bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counselling behavioural interventions for HIV, STI and viral hepatitis among key populations: a systematic review of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies
Authors: Kennedy Caitlin E. , Yeh Ping Teresa , Verster Annette , Luhmann Niklas , Konath Nabeel Mangadan , Mello Maeve Brito de , Baggaley Rachel , Macdonald Virginia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionKey populations (sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, people in prisons and other closed settings, and trans and gender diverse individuals) are disproportionately affected by HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and viral hepatitis (VH). Counselling behavioural interventions are widely used, but their impact on HIV/STI/VH acquisition is unclear.MethodsTo inform World Health Organization guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies about counselling behavioural interventions with key populations. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and EMBASE for studies published between January 2010 and December 2022; screened abstracts; and extracted data in duplicate. The effectiveness review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with HIV/STI/VH incidence outcomes; secondary review outcomes of unprotected sex, needle/syringe sharing and mortality were captured if studies also included primary review outcomes. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, generated pooled risk ratios through random effects meta‐analysis and summarized findings in GRADE evidence profiles. Values and preferences and cost data were summarized descriptively.ResultsWe identified nine effectiveness, two values and preferences, and two cost articles. Meta‐analysis of six RCTs showed no statistically significant effect of counselling behavioural interventions on HIV incidence (1280 participants; combined risk ratio [RR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–1.20) or STI incidence (3783 participants; RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.74–1.31). One RCT with 139 participants showed possible effects on hepatitis C virus incidence. There was no effect on secondary review outcomes of unprotected (condomless) sex (seven RCTs; 1811 participants; RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66–1.02) and needle/syringe sharing (two RCTs; 564 participants; RR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.32–1.63). There was moderate certainty in the lack of effect across outcomes. Two values and preferences studies found that participants liked specific counselling behavioural interventions. Two cost studies found reasonable intervention costs.DiscussionEvidence was limited and mostly on HIV, but showed no effect of counselling behavioural interventions on HIV/VH/STI incidence among key populations.ConclusionsWhile there may be other benefits, the choice to provide counselling behavioural interventions for key populations should be made with an understanding of the potential limitations on incidence outcomes.
Preferences and acceptability for long‐acting PrEP agents among pregnant and postpartum women with experience using daily oral PrEP in South Africa and Kenya
Authors: Wara Nafisa J. , Mvududu Rufaro , Marwa Mary M. , Gómez Laurén , Mashele Nyiko , Orrell Catherine , Moucheraud Corrina , Kinuthia John , John‐Stewart Grace , Myer Landon , Hoffman Risa , Pintye Jillian , Davey Dvora L. Joseph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLong‐acting pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options could overcome barriers to oral PrEP persistence during pregnancy and postpartum. We evaluated long‐acting PrEP preferences among oral PrEP‐experienced pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa and Kenya, countries with high PrEP coverage with pending regulatory approvals for long‐acting injectable cabotegravir and the dapivirine vaginal ring (approved in South Africa, under review in Kenya).MethodsFrom September 2021 to February 2022, we surveyed pregnant and postpartum women enrolled in oral PrEP studies in South Africa and Kenya. We evaluated oral PrEP attitudes and preferences for long‐acting PrEP methods in multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for maternal age and country.ResultsWe surveyed 190 women in South Africa (67% postpartum; median age 27 years [IQR = 22–32]) and 204 women in Kenya (79% postpartum; median age 29 years [IQR = 25–33]). Seventy‐five percent of participants reported oral PrEP use within the last 30 days. Overall, forty‐nine percent of participants reported negative oral PrEP attributes, including side effects (21% South Africa, 30% Kenya) and pill burden (20% South Africa, 25% Kenya). Preferred PrEP attributes included long‐acting method, effectiveness, safety while pregnant and breastfeeding, and free medication. Most participants (75%, South Africa and Kenya) preferred a potential long‐acting injectable over oral PrEP, most frequently for a longer duration of effectiveness in South Africa (87% South Africa, 42% Kenya) versus discretion in Kenya (5% South Africa, 49% Kenya). Eighty‐seven percent of participants preferred oral PrEP over a potential long‐acting vaginal ring, mostly due to concern about possible discomfort with vaginal insertion (82% South Africa, 48% Kenya). Significant predictors of long‐acting PrEP preference included past use of injectable contraceptive (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.57), disliking at least one oral PrEP attribute (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.80) and preferring infrequent PrEP use (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.94, 2.65).ConclusionsOral PrEP‐experienced pregnant and postpartum women expressed a theoretical preference for long‐acting injectable PrEP over other modalities, demonstrating potential acceptability among a key population who must be at the forefront of injectable PrEP rollout. Reasons for PrEP preferences differed by country, emphasizing the importance of increasing context‐specific options and choice of PrEP modalities for pregnant and postpartum women.
Factors associated with mobile app‐based ordering of HIV self‐test kits among men who have sex with men in Atlanta, Detroit and New York City: an exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized control trial
Authors: Mancuso Noah , Mansergh Gordon , Stephenson Rob , Horvath Keith J. , Hirshfield Sabina , Bauermeister Jose A. , Chiasson Mary Ann , Downing Martin J. , Sullivan Patrick S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently recommends HIV screening at least annually among sexually active gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), but only half report being tested in the past year in the United States. As HIV self‐test kits are becoming more available around the United States via web and app‐based interventions, it is important to understand who is willing and able to order them. This analysis sought to better understand predictors of free HIV self‐test kit utilization among MSM in M‐cubed, an HIV prevention mobile app intervention trial in Atlanta, Detroit and New York City.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of self‐report and in‐app data collected from the intervention arm of the M‐Cubed study from 24 January 2018 to 31 October 2019. Behavioural, demographic and other potential predictors of HIV self‐test ordering were identified from Social Cognitive Theoretical underpinnings of the app, and from the literature. Significant predictor variables in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in the empiric multivariable model. Demographic variables chosen a priori were then added to a final model estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR).ResultsOver half of the 417 intervention participants ordered an HIV self‐test kit during the study. In bivariate analyses, ordering a kit was associated with HIV testing history, plans to get tested and reported likelihood of getting tested. In the final model, participants were more likely to order a kit if they reported plans to get tested in the next 3 months (aPR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18–2.11) or had not tested for HIV in the past 3 months (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13–1.70). There was no difference in HIV self‐test kit ordering by income, race/ethnicity or age.ConclusionsHIV testing is an important tool in ending the HIV epidemic and must be accessible and frequent for key populations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of HIV self‐test kits in reaching populations with suboptimal testing rates and shows that self‐testing may supplement community‐based and clinical testing while helping overcome some of the structural barriers that limit access to annual HIV prevention services for MSM.
Poverty at a distance: Supply and demand side factors and the formation of civil society organizations in Iraq
Authors: Hamoudi Ali Bakir , Köppe Stephan , Winston Nessa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper contributes empirically to the international debate on the drivers for the formation of civil society organizations (CSOs) by testing three separate hypotheses: demand, supply and integration. To investigate this question, we analyse the CSO sector in Iraq, which transformed since 2003 from being implicitly banned to being a central pillar of poverty alleviation and social service provision with thousands of formally registered organizations. Using OLS regression analysis with district level and official register data, we examine the geographic distribution of CSOs in relation to poverty levels in Iraq. We find no significant confirmation for demand side drivers that social service providing CSOs form in high poverty districts. Instead, we find strong support for CSO formation in governorate administrative centres, which confirms supply‐side drivers of CSO development. However, we do find some support for a higher concentration of human rights‐based CSOs in high poverty areas. The findings raise important policy implications for the UN Sustainable Development Goal of no poverty in an Iraqi context and internationally, but also how to fund CSOs to meet the demands of the primary recipients.
IGF1 synthesis after CO2 fractional laser resurfacing (FLR): New insights in the treatment of scalp actinic keratoses
Authors: Trovato Emanuele , Fiorani Diletta , Cartocci Alessandra , Cinotti Elisa , Rubegni Pietro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesActinic keratosis have a high risk of progression to a squamous cell carcinoma. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 and its receptor play a relevant role in restoring repair of ultraviolet‐induced cell damage. This pathway is reduced in patients older than 65 years. Ablative fractional laser resurfacing could normalize insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) secretion in elderly by recruiting new fibroblasts. The aim of the study is to evaluate restoration of IGF1 values by PCR in senescent fibroblasts after ablative fractional laser resurfacing.MethodsWe enrolled 30 male patients with multiple actinic keratosis on the scalp, equally divided into two mirror areas of up to 50 cm2, treating only the right one. We performed one skin biopsy for each area 30 days after treatment. Real‐time PCR in fibroblasts was performed to assess the change in IGF1. At baseline and after 6 months, in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy examination was performed in all patients.ResultsIGF1 values were increased in the treated side by about 60%. The right areas had fairly complete resolution of actinic keratosis at the last follow‐up visit after 6 months with no appearance of new lesions. The mean number of actinic keratosis in the right area was reduced by more than 75% at four‐ and six‐follow‐up visits compared to the left area. The improvement in the right area was also evidenced by lower values of the mean AKASI (actinic keratosis area and severity index) score. Reflectance confocal microscopy showed a reduction of keratinocytic disarray and scales after treatment.DiscussionTaken together, all the clinical, laboratory, and in vivo results of our study allowed us to confirm that ablative fractional laser resurfacing is a valuable tool for the treatment of actinic keratosis and cancerization field, both for the management of clinically evident lesions and for preventing the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma.
KRAS mutations upregulate Runx1 to promote occurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Miao , Guo Jiaxin , Ling Zihang , Zhang Chi , He Lihong , Fan Zhaona , Cheng Bin , Xia Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGene mutations play an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by not only promoting the occurrence and progression of HNSCC but also affecting sensitivity to treatment and prognosis. KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, which has been reported to have a mutation rate from 1.7% to 12.7% and may lead to poor prognosis in HNSCC, but its role remains unclear. Here, we found that the KRAS mutation can promote HNSCC generation through synergism with 4‐Nitroquinoline‐1‐Oxide(4NQO). Mechanistically, KRAS mutations can significantly upregulate Runx1 to promote oral epithelial cell proliferation and migration and inhibit apoptosis. Runx1 inhibitor Ro 5‐3335 can effectively inhibit KRAS‐mutated HNSCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that the KRAS mutation plays an important role in HNSCC and that Runx1 may be a novel therapeutic target for KRAS‐mutated HNSCC.
An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4‐trioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes
Authors: Shukla Monika , Rathi Komal , Hassam Mohammad , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Karnatak Manvika , Rawat Varun , Verma Ved Prakash 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe demand for novel, fast‐acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre‐existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4‐trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide‐based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug‐resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4‐trioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight‐forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4‐trioxane‐based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4‐trioxane, 1,2,4‐trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963–December 2022).
Steps on the Path to Clinical Translation: A workshop by the British and Irish Chapter of the ISMRM
Authors: Hubbard Cristinacce Penny L. , Markus Julia E. , Punwani Shonit , Mills Rebecca , Lopez Maria Yanez , Grech‐Sollars Matthew , Fasano Fabrizio , Waterton John C. , Thrippleton Michael J. , Hall Matt G. , O'Connor James P. B. , Francis Susan T. , Statton Ben , Murphy Kevin , So Po‐Wah , Hyare Harpreet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe British and Irish Chapter of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (BIC‐ISMRM) held a workshop entitled “Steps on the path to clinical translation” in Cardiff, UK, on 7th September 2022. The aim of the workshop was to promote discussion within the MR community about the problems and potential solutions for translating quantitative MR (qMR) imaging and spectroscopic biomarkers into clinical application and drug studies. Invited speakers presented the perspectives of radiologists, radiographers, clinical physicists, vendors, imaging Contract/Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), open science networks, metrologists, imaging networks, and those developing consensus methods. A round‐table discussion was held in which workshop participants discussed a range of questions pertinent to clinical translation of qMR imaging and spectroscopic biomarkers. Each group summarized their findings via three main conclusions and three further questions. These questions were used as the basis of an online survey of the broader UK MR community.
Synthesis and Structure of Carbon‐doped TiO2 by Carbothermal Treatment
Authors: Eitel Dominik , Graml Johanna , Hoppe Julia , Kaliwoda Melanie , Hornfeck Markus , Helbig Uta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCarbon modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising candidate for catalytic applications or fuel cells, where the modified oxide could replace currently used catalyst support materials. Carbothermally treated TiO2 was successfully prepared by annealing under acetylene/nitrogen gas flow in a rotary tube furnace. The carbon content in the TiO2 samples ranged from 5 to 14.5 wt.‐% as determined by thermogravimetric measurements. The powders showed suppression of the phase transition from anatase to rutile up to a treatment temperature of 825°C. Above 600°C rutile is the thermodynamically stable phase, therefore the suppression must be attributed to either carbon in the lattice or the reducing atmosphere in the furnace. Raman spectra revealed the characteristic G and D bands, indicating the formation of carbonaceous species in the samples. In addition, a shift of the anatase Eg(1) band was observed indicating a lattice disorder pointing toward carbon incorporation into the lattice. Diffuse reflectance spectra show sub band gap absorption together with a shift of the absorption edge. Depending on the extraction method of band gaps from spectra, the band gap values show a decrease or increase with increasing carbon content. Details of the evaluation and interpretation of the spectra are discussed.
A unified numerical model for simulating heat transfer in flows past porous bodies
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhao Haibo , Huang Tao , Yu Peng , Shu Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA unified numerical model for simulating thermal flows past and through porous media whose thermal properties are identical with those of the surrounding fluid is proposed in this paper, which advances the work of the unified immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann flux solver (UIB‐LBFS). The proposed method greatly simplifies the conventional computation procedure for thermal flows past porous bodies by unifying the governing equations for the flow and temperature fields in both the porous and fluid domains. This is achieved by introducing a diffuse layer, across which the variation of the flow properties including its thermal features are expected to be smooth. Also, the developed method can be applied on either uniform or nonuniform grid since the numerical fluxes are locally reconstructed by LBFS at cell interfaces. In addition, the boundary conditions for both the flow and temperature fields at the porous‐fluid interface with complex shape can be implemented through IBM in a simple way. The proposed method is validated by several numerical examples over wide ranges of thermal parameters from forced convection to mixed convection. Excellent agreements are obtained for all simulations, including the one with severe temperature gradient in the thin temperature boundary layer at , which demonstrates the capabilities of the proposed method.
Diabetes self‐management and its related factors among Chinese young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: He Qiao , Liu Yu , Lin Keke , Zhao Fang , Guo Hong , Shen Yina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the status quo of self‐management among young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the determinants of self‐management under the guidance of social cognitive theory.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsIn total, 227 young adults (18–44 years old) with T2DM at two hospitals in Beijing completed the questionnaires. The Summary of Diabetes Self‐care Activities (SDSCA) was used, along with additional questionnaires about diabetes self‐efficacy, attitude, diabetes distress, diabetes knowledge, coping styles and social support. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the related factors of self‐management among the young patients.ResultsThe scores for the SDSCA in diet, exercise, blood‐glucose testing, foot care and medication taking were (4.16 ± 1.51), (3.46 ± 2.50), (2.28 ± 2.24), (1.08 ± 1.84) and (6.09 ± 1.88), respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that fasting blood‐glucose value was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours of diet, exercise, blood‐glucose testing and medication taking. Self‐efficacy was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours of diet, exercise and foot care. Diabetes distress, diabetes‐related social activity, confrontation, education, duration of T2DM, treatment modalities and diabetes knowledge were associated with the one or two dimensions of SDSCA in the young adults with T2DM.
Dapagliflozin prevents abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction in the insulin‐resistant canine model
Authors: Kabir Morvarid , Bergman Richard N. , Porter Jay , Stefanovski Darko , Paszkiewicz Rebecca L. , Piccinini Francesca , Woolcott Orison O. , Yang HsiuChiung , Gopaul V. Sashi , Stiles Linsey , Kolka Cathryn M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) promote urinary glucose excretion, induce weight loss, and reduce fat accumulation. The effects of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin (DAPA) on subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissue function remain unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate SC and VIS adipose tissue function in an insulin‐resistant canine model.MethodsA total of 12 dogs were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then were given a single low dose of streptozotocin (18.5 mg/kg) to induce insulin resistance. Animals were then randomized and exposed to DAPA (n = 6, 1.25 mg/kg) or placebo (n = 6) once per day for 6 weeks while remaining on the HFD.ResultsDAPA prevented further weight gain induced by the HFD and normalized fat mass. DAPA reduced fasting glucose and increased free fatty acids, adiponectin, and β‐hydroxybutyrate. DAPA reduced adipocyte diameter and cell distribution. Furthermore, DAPA increased genes associated with beiging, lipolysis, and adiponectin secretion and the expression of the adiponectin receptor ADR2, in SC and VIS adipose tissue. DAPA increased AMP‐activated protein kinase activity and maximal mitochondrial respiratory function, especially in the SC depot. Furthermore, DAPA reduced cytokines and ceramide synthesis enzymes in SC and VIS depots.ConclusionsFor the first time, to our knowledge, we identify mechanisms by which DAPA enhances adipose tissue function in regulating energy homeostasis in an insulin‐resistant canine model.