bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-strength collagen/delphinidin film incorporated with Vaccinium oxycoccus pigment for active and intelligent food packaging
Authors: Yin Simiao , Zhang Yuanzhi , Zhang Xiaoxia , Tao Keyu , Li Guoying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study developed an active and intelligent collagen-based packaging film with high strength for visually monitoring the freshness of fish. The results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the film based on cross-linked collagen/delphinidin catalyzed by laccase exhibited a denser layer structure and a rougher surface. The dry and wet tensile strengths of the laccase-catalyzed collagen/delphinidin film (Col/Dp-LA film) increased by 41.74 MPa and 13.13 MPa in comparison with that of the pure collagen film, respectively. Moreover, the Col/Dp-LA film presented good antioxidant and barrier properties demonstrated by the results of free radical scavenging rate, light transmission rate, and water vapor permeability. The intelligent collagen-based film was obtained by incorporating Vaccinium oxycoccus pigment into the Col/Dp-LA film, which could change color under different pH values. When applied to the preservation of fish fillets, the film could release Dp to minimize oxidative rancidity and prolong the shelf life of the fish for 2 days. Meanwhile, the film showed visual color changes from purplish-red to greyish-blue after the fish spoilage. These results indicated that the collagen film treated with delphinidin, laccase, and Vaccinium oxycoccus pigment has potential application value in the field of active and intelligent food packaging.

Graphical Abstract
The magnetic cell separation method reveals protective effect of melatonin on human spermatozoa from peroxide-induced apoptosis
Authors: Hassani Bafrani Hassan , Saeedi Sadr Atiye , Izadpanah Fatemeh , Haddad Kashani Hamed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe selection of non-apoptotic sperm is related to successful fertilization. This study investigated the protective effects of melatonin and the role of the MACS (magnetically activated cell sorting) method to prevent oxidative damage in vitro and improve sperm quality parameters such as viability and DNA integrity.Materials and methodsSemen analysis was performed on 20 different eligible donors participating in the study. Sperm viability and concentration were checked at time of 0 (0 h). In order to conduct more studies after 24 h (24 h), the remaining sperm suspension was divided into a control group and six experimental groups. DNA fragmentation was assessed using the TUNEL assay.ResultsThe treatment of human spermatozoa with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h induced a significant increase in phosphatidylserine externalization and significantly increases apoptotic sperm (p ≤ 0.001). TUNEL analysis of human sperm pretreated with 100 µM hydrogen peroxide for 24 h showed that the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA was significantly reduced after sorting by MACS (P ≤ 0.001). However, pretreated human sperm with 1 μM melatonin for 24 h could effectively maintain sperm motility and progressive motility.ConclusionsPretreated human spermatozoa with 1 µM melatonin for 24 h could be effective for maintenance of sperm motility and progressive motility. Although 100 µM hydrogen peroxide-treated sperm were used, MACS was used to retain the appropriate sperm and select high-quality sperm.
Magnetic resonance imaging in patients of Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome presenting with primary amenorrhoea: a prospective study
Authors: Jaiswal Sakshi , Prasad Umakant , Gupta Ruchi , Kumari Manisha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to characterize the spectrum of imaging findings in patients of Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome presenting with primary amenorrhoea.

Objectives
(1) To aid in clinical diagnosis of MRKH syndrome. (2) To detect the associated non gynecological anomalies. (3) To arrive at optimal management options.

Results
This prospective observational study was performed in 14 subjects who presented with primary amenorrhoea and diagnosed as MRKH on MRI from 1st January, 2021 to 30 June, 2022. Out of 14 patients, 4 patients showed hypoplastic uterus while remaining 10 showed complete uterine agenesis. Mean volume of hypoplastic uterus was 5.3 ml. Out of 10 patients with complete uterine agenesis, 9 showed bilateral rudimentary uterine buds connected by a fibrous band while 1 showed unilateral bud. 3 uterine buds showed three layered zonal differentiation of which 2 showed blood within lumen suggesting functioning endometrium. 1 uterine bud was located outside pelvis. Bilateral ovaries were noted in all 14 patients of which 4 ovaries were located outside pelvis and 1 ovary showed endometrioma within. 10 patients showed complete agenesis of proximal 2/3rd of vagina. Among non-gynecological findings, 2 showed unilateral renal agenesis and 1 showed unilateral hypoplastic kidney. 1 patient showed dorsal dermal sinus.

Conclusions
The findings in MRKH patients varies from complete uterine agenesis with rudimentary uterine buds or normal positioned hypoplastic uterus. The uterine buds can be functional with collection within endometrium and could lead to endometrioma formation due to retrograde menstruation. Ovaries and uterine buds can have an extra-pelvic location.
Recent progress in the treatment of sickle cell disease: an up-to-date review
Authors: Acharya Biswajeet , Mishra Durga Prasad , Barik Binapani , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Sarangi Ashish K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell disease is a fatal systemic condition characterized by acute painful episodes, persistent anemia, ongoing organ damage, organ infarction, and a markedly shorter average lifetime. It first appeared in the tropics' malarial zones, where carriers benefit from an evolutionary advantage by being shielded from malaria death.
Due to demographic shifts, this crisis now affects people all over the world. In higher-income areas, such as vast swaths of Europe and North and South America, more children are born with the syndrome.

Main body
Over the last 10 years, a clearer knowledge of the change from fetal to adult hemoglobin has evolved. Further investigation into chimerism, genomics, mixed gene editing, and therapeutic reactivation of fetal hemoglobin has produced very promising findings. Between 2017 and 2019, three innovative medications for sickle cell disease were approved by the FDA thanks to previous advances, while many more treatments are now under development.

Short conclusion
To improve patient outcomes, various innovative medications that were created in the late 1990s and utilized to treat sickle cell disease are examined in this study. In our appraisal, we'll also focus on the most important developments of the decade.
Early Onset GH Excess: Somatotroph Adenoma in a Young Adult
Authors: Galbiati Francesca , Kaiser Ursula B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
GH-secreting pituitary adenomas can cause gigantism or acromegaly, determined by onset before or after epiphyseal fusion of the distal ends of the radius and ulna. Overlapping phenotypes can occur when the condition presents peripubertally. Gigantism is associated with identifiable hereditary causes and genetic mutations in almost 50% of cases; genetic testing should be considered in patients with gigantism and early-onset acromegaly, especially (but not only) when pituitary tumors have aggressive features and/or are refractory to standard treatments. Here, we present a case of a young adult with a giant somatotroph adenoma resistant to multiple treatment modalities and negative for mutations in AIP, which encodes aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein.
Abiraterone-Induced Endocrinopathies
Authors: Decamps Scarlett , Lis Rita , Ekanayake Preethika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Abiraterone, a CYP17A1 inhibitor, is used along with prednisone in patients with castration-resistant and castration-sensitive prostate cancer, yielding improved overall and disease-free survival. However, little is documented in the endocrinology literature about the incidences of the endocrine side effects of abiraterone. In this case series, we discuss the diagnosis and management of 3 prostate cancer patients who experienced mineralocorticoid excess and secondary adrenal insufficiency related to abiraterone and prednisone use.
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors of frontline health workers in Ghana
Authors: Aikins Moses , Amon Samuel , Agyemang Samuel Agyei , Akweongo Patricia , Wyss Kaspar 
Published: April 2023

Background: Human resources are vital for delivering health services, and health systems cannot function effectively without enough skilled, motivated, and well-supported health workers. Even though several studies have addressed job satisfaction among healthcare professionals in different parts of the world, there is limited research examining intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors involved in job satisfaction, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. Methods: This was a facility-based quantitative cross-sectional study conducted in 34 primary health care facilities, across three out of the 26 districts in the Eastern Region of Ghana, between February and March 2018, analyzing job satisfaction and underlying factors. Randomly selected public health workers (n=287) from health facilities were included in the study. The two-factor theory was adopted as the measurement model for this study. Results: The odds of staff that had received management training in the past 12 months being intrinsically satisfied was 3.73 (95% CI:2.03,6.86) times higher than staff with no management training (p<0.001). Compared to staff working in hospitals, Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) staff showed lower levels of satisfaction on factors relating to intrinsic motivation. Technical staff had higher odds of being intrinsically and extrinsically satisfied compared to non-technical staff. Conclusions: Public healthcare workers working at primary health facilities in Ghana, at higher levels of service delivery, showed higher satisfaction compared to lower-level staff, both in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic factors underlying satisfaction. Thus, to enhance healthcare services, health facilities’ administrators should take measures to improve the working conditions of staff at all levels of service delivery, since the hierarchy of service delivery in the health system makes the contributory role of all staff critical in improving the quality of primary healthcare.
Social cognition and human aesthetic niche—the evolving human cognition as a participant of human niche construction
Authors: Zhu Xuanqi 
Published: April 2023

Aesthetic phenomena have been intertwined with the life of humans to a significant degree that is not observed in non-human animals. The complexity and subtlety of it have long been regarded as one symbol of human’s exceptional cognitive power. This power can sometimes be misrepresented by a view that regards human aesthetic behaviours as innate/encoded and automated settings that are brought along with the human brain. In scenarios like this, the naturally selected brain takes up a role as some super explanator—by appealing to the configurations of the neural connectivity as reasons/causations for observed phenotypic traits. Therefore, this line of thinking can sometimes obscure the role played by the sociocultural background in affecting those configurations. By drawing upon the notion of niche construction, I will propose a nature-nurture coevolving framework for understanding human cognitive evolution. It will be argued that the evolutionary trajectory of human cognition is heavily defined by and is, therefore, better understood through the lens of a human cultural niche and of contextualised/context-dependent expressions of human behavioural traits. This view will be delivered by highlighting the dynamics between selective pressures and the differential expression of human phenotypic traits and acknowledging the evolutionary causal role of human cultural behaviours and practices. Finally, I argue that a major evolution of social cognition was brought about through an aesthetic tradition of the Acheulean and conclude by briefly proposing a potential subject for future study. The basic research method applied in this article is theoretical deduction. Specifically, a restricted interdisciplinary investigation that concerns academic literature from relevant fields (centring on the topic of niche construction) of archaeology, evolutionary biology and human cognition was used. Furthermore, through a process of assessing and identifying of plausible evidence, the abovementioned arguments of this study are generated.
Prevalence rates of mucopolysaccharidosis in Iraq: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study
Authors: M. Abdulelah Furqan , Mahmood Mohammed Mohammed , Hassan Baaker Rabab 
Published: April 2023

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare hereditary inborn error of metabolism that represents the largest heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) and is characterized by multiorgan impairment due to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) accumulation in various tissues and organs, resulting in severe frailty and early death. This research aimed to figure out the specific and overall birth prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis among Iraqi children, as well as the frequencies of each type, and to compare the results with epidemiological data from other Arabian countries. Methods: Information was collected and investigated from registered patients diagnosed with MPS in five metabolic centers in Iraq between 2010 and 2020. The numbers of live births in Iraq were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Environment (Health and vital statistics department) for the period mentioned above. Birth prevalence was calculated, and Poisson distribution for confidence intervals (95%) was considered through the implementation of MedCalc statistical software. The Hardy-Weinberg equation was used to calculate carrier frequency. Results: The overall prevalence of MPS at birth is 2.97 per 100,000 live births; different forms of MPS manifest at varied frequencies. MPS VI was the most often reported form in the Iraqi population (1.32 per 100,000 live births, or 44.41% of all MPS cases), followed by MPS IVA and MPS I (0.625 and 0.593 per 100,000 live births, respectively). The higher frequency rate of MPS VI was also reported in neighboring countries, including UAE and Saudi Arabia, which were 2.51 and 8.0 per 100,000 live births, respectively. Conclusions: The health systems should highly consider data obtained from prevalence studies in all affected countries, including health care specialists, clinical genetics, and workers in laboratories involved in MPS diagnosis.
Drug effectiveness for COVID-19 inpatients inferred from Japanese medical claim data using propensity score matching
Authors: Mitsushima Shingo , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Taniguchi Kiyosu 
Published: April 2023

Background: Earlier studies and clinical trials have shown that the drugs such as antiviral drugs, antibody cocktails, and steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs are expected to prevent severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and death. Methods: We used observational data for Japan to assess the effectiveness of these drugs for COVID-19. We applied propensity scoring, which can treat the choice of administered drug as a random assignment to inpatients, to the Medical Information Analysis Databank operated by National Hospital Organization in Japan. The outcome was defined as mortality. Subjects were all inpatients, inpatients with oxygen administration, and inpatients using respiratory ventilators, classified by three age classes: all ages, 65 years old or older, and younger than 65 years old. Information about demographical characteristics, underlying disease, administered drug, the proportion of Alpha, Beta and Omicron variant strains, and vaccine coverage were used as explanatory variable in logistic regression. Results: Estimated results indicated that only an antibody cocktail (sotrovimab, casirivimab and imdevimab) raised the probability to save life consistently. By contrast, other drugs might reduce the probability of saving life. The results indicated that an antiviral drug (remdesivir), a steroid (dexamethasone), and an anti-inflammatory drug (baricitinib and tocilizumab) might not contribute to saving life even at the pseudo-situation of random assignment. However, this logistic regression at the first step might have only insufficient explanatory power. Conclusions: We found a high likelihood that antibody cocktails were consistently effective to raise the probability of saving life, though a lesser likelihood in other drugs for older patients with mild to severe severity and all age patients with moderate severity.
A comparative study of four-year and community college students' subjective experiences of emerging adulthood, belonging needs, and well-being
Authors: McCoy Shelly S. , Chou Catherine P. , Grahe Jon E. , Miller Travis J. , Photias Kyrsti L. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Research on the dimensions of emerging adulthood has disproportionately focused on students from four-year universities. Methods: Using data from the EAMMi2 project (Grahe et al., 2018), we assess whether the dimensions of emerging adulthood (as the age of possibilities, instability, identity explorations, and feeling in-between) vary between four-year university and community college students. We also explore how emerging adults compare on the need to belong and subjective well-being. Results: Four-year university students (N = 1,221) identified more strongly with the negativity/instability and feeling in-between dimensions of emerging adulthood than community college students (N = 300). Community college students, however, were higher on identity exploration, with no differences between the groups in identification with the experimentation/possibilities dimension of emerging adulthood. Four-year students reported higher well-being and higher belonging needs compared to their counterparts at community colleges. Regardless of school type, experimentation/possibilities and feeling in-between predicted higher well-being whereas negativity/instability predicted lower well-being and higher belonging needs. Conclusion: These findings highlight nuance in the experiences of emerging adulthood, as evidenced by both some shared experiences and group-level differences.
What do we know about the connection between gut microbiota and pain?
Authors: Lewandowski Mateusz , Siekierko Nikola , Świętochowski Jakub , Kotusiewicz Wiktoria , Żołnierek Maja , Lubczyńska Zuzanna , Bienia Grzegorz , Popravko Yevheniia , Przeradzki Jakub , Kucharski Jakub 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and objective

The relationship between gut microbiota and pain is crucial. Several studies demonstrate the evidence that gut microbiota play a key role in visceral, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The proper profile of microbiota is also important in patients after surgeries and injuries who suffer from postoperative pain. In the present review study we assessed a comprehensive range of relevant literature to present the role of gut microbiota as the key factor in maintaining the structural integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, pain perception and modulation of the immune system.

Review methods

We conducted a literature review in February, 2023 searching for terms “Gut microbiome and pain", “Probiotic supplementation”, “Fecal microbial transplantation in patients with pain”. This publication includes the analysis of several case reports, which describe patients who were successfully treated with modification of gut microbiota composition.

Brief description of the state of knowledge

The gut microbiota is a diversity of many different microorganisms. They inhabit our gut and are the key to many aspects of human health. To understand how important the gut microbiome is we have to be aware of a bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain. The gut microbiota has an impact on the nervous system via the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Summary

We propose novel therapeutic methods like probiotics or prebiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation as the new strategy for the management of pain. To reach this goal we need more clinical evidence to implement our theoretical knowledge to clinical practice.
High rifampicin peak plasma concentrations accelerate the slow phase of bacterial decline in tuberculosis patients: Evidence for heteroresistance
Authors: Martinecz Antal , Boeree Martin J. , Diacon Andreas H. , Dawson Rodney , Hemez Colin , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Abel zur Wiesch Pia 
Published: April 2023

Background
Antibiotic treatments are often associated with a late slowdown in bacterial killing. This separates the killing of bacteria into at least two distinct phases: a quick phase followed by a slower phase, the latter of which is linked to treatment success. Current mechanistic explanations for the in vitro slowdown are either antibiotic persistence or heteroresistance. Persistence is defined as the switching back and forth between susceptible and non-susceptible states, while heteroresistance is defined as the coexistence of bacteria with heterogeneous susceptibilities. Both are also thought to cause a slowdown in the decline of bacterial populations in patients and therefore complicate and prolong antibiotic treatments. Reduced bacterial death rates over time are also observed within tuberculosis patients, yet the mechanistic reasons for this are unknown and therefore the strategies to mitigate them are also unknown.

Methods and findings
We analyse a dose ranging trial for rifampicin in tuberculosis patients and show that there is a slowdown in the decline of bacteria. We show that the late phase of bacterial killing depends more on the peak drug concentrations than the total drug exposure. We compare these to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models of rifampicin heteroresistance and persistence. We find that the observation on the slow phase’s dependence on pharmacokinetic measures, specifically peak concentrations are only compatible with models of heteroresistance and incompatible with models of persistence. The quantitative agreement between heteroresistance models and observations is very good (Radj2=0.97).
To corroborate the importance of the slowdown, we validate our results by estimating the time to sputum culture conversion and compare the results to a different dose ranging trial.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that higher doses, specifically higher peak concentrations may be used to optimize rifampicin treatments by accelerating bacterial killing in the slow phase. It adds to the growing body of literature supporting higher rifampicin doses for shortening tuberculosis treatments.