bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the kinetics and structure of tungsten oxide nanopowder synthesized by an electrochemical oxidation process
Authors: Salot M. , Santhy K. , Mandal D. , Pramanick A. K. , Rajasekaran B. , Avasthi G. , Chaudhury Sujoy K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTungsten oxide possesses unique properties owing to its multiple oxidation states. They are produced by several techniques with each having their advantages and limitations. In this study, the hydrated tungsten oxide nanopowders with varied morphology were synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of WC‐6Co scrap at room temperature. This process is efficient and requires low capital investment. The effect of processing parameters, namely voltage, molarity, temperature, and electrolyte stirring on yield, structure, morphology, and energy bandgap is studied. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that at low voltage and low molarity monoclinic WO3.2H2O nanoparticles are synthesized. In contrast, at high molarity and high voltage, orthorhombic WO3.H2O nanoparticles are synthesized. Further, the size of crystal decreases with the increase in voltage during electrochemical oxidation of WC‐6Co pellet. The in‐situ XRD analysis showed progressive transformation of as‐synthesized nanopowder from orthorhombic to cubic crystal structure. Thermal treatments using microwave radiation and muffle furnace resulted in partial phase transformation of hydrated tungsten oxide to cubic WO3.H0.5 phase. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the formation of nanoplates, nanorods, and quantum dots depending on the processing parameters. The ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy showed a relatively lower energy bandgap of as‐synthesized tungsten oxide nanopowder.
A nondestructive detection method for Si3N4 bearing roller microcrack
Authors: Wu Nanxing , Liao Sheng , Dong Wenjie , Jiang Hong , Wang Xiang , Li Jiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo address the challenges of traditional single algorithms in segmenting defect images with low contrast and high noise during the segmentation process of microcrack defects in Si3N4 bearing rollers, a coupled method based on weighted histogram equalization and adaptive Otsu is proposed. This method achieves high‐precision extraction of microcracks in Si3N4 bearing rollers. By analyzing the texture characteristics of microcrack formation, a distribution cumulative function filter is applied to map gray values, enabling inner loop nested gray value accumulation. The maximum interclass variance of the background before and after applying Otsu is used to calculate the optimal adaptive threshold for binary segmentation. The structural similarity (SSIM) index of the enhanced image is 0.924862, and the coupling algorithm achieves a segmentation accuracy of 97% for the microcrack feature images of Si3N4 bearing rollers. This approach effectively reduces the impact of low contrast and background noise on defect segmentation, thereby improving the effectiveness and accuracy of microcrack feature extraction.
Additive manufacturing of ceramics via the laser powder bed fusion process
Authors: Ullah Abid , Shah Mussadiq , Ali Zulfiqar , Asami Karim , Ur Rehman Asif , Emmelmann Claus 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics presents both exciting opportunities and significant challenges, particularly with the laser‐based AM processes. Ceramics are known for their special properties, such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and temperature stability, but their inherent brittleness and high processing demands make AM more complex. This review provides an updated overview of the most common AM techniques for ceramics, including direct energy deposition, binder jetting, laminated object manufacturing, and material extrusion‐based techniques. However, the focus is placed on the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of ceramics, a technique that has gained increasing attention for its ability to fabricate complex ceramic parts with enhanced quality. The review delves into the key causes of critical defects commonly observed in LPBF, such as porosity, cracking, spattering, and surface roughness. Recent advancements in addressing these issues are discussed, along with the limitations of current defect prevention strategies. Furthermore, the review provides an updated analysis of the mechanical properties of LPBF‐fabricated ceramics, giving insights into how processing parameters influence the performance of ceramic LPBF‐printed parts. Modeling and simulation techniques are also reviewed, highlighting their role in enhancing understanding of ceramic behavior during LPBF. Overall, this review highlights recent progress and current challenges in ceramic AM techniques, while exploring future research opportunities, such as process optimization and defect prevention strategies.
Study characteristics and methods in a national nursing and allied health research programme: A descriptive study
Authors: Barbier Jules , Poiroux Laurent , Bouix‐Picasso Julien , Guillouet Sonia , Berger Valérie , Ramelet Anne‐Sylvie , Leblanc Judith 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo describe the characteristics, methods and publications of studies funded by a French research programme for nursing and allied health professions.BackgroundIn some countries, the emerging field of nursing and allied health research is supported by funding programmes that are poorly documented.DesignObservational descriptive study.MethodsData from funded studies in 2012–2020 were identified in publications, registries or an institutional repository by two authors in April–May 2022. Methods (quantitative, qualitative, mixed‐method), study designs using the mixed‐methods appraisal tool and thematic categories were extracted.ResultsIn total, 212 studies were funded. The yearly number of studies has risen from 19 in 2012 to 33 in 2020. Eight nursing and allied health professions were represented among grant recipients, including 42% (89/212) of nurses. Half of the studies with identified methods were multicentric (91/185, 16% in 2012 and 71% in 2018). The median funding per study has risen from €63,471 in 2012 to €251,665 in 2020. The predominant methods were quantitative and interventional (144/185, 78%), with randomised controlled trials being the most frequent study design (125/144, 87%). Among the 38 quantitative observational studies, 14 (37%) were diagnostic studies. Three qualitative or mixed‐methods studies were reported. The thematic categories included rehabilitation, nursing care, complementary medicine, patient education and metrology. Of the 50 completed studies, 18 publications were identified.ConclusionsThe number of studies, multicentric studies and funding appeared to increase over the nine‐year study period. The predominance of high‐level evidence studies is encouraging, although a limited number of studies have been published.Implications for nursing and health policyThis study highlights the gradual involvement in a nursing and allied health research programme and the support needed to disseminate research.
Structural origins of the mixed modifier effect on hardness in aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Kim Hongyeun , Mauro John C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the correlations among glass structure, composition, and mechanical properties, particularly hardness, is crucial for both academic research and practical applications. However, comprehending the underlying structural mechanisms dictating the hardness and plastic deformation of glasses remains a challenge. In this study, we divide hardness into two components: Young's modulus and the plastic‐to‐total indentation work ratio. Given the intriguing nonlinear convex trend in hardness while Young's modulus remains constant, a phenomenon known as the mixed modifier effect, our primary focus is the plastic‐to‐total indentation work ratio. By applying pure shear deformation within molecular dynamics simulations, the flow stress demonstrates a linear correlation with Hv/ and with the plastic‐to‐total indentation work ratio. Additionally, in our structural analysis, we identify that the average coordination numbers of network modifiers are key factors driving the nonlinear trend observed in both hardness and simulated flow stress.
Rapid synthesis of high‐strength porous Si3N4 ceramics based on spontaneous solidification of multi‐phase particles
Authors: Chen Shile , Han Lujia , Li Jiangtao , Dong Yanhao , Wang Chang‐An 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPorous silicon nitride ceramics have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional combination of structural and functional properties. Nevertheless, β‐grain growth is frequently accompanied by inhomogeneous shrinkage of the porous structure, rendering porous silicon nitride challenging in terms of both strength and application possibilities. Furthermore, the preparation process is also inefficient and energy consuming, which constrains its development. Here, we present a novel route that relies on the spontaneous solidification‐combustion process to fabricate high strength porous silicon nitride with a homogeneous microstructure. The spontaneous solidification of multi‐phase particles (Si‐Si3N4‐Y2O3) in the Isobam aqueous gelling system is successfully realized by the mechanochemistry for the first time. The rapid combustion reaction creates a homogeneous morphological structure consisting of inlaid acicular β‐Si3N4 grains that exhibit excellent mechanical strength. It provides efficient and economical green manufacturing technology for preparing high‐performance structural porous ceramics based on complex multi‐phase gelling systems.
Enhancing mechanical properties of Er2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass–ceramics for advanced substrate application
Authors: Chen Daimeng , Chen Chao , Li Bo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe limited physical support offered by the substrate material significantly impedes the advancement of electronic components toward higher integration. In this study, the Er2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 (EAS) glass–ceramics (GCs) with exceptional mechanical properties were synthesized through a conventional solid‐phase method. The mechanical properties of EAS GCs were enhanced as the Er2O3 content increased to 51 wt.%, resulting in an ultrahigh flexural strength of 358.8 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 9.7 GPa, a fracture toughness of 2.87 MPa•m1/2, and an elastic modulus of 158.9 GPa. These findings revealed that high crystallinity, fine grain size, and dense microstructure can effectively impede crack propagation and mitigate stress concentration, thereby endowing the material with substantial fracture energy and superior mechanical properties. The enhanced mechanical properties of EAS GCs make them a promising candidate for substrate applications.
Atomic‐scale oxidation mechanism of high‐entropy carbides via density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Bai Yang , Liang Yuxin , Bi Juan , Cui Baoning , Lu Zhaopeng , Wang Huangxuan , You Xixi , Li Bangsheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐entropy carbides (HECs) are increasingly recognized as promising materials for high‐temperature applications, thanks to their remarkable mechanical properties and resistance to oxidation. This study investigates the initial oxidation mechanisms of HEC (Zr₀.₂₅Hf₀.₂₅Nb₀.₂₅Ta₀.₂₅)C through density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicate that the (100) surface exhibits the highest stability, where oxygen molecules dissociate into atoms that preferentially adsorb at the threefold hollow site. Further analysis shows that oxygen atoms preferentially bond with Zr and Hf atoms, leading to the formation of oxides. The interaction between oxygen and the surface exhibits mixed ionic–covalent characteristics. Furthermore, oxygen atoms diffuse from the surface to subsurface octahedral sites via tetrahedral interstitial sites, with a migration barrier slightly above that of corresponding binary carbides. This research enhances our understanding of the oxidation resistance in HECs.
Preparation of high pressure hard anodized aluminum oxide coating on 6061 aluminum alloy
Authors: Yang Fan , Xu Guangming , Liu Ping , Nie Zhihao , Pan Hongkang , Lu Hailin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHard anodized aluminum oxide coating was prepared on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy by anodizing technology, and the effects of different anodizing voltages on the coating structure and properties were systematically studied, aiming to prepare high‐quality coatings with excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The microstructural analysis and wear and corrosion resistance tests of the coatings prepared at different voltages showed that under the conditions of 120 and 180 V, the coating did not form a complete nanoporous structure, and the coating thickness was low, and the performance was weak. In contrast, the coatings prepared under the conditions of 240, 300 and 360 V showed a complete nanoporous structure and higher thickness, and the content of soft Al2O3 particles on the coating surface gradually increased with the increase of voltage. It is worth noting that the 240 V sample showed the best wear and corrosion resistance. This is mainly due to its comprehensive advantages such as high coating thickness, low roughness, high hardness, and low porosity. This study provides important experimental basis and technical support for the optimization design and subsequent application of high‐performance coatings on aluminum alloy surfaces.
Around the World in 26 Million Years: Diversification and Biogeography of Pantropical Grass‐Yellow Eurema Butterflies (Pieridae: Coliadinae)
Authors: Leong Jing V. , Matos‐Maraví Pável , Núñez Rayner , Nunes Renato , Liang Weijun , Braby Michael F. , Doleck Tenzing , Aduse‐Poku Kwaku , Inayoshi Yutaka , Hsu Yu‐Feng , Wahlberg Niklas , Peggie Djunijanti , Mohagan Alma B. , Mohagan Dave P. , Genaro Julio A. , Perez‐Asso Antonio R. , Kunte Krushnamegh , Martins Dino J. , Sáfián Szabolcs , Kawahara Akito Y. , Pierce Naomi E. , Lohman David J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimGrass‐yellow butterflies (Eurema) are a group of pantropical Pieridae distributed throughout Asia, Australasia, Africa and the New World. However, little is known about their diversification, including the biogeographic mechanism(s) explaining their circumglobal distribution. We present the first densely sampled, time‐calibrated phylogeny and biogeographic reconstruction of grass‐yellows to confirm the monophyly of the genera, re‐evaluate their taxonomy and infer the biogeographic events contributing to their worldwide distribution.LocationGlobal tropics and subtropics.TaxonThe butterfly tribe Euremini (Pieridae: Coliadinae).MethodsWe analysed up to 391 genetic loci from 126 samples of 66 ingroup species. Divergence dating was accomplished in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework using secondary calibration points, and maximum likelihood models of various biogeographic models were fitted to the data using the R package BioGeoBEARS. We used the best fitting model to estimate relative dispersal events with biogeographical stochastic mapping. Finally, we estimated branch‐specific speciation and extinction rates to assess the diversification history of the group.ResultsDifferent phylogenomic analyses converged on similar topologies with robust support. Grass‐yellows emerged ca. 26 Mya in the New World, and a single extant lineage dispersed to Asia in the early Miocene, where they diversified and dispersed to Africa and Australasia. The fastest rates of diversification occurred in the Old World tropics during the late Miocene. Many of the grass‐yellow genera were either paraphyletic or polyphyletic as traditionally circumscribed. To maintain nomenclatural stability, we place all grass‐yellows in Eurema sensu lato and recognise two subgenera: Eurema (Abaeis) and Eurema (Eurema).Main ConclusionsGrass‐yellow butterflies originated in the Americas and attained their global distributional patterns via dispersal. The Indo‐Australian and Caribbean archipelagoes seem to have accelerated the diversification of the group, and movement in and out of these island regions was frequent. Although the traditional view of founder‐event speciation envisions migrants from large landmasses (‘mainland’) colonising smaller landmasses (‘islands’), we find that island to mainland dispersal and differentiation were equally or more common.
Influence of Different Carrier Agents on the Physical, Chemical, Bioactive, and Colorimetric Properties of White Acai Powders Produced via Freeze Drying and Spouted Bed Drying
Authors: Barros Hellen Carvalho , Cardoso Dilson Nazareno Pereira , Santana Elza Brandão , Campos Willison Eduardo Oliveira , do Nascimento Rafael Alves , Costa Cristiane Maria Leal , de Faria Lênio José Guerreiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe different carrier agents used in the production of powdered products result in their distinct physicochemical features. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the influence of four carrier agents (modified starch, MS; maltodextrin, MA; gum arabic, GA; and hydrolyzed collagen, HC) on the production of white acai (WA) powder via freeze drying and spouted bed drying. The yield, moisture content, total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AAT), hygroscopicity, solubility, fluidity, color, and chemical structures of all WA powders were evaluated. The yield (≥ 75.40%) and moisture content (≤ 4.93 g 100 g−1) of freeze‐dried powders did not differ statistically (p > 0.05), regardless of the carrier agent used. The addition of MS or HC to spouted bed drying increased the yield (≥ 42.70%), and the moisture content of the corresponding WA‐HC powder was ≥ 6.00 g 100 g−1. The WA‐MS powders were least soluble (≤ 48.96%) and hygroscopic (≤ 13.73 g 100 g−1). The WA‐MA and WA‐GA powders showed higher TPC (≥ 8.52 mg EAG g−1) and AAT (≥ 42.75 μmol ET g−1). In addition, they were more soluble (≥ 94.36%), hygroscopic (11%–15% according to the Carr index), and preserved the original color of the pulp better than those of the other formulations. The chemical structures of all WA powders were the same as those of the WA pulp. This indicates the efficient encapsulation of bioactive compounds and the preservation of the functional groups of the original raw material, even after drying. The findings highlight WA powder for diversifying açaí‐derived products and suggest potential process improvements.
Consumer Confusion About Product Names Commonly Used to Describe Hemp‐Based Oils
Authors: McFadden Brandon R. , Muraleetharan Kawsheha , Campbell Benjamin , Rabinowitz Adam , Mark Tyler , Popp Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConsumers can now purchase cannabinoid Cannabidiol (CBD) oil from retailers. Product names are often used to communicate the differences in the contents of CBD oils; for example, “CBD isolate” only contains CBD, whereas “full spectrum CBD” contains terpenes, flavonoids, and some delta‐9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The names used to describe CBD oil could cause consumer confusion about actual product contents. We conducted an online survey with two product selection tasks to examine confusion associated with CBD oil names. Products in one selection task displayed names used to describe products, whereas the other selection task presented the attributes associated with the products. This design allowed us to conduct within‐subject tests to determine consumer confusion associated with the product names commonly used to describe CBD oils. This study provides valuable insights into consumer confusion and preferences regarding CBD products, and findings suggest that more detailed product attribute information can help reduce consumer confusion.
Stuck in time: The slow march of circadian medicine and how to speed it up
Authors: Cajochen Christian , Montagnese Sara 
Published: February 2025

SummaryWhile there is considerable enthusiasm for the translational and clinical applications of chronobiology, their actual implementation is not progressing as rapidly as might be expected. Here we discuss the possibility that this may relate to a combination of conceptual, methodological, evidentiary and training challenges. These are compounded by the remaining, profound cultural differences between basic and applied chronobiologists. We argue that all these issues can be overcome by cross‐faculty teaching, time, patience and goodwill, together with a set of more formal actions, such as the establishment of a collaborative framework for evidence generation, the engagement of relevant stakeholders and public health campaigns based on already available evidence. We hope that chronobiology, and in particular the transformative power of circadian medicine, will change health outcomes, increase safety and improve quality of life for patients worldwide. Now is the time to bring “internal time” into medicine.
Refuting a Temporal Correlation: Interictal Epileptic Discharges Do Not Preferentially Occur During Respiratory Events in Patients With Sleep‐Related Breathing Disorder and Epilepsy
Authors: Horvath Christian M. , Drangova Hristina , Stefela Jakub , Schäfer Carolin , Zubler Frederic 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe bidirectional interaction between sleep and epilepsy is well known. In particular, it has been established that sleep apnea can worsen epilepsy, whereas sleep apnea (SA) treatment has a beneficial effect on seizure control. However, the exact mechanisms whereby SA promotes epileptic seizures are unknown. We set out to examine whether interictal epileptic discharges (IED), one of the hallmarks of epilepsy, occur predominantly during respiratory events (RE, apnea or hypopnea) or desaturations in patients with obstructive SA (OSA) and epilepsy. Adult patients (> 18) who underwent a video‐polysomnography at the Bern University Hospital between 2012 and 2020 with an apnea‐hypopnea‐index (AHI) ≥ 10/h and IED were included in this retrospective study. IED density (per hour) was computed during and outside RE and oxygen desaturations (3%) using the AASM criteria and an extended definition. A total of 27 patients (9 females) met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 49 years and the median AHI was 17.4/h. There was no statistically significant difference in IED density in phases of sleep with RE compared to sleep without (median 3.6 [IQR 0.2–8.0] vs. 6.3 [3.7–19.7], p = 0.055). In the extended definition of RE, IED density was significantly lower during RE: 2.6 [0.3–6.6] versus 6.7 [3.9–20.5], p = 0.017. Desaturations were similarly associated with lower IED density in both analyses: 2.2 [0–7.4] versus 6.4 [3.4–18.4], p = 0.009 and 2.6 [0–6.7] versus 6.8 [3.4–18.5], p = 0.012. Our study shows that the influence of OSA on epileptic activity is probably indirect and does not result solely from immediate hypoxemia.