bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing patterns of myopia control contact lenses among optometrists in Ireland
Authors: Moore Michael , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Loughman James 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data investigated the prescribing patterns of soft myopia control contact lens (MCCL) treatments since their introduction in Ireland in 2017.MethodsAnonymised EMR data were sourced from 33 optometry practices in Ireland from 2017 to 2021 to determine the number of practices prescribing MCCLs to myopic children 5–18 years old. In MCCL‐prescribing practices, the proportion of contact lens wearing children fitted with MCCLs and the proportion of progressive (≤−0.25 D/year) myopic children fitted with MCCLs were determined. Logistic regression was used to determine which factors influenced the likelihood of being prescribed a MCCL.ResultsOverall, just 10 practices were found to prescribe MCCLs of any type. The Coopervision MiSight contact lens was used in 85% of all MCCL fittings with most other fits being off‐label multifocals. The use of MCCLs rose from 3% of contact lens fits in 2017 to 27% in 2021. Children fitted with MCCLs were on average younger (12.2 ± 2.3 years vs. 15.4 ± 2.1 years) but more myopic (−3.46 ± 1.84 D vs. −3.03 ± 1.69 D) than those fitted with standard contact lenses. The most predictive factors for being fitted with MCCLs were year of examination (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 2.13, 3.03), younger age (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.64) and greater myopia (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.39).ConclusionClinician engagement in myopia management has increased in Ireland since the formal introduction of MCCLs, but more than two‐thirds of practices included are yet to offer this form of myopia management. The proportion of children with progressive myopia that has been prescribed MCCLs has increased, but the majority of children are still managed for vision correction only. There is significant scope for improving the uptake of evidence‐based myopia control treatments and for optimising the age and degree of myopia at which such interventions are initiated.
Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm delivery: Systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Klebanoff Mark A. , Schuit Ewoud , Lamont Ronald F. , Larsson Per‐Göran , Odendaal Hein J. , Ugwumadu Austin , Kiss Herbert , Petricevic Ljubomir , Andrews William W. , Hoffman Matthew K. , Shennan Andrew , Seed Paul T. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Emel Lynda M. , Bhandaru Vinay , Weiner Steven , Larsen Michael D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) increases preterm delivery (PTD) risk, but treatment trials showed mixed results in preventing PTD.ObjectivesDetermine, using individual participant data (IPD), whether BV treatment during pregnancy reduced PTD or prolonged time‐to‐delivery.Data SourcesCochrane Systematic Review (2013), MEDLINE, EMBASE, journal searches, and searches (January 2013–September 2022) (“bacterial vaginosis AND pregnancy”) of (i) clinicaltrials.gov; (ii) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; (iii) World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Portal; and (iv) Web of Science (“bacterial vaginosis”).Study Selection and Data ExtractionStudies randomising asymptomatic pregnant individuals with BV to antibiotics or control, measuring delivery gestation. Extraction was from original data files. Bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Analysis used “one‐step” logistic and Cox random effect models, adjusting gestation at randomisation and PTD history; heterogeneity by I2. Subgroup analysis tested interactions with treatment. In sensitivity analyses, studies not providing IPD were incorporated by “multiple random‐donor hot‐deck” imputation, using IPD studies as donors.ResultsThere were 121 references (96 studies) with 23 eligible trials (11,979 participants); 13 studies (6915 participants) provided IPD; 12 (6115) were incorporated. Results from 9 (4887 participants) not providing IPD were imputed. Odds ratios for PTD for metronidazole and clindamycin versus placebo were 1.00 (95% CI 0.84, 1.17), I2 = 62%, and 0.59 (95% CI 0.42, 0.82), I2 = 0 before; and 0.95 (95% CI 0.81, 1.11), I2 = 59%, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.12), I2 = 0, after imputation. Time‐to‐delivery did not differ from null with either treatment. Including imputed IPD, there was no evidence that either drug was more effective when administered earlier, or among those with a PTD history.ConclusionsClindamycin, but not metronidazole, was beneficial in studies providing IPD, but after imputing data from missing IPD studies, treatment of BV during pregnancy did not reduce PTD, nor prolong pregnancy, in any subgroup or when started earlier in gestation.
The optimal balance of controlled and spontaneous processing in insight problem solving:fMRIevidence from Chinese idiom guessing
Authors: Liu Di , Hao Lei , Han Lei , Zhou Ying , Qin Shaozheng , Niki Kazuhisa , Shen Wangbing , Shi Baoguo , Luo Jing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCognitive control is a key factor in insight generation. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the generation of insight for different cognitive control remain poorly understood. This study developed a parametric fMRI design, wherein hints for solving Chinese idiom riddles were gradually provided in a stepwise manner (from the first hint, H1, to the final hint, H4). By classifying the step‐specific items solved in different hint‐uncovering steps/conditions, we could identify insightful responses for different levels of spontaneous or controlled processing. At the behavioral level, the number of insightful problem solving trials reached the maximum at a intermediate level of the cognitively controlled processing and the spontaneously idea generating in H3, while the bilateral insular cortex and thalamus showed the robust engagement, implying the function of these regions in making the optimal balance between external hint processing and internal generated ideas. In addition, we identified brain areas, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), angular gyrus (AG), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and precuneus (PreC), whose activities were parametrically increased with the levels of controlled (from H1 to H4) insightful processing which were increasingly produced by the sequentially revealed hints. Further representational similarity analysis (RSA) found that spontaneous processing in insight featured greater within‐condition representational variabilities in widely distributed regions in the executive, salience, and default networks. Altogether, the present study provided new evidence for the relationship between the process of cognitive control and that of spontaneous idea generation in insight problem solving and demystified the function of the insula and thalamus as an interactive interface for the optimal balance of these two processes.
Production and consumption in agri‐food transformations: Rethinking integrative perspectives
Authors: Beacham Jonathan D. , Evans David M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adverse consequences of contemporary agri‐food relations, particularly in terms of public health and environmental sustainability, have led to growing calls—across interdisciplinary research and policy perspectives—for fundamental systemic change. Focusing on the interconnections and ‘workings’ of agri‐food systems, these accounts have coalesced around the vernacular of transformation to think through the possible ways in which these relations might be configured differently. Against this backdrop, the relationship between food ‘production’ and food ‘consumption’ emerges as a key problem. This article revisits debates developed within Sociologia Ruralis approximately two decades ago concerning the terms on which consumption and consumers are brought into agri‐food scholarship, arguing that these are given renewed impetus in the context of contemporary calls for agri‐food transformation. We build on and advance these previous integrative efforts both by taking stock of recent advances in consumption studies and by responding to the shifting contours of food politics. The analysis focuses on the case of alternative proteins and outlines three substantive bodies of scholarship—the geographies of edibility, the economy of qualities and visceral politics—that we suggest offer considerable potential for renewing and updating the development of integrative perspectives on production and consumption. To conclude, we reflect on the theoretical and practical risks of seeking to reconcile ‘production’ and ‘consumption’ and argue that these new integrative concepts may themselves provide more suitable conceptual ‘building blocks’ for exploring the transformation of agri‐food relations.
A Cyclic Agree account of the Romance faire–infinitive causative: New evidence from Catalan
Authors: Pineda Anna , Sheehan Michelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatalan, like Italian and French, displays (notwithstanding certain complications) a pattern in causatives under facere such that the causee can be realized as dative only where its complement is “transitive.” We propose an analysis of this pattern based on Cyclic Agree. On our approach, transitivity‐sensitive dative arises where a probe agrees with a DP that requires case licensing, having previously probed (potentially defectively) a closer XP of any kind. Downward Cyclic Agree is possible, in this context, because neither goal c‐commands the other, which makes them both visible to a single higher probe. This model captures the basic transitivity‐sensitive pattern and the Strict Person–Case Constraint effects observed in this domain as well as the fact that dative is triggered not only by DPs requiring structural/dependent case but also by “defective interveners” (PPs, CPs, case‐marked DPs/clitics). We show that this Agree‐based account has potential advantages over competing dependent‐case approaches.
Study on the Exergy Transfer Characteristics of the Heat Transfer Process of the Tube Heating Furnace
Authors: Wang Lu , Cheng Qinglin , Sun Wei , Qi Yaming , Li Zhidong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aiming to describe the heat transfer process of tubular heating furnace from the angle of energy quality, an exergy transfer model of tubular heating furnace was established to evaluate the energy consumption level of heat furnace. The model is based on the 1-N heat exchange chain theory, innovatively combined with the transfer evaluation index. The temperature distribution in the furnace chamber is calculated by the mathematical model of the zonal method, and then the reduction rate of the heat transfer density and the resistance rate of the heat transfer are calculated. The results show that the exergy potential of the radiant furnace tubes during the heat transfer of the heat furnace is large, and the influences of both the blackness of the furnace wall and the coefficient of convective heat transfer of the exergy transfer of the radiant furnace tubes under steady-state conditions are discussed in detail. With the increase in the blackness of the furnace wall, the exergy density of the flue gas side of the pipe wall increases significantly. With the decrease in the coefficient of convective heat transfer, the exergy density of the working medium side of the tube wall decreases significantly. The energy efficiency of the heat furnace can be improved by adjusting the two parameters in engineering.
Thermal Stability of Additively Manufactured Mar M 509
Authors: Sahu Shreehard , Kumar Bikash , Sahoo Siba Sundar , Jaya Balila Nagamani , Srinivasan Dheepa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Co based superalloy Mar M 509 having excellent high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance is studied via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mar M 509 in the as-printed (AsP) and heat-treated (HT) condition are compared, as a function of two build orientations (longitudinal (L) and transverse (T)), to establish a working range for application of the alloy. The AsP condition has a distinct cellular microstructure (500–600 nm) with 50–60 nm carbide particles decorating the cell boundaries. The L build orientation displays a strong &lt;001&gt; texture, has columnar grains with a grain size of 8–35 μm (along major axis) and a grain aspect ratio of 4, while the T orientation displays a more equiaxed, but bi-modal microstructure with a grain size of 5–28 μm. The room temperature mechanical properties show variability between L and T with T having 15% higher hardness and 34% higher 0.2% yield strength (YS), 30% lower elongation than L. After a short cycle heat treatment at 1250°C, the weld bead structure and cellular boundaries are broken down and there is substantial grain growth in both L (25–33 μm along major axis) and T orientations (5–42 μm), along with coarsening of carbides (250–350 nm). The dislocation density reduces substantially, indicating recrystallisation, and the lattice parameter of the matrix drops significantly, suggesting solute depletion that contributes to precipitate growth and enrichment of the carbides. There is a drop in the yield strength from 860 MPa to 740 MPa in L and from 1150 MPa to 840MPa in T and an increase in ductility from 14% to 23% in L.
Encapsulating and Inkjet-Printing Electronics on Flexible Substrates for Harsh Environment
Authors: Wankhede Sahil , Du Xian , Alshehri Ali , Brashler Keith , Turcan Doru 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We have developed a proof of concept for a flexible sensor in harsh environmental conditions by using the inkjet printing technique. Printing a conductive pattern on a flexible substrate poses several challenges like surface energy mismatch, nonuniform ink deposition, and crack formation leading to poor conductivity. Further, there is a need for a flexible, oil and chemical-resistant encapsulant material to protect the sensor from harsh environments. We proposed a process to overcome these challenges and validated this process by measuring the actual and theoretical resistance values of the printed patterns on the flexible substrates that were found to be comparable. The printed patterns were encapsulated with fluoroelastomer, well-known for excellent oil and chemical resistance. We investigated the effect of a harsh environment on conductivity by submerging it in hydraulic oil at temperatures 80°C–180°C. Results revealed a negligible change in resistance. Thus, we devised a single process that can be used for printing conductive patterns on various flexible substrates like Polyethylene terephthalate, Polydimethylsiloxane, and Silicone rubber. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fluoroelastomer as an encapsulant for the harsh environment was investigated.
Food Contact Materials: An Analysis of Water Absorption in Nylon 12 3D Printed Parts Using SLS After VaporFuse Surface Treatment
Authors: Trindade Elizabeth Cristine Adam , Ruest Camille , Deschênes Jean-Sébastien , Brousseau Jean 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a typical method of 3D printing in an industrial environment. It is often used to print different materials, such as metals, ceramics, and plastics. Nylon 12 is the most common plastic and material processed by SLS technology. In the present paper, the water absorption and wettability of Nylon 12 in additive manufacturing (AM) products are explored. The research for obtaining inert, non-absorbent and non-corrosive surfaces, and globally more effective materials to reduce the proliferation of microorganisms is becoming a necessity for the development of novel food contact materials. Surface treatments aim at improving the porosity and general roughness of the material and are expected to improve its hydrophobicity. The wetting state between Nylon 12 and water was studied by measuring the contact angles as primary data. The measurement of absorbed water (ASTM 570) is thus used as an indicator of material quality to prevent bacterial growth and degradation of the material mechanical properties. Therefore, water absorption tests were performed with SLS printed plates with and without surface treatment. Plates with surface treatment showed a mass increase of 0.35 ± 0.04% while those without surface treatment showed a mass increase of 0.76 ± 0.08%.
A Feasibility Study of Additively Manufactured Composite Tooling
Authors: Valentine Max , Radhakrishnan Arjun , Maes Vincent , Pegg Elise , Valero Maria , Kratz James , Dhokia Vimal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As the flexibility and reliability of additive manufacturing (AM) and its corresponding design tools increases, it is becoming a viable option for more industries. One application area that could benefit from AM is composite component manufacture. The layup and molding of composite materials face significant challenges presented by tight design timescales, growing demand for productivity, and the complexity of components and end products. Therefore, there is an immediate potential to save energy by reducing the mass of the curing equipment and tooling to enhance process heat transmission. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the reduction of embodied energy within mold tools that are printed using an AM process. Using an AM approach, it is possible to design lightweight curing tools to increase the curing rate and quality of heat distribution in the mold. The viability of additively producing these cure tools was assessed by analyzing the geometrical precision of the composite mold outputs, material utilization, and heat transmission qualities of each sample. In this study, 14 cure tools were designed and manufactured with a 100 mm2 curing surface area, top plate thickness of 1–2 mm, and stiffening lattices behind the curing surface with a depth of 10 mm. Four lattice geometries, gyroid, dual-wall gyroid, planar diamond, and stochastic, were tested based on their overall geometrical accuracy and thermal responsiveness. While the stochastic lattice had the best single tool properties, the planar diamond and gyroid lattice tools had better potential for future use in the design of additively manufactured composite tooling.
Effect of Build Geometry and Porosity in Additively Manufactured CuCrZr
Authors: Kulkarni Anup , Peddiraju Vivek C. , Chatterjee Subhradeep , Srinivasan Dheepa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The current work presents an understanding of microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of build geometry and build orientation in Cu-Cr-Zr via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties have been compared in the as-printed (AP) and heat treated (HT) LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr, between cylindrical and cube geometries, along the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) build orientations. Varying porosity levels were observed that yielded parts with 96–97% relative density in the AP condition. The AP microstructure, characterized by a combination of optical and electron microscopic techniques, demonstrated a hierarchical microstructure, comprising of grains (2.5–100 μm) with a cellular substructure (400–850 nm) and intracellular nanoscale (20–60 nm) precipitates enriched in Cu and Zr. Unlike most materials in the AP condition, crystallographic texture was found to be absent; however, very distinct river like patterns highlighted a novel characteristic of the LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr. Upon solutionizing and aging, Cr precipitates were seen heterogeneously nucleating along cell boundaries (0.5–1.3 μm), causing up to 45% enhancement in the strength and a 4–5% lower ductility. The yield strength along the transverse orientation was 10–16% higher than that of longitudinal orientation, in both the AP and HT conditions. Fracture surface of the tensile samples exhibited micro-voids and cleavage facets and unmelted particles. In spite of the observed defects, the overall mechanical properties matched well with those obtained in nearly dense (&gt; 99%) samples and the mechanical property debit was less than 10%.
Temperature Field Monitoring in Fused Filament Fabrication Process Based on Physics-Constrained Dictionary Learning
Authors: Lu Yanglong , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Compressed sensing takes advantage of the sparsity of data representation in the reciprocal space and achieves data compression. The performance of compressed sensing however depends on the measurement and basis matrices. To maximize the sparsity level of recovered coefficient vectors, dictionary learning has been developed to optimize the basis matrices for specific signals. Nevertheless, the theoretically optimal results from dictionary learning can be difficult to achieve in manufacturing process monitoring because the physical realization is restricted by the number of sensors, physical sizes of sensors, and sensor accessibility in the manufacturing environment. In this work, a physics-constrained dictionary learning (PCDL) approach is proposed to optimize the measurement and basis matrices separately with the considerations of these restrictions. The uniqueness of the PCDL is that there is only one non-zero entry in each row in the optimized measurement matrix so that the physical locations for the sensor placement are directly determined. Additional constraints of sensor accessibility are also incorporated. The proposed PCDL is demonstrated with thermal imaging for fused filament fabrication process monitoring. High-resolution thermal images are reconstructed with the optimized basis matrix and the limited pixel values at the optimized locations to allow for efficient monitoring.
In-Process Mechanical Working of Additive Manufactured Rene 41
Authors: James William Sean , Ganguly Supriyo , Pardal Goncalo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In developing the wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process for creep resistant alloys for defence applications, structures were built from nickel-based superalloy Rene 41 (RE41). The performance of the additive manufactured alloy was analysed for applications including components used in high-speed flight environments, where external structures could reach service temperatures of up to 1000 K. As a single use system with relatively short flight times of &lt; 1 hour, components will be highly stressed to minimise structural mass. In this paper, three wall structures were deposited using a plasma transferred arc process, in a layer-by-layer manner where each layer was mechanically worked by machine hammer peening directly after deposition. With a constant impact frequency, three different travel speeds for the peening tool were used for each wall structure. To understand the most effective cold working parameters, samples were tested and analysed for their mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics after aging treatment. Samples were tested at room temperature and compared with results of both non-worked heat-treated AM material and wrought data obtained from literature review.
Heat-treated only material showed a typical dendritic structure with large columnar grains, and peened material showed a significantly different grain structure. No noticeable difference was observed in the formed phases between the two conditions. Mechanical testing showed promising results with a significant improvement over the non-worked strength. Intermediate and slow peening speeds were very effective, achieving UTS and YS results close to that of the wrought alloy, with a similar increase in the elastic modulus compared to non-worked material. However, faster peening speeds were less effective at returning the material to wrought strength.