bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcarotid versus transfemoral access for cerebrovascular intervention: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Jichang , Liao Wanying , Lei Dong , Xing Zixuan , Wang Tao , Xu Wenlong , Wang Xue , Yang Renjie , Wang Jie , Gong Haozhi , Yang Bin , Ma Yan , Jiao Liqun , Chen Yanfei 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCerebrovascular intervention is an excellent option to treat cerebrovascular diseases. Interventional access is a prerequisite and a foundation for cerebrovascular intervention, which is crucial to the success of an intervention. Although transfemoral arterial access (TFA) has become a popular and acceptable method of access for cerebrovascular angiography and intervention in clinical practice, it has some drawbacks that limit the usage in cerebrovascular interventions. Therefore, transcarotid arterial access (TCA) has been developed in cerebrovascular interventions. We aim to conduct a systematic review to compare the safety and efficacy of TCA with TFA for cerebrovascular intervention.Methods and analysisIn this protocol, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols were followed. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched mainly from 1 January 2004, to the formal search date. Additionally, reference lists and clinical trial registries will be searched. We will include clinical trials with more than 30 participants, which reported the endpoints of stroke, death and myocardial infarction. Two investigators will independently select studies, extract data and assess bias risk. A standardised mean difference with 95% CI will be presented for continuous data, and a risk ratio with 95% CI will be presented for dichotomous data. On inclusion of sufficient studies, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be conducted. The funnel plot and Egger’s test will be used to assess publication bias.Ethics and disseminationAs only published sources will be used in this review, ethical approval is not required. We will publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022316468.
Exenatide as an adjunct to nicotine patch for smoking cessation and prevention of postcessation weight gain among treatment-seeking smokers with pre-diabetes and/or overweight: study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yammine Luba , Verrico Christopher D , Versace Francesco , Webber Heather E , Suchting Robert , Weaver Michael F , Kosten Thomas R , Alibhai Husein , Cinciripini Paul M , Lane Scott D , Schmitz Joy M 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionObesity and smoking are the two leading causes of preventable death in the USA. Unfortunately, most smokers gain weight after quitting. Postcessation weight gain (PCWG) is frequently cited as one of the primary barriers to a quit attempt and a common cause of relapse. Further, excessive PCWG may contribute to the onset or progression of metabolic conditions, such as hyperglycaemia and obesity. The efficacy of the current treatments for smoking cessation is modest, and these treatments have no clinically meaningful impact on mitigating PCWG. Here, we outline a novel approach using glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), which have demonstrated efficacy in reducing both food and nicotine intake. This report describes the design of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial that evaluates the effects of the GLP-1RA exenatide as an adjunct to nicotine patches on smoking abstinence and PCWG.Methods and analysisThe study will be conducted at two university-affiliated research sites in Houston, Texas, the UTHealth Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction and Baylor College of Medicine Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Centre. The sample will consist of 216 treatment-seeking smokers with pre-diabetes (haemoglobin A1c of 5.7%–6.4%) and/or overweight (body mass index of 25 kg/m2or above). Participants will be randomised (1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of placebo or 2 mg exenatide, once weekly for 14 weeks. All participants will receive transdermal nicotine replacement therapy and brief smoking cessation counselling for 14 weeks. The primary outcomes are 4-week continuous abstinence and changes in body weight at the end of treatment. The secondary outcomes are (1) abstinence and changes in body weight at 12 weeks post end of treatment and (2) changes in neuroaffective responses to cigarette-related and food-related cues as measured by electroencephalogram.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the UTHealth Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (HSC-MS-21-0639) and Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (H-50543). All participants will sign informed consent. The study results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05610800.
Anticipatory effects on side-step cutting biomechanics in Women’s Australian Football League players
Authors: Rolley Tess , Gill Stephen D , Keast Meghan , Reade Tom , Page Richard , Bonacci Jason , Stella Julian , Johnson Brett , Fox Aaron 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesReactive side-step cutting manoeuvres are linked to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in Women’s Australian Football League (AFLW) matches. We explored knee joint moments and ground reaction forces (GRFs) in AFLW players when performing anticipated and unanticipated side-stepping.MethodsSixteen AFLW players (age=25.3±4.2 years; height=1.71±0.06 m; mass=68.4±4.7 kg) completed anticipated and unanticipated side-stepping trials during which full-body three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping paired t-tests were used to compare three-dimensional knee moments during weight acceptance and GRFs during the stance phase between anticipated and unanticipated conditions.ResultsUnanticipated side-stepping incurred lower knee flexion (18%–39% of stance, p<0.01) and abduction (11%–24% of stance, p<0.01) moments. Braking and propulsive GRFs were lower and higher, respectively, across the majority of stance phase (6%–90% of stance, p<0.01) in unanticipated side-stepping. Vertical GRFs were lower in unanticipated side-stepping in the early stance phase (14%–29% of stance, p<0.01).ConclusionContrary to existing literature, AFLW players exhibited knee joint moments associated with reduced ACL loading when performing unanticipated side-stepping. Players appeared to adopt a ‘cautious’ approach to the unanticipated side-step (ie, decelerating at the change of direction), by reducing braking and vertical GRFs in the early stance phase of cutting. This approach may be implausible to employ or detrimental to performance during matches. AFLW ACL injury prevention programmes may be enhanced with greater exposure to scenarios that replicate reactive match-play demands when aiming to improve side-stepping biomechanics.
Predictors of atrial fibrillation post coronary artery bypass graft surgery: new scoring system
Authors: Lotter Kian , Yadav Sumit , Saxena Pankaj , Vangaveti Venkat , John Bobby 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is common and results in significant increases in hospital stay and financial encumbrance.ObjectiveDetermine and use the predictors of postoperative AF (POAF) following CABG to develop a new predictive screening tool.MethodA retrospective case–control study evaluated 388 patients (98 developed POAF and 290 remained in sinus rhythm) who undertook CABG surgery at Townsville University Hospital between 2016 and 2017. The demographic profile, risk factors for AF including hypertension, age≥75 years, transient ischaemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HATCH) score, electrocardiography features and perioperative factors were determined.ResultsPatients who developed POAF were significantly older. On univariate analysis HATCH score, aortic regurgitation, increased p-wave duration and amplitude in lead II and terminal p-wave amplitude in lead V1 were associated with POAF; as were increased cardiopulmonary bypass time (103.5±33.9 vs 90.6±26.4 min, p=0.001) and increased cross clamp time. On multivariate analysis age (p=0.038), p-wave duration ≥100 ms (p=0.005), HATCH score (p=0.049) and CBP Time ≥100 min (p=0.001) were associated with POAF. Receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that with a cut-off of ≥2 for HATCH score, POAF could be predicted with a sensitivity of 72.8% and a specificity of 34.7%. Adding p-wave duration in lead II >100 ms and cardiopulmonary bypass time >100 min to the HATCH score increased the sensitivity to 83.7% with a specificity of 33.1%. This was termed the HATCH-PC score.ConclusionPatients with HATCH scores ≥2, and those with p-wave duration >100 ms, or cardiopulmonary bypass time >100 min were at greater risk of developing POAF following CABG.
(Ti, V, Fe and Ni)-doped LiMgP half Heusler-induced Ferromagnetism stability: DFT approach
Authors: Zarhri Zakaryaa , Ziat Younes , Belkhanchi Hamza , del Carmen Torres-Salazar María 
Published: June 2023

This paper reports density functional theory (DFT) on LiMgP half Heusler alloy doped by the transition metal elements (Ti, V, Fe and Ni) determined by present results, in which the half-metallicity besides ferromagnetism behavior is estimated. The electron spin polarization of Ti(3[Formula: see text] is around the [Formula: see text] and the Ti[Formula: see text] will have two electrons, of which two electrons occupied the [Formula: see text]. Then, this orbital is set on the Fermi level. When the conduction band of the orbitals [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is empty, LiMg[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]P displays the half-metallic characteristic, where the ferromagnetic (FM) conduct fits the double-exchange coupling. For LiMg[Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text]P alloy, the charge state is closer to V[Formula: see text] electron configuration, which predicts the following configuration, in which two electrons are occupied by [Formula: see text] and one electron is occupied by [Formula: see text] at the upside of [Formula: see text]. Based on LiMg[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]P alloy, the presence of the half metallicity at the downside of [Formula: see text] due to (3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]orbital is clear. A hybridization between the Fe(3[Formula: see text] and the P(3[Formula: see text] orbitals is in the range −0.35 — −0.04 Ry. For LiMg[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text]P alloy, the predicted charge is Ni[Formula: see text] and exhibits the half-metallic on the downside of the [Formula: see text] which is occupied by [Formula: see text] minority state. For LiMg[Formula: see text]TM[Formula: see text]P alloy, (TM = Ti, V, Fe and Ni), the half-metallic conduct is estimated with 100% spin polarized on the Fermi level. The spin moment of TM is [Formula: see text], where their total magnetic moments [Formula: see text] are in correlation for those Ni, Ti, V and Fe, where the trend also is [Formula: see text]. Likewise, based on LiMg[Formula: see text]TM[Formula: see text]P alloys, the crystal field splitting ([Formula: see text] observation stated that the doped elements conduct a trend having the following range [Formula: see text]. From these observations, it is predicted to have a correlation between magnetic moments of (Ti, V, Fe and Ni) and the crystal field splitting.
How to Write and Speak Better in English
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: June 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Throughout these "Communication Corner" essays, the assumption has always been that most readers use English as their native language. However, there is a not-insignificant number of readers around the world for whom English is a second, third, or even fourth language. Nevertheless, they too must often write and speak in English.
A Nonconserved Histidine Residue on KRAS Drives Paralog Selectivity of the KRASG12D Inhibitor MRTX1133
Authors: Keats Miles A. , Han John J.W. , Lee Yeon-Hwa , Lee Chih-Shia , Luo Ji 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

MRTX1133 is the first noncovalent inhibitor against the KRASG12D mutant that demonstrated specificity and potency in preclinical tumor models. Here, we used isogenic cell lines expressing a single RAS allele to evaluate the selectivity of this compound. In addition to KRASG12D, MRTX1133 showed significant activity against several other KRAS mutants as well as wild-type KRAS protein. In contrast, MRTX1133 exhibited no activity against both G12D and wild-type forms of HRAS and NRAS proteins. Functional analysis revealed that the selectivity of MRTX1133 toward KRAS is associated with its binding to H95 on KRAS, a residue that is not conserved in HRAS and NRAS. Reciprocal mutation of amino acid 95 among the three RAS paralogs resulted in reciprocal change in their sensitivity toward MRTX1133. Thus, H95 is an essential selectivity handle for MRTX1133 toward KRAS. Amino acid diversity at residue 95 could facilitate the discovery of pan-KRAS inhibitors as well as HRAS and NRAS paralog-selective inhibitors.

Significance:
The nonconserved H95 residue on KRAS is required for the selectivity of the KRASG12D inhibitor MRTX1133 and can be exploited for the development of pan-KRAS inhibitors.
Discordance of HER2 Expression and/or Amplification on Repeat Testing
Authors: DiPeri Timothy P. , Kong Kathleen , Varadarajan Kaushik , Karp Daniel D. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Pant Shubham , Press Michael F. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We sought to assess discordance of HER2 status in patients with HER2-amplified/expressing solid tumors who underwent reevaluation of HER2 status. Patients with metastatic solid tumors and HER2 expression by IHC or amplification by FISH/next-generation sequencing on local testing underwent central HER2 IHC/FISH testing with either archival or fresh biopsies and were evaluated for discordance in HER2 status. 70 patients (12 cancer types) underwent central HER2 reevaluation, including 57 (81.4%) with a new biopsy. In 30 patients with HER2 3+ on local IHC, 21 (70.0%) were 3+, 5 (16.7%) were 2+, 2 (6.7%) were 1+, and 2 (6.7%) had 0 HER2 expression on central IHC. In 15 patients whose cancers were 2+ on local IHC, 2 (13.3%) were 3+, 5 (33.3%) were 2+, 7 (46.7%) were 1+, and 1 (6.7%) had 0 HER2 expression on central IHC. HER2 discordance was seen in 16 of 52 (30.8%) of patients with HER2 overexpression/amplification who underwent a new image-guided biopsy. Discordance was observed in 10 (33.3%) of 30 patients who received intervening HER2-targeted therapy and in 6 (23.8%) of 22 patients who did not. In the 8 patients who had central HER2 assessment from the same archival block used for local testing, none were discordant. Discordance of HER2 status is common in patients with tumors previously identified as HER2-expressing, especially in patients with HER2 2+ tumors. Repeat biomarker evaluation may have value when considering HER2-targeted therapies.
A influência do contato com a natureza na reabilitação de pessoas em situação de dependência química residentes em Comunidades Terapêuticas
Authors: Bittencourt Rodolfo Nunes , Melo Junior João Carlos Ferreira de , Pedroso Mateus Vieira 
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: identificar a influência da natureza sobre os sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em acolhidos em Comunidades Terapêuticas. Metodologia: estudo transversal, quali-quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo realizado com acolhidos em Comunidades Terapêuticas da região nordeste de Santa Catarina, em 2021. A saúde mental avaliada pela Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse-21. Os participantes expressaram sua percepção utilizando três palavras que representaram os seus sentimentos com relação a esse benefício, criando-se uma Nuvens de Palavras. A análise de dados ocorreu por meio da estratificação das variáveis coletadas, sendo organizadas por frequências absolutas e relativas e testes estatísticos. Resultados: participaram 86 acolhidos do gênero masculino em 3 comunidades, idade média de 39,95 anos. Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica foi a doença predominante; drogas de adição frequentes álcool e cocaína. Quanto aos sintomas, 53,4% (n=46) com sintomas de estresse, 41,7% (n=36) com sintomas de ansiedade e 34,8% (n=30) com sintomas depressivos. A Nuvem de Palavras apresentou os termos “bem-estar, calma e paz” como benefícios do contato com a natureza. Conclusão: os participantes apresentam índices de estresse, ansiedade e depressão elevados, porém consideram o contato mais próximo com a natureza após o seu acolhimento na Comunidade Terapêutica como um fator positivo em sua reabilitação.
Racial Differences in Presentation and Outcomes After Peripheral Arterial Interventions: Insights From the NCDR-PVI Registry
Authors: Julien Howard M. , Wang Yongfei , Curtis Jeptha P. , Johnston-Cox Hillary , Eberly Lauren A. , Wang Grace J. , Nathan Ashwin S. , Fanaroff Alexander C. , Khatana Sameed Ahmed M. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Secemsky Eric A. , Eneanya Nwamaka D. , Vora Amit N. , Kobayashi Taisei , Barbery Carlos , Chery Godefroy , Kohi Maureen , Kirksey Lee , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Jaff Michael R. , Giri Jay 
Published: June 2023

Background:
We assess the rates of device use and outcomes by race among patients undergoing lower extremity peripheral arterial intervention using the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry-Peripheral Vascular Intervention (PVI) registry.

Methods:
Patients who underwent PVI between April 2014 and March 2019 were included. Socioeconomic status was evaluated using the Distressed Community Index score for patients’ zip codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with utilization of drug-eluting technologies, intravascular imaging, and atherectomy. Among patients with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data, we compared 1-year mortality, rates of amputation, and repeat revascularizations.

Results:
Of 63 150 study cases, 55 719 (88.2%) were performed in White patients and 7431 (11.8%) in Black patients. Black patients were younger (67.9 versus 70.0 years), had higher rates of hypertension (94.4% versus 89.5%), diabetes (63.0% versus 46.2%), less likely to be able to walk 200 m (29.1% versus 24.8%), and higher Distressed Community Index scores (65.1 versus 50.6). Black patients were provided drug-eluting technologies at a higher rate (adjusted odds ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.06–1.23]) with no difference in atherectomy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.91–1.05]) or intravascular imaging (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.88–1.22]) use. Black patients experienced a lower rate of acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.72–0.88]). In Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-linked analyses of 7429 cases (11.8%), Black patients were significantly less likely to have surgical (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.17–0.96]) or repeat PVI revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.30–0.59]) at 1 year compared with White patients. There was no difference in mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [0.8–1.4]) or major amputation (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 0.8–7.6]) between Black and White patients.

Conclusions:
Black patients presenting for PVI were younger, had higher prevalence of comorbidities and lower socioeconomic status. After adjustment, Black patients were less likely to have surgical or repeat PVI revascularization after the index PVI procedure.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Neutrophils From Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Ji , Zhang Yun-Long , Gong Su-Gang , Zhao Qin-Hua , Wang Xiao-Juan , Zhao Jia-Yu , Jiang Rong , Qiu Hong-Ling , Li Hui-Ting , He Jing , Liu Shao-Fei , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Wang Lan 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH) is a rare and devastating disease often accompanied by persistent inflammation and immune responses. We aim to provide a reference atlas of neutrophils to facilitate a better understanding of cellular phenotypes and discovery of candidate genes.

METHODS:
Peripheral neutrophils from naive patients with IPAH and matched controls were profiled. Whole-exon sequencing was performed to exclude known genetic mutations before establishing single-cell RNA sequencing. Marker genes were validated by flow cytometry and histology in a separate validation cohort.

RESULTS:

Seurat clustering analysis revealed that the landscape of neutrophils encompassed 5 clusters, including 1 progenitor, 1 transition, and 3 functional clusters. The intercorrelated genes in patients with IPAH were mainly enriched in antigen processing presentation and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. We identified and validated differentially upregulated genes, including
MMP9
(matrix metallopeptidase 9),
ISG15
(ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier), and
CXCL8
(C-X-C motif ligand 8). The positive proportions and fluorescence quantification of these genes were significantly increased in CD16
+
neutrophils in patients with IPAH. The higher proportion of positive MMP9 neutrophils increased mortality risk after adjustment for age and sex. Patients with higher proportions of positive MMP9 neutrophils had worse survival, while the fraction of ISG15- or CXCL8-positive expression neutrophils failed to predict outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study yields a comprehensive dataset of the landscape of neutrophils in patients with IPAH. The predictive values of a neutrophil cluster characterized by higher MMP9 expression indicate a functional role for neutrophil-specific matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.