bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative value of hyperopia reserve and myopic shift in Chinese children and adolescents aged 3–16 years
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Qi Ziyi , Feng Yanqing , Chen Jun , Du Linlin , Yang Jinliuxing , Xie Hui , Zhu Jianfeng , Zou Haidong , He Xiangui , Xu Xun 
Published: September 2023

Background
This research aims to generate normative values of hyperopia reserve and refractive progression as effective tools to estimate the risk of myopia.

Methods
A 1-year follow-up study was conducted among Chinese children and adolescents aged 3–16 years selected from schools and kinder gardens using cluster sampling. All participants underwent examinations including visual acuity, axial length and cycloplegic autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate). Percentiles of spherical equivalent (SE) were calculated using Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method. Age-specific refractive progression and hyperopia reserve were determined by backward calculation.

Results
Of 3118 participants, 1702 (54.6%) were boys with a mean baseline age of 7.30 years. The 50th percentile of SE estimated by LMS decreased from 1.04 D at 3 years to −2.04 D at 16 years in boys, while from 1.29 D to −2.81 D in girls. The 1-year refractive progression of myopes (0.81 D) was greater than that of non-myopes (0.51 D). The normative value of hyperopia reserve was 2.64 (range: 2.40 D–2.88 D) at 3 years and −0.35 (range: −0.50 to −0.17) D at 16 years, with the maximum progression of 0.35 D at the age of 6 years.

Conclusion
Age-specific normative values of hyperopia reserve and yearly myopic shift in children and adolescents aged 3–16 years were provided, helping identify and monitor myopia and giving prevention in advance.
DNA-methylation signature accurately differentiates pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis in tissue and plasma
Authors: Wu Yenan , Seufert Isabelle , Al-Shaheri Fawaz N , Kurilov Roman , Bauer Andrea S , Manoochehri Mehdi , Moskalev Evgeny A , Brors Benedikt , Tjaden Christin , Giese Nathalia A , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W , Hoheisel Jörg D 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy. Differentiation from chronic pancreatitis (CP) is currently inaccurate in about one-third of cases. Misdiagnoses in both directions, however, have severe consequences for patients. We set out to identify molecular markers for a clear distinction between PDAC and CP.DesignGenome-wide variations of DNA-methylation, messenger RNA and microRNA level as well as combinations thereof were analysed in 345 tissue samples for marker identification. To improve diagnostic performance, we established a random-forest machine-learning approach. Results were validated on another 48 samples and further corroborated in 16 liquid biopsy samples.ResultsMachine-learning succeeded in defining markers to differentiate between patients with PDAC and CP, while low-dimensional embedding and cluster analysis failed to do so. DNA-methylation yielded the best diagnostic accuracy by far, dwarfing the importance of transcript levels. Identified changes were confirmed with data taken from public repositories and validated in independent sample sets. A signature of six DNA-methylation sites in a CpG-island of the protein kinase C beta type gene achieved a validated diagnostic accuracy of 100% in tissue and in circulating free DNA isolated from patient plasma.ConclusionThe success of machine-learning to identify an effective marker signature documents the power of this approach. The high diagnostic accuracy of discriminating PDAC from CP could have tremendous consequences for treatment success, once the result from still a limited number of liquid biopsy samples would be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer.
Multicomponent telerehabilitation programme for older veterans with multimorbidity: a programme evaluation
Authors: Rauzi Michelle R , Abbate L M , Lum H D , Cook P F , Stevens-Lapsley J E 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionOlder veterans with multimorbidity experience physical, mental and social factors which may negatively impact health and healthcare access. Physical function, behaviour change skills and loneliness may not be addressed during traditional physical rehabilitation. Thus, a multicomponent telerehabilitation programme could address these unmet needs. This programme evaluation assessed the safety, feasibility and change in patient outcomes for a multicomponent telerehabilitation programme.MethodsIndividuals were eligible if they were a veteran/spouse, age ≥50 years and had ≥3 comorbidities. The telerehabilitation programme included four core components: (1) High-intensity rehabilitation, (2) Coaching interventions, (3) Social support and (4) Technology. Physical therapists delivered the 12-week programme and collected patient outcomes at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. Programme evaluation measures included safety events (occurrence and type), feasibility (adherence) and patient outcomes (physical function). Safety and feasibility outcomes were analysed using descriptive statistics. The mean pre-post programme difference and 95% CI for patient outcomes were generated using pairedt-tests.ResultsTwenty-one participants enrolled in the telerehabilitation programme; most were male (81%), white (72%) and non-Hispanic (76%), with an average of 5.7 (3.0) comorbidities. Prevalence of insession safety events was 3.2% (0.03 events/session). Fifteen (71.4%) participants adhered to the programme (attended ≥80% of sessions). Mean (95% CI) improvements for physical function are as follows: 4.7 (2.4 to 7.0) repetitions for 30 s sit to stand, 6.0 (4.0 to 9.0) and 5.0 (2.0 to 9.0) repetitions for right arm curl and left arm curl, respectively, and 31.8 (15.9 to 47.7) repetitions for the 2 min step test.ConclusionThe telerehabilitation programme was safe, feasible and demonstrated preprogramme to postprogramme improvements in physical function measures while addressing unmet needs in a vulnerable population. These results support a randomised clinical trial while informing programme and process adaptations.
Vacuum representations of blackbody radiation
Authors: Barnett Stephen M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present and discuss two exact, but perhaps unfamiliar, representations of thermal radiation. The first has the form of a superposition of the quantum vacuum and a stochastic classical field and the second is the pure-state thermofield representation introduced by Takahashi and Umezawa. It is interesting that the former is, essentially, the opposite of Planck’s original conception of blackbody radiation.
Vibration transmissibility at male and female wrists of the human hand–arm system and modeling
Authors: Wu Mingzhong , Lin Zhihong 
Published: September 2023

The determination of standard values of vibration transmissibility at the wrist of the human body is very important to understanding vibration exposure and developing a valid model. In this work, the effects of human weight, gender, and other factors on the transmissibility of hand–arm vibration and vibration transmissibility in the [Formula: see text]-axis direction at the wrist site were randomly collected from 200 subjects (154 males and 46 females) as per the requirement of the standard ISO 10819. Moreover, the envelopes of the maximum and minimum values, as well as the mean and standard deviation of the vibration transmissibility at the wrist site, were obtained for both genders. Second, the effect of gender differences on the mean value of vibration transmissibility was analyzed. Finally, two three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) models of the hand–arm system were developed based on the average values of vibration transmissibility at the wrists of male and female subjects, respectively. The study revealed that the mean value of vibration transmissibility was greater in males than in females in the frequency range of 14–39 Hz. For the rest of the frequency ranges of females, their mean vibration transmissibility is greater than that of males, especially in the range 17–30 Hz. It was also observed that the vibration transmissibility of females is 10–18.5% smaller than that of males. The vibration transmissibility of females is greater than that of males by 40–83% when the frequencies are between 150 Hz and 250 Hz. The novelty of this proposed model is the prediction of model differences between males and females compared to other models that do so without considering gender differences. It is validated that the proposed modified model can be used to predict the vibration transmissibility of the wrist.
Canadian Arctic–Beaufort Sea Rifted Margin Tectono-Sedimentary Element, SE Canada Basin
Authors: Embry Ashton , Dixon James , Ricketts Brian , Stephenson Randell 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Canadian Arctic–Beaufort Sea Rifted Margin (CARM) Tectono-Sedimentary Element (TSE) is located on the continental shelf and slope that lie to the west of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and to the north of the Mackenzie Delta. The TSE comprises the rift succession deposited on the eastern and southern margins of the Amerasia Basin, coincident with the opening of this basin. The TSE strata range in age from the latest Triassic (Rhaetian) to Early Cretaceous (Albian). A major unconformity marks the base of the TSE, with underlying rocks consisting of moderately to highly deformed Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic rocks that are regarded as basement. The TSE is overlain by the Canadian Arctic Prograded Margin (CAPM) TSE, with the boundary being a significant unconformity in landward areas. Well data are limited to the Beaufort–Mackenzie area, and reflection and refraction seismic data indicate that the succession is up to 4 km thick. The TSE is divided into four structural domains, with deformation increasing to the north. The Beaufort–Mackenzie Domain is dominated by extensional structures, with later contractional structures present in its western portion. The Southern Domain is extensional and characterized by normal faults with tilted fault blocks. The structure of the Central Domain is similar to that of the Southern Domain but may include broad folds formed during the Paleogene Eurekan Orogeny. The succession in the Northern Domain is likely to be strongly folded and cut by thrust faults of the Eurekan Orogeny. Cretaceous extrusive and intrusive basic rocks, related to magmatism in the northern Amerasia Basin, are present in both the Central and Northern domains. Petroleum source rocks, of both lacustrine and marine origin, may be present in the Jurassic portion of the succession and marine shales in the Lower Cretaceous succession. The potential for structural and stratigraphic traps in widespread sandstone units of alluvial fan to marine slope origin is high. The remote location of the TSE, however, makes it likely that it will not be a target for petroleum exploration in the foreseeable future.
Cerise: Program Verification on a Capability Machine in the Presence of Untrusted Code
Authors: Georges Aïna Linn , Guéneau Armaël , Van Strydonck Thomas , Timany Amin , Trieu Alix , Devriese Dominique , Birkedal Lars 
Published: September 2023

A capability machine is a type of CPU allowing fine-grained privilege separation using
capabilities
, machine words that represent certain kinds of authority. We present a mathematical model and accompanying proof methods that can be used for formal verification of functional correctness of programs running on a capability machine, even when they invoke and are invoked by unknown (and possibly malicious) code. We use a program logic called Cerise for reasoning about known code, and an associated logical relation, for reasoning about unknown code. The logical relation formally captures the capability safety guarantees provided by the capability machine. The Cerise program logic, logical relation, and all the examples considered in the paper have been mechanized using the Iris program logic framework in the Coq proof assistant.

The methodology we present underlies recent work of the authors on formal reasoning about capability machines [Georges et al.
2021
; Skorstengaard et al.
2019a
; Van Strydonck et al.
2022
], but was left somewhat implicit in those publications. In this paper we present a pedagogical introduction to the methodology, in a simpler setting (no exotic capabilities), and starting from minimal examples. We work our way up to new results about a heap-based calling convention and implementations of sophisticated object-capability patterns of the kind previously studied for high-level languages with object-capabilities, demonstrating that the methodology scales to such reasoning.
National Cost Estimates of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Tracheostomy in Acute Stroke, 2008–2017
Authors: Albert George P. , McHugh Daryl C. , Hwang David Y. , Creutzfeldt Claire J. , Holloway Robert G. , George Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Patients with stroke receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and tracheostomy incur intense treatment and long hospitalizations. We aimed to evaluate US hospitalization costs for patients with stroke requiring IMV, tracheostomy, or no ventilation.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective observational study of US hospitalizations for acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage receiving IMV, tracheostomy, or none using the National Inpatient Sample, 2008 to 2017. We calculated hospitalization costs using cost-to-charge ratios adjusted to 2017 US dollars for inpatients with stroke by ventilation status (no IMV, IMV alone, tracheostomy).

RESULTS:

Of an estimated 5.2 million (95% CI, 5.1–5.3) acute stroke hospitalizations, 2008 to 2017; 9.4% received IMV alone and 1.4% received tracheostomy. Length of stay for patients without IMV was shorter (median, 4 days; interquartile range [IQR], 2–6) compared with IMV alone (median, 6 days; [IQR, 2–13]), and tracheostomy (median, 25 days; [IQR, 18–36];
P
<0.001). Mortality for patients without IMV was 3.2% compared with 51.2% for IMV alone and 9.8% for tracheostomy (
P
<0.001). Median hospitalization costs for patients without IMV was $9503 (IQR, $6544–$14 963), compared with $23 774 (IQR, $10 900–$47 735) for IMV alone and $95 380 (IQR, $63 921–$144 019) for tracheostomy. Tracheostomy placement in ≤7 days had lower costs compared with placement in >7 days (median, $71 470 [IQR, $47 863–$108 250] versus $102 979 [IQR, $69 563–$152 543];
P
<0.001). Each day awaiting tracheostomy was associated with a 2.9% cost increase (95% CI, 2.6%–3.1%). US hospitalization costs for patients with acute stroke were $8.7 billion/y (95% CI, $8.5–$8.9 billion). For IMV alone, costs were $1.8 billion/y (95% CI, $1.7–$1.9 billion) and for tracheostomy $824 million/y (95% CI, $789.7–$858.3 million).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with acute stroke who undergo tracheostomy account for 1.4% of stroke admissions and 9.5% of US stroke hospitalization costs. Future research should focus on the added value to society and patients of IMV and tracheostomy, in particular after 7 days for the latter procedure given the increased costs incurred and poor outcomes in stroke.
Fire-Outbreak Prevention Mechanisms in Tanzania’s Boarding Secondary Schools
Authors: Nyagawa Zedekian M. , Anangisye William A.L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This enquiry investigated fire-outbreak prevention mechanisms in Tanzania’s Boarding Secondary Schools (BSSs). Specifically, the enquiry drew on the claim that fire-outbreaks which take place in BSSs are avertable. Based on the claim, two lines of enquiry guided the study: What mechanisms have BSSs adopted to prevent fire-outbreaks; and how adequate are the adopted mechanisms in preventing fire-outbreaks in BSSs? In that regard, the qualitative approach was deemed necessary for the enquiry. The enquiry employed purposive sampling procedures to select 95 informants from four BSSs in five selected regions. Data was sought through interviews, observations, and documentary reviews. Findings revealed various mechanisms that BSSs deploy to prevent fire-outbreaks, inter alia fire emergency exits, fire-resistant furniture, fire-resistant roofs, reliable electrical wiring systems, security guard, and strict school bylaws. However, the mechanisms were largely inadequate, hence failing to prevent effectively fire outbreaks. Limited school financial resources and lack of fire safety awareness among school members caused the inadequacy.
L’École de pensée juive de Paris and the Idea of Fraternité: Re-reading the Stories of Brothers in Genesis
Authors: Ben-Pazi Hanoch 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This essay will present an analysis of the idea of ‘fraternity’ in the writings of two of the most dynamic Jewish thinkers of the Parisian School of Jewish Thought: Manitou (Rabbi Yehuda Leon Ashkenazi) and André Neher. They both examined the concept of “fraternity” in the book of Genesis. Apparently, the concept was borrowed from the motto of the French revolution: liberté, egalité and fraternité. However, they approached it from the perspective of a Jewish reading of the Bible. For them, the extensive development of the concept of fraternity in Genesis produced a wealth of profound ideas. Regretfully, however, it becomes clear that the concept includes varied connotations of enmity as well. In order to sharpen the focus of our study, this essay will deal solely with the relationship of the first set of brothers: Cain and Abel, perhaps the archetype for all other sets of brothers of Genesis.
The Time of Brain Science and the Time of Physics
Authors: White Peter A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Buonomano and Rovelli (unpubl. manuscript, 2021) and Gruber, Block, and Montemayor (Front. Psychol., 2022, 13, art. 718505) grapple with the problem that we experience both a present moment and a flow of time, yet neither of those things seems to be recognised in physics. This paper makes three points about that. The present moment in perception is not the same as the present moment in physics because they occupy radically different time scales, 10–44 s in physics and something in the millisecond range in perception. The information about what is currently being perceived is experienced as in the present not because it is but because it is all labelled with time markers saying that it is the present; there are similar time markers identifying still active historical information as in the past. The flow of time is not generated by actual change over time but by an information structure existing at a single moment of time that represents change over connected time markers. Whether there is an actual present and an actual flow of time in the universe or not, the experienced present and experienced flow of time are perceptual constructs and nothing more.
The “Dark Figure” of Incarceration—The Imposition of Consecutive Incarceration Sentences as a Window of Discretion
Authors: Ulmer Jeffery T. , Galvin Miranda A. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives The decision to impose consecutive incarceration sentences, rather than concurrent, is an important discretionary decision that is often not structured by guidelines. We develop and test expectations, guided by the focal concerns framework, regarding case and defendant characteristics that are likely to evoke heightened perceptions of blameworthiness and danger, and thus should be more likely to result in consecutive incarceration. Methods We use data on individuals sentenced in Pennsylvania from 2015 to 2019 to predict the odds of receiving a consecutive incarceration sentence. Results We find that individuals convicted of violent offenses and those convicted of behavior spanning multiple criminal incidents were much more likely to receive consecutive incarceration. We found no evidence of differences across race of the defendant in the likelihood of receiving consecutive incarceration. We also demonstrate a strong relationship between consecutive incarceration and mode of conviction; those convicted by trial had much greater odds of receiving consecutive incarceration. Conclusions Our findings raise unexamined questions about sentencing policy, including sentencing guidelines, wherein the decision between consecutive and concurrent incarceration is highly consequential, unguided, and unstructured.
Ambulatory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulator: The next frontier in clinical training
Authors: Sayed Aya N. , Noorizadeh Mohammad , Alhomsi Yahya , Bensaali Faycal , Meskin Nader , Ait Hssain Ali 
Published: September 2023

Background Current medical simulators for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are expensive and rely on low-fidelity methodologies. This creates a challenge that demands a new approach to eliminate high costs and integrate with critical care environments, especially in light of the scarce resources and supplies available after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods To address this challenge, we examined the current state-of-the-art medical simulators and collaborated closely with Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), the primary healthcare provider in Qatar, to establish criteria for advancing the cutting-edge ECMO simulation. This article presents a comprehensive ambulatory high-realism and cost-effective ECMO simulator. Results Over the past 3 years, we have surveyed relevant literature, gathered data, and continuously developed a prototype of the system modules and the accompanying tablet application. By doing so, we have successfully addressed the issue of cost and fidelity in ECMO simulation, providing an effective tool for medical professionals to improve their understanding and treatment of patients requiring ECMO support. Conclusions This paper will focus on presenting an overall ambulatory ECMO simulator, detailing the various sub-systems and emphasizing the modular casing of the physical components and the simulated patient monitor.
Clinical observations in treatment of lower extremity varicose veins with trigger points acupuncture
Authors: Liu Lin , Wu Zong-Hui , Huang Qiang-Min , Liu Qing-Guang , Wang Li-Na , Jin Xiao-Hong 
Published: September 2023

Objectives To observe the effect of the acupuncture of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins (LEVVs). Methods Overall, 260 patients with LEVVs participated in this study. LEVVs were selected based on diagnostic criteria of Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology levels 2–5 and classified into six types on the basis of their anatomical positions. The MTrPs in the lower extremities were localized in accordance with the classification of LEVVs and treated by MTrPs acupuncture combined with self-massage and self-stretching. The interval between each treatment was 2 weeks to 1 month, depending on needling pain tolerance of each patient. An in-house evaluation was used to estimate the proportion of varicose veins in the lower limbs and their accompanying symptoms. The treatment effect was evaluated before each treatment and at 1-year follow-up. Results The mean evaluation score of LEVVs before the treatment course was 3.66 ± 1.19. After the course, this reduced to 1.18 ± 0.97, with the following response rates: 85% for excellent and good and 15% for medium. After 1-year follow-up, the mean evaluation score of all patients was 1.11 ± 0.92, with the following response rates: 87% for excellent and good, and 13% for medium. Conclusions In some patients, MTrP acupuncture could cure LEVVs and its accompanying symptoms. These LEVVs are probably caused by fascia tension as a pre-pathology induced by the MTrPs.