bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2-rich protoplanetary discs as a probe of dust radial drift and trapping
Authors: Sellek Andrew D. , Vlasblom Marissa , van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Mid-infrared spectra indicate considerable chemical diversity in the inner regions of protoplanetary discs, with some being H2O-dominated and others CO2-dominated. Sublimating ices from radially drifting dust grains are often invoked to explain some of this diversity, particularly with regards to H2O-rich discs.
Aims. We model the contribution made by radially drifting dust grains to the chemical diversity of the inner regions of protoplanetary discs. These grains transport ices – including those of H2O and CO2 – inwards to snow lines, thus redistributing the molecular content of the disc. As radial drift can be impeded by dust trapping in pressure maxima, we also explore the difference between smooth discs and those with dust traps due to gas gaps, quantifying the effects of gap location and formation time.
Methods. We used a 1D protoplanetary disc evolution code to model the chemical evolution of the inner disc resulting from gas viscous evolution and dust radial drift. We post-processed these models to produce synthetic spectra, which we analyse with 0D LTE slab models to understand how this evolution may be expressed observationally.
Results. Discs evolve through an initial H2O-rich phase as a result of sublimating ices, followed by a CO2 -rich phase as H2O vapour is advected onto the star and CO2 is advected into the inner disc from its snow line. The introduction of traps hastens the transition between the phases, temporarily raising the CO2/H2O ratio. However, whether or not this evolution can be traced in observations depends on the contribution of dust grains to the optical depth. If the dust grains become coupled to the gas after crossing the H2O snow line – for example if bare grains fragment more easily than icy grains – then the dust that delivers the H2O adds to the continuum optical depth and obscures the H2O, preventing any evolution in its visible column density. However, the CO2/H2O visible column density ratio is only weakly sensitive to assumptions about the dust continuum obscuration, making it a more suitable tracer of the impact of transport on chemistry than either individual column density. This can be investigated with spectra that show weak features that probe deep enough into the disc. The least effective gaps are those that open close to the star on timescales competitive with dust growth and drift as they block too much CO2; gaps opened later or further out lead to higher CO2/H2O. This leads to a potential correlation between CO2/H2O and gap location that occurs on million-year timescales for fiducial parameters.
Conclusions. Radial drift, especially when combined with dust trapping, produces CO2 -rich discs on timescales longer than the viscous timescale at the H2O snow line (while creating H2O-rich discs at earlier times). Population analyses of the relationship between observed inner disc spectra and large-scale disc structure are needed to test the predicted role of traps.
A blob method for mean field control with terminal constraints
Authors: Craig Katy , Elamvazhuthi Karthik , Lee Harlin 
Published: January 2025

We develop a novel particle method for a general class of mean field control problems, with source and terminal constraints. Specific examples include the dynamic formulation of the 𝑝-Wasserstein metric, optimal transport around an obstacle, and measure transport subject to acceleration controls. Unlike existing numerical approaches, our particle method is meshfree and does not require global knowledge of an underlying cost function or of the terminal constraint. A key feature of our approach is a novel way of enforcing the terminal constraint via a soft, nonlocal approximation, inspired by recent work on blob methods for diffusion equations. We prove convergence of our particle approximation to solutions of the continuum mean-field control problem in the sense of Γ-convergence. A byproduct of our result is an extension of existing discrete-to-continuum convergence results for mean field control problems to more general state and measure costs, as arise when modeling transport around obstacles, and more general constraint sets, including controllable linear time invariant systems. We conclude by implementing our method numerically for the example problems discussed above. We conduct a detailed numerical investigation of the convergence properties of our method, as well as behavior in sampling applications and for approximation of optimal transport maps.
Mid-infrared detection device using magnetite substrates deposited by radio frequency sputtering method
Authors: Iwasaki Kazuma , Abe Seishi , Tanabe Tadao 
Published: January 2025

We investigated the use of magnetite, a type of iron oxide with low environmental impact, as a mid-infrared detector. Mid-infrared rays with a wavelength of 10.6 μm were irradiated to magnetite thin films at regular intervals using a chopper, and changes in electrical resistance were recorded. For comparison, thin films comprising platinum (Pt) nanoparticles dispersed in magnetite were prepared and evaluated in the same way. The results showed that the average decrease in electrical resistance of magnetite corresponding to the mid-infrared irradiation period was 3.50 a.u., the average response time was 0.12 s, and the signal-to-noise ratio was 2.25. Therefore, magnetite can be used as a mid-infrared detector. Magnetite with Pt nanoparticles exhibited a two-orders-of-magnitude decrease in electrical resistance compared to that without Pt nanoparticles. This contributes to lower device power consumption. Its sensitivity is comparable to that of magnetite without Pt nanoparticles, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.66. Based on our results, magnetite could contribute to the realization and widespread use of mid-infrared sensors with low environmental impact in the future.
The use of Mahad leaf pellet feed affects the fermentation process and rumen micro-biota in beef cattle
Authors: Norrapoke Thitima , Pongjongmit Tanitpan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The study’s objective was to assess how Mahad leaf pellet feed affected the microbial ecology and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. Using a 4×4 Latin square design, 4 Brahman crossbred heifers weighing 250 ± 40 kg (1–1.5 years old) were randomly allocated to each of the following treatments: The powder for concentration in the experiment following: (1) Control (0 g concentrate powder), (2) 50 g concentrate powder, (3) 100 g concentrate powder, and (4) 150 g concentrate powder. The cows received ad libitum rice straw and concentrate at 1% BW. None of the treatments affected ruminal temperature, NH
3
-N, microbial protein production, or pH. Hematocrit (Hct) and blood urea N were unaffected by the addition of Mahad leaf pellet feed. On the other hand, the addition of Mahad leaf pellet feed to the diet led to a linear reduction in the ruminal concentration of acetic acid (P = 0.01) and an increase in the ruminal concentration of propionic acid (P = 0.02). We projected a decrease in ruminal CH
4
production (P = 0.02) as the amount of Mahad leaf pellet feed in the diet increased. The addition of Mahad leaf pellet feed to the diet resulted in a linear decrease in the protozoal population (P = 0.01) as the amount increased. According to the current study, Mahad leaf pellet feed alters ruminal fermentation by reducing the acetate-to-propionate ratio and estimating the amount of CH
3
produced. It has no influence on ruminal pH, microbial synthesis or blood parameters. Decreases in the ruminal protozoa may account for some of the changes in ruminal fermentation parameters. The ideal level for animal feed supplementation is 150 g of the total ration, as supplementing beyond 150 g of the concentrate portion did not significantly enhance these beneficial effects.
Gravitational radiation reaction for compact binary systems at the fourth-and-a-half post-Newtonian order
Authors: Blanchet Luc , Faye Guillaume , Trestini David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We compute the gravitational radiation-reaction force on a compact binary source at the fourth-and-a-half post-Newtonian (4.5PN) order of general relativity, i.e., 2PN order beyond the leading 2.5PN radiation reaction. The calculation is valid for general orbits in a general frame, but in a particular coordinate system which is an extension of the Burke-Thorne coordinate system at the lowest order. With the radiation-reaction acceleration, we derive (from first principles) the flux-balance laws associated with the energy, the angular and linear momenta, and the center-of-mass position, in a general frame and up to 4.5PN order. Restricting our attention to the frame of the center of mass, we point out that the equations of motion acquire a non-local-in-time contribution at the 4.5PN order, made of the integrated flux of linear momentum (responsible for the recoil of the source) together with the instantaneous flux of center-of-mass position. The non-local contribution was overlooked in the past literature, which assumed locality of the radiation-reaction force in the center of mass frame at 4.5PN order. We discuss the consequences of this non-local effect and obtain consistent non-local equations of motion and flux balance laws at 4.5PN order in the center-of-mass frame.
Recent advancements in atomic many-body methods for high-precision studies of isotope shifts
Authors: Sahoo B K , Blundell S , Oleynichenko A V , Garcia Ruiz R F , Skripnikov L V , Ohayon B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The development of atomic many-body methods, capable of incorporating electron correlation effects accurately, is required for isotope shift (IS) studies. In combination with precise measurements, such calculations help to extract nuclear charge radii differences, and to probe for signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. We review here a few recently-developed methods in the relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) and relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) theory frameworks for calculations of IS factors in the highly charged ions (HCIs), and neutral or singly-charged ions, respectively. The results are presented for a wide range of atomic systems in order to demonstrate the interplay between quantum electrodynamics (QED) and electron correlation effects. In view of this, we start our discussions with the RMBPT calculations for a few HCIs by rigorously treating QED effects; then we outline methods to calculate IS factors in the one-valence atomic systems using two formulations of the RCC approach. Then we present calculations for two valence atomic systems, by employing the Fock-space RCC methods. For completeness, we briefly discuss theoretical input required for the upcoming experiments, their possibilities to probe nuclear properties and implications to fundamental physics studies.
Comparative effects of direct plasma treatment and plasma-activated media on B16F10 cancer cells using a multipoint surface dielectric barrier discharge system
Authors: Lima Luan G , Marcondes Michaela Shiotani , Azevedo Neto Nilton F , Queiroz Rafaela C , Tada Dayane B , Junior Clodomiro Alves , Pessoa Rodrigo S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating novel, effective, and selective therapies. Cold atmospheric plasma generates reactive species that can selectively kill tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue. We developed a multipoint surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma system capable of simultaneously treating all wells in a 24-well plate, enhancing experimental throughput and consistency. We investigated both direct plasma treatment and indirect effects via plasma-activated media (PAM) on the viability of B16F10 melanoma cells and L929 fibroblasts. Characterizations confirmed uniform plasma generation and safe operating temperatures suitable for cell applications. Physicochemical analyses of PAMs showed time-dependent changes in pH, oxidation–reduction potential, and conductivity, indicating the generation of reactive species like nitrite, nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that both direct plasma treatment and PAM significantly reduced melanoma cell viability, with direct treatment causing a more pronounced effect. After 3 min of direct exposure, melanoma cell viability decreased to approximately 30% after 24 h and further to 13% after 48 h. In contrast, healthy L929 fibroblasts remained largely unaffected under both treatment conditions. These results suggest that both short-lived and long-lived reactive species contribute to the selective cytotoxic effects observed in cancer cells. The multipoint SDBD plasma system shows potential as a selective anticancer treatment modality, effective through both direct plasma exposure and the application of PAM, offering a promising avenue for future cancer therapies.
Chronic inflammation in a radium dial painter cohort: elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and radiation-induced hearing loss
Authors: Goans Ronald Earl , Dauer L.T. , Iddins Carol J , Mumma Michael T. , McComish S. L. , Tolmachev Sergey Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The radium dial painters (RDP) are a well-described group of predominantly young women who incidentally ingested 226Ra and 228Ra as they painted luminescent watch dials in the first part of the twentieth century. In 1974 pathologist Dr. William D. Sharpe published complete clinical and autopsy results for 42 former radium dial painters evaluated in the New Jersey Radium Research Project (NJRRP). This was an important paper due to the completeness of the observations. Surprisingly, in this study, clinicians noted a 35.5% incidence of hearing loss, both conductive and mixed etiologies. Since the 1974 publication, there has developed a considerable literature on radiation-induced hearing loss in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. It is expected that hearing loss would also be associated with systemic inflammation. Recently, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown in many cancer and non-cancer studies to be a nonspecific marker of inflammation. In prior collaborative efforts with the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) and with the NCRP Million Person Study, it has been possible to evaluate NLR from medical records of a cohort of 166 former radium dial painters previously evaluated at Argonne National Laboratory. In addition, NLR was available in historic medical records of the sarcoma and nasopharyngeal cancer patients described in Rowland’s summary of the Argonne studies. . Using elevation of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a non-specific marker of inflammation, chronic inflammation has been observed in all cohorts with significant dose. The RDP cohort has had a unique exposure to radium, but the incidence of radiation-induced hearing loss here is uncertain. Due to cosmic radiation dose to astronauts in space flight, there is a significant interest in high LET radiation dose to the brain, including the auditory system. &#xD;
Computational simulation of graphene/h-BN nanopores for single-molecule herbicide sensing
Authors: Scopel Wanderlã L , de Souza Fábio A L , de Souza Sávio B , Amorim Rodrigo G , Scheicher Ralph H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing world population and climate change are key drivers for the increasing pursuit of more efficient and environmentally-safe food production. In this scenario, the large scale use of herbicides demands the development of new technologies to control and monitor the application of these compounds, due to their severe environmental and health-related problems. Motivated by these issues, in this work, a hybrid graphene/boron nitride nanopore is explored to detect/identify herbicide molecules (Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, Diuron, and 2,4D). Solid-state nanopores based on 2D materials have been widely explored as novel generation sensors capable of single-molecule resolution. The present investigation combines density functional theory (DFT) and the non-equilibrium Green’s function method to assess the interaction of each herbicide with the nanopore and how its interaction modulates the device’s electronic transport properties. The device’s sensitivity spreads from 9.0% up to 27.0% when probed at different gate voltages. Overall, the proposed device seems to be sensitive and selective to be considered as a promising single-molecule herbicide sensor.
Fabrication and characterization of a pneumatic soft gripper integrated with a novel 3D-printed piezoresistive force sensor
Authors: Lee Hyun Jae , Rejimone Justin , Liu Zhiqiang , Park Simon S , Kim Keekyoung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A pneumatic soft gripper, composed of multiple elastomeric materials, was designed and manufactured based on gripping simulations. The simulation results demonstrated that the different stiffnesses of the elastomeric materials can influence the internal air pressure required for the proper actuation of the gripper. Considering the substrate properties and the morphological changes of the soft gripper during gripping, a piezoresistive force sensor was developed using elastomers and conductive filaments with the aid of additive manufacturing techniques. We confirmed the reproducibility and stability of the proposed piezoresistive force sensor through evaluations under various fabrication conditions. Results from touch experiments and compressive force measurements indicated that the stiffness of the sensor substrate and the thickness of the conductive part of the sensor affected the sensitivity and reliability of the sensor with respect to different levels of applied forces. Incorporating a rigid panel between the soft gripper and the piezoresistive force sensor diminished the effect of the variable stiffness and curvature of the gripper on the measurement of electrical resistance generated by the piezoresistive force sensor. Our 3D-printed sensor combined with elastomeric materials showed the possibility of differentiating the simple actuation and the gripping demonstration of the soft gripper.
Experimental study on flexural properties of superelastic SMA fiber reinforced ECC under monotonic load
Authors: Luo Hongbo , Lv Qianqian , Shi Yifei , Chen Guolin , Qian Hui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To enhance the bending performance and crack control of ECC materials, a novel hybrid fiber-reinforced cement composite (SMAF-ECC) was developed by incorporating superelastic SMA fibers into PVA-ECC. Four-point bending tests under monotonic loading were performed to systematically examine the effects of SMA fiber content, diameter, and shape on the mechanical properties of thin plates, including cracking deflection, cracking strength, ultimate deflection, and flexural strength. Additionally, the bending toughness of the plates was assessed using the ASTM C108 toughness index. Moreover, a mesoscale numerical analysis model for SMAF-ECC thin plates was developed. The results indicate that SMA fibers notably enhance the flexural performance of the plates. As the SMA fiber content increases, both the initial cracking strength and ultimate deflection initially increase before decreasing, with optimal performance occurring at a fiber content of 0.5%, which improves these properties by 20.9% to 44.5% compared to specimens without SMA fibers. The flexural strength of the specimens continues to increase with fiber content, reaching a maximum improvement of 36.1%. Among the various fiber shapes, flat-headed SMA fibers exhibit the best performance in improving both flexural strength and ultimate deflection, with enhancements of 7.2% and 25.9%, respectively, compared to specimens without SMA fibers. Furthermore, the inclusion of SMA fibers markedly improves the bending toughness of the thin plates. The reliability of the numerical model was validated through comparisons between the simulation and experimental results.
Exchange interaction for the triplet superconductor URhGe
Authors: YANG CHIH-KAI , Lee Chi-Hsuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
URhGe is a ferromagnetic superconductor with a low critical temperature. We use a combination of first-principles density functional calculations and modified Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory to investigate its unconventional superconductivity. Focusing on a spin-triplet state and exchange interaction between electrons, we are able to derive the critical temperature and an average superconducting gap at 0 K that are reasonably close to the experimental value. A spin wave analysis follows that includes a dispersion relation and parameters related to the exchange interaction at low temperatures, suggesting feasible ways for experimental verification.&#xD;
Feasibility and parameter optimization of ground-to-satellite uplink continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Cheng Jin , Chen Yujie , Liu Ao , Sun Xin , Guo Junjie , Yang Bohan , Yin Peng , Liu Wenbo , Chen Lanjian , Dong Chen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Driven by the necessitates of wide-area quantum secure communication networks, ground-to-satellite quantum key distribution (QKD) has been highlighted in the field of quantum information. Continuous variable QKD (CV-QKD) shows the advantages of a high secure key rate generation and compatibility in the fiber channel, but the communication range is limited by low attenuation tolerance. In this study, the feasibility of the uplink CV-QKD for Very Low Earth Orbit satellite is studied, and the influence of practical factors such as atmospheric turbulence and beam pointing errors under dynamic time-varying satellite orbital parameters is analyzed to model realistic transmission channels. A parameter optimization scheme for orbital parameters, spot size, receiving telescope aperture, and modulation variance has been proposed to enhance the performance of the actual uplink CV-QKD, providing a reference for parameter selection in CV-QKD experiments.
Ultra-light dark matter with non-canonical kinetics reopening the mass window
Authors: Lu Shiyun , Ilyas Amara , Ma Xiao-Han , Wang Bo , Zhang Dongdong , Cai Yi-Fu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) with mass around 10-22 eV is viewed as a promising paradigm in understanding the structure formation of the local universe at small scales.
Recent observations, however, begin to challenge FDM in return.
We focus on the arguments between the solution to CDM small-scale curiosities and recent observations on matter power spectrum, and find its implication on an earlier formation of small-scale structure. In this article, we propose a scheme of k-ULDM scalar field with a differently-evolving sound speed, thanks to the non-canonical kinetics. With the help of the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) theory, we illustrate to change the behavior of the quantum pressure term countering collapse, therefore change the history of structure growth. We find that it can truly reopen the ULDM mass window closed by the Lyman-α problem. We will discuss such examples in this paper, while more possibilities remain to be explored.