bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐Membered Bimetallic Carbon Complex [(M(η5‐C5(CH3)5))2(μ‐NPh)(μ‐C)] (M=Fe, Ru, Os) – An Ambiphilic Carbene with Lone Pair and σ‐Hole Reactivity
Authors: Parvathy Parameswaran , Parameswaran Pattiyil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSinglet carbenes are extensively studied compounds capable of electrophilic, nucleophilic or ambiphilic behaviour. The ambiphilic reactivity of singlet carbenes has been conventionally observed in orthogonal planes. Here, we report a detailed bonding and reactivity study of a homobimetallic carbon complex [(MCp*)2(μ‐NPh)(μ‐C)] (1M, M=Fe, Ru, Os) that shows ambiphilicity in the same direction. The structure of this complex can be considered as two fused three‐membered M−C−M and M−N−M rings. The bonding analysis suggests that these 17 valence electron homobimetallic complexes have one formal M−M bond with a bridging carbene centre featuring a high‐lying spn‐hybridised lone pair. Accordingly, the carbene centre shows high proton affinity and act as a good 2e− donor to Lewis acids and transition metal fragment. Apart from the transition metal non‐bonding electrons, the π‐framework of M−C−M and M−N−M arms can be best described as 3c–2e− bonds. The two transition metals in the four‐membered skeleton generate many low‐lying, virtual orbitals. These low‐lying virtual orbitals induce electron excitation from the spn‐hybrid orbital in presence of H− and other 2e− donor ligands such as PMe3, NHC and CO. Hence, the spn‐hybrid lone pair orbital shows σ‐hole reactivity in presence of Lewis bases.
Small Molecular Fluorescent Probes for Alzheimer's Disease Associated Active Species
Authors: Tang Fuyan , Wang Kai , Liu Xueli , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhou Wanting , Mu Zonggao , Zhang Tian , Shu Wei , Liu Yuying , Xiao Haibin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the main cause of dementia worldwide. As the pathogenesis of AD is quite complicated, there is continuous attention to AD‐associated active species, such as amyloid‐β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, metal ions, reactive oxygen/nitrogen/sulphur species, cholinesterase, viscosity, formaldehyde and so on. To this end, a series of small molecular fluorescent probes for these active species have been explored for early diagnosis and even remedy of AD. Herein, we systematacially summarize the versatile fluorescent probes mainly in recent three years, including the relationship between the structure and properties as well as the targeted diagnosis and imaging application of all these fluorescent probes. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives of the AD‐related fluorescent probes are briefly explicated. We firmly expect this review may provide guidance for constructing new AD‐relevant fluorescent probes and promote the clinical study of AD.
Methods for Imaging Inflammation and Transendothelial Migration in Vivo and ex Vivo
Authors: Fang Vivienne , Haynes Maureen E. , Hayashi Vanessa , Arias Erika , Lavine Jeremy A. , Sullivan David P. , Muller William A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInflammation is the body's response to injury and harmful stimuli and contributes to a range of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Inflammation occurs through a series of well‐defined leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions, including rolling, activation, adhesion, transmigration, and subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix. Being able to visualize the stages of inflammation is important for a better understanding of its role in diseases processes. Detailed in this article are protocols for imaging immune cell infiltration and transendothelial migration in vascular tissue beds, including those in the mouse ear, cremaster muscle, brain, lung, and retina. Also described are protocols for inducing inflammation and quantifying leukocytes with FIJI imaging software. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Induction of croton oil dermatitisAlternate Protocol 1: Induction of croton oil dermatitis using genetically fluorescent miceBasic Protocol 2: Intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster muscleSupport Protocol: Making a silicone stageBasic Protocol 3: Wide‐field microscopy of the mouse brainBasic Protocol 4: Imaging the lungs (ex vivo)Alternate Protocol 2: Inflating the lungs without tracheostomyBasic Protocol 5: Inducing, imaging, and quantifying infiltration of leukocytes in mouse retina
Mapping the quantitative field resistance to stripe rust in a hard winter wheat population “Overley” × “Overland”
Authors: Mustahsan Wardah , Guttieri Mary J. , Bowden Robert L. , Garland‐Campbell Kimberley , Jordan Katherine , Bai Guihua , Zhang Guorong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. In commercial production, stripe rust reduces grain quality, grain yield, and forage yield. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with field resistance to stripe rust in hard winter wheat. Stripe rust infection type and severity were rated in recombinant inbred lines (RILs, n = 204) derived from a cross between hard red winter wheat cultivars “Overley” and “Overland” in replicated field trials in the Great Plains and Pacific Northwest. RILs (n = 184) were genotyped with reduced representation sequencing to produce single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from alignment to the “Chinese Spring” reference sequence, IWGSC v2.1, and from alignment to the reference sequence for “Jagger,” which is a parent of Overley. Genetic linkage maps were developed independently from each set of SNP markers. QTL analysis identified genomic regions on chromosome arms 2AS, 2BS, 2BL, and 2DL that were associated with stripe rust resistance using multi‐environment best linear unbiased predictors for stripe rust infection type and severity. Results for the two linkage maps were very similar. PCR‐based SNP marker assays associated with the QTL regions were developed to efficiently identify these genomic regions in breeding populations.
Can green credit policy reduce corporate carbon emission intensity: Evidence from China's listed firms
Authors: Xu Pei , Ye Penghao , Jahanger Atif , Huang Siwei , Zhao Fan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGreen credit policy is designed to address the global climate risk. However, few studies have investigated empirically whether green credit policy indeed reduces corporate carbon emission intensity. Based on firm‐level data in China and a difference‐in‐differences model, this study explores how corporate carbon emission intensity evolves following the green credit policy. We find that, on the whole, the green credit can effectively reduce corporate carbon emission intensity, while the dynamic negative effect tends to alleviate after 2017. Specifically, green credit reduces corporate carbon emission intensity mainly through lowering investment carbon intensity and enhancing environmental supervision. However, the signaling mechanism of green credit does not significantly alleviate corporate carbon emission intensity. The green credit has a stronger reduction effect on corporate carbon emission intensity with third‐party certification, non‐state‐owned ownership, and high financing constraint. We thereby suggest that innovations should be made to the standards and processes of green credit to ensure sustainability and stability. Quantitative and standardized corporate environmental information disclosure is essential for the low‐carbon effect on green finance innovation.
Bringing light onto the Raunkiæran shortfall: A comprehensive review of traits used in functional animal ecology
Authors: Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Chaves Leonardo S. , Boldorini Gabriel X. , Ferreira Natália , Gusmão Reginaldo A. F. , Perônico Phamela Bernardes , Sanders Nathan J. , Teresa Fabrício B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTrait‐based approaches elucidate the mechanisms underlying biodiversity response to, or effects on, the environment. Nevertheless, the Raunkiæran shortfall—the dearth of knowledge on species traits and their functionality—presents a challenge in the application of these approaches. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the trends and gaps in trait‐based animal ecology in terms of taxonomic resolution, trait selection, ecosystem type, and geographical region. In addition, we suggest a set of crucial steps to guide trait selection and aid future research to conduct within and cross‐taxon comparisons. We identified 1655 articles using virtually all animal groups published from 1999 to 2020. Studies were concentrated in vertebrates, terrestrial habitats, the Palearctic realm, and mostly investigated trophic and habitat dimensions. Additionally, they focused on response traits (79.4%) and largely ignored intraspecific variation (94.6%). Almost 36% of the data sets did not provide the rationale behind the selection of morphological traits. The main limitations of trait‐based animal ecology were the use of trait averages and a rare inclusion of intraspecific variability. Nearly one‐fifth of the studies based only on response traits conclude that trait diversity impacts ecosystem processes or services without justifying the connection between them or measuring them. We propose a guide for standardizing trait collection that includes the following: (i) determining the type of trait and the mechanism linking the trait to the environment, ecosystem, or the correlation between the environment, trait, and ecosystem, (ii) using a “periodic table of niches” to select the appropriate niche dimension to support a mechanistic trait selection, and (iii) selecting the relevant traits for each retained niche dimension. By addressing these gaps, trait‐based animal ecology can become more predictive. This implies that future research will likely focus on collaborating to understand how environmental changes impact animals and their capacity to provide ecosystem services and goods.
Machine learning and magnetic resonance imaging: Differentiating benign from malignant osseous tumors
Authors: Emil N. Suzanne , Sibbitt Randy R. , Sibbitt Wilmer L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRadiomics and machine learning applied to the isolated cartilaginous bone lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly useful to distinguish malignant versus benign bone lesions, to determine whether repetitive imaging over time, to determine dynamic expansion, or immediate excisional biopsy are indicated.
Myeloperoxidase‐Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assesses Inflammatory Activation State in Experimental Mouse Acute Gout
Authors: Zhu Chunrong , Li Yunhe , Deng Qiao , Liu Xinxin , Xia Qian , Zhong Lei , Xia Zhiyang , ShanZhou Qiyue , Lei Jun , Zhu Jiang 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundA novel myeloperoxidase‐activatable manganese‐based (MPO‐Mn) MRI probe may enable the activation state of inflammatory foci to be detected and monitored noninvasively.PurposeTo evaluate the inflammatory response in a mouse model of acute gout using MPO as an imaging biomarker and a potential therapeutic target.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelA total of 40 male Swiss mice with monosodium urate crystals induced acute gout.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/T1‐weighted imaging with 2D fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and T2‐weighted imaging with fast recovery fast spin‐echo sequences.AssessmentThe difference in contrast‐to‐noise ratio between left hind limb (lesion) and right hind limb (internal reference) (ΔCNR), and normalized signal‐to‐noise ratio (nSNR) on the right hind limb were calculated and compared. The expression level and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analyzed using western blotting and spectrophotometric quantitation activity assay. MPO‐positive cell infiltration and lesion volume were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining and T2‐weighted images, respectively.Statistical TestsStudent's t test. A P‐value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsMPO‐Mn resulted in a significantly higher ΔCNR than Gd‐DTPA (22.54 ± 1.86 vs. 13.90 ± 2.22) but lower nSNR on the reference right hind limb (1.08 ± 0.07 vs. 1.21 ± 0.08). Compared to the nontreatment group, MPO‐inhibition resulted in a significantly reduced contrast enhancement at the lesion (17.81 ± 1.58 vs. 22.96 ± 3.12), which was consistent with a remission of the inflammatory response, as evidenced by a substantial reduction of lesion volume (0.55 ± 0.16 mm3/g vs. 1.14 ± 0.15 mm3/g), myeloperoxidase expression level (0.98 ± 0.09 vs. 1.48 ± 0.19) and activity (0.75 ± 0.12 vs. 1.12 ± 0.07), and inflammatory cell recruitment.Data ConclusionMPO‐Mn MRI has potential to evaluate the activation state of inflammatory foci in the experimental model of acute gout.Evidence Level1.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
Association of gut microbiota with COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shang Weifeng , Zhang Sheng , Qian Hang , Pan Xiaojun , Huang Sisi , Wen Zhenliang , Liu Jiao , Chen Dechang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEvidence supports the observational associations of gut microbiota with the risk of COVID‐19; however, it is unclear whether these associations reflect a causal relationship. This study investigated the association of gut microbiota with COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity. Data were obtained from a large‐scale gut microbiota data set (n = 18 340) and the COVID‐19 Host Genetics Initiative (n = 2 942 817). Causal effects were estimated with inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, and weighted median, and sensitivity analyses were implemented with Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR‐PRESSO, leave‐one‐out analysis, and funnel plots. For COVID‐19 susceptibility, IVW estimates suggested that Gammaproteobacteria (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.99, p = 0.0295] and Streptococcaceae (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.92–1.00, p = 0.0287) had a reduced risk, while Negativicutes (OR = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.01–1.10, p = 0.0302), Selenomonadales (OR = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.01–1.10, p = 0.0302), Bacteroides (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01–1.12, p = 0.0283), and Bacteroidaceae (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01–1.12, p = 0.0283) were associated with an increased risk (all p < 0.05, nominally significant). For COVID‐19 severity, Subdoligranulum (OR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.69–0.92, p = 0.0018), Cyanobacteria (OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.76–0.96, p = 0.0062), Lactobacillales (OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76–0.98, p = 0.0260), Christensenellaceae (OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.77–0.99, p = 0.0384), Tyzzerella3 (OR = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.81–0.97, p = 0.0070), and RuminococcaceaeUCG011 (OR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.83–0.99, p = 0.0247) exhibited negative correlations, while RikenellaceaeRC9 (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.01–1.17, p = 0.0277), LachnospiraceaeUCG008 (OR = 1.12, 95% CI, 1.00–1.26, p = 0.0432), and MollicutesRF9 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.01–1.29, p = 0.0354) exhibited positive correlations (all p < 0.05, nominally significant). Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the above associations. These findings suggest that gut microbiota might influence the susceptibility and severity of COVID‐19 in a causal way, thus providing novel insights into the gut microbiota‐mediated development mechanism of COVID‐19.
Emotional Expression, Perception, and Induction in Music and Dance: Considering Ecologically Valid Intentions
Authors: Susino Marco 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTCognitive and behavioral studies ranging from biomechanics to motor functions and neural mirroring explorations have extensively investigated the communication of emotions in music and dance. Recognized for their ability to convey and elicit emotions, various studies aim to validate the extent to which auditory expressive cues and embodied expressive movements are able to convey emotions. However, is expressing and evoking emotions a generalized intention of music and dance? Although much data exists based on audience responses (decoders), composers' and choreographers' (encoders) intentions beyond experimental instructions are still being determined. This paper reports two studies investigating the intention of composers and choreographers when creating new works. Results revealed that expressing emotions is not a primary goal yet a significant underlying intention. Furthermore, composers and choreographers aimed for their expressed emotions to be perceived rather than felt. Moreover, the genre conventions determined by stylistic and cultural factors influenced emotion expression, with some genres allowing more expressive cues than others, likely affecting the extent to which emotions are meaningfully conveyed. These findings point to potential cue variance between actual intentions and experiment‐intended stimuli to express and thus communicate emotions. An argument for the importance of ecological validity in laboratory‐based experiments is presented.
Improving grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of direct‐seeded rice with simplified and nitrogen‐reduced practices under a double‐cropping system in South China
Authors: Fu Youqiang , Huang Nongrong , Zhong Xuhua , Mai Guoxun , Pan Huarong , Xu Haoqi , Liu Yanzhuo , Liang Kaiming , Pan Junfeng , Xiao Jie , Hu Xiangyu , Hu Rui , Li Meijuan , Ye Qunhuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnhancing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice is of great importance for sustainable agricultural development. Little effort has been made to increase grain yield and NUE of direct‐seeded rice under the double‐cropping system in South China. Field trials were conducted during 2018–2020 with four treatments, including nitrogen‐free, farmers' fertilization practice (FP), ‘three controls’ nutrient management (TC), and simplified and nitrogen‐reduced practice (SNRP).ResultsGrain yield under SNRP averaged 6.46 t ha−1 during the three years and was 23.0% higher than that of FP but comparable to that of TC. Recovery efficiency (REN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), and partial factor productivity (PFPN) of nitrogen under SNRP increased by 12.0–22.7%, 159.3–295.0% and 94.6–112.5% respectively compared with FP. Harvest index and sink capacity increased by 7.3–10.8% and 14.9–21.3% respectively. Percentage of productive tillers (PPT) and biomass after heading increased by 24.0% and 104.5% respectively. Leaf nitrogen concentration at heading and nitrogen accumulation after heading increased by 16.3% and 842.0% respectively. Grain yield was positively correlated with PPT, sink capacity, harvest index, biomass and nitrogen accumulation after heading, REN, AEN, and PFPN.ConclusionGrain yield and NUE under SNRP were superior to those under FP and comparable to those under TC. Increase in sink capacity, higher PPT, more biomass and nitrogen accumulation after heading, and greater harvest index were responsible for high grain yield and NUE in SNRP with reduced nitrogen fertilizer and labor input. SNRP is a feasible approach for direct‐seeded rice under a double‐cropping system in South China. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Linkages between bacteria and nutrient availabilities in slash‐and‐burn tropical soils vary with feeding‐habit ants
Authors: Wang Shaojun , Zhang Kunfeng , Fan Yuxiang , Zhang Lulu , Guo Xiaofei , Xie Lingling , Xiao Bo , Wang Zhengjun , Guo Zhipeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs important structuring forces in forest ecosystems, ants can drive above‐ and belowground food‐webs and ecosystem functionality. It remains uncertain, however, about how different foraging‐habit ants shape symbiotic bacterial assemblies and nutrient cycling in nest soils. This study quantified the impacts of predatory and honeydew‐feeding ants on soil bacterial communities and nutrient pools in Xishuangbanna tropical forests restored from slash‐and‐burn agriculture. In contrast to reference soils, all ant nests increased the relative abundances of dominant copiotrophs and decreased those of preponderant oligotrophs in the bacterial communities, which was closely associated with the high levels of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the nests. Honeydew‐feeding ants harbored a high abundance of bacterial trophic groups (i.e., γ‐Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes) preferring low‐quality resource, owing to high increment (103%) in C concentration and low increase (69%) in N level compared to reference soils. In contrast, predatory ants sheltered a high assemblage of bacterial taxa (i.e., β‐Proteobacteria and δ‐Proteobacteria) favoring high‐quality resource, due to increased N level (135%) and decreased C:N ratio (35%) compared to reference soils. We concluded that the foraging‐habit ants shaped symbiotic bacterial assemblages primarily through differential modifications on level and allocation of soil C and N pools. Our results would further the understanding of the fauna roles in driving soil food‐webs as well as nutrient cycling.
A method for successful collection of multicores and gravity cores from Antarctic subglacial lakes
Authors: Rosenheim Brad E. , Michaud Alexander B. , Broda James , Gagnon Alan , Venturelli Ryan A. , Campbell Timothy D. , Leventer Amy , Patterson Molly , Siegfried Matthew R. , Christner Brent C. , Duling Dennis , Harwood David , Dore John E. , Tranter Martyn , Skidmore Mark L. , Priscu John C. ,   SALSA Science Team
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the 2018–2019 Antarctic field season, the Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access project team cleanly accessed Mercer Subglacial Lake, West Antarctica, to sample water and sediments beneath 1087 m of overlying ice. A multicorer was successful in sampling the sediment–water interface, with 4 deployments retrieving 10 cores between 0.3 and 0.4 m in length. Gravity coring was also successful, retrieving cores of 0.97 and 1.78 m in glacial diamict. However, sediment cores retrieved by the gravity cores were shorter than the core barrel penetration (as measured by mud streaks on the outside of the coring system), indicating that the system can likely be improved. This manuscript describes the design, implementation, successes, and lessons learned while coring sediments in a subglacial lake.
Monitoring the galvanic corrosion of copper–steel coupling in bentonite slurry during the early oxic phase using coupled multielectrode arrays
Authors: Kosec Tadeja , Hren Miha , Prijatelj Klara , Zajec Bojan , Gartner Nina , Legat Andraž 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the case of a two‐part container for spent nuclear fuel, consisting of an iron‐based inner structure with a copper coating, the potential perforation of copper through minor damage may result in intensive galvanic corrosion between copper and steel. The present work focuses on the corrosion of steel galvanically coupled to copper and exposed to a slightly saline environment under oxic conditions. The electrochemical processes on individual electrodes were monitored by coupled multielectrode arrays (CMEAs). The CMEAs were either in contact with groundwater saturated with bentonite or immersed in groundwater only. Very high galvanic corrosion currents were detected between carbon steel and pure copper in the early oxic phase. Additionally, the use of CMEAs further made it possible to monitor the distribution of cathodic currents around the steel electrode, which behaved anodically. Various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques were applied to identify the modes of corrosion and the type of corrosion products present at the end of the period of exposure.