bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergence and accommodation responses in the control of intermittent exotropia
Authors: Mestre Clara , Neupane Sonisha , Manh Vivian , Tarczy‐Hornoch Kristina , Candy T. Rowan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeIndividuals with different types of intermittent exotropia (IXT) may use neurally coupled accommodation and vergence responses differently from those without exotropia to achieve eye alignment. This study examined the relationship between simultaneously recorded accommodation and vergence responses in children and young adults with a range of types of IXT while aligned and deviated.MethodsResponses of 29 participants with IXT (4–31 years) and 24 age‐matched controls were recorded using simultaneous eye‐tracking and eccentric photorefraction while they watched a movie in binocular or monocular viewing at varying viewing distances. Gradient response AC/A ratios and fusional vergence ranges were also assessed. Eight participants had divergence or pseudo‐divergence excess type IXT, 5 had convergence insufficiency and 16 had basic IXT.ResultsControl and IXT participants accommodated similarly both in monocular and binocular‐aligned conditions to visual targets at 80 and 33 cm. When deviated in binocular viewing, most participants with IXT exhibited changes in accommodation <0.5D relative to alignment. Gradient response AC/A ratios were similar for control [0.56 MA/D (IQR: 0.51 MA/D)] and IXT participants [0.42 MA/D (0.54 MA/D);p = 0.60]. IXT participants showed larger vergence to accommodation ratios with changes from distance to near fixation [1.19 MA/D (1.45 MA/D)] than control participants [0.78 MA/D (0.60 MA/D);p = 0.02], especially among IXT participants with divergence or pseudo‐divergence excess. Participants with IXT exhibited typical fusional divergence ranges beyond their dissociated position [8.86 Δ (7.10 Δ)] and typical fusional convergence ranges from alignment [18 Δ (15.75 Δ)].ConclusionsThis study suggests that control of IXT is typically neither driven by accommodative convergence alone nor associated with over‐accommodation secondary to fusional convergence efforts. These simultaneous measurements confirmed that proximal vergence contributed significantly to IXT control, particularly for divergence or pseudo‐divergence excess type IXT. For IXT participants in this study, achieving eye alignment did not conflict with having clear vision.
Perspectives on the nanocarriers with miRNAs for targeting melanoma stemness through epigenetic regulation
Authors: Liu Junqi , Zhang Jin , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Chen Kuo , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Manogaran Prasath , Bannimath Gurupadayya , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Fan Ruitai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral research reports delineated the significant role of miRNAs in cancer proliferation, and their modulatory role in cancer mitigation, and drug resistance. Melanoma cells have been acquiring stemness to several chemotherapeutic agents through drug efflux proteins, epigenetic modulation, and DNA repair. miRNAs could be applied as novel therapeutic modalities for treating several kinds of cancers to modulate these mechanisms involved in stemness. Nanocarriers to carry these tumor‐targeting miRNAs to modulate stemness are a prominent strategy to overcome their low penetrability, minimal stability, and nonspecificity. We have searched several public databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and NLM and obtained the information pertinent to the miRNA‐based nanocarrier systems to target stemness through epigenetic modulation in melanomas. This review delineates that various miRNAs can modulate the stemness in melanomas by specific intricate epigenetic signaling, and other cell‐based signaling mechanisms. Specific nanocarrier formulations with specific miRNAs are optimal methods to deliver these miRNAs in order to achieve significant entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, and stability. Furthermore, the combinatorial regimen of FDA‐approved chemotherapeutic molecules with tumor‐targeting miRNAs and chemotherapy combined with nanocarriers can efficiently deliver the utmost therapeutic window by targeting tumor matrix, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in melanomas. Substantial research should focus on the clinical application of this gene therapy in melanomas using these low immunogenic, highly degradable, and biocompatible combinatorial nanotherapeutic regimens.
T‐cell infiltrate intensity is associated with delayed response to treatment in late acute cellular rejection in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Peters Anna L. , Rogers Michael , Begum Gousia , Sun Qin , Fei Lin , Leino Daniel , Hildeman David , Woodle Ervin Steve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLate acute cellular rejection (ACR) is associated with donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) development, chronic rejection, and allograft loss. However, accurate predictors of late ACR treatment response are lacking. ACR is primarily T‐cell mediated, yet B cells and plasma cells (PC) also infiltrate the portal areas during late ACR. To test the hypothesis that the inflammatory milieu is associated with delayed response (DR) to rejection therapy, we performed a single‐center retrospective case‐control study of pediatric late liver ACR using multiparameter immunofluorescence for CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, and CD138 to identify immune cell subpopulations.MethodsPediatric liver transplant recipients transplanted at <17 years of age and treated for biopsy‐proven late ACR between January 2014 and 2019 were stratified into rapid response (RR) and DR based on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization within 30 days of diagnosis. All patients received IV methylprednisolone as an initial rejection treatment. Immunofluorescence was performed on archived formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) liver biopsy tissue.ResultsLiver biopsies from 60 episodes of late ACR in 54 patients were included in the analysis, of which 33 were DR (55%). Anti‐thymocyte globulin was only required in the DR group. The frequency of liver‐infiltrating CD20+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and the prevalence of autoantibodies were higher in the DR group. In univariate logistic regression analysis, serum gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level at diagnosis, but not ALT, Banff score or presence of DSA, predicted DR.ConclusionsHigher serum GGT level, presence of autoantibodies, and increased CD8+ T‐cell infiltration portends DR in late ACR treatment in children.
Comparing Singlet Oxygen Generation of Schiff Base Substituted Novel Silicon Phthalocyanines by Sonophotochemical and Photochemical Applications
Authors: Ünlü Seda , Yaşa Atmaca Göknur , Tuncel Elmalı Fikriye , Erdoğmuş Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the sonophotodynamic method has an effective therapeutic outcome for anticancer treatment compared with the photodynamic method, there are not enough related studies in the literature and this study aims to contribute to the development of sonophotodynamic studies. For this purpose, the Schiff base substituted silicon phthalocyanines were designed and synthesized as effective sensitizer candidates and the photophysicochemical and sonophotochemical features of the phthalocyanines were examined to increase singlet oxygen efficiency. The calculated ΦΔ values indicate that the contribution of substituent groups improved the production of singlet oxygen compared with silicon (IV) phthalocyanine dichloride (SiPcCI2) and also the sonophotochemical applications increased the singlet oxygen yields. The ΦΔ values (ΦΔ = 0.76 for axially bis‐{4‐[(E)‐(pyridin‐3‐ylimino)methyl]phenol} substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (2a), 0.68 for axially bis‐4‐[(E)‐{[(pyridin‐3‐yl)methyl]imino}methyl]phenol substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (2b) in photochemical study) reached to ΦΔ = 0.98 for 2a, 0.94 for 2b in sonophotochemical study. This article will enrich the literature on increasing singlet oxygen yield.
β‐Aminobutyric acid induced phytotoxicity and effectiveness against nematode is stereomer‐specific and dose‐dependent in tomato
Authors: Singh Richard Raj , Ameye Maarten , Haesaert Geert , Deveux Melissa , Spanoghe Pieter , Audenaert Kris , Rabasse Jean‐Michel , Kyndt Tina 
Published: January 2023

Abstractβ‐Aminobutyric acid (BABA) induces resistance to a/biotic stress but is associated with phytotoxicity in some plant species. There are two enantiomers of BABA, the R and S enantiomers. We evaluated the phytotoxicity caused by the RS BABA (racemic mixture of R and S BABA), evaluating the dose–response effect and different modes of application on tomato. Results show that RS BABA‐induced phytotoxicity in tomato is dose‐dependent and stronger with foliar applications than with soil drench. We further evaluated the phytotoxicity of the two enantiomers separately and observed that BABA‐induced phytotoxicity is stereomer‐specific. In comparison with less phytotoxic effects induced by S BABA, R BABA induces dose‐dependent and systemic phytotoxic symptoms. To investigate the possible physiological causes of this phytotoxicity, we measured levels of oxidative stress and anthocyanins and validated the findings with gene expression analyses. Our results show that high doses of RS and R BABA induce hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and anthocyanin accumulation in tomato leaves, while this response is milder and more transient upon S BABA application. Next, we evaluated BABA induced resistance against root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. BABA‐induced resistance was found to be stereomer‐specific and dependent on dose and mode of application. R or RS BABA multiple soil drench application at low doses induces resistance to nematodes with less phytotoxic effects. Taken together, our data provide useful knowledge on how BABA can be applied in crop production by enhancing stress tolerance and limiting phytotoxicity.
Quorum‐sensing interference in vibrios
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Yang Qian , Eggermont Mieke , Defoirdt Tom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade and the Splendidus clade are important pathogens that cause high economic losses in aquaculture. To control bacterial diseases, antibiotics have been widely applied in aquaculture worldwide for many years, contributing to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. To further limit the use of antibiotics without affecting the envisaged sustainable growth of the sector, novel therapies to control diseases are urgently needed. As the virulence of many bacterial pathogens is controlled by quorum sensing, quorum‐sensing interference has been the most intensively studied antivirulence therapy. It aims to disarm rather than kill the pathogens to prevent them from attacking their host. This strategy is believed to impose less selective pressure upon pathogens for resistance development when compared to antibiotics. In this review, we provide an overview of quorum‐sensing systems in vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade and the Splendidus clade, as well as the virulence‐related phenotypes controlled by these systems. The major quorum‐sensing systems in these bacteria include three‐channel quorum‐sensing systems and indole signalling. Furthermore, we discuss different agents that interfere with quorum‐sensing systems and that protect aquatic animals from disease caused by Harveyi clade and Splendidus clade vibrios. These agents include small molecules (both natural and synthetic) that interfere with three‐channel quorum‐sensing systems or with indole signalling and signal molecule‐degrading bacteria. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and propose some frontiers for further research in order to move this promising field forward.
Programmatic action in Chinese health policy—The making and design of “Healthy China 2030”
Authors: Vogeler Colette S. , van den Dool Annemieke , Chen Meifang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Programmatic Action Framework (PAF) is a powerful analytical perspective to advance our understanding of policy change by stressing the role of programmatic groups and how they promote their preferred policy programs. While the PAF has been applied successfully to European countries and the US, a considerable research gap remains regarding its explanatory power in other regions and political settings. To step into this research gap, we apply the PAF to authoritarian China through a qualitative case study of the making of “Healthy China 2030”, a national health policy program. We explore two research questions: firstly, to what extent can the PAF be operationalized in a nondemocracy to identify programmatic groups and evaluate policy design, and second, what are the limitations and challenges facing the application of the PAF to nondemocracies? Our empirical analysis shows that the design of this policy program involves actors from different policy areas, despite the top‐down political structure. With regards to the transfer of PAF hypotheses, we show that the framework is a helpful lens to identify programmatic groups and to evaluate policy programs' potential for success based on coherence, responsiveness, and program fit. Meanwhile, the research process of our study revealed the challenges of applying policy process theories to China, including hard‐to‐reach political actors for data collection, lack of transparency regarding collaboration processes between actors, and a lack of publicly available program‐related information.
Discipline Made Visible: Abram Room’s The Ghost That Never Returns and the Fantastic Origins of Foucault’s Panopticon
Authors: Nesbet Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 1967 Abram Room's film, The Ghost That Never Returns (1929), traveled to the Cinémathèque de Toulouse (France) and was conspicuously featured in the following year at a major festival held in Perpignan. This essay suggests that Room's film may have been part of what set the scene for the emergence of the “Panopticon”–Jeremy Bentham's eighteenth‐century design for a prison structure that would maximize visibility–in Michel Foucault's 1975 Surveiller et punir. The film's French reception (with reviews appearing in Les Lettres françaises and in Midi‐Minuit Fantastique between 1968 and 1970) emphasized its status as an example of the boundary‐blurring genre of the “fantastic.” It is this article's suggestion that Abram Room's prison film and the accompanying French debate about the nature of the fantastic are important facets underlying the Panopticon's shift from relative obscurity into visibility (or even obviousness) in Michel Foucault's writings of the 1970s.
Evaluation of the ratio of different major and trace elements in the lens of dogs with cataract
Authors: Jezler Patrícia Christiane O. C. , Magalhães Henrique I. R. , Silva Mônica D. , Ribeiro Lucas A. , Miglino Maria Angelica , Pereira Andrea A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the elements that support cataract development and searching for available therapeutic methods is essential for scientific and social interest. For that purpose, the role of trace elements has been investigated in this study to better understand the development of cataracts in dogs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ratio of the major and trace elements by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry in dog cataract lenses to contribute to diagnostic, non‐surgical, and ophthalmological preventive data.MethodsA single lens with a cataract from each of a total of 88 dogs (cataract group) and a healthy lens from each of 6 dogs (control group) were evaluated. The elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) were analyzed by energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray microfluorescence.ResultsThe results indicated an increase of Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn, in association with the reabsorption mechanism of hypermature cataracts.ConclusionsThe ratio of elements Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn was different in cataract lenses than in healthy lenses, and our results may support the development of therapeutic strategies for cataracts in dogs. The Ca concentrations were distinct in the cataract development stages, and the Fe concentration was relatively higher in males when compared to females. Finally, this research stands out with a particular contribution to the understanding of both cataract formation and prevention.
Microstructure-Based Failure Mechanisms Encountered During Fracture Cutting of Age-Varying Bovine Cortical Bone
Authors: Conward Michael , Samuel Johnson 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article aims to investigate the characteristic microstructure-based failure mechanisms observed during the fracture cutting of age-varying bovine cortical bone. To this end, orthogonal cutting experiments are performed on cortical femoral bones harvested from three distinct bovine age groups, viz., young (∼1 month), mature (16–18 months), and old (∼30 months). Fracture cutting is induced at a depth of cut of 70 μm and a cutting velocity of 800 mm/min by using two distinct tool rake angles of +20 deg and 0 deg. The nanoindentation studies and porosity analysis show key differences between microstructural constituents, as a function of age. The high-speed camera images taken during the fracture cutting process provide insight into six dominant microstructure-specific failure mechanisms. These include primary osteonal fracture, woven fracture, and lamellar fracture observed in the plexiform region; and cement line fracture (i.e., osteon debonding), secondary osteonal fracture, and interstitial matrix fracture observed in the haversian regions. In addition to the conventionally reported specific cutting energy metric, a new metric of resultant cutting force per unit crack area and surface integrity are employed here. All cutting responses are seen to be sensitive to age-related microstructural variations and the tool rake angle. In addition to requiring more cutting force, the neutral tool rake angle also results in notable subsurface damage.
A Kirigami-Inspired Metamorphic Double-Loop Linkage With Multiple Single-Degree-of-Freedom Reconfiguration Branches
Authors: Wang Chunlong , Guo Hongwei , Liu Rongqiang , Deng Zongquan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reconfigurable mechanisms attract increasing attention for the characteristic to change structure configurations and motion behaviors in various multifunctional systems. By drawing inspiration from a kirigami fold, this paper presents a metamorphic double-loop linkage with multiple single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) reconfiguration branches, which is generated through combining two reconfigurable 6R plane-symmetric linkages. Mobility analysis of the metamorphic linkage is carried out in terms of the screw-loop theory equation, as well as the induced reconfiguration position identification. Then, this paper presents the specific reconfiguration conditions for the two single-loop components in this linkage, and a physical prototype fabricated by 3D printing verifies the ability of configuration reconstruction. Sixteen types of evolved motion branches are constructed by implementing different reconfiguration constraints, respectively, and corresponding kinematic paths are described by employing the specific angle between axes of joints. Furthermore, these evolved motion branches of this metamorphic linkage provide novel examples of mobile assemblies among several fundamental single-loop linkages.
Comparative Efficacy of Humidifiers for Noninvasive Infant Respiratory Support
Authors: John Stephen C. , Hokanson Casey D. , Slusher Tina M. , Bjorklund Ashley R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Delivery of cold, dry air to infants while supporting their breathing can lead to hypothermia in addition to irritating and damaging their sensitive nares and negatively impacting outcomes with these therapies. In high resource settings, electric heated humidifiers are used to mitigate this problem. In many resource-constrained settings, passive nonelectric bubbling humidifiers are instead used. We here compare the efficacy of conventional electric heated humidification, custom-built low cost heated humidification, passive nonelectric bubbling humidification and a control of no humidification. In a hospital patient room (temperature 22 °C, humidity 50%), the temperature and humidity delivered to a simulated patient lung via a BC161-10 Fisher Paykel bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system were measured with conventional electric heated humidification, low cost custom-built heated humidification, passive bubbling humidification and no humidification. (Delivered CPAP: 5 cm H2O; flowrate varied from 4 to 8 liters per minute (LPM) in 2 LPM increments.) As the flowrate was varied from 4 to 8 LPM, delivered relative humidity (standard deviation) with each humidifier was as follows: control 10% (3.6%), passive bubbler 44% (3.7%), custom-built humidifier 67% (1.7%), electric heated humidifier 91% (0.86%). Delivered temperature with the electric heated humidifier was 38 °C (0.21 °C) versus 33 °C for all other setups. Conventional electric heating humidification is more effective than passive bubbling humidification, and the custom-built low cost humidifier provides an intermediate degree of humidification. Through further improvement of this concept with a heated inspiratory circuit and sensor based control of the heating element, an effective yet low cost solution heating humidification could be developed.