bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TBX and ‘Lemon’: What perspectives in terminology?
Authors: Piccini Silvia , Vezzani Federica , Bellandi Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Different solutions are offered today for modelling multilingual terminological data. In this article, we focus on the description of two approaches: on the one hand, the model proposed in the context of ISO TC 37/SC 3, based on the adoption of the Terminological Markup Framework/TermBase eXchange standards; on the other hand, the ‘Lemon’ model and, more generally, the Ontology Web Language adopted in the framework of the Semantic Web. The aim of this study is to propose a contrastive multilevel analysis between these two paradigms, with the ultimate goal of highlighting their divergences and convergences. The terminological case study chosen to test the two approaches is represented by the pathology known as ‘body dysmorphic disorder’, which poses challenges in terms of conceptual and linguistic representation. Starting from the phenomena of reconceptualization and denominative variation of this disorder, we will show that the two models are based on diverging but complementary theoretical and methodological perspectives.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome refractory to conventional therapy: A single-arm, open-labelled multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Kaneko Kayoko , Tsutsumi Seiji , Fujita Daisuke , Sugiura-Ogasawara Mayumi , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Matsubara Keiichi , Atsumi Tatsuya , Inoue Eisuke , Takimoto Tetsuya , Murashima Atsuko 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) refractory to conventional treatment.

Methods
We conducted a single-arm, open-label multicentre clinical intervention trial. The enrolled criteria were patients with refractory APS who had a history of still or premature birth before 30 weeks of gestational age, even though they had been treated with conventional treatment, i.e. heparin and low-dose aspirin. After confirming the foetal heartbeats, a single course of IVIG (0.4 g/kg body weight daily for 5 days) was added to conventional treatment. The primary outcome was a live birth ratio of &gt;30 weeks of gestational period, and the secondary outcome included improving pregnancy outcomes compared to previous pregnancy.

Results
Twenty-five per cent of patients (2 of 8 cases) achieved a live birth after the 30th week of pregnancy by IVIG-only add-on treatment, which is the same prevalence as the historical control. However, by adding other second-line therapy to IVIG and conventional treatment, further three patients (37.5%) achieved improvements in pregnancy outcome compared to previous treatments. In total, five patients (62.5%) were able to achieve preferable pregnancy outcomes through combination treatment including IVIG.

Conclusions
This clinical trial could not demonstrate the efficacy of IVIG-only add-on therapy at improving the pregnancy outcomes of patients with obstetric APS refractory to conventional treatment. However, the combination of IVIG with rituximab or statins adding to conventional treatment improved pregnancy outcomes and resulted in more live births. Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of multi-targeted therapy to treat obstetric refractory APS.
Insights into the Cognitive Abilities of Oldowan and Acheulean Hominins
Authors: Toth Nicholas , Schick Kathy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter incorporates a personal retrospective on the authors’ development of experimental and other comparative approaches in researching the behavioral and cognitive evolution of early tool-making hominins. Over the past four decades, the authors have conducted experimental archaeological and other actualistic research bearing on the technology, adaptation, behavioral patterns, and cognitive complexity of Early Stone Age hominins in Africa and Eurasia (~2.5–0.5 million years ago). This research has primarily focused on the Oldowan Industrial Complex (Mode 1 or “pebble tool” industries) and the Acheulean Industrial Complex (Mode 2 or “handaxe and cleaver” industries). This actualistic research has included experimental replicative and functional studies of early stone artifacts, geoarchaeological investigations of site formation processes, teaching modern African apes (bonobos) to make and use stone tools, ethnoarchaeology, and brain imaging studies.
Toward an Understanding of Indigenous Rock Art from an Ideational Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Hampson Jamie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many years before the so-called ontological and materialist turns in archaeological and anthropological theory, ideational cognitive archaeologists made progress towards understanding at least some of the meanings of—and motivations behind the creation of—rock art. Working closely with Indigenous groups, and tacking back and forth between ethnographic, neurological, and material-cultural data, researchers were able to challenge the nihilist assertion that “we will never know anything about the original significance of the art.” This chapter considers historiography, theoretical, and methodological developments, and in situ case studies from west Texas, western North America, and beyond. It shows that hermeneutic and cross-disciplinary research into rock paintings and engravings is one of the most effective and compelling ways of understanding archaeology, varied ontological outlooks, and cognitive approaches to material culture, and what happened in the past.
Cognitive Basis of the Acheulian Culture of the Hunsgi-Baichbal Basin, Deccan (India)
Authors: Paddayya K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Following a statement from ancient Indian thought that renders consciousness as unique to humankind in the living world, this chapter provides an overview of cognitive archaeology studies in India. It then refers to theoreticians who ultimately had a profound influence upon the course of understanding and interpreting archaeological artifacts, particularly the Acheulian handaxe in India and elsewhere. These theoretical influences include Jean Piaget’s genetic epistemology, Thomas Wynn’s reinterpretation of Piaget’s work vis-à-vis stone handaxes, David Clarke’s four stages in the development of archaeological thought (stage of consciousness, stage of self-consciousness, stage of critical self-consciousness, and self-critical self-consciousness), and the writings of Gordon Childe. It also challenges the notion that the Acheulian culture in India was merely an industrial complex bereft of cultural implications. This position is illustrated with reference to the cognitive dimensions of the Acheulian hominin groups of Hunsgi-Baichbal basin of the Deccan region in India at different levels—habitat choice and site selection; raw material choice and knapping strategies; cognition of seasonal availability of surface water sources and wild plant and animal foods in the basin; and recognition of aesthetic attributes of natural and created objects. This chapter concludes with a tribute to Gordon Childe for his perspicacious observations about the cognitive and social aspects of the bifacial tool tradition.
A Diagnostic Guide to Phytopythium helicoides and Phytopythium vexans Causing Root and Crown Rot Diseases
Authors: Ghimire Bhawana , Baysal-Gurel Fulya 
Published: June 2023

Phytopythium vexans and Phytopythium helicoides are important waterborne plant pathogens causing root and crown rot disease in plants from different families ( P. vexans = 19 and P. helicoides = 18) worldwide. The main objective of this diagnostic guide is to provide detailed information about symptoms and signs of root and crown rot disease, host range, geographic distribution, pathogen isolation, conventional and molecular identification, storage, and pathogenicity testing, and present a reliable zoospore production procedure for these pathogens. This guide is aimed at facilitating the detection and identification of these pathogens in the field and laboratory, and the zoospore production procedure is anticipated to help in further investigations and development of different management strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
KLF7 promotes adipocyte inflammation and glucose metabolism disorder by activating the PKCζ/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Yang Xin , Liang Maodi , Tang Yihan , Ma Dingling , Li Menghuan , Yuan Chenggang , Hou Yanting , Sun Chaoyue , Liu Jie , Wei Qianqian , Chang Yongsheng , Wang Cuizhe , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the obesity context, inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipocytes lead to insulin resistance and are key to metabolic syndrome development. In our previous study, we found that the transcription factor KLF7 promoted the expression of p‐p65 and IL‐6 in adipocytes. However, the specific molecular mechanism remained unclear. In the present study, we found that the expression of KLF7, PKCζ, p‐IκB, p‐p65, and IL‐6 in epididymal white adipose tissue (Epi WAT) in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) was significantly increased. In contrast, the expression of PKCζ, p‐IκB, p‐p65, and IL‐6 was significantly decreased in Epi WAT of KLF7 fat conditional knockout mice. In 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, KLF7 promoted the expression of IL‐6 via the PKCζ/NF‐κB pathway. In addition, we performed luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, which confirmed that KLF7 upregulated the expression of PKCζ transcripts in HEK‐293T cells. Collectively, our results show that KLF7 promotes the expression of IL‐6 by upregulating PKCζ expression and activating the NF‐κB signaling pathway in adipocytes.
Near‐infrared fluorophoreIR‐61 delays postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes through suppressing oxidative stress mediated by mitochondrial protection
Authors: Qu Jiadan , Luo Yunyao , Qin Lifeng , Guo Jing , Zhu Ling , Li Chong , Xie Juan , Shi Chunmeng , Huang Guoning , Li Jingyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPostovulatory aging can trigger deterioration of oocyte quality and subsequent embryonic development, and thus reduce the success rates of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The molecular mechanisms underlying postovulatory aging, and preventative strategies, remain to be explored. The near‐infrared fluorophore IR‐61, a novel heptamethine cyanine dye, has the potential for mitochondrial targeting and cell protection. In this study, we found that IR‐61 accumulated in oocyte mitochondria and reduced the postovulatory aging‐induced decline in mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial distribution, membrane potential, mtDNA number, ATP levels, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. In addition, IR‐61 rescued postovulatory aging‐caused oocyte fragmentation, defects in spindle structure, and embryonic developmental potential. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the postovulatory aging‐induced oxidative stress pathway might be inhibited by IR‐61. We then confirmed that IR‐61 decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species and MitoSOX, and increased GSH content in aged oocytes. Collectively, the results indicate that IR‐61 may prevent postovulatory aging by rescuing oocyte quality, promoting successful rate in ART procedure.
Numeracy Education for Health Care Providers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Goldstein Casey , Woods Nicole , MacKinnon Rebecca , Fazelzad Rouhi , Gill Bhajan , Giuliani Meredith Elana , Papadakos Tina , Wei Qinge , Papadakos Janet 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Health numeracy (numerical literacy) refers to an individual's ability to use numerical information to make effective health decisions. Numeracy is fundamental in the role of a health care provider, forming the basis of evidence-based medicine and effective patient-provider communication. Despite a high level of education, many health care providers struggle with numeracy. Numeracy is often integrated into training curricula; however, teaching modality, competencies covered, learner satisfaction, and effectiveness of these educational interventions varies.

Method:
A scoping review was conducted to explore and summarize what is known about numeracy skills education programs for health care providers. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2010 to April 2021 in 10 databases. Controlled vocabulary terms and text words were used. The search was restricted to human studies, adults, and the English language. Articles were included if they were related to numeracy education for health care providers or trainees and provided details regarding methods, evaluation, and results.

Results:
The literature search retrieved 31,611 results and 71 met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions were conducted in a university setting, and targeted nursing students, medical students, resident physicians, and pharmacy students. Common numeracy concepts included statistics/biostatistics, medication calculations, evidence-based medicine, research methodology, and epidemiology. A variety of teaching modalities were used, which most often combined active approaches (eg, workshops, laboratories, small-group exercises, and discussion boards) with passive approaches (eg, traditional lectures and didactic teaching). Measured outcomes included knowledge and skills, self-efficacy, attitudes, and engagement.

Discussion:
Although efforts have been made to incorporate numeracy into training curricula, greater emphasis should be placed on developing strong numeracy skills in health care providers, particularly given the role numerical information plays in clinical decision making, evidence-based practices, and patient-provider communication.
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Thymus With Prominent B-Cell Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka , Moran Cesar A. 
Published: June 2023

Ten cases of basaloid squamous cell carcinomas of the thymus are presented. The patients are 6 women and 4 men ranging in ages between 51 and 72 years (average: 61.5 y), who presented with nonspecific symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and chest pain with no history of malignancy, myasthenia gravis, or other autoimmune disease. Surgical resection of the mediastinal masses via thoracotomy or sternotomy was performed in all patients. Grossly, the tumors varied in size from 2 to 8 cm, were light tan in color, solid and slightly hemorrhagic, and had infiltrative borders. Histologically, scanning magnification showed elongated interanastomosing ribbons of tumors cells embedded in a lymphoid stroma containing germinal centers. At higher magnification, the tumors cells were round to oval with moderate amounts of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei, moderate cellular atypia, and mitotic activity ranging from 3 to 5 mitotic figures per 10 HPFs. In 8 cases, the tumor invaded perithymic adipose tissue, in 1 case the tumor infiltrated pericardium, and in 1 case, the tumor involved the pleura. Immunohistochemical stains showed positive staining in the epithelial component for pancytokeratin, p63, keratin 5/6, and p40, while CD20 and CD79a characterized the lymphoid component. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 7 patients. Two patients died within 24 months and 5 patients remained alive between 12 and 60 months. The current cases highlight the unusual feature of B-cell lymphoid hyperplasia in these tumors and their potential aggressive behavior.
OPTIMAL PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF THROMBOMODULIN ALFA TO TREAT SEPSIS-INDUCED DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
Authors: Imaura Masaharu , Katagiri Fumihiko , Nagase Satoshi , Hatoyama-Tanaka Saori , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Takayanagi Risa , Kanno Hiroshi , Yamada Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Thrombomodulin alfa (TM alfa) has been shown effective for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with sepsis, although the optimal therapeutic plasma concentration has not been clarified. In the present study, the plasma trough concentration of TM alfa in septic patients with DIC was determined, then the cutoff value for that concentration showing influence on treatment outcome was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. With a cutoff value of 1,010, the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.669 (95% confidence interval, 0.530–0.808), with sensitivity of 0.458 and specificity of 0.882. To evaluate its accuracy, patients were divided into those above or below the cutoff value, and 90-day survival rates were compared. The above-cutoff group showed a significantly higher 90-day survival rate (91.7%) as compared with the below-cutoff group (63.4%) (P = 0.017), with a hazard ratio of 0.199 (95% confidence interval, 0.045–0.871). Interestingly, the incidence of hemorrhagic adverse effects was not significantly different between the groups. Based on these results, the recommended plasma trough concentration of TM alfa for treatment of septic DIC is 1,010 ng/mL, which should minimize the risk of severe bleeding while maximizing the therapeutic effect.
Carrier frequency estimation of pathogenic variants of autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive Mendelian disorders using exome sequencing data in 1,642 Thais
Authors: Chetruengchai Wanna , Phowthongkum Prasit , Shotelersuk Vorasuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeople with autosomal recessive disorders often were born without awareness of the carrier status of their parents. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommends screening 113 genes known to cause autosomal recessive and X-linked conditions in couples seeking to learn about their risk of having children with these disorders to have an appropriate reproductive plan. Here, we analyzed the exome sequencing data of 1,642 unrelated Thai individuals to identify the pathogenic variant (PV) frequencies in genes recommended by ACMG. The ascertainment bias was controlled by excluding the carriers of the PV in the genes for the conditions that are attributed to their offspring disorders. In the 113 ACMG-recommended genes, 165 PV and likely PVs in 60 genes of 559 exomes (34%, 559/1642) were identified. The carrier rate was increased to 39% when glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was added. The carrier rate was still as high as 14.7% when thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies were excluded. In addition to thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and G6PD deficiency, carrier frequencies of >1% were found for Gaucher disease, primary hyperoxaluria, Pendred syndrome, and Wilson disease. Nearly 2% of the couples were at risk of having offsprings with the tested autosomal recessive conditions. The expanded carrier screening focused on common autosomal recessive conditions in Thai seems to be benefit among the study samples.
A Novel Bleeding Risk Stratification Scheme in Japanese Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: The J-RISK AF study
Authors: Akao Masaharu , Tomita Hirofumi , Nakai Michikazu , Kodani Eitaro , Suzuki Shinya , Hayashi Kenshi , Sawano Mitsuaki , Goya Masahiko , Yamashita Takeshi , Fukuda Keiichi , Tsuda Toyonobu , Isobe Mitsuaki , Toyoda Kazunori , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Okamura Tomonori , Sasahara Yusuke , Okumura Ken 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral anticoagulants (OAC) reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, but may increase the risk of major bleeding in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Various risk scores, such as HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT, have been proposed to assess the risk of major bleeding in NVAF patients receiving OAC. However, limited data are available on bleeding risk stratification in Japanese NVAF patients.MethodsOf the 16,098 NVAF patients from the J-RISK AF study, the combined data of the five major AF registries in Japan (J-RHYTHM Registry, Fushimi AF Registry, Shinken Database, Keio interhospital Cardiovascular Studies, and Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry), we analyzed 11,539 patients receiving OAC (median age, 71 years; female, 39.6%; median CHADS2score, 2). Multivariable Cox-hazard proportional analysis was performed to explore significant risk factors for major bleeding. Using those factors, we developed a novel bleeding risk stratification scheme and compared its predictive performance with previously reported risk scores.ResultsDuring the 2-year follow-up period, major bleeding occurred in 274 patients (1.3% per patient-year). On multivariable analysis, advanced age, uncontrolled hypertension, history of bleeding, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and concomitant antiplatelet agents were significantly associated with higher incidence of major bleeding. We developed a novel risk stratification system, J-RISK bleeding score, that had good predictive performance (C-statistics 0.67) for major bleeding. The predictive performance of our score was better than previous scores.ConclusionOur findings suggest that our novel risk stratification system, the J-RISK bleeding score, is more useful than previous score systems for Japanese NVAF patients receiving OAC.
Trends and landscape of cardiovascular disease studies characteristics on ClinicalTrials.gov from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Rawlley Bharat , Bansal Kannu , Dayal Utkarsh , Julka Dhawani , Salooja Ishita , Sanchez Andres Cordova , Gupta Kartik , Kumar Sandeep , Chaudhuri Debanik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo analyze cardiovascular disease (CVD) studies from the United States registered onClinicalTrials.govfocusing on characteristics associated with their external validity; the presence of Data Monitoring Committee/Data Safety Monitoring Board (DMC/DSMB), randomization, blinding, and gender of the principal investigators (PIs).MethodsWe queried the Application Programming Interface (API) ofClinicalTrials.govto extract data on characteristics of the identified studies, most notably, DMC/DSMB status, Design Allocation, Design masking, and gender of PIs.ResultsWe identified 536 studies pertinent to CVD for this analysis. Out of 536, 471 (88%) were interventional studies (Clinical trials) and 65 (12%) were observational studies with interventions. Amongst these, 261 (49%) reported having a DMC, 312 (66%) reported randomization, 224 (48%) reported masking and 122 (19%) of the PIs were women. No trend was seen in the annual proportion of studies with DMC, randomization, masking, and women as PIs (P-trend > 0.05 for all). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were notable for higher odds of DMC (aOR, 5.28; 95% CI, 2.70 – 10.90; P < 0.05) and blinding (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.29 – 4.64; P < 0.05) in NIH-funded studies and higher odds of being terminated/suspended or withdrawn in basic science studies (aOR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.07 - 6.90; P < 0.05). No relation was seen between any characteristics and the study being completed.ConclusionsWe report on the absence of DMCs, randomization, blinding, women as PIs, and lack of cross-gender collaboration in the leadership of CVD studies without any favorable trend over the past decade. This calls for comprehensive efforts to improve these trends and ultimately, the external validity of studies. We also call for an overhaul of the definition of the phase of a clinical trial that centers around a drug being the intervention.