bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of behavioral public policy research: origins, mechanisms and outcomes
Authors: Mozafar Meisam , Moini Alireza , Sobhanifard Yaser 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to identify the origins, mechanisms and outcomes of applying behavioral insight in public policy research.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a systematic literature review to answer three research questions. The authors identified 387 primary studies, dated from January 2000 to April 2021 and coded them through a thematic analysis. Related studies were obtained through searching in Emerald, ScienceDirect, Sage, Springer, Wiley and Routledge.

Findings
The results identified eight themes for origins, 16 themes for mechanisms/techniques and 13 outcome-related themes. Through the thematic analysis, the major mechanisms of behavioral approach were found to be social marketing, information provision, social norms, incentives, affect, regulation design, framing, salience, defaults, simplification, networking, environment design, scheduled announcements, commitments, attitude-preference-behavior manifestation and combining behavioral and nonbehavioral mechanisms.

Practical implications
The findings of this review help policymakers to design or redesign policy elements.

Originality/value
This review provides the first systematic exploration of the existing literature on behavioral public policy.
The labour consequences of Covid-19: migrant workers in tourism and hospitality
Authors: Janta Hania , Ladkin Adele 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the consequences of Covid-19 for the migrants and the tourism industry following the emergence of the new business models and operational practices in the following three areas: i) Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 labour shortages, ii) the development of migrant gig jobs and iii) future trends.

Design/methodology/approach
Covid-19 posed challenges for labour retention and has given rise to new outsourced and precarious forms of employment. The growth of various tourism-related apps and establishments, such as “ghost kitchens” or pop-up restaurants, has transformed the landscape of tourism work and opportunities. This short paper provides an overview of the labour consequences of Covid-19, focusing on migrant tourism workers.

Findings
Despite growing attention towards promoting sustainable, just and decent employment, global trends and changing industrial relations in the sector have led to heightened levels of precariousness and uncertainty in migrants’ work.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on tourism employment by examining the forms of new business models and operational practices that affect migrant labour.
Microseismic wavefield modelling in anisotropic elastic media using integral equation method
Authors: Shekhar Ujjwal , Jakobsen Morten , Iversen Einar , Berre Inga , Radu Florin A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a frequency‐domain volume integral method to model the microseismic wavefield in heterogeneous anisotropic‐elastic media. The elastic wave equation is written as an integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type, and the seismic source is represented as a general moment tensor. The actual medium is split into a background medium and a scattered medium. The background part of the displacement field is computed analytically, but the scattered part requires a numerical solution. The existing matrix‐based implementation of the integral equation is computationally inefficient to model the wavefield in three‐dimensional earth. An integral equation for the particle displacement is, hence, formulated in a matrix‐free manner through the application of the Fourier transform. The biconjugate gradient stabilized method is used to iteratively obtain the solution of this equation. The integral equation method is naturally target oriented, and it is not necessary to fully discretize the model. This is very helpful in the microseismic wavefield computation at receivers in the borehole in many cases; say, for example, we want to focus only on the fluid injection zone in the reservoir–overburden system and not on the whole subsurface region. Additionally, the integral equation system matrix has a low condition number. This provides us flexibility in the selection of the grid size, especially at low frequencies for given wave velocities. Considering all these factors, we apply the numerical scheme to three different models in order of increasing geological complexity. We obtain the elastic displacement fields corresponding to the different types of moment tensor sources, which prove the utility of this method in microseismic. The generated synthetic data are intended to be used in inversion for the microseismic source and model parameters.
Can Pre‐recorded Evidence Raise Conviction Rates in Cases of Domestic Violence?
Authors: Yeong Steve S. , Poynton Suzanne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the association between pre‐recorded evidence and court outcomes in cases of domestic violence. Net of controls and time fixed effects, we find that cases with pre‐recorded evidence are 3.4 percentage points more likely to result in a conviction. This increase occurs through three channels: a 5.6 percentage point increase in the probability of a conviction among (the one in four) cases that proceed to a defended hearing; a 2.4 percentage point increase in the probability of a guilty plea; and, a 2.4 percentage point decrease in the probability that the prosecution withdraws their case.
SAEM GRACE: Phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal management in the emergency department: A systematic review of direct evidence
Authors: Punia Kiran , Scott William , Manuja Kriti , Campbell Kaitryn , Balodis Iris M. , MacKillop James 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a commonly presenting condition in the emergency department (ED) and can have severe complications, including mortality. Benzodiazepines are first‐line medications for treating AWS but may be unavailable or insufficient. This systematic review evaluates the direct evidence assessing the utility of phenobarbital for treating AWS in the ED.MethodsA systematic search was conducted and designed according to the patient–intervention–comparator–outcome (PICO) question: (P) adults (≥18 years old) presenting to the ED with alcohol withdrawal; (I) phenobarbital (including adjunctive); (C) benzodiazepines or no intervention; and (O) AWS complications, admission to a monitored setting, control of symptoms, adverse effects, and adjunctive medications. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and conducted risk of bias assessments for included studies.ResultsFrom 70 potentially relevant articles, seven studies met inclusion criteria: three retrospective cohort studies, two retrospective chart reviews, and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one examining phenobarbital monotherapy and one examining adjunctive phenobarbital. Across the retrospective cohort studies, treatment of AWS with phenobarbital resulted in lower odds of a subsequent ED visit. The retrospective chart reviews indicated that phenobarbital was associated with higher discharge rate compared to benzodiazepine‐only treatments. For the two RCTs, phenobarbital did not differ significantly from benzodiazepine for most outcomes, although concomitant treatment with phenobarbital was associated with lower benzodiazepine use and intensive care unit admission. The heterogeneous designs and small number of studies prevented quantitative synthesis.ConclusionsRelatively few studies provide direct evidence on the utility of phenobarbital for AWS in the ED, but the evidence that exists generally suggests that it is a reasonable and appropriate approach. Additional RCTs and other methodologically rigorous investigations are needed for more definitive direct evidence.
Increased expression of human antiviral protein MxA in FUS proteinopathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Honda Hiroyuki , Yagita Kaoru , Arahata Hajime , Hamasaki Hideomi , Noguchi Hideko , Koyama Sachiko , Sasagasako Naokazu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFUS mutations are one of the major mutations in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathological hallmark is FUS‐positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (FUS‐NCI), known as FUS proteinopathy. Human myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) is an IFN‐induced dynamin‐like GTPase that acts as antiviral factor. In this study, we examined the expression of MxA in neurons bearing FUS‐NCI. We performed immunohistochemistry for FUS and MxA to examine the expression of MxA in two autopsy cases with different FUS gene mutations localized at the nuclear localization signal site (Case 1, H517P; Case 2, R521C). MxA. Most neurons bearing FUS‐NCI have increased cytoplasmic MxA expression. Increased cytoplasmic MxA showed several distribution patterns in relation to FUS‐NCIs such as the following: colocalization with NCI, distribution more widely than NCI, and different distribution peaks from NCI. Our results suggested that antiviral signaling IFNs are involved upstream in the formation of FUS‐NCI in ALS‐FUS patients.
A personalized app to improve quality of life of patients with a stoma: A protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Storm Sebastiaan L. , Bemelman Willem A. , van Dieren Susan , Schijven Marlies P. ,   the Stoma APPtimize Collaborative Study Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimProper education, guidance and support is crucial before and following creation of a stoma. Patients with a stoma and their close relatives need to adapt to and cope with this new – and sometimes unforeseen – situation, which may result in insecurities and a variety of psychosocial problems. Self‐efficacy is associated both with a reduction in psychosocial problems and with improved quality of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether self‐reported quality of life of patients with a stoma can be enhanced by offering personalized and timed guidance, as well as peer contact, in a patient‐centred mobile application.MethodA multicentre, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Consented adults >18 years of age who will receive an ileostomy or colostomy and possess an eligible smartphone will be included. The intervention group will be given the full version of the application (containing personalized and timed guidance, such as operation‐specific information and information on the associated care pathway) to install on their smartphone. In addition, the intervention group has access to a protected peer‐support platform within the app. The control group will receive a restricted version of the application that contains only generic (non‐personalized) stoma‐related information. The primary outcome is quality of life, 3 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes are Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), such as psychological adaption, as well as number of complications, re‐admission and re‐operation rates and the length of hospital stay.ResultsPatient enrolment began in March 2021. Data collection was not complete when this protocol was submitted.ConclusionWe hypothesize that patients with a stoma who are supported by the intervention version of the app will report a significantly higher quality of life than patients with a stoma who are supported by the control version of the app (ie, are not offered personalized and timed guidance and information and do not have access to peer support in the app).
The “hands” teaching methods applied to the anatomy related to anorectal surgery
Authors: Huang Xing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe knowledge of the regional anatomy could assist us in performing various operations very well. However, mastering the regional anatomy very well is often a challenge, especially for a young surgeon.Method“Hands” teaching methods (using gesture to simulate anatomical structure) is a simple, impressive and interesting teaching method in medical education. Our goal is to find some simple gestures that could mimic some important anatomical structures in current anorectal surgery.ResultsWe have obtained a series of interesting and simple gestures that could exactly mimic many important anatomical structures in current anorectal surgery field, see video. These anatomical structures are involved in many common diseases, such as hemorrhoid, anorectal abscess, anal fistula, pilonidal sinus disease, and rectal cancer etc.ConclusionFrom a synthetic and practical point of view, these “hands” teaching methods would assist the surgeons in having a better understanding of various anorectal operations. Surgeons could use these “hands” teaching methods anytime, even during surgery.
Effect of short carbon fiber content on strength and toughness of Al2O3–C refractories
Authors: Wang Yulong , Wang Zhoufu , Wang Xitang , Liu Hao , Ma Yan , Jiang Pengcheng , Dong Yunjie , Niu Jiwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShort carbon fiber is a promising candidate for reinforcing carbon‐containing refractories at the macro scale due to its excellent high‐temperature stability and mechanical properties. In this work, the microstructure evolution of short carbon fiber and the effect of its addition on the properties of Al2O3–C refractories are investigated. The results show that adding short carbon fiber could affect the distribution of in situ ceramic phases, combined with the cross‐scale reinforcement effect, leading to high strength—the CMOR of short carbon fiber containing refractories could be 23.0% higher than the free ones, while the HMOR could be 22.0% higher. Furthermore, the results suggest that the short carbon fiber containing refractories treated at 1400°C possesses high resistance to the initiation of crack propagation, which could be attributed to the high bonding strength brought by carbon fiber. Noteworthy, adding short carbon fiber could improve thermal shock resistance. The short carbon fiber containing refractories treated at 1300°C could possess a higher residual strength ratio than free ones. For instance, the specimen containing 0.1 wt% short carbon fiber shows the highest residual strength ratio (87.7%).
The interacting effect of prolonged darkness and temperature on photophysiological characteristics of three Antarctic phytoplankton species
Authors: van de Poll Willem H. , Abi Nassif Talia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotophysiological characteristics of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton species Phaeocystis antarctica, Geminigera cryophila, and Chaetoceros simplex were assessed during 7 weeks of darkness and subsequent recovery after darkness at 4 and 7°C. Chlorophyll a fluorescence and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII decreased during long darkness in a species‐specific manner, whereas chlorophyll a concentration remained mostly unchanged. Phaeocystis antarctica showed the strongest decline in photosynthetic fitness during darkness, which coincided with a reduced capacity to recover after darkness, suggesting a loss of functional photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers. The diatom C. simplex at 4°C showed the strongest capacity to resume photosynthesis and active growth during 7 weeks of darkness. In all species, the maintenance of photosynthetic fitness during darkness was clearly temperature dependent as shown by the stronger decline of photosynthetic fitness at 7°C compared to 4°C. Although we lack direct evidence for this, we suggest that temperature‐enhanced respiration rates cause stronger depletion of energy reserves that subsequently interferes with the maintenance of photosynthetic fitness during long darkness. Therefore, the current low temperatures in the coastal Southern Ocean may aid the maintenance of photosynthetic fitness during the austral winter. Further experiments should examine to what extent the species‐specific differences in dark survival are relevant for future temperature scenarios for the coastal Southern Ocean.
Altruistic behavior and soccer: the effect of incidental happiness on charitable giving
Authors: Hubers Frank , Webbink Dinand 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of incidental happiness associated with the outcome of the Dutch national soccer championship on charitable giving shortly after the decisive match. We use survey data in which participants were asked to make an anonymous donation of an earned endowment. For estimating the causal effect of happiness on charitable giving, we exploit the variation in the emotions of fans between and within teams using two complementary empirical approaches. The first approach is based on the preference of fans for local teams. We find that individuals living closer to the city of the new champions (Amsterdam) are happier and also more likely to donate to charity than individuals living further away. Importantly, distance to Amsterdam does not affect charitable giving in a placebo sample of individuals with no interest in soccer. The second approach exploits variation between different types of fans within teams. Allegiant fans, individuals who attended a match, are happier and more likely to donate to charity than “stay‐at‐home” fans when their team wins the title. Allegiant fans are less happy and less likely to donate than stay‐at‐home fans when their team does not win the title. Instrumental variable estimates suggest a large effect of incidental happiness on charitable giving.
A sharpened energy‐Strichartz inequality for the wave equation
Authors: Negro Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider the sharp Strichartz estimate for the wave equation on in the energy space, due to Bez and Rogers. We show that it can be refined by adding a term proportional to the distance from the set of maximizers, in the spirit of the classical sharpened Sobolev estimate of Bianchi and Egnell.
The Behavior of Vertical Axis Water Turbine With Flexible Blades: Self-Start, Ventilation, and Cavitation
Authors: Foust Emine Celik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Three-bladed Darrieus-type vertical axis water turbine is a promising solution for producing electricity with minimal impact on the environment. Although considered a viable option, straight-bladed Darriues-type turbines have not been used commonly due to various operational issues; self-start and stall at low water speeds while ventilation and cavitation are limiting at high water speeds. In this study, the use of flexible blades with an aspect ratio of 2.21 is investigated at water velocities of 0.34, 0.51, 0.68, and 0.85 m/s experimentally. A stiffer turbine that has an 85–95 Shore A hardness blade starts to rotate at 0.51 m/s flow velocity. The more flexible turbine that has a 75–85 Shore A hardness blade starts to rotate at lower water velocities and experiences low rotational speeds resulting in an improved self-start. However, low rotation speed will cause a reduction in the coefficient of performance (Cp). High-speed imaging of the flow field also shows that a low tip speed ratio (TSR) helps to prevent the occurrence of ventilation and cavitation for the turbine with 75–85 Shore A hardness blades.
A Model to Predict Deflection of an Active Tendon-Driven Notched Needle Inside Soft Tissue
Authors: Padasdao Blayton , Konh Bardia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The last decade has witnessed major progress in the field of minimally invasive and robotic-assisted surgeries. Needle insertion, a minimally invasive technique, has proven its efficacy in procedures such as brachytherapy, ablation, drug delivery, and biopsy. Manual needle steering inside tissue is a challenging task due to complex needle-tissue interactions, needle and tissue movement, lack of actuation and control, as well as poor sensing and visualization. Recently, active tendon-driven notched needles, and robotic manipulation systems have been proposed to assist surgeons to guide the needles in desired trajectories toward target positions. This work introduces a new deflection model for the active tendon-driven notched needle steering inside soft tissue for intention to use in model-based robotic control. The model is developed to predict needle deflection in a single-layer tissue. To validate the proposed deflection model, five sets of needle insertion experiments with a bevel-tipped active needle into single-layer phantom tissues were performed. A real-time robot-assisted ultrasound tracking method was used to track the needle tip during needle insertion. It was shown that the model predicts needle deflection with an average error of 0.58 ± 0.14 mm for the bevel-tipped active needle insertion into a single-layer phantom tissue.
Physical Activity Promotion on Private School Websites: The Case of Maryland
Authors: Kahan David , McKenzie Thomas L. , Satnick Maya , Hansen Olivia 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Content analysis of school websites may reveal the degree to which schools value physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA). We used the approach to quantify Maryland’s private school websites’ PE/PA content and associations with school characteristics. Method: The analytic sample (n = 387) was examined for mention of PE-/PA-related content (e.g., curriculum, dosage, intramurals). Associations between content and school characteristics (e.g., grade levels offered, religious orientation) were examined using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results: PE (∼75% of school websites) was mentioned most frequently, and PA images and PE curriculum (∼30% each) were mentioned least frequently. Elementary and Catholic school websites were proportionately less and more likely, respectively, to mention various PE/PA content. Discussion/Conclusion: Representation of PE/PA content among Maryland’s private schools surpassed that found in previous studies. Nonetheless, relative omission of some content may allude to PE/PA being less valued compared with other academic subjects. Follow-up with stakeholders may help elucidate factors that influence content gatekeeping.