bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household socioeconomic status relates to specific hippocampal subfield volumes across development
Authors: Canada Kelsey L. , Homayouni Roya , Yu Qijing , Foster Da' Jonae , Ramesh Sruthi , Raz Sarah , Daugherty Ana M. , Ofen Noa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe hippocampus is composed of cytoarchitecturally distinct subfields that support specific memory functions. Variations in total hippocampal volume across development have been linked to socioeconomic status (SES), a proxy for access to material resources, medical care, and quality education. High childhood household SES is associated with greater cognitive abilities in adulthood. Currently, it is not known whether household SES differentially impacts specific hippocampal subfield volumes. We assessed susceptibility of subfields to variations in household SES across development in a sample of 167 typically developing 5‐ to 25‐year‐old. Bilateral cornu ammonis (CA) 1–2, combined CA3‐dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum (Sub) volumes were measured by highly reliable manual segmentation of high‐resolution T2‐weighted images and adjusted for intracranial volume. A summary component score of SES measures (paternal education, maternal education, and income‐to‐needs ratio) was used to examine variability in volumes across ages. We did not identify age‐related differences in any of the regional volumes, nor did age modify SES‐related effects. Controlling for age, larger volumes of CA3‐DG and CA1‐2 were associated with lower SES, while Sub volume was not. Overall, these findings support the specific impact of SES on CA3‐DG and CA1‐2 and highlight the importance of considering environmental influences on hippocampal subfield development.
Report of PRPF19 as a novel partner of RARG and the recurrence of interposition‐type fusion in variant acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Wu Huanling , Li Hongjun , Zhou Xiaosu , Zhao Zongchen , Cao Panxiang , Li Li , Ma Xiaoli , Yuan Lili , Wang Fang , Zhang Yang , Chen Jiaqi , Fang Jiancheng , Liu Ming , Liu Mingyue , Chen Xue , Liu Hongxing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which is characterized by specific clinical and biological features. Typical APL cases are caused by PML::RARA fusion gene and are exquisitely sensitive to all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Rarely, APLs are caused by atypical fusions involving RARA or, in fewer cases still, fusions involving other members of the retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG). To date, seven partner genes of RARG have been reported in a total of 18 cases of variant APL. Patients with RARG fusions showed distinct clinical resistance to ATRA and had poor outcomes. Here, we report PRPF19 gene as a novel partner of RARG and identify a rare interposition‐type gene fusion in a variant APL patient with a rapidly fatal clinical course. The incomplete ligand‐binding domain of RARG in the fusion protein may account for the clinical ATRA resistance in this patient. These results broaden the spectrum of variant APL associated molecular aberrations. Accurately and timely identification of these rare gene fusions in variant APL is essential to guide therapeutic decisions.
Asthma control and care among six public health clinic attenders in Malaysia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hussein Norita , Liew Su May , Hanafi Nik Sherina , Lee Ping Yein , Cheong Ai Theng , Ghazali Sazlina Shariff , Chinna Karuthan , Pang Yong Kek , Kassim Asiah , Parker Richard A. , Schwarze Jürgen , Sheikh Aziz , Pinnock Hilary , Khoo Ee Ming ,   the RESPIRE Collaborators
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAsthma is common in Malaysia but neglected. Achieving optimal asthma control and care is a challenge in the primary care setting. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for poor asthma control and pattern of care among adults and children (5–17 years old) with asthma attending six public health clinics in Klang District, Malaysia.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study collecting patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, asthma control, trigger factors, healthcare use, asthma treatment, and monitoring and use of asthma action plan. Descriptive statistics and stepwise logistic regression were used in data analysis.ResultsA total of 1280 patients were recruited; 85.3% adults and 14.7% children aged 5–17 years old. Only 34.1% of adults had well‐controlled asthma, 36.5% had partly controlled asthma, and 29.4% had uncontrolled asthma. In children, 54.3% had well‐controlled asthma, 31.9% had partly controlled, and 13.8% had uncontrolled asthma. More than half had experienced one or more exacerbations in the last 1 year, with a mean of six exacerbations in adults and three in children. Main triggers for poor control in adults were haze (odds ratio [OR] 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.01); cold food (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.15–2.07), extreme emotion (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.26–2.89); air‐conditioning (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.20–2.22); and physical activity (OR 2.85; 95% CI 2.13–3.82). In children, hot weather (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.22–8.11), and allergic rhinitis (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.13–5.82) contributed to poor control. The majority (81.7% of adults and 64.4% of children) were prescribed controller medications, but only 42.4% and 29.8% of the respective groups were compliant with the treatment. The importance of an asthma action plan was reported less emphasized in asthma education.ConclusionAsthma control remains suboptimal. Several triggers, compliance to controller medications, and asthma action plan use require attention during asthma reviews for better asthma outcomes.
Preisolation measures and clinical features for pediatric patients with suspicious COVID‐19
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Jiang Fengqiong , Qiu Yun , Yu Jing , Zhu Yan , Tang Xiaoli , Chen Hongyan , Hu Tingting , Zhao Yinghan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, many cases of COVID‐19 were reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. In the following 3 months, the disease out broke in China. Preisolation measures was used to screen out COVID‐19 patients in the pediatric respiratory ward of our hospital.AimsTo investigate the new measures for screening COVID‐19 patients and to analyze the clinical features of children with suspicious COVID‐19.MethodsA total of 50 preisolated children with suspicious COVID‐19 who were admitted to our hospital in Mianyang, China, between January 28 and March 5, 2020, were included. Patients presented with fever and cough or fever accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. A detailed epidemiological history screening was performed. A real‐time reverse‐transcriptase–polymerase‐chain‐reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to detect SARS‐COV‐2 nucleic acid. Low‐dose chest computed tomography (CT) was applied when pneumonia was suspicious. Routine blood tests were performed to rule out COVID‐19. Patients' data were collected, and the basic clinical features, epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination results, and outcomes were analyzed and summarized.ResultsNo definite cases were detected, while two patients were suspected of having COVID‐19. The pathogenic results of the 50 patients mainly included Mycoplasma pneumoniae, followed by Epstein–Barr virus, and rotavirus. Thirty‐five patients suffered from bronchopneumonia. The preisolated patients had similar clinical and epidemiological characteristics as patients with fever, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea.ConclusionsPreisolation measures combined with pathogen screening can minimize the risk of hospital‐acquired infections by preventing patients with suspicious COVID‐19 from contacting other patients before they are explicitly excluded. Clinical analysis of the patients was helpful for clinical nursing management.
Interprofessional simulation as an enhancement of psychological fidelity: A focus group study of medical and nursing students
Authors: Burford Bryan , Grieg Paul , Kelleher Mike , Merriman Clair , Platt Alan , Richards Elize , Davidson Neil , Vance Gill 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsInterprofessional simulation has the potential to enhance the perceived realism of clinical simulation in the education of different healthcare professionals. This study considers how the inclusion of more than one profession in clinical simulation contributes to this psychological fidelity, defined as the subjective perception of the realism of a simulation, and the cues identified by medical and nursing students.MethodsEight focus groups were carried out with 27 medical and 18 nursing students in Newcastle and Oxford, UK. These were carried out immediately after students' participation in simulation sessions consisting of three acute scenarios. Focus group discussions encompassed perceptions of the realism of the simulation and of participants' own and other professional groups. Thematic analysis was carried out on transcripts.ResultsThe analysis identified features of psychological fidelity that were influenced by the interprofessional element of the simulation. These included overall impressions of realism, and the perceived roles and expectations of doctors and nurses within the simulation. In particular, the presence of the other professional group afforded a more authentic response. Other features varied with the viewpoint of the student groups, in particular the realism of the patient manikin, which held lower psychological fidelity for the nursing students, because it did not allow them to fulfill their perceived role of delivering holistic, relational care.ConclusionRecognizing “psychological fidelity” as a subjective response to simulation allows greater consideration of the limitations of fidelity as a designed or engineered property of a simulation. While interprofessional involvement directly enhances psychological fidelity in some ways, potential differences in the views of students from different professional groups should be considered when implementing interprofessional simulation.
Preventative interventions by dental care professionals in Africa on oral human papillomavirus, gonorrheal, chlamydial, syphilitic and trichomonas infections: A scoping review
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Amzat Jimoh , Salami Afeez A. , Egbedina Eyinade A. , Braimah Ramat O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrheal, chlamydial, syphilitic and trichomonas infections are very common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Africa. However, no known study has reviewed the available evidence concerning the preventative interventions by dental care professionals (DCPs) in Africa on oral STDs; hence, this scoping review was conducted to evaluate the research landscape of this topic area in Africa.MethodsThe scoping review methodology and documentation were informed by the Arksey and O'Malley's guideline, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis extension for conducting Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist, and the AMSTAR‐2 guideline. Ten electronic research databases were searched to retrieve literatures relevant to the scoping review question. The retrieved literature were deduplicated and screened for eligibility based on the review's selection criteria. Data charting, collation and summarization were intended to be done in this review, but it could not be done because no relevant literature was found eligible for inclusion into this scoping review.ResultsA total of 523 literature were retrieved. After deduplication of the retrieved literatures, the residual literatures (n = 353) were screened for eligibility for inclusion into the review, of which no eligible article was found. Hence, this scoping review was an empty review.ConclusionThis empty scoping review demonstrates that DCPs in Africa do not engage in research‐based oral STD prevention. Therefore, the implementation of research‐based preventative interventions, by DCPs, on oral STDs should be encouraged in Africa.
Dairy workers' preferences for compensatory benefits: A field choice experiment with US immigrants and students
Authors: Caputo Vincenzina , Kaminski Danielle M. , Porter Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe designed a discrete choice experiment to elicit preferences for compensatory benefits among two sets of workers in the dairy sector: immigrants and US college students planning to work in the sector. We find that immigrants rank benefits as follows (highest to lowest): retirement plan, health insurance, milk quality incentive bonus, housing assistance, and a bonus meat allotment. Immigrant workers are willing to pay more for a retirement plan and health insurance than college students. Neither group prefers to work more than 48 h per week. Our findings inform ongoing debates on the role of immigrant and industry‐trained dairy workers.
Effect of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation on neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia injury and apoptotic gene expression
Authors: Azadbakht Zahra , Fanaei Hamed , Karajibani Mansour , Montazerifar Farzaneh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveHypoxia‐ischemia (HI) is one of the major disorders that causes a variety of abnormalities and infant mortality. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common worldwide metabolic disorders, and its prevalence has become one of the public health concerns of the 21st century. This study aims to evaluate the effect of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation on vulnerability to neonatal HI in rats.Materials and methodsFemale Wistar rats (weighing 200 ± 220 g) were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (rats that received 0.5 mL/day of normal saline solution) and Group 2 (type 1 diabetes was induced in rats on the second day of pregnancy with a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate [150 mg/kg]). After delivery, offspring were divided into four groups: (a) Control (Co), (b) Diabetic (DI), (c) Hypoxia‐ischemia (HI), (d) HI + Diabetic (HI + DI). Seven days after HI induction, neurobehavioral tests were performed, and then cerebral edema, infarct volume, inflammatory factors, Bax‐Bcl2 expression, and oxidative stress were measured.ResultsThe BAX level in the DI + HI (p = 0.0355) group was significantly higher than the HI group. The Bcl‐2 expression levels in the HI (p = 0.0027) and DI + HI (p < 0.0001) groups were significantly lower than the DI group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the DI + HI (p < 0.0001) group were significantly lower than HI and CO groups. TNF‐α, CRP, and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the DI + HI (p < 0.0001) group were significantly higher than the HI group. Infarct volume and cerebral edema in the DI + HI (p < 0.0001) group were significantly higher than the HI group.ConclusionAccording to the results, type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation increased the destructive effects of HI injury in pups. It also decreased the expression of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and increased the expression BAX apoptosis factor gene in pups.
Combination of novel oncolytic herpesvirus with paclitaxel as an efficient strategy for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Deng Xinyue , Shen Yinan , Yi Ming , Zhang Chaomei , Zhao Bin , Zhong Guansheng , WeiyangLou  , Xue Dixuan , Leng Qi , Ding Jun , zhao Ronghua , Jia Weiguo , Dong Chenfang , Dai Zhijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNew strategies are needed to improve the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC). Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising new tool for cancer treatment but still has a limited overall durable antitumor response. A novel replicable recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 called VG161 has been developed and has demonstrated antitumor effects in several cancers. Here, we explored the efficacy and the antitumor immune response of VG161 cotreatment with paclitaxel (PTX) which as a novel oncolytic viral immunotherapy for BC.MethodsThe antitumor effect of VG161 and PTX was confirmed in a BC xenograft mouse model. The immunostimulatory pathways were tested by RNA‐seq and the remodeling of tumor microenvironment was detected by Flow cytometry analysis or Immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary lesions were analyzed by the EMT6‐Luc BC model.ResultsIn this report, we demonstrate that VG161 can significantly represses BC growth and elicit a robust antitumor immune response in a mouse model. The effect is amplified when combined with PTX treatment. The antitumor effect is associated with the infiltration of lymphoid cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells (expressing TNF and IFN‐γ), and myeloid cells, including macrophages, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cell cells. Additionally, VG161 cotreatment with PTX showed a significant reduction in BC lung metastasis, which may result from the enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell‐mediated responses.ConclusionsThe combination of PTX and VG161 is effective for repressing BC growth by inducing proinflammatory changes in the tumor microenvironment and reducing BC pulmonary metastasis. These data will provide a new strategy and valuable insight for oncolytic virus therapy applications in primary solid or metastatic BC tumors.
Irisin inhibits tenocyte response to inflammation in vitro: New insights into tendon‐muscle cross‐talk
Authors: Di Giacomo Giuseppina , Vadalà Gianluca , Ambrosio Luca , Cicione Claudia , Tilotta Veronica , Cannata Francesca , Russo Fabrizio , Papalia Rocco , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTendinopathy is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders with significant repercussions on quality of life and sport activities. Physical exercise (PE) is considered the first‐line approach to treat tendinopathy due renowned mechanobiological effects on tenocytes. Irisin, a recently identified myokine released during PE, has been recognized for several beneficial effects towards muscle, cartilage, bone, and intervertebral disc tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irisin on human primary tenocytes (hTCs) in vitro. Human tendons were harvested from specimens of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 4). After isolation and expansion, hTCs were treated with RPMI medium (negative control), interleukin (IL)−1β or tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (positive controls; 10 ng/mL), irisin (5, 10, 25 ng/mL), IL‐1β or TNF‐α pretreatment and subsequent co‐treatment with irisin, pretreatment with irisin and subsequent co‐treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α. hTC metabolic activity, proliferation, and nitrite production were evaluated. Detection of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated p38 and ERK was performed. Tissue samples were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate irisin αVβ5 receptor expression. Irisin significantly increased hTC proliferation and metabolic activity, while reducing the production of nitrites both before and after the addition of IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Interestingly, irisin reduced p‐p38 and pERK levels in inflamed hTCs. The αVβ5 receptor was uniformly expressed on hTC plasma membranes, supporting the potential binding of irisin. This is the first study reporting the capacity of irisin to target hTCs and modulating their response to inflammatory stresses, possibly orchestrating a biological crosstalk between the muscle and tendon.
Rat model of recalcitrant prosthetic joint infection using biofilm inocula
Authors: Irwin Stuart , Wang Tao , Bolam Scott M. , Alvares Sydel , Swift Simon , Cornish Jillian , Williams Dustin L. , Ashton Nicholas N. , Matthews Brya G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProsthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but devastating complication of joint arthroplasty. Biofilm formation around the prosthesis confers tolerance to antibiotics so that treatment is challenging. Most animal models of PJI use planktonic bacteria to establish the infection which fails to reproduce the pathology of chronic infection. We aimed to establish a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus PJI in male Sprague–Dawley rats using biofilm inocula and demonstrate its tolerance to frontline antibiotics. Pilot studies indicated that infection could be introduced to the knee joint by a biofilm‐coated pin but that handling the prosthetic without disturbing the biofilm was difficult. We, therefore, developed a pin with a slotted end and used a miniature‐biofilm reactor to develop mature biofilm in this niche. These biofilm‐laden pins consistently produced infection of the bone and joint space. Treatment with high dose cefazolin, 250 mg/kg, starting the day of surgery reduced or cleared pin‐adherent bioburden within 7 days, however when escalation from 25 to 250 mg/kg cefazolin treatment was delayed for 48 h, rats were unable to clear the infection. To track infections, we used bioluminescent bacteria, however, the bioluminescent signal did not accurately track the degree of infection in the bone and joint space as the signal did not penetrate the bone. In conclusion, we demonstrate that using a custom prosthetic pin, we can generate biofilm in a specific niche using a novel bioreactor setup and initiate a rat PJI that rapidly develops tolerance to supra‐clinical doses of cefazolin.
Impacts of whole‐body vibration on denervated skeletal‐muscle atrophy in rats
Authors: Koh Eun Sil , Lim Jae‐Young 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhole‐body vibration has been considered as a countermeasure against muscle atrophy. However, its effects on muscle atrophy are poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of whole‐body vibration on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. Whole‐body vibration was performed on rats from Day 15 to 28 after denervation injury. Motor performance was evaluated using an inclined‐plane test. Compound muscle action potentials of the tibial nerve were examined. Muscle wet weight and muscle fiber cross‐sectional area were measured. Myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed in both muscle homogenates and single myofibers. Whole‐body vibration resulted in a significantly decreased inclination angle and muscle weight, but not muscle fiber cross‐sectional area of fast‐twitch gastrocnemius compared to denervation only. In denervated gastrocnemius, a fast‐to‐slow shift was observed in myosin heavy chain isoform composition following whole‐body vibration. There were no significant changes in muscle weight, muscle fiber cross‐sectional area, and myosin heavy chain isoform composition in denervated slow‐twitch soleus. These results imply that whole‐body vibration does not promote recovery of denervation‐induced muscle atrophy.