bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legitimacy and online proceedings: Procedural justice, access to justice, and the role of income
Authors: Mentovich Avital , Prescott J.J. , Rabinovich-Einy Orna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCourts have long struggled to bridge the access-to-justice gap associated with in-person hearings, which makes the recent adoption of online legal proceedings potentially beneficial. Online proceedings hold promise for better access: they occur remotely, can proceed asynchronously, and often rely solely on written communication. Yet these very qualities may also undermine some of the well-established elements of procedural-justice perceptions, a primary predictor of how people view the legal system's legitimacy. This paper examines the implications of shifting legal proceedings online for both procedural-justice and access-to-justice perceptions. It also investigates the relationship of both types of perceptions with system legitimacy, as well as the relative weight these predictors carry across litigant income levels. Drawing on online traffic court cases, we find that perceptions of procedural justice and access to justice are each separately associated with a litigant's appraisal of system legitimacy, but among lower-income parties, access to justice is a stronger predictor, while procedural justice dominates among higher-income parties. These findings highlight the need to incorporate access-to-justice perceptions into existing models of legal legitimacy.
Validation of non‐invasive diagnosis of CSPH in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease according to Baveno VII
Authors: Song Byeong Geun , Goh Myung Ji , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Paik Seung Woon , Sinn Dong Hyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsBaveno VII consensus introduced the non‐invasive criteria of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) using liver stiffness measurement (LSM). We evaluated the usefulness of the Baveno VII criteria to predict the risk of decompensation in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1966 patients with cACLD. Patients were categorized into four groups (CSPH excluded (n = 619), grey zone (low risk of CSPH (n = 699), high risk of CSPH (n = 207)), and CSPH included (n = 441)) according to Baveno VII consensus. The risk of events was estimated using a Fine and Gray competing risk regression analysis, with liver transplantation and death as competing events. We calculated standardized hazard ratios (sHR) to assess the relative risk of decompensation.ResultsAmong 1966 patients, 178 developed decompensations over a median follow‐up of 3.06 (IQR: 1.03–6.00) years. Patients with CSPH had the highest decompensation risk, followed by the grey zone high‐risk group, grey zone low‐risk group, and those without CSPH with 3‐year cumulative risks of 22%, 12%, 3.3%, and 1.4% respectively (p < .001). Compared to CSPH excluded group, CSPH included group (sHR: 8.00, 95% CI: 4.00–16.0), grey zone high‐risk group (sHR: 6.57, 95% CI: 3.16–13.6), grey zone low‐risk group (sHR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.04–4.41) had significantly higher risk of decompensation (Gray's test p < .01).ConclusionNon‐invasive diagnosis of CSPH according to the Baveno VII criteria can stratify the risk of decompensation.
Omics in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Li Peng , Liang Xi , Luo Jinjin , Li Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical syndrome that develops in patients with chronic liver disease and is characterized by acute decompensation, single‐ or multiple‐organ failure and high short‐term mortality. Over the past few decades, ACLF has been progressively recognized as an independent clinical entity, and several criteria and prognostic scores have been proposed and validated by different scientific societies. However, controversies still exist in some aspects across regions, which mainly involve whether the definition of underlying liver diseases should include cirrhosis and non‐cirrhosis. The pathophysiology of ACLF is complicated and remains unclear, although accumulating evidence based on different aetiologies of ACLF shows that it is closely associated with intense systemic inflammation and immune‐metabolism disorder, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction and microenvironment imbalance, leading to disease development and organ failure. In‐depth insight into the biological pathways involved in the mechanisms of ACLF and potential mechanistic targets that improve patient survival still needs to be investigated. Omics‐based analytical techniques, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomes, have developed rapidly and can offer novel insights into the essential pathophysiologic process of ACLF. In this paper, we briefly reviewed and summarized the current knowledge and recent advances in the definitions, criteria and prognostic assessments of ACLF; we also described the omics techniques and how omics‐based analyses have been applied to investigate and characterize the biological mechanisms of ACLF and identify potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ACLF. We also outline the challenges, future directions and limitations presented by omics‐based analyses in clinical ACLF research.
HERACLIS‐HDV cohort for the factors of underdiagnosis and prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection in HBsAg‐positive patients
Authors: Papatheodoridis George , Mimidis Konstantinos , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Triantos Christos , Vlachogiannakos Ioannis , Veretanos Christos , Deutsch Melanie , Karatapanis Stylianos , Goulis Ioannis , Elefsiniotis Ioannis , Cholongitas Evangelos , Sevastianos Vassilios , Christodoulou Dimitrios , Samonakis Dimitrios , Manesis Emanuel , Kapatais Andreas , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Ioannidou Panagiota , Germanidis Georgios , Giannoulis George , Lakiotaki Dimitra , Kogias Dionysios , Kranidioti Ηarikleia , Zisimopoulos Konstantinos , Mela Maria , Kontos George , Fytili Paraskevi , Manolaka Chrysanthi , Agorastou Polyxeni , Pantzios Spyridon I. , Papatheodoridi Margarita , Karagiannakis Dimitrios , Geladari Eleni , Psychos Nikolaos , Zachou Kalliopi , Chalkidou Anna , Spanoudaki Anastasia , Thomopoulos Konstantinos , Dalekos George 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatitis D virus (HDV) underdiagnosis remains common. We assessed the HDV screening and prevalence rates in HBsAg‐positive patients seen at tertiary liver centres throughout Greece as well as factors affecting HDV diagnosis.MethodsAll adult HBsAg‐positive patients seen within the last 5 years were included. Non‐screened patients who visited or could be recalled to the clinics over a 6‐month period were prospectively tested for anti‐HDV.ResultsOf 5079 HBsAg‐positive patients, 53% had anti‐HDV screening (41% before and 12% after study initiation). Pre‐study (8%–88%) and total screening rates (14%–100%) varied widely among centres. Screening rates were associated with older age, known risk group, elevated ALT, centre location and size and period of first visit. Anti‐HDV prevalence was 5.8% without significant difference in patients screened before (6.1%) or after study initiation (4.7%, p = 0.240). Anti‐HDV positivity was associated with younger age, parenteral drug use, born abroad, advanced liver disease and centre location. Overall, HDV RNA detectability rate was 71.6% being more frequent in anti‐HDV‐positive patients with elevated ALT, advanced liver disease and hepatitis B therapy.ConclusionsAnti‐HDV screening rates and recall capabilities vary widely among Greek liver clinics being higher in HBsAg‐positive patients of known risk group with active/advanced liver disease seen at smaller centres, while non‐medical factors are also important. Anti‐HDV prevalence varies throughout Greece being higher in patients born abroad with younger age, parenteral drug use and advanced liver disease. Viremia is more frequently but not exclusively detected in anti‐HDV‐positive patients with elevated ALT and advanced liver disease.
Metabarcoding reveals marked seasonality and a distinctive winter assemblage of dinoflagellates at a coastal LTER site in the Gulf of Naples
Authors: Mordret Solenn , Piredda Roberta , Zampicinini Gianpaolo , Kooistra Wiebe H. C. F. , Zingone Adriana , Montresor Marina , Sarno Diana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDinoflagellates constitute an abundant and diversified component of marine plankton, mostly associated with stratified conditions typical of late spring through autumn in temperate regions. Yet, difficulties with the identification of many species limit the knowledge of their composition and seasonal succession. Here we use a 3‐year V4‐18S rDNA metabarcoding dataset (4,366,007 reads, 4650 Amplicon Sequence Variants, ASVs) collected on 48 dates at the Long‐Term Ecological Research site MareChiara (LTER–MC) to explore the diversity and temporal distribution of dinoflagellates in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea). A large fraction of dinoflagellate ASVs (55%, 68% of the reads) were assigned to 187 species in 85 genera, while 33% (23% of the reads) were attributed to undetermined Syndiniales, and the remainder to unidentified groups. A total of 147 ASVs were assigned at 100% similarity to 135 reference sequences, corresponding to 116 species, 46 of which were putative new records for the Gulf of Naples. Cluster analysis conducted on a normalized dataset of 1199 ASVs identified four sample clusters that corresponded largely to the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, respectively, each including samples from all 3 years. Syndiniales were particularly abundant (43.1%) in the winter cluster, whereas Gyrodinium reached higher percentages in the summer and autumn ones (38.6% and 57.8%), Gymnodiniales sensu stricto were more abundant in spring (11.5%) and Gonyaulacales in summer (13.5%). Almost half of the ASVs analysed (561) were significantly associated with one of the four seasonal clusters (p < .05). The winter group of ASVs was particularly rich (348 ASVs) and mainly consisted of naked and parasitic taxa, which are impossible to identify in routine phytoplankton observations in light microscopy. Despite biases mainly ascribed to both the incompleteness of the reference dataset and the limited resolution of the marker gene, the metabarcoding approach has provided new insights into the ecology and distribution of this important component of the plankton, highlighting its marked seasonality along with the existence of a diversified and previously overlooked dinoflagellate community in winter.
Regulation of host gene expression by gastrointestinal tract microbiota in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Sadeghi Javad , Chaganti Subba Rao , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferences in gut microbiome composition are linked with health, disease and ultimately host fitness; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying that relationship are not well characterized. Here, we modified the fish gut microbiota using antibiotic and probiotic feed treatments to address the effect of host microbiome on gene expression patterns. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gut gene expression was evaluated using whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐Seq) on hindgut mucosa samples from individuals treated with antibiotic, probiotic and control diets to determine differentially expressed (DE) host genes. Fifty DE host genes were selected for further characterization using nanofluidic qPCR chips. We used 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to characterize the rearing water and host gut microbiome (bacterial) communities. Daily administration of antibiotics and probiotics resulted in significant changes in fish gut and aquatic microbiota as well as more than 100 DE genes in the antibiotic and probiotic treatment fish, relative to healthy controls. Normal microbiota depletion by antibiotics mostly led to downregulation of different aspects of immunity and upregulation of apoptotic process. In the probiotic treatment, genes related to post‐translation modification and inflammatory responses were up‐regulated relative to controls. Our qPCR results revealed significant effects of treatment (antibiotic and probiotic) on rabep2, aifm3, manf, prmt3 gene transcription. Moreover, we found significant associations between members of Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae with host gene expression patterns. Overall, our analysis showed that the microbiota had significant impacts on many host signalling pathways, specifically targeting immune, developmental and metabolic processes. Our characterization of some of the molecular mechanisms involved in microbiome‐host interactions will help develop new strategies for preventing/ treating microbiome disruption‐related diseases.
Increasing a patient's sense of security in the hospital: A theory of trust and nursing action
Authors: Groves Patricia S. , Bunch Jacinda L. , Kuehnle Francis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHaving a decreased sense of security leads to unnecessary suffering and distress for patients. Establishing trust is critical for nurses to promote a patient's sense of security, consistent with trauma‐informed care. Research regarding nursing action, trust, and sense of security is wide‐ranging but fragmented. We used theory synthesis to organize the disparate existing knowledge into a testable middle‐range theory encompassing these concepts in hospitals. The resulting model illustrates how individuals are admitted to the hospital with some predisposition to trust or mistrust the healthcare system and/or personnel. Patients encounter circumstances increasing their emotional and/or physical vulnerability to harm, leading to experiences of fear and anxiety. Without intervention, fear and anxiety lead to a decreased sense of security, increased distress, and suffering. Nurse action can ameliorate these effects by increasing a hospitalized person's sense of security or by promoting the development of interpersonal trust, also leading to an increased sense of security. Increased sense of security results in diminished anxiety and fear, and increased hopefulness, confidence, calm, sense of value, and sense of control. The consequences of a decreased sense of security are harmful to patients and nurses should know that they can intervene in ways that both increase interpersonal trust and sense of security.
Insect pollination for most of angiosperm evolutionary history
Authors: Stephens Ruby E. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Dun Lily , Cornwell Will , Sauquet Hervé 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Most contemporary angiosperms (flowering plants) are insect pollinated, but pollination by wind, water or vertebrates occurs in many lineages. Though evidence suggests insect pollination may be ancestral in angiosperms, this is yet to be assessed across the full phylogeny. Here, we reconstruct the ancestral pollination mode of angiosperms and quantify the timing and environmental associations of pollination shifts.
We use a robust, dated phylogeny and species‐level sampling across all angiosperm families to model the evolution of pollination modes. Data on the pollination system or syndrome of 1160 species were collated from the primary literature.
Angiosperms were ancestrally insect pollinated, and insects have pollinated angiosperms for c. 86% of angiosperm evolutionary history. Wind pollination evolved at least 42 times, with few reversals to animal pollination. Transitions between insect and vertebrate pollination were more frequent: vertebrate pollination evolved at least 39 times from an insect‐pollinated ancestor with at least 26 reversals. The probability of wind pollination increases with habitat openness (measured by Leaf Area Index) and distance from the equator.
Our reconstruction gives a clear overview of pollination macroevolution across angiosperms, highlighting the long history of interactions between insect pollinators and angiosperms still vital to biodiversity today.
Molecular mechanisms of shade tolerance in plants
Authors: Martinez‐Garcia Jaime F. , Rodriguez‐Concepcion Manuel 
Published: June 2023

SummaryShade tolerance is an ecological concept used in a wide range of disciplines, from plant physiology to landscaping or gardening. It refers to the strategy of some plants to persist and even thrive in environments with low light levels because of the shade produced by the vegetation proximity (e.g. in the understory). Shade tolerance influences the organization, structure, functioning, and dynamics of plant communities. However, little is known about its molecular and genetic basis. By contrast, there is a good understanding on how plants deal with the proximity of other plants, a divergent strategy used by most crops to respond to vegetation proximity. While generally shade‐avoiding species strongly elongate in response to the proximity of other plants, shade‐tolerant species do not. Here we review the molecular mechanisms that control the regulation of hypocotyl elongation in shade‐avoiding species as a reference framework to understand shade tolerance. Comparative studies indicate that shade tolerance is implemented by components also known to regulate hypocotyl elongation in shade‐avoiding species. These components, however, show differential molecular properties that explain how, in response to the same stimulus, shade‐avoiding species elongate while shade‐tolerant ones do not.
Philosophically, is obesity really a disease?
Authors: Steele Margaret , Finucane Francis M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe question of whether obesity should be regarded as a disease remains controversial. One source of controversy can be addressed by distinguishing between two ways in which the word “obesity” is used. In medicine, the word “obesity” now typically refers to some or all of a set of interrelated dysfunctions of metabolism, adipose tissue, and dietary intake regulation. In other contexts, such as government‐funded public education programs, the word “obesity” refers to a body mass index (BMI) category taken to indicate excess body fat. The result is that when medical experts say, “Obesity is a disease,” the majority of outside medicine inevitably takes this to mean “being fat is a disease.” In order to address this ambiguity, we apply key philosophical accounts of disease to the two different senses of “obesity.” We draw two major conclusions: First, although obesity as understood in clinical medicine meets the criteria to be considered a disease, obesity as defined by BMI does not. Second, adequately addressing this disease requires us to distinguish it clearly and unambiguously from high BMI. Making this distinction would help both the public and policymakers to better understand the disease of obesity, facilitating advances in both prevention and treatment.
Intake and serum levels of micronutrients and chronic oral diseases burden
Authors: Costa Susilena Arouche , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Leite Fábio R. M. , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa , de Fatima Carvalho Souza Soraia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate pathways from micronutrient intake and serum levels to Chronic Oral Diseases Burden.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional data from NHANES III (n = 7936) and NHANES 2011–2014 (n = 4929). The exposure was the intake and serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. Considering the high correlation of those micronutrients in the diet, they were analyzed as a latent variable dubbed Micronutrient intake. The outcome was the Chronic Oral Diseases Burden, a latent variable formed by probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, furcation involvement, caries, and missing teeth. Pathways triggered by gender, age, socioeconomic status, obesity, smoking, and alcohol were also estimated using structural equation modeling.ResultsIn both NHANES cycles, micronutrient intake (p‐value < 0.05) and vitamin D serum (p‐value < 0.05) were associated with a lower Chronic Oral Diseases Burden. Micronutrient intake reduced the Chronic Oral Diseases Burden via vitamin D serum (p‐value < 0.05). Obesity increased the Chronic Oral Diseases Burden by reducing vitamin D serum (p‐value < 0.05).ConclusionHigher micronutrient intake and higher vitamin D serum levels seem to reduce Chronic Oral Diseases Burden. Healthy diet policies may jointly tackle caries, periodontitis, obesity, and other non‐communicable diseases.
Immunosenescence and inflammaging: Conspiracies against alveolar bone turnover
Authors: Zhou Feng , Wang Zhanqi , Zhang Guorui , Wu Yingying , Xiong Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveInflammaging and immunosenescence are characteristics of senescent immune system alterations. This review provides insights into inflammaging and immunosenescence in periodontitis and focuses on the innerlink of inflammaging and immunosenescence in alveolar bone turnover from a perspective of cell–cell interaction.MethodsThis review is conducted by a narrative approach to discuss the effect of inflammaging and immunosenescence in aging‐related alveolar bone loss. A comprehensive literature research in PubMed and Google was applied to identify reports in English.ResultsInflammaging is concerned with abnormal M1 polarization and increasing circulating inflammatory cytokines, while immunosenescence involves reduced infection and vaccine responses, depressed antimicrobial function, and infiltration of aged B cells and memory T cells. TLR‐mediated inflammaging and altered adaptive immunity significantly affect alveolar bone turnover and aggravate aging‐related alveolar bone loss. Besides, energy consumption also plays a vital role in aged immune and skeletal system of periodontitis.ConclusionsSenescent immune system exerts a significant function in aging‐related alveolar bone loss. Inflammaging and immunosenescence interact functionally and mechanistically, which affects alveolar bone turnover. Therefore, further clinical treatment strategies targeting alveolar bone loss could be based on the specific molecular mechanism connecting inflammaging, immunosenescence, and alveolar bone turnover.
The impact of oil price shocks on the agricultural commodity prices
Authors: Kandemir Kocaaslan Ozge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we empirically examine the effects of oil‐related shocks on the prices of nine agricultural commodities for the period 1974:01–2022:02. We decompose real oil prices into three independent parts: oil supply shocks; global demand shocks; demand shocks that are specific to the crude oil market applying a symmetric VAR model. Then, we assess the effects of these three shocks on the prices of nine major agricultural commodities individually. Based on our findings, we reveal that the responses of agricultural commodity prices to an oil price change depend significantly on the timing and the driver of the underlying oil price change.