bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Olive Seedlings (Olea europaea L.) Manzinilo Cultivar to Spraying with Potassium Silicate and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Al-Waeli Fatimah Khayoon Mohammed , Al-Khayyt Baqer Sejad Mohmod 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research was carried out in one of the private orchards in the district of Al-Musayyab / Babil during the season 2019-2020 with the aim of studying the effect of two factors, namely, spraying with three concentrations of potassium silicate (0,100,150 mg. L-1) and ascorbic acid with three concentrations of 0,100,200 mg. l-1), the experiment was designed as a factorial experiment according to the design of randomized complete blocks (RCBD) and with three replications, and the experimental unit included one seedling, so the number of experiment trees is 27 seedlings. The transactions were distributed randomly and using the SAS program to analyze the data. Spraying with potassium silicate and ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100 mg.l-1 each led to a significant increase in plant height, which amounted to 79.10 cm compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 47.00 cm, as well as its superiority in the number of branches, which reached 5 branches. seedlings -1 compared to the control treatment. Which amounted to 3.00 branch. seedlings-1, while the spraying treatment with potassium silicate and ascorbic at a concentration of 150 mg.l-1 each was superior in the characteristics of the number of total leaves. mg.l-1 and ascorbic at a concentration of 50 mg. l-1 in the characteristic of stem diameter, which amounted to 15 mm each, compared with the control treatment, which amounted to 10.24 mm, and the characteristic of leaf area, which amounted to 12.40 and 12.17 cm2 for each, respectively, while the comparison treatment for leaf area was 9.91 cm2.
Effect of Cultivars, Apical Pinching and Copper Nano-Fertilizer on 1-Characteristics of Vegetative Growth of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: alsawaf Ahmed , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Research was conducted at the vegetable field of the University of Mosul’s Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering (in the College of Agriculture and Forestry) (2021). The experiment included a study of three factors, the first of which was the use of three different bean sprout cultivars (Spanish, American, and Dutch), the second of which was the condition of apical pinching (apical pinching and without pinching), and the third of which was the use of copper Nano-fertilizer at three different concentrations (zero, one, and 1.5 gm L-1) (2 x 3 x 3). Field research was conducted utilizing a factorial experiment with split-plots in R.C.B.D. Varieties were planted in the main plots, and the correlation between pinching and copper Nano-fertilizer concentrations was observed in the sub-plots. The Duncan multiple range test was used to compare the means of the groups, and a significance threshold of 5% was used for the study. Here’s a rundown of the A- The significant effect of the plants of the three cultivars varied in the characteristics of the vegetative growth, as the plants of the Spanish and American cultivars were significantly superior in plant height and percentage of dry matter, while the plants of the Dutch and Spanish cultivars excelled in the number of branches, while no significant differences were observed between the cultivars in terms of chlorophyll and leaf area. B- The treatment of apical pinching excelled in terms of the number of branches and leaf area compared to the treatment of not pinching. C- The use of copper Nano-fertilizer in two concentrations resulted in significant effects on all vegetative growth traits compared to comparison plants. D- Most of the effects of the binary and triple interaction of the studied factors were consistent with the single effect of each factor for most of the previous characteristics.
Effect of the Fungus Neoscylitiadium dimidiatum Penz. Reduction of Dry Weight and Specific Weight of Sapwood and Heartwood of the Trunks of Populus and Eucalyptus Trees
Authors: Abdullah Anfal Awad , Muhammad Anwar Nouri 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out in the Forest Diseases Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Al Mosul. During the academic year 2021-2022, the Sakla wood is available in the wood stores in the city of Mosul. The study aimed at the effect of decay fungi on some local commercial woods, including populus and Eucalyptus The results of the field survey of wood stores in the city of Mosul showed that most of the wood was infected with brown rot fungus. As the severity of the infection varied in different proportions, the percentage of infection of populus wood columns was 75%, and the percentage of infection of Eucalyptus wood columns was 40%. The fungus Neoscylitiadium dimidiatum penz. caused a decrease in the dry weight of populus wood and Eucalyptus columns from the first month of incubation and continued gradually until the fifth month As the percentage of loss in the fifth month was 4.41% for the populus poles, and the percentage of loss was 3.33% for the Eucalyptus poles. The increase in the losses in the weight of the sap wood continued during the incubation stages and to a greater degree than the increase in the loss percentages in the heart wood.
The Effect of the Bacterial Biofertilizer Azotobacter and Gibberellic Acid Solution and Kinetin in Germination of Guava Seeds (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Alkalabi Chasb Kh. Ja. , Bajlan Sabah G. Sh. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out in the College of Agriculture - University of Kerbala at the beginning of September of the year 2022, according to a factorial experiment with a completely randomized block design, to study the effect of bacterial biofertilizer Azotobacter, and a solution of gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1), and a solution of kinetin in three concentrations (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1) in germination of guava seeds (Psidium guajava L.), the results showed that the single effect of the biological fertilizing agent was superior in the all studied characteristic, except for the characteristic of germination energy after ten days compared to the control treatment. As for gibberellic acid, the concentration (300 mg. L-1) gave it the highest significant increase in all the studied traits compared to the control treatment. Also, the treatment of seeds with kinetin excelled, as the concentration (50 mg. L-1) recorded the highest significant difference in all the studied traits, compared to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest rate.
The Effect of Rhus coriaria on the Microorganisms Present in the Gut, Gills and Aquarium Environment of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Salih Saadullah Ali , Al-Taee Nidhal Tahseen Taha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted for the purpose of estimating three types of bacteria, Salmonella enterica, E.Coli, and Lactobacillus’s (lactic acid bacteria) in the fish laboratory of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul. In order to find out the extent of contamination of the fish environment with microorganisms and the exposure of fish to them, bacterial samples were taken from three sites, which are the aquarium water, the gills and the intestines, and they were cultivated in the culture media designated for them. Results There were significant differences at the probability level (P ≥ 0.05), as a decrease in the number of colonies of the three types of bacteria was observed in the treatments that contained different percentages of sumac compared to the control.
Effect of Palm Oil, Linseed Oil and Vitamin E on some Production Parameters of Broilers
Authors: Al-Klw Mohammed Jawdat , Hamid Shehab Muhammad , Ibrahim Azhar Majid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Livestock Research Station in Mosul of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture during the period 27/12/2021 to 8/2/2022 for the purpose of studying the effect of adding some plants oils and vitamin E on some productive traits of broiler chickens. where (480) one-day-old Roos-308 broiler chicks were used, they were distributed randomly by six experimental treatments for each treatment of 80 birds, and each treatment included four replications, and each repetition had 20 birds. the treatments were as follows: T1 (standard ration without addition) T2 (palm oil addition 2%) T3 (flax oil addition 2%) T4 (vitamin E supplementation 300 mg/kg feed) T5 (palm oil addition 2% and vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed) T6 (add flax oil 2% and vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed). we obtained significant differences (P≤0.05) in weight, weight gain, production index, feed consumption rate, feed conversion coefficient, and a decrease in mortality, as it was found that there was a significant improvement in the breast weight criterion.
Effect of Drainage with Flax Oil on Weight and some Blood Characteristics During Late Pregnancy Stage of Awassi Ewes
Authors: Khalaf Rafea M. , Noaman Abdullah I. , Al-Abbasy Emad Gh. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The goal of this research was to determine the effects of various doses of flaxseed oil on ewe body weight, growth characteristics, and selected biochemical and hormonal blood characteristics. This research was carried out in the animal science department at the University of Tikrit’s College of Agriculture between October 6th, 2022, and September 1st, 2022. There were a total of 17 female Awassi sheep, ages 1-2, with an average live weight of 56.41 kg, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups. To the ewes, flaxseed oil was administered at a rate of 0%, 6%, and 8% of the dry matter weight in the three different groups. The ewes were grazing daily, in addition to providing a supplementary diet at the level of 2.5% of body weight, consisting of 14.98 protein and 14.22 MJ/kg dry matter as energy. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the treatments in ewes’ weights, the percentage of packed blood cells, the number of white blood cells and platelets, and the values of total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine, while the control treatment was the least significant (P≤0.05). of the second and third treatments, which had the highest numbers of red blood cells (5.79, 6.61 and 7.72) 106cells/ml3 and hemoglobin (9.06, 9.80 and 10.20) mg/dl, respectively. While a significant decrease (P≤0.05) was, observe for the activity of AST, ALT and triglyceride enzymes for the third treatment compared to the control treatment. The third treatment was significantly superior (P≤0.05) in the value of blood globulin, glucose and cholesterol 1.90 g/dl, 66.66 and 84.00 mg/dl, respectively.
Evaluation of the Rhodotorula glutinis in Controlling the Gray Rot Disease Caused by the Pathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea Pre and Post Strawberry Harvesting
Authors: Ibrahim Youssef Ayad , Hassan Abdullah Abdulkareem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was evaluated in the field experiment for control of the gray rot disease on strawberry caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The results showed that all treatments of R. glutinis yeast led to a significant superiority in inducing systemic strawberry resistance and an increase in vegetative, productivity and quality indicators of three strawberry cultivars, compared to the Prado fungicide treatment and the pathogenic fungus treatment only. Treatment of filtrate and yeast cells (R. glutinis - Cs +F with B. cinerea) achieved the highest activity of the enzymes that induce plant resistance, which included peroxidase, chitinase and β-glucanase, the enzymatic activity was 2.25, 2.31 and 1.62 units/ml for Albion cultivar, with significant superiority compared to other treatments. The treatment of (R. glutinis - Cs +F) in the presence of the pathogenic fungus recorded the highest vegetative parameters, which included plant height and shoot weight in Albion cultivar, reaching 27.33 cm and 14.66 g, respectively. All treatments of R. glutinis yeast led to a significant superiority in affecting the severity of infection for all studied strawberry cultivars under the infection conditions with the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea, the Albion cultivar achieved the highest decrease in the infection severity reached 17.37% in (R. glutinis - Cs +F with B. cinerea ), while it had the least effect on the severity of infection in the Festival cultivar, reached 95.28% in the treatment of the pathogenic fungus. The yield of strawberry fruits in Albion cultivar was superior compared to other cultivars, as the plant yield reached 68.92 g/plant in the treatment of (R. glutinis-Cs +F with B. cinerea), while the lowest yield was 16.69 g/plant in the Festival cultivar with the pathogenic fungus treatment only. The treatment of yeast filtrate and cells with B. cinerea achieved the lowest infection intensity, the highest hardness and the highest vitamin C content of strawberry fruits after 7 days of harvest, compared to the Prado fungicide treatment and the pathogenic fungus treatment only.
Evaluation of Sticky Traps and Baits in Control of Melon Fly, Dacus frontalis Becker on Melon
Authors: Al-Mtarfi Taher Ibrhim T. , AlShammary Nidaa Saud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Dacus frontalis Becker is known species, being an agricultural pest. It has been attacked Cucumis melo L. Sticky traps and baits have been used as one of effective integrated control methods to monitor different types of insects. It is way to know population density of insects. For sticky traps, the average number of adults of insects caught in yellow, Transparent, blue and red traps was 15.72, 9.50, 4.67, 3.17 adults\ trap\ six weeks respectively. However, for baits, results have been recorded that average numbers of adults caught in traps were 13.67, 10.00, 9.17, 7.75, 50.6, 2.50 adult/trap. The results have been recorded that average numbers of adults caught for bait traps were 38.34, 32.67, 28.33, 17.26, 17.84, 7.84 adult/trap. The effectiveness of yellow traps and Transparent traps has been proven to attract large numbers of adults, as their use on farms is easy, easy to use, low cost, and helps in rationing the use of pesticides, especially if they are expensive. Furthermore, they help us predict the time of appearance of the insect in melon to give a correct time.
Detection of some Volatile Oils using High-Performance Chromatography Technique and Study Antibacterial Activity of Black Seed Extract Nigella sativa L.
Authors: Hussien Madeha H. , Hassoon Ali S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The antibacterial activity of crude extract of Nigella sative extract was studied on the some pathogenic bacteria by using paper disc diffusion. The tested strains were: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and psendomonas aeruginosa. The results were showed that the crude extract produced inhibition zone in all tested bacteria ranging from (20 mm) in S.aureus and MRSA and (12 mm) in P.aureginusa. Some Volatile Oils were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatograph(hplc), and three extraction methods (aqueous, methanol and ethanol) were used. The following Volatile Oils were estimated ((Limonene, Anethole, -α-pinene, Estagole) reached(35.61,86.40,41.69,35.61) sequentially While the aqueous extraction recorded the lowest averages of (30.52, 71.42, 32.82, 25.89). In conclusion, the current article was attitude to assess the effectiveness of N. sativa in front of all prevalent illnesses caused by strains of microorganisms that are drug-resistant.
Performance Evaluation of Two Date Palm Frond Cutting Saws
Authors: Al-Sumaidaee Saif Alden K. Mohammad , Abdul-Munaim Ali Mazin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Traditional tree management is laborious and costly, thus this work aimed to study the performance of two different types of frond cutting saws (reciprocating saw and vibrating saw) and examine the two saws on five date palm varieties. Four parameters were examined, including cutting time for a single frond, the power needed for cutting a single frond, frond cutting productivity expressed as tree/h, and vibration conveyed to the worker’s hand. A field experiment was designed according to the nested randomized complete block design, including five date palm varieties as the main plot and the type of saw as a sub-plot. Means were compared using the least significant differences (LSD 0.05). Results indicated that Bream variety required the least time for frond cutting. The reciprocating saw exhibited efficiency in saving the time required for frond cutting, while the vibrating saw took significantly longer time needed for cutting a single frond. The highest number of fronds cut in one hour was recorded in Bream variety, again significantly higher than the number of other studied varieties. Moreover, the reciprocating saw achieved significantly higher productivity than the vibrating one, indicating that the productivity of the reciprocating saw is almost three times more than the vibrating saw. Maximum productivity was recorded in Bream variety, while the least was recorded in Tebarzal using the vibrating saw. Moreover, results indicate that the variety and the type of saw have a vital role in productivity since as the thickness of a frond increases, the cutting takes more time and ultimately reduces the number of date palms to be pruned per hour. Results also exhibited that vibrating saw reduced the consumed energy during frond cutting. Additionally, results revealed that the minimum power consumed by a vibrating saw was in Bream variety, while Tebarzal consumed the upmost energy when a reciprocating saw was used. Maximum vibration on X-axis was reported in Bream variety when a vibrating saw was used. Additionally, the reciprocating saw exhibited the highest vibration compared with the vibrating saw. Moreover, the reciprocating saw caused the lowest vibration in Tebarzal variety. Results indicated that the vibration imposed by both saws reached the maximum value in Bream variety. The vibrating saw resulted in the higher vibration toward Z axis, while the Reciprocating saw resulted in higher vibration toward X axis, which was more than eight times that recorded by the vibrating saw. Results indicate that vibration toward the Y axis increased significantly in Bream variety compared with others. Again, as in the situation with X and Z axis, the reciprocating saw exhibited the highest vibration compared to that resulted from using a vibrating saw which was more than three times the vibration caused by the vibrating saw.
Mechanization Assessment of Soil Compaction Induced by Traffic of Farm Machinery
Authors: Hussein Shahab A. , Hussein Mahmood A. , Al-Rijabo Saad A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of compacted and non-compacted soils induced by traffic of farm machines and equipment during the agricultural operations on some mechanization properties (e.g. Draught Force, Specific Resistance, Energy Use Efficiency and Soil resistance to cutting and shaping). The experiment was conducted during the spring agricultural season of 2022 in one of the farms that located about 30 km Northwest Mosul city - Nineveh Governorate - Iraq. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for data analyses with four replications (n=4). The experimental site was divided into two main blocks based on the investigated factors (1) two levels of rear tire pressure were tested (8 psi and 15 psi), (2) number of traffic (no traffic, one traffic, two traffics and three traffics). These variables were investigated under two different soil textures (clay soil, silty loam soil). Duncan’s multiple range test was utilized to compare between the means at a 5% probability level. The results showed that CTF system represented by non-trafficked soil has achieved the best values (P< 0.05) for all studied indicators, particularly when practiced under clay soil. Draught force was significantly better with non-trafficked soil compared to the one-traffic, two-traffics and three-traffics by approximately 30%, 33% and 40%, respectively. Energy Use Efficiency was also increased under non-trafficked soil (no-traffic) by approximately 30%, 45%, 48% compared to the one-traffic, two-traffics and three-traffics of farm machinery, respectively. The best values of the investigated indicators were reported when CTF has practiced (no-traffic) in the clay soil using 15 psi tire pressure.
Power Requirements of Shallow and Deep Tillage as Affected by Number of Wheel Traffic
Authors: Al-Dabagh Yazan Tawfiq Ham , Ahmed Luhaib Adnan Abed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Soil compaction is one of the issues that many agricultural lands suffer from, and one of the main reasons for that, is wheel traffic which pass through the field. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of the agricultural machinery traffic and the type of tillage on some of the studied characteristics (drawbar power (DP), wasted power by slippage (WPS), clods greater than 100 mm (CGT)) at soil moisture content of 17-20%. The experiment was conducted during the autumn agricultural season (2022) in Nineveh governorate in Iraq, in silty clay soil. The experiment was designed according to split plot design with four replications. the main plots were allocated to tillage type (shallow tillage, and deep tillage), while the secondary plots were allocated for traffic systems (zero traffic, it represents the controlled traffic framing system (CTF), one time of traffic, two times of traffic, and three times of traffic, they represent the random traffic framing system (RTF)). The results showed that the CTF compared RTF, was significantly reduced all the studied characteristics (DP, WPS and CGT) by percentages (68%, 70%, and 75%) at shallow tillage respectively, and (49%, 67%, and 84%) at deep tillage, respectively.
Financial and Economic Evaluation of Broiler Breeding Projects in Hawija District
Authors: Ahmed Mezher Abdullah , Saleh Ibrahim Mohamed , Hamad Manar Saleh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Iraq suffers from a clear shortage in the production of white meat, and the agricultural sector has not yet been able to bridge the gap between domestic production and demand for it, and a large part of consumption is satisfied through imports. The poor quality that is imported by the private sector due to the state’s preoccupation with other tasks. Therefore, it has become necessary to pay attention to livestock projects, and from here the aim of the study was to conduct an evaluation and economic analysis of the farm, and a set of economic criteria was used for this purpose. The standard of return of the invested dinar achieved (1.30) dinars, which generates a profit of (0.30), and the farm also achieved an economic profit A good value of (118100000) dinars, and here it leads to encouraging investors to undertake such projects, although the prices of inputs and outputs suffer from fluctuation due to local market conditions. The results of the research show the feasibility and efficiency of the farm and the low value of the investment agreement.