bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Lumbar Lordotic and Lumbosacral Angles in Normal Adults Ghanaian Population Using Radiologic Imaging Technique
Authors: Issahaku Shirazu , Sackey Eric , Tiburu Elvis. K. , Sackey Theophilus. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Changes in posture is among the risk factors of low back pain. The shape of the lumbar spine is influenced in a way by a strain on tendons and muscles because of abnormal posture. Little is known about what the nominal value of key radiologic angles for the Ghanaian populace is and accordingly, what comprises hypo-/hyper-lordosis. The Lumbar Lordotic Angle (LSA) and Lumbosacral Angle (LSA) are potential angles, for the examination of low back issues, in addition to treatment and diagnosis. The study was intended to measure LLA and LSA of this populace using the local data. A retrospective methodology was adopted to gather typical laterally prostrate lumbosacral radiographs of 140 subjects (15 years or more) in a recumbent position.
Results:
The normal LLA values varied between 20.90 to 68.00 with the mean (standard deviation) of 35.9 (9.82)° and there exist a significant difference with sex but insignificant variations among the age categories comparable to a number of the literature values. The normal LSA values varied between 15.00 and 51.00 with the mean (standard deviation) of 34.3 (7.45) ° and there was no significant variation with sex and among the age categories.
Conclusion:
Furthermore, it has been established that the measured values at which to consider hypolordosis (below LLA=17.9°; LSA=12.00), and hyper-lordosis (above LLA=72.0°; LSA=55.00) in the Ghana population. This study have also established that in all the various age groups between 15 and 80 years, there exist no significant difference in the mean LLA and LSA among the groups, and this affirms that the development of lumbar lordosis reaches a plateau when spine is fully developed. Furthermore, female LSA and LLA shows higher measured values compared to their male counterpart in the Ghanaian population which confirmed other study values in literature. Finally, a reference chart of LSA and LLA has also been developed for clinical application in Ghana.
Isolation may select for earlier and higher peak viral load but shorter duration in SARS-CoV-2 evolution
Authors: Sunagawa Junya , Kim Kwang Su , Park Hyeongki , Komorizono Ryo , Cho Sooyoun , Torres Lucia Ramirez , Woo Joohyeon , Jeong Yong Dam , Hart William , Thompson Robin , Aihara Kazuyuki , Iwami Shingo , Yamaguchi Ryo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, human behavior change as a result of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as isolation may have induced directional selection for viral evolution. By combining previously published empirical clinical data analysis and multi-level mathematical modeling, we found that the SARS-CoV-2 variants selected for as the virus evolved from the pre-Alpha to the Delta variant had earlier and higher infectious periods but a shorter duration of infection. Selection for increased transmissibility shapes the viral load dynamics, and the isolation measure is likely to be a driver of these evolutionary transitions. In addition, we showed that a decreased incubation period and an increased proportion of asymptomatic infection were also positively selected for as SARS-CoV-2 mutated to the extent that people did not isolate. We demonstrated that the Omicron variants evolved in these ways to adapt to human behavior. The quantitative information and predictions we present here can guide future responses in the potential arms race between pandemic interventions and viral evolution.
Regional homogeneity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Yuan Xin , Zhu Yanyan , Xiao Li , Yuan Bin , Zou Jingzhi , Hu Zhizhong , Wu Yunhong , Li Pan , Hu Maorong , Zhou Fuqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objection: To explore the brain functional impairment in patients of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with and without depressive symptoms, and then analyze the correlation between the degree of impairment and the severity of symptoms.
Method: In this study, 14 patients with OCD who met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for "obsessive-compulsive disorder" were included; the OCD with depression (OCDd) group consisted of 15 patients; and 17 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and education were included. The Yale-Brown OCD Scale (Y-BOCS) and the 24-item Hamilton Assessment of Depression Scale (HAMD) were administered to the OCD group and the OCDd group. Resting-state functional brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed in three groups of participants.
Result: The OCDd group had lower scores on the HAMD, Y-BOCS, and obsessive-compulsive thinking subscales than the OCD group (P< 0.05). Scores on the OCDd subscale were negatively correlated with HAMD scores (R = -0.568, P = 0.027). The OCDd group had higher ReHo values in the lingual gyrus than the OCD group. The OCDd group had higher ReHo values in the lingual gyrus than the HC group, while the OCDd group had higher ReHo values than the HC group. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After correction for multiple comparisons, there was no significant difference between the OCDd and HC groups (P>0.05). In the OCD group, the ReHo value of the tongue was negatively correlated with the Y-BOCs total score and the compulsive behavior subscale score (R = -0.609, -0.552, P = 0.016, 0.033).
Conclusion: Abnormal ReHo values in the lingual gyrus and right medial superior frontal gyrus were found in patients with OCD. No effect of OCD symptoms on the local coherence of brain function was observed, which may indicate that OCD symptoms are not responsible for the changes in local coherence of the brain, but are caused by depressive symptoms. In the OCD group, ReHo values of the lingual gyrus were negatively correlated with scores on the Y-BOCs total and obsessive-compulsive subscales, suggesting that abnormal local coherence of the lingual gyrus may be related to the severity of OCD.
The novel agrochemical fungicide ipflufenoquin drives cross-resistance to olorofim in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.
Authors: Rhijn Norman van , Storer Isabelle , Birch Mike , Oliver Jason , Bottery Michael , Bromley Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Widespread use of azole antifungals in agriculture has driven a pandemic of resistance in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. A novel clinical antifungal, olorofim, promises to alleviate this problem but as it nears approval, a new agrochemical fungicide, ipflufenoquin with the same mechanism of action, has been approved by the US EPA. We show that exposure of A. fumigatus to ipflufenoquin can select for strains that are resistant to olorofim, potentially undermining decades of effort in clinical antifungal drug development.
Analysis of the three-dimensional contour of the human face and its relationship with age: a study in computed tomography
Authors: Tonelli Henrique , Freire Alexandre Rodrigues , de Paula Isabela Lesse , Prado Felippe Bevilacqua , Rossi Ana Cláudia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the three-dimensional contour of the face through the morphometric analysis of three facial angles in computed tomography scans of human skulls in different age categories.
Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 123 CT scans that were divided into three groups according to the age. The Mimics 18.0 software (Materialise, NV, Belgium) was used to perform the segmentation of the images of each CT scan. Using the 3D reconstructions of the CT scans, the angular measurements were obtained for the evaluation of the orbital, piriform and maxillary angles. A significance level of 5% was considered. Descriptive statistics were performed for each measurement in each age category and sex. Two-way ANOVA was performed, with multiple comparisons by Tukey's test.
Results: In females, there was a tendency for the piriform angle to increase from the young to the middle-aged group and decrease from the middle-aged to the elderly group.
Conclusions: Females are more prone to selective resorptions than males mainly in the middle third of the face.
Clinical relevance: There is a need to know how the face is remodeled in the process of aging and to understand this bony remodeling is important for application in facial analysis for execution of surgical and aesthetic procedures.
Trends and Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci of Urinary Tract Infections in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Fu-Kang , Cheng Chih-Chien , Lin Fu-Huang , Hsu Sung-Teng , Yih Ng Daphne , Chang Feng-Yee , Chang Chi-Wen , Chien Wu-Chien , Fann Li-Yun , Chu Chi-Ming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Vancomycin can be used to treat many bacterial infections, although the generation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) may cause adverse consequences. We analysed the trends and the risk factors for healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) by VRE.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were hospitalized from 2009–2015 and had hospital-acquired enterococci infections who fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control and Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria, as determined by infection control professionals.
Results: The mean age of the 594 participants was 72.3 years. The proportion of men with enterococcal UTIs was 70%. The proportion of VRE infections among all enterococcal UTIs was lowest in 2009 (18.1%) and highest in 2015 (47.3%). An increasing trend in the proportion of patients with VRE UTIs was observed from 2009–2015. Length of hospitalization of more than 40 days, placement of double-lumen catheters, and placement of a nasogastric tube were associated with a higher risk of VRE in UTIs (odds ratio=1.93–2.72, all P <.05).
Conclusions: The use of unnecessary invasive catheters in patients with double-lumen catheters or nasogastric tubes should be reduced. Environmental disinfection and hand hygiene should be implemented.
A type C study of Braverman-Gaitsgory-Ginzburg's construction of sln representations
Authors: Dong Zhijie , ma haitao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In [FMX19], it is proved that the convolution algebra of top Borel-Moore homology on Steinberg variety of type B/C realizes U (slnθ) where slnθ is the fixed point subalgebra of involution on sln. So top Borel-Moore homology of the partial Springer’s fibers gives the representations of U (slnθ). In this paper, we study these representations using the Schur-Weyl duality and Springer theory.
The evolutionary fate of divergent genomes in hybrid zones between selfing and outcrossing species
Authors: Fyon Frédéric , Berbel-Filho Waldir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hybridization is a natural process whereby two diverging evolutionary lineages reproduce and create offspring of mixed ancestry. Differences in mating systems (e.g., self-fertilization and outcrossing) are expected to affect the direction and extent of hybridization and introgression in hybrid zones. Among other factors, selfers and outcrossers are expected to differ in their mutation loads. This has been studied both theoretically and empirically; however, conflicting predictions have been made on the effects mutation loads of parental species with different mating systems can have on the genomic composition of hybrids. Here we develop a multi-locus, selective model to study the effects of selective interference and homozygosity on (i) the mutation load of selfers and outcrossers, and (ii) the long-term genetic composition of resulting hybrid populations. Notably, our results emphasize that in the long term, genes from the parental population with lesser mutation load will be over-represented in hybrid genomes, regardless of the hybrids own mating system. Under a large portion of the parameter space, we predict that selfers’ genomes are of higher quality and will prevail. However, this will ultimately depend on the intensity of genetic drift and selective interference in the system considered. Taken together, these results provide a “null” hypothesis for the genetic composition of hybrids in hybrid zones containing species with different mating systems.
Electronic communication between transition metal nanoparticle and single atom: Endohedral metallofullerenes single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction catalysis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Xianjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Civil-used proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) may be the potential candidate for the construction of the global new energy system including the use of hydrogen energy. Nevertheless, the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs sluggishly, reining the conversion efficiency of it, which hinders the further commercialization of PEMFC. Currently, the replacement of undesirable Pt catalysts by more stable and economical catalytic materials is the main topic in the field of ORR. Herein, ferromagnetic metal-based endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) electrocatalyst with single-atomic shell decoration (M4@MN4C60, M = Fe, Co, Ni) are theoretically constructed and evaluated by the density functional theory method. The encapsulation energy calculation reveals that the synthesis of all EMFs requires additional external energy supply, which can explain why few successfully experimental synesis of EMFs have been reported. Among all studied catalysts, the CoN4C60 stands out with the highest ORR performance comparable to Pt, and the Fe- and Ni- based EMFs shows considerable activity enhancement after the cluster encapsulation. The electronic structure calculation reveals that the encapsulated Fe4 cluster leads to an electron accumulation around the Fe atom in active center, thereby weakening the *OH binding and enhance the ORR performance.
Predictability of the Early Summer Surface Air Temperature over Western South Asia
Authors: Rashid Irfan Ur , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Osman Marisol , Kucharski Fred , Ashfaq Moetasim , Almazroui Mansour , Torres-Alavez José Abraham , Afzaal Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Surface Air Temperature (SAT) variability over Western South Asia (WSA) is highest during the early summer (May-June) season, which leads to frequent seasonal heatwaves over the region. Therefore, it is important to understand the model’s ability in predicting the regional anomalous temperature conditions, which is the focus of this study using the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecast fifth generation (ECMWF-SEAS5) seasonal prediction system dataset for the period 1981-2022. The model skilfully predicts the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related interannual variability of the SAT over WSA compared to the reanalysis, mediated through the upper-level positive 200-hPa geopotential height anomalies, that lead to warm conditions over the regions during the negative ENSO phase. A negative ENSO-SAT relationship shows that warmer extreme temperature events are more frequent during La Niña, while the opposite may happen for El Niño years. The model shows a reasonable actual prediction skill of the SAT anomalies over the WSA region compared to the higher resolution observational and reanalysis datasets, while a low skill is noted for coarser resolutions, which shows that a choice of the observational dataset is important for the estimation of the model skill. Overall, the Potential Predictability of the SAT is comparable to its actual prediction skill over the WSA region. Moreover, the higher Potential Predictability of the SAT over WSA is noted during La Niña compared to El Niño, which is mainly contributed through the higher signal compared to the noise.
An optimization-based decision support tool for incremental train timetabling
Authors: Kloster Oddvar , Luteberget Bjørnar , Mannino Carlo , Sartor Giorgio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider the typical workflow of a route planner in the context of short-term train timetabling, that is the incremental process of adjustinga timetable for the next day or the next year. This process usually alternates between (1) making rough modifications to an existing timetable (e.g., shifting the departure of a train by half an hour) and then (2) making small adjustments to regain feasibility (e.g., reduce or increase thedwell time of some trains in some stations). The most time-consuming element of this process is related to the second step, that is to manually eliminate all conflicts that may arise after a timetable has been modified. In this work, we propose a mixed-integer programming model tailored to solve precisely this problem, that is to find a conflict-free timetable that is as close as possible to a given one. Previous related work mostly focused on creating complex models to produce “optimal” timetables from scratch, which ultimately resulted in little to no practical applications. By using a simpler model, and by trusting route planners in steering the process towards a timetable with the desired qualities, we can get closer to handle real life instances. The model has been integrated in a user interface that was tested and validated by Norwegian route planners to plan the yearly timetable of a busy railway line in Norway.
Resource use in the last year of life of prostate cancer patients - A register-based analysis
Authors: Banner Andreas , Wieser Sabine , Madersbacher Stephan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Given the paucity of literature on the end of life (EOL) of prostate-cancer (PC) patients, we investigated medication prescription pattern and hospitalization during their final year of life.
METHODS: The data base of the Österreichische Gesundheitskasse Vienna (ÖGK-W) was used to identify all men who died with the diagnosis PCa between 1.1.2015 and 31.12.2021 and who were under androgen deprivation therapy and/or new hormonal therapy. Patient age, prescription patterns and hospitalizations during the last year of life were recorded, odds ratios for age groups were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 1 109 patients were included. ADT was given in 86.7% (n=962) and NHT in 62.8% (n=696). Overall, prescription of analgesics increased from 41% (n=455) during the first to 65.1% (n=722) in the last quarter of the final year of life. Prescription of NSAIDs was almost consistent (18-20%) whereas the number of patients receiving other non-opioids (paracetamol, metamizole) more than doubled (18% to 39%). Older men had lower prescription rates for NSAID (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35-0.64), non-opioids (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32-0.57), opioids (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.34-0.6) and adjuvant analgesics (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65). Approximately 2/3 of patients (n=733) died in the hospital with a median of four hospitalizations. The length of admission was less than 50d in 61.9%, 51-100d in 30.6% and >100d in 7.6%. Younger patients (<70yrs) were more likely to die in the hospital (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.15-2.39), had a higher median rate of hospitalizations (n=6) and longer duration of admissions.
CONCLUSIONS: Resource use increases during the last year life of PCa patients with highest rates in younger men. Hospitalization rates were high and 2/3 died in the hospital, both showing clear age dependency with higher rates, duration and death in the hospital for younger men.
MFMDet: Multi-scale Face Mask Detection using Improved Cascade rcnn
Authors: Cao Ruyi , Mo Wanghao , Zhang Wendong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 is spreading globally, posing a great risk and challenging to the world. And wearing a mask can reduce the spread of the virus and the speed of virus transmission, which is an effective mean to combat the spread of coronavirus. To limit the spread of the virus, the requirement to wear a mask is now becoming more common in public places around the world. Nowadays mask wearing detection has become an important task for computer vision to help the global community. The mask detection task involves complex and diverse scenarios with problems of missed and false detection caused by face features being obscured, varying target scales, poor detection of small targets, and small differences in features between correctly and incorrectly worn masks. For this reason, we propose a new mask detection model, MFMDet, which uses Recursive Feature Pyramid to process the multi-scale features extracted by the backbone network, increasing the global features and the perceptual field, and enhancing the detector's ability to adjust to different scales. To ensure the accurate extraction of valid information, we introduce modulated deformable RoIpooling into the detection head to make the network better adapt to the deformation of the target and enhance the spatial and task awareness of the detection head. In addition, we use Joint Image Hybrid Augmentation to increase the number of training samples and diversity to enhance the model generalization ability. Experimental results show that our method improved by 2.5 AP over the baseline, comparing to the baseline on the PWMFD dataset and outperforms other existing target detection algorithms. We also conducted experiments on the WMD dataset to further validate the generalization ability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
An Intelligent diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on Ghost module and adaptive weighting module
Authors: Qiang Ruiru , Zhao Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The vibration signals of rolling bearings are inevitably influenced by noise as well as by working conditions. The use of one-dimensional original signals converted into images for rolling bearing fault diagnosis has achieved good results, but ignores the large size of the model and the speed of diagnosis, so it is not suitable for practical fault diagnosis. To address this problem, we propose a neural network based on Ghost modules and dynamic attention mechanisms. The method uses the Ghost module and coordinate attention to compress model size and reduce computational effort while improving the network's perception of the input signals. In addition, to enable efficient use of similar feature maps generated by convolution, an adaptive weighting module is proposed to further simplify the learning process and reduce network training time. The validity of the proposed method was verified on a dataset provided by Case Western Reserve University and the Mechanical Failure Prevention Technology Society. The results show that the proposed method not only has good noise immunity in noisy environments, but also has good diagnostic performance and good generalization performance under different loads. Under the same experimental conditions, the method proposed in this paper is compared with some methods and the results show the superiority of the proposed method in the diagnosis of rolling bearing faults.