bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Deteksi Penyakit Infeksi Nosokomial Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining
Authors: Febriani hrp Khoirunnisa 
Published: January 2023

Infeksi nosokomial atau healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) adalah infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit atau fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan setelah dirawat 2 x 24 jam dimana sebelum dirawat, pasien tidak memiliki gejala tersebut dan infeksi ini sudah mempengaruhi kesehatan ratusan juta pasien di seluruh dunia setiap tahun. Infeksi nosokomial dapat berakibat fatal atau menyebabkan pemulihan yang tertunda, gangguan fungsional atau kerusakan estetika yang dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi seumur hidup bagi pasien. program aplikasi sistem pakar yang dirancang ialah sistem pakar untuk mendeteksi penyakit seperti infeksi nosokomial. Dengan adanya program aplikasi ini diharapkan orang awam yang kurang pengetahuan tentang penyakit infeksi nosokomial menjadi lebih mudah mengetahuinya dimana pengguna menyampaikan informasi fakta tentang gejala yang dialaminya kepada sistem pakar untuk selanjutnya menerima saran dari sistem pakar atau jawaban ahlinya. Metode pelacakan yang digunakan adalah metode penalaran forward chaining (pelacakan ke depan), yang dimulai dengan menggunakan informasi yang ada dan penyatuan rule agar menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan dan tujuan , proses ini diulang sampai ditemukan suatu hasil. Program ini dirancang menggunakan database MySQL sebagai penyimpan data yang tujuan nya agar mudah dalam penggunaannya.
The effect of short-term fallowing on the microbial communities in forest soil cultivated with ginseng: Preliminary research
Authors: Li Yuqing , Jones Feyisike Gbolayori , Zhang Bing , Cui Juntao , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2023

Background
Continuous cultivation of ginseng crops in fixed plots can lead to disease outbreaks, yield losses and replanting failures. Fallow periods can help restore soil health and increase the sustainability of agricultural systems; however, taking land out of production for extended periods is often not feasible. Short-term fallow periods could restore soil health, but few studies have examined the effects of short-term fallow treatment on the health of soil in ginseng fields.

Methods
In this preliminary study, we used metagenomic analysis to assess changes in the abundance of major ginseng pathogens and soil health overall following a short-term fallow period in a region in the Changbai Mountains. A sample from a forest plot (Hx0ks), was compared to a sample from a field where ginseng was previously cultivated and then had been left fallow for two years (Hx2), and a sample from a field that had been fallow for two years and was subsequently replanted with ginseng (Clsd).

Results
Soil that was fallow for two years, and then replanted with ginseng, showed reduced nutrient content and lower diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities than soil that remained fallow. Candidatus Solibacter (5%) and Rhizomicrobium (3%) were the most abudant bacterial genera in Hx2. Rhizomicrobium (4%) and Gemmatimonas (3%) were the most abundant bacterial genera in Clsd. Mortierella (22%) and Peziza (12%) dominated the fungal community in Hx2. Lecanicillium (38%) and Mortierella (13%) dominated the fungal community in Clsd. Fallow periods also increased the functional diversity of soil as predicted by PICRUSt and decreased the relative abundance of the pathogenic fungi.

Conclusions
Preliminary findings were consistent with the hypothesis that fallow management in ginseng cultivation can improve soil microbial community structure and function and reduces the number of plant pathogens; however, testing this hypothesis will require replicated plots.
Basic Properties of Buys-ballot Seasonal Variances Estimates for Choice of Models in Time Series
Authors: Dozie Kelechukwu C. N. , Ibebuogu Christian C. 
Published: January 2023

This article presents basic properties of Buys-Ballot estimates for seasonal variances for the mixed, multiplicative and additive models in time series. The emphasis is to characterize the basic properties of seasonal variances for purpose of choice of model. In this article, the method of seasonal variances with illustrative examples for choice of suitable models in time series decomposition is also considered. Results show that, seasonal variances of the Buys-Ballot estimates are for additive model 1) a product of trending parameter only 2) It is a product season j through the square of the seasonal indices s2j and parameters through the square of the seasonal averages X-2.j for multiplicative model 3) A constant multiple of the square of the seasonal indices s2j for mixed model.
The Effect of Phosphorylation (Sodium Trimetaphosphate) of Faro 40 Rice Starch for the Production of Pharmaceutical Grade Starch
Authors: Benjamin Nma Yisa, , Achimugu Dickson Musa, , Chidi Evans Egwim , Aaron Shaba Yisa , Amaechi Dennis 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Nigerian FARO 40 rice starch has been underutilized due to low edible qualities. The aim of this study was to chemically modify underutilized rice variety using standard methods for possible use as pharmaceutical grade starch.
Methodology: The physicochemical properties of native and phosphorylated FARO 40 rice starch were analysed using standard methods. Scan electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analyser and Derivative Thermogravimetric analyser were utilized to decide the morphological properties of native and modified starch. The comparative binding and disintegrant capacities of these starch in tablets detailing were examined utilizing paracetamol as model sedate. Paracetamol tablets were defined using wet granulation strategy and direct compression utilizing native starch, acetylated starch, and phosphorylated starch as binders. The tablet features such as smashing quality, friability, crumbling time and disintegration test were assessed utilizing friabilitor machine, deterioration machine and disintegration device.
Results: The results showed significant decreased (P<0.05) values in pH, moisture content, and gelatinization temperature for modified starches compared to the native starch. Significant increase observed in ash content, solubility, swelling capacity, browning temperature, charring temperature and amylose content of phosphorylated starch as compared to the native starch. Furthermore, significant changes were also observed in morphology of the phosphorylated starch compared to the native rice starch. The weight, crushing strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile values for paracetamol tablets formulated with the phosphorylated starch were within the standard specified by British pharmacopeia and were significantly different from that of native starch (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Chemical modification has shown to improve the physicochemical and morphological properties of the three FARO 40 underutilized Nigerian rice varieties for pharmaceutical purpose.
Assessment of Post-mortem Processing Methods on Quality and Shelf Life of Mutton
Authors: Akinwumi A. O. , Odunsi A. A. , Ademola S. G. , Adeniji T. Y. , Haruna M. A. , Ayoola S. J. , Arasi K. K. , Samuel I. M. , Ajiboso E. A. , Ojo K. S. , Musa A. O. 
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out to assess the influence of post-mortem processing methods on quality and shelf life of two breeds of sheep meat. A total of twelve sheep, six each from Balami and Ouda (two prominent breed of Sheep in Nigeria) were weighed, slaughtered and allotted to three processing methods which are scalding, singeing and skinning in a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (2 breeds and 3 post-mortem processing methods). The carcass characteristics, primal cuts, physico-chemical properties, sensory and microbial counts were assessed. The results showed that Ouda breed gave the highest (p<0.05) dressing % (36.43%), preferred (p<0.05) primal cuts in rounds (15.13%), Marbling score, lipid profile (Total cholesterol, LDL), and Lipid peroxidation, Balami sheep was however rated higher (p<0.05) in juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability. The Scalded sheep had the highest dressing % (35.45%), with preferred marbling score (5.80), and microbial counts. The scalded samples were also the lowest (p<0.05) for crude Fiber, CF, total cholesterol (276.40 mg/dL) and LDL (183.89 mg/dL). Minimal exudate loses (cooking loss and drip loss) were recorded in singeing samples and was rated highest (p<0.05) with organoleptic properties. The microbial and fungi loads increased with the storage days. Conclusively, Ouda breed and Scalding method of post-mortem dressing gave the preferred values for optimum nutrients and shelf-life of sheep meat.
Comparison of Three Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas vaginalis Detection in a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Machado Sinval César , Norberg Antonio Neres , Norberg Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira , Manhães Fernanda Castro , Mangiavacchi Bianca Magnelli , Faial Lígia Cordeiro Matos , Souza Ademir Hilário de , Souza Ana Paula Borges de , Filho Renato Mataveli Ferreira , Sanches Fabiano Guerra 
Published: January 2023

Aims: To comparatively evaluate the efficiency of three simple trichomoniasis diagnostic techniques in a low-resource setting at the Baixada Fluminense region, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Place and Duration of Study: The sample was obtained from the medical records of women attending the Iguaçu University Clinic's Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic from January to December 2020. The sample consisted of medical records of 135 women aged 17 to 78 years.
Methodology: With the aid of a sterile and disposable bi-valve speculum, vaginal secretion was collected with a swab from the vaginal sac. The secretion was used for smears in two slides for wet mount examination and Papanicolaou staining and then seeded in a tube with 6 ml of Diamond's culture medium.
Results: The results showed that among the 135 women with clinical signs of vulvovaginitis, 65 (48.15%) were infected by Trichomonas vaginalis. The positivity rates displayed significant differences according to the detection methods used. Wet mount examination and Papanicolaou exams were less efficient, detecting only 7.7% of total infections confirmed by the culture in Diamond's medium.
Conclusion: The analysis of the results allowed an update in the detection protocol of Trichomonas vaginalis infections in the Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic of the Iguaçu University. Papanicolaou test was eliminated from the protocol since it requires more resources than the wet mount examination. Wet mount examination was maintained because it detects part of the Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the time of medical attending, following the core principle of the syndromic approach indicated by WHO, but with greater efficacy than the diagnostic determination based on signs and symptoms. Culture by Diamond’s medium proved to be one of the best options for low-resource settings when compared to other detection methods of T. vaginalis analyzed in the current scientific literature, with an acceptable detection rate, only lower than sophisticated and high-cost methods.
Effect of Metformin Combined with Dietary Intervention on Childhood Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Khater Marwa Ghareeb , El-Sawy Doaa Mohammed , El-Shafiey Rasha Mohammed Gamal , Attia Gihan Farouk , Hamam Mohammed Amr 
Published: January 2023

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with multiple comorbidities such as insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Puberty is physiologically responsible for IR. During this stage of life, insulin sensitivity decreases by 25–50% and then improves. A change in lifestyle that promotes healthy nutritional habits and physical activity, as well as complementary treatments such as metformin therapy, is recommended as the first line of treatment.
Aim of the Work: To assess the effect of metformin combined with dietary intervention on BMI and IR in obese children and adolescents in the prepubertal and pubertal stages.
Methods: This study included 90 children and adolescents divided into two groups: 60 obese children and adolescents with BMIs > the 95th percentile for their sex and age (30 prepubertal and 30 pubertal) and 30 healthy children and adolescents with BMIs between the 5th and 85th percentile for their sex and age (15 prepubertal and 15 pubertal). They underwent a thorough clinical evaluation, which included anthropometric measurements and investigations such as serum adiponectin, leptin, adiponectin-leptin ratio (ALR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a lipid profile, and HOMA-IR. Obese children and adolescents received metformin with dietary intervention for six months.
Results: After the therapeutic intervention, the anthropometric measurements (weights, weight Z-scores, BMIs, BMI Z-scores, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratios) and the lipid profile (total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and serum triglycerides) improved significantly in both obese groups (prepubertal and pubertal). Prepubertal obese children significantly improved more than pubertal obese children and adolescents in inflammatory adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, PAF-1, and ALR) and insulin sensitivity markers after the therapy.
Conclusion: Puberty is a critical physiologic stage affecting the response to metformin, which should be studied further in pubertal obese children and adolescents, particularly the dose-effect relationship.
Degradation of Water‐Insoluble Dyes by Microperoxidase‐11, an Effective and Stable Peroxidative Catalyst in Hydrophilic Organic Media
Authors: Wariishi Hiroyuki , Kabuto Mari , Mikuni Junko , Oyadomari Masafumi , Tanaka Hiroo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMicroperoxidase‐11 (MP‐11), a heme‐containing undecapeptide, derived from horse heart cytochrome c was utilized as a peroxidative catalyst. Catalytic characteristics of MP‐11 in hydrophilic organic media were studied using 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol as a reducing substrate in a series of organic solvents at various concentrations, indicating that MP‐11 was active in water‐miscible organic solvents but at least 5% water was compulsory for the catalytic action. Thus, MP‐11 was not active in hydrophobic solvents. The pH of the water portion in the media affected the reaction rate. The optimal pH was found to be 9, where a release of protons from either an oxidizing or reducing substrate to the media was facilitated. The decolorization of water‐insoluble synthetic dyes by MP‐11 in 90% methanol was attempted. MP‐11 showed effective decolorization activities against either azo or anthraquinone dyes. The degradation pathway for Solvent Orange 7 was investigated in detail, showing that MP‐11 catalyzed the oxidative cleavage of the azo linkage to generate 1,2‐naphthoquinone and 2,4‐dimethylphenol as key intermediates.
Substrate and Enzyme Characteristics that Limit Cellulose Hydrolysis
Authors: Mansfield Shawn D. , Mooney Caitriona , Saddler John N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe ability and, consequently, the limitations of various microbial enzyme systems to completely hydrolyze the structural polysaccharides of plant cell walls has been the focus of an enormous amount of research over the years. As more and more of these extracellular enzymatic systems are being identified and characterized, clear similarities and differences are being elucidated. Although much has been learned concerning the structures, kinetics, catalytic action, and interactions of enzymes and their substrates, no single mechanism of total lignocellulosic saccharification has been established. The heterogeneous nature of the supramolecular structures of naturally occurring lignocellulosic matrices make it difficult to fully understand the interactions that occur between enzyme complexes and these substrates. However, it is apparent that the efficacy of enzymatic complexes to hydrolyze these substrates is inextricably linked to the innate structural characteristics of the substrate and/or the modifications that occur as saccharification proceeds. This present review is not intended to conclusively answer what factors control polysaccharide biodegradation, but to serve as an overview illustrating some of the potential enzymatic and structural limitations that invariably influence the complete hydrolysis of lignocellulosic polysaccharides.
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 in NIDDM: relationship with the insulin resistance syndrome
Authors: Mohamed‐Ali  , Pinkney  , Panahloo  , Cwyfan‐Hughes  , Holly  , Yudkin  
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVEIn order to examine the role of insulin‐like growth factors in the pathogenesis of accelerated macrovascular disease in noninsulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we investigated the relationship between the insulin resistance syndrome and the IGF axis.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of the relationship between insulin resistance syndrome variables and concentrations of IGF‐1, IGF‐2, IGFBP‐1 and IGFBP‐3 in 80 subjects with NIDDM.RESULTSAfter correcting for age, sex and body mass index, concentrations of IGFBP‐1, correlated with those of HDL‐cholesterol (r = 0.40; P < 0.001), triglycerides (r = − 0.24; P = 0.04), insulin (r = − 0.39; P < 0.001), intact proinsulin (r = − 0.32; P = 0.006), des 31,32 proinsulin (r = − 0.40; P = 0.001), and with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.38; P = 0.001) and PAI‐1 activity (r = − 0.24; P = 0.05); IGF‐1 levels only correlated with those of HDL‐cholesterol (r = − 0.33; P = 0.005), and this was not explained by IGFBP‐1 or insulin sensitivity. With additional correction for insulin, concentrations of IGFBP‐1 still correlated with HDL‐cholesterol (r = 0.40; P < 0.001), but not those of triglycerides or PAI‐1 activity. There were no significant relationships between levels of IGF‐2 and any of the variables investigated, and IGFBP‐3 levels only correlated with those of total cholesterol (r = 0.24, P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSIn NIDDM, concentrations of IGFBP‐1 are related to those of insulin, insulin sensitivity, serum lipoproteins and PAI‐1 activity. The relationship between concentrations of IGFBP‐1 and HDL‐cholesterol is not explained by insulin. Concentrations of IGF‐1 are linked to HDL‐cholesterol, and this is not explained by levels of IGFBP‐1. IGFBP‐1 concentrations were related to PAI‐1 activity, and this may be explained by insulin, which regulates the production of IGFBP‐1 and PAI‐1.
An unusual swelling following endodontic and prosthodontic treatment of a mandibular molar due to a foreign body reaction
Authors: Ree M. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAimThe purpose of this case report is to stress the importance of taking a proper history and the appropriate evaluation of diagnostic tests in order to prevent incorrect diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the management of postoperative problems in a healthcare system in which specialists take on specific parts of the treatment is discussed.SummaryThis article describes the diagnosis and treatment of an unsuspected flare‐up 1 week after root canal treatment. The swelling and pain appeared to be associated with an accidentally embedded piece of impression material. General practitioners and specialists should be aware of alternate treatment plans and treatment procedures and take these into consideration whenever there is a postoperative problem to be solved.Key learning points

Impression materials can cause a foreign body reaction when embedded in the soft tissues.
History taking and evaluation of diagnostic tests are of paramount importance in order to prevent incorrect diagnosis and treatment.
Both general practitioners and specialists have the responsibility to evaluate patients with a broad vision.
Developmental control of Xa21‐mediated disease resistance in rice
Authors: Century Karen S. , Lagman Regina A. , Adkisson Michael , Morlan John , Tobias Renee , Schwartz Keri , Smith Aubrey , Love Jaime , Ronald Pamela C. , Whalen Maureen C. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe rice resistance gene Xa21 confers resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The molecular genetic mechanism controlling the integration of the Xa21‐mediated disease resistance response with the developmental program in rice is under study in this model system. Reproducible means of infecting plants at certain developmental stages were designed based on the timing of full expansion of the leaf. Xa21‐resistance progressively increases from the susceptible juvenile leaf 2 stage through later stages, with 100% resistance at the adult leaf 9/10 stage. We found that Xa21 expression is independent of plant developmental stage, infection with Xoo, or wounding. Expression of the Xa21 gene transcript is not correlated with expression of Xa21 disease resistance indicating that the developmental regulation of Xa21‐resistance is either controlled post‐transcriptionally or by other factors.
Use of Atraumatic Spinal Needles Among Neurologists in the United States
Authors: Birnbach David J. , Kuroda Maxine M. , Sternman David , Thys Daniel M. 
Published: July 2002

Objective.—To evaluate atraumatic spinal needle use among US neurologists.Background.—Postdural puncture headache following lumbar puncture may be dramatically reduced through the use of atraumatic pencil‐point spinal needles. It was hypothesized that atraumatic spinal needles are rarely used by members of specialties outside of anesthesiology. To determine the extent to which atraumatic spinal needles are currently being used for lumbar puncture in the United States, American neurologists (one group of physicians who regularly perform lumbar punctures) were surveyed.Methods.—A questionnaire was mailed to all 7798 members of the American Academy of Neurology listed in the membership directory. The questionnaire included items pertaining to age, practice setting, knowledge of pencil‐point (atraumatic) spinal needles, and lumbar puncture practices.Results.—Only a fraction (2%) of the neurologists surveyed routinely use atraumatic spinal needles. Almost half of the responding neurologists reported having no knowledge of pencil‐point spinal needles. Among those who did have knowledge of these new spinal needles, the most common reasons given for not using them were nonavailability and expense.Conclusions.—Atraumatic spinal needles for lumbar puncture have been shown to dramatically decrease the risk of postdural puncture headache. Although the use of these needles is standard practice among anesthesiologists, they have not been adopted by other medical specialties. This may lead to unnecessary morbidity among patients undergoing lumbar puncture.