bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential Combination of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Fruit Extract and Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Leaves Extract as an Anti-Dandruff Shampoo
Authors: Ambarwati Ambarwati , Sujono Tanti Azizah , Sintowati Retno 
Published: February 2023

Aims:
The study aimed to determine the inhibition activity of a combination of Noni fruit extract and Pandan leaves extract toward bacterial isolates that cause dandruff and to determine the potential of extract combination as an anti-dandruff shampoo.

Subjects and Methods:
The test bacteria were isolated from dandruff. The inhibition test of the extract combination was done by paper disc and well diffusion method. The identification of bacterial isolates was done in Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Yogyakarta.

Results:
The study showed that the density of bacteria isolated from dandruff was 3.4 × 107 CFU/g. There were 28 pure bacteria isolates from purification process. The combination of Noni and Pandan extracts (1:1 v/v) could inhibit the growth of 92.9% bacterial isolates. There were seven species of bacteria from a total of 28 pure isolates, namely: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus alvei, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus sp, Stomatococcus sp, and Pseudomonas sp.

Conclusions:
Based on the research, it can be concluded that a combination of Noni fruit extract and Pandan leaves extract inhibited the growth of bacteria isolated from dandruff, so the combination of the extracts has potential as an anti-dandruff shampoo.
Bond Strength of Acrylic Denture Tooth to a Novel Thermo-Polymerized Denture Base Copolymer Containing Cycloaliphatic Comonomer after Mechanical and Thermal Aging
Authors: Ajay Ranganathan , Praveena Kanagesan , Rajkumar Krishnan , Krishnaraj Ranganathan , Preethisuganya Selvakumar , Suma Karthigeyan 
Published: February 2023

Background:
There are numerous artificial denture tooth materials available of which acrylic resin teeth were used widely. The resin teeth bond chemically to the denture base resin, and this bonding is affected by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The type of cross-linker in the denture base monomer is one such factor which has a questionable influence on the bond strength. Recently, cycloaliphatic comonomer was added in the methyl methacrylate monomer and the resultant novel copolymer possessed good physico-mechanical and biological properties.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) between acrylic denture tooth and resultant novel copolymer after cyclic loading and thermal aging.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty central incisor denture teeth were bonded to three types of acrylic denture base resin groups (n = 20 per group) categorized based on the presence of the cycloaliphatic comonomer – Control group (G0): denture bases without cycloaliphatic comonomer and trial groups G10 and G20 contain 10 vol.% and 20 vol.% comonomer, respectively, substituted in the denture base monomer component. The specimens were processed and subjected to cyclic loading and thermal aging which was then followed by SBS testing.

Results:
G20 possessed the highest SBS followed by G10. G0 had the least SBS. All the specimens of the control and trial groups exhibited adhesive–cohesive mixed failure at the resin tooth–base resin interface.

Conclusion:
The addition of cycloaliphatic comonomer increased the SBS between the resultant novel copolymer and the resin teeth after cyclic loading and thermal aging.
The Effect of Joint Surface Preparations and Chemical Surface Treatment on the Transverse Strength of Repaired Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ranjan Madhu , Chatterjee Ujjal , Singh Reshu , Sharma Saumya , Mahajan Harsh , Anand Rohit 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of joint surface preparations and chemical surface treatment given to prepared surface on the transverse strength of repaired denture base resin.

Methodology:
Two hundred and twenty specimens (DPI India) were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 10), according to the combination of joint surface preparation (Butt joint, 45° bevel, and rounded joint) and chemical surface treatment (methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and methyl methacrylate) for 30 and 60 s each. Specimens, after surface treatment, were repaired with self-cured resin (DPI India) and then subjected to 3-point bending test to measure transverse strength. Fractured surfaces were viewed under stereomicroscope and subjected to AutoCAD analysis to determine type of failure (adhesive or cohesive) and measure their area. Measurement data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, paired t-test, Dunnett's D test, and multiple comparison Bonferroni t-test, with a 5% significance level.

Results:
Most of the comparisons between the test specimens were statistically significant. Specimens (methylene chloride for 60 s and rounded joint) show 60%–70% gain of strength.

Conclusions:
For providing better bond strength to a repaired specimen, the segment of fractured specimens to be provided “Rounded joint” preparation with etching by methylene chloride for 60 s.
Quadruple Score
Authors: Brahmachari Swagata , Vasuniya Vikram , Mukherjee Soma , Chaurasia Aditi 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Triple test was a breakthrough in the initial screening of breast cancer due to its high sensitivity, but it has few limitations. To overcome those limitations, we developed a novel quadruple score which included physical examination, ultrasound, mammography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value of a novel quadruple score for the initial screening of breast cancer.

Methodology:
This retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients having breast lump to the Breast Cancer Outpatient Department of AIIMS, Bhopal. The physical examination findings, breast sonography findings, mammography, and FNAC findings were recorded in the set pro forma, these were later analyzed, and a cumulative scoring was done categorizing patients in the benign, dubious, and malignant category according to the QTS score. These findings were then validated and compared by histopathology.

Results:
Statistical results show a positive covariance σ suggesting the positive relation between them; also, the correlation coefficient was 0.9996 suggesting a strong linear correlation. On comparing the accuracy of all four variables as physical examination, USG, mammography and FNAC individually and QTS, the accuracy of QTS was highest i.e 99.44%.

Conclusion:
QTS is accurate and reliable diagnostic approach for evaluation of breast lumps. By using the quadruple scoring system, management of palpable breast lump will become more streamlined, providing a platform for managing discordant results, which can be followed universally.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris in Root Canals prepared by Single-file Reciprocating and Single File Rotary Instrumentation Systems
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Singh Konark , Singh Anju , Priya Swati , Kumar Avanindra , Kawle Sahil 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Prevention of the debris from extruding to the periapical region is an important aspect to be taken care of as its extrusion can result in pain, periapical inflammation, and delayed healing owing to the presence of highly infective components in the debris.

Aim:
The present trial was aimed to compare and assess the amount of debris extruded apically using the single-file reciprocating system - WaveOne GOLD and single file rotary system - OneShape in root canal preparations in vitro.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty mandibular premolars were divided into two groups (15 samples each) prepared with a single-file reciprocating system - WaveOne GOLD and single-file rotary system - OneShape. Debris extruded was collected and then stored in an incubator. The final weight was calculated after obtaining the mean of three consecutive weights obtained for each tooth. The data were compared using the ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc analysis.

Results:
Debris extrusions were recorded in both groups and analysis revealed statistical differences in weight before and after the instrumentation procedures in both groups. When compared, reciprocating single file – WaveOne GOLD extruded more debris than rotary single file system – OneShape with a P < 0.001.

Conclusions:
The rotary instrumentation systems extrude lesser debris apically than the reciprocating instrumentation system. The difference found was statistically significant.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Indian Population
Authors: Dhumale Annasaheb J. , Mohite Sachin , Rela Rathi , khan Shahla , Barbi Wagisha , Irfan Ahamed KA , Rangari Priyadarshini 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) describes the carcinomatous growth in the oral cavity. Recently, various authors have described increased SCC incidence in the young population. The distribution of SCC shows varied geographic spread, with the highest distribution in Asian countries.

Aims:
The present trial was carried out to assess the associated factors that could lead to increased risk of developing oral cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Oral examination was carried out for 21 participants by a dentist and any significant oral lesion or deleterious habit if present, was recorded. The data collected were analyzed.

Results:
Areca nut was chewed by 47.61% participants (n = 10), smoking tobacco by 76.19% (n = 16), chewing tobacco by 38.09% (n = 8), and consuming alcohol in 9 participants (42.85%). No significant difference was seen concerning age for any factor except alcohol which showed higher intake in the older group where six participants depicted alcohol intake as compared to three participants in the younger group. In participants who chewed areca nuts, 6 participants also smoked tobacco and 1 consumed alcohol. For tobacco chewing, 5 consumed alcohol and 6 also took tobacco as smoke.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that areca nut and tobacco chewing along with alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking increase the risk of developing SCC in the Indian population.
Assessment of Cytokine and Herpesvirus Level in Peri-implantitis and Healthy Patients
Authors: Sahoo Sanjay Kumar , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Bhuyan Lipsa , Dash Kailash Chandra , Mishra Silpiranjan , Mishra Pallavi 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The present study was conducted to assess level of cytokine and herpesvirus in peri-implantitis and healthy patients.

Methodology:
Fifty patients with healthy dental implant (Group I) and dental implant with peri-implantitis (Group II) were enrolled. The level of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and herpesvirus was estimated.

Results:
The mean IL-1 β level was 1.54 in Group I and 5.12 in Group II, IL-2 was 0.05 in Group I and 0.02 in Group II, IL-4 was 0.018 in Group I and 0.0021 in Group II, IL-6 was 0.83 in Group I and 0.92 in Group II, MCP-1 was 64.5 in Group I and 23.1 in Group II, and TNF-alpha was 1.54 in Group I and 1.05 in Group II. There was a significant higher level of TNF-alpha in virus + patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The cytokine level was increased in patients with peri-implantitis as compared to patients with healthy dental implants. Virus-positive patients exhibited higher cytokine levels than virus-negative patients.
Assessment of Awareness Regarding Health Hazards of Plastic Chemicals and their Warning Label among a Sample Population of Varanasi City
Authors: Sharma Parul , Bhagat Priyanka , Mandal M. B. , Singh T. B. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Plastic containers are widely used to store and serve edibles. In the production of some types of plastic, chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are used. These chemicals leach from the plastic containers into the edibles, get access into the biological systems, and cause a toxic impact on health.

Aim:
This cross-sectional survey was planned to assess the usage of food contact plastic and awareness regarding the health hazards of plastic chemicals and warning labels on plastic items among a sample population of Varanasi city.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected by interviewing the 556 adult participants, using a prevalidated structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to test the association and P < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:
Most of the participants were found to be following routine practices during cooking and storage of edibles which may expose them to BPA and BPS through the gut. Although many participants were aware that plastic may contain some type of chemicals which may enter the human body and harm human health in some way, they lacked precise knowledge regarding warning label like “BPA free plastic” “plastic containing BPA” and “food grade plastic.” Furthermore, none of the participants could recognize the “resin identification codes” correctly.

Conclusion:
Most of the participants had only elementary awareness of health risk of plastic usage. A significant number of participants lacked crucial information that can help them to make healthy choices as a consumer and use safe alternatives of plastic.
The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Factors on “Work from Home” of Employees
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Kumar Barun Dev , Singh Neha , Kumari Priyanka , Ranjan Madhu , Verma Abhishek 
Published: February 2023

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lockdown affecting all businesses globally. Everyone was forced to work from home (WFH) leading to challenges in productivity and motivation.

Methodology:
One thousand working professionals who worked from home participated in the online survey with semi-structured questionnaire using nonprobability Snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the findings and to collect data method.

Results:
Participants were asked about their biggest worries during lockdown COVID-19 situation and their biggest worry was infection to COVID-19/death. Professionals were asked whether they were affected or not affected due to “WFH” in COVID situation. The questionnaire items were clubbed into six major categories of job role overload, lifestyle choices, family distraction, occupational discomfort, job performance, and distress, and majority categories were affected.

Conclusion:
Thus, it is observed that the increase in work commitments leads to distress among employees while distractions from family members disrupt the quality of work. While good job performance contributes to life satisfaction, distress significantly diminished it. This paves the way for more studies to be done on work–life balance under WFH arrangements for as long as the pandemic of COVID-19 is prevalent.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about radiation safety among the undergraduates in Eastern province dental college
Authors: Mahabob M. Nazargi , Alabdulsalam Mahmoud , Alabduladhem Abdulrahman , Alfayz Sulaiman , Alzuriq Abdullah , Almomin Ali Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Despite the fact that X-rays have a direct or indirect effect on tissues, imaging techniques have become an important part of modern dentistry, and dentists rely on them for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. This necessitates that dentists have adequate expertise and attitude in order to defend themselves and their patients.

Aim:
The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of clinical side dental students and General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) regarding dental radiation protection safety protocol.

Study Design:
It is a prospective cross-section study among dental undergraduates and GDPs.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and sixteen participants took part in this study and comprised 116 clinical side dental students and GDPs. Participants' data were gathered through a questionnaire that asked about their knowledge and practice of radiation biology, danger, and protection. Collected data subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 21. Pearson Chi-square test was done to evaluate the statistical significance. The P value fixed at ≤ 0.05 for significant.

Results:
From 116 participants, around 89.7%% of the participants believed that dental X-rays are harmful and 81% are having knowledge about annual radiation dose limit for a dentist, and overall, 56% of the participants were aware about the harmful effects of radiation exposure.

Conclusion:
There is a need to expand the curriculum to provide better exposure to radiation protection and its practice so that these students on graduation will be well-grounded with the principle governing dental radiography.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Bioactive Glass Alone and its Combination with Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis – An In vitro Study
Authors: Soumya S. , Gaffoor M. A. Faisal , Samuel Anoop , Gopakumar Rethi , Girish C. Sabari , Sajeena N. C. 
Published: February 2023

Context:
One of the most common organisms responsible for root canal failure even after the usage of intracanal medicament is Enterococcus faecalis. Newer medicaments with higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis need to be analyzed.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial property of bioactive glass (BAG) alone and its combination with chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty permanent maxillary single-rooted teeth were included in the study. These teeth were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each. Dentin blocks were prepared. After debris and smear layer removal, dentin blocks were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for 7 days for biofilm formation. Medications including BAG alone and combination of CHX with BAG were placed into the dentin blocks and incubated at 37°C for 72 h. Dentinal shavings were collected, and the mean bacterial count was recorded.

Statistical Analysis:
The comparison of colony-forming unit (CFU) counts was done using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and unpaired t-test. The analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 for Windows.

Results:
Based on the CFU count obtained after 72 h, compared to the control group, both Group 1 and Group 2 reduced the bacterial load effectively. In comparison with Group 1, Group 2 (combination) was found to be more effective against E. faecalis.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that although BAG was effective against E. faecalis, its efficacy increased significantly in combination with CHX.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among the Health-Care Professionals
Authors: Mehrotra Anmol , Mehrotra Ankita , Babu Ashish K. , Ji Prachi , Mapare Sagar Arjun , Pawar Ranjit Omprakash 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of the study is to determine the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices among the health-care workers (HCWs).

Materials and Methods:
The present questionnaire-based survey among 473 HCW comprising of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians, and interns was carried out to know the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices among different HCW. Responses were recorded and data were assessed through descriptive statistics and by applying analysis of variance, Chi-square, and z-tests.

Results:
Maximum of doctors (98.7%), nurses (80.4%), interns (73.3%), pharmacists (70.8%), and technicians (67.1%) responded correctly that oral health is related to systemic health followed by treating a decayed tooth is equally important as treating other body ailments. Doctors revealed higher mean knowledge scores in comparison with other HCW. A significant difference is noted with regard to frequency of dental visit (P = 0.000), reason behind dental visit (P = 0.001), and barrier for not visiting the dentist (P = 0.013) among males and females. Similarly, a significant difference is noted with regard to frequency of dental visit (P = 0.001), dentist familiarizing about the treatment (P = 0.001), and his concern about the patients (P = 0.001) among between different HCW.

Conclusion:
From the results of the present study, a variation in oral health knowledge was observed among different HCW. All the participants showed a positive attitude toward professional dental care.
An Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation on Comparison of Three Different Bleaching Agents using the Laser Activated in-Office Bleaching at Different Wavelengths
Authors: Goenka Shachi , Cirigiri Sushil Kumar , Poplai Kanika , Aslam Baig Mirza , Singh Shalini , Gangavane Shweta 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Shade of the teeth is of specific significance to the patient because of social and psychological concern and hence plays vital role as primary care. Bleaching is a noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, conservative, and low-maintenance method to change a smile dramatically.

Aim:
To study the effect of application of three bleaching agents at different wavelengths of laser on the enamel surface of teeth using an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty freshly extracted, noncarious intact maxillary central incisors were collected and stored in moist conditions in plastic containers. Using a randomized stratified design, the samples were divided into 12 groups (n = 10). The bleaching agent was mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and applied on the enamel surface of the teeth followed by laser activation. The ultrastructural effects of the bleaching agent on the enamel were determined with an ESEM. Samples were assessed both before and after bleaching on the basis of the degree of surface damage. Because the observation by ESEM was designed to be qualitative, no statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
JW power bleaching agent and Opalescence Xtra boost showed minimum surface alteration when compared to Polaoffice. Furthermore, the groups treated with diode 810 nm showed less surface damage while neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 1064 nm more surface alterations than the groups treated with diodes.

Conclusion:
From this current study, it can be concluded that the diode laser of 810 nm with JW power bleaching showed minimum surface alterations.