bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding VNIR Plagioclase Signatures on Mars Through Petrographic, Geochemical, and Spectral Characterization of Terrestrial Feldspar‐Bearing Igneous Rocks
Authors: Barthez M. , Flahaut J. , Guitreau M. , Ito G. , Pik R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlagioclase feldspar is a common mineral in terrestrial rocks and has recently been detected on Mars surface with visible near‐infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy. The presence of plagioclase using this method is determined through the identification of an absorption band centered around 1.3 μm on reflectance spectra, which requires the incorporation of Fe2+ in plagioclase lattice. Previous laboratory studies of powder mixtures showed that plagioclase should only be detectable if present in amounts >90% as its absorption band can be masked by those of mafic minerals. Plagioclase composition, but also the size of the grains and the associated minerals in a rock, influence the spectral signature of plagioclase feldspars. Thus, the analysis of whole, uncrushed rocks appears to be relevant for comparisons with Mars remote sensing observations that have shown plagioclase‐like signatures. In the present work, we performed laboratory measurements on five feldspar‐bearing terrestrial rocks of various nature chosen because they reflect the first order terrestrial magmatic variability. The mineralogical composition of these samples, the chemical composition of feldspar crystals, and total rock spectra as well as spectra of each mineral were determined using microscopy, electron microprobe, and VNIR spectroscopy. Our study shows that plagioclase signature is visible on the spectra of macroscopic rocks containing between 30% and 80% plagioclase of different compositions (An25‐An67). Our findings have strong implications for the interpretation of feldspar signatures on Mars, which can belong to a range of feldspar‐bearing rocks and could thus provide information about the formation of Mars' crust.
Benign esophageal stricture model construction and mechanism exploration
Authors: Wu Rui , Fu Min , Tao Hui-Min , Dong Tao , Fan Wen-Tao , Zhao Li-Li , Fan Zhi-Ning , Liu Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEsophageal stricture is a debilitating condition that negatively impacts patients' quality of life after undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Despite its significance, this disease remains underexplored due to the lack of a stable animal model. Under direct visualization with choledochoscopy, we retrogradely damaged the esophageal mucosal layer through the gastrostomy to create a rat model of esophageal stricture. The development of histological defects in the mucosal layer was assessed over a 2-week period after model induction. Then the models were evaluated using X-ray barium radiography, Hematoxylin–Eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Sirius red, and Victoria blue staining, multiphoton microscopic imaging. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of esophageal stricture were explored by conducting RNA transcriptome sequencing, PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. We successfully established fifteen rat models of esophageal stricture by injuring the mucosal layer. In the model group, the mucosal defect initially occurs and subsequently repaired. The epithelium was absent and was plastically remodeled by collagen during the acute inflammatory phase (Day 1), proliferation phase (Day 7), anaphase of proliferation (Day 10), and plastic remodeling phase (Day 14). We observed increased expression of COL1A1, acta2, FGF, IL-1, and TGF-β1 pathway in the model group. We established a highly repeatable rat model of esophageal stricture, and our results suggest that the mucosal defect of the esophagus is a critical factor in esophageal stricture development, rather than damage to the muscularis layer. We identified Atp4b, cyp1a2, and gstk1 as potential targets for treating esophageal stricture, while the TGF-β pathway was found to play an important role in its development.
Quasars as standard candles
Authors: Signorini Matilde , Risaliti Guido , Lusso Elisabeta , Nardini Emanuele , Bargiacchi Giada , Sacchi Andrea , Trefoloni Bartolomeo 
Published: July 2023

Context. A non-linear relation between quasar monochromatic luminosities at 2500 Å and 2 keV holds at all observed redshifts and luminosities, and it has been used to derive quasar distances and to build a Hubble diagram of quasars. The choice of the X-ray and UV indicators has so far been somewhat arbitrary and has typically relied on photometric data.
Aims. We aim to determine the X-ray and UV proxies that provide the smallest dispersion of the relation in order to obtain more precise distance estimates and to confirm the reliability of the X-ray-to-UV relation as a distance indicator.
Methods. We performed a complete UV spectroscopic analysis of a sample of ∼1800 quasars with SDSS optical spectra and XMM-Newton X-ray serendipitous observations. In the X-rays, we analysed the spectra of all the sample objects at redshift z > 1.9, while we relied on photometric measurements at lower redshifts. As done in previous studies, we analysed the relation in small redshift bins, using fluxes instead of luminosities.
Results. We show that the monochromatic fluxes at 1 keV and 2500 Å are, respectively, the best X-ray and UV continuum indicators among those that are typically available. We also find a tight relation between soft X-ray and Mg IIλ2800 Å line fluxes, and a marginal dependence of the X-ray-to-UV relation on the width of the Mg II line.
Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that the physical quantities that are more tightly linked to one another are the soft X-ray flux at ∼1 keV and the ionising UV flux blueward of the Lyman limit. However, the ‘usual’ monochromatic fluxes at 2 keV and 2500 Å estimated from photometric data provide an almost as tight X-ray-to-UV relation, and can be used to derive quasar distances. The Hubble diagram obtained using spectroscopic indicators is fully consistent with the one presented in previous papers, based on photometric data.
Schlafstörungen bei Patienten mit chronischem Tinnitus
Authors: Hildebrandt Julia , Koehler Ulrich , Conradt Regina , Hildebrandt Olaf , Cassel Werner , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Viniol Christian 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungTinnitus hat in Deutschland eine Lebenszeitprävalenz von 25%. Eine häufige Komorbidität bei einem chronischen Verlauf sind Schlafstörungen. Die Ziele dieser Studie waren es, Schlafstörungen zu detektieren und mögliche Zusammenhänge mit Tinnitusparametern aufzuzeigen.Es wurden 50 Patienten mit chronischem Tinnitus rekrutiert. Die Patienten hatten eine Audiometrie, eine nächtliche Polysomnografie und füllten standardisierte Fragebögen zum Tinnitus- und Schlafverhalten aus.Daten lagen bei 30 Männern und 9 Frauen (Alter 50,2±11 J, BMI 28,8±4,4kg/m²) vor. Der Median der Tinnitusdauer lag bei 36 (9; 120) Monaten, der Schweregrad bei 2,00 (1,00; 3,00). Der Mittelwert des Tinnitus-Fragebogens (TF) war 43,6±17,1, der Epworth-Sleepiness-Score (ESS) betrug 8,41±4,27, der Pittsburgh-Schlafqualitätsindex (PSQI) ergab 9,21±4,32 und die Screening-Skala zum chronischen Stress (SSCS) lag bei 58,13±9,58.Somnologische Diagnosen waren 18 Insomnien, 4 RLS und 11 OSA. Der Schweregrad des Tinnitus, der Gesamtscore im PSQI und das Körpergewicht waren bei Patienten mit somnologischer Komorbidität höher als bei Schlafgesunden. Je schlechter die Schlafqualität, desto höher der Tinnitusschweregrad (p=0,038) und desto störender wurde der Tinnitus (p=0,03) bewertet. Patienten mit subjektiv sehr störendem Tinnitus bewerteten den chronischem Stress-Score höher. Die Tinnitusdauer war mit dem OSA-Schweregrad korreliert (p=0,026)Mehr als 2 Drittel aller Tinnituspatienten zeigten eine schlafmedizinische Komorbidität. Ein somnologisches Screening erscheint daher bei einem erhöhten Tinnitusschweregrad sinnvoll. Ob eine CPAP-Therapie bei der Reduktion von Tinnitussymptomen hilfreich ist, konnte nicht abschließend geklärt werden, verdient aber weitere Aufmerksamkeit.
Examining novice writers’ perceptions of formality
Authors: Larsson Tove , Kaatari Henrik , Dixon Tülay , Egbert Jesse 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdherence to standards pertaining to formality remains important for novice academic writers wishing to write within the scientific community. However, due to its elusive nature, it may not be clear what “formal” really means. This study investigates what affects novice writers’ perceptions of formality; specifically, it looks at the individual and combined impact of register (journal articles vs. academic blog posts) and linguistic features with two variants (e.g., split vs. non-split infinitives). The writers (n = 117) were presented with a series of binary choices between register-feature combinations and asked to select the most formal combination. This resulted in a rank-ordered list showing which combinations they perceived as more formal.The results showed that the novice writers’ perceptions largely aligned with the expected rankings, in that journal articles and the feature variant associated with this register tended to be perceived as more formal than the alternative. These trends were especially strong for two of the features investigated: exclamation points and contractions. In bringing us one step closer to understanding how novice writers think about formality, this study helps shed some light on the commonly used, but less commonly defined, concept of formality.
Effects of implementing a problem-solving template in introductory physics courses
Authors: Maxutov Samat , Balta Nuri , Abdulbakioglu Mustafa , Burkholder Eric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many introductory physics textbooks include problem-solving templates that are intended to assist students in solving complex physics problems. Despite the widespread use of such templates, there is little evidence as to their effectiveness. In this study, we investigated the effects of using a research-based problem-solving template in three physics courses at a university in Kazakhstan. We generally found that students who were taught using the problem-solving template performed significantly better than students in a control group on midterm examinations. However, we saw no difference between the control and template groups on the final examinations or post-test. We saw significant uptake (60%–80%) of the template components when we analysed homework solutions from the template group and found that student attitudes toward the template were generally positive. Interestingly, we did not find substantial correlations between course performance and the degree to which students used the template on their assignments. Overall, the results are somewhat inconclusive as to the effectiveness of research-based problem-solving templates in traditional physics classrooms because of the limited sample size, unique institutional context, and mixed results from the analysis. This indicates a need for more robust and continued research in the area of problem-solving templates.
Automatic detection of wire bonding defects in microwave components using multi-stage hybrid methods based on deep learning
Authors: Pan Wenjie , Tang Tang , Chen Ming , Mo Fan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wire bonding is one of the main processes in micro-assembly, as its quality directly affects the reliability of microwave components and their operating characteristics. Therefore, it is important to detect defects in wire bonding. Due to the diversity of chips, connections, and circuit substrates, the wire bonding regions vary greatly. Using image processing methods exclusively requires expert knowledge, and the solution lacks versatility. Meanwhile, in highly complex industrial scenarios, relying on end-to-end deep learning method alone cannot accomplish the task constrained by data volume and task difficulty. Therefore, we propose a three-stage wire bonding defect detection method that integrates deep learning with traditional image processing methods for the detection of complex wire bonding defects. In order to address the defect detection of more types of complex bonding images, we divide them into four categories and complete the detection step by step. In the first two stages, semantic segmentation and image processing methods are used in turn to complete the extraction of the region of interest, and in the third stage, we propose a defect recognition model based on Siamese network with a new feature fusion structure to enhance feature learning. Experiments show that the proposed three-stage method, which combines deep learning and image processing, can effectively detect wire bonding defects and is suitable for handling highly complex engineering tasks with greater efficiency and intelligence.
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis using dimension expansion and AntisymNet lightweight convolutional neural network
Authors: Luo Zhiyong , Peng Yueyue , Dong Xin , Qian Hao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Deep learning-based methods have made remarkable progress in the field of fault diagnosis for rotating machinery. However, convolutional neural networks are not suitable for industrial applications due to their large model size and high computational complexity. To address this limitation, this paper proposes the Antisym module and constructs AntisymNet, which is combined with dimension expansion algorithms for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. To begin with, the original vibration signal of the rolling machinery is subjected to time-frequency transformations using the discrete Fourier transform and discrete wavelet transform. Subsequently, each transformed time-frequency signal is expanded in dimensions, resulting in two-dimensional matrix single channel images. These single channel images are then fused into RGB images to enhance the sample features. Finally, the proposed AntisymNet is utilized for recognizing and classifying the expanded signals. To evaluate the performance of AntisymNet, the MiniImageNet image dataset is employed as a benchmark, and a comparison is made with other state-of-the-art lightweight convolutional neural networks. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis model is validated using the CWRU bearing dataset, Ottawa bearing dataset, and the hob dataset. The model achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 99.70% in the CWRU dataset, 99.26% in the Ottawa dataset, and an error rate of only 0.66% in the hob dataset. These results demonstrate the strong performance of the proposed fault diagnosis model.
Finite-time sliding mode control methods for a class of non-integer-order systems with input saturations and its application
Authors: Dosti Marzieh , Matinfar Mashalla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractControl and synchronization of chaotic dynamical systems is a key issue in engineering that has numerous applications in the applied sciences. In this research, single input finite-time sliding mode (FTSMC) control algorithms are developed to synchronize and stabilize a class of three-dimensional non-integer order systems where input saturation is present. Using the non-integer version of the Lyapunov stability theory (LST) and the dynamic-free idea, techniques are devised to suppress the improper behavior of the aforementioned fractional-order (FO) chaotic systems without unpleasant chattering phenomena. The proposed FTSMC approach can be utilized to stabilize and synchronize systems that include model uncertainty, external disturbances, and input saturation. The developed single input techniques have the benefits of being model-free, robust to uncertainty, user-friendly, and establishing equilibrium in a finite amount of time. In addition, the efficacy and applicability of the FTSMC approaches are shown by synchronizing two different industrial FO chaotic systems and chaos suppressing of the PMSM chaotic system utilizing these methods.
Theoretical study of small signal modulation behavior of Fabry-Perot germanium-on-silicon lasers
Authors: Zhu Ying , Wang Liming , Li Zhiqiang , Wen Ruitao , Xia Guangrui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work investigated the modulation responses of Fabry–Perot Ge-on-Si lasers by modeling and simulations. The 3 dB bandwidth dependence on the structure parameters such as poly-Si cladding thickness, Ge cavity width and thickness, and minority carrier lifetime were studied. A 3 dB bandwidth of 33.94 GHz at a biasing current of 270.5 mA is predicted after Ge laser structure optimization with a defect limited carrier lifetime of 1 ns. The eye diagrams simulated show a stable eye-opening window at 20 Gb·s−1 NRZ. The improvement to 10 ns minority carrier lifetime would reduce the threshold current to 6.85 mA, and increase the 3 dB bandwidth to 36.89 GHz.
Numerical analysis of pulsed extraction of ions from a 16-Pole / 16-Wire ion trap for time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Pattathadathil Nandana , Sunil Kumar S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multipole radiofrequency ion traps are versatile tools for trapping and manipulating ions. The extraction of ions from such a trap leads to broad time-of-flight (ToF) distributions, which make it incompatible with ToF mass spectrometry. In this work, we conducted numerical simulations of biomolecular ions stored in 16-pole and 16-wire ion traps to analyze their extraction characteristics. We show that the ions extracted from a wire trap with a simple upgrade exhibit ToF distributions two orders of magnitude narrower than that typically results from conventional ion traps. Further, in the upgraded design, the ions can be confined within a much narrower region, which, together with higher optical access of the wire trap configuration, makes it compatible with fluorescence spectroscopy measurements.
Exotic quantum states in multilayer phosphorene nanoribbons in electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Arsoski Vladimir V , Tadić Milan Ž 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using the tight-binding method, we modeled the energy spectra of multilayer phosphorene nanoribbons in a perpendicular electric field and in-plane magnetic field. Phosphorene nanosheets have a highly anisotropic honeycomb-like lattice. Their band gap is wider than that of their bulk counterparts, and armchair and zigzag edges of either skewed or regular type terminate the nanowire edges. Zigzag and various skewed edges support states whose wave functions decay exponentially from an edge. These states are virtually dispersionless and split the band gap. In principle, regular armchair edges do not host edge states. Thus, the energy spectrum in this case has a wide band gap. Here, we consider nanoribbons composed of multilayer phosphorene with regular armchair edges. A wide direct energy band gap exists when external fields are absent, but its width decreases when a perpendicular electric field is applied. The Dirac-like cones cross-section emerges at the zone center for a particular field value, named the lowest critical field. Although spin–orbit coupling was not included in the model, there is a small gap at the anticrossing site. The local density of states shows that the conduction- and valence-band states near the anticrossing are localized on the top and bottom surfaces of the nanoribbon. A thorough analysis of the interlayer coupling integrals indicates that for sufficiently thin phosphorene slabs, the electron and hole states at the opposite sides of the slab couple mutually strongly, despite the tendency of an external electric field to separate them. A further increase in the electric field induces an inversion between the conduction and valence band states in the zone center, which is inherent to topological insulators. However, sharp anticrossings at the zone center emerged for certain higher field values, named higher critical fields. Furthermore, when an in-plane magnetic field is applied, the conduction and valence band states shift, causing the dispersion to twist around the center of the k-space. Therefore, the band gap is indirect and closes for a sufficiently large magnetic field. A similar effect is observed in quantum spin Hall insulators, in which an in-plane magnetic field induces a semiconductor-to-semimetal transition. We conclude that the band inversion and topological-like features induced by external fields can be attributed to the strong interlayer coupling inherent to multilayered materials with anisotropic honeycomb lattices.
Linear analysis of whistler mode instability in anisotropic q-nonextensive distributed plasmas: a numerical approach
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , ur Rehman Aman , Ahmad Mushtaq , Shahzad Muhammad Ahsan , Sarfraz Muhammad , Mahmood Shahzad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to the occurrence of nonextensive particle distributions in different space plasma environments, an analytical and numerical studies of electron temperature anisotropy-driven whistler instability (WI) in the nonextensive magnetized plasma are performed within the framework of kinetic theory for both superextensive (q< 1) and subextensive (q> 1) cases. By taking the nonextensive character of electrons into account (distinguished to nearly all existing studies), the dispersion relation for WI is derived and solved numerically to examine the characteristics of growth rate against the allowed domain of wave number. The effect of various physical parameters such as electron plasma betaβ∥e(q)=25q−3β∥e(M), temperature anisotropy (Λe), and nonextensivity (q) on the growth rate and frequency of whistler mode are investigated. The growth rate of WI displays a significant dependence on these parameters, i.e. the growth rate increases by taking smaller values of nonextensive parameterqand for the large initial electron plasma beta and temperature anisotropy magnitudes. It is observed that the variation in the frequency of whistler mode is more sensitive to the temperature anisotropy (Λe) compared with other physical parameters, i.e. plasma beta and nonextensivity. The present findings also validate the large impact of electron temperature anisotropy on altering the dispersion properties of whistler mode. A detailed comparison of parametric dependence of the growth rate of WI for both superextensive and subextensive plasmas is also presented. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of whistler mode instability in anisotropicq-nonextensive and bi-Maxwellian plasmas is also the part of our present findings.
Ghost free theory in unitary gauge: a new candidate
Authors: Joshi Pawan , Panda Sukanta , Vidyarthi Archit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose an algebraic analysis using a 3+1 decomposition to identify conditions for a clever cancellation of the higher derivatives, which plagued the theory with Ostrogradsky ghosts, by exploiting some existing degeneracy in the Lagrangian. We obtain these conditions as linear equations (in terms of coefficients of the higher derivative terms) and demand that they vanish, such that the existence of nontrivial solutions implies that the theory is degenerate. We find that, for the theory under consideration, no such solutions exist for a general inhomogeneous scalar field, but that the theory is degenerate in the unitary gauge. We, then, find modified FLRW equations and narrow down conditions for which there could exist a de Sitter inflationary epoch. We further find constraints on the coefficients of the remaining higher-derivative interaction terms, based on power-counting renormalizability and tree-level unitarity up to the Planck scale.