bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant effects of granulometric classes and decoction of Ficus dicranostyla Mildbread leaves powders against carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Tabi Omgba Yves , Tsague Marthe Valentine , Temdie Guemmogne Romeo Joël , Tembe Achick Estella , Ngono Mballa Rose , Fokunang Ntungwen Charles , Ngadjui Tchaleu Bonaventure , Dimo Théophile , Ndongo Embola Judith , Ze Minkande Jacqueline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFicus dicranostyla is a plant from the Moraceae family commonly used in African countries for its nutritional value and its believed medicinal properties. Its antioxidant in vitro capacity and its richness in phenolic compounds have been previously demonstrated. This work aimed at evaluating the hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant activities of different granulometric fractions of the F. dicranostyla leaves against carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Powdery fractions (<125, 250–125, and ≥250 μm), and the unsieved powder, obtained from the F. dicranostyla leaves were water‐dissolved and given orally to rats at the same dose (250 mg/kg body weight) before administering carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally (1 mL/Kg bw). The lipid status parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL‐cholesterol, and LDL‐cholesterol), hepatic toxicity through aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in blood plasma, and antioxidant status by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in liver homogenate were performed. The activities of all parameters registered a significant (p < .05) alteration in CCl4‐treated rats, which were significantly recovered toward an almost normal level in coadministered with Ficus dicranostyla leaf powder samples in a particle size‐dependent manner. Results suggest that the smaller particle size of the powder fraction, as well as the decoction powder of Ficus dicranostyla, may be used as hepatoprotective and antioxidant agents.
Social media intervention for promoting breastfeeding among WIC participants
Authors: Sanchez Louisiana M. , Park Sung‐Yeon , Kohnen Taya , Sarnquist Bret , Jeon Hyo Jin (Jean) , Granner Michelle , Morning Kelly , MacNeil Patricia , Deavers Olivia , Soto Valery , Christiansen Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial media have emerged as a promising communication channel for promoting breastfeeding among a new generation of mothers. Yet, there is no published study reporting the effects of a large‐scale social media intervention on key breastfeeding‐related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. As a component of its breastfeeding promotion campaign, the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program implemented a 12‐month intervention using Facebook and Instagram and subsequently evaluated the outcomes by surveying WIC‐participating women (N = 832) twice, immediately before and after the intervention. Based on their level of exposure to the intervention messages, the women were retrospectively classified into two groups, resulting in a two‐group (no–low exposure vs. medium–high exposure) quasi‐experiment. Women in the medium–high exposure group, in comparison with women in the no–low exposure group, exhibited higher campaign awareness (p < .001), visits to the campaign website (p < .001), and engagement with the website content (p < .001). They also reported more positive breastfeeding attitudes (M = 17.26 vs. M = 16.51, p < .05), self‐efficacy (M = 54.48 vs. M = 49.94, p < .01), and social support (M = 27.37 vs. M = 25.11, p < .001). But they did not differ from women in the no–low exposure group in breastfeeding initiation (p > .05) and duration (p > .05). In conclusion, a social media‐based intervention resulted in more positive breastfeeding attitudes, higher self‐efficacy, and higher perceived social support. Future studies need to investigate the optimal level of intervention message dosage that prompts significant behavioral changes.
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation induction with MAPK/ERK inhibitor fails to support repair processes in the chronically demyelinated CNS
Authors: Ganz Tal , Zveik Omri , Fainstein Nina , Lachish Marva , Rechtman Ariel , Sofer Lihi , Brill Livnat , Ben‐Hur Tamir , Vaknin‐Dembinsky Adi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRemyelination failure is considered a major obstacle in treating chronic‐progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown blockage in the differentiation of resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) into myelin‐forming cells, suggesting that pushing OPC into a differentiation program might be sufficient to overcome remyelination failure. Others stressed the need for a permissive environment to allow proper activation, migration, and differentiation of OPC. PD0325901, a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, was previously shown to induce OPC differentiation, non‐specific immunosuppression, and a significant therapeutic effect in acute demyelinating MS models. We examined PD0325901 effects in the chronically inflamed central nervous system. Treatment with PD0325901 induced OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes with high morphological complexity. However, treatment of Biozzi mice with chronic‐progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with PD0325901 showed no clinical improvement in comparison to the control group, no reduction in demyelination, nor induction of OPC migration into foci of demyelination. PD0325901 induced a direct general immunosuppressive effect on various cell populations, leading to a diminished phagocytic capability of microglia and less activation of lymph‐node cells. It also significantly impaired the immune‐modulatory functions of OPC. Our findings suggest OPC regenerative function depends on a permissive environment, which may include pro‐regenerative inflammatory elements. Furthermore, they indicate that maintaining a delicate balance between the pro‐myelinating and immune functions of OPC is of importance. Thus, the highly complex mission of creating a pro‐regenerative environment depends upon an appropriate immune response controlled in time, place, and intensity. We suggest the need to employ a multi‐systematic therapeutic approach, which cannot be achieved through a single molecule‐based therapy.
Evidence for adaptive myelination of subcortical shortcuts for visual motion perception in healthy adults
Authors: Rowe Elise G. , Zhang Yubing , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConscious visual motion information follows a cortical pathway from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and on to the primary visual cortex (V1) before arriving at the middle temporal visual area (MT/V5). Alternative subcortical pathways that bypass V1 are thought to convey unconscious visual information. One flows from the retina to the pulvinar (PUL) and on to medial temporal visual area (MT); while the other directly connects the LGN to MT. Evidence for these pathways comes from non‐human primates and modest‐sized studies in humans with brain lesions. Thus, the aim of the current study was to reconstruct these pathways in a large sample of neurotypical individuals and to determine the degree to which these pathways are myelinated, suggesting information flow is rapid. We used the publicly available 7T (N = 98; ‘discovery’) and 3T (N = 381; ‘validation’) diffusion magnetic resonance imaging datasets from the Human Connectome Project to reconstruct the PUL–MT (including all subcompartments of the PUL) and LGN–MT pathways. We found more fibre tracts with greater density in the left hemisphere. Although the left PUL–MT path was denser, the bilateral LGN–MT tracts were more heavily myelinated, suggesting faster signal transduction. We suggest that this apparent discrepancy may be due to ‘adaptive myelination’ caused by more frequent use of the LGN–MT pathway that leads to greater myelination and faster overall signal transmission.
Estimating uncertainty in streamflow and solute fluxes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Pu Ge , Campbell John L. , Green Mark B. , Merriam Jeff L. , Zietlow David , Yanai Ruth D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStream fluxes are commonly reported without a complete accounting for uncertainty in the estimates, which makes it difficult to evaluate the significance of findings or to identify where to direct efforts to improve monitoring programs. At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA, stream flow has been monitored continuously and solute concentrations have been sampled approximately weekly in small, gaged headwater streams since 1963, yet comprehensive uncertainty analyses have not been reported. We propagated uncertainty in the stage height–discharge relationship, watershed area, analytical chemistry, the concentration–discharge relationship used to interpolate solute concentrations, and the streamflow gap‐filling procedure to estimate uncertainty for both streamflow and solute fluxes for a recent 6‐year period (2013–2018) using a Monte Carlo approach. As a percentage of solute fluxes, uncertainty was highest for NH4+ (34%), total dissolved nitrogen (8.8%), NO3− (8.1%), and K+ (7.4%), and lowest for dissolved organic carbon (3.7%), SO42− (4.0%), and Mg2+ (4.4%). In units of flux, uncertainties were highest for solutes in highest concentration (Si, DOC, SO42−, and Na+) and lowest for those lowest in concentration (H+ and NH4+). Laboratory analysis of solute concentration was a greater source of uncertainty than streamflow for solute flux, with the exception of DOC. Our results suggest that uncertainty in solute fluxes could be reduced with more precise measurements of solute concentrations. Additionally, more discharge measurements during high flows are needed to better characterize the stage‐discharge relationship. Quantifying uncertainty in streamflow and element export is important because it allows for determination of significance of differences in fluxes, which can be used to assess watershed response to disturbance and environmental change.
A new model for simulating root water uptake by vegetation under the impact of a dynamic groundwater table in arid regions
Authors: Qiao Shufeng , Ma Rui , Sun Ziyong , Wang Yunquan , Hu Shun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEcological water conveyance is an effective measure to mitigate or reverse vegetation ecosystem degradation in arid regions, which can lead to frequent fluctuations in the groundwater table. The depth of soil water that vegetation takes up varies in response to groundwater table fluctuations in arid environments. To better characterize the root water uptake process under dynamic changes in the groundwater table in arid regions, this study proposed a new model for simulating root water uptake. The model reduces the dominant effect of root density on water uptake by introducing a correction factor and accounts for the effect of changes in the water content profile on root water uptake in arid areas. The new model was incorporated into the HYDRUS code and tested against the monitoring data of typical vegetation in the arid region of northwestern China. The results demonstrated that the soil water content simulated by the new model matched well with the observed data, which was consistent with the water uptake process under the fluctuations of the groundwater table at the study site. Compared with other models, this model can flexibly alter water uptake layers according to soil moisture conditions in arid conditions, thus providing a new method to depict the dynamic process of water uptake influenced by fluctuations in the groundwater table.
Roles of zinc in cancers: From altered metabolism to therapeutic applications
Authors: Bendellaa Mohamed , Lelièvre Pierre , Coll Jean‐Luc , Sancey Lucie , Deniaud Aurélien , Busser Benoit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZinc (Zn) is a crucial trace element involved in various cellular processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis and immune response, contributing to cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of Zn homeostasis occurs in certain cancers. This review discusses the role of Zn in cancer and its associated components, such as Zn‐related proteins, their potential as biomarkers and the use of Zn‐based strategies for tumor treatment. ZIP and ZnT proteins regulate Zn metabolism under normal conditions, but their expression is aberrant in cancer. These Zn proteins can serve as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers, aiding in early cancer detection and disease monitoring. Moreover, targeting Zn and its pathways offers potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Modulating Zn biodistribution within cells using metal‐binding agents allows for the control of downstream signaling pathways. Direct utilization of zinc as a therapeutic agent, including Zn supplementation or Zn oxide nanoparticle administration, holds promise for improving the prognosis of cancer patients.
Potential causal links of long‐term air pollution with lung cancer incidence: From the perspectives of mortality and hospital admission in a large cohort study in southern China
Authors: Guo Tong , Chen Shirui , Wang Ying , Zhang Yuqin , Du Zhicheng , Wu Wenjing , Chen Shimin , Ju Xu , Li Zhiqiang , Jing Qinlong , Hao Yuantao , Zhang Wangjian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEvidence on the potential causal links of long‐term air pollution exposure with lung cancer incidence (reflected by mortality and hospital admission) was limited, especially based on large cohorts. We examined the relationship between lung cancer and long‐term exposure to particulate matter (PM, including PM2.5, PM10 and PM10‐2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) among a large cohort of general Chinese adults using causal inference approaches. The study included 575 592 participants who were followed up for an average of 8.2 years. The yearly exposure of PM and NO2 was estimated through satellite‐based random forest approaches and the ordinary kriging method, respectively. Marginal structural Cox models were used to examine hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality and hospital admission due to lung cancer following air pollution exposure, adjusting for potential confounders. The HRs of mortality due to lung cancer were 1.042 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.033‐1.052), 1.032 (95% CI:1.024‐1.041) and 1.052 (95% CI:1.041‐1.063) for each 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10 and NO2, respectively. In addition, we observed statistically significant effects of PMs on hospital admission due to lung cancer. The HRs (95%CI) were 1.110 (1.027‐1.201), 1.067 (1.020‐1.115) and 1.079 (1.010‐1.153) for every 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, PM10‐2.5, respectively. Furthermore, we found larger effect estimates among the elderly and those who exercised more frequently. We provided the most comprehensive evidence of the potential causal links between two outcomes of lung cancer and long‐term air pollution exposure. Relevant policies should be developed, with special attention to protecting the vulnerable groups of the population.
Low frequency of intracranial progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with cancer immunotherapies
Authors: Kemmotsu Naoya , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Kunimasa Kei , Ishino Takamasa , Nagasaki Joji , Otani Yoshihiro , Michiue Hiroyuki , Ichihara Eiki , Ohashi Kadoaki , Inoue Takako , Tamiya Motohiro , Sakai Kazuko , Ueda Youki , Dansako Hiromichi , Nishio Kazuto , Kiura Katsuyuki , Date Isao , Togashi Yosuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntracranial metastases are common in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, whose prognosis is very poor. In addition, intracranial progression is common during systemic treatments due to the inability to penetrate central nervous system (CNS) barriers, whereas the intracranial effects of cancer immunotherapies remain unclear. We analyzed clinical data to evaluate the frequency of intracranial progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 blockade therapies compared with those treated without PD‐1 blockade therapies, and found that the frequency of intracranial progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 blockade therapies was significantly lower than that in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies. In murine models, intracranial rechallenged tumors after initial rejection by PD‐1 blockade were suppressed. Accordingly, long‐lived memory precursor effector T cells and antigen‐specific T cells were increased by PD‐1 blockade in intracranial lesions. However, intracranial rechallenged different tumors are not suppressed. Our results indicate that cancer immunotherapies can prevent intracranial progression, maintaining long‐term effects intracranially as well as systemically. If intracranial recurrence occurs during the treatment with PD‐1 blockade therapies, aggressive local therapies could be worthwhile.
Optical, thermal, and magnetic properties of a microporous fluorinated iron phosphate: (H3O)2[Fe4(H2O)2F4(PO4)2(HPO4)2](H2O)
Authors: Bouzidia Nabaa , Ben Salah Abdelhamid , Hamdi Besma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe non‐centrosymmetric microporous fluorinated iron phosphate, (H3O)2[Fe4(H2O)2F4(PO4)2(HPO4)2](H2O), is endowed with properties. In fact, the thermogravimetric analysis study shows a mass loss evolution as a temperature function. The optical study was also examined by UV–vis absorption. The magnetic results reveal the appearance of a ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature (Tc = 11.64 K).
Drug‐Related Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Losa Ana , Gomes Rita , Mourão Francisco Ribeiro , Cardoso Sandra Soares , Vieira Paula Manuel , Correia Mário Rui , Silva Helena Moreira , Silva Gisela , Tavares Marta , Silva Ermelinda Santos , Lima Rosa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, often involving multiple pharmacologic classes. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of drug‐related adverse reactions (ARs) associated with therapies used in pediatric IBD. We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients with IBD followed in a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2022. Ninety‐nine patients were included (62.6% were male), with a median age at diagnosis of 13 years (interquartile range [IQR] 11‐15 years). The majority had Crohn's disease (69.7%), followed by ulcerative colitis (21.2%) and unclassified IBD (9.1%). The most prescribed therapies were: immunomodulators (n = 75, 75.8%), exclusive enteral nutrition (n = 61, 61.6%), and biologics (n = 58, 58.6%). During a median follow‐up time of 31 months (IQR 11‐51 months), the incidence of ARs was 16.2% (16 ARs occurred in 14 patients). The main drug involved was azathioprine (12/16) and the most frequent AR was hepatitis (5/16). Drug discontinuation was necessary in all but 1 case. Of the ARs recorded, 75% were mild to moderate and 81.3% did not require specific treatment; all patients had clinical and/or analytical normalization. There was a positive association between the cumulative number of prescribed drugs and the occurrence of ARs (P = .044). The incidence of ARs was similar to the rates reported in the few existing previous studies. The majority of ARs were mild, but implied the discontinuation of therapy or dose reduction, with a possible impact on disease control.
Barriers to initiate buprenorphine and methadone for opioid use disorder treatment with postdischarge treatment linkage
Authors: Calcaterra Susan L. , Lockhart Steven , Natvig Crystal , Mikulich Susan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHospitals are an essential site of care for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Buprenorphine and methadone are underutilized in the hospital.ObjectivesCharacterize barriers to in‐hospital buprenorphine or methadone initiation to inform implementation strategies to increase OUD treatment provision.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsSurvey of hospital‐based clinicians' perceptions of OUD treatment from 12 hospitals conducted between June 2022 and August 2022.MeasuresSurvey questions were grouped into six domains: (1) evidence to treat OUD, (2) hospital processes to treat OUD, (3) buprenorphine or methadone initiation, (4) clinical practices to treat OUD, (5) leadership prioritization of OUD treatment, and (6) job satisfaction. Likert responses were dichotomized and associations between “readiness” to initiate buprenorphine or methadone and each domain were assessed.ResultsOf 160 respondents (60% response rate), 72 (45%) reported higher readiness to initiate buprenorphine compared to methadone, 55 (34%). Respondents with higher readiness to initiate medications for OUD were more likely to perceive that evidence supports the use of buprenorphine and methadone to treat OUD (p < .001), to perceive fewer barriers to treat OUD (p < .001), to incorporate OUD treatment into their clinical practice (p < .001), to perceive leadership support for OUD treatment (p < .007), and to have great job satisfaction (p < .04). Clinicians reported that OUD treatment protocols with treatment linkage, increased education, and addiction specialist support would facilitate OUD treatment provision.ConclusionInterventions that incorporate protocols to initiate medications for OUD, include addiction specialist support and education, and ensure postdischarge OUD treatment linkage could facilitate hospital‐based OUD treatment provision.
Exploration of chiral drugs as references for chiral discrimination of valsartan and voriconazole by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Wei , Liu Jie , He Lan , Liu Yang , Zhang Caiyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of mass spectrometry for chiral recognition and quantification has attracted great interest owing to its speed, sensitivity, specificity, and tolerance. However, searching for chiral selectors in chiral analyses using mass spectrometry is still problematic. In this study, chiral drugs could be applied as references for the chiral recognition and enantiomeric quantification of valsartan and voriconazole. Two novel pairs of metal‐bound diastereomeric complex ions were detected by mass spectrometry, namely, nickel (II)‐bound dimeric ions [NiII (2R,5S‐emtricitabine) (S‐valsartan)‐H]+ and [NiII (2R,5S‐emtricitabine) (R‐valsartan)‐H]+ and copper (II)‐bound dimeric ions [CuII (S,S,S‐enalaprilat) (2S,3R‐voriconazole)‐H]+ and [CuII (S,S,S‐enalaprilat) (2R,3S‐voriconazole)‐H]+. The resulting diastereomers were successfully identified based on the relative intensities of their characteristic fragments using tandem mass spectrometry. The logarithm of the characteristic fragment ion abundance ratio exhibited a good linear relationship with the enantiomeric excess. Density functional theory calculations were also performed to elucidate the mechanism of the structural differences observed in the MS results. This established approach proves that chiral drugs can serve as ligands for the rapid recognition and quantitative analysis of other chiral drugs without a chiral chromatographic column or complex sample pretreatment.