bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Typological Diversity of Morphomes
Authors: Herce Borja 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book constitutes the first typologically oriented monograph on morphomes, which is the term given to systematic morphological identities, usually within inflectional paradigms, that do not map onto syntactic or semantic natural classes like ‘plural’, ‘past’, ‘third-person singular’. Its first half addresses the theoretical and empirical challenges surrounding the identification and definition of morphomes, and surveys their links with related notions like syncretism, homophony, blocking, segmentation, economy, morphophonology, etc. It also presents the different ways in which morphomic structures have been observed to emerge, change, and disappear from a language. The second part of the book contains its core contribution: a database with 120 morphomes across 79 languages from all around the world. These structures are first presented in painstaking philological detail, and then deconstructed into logically independent axes of variation, identified in the spirit of Multivariate Typology. Statistical analysis is then undertaken to spot trends and correlations which are subsequently discussed. Various findings, relevant to both proponents and detractors of Autonomous Morphology, have emerged regarding, for example, the idiosyncratic (i.e. not representative) nature of Romance morphomes, the existence of cross-linguistically recurrent unnatural patterns, and the preference for more natural structures even among morphomes. The database is also expected to allow explorations of other issues, such as how learnability and communicative efficiency pressures impact morphological structure, and lexical and grammatical informativity across the word.
PNI-property II: Lack of binding and control
Authors: Driemel Imke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the scope diagnostic does not apply to all noun types which can optionally be case-marked in the languages of this study, we extend the investigation by two additional diagnostics, which are discussed in detail in this chapter. Bare nouns are taken as the baseline in each pseudo-incorporation language, which are consistently shown to not be able to act as binders or controllers. These tests are employed to probe for the PNI status of the rest of the noun types, specifically those for which scope tests are unavailable, for example demonstrative phrases and weak definites. The inability to bind or control into a clause is explained by the fact that binding is a nominal property, thus not available pseudo-incorporated nouns. One way to implement this assumption is by restricting the insertion of a binder prefix to nominal categories, which is spelled out in this chapter.
PNI-property III: Movement patterns
Authors: Driemel Imke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe final diagnostic discussed in this book is movement, which is the focus of this chapter. It will be shown that restrictions to the movement capacity of pseudo-incorporated arguments are by no means uniform across languages. Whereas Mongolian and Tamil display complete immobility of PNI-ed arguments, Korean allows for clause-internal but not long scrambling. Turkish allows for short, intermediate, and long scrambling. Identical observations hold for VP-movement in the languages, respectively. The parallelism of PNI and VP movement can be most clearly shown with German, a language which, although not allowing case drop, has been argued to pseudo-incorporate bare plurals and non-specific indefinites. PNI-ed arguments do not scramble, yet they can undergo topicalization - the identical movement patterns are observed for VPs in German. The account is implemented within phase theory, where scrambling and topicalization is triggered by category sensitive probe features.
Introduction
Authors: Rappoport Jill 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Introduction uses novels by Jane Austen to set up the book’s argument that critical focus on marriage and law has obscured other economic relations and customs important to women’s financial agency. It also demonstrates how debates about women’s rights relied on different representational strategies during this earlier period and in later decades of property reform. Early nineteenth-century novels such as Austen’s tend to suggest that fathers and inheritance practices are as much to blame as marriage for women’s economic disadvantages, aligning coverture (the common law doctrine that marriage voided a woman’s legal identity) with primogeniture (the consolidation of wealth among eldest sons). This earlier view of women’s marginalization allows us to see the discursive shift that occurs around the Victorian reform of women’s property law, when fiction written after the 1870 Act begins to pit the economic rights of wives against those of sons. Celebrating primogeniture even as they acknowledge problems within marital structures, novels from this later period strike back at women’s growing economic rights by suggesting that their claims will threaten “family property” and that “good mothers” should willingly cede those claims to their children.
“How Can Money Be a Corpse’s?”
Authors: Rappoport Jill 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Our Mutual Friend, John Harmon’s infamous will, which makes his son’s inheritance contingent on marriage to a woman he has never met, showcases the economic dispossession of middle-class women in the 1860s. But is also central to a different economic problem—the failure of written documents to distribute property. Willed property proves to be little more than a fiction in a novel that questions the posthumous power any author can have over his or her writing (whether as property or regarding property). Dickens thus imagines extralegal ways to push beyond the limits of legal ownership, using female characters both to restore Harmon’s estate and to protect a woman’s burial wishes. Ultimately, he attempts to resolve a crisis in gendered and authorial property rights through collaborative exchanges, granting working-class women greater economic roles and testamentary rights in the service of securing the fantasy of stable authorship, patrilineal property, and more reliably directed legacies.
Greed, Generosity, and Other Problems with Unmarried Women’s Property
Authors: Rappoport Jill 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 focuses on the property problems of four unmarried female characters. Alongside Anthony Trollope’s general sympathy for women’s legal position, his acknowledgment of their financial capabilities, and his unusual tendency to depict wealthy female characters, these novels’ unusually punitive plotlines suggest the threat that single women’s independent economic actions might pose to established family structures and financial traditions. Whether these women are condemned as “blood-sucking harpies” for being “generous as the sun,” their greed and generosity present equal dangers to these novels’ social worlds because they obstruct customary forms of property transmission. By challenging principles of inheritance and heterosexual exchange, injuring the very families they claim to help, and creating unacceptable burdens for their male kin, these characters underscore contemporary fears and fantasies about the intrafamilial stakes of women’s financial choices and also showcase the contested roles of female custodians and creditors that became salient during a time of increased agitation for married women’s property rights.
Essential Statistics for Data Science
Authors: Zhu Mu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Essential Statistics for Data Science is a very short crash course for students entering a serious graduate program in data science without knowing enough statistics. However, it is not the type of introductory course that simply teaches students how to plug numbers into a formula and perform a t-test. While the course does start from the basics of probability and random variables, it moves along rapidly and ambitiously takes students in a matter of weeks to a number of relatively advanced topics in both frequentist and Bayesian inference as well as uncertainty assessment—such as the EM algorithm, the Gibbs sampler, and the bootstrap. The “main plot” unfolds in three parts. Part I, Talking Probability: The statistical approach to analysing data begins with a probability model to describe the data generating process; that's why, to study statistics, one must first learn to speak the language of probability. Part II, Doing Statistics: Before a model becomes truly useful, one must learn something about the unknown quantities in it—e.g., its parameters—from the data it is presumed to have generated, whether one cares about the parameters themselves or not; that's what much of statistical inference is about. Part III, Facing Uncertainty: Although one usually does not care much about parameters that don't have intrinsic scientific meaning, for those that do, it is important to explicitly describe how much uncertainty we have about them and take that into account when making decisions.
The Office for Budget Responsibility and the Politics of Technocratic Economic Governance
Authors: Clift Ben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis book is about the politics of economic ideas, and the inevitable yet hidden politics of technocratic economic governance, explored through a focus on the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR)—the institution designed to oversee Britain’s fiscal policy. Drawing on an in-depth qualitative analysis of official documents and interviews with professional economists and technocrats, the book develops the politics of economic method lens to shed new light on the judgement and discretion inherent in interpreting economic ideas in practice. This analysis reveals the OBR’s remit of objective distance from the political fray to be grounded in a false premise. Despite appeals to independent and ‘scientific’ economic expertise, there is always a politics of economic policy, embodied in how technocratic governance institutions are created, and how they choose to examine and narrate the economy. Economic models and discourses are socially constructed, reproducing and reimagining knowledge about an economy’s trajectory, and how it should be studied and managed. The book interrogates the broader backdrop against which such deliberations take place, exploring the twenty-first-century evolution of macroeconomic orthodoxy and the British model of capitalism. It engages three ‘once in a century’ shocks, analysing British capitalism’s uncertain trajectory as policymakers navigated the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and the upheavals of Brexit and COVID. By delineating competing constructions of economic reason and showing how they underpin models of British capitalism, growth, and crisis response, the book provides an indispensable account of the politics of technocracy, and of Britain’s contemporary political economy.
Embattled Technocratic Governance
Authors: Clift Ben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the book’s focus on the construction of economic reason and the politics of technocratic economic governance. It establishes how seemingly objective economic concepts and methods, used by technocratic governance bodies like the Office for Budget Responsibility to gauge economic growth trajectories and policy effects, are political constructions founded on contestable normative assumptions. It illustrates how studying the OBR provides a window onto the technocratic world of economic expertise and unpacks how the neoliberal idea of an apolitical fiscal policy process is an illusion. The lens of the OBR is used to explore tensions between national sovereignty and global markets, and the broader politics and political economy of Britain’s growth trajectory, the British model of capitalism, and Britain’s place within world order. It charts the seismic upheavals of the Global Financial Crisis, Brexit and the Covid-19 pandemic, and the atypical politics of British economic policy in the context of Brexit. In doing so, it speaks to broader debates about populism and ‘post-truth’ politics, and assesses the impact of these movements on technocratic economic governance.
Conclusion
Authors: Clift Ben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis concluding chapter recaps the book’s core themes, distilling the politics of technocratic economic governance and illuminating the value of a politics of economic method lens for exploring political contestation over economic ideas and how they are used in practice by the experts charged with pronouncing on the economy’s health. It lays out how the OBR’s narrating the economy entails the social construction of sound fiscal policy, reflecting on how economic and fiscal orthodoxy is a contingent historical phenomenon. It questions the possibility of fiscal oversight at the non-normative end of the spectrum, and revisits tensions between British politics and Europe in terms of the paradox of neoliberal democracy. Considering the enduring appeal of technocratic economic governance, discussion assesses future challenges for the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), notably those posed by Britain’s recent democratic deterioration eroding parliamentary and judicial accountability of the executive. The impunity, serial lying, and law-breaking of the British government encouraged under Boris Johnson made it harder for independent oversight bodies like the OBR to hold government fiscal policy to account. With the dawn of ‘post-truth’ politics, the sinews linking the doctrine underpinning economic policymaking to fact, evidence, economic reason, and logic became much more elastic. This is a challenging environment for technocratic economic governance institutions to execute their oversight mandates and render economic policy choices more accountable. Finally, it considers how technocratic economic governance and economic forecasting can respond to the additional uncertainties and non-linear dynamics of the major public policy challenge of the twenty-first century—the climate crisis.
Witness-based quantification
Authors: Cooper Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at generalized quantifiers from the perspective of dialogic interaction. Traditionally generalized quantifiers are treated as sets of sets or sets of properties. Barwise and Cooper also introduced the auxiliary notion of witness set for quantifiers under the heading “Processing quantified statements”. This chapter turns things around and make the characterization of witness sets the primary notion in defining quantifiers. This makes it more straightforward to account for the anaphoric possibilities relating to quantified expressions in dialogue. We often use quantified statements in dialogue when we have inadequate information to determine their truth. This is particularly true of determiners like every and most when talking about large sets. We suggest that this phenomenon can be analyzed by estimating a probability based on the evidence presented in our cognitive resources (long-term memory or beliefs as discussed in Chapters 4 and 6).
The Black Swan of Chalcedon and Dioscorus’ Deposition
Authors: Menze Volker L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Council of Chalcedon in 451 is accepted as the fourth ecumenical council in the western church traditions. It is usually regarded as rectifying the misdeeds of the Second Council of Ephesus, the ‘robber-council’ which took place two years earlier. But the chapter shows that the council was procedurally hardly any better handled than the ‘robber-council’. The first session might look like a heresy trial of Dioscorus at first sight but it is rather a very confused appeal hearing. The order of the following sessions has been much debated, but the present chapter offers a new hypothesis that fits the evidence better than previous reconstructions. In the third session Dioscorus was deposed—not condemned as it can still sometimes be found in the literature. Although Pope Leo and a few other dyophysites might have really regarded him as a heretic, he was deposed because a scapegoat was needed for the Second Council of Ephesus. Emperor Theodosius who had largely been responsible for the procedural framework could not be accused so that Dioscorus as former president of the council was the obvious choice. Against major resistance, the Council also endorsed Leo’s Tome and issued a dyophysite formula of faith. With Dioscorus’ deposition, the post-Chalcedonian quarrels started which were going to last until the seventh century.
Institutionalizing the Duty to Rescue in a Global Health Emergency
Authors: Buchanan Allen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that the moral underperformance of wealthy states and pharmaceutical companies in the current pandemic is a predictable result of an institutional failure: the lack of a well-designed international institution that would “perfect” imperfect duties to prevent and mitigate harm to distant strangers. Wealthy states and pharmaceutical companies have publicly acknowledged that they ought to do something to aid pandemic responses in less wealthy countries, for example by supplying vaccines and ventilators, but for the most part their efforts have been meager and uncoordinated. The problem is that imperfect duties are indeterminate as to exactly what the duty-bearer is required to do. The solution is to develop an international institution that would clearly identify duty-bearers and recipients of aid, specify the content of the duties, achieve a fair distribution of the costs of fulfilling the duties, and supply effective mechanisms for compliance with the assigned duties.
Fair Distribution of Burdens and Vulnerable Groups with Physical Distancing during a Pandemic
Authors: Nakazawa Eisuke , Akabayashi Akira 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Social disparities became apparent in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical distancing policy to control spread of infection was effective, but it caused social distancing, especially among older people and foreigners. The physical distancing policy reduced opportunities for older people to go out. The most tragic consequence of social isolation among older people is the increase in solitary death. Foreign students, foreign technical intern trainees, and unauthorized immigrants lost much of their freedom of movement and economic activities. Vulnerable foreigners experienced deterioration in health due to economic and linguistic restrictions. There is a trade-off between guaranteeing individual freedom of action and promoting the public good through the control of infectious diseases. Blanket policies that do not consider diversity of behaviors and social circumstances should be reconsidered. Information on public health policies must be of higher quality and customized to accommodate the learning capabilities of the general populace. This chapter proposes three innovations: minimal restrictions, providing appropriate information, and providing communication tools. These need to be brought to bear on policies considered in the context of tension between respect for individual freedom of action, the intrinsic value of in-person communication, and the promotion of social good for the control of infectious diseases. Since the trade-off is essential, it also appears in the Disease X that we face in the future. The chapter points out that policymakers need to adjust the conflict in accordance with the principles of justice to protect the socially vulnerable.
Driving Digital Transformation
Authors: Ndulu Benno , Stuart Elizabeth , Dercon Stefan , Knaack Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book traces the experience of digital economic transformation in seven developing countries, providing insights for policymakers and practitioners in similar situations as well as lessons for outsiders trying to support government reform efforts more broadly. In one country, the prime minister pushes for the liberalization of digital finance as a central pillar of the country’s national strategy, while the central bank almost makes it a criminal offence. In another, the digital minister tries to scupper the very process to support digital transformation that the president has asked them to co-lead. This book gives a ringside seat on seven developing countries’ tumultuous early steps on the path to a reform of the economy and the government using technology. Written by a group of academics and practitioners from Oxford at the heart of the process, but foregrounding the voices of the policymakers and participants, this book documents and critically assesses efforts to assist a set of governments to kick-start digital transformation. In doing so, it offers lessons for policymakers in other countries. But beyond that, it is an exposition of the process of policymaking more generally in the 2020s, and offers a broader insight as to how outsiders can play a sensible role in other reform processes in developing and emerging countries.
Medieval Sacraments
Authors: Ross Shaun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the work of Chaucer and the Pearl-poet, demonstrating how, well before the supposedly proto-secular poetics of the seventeenth century, these two authors analogize their own poetic signification with the culturally central signification of the eucharist. Focussing on ‘The Pardoner’s Tale’, ‘The Summoner’s Tale’, and Pearl in the context of the debate between nominalists and realists, this chapter argues that the playful and creative eucharistic poetics of these medieval authors belie a narrative that explains sacramentality in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century poetry as a substitution or consolation for an abandoned social ritual.
Friendship or Hatred? 1887–1891
Authors: Bew Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
At first, all looked well when the Parnell Commission of inquiry ended as essentially a victory for Parnell. But then the conflict between Parnell and Dillon, not only over Parnell’s sexual morality but also his growing conservatism, finally exploded. Dillon continued to push his land agitation: Parnell refused to visit Ireland, probably depriving himself of likely allies when the divorce crisis erupted. The Parnell Commission’s final conclusions gave Parnell an apparently impregnable strength. He was doted on by both British Liberalism and Irish nationalism. Yet, beneath the surface, John Dillon and other key leaders were disappointed by Parnell’s lack of leadership in the land war. When the revelations concerning Parnell’s private life broke, he was no longer able to crush his internal opposition.
Dillon’s World 1891–1918
Authors: Bew Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dillon’s late career was to be defined by his conflict with those who were attempting to build, as they saw it, ‘Parnellism without Parnell’. He was increasingly locked into the world of Gladstonian Liberalism and this intensified after 1909 when he finally—later than many of his colleagues—accepted that the land issue was fading in importance. He was also an ardent supporter of the Irish language but resolutely refused all attempts to use it as a weapon against Protestants. Dillon also accepted what is known today as the ‘principle of consent’ in Ulster politics. The First World War destroyed Dillon’s career—he believed it was right to support Liberal England. But many in Ireland did not admire Liberal England and switched their support to Sinn Fein, thus ending Dillon’s career in high-level politics.