bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evasive (knowledge) hiding and task performance: the moderating role of accumulative job resources
Authors: Hernaus Tomislav , Dragičević Nikolina , Sitar Aleša Saša 
Published: March 2023

PurposeBuilding on the premise of conservation of resources theory (COR) that people protect their knowledge as a resource, the authors questioned whether the contextual nature of job resources buffers the counterintuitive positive relationship between evasive knowledge hiding (KH) and task performance.Design/methodology/approachTwo multisource field survey studies were conducted to examine the moderating influence of task-job resources on the knowledge hiders' task performance. Hierarchical regression analyses tested the main effect of evasive KH on task performance. In addition, conditional process analyses were applied to examine two-way and three-way interactions of evasive KH, job autonomy and task variety.FindingsThe data analysis showed a positive relationship between evasive KH and task performance. Moreover, the authors found that employees receiving accumulative task-job resources continued to hide knowledge and used abundant resources to increase their task performance further. However, contrary to expectations, for employees—who received partial task-job resources—their task performance deteriorated when evasively hiding knowledge.Practical implicationsManagers and human resource practitioners should acknowledge that employees' evasive KH to co-workers is not always wrong and should not be treated like it is. Moreover, they are endorsed to pay attention and invest in job resources since job autonomy and task variety create a beneficial context for knowledge holders' task performance.Originality/valueThe authors provided novel theoretical (the gain-loss perspective of COR theory) and consistent empirical (confirmed by two field-study evidence) arguments for an important contextual role of an HRM practice of job design in shaping the underrepresented knowledge behavior–task performance relationship.
Voltammetric analysis of luminescent markers in gunshot residues
Authors: Chedid Alex Almeida , Azevedo Larissa Silva , da Silva Galaço Ayla Roberta Borges , Casagrande Thiago Rui , Serra Osvaldo Antonio , de Oliveira Marcelo Firmino 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrently, SEM‐EDS is used to detect gunshot residue (GSR) from the presence of Ba, Pb, and Sb in the sample. However, the development of new nontoxic ammunition (NTA) has prevented conventional metals from being found. In this work, we aim to determine the presence of an inorganic luminescent chemical marker based on rare earth in gunshot residues using the technique of squarewave voltammetry (SWV). After firing, the luminescent complex [(Eu2Zr)(btc)3(Hbtc)0.5.6H2O], which is used as a chemical marker, can be detected under a UV lamp. An aqueous solution with 0.1 mol L−1 KCl as supporting electrolyte can be easily collected on carbon paste electrode surfaces for SWV analysis A = 100 mV, f = 10 Hz, and step potential of 5 mV are required. The luminescent marker incorporated into the carbon paste electrode showed two anodic peak currents in the region of 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and at 0.75 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and also a cathodic one in 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl). SEM‐EDS was able to analyze the same voltammetric results for conventional and nontoxic ammunition containing the luminescent marker. Therefore, voltammetry and SEM‐EDS are valid for detecting the new residue marker in GSR. Despite this, the electrochemical method is still more advantageous because of its low cost and lack of expensive equipment and supplies in forensic laboratories.
Age estimation based on blood DNA methylation levels in brown bears
Authors: Nakamura Shiori , Yamazaki Jumpei , Matsumoto Naoya , Inoue‐Murayama Miho , Qi Huiyuan , Yamanaka Masami , Nakanishi Masanao , Yanagawa Yojiro , Sashika Mariko , Tsubota Toshio , Ito Hideyuki , Shimozuru Michito 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAge is an essential trait for understanding the ecology and management of wildlife. A conventional method of estimating age in wild animals is counting annuli formed in the cementum of teeth. This method has been used in bears despite some disadvantages, such as high invasiveness and the requirement for experienced observers. In this study, we established a novel age estimation method based on DNA methylation levels using blood collected from 49 brown bears of known ages living in both captivity and the wild. We performed bisulfite pyrosequencing and obtained methylation levels at 39 cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) sites adjacent to 12 genes. The methylation levels of CpGs adjacent to four genes showed a significant correlation with age. The best model was based on DNA methylation levels at just four CpG sites adjacent to a single gene, SLC12A5, and it had high accuracy with a mean absolute error of 1.3 years and median absolute error of 1.0 year after leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. This model represents the first epigenetic method of age estimation in brown bears, which provides benefits over tooth‐based methods, including high accuracy, less invasiveness, and a simple procedure. Our model has the potential for application to other bear species, which will greatly improve ecological research, conservation, and management.
Anti‐CD3 inhibits circulatory and tissue‐resident memory CD4 T cells that drive asthma exacerbations in mice
Authors: Sethi Gurupreet S. , Gracias Donald T. , Gupta Rinkesh K. , Carr Daniel , Miki Haruka , Da Silva Antunes Ricardo , Croft Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundExacerbations of asthma are thought to be strongly dependent on reactivation of allergen‐induced lung tissue‐resident and circulatory memory CD4 T cells. Strategies that broadly inhibit multiple T cell populations might then be useful to limit asthma. Accordingly, we tested whether targeting CD3 during exposure to inhaled allergen could prevent the accumulation of lung‐localized effector memory CD4 T cells and block exacerbations of asthmatic inflammation.MethodsHouse dust mite‐sensitized and repetitively challenged BL/6 mice were transiently treated therapeutically with F(ab′)2 anti‐CD3ε and memory T cell responses and lung inflammation were assessed. PBMCs from HDM‐allergic donors were examined for the effect of anti‐CD3 on expansion of allergen‐reactive T cells.ResultsAllergen‐sensitized mice undergoing exacerbations of asthma were protected from lung inflammation by transient therapeutic treatment with F(ab′)2 anti‐CD3. Regardless of whether sensitized mice underwent a secondary or tertiary recall response to inhaled allergen, anti‐CD3 inhibited all phenotypes of effector memory CD4 T cells in the lung tissue and lung vasculature by 80%–90%, including those derived from tissue‐resident and circulatory memory T cells. This did not depend on Treg cells suggesting it was primarily a blocking effect on memory T cell signaling. Correspondingly, anti‐CD3 also strongly inhibited proliferation of human allergen‐reactive memory CD4 T cells from allergic individuals. In contrast, the number of surviving tissue‐resident memory CD4 T cells that were maintained in the lungs at later times was not robustly reduced by anti‐CD3.ConclusionAnti‐CD3 F(ab′)2 administration at the time of allergen exposure represents a viable strategy for limiting the immediate activity of allergen‐responding memory T cells and asthma exacerbations.
Postoperative mortality and complications in patients with and without pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a service evaluation of 24 million linked records using OpenSAFELY
Authors: McInerney C. D. , Kotzé A. , Bacon S. , Cutting J. E. , Fisher L. , Goldacre B. , Johnson O. A. , Kua J. , McGuckin D. , Mehrkar A. ,   the OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Moonesinghe S. R. 
Published: March 2023

SummarySurgical decision‐making after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is influenced by the presence of comorbidity, infection severity and whether the surgical problem is time‐sensitive. Contemporary surgical policy to delay surgery is informed by highly heterogeneous country‐specific guidance. We evaluated surgical provision in England during the COVID‐19 pandemic to assess real‐world practice and whether deferral remains necessary. Using the OpenSAFELY platform, we adapted the COVIDSurg protocol for a service evaluation of surgical procedures that took place within the English NHS from 17 March 2018 to 17 March 2022. We assessed whether hospitals adhered to guidance not to operate on patients within 7 weeks of an indication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Additional outcomes were postoperative all‐cause mortality (30 days, 6 months) and complications (pulmonary, cardiac, cerebrovascular). The exposure was the interval between the most recent indication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and subsequent surgery. In any 6‐month window, < 3% of surgical procedures were conducted within 7 weeks of an indication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Mortality for surgery conducted within 2 weeks of a positive test in the era since widespread SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine availability was 1.1%, declining to 0.3% by 4 weeks. Compared with the COVIDSurg study cohort, outcomes for patients in the English NHS cohort were better during the COVIDSurg data collection period and the pandemic era before vaccines became available. Clinicians within the English NHS followed national guidance by operating on very few patients within 7 weeks of a positive indication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In England, surgical patients' overall risk following an indication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is lower than previously thought.
The changing pattern of COVID‐19 infection in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Goodlad Cate , Davenport Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionFollowing the first wave of COVID‐19 there have been several variants. We wished to review the number and severity of infections with the different variants in a population of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsWe reviewed the outcomes and results in HD and PD patients testing positive for COVID‐19 between March 2020 and August 2022.ResultsSeven hundred and ninety‐five cases of COVID‐19 were recorded in 710 dialysis patients. More HD patients than PD contracted wild type (21.4% vs. 6.8%), delta (23.3% vs 6.3%), and omicron (27.7% vs. 14.7%), all p < 0.01, but no difference with alpha (4.6% vs. 6.3%) or beta variants (5.7% vs. 6.85%). Hospitalization and death were greatest for alpha followed by wild type, beta, delta, and omicron (60.6% vs. 57% vs. 47.5% vs. 21.2% vs. 19.3%), respectively, p < 0.001. C reactive protein progressively increased from outpatient management to hospitalization to hospitalization with critical care or death (14 (4–30) vs. 41 (18–101) vs. 94 (47–168) mg/L, p < 0.001. Despite previous infection and vaccination 85 (12%) patients had two or more infections with COVID‐19.ConclusionDisease severity declined and survival improved as the virus mutated from wild‐type and alpha to beta, delta, and omicron variants. Whether this related to reduction in viral virulence, vaccination, natural acquired immunity, or introduction of pharmacological treatments remains to be determined. Government lockdowns and enhanced infection control measures reduced the percentage of HD patients contracting alpha and beta variants to that of PD. Vaccination and prior infection did not prevent reinfection.
Editorial: risankizumab – ready to break ceilings? author's reply
Authors: Fumery Mathurin , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: March 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Fumery et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17358 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17401
Effect of Korean trade union on wage discrimination between regular and irregular workers
Authors: Kim Myounghwan , Kim Giseung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhether the dual labor market structure implied by employment type and unionization causes wage discrimination is an intriguing and relevant policy question in the context of South Korea. This study examines the effect of trade unions on wage discrimination against irregular workers by extracting and comparing the ratios of the discriminatory wage gap by employment type between unionized and non‐unionized workplaces. As per the analysis, all generalized decomposition frameworks show that the presence of trade unions expands discrimination regardless of the employment type. In addition, the effects of unionization on the degree of discrimination differ by factors characterized by the dual labor market. The effects are statistically significantly greater for women, youth, service industries, and white‐collar jobs.
Child and adolescent anxiety as a risk factor for bipolar disorder: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Buckley Vanessa , Young Allan H. , Smith Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesSeveral studies have suggested that anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence often precede the onset of bipolar disorder. We therefore systematically reviewed the relationship between child and adolescent anxiety and later bipolar disorder.MethodsOnline databases (Medline [for Ovid], EMBASE and PsychINFO) were searched for original, peer‐reviewed studies examining the relationship between child and adolescent anxiety and later bipolar disorder. Studies in both community samples and bipolar offspring samples were included.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included in the review. The results were broadly consistent and revealed that child and adolescent anxiety disorders are associated with later bipolar disorder in community samples. In bipolar offspring, child and adolescent anxiety disorders are a marker of increased risk and predict the onset of bipolar disorder and other major mood disorders.ConclusionsThere is evidence that anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence increase the risk of later bipolar disorder. Anxiety disorders may be a useful target for early intervention in those at high‐risk of bipolar disorder.
Visual attention to own‐ versus other‐race faces: Perspectives from learning mechanisms and task demands
Authors: Hsiao Janet H. , Chan Antoni B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiple factors have been proposed to contribute to the other‐race effect in face recognition, including perceptual expertise and social‐cognitive accounts. Here, we propose to understand the effect and its contributing factors from the perspectives of learning mechanisms that involve joint learning of visual attention strategies and internal representations for faces, which can be modulated by quality of contact with other‐race individuals including emotional and motivational factors. Computational simulations of this process will enhance our understanding of interactions among factors and help resolve inconsistent results in the literature. In particular, since learning is driven by task demands, visual attention effects observed in different face‐processing tasks, such as passive viewing or recognition, are likely to be task specific (although may be associated) and should be examined and compared separately. When examining visual attention strategies, the use of more data‐driven and comprehensive eye movement measures, taking both spatial–temporal pattern and consistency of eye movements into account, can lead to novel discoveries in other‐race face processing. The proposed framework and analysis methods may be applied to other tasks of real‐life significance such as face emotion recognition, further enhancing our understanding of the relationship between learning and visual cognition.
Body satisfaction and self‐perception profile: Reliability and validity analyses of the Children's body image scale for Turkish children
Authors: Akliman Çiğdem Keven , Avcı Mehmet , Avcı İlknur Kiraz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, appearance, and body image in particular, has become a very important concern not only for adults but also for children. Children's self‐evaluation of their bodies is critical in the occurrence of eating disorders. This study aims to conduct (1) a validity and reliability analysis of the Children's Body Image Scale (CBIS) adapted to the Turkish culture and (2) the relationship between body satisfaction, self‐worth and physical appearance. The psychometric properties of the CBIS were examined on a sample of 473 (211 girls and 262 boys) children aged 8–11 (mean 9.38). The data obtained from boys and girls were divided into two groups according to grade and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The reliability level of the scale was at an acceptable level, and a statistically significant relationship was found between the scale's Body Mass Index and the dimensions of Self‐Perception Profile. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between body satisfaction and general self‐worth and physical appearance. In addition, the scores obtained on the CBIS after a 3‐week period showed significant internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The analyses revealed that the CBIS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish children. The results of the study can be a useful tool for education and health professionals that they need screening tools to help them detect body dissatisfaction. The study also showed some correlates of high body dissatisfaction in children that can be used before the rise in eating disorders in adolescence.
Bornean orangutanPongo pygmaeus pygmaeuspopulation estimate within and around Danau Sentarum National Park, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan
Authors: Yuliani Elizabeth Linda , Bakara Denny O. , Ilyas Mohammad , Russon Anne E. , Salim Agus , Sammy Jim , Sunderland‐Groves J. L. , Sunderland T. C. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOf the three subspecies of Critically Endangered Bornean orangutans,Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeushas the smallest population size. One of its most important habitats is the tropical forest within and around Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP). Research in the late 1990s estimated that ca. 1025 orangutans inhabited DSNP, while ca. 1717 orangutans inhabited the forest beyond DSNP's boundaries. However, concerns were later raised that incorrectly estimated nest decay rates (tvalues) may have led to the overestimation of the population size. Furthermore, the area experienced forest degradation and land use change between 2000 and 2013. Given these changing landscapes, updated population estimates were needed to inform policy makers and land‐use planners on the implications of habitat loss for resident orangutans. We conducted this study to recalculate nest decay rates based on current recommended methods, and to update our knowledge on the orangutan population in the region. Our average nest decay rate was 288.3 days; applying this to the study in the late 1990s generated estimates of 807 individuals within DSNP and 1578 beyond DNSP's boundaries. New surveys of the transects undertaken between 2010 and 2014 revealed that the population size had declined substantially in these two areas, to 202 and 71 individuals respectively. Both declines are considerable, but larger losses occurred in logged‐over and cleared forests outside the park. We discuss factors potentially driving these declines, emphasizing the need to improve habitat protection both inside and outside of DSNP, and make recommendations for improving the prospects for future orangutan conservation.
Preliminary evidence for selective cortical responses to music in one‐month‐old infants
Authors: Kosakowski Heather L. , Norman‐Haignere Samuel , Mynick Anna , Takahashi Atsushi , Saxe Rebecca , Kanwisher Nancy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrior studies have observed selective neural responses in the adult human auditory cortex to music and speech that cannot be explained by the differing lower‐level acoustic properties of these stimuli. Does infant cortex exhibit similarly selective responses to music and speech shortly after birth? To answer this question, we attempted to collect functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 45 sleeping infants (2.0‐ to 11.9‐weeks‐old) while they listened to monophonic instrumental lullabies and infant‐directed speech produced by a mother. To match acoustic variation between music and speech sounds we (1) recorded music from instruments that had a similar spectral range as female infant‐directed speech, (2) used a novel excitation‐matching algorithm to match the cochleagrams of music and speech stimuli, and (3) synthesized “model‐matched” stimuli that were matched in spectrotemporal modulation statistics to (yet perceptually distinct from) music or speech. Of the 36 infants we collected usable data from, 19 had significant activations to sounds overall compared to scanner noise. From these infants, we observed a set of voxels in non‐primary auditory cortex (NPAC) but not in Heschl's Gyrus that responded significantly more to music than to each of the other three stimulus types (but not significantly more strongly than to the background scanner noise). In contrast, our planned analyses did not reveal voxels in NPAC that responded more to speech than to model‐matched speech, although other unplanned analyses did. These preliminary findings suggest that music selectivity arises within the first month of life. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/c8IGFvzxudk.Research Highlights
Responses to music, speech, and control sounds matched for the spectrotemporal modulation‐statistics of each sound were measured from 2‐ to 11‐week‐old sleeping infants using fMRI.
Auditory cortex was significantly activated by these stimuli in 19 out of 36 sleeping infants.
Selective responses to music compared to the three other stimulus classes were found in non‐primary auditory cortex but not in nearby Heschl's Gyrus.
Selective responses to speech were not observed in planned analyses but were observed in unplanned, exploratory analyses.
G6 continuous glucose monitoring system feature use and its associations with glycaemia in Europe
Authors: Acciaroli Giada , Parkin Christopher G. , Thomas Roy , Layne Jennifer , Norman Gregory J. , Leone Keri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsCurrent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices provide features that alert individuals with diabetes about their current and impending adverse glycaemic events. The use of these features has been associated with glycaemic improvements. However, how these features are utilised under real‐world conditions has not been well studied. We queried a large database to quantify utilisation of the Dexcom G6 system features and how utilisation impacted glycaemic outcomes within a cohort of European users.MethodsThis 6‐month retrospective, observational, large database analysis utilised anonymised data from a sample of 47,784 Europe‐based G6 users. Primary outcome measures were associations between utilisation and customisation of High/Low threshold alerts, ‘urgent low soon’ (ULS) alert, and established CGM metrics.ResultsUsers in the Germany, Austria, Switzerland region (n = 20,257), the Nordic countries (n = 10,314), United Kingdom (n = 9006), Italy (n = 4747), France (n = 2130) and Spain (1330) were included. All alert features were utilised by >75% of the cohort across all regions/countries and age groups. Enabling the Low alert and ULS alert was associated with lower percentage of time below range compared to disabling the Low alert (p < 0.001). Enabling the High alert was associated with higher percentage of time in range (%TIR) and lower percentage of time above range (%TAR) %TAR compared to disabling the High alert (p < 0.001). Paediatric patients and older adults tended to set a higher threshold for High/Low alerts, while younger adults tended to use lower threshold values for High/Low alerts.ConclusionsIndividuals who utilised the Dexcom G6 features showed better glycaemic control, particularly among those who utilised more sensitive High alert and Low alert settings, than users who did not utilise the system features.