bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field test of computer-vision-based gaze estimation in psychology
Authors: Valtakari Niilo V. , Hessels Roy S. , Niehorster Diederick C. , Viktorsson Charlotte , Nyström Pär , Falck-Ytter Terje , Kemner Chantal , Hooge Ignace T. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComputer-vision-based gaze estimation refers to techniques that estimate gaze direction directly from video recordings of the eyes or face without the need for an eye tracker. Although many such methods exist, their validation is often found in the technical literature (e.g., computer science conference papers). We aimed to (1) identify which computer-vision-based gaze estimation methods are usable by the average researcher in fields such as psychology or education, and (2) evaluate these methods. We searched for methods that do not require calibration and have clear documentation. Two toolkits, OpenFace and OpenGaze, were found to fulfill these criteria. First, we present an experiment where adult participants fixated on nine stimulus points on a computer screen. We filmed their face with a camera and processed the recorded videos with OpenFace and OpenGaze. We conclude that OpenGaze is accurate and precise enough to be used in screen-based experiments with stimuli separated by at least 11 degrees of gaze angle. OpenFace was not sufficiently accurate for such situations but can potentially be used in sparser environments. We then examined whether OpenFace could be used with horizontally separated stimuli in a sparse environment with infant participants. We compared dwell measures based on OpenFace estimates to the same measures based on manual coding. We conclude that OpenFace gaze estimates may potentially be used with measures such as relative total dwell time to sparse, horizontally separated areas of interest, but should not be used to draw conclusions about measures such as dwell duration.
A Heating Mechanism via Magnetic Pumping in the Intracluster Medium
Authors: Ley Francisco , Zweibel Ellen G. , Riquelme Mario , Sironi Lorenzo , Miller Drake , Tran Aaron 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Turbulence driven by active galactic nuclei activity, cluster mergers, and galaxy motion constitutes an attractive energy source for heating the intracluster medium (ICM). How this energy dissipates into the ICM plasma remains unclear, given its low collisionality and high magnetization (precluding viscous heating by Coulomb processes). Kunz et al. proposed a viable heating mechanism based on the anisotropy of the plasma pressure under ICM conditions. The present paper builds upon that work and shows that particles can be heated by large-scale turbulent fluctuations via magnetic pumping. We study how the anisotropy evolves under a range of forcing frequencies, what waves and instabilities are generated, and demonstrate that the particle distribution function acquires a high-energy tail. For this, we perform particle-in-cell simulations where we periodically vary the mean magnetic field
B
(t). When
B
(t) grows (dwindles), a pressure anisotropy P
⊥ > P
∥(P
⊥ < P
∥) builds up (P
⊥ and P
∥ are, respectively, the pressures perpendicular and parallel to
B
(t)). These pressure anisotropies excite mirror (P
⊥ > P
∥) and oblique firehose (P
∥ > P
⊥) instabilities, which trap and scatter the particles, limiting the anisotropy, and providing a channel to heat the plasma. The efficiency of this mechanism depends on the frequency of the large-scale turbulent fluctuations and the efficiency of the scattering the instabilities provide in their nonlinear stage. We provide a simplified analytical heating model that captures the phenomenology involved. Our results show that this process can be relevant in dissipating and distributing turbulent energy at kinetic scales in the ICM.
The GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky Survey for Pulsars and Transients. V. Localization of Two Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Sharma Shyam S. , Roy Jayanta , Kudale Sanjay , Bhattacharyya Bhaswati , Behera Arpit K. , Singh Shubham 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The timing follow-up of newly discovered millisecond pulsars (MSPs) is hindered by the larger positional uncertainty (a few tens of arcminutes) associated with the discovery. In this paper, we present the localization of two MSPs, discovered by the GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky survey, up to arcsecond accuracy using a 33 MHz offline coherently dedispersed gated correlator. This gated correlator is an upgraded version of the earlier 16 MHz design. This new development with a factor of 2 enhancement in the observing bandwidth offers better sensitivity in the image domain, leading to more precise localization. Aided by the precise position, we followed up these two MSPs with sensitive phased-array (PA) beams of upgraded GMRT from 300 to 1460 MHz. More sensitive observations in the PA mode for these two MSPs yield precise (∼sub-μs) time-of-arrivals, with dispersion measure uncertainties in the range of 10−4–10−5 pc cm−3. We also report the profile evolution of the two MSPs over 300–1460 MHz. Finally, we discuss the suitability of these MSPs for the pulsar timing array experiments aimed to detect low-frequency gravitational waves.
The Formation of Hard Very High Energy Spectra from Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows via Two-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission
Authors: Khangulyan Dmitry , Taylor Andrew M. , Aharonian Felix 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Electron Compton scattering of target photons into the gamma-ray energy band (inverse Compton scattering; IC) is commonly expected to dominate the very high energy (VHE) spectra in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) especially during the afterglow phase. For sufficiently large center-of-mass energies in these collisions, the effect of the electron recoil starts reducing the scattering cross-section (the Klein–Nishina regime). The IC spectra generated in the Klein–Nishina regime is softer and has a smaller flux level compared to the synchrotron spectra produced by the same electrons. The detection of afterglow emission from nearby GRB190829A in the VHE domain with H.E.S.S. has revealed an unexpected feature: the slope of the VHE spectrum matches well the slope of the X-ray spectra, despite expectations that, for the IC production process, the impact of the Klein–Nishina effect should be strong. The multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution appears to be inconsistent with predictions of one-zone synchrotron–self-Compton models. We study the possible impact of two-zone configuration on the properties of IC emission when the magnetic field strength differs considerably between the two zones. Synchrotron photons from the strong magnetic field zone provide the dominant target for cooling of the electrons in the weak magnetic field zone, which results in a formation of hard electron distribution and consequently of a hard IC emission. We show that the two-zone model can provide a good description of the Swift's X-ray Telescope and VHE H.E.S.S. data.
CHIME/FRB Discovery of 25 Repeating Fast Radio Burst Sources
Authors: The CHIME/FRB Collaboration  , Andersen Bridget C. , Bandura Kevin , Bhardwaj Mohit , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Cassanelli Tomas , Chatterjee S. , Chawla Pragya , Cook Amanda M. , Curtin Alice P. , Dobbs Matt , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Faber Jakob T. , Fandino Mateus , Fonseca Emmanuel , Gaensler B. M. , Giri Utkarsh , Herrera-Martin Antonio , Hill Alex S. , Ibik Adaeze , Josephy Alexander , Kaczmarek Jane F. , Kader Zarif , Kaspi Victoria , Landecker T. L. , Lanman Adam E. , Lazda Mattias , Leung Calvin , Lin Hsiu-Hsien , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Mckinven Ryan , Mena-Parra Juan , Meyers Bradley W. , Michilli D. , Ng Cherry , Pandhi Ayush , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pen Ue-Li , Petroff Emily , Pleunis Ziggy , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Rahman Mubdi , Ransom Scott M. , Renard Andre , Sand Ketan R. , Sanghavi Pranav , Scholz Paul , Shah Vishwangi , Shin Kaitlyn , Siegel Seth , Smith Kendrick , Stairs Ingrid , Su Jianing , Tendulkar Shriharsh P. , Vanderlinde Keith , Wang Haochen , Wulf Dallas , Zwaniga Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present the discovery of 25 new repeating fast radio burst (FRB) sources found among CHIME/FRB events detected between 2019 September 30 and 2021 May 1. The sources were found using a new clustering algorithm that looks for multiple events colocated on the sky having similar dispersion measures (DMs). The new repeaters have DMs ranging from ∼220 to ∼1700 pc cm−3, and include sources having exhibited as few as two bursts to as many as twelve. We report a statistically significant difference in both the DM and extragalactic DM (eDM) distributions between repeating and apparently nonrepeating sources, with repeaters having a lower mean DM and eDM, and we discuss the implications. We find no clear bimodality between the repetition rates of repeaters and upper limits on repetition from apparently nonrepeating sources after correcting for sensitivity and exposure effects, although some active repeating sources stand out as anomalous. We measure the repeater fraction over time and find that it tends to an equilibrium of

2.6

−
2.6

+
2.9

% over our total time-on-sky thus far. We also report on 14 more sources, which are promising repeating FRB candidates and which merit follow-up observations for confirmation.
Estimating the Evolution of Sparks in the Partially Screened Gap of Pulsars from Subpulse Drifting
Authors: Basu Rahul , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A novel scheme has been developed to show that the observed phase behavior associated with subpulse drifting from two pulsars, J1034−3224 and J1720−2933, can be used to obtain the magnetic field configuration in the partially screened gap (PSG). The outflowing plasma along the open magnetic field line region of pulsars is generated as a result of spark discharges in an inner acceleration region (IAR) above the polar cap. The IAR has been modeled as a PSG with a steady supply of positively charged ions emitted from the heated polar cap surface dominated by strong non-dipolar magnetic fields. In a PSG the sparks are tightly packed and constrained to be present along the polar cap boundary. The sparks lag behind the rotation of the star during their lifetimes. As a result, the sparking pattern evolves along two different directions in a clockwise and counterclockwise manner around a stationary central spark and can be associated with the observed phenomenon of subpulse drifting. PSR J1034−3224 has four prominent components and exhibits bi-drifting where alternate components show the opposite sense of drifting, while PSR J1720−2933 has a single component profile and shows systematically coherent drift bands. We show that the differences in their drifting behavior can be directly linked to different natures of the non-dipolar surface magnetic field configurations.
On the Anticorrelation between Duration and Redshift in Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Lloyd-Ronning Nicole , Johnson Jarrett , Cheng Roseanne M. , Luu Ken , Sanderbeck Phoebe Upton , Kenoly Lailani , Toral Celia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with durations greater than two seconds (so-called long GRBs), the intrinsic prompt gamma-ray emission appears, on average, to last longer for bursts at lower redshifts. We explore the nature of this duration–redshift anticorrelation, describing systems and conditions in which this cosmological evolution could arise. In particular, we explore its dependence on the metallicity of a massive star progenitor, because we can securely count on the average stellar metallicity to increase with decreasing redshift. Although stars with higher metallicity/lower redshift lose mass and angular momentum through line-driven winds, in some cases these stars are able to form more extended accretion disks when they collapse, potentially leading to longer-duration GRBs. We also examine how this duration–redshift trend may show up in interacting binary models composed of a massive star and compact object companion, recently suggested to be the progenitors of radio-bright GRBs. Under certain conditions, mass loss and equation-of-state effects from massive stars with higher metallicity and lower redshift can decrease the binary separation. This can then lead to spin-up of the massive star and allow for a longer-duration GRB upon the massive star’s collapse. Finally, the duration–redshift trend may also be supported by a relatively larger population of small-separation binaries born in situ at low redshift.
Riqueza de mamíferos no voladores en un remanente de bosque andino en Soacha (Cundinamarca, Colombia)
Authors: Díaz-S‍ Vanessa , Mahecha-J‍ Oscar , Bolívar‍ Laura , Vásquez-A Estephania , Gómez Sandra 
Published: April 2023

La región andina de Colombia alberga la mayor parte de la población humana en el país, lo que conlleva a que se genere un gran impacto ambiental en los distintos biomas de montaña, provocado por diversas actividades antrópicas, tales como: la construcción de infraestructura para redes electicas, vías e hidroeléctricas, la minería, entre otras. Esto puede ocasionar la disminución y pérdida de especies, como es el caso de los mamíferos, los cuales presentan un rol ecológico valioso, puesto que cumplen diversas funciones en el mantenimiento de las redes tróficas y el equilibrio del hábitat, además de prestar diversos servicios ecosistémicos. Por tal razón, los mamíferos son usados como bioindicadores debido a la alta sensibilidad a los cambios en la estructura del paisaje, lo que provoca cambios en los patrones de diversidad, por lo que son idóneos para elaborar iniciativas de conservación. No obstante, aún es desconocida la composición de especies de mamíferos en diferentes áreas geográficas del país, en especial las áreas que están cerca de las grandes ciudades como Bogotá. El presente estudio pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la riqueza de mamíferos no voladores en un bosque andino en Soacha, Cundinamarca. Se realizaron muestreos desde abril-2015 a enero-2016, empleando métodos estandarizados como recorridos diurnos y nocturnos, cámaras trampa, trampas Sherman y Tomahawk. Se reporta una riqueza total de 18 especies, destacando especies como Choloepus hoffmanni, Cryptotis thomasi, Aoutus lemurinus, Nasua nasua, Nasuella olivacea, Cuniculus taczanowskii, y Mustela frenata. Pese a ser un bosque periurbano aledaño a la ciudad de Bogotá, en el área de estudio se evidenció la presencia de especies de mamíferos no voladores emblemáticos y endémicos de los biomas de montaña para el país, como es el caso del mico nocturno A. lemurinus, lo que permitió inferir el buen estado de conservación del bosque andino en el área de estudio, sugiriendo la importancia de esta zona, como un punto geográfico importante para mantener la conectividad con otros remanentes de bosque andino presentes en la región.
Recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Chimeric Protein Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against Viral Challenge
Authors: Mambelli Fábio , Marinho Fábio V , Andrade Juvana M , de Araujo Ana C V S C , Abuna Rodrigo P F , Fabri Victor M R , Santos Bruno P O , da Silva João S , de Magalhães Mariana T Q , Homan E Jane , Leite Luciana C C , Dias Greicy B M , Heck Nicoli , Mendes Daniel A G B , Mansur Daniel S , Báfica André , Oliveira Sergio C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 has accounted for more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the existing tuberculosis vaccine, is known to induce heterologous effects over other infections due to trained immunity and has been proposed to be a potential strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this report, we constructed a recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing domains of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins (termed rBCG-ChD6), recognized as major candidates for vaccine development. We investigated whether rBCG-ChD6 immunization followed by a boost with the recombinant nucleocapsid and spike chimera (rChimera), together with alum, provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mice. A single dose of rBCG-ChD6 boosted with rChimera associated with alum elicited the highest anti-Chimera total IgG and IgG2c Ab titers with neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain when compared with control groups. Importantly, following SARS-CoV-2 challenge, this vaccination regimen induced IFN-γ and IL-6 production in spleen cells and reduced viral load in the lungs. In addition, no viable virus was detected in mice immunized with rBCG-ChD6 boosted with rChimera, which was associated with decreased lung pathology when compared with BCG WT-rChimera/alum or rChimera/alum control groups. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of a prime-boost immunization system based on an rBCG expressing a chimeric protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 to protect mice against viral challenge.
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of odontogenic jaw cysts treated by decompression technique
Authors: Mustansir-Ul-Hassnain Syed , Chandavarkar Vidyadevi , Mishra Mithilesh Narayan , Patil Pavan Manohar , Bhargava Deepak , Sharma Ritika 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Odontogenic cysts are among the most common lesions to affect the oral and maxillofacial region. Cysts are capable of causing significant bony disfigurement, tooth displacement and pathological fractures. Several surgical approaches exist for the management of larger cysts of the jaws. These include enucleation, marsupialization and decompression.

Aims:
1. Analysis of histopathologic findings in odontogenic cysts before and after decompression
2. Analysis of Ki-67 expression in odontogenic jaw cysts before and after decompression.

Settings and Design:
Decompression technique was used for the treatment of 10 cases of odontogenic cysts in the study. Incisional biopsies of cystic lining (pretreatment) and corresponding excisional biopsies (posttreatment) were received for histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination.

Subjects and Methods:
Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used for histopathologic findings, and Ki-67 was used for immunohistochemical findings using antibody Ki-67 in fresh tissue samples.

Results:
Overall, radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, and sialo-odontogenic cyst contained fewer Ki-67 + cells than odontogenic keratocysts. The average scores were found to be 2.2 and 1 for before and after decompression, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. The two-tailed P value was found to be <0.0001. The confidence interval was found to be 95%.

Conclusions:
The proliferative activity evaluated by Ki-67 marker was greater in predecompression epithelial lining compared to postdecompression. Our study infers that proliferative rate of the cystic epithelial lining is significantly diminished after decompression.
Erosive oral lichen planus inflicts higher cellular stress than reticular type
Authors: Jana Abhishek , Thomas Jincy , Ghosh Pratiti 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease which frequently involves the oral mucosa. The most common types of oral lichen planus (OLP) are reticular (asymptomatic) and erosive (ulcerative) with malignant potentiality. The aims of the present study are to assess the cellular stress level in both types of OLP lesions with respect to oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation.

Materials and Methods:
Freshly diagnosed untreated 25 OLP reticular type and 25 OLP erosive (OLP-E) type patients aged 35–55 years were enrolled in the study along with age and sex-matched 25 healthy subjects as control. Tissue antioxidant enzymes were measured biochemically, single-cell DNA damage was measured by comet assay and the molecular markers for inflammation were assessed by using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results:
Oxidative stress was significantly greater in OLP-E type compared to the reticular. mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly elevated (P < 0.0001) in erosive form, but such expression of nuclear factor kappa beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase did not significantly differ between the two disease groups. Comet assay revealed a higher degree of DNA strand breakage in erosive lesions.

Conclusions:
The unhandled free radicals may imbalance the homeostatic network toward pro-inflammatory, DNA damaging responses, creating a vicious cell-damaging spree resulting in stress. Molecular analyses showed that erosive lichen planus is more under stress than the reticular form.
Antifungal effects of tulsi, garlic, cinnamon and lemongrass in powder and oil form on Candida albicans
Authors: Prajapati Mitul , Shah Monali , Ranginwala Amena , Agrawal Prakhar , Acharya Dhruval , Thakkar Shreya 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The use of plants for treating diseases is as old as the human species. Medicinal plants have been a major source of therapeutic agents for alleviation and cure of diseases.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal activity of garlic, cinnamon, lemongrass and tulsi in powder and oil form at different concentrations on Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods:
Powder and oil of garlic, cinnamon, lemongrass and Tulsi dissolved in inert solvent dimethyl formamide to obtain different concentration. Stock solution of different concentration was inoculated on Petri plates containing C. albicans and incubated at 30°C for 48 h. The inhibition zones were measured in millimeters using Vernier caliper. The collected data were analyzed using statistical test like mean value and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Maximum zone of inhibition for the C. albicans was 42 mm at concentrations of 50% for the oil of lemongrass; followed by cinnamon 40 mm, garlic 24 mm and tulsi 20 mm. The P value obtained 0.050, 0.040, 0.036 and 0.031 were found to be statically significant for C. albicans at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentrations of the various oil preparations, respectively. The P value obtained 0.043, 0.033, 0.032 and 0.027 were found to be statically significant for C. albicans at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentrations of various plant powder, respectively.

Conclusions:
Lemongrass and cinnamon oil shows best antifungal effect against C. albicans as compared to garlic and tulsi. Compared to powder preparations, the oil preparations are better to inhibit the growth and higher the concentrations, greater the zone of inhibition seen in all the plant extracts and in oil.
Secretory carcinoma of salivary gland – A systematic review of pediatric case reports and case series
Authors: Vasanthi V , Ramadoss R 
Published: April 2023

Aim:
Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a new pathological entity of salivary gland origin recognized as Secretory Carcinoma (SC) in the WHO 2017 classification. Pediatric cases of MASC were reviewed systematically from 2010 to 2019.

Materials and Methods:
Databases were searched from 2010 to 2019 for pediatric case reports and case series, excluding retrospective studies. A total of 12 manuscripts were reviewed for clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings.

Results:
A total of 13 pediatric cases (11 case reports and 1 case series of 2 cases) of MASC in pediatric patients were found. The youngest reported age was 5 years. The common site was parotid gland usually presenting as a slowly growing firm, painless mass.

Conclusion:
MASC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in pediatric population, especially from parotid gland. Extended research on such recent entities with more inputs from new cases reported in literature may outstretch the possibilities of therapeutic fusion inhibition in future.