bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CLINICAL-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP TO ADDRESS OLDER ADULTS’ SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH NEEDS
Authors: Bolkan Cory , Weaver Raven , Geissal Erik , Wise-Swanson Breanne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDH) are non-medical social needs key to reducing health disparities and improving health outcomes. Adequately identifying patients’ unmet SDH needs in primary care (PC) is a critical first step in addressing them, yet many questions remain regarding feasibility and implementation of screenings and how to effectively meet patients’ needs and improve their outcomes. With formative and process evaluation analyses, we report on the development and implementation of a community-based pilot study to proactively target high-risk, low-income, older patients with SDH needs. Over a six-month planning period, leadership from a PC clinic and a community based aging services organization (CBO) collaboratively created a shared infrastructure for in-office SDH screening by clinicians with direct referral to CBO for SDH support. The research team addressed challenges of workflow and barriers to sharing/accessing electronic health records. The pilot program will cover a 2-year period (12-month enrollment; 12-month follow-up) in which patients are screened at annual visits and followed-up in the community. In the first 6 months, 286 patients were screened, from which 34 (12%) CBO referrals were made, and nine patients were receptive to receiving more information, suggesting a need to explore patient barriers and receptiveness to services/supports. We report on lessons learned, adaptations to the pilot, efforts to increase identification of eligible patients, and strategies to enhance uptake of services beyond the traditional health care setting. Investment in health and aging services partnerships is a viable pathway to reducing health care use and spending, especially for older adult populations
ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: RESULTS FROM THE INTERGENERATIONAL CONNECTIONS PROJECT
Authors: Xu Ling , Fields Noelle , Lomelin Alan Adolfo Kunz , Daniel Kathryn , Cipher Daisha , Troutman Brooke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To improve college students’ attitudes toward aging, an intergenerational intervention was implemented to connect them with community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment. College students were trained to make weekly phone calls to Meals on Wheels clients (age 65+). This study was an investigation of changes in college students’ attitudes toward aging over the course of study participation.College students aged 18 to 30 from a large public university in North Texas were recruited. Participants (n = 41) completed surveys through QuestionPro at baseline, midway, and at the end of the study. The Fraboni Scale of Ageism was used to measure attitudes toward aging. Friedman tests and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs were computed. Results indicated that college students’ total ageism scores significantly improved over time (F(2, 76)=4.491, p=.014), as well as their antilocution ageism scores (F(2, 76)=5.075, p=.007), and their avoidance ageism scores (F(2, 76)=3.844, p=.026). In addition, scores on six specific items significantly improved after participating in the study: “Many old people are stingy and hoard their money and possessions”, “Many old people are not interested in making new friends‚”, “Many old people just live in the past”, “I personally would not want to spend much time with an old person”, “Most old people should not be trusted to take care of infants”, and “Most old people would be considered to have poor personal hygiene”. Results suggest that weekly engagement with older adults offers promise for improving attitudes towards aging among college students. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
IS ACTIVE AGING POSSIBLE IN ETHIOPIA? PERCEPTIONS OF RURAL OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Teshome Abraham , Kotecho Messay , Adamek Margaret 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite historical veneration of elders, older adults are increasingly viewed as a burden in many Sub Saharan African nations. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the aging experiences of 20 adults aged 70 and older in rural Ethiopia. Themes that emerged from the interviews were analyzed in light of the three pillars of the World Health Organization’s Active Aging Framework: health, security, and participation. Despite facing multiple barriers to active aging including lack of health care, financial hardship, ageism, and social exclusion, study participants were determined not to withdraw from activities in an effort to retain their autonomy, independence, and sense of dignity. As one participant shared, "the government does not care about us because it considers us as a useless segment of the society." Three themes reflected their major struggles: dwindling health and lack of access to health care, financial hardship, and social exclusion tied to ageism. The fourth theme--willful and purposive engagement--reflects the older adults’ response to these struggles. Contrary to myths about rural aging, study participants faced multifaceted challenges that kept them from realizing active ageing as they were not provided with sustained opportunities for health, security, and participation. Study findings point to the need for policymakers and other concerned bodies to develop supportive policies and programs to promote older adults’ well-being. The study calls for a paradigm shift that involves adopting the WHO’s Active Aging Framework, developing rights-based policies and programs, popularizing active aging, and revitalizing intergenerational solidarity.
CENTENARIANS IN SWEDISH MASS MEDIA: IS IT REVERSE AGEISM?
Authors: Torgé Cristina , Nyman Rosita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies on ageism often deal with negative stereotypes due to increasing age. Seldom studied is the increase in status that seems to occur at the turning point of 100 years. This study explores how centenarians are portrayed in Swedish media texts and relates this to mechanisms of ageism and age coding. We used Retriever database, which is the biggest Nordic database containing news media, to search for press articles concerning 100- to 105-year-olds. Our search resulted in 1468 articles, consisting of both news articles and feature articles. Excluding articles that did not deal with persons, articles with a paywall and redundant articles resulted in 235 articles. We analyzed (1) the contexts in which centenarians appeared, (2) the relevance of the persons’ age to the event and (3) feelings and values evoked in the articles. On the one hand, news reports evoke how centenarians ought to be shielded from harm and emphasize the indignity of even small wrongdoings. On the other hand, feature articles often use superhuman adjectives to describe centenarians, and emphasize their “youthfulness”. In birthday features, there was also an expectation for centenarians to publicize their celebrations and there was a recurrent trope was that centenarians held well-kept secrets about ageing well. Portrayals of centenarians show that they are an esteemed group. However, we also interpret that these portrayals can hide other forms of ageism, particularly compassionate ageism, and a stereotyping of centenarians that play down ill health and emphasize youthfulness at the extremes of old age.
CONTINUING BONDS OR UNBREAKABLE VOWS?: CONJUGALLY BEREAVED WOMEN'S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT REPARTNERING
Authors: Hackett Sara 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The death of a romantic partner is regarded as one of life's most traumatic events. Despite established benefits from repartnering, women are typically less likely to repartner than men. Women oftentimes live longer than men and carry their grief into old age, but little is known about their integration of their loss into their lives going forward. Twenty conjugally bereaved women (Mean age = 78) participated in one 90-minute semi-structured interview to discuss their grief and their perceptions of their futures without their deceased partner. Thematic analysis revealed that participants viewed the deceased as an integral member of their present-day social convoy. Furthermore, participants expressed that they were averse to entering new romantic relationships because of either allegiance to the deceased, hesitancy about their age, or disinterest in caregiving for a subsequent partner. By exploring the reasons behind women’s resistance to repartnering, interventions may be developed to better support them.
THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON RELIEVING NURSES' AGEISM TOWARD OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Rababa Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous research has approved the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in managing some psychological problems. However, no previous has examined its impact on nurses’ death anxiety and ageism.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on a total of 110 nurses who were randomly assigned to the study groups to test the effectiveness of CBT to reduce nurses’ death anxiety and ageism. The intervention was comprised of multiple training sessions delivered in five modules with the incorporation of several CBT exercises which are guided by the principles of Terror Management Theory.

Results
Overall, using CBT revealed a significant improvement in nurses’ level of death anxiety and ageism among the intervention group compared to the control group. CBT nurses had lower levels of ageism and death anxiety than those in the control group.

Conclusions
the use of CBT is very effective in relieving nurses’ death anxiety and ageism. The findings of the study have proved CBT is an innovative and creative psychological intervention that improves nurses’ psychological well-being and relieves stress and anxiety experiences associated with caring for older adults such as death anxiety which is the precursor of ageism. Future studies are recommended to examine the impact of CBT on other types of prejudices, including sexism and racism among nurses.Relevance to clinical practice: These findings could contribute to improved quality of life and healthcare provided to older adults. CBT could be a crucial component of the ongoing training program for gerontological nurses to target their ageism.
PERCEIVED WORKPLACE AGEISM AND OLDER WORKERS DURING THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Sahin Duygu Basaran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Age discrimination claims filed with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission increased sharply at the beginning of the Great Recession (GR) and stayed elevated. Moreover, despite having lower unemployment rates compared to younger workers, older workers' unemployment lasted longer. Previous studies suggest that age discrimination might have extended the unemployment duration for older workers. However, no study has examined the role of perceived workplace ageism in older workers’ employment outcomes during the GR. This paper uses longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to answer the following question: Were older workers who reported to perceive workplace ageism more likely to be unemployed or quit the labor force during the Great Recession? The baseline sample consists of workers aged 51 or older in 2006 (N=4,176). Multinomial logistic regression results show that older workers who agreed that in decisions about promotion, their employer gives younger people preference over older people, were more likely (RRR 2.05, p=0.01) to lose employment in 2008 than being employed, controlling for age, gender, race, education, health, marital status and job characteristics. Older workers who agreed that their co-workers make older workers feel that they have to retire before age 65, were more likely (RRR 1.63, p=0.002) to quit the labor force in 2008 than being employed, controlling for the aforementioned variables. These findings shine light on the important role that perceived workplace ageism played in older workers' employment outcomes during the GR.
COMMON NONCARDIOVASCULAR MULTIMORBIDITY PATTERNS AND OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Sison Stephanie Denise , Lin Joshua K , Najafzadeh Mehdi , Patorno Elisabetta , Bessette Lily G , Zakoul Heidi , Kim Dae 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Non-cardiovascular multimorbidity often coexists in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their clinical significance is uncertain. Using Medicare data, we examined common non-cardiovascular comorbidity patterns and their association with clinical outcomes in beneficiaries with congestive heart failure (CHF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or atrial fibrillation (AF). We created 3 CVD cohorts of beneficiaries diagnosed with CHF (n=57,285), AMI (n=24,808), and AF (n=36,277) before January 1, 2016. Within each cohort, we applied latent class analysis to classify beneficiaries based on 7 non-cardiovascular comorbidities, including dementia, cancer, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic lung disease, depression, diabetes, and musculoskeletal disease. Mortality, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular hospitalization, and home time lost until December 31, 2016 were compared across non-cardiovascular multimorbidity classes. Similar non-cardiovascular multimorbidity classes emerged from 3 CVD cohorts: 1) minimal, 2) depression (or lung-depression in AMI cohort), 3) diabetes-CKD, and 4) multi-system class. Compared to minimal class, multi-system class had the highest risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 3.0 to 3.7), cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.6 to 3.4) and non-cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 2.8 to 6.0), and home time lost (rate ratio, 2.8 to 4.8), followed by lung-depression/depression or diabetes-CKD classes. In CHF and AF cohorts, multimorbidity classes were associated with greater increase in non-cardiovascular hospitalizations than cardiovascular hospitalizations. Our findings emphasize that improving health of older adults with CVD requires attention to non-cardiovascular multimorbidity.
ELDERLY MOUSE DETRUSOR MAINTAINS ITS PEAK FORCE OF CONTRACTION OVER TIME
Authors: Mortman Nadav , Ramasamy Ramalakshmi , Smith Phillip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for urinary dysfunction. Detrusor weakening has been thought to contribute to the old bladder phenotype. Animal detrusor strips have been used to study bladder function. Strength of contraction in detrusor strips depends on length. This is referred to as the “length-tension relationship.” The aim of our study was to investigate this relationship in a mouse model by comparing the length-tension relationship in old and mature mice. We hypothesize that aging is associated with no change in active detrusor tension capability, however maximal tension will occur at longer lengths.We used two groups of male C57/Bl6 mice for this study, mature 11-12 month old mice and old 22-23 month old mice. Longitudinal intact bladder strips were harvested and placed in a vertical tissue bath between tension recording transducer hooks. Passive tensions and KCl induced contraction tensions for step-wise increments of stretch were observed.In the old group, normalized strip length at the point of maximum active tension was increased by ~13% on average as compared to the mature group with a statistically significant difference (P value 0.0171). Interestingly, the maximum active tension between groups did not differ by age. In conclusion, detrusor from old mice achieve similar maximum active tensions as that from mature mice, however at an increased length. This finding argues against a common belief that the bladder weakens with age. Instead, the aging bladder may adapt to increased filling volumes with an ability to operate at a similar strength of a younger bladder.
OBESITY MAY UNDERLIE SKELETAL MUSCLE AUTOIMMUNITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Zhang Tan , Feng Xin , Dong Juan , Beavers Kristen , Kritchevsky Stephen , Nicklas Barbara 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the biological basis for sarcopenia could lead to novel biomarkers and intervention targets. We recently reported a novel role of autoimmunity in sarcopenia, which is potentially mediated through cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and its autoantibody. Given the known role of obesity in both autoimmunity and sarcopenia, we further explored the association between circulating cTnT or skeletal muscle IgG and obesity in older adults. We found that, in 37 older adults (NCT01049698, BMI: 30.8 ± 2.3 kg/m²; Age: 69 ± 3.5 yrs) without any cardiac abnormality, serum cTnT was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle volume (r = -0.37, p = 0.02) and leg extension strength (r = -0.38, p = 0.02), but positively correlated with body fat/muscle volume ratio (r = 0.37, p = 0.03). In two other studies including older adults (n = 11 & 12) from a subset of subjects (NCT01049698 & NCT01298817), skeletal muscle IgG1 (GAPDH normalized level by immunoblot) was found to be positively associated with BMI or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived regional fat measurements, including fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, or thigh fat. We also found that subjects with higher skeletal muscle IgG1 protein levels have significantly higher BMI but lower knee extensor strength. Our finding suggests that obesity may underlie increased circulating cTnT and skeletal muscle IgG infiltration. It also warrants additional investigation into its role in skeletal muscle autoimmunity in older adults.
APPLYING STRESS AND COPING THEORY TO UNDERSTAND DIURETIC ADHERENCE EXPERIENCES IN THOSE WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Meraz Rebecca , Osteen Kathryn , McGee Jocelyn , Noblitt Paul , Viejo Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and costly condition, affecting at least 6 million Americans. The ventricular dysfunction associated with HF results in fluid volume overload, which is commonly managed with diuretics. Despite the benefits of diuretics, some individuals with HF report bothersome and stressful side effects and intentionally do not adhere. Positive intrinsic motivators, such as positive emotions, may benefit individuals in their adaptation to medication-related stress. However, there has been limited study of these potential motivators in older adults with HF. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to understand intrinsic factors underlying diuretic adherence in adults with HF using the transaction theory of stress and coping. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, 82 adults who were hospitalized for HF and prescribed home diuretics were interviewed. The findings of the current study revealed the ways participants appraised diuretics and how they overcame the perceived medication effects so they could adhere to the medication. Data analysis revealed three themes: (1) diuretics are bothersome (2) staying positive in the midst of hardship, and (3) adapting to endure. Adherent participants stayed positive amid the perceived medication-related hardship, maintaining resilient and grateful attitudes. Adherent participants adapted to bothersome diuretic effects and utilized creative strategies for adherence. More research is needed to understand the relationships between resilience, adaptive coping, and adherence to diuretics.
STRUCTURAL DISCRIMINATORY FACTORS RELATED TO COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG OLDER HISPANICS: RESULTS FROM HRS
Authors: Gonzales Ernest , Whetung Cliff 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A growing body of research reveals how interpersonal and structural discriminatory factors undermine cognitive functioning among older Black and White adults, yet few studies have focused on older Hispanics in the United States. We examined cognitive health trajectories among 1,513 Hispanic men and women in the Health and Retirement Study (2008-2020) with mixed-effects regression. The majority (71%) of older Hispanics reported less than a college education. This older Hispanic sample often attributed everyday and major discrimination to nativity, race, age, and gender. In multivariate analyses, education, marital status, total household assets, mental health (depression), physical activity (regular vigorous exercise), and multi-morbidity (a weighted index) were all associated with cognitive functioning and in the expected directions. Surprisingly, cognitive functioning did not vary by gender. Living in neighborhoods characterized by physical disorder and social cohesion by respondents, were associated with cognitive functioning at the bivariate level, but only neighborhood physical disorder held association at the multivariate level. Perceived everyday and major discriminatory experiences were not associated with total cognition at the bivariate or multi-variate levels. Results from this study suggest interventions that target access to higher education, as well as chronic health conditions and neighborhood factors, can optimize cognitive functioning. Stratified analyses and interaction effects are needed to tease out the diversity of older Hispanic adults by nativity, acculturation, interpersonal discrimination, and cognitive health.
DOES SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT FOSTER GENERATIVITY AND GOOD CITIZENSHIP AMONG THE THIRD AGERS IN JAPAN?
Authors: Katagiri Keiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The labor force rate of those in their sixties have been increasing in Japan. Active Theory assumes that continuing activity is good for their well-being. Several researches also elucidate positive effects of work on older adults. Further, Japan has a mandatory retirement age of 60 years; though, persons can restart their work under contract labor. Katagiri proposed a social engagement model for third agers, which assumes that work for third agers cannot be the purpose in life and suggests three activities social participation, civic activities and work. This study examines the effect of the three activities on third agers. Random sampling survey was conducted in 2019 on people living in Tokyo and Hyogo prefecture. The response rate was 43.0% (N = 665, aged 60-74). Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to examine the effect of the three activities on generativity, sense of community, social contribution orientation, interest in politics by gender, and the robust positive effects of social and civic activities for male and civic activities for female. Though no effect of work existed, interaction effects of work and other activities were observed. Those working with social or civic activities had higher generativity. Among people with civic activity, working males showed higher sense of community while working females showed higher interest in politics. Males engaged only in work showed no such sense. The results suggest engaging only in work do not foster their development and engagement in social and civic activities are required to enrich their lives.