bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health literacy affected the residents’ knowledge, attitude, practice for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Ling Jianchun , Jiang Hui , Wang Xuchun , Rao Huaxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultistage stratified random sampling was used to explore the relationship of health literacy with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in residents aged 15–69 years old in Shanxi Province. The questionnaire, which was issued by the Chinese Center for Health Education, consisted of a health literacy questionnaire and a COVID-19 prevention and control KAP questionnaire. According to the national unified scoring method, the participants were divided into two groups: those who with adequate health literacy and those who with inadequate health literacy. The results of the answer to each KAP question were compared between the two groups by Chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Binary logistic regression was used to control confounding effects of socio-demographic characteristics to draw relatively reliable conclusions. A total of 2700 questionnaires were distributed, and 2686 valid questionnaires were returned, with an efficiency rate of 99.5%. Health literacy qualified was identified for 18.32% (492/2686) in Shanxi Province. Compared with the inadequate health literacy group, people with adequate health literacy had a higher corrected answer rate in 11 knowledge-related questions (all P < 0.001); showed more positive answer to each attitude-related question in the three aspects, namely, responsibility for the prevention and control of infectious disease transmission, evaluation for COVID-19-related information release and reporting, and evaluation for the government’s COVID-19 prevention and control results (all P < 0.001); and acted more actively in the practice concerning appropriate self-prevention and control behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak (all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that with adequate health literacy played a positive role in each of the contents of COVID-19 prevention and control KAP (ORs were between 1.475 and 4.862, all P < 0.001). Health literacy is closely related to COVID-19 prevention and control KAP in the general population of Shanxi Province. People with high score of health literacy were generally better able to grasp COVID-19 prevention and control knowledge, have more positive attitudes toward prevention and control, and perform better prevention and control behaviors. Promoting residents’ health literacy by targeted health education can play an important and positive role in dealing with the threat of major infectious diseases outbreaks.
Devising a deep neural network based mammography phantom image filtering algorithm using images obtained under mAs and kVp control
Authors: Park Sung Soo , Ku Young Mi , Seo Kyung Jin , Whang In Yong , Hwang Yun Sup , Kim Min Ji , Jung Na Young 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study whether deep neural network based algorithm can filter out mammography phantom images that will pass or fail. With 543 phantom images generated from a mammography unit, we created VGG16 based phantom shape scoring models (multi-and binary-class classifiers). Using these models we designed filtering algorithms that can filter failed or passed phantom images. 61 phantom images obtained from two different medical institutions were used for external validation. The performances of the scoring models show an F1-score of 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65, 0.72) for multi-class classifiers and an F1-score of 0.93 (95% CI 0.92, 0.95) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97 (95% CI 0.96, 0.98) for binary-class classifiers. A total of 42 of the 61 phantom images (69%) were filtered by the filtering algorithms without further need for assessment from a human observer. This study demonstrated the potential to reduce the human workload from mammographic phantom interpretation using the deep neural network based algorithm.
Health data justice: building new norms for health data governance
Authors: Shaw James , Sekalala Sharifah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe retention and use of health-related data by government, corporate, and health professional actors risk exacerbating the harms of colonial systems of inequality in which health care and public health are situated, regardless of the intentions about how those data are used. In this context, a data justice perspective presents opportunities to develop new norms of health-related data governance that hold health justice as the primary objective. In this perspective, we define the concept of health data justice, outline urgent issues informed by this approach, and propose five calls to action from a health data justice perspective.
Abnormal proliferation of gut mycobiota contributes to the aggravation of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bao Li , Zhang Ying , Zhang Guoying , Jiang Dechun , Yan Dan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) constitutes a worldwide health threat, and the underlying mechanism for the development and progression of T2D is complex and multifactorial. During the last decade, gut commensal bacteria have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation of T2D and related metabolic disorders. However, as a considerable component in gut microbiome, the relationship between mycobiota and T2D and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. As a proof-of-concept, we observed that the ablation of the commensal fungi in mice can protect HFD (High fat diet) induced insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Both ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) sequencing and culture-dependent analysis show the enrichment of Candida albicans in samples from individuals with T2D (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100042049). Repopulation with C. albicans in HFD mice accelerated insulin resistance and related disorders. Mechanically, we found the β-glucan from C. albicans mirrored the deteriorating effect of C. albicans through the dectin-1 dependent pathway. Our current findings support that gut mycobiota play an important role in the progress of T2D and indicated the preventing of gut mycobiota is a promising strategy to alleviate insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunctions.
Parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large-scale pre-trained language models
Authors: Ding Ning , Qin Yujia , Yang Guang , Wei Fuchao , Yang Zonghan , Su Yusheng , Hu Shengding , Chen Yulin , Chan Chi-Min , Chen Weize , Yi Jing , Zhao Weilin , Wang Xiaozhi , Liu Zhiyuan , Zheng Hai-Tao , Chen Jianfei , Liu Yang , Tang Jie , Li Juanzi , Sun Maosong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the prevalence of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and the pre-training–fine-tuning paradigm, it has been continuously shown that larger models tend to yield better performance. However, as PLMs scale up, fine-tuning and storing all the parameters is prohibitively costly and eventually becomes practically infeasible. This necessitates a new branch of research focusing on the parameter-efficient adaptation of PLMs, which optimizes a small portion of the model parameters while keeping the rest fixed, drastically cutting down computation and storage costs. In general, it demonstrates that large-scale models could be effectively stimulated by the optimization of a few parameters. Despite the various designs, here we discuss and analyse the approaches under a more consistent and accessible term ‘delta-tuning’, where ‘delta’ a mathematical notation often used to denote changes, is borrowed to refer to the portion of parameters that are ‘changed’ during training. We formally describe the problem and propose a unified categorization criterion for existing delta-tuning methods to explore their correlations and differences. We also discuss the theoretical principles underlying the effectiveness of delta-tuning and interpret them from the perspectives of optimization and optimal control. Furthermore, we provide a holistic empirical study on over 100 natural language processing tasks and investigate various aspects of delta-tuning. With comprehensive study and analysis, our research demonstrates the theoretical and practical properties of delta-tuning in the adaptation of PLMs.
Mapping the consumer foodshed of the Kampala city region shows the importance of urban agriculture
Authors: Hemerijckx Lisa-Marie , Nakyagaba Gloria Nsangi , Sseviiri Hakimu , Janusz Katarzyna , Eichinger Michelle , Lwasa Shuaib , May Julian , Verburg Peter H. , Van Rompaey Anton 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to rapid urbanisation, food systems in sub-Saharan African cities are increasingly under pressure. Through the lens of a foodshed, this paper quantitatively analyses the spatial extent of the food provisioning area for consumers of different socio-economic status in Kampala (Uganda). Based on a primary dataset of surveys with households and food vendors, we map the foodshed by registering where consumers obtain their food, and the origin of where it is grown. We show that 50% of the food consumed in the city originates from within a 120 km proximity to Kampala, including 10% from within the city itself. At present, urban agricultural activities are twice as important as international imports for the urban food provision. Established, high-income urban dwellers have a more local foodshed due to their broad participation in urban agriculture, while low-income newcomers rely heavily on retailers who source food from rural Uganda.
Revised Storegga Slide reconstruction reveals two major submarine landslides 12,000 years apart
Authors: Karstens Jens , Haflidason Haflidi , Berndt Christian , Crutchley Gareth J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Storegga Slide is the largest known exposed submarine landslide in the world, which triggered a tsunami that inundated the coasts of northern Europe ~8,150 years ago. Previous studies suggested the removal of 50–70 m of sediment from the northern slide scar segment, contributing half of the total slide volume of up to 3200 km³. However, new sediment echosounder profiles and sedimentological constraints show that most material within the northern Storegga slide scar had already failed ~20,000 years ago, at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. We refer to this previously undetected slope failure as the Nyegga Slide. In our revised slope failure reconstruction, the Nyegga Slide removed more than 35 m of sediments that were previously attributed to the tsunamigenic Storegga Slide. This implies that large slope failures at the mid-Norwegian margin occur more frequently than previously thought, indicating a higher tsunami hazard for the North Atlantic.
Sciences et société au prisme de la pandémie de Covid-19 : la recherche sur les origines naturelles du SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jouvenet Morgan 
Published: March 2023

La « crise de la Covid-19 » a constitué un moment important de débats – sur la marche de la science et les conditions de travail des scientifiques – dont on peut déjà tirer quelques leçons de sociologie des sciences. C’est le but de ce texte, qui s’intéresse tout particulièrement aux recherches sur l’histoire du virus SARS-CoV-2. D’abord, l’intérêt pour son origine a entraîné des prises de parole qui ont révélé avec une grande clarté la dépendance de nos savoirs vis-à-vis de choix politiques, et montré combien le crédit scientifique reposait aussi sur un travail réalisé en dehors des laboratoires. Cette crise a en outre valorisé des spécialités émergentes ou délaissées, soulignant l’hétérogénéité des modes de production des connaissances. Enfin, elle a nettement rapproché la virologie du cadre scientifique et politique de l’« anthropocène ». La question de l’origine du virus demeure toutefois ouverte, faisant l’objet d’une controverse qui enrichit encore son intérêt sociologique.
Behandlung und LDL-Cholesterin-Einstellung von Patienten mit hohem und sehr hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko in Deutschland und im europäischen Vergleich – Daten des SANTORINI-Registers
Authors: Stürzebecher Paulina Elena , Tünnemann-Tarr Adrienn , Tuppatsch Katja , Laufs Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die ESC/EAS-Leitlinien von 2019 zum Dyslipidämie-Management empfehlen LDL-Cholesterin (LDL-C) Zielwerte gemäß dem kardiovaskulären (CV) Risiko des Patienten. SANTORINI untersucht als erste große europäische Beobachtungsstudie seit Einführung der Leitlinien 2019, ob sich das Lipidmanagement von Patienten mit hohem und sehr hohem CV Risiko verbessert hat.
Methoden SANTORINI ist eine multinationale Registerstudie an 9602 Patienten ≥ 18 Jahre mit hohem und sehr hohem CV Risiko, die eine lipidsenkende Therapie benötigen. Primäres Ziel der Studie ist die Dokumentation der Effektivität aktueller Behandlungsstrategien zum LDL-C-Management in der täglichen Praxis.
Ergebnisse Für diese Analyse lagen vollständige Baselinedaten für 2086 Patienten in Deutschland und 6958 Patienten in Europa vor. Die CV Risikoklassifizierung durch die Behandler erfolgte bei > 50 % der Patienten auf Basis der ESC/EAS-Leitlinien von 2019 und ergab ein hohes CV Risiko für 15,6 % (173/1112) bzw. ein sehr hohes CV Risiko für 84,4 % (939/1112) der Patienten in Deutschland (Europa: 20,7 % [743/3594] hohes, 79,3 % [2851/3594] sehr hohes CV Risiko). Eine unabhängige Nachberechnung, basierend auf diesen Guidelines, ergab dagegen ein hohes bzw. sehr hohes CV Risiko für 4,1 % (46/1112) bzw. 94,5 % (1051/1112) der Patienten in Deutschland. Auch im europäischen Vergleich wurde das CV Risiko in ca. 10 % der Fälle unterschätzt.Zu Studienbeginn erhielten 59,5 % (1241/2086) der Patienten in Deutschland und 52,6 % (3661/6958) der Patienten in Europa eine lipidsenkende Monotherapie und 19,9 % (416/2086, Deutschland) bzw. 25,2 % (1753/6958, Europa) eine Kombinationstherapie. 78,6 % (1640/2086) der Patienten in Deutschland verfehlten die in den ESC/EAS-Leitlinien empfohlenen LDL-C-Zielwerte (Europa: 71,7 % [4989/6958]).
Fazit Die ESC/EAS Leitlinien-Empfehlungen von 2019 werden nur bei einer Minderheit der Patienten umgesetzt. Die Studie identifiziert Chancen zur Verbesserung der Prävention von CV Erkrankungen in Deutschland.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Selected Plant-Derived Homeopathic Medicines for their Action against Cervical Cancer
Authors: Singh Tejveer , Aggarwal Nikita , Thakur Kulbhushan , Chhokar Arun , Yadav Joni , Tripathi Tanya , Jadli Mohit , Bhat Anjali , Kumar Arun , Narula Ritika Hasija , Gupta Pankaj , Khurana Anil , Bharti Alok Chandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Plant-derived homeopathic medicines (HMs) are cheap and commercially available but are mechanistically less explored entities than conventional medicines.
Purpose The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of selected plant-derived HMs derived from Berberis aquifolium (BA), Berberis vulgaris (BV), Mentha piperita (MP), Curcuma longa (CL), Cinchona officinalis (CO), Thuja occidentalis (TO) and Hydrastis canadensis (HC) on cervical cancer (CaCx) cells in vitro.
Methods We screened the mother tincture (MT) and 30C potencies of the above-mentioned HMs for anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity on human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative (C33a) and HPV-positive CaCx cells (SiHa and HeLa) by MTT assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) and the free-radical scavenging activity of each HM was also determined using standard assays. Phytochemicals reportedly available in these HMs were examined for their potential inhibitory action on HPV16 E6 by in silico molecular docking.
Results All tested MTs induced a differential dose-dependent cytotoxic response that varied with cell line. For C33a cells, the order of response was TO > CL > BA > BV > HC > MP > CO, whereas for SiHa and HeLa cells the order was HC > MP > TO > CO > BA > BV > CL and CL > BA > CO, respectively. 30C potencies of all HMs showed an inconsistent response. Further, anti-CaCx responses displayed by MTs did not follow the order of an HM's phenolic content or free radical scavenging activity. Analysis revealed anti-oxidant content of BA, BV and HC had the lowest contribution to their anti-CaCx activity. Using in silico modeling of molecular docking between the HPV16 E6 protein crystallographic structures (6SJA and 4XR8) and main phytochemical components of BV, BA, HC, CL and TO, their potential to inhibit the HPV16 E6 protein carcinogenic interactions was identified.
Conclusion The study has shown a comparative evaluation of the potential of several plant-derived MTs and HMs to affect CaCx cell line survival in vitro (through cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging) and their theoretical molecular targets in silico for the first time. Data demonstrated that MTs of BA and BV are likely to be the most potent HMs that strongly inhibited CaCx growth and have a strong anti-HPV phytochemical constitution.
Wideband Acoustic Immittance in Children
Authors: Shahnaz Navid , Aithal Sreedevi , Bargen Gabriel A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs wideband absorbance (WBA) gains popularity, it is essential to understand the impact of different middle ear pathologies on the absorbance patterns as a function of frequency in children with various middle ear pathologies. More recently, the use of wideband tympanometry has enabled clinicians to conduct WBA at ambient pressure (WBAamb) as well as the pressurized mode (WBATPP). This article reviews evidence for the ability of WBA measurements to accurately characterize the normal middle ear function across a wide range of frequencies and to aid in differential diagnosis of common middle ear disorders in children. Absorbance results in cases of otitis media with effusion, negative middle ear pressure, Eustachian tube malfunction, middle ear tumors, and pressure equalization tubes will be compared to age-appropriate normative data. Where applicable, WBAamb as well as WBATPP will be reviewed in these conditions. The main objectives of this article are to identify, assess, and interpret WBAamb and WBATPP outcomes from various middle ear conditions in children between the ages of 3 and 12 years.
Homogeneous water nucleation in argon, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide as carrier gases
Authors: Lukianov Mykola , Lukianova Tetiana , Hrubý Jan 
Published: March 2023

Experimental results for homogeneous nucleation of water droplets in the presence of argon, nitrogen, and, for the first time, nitrous oxide as carrier gases are reported. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different carrier gases on the nucleation rate. These gases differ in the number of atoms comprising the molecule, which affects the expansion ratio required to reach the target nucleation temperature. The experiments cover nucleation temperatures from 220 to 260 K, nucleation pressures from 40 to 73 kPa, supersaturations of 6.5–20, and nucleation rates ranging from about 4 × 105 to 4 × 109 cm–3 s–1. The new data obtained with a modernized expansion chamber utilizing the nucleation pulse method show good agreement with the available literature data. Another important point of our work is the application of real gas corrections to calculate the nucleation temperature and supersaturation. The results show that the influence of carrier gases on nucleation rate in the investigated pressure range is modest (less than a factor of 7), while without the real gas correction, the apparent effect of carrier gas is significant, with differences as high as a factor of 90.
Analysing (cosmological) singularity avoidance in loop quantum gravity using U

(1)3

coherent states and Kummer’s functions
Authors: Giesel Kristina , Winnekens David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using a new procedure based on Kummer’s Confluent Hypergeometric Functions, we investigate the question of singularity avoidance in loop quantum gravity (LQG) in the context of U

(
1

)

3

complexifier coherent states and compare obtained results with already existing ones. Our analysis focuses on the dynamical operators, denoted by

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

, whose products are the analogue of the inverse scale factor in LQG and also play a pivotal role for other dynamical operators such as matter Hamiltonians or the Hamiltonian constraint. For graphs of cubic topology and linear powers in

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

, we obtain the correct classical limit and demonstrate how higher order corrections can be computed with this method. This extends already existing techniques in the way how the involved fractional powers are handled. We also extend already existing formalisms to graphs with higher-valent vertices. For generic graphs and products of

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

, using estimates becomes inevitable and we investigate upper bounds for these semiclassical expectation values. Compared to existing results, our method allows to keep fractional powers involved in

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

throughout the computations, which have been estimated by integer powers elsewhere. Similar to former results, we find a non-zero upper bound for the inverse scale factor at the initial singularity. Additionally, our findings provide some insights into properties and related implications of the results that arise when using estimates and can be used to look for improved estimates.
Regular black holes with sub-Planckian curvature
Authors: Ling Yi , Wu Meng-He 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We construct a sort of regular black holes with a sub-Planckian Kretschmann scalar curvature. The metric of this sort of regular black holes is characterized by an exponentially suppressing gravity potential as well as an asymptotically Minkowski core. In particular, with different choices of the potential form, they can reproduce the metric of Bardeen/Hayward/Frolov black hole at large scales. The heuristical derivation of this sort of black holes is performed based on the generalized uncertainty principle over curved spacetime which includes the effects of tidal force on any object with finite size which is bounded below by the minimal length.
Generation and manipulation of pure spin current in a conducting loop coupled to an Aharonov–Bohm ring
Authors: Majhi Joydeep , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work we put forward a new prescription for the generation and manipulation of non-decaying pure spin current (SC) in a Rashba spin–orbit (SO) coupled conducting loop which is attached to an Aharonov–Bohm (AB) ring. In presence of a single link between the rings, a SC is established in the flux-free ring, without accompanying any charge current (CC). The magnitude and direction of this SC are controlled by means of the AB flux, without tuning the SO coupling, which is the central aspect of our study. Employing a tight-binding framework we describe the two-ring quantum system, where the effect of magnetic flux is incorporated through Peierls phase factor. The specific roles of AB flux, SO coupling and the connectivity among the rings are critically investigated which yield several non-trivial signatures in energy band spectrum and pure SC. Along with SC, the phenomenon of flux-driven CC is also discussed, and at the end, different other effects like electron filling, system size and disorder are analyzed to make the present communication a self contained one. Our detailed investigation may provide some key aspects of designing efficient spintronic devices where SC can be guided in an other way.