bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brightness illusions evoke pupil constriction preceded by a primary visual cortex response in rats
Authors: Vasilev Dmitrii , Raposo Isabel , Totah Nelson K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The mind affects the body via central nervous system (CNS) control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In humans, one striking illustration of the “mind–body” connection is that illusions, subjectively perceived as bright, drive pupil constriction. The CNS network driving this pupil response is unknown and requires an animal model for investigation. However, the pupil response to this illusion has long been thought to occur only in humans. Here, we report that the same brightness illusion that evokes pupil constriction in humans also does so in rats. We surveyed the role of most of rat cortex in this “mind–body” connection by recording cortex-wide EEG. These recordings revealed that, compared to a luminance-matched control stimulus, the illusion of brightness for a specific stimulus color and size, evoked a larger response in primary visual cortex (V1) and not in secondary visual, parietal, or frontal cortex. The response preceded pupil constriction suggesting a potential causal role of V1 on the pupil. Our results provide evidence that this “mind–body” connection is not confined to humans and that V1 may be part of a mammalian CNS network for bodily reactions to illusions.
Spikiness and animacy as potential organizing principles of human ventral visual cortex
Authors: Coggan David D , Tong Frank 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Considerable research has been devoted to understanding the fundamental organizing principles of the ventral visual pathway. A recent study revealed a series of 3–4 topographical maps arranged along the macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex. The maps articulated a two-dimensional space based on the spikiness and animacy of visual objects, with “inanimate-spiky” and “inanimate-stubby” regions of the maps constituting two previously unidentified cortical networks. The goal of our study was to determine whether a similar functional organization might exist in human IT. To address this question, we presented the same object stimuli and images from “classic” object categories (bodies, faces, houses) to humans while recording fMRI activity at 7 Tesla. Contrasts designed to reveal the spikiness-animacy object space evoked extensive significant activation across human IT. However, unlike the macaque, we did not observe a clear sequence of complete maps, and selectivity for the spikiness-animacy space was deeply and mutually entangled with category-selectivity. Instead, we observed multiple new stimulus preferences in category-selective regions, including functional sub-structure related to object spikiness in scene-selective cortex. Taken together, these findings highlight spikiness as a promising organizing principle of human IT and provide new insights into the role of category-selective regions in visual object processing.
Electrogustometry: validation of bipolar electrode stimulation
Authors: Matsuda Toshi , Mysore Ganesh Pavana , Brown Robert , Grosso Vince , Doty Richard L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrogustometry (EGM) is a practical way to test taste. It is typically performed using unipolar electrodes, with the anode on the tongue and the cathode on the hand, forearm, or neck. This results in electric current passing through nontaste tissues and adds a level of impracticality to its clinical application. We compared, using a repeated measures counterbalanced design, anodal thresholds from a unipolar electrode to those of a unique bipolar electrode in which the anode and cathode are contiguously located. Both sides of the anterior tongue were assessed in 70 subjects, as were the effects of age and sex. Nonparametric analyses were performed. The median threshold of the bipolar electrode’s central disk (2.49 µA) did not differ from that of the unipolar electrode (2.96 µA) (P = 0.84). On average, older persons exhibited higher thresholds. No significant sex or tongue side effects were evident. Interestingly, when the annular (donut-shaped) bipolar electrode served as the anode, the threshold was higher than that of the other electrodes (5.19 µA; Ps &lt; 0.001). This conceivably reflected lessened summation of activity among adjacent afferents and partial sampling of tongue regions with fewer taste buds. Correlations among all EGM thresholds were nominally higher for women than for men, ranging from 0.83 to 0.85 for women and 0.54 to 0.67 for men; all Ps &lt; 0.001. This study validates the use of a bipolar electrode for assessing taste function, averting movement of current through nontaste-related tissues and making such testing safer and more practical.
Associations between new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation and long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Rezk Mary , Taha Amar , Nielsen Susanne J , Martinsson Andreas , Bergfeldt Lennart , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Franzén Stefan , Jeppsson Anders 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Data on prognostic implications of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is limited. We sought to explore associations between POAF, early initiated oral anticoagulation (OAC) and long-term outcome after SAVR and combined SAVR + coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

METHODS
This is a retrospective, population-based study including all isolated SAVR (n = 7038) and combined SAVR and CABG patients (n = 3854) without a history of preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in Sweden 2007–2017. Individual patient data were merged from 4 nationwide registries. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted Cox regression models were employed separately in SAVR and SAVR + CABG patients. The median follow-up time was 4.7 years (range 0–10 years).

RESULTS
POAF occurred in 44.5% and 50.7% of SAVR and SAVR + CABG patients, respectively. In SAVR patients, POAF was associated with increased long-term risk of death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.21 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.37)], ischaemic stroke [aHR 1.32 (1.08–1.59)], any thromboembolism, heart failure hospitalization and recurrent AF. In SAVR + CABG, POAF was associated with death [aHR 1.31 (1.14–1.51)], recurrent AF and heart failure, but not with ischaemic stroke [aHR 1.04 (0.84–1.29)] or thromboembolism. OAC was dispensed within 30 days after discharge to 67.0% and 65.9%, respectively, of SAVR and SAVR + CABG patients with POAF. Early initiated OAC was not associated with reduced risk of death, ischaemic stroke or thromboembolism in any group of patients.

CONCLUSIONS
POAF after SAVR is associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and morbidity. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of OAC in SAVR patients with POAF.
Impacts of magnetic permeability on electromagnetic data collected in settings with steel-cased wells
Authors: Heagy Lindsey J , Oldenburg Douglas W 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARY
Electromagnetic methods are increasingly being applied in settings with steel infrastructure. These include applications such as monitoring of CO2 sequestration or even assessing the integrity of a wellbore. In this paper, we examine the impacts of the magnetic permeability of a steel-cased well on electromagnetic responses in grounded source experiments. We consider a vertical wellbore and simulate time and frequency domain data on 3-D cylindrical meshes. Permeability slows the decay of surface electric fields in the time domain and contributes to a phase shift in the frequency domain. We develop our understanding of how permeability alters currents within, and external to, the casing by focussing first on the time domain response and translating insights to the frequency domain. Following others, we rewrite Maxwell’s equations to separate the response into terms that describe the magnetization and induction effects. Magnetic permeability impacts the responses in two ways: (1) it enhances the inductive component of the response in the casing and (2) it creates a magnetization current on the outer wall of the casing. The interaction of these two effects results in a poloidal current system within the casing. It also generates anomalous currents external to the casing that can alter the geometry and magnitude of currents in the surrounding geological formation. This has the potential to be advantageous for enhancing responses in monitoring applications.
Joint inversion of centroid moment tensor for large earthquakes by combining teleseismicP-wave andW-phase records
Authors: Xu Beibei , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYCentroid moment tensor inversion involves the determinations of the moment tensor solution, which is usually done with low-frequency signals to meet the requirement of the point-source approximation, and the moment centroid, which requires high-frequency signals to improve the resolution. Traditional centroid moment tensor inversion techniques, such as the W-phase inversion, mainly use low-frequency data to estimate the magnitude and fault parameters, which limits the resolution of the moment centroid. In this study, we combine the P wave and W phase to constrain both the moment tensor and moment centroid. The rupture directivity is considered in the P-wave inversion, and the rupture velocity is resolved by inverting the P wave solely. The moment centroid is estimated by the rupture velocity from the P-wave inversion and the grid search in the W-phase inversion. The final moment tensor solution is determined based on the moment centroid by jointly inverting both P-wave and W-phase data. The resulting centroid moment tensor solution can fit a broad frequency band (0.001–0.1 Hz) of waveforms. Through synthetic inversion tests and applications to several large earthquakes, we demonstrate that the magnitudes and fault parameters from our joint inversion are more stable than the P-wave inversion, and the moment centroids, especially the centroid depths, seem more reasonable than those from the W-phase inversion.
Capturing seismic velocity changes in receiver functions with optimal transport
Authors: Bryan Jared , Frank William B , Audet Pascal 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARY
Temporal changes in seismic velocities are an important tool for tracking structural changes within the crust during transient deformation. Although many geophysical processes span the crust, including volcanic unrest and large-magnitude earthquakes, existing methods for seismic monitoring are limited to the shallow subsurface. We present an approach for deep seismic monitoring based on teleseismic receiver functions, which illuminate the crustal velocity structure from the bottom-up. Using synthetic waveform modelling, we show that receiver functions are uniformly sensitive to velocity changes throughout the crust and can locate the depth of the perturbation. We introduce a novel method based on optimal transport for measuring the non-linear time–amplitude signal variations characteristic of receiver function monitoring. We show that optimal transport enables comparison of full waveform distributions rather than relying on representative stacked waveforms. We further study a linearized version of optimal transport that renders time-warping signal variations into simple Euclidean perturbations, and use this capability to perform blind source separation in the space of waveform variations. This disentangles the effects of changes in the source–receiver path from changes in subsurface velocities. Collectively, these methods extend the reach of seismic monitoring to deep geophysical processes, and provide a tool that can be used to study heterogeneous velocity changes with different spatial extents and temporal dynamics.
First Nations music as a determinant of health in Australia and Vanuatu: political and economic determinants
Authors: Sunderland Naomi , Graham Phil , Bartleet Brydie-Leigh , Garvey Darren , Bracknell Clint , Apps Kristy , Barry Glenn , Cooper Rae , Scarfe Brigitta , Vervoort Stacey 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis article reports on findings that indicate how First Nations musical activities function as cultural determinants of health. Drawing on early findings from a 3-year Australian Research Council funded project titled The Remedy Project: First Nations Music as a Determinant of Health, we detail Australian and Ni Vanuatu First Nations musicians’ reported outcomes of musical activity using a First Nations cultural determinants of health framework. The broader findings indicate that our respondents see musical activity as actively shaping all known domains of cultural health determinants, and some surrounding political and social determinants. However, this paper focusses specifically on the political and economic determinants that emerged in analysis as the most dominant subthemes. We argue that this study provides strong impetus for continued investigation and reconceptualization of the place of music in cultural health determinant models.
Active Sensing in Bees Through Antennal Movements Is Independent of Odor Molecule
Authors: Claverie Nicolas , Buvat Pierrick , Casas Jérôme 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
When sampling odors, many insects are moving their antennae in a complex but repeatable fashion. Previous studies with bees have tracked antennal movements in only two dimensions, with a low sampling rate and with relatively few odorants. A detailed characterization of the multimodal antennal movement patterns as function of olfactory stimuli is thus wanted. The aim of this study is to test for a relationship between the scanning movements and the properties of the odor molecule.
We tracked several key locations on the antennae of bumblebees at high frequency and in three dimensions while stimulating the insect with puffs of 11 common odorants released in a low-speed continuous flow. Water and paraffin were used as negative controls. Movement analysis was done with the neural network Deeplabcut.
Bees use a stereotypical oscillating motion of their antennae when smelling odors, similar across all bees, independently of the identity of the odors and hence their diffusivity and vapor pressure. The variability in the movement amplitude among odors is as large as between individuals. The main type of oscillation at low frequencies and large amplitude is triggered by the presence of an odor and is in line with previous work, as is the speed of movement. The second oscillation mode at higher frequencies and smaller amplitudes is constantly present. Antennae are quickly deployed when a stimulus is perceived, decorrelate their movement trajectories rapidly, and oscillate vertically with a large amplitude and laterally with a smaller one. The cone of airspace thus sampled was identified through the 3D understanding of the motion patterns.
The amplitude and speed of antennal scanning movements seem to be function of the internal state of the animal, rather than determined by the odorant. Still, bees display an active olfactory sampling strategy. First, they deploy their antennae when perceiving an odor. Second, fast vertical scanning movements further increase the odorant capture rate. Finally, lateral movements might enhance the likelihood to locate the source of odor, similarly to the lateral scanning movement of insects at odor plume boundaries.
Mitoquinone Mesylate and Mitochondrial DNA in End Organs in Humanized Mouse Model of Chronic Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Song Sihyeong , Satta Sandro , Sharma Madhav B , Hugo Cristelle , Kossyvakis Athanassios , Sen Roy Shubhendu , Kelesidis Theodoros 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
No treatment exists for mitochondrial dysfunction, a contributor to end-organ disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical mouse models of various diseases but has not been used in HIV. We used a humanized murine model of chronic HIV infection and polymerase chain reaction to show that HIV-1–infected mice treated with antiretroviral therapy and MitoQ for 90 days had higher ratios of human and murine mitochondrial to nuclear DNA in end organs compared with HIV-1–infected mice on antiretroviral therapy. We offer translational evidence of MitoQ as treatment for mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV.
Neither the African-Centric S47 Nor P72 Variant of TP53 Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Febrile Malaria in a Malian Cohort Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Jyoti , Upadhye Aditi , Gaskin Erik L , Doumbo Safiatou , Kayentao Kassoum , Ongoiba Aissata , Traore Boubacar , Crompton Peter D , Tran Tuan M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
TP53 has been shown to play a role in inflammatory processes, including malaria. We previously found that p53 attenuates parasite-induced inflammation and predicts clinical protection to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Malian children. Here, we investigated whether p53 codon 47 and 72 polymorphisms are associated with differential risk of P. falciparum infection and uncomplicated malaria in a prospective cohort study of malaria immunity.

Methods
p53 codon 47 and 72 polymorphisms were determined by sequencing TP53 exon 4 in 631 Malian children and adults enrolled in the Kalifabougou cohort study. The effects of these polymorphisms on the prospective risk of febrile malaria, incident parasitemia, and time to fever after incident parasitemia over 6 months of intense malaria transmission were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Confounders of malaria risk, including age and hemoglobin S or C, were similar between individuals with or without p53 S47 and R72 polymorphisms. Relative to their respective common variants, neither S47 nor R72 was associated with differences in prospective risk of febrile malaria, incident parasitemia, or febrile malaria after parasitemia.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that p53 codon 47 and 72 polymorphisms are not associated with protection against incident P. falciparum parasitemia or uncomplicated febrile malaria.
Exploring the well-being of people affected by skin NTDs in Kaduna and Kwara States, Nigeria: a photovoice and scoping review study
Authors: Adekeye Oluwatosin , Chowdhury Shahreen , McRae Ayuba , Olorunfemi Temitope , Ozokede Edward , Dubukumah Linda , Makinde Oluwabunmi , Ewemade Jude , Abdulkadir Shuaibu , Ayuba Rebecca , Habibat Suleiman , Gurma Matthew , Thomson Rachael , Isiyaku Sunday , Dean Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeople affected by skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) grapple with both physical and emotional reactions that compromise their health and well-being. Multiple studies with people affected by skin NTDs have shown high levels of poor mental well-being using self-report questionnaires or psychological measures. However, few have provided in-depth documentation of lived experiences from the perspective of affected persons and there is limited consideration of how their viewpoints can be used to shape intervention design. This article draws together findings from an international scoping review and a photovoice study conducted in Kaduna and Kwara States, Nigeria. Our combined analysis, which situates the lived realities of people affected by skin NTDs within the existing evidence base, was used to inform the design of a subsequent well-being intervention. Using Meyer's (2003) minority stress model, we have illustrated that there is a synergistic relationship between mental health, chronic morbidity and disability from skin NTDs. This relationship results from a complex interplay of factors including pain and discomfort and a reduced ability to function and participate in areas such as livelihoods, food provision and education. Stigma and discrimination act as a catalyst for these functional limitations and participation restrictions, resulting in feelings of being useless, broken, shame and sadness. The critical role of participatory methods in our study emphasises how people affected by skin NTDs have multiple coping mechanisms that can be galvanised in the provision of holistic NTD care. We recommend that NTD programmes should strengthen relationships with affected persons to identify pre-existing support platforms that can be used to support the emotional and physical health and well-being of affected persons. Working with affected persons and community actors to strengthen necessary intersectoral approaches is a first step in designing and delivering such holistic care.
Do Different Coercive Strategies Help or Hurt Deterrence?
Authors: Joseph Michael F 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPowerful states build different coercive tools to manage their broad foreign policy agenda. Do different coercive strategies help or hurt deterrence success? I analyze a simple crisis model where the Defender seeks to deter a Challenger from investing in a novel coercive technology through hassling and preventive threats. Subtle differences between my model and those of Schram, Bas and Coe, and others generate different logics that clarify the Defender’s costs and benefits for building diverse coercive tools. Unlike others, I show that hassling can complement and undercut the threat of war in a one-shot, complete information crisis. I show that adverse effects arise when we want deterrence to hold the most: against technologically sophisticated rivals with moderately to severely opposed preferences. After I detail my model, I connect different core specifications to different empirical domains. This exercise helps connect formal theory to empirical research. I argue that my model best fits Defenders who want to deter Challengers from building novel coercive technologies in the modern era. I propose a novel approach for modeling policy implications.
The Problem with Trade Measurement in International Relations
Authors: Linsi Lukas , Burgoon Brian , Mügge Daniel K 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrade statistics are widely used in studies and policymaking focused on economic interdependence. Yet, researchers in International Relations (IR) have largely disregarded half the data available to study trade. Bilateral trade flows are usually recorded twice: by the sending economy as an export and by the receiving one as an import. These two values should match, but discrepancies between them tend to be large and pervasive. Most studies ignore this issue, which we label the “mirror problem” for short, by using only one entry. However, it is not self-evident which one is consistently most accurate. Hence, IR's reliance on error-prone trade statistics may be distorting its study of economic interdependence. This article explores this problem in three steps: first, we quantify the mirror problem in trade data. Second, we investigate the origins of the mirror problem, using statistical analyses, archival records, and interviews with statistical experts. Third, we illustrate the implications of the mirror problem through replications covering diverse topics in IR. We find that accounting for the mirror problem can variably strengthen, undermine, or overturn conclusions of such analyses. The findings underscore the severity of measurement problems in IR and suggest particular ways to address those problems.