bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient Elution Chromatography
Authors: Dolan John W. , Snyder Lloyd R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Elution chromatography can be carried out in either isocratic or gradient modes. In isocratic elution, the mobile‐phase composition is held constant during separation of the sample, e.g. 60% v/v acetonitrile–water. In gradient elution, the mobile‐phase composition will be varied during sample separation, e.g. changing from 0% to 100% v/v acetonitrile–water. Gradient elution requires special chromatographic equipment, as well as somewhat greater care on the part of the operator, but it has important advantages for many separations. Thus, in isocratic elution, sample peaks tend to ‘bunch up’ at the beginning of the chromatogram (often with decreased resolution) and to broaden at the end of the chromatogram (with reduced detection sensitivity). Gradient elution, on the other hand, provides a more even spacing of peaks, similar widths throughout the chromatogram, and often a shorter run time. For these and other reasons, gradient elution is preferred for the separation of many samples.
Scalable Polyimide‐Organosilicate Hybrid Films for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Dong Jiufeng , Li Li , Qiu Peiqi , Pan Yupeng , Niu Yujuan , Sun Liang , Pan Zizhao , Liu Yuqi , Tan Li , Xu Xinwei , Xu Chen , Luo Guangfu , Wang Qing , Wang Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐temperature polymer dielectrics have broad application prospects in next‐generation microelectronics and electrical power systems. However, the capacitive energy densities of dielectric polymers at elevated temperatures are severely limited by carrier excitation and transport. Herein, a molecular engineering strategy is presented to regulate the bulk‐limited conduction in the polymer by bonding amino polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (NH2‐POSS) with the chain ends of polyimide (PI). Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the terminal group NH2‐POSS with a wide‐bandgap of Eg ≈ 6.6 eV increases the band energy levels of the PI and induces the formation of local deep traps in the hybrid films, which significantly restrains carrier transport. At 200 °C, the hybrid film exhibits concurrently an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 3.45 J cm−3 and a high gravimetric energy density of 2.74 J g−1, with the charge‐discharge efficiency >90%, far exceeding those achieved in the dielectric polymers and nearly all other polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, the NH2‐POSS terminated PI film exhibits excellent charge‐discharge cyclability (>50000) and power density (0.39 MW cm−3) at 200 °C, making it a promising candidate for high‐temperature high‐energy‐density capacitors. This work represents a novel strategy to scalable polymer dielectrics with superior capacitive performance operating in harsh environments.
The Significance of an In Situ ALD Al2O3 Stacked Structure for p‐Type SnO TFT Performance and Monolithic All‐ALD‐Channel CMOS Inverter Applications
Authors: Kim Hye‐Mi , Choi Su‐Hwan , Lee Han Uk , Cho Sung Beom , Park Jin‐Seong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTin monoxide (SnO) has been studied widely over the past several decades due to its promising theoretical p‐type performance. However, limited fabrication processes due to the low thermal and air stability of SnO have resulted in poor performance in thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Here, it is suggested that in situ atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an Al2O3 capping layer can improve the electrical performance in SnO TFTs. By adopting an in situ stacking process, which protects vulnerable SnO thin films from exposure to air and contamination, SnO exhibits enhanced crystallinity, electrical performance, and improved scaling limitation of channel thickness. Especially, in situ stacked Al2O3 on a 7 nm SnO TFT has an exceptionally low subthreshold swing (0.15 V decade−1), high on/off ratio (6.54 × 105), and reasonable mobility (1.14 cm2 V−1 s−1) while the bare SnO TFT is not activated. Computational thermodynamics such as chemical potential analysis, nucleation Gibbs free‐energy calculations, and various analytical techniques are used to reveal the origin of highly crystallized SnO formations via in situ deposition of Al2O3. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art all‐ALD‐channel complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor inverters using n‐type indium gallium zinc oxide and p‐type SnO TFTs are integrated, which exhibit a maximum voltage gain of 240 V V−1 and a noise margin of 89.3%.
Dual‐Interfering Chemistry for Soft‐Hard Carbon Translation toward Fast and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: He Hanna , He Jun , Yu Huaibo , Zeng Li , Luo Dan , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDirect pyrolysis of low‐cost and resource‐abundant pitch generally produces highly graphitized soft carbon, showing low reversible capacity and a negligible charge‐discharge plateau owing to its unsuitable microstructure for sodium storage. Herein, for the first time, an innovative dual‐interfering chemistry strategy is proposed to solve the soft‐hard carbon translation challenge. Multifunctional zinc gluconate generates dual‐mechanism interference upon decomposition and successfully regulates pitch pyrolysis: 1) the gas decomposition products (carbon oxides) may consume excess hydrogen to realize fusion‐to‐solid‐state pyrolysis of pitch, hindering microcrystalline ordering; 2) the solid compounds (i.e., organic zinc salt and ZnO nanoparticles) not only weakens strong π–π interactions between the aromatic chains of pitch but also introduces abundant closed pores into the carbon matrix. The optimized pitch‐derived hard carbon (PZHC 450–1200) shows an absorption‐insertion‐pore filling sodium storage mechanism after microstructure conversion from graphitic structure to a pore‐rich and turbostratic structure. As a result, the PZHC 450–1200 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 with a more than twofold‐enhanced low‐voltage plateau capacity ratio, and outstanding rate capability that outperforms almost all previously reported pitch‐derived carbons. The concept of dual‐interfering chemistry contributes to achieving low‐cost and high‐performance hard carbon for fast and durable sodium storage.
β2‐Adrenoreceptor Agonists, Montelukast, and Parkinson Disease Risk
Authors: Liu Bojing , Svenningsson Per , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Lundholm Cecilia , Wallin Johan , Larsson Henrik , Sjölander Arvid , Williams Dylan M. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Wirdefeldt Karin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine the association between montelukast use, β2‐adrenoreceptor (β2AR) agonist use, and later Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe ascertained use of β2AR agonists (430,885 individuals) and montelukast (23,315 individuals) from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2007, and followed 5,186,886 PD‐free individuals from July 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013 for incident PD diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using Cox regressions.ResultsWe observed 16,383 PD cases during on average 6.1 years of follow‐up. Overall, use of β2AR agonists and montelukast were not related to PD incidence. A 38% lower PD incidence was noted among high‐dose montelukast users when restricted to PD registered as the primary diagnosis.InterpretationOverall, our data do not support inverse associations between β2AR agonists, montelukast, and PD. The prospect of lower PD incidence with high‐dose montelukast exposure warrants further investigation, especially with adjustment for high‐quality data on smoking. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1023–1028
Chaos Generation in Opto‐Mechanical Coupling System Assisted by Two‐Level Atoms
Authors: Ma Yong‐Hong , Zhao Rong , Hou Xing‐Wang , Liu Jia‐Wei , Li Ming‐Xin , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChaos is important in nonlinear science and promotes the development of fundamental studies, such as neural networks, extreme event statistics, and electron transport. In this paper, a theoretical scheme for generating dynamical chaos in a Fabry–Perot cavity with two‐level atoms is investigated. Through the injection of atoms, controllable chaos of the cavity and mechanical oscillator is achieved simultaneously by the external laser field. The trajectory and the maximal Lyapunov exponent that characterize the properties of the chaos could be optimized by adjusting the coupling constant, driving field, injection of atoms, the frequency of the cavity, and the frequency of the mechanical oscillator. This study provides a new idea to manipulate the cavity and mechanical chaos assisted by two level atoms. It is hoped that the results presented can benefit controllable chaos generation and its applications.
Gas permeation through polyethylene glycol/polytetramethylene glycol based polyurethane–silica mixed matrix membranes and interfacial morphology study via modeling approach
Authors: Fakhar Afsaneh , Zarabadipoor Mohammadmahdi , Talakesh Mohammad Mehdi , Sadeghi Morteza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA series of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on polyurethane (PU) and silica nanoparticles was fabricated. Three types of PU were synthesized with different polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polytetramethylene glycol ratios (PU0, PU75, and PU100, the corresponding numbers: PEG percent). The MMMs were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and gas permeation measurements (N2, O2, CH4, and CO2). The phase mixing of PU0 and PU75 membranes increased with silica content. This resulted in a decrease in gas permeability, while an increase in CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities. The gas separation trend for PU100 membranes was the opposite. The molecular probing approach was served to study the interfacial structure of the MMMs. The existence of a rigidified polymer layer with 2.38 and 2.44 nm thicknesses around silica was revealed through PU0 and PU75 membranes, respectively. In contrary, silica was surrounded by a polymer chain dilution interphase with a thickness of 2.20 nm for PU100 MMMs.
Effects of β‐dextranase in raw natural rubber on the interface and performance of natural rubber/silica composites via simulation with an outer same protein
Authors: Xu Tiwen , Liao Lusheng , Li Shitao , Yao Qi , Wang Yueqiong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs one of the non‐isoprene components in raw natural rubber (NR), proteins always act an important role to the final performance of the filled rubber composites. In this work, we involved a natural protein β‐dextranase externally to simulate the same protease in raw NR, and analyzed the effects of β‐dextranase content on the dispersion of silica particles, mechanical performance, viscoelastic loss of NR/silica composites. β‐dextranase acts with silica through an intense hydrogen bond interaction, which improves silica dispersion and strengthens the mechanical properties of NR/silica composites obviously when loading 4 wt% β‐dextranase, as well as the ameliorative UV aging resistance. As a consequence, the energy loss of the composites is decreased remarkably, showing great advantage in low rolling resistance tire. Besides, the results could offer the data reference to the breeding, deep processing and application of NR.
The ear region of the Philippine flying lemur Cynocephalus volans (Placentalia, Dermoptera)
Authors: Wible John R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe placental order Dermoptera, which includes two extant species, the Philippine and Sunda flying lemurs, Cynocephalus volans and Galeopterus variegatus, respectively, is generally held to be the sister group of Primates. Yet, little has been reported on their cranial anatomy. Here, the anatomy of the ear region is described and illustrated for a juvenile and adult C. volans based on CT scans. The inclusion of a juvenile is essential as nearly all cranial sutures are fused in the adult. Soft tissues are reconstructed based on sectioned histological pre‐ and postnatal specimens previously reported by the author. Numerous unusual features are identified, including: a small parasphenoid beneath the basisphenoid, a tensor tympani fossa on the epitympanic wing of the squamosal, a cavum supracochleare for the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve that is not enclosed in the petrosal bone, a secondary facial foramen between the petrosal and squamosal, a secondary posttemporal foramen leading to the primary one, a subarcuate fossa that is floored in part by a large contribution from the squamosal, a body of the incus larger than the head of the malleus, and a crus longum of the incus that lacks an osseous connection to the lenticular process. Documentation of the anatomy of the Philippine flying lemur ear region is an essential first step in morphological phylogenetic analyses where features of the basicranium are widely sampled.
Gas‐phase fluorination of conjugated microporous polymer microspheres for effective interfacial stabilization in lithium metal anodes
Authors: Li Zihao , Kong Lingchen , Peng Cong , Feng Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes have attracted extensive attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low potential. However, the uneven deposition of Li near the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces leads to the growth of Li dendrites and the degradation of active electrodes. Herein, we directly fluorinate alkyne‐containing conjugated microporous polymers (ACMPs) microspheres with fluorine gas (F2) to introduce a novel fluorinated interlayer as an interfacial stabilizer in lithium metal batteries. Using density functional theory methods, it is found that as‐prepared fluorinated ACMP (FACMP) has abundant partially ionic C–F bonds. The C–F bonds with electrochemical lability yield remarkable lithiophilicity during cycling. The in situ reactions between the active C–F bonds and Li ions enable transfer of lithium fluoride microcrystals to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, guaranteeing effective ionic distribution and smooth Li deposition. Consequently, Li metal electrodes with the fluorinated interlayers demonstrate excellent cycling performances in both half‐batteries and full cells with a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide electrolyte as well as a nonfluorinated lithium bis(oxalate)borate electrolyte system. This strategy is highly significant in customizable SEI layers to stabilize electrode interfaces and ensure high utilization of Li metal anodes, especially in a nonfluorinated electrolyte.
Rh‐Catalyzed Direct Decarbonylative Borylation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Yin Chang , Liao Yanjing , He Bangyue , Li Hongyi , Su Weiping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarboxylic acids are abundant, low cost and environmentally friendly, direct convert carboxylic acids into valued‐added compounds are in high demand. Herein, we report a Rh(I) catalyzed direct decarbonylative borylation of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acid using TFFH as activator. This protocol features excellent functional‐group tolerance and a broad substrate scope including natural product and drugs. A gram‐scale decarbonylative borylation reaction of Probenecid is also presented. In addition, the utility of this strategy is highlighted by a one‐pot decarbonylative borylation/ derivatization sequence.
Development of multiple AI pipelines that predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response of breast cancer using H&E‐stained tissues
Authors: Shen Bin , Saito Akira , Ueda Ai , Fujita Koji , Nagamatsu Yui , Hashimoto Mikihiro , Kobayashi Masaharu , Mirza Aashiq H , Graf Hans Peter , Cosatto Eric , Hazama Shoichi , Nagano Hiroaki , Sato Eiichi , Matsubayashi Jun , Nagao Toshitaka , Cheng Esther , Hoda Syed AF , Ishikawa Takashi , Kuroda Masahiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the treatment of breast cancer has advanced dramatically and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become a common treatment method, especially for locally advanced breast cancer. However, other than the subtype of breast cancer, no clear factor indicating sensitivity to NAC has been identified. In this study, we attempted to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the effect of preoperative chemotherapy from hematoxylin and eosin images of pathological tissue obtained from needle biopsies prior to chemotherapy. Application of AI to pathological images typically uses a single machine‐learning model such as support vector machines (SVMs) or deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, cancer tissues are extremely diverse and learning with a realistic number of cases limits the prediction accuracy of a single model. In this study, we propose a novel pipeline system that uses three independent models each focusing on different characteristics of cancer atypia. Our system uses a CNN model to learn structural atypia from image patches and SVM and random forest models to learn nuclear atypia from fine‐grained nuclear features extracted by image analysis methods. It was able to predict the NAC response with 95.15% accuracy on a test set of 103 unseen cases. We believe that this AI pipeline system will contribute to the adoption of personalized medicine in NAC therapy for breast cancer.
Blockchain‐based certificateless public auditing with privacy‐preserving for cloud‐based cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Adouth Vamshi , Rajagopal Eswari 
Published: March 2023

SummaryCloud‐server is an effective and flexible way to manage the massive amounts of data produced by cyber‐physical systems. It is a better option to outsource these data to the cloud. When data is outsourced to the cloud, users lose control over it, compromising the data's integrity. Many public auditing schemes were proposed to address this issue, where trusted third‐party auditors (TPAs) verify the integrity of data on behalf of the users. However, trusted TPAs are vulnerable and may not provide correct auditing results on time. Moreover, there is no trust nowadays. Blockchain‐based auditing schemes were introduced to prevent trusted third parties from overcoming this issue. However, most blockchain‐based public auditing schemes suffer from the key‐escrow issue. To overcome the key‐escrow problem and malicious auditors, in this article, a blockchain‐based certificateless public auditing with privacy‐preserving for cloud‐based cyber‐physical systems is constructed. The proposed scheme is secure against type I, II, III, and IV adversaries in the random oracle model. Further, the original proof of the data is masked using a random function to achieve data privacy when data is transferred between the cloud‐server and verifier. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has higher efficiency and is suitable for cyber‐physical systems.
Dual‐State Emission and Two‐Photon Absorption Tuned by Benzonitrile Substitution in 2,3,4,5‐Tetraphenyl‐1H‐Pyrrole
Authors: Cesaretti Alessio , Cai Zhengxu , Kim Junseok , Kim Hyungjun , Lei Yunxiang , Carlotti Benedetta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA series of nine 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenyl pyrrole derivatives presenting benzonitrile substitution at different positions was designed and synthesized for this work. Their structure–emission property relationships were investigated in depth through a joint advanced experimental and computational effort. Our ultrafast and non‐linear spectroscopic results showed more efficient intramolecular charge transfer and enhanced two‐photon absorption cross sections when the benzonitrile substitution is at position 3 of the central pyrrole. On the other hand, an intriguing dual‐state emission behaviour was found to be activated by substitution at position 2, with exceptionally large photoluminescence quantum yields exhibited both in solution and in the solid state. Indeed, the quantum chemical simulations revealed for the derivatives functionalized at position 2 that the distorted geometry of the benzonitrile substituent with respect to the phenyl ring prevents emission quenching in the aggregate species by π‐π stacking interactions. Our findings shed new light on optimized design strategies of highly emitting materials for efficient optoelectronic devices.
Longitudinal relationships between sub‐clinical depression, sub‐clinical eating disorders and health‐related quality of life in early adolescence
Authors: Kenny Bridget , Bowe Steven J. , Taylor C. Barr , Moodie Marj , Brown Vicki , Hoban Elizabeth , Williams Joanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveA comprehensive understanding of the relationship between depressive symptoms and eating disorder (ED) symptoms requires consideration of additional variables that may influence this relationship. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) has been associated with both depression and EDs; however, there is limited evidence to demonstrate how all three variables interact over time. This study sought to explore the bi‐directional relationships between depressive symptoms, ED symptoms and HRQOL in a large community sample of young adolescentsMethodAdolescents (N = 1393) aged between 11 and 14 years (M = 12.50, SD = 0.38) completed an online survey measuring depressive symptoms, ED symptoms and HRQOL. Two‐level autoregressive cross‐lagged models with three variables (i.e., depressive symptoms, HRQOL and ED) assessed across two time points (T1 and T2) were created to address the study aims.ResultsHRQOL was found to predict depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms were found to predict ED symptoms. Components of HRQOL (i.e., social relationships and ability to cope) were found to share a differential relationship with depressive symptoms. Inability to cope predicted depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms predicted negative social relationships. EDs were found to predict reduced HRQOL and negative social relationships.DiscussionFindings suggest prevention and early intervention programs designed to address adolescent depression should focus on improving HRQOL. Future research should assess the relationship between HRQOL and individual ED symptoms (e.g., body‐related ED symptoms, restrictive symptoms) as a means of exploring relationships that may have been masked by assessing ED symptoms using a total score.Public SignificanceThis study sought to explore how eating disorders, depressive symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) relate over time in a sample of young adolescents. Findings indicate adolescents who self‐reported lower levels of HRQOL, including a reduced ability to cope, are at risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Adolescents should be provided with the tools to develop problem‐focused coping strategies as a means of reducing depressive symptoms.