bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Prinsip Penggembalaan Menurut 1 Petrus 5:1-3 Di Kalangan Hamba Tuhan PGPI Kabupaten Melawi
Authors: Yakob Yakob 
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk mengetahui tingkat implementasi, prinsip dan latar belakang yang dominan menentukan implementasi prinsip penggembalaan berdasarkan I Petrus 5:1-3 di kalangan hamba Tuhan PGPI Kabupaten Melawi. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari sumber literatur daring dan luring, juga dari kuisioner dalam bentuk Google Formulir yang dibagikan kepada 117 responden yaitu para hamba Tuhan di PGPI yang berjumlah 130 orang. Data valid sebanyak 97 orang. Analisis data dengan Skala Likert, dan pengolahan data melalui SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pertama, tingkat implementasi prinsip penggembalaan berdasarkan I Petrus 5:1-3 di kalangan hamba Tuhan PGPI Kabupaten Melawi ada pada kategori tinggi. Hasil ini sangat masuk akal karena para hamba Tuhan PGPI di Kabupaten Melawi telah menjalankan tugas pelayanan dengan sukarela karena panggilan dari Tuhan, bukan karena terpaksa; Kedua, Prinsip yang paling dominan menentukan implementasi prinsip penggembalaan menurut 1 Pet. 5:1-3 adalah prinsip mengembalakan dengan pengabdian diri, hal ini dibuktikan dengankesetiaan para Hamba Tuhan PGPI daerah Melawi yang sudah bertahun-tahun tetap bertahan melayani di suatu daerah karena meyakini bahwa itu tanggung jawab dalam panggilan Tuhan; Ketiga, latar belakang yang paling dominan menentukan implementasi prinsip penggembalaan menurut 1 Pet. 5:1-3 adalah faktor usia, hal ini disebabkan rata-rata rentang usia para hamba Tuhan PGPI tergolong usia produktif.
Households’ Decision to Join an Informal Financial Sector Social Group: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Agesa Jacqueline , Agesa Richard U. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Informal financial market social groups in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) play a vital role in providing savings opportunities for households. Popularly known as Chamas, informal sector social groups in Kenya are of three types: merry-go-round, welfare, and savings and investment groups. Each type is distinguishable by its framework of operation. The current analysis examines demographic, religious, and geographic factors that determine household membership into each type of Chama. Consistent with past research, households with a matriarch disproportionately join Chamas. Additionally, the authors find that matriarch-centered households have significantly greater preference for merry-go-round and welfare Chamas. Households in North Nyanza, South Nyanza, and Eastern and Western regions—all regions dominated by small-scale, agricultural farming—have the greatest propensity to join merry-go-round Chamas. By contrast, households in Eastern parts of the country are more likely to join welfare Chamas while households in arid and semiarid areas of Northern and North Eastern Kenya are unlikely to join any type of Chama. These findings provide new insights into geographic factors that influence households’ utilization of different types of Chama social groups.
The Effect of Weather Shocks on Women’s Labor Supply and the Income of Women-Headed Households in Lesotho
Authors: Moshoeshoe Ramaele , Nchake Mamello A. , Tiberti Luca 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of weather shocks on labor supply decisions and income for rural farming households in Lesotho, disaggregated by the gender of individuals and household heads. Using the Lesotho Agricultural Survey data merged with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the study applies multinomial logit and linear fixed effects (FE) models, along with the Heckman selection model, to analyze the effects of weather shocks on labor choices and household income. Upon controlling for time and community FE, the identification relies on the randomness of weather shocks. This article finds that women are more vulnerable than men to weather shocks, as they are likely to have more limited coping strategies. Drought increases the probability of men choosing to farm, supposedly because they are mostly engaged in relatively shock-resistant agricultural activities, but it does not affect labor supply choices for women. These findings have various policy implications: enhancing women’s access to shock-resistant agricultural practices, promoting climate-smart technologies like irrigation systems and improved seeds to reduce vulnerabilities in women-dominated sectors, and implementing short-term, shock-responsive public assistance programs to support households, especially women, during extreme weather events.
An “Abode of Discipline and Misery”: Wheelbarrow Men, Reformers, and the Penitentiary in Early National Philadelphia
Authors: Nash Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This article explores the role of the “wheelbarrow men” in the evolution of Pennsylvania’s legal system. These men, sentenced under the 1786 “wheelbarrow law” to public labor, became living symbols of the law’s failure as they publicly defied and mocked their punishment. Their acts of resistance spurred a societal and legislative shift, questioning the efficacy of public punishment and igniting debates on criminal reform. The article argues that the wheelbarrow men’s challenges to authority were instrumental in the development of the Walnut Street Prison and later, the Eastern State Penitentiary. By centering the wheelbarrow men’s actions, the article demonstrates how legal practices shifted not just through top-down legislative changes but also through the contentious interactions between law, society, and the individuals subjected to punishment. The article reshapes our understanding of early American criminal justice, highlighting the complex interplay between legal theory and the lived realities of punishment.
Development and Validation of Instrument to Measure Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Smoking in Students
Authors: Cholisoh Zakky , Nugraheni Annisa Vita , Irfanda Defana Rizki 
Published: January 2025

Quit smoking is very important to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by smoking. The purpose of this study was to develop a new tool to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of smoking in students, their motivations, and opinions on smoking cessation by pharmacists. This study was conducted in two phases, instrument development and judgmental evidence. A panel of 3 experts (psychologist, pharmacist, student smoker) was used to validate the instrument through quantitative measures. Whereas 30 respondents were used to justify the reliability of the questionnaire. The instrument consists of 5 domains and 53 questions. The 5 domains are: 1) knowledge; 2) attitude; 3) practice; 4) motivation of quitting smoking; 5) opinion on the help of pharmacist to quit smoking. The developed tool showed high content validity of individual items (I-CVI range: 0.50 to 1.00) and high overall content validity (S-CVI/UA?=?0.96; S-CVI/Ave?=?0.98), the relevance of items was good (Kappa: 1), and clear (Clarity: 2.93). The tool was deemed reliable with Cronbach alpha for each domains of knowledge, attitude, practice, motivation, and opinion were 0.76; 0.76; 0.79; 0.83; and 0.79 respectively. It can be concluded that the instrument demonstrated high item-content.
Association between hearing loss, depression, anxiety, and social isolation in middle-aged and older outpatients in Afghanistan
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Hussain , Hamrah Ahmad Tareq , Hamrah Mohammad Hassan , Ozturk Leusa , Ghafary Elaha Somaya , Dahi Toba , Hamrah Mohammad Hashem 
Published: January 2025

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is a major public health problem that is significant for mental health and physical conditions. HL may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for poorer mental health outcomes. The study aimed to explore the association between HL, social isolation, anxiety, and depression.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of consecutive patients aged 50 years or older (n = 226) from February 2023 to August 2023. We used regression models to assess the association between HL and the odds of social isolation, anxiety, and depression.
Results: There are more female participants with HL (58.7% vs. 41.3%) than male individuals with HL. HL was found to have a statistically significant association with smoking (p = 0.001), and HL showed significant associations with anxiety and depression (p = 0.008 and p = 0.011, respectively). A significant association was also observed between HL and social isolation (p = 0.016). HL was associated with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.006) and hypertension (p = 0.008). Participants with HL were more likely to have depression (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.05–4.44), social isolation (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.44–5.70), and anxiety (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.21–5.67) compared to participants in the no hearing loss (No-HL) group.
Conclusions: This study shows that HL is consistently associated with poorer mental health symptoms and poor social isolation. Although additional evidence is necessary, it is plausible that addressing HL would alter this trajectory.
Sexual abuse survivors in Ankara, Turkey: Understanding the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on self-injury
Authors: Aburşu Helin , Hesapçioğlu Selma Tural , Ceylan Mehmet Fatih 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Self-injury (SI) behavior represents a significant mental health concern that is prevalent among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the rates and types of suicidal and non-suicidal SI among post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases of sexual abuse victims and compare them with a major depressive disorder (MDD) group and a healthy control group.

Methods: This retrospective study focused on patients seeking treatment in the Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department between 2018 and 2021 in Ankara, Turkey. The study included patients diagnosed with PTSD and MDD following sexual abuse in the PTSD group and assessed standardized scales such as the child depression inventory, screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders, and clinical global impression.

Results: The study included 46 cases in the PTSD–MDD group, 60 in the MDD group, and 47 in the control group. The PTSD–MDD group had significantly higher levels of SI (p < 0.05). The predominant form of SI in this group was self-cutting. Moreover, those with sexual abuse were four times more likely to attempt suicide (OR = 4.1), and the non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) group was 12 times more likely to attempt suicide (OR = 12.7).

Conclusion: These findings highlight the increased risk of self-harm and suicidal behavior in individuals diagnosed with PTSD–MDD who have been sexually abused, particularly highlighting the significant impact of NSSI and its association with increased suicide risk.
A pilot study comparing the rehabilitation functional outcomes of post-COVID-19 stroke and non-COVID stroke patients: An occupational therapy perspective
Authors: Asirvatham Thajus , Sukumaran Reetha , Chandran Premraj Issac , Boppana Ajay , Awadh Mohammed Nasser 
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose: Recent studies have highlighted the clinical characteristics and incidence of post-COVID-19 stroke conditions. Comparing the function and overall prognosis of stroke patients and post-COVID-19 stroke patients is an intriguing idea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the functional outcomes between the two groups from an occupational therapy perspective.

Methods: Forty patients admitted to a rehabilitation facility were included, 20 of whom were diagnosed with post-COVID-19 stroke and 20 with non-COVID-19 stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic). The study was a mixed design consisting of both prospective and retrospective data collection. Existing data from electronic medical records were used for the retrospective dataset. The retrospective dataset only consisted of data from post-COVID-19 stroke patients. The prospective dataset consisted of data from non-COVID-19 stroke patients. Data were collected at the time of admission and at discharge. Outcome measures included the functional independence measure (FIM), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the post-COVID-19 functional status (PCFS) scale, the Borg rating of perceived exertion, and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE).

Results: Both the post-COVID-19 stroke and non-COVID stroke groups showed significant differences before and after rehabilitation (NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale): p = 0.014, 0.000, FIM: p = 0.000, 0.000, MMSE: p = 0.015, 0.000, ARAT: p = 0.000, 0.000, respectively). However, the mean difference in the non-COVID-19 stroke group was higher than that in the post-COVID-19 stroke group, particularly in MMSE, FIM, and NIHSS scores (NIHSS: 2.8 ± 0.4, 0.9 ± 0.04, FIM: 34.8 ± 5.03, 32.95 ± 0.81, MMSE: 5.05 ± 3.5, 0.7 ± 1.17, ARAT: 1 ± 0.062, 1.2 ± 0.47, respectively). It was also found that in the post-COVID-19 stroke group, age had a positive influence on NIHSS (p = 0.022) and FIM (p = 0.047), and impaired side affected the NIHSS scores (p = 0.007). In the non-COVID-19 stroke group, significant correlations were found between the NIHSS and FIM scores (r = -0.445, p = 0.050) and the NIHSS and ARAT scores (r = -0.529, p = 0.017).

Conclusion: Higher mean differences in the non-COVID-19 stroke group than in the post-COVID-19 group could be due to additional COVID-19 complications in the stroke condition itself. Overall functional gain was observed in both groups due to the effective rehabilitation. Therefore, rehabilitation is critical for functional optimization in such vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need to consider post-pandemic rehabilitation aspects.
Encuesta a las empresas españolas sobre la evolución de su actividad: cuarto trimestre de 2024
Authors: Fernández Cerezo Alejandro , Izquierdo Mario 
Published: January 2025

Motivación
La Encuesta del Banco de España sobre la Actividad Empresarial (EBAE) permite extraer, en tiempo real, información acerca de la facturación, el empleo y los precios pagados y cobrados por una muestra amplia de empresas españolas, lo que contribuye al diagnóstico de la situación coyuntural.
Ideas principales
•Las empresas perciben un aumento de la facturación en el cuarto trimestre de 2024, frente a los descensos del mismo trimestre de los dos años anteriores. Aquellas localizadas en la Comunitat Valenciana reportan un comportamiento negativo, como reflejo del impacto de la DANA.
•Las presiones inflacionistas repuntan levemente en el cuarto trimestre, tanto en el coste de los inputs como en los precios de venta.
•Desciende el porcentaje de compañías afectadas por mayores gastos financieros y escasez de demanda, pero se mantienen elevados la incertidumbre sobre la política económica y los problemas de mano de obra.
•En un módulo sobre tecnologías avanzadas, un 3 % de las empresas hacen un uso intenso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial y un 11 % los utilizan de forma experimental. Entre las que no los emplean, los principales obstáculos señalados son la falta de personal cualificado, unos costes demasiado altos y la incertidumbre sobre las consecuencias legales.
Penguatan Wisata Heritage Melalui Pelatihan Sapta Pesona dan Hospitalitas untuk Kusir Dokar di Denpasar
Authors: Antara Ida Bagus Ketut Soma 
Published: January 2025

The Training of Sapta Pesona and Hospitality for Dokar Drivers in Denpasar City aims to enhance the professionalism and service of dokar drivers in the Denpasar Heritage City Tour program. This goal is expected to provide a pleasant experience for tourists and address potential challenges during the tour. The training method involves collaboration between the Denpasar City Tourism Office and the International Tourism and Business Institute (IPB International), using face-to-face seminars as the main technique. A speaker from IPB International delivered material on Sapta Pesona and hospitality principles over a duration of 100 minutes to eight dokar drivers. The results of the activity showed an improvement in the dokar drivers' understanding of Sapta Pesona and its application in tourism services. The participants, most of whom did not have a formal educational background in tourism, demonstrated a good understanding of the elements of Sapta Pesona and were able to implement them, expected to enhance the quality of tourists' experiences in Denpasar.
Keywords; Sapta Pesona, cart driver, hospitality, heritage, Denpasar
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa
Authors: Syamsiah Syamsiah , Subawo Made , Hidayati Ully 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui (1) kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) (2) kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung (3) keefetivan model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) daripada model pembelajaran langsung terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas XII-4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XII-3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Teknik Purposive Sampling. Kelas eksperimen menerapkan model pembalajran MMP dan kelas kontrol menerapkan model pembelajaran langsung. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis dan dianalisis menggunakan uji t-Separated Varians untuk membandingkan kedua kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung > t table (6,24 > 1,706) maha H0 ditolak. Sehingga model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) lebih efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa daripada model pembelajaran langsung.
Frequency and Clinical Correlates of Hypoalbuminemia in Colorectal Cancer Patients at A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Naz Tarnum , Naz Sameena , Bhatti Aisha Masroor , Memon Amir Iqbal , Memon Masharab , Muhammad Faiz 
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is often associated with hypoalbuminemia, a marker of poor nutritional status and systemic inflammation. Low albumin levels in colorectal cancer patients are linked to worse outcomes, including higher morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the frequency of hypoalbuminemia and its association with clinical and biochemical variables among colorectal cancer patients at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 14, 2022, to July 13, 2022, at the Department of Surgery, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. 124 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer aged between 20 to 60 years and of either gender were included in the study. Colorectal cancer was confirmed histopathologically. Patients with other gastrointestinal malignancies, chronic liver diseases, nephrotic syndrome, and those on corticosteroid or immune-suppressive therapy were excluded from the study. Results: The study identified the presence of hypoalbuminemia in n=73 (58.9%) of the patients. Among them, 38 (52.1%) were classified as obese (≥30.0), with a p-value of 0.001. The mean duration of the disease was found to be 49.2 ± 7.10 weeks, which also showed a significant correlation (p=0.01). Additionally, elevated C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates showed a strong association with hypoalbuminemia (p=0.001). Hypocalcaemia (34.2%) and hypomagnesemia (27.4%), were significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions: It was concluded that hypoalbuminemia is a prevalent and clinically significant condition among colorectal cancer patients. The high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia is strongly associated with obesity, longer disease duration, rural residency, elevated inflammatory markers, and electrolyte imbalances (hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesemia).
Relationship between Self-Directed Learning and Self-Regulated Learning in Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Nisa Waqar Un , Aman Khaliq , Murtaza Sana , Abdullah Zainab , Gul Naveed 
Published: January 2025

Self-Directed Learning (SDL) was crucial for developing Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) skills, essential for success in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) settings. Objective: To explore the association between SDL and SRL, focusing on motivation, self-efficacy, and cognitive strategies. Methods: A longitudinal study design was conducted with 250 medical students in the PBL curriculum at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences Islamabad. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across academic performance levels. A structured survey assessed SDL (goal-setting, time management, and self-assessment) and SRL (motivation, self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, and behavioural regulation) using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit tests to explore distribution patterns, Bivariate Pearson correlation for relationships between SDL and SRL, and One-Way ANOVA to identify SRL differences across performance levels, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant engagement in SDL components, goal-setting and intrinsic motivation (p = 0.001), with moderate correlations between specific SDL skills and SRL outcomes. Time management showed a weak but significant correlation with cognitive strategies (p = 0.03), suggesting an impact on SRL behaviours. No significant differences were observed in SRL skills across academic performance levels (p > 0.05), indicating a uniform development of self-regulation skills regardless of prior achievement. High engagement in PBL discussions and peer collaboration further underlines these activities as central to fostering SDL and SRL. Conclusion: SDL in PBL shows a positive, however modest, impact on SRL outcome, management and self-assessment, which could further enhance SRL in medical education settings.
La brecha salarial de clase en ocupaciones destacadas del Perú
Authors: Renteria Mauricio , Elguera Saúl 
Published: January 2025

Este artículo busca contribuir al estudio sobre brechas salariales en la región latinoamericana enfocándose en diferencias basadas en la clase social. En base al análisis de encuestas de hogares, este estudio analiza las diferencias salariales de las personas que se desempeñan en las ocupaciones más destacadas en el Perú. Mostramos que el origen social determina diferencias significativas en las remuneraciones de los sectores de más altos ingresos. Asimismo, el artículo muestra que si bien la educación y, en particular, el paso por universidades prestigiosas reduce la brecha en un porcentaje significativo, esta no neutraliza el peso del origen social en las diferencias salariales.