bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of transdiagnostic clinical risk prediction models for 12‐month onset and course of eating disorders among adolescents in the community
Authors: Mitchison Deborah , Wang Shirley B. , Wade Tracey , Haynos Ann F. , Bussey Kay , Trompeter Nora , Lonergan Alexandra , Tame Jack , Hay Phillipa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and internally validate risk prediction models for adolescent onset and persistence of eating disorders.MethodsN = 963 Australian adolescents (11–19 years) in the EveryBODY Study cohort completed online surveys in 2018 and 2019. Models were built to predict 12‐month risk of (1) onset, and (2) persistence of a DSM‐5 eating disorder.ResultsOnset Model. Of the n = 687 adolescents without an eating disorder at baseline, 16.9% were identified with an eating disorder after 12 months. The prediction model was based on evidence‐based risk factors for eating disorder onset available within the dataset (sex, body mass index percentile, strict weight loss dieting, history of bullying, psychological distress, weight/shape concerns). This model showed fair discriminative performance (mean AUC = .75). The most important factors were psychological distress, weight and shape concerns, and female sex. Diagnostic Persistence Model. Of the n = 276 adolescents with an eating disorder at baseline, 74.6% were identified as continuing to meet criteria for an eating disorder after 12 months. The prediction model for diagnostic persistence was based on available evidence‐based risk factors for eating disorder persistence (purging, distress, social impairment). This model showed poor discriminative performance (mean AUC = .65). The most important factors were psychological distress and self‐induced vomiting for weight control.DiscussionWe found preliminary evidence for the utility of a parsimonious model for 12‐month onset of an eating disorder among adolescents in the community. Future research should include additional evidence‐based risk factors and validate models beyond the original sample.Public SignificanceThis study demonstrated the feasibility of developing parsimonious and accurate models for the prediction of future onset of an eating disorder among adolescents. The most important predictors in this model included psychological distress and weight and shape concerns. This study has laid the ground work for future research to build and test more accurate prediction models in diverse samples, prior to translation into a clinical tool for use in real world settings to aid decisions about referral to early intervention.
Perspectives on relapse prevention following intensive treatment of anorexia nervosa: A focus group study
Authors: Pagano Nikki , Glasofer Deborah R. , Attia Evelyn , Ruggiero Julia , Eziri Kelechi , Goldstein Carly M. , Steinglass Joanna E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveIncluding the perspectives of individuals with lived experience of mental health issues is a critical step in research and treatment development. Focus groups with patients with a history of treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) were conducted in anticipation of a clinical trial of Relapse Prevention and Changing Habits (REACH+).MethodsSeven female adults (23–51 years) who had previously received inpatient treatment for AN, now in remission, participated in one of two semistructured focus groups. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to examine participants' contributions and identify common topics.ResultsTranscript analysis yielded three topics related to relapse prevention: (1) recovery aids, including a sense of agency in treatment decisions and finding new interests/passions, (2) recovery hindrances, such as lack of access to care, and (3) identification of members of support system. Aspects of REACH+ received positive feedback, such as continuity of care from the inpatient setting and the use of telehealth. Viewpoints differed with respect to the helpfulness of obtaining patient weights in treatment. The REACH+ online platform received positive comments regarding content and usability, as well as suggestions for additional content.DiscussionQualitative feedback from patients with a history of AN highlighted the value of engaging patients in their own treatment decisions, as well as in treatment design and innovation. Within this small group, there were differences of opinion about treatment components, specifically weight assessment, that suggest the need for further data. User‐centered design provides opportunities to improve the acceptability and, therefore, dissemination of novel treatments.Public SignificanceRelapse prevention is a critical treatment need for patients with anorexia nervosa, as this illness too often follows a protracted course. There are challenges in both obtaining specialized care and in retaining patients in treatment. Here, patient perspectives on these challenges offer input to allow for optimization of relapse prevention treatment. Shared decision‐making may be particularly valuable to support an individual's sense of agency and engagement in care.
Pulmonary artery catheter usage in diagnosis of Shoshin beriberi presented with unexplained lactic acidosis
Authors: Hung Yi‐Hsin , Yu An‐Li , Chen Chun‐Kai , Liao Min‐Tsun , Hsieh Mu‐Yang , Chen Wen‐Jone 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWet beriberi is a rare but fatal disease in modern society. The nonspecific clinical manifestations, including symptoms of heart failure and recalcitrant lactic acidosis, can prevent timely diagnosis. The use of a pulmonary artery catheter can promptly confirm a high cardiac output state and plays a crucial role in rapidly deteriorating cases. Appropriate treatment with intravenous administration of thiamine leads to dramatic recovery within hours. We present two cases of Shoshin beriberi, a fulminant variant of wet beriberi, diagnosed in 2016 and 2022 at our institute. The patients experienced haemodynamic collapse and refractory lactic acidosis, which were successfully diagnosed with the use of a pulmonary artery catheter and reversed by thiamine supplementation. We also reviewed 19 cases of wet beriberi reported between 2010 and 2022.
Piano‐Stool Ruthenium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for gem‐Specific Catalytic Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Hayashi Kasumi , Liang Qiuming , Philippi Franka , Song Datong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA series of piano‐stool Ru−NHC (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes have been prepared and characterized. The NHC ligands used herein have varying wingtip groups, showing the impact of steric congestion on the selectivity for the catalytic dimerization of terminal alkynes.
I2‐Mediated Oxidative Amidation of Aryl Methyl Ketones: Synthesis of Primary α‐Ketoamides Using Ammonium Carbamodithioate as Amine Surrogate
Authors: Wang An‐Jing , Zhang Yu‐Die , Nan Wen‐Jing , Liu Shan , Shu Wen‐Ming , Gong Yin‐Xiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere we report the preparation of primary α‐ketoamides via a highly efficient molecular iodine‐mediated oxidative amidation of aryl methyl ketones with ammonium carbamodithioate. A self‐sequenced iodination/nucleophilic substitution/Kornblum oxidation/amidation mechanism was proposed. In this mechanism, α‐thiocyanatoacetophenone is the key intermediate.
Discovery ofE2730, a novel selective uncompetitiveGAT1inhibitor, as a candidate for anti‐seizure medication
Authors: Fukushima Kazuyuki , Higashiyama Hiroyuki , Kazuta Yuji , Hashimoto Keisuke , Watanabe Naoto , Furuya Yoshiaki , Ito Yoshimasa , Wu Ting , Kosasa Takashi , Talos Delia M. , Song Yeri , Roberts Nicholas S. , Jensen Frances E. , Hanada Takahisa , Ido Katsutoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAs of 2022, 36 anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) have been licensed for the treatment of epilepsy, however, adverse effects (AEs) are commonly reported. Therefore, ASMs with a wide margin between therapeutic effects and AEs are preferred over ASMs that are associated with a narrow margin between efficacy and risk of AEs. E2730 was discovered using in vivo phenotypic screening and characterized as an uncompetitive, yet selective, inhibitor of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1). Here, we describe the preclinical characteristics of E2730.MethodsAnti‐seizure effects of E2730 were evaluated in several animal models of epilepsy: corneal kindling, 6 Hz–44 mA psychomotor seizure, amygdala kindling, Fragile X syndrome, and Dravet syndrome models. Effects of E2730 on motor coordination were assessed in accelerating rotarod tests. The mechanism of action of E2730 was explored by [3H]E2730 binding assay. The GAT1‐selectivity over other GABA transporters was examined by GABA uptake assay of GAT1, GAT2, GAT3, or betaine/GABA transporter 1 (BGT‐1) stably expressing HEK293 cells. To further investigate the mechanism for E2730‐mediated inhibition of GAT1, in vivo microdialysis and in vitro GABA uptake assays were conducted under conditions of different GABA concentrations.ResultsE2730 showed anti‐seizure effects in the assessed animal models with an approximately >20‐‍fold margin between efficacy and motor incoordination. [3H]E2730 binding on brain synaptosomal membrane was abolished in GAT1‐deficient mice, and E2730 selectively inhibited GAT1‐mediated GABA uptake over other GABA transporters. In addition, results of GABA uptake assays showed that E2730‐mediated inhibition of GAT1 positively correlated to the level of ambient GABA in vitro. E2730 also increased extracellular GABA concentration in hyperactivated conditions but not under basal levels in vivo.SignificanceE2730 is a novel, selective, uncompetitive GAT1 inhibitor, which acts selectively under the condition of increasing synaptic activity, contributing to a wide margin between therapeutic effect and motor incoordination.
Who pays the liquidity cost? Central bank announcements and adverse selection
Authors: Ryu Doojin , Webb Robert I. , Yu Jinyoung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether the composition of market participants contributes to shaping market liquidity around central bank announcements. By analyzing transaction‐level data from a stock index futures market, we find that the roles of foreign and domestic institutional investors in taking or providing liquidity, respectively, are switched following the news announcements. The participation of domestic (foreign) institutions is negatively (positively) associated with liquidity provision shortly after the announcements, whereas they provide (consume) liquidity in general. The change in domestic institutions' roles is attributed to their advantages in processing local news as it is pronounced when they actively participate. Domestic individuals remain largely noisy and unresponsive. Overall, the results support the existence of adverse selection costs in the order‐driven context and imply that institutional investors may trade with the wind when they have information superiority.
Automatic and manual segmentation of the piriform cortex: Method development and validation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Steinbart David , Yaakub Siti N. , Steinbrenner Mirja , Guldin Lynn S. , Holtkamp Martin , Keller Simon S. , Weber Bernd , Rüber Theodor , Heckemann Rolf A. , Ilyas‐Feldmann Maria , Hammers Alexander ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe piriform cortex (PC) is located at the junction of the temporal and frontal lobes. It is involved physiologically in olfaction as well as memory and plays an important role in epilepsy. Its study at scale is held back by the absence of automatic segmentation methods on MRI. We devised a manual segmentation protocol for PC volumes, integrated those manually derived images into the Hammers Atlas Database (n = 30) and used an extensively validated method (multi‐atlas propagation with enhanced registration, MAPER) for automatic PC segmentation. We applied automated PC volumetry to patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE; n = 174 including n = 58 controls) and to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort (ADNI; n = 151, of whom with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), n = 71; Alzheimer's disease (AD), n = 33; controls, n = 47). In controls, mean PC volume was 485 mm3 on the right and 461 mm3 on the left. Automatic and manual segmentations overlapped with a Jaccard coefficient (intersection/union) of ~0.5 and a mean absolute volume difference of ~22 mm3 in healthy controls, ~0.40/ ~28 mm3 in patients with TLE, and ~ 0.34/~29 mm3 in patients with AD. In patients with TLE, PC atrophy lateralised to the side of hippocampal sclerosis (p < .001). In patients with MCI and AD, PC volumes were lower than those of controls bilaterally (p < .001). Overall, we have validated automatic PC volumetry in healthy controls and two types of pathology. The novel finding of early atrophy of PC at the stage of MCI possibly adds a novel biomarker. PC volumetry can now be applied at scale.
Every individual makes a difference: A trinity derived from linking individual brain morphometry, connectivity and mentalising ability
Authors: Li Zhaoning , Dong Qunxi , Hu Bin , Wu Haiyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMentalising ability, indexed as the ability to understand others' beliefs, feelings, intentions, thoughts and traits, is a pivotal and fundamental component of human social cognition. However, considering the multifaceted nature of mentalising ability, little research has focused on characterising individual differences in different mentalising components. And even less research has been devoted to investigating how the variance in the structural and functional patterns of the amygdala and hippocampus, two vital subcortical regions of the “social brain”, are related to inter‐individual variability in mentalising ability. Here, as a first step toward filling these gaps, we exploited inter‐subject representational similarity analysis (IS‐RSA) to assess relationships between amygdala and hippocampal morphometry (surface‐based multivariate morphometry statistics, MMS), connectivity (resting‐state functional connectivity, rs‐FC) and mentalising ability (interactive mentalisation questionnaire [IMQ] scores) across the participants (). In IS‐RSA, we proposed a novel pipeline, that is, computing patching and pooling operations‐based surface distance (CPP‐SD), to obtain a decent representation for high‐dimensional MMS data. On this basis, we found significant correlations (i.e., second‐order isomorphisms) between these three distinct modalities, indicating that a trinity existed in idiosyncratic patterns of brain morphometry, connectivity and mentalising ability. Notably, a region‐related mentalising specificity emerged from these associations: self‐self and self‐other mentalisation are more related to the hippocampus, while other‐self mentalisation shows a closer link with the amygdala. Furthermore, by utilising the dyadic regression analysis, we observed significant interactions such that subject pairs with similar morphometry had even greater mentalising similarity if they were also similar in rs‐FC. Altogether, we demonstrated the feasibility and illustrated the promise of using IS‐RSA to study individual differences, deepening our understanding of how individual brains give rise to their mentalising abilities.
Manifestation of pityriasis rosea and pityriasis rosea‐like eruptions after Covid‐19 vaccine: A systematic review
Authors: Khan Iman , Elsanousi Ahmed A. , Shareef Amena M. , Tebha Sameer S. , Arif Aabiya , Gul Sana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground: After introducing Covid‐19 vaccines, a few side effects were reported, pityriasis rosea being one of them. Therefore, this study will systematically review its manifestation afteradministration.Methods: Databases were searched, covering a timeline from December 1, 2019 to February 28, 2022. Data were independently extracted and accessed for bias. SPSS statistical software version 25 was used for appropriate inferential statistics. Results: Thirty‐one studies were included for data extraction after screening following the eligibility criteria. A total of 111 people were identified to have developed pityriasis rosea or pityriasis rosea‐like eruptions after vaccination, out of which 36 (55.38%) were female. The average age of incidence was calculated to be 44.92 years, and 63 (62.37%) people presented after administration of the first dose. It was found popularly in the trunk area, either asymptomatically or with mild symptoms. Meantime the onset, was 8.58 days, and meantime it took to recover, was 6.44 weeks. Conclusion: The association between pityriasis rosea and pityriasis rosea‐like eruptions after Covid‐19 vaccines was established, but given the scarcity of studies, there is a need to conduct different clinical trials to confirm this association further and study the etiology and mechanism of the disease.
Organ‐based clues for diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity: A practical guide for clinicians
Authors: Mohammadi Fatemeh , Yadegar Amirhossein , Mardani Mahta , Ayati Aryan , Abolhassani Hassan , Rezaei Nima 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInborn errors of immunity (IEI) comprise a group of about 490 genetic disorders that lead to aberrant functioning or the development of distinct immune system components. So far, a broad spectrum of IEI‐related manifestations has been noted in the literature. Due to overlapping signs and symptoms of IEI, physicians face challenges in appropriately diagnosing and managing affected individuals. The last decade has witnesses improving in the molecular diagnosis of IEI patients. As a result, it can be the mainstay of diagnostic algorithms, prognosis, and possibly therapeutic interventions in patients with IEI. Furthermore, reviewing IEI clinical complications demonstrates that the manifestations and severity of the symptoms depend on the involved gene that causes the disease and its penetrance. Although several diagnostic criteria have been used for IEI, not every patient can be explored in the same way. As a result of the failure to consider IEI diagnosis and the variety of diagnostic capabilities and laboratory facilities in different regions, undiagnosed patients are increasing. On the other hand, early diagnosis is an almost essential element in improving the quality of life in IEI patients. Since there is no appropriate guideline for IEI diagnosis in different organs, focusing on the clues in the patient's chief complaint and physical exams can help physicians narrow their differential diagnosis. This article aims to provide a practical guide for IEI diagnosis based on the involved organ. We hope to assist clinicians in keeping IEI diagnosis in mind and minimizing possible related complications due to delayed diagnosis.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on the mechanism of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide regulating immunity through TLR4/TNF‐α pathwayss
Authors: Pei Hongyan , He Zhongmei , Chen Weijia , Zhao Yan , Li Jianming , Wang Ruibing , Zong Ying , Du Rui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe role of polysaccharide components in the immune system, especially immunomodulatory effects, has received increasing attention. In this context, in this study, network pharmacology was adopted to explore the hypothesis of a multitarget mechanism for immune modulation by Chrysalis polysaccharides. A total of 174 common targets were screened by network pharmacology, with the main ones being TNF, MAPK3, CASP3, VEGFA, and STAT3, mostly enriched in the Toll pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the polysaccharide fraction of Chrysalis binds well to TNF proteins. Besides, in vitro cellular assays were performed to verify the ability of Chrysalis polysaccharides to regulate macrophage polarization and to screen for macrophage surface receptors. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were conducted to prove the activation of TLR4 and TNF‐α protein expression in mice by Chrysalis polysaccharide.
Novel differential calcium regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under physiological low oxygen conditions
Authors: Dausinas Ni Paige , Hartman Melissa , Slack Jacob , Basile Christopher , Liu Sheng , Wan Jun , O'Leary Heather A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow oxygen bone marrow (BM) niches (~1%–4% low O2) provide critical signals for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HSPCs). Our presented data are the first to investigate live, sorted HSC/HSPCs in their native low O2 conditions. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis uncovered differential Ca2+ regulation that correlated with overlapping phenotypic populations consisting of robust increases of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+, ABC transporter (ABCG2) expression and sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE1) expression in live, HSC/HSPCs remaining in constant low O2. We identified a novel Ca2+ high population in HSPCs predominantly detected in low O2 that displayed enhanced frequency of phenotypic LSK/LSKCD150 in low O2 replating assays compared to Ca2+ low populations. Inhibition of the Ca2+ regulator NHE1 (Cariporide) resulted in attenuation of both the low O2 induced Ca2+ high population and subsequent enhanced maintenance of phenotypic LSK and LSKCD150 during low O2 replating. These data reveal multiple levels of differential Ca2+ regulation in low O2 resulting in phenotypic, signaling, and functional consequences in HSC/HSPCs.
Lactobacillus plantarum postbiotics trigger AMPK‐dependent autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Wu Yanping , Hu Aixin , Shu Xin , Huang Wenxia , Zhang Ruiqiang , Xu Yinglei , Yang Caimei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe previously found that Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)‐derived postbiotics protected animals against Salmonella infection, but the molecular mechanism remains obscure. This study clarified the mechanisms from the perspective of autophagy. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2) were pretreated with LP‐derived postbiotics (the culture supernatant, LPC; or heat‐killed bacteria, LPB), and then challenged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST). Results showed that LP postbiotics markedly triggered autophagy under ST infection, as indicated by the increased LC3 and Beclin1 and the decreased p62 levels. Meanwhile, LP postbiotics (particularly LPC) exhibited a strong capacity of inhibiting ST adhesion, invasion and replication. Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) led to a significant decrease of autophagy and the aggravated infection, indicating the importance of autophagy in LP postbiotics‐mediated Salmonella elimination. LP postbiotics (especially LPB) significantly suppressed ST‐induced inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines (the increased interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10, and decreased tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF), IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐18). Furthermore, LP postbiotics inhibited NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, as evidenced by the decreased levels of NLRP3, Caspase‐1 and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Deficits in autophagy resulted in an increase of inflammatory response and inflammasome activation. Finally, we found that both LPC and LPB triggered AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to induce autophagy, and this was further confirmed by AMPK RNA interference. The intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome were aggravated after AMPK knockdown. In summary, LP postbiotics trigger AMPK‐mediated autophagy to suppress Salmonella intracellular infection and NLRP3 inflammasome in IPEC‐J2 cells. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of postbiotics, and provide a new strategy for preventing Salmonella infection.