bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional neurological disorder: A common reason for a neurology inpatient referral
Authors: Ramsay Neil , Stone Jon , Fadiloglu Kubra , Baxter Mariella , Hutchison Caroline , Bennett Karina , Moullaali Tom , Mathur Jai , Bridson James , Hoeritzauer Ingrid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIn 2021, the European Academy of Neurology's training requirements were updated to include functional neurological disorder (FND) as a core topic for the first time. To reinforce these changes, we aimed to understand the proportion of inpatients (in non‐neurology settings) who are diagnosed with FND.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on diagnoses made after inpatient ward reviews from neurology trainees at three tertiary neurology centres in Scotland from April to September 2021. We assessed healthcare utilization data for patients with a diagnosis of FND, epilepsy and epileptic seizures, or a neuroinflammatory disorder over the preceding 12 months.ResultsThere were 437 inpatient reviews for 424 patients by 13 trainees. The largest single diagnosis was FND (n = 80, 18%), followed by epilepsy (n = 64, 14%), primary headache disorder (n = 40, 9%) and neuroinflammatory disorders (n = 28, 6%). There was an uncertain diagnosis for 48 reviews (11%). Compared to patients with epilepsy or neuroinflammatory disorders, patients with FND had a similar number of admissions (2 vs. 2 vs. 1) and brain/spine imaging studies (2 vs. 1 vs. 2).ConclusionsIn Scotland, FND was the most common diagnosis made after a request for an inpatient review by a neurologist from another department in the hospital. Patients with FND have similar health resource needs to those with other common neurological disorders when they present to hospitals with tertiary neurology centres. This data supports the inclusion of FND as a core curriculum topic in neurology training.
ESG disclosure, CEO power and incentives and corporate risk‐taking
Authors: Menla Ali Faek , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaoxiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure on corporate risk‐taking and how this impact is further affected by chief executive officer (CEO) power and incentives within US companies. We find that ESG disclosure decreases corporate risk‐taking based on both accounting‐based and market‐based returns. Further, we find that ESG disclosure is more effective in mitigating market‐based risk‐taking than accounting‐based risk‐taking in a firm with a powerful CEO. In contrast, CEO's ESG‐incentivized engagement bonuses weaken ESG disclosure impacts in reducing both types of risk‐taking. Our analysis helps understanding of different trade‐offs of ESG disclosure in aligning all stakeholders' benefits under different managerial‐related factors.
Measuring J‐R curve under dynamic loading conditions using digital image correlation
Authors: Chen Cheng , Qian Xudong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article describes a convenient method to quantify the dynamic J‐R curve through digital image correlation (DIC). The DIC approach, verified through numerical and experimental results for single edge notched bend (SE(B)) specimens, quantifies the dynamic J‐R curve during the drop‐weight tearing test (DWTT). The proposed method enables consistent measurement of the J‐integral and the amount of crack extension solely from the DIC measured displacement on the specimen surface, which facilitates direct comparison of fracture toughness under different strain rates. The results demonstrate enhanced Mode‐I fracture resistance of metallic materials under increased strain rates.
‘High proliferative cribriform prostate cancer’ defines a patient subgroup with an inferior prognosis
Authors: Bogaard Mari , Skotheim Rolf I , Maltau Aase V , Kidd Susanne G , Lothe Ragnhild A , Axcrona Karol , Axcrona Ulrika 
Published: July 2023

AimsA cribriform pattern, reactive stroma (RS), PTEN, Ki67 and ERG are promising prognostic biomarkers in primary prostate cancer (PCa). We aim to determine the relative contribution of these factors and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical (CAPRA‐S) score in predicting PCa prognosis.Methods and resultsWe included 475 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (2010–12, median follow‐up = 8.7 years). Cribriform pattern was identified in 57% of patients, PTEN loss in 55%, ERG expression in 51%, RS in 39% and high Ki67 in 9%. In patients with multiple samples from the same malignant focus and either PTEN loss or high Ki67, intrafocal heterogeneity for PTEN and Ki67 expression was detected in 55% and 89%, respectively. In patients with samples from two or more foci, interfocal heterogeneity was detected in 46% for PTEN and 6% for Ki67. A cribriform pattern and Ki67 were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR), whereas ERG expression was an independent predictor of CR. Besides CAPRA‐S, a cribriform pattern provided the highest relative proportion of explained variation for predicting BCR (11%), and Ki67 provided the highest relative proportion of explained variation for CR (21%). In patients with a cribriform pattern, high Ki67 was associated with a higher risk of BCR [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.83, P < 0.001] and CR (HR = 4.35, P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh Ki67 in patients with a cribriform pattern identifies a patient subgroup with particularly poor prognosis, which we termed ‘high proliferative cribriform prostate cancer’. These results support reporting a cribriform pattern in pathology reports, and advocate implementing Ki67.
Histological findings of thyroid cancer after lenvatinib therapy
Authors: Okubo Yoichiro , Toda Soji , Sato Shinya , Yoshioka Emi , Ono Kyoko , Hasegawa Chie , Washimi Kota , Yokose Tomoyuki , Miyagi Yohei , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Hayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2023

AimsLenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor used for treating unresectable or metastatic cancers, including thyroid cancer. As total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine therapy is a commonly recommended initial treatment for thyroid cancer, histological findings of the thyroid after lenvatinib therapy remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse in‐vivo changes in patients who underwent thyroidectomy after lenvatinib therapy.Methods and resultsWe screened 167 patients with thyroid cancer [papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), n = 102; follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), n = 26; anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), n = 39] who underwent lenvatinib therapy. Among these patients, six underwent thyroidectomy (lenvatinib‐treated group: PTC, n = 3; FTC, n = 1; ATC, n = 2), and the specimens were examined. Five patients with PTC who did not receive lenvatinib therapy were included for comparison (untreated group). Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated in both groups. The PTC and FTC specimens showed relatively more ischaemic changes than ATC specimens. Coagulative necrosis and ischaemic changes in cancer cells were frequently observed. ATC specimens showed fibrosis and mild cell damage. As hypothyroidism is a common side effect of lenvatinib therapy, non‐cancerous thyroid tissues were also examined. Histological findings included mild lymphocytic infiltration, lymphoid follicular formation, histiocytic reaction and follicular epithelial destruction. The MVD in lenvatinib‐treated tissues was significantly lower than that in untreated tissues.ConclusionsLenvatinib therapy probably induces relatively specific ischaemic changes in thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased MVD occur to varying degrees in non‐cancerous thyroid tissue and may be related to hypothyroidism, a side effect of lenvatinib.
Possible impact of HLA class I and class II on malignancies driven by a single germ‐line BRCA1 mutation
Authors: Ivanova Milena , Ormandjieva Anastasia , Dodova Rumyana , Kaneva Radka , Shivarov Velizar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study provides the first immunogenetic preliminary evidence that specific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles and haplotypes may be relevant for BRCA1 c.5263_5264insC driven oncogenesis. Observed HLA associations might have practical implications for establishment of predictive markers for the response to immunotherapies in malignancies driven by this germ‐line mutation.
Effects of collaborative filtering‐based peer recommendation mechanism on in‐service teachers’ learning performance, knowledge construction, and social network during online training
Authors: Ma Ning , Gong Kaixin , Zeng Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCollaborative learning has become a crucial approach to promoting online in‐service teacher training. Appropriate peer recommendation for group composition is the basis to ensure productive learning outcomes of collaborative learning. However, there is a lack of understanding of the impact of peer recommendation on in‐service teachers' online training.ObjectivesTherefore, based on the collaborative filtering approach, a peer recommendation mechanism for in‐service teachers was constructed in this study. We investigated the effects of the constructed mechanism on in‐service teachers' online learning performance, interactive knowledge construction behavioural patterns and social networks.MethodsIn this study, 82 in‐service teachers were recruited to participate in the study. Participants under the experimental condition (n = 41) were invited to apply collaborative filtering‐based peer recommendation mechanism for grouping, while participants under the control condition (n = 41) were invited to use random grouping method. Participants' interaction data were collected from online collaborative discussion activities in a 5‐week asynchronous online course. The pre‐post knowledge test, content analysis, lag sequential analysis and social network analysis were used to analyse the differences between groups.Results and ConclusionsThe following findings were revealed: (1) the experimental group performed better than the control group in terms of online learning performance; (2) interactive knowledge construction behavioural patterns generated in collaborative activities showed that the experimental group achieved deeper level of knowledge construction in collaboration than the control group; (3) social networks generated in collaborative activities showed that the experimental group had tighter interaction relationships than the control group. Therefore, the peer recommendation mechanism could be useful to improve peer recommendation for group composition and had positive effects on in‐service teachers' online training.ImplicationsThis study can shed light on the construction of peer recommendation mechanism in recommending appropriate peers for in‐service teachers and different learners in online collaborative learning.
The role of the courts in conflict resolution in UK flood risk management
Authors: Khalil Khizar , Penning‐Rowsell Edmund C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConflicting interests in flood risk management (FRM) frequently arise, resulting in disputes which are often resolved through mutual agreement. Nevertheless, a small number of cases require legal intervention when negotiation or mediation fails. This can publicly reveal the conflict often hidden in these mutual agreements. The two areas that intersect to create this conflict are spatial planning and flood risk reduction strategies that may impact property rights. This research explores the nature of such conflict in FRM and its possible resolution. Through an analysis of 25 all‐UK legal Court transcripts, we investigate the underlying flood‐related disputation, dispute types, and how they were resolved. Our findings reveal that certain disputes remain unresolved prior to Court proceedings due to misunderstandings about spatial planning in at‐risk areas. In addition, the depiction and the accuracy of flood risk assessments can be a contentious issue. Some FRM disputes remain irresolvable due to the differences in collective and individual aspirations about the use of land by various interests: developers, local authorities, residents, landowners, and farmers. Understanding these FRM disputes and their judicial resolution is valuable in unambiguously revealing who are the ultimate ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in these fiercely contested struggles.
Circular economy: A new research field?
Authors: Kirchherr Julian , Urbinati Andrea , Hartley Kris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAction to pursue the circular economy (CE) transition is burgeoning in the government and the private sector. Does this action signal that CE is a distinct field of research with a unique disciplinary identity? This article argues that CE has reached field status, through its own epistemic communities characterized by increasingly shared methodological perspectives and normative ideals, and through institutionalized knowledge development through research journals and authority structures. The recent growth of CE research points toward more contextualized and nuanced operationalizations of the concept, evidence that the field is approaching a threshold state of maturity. Drawing on observations from academic literature and discussions with researchers and experts, we trace the process by which CE has arrived at the status of a field. The article concludes with reflections on research directions.
Drivers of urban metabolism: Toward a framework for urban transformations
Authors: Papangelou Anastasia , Bahers Jean‐Baptiste , Aissani Lynda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe environmental and social crises in cities call for radical future visions that can incite transformative change. Yet, urban metabolism research typically adopts an explanatory, retrospective approach to the drivers of urban flows and stocks, resulting in conservative, business‐as‐usual future outlooks. In this study, we present the results of a narrative literature review on drivers and futures of urban metabolism, and consequently use these results to propose and apply a framework that can be used by researchers (i) to systematically identify the drivers of urban metabolism, and (ii) to critically engage with these drivers for the development of transformative future visions. The framework comprises seven thematic categories of drivers (demographic, economic, cultural, political, technological, environmental, and infrastructural) and an eighth category (power) to be used as the lens through which the interactions between drivers, activities, and flows in the city are critically examined. Applying the framework to the case study of biowaste management in Rennes, France, we found it useful for the systematic identification of often overseen drivers. The proposed framework, allowing for a combined analysis of flows and drivers, can become a useful tool toward a solution‐oriented urban metabolism research.
From creating to confronting racial hierarchies: The evolving role of the US state in land policy
Authors: Pahnke Anthony , Treakle Jordan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrom systemically dispossessing Indigenous people of their territory for Euro‐American settlement to routinely denying African American farmers operating loans in the 20th century, the US government's complicity in creating racial hierarchies in terms of land access is well documented. Less understood is how land policies oriented towards racial equity, namely, the Justice for Black Farmers Act (JBFA), and other initiatives that deal with land access as well as addressing racism more broadly, emerged during recent decades. In this article, we argue that such initiatives resulted from Black‐led organizations and other farmer advocacy allies responding to neoliberal policy reforms. Concretely, even as these reforms destabilized farm economies, they also led to a decentralization of agricultural policy administration, which, in turn, created opportunities for community‐based organizations to influence land governance. We make this argument after presenting a three‐part periodization of the evolution of US land policy, starting with the emergence of racial hierarchies, then the period of partial reforms that began during the New Deal and, finally, the era of neoliberal reform.
Connecting Cross‐Border Market Participants: The Intermediary Role of International Analysts in Global Capital Markets
Authors: Jeong Young‐Chul , Yu Jisun , Ryu Wonsang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough the analyst profession has rapidly expanded internationally, very few studies have examined the distinct role of international analysts in the global economy. Motivated to address this need, we examine the role of international analysts as key intermediaries connecting local firms with foreign investors. Specifically, we investigate whether and under what circumstances the international analyst community in a host country influences foreign equity investment in the country. Our analyses of foreign portfolio investment inflows in 57 countries from 1987 to 2007 demonstrate that the international analyst community plays an essential role in facilitating cross‐border equity investment by mitigating foreign investors' information challenges. We also find that the extent of such influence is further affected by the heterogeneity of the host country's information environment and by that of the international analyst community. These findings extend the extant knowledge of analysts, information intermediaries, cross‐border capital investment, and global professions.
Worker commitment and establishment performance in Europe
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing a cross section of matched data from the employee and management questionnaires of the European Company Survey for 28 nations, this paper investigates the determinants of worker commitment and the potential contribution of commitment to establishment performance. An index of worker commitment is constructed from employer perceptions of the motivation of workers and their retention and absenteeism propensities, while the determinants of commitment are fashioned from observations taken from the worker representation side, ordered along dimensions such as perceived organizational trust and involvement. The commitment index is then linked to establishment performance outcomes. Key findings from the commitment equation are the positive role of trust in management, the quality of information exchanged, and the degree of worker representation influence in respect of major decisions taken by management. In turn, commitment emerges as a key correlate of establishment financial performance and labor productivity growth. Our supplemental sensitivity analysis is supportive of the interpretation of commitment as a driver of performance.
ebony underpins Batesian mimicry in melanic stoneflies
Authors: Foster Brodie J. , McCulloch Graham A. , Foster Yasmin , Kroos Gracie C. , King Tania M. , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe evolution of Batesian mimicry – whereby harmless species avoid predation through their resemblance to harmful species – has long intrigued biologists. In rare cases, Batesian mimicry is linked to intraspecific colour variation, in which only some individuals within a population resemble a noxious ‘model’. Here, we assess intraspecific colour variation within a widespread New Zealand stonefly, wherein highly melanized individuals of Zelandoperla closely resemble a chemically defended aposematic stonefly, Austroperla cyrene. We assess convergence in the colour pattern of these two species, compare their relative palatability to predators, and use genome‐wide association mapping to assess the genetic basis of this resemblance. Our analysis reveals that melanized Zelandoperla overlap significantly with Austroperla in colour space but are significantly more palatable to predators, implying that they are indeed Batesian mimics. Analysis of 194,773 genome‐wide SNPs reveals an outlier locus (ebony) strongly differentiating melanic versus non‐melanic Zelandoperla. Genotyping of 338 specimens from a single Zelandoperla population indicates that ebony explains nearly 70% of the observed variance in melanism. As ebony has a well‐documented role in insect melanin biosynthesis, our findings indicate this locus has a conserved function across deeply divergent hexapod lineages. Distributional records suggest a link between the occurrence of melanic Zelandoperla and the forested ecosystems where the model Austroperla is abundant, suggesting the potential for adaptive shifts in this system underpinned by environmental change.
A Listening Church on the Synodal Pathway: Discernment and Decision-Making in Communion
Authors: McCaughey Mary 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPope Francis's has described his vision for a synodal Church, not simply as a once off programme of renewal, but as God's desire for the Church of the third millennium. As such, it aims to concretise the ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council, making the Church today more manifestly one of communion, participation, and mission. It differs from previous synods and Councils in history in that it more directly invites and involves all the baptised in a direct process of listening and discernment to the voice of the Holy Spirit. This paper aims to understand from a theological perspective how listening will work in a synodal Church, by exploring firstly what we mean by the ecclesiology of communion from the Council. Such an ecclesiology, manifesting the equal dignity of the faithful in Christ, will ground listening at the level of participation in God as well as acknowledging the gift of infallibility given to the whole Church. It means calling on the Holy Spirit to help discern how and where, the apostolic deposit of faith has been received by members of the body. It also explores what we mean by listening to the sensus fidei of the whole body and how the authority of laity and hierarchy operate both in united but distinct ways within a synodal process grounded in communion ecclesiology. Overall, such listening is to be done carefully for the sake of the Church's mission as the sacrament of salvation to the world.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the residual stress distribution of internal thread cold extrusion and tap wear
Authors: Wan Nian , He Qiang , Jing Xuwen , Jiang Yonggang , Zhou Honggen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the thread‐forming quality of diesel engine piston connecting rod, the internal thread cold extrusion process was adopted for the through‐hole structure of 42CrMo4 high‐strength steel. The influence of different structural parameters of the tap on the residual stress distribution of the cold extrusion internal threads and self‐wear were discussed with the help of three‐dimensional elastic–plastic finite element model. The wear of tap was observed by an electron microscope, coordinated with the residual stress distribution of thread was measured by X‐ray diffraction to explore the relationship between residual stress distribution of the cold extrusion internal thread, tool wear and tap structure. The optimal combination of tap structure parameters of residual stress and tool wear was obtained through grey relation method. The residual compressive stress and the depth of stress layer near the thread surface increased and the wear condition of the extrusion tap was improved when the tap with optimised structural parameters was used for processing, while maintaining the original thread connection strength. The results show that the internal thread with better‐forming quality can be obtained by using the optimised extrusion tap, while the service life of the tap was prolonged.