bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for the treatment of viral pneumonia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Wen , Sun Lianjie , Ren Junyi , Xu Ying , Zheng Yuanyi , Bai Wenkun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Viral pneumonia has always been a problem faced by clinicians because of its insidious onset, strong infectivity, and lack of effective drugs. Patients with advanced age or underlying diseases may experience more severe symptoms and are prone to severe ventilation dysfunction. Reducing pulmonary inflammation and improving clinical symptoms is the focus of current treatment. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can mitigate inflammation and inhibit edema formation. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic LIPUS in improving lung inflammation in hospitalized patients with viral pneumonia.

Methods
Sixty eligible participants with clinically confirmed viral pneumonia will be assigned to either (1) intervention group (LIPUS stimulus), (2) control group (null stimulus), or (3) self-control group (LIPUS stimulated areas versus non-stimulated areas). The primary outcome will be the difference in the extent of absorption and dissipation of lung inflammation on computed tomography. Secondary outcomes include changes in lung inflammation on ultrasonography images, pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, fingertip arterial oxygen saturation, serum inflammatory factor levels, the sputum excretion volume, time to the disappearance of pulmonary rales, pneumonia status score, and course of pneumonia. Adverse events will be recorded.

Discussion
This study is the first clinical study of the efficacy of therapeutic LIPUS in the treatment of viral pneumonia. Given that the current clinical recovery mainly depends on the body’s self-limiting and conventional symptomatic treatment, LIPUS, as a new therapy method, might be a major advance in the treatment of viral pneumonia.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2200059550 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, May 3, 2022.
Safety and efficacy in pediatric secondary intraocular lens implantation, in-the-bag versus sulcus implantation: a multicenter, single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zou Yingshi , Jin Ling , Qu Bo , Chen Hui , Zeng Mingbing , Li Xia , Liu Xinhua , Luo Lixia , Liu Zhenzhen , Liu Yizhi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Treatment of pediatric cataract remains challenging because of the extremely high incidence of postoperative adverse events (AEs), especially the AEs related to the locations of secondary implanted intraocular lens (IOL). There are two common locations for secondary IOL implantation in pediatric aphakic eyes: ciliary sulcus or in-the-bag implantation. However, there are currently no large, prospective studies comparing complication rates and visual prognosis of in-the-bag versus ciliarysulcus secondary IOL implantation in pediatric patients. Whether or how much secondary in-the-bag IOL implantation benefits the pediatric patients more than sulcus implantation and deserves to be performed routinely by surgeons remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe the protocol of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two approaches of IOL implantation in pediatric aphakia.

Methods
The study is a multicenter, single-blinded RCT with 10 years of follow-up. Overall, a minimum of 286 eyes (approximately 228 participants assuming 75% have two study eyes) will be recruited. This study will be carried out in four eye clinics across China. Consecutive eligible patients are randomized to undergo either secondary in-the-bag IOL implantation or secondary sulcus IOL implantation. Participants with two eyes eligible will receive the same treatment. The primary outcomes are IOL decentration and the incidence of glaucoma-related AEs. The secondary outcomes include the incidence of other AEs, IOL tilt, visual acuity, and ocular refractive power. Analysis of the primary and secondary outcomes is to be based on the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Statistical analyses will include the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for the primary outcome, mixed model and generalized estimated equation (GEE) model for the secondary outcome, Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the cumulative probability of glaucoma-related AEs over time in each group.

Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first RCT to evaluate the safety and efficacy of secondary IOL implantation in pediatric aphakia. The results will provide high-quality evidence for the clinical guidelines for the treatment of pediatric aphakia.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05136950. Registered on 1 November 2021.
Management of preexisting pelvic organ prolapse in pregnancy complicated with preterm premature rupture of membrane: a case report
Authors: Arusi Muhudin , Abdulhakim Elham , Awol Yasin , Mosa Hassen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy management is difficult when pelvic organ prolapse already exists. During pregnancy, childbirth, and the days following, clinicians may come across situations that present management dilemmas. Here, we present conservative management of preexisting pelvic organ prolapse in pregnancy complicated with preterm premature rupture of membrane up to term.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old Ethiopian woman, gravida V, para IV, visited our emergency obstetrics and gynecology department at 32 weeks and 1 day of pregnancy in a prolapsed uterus on the 4th of April 2022. She was referred from primary hospital as a case of preterm pregnancy, pelvic organ prolapse, and preterm premature rupture of membrane after she presented with complaints of passage of clear liquor of 10 hours duration. She was successfully managed conservatively without application of pessary until she gave birth to a 3200 g healthy male neonate by elective cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestational age. At the same operation, cesarean hysterectomy was done.

Conclusion
Women with preexisting pelvic organ prolapse complicated by premature rupture of membrane during the third trimester of pregnancy can be treated without the use of a pessary. Our case shows the importance of conservative management, which includes strict antenatal follow-ups, lifestyle modifications, and manual uterine reduction. Due to potential intrapartum problems from induction of labor with the occurrence of severe pelvic organ prolapse, we recommend cesarean delivery. However, to determine the optimal mode of delivery, additional comprehensive study with a large sample size is vital. If definitive management is warranted after delivery, we need to take a consideration of the status of prolapse, patient’s choice, and family size.
Analysis of white-light imaging-based features predictive for determination of lesion depths of superficial flat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter study from China
Authors: Wang Bin , Feng Yadong , Song Jie , Ma Jifeng , Liang Yan , Li Mengjie , Wang Xiaofen , Cheng Cui-e , Shi Ruihua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Endoscopic diagnosis of invasion depth of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) by white-light imaging (WLI) modality remains difficult. This study aims to clarify WLI-based features which are predictive for invasion depth of SESCC.

Methods
A two-phase study was performed by enrolling 1288 patients with 1396 SESCC lesions. Endoscopic appearances, clinical characteristics and post-operative pathological outcomes were collected and reviewed. The association between lesion features and invasion depth were analyzed. A predictive nomogram was constructed for prediction of invasion depth.

Results
Among 1396 lesions in derivation and validation cohort, 1139 (81.6%), 194 (13.9%) and 63 (4.5%) lesions were diagnosed as lesions confined into the intraepithelium or the lamina propria mucosa (T1a-EP/LPM), lesions invading the muscularis mucosa (T1a-MM) or superficial submucosa (T1b-SM1) and tumor with moderate invasion into the submucosa or deeper submucosal invasion (≥ T1b-SM2), respectively. Lesion length > 2 cm (p < 0.001), wider circumferential extension (p < 0.001, 0.002 and 0.048 for > 3/4, 1/2–3/4 and 1/4–1/2 circumferential extension, respectively), surface unevenness (p < 0.001 for both type 0-IIa/0-IIc lesions and mixed type lesions), spontaneous bleeding (p < 0.001), granularity (p < 0.001) and nodules (p < 0.001) were identified as significant factors predictive for lesion depth. A nomogram based on these factors was constructed and the values of area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve were 0.89 and 0.90 in the internal and external patient cohort.

Conclusions
Our study provides six WLI-based morphological features predicting for lesion depth of SESCC. Our findings will make endoscopic evaluation of invasion depth for SESCC more convenient by assessing these profiles.
Molecular correlation of response to pyrotinib in advanced NSCLC with HER2 mutation: biomarker analysis from two phase II trials
Authors: Mao Shiqi , Yang Shuo , Liu Xinyu , Li Xingya , Wang Qiming , Zhang Yiping , Chen Jianhua , Wang Yan , Gao Guanghui , Wu Fengying , Jiang Tao , Zhang Jiao , Yang Ying , Lin Xiang , Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhou Caicun , Ren Shengxiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with HER2 mutation has entered into the era of targeted therapy. However, both anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) showed moderate objective response rate (ORR) and median progression-free survival (PFS). The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular features of responders to pyrotinib in advanced NSCLC with HER2 mutation.

Methods
Patients from our two previous phase II trials were pooled analyzed. Their circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, and the correlation with the efficacy of pyrotinib was investigated.

Results
This pooled analysis included 75 patients, and 50 of them with baseline plasma samples were finally enrolled with a median age of 57 years old. The overall ORR and median PFS were 28% and 7.0 months respectively. Biomarker analysis showed that 5 patients were ctDNA nonshedding. Patients with TP53 wild type were significantly associated with higher disease control rate (97.1%vs. 68.8%, p = 0.010), PFS (median 8.4 vs. 2.8 months, p = 0.001) and overall survival (OS, median 26.7 vs. 10.4 months, p < 0.001) than those with mutations. ctDNA of nonshedding and clearance exhibited significantly longer PFS (median: 10.2 vs. 9.8 vs. 5.6 months, p = 0.036) and a trend of longer OS (median: 35.3 vs. 18.1 vs. 14.6 months, p = 0.357) than those not.

Conclusion
Patients with TP53 wild type, ctDNA nonshedding, or clearance showed superior efficacy of pyrotinib in patients with HER2-mutated advanced NSCLC, which might be helpful to guide the utility of pyrotinib in clinical setting.
Trial registration: The patients were from two registered clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02535507, NCT02834936).
Response of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxin
Authors: Likhitha P. , Undirwade D. B. , Kulkarni U. S. , Kolhe A. V. , Moharil M. P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
During field surveillance in Gujarat, India, in 2009, scientists found that pink bollworm was surviving in the first generation of Bollgard cotton, which contains a single protein. This survival was observed in four districts of Gujarat. From 2012 to 2014, surveys revealed that pink bollworm larvae had higher survival rates on Bollgard II cotton in Amreli and Bhavnagar districts. In 2016, a pink bollworm outbreak in Maharashtra caused significant losses in cotton production, leading to damage, yield losses, and increased management costs in several regions. The objective of the present study was to determine the reaction of Pectinophora gossypiella to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins.

Results
Neonates of P. gossypiella collected from six distinct locations in Vidarbha were subjected to seven different concentrations of Cry1Ac. The highest LC50 value was recorded in the population collection of Yavatmal (1.362 μg/ml diet) but the lowest LC50 value of 0.600 μg/ml diet in Buldana population. The highest MIC50 value was recorded in the population collected from Yavatmal (0.743 μg/ml diet) and the lowest MIC50 value of 0.413 μg/ml diet in the Buldana population (0.431 μg/ml diet). The highest IC50 value was recorded in the population collected from Yavatmal (0.303 μg/ml diet) but the lowest IC50 value of 0.127 μg/ml diet in the Buldana population. Neonates of P. gossypiella collected from six different locations in Vidarbha were exposed to seven different concentrations (9.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.333, 0.111, 0.037 and 0.012 for Cry1Ac and 27.0, 9.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.333, 0.111 and 0.037 μg/ml for Cry2Ab) which revealed that the Yavatmal population had the highest LC50 value of 94.294 μg/ml diet and the lowest LC50 value was recorded in the Amravati population (42.144 μg/ml diet). The highest MIC50 value of 27.258 μg/ml diet was recorded in Buldana population, but the lowest MIC50 value was recorded in the Amravati population (12.881 μg/ml diet). The highest IC50 value of 3.209 μg/ml diet was observed in Yavatmal population, and the lowest one was recorded in the Amravati population (1.574 μg/ml diet).

Conclusions
According to the LC50 values, all of the P. gossypiella populations in Vidarbha were extremely insensitive and had field-evolved resistance to the Bt proteins found in the transgenic cotton varieties of Bollgard II.
The Desert Whale: the boom and bust of hemp in Arizona
Authors: Stats Anastasia K. , Sweat Ken G. , Masson Robert N. , Conrow Kendra D. , Frazier Amy E. , Leung Maxwell C. K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
This paper examines the factors that led to the collapse of hemp grown for cannabidiol (CBD) in Arizona, the United States of America (USA), and particularly in Yuma County, which is a well-established agricultural area in the state.

Methods
This research uses a combination of mapping analysis along with a survey of hemp farmers to assess the reasons why the hemp industry collapsed as well as to foster solutions to these problems.

Results
In 2019, 5430 acres were sown with hemp seed in Arizona with 3890 acres inspected by the state to determine if they could be harvested. By 2021, there were only 156 acres planted, and only 128 of those acres were inspected by the state for compliance. (Crop mortality accounts for the difference between acres sown and acres inspected.)

Conclusions
A lack of knowledge about the hemp life cycle greatly contributed to the failure of high CBD hemp crops in Arizona. Other problems included noncompliance with tetrahydrocannabinol limits, poor sources for seeds and inconsistent genetics of the hemp varieties sold to farmers, and diseases that hemp plants were susceptible to such as Pythium crown and root rot and beet curly top virus. Addressing these factors will go far in making hemp a profitable and widespread crop in Arizona. Additionally, hemp grown for other traditional uses (e.g., fiber or seed oil) as well as new applications (e.g., microgreens, hempcrete, and phytoremediation) offers other pathways for successful hemp agriculture in this state.
Precise isolation of high-quality RNA from leaves and storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for gene expression studies
Authors: Reuben-Kalu Jane Ijeoma , Eswaran Kokiladevi , Muthurajan Raveendran , Doraiswamy Uma , Venkatasamy Balasubramani , Shanmugam Kavitha Periannagounder 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The isolation of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) from leaves and storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a challenging one, due to the presence of large amounts of polyphenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and tuber proteins. RNA with high quality and intact integrity is vital for gene expression studies. We hereby report a precise, reproducible, and less cumbersome technique for isolating high-quality RNA from leaves and storage roots of cassava with minimal contamination from polyphenols, polysaccharides, and other secondary metabolites, using affordable reagents. This protocol functions without guanidinium salts in the extraction buffer. The presence of guanidinium salts usually leads to the formation of agglomerates during the extraction of RNA from plant tissues with high starch contents.

Results
The isolated RNA from leaves and storage roots of the ten cassava genotypes yielded between 1576.1 and 2861.9 µg/ml for RNA isolated from the leaf tissues and 2761.2–3873.5 µg/ml for RNA isolated from the storage roots. The A260:A280 ratios of the total RNA were more than 2.0 for both leaf and storage root samples, indicating minimal contamination from polysaccharides and polyphenols. The RNA samples recorded intact integrity, as demonstrated by clear 28 S and 18 S rRNA bands observed on agarose gel electrophoresis. The RNA integrity number (RIN) values ranged between 7.2 and 8.0. Also, the RNA samples were successfully used for transcriptome sequencing.

Conclusion
The present method which yielded high-quality and transcriptionally competent RNA samples is suitable for use in gene expression studies and downstream applications in the molecular breeding of cassava and related root/tuber crops.
Predisposing factors for Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Abelleyra Lastoria Diego Agustín , Benny Clerin Kulangara , Hing Caroline Blanca 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome has been defined as impingement of Hoffa’s fat pad, leading to oedema and fibrosis. The primary aim of this systematic review was to identify morphological differences in Hoffa’s fat pad between patients with and without Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome, evaluating them as risk factors predisposing to its development. The secondary aim was to summarize and evaluate current evidence pertaining to the management of Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome.

Materials and Methods
The protocol for this review was prospectively registered (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022357036). Electronic databases, currently registered studies, conference proceedings and the reference lists of included studies were searched. All studies evaluating differences in Hoffa’s fat pad anatomy under imaging between patients with and without Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome were included, as well as those exploring epidemiological factors predisposing to its development (ethnicity, employment status, sex, age and BMI), and studies reporting on the effect of treatment on Hoffa’s fat pad morphology.

Results
A total of 3871 records were screened. Twenty one articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, evaluating 3603 knees of 3518 patients. Patella alta, increased tibial tubercle-tibial groove distance, and increased trochlear angle were found to predispose the development of Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome. Trochlear inclination, sulcus angle, patient age and BMI were not associated with this condition. The link between Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome and ethnicity, employment, patellar alignment, Hoffa’s fat pad composition, physical activity and other pathological processes cannot be established due to lack of evidence. No studies reporting on treatment for Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome were identified. Though weight loss and gene therapy may provide symptomatic relief, further research is required to corroborate these claims.

Conclusion
Current evidence suggests that high patellar height, TT-TG distance, and trochlear angle predispose the development of Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome. In addition, trochlear inclination, sulcus angle, patient age and BMI do not seem to be associated with this condition. Further research should explore the link between Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome and sport as well as other conditions pertaining to the knee. In addition, further study evaluating treatment approaches for Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome is required.
3D inversion of an integrated ground-based and waterborne transient electromagnetic survey
Authors: Xiao Longying , Fiandaca Gianluca , Maurya Pradip K. , Christiansen Anders Vest 
Published: June 2023

Recent instrument advancements in the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method enable waterborne applications as well as traditional ground-based surveys. We investigate a common framework to handle combined data sets from ground-based and waterborne TEM surveys under one model domain. The modeling complexity increases for two main reasons: (1) multidimensionality effects are unavoidable in data from settings with strong conductivity contrasts and (2) different systems have different sensitivity footprints which are challenging to integrate into a common domain. We address these challenges using a previously developed 3D inversion scheme: first, octree-based forward modeling is used to describe the multidimensional environment for more accurate field simulations. Second, a decoupling between the forward and inversion mesh offers the flexibility of modeling individual soundings to minimize computational costs, while allowing a commonly shared model domain for the inversion. We validate the method through synthetic and field case studies. The synthetic studies indicate that: (1) a careful forward mesh refinement is required for models with thin and highly conductive top layers; (2) compared with 3D forward responses, 1D modeling has an approximate 300% error directly over the coastline decreasing to 10% error 50 m away; and (3) the 3D inversion outperforms the 1D inversion by a lower data misfit and more accurate model reconstruction. The field case further underlines the better consistency of the 3D inversion, which delineates the lithologic transition from sand to clay and is verified by a better agreement with existing borehole data. Based on these experiments, we conclude that (1) 3D inversion is preferred over strong resistivity contrasts arising along a coastline, (2) careful mesh refinement and decoupling of the forward and inversion mesh is an efficient approach to handling computational challenges on forward while maintaining a common inversion mesh, and (3) more focus on optimization is required to realize a full-scale 3D inversion for integrated surveys in a coastal area.