bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lifestyle-based interventions to improve Mediterranean diet adherence among the young population: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , Victoria-Montesinos Desirée , García-Hermoso Antonio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Despite the large number of studies published to date, the effect of lifestyle-based interventions on improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in young people has not been meta-analyzed.

Objective
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was two-fold: (1) to determine the pooled intervention effects of lifestyle-based interventions on improving adherence to the MedDiet in a young population aged 3 years–18 years and (2) to examine the potential factors related to those intervention effects.

Data Sources
A systematic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed from their inception until June 15, 2023.

Data Extraction
Different meta-analyses were independently performed to observe the effect of lifestyle-based interventions on adherence to the MedDiet (according to the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents [KIDMED]).

Data Analysis
Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a small increase in KIDMED score (d = .27; 95% confidence interval [CI], .11 to .43; P &lt; .001; I2 = 89.7%). Similarly, participants in the lifestyle-based intervention groups had a 14% higher probability of achieving optimal adherence to the MedDiet (risk difference = .14; 95% CI, .02 to .26; P = .023; I2 = 96.8%). Greater improvements in achieving optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found in interventions delivered out of school (risk difference = .24, 95% CI, .04 to .44; I2 = 88.4%), those aimed at parents or at both children and parents (risk difference = .20, 95% CI, .07 to .34; I2 = 98.2%), and those including only participants with overweight/obesity (risk difference = .34, 95% CI, .15 to .52; I2 = .0%).

Conclusion
Healthy lifestyle-based interventions seem to be effective in increasing adherence to the MedDiet and in achieving optimal adherence to this dietary pattern among children and adolescents.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD2022369409.
Shifts in survival and reproduction after chronic warming enhance the potential of a marine copepod to persist under extreme heat events
Authors: de Juan Carlos , Calbet Albert , Saiz Enric 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study of a species’ thermal tolerance and vital rates responses provides useful metrics to characterize its vulnerability to ocean warming. Under prolonged thermal stress, plastic and adaptive processes can adjust the physiology of organisms. Yet it is uncertain whether the species can expand their upper thermal limits to cope with rapid and extreme changes in environmental temperature. In this study, we reared the marine copepod Paracartia grani at control (19°C) and warmer conditions (25°C) for &gt;18 generations and assessed their survival and fecundity under short-term exposure to a range of temperatures (11–34°C). After multigenerational warming, the upper tolerance to acute exposure (24 h) increased by 1–1.3°C, although this enhancement decreased to 0.3–0.8°C after longer thermal stress (7 days). Warm-reared copepods were smaller and produced significantly fewer offspring at the optimum temperature. No shift in the thermal breadth of the reproductive response was observed. Yet the fecundity rates of the warm-reared copepods in the upper thermal range were up to 21-fold higher than the control. Our results show that chronic warming improved tolerance to stress temperatures and fecundity of P. grani, therefore, enhancing its chances to persist under extreme heat events.
Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Durvasula Maya , Gupta Harsh , Schwartzstein Joshua , Williams Heidi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it is more representative of the group being treated. This generates the key result that the perceived benefit of a medicine for a group depends not only on the average benefit from a trial but also on the share of patients from that group who were enrolled in the trial. In survey experiments, we find that physicians who care for Black patients are more willing to prescribe drugs tested in representative samples, an effect substantial enough to close observed gaps in the prescribing rates of new medicines. Black patients update more on drug efficacy when the sample that the drug is tested on is more representative, reducing Black-white patient gaps in beliefs about whether the drug will work as described. Despite these benefits of representative data, our framework and evidence suggest that those who have benefited more from past medical breakthroughs are less costly to enroll in the present, leading to persistence in who is represented in the evidence base.
New Pricing Models, Same Old Phillips Curves?
Authors: Auclert Adrien , Rigato Rodolfo , Rognlie Matthew , Straub Ludwig 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We show that in a broad class of menu cost models, the first-order dynamics of aggregate inflation in response to arbitrary shocks to aggregate costs are nearly the same as in Calvo models with suitably chosen Calvo adjustment frequencies. We first prove that the canonical menu cost model is first-order equivalent to a mixture of two time-dependent models, which reflect the extensive and intensive margins of price adjustment. We then show numerically that in any plausible parameterization, this mixture is well approximated by a single Calvo model. This close numerical fit carries over to other standard specifications of menu cost models. Thus, for shocks that are not too large, the Phillips curve for a menu cost model looks like the New Keynesian Phillips curve, but with a higher slope.
Adenosine 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation reduces the risks of psoriasis and its comorbidities: a Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Xiao Yi , Jing Danrong , Zhou Guowei , Tang Zhenwei , Peng Cong , Kuang Yehong , Zhu Wu , Chen Xiang , Liu Hong , Shen Minxue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Whether metformin and its adenosine 5‘monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation protect from psoriasis risk is unconcluded. We investigated the effect of AMPK, a pharmacological target of metformin, on the risk of psoriasis and its comorbidities and mortality among participants in the UK Biobank (UKB).

Methods
To avoid immortal time biases in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, Mendelian randomization was used to infer the AMPK pathway-dependent effects. The cut-off age for distinguishing early-onset/late-onset psoriasis (EOP/LOP) was set at 60 years, based on the incident psoriasis peak in UKB. A genetic instrument comprising 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serving as a proxy for AMPK genetic risk score (negatively associated with AMPK activation), was employed as previously reported in the literature. Log-binomial models were used to estimate the effect size of AMPK regarding relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.

Results
A total of 407 159 participants were analysed, including 9126 EOP and 3324 LOP. The AMPK genetic risk score was associated with a 12.4% increase in the risk of LOP in men (RR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.022–1.236). This association was not significant for EOP or women. AMPK genetic risk score exhibited an elevated risk of ischemic heart disease (RR = 1.217, 95% CI 1.062–1.395) in male psoriasis patients.

Conclusions
AMPK activation may protect against LOPs and associated ischemic heart disease in men. A sex-specific, comorbidity-targeted intervention for psoriasis is needed.
Understanding the Causal Pathway of Social Determinants of Psychosis: The Role of Social Functioning, Relevance of Animal Models, and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Jimenez Amy M , Green Michael F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the social determinants of psychosis operate via a long and circuitous route. Here, we comment on the striking findings from a recent study by Ku et al., that area-level social environmental factors yield social disability and increased risk for schizophrenia through intervening variables and over a long time course. We discuss the relevance of animal models of social isolation to understand how environmental factors interrelate with individual-level mechanisms. We also discuss treatment implications, including the search for novel psychopharmacological treatments for reduced social motivation, and the need for a comprehensive prediction and prevention model.
Divergent role of nutrient availability in determining drought responses of sessile oak and Scots pine seedlings: evidence from 13C and 15N dual labeling
Authors: Ouyang Shengnan , Tie Liehua , Saurer Matthias , Bose Arun K , Duan Honglang , Li Maihe , Xu Xingliang , Shen Weijun , Gessler Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Increased soil nutrient availability can promote tree growth while drought impairs metabolic functioning and induces tree mortality. However, limited information is available about the role of nutrients in the drought responses of trees. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, which were subjected to three fertilization treatments in the first year and two water regimes in the second year. Old and newly fixed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation were traced by dual labeling with 13C and 15N tracers, respectively, at two time points. Leaf gas exchange, biomass, as well as N and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of all organs were measured. Fertilization predisposed sessile oak to drought-induced mortality, mainly by prioritizing aboveground growth, C and N allocation, reducing root NSC concentrations and decreasing old C contribution to new growth of leaves. In contrast, fertilization did not additionally predispose Scots pine to drought, with minor effects of fertilization and drought on newly fixed and old C allocation, tissues N and NSC concentrations. The role of nutrients for drought responses of trees seems to be species-specific. Therefore, we suggest nutrient availability and species identity to be considered in the framework of physiological mechanisms affecting drought-induced mortality.
The European Union’s Preferential Trade Agreements: between convergence and differentiation
Authors: Delgado Casteleiro Andrés 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gone are the days when tariff liberalization was the centre of the European Union’s Preferential Trade Agreements (EU PTAs). Instead, the current generation of EU PTAs manages trade from a regulatory perspective: they establish rules that apply to domestic measures. Significantly, EU PTAs deploy international standards rather than EU law to regulate trade, directly influencing the speed of regulatory convergence with its treaty partners. Though EU PTAs aim to boost trade through regulatory convergence, they also consider the specific conditions of the EU’s treaty partner. This article analyses this regulatory turn in the EU’s PTAs, its practice and its consequences regarding trade and sustainable development.
Ureteral Stents Do Not Increase the Risk for Acute Kidney Injury after Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Schmied Isaac D. , Rajkumar Dixy , Chang Melissa I. , Colom Sara M. , Cleary Robert K. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Ureteral stents are thought to prevent or help identify ureteral injuries. Studies suggesting that ureteral stents increase the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury show inconsistent conclusions. The large ureteral stenting volume at our institution provided a unique opportunity for granular analysis not previously reported.

OBJECTIVE:
Determine if prophylactic ureteral stenting at colorectal surgery increases acute kidney injury.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of colorectal operations with prophylactic ureteral stents were compared to operations without stents. Adjusted analysis was performed with inverse probability treatment weighting.

SETTINGS:
Single institution enhanced recovery colorectal surgery.

PATIENTS:
Prospective institutional database between 07/01/2018 and 12/31/2021.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
The primary outcome was acute kidney injury defined as increase in creatinine ≥ 0. 3mg/dL (Definition#1) and 1.5-fold increase in creatinine (Definition#2) within 48 hours postoperatively.

RESULTS:
There were 410 patients in the study population – 310 patients in the stent group and 100 in the no-stent group. There were 8 operative ureteral injuries, 4 (1.29%) in the stent group and 4 (4.0%) in the no-stent group (p = 0.103). Unadjusted analysis revealed no significant difference in acute kidney injury between groups. After adjustment, there was still no significant difference in acute kidney injury between groups when defined as Definition#1 (no-stent 23.76% vs stent 26.19%, p = 0.745) and by Definition#2 (no-stent 15.86% vs stent 14.8%, p = 0.867). Subgroup analysis showed that lighted stents were associated with significantly more acute kidney injury than no-stent patients when defined as Definition#1 (p = 0.017) but not when defined as Definition#2 (p = 0.311).

LIMITATIONS:
Single institution results may not be generalizable.

CONCLUSION:
Prophylactic ureteral stenting does not increase the risk of acute kidney injury for patients undergoing enhanced recovery colorectal surgery, though caution and further study may be warranted for lighted stents. Studies further examining contrasting roles of ureter stenting and imaging in open and minimally invasive colorectal surgery are warranted.
Cervical preparation for second-trimester procedural abortion
Authors: Fraz Farsam , Liu Serena M. , Shaw Kate A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
To review the evidence-informed options for cervical preparation prior to second-trimester dilation and evacuation (D&E).

Recent findings
As abortion restrictions increase and the number of abortion clinics and providers decreases, pregnant people are facing more barriers to abortion access. Those in need are now often required to travel for second-trimester abortion care, only to be faced with additional restrictions, such as mandatory waiting periods. Cervical preparation is recommended prior to D&E and takes time for effect. Given the increasing time required to obtain an abortion, patients and providers may prefer same-day cervical preparation to decrease the total time required. Options for same-day cervical preparation include misoprostol alone with single or serial doses, and misoprostol combined with osmotic dilators or transcervical balloon (Foley catheter). Same-day preparation may require additional clinical space to accommodate people after initiation of cervical preparation to manage side-effects and timing of the abortion. Overnight options are also used and more frequently later in the second trimester. Overnight options include mifepristone, osmotic dilators, and transcervical balloon and are often combined with same-day misoprostol. Medication alone preparation is well tolerated and effective in the second trimester, with the addition of mechanical methods with advancing gestation. With many options and combinations being safe and effective, providers can be dynamic and alter approach with supply shortages, adjust to different clinical settings, consider patient medical and surgical factors, and accommodate provider and patient preferences.

Summary
Multiple pharmacologic and mechanical options have been shown to be safe and effective for cervical preparation prior to D&E. Consideration for multiple factors should influence the method of cervical preparation and methods may vary by patient, provider and setting.
Evaluation of Intraoperative Anastomotic Patency with Angiography in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Bombardelli Joao , Farhat Souha , De La Fuente Hagopian Alexa , Hua Jack , Schusterman Mark Asher , Echo Anthony 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Microsurgical breast reconstruction is one of the most challenging, yet rewarding procedures performed by plastic surgeons. Several measures are taken to ensure safe elevation of the flap, preparation of recipient vessels, microvascular anastomosis, and flap inset. Reestablishing proper blood flow to the flap tissue after microvascular anastomosis is one of many critical steps for surgical success. Several measures to assess blood flow to the flap have been used; however, the use of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of the anastomosis in breast reconstruction has not been well documented. We present a series using ICGA for the evaluation of microvascular anastomosis success in breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Cases from patients who underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction between March 2022 and January 2023 and who had intraoperative ICGA were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the intraoperative findings on ICGA to flap success.

Results:
Sixteen patients underwent bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction with intraoperative ICGA of the microvascular anastomosis, constituting 32 deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps. The ICGA demonstrated return of blood flow in all the flaps after microvascular anastomosis and no flap loss in our sample population. Nine flaps required additional drainage using the superficial inferior epigastric vein, and the superficial circumflex vein was used for additional drainage in one of the flaps.

Conclusions:
The use of intraoperative ICGA provides reliable visual feedback regarding the patency and direction of the blood flow through the microvascular anastomosed vessels. ICGA can be used as an additional tool in the plastic surgeon’s armamentarium for successful breast reconstruction.
The role of the dually certified primary care/psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner in treating high-needs/high-cost patients
Authors: Judge-Ellis Teresa (Tess) , Gentil-Archer Anne , Achenbach Andrea , Dehner Hannah , Kelleher Kassiani , Buckwalter Kathleen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
National nursing organizations have called for nurses to provide leadership in care solutions for high-cost/high-needs vulnerable populations. In response to this call, important modifications are emerging in Doctor of Nursing Practice programs, including an increasing number of nurses pursuing dual certification in primary care and psychiatric mental health or primary care nurse practitioners returning for a postgraduate certificate in psychiatric mental health. This innovative role warrants examination, particularly because it relates to high-needs/high-cost patients such as those with serious mental illness (SMI). This article highlights two aspects of the role of the primary care/psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PC/PMHNP): one, to provide a vision of the PC/PMHNP as a unique solution for optimal care of vulnerable patients and two, to demonstrate potential contributions of the PC/PMHNP to the larger health care system. A case exemplar is used to illustrate role contributions of the PC/PMHNP in a high-needs/high-cost patient with SMI and complex co-occurring physical illness. Three capacities of the PC/PMHNP are discussed: depth and breath, expert engagement and rapport building, and full patient-centered care and flexibility. The case exemplar emphasizes the PC/PMHNP value through transitions across care settings and where gaps in service frequently occur. The impact of the PC/PMHNP on improved patient outcomes, patient and provider satisfaction, and cost savings are explored.
Pathophysiology and pharmacology course grades and prediction of success in a graduate nurse practitioner program
Authors: Courtney Maureen (Reni) , Gonzalez John , Cipher Daisha , Lewis Deborah , Jarrell Lynda 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
During a program review, faculty identified that nurse practitioner (NP) students who received a C grade in Advanced Pathophysiology (Patho) and Advanced Pharmacology (Pharm) appeared to perform poorly in the later NP management courses and on other program outcomes.

Purpose:
The research aimed to determine whether grades in graduate Patho and Pharm courses could predict performance in NP management courses, program progression and completion, and certification pass rates.

Methodology:
This research included deidentified student data from 2016 to 2018 across seven NP specialty tracks (n = 4,575). Nonparametric and parametric tests were used in the analysis.

Results:
A significant correlation (p < .001) existed between Patho and Pharm grades. Lower grades in these two courses were significantly related to each other and to lower management course grades. Logistic regression showed that graduate pathophysiology grades significantly predicted certification examination performance, with lower grades associated with lower certification examination performance. Graduate pharmacology grades, pathophysiology grades, composite management course grades, and admission grade point average (GPA) significantly predicted final cumulative GPA, with lower grades associated with lower performance for all variables.

Conclusions:
Results of this research support the hypothesis that grades of C in Patho or Pharm courses significantly predict C performance in the management NP courses and lower certification success rates.

Implications:
The project model can be used in future research. Study findings can be helpful to NP faculty when considering curriculum decisions.
Screening for hypertension in adults – the use of tonometric blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Hornstrup Bodil G. , Rosenbæk Jeppe B. , Hoffmann-Petersen Nikolai , Bech Jesper N. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Arterial hypertension increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Reliable screening tools for diagnosing hypertension are important to ensure correct risk stratification of subjects. In this study, we aimed to analyse if a wrist-worn device using a tonometric technique for measuring of 24-hour blood pressure could be used to diagnose hypertension and non-dipping. A conventional device using oscillometric measurements was used as golden standard. Secondary aim was to compare the degree of discomfort related to monitoring with the two devices.

Methods
In 89 subjects with a history of normal blood pressure and naive to ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), 24-hour ABPM was measured simultaneously with A&D TM2430 (oscillometric technique) and BPro (tonometric technique).

Results
When comparing measurements from the two devices, we found that the tonometric device misclassified 46% of hypertensive subjects and 69% of non-dippers. The tonometric device measured significantly lower systolic 24-hour and daytime blood pressure. The subjects reported less discomfort related to the tonometric than the oscillometric device.

Conclusion
Despite less discomfort related to usage of the tonometric device for 24-hour blood pressure monitoring compared to an oscillometric device, misclassification of hypertension and non-dipping makes the tonometric device inappropriate as a screening instrument.