bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Routledge Philip Alexander , Bracchi Robert 
Published: May 2023

AimTo conduct an overview of systematic reviews examining interventions to stimulate spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by healthcare professionals (HCPs) and/or patients/carers.MethodsSystematic reviews published since 1 January 2000 were identified and the included publications categorized in relation to the 4Es (education, engineering, economics and enforcement).ResultsAlmost all studies were aimed at HCPs. Educational initiatives were most often used and, in most studies, were associated with improvements in quantity and/or quality of reports, at least in the short term. Lectures/presentations and regular reminders (eg, verbal or by e‐mail) were the educational methods most often identified by systematic reviews. Engineering initiatives were also generally effective, including improving the availability of reporting forms, electronic ADR reporting, modification of reporting procedures/policies or the reporting form and assistance to complete the form. Evidence for the benefit of economic incentives (eg, monetary rewards, lottery tickets, days off work, “giveaways” and educational credits) was often clouded by the potential effects of other concomitant initiatives, and any possible associated improvements often disappeared rapidly after incentives were discontinued.ConclusionEducational and engineering strategies appear to be the interventions most often associated with improvements in reporting rates by HCPs, at least in the short to medium term. However, the evidence for sustained impact is weak. The available data were insufficient to clearly identify the separate impact of economic strategies. Further work is also needed to examine the effects of these strategies on reporting by patients, carers and the public.
Reducing land fragmentation to curb cropland abandonment: Evidence from rural China
Authors: Zheng Linyi , Su Liufang , Jin Songqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReducing land fragmentation can theoretically curb cropland abandonment, thus ensuring food security. However, few studies have quantified this relationship using large‐scale survey data at the household level. This study adopts a two‐way fixed‐effects (TWFE) model to examine the effect of land fragmentation on cropland abandonment using nationally representative panel data from the China Rural Household Panel Survey (CRHPS). The panel data set contains 15,138 households across 29 provinces in 2017 and 2019. We find that land fragmentation has a significant and positive relationship with cropland abandonment. The mechanism analysis reveals that this relationship is due to high labor costs and difficulties in renting out the fragmented land. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that farmers with poor human capital and those living in non‐plain areas are at a higher risk of abandoning their cropland due to land fragmentation. Furthermore, the association between land fragmentation and cropland abandonment tends to vary across different land rent‐in scenarios. For instance, an increase in the number of plots in the case of land rent‐in is not necessarily associated with cropland abandonment. These findings are conducive to correcting the underestimation of the role of land fragmentation in cropland abandonment, and their implications may be extended to various countries.
Baseline antipsychotic prescription and short‐term outcome indicators in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis: Findings from the Parma At‐Risk Mental States (PARMS) program
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Azzali Silvia , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pupo Simona , Poletti Michele , Raballo Andrea , Pellegrini Pietro , Menchetti Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe prognostic prediction of outcomes in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) is still a significant clinical challenge. Among multiple baseline variables of risk calculator models, the role of ongoing pharmacological medications has been partially neglected, despite meta‐analytical evidence of higher risk of psychosis transition associated with baseline prescription exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in CHR‐P individuals. The main aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that ongoing AP need at baseline indexes a subgroup of CHR‐P individuals with more severe psychopathology and worse prognostic trajectories along a 1‐year follow‐up period.MethodsThis research was settled within the ‘Parma At‐Risk Mental States’ program. Baseline and 1‐year follow‐up assessment included the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). CHR‐P individuals who were taking AP medications at entry were included in the CHR‐P‐AP+ subgroup. The remaining participants were grouped as CHR‐P‐AP‐.ResultsHundred and seventy‐eight CHR‐P individuals (aged 12–25 years) were enrolled (91 CHR‐P‐AP+, 87 CHR‐P‐AP‐). Compared to CHR‐P AP‐, CHR‐P AP+ individuals had older age, greater baseline PANSS ‘Positive Symptoms’ and ‘Negative Symptoms’ factor subscores and a lower GAF score. At the end of our follow‐up, CHR‐P‐AP+ subjects showed higher rates of psychosis transition, new hospitalizations and urgent/non‐planned visits compared to CHRP‐ AP‐ individuals.ConclusionsIn agreement with increasing empirical evidence, also the results of the current study suggest that AP need is a significant prognostic variable in cohorts of CHR‐P individuals and should be included in risk calculators.
An empirical hybridized Siamese network using hypercube natural aggregation algorithm for handling imbalance data learning
Authors: Rout Subhashree , Mallick Pradeep Kumar , Reddy Annapareddy V. N. , Alharbi Meshal , Alkhayyat Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDealing with imbalanced data is a common challenge in machine learning, where one class has significantly fewer examples than another. Successfully addressing this challenge requires careful consideration of the data, algorithm, and evaluation metrics to ensure that the model accurately predicts the minority class. In this study, we present a hybrid approach called Siamese‐HYNAA, which combines a Siamese network and a population‐based optimizer hypercube natural aggregation algorithm (HYNAA) to generate candidate solutions for augmenting the minority class. We collected 10 imbalanced datasets ranging from 1.81 to 8.78 imbalanced ratios and built solution pairs based on correctly predicted candidate solutions using support vector machine (SVM). We then fed these solutions to the Siamese network, which employs a one‐shot learning approach to improve predictions with fewer candidate solutions. However, we found that SVM predicted only a small number of minority class samples accurately, prompting us to optimize the number of candidate solution pairs using HYNAA to generate more synthetic samples for the Siamese network. We evaluated our proposed strategy against basic SMOTE and our previous work, SMOTE‐PSOEV, using various performance measures, including ROC‐AUC learning curves, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Characteristic stability index, balanced accuracy, F1‐score, informedness, markedness, and execution time. Our results indicate that Siamese‐HYNAA generates promising results for imbalanced data.
Comparing the marriage and dating decisions of Indian youths: A vignette study
Authors: Barman Jeshmeen Deb , Maheshwari Saurabh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study examines the differences in the decision‐making process involved in selecting marriage and dating partners. A vignette experiment was conducted on 76 university students. Participants were given scenarios to choose a marriage or dating partner for their friends by using the positive and negative qualities/attributes of the given options. The result showed that individuals took more time and provided more explanation in the case of marriage than dating decisions. They remembered more positive attributes of their choice and more negative attributes of the rejected options in the marriage scenario. The results are discussed using the systems approach of decision‐making.
Isotopic evidence of environmental changes during the Devonian–Carboniferous transition in South China and its implications for the biotic crisis
Authors: Cao Hansheng , Hu Liumei , Wang Zaiyun , He Wentong , Chen Fajin , Hou Qinghua , Chen Chunqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) transition coincides with the Hangenberg Crisis, carbon isotope anomalies, and the enhanced preservation of organic matter associated with marine redox fluctuations. The proposed driving factors for the biotic extinction include variations in the eustatic sea level, paleoclimate fluctuation, climatic conditions, redox conditions, and the configuration of ocean basins. To investigate this phenomenon and obtain information on the paleo‐ocean environment of different depositional facies, we studied a shallow‐water carbonate section developed in the periplatform slope facies on the southern margin of South China, which includes a well‐preserved succession spanning the D–C boundary. The integrated chemostratigraphic trends reveal distinct excursions in the isotopic compositions of bulk nitrogen, carbonate carbon, organic carbon, and total sulfur. A distinct negative δ15N excursion (~−3.1‰) is recorded throughout the Middle Si. praesulcata Zone and the Upper Si. praesulcata Zone, when the Hangenberg mass extinction occurred. We attribute the nitrogen cycle anomaly to enhanced microbial nitrogen fixation, which was likely a consequence of intensified seawater anoxia associated with increased denitrification, as well as upwelling of anoxic ammonium‐bearing waters. Negative excursions in the δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg values were identified in the Middle Si. praesulcata Zone and likely resulted from intense deep ocean upwelling that amplified nutrient fluxes and delivered 13C‐depleted anoxic water masses. Decreased δ34S values during the Middle Si. praesulcata Zone suggests an increasing contribution of water‐column sulfate reduction under euxinic conditions. Contributions of organic matter produced by anaerobic metabolisms to the deposition of shallow carbonate in the Upper Si. praesulcata Zone is recorded by the nadir of δ13Corg values associated with maximal △13C. The integrated δ15N‐δ13C‐δ34S data suggest that significant ocean‐redox variation was recorded in South China during the D–C transition; and that this prominent fluctuation was likely associated with intense upwelling of deep anoxic waters. The temporal synchrony between the development of euxinia/anoxia and the Hangenberg Event indicates that the redox oscillation was a key factor triggering manifestations of the biodiversity crisis.
Transcriptomic and immunophenotypic characterization of two cases of adamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Chatzopoulos Kyriakos , Davila Jaime I. , Fadra Numrah , Jackson Rory A. , Minn Kay T. , Sotiriou Sotiris , Oliveira Andre M. , Erickson Lori A. , Halling Kevin C. , Rumilla Kandelaria M. , Rivera Michael 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAdamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a rare aggressive malignancy occasionally diagnosed in the thyroid gland. ALES shows basaloid cytomorphology, expresses keratins, p63, p40, frequently CD99, and harbours the t(11;22) EWSR1::FLI1 translocation. There is debate on whether ALES resembles more sarcoma or carcinoma.MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing from two ALES cases and compared findings with skeletal Ewing's sarcomas and nonneoplastic thyroid tissue. ALES was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and immunohistochemistry for the following antigens: keratin 7, keratin 20, keratin 5, keratins (AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2), CD45, CD20, CD5, CD99, chromogranin, synaptophysin, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, PAX8, TTF1, S100, p40, p63, p16, NUT, desmin, ER, FLI1, INI1, and myogenin.ResultsAn uncommon EWSR1::FLI transcript with retained EWSR1 exon 8 was detected in both ALES cases. Regulators of EWSR1::FLI1 splicing (HNRNPH1, SUPT6H, SF3B1) necessary for production of a functional fusion oncoprotein, as well as 53 genes (including TNNT1, NKX2.2) activated downstream to the EWSR1::FLI1 cascade, were overexpressed. Eighty‐six genes were uniquely overexpressed in ALES, most of which were related to squamous differentiation. Immunohistochemically, ALES strongly expressed keratins 5, AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2, p63, p40, p16, and focally CD99. INI1 was retained. The remaining immunostains and HPV DNA ISH were negative.ConclusionComparative transcriptomic profiling reveals overlapping features of ALES with skeletal Ewing's sarcoma and an epithelial carcinoma, as evidenced by immunohistochemical expression of keratin 5, p63, p40, CD99, the transcriptome profile, and detection of EWSR1::FLI1 fusion transcript by RNA sequencing.
Removing non‐crop flowers within orchards promotes the decline of pollinators, not their conservation: A comment on McDougall et al. (2021)
Authors: Nabaes Jodar Diego N. , Pérez‐Méndez Néstor , Botías Cristina , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Hunicken Pablo L. , Velado‐Alonso Elena , Zaragoza‐Trello Carlos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Abundant and diverse floral resources are needed for the preservation of pollinator populations and the services they provide to human societies. However, pollinators are negatively affected by several agricultural practices, among which pesticide use and ‘weed’ removal stand out.
McDougall et al. (2021) published a paper titled ‘Managing orchard groundcover to reduce pollinator foraging post‐bloom’, where they propose removing the within‐field flowering ground vegetation after the mass flowering period of the crop ends, to reduce pesticide exposure.
They consider this is a bee conservation strategy, after observing it reduces the abundance and diversity of pollinators within the crop. However, despite assuming this implied a realisation of an expected reduction in pesticide exposure, this was not quantified.
Here, we give three main arguments against the proposal of the authors, that is, the need for providing accessible, sufficient, safe and seasonally‐spread feeding resources to crop pollinators, the potential role of diverse floral resources in their pesticide tolerance, and the urgent need to reduce pesticide use and impact in agriculture.
Incidence of ventricular arrhythmias related to COVID infection and vaccination in patients with Brugada syndrome: Insights from a large Italian multicenter registry based on continuous rhythm monitoring
Authors: Casella Michela , Conti Sergio , Compagnucci Paolo , Ribatti Valentina , Narducci Maria Lucia , Marcon Lorenzo , Massara Francesca , Valeri Yari , De Francesco Luca , Martino Anna Maria , Ghiglieno Chiara , Schiavone Marco , Balla Cristina , Dell'Era Gabriele , Pelargonio Gemma , Forleo Giovanni Battista , Iacopino Saverio , Sgarito Giuseppe , Calò Leonardo , Tondo Claudio , Russo Antonio Dello , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionBrugada syndrome (BrS) has a dynamic ECG pattern that might be revealed by certain conditions such as fever. We evaluated the incidence and management of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) related to COVID‐19 infection and vaccination among BrS patients carriers of an implantable loop recorder (ILR) or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) and followed by remote monitoring.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study. Patients were carriers of devices with remote monitoring follow‐up. We recorded VAs 6 months before COVID‐19 infection or vaccination, during infection, at each vaccination, and up to 6‐month post‐COVID‐19 or 1 month after the last vaccination. In ICD carriers, we documented any device intervention.ResultsWe included 326 patients, 202 with an ICD and 124 with an ILR. One hundred and nine patients (33.4%) had COVID‐19, 55% of whom developed fever. Hospitalization rate due to COVID‐19 infection was 2.76%. After infection, we recorded only two ventricular tachycardias (VTs). After the first, second, and third vaccines, the incidence of non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) was 1.5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. The incidence of VT was 1% after the second dose. Six‐month post‐COVID‐19 healing or 1 month after the last vaccine, we documented NSVT in 3.4%, VT in 0.5%, and ventricular fibrillation in 0.5% of patients. Overall, one patient received anti‐tachycardia pacing and one a shock. ILR carriers had no VAs. No differences were found in VT before and after infection and before and after each vaccination.ConclusionsFrom this large multicenter study conducted in BrS patients, followed by remote monitoring, the overall incidence of sustained VAs after COVID‐19 infection and vaccination is relatively low.
Deficiency of Tregs in hypertension‐associated left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Tang Ying , Shen Li , Bao Jing‐hui , Xu Dan‐Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common target organ damage in hypertension. Abnormal numbers or functions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) can cause immune disorders, which participates in LVH. This study aimed to explore the role of Tregs in LVH by investigating circulating Tregs and associated cytokine levels in hypertensive patients with or without LVH. Blood samples were collected from 83 hypertensive patients without LVH (essential hypertension group, EH), 91 hypertensive patients with LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy group, LVH), and 69 normotensive controls without LVH (control group, CG). Tregs and cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. We found that circulating Tregs were significantly lower in hypertensive patients than in CG subjects. It was lower in LVH than in EH patients. No correlation between blood pressure regulation and Tregs was found in EH or LVH patients. Furthermore, Tregs in older females were lower than those in older males among LVH patients. Additionally, serum interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) decreased in hypertensive patients, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) increased in LVH patients. Tregs were negatively correlated with creatine kinase, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein B, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) values. In general, our study demonstrates significantly decreased circulating Tregs in hypertensive LVH patients. Decreased circulating Tregs in LVH is independent of blood pressure regulation. IL‐6, IL‐10, and TGF‐β1 are related with LVH in hypertension.
In vitro biosafety and bioactivity assessment of the goat milk protein derived hydrolysates peptides
Authors: Sansi Manish Singh , Iram Daraksha , Vij Shilpa , Kapila Suman , Meena Sunita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGoat milk and protein hydrolysate peptides have generated significant interest due to their diverse range of biological functions. To produce these peptides, casein (CP), and whey proteins (WP) were partially purified from goat milk and subsequently hydrolyzed with gastrointestinal endopeptidases such as pepsin, trypsin, and α‐chymotrypsin based on in silico selection to achieve gastrointestinal stable peptides. The hydrolysates were characterized using various techniques, including zeta sizer, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). The resulting peptides were then purified using RP‐HPLC. To assess cytotoxicity, an MTT (3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed with fluorescence microscopy. Finally, cytokine levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In comparison to WP and CP, the casein protein hydrolysates (CPH) and whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) peptides average particle size and PDI were decreased. The zeta potential of casein and whey peptides hydrolysates there were no differences. The RP‐HPLC analysis revealed the production of peptides through the hydrolysis of CP and WP. These hydrolysates peptides were found to possess diverse biological activities, as evidenced by their significant inhibition of α‐amylase, pancreatic lipase (PL), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), as well as their antibacterial properties against selected pathogens. Further investigations were carried out to understand the mode of action of these peptides using fluorescence and scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopy. This study provides the first evidence of gastrointestinal stable peptides derived from goat milk with inhibitory activity against α‐amylase, PL, and ACE, as well as antibacterial properties against specific pathogens. Additionally, the peptides demonstrated significant cytokine inhibition and low toxicity toward the HT‐29 cell line. This study strongly suggests that the biologically active peptides responsible for the health‐related bioactive properties described here, which are considered functional and nutraceutical ingredients, should be identified and validated in subsequent research, particularly the most effective hydrolysate peptides derived from goat milk protein. Goat milk is widely recognized as an excellent source of milk protein. In this study, bioactive peptides were produced using casein and whey proteins from goat milk, which exhibited inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme, α‐amylase, and pancreatic lipase, as well as antibacterial properties. Goat milk protein is a promising source for developing high‐quality protein products with excellent safety standards that have potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Machine learning functional impairment classification with electronic health record data
Authors: Pavon Juliessa M. , Previll Laura , Woo Myung , Henao Ricardo , Solomon Mary , Rogers Ursula , Olson Andrew , Fischer Jonathan , Leo Christopher , Fillenbaum Gerda , Hoenig Helen , Casarett David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor functional status is a key marker of morbidity, yet is not routinely captured in clinical encounters. We developed and evaluated the accuracy of a machine learning algorithm that leveraged electronic health record (EHR) data to provide a scalable process for identification of functional impairment.MethodsWe identified a cohort of patients with an electronically captured screening measure of functional status (Older Americans Resources and Services ADL/IADL) between 2018 and 2020 (N = 6484). Patients were classified using unsupervised learning K means and t‐distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding into normal function (NF), mild to moderate functional impairment (MFI), and severe functional impairment (SFI) states. Using 11 EHR clinical variable domains (832 variable input features), we trained an Extreme Gradient Boosting supervised machine learning algorithm to distinguish functional status states, and measured prediction accuracies. Data were randomly split into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. The SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) feature importance analysis was used to list the EHR features in rank order of their contribution to the outcome.ResultsMedian age was 75.3 years, 62% female, 60% White. Patients were classified as 53% NF (n = 3453), 30% MFI (n = 1947), and 17% SFI (n = 1084). Summary of model performance for identifying functional status state (NF, MFI, SFI) was AUROC (area under the receiving operating characteristic curve) 0.92, 0.89, and 0.87, respectively. Age, falls, hospitalization, home health use, labs (e.g., albumin), comorbidities (e.g., dementia, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic pain), and social determinants of health (e.g., alcohol use) were highly ranked features in predicting functional status states.ConclusionA machine learning algorithm run on EHR clinical data has potential utility for differentiating functional status in the clinical setting. Through further validation and refinement, such algorithms can complement traditional screening methods and result in a population‐based strategy for identifying patients with poor functional status who need additional health resources.