bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput compositional mapping of triple‐cation tin–lead perovskites for high‐efficiency solar cells
Authors: Gunasekaran Rajendra Kumar , Jung Jina , Yang Sung Woong , Yun Jungchul , Yun Yeonghun , Vidyasagar Devthade , Choi Won Chang , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Noh Jun Hong , Kim Dong Hoe , Lee Sangwook 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMixed tin–lead perovskites suffer from structural instability and rapid tin oxidation; thus, the investigation of their optimal composition ranges is important to address these inherent weaknesses. The critical role of triple cations in mixed Sn–Pb iodides is studied by performing a wide range of compositional screenings over mechanochemically synthesized bulk and solution‐processed thin films. A ternary phase map of FA (Sn0.6Pb0.4)I3, MA(Sn0.6Pb0.4)I3, and Cs(Sn0.6Pb0.4)I3 is formed, and a promising composition window of (FA0.6−xMA0.4Csx)Sn0.6Pb0.4I3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) is demonstrated through phase, photoluminescence, and stability evaluations. Solar cell performance and chemical stability across the targeted compositional space are investigated, and FA0.55MA0.4Cs0.05Sn0.6Pb0.4I3 with strain‐relaxed lattices, reduced defect densities, and improved oxidation stability is demonstrated. The inverted perovskite solar cells with the optimal composition demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of over 22% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.867 V, which corresponds to voltage loss of 0.363 V, promising for the development of narrow‐bandgap perovskite solar cells.
Information effects in discrete choice experiments: Does type of delivery matter for valuation estimates and attribute nonattendance?
Authors: Agossadou Monsoïa Arsène Juste , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of using combined text script and audio clip versus text script only to convey information on US low‐skilled nonmigrant workers' willingness to accept agricultural field jobs amid COVID‐19 pandemic. Using a discrete choice experiment, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two information modalities. Respondents assigned to combined text script and audio clip were willing to accept more for several job attributes, especially when estimates were conditional on attribute attendance. Moreover, this information modality lowered the prevalence of attribute nonattendance. The findings have important implications for the design of information provision experiments.
Serum circular RNA hsa_circ_0000702 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Yuan Wentao , Fang Ronghua , Mao Chunyan , Chen Hongmei , Tai Bojun , Cong Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is mounting evidence that Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are essential for the initiation and development of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we further investigated the clinical importance and applicability of serum hsa_circ_0000702 in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.MethodsSanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis, and RNase R assay were used to confirm the origin, alterations, and stability of hsa_circ_0000702 in GC patients. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression level of hsa_circ_0000702 in GC cell lines, serum, and tissues. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to evaluate their prognostic value and how well they would work in conjunction with popular biochemical markers for GC. Finally, real‐time dynamic monitoring was used to assess its prognostic usefulness.ResultsHsa_circ_0000702 exhibited the fundamental traits of circRNA. Hsa_circ_0000702 had good sensitivity, specificity, and stability. It was discovered that hsa_circ_0000702 was down‐regulated in GC cell lines, serum, and tissues, and that the level of tumor differentiation and tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging were connected with serum hsa_circ_0000702. The area under the ROC curve of serum hsa_circ_0000702 was calculated to be 0.745 (95% CI: 0.669–0.821), indicating high diagnostic efficacy. The diagnostic value was greatly increased by combining serum CEA and CA19‐9. Finally, preoperative and postoperative dynamic monitoring revealed serum hsa_circ_0000702 to be of clinical application.ConclusionSerum hsa_circ_0000702 was variably expressed in GC patients, indicating that serum hsa_circ_0000702 may be a novel biomarker for GC diagnosis and dynamic monitoring.
Microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes: A review
Authors: Porterfield Katherine K. , Hobson Sarah A. , Neher Deborah A. , Niles Meredith T. , Roy Eric D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiverting food waste from landfills to composting or anaerobic digestion can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enable the recovery of energy in usable forms, and create nutrient‐rich soil amendments. However, many food waste streams are mixed with plastic packaging, raising concerns that food waste‐derived composts and digestates may inadvertently introduce microplastics into agricultural soils. Research on the occurrence of microplastics in food waste‐derived soil amendments is in an early phase and the relative importance of this potential pathway of microplastics to agricultural soils needs further clarification. In this paper, we review what is known and what is not known about the abundance of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and their effects on agricultural soils. Additionally, we highlight future research needs and suggest ways to harmonize microplastic abundance and ecotoxicity studies with the design of related policies. This review is novel in that it focuses on quantitative measures of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and discusses limitations of existing methods and implications for policy.
Attitudes and beliefs regardingrace‐targetedgenetic testing of Black people: A systematic review
Authors: Iltis Ana S. , Rolf Liz , Yaeger Lauren , Goodman Melody S. , DuBois James M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeographical ancestry has been associated with an increased risk of various genetic conditions. Race and ethnicity often have been used as proxies for geographical ancestry. Despite numerous problems associated with the crude reliance on race and ethnicity as proxies for geographical ancestry, some genetic testing in the clinical, research, and employment settings has been and continues to be race‐ or ethnicity‐based. Race‐based or race‐targeted genetic testing refers to genetic testing offered only or primarily to people of particular racial or ethnic groups because of presumed differences among groups. One current example isAPOL1testing of Black kidney donors. Race‐based genetic testing raises numerous ethical and policy questions. Given the ongoing reliance on the Black race in genetic testing, it is important to understand the views of people who identify as Black or are identified as Black (including African American, Afro‐Caribbean, and Hispanic Black) regarding race‐based genetic testing that targets Black people because of their race. We conducted a systematic review of studies and reports of stakeholder‐engaged projects that examined how people who identify as or are identified as Black perceive genetic testing that specifically presumes genetic differences exist among racial groups or uses race as a surrogate for ancestral genetic variation and targets Black people. Our review identified 14 studies that explicitly studied this question and another 13 that implicitly or tacitly studied this matter. We found four main factors that contribute to a positive attitude toward race‐targeted genetic testing (facilitators) and eight main factors that are associated with concerns regarding race‐targeted genetic testing (barriers). This review fills an important gap. These findings should inform future genetic research and the policies and practices developed in clinical, research, public health, or other settings regarding genetic testing.
Factors that influence the management recommendations breast surgeons provide to women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes
Authors: Vanderwal April , Lewis Jaime , Basil Janet , Atzinger Carrie , Widmeyer Kimberly 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, such as ATM and CHEK2, confer a two‐ to five‐fold increased lifetime risk for breast cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has guidelines for breast surgeons to utilize when counseling women with pathogenic variants in these genes; however, previous studies indicate that other factors impact breast surgeons' recommendations to patients. This study investigated factors influencing management recommendations presented by breast surgeons to women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with breast surgeons practicing in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. A total of 15 breast surgeons from eight different hospitals participated in five focus groups and three individual interviews. Participants discussed factors they consider when making management recommendations for risk reduction in women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. Participants provided risk management recommendations for given scenarios. Patient motivation/opinion, family history, patient current health status, patient personal preference, and patient anxiety level were among the most common factors mentioned. It appeared that how these factors are valued and applied in practice varies. There was no consensus among breast surgeons on which risk‐reducing management options they would recommend in each scenario. There are many factors breast surgeons take into consideration when making recommendations for this patient population. This information could inform future research on decision making around treatment for individuals with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes.
Comparisons of pathologic findings and outcomes of gastric cancer patients younger and older than 40: a propensity score matching study in a single center of Korea
Authors: Kim Yo H , Jung Yu M , Park Tae Y , Jeong Su J , Kim Tae H , Lee Jin , Park Jongha , Kim Tae O , Park Yong E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high incidence rate in Korean men. However, comparative studies are scarce on the pathologic findings and treatment effects of GC in patients aged less than 40 years. We evaluated the characteristics and pathologic findings of GC patients aged younger and older than 40 years.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 2307 patients diagnosed with GC between January 2010 and May 2018. Eighty‐eight (3.8%) and 2219 (96.2%) patients were younger and older than 40 years, respectively. The patients were divided into younger (n = 70) and older (n = 62) age groups through propensity matching.ResultsOverall, compared to the younger group, the older group (n = 2219) had a significantly higher proportion of male patients (66.7% vs 39.8%; P < 0.001) and patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (2.3% vs 23.1%; P < 0.001). However, young patients more often underwent operations compared to older patients (78.4% vs 60.1%; P = 0.001). In the propensity‐matched group, older patients more often showed differentiated carcinoma, including well‐differentiated (5.7% vs 11.3%) and moderately differentiated (1.4% vs 32.3%). However, younger patients more often showed signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) (70.0% vs 25.8%). In multivariate analysis, Helicobacter pylori infection (odds ratio, 12.643; 95% confidence interval, 1.068–1449.665; P = 0.044) independently correlated with SRC risk.ConclusionsPatients below 40 years were more likely to undergo surgery compared to ESD, and pathologic findings were more common in SRC. Therefore, more active screening and H. pylori eradication are needed even in patients aged less than 40 years.
Evaluating the economic effects of the Ebola virus disease in Liberia: A synthetic control approach
Authors: Flomo Amos Z. B. , Papyrakis Elissaios , Wagner Natascha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe use the synthetic control method to isolate the impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic on the Liberian economy. We find a slight initial decline in the unemployment rate, followed by an increase of roughly 1% (p‐value ≤5%). The effect on inflation is more substantial (close to a 7% and 18% increase 4 and 5years after the outbreak) but statistically insignificant in the preceding period (2014–2016). We do not identify any other significant income and welfare effects. Synthetic control evidence for Guinea and Sierra Leone suggest even more limited long‐term impacts.
Salivary cytokine expression after non‐surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Leite Fábio R. M. , López Rodrigo , Møller Holger J. , Nascimento Gustavo G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiverse smoking trajectories may influence cytokine expression after non‐surgical periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal care. Thus, we aimed to describe cytokine profiles in periodontal healing after periodontal therapy in smokers.MethodsA smoking cessation program and non‐surgical periodontal therapy were offered to 80 smokers with periodontitis. Smoking trajectories (quitters/light, moderate, heavy) were observed. The association of salivary interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) with smoking trajectories and periodontal outcomes was determined using mixed‐effects linear regression.ResultsAmong quitters/light smokers, IL‐1β was associated with an increase in mean periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and mean clinical attachment level (CAL). IL‐6 was associated with a decrease in mean PPD and CAL in heavy smokers, whereas IL‐8 was associated with a decrease in PPD among moderate smokers. TNFα was associated with a reduction in mean PPD and CAL among quitters/light smokers, while among moderate smokers, TNFα was associated with an increase in mean PPD and CAL. IL‐12 and IL‐13 were associated with a decrease in mean PPD in moderate smokers.ConclusionOur findings suggest that distinctive smoking exposures induce differential cytokine expression, which, in turn, seems to influence periodontal repair.
The wheat AMT2 (AMmonium Transporter) family, possible functions in ammonium uptake and pathogenic/symbiotic interactions
Authors: Porras‐Murillo Romano , Zhao Yufen , Hu Jinling , Ijato Toyosi , Retamal Joseline Palafox , Ludewig Uwe , Neuhäuser Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmmonium uptake into wheat roots relies primarily on two AMmonium Transporters of subfamily one, while the wheat genome comprises 4 to 6 AMT2 type transporters. Plant AMT2s generally show functions in root‐to‐shoot translocation or pathogenic and symbiotic plant–microorganism interactions. We addressed the activity of TaAMT2s in ammonium transport. Nitrogen‐dependent expression implicated a physiological function in ammonium uptake for TaAMT2;1 and in ammonium distribution for TaAMT2;2‐6.
The patchwork loess of Central Asia: Implications for interpreting aeolian dynamics and past climate circulation in piedmont regions
Authors: Dave Aditi K. , Lisá Lenka , Scardia Giancarlo , Nigmatova Saida , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTReconstruction of mass accumulation rates (MARs) in loess deposits are widely used for interpreting long‐term aeolian transport and climate dynamics in terrestrial environments. However, these interpretations are often driven by a preponderance of reconstructions from individual or selected sites, which can bias our understanding of past climate, especially in the absence of other proxy information. Recent studies on MARs from multiple loess sites in Arid Central Asia (ACA) reveal disparities in the timing of peaks in accumulation between sites, as well as asynchronies with loess flux in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). We investigate this issue by (1) dating five new sites from the western Ili Basin, therefore extending the spatial cover of loess chronologies across ACA and (2) combining that with MARs from >30 sites across ACA and the CLP over the last 60 ka. Our results indicate spatio‐temporal inhomogeneity in the timing and rate of loess deposition across the ACA, and highlight the importance of interrogating local and regional influences on dust supply and transport. Our synthesis of MARs from ACA and the CLP suggests that the timing of peak dust flux as an indicator of large‐scale climate dynamics is best derived from an aggregate of sites; this removes site‐specific bias where local processes or topographic settings outweigh the climate signature.
Homo floresiensisandHomo luzonensisare not temporally exceptional relative toHomo erectus
Authors: Roberts David L. , Jarić Ivan , Lycett Stephen J. , Flicker Dylan , Key Alastair 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe presence ofHomo floresiensisandHomo luzonensisin southeast Asia 90,000 to 60,000 years ago is considered surprising by many, and has been used to support their designation as unique species and the islands they were discovered on as refugia. Here, we statistically test the null hypothesis thatH. floresiensisandH.luzonensisrepresent temporally uninterrupted occurrences relative toHomo erectus. We do this using the ‘surprise test’ for the exceptionality of a new record. Results demonstrate thatH. floresiensisandH. luzonensisare not temporally distinct relative toH. erectus. Their late persistence should, therefore, not be considered surprising, they cannot reliably be inferred to be outside ofH. erectus’ temporal range, and – temporally – the islands of Luzon and Flores are not supported as refugia. Similarly, lateH. erectusat Ngandong, Java, is not demonstrated to be temporally distinct relative to earlier, principally mainland‐Asian,H. erectus. Further, we demonstrate that substantial numbers of fossil discoveries would be needed beforeH. floresiensisandH. luzonensisare outside ofH. erectus’expected temporal range. IfH. floresiensisandH. luzonensisare descended fromH. erectuspopulations, our results point toward either geographic processes of allopatric speciation or behavioural processes leading to a sympatric speciation event.
Oceanographic controls on Southern Ocean dimethyl sulfide distributions revealed by machine learning algorithms
Authors: McNabb Brandon J. , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe developed two machine learning models to map the Southern Ocean distribution of the climate‐active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at 20 km resolution. Results obtained from ensembles of random forest regressions and artificial neural networks reproduce observed DMS distributions with significantly higher accuracy than traditional statistical techniques, and are less prone to biases and spatial distortions than existing interpolation‐based climatologies. Both models predict persistently low offshore DMS concentrations associated with the Antarctic circumpolar current, suggesting that wind‐driven overturning mixing is the dominant regional control on DMS distributions. In addition, 60% of the variance in DMS seasonality is explained by changes in mixed layer depth and sea surface temperature, with a significant correlation between DMS concentrations and sea‐ice cover in coastal waters. We further identify the tracer Si* (defined as ) as a potentially important predictor for regional DMS distributions in Southern Ocean waters. At finer scales, our models capture various oceanographic features, including eddies, hydrographic fronts and jets that appear to play a role in driving DMS variability. Our results yield an estimated Southern Ocean sea‐air DMS flux of 8.7 ± 2.1 Tg S integrated across the phytoplankton growing season (October to April), representing 30.8% of total global oceanic S emissions, and highlighting the region's importance to the marine sulfur cycle. Our work provides new insights into the drivers of spatial variability in Southern Ocean DMS concentrations and sea‐air fluxes, and their potential responses to future climate‐dependent changes.
Food web efficiency in desert streams
Authors: Baruch Ethan M. , Harms Tamara K. , Ruhi Albert , Lu Mengdi , Gaines‐Sewell Leah , Sabo John L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProduction of animal biomass and the number of trophic levels supported by an ecosystem depend in part on rates of primary production, disturbance, predator–prey interactions, and the efficiency of energy flow through food webs. Of these factors, food web efficiency has been among the most difficult to quantify empirically. Thus, both the drivers and consequences of variation in food web efficiency remain largely unstudied in field settings. We estimated food web efficiency in nine desert streams spanning gradients of flash flood recurrence, resource availability, and trophic structure. Food web efficiency was estimated as fish community production relative to gross primary production at an annual timescale, based on quarterly observations of fish biomass and stream metabolism. Gross primary production was greatest in streams characterized by flashier flow regimes and greater relative light, temperature, and nitrogen availability. Fish production ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 g C m−2 yr−1, food web efficiency ranged from 9.5 × 10−5to 1.8 × 10−2, and both properties decreased with flashier flow regime, light, temperature, and nitrogen availability, but were not associated with food chain length. These results, combined with opposite effects of environmental variation on primary vs. fish production, indicated that the effects of disturbance regime (i.e., scouring floods), light, and temperature on fish production were not strongly mediated by bottom‐up controls. Estimates of food web efficiency under ambient disturbance and resource regimes suggest that a decoupling of energy flow from primary producers to upper trophic levels may prevail in hydrologically dynamic desert stream ecosystems.
Microcrystallization of Atactic Polystyrene Induced by Photooxidation Aging
Authors: Shen Zi‐rui , Lan Bin , Yang Qi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotooxidation aging, hygrothermal aging, and hot‐air aging are carried out on atactic polystyrene (aPS) samples formed by injection molding. It is interesting that microcrystals of atactic polystyrene are only found in photooxidation aging. This work proposes that high molecular weight atactic polystyrene can crystallize under photooxidation aging. It is a good addition to the research on the aspect of crystallization of atactic polystyrene.