bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding short-range order in cation-disordered rocksalt materials using Metropolis non-negative matrix factorisation
Authors: Hua Xiao , Dean Thomas , Cussen Serena A , Goodwin Andrew L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a methodology for accessing the cation short-range ordering (SRO) in disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials by decomposing their pair distribution function (PDF) pattern in terms of a set of basis PDFs, pre-determined via Metropolis non-negative matrix factorisation analysis. These basis PDFs, underpinned by structure modelling, point to specific SRO types that subsequently enable identification and quantification of their presence in the DRX structure. Rapid identification of the evolution of SRO addresses a key bottleneck in the analysis and understanding of high energy density characteristics of DRX materials.
Vortex dynamics and on the mechanism of vertical force enhancement in inclined stroke flapping wings
Authors: Shanmugam Deepthi , Vengadesan Sankaranarayanan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The rigorous numerical investigation of the class of inclined stroke plane flapping wings has brought to light the vertical force enhancement due to dipole jet interaction. In this study, the class of inclined stroke plane flapping wings with varying inter-plane distances and stroke inclinations are studied for vertical force generation. The configurations with stroke plane angles of 60° and 75° are found to produce significantly high vertical forces. Further, wake structures of the tandem flapping wing in an inclined stroke plane show various types of dipole vortex shedding and dipole jet interactions. The identified types of dipole jet interactions help in the understanding of vertical force trends of the forewing, hindwing, and hence the tandem wing configuration as a whole. It reveals the potential dipole jet interaction producing the highest vertical force in tandem wing configurations. In all, the study can classify the flows of the tandem wing configurations based on vortex shedding during hovering conditions and understand its vertical force enhancements. This not only helps in getting physical insights into the vortex dynamics of inclined stroke plane flapping wings but also in the design optimisation of the tandem wing configurations in biomimetic Micro Air vehicles (MAVs).
Investigation on the performance of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) micro-channel
Authors: Ansari Mahamood , Khan Imtiaz Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on microchannel fabrication of Al-10% SiC composite using Wire-EDM process with the applications of single variable and multi variable, optimization. This work was targeted keeping in considerations the wider scope of microchannel applications in the fields such as medical, aerospace, automobile, etc. In this research work, the experiment was conducted to achieve high precision and quality surface finish in terms of minimum surface roughness (SR), high material removal rate (MRR), low tool wear rate (TWR) and optimum spark gap (SG). The used experiments were design on the basis of Taguchi design of experiment approach. Four input process parameters were considered namely, pulse on time (Ton), sparking voltage (SV), wire tension (WT), and wire feed rate (WFR). For the experimentation task, the workpeice (Aluminum and silicon carbide (10% Wt SiCmicro)) material, in a desired shape was fabricated through stir casting process. The tool electrode applied for the experiment purpose had specification as, 0.25 mm diameter brass alloy wire (copper 63 percent and zinc 37 percent). For single variable optimization ANOVA (analysis of variance) was applied while as, for multi variables optimization, grey relational analysis (GRA) was applied. The results of the study indicated that, on the basis of single variable optimization, the highest contribution of Ton resulted in case of the performance measures, MRR and SR while as, for TWR and SG, the highest contribution of sparking voltage, observed. Furthermore, the findings of the study indicated that, on the basis of multi variables optimization, the optimal combination of input process parameters is, pulse on time 125μs, sparking voltage 10 volt, wire tension 12 kgf, and wire feed rate 4 m min−1. These results also get support from the previous research works. The findings of this study be useful for microchannel manufacturing and other related industrial applications.
Natural gas-hydrogen hybrid combustion retrofit method and practice for F-class heavy-duty combustion engines
Authors: Zeng Guofang , Xu Zhiwei , Zhang Zhaozhao , Bai Hongtao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to reduce carbon emissions, enhance the operational flexibility of gas turbine power plants, and fill the gap in practical engineering transformation of natural gas-hydrogen blended combustion in heavy-duty gas turbines, a hydrogen blending retrofit was conducted on an F-class heavy-duty gas turbine combined heat and power unit. This served to examine the problems of combustion chamber tempering, combustion pulsation, and NOx emission increase caused by direct hydrogen-doped combustion in the combustion chamber. In this paper, the gas turbine body and hydrogen mixing system were reformed respectively. Retrofit schemes were proposed that were suitable for two operating conditions: 5%–15% and 15%–30% hydrogen blending. Experimental tests were conducted as a means of evaluating the performance of the retrofitted gas turbine and its compatibility with the boiler and steam turbine. The results of the retrofit showed there to be stable combustion, and there was no significant increase in average burner temperatures or occurrence of flashback. The gas turbine power output mostly remained unchanged and NOx emissions met the regulatory standards. The waste heat boiler flue gas temperature was controlled within the range of 84.9–88.2 °C, meaning that the safe operation of the steam turbine was not affected. The hydrogen blending rate was 0.2 Vol%/s, which indicates a smooth and precise control of the hydrogen blending process. It was estimated that the annual reduction in CO2 emissions would be 11,000 tons and 28,400 tons following respective hydrogen blending at 15% and 30%. A reliable retrofit scheme for hydrogen blending in gas turbines based on practical engineering transformation is presented in this study, which has significant reference value.
Nanocavity enhanced photon coherence of solid-state quantum emitters operating up to 30 K
Authors: Brash A J , Iles-Smith J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Solid-state emitters such as epitaxial quantum dots have emerged as a leading platform for efficient, on-demand sources of indistinguishable photons, a key resource for many optical quantum technologies. To maximise performance, these sources normally operate at liquid helium temperatures (

∼

4

K

), introducing significant size, weight and power requirements that can be impractical for proposed applications. Here we experimentally resolve the two distinct temperature-dependent phonon interactions that degrade indistinguishability, allowing us to demonstrate that coupling to a photonic nanocavity can greatly improve photon coherence at elevated temperatures up to

30

K

that are compatible with compact cryocoolers. We derive a polaron model that fully captures the temperature-dependent influence of phonons observed in our experiments, providing predictive power to further increase the indistinguishability and operating temperature of future devices through optimised cavity parameters.
DecentTree: scalable Neighbour-Joining for the genomic era
Authors: Wang Weiwen , Barbetti James , Wong Thomas , Thornlow Bryan , Corbett-Detig Russ , Turakhia Yatish , Lanfear Robert , Minh Bui Quang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Neighbour-Joining is one of the most widely used distance-based phylogenetic inference methods. However, current implementations do not scale well for datasets with more than 10 000 sequences. Given the increasing pace of generating new sequence data, particularly in outbreaks of emerging diseases, and the already enormous existing databases of sequence data for which Neighbour-Joining is a useful approach, new implementations of existing methods are warranted.

Results
Here, we present DecentTree, which provides highly optimized and parallel implementations of Neighbour-Joining and several of its variants. DecentTree is designed as a stand-alone application and a header-only library easily integrated with other phylogenetic software (e.g. it is integral in the popular IQ-TREE software). We show that DecentTree shows similar or improved performance over existing software (BIONJ, Quicktree, FastME, and RapidNJ), especially for handling very large alignments. For example, DecentTree is up to 6-fold faster than the fastest existing Neighbour-Joining software (e.g. RapidNJ) when generating a tree of 64 000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

Availability and implementation
DecentTree is open source and freely available at https://github.com/iqtree/decenttree. All code and data used in this analysis are available on Github (https://github.com/asdcid/Comparison-of-neighbour-joining-software).
Capabilities, institutions and regional economic development: a proposed synthesis
Authors: Frenken Koen , Neffke Frank , van Dam Alje 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The capability framework in evolutionary economic geography views regional economic development as a process of related diversification through the acquisition of capabilities that render a regional economy more complex. Using this framework, we synthesize seven theoretical notions that hitherto remained rather disconnected: relatedness, complementarity, variety, complexity, diversification, agents of structural change and related variety. We formulate a constructive critique of the capability framework, relaxing the overly restrictive assumption that the presence of capabilities in a region is both necessary and sufficient for complex products to be produced in a region. Instead, we argue that the complexity of a regional economy depends primarily on the institutions that support firms to coordinate production in complex value chains within and across regions. The augmented framework allows for closer integration of evolutionary and relational approaches in economic geography, providing new links between the literature on clusters, innovation systems and global production networks.
15. EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL CAPNOTHORAX VS NON-CAPNOTHORAX DURING THORACOSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY ON CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS AND SURVIVAL IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Gu Yi-Min , Wang Wen-ping , Chen Long-Qi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
To investigate the effect of artificial capnothorax on circulating tumor cells and survival after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China. Between August 2019 and January 2020, 110 patients with resectable esophageal cancer were randomized to undergo non-capnothorax esophagectomy (n = 55) or capnothorax procedures. The analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle. The final follow-up occurred in November 2022. The main outcomes were changes in folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells, 3-year overall survival, and disease-free survival rates.

Results
A total of 110 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. After surgery, the incidence of patients with incremental changes in FR + CTC levels was 18.6% (8/43) in the capnothorax group and 2.7% (1/37) in the non-capnothorax group (P = 0.033) (mean changes, −3.9 ± 3.4 [FU/3 mL] vs −2.4 ± 2.9 [FU/3 mL], respectively; P = 0.039). There were significant differences in the 3-year overall survival rate (81.6% [95%, 72.4–92.0] vs 65.2% [95%, 59.3–78.8]; P = 0.002) and disease-free survival rate (81.6% [95%, 72.4–93.0] vs 61.6% [95%, 50.1–75.7]; P = 0.015) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the artificial pneumothorax approach was a prognostic factor for overall survival (HR: 2.347, 95% CI: 1.053–5.235; P = 0.037) and disease-free survival (HR: 1.325, 95% CI: 1.210–1.451; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Artificial capnothorax during surgery resulted in increased dissemination of circulating tumor cells and worse survival outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy under non-capnothorax should be a recommended procedure.
18. ASSOCIATION OF TUMOR PATHOLOGICAL COMPLETE RESPONSE WITH THE USE OF METFORMIN DURING NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Yun Taeyoung , Kang Chang Hyun , Park Ji Hyeon , Na Bubse , Na Kwon Joong , Park Samina , Lee Hyun Joo , Park In Kyu , Kim Young Tae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Metformin is a standard treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the association of metformin’s additive anticancer response with chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. However, no clinical studies have been reported. Therefore, this study is to aim the administration of metformin use can improve clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patient with neoadjuvant combined chemotherapy and radiation (CCRT).

Methods
A total of 209 patients with esophageal cancer and underlying DM who underwent neoadjuvant CCRT before surgical resection were included from 1998 to 2022. There were 22 patients with metformin medication (10.5%) and 186 patients without metformin (89%). Univariable and multivariable regression analysis were done for complete response effect of metformin medication. Moreover, early clinical outcomes such as, overall survival and disease free survival were compared between the two groups.

Results
The complete response rate was higher for the metformin group (45.5% vs 22.6%; p = 0.019) and the recurrence rate was significantly lower (21.1% vs 45.7%, p = 0.040). The metformin group was associated with complete response rate in univariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.86 [1.15–7.08], p = 0.023) and multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84 [1.12–7.23], p = 0.028). Median follow-up duration was 19.8 months for metformin group, 17.3 months for non-metformin group. Overall 2-year survival rate and disease free survival was higher for metformin group than non-metformin group, (40% vs 26.5%, p = 0.380, 31.6% vs 24.3%, p = 0.095), however, not significant.

Conclusion
An association of metformin use with complete response rate in neoadjuvant CCRT esophageal cancer patients has been shown. The potential of metformin’s tumor response after neoadjuvant CCRT for esophageal cancer has been demonstrated in our study. Further prospective study should be needed for clinical evidence.
20. ADDITIONAL NEOADJUVANT IMMUNOTHERAPY DOESN’T INCREASE THE RISK OF ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Hong Zhinuan , Weng Kai , Jiang Junfei , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nICT) is a promising therapy model for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC), which brought good pathological response. However, there is still a lack of large cohot to confirm the impact of additional impact of additional neoadjuvant immunotherapy on short-term outcomes. The objective of this study lies on assessing the additional neoadjuvant immunotherapy making a difference in patients’ short-term outcomes, particularly the risk of anastomotic leakage (AL) and pathological response.

Methods
Patients with LA-ESCC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy(nCT)/nICT combination with radical esophagectomy were enrolled from three medical centers in China. Baseline data were matched using propensity score matching (1:1, caliper = 0.01) and inverse probability processing weighting(IPTW). Conditional logistic regression and weighted logistic regression analysis were used to further evaluate whether additional neoadjuvant immunotherapy would increased the risk of postoperative AL.

Results
A total of 331 patients LA-ESCC receiving nCT or nICT were enrolled. The application of PSM as well as IPTW ensured baseline data equilibrium. After matching, there were no significant difference in the AL incidence between the two groups (p = 0.68, after PSM; p = 0.97 after IPTW), and the incidence of AL was 15.85% vs. 18.29%, and 14.79% vs. 15.01%, respectively. Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that additional neoadjuvant immunotherapy wasn’t responsible for AL. The nICT group had dramatically higher pCR in primary tumor than the nCT group (9.76% vs. 28.05% after PSM and 7.72% vs. 21.17% after IPTW).

Conclusions
Additional neoadjuvant immunotherapy can benefit pathological reactions without increasing the risk of AL and pulmonary complications. We require further randomized controlled research to validate whether additional neoadjuvant immunotherapy would make a difference in other complications, and determine whether pathologic benefits could translate into prognostic benefits, which would require longer follow-up.
41. HIGH COMPREHENSIVE COMPLICATION INDEX AFTER MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM OUTCOME: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING ANALYSIS
Authors: Chen Dinghang , Cai Junlan , Weng Kai , Hong Zhinuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The comprehensive complication index (CCI) is a new index to comprehensively and systematically evaluate complication severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of CCI on short—and long-term overall survival(OS) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) based on a propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis.

Methods
A total of 356 patients treated with radical MIE from 2013 to 2017 were included, and the primary outcome was OS, and the secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay and hospital costs. Firstly, the optimla cut-off value of CCI was determined by X-tile. PSM was used to balance the baseline characteristics. Second, we compared postoperative hospital stay and hospital costs between high- and low-CCI group. Third, the Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to analyze survival difference. Fourth, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was used to explore the independent risk factors of OS.

Results
The CCI &gt; 24.2 was defined as high-CCI group and CCI≦24.2 was defined as low-CCI group. The high-CCI group had more hospital costs and longer hospital stay than the low-CCI group both before and after PSM (p &lt; 0.001). The K-M analysis indicated that patients with high CCI had worse prognosis both before and after PSM (before matching: P &lt; 0.001; after matching: P = 0.04). CCI was determined as independent prognostic factor both before and after PSM (before PSM, P = 0.002; after PSM, P = 0.025).

Conclusion
The CCI could quantify postoperative complications after esophagectomy. High CCI is associated with longer hospital stay and hospitalization costs, and is an independent risk factor for poor OS.
142. EFFECTS OF PPIS AND P-CAB ON RESPONSES ACCORDING TO OUTCOMES OF SYMPTOM, ENDOSCOPY, AND HISTOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS
Authors: Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Kanamori Atsushi , Sawada Akinari , Tanaka Fumio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aim
Acid-suppressive drugs such as proton pump inhibitors and potassium-competitive acid blockers (PPIs/P-CABs) are often used to treat eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Treatment response is based on outcomes including, symptoms, endoscopy, and histology; however, the detailed response rate to PPI/P-CAB is unknown. We aimed to examine the response rate to PPIs/P-CABs and prevalence of topical corticosteroid (TCS) therapy as the second-line treatment for EoE, and compare efficacy between PPIs and P-CAB.

Methods
In total, 236 patients with histologically confirmed EoE who received PPI/P-CAB as the first-line treatment were included. We assessed the symptoms, endoscopic reference score (EREFS), and histology (eosinophils per high-power field, eos/hpf) 8 weeks after PPI/P-CAB administration. Complete normalization was defined as disappearance of symptoms, EREFS score 0, or 0–1 eos/hpf and response as disappearance or improvement of symptoms, EREFS score ≤ 2, or &lt; 15 eos/hpf. The prevalence of TCS therapy in each response group was assessed.

Results
Complete normalization of PPI/P-CAB was achieved in 25%, 50%, 36%, and 8% of patients for symptoms, endoscopy, histology, and all three outcomes, respectively. The response rates of PPI/P-CAB were 81%, 87%, 87%, 75%, and 60% for symptoms, endoscopy, histology, and all three outcomes, respectively. There were no significant differences in compete normalization and response rate of any outcomes between PPIs and P-CAB. TCS use was significantly lower (8%) in patients who achieved response of all three outcomes than in other groups, and was dependent on the number of outcomes with non-response.

Conclusions
Complete normalization of symptoms, endoscopy, and histology using PPI/P-CAB is uncommon. Based on treatment efficacy by response/non-response, TCS was the secondary treatment in cases with an increase in the number of non-response outcomes. Treatment efficacy of PPIs and P-CAB was similar.
148. COMPARISON OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOME BETWEEN OPEN AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE TRANSTHORACIC ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Swangsri Jirawat , Patraithikul Premkamol , Parakonthun Thammawat , Methasate Asada 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Esophagectomy is a highly invasive surgical procedure for esophageal cancer, with open thoracotomy associated with a significant risk of pulmonary complications. Minimally invasive techniques, such as minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), are expected to reduce these complications and enhance postoperative recovery. This study aimed to compare the early postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent open esophagectomy versus MIE.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using a single-center database from January 1, 2010, to February 28, 2023, including patients aged 18–90 years with a resectable lesion of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction who underwent either open transthoracic esophagectomy or MIE (thoracoscopic/robotic-assisted). Patient data, surgical procedures, interventions, and early outcomes (within 30 days of operation) were collected and analyzed. The study included a total of 76 patients, with 50 patients in open esophagectomy group and 26 patients in MIE group. The primary outcome was the incidence of pulmonary complications during the hospital stay, and logistic regression was used for data analysis.

Results
The overall incidence of pulmonary complications was 37 cases (74%) in the open esophagectomy group and 14 cases (53.8%) in the MIE group, with the incidence of pulmonary infection occurring in 19 cases (38%) and 8 cases (30.8%), respectively. Perioperative mortality was 1 cases (2%) in the open esophagectomy group and 0 cases (0%) in the MIE group. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, COPD, and operative time, the open esophagectomy group had a 4.29 times higher risk of pulmonary complications than the MIE group (odds ratio 4.29, 95% confidence interval 1.30–14.16; p = 0.017).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that MIE is associated with a lower incidence of pulmonary complications, reduced blood loss, and shorter ICU stays compared to open esophagectomy. Rates of anastomosis leakage, vocal cord paralysis, and hospital stays were comparable. These findings support the feasibility and safety of MIE, potentially improving surgical outcomes and enhancing postoperative recovery for the treatment of esophageal cancer.