bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbances due to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) colonies: Recommendations on best practices
Authors: Pérez Tadeo María , Gammell Martin , O'Callaghan Seán A. , O'Connor Ian , O'Brien Joanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in marine mammal research has raised concerns, as its potential impacts remain largely unknown. To assess the effects of disturbances on harbor seals by a DJI Phantom 4 Pro, behavioral responses were recorded before, during, and after UAV approaches at two colonies. GLMMs were applied to assess proportions of seals displaying vigilance, resting, locomotion, and flushing behaviors. The proportion of time that selected individuals spent vigilant, and resting was also analyzed. Responses were evaluated as a function of UAV altitude, time of day, study site, group size, and environmental covariates. UAV presence triggered a significant increase in the proportion of seals vigilant and a decrease in resting. Greater reactions were observed at lower flying altitudes between 20 m and 10 m, although due to our study design, seals could have been reacting to lower flying altitudes and/or longer exposure times. Sound levels at different flying altitudes were investigated to aid interpretation of our results and to provide reference levels for future studies. Based on the disturbance thresholds identified, we devised recommendations on best practices to be implemented in future research on harbor seals using UAV techniques.
Predicting leaf traits across functional groups using reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Kothari Shan , Beauchamp‐Rioux Rosalie , Blanchard Florence , Crofts Anna L. , Girard Alizée , Guilbeault‐Mayers Xavier , Hacker Paul W. , Pardo Juliana , Schweiger Anna K. , Demers‐Thibeault Sabrina , Bruneau Anne , Coops Nicholas C. , Kalacska Margaret , Vellend Mark , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Plant ecologists use functional traits to describe how plants respond to and influence their environment. Reflectance spectroscopy can provide rapid, non‐destructive estimates of leaf traits, but it remains unclear whether general trait‐spectra models can yield accurate estimates across functional groups and ecosystems.

We measured leaf spectra and 22 structural and chemical traits for nearly 2000 samples from 103 species. These samples span a large share of known trait variation and represent several functional groups and ecosystems, mainly in eastern Canada. We used partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) to build empirical models for estimating traits from spectra.

Within the dataset, our PLSR models predicted traits such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) with high accuracy (R2 > 0.85; %RMSE < 10). Models for most chemical traits, including pigments, carbon fractions, and major nutrients, showed intermediate accuracy (R2 = 0.55–0.85; %RMSE = 12.7–19.1). Micronutrients such as Cu and Fe showed the poorest accuracy. In validation on external datasets, models for traits such as LMA and LDMC performed relatively well, while carbon fractions showed steep declines in accuracy.

We provide models that produce fast, reliable estimates of several functional traits from leaf spectra. Our results reinforce the potential uses of spectroscopy in monitoring plant function around the world.
Understanding treatment non‐responders: A qualitative study of depressed adolescents' experiences of ‘unsuccessful’ psychotherapy
Authors: Mehta Alisha , Dykiert Dominika , Midgley Nick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis paper aimed to explore the experiences of depressed adolescents who completed but did not ‘respond’ to standard psychotherapy, based on a lack of improvement in pre‐post symptoms scores.DesignThis was a qualitative study employing interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).MethodSeventy‐seven adolescents with moderate to severe depression were interviewed as part of a qualitative arm of a randomised controlled trial. Five adolescents' post‐treatment interviews were purposively sampled, based on lack of improvement on pre‐post symptom scores, and adolescents still scoring above the clinical threshold for depression. The interviews were analysed using IPA.ResultsAdolescents made sense of their depression as part of their identity and held negative expectations of therapy. Some aspects of therapy brought up intolerable feelings that contributed to disengagement in the therapeutic process and culminated in disappointing and hopeless endings. On the other hand, where a stronger therapeutic relationship was developed, some participants experienced certain improvements.ConclusionsFindings highlight how actively exploring the adolescent's therapy expectations, developing a strong early therapeutic relationship and being mindful of the potential impact of endings are important in therapeutic work with adolescents with depression, especially where they may have a strong sense of hopelessness and self‐criticism. Moreover, the finding that adolescents experienced improvements in other domains despite a lack of symptom reduction highlights the need to review how treatment outcomes are currently defined. Integrating individual perspectives of therapy with quantitative outcome measures can provide a more nuanced insight of treatment effects.
Dyadic longitudinal models: A critical review
Authors: Iida Masumi , Savord Andrea , Ledermann Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this review, we discuss the most commonly used models to analyze dyadic longitudinal data. We start the review with a definition of dyadic longitudinal data that allows relationship researchers to identify when these models might be appropriate. Then, we go on to describe the three major models commonly used when one has dyadic longitudinal data: the dyadic growth curve model (DGCM), the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM), and the common fate growth model (CFGM). We discuss when each model might be used and strengths and weaknesses of each model. We end with additional thoughts that focus on extensions to new methods being discussed in the literature, along with some of the challenges of collecting and analyzing dyadic longitudinal data that might be helpful for future dyadic researchers.
Perceptions of inferred parental ability through sexually dimorphic facial features
Authors: Boykin Kaitlyn N. , Brown Mitch , Drea Kelsey , Sacco Donald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn addition to providing robust cues diagnostic of prospective mates' heritable fitness, various physical features could be similarly utilized in inferring individuals' parental abilities. This study sought to explore how variations in sexually dimorphic facial features inform perceptions of social targets as motivated to provide parental care. American undergraduates (N = 244) viewed a series of 12 total male and female faces manipulated at varying degrees of sex‐typicality (i.e., masculinized versus feminized versus unaltered controls) on a within‐subjects basis, and rated the perceived motivation of each target to nurture and protect a child using items derived from the Parental Care and Tenderness Scale. Female targets were perceived as more motivated by parental care than male targets, F(1, 240) = 14.86, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.058, whereas male targets were perceived as specifically motivated to protect offspring, F(1, 240) = 177.32, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.425. Feminized targets were additionally perceived as more motivated by nurturance, though such inferences were apparent for both male and female targets, F(1, 240) = 7.36, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.058. Findings represent an understanding of perceivers use of functional heuristics of sexual dimorphism in identifying optimal parents.
CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated editing of BADH2 gene triggered fragrance revolution in rice
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Shafiq Sarfraz , Tang Xiangru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFragrance is one of the most important quality traits for breeding in rice. The natural aroma substance 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) is a key fragrance compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice. In addition to rice, there are other plant species that contain a germplasm that naturally produces a fragrant aroma. These other plant species all have lower activity levels of the enzyme BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (BADH2). Therefore, improving fragrance efficiency has been a focus of intensive research. Recent studies have engineered BADH2 gene, which is responsible for fragrance trait in non‐fragrant cultivars of rice, using CRISPR‐Cas9. Although engineering rice BADH2 can be useful for upregulating 2‐AP, there are still a lot of restrictions on how it can be applied in practice. In this review article, we discuss the recent developments in BADH2 editing and propose potential future strategies to effectively target BADH2 for transcriptional regulation, with the goal of producing a better fragrance.
Mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou nanopterons with exponentially small, nonvanishing ripples
Authors: Faver Timothy E. , Hupkes Hermen Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study traveling waves in mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) lattices in the long wave limit. Such lattices are known to possess nanopteron traveling waves in relative displacement coordinates. These nanopteron profiles consist of the superposition of an exponentially localized “core,” which is close to a Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave, and a periodic “ripple,” whose amplitude is small beyond all algebraic orders of the long wave parameter, although a zero amplitude is not precluded. Here we deploy techniques of spatial dynamics, inspired by results of Iooss and Kirchgässner, Iooss and James, and Venney and Zimmer, to construct mass and spring dimer nanopterons whose ripples are both exponentially small and also nonvanishing. We first obtain “growing front” traveling waves in the original position coordinates and then pass to relative displacement. To study position, we recast its traveling wave problem as a first‐order equation on an infinite‐dimensional Banach space; then we develop hypotheses that, when met, allow us to reduce such a first‐order problem to one solved by Lombardi. A key part of our analysis is then the passage back from the reduced problem to the original one. Our hypotheses free us from working strictly with lattices but are easily checked for FPUT mass and spring dimers. We also give a detailed exposition and reinterpretation of Lombardi's methods, to illustrate how our hypotheses work in concert with his techniques, and we provide a dialog with prior methods of constructing FPUT nanopterons, to expose similarities and differences with the present approach.
Association of blood group with COVID‐19 disease susceptibility and severity in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hindawi Salwa , Daghistani Sundus , Elgemmezi Tarek , Radhwi Osman , Badawi Maha , Al‐Tayeb Wejdan , Felemban Sameera , Qadi Abdulelah , Kaki Reham , Badawi Mazen , Madani Tariq A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNovel SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) virus has rapidly spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic, making identifying and prioritizing individuals most at risk a critical challenge. The literature describes an association between blood groups and the susceptibility to various viral infections and their severity. Knowing if a specific blood group has more susceptibility to COVID‐19 may help improve understanding the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. We aimed to assess the association between ABO/RhD and COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity, and to compare results with similar studies in Saudi Arabia.Study Design and MethodsThis study was conducted between March and October 2021 on 600 patients confirmed positive for COVID‐19 infection. Patients' data were collected and analyzed. As a control, 8423 healthy blood donors were enrolled as a sample representative of the population for blood group distribution.ResultsMore individuals had blood group B in the COVID‐19 group in comparison with the control group (24.2% vs. 18%), The opposite was observed among individuals of group O (39.5% vs. 47.3%). The B blood group was predictive of higher risk of mortality. No significant difference in the distribution of RhD was observed between the COVID‐19 and the control groups. Neither ABO nor RhD was significantly associated with the severity of COVID‐19.DiscussionAlthough there was no significant association with the disease severity, the B blood group may be associated with a higher risk for COVID‐19 infection. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to evaluate this correlation.
Simplicial volume and essentiality of manifolds fibered over spheres
Authors: Kastenholz Thorben , Reinhold Jens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the question when a manifold that fibers over a sphere can be rationally essential, or have positive simplicial volume. More concretely, we show that mapping tori of manifolds (whose fundamental groups can be quite arbitrary) of dimension with non‐zero simplicial volume are very common. This contrasts the case of fiber bundles over a sphere of dimension : we prove that their total spaces are rationally inessential if , and always have simplicial volume 0. Using a result by Dranishnikov, we also deduce a surprising property of macroscopic dimension, and we give two applications to positive scalar curvature and characteristic classes, respectively.
Electroadhesion-Mediated Interface Delamination for Assembly of Reconfigurable 3D Mesostructures
Authors: Pang Wenbo , Liu Liya , Xu Shiwei , Shuai Yumeng , Zhao Jianzhong , Zhang Yihui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently developed buckling-guided assembly methods provide a unique route to the design and manufacture of 3D mesostructures and microelectronic devices with superior performances and unusual functions. Combined with loading-path controlled strategies and/or active material designs, reconfigurable 3D mesostructures with multiple stable 3D geometries can be formed, holding promising potentials for applications in tunable antennas and multimodal actuators. The existing strategies are, however, limited by the applicable range of material types or requirements for switching between various complicated loading paths. Here, we present an electroadhesion-mediated strategy to achieve controlled adhesion of the 3D mesostructure to the substrate during the buckling-guided assembly. This strategy allows an active control of the delamination behavior in the film/substrate system, such that a variety of reconfigurable 3D mesostructures can be accessed by designing the 2D precursor pattern and electrode layout. An electromechanical model is developed to capture the delamination behavior of the film/substrate system under combined compression and voltage loadings, which agrees well with experimental measurements. Based on this model, an equivalent interface energy is proposed to quantify the contributions of the electroadhesion and van der Waals’ interactions, which also facilitates simulations of the interface delamination with cohesive models in finite element analyses (FEAs). Furthermore, a variety of reconfigurable 3D mesostructures are demonstrated experimentally, and their geometric configurations are in close accordance with the results of FEA using the concept of equivalent interface energy.
The Acute Effect of Various Feedback Approaches on Sprint Performance, Motivation, and Affective Mood States in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Di Bella Larissa , Doma Kenji , Sinclair Wade Heath , Connor Jonathan Douglas 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This crossover trial compared the effects of varying feedback approaches on sprint performance, motivation, and affective mood states in female athletes. Methods: Eligibility criteria were being competitive female athletes, where participants completed sprint tests in 4 randomized feedback conditions on grass, including augmented feedback (sprint time; AUG-FB), technical feedback (cues; TECH-FB), a competition-driven drill (CDD) sprinting against an opponent, and a control condition (no feedback; CON). Participants completed a 20-m sprint (maximum sprint), 30-m curved agility sprint, and a repeated sprint ability test, with sprint times, motivation level, and mood states recorded. The participants were blinded from the number of trials during the repeated sprint ability test. Results: About 12 rugby league players completed all feedback conditions. The maximum sprint times were faster for AUG-FB (3.54 [0.16] s) and CDD (3.54 [0.16] s) compared with TECH-FB (3.64 [0.16] s), while there were no differences compared with CON (3.58 [0.17] s). The curved agility sprint times were faster for AUG-FB (5.42 [0.20] s) compared with TECH-FB (5.61 [0.21] s) and CON (5.57 [0.24] s), although CDD (5.38 [0.26] s) produced faster sprint times than TECH-FB. Effort and value were higher with AUG-FB (6.31 [0.68]; 6.53 [0.05]) compared with CON (5.99 [0.60]; 4.75 [2.07]), while CON exhibited lower enjoyment ratings (4.68 [0.95]) compared with other feedback conditions (AUG-FB: 5.54 [0.72]; CDD: 5.56 [0.67]; TECH-FB: 5.60 [0.56]). Conclusions: Providing AUG-FB prior to sprint tasks enhances more immediate performance outcomes than TECH-FB. AUG-FB also benefited athlete enjoyment, task effort, and coaching value. Female athletes should receive AUG-FB in testing and training environments, to improve immediate physical performance and motivation.
Sediment waves control origins of submarine canyons
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Kneller Benjamin , Sun Qiliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSubmarine canyons commonly occur on virtually all continental slopes. Their varied origins are widely studied but still debatable. Eastward (along-slope)–migrating submarine canyons, with nearly regular spacing, are well developed at the northern South China Sea. High-resolution three-dimensional seismic data show that these canyons are localized in the troughs between sediment waves. The waves were present on the slope since before ca. 10.5 Ma and were especially well developed during the late Miocene (ca. 10.5–5.5 Ma). This interval can be divided into two units, of which the upper unit (SU II) has larger sediment waves and much better-developed canyons compared to the lower unit (SU I). Submarine fans developed at the canyon mouths within SU II at the downdip termination of the confinement caused by the sediment waves. Gravity currents were captured between the waves, resulting in erosion mainly along the troughs between them. The canyons were forced to migrate eastward by the migration of the confining sediment waves. In this study, we present a new mechanism for the origin of such regularly spaced submarine canyons for the first time, which we attribute to the formation of regularly spaced sediment waves generated by contour currents.
Horsefly (genus Tabanus) bite: allergy or infection?
Authors: Kelly Katherine , Grose Pauline 
Published: February 2023

Summer heatwaves are often associated with increased reports of insect bites as people enjoy spending time outdoors. The horsefly (genus Tabanus), or ‘cleg’ as it is colloquially known, often receives negative publicity due to peak activity in summer. Following an increase in local hospital presentations due to complications of bites, discussion among colleagues suggested a lack of knowledge regarding best management.We present a case of a woman in her 30s with a large erythematous swelling on her thigh following a suspected horsefly bite. Review revealed no clinical evidence of sepsis but a localised inflammatory response. Inflammatory markers were normal and she was treated with intravenous antibiotics and oral antihistamines to good effect.This case highlights secondary care presentation of a common condition and discusses potential complications, pathogenesis and uncertainties around best practice guidelines for treatment. We highlight strategies to aid antibiotic stewardship, reduce complications and secondary care presentation.
Canadians’ opinions towards COVID-19 data-sharing: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Savic Kallesoe Sarah A , Rabbani Tian , Gill Erin E , Brinkman Fiona , Griffiths Emma J , Zawati Ma'n , Liu Hanshi , Palmour Nicole , Joly Yann , Hsiao William W L 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesCOVID-19 research has significantly contributed to pandemic response and the enhancement of public health capacity. COVID-19 data collected by provincial/territorial health authorities in Canada are valuable for research advancement yet not readily available to the public, including researchers. To inform developments in public health data-sharing in Canada, we explored Canadians’ opinions of public health authorities sharing deidentified individual-level COVID-19 data publicly.Design/setting/interventions/outcomesA national cross-sectional survey was administered in Canada in March 2022, assessing Canadians’ opinions on publicly sharing COVID-19 datatypes. Market research firm Léger was employed for recruitment and data collection.ParticipantsAnyone greater than or equal to 18 years and currently living in Canada.Results4981 participants completed the survey with a 92.3% response rate. 79.7% were supportive of provincial/territorial authorities publicly sharing deidentified COVID-19 data, while 20.3% were hesitant/averse/unsure. Datatypes most supported for being shared publicly were symptoms (83.0% in support), geographical region (82.6%) and COVID-19 vaccination status (81.7%). Datatypes with the most aversion were employment sector (27.4% averse), postal area (26.7%) and international travel history (19.7%). Generally supportive Canadians were characterised as being ≥50 years, with higher education, and being vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once. Vaccination status was the most influential predictor of data-sharing opinion, with respondents who were ever vaccinated being 4.20 times more likely (95% CI 3.21 to 5.48, p=0.000) to be generally supportive of data-sharing than those unvaccinated.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the Canadian public is generally favourable to deidentified data-sharing. Identifying factors that are likely to improve attitudes towards data-sharing are useful to stakeholders involved in data-sharing initiatives, such as public health agencies, in informing the development of public health communication and data-sharing policies. As Canada progresses through the COVID-19 pandemic, and with limited testing and reporting of COVID-19 data, it is essential to improve deidentified data-sharing given the public’s general support for these efforts.