bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and quantification of heavy metals in cultivated soils in Kafin Hausa Jigawa State Nigeria using Nigerian research reactor‐1
Authors: Bashir Adamu Suleiman , Faragai Inuwa Aliyu , Yalwa Lawan Musa , Kayode Katibi Kamil , Chiromawa Idris Muhammad , Mikailu Abdullahi , Abubakar Tafida Rabiu , Shitu Ibrahim Garba , Muhammad Aminu , Iya Sani Garba Durumin , Yusuf Yusuf Yakubu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic activities that cause heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils pose a significant health risk to humans who consume contaminated agricultural foods such as rice and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to access the level of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils in Kafin Hausa by analyzing soil samples from five different sampling sites for heavy metals including aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn). A total of 15 soil samples were collected using a soil auger from various locations within Kafin Hausa area, and the concentrations of the collected soil samples were estimated using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique via the Nigeria Research Reactor‐1. The results of the study showed that the mean concentrations of these heavy metals in the sampled soils were within the limits set by the World Health Organization. In addition, pollution indexes such as enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and geo‐accumulation index (Igeo) were adequately determined. The sampling sites were identified to have significant enrichment, except for BR3 which was moderately enriched with Al and Ti, followed by Fe, and had an EF value of 4.87. Mean Igeo values indicated that all the sampling sites were uncontaminated. Furthermore, multivariate statistics revealed a strong positive correlation (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.05) among the investigated metals, suggesting that the major sources of those metals are similar.
Quality Read‐alouds Matter: How you Teach is Just as Important as What you Teach
Authors: Baker Doris Luft , Santoro Lana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript we show how readalouds can significantly enrich student vocabulary and comprehension by demonstrating enhancements that will foster student learning and language development. We anchor our examples to empirical evidence demonstrating that the content of a readaloud (i.e., the what we teach) as well as the quality of the instruction (i.e., the how we teach content during a readaloud) are important and necessary to enhance student learning. We use authentic scenarios to illustrate the difference between a readaloud taught with basic instructional fidelity and a readaloud with basic instructional fidelity that was enhanced with features of instructional quality. Specific steps to action before, during, and after a readaloud using examples from a first grade readaloud science unit are provided.
Decision making on antimicrobial use: Cat and dog owners’ knowledge and preferences for veterinary communication
Authors: Frey Erin , Kedrowicz April , Hedgpeth Mari‐Wells 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVeterinarians' understanding of cat and dog owners’ perceptions about antimicrobial use will enhance their ability to communicate with clients to uphold antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.MethodsA total of 571 cat and dog owners were surveyed via an online platform to understand their antimicrobial knowledge and preferences for veterinary communication in antimicrobial use decision making. Data were analysed descriptively and inferentially to determine relationships between variables.ResultsCat and dog owners’ backgrounds had an impact their antimicrobial knowledge. Women, individuals with a university degree, those with a health/science background and those identifying as white had a higher level of knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Owners’ trust in veterinarians positively impacts adherence to recommendations. Where there was a strong preference for one type of messaging regarding antimicrobial use and stewardship, the owner's background was not predictive of a difference in response.LimitationsThe study population was mostly white, which reflects the US population and the reported distribution of pet owners who own dogs and cats. Respondents may have been susceptible to recall bias and/or social desirability bias.ConclusionVeterinarians should tailor their communication to meet clients’ level of knowledge and rely on competent communication to enhance understanding and facilitate adherence to antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.
Kernel Regulation of Ultra‐stable Cu12 Nanoclusters by Triple Collaborative Ligands
Authors: Ye Pingting , Zhang Hao , Xiang Shengchang , Fan Xi , Wang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Zhangjing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCu clusters are generally unstable and their cluster nuclei are difficult to be controlled. Even minor adjustments in the synthesis of Cu clusters can easily lead to great changes in their cluster nuclei. In this work, we have successfully utilized triple collaborative ligands to obtain a pair of infinitely extended Cu12 cluster‐based chains (Cu12‐1 and Cu12‐2). They have identical Cu12 metal core structures but slightly different coordinated ligands. Both Cu12‐1 and Cu12‐2 show excellent thermal and ambient stability. However, they exhibit diverse room‐temperature photoluminescence phenomena. Crystalline Cu12‐2 displays red‐shifted photoluminescence (637 nm) compared with Cu12‐1 (624 nm) due to the relatively smaller LUMO‐HOMO gap caused by the substituent effect of electro‐withdrawing F atoms. Meanwhile, the substituent effect has influences on electronic structures and electrostatic potentials, thus leading to differences in photoluminescence intensity, PLQY, and lifetime. Crystalline Cu12‐1 displays more intense room‐temperature photoluminescence, higher PLQY and longer lifetime. This work provides a valuable approach for how to prepare highly stable Cu clusters and precisely control their structures to regulate their properties.
Accurate, automated taxonomic assignment of genebank accessions: a new method demonstrated using high-throughput marker data from 10,000 Capsicum spp. accessions
Authors: Rabanus-Wallace M. Timothy , Stein Nils 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Key message
We demonstrate how an algorithm that uses cheap genetic marker data can ensure the taxonomic assignments of genebank samples are complete, intuitive, and consistent—which enhances their value.

Abstract
To maximise the benefit of genebank resources, accurate and complete taxonomic assignments are imperative. The rise of genebank genomics allows genetic methods to be used to ensure this, but these need to be largely automated since the number of samples dealt with is too great for efficient manual recategorisation, however no clearly optimal method has yet arisen. A recent landmark genebank genomic study sequenced over 10,000 genebank accessions of peppers (Capsicum spp.), a species of great commercial, cultural, and scientific importance, which suffers from much taxonomic ambiguity. Similar datasets will, in coming decades, be produced for hundreds of plant taxa, affording a perfect opportunity to develop automated taxonomic correction methods in advance of the incipient genebank genomics explosion, alongside providing insights into pepper taxonomy in general. We present a marker-based taxonomic assignment approach that combines ideas from several standard classification algorithms, resulting in a highly flexible and customisable classifier suitable to impose intuitive assignments, even in highly reticulated species groups with complex population structures and evolutionary histories. Our classifier performs favourably compared with key alternative methods. Possible sensible alterations to pepper taxonomy based on the results are proposed for discussion by the relevant communities.
Effect of chronic low-dose treatment with chitooligosaccharides on microbial dysbiosis and inflammation associated chronic ulcerative colitis in Balb/c mice
Authors: Rajesh K M , Kinra Manas , Ranadive Niraja , Pawaskar Goutam Mohan , Mudgal Jayesh , Raval Ritu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the potential of low dose chitooligosaccharide (COS) in ameliorating dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced chronic colitis by regulating microbial dysbiosis and pro-inflammatory responses. Chronic colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by DSS (4% w/v, 3 cycles of 5 days) administration. The mice were divided into four groups: vehicle, DSS, DSS + mesalamine and DSS+COS. COS and mesalamine were administered orally, daily once, from day 1 to day 30 at a dose of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively. The disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histopathological score, microbial composition, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were evaluated. COS (20 mg/kg, COSLow) administration reduced the disease activity index, and colon shortening, caused by DSS significantly. Furthermore, COSLow restored the altered microbiome in the gut and inhibited the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) in the colon against DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. Moreover, COSLow treatment improved the probiotic microflora thereby restoring the gut homeostasis. In conclusion, this is the first study where microbial dysbiosis and pro-inflammatory responses were modulated by chronic COSLow treatment against DSS-induced chronic colitis in Balb/c mice. Therefore, COS supplementation at a relatively low dose could be efficacious for chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Electrical stimulation plus biofeedback improves urination function, pelvic floor function, and distress after reconstructive surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lv Aiming , Gai Tianzi , Zhang Sichen , Feng Qing , Li Ye 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study is aimed at assessing the effect of postoperative electrical stimulation (ES) plus biofeedback therapy on patient rehabilitation after pelvic floor reconstructive surgery.

Methods
Patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who had received pelvic floor reconstructive surgery were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the control group at a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the control group received routine postoperative nursing care. Patients in the intervention group underwent ES plus biofeedback therapy. The outcomes included the recovery of urination function, the improvement of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength, and the change of Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Questionnaire-20 (PFDI-20) scores. The study outcomes were evaluated at pre-intervention (T0, 2 months after surgery), 3 months after surgery (T1), and 6 months after surgery (T2).

Results
A total of 60 patients with POP were included in this study. For the urination function evaluation, the intervention group had a higher recovered rate than the control group at the time point of T2 (p = 0.038). For the EMG results, the changes of flick-max and tonic-mean values from T0 to T2 were much higher in the intervention group comparing to the control group. Corresponding to the EMG results, digital palpation showed that intervention group had a much higher proportion of patients who had elevated PFM strength. Furthermore, the intervention group also had more significant PFDI-20 score improvements compared with control group.

Conclusions
Postoperative ES plus biofeedback therapy could significantly improve urination function, PFM strength, and patient’s reported QoL.

Trial registration
Clinical registration number: hiCTR2000032432.
Acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise and cardiovascular complications and sleep disturbance—results from a pooled analysis of human field studies
Authors: Hahad Omar , Schmidt Frank P. , Hübner Jonas , Foos Patrick , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Schmitt Volker H. , Hobohm Lukas , Keller Karsten , Große-Dresselhaus Christina , Schmeißer Julian , Koppe-Schmeißer Franziska , Vosseler Markus , Gilan Donya , Schulz Andreas , Chalabi Julian , Wild Philipp S. , Daiber Andreas , Herzog Johannes , Münzel Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
A series of human field studies demonstrated that acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise is associated with cardiovascular complications and sleep disturbance, including endothelial dysfunction, increased blood pressure, and impaired sleep quality. A pooled analysis of these results remains to be established and is of tremendous interest to consolidate scientific knowledge.

Methods
We analyzed data from four randomized crossover studies (published between 2013 to 2021 and conducted at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany). A total of 275 subjects (40.4% women, mean age 43.03 years) were each exposed to one control scenario (regular background noise) and at least to one traffic noise scenario (60 aircraft or train noise events) in their homes during nighttime. After each night, the subjects visited the study center for comprehensive cardiovascular function assessment, including the measurement of endothelial function and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters, as well as sleep-related variables.

Results
The pooled analysis revealed a significantly impaired endothelial function when comparing the two different noise sequences (0–60 vs. 60–0 simulated noise events, mean difference in flow-mediated dilation −2.00%, 95% CI −2.32; −1.68, p < 0.0001). In concordance, mean arterial pressure was significantly increased after traffic noise exposure (mean difference 2.50 mmHg, 95% CI 0.54; 4.45, p = 0.013). Self-reported sleep quality, the restfulness of sleep, and feeling in the morning were significantly impaired after traffic noise exposure (all p < 0.0001).

Discussion
Acute exposure to simulated nocturnal traffic noise is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased mean arterial pressure, and sleep disturbance.
Projective lag quasi-synchronization of coupled systems with mixed delays and parameter mismatch: a unified theory
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Heiland Jan , Benner Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the projective lag quasi-synchronization by feedback control of a coupled dynamical system with delays and parameter mismatches on arbitrary time domains. Being formulated on time scales, our results are valid simultaneously for continuous- and discrete-time models as well as for any non-standard time domain. Furthermore, the controller design respects the structure of the equations so that we can characterize the stabilization by a limited controller action. Our proofs rely on the unified matrix-measure theory and the generalized Halanay inequality on time scales. We validate our theoretical results with several simulation examples on various time domains.
Solid-State $$\mathrm {^3He}$$ NMR of the Superconducting Rubidium Endofulleride $$\mathrm {Rb_3(^3He@C_{60})}$$
Authors: Soundararajan Murari , Bacanu George R. , Giustiniano Francesco , Walkey Mark C. , Hoffman Gabriela , Carravetta Marina , Lees Martin R. , Whitby Richard J. , Levitt Malcolm H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new variant of the superconducting fulleride Rb$$_3$$

3

C$$_{60}$$

60

is presented, with $$^3$$

3

He atoms encapsulated in the C$$_{60}$$

60

cages. The $$^3$$

3

He nuclei act as sensitive NMR probes embedded in the material. The superconducting and normal states are characterized by $$^3$$

3

He NMR. Evidence is found for coexisting vortex liquid and vortex solid phases below the superconducting transition temperature. A strong dependence of the spin–lattice relaxation time constant on spectral frequency is observed in the superconducting state, as revealed by two-dimensional NMR utilizing an inverse Laplace transform. Surprisingly, this phenomenon persists, in attenuated form, at temperatures well above the superconducting transition.
Quantifying Liquid-Solid Mass Transfer in a Trickle Bed Using $${T}_{2}-{T}_{2}$$ Relaxation Exchange NMR
Authors: Elgersma Scott V. , Zheng Qingyuan , Avrantinis Nikolaos , Sederman Andrew J. , Mantle Michael D. , Gladden Lynn F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasurement of the liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient within a trickle bed (i.e. gas-liquid flow within a packed bed) of porous silica pellets is achieved through the use of $${T}_{2}-{T}_{2}$$

T
2

-

T
2

relaxation exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared to many conventional measurement techniques, the NMR method enables measurement of mass transport using pellets of real commercial interest. Mass transfer coefficients measured using the NMR technique over a range of liquid Reynolds number, 0.2 $$\le R{e}_{\mathrm{L}}\le $$

≤
R

e
L

≤

1.4, are compared to a number of literature correlations, with values measured using the NMR method falling within the range predicted by the correlations. The results demonstrate the importance of considering both the flow conditions and the type of pellets used to develop mass transport correlations in trickle beds. This novel NMR application may be utilized in the future to screen catalyst pellets in trickle beds for optimal mass transport properties.
Assessing the remaining carbon budget through the lens of policy-driven acidification and temperature targets
Authors: Avrutin Sandy , Goodwin Philip , Ezard Thomas H. G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Basing a remaining carbon budget on warming targets is subject to uncertainty due to uncertainty in the relationship between carbon emissions and warming. Framing emissions targets using a warming target therefore may not prevent dangerous change throughout the entire Earth system. Here, we use a climate emulator to constrain a remaining carbon budget that is more representative of the entire Earth system by using a combination of both warming and ocean acidification targets. The warming targets considered are the Paris Agreement targets of 1.5 and 2 °C; the acidification targets are −0.17 and −0.21 pH units, informed by aragonite saturation states where coral growth begins to be compromised. The aim of the dual targets is to prevent not only damage associated with warming, but damage to corals associated with atmospheric carbon and ocean acidification. We find that considering acidification targets in conjunction with warming targets narrows the uncertainty in the remaining carbon budget, especially in situations where the acidification target is more stringent than, or of similar stringency to, the warming target. Considering a strict combination of the two more stringent targets (both targets of 1.5 °C warming and −0.17 acidification must be met), the carbon budget ranges from −74.0 to 129.8PgC. This reduces uncertainty in the carbon budget from by 29% (from 286.2PgC to 203.8PgC). This reduction comes from reducing the high-end estimate of the remaining carbon budget derived from just a warming target. Assuming an emissions rate held constant since 2021 (which is a conservative assumption), the budget towards both targets was either spent by 2019 or will be spent by 2026.

Plain language summary
The relationship between atmospheric CO2 and warming is uncertain, which means that we do not know precisely how much carbon we have left to emit until we reach the Paris Agreement warming targets of 1.5 and 2 °C. However, the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and ocean acidification is better understood, so by considering targets for acidification rather than warming alone, we can narrow down our estimate of how much emitted carbon is acceptable. Including acidification targets as well as warming targets means that we can directly address the issue of ocean acidification, which poses a threat to corals and the ecosystems reliant on them. By considering acidification and warming targets together, we can lower uncertainty in acceptable carbon emissions by 29%.
What is a heat(wave)? An interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Boni Zofia , Bieńkowska Zofia , Chwałczyk Franciszek , Jancewicz Barbara , Marginean Iulia , Serrano Paloma Yáñez 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExcessive summer heat is becoming people’s daily reality creating an urgency to understand heatwaves and their consequences better. This article suggests an interdisciplinary analytical framework of heat(waves) as multiple objects. It brings together data and perspectives from social anthropology, sociology, climate science, epidemiology, and meteorology to map the gaps in knowledge about heat(waves) and their impacts on one of the most vulnerable groups: older adults. Based on research in Poland and Spain, we look at heat(waves) as simultaneously individual experiences, biophysical changes, and socio-political phenomena. Climatologists and meteorologists define heat(waves) as prolonged episodes of abnormally high temperatures. Epidemiologists perceive heat(waves) through raising morbidity and mortality rates. For policymakers, they are an emergency defined by duration and temperature thresholds. Older adults living in Warsaw and Madrid recognize a heat(wave) when they feel it in their bodies, when they cannot sleep, or when they need to change their daily routines. Such differently situated scientific definitions and embodied knowledge stem not only from varied epistemological perspectives but demonstrate that heat(waves) are ontologically different. By looking at convergences and divergences between these perspectives, we see that the length of heat(waves) varies and that older adults often experience longer periods of excessive heat than climate measurements or policy alerts indicate; that the impact of nighttime temperatures is more important than daily temperatures; and that there is a discrepancy between heat(waves) as anomalies and as increasingly common events. The article addresses an important gap between biophysical definitions of heatwaves and the experiences of the most vulnerable groups.
Framed cohomological Hall algebras and cohomological stable envelopes
Authors: Botta Tommaso Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere are multiple conjectures relating the cohomological Hall algebras (CoHAs) of certain substacks of the moduli stack of representations of a quiver Q to the Yangian $$Y^{Q}_\textrm{MO}$$

Y
MO
Q

by Maulik–Okounkov, whose construction is based on the notion of stable envelopes of Nakajima varieties. In this article, we introduce the cohomological Hall algebra of the moduli stack of framed representations of a quiver Q (framed CoHA), and we show that the equivariant cohomology of the disjoint union of the Nakajima varieties $${\mathcal {M}}_Q(\text {v},\text {w})$$

M
Q

(
v
,
w
)

for all dimension vectors $$\text {v}$$
v
and framing vectors $$\text {w}$$
w
has a canonical structure of subalgebra of the framed CoHA. Restricted to this subalgebra, the algebra multiplication is identified with the stable envelope map. As a corollary, we deduce an explicit inductive formula to compute stable envelopes in terms of tautological classes.