bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser treatments as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in subjects with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Calciolari Elena , Donos Nikolaos , Alberti Alice , Ercal Pinar , Francetti Luca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Periodontal disease and diabetes have an extensively investigated bidirectional correlation. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) was proven to contribute to glycemic control. Moreover, it may benefit from the association of adjunctive therapies. The aim of the present systematic review is to assess the clinical efficacy of NSPT in association with laser (LT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in controlled or uncontrolled diabetic patients, and to grade the level of evidence.

Materials and methods
Randomized controlled clinical trials with at least 3-month follow-up were searched in MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, screened for inclusion, and grouped based on the performed treatments, follow-up time, type of diabetes, and level of glycemic control.

Results
Eleven RCTs with 504 total subjects were included. The adjunct of PDT showed a statistically significant 6-month difference in PD changes (with low certainty of evidence), but not in CAL changes, while a significant difference in 3-month PD and CAL changes was found with the adjunct of LT (low certainty of evidence). Patients treated with PDT registered a higher decrease in HbA1c levels at 3 months, but no significant difference was noted at 6 months; LT also led to better HbA1c changes at 3 months with a moderate certainty of evidence.

Conclusion
Despite the promising short-term HbA1c decrease, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the small effect sizes and the statistical heterogeneity, and further evidence from well-designed RCTs is needed to support the routine use of PDT or LT in adjunct to NSPT.
Speed-sintering and the mechanical properties of 3–5 mol% Y2O3-stabilized zirconias
Authors: Lubauer Julia , Schuenemann Fernanda Haverroth , Belli Renan , Lohbauer Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEver faster workflows for the fabrication of all-ceramic restorations are of high economic interest. For that purpose, sintering protocols have been optimized for use in modern sintering furnaces, the so-called speed-sintering. However, conventional furnaces are still the most widely used equipment to sinter zirconia restorations. In this in-vitro study, we evaluated the feasibility of a speed-sintering protocol using a conventional sintering furnace to sinter different dental zirconias (stabilized with 3 mol% up to 5.4 mol% Y2O3) in comparison to a conventional sintering program. The properties evaluated were Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, density, biaxial flexural strength, and fracture toughness. We show here that despite differences being dependent on material, the physical and mechanical properties of speed-sintered zirconia are comparable to those obtained by the conventional sintering.
Wirksamkeit der iktalen Neurostimulation
Authors: Hirsch Martin , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Neurostimulation ist ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung pharmakoresistenter Epilepsien, wobei Ergebnisse aus kontrollierten und unkontrollierten klinischen Studien auf eine durch Neuromodulation vermittelte mit der Therapiedauer zunehmende Wirksamkeit hinweisen. Akute anfallsunterbrechende Effekte werden für die VNS (Vagusnervstimulation) und für die RNS (responsive Neurostimulation) postuliert und für die transkranielle fokale Kortexstimulation (FCS) untersucht.

Ziel
Es folgt die Prüfung der Evidenz für die akute, anfallsunterbrechende Wirksamkeit verschiedener Neurostimulationsverfahren.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Eine Kasuistik zur FCS wird dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Es existieren tierexperimentelle Belege für die Wirksamkeit der iktalen Stimulation. In der klinischen Anwendung beim Menschen gelang der Wirksamkeitsnachweis unter kontrollierten Bedingungen bisher lediglich in Einzelfällen. Es gibt einen ersten kasuistischen Hinweis für eine Wirksamkeit der iktalen FCS.

Schlussfolgerung
Für den interessanten und wichtigen Therapieansatz einer direkten Anfallsunterbrechung mittels Neurostimulation besteht eine unzureichende Evidenzlage. Obgleich Studien zum Wirksamkeitsnachweis große methodische Herausforderungen darstellen, sollte die Evidenz in Studiendesigns unter standardisierten Bedingungen im Video-EEG-Monitoring verbessert werden.
Kognitive Begleiteffekte neurostimulativer Therapieverfahren
Authors: Winter Yaroslav , Ellwardt Erik , Civelek Arda 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungKognitive Störungen sind ein häufiger Begleiter chronisch verlaufender Epilepsieerkrankungen. Neben der anfallssupprimierenden Wirkung weisen aber auch Neurostimulationsverfahren in der Behandlung von therapierefraktären Epilepsien Begleiteffekte auf die kognitive Leistung auf. Die meisten Daten liegen für die Vagusnervstimulation (VNS) vor, die eine positive Wirkung auf das verbale Gedächtnis hat. Dieser Effekt ist ausgeprägter bei Kindern als bei Erwachsenen und geht mit einer Verbesserung der Konzentration und der schulischen Leistung einher. Die tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) des anterioren Thalamuskerns führt zu keinen anhaltenden kognitiven Störungen im Langzeitverlauf. Gleichzeitig können THS und responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) eine weitere Verschlechterung der zum Zeitpunkt der Implantation vorbestehenden Gedächtnisstörungen bewirken, so dass eine entsprechende Patientenselektion erforderlich ist. Während die Datenlage für die trigeminale Nervenstimulation und transkranielle Magnetstimulation noch unzureichend ist, scheint die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) ein vielversprechendes Verfahren bezüglich positiver kognitiver Begleiteffekte zu sein. Die kathodale tDCS geht nach den aktuellsten Studiendaten nicht mit einer Verschlechterung der kognitiven Leistung einher. Insgesamt sind die neurostimulativen Verfahren bei Epilepsie hinsichtlich ihrer positiven Begleiteffekte auf die kognitive Leistung vielversprechend. Vom besonderen Interesse sind auch die neuen Verfahren der fokalen kortikalen Stimulation (z. B. „epicranial application of stimulation electrodes for epilepsy“, EASEE), die in weiteren Studien mit größeren Patientenzahlen untersucht werden sollen.
Fuzzy clustering with entropy regularization for interval-valued data with an application to scientific journal citations
Authors: D’Urso Pierpaolo , De Giovanni Livia , Alaimo Leonardo Salvatore , Mattera Raffaele , Vitale Vincenzina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the research of statistical methods to analyze complex structures of data has increased. In particular, a lot of attention has been focused on the interval-valued data. In a classical cluster analysis framework, an interesting line of research has focused on the clustering of interval-valued data based on fuzzy approaches. Following the partitioning around medoids fuzzy approach research line, a new fuzzy clustering model for interval-valued data is suggested. In particular, we propose a new model based on the use of the entropy as a regularization function in the fuzzy clustering criterion. The model uses a robust weighted dissimilarity measure to smooth noisy data and weigh the center and radius components of the interval-valued data, respectively. To show the good performances of the proposed clustering model, we provide a simulation study and an application to the clustering of scientific journals in research evaluation.
Robust inverse dynamics by evaluating Newton–Euler equations with respect to a moving reference and measuring angular acceleration
Authors: Gießler Maximilian , Waltersberger Bernd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaintaining stability while walking on arbitrary surfaces or dealing with external perturbations is of great interest in humanoid robotics research. Increasing the system’s autonomous robustness to a variety of postural threats during locomotion is the key despite the need to evaluate noisy sensor signals. The equations of motion are the foundation of all published approaches. In contrast, we propose a more adequate evaluation of the equations of motion with respect to an arbitrary moving reference point in a non-inertial reference frame. Conceptual advantages are, e.g., getting independent of global position and velocity vectors estimated by sensor fusions or calculating the imaginary zero-moment point walking on different inclined ground surfaces. Further, we improve the calculation results by reducing noise-amplifying methods in our algorithm and using specific characteristics of physical robots. We use simulation results to compare our algorithm with established approaches and test it with experimental robot data.
Love is Elsewhere: Internal Migration and Marriage Prospects in China
Authors: Xiong Wanru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMigration and marriage are major life events that might interact and be jointly decided. Places with good labor market opportunities may or may not provide good marriage options. In this paper, I quantify gains and losses in marriage prospects for unmarried migrants and natives during the population redistribution driven by internal migration. I also examine how the experiences differ by individual characteristics and regional factors. The analysis measures marriage prospects using the availability ratio (AR) with adaptive assortative matching norms for every unmarried individual from sample data of the 2010 China population census. The AR quantifies the intensity of competition for suitable partners in the local marriage market. I compare (1) migrants’ current AR with an alternative AR if the migrant returned to the hometown and (2) natives’ AR with a hypothetical AR if all migrants returned to their hometown. The first comparison shows that among migrants moving for labor market opportunities, most women have higher ARs (better marriage prospects) in the place of residence than in their hometown, especially those of rural origin. In contrast, migrant men’s ARs mostly decrease after migration except for the best educated. The second comparison reveals small negative externalities of internal migration on ARs for native women but positive impacts for some native men. The results suggest a conflict between labor market opportunities that dominate internal migration decisions and marriage market opportunities in China. This study demonstrates a method to quantify and compare marriage prospects and extends the literature on how migration and marriage interact.
Veganism and Its Challenges: The Case of Iceland
Authors: Luciano Eugenio , Geirsdóttir Ólöf Guðný , Ögmundardóttir Helga , Ögmundarson Ólafur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur research discusses how four main ethical challenges to veganism manifest in the context of Iceland. Veganism is becoming an increasingly popular lifestyle in many parts of the world, especially in OECD countries. Studies on the motivation for choosing a vegan lifestyle (which includes, but is not restricted to, following a vegan diet) include ethical considerations, dietary choices, personal health, taste, religious and political beliefs, or environmental concerns. Ethics plays a particularly important role, and as such, veganism has become a central object of interest in recent conversations on animal rights and welfare among ethicists. Our analysis reviews four ethical challenges (i.e., the challenge of universality, demandingness, causal impotence, and the least environmental harm principle) in the literature that problematize the norms and rationale underpinning veganism and vegan discourse and discusses how each applies within the context of Icelandic society and geography. We conjecture that the particular economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of Iceland indicate that being vegan in Iceland does not free oneself of having global social and environmental impacts on account of chosen dietary options. All diets constitute global systems that account for dependencies and opportunities, vulnerabilities, and strengths, which may challenge the assumption that veganism is a more socially and environmentally sustainable dietary option within this particular regional context.
Fostering physical activity-related health competence after bariatric surgery with a multimodal exercise programme: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schmid Julia , Schorno Nina , Groux André , Giachino Daniel , Zehetner Jörg , Nett Philip , Nakas Christos T , Herzig David , Bally Lia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRegular physical activity (PA) supports the long-term success of bariatric surgery. However, integrating health-enhancing physical activity in daily life requires specific competences. In this study, we evaluated a multimodal exercise programme to build these competences.Forty adults who underwent bariatric surgery were randomised to a multimodal exercise programme or control group. Primary outcomes were the facets of PA-related health competences, namely the control competence for physical training, PA-specific affect regulation, motivational competence and PA-specific self-control. Secondary outcomes were PA behaviour and subjective vitality. Outcomes were assessed before, directly after the intervention and at 3 months follow-up.Significant treatment effects were found for control competence for physical training and PA-specific self-control but not for PA-specific affect regulation and motivational competence. Significant treatment effects were further observed for self-reported exercise and subjective vitality, all in favour of the intervention group. In contrast, no treatment effect was found for device-based PA. Overall, this study provides a foundation for future research to optimise long-term post bariatric surgery outcomes.
“I Wasn’t Gonna Quit, but by Hook or by Crook I was Gonna Find a Way Through for the Kids”: A Narrative Inquiry, of Mothers and Practitioners, Exploring the Help-seeking of Mothers’ Experiencing Child to Parent Violence
Authors: Toole-Anstey Chye , Townsend Michelle , Keevers Lynne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeChild to parent violence is a significant concern that has been researched over the last sixty years. However, little is known about the help-seeking pathways of parents experiencing child to parent violence (CPV). Barriers and enablers to disclosing CPV have been explored, and responses to address CPV have been nominally researched. The mapping of a disclosure to a choice of where to get help has not occurred. This study seeks to map help-seeking pathways of mothers and considers these pathways in regards to the relations within families and sociomaterial conditions.MethodThis narrative inquiry utilizes response-based practice and Barad’s concept ‘intra-action’ to examine interviews with mothers (n = 11) who experience CPV, and practitioners (n = 19) who work with families experiencing CPV.ResultsFive help-seeking pathways of mothers are found in this study. Three themes evident across the pathways are explored including: (1) help-seeking within pre-existing relationships; (2) mothers’ feelings of fear, shame and judgement entangled with help-seeking; and (3) conditions which enable and hinder help-seeking from family.ConclusionsThis study finds sociomaterial conditions such as single motherhood and judgement limit help-seeking possibilities. Further, this study finds help-seeking occurs within pre-existing relationships along with the entanglement of CPV with other issues such as intimate partner violence (IPV) and homelessness. This study demonstrates the benefits of employing a response-based approach alongside ‘intra-action’ within a research and practice context.
A palaeoecological study investigating the impacts of multiple tephra depositions on a lacustrine ecosystem in Northeast China, using diatoms as environmental indicators
Authors: Deng Yuqiao Natalie , Rioual Patrick , Jones Vivienne J. , Sun Chunqing , Mingram Jens 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTephra layers are common in lake sediments and although they have often been used as chronological controls, few studies have investigated the impacts of past tephra depositions on lake ecosystems (Tephropalaeoecology). For the first time we systematically assess how different types of tephra layers vary in their ecological impact on the same lacustrine system. We use a diatom-based tephropalaeoecological approach to infer the impacts of five tephra deposits on Lake Sihailongwan, a well-studied volcanic lake in Northeast China, over the past 30,000 years. The five tephra layers (including two micro-tephras) have varying thicknesses and were deposited in time periods with different climatic conditions. Changes in diatom communities and chrysophyte-cyst concentrations between pre- and post-tephra samples were used to infer changes in lake conditions and highlight the importance of lake background conditions in mediating the impact of tephra. While the two micro-tephra layers did not cause observable changes, the three thicker tephras induced pronounced changes in lake conditions and thus diatom communities. The two thick tephras deposited in more eutrophic and warmer lake conditions caused larger responses from diatoms. We argue that water-column phosphorus decreased due to reduced sediment–water-phosphorus loading as thick tephra layers formed an impermeable layer at the lake bottom. This is supported by a decrease in total diatom concentration and a decline in high phosphorus-requiring taxa such as Discostella stelligeroides and Stephanodiscus minutulus as well as modern limnological observations which showed that groundwater influxes from the lake bottom are the main source of nutrients to the lake. By contrast, the thick tephra deposited in more oligotrophic and colder lake conditions caused less conspicuous changes. When the lake was already low in phosphorus, diatoms did not respond to a further decline in phosphorus but rather responded to the minor increase in silica from the dissolution of tephra particles in the water column. This was inferred from the slight increases in overall diatom concentration and opportunistic taxa such as Pantocsekiella comensis f. minima. Diatom analysis of the post-tephra sediments above the three thick tephras showed that the aquatic ecosystem did not completely recover, indicating the long-lasting effects of these thick tephras and shifts to new lake-ecosystem equilibria.
Voting Rights, Markov Chains, and Optimization by Short Bursts
Authors: Cannon Sarah , Goldbloom-Helzner Ari , Gupta Varun , Matthews JN , Suwal Bhushan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinding outlying elementsin probability distributions can be a hard problem. Taking a real example from Voting Rights Act enforcement, we consider the problem of maximizing the number of simultaneous majority-minority districts in a political districting plan. An unbiased random walk on districting plans is unlikely to find plans that approach this maximum. A common search approach is to use a biased random walk: preferentially select districting plans with more majority-minority districts. Here, we present a third option, called short bursts, in which an unbiased random walk is performed for a small number of steps (called the burst length), then re-started from the most extreme plan that was encountered in the last burst. We give empirical evidence that short-burst runs outperform biased random walks for the problem of maximizing the number of majority-minority districts, and that there are many values of burst length for which we see this improvement. Abstracting from our use case, we also consider short bursts where the underlying state space is a line with various probability distributions, and then explore some features of more complicated state spaces and how these impact the effectiveness of short bursts.
Patterns and Causes of Female Labor Force Participation: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis for Pakistan
Authors: Amber Hina , Chichaibelu Bezawit Beyene 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFemale participation rates in Pakistan’s labor force are well below regional averages despite approximately 9 percent growth in the past three decades. To probe the underlying causes of the dynamics of female labor force participation in Pakistan, we use a synthetic panel constructed from nationally representative labor force surveys (1990–2017). The results indicate that the rising population share of working-age women does not account for changes in aggregate labor force participation rates. The age–period–cohort analysis demonstrates that for cohorts born since the 1900s, urban females’ age effects follow a slight M-shaped curve, representing the child-raising phase during which females reduce labor force participation. The cohort effects signal an increase in the labor force participation of cohorts born after the 1950s. This is particularly the case for married females and females with less education that traditionally have weaker attachments to the labor market due to social norms. Therefore, understanding and identifying the factors that can have an effect on the inhibiting role of social norms are central to devising policies to foster female labor force participation.
Earnings Trajectories After Divorce: The Legacies of the Earner Model During Marriage
Authors: Brüggmann Daniel , Kreyenfeld Michaela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDivorce marks the legal endpoint of a marital union. While divorce is increasingly seen as a ‘clean break’, the past marital history of the couple may nevertheless shape their present conditions. In particular, there may be a legacy of a highly gendered division of labour during marriage that may affect the ex-spouses’ earning trajectories beyond the date of divorce. Using register data from the German Pension Fund, we examine the earning trajectories of heterosexual couples who filed for a divorce in 2013 (24,616 men and 24,616 women). Using fixed-effects and matching techniques, we compare the earning trajectories of divorcees with those of a control group of married persons in the period spanning two years before and two years after divorce. In particular, we examine how the earner models divorcees followed during marriage shaped their future earning trajectories. Our results show that, on average, the earnings of a divorced woman in a male breadwinner constellation increased after divorce, while the earnings of her male ex-spouse declined. Nevertheless, large gender differences in earnings persisted: 2 years after separation, a divorced woman who had been in a male breadwinner constellation was, on average, earning 72% less than her ex-spouse. We discuss our findings against the background of recent policy reforms in Germany, which assume that ex-partners should be economically ‘self-reliant’ after divorce.