bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of NT-proBNP in dogs with heartworm: could this biomarker be useful to evaluate pulmonary hypertension?
Authors: Costa-Rodríguez Noelia , García-Rodríguez Sara N. , Matos Jorge I. , Falcón-Cordón Yaiza , Morchón Rodrigo , Montoya-Alonso José A. , Carretón Elena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the usefulness of echocardiography and serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs with heartworm disease has been studied. Previously, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has shown high concentrations in dogs with heart disease and/or PH as well as its usefulness as a prognostic indicator, but it has never been evaluated in the diagnosis and prognosis of PH in dogs with heartworm disease. The aim was to evaluate the serum concentrations of NT-proBNP in dogs infected by Dirofilaria immitis to determine its usefulness as a tool to detect precapillary PH.

Methods
NT-proBNP was determined in 50 heartworm-infected dogs. Presence/absence of PH was determined echocardiographically, using the Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility Index (RPAD Index) and the systolic flow of tricuspid regurgitation mainly, together with other echocardiographic measurements following the guidelines of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) for the diagnosis of PH. Other epidemiological parameters (breed, age, sex, status: client-owned or shelter dogs) and clinical parameters (microfilaremia, parasite burden, presence of symptoms, body condition) were collected as well.

Results
Moderate-severe PH was present in 40% of the dogs (RPAD Index < 29.5%), NT-proBNP concentrations being significantly higher compared with dogs that did not have PH. A cutoff for NT-proBNP of ≥ 1178.45 pmol/l showed a sensitivity of 64.3% and a specificity of 95.5% for the presence of moderate-severe PH. Older dogs and dogs from shelters showed significantly higher NT-proBNP concentrations. Dogs with symptoms and low body condition presented significantly higher NT-proBNP concentrations as well.

Conclusions
The determination of NT-pro-BNP concentration can be a useful tool in the diagnostic work-up of dogs with heartworm disease and associated PH and can help to identify animals in the more advanced stage of this disorder.

Graphical abstract
Racial disparity and regional variance in healthcare utilization among patients with lung cancer in US hospitals during 2016–2019
Authors: Chang Jongwha , Medina Mar , Shin Dong Yeong , Kim Sun Jung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer health disparities are related to various patient factors. This study describes regional differences in healthcare utilization and racial characteristics to identify high-risk areas. This study aimed to identify regions and races at greater risk for lung cancer health disparities based on differences in healthcare utilization, measured here by hospital charges and length of stay.

Methods
The National Inpatient Sample of the United States was used to identify patients with lung cancer (n = 92,159, weighted n = 460,795) from 2016 to 2019. We examined the characteristics of the patient sample and the association between the racial and regional variables and healthcare utilization, measured by hospital charges and length of stay. The multivariate sample weighted linear regression model estimated how racial and regional variables are associated with healthcare utilization.

Results
Out of 460,795 patients, 76.4% were white, and 40.2% were from the South. The number of lung cancer patients during the study periods was stable. However, hospital charges were somewhat increased, and the length of stay was decreased during the study period. Sample weighted linear regression results showed that Hispanic & Asian patients were associated with 21.1% and 12.3% higher hospital charges than White patients. Compared with the Northeast, Midwest and South were associated with lower hospital charges, however, the West was associated with higher hospital charges.

Conclusion
Minority groups and regions are at an increased risk for health inequalities because of differences in healthcare utilization. Further differences in utilization by insurance type may exacerbate the situation for some patients with lung cancer. Hospital managers and policymakers working with these patient populations in identified areas should strive to address these disparities through special prevention programs and targeted financial assistance.
Predictors of 72-h unscheduled return visits with admission in patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain
Authors: Lin Li-Tsung , Lin Sheng-Feng , Chao Chun-Chieh , Lin Hui-An 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Unscheduled return visits (URVs) to the emergency department (ED) constitute a crucial indicator of patient care quality.

Objective
We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who visited the ED with abdominal pain and to identify the risk of URVs with admission (URVAs) from URVs without admission (URVNAs).

Methods
This retrospective study included adult patients who visited the ED of Taipei Medical University Hospital because of abdominal pain and revisited in 72 h over a 5-year period (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for URVAs and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of variables predicting URVAs and the optimal cut-off points for the variables. In addition, a classification and regression tree (CART)-based scoring system was used for predicting risk of URVA.

Results
Of 702 eligible patients with URVs related to abdominal pain, 249 had URVAs (35.5%). In multivariable analysis, risk factors for URVAs during the index visit included execution of laboratory tests (yes vs no: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.32; 95% CI 2.99–6.23), older age (≥ 40 vs < 40 years: AOR, 2.10; 95% CI 1.10–1.34), Level 1–2 triage scores (Levels 1–2 vs Levels 3–5: AOR, 2.30; 95% CI 1.26–4.19), and use of ≥ 2 analgesics (≥ 2 vs < 2: AOR, 2.90; 95% CI 1.58–5.30). ROC curve analysis results revealed the combination of these 4 above variables resulted in acceptable performance (area under curve: 0.716). The above 4 variables were used in the CART model to evaluate URVA propensity.

Conclusions
Elder patients with abdominal pain who needed laboratory workup, had Level 1–2 triage scores, and received ≥ 2 doses of analgesics during their index visits to the ED had higher risk of URVAs.
Exploring willingness-to-pay for ‘malaria-free’ rice among rural consumers in Rwanda: examining the potential for a local voluntary standard
Authors: Rulisa Alexis , van Kempen Luuk , Koch Dirk-Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRice cultivation in Sub-Saharan Africa produces a negative externality in the form of higher malaria risk. Larval source management, such as the application of bio-larvicides in rice fields, is available to mitigate the problem. However, the cost of larvicide and the corresponding spraying campaigns is such that rice farmers are unable to carry all of the financial burden themselves. This study explores in a rice-growing area of Rwanda whether, and to what extent, local consumers are willing to share this burden through their consumption choices. In a non-incentivized format, we elicit willingness-to-pay from 290 respondents for locally produced rice that is cultivated in either sprayed or non-sprayed fields. Price premium estimates are extracted to discuss the prospects of a voluntary sustainability standard for ‘malaria-free’ rice. We observe robust support among local consumers to re-align food production and public health through the marketplace. The results thus warrant a critical reflection on the assumption in the ethical consumption literature that consumers in the Global South, especially those on low incomes in rural areas, cannot play their part.
High-resolution strain-level microbiome composition analysis from short reads
Authors: Liao Herui , Ji Yongxin , Sun Yanni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Bacterial strains under the same species can exhibit different biological properties, making strain-level composition analysis an important step in understanding the dynamics of microbial communities. Metagenomic sequencing has become the major means for probing the microbial composition in host-associated or environmental samples. Although there are a plethora of composition analysis tools, they are not optimized to address the challenges in strain-level analysis: highly similar strain genomes and the presence of multiple strains under one species in a sample. Thus, this work aims to provide a high-resolution and more accurate strain-level analysis tool for short reads.

Results
In this work, we present a new strain-level composition analysis tool named StrainScan that employs a novel tree-based k-mers indexing structure to strike a balance between the strain identification accuracy and the computational complexity. We tested StrainScan extensively on a large number of simulated and real sequencing data and benchmarked StrainScan with popular strain-level analysis tools including Krakenuniq, StrainSeeker, Pathoscope2, Sigma, StrainGE, and StrainEst. The results show that StrainScan has higher accuracy and resolution than the state-of-the-art tools on strain-level composition analysis. It improves the F1 score by 20% in identifying multiple strains at the strain level.

Conclusions
By using a novel k-mer indexing structure, StrainScan is able to provide strain-level analysis with higher resolution than existing tools, enabling it to return more informative strain composition analysis in one sample or across multiple samples. StrainScan takes short reads and a set of reference strains as input and its source codes are freely available at https://github.com/liaoherui/StrainScan.
Developing neural network diagnostic models and potential drugs based on novel identified immune-related biomarkers for celiac disease
Authors: Shen Tao , Wang Haiyang , Hu Rongkang , Lv Yanni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
As one of the most common intestinal inflammatory diseases, celiac disease (CD) is typically characterized by an autoimmune disorder resulting from ingesting gluten proteins. Although the incidence and prevalence of CD have increased over time, the diagnostic methods and treatment options are still limited. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the potential biomarkers and targeted drugs for CD.

Methods
Gene expression data was downloaded from GEO datasets. Differential gene expression analysis was performed to identify the dysregulated immune-related genes. Multiple machine algorithms, including randomForest, SVM-RFE, and LASSO, were used to select the hub immune-related genes (HIGs). The immune-related genes score (IG score) and artificial neural network (ANN) were constructed based on HIGs. Potential drugs targeting HIGs were identified by using the Enrichr platform and molecular docking method.

Results
We identified the dysregulated immune-related genes at a genome-wide level and demonstrated their roles in CD-related immune pathways. The hub genes (MR1, CCL25, and TNFSF13B) were further screened by integrating several machine algorithms. Meanwhile, the CD patients were divided into distinct subtypes with either high- or low-immunoactivity using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and consensus clustering. By constructing IG score based on HIGs, we found that patients with high IG score were mainly attributed to high-immunoactivity subgroups, which suggested a strong link between HIGs and immunoactivity of CD patients. In addition, the novel constructed ANN model showed the sound diagnostic ability of HIGs. Mechanistically, we validated that the HIGs play pivotal roles in regulating CD's immune and inflammatory state. Through targeting the HIGs, we also found potential drugs for anti-CD treatment by using the Enrichr platform and molecular docking method.

Conclusions
This study unveils the HIGs and elucidates the networks regulated by these genes in the context of CD. It underscores the pivotal significance of HIGs in accurately predicting the presence or absence of CD in patients. Consequently, this research offers promising prospects for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CD.
The development of co-designed parent-supported cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism in adolescents with eating disorders: initial feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Egan Sarah J. , Neal Jamie , Ure Sarah , Callaghan Thomas , Ho Pheobe , Shafran Roz , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Perfectionism is significantly associated with symptoms of eating disorders in adolescents. Studies to date have not examined parent-supported CBT for perfectionism in eating disorders (CBT-P-ED). We co-designed the treatment and conducted a feasibility trial.

Methods
Eight parents of adolescents with eating disorders (M age = 48.75 years, 100% female) engaged in three co-design workshops to create a parent-supported CBT-P-ED self-help intervention. A further 10 parents (M age 41.8 years, 50% female) and their adolescent offspring (n = 10, M age 15.4 years, 60% female, 50% with self-reported diagnosis of anorexia nervosa) participated in a feasibility trial and provided feedback on the intervention.

Results
The parents who engaged in the co-design workshops suggested several areas to optimise the perfectionism intervention, including using plain language, the impact of parental perfectionism, how to engage with their adolescent in treatment and the importance of increasing eating disorder specific material. Feedback from the feasibility trial suggested that the intervention was acceptable and feasible with 100% of parents and adolescents saying it was useful, and no attrition.

Conclusions
Parent-supported CBT-P-ED appears to be feasible. Future research is now required in a randomised controlled trial.
Psychiatrists’ attitudes to professional boundaries concerning spirituality and religion: mixed-methods study
Authors: Poole Rob , Cook Christopher C. H. , Song Robert , Robinson Catherine A. 
Published: August 2023

Aims and methodCalls for the integration of spirituality into psychiatric practice have raised concerns about boundary violations. We sought to develop a method to capture psychiatrists’ attitudes to professional boundaries and spirituality, explore consensus and understand what factors are considered. Case vignettes were developed, tested and refined. Three vignettes were presented to 80 mental health professionals (53% said they were psychiatrists; 39% did not identify their professional status). Participants recorded their reactions to the vignettes. Four researchers categorised these as identifying boundary violations or not and analysed the factors considered.ResultsIn 90% of cases, at least three of the four researchers agreed on classification (boundary violation; possible boundary violation; no boundary violation). Participants’ opinion about boundary violations was heterogeneous. There was consensus that psychiatrists should not proselytise in clinical settings. Reasoning emphasised pragmatic concerns. Few participants mentioned their religious beliefs. Equivocation was common.Clinical implicationsMental health professionals seem unsure about professional boundaries concerning religion and spirituality in psychiatric practice.
Perioperative Chemoimmunotherapy With Durvalumab for Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: Primary Analysis of the Single-Arm Phase II Trial SAKK 06/17
Authors: Cathomas Richard , Rothschild Sacha I. , Hayoz Stefanie , Bubendorf Lukas , Özdemir Berna C. , Kiss Bernhard , Erdmann Andreas , Aeppli Stefanie , Mach Nicolas , Strebel Räto T. , Hadaschik Boris , Berthold Dominik , John Hubert , Zihler Deborah , Schmid Mathias , Alborelli Ilaria , Schneider Martina , Musilova Jana , Spahn Martin , Petrausch Ulf 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE The integration of immunotherapy in the perioperative setting of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) appears promising. SAKK 06/17 investigated the addition of neoadjuvant durvalumab to gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy followed by radical surgery and adjuvant checkpoint inhibition with durvalumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS SAKK 06/17 was an investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm phase II study including cisplatin-fit patients with stage cT2-T4a cN0-1 operable MIUC. Four cycles of neoadjuvant GC in combination with four cycles of durvalumab (start with GC cycle 2) were administered, followed by radical surgery. Adjuvant durvalumab was given for 10 cycles. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS) at 2 years. RESULTS Sixty one patients were accrued at 12 sites. The full analysis set consisted of 57 patients, 54 (95%) had bladder cancer. Median follow-up was 40 months. The primary end point was met, with EFS at 2 years of 76% (one-sided 90% CI [lower bound], 67%; two-sided 95% CI, 62 to 85). EFS at 3 years was 73% (95% CI, 59 to 83). Complete pathologic response in resected patients (N = 52) was achieved in 17 patients (33%), and 31 (60%) had pathologic response <ypT2 ypN0. Overall survival (OS) was 85% (95% CI, 72 to 92) at 2 years and 81% (95% CI, 67 to 89) at 3 years. Grade 3 and 4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) during neoadjuvant treatment occurred in 42% and 25%, respectively. TRAEs related to adjuvant durvalumab were grade 3 in 5 (11%) and grade 4 in 2 (4%) patients. CONCLUSION The addition of perioperative durvalumab to the standard of care for patients with resectable MIUC results in a high EFS and OS at 2 years.
Topological robust corner states of a two-dimensional square lattice with C4 symmetry in fully coupled dipolar arrays
Authors: Luo Chen , Li Hui-Chang , Shen Yun , Deng Xiao-Hua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A profound insight into topological photonic systems will empower us to harness their maximum potential and discover uncharted topological phenomena. For the square quadripartite lattice with only nearest-neighbor reciprocal couplings, in the out-of-plane mode, sublattice symmetry makes the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian symmetric around zero energy, while C
4 symmetry closes the gap between the central bands. Meanwhile, topological corner states (CSs) are fixed at zero energy due to chiral symmetry. Thereby, the CSs cannot appear in a gap, but are embedded in the bulk. In this paper, the full coupling between dipoles is considered in the Hamiltonian, i.e., not only the near-field of nearest-neighbor, but also the far-field dipole-dipole interactions are taken into account to investigate the new potential topological properties. The results show that the sublattice symmetry of the system will be broken, leading to the appearance of a zero-energy band gap. Nevertheless, the generalized chiral symmetry ensures that the CSs are still pinned to zero energy. That is, in-gap CSs are provided. Additionally, the silicon carbide materials used in this paper can confine light to the deep subwavelength scale, which has great potential in enhancing light-matter interactions in the terahertz range.
Restless Legs Syndrome and Other Common Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Authors: Khan Meena 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article reviews common sleep-related movement disorders, including their clinical description, epidemiology, pathophysiology (if known), and evaluation and management strategies. This article will provide the reader with a good foundation for approaching concerns that are suggestive of sleep-related movement disorders to properly evaluate and manage these conditions.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
α2δ Ligands, such as gabapentin enacarbil, can be used for the initial treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) or in those who cannot tolerate, or have developed augmentation to, dopamine agonists. Another option is the rotigotine patch, which has a 24-hour treatment window and may be beneficial for those who have developed augmentation with short-acting dopamine agonists. IV iron can improve RLS symptoms even in those whose serum ferritin level is between 75 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. At serum ferritin levels greater than 75 ng/mL, oral iron will likely have minimal absorption or little effect on the improvement of RLS. Research has found an association between RLS and cardiovascular disease, particularly in people who have periodic limb movements of sleep.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
RLS is the most common sleep-related movement disorder. Its pathophysiology is likely a combination of central iron deficiency, dopamine overproduction, and possibly cortical excitation. Treatment includes oral or IV iron. Dopaminergic medications can be very effective but often lead to augmentation, which limits their long-term use. Other sleep-related movement disorders to be aware of are sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder, nocturnal muscle cramps, sleep-related propriospinal myoclonus, sleep bruxism, and benign myoclonus of infancy.
Sleep Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Shelton Althea Robinson 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article provides a comprehensive review of pediatric sleep disorders including the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, parasomnias, restless sleep disorder, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy in childhood, and Kleine-Levin syndrome.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Our understanding of pediatric sleep pathophysiology continues to evolve, and diagnostic and treatment modalities have expanded. A low-sodium oxybate formulation was approved in July 2020 in the United States to treat cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients 7 years old and older with narcolepsy. A validated pediatric hypersomnolence survey for pediatric narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia with high sensitivity, specificity, and interrater reliability is now available.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
The clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment of children with sleep disorders differ from those of adults. Untreated sleep disorders in childhood can lead to adverse physical and psychological consequences in adults. Correctly diagnosing and treating sleep disorders in youth can prevent a significant burden of disease in adulthood.
Introducing Journalism into the History of Economics
Authors: Mata Tiago 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The introductory essay to the HOPE supplement on “economics as news” argues why journalism is a deserving subject for research in the history of economics. The case rests on three claims. The first is that the study of journalism gives us a view of a distinct epistemological tradition, of news epistemology, that unsettles the standard convictions of academic knowledge ways. Second, the practices of news organizations are key to understanding how these organizations transform contemporary life into news, marketable products of predictable format. The implication is that economics is featured in news when it is aligned with preexisting journalism practices. Third, journalists acknowledge the existence of domains of expertise but do not feel accountable to them. Ideas that economists may think of as their own are appropriated, repurposed, reinterpreted, and then again and again. Taken together, these arguments describe journalism as an exciting new research territory that will help us understand why so often the body of public economic knowledge diverges from the convictions of credentialed economists.