bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytodiversity is associated with habitat heterogeneity from Eurasia to the Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Chang Yaquan , Gelwick Katrina , Willett Sean D. , Shen Xinwei , Albouy Camille , Luo Ao , Wang Zhiheng , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: August 2023

Summary

The geographic distribution of plant diversity matches the gradient of habitat heterogeneity from lowlands to mountain regions. However, little is known about how much this relationship is conserved across scales.

Using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants and high‐resolution biodiversity maps developed by species distribution models, we investigated the associations between species richness and habitat heterogeneity at the scales of Eurasia and the Hengduan Mountains (HDM) in China.

Habitat heterogeneity explains seed plant species richness across Eurasia, but the plant species richness of 41/97 HDM families is even higher than expected from fitted statistical relationships. A habitat heterogeneity index combining growing degree days, site water balance, and bedrock type performs better than heterogeneity based on single variables in explaining species richness. In the HDM, the association between heterogeneity and species richness is stronger at larger scales.

Our findings suggest that high environmental heterogeneity provides suitable conditions for the diversification of lineages in the HDM. Nevertheless, habitat heterogeneity alone cannot fully explain the distribution of species richness in the HDM, especially in the western HDM, and complementary mechanisms, such as the complex geological history of the region, may have contributed to shaping this exceptional biodiversity hotspot.
Closing the loop and raising the bar: Automated control systems in neuromodulation
Authors: Su Po‐Yi Paul , Arle Jeffrey , Poree Lawrence 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeuromodulation has emerged as a promising therapy for the management of chronic pain, movement disorders, and other neurological conditions. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a widely used form of neuromodulation that involves the delivery of electrical impulses to the spinal cord to modulate the transmission of pain signals to the brain. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of automation systems to improve the efficacy and safety of SCS. This narrative review summarizes the status of Food and Drug Administration‐approved autonomous neuromodulation devices including closed loop, feedforward, and feedback systems. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each system and focuses specifically on the use of these systems for SCS. It is important for clinicians to understand the expanding role of automation in neuromodulation in order to select appropriate therapies founded on automation systems to the specific needs of the patient and the underlying condition.ConclusionThe review also provides insights into the current state of the art in neuromodulation automation systems and discusses potential future directions for research in this field.
Who has turned the project management lights on? A comparative analysis of transportation and information technology in US state governments
Authors: Grandage Andrew J. , Mitchell David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe provide a comparative analysis of capital project management for major transportation and information technology (IT) acquisitions in US state governments, focusing on the use of earned value management (EVM). Results indicate that most states have adopted basic reforms, such as establishing project management offices and developing guidelines based on industry standards. However, fewer have implemented reforms with more teeth to them, such as centralized oversight and EVM. We find that states with greater spending are more likely to use EVM but that it is more commonly prescribed for IT than transportation.
Revisiting the (lack of) association between objective and subjective measures of local fiscal condition
Authors: Park Sungho , Maher Craig S. , Liao Wei‐Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent fiscal condition literature has been attentive to the consistency between subjective measures of local fiscal condition based on public officials' perceptions and their objective counterparts measured using financial data. Studies have found little evidence of a relationship between them, leading scholars to speculate flaws in measurement or intentional lack of association. This study reevaluates the issue by investigating intervening explanations for the absence of connection. Analyzing survey and audited financial data from 185 municipalities across 31 states, we identify various individual and organizational attributes that help clarify the association between the two types of fiscal condition measures.
Ram semen quality after supplementation with gelatin, agar or alginate prior to cooling storage
Authors: González‐Maldonado Juan , Ramírez‐Valverde Gustavo , Rangel‐Santos Raymundo , Lorenzo Torres Alfredo , Muñoz‐García Canuto , Maldonado‐Jáquez Jorge Alonso 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdding gelling agents to convert the liquid state of the semen extender to a solid state allows for an increased sperm life span. Gelatin and alginate have been used to study the effects of gelling agents on sperm quality. However, there are other gelling agents that have not been studied, such as agar. In addition, studying different sources of gelling agents or the effect of mixing more than one gelling agent with semen extenders on sperm fertility has received little attention. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding agar and a mixture of gelling agents from different sources to semen extender on ram sperm traits and fertility. The first trial evaluated the effect of the addition of 2.5–3 mg mL−1 of gelatin mixed with 0.5–20 mg mL−1 of agar or alginate to ram semen extender on sperm (motility, progressive motility, live/dead, membrane integrity) and semen (pH) characteristics. The response variables were evaluated 1, 72 and 144 h after storage at 4°C. In the second trial, two sources (feed grade and bacteriological) of gelatin and agar were evaluated on the response variables as in Trial 1. In trial 3, a total of 34 ewes were inseminated with doses supplemented (n = 17) with or without (n = 17) agar and gelatin. The pregnancy rate was diagnosed 40 days after insemination. In general, adding agar and gelatin improves (p < .05) sperm motility, membrane integrity and the ratio of live sperm after 144 h of storage compared to the Control group, regardless of the source (bacteriological or feed grade). However, the pregnancy rate in ewes was not influenced (p ≥ .05) by semen doses stored with agar and gelatin. In conclusion, the addition of agar and gelatin preserves ram sperm motility and membrane integrity after 144 of storage at 4°C without affecting the pregnancy rate in inseminated ewes.
Changes in the gut microbiome can predict and decrease Epstein‐Barr virus infection risk in children after liver transplantation
Authors: Wang Xu , Sun Liying , Li Peng , Zhang Shutian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivePrimary Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is observed in 60% of children during the first year after liver transplantation as usage of imm‐unosuppressant. Finding predictive indicators of EBV infection is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality of EBV infection‐related diseases by suggesting a dose reduction of immunosuppressant.MethodsWe compared and analysed the gut microbiome of EBV‐infected children with an asymptomatic virus‐carrying status and EBV‐uninfected children after liver transplantation using high‐throughput sequencing.ResultsSignificant differences in gut microbiome composition in two groups were detected. In detail, Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were increased in EBV‐infected group, while Clostridium was increased in EBV‐uninfected group. Furthermore, CD4 percentage in T cells of blood showed a significant positive correlation with the content of Clostridium sp. CAG: 127 in EBV‐uninfected group.ConclusionChanges in the gut microbiome could predict and decrease the EBV infection risk of children after liver transplantation.
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Trough ganciclovir concentration as predictor of leukopenia in lung transplant recipients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis
Authors: Katada Yoshiki , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Nagao Miki , Umemura Keisuke , Itohara Kotaro , Nishikawa Asami , Hashi Sachiyo , Katsube Yurie , Hira Daiki , Ohsumi Akihiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Date Hiroshi , Terada Tomohiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundValganciclovir is the first‐line agent for Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis after lung transplantation. However, its use is associated with a relatively high risk of hematological toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trough ganciclovir concentration and hematologic toxicity in lung transplantation patients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis, and identify factors that affect ganciclovir pharmacokinetics in this population.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 24 lung transplant patients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis. The cutoff value of trough ganciclovir concentration was estimated using receiver operating characteristic analysis in leukopenia grade 3 and higher. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling program.ResultsThe trough ganciclovir concentration was significantly higher in the group with leukopenia grades 3 or higher than in the group with grades less than or equal to 2 (1605.7 ± 860.1 ng/mL [n = 3] vs. 380.5 ± 175.8 ng/mL (n = 21), p < .001). The cutoff value of trough ganciclovir concentration for predicting greater than or equal to grade 3 leukopenia was estimated as 872.0 ng/mL. Creatinine clearance and lung re‐transplantation were found to have a significant impact on the total body clearance of valganciclovir. Ganciclovir clearance was decreased in patients with reduced creatine clearance or re‐transplantation.ConclusionThese results suggest that higher ganciclovir trough concentrations are associated with an increased risk of leukopenia grade 3 or higher, and that creatinine clearance and lung re‐transplantation affected the pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir.
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The Arabidopsis PHOSPHATE 1 exporter undergoes constitutive internalization via clathrin‐mediated endocytosis
Authors: Vetal Pallavi V. , Poirier Yves 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYInorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and depends on the transport of Pi across cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PHOSPHATE 1 (PHO1) is present in the root pericycle and xylem parenchyma where it exports Pi into the xylem apoplast for its transfer to shoots. PHO1 consists of a cytosolic SPX domain followed by membrane‐spanning α‐helices and ends with the EXS domain, which participates in the steady‐state localization of PHO1 to the Golgi and trans‐Golgi network (TGN). However, PHO1 exports Pi across the plasma membrane (PM), making its localization difficult to reconcile with its function. To investigate whether PHO1 transiently associates with the PM, we inhibited clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) by overexpressing AUXILIN‐LIKE 2 or HUB1. Inhibiting CME resulted in PHO1 re‐localization from the Golgi/TGN to the PM when PHO1 was expressed in Arabidopsis root pericycle or epidermis or Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. A fusion protein between the PHO1 EXS region and GFP was stabilized at the PM by CME inhibition, indicating that the EXS domain plays an important role in sorting PHO1 to/from the PM. PHO1 internalization from the PM occurred independently of AP2 and was not influenced by Pi deficiency, the ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 PHO2, or the potential ubiquitination of cytosolic lysines in the EXS domain. PM‐stabilized PHO1 showed reduced root‐to‐shoot Pi export activity, indicating that CME of PHO1 may be important for its optimal Pi export activity and plant Pi homeostasis.
Regenerative response in dogs naturally and experimentally infected with Babesia rossi
Authors: Seejarim Chandini , Rautenbach Yolandi , Hooijberg Emma H. , Leisewitz Andrew L. , Schoeman Johan P. , Goddard Amelia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe regenerative response following Babesia rossi infection in dogs is mild, despite severe hemolytic anemia.ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the admission absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) and reticulocyte indices in 103 dogs naturally infected with B. rossi with 10 dogs suffering from immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and 14 healthy control dogs. The regenerative response was also evaluated in five dogs experimentally infected with B. rossi.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of records generated on the ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer.ResultsThe median hematocrits (HCT) of the B. rossi and IMHA groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < .001 for both); however, no differences were seen between the B. rossi and IMHA groups. Compared with the control group, the median ARC was significantly higher in the B. rossi (p = .006) and IMHA (p = .019) groups but significantly lower in the B. rossi group than the IMHA group (p = .041). In the experimentally infected dogs, there was a sudden decrease in the ARC approximately 48 h after the detection of peripheral parasitemia, which was followed by an increase after treatment. Reticulocytes of naturally infected B. rossi dogs were larger, with more variation in cellular volume. The reticulocytes of the experimentally infected dogs decreased in size with decreasing hemoglobin concentrations as the study progressed.ConclusionsThe regenerative response in dogs naturally infected with B. rossi is inadequate, given the severity of the anemia observed, and it might be a result of direct suppressive action by the parasite or host response on the bone marrow.
Evaluation of platelet additive solution for prolonging storage of functional canine platelet concentrate
Authors: Arjoonsingh Avin , Haines Jillian M. , Hwang Julianne K. , Guess Sarah C. , Wardrop K. Jane 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess storage lesion development, platelet function, and bacterial growth in canine platelet concentrates (PCs) stored in a platelet additive solution (PAS) or a plasma control at 4°C for 21 days.DesignProspective, ex vivo, experimental controlled study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsTen units of canine PCs collected from blood bank donations.InterventionsThe PCs were separated into 2 bags, 1 containing 100% plasma and the other containing 35% plasma and 65% of a PAS (Plasma‐Lyte A), and stored at 4°C for 21 days. At days 0, 7, 14, and 21, PCs were analyzed for the presence of swirling, aggregate formation, platelet counts, platelet indices, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, Pvco2, Pvo2, aggregation via light aggregometry, activation percentages using flow cytometry, and bacterial growth.Measurements and main resultsCold‐stored PCs in both PAS and plasma control maintained mean pH >6.8 and mean lactate <9.0 mmol/L over 21 days, with no difference in glucose utilization. Swirl was maintained in both solutions for most days (76/80 combined total samples), with no difference in aggregate formation between solutions. The Pvco2 was higher in plasma on all days (P < 0.001), with no difference in Pvo2. Platelet indices did not reflect significant storage lesion development in either solution. Lactate dehydrogenase did not differ between solutions but did increase from day 7 to day 21. Mean maximal aggregation percentage was reduced overall but with no significant difference between solutions. The only observed difference in mean activation percentage between solutions was in PAS on day 7, which was significantly higher than plasma (P < 0.05). No bacterial growth occurred during storage.ConclusionsCold storage in PAS and plasma allowed PCs to be stored for up to 21 days with minimal storage lesion development, maintenance of platelet function, limited platelet activation, and no bacterial growth within stored bags.
Neuroinflammation and the immune system in hypoxic ischaemic brain injury pathophysiology after cardiac arrest
Authors: Sekhon Mypinder S. , Stukas Sophie , Hirsch‐Reinshagen Veronica , Thiara Sonny , Schoenthal Tison , Tymko Michael , McNagny Kelly M. , Wellington Cheryl , Hoiland Ryan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypoxic ischaemic brain injury after resuscitation from cardiac arrest is associated with dismal clinical outcomes. To date, most clinical interventions have been geared towards the restoration of cerebral oxygen delivery after resuscitation; however, outcomes in clinical trials are disappointing. Therefore, alternative disease mechanism(s) are likely to be at play, of which the response of the innate immune system to sterile injured tissue in vivo after reperfusion has garnered significant interest. The innate immune system is composed of three pillars: (i) cytokines and signalling molecules; (ii) leucocyte migration and activation; and (iii) the complement cascade. In animal models of hypoxic ischaemic brain injury, pro‐inflammatory cytokines are central to propagation of the response of the innate immune system to cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion. In particular, interleukin‐1 beta and downstream signalling can result in direct neural injury that culminates in cell death, termed pyroptosis. Leucocyte chemotaxis and activation are central to the in vivo response to cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion. Both parenchymal microglial activation and possible infiltration of peripherally circulating monocytes might account for exacerbation of an immunopathological response in humans. Finally, activation of the complement cascade intersects with multiple aspects of the innate immune response by facilitating leucocyte activation, further cytokine release and endothelial activation. To date, large studies of immunomodulatory therapies have not been conducted; however, lessons learned from historical studies using therapeutic hypothermia in humans suggest that quelling an immunopathological response might be efficacious. Future work should delineate the precise pathways involved in vivo in humans to target specific signalling molecules.
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The Momentum Battle in an Upper Airway During High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Kacinski Robert , Strasser Wayne , Leonard Scott 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Two types of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy were tested using computational models of the human upper airway to investigate cannula geometry's effect on CO2 flush. Models were run with a generic HFNC geometry, two High Velocity Nasal Insufflation (HVNI) cannula geometries, and without any cannula, each for open and closed mouth patient scenarios. For the open mouth scenario, models included either an inflamed left nasal passageway or a healthy (uninflamed) left nasal passageway. With a healthy left nasal passageway and open mouth, the CO2 remaining in the airway at end-exhale was 1.88 mg and 1.84 mg for the HVNI cannulas, 2.56 mg for HFNC, and 10.0 mg for the model with no cannula. With an inflamed left nasal passageway and open mouth, the CO2 remaining was 1.97 mg, 1.95 mg, 4.24 mg, and 10.5 mg for the same sequence of therapy types. For the closed mouth models, the distinction between therapy types was negligible. It was found that the higher momentum from the HVNI cannulas created a higher resistance against the infiltration of exhaled CO2 into the upper airway. The HVNI cannulas also began flushing the airway (reducing total CO2 mass) earlier in the exhalation cycle than both the HFNC and no-cannula models. The higher resistance to expiratory flow entering the upper airway and earlier transition to flush led to HVNI therapy having the lowest values of CO2 remaining in the airway.
A Comparative Study of LSTM and Temporal Convolutional Network Models for Semisubmersible Platform Wave Runup Prediction
Authors: Li Yan , Xiao Longfei , Wei Handi , Li Deyu , Li Xu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Wave runup prediction is necessary for offshore structure designs and early warnings. Data-driven methods based on machine learning have inspired reduced-order solutions for wave–structure interaction problems. This study provides the quantification of deep learning algorithms’ potential for wave runup prediction. Two prominent deep learning models were utilized to predict the wave runups along the fore column of semisubmersible under head seas. The long short-term memory (LSTM) and the temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) were comprehensively compared based on the datasets from a model test carried out in the deep ocean basin. The LSTM and TCN model structures were optimized to compare prediction accuracy and computational complexity reasonably. The results reveal that (1) both developed TCN and LSTM models had a satisfied prediction accuracy of over 90%. Their predictions were extended to 10 s into the future with accuracies over 80% and 45%, respectively. (2) With the noise-extended datasets, the LSTM model was robust to noises, while the TCN model showed better prediction performance on the extreme wave runup events. (3) The incident wave and dominant rotation provided the major information for wave runup prediction. TCN and LSTM models’ prediction accuracies were 91.5% and 89.3% based on the simplified input tensors composed of incident wave and pitch. The comparison showed the great potential of the TCN model to predict the nonlinear wave runup with less time and memory costs. The input tensors’ design and optimization based on physical understanding also play a significant role in the prediction performance.
Assessment of Aerobic Fitness Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Reconstruction
Authors: Cordingley Dean M. , McRae Sheila M.B. , Stranges Greg , MacDonald Peter B. 
Published: August 2023

Following anterior cruciate ligament rupture, physical activity may be limited due to restrictions placed on the patient while awaiting reconstruction (anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [ACLr]). The purpose of the study was to evaluate aerobic fitness in individuals undergoing ACLr at the time of medical clearance following injury, 6-month post-ACLr, and 12-month post-ACLr. Seventeen individuals participated in the research study to completion (females, n = 6, age = 23.3 ± 5.5 years; males, n = 11, age = 23.2 ± 4.7 years). There were no changes in aerobic fitness from baseline to 12-month postoperative, but due to the length of time between injury and baseline assessments, it is unknown if aerobic deconditioning occurred before the patient was assessed preoperatively.