bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FREQUENCY OF TYPE OF COMMON MAJOR CONNECTOR DESIGN EMPLOYED IN REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES PROVIDED TO PATIENT
Authors: Hina Rehman  , Asifullah Khan  , Saad Liaqat  , Salva Zaki  , Hira Riaz  , Amira Qadeer  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of the types of common major connector designs in removable partial dentures provided to patients.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done at Khyber College of Dentistry. Participants fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study. The information was collected using a single interviewer-administered questionnaire. The demographic information of the patient was recorded. Information related to the design of major connector wasrecorded after it was drawn on the cast, before it was sent to the laboratory. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.
Results:
Data from 207 subjects were collected over a period of 24 months. The mean age of subjects was 41.21 ± 9.13 (SD) years. Out of 207 subjects, 41.1% were males and 59.9% were females. Female to male ratio was 1.43:1. Out of total, 49.3% were maxillary and 50.7% were mandibular removable partial dentures.Removable partial dentures constructed from cobalt-chromium accounted for 152 of the observed cases.Of the 152 observed cases of removable partial dentures made of cobalt-chromium, 81 were in the mandibular arch and 71 were maxillary. The remaining 55 were made of acrylic resin, out of which 31 were maxillary and 24 belonged to the mandibular arch.The study concluded that the horse shoe shaped connector is the most common type of connector used in the maxillary removable partial dentures (both cast partial and acrylic RPD’s) and the lingual plate is the most frequent type of connector given in the mandibular removable partial dentures.
Conclusion:
The studyshowed that common maxillary cobalt-chromium major connectorwas the horseshoe shape, and that of mandibular cobalt-chromium major connector design was the lingual plate. Additionally, common acrylic RPD were horseshoe shape in maxilla and lingual plate in mandible.
IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS AND ASSOCIATED RISK OF MANDIBULAR ANGLE FRACTURE - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Rabia Noreen  , Nigam Sattar  , Umer Ullah  , Hina Afsar  , Muslim Khan  , Zainab Shah  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine frequency of impacted third molar in mandibular angle fracture.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out in the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar from April 2016 to March 2017. 216 patients with mandible angle fractures were included in the study. Data regarding gender, age, angle fracture and impacted mandibular third molar were collected through history, clinical examination and was confirmed by orthopentomogram (OPG). Impacted third molar in mandibular angle fracture was stratified using chi square test among gender and age. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Among 216 patients presenting with angle fractures , impacted lower third molar was present in 179 patients (82.9%) and absent in 37 patients (17.1%).Amongst them 181 (83.8%) were males and 35 (16.2%) females. Mandibular angle fracture was predominant in male gender with male to female ratio of 5.17:1. The mean age was 24.69 SD± 6.61. Most of the patients were in third decade (44.9%) followed by second decade (39.3%).
Conclusion:
The results of current study support that the frequency of impacted third molar was high in patients presenting with fractures of mandibular angle region and males were more commonly involved in than females. Third decade of life was the commonest age group for mandibular angle fractures.
FREQUENCY OF GINGIVITIS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING SARDAR BEGUM DENTAL COLLEGE (SBDC) AND HOSPITAL PESHAWAR
Authors: Sanaullah  , Zeeshan Danish  , Saima Aleem Khan  , Qandeel Javeria  , Inayat Ullah  , Muhammad Shahid Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of gingivitis among patients visiting Sardar Begum Dental College (SBDC) and Hospital Peshawar.
Materials and Methods:
A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital Peshawar, over a period of six month from March 219 to August 2019. Patients of both genders aged 16 to 60 years having all permeant teeth erupted were included in the study. The sample size for this study was three hundred eighty-four and method employed was consecutive sampling technique. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 24.
Results:
In this study 384 patients were examined in which the number of males were 176 (45.80%) and females were 208 (54.20%). Two hundred and fifty (65.10%) subjects had gingivitis. 137 (65.86%) Females in comparison to 113 (64.20%) males having gingivitis. The study variables including age, gender, frequency of tooth brushing, regular dental checkups were strongly associated with the gingivitis (p value <0.001). Educational status was also found to be associated with frequency of tooth brushing and dental checkups (p value < 0.01).
Conclusion:
This study concluded that the gingivitis was highly prevalent among the patients visiting to SBDC& Hospital, Peshawar and various factors were strongly associated to its causation.
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY IMPLANT FAILURE.
Authors: Ali Farooq  , Muhammad Moazzam  , Saira Khalid  , Irsam Haider  , Mubashir Rasheed  , Shahab Rafiq  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the possible risk factors that contribute to early dental implant failures in a teaching hospital.
Materials and Methods:
This cross sectional study evaluated past records of the 24 patients treated with 53 dental implants and were divided into two groups, one with failed dental implants before occlusal loading and the other with successful implants. Variables such as Age, gender, location of implants (maxilla or mandible), type of implant healing (single or double stage) and timing of implant placement (fresh extraction sockets or healed sites) were assessed.
Results:
About 4 (7.5%) out of 53 dental implants failed to osseointegrate before the prosthetic phase. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant p= 0.032 regarding the healing of dental implant (single or double stage), however, it was not significant in terms of age, gender, site and timing of implant p>0.05.
Conclusion:
Single stage implant surgery may be an important risk factor for early Implant failure however, more studies with larger sample size should be done to investigate risk factors that contribute to early failures.
COMPARISON OF ENDOSCOPIC BAND LIGATION ALONE VERSUS PROPANALOL PLUS ENDOSCOPIC BAND LIGATION FOR CONTROL OF REBLEEDING OESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Shahzad Latif  , Hafiza Qaria Bushra Saleem  , Noureen Akhtar  , Rehan Shafique  , Anum Pari  , Muhammad Naseeb  , Tariq Waseem  , Iram Manzoor  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare oesophageal varices band ligation alone versus the combination of beta blocker (Propranolol) plus band ligation.
Materials and Methods:
A randomized control trial was carried out in 150 patients who presented with upper GI bleeding as a complication of cirrhosis of liver. After hemodynamic stabilization in the hospital with pharmacological options and/or band ligation procedures through endoscopy, the patients were randomly distributed in two separate groups at discharge from hospital. Group A had endoscopic band ligation every 4 weeks till obliteration of varices and group B were assigned in a group with both beta blocker and band ligation every 4 weeks. Patients were followed monthly for re-bleeding and other complications for six months.
Results:
Ascites was observed in 103 (68.66%) patients and 11.3% had hepatic encephalopathy. High grade oesophageal varices was observed in 111 (74%),26 (17.3%) patients had moderate grade varices, while 13 (8.6%) also had fundal varices. Band ligation was done in all the patients. Patients were randomly distributed in Group A and group B having included 76 and 74 patients respectively through the random table. Seven (4.6 %) patients were lost to follow up. Re-bleeding occurred in 19 (12.66%) after 6 months. A total of 35 (23.3 %) died after 6 months but only one death was attributed to re-bleeding. Re-bleeding occurred in 19 (25%) patients in Group A and none in Group B (p = 0.00). Eleven (14.5%) patients in Group A and 8 patients in group B (10.8%) expired due to complications other than re-bleeding. A significant difference was observed in rebleeding pattern of two groups where more re-bleeding was noted in group A as compared to group B (p =0.02).
Conclusion:
Endoscopic band ligation plus pharmacological treatment (Propranolol) significantly reduces re-bleeding in patients with oesophageal variceal bleed as compared to band ligation alone.
ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL TREATMENT RELATED ANXIETY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
Authors: Hira Butt  , Zainab Waheed  , Hira Sheikh  , Dur E Shumyle  , Amna Nauman Khan  , Nauman Rauf Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the association of gender, level of education and marital status on the dental anxiety levels of patients.
Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 400 patients visiting the dental OPD of Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from June 2019 to June 2020. A questionnaire regarding level of dental anxiety was given to the patients. Data were collected using a pre-validated scale with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.89; Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Chi square test was applied to see the association of socio-demographic factors on dental anxiety. P value ≤0.05 was taken as significant.
Results:
Our data showed that the association between gender and level of dental anxiety was statistically significant (p-value 0.04). It was found to be no significant association of age, education level and marital status with level of anxiety (p=0.934, p=0.484, p=0.422) respectively.
Conclusion:
Majority of males and females experienced moderate to low anxiety. It was seen that the greatest percentage of patients with moderate/low anxiety as well as high anxiety had tertiary education. A similar trend was seen in unmarried patients The age group 18 to 29 years was the group that reported experiencing highest percentage of low/moderate anxiety as well as high anxiety.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF DENTISTS TOWARDS COVID-19 IN TWIN CITIES OF PAKISTAN: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Maleeha Majid  , Anum Zulfiqar  , Chaudhary Muhammad Aamir Ghafoor , Sana Sultan  , Ghina Rizwan  , Zarnab Rizwan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of dentists against Covid-19 in the dental hospitals.
Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted was from 1st July 2020 to 30 December 2020. An online questionnaire using Google Forms was designed to collect the data through WhatsApp groups of general and specialized dentists of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The inclusion criteria were dentists practicing in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Exclusion criteria included dentists practicing outside the vicinity of twin cities. Questionnaires were kept anonymous to maintain confidentiality of all information collected in the study.
Results:
A total of 250 dentists participated in this study out of whom 116 (46.4%) were male and the remaining 134 (53.6%) were Female. Majority of the participants i.e., 149 (59.6%) stated that their self-assessed COVID-19 knowledge score was 4 out of 5. 66(26.4%) participants believed their knowledge was 3 out of 5 while 35 (14%) believed their own self assessed knowledge was 5 out of 5. Most dentists 162 (64.8%) reported that only emergency patients are being treated, followed by 74 (29.6%) who reported that patient treatment frequency has been partially reduced at their workplace.
Conclusion:
Majority of the dentists have basic knowledge, and they showed a positive attitude regarding the global pandemic.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ABOUT ORAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE AMONG WOMEN IN SHELTER HOME: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Fatima Zulfiqar  , Syed Hassan Zulfiqar  , Naveed Pervez  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the knowledge about oral hygiene and practice of oral health maintenance among women of shelter home.
Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire(5) written in English and validated through a pilot study. Data collection was done from women of shelter home in five visits and total duration of study was 6 months (January-June 2021). All the participants were explained the nature and purpose of the study. Total number of 92 Women responded. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.
Results:
Majority of the participants had knowledge about oral health(99%) knowledge regarding consequences of poor oral hygiene was (90%) and its effect on general health (93%) .knowledge related to inter dental aids was (6.5%). The second section showed oral health behavior and the attitudes of the participants: majority responded to practicing cleaning their teeth (99%), in which only 58% clean once daily and 54% uses tooth paste/brush. About 87% of the respondents had bleeding gums. Similarly 84% had halitosis and experienced symptoms of gingivitis Only 11% of the participants used mouth washes, visiting a dentist when having a problem was 81%. The third section was related to habits / addiction : majority were addicted to tea/coffee 86%, while frequency of intake 2-5 cup daily.
Conclusion:
Women of shelter home have satisfactory knowledge about oral health but putting it into practice is not optimistic. There is need to improve their oral health through organized efforts and establishing a good oral health care system within the shelter home.
ROAD SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF INJURIES
Authors: Basheer Rehman  
Published: July 2023

Maxillofacial injury is a serious clinical problem resulting in serious dysfunctions including damage to the central nervous system. The esthetic and psychological aspects of injuries to the maxillofacial region are of great importance, as minor changes in the patient’s facial appearance after trauma may cause severe psychological disruption. The public health importance for countries to assess and evaluate their data on the magnitude, impact and characteristics of RTA cannot be overstated. Maxillofacial trauma resulting from RTA has been rising steadily over the past decade and is expected to increase by two and a half times in the next two decades. Young motorcyclists are losing their lives or suffering lifelong disabilities. An estimated 53.71% of maxillofacial surgical resources are being utilized in the management of these injuries. The recent seminar on Road Safety by Road Safety Council of Pakistan in collaboration with Research & Development Cell Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar and Capital Traffic Police Peshawar is a key step towards understanding the gravity of compromised road safety. Road traffic accidents are predictable and preventable and the basic knowledge regarding road safety measures and its implementation is necessary.In our country, large scale research is needed to further uncover factors that distinguish road traffic crashes and their characteristics from the rest of the world. Information gathered can be used to develop novel interventions. Regulating informal public transportation systems and enforcing safety legislation like seat belts and restriction of mobile phone use while driving, could go a long way in reducing the burden of RTAs. It is imperative that government makes this issue a top priority alongside other pressing public health problems in order to prevent deaths and dissibilities.
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN INJECTION DRUG USERS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, AND FACTORS AFFECTING ITS OCCURRENCE
Authors: Amjad Ali  , Hayat Muhammad Khan  , Sher Ali Khan  , Sajjad Mohammad  
Published: July 2023

Objective: Our main objective was to find out the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus and its co presence in injection drug users. We have to show the difference of occurrence of these viruses in injection drug users who had sexual relation with female sex workers or male sex with male, and those who had not; those who share the syringe and those who do not. Condition related epidemiology to be sought out.
Materials & Methods: This cross sectional analytical study with sub groups of cases and controls on the basis of presence or absence of different variables in injection drug users, was carried out in the rehabilitation center of Dost Welfare Foundation situated in the district Peshawar. Total study duration was 6months. Convenience sampling was done and patients age greater than 15 years, male sex and abusing injection drugs for at least one year were selected. Patients age less than 15 years, not consenting or not completing the interview were excluded. Individuals numbered 57 were selected and interviewed for the questions in the Pro forma (questionnaire). The lab results were obtained from the laboratory and register of Dost welfare Foundation. Results were prepared by manually analyzing data and presented through MS Word.
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus among injection drug users was 26.3% (95%CI=14.8% to 37.7%) and that of Human immunodeficiency virus was 15.8% (95%CI=6.3% to 25.2%), while 5.3% of the injection drug users were co-infected with Human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C virus . Among the injection drug users 52.6% shared the syringes or other drug equipment and among them 30% (odds ratio=1.5) had Hepatitis C virus, 13.3% (odds ratio=0.67) had Human immunodeficiency virus and 3.3% had both Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus . Similar number of injection drug users had unlawful sex with FSW/MSM i.e. 52.6% and among them 23.3% (odds ratio=0.72) had Hepatitis C virus and 23.3% (odds ratio=3.8) had Human immunodeficiency virus. Injection drug users that had unlawful sex as well as sharing the syringe and other drug equipment were 31.6% and among them 38.9% had Hepatitis C virus and 11.1% had Human immunodeficiency virus.
Conclusion: The Hepatitis C virus prevalence among injection drug users in our study population is not as common as in other parts of this country. Human immunodeficiency virus seems to be more prevalent in injection drug users in our study area as compared to other parts of this country. Sharing syringes or other drug equipment is an important risk factor for Hepatitis C virus and unlawful sex for Human immunodeficiency virus.
USE OF INDEX OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDIN DETERMINING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEEDS OF PESHAWAR ADOLESCENT
Authors: Sajid Ali  , Ghulam Rasool  , Seema Abid  , Ahsan Mahmood Shah  , Faizan ul Hassan  , Hassan Ali Raza  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the use of an index of orthodontics treatment need (IOTN) in orthodontic treatment needs of Peshawar adolescent.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional included 200 young people by consecutive sampling technique from August 2018 to February 2019. The examinations were done on the study models and all-encompassing radiographs taken from every subject. The Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) segments of the IOTN were applied as an evaluation measure of the requirement for orthodontic treatment. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. The Pearson correlation test was run to examine the relation between the DHC and the AC of the IOTN.
Results: out of total n=200, the females were n=130(65%), and males were n=70(35%). The mean age was 22.7±5.95 years. The most frequent group of IOTN health component was ‘no need’ n=92(46%) followed by ‘need’ was n=63(31.5%) and least was ‘borderline need’ was n=45(22.5%). The most frequent group of IOTN esthetics component was ‘no need’ n=90(45%) followed by ‘need’ was n=62(31%) while least was ‘borderline need’ was 48(24%). The correlation between the IOTN health and IOTN aesthetic component was very strong and significant (r=0.976, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the IOTN assessment in our population, only one-third of the presenting are in ‘need ‘of treatment, and one fifth is in ‘borderline need.
CAUSES AND PATTERNS OF LOSS IN PERMANENT DENTITION AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING DENTAL UNIT AT DISTRICT NOWSHERA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Syed Sohaib Daud Gilani  , Ozal Saeed  , Yasir Khattak  , Iftikhar Qayum  , Shah Anam  , Marij Hameed  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the major causes and patterns of loss in permanent dentition from district Nowshera, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at pre authorized oral health unit (Khairabad District Nowshera Khyber Pukhtoon khwa Pakistan). Records of patients, who had extraction of teeth at the oral health unit of Rural Health Center Khairabad between January 2018 and June 2019, were recorded on Pre Designed Performa of District Health Information System. Patients who were <16 years old at the time of treatment were excluded from the study. Data on age, gender, presenting complaint, type of tooth, and reason for extraction were documented. Reasons for extraction were classified in seven categories.Statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).
Results: A total of 2296 permanent teeth were extracted of which 1097 (47.78%) teeth were extracted due to caries and its sequelae, 660 (28.75%) due to periodontal disease, 230 (10.02%) for failed endodontic treatments, 185 (8.06%) due to pericoronitis, 111 (4.84%) due to trauma and 13 (0.57%) prosthodontic purposes.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest caries and periodontal disease are the major causes of tooth mortality in the study population.
EFFICACY OF OCCLUSAL APPLIANCE THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS
Authors: Amna Amjad  , Abdul Rehman  , Mubashir Sharif  , Sajjad Hussain  , Asmat Ullah  
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of hard occlusal appliance therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Prosthodontics department at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi.
Results: A total of 94 subjects were included in this study, out of which, 38 were females while 56 were males.
Conclusion: This study advocates the use of occlusal splint therapy for the management of TMDs. It is simple, with fewer side effects, cost effective, noninvasive, and better patient compliance.