bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology formation during the nonisothermal thermally‐induced phase separation (TIPS) process
Authors: Ranjbarrad Samira , Chan Philip K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn high‐viscosity polymer solutions and blends, temperature variations during the quench process of the thermally‐induced phase separation (TIPS) influence the dynamics and thermodynamics of phase separation. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of temperature variations on the morphology formation during the TIPS process. First, the influence of temporal temperature variations on phase separation is investigated by coupling a transient heat conduction model and the Cahn–Hilliard equation, and the results are compared with the isothermal phase separation process. Next, the morphology formation during phase separation is inspected by applying quench from two opposite sides of the sample to the same and different temperatures through coupling the Fourier heat transfer equation and the Cahn–Hilliard equation. The influence of the enthalpy of demixing on the morphology formation and the competition between the heat and mass transfer is also evaluated. It is confirmed that temporal variations of temperature alone have a significant impact on the morphology formation during the TIPS process. In addition, quenching the system to the same and different temperatures both leads to anisotropic morphology formation, which is affected by the quench rate, quench temperature, solution viscosity, and enthalpy of demixing. Upon applying different quench temperatures from opposite sides, two different types of morphologies and droplet sizes were formed as a result of the difference in the cooling rates between the two sides. Employing the enthalpy of demixing during phase separation induced a shallow quench effect on the deep quench side due to the fact that the heat moved toward the lowest temperature in the system, which led to the formation of a distinctive structure.
Adenine‐Functionalized Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica as Bifunctional Catalyst for CO2 Fixation into Cyclic Carbonate
Authors: Guha Nikita , Krishnan Sarathkumar , Gupta Sheetal , Rai Dhirendra K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCycloaddition of CO2 with epoxide to form cyclic carbonate is one of the most promising approaches to mitigate the rising level of CO2 in the atmosphere. Therefore, the design and synthesis of new materials which can efficiently catalyze such reactions has become an important research area. This article reports on the synthesis of a new material, adenine functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DAD), by functionalizing the surface of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) with an N‐containing heterocyclic nucleobase adenine using a bifunctional isocyanate crosslinker ((EtO)3Si(CH2)3NCO). The surface amine functionalities enable DAD to show selective CO2 adsorption (0.44 mmol/g, at 1 bar CO2 pressure and 298 K temperature) due to acid‐base interaction between CO2 and amine groups. Moreover, DAD efficiently catalyzes the fixation of CO2 with a variety of epoxides into corresponding cyclic carbonates in the presence of TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) co‐catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The DFNS skeleton of DAD offers a high surface area for enhanced CO2 adsorption, while its organic surface groups, adenine and carbamide, boost the selectivity and activate the epoxide ring and CO2 for cycloaddition reaction. The strong covalent linkage of surface groups in DAD renders robust structural integrity, enabling the catalyst to be recycled multiple times with negligible reduction in its catalytic performance.
Implicit propagation of directly addressed grids in lattice Boltzmann methods
Authors: Kummerländer Adrian , Dorn Márcio , Frank Martin , Krause Mathias J. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryLattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) are well suited to highly parallel computational fluid dynamics simulations due to their separability into a perfectly parallel collision step and a propagation step that only communicates within a local neighborhood. The implementation of the propagation step provides constraints for the maximum possible bandwidth‐limited performance, memory layout and usage of vector instructions. This article revisits and extends the work on implicit propagation on directly addressed grids started by A‐A
and its shift‐swap‐streaming (SSS) formulation
by reconsidering them as transformations of the underlying space filling curve. In this work, a new periodic shift (PS) pattern is proposed that imposes minimal restrictions on the implementation of collision operators and utilizes virtual memory mapping to provide consistent performance across a range of targets. Various implementation approaches as well as time dependency and performance anisotropy are discussed. Benchmark results for SSS and PS on SIMD CPUs including Intel Xeon Phi as well as Nvidia GPUs are provided. Finally, the application of PS as the propagation pattern of the open source LBM framework OpenLB
is summarized.
Equifinality in infancy: The many paths to walking
Authors: Schneider Joshua L. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany different pathways can lead to the same result or developmental outcome. What are the developmental routes that result in the onset of walking? In this longitudinal study, we documented patterns of infant locomotion during everyday activities at home for 30 prewalking infants. Using a milestone‐based design, we focused on observations spanning the two months before the onset of walking (M age at walk onset = 11.98 months,SD = 1.27). We examined how much time infants spent in motion and when they moved, whether they were more likely to do so while prone (crawling) or upright with support (cruising or supported walking). Results showed immense variability in infants’ practice regimes en route to walking—some infants spent relatively similar amounts of time crawling, cruising, and supported walking at each session, others preferred one method of travel over the alternatives, and some switched between different types of locomotion from session to session. In general, however, infants spent a larger share of their movement time in upright positions compared to prone. Finally, our densely sampled dataset revealed a clear feature of locomotor development: infants follow many distinct and variable paths to walk onset, regardless of the age at which it is attained.
Effects of a small amount of H2O on negative ion mobility and ion‐molecule reactions in O2 at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Okuyama Yui , Yasuzawa Yuka , Sugawara Hirotake 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we have measured the negative ion mobility in O2 at high pressures with a little amount of H2O concentration between 15 and 17,000 ppb. After that, we carried out a Monte Carlo simulation using mobility of electrons, that of the ions obtained in the measurements, and rate coefficients of ion‐molecule reactions. As a result, the mobility value 2.39 cm2/V·s of O4¯ is obtained in ultrahigh purity O2 of which the H2O concentration is between 15 and 100 ppb. Moreover, the mobility decreases with the H2O concentrations at which the ion species are considered to be O2¯·(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 3). Then, we compared the experimental result with that of the simulation and estimated the ion mobility and rate coefficients of ion molecule reactions. Simulation results using estimated values of the ion mobility and rate coefficients agree well with measurement results.
Comprehensive analysis of T‐cell receptor repertoires reveals antigen‐driven T‐cell clusters in patients with Behçet's syndrome
Authors: Zou Jun , Li Bin , Li Dan , Bao Hua‐fang , She Chun‐hui , Ye Jing‐fen , Cai Jian‐fei , Guan Jian‐long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractT lymphocytes are the major components of adaptive immunity in Behçet's syndrome (BS) pathology. However, the precise mechanism of T‐cell‐induced inflammatory condition remains to be determined. We applied bulk sequencing of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) β chain in peripheral blood samples from 45 patients with BS and 10 healthy donors as controls. TCR repertoires in BS patients displayed more clonality and less diversity than in healthy donors. Male patients exhibited lower diversity metrics of TCR and had a larger proportion in the top 10 clones than females (p = 0.016). There were no TCR clonality differences in other clinical features, such as age, disease duration, organ involvement, disease severity, and activity. By “Grouping of Lymphocyte Interactions by Paratope Hotspots” (GLIPH2) for antigen prediction, we found distinct 2477 clusters of TCR‐β sequences that potentially recognize similar antigens shared between BS patients. We observed clonal T‐cell expansion in BS patients. Sexual differences in TCR clonal expansion and public TCR groups deserve further study to reveal the underline T‐cell‐mediated immunity in BS.
Recent advances of Au@Ag core–shell SERS‐based biosensors
Authors: Awiaz Gul , Lin Jie , Wu Aiguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe methodological advancements in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique with nanoscale materials based on noble metals, Au, Ag, and their bimetallic alloy Au–Ag, has enabled the highly efficient sensing of chemical and biological molecules at very low concentration values. By employing the innovative various type of Au, Ag nanoparticles and especially, high efficiency Au@Ag alloy nanomaterials as substrate in SERS based biosensors have revolutionized the detection of biological components including; proteins, antigens antibodies complex, circulating tumor cells, DNA, and RNA (miRNA), etc. This review is about SERS‐based Au/Ag bimetallic biosensors and their Raman enhanced activity by focusing on different factors related to them. The emphasis of this research is to describe the recent developments in this field and conceptual advancements behind them. Furthermore, in this article we apex the understanding of impact by variation in basic features like effects of size, shape varying lengths, thickness of core–shell and their influence of large‐scale magnitude and morphology. Moreover, the detailed information about recent biological applications based on these core–shell noble metals, importantly detection of receptor binding domain (RBD) protein of COVID‐19 is provided.
Adult neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Choi Se Hoon , Tanzi Rudolph E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age‐related dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive disturbances. The hippocampus, where adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a relatively novel form of brain plasticity that refers to the birth of new neurons, occurs, is one of the first brain regions to be affected in AD patients. Recent studies showed that AHN persists throughout life in humans, but it drops sharply in AD patients. Next questions to consider would be whether AHN impairment is a contributing factor to learning and memory impairment in AD and whether restoring AHN could ameliorate or delay cognitive dysfunction. Here, we outline and discuss the current knowledge about the state of AHN in AD patients, AHN impairment as a potentially relevant mechanism underlying memory deficits in AD, therapeutic potential of activating AHN in AD, and the mechanisms of AHN impairment in AD.
Interventions to increase uptake of influenza vaccination in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brillo Eleonora , Tosto Valentina , Buonomo Ersilia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaternal influenza vaccination has been introduced in several countries to prevent influenza‐related morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, fetuses, and infants too young to be vaccinated.ObjectivesTo analyze the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of pregnant women‐focused interventions to increase influenza vaccination uptake during pregnancy.Search StrategyMedline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Trial were searched on August 25, 2021.Selection CriteriaRCTs assessing the effectiveness of pregnant women‐focused interventions in increasing influenza vaccination among pregnant women were included.Data Collection and AnalysisTwo independent reviewers extracted data. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs).Main ResultsSeven RCTs were selected. Overall, the interventions had a significant effect in increasing influenza vaccination during pregnancy compared with standard care (OR 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.54; P = 0.001; I2 = 67%). However, subgroup analysis suggested that influenza vaccination uptake only was associated with educational interventions (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.93–3.81; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%).ConclusionsWe found that several educational interventions for pregnant women can effectively increase influenza vaccination uptake in this population. Specifically, pamphlets, websites, and brief one‐to‐one education can be effective tools.RegistrationCRD42021269478.
Subspace shrinkage in conjugate Bayesian vector autoregressions
Authors: Huber Florian , Koop Gary 
Published: February 2023

SummaryMacroeconomists using large datasets often face the choice of working with either a large vector autoregression (VAR) or a factor model. In this paper, we develop a conjugate Bayesian VAR with a subspace shrinkage prior that combines the two. This prior shrinks towards the subspace which is defined by a factor model. Our approach allows for estimating the strength of the shrinkage and the number of factors. After establishing the theoretical properties of our prior, we show that it successfully detects the number of factors in simulations and that it leads to forecast improvements using US macroeconomic data.
Encouragement from the right source: Evaluating the impact of the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Certification Program in the Ohio Western Lake Erie Basin
Authors: Walpole Hugh D. , Wilson Robyn S. , Vollmer‐Sanders Carrie L. , Johnson Kris A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHarmful algal blooms are a considerable environmental issue predominantly caused by runoff of nutrients from agricultural lands. One high‐profile set of practices promoted to combat this threat is the 4Rs of nutrient stewardship that concern using the right source of nutrients at the right rate and right time in the right place. While outreach for agricultural conservation is often undertaken by governmental or nonprofit entities, there is increasing interest in engaging agricultural retailers to leverage the trust that already exists between farmers and their agribusiness professionals. The 4R Nutrient Stewardship Certification Program, implemented in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) in 2014, certifies crop advising companies and agronomy retailers or Nutrient Service Providers (NSPs) to promote best practices in nutrient management. This program has since grown and now exists in six US states and the province of Ontario and Prince Edward Island in Canada. Using a survey of farmers in the WLEB, we investigate the impact of working with certified NSPs over time on farmers’ reported 4R‐related behaviors. We find evidence that working with a certified NSP has a positive impact on 4R behaviors that is independent of other potential explanations for this change (e.g., farmer concern about nutrient loss, local regulatory efforts, and exposure to general 4R‐related outreach). Overall, these results suggest that the 4R Nutrient Stewardship Certification Program is having an independent, positive impact on farmer behavior, and engaging with agricultural retailers and agronomists can be effective at advancing adoption of environmentally impactful nutrient management practices.
Three toes and three modes: Dynamics of terrestrial, suspensory, and vertical locomotion in brown‐throated three‐toed sloths (Bradypodidae, Xenarthra)
Authors: Young Melody W. , McKamy Andrew J. , Dickinson Edwin , Yarbro Johnathan , Ragupathi Ashwin , Guru Navjot , Avey‐Arroyo Judy A. , Butcher Michael T. , Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiving sloths exhibit numerous anatomical specializations towards inverted quadrupedalism, however, previous studies have noted a more varied locomotor repertoire than previously anticipated. In this study, we present spatiotemporal gait characteristics and triaxial kinetic data from the brown‐throated three‐toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) across three locomotor modes: terrestrial quadrupedal “crawling”, suspensory walking, and vertical climbing. Compared to quadrupedal crawling and suspensory walking, B. variegatus adopted longer contact times and stride durations, larger duty factors, and greater speed during vertical climbing. Net fore‐aft impulses were significantly greater during vertical climbing in both limb pairs than in quadrupedal crawling and suspensory walking. Functionally, during quadrupedal crawling and vertical climbing, both limb pairs served propulsive roles, while differentiation between a propulsive forelimb and braking hindlimb was observed during suspension. Net tangential forces differentiated vertical climbing kinetics from the other modes of locomotion, with the introduction of bidirectional pulling and pushing forces in the forelimb and hindlimb, respectively. The net mediolateral impulses were similar in vertical climbing and quadrupedal crawling as both limb pairs directed forces in one direction, whereas during suspensory walking, the laterally dominant forelimb was opposed by the medially dominant hindlimb. In total, this study provides novel data on the diverse locomotor dynamics in a slow‐moving arboreal tetrapod and posits new testable hypotheses about the neuroplasticity and ease of transitioning between locomotor behaviors. The strikingly similar kinetic profiles of quadrupedal crawling and suspensory walking compared to vertical climbing suggest shared neuromuscular and mechanical demands between these mirrored locomotor modes.
The impact of development strategy choice on capital mobility and economic growth
Authors: Kenh Sovath 
Published: February 2023

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) has been widely acknowledged as a prominent vehicle to transfer technology, increase productivity and promote economic growth in recipient countries. However, FDI's contribution to economic growth can be more or less pronounced across countries conditioned on the development strategy adopted. This paper theoretically and empirically explores the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth when a comparative advantage development strategy is followed and when it is defied. By employing cross‐country panel data evidence for 72 countries over the 1971–2019 period, the results suggest that FDI is an essential driver for economic growth. However, the greater the level of defiance from comparative advantages estimated by the technology choice index (TCI), the lower the FDI inflow contributes to economic growth. The findings are more significant for the instrumental variable approach postulating the potential endogeneity of FDI and TCI and decomposed FDI by sector.
Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions: Insights from intensity–frequency structure
Authors: Zhao Yin , Li Jian , Li Puxi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBesides the respective importance of the frequency, intensity and diurnal cycle of precipitation, the diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure could reveal more physical details about the evolution process of precipitation systems. Here, an objective method to quantitatively depict the diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure of precipitation is proposed, and applied to complex terrains of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings. Results show the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the high terrain has a unimodal night peak, while low terrain with a frequency‐dominated night peak and an intensity‐dominated afternoon peak. Both weak and intense precipitation are more frequent at night than those in the afternoon over unimodal regions compared to bimodal regions. Further analysis reveals different diurnal evolution process of intensity–frequency structure within unimodal and bimodal regions, respectively, which reflects different spatiotemporal traits and evolution process of precipitation. Among unimodal regions, the elevated southeastern TP is featured by the synchronous decrease in both weak and intense precipitation from the night peak to the afternoon minimum. While the decrease of total precipitation in regions with lower terrain is dominated by the decrease of intense precipitation, but with an increase in weak precipitation simultaneously. Regarding bimodal regions, the intense precipitation over southern Hengduan Mountains has a more prominent role in leading the diurnal cycle of precipitation amount, compared with that over the southeastern Yungui Plateau. The proposed method provides a new perspective with more physical details to investigate precipitation characteristics in complex terrains, which could be further used to reasonably evaluate and improve the performance of numerical models.
Northern bobwhite subspecies exhibit reduced survival and reproduction when translocated outside their native range
Authors: Palarski John , Kubečka Bradley W. , Rollins Dale , Ruzicka Rebekah E. , Mathewson Heather A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe popularity of translocation as a conservation tool to reintroduce and re‐stock existing populations of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) to restored habitat has increased following decades‐long decline; however, population sources are limited to a few areas in the United States where stable or increasing populations remain. Understanding how demographic parameters of translocated individuals vary by source region and subspecies will help increase the effectiveness of translocation as a recovery tool. Our objectives were to compare survival, movements, and reproduction of 2 translocated subspecies of bobwhite. We translocated 665 bobwhites (n = 253 northwest Texas [C. v. taylori];n = 412 south Texas [C. v. texanus]) to an 890‐ha site in northcentral Texas, USA, during March 2019–2021 and radio‐marked 380 (n = 184 northwest Texas;n = 196 south Texas). The northwest subspecies is considered the subspecies native to the release site. Radio‐marked bobwhites from south Texas were 1.25 times (95% CI = 0.98–1.60) more likely to die on the study site than individuals from northwest Texas. Home ranges (95% kernel density estimator) were larger for bobwhites sourced from northwest Texas (51 ha, 95% CI = 39–63 ha) compared to individuals from south Texas (32 ha, 95% CI = 22–42 ha). Individuals from northwest Texas were 1.5 times (95% CI = 1.10–1.80) more likely to leave the study site but 3.2 times (95% CI = 2.32–4.19) more likely to return to the study site after dispersing. Radio‐marked bobwhites from northwest Texas produced 44% more nests per female than birds from south Texas. Managers who wish to use non‐native subspecies of bobwhite to supplement a translocation effort should be cognizant of the potential reductions in survival and reproduction that may occur.