bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Neurodevelopmental Assessment in Early Childhood Predictive of Performance Assessed Later in Childhood and Adolescence in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Zoumenou Roméo , Bodeau-Livinec Florence , Chausseboeuf Léa , Boivin Michael J , Wendland Jaqueline 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Most neurodevelopmental tests used to assess child development in sub-Saharan Africa were developed in western or high-income countries, raising the question of their usefulness with African children.

Objective
This systematic review identified and synthesized key findings from studies measuring development in children in Sub-Saharan Africa in early childhood and again at school age, to assess neurocognitive associations longitudinally from infancy through middle childhood.

Methods
The study was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, selecting articles referenced in the PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase databases using the following inclusion criteria: published between 2000 and 2022, written in French or English, and presenting results dealing with the objective assessment of child’s neurodevelopment. All articles were registered in the Zotero reference manager and analyzed by title, abstract, and full text.

Results
Several of the seven selected studies confirmed that attention and working memory in infancy can predict children’s neurocognitive performance, including mathematical ability, at school age. In two of the studies, children with poor mental development at 1 year of age are more likely to present with poorer behavioral development at school age, including learning difficulties in school and risk for grade repetition.

Conclusion
Cognitive ability assessed in early childhood is strongly associated with performance at school age in cohorts of African children followed longitudinally. Even with assessments adapted cross-culturally, infants and preschoolers at risk for poor developmental outcomes can be identified to better receive strategic early interventions to enhance their development.
The effectiveness of chest T-tube drainage in uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Patirelis Alexandro , Carlea Federica , Lo Torto Sara , Tacconi Federico , Ambrogi Vincenzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Uniportal incision located at 4th or 5th intercostal space represents a problem for the correct drainage of distal areas of pleural cavity. The T-shaped tube can drain both the extremities of pleural space. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of T-chest tube compared to classic chest tube after uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery.

METHODS
We compared the effectiveness of T-tube and classic 28 CH chest drainage after different surgical procedures in uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery: lobectomies, wedge resections and pleural and mediastinal biopsies. As primary end points, drained effusion and evidence of pneumothorax at postoperative day 1, subcutaneous emphysema, tube kinking, obstruction and necessity of repositioning or postoperative thoracentesis were considered. Pain at 6 and 24 h after surgery, pain at tube removal and mean hospitalization were analysed as secondary end points.

RESULTS
A total of 109 patients were selected for the study, 51 included to the T-tube group while the other 58 ones to the control group with classic drainage. Patients with T-tube showed a significantly lower rate of pneumothorax (29.4% vs 63.8%; P &lt; 0.001), tube kinking (5.9% vs 27.6%; P = 0.003) and need of repositioning (2.0% vs 12.1%; P = 0.043). No significant results were obtained in subcutaneous emphysema (P = 0.26), tube obstruction (P = 0.32), drained effusion (P = 0.11) and need of postoperative thoracentesis (P = 0.18). Patients with T-tube complained of &lt;6 h after surgery (P &lt; 0.001). Conversely, T-tube removal was reported to be more painful (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Chest T-tube can achieve significantly lower rate of postoperative pneumothorax, kinking and repositioning with less pain 6 hours after surgery compared to classic tube.
Volunteers in Public Service Production: Modeling the Contributions of Volunteers to Organizational Performance
Authors: Kang Seong C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Volunteer use as an alternative service delivery arrangement entails public organizations directly incorporating volunteers in service production through a quasi-employment relationship. However, research evaluating the contributions of volunteer labor to organizational performance are relatively few. This article fills this gap by drawing from two theoretical insights. First, this study tests a linear model based on the traditional human resource management approach of interchangeability in which volunteers constitute a one-on-one substitute for paid employees. Second, this study draws insight from critical mass theory to explore a nonlinear model based on the assumption that the productivity of one volunteer may not be equal to that of one paid employee due to the systematic limitations of volunteer labor. Analyzing a five wave panel dataset of 484 local law enforcement agencies in the United States that utilize sworn volunteers with general arrest powers, the findings indicate that an increase in the number of sworn volunteers has a linear negative effect on clearing violent crimes in sheriffs offices. However, the results also indicate evidence of curvilinear effects on clearing violent crimes in police departments. This article suggests the need to account for the systematic limitations of volunteer labor when measuring performance and to explore multiple indicators. This study contributes to theory building and testing by enabling a two-way understanding of the relationship between volunteer involvement and organizational performance in the public sector.
Introduction
Authors: Hallas Roger 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introduction elucidates the broader question of intermediality between photography and film before focusing on the representation of photography within film. A comparative analysis of fictional narrative and documentary film illuminates the propensity of the latter for the intermedial incorporation of photography, permitting the media of photography and documentary film to each be “seen otherwise.” In particular, the spatio-temporal capacities of documentary film enable it to provide new or enhanced perspectives on the significance of photographic materiality and the event of photography. The introduction concludes with a summary of the book’s organization around documentary film’s engagement with the photographic image, the photograph as object, the photographer, the photo archive, and portraiture as photographic genre.
Introduction to the Volume
Authors: Hunter Angela , Wilkin Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introduction characterizes Louise Dupin’s Work on Women as the most substantial feminist treatise of the French Enlightenment. It explains the impetus offered by Dupin’s mentor, the Abbé de Saint-Pierre; the inspiration provided by the seventeenth-century feminist Poulain de la Barre; and the duties performed by her secretary, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The story of the elaboration, dispersal, and reconstruction of the manuscripts is told against the backdrop of the sexist bias in history that Dupin herself analyzes. Images of manuscript folios demonstrate her methods of scholarship and composition as well as Rousseau’s main tasks: excerpting relevant passages from sources, taking dictation, and copying out clean drafts. Beyond the textual collaboration of Dupin and her secretary, the introduction establishes the social and intellectual context that informed the creation of the Work on Women—and her choice to suppress it. Sources of family wealth, including investments in the slave trade, are compared to her pronouncements against slavery and related to the contradictions of contemporary white feminism. Montesquieu’s enmity for Louise Dupin and her husband Claude Dupin—aroused by their co-authored critique of his Spirit of the Laws—is presented as a possible reason for the non-completion, non-circulation, and non-publication of any part of the Work on Women during her lifetime, which lasted through the French Revolution.
Education and Mores
Authors: Hunter Angela , Wilkin Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Part IV argues that societal customs cause social and intellectual differences between men and women that are claimed to be natural. It traces the history of education in France from the Middle Ages to the early modern period, revealing the sexist assumptions that guide gender-specific education (e.g., in Fontenelle) and lamenting women’s lack of access to meaningful education. It exposes the injustices that result from the unequal upbringings of boys and girls: women’s exclusion from political, social, and familial power; harmful social interactions, miscommunication, and distrust between men and women; and impoverished marital relations wrought by hierarchy between husbands and wives. It critiques the moralist tradition for sexist bias for singling out moral flaws particular to women, and protests the representation of women passively suffering for the sake of love in eighteenth-century theater.
Waiting on Empire
Authors: Datta Arunima 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Waiting on Empire: A History of Indian Travelling Ayahs in Britain is a tale of endless negotiations of migrant colonized subjects with powers that inevitably kept them waiting. The expansion of the British Empire facilitated movement across the globe for both the colonizers and the colonized. Waiting focuses on a largely forgotten group: South Asian travelling ayahs (servants and nannies), who travelled between India and Britain, but usually due to the irresponsibility of their employers often found themselves destitute in Britain as they struggled to find their way home to South Asia. Using individual case studies uncovered from a diverse range of archives to highlight the agency and activism of the travelling ayahs as they struggled to assert their rights, this book explores the ways in which travelling ayahs negotiated survival and employment opportunities in precarious conditions, capitalized upon social sympathy amongst sections of the British population, and confronted or collaborated with various British institutions and individuals to demand justice and humane treatment. This work seeks to draw attention to the complexities and nuanced aspects of the experience of waiting and its importance in the lives of those involved in transnational labour flows. This study shows that waiting has not been necessarily characterized only by passivity, inaction, paralysis, or lack of agency; rather, it has also been a zone of active negotiation, a zone of becoming, and a zone of constant action for those who wait and those who engage with them.
Decadent Conservatism
Authors: Murray Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
British Decadent literature was a radical attack on conventional morality and middle-class taste, its insistence on the autonomy of the art and its exploration of sexuality, dissipation, and depravity at odds with the literary and social establishment. Yet this countercultural narrative has obscured the often reactionary, elitist, and nostalgic tendencies of Decadent writers and artists of the fin de siècle. This book offers the first in-depth examination of the intersection of Decadence and conservatism, arguing that underpinning both was the desire to find alternatives to liberal modernity. Both Decadents and conservatism turned to the past to uncover values and models of social organization that could offer stability in a chaotic world. From well-known figures such as Oscar Wilde and W. B. Yeats to the forgotten editors of short-lived periodicals, important female aesthetes such as Michael Field, and politicians such as Arthur Balfour, the book challenges conventional understandings of the relationship between aesthetics, politics, and the past in late Victorian Britain. Through a series of thematic chapters exploring the alternative communities created by little magazines, the politics of individualism, investments in monarchy and religion, folk Decadence, and jingoistic and nationalist responses to the Second Anglo-Boer War, this study offers a new and much messier picture of fin-de-siècle literary politics. It will be of interest to those working on Victorian literature and modernism, as well as the social, political and cultural history of the period 1880–1920.
Introduction
Authors: Murray Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter places the book in broader debates about the politics of Decadence and modernism, arguing that the conservative tenor of much Decadent writing has been relatively neglected as critics focus more on the writers’ sexual politics and their appeal to novel experiences. It sketches out an alternative framework, making the claim that Decadence is also characterized by the appeal of tradition and inherited experience as an alternative to liberal narratives of progress. As it makes clear, these conservative responses do not map easily onto a left–right political continuum and run the gamut from reactionary politics to socialism. It then offers a concise exploration of conservatism as a philosophical and political tendency and places the writers examined in the book in the broader British conservative tradition inaugurated by Edmund Burke. It offers Lionel Johnson and Michael Field as exemplary Decadent conservatives.
A Frequent Visitor
Authors: Patten Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDickens published a number of essays about the Morgue in his weekly perioidcals, Household Words and All the Year Round, between 1850 and 1867. These are analyzed in detail, for what he saw in corpses, what he viewed others seeing, and how visitors of all ages reacted to the sights. He had a strange attraction to repulsive images, associated corpses with ghosts, and mused about how a cadaver prompts stories it cannot speak. His thoughts are braided into the tapestry of his other writings, as he explores ways bodies may be reanimated, identities lost, and lives threatened by the dead. The capacity of the dead to intervene in human lives, even Dickens's, is particularly troubling.
Ringing Out Change
Authors: Patten Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDickens had associated bells with New Year’s before; in this story they not only ring out the old and ring in the new, but they are misinterpreted by the protagonist, Trotty Veck, as messaging the same thing as the daily news. The Chimes is based on a real event, the trial for murder of a starving unwed mother who slips and falls into the Thames, killing her baby but surviving. The ruling class puts down laborers and suicides; Veck rescues them. As rebel, his odd trotting gait and appetites enshrine the lower-class carnivalesque of Mikhail Bakhtin. Physically able to make life’s journeys, he accepts the crushing verdict of superiors that the poor are unworthy. Like Scrooge, Trotty’s education is effected by spirits—of the bells, who immerse him in a future without hope or life. Once again past, present, and future combine to convert true hearts. Illustrations teach the same lesson.
Battling for his Life
Authors: Patten Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDickens struggled to write a story about people deceiving themselves and others for good motives. Modeled on eighteenth-century morality tales, these characters have fixed notions: battles prove life is a farce, or a farce with enough battles to keep lawyers busy, or too confusing to sort out, or heroic on an everyday scale. A fruitful orchard growing upon old battlefield deaths instances natural recovery. In the ending, designed for staging as the exposure of farce and the truth of sacrifice and love, simple engraved mottos prevail: “forget and forgive,” and “do as you would be done by.” A traditional Christmas dance, present in previous books, is this time interrupted by terrible news that prostrates two people. It takes six years to right things. Dickens deploys assertions of farce to construct an anti-farce; but the dissemblings resist full explanation and accurate illustration. Death is the fact upon which human actions must be based.
A Life Course Approach to Women’s Health
Authors: Mishra Gita D. , Kuh Diana , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This opening chapter sets out the central aim of this book to update and reviews the scientific evidence and methodological developments in life course epidemiology as applied to women’s health. It introduces life course epidemiology, which is the study of the contribution of biological and social factors acting independently, interactively, and cumulatively during gestation, childhood, adolescence, and adult life on health outcomes in later life. The chapter then provides an outline of the contents, taking the opportunity to highlight different aspects of the life course approach covered in each chapter. It concludes with a discussion of the recent developments in the adoption of a life course approach in national women’s health strategies.
A Life Course Approach to Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Masoli Jane A.H. , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important health problem in women because of the high incidence and associated morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, we identify multiple exposures from across the life course which may increase risk of CVD in women. The classic CVD risk factors remain key causes and are similarly associated with CVD in women as in men, although the association of blood pressure may be stronger in women. We review the evidence relating female reproductive characteristics to CVD, highlighting adverse pregnancy outcomes and early menopause as risk factors. The chapter also contains discussion of life course socioeconomic position, fetal and childhood growth and nutrition, and adverse childhood experiences as risk factors with consideration of the sex differences in associations. Wider socioeconomic inequalities in CVD are identified in women compared with men.
Cognition Function and Dementia
Authors: Sundermann Erin E. , Banks Sarah J. , Menendez Carlos Araujo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarises current evidence of sex/gender differences in the rates, risk factors, pathology, and clinical manifestation of dementia and how life-long sex differences in cognition, brain function, and reproductive ageing may contribute to these differences. We focus on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as it is the most common dementia subtype with the most research investigating sex/gender differences. The sex/gender differences in AD are critical and perplexing. Whereas women show higher rates of AD, greater AD pathology burden, and a steeper decline before AD dementia diagnosis, they also show a more favourable clinical profile in prodromal AD. These sex differences are not understood but have significant implications for our ability to diagnose, track, and intervene in disease progression. We discuss potential contributing factors to these differences, including the life-long female advantage in verbal memory and brain glucose metabolism in conjunction with greater AD pathology burden in women versus men in early disease stages. Given that reproductive hormones are a central determinant of sex differences in brain structure and function, we hypothesise that factors which influence lifetime gonadal hormone exposure are also critical to understanding sex differences in AD. Whereas both men and women undergo reproductive ageing, this process is more complex in women, who experience such hormone-altering events as pregnancy and menopause and exogenous hormone use (e.g. hormone therapy, contraceptives) that have been linked to dementia risk. In addition to biological factors, we discuss the contributions of gender-based sociocultural factors to sex differences in AD, particularly with risk and protective factors.
Endocrine Pathways Across the Life Course
Authors: Bianchini Marta , Chiefari Alfonsina , Lauretta Rosa , Mormando Marilda , Puliani Giulia , Appetecchia Marialuisa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hormones are involved in virtually all physiological systems, including growth, sexual maturation and fertility, metabolism, and circadian rhythms, with a crucial role in the maintenance of women’s health. This chapter provides an overview of the female physiology of the main endocrine axes (gonadal, adrenal, thyroid, and metabolic) and their central regulation. In fact, hormones secretion is finely regulated by hypothalamus–pituitary axis, which is capable of analysing and integrating information from peripherical organs and external environment. The changes in the physiology of each hypothalamus-pituitary axis are analyzed across the woman’s life, from gestation to senescence, with a special focus on pregnancy and on the influence of lifestyle in hormonal status.
Women’s Social Relationships and Links with Health and Well-being over the Life Course
Authors: McMunn Anne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is generally accepted that, with the notable exception of marriage, social relationships are more important for women than for men. There is now an extensive body of evidence showing that a variety of aspects of social relationships are crucial for well-being and happiness, and a lack of social integration is strongly linked with poor health and earlier mortality. Based on the notion that social relationships are particularly central to women’s identities, women are thought to be more ‘reactive’ than men to the quality of their relationships. However, evidence reviewed in this chapter suggests that this may be true psychologically, but not in terms of CVD, mortality, or cognitive outcomes, nor in terms of biological stress responses which may link social stressors such as isolation with health outcomes. Given weakening of traditional gender norms and socialisation processes, we might expect gendered patterns in social relations and their impact on health to be in flux. Recent evidence does continue to show that women provide and receive more support from a wider and more diverse social network than men do, but there is more evidence to support change in the gendered nature of partnership. Evidence supporting the greater health benefits of partnership for men appears to be diminishing in more recent cohorts in Western contexts, suggesting that partnership is one site in which we are beginning to see the result of changing gender relations.
Andrew Lang
Authors: Sloan John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This is the first full biography of Andrew Lang, a major late-Victorian writer and thinker, one who challenged the increasing specialism that accompanied the advance of modernity and science in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Drawing extensively on unpublished correspondence and new sources of information and research, the book sheds new light on his double existence as a scholar and journalist, on the influences of his Scottish upbringing and education on his generalist approach to knowledge and learning, and on the wider intellectual impact of his cross-disciplinary writings in the fields of literature, social anthropology, mythology and folklore, Homeric studies, history, and the origins of religion.