bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q-learning-based migration leading to spontaneous emergence of segregation
Authors: He Zhixue , Geng Yini , Du Chunpeng , Shi Lei , Wang Zhen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding population segregation and aggregation is a critical topic in social science. However, the mechanisms behind segregation are not well understood, especially in the context of conflicting profits. Here, in the context of evolutionary game theory, we study segregation by extending the prisoner’s dilemma game to mobile populations. In the extended model, individuals’ types are distinguished by their strategies, which may change adaptively according to their associated payoffs. In addition, individuals’ migration decisions are determined by the Q-learning algorithm. On the one hand, we find that such a simple extension allows the formation of three different types of spontaneous segregation: (a) environmentally selective segregation; (b) exclusionary segregation; and (c) subgroup segregation. On the other hand, adaptive migration enhances network reciprocity and enables the dominance of cooperation in a dense population. The formation of these types of segregation and the enhanced network reciprocity are related to individuals’ peer preference and profit preference. Our findings shed light on the importance of adaptive migration in self-organization processes and contribute to the understanding of segregation formation processes in evolving populations.
DFT study of electronic, optical, and elastic properties of double perovskites Rb2YAgX6 (X = Br, I) compounds for opto-electronic device applications
Authors: Manzoor Mumtaz , Noor N A , Iqbal M Waqas , Rashid M , Ullah Hamid , Dahshan A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been used to investigate the electrical, optical, and elastic characteristics of double perovskites Rb2YAgX6 (X = Br, I) halides for exploring their opto-electronic applications. For optimizing the lattice constants and structure parameters, we have fitted the Murnaghan equation of state to the total energies computed for a wide range of lattice volumes. For the ground state lattice constants, the computed electronic band structure diagrams show indirect wide band gaps of 4.2 eV and 3.2 eV for Rb2YAgBr6 and Rb2YAgI6, respectively. Our results indicate that both of the studied halides absorb electromagnetic radiations beyond the visible region and are therefore appear potential candidates for optoelectronic applications in the ultraviolet rage of spectrum. The mechanical stability and ductility of the two halides are examined in terms of the elastic constants. Our results clearly demonstrate that the device application potential of these double perovskite halides is interesting owing to their high mechanical stability and hardness.
Diffuse x-ray and gamma-ray limits on boson stars that interact with nuclei
Authors: Acevedo Javier F. , Bhoonah Amit , Bramante Joseph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLight bosonic dark matter can form gravitationally bound states known as boson stars. In this work, we explore a new signature of these objects interacting with the interstellar medium (ISM). We show how small effective couplings between the bosonic dark matter and the nucleon lead to a potential that accelerates ISM baryons as they transit the boson star, making the ISM within radiate at a high rate and energy. The low ISM density, however, implies the majority of Galactic boson stars will be too faint to be observable through this effect. By contrast, the diffuse photon flux, in hard x-rays and soft gamma-rays, produced by boson stars interacting with the ionized ISM phases can be sizable. We compute this diffuse flux and compare it to existing observations from HEAO-1, INTEGRAL and COMPTEL to infer limits on the fraction of these objects. This novel method places constraints on boson star dark matter while avoiding back-action effects from ambient baryons on the boson star configuration, unlike terrestrial searches where it has been noted that back-action can screen light bosonic fields. In addition, this study could be extended to other couplings and structures formed from light dark matter. For dark matter masses (10-14, 10-8) eV and boson star masses (10-10, 10-1)M⊙, we find the constraints on the fraction can go down to f*≲ 10-9for dark matter in boson stars that is directly coupled to the Standard Model.
Control of resistive wall modes in the spherical tokamak
Authors: Xia Guoliang , Liu Yueqiang , Hender T.C. , McClements K.G. , Trier E. , Tholerus E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, the MARS-F/K codes (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681; Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas
15 112503) are utilized to model the passive and active control of the n= 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) in a spherical tokamak (aspect ratio A = 1.66). It is found that passive stabilization of the RWM gives a relatively small increase in normalized beta above the no-wall limit, relying on toroidal plasma flow and drift kinetic resonance damping from both thermal and energetic particles. Results of active control show that with the flux-to-voltage control scheme, which is the basic choice, a proportional controller alone does not yield complete stabilization of the mode. Adding a modest derivative action, and assuming an ideal situation without any noise in the closed-loop, the RWM can be fully stabilized with the axial plasma flow at 5% of the Alfvén speed. In the presence of sensor signal noise, success rates exceeding 90% are achieved, and generally increase with the proportional feedback gain. On the other hand, the required control coil voltage also increases with feedback gain and with the sensor signal noise.
Short time extremal response to step stimulus for a single cell E. coli
Authors: Chatterjee Sakuntala 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
After application of a step stimulus, in the form of a sudden change in attractant environment, the receptor activity and tumbling bias of an E. coli cell change sharply to reach their extremal values before they gradually relax to their post-stimulus adapted levels in the long time limit. We perform numerical simulations and exact calculations to investigate the short time response of the cell. For both activity and tumbling bias, we exactly derive the condition for extremal response and find good agreement with simulations. We also make experimentally verifiable prediction that there is an optimum size of the step stimulus at which the extremal response is reached in the shortest possible time.
Data Driven Disaggregation Method for Electricity Based Energy Consumption for Smart Homes
Authors: Hussain Asad , Cimaglia Jacopo , Romano Sabrina , Mancini Francesco , Re Valerio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sustainable energy systems must be capable of ensuring sustainable development by providing affordable and reliable energy to consumers. Hence, knowledge and understanding of energy consumption in the residential sector are indispensable for energy preservation and energy efficiency which can only be possible with the help of consumer participation. New energy efficiency methods are developed due to the global adoption of smart meters that monitor and communicate residential energy consumption. Moreover, energy monitoring of each appliance is not feasible, as it is a costly solution. Therefore, energy consumption disaggregation is an answer for cost-cutting and energy saving. Contrary to the non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) approaches, which are based on high-frequency power signals, we propose a data-driven algorithm that requires only a time-series energy meter dataset, a few appliances’ data, and energy consumption data from a consumer-based online questionnaire. Afterward, the proposed algorithm disaggregates whole house energy consumption into nine different energy consumption sectors such as lighting, kitchen, cooling, heating, etc. The energy consumption disaggregation algorithm is applied to datasets of 10 homes under experimentation. One of the homes provides us with the knowledge of 96.8% energy consumption, where only 28% knowledge is reported by monitoring plugs and 68% knowledge obtained by unmonitored means. Finally, the energy consumption obtained by the algorithm is compared with actual energy consumption, which shows the excellent functioning of the developed method.
Hygrothermal evaluation of sustainable insulating panels
Authors: Liuzzi Stefania , D’Alessandro Marialuisa , Martellotta Francesco , Rubino Chiara , Stefanizzi Pietro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interest in sustainable building materials is recently growing up due to the environmental pollution and the consequent need to reduce energy consumption. The building sector alone is responsible of the major share of the total energy expenditure mainly due to the indoor heating and cooling. This huge amount of energy can be reduced by choosing efficient thermal insulators based on renewable and natural sources. Among the bio-based components the by-products derived from the wood industry or, alternatively, from the food industry residues can represents a serious challenge towards the revaluation of wastes. On the other side the use of paper pulp originated from recycled paper and cardboard can be considered a valid alternative to the traditional components currently present on market. Here an effort has been made to realize a sustainable insulting panel using different recycled components: paper pulp, coffee pods and sawdust powder. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the thermal performances of the recycled-waste based panels. The measurements of the dry-state thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusivity and the volumetric heat capacity were performed by a transient plane source device. Furthermore, a numerical simulation was carried out to perform the hygrothermal behaviour of the best mix for the final experimental insulation panel.
The Thermal Network Approach to Model Occupants’ Heat and CO2 Generation Interactions: A Case Study in an Office Building in Panama
Authors: González Jinela , Mora Dafni , Austin Miguel Chen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This investigation proposes a methodology to predict indoor air temperature and CO2 levels. For this, a two-occupant office inside a building in the Technological University of Panama is taken as a case study and modeled in Designbuilder simulation software validated via experimental data. Here, a mathematical model that considers internal heat gains by the occupants and CO2 emissions, including physical characteristics and activities developed, is constructed via the thermal network (RC) and system identification approaches. Three linear grey-box models are identified: a 4R2C for cooling system mode, a 3R2C for natural ventilation conditions, and a 1R1C for CO2 model. The results showed that the identified model is useful for estimating the indoor air temperature under both modes: “natural ventilation on” and “cooling system on,” in separated situations. Thus, it is determined that by incorporating the internal heat gain generated by the occupant in the model identification process, the data set is closer to real values than implementing a standard value as suggested by the literature. On the contrary, the CO2 model allowed an approximation between estimated and real data, but this prediction must be developed in a non-linear model for better results.
Decision-Making Approach based on Multi-objective Optimization to Achieve Net-Zero Energy Neighborhoods through Retrofit in a Tropical Climate
Authors: Chung-Camargo Katherine , Chacón Lorena , Austin Miguel Chen , Castaño Carmen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Among the main causes of environmental deterioration worldwide, buildings are among those responsible for a large percentage of energy-related CO2 emissions. Because of this, finding solutions to this problem is necessary. This research project involves building the energy model of a neighbourhood located in Panama, Herrera province. The main elements were classified and systematized using DesignBuilder and then implemented in an optimization analysis that seeks to approximate the NZED standard. The optimization’s main objectives were to maintain or improve thermal comfort, reducing energy consumption to the lowest possible. The best design options were those given by the method of essential design variables determined in the sensitivity analysis. It was possible to conclude that combining changes in occupant behavior with specific changes in the envelope leads to a more efficient reduction in electricity consumption. Because they lead to a significant reduction in consumption without involving the cost of the total modification of the envelope, with these modifications, a reduction in electricity consumption of 52,852 kWh/year was obtained at a renovation cost of B/.19,890.00 with a recovery period of seven years.
Comparison of different heating generator systems to reduce energy consumption in social housing in a Mediterranean climate.
Authors: Vallati A , Fiorini C V , Oclon P , Grignaffini S. , Di Matteo M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study analyses the energy consumption of a social housing built in the 80’s. This building typology is deteriorating over time with increased energy consumption for air conditioning and indoor comfort that is well below the standard. This typology is also widely diffused in the city’s building stock, especially in its suburbs. Thus, the energy efficiency of public social housing represents a major concern for the Italian national scene, and its improvement represents an effort of critical importance. However, public funding is significantly reduced compared to the past and. In addition, it is often difficult to act on passive systems, such as installing thermal insulation, or replacing terminal units inside apartments. In these cases, as an energy retrofit, it may be appropriate to evaluate the possibility of preserving as much of the existing distribution and supply system as possible, while modifying the thermal energy generation system. In general, where the boiler is not obsolescent, the idea is to propose a hybrid generation system with the inclusion of a heat pump (HHP), which could be implemented with renewable energy equipment, properly installed in the building. The main goal of the present work was to evaluate through dynamic analysis different HVAC scenarios, to assess the optimal configuration of the system for residential use. The results show that a hybrid system can lower the primary energy consumption up to 28%, thus allowing the employment of renewable energies within the social housing building stock.
Detailed CFD transient heat transfer modelling in a brake friction system
Authors: Orlandi Francesco , Milani Massimo , Montorsi Luca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a brake system the contact between the friction grooves of the discs and the steel elements leads to a consistent heat dissipation that is excised by the oil thermal vector in its flowing along the grooves channels. These are very complicated physical system were many variables may be taken in consideration, first of all the extensive integration of the different time scheduling actions that take place and that characterizes the translation of the interacting bodies and the correspondent deceleration, and also the heat dissipation derived from this contact. The simulations of similar physical system may result in too expensive computational efforts leading to very complicated simulations that need to take in account an extensive coupling between many physics, first of all the solid/liquid heat transfer and then the turbulence and the bi-phase models for the oil/air mixture that serves as thermal refrigerator vector in the braking system. Herein a simplified 3D model that focuses only on a discs / piston coupling is presented were the braking action is simulated in a simplified way modelling the velocity of rotation of the elements and the dissipated heat during the braking cycle. Focusing on the grooves channels the oil flows and thermal averaged flows are presented and detail contours are used to characterise a single brake event.
Economic-Comparative Study for Carbon Neutrality During Ships Docking and in Port Operations: A Path Towards Maritime Sector Decarbonization
Authors: Di Micco S. , Silvestri L. , Forcina A. , Jannelli E. , Minutillo M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) reports, the maritime sector was responsible for around 2% of global energy-related Carbon Dioxide (CO2eq) emissions in 2020 (i.e., 714 Mton). Currently, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is used for supplying main and auxiliary Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) on board ships, therefore it is responsible for local and global pollution. As matter of fact, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur, and nitrogen, making emission upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. In order to reduce pollution in maritime sector, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has prohibited ships using of HFO in ports. In this purpose, new solutions involving cleaner fuels as well as new propulsion technologies are needed.
This paper is aimed to evaluate the environmental advantages that can be reached by replacing the HFO with low emission fuels and alternative power technologies. In particular, three cases have been investigated: i) ICEs fed by diesel, ii) Fuel Cell Systems fed by “Yellow” hydrogen, iii) Fuel Cell Systems fed by “Green” hydrogen. The analysis has been carried out by applying the Well-to-Waves (WTW) method for estimating and comparing the avoided CO2eq and NOx emissions. Moreover, the economic feasibility has been carried out by estimating the investment and operating costs.
Performance and Emissions Comparison between Biomethane and Natural Gas Fuel in Passenger Vehicles: results of the third testing campaign
Authors: Cignini Fabio , Genovese Antonino , Ortenzi Fernando , Valentini Stefano , Caprioli Alberto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper shows the results of the third (and last) campaign in the BiomethER project (EU-LIFE). It aimed to achieve two newest bio-methane production plants in the Emilia Romagna region (Italy). This manuscript reports the measurements of emission and performance for the vehicles tested, as widely described in the previous papers. So, three passenger cars are fuelled with conventional natural gas and bio-methane from a BiomethER plant. The emissions and performances on the chassis dynamometer for each vehicle have been measured. Inspecting the combustion chambers of the engines allows for evaluating their wear condition. This campaign confirms the results achieved in the previous two campaigns; there are no appreciable deviations for fuel consumption, greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions between the two gases. The inspection reveals that biomethane reduces the carbon deposits in combustion chambers compared to natural gas in national infrastructure.
Accelerometer-based SOC estimation methodology for combustion control applied to Gasoline Compression Ignition
Authors: Silvagni G. , Ravaglioli V. , Ponti F. , Corti E. , Moro D. , Brusa A. , Cavina N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The European Community’s recent decision to suspend the marketing of cars with conventional fossil-fueled internal combustion engines from 2035 requires new solutions, based on carbon-neutral technologies, that ensure equivalent performances in terms of reliability, trip autonomy, refueling times and end-of-life disposal of components compared to those of current gasoline or diesel cars. The use of bio-fuels and hydrogen, which can be obtained by renewable energy sources, coupled with high-efficiency combustion methodologies might allow to reach the carbon neutrality of transports (net-zero carbon dioxide emissions) even using the well-known internal combustion engine technology. Bearing this in mind, experiments were carried out on compression ignited engines running on gasoline (GCI) with a high thermal efficiency which, in the future, could be easily adapted to run on a bio-fuel. Despite the well-reported benefits of GCI engines in terms of efficiency and pollutant emissions, combustion instability hinders the diffusion of these engines for industrial applications. A possible solution to stabilize GCI combustion is the use of multiple injections strategies, typically composed by 2 early injected fuel jests followed by the main injection. The heat released by the combustion of the earlier fuel jets allows to reduce the ignition delay of the main injection, directly affecting both delivered torque and center of combustion. As a result, to properly manage GCI engines, a stable and reliable combustion of the pre-injections is mandatory. In this paper, an estimation methodology of the start of combustion (SOC) position, based on the analysis of the signal coming from an accelerometer sensor mounted on the engine block, is presented (the optimal sensor positioning is also discussed). A strong correlation between the SOC calculated from the accelerometer and that obtained from the analysis of the rate of heat release (RoHR) was identified. As a result, the estimated SOC could be used to feedback an adaptive closed-loop combustion control algorithm, suitable to improve the stability of the whole combustion process.
In-Cylinder Pressure Estimation in a Multi-Cylinder Engine by Combining the Instantaneous Crankshaft Speed Data and a 0D Thermodynamic Model. Numerical Validation
Authors: Catalani I , Bosi L , Baroni A , Romani L , Vichi G , Bellissima A , Asai G , Minamino R , Ferrara G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modern engines require continuous and detailed monitoring in order to minimize variations in performance and emissions during their operation. To this aim, the engine thermodynamic cycle must be brought into focus, with special emphasis on the combustion process.
The in-cylinder pressure is the parameter that is most directly associated with the engine thermodynamic cycle. Direct measurements by means of dynamic pressure sensors are commonly used for research and development purpose. Currently, however, the cost and intrusiveness of such sensors, together with the harsh operating conditions that limits their lifetime, make direct measurements of the in-cylinder pressure not yet suitable for mass production applications. As a consequence, there’s great interest in developing cost-effective and reliable alternative solutions to extract pressure trace and combustion indicators such as the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP).
The paper presents a technique for reconstructing the pressure cycle of each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine by combining the instantaneous crankshaft speed information and a 0D thermodynamic model. Crankshaft position, angular velocity and angular acceleration, coupled with the engine inertia, are used to estimate the effective torque oscillation. The average indicated torque and the combustion torque contribution of each cylinder are then evaluated by coupling the information coming from engine speed and the 0D model. Eventually, through the kinematic relationship between the effective torque and the indicated pressure, the in-cylinder pressure trace is reconstructed.
The methodology proposed by the authors allows to evaluate the indicated pressure of each cylinder: this is especially useful for detecting cylinder-to-cylinder variations and misfiring events. Data from a 1D calibrated numerical model of a four-cylinder engine is used for preliminary validation at different engine speeds and loads.