bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification for the Concrete Syntax of Graph-Like Modeling Languages
Authors: Wrobel Gregor , Scheffler Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA classification scheme for Graph-Like Modeling Languages (GLML) is presented in this paper. The novelty of this classifier lies in its application to a meta-model for GLML that deviates from the simple graph model and underlies a large number of GLML. The main goal of using this classification scheme is to support the reuse of layout algorithms for GLML. GLML are used directly or indirectly for the development of software by model-based software engineering techniques. In other domains, graph-like models are artifacts (e.g., circuit diagrams, energy flow diagrams) that serve as input for downstream specialized applications (simulators, optimizers). The concrete syntax of a language for creating, editing, and understanding models is highly important for the development of modeling tools. Layout methods for the used languages have to be implemented to achieve software tools with good usability. Developing layout algorithms is a complex topic that is covered by the specialized field of Graph Drawing. However, there is no existing procedure to determine which layout algorithm can be used for a GLML. Matching layout algorithms to GLML can be achieved by applying the presented classification scheme.
Modulation of allergic contact dermatitis via gut microbiota modified by diet, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics
Authors: Kiecka Aneta , Macura Barbara , Szczepanik Marian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAllergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common recorded occupational diseases. There are many different substances that the skin comes into contact with on a daily basis and that can cause ACD, e.g., preservatives, surfactants, and antimicrobial agents. The development of a mouse model of ACD has provided insight into the immune mechanisms involved. Drugs used in the treatment of skin diseases have many side effects. Therefore, alternative methods of suppressing the immune response to reduce the symptoms of skin diseases are being sought. In recent years, high hopes have been placed on dietary modulation and supplementation to affect the intestinal microbial composition and promote anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, other studies have shown the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in many immune-mediated diseases. Recognition and characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory nutrients and supplements may be crucial to support the treatment of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and allergic contact dermatitis.
Systematic literature review of the role of e-commerce in providing pathways to sustainability for poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cordes Darrold L. , Marinova Dora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoverty elimination by 2030 is the major initiative of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising. There is an absence of structural reform for transformational change across the region. E-commerce is an enabler of small and large businesses in developed economies. Community-led initiatives for poverty alleviation may benefit from the transactional capabilities of e-commerce for direct trade with suppliers and consumers. Well-structured small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) can foster local innovation and entrepreneurship, and collaboration between SMEs can enhance product development and marketing strategies. This review aims to discover formal research into the application of e-commerce in sustainable development models for poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the extent of innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration among SMEs. The review found an absence of formal research into theories and practical strategies for sustainability innovations across the low-income spectrum. Organizational structures have not been developed to stimulate outreach, to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, or to embrace technology. Further, there is limited discussion on the importance of collaboration for the sharing of knowledge and joint business activities, but there is acknowledgement that SMEs can provide spatially diversified sustainable development. This article proposes a framework for the implementation and management of networks of SMEs focused on the sustainable development of low-income communities.
High ultraviolet-B sensitivity due to lower CPD photolyase activity is needed for biotic stress response to the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Mmbando Gideon S. , Ando Sugihiro , Takahashi Hideki , Hidema Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSensitivity to ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280–315 nm) radiation varies widely among rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars due to differences in the activity of cyclobutane pyrimidines dimer (CPD) photolyase. Interestingly, cultivars with high UVB sensitivity and low CPD photolyase activity have been domesticated in tropical areas with high UVB radiation. Here, we investigated how differences in CPD photolyase activity affect plant resistance to the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, which is one of the other major stresses. We used Asian and African rice cultivars and transgenic lines with different CPD photolyase activities to evaluate the interaction effects of CPD photolyase activity on resistance to M. oryzae. In UVB-resistant rice plants overexpressing CPD photolyase, 12 h of low-dose UVB (0.4 W m−2) pretreatment enhanced sensitivity to M. oryzae. In contrast, UVB-sensitive rice (transgenic rice with antisense CPD photolyase, A-S; and rice cultivars with low CPD photolyase activity) showed resistance to M. oryzae. Several defense-related genes were upregulated in UVB-sensitive rice compared to UVB-resistant rice. UVB-pretreated A-S plants showed decreased multicellular infection and robust accumulation of reactive oxygen species. High UVB-induced CPD accumulation promoted defense responses and cross-protection mechanisms against rice blast disease. This may indicate a trade-off between high UVB sensitivity and biotic stress tolerance in tropical rice cultivars.
Graphical Abstract
Stable anisotropic minimal hypersurfaces in
Authors: Chodosh Otis , Li Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe show that a complete, two-sided, stable immersed anisotropic minimal hypersurface in$\mathbf {R}^4$has intrinsic cubic volume growth, provided the parametric elliptic integral is$C^2$-close to the area functional. We also obtain an interior volume upper bound for stable anisotropic minimal hypersurfaces in the unit ball. We can estimate the constants explicitly in all of our results. In particular, this paper gives an alternative proof of our recent stable Bernstein theorem for minimal hypersurfaces in$\mathbf {R}^4$. The new proof is more closely related to techniques from the study of strictly positive scalar curvature.
Planning, discretion and the legacy of onshore wind
Authors: Mackie Colin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the wide discretion afforded to planning decision-makers in England. It does so in respect of a key but often overlooked question in the transition to renewables: whether developers/owners of onshore wind projects should be required to provide a ‘bond’ to ensure decommissioning and site restoration (DSR) occurs. Bonds are financial instruments that evidence ability to fund DSR. They help avoid legacy issues (eg project abandonment) but carry a long-term cost burden for developers/owners. A study of 275 projects elicits three issues. First, a lack of government guidance on bonding, vague ‘threshold’ terms in law and policy and failure of planning decision-makers to consider how others had decided the question result in a lack of markers to inform discretion, with bonds being rare (present in only 15.6% of projects) and their stringency inconsistent. Secondly, this lack of markers legitimises risky, cost-saving practices prohibited in offshore wind, where government guidance informs bonding decisions. Thirdly, reasons for decisions are weak or absent, inhibiting achievement of the justifications for their provision in an administrative context (eg disciplining decision-making). Whilst discretion enhanced capacity to generate electricity from wind through enabling a reduction of market entry costs, assisting movement towards renewable energy targets, it resulted in abandonment risk being ignored. This mirrors strategies adopted elsewhere in England's energy sector, such as coal and oil and gas, where a ‘light touch’ approach to bonding has, traditionally, been deployed to avoid hindering project development.
Bridging the Gap with the ‘New’ Economic History of Africa
Authors: Frankema Ewout , van Waijenburg Marlous 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis review article seeks to build bridges between mainstream African history and the more historically oriented branch of the ‘new’ economic history of Africa. We survey four central topics of the new economic history of Africa — growth, trade, labor, and inequality — and argue that the increased use of quantitative methods and comparative perspectives have sharpened views on long-term trajectories of economic development within Africa and placed the region more firmly into debates of global economic development. The revival of African economic history opens new opportunities for Africanist historians to enrich the interdisciplinary approaches they have taken to study questions of demography, poverty, slavery, labor, inequality, migration, state formation, and colonialism. These fruits, however, can only be reaped if the institutional boundaries between the fields of history and economic history are softened and both sides engage in greater mutual engagement. Our paper aims to move closer to a shared vision on the benefits and limitations of varying quantitative methods, and how these approaches underpin both more and less convincing narratives of long-term African development.
Cheetahs persist in the wild in the remote Awdal region of Somaliland
Authors: Marker Laurie , Connolly Erin , Saed Abdinasir Hussein , Reasoner Emma , Aden Khadar Yasin , Cristescu Bogdan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus were once widespread in the Horn of Africa, their presence in Somaliland has not been confirmed since 2010, and they have been presumed extirpated in recent years. During 2021–2022 the Cheetah Conservation Fund and the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change in Somaliland carried out two rapid surveys in the Awdal region of western Somaliland to investigate the status of the cheetah in this area. The team collected socio-ecological data from 26 villages for a total of 13 days. In both years people from most villages reported sightings of cheetahs, and the team also received multiple reports of predation on small livestock (sheep and goats) by cheetahs. We also investigated two reports of recent cheetah presence. This led to finding a set of confirmed cheetah tracks, which we followed for > 250 m, and two large feline scrapes, both approximately the size expected of a cheetah. In 2020 and 2022 we received direct evidence of cheetah presence in the form of mature cheetah carcasses. In the first instance the cheetah was reported as having been shot in defence of livestock, and in the second instance two cheetahs were apparently poison-baited. Both reports were accompanied by photographic records. This combination of social and ecological data means that we can confirm the recent presence of wild cheetahs in western Somaliland. We will now prioritize work with local communities to understand and mitigate human–cheetah conflict and continue to investigate the distribution of cheetahs throughout Somaliland.
Increased affective reactivity to daily social stressors is associated with more severe psychotic symptoms in youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Ilen Laura , Feller Clémence , Eliez Stephan , Schneider Maude 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreased reactivity to minor stressors is considered a risk factor for psychosis, especially in vulnerable individuals. In the present study, we investigated affective and psychotic stress reactivity as well as its link with psychotic symptoms and psychopathology in youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic condition associated with a high risk for psychosis.MethodsA 6-day ecological momentary assessment protocol was used to assess perceived daily-life stress as well as affective and psychotic reactivity to stress in participants with 22q11DS (n = 38, age = 18.4) and healthy controls (HC; n = 53, age = 19.1). Psychotic symptoms, general psychopathology, and coping strategies were also assessed through clinical interviews and questionnaires.ResultsParticipants with 22q11DS reported higher levels of perceived social stress (b = 0.21, p = 0.036) but lower levels of activity-related stress (b = −0.31, p = 0.003) in their daily lives compared to HC. The groups did not differ in affective or psychotic reactivity to stress, but individuals with 22q11DS who reported increased affective reactivity to social stressors showed more severe positive psychotic symptoms (rs = 0.505, p = 0.008). Finally, avoidance coping strategies moderated the association between stress and negative affects.ConclusionsOur results suggest an increased vulnerability for daily social stress in youths with 22q11DS, and link elevated social stress reactivity to heightened psychotic symptom severity. Given the high risk for psychosis in 22q11DS, interventions should focus on reducing social stress and developing adaptive coping strategies.
Language and pain predict persistent depression among seriously ill home care clients
Authors: Ameen Aaisha , Williams Nicole , Guthrie Dawn M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined potential predictors of persistent depressive symptoms in a cohort of seriously ill older adults (aged 65+ years) receiving home care services.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data collected from the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care for all assessments completed between 2001 and 2020. The cohort included seriously ill individuals with depressive symptoms at baseline and who continued to have depressive symptoms on reassessment within 12 months (n = 8,304). Serious illness was defined as having severe health instability, a prognosis of less than 6 months, or a goal of care related to palliative care (PC) on admission to the home care program.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 80.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 7.7), 61.1% were female, and 82.1% spoke English as their primary language. The average length of time between assessments was 4.9 months (SD = 3.3). During that time, 64% of clients had persistent symptoms of depression. A multivariate logistic regression model found that language, pain, caregiver burden, and cognitive impairment were the most significant predictors of experiencing persistent depressive symptoms.Significance of resultsPersistent depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in this population and, left untreated, could contribute to the person experiencing a “bad death.” Some of the risk factors for this outcome are amenable to change, making it important to continually assess and flag these factors so interventions can be implemented to optimize the person’s quality of life for as long as possible.
Midlatitude Sporadic E‐Layer Horizontal Structuring Modulated by Neutral Instability and Mixing in the Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Bui Michelle X. , Hysell David L. , Larsen Miguel F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObservations of 30‐MHz coherent backscatter from sporadic‐E ionization layers were obtained with a VHF imaging radar located in Ithaca, New York. The volume probed by the radar lies at relatively high magnetic latitudes, on the northern edge of the mid‐latitude region and underneath the ionospheric trough. Banded, quasi‐periodic (QP) echoes observed from Ithaca are similar to those found in lower midlatitude regions. The Doppler shifts observed are smaller and, so far, do not appear to reach the threshold for Farley‐Buneman instability. However, many of the echoes exhibit fine‐scale structure, with secondary bands or braids oriented obliquely to the primary bands. Secondary bands have been seen only rarely at lower middle latitudes. In previous observations, the QP scattering has been linked to unstable neutral wind shears. Neutral wind shear commonly found in the lower thermosphere could play a key role in the formation of these irregularities and explain some morphological features of the resulting plasma density irregularities and the radar echoes. We consider whether neutral instability and turbulence in the lower thermosphere is the likely cause for some of the structuring in the sporadic‐ E layers. Results of 3D numerical simulations of atmospheric dynamics in the mesosphere to lower thermosphere support the proposition. In particular, we focus on Ekman‐type instabilities that, like the more common Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities, are inflection point instabilities, although specifically associated with turning shears, and result in convective rolls aligned close to the mean wind direction, with smaller‐scale secondary waves aligned normal to the primary structures.
Mineral Texture Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: An Application to Zircons From Porphyry Copper Deposits
Authors: Nathwani Chetan L. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Brownscombe William , John Cédric M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe texture and morphology of igneous zircon indicates magmatic conditions during zircon crystallization and can be used to constrain provenance. Zircons from porphyry copper deposits are typically prismatic, euhedral, and strongly oscillatory zoned which may differentiate them from zircons associated with unmineralized igneous systems. Here, cathodoluminescence images of zircons from the Quellaveco porphyry copper district, Southern Peru, were collected to compare zircon textures between the premineralization Yarabamba Batholith and the Quellaveco porphyry copper deposit. Quellaveco porphyry zircons are prismatic, euhedral, and strongly oscillatory zoned, whereas the batholith zircons are subhedral‐anhedral with weaker zoning. We adopt a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to demonstrate that a CNN can classify Quellaveco porphyry zircons with high success. We trial several CNN architectures to classify zircon images: LeNet‐5, AlexNet and VGG, including a transfer learning approach where we used the weights of a VGG model pretrained on the ImageNet data set. The VGG model with transfer learning is the most effective approach, with accuracy and receiver operating characteristic‐area under curve (ROC‐AUC) scores of 0.86 and 0.93, indicating that a Quellaveco porphyry zircon CL image can be ranked higher than a batholith zircon with 93% probability. Visualizing model layer outputs demonstrates that the CNN models can recognize crystal edges, zoning, and mineral inclusions. We trial implementing trained CNN models as unsupervised feature extractors, which can empirically quantify crystal textures and morphology. Therefore, deep learning provides a tool for the extraction of information from large, imaged‐based petrographic data sets which can facilitate petrologic and provenance studies.
Sea Ice Production in the 2016 and 2017 Maud Rise Polynyas
Authors: Zhou Lu , Heuzé Céline , Mohrmann Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSea ice production within polynyas, an outcome of the atmosphere‐ice‐ocean interaction, is a major source of dense water and hence key to the global overturning circulation, but is poorly quantified over open‐ocean polynyas. Using the two recent extensive open‐ocean polynyas within the wider Maud Rise region of the Weddell Sea in 2016 and 2017, we here explore the sea ice energy budget and estimate their sea ice production based on satellite retrievals, in‐situ hydrographic observations and the Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis. We find that the oceanic heat flux amounts to 36.1 and 30.7 W m−2 within the 2016 and 2017 polynyas, respectively. Especially the 2017 open‐ocean polynya produced nearly 200 km3 of new sea ice, which is comparable to the production in the largest Antarctic coastal polynyas. Finally, we determine that ice production is highly correlated with and sensitive to skin temperature and wind speed, which affect the turbulent fluxes. It is also strongly sensitive to uncertainties in the sea ice concentration and 1,000 hPa temperature, which all urgently need to be better monitored at high latitudes. Lastly, more process‐oriented campaigns are required to further elucidate the role of open‐ocean polynya on the local and global ocean circulations.
Downstream Controls on Coastal Plain River Avulsions: A Global Study
Authors: Colombera Luca , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe avulsion frequency of coastal‐plain rivers is primarily governed by the rate at which channels become superelevated over neighboring plains, which is itself controlled by multiple factors. Notably, the importance of wave and tidal processes, the rates of relative sea‐level (RSL) change, and the bathymetry of the receiving basin are thought to affect channel morphodynamics and channel‐mouth progradation, thereby controlling streambed aggradation and influencing the avulsion frequency and drainage density of coastal plains and deltas. This work tests the significance of these downstream factors on the avulsion histories of 57 Holocene lowland river systems. A quantitative analysis is performed of relationships between variables that quantify downstream controls and estimations of avulsion frequency, based on the number of avulsion events, active or abandoned channel paths, and delta lobes; measures of spatiotemporal avulsion “density” are also derived by normalizing these metrics by the size of study areas and the number of distinct drainage systems. Relationships between avulsion‐frequency metrics and descriptors of process regime indicate that wave and tidal processes may stabilize coastal channel systems, but also that their influence may be modest. No consistent relationship is seen between avulsion‐frequency proxies and the offshore bathymetric gradient, which in the studied examples does not scale with the rate of shoreline progradation. No evident trend exists between measures of avulsion frequency and estimated rates of either eustatic or RSL fluctuations. Overall, the considered variables do not leave a clear statistical signature in Holocene avulsion histories, suggesting that upstream or intrabasinal factors may represent more important controls.