bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE PREFERENCES FOR EVERYDAY LIVING INVENTORY INTO KOREAN
Authors: Kwon Jenny , Shin So Young 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Valid and reliable measures are necessary to provide person-centered care tailored to the individual. However, there are no such measures in Korean nursing home settings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI); test face validity; and finalize a Korean version of PELI (PELI-K). The translation and cultural adaptation were done according to guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes. After translating, cognitively capable Korean older adults (n=10) reviewed the PELI items and completed a questionnaire. Face validity was assessed by three questions regarding grammar and wording, understandability, and cultural relevance using a 4-point Likert scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better validity. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 67 (±2.50) years. The mean score of appropriateness for grammar and wording was 2.70 (±.82); understandability was 3.70 (±.48); and cultural relevance was 3.70 (±.67). Participants found the Korean version of PELI easy to understand and interpret, and culturally relevant. However, some translations have room for improvement in rephrasing sentences and using alternative wording. Based on cognitive debriefing results and several suggestions from participants, necessary changes were made before creating a final version of PELI-K. These findings suggest that PELI was successfully translated and culturally adapted to Korean. Implementing PELI-K in Korean nursing home settings will help with eliciting individual preferences and incorporating them into care delivery. Next steps can evaluate care quality improvement and increased residents’ satisfaction.
THE EFFECTS OF A HAND-BASED HOME-TRAINING PROGRAM ON FINE FORCE PERCEPTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Cook Rachel Logue , Kern Kathy , Brown Susan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability to use and manipulate the hands is essential for completing daily activities such as dressing, food preparation, and medication adherence, but declines with age. Assessments of hand function typically include measures of maximum strength despite our recent findings that fine force control may be more indicative of function than strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a hand-based intervention on improving various aspects of hand function in older adults. Eleven older adults (mean age: 77±6.8y, 7 females) completed a 6-week home-based training program consisting of a series of sensorimotor tasks. Hand assessments included tactile sensation, dexterity, maximum grip and pinch strength, and fine force control using a pinch force matching paradigm. In the fine force task, participants were given a reference force (25% MVC) and were instructed to match the force without visual feedback using either the same (ipsilateral) or opposite (contralateral) hand as the reference force. After the training program, older adults displayed a 35% reduction (p &lt; 0.01) in matching error during the contralateral fine force control task. Additionally, both tactile sensation and dexterity showed improvements in the dominant hand (p &lt; 0.05). No differences were observed in maximum pinch or grip strength. We observed improvements in fine force control, tactile sensibility, and dexterity, all of which contribute to hand function needed for daily activities, as a result of the home-based intervention. These results underscore the importance of measuring different aspects of hand function and the need for additional hand-based interventions in the aging population.
VARIATION IN STATE ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS REGARDING FINANCIAL PENALTIES AGAINST ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES
Authors: Weems Jacy , Thomas Kali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Provider behavior is known to be driven by market forces, including costs. Financial penalties are the primary enforcement remedy available to state agencies in deterring substandard practices in assisted living (AL) communities. States develop licensing and enforcement requirements for AL communities, and regulations vary by license. Using state regulations and statutes sourced for AL license types from Nexis Uni, we used key phrases to extract information from all 50 states and D.C. to characterize how state agencies calculate and assess financial penalties for licensed AL community violations. Fines are assessed for each day of substandard behavior or as a one-time amount; within the nursing home sector, per-day fines tend to be higher than per-instance fines as they accumulate. We found that of the states analyzed so far (n=25), ten states (40%) may impose either per-day or per-instance fines, nine (36%) can impose per-instance fines only, three (12%) may impose per-day fines only, and three (12%) incorporated facility size in assessing fine amounts. One state had no policies concerning AL fine enforcement. The median per-instance maximum fine amount is $2,000 [IQR $500-$5,000], while the median maximum per-day fine is $500 per day [IQR $150-$2,000]. Eleven states (44%) utilize tiered amount categories based on violation scope and severity. Agencies also consider characteristics such as community size and past performance when assessing fine amounts. Inconsistent penalties across states illuminate the need to assess the impact of current regulations, identify best enforcement practices to improve overall compliance, and share best practices between enforcement agencies.
LONELINESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN ASSISTED LIVING RESIDENTS APPROACHING END OF LIFE
Authors: Arthur Christopher , Bender Alexis , Perkins Molly 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are common at end of life and important contributors to psychological distress, particularly among older adults. Despite evidence that isolation and loneliness are generally prevalent in assisted living (AL), little research has examined these states within the context of end of life (EOL). This study uses secondary data from an EOL study in assisted living to qualitatively characterize the experience of isolation and loneliness in African American AL residents with varying levels of psychological distress. We performed a thematic analysis using ethnographic and interview data collected from 25 residents (64% female) in a large (90+ bed) all-African American AL community in metropolitan Atlanta. We assessed psychological distress using the PHQ-4 and used this measure in qualitative analysis to explore varying patterns of social isolation and loneliness across residents. Findings showed high variability in psychological distress based on PHQ-4 scores (range 0–12, mean = 3.5, SD = 3.75). Across themes of social isolation and loneliness, we compared experiences of residents with low and high psychological distress. The maintenance of agency in the face of isolation and loneliness was the predominant pattern among the low-distress group, while passive withdrawal was consistently identified among the high-distress group. We classified these themes in terms of individual interpersonal relationships characterized by self-isolation and negotiation of family connections, as well as AL community-level relationships characterized by the liminality of the lived AL experience. Results have important implications for multilevel interventions designed to reduce social isolation, loneliness, and psychological distress among this population.
THE EFFECTS OF TBI SEVERITY AND PTSD ON SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE IN OLDER VETERANS
Authors: Alshaheri Alin , Ly Monica , Thomas Kelsey , Delano-Wood Lisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been linked to subjective cognitive complaints; however, less is known about the unique relationships of PTSD symptoms and TBI severity with domain-specific subjective cognitive declines in older Veterans. The current study included 215 Vietnam-Era Veterans from the Department of Defense-Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (age M=69.62 years, SD=4.30). General linear models, adjusting for age, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, self-reported health, MMSE score, and depressive symptoms, examined the unique effects of PTSD symptoms (measured using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale) and TBI severity (none, mild, moderate/severe) on subjective cognitive decline measured using the Everyday Cognition (ECog) measure. Greater current PTSD symptoms were associated with greater subjective cognitive declines on the ECog total score (t=.198, p=.009) as well as memory (t=.197, p=.008), language (t=.228, p=.004), and visuospatial (t=.216, p=.007) subscales. Compared with participants with no TBI, mild TBI was associated with greater subjective cognitive decline on the ECog total score (t=.329, p=.026) as well as the language (t=.334, p=.030) and divided attention (t=.411, p=.007) subscales, while moderate-to-severe TBI was associated with greater subjective declines in planning (t=.291, p=.049) and divided attention (t=.320, p=.032). There was no interaction between PTSD and TBI severity on ECog scores. Results suggest that PTSD symptoms and mild versus moderate/severe TBI differentially impact specific domains of subjective cognitive decline. Future work should investigate how repetitive TBI may modify these relationships, and whether PTSD and TBI severity are associated with objective cognition and quality of life in older Veterans.
LIVING IN HISTORICALLY REDLINED NEIGHBORHOODS AND ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Ailshire Jennifer , Fisk Calley , Jones Chelsey 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Various neighborhood factors, including greenspace availability and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, are associated with accelerated biological age (aging faster than expected based on chronological age) among older adults. Neighborhoods, however, evolve overtime and historical neighborhood conditions may be influential in the aging process of older residents. In the United States, many neighborhoods were impacted by historical redlining (a federally sponsored, discriminatory program targeting communities of color throughout the 1930s), wherein neighborhoods received grades based on demographics and quality of infrastructure. Overwhelmingly, neighborhoods with more residents of color were considered less desirable or “redlined” and prior research links living in historically redlined neighborhoods to poor health across the life course and worse neighborhood conditions. We link data on redlining of U.S. census tracts from the National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC) to the 2016 Health and Retirement Study Venous Blood Study (HRS-VBS) to assess whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with advanced biological aging among adults aged 55 and older. Our indicator of expanded biological age is a summary measure of 22 biomarkers associated with cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic functioning. Using multivariate linear regression models controlling for an individual’s age, sex, and race/ethnicity, we found that individuals living in neighborhoods historically designated as “declining” or “hazardous” were about 2 years older biologically than individuals living in neighborhoods designated as “best/desirable”. These findings suggest that residing in neighborhoods differentially shaped by historical forces impacts rates of accelerated aging. Identifying these historical neighborhood conditions may help target interventions addressing disparities in aging.
TRANSFER TRAUMA AND MAJOR EVENTS AMONG NURSING HOME RESIDENTS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Montoya Ana , Park Pil , Chang Chiang-Hua , Bynum Julie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The negative consequences of transfers are known as transfer trauma. Nursing home (NH)-to-NH transfers place long-term NH residents at risk for developing transfer trauma and this risk may have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of a state policy that increased the number of residents who transferred between NHs. The objective of this cross-sectional cohort analysis was to assess the incidence of transfer trauma and major events (hospitalization/death/discharges) among long-term NH residents who transferred from one NH to another before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using a composite measure of transfer trauma based on validated scales from Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments. A total of 750 residents transferred in the pre-COVID cohort and 795 in the COVID cohort were eligible for assessment of transfer trauma and major events. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, residents in the COVID cohort were almost twice more likely to die and almost three times more likely to discharge within 90 days compared to those in the pre-COVID cohort (AOR=1.94, 95%CI [1.15, 3.26] and AOR= 2.86, 95%CI [2.30, 3.56], respectively). Residents in the COVID cohort were less likely to experience transfer trauma compared to those in the pre-COVID cohort. In the during-COVID cohort, 26% of residents had a COVID-19 diagnosis and they were less likely to experience transfer trauma compared to residents without a COVID-19 diagnosis (AOR=0.34, 95%CI [0.23, 0.50]). It is important to note that some residents may have not stayed in the nursing home long enough to assess them for transfer trauma.
DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF ELDERLY PERSONS IN SWEDEN WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHOSIS OR NON-PSYCHOSIS (SMI)
Authors: Bülow Per , Bülow Pia H , Finkel Deborah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Psychiatric care in Sweden is jointly organized by psychiatric practice and municipal social services. To determine who is entitled to support from the municipalities, the concept of “psychiatric disability” was created in connection with psychiatric reform in 1995. Psychiatric disability is a poorly identified concept and in Sweden, a person has severe mental illness (SMI) if they have difficulties in carrying out activities in crucial areas of life, these difficulties are caused by a mental disorder, and they are prolonged. Internationally, SMI is often synonymous with psychosis, but in Sweden other severe psychiatric conditions are included, but not dementia. Both practically and ethically, the unclear definition of SMI is a problem because it determines whether a person is granted interventions and what forms the interventions take. We investigated similarities and differences in people defined as SMI, divided into two groups, psychosis (Nf222) and non-psychosis (Nf253). Adults with SMI aged 65 or over (in 2016) have been assessed using data from four surveys carried out between 1996 and 2011, as well data available from national registers. People with psychosis had worse functional levels on the Global Assessment of Functioning and more unmet needs, according to Camberwell Assessment of Needs. However, differences between psychosis and non-psychosis groups varied across measures (e.g., education, income, living situation) and results differed depending on age at onset, year of first admission to a mental hospital, and length of institutionalization. These variables had a greater impact on the similarities and differences between measures than the diagnosis itself.
ESTABLISHING A SPANISH FOCUSED ADVANCED CARE PLANNING EDUCATIONAL SESSION FOR LATINA BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS
Authors: Cajavilca Moroni Fernandez , Dassel Kara , Portugal Gabriela , Utz Rebecca , Supiano Katherine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this exploratory, qualitative study, a focus group was conducted with Latina breast cancer survivors and patients to explore their feedback on how a culturally, sensitive educational session looks like, and whether a Spanish-speaking advanced care planning (ACP) educational session might be able to identify barriers for promoting awareness and discussion of ACP. First, the educational session informed participants on ACP, specifically an advanced directive (AD) and barriers that contribute to decreased rates in ACP among Latino populations. Second, a group interview was facilitated by the project lead using a semi structured interview guide. Eight Latina cancer survivors or patients participated in the educational session. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: 1) Familial Involvement 2) Need for Advanced Care Planning Education 3) Addressing Language and Cultural Barriers and 4) Culturally Sensitive and Informative Resources. A Spanish focused educational session may reduce current barriers that hinder ACP conversations, and may lead to increased rates of participants engaging in AD documentation.
THE EFFECTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON POSTURAL ADAPTATION DURING A VISUAL SEARCH TASK IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Wolfe Alexander , You Tongjian , Leveille Suzanne , Manor Brad , Jor’dan Azizah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduction in sensory integration capacity that often results in cognition and postural control deficits. The effects of T2DM on the ability to adapt one’s postural sway while standing and performing a visual search task (VST) are unknown. Twenty-three healthy older adults (HOA) (70–90 years) and 20 older adults with T2DM (67–93 years) performed multiple trials of quiet standing with and without a VST (i.e., counting 1 target letter in a grid of random letters). Postural sway acceleration measures were jerk, velocity, range, and pathlength in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction, as well as elliptical area. Postural adaptation to the VST was defined as the absolute change between conditions. VST accuracy (%) was defined as the percentage of participant-reported target letters compared to total target letters. In general, for both groups, performing the VST resulted in an average reduction in sway jerk, velocity, pathlength, and range when performing the VST, compared to control (T2DM & HOA, p &lt; 0.04). VST accuracy and the magnitude of postural adaptation to the VST were similar between groups (p&gt;0.15). Within the T2DM group, those who performed worse on the VST exhibited less adaptation (i.e., smaller decrease) in ML velocity (r=0.47, p=0.04). No other differences or associations were observed. Compared to healthy older adults, those with T2DM demonstrated a similar capacity to adapt their postural control in response to a VST. However, this group exhibited different characteristic changes in sway which were linked to task performance.
TESTING A NEW MODEL OF REABLEMENT-FOCUSED INTEGRATED CARE IN ADULT DAY SERVICE USERS IN TAIWAN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Chang Yu-Ting , Yu Hsiao-Wei , Lin Pay-Shin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a growing consensus that implementing personal-centered therapeutic activities at adult day services (ADS) leads to functional improvement in care recipients and reduces the burden on caregivers. Taiwan has introduced reablement-focused integrated care (RFIC) model for ADS users, the effects of this new model merit investigation. This study aimed to examine whether the RFIC model promotes physical and mental function in care recipients and improves caregiver satisfaction. We recruited ADS-care recipients and their family caregivers (N = 14 dyads) through purposive sampling for a quasiexperimental study. Six dyads were assigned to the RFIC intervention group and eight dyads to the control group. The RFIC intervention consisted of ten one-hour sessions over two months. The functional abilities of care recipients and the care satisfaction of caregivers were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. The RFIC group, compared to the control group, showed an improvement in care satisfaction score, and the group difference was significant (RFIC group: mean (SD) change score = 1.17 (2.64); control group: mean (SD) change score = −3.38 (2.20); p &lt; 0.01). There were no differences in physical and mental function between the RFIC and control groups. These preliminary results suggest that when reablement is used as a means of personal-centered therapeutic training for ADS users, it can help caregivers cope with care problems and improve how they appraise their mastery and satisfaction as regards care. However, the effects of RFIC on the physical and mental function of care recipients require further investigation.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE ENERGETICS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Kramer Philip , Distefano Giovanna , Ramos Sofhia , Goodpaster Bret , Coen Paul , Marcinek David , Cawthon Peggy , Molina Anthony 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mobility impairment is the most common disability among older adults, with an earlier presentation, higher prevalence, and greater severity in women compared to men. A decline in skeletal muscle metabolism contributes to the loss of mobility with age. However, it is unknown if sex-specific differences in muscle energetics can explain the disparity in mobility impairment among men and women. In the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA), muscle energetics was characterized using in vivo Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Respirometry of permeabilized fiber bundles from muscle biopsies. In this analysis of 773 participants aged 70–94 years, 519 were women, of which 16% were deemed lower extremity mobility impaired based on a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score
RURAL/URBAN DIFFERENCES IN LIFETIME OCCUPATION AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG MEXICAN ADULTS
Authors: Gutierrez Mariela , Wong Rebeca , Kuo Yong-Fang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mortality is affected by occupation dimensions, such as physical and mental demands, environmental exposures, and access to resources. Few studies have examined the relationship between occupation and mortality in countries with shifting occupation profiles, such as Mexico. We used 2001–2018 data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study to investigate the association between lifetime occupation type and all-cause mortality among participants aged 50 and older. We grouped participants’ longest-held occupations into five categories: (1) no main job; (2) agriculture; (3) domestic, service; (4) administrative, professionals, sales; and (5) production, industrial, transportation. We used Cox Proportional Hazard regression to study death risk associated with occupation, adjusting models for baseline demographic, health, and job characteristics. We stratified analysis by rural and urban to account for differences in occupation composition. Our sample included 10,482 participants, with 4,147 deaths occurring during follow-up. The percentage of participants in administrative, professional or sales was higher in urban areas than rural areas (60.7% vs. 20.5%). The percentage of participants in agriculture was higher in rural areas than urban areas (81.8% vs. 18.2%). Compared to professionals, participants in agriculture, industry, or transportation had a slightly higher risk of death (HR=1.65, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.77). Agriculture workers in rural areas had a higher risk of death than non-agriculture workers in rural areas. Considering rural/urban differences in occupations and their effect on mortality can inform policy aimed at improving the working environment for Mexican adults. Understanding rural/urban differences in mortality associated with occupation can elucidate socioeconomic inequalities in mortality.