bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovativer Einsatz von Industrierobotern in einer teilautomatisierten Tübbingproduktion
Authors: Mayer Peter‐Michael , Wild Simon , Usel Kurt , Friedemann Wolf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the construction industry, increased efforts are being made to automate production processes using industrial robots in order to increase efficiency, improve quality and optimize the use of materials. Tunnel construction is particularly suitable for the use of modern production methods, as the increased use of machines and the high repetition factor of the components used make it possible to scale production technology across project boundaries. This paper provides examples of current developments in segment production, in particular the use of industrial robots in the prefabrication of reinforcement cages and subsequent concreting. Necessary adaptations in segment design are pointed out when welded reinforcement is used, and conceivable further developments are shown. The medium‐term goal is a continuous IT‐based production control system that allows short‐term adjustments to segment production, logistics and subsequent installation in the tunnel.
Nant de Drance pumped storage power plant – Energy storage to prevent energy shortages
Authors: Bertholet François , Raderbauer Bernd , Wyss Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Nant de Drance hydropower plant in the canton of Valais is one of the Swiss energy industry's largest construction projects of recent years. The core component is the underground pumped storage power plant. This pumps water from the existing Emosson reservoir at 1930 m asl to the upper Vieux Emossen reservoir at 2225 m asl, where the surplus energy is stored. When demand exceeds supply, water is released to generate electricity. The head ranges from 290 to 395 m, depending on the water levels. The new power plant, which took 14 years to build, has a pump and turbine capacity of 900 MW.The most important elements of the project were the access tunnel, pressure tunnels, vertical pressure shafts and underground machine and transformer halls, as well as the various access and service galleries, the intake and discharge structures with cofferdam, and the raising of the Vieux Emosson dam by 20 m. The ecologically sensitive use of resources is essential to ensure the success of a complex, high‐altitude construction project of this nature involving enormous quantities of material. Excavated rock, for example, has been processed on site to produce aggregate for concrete. In this case a high‐capacity aggregate production plant was installed on site to process the excavated material required for on‐site concrete production. This created a closed‐loop materials cycle which enabled the construction site to be self‐sufficient in terms of concrete production.The challenges of using excavated tunnel material as a resource are enormous.
Fast and accurate recurrent event analysis for genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Hof Jasper P. , Vermeulen Sita H. , Coolen Anthony C. C. , Galesloot Tessel E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany diseases recur after recovery, for example, recurrences in cancer and infections. However, research is often focused on analysing only time‐to‐first recurrence, thereby ignoring any subsequent recurrences that may occur after the first. Statistical models for the analysis of recurrent events are available, of which the extended Cox proportional hazards frailty model is the current state‐of‐the‐art. However, this model is too statistically complex for computationally efficient application in high‐dimensional data sets, including genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we develop an application for fast and accurate recurrent event analysis in GWAS, called SPARE (SaddlePoint Approximation for Recurrent Event analysis). In SPARE, every DNA variant is tested for association with recurrence risk using a modified score statistic. A saddlepoint approximation is implemented to achieve statistical accuracy. SPARE controls the Type I error, and its statistical power is similar to existing recurrent event models, yet SPARE is significantly faster. An application of SPARE in a recurrent event GWAS on bladder cancer for 6.2 million DNA variants in 1,443 individuals required less than 15 min, whereas existing recurrent event methods would require several weeks.
Synthesis and characterization of new homologue multinary selenides, M2Sb5Bi5Se17 (M = Sn, Pb)
Authors: Xiao Wan‐Zhen , Yang Chia‐Wei , Lee Chi‐Shen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNew quaternary selenides M2Sb5Bi5Se17 (M = Sn, Pb) were synthesized using solid‐state sintering reactions that crystallize in the monoclinic system with C2/m (No. 12) space group with lattice parameters a = 27.914(7) Å, b = 4.0804(11) Å, c = 15.512(4) Å, and β = 114.881(9)° for M = Sn, and a = 27.987(3) Å, b = 4.1062(5) Å, c = 15.6372(19) Å, and β = 115.318(3)° for M = Pb, respectively. The crystal structure is related to a homologous series [A+22x−4B+34 Se−22x−2][B+32y−2Se−23y−3] with (x, y) = (3, 4) that contains building units of two‐dimensional slabs of NaCl111‐type [Sb2Bi4Se11] separated by 1D ribbons NaCl100‐type [Pb2Sb3BiSe6]. The NaCl111 unit contains edge‐shared octahedra filled with Sb3+ and Bi3+ cations, which are parallel and overlapped to form a step‐layer 2D network stacking alone [001]. The NaCl100 type ribbons containing Pb2+ and Sb3+ in square or trigonal pyramidal environments with the general formula [M6Se6] filled in the space between 2D layers of NaCl111 units. The conductivity measurement revealed semiconducting property with band gaps of ~0.1 eV. Pb2Sb5Bi5Se17 exhibits low thermal conductivity 3,000 μW cm−1 K−1 in a temperature range of 300–480 K.
Model‐Based Investigation of Inadequate Efficacy of Tesnatilimab, an Anti–Natural Killer Group 2 Member D Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderately to Severely Active Crohn Disease
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xu Yan , Chen Yang , Shao Jie , Su Yaming , Xu Zhenhua , Zhou Honghui , O'Brien Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTesnatilimab is a human immunoglobulin G4 isotype monoclonal antibody that blocks the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and prevents the downstream signaling of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators. Subcutaneous tesnatilimab was investigated in a phase 2 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn disease (CD). While the proof‐of‐concept part I of the study demonstrated significant treatment effects, part II (dose‐ranging) revealed an unexpected lack of dose‐response and a modest degree of clinical benefit for treatment groups. To inform further drug development, population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling and exposure‐response (E‐R) analyses were planned and performed. A 1‐compartment PopPK model with first‐order absorption and parallel linear and nonlinear elimination pathways was established for tesnatilimab in patients with CD. No clinically significant covariates were identified, and overall consistent pharmacokinetics were observed between part I and part II patients. Receptor occupancy data suggested full occupancy of the peripheral blood natural killer group 2 member D receptors and target engagement at all tested dose levels. Pooled part I and part II data showed a positive efficacy E‐R relationship; however, this was driven by data from part I. Part II–only analysis did not show an apparent efficacy E‐R relationship. No important covariates were identified in efficacy E‐R analyses, overall, and in various subpopulations. No apparent E‐R relationships were observed for the investigated safety end points. The PopPK and E‐R analyses indicated that the inadequate efficacy of tesnatilimab in CD was unlikely due to insufficient drug exposure and target engagement.
Direct electrical stimulation impacts on neuromuscular junction morphology on both stimulated and unstimulated contralateral soleus
Authors: Lee Young il , Cacciani Nicola , Wen Ya , Zhang Xiang , Hedström Yvette , Thompson Wesley , Larsson Lars 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence of crosstalk between organs. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral chemical synapse whose function and morphology are sensitive to acetylcholine (ACh) release and muscle depolarization. In an attempt to improve our understanding of NMJ plasticity and muscle crosstalk, the effects of unilateral direct electrical stimulation of a hindlimb muscle on the NMJ were investigated in rats exposed long‐term post‐synaptic neuromuscular blockade.MethodsSprague Dawley rats were subjected to post‐synaptic blockade of neuromuscular transmission by systemic administration of α‐cobrotoxin and mechanically ventilated for up to 8 days and compared with untreated sham operated controls and animals exposed to unilateral chronic electrical stimulation 12 h/day for 5 or 8 days.ResultsNMJs produced axonal and glial sprouts (growth of processes that extend beyond the confines of the synapse defined by high‐density aggregates of acetylcholine receptors [AChRs]) in response to post‐synaptic neuromuscular blockade, but less than reported after peripheral denervation or pre‐synaptic blockade. Direct electrical soleus muscle stimulation reduced the terminal Schwann cell (tSC) and axonal sprouting in both stimulated and non‐stimulated contralateral soleus. Eight days chronic stimulation reduced (P < 0.001) the number of tSC sprouts on stimulated and non‐stimulated soleus from 6.7 ± 0.5 and 6.9 ± 0.5 sprouts per NMJ, respectively, compared with 10.3 ± 0.9 tSC per NMJ (P < 0.001) in non‐stimulated soleus from rats immobilized for 8 days. A similar reduction of axonal sprouts (P < 0.001) was observed in stimulated and non‐stimulated contralateral soleus in response to chronic electrical stimulation. RNAseq‐based gene expression analyses confirmed a restoring effect on both stimulated and unstimulated contralateral muscle. The cross‐over effect was paralleled by increased cytokine/chemokine levels in stimulated and contralateral unstimulated muscle as well as in plasma.ConclusionsMotor axon terminals and terminal Schwann cells at NMJs of rats subjected to post‐synaptic neuromuscular blockade exhibited sprouting responses. These axonal and glial responses were likely dampened by a muscle‐derived myokines released in an activity‐dependent manner with both local and systemic effects.
Characteristics of the tropical cyclones before making landfall in China
Authors: Xiaohao Qin , Jiawei Yao , Junya Hu , Chunxiang Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) before landfall deserve great concerns, which directly affect the following forecasts and alarm‐issuing. In 1949–2021, nearly 29% of the total number of TCs that originated over the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) made landfall in China. Of them, those from the WNP display a significantly lower (higher) ratio of making landfall over China (south China) in (the second year after) El Niño years. At 48 h before landfall, the TC centers display significant inter‐annual variations in zonal direction, but only those from the WNP additionally show significant inter‐decadal variations in meridional direction, which are probably attributed to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the large‐scale environment from both the ocean and the atmosphere. Once they move into a distance of ~660 km (~900 km) away from the south and southeast (east) coastlines of China, the probability of making landfall in the subsequent 24 h is increasing. In the 3 days before landfall, TCs show decreasing (increasing) uncertainty in translation speed (moving direction) as they moved close to the land, which is regardless of either the origination or the destination. In general, a moving direction of west‐northwestward dominates the majority of TCs if they originated from the WNP, which exhibits a clockwise rotation trend and tends to move faster as they approached the land. In comparison, those TCs originated from and stayed over the SCS show the largest uncertainty of moving direction and the most frequent abnormal tracks. For intensity (maximum wind speed), those originated from the WNP are generally stronger than those from the SCS. Their intensities vary in a range of −5 m s−1 to 5 m s−1 in each connective 6 h in the 3 days before landfall, of which the TCs made landfall in the east China display the largest uncertainty. In particular, great attention should be paid to the TCs originating from the WNP and approaching the southeast China in the future, in which the rapid intensification occurred with the most frequency but with a significantly lower occurrence in the second year after the El Niño years in the period investigated.
Black garlic melanoidins inhibit in vitro α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activity: the role of high‐molecular‐weight fluorescent compounds
Authors: Wu Jianfu , Wang Yijin , Li Shunqin , Wu Tao , Liu Rui , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack garlic (Allium sativum L.) melanoidins (MLDs) are produced by Maillard reaction under high temperature and high humidity, and has a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the structural characteristics and investigate α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase in vitro inhibitory activity of black garlic MLDs.RESULTSSpectroscopic and chemical analysis revealed that black garlic MLDs were heterogeneous macromolecular polymers with a skeletal structure similar to sugar chains. Molecular weight distribution and 3DEEM fluorescence showed that black garlic MLDs were composed of high‐molecular‐weight colorants with strong fluorescence properties. The polarity of black garlic MLDs was related to the fluorescence groups. The results of physicochemical properties proved that the polarity difference of black garlic MLDs was related to the elemental composition, resulting in differences in fluorescence, thermodynamic and apparent characteristics. MLDs with higher levels of fluorescent intensity (BG20 and BG40) had stronger inhibitory effects on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase than BGW, and hydrolysis of fluorescent groups attenuated the inhibitory activity. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of black garlic MLDs against enzymes was positively correlated with the concentration, and the kinetic results detected non‐competitive and mixed types of inhibition.CONCLUSIONHigh‐molecular‐weight fluorescent components of black garlic MLDs played a crucial role in the inhibitory activities of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, and the inhibitory ability was positively correlated with concentration. Black garlic MLDs had the potential to block postprandial glucose rise. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding Photomechanical Behavior of Liquid Crystalline‐Based Actuators
Authors: Lall Jasleen , Zappe Hans 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiquid crystalline‐based actuators containing azobenzene photoswitches have been used to demonstrate light‐responsive motion in soft actuator systems. Understanding the mechanical performance of these light‐responsive actuators as a function of the polymer chemistry as well as the nature and concentration of the photoswitches is crucial for developing advanced applications. A systematic study is presented here that clarifies the role of azobenzene photoswitches and the liquid crystalline networks in generating the desired photomechanical performance. Through measurement of photo stimulated mechanical behavior, in particular generated force and strain, a generalized set of guidelines concerning the appropriate subset of polymer chemistry and photoswitches required to achieve the desired performance for actuator design is derived.
Effect of perceived economic mobility and income on charitable behavior
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Sui Jiarui , Zhou Xinyue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the prevalence of declining economic mobility and its behavioral consequences, economic mobility has received surprisingly little attention in the marketing literature. Based on research showing that reducing social vigilance leads to more charitable behavior, we propose that higher (vs. lower) perceived economic mobility promotes more charitable behavior of lower‐income (vs. higher‐income) consumers by reducing their social vigilance. Four studies with multimethods provide converging evidence for these predictions. Furthermore, we show that reduced social vigilance mediates this effect, and we rule out the potential alternative explanations (i.e., current mood and sense of control). These results enhance our understanding of economic mobility and provide implications for nonprofit organizations to raise donations.
Flexible Ink‐Jet Printed Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes using a Self‐Hosted Non‐Conjugated TADF Polymer
Authors: Cole Cameron M. , Kunz Susanna V. , Baumann Thomas , Blinco James P. , Sonar Prashant , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Yambem Soniya D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters have become the leading emissive materials for highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The deposition of these materials in scalable and cost‐effective ways is paramount when looking toward the future of OLED applications. Herein, a simple OLED with fully solution‐processed organic layers is introduced, where the TADF emissive layer is ink‐jet printed. The TADF polymer has electron and hole conductive side chains, simplifying the fabrication process by removing the need for additional host materials. The OLED has a peak emission of 502 nm and a maximum luminance of close to 9600 cd m−2. The self‐hosted TADF polymer is also demonstrated in a flexible OLED, reaching a maximum luminance of over 2000 cd m−2. These results demonstrate the potential applications of this self‐hosted TADF polymer in flexible ink‐jet printed OLEDs and, therefore, for a more scalable fabrication process.
Nanotechnology connecting copper metabolism and tumor therapy
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Dong Ya , Zhou Xinyao , Fan Kelong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCopper (Cu) is an essential trace element in the human body that is involved in the formation of several natural enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and cyclooxygenase. Due to the high density of the outer electron cloud of Cu, which allows the transfer of multiple electrons, Cu is often used as the catalytic center in various metabolic enzymes. However, both deficiency and excessive accumulation of Cu can result in irreversible damage to cells. Therefore, strategies to regulate Cu metabolism, such as Cu exhaustion and Cu supplementation, have emerged as attractive approaches in anticancer therapy, due to the potential damages caused by Cu metabolism disorders. Notably, recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of nanomaterials that can regulate Cu metabolism, making this therapy applicable in vivo. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion of the physical and chemical properties of Cu and summarize the applications of nanotechnology in Cu metabolism‐based antitumor therapy. Finally, we outline the future directions and challenges of nano‐Cu therapy, emphasizing the scientific problems and technical bottlenecks that need to be addressed for successful clinical translation.
NKT cells contribute to alleviating lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Feng Ge‐xuan , Zhou Meng‐jiao , Cao Lin , Ma Ting‐yao , Wang Xue‐lian , Gao Ran , Chen Xiao‐hong , Kong Lu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSalivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) with a unique MYB‐NFIB fusion has been considered an “immune‐cold” tumor, but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the immune status of 29 SACC patients and found that most lung metastases exhibited an immunoinflammatory state, in contrast to the primary SACC tissues. Single‐cell sequencing data showed that anergic T‐cell types were low in primary inflammatory tissues, while inflammatory metastatic lung tissues had elevated levels of anergic CD8+ natural killer T (NKT)‐like cells and low levels of memory T cells. Primary exclusive tissues had high levels of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and low levels of activated CD8+ NKT‐like cells. These data support the fact that metastatic SACC cells might induce a stronger immune response in the lung. Additionally, an in vivo experiment showed that a minimally invasive SACC cell line with higher expression of human leukocyte antigens ‐B and ‐C induced NKT cell activation in mice and effectively attenuated the incidence of lung metastases caused by a highly invasive SACC cell line. This suggests that NKT therapy may be active in treating SACC lung metastasis. Conclusively, this study sheds light on the immune microenvironment of SACC and highlights the potential of NKT‐based therapy.
High resolution imaging with focused kV x‐rays for small animal radio‐neuromodulation
Authors: Shi Linxi , Bennett N. Robert , Nguyen Eric , MacDonald Carolyn , Wang Adam , Liu Wu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh precision radiotherapy with small irradiator size has potential in many treatment applications involving small shallow targets, with small animal radio‐neuromodulation as an intriguing example. A focused kV technique based on novel usage of polycapillary x‐ray lenses can focus x‐ray beams to <0.2 mm in diameter, which is ideal for such uses.PurposeSuch an application also requires high resolution CT images for treatment planning and setup. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a virtual focal spot generated with an x‐ray lens to perform high‐resolution CBCT acquisition.MethodThe experiment with x‐ray lens was set up on an x‐ray tabletop system to generate a virtual focal spot. The flood field images with and without the x‐ray lens were first compared. A pinhole image was acquired for the virtual focal spot and compared with the one acquired with the conventional focal spot without the lens. The planar imaging resolution with and without the lens were evaluated using a line pair resolution phantom. The spatial resolution of the two settings were estimated by reconstructing a 0.15‐mm wire phantom and comparing its full width half maximum (FWHM). A CBCT scan of a rodent head was also acquired to further demonstrate the improved resolution using the x‐ray lens.ResultThe proposed imaging setup with x‐ray lens had a limited exposure area of 5 cm by 5 cm on the detector, which was suitable for guiding radio‐neuromodulation to a small target in rodent brain. Compared to conventional imaging acquisition with a measured x‐ray focal spot of 0.395 mm FWHM, the virtual focal spot size was measured at 0.175 mm. The reduction in focal spot size with lens leads to an almost doubled planar imaging resolution and a 26% enhancement in 3D spatial resolution. A realistic CBCT acquisition of a rodent head mimicked the imaging acquisition step for radio‐neuromodulation and further showed the improved visualization for fine structures.ConclusionThis work demonstrated that the focused kV x‐ray technique was capable of generating small focal spot size of <0.2 mm, which substantially improved x‐ray imaging resolution for small animal imaging.