bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left-truncated health insurance claims data: theoretical review and empirical application
Authors: Weißbach Rafael , Dörre Achim , Wied Dominik , Doblhammer Gabriele , Fink Anne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrom the inventory of the health insurer AOK in 2004, we draw a sample of a quarter million people and follow each person’s health claims continuously until 2013. Our aim is to estimate the effect of a stroke on the dementia onset probability for Germans born in the first half of the 20th century. People deceased before 2004 are randomly left-truncated, and especially their number is unknown. Filtrations, modelling the missing data, enable circumventing the unknown number of truncated persons by using a conditional likelihood. Dementia onset after 2013 is a fixed right-censoring event. For each observed health history, Jacod’s formula yields its conditional likelihood contribution. Asymptotic normality of the estimated intensities is derived, related to a sample size definition including the number of truncated people. The standard error results from the asymptotic normality and is easily computable, despite the unknown sample size. The claims data reveal that after a stroke, with time measured in years, the intensity of dementia onset increases from 0.02 to 0.07. Using the independence of the two estimated intensities, a 95% confidence interval for their difference is [0.053, 0.057]. The effect halves when we extend the analysis to an age-inhomogeneous model, but does not change further when we additionally adjust for multi-morbidity.
Suprapontine Structures Modulate Brainstem and Spinal Networks
Authors: Mohammadshirazi Atiyeh , Apicella Rosamaria , Zylberberg Benjamín A. , Mazzone Graciela L. , Taccola Giuliano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeveral spinal motor output and essential rhythmic behaviors are controlled by supraspinal structures, although their contribution to neuronal networks for respiration and locomotion at birth still requires better characterization. As preparations of isolated brainstem and spinal networks only focus on local circuitry, we introduced the in vitro central nervous system (CNS) from neonatal rodents to simultaneously record a stable respiratory rhythm from both cervical and lumbar ventral roots (VRs).Electrical pulses supplied to multiple sites of brainstem evoked distinct VR responses with staggered onset in the rostro-caudal direction. Stimulation of ventrolateral medulla (VLM) resulted in higher events from homolateral VRs. Stimulating a lumbar dorsal root (DR) elicited responses even from cervical VRs, albeit small and delayed, confirming functional ascending pathways. Oximetric assessments detected optimal oxygen levels on brainstem and cortical surfaces, and histological analysis of internal brain structures indicated preserved neuron viability without astrogliosis. Serial ablations showed precollicular decerebration reducing respiratory burst duration and frequency and diminishing the area of lumbar DR and VR potentials elicited by DR stimulation, while pontobulbar transection increased the frequency and duration of respiratory bursts. Keeping legs attached allows for expressing a respiratory rhythm during hindlimb stimulation. Trains of pulses evoked episodes of fictive locomotion (FL) when delivered to VLM or to a DR, the latter with a slightly better FL than in isolated cords.In summary, suprapontine centers regulate spontaneous respiratory rhythms, as well as electrically evoked reflexes and spinal network activity. The current approach contributes to clarifying modulatory brain influences on the brainstem and spinal microcircuits during development.
Graphical Abstract
Novel preparation of the entire isolated CNS from newborn rats unveils suprapontine modulation on brainstem and spinal networks. Preparation views (A) with and without legs attached (B). Successful fictive respiration occurs with fast dissection from P0-P2 rats (C). Decerebration speeds up respiratory rhythm (D) and reduces spinal reflexes derived from both ventral and dorsal lumbar roots (E).
How Cultural Transmission Through Objects Impacts Inferences About Cultural Evolution
Authors: Crema Enrico R. , Bortolini Eugenio , Lake Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe cross-fertilisation between biological and cultural evolution has led to an extensive borrowing of key concepts, theories, and statistical methods for studying temporal variation in the frequency of cultural variants. Archaeologists have been among the front-runners of those engaging with this endeavour, and the last 2 decades have seen a number of case studies where modes of social learning were inferred from the changing frequencies of artefacts. Here, we employ a simulation model to review and examine under-discussed assumptions shared by many of these applications on the nature of what constitutes the ‘population’ under study. We specifically ask (1) whether cultural transmission via ‘objects’ (i.e. public manifestations of cultural traits) generates distinct patterns from those expected from direct transmission between individuals and (2) whether basing inference on the frequency of objects rather than on the frequency of mental representations underlying the production of those objects may lead to biased interpretations. Our results show that the rate at which ideational cultural traits are embedded in objects, and shared as such, has a measurable impact on how we infer cultural transmission processes when analysing frequency-based archaeological data. At the same time, when cultural transmission is entirely mediated by the material representation of ideas, we argue that copying error should be interpreted as a two-step process which may occur in either one or both of embedding information in objects and retrieving it from them.
Characterizing Schwarz maps by tracial inequalities
Authors: Carlen Eric , Müller-Hermes Alexander 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet$$\phi $$ϕbe a positive map from the$$n\times n$$n×nmatrices$$\mathcal {M}_n$$Mnto the$$m\times m$$m×mmatrices$$\mathcal {M}_m$$Mm. It is known that$$\phi $$ϕis 2-positive if and only if for all$$K\in \mathcal {M}_n$$K∈Mnand all strictly positive$$X\in \mathcal {M}_n$$X∈Mn,$$\phi (K^*X^{-1}K) \geqslant \phi (K)^*\phi (X)^{-1}\phi (K)$$ϕ(K∗X-1K)⩾ϕ(K)∗ϕ(X)-1ϕ(K). This inequality is not generally true if$$\phi $$ϕis merely a Schwarz map. We show that the corresponding tracial inequality$${{\,\textrm{Tr}\,}}[\phi (K^*X^{-1}K)] \geqslant {{\,\textrm{Tr}\,}}[\phi (K)^*\phi (X)^{-1}\phi (K)]$$Tr[ϕ(K∗X-1K)]⩾Tr[ϕ(K)∗ϕ(X)-1ϕ(K)]holds for a wider class of positive maps that is specified here. We also comment on the connections of this inequality with various monotonicity statements that have found wide use in mathematical physics, and apply it, and a close relative, to obtain some new, definitive results.
Explosive Events in the Quiet Sun Near and Beyond the Solar Limb Observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)
Authors: Alissandrakis C. E. , Vial J.-C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study point-like explosive events (EE), characterized by emission in the far wings of spectral lines, in a quiet region near the South Pole, using Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spectra at two slit positions, slit-jaw (SJ) observations, and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images. The events were best visible in Si iv spectra; they were weak in SJs, occasionally visible in 1600 Å and 304 Å AIA images, and invisible in higher temperature AIA images. We identified EEs from position–time images in the far wings of the Si iv lines and measured their distance from the limb. A Gaussian model of the height distribution showed that EEs occur in a narrow (0.9′′) height range, centered at 3.2′′ above the continuum limb at 2832.0 Å. On the disk, we found that they occur in network boundaries. Further, we studied the line profiles of two bright EEs above the limb and one on the disk. We found that what appears as broad-band emission is actually a superposition of 2 – 3 narrow-band Gaussian components with well-separated line profiles, indicating that material is expelled towards and/or away from the observer in discrete episodes in time and in space. The expelled plasma accelerates quickly, reaching line-of-sight (LOS) velocities up to 90 km s−1. Overall, the motion was practically along the LOS, as the velocity on the plane of the sky was small. In some cases, tilted spectra were observed that could be interpreted in terms of rotating motions of up to 30 km s−1. We did not find any strong absorption features in the wing of the Si iv lines, although in one case, a very weak absorption feature was detected. No motions indicative of jets were detected in SJ or AIA images. Reconnection in an asymmetric magnetic-field geometry, in the middle or near the top of small loops, is a plausible explanation of their observational characteristics.
Audiologists’ perceived value of ototoxicity management and barriers to implementation for at-risk cancer patients in VA: the OtoMIC survey
Authors: Konrad-Martin Dawn , Polaski Rachel , DeBacker J. Riley , Theodoroff Sarah M. , Garinis Angela , Lacey Cecilia , Johansson Kirsten , Mannino Rosemarie , Milnes Trisha , Hungerford Michelle , Clark Khaya D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose

Platinum-based chemotherapies used to treat many types of cancers are ototoxic. Ototoxicity management (OtoM) to mitigate the ototoxic outcomes of cancer survivors is recommended practice yet it is not a standard part of oncologic care. Although more than 10,000 patients each year are treated with platinum-based chemotherapies at the US Veterans Health Administration (VA), the current state of OtoM in VA is not well-defined. This study reports on a national survey of VA audiologists’ perceptions regarding OtoM in cancer patients.

Methods
A 26-item online survey was administered to VA audiologists and service chiefs across the VA’s 18 regional systems of care. Descriptive statistics and deductive thematic analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results
The 61 respondents included at least one from each VA region. All reported they felt some form of OtoM was necessary for at-risk cancer patients. A pre-treatment baseline, the ability to detect ototoxicity early, and management of ototoxic effects both during and after treatment were considered high value objectives of OtoM by respondents. Roughly half reported routinely providing these services for patients receiving cisplatin and carboplatin. Respondents disagreed regarding appropriate hearing testing schedules and how to co-manage OtoM responsibilities with oncology. They identified barriers to care that conformed to three themes: care and referral coordination with oncology, audiology workload, and lack of protocols.

Conclusions
Although VA audiologists value providing OtoM for cancer patients, only about half perform OtoM for highly ototoxic treatment regimens. The OtoMIC survey provides clinician perspectives to benchmark and address OtoM care gaps.

Implications for cancer survivors
Collaboration between oncology and audiology is needed to improve current OtoM processes, so that cancer survivors can have more control over their long term hearing health.
Socially Assistive Devices in Healthcare–a Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence from an Ethical Perspective
Authors: Haltaufderheide Joschka , Lucht Annika , Strünck Christoph , Vollmann Jochen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocially assistive devices such as care robots or companions have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. An important part of the ethical evaluation is to understand how users interact with these devices and how interaction influences users’ perceptions and their ability to express themselves. In this review, we report and critically appraise findings of non-comparative empirical studies with regard to these effects from an ethical perspective.Electronic databases and other sources were queried using a comprehensive search strategy generating 9851 records. Studies were screened independently by two authors. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. For 22 reports on 21 datasets using a non-comparative design a narrative synthesis was performed.Data shows positive findings in regard to attitudes and emotional reactions of users. Varying perception of a social relation and social presence are the most commonly observed traits of interaction. Users struggle with understanding technical complexities while functionality of the devices is limited. This leads to a behavioral alignment of users towards the requirements of the devices to be able to make use of them.This evidence adds to three important ethical debates on the use of socially assistive devices in healthcare in regard to (1) reliability of existing empirical evidence to inform normative judgements, (2) ethical significance of the social presence of devices and (3) user autonomy in regard to behavioral alignment.
How Neurotech Start-Ups Envision Ethical Futures: Demarcation, Deferral, Delegation
Authors: Knopf Sophia , Frahm Nina , M. Pfotenhauer Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLike many ethics debates surrounding emerging technologies, neuroethics is increasingly concerned with the private sector. Here, entrepreneurial visions and claims of how neurotechnology innovation will revolutionize society—from brain-computer-interfaces to neural enhancement and cognitive phenotyping—are confronted with public and policy concerns about the risks and ethical challenges related to such innovations. But while neuroethics frameworks have a longer track record in public sector research such as the U.S. BRAIN Initiative, much less is known about how businesses—and especially start-ups—address ethics in tech development. In this paper, we investigate how actors in the field frame and enact ethics as part of their innovative R&D processes and business models. Drawing on an empirical case study on direct-to-consumer (DTC) neurotechnology start-ups, we find that actors engage in careful boundary-work to anticipate and address public critique of their technologies, which allows them to delineate a manageable scope of their ethics integration. In particular, boundaries are drawn around four areas: the technology’s actual capability, purpose, safety and evidence-base. By drawing such lines of demarcation, we suggest that start-ups make their visions of ethical neurotechnology in society more acceptable, plausible and desirable, favoring their innovations while at the same time assigning discrete responsibilities for ethics. These visions establish a link from the present into the future, mobilizing the latter as promissory place where a technology’s benefits will materialize and to which certain ethical issues can be deferred. In turn, the present is constructed as a moment in which ethical engagement could be delegated to permissive regulatory standards and scientific authority. Our empirical tracing of the construction of ‘ethical realities’ in and by start-ups offers new inroads for ethics research and governance in tech industries beyond neurotechnology.
The Dual Therapeutic Potential of Ottelione A on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Toxicity in Mice
Authors: Zahran Rasha Fekry , EL-sayed Lina Mahmoud , Hoye Thomas Robert , Ayyad Seif-Eldin Nasr 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Some herbal natural products play an important role in protecting organisms from the toxic effect of some xenobiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Ottelione A (OTTE) against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced toxicity in mice.

Methods
Adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups: group I was used as a normal control received olive oil; group II received DMSO; group III received OTTE; group IV received CCl4 in olive oil, (injected i.p) 3 times/week for 6 weeks; group V received the same CCl4 regimen as group IV followed by OTTE injected for 15 days, and group VI first received OTTE injected for 15 days followed by the same CCl4 regimen as group IV. Some biochemical and histological parameters were investigated.

Results
Our results showed that the administration of CCl4 caused hepatotoxicity, as monitored by the significant increase in biochemical parameters concerning the olive oil group. Treatment with OTTE appeare d to be effective against hepatotoxic and liver changes induced by CCl4, as evidenced by the improvement of the same parameters.

Conclusion
Ottelione A (OTTE) has good antioxidant and therapeutic properties, which can help in preventing CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in both pre-treatment and post-treatment modes.

Graphical Abstract
$$SU(2)^2$$-Invariant Gauge Theory on Asymptotically Conical Calabi–Yau 3-Folds
Authors: Stein Jakob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe give a complete description of the behaviour of Calabi–Yau instantons and monopoles with an$$SU(2)^2$$SU(2)2-symmetry, on Calabi–Yau 3-folds with asymptotically conical geometry and$$SU(2)^2$$SU(2)2acting with co-homogeneity one. We consider gauge theory on the smoothing and small resolution of the conifold, and on the canonical bundle of$$\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$$CP1×CP1, with their known asymptotically conical co-homogeneity one Calabi–Yau metrics, and find new one-parameter families of invariant instantons. We also entirely classify the relevant moduli-spaces of instantons and monopoles satisfying a natural curvature decay condition, and show that the expected bubbling phenomena occur in these families of instantons.
The Role of Cow’s Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression
Authors: Melnik Bodo C. , John Swen Malte , Carrera-Bastos Pedro , Cordain Loren , Leitzmann Claus , Weiskirchen Ralf , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review evaluates cow milk’s impact on breast carcinogenesis by linking recent epidemiological evidence and new insights into the molecular signaling of milk and its constituents in breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis.

Recent Findings
Recent prospective cohort studies support the association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of estrogen receptor-α-positive (ER+) BCa. Milk is a complex biological fluid that increases systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, and interacting hormonal promoters of BCa. Further potential oncogenic components of commercial milk include exosomal microRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p), bovine meat and milk factors, aflatoxin M1, bisphenol A, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics. Individuals with BRCA1 loss-of-function mutations and FTO and IGF1 gain-of-function polymorphisms enhancing IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling may be at increased risk for milk-induced ER+ BCa.

Summary
Recent prospective epidemiological and pathobiochemical studies identify commercial milk consumption as a critical risk factor of ER+ BCa. Large meta-analyses gathering individuals of different ethnic origins with milk derived from dairy cows of varying genetic backgrounds and diverse feeding procedures as well as missing data on thermal processing of milk (pasteurization versus ultra-heat treatment) make multi-national meta-analyses unsuitable for BCa risk estimations in susceptible populations. Future studies are required that consider all vulnerable periods of breast carcinogenesis to cow’s milk exposure, beginning during the perinatal period and puberty, since these are the most critical periods of mammary gland morphogenesis. Notwithstanding the need for better studies including detailed information on milk processing and vulnerable periods of human breast carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that dietary guidelines on milk consumption may have to be reconsidered.
Increase in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in Switzerland: a nationwide surveillance study (2008–2021)
Authors: Renggli Luzia , Gasser Michael , Buetti Niccolò , Kronenberg Andreas ,   the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
An increasing burden of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (BSI), despite a decrease in the percentage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), was described recently in other European countries. The main aim of this study was to analyse recent temporal trends of S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA BSI for Switzerland as well as the different linguistic regions within Switzerland. An additional aim was to estimate potential differences among patient-based and epidemiological risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted in Switzerland over a period of 14 years (2008–2021). Trends in S. aureus, MSSA and MRSA BSI were analysed by applying linear regression models.

Results
Staphylococcus aureus BSI increased by + 30% from 19.7 to 25.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants between 2008 and 2021 (P < 0.01) in Switzerland. Thereof, MSSA increased by + 37% from 17.8 to 24.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (P < 0.01). MRSA decreased from 1.9 to 1.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (P < 0.01), which was driven by decreasing incidence in the French-speaking region. MSSA BSI increased significantly (P < 0.01) in both linguistic regions. A further stratification revealed that incidence increased the most in male patients of the age group ≥ 80 years of the German-speaking region.

Conclusion
The increasing health burden of MSSA BSI in Switzerland indicates that not only proportions of resistant microorganisms but also total BSI incidences should be monitored. In addition, data stratification revealed that the increase was mainly driven by an increasing incidence in elderly males of the German-speaking region.
Residual stress stability of HFMI-treated transverse attachments under variable amplitude loading with the P(1/3) and the linear spectrum
Authors: Löschner Daniel , Diekhoff Paul , Schiller Richard , Engelhardt Imke , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe potential of HFMI treatment to increase fatigue life under service loading remains in debate. However, some recent studies show that even under variable amplitude loading (VAL), fatigue strength is increased compared to untreated welds. Discussions generally focus on the stability of initial compressive residual stresses, which may be reduced during VAL due to high peak stresses. In this context, the potential of HFMI treatment is often only attributed to residual stress stability. This study presents further results on the effect of VAL with a P(1/3) and a linear load spectrum on the residual stress stability of HFMI-treated transverse stiffeners (TS) made of mild steel (S355) and high-strength steel (S700M). The impact of random, High-Low and Low-High loading sequences on the fatigue strength as well as on the residual stress behaviour of HFMI-treated joints will be discussed.