bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A convolutional attention mapping deep neural network for classification and localization of cardiomegaly on chest X-rays
Authors: Innat Mohammed , Hossain Md. Faruque , Mader Kevin , Kouzani Abbas Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBuilding a reliable and precise model for disease classification and identifying abnormal sites can provide physicians assistance in their decision-making process. Deep learning based image analysis is a promising technique for enriching the decision making process, and accordingly strengthening patient care. This work presents a convolutional attention mapping deep learning model, Cardio-XAttentionNet, to classify and localize cardiomegaly effectively. We revisit the global average pooling (GAP) system and add a weighting term to develop a light and effective Attention Mapping Mechanism (AMM). The model enables the classification of cardiomegaly from chest X-rays through image-level classification and pixel-level localization only from image-level labels. We leverage some of the advanced ConvNet architectures as a backbone-model of the proposed attention mapping network to build Cardio-XAttentionNet. The proposed model is trained on ChestX-Ray14, which is a publicly accessible chest X-ray dataset. The best single model achieves an overall precision, recall, F-1 measure and area under curve (AUC) scores of 0.87, 0.85, 0.86 and 0.89, respectively, for the classification of the cardiomegaly. The results also demonstrate that the Cardio-XAttentionNet model well captures the cardiomegaly class information at image-level as well as localization at pixel-level on chest x-rays. A comparative analysis between the proposed AMM and existing GAP based models shows that the proposed model achieves a state-of-the-art performance on this dataset for cardiomegaly detection using a single model.
A whole-brain model of the neural entropy increase elicited by psychedelic drugs
Authors: Herzog Rubén , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Rosas Fernando E. , Lodder Paul , Carhart-Harris Robin , Perl Yonatan Sanz , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Cofre Rodrigo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPsychedelic drugs, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other agonists of the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A-R), induce drastic changes in subjective experience, and provide a unique opportunity to study the neurobiological basis of consciousness. One of the most notable neurophysiological signatures of psychedelics, increased entropy in spontaneous neural activity, is thought to be of relevance to the psychedelic experience, mediating both acute alterations in consciousness and long-term effects. However, no clear mechanistic explanation for this entropy increase has been put forward so far. We sought to do this here by building upon a recent whole-brain model of serotonergic neuromodulation, to study the entropic effects of 5HT2A-R activation. Our results reproduce the overall entropy increase observed in previous experiments in vivo, providing the first model-based explanation for this phenomenon. We also found that entropy changes were not uniform across the brain: entropy increased in all regions, but the larger effect were localised in visuo-occipital regions. Interestingly, at the whole-brain level, this reconfiguration was not well explained by 5HT2A-R density, but related closely to the topological properties of the brain’s anatomical connectivity. These results help us understand the mechanisms underlying the psychedelic state and, more generally, the pharmacological modulation of whole-brain activity.
Effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on heart rate variability during night
Authors: Schlagintweit Julia , Laharnar Naima , Glos Martin , Zemann Maria , Demin Artem V. , Lederer Katharina , Penzel Thomas , Fietze Ingo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe developed a cross-over study design with two interventions in randomized order to compare the effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on cardiac autonomic tone. Twenty male subjects (40.6 ± 7.5 years old) underwent overnight polysomnography during 2 weeks, each week containing one undisturbed baseline night, one intervention night (either sleep restriction with 5 h of sleep or sleep fragmentation with awakening every hour) and two undisturbed recovery nights. Parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were used to assess cardiac autonomic modulation during the nights. Sleep restriction showed significant higher heart rate (p = 0.018) and lower HRV-pNN50 (p = 0.012) during sleep stage N1 and lower HRV-SDNN (p = 0.009) during wakefulness compared to the respective baseline. For HR and SDNN there were recovery effects. There was no significant difference comparing fragmentation night and its baseline. Comparing both intervention nights, sleep restriction had lower HRV high frequency (HF) components in stage N1 (p = 0.018) and stage N2 (p = 0.012), lower HRV low frequency (LF) (p = 0.007) regarding the entire night and lower SDNN (p = 0.033) during WASO during sleep. Sleep restriction increases sympathetic tone and decreases vagal tone during night causing increased autonomic stress, while fragmented sleep does not affect cardiac autonomic parameters in our sample.
Effective index model as a reliable tool for the design of nanostructured thin-film solar cells
Authors: Sánchez P. A. , Esteban O. , Elshorbagy M. H. , Cuadrado A. , Alda J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanostructured anti-reflection coatings (ARC) are used to reduce the reflectivity of the front surface of solar cells. Computational electromagnetism helps to evaluate the spectral reflectivity of of this type of ARC using several approaches. They typically require large computational resources both in time and hardware elements (memory allocation, speed of processors, etc.). Long computational times may jeopardize optimization processes based on the iterative evaluation of a given merit function that depends on several parameters. Then, simplified analytic methods can speed up this evaluation with moderate computational resources. In this contribution we adapt an Effective Index Model (EIM) to the case of the design of an ARC made with nanoparticles (NP) embedded in a medium at the front surface of a thin-film silicon solar cell. Our approach modifies the discrete dipole approximation method to adapt it to the geometric and material properties of the NPs. The results obtained from the analytic method are compared with those evaluated through a Finite Element Method (FEM) for several cases involving variations in the size and geometry of the NP arrangement, obtaining reflectances that differ less than 10$$\%$$
%
for the worst case analyzed but bieng about 100 times faster than the FEM.
Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
Authors: Sardouei-Nasab Somayeh , Nemati Zahra , Mohammadi-Nejad Ghasem , Haghi Reza , Blattner Frank R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius, Asteraceae) is a source of high-quality edible oil growing in moisture-limited environments. Despite its economic importance, the relationships to close wild species in Carthamus and the presence and relationships of ecotypes within safflower are still not fully clarified. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing to identify the wild progenitor of C. tinctorius, infer phylogenetic relationship within the series Carthamus and identify groups of closely related lineages within cultivated safflower. Phylogenetic and population genomic analyses found C. palaestinus to be the closest relative and single progenitor of C. tinctorius, which confirms the Levant as the area of domestication of the crop. Flow cytometry showed all analyzed samples of C. oxyacantha, C. palaestinus and C. tinctorius to be diploid (2n = 2x = 24) with 2C genome sizes of 2.4–2.7 pg. Analyses of a set of 114 worldwide distributed safflower accessions arrived at two to five genetic groups, which showed, however, no correlation with the geographic origins of these accessions. From this, we conclude that the trade of safflower seeds resulted in multiple introductions of genotypes from the Levant into other areas with suitable climate conditions for the plant, as well as exchange of genotypes among these areas.
Predicting the need for intubation within 3 h in the neonatal intensive care unit using a multimodal deep neural network
Authors: Im Jueng-Eun , Park Seung , Kim Yoo-Jin , Yoon Shin Ae , Lee Ji Hyuk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRespiratory distress is a common chief complaint in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite the increasing use of non-invasive ventilation in neonates with respiratory difficulty, some of them require advanced airway support. Delayed intubation is associated with increased morbidity, particularly in urgent unplanned cases. Early and accurate prediction of the need for intubation may provide more time for preparation and increase safety margins by avoiding the late intubation at high-risk infants. This study aimed to predict the need for intubation within 3 h in neonates initially managed with non-invasive ventilation for respiratory distress during the first 48 h of life using a multimodal deep neural network. We developed a multimodal deep neural network model to simultaneously analyze four time-series data collected at 1-h intervals and 19 variables including demographic, physiological and laboratory parameters. Evaluating the dataset of 128 neonates with respiratory distress who underwent non-invasive ventilation, our model achieved an area under the curve of 0.917, sensitivity of 85.2%, and specificity of 89.2%. These findings demonstrate promising results for the multimodal model in predicting neonatal intubation within 3 h.
IKKα inhibition re-sensitizes acquired adriamycin-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis
Authors: Liao Jian , Qin Qing-hong , Lv Fa-you , Huang Zhen , Lian Bin , Wei Chang-yuan , Mo Qin-guo , Tan Qi-xing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIKKα has been shown to be responsible of multiple pro-tumorigenic functions and therapy resistance independent of canonical NF-κB, but its role in acquired chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer remains unclarified. In this study, we obtained pre-treatment biopsy and post-treatment mastectomy specimens from a retrospective cohort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) (n = 43). Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of IKKα before and after NAC, and the relationship between IKKα and the pathologic response to NAC was examined. In addition, we developed a new ADR-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line(MDA-MB-231/ADR) and analyzed these cells for changes in IKKα expression, the role and mechanisms of the increased IKKα in promoting drug resistance were determined in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that the expression of IKKα in residual TNBC tissues after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy, and was positively correlated with lower pathological reaction. IKKα expression was significantly higher in ADR-resistant TNBC cells than in ADR-sensitive cells, IKKα knockdown results in apoptotic cell death of chemoresistant cells upon drug treatment. Moreover, IKKα knockdown promotes chemotherapeutic drug-induced tumor cell death in an transplanted tumor mouse model. Functionally, we demonstrated that IKKα knockdown significantly upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 upon ADR treatment. Our findings highlighted that IKKα exerts an important and previously unknown role in promoting chemoresistance in TNBC, combining IKKα inhibition with chemotherapy may be an effective strategy to improve treatment outcome in chemoresistant TNBC patients.
Effect of drill quality on biological damage in bone drilling
Authors: Alam Khurshid , Qamar Sayyad Zahid , Iqbal Muhammad , Piya Sujan , Al-Kindi Mahmood , Qureshi Asim , Al-Ghaithi Ahmed , Al-Sumri Badar , Silberschmidt Vadim V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBone drilling is a universal procedure in orthopaedics for fracture fixation, installing implants, or reconstructive surgery. Surgical drills are subjected to wear caused by their repeated use, thermal fatigue, irrigation with saline solution, and sterilization process. Wear of the cutting edges of a drill bit (worn drill) is detrimental for bone tissues and can seriously affect its performance. The aim of this study is to move closer to minimally invasive surgical procedures in bones by investigating the effect of wear of surgical drill bits on their performance. The surface quality of the drill was found to influence the bone temperature, the axial force, the torque and the extent of biological damage around the drilling region. Worn drill produced heat above the threshold level related to thermal necrosis at a depth equal to the wall thickness of an adult human bone. Statistical analysis showed that a sharp drill bit, in combination with a medium drilling speed and drilling at shallow depth, was favourable for safe drilling in bone. This study also suggests the further research on establishing a relationship between surface integrity of a surgical drill bit and irreversible damage that it can induce in delicate tissues of bone using different drill sizes as well as drilling parameters and conditions.
Detecting downhole vibrations through drilling horizontal sections: machine learning study
Authors: Saadeldin Ramy , Gamal Hany , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the drilling operations and because of the harsh downhole drilling environment, the drill string suffered from downhole vibrations that affect the drilling operation and equipment. This problem is greatly affecting the downhole tools (wear and tear), hole problems (wash-out), mechanical energy loss, and ineffective drilling performance. Extra non-productive time to address these complications during the operation, and hence, extra cost. Detecting the drillstring vibrations during drilling through the downhole sensors is costly due to the extra service and downhole sensors. Currently, the new-technology-based solutions are providing huge capabilities to deal intelligently with the data, and machine learning applications provide high computational competencies to learn and correlate the parameters for technical complex problems. This research presented a successful case study for developing machine learning models through a comprehensive methodology process for vibration detection using surface rig data through data collection, preprocessing, analytics, training and optimizing the models’ parameters, and evaluating the performance to have the best prediction results. Evaluating the models’ performance showed that obtained predictions have a great match with actual measurements for the different stages of training, testing, and even during models’ validation with unseen well data. Real-field horizontal drilling data was utilized to feed and train the models through different tools named radial basis function (RBF), support vector machines (SVMs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and functional networks (FN) to auto-detect the three types of downhole vibrations (axial, torsional, and lateral). The study results showed a high correlation coefficient (higher than 0.9) and technically accepted average absolute percentage error (below 7.5%) between actual readings and predictions of the developed ML models. The study outcomes will add to the automation process of drilling operations to avoid many tools failure by comparing predicted vibrations versus downhole tools limits such as red zone and continuing drilling without interruption to the well total depth especially while drilling horizontal sections.
Effect of Bamboo biochar on strength and water retention properties of low plastic clay and silty sand
Authors: Yadav Shailesh Kumar , Bag Ramakrishna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiochar is a carbon-rich stable product derived from the thermochemical decomposition of biomass. The properties of biochar vary with types of feedstock, heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, etc. Consequently, the mechanical and hydrological properties of biochar amended soil (BAS) also differ with types of biochar and soils. However, the effect of bamboo biochar (BB) amendment on soil strength and water retention properties is missing in the previous literature. Bamboo biomass was pyrolysed at 600 °C to produce biochar. BB and soils (low plastic clay (CL) and silty sand (SM)) were mixed to prepare BAS. The samples were prepared by mixing BB in five ratios, i.e., 0%, 1%, 2%, 3.5% and 5% of dry soil weight. The biochar application has increased optimum moisture content, alkalinity (pH) and Atterberg limits, whereas, reduced maximum dry density and specific gravity of both the soils (CL and SM). The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CL soil was noted to increase by 10.5% with 2% biochar content and decreased after that, whereas the UCS of SM soil was found to decrease continuously with the biochar content increment. Therefore, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) result showed that biochar application has contrary effects on both soils. The measured gravimetric water content (GWC) of BAS was increased with biochar increment in both soils. However, GWC increased more in CL than in SM soil at the same biochar content. The microstructural analysis showed that the biochar amendment filled the pore space of the soil matrix, resulting in an increase in UCS and GWC values. The increased water retention capacity and strength (UCS) of biochar amended CL soil provides evidence that it could be used as a landfill cover material.
Differential impact of transfusion guidelines on blood transfusion practices within a health network
Authors: Balafas Spyros , Gagliano Vanessa , Di Serio Clelia , Guidugli Giuglia Andrea , Saporito Andrea , Gabutti Luca , Ferrari Paolo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhether clinical practice guidelines have a significant impact on practice is unclear. The effect of guideline recommendations on clinical practice often a lags behind the date of publication. We evaluated by means of a data-driven approach if and when the guidelines on red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs) issued by Swiss Smarter Medicine in 2016 had an impact on RBCTs practice within a hospital network, where awareness of guidelines was promoted mainly among internal medicine specialties. Data on RBCTs performed in a Swiss hospital network from January 2014 to April 2021 were analyzed by hospital site and specialty to assess whether guidelines led to a decrease in inappropriate RBCTs. RBCTs were defined as “inappropriate” if patients had a hemoglobin level ≥ 70 g/L without or ≥ 80 g/L with significant cardiovascular comorbidities. Changes in the rate of inappropriate transfusions were analyzed with an advanced statistical approach that included generalized additive models. Overall prior to March 2017 there were more inappropriate than appropriate RBCTs, but after October 2017 the opposite could be observed. A change-point in the time trend was estimated from transfusion data to occur in the time interval between March and October 2017. This change was mainly driven by practice changes in the medical wards, while no significant change was observed in the critical care, surgical and oncology wards. Change in practice varied by hospital site. In conclusion, our results show that a significant change in the RBCTs practice at the hospital level occurred approximately 18 months after national guidelines were issued.
Introduction and comparision of three different fixation methods in the suprahepatic space in laparoscopy-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus
Authors: Ding Qian , Wang Jinchao , Fan Haitao , Jiang Wanli , Guo Hua , Ji Hongsheng , Song Tao , Xu Shangchen , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVentriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement is the standard procedure in the management of hydrocephalus. The introduction of laparoscopy allows better visualization during the operation and a more reliable placement of the peritoneal terminal of the catheter, which significantly decreases postoperative obstruction and malposition rates. However, the fixation methods of the peritoneal terminal of the catheter have not been previously discussed. The indications, techniques, and complications were compared between conventional VPS and laparoscopy-guided VPS. Furthermore, same analyses were performed within the laparoscopy-guided VPS group subdivided by three different techniques of the fixation of the peritoneal terminal of catheter, including suture and ligature, titanium clip fixation, and subcutaneous fixation. A total of 137 patients with hydrocephalus who received VPS treatment was retrospectively studied, 85 of which were laparoscopy-guided, and 52 were not. The distal ends of the catheters were all placed in the suprahepatic space. At least one year (mean 28.6 months) follow-up was given postoperatively. The average duration of the whole operation was 45 min for suture and ligature, 40 min for titanium clip fixation, and 30 min for the subcutaneous fixation, respectively. Six patients (4.4%) had obstructive of the ventricular catheter in total. The success rates for the laparoscopy-assisted VPS procedure and the conventional VPS procedure were 87.1% (74/85) and 80.8% (42/52), respectively. Within subgroups of the laparoscopy-assisted VPS divided by fixation methods, the procedures were successful in 85.2% (23/27) of suture and ligation, 82.1% (23/28) of titanium clip fixation, and 93.3% (28/30) of subcutaneous fixation, respectively. Two patients had dislocated shunt tube in peritoneal end in laparoscopy group, all in the titanium clip fixation subgroups. The laparoscopy-assisted VPS insertion is an ideal shunt method for its effectiveness and lesser complication rate after operation. The subcutaneous fixation method of the peritoneal terminal of catheter might be the optimal fixation technique.
Dirhodium: carbene transformations and beyond
Authors: Wu Rui , Zhu Dong , Zhu Shifa 
Published: April 2023

Dirhodium-catalyzed transformations, not limited to carbene and nitrene transfer reactions, are reviewed, including cycloisomerization, hetero-Diels–Alder (HDA) reactions, ene reactions, arylation, radical oxidation reactions and C–H activation, etc.
Pole shape design of ring winding axial flux permanent magnet used in a direct‐drive electric boat for cost‐efficient cogging torque alleviation
Authors: Gharehseyed Saber , Vahedi Abolfazl , Darjazini Amir , Nobahari Amin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe recently introduced Ring Winding Axial Flux Permanent magnet Motor (RW‐AFPM) is inspired by the yokeless structure of Yokeless and Segmented Armature (YASA) AFPMs and the partitioned‐phases configuration of transverse flux motors. Its potential application for rim‐driven electric ships propulsion has been examined in the previous studies and, here, it will be studied for ultra‐light direct‐drive electric boats. Owing to their specific structural features, the relatively large cogging torque of RW‐AFPMs seems to be a significant challenge for such applications. On the other hand, as investigated in previous studies, cogging torque reduction methods, such as conventional skewing, seem unsuitable for this type of machine. Thus, this paper will address the cogging torque issue via a comprehensive pole shape analysis. The results will be useful for all kinds of partitioned‐phases topologies that have high specific torque capability but suffer from large cogging effects. All analyses are performed via 3D‐FE models, the accuracy of which is pre‐verified through experiments.