bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Investigation of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Lumbar Vertebral Morphology ‒ A Biomechanical Aspect
Authors: Mitrović Marko Jumake , Kitanović Sara , Tatalović Nikola , Todorović Anastasija , Lazarević Macanović Mirjana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Numerous studies are based on the use of animal models; however, in bipedal and tetrapedal organisms there are significant differences in the biomechanics of the spinal column, which can significantly impair the quality and applicability of the results obtained. The aim of this study is to obtain basic data on the morphometric parameters of guinea pig lumbar vertebrae, the analysis of which will indicate the location of the biggest mechanical load. The lumbar vertebra morphometry test was performed by means of X-ray imageing obtained from 12 guinea pigs, with equal numbers of males and females. The results of investigations show that guinea pig lumbar vertebrae have an irregular trapezoid geometry and that the measured body lengths of L4 and L5 are the largest. The height parameters determined in the medial level showed that L4 had the most concave body. Moreover, L4 had the greatest depth of the spinal canal at the same measurement level. Consequently, in guinea pigs, the greatest load is in the L4 region, unlike in humans, where, due to the axial load of the spinal column, the highest pressure is exerted on the last lumbar vertebrae.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine and Human
Authors: Gulaydin Ozgul , Gurturk Kemal , Ekin Ismail Hakki , Ilhan Ziya , Arabaci Cigdem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, penicillin, oxacillin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance in S. aureus strains that were isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and human patients were investigated. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iML) was not found in 30 bovine isolates, while it was detected in 3 (10%) of 30 human isolates. MIC90 values of penicillin, oxacillin and macrolide-lincosamides (ML) were 2, 0.19, >256 µg/ml in bovine isolates and were 3, 3 and 0.19-1.5 µg/ml in human isolates, respectively. Streptogramin resistance was not found in both bovine and human isolates. Although the mecA gene was detected in all of the oxacillin resistant isolates, blaZ gene could not be detected in penicillin resistant isolates. The erm(B) gene was detected in 5 (38.6%) of 13 ML-resistant bovine isolates, and the mph(C) gene was detected in 2 (66.66%) of 3 human isolates. As a result, resistance to penicillin and oxacillin was found to be higher in human S. aureus isolates, while ML resistance was found to be higher in bovine isolates in this investigation. It was concluded that the presence of genes in extra-chromosomal elements associated to penicillin and macrolide resistance should be investigated. The data obtained from this study will contribute to the studies on antimicrobial susceptibility in the field of human and veterinary medicine.
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes in Dogs Fed with Commercial Granulated Food
Authors: Popović Tamara , Debeljak Martačić Jasmina , Pokimica Biljana , Ravić Branko , Ranković Slavica , Glibetić Maria , Stepanović Predrag 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) benefits human and animal health. Our study aimed to analyze the long-chain n-3 PUFA content of two types of food and their effect on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids of Belgian Shepherd dogs. A total of 10 dogs were fed commercial granulated food (Food 1), and another 10 were provided commercial Premium granulated food of high quality (Food 2). All the analyses were performed using gas-liquid chromatography. Our results showed that Food 1 contained more n-3 PUFA than Food 2, which was reflected in higher n-3 PUFA in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Because long-chain n-3 PUFA in phospholipids are precursors for antioxidative molecules, further studies should investigate the effects of the analyzed commercial granulated food rich in n-3 on oxidative stress parameters in dogs.
Fowl Adenovirus Infection – Potential Cause of a Suppressed Humoral Immune Response of Broilers to Newcastle Disease Vaccination
Authors: Maletić Jelena , Spalević Ljiljana , Kureljušić Branislav , Veljović Ljubiša , Maksimović-Zorić Jelena , Maletić Milan , Milićević Vesna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fowl adenovirus infections have a significant economic impact, especially in the production of broilers. It is considered the leading cause of three syndromes: adenoviral gizzard erosions and ulcerations, inclusion body hepatitis, and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome. A critical feature of this virus is its immunosuppressive effect, via suppressing humoral and cellular immunity.
In this study, we examined the humoral immune response after administration of the Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler flocks with previously confirmed seroconversion against Fowl adenovirus. The study was conducted on 5 farms. A total of 220 chickens, five weeks of age, showing no clinical signs of the disease, were included in this study. The control group consisted of 20 chickens from a negative farm. Chickens were vaccinated with commercially available live NDV vaccines between 11 and 13 days of life. ELISA determined the presence of specific antibodies against FAdV in a total of 130/200 (65%) blood sera. Depending on the farm, seroprevalence ranged from 30-100%. The presence of specific antibodies against NDV was determined three weeks after vaccination using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. A positive hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer (≥ 16) was found in 41/200 (20.5%) sera, which was significantly less compared to the control farm, where a positive HI titer was found in 20/20 (100%) sera.
The results of our study indicate the immunosuppressive effect of FAdV in subclinically infected birds and highlight the need for its diagnosis, prevention, and control.
Characteristics of Respondents to Web-Based or Traditional Interviews in Mixed-Mode Surveys. Evidence from the Italian Permanent Population Census
Authors: Grimaccia Elena , Naccarato Alessia , Gallo Gerardo , Cecconi Novella , Fratoni Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to provide useful tools for researchers in the design of actions to promote participation in web surveys, it is key to study the characteristics that define the profile of a “web respondent”, so that specific interventions can be planned. In this contribution, which draws on data collected during the 2019 housing population census in Italy, we define the set of familial and geographical characteristics that correspond to a greater probability that the interviewed household will choose to respond online, by estimating a multilevel model. The profile of a “computer-assisted web interview household” (CAWI-H) is then defined, on the basis of the structural characteristics of this population. Moreover, the geographical distribution of households is studied according to their distance from the CAWI-H profile. The results show that households that are more distant from the CAWI-H profile have characteristics that correspond to segments of the population generally affected by economic and social fragility; they are mainly elderly, foreigners, residents in small towns, and people with a low level of education. It is to these households in particular that survey designers can address specific actions that can enhance their willingness to participate in web surveys.
A Two-Stage Bennet Decomposition of the Change in the Weighted Arithmetic Mean
Authors: von Brasch Thomas , Grini Håkon , Johnsen Magnus Berglund , Vigtel Trond Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The weighted arithmetic mean is used in a wide variety of applications. An infinite number of possible decompositions of the change in the weighted mean are available, and it is therefore an open question which of the possible decompositions should be applied. In this article, we derive a decomposition of the change in the weighted mean based on a two-stage Bennet decomposition. Our proposed decomposition is easy to employ and interpret, and we show that it satisfies the difference counterpart to the index number time reversal test. We illustrate the framework by decomposing aggregate earnings growth from 2020Q4 to 2021Q4 in Norway and compare it with some of the main decompositions proposed in the literature. We find that the wedge between the identified compositional effects from the proposed two-stage Bennet decomposition and the one-stage Bennet decomposition is substantial, and for some industries, the compositional effects have opposite signs.
The small non-coding RNA rli106 contributes to the environmental adaptation and pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Guo Yun , Ji Chunhui , Wang Lixia , Ning Chengcheng , Li Na , Li Zhiyuan , Shang Yunxia , Li Yaling , Sun Yaoqiang , Huang Xiaoxing , Li Jie , Cai Xuepeng , Meng Qingling , Qiao Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an important food-borne pathogen, and the risk of its ingestion is a serious public health issue. The better its environmental adaptation mechanisms and pathogenicity are understood, the better the risk it poses can be countered. The regulatory role of the small non-coding RNA (sRNA) rli106 in the environmental adaptation and pathogenicity of LM is still unclear and this study investigated that role through its biological function.

Material and Methods
An LM-Δrli106 gene deletion strain and an LM-Δrli106/rli106 gene complementation strain were constructed using the homologous recombination technique. Then, the adaptation of these strains to temperature, alkalinity, acidity, salinity, ethanol and oxidative stressors, their biofilm-forming ability and their pathogenicity in mice were investigated to show the regulatory roles of sRNA rli106 in LM. The target gene of rli106 was also predicted, and the interaction between it and rli106 was verified by a two-plasmid co-expressing system based on
E.coli
and Western blot analysis.

Results
The adaptation of LM-Δrli106 to environmental stressors of pH 9, 5% NaCl and 8% NaCl, 3.8% ethanol and 5 mM H2O2 was significantly reduced when compared to the parental (LM EGD-e) and complementation strains. Also, the biofilm formation, cell adhesion, invasion, intracellular proliferation and pathogenicity of LM-Δrli106 in mice were significantly reduced. The results of two-plasmid co-expression and Western blot showed that rli106 can interact with the mRNA of the predicted DegU target gene.

Conclusion
The sRNA rli106 may positively regulate the expression of the DegU gene in LM. This study sheds light on its regulatory roles in environmental adaptation and pathogenicity, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of sRNA mediation in LM .
Recombinant hexon protein as a new bovine adenovirus type 3 subunit vaccine candidate
Authors: Gundegmaa Uudamsaikhan , Raadan Odbileg , Wu Hsing-Chieh , Wang Hsian-Yu , Wu Min-Chia , Chu Chun-Yen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Bovine adenovirus (BAdV) type 3 causes respiratory and gastroenteric diseases of varying severity in cattle, particularly newborn calves. Trials have been conducted of a vaccination against the diseases caused by BAdV using both modified live-virus and inactivated-virus preparations in cattle, but no commercial BAdV-3 vaccine has yet reached the market. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new, safe, and effective vaccines against BAdV-3.

Material and Methods
Recombinant hexon protein (rhexon) of BAdV-3 was expressed in the E. coli system to evaluate immune response in mice and goats. Antibody responses and cytokine levels were analysed and the effects of administrations of different amounts of recombinant protein compared. Long-term antibody production was evaluated by indirect ELISA, and the total immunoglobulin G secreted by goats and mice immunised with the purified rhexon protein was determined.

Results
The immunised mice had a stronger antibody response than the control group at eight weeks post vaccination. The immunised groups also showed significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) expression of interferon-γ, interleukin 2 (in mice), and interleukin 21 (in goats) at four weeks. Furthermore, vaccination with rhexon was able to induce long-term antibody production for at least 16 weeks in mice and goats.

Conclusion
The rhexon protein induced immune responses, especially long-term antibody production and T helper 1 cell cytokine production in mice and goats. The immunogenic properties of this protein make it a promising subunit vaccine antigen.
CFD Study of Base Drag of the Grot Rocket
Authors: Sahbon Nezar , Michałów Maciej , Murpani Siddharth , Żurawka Paulina , Kaczmarek Kacper 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Propulsion system operation is known to affect the aerodynamic characteristics of rockets. Specifically, the net axial force acting on a rocket in flight cannot be precisely obtained by combining the static thrust with drag values computed for a rocket with an inactive motor. One of the main reasons for this is the influence of motor operation on pressure at the base of the rocket. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of motor operation on the aerodynamic parameters of the Grot sounding rocket developed by the Students’ Space Association, Warsaw University of Technology. The study consists of two series of axisymmetrical computational fluid dynamic simulations of flow around the rocket – one with the motor being non-operational and the other with active thrust. In the post-processing phase, the axial force acting on various components of the rocket is computed, with an emphasis on the base and nozzle exit sections. Quantitative and qualitative differences between the cases with and without active thrust are highlighted and discussed. The obtained results are compared to a semi-empirical model found in the literature. Finally, a semi-empirical base drag model is proposed for use in Grot flight simulation.
Enhancement of Control Jet Performance in Supersonic Crossflows Through Pilot Injection
Authors: Grandhi Raj Kiran , Roy Arnab 
Published: March 2023

Injection of a control jet into a supersonic crossflow creates a large region of separated flow in the vicinity of injection, altering the pressure distribution on the parent body, and consequently the effectiveness of the injected jet in producing the desired control forces and moments. In the case of an axisymmetric parent body, this disruption typically results in a loss of effectiveness due to the spillover of the shock structures around the parent body. In this study, a novel technique for enhancing this jet effectiveness on bodies of revolution by means of employing a pilot injection upstream of the main control jet is proposed and evaluated at different external flow conditions. We show that diverting a small fraction ([Formula: see text]) of the primary control jet mass flow rate through an orifice situated five to 10 jet diameters upstream causes an earlier disruption of the external flow, leading to a weaker shock system around the primary injector. This reduces the extent of adverse interaction region and results in a lower spillover of the shock and vortical structures to the bottom side, leading to a significant improvement of the control effectiveness.
The Arctic's resource composition, production challenges and prospects
Authors: Коваленко М.С. , Сибилева Е.В. 
Published: March 2023

Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена тем, что Арктика имеет значительный состав полезных ископаемых и не все из них добываются, хотя потенциал месторождений весьма велик, что вызывает интерес для изучения. Целью данной работы стало понять причину того, что мешает выйти на большие мощности добычи. Были поставлены следующие задачи: – рассмотреть добываемые полезные ископаемые в каждом субъекте Арктической зоны Российской Федерации (АЗРФ); – изучить сложности, не дающие в короткие сроки начать добычу; – выявить перспективы развития добывающей отрасли. В процессе написания статьи был проанализирован большой объем научной и статистической информации о состоянии использования минерально-сырьевых баз каждого субъекта, а также инвестиционные порталы, которые в совокупности дали представление о направлении развития регионов и их планов на будущее. Так же была проведена работа по поиску программ, направленных на внедрение новых технологий, позволяющих решить имеющиеся сложности, которые препятствуют наращиванию мощи. По итогам работы был сформулирован вывод, что АЗРФ имеет значительный сырьевой потенциал, который еще находится в недрах, и третий трек Арктической стартап-экспедиции, в рамках которого предаются инновационные идеи, направленные на оптимизацию сложных процессов, а также множество других важных и нужных проектов, способных значительно повлиять на текущую ситуацию и повысить экономические показатели регионов.
The relevance of this paper stems from the fact that the Arctic has a significant mineral composition and not all of them are mined, although the potential of the deposits is very high, which is of interest to study. The purpose of this study was to understand the reason that prevents reaching large mining capacities. The following objectives were set: – examine the mined minerals in each Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF); – examine the difficulties that prevent mining operations from starting in the short term; – identify the prospects for the development of the extractive industry. In the process of writing the article a large amount of scientific and statistical information was analysed on the state of utilization of the mineral resource base of each subject, as well as investment portals, which together gave an insight into the direction of development of the regions and their plans for the future. Work was also carried out to search for programs aimed at introducing new technologies to solve existing difficulties that are hindering the increment of capacity. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that the ASRF has a significant raw material potential, which is still in the bowels, and the third track of the Arctic Start-up Expedition, within which innovative ideas are transmitted aimed at optimizing complex processes, as well as many other important and necessary projects, capable of significantly influencing the current situation and boost the regions' economic performance.
Trends in the Formation and Prospects for the Development of Arctic Law
Authors: Слепцов А.Н. , Иванова И.А. 
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются тенденции формирования и развития арктического права. Анализируется процесс вхождения в юридическую теорию и практику термина «Арктическое право», зарубежные и отечественные доктрины. Отмечается, что сложные общественные отношения, в которых сошлись международные, национальные стратегические интересы государств, коллективные и индивидуальные интересы юридических и физических лиц породили процесс формирования новейшей межсистемной области права в сфере правового регулирования устойчивого развития Арктики, именуемой термином «Арктическое право». Новый феномен права требует теоретического, научного обоснования предмета и метода регулирования для определения его места в системе права. В условиях новых вызов современности, развитие и содержание норм отечественного арктического права должно соответствовать документам стратегического планирования и обеспечения национальной безопасности в Арктике, целям устойчивого развития.
The article deals with the trends in the formation and development of the Arctic law. It analyzes the process of entering the term «Arctic law» into legal theory and practice, foreign and domestic doctrines. It is noted that complex social relations in which the international, national strategic interests of states, collective and individual interests of legal entities and individuals have converged, gave rise to the formation of the newest intersystem area of law in the field of legal regulation of the sustainable development of the Arctic, referred to as the term «Arctic law». The new phenomenon of law requires a theoretical, scientific substantiation of the subject and method of regulation in order to determine its place in the system of law, the direction of development as a science and educational discipline, which is of growing interest in Russia and around the world. In the context of the new challenges of modernity, the development and content of the norms of domestic Arctic law should comply with the documents of strategic planning and ensuring national security in the Arctic, the objectives of sustainable development.
Программы символьных вычислений и обобщенные числа Каталана в задачах анализа случайных точечных структур
Authors: Reznik A.L. , Tuzikov A.V. , Soloviev A.A. , Torgov A.V. 
Published: March 2023

New algorithms for calculating exact analytical dependences arising in the solution of various theoretical and applied problems related to the analysis of random point structures are proposed, substantiated and implemented. New scientific results presented in this work were obtained using original research methods based on computer analytics programs using generalized multidimensional Catalan numbers.
Предложены, обоснованы и программно реализованы новые алгоритмы расчета точных аналитических зависимостей, возникающих при решении различных теоретических и прикладных задач, связанных с анализом случайных точечных структур. Отличительной особенностью работы является то, что достигнутые в ней новые научные результаты получены с помощью оригинальных методов исследования на основе программ компьютерной аналитики с использованием обобщенных многомерных чисел Каталана.
Tecnologias da informação, concentração de conhecimento e relações internacionais: a atuação da Microsoft no Brasil
Authors: Motta Murilo 
Published: March 2023

Este artigo procura demonstrar que o estudo das tecnologias da informação é um campo que merece destaque na pesquisa na área de Relações Internacionais, não só porque estas tecnologias foram decisivas na estruturação do sistema interestatal pós-2ª Guerra, mas também porque elas continuam a transformar as relações humanas em seus aspectos mais fundamentais, graças à popularização da Internet, das plataformas e redes digitais. Nosso objeto de estudo é a atuação da Microsoft no Brasil. Estudamos os casos do contencioso entre o Brasil e os EUA na questão da informática, na década de 1980, bem como as denúncias de espionagem internacional por parte do governo dos EUA ao longo dos anos 2000 e como a empresa explora o modo de produção do “capitalismo de vigilância”. Argumentamos que a concentração dos conhecimentos e capacidades necessários para o desenvolvimento dessas tecnologias em alguns poucos países centrais, notadamente os EUA, além de consolidar as assimetrias econômicas globais, também sujeita cidadãos estrangeiros às leis e políticas estadunidenses, devido às relações históricas de cooperação entre as grandes empresas de tecnologias da informação e o governo dos EUA, o que consolida assimetrias culturais e sociopolíticas entre as populações do centro e aquelas da periferia e semiperiferia do sistema interestatal.