bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2X4 receptor modulates gut inflammation and favours microbial homeostasis in colitis
Authors: Zhong Peijie , Wu Hang , Ma Yuanqiao , Xu Xiaoxiao , Jiang Yizhuo , Jin Chaolei , Zhu Qiaozhen , Liu Xinlei , Suo Zhimin , Wang Junpeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non‐specific chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine. In addition to genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and dysregulated host immunity, the gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), the two primary types of IBD. The P2X4 receptor has been demonstrated to have a crucial role in preventing infection, inflammation, and organ damage. However, it remains unclear whether the P2X4 receptor affects IBD and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsColitis was induced in mice administrated with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota in knockout and wild‐type mice. Clinical and histopathological parameters were monitored throughout the disease progression.ResultsGene Expression Omnibus analysis showed the downregulation of P2RX4 (P2rx4) expression in colonic tissues from patients or mice with IBD. However, its expression at the protein levels was upregulated on day 4 or 6 and then downregulated on day 7 in C57BL/6 mice treated with DSS. Gene ablation of P2rx4 aggravated DSS‐induced colitis accompanying gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Moreover, P2X4 receptor‐positive modulator ivermectin alleviated colitis and corrected dysregulated microbiota in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice. Further antibiotic‐treated gut microbiota depletion, cohousing experiment, and fecal microbiota transplantation proved that gut microbiota dysbiosis was associated with the aggravation of colitis in the mouse model initiated by P2rx4.ConclusionsOur findings elaborate on an unrevealed etiopathophysiological mechanism by which microbiota dysbiosis induced by the P2X4 receptor influences the development of colitis, indicating that the P2X4 receptor represents a promising target for treating patients with CD and UC.
Natural products and their analogues acting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A recent update
Authors: Kumar Gautam , C Amrutha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). It is responsible for significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. M.tb possesses robust defense mechanisms against most antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. Thus, the efficacy of existing front‐line drugs is diminishing, and new and recurring cases of TB arising from multidrug‐resistant M.tb are increasing. TB begs the scientific community to explore novel therapeutic avenues. A precise knowledge of the compounds with their mode of action could aid in developing new anti‐TB agents that can kill latent and actively multiplying M.tb. This can help in the shortening of the anti‐TB regimen and can improve the outcome of treatment strategies. Natural products have contributed several antibiotics for TB treatment. The sources of anti‐TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work are target‐based identification/cell‐based and phenotypic screening from natural products. Some of the recently identified natural products derived leads have reached clinical stages of TB drug development, which include rifapentine, CPZEN‐45, spectinamide‐1599 and 1810. We believe these anti‐TB agents could emerge as superior therapeutic compounds to treat TB over known Food and Drug Administration drugs.
Seizures in eating disorders
Authors: Gibson Dennis , Watters Ashlie , Bauschka Maryrose 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo complete a descriptive study of seizure etiology in a large population of eating disorder (ED) patients and to better understand whether malnutrition itself, in those with EDs, is associated with seizure development.MethodIn this retrospective study, 75 patients with documented seizures met inclusion criteria from a total of 1664 charts.ResultsPrevalence of seizures in this ED cohort was found to be 4.5%, with 29.3% of individuals experiencing seizures due to psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Other common causes of seizures included substance abuse/withdrawal (18.7%), primary seizure disorder (12%), and electrolyte abnormalities/hypoglycemia (10.7%). Three patients (4%) also developed their seizures presumably due to Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE).DiscussionSeveral etiologies of seizures are reported from this large sample of ED patients, and this is also the first study to report on a possible association of WE as a cause of seizures in ED patients. The contribution of WE and malnutrition toward the development of seizures in this population remains to be determined, and future studies should also seek to better understand the inter‐relationship between malnutrition and the other variables discussed in this article, such as hypomagnesemia, toward seizure development.Public significanceThe medical complications of EDs are myriad but seizures have not historically been considered one of those direct complications of malnutrition. The findings of this retrospective study suggest that seizure development may be a direct and indirect complication associated with EDs. The presentation of Wernicke's encephalopathy, which can also be associated with development of seizures, requires further investigation in those with EDs.
Detection of anomalous radioxenon concentrations: A distribution‐free approach
Authors: Scagliarini Michele , Gualdi Rosanna , Ottaviano Giuseppe , Rizzo Antonietta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe detection of anomalous atmospheric radioxenon concentrations plays a key role in detecting both underground nuclear explosions and radioactive emissions from nuclear power plants and medical isotope production facilities. For this purpose, the CTBTO's International Data Centre uses a procedure based on descriptive thresholds. In order to supplement this procedure with a statistical inference‐based method, we compared several non‐parametric change‐point control charts for detecting shifts above the natural radioxenon background. The results indicate that the proposed methods can provide valuable tools for the institutions responsible for the verification and classification of anomalous radioxenon concentrations.
Predicting the seismic behavior of multiblock tower structures using the level set discrete element method
Authors: Harmon John M. , Gabuchian Vahe , Rosakis Ares J. , Conte Joel P. , Restrepo José I. , Rodriguez Andrés , Nema Arpit , Pedretti Andrea R. , Andrade José E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper a modeling method is validated at multiple scales for the seismic performance of multiblock tower structure (MTS). MTS are a proposed concept for large‐capacity gravitational energy storage that will enable renewable energy sources. The structure modeled is a tower of 7144 nominally identical blocks arranged in a 38‐layered annular pattern with no adhesive mechanisms between the blocks or the blocks and the foundation. The level set discrete element method is used to model the dynamics of the tower structure experiencing a ground motion. Experimental determination of each model parameter is shown from the use of individual blocks before construction. Close comparisons to experimental results are shown for the dynamic motion of the tower over a full ground motion time history for multiple scales, materials and ground motions. When the tower was brought to failure, the two ground motions used produced distinct failure modes of the tower showing both a peeling and buckling behavior. Both the effect of the friction coefficient and unequal block heights are investigated. Friction coefficient has a noticeable effect on the amplitude of motion of the tower while the unevenness of the block heights affects mostly the structural speed.
Wellness and well‐being in counseling research: A 31‐year content analysis
Authors: Nice Matthew L. , Brubaker Michael D. , Gibson Donna M. , McMullen James W. , Asempapa Bridget , Kennedy Stephen D. , Fullen Matthew C. , Moore C. Missy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo examine wellness and well‐being research in professional counseling journals, we completed a comprehensive 31‐year content analysis of counseling research within 25 counseling journals. Of the sample of 374 publications that met the search criteria, wellness publications accounted for 222 (59.4%) of the articles, and well‐being publications accounted for 152 (40.6%) of the articles. The authors examined publication patterns, topics, theoretical frameworks, and research methodologies within wellness and well‐being counseling research.
Crystallographic and biophysical analysis of the fusion core from SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein
Authors: Hsu Chun‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a newly emerging infectious pathogen causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The virus primarily infects cells via its spike glycoprotein, which is cleaved into S1 and S2 subunits to aid in cell attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and heptad repeat 2 (HR2) of the S2 subunit are essential for membrane fusion, culminating in an expected six‐helix bundle termed fusion core. To better understand the structural and biophysical features of the SARS‐CoV‐2 fusion core, we designed, constructed, and bacterially produced a recombinant single‐chain HR1‐L6‐HR2 protein and conducted a series of biochemical and biophysical experiments. Our findings demonstrate that the HR1‐L6‐HR2 protein spontaneously assembles into a highly stable trimeric complex, further confirmed by x‐ray crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure of the fusion core reveals a trimeric coiled‐coil structure of HR1 antiparallelly surrounded by three HR2 to form a six‐helical bundle. Additionally, four residues of HR1 that contribute to binding with HR2 through the formation of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges were observed. These results indicate that the SARS‐CoV‐2 fusion core exhibits similar characteristics to other class I viral glycoproteins, suggesting potential for drug repurposing as an alternative strategy to combat COVID‐19.
Menthol‐based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the isolation of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from Perna canaliculus
Authors: Anstiss Logan , Weber Cameron C , Baroutian Saeid , Shahbaz Kaveh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarine‐derived omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are used globally as food supplements for their anti‐inflammatory properties and to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. New Zealand green‐lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) contain diverse valuable compounds, including omega‐3 PUFA. The most abundant omega‐3 PUFA in Perna canaliculus are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which account for many of the health benefits accredited to these mussels. This research investigates the feasibility of using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to isolate EPA and DHA from Perna canaliculus.RESULTSTwenty‐two hydrophobic DESs were screened using COSMO‐RS software to predict their affinity for EPA and DHA. Nine top‐ranked DESs were used for experimental extraction validation. The results exposed that the extraction capacity of the menthol: lidocaine DES (1:1 M ratio) for EPA and DHA was superior (172.04 μg EPA g−1 dry weight (DW) of biomass and 602.79 μg DHA g−1 DW) amongst other DESs. This was a considerably higher extraction yield than that observed using ethanol (95.65 μg EPA g−1 DW and 311.49 μg DHA g−1 DW). The optimisation of the menthol: lidocaine ratio identified a 1:2 M ratio as the optimal composition for this DES. The highest yields of EPA (267.59 μg g−1 DW) and DHA (1014.84 μg g−1 DW) were obtained by this optimised DES ratio at optimum extraction conditions (extraction temperature 65 °C, extraction time 2.12 h, and biomass loading 5 w/v%). The EPA and DHA showed good stability in the menthol: lidocaine DES over 7 days. This DES also showed good reusability, with a comparable extraction efficiency being observed after five extraction cycles.CONCLUSIONThis research revealed that menthol‐based DES can be a potential green solvent for the extraction of EPA and DHA from New Zealand green‐lipped mussels and it may be applicable for extracting other bioactive compounds with similar characteristics. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Morphology of the buccal apparatus of Dendronotus frondosus (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
Authors: Mikhlina Anna , Vortsepneva Elena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNudibranchia is the order of Gastropoda, which is known for its high diversity of dietary specializations and a diversified morphology of the buccal armature. The characters of the buccal armature are adaptive to the feeding mechanisms and diet preferences, but they also are phylogenetically informative. The morphological differences in the buccal armature imply different mechanisms of the synthesis and morphology of the formation zones. Here, we report new data on the morphology of the buccal complex in a cladobranch species with broad radula, Dendronotus frondosus, using light microscopy, transmission and scanning elctron microscopy and computer‐based three‐ dimensional reconstruction and compare them with those on other nudibranchs. We report the presence of protective chitinous spindles in the epithelia of the oral tube and esophagus, which suggests the presence of Cnidaria in the diet of the studied mollusc species. Similar to other Cladobranchia, the jaw plate of D. frondosus is synthesized by the layer of gnathoblasts located posteriorly in the epithelial fold. Near the zone of jaw synthesis, the gnathoblasts with concentric granular endoplasmic reticulum structures were found. This may indicate the turnover of gnathoblasts during the life of a specimen. Despite that D. frondosus has a broad radula, the zone of its synthesis does not split into two parts, unlike other molluscs with broad radulae. A single radular tooth is formed by a few cells, such as in other Nudibranchia. The number of odontoblasts per tooth in D. frondosus is not defined by a tooth size. At the same time, the linear dimensions of the cells secreting radular teeth depend on the size of the teeth synthesized by them.
Spatial‐temporal patterns of high‐temperature and drought during the maize growing season under current and future climate changes in northeast China
Authors: Li E , Zhao Jin , Zhang Wenmeng , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnder the background of global warming, the intensity and frequency of extreme meteorological events in the maize growing season in northeast China are increasing. In order to clarify the occurrence characteristics of extreme meteorological events in northeast China, this study focused on three extreme agrometeorological events, i.e., high temperatures, drought, and the compound events of high‐temperature and drought during the maize growing season (May–September), impacting maize production.ResultsBased on historical (1981–2017) and future (2021–2060) climate data, we analyzed the spatial‐temporal patterns of these three events with different intensities in northeast China. The results indicated that slight high‐temperatures and moderate and severe droughts occurred more frequently in the study area during the historical period. The frequency of the different grades of the compound events of high‐temperature and drought will exhibit an increasing trend in the future, as will the frequency of the compound events of high‐temperature and drought. This is particularly evident in the northwest of the study area.ConclusionThe compound events of high‐temperature and drought mainly occurred in late July and early August, encompassing the flowering stage of maize varieties. It is important to identify the area and time of major extreme weather events to implement the necessary preventive measures. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hydration dominates dielectric spectroscopy‐based high accuracy quantification of lactose content in cow's milk
Authors: Fang Donggen , Yang Ke , Zhu Jieliang , An Changqing , Guo Wenchuan , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactose is a critical factor in the quality of milk and dairy products. Achieving high accuracy and rapid detection of lactose content in cow's milk remains a challenge. Dielectric spectroscopy has emerged as a promising tool for detecting food components. We explored the effect of lactose content on the dielectric spectra of cow's milk and we propose a rapid analytical method for the quantitative determination of lactose content in cow's milk with high accuracy based on dielectric spectra.RESULTSWe obtained the dielectric spectra of 316 cow's milk samples in the frequency range 20–4500 MHz and noticed a strong negative correlation between the lactose content and the value of the dielectric loss factor (ε″) below 1500 MHz. Lactose does not affect cow's milk dielectric properties by excluded volume effect, but dominates the effect on the dielectric properties of cow's milk by hydration. The support vector regression model based on the variable importance in projection has the best prediction performance for lactose content. Its root‐mean‐square error of prediction set and residual prediction deviation is 0.29 g kg−1 and 6.968, respectively, and its prediction performance is better than that of the currently reported near‐infrared (NIR) method and other methods.CONCLUSIONDespite the weak polarity of lactose molecules, its hydration is a significant factor affecting the dielectric properties of milk. The present study provides a basis for high accuracy and rapid quantitative detection of lactose in cow's milk based on dielectric spectra. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of routine preoperative 18FDG PET/CT on the surgical management of primary colorectal cancer
Authors: Mogollón‐González Mónica , Conde‐Muiño Raquel , Rodríguez‐Fernández Antonio , Navarro‐Pelayo Mar , Domínguez‐Bastante Mireia , Palma Pablo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesDetermine the usefulness of [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT) in the preoperative setting of colorectal cancer (CRC), assessing its impact on changes in management strategy.MethodsRetrospective study of CRC patients who underwent preoperative 18FDG‐PET/CT and CT staging scans in a single referral center. The agreement between 18FDG‐PET/CT, contrast‐enhanced CT, and colonoscopy for the surgical location was compared using the κ coefficient. Maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) value was obtained. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐five patients were included. 18FDG‐PET/CT improved tumor localization in 84.6% (165/195) of cases (κ value 0.798, p < 0.001), thus correcting endoscopic errors 69.7% (30/43) of the time. In patients with incomplete colonoscopies, 18FDG‐PET/CT detected synchronous tumors in 2.5% (5/195) patients, overlooked by CT staging scans. Based on extracolonic 18FDG‐uptake, the second primary malignancy was diagnosed in 7(3.6%,7/195) patients and total accuracy for lymph node and distant metastasis was 66.1% and 98.4%, respectively. The treatment plan was altered in 30 (15.4%, 30/196) patients. There was a significant association between the SUVmax and tumor size (odds ratio [OR] 4.254, p = 0.003) and the depth of tumor invasion (OR 1.696, p = 0.026).ConclusionsBased on its ability to aid in preoperative evaluation and definitively alter surgical treatment planning, 18FDG‐PET/CT should be further evaluated in primary CRC.
The adoption of oncoplastic surgery: Is there a learning curve?
Authors: Karamchandani Manish M. , Jonczyk Michael M. , De La Cruz Ku Gabriel , Gaffney Kerry A. , Wareham Carly , Nardello Salvatore , Persing Sarah M. , Homsy Christopher , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionOncoplastic surgery (OPS) is a form of breast conservation surgery involving partial mastectomy followed by volume displacement or replacement surgery. As the field of OPS is growing, we sought to determine if there was a learning curve to this surgery.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent OPS over a 6‐year period with a single surgeon formally trained in both Plastic Surgery and Breast Oncology. Cumulative summation analysis (CUSUM) was performed on mean operative time to generate the learning curve and learning curve phases. Outcomes were compared between phases to determine significance.ResultsMean operative time decreased significantly across the 6‐year period, generating three distinct learning curve phases: Learner phase (cases 1−23), Competence phase (24−73), and Mastery phase (74 and greater). The overall positive margin rate was 10.9% and there was no significant difference in rates between phases (p = 0.49). Overall complication rates, reoperation rates, and locoregional recurrence remained the same across all phases (p = 0.16; p = 0.65; p = 0.41). The rate of partial nipple loss decreased between phases (p = 0.02).ConclusionAs with many complex operations, there does appear to be a learning curve with OPS, as the operative time and the rates of partial nipple loss decreased over time.
Real‐Time and High‐Accuracy Microwave Frequency Identification Based on Ultra‐Wideband Optical Chirp Chain Transient SBS Effect
Authors: Wang Henan , Dong Yongkang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) for microwave photonics frequency measurement is widely studied because of its unique advantage of high accuracy. However, the technique's slow response severely limits its use for real‐time applications. To solve this problem, this work proposes and demonstrates the use of an ultra‐wideband optical chirp chain (OCC) transient SBS effect to avoid the need to slowly frequency sweep the Brillouin spectrum. This innovation enables real‐time and high‐accuracy microwave frequency identification. It is shown that real‐time microwave tracking can be achieved by continuously repeating the OCC‐modulated wave, which allows for wide‐range frequency sweeping over a very short time. High accuracy is achieved by exploiting the narrow bandwidth characteristic of the transient Brillouin spectrum. In the experiments, the temporal resolution is 100 ns for the time‐varying frequency microwave identification, enabled by the transient SBS effect, representing at least three orders of magnitude improvement over previously reported SBS‐based methods. The frequency measurement is accurate to 1 MHz. In addition, several further benefits, such as resolving multifrequency signals, reconfigurable instantaneous bandwidth, and 20 GHz frequency measurement range, are demonstrated.