bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurosurgical immigrant experience in Italy: analysis of a northeast tertiary center.
Authors: Giordan Enrico , Marton Elisabetta , Canova Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Italy’s immigrant population has risen for the last two decades. Integration into society, including access to healthcare, is critical for the well-being of these individuals. We analyzed two groups: regular immigrants and Italians, to determine whether immigrant and native Italian populations receive different care.
Methods: inpatient and outpatient medical records were collected from January 2017 to December 2021. We abstracted: identification code, nationality, sex, age, ICD-9 codes, date of the first visit, date of additional visits, and data on surgical intervention. ICD-9 codes were utilized to categorize patients based on their pathologies. Patients were grouped according to their geographical origin: European Union (EU), Central and Eastern Europe, North, Central, and South Africa, and North and Central and South America.
Results: more patients from Asia and Africa presented to inpatient than outpatient clinics (p-value: 0.001). Median age was lower for Asian and Eastern European patients than EU ones. More patients presented with acute spine pain (p-value: 0.001) as inpatients, while outpatients presented more for degenerative spine issues (p-value: <0.001) but less for brain neoplasms (p-value: 0.009). Additional visit rates were higher for immigrants than Italians (IRR 1.32 visit- year, 95% CI 0.99–1.77 visits - year, p-value: 0.06), especially when spinal and younger patients.
Conclusions: access to emergency care and additional visits was more prevalent in the recent immigrant population, especially from Asia, reflecting unconsolidated health habits. Immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe or North Africa seem fully integrated.
The impact of dementia on Quality of Life and wellbeing of informal caregivers in Asia: A Scoping Review Comparing High and Low-Middle Income Countries
Authors: Hanna Fahad , Padre-e Aiza Amore , Raymonds Millicent , Brahmbhatt Priya , Samnani Shelina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
As the population ages, the need for informal caregiving is becoming an increasingly serious topic for researchers and policymakers. To draw awareness to the consequences of informal caregiving among Asian populations, this review explored the psychosocial impact of providing dementia care on caregivers in the context of both high-income and low-middle-income Asian countries.
Methodology: A scoping review was undertaken following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) protocol. A systematic search of 4 databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Medline and Medline Complete) was conducted using topic specific keywords to identify the relevant peer-reviewed studies conducted in Asian countries. Articles were screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis- extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA- ScR) guidelines. Data was extracted from selected studies and thematically synthesized and analyzed to show the overall impacts to caregivers of providing care to people with dementia.
Result
Fourteen articles (11 cross-sectional, one longitudinal, one case-control, and one descriptive-phenomenological study) were selected for the final analysis. Eight studies were conducted in low-to-middle-income Asian countries, while six studies were conducted in high-income Asian countries. The most frequently reported findings were dementia caregivers working longer hours, having financial issues, poor physical health, and lower life satisfaction, which progressively and collectively affected caregivers' quality of life. However, the impacts were less significant in high-income Asian countries, particularly in countries like Japan and Korea due to efforts been made to identify burdens associated with caring for people with dementia and the provision of appropriate support.
Conclusion
The scoping review demonstrates clear evidence that caring for people with dementia may affect the quality of life of informal caregivers, particularly in low-middle income countries of Asia. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis may be needed to confirm these findings.
CD20 is a mammalian odorant receptor expressed in a subset of olfactory sensory
neurons that mediates innate avoidance of predators
Authors: Greer Paul , Jiang Hao-Ching , Park Sung Jin , Wang I-Hao , Bear Daniel , Nowlan Alexandra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The mammalian olfactory system detects and discriminates between millions of odorants to elicit appropriate behavioral responses. While much has been learned about how olfactory sensory neurons detect odorants and signal their presence, how specific innate, unlearned behaviors are initiated in response to ethologically relevant odors remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the 4-transmembrane protein CD20, also known as MS4A1, is expressed in a previously uncharacterized subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium of the murine nasal cavity and functions as a mammalian odorant receptor that recognizes compounds produced by mouse predators. While wild-type mice avoid these predator odorants, mice genetically deleted of CD20 do not appropriately respond. Together, this work reveals a novel CD20-mediated odor-sensing mechanism in the mammalian olfactory system that triggers innate behaviors critical for organismal survival.
Languages with more speakers tend to be harder to (machine-)learn
Authors: Koplenig Alexander , Wolfer Sascha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Computational language models (LMs), most notably exemplified by the widespread success of OpenAI's ChatGPT chatbot, show impressive performance on a wide range of linguistic tasks, thus providing cognitive science and linguistics with a computational working model to empirically study different aspects of human language. Here, we use LMs to test the hypothesis that languages with more speakers tend to be easier to learn. In two experiments, we train several LMs – ranging from very simple n-gram models to state-of-the-art deep neural networks – on written cross-linguistic corpus data covering 1,294 different languages and statistically estimate learning difficulty. Using a variety of quantitative methods and machine learning techniques to account for phylogenetic relatedness and geographical proximity of languages, we show that there is robust evidence for a relationship between learning difficulty and speaker population size. However, contrary to expectations derived from previous research, our results suggest that languages with more speakers tend to be harder to learn.
Development of a unique protocol for the production of doubled haploids in Hot Pepper
Authors: Misal Sachin , Das Arunava 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hot pepper ranks seventh among the most produced vegetables in the world. This crop is famous for its color and pungency. Hot pepper contains many important phytonutrients that enable it to fight against cancer. Conventional breeding in Hot Pepper is labor-consuming and a long-term process. This can be overcome by using novel approaches, such as, in vitro doubled haploid plant production. This method not only accelerate breeding programs but also facilitates recovery of recessive mutations. There are many articles published on doubled haploid development in Capsicum annuum; it reports both anther culture and shed-microspore culture methods, but both these methods require either subculture of anthers or the addition of new media, which makes both protocols laborious. The present study aims to develop a single-step direct embryogenesis protocol to produce doubled haploids in Capsicum annuum. We analyzed effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis on ten Hot pepper genotypes with six media combinations including shed-microspore culture protocol (Supena et.al 2006) and two-step anther culture protocol (Dumas de vaulx et.al 1981 and Para-Vega et.al 2016). Among six, one media combination responded very well to single-step direct embryogenesis compared to other protocols with more than 20% plant regeneration frequency. We observed an average embryogenesis of 7.53% and plant regeneration frequency of 3.81%. We achieved a survival index of 97.61% after acclimatization of plants in the polyhouse. The results of these experiments show that, one-step direct embryogenesis can be achieved with unique combination of plant growth regulators.
Singlet oxygen-induced alteration of bacteria associated with phytodetritus: effect of bacterial pigments
Authors: Simon Gwénola , Casalot Laurie , Valette Corinne , Burot Christopher , Rontani Jean-François , Bonin Patricia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We sought to determine whether the presence of carotenoids actively protects bacteria associated with senescent phytoplankton cells from damage caused by singlet oxygen (1O2) resulting from the cessation of photosynthetic reactions. We irradiated senescent cells of the diatom Thalassiosira sp. associated with the bacterial strains Pseudomonas stutzeri (a ubiquitous planktonic unpigmented heterotrophic bacterium) or Dinoroseobacter shibae (an aerobic anoxygenic bacterium often associated with phytoplankton rich in the spheroidenone, carotenoid). The analysis focused on the photooxidation of bacterial membrane lipids (vaccenic acid) and the expression of genes involved in DNA repair systems. In P. stutzeri cells, 1O2 transferred from senescent algae was not completely scavenged by bacterial membrane MUFAs and reached the cytoplasm, allowing both 1O2 and UV radiation to cause DNA damage. In D. shibae, scavenging by bacterial membrane MUFAs quenching by spheroidenone allowed only a small fraction of 1O2 to reach the cytoplasm, where the efficient detoxifying activity of mutY limited their impact on the DNA of this strain, thus preventing oxidative stress. The fact that Rhodobacteriales is the dominant order in bacterioplankton communities associated with algal blooms could thus be due to the protective effect of its constituent carotenoids against 1O2- and UV-induced damage.
Efficacy of Online Counseling During Pandemics in Zambia: A Client and Therapist Perspective
Authors: Mulungu Choongo , Mindu Tafadzwa , Mulungu Kelvin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Population-based studies show that a growing number of counsellors have been providing counselling via the Internet. There are mixed findings regarding the efficacy of online counselling when compared to traditional face-to-face counselling and other modalities. During the COVID-19 outbreak, online counselling services were advanced as the only safe means of attending to mental health conditions, especially during lockdowns. However, the efficacy of online counselling remained unclear especially in developing countries with low digital literacy and poor Internet connectivity. The study's main purpose was to investigate and determine the clients' and therapists' perspectives about the efficacy of online counselling during the pandemic based on the level of preparedness, mode of delivery and challenges faced. The study used mixed methods employing parallel convergent design and collected data from 284 participants (44 therapists and 240 counselling clients). The study found that therapists were not prepared to offer online counselling services but were compelled by high demands for counselling services from clients during the pandemic. Both clients and therapists cited the cost of data bundles to connect to the Internet. Further, both the clients and therapists agreed that the most efficacious platform was video conferencing. Findings also show that therapists observed slowed progress on the client's recovery due to clients missing sessions. Logistic regression results on factors associated with preparedness and positive perception of online counselling showed that older therapists and lay counsellors were more likely to be less prepared and evaluate session as less efficacious respectively. Living in Lusaka (the capital) was associated with a higher odd of perceiving online counselling as efficacious. Client results showed that older clients had lower odds while being female, and the counsellor being prepared increased the odds of the session being efficacious. The researcher concluded that online counselling, in the context of a developing country, was inefficacious due to poor network connectivity, the multiplicity of ICT channels, concerns with privacy, low digital literacy, and lack of knowledge or experience using these platforms.
Visual Transductive learning via Iterative Label Correction
Authors: Rezaie Samaneh , Ahmadvand Mahya , Tahmoresnezhad Jafar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to transfer knowledge across domains when there is no labeled data available in the target domain. In this way, UDA methods attempt to utilize pseudo-labeled target samples to align distribution across the source and target domains. To mitigate the negative impact of inaccurate pseudo-labeling on knowledge transfer, we propose a novel UDA method known as visual transductive learning via iterative label correction (VTL) that benefits from a novel label correction paradigm. Specifically, we learn a domain invariant and class discriminative latent feature representation for samples of both source and target domains. Simultaneously, VTL attempts to locally align the information of samples by learning the geometric structure of samples. In the new shared feature space, the novel label correction paradigm is utilized to effectively maximize the reliability of pseudo labels by correcting inaccurate pseudo-labeled target samples, which significantly improves VTL classification performance. The experimental results on several object recognition tasks verified our proposed VTL superiority in comparison with other state-of-the-arts.
Influence of nitrogen fertilization, seed inoculation and the synergistic effect of these treatments on soybean yielding under conditions in south-western Poland
Authors: Serafin-Andrzejewska Magdalena , Jama-Rodzeńska Anna , Helios Waldemar , Kozak Marcin , Lewandowska Sylwia , Kotecki Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Soybean, belonging to legumes, has a specific ability to biological nitrogen fixation, which can be reinforced by seeds inoculation. However, support with a starter dose of mineral nitrogen fertiliser may be necessary to achieve high seed yields. A four-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha− 1), seed inoculation with different commercial preparation (HiStick Soy and Nitragina) and combinations of these treatments on yield components and yielding of soybean in conditions of south-western part of Poland. The synergistic effect of mineral fertilization at dose 30 kg ha− 1 and inoculation on soybean productivity was the most beneficial. Similar effects were observed when 60 kg N·ha− 1 was applied both separately and with inoculation. However, due to the environmental impact of mineral fertilisers and to promote plants to BNF, it is advisable to use lower doses of N fertiliser (at 30 kg∙ha− 1) and inoculate soybean seeds in agro- climatic conditions of south-western Poland.
A visible-light photoinduced controlled radical polymerization using recyclable MIL-100(Fe) metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Nguyen Tuyen Bich Thi , Nguyen Tam Huu , Nguyen Thao Phuong Le , Nguyen Cam Hong Thi , Nguyen Viet Quoc , Nguyen Le-Thu T. , Cu Thanh Son , Hoang Mai Ha , Nguyen Ha Tran , Nguyen Thiet Quoc 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Controlled polymer techniques have significantly advanced thanks to using the energy of light to control radical polymerizations. Although many photocatalysts (e.g. metal catalysts, organocatalysts, semiconductor materials, etc.) have been reported, most of these catalysts are still expensive synthetic, trace oxygen-sensitive, and often use UV source light to create the activator to the polymerization. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), consisting of metal clusters coordinated to organic ligands, are rising stars as heterogeneous photocatalysis for living radical polymerization techniques because they have many advantages such as facile operation, low-toxic, air stability, and sustainability. Herein, we reported a robust and versatile Fe(III)-MOF, MIL-100(Fe), as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under visible light and natural sunlight without any additives. Moreover, controlled polymerization was also achieved in the presence of oxygen. Many polymer compositions including homopolymers, random copolymers, and diblock copolymers were successfully prepared with well-defined molecular weights and narrow dispersity index values (Đ < 1.5). Most importantly, the heterogeneous Fe(III)-MOF catalyst was allowed easily separated and can be reused again for ATRP reaction for ten cycles that remains the high photocatalytic efficiency. This method provides a new avenue for exploring MIL-100(Fe) as a low-cost, high-performance, and sustainable catalyst for photo-ATRP.
Asthma Control and Sputum Eosinophils in Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: Barcellos Vanessa Albano , Santos Vanessa Cristina Hartmann dos , Moreira Maria Ângela Fontoura , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Asthma control and health related quality of life are an important goal of asthma management, but their association with sputum eosinophilic inflammation has been less firmly established.
Objective: To investigate the relationship of asthma control and quality of life with sputum eosinophils in clinical practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample, including patients with asthma, aged between 18 and 65 years, attending to outpatient clinic. Patients underwent sputum induction, pulmonary function tests, Juniper’s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Test (ACT), Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria for evaluation of asthma control and severity of the disease, blood count analysis, serum IgE and cutaneous prick test. Sputum sample was considered as eosinophilic if the percentage of eosinophils was ≥3%.
Results: A total of 45 individuals were enrolled, 15 with eosinophilic sputum (≥ 3% eosinophil cells) and 30 with non-eosinophilic sputum (<3% eosinophil cells). There were no association of ACT an AQLQ scores with sputum eosinophilia (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study suggested that the finding of sputum eosinophilia was not related to asthma control neither with health-related quality of life in patients with severe asthma.
The association between the type of offline social participation and digital literacy among Korean older adults
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Kim Hyunkyu , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Suk-Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Poor social connections are associated with the digital divide. The digital divide could induce poor outcomes in daily life or health status, especially among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social participation based on its absolute magnitude on digital literacy and to confirm the well-known fact that social participations are good for digital literacy is applicable regardless of activity types.
Methods
Data from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans were analyzed. The digital divide was determined by usage of digital devices. Offline social participation was evaluated using seven different social activities: senior community activities, learning activities, religious activities, volunteer work, leisure, political groups, and club activities. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with covariate adjustment was used for the analysis.
Results
Engaging in more than two kinds of social participation was associated with good digital literacy: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.965, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.567–2.465 for two kinds of participation, aOR 2.558, 95% CI = 2.040–3.208 for more than three kinds of participation. Also, social participations even less than once a month and most types of offline activities were associated with better digital literacy. However, senior community activities were negatively associated with digital literacy (aOR = 0.762; 95% CI = 0.681–0.852).
Conclusions
The lower the social participation, the poorer the digital literacy. This association would induce the isolation of older adults from societies especially for older adults with senior community activities.
Discriminating Between Parkinson's Disease and Control Sin-gle Task and Dual Task Groups Using Fractal Dimension Analysis of Center of Pressure (CoP)
Authors: Niaty A , Ghorbani AR , Jalali M , Abdolali A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the well-known neurodegenerative disease that deteriorates human regular planning procedure, motor control, and movements especially walking. PD patients may pay more attention to their gait in order to compensate and achieve a more normal walking. So, this may cause more difficulties for them to do a dual-task (DT) while walking. The center of pressure (CoP) in walking is introduced as a theoretical point where represents distributed pressure between the floor and various parts of the foot. The CoP traces, represents the movement of a person to maintain a stable position in both the sagittal and frontal planes. The aim of this study is to report the results of discrimination between Parkinson and Control subject’s CoP data using nonlinear analysis such az Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD). The effect of single-task and dual-task on the non-linear characterestics of CoP in both Parkinson and Control groups are also investigated. A fractal pattern helps us to describe irregular and chaotic shapes such as CoP traces and its complexity. Given the fact that FD can be used to characterize the signal complexity, we explored the ability of HFD to discriminate between CoP signals of 21 PD patients and 15 control subjects.
Neural Mechanisms of Visual-Spatial Judgment Behavior under Visual and Auditory Constraints: Evidence from EEG during Handgun Shooting
Authors: Shi Qidi , Gong Anmin , Ding Peng , Wang Fan , Fu Yunfa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Light and noise are important factors affecting shooting performance, and shooters will develop physiological processes that differ from normal shooting when they are subjected to disturbed visual and auditory conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore the neural mechanism of shooting preparation in skilled shooters with visual and auditory limitations. We designed an experiment and recorded the electroencephalograph (EEG) and shooting performance indexes of 40 skilled marksmanship during the shooting preparation stage under three conditions: low light, noise interference and normal environment. EEG relative band power features and event-related desynchronization/synchronization(ERD/ERS) features were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that (1) the average score of shooters was 8.55 under normal conditions, 7.71 under visually restricted conditions, and 8.50 under auditory restricted conditions; (2) the relative EEG band power in the frontal lobe (Fp1, Fp2), frontal lobe (F4, F8), left temporal region (T7), central lobe (CP2) and parietal lobe (P3, PO3) in the theta band was significantly lower than that in the other two environments (p < 0.05).(3) In low-light environment, a significant negative correlation was found between the central region, the left and right temporal region and the parietal lobe (p < 0.05).