bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muskelgesundheit und Ernährung im Alter
Authors: Kressig Reto W. 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung der letzten Jahre bestätigte: Ähnlich wie der Knochen ist der Muskel durch den physiologischen Alterungsprozess von einem Abbau betroffen, der rund 1/3 der initialen Muskelmasse ausmacht. Hat der damit verbundene Kraftabbau funktionelle Konsequenzen auf den Alltag (z. B. stark eingeschränkte Gehgeschwindigkeit: ≤ 0,8 m/s), spricht man von Sarkopenie. Der Erhalt der Muskelgesundheit im Alter ist möglich durch regelmässiges Krafttraining und proteinreiche Ernährung. Neueste Leitlinien empfehlen deutlich höhere tägliche Proteinmengen für Senioren (1,0–1,5 g/kg Körpergewicht) als bei jüngeren Erwachsenen (0,8 g). Neueste klinische Studien ergaben, dass mit Leucin angereicherte Molkenproteine in der Lage sind, Muskelmasse und Muskelfunktion im Alter zu steigern, auch wenn kein begleitendes Krafttraining durchgeführt werden kann. Dies hat insbesondere für die Prävention von Muskelabbau bei Bettlägerigkeit und Sedentarismus grosses Potenzial. Neben den Proteinen sind im Alter Vitamin D3, Kreatin und Omega-3-Fettsäuren massgeblich an der Unterstützung einer guten Muskelfunktion beteiligt.
Relationship between oral frailty, health-related quality of life, and survival among long-term care residents
Authors: Puranen Taija , Hiltunen Kaija , Kautiainen Hannu , Suominen Merja H. , Salminen Karoliina , Mäntylä Päivi , Roitto Hanna-Maria , Pitkälä Kaisu H. , Saarela Riitta K. T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated oral frailty (OFr) and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), energy and protein intake, and survival among older long-term care residents.

Methods
This cross-sectional study with a 3-year follow-up for survival assessed 349 residents in long-term care facilities (73% female, mean age 82 years). We defined OFr with six signs (dry mouth, food residue on oral surfaces, unclear speech, inability to keep mouth open or pain expression during the clinical oral examination, diet pureed/soft) and OFr severity was categorized as Group 1, (mild) = 0–1 signs, Group 2 (moderate) = 2–4 signs, and Group 3 (severe) = 5–6 signs. We measured HRQoL with 15D instrument, and energy and protein intake by a 1- to 2-day food record. Mortality was retrieved from central registers on March 2021.

Results
Of the residents, 15% had 0–1, 67% 2–4 and 18% 5–6 OFr signs. HRQoL decreased linearly from Group 1 to Group 3. OFr correlated with such dimensions of HRQoL as mobility, eating, speech, excretion, usual activities, mental function, and vitality. We found no association between OFr categories and energy and protein intake. Survival decreased linearly from Group 1 to Group 3.

Conclusions
OFr was common among older long-term care residents and OFr severity predicts poorer outcomes. The six oral signs denoting OFr may be used at the bedside to screen residents at risk for OFr.
Low-density polyethylene-multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite membranes with enhanced conductivity for highly sensitive vapor sensing
Authors: Shi Suyu , Xu Wenzhong , Zhou Bing , Qin Shengxue , Liu Xianhu , Li Handong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA facile technique was reported for fabricating high conductivity and improved strength of linear low-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (LLDPE/MWNTs) composite films by the ultrasonication anchoring technique and compression molding treatment. Thermal property, mechanical property, electrical conductivity, microstructures, optical property, and organic vapor sensing behaviors of the MWNTs/LLDPE composite films were studied. The MWNTs are uniformly anchored onto the surface of LLDPE matrix, and the conductive networks are easily formed by the ultrasonication anchoring technique. After compression molding treatment, the incorporation of MWNTs causes an easier formation of LLDPE extended-chain, which is wrapped around of MWNTs shish. The MWNTs/LLDPE composite films exhibit an excellent conductivity of 2.79 × 105Ω∙cm with 0.15 wt % MWNTs. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the composite films reaches 18.9 MPa. Interestingly, the transparency is not significantly reduced. The sensitivity and reproducibility of vapor sensing behaviors have been demonstrated during immersion-drying runs toward two representative solvents, i.e., acetone and xylene. This work opens up a new direction for the conductivity optimization of MWNTs/LLDPE composite films with a broad prospect in the field of vapor sensor.
Joint advertising and ordering decisions under the pre-sales crowdfunding
Authors: Zeng Kuan , Shen Yaohan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur study considers a company launching new product on pre-sales crowdfunding platform and explores the joint advertising and ordering decisions in mass market thereafter. Under the “AON” mechanism, we construct profit-maximizing models to examine the impact of pledged amount on the company’s decision on advertising expense, order quantity and funding target. The results show that the optimal order quantity increases with the pledged amount in crowdfunding, and the company won’t promote new product in mass market until the pledged amount reaches a funding threshold, and the advertising expense increases with the pledged amount since then. In addition, we figure out the feasible scope for the funding target and suggest the company set the target within the scope, to ensure the project profitability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the expected pledged amount won’t increase with the funding target, and the optimal funding target would be the lower bound in its feasible scope, to improve the campaign success. Finally, we conduct numerical analysis to verify our theoretical results.
Risk Perception About HIV Among University Students in One of the Last Hotspots for HIV Transmission in Europe
Authors: Milic Marija , Gazibara Tatjana , Dotlic Jelena , Katanic Natasa , Filimonovic Jelena , Mitic Katarina , Bakic Marijan , Galic Igor , Aksam Slavica , Kocijancic Belovic Dusica , Nyakundi Mokaya Melchizedek , Stevanovic Jasmina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
HIV testing in the Northern Kosovo province is challenging, because the infrastructure is being rebuilt after the ethnic conflict. The purpose of this research was to examine self-perceived risk for acquiring HIV infection and factors associated with risk assessment among university students.

Methods
Students completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic data, knowledge about HIV prevention and transmission, attitudes toward people living with (PLHIV) and self-perceived risk for HIV infection. The self-perceived risk was categorized as low, unknown and high.

Results
The majority of students (72.5%) assessed their risk as low, 8.5% assessed their risk as high and 19.1% did not know their risk. Compared to low self-perceived risk, high self-perceived HIV risk was associated with being male, having lower knowledge about HIV prevention, less strong Segregation and protection attitude toward PLHIV, stronger Ignorance and indifference attitude toward PLHIV and positive opinion about gays/lesbians. Students who perceived own risk for acquiring HIV as high had lower knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention. However, those who were previously tested for HIV, despite their poorer knowledge about HIV prevention, assess their HIV-related risk as low.

Conclusions
Students assessed their risk of HIV infection mostly as low. Still, lower knowledge of HIV prevention has been consistently associated with a high and unknown risk of HIV. Moreover, being ignorant and indifferent about PLHIV was associated with increased self-perceived HIV risk. These findings highlight the need for continuous specialized HIV-related education to reduce fear and stigma of PLHIV and HIV testing as well as risky behaviors.
A Lie Algebroid Structure for Vector Bundles of Finite Rank Isomorphic to Tangent Bundle of Their Base Space
Authors: Dehghan Nezhad Akbar , Moghaddam Zeabadi Mina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe define a Lie algebroid structure for a class of vector bundles of rank k over a k-dimensional smooth manifold W, which are isomorphic to the tangent bundle TW. We construct an exciting example of these types of vector bundles. This example is constructed based on partial Caputo fractional derivatives. We call this vector bundle a fractional vector bundle and denote it by $${\mathscr {F}}^{\nu } {\mathscr {W}}$$

F

ν

W

.
The comparison of total energy and protein intake relative to estimated requirements in chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Farkas Gary J. , Berg Arthur S. , Sneij Alicia , Dolbow David R. , Gorgey Ashraf S. , Gater David R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals experience dietary inadequacies complicated by an understudied research area. Our objectives were to assess (1) the agreement between methods of estimating energy requirement (EER) and estimated energy intake (EEI) and (2) whether dietary protein intake met SCI-specific protein guidelines. Persons with chronic SCI (n = 43) completed 3-day food records to assess EEI and dietary protein intake. EER was determined with the Long and Institute of Medicine (IOM) methods and the SCI-specific Farkas method. Protein requirements were calculated as 0·8–1·0 g/kg of body weight (BW)/d. Reporting accuracy and bias were calculated and correlated to body composition. Compared with IOM and Long methods (P < 0·05), the SCI-specific method did not overestimate the EEI (P = 0·200). Reporting accuracy and bias were best for SCI-specific (98·9 %, −1·12 %) compared with Long (94·8 %, −5·24 %) and IOM (64·1 %, −35·4 %) methods. BW (r = –0·403), BMI (r = –0·323) and total fat mass (r = –0·346) correlated with the IOM reporting bias (all, P < 0·05). BW correlated with the SCI-specific and Long reporting bias (r = –0·313, P = 0·041). Seven (16 %) participants met BW-specific protein guidelines. The regression of dietary protein intake on BW demonstrated no association between the variables (β = 0·067, P = 0·730). In contrast, for every 1 kg increase in BW, the delta between total and required protein intake decreased by 0·833 g (P = 0·0001). The SCI-specific method for EER had the best agreement with the EEI. Protein intake decreased with increasing BW, contrary to protein requirements for chronic SCI.
The impact of dairy matrix structure on postprandial lipid responses
Authors: Kjølbæk Louise , Raben Anne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis review presents evidence related to the postprandial responses after consumption of dairy products focusing on the effect of the dairy matrix and lipid response, which was also presented as part of a speech at the Nutrition Society Winter Conference, January 2023. The key findings are that the dairy product(s) that differentiate from others in the postprandial TAG response are products with a semi-solid structure. There were no differences in lipid responses between cheese and butter. The main factors viscosity, fat globule size and milk fat globule membrane do not seem to explain the effect of the dairy matrix in the acute postprandial response. In summary, it is very difficult to investigate the effects of the dairy matrix per see and with the few studies conducted to date, no clear cause and effect can be established. Future research should focus on the semi-solid dairy matrix, and studies investigating specifically the yoghurt matrix are warranted.
Topological relation expression and verification of symmetrical parallel mechanism based on the evolution of chemical molecule
Authors: He Litao , Fang Hairong , Zhang Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research of parallel mechanism (PM) configuration involves many problems. From topology to configuration, dimensional constraint, etc., how to establish the relationship between topology and configuration with effective methods is a long-term challenge for the configuration design. In this paper, the chemical molecular spatial structure (CMSS) is linked with the configuration of symmetrical parallel mechanism (SPM). Starting from the methane molecule (CH4), a spatial structural topological relation is obtained. Based on graph theory and the spatial structural topological relation, a new expression method with topological graph and its kinematic pair adjacency matrix for spatial SPM is proposed. Then, the expression and analysis for the characteristics of spatial SPM are obtained. Finally, by taking the 3-RPS PM and the 3-RRC PM as examples, the effectiveness and corresponding consistency of the proposed expression method are successfully verified. The proposed new expression method paves the way for the subsequent digital and automated design and analysis of the SPM configuration.
Free Speech Viet Nam through the War on Terror
Authors: MONTGOMERY WILLIAM G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the decades immediately following the Vietnam War, there were no significant conflicts with free speech resulting from major policy or military action. In contrast, the global war on terror following the events of September 11, 2001, mirror in many ways where prior conflicts and government action clashed with Free Speech. Forty-five days after the worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor, Congress enacted the USA PATRIOT Act. In the months and years that followed, American forces fought abroad and opponents of and advocates for the Act fought at home. This article will review the implementation of the Patriot Act and two provisions, section 215 and 805, to follow the actions of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal government and those of civil liberties advocacy groups to review America’s efforts to meet the challenges of providing security for the homeland and protecting Free Speech.
The Abuse of Civil Liberties in World War I
Authors: BAKER PAULA 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWartime pressures to protect national military and security interests inevitably create threats to civil liberties. This essay reviews the abuses of the period, carried on by public officials as well as citizens who saw themselves as acting on their behalf. There was a remarkable range of targets—with few spies to find, broadly defined disloyalty sufficed. The attempt to create a unified, loyal culture extended to wide areas of the culture, such as the teaching of history, aided by volunteers. The public and private efforts brought ruined reputations, imprisonments, public shaming, murders, and awful behavior on the part of courts and citizens. These were bad times for civil liberties. This essay reviews the history and explores the legacies.
Are predictions of bovine tuberculosis-infected herds unbiased and precise?
Authors: Hone Jim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is prevalent among livestock and wildlife in many countries including New Zealand (NZ), a country which aims to eradicate bTB by 2055. This study evaluates predictions related to the numbers of livestock herds with bTB in NZ from 2012 to 2021 inclusive using both statistical and mechanistic (causal) modelling. Additionally, this study made predictions for the numbers of infected herds between 2022 and 2059. This study introduces a new graphical method representing the causal criteria of strength of association, such as R2, and the consistency of predictions, such as mean squared error. Mechanistic modelling predictions were, on average, more frequently (3 of 4) unbiased than statistical modelling predictions (1 of 4). Additionally, power model predictions were, on average, more frequently (3 of 4) unbiased than exponential model predictions (1 of 4). The mechanistic power model, along with annual updating, had the highest R2 and the lowest mean squared error of predictions. It also exhibited the closest approximation to unbiased predictions. Notably, significantly biased predictions were all underestimates. Based on the mechanistic power model, the biological eradication of bTB from New Zealand is predicted to occur after 2055. Disease eradication planning will benefit from annual updating of future predictions.
Optimising motor development in the hospitalised infant with CHD: factors contributing to early motor challenges and recommendations for assessment and intervention
Authors: Rogers Stefanie C. , Malik Lauren , Fogel Jennifer , Hamilton Bridy , Huisenga Darlene , Lewis-Wolf Christina , Mieczkowski Dana , Peterson Jennifer K. , Russell Sarah , Schmelzer Anne C. , Smith Jodi , Butler Samantha C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:Neurodevelopmental challenges are the most prevalent comorbidity associated with a diagnosis of critical CHD, and there is a high incidence of gross and fine motor delays noted in early infancy. The frequency of motor delays in hospitalised infants with critical CHD requires close monitoring from developmental therapies (physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists) to optimise motor development. Currently, minimal literature defines developmental therapists’ role in caring for infants with critical CHD in intensive or acute care hospital units.Purpose:This article describes typical infant motor skill development, how the hospital environment and events surrounding early cardiac surgical interventions impact those skills, and how developmental therapists support motor skill acquisition in infants with critical CHD. Recommendations for healthcare professionals and those who provide medical or developmental support in promotion of optimal motor skill development in hospitalised infants with critical CHD are discussed.Conclusions:Infants with critical CHD requiring neonatal surgical intervention experience interrupted motor skill interactions and developmental trajectories. As part of the interdisciplinary team working in intensive and acute care settings, developmental therapists assess, guide motor intervention, promote optimal motor skill acquisition, and support the infant’s overall development.
Numerical Study of the Transport Process of Shallow Heat Carried by Turbidity Currents in Deep‐Sea Environments
Authors: Tian Hao , Ren Yupeng , Chen Zhiyuan , Tao Wei , Wu Hanru , Xu Guohui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTurbidity currents often originate from relatively high‐temperature water bodies near the coast of the upper continental shelf. Turbidity currents are the main carriers that transport land sediments to the deep sea. Their impact on heat exchange and material transport in the deep‐sea ecosystem is receiving more attention. However, presently, there are few studies on heat transport by turbidity currents. This article presents a coupled model of multiphase flow and heat transfer through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The effects of sediment particle size, density, and Froude number on the characteristics of turbidity current heat transfer are analyzed, and the heat flux carried by turbidity currents transporting upper‐layer heat into the deep sea is reproduced. The results indicate that turbidity currents are carriers of shallow heat into the deep sea. The temperature structure within turbidity currents follows a Gaussian function and can effectively preserve heat. The efficiency of the long‐distance transport of heat carried by turbidity currents is negatively correlated with sediment particle size and the velocity of turbidity currents, and positively correlated with sediment concentration. Turbidity current heat shock events in the future may have significant and far‐reaching impacts on deep‐sea ecosystems.
Impact of Air Refreshing and Cloud Ice Uptake Limitations on Vertical Profiles and Wet Depositions of Nitrate, Ammonium, and Sulfate
Authors: Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe impacts of cloud mixing and uptake on wet scavenging are not adequately resolved in global models which can lead to an overestimation of the removal of water‐soluble gases and aerosols from the atmosphere. To address this issue, we develop and implement novel parameterizations to consider the impacts of these processes. Our analysis of vertical profiles of nitric acid, inorganic nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate concentrations during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission periods indicates that air refreshing limitation has a significant impact above 800 hPa, while cloud ice uptake limitation plays an important role above 500 hPa. Incorporating these two processes resulted in a reduction of wet depositions of these species across source regions and a slight increase in their downwind regions. Wet depositions of nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate were reduced in source regions by 22.7%, 8.4%, and 8.3%, respectively and increased in downwind regions by 10.1%, 7.0%, and 4.3%, respectively.
Pore‐Scale Fluid Dynamics Resolved in Pressure Fluctuations at the Darcy Scale
Authors: Spurin Catherine , Roberts Gareth G. , O’Malley Conor P. B. , Kurotori Takeshi , Krevor Samuel , Blunt Martin J. , Tchelepi Hamdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComplex pore‐scale dynamics have been observed during multiphase flow through porous rocks. These dynamics are not incorporated in large scale models for the migration and trapping of subsurface fluids such as CO2 or hydrogen. We show that fluctuations in pressure measured at the core‐scale (centimeters) can reflect fluid displacements at the pore‐scale (millimeters). The spectral characteristics of pressure data are shown to depend on the flow dynamics, the size of the rock sample, and the heterogeneity of the pore space. These results show that pressure data, transformed into the time‐frequency domain using wavelets, provides information about flow dynamics, across scales, that are otherwise challenging to acquire.
Extraction of Mantle Discontinuities From Teleseismic Body‐Wave Microseisms
Authors: Kato S. , Nishida K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOcean swell activities excite body‐wave microseisms that contain information on the Earth's internal structure. Although seismic interferometry is feasible for exploring structures, it faces the problem of spurious phases stemming from an inhomogeneous source distribution. This paper proposes a new method for inferring seismic discontinuity structures beneath receivers using body‐wave microseisms. This method considers the excitation sources of body‐wave microseisms to be spatially localized and persistent over time. To detect the P‐s conversion beneath the receivers, we generalize the receiver function analysis for earthquakes to body‐wave microseisms. The resultant receiver functions are migrated to the depth section. The detected 410‐ and 660‐km mantle discontinuities are consistent with the results obtained using earthquakes, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of our method for exploring deep‐earth interiors. This study is a significant step toward body‐wave exploration considering the sources of P‐wave microseisms to be isolated events.
Distribution and Trend of Wind Power Input to Near‐Inertial Motions in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Qian Jiangchao , Zhai Xiaoming , Wang Zhaomin , Jochum Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWind power input to near‐inertial motions is an important energy source for generating diapycnal mixing in the ocean. However, the distribution and long‐term trend of this input over the Southern Ocean have yet to be quantified. In this study, we investigate the near‐inertial wind power input (WPIi) to the Southern Ocean using a global eddy‐permitting coupled ocean‐sea ice model forced by a high‐resolution atmospheric reanalysis product. Our results reveal a zonally asymmetric distribution of WPIi in the Southern Ocean, with the strongest input in the South Indian Ocean and the weakest in the South Pacific. The integrated WPIi between 30°S and 60°S exhibits a significant positive trend over the past four decades due to the intensification of mesoscale weather systems. The surface mixed‐layer depth is found to modulate the spatial pattern and trend of WPIi by altering the surface near‐inertial currents.