bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain-adversarial graph neural networks for Λ hyperon identification with CLAS12
Authors: McEneaney M. , Vossen A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Machine learning methods and in particular Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have revolutionized many tasks within the high energy physics community. Particularly in the realm of jet tagging, GNNs and domain adaptation have been especially successful. However, applications with lower energy events have not received as much attention. We report on the novel use of GNNs and a domain-adversarial training method to identify Λ hyperon events with the CLAS12 experiment at Jefferson Lab. The GNN method we have developed increases the purity of the Λ yield by a factor of 1.95 and by 1.82 using the domain-adversarial training. This work also provides a good benchmark for developing event tagging machine learning methods for the Λ and other channels at CLAS12 and other experiments, such as the planned Electron Ion Collider.
Electromagnetic design study of a superconducting longitudinal gradient bend magnet based on the HALF storage ring
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Lin , Feng Guangyao , Li Weimin , Yang Penghui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is planning to build a 2.2 GeV diffraction-limited storage ring, the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF), with a 6BA lattice structure and a large number of longitudinal gradient bends (LGBs). In order to increase the radiated photon energy to the hard X-ray band and to reduce the natural emittance, a superconducting longitudinal gradient bend (SLGB) magnet is planned to be used on HALF in the future, which requires a magnetic field integral of 0.40 T·m over a length of 0.46 m and a peak field of about 5 T. A SLGB has many structural parameters, such as the geometric parameters of the superconducting coils and the thickness of the yoke, etc. Their influence on the magnetic field distribution has been studied, although the computation of the 3D magnet model is very slow. Considering the longitudinal field variation, the vertical gap limitation, the field homogeneity requirement and the critical current of the superconducting wire, a method is developed to simplify the 3D magnet simulation by a corresponding 2D model, so that the longitudinal magnetic field profile of a 3D model can be approximately calculated in a 2D model with faster speed. Due to the faster calculation speed of 2D models, a Mathematica-based optimization program is developed and relatively good structural parameters for the HALF SLGB are found by the program. The simulation results show that the physical design requirements can be well met. The electromagnetic design for the HALF SLGB magnet is based on the current JC
level of NbTi superconductor due to its excellent mechanical performance.
Linear colliders based on laser-plasma accelerators
Authors: Schroeder C.B. , Albert F. , Benedetti C. , Bromage J. , Bruhwiler D. , Bulanov S.S. , Campbell E.M. , Cook N.M. , Cros B. , Downer M.C. , Esarey E. , Froula D.H. , Fuchs M. , Geddes C.G.R. , Gessner S.J. , Gonsalves A.J. , Hogan M.J. , Hooker S.M. , Huebl A. , Jing C. , Joshi C. , Krushelnick K. , Leemans W.P. , Lehe R. , Maier A.R. , Milchberg H.M. , Mori W.B. , Nakamura K. , Osterhoff J. , Palastro J.P. , Palmer M. , Põder K. , Power J.G. , Shadwick B.A. , Terzani D. , Thévenet M. , Thomas A.G.R. , van Tilborg J. , Turner M. , Vafaei-Najafabadi N. , Vay J.-L. , Zhou T. , Zuegel J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Laser-plasma accelerators are capable of sustaining
accelerating fields of 10–100 GeV/m, 100–1000 times that of
conventional technology and the highest fields produced by any of
the widely researched advanced accelerator concepts. Laser-plasma
accelerators also intrinsically accelerate short particle bunches,
several orders of magnitude shorter than that of conventional
technology, which leads to reductions in beamstrahlung and, hence,
savings in the overall power consumption to reach a desired
luminosity. These properties make laser-plasma accelerators a
promising accelerator technology for a more compact, less expensive
high-energy linear collider providing multi-TeV polarized leptons.
In this submission to the Snowmass 2021 Accelerator Frontier, we
discuss the motivation for a laser-plasma-accelerator-based linear
collider, the status of the field, and potential linear collider
concepts up to 15 TeV. We outline the research and development
path toward a collider based on laser-plasma accelerator technology,
and highlight near-term and mid-term applications of this technology
on the collider development path. The required experimental
facilities to carry out this research are described. We conclude
with community recommendations developed during Snowmass.
Experimental analysis of anodic coating process parameters of Al 5754 alloy by response surface method
Authors: Celik Ilhan , Erdemir Fatih , Coruhlu Isa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aluminum 5754 alloy appears as a candidate material for many engineering applications in terms of its lightness and strength values. The surface properties of this alloy need to be improved for applications where there is surface damage such as friction and wear. In this study, Central composite design was applied to investigate the influences of anodic coating process parameters (voltage, coating time and grit size) on the response (i.e. surface roughness and coating thickness). The competence of the mathematical models recognized, and the importance of the regression coefficients were studied by ANOVA. The initial surfaces of the samples were sanded with 400, 800 and 1200 grit size and surfaces with 3 different roughnesses were obtained. Al 5754 specimens were anodic coated at 8 V, 12 V and 16 V voltages and combinations of time parameters of 10, 20 and 30 min The ANOVA results show that the designed models by RSM for average coating thickness and surface roughness are statistically important at the confidence level of 95%, and 80%, respectively. Maximum anodic coated layer of 29 μm was obtained at surface prepared with 1200 grit size, at 16 V of voltage and used for 30 min of anodizing time. The lowest roughness value of 0.676 μm was obtained at the surface was prepared with 1200 grit size, 8 V of voltage and anodizing time of 10 min.
The Australian Delirium Clinical Care Standard: not just another brick in the wall
Authors: Teodorczuk Andrew , Reade Michael C , Graham Frederick A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Delivering delirium care is challenging. Systems may not be set up to facilitate good delirium practice and staff may have low baseline understanding of how to spot, stop and treat delirium. In this context, delirium guidelines are especially important. In this article, we review the 2021 Australian Delirium Clinical Care Standards. The care standards are different to guidelines insofar as they focus on main presentations and represent eight quality statements describing the best evidence-based care patients with delirium should be offered.
The standards speak to three different audiences: consumer, clinician and healthcare organisations. As such, they provide some system-level solutions to practice-level problems. They incorporate latest evidence and reflect the sway away from prescribing to treat delirium, stating that antipsychotics should be avoided. Furthermore, they promote inclusivity of families and carers in delirium care processes as an important medium to engender good practice.
Limitations include the fact that they extend to delirium in multiple settings where different approaches may be necessary. They also lack the granularity of being able to provide recommendations on a greater range of drugs that might be used and assume settings are ready to introduce best delirium practice.
In sum, they represent an important step forward for delirium knowledge translation and are particularly relevant for patients in the geriatric setting. The guidelines though are constrained as to what they can advocate due to research gaps especially into treatment of delirium.
Sarcosine sensitivity in Escherichia coli is mediated by activation of the glycine cleavage system
Authors: Doroshenko Vera G , Slesareva Anna E , Shmonova Ekaterina A , Kivero Alexander D 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ1511 and Escherichia coli BW25113 strains were compared in terms of resistance to sarcosine (N-methylglycine). The E. coli strain was more sensitive to sarcosine than C. glutamicum, especially when grown in minimal medium. Growth inhibition of the BW25113 strain in minimal M9 medium containing 0.5 m sarcosine was overcome by the addition of glycine. Inactivation of the glycine cleavage (GCV) system (∆gcvP) as well as the removal of its activator (∆gcvA) in BW25113 cells increased the threshold for sarcosine inhibition up to 0.75 m. Activation of the promoter of the E. coli gcvTHP operon by 0.1-0.4 m sarcosine added to M9 medium was demonstrated in vivo using dasherGFP as the reporter. Sensitivity to sarcosine on glucose minimal medium is suggested to be a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria with GcvA/GcvR regulation of the GCV system.
Key questions for the evaluation of anti-amyloid immunotherapies for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Kathy Y , Villain Nicolas , Ayton Scott , Ackley Sarah F , Planche Vincent , Howard Robert , Thambisetty Madhav 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The clinical benefit associated with anti-amyloid immunotherapies, a new class of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, is predicated on their ability to modify disease course by lowering brain amyloid levels. At the time of writing, two amyloid-lowering antibodies, aducanumab and lecanemab, have obtained United States Food and Drug Administration accelerated approval, with further agents of this class in the Alzheimer’s disease treatment pipeline. Based on limited published clinical trial data to date, regulators, payors and physicians will need to assess their efficacy, clinical effectiveness and safety, as well as cost and accessibility. We propose that attention to three important questions related to treatment efficacy, clinical effectiveness and safety should guide evidence-based consideration of this important class of drugs. These are: (1) Were trial statistical analyses appropriate and did they convincingly support claims of efficacy? (2) Do reported treatment effects outweigh safety concerns and are they generalizable to a representative clinical population of people with Alzheimer’s disease? and (3) Do the data convincingly demonstrate disease course modification, suggesting that increasing clinical benefits beyond the duration of the trials are likely? We suggest specific approaches to interpreting trial results for these drugs and highlight important areas of uncertainty where additional data and a cautious interpretation of existing results is warranted. Safe, effective and accessible treatments for Alzheimer’s disease are eagerly awaited by millions of patients and their caregivers worldwide. While amyloid-targeting immunotherapies may be promising disease-modifying Alzheimer’s disease treatments, rigorous and unbiased assessment of clinical trial data is critical to regulatory decision-making and subsequently determining their provision and utility in routine clinical practice. Our recommendations provide a framework for evidence-based appraisal of these drugs by regulators, payors, physicians and patients.
Targeting neuronal mitophagy in ischemic stroke: an update
Authors: Li Jun , Wu Jiaying , Zhou Xinyu , Lu Yangyang , Ge Yuyang , Zhang Xiangnan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a neurological disorder associated with complex pathological mechanisms, including autophagic degradation of neuronal mitochondria, or termed mitophagy, following ischemic events. Despite being well-documented, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuronal mitophagy remain unknown. So far, the evidence suggests neuronal autophagy and mitophagy are separately regulated in ischemic neurons, the latter being more likely activated by reperfusional injury. Specifically, given the polarized morphology of neurons, mitophagy is regulated by different neuronal compartments, with axonal mitochondria being degraded by autophagy in the cell body following ischemia–reperfusion insult. A variety of molecules have been associated with neuronal adaptation to ischemia, including PTEN-induced kinase 1, Parkin, BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3), Bnip3-like (Bnip3l) and FUN14 domain-containing 1. Moreover, it is still controversial whether mitophagy protects against or instead aggravates ischemic brain injury. Here, we review recent studies on this topic and provide an updated overview of the role and regulation of mitophagy during ischemic events.
Laparoscopic reconstruction in McKeown esophagectomy is a risk factor for postoperative diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Takeuchi Akihiro , Ojima Toshiyasu , Hayata Keiji , Kitadani Junya , Goda Taro , Tominaga Shinta , Fukuda Naoki , Nakai Tomoki , Yamaue Hiroki , Kawai Manabu 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Diaphragmatic hernia is a very rare but high-risk complication after esophagectomy. Although there are many studies on the Ivor Lewis esophagectomy procedure for diaphragmatic hernia, there are fewer studies on the McKeown procedure. The present study aimed to estimate the incidence of diaphragmatic hernia after esophagectomy, describing its presentation and management with the McKeown procedure. We retrospectively evaluated the 622 patients who underwent radical esophagectomy between January 2002 and December 2020 at the Wakayama Medical University Hospital. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for diaphragmatic hernia. Emergency surgery for postoperative diaphragmatic hernia was performed in nine of 622 patients (1.45%). Of these nine patients, one developed prolapse of the small intestine into the mediastinum (11.1%). The other eight patients underwent posterior mediastinal route reconstructions (88.9%), one of whom developed prolapse of the gastric conduit, and seven of whom developed transverse colon via the diaphragmatic hiatus. Laparoscopic surgery was identified in multivariate analysis as the only independent risk factor for diaphragmatic hernia (odd’s ratio [OR] = 9.802, p = 0.034). In all seven cases of transverse colon prolapse into the thoracic cavity, the prolapsed organ had herniated from the left anterior part of gastric conduit. Laparoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer is a risk factor for diaphragmatic hernia. The left anterior surface of gastric conduit and diaphragmatic hiatus should be fixed firmly without compromising blood flow to the gastric conduit.
Sex-Dimorphic Analyses Identify Novel and Sex-Specific Genetic Associations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Khrom Michelle , Li Dalin , Naito Takeo , Lee Ho-Su , Botwin Gregory J , Potdar Alka A , Boucher Gabrielle ,   NIDDK Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium,   International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium, Yang Shaohong , Mengesha Emebet , Dube Shishir , Song Kyuyoung , McGovern Dermot P B , Haritunians Talin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Sex is an integral variable often overlooked in complex disease genetics. Differences between sexes have been reported in natural history, disease complications, and age of onset in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While association studies have identified &gt;230 IBD loci, there have been a limited number of studies investigating sex differences underlying these genetic associations.

Methods
We report the first investigation of sex-dimorphic associations via meta-analysis of a sex-stratified association study (34 579 IBD cases, 39 125 controls). In addition, we performed chromosome (chr) X–specific analyses, considering models of X inactivation (XCI) and XCI escape. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also compared between sexes.

Results
We identified significant differences between sexes for disease location and perianal complication in Crohn’s disease and disease extent in ulcerative colitis. We observed genome-wide-significant sex-dimorphic associations (P &lt; 5 × 10-8) at loci not previously reported in large-scale IBD genetic studies, including at chr9q22, CARMIL1, and UBASH3A. We identified variants in known IBD loci, including in chr2p15 and within the major histocompatibility complex on chr6, exhibiting sex-specific patterns of association (P &lt; 5 × 10-7 in one sex only). We identified 3 chrX associations with IBD, including a novel Crohn’s disease susceptibility locus at Xp22.

Conclusions
These analyses identified novel IBD loci, in addition to characterizing sex-specific patterns of associations underlying sex-dimorphic associations. By elucidating the role of sex in IBD genetics, our study will help enhance our understanding of the differences between the sexes in IBD biology and underscores a need to move beyond conventional sex-combined analyses to appreciate the genetic architecture of IBD more comprehensively.
Creeping Fat in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease: An Orchestrator or a Silent Bystander?
Authors: Tsounis Efthymios P , Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Mouzaki Athanasia , Triantos Christos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although the phenomenon of hypertrophied adipose tissue surrounding inflamed bowel segments in Crohn’s disease has been described since 1932, the mechanisms mediating the creeping fat formation and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully unraveled. Recent advances demonstrating the multiple actions of adipose tissue beyond energy storage have brought creeping fat to the forefront of scientific research. In Crohn’s disease, dysbiosis and transmural injury compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in an excessive influx of intraluminal microbiota and xenobiotics. The gut and peri-intestinal fat are in close anatomic relationship, implying a direct reciprocal immunologic relationship, whereas adipocytes are equipped with an arsenal of innate immunity sensors that respond to invading stimuli. As a result, adipocytes and their progenitor cells undergo profound immunophenotypic changes, leading to adipose tissue remodeling and eventual formation of creeping fat. Indeed, creeping fat is an immunologically active organ that synthesizes various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic mediators, and adipokines that serve as paracrine/autocrine signals and regulate immune responses. Therefore, creeping fat appears to be involved in inflammatory signaling, which explains why it has been associated with a higher severity or complicated phenotype of Crohn’s disease. Interestingly, there is growing evidence for an alternative immunomodulatory function of creeping fat as a second barrier that prevents an abnormal systemic inflammatory response at the expense of an increasingly proliferating profibrotic environment. Further studies are needed to clarify how this modified adipose tissue exerts its antithetic effect during the course of Crohn’s disease.
Nurses’ preferences for the format of care planning clinical decision support coded with standardized nursing languages
Authors: Dos Santos Fabiana Cristina , Yao Yingwei , Macieira Tamara G R , Dunn Lopez Karen , Keenan Gail M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Current electronic health records (EHRs) are often ineffective in identifying patient priorities and care needs requiring nurses to search a large volume of text to find clinically meaningful information. Our study, part of a larger randomized controlled trial testing nursing care planning clinical decision support coded in standardized nursing languages, focuses on identifying format preferences after random assignment and interaction to 1 of 3 formats (text only, text+table, text+graph). Being assigned to the text+graph significantly increased the preference for graph (P = .02) relative to other groups. Being assigned to the text only (P = .06) and text+table (P = .35) was not significantly associated with preference for their assigned formats. Additionally, the preference for graphs was not significantly associated with understanding graph content (P = .19). Further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of how format preferences influence the use and processing of displayed information.
Challenges and opportunities in green hydrogen supply chain through metaheuristic optimization
Authors: Gorji Saman A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the green hydrogen supply chain is presented in this paper, encompassing production, storage, transportation, and consumption, with a focus on the application of metaheuristic optimization. The challenges associated with each stage are highlighted, and the potential of metaheuristic optimization methods to address these challenges is discussed. The primary method of green hydrogen production, water electrolysis through renewable energy, is outlined along with the importance of its optimization. Various storage methods, such as compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, and material-based storage, are covered with an emphasis on the need for optimization to improve safety, capacity, and performance. Different transportation options, including pipelines, trucks, and ships, are explored, and factors influencing the choice of transportation methods in different regions are identified. Various hydrogen consumption methods and their associated challenges, such as fuel cell performance optimization, hydrogen-based heating systems design, and energy conversion technology choice, are also discussed. The paper further investigates multi-objective approaches for the optimization of problems in this domain. The significant potential of metaheuristic optimization techniques is highlighted as a key to addressing these challenges and improving overall efficiency and sustainability with respect to future trends in this rapidly advancing area.
‘He Offered a Prayer for the Flier He Had Just Killed’
Authors: Fellows Jamie , Chong Mark David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The US Army war crimes trials held in Manila from 1945 to 1947 prosecuted around 200 Japanese military personnel for war crimes committed against US prisoners of war and Filipino non-combatants. Japanese defendants attempted to argue, with little success, that the defence of superior orders justified their actions. General Douglas MacArthur (Supreme Commander for the Allies in the Pacific or SCAP) was adamant that superior orders would not serve to excuse alleged Japanese war criminals from war crimes. What is clear from the trial documents and other archival material from Manila is that not all sections of the prosecution agreed with MacArthur’s interpretation of the law. However, it seems as though MacArthur’s pronouncement in relation to the application of superior orders may have had a profound impact on not only the Manila trials, but also with subsequent trials in World War II and beyond. This article explores the various arguments in relation to superior orders emanating from the US Army trials in Manila. The trials in Manila show that the rejection of superior orders as a defence in war crimes offered a reasonable foundation and precedent for how subsequent courts and tribunals evaluated the defence of superior orders within the context of war crimes jurisprudence.