bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cilostazol attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in the quadriceps muscle of the dystrophic mouse experimental model
Authors: Hermes Túlio de Almeida , Mâncio Rafael Dias , Mizobutti Daniela Sayuri , Macedo Aline Barbosa , Kido Larissa Akemi , Cagnon Quitete Valéria Helena Alves , Minatel Elaine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe and frequent form of muscular dystrophy. The mdx mouse is one of the most widely used experimental models to understand aspects of the biology of dystrophic skeletal muscles and the mechanisms of DMD. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are present in early stages of the disease in mdx mice. The high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes activation of apoptotic death regulatory proteins due to DNA damage and breakdown of nuclear and mitochondrial membranes. The quadriceps (QUA) muscle of the mdx mouse is a good tool to study oxidative events. Previous studies have demonstrated that cilostazol exerts an anti‐oxidant effect by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of cilostazol to modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in the QUA muscle of mdx mice. Fourteen‐day‐old mdx mice received cilostazol or saline for 14 days. C57BL/10 mice were used as a control. In the QUA muscle of mdx mice, cilostazol treatment decreased ROS production (−74%), the number of lipofuscin granules (−47%), lipid peroxidation (−11%), and the number of apoptotic cells (−66%). Thus cilostazol showed anti‐oxidant and anti‐apoptotic action in the QUA muscle of mdx mice.
Bioactive compounds characterisation of PeruvianDysphania ambrosioides(L.) Mosyakin & Clemants leaves byGC/MSandUPLC–ESI–Q/TOF–MSntechniques
Authors: Figueroa‐Merma Andrés , Chirinos Rosana , García‐Rios Diego , Pedreschi Romina , Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , Campos David 
Published: December 2022

SummarySome bioactive compounds in paico (Dysphania ambrosioides)leaves were characterised. By LC–MS/MS‐QToF, 20 polyphenols were found: vanillic acid, onep‐coumaroyl‐hexoside acid derivative, three quercetin‐rhamnoside derivatives, one quercetin derivative, two kaempferol acetyl‐furanoside‐rhamnoside derivatives and twelve kaempferol‐rhamnoside derivatives. The content of total phenolic compounds was 645.11 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) of which the highest content corresponded to kaempferol glycosides. Likewise, in the analysis of terpenes, α‐terpinene, limonene,p‐cymene, thymol, γ‐terpinene, carvacrol, isoascaridol and α‐pinene were found in amounts of 1489.65; 313.1; 104.8; 49.4; 45.1; 22.9; 8.19 and 4.32 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Analysis of lipophilic metabolites reported fatty acids in order of importance: linoleic = linolenic > palmitic > oleic (35.8; 35.4; 26.3 and 2.5%, respectively). α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols were found in amounts of 28.78, 7.19, 7.96 and 3.27 μg g−1, respectively. It is concluded that paico leaves of Peruvian origin present a varied source of bioactive compounds with potential applications for the pharmaceutical and food industry.
Impact of functional impairment and cognitive status on perioperative outcomes and costs after radical cystectomy: The role of Barthel Index
Authors: Tafuri Alessandro , Panunzio Andrea , Gozzo Alessandra , Ornaghi Paola Irene , Di Filippo Giacomo , Mazzucato Giovanni , Soldano Antonio , De Maria Nicola , Cianflone Francesco , Artibani Walter , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Pagliarulo Vincenzo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between Barthel Index (BI), which measures level of patients independence during daily living activities (ADL), and perioperative outcomes in a large cohort of consecutive bladder cancer (BCa) patients, who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) at a tertiary referral center.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated data from clinically nonmetastatic BCa patients treated with RC between 2015 and 2022. For each patient, BI was assessed preoperatively. According to BI score, patients were divided into three groups: ≤60 (total/severe dependency) vs. 65–90 (moderate dependency) vs. 95–100 (slight dependency/independency). Regression analyses tested the association between BI score and major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo >2), length of in‐hospital stay (LOHS), 90‐days readmission, and total costs.ResultsOverall, 288 patients were included. According to BI score, the patient cohort was distributed as follows: 4% (n = 11) BI ≤60 vs. 15% (n = 42) BI 65–90 vs. 81% (n = 235) BI 95–100. Patients with BI ≤60 had more frequent ureterocutaneostomy performed, shorter operative time, higher rates of postoperative complications, longer LOHS, higher rates of readmission, and were associated with higher total costs, compared to patients with BI 65–90 and 95–100. In multivariable regression models, BI ≤60 remained an independent predictor of increased risk of major postoperative complications (odds ratio: 6.62, p = 0.006), longer LOHS (rate ratio: 1.25, p < 0.001), and higher costs (β: 2.617, p = 0.038).ConclusionsTotal/severe dependency in ADL assessed by BI was associated with higher rates of major postoperative complications, longer hospitalization, and higher costs in BCa patients treated with RC. BI assessment should be considered during patients selection process and counseling before surgery.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: clinical presentations and management challenges in the Australian context
Authors: Swarup Oshi , Barker James L. , Watson Rosie , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C. V. , Yassi Nawaf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease with several clinical manifestations. It is characterised by amyloid‐beta deposition in cerebral blood vessels, making them prone to bleeding. The incidence of CAA increases with age and may be associated or co‐exist with intraparenchymal neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which makes it an increasingly relevant condition for adult physicians in all areas of medical practice. The vast majority of cases of CAA are sporadic with a small minority of familial cases. CAA is asymptomatic in many older adults but increases the risk of fatal intracerebral or subarachnoid haemorrhage. We review the existing literature on CAA and summarise the key findings. We specifically explore clinical challenges relevant to CAA, particularly in diagnosis, management of intracranial haemorrhage and management of concurrent medical conditions.
Clinical significance of incidental 18FDG PET uptake in the gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gilhotra Rajit A. , Song Lisa , Remedios Matthew , Malacova Eva , Appleyard Mark , Ryan Kimberley , Grimpen Florian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncidental gastrointestinal tract (GIT) uptake is found in up to 6.3% of patients undergoing positron emission tomography (PET). This may be physiologic or pathologic and requires endoscopic assessment.AimTo determine the diagnostic yield of endoscopy in this setting and characterise PET avidity as a predictor of clinically significant findings.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients undergoing upper endoscopy or colonoscopy for incidental 18FDG PET positivity in the GIT.ResultsA total of 255 patients (62% male, median age 67 years) underwent colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy for 276 separate areas of PET avidity in the colon. Malignancy was found in 44 cases (16%), and a significant polyp was found in an additional 103 cases (37%). Neoplastic change was found more often in the case of intense compared with non‐intense PET avidity (odds ratio (OR) 3.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95–5.93, P < 0.001), and in focal compared with diffuse uptake (OR 5.97, 95% CI 2.9–12.2, P < 0.001). Upper GIT endoscopy was performed in 75 patients (46 male, median age 63 years) for 77 isolated areas with PET avidity. Malignancy was found in 16 cases (21%), and all were new primary lesions. Numerically, malignant findings were more common in intense (29.7%) than non‐intense (12.5%) PET avidity (OR 2.96, 95%, CI 0.92–9.57, P = 0.069).ConclusionsBoth focal and intense colonic 18FDG uptake correlate strongly with a high‐risk polyp or malignant lesion. Up to 21% of all gastroscopies performed for evaluation of incidental PET uptake diagnosed a new primary malignancy. These referrals need appropriate triaging and timely endoscopic assessment.
Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO2–Al2O3: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses
Authors: Wilke Stephen K. , Benmore Chris J. , Menon Vrishank , Ilavsky Jan , Rezikyan Aram , Youngman Randall E. , Carson Michael P. , Weber Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling liquid–liquid phase separation in aluminosilicates is crucial for optimizing glass properties. However, the metastable nature of aluminosilicates’ phase separation has made it difficult to study experimentally, and uncertainty persists regarding the compositional and temperature extents of the miscibility gap. Here, we present new experimental evidence that suggests a consolute temperature between 1440 and 1590°C and endmember compositions of 7 and 62 mol.% Al2O3 for the phase‐separated glasses. Using containerless melt processing, deeply supercooled liquids over the 0–60 mol.% Al2O3 range are probed with in situ small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, which simultaneously reveals changes in nanoscale density heterogeneity and atomic structure. Correlations between phase separation and atomic coordination environments are compared for liquids and glasses. Pair distribution function analysis shows mean O–(Si + Al) coordination increases with Al2O3 content and decreases with temperature.
Out of the tropics: Macroevolutionary size trends in an old insect order are shaped by temperature and predators
Authors: Svensson Erik I. , Gómez‐Llano Miguel , Waller John T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimGlobal interspecific body size distributions have been suggested to be shaped by selection pressures arising from biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, predation and parasitism. Here, we investigated the ecological and evolutionary drivers of global latitudinal size gradients in an old insect order.LocationGlobal.TaxonOdonata (dragonflies and damselflies).MethodsWe compiled data on interspecific variation in extant and extinct body sizes of Odonata, using an already existing database (The Odonate Phenotypic Database) and fossil data (The Paleobiology Database). We combined such body size data with latitudinal information and data on biotic and abiotic environmental variables across the globe to investigate and quantify interspecific latitudinal size‐gradients (“Bergmann's Rule”) and their environmental determinants. We used phylogenetic comparative methods and a global published phylogeny of Odonata to address these questions.ResultsPhylogenetic comparative analyses revealed that global size variation of extant Odonata taxa is negatively influenced by both regional avian diversity and temperature, with larger‐bodied species in the suborder Anisoptera (dragonflies) showing a steeper size‐latitude relationship than smaller‐bodied species in the suborder Zygoptera (damselflies). Interestingly, fossil data show that the relationship between wing size and latitude has shifted: latitudinal size trends had initially negative slopes but became shallower or positive following the evolutionary emergence and radiation of birds.Main ConclusionsThe changing size‐latitude trends over geological and macroevolutionary time were likely driven by a combination of predation from birds and maybe pterosaurs and high dispersal ability of large dragonflies. Our study reveals that a simple version of Bergmann's Rule based on temperature alone is not sufficient to explain interspecific size‐latitude trends in Odonata. Our results instead suggest that latitudinal size gradients were shaped not only by temperature but also by avian predators, potentially driving the dispersal of large‐sized clades out of the tropics and into the temperate zone.
Drivers of contemporary lacustrine fish species richness in the glacial Lake Agassiz basin
Authors: Illyes Edina , Campbell Sara E. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimBiological communities are the result of a stepwise spatiotemporal filtering process, driven by large‐scale historical and local contemporary determinants. The biogeographical pattern and species richness of North American fishes are predominantly determined by historical processes of past glaciations and postglacial dispersal and by contemporary environmental and ecological processes. We evaluated the effects of postglacial dispersal through glacial Lake Agassiz and habitat heterogeneity, represented by lake surface area, on contemporary freshwater fish species richness patterns of northwestern Ontario lakes.LocationNorthwestern Ontario, Canada.TaxonFreshwater fishes.MethodsApplying the theory of island biogeography and species–area curves, we examined the effects of isolation from the past dispersal corridor of glacial Lake Agassiz and habitat heterogeneity on species richness across 264 contemporary lakes. While controlling for correlations among the predictor variables, generalized linear models were constructed between species richness, as the response variable and the explanatory variables of lake elevation and surface area, and connection to the dispersal corridor.ResultsDifferential cover by glacial Lake Agassiz led to variation in fish species richness across contemporary lakes and it is higher in lakes that were covered by Lake Agassiz relative to basins remaining outside of the boundaries of the glacial lake. Lake surface area is the strongest predictor of species richness, while lake elevation is the strongest factor predicting isolation.Main ConclusionsHabitat heterogeneity and postglacial colonization have led to differences in fish richness within the same geographical region, which increases with lake surface area and decreases with elevation. These are likely driven by greater niche diversity facilitating the assembly of more diverse communities and isostatic rebound and fluctuating levels of Lake Agassiz isolating lakes at high elevations from the dispersal route earlier during the colonization process, respectively. These patterns underscore the importance of incorporating historical and environmental community determinants in biodiversity studies.
Genomic assessment of larval odyssey: self‐recruitment and biased settlement in the Hawaiian surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis
Authors: Coleman Richard R. , Kraft Derek W. , Hoban Mykle L. , Toonen Robert J. , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gap between spawning and settlement location of marine fishes, where the larvae occupy an oceanic phase, is a great mystery in both natural history and conservation. Recent genomic approaches provide some resolution, especially in linking parent to offspring with assays of nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, the authors applied this method to the endemic Hawaiian convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis), a surgeonfish with a long pelagic larval stage of c. 54–77 days. They collected 606 adults and 607 juveniles from 23 locations around the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. Based on 399 single nucleotide polymorphisms, the authors assigned 68 of these juveniles back to a parent (11.2% assignment rate). Each side of the island showed significant population differentiation, with higher levels in the west and north. The west and north sides of the island also had little evidence of recruitment, which may be due to westerly currents in the region or an artefact of uneven sampling. In contrast, the majority of juveniles (94%) sampled along the eastern shore originated on that side of the island, primarily within semi‐enclosed Kāneʻohe Bay. Nearly half of the juveniles assigned to parents were found in the southern part of Kāneʻohe Bay, with local settlement likely facilitated by extended water residence time. Several instances of self‐recruitment, when juveniles return to their natal location, were observed along the eastern and southern shores. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that most dispersal is between adjacent regions on the eastern and southern shores. Regional management efforts for Acanthurus triostegus and possibly other reef fishes will be effective only with collaboration among adjacent coastal communities, consistent with the traditional moku system of native Hawaiian resource management.
Evaluation of low impact development for resilient capacity in urban area with flood resilience index
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Shun , Ho Hao‐Che , Huang Li‐Ya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLow impact development (LID) is a common approach to storm water management aimed at mitigating the impact of flooding in urban areas. Most previous studies on this topic focused solely on the qualitative assessment of urban resilience. The lack of operational or quantitative resilience indicators has made it difficult to elucidate the degree to which LID affects resilience to flooding. This study established a quantitative flood resilience index (FRI) to assess the resilience of specific locations to flooding. We then used a 3Di hydrodynamic model to simulate time‐variant inundation conditions under an extreme weather event (799 mm in 72 h) in Tainan, Taiwan. Physical and socioeconomic factors were identified as the important factors in calculating the FRI in areas affected by LID. Our results revealed that LID can reduce inundation area and depth during short‐duration (sub‐daily) rainfall events; however, its effectiveness in reducing the effects of flooding during long‐duration (>1 day) events is negligible. Nonetheless, LID could enhance urban resilience to flooding by reducing the duration of flooding events and thereby making it possible to initiate recovery efforts earlier.
Population Aging and International Monetary Transmission
Authors: KIM MYUNGHYUN 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines whether U.S. monetary policy has different effects on young and old countries. I first empirically show that a contractionary U.S. monetary policy shock brings about a smaller fall in output and a greater rise in net exports in old countries using vector autoregressions (VARs), and that the shock leads to a larger fall in consumption and a smaller decrease in investment in old countries using the local projection method. I then construct a three‐country life‐cycle model including the U.S., a young country, and an old country. Consistent with the empirical analyses, the simulation results of the model show that a contractionary U.S. monetary policy shock has weaker effects on output in the old country than in the young country. In response to the shock, despite a larger fall in consumption in the old country, investment there decreases by less and net exports rise by more, which enables output in the old country to decline by less. The stronger incentives to save in the old country, resulting from the longer life expectancy and hence the longer retirement period, play a key role in generating these results.
Anxiety and Psychological Flexibility in Women After Childbirth in the Rooming‐in Unit during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Prokopowicz Anna , Stańczykiewicz Bartłomiej , Uchmanowicz Izabella 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has intensified perinatal anxiety disorders. Psychological flexibility (PF), considered a specific mental toughness, has not been examined with regard to its relationship with anxiety in women after childbirth. We aimed to compare levels of anxiety, PF, and pain in women depending on the mode of birth, parity, and the magnitude of risk of developing an anxiety disorder. We also investigated the association of anxiety with PF and pain.MethodsA total of 187 women after childbirth completed validated questionnaires for anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety, Numerical Rating Scale for anxiety [NRS‐A]), PF, and pain (Numerical Rating Scale for pain). Specific postpartum anxieties were assessed with a numerical scale from 0 to 10. The relationship of anxiety with PF and pain was examined. Women at low and high risk of developing anxiety disorder were compared in terms of PF, anxiety, and pain.ResultsOn the second postpartum day, women after cesarean birth demonstrated significantly greater anxiety on NRS‐A and pain than those after vaginal birth. Primiparous women experienced significantly greater anxieties and pain compared to multiparous women. The higher the PF patients demonstrated, the less anxiety and pain they had. Patients at high risk of developing an anxiety disorder had a lower level of PF (P < .001) and higher levels of anxiety (P < .001) and pain (P < .01) than patients at low risk of developing an anxiety disorder. No difference in the anxiety of getting COVID‐19 was observed between the groups (P > .05).ConclusionsPF is an important psychological construct related to the mental and physical condition of women after childbirth. Increasing PF in women after childbirth may be considered as an important goal of preventive and intervention measures.
Adequate Prenatal Care: An Integrative Review
Authors: Michel Alexandra , Fontenot Holly 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPrenatal care (PNC) is a core element of preventive care and is vital in identifying and managing conditions that can put the pregnant person and the fetus at risk. National and international guidelines differ in what is considered adequate or quality PNC. Indices of care adequacy rely only on number of attended PNC visits without regard to factors that affect a patient's ability to obtain care or the quality of the care received. This integrative review explored stakeholders’ perceptions of adequate and quality PNC.MethodsThree electronic databases, CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched to identify original research articles published between 2012 and April 2022. Studies conducted in the United States, published in a peer‐reviewed journal, and having a primary focus on the components of adequate or quality PNC were included. The quality of included studies was assessed via the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs.ResultsThirteen articles met inclusion criteria. The concepts of adequate or quality PNC were not well defined in the literature. Studies revealed a variety of approaches to assessing individual components of PNC with at times conflicting results of what adequate or quality PNC is. Viewpoints regarding adequacy or quality of PNC were limited by the perceptions and interpretations of individual stakeholders, who included researchers, public health officials, insurers, health care providers, and patients.DiscussionIdeas of how to redesign PNC were affected by study setting and stakeholders, as well as the emergence and integration of telehealth into PNC delivery. This review is a first step in identifying the gap in the research literature regarding how these concepts are defined and measured. Future research is needed to identify the relevant components of PNC that are necessary to reach consensus definitions of both adequacy and quality of PNC.