bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of osteopathic recognition on multiple medical specialty residencies in a university-based setting
Authors: Nohomovich Brian , Tito Emmanuel , Baker Joanne , Gomes Theotonius 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
In 2020, the allopathic and osteopathic residency programs were merged into a single residency system, with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as the sole accreditor for residencies and fellowships in the United States. As a result of this merger, osteopathic recognition (OR) emerged as a unique approach to promoting osteopathic training and practice. However, there is a lack of data on the effects of OR in residency, specifically university-based residency programs.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of OR on retaining and applying osteopathic principles in a mixed cohort of residents in a single-center setting.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of allopathic and osteopathic-trained residents at varying years of postgraduate training in family medicine (FM), internal medicine (IM), and combined internal medicine–pediatric residencies at a single site. Participation in both the osteopathic curriculum and study was voluntary. We distributed a presurvey before the residents participated in the curriculum for that year and a follow-up 6 months later as a postsurvey. The surveys measured confidence levels based on a Likert scale and were aligned with the Osteopathic Recognition Milestones Project (ORMP). Statistical analysis with paired t tests and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted on participants who completed both surveys.

Results
We had 38 % (18/47) of participants complete both surveys. We observed significant improvements in confidence levels related to osteopathic principles (p=0.036). Residents reported statistically significant gains in their ability to conduct a literature review on osteopathic medicine (p=0.0288). Additionally, there was a trend toward significance in confidence levels regarding the patient’s perception of touch (p=0.0741) and the osteopathic treatment plan (p=0.0635). Notably, content knowledge was significantly improved (p=0.0313) for all participants. Based on the postsurvey responses, we discovered that participants who not only reported higher confidence overall but also had practiced osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in the last month were more likely to state they would practice osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) after residency.

Conclusions
We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the effects of OR utilizing surveys aligned to the ORMP. We identified knowledge- and confidence-level gains on osteopathic principles and practice (OPP) in a single-center study. Residents in OR are more likely to utilize OMT after residency.
The crystal structure of catena-poly((μ
2-1,3,5-tri(1H- imidazol-1-yl)benzene κ2
N:N′)-bis(4-hydroxbenzoato-κ1
O)-zinc(II) monohydrate), C29H24N6O7Zn
Authors: Chen Wentao , Lai Zhongjie , An Hangyi , Luo Yani , Wang Airong , Li Yan , Li Jiaming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
C29H24N6O7Zn, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 10.8388(9) Å, b = 20.8648(12) Å, c = 13.0363(13) Å, β = 111.921(11)°, V = 2735.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0406, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0946, T = 298.15 K.
The crystal structure of 1,1′-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1,4-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one), C12H18N2O2
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Cui Ruolin , Zhang Chunteng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
C12H18N2O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.2113(4) Å, b = 11.9224(6) Å, c = 11.4469(4) Å, β = 96.413(2)°, V = 1249.24(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0589, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1869, T = 655 K.
Idololatria Vilnensis: The Confessional Debates of Jesuits and Protestants on Sacred Images in the 16<sup>th</sup> Century Lithuania
Authors: Riklius Tomas 
Published: January 2025

Despite the abundance of theological treatises in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 16th century, only five of the eighty-six known titles deal with the use of sacred images and reveal the opposing sides of Catholics and Protestants in such confessional debates. The Protestant perspective is represented by Andrzej Wolan’s 1583 treatise ‘An Attack on the Idolatry of the Loyolites of Vilnius’, which relies primarily on theological arguments to criticise the Catholic practice of using sacred images. Wolan’s critique, while rooted in theology, also touched on the Renaissance humanist perspective on aesthetics to question the sensual appeal of Catholic sacred art. In response, the Catholic theologian Andrzej Jurgiewicz defended the use of sacred images, emphasising their role as visual witnesses of Catholic tradition in a post-Tridentine aesthetic paradigm. This article analyses these theological and aesthetic arguments of Wolan and Jurgiewicz found in treatises representing Catholic and Protestant positions in the polemical debates on the use of sacred images in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 16th century.
The Ancient Greeks in the Thought of Arvydas Šliogeris: The Ambiguity of Reception
Authors: Škėmaitė Gintarė 
Published: January 2025

This article examines Šliogeris’ engagement with the Ancient Greeks, focusing on the mature phase of his philosophy, where the concepts of Nihil and Presence are fully articulated. From the outset, Šliogeris’ reception of the Greeks is marked by a distinct ambivalence, oscillating between deep admiration and sharp critique. In this case, rather simultaneous ambiguities of direction are identified, reflecting not just temporal or semantic divides but also an intrinsic tension within his thought. The article analyses the sources of this interpretive instability, questioning what underlies Šliogeris’ positive and negative perspectives on the Greeks and exploring whether these modes hold equal weight or if one predominates. It argues that Šliogeris’ understanding of the Greeks reflects the ambivalence of his central concepts – Nihil and Presence, which represent opposing qualities. For Šliogeris’, the essence of being human lies in being “in between” these conflicting forces. The Greeks, as an early culture, exemplify the interplay of Nihil and Presence in its most genuine form. Therefore, the reception of the Greeks supports Šliogeris’ philosophical theory. This effect stems from the specifics of his thinking; he approaches it with passion and is unafraid of incoherence or repetition.
Occult Abdominal Trauma Screening in the Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Ruiz-Maldonado Tagrid M. , Wood Joanne N. , Laskey Antoinette L. , Greeley Christopher S. , Bachim Angela , Lindberg Daniel M. , Anderst James , Melville John , Coombs Carmen , Harper Nancy S. , Frasier Lori , Brink Farah W. , Crumm Caitlin E. , Campbell Kristine A. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Occult abdominal trauma (OAT) screening with transaminases, followed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) for transaminase values greater than 80 IU/L, has been recommended in cases of suspected physical abuse. This study aimed to evaluate case characteristics associated with OAT evaluation and determine OAT prevalence in these children.

METHODS
Injured children aged younger than 60 months undergoing Child Abuse Pediatrics (CAP) consultation for suspected physical abuse from February 2021 to May 2023 were identified in CAPNET, a multicenter research network. Children with symptoms or signs of intra-abdominal injury were excluded. We identified case characteristics associated with transaminase screening and abdominal CT imaging using logistic regression and determined OAT prevalence.

RESULTS
Of 6161 eligible children, 3982 (64.6%) underwent transaminase screening; 687/3982 (17.3%) had transaminases greater than 80 IU/L with 298/687 (43.4%) undergoing abdominal CT imaging. Variability in screening and imaging practices was identified between CAPNET sites. In a fully adjusted model, transaminase screening was associated with ages younger than 6 months, greater clinical severity, and site. CT imaging was associated with site, inpatient status, and higher transaminase range. We identified 16 OAT cases in children with transaminases greater than 80 IU/L, representing 2.3% of CAP-evaluated children with positive transaminase screening and 0.3% of all eligible children.

CONCLUSIONS
Providers often perform transaminase screening but not abdominal CT imaging despite transaminases greater than 80 IU/L. The low prevalence of OAT suggests that routine transaminase screening in suspected child physical abuse evaluations may not be necessary when all signs and symptoms of abdominal injury are absent.
Features related to the presence of internet gaming disorder and their impact on the treatment outcomes
Authors: Ayala-Rojas Rocio-Elena , Rosinska Magda , Cárdenas Iván Perales , Soldevilla-Morera Jorge , Granero Roser , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Jiménez-Murcia Susana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and aimsInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a highly engrossing activity with the individual spending up to 10 h per day gaming, this causes issues in accomplishing their tasks and personal goals. Also, to generate in them increased anxiety, impulsivity and lack of social skills, this impacts the good personal development and individual's quality of life. Therefore, it is vital to better understand, in terms of treatment, which factors are associated with therapeutic outcomes (largely to achieve control over the use of video games and the lack of relapses) following a standardized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic and personality variables and their relation to treatment outcome in patients with IGD.MethodThe sample included n = 105 patients with IGD, considered between January 2005 and December 2022 and recruited from the Behavioral Addictions Unit at the University Hospital of Bellvitge. Data at baseline was registered (sociodemographic and clinical measures), as well as the therapy outcomes (compliance with the guidelines, presence of relapses and dropouts).ResultsPatients were mainly males (n = 95) with a mean age of 24.97 (SD = 12.03). All patients included in this sample had individual CBT treatment in relation to their problematic gaming behavior. In terms of patients who relapsed, they had higher interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and persistence with lower self-directedness. Patients who dropped out were males with an older age of IGD onset. When looking at treatment noncompliance, it was related to higher psychoticism and reward dependence, and lower cooperation. Patients with IGD show higher levels of treatment noncompliance.ConclusionThese findings evidence a positive and promising effect of CBT on IGT. The factors identified as predictors of good and poor treatment outcomes should be considered for developing new evidence-based interventions focused on learning healthier key coping strategies to manage both cravings and triggers.
Produksi protein sel tunggal mikroalga (Chlorella vulgaris) menggunakan limbah ayam broiler dan aplikasinya dalam pakan
Authors: Iba Wa , Padang Crasilia Yanti , Sari Nilam , Ambardini Sri , Suriana Suriana 
Published: January 2025

Protein sel tunggal dari mikroalga berpotensi digunakan dalam formulasi pakan ayam broiler. Mikroalga yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini salah satunya adalah Chlorella vulgaris. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi C. vulgaris yang dikultur menggunakan media organik limbah ternak ayam broiler dan kandungan proteinnya dalam pakan. C. vulgaris dikultur menggunakan media organik dari feses ayam broiler dalam air laut pada 4 konsentrasi (10, 100, 1.000, dan 10.000 ppm). Kandungan protein C. vulgaris dan pakan dianalisis menggunakan metode Kjeldahl. Protein tertinggi diperoleh pada C. vulgaris dalam media feses ayam 10 ppm, yaitu 23,53%. Biomassa mikroalga yang dikultur dalam media 10 ppm feses ayam ditambahkan dalam formulasi pakan ayam broiler pada konsentrasi yang berbeda, yaitu 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5 dan 10% dengan 3 kali ulangan. Kandungan protein tertinggi, yaitu 34,65% pada penambahan biomassa C. vulgaris 2,5%. Kandungan protein yang mendekati optimal untuk ayam broiler fase pre-starter dan starter yaitu 22,71% dan 24,06% diperoleh dengan penambahan tepung C. vulgaris 5 dan 7,5%.
Pembuatan Pektin dari Limbah Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) dengan Variasi Volume Pelarut HCl
Authors: Amborowati Cindi , Miana Sari Tinambunan  
Published: January 2025

Limbah kulit jeruk manis mengandung berbagai kandungan senyawa kimia yang bermanfaat, salah satunya adalah pektin. Pektin adalah bahan pengental yang biasanya digunakan pada industri makanan. Pektin diperoleh dengan cara diekstrak menggunakan pelarut asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh volume pelarut HCl terhadap pektin yang dihasilkan. Kulit jeruk manis diekstraksi sebanyak 10 gr menggunakan pelarut HCl 0,5 dengan volume pelarut 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 ml pada suhu 90 selama 2 jam. Pengujian karakteristik pektin yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan standar mutu pektin IPPA (International Pectin Producers Association). Rendemen paling tinggi diperoleh pada volume pelarut 400 ml sebesar 11,1062. Untuk kadar air tidak memenuhi standar karena besarnya diatas 12. Karakterisasi kadar metoksil tergolong metoksil tinggi karena memiliki nilai metoksil >7,12 dan Derajat esterifikasi >50. Kadar Galakturonat tergolong tinggi yaitu 54,4609 dan Berat ekivalen tergolong rendah yaitu 388,85 mg. Hasil bilangan gelombang tertentu pada uji FTIR menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan struktur pektin.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Dari Kulit Batang Tumbuhan Niko (Grewia koordersiana Burret)
Authors: Klotilde Manek Marliana , Landi Pote Lodowik , Nadut Anggelinus 
Published: January 2025

Isolasi dan karakterisasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari kulit batang tumbuhan Niko (G. koordersiana Burret) bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis senyawa metabolit sekunder dan karakteristik senyawa metabolit sekunder. Metode yang digunakan yakni ekstraksi, kromatografi dan spektrofotometri. Sebanyak 500 g serbuk kulit batang Niko, dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol diperoleh ekstrak kental dengan rendemen 52,09%. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid dan saponin. Hasil fraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen metanol : etil asetat (1:3) dipeoleh 20 fraksi. Hasil KLT masing-masing fraksi diperoleh 4 fraksi dengan spot tunggal yakni fraksi 11, 12, 15 dan 16, dimana fraksi 11 dan 16 memiliki Rf 0,3 dan fraksi 12 dan 15 memiliki Rf 0,7. Fraksi A adalah fraksi 11 dan 16 dengan spot tunggal dipekat dan diperoleh ekstrak sebasar 2,09 gram (8,93%) dan fraksi B adalah fraksi 12 dan 15 diperoleh ekstrak sebesar 2,74 gram (11,53%). Hasil karakterisasi dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis untuk fraksi A diperoleh dua pita serapan pada panjang gelombang 280 dan 235 nm. Fraksi B diperoleh dua pita serapan pada panjang gelombang 280 dan 245 nm. Hasil karakterisasi dengan spektroskopi Inframerah ekstrak metanol kulit batang Niko (G. koordersiana Burret) menunjukan adanya gugus -OH pada bilangan gelombang 3383,14 cm-1 dan gugus C-H alifatik (streching) pada bilangan gelombang 2983,88 cm-1, gugus C=O karbonil pada bilangan gelombang 1741,72 cm-1, gugus C-H alifatik (bending) dan gugus C-O alkohol pada panjang gelombang 1244,09, 1045,42 dan 1033,85 cm-1. Berdasarkan hasil spektrum UV-Vis dan IR menunjukkan kedua isolat mengandung senyawa sama.
Source Characteristics Influence AI-Enabled Orthopaedic Text Simplification
Authors: Andalib Saman , Solomon Sean S. , Picton Bryce G. , Spina Aidin C. , Scolaro John A. , Nelson Ariana M. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
This study assesses the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in simplifying complex language within orthopaedic patient education materials (PEMs) and identifies predictive factors for successful text transformation.

Methods:
We transformed 48 orthopaedic PEMs using GPT-4, GPT-3.5, Claude 2, and Llama 2. The readability, quantified by the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scores, was measured before and after transformation. Analysis included text characteristics such as syllable count, word length, and sentence length. Statistical and machine learning methods evaluated the correlations and predictive capacity of these features for transformation success.

Results:
All LLMs improved FKRE and FKGL scores (p < 0.01). GPT-4 showed superior performance, transforming PEMs to a seventh-grade reading level (mean FKGL, 6.72 ± 0.99), with higher FKRE and lower FKGL than other models. GPT-3.5, Claude 2, and Llama 2 significantly shortened sentences and overall text length (p < 0.01). Importantly, correlation analysis revealed that transformation success varied substantially with the model used, depending on original text factors such as word length and sentence complexity.

Conclusions:
LLMs successfully simplify orthopaedic PEMs, with GPT-4 leading in readability improvement. This study highlights the importance of initial text characteristics in determining the effectiveness of LLM transformations, offering insights for optimizing orthopaedic health literacy initiatives using artificial intelligence (AI).

Clinical Relevance:
This study provides critical insights into the ability of LLMs to simplify complex orthopaedic PEMs, enhancing their readability without compromising informational integrity. By identifying predictive factors for successful text transformation, this research supports the application of AI in improving health literacy, potentially leading to better patient comprehension and outcomes in orthopaedic care.
Challenges of Estimating Future Liabilities of Asset Retirement Obligations in Upstream Oil and Gas: A Literature Review
Authors: Aldhaferi Khaled 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Estimating asset retirement obligations (AROs) in the upstream oil and gas sector is a complex and critical issue, driven by the need to account for long-term liabilities associated with decommissioning infrastructures, such as offshore platforms and wells. This literature review examines the multifaceted challenges involved in predicting future ARO liabilities, focusing on the technical, financial, regulatory, and environmental uncertainties that complicate accurate estimation. The review explores key accounting frameworks, including International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP), which guide the recognition and measurement of AROs, and highlights the significant impact of regulatory changes, fluctuating commodity prices and evolving environmental standards on cost predictions. Environmental factors, such as climate change and ecosystem sensitivity, further exacerbate the difficulty of estimating decommissioning costs, while technological advancements offer both opportunities and uncertainties. In addition, the review assesses financial considerations, including discount rate assumptions and currency fluctuations, which introduce variability in financial reporting and risk assessment.
This review identifies key strategies to mitigate risks associated with ARO underestimation, such as scenario analysis, collaborative decommissioning efforts, and strengthening internal controls. It also highlights the importance of incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria and investing in technological research and development. Finally, the review emphasizes the need for future research on advanced decommissioning technologies, cross-industry comparisons, and enhanced financial instruments to address the growing complexity of ARO estimation in the upstream oil and gas industry.
Effects of Levetiracetam an Antiepileptic Drug on the Multi-biological Parameters in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Nzei Joy Ihuoma , Agwu Ekenma Julia , Uba Perpetua Ebube , Chukwuemeka Inwelegbu Valentine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of levetiracetam on the multi-biological parameters in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Fish were exposed to 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8mg/L of levetiracetam and filtered dechlorinated water (control) for 10 days, followed by a recovery period of 5 days. Blood samples were collected periodically for haematological and serum biochemical profiling, and the fish were sacrificed for the liver and brain tissues' analysis. Skin colouration, mucus secretion, and air-gulping increased with concentration and duration of exposure, while swimming rate and opercular movement decreased. A significant (p < 0.05) dose- and duration-dependent decrease was recorded in the red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and white blood cell counts, while the opposite was recorded in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin, volume, and haemoglobin concentrations. Compared to the control, there were no significant differences in the values of the differential leukocyte counts, except for lymphocytes, which were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the highest concentration at the end of the exposure period. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly (p < 0.05), while the values for protein and glucose were reduced compared to the control. The oxidative stress biomarkers, liver catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase activities increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The activities were duration- and concentration-dependent. No significant difference in the correction factor, while the hepatosomatic index decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The parameters returned to normal after post 5-day withdrawal of levetiracetam administration. The study indicated that levetiracetam is toxic to fish.
Quantitative Connection between Macroscopic Stress and Bond-Breaking Force Enabled by Time-Stamped Mechanochemical Fluorescence
Authors: Wang Junpeng , Wang Zeyu , Sathe Devavrat , Wang Ming-Chi , Zhou Junfeng , Ling Zichen , Zhou Qixin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mechanical stress is ubiquitous in materials, and it is well accepted that stress causes material wear and failure—which, at the molecular level, results from force-induced bond breakage. Understanding the mechanical behavior of materials at the molecular level requires a quantitative relationship between macroscopic stress and bond-breaking force, a connection that remains largely unexplored. Here we report that the macroscopic stress and the bond-breaking force are quantitatively connected through the kinetics of mechanically activated retro-Diels–Alder reaction of an anthracene–maleimide adduct mechanophore, which is embedded within the crosslink of a double-network elastomer. We find that the force required for bond breakage is largely insensitive to the strain applied to the elastomer but increases linearly with the logarithm of the strain rate. These findings provide insights into the mechanical behavior of polymeric materials and offer valuable guidance for the design of mechanically responsive materials.