bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Immunomodulation by Infection‐Mimicking Gels Enhances Broad and Durable Protective Immunity Against Heterologous Viruses
Authors: Jin Seung Mo , Cho Ju Hee , Seong Yebin , Chathuranga Wijesinghe Arachchilage Gayan , Gwak Yejin , Noh Young‐Woock , Lee Min‐Ho , Oh Sang‐Seok , Choi Jin‐Ho , Lee Jong‐Soo , Lim Yong Taik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite their safety and widespread use, conventional protein antigen‐based subunit vaccines face significant challenges such as low immunogenicity, insufficient long‐term immunity, poor CD8+ T‐cell activation, and poor adaptation to viral variants. To address these issues, an infection‐mimicking gel (IM‐Gel) is developed that is designed to emulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of immune stimulation in acute viral infections through in situ supramolecular self‐assembly of nanoparticulate‐TLR7/8a (NP‐TLR7/8a) and an antigen with tannic acid (TA). Through collagen‐binding properties of TA, the IM‐Gel enables sustained delivery and enhanced retention of NP‐TLR7/8a and protein antigen in the lymph node subcapsular sinus of mice for over 7 days, prolonging the exposure of vaccine components in both B cell and T cell zones, leading to robust humoral and cellular responses. The IM‐Gel system with the influenza A antigen confers cross‐protection against multiple influenza subtypes (H1N1, H5N2, H3N2, H7N3, and H9N2) with long‐term immune responses. Combination of the IM‐Gel with the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein also elicits strong cross‐reactive antibody responses against multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 variants (Alpha, Beta, NY510+D614G, Gamma, Kappa, and Delta). The IM‐Gel, as a programmable immunomodulatory material, provides a vaccine design principle for the development of next‐generation universal vaccines that can elicit broad and durable protective immunity against emerging viruses.
Engineered Microneedle System Enables the Smart Regulation of Nanodynamic Sterilization and Tissue Regeneration for Wound Management
Authors: Lin Shiyang , Cui Zhongqi , Luo Qingqiong , Li Chen , Zhang Yue , Yang Fengjiao , Chen Yichuan , Xu Chuansheng , Gao Yan , Zhao Shasha , Sun Fenyong , Shen Dandan , Wu Qi , Shi Shuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe healing of bacterial biofilm‐infected wounds is a complex process, and the construction of emerging therapeutic modalities that regulate the microenvironment to magnify therapeutic effects and reduce biotoxicity is still highly challenging. Herein, an engineered microneedle (MN) patch is reported to mediate the efficient delivery of black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) and copper peroxide nanodots (CP NDs) for dual nanodynamic sterilization and methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐infected wound healing. Results demonstrate that the system can eliminate biofilm, reduce cytotoxicity, promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration by the multiple advantages of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT), and improved degradation process from BP NSs to phosphate for promoting cell proliferation. Notably, the balance between excellent photodynamic stability and rapid degradability of BP NSs is maintained, and the improved degradation mechanism of BP NSs is vividly elucidated by density functional theory (DFT)‐based molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. Furthermore, the transcriptional changes of treated MRSA‐infected skin are studied using RNA‐seq technology to reveal the potential therapeutic mechanism. As envisaged, the proposed MN patch provides a safe, easy, also highly effective approach to achieve the temporal regulation of sterilization and tissue regeneration for bacterial biofilm‐infected wounds.
N‐oxide‐Functionalized Bipyridines as Strong Electron‐Deficient Units to Construct High‐Performance n‐Type Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Li Mingwei , Li Wenhao , Zhou Junkang , Tian Xiaowen , Li Hongxiang , Jiang Zhen , Liu Di , Liu Yunqi , Wang Yang , Shi Yongqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost unipolar n‐type organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) is necessary for logic circuits. To achieve this objective, the usage of new electron‐deficient building blocks with simple structure and easy synthetic route is desirable. Among all electron‐deficient building units, N‐oxide‐functionalized bipyridines can be prepared through a simple oxidized transformation of bipyridines. However, employing N‐oxide‐functionalized bipyridines as the building unit to construct efficient N‐type polymers has been overlooked. This gap strongly encourages us to design and synthesize two new N‐oxide building blocks, 5,5'‐dibromo‐[2,2'‐bipyridine] 1‐oxide (BPyO) and 5,5'‐dibromo‐[2,2'‐bipyridine] 1,1'‐dioxide (BPyDO), through the oxidation of sp2‐N in 2,2ʹ‐bipyridine. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that BPyO and BPyDO possess planar structure with strong π‐stacking, which is beneficial for charge transport. Incorporation of these building blocks into acceptor–acceptor backbones leads to two new polymers, namely P(DPP‐BPyO) and P(DPP‐BPyDO). Both P(DPP‐BPyO) and P(DPP‐BPyDO) possess lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels than the non‐oxide polymer P(DPP‐BPy). Consequently, the transition from P(DPP‐BPy) (without oxide group) to P(DPP‐BPyO) (mono‐oxide group) and then to P(DPP‐BPyDO) (dioxide group) can decrease hole‐transport performance and gradually switch the transport nature from p‐type to n‐type via ambipolar. These results prove that the introduction of sp2‐N oxide groups in building units would be a promising strategy to approach high‐performance n‐type polymers.
Boosting the Hydrogen Evolution Activity of a Low‐Coordinated Co─N─C Catalyst via Vacancy Defect‐Mediated Alteration of the Intermediate Adsorption Configuration
Authors: Song Qianwei , Gong Zhichao , Liu Jianbin , Huang Kang , Ye Gonglan , Niu Shuwen , Fei Huilong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe cobalt‐nitrogen‐carbon (Co─N─C) single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising alternatives to precious metals for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and their activity is highly dependent on the coordination environments of the metal centers. Herein, a NaHCO3 etching strategy is developed to introduce abundant in‐plane pores within the carbon substrates that further enable the construction of low‐coordinated and asymmetric Co─N3 sites with nearby vacancy defects in a Co─N─C catalyst. This catalyst exhibits a high HER activity with an overpotential (η) of merely 78 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 45.2 mV dec−1, and a turnover frequency of 1.67 s−1 (at η = 100 mV). Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the vacancy defects neighboring the Co─N3 sites can modulate the electronic structure of the catalyst and alter the adsorption configuration of the H intermediate from the typical atop mode to the side mode, resulting in weakened H adsorption strength and thus improved HER activity. This work provides an efficient strategy to regulate the coordination environment of SACs for improved catalytic performance and sheds light on the atomic‐level understanding of the structure‐activity relationships.
Performance, adaptability, and multi‐trait stability of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in rainfed conditions
Authors: Nadim Md. Kawsar Alam , Rahman Motabber , Sikder Md. Rayhan , Adhikary Sourav , Atiq Nusrat Binta , Alam Md. Mahbubul , Mitu Mariom , Khan Tasnim Zerin , Islam Md. Rashedul , Alam Zakaria , Akter Sanjida 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRainfed rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is crucial for meeting food demand in regions like Bangladesh, where irrigation resources are scarce. A study was conducted in five rainfed districts during the 2022 Aman season. The objective was to assess grain yield performance, adaptation patterns, and identify a stable rice variety using multiple trait evaluations. The results showed that Binadhan‐17 produced the highest grain yield, reaching 5.58 t/ha, with its maximum yield recorded in Gopalganj at 6.12 t/ha. Heritability estimates from a linear mixed model were high for plant height (0.93) and grain yield (0.65), with genotypic variance contributing 92.70% and 64.84% to these traits, respectively. A negative correlation (r = −0.43) indicated that shorter varieties tend to perform better for grain yield. Stability analysis using weighted average absolute scores and best linear unbiased prediction identified Binadhan‐17 as the most stable for grain yield, while the genotype–genotype environment biplot confirmed its adaptability across all locations. Factor analysis of the multi‐trait stability index showed stability across traits, with selection gains from 1.49% to 6.99%. Binadhan‐22 was identified as the most stable for average performance and multi‐trait stability. Given its high yield and consistent performance across environments, Binadhan‐17 is recommended for large‐scale cultivation, while Binadhan‐22 offers a reliable, stable alternative across various traits.
1.5D Chiral Perovskites Mediated by Hydrogen‐Bonding Network with Remarkable Spin‐Polarized Property
Authors: Sun Shuo , Jiang Jiawei , Jia Menghui , Tian Yunfei , Xiao Yin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we developed new chiral hybrid perovskites, (R/S‐MBA)(GA)PbI4, by incorporating achiral guanidinium (GA+) and chiral R/S‐methylbenzylammonium (R/S‐MBA+) into the perovskite framework. The resulting materials possess a distinctive structural configuration, positioned between 1D and 2D perovskites, which we describe as 1.5D. This structure is featured by a hydrogen‐bonding‐network‐induced arrangement of zigzag inorganic chains, further forming an organized layered architecture. The structural dimensionality affects both electronic and spin‐related properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal Rashba splitting induced by the inversion asymmetry of the crystal structure, while circularly polarized transient absorption spectroscopy confirms spin lifetime on the nanosecond timescale. Magnetic conductive‐probe atomic force microscopy (mCP‐AFM) measurements demonstrate exceptional chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) with maximum spin polarization degrees of (92±1)% and (−94±2)% for (R‐MBA)(GA)PbI4 and (S‐MBA)(GA)PbI4, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of (R/S‐MBA)(GA)PbI4 as promising candidates for next‐generation spintronic devices, also highlight the critical role of chemical environment in sculpturing the structural dimension and spin‐polarized property of chiral perovskites.
CeO2 Modification Promotes the Oxidation Kinetics for Adipic Acid Electrosynthesis from KA Oil Oxidation at 200 mA cm−2
Authors: Guo Shuoshuo , Wang Changhong , Li Huizhi , Li Tieliang , Liu Cuibo , Gao Ying , Zhao Bo‐Hang , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone in water provides a promising strategy for obtaining adipic acid (AA), which is an essential feedstock in the polymer industry. However, this process is impeded by slow kinetics and limited Faradaic efficiency (FE) due to a poor understanding of the reaction mechanism. Herein, NiCo2O4/CeO2 is developed to enable the electrooxidation of cyclohexanol to AA with a 0.0992 mmol  h−1 cm−2 yield rate and 87 % Faradaic efficiency at a lower potential. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that cyclohexanol electrooxidation to AA is a gradual oxidation process involving the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone, the generation of 2‐hydroxy cyclohexanone, and subsequent C−C cleavage. Theoretical calculations reveal that electronic interactions between CeO2 and NiCo2O4 decrease the energy barrier of cyclohexanone oxidation to 2‐hydroxy cyclohexanone and inhibit the *OH to *O step, leading to AA electrosynthesis with a high yield rate and FE. Kinetic analysis further elucidates the effect of CeO2 on promoting cyclohexanone adsorption and activation on the electrode surface, thus facilitating the reaction kinetics. Moreover, a two‐electrode flow reactor is constructed to produce 72.1 mmol AA and 10.4 L H2 by using KA oil as the anode feedstock at 2.5 A (200 mA cm−2), demonstrating promising potential.
Discovery and Total Synthesis of a New Class of Minor Immunosuppressive Plant Sesterterpenoids
Authors: Zheng Yu , Teng Lin‐Lin , Zhou Ting‐Ting , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Guo Kai , Li Hao , Li Tao , Wang Liang‐Liang , Liu Yan , Li Sheng‐Hong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlant sesterterpenoids are an extremely rare family of natural products that generally possess novel chemical structures and diverse biological activities. Herein, we report the discovery of an unprecedented group of minor plant sesterterpenoids, gracilisoids B−E (2–5), which feature two types of highly functionalized bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane carbon skeletons, along with their biogenetically related precursor gracilisoid A (1), from a Lamiaceae ethnomedicinal plant, Eurysolen gracilis. To confirm their structures and obtain adequate materials for biological research, the asymmetric total syntheses of gracilisoids A−E (1–5) and four new biogenetically‐related congeners gracilisoids F−I (6–9) were achieved from commercially available (−)‐citronellal by a bioinspired approach that involves a Norrish‐Yang photocyclization/α‐hydroxy ketone rearrangement tandem reaction and a late‐stage biomimetic photooxidation as key steps. Biological investigations revealed that gracilisoids A−I (1–9) significantly inhibited IFN‐γ production and/or T cell proliferation probably through inhibition of the STAT pathway. The findings herald the potential of these gracilisoids as novel immunosuppressive agents, and efficient synthetic approaches will facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of their value in future drug development.
Scaling up morphological differentiation of pangolin scales: Serial, ontogenetic and evolutionary variation
Authors: Moison Benoît , Gerber Sylvain , Filippo Andréa , Grosmougin Maxime , Falconnet Jocelyn , Rinder Nicolas , Gaubert Philippe , Hautier Lionel , Billet Guillaume 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPangolins are the most heavily trafficked mammals in the world, largely because of the high demand for their keratinous scales from the traditional Chinese medicine market. While seizures of pangolin material are largely composed of isolated scales, efficient approaches to reach species‐level identification are missing. This mostly originates from the lack of comparative studies on the shape of pangolin scales, resulting in knowledge gaps on the imbricated effects of serial, ontogenetic, and evolutionary variations. Using a large sample of micro‐CT scan data, we performed the first quantitative 3D analysis of scale shape variation among the eight species of extant pangolins. Our geometric morphometric approach suggests that pangolins grossly share similar trends of serial variation, with scale shape and size being similarly distinct across the different body regions. Relative elongation is by far the main component of scale shape variation at the intraspecific level, although degree of asymmetry and shape of scale bed area also allow distinction among different body areas, especially in adults. At the evolutionary level, Phataginus is the most distinctive genus, with P. tricuspis having the most elongated scales overall. Scales of the back (dorsum) appear to be the best discriminator between species, providing one of the few scale shape differences recorded between the genera Smutsia and Manis. Our results provide an unprecedented, upstream understanding of broad differentiation patterns across the scaled body of pangolins. Together with other yet‐to‐be‐explored morphological traits (e.g., scale size, ornamentation, and thickness), scale shape could provide a valuable matrix of information for forensic applications.
2‐Amidophenolate and 2‐Iminosemiquinone Radical‐Coordinated Vanadyl Complex as Catholyte for Non‐Aqueous Redox‐Flow Batteries
Authors: Adhikari Ritwik , Sarkar Prasenjit , Golder Animes Kumar , Mukherjee Chandan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFulfilment of energy demand by utilizing renewable energy sources that do not contribute to the production of greenhouse gases is a step forward in mitigating global warming. However, with the energy sources being intermittent in nature, renewable energy needs to be stored effectively on a grid scale. In this context, the development of redox‐flow batteries has emerged as a promising technology where charging and discharging processes are accomplished by the redox shuttling of the electrolytes, namely anolytes and catholytes. This report describes the synthesis and characterization of a six‐coordinate vanadyl complex (complex 1) with H4LSCH2(AP/AP) ligand comprising two redox‐active (non‐innocent) 2‐aminophenol moieties. The metal ion‐coordinated deprotonated ligand, which was in {[LSCH2(AP/ISQ)]3−} form, encountered one‐electron reversible oxidation at 0.46 V vs Ag/AgCl where the 2‐amidophenolate ([AP]2−) unit was being oxidized to [ISQ]⋅− radical. Using this redox phenomenon, a static H‐cell was constructed in a 1 : 1 CH3CN : CH2Cl2 solvent mixture where galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles, in the potential range 0 to +0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl, were performed for 54 hours without noticeable degradation of the complex. GCD experiment provided a columbic efficiency (CE) of 97 % and energy efficiency (EE) of 71 %.
Applying the online language learners' characteristics model in connection with various personality traits: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Liang Yuan , Ji Ting , Zhou Shuying , Liu Xiaolin , Yan Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConstructing personalised and effective online language learning models based on individual personality differences is crucial in the field of education. However, there is little research on how to apply these models to students in science and engineering who have varying personality profiles. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Online Language Learners' Characteristics Model Questionnaire and investigate how its structure and performance differ among individuals with different personality traits. A total of 1015 college students completed a pen‐and‐paper questionnaire in online classes. The results showed that online characteristics were explained by a five‐factor model consisting of language learning strategy, attitude, motivation, causal attribution, and self‐efficacy. A latent profile analysis was conducted to identify four distinct personality profiles. Measurement invariance and differences in characteristics among the four personality types were examined. Our findings offer initial evidence of the specific connections between personality traits and online language learning characteristics at the individual level.
TERTp Mutation and its Prognostic Value in Glioma Patients Under the 2021 WHO Classification: A Real‐World Study
Authors: Xing Hao , Liu Delin , Li Junlin , Ge Yulu , Guo Xiaopeng , Chen Wenlin , Zhao Dachun , Shi Yixin , Li Yilin , Wang Yaning , Wang Yuekun , Xia Yu , Wu Jiaming , Liang Tingyu , Wang Hai , Liu Qianshu , Jin Shanmu , Qu Tian , Guo Siying , Li Huanzhang , Yang Tianrui , Zhang Kun , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors introduces more molecular markers for glioma reclassification, including TERT promoter (TERTp) mutation as a key feature in glioblastoma diagnosis.AimsGiven the changes in the entities included in each subtype under the new classification, this research investigated the distribution, prognostic value, and correlations with other molecular alterations of TERTp mutation in different subgroups under this latest classification.MethodsAll glioma patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for surgical resection or biopsy from 2011 to 2022 were included. Samples were analyzed for TERTp mutation and 59 other gene alterations and chromosome copy number variations.ResultsA total of 207 patients were included. The occurrence of TERTp mutations varied with percentages of 4.55%, 100%, and 77.92% in astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma, respectively. 65% of all adult‐type glioma patients and 42.6% of IDH‐wildtype histology grade 2 or 3 patients were TERTp‐mutant. Survival analysis showed that TERTp mutation was a predictor of better prognosis in IDH‐mutant grade 2 gliomas (median OS (mOS): not reached (NA) (95% CI: NA–NA) vs. 75.9 (95% CI: 55.4–NA) months, HR = 0.077 (95% CI: 0.01–0.64), p = 0.003), while poor OS was associated with all Grade 4 gliomas (mOS: 17.5 (95% CI: 12.6–24.2) vs. 40.5 (95% CI: 24.4–83.8) months, HR = 2.014 (95% CI: 1.17–3.47), p = 0.01) and all IDH‐wildtype histology grade 2 or 3 gliomas (median OS: 12.6 (95% CI: 11–24.2) vs. 83.8 (95% CI: 35.2–NA) months, HR = 3.768 (95% CI: 1.83–7.78), p < 0.001). Moreover, TERTp mutation tended to co‐occur with EGFR, KRAS, and MET in glioblastoma. In the IDH‐mutant subgroup, it tended to co‐occur with CIC and FUBP1 alterations, while being mutually exclusive with ATRX and TP53 alterations. These correlations may further refine prognostic predictions.
Metagenomic Profiling of Oral Microbiome Dynamics During Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Torozan Dominique A. , Laczny Cédric Christian , Roomp Kirsten , Wilmes Paul , Fleckenstein Jochen , Schneider Jochen G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe explored the interaction between the oral microbiome and the development of radiation‐induced mucositis in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We prospectively studied the oral microbiome and compared it to healthy controls. Additionally, we compared patients with low‐grade (LGM) vs. high‐grade mucositis (HGM).MethodsTen HNSCC patients scheduled for CRT were included. Saliva samples were characterized prior to, during, and nine months after CRT using metagenomic sequencing. We similarly characterized samples from seven healthy controls. We assessed alpha and beta diversity and examined abundances at different taxonomic levels between (sub)groups.ResultsPatients exhibited significantly reduced alpha diversity compared to controls at all times (p ⟨ 0.05). Differential abundance of taxa between patients and controls was observed at baseline. In patients, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli increased significantly during CRT. Capnocytophaga spp. was associated with the definitive CRT patients' subgroup. At baseline, two fungal families (Melampsoraceae and Herpotrichiellaceaea) were more abundant in patients who later developed HGM. No differentially abundant taxa were found between LGM vs. HGM during irradiation.ConclusionOur findings support the hypothesis that CRT, as well as HNSCC itself, influences the composition of the oral microbiome. Microbial markers found in patients who later developed HGM should be evaluated using independent cohorts to qualify their specific biomarker potential.