bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4+ TIL to the Rescue of Anti–PD-1 Failure by Targeting MHC-II
Authors: Betof Warner Allison , Luke Jason J. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn this CCR Translations, we discuss the potential for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance through CD4+-mediated and MHC-II–dependent killing. Validating these results from human tumors has potential to improve the clinical application of adoptive cellular transfer in advanced cancers.See related article by Draghi et al., p. 3937
Gaps in Guideline-Based Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Secondary Prevention in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 322 153 Patients
Authors: Navar Ann Marie , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , Gupta Anand , Gillard Kristin Khalaf , Israel Marc K. , Wang Yiqing , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Many patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are not on guideline-recommended statin therapy. We evaluated utilization of statins and other lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), and changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), among patients with ASCVD over a 1-year period.

METHODS:
LLT and LDL-C levels at the first outpatient visit (January 1, 2017–December 31, 2018) and 1-year follow-up were evaluated using data from Cerner Real-World Data, an electronic health record–derived data set from 92 US health systems. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with high-intensity statin use.

RESULTS:
We identified 322 153 patients with ASCVD (median age 69 years, 58.8% men, 81.8% White). Overall, 76.1% of patients were on statins, with only 39.4% on high-intensity statins. Men were more likely to receive high-intensity statins than women (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.30–1.38]). Increasing age was associated with lower odds of statin use (odds ratio, 0.79 per 5-year increase at 60 years [95% CI, 0.78–0.81]). Patients with peripheral artery disease (odds ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.37–0.42]) and cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.70–0.80]) had lower odds of using high-intensity statins than those with coronary artery disease. At baseline, most patients (61.3%) had elevated LDL-C (≥70 mg/dL), including 59.8% of those on low/moderate-intensity statins and 76.1% on no statin; only 45.3% achieved an LDL-C <70 mg/dL at 1 year. Nonstatin LLT use was low (ezetimibe, 4.4%; proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, 0.7%). Among patients on no statin or low/moderate-intensity statin at baseline, 14.8% and 13.4%, respectively, were on high-intensity statins at 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with ASCVD in routine care, high-intensity statins are underutilized, and uptitration and use of nonstatin therapy are uncommon. Women, older adults, and individuals with noncardiac ASCVD are particularly undertreated. Concerted efforts are needed to address therapeutic inertia for lipid management in patients with ASCVD.
Who Is My Neighbour? Reading the Good Samaritan in the Context of the Coup
Authors: Seng Ja Layang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37) is a classic paradigm of perception and blindness. The story reflects ideas of identity in the time of Jesus but also raises issues that are pressing in our world today and the tendency to divide humanity into categories. This parable challenges us to question this categorization, to step across the boundaries it draws. Drawing on firsthand experience of the coup and Covid, this article seeks to read the parable and explores how it challenges us to rethink our identity and role in the context of a serious political and humanitarian crisis. It also examines how some neighbouring nations’ failure to show their humanitarian aid toward the victims of the coup are analogous to the priest and Levite’s failure to help the victim beaten up by robbers. The article suggests that the good Samaritan’s neighbourly act of assisting the victim serves as a moral example for reconsidering the identity of the church and her cross-cultural act of healing, assisting, and advocating for the victims, prisoners, and refugees.
A Burmese Public Theology of Religions and Reconciliation after the 2021 Coup
Authors: Moe David Thang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article is a contextual reflection on the religious dimensions of reconciliation and anti-coup resistance. In doing so, the article addresses some fresh methodological issues and nuanced approaches to religions and public life. It begins by suggesting a paradigm shift in reimagining a public theology of religions and reconciliation that calls for engaging not only with academics, but also with lived practitioners. It critically examines the paradoxical role of religions. It first examines why and how religions play role in the politics of nationalism and tribalism and then suggests how interreligious ethics should be utilized as alternative sources for reconciliation. It shows how the coup creates a kairos for a transformative vision of interreligious solidarity and interethnic reconciliation. It then examines the ongoing stories of interreligious activist everyday resistance to the coup as adharma. Given that resisting the coup in public life is dangerous, the article also argues that public theology is not just about the reflection on public witness, but also about the hidden witness of faiths. It concludes by suggesting how religions shape the moral vision of ethnic reconciliation, federal democracy, mutual embrace of identity and otherness.
Through a queer lens: Sybil Morrison and Myrtle Solomon, stalwarts of the British and international peace movement
Authors: Somerset Jo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sybil Morrison and Myrtle Solomon were leading pacifists in the twentieth-century British and international peace movements. Their combined activism straddled the Second World War, nuclear arms, colonial independence, opposition to the Vietnam War and the 1980s women’s peace movement. Women in a male-dominated movement, their lesbian identities remained hidden until pressure from the post-Stonewall generation persuaded them to come out, described by eyewitnesses as a pivotal moment for the movement. Interviews in three oral history collections predate the queer turn in history after their deaths. Examining these oral history sources enhances understanding of these influential women and faces the ethical challenge of posthumously loading private lives with political significance. This article bridges a gap between pacifist/Left and lgbtq+ narratives, answering a twenty-first century call for nuanced and multi-faceted history.
Subvortices within a Numerically Simulated Tornado: The Role of Unstable Vortex Rossby Waves
Authors: Huang Wei , Xue Ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Multiple subvortices corresponding to suction vortices in observations are obtained within a simulated tornado for the EF4 tornado case of Funing, China, on 23 June 2016. Within the simulation, the tornado evolves from a one-cell structure with vorticity maximum at its center to a two-cell structure with a ring of vorticity maximum. Five well-defined subvortices develop along the ring. The radial profile of tangential wind across the vorticity ring satisfies the necessary condition of barotropic instability associated with phase-locked, counterpropagating vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) along the ring edges. The phased-locked waves revolve around the parent vortex at a speed less than the maximum azimuthal-mean tangential velocity, agreeing with theoretically predicted VRW phase speed. The radii within which the wave activities are confined are also correctly predicted by the VRW theory where radial group velocity approaches zero. Several other characteristics related to the simulated subvortices agree with VRW theories also. The most unstable azimuthal wavenumber depends on the width and the relative magnitude of vorticity of the vortex ring. Their values estimated from the simulation prior to subvortex formation correctly predict wavenumber 5 as the most unstable. The largest contribution to wave kinetic energy is diagnosed to be from the radial shear of azimuthal wind term, consistent with barotropic instability. Vorticity diagnostics show that vertical vorticity stretching is the primary vorticity source for the intensification and maintenance of the simulated subvortices.

Significance Statement
Multiple subvortices or suction vortices in tornadoes can produce extreme damage but their cause is not well understood. An intense tornado from China that developed five strong subvortices, along a vorticity ring a distance from the tornado vortex center, was successfully simulated. By examining the propagation and other characteristics of these subvortices and comparing them with theoretical models of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) that have been studied mostly in the context of typhoons/hurricanes, it is believed that nonlinear growth of unstable VRWs associated with barotropic instability is the primary reason for the development of subvortices within the tornado. The conclusion is further supported by analyses of the primary source of wave growth energy. Vertical vorticity stretching is the main vorticity source for intensifying and maintaining the subvortices at their development and mature stages. The unstable growth of VRWs as the cause of tornado suction vortices has not been analyzed in detail for realistic tornadoes until now.
Long-Term Observational Characteristics of Different Severe Convective Wind Types around Australia
Authors: Brown Andrew , Dowdy Andrew , Lane Todd P. , Hitchcock Stacey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Regional understanding of severe surface winds produced by convective processes [severe convective winds (SCWs)] is important for decision-making in several areas of society, including weather forecasting and engineering design. Meteorological studies have demonstrated that SCWs can occur due to a number of different mesoscale and microscale processes, in a range of large-scale atmospheric environments. However, long-term observational studies of SCW characteristics often have not considered this diversity in physical processes, particularly in Australia. Here, a statistical clustering method is used to separate a large dataset of SCW events, measured by automatic weather stations around Australia, into three types, associated with strong background wind, steep lapse rate, and high moisture environments. These different types of SCWs are shown to have different seasonal and spatial variations in their occurrence, as well as different measured wind gust, lightning, and parent-storm characteristics. In addition, various convective diagnostics are tested in their ability to discriminate between measured SCW events and nonsevere events, with significant variations in skill between event types. Differences in environmental conditions and wind gust characteristics between event types suggests potentially different physical processes for SCW production. These findings are intended to improve regional understanding of severe wind characteristics, as well as environmental prediction of SCWs in weather and climate applications, by considering different event types.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to improve regional understanding of different types of severe wind events in Australia, specifically those associated with atmospheric convection. We did this by constructing a dataset of 413 severe convective wind events, using weather station and radar data within 20 regions around Australia. We then split those events into three different types, based on the environmental conditions that they occur within. We found that each event type tends to occur at different times of the year and in different regions, while also having different wind gust and lightning characteristics. In addition, the atmospheric conditions that are helpful for prediction of severe wind events differs between each type. These results are intended to be useful for prediction of severe wind events associated with convection and assessing their variability, characteristics, and impacts, in both weather forecasting and climate analysis.
The identification, adaptive evolutionary analyses and mRNA expression levels of homeobox (hox) genes in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Chen Shasha , Jiang Xianfeng , Xia Longjie , Chen Zhiyi , Zhou Kaiya , Yan Jie , Li Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundArthropods are the largest group in the animal kingdom and are morphologically characterized by heterorhythmic segments. Brachyuran decapod crustaceans undergo brachyurization metamorphosis in the early developmental process, characterized by a reduced abdomen that is folded beneath the cephalothorax and inserted between the pereiopods or in a special cavity. As the main cause of major alterations in the evolution of animal body plans,Hoxgenes encode transcription factors and are involved in bilaterian anterior-posterior axis patterning.ResultsWe found eightHoxgenes (labial,proboscipedia,Deformed,zerknüllt,Sex combs reduced,Antennapedia,Ultrabithorax,fushi tarazu,abdominal-AandAbdominal-B) inEriocheir sinensis.The phylogenetic topology of 13 arthropodHoxgenes was closely related to traditional taxonomic groupings. Genome collinearity analysis was performed using genomic data and chromosomal location data ofE. sinensisandPortunus trituratus. We found that their chromosomes were highly collinear, and there was a corresponding collinear relationship between the threeHoxgenes (lab, ftzandAbd-B). The mRNA expression levels ofScrandAntpfluctuated significantly in different developmental stages ofE. sinensis, especially in the brachyurization stages. Evolutionary analysis indicated the presence of positively selected sites inUbx.ConclusionsIn this study, we used genome-wide analysis to identify and analyze all members of theHoxgenes inE. sinensis. Our data will contribute to a better understanding ofHoxgenes inE. sinensisand provide useful molecular evolutionary information for further investigation on their roles in the brachyurization of crabs.
Distinct patterns of gene expression in the medial preoptic area are related to gregarious singing behavior in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Authors: Polzin Brandon J. , Stevenson Sharon A. , Gammie Stephen C. , Riters Lauren V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Song performed in flocks by European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), referred to here as gregarious song, is a non-sexual, social behavior performed by adult birds. Gregarious song is thought to be an intrinsically reinforced behavior facilitated by a low-stress, positive affective state that increases social cohesion within a flock. The medial preoptic area (mPOA) is a region known to have a role in the production of gregarious song. However, the neurochemical systems that potentially act within this region to regulate song remain largely unexplored. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to characterize patterns of gene expression in the mPOA of male and female starlings singing gregarious song to identify possibly novel neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and hormonal pathways that may be involved in the production of gregarious song.

Results
Differential gene expression analysis and rank rank hypergeometric analysis indicated that dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic systems were associated with the production of gregarious song, with multiple receptor genes (e.g., DRD2, DRD5, CHRM4, GABRD) upregulated in the mPOA of starlings who sang at high rates. Additionally, co-expression network analyses identified co-expressing gene clusters of glutamate signaling-related genes associated with song. One of these clusters contained five glutamate receptor genes and two glutamate scaffolding genes and was significantly enriched for genetic pathways involved in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with social deficits in humans. Two of these genes, GRIN1 and SHANK2, were positively correlated with performance of gregarious song.

Conclusions
This work provides new insights into the role of the mPOA in non-sexual, gregarious song in starlings and highlights candidate genes that may play a role in gregarious social interactions across vertebrates. The provided data will also allow other researchers to compare across species to identify conserved systems that regulate social behavior.
Association between malnutrition and stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Dongze , Liu Yi , Jia Yu , Yu Jing , Li Fanghui , Li Hong , Ye Lei , Liao Xiaoyang , Wan Zhi , Zeng Zhi , Cao Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition is associated with a high risk of mortality in adults with ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and the risk of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) as only a few studies examined the relationship between malnutrition and the risk of SAP in IS.

Methods
Patients were included from emergency departments of five tertiary hospitals in the REtrospective Multicenter study for Ischemic Stroke Evaluation (REMISE) study from January 2020 to December 2020. Malnutrition was defined according to the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) systems. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between malnutrition and risk of SAP.

Results
We enrolled 915 patients with IS, 193 (14.75%), 495 (54.1%), and 148 (16.2%) of whom were malnourished according to the PNI, CONUT, and GNRI scores, respectively. SAP occurred in 294 (32.1%) patients. After adjusting for confounding influencing factors in the logistic regression analysis, malnutrition (moderate and severe risk vs. absent malnutrition) was independently associated with an increased risk of SAP based on the PNI (odds ratio [OR], 5.038; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.435–10.421, P < 0.001), CONUT (OR, 6.941; 95% CI 3.034–15.878, P < 0.001), and GNRI (OR, 2.007; 95% CI 1.186–3.119, P = 0.005) scores. Furthermore, adding malnutrition assessment indices to the A2DS2 score significantly improved the ability to predict SAP by analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves and net reclassification improvement.

Conclusion
Malnutrition was notably prevalent in patients with IS and independently associated with an increased risk of SAP. Further studies are required to identify the effect of interventions on malnutrition to reduce the risk of SAP.
Ligand-independent activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β promotes vitreous-induced contraction of retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Duan Yajian , Wu Wenyi , Cui Jing , Matsubara Joanne Aiko , Kazlauskas Andrius , Ma Gaoen , Li Xiaorong , Lei Hetian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Epiretinal membranes in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) consist of extracellular matrix and a number of cell types including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and fibroblasts, whose contraction causes retinal detachment. In RPE cells depletion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR)β suppresses vitreous-induced Akt activation, whereas in fibroblasts Akt activation through indirect activation of PDGFRα by growth factors outside the PDGF family (non-PDGFs) plays an essential role in experimental PVR. Whether non-PDGFs in the vitreous, however, were also able to activate PDGFRβ in RPE cells remained elusive.

Methods
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was utilized to edit a genomic PDGFRB locus in RPE cells derived from an epiretinal membrane (RPEM) from a patient with PVR, and a retroviral vector was used to express a truncated PDGFRβ short of a PDGF-binding domain in the RPEM cells lacking PDGFRβ. Western blot was employed to analyze expression of PDGFRβ and α-smooth muscle actin, and signaling events (p-PDGFRβ and p-Akt). Cellular assays (proliferation, migration and contraction) were also applied in this study.

Results
Expression of a truncated PDGFRβ lacking a PDGF-binding domain in the RPEM cells whose PDGFRB gene has been silent using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology restores vitreous-induced Akt activation as well as cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and contraction. In addition, we show that scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N-acetyl-cysteine and inhibiting Src family kinases (SFKs) with their specific inhibitor SU6656 blunt the vitreous-induced activation of the truncated PDGFRβ and Akt as well as the cellular events related to the PVR pathogenesis. These discoveries suggest that in RPE cells PDGFRβ can be activated indirectly by non-PDGFs in the vitreous via an intracellular pathway of ROS/SFKs to facilitate the development of PVR, thereby providing novel opportunities for PVR therapeutics.

Conclusion
The data shown here will improve our understanding of the mechanism by which PDGFRβ can be activated by non-PDGFs in the vitreous via an intracellular route of ROS/SFKs and provide a conceptual foundation for preventing PVR by inhibiting PDGFRβ transactivation (ligand-independent activation).
Occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in Western China: a network analysis
Authors: Jia Siyan , Yu Bin , Feng Chuanteng , Jia Peng , Xu Peng , Yang Shujuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers suffered with high prevalence of occupational burnout, which might be related with their job satisfaction and well-being. This study aimed to provide evidence of complex interrelations among occupational burnout, flourishing, and job satisfaction, and identify key variables from the perspective of network structure among healthcare workers.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2021, and 907 (the response rate was 98.4%) HIV/AIDS healthcare workers completed their sociodemographic characteristics, occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction. Network analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelations of occupational burnout, flourishing, and job satisfaction communities, and identify central variables and bridges connecting different communities with different bridge strength thresholds in the network structure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine the gender differences in networks.ResultsIn the network, feeling exhausted at work (strength: 1.42) and feeling frustrated at work (1.27) in occupational burnout community, and interested in daily activities (1.32) in flourishing community were central variables. Bridges in the network were job reward satisfaction (bridge strength: 0.31), satisfaction with job itself (0.25), and job environment satisfaction (0.19) in job satisfaction community, as well as interested in daily activities (0.29) and feeling respectable (0.18) in flourishing community, with bridges selected with top 20% bridge strengths. Feeling frustrated at work (0.14) in occupational burnout community and leading a purposeful and meaningful life (0.11) in flourishing community became bridges when using thresholds of top 25% and 30% bridge strengths, respectively. We also observed higher network densities in females (network density: 0.37) than that in males (0.34), and gender differences in the distribution of partial correlation coefficients (M = 0.27,P = 0.017).ConclusionsIn the network structure of occupational burnout-flourishing-job satisfaction, feeling frustrated at work in occupational burnout community and interested in daily activities in flourishing community were both central variables and bridges, which may be targeted variables to intervene to alleviate the overall level of symptoms in the network and therefore prevent poor health outcomes in healthcare workers.