bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis with recombinant von Willebrand factor in patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease: Results of a post hoc analysis from a phase 3 trial
Authors: Leebeek Frank W. G. , Peyvandi Flora , Tiede Andreas , Castaman Giancarlo , Escobar Miguel , Wang Michael , Zülfikar Bulent , Susen Sophie , Miesbach Wolfgang , Wang Scarlett , Wang Yi , Zhang Jingmei , Özen Gülden 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe efficacy/safety of recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF) prophylaxis in patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD).MethodsThis post hoc analysis of a phase 3 open‐label trial provides a more detailed analysis of adults with type 3 VWD, categorized based on prior treatment at screening: “Prior On‐Demand (OD)” (OD VWF; ≥3 documented spontaneous bleeding events [BEs] requiring VWF in previous 12 months) or “Switch” (plasma‐derived [pd] VWF prophylaxis for ≥12 months). Annualized bleeding rates (ABRs) were evaluated during 12 months of rVWF prophylaxis versus historical data from medical records.ResultsIn the Prior OD group (n = 10), mean spontaneous ABR (sABR) for treated BEs was reduced by 91.6% (ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02–0.45) versus mean historical sABR. In the Switch group (n = 8), mean sABR for treated BEs was reduced by 47% (ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.08–3.62). One non‐serious adverse event (AE) was considered possibly related to rVWF. No treatment‐related, fatal, or life‐threatening serious AEs were reported, and no patient developed VWF inhibitors.ConclusionsrVWF prophylaxis reduced sABR in type 3 VWD patients previously treated with OD VWF therapy, and maintained a similar level of hemostatic control in those switching from pdVWF prophylaxis to rVWF prophylaxis.
Discovery of unknown new ponds occupied by the endangered giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) by combining environmental DNA and capture surveys
Authors: Ogata Shigeki , Nishiwaki Atsuhiro , Yamazoe Kanji , Sugai Kyoko , Takahara Teruhiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBasic ecological information (e.g. habitat or distribution) is indispensable for conserving endangered species. The giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli is an aquatic insect in the large stink bug family (Belostomatidae). It inhabits ponds and is a critically endangered species. In this study, we developed a species‐specific primer–probe set (the cytochrome c oxidase I region in mitochondrial DNA) that was used in real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect K. deyrolli environmental DNA (eDNA). Next, using eDNA analysis, we investigated the presence of K. deyrolli in 89 study ponds (including one pond that had already been identified as the habitat of this species) in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The eDNA of K. deyrolli was detected in 11 of these 89 ponds. Furthermore, when the traditional method of direct capture survey was carried out in four of the 10 ponds where K. deyrolli eDNA had been detected and no prior occupancy information for this species was available, the capture of one K. deyrolli (female) was successful in only one pond. This study showed that combining eDNA analysis and direct capture methods can lead to discovering previously unknown habitats essential for conserving an endangered species.
Herbivorous cladoceran essential fatty acid and cholesterol content across a phosphorous and DOC gradients of boreal lakes—Importance of diet selection
Authors: Keva Ossi , Litmanen Jaakko J. , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Strandberg Ursula , Kiljunen Mikko , Hämäläinen Heikki , Taipale Sami J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Eutrophication has been shown to increase production of nutritionally low‐quality cyanobacteria and decrease the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of seston. Contrarily, lake browning inhibits cyanobacteria contribution in seston and favours poorly grazable mixotrophic algal species. These environmental changes have probable impacts on the diet and long‐chain PUFA content of primary consumers. However, herbivorous zooplankton may preferentially retain PUFAs through diet selection for optimal growth and reproduction, but such selective feeding is challenging to document in nature owing to the difficulties in quantifying zooplankton diet.

Here, we sampled seston and herbivorous cladocerans (Daphnia sp. and Bosmina sp.) from lakes (n = 23) in Finland along eutrophication (total phosphorous) and browning gradients (dissolved organic carbon [DOC]). We analysed the fatty acid content of seston (mg FA/g POC [particular organic content]) and cladocerans (mg FA/g C), and estimated available and consumed diet biomass percentages with quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Cladoceran diet preference was evaluated as the difference between consumed and available food sources, to understand if they preferentially retain high nutritional quality diet.

Generally, lake chemistry and morphometry poorly explained seston and cladoceran long‐chain PUFA contents. However, multiple linear models for shorter chain PUFAs (linoleic acid [LA] and alpha‐linolenic acid [ALA]) performed better in explaining variation in the LA and ALA content of seston (20% and 11%) and cladocerans (36% and 46%, respectively). The factors most strongly and positively associated with the LA and ALA content of seston and cladocerans were phosphorus and DOC concentrations, respectively.

Seston and cladoceran PUFA contents were clearly uncorrelated. In most of the sampled lakes, high‐quality diet (i.e., diatoms and cryptomonads) was preferred by cladocerans and low‐quality diet (cyanobacteria) was avoided. Lake chemistry poorly explained cladoceran diet preference, but high‐quality preference was positively associated with lake average depth.

In summary, our space‐for‐time study approach did not reveal that eutrophication or browning downgraded the seston nor cladoceran PUFA quality. We found no correlation with seston and cladoceran PUFA content, but a clear mismatch between available and consumed diet. Our results suggest a selective feeding strategy of cladocerans, possibly through foraging in high‐quality algae patches or selective assimilation of PUFAs.
Insights on surface analysis techniques to study glass primary packaging
Authors: Pintori Giovanna , Panighello Serena , Pinato Odra , Cattaruzza Elti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring the forming process of a vial by tubing glass, temperatures of up to 1200°C are applied to adjust the glass viscosity. This process causes the release of volatile components such as alkali borates. Consequently, the percentage of sodium and boron measured on the inner surface of the vial can be higher than that measured on the corresponding glass tube. This study aimed to characterize the inner surface of two different borosilicate glass tubes of type I before and after the vial forming process at the nanoscale level. Quantitative elemental analysis of the surface along the vertical axis of glass tubes and vials was performed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, whereas the topographical investigation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the near‐bottom region of a vial, which is usually the area most prone to corrosion, the SEM micrographs showed the appearance of bulges on the surface. The latter were then analyzed by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to characterize their molecular composition. The purpose of this work is to identify possible new strategies for faster identification of factors that eventually influence chemical resistance of pharmaceutical glasses and to provide useful information needed to improve industrial processes.
Household food insecurity and childhood obesity/overweight among children with special healthcare needs: Results from a nationally representative sample of 10–17 years old U.S. children
Authors: Khanijahani Ahmad , Pawcio Sheridyn 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYBackgroundFood insecurity is linked to an increased risk of childhood obesity and other adverse health issues.ObjectivesTo examine the disproportionate impact of food insecurity on childhood obesity among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we pooled data from 4 years (2016 to 2019) of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) for a nationally representative sample of 10 to 17 years old noninstitutionalized U.S. children (N = 68 942). Using logistic regression models, we examined the odds of childhood obesity or overweight by including an interaction between family food situation and CSHCN status.ResultsAmong 10–17 years old U.S. children, 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1%–31.9%) had obesity or overweight, 24.1% had special healthcare needs, 27.2% were from families with food insecurity, and 6.4% were from families with food insufficiency. CSHCN were more likely to be impacted by obesity or overweight than non‐CSHCN (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.18–1.141). Moreover, children living in food insecurity (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.52–1.92) and food insufficiency (OR = 2, 95% CI = 1.67–2.4) were more likely than those living in food‐secure families to be impacted by obesity or overweight. CSHCN living in food insecurity were significantly more likely to be impacted by obesity or overweight than non‐CSHCN in similar households.ConclusionsIt appears that food insecurity can put CSHCN at disproportionately greater risk of obesity or overweight than non‐CSHCN. The findings underscore considering CSHCN status in conjunction with household food insecurity in designing and implementing medical interventions or public policies targeted at childhood obesity or overweight.
Should DEI statements be included in faculty selection? Exploring legal, diversity, and validity issues
Authors: Ficht Linda S. , Levashina Julia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany public and private employers have been using Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) statements during the selection process as part of their mission of having a diverse workforce. This paper focuses on the use of DEI statements in public and private higher education. The paper reviews several key issues relative to the use of DEI statements ranging from the First Amendment to management considerations. We explore several dilemmas that arise due to the use of DEI statements. We note that although the First Amendment is uniquely a US issue, the paper addresses the growth of DEI internationally and the need for international academics to be aware of the issues addressed in this manuscript. We also make recommendations for future research and practice.
Prevalence and morphological features of molar‐root incisor malformation in children attending a specialist paediatric dental unit
Authors: Jensen Emilija D. , Smart Gabrielle , Lee Nara , Tan Jenny , Oliver Kelly , Ha William N. , Ranjitkar Sarbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolar‐root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a rare dental anomaly featuring constricted cervical margins and tapered, narrow root and pulp morphology, often associated with severe toothache and infection.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRIM in children seen in a specialist paediatric dental unit of a tertiary referral hospital and to describe the characteristics of affected individuals.DesignThis study was an audit of children attending from November 2020 to November 2021. Radiographs were used to identify individuals with MRIM, and clinical data were collated. In addition, histology and microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging were performed on teeth extracted from an affected individual.ResultsThe prevalence of MRIM was five cases of 1054 children examined (0.47% or 1:210). The permanent first molars were affected in all five children and the primary second molars in two children; all children had medical comorbidities and multiple exposures to general anesthesia before 4 years of age. In addition, histological and microCT analyses displayed numerous microchannels connecting the pulp chamber to the external surface of the tooth at the furcation.ConclusionsMolar‐root incisor malformation is an uncommon dental anomaly affecting paediatric patients with multiple comorbidities and is characterized by porosities extending from the pulp chamber to the external tooth surface, predisposing the risk of bacterial ingress from the oral cavity into the pulp chamber. Early detection may prevent atypical odontogenic facial pain and infection.
Addressing systemic racism and intergenerational transmission of anxiety using Bowenian family therapy with African American populations: A Discursive paper
Authors: Josiah Nia , Shoola Hakeem , Rodney Tamar , Arscott Joyell , Ndzi Maureen , Bush Ashley D. , Wilson Patty R. , Jacques Keilah , Baptiste Diana‐Lyn , Starks Shaquita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the intergenerational impact of systemic racism on mental health, depicting the evolution and patterns of anxiety symptoms and the application of the Bowenian family therapy to understand the interrelatedness and long‐standing impact of intergenerational trauma in African American families. This article highlights interventions that increase awareness of and promotes physical and mental health for African American populations.DesignDiscursive Paper.MethodSearching literature published between 2012 and 2022 in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host and Google Scholar, we explored factors associated with systemic racism and generational anxiety.DiscussionEvidence‐based literature supports the application of the Bowenian family therapy theoretical framework to understand the intergenerational impact of systemic racism and to address the transmission of anxiety symptoms in African American populations.ConclusionCulturally appropriate interventions are needed to decrease anxiety symptoms in an attempt to heal intergenerational trauma and to improve family dynamics in African American populations.Impact to Nursing PracticeNurses play an integral role in providing holistic quality patient‐centred care for African American populations who have experienced racial trauma. It is critical for nurses to implement culturally responsive and racially informed care with patients that focuses on self‐awareness, health promotion, prevention and healing in efforts to address racial trauma. Application of Bowenian family therapy can aid in the reduction of both intergenerational transmission of racial trauma and generational anxiety.No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion.
Intermittent hypoxia treatments cause cellular priming in human microglia
Authors: De Felice Martina , Germelli Lorenzo , Piccarducci Rebecca , Da Pozzo Eleonora , Giacomelli Chiara , Baccaglini‐Frank Anna , Martini Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep‐disordered breathing characterized by nocturnal collapses of the upper airway resulting in cycles of blood oxygen partial pressure oscillations, which lead to tissue and cell damage due to intermittent hypoxia (IH) episodes. Since OSAS‐derived IH may lead to cognitive impairment through not fully cleared mechanisms, herein we developed a new in vitro model mimicking IH conditions to shed light on its molecular effects on microglial cells, with particular attention to the inflammatory response. The in vitro model was set‐up and validated by measuring the hypoxic state, HIF‐1α levels, oxidative stress by ROS production and mitochondrial activity by MTS assay. Then, the mRNA and protein levels of certain inflammatory markers (NF‐κB and interleukin 6 (IL‐6)) after different IH treatment protocols were investigated. The IH treatments followed by a normoxic period were not able to produce a high inflammatory state in human microglial cells. Nevertheless, microglia appeared to be in a state characterized by increased expression of NF‐κB and markers related to a primed phenotype. The microglia exposed to IH cycles and stimulated with exogenous IL‐1β resulted in an exaggerated inflammatory response with increased NF‐κB and IL‐6 expression, suggesting a role for primed microglia in OSAS‐driven neuroinflammation.
Prograde zircon growth in migmatites
Authors: Yakymchuk Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmpirical studies of zircon in migmatites document features compatible with growth during heating at suprasolidus conditions. However, numerical modelling of zircon behaviour suggests that suprasolidus zircon is expected to grow only during cooling and melt crystallization. Here, phase equilibrium modelling coupled with mineral–melt Zr partitioning is used in an attempt to reconcile the observations from migmatites with the predictions of previous numerical models of zircon behaviour in anatectic systems. In general, an equilibrium‐based model that includes Zr partitioning does not allow prograde suprasolidus zircon growth. However, melting of metapelites at temperatures just above the wet solidus may allow limited zircon growth because of the low solubility of zircon in melt coupled with a source of Zr from minor garnet and ilmenite breakdown. Preservation of this zircon requires entrapment in growing peritectic minerals during subsequent heating and further melting. Heating above muscovite exhaustion in metapelites is unlikely to grow zircon because of the progressive increase in zircon solubility as well as an increasing compatibility of Zr in the residual mineral assemblage. The modelled compatibility of Zr in the residue of a metabasite decreases during heating, but an increase in zircon solubility in melt counteracts this; prograde suprasolidus zircon growth in metabasites is unlikely. Infiltration of Zr‐rich melt into a migmatite during open‐system anatexis provides an additional potential mechanism for prograde suprasolidus zircon growth during high‐temperature metamorphism.
Shape variation in the limb long bones of modern elephants reveals adaptations to body mass and habitat
Authors: Bader Camille , Delapré Arnaud , Houssaye Alexandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring evolution, several vertebrate lineages have shown trends towards an increase in mass. Such a trend is associated with physiological and musculoskeletal changes necessary to carry and move an increasingly heavy body. Due to their prominent role in the support and movement of the body, limb long bones are highly affected by these shifts in body mass. Elephants are the heaviest living terrestrial mammals, displaying unique features allowing them to withstand their massive weight, such as the columnarity of their limbs, and as such are crucial to understand the evolution towards high body mass in land mammals. In this study, we investigate the shape variation of the six limb long bones among the modern elephants, Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana, to understand the effect of body mass and habitat on the external anatomy of the bones. To do so, we use three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (GMMs) and qualitative comparisons to describe the shape variation, at both the intraspecific and interspecific levels. Our results reveal that the two species share similar negative ontogenetic allometric patterns (i.e. becoming stouter with increased length) in their humerus and femur, but not in the other bones: the proximal epiphyses of the stylopod bones develop considerably during growth, while the distal epiphyses, which are involved in load distribution in the elbow and knee joints, are already massive in juveniles. We attribute this pattern to a weight‐bearing adaptation already present in young specimens. Among adults of the same species, bone robustness increases with body mass, so that heavier specimens display stouter bones allowing for a better mechanical load distribution. While this robustness variation is significant for the humerus only, all the other bones appear to follow the same pattern. This is particularly visible in the ulna and tibia, but less so in the femur, which suggests that the forelimb and hindlimb adapted differently to high body mass support. Robustness analyses, while significant for the humerus only, suggest more robust long bones in Asian elephants than in African savanna elephants. More specifically, GMMs and qualitative comparisons indicate that three bones are clearly distinct when comparing the two species: in E. maximus the humerus, the ulna and the tibia display enlarged areas of muscular insertions for muscles involved in joint and limb stabilization, as well as in limb rotation. These results suggest a higher limb compliance in Asian elephants, associated with a higher dexterity, which could be linked to their habitat and foraging habits.
Using the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) to assess the impact of unit atmosphere on violence risk assessment
Authors: Simmons Melanie L. , Maguire Tessa , Ogloff James R. P. , Gabriel Jessica , Daffern Michael 
Published: February 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject

Research suggests that the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) is a useful risk assessment instrument to identify individuals who might be at risk of aggression in mental health inpatient units.

Although, risk assessment research has typically focused on an individual's risk of aggression, recent research has begun exploring whether the DASA could be used to assess the likelihood that a group of patients would be aggressive.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

While the DASA was useful for assessing whether an individual was likely to be aggressive, the group average score was not a useful indicator for the likelihood of aggression once the individual DASA score was taken into consideration.

Unexpectedly, patients who were assessed as high risk on the DASA were more likely to be aggressive on settled units compared to unsettled units, which included other individuals whose risk was elevated.

What are the implications for practice

There is not enough evidence to suggest that the group DASA average improves the identification of aggression above the individual DASA score.

AbstractIntroductionThe Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) is an inpatient aggression risk assessment instrument. Recently, research explored whether the unit atmosphere, as indicated by a unit's average DASA score, was related to inpatient aggression risk, but failed to control for individual risk.AimInvestigate whether the DASA unit average score or an interaction between the unit average and an individual patient's DASA score was related to the likelihood that an individual would act aggressively.MethodCox regression with repeated assessments and recurrent events was used to analyse 11,243 DASA risk assessments of 113 inpatients collected via retrospective file review.ResultsThe unit DASA average score was not related to aggression towards staff. There was a negative interaction between the individual and the unit DASA average scores when identifying patient‐to‐patient aggression; high‐risk patients engaged in less aggression when the unit average was heightened relative to units with lower DASA average scores.DiscussionIt is possible that there were more nursing interventions and/or patients engaged in greater self‐regulation on unsettled units, thus reducing aggression.Implications for PracticeCurrently, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the unit average score should be used to supplement individual DASA scores to identify aggression risk.