: Ding Jun , Chen Dan , Hu Jun , Zhang Dinglin , Gou Yajun , Wu Yaguang 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Bacterial infection can delay wound healing and is therefore a major threat to
public health. Although various strategies have been developed to treat bacterial infections, antibiotics
remain the best option to combat infections. The inclusion of growth factors in the treatment approach
can also accelerate wound healing. The co-delivery of antibiotics and growth factors for the combined
treatment of wounds needs further investigation.

Objective:
Here we aimed to develop antibiotic and growth factor co-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to treat
Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds.

Methods:
By using our previously prepared reactive oxygen species-responsive material (Oxi-αCD),
roxithromycin (ROX)-loaded NPs (ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs) and recombinant human epidermal growth
factor (rhEGF)/ROX co-loaded NPs (rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs) were successfully fabricated. The in
vivo efficacy of this prepared nanomedicine was evaluated in mice with S. aureus-infected wounds.

Results:
ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs and rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs had a spherical structure and their particle
sizes were 164 ± 5 nm and 190 ± 8 nm, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial experiments showed that
ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration than ROX. The in vivo animal experiments
demonstrated that rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs could significantly accelerate the healing of S.
aureus-infected wounds as compared to the free ROX drug and ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
ROX and rhEGF co-loaded NPs can effectively eliminate bacteria in wounds and accelerate
wound healing. Our present work could provide a new strategy to combat bacteria-infected wounds.
The Role of LMP1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Cancer
Authors: Huang Xinqi , Zhang Meilan , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
EBV promotes many cancers such as lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric;
Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) is considered to be a major oncogenic protein encoded by Epstein–
Barr virus (EBV). LMP1 functions as a carcinogen in lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
and LMP1 may also promote gastric cancer. The expression level of LMP1 in host cells is a key
determinant in tumorigenesis and maintenance of virus specificity. By promoting cell immortalization
and cell transformation, promoting cell proliferation, affecting immunity, and regulating cell apoptosis,
LMP1 plays a crucial tumorigenic role in epithelial cancers. However, very little is currently
known about LMP1 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC); the main reason is
that the expression level of LMP1 in EBVaGC is comparatively lower than other EBV-encoded proteins,
such as The Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A), Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)
and BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1), to date, there are few studies related to LMP1 in EBVaGC.
Recent studies have demonstrated that LMP1 promotes EBVaGC by affecting The phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase- Akt (PI3K-Akt), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and other signaling pathways
to regulate many downstream targets such as Forkhead box class O (FOXO), C-X-C-motif chemokine
receptor (CXCR), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2); moreover, the gene methylation induced by LMP1 in
EBVaGC has become one of the characteristics that distinguish this gastric cancer (GC) from other
types of gastric cancer and LMP1 also promotes the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME)
of EBVaGC in several ways. This review synthesizes previous relevant literature, aiming to highlight
the latest findings on the mechanism of action of LMP1 in EBVaGC, summarize the function of
LMP1 in EBVaGC, lay the theoretical foundation for subsequent new research on LMP1 in EBVaGC,
and contribute to the development of novel LMP1-targeted drugs.
Insight into Tumor Hypoxia: Radionuclide-based Biomarker as Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Saxena Priya , Gambhir Sanjay , Dixit Manish 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
The radiolabeled tracers have been extensively utilized to access various physiological
and pathological conditions non-invasively, such as cancers, inflammation, and organ-specific
imaging. These tracers demonstrate and study tumor hypoxia in several malignancies. Hypoxia is
commonly seen in solid tumors. Tumor Hypoxia is a non-physiological condition of reduced
oxygen concentration in the tumor. Hypoxia is associated with adverse outcomes such as treatment
resistance and metastases in solid tumors. Tumor hypoxia may result in resistance to radiation
therapy and chemotherapy, leading to a poor prognosis. It is one of the clinically paramount factors
in treatment planning. Various chemical scaffolds are labeled with compatible radioisotopes for imaging
hypoxia by Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron emission
tomography (PET). Radionuclides, such as [18F]Flourine, [99mTc]Technetium, [131I]Iodine, [124I]
Iodine, and [64Cu]Copper are used for incorporation into different chemical scaffolds.Among them,
[18F]Flourine and [64Cu]Copper tagged radiopharmaceuticals are most explored, such as
[18F]FMISO, [18F]FAZA, [18F]FETNIM, and N4-methyl thiosemicarbazone [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)].
Some of the promising scaffolds for imaging hypoxia are [18F]EF1, [18F]EF5, [18F]EF3, and
[18F]HX4.

:
This review is focused on developing radiochemistry routes to synthesize different radiopharmaceuticals
for imaging hypoxia in clinical and preclinical studies, as described in the literature. The
chemist and radiochemist exerted enormous efforts to overcome these obstacles. They have
successfully formulated multiple radiopharmaceuticals for hypoxia imaging. Radionuclide
incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield, specific activity, purity, and
radio-scalability) is a need for application perspective. Versatile chemistry, including nucleophilic
and electrophilic substitutions, allows the direct or indirect introduction of radioisotopes into
molecules of interest. This review will discuss the chemical routes for synthesizing and utilizing different
precursors for radiolabeling with radionuclides.We will briefly summaries these radio-labeled
tracers' application and biological significance.
Synthesis, ADME, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of New
2-Aminobenzothiazloes
Authors: Agarwal Uma , Tonk Rajiv K. , Sharma Kalicharan , Bhutani Rubina , Verma Saroj 
Published: May 2023

Background:
In recent years, 2-aminobenzothiazoles were reported as antibacterial, antihelmintic,
antitumor, antimalarial, antiviral, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Objectives:
The study aimed to explore new potential 2-aminobenzothiazoles as antibacterial and
anthelmintic agents.

Methods:
A favorable two-step method was used for the synthesis of new 2-aminobenzothiazole
derivatives (4a-4j) by Schiff base. All synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial activity
using an in vitro cup-plate method and antihelmintic activity by recording in vitro earthworm paralysis
and death time. Pharmacokinetics in silico studies were performed to predict the drug performance
in the body using the Molinspiration kit. The molecular docking was performed to check the
catalytic binding site between the dihydrofolate reductase and synthesized compounds (4a-4j).

Results:
The compound 4d emerged as the most effective vermifuge and vermicide among all tested
compounds. The compounds 4c, 4f, 4g, 4i and 4j were examined as highly potent against grampositive
bacteria. The compounds 4b, 4h, and 4i showed maximum inhibition against gramnegative
bacteria. In support of antibacterial activity, the compounds 4c and 4j showed good binding
orientation in the catalytic binding pocket of the DHFR receptor (PDB ID: 4LAE). These synthesized
compounds could have evolved to shape orally active compounds shown in pharmacokinetics
in silico studies.

Conclusions:
The research outcomes showed that explored 2-aminobenzothiazoles have good antibacterial
and anthelmintic activity.