bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising resting patterns of mother-calf humpback whale groups in a semi-enclosed embayment along the Australian east coast migration pathway
Authors: Jones Alexandra , Bruce Eleanor , Cato Douglas H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Humpback whales undertake extensive annual migrations between high latitude feeding grounds and low-latitude breeding grounds. On the migration back to feeding grounds, mothers and their newborn calves rest in coastal embayments for the energetic benefits provided. Unlike other areas where resting has been documented, Jervis Bay, on Australia’s east coast, is remote from both breeding and feeding grounds, and provides a unique opportunity to compare resting behaviour observed within a semi-enclosed embayment to observations offshore. Land-based, boat-based, and UAV surveys were conducted in Jervis Bay in 2018, 2019, and 2021. We show that (i) a disproportionately high percentage of groups with a calf enter Jervis Bay during the southbound migration, (ii) travelling speeds are significantly slower in the Bay compared to offshore, indicating resting behaviour, and (iii) aerial observations highlight resting and nurturing behaviour. Subsequently, we conclude that Jervis Bay is an important area for resting mother-calf humpback whale groups. With improved understanding of their behaviour and movement in the Bay, there is a need to monitor and manage increased anthropogenic activities during the southern migration season.
Determination of IC Age through Laser Irradiation
Authors: Sayed Munazza , Amrouch Hussam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work demonstrates an innovative methodology that utilizes laser irradiation to deduce the age of SRAMs within an Integrated Circuit (IC). Our proposed approach broadens the horizon for effective counterfeit IC detection– with the supplemental capability of approximating the age of ICs. This is momentous for sectors with highly prioritized safety standards, such as automotives. Our analysis is initiated by validating the nMOS and pMOS transistors within a 6-T SRAM cell against measurements of 22 nm FDSOI industrial transistors. Using accurate multi-physics Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations, we investigate the minimum laser energy at which bit-flip occurs in SRAM cells that are fresh and aged to varying extents. TCAD-based simulations capture the complex interactions of the underlying transistor physics, accounting for 1) aging-induced defects and 2) the electron-hole pairs generated by incident laser photons. Aging phenomena such as Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Hot-carrier Injection (HCI) manifest themselves as a shift in transistor electrical characteristics like threshold voltage (ΔVth) and carrier mobility (μ). As a result, SRAM reliability is seriously diminished. Simultaneously, laser irradiation creates electron-hole pairs that temporally decrease the transistor ON current. The combined effect of these processes further degrades SRAM reliability and considerably heightens the probability of bit-flip occurrence. Therefore, to test for bit-flip susceptibility, laser characteristics can be feasibly fine-tuned in accordance to the relation between 1) aging-induced ΔVth and 2) the minimum laser energy required to cause a bit-flip. Hence, our proposed methodology emerges as a facile yet effective solution to the problem of widespread counterfeit proliferation that is further aggravated by the current chip famine. This work presents the first step toward realizing a counterfeit detection technique that merely entails shining laser light on an IC and calculating the resulting SRAM bit-flip probability. Accordingly, the newness of an IC can be ascertained, else, if it is used (as is the case of a counterfeit), its operational lifetime can be estimated.
Indigenous fire stewardship omitted from savanna burning emissions abatement schemes in East and Southern African savanna-protected areas
Authors: Croker Abigail Rose , Woods Jeremy , Kountouris Yiannis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Late dry-season wildfires in Sub-Saharan Africa’s savanna-protected areas are intensifying, increasing carbon emissions, and threatening ecosystem functioning. Addressing these challenges requires local community engagement and support for wildfire policy. Savanna burning emissions abatement schemes first implemented in Northern Australia have been proposed as a communitybased fire management strategy for East and Southern Africa’s (ESA) protected areas. Here we critically examine the application of savanna burning emissions abatement schemes in ESA, characterizing their contextual and implementation challenges. We argue that the effective transfer of the Northern Australian fire management model in ESA savannas is limited by political and institutional barriers, and hindered by the region’s recent colonial history, population growth, and consequences of rapid climatic change.
Results
We show that the application of Northern Australian savanna burning methodologies in ESA tend to adopt centrally determined objectives and market-based approaches, prescribe early dry season burns, and assume biodiversity co-benefits. These features restrict opportunities for indigenous leadership in fire management and income generation through carbon trading, and present multiple biogeophysical inconsistencies that jeopardize emissions mitigation potential. We suggest that future feasibility and scoping assessments address asymmetries between policy-relevant institutions and local land governance systems, explicitly acknowledging colonial legacies in institutional arrangements across protected areas and hierarchies in agrarian politics that threaten processes of equitable decentralisation in natural resource management.
Conclusions
To provide a community-based strategy, savanna burning schemes need to establish context specific legal frameworks and implement free, prior, and informed consent to safeguard the roles and responsibilities of indigenous and local peoples and their distribution of carbon benefits.
Comparison of magnetic susceptibility probes commonly used in soil contamination applications
Authors: Ji Meiying , Ling Hongying , Liu Liang , Yang Yuying , Chen Ming , Yang Deyu , Liu Hongyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) technology can achieve the efficient rough measurement, mapping, and pollution assessment of soil heavy metal concentrations in topsoil due to atmospheric dust contamination. However, previous studies of commonly used MS field probes (MS2D, MS2F, and MS2K) have not dealt with the range of magnetic signal detection and the attenuation characteristics of the signal with respect to distance. In this study, the vertical and horizontal measurement ranges of the MS2D, MS2F, and MS2K probes were explored through laboratory and field experiments, and the intensity of their magnetic signals was further compared and analyzed in the field. The results showed that the magnetic signal intensity of the three probes decreased exponentially with distance. The penetration depths of the MS2D, MS2F, and MS2K probes were 8.5, 2.4, and 3.0 cm, respectively, and the horizontal detection boundary lengths of their magnetic signals were 32, 8, and 6.8 cm, respectively. In the field surface soil MS detection, the magnetic measurement signals of the MS2F and MS2K probes showed a weak linear correlation with the MS2D probe (R2 of 0.43 and 0.50, respectively), while the MS2F and MS2K probes had a significantly better correlation (R2 = 0.68) with each other. In general, the MS2D probe and MS2K probe correlation had a slope close to unity, meaning MS2K probes had good mutual substitution. Furthermore, results of this study improve the effectiveness of the MS evaluation of heavy metal pollution in urban topsoil.
Identification of the mitochondrial-Related Prognostic Biomarkers in patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: wei mei , wang wei , lin peng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the malignant development of tumors. The purpose of this study was to reveal the vast landscape in mitochondria of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC), establish a new prognosis model of mitochondrial-related genes (Mito-RGs), and explore its clinical potential and predictive value for treatment response. In this study, using HNSCC data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we constructed a classifier containing 13 Mito-RGs risk models for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC by the univariate Cox regression analysis and a minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis, and then verified in both internal and external validation cohort. According to the risk score calculated by the classifier, the samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Survival analysis showed that the survival outcome of high-risk group patients was significantly worse (p < 0.001). We used the Nomogram model to further predict the prognosis of patients. The results showed that the Mito-RGs-related prognostic model had good prediction performance. Identification of metabolic pathways with significant differences between high-risk and low-risk groups by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). We also evaluated the infiltration of immune cells and used the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm to estimate the potential response of immunotherapy in different risk groups. Our study constructed and validated a promising 13 Mito-RGs classifier for monitoring outcomes, which may provide potential indicators for metabolic therapy and therapeutic response prediction in HNSCC.
T18/S19 diphosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain impairs pulmonary artery relaxation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats
Authors: Cho Suhan , Oh Seung Beom , Kim Hae Jin , Kim Sung Joon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Phosphorylation of Ser19 (S19-p) on the myosin regulatory light chain (MLC2) is critical for arterial contraction. It has shown that elevated rho A-dependent kinase (ROCK) activity or decreased MLC phosphatase (MLCP) activity leads to further phosphorylation of Thr18 (T18/S19-pp), which has been linked to vasospastic diseases. However, this phenomenon has not yet been studied in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In monocrotaline-induced PAH (PAH-MCT) rat model, we observed a significant delay in pulmonary artery (PA) relaxation following high potassium-induced contraction, which persisted even with the use of a L-type calcium channel blocker or in a calcium-free solution. Immunoblot analysis showed increased levels of both S19-p and T18/S19-pp in unstimulated PAs from PAH-MCT rats. Proteomics analysis revealed a reduction in soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG) levels, and immunoblotting confirmed decreased levels of MYPT1 (a component of MLCP) and increased ROCK in PAH-MCT. In the control PAs, the pharmacological inhibition of sGC with ODQ resulted in a prominent delay of relaxation and increased T18/S19-pp as like PAH-MCT. The delayed relaxation and the T18/S19-pp in PAH-MCT was reversed by ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, while not by membrane permeable 8-Br-cGMP. The delayed relaxation and T18/S19-diP in the ODQ-treated control PA were also reversed by Y27632. Taken together, the increased T18/S19-pp leads to the decreased ability of PA to relax in PAH-MCT rats. This is caused by the decreased sGC and MLCP, and increased ROCK. Targeting and inhibiting ROCK may therefore be an effective strategy for pharmacological treatment of PAH.
Biosynthesis, Characterization and Anthelmintic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles of Clerodendrum infortunatum Isolate
Authors: Majumdar Rima , Kar Pradip Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the past few decades, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained importance for their therapeutic efficacy and eco-friendly nature. Integrating green chemistry principles into multidisciplinary nanoscience research has paved the way for developing environmentally benign and sustainable methods for synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles. In the present study, the flowers obtained from Clerodendrum infortunatum (L.), belonging to the family Verbenaceae, have been used for biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to evaluate the anthelmintic potential. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and TEM analyses were performed to ascertain the formation of AgNPs. Clerodendrum-derived AgNP (CLE-AgNP) has significantly affected the normal physiological functions of the poultry parasite Raillietina spp., a menace to the livestock industry. Our study manifests that CLE-AgNPs cause considerable distortion of the surface tegument of this cestode parasite leading to changes in the host-parasite interface. The histochemical localization studies of the tegument-associated enzymes viz. AcPase, AlkPase, ATPase and 5’-Nu, exposed to the drug, showed a substantial activity decline, thus establishing the anthelmintic potential of the CLE-AgNPs.
A panel of blood-based circulatory miRNAs with diagnostic potential in Psoriasis patients
Authors: Madaan Priyanka , Sharma Uttam , Tyagi Nipanshi , Brar Balvinder kaur , Bansal Shivani , Kushwaha Hemant R. , Kapoor Harmanpreet Singh , Jain Aklank , Jain Manju 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective To explore a set of inflammation associated circulatory miRNAs with potential role in etiopathology of psoriasis as differential disease biomarker/s.
Subjects and Methodology: Expression profiling of 15 immunologically relevant miRNA candidates was done on plasma samples from psoriasis vulgaris patients compared to healthy subjects by qRT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed for significantly altered miRNAs to evaluate their disease diagnostic potential. Correlation analysis among significantly altered miRNAs and their association with disease severity (PASI) was done to validate the candidates as robust disease biomarker/s. Downstream targets and the pathways for each of the significant miRNAs were deciphered using miR target prediction tools and pathway enrichment to elucidate their functional relevance in disease pathogenesis.
Results: 5 miRNAs exhibited a significant change in their expression level among the 15 candidates tested viz miR-215, miR-148a, miR-125b, miR-223 and miR-142-3p. ROCs for all the 5 miRNAs individually as well as in combination exhibited a significant disease discriminatory area under the curve, AUC = 0.762 and p< 0.0001 for all the miRNAs taken together. Statistically, all 5 miRNAs in combination depicted a robust model as disease severity correlate compared to individual miRNAs with highest R2 value = 0.94 and least AIC score =131.8. Each of the miRNA also exhibited a significant association with at least one of the other miRNAs in the panel. All the 5 miRNAs exhibited functional role in psoriasis immune-pathogenesis in terms of their downstream targets and signaling pathways.
Conclusion: In summary our findings identify a panel of blood-based circulatory miRNAs comprising miR-215, miR-148a, miR-125b-5p, miR-223 and miR-142-3p that can differentiate psoriasis vulgaris patients from healthy individuals. In light of the role of each of these miRNAs in modulating immune-inflammatory pathways, the panel provides a rationalized combination of biomarkers that can be tested further on an expanded cohort of patients for its diagnostic value.
The Ganga around Kolkata: How safe is the river on bio-physical criteria?
Authors: Nayek Sayan , Das Pritom , Pati Anshuman , Safui Debjit , Sahoo Praptinanda , Prusty Arpan , Das Amlan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Ganga River basin is home to a diverse range of benthic flora and fauna. The Ganga River's health is deteriorating due to anthropogenic activities such as untreated garbage disposal, detergent and chemical contaminations, animal bathing, idol immersion, etc. The current study looks at the variations of zooplankton community assemblage in the Ganga River with diverse physical qualities from twelve locations along the river's southernmost stretch. Both banks of the river basin in the Indian state of West Bengal were considered for the study locations. All physical characteristics, such as water PH, conductivity, TDS, and salinity, except for the temperature, differ significantly between the study locations. There was an inverse relationship between physical factors and zooplankton abundance along the river. Cyclops and Daphnia were the most prevalent organisms identified in our study. The presence of industrial belts, large sewage systems, and human activities in the study sites was responsible for the fluctuating zooplankton diversity indices.
The prevalence of misophonia in a representative population-based survey in Germany
Authors: Pfeiffer Elisa , Allroggen Marc , Sachser Cedric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Misophonia is a new disorder, currently defined as significant emotional and physiological distress when exposed to certain sounds. Although there is a growing body of literature on the characteristics of the disorder, the prevalence in the general population is still relatively unknown. This study therefore aims at determining the prevalence and symptom severity of misophonia in a large and representative general population sample in Germany.
Methods
To examine the prevalence of misophonic sounds, misophonic reactions and misophonia severity, a cross-sectional population representative survey in Germany has been conducted. Participants (N = 2.522) were questioned retrospectively about misophonic symptoms using the Amsterdam Misophonie Scale – Revised (AMISOS-R).
Results
Overall 33.3% reported to be sensitive to at least one specific misophonic sound. Within the total sample, subthreshold symptoms were reported by 21.3%, mild symptoms were reported by 9.9%, moderate to severe symptoms were reported by 2.1%, and severe to extreme symptoms were reported in 0.1% of participants.
Conclusion
Based on the diverging presentations and prevalence rates of misophonic sounds, reactions and symptoms according to the severity, it seems worthwhile to conceptualize misophonia as a continuous spectrum disorder (subthreshold, mild, moderate to severe) instead of a categorical diagnosis.
Optimal Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Multi-Source Deregulated Power System with Electric Vehicles Using Teaching Learning-Based Optimization: A Comparative Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Prasad Lal Bahadur 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article aims to present the efficacy analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging process as a sink or a distributed energy source (DES) in the framework of LFC problem of multi-area multi-source deregulated power system (MAMS-DPS). The energy storage/extraction of EVs acts a noteworthy role in mitigation of deviation frequency of DPS. A problem of AGC system for two-area DPS having two thermal power generators of non-reheat type and aggregated fleet of EVs in each area is considered for study here. The electric power contract between the distribution (DISCOs) and generation (GENCOs) companies in the restructured environment of DPS is specified through a contract participation matrix named as the DPM. In DPS area deviation frequency, generated and tie-line powers fluctuate in case of variation of load. To resolve these problems the efficacy of EV is accessed applying the optimal control scheme using TLBO algorithm and compared performances with the control schemes based on the optimization algorithms of GA as well as PSO, and PI, PID control schemes. The comparative performance of responses of system variables of the deviation frequency, generated power, and tie-line power are analysed applying the control schemes as PI control for without/with EV cases, and PID control, and the GA/PSO/TLBO tuned-PI/PID control schemes for with EV case. The TLBO-PID control scheme outperforms to mitigate the deviations observing the steady-state error, undershoot, overshoot, and settling time performance indices.
Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Simultaneously Fusing and Transferring of Multi-level Speech Features
Authors: zha cheng , tang yu zang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To improve the speech emotion recognition accuracy with availability of multi-level features, it is natural to fuse the emotion information and reduce the distribution mismatch of multi-level features simultaneously. To address the above issues, based on two constraints, we propose a novel transfer multiple kernel learning for fusing multi-level features (MFF-TMKL) . The first constraint aims at fusing the emotion information from multi-level features. Correspondingly, a weighted collaborative representation constraint is proposed to learn the similarity and distinctiveness of multi-level features by a space induced by the multiple kernel functions The second one aims at reducing the Maximum Mean Discrepancy of multi-level features also in this multiple kernel induced space. Experimental results on the Aibo emotional speech database show that:(1) MFF-TMKL achieves significant improvement than MKL, TMKL and MFF-TMKL with only one constraint. Specifically, using the utterance-level and unvoiced-level features, MFF-TMKL achieve the optimal recognition accuracy with 43.4% (2 ) using the utterance-level and unvoiced-level features, the recognition rate of MFF-TMKL is higher than the several state-of-the-art algorithms methods.
The Cytotoxic Effect of Cysteamine and its Combinations with Various Endodontic Intracanal Medications on Fibroblast Cells; in Vitro Study
Authors: Elgammal Esraa , Mahran abeer , elashry salma , Fahmy sarah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: This study was established to assess cysteamine’s cytotoxic effect alone and in combination with various intracanal medications on fibroblast cells. Because the biocompatibility of intracanal medication is considered one of the main factors that affect the selection of specific medication for usage near vital periodontal tissues.
Materials and Methods: All tested medications were prepared in a solution form. Cysteamine preparation was prepared at 200mg/ml concentration in distilled water. Chlorhexidine Cysteamine combination was prepared by dissolving 10 mg/ml of Cysteamine in CHX. Calcium hydroxide Cysteamine combination was prepared by dissolving 10 mg/mL of Cysteamine in a saturated solution of CaOH. TAP Cysteamine combination was prepared by dissolving 10 mg/mL of Cysteamine in TAP. BHK cells were seeded in well-microtiter plates. The testing materials were filtrated using a 0.22 μm syringe filter. BHK-21 cells precultured well plates were treated with descending 12-fold serially diluted medications at 37 °C for 24 h. Residual living cells were treated with 25 μl of MTT dye. MTT was discarded, then Dimethyl sulfoxide was added as 50 μl/well. The absorbance was conducted at 570nm. The mean optical density and 50 % cell growth inhibition (IC50) were calculated. The significance level was set at p≤0.05.
Results: Viability % and IC50 results showed that TAP Cysteamine combination had the lowest cytotoxicity level compared to other intracanal combinations followed by Cysteamine and the highest cytotoxicity was with Chlorhexidine Cysteamine combination.
Conclusion: TAP Cysteamine combination was the safest drug compared to other drug combinations with cysteamine, so it needs more research to detect its acceptance with stem cells and its effect on defense mechanisms during healing.