bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk-Based Maintenance of Lock Gates Based on Multiple Critical Welded Joints
Authors: Van Dang Thuong , Rigo Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn many countries, inland waterway transport plays a significant role in the overall transport system. Navigation locks and dams are critical for inland waterways which regulate water and allow vessels to navigate. These infrastructures normally utilize large hydraulic steel structures, which are primarily of welded steel structures. Many of the critical welded joints of navigation lock gates have been in service for decades and are experiencing varying degrees of deterioration, mainly from fatigue. Inspection and maintenance of lock gates are expensive, generally requiring the complete closure of locks. Therefore, innovative strategies for the inspection and maintenance of lock gates are required. Fatigue cracks reflect the inherently poor fatigue performance of welded joints. Due to the cyclic loading nature of lock gates the fatigue of critical details requires assessment methods based on the reliability methods. Risk-based inspection planning are used for marine structures but seldom applied to inland navigation lock gates. This paper presents methods to update the failure probability of welded joints considering crack inspection data by using Dynamic Bayesian Network. Optimal inspection and repair plans can be evaluated by risk analysis, combining failure probabilities and associated expected costs for different events. In this study, a numerical example of the procedure of risk-based maintenance of a lock gate based on multiple critical welded joints is described. This reference case is a lock gate fabricated with five critical welded joints corresponding to different equivalent stress ranges. The conclusion is that risk-based maintenance of lock gates based on the optimization of the total expected cost is recommended.
Study on Design of Ship Lift Auxiliary Lock Water Filling/Emptying System and Operation Mode of Lock Gate
Authors: Zhao Xican , Guo Chao , Wang Lei , Li Zhonghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe docking between ship lift chamber and upstream/downstream is an important link in the whole process of ship lift operation. The wave and flow movement generated by the hub operating downstream can easily lead to the failure of ship lift docking or ship grounding. To deal with the problem of large amplitude and high frequency of water level fluctuations downstream of Baise ship lift, an auxiliary lock is set up at the lower lock head of the ship lift. The extreme lift height of Baise auxiliary lock is 5.64 m with a two-way hydraulic head, and the size of the chamber is large, therefore it is faced with the problems of water filling/emptying efficiency and ship navigation safety. In this paper, a kind of water F/E system combining water filling under the gate and grid energy dissipation type is designed, and a scale of 1:30 Baise auxiliary lock chamber physical model and three-dimensional mathematical model are established. The berthing conditions of ships in the auxiliary lock under different water level variations and lock gate operation modes are analyzed. Besides the hydraulic characteristics of the lock filling/emptying system are measured. The operation mode of lock gate under different water level variations is recommended.
Study on the Operation Safety Evaluation System of Ship Lock Combined with Variation Coefficient Method and Matter-Element Extension Method
Authors: Li Junman , Hu Yaan , Wang Xin , Diao Mingjun , Diao Mingjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShip lock is the most widely used, the most promising and the most important type of navigation structure in the world at present. It is extremely necessary to evaluate the operation safety of ship lock in service, which has great social and economic benefits. The construction of safety evaluation system is the key step of safety evaluation of ship lock operation. Based on this, this paper systematically studies the evaluation system of ship lock operation safety, including indicator system, weighting method and evaluation model. The main work and conclusions are as follows: Firstly, a multi-indicator hierarchical indicator system including five first-class indicators and forty-seven second-class indicators for the safety evaluation of ship lock operation is established, and four safety evaluation grades of normal, deterioration, early warning and shutdown are divided. Secondly, the process and model of ship lock operation safety evaluation based on extension theory are put forward. Finally, the evaluation result shows that operation safety grade of ship lock belongs to the first grade – normal state, it is consistent with actual situation, indicating that the evaluation system is reliable. At the same time, the method can also be applied to other fields such as dam health evaluation, dam aging evaluation and rock mass quality evaluation, which provides a basis for safety evaluation.
Study on the Mechanism of Water Loss and Capsizing of Multi - point Suspension Ship Lift
Authors: Chen Lin , Hu Yaan , Li Zhonghua , Guo Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stability of ship lift chamber operation has always been the key factor restricting the development of ship lift, which has not been well solved for a long time. With the development of upsizing of ships, the super-huge fully balanced ship lift with hoisting steel wire rope over 10000–15000 t is the development trend in the future. The mechanism of water loss and capsizing of multi-point ship lift is the most key scientific problem, and the most core technical problem is the layout and operation control of ship lift system. A generalized physical model of ship lift with the model scale of 1:33 was established to study the influence of multiple factors on water loss stability of ship chamber, such as gravity counterweight/torque counterweight ratio, water leakage flow, the position of suspension points among the chamber, quantity of the suspension points, and so on. Secondly, the structural dynamics equations of hoisting system is deduced in detail, considering the water fluctuation in the process of water loss caused by longitudinal capsizing moment influence on balance system, and research on the transient dynamic characteristics of hoisting system of the filtration process, determine the ship chamber conditions of stability for the trim through the Lyapunov stability criterion. The optimization calculation model of ship lift mechanical suspension system layout under the action of multiple constraints was established, and the effective measures will be given to improve the pitch stability. The results can provide technical guidance for the upsizing of ship lifters.
Study on the Unsteady Flow of the Approach Channel’s Entrance
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Xu Jinchao , Zhu Long , Zhou Donghui , Zhao Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe entrance of shiplock’s approach channel always exist a mixing shear layer caused by the shear mixing layer, where is the junction of main river flow and the quiescent water of the approach channel. The flow structure of the turbulent mixing area presented as large-scale vortices frequently and periodically. And the fluctuations of the water surface and velocity induced by the separation of vortices may threat the navigation conditions, which should be considered during the engineering designing. The existing studies regard the mixing shear layer as steady flow and only take care of the average shear velocity, which may underestimate the harm of the shear flow. In this work, RNG k-ε model and LES model were adoped to study the hydraulic characteristics of the entrance. The vortex characteristics and the influence on the water level and velocity were analyzed. Results shown that LES model had better precision than RNG k-ε model in the unsteady characteristics. Then further studies about the recirculation flow were performed with LES model, The length and period of the recirculation flow was studied. It found that the vortex was generated at the upstream of shear zone, and then transferred with the recirculate flow until it was collapsed. All the above provide references for hydraulic characteristics of the entrance.
The Approach of Lock Hydraulic System Selection Based on Multiple Factors
Authors: Li Zhonghua , Xuan Guoxiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are many types of navigation lock filling and emptying systems, how to choose the appropriate hydraulic system is the key issues in the design of navigation lock. At present, there is no unified method and standard for the decision of the navigation lock filling and emptying system. In Chinese design codes, the traditional way to choose the lock hydraulic system types is based on the m coefficient which is related with the lock lift height (H) and leveling time(T). The influence of dimension of lock chamber is ignored in the method, including the length, width and initial water depth etc. which makes it difficult to choose an accurate and reasonable F/E system. In this paper, according to the energy dissipation mechanism of the filling and emptying system, combined with the influences of water head, filling and emptying time, chamber dimension and initial water depth, except the traditional discrimination index m, two dimensionless indexes mL and mC are introduced, which respectively represent the energy that needs to be eliminated in the horizontal, vertical and horizontal unit area of the F/E system. And the lock hydraulic system is classified into 7 categories based on the layout and energy dissipation characteristics of F/E system. The decision indexes of over 100 navigation locks with different characters are counted, then the relationship between the indexes and 7 lock hydraulic system categories is established using gray system theory. Finally, using the filling and emptying system selection method, the filling and emptying system of 13 typical ship locks are calculated and compared with the industry codes. The results show that this method quantifies the filling and emptying system selection process; the filling and emptying system selected by this method has high accuracy and good practical value.
The Finite Element Analysis of Dislocated Lock Heads in Double-Lane Ship Lock
Authors: Niu Zhiguo , Wang Yali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to investigate the mechanical characteristics of dislocated lock heads, a three-dimensional finite element model of dislocated lock heads in double-lane ship lock was established, then the interaction between two middle piers was researched by the mixed finite element method, the influence of the new layout pattern on stress and deformation of lock heads was studied. The results showed this new pattern had little effect on structural stress, but it had obvious influence on subsidence and foundation reaction force of two middle piers. The anti-slide safety factor of transverse stability in design flood was smaller, this working condition was controllability in design.
The Type and Layout of the Lock Gate and the Scheduling for the Babao Lock on the Estuary with Strong Tidal Bore
Authors: Jin Guoqiang , Li Zhejiang , Shi Yingbiao , Zhai Jiming , Ye Runchen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe unique tidal bore of Qiantang River is called “the first tidal bore in the world”. The outlet of Hangzhou Babao lock of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is located in the strong tidal bore area of Qiantang River estuary. This paper focuses on the characteristics of Qiantang River tidal bore, the selection of lock gates under the action of strong tidal bore, and the navigation safety control mechanism of lock. The results show that during the spring tide period, the maximum height of the head of tidal bore at Babao lock of Qiantang River can reach 2.5 m, and the maximum tidal bore pressure on the front of the lock can reach 90–100 kPa. In order to ensure the safe operation of ship lock, the design put forward for the Qiantang river side lock head adopts the miter gates and tidal gate combination plan, namely to put a flat gate on the outside of miter gate, with gate mouth 23 m wide and height of 13 m, to withstand the enormous impact of tidal bore in a large tide by closing the tide gate before the arrival of the tide and opening the tide gate afterward, while only using the miter gate as the lock operation gate the rest of the time during which there are no tidal surges. According to the patterns of tidal bore propagation, the intelligent prediction and early warning mechanism of tidal bore, the operation rules, and the automatic control system of miter gate and tide gate are studied and established to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the lock.
Transverse Mooring Forces Due to Asymmetrical Filling in a Lock with Longitudinal Culverts and Side Ports
Authors: Savary C. , Bertin B. , Lenaerts M. , El Ouamari I. , Bousmar D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn lock design, several geometries are proposed for the levelling system with the aim of insuring a smooth and fast levelling operation. For high and medium lift lock, longitudinal culverts with side ports located in the lock walls are often chosen because this system distribute the flow along the entire length of the lock chamber. Nevertheless, when one of the culvert (valve) is out of order, the flow is asymmetrical what induced significant transverse mooring forces, especially during filling operations.Field measurement on such a lock (225 m long, 25 m wide and 13.5 m lift) demonstrated transverse water slopes significantly larger than the admissible criteria during asymmetrical filling operation. Further investigations on a physical scale model highlighted the driving effect of the side port jets on the rolling flow. Detailed measurements were performed on the scale model covering: (1) water surface slope; (2) transverse velocity distribution; (3) transverse mooring forces and rolling angle of a vessel located in the lock chamber. It was concluded that the size of the outlets of the side ports has a major impact on the transverse forces. For smaller outlets at a given discharge, the flow velocity increases and more impulse is transferred to the rolling flow, resulting in larger forces on the vessel.
Turbulent Flow Simulation of Bridge Piers and Navigation Safety of Ships in Curved River Sections with Variable Water Level
Authors: Tan Zhirong , Xing Gang , Gao Xing , Cui Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSome of the bridges across the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are in the curved section, and the collision prevention of bridges is a hot issue in the current industry. The system of ships sailing across bridges is a complex system in the discipline of transportation engineering. It is affected by ship conditions, channel conditions, meteorology and hydrology, navigation management and human factors. In order to grasp the influence of turbulent flow near the piers of bridges in curved river sections and oblique flow during variable water level periods on ships crossing bridges, it is necessary to carry out numerical simulation analysis. Methods: By establishing a simple physical model of the water area of the bridge pier, the turbulent flow field of the bridge pier was simulated in two dimensions by Fluent software. Then the turbulent flow characteristics of the single pier and the tandem double pier were compared, and the flow velocity on the upstream side of the bridge pier was used as a parameter to carry out numerical simulation. Finally, the flow-induced drift of the ship is quantitatively calculated in combination with the flow velocity. Conclusion: The two-dimensional simulation confirms that the turbulent width of the bridge pier increases with the increase of the flow velocity. The turbulent width of the tandem double pier is larger than that of the single pier, but the vorticity extending downstream is smaller than that of the single pier. The deflection moment and flow-induced drift of the ship crossing the bridge confirm the risk of ship collision. It is necessary to add a multi-function navigation mark to collect water flow parameters in time, and introduce LED visual navigation in the bridge area to improve the reliability of ship navigation in the bridge area of the curved river section.
A Study on Key Technologies for the Joint Scheduling and Control of Multi-level and Multi-line Ship Lock Groups
Authors: Ning Wu , Ye Hantao , Lin Ning , Mo Zhenyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper aims at the scattered management system, low service level, multi-level and multi-line ship locks caused by the numerous ship locks in Guangxi and they belong to different owners. For outstanding problems such as lack of scheduling theory and methods, and weak security and intelligent management and control capabilities, the top-level design of the joint scheduling of multi-stage and multi-line ship lock groups in the basin is carried out, and the joint scheduling technology of parallel four-line ship lock groups with different scales and levels under complex navigation restrictions is carried out. Research and development of key technologies for intelligent scheduling platform for line ship lock groups, key technology research on management and control safety in multi-level and multi-line ship lock clusters, and research on joint dispatch model and dispatch theory and methods for busy multi-level ship lock groups, so as to realize joint dispatch and centralized management and control of watershed ship lock groups. The overall navigation efficiency of the basin will be greatly improved, and it will provide a reference for the innovation of the navigation management mode of the ship lock group in the basin.
A Web-Based Regional Economic Simulation Tool for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Civil Works Programs
Authors: Chang Wen-Huei , Abou-El-Seoud Dena , Knight Kevin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is one of the world’s largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies. The major Civil Works (CW) mission areas include navigation, flood risk management, hydropower, ecosystem restoration, coastal storm damage reduction, hydropower, water supply and recreation. To capture the regional economic benefits of water infrastructure and programs, the USACE Institute for Water Resources (IWR) developed the Regional ECONomic System (RECONS). RECONS estimates short-term and long-term economic activity resulting from federal investments within CW mission areas. Estimates of economic activity are measured as industry output, employment, labor income and value added and are provided for three levels of geography: local, state, and national. This information supports federal investment decisions and stakeholder communication. USACE’s navigation mission alone services 41 states. USACE operates and maintains 25,000 miles of waterways and 236 lock chambers for commerce. Short-term economic activity is attributed to federal spending on infrastructures and operations and maintenance (e.g., spending to replace a lock) while long-term economic activity is supported by infrastructure users (e.g., lock utilization by shippers). RECONS facilitates widespread application of input-output (I-O) analysis through a user-friendly, web-based simulation tool customized for CW mission areas. RECONS enables users to conduct valid and consistent economic impact analyses without the degree of knowledge required by comprehensive I-O models. As a result, over 200 USACE economists have used RECONS to conduct hundreds of analyses each year. This paper describes RECONS’ capabilities and applications, and its implications for federal decision-making regarding investments in inland navigation infrastructure.
AIRIS-PS Project in the Port of Seville and in the Guadalquivir Waterway. Results of the Project Completed
Authors: García Rodrigo , Pulido Angel , Navarro Isabel , Pascual Xavier , Willems Cas , Yanes Alicia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe AIRIS-PS project has been a project financed by the European Commission within the funding instrument of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) for Transport under the priority of River Information Services. The objective of the priority has been to implement the River Information Services in the Port of Seville and in the Guadalquivir harmonized with the practices applied In the European Inland Waterway Network. River Information Services and Systems have been designed to provide support to improve traffic and transport management and enhance operational procedures. RIS contribute in an essential way to the improved competitiveness of waterborne transport in the supply chain. In this sense, the AIRIS-PS project is considered as a key project for the improvement of the accessibility and capacity of the river access to the Port of Seville. River Information Services lead to the increase of transport to the Port of Seville not only allowing the increase of number of ships calling for Seville but also bigger vessels access.
Experimental Study on Flow Characteristics Around a Submerged Half-Buried Pipeline
Authors: Yao Zishun , Shi Lidi , Xie Shoupeng , Li Peng , Guan Dawei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the flow characteristics around a half-buried pipeline exposed to different current conditions by flume experiment. Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technique was used in the experiment to reveal the flow structure. The experiment results indicate that the hydrodynamic parameters, including average kinetic energy, vorticities, Reynolds shear stress, and kinetic turbulence energy, increased with the Renolds numbers. Furthermore, it is found that the vortex at the upstream side of the half-buried pipeline vanishes gradually with increasing Renolds numbers. However, the two vortices at the locations downstream of the half-buried pipeline exist all the time, in which the vortex closed to the downstream of the pipeline becomes unstable, the vortex at the pipeline wake remains unchanged. In the meantime, the turbulence intensity at the upstream side of the half-buried pipe near the bed surface strengthens significantly under Reynolds number conditions, which may accelerate the potential scour process in front of the pipeline.
Aids to Navigation Improvement to Optimize Ship Navigation
Authors: Redondo Raúl , Atienza Raúl , Pecharroman Lourdes , Pires Leandro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAids to navigation are established to assist vessels in the navigation with special importance in narrow channels, rivers, or areas with special dangers to navigation. Whether the design of the aids to navigation (AtoN) system is optimum depends on ship positioning, which is affected by several factors: waterway geometry, metocean conditions, design ship, pilotage, and the AtoN themselves, being a crucial part of the design of a waterway.Optimizing the type of signals and the distance between them allows, not only for safer navigation, but to expand the limits of the waterway by assisting larger vessels to move safely along the waterway, as well as to minimize dredging costs and dredging area by optimizing simultaneously the design of both: the waterway and the Aids to Navigation. An equilibrium is required between the investment and maintenance costs, and therefore, this combined assessment and optimization allows to finally get both, technically and economically feasible projects without detriments on the safety of the waterway.The use of fast time manoeuvring models and Real Time Simulations allows to check and verify the optimization and improvements in the waterway and in the aids to navigation system. Real Time Simulators and manoeuvring sessions are the perfect place for all stakeholders (Port Authorities, Pilots, Harbour Masters, waterway designers, shipowners, …) to interact, discuss, evaluate, and agree on the best option for the improvement of navigation conditions while preserving the safety of the operations, as it allows to verify the effectiveness of the improvements before implementing them in the reality.