bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of pattern matching in camouflaging cuttlefish
Authors: Woo Theodosia , Liang Xitong , Evans Dominic A. , Fernandez Olivier , Kretschmer Friedrich , Reiter Sam , Laurent Gilles 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany cephalopods escape detection using camouflage1. This behaviour relies on a visual assessment of the surroundings, on an interpretation of visual-texture statistics2–4 and on matching these statistics using millions of skin chromatophores that are controlled by motoneurons located in the brain5–7. Analysis of cuttlefish images proposed that camouflage patterns are low dimensional and categorizable into three pattern classes, built from a small repertoire of components8–11. Behavioural experiments also indicated that, although camouflage requires vision, its execution does not require feedback5,12,13, suggesting that motion within skin-pattern space is stereotyped and lacks the possibility of correction. Here, using quantitative methods14, we studied camouflage in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis as behavioural motion towards background matching in skin-pattern space. An analysis of hundreds of thousands of images over natural and artificial backgrounds revealed that the space of skin patterns is high-dimensional and that pattern matching is not stereotyped—each search meanders through skin-pattern space, decelerating and accelerating repeatedly before stabilizing. Chromatophores could be grouped into pattern components on the basis of their covariation during camouflaging. These components varied in shapes and sizes, and overlay one another. However, their identities varied even across transitions between identical skin-pattern pairs, indicating flexibility of implementation and absence of stereotypy. Components could also be differentiated by their sensitivity to spatial frequency. Finally, we compared camouflage to blanching, a skin-lightening reaction to threatening stimuli. Pattern motion during blanching was direct and fast, consistent with open-loop motion in low-dimensional pattern space, in contrast to that observed during camouflage.
Amifostine attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Wenting , Pan Lin , Cheng Yiju , Wu Xiao , Huang Songsong , Du Juan , Zhu Honglan , Zhang Menglin , Zhang Yuquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmifostine is a normal cell protection agent, not only used in the adjuvant therapy of lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, bone tumor, digestive tract tumor, blood system tumor and other cancers in order to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, and recent studies have reported that the drug can also reduce lung tissue damage in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of AMI on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established using BLM. We then assessed histopathological changes, inflammatory factors, oxidative indicators, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix changes, and levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins in the BLM-treated mice to determine the effect of AMI treatment on these factors. BLM-treated mice had substantial lung inflammation and abnormal extracellular matrix deposition. Overall, treatment with AMI significantly improved BLM-induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. More specifically, AMI alleviated BLM-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, alveolar cell apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix deposition by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This finding that AMI can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model by inhibiting activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway lays a foundation for potential future clinical application of this agent in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
Genomic analysis of Anderson typing phages of Salmonella Typhimrium: towards understanding the basis of bacteria-phage interaction
Authors: Mohammed Manal , Casjens Sherwood R. , Millard Andrew D. , Harrison Christian , Gannon Lucy , Chattaway Marie Anne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Anderson phage typing scheme has been successfully used worldwide for epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Although the scheme is being replaced by whole genome sequence subtyping methods, it can provide a valuable model system for study of phage-host interaction. The phage typing scheme distinguishes more than 300 definitive types of Salmonella Typhimurium based on their patterns of lysis to a unique collection of 30 specific Salmonella phages. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 28 Anderson typing phages of Salmonella Typhimurium to begin to characterize the genetic determinants that are responsible for the differences in these phage type profiles. Genomic analysis of typing phages reveals that Anderson phages can be classified into three different groups, the P22-like, ES18-like and SETP3-like clusters. Most Anderson phages are short tailed P22-like viruses (genus Lederbergvirus); but phages STMP8 and STMP18 are very closely related to the lambdoid long tailed phage ES18, and phages STMP12 and STMP13 are related to the long noncontractile tailed, virulent phage SETP3. Most of these typing phages have complex genome relationships, but interestingly, two phage pairs STMP5 and STMP16 as well as STMP12 and STMP13 differ by a single nucleotide. The former affects a P22-like protein involved in DNA passage through the periplasm during its injection, and the latter affects a gene whose function is unknown. Using the Anderson phage typing scheme would provide insights into phage biology and the development of phage therapy for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.
Electrochemical, surface analysis, computational and anticorrosive studies of novel di-imine Schiff base on X65 steel surface
Authors: Nasser Ahmed. , Migahed M. A. , EL Basiony N. M. , Abd-El-Bary H. M. , Mohamed Tarek A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of di-imine-SB namely ((N1Z, N4E)-N1, N4-bis (4 (dimethylamino) benzylidene) butane 1,4-diamine) on X65-steel in 1 M HCl has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and weight loss outcomes display the anticorrosion properties of “di-imine- SB”. The inhibitory efficiency exceeds 90% at the optimal concentration of 1 × 10–3 M “di-imine- SB”. The metal surface was examined further using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effectiveness of the di-imine-SB is returned into its adsorption on X65-steel surface and found in agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. According to the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption$$({\Delta G}_{ads}^{^\circ })$$(ΔGads∘), di-imine-SB adsorption tends to be chemical rather than physical, it increases the activation energy ($${\mathrm{E}}_{a}$$Ea) of metal dissolution reaction and makes it hard to occur. The PDP data suggested anodic and cathodic type of the di-imine-SB inhibitor. Meanwhile, increasing the resistance of X65-steel to 301 Ω cm2after adding 1 mM of di-imine-SB confirms its protective effect. Whereas, the positive value of the fraction of electron transference (ΔN, 0.746), confirms the affinity of di-imine-SB to share electrons to the partially filed 3d-orbital of Fe forming strong protective film over X65-steel surface. Aided by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, the calculated adsorption energy (Eads) suggests excessive adsorption affinity of di-imine-SB on metal surface over the corrosive chlorides and hydronium ions. A good correlation between the theoretical hypothesis and the experimental inhibition efficiency has been achieved. The comparative study showed the superior of the di-imine-SB as potential corrosion inhibitor compared with those reported before. Finally, global reactivity descriptors; electron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), electronegativity (χ), dipole moment (µ), global hardness ($$\eta$$η), electrophilicity index and, Fukui indices were also calculated and found well correlated to the reactivity of di-imine-SB.
Glazes induced degradation of tea catechins
Authors: Xin Yunzi , Shido Sota , Kato Kunihiko , Shirai Takashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn present work, the degradation behavior of tea catechins on various commercial glazes was elucidated for the first time. Four kinds of Japanese typical commercial glaze powders (Oribe /Namako/Irabo /Toumei) based on Fe/Co /Cu /Ti oxides were utilized and deposited on ceramic tiles. Tea solution extracted from green tea leaves at 80 °C and then utilized for the examination of degradation behavior with glazes to meet a nearly identical condition in human daily tea drinking with ceramicwares. It was found that the degradation of tea catechins significantly dependent on the chemical structure of glazes, that is: Fe/Cu/Co oxides contained glazes can promote the degradation of epigallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate, while Ti oxide contained glaze stimulated the degradation of epigallocatechin gallate selectively. Coloring pigments were produced in degraded tea solutions, whose color shows glaze dependent property. We presume that these color pigments can be assigned as oxytheotannin, especially theaflavin and its oxides as well as thearubigins, that produced through the polymerization of intermediate free radical catechin and/or the ortho-quinone generated by catalytic effect of glaze oxides worked as Lewis’s acids. The specific function of glazes on degradation of catechins discovered here not only provides principal information for design and development of functional materials but also bring new impacts on daily tea drinking and long-term human health-related issues.
An Alzheimer’s disease category progression sub-grouping analysis using manifold learning on ADNI
Authors: van der Haar Dustin , Moustafa Ahmed , Warren Samuel L. , Alashwal Hany , van Zyl Terence 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany current statistical and machine learning methods have been used to explore Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its associated patterns that contribute to the disease. However, there has been limited success in understanding the relationship between cognitive tests, biomarker data, and patient AD category progressions. In this work, we perform exploratory data analysis of AD health record data by analyzing various learned lower dimensional manifolds to separate early-stage AD categories further. Specifically, we used Spectral embedding, Multidimensional scaling, Isomap, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection, and sparse denoising autoencoder based manifolds on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. We then determine the clustering potential of the learned embeddings and then determine if category sub-groupings or sub-categories can be found. We then used a Kruskal–sWallis H test to determine the statistical significance of the discovered AD subcategories. Our results show that the existing AD categories do exhibit sub-groupings, especially in mild cognitive impairment transitions in many of the tested manifolds, showing there may be a need for further subcategories to describe AD progression.
Decomposing acute malnutrition by educational inequality of mother’s among under five children in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Tariq Insha , Khan Javaid Iqbal , Malik Manzoor Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHealth outcomes in the state of Jammu and Kashmir have shown improvement in recent decades. However, nutritional achievements, particularly among children under the age of five, have not seen similar progress. Various factors influence the nutritional status of this age group, with the socio-cultural and biological attributes of mothers being considered significant determinants. While some studies have examined these attributes, there is a scarcity of research exploring the causal link between socio-culturally determined factors, such as maternal education, and child nutritional achievements, especially in Indian states located in North India. This paper aims to address this gap by analysing the prevalence of acute malnutrition (stunting) among children under five in Jammu and Kashmir in relation to educational inequality among mothers. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) is used to assess the levels of stunting (low height for age) among children, considering the literacy status of mothers and other control variables. Bivariate and multivariable methods are employed to study the association and identify risk factors. Additionally, the Oaxaca decomposition method is used to analyse the educational gap in factors associated with child stunting. The results indicate a higher prevalence of stunting among children of uneducated mothers (29%) compared to those of educated mothers (25%). The findings demonstrate a lower risk of stunting among children whose mothers are literate (OR 0.89). The Oaxaca decomposition analysis reveals a statistically significant difference in stunting between children based on their mother's education. These results highlight the wide disparities in acute malnutrition among children due to variations in maternal education. It is therefore crucial for policymakers to prioritize efforts to reduce educational disparities in order to alleviate the nutritional burden faced by children.
Asynchronous dynamic event‐triggered control for network systems with dual triggers
Authors: Guo Yuchao , Fang Xiaohan , Fan Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work proposes the framework of dual dynamic triggers to deal with the communication problem of remote control under the event‐triggered scheme for network control systems (NCSs). Compared with the existing NCSs, a local controller is set up at the plant site, which provides the local control input for the plant as a remote controller. The remote controller and the plant measurement have their individual dynamic triggers. Thus it is allowed that the local controller and the remote controller permit asynchronous communication, which is governed by different event conditions. It is proven that the proposed control strategy can drive the closed‐loop system asymptotically to equilibrium. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mirror complementary transformer network for RGB‐thermal salient object detection
Authors: Jiang Xiurong , Hou Yifan , Tian Hui , Zhu Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConventional RGB‐T salient object detection treats RGB and thermal modalities equally to locate the common salient regions. However, the authors observed that the rich colour and texture information of the RGB modality makes the objects more prominent compared to the background; and the thermal modality records the temperature difference of the scene, so the objects usually contain clear and continuous edge information. In this work, a novel mirror‐complementary Transformer network (MCNet) is proposed for RGB‐T SOD, which supervise the two modalities separately with a complementary set of saliency labels under a symmetrical structure. Moreover, the attention‐based feature interaction and serial multiscale dilated convolution (SDC)‐based feature fusion modules are introduced to make the two modalities complement and adjust each other flexibly. When one modality fails, the proposed model can still accurately segment the salient regions. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed model under challenging scenes in real world, the authors build a novel RGB‐T SOD dataset VT723 based on a large public semantic segmentation RGB‐T dataset used in the autonomous driving domain. Extensive experiments on benchmark and VT723 datasets show that the proposed method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art approaches, including CNN‐based and Transformer‐based methods. The code and dataset can be found at https://github.com/jxr326/SwinMCNet.
Short‐term traffic flow prediction based on AST‐MTL‐CNN‐GRU
Authors: Yang Zijing , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo address the current objective of short‐term traffic flow prediction on roads, this paper aims to predict not only the future traffic flow on roads, but also the average speed of future roads. Specifically, the authors propose a short‐term traffic flow prediction method based on the Convolutional Neural Network—Gate Recurrent Unit—Multi Task Learning‐time‐separated attention mechanism (AST‐MTL‐CNN‐GRU). Firstly, the authors add a time‐separated attention mechanism that can effectively generate attention matrices independently for different locations and times of the day. Secondly, the three main parameters of traffic flow, average speed and occupancy are combined in pairs as input data while the multi‐task learning is applied to predict the future traffic flow and average speed on the road. Finally, the CNNs are used to extract the spatial features and the GRUs are used to extract temporal features. Compared with the baseline models (diffusion CNNs (DCRNN), 1D‐CNN‐long short‐term memory (1DCNN‐LSTM), convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM), graph WaveNet and ST‐ResNet), the authors’ proposed model has high performance in terms of accuracy, stability and robustness. A large number of ablation experiments are conducted based on five‐fold cross validation using the Quanzhou city dataset and the California dataset. The experimental results show that the combination of average speed and occupancy for input has higher prediction accuracy. In addition, the authors’ proposed model can outperform the other models being compared in terms of accuracy, stability and robustness even with noise added.
Dual‐band circular patch antenna working in TM41 and TM11 mode for on‐/off‐body communications
Authors: Gao Guo‐Ping , Dou Zhi‐Heng , Ma Ge , Wang Dan , Yu Zhuo‐Qi , Dong Jing‐Hang , Hu Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA capacitive coupling dual‐band circular patch antenna for on‐/off‐body communications is proposed for 3.5 GHz world interoperability for microwave access band and 5.8 GHz industrial scientific medical band. The antenna has a compact structure with a single substrate made of polydimethylsiloxane which is flexible and easy to wear. To realise off‐body mode, the antenna adopted bias feeding. The on‐body mode is achieved by symmetrically loading four shorting vias on the edge of the patch to stimulate TM41 mode, which tends to bring a high gain of the antenna. The measured operating bandwidths of the antenna for off‐body and on‐body modes are 120 MHz (3.45–3.57 GHz) and 360 MHz (5.54–5.90 GHz) respectively. The peak gains are 5.99 dBi for off‐body mode and 5.46 dBi for on‐body mode. Moreover, the antenna displays robust performances when it is bended or closed to human bodies. Meanwhile, low specific absorption rate values are proving that the antenna is safe to wear on human bodies.
A new symmetric modular eleven‐level inverter using single and double source unit for low voltage applications with reduced number of switches
Authors: Fakhri Naser , Laali Sara , Naderi Mohammad Salay , Rahimi Hossein , Farkoush Saeid Gholami 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a modular multilevel inverter for low‐voltage applications, including ac‐coupled renewables and energy storage systems. These inverters require many switches and gate drivers in their structures, which complicates the control system, reduces efficiency, and increases costs. This study introduces a new modular multilevel inverter that can produce five levels of positive voltage using only six power switches and five DC voltage sources. The basic unit is composed of a single‐ and double‐source (SDS) unit. SDS reduces the number of power electronic components, such as the insulated gate bipolar transistors, freewheeling diodes, gate driver circuits, dc voltage sources, and blocking voltage by switches. The proposed topology can boost the number of output voltage levels and decrease the number of switching devices and voltage stress using some combinations of basic submodules. The performance of the proposed 11‐level single‐phase inverter is compared with that of the conventional structures and recent symmetric topologies considering the number of switches, cost, and efficiency. The waveform quality and both the voltage and current harmonic characteristics were determined in accordance with IEEE 519–2014. Finally, an 11‐level prototype was constructed to validate the theoretical analysis, feasibility, and effectiveness of the proposed inverter.
Analysis, design, and implementation of switched Z‐source inverter with an extra control input
Authors: Zarei Golaleh , Babaei Ebrahim , Banae Sharifian Mohammad Bagher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current study proposes a topology for switched Z‐source inverter. In the switching method used for this structure, unlike the conventional, the active network switches’ duty cycle is not equal to the shoot‐through duty cycle. So, in addition to the shoot‐through duty cycle, the duty cycle of impedance network switches is also involved in the boost factor. Besides, by extracting the small‐signal model, it is observed that the proposed topology has two control inputs on the dc‐side. The advantage of the additional control input is demonstrated by designing a closed‐loop control for the case where the inverter is used as an interface between the photovoltaics (PV) and the grid. In addition, the steady‐state analysis in different operating modes and the switching pattern are presented for the proposed topology. Comparing the number of elements and the boost factor of the proposed topology with several conventional topologies indicates that besides the control advantage, this topology has a higher voltage gain. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to verify theoretical discussions of the proposed inverter.
A possible common explanation for several cosmic microwave background (CMB) anomalies: A strong impact of nearby galaxies on observed large-scale CMB fluctuations
Authors: Hansen Frode K. , Boero Ezequiel F. , Luparello Heliana E. , Garcia Lambas Diego 
Published: June 2023

Context. A new and hitherto unknown cosmic microwave background (CMB) foreground has recently been detected. A systematic decrease in CMB temperatures around nearby large spiral galaxies points to an unknown interaction with CMB photons in a sphere up to several projected megaparsecs around these galaxies.
Aims. We investigate to what extent this foreground may impact the CMB fluctuation map and create the so-called CMB anomalies.
Methods. Using the observed temperature decrements around the galaxies, and making some general assumptions about the unknown interaction, we propose a common radial temperature profile. By assigning this profile to nearby galaxies in the redshift range z = [0.004, 0.02], we created a foreground map model.
Results. We find a remarkable resemblance between this temperature model map, based on nearby galaxies, and the Planck CMB map. Compared to 1000 simulated maps, we find that none of them show such a strong correlation with the foreground map over both large and small angular scales. In particular, the quadrupole, octopole, and ℓ = 4 and ℓ = 5 modes correlate with the foreground map to a high significance. Furthermore, one of the most prominent temperature decrements in the foreground map coincides with the position of the CMB cold spot.
Conclusions. The largest scales of the CMB, and thereby the cosmological parameters, may change significantly after this foreground component is properly corrected. However, a reliable corrected CMB map can only be derived when suitable physical mechanisms are proposed and tested.