bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which is more accurate measuring pulmonary artery resistance index or 4D lung volume for prediction of neonatal respiratory distress in preterm pregnancies?
Authors: Eldeeb Basma Samir , El-Shourbagy Kholoud H. , El-Shorbagy Shahinaz H. , Ghith Lamees M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a leading cause of neonatal respiratory failure and neonatal mortality. It is frequent in preterm infants, because deficient surfactant needed to keep the airways (alveoli) open to assist infants breathe after birth. Nonetheless, it was also seen in full-term pregnancies. Noninvasive approaches for predicting the development of neonatal respiratory distress (RD) in preterm newborns include comparing the prenatal clinical outcome with the pulmonary artery resistance index (PA-RI) and fetal lung capacity as assessed by the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL). Our study aimed to estimate optimal cutoff values and compare measurements of fetal pulmonary artery resistance index (PA-RI) and fetal lung volume (LV) assessed by VOCAL as noninvasive measures to predict neonatal RD development in preterm pregnancies to show which is more accurate.

Results
Out of the examined 147 women who delivered 147 living newborns, 59 of newborn (40.1%) developed neonatal RD. PA-RI has a higher value in 45 (76.27%), while fetal lung volume (FLV) was significantly lower in 43 (72.88%) of neonates who developed RD. Combining both measurements of PA-RI and FLV could predict all cases of RDS 59 (100%). Thirty of RDS neonates had mechanical ventilation and died (50.85%). Cutoff values of PA-RI ≥ 0.75 with 76.27% sensitivity, 82.95% specificity and 81.5% accuracy, whereas a cutoff of FLV ≤ 28 cm3 with sensitivity of 72.88%, specificity of 65.91% and accuracy of 74.8%, for prediction of RDS. Combining both cutoffs generated a more accurate detection 100%, specificity of 65.91% and 66.3% positive predictive value (PPV) and 100% negative predictive value (NPV) and 83% accuracy.

Conclusions
Both PA-RI and FLV are promising noninvasive tools which help in predicting RD fetuses with high sensitivity and specificity. PA-RI is more accurate than FLV cm3 in prediction of neonatal RDS. Combining these parameters increases the predictive value.
Darolutamide Maintenance in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Nonprogressive Disease After Taxane Treatment (SAKK 08/16)
Authors: Gillessen Silke , Procopio Giuseppe , Hayoz Stefanie , Kremer Eloïse , Schwitter Michael , Caffo Orazio , Lorente David , Pedrazzini Augusto , Roubaud Guilhem , Nenan Soazig , Omlin Aurelius , Buttigliero Consuelo , Delgado Mingorance Juan Ignacio , González-del-Alba Aránzazu , Delgado Maria Teresa , Nole Franco , Turco Fabio , Pereira Mestre Ricardo , Ribi Karin , Cathomas Richard 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and safety of darolutamide maintenance after successful taxane chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) 08/16 is a randomized phase II study. Patients with mCRPC who received prior androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and subsequently had nonprogressive disease on a taxane were randomly assigned to darolutamide 600 mg twice a day or placebo twice a day. The primary end point was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) at 12 weeks. Secondary end points were rPFS, event-free survival, overall survival (OS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 50% response rate, and adverse events. RESULTS Overall, 92 patients were recruited by 26 centers. Prior taxane was docetaxel in 93% and cabazitaxel in 7%. Prior ARPI was abiraterone in 60%, enzalutamide in 31%, and both in 9%. rPFS at 12 weeks was significantly improved with darolutamide (64.7% v 52.2%; P = .127). Median rPFS on darolutamide was 5.5 versus 4.5 months on placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.91]; P = .017), and median event-free survival was 5.4 versus 2.9 months (HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.73]; P = .001). PSA 50% response rate was improved (22% v 4%; P = .014). Median OS for darolutamide was 24 versus 21.3 months for placebo (HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.26]; P = .181). Treatment-related adverse events were similar in both arms. CONCLUSION SAKK 08/16 met its primary end point, showing that switch maintenance with darolutamide after prior taxane chemotherapy and at least one ARPI resulted in a statistically significant but clinically modest rPFS prolongation with good tolerability. The median OS with darolutamide maintenance appears promising. Should these findings be confirmed in a larger trial, maintenance treatment could be a novel strategy in managing patients with mCRPC, especially those who responded well to prior ARPI.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinico-pathological features in relation to Tumor Stage; AJCC 2018 perspective
Authors: Khan Nauman Rauf , Naseem Nadia , Riaz Nabeela , Anjum Rabia , Khalid Sobia , Iqbal Asifa , Chaudhry Saima 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the association between clinicopathological findings and tumor stage according to AJCC 2018 guidelines in patients suffering from Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 at King Edward Medical University and University of Health Sciences on a total of 49 patients enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. Clinical and radiographic findings were recorded. Pathological reporting was done using AJCC 2018 cancer staging guidelines. Association between clinicopathological features with tumor stage and grade was assessed using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 46.1 ± 10.6 years. Most of the tumors were of well differentiated type (49%) and moderately differentiated (40.8%) with predominant clinical stage III in 42.9% & IV in 44.9 % and primary tumor stage pT2 28.6% & pT3 36.7%. Significant difference was seen for primary tumor stage in relation to age, gender, depth of invasion, primary site, and size of tumor (p < 0.01). For clinical stages, significant difference was observed in the age, gender, size of tumor, nodal metastasis, and anatomical tumor site (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Application of 8th Edition AJCC guidelines identifies the importance of the latest classification with strong association of latest stage criteria with age, gender, site of primary tumor, tumor thickness, depth of invasion, nodal metastasis and size of largest lymph node involved, and Level of Lymph node involved (level III & V) in a subset of patients from a developing country.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7266
How to cite this: Khan NR, Naseem N, Riaz N, Anjum R, Khalid S, Iqbal A, et al. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinico-pathological features in relation to Tumor Stage; AJCC 2018 perspective. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7266
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Snake Eggs Puzzle: Preparing Students for Benders Decomposition
Authors: Harris Mitchell , Forbes Michael 
Published: February 2023

Logic puzzles are an effective way to introduce students to advanced solution techniques in operations research, such as Lagrangian relaxation, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, and Benders decomposition. The Snake Egg puzzle asks the player to draw a one-cell wide path, or “snake,” in a grid. The remaining cells should form a fixed number of separate, connected, discontiguous regions called “eggs.” We propose two solution approaches: a flow-based model and lazy constraints. Instead of providing the complete model at the outset, we will step through the puzzle in a manner suitable to the classroom, emphasizing the skills that are crucial to successfully implementing advanced techniques. The puzzle functions in particular as a prelude to Benders decomposition. Funding: M. Harris is supported by an Australian Government RTP (research training program) scholarship.
Assessment and management of children with head injury: practice and opinion
Authors: Proctor Alyesha , Voss Sarah , Lyttle Mark , Benger Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Background: Head injury is common in children with approximately 700 000 attendances at emergency departments annually; one-third are conveyed by ambulance. However, 75% of them are discharged with no treatment. Most head-injured children could be managed on scene. Aim: This study aimed to investigate paramedic assessment and management of children with minor head injury. Methods: A web-based survey of paramedics at one trust was carried out, and simple descriptive analysis was completed. Findings: Fifty-nine paramedics took part. Parental anxiety, mechanism of injury, presence of red flags, fear of consequences and safeguarding concerns were the most common reasons that paramedics convey children with head injury to the emergency department. Paramedics employ a variety of non-validated tools to help them assess and manage children with head injury, with the head injury guidance by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence most used. A lack of confidence in wound closure was a key barrier to managing patients on scene, along with a perceived inability to manage children in general, limited GP availability, a lack of training in paediatrics and risk avoidance. Conclusions: Several factors inhibit the ability of paramedics to manage children with minor head injury on scene, leading to avoidable hospital conveyance. Three-quarters of paramedics said they would benefit from a clinical decision tool to support them in the assessment and management of children with minor head injury.
Community role education: an evaluation of knowledge, skills and confidence
Authors: Ross Linda , Shannon Brendan 
Published: February 2023

Background: With the expansion of specialist non-traditional community paramedic roles, education programmes need to be fit for purpose, evidence-based and informed by industry and community requirements. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a community paramedic short course in improving knowledge, skills and confidence in undertaking a community paramedic role. Methods: Educational intervention evaluation of a short course on community paramedicine. Findings: All participants increased their mean scores for knowledge, skills and confidence. The biggest areas of improvement were seen in areas not historically taught or practised in paramedicine such as falls assessments, ear/nose/throat assessment and care, gastrointestinal assessment and care, and troubleshooting urinary catheters and specialist equipment. Conclusion: This type of education is successful in improving knowledge, skills and confidence. However, exposure to patients with specialist community health care needs and adequate support in the novice phase is fundamental for the consolidation of education.
NHP BurkPx: A multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay to monitor Burkholderia pseudomallei exposures in non-human primates
Authors: Celona Kimberly R. , Shannon Austin B. , Sonderegger Derek , Yi Jinhee , Monroy Fernando P. , Allender Christopher , Hornstra Heidie , Barnes Mary B. , Didier Elizabeth S. , Bohm Rudolf P. , Phillippi-Falkenstein Kathrine , Sanford Daniel , Keim Paul , Settles Erik W. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Melioidosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, infecting humans and non-human primates (NHP) through contaminated soil or water. World-wide there are an estimated 165,000 human melioidosis cases each year, but recordings of NHP cases are sporadic. Clinical detection of melioidosis in humans is primarily by culturing B. pseudomallei, and there are no standardized detection protocols for NHP. NHP are an important animal model for melioidosis research including clinical trials and development of biodefense countermeasures.

Methodology/Principle findings
We evaluated the diagnostic potential of the multiple antigen serological assay, BurkPx, in NHP using two sera sets: (i) 115 B. pseudomallei-challenged serum samples from 80 NHP collected each week post-exposure (n = 52) and at euthanasia (n = 47), and (ii) 126 B. pseudomallei-naïve/negative serum samples. We observed early IgM antibody responses to carbohydrate antigens followed by IgG antibody recognition to multiple B. pseudomallei protein antigens during the second week of infection. B. pseudomallei negative serum samples had low to intermediate antibody cross reactivity to the antigens in this assay. Infection time was predicted as the determining factor in the variation of antibody responses, with 77.67% of variation explained by the first component of the principal component analysis. A multiple antigen model generated a binary prediction metric (p^), which when applied to all data resulted in 100% specificity and 63.48% sensitivity. Removal of week 1 B. pseudomallei challenged serum samples increased the sensitivity of the model to 95%.

Conclusion/Significance
We employed a previously standardized assay for humans, the BurkPx assay, and assessed its diagnostic potential for detection of B. pseudomallei exposure in NHP. The assay is expected to be useful for surveillance in NHP colonies, in investigations of suspected accidental releases or exposures, and for identifying vaccine correlates of protection.
Effects of gene–lifestyle interactions on obesity based on a multi-locus risk score: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Nakamura Sho , Fang Xuemin , Saito Yoshinobu , Narimatsu Hiroto , Ota Azusa , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Shimanoe Chisato , Tanaka Keitaro , Kubo Yoko , Tsukamoto Mineko , Tamura Takashi , Hishida Asahi , Oze Isao , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Nakamura Yohko , Kusakabe Miho , Takezaki Toshiro , Nishimoto Daisaku , Suzuki Sadao , Otani Takahiro , Kuriyama Nagato , Matsui Daisuke , Kuriki Kiyonori , Kadota Aya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Arisawa Kokichi , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Nakatochi Masahiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Takeuchi Kenji , Wakai Kenji 
Published: February 2023

Background
The relationship between lifestyle and obesity is a major focus of research. Personalized nutrition, which utilizes evidence from nutrigenomics, such as gene–environment interactions, has been attracting attention in recent years. However, evidence for gene–environment interactions that can inform treatment strategies is lacking, despite some reported interactions involving dietary intake or physical activity. Utilizing gene–lifestyle interactions in practice could aid in optimizing interventions according to genetic risk.

Methods
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of gene–lifestyle interactions on body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study were used. Interactions between a multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS), calculated from 76 ancestry-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, and nutritional intake or physical activity were assessed using a linear mixed-effect model.

Results
The mean (standard deviation) BMI and GRS for all participants (n = 12,918) were 22.9 (3.0) kg/m2 and -0.07 (0.16), respectively. The correlation between GRS and BMI was r(12,916) = 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11–0.15, P < 0.001). An interaction between GRS and saturated fatty acid intake was observed (β = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.02). An interaction between GRS and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was also observed in the females with normal-weight subgroup (β = -0.12, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.03).

Conclusion
Our results provide evidence of an interaction effect between GRS and nutritional intake and physical activity. This gene–lifestyle interaction provides a basis for developing prevention or treatment interventions for obesity according to individual genetic predisposition.
Tomato Flu in India: A Rapid Review
Authors: Chaudhary Neeru 
Published: February 2023

Bumpy and irritated skin can be brought on by tomato flu.The centre asserts that there is no connection between tomato flu and coronavirus, dengue, chikungunya, or monkeypox. According to reports, tomato flu is a self-limiting illness that primarily affects young children between the ages of 1 and 10 and people with weakened immune systems.
In India, there have been over 100 instances of tomato flu reported in four distinct states: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Odisha, and Haryana. Kids between the ages of 1 and 9 account for the majority of instances. However, all areas save the aforementioned four states remain unaffected. According to reports, it may be a clinical subtype of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
Proyectos e instrumentos aplicados para la gestión sanitaria frente al Covid–19: alcances, perspectivas y desafíos
Authors: La Macchia María Lorena , Tisnés Adela , Rivero Mariana , Baron Prato Ayelén , Passucci Juan A. 
Published: February 2023

El contexto de pandemia y emergencia sanitaria por COVID–19 implicó la capacidad de poder almacenar, procesar, analizar y disponer de información espacial y alfanumérica a diferentes escalas para responder interrogantes útiles ante la demanda derivada de organismos públicos y privados para la gestión sanitaria.
En esta línea se desarrollaron proyectos I+D que vincularon las unidades académicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de Ciencias Veterinarias. El artículo se centra en los alcances, desafíos y ejecución de dos de ellos. El primero fue el proyecto de Voluntariado Universitario para la Emergencia Sanitaria COVID–19 que tuvo como principal objetivo trabajar sobre las potencialidades del uso de las geotecnologías como herramientas para la toma de decisiones en los territorios en el contexto de emergencia sanitaria y el aporte de la infraestructura de datos espaciales de la FCH–UNICEN para almacenar, producir, analizar y difundir información geoespacial y garantizar el acceso a la democratización de la información. El segundo de los proyectos estuvo estrictamente relacionado con la gestión sanitaria y la salud pública a partir del desarrollo de la encuesta serológica estratificada por edad basada en la población del partido de Tandil. Su propósito radicó en elaborar modelos de análisis de la distribución espacial de las comorbilidades asociadas a la obtención de indicadores, principalmente, de obesidad y diabetes mediante el aporte de las TIG. Los aportes e instrumentos intentan construir un abordaje interdisciplinar entre la Geografía, la Salud Pública e Informática y están orientados a darle visibilidad a la Geografía como disciplina y poder materializar en el territorio los alcances de su potencial tanto para la producción de información alfanumérica y gráfica periódicamente actualizada a partir del análisis espacial y la modelización de escenarios futuros para la toma de decisiones en forma inmediata y la elaboración de políticas en el contexto de ASPO.
A Red Wave or a Ripple? Nationalized Politics and the 2022 Midterm Elections
Authors: Carson Jamie L. , Hitefield Aaron A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Republicans were initially optimistic that the 2022 midterms would result in a sizeable red wave that would lead them to win back control of the House and Senate in light of President Biden’s low levels of approval and high rates of inflation. Although they did win enough seats to narrowly control the House, they failed to pick up a sufficient number of seats in the Senate to control that chamber during the next 2 years. This article examines the candidates, outcomes, and implications of the 2022 midterm elections. In doing so, we analyze the effect that former President Donald Trump had on the election while also considering the impact of factors such as inflation and abortion on congressional election outcomes. The article closes with a discussion of the effects of the 2022 midterms on both the incoming 118th Congress as well as the upcoming 2024 Presidential election.
Influence of shielding gas on machining and wear aspects of AISI 310–AISI 2205 dissimilar stainless steel joints
Authors: Govindasamy Mahadevan , Manuel Lloyd Jenner Mangalakaran Joseph , Thamilkolunthu Senthilkumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this article, the effect of shielding gas combinations on gas tungsten arc-welded dissimilar AISI 310 steel and AISI 2205 steel joints was investigated. Two gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide were substituted in argon shielding gas and its corresponding improvement in the mechanical, microstructural, machining, and wear aspects of the dissimilar AISI 310–AISI 2205 joints was studied. Weld bead studies, tensile, and weld region microhardness were conducted. X-ray diffraction studies revealed joint intermetallics, and microstructural evaluation was conducted. Machining studies were conducted using drilling experiments. Using local analysis and global analysis, the cutting force variations in the feed direction and cutting direction were studied. Wear tests revealed that the variations in traction force, specific wear rate, coefficient of friction and tribo wear mass loss were studied. A considerable improvement in wear characteristics of AISI 310–AISI 2205 joints was observed by substituting CO2 and N in shielding gas.
Similarity transformations for modified shallow water equations with density dependence on the average temperature
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Lie symmetry analysis is applied for the study of a modified one-dimensional Saint–Venant system in which the density depends on the average temperature of the fluid. The geometry of the bottom we assume that is a plane, while the viscosity term is considered to be nonzero, as the gravitational force is included. The modified shallow water system is consisted by three hyperbolic first-order partial differential equations. The admitted Lie symmetries form a four-dimensional Lie algebra, the A
3,3 ⊕ A
1. However, for the viscosity free model, the admitted Lie symmetries are six and form the A
5,19 ⊕ A
1 Lie algebra. For each Lie algebra we determine the one-dimensional optimal system and we present all the possible independent reductions provided by the similarity transformations. New exact and analytic solutions are calculated for the modified Saint–Venant system.
Developing English language teachers’ and learners’ ELF awareness: the background, design and impact of the ENRICH project’s continuous professional development programme
Authors: Sifakis Nicos , Bayyurt Yasemin , Cavalheiro Lili , Fountana Maria , Lopriore Lucilla , Tsagari Dina , Kordia Stefania 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the background, design, implementation and impact of the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programme of the EU-funded ENRICH Project, which ran from 2018 to 2021. The programme, which has been freely available online since January 2022 (http://enrichproject.eu), aims at implementing the principles and processes of ELF awareness in empowering English language teachers to integrate the role of English as a Lingua Franca in their multilingual classrooms. We begin by justifying the development of the ENRICH Project with reference to the policies of the European Union supporting multilingualism and go on to discuss the principles of ELF awareness that informed the ENRICH CPD programme. We also present the priorities, target groups, key objectives and innovative practices of the ENRICH CPD programme. The paper is rounded up with a sample of participants’ responses to certain CPD activities and with an appreciation of the impact of the programme on participant teachers and their learners.