bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for focal and connectomic mapping of transiently disrupted brain function
Authors: Elmalem Michael S. , Moody Hanna , Ruffle James K. , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Haggard Patrick , Diehl Beate , Nachev Parashkev , Jha Ashwani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe distributed nature of the neural substrate, and the difficulty of establishing necessity from correlative data, combine to render the mapping of brain function a far harder task than it seems. Methods capable of combining connective anatomical information with focal disruption of function are needed to disambiguate local from global neural dependence, and critical from merely coincidental activity. Here we present a comprehensive framework for focal and connective spatial inference based on sparse disruptive data, and demonstrate its application in the context of transient direct electrical stimulation of the human medial frontal wall during the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with focal epilepsy. Our framework formalizes voxel-wise mass-univariate inference on sparsely sampled data within the statistical parametric mapping framework, encompassing the analysis of distributed maps defined by any criterion of connectivity. Applied to the medial frontal wall, this transient dysconnectome approach reveals marked discrepancies between local and distributed associations of major categories of motor and sensory behaviour, revealing differentiation by remote connectivity to which purely local analysis is blind. Our framework enables disruptive mapping of the human brain based on sparsely sampled data with minimal spatial assumptions, good statistical efficiency, flexible model formulation, and explicit comparison of local and distributed effects.
Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding protein RCD1 is a plant PARylation reader regulated by Photoregulatory Protein Kinases
Authors: Vainonen Julia P. , Gossens Richard , Krasensky-Wrzaczek Julia , De Masi Raffaella , Danciu Iulia , Puukko Tuomas , Battchikova Natalia , Jonak Claudia , Wirthmueller Lennart , Wrzaczek Michael , Shapiguzov Alexey , Kangasjärvi Jaakko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a reversible post-translational protein modification that has profound regulatory functions in metabolism, development and immunity, and is conserved throughout the eukaryotic lineage. Contrary to metazoa, many components and mechanistic details of PARylation have remained unidentified in plants. Here we present the transcriptional co-regulator RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) as a plant PAR-reader. RCD1 is a multidomain protein with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) separating its domains. We have reported earlier that RCD1 regulates plant development and stress-tolerance by interacting with numerous transcription factors (TFs) through its C-terminal RST domain. This study suggests that the N-terminal WWE and PARP-like domains, as well as the connecting IDR play an important regulatory role for RCD1 function. We show that RCD1 binds PAR in vitro via its WWE domain and that PAR-binding determines RCD1 localization to nuclear bodies (NBs) in vivo. Additionally, we found that RCD1 function and stability is controlled by Photoregulatory Protein Kinases (PPKs). PPKs localize with RCD1 in NBs and phosphorylate RCD1 at multiple sites affecting its stability. This work proposes a mechanism for negative transcriptional regulation in plants, in which RCD1 localizes to NBs, binds TFs with its RST domain and is degraded after phosphorylation by PPKs.
CryoEM and stability analysis of virus-like particles of potyvirus and ipomovirus infecting a common host
Authors: Chase Ornela , Javed Abid , Byrne Matthew J. , Thuenemann Eva C. , Lomonossoff George P. , Ranson Neil A. , López-Moya Juan José 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) are members of the genera Potyvirus and Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae, sharing Ipomoea batatas as common host, but transmitted, respectively, by aphids and whiteflies. Virions of family members consist of flexuous rods with multiple copies of a single coat protein (CP) surrounding the RNA genome. Here we report the generation of virus-like particles (VLPs) by transient expression of the CPs of SPFMV and SPMMV in the presence of a replicating RNA in Nicotiana benthamiana. Analysis of the purified VLPs by cryo-electron microscopy, gave structures with resolutions of 2.6 and 3.0 Å, respectively, showing a similar left-handed helical arrangement of 8.8 CP subunits per turn with the C-terminus at the inner surface and a binding pocket for the encapsidated ssRNA. Despite their similar architecture, thermal stability studies reveal that SPMMV VLPs are more stable than those of SPFMV.
Principal neuron diversity in the murine lateral superior olive supports multiple sound localization strategies and segregation of information in higher processing centers
Authors: Haragopal Hariprakash , Winters Bradley D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrincipal neurons (PNs) of the lateral superior olive nucleus (LSO) in the brainstem of mammals compare information between the two ears and enable sound localization on the horizontal plane. The classical view of the LSO is that it extracts ongoing interaural level differences (ILDs). Although it has been known for some time that LSO PNs have intrinsic relative timing sensitivity, recent reports further challenge conventional thinking, suggesting the major function of the LSO is detection of interaural time differences (ITDs). LSO PNs include inhibitory (glycinergic) and excitatory (glutamatergic) neurons which differ in their projection patterns to higher processing centers. Despite these distinctions, intrinsic property differences between LSO PN types have not been explored. The intrinsic cellular properties of LSO PNs are fundamental to how they process and encode information, and ILD/ITD extraction places disparate demands on neuronal properties. Here we examine the ex vivo electrophysiology and cell morphology of inhibitory and excitatory LSO PNs in mice. Although overlapping, properties of inhibitory LSO PNs favor time coding functions while those of excitatory LSO PNs favor integrative level coding. Inhibitory and excitatory LSO PNs exhibit different activation thresholds, potentially providing further means to segregate information in higher processing centers. Near activation threshold, which may be physiologically similar to the sensitive transition point in sound source location for LSO, all LSO PNs exhibit single-spike onset responses that can provide optimal time encoding ability. As stimulus intensity increases, LSO PN firing patterns diverge into onset-burst cells, which can continue to encode timing effectively regardless of stimulus duration, and multi-spiking cells, which can provide robust individually integrable level information. This bimodal response pattern may produce a multi-functional LSO which can encode timing with maximum sensitivity and respond effectively to a wide range of sound durations and relative levels.
Neuronopathic Gaucher disease models reveal defects in cell growth promoted by Hippo pathway activation
Authors: Messelodi Daria , Strocchi Silvia , Bertuccio Salvatore Nicola , Baden Pascale , Indio Valentina , Giorgi Federico M. , Taddia Alberto , Serravalle Salvatore , Valente Sabrina , di Fonzo Alessio , Frattini Emanuele , Bernardoni Roberto , Pession Annalisa , Grifoni Daniela , Deleidi Michela , Astolfi Annalisa , Pession Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGaucher Disease (GD), the most common lysosomal disorder, arises from mutations in the GBA1 gene and is characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from mild hematological and visceral involvement to severe neurological disease. Neuronopathic patients display dramatic neuronal loss and increased neuroinflammation, whose molecular basis are still unclear. Using a combination of Drosophila dGBA1b loss-of-function models and GD patient-derived iPSCs differentiated towards neuronal precursors and mature neurons we showed that different GD- tissues and neuronal cells display an impairment of growth mechanisms with an increased cell death and reduced proliferation. These phenotypes are coupled with the downregulation of several Hippo transcriptional targets, mainly involved in cells and tissue growth, and YAP exclusion from nuclei. Interestingly, Hippo knock-down in the GBA-KO flies rescues the proliferative defect, suggesting that targeting the Hippo pathway can be a promising therapeutic approach to neuronopathic GD.
Atmospheric trends explained by changes in frequency of short-term circulation patterns
Authors: Rudeva Irina , Boschat Ghyslaine , Lucas Chris , Ashcroft Linden , Pepler Acacia , Hope Pandora 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe circulation of the atmosphere is subject to natural and anthropogenic forcings that alter the energy balance of the climate system. In each hemisphere the zonally averaged atmospheric circulation can be represented by a single overturning cell if viewed in isentropic coordinates, highlighting the connections between tropics and extratropics. Here we present clusters of the meridional atmospheric circulation based on reanalysis data. Our results reveal preferred global circulation regimes with two clusters in each solstice season. These clusters show strong trends in their occurrence in the last two decades of the 20th century coincident with the depletion of the low-stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. We hypothesize that a change in the occurrence of short-term circulation regimes may lead to some long-term atmospheric trends. Finally, we show a strong coupling between the atmospheric circulation in boreal and austral winters and propose a mechanism linking anomalies in both seasons to the stratospheric ozone that requires confirmation with modelling experiments.
Trends in the atmospheric jet streams are emerging in observations and could be linked to tropical warming
Authors: Woollings Tim , Drouard Marie , O’Reilly Christopher H. , Sexton David M. H. , McSweeney Carol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate models predict a weak poleward shift of the jets in response to continuing climate change. Here we revisit observed jet trends using 40 years of satellite-era reanalysis products and find evidence that general poleward shifts are emerging. The significance of these trends is often low and varies between datasets, but the similarity across different seasons and hemispheres is notable. While much recent work has focused on the jet response to amplified Arctic warming, the observed trends are more consistent with the known sensitivity of the circulation to tropical warming. The circulation trends are within the range of historical model simulations but are relatively large compared to the models when the accompanying trends in upper tropospheric temperature gradients are considered. The balance between tropical warming and jet shifts should therefore be closely monitored in the near future. We hypothesise that the sensitivity of the circulation to tropical heating may be one factor affecting this balance.
Viruses of sulfur oxidizing phototrophs encode genes for pigment, carbon, and sulfur metabolisms
Authors: Hesketh-Best Poppy J. , Bosco-Santos Alice , Garcia Sofia L. , O’Beirne Molly D. , Werne Josef P. , Gilhooly William P. , Silveira Cynthia B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractViral infections modulate bacterial metabolism and ecology. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that viruses influence the ecology of purple and green sulfur bacteria in anoxic and sulfidic lakes, analogs of euxinic oceans in the geologic past. By screening metagenomes from lake sediments and water column, in addition to publicly-available genomes of cultured purple and green sulfur bacteria, we identified almost 300 high and medium-quality viral genomes. Viruses carrying the genepsbA, encoding the small subunit of photosystem II protein D1, were ubiquitous, suggesting viral interference with the light reactions of sulfur oxidizing autotrophs. Viruses predicted to infect these autotrophs also encoded auxiliary metabolic genes for reductive sulfur assimilation as cysteine, pigment production, and carbon fixation. These observations show that viruses have the genomic potential to modulate the production of metabolic markers of phototrophic sulfur bacteria that are used to identify photic zone euxinia in the geologic past.
PAM-flexible Cas9-mediated base editing of a hemophilia B mutation in induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hiramoto Takafumi , Kashiwakura Yuji , Hayakawa Morisada , Baatartsogt Nemekhbayar , Kamoshita Nobuhiko , Abe Tomoyuki , Inaba Hiroshi , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Uosaki Hideki , Hanazono Yutaka , Nureki Osamu , Ohmori Tsukasa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Base editing via CRISPR-Cas9 has garnered attention as a method for correcting disease-specific mutations without causing double-strand breaks, thereby avoiding large deletions and translocations in the host chromosome. However, its reliance on the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) can limit its use. We aimed to restore a disease mutation in a patient with severe hemophilia B using base editing with SpCas9-NG, a modified Cas9 with the board PAM flexibility.

Methods
We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with hemophilia B (c.947T>C; I316T) and established HEK293 cells and knock-in mice expressing the patient’s F9 cDNA. We transduced the cytidine base editor (C>T), including the nickase version of Cas9 (wild-type SpCas9 or SpCas9-NG), into the HEK293 cells and knock-in mice through plasmid transfection and an adeno-associated virus vector, respectively.

Results
Here we demonstrate the broad PAM flexibility of SpCas9-NG near the mutation site. The base-editing approach using SpCas9-NG but not wild-type SpCas9 successfully converts C to T at the mutation in the iPSCs. Gene-corrected iPSCs differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and express substantial levels of F9 mRNA after subrenal capsule transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Additionally, SpCas9-NG–mediated base editing corrects the mutation in both HEK293 cells and knock-in mice, thereby restoring the production of the coagulation factor.

Conclusion
A base-editing approach utilizing the broad PAM flexibility of SpCas9-NG can provide a solution for the treatment of genetic diseases, including hemophilia B.
Conformal leaky-wave antennas for wireless terahertz communications
Authors: Guerboukha Hichem , Shrestha Rabi , Neronha Joshua , Fang Zhaoji , Mittleman Daniel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFuture generations of wireless systems are expected to combine the use of high-frequency bands (the terahertz range) with smart interconnected devices (the Internet of Things). To realize this ambitious merging, systems will require antennas that can be mounted on nonplanar objects while generating highly directional beams. Here, we study conformal THz leaky-wave antennas at THz frequencies. We find a rich set of behaviors accessible at THz frequencies dictated by the interplay among the geometrical parameters and the wavelength. We develop simple models to describe the relevant physics, which we verify by an experimental implementation. We also demonstrate data transmission using a conformal THz antenna that can generate multiple high-gain beams with low bit error rates for increased coverage of THz wireless links.
Hydroxylation of organoborons via uranyl photocatalysis
Authors: Jia Yixin , Meng Jiaolong , Hu Deqing , Kang Hao , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: April 2023

Aerobic oxidation of organoboron, via uranyl photocatalysis using the principle of indirect single electron transfer, was established under ambient conditions, and afforded multifarious phenols and alcohols, including nine pharmaceuticals.
Adaptive backstepping controller design for DC/DC buck converter optimised by grey wolf algorithm
Authors: Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Khavari Fatemeh , Mollaee Hasan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA Lypunov‐based Adaptive Backstepping Control (ABSC) approach is designed for a power Buck converter. This strategy is an advanced version of the Backstepping method utilising Lyapunov stability function to reach a higher stability and a better disturbance rejection behaviour in the practical applications. In addition, to reduce the computational burden and increase ease of implantation, Black‐box technique is considered assuming no accurate mathematical model for the system. Nonetheless, in real‐time environments, disturbances with wider ranges including: supply voltage variation, parametric variation, and noise can negatively impact the operation of this method. To compensate for this problem, the gains of the controller should be tuned again for better adaptability with the working condition. Therefore, to satisfy this need and enhance the controller's performance, a metaheuristic algorithm is applied in the control scheme called Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) algorithm. GWO is a well‐behaved nature‐inspired algorithm with faster decision‐making dynamics along with more accuracy over different optimisation algorithms. To better elaborate the merits of this approach, conventional BSM and PSO‐based PID schemes are also designed and tested in different situations.
An optimal joint planning of DGs and electric vehicle charging stations in grid‐connected and islanded microgrids
Authors: Zainab Fasiha , Naz Komal , Mehmood Khawaja Khalid , Bukhari Syed Basit Ali , Wadood Abdul , Khalid Hassan Abdullah , Park Herie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new framework for the planning of both distributed generators (DGs) and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). The proposed method efficiently produces a unified solution for the joint planning of DGs and EVCSs for both grid‐connected and islanded scenarios. The problem is formulated as a novel two‐stage planning problem. The first stage determines the locations and sizes of the DGs with locations of EVCSs in grid‐connected scenario, whereas the second stage planning identifies the optimal islands under the islanded microgrid scenario. A non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) is applied to solve the first stage planning problem; in this stage, the algorithm minimizes two objective functions: the system‐losses and total cost. In the second stage, another single objective optimization problem is designed which minimizes supply voltage variations to find optimal islands for the DGs and EVCSs to ensure a secure supply of power for EVs. The proposed framework is implemented on the IEEE 33‐bus system and verified with four test cases. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show that the sizes and locations of DGs, and locations of EVCSs are adequate for both grid‐connected and islanded microgrids.
Beyond the disk: EUV coronagraphic observations of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Auchère F. , Berghmans D. , Dumesnil C. , Halain J.-P. , Mercier R. , Rochus P. , Delmotte F. , François S. , Hermans A. , Hervier V. , Kraaikamp E. , Meltchakov E. , Morinaud G. , Philippon A. , Smith P. J. , Stegen K. , Verbeeck C. , Zhang X. , Andretta V. , Abbo L. , Buchlin E. , Frassati F. , Gissot S. , Gyo M. , Harra L. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Mierla M. , Nicula B. , Parenti S. , Renotte E. , Romoli M. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Schühle U. , Schmutz W. , Soubrié E. , Susino R. , Teriaca L. , West M. , Zhukov A. N. 
Published: April 2023

Context. Most observations of the solar corona beyond 2 R⊙ consist of broadband visible light imagery carried out with coronagraphs. The associated diagnostics mainly consist of kinematics and derivations of the electron number density. While the measurement of the properties of emission lines can provide crucial additional diagnostics of the coronal plasma (temperatures, velocities, abundances, etc.), these types of observations are comparatively rare. In visible wavelengths, observations at these heights are limited to total eclipses. In the ultraviolet (UV) to extreme UV (EUV) range, very few additional observations have been achieved since the pioneering results of the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS).
Aims. One of the objectives of the Full Sun Imager (FSI) channel of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the Solar Orbiter mission has been to provide very wide field-of-view EUV diagnostics of the morphology and dynamics of the solar atmosphere in temperature regimes that are typical of the lower transition region and of the corona.
Methods. FSI carries out observations in two narrowbands of the EUV spectrum centered on 17.4 nm and 30.4 nm that are dominated, respectively, by lines of FeIX/X (formed in the corona around 1 MK) and by the resonance line of He II (formed around 80 kK in the lower transition region). Unlike previous EUV imagers, FSI includes a moveable occulting disk that can be inserted in the optical path to reduce the amount of instrumental stray light to a minimum.
Results. FSI detects signals at 17.4 nm up to the edge of its field of view (7 R⊙), which is about twice further than was previously possible. Operation at 30.4 nm are for the moment compromised by an as-yet unidentified source of stray light. Comparisons with observations by the LASCO and Metis coronagraphs confirm the presence of morphological similarities and differences between the broadband visible light and EUV emissions, as documented on the basis of prior eclipse and space-based observations.
Conclusions. The very-wide-field observations of FSI out to about 3 and 7 R⊙, without and with the occulting disk, respectively, are paving the way for future dedicated instruments.
Ausfallzeiten und Wiederverletzungsraten nach lateralen Bandverletzungen des Sprunggelenks bei männlichen Profifußballspielern: Zusammenfassung eines Systematic Reviews mit Metaanalyse
Authors: Flore Zacharias , Hambly Karen , De Coninck Kyra , Welsch Götz 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungEs wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in 6 elektronischen Datenbänken durchgeführt, um Ausfallzeiten und Wiederverletzungsraten nach lateralen Bandverletzungen des Sprunggelenks bei professionellen Fußballspielern systematisch zusammenzufassen und metaanalytisch aufzubereiten. Insgesamt entsprachen 13 (Rezidivrate) und 12 (Ausfallzeit) Studien den zuvor festgelegten Einschlusskriterien. Insgesamt wurden 36201 Spieler (44404 Erstverletzungen; 7944 Erstverletzungen am Bandapparat des Sprunggelenks (ankle sprains, AS) und 1193 Rezidivverletzungen des Bandapparats (AS) erfasst. 16442 Profi-Fußballspieler (mit 4893 Erstverletzungen des Bandapparats (AS) und 748 Rezidivverletzungen des Bandapparats) entsprachen den Einschlusskriterien zur Analyse der Rezidivrate und wurden anschließend metaanalytisch untersucht. Basierend auf dem random effects model wurde eine Rezidivrate von 17,11% (95%-KI 13,31–20,92%; df=12; Q=19,53; I²=38,57%) ermittelt. Von 7736 Spielern entsprachen 7337 Spieler den Einschlusskriterien zur Analyse der Ausfallzeit. 3346 Bandverletzungen gingen in die statistische Analyse ein. Aufgrund erheblicher Heterogenität der Studien wurden die Ergebnisse deskriptiv dargestellt (95%-KI 18,15–22,08; df=11; Q=158; I²=93%). Es wurde eine durchschnittliche Ausfallzeit von 15 Tagen (weighted mean: 15,92; median: 14,95; min: 9,55; max: 52,9) ermittelt. Es konnte eine Wiederverletzungsrate von 17% und eine durchschnittliche Ausfallzeit von 15 Tagen nach bandhaften lateralen Sprunggelenkverletzungen bei professionellen Fußballspielern ermittelt werden. Bandverletzungen des Sprunggelenks sind eine der häufigsten Verletzungsformen mit hohen Rezidivraten im Profifußball. Die heterogene Datenerhebung in den Studien erschwert die allgemeine Vergleichbarkeit der Resultate und untermauert somit die allgemeine Forderung, Daten in Verletzungsregistern im Fußball systematisch zu erfassen.