bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doctoral Students as Carbon Accountants: Calculating Carbon Costs of a PhD in Neuroscience
Authors: Smith William V. , Bebbington Aimee , Sircar Ranjini , Pulver Stefan R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhD students are drivers of innovation in research; however, the carbon intensity of PhD work is often unclear, especially in specialised STEM disciplines. Over 250,000 doctoral students graduate annually across all academic disciplines; empowering this community to engage in carbon accounting could create a generational force for decarbonization in key areas of production and consumption in research communities. Here, we demonstrate how doctoral students and other researchers can measure the carbon footprint of their work, using one PhD student in aDrosophilaneuroscience laboratory as a case study. We present a comprehensive life-cycle assessment of the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) generated by student research activities over the course of a year, including measurement of scope 1 emissions associated withDrosophilahusbandry; calculation of time- and region-specific scope 2 emissions produced by widely used techniques including calcium imaging, electrophysiology, and optogenetics; and estimation of scope 3 emissions associated with procurement and research-related travel. We found that research-related travel and procurement of laboratory supplies were responsible for the majority of annual emissions, generating up to 1942 kg CO2e and 543 kg CO2e respectively, after accounting for radiative forcing. Using the National Energy Source Operator Carbon Intensity API to account for temporal and geographical variation in the carbon intensity of UK National Grid energy, we found that persistent laboratory energy consumption released 10.99 kg CO2e, with an additional 3.56 kg CO2e scope 2 and 1.56 kg CO2e scope 1 emissions underpinning direct research activities. We discuss the challenges of accurately carbon footprinting research across disciplines in the UK and beyond, highlighting the value of regionally precise open-source energy mix data, and the need for data openness within research supply chains. Finally, we propose a common framework for including carbon life cycle analyses in Carbon Appendices to PhD theses and other publications. We envision doctoral students carrying insights from Carbon Appendices forward into academia and industry to catalyse community-driven decarbonisation of the research sector.
Evidence suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein may target coiled-coil regions of numerous cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins
Authors: Brézellec Pierre 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between host and viral envelope proteins is essential to get insights into the dynamics of viral infection. To investigate more closely the mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 entry and intracellular trafficking, I reanalyzed the most extensive SARS-CoV-2–human protein–protein interactome dataset currently available. Our investigation centered on the Spike S protein, a key player in initiating viral infection by binding to the host cell membrane receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). I first present evidence demonstrating the statistical overrepresentation of actin-binding proteins among the Spike S partners/interactors. Next, I show that a majority of these partners contains a structural domain sharing high similarity with the C-terminal region of the Myosin II heavy chain, Myosin II being known for its roles in muscle contraction and various cellular motility processes. I subsequently demonstrate that this domain is particularly prevalent in actin-binding proteins, Intermediate Filaments proteins and Kinesins, which all are related to the cytoskeleton known to be involved in diverse cellular functions, including endocytosis and intracellular transport — processes crucial for viral infections. Finally, I highlight that the structural domain mentioned above is a bonafide coiled-coil region. I therefore conclude that Spike S might target proteins possessing such regions. These results align well with our previous findings, which suggested that the C-terminal portion of the Spike S protein shares similarities with the human protein prominin-1/CD133. Notably, CD133 is specifically located on the apical surface of cells and is associated with microvilli, structures characterized by a dense core of cross-linked actin filaments. Collectively, our findings suggest that the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 Spike S and human proteins, potentially mediated by coiled-coil regions, may have been underestimated. This opens up new avenues of research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 entry and intracellular trafficking.
Trends and variation in andexanet alfa for the reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in NHS Trusts in England
Authors: Fisher Louis , Buka Richard , Byrne Rosalind , Black Stephen , Curtis Helen J , Wood Christopher , Brown Andrew , Bacon Sebastian , Croker Richard , Goldacre Ben , MacKenna Brian , Speed Victoria 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAndexanet alfa was recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as an option in the management of major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking apixaban or rivaroxaban in May 2021. To assess the uptake of andexanet alfa, we analysed pharmacy stock control data from NHS Trusts in England using the openly available Secondary Care Medicines Dataset.Between May 2021 and July 2024, 14,092 vials of andexanet alfa were issued in NHS Trusts in England. There was wide variation in uptake across NHS Trusts, which likely reflects variation in local protocols.This study is the first analysis of adoption of a new treatment using the OpenPrescribing Hospitals platform, which is expected to provide a generalisable framework for similar analyses in the future.
Advancing the prediction and understanding of placebo responses in chronic back pain using large language models
Authors: Nunes Diogo A.P. , Furrer Dan , Berger Sara , Cecchi Guillermo , Ferreira-Gomes Joana , Neto Fani , Martins de Matos David , Apkarian A. Vania , Branco Paulo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlacebo analgesia in chronic pain is a widely studied clinical phenomenon, where expectations about the effectiveness of a treatment can result in substantial pain relief when using an inert treatment agent. While placebos offer an opportunity for non-pharmacological treatment in chronic pain, not everyone demonstrates an analgesic response. Prior research has identified biopsychosocial factors that determine the likelihood of an individual to respond to a placebo, yet generalizability and ecological validity in those studies have been limited due to the inability to account for dynamic personal and treatment effects—which are well-known to play a role. Here, we assessed the potential of using fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) to predict placebo responders in chronic low-back pain using contextual features extracted from patient interviews, as they speak about their lifestyle, pain, and treatment history. We re-analyzed data from two clinical trials where individuals performed open-ended interviews and used these to develop a predictive model of placebo response. Our findings demonstrate that semantic features extracted with LLMs accurately predicted placebo responders, achieving a classification accuracy of 74% in unseen data, and validating with 70% accuracy in an independent cohort. Further, LLMs eliminated the need for pre-selecting search terms or to use dictionary approaches, enabling a fully data-driven approach. This LLM method further provided interpretable insights into psychosocial factors underlying placebo responses, highlighting nuanced linguistic patterns linked to responder status, which tap into semantic dimensions such as “anxiety,” “resignation,” and “hope.” These findings expand on prior research by integrating state-of-art NLP techniques to address limitations in interpretability and context sensitivity of standard methods like bag-of-words and dictionary-based approaches. This method highlights the role of language models to link language and psychological states, paving the way for a deeper yet quantitative exploration of biopsychosocial phenomena, and to understand how they relate to treatment outcomes, including placebo.
Comparison of Activities of Transcription Factor NF-κB from Two Jellyfish Models
Authors: Williams Leah M. , Wang Wei , Grigoryeva Alexandra V. , Navarro-Rosado Alejandra , Peart Jada A. , Calderon Angela , Gill Catherine L. , Alsante Kristina M. , Lackstrom Aidan T. ,   Molecular Biology Laboratory, Weissbourd Brandon , Wang Mengrui , DiRusso Christopher J. , Cohen Lianne B. , Wunderlich Zeba , Grone Brian P. , Gilmore Thomas D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHerein, transcription factor NF-κB is characterized from two model jellyfish,Aurelia aurita(Aa) andClytia hemisphaerica(Ch). Both jellyfish NF-κB proteins consist primarily of the N-terminal DNA-binding/dimerization domain, and they lack the C-terminal ankyrin repeat inhibitory domain found in vertebrate NF-κB proteins. Both jellyfish NF-κB proteins can bind to a consensus mammalian NF-κB binding site, and their AlphaFold3-predicted structures on DNA are similar to that of mouse NF-κB p50. Neither Aa-nor Ch-NF-κB activated transcription of an NF-κB-site reporter gene in human cells; however, Aa-NF-κB did activate transcription from a GAL4-site reporter gene in yeast, whereas Ch-NF-κB did not. Aa- and Ch-NF-κB were both constitutively located in the nucleus when expressed in vertebrate cells. Homologs of IκB-like proteins from both species interacted with their corresponding NF-κB proteins in co-immunoprecipitation assays in HEK 293T cells. These IκB-like proteins influenced the subcellular localization of their cognate NF-κB proteins in vertebrate cells, and their ankyrin repeat domains were predicted to interact with Ch-NF-κB in a manner similar to mammalian IκB and NF-κB. RNA-sequencing data fromChanimals indicate that Ch-NF-κB is expressed at high levels in early developmental stages, when Ch-IκB expression is low, suggesting that active Ch-NF-κB controls an early developmental process. In contrast, in adult animals the expression of Ch-IκB is high, suggesting that Ch-NF-κB requires a signal in order to become active. Overall, these results provide comparative information on the structure, activity, and mRNA expression of jellyfish NF-κB pathway proteins among jellyfish, and they suggest roles for NF-κB in developing and adult jellyfish.
Lattice study of
J/ψ→γηc
using a method without momentum extrapolation
Authors: Meng Yu , Liu Chuan , Wang Teng , Yan Haobo 
Published: January 2025

We present a model-independent method to calculate the radiative transition without the momentum extrapolation for the off shell transition factors. The on shell transition factor is directly obtained from the lattice hadronic function. We apply the method to calculate the charmonium radiative transition J/ψ→γηc. After a continuous extrapolation under three lattice spacings, we obtain the on shell transition factor as V(0)=1.90(4), where the error is the statistical error that already takes into account the a2 error in the continuous extrapolation. Finally, we determine the branching fraction of J/ψ→γηc as Br(J/ψ→γηc)=2.49(11)lat(5)exp%, where the second error comes from the uncertainty of J/ψ total decay width 92.6(1.7) keV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Mass reconstruction of heavy neutral leptons from stopped mesons
Authors: Alves Gustavo F. S. , Dev P. S. Bhupal , Kelly Kevin J. , Machado Pedro A. N. 
Published: January 2025

Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), depending on their mass and mixing, can be efficiently produced in meson decays from the target or absorber in short- to medium-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments, leaving detectable signals through their decays inside the neutrino detectors. We show that the currently running ICARUS experiment at Fermilab can reconstruct the HNL mass and explore new HNL parameter space in the mass range of 70–190 MeV. The mass reconstruction is enabled by two ingredients: (i) simple two-body kinematics of HNL production from stopped kaon decays at the NuMI absorber, followed by HNL decay into a charged-lepton pair and neutrino at the detector, and (ii) high resolution of Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors in reconstructing final state particles. Our mass reconstruction method is robust under realistic energy resolution and angular smearing of the charged leptons, and is applicable to any LArTPC detector. We also discuss the synergy between ICARUS and future facilities like DUNE near detector and PIP-II beam dump in probing the HNL parameter space.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Two nonlinear optically responsive crown ether inclusion compounds based on a sulfonimide anion assembly
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Yan-Juan , Tang Yuan-Yuan , Chen Xiao-Gang 
Published: January 2025

Organic amine crown ether supramolecular compounds, based on crystal engineering design, have already made significant research progress in functional devices such as ferroelectrics, ferroelastics and nonlinear optical materials, especially those involving anilinium cations, which have attracted widespread attention. In comparison, benzylammonium cations have been less studied and most counter-ions are inorganic metal salt anions, crystallizing in centrosymmetric space groups without nonlinear optical (NLO) response. By changing the anion, we have obtained two types of crown ether inclusion compounds, namely, benzylammonium bis(methanesulfonyl)azanide–1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (1/1), C7H10N+·C2H6NO4S2
−·C12H24O6 or [(BA)(18-crown-6)][DMSA] [BA = benzylammonium and DMSA = bis(methanesulfonyl)azanide] and benzylammonium (methanesulfonyl)(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide–1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (1/1), C7H10N+·C2H3F3NO4S2
−·C12H24O6 or [(BA)(18-crown-6)][TfNMs] [TfNMs = (methylsulfonyl)(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide]. Both compounds crystallize in the polar chiral space group P21 at 100 K and exhibit a clear second harmonic generation (SHG) active characteristic, showing potential for use in quadratic nonlinear optical fields. Moreover, this work is the first to report crown-ether-based compounds using TfNMs as the counter-ion, enriching the choice of counter-anion for crown-ether-based compounds.
Adaptive terminal sliding mode control of hypersonic vehicles based on ESO
Authors: Tang Weiqiang , Wang Chengbin , Shan Liuwei , Gao Haiyan 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This paper aims to solve the uncertainty problem of hypersonic vehicle tracking control; an adaptive terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) method based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed. The combination of adaptive techniques, TSMC and ESO offers an effective approach for managing uncertain systems.

Design/methodology/approach
The dynamic model of a hypersonic vehicle is transformed into two control-oriented subsystems. The control system design incorporates an adaptive technique, an ESO and a TSMC. The ESO estimates the primary uncertainties, while the adaptive technique determines the upper limit of secondary uncertainties. These estimates are used for the design of the TSMC law. In addition, the filter is used to generate the reference trajectory to improve the dynamic performance of the system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory.

Findings
A robust control system for hypersonic vehicles is developed with guaranteed stability and strong adaptability to various uncertainties such as parameter variations, external disturbances and actuator faults. Furthermore, the proposed system demonstrates enhanced dynamic performance compared to observer-based sliding mode control. Specifically, for the velocity and altitude tracking control, the settling time of the proposed sliding mode control is approximately 100 s and 70 s shorter than that of the observer-based sliding mode control, respectively.

Originality/value
Different from the single equivalent treatment, various uncertainties here are classified and treated with different strategies, which improves the disturbance rejection ability of the control system. This ability is of great significance for enhancing the autonomy, adaptability and reliability of hypersonic vehicles in extreme environments.
Environmental effects of foreign direct investment in India: pollution haven or pollution halo?
Authors: Holtbrügge Dirk , Raghavan Nikhila 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
There is controversy over whether foreign direct investment (FDI) increases or reduces environmental degradation in host countries resulting in pollution havens or pollution halos. Based on the concept of scale, technology and composition effects, this paper aims to examine the causal relationship between FDI and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes panel data of the three most polluting industries between 2005 and 2021 by conducting a Granger causality test.

Findings
The results provide evidence of pollution havens in the manufacturing and transportation industry, and in the metallurgy and chemical sectors within the manufacturing industry.

Research limitations/implications
FDI inflows and CO2 emissions are characterized by large regional variations in India. Hence, future studies of the pollution haven vs pollution halo effect in India could therefore use state-level or even district-level data to test for regional variations.

Practical implications
This paper provides policy recommendations such as increasing the absorptive capacity of local firms to strengthen the technique effect, which would help India combat climate change.

Social implications
Increasing the absorptive capacity of local firms through incentives such as subsidies and environmental requirements in public contracts can lead to job creation in the green technology sector. This can provide new employment opportunities, especially in R&D and sustainable technology fields, boosting the local economy.

Originality/value
The study adds to the understanding of the endogenous relationship between FDI and environmental degradation, the importance of lagged feedback responses and the impact of industry- and sector-specific influences on this relationship.
AI-enabled self-regulated learning: reinforcing a proactive workplace culture – a viewpoint
Authors: Deshmukh Sampada , Mehta Mita 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This viewpoint discusses the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - enabled self-regulated learning (SRL) on fostering proactive workplace learning and organizational agility.

Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint unpacks how AI-enabled SRL can drive proactive employee learning outcomes, drawing insights through reviewing articles on AI and SRL.

Findings
This paper offers a unique insight into the organizations’ tools to streamline learning by providing real-time support, personalized learning paths, and skill gap analysis, enabling employees to take control of their professional development by aligning individual growth with organizational goals.

Research limitations/implications
This article gives managerial and organizational implications.

Practical implications
This is a viewpoint article and can be further elaborated with impartial learning.

Originality/value
This viewpoint article offers a distinctive and comprehensive approach to emerging research in AI-enabled learning at both individual and organizational levels, integrating with Zimmerman’s Model based on Social Cognitive Theory.
Impact of 6Qs innovation on student achievement in Thai small and medium schools: evidence from the O-NET scores effect size and good practice schools
Authors: Lawthong Nuttaporn , Lapanachokdee Warunee , Saejea Vorachet , Thepsathit Purin 
Published: January 2025

PurposeDrawing from the equitable education fund (EEF) launching 6Qs innovation in the teacher school quality program (TSQP) for small and medium schools, this research aims to analyze the effect size of the ordinary national educational test (O-NET) scores between TSQP schools that implement 6Qs innovation and non-TSQP schools and explain the impact of 6Qs innovation on O-NET scores’ effect size.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The quantitative study investigates the impact of the 6Qs innovation by analyzing the effect sizes of O-NET scores in four subjects of sixth-grade students. The effect size is analyzed by comparing the mean between 221 TSQP schools and non-TSQP schools: 16,197 small and medium schools throughout Thailand. The qualitative study uses a field study with administrators and teachers through in-depth interviews and focus groups in 13 good practice schools.FindingsThe quantitative result shows that 22 to 35% of TSQP schools demonstrated effect size within the standard level, meaning that their O-NET scores are higher than those of non-TSQP schools. Findings from 13 good practice schools indicate that both administrators and teachers have embraced and implemented the 6Qs innovation to establish an organizational culture that emphasizes 6Qs as a coordinating framework, which significantly influences students’ learning outcomes.Originality/valueAlthough this research is studied in the Thai context, the 6Qs innovation with implementations extracted from the good practice schools can be generalized to any school in a similar context. A section on such innovation is provided in practical implications.
When extreme events become the norm: how do artisan entrepreneurs adapt identity?
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Arslan Ahmad , Lange Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the extent to which extreme events in the tourism and hospitality sector force artisan entrepreneurs to re-orient their entrepreneurial identity and how they respond to these extreme events.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical data comprises of semi-structured interviews with 24 artisan entrepreneurs in Egypt, operating in the following fields: handmade dresses, carpets, papyrus design and sales. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse these interviews.

Findings
The findings indicate a marginal effect on the identity of dress-making artisans from the occurrence of extreme events because they mostly have a stable local demand for their products. Hence, they follow a separation strategy in response to extreme events. The findings further show a moderate influence on the identity of carpet-making artisans who supply a regular demand from mosques and churches for their carpets. At the same time, changing taste and the rise of artificial intelligence make them follow an integration strategy in response to extreme events and associated shocks. The strongest impact of extreme events is found on papyrus artisans who have been forced to re-orient their traditional working methods and expectations in response to extreme events (e.g. a decrease in tourists, Covid-19, the war in Ukraine). Papyrus artisans have no discernible local demand for their products and face decreasing tourist numbers and tough competition from Chinese products, while also lacking discernible government support.

Originality/value
This paper is one of the pioneering studies to link artisan entrepreneurship specific entrepreneurial identity dynamics with extreme events in a local context. This linkage significantly fills a gap in both entrepreneurship, tourism and management literature.