bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trash to Treasure: Designing Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Plants in West Kutai for Sustainable Development
Authors: Adnan F , Widarti B N , Nugroho S , Aprilia D , Aprilia F , Mutiah D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research aims to design Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Plants in West Kutai, Indonesia, to address the district’s developing population and lack of solid waste management infrastructure. The study used the exponential method to estimate the population of Barong Tongkok, Melak, and West Kutai over the next ten years, which were 48,816, 16,491, and 19,805, respectively. The study also identified suitable locations and budgets for building the Integrated Solid Waste Plants. The results indicate that organic waste remains the major composition of solid waste. The plant’s layout includes designated areas for organic waste, inorganic waste, hazardous materials, and residual waste. This study’s implications highlight the urgent need to establish Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Plants in West Kutai to efficiently manage the district’s solid waste and safeguard public health and environmental sustainability.
From Palm Waste to Profit: Feasibility of Bio-oil Industry in Indonesia’s East Kutai
Authors: Buana G A , Wahyuda  , Sitania F D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a feasibility analysis of establishing a bio-oil industry in East Kutai, Indonesia, using Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as the primary raw material. The study conducted a literature review on the conceptual and practical aspects of bio-oil feasibility analysis and presented a case study of a KEK MBTK. The results indicated that establishing a bio-oil industry in East Kutai is feasible based on the good performance of the marketing aspect and the opportunities created by the EBT Law. Additionally, the technical and technological aspects of raw materials and 40% of machinery needs can produce domestically, and the management and organizational aspects show that the required qualifications can be fulfilled. The financial aspect earned value analysis indicates that establishing a bio-oil industry in East Kutai is feasible. The implication of this study offers insightful theoretical considerations for investors regarding the feasibility study of bio-oil in that location.
Interplay of Knowledge and Behavior in Environmentally Friendly Pest Control: A Study from Bantul, Indonesia
Authors: Suprihanti A , Brotodjojo R , Wirawati T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the correlation between farmers’ knowledge and behavior concerning environmentally friendly pest control in Bantul, Indonesia, a significant rice production area challenged by pest and disease. The objective was to assess the farmers’ understanding and behavior in applying Integrated Pest Control (IPC) techniques, determine the contributing factors to their knowledge level, and ascertain the relationship between knowledge and behavior. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, the research encompassed 120 purposively selected farmers across four districts. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis. The findings indicate that both the knowledge and behavior of farmers regarding IPC were moderately rated. Factors such as farmers’ group activities, workshop participation, individual perceptions, and land size were found to influence the farmers’ knowledge level. Furthermore, a correlation was discerned between farmers’ knowledge and behavior in implementing eco-friendly pest control. The study underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to enhance farmer education and advocacy, as these can influence pest control behavior, ultimately promoting sustainable farming practices.
Intrinsic thermal expansion and tunability of thermal expansion coefficient in Ni-substituted Co2V2O7
Authors: Esteban Erica T B , Garcia Jasmine J , Windover Sophie R , Cooley Joya A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Framework oxide materials are well-known for exhibiting not only negative thermal expansion (NTE), but also demonstrating thermal expansion that can be controlled using composition as a tuning parameter. In this work, we study the intrinsic thermal expansion properties of Co2V2O7, which has shown bulk linear NTE, and attempt to understand how substituting Ni2+ for Co2+ will affect the thermal expansion. The isomorphic solid solution is synthesized through solid-state methods and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction. The size difference between Ni2+ and Co2+ as well as the polyhedral volume of each Co2+ metal coordination environment in the crystal structure allows Ni2+ to partially be directed toward one crystallographic site over the other. Variable temperature synchrotron XRD data are employed to understand intrinsic thermal expansion. Across the solid solution, no intrinsic NTE is observed at the microscopic level, yet a degree of tunability in the thermal expansion coefficient with Ni substitution is demonstrated. The disparities between the intrinsic and bulk thermal expansion properties suggest that a morphological mechanism may have resulted in NTE in the bulk.
Power detection over number fields
Authors: Belabas Karim , Simon Denis 
Published: September 2023

We describe an algorithm that, given an integral ideal

A

\mathfrak {A}

in a number field

K
K

, finds the largest integer

k
⩾
1

k\geqslant 1

such that

A

\mathfrak {A}

is a

k
k

-th power, and at the same time computes the ideal

B

\mathfrak {B}

such that

A

=

B

k

\mathfrak {A} = \mathfrak {B}^k

. This algorithm does not require the complete factorization of

A

\mathfrak {A}

into a product of prime ideals; given the maximal order

Z

K

\mathbb {Z}_K

, we prove that it has polynomial time complexity. We apply this algorithm to the reduction of elements of

K
∗

K^*

modulo

k
k

-th powers.
GOWDL: gene ontology-driven wide and deep learning model for cell typing of scRNA-seq data
Authors: Fiannaca Antonino , La Rosa Massimo , La Paglia Laura , Gaglio Salvatore , Urso Alfonso 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for obtaining genomic and transcriptomic profiles of individual cells. That data make it possible to characterize tissues at the cell level. In this context, one of the main analyses exploiting scRNA-seq data is identifying the cell types within tissue to estimate the quantitative composition of cell populations. Due to the massive amount of available scRNA-seq data, automatic classification approaches for cell typing, based on the most recent deep learning technology, are needed. Here, we present the gene ontology-driven wide and deep learning (GOWDL) model for classifying cell types in several tissues. GOWDL implements a hybrid architecture that considers the functional annotations found in Gene Ontology and the marker genes typical of specific cell types. We performed cross-validation and independent external testing, comparing our algorithm with 12 other state-of-the-art predictors. Classification scores demonstrated that GOWDL reached the best results over five different tissues, except for recall, where we got about 92% versus 97% of the best tool. Finally, we presented a case study on classifying immune cell populations in breast cancer using a hierarchical approach based on GOWDL.
A-021 Comparing the Time Between the 1st and 2nd Troponin in Male and Female Patients in Singapore and Calgary, Alberta: Evidence of Extended Pre-preanalytical Time in Females with Low ACS Risk
Authors: Qiu Y , Aw T , Sadrzadeh H , Cembrowski G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
At the 2022 AACC national meeting, in our assessment of reference change values (RCV) in troponins ordered in Calgary and Singapore, we postulated that there were gender differences in troponin-ordering between the two cities.

Methods
Singapore Changi Hospital ED patients [July 2018–July 2020] and Calgary patients [December 2017–December 2021] had hsTnT measured with the Roche Elecsys assay on multiple, local Cobas e801’s. The first two troponins of each patient were selected if they were ordered within 12 h. The troponin pairs were grouped by city, patient sex and whether the troponin pairs fulfilled the criteria of low likelihood of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) according to city specific guidelines.

Results
The figure compares the average time difference between the first and second troponin test of females and males stratified by the initial troponin value. The paired t-test conducted shows that in Singapore there was no significant difference in the time for females and males to receive a second troponin test while in Calgary the time for females to receive a second troponin test was significantly longer (P &lt; 0.0001) than males.

Conclusion
The significant difference between Calgary females and males in average time between the first and second troponin tests supports the idea that there may be gender specific differences in troponin ordering timing and patterns. 62%–68% of all laboratory errors originate from pre-pre-analytical processes of which timing is a factor. The well documented atypical presentation of myocardial infarction in females may contribute to the delayed second test in women. This timing difference may be a contributor to the RCV variance observed in our previous study which identified gender differences in the assessment of RCV in troponins ordered in Calgary and Singapore.
A-022 Muscle and Cardiac Marker Levels Impact for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Carvalho G C , Carvalho R P , Ramadan D R , Tufik S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
To diagnose cardiac problems, biomarkers such as CK-MB and troponin are effective tools. COVID-19 negatively affects the cardiovascular and muscular systems, potentially causing heart failure and arrhythmias. In addition, COVID-19 can also lead to muscle wasting and muscle weakness and the correlation between CK levels and muscle injury in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is not well studied. Our aim is to study the relationship between serum levels of muscle and cardiac injury markers on the same day as SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.

Methods
Study population and characteristics: This study enrolled an 11-month retrospective analysis from a large laboratory database in the city of São Paulo, Brazil from January 2022 to November 2022, from a specific patient population. Individuals aged 18 or older with available records for markers such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin were selected, including only outpatient results. All individuals in this group, suspected of having COVID-19, underwent SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by RT-PCR at physician’s request. Statistical analysis: The Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results with P &lt; 0.05 were considered significant.

Results
A total of 1109 samples collected through nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed, upon medical request for PCR molecular diagnosis. There were 555 (50.04%) men and 554 (49.96%) women evaluated with a mean age of 60.1 ± 0.54 SEM. Of these, 312 (28.1%) were positive for the virus and 797 (71.9%) were negative. No differences in cardiac markers were observed between the two groups (SARS-CoV-2 positive group compared to non-infected individuals). Significant differences regarding the reduction of CK levels were mainly observed in men compared to women positive for SARS-CoV-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Finally, no differences in CK serum levels were observed when the SARS-CoV-2 group was analyzed by age stratification data for the 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, or 61–90-years old groups.

Conclusion
Identifying a specific group’s fingerprint of injury biomarkers, such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin, at the same time point when individuals are laboratory-confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2, could be valuable for risk management strategies. We recognize the significance of evaluating these biomarkers in populations infected with SARS-CoV-2 and acknowledge the need for follow-up studies.
A-035 Association between Obesity and Prostate Specific Antigen level in Diabetes Mellitus Type2
Authors: Ugwunna O C , Okafor E N , Ugwunna N C , Chukwukelu E E , Eze U A , Uzoigwe S O , Aniogo E C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index commonly used to classify obesity. It is defined as a person’s weight(kg) divided by the square of his height (m). An inverse relationship between obesity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been reported by previous studies with lower PSA levels found in groups with a higher body mass index (BMI). The main objective of this current study is to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and PSA in male patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods
This study uses a case-control experimental procedure to assess adult men between 40–75 years old, attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria. Eighty-six (86) of the volunteers recruited for this study were patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, and sixty (60) others were non-diabetic patients used as controls. Consent was sorted from these patients, and a questionnaire was given to the participants in which data about their age, family history of diabetes, and prostate condition was collected. Their hospital folders were used to confirm their diabetic status and prostate gland health. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated after measuring weight (kg) and height(m). Blood samples were assayed to determine the fasting blood sugar (FBS) using Glucose Oxidase enzymatic method, and total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) concentration was determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Body mass index (BMI), as a “gold standard” approach for obesity classification, was used to group the patients as; underweight (below 18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), pre-obesity (25.0–29.9), obesity class I (30–34.9), obesity class II (35.0–34.9), and obesity class III (40 and above). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to analyze data generated and compared between groups using student T-test. Statistical difference was at a P value of 0.05 or higher.

Results
The result of this study demonstrated a significant difference in the BMI of diabetic men (test) and non-diabetic men (control). Moreso, lower tPSA was observed in obese men compared to normal BMI in both test and control. Hemodilution caused by elevated plasma volume, which may reduce serum concentration of soluble tumor markers, may be responsible for lower PSA levels in obese men.

Conclusion
Obesity may hinder the ability to detect prostate cancer at an earlier stage. Therefore, BMI should be considered while determining a PSA threshold for prostate disorders screening.
A-061 Performance Evaluation of Improved Versions of Norudia GA Reagents that Reduce Negative Interference During Glycated Albumin Measurements
Authors: Park H , Lee B , Kim S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Glycated albumin (glycoalbumin, GA) is a biomarker that represents the glycemic status of a short period. While the Norudia GA assay kit (Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) demonstrated a performance comparative to that of the Lucica GA-L (Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), we have experienced a few cases with extremely low GA levels measured with Norudia GA, inconsistent with the clinical status. Hence, we have evaluated the analytical performance of the improved version of the Norudia GA that claims to have solved the false negative issue.

Methods
Precision and linearity was evaluated following the guidance of the CLSI EP05-A3 and EP06-A, respectively. Comparative study was performed against the Lucica GA-L and the prior version of Norudia GA with respect to the CLSI EP09-A3. Temperature stability of GA was also assessed. Sample stability under 4 °C and −70 °C was evaluated using 7 specimens including 1 false negative specimen. Along with the initial result, the results after 7, 14, and 28 days of storage were evaluated. To verify the current GA reference interval of our institute, samples from 20 healthy controls (10 males and 10 females) were used according to the CLSI EP28-A3C.

Results
Precision analysis showed acceptable results. The ranges of repeatability and within-laboratory CV were 1.5%–2.2% and 3.1%–5.3%, respectively. In the linearity analysis, it was demonstrated that the best fit was first order in the polynomial regression with a slope of 1.040 (95% CI, 1.004–1.075) and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.998. The method comparison with respect to the Lucica GA-L assay and the original version of the Norudia GA assay exhibited a Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) of 0.985 and 0.973, respectively. The Bland-Altman plot revealed that the samples with falsely low results obtained using the original Norudia GA resulted in a higher GA result when measured with the improved version of the Norudia GA. Sample stability revealed that there is a tendency of increasing GA upon storage duration in both 4 °C and −70 °C. Transference of the reference interval was verified. Negative interferences were reduced in the improved version of the Norudia GA.

Conclusion
The new improved version of the Norudia GA assay showed comparable performance in measuring GA as well as reduced interference in samples that had shown false negative results in the original version of the Norudia GA.
A-075 Development and Validation of Image-based Cell Counter Microscanner C3 for CD34-positive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Enumeration
Authors: Lee C , Park I , Yoon S , Lim C , Kwon J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Accurate measurement of CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for successful peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Flow cytometry is by far the gold standard for measuring CD34-positive stem cells. However, its complicated procedure requires time, cost and highly-trained operators, thus the necessity of simpler and cheaper alternative method is emerging. We have developed a new image-based cell counter, Microscanner C3 (MSC3, Biozentech, South Korea) as an alternative method for enumeration of CD34-positive HSCs and evaluated its performance.

Methods
100 µl of apheresis product was stained with CD45-BB515 and CD34-PE antibodies (Becton Dickinson, USA) at room temperature in the dark. Red blood cell lysis with 500 µl of OptiLyze C solution (Beckman Coulter, USA) was followed by centrifugation. After the removal of supernatants, the sample was resuspended with 500 µL PBS, which then infused to filter paper imbedded BZ-1 microchip (Biozentech, South Korea). Thirty-fields of the loaded microchip was auto-scanned by MSC3 and its dedicated software analyzed the images and yielded CD34-positive cell fraction out of CD45-positive cells as percentage. Results of thirty-six samples were compared to that of FacsLyric (Beckton Dickinson, USA) flow cytometry and accuracy and imprecision (pentaplicate measurements for three samples), repeatability (two experimenters performed triplicate measurements for three samples each), linearity (triplicate measurements for five levels), limit of detection (hexaplicate measurements for five levels) and specificity (using whole blood specimen from three donors with monoclonal gammopathy, thrombocytosis or monocytosis) was evaluated.

Results
CV% values of inaccuracy, imprecision and repeatability did not exceed 15%. The method was found to be linear across the measuring range. LOD was evaluated to be 7 cells/µL and no background interference was detected. The difference between the measured fraction of MSC3 and FacsLyric was within allowable limit, with an R-value greater than 0.98.

Conclusion
We developed a reliable method for quantifying CD34-positive HSCs based on image analysis. The limitation involved in MSC3 applications in CD34-positive HSCs is that, like dual-platform flow cytometry, the results should be combined with the results of conventional hematology analyzer in order to define absolute HSC numbers. However, with its simpler and faster procedures, MSC3 exhibited a great potential to be used as an alternative to conventional flow cytometry in CD34-positive HSCs enumeration and other applications as well.
A-076 Abbott Alinity ci System Automated Sample Interference Indices for Immunoassays
Authors: Berman M , Anderson M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The Alinity ci system Sample Interference Indices (HIL) provides a more accurate and consistent method for interpretation of interferents than time consuming visual interpretation. The Alinity c system uses specific wavelength pairs and an algorithm to provide a Sample Interference Index that can correlate with sample interference due to hemolysis, bilirubin and turbidity present in serum/plasma samples. Using just a single aspiration from a sample, the individual or all 3 indices can be selected to be reported. These values in combination with assay specific endogenous interference can be used to determine the potential for HIL interference in the Alinity i immunoassays.

Methods
The HIL methodology will be reviewed and discussed. The study followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol EP7-A2. Interferences were studied up to concentrations of 1000 mg/dL for hemoglobin, 30 mg/dL for bilirubin (unconjugated) and 1000 mg/dL for triglycerides in serum. Serial dilutions of the sample pools were analyzed in replicates of 4 on the Alinity c system. A cumulative summary was compiled of the Hemolysis, Icterus and Lipemia indices for 100 Alinity immunoassays.

Results
Using known concentrations of hemoglobin, bilirubin and Intralipid, the Abbott Semi-Quantitative Index (concentration range in mg/dL) and Qualitative Index (Blank, 1+, 2+, 3+ 4+) were confirmed on the Alinity c system. Correlation studies show a linear relationship (r = 1.0) of the indices with increasing concentration of analyte. An easy-to-use guide was created that combines the HIL Qualitative and Quantitative Index scores with the assay specific interference results to provide a guide to potential interferents for the Alinity i immunoassays. This guide provides background information on the causes of HIL interferences, conversion factors from Conventional to SI units and denotes the specific concentrations of interferents which could lead to an over or under estimation in the presence of hemoglobin, bilirubin and/or lipemia. In addition, the effects of the influence of two or more HIL interferents on assay reported results is discussed. The majority (96%) of the 100 immunoassays had no significant interference using samples with elevated H, I or L index values. The remaining 3 assays showed slight interference.

Conclusion
The Alinity ci system provides a simple and automated procedure for determining the sample indices (HIL) for patient specimens. These HIL values in combination with assay specific endogenous interference results can be used to determine the potential for HIL interference in the Alinity i immunoassays to avoid misdiagnosis.