bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote datalogging of solar UV irradiation using open-source ESP32 platform and MQTT protocol
Authors: Tyutyundzhiev N , Angelov Ch , Arsov T , Lovchinov K , Nitchev H , Mutafov A , Alexieva G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent data loggers are computer peripheral devices or stand-alone smart instruments which can collect local databases and are able to transfer data to remote servers. Therefore, an appropriate communication protocol is required to facilitate the integration to existing computer infrastructure. This study proposes the utilization of MQTT as a communication protocol between scientific instrumentation: UV sensors, open-source data processing controllers and SoC computers. Data acquisition was done in real-time, stored in InfluxDB database and graphically presented by Grafana visualization tool.
Effect of pressure and cross-flow velocity on membrane behaviour in red wine nanofiltration
Authors: Dencheva-Zarkova M , Genova J , Tsibranska I 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nanofiltration has found numerous applications in winemaking industry as an effective separation technology, allowing for the recovery and concentration of valuable bioactive compounds from wine/grape by-products, as well as for wine dealcoholization. However, the assessment of membrane fouling remains essential for a stable and sustainable membrane operation. Because of its complex nature, wine components (colloids and solutes such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins) contribute to different mechanisms of fouling. The increase of fouling propensity as well as the conditions that contribute to it - transmembrane pressure and cross-flow velocity – are studied in the present study. Quantitative characteristics as fouling indices are discussed. Results with red wine (Mavrud) nanofiltration are obtained using two NF membranes - Nadir® NP030 P (asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES), MWCO 500 Da) and Alfa Laval NF99HF (thin film composite polyester, MWCO 200 Da). Nanofiltration runs were carried out by a constant-pressure cross-flow filtration system MaxiMem, Prozesstechnik GmbH with a rectangular flat-sheet membrane of 215 cm2 active area.
Effect of transmembrane pressure (TMP) (10 to 50 bar) and cross-flow rate (1-3 l/min) on the permeate flux are discussed in view of membrane fouling. Higher operating pressures enhance the permeate flux but may also lead to increased fouling. The two membranes show very different permeate fluxes, the ones measured with NF99HF being 10-20 times higher. Increase in cross-flow velocity improves the hydrodynamic conditions such as shear stress field close to the membrane. The expected positive effect on permeate flux is the more noticeable the more pronounced the fouling. This was shown by two polymer membranes of different molecular weight cut-off exhibiting different susceptibility to fouling.
Electric characterization of transition metal (Co, Ni, Fe) doped ZnO thin layers prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Spassov D , Paskaleva A , Blagoev B , Mehandzhiev V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Doping of ZnO with different ions enables efficient control of its optical, electrical and magnetic properties. ZnO thin films doped with 3d transition metals have potential to be used as diluted magnetic semiconductors. In this work, dielectric and electrical properties of transition metal (Ni-, Co- or Fe-) doped ZnO thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been studied. Standard capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) as well as capacitance-frequency (C-f) characteristics have been measured. Some important parameters, e.g. the concentration of majority carriers N
D, barrier height Ф
b as well as the built-in potential Vbi are determined. Different polarization effects are considered to explain the strong frequency dependence of dielectric constant.
Structural and optical characterization of thin films from bimetallic Au-Sb system as tuneable plasmonic material for UV spectral range
Authors: Todorov R. , Katrova V. , Hristova-Vasileva T. , Milushev G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The optical properties of silver and gold based bimetallic alloys make possible to adjust their plasma frequency. The direct alloying and plasmonic activity of thin layers from the Au-Sb system are presented in the present work. The thin films were deposited by thermal co-evaporation of gold and antinomy. The chemical and phase composition of thin films, were analysed by X-ray microanalysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results of the X-ray microanalysis show that the composition of the thin layers corresponds well to the predetermined. The XRD patterns, depending on the envisaged compositions, show formation of intermetallic compound AuSb2 and binary alloys between the initial elements and the intermediate compound, which is in accordance with the Au-Sb phase diagram.
The dispersion of the complex permittivity was determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results show that the increase of the antimony content leads to an increase of the values of the imaginary part of the complex permittivity in the visible spectral region at photon energies greater than 3 eV, and a decrease in the ultraviolet spectral region. Based on the obtained dispersions of the complex permittivity, extinction cross-sections and local field enhancement of spherical Au-Sb nanoparticles were determined and their plasmon activity was evaluated.
Physical properties of phospholipids at low temperatures through Slipid force field
Authors: Ivanova Nikoleta , Chamati Hassan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSlipid (Stockholm lipids) force field is suitable for the description of the physical properties of biological membranes composed of phospholipids at room temperature. So far, its accuracy to reproduce the behavior of the thermodynamic and structural quantities of membranes at low temperatures has not yet been tested in sufficient details. In the present study, we compute some characteristic quantities of SOPC (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) using GROMACS in conjunction with Slipid force field. The initial configuration of the SOPC system composed of 128 lipid molecules distributed equally in each monolayer and 5120 water molecules was generated with the aid of CHARMM-GUI. Atomistic molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed at several temperatures. By virtue of a statistical analysis of trajectories, we computed the main structural parameters of the lipid molecules and thermodynamic quantities characterizing the phase behavior of the bilayer. The results are compared to available experimental data, as well as theoretical predictions. The Slipid force field was found to describe fairly well the structural behavior of the lipids at low temperatures.
Lamb-dip ro-vibrational spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled acetylene
Authors: Aiello Roberto , Santi Maria Giulia Delli , Sarno Valentina Di , Rosa Maurizio De , Ricciardi Iolanda , Natale Paolo De , Santamaria Luigi , Giusfredi Giovanni , Maddaloni Pasquale 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present an original opto-mechanical scheme which, effectively coupling a Lamb-dip saturated-absorption cavity ring-down spectrometer to a buffer-gas-cooling (BGC) source, allows us to determine the absolute frequency of the acetylene (ν
1 + ν
3) R(1)e transition at 6561.0941 cm−1 with an overall (statistical + systematic) uncertainty as low as 1.2 kHz. By improving the previous record with buffer-gas-cooled molecules by one order of magnitude, our achievement opens the door to new kind of ultra-precise low-temperature spectroscopic studies.
Hydroxyl Molecular Line Shapes in Laser-Ignition of Air
Authors: Parigger C G , Helstern C M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work communicates measurement and analysis of diatomic molecular hydroxyl (OH) spectra after generation of laser-induced plasma. A relative laboratory-air humidity of the order of 25% causes the occurrence of OH recombination radiation that is recorded with optical emission spectroscopy. A Q-switched, 150 mJ, 6 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm is focused in air with f/5 optics. Formation of OH is clearly discernible at time delays of several dozen microseconds after plasma initiation. Optical emissions are dispersed by a 0.64-m Czerny-Turner spectrometer and an intensified charge-coupled device records the data along the wavelength and slit dimensions.
Nonthermal effects on hydrogen Stark profiles
Authors: Stamm R , Hannachi I , Meireni M , Rosato J , Marandet Y 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plasma waves in nonthermal conditions can be strongly amplified by instabilities. We consider plasma conditions where a velocity-space instability amplifies the oscillating electric field magnitude of electron plasma waves up to several times the average plasma microfield. For a wide range of plasma conditions, the first Lyman and Balmer lines of hydrogen are then affected by both the dynamic plasma microfield and the oscillating field. We present computer simulations of line shapes showing the changes expected in such nonthermal conditions.
Comparing the roles of time overhead and spatial dimensions on optimal resetting rate vanishing transitions, in Brownian processes with potential bias and stochastic resetting
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Das Dibyendu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The strategy of stochastic resetting is known to expedite the first passage to a target, in diffusive systems. Consequently, the mean first passage time is minimized at an optimal resetting parameter. With Poisson resetting, vanishing transitions in the optimal resetting rate

r
∗

→
0

(continuously or discontinuously) have been found for various model systems, under the further influence of an external potential. In this paper, we explore how the discontinuous transitions in this context are regulated by two other factors—the first one is spatial dimensions within which the diffusion is embedded, and the second is the time delay introduced before restart. We investigate the effect of these factors by studying analytically two types of models, one with an ordinary drift and another with a barrier, and both types having two absorbing boundaries. In the case of barrier potential, we find that the effect of increasing dimensions on the transitions is quite the opposite of increasing refractory period.
High-sensitivity Troponin I Predicts Major Cardiovascular Events after Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Vascular Events in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) Substudy
Authors: Borges Flavia K , Duceppe Emmanuelle , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Patel Ameen , Sessler Daniel I , Tandon Vikas , Chan Matthew , Pearse Rupert , Srinathan Sadeesh , Garg Amit X , Sapsford Robert J , Ofori Sandra N , Marcucci Maura , Kavsak Peter A , Pettit Shirley , Spence Jessica , Belley-Cote Emilie , McGillion Michael , Whitlock Richard , Lamy Andre , Conen David , Thomas Sabu , Mueller Christian , Jaffe Allan S , Devereaux P J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS), based on measurement of troponin T, is associated with perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We therefore determined the high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) thresholds associated with 30 day MACE after non-cardiac surgery.

Methods
We performed a nested biobank cohort study of 4553 patients from the Vascular Events in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation (VISION) Study. We measured hsTnI (ADVIA Centaur® hsTnI assay) on postoperative days 1 to 3 in patients ≥45 years undergoing non-cardiac surgery. An iterative Cox proportional hazard model determined peak postoperative hsTnI thresholds independently associated with MACE (i.e., death, myocardial infarction occurring on postoperative day 4 or after, non-fatal cardiac arrest, or congestive heart failure) within 30 days after surgery.

Results
MACE occurred in 89/4545 (2.0%) patients. Peak hsTnI values of &lt;75 ng/L, 75 ng/L to &lt;1000 ng/L, and ≥1000 ng/L were associated with 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9–1.6), 7.1% (95% CI, 4.8–10.5), and 25.9% (95% CI, 16.3–38.4) MACE, respectively. Compared to peak hsTnI &lt;75 ng/L, values 75 ng/L to &lt;1000 ng/L and ≥1000 ng/L were associated with adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of 4.53 (95% CI, 2.75–7.48) and 16.17 (95% CI, 8.70–30.07), respectively. MACE was observed in 9% of patients with peak hsTnI ≥75 ng/L vs 1% in patients with peak hsTnI &lt;75 ng/L (aHR 5.76; 95% CI, 3.64–9.11). A peak hsTnI ≥75 ng/L was associated with MACE in the presence (aHR 9.35; 95% CI, 5.28–16.55) or absence (aHR 3.99; 95% CI, 2.19–7.25) of ischemic features of myocardial injury.

Conclusion
A peak postoperative hsTnI ≥75 ng/L was associated with &gt;5-fold increase in the risk of 30 days MACE compared to levels &lt;75 ng/L. This threshold could be used for MINS diagnosis when the ADVIA Centaur hsTnI assay is used.
Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT00512109.
Prognostic implications of atrial vs. ventricular functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Galloo Xavier , Dietz Marlieke F , Fortuni Federico , Prihadi Edgard A , Cosyns Bernard , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J , Ajmone Marsan Nina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Atrial functional tricuspid regurgitation (AFTR) has shown distinctive pathophysiological and anatomical differences compared with ventricular functional tricuspid regurgitation (VFTR) with potential implications for interventions. However, little is known about the difference in long-term prognosis between these two FTR-aetiologies, which was investigated in the current study.

Methods and results
Patients with severe FTR were divided into two aetiologies, based on echocardiography: AFTR and VFTR. VFTR was further subdivided into (i) left-sided cardiac disease; (ii) pulmonary hypertension; and (iii) right ventricular dysfunction. Long-term mortality rates were compared and independent associates of all-cause mortality were investigated.
A total of 1037 patients with severe FTR were included, of which 129 patients (23%) were classified as AFTR and compared with 425 patients (78%) classified as VFTR and in sinus rhythm. Of the 425 VFTR patients, 340 patients (61%) had left-sided cardiac disease, 37 patients (7%) had pulmonary hypertension, and 48 patients (9%) had right ventricular dysfunction. Cumulative 10-year survival rates were significantly better for patients with AFTR (78%) compared with VFTR (46%, log-rank P &lt; 0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, VFTR as well as all VFTR subtypes were independently associated with worse overall survival compared with AFTR (HR: 2.292, P &lt; 0.001 for VFTR).

Conclusion
Patients with AFTR had significantly better survival as compared with patients with VFTR, as well as all VFTR subtypes, independently of other clinical and echocardiographic characteristics.
The effect of mutation subtypes on the allele frequency spectrum and population genetics inference
Authors: Liao Kevin , Carlson Jedidiah , Zöllner Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Population genetics has adapted as technological advances in next-generation sequencing have resulted in an exponential increase of genetic data. A common approach to efficiently analyze genetic variation present in large sequencing data is through the allele frequency spectrum, defined as the distribution of allele frequencies in a sample. While the frequency spectrum serves to summarize patterns of genetic variation, it implicitly assumes mutation types (A→C vs C→T) as interchangeable. However, mutations of different types arise and spread due to spatial and temporal variation in forces such as mutation rate and biased gene conversion that result in heterogeneity in the distribution of allele frequencies across sites. In this work, we explore the impact of this simplification on multiple aspects of population genetic modeling. As a site’s mutation rate is strongly affected by flanking nucleotides, we defined a mutation subtype by the base pair change and adjacent nucleotides (e.g. AAA→ATA) and systematically assessed the heterogeneity in the frequency spectrum across 96 distinct 3-mer mutation subtypes using n = 3556 whole-genome sequenced individuals of European ancestry. We observed substantial variation across the subtype-specific frequency spectra, with some of the variation being influenced by molecular factors previously identified for single base mutation types. Estimates of model parameters from demographic inference performed for each mutation subtype’s AFS individually varied drastically across the 96 subtypes. In local patterns of variation, a combination of regional subtype composition and local genomic factors shaped the regional frequency spectrum across genomic regions. Our results illustrate how treating variants in large sequencing samples as interchangeable may confound population genetic frameworks and encourages us to consider the unique evolutionary mechanisms of analyzed polymorphisms.
Generic Equidistribution of Periodic Orbits for Area-Preserving Surface Maps
Authors: Prasad Rohil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We prove that a $C^{\infty }$-generic area-preserving diffeomorphism of a closed, oriented surface admits a sequence of equidistributed periodic orbits. This is a quantitative refinement of the recently established generic density theorem for area-preserving surface diffeomorphisms. The proof has two ingredients. The first is a “Weyl law” for PFH spectral invariants, which was used to prove the generic density theorem. The second is a variational argument inspired by the work of Marques–Neves–Song and Irie on equidistribution results for minimal hypersurfaces and three-dimensional Reeb flows, respectively.
Lineage or Legions? Explaining Imperial Rule Duration in the Roman Empire
Authors: Gray Thomas R , Smith Daniel S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One widely derided aspect of autocratic regimes is that they frequently feature nepotistic systems for political organization and management of power transfers, with inexperienced or unqualified individuals taking power solely because of their familial relation to the prior ruler. Such systems are thought to be more unstable and ineffective, reducing desirable outcomes for autocratic leaders, as well as the states they govern. We argue that this characterization ignores several important features of autocratic governance: rulers must constantly negotiate with other elites and rely on political networks based around loyalty and agreed-upon divisions of power, spoils, and prestige. Beneficiaries of nepotism enter office with many advantages that should make their reigns more stable and effective than those of less connected rulers. Specifically, we find evidence from the backgrounds and tenures of Roman emperors that dynastic relation to the previous ruler explains the likelihood of an emperor surviving in office without deposal as well as their effectiveness while in office. Rulers with close familial ties to their predecessor enjoyed longer rules and were associated with periods of imperial prosperity. Moreover, we also find that youth in autocratic office is a strong predictor of longevity without deposal, and that young rulers came to power owing to their dynastic relation to a predecessor.
Use of Liquid Chromatography--Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Quantify and Confirm the Fentanyl MetaboliteN-[1-(2-Phenethy-4-Piperidinyl)] Maloanilinic Acid in Equine Urine for Doping Control
Authors: You Youwen , Proctor Rachel M , Haughan Joanne , Missanelli Jaclyn R , Robinson Mary A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFentanyl, a powerful synthetic mu opioid receptor agonist, is banned in equine sports by the Association of Racing Commissioners International and the Fédération Équestre Internationale. The presence of fentanyl in equine blood has been confirmed during routine post-race screening for doping substances in the authors’ laboratory. While fentanyl can be detected and confirmed in blood, it is rapidly metabolized, and screening for the metabolite N-[1-(2-phenethy-4-piperidinyl)] maloanilinic acid (PMA) in equine urine is expected to allow for a longer detection time. In this study, a quantitative and confirmatory liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method was developed for PMA analysis in equine urine. PMA was extracted by solid phase extraction, separated on a C18 column and detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive-ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring was used to monitor product ions m/z 188, m/z 281 and m/z 323. The method was validated for extraction recovery, matrix effect, specificity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy, carryover and processed sample stability according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration for bioanalysis. The limits of detection and quantification were 5 and 10 pg/mL, respectively. Linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 10–10,000 pg/mL. To confirm PMA in equine urine, LC retention time, diagnostic product ions (m/z 188, m/z 281 and m/z 323) and product ion ratio were used as the criteria. The lowest concentration for confirmatory analysis was validated at 50 pg/mL. The method was applied to measure the PMA concentrations in equine urine following intravenous administration of fentanyl to a research horse and has confirmed the presence of PMA in post-race urine samples. This method is a valuable addition to the arsenal of equine doping control methods to combat illegal doping and protect racehorse health.
Interview: Claire McKay Bowen
Authors: Bennett Hayley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hayley Bennett interviews Significance’s newest editorial board member, Claire McKay Bowen. A data privacy expert at non-profit, The Urban Institute, a research organisation based in Washington, DC, Claire works on new ways to help people access sensitive data so that it can be used for public good. She’s also the author of Protecting Your Privacy in a Data-Driven World.
Entropy as a Measure of Auditory Environment Diversity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Approach
Authors: Wu Yu-Hsiang , Stangl Elizabeth , Dunn Camille , Oleson Jacob 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To determine the validity and usefulness of entropy computed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data as a measure of auditory environment diversity.

Design:
We conducted two secondary analyses on existing EMA datasets. The first determined the construct validity of auditory environment entropy by examining the effect of COVID-19 on entropy. To demonstrate entropy’s usefulness, the second examined if entropy could predict the benefit of hearing aid (HA) noise reduction features.

Results:
Consistent with the known effect of COVID-19 on social lifestyle, COVID-19 significantly reduced auditory environment diversity, supporting entropy’s construct validity. HA users with higher entropy reported poorer outcomes and perceived more benefit from HA features, supporting the feasibility of using entropy to predict communication performance and feature benefit.

Conclusions:
Entropy derived from EMA data is a valid and useful auditory environment diversity measure. This measure could allow researchers to better understand the communication needs of people with hearing loss.