bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of proper impurity doping and annealing conditions for solution processed Ga2O3 thin films
Authors: Momota Akihiro , Shibahara Takuya , Li ChenYiZhan , Ohtani Naoki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigated a method to improve the resistivity of Ga2O3 thin films using a wet-process and controlling the Sn-doping conditions. Undoped and Sn-doped single layer Ga2O3 thin films were prepared by changing the solution concentration, the annealing time, the rate of temperature rise, and the speed of the sample rotation in spin coating during deposition. As a result, the films were deposited uniformly with good crystallinity and transmittance and relatively small surface roughness. To improve the resistivity by another Sn-doping method, we prepared bilayer samples consisting of undoped Ga2O3 and SnO2 layers in which Sn atoms can diffuse into the Ga2O3 layer through annealing, i.e. the drive-in diffusion method. Although the changed resistivity, X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscope, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy measurements revealed that Al diffused from the sapphire substrate, indicating a mixed β-(Ga,Al)2O3 was prepared. By changing the annealing temperature to 800 °C, Al diffusion was suppressed and pure Ga2O3 thin films were prepared. After investigating various conditions of the annealing atmosphere, we found that samples annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere for both Ga2O3 and SnO2 showed the lowest resistivity.
Exciton dynamics of a fused ring π-conjugated nonfullerene molecule based on dithienonaphthobisthiadiazole
Authors: Sato Yuki , Mikie Tsubasa , Yamada Hiroya , Osaka Itaru , Ohkita Hideo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Herein, we have studied the exciton dynamics of a novel fused ring π-conjugated molecule (YS3) in solution and film states by spectroscopic measurements. This molecule incorporates dithienonaphthobisthiadiazole as a core unit that is a two-dimensionally π-extended fused ring. As a result, we found a long exciton lifetime in YS3 films originating from reduced radiative and nonradiative transitions. This is partly because radiative deactivation is effectively suppressed because of the dipole-forbidden transition in H-aggregates and partly because rotational deactivation is effectively suppressed in the crystalline film state.
Fabrication of inverted planar perovskite solar cells using the iodine/ethanol solution method for copper iodide as a hole transport layer
Authors: Mahdy Belal , Isomura Masao , Kaneko Tetsuya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Copper iodide (CuI) is under extensive research due to its low cost, easy fabrication process, and wide bandgap. This research includes the fabrication of perovskite solar cells using the p–i–n structure (inverted structure) with a focus on the hole transport layer (HTL) layer. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of using CuI as a HTL in perovskite solar cells using the iodine/ethanol solution method. Using the iodine/ethanol solution for preparing the CuI, a power conversion efficiency of 0.76%, a short-circuit current density of 4.56 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.494 V as well as a fill factor of 0.34 were obtained. The overall performance of the solar cell still requires much improvement. We have successfully deposited the CuI using RF magnetron sputtering and the iodine/ethanol solution method and understand that the low performance of the device is mainly due to the voids and gaps present within the CuI layer.
Evaluation of Acute Drug Intoxications and Drug Use in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective, Single-Center Analysis
Authors: ARSLAN Kadir , ŞAHİN Ayça Sultan 
Published: March 2023

Aim: Drug intoxications and drug uses are public health problems and an important reason for patient admission to emergency departments and intensive care units (ICU).This study aims to evaluate the demographic and clinical data of acute drug intoxications and drug use.
Methods: Patients followed up in the ICU for acute drug intoxications and drug use between January 2014 and January 2020 were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: A total of 194 patients were included in the study, including 168 drug intoxication and 26 drug use. While 59.5% of drug intoxications were female, the mean age was 27.8±8.3 years, 92.3% of drug use was male, and the mean age was 26.5±3.8 years. While the mean duration of stay in the ICU was 2.3±1.2 days for drug intoxications, it was 2.8±1.9 days for drug use. The highest rate of drug intoxication was between the ages of 17-30, and 98.8% of them were suicidal. Most of the intoxications (61.9%) occurred with multiple drugs, most commonly with analgesics (40.4%) and antidepressants (34.5%). The mortality rate of drug intoxication was 0.6%, and the mortality rate of drug users was 11.5%. While male gender and mechanical ventilation (Mv) requirement were significantly higher in drug use, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores at discharge and hospitalization were significantly lower (p
APPLICATION OF THE ENERGY METHOD FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION OF PIPELINE LIFE IN THE PRESENCE OF A MACRODEFECT
Authors: Малинин В.Г. , Савич В.Л. , Отев К.С. 
Published: March 2023

Исследуется осевое растяжение плоских стальных образцов с искусственными дефектами продольной и поперечной ориентации относительно центральной оси растяжения. Выполняется анализ теоретико-экспериментальных исследований энергетическим методом обработки диаграмм испытаний на растяжение изделий. Дается обоснование выбора коэффициентов для диагностики изделия и определения его слабых мест при анализе напряжённо-деформированного состояния.
Axial tension of flat steel specimens with artificial defects of longitudinal and transverse orientation relative to the central axis of tension is investigated. The analysis of theoretical and experimental studies by the energy method of processing diagrams of tensile tests of products is carried out. The substantiation of the choice of coefficients for the diagnostics of the product and the determination of its weak points in the analysis of the stress-strain state is given.
Perception of Environmental Sanitation and Communication Practice in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwaerema P , Ikoro J. N. , Fred-Nwagwu W. F. , Jiya S. N. , Oye I. , Dangana K. , Adama C.K. 
Published: March 2023

This study examined perception of environmental sanitation and communication practice in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used multi-stage cluster sampling technique and respondents’ participatory interview. The study administered 400 questionnaires in the study area. The respondents’ participatory interview and questionnaires were administered in three clusters of the Diobu area, Government Residential Area (GRA) and other residential areas. Findings of the study showed that the respondents understood that environmental sanitation is a practice of keeping the surrounding of man clean (34% agree and 61.5% strongly agree). The stakeholders’ response showed that their level of communicating environmental sanitation was majorly through radio, television and print media. The highest communication medium for environmental sanitation in the Port Harcourt was by radio (38.25% agree and 54.5% strongly agree). The television was adequately utilized to communicate environmental sanitation (38.75% agree and 50.75% strongly agree). The stakeholders were of the perception that government participated more in communicating environmental sanitation (34.5% agree and 35.5% strongly agreed). On the relationship of environmental sanitation occurrence and communication to stakeholders, the Chi-square test showed a table value of 37.12 and calculated value of 1.6962 indicating that the calculated value was lesser than the table value. This proved that environmental sanitation was not significantly communicated to the Port Harcourt city dwellers. This study, therefore, recommended that the government and policy makers should actively utilize the local and national media to communicate environmental sanitation in Port Harcourt, Rivers State of Nigeria.
Efficient Energy Conversion through Vortex Arrays in the Turbulent Magnetosheath
Authors: Hou Chuanpeng , He Jiansen , Duan Die , Zhu Xingyu , Li Wenya , Verscharen Daniel , Liu Terry , Wang Tieyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Turbulence is often enhanced when transmitted through a collisionless plasma shock. We investigate how the enhanced turbulent energy in the Earth's magnetosheath effectively dissipates via vortex arrays. This research topic is of great importance as it relates to particle energization at astrophysical shocks across the universe. Wave modes and intermittent coherent structures are the key candidate mechanisms for energy conversion in turbulent plasmas. Here, by comparing in-situ measurements in the Earth's magnetosheath with a theoretical model, we find the existence of vortex arrays at the transition between the downstream regions of the Earth's bow shock. Vortex arrays consist of quasi-orthogonal kinetic waves and exhibit both high volumetric filling factors and strong local energy conversion, thereby showing a greater dissipative energization than traditional waves and coherent structures. Therefore, we propose that vortex arrays are a promising mechanism for efficient energy conversion in the sheath regions downstream of astrophysical shocks.
Prospects of Detecting Nonthermal Protons in Solar Flares via Lyman Line Spectroscopy: Revisiting the Orrall–Zirker Effect
Authors: Kerr Graham S. , Allred Joel C. , Kowalski Adam F. , Milligan Ryan O. , Hudson Hugh S. , Prado Natalia Zambrana , Kucera Therese A. , Brosius Jeffrey W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Solar flares are efficient particle accelerators, with a substantial fraction of the energy released manifesting as nonthermal particles. While the role that nonthermal electrons play in transporting flare energy is well studied, the properties and importance of nonthermal protons are rather less well understood. This is in large part due to the paucity of diagnostics, particularly at the lower-energy (deka-keV) range of nonthermal proton distributions in flares. One means to identify the presence of deka-keV protons is by an effect originally described by Orrall & Zirker. In the Orrall–Zirker effect, nonthermal protons interact with ambient neutral hydrogen, and via charge exchange produce a population of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the chromosphere. These ENAs subsequently produce an extremely redshifted photon in the red wings of hydrogen spectral lines. We revisit predictions of the strength of this effect using modern interaction cross sections, and numerical models capable of self-consistently simulating the flaring nonequilibrium ionization stratification, and the nonthermal proton distribution (and, crucially, their feedback on each other). We synthesize both the thermal and nonthermal emission from Ly α and Ly β, the most promising lines that may exhibit a detectable signal. These new predictions are weaker and more transient than prior estimates, but the effects should be detectable in fortuitous circumstances. We degrade the Ly β emission to the resolution of the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) instrument on board Solar Orbiter, demonstrating that though likely difficult, it should be possible to detect the presence of nonthermal protons in flares observed by SPICE.
Transdisciplinarité « forte » en Anthropocène : retour d’expérience d’un dialogue croisé entre sciences sociales et modélisation
Authors: Delannoy Louis , Palle Angélique , Rebière Noémie , Andrieu Baptiste 
Published: March 2023

En établissant une causalité entre les activités des sociétés humaines et la transformation des phénomènes biophysiques globaux, la notion d’Anthropocène a imposé des approches systémiques et transdisciplinaires, seules à même de saisir l’ampleur des enjeux soulevés. Le dialogue proposé par cet article s’inscrit dans la lignée de ces travaux récents. Il rassemble deux collectifs de jeunes chercheurs, l’un en sciences sociales, l’autre en sciences de la modélisation qui, à travers une interaction croisée, explorent les défis pratiques de l’analyse des risques systémiques globaux. Les échanges tenus soulignent les apports mutuels des sciences dures et sociales et illustrent la pertinence de la modélisation pour tester ou valider des trajectoires de transition écologique, tout en exposant ses propres limites épistémologiques et méthodologiques. Enfin, ce dialogue étend la notion de transdisciplinarité « forte », dans laquelle les interactions entre disciplines auraient lieu à chaque étape du processus de création scientifique, en opposition à une transdisciplinarité « faible », où les échanges seraient cloisonnés à certains temps précis.
Regulation and Immunotherapeutic Targeting of the Epigenome in Exhausted CD8 T Cell Responses
Authors: Ford B Rhodes , Poholek Amanda C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Exhaustion is a state of CD8 T cell differentiation that occurs in settings of chronic Ag such as tumors, chronic viral infection, and autoimmunity. Cellular differentiation is driven by a series of environmental signals that promote epigenetic landscapes that set transcriptomes needed for function. For CD8 T cells, the epigenome that underlies exhaustion is distinct from effector and memory cell differentiation, suggesting that signals early on set in motion a process where the epigenome is modified to promote a trajectory toward a dysfunctional state. Although we know many signals that promote exhaustion, putting this in the context of the epigenetic changes that occur during differentiation has been less clear. In this review, we aim to summarize the epigenetic changes associated with exhaustion in the context of signals that promote it, highlighting immunotherapeutic studies that support these observations or areas for future therapeutic opportunities.
Validation and Refinement of Two Interpretable Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prognosis Prediction
Authors: Chang Kai , Jia Ting , Zhou Ya-Na , Shu Zi-Xin , Liu Ji-Fen , Sun Jing , Zheng Qi-Guang , Tian Hao-Yu , Xia Jia-Nan , Yang Kuo , Wang Ning , Sun Hai-Long , Wang Xin-Yan , Yan Deng-Ying , Clark Taane G , Liu Bao-Yan , Li Xiao-Dong , Peng Yong-Hong , Zhou Xue-Zhong 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To validate two proposed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis models, analyze the characteristics of different models, consider the performance of models in predicting different outcomes, and provide new insights into the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) predictive models in clinical decision-making for COVID-19 and other diseases.

Materials and Methods:
We compared two proposed prediction models for COVID-19 prognosis that use a decision tree and logistic regression modeling. We evaluated the effectiveness of different model-building strategies using laboratory tests and/or clinical record data, their sensitivity and robustness to the timings of records used and the presence of missing data, and their predictive performance and capabilities in single-site and multicenter settings.

Results:
The predictive accuracies of the two models after retraining were improved to 93.2% and 93.9%, compared with that of the models directly used, with accuracies of 84.3% and 87.9%, indicating that the prediction models could not be used directly and require retraining based on actual data. In addition, based on the prediction model, new features obtained by model comparison and literature evidence were transferred to integrate the new models with better performance.

Conclusions:
Comparing the characteristics and differences of datasets used in model training, effective model verification, and a fusion of models is necessary in improving the performance of AI models.
Diagnostic Utility of Gram Stain for Oral Smears – A Review
Authors: Vijayakumar Tharani , Divya Bose , Vasanthi V. , Narayan Madhu , Kumar Annasamy Ramesh , Krishnan Rajkumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For rapid and successful treatment of infectious diseases, detection of the presence of microorganisms is essential. Traditional culture-based approaches are limiting and time consuming for microbial identification. The most popular staining technique for identifying Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms in various tissues is called Gram staining. This method is utilized in both clinical practice and research. Gram staining of the oral smears is the preliminary step in the identification of any pathological shift in normal oral microbiota. This review discusses the principle of gram stain emphasizing its significance in diagnostic utility for oral smears.
Comparative Evaluation of Buccal Exfoliated Cells in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Controls: A Cytomorphometric Analysis
Authors: Kumar H. Nanda , Divya Bose , Kumar Annasamy Ramesh , Narayan Madhu , Vasanthi V. , Ramadoss Ramya , Chandrasekar Muthulakshmi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is the third most frequent cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Patients with diabetes exhibit a variety of oral symptoms, and hence the early detection of this condition can be addressed by a dentist.

Aim:
The current study aimed to study the cytomorphometric alterations of buccal exfoliated cells in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus.

Methodology:
The study included thirty diabetics and thirty healthy controls. The smears were obtained from the buccal mucosa and stained with Papanicolaou stain and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The presence of inflammatory cells, microbial carriage, nuclear enlargement, and perinuclear halo and binucleation were examined on the slides. Cellular and nuclear parameters were quantitatively measured using Image J software. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, and the Student’s t-test was employed.

Results:
No inflammatory cells or microbes were observed in Group I individuals; however, the perinuclear halo was observed in 16.6% and binucleated cells in 3.3% of the controls. Inflammatory cells, consisting mainly of neutrophils and lymphocytes were seen in 40%, microbial carriage in 26.6%, perinuclear halo in 73.3%, and binucleated cells in 36.6% of the diabetic patients. The mean nuclear diameter, area, and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio were significantly high in diabetic patients when compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion:
Oral exfoliated mucosal cells of patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit distinct cytomorphometric alterations such as increased nuclear diameter, nuclear area, and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Renoprotective, and Antioxidant Properties of Aqueous Extracts of Linum usitatissimum in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Srivastava Vartika , Pattanayak Chaitali , Sarkar Sougata , Das Mangala Charana , Prakash Anoushka 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder having the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Linum usitatissimum is a blue or purple flowering crop whose consumption has also shown a decrease in postprandial glucose absorption, improvement in glucose tolerance, and serum cholesterol levels.

Aim:
This study was taken up to evaluate the antiglycemic, renoprotective, and antioxidant effect of various doses of Linum usitatissimum in diabetes so that various long-term complications of the disease could be controlled and minimized.

Study Design:
The study was conducted for the period of 2 months in the Department of Pharmacology KIMS, Bhubaneswar. A total of 30 albino Wistar rats were taken and divided into five groups containing six rats each. Experimental diabetes was induced in rats by administering a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in overnight-fasted rats. Group I was diabetic control, Group II was treatment control, and Group III to V rats were given different doses of the extract. Blood samples were taken at the end of 2 months.

Results:
All the values are expressed as means ± SD. Significant decrease in glycemic parameters, urea, creatinine, and oxidative stress levels were seen at the end of 2 months in all three groups receiving the extract, where the highest dose of extract did maximum reduction, which is comparable with the standard drug.

Conclusion:
From our study, it can be concluded that there was a significant reduction in glycemic parameters as well as the plant extracts possess excellent renoprotective and antioxidant property, therefore flax seeds are efficient in reducing the long-term complications of diabetes.
The universe of the Man of science
Authors: Дадашев Р.Х. 
Published: March 2023

В работе кратко рассмотрены основные этапы творческой деятельности и жизненного пути доктора физико-математических наук, заведующего отделом при- кладной семиотики Академии наук Чеченской Республики. Сделана попытка провести анализ основных результатов его работ и определить его вклад в развитие матема- тики на современном этапе.
The paper briefly discusses the main stages of creative activity and life path of the Dr., Head of the Department of Applied Semiotics of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic. An attempt is made to analyze the main scientific results obtained by S.M. Umarkhadzhiev and determine his contribution to the development of mathematics at the present stage.
Geochemical characteristics of microelements in the soils of the Gusar Plain (southeastern end of the Greater Caucasus)
Authors: Гулиев И.Ф. 
Published: March 2023

Выявлены уровни содержания и некоторые закономерности распределения Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Mn, Ti в меловых отложениях, гумусовом горизонте горно-луговых дерновых почв субальпийского пояса и горно-лесных бурых почв лесного пояса. Уста- новлено, что гумусовые вещества в гумусовом горизонте почв района связаны положи- тельными корреляционными связями до уровня существенности с Мn и Тi; корреляцион- ные связи гумуса с Сu, Pb, Со, Ni, V, Сr несущественные и часто отрицательные. В почвах района выявлены следующие положительные статистически значимые связи: I) Сu-Рb-Zn; 2) Со-V-Сr в субальпийском поясе, Со-Ni-V-Сr-Сu-Рb – в лесном поясе; 3) Mn; 4) Ti. Между Мn и Тi положительные связи иногда достигают уровня значимости.
The levels of content and some patterns of distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Mn, Ti in Cretaceous sediments, in the humus horizon of mountain meadow turf soils of the subalpine belt, in the humus horizon of mountain-forest brown soils of the forest belt were revealed. It was determined that humus substances in the humus horizon of the soils of the district are associated with positive bonds to the level of materiality with Mn and Ti; humus connectivity with Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, V, Cr are insignificant and commonly negative. The following positive statistically significant relationships were found in the soils of the district: I) Cu-Pb-Zn; 2) Co-V-Cr in the subalpine belt, Co-Ni-V-Cr-Cu-Pb - in the forest belt; 3) Mn; 4) Ti. Positive relationships between Mn and Ti sometimes reach the level of significance.