bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and recurrence patterns of high‐intermediate‐risk and high‐risk early‐stage endometrial cancer treated with postoperative intracavitary brachytherapy
Authors: Yan Zihan , Ren Kang , Wang Wenhui , Hu Ke , Hou Xiaorong , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical outcomes and recurrence patterns of high‐intermediate‐risk (HIR)‐ and high‐risk (HR) early‐stage endometrial cancer (EC) treated with postoperative intracavitary brachytherapy alone.MethodsWe included 152 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I‐II endometrial cancer with HIR and HR factors who received vaginal brachytherapy alone after surgery in our center between April 2008 and December 2017. The irradiation area was the top and upper halves of the vagina. The reference point was defined as 0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa. The radiation dose was 25–30 Gy 5–6 times. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate; differences were assessed using the log‐rank test, and univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses were performed using the Cox regression model.ResultThe median follow‐up was 49.2 months (range 3–132 months). The 5‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional failure‐free survival time (LRFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) rates were 93.2%, 83.4%, 87.9%, and 86.6%, respectively. Treatment failure occurred in 18 patients, locoregional recurrence in 11, and distant metastasis in 14 (four with locoregional recurrence). Distant metastasis is the main recurrence pattern in patients at HIR and HR. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that age was an independent prognostic factor for OS, DFS, DMFS, and LRFS.ConclusionThe main recurrence pattern after adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy alone was distant metastasis in patients with HIR and HR early‐stage EC. Age at onset was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Vaginal brachytherapy alone is an acceptable treatment option for patients with HIR and HR early‐stage endometrial cancer.
Extreme warm events in the South Orkney Islands, Southern Ocean: Compounding influence of atmospheric rivers and föhn conditions
Authors: Lu Hua , Orr Andrew , King John , Phillips Tony , Gilbert Ella , Colwell Steve , Bracegirdle Thomas J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtreme warm events in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs) are investigated using synoptic observations from Signy and Orcadas stations for 1947–1994 and 1956–2019 respectively. Defining the extremes as temperatures exceeding the 95th percentile of the temperature distribution, we reveal the characteristics and associated drivers of the warm events, especially the top 10 events in both summer and winter. At both stations, extreme warm events often involve a combined effect of atmospheric rivers (ARs) and localised föhn warming, with distinct characteristics due to the station locations relative to Coronation Island, the largest and highest island of the SOIs. For example, warm events at Signy are warmer (by an average of around 3°C) than the corresponding concurrent temperatures at Orcadas. The number of warm events per year has significantly increased over the record periods at both stations, which could potentially impact ecosystems by increasing melting of snow and ice. Extreme warm events at Signy are dominated by föhn warming in combination with ARs originating from the Southern Atlantic Ocean, where warm, moisture‐rich air is rapidly advected towards the islands by enhanced northerly winds. By contrast, the Orcadas warm extremes involve both warm‐air advection and föhn warming associated with enhanced northwesterlies/westerlies with ARs originating in the Pacific Ocean that travel across the Drake Passage. Simulation of one of the top 10 warm events for Signy station using a 1‐km grid spacing configuration of the atmosphere‐only UK Met Office Unified Model is used to disentangle the role of local versus large‐scale forcing. We find that the majority of the warming can be attributed to föhn effects for the case study. These results demonstrate the complexity of Antarctic temperature extremes.
Do financial market frictions hurt the performance of women‐led ventures? A meta‐analytic investigation
Authors: Ross David Gaddis , Shin Dong Hyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryExtant research offers conflicting views about the size and nature of gender‐related disparities in venture financing and venture performance. We theorize that gender‐related frictions in debt financing, the most common source of capital for new ventures, materially impair the performance of women‐led ventures but that these frictions decline with financial development. We find strong support for these predictions in a meta‐analysis of 63 primary studies in which we use financial development to instrument for the impact of gender‐related financial frictions on venture performance; in fact, in the absence of gender‐related financial frictions, ventures led by women would modestly outperform ventures led by men. We also find that gender‐related financial frictions are greater for access to, than the terms of, debt financing.Managerial SummaryWe use meta‐analysis to offer a quantitative synthesis of the research on gender, venture finance, and venture performance. We find evidence that women encounter gender‐related frictions in obtaining debt financing for their ventures, materially impairing their ventures' performance. In fact, in the absence of these frictions, ventures led by women would modestly outperform ventures led by men. We also find that gender‐related frictions in venture finance are greater for access to, than the terms of, debt financing and that these frictions tend to be stronger in countries with less developed financial institutions and markets.
Unraveling the Electron Transfer Effect of Single‐Metal Ce‐N4 Sites via Mesopore‐Coupling for Boosted Oxygen Reduction Activity
Authors: Liu Jianping , Guo Chaozhong , Sun Lingtao , Liu Yao , Chen Hongdian , Shu Chenyang , Dai Jiangyou , Xu Chuanlan , Jin Rong , Li Honglin , Si Yujun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of cerium (Ce) single‐atom (SA) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high active‐site utilization and intrinsic activity has become popular recently but remains challenging. Inspired by an interesting phenomenon that pore‐coupling with single‐metal cerium sites can accelerate the electron transfer predicted by density functional theory calculations, here, a facile strategy is reported for directional design of a highly active and stable Ce SA catalyst (Ce SA/MC) by the coupling of single‐metal Ce‐N4 sites and mesopores in nanocarbon via pore‐confinement‐pyrolysis of Ce/phenanthroline complexes combined with controlling the formation of Ce oxides. This catalyst delivers a comparable ORR catalytic activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.845 V versus RHE to the Pt/C catalyst. Also, a Ce SA/MC‐based zinc–air battery (ZAB) has exhibited a higher energy density (924 Wh kgZn−1) and better long‐term cycling durability than a Pt/C‐based ZAB. This proposed strategy may open a door for designing efficient rare‐earth metal catalysts with single‐metal sites coupling with porous structures for next‐generation energy devices.
High‐Valence Metal Doping Induced Lattice Expansion for M‐FeNi LDH toward Enhanced Urea Oxidation Electrocatalytic Activities
Authors: Huo Jia‐Min , Wang Ying , Xue Jiang‐Nan , Yuan Wen‐Yu , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Hu Man‐Cheng , Li Shu‐Ni , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe precise design of low‐cost, efficient, and definite electrocatalysts is the key to sustainable renewable energy. The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction for energy‐saving hydrogen generation. In this study, by tuning the lattice expansion, a series of M‐FeNi layered double hydroxides (M‐FeNi LDHs, M: Mo, Mn, V) with excellent UOR performance are synthesized. The hydrolytic transformation of Fe‐MIL‐88A is assisted by urea, Ni2+ and high‐valence metals, to form a hollow M‐FeNi LDH. Owing to the large atomic radius of the high‐valence metal, lattice expansion is induced, and the electronic structure of the FeNi‐LDH is regulated. Doping with high‐valence metal is more favorable for the formation of the high‐valence active species, NiOOH, for the UOR. Moreover, the hollow spindle structure promoted mass transport. Thus, the optimal Mo‐FeNi LDH showed outstanding UOR electrocatalytic activity, with 1.32 V at 10 mA cm−2. Remarkably, the Pt/C||Mo‐FeNi LDH catalyst required a cell voltage of 1.38 V at 10 mA·cm−2 in urea‐assisted water electrolysis. This study suggests a new direction for constructing nanostructures and modulating electronic structures, which is expected to ultimately lead to the development of a class of auxiliary electrocatalysts.
High Accuracy Protein Identification: Fusion of Solid‐State Nanopore Sensing and Machine Learning
Authors: Dutt Shankar , Shao Hancheng , Karawdeniya Buddini , Bandara Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. , Daskalaki Elena , Suominen Hanna , Kluth Patrick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProteins are arguably one of the most important class of biomarkers for health diagnostic purposes. Label‐free solid‐state nanopore sensing is a versatile technique for sensing and analyzing biomolecules such as proteins at single‐molecule level. While molecular‐level information on size, shape, and charge of proteins can be assessed by nanopores, the identification of proteins with comparable sizes remains a challenge. Here, solid‐state nanopore sensing is combined with machine learning to address this challenge. The translocations of four similarly sized proteins is assessed using amplifiers with bandwidths (BWs) of 100 kHz and 10 MHz, the highest bandwidth reported for protein sensing, using nanopores fabricated in <10 nm thick silicon nitride membranes. F‐values of up to 65.9% and 83.2% (without clustering of the protein signals) are achieved with 100 kHz and 10 MHz BW measurements, respectively, for identification of the four proteins. The accuracy of protein identification is further enhanced by classifying the signals into different clusters based on signal attributes, with F‐value and specificity of up to 88.7% and 96.4%, respectively, for combinations of four proteins. The combined use of high bandwidth instruments, advanced clustering and machine learning methods allows label‐free identification of proteins with high accuracy.
Recent advances of carbon nanotubes in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hu Xian‐Gang , Lin Zhenhua , Ding Liming , Chang Jingjing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exhibited tremendous potential in photovoltaic fields owing to their appreciable performance and simple fabrication. Nevertheless, device performances are still required to be further improved before commercial applications. As one‐dimensional materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been utilized to regulate stability and efficiency of PSCs because of their excellent chemical stability, flexibility, as well as tunable optical and electrical characteristics. In this review, we comprehensively summarize various functions of CNTs in PSCs, such as transparent electrodes, hole/electron‐transport layers, counter electrodes, perovskite additives, and interlayers. Additionally, applications of CNTs toward the advancement of flexible and semitransparent PSCs are provided. Finally, we preview the challenges and research interests of using CNTs in high‐efficiency and stable perovskite devices.
Unique prenatal manifestations of biallelic NDUFAF5 variants: expansion of phenotype
Authors: Brabbing‐Goldstein D. , Kozlova D. , Bazak L. , Basel‐Salmon L. , Gilboa Y. , Marciano‐Levi I. , Zahra J. , Kanengisser‐Pines B. , Botvinik A. , Kurolap A. , Birnbaum R. , Yaron Y. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveMitochondrial complex‐I deficiency, nuclear type 16, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in NDUFAF5 (C20orf7) (OMIM 618238). The aim of this study was to describe a severe early prenatal manifestation of this disorder, which was previously considered to occur only postnatally.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective case series including five fetuses from three non‐related families, which shared common sonographic abnormalities, including brain cysts, corpus callosal malformations, non‐immune hydrops fetalis and growth restriction. Genetic evaluation included chromosomal microarray analysis and exome sequencing. Two fetuses from the same family were also available for pathology examination, including electron microscopy.ResultsChromosomal microarray analysis revealed no chromosomal abnormality in any of the tested cases. Trio exome sequencing demonstrated that three affected fetuses from three unrelated families were compound heterozygous or homozygous for likely pathogenic variants in NDUFAF5. No other causative variants were detected. The association between NDUFAF5 variants and fetal malformations was further confirmed by segregation analysis. Histological evaluation of fetal tissues and electron microscopy of the skeletal muscle, liver, proximal tubules and heart demonstrated changes that resembled postmortem findings in patients with mitochondrial depletion disorders as well as previously undescribed findings.ConclusionsMitochondrial complex‐I deficiency and specifically biallelic mutations in NDUFAF5 have a role in abnormal fetal development, presenting with severe congenital malformations. Mitochondrial complex‐I disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of corpus callosal malformations and brain cysts, especially when associated with extracranial abnormalities, such as fetal growth restriction and non‐immune hydrops fetalis. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Hydrological modeling of the Silala River basin. 1. Model development and long‐term groundwater recharge assessment
Authors: Yáñez‐Morroni Gonzalo , Suárez Francisco , Muñoz José F. , Lagos Magdalena Sofía 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Silala is a small river, originating in the Andean Altiplano, which flows from Bolivia into Chile. Prior to a legal dispute between Chile and Bolivia over the status and use of the waters of the Silala, few hydrological studies had been performed in the basin. Further insights were required to better understand the surface‐water and groundwater discharges from Bolivia to Chile, and the effects of historical channelization of the Bolivian wetlands on these flows. A semi‐distributed hydrological model was therefore developed to estimate the discharges from the basin and provide recharge inputs to a groundwater model used to investigate the effects of channelization. Long‐term temperature and precipitation data were available for 1969–1992, while more detailed data were available for 2018–2019. 1969–1992 was selected as a suitable length of record for long‐term groundwater recharge estimation, and the recent data were reserved for model validation, reported in a companion paper. Prior model parameter ranges were identified based on field observations and scientific literature, and sampling of both input and parameter uncertainty allowed determination of representative, lower and upper groundwater recharge scenarios. Results show strong inter‐annual and seasonal variability, the largest groundwater recharge being observed during the Austral summer. A representative groundwater recharge rate of 39.5 mm/year was obtained for the basin to the international border, with feasible lower and upper bounds of 34.9 and 50.2 mm/year, respectively. This lies within the range of 21–51 mm/year estimated by Bolivia for 1969–2017, albeit higher than their best estimate (24 mm/year).This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Imprinted small nucleolar RNAs: Missing link in development and disease?
Authors: Gawade Kishor , Raczynska Katarzyna D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe 14q32.2 (DLK1‐DIO3) and 15q11‐q13 (SNURF‐SNRPN) imprinted gene loci harbor the largest known small nucleolar RNA clusters expressed from the respective maternal and paternal alleles. Recent studies have demonstrated significant roles for the 15q11‐q13 located SNORD115‐SNORD116 C/D box snoRNAs in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder. Even though the effect of SNORD116 deletion is apparent in the PWS phenotype, similar effects of a SNORD113‐SNORD114 cluster deletion from the 14q32.2 locus in Kagami‐Ogata syndrome (KOS14) and upregulation in Temple syndrome (TS14) remain to be explored. Moreover, apart from their probable involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders, snoRNAs from the SNORD113‐SNORD114 cluster have been implicated in multiple biological processes, including pluripotency, development, cancers, and RNA modifications. Here we summarize the current understanding of the system to explore the possibility of a link between developmental disorders and C/D box snoRNA expression from the imprinted 14q32.2 locus.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
The green and sustainable radiology department
Authors: Mariampillai Jeffrey , Rockall Andrea , Manuellian Christine , Cartwright Sara , Taylor Samuel , Deng Michael , Sheard Sarah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs manmade climate change threatens the health of the planet, it is important that we understand and address the contribution of healthcare to global emissions. Medical imaging is a significant contributor to overall emissions. This article aims to highlight key issues and examples of sustainable practices, in order to empower radiologists to make a change within their department.
Cryptorchidism in the sub-Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis
Authors: Bester M. N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of cryptorchidism, a condition when one or more testes failed to move to their proper position(s), was evaluated for sub-Antarctic fur seals from Gough Island, South Atlantic. The reproductive tracts of male fur seals (n = 123) were examined and reproductive organs measured in a previous study. Only one fur seal, a 5-year-old sexually mature male, had one inguinal testis on the right side, and a small abdominal one situated below the kidney on the same side. A matching contralateral testis could not be located, neither in the scrotum or inguinal canal nor within the abdominal cavity. Amongst pinnipeds, cryptorchids rarely occurred in northern fur seals (0.01% to 0.02% prevalence), harbour seals (undetermined prevalence) and in sub-Antarctic fur seals (0.8% prevalence). Inconsequential on a population level, the rare instances of cryptorchidism in seals are interesting curiosities.
Cardiovascular effects of relaxin-2: therapeutic potential and future perspectives
Authors: Almeida-Pinto Nísia , Dschietzig Thomas Bernd , Brás-Silva Carmen , Adão Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hormone relaxin-2 has emerged as a promising player in regulating the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Through binding to the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), this hormone elicits multiple physiological responses including vasodilation induction, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, and angiogenesis stimulation. The role of relaxin-2, or its recombinant human form known as serelaxin, has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies as a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure, whose current therapy is still unoptimized. However, evidence from past clinical trials has been inconsistent and further research is needed to fully understand the potential applications of relaxin-2. This review provides an overview of serelaxin use in clinical trials and discusses future directions in the development of relaxin-2 mimetics, which may offer new therapeutic options for patients with heart failure.
Heart weight must not be measured before dissection during autopsies
Authors: Lohner Larissa , Sinning Christoph , Suling Anna Isabella , Tse Rexson , Garland Jack , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring autopsies, weighing the heart is a standard procedure. In addition to myocardial pathologies, heart size, and ventricular wall thickness, heart weight is a common parameter to describe cardiac pathology and should be recorded as accurately as possible. To date, there exists no standard for recording heart weight at autopsy, although some authors recommend weighing the heart after dissection and removal of blood and blood clots. In the study presented, the hearts of 58 decedents were weighed after being dissected out of the pericardial sac (a), after dissection using the short-axis or inflow-outflow method with manual removal of blood and blood clots (b), and after rinsing and drying (c). Depending on the dissection method, the heart weight was 7.8% lower for the inflow-outflow method and 11.6% lower for the short-axis method after dissection compared to before and correspondingly 2.9% to 5% lower again after rinsing and drying respectively. Accordingly, the heart should be dissected, blood and blood clots removed, rinsed with water, and dried with a surgical towel after dissection, before weighing.
Is headache a risk factor for dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cermelli Aurora , Roveta Fausto , Giorgis Lia , Boschi Silvia , Grassini Alberto , Ferrandes Fabio , Lombardo Chiara , Marcinnò Andrea , Rubino Elisa , Rainero Innocenzo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we critically evaluate available evidence regarding the association between primary headaches and subsequent decline of cognitive function and dementia.

Background
Recent studies suggested that headache disorders may increase the risk for dementia. However, available studies are conflicting.

Methods
To identify qualifying studies, we searched scientific databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and BMC, screening for relevant papers. In order to reduce the heterogeneity between different studies, the analyses were further subdivided according to the clinical diagnoses and the study methodologies.

Results
We identified 23 studies investigating the association between primary headaches and the risk of dementia. Of these, 18 met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (covering 924.140 individuals). Overall effect-size shows that primary headaches were associated with a small increase in dementia risk (OR = 1,15; CI 95%: 1,03–1,28; p = 0,02). Analyzing subgroups, we found that migraine was associated with both a moderate increased risk of all-cause dementia (OR = 1,26; p = 0,00; 95% CI: 1,13–1,40) as well as a moderate increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 2,00; p = 0,00; 95% CI: 1,46–2,75). This association was significant in both case–control and retrospective cohort studies but not in prospective studies.

Conclusions
Our study supports the presence of a link between primary headaches and dementia. However, in the subgroup analysis, only patients with migraine showed a moderate increase risk for all-cause dementia and for Alzheimer’s disease. Additional rigorous studies are needed to elucidate the possible role of primary headaches on the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia.