bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permissive and Unpermissive Constitution Making
Authors: Lerner Hanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The article explores the long-term consequences of permissive constitutional arrangements, drawing on a comparative study of Israel, India and Sri Lanka. In all three countries, constitutional drafters at the foundational stage adopted permissive arrangements that avoided controversial decisions on conflicted identity-related issues. In all three cases, three to six decades after independence, the permissive constitutional approach was replaced by more decisive formal constitutional principles. Such unpermissive constitution making was meant to limit the range of options available for future legislation or constitutional interpretation by courts, and preferred nationalist, religious and ethnocentric identity. This article seeks to investigate why such developments occurred in the three countries, and what can be learned from them about the durability and normative advantages of permissive constitutional arrangements. Empirical analysis of the long-term consequences of permissive arrangements illustrates the limited durability that appeared to characterize some of these arrangements. The present assessment also reveals how in some cases, the main ideational conflict at the heart of the constitutional debates has shifted over the years. Nevertheless, the central argument put forth by this article is that, despite ongoing challenges, permissive constitutional arrangements should still be regarded as a valuable constitutional tool for advancing political compromise and facilitating stable democratic institutions. The analysis demonstrates the crucial role permissive constitutions may have as a political tool designed to circumvent violent conflicts and as an analytical tool, thereby offering insight into current constitutional conflicts over ideational issues.
A new copper(II) complex containing triclopyr: one-pot crystallization, structure, conformation and Hirshfeld surface analyses
Authors: Li Jun-Xia , Ge Shuai , Lu Yi-Jing , Quan Ke-Ying , Wu Li-Bing , Wang Ai-Rong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A new copper(II) complex [Cu(3,5,6-tcpa)(2,2′-bipy)Cl] (1) has been obtained through the one-pot hydrothermal reaction of copper chloride dihydrate with triclopyr (systematic name 2-((3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid, abbreviation 3,5,6-Htcpa) and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) coligands. 1 has crystallized in triclinic crystal system, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

space group. The central copper(II) ion displayed a distorted square–pyramidal geometry and was connected by one chlorido co-ligand (Clˉ), one 3,5,6-tcpa anionic chelator and one chelating 2,2’-bipy ligand to afford a mononuclear structure. 1 is further extended into a 3D network by the non-covalent interactions of H⋯Cl, H⋯O hydrogen bonds, aromatic π⋯π stacking together with Cl⋯Cl halogen bond interactions. The co-crystallization process, the crystal structure of 1 as well as the Hirshfeld surface analysis for 1 have been analyzed and described. In addition, the flexible conformation of phenoxy methylene group among 1, triclopyr acid and its previously reported co-crystallized compound also have been carefully compared and discussed.
Trypanosoma brucei Lipophosphoglycan Activates Host Immune Responses via the TLR-mediated p38 MAP Kinase and NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Zhang Kai , Jiang Ning , Zhang Naiwen , Yu Liying , Sang Xiaoyu , Feng Ying , Chen Ran , Chen Qijun 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This study was aimed at investigating the immunoregulatory effects of trypanosomal lipophosphoglycan (LPG) anchored to trypanosome membranes, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and neutrophil cytokine release after parasite infection. The interaction of cell surface TLR receptors with LPG, which signals cellular responses during Trypanosma brucei infection, was systematically investigated.

Methods:
The cytokine expression profile in neutrophils after exposure to T. brucei LPG, and the involvement of TLR2, TLR4, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-κB in NET formation were studied with molecular immunological approaches including quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence.

Results:

T. brucei-derived LPG induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB, thereby stimulating neutrophil secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α. The blockade of Toll-like receptor 2/4 and specific inhibitors of MyD88, p38 MAP kinase, and NF-κB decreased cytokine release and the phosphorylation of both kinases. Furthermore, the exposure of neutrophils containing LPG to IL-1β and LPG-induced cell supernatants promoted the release of NETs.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that T. brucei LPG activates neutrophil IL-1β secretion via the TLR-mediated p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways, thereby promoting the formation of LPG-stimulated NETs.
IMPLIKASI SERTIFIKAT HALAL PRODUK DALAM SAKRALISASI AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fatimah Cindy , Surawan Surawan , Wahdah Nurul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract This paper aims to determine the implications of halal product certification in the sacralization of religion in Indonesia. Halal certification of the product itself is familiar to business people around the world, especially Indonesia. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review of halal certification practices in Indonesia. The data were obtained from various articles, magazines, books and media about halal certification and related institutions, namely LPPOM MUI (Indonesian Food, Drug and Cosmetics Institute). The results of this study will describe the halal logo certification, its formation, certification stages, and products that must be halal certified. This article also shows that halal certification is related to the sacralization of Indonesian religion. The implications of product halal certification in the sanctity of Indonesian religion, halal certification does not only sanctify a religion, but also provides guarantees, protection, and provides information about the official halal of a product. Halal certification also affects consumer confidence in halal-certified products for consumption because they have the loyalty and legality of the products consumed and used.Keywords: Halal certification; Religion; Indonesia. Abstract Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi sertifikasi produk halal dalam sakralisasi agama di Indonesia. Sertifikasi halal produk sendiri sudah tidak asing oleh para pebisnis di seluruh dunia, khususnya Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui kajian literatur praktik sertifikasi halal di Indonesia. Adapun data diperoleh dari berbagai artikel, majalah, buku dan media tentang sertifikasi halal dan lembaga terkait, yaitu LPPOM MUI (Lembaga Pangan, Obat dan Kosmetika Indonesia). Hasil penelitian ini akan memaparkan sertifikasi logo halal, pembentukannya, tahap sertifikasi, dan produk yang harus bersertifikat halal. Artikel ini juga menunjukkan bahwa sertifikasi halal berkaitan dengan sakralisasi agama Indonesia. Implikasi sertifikasi halal produk dalam kesucian agama Indonesia, sertifikasi halal tidak hanya menyakralkan suatu agama, tetapi jugamemberikan jaminan, perlindungan, dan pemberian informasi mengenai halal resmi suatu produk. Sertifikasi halal juga mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen pada produk bersertifikat halal untuk dikonsumsi karena memiliki loyalitas dan legalitas produk yang dikonsumsi dan digunakan. Keywords: Sertifikasi halal; Agama; Indonesia.
SOLUSI AL-QUR’AN DALAM MENGATASI BAHAYA HOAKS PADA ERA DIGITAL (PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR AL-MISBAH)
Authors: Ansari Panji , Abdillah Muhammad Torieq 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: From time to time hoaxes have always existed and are now increasing due to the massive development and progress of Science and technology. This hoax is very dangerous if left unchecked. The danger of this hoax can cause many social problems, such as hostility and disputes that lead to the division of the people. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research study on the Qur'an regarding hoaxes considering that the Qur'an as a guide for Muslims certainly has a significant role in providing guidance to overcome all problems of the people, including the hoaxes. This study uses the literature method with primary sources, namely Tafsir al-Misbah, because this interpretation is more patterned on the social community. So it is suitable to examine the problem of hoaxes which is a social problem. In addition, the position of the author of this interpretation is quite famous and prominent in Indonesia, so the interpretation is easily understood and accepted by the people of Indonesia. The results of this study obtained interesting ideas from the study of QS. al-Hujurat: 6, namely, the Qur'an provides a solution to overcome hoaxes by teaching to be able to tabayun and sort and choose the essence of the news, knowing the disseminator of the report, and the recipient of the information should know about the message received. If every human being is taught the truth, it will be revealed to him. Keywords: Al-Qur’an, Hoax, al-Misbah Interpretation. Abstrak: Dari masa ke masa, fenomena adanya hoaks selalu ada dan kini meningkat akibat adanya perkembangan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi secara masif. Hoaks ini sangat bahaya jika dibiarkan terus-menerus. Bahaya dari hoaks ini dapat menimbulkan banyak masalah sosial seperti permusuhan dan pertikaian yang berujung pada perpecahan umat. Oleh karena itu, perlu diadakan kajian penelitian terhadap Al-Qur‘an mengenai hoaks mengingat Al-Qur‘an sebagai pedoman umat Islam tentunya memiliki peran besar dalam memberikan petunjuk untuk mengatasi segala permasalahan umat termasuk hoaks tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan dengan sumber primer, yaitu Tafisr al-Misbah disebabkan tafsir ini lebih bercorak pada sosial kemasyarakatan sehingga cocok untuk mengkaji masalah hoaks yang merupakan masalah sosial. Selain itu, kedudukan pengarang tafsir ini cukup terkenal dan terkemuka di Indonesia sehingga penafsirannya pun mudah dipahami dan diterima oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh gagasan yang menarik dari kajian terhadap QS. al-Hujurat: 6, yaitu Al-Qur‘an memberikan solusi untuk mengatasi hoaks dengan mengajarkan untuk dapat bertabayun dan memilah serta memilih esensi berita, mengetahui penyebar berita, dan penerima berita hendaknya memiliki pengetahuan berita yang diterima. Dengan demikian, jika setiap manusia mengamalkan apa yang telah diajarkan oleh Al-Qur‘an, hoaks yang ada akan sedikit demi sedikit teratasi. Kata Kunci: Al-Qur’an, Hoaks, Tafsir al-Misbah.
Skin care in women after 45 years of age
Authors: Chamczyńska Magdalena , Kuźniak Aleksandra , Jenerowicz Dorota , Żaba Ryszard , Adamski Zygmunt , Polańska Adriana 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Proper skin care, including cleansing, hydration, protection against sun, has meaningful impact on one’s look and function. Skin care should always be adjusted to its needs that changes through years of life.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about skincare at women past 45.Material and Methods. Fifty‑six women participated in this study. The research instrument was a questionnaire, which contained twenty‑seven questions. The questionnaire was put online. Inclusion criteria: age after 45 and female gender.Results. Women past 45 didn't care correctly about their own skin. Their knowledge was not proper considering photoprotection and regular application of cosmetics with UV filters. Women past 45 didn’t have enough knowledge about photoprotection and they didn’t use it adequately. Women with less amount of skin lesions, which was related with skin aging, were more pleased about their appearance than women, who have more skin changes.Conclusions. Women after the age of 45 applied most of all moisturizers and anti‑wrinkle creams in their skincare routine. Women after the age of 45 require more education about how to use photoprotection in the right and effective way. The less skin changes, connected with skin aging, the better frame of mind about skin appearance at women past 45.
The use of cutometer to evaluate the skin elasticity on the face
Authors: Hojan-Jezierska Dorota , Matthews-Kozanecka Maja , Kubisz Leszek 
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the possibilities of pre‑treatment instrumental diagnosis assessing the condition of various facial skin areas. Tests which are aimed at determining the elasticity of facial skin were conducted. Analysis of skin parameters in selected facial areas in adults over a wide age range was performed using the Cutometer Dual MPA 580 probe. Parameters R2, R5, R7 were analysed. The following results were obtained: R2 (0.66–0.82) a.u.; R5 (0.60–0.92) a.u.; R7 (0.37–0.52) a.u. On the basis of the other parameters it can be concluded that skin elasticity and an ability to return to its original shape around the eyes, on the cheeks and around the lips is greater in younger patients than in older groups. There were no statistically significant differences within each age group between the right and left sides of the face. The ageing process simultaneously affects the entire facial skin which was confirmed by skin elasticity testing.
Application of botulinum toxin associated with aesthetic surgical crown lengthening in treatment of gummy smile
Authors: Pedron Irineu Gregnanin , Shitsuka Caleb 
Published: February 2023

The pursuit of esthetic excellence has become a major goal in the dental treatment. The beauty of the smile is not only constituted by the shape, position and size of the teeth, but also based on the characteristics of the gingival tissue and conformation of the lips, which should be as harmonious as teeth. Gummy smile is one of the complaints of the patients, since such a situation can influence self-esteem. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a patient who presented dentogingival discrepancy and gummy smile, treated by gingivectomy and by application of botulinum toxin.
Effects of mesotherapy treatments on subjective assessment of facial skin in patients aged 40+
Authors: Jarocka Magdalena , Młyńska Monika , Polańska Adriana 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Needle mesotherapy is a procedure that has been known since the 20th century. It involves intradermal or subcutaneous administration of active substances that are responsible for renewal and regeneration. Cyclic punctures performed during the procedure further stimulate the formation of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid.Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of needle mesotherapy treatment based on the subjective opinions of patients of aesthetic medicine offices in the Tri‑City area.Material and methods. Questionnaires of our own authorship were used in the study of patients' opinions. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia, using a preparation containing in its composition hyaluronic acid and a mixture of amino acids.Results. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that needle mesotherapy treatment is a highly effective procedure that meets the expectations of clients. The main group of people interested in the treatment are women aged 40–45, with a college or post‑secondary education, living in a married couple. The effects of needle mesotherapy include an increase in hydration, improvement in firmness and elasticity, reduction of wrinkles, equalization of skin tone and increased skin smoothness. The increase in skin hydration and skin smoothness are the most visible effects. On average, 2 out of 10 needle mesotherapy treatments may be followed by side effects, which last up to a maximum of 3 days after treatment.Conclusions. Needle mesotherapy is one of the more popular and safe ways to preserve the youthful appearance of the face and neck skin. In the majority of treatments, side effects do not occur or are so minor that patients are able to return to daily life within a short period of time. The vast majority of respondents are satisfied with the results of the procedure performed and express a desire to continue.
Assessment of facial surface tension after CGF Harmony treatment – preliminary report
Authors: Łącka Monika , Komisarek Oskar , Luchowska Anna , Kawałkiewicz Weronika , Matthews‑Brzozowska Teresa 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Clinical Direct Transmission System device and photographic medical documentation to assess the improvement in the skin of the face and hands before and after a one‑time CGF Harmony treatment.Material and methods. The study, after signing a voluntary informed consent, was attended by 3 patients of the Facial Aesthetics Clinic of the University Center of Dentistry and Specialist Medicine of the limited liability company. in Poznan. Once, in accordance with the procedure, a complex of stem cells and growth factors (CGF Harmony – in liquid and gel form) was administered to the area of the facial skin and the gel skin to the area of the dorsal surface of the hands. The observation period was 12 months, from the moment of the procedure, including control tests at several stages: before the procedure, immediately after administration, and approximately 6 and 12 months after the application.Results. The study showed no statistically significant differences in the surface tension of facial expressive muscles with a single application of CGF Harmony for most of the measurements.Conclusions. The analyzis of the photographic documentation and the subjective assessment of the patients, showed that the treatment turned out to be beneficial in terms of improving the quality of the facial skin and exceptionally beneficial in the area of the skin of the hands, which requires confirmation in further studies with a larger study group. There were no statistically significant changes in the facial expression muscles surface tension after the CGF Harmony procedure.
Polemics around facial aesthetic medicine
Authors: Matthews-Kozanecka Maja , Baum Ewa , Mojs Ewa 
Published: February 2023

Facial aesthetic medicine is a young component of aesthetic medicine that raises a lively polemic on a number of issues on both medical and ethical grounds. The main focus of (non‑therapeutic) aesthetics turns to the improvement and correction of the face and neck to get from what is good to an even better, more beautiful, aesthetically pleasing, younger face. However, when qualifying a patient for aesthetic treatments, it is important to approach the issue holistically, to pay attention to all aspects: psychological state, social and cultural conditions and a holistic attitude towards life. Any worrying symptoms should not be underestimated. Thus, the practitioner of aesthetic medicine should always bear in mind two very topical truths of ancient origin: primum non nocere and salus aegroti suprema lex.
The use of platelet-rich fibrin in dental aesthetics
Authors: Tuczyńska Magdalena , Zamaro Martyna , Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Appearance is an important element of both the physical and psychological spheres of a person. Clinicians are increasingly using platelet‑rich fibrin (PRF) in aesthetic medicine procedures. PRF can be used to improve the smile with great success. Aim. The aim of this study is to present the latest reports on the use of platelet‑rich fibrin in smile aesthetics from the last 5 years. Material and methods. Online databases were searched by typing the keyword platelet‑rich fibrin and adding words with treatments used in smile aesthetics. The time interval was defined as between 2017–2022. Results. Twelve scientific articles on the use of platelet‑rich fibrin in bone defect regeneration, gingival recession coverage, bifurcation regeneration and tissue regeneration after tooth extractions were used. Conclusions. Platelet‑rich fibrin is widely used in dentistry and has the added value of being autologous.
Exploring English Skill Problems of Engineering Students for Evaluating Their Needs
Authors: Noprival  
Published: February 2023

Despite the existence of many studies on English skills in the classroom context, little scholarly work reports English skill problems for engineering students. To fill this gap, this current study explores English skill problems of engineering students for evaluating their needs. This study was conducted at a national institute of technology in India. The data were collected through administering questionnaires. The study indicates that the engineering students feel the most difficulty in making presentations individually (speaking). They also have difficulty in listening, especially in understanding lectures. Further, the obstacle in writing reveals that the engineering students more frequently encountered difficulty in transferring information from visual to verbal and using correct punctuation during the writing activity. It is surprising in reading skill that the students do not encounter a big problem in reading. Moreover, they state that reading is very important to success in their courses of study. The findings suggest that although reading is keeping to be taught extensively, the lecturer should foster students more in listening, speaking, and writing skills in the teaching learning process.
A bulk Schottky junction for high-sensitivity portable radiation detectors
Authors: Xiao Zhengguo , Zhang Yihan , Huang Zongming , Gao Ning , Xu Xie , Li Yaping , Zheng Cheng , Yang Yidong , Zhao Jingjing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The active layer thickness of X-ray detectors needs to reach hundreds of micrometers to absorb X-ray photons, and therefore, high voltages over tens or hundreds of volts should be applied to extract the X-ray generated carriers1-3. The high voltage causes several issues including current drift, performance degradation, and operation insecurity4,5. Here, we propose a bulk Schottky junction (BSJ) for X-ray detector using interpenetrated microporous-carbon electrodes and metal-halide perovskite networks. In the BSJ, the X-ray-generated holes are extracted by the microporous-carbon electrodes under the built-in electric field, while the electrons in the perovskite result in a high gain effect. The BSJ-based detector achieves a high sensitivity of 1.42×105 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 35 nGyair s-1 at a low voltage of -1 V. We fabricate a dry battery-powered portable X-ray alarm prototype which responds 24 times faster than the commercial Geiger-Müller counter tube. The BSJ-based detector maintains 92% of its initial sensitivity after storage for five months and exposure to 28.8 Gyair, equivalent to 144000 chest X-ray examinations. The BSJ-based detector arrays also show remarkable uniformity and decent spatial resolution up to 5.0 lp/mm, demonstrating its potential application in X-ray imaging.