bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition for Evaluating Tumor Metastatic Potential via Targeted Biosynthetic Gas Vesicles
Authors: Hao Yongsheng , Li Zhenzhou , Luo Jingna , Li Lingling , Yan Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells is recognized as the main driver to promote metastasis. Extensive researches suggest that gradually decreased E‐cadherin (E‐cad) and increased N‐cadherin (N‐cad) exist in the tumor cells during the EMT process. However, there still lacks suitable imaging methods to monitor the status of EMT for evaluating tumor metastatic potentials. Herein, the E‐cad‐targeted and N‐cad‐targeted gas vesicles (GVs) are developed as the acoustic probes to monitor the EMT status in tumor. The resulting probes have ≈200 nm particle size and good tumor cell targeting performance. Upon systemic administration, E‐cad‐GVs and N‐cad‐GVs can traverse through blood vessels and bind to the tumor cells, producing strong contrast imaging signals in comparison with the nontargeted GVs. The contrast imaging signals correlate well with the expression levels of E‐cad and N‐cad and tumor metastatic ability. This study provides a new strategy to noninvasively monitor the EMT status and help to evaluate tumor metastatic potential in vivo.
Architecting FeNx on High Graphitization Carbon for High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction by Regulating d‐Band Center
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Wen Yandi , Han Guokang , Kong Fanpeng , Du Lei , Ma Yulin , Zuo Pengjian , Du Chunyu , Yin Geping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFe single atoms and N co‐doped carbon nanomaterials (Fe‐N‐C) are the most promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts to replace platinum group metals. However, high‐activity Fe single‐atom catalysts suffer from poor stability owing to the low graphitization degree. Here, an effective phase‐transition strategy is reported to enhance the stability of Fe‐N‐C catalysts by inducing increased degree of graphitization and incorporation of Fe nanoparticles encapsulated by graphitic carbon layer without sacrificing activity. Remarkably, the resulted Fe@Fe‐N‐C catalysts achieved excellent ORR activity (E1/2 = 0.829 V) and stability (19 mV loss after 30K cycles) in acid media. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations agree with experimental phenomena that additional Fe nanoparticles not only favor to the activation of O2 by tailoring d‐band center position but also inhibit the demetallization of Fe active center from FeN4 sites. This work provides a new insight into the rational design of highly efficient and durable Fe‐N‐C catalysts for ORR.
Perforated Carbon Nanotube Film Assisted Growth of Uniform Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Guo Jing , Peng Ruixuan , Zhang Xiaolong , Xin Zeqin , Wang Enze , Wu Yonghuang , Li Chenyu , Fan Shoushan , Shi Run , Liu Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScaling up the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is in high demand for practical applications. However, for CVD‐grown TMDCs on a large scale, there are many existing factors that result in their poor uniformity. In particular, gas flow, which usually leads to inhomogeneous distributions of precursor concentrations, has yet to be well controlled. In this work, the growth of uniform monolayer MoS2 on a large scale by the delicate control of gas flows of precursors, which is realized by vertically aligning a well‐designed perforated carbon nanotube (p‐CNT) film face‐to‐face with the substrate in a horizontal tube furnace, is achieved. The p‐CNT film releases gaseous Mo precursor from the solid part and allows S vapor to pass through the hollow part, resulting in uniform distributions of both gas flow rate and precursor concentrations near the substrate. Simulation results further verify that the well‐designed p‐CNT film guarantees a steady gas flow and a uniform spatial distribution of precursors. Consequently, the as‐grown monolayer MoS2 shows quite good uniformity in geometry, density, structure, and electrical properties. This work provides a universal pathway for the synthesis of large‐scale uniform monolayer TMDCs, and will advance their applications in high‐performance electronic devices.
Sonographic localisation and description of inguinofemoral lymph nodes in patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fenech Michelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSonographic imaging of the inguinofemoral lymph nodes can be performed in patients with vulvar cancer to discriminate between normal (benign and reactive) and malignant appearing lymph nodes. A systematic sonographic protocol for imaging inguinofemoral lymph nodes is not commonly used, but could aid in homogenising the reporting of lymph node location and status. This paper unpacks the relative anatomy of the inguinofemoral lymph nodes. A protocol outlining the sonographic assessment of inguinofemoral lymph nodes and the criteria to use to guide the reporting of their size, shape, echogenicity and vascular architecture is discussed.
Double aortic arch: implications of antenatal diagnosis, differential growth of arches during pregnancy, associated abnormalities and postnatal outcome
Authors: Bartsota M. , Jowett V. , Manuel D. , Mortensen K. , Wolfenden J. , Marek J. , Carvalho J. S. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the prenatal characteristics of double aortic arch (DAA), assess the relative size of the arches and their growth during pregnancy, describe associated cardiac, extracardiac and chromosomal/genetic abnormalities and review postnatal presentation and clinical outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all fetuses with a confirmed diagnosis of DAA seen in five specialized referral centers in London, UK, between October 2012 and November 2019. Cases were identified from the hospitals' fetal databases. Fetal echocardiographic findings, intracardiac and extracardiac abnormalities, genetic defects, computed tomography (CT) findings and postnatal clinical presentation and outcome were evaluated.ResultsA total of 79 fetuses with DAA were included. Of those assessed postnatally, 48.6% had an atretic left aortic arch (LAA), while 5.1% had an atretic LAA at the first fetal scan and were misdiagnosed antenatally with right aortic arch (RAA). The LAA was atretic in 55.8% of those who underwent CT. DAA was an isolated abnormality in 91.1% of cases; 8.9% of patients had an additional intracardiac abnormality and 2.5% had both intra‐ and extracardiac abnormalities. Among the 52 cases that underwent genetic testing, 11.5% had genetic abnormalities and, specifically, the 22q11 microdeletion was identified in 3.8% of patients. At a median follow‐up of 993.5 days, 42.5% of patients had developed symptoms of tracheoesophageal compression (5.5% during the first month after birth) and 56.2% had undergone intervention. Statistical analysis using the χ‐square test showed no significant relationship between morphology of DAA (patency of both aortic arches vs atretic LAA) and the need for intervention (P = 0.134), development of vascular ring symptoms (P = 0.350) or evidence of airway compression on CT (P = 0.193).ConclusionsMost cases of DAA can be diagnosed easily at midgestation, as typically both arches are patent with a dominant RAA at this stage. However, we found that the LAA had become atretic in approximately half of the cases postnatally, supporting the theory of differential growth of the arches during pregnancy. DAA is usually an isolated abnormality; however, thorough assessment is required to exclude associated intra‐ and extracardiac anomalies and to determine the need for invasive prenatal genetic testing. Postnatally, early clinical assessment is needed and CT scan should be considered, irrespective of the presence of symptoms. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Societal Impacts of Autonomous Ships: The Norwegian Perspective
Authors: Rødseth Ørnulf Jan , Nesheim Dag Atle , Rialland Agathe , Holte Even Ambros 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is often assumed that the driving force behind autonomous ship discussions is reduction in crew cost or societal concerns like improved maritime safety due to reduction in human errors, better working conditions for crew in land-based control centers, or sustainability goals achieved through higher efficiency and lower emissions. But in assessing actual projects that are underway other factors also stand out. For the container ship Yara Birkeland, for example, the major drivers were reduction in local truck transport through urban areas and the realizing of a completely green electric transport. For ASKO cargo ferries, improved reliability of their inter-warehouse transport was a significant additional factor. This chapter will discuss possible societal benefits and potential drawbacks of autonomous ships, as presented in literature as well as from our own research particularly from the European Union (EU) projects Advanced, Efficient and Green Intermodal Systems (AEGIS) and Autonomous Shipping Initiative for European Waters (AUTOSHIP), and the Norwegian project “Smartere Transport”. The focus is on cargo transport, but some concerns for passenger transport will also be explored. The analysis is mostly qualitative, but some quantitative key performance indicators (KPI) will be proposed. The perspective is mainly Norwegian, a society with a high living standard and a sparsely populated nation, where advanced ship technology is a necessary part of life and in general positively regarded. Nevertheless, many of the observations are deemed highly applicable to other countries and regions.
Bridging the Gap: Community Conservancies in Namibia and Zimbabwe
Authors: Huntley Brian John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergence of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches to wildlife conservation in southern Africa heralded great optimism towards the bridging of the gap between ‘fortress conservation’ and the welfare of local communities living adjacent to protected areas. This chapter describes the evolution of the concept and practice of CBNRM in the arid ecosystems of Namibia and Zimbabwe, from early initiatives in the 1980s through to the present. This chapter synthesises the lessons learned from the CBNRM programmes of Namibia and Zimbabwe, describing successes achieved even under extremely difficult circumstances.
Chiral spectrum of the universal tuned (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 4D F-theory model
Authors: Jefferson Patrick , Taylor Washington , Turner Andrew P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We use the recently developed methods of arXiv:2108.07810 to analyze vertical flux backgrounds and associated chiral matter spectra in the 4D universal (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 model introduced in arXiv:1912.10991, which is believed to describe the most generic family of F-theory vacua with tuned (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 gauge symmetry. Our analysis focuses on a resolution of a particular presentation of the (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 model in which the elliptic fiber is realized as a cubic in ℙ2 fibered over an arbitrary smooth threefold base. We show that vertical fluxes can produce nonzero multiplicities for all chiral matter families that satisfy 4D anomaly cancellation, which include as a special case the chiral matter families of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
UV and IR effects on Hawking radiation
Authors: Ho Pei-Ming , Kawai Hikaru 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the time-dependence of Hawking radiation for a black hole in the Unruh vacuum, and find that it is not robust against certain UV and IR effects. If there is a UV cutoff at the Planck scale, Hawking radiation is turned off after the scrambling time. In the absence of a UV cutoff, Hawking radiation is sensitive to the IR cutoff through a UV/IR connection due to higher-derivative interactions in the effective theory. Furthermore, higher-derivative interactions with the background contribute to a large amplitude of particle creation that changes Hawking radiation. This unexpected large effect is related to a peculiar feature of the Hawking particle wave packets.
Mixture-of-Theories training: can we find new physics and anomalies better by mixing physical theories?
Authors: Caron Sascha , Ruiz de Austri Roberto , Zhang Zhongyi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Model-independent search strategies have been increasingly proposed in recent years because on the one hand there has been no clear signal for new physics and on the other hand there is a lack of a highly probable and parameter-free extension of the standard model. For these reasons, there is no simple search target so far. In this work, we try to take a new direction and ask the question: bearing in mind that we have a large number of new physics theories that go beyond the Standard Model and may contain a grain of truth, can we improve our search strategy for unknown signals by using them “in combination”? In particular, we show that a signal hypothesis based on a large, intermingled set of many different theoretical signal models can be a superior approach to find an unknown BSM signal. Applied to a recent data challenge, we show that “mixture-of-theories training” outperforms strategies that optimize signal regions with a single BSM model as well as most unsupervised strategies. Applications of this work include anomaly detection and the definition of signal regions in the search for signals of new physics.
Quantum codes, CFTs, and defects
Authors: Buican Matthew , Dymarsky Anatoly , Radhakrishnan Rajath 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We give a general construction relating Narain rational conformal field theories (RCFTs) and associated 3d Chern-Simons (CS) theories to quantum stabilizer codes. Starting from an abelian CS theory with a fusion group consisting of n even-order factors, we map a boundary RCFT to an n-qubit quantum code. When the relevant ’t Hooft anomalies vanish, we can orbifold our RCFTs and describe this gauging at the level of the code. Along the way, we give CFT interpretations of the code subspace and the Hilbert space of qubits while mapping error operations to CFT defect fields.
Deformation conjecture: deforming lower dimensional integrable systems to higher dimensional ones by using conservation laws
Authors: Lou S. Y. , Hao Xia-zhi , Jia Man 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Utilizing some conservation laws of (1+1)-dimensional integrable local evolution systems, it is conjectured that higher dimensional integrable equations may be regularly constructed by a deformation algorithm. The algorithm can be applied to Lax pairs and higher order flows. In other words, if the original lower dimensional model is Lax integrable (possesses Lax pairs) and symmetry integrable (possesses infinitely many higher order symmetries and/or infinitely many conservation laws), then the deformed higher order systems are also Lax integrable and symmetry integrable. For concreteness, the deformation algorithm is applied to the usual (1 + 1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and the (1 + 1)-dimensional Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) system (including nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation as a special example). It is interesting that the deformed (3+1)-dimensional KdV equation is also an extension of the (1 + 1)-dimensional Harry-Dym (HD) type equations which are reciprocal links of the (1+1)-dimensional KdV equation. The Lax pairs of the (3 + 1)-dimensional KdV-HD system and the (2 + 1)-dimensional AKNS system are explicitly given. The higher order symmetries, i.e., the whole (3 + 1)-dimensional KdV-HD hierarchy, are also explicitly obtained via the deformation algorithm. The single soliton solution of the (3 + 1)-dimensional KdV-HD equation is implicitly given. Because of the effects of the deformation, the symmetric soliton shape of the usual KdV equation is no longer conserved and deformed to be asymmetric and/or multi-valued. The deformation conjecture holds for all the known (1 +1)-dimensional integrable local evolution systems that have been checked, and we have not yet found any counter-example so far. The introduction of a large number of (D + 1)-dimensional integrable systems of this paper explores a serious challenge to all mathematicians and theoretical physicists because the traditional methods are no longer directly valid to solve these integrable equations.
Gravitational wave signals from finite size effects in spinning binary inspirals including parity violating constituents
Authors: Modrekiladze Beka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We generalize the world line EFT formalism to account for parity violating finite size effects. Results are presented for potentials and radiating moments of a binary inspiral for the parity conserving sector, and agreement is found with, previous calculations. Furthermore, we generate new results in this sector, calculating the current quadrupole moment induced by finite size gravitomagnetic effects. We also present novel results for parity violating sources, which might be due to beyond standard model physics, and show that they generate GW signals with the unique signature that the current-moment appears at 0.5PN order earlier relative to the mass-moment in the PN expansion. Parity violation also induces a new type of potential, which is proportional to the S ∙ r. Finally, we present new results for the dissipative force for parity violating constituents, which leads to the curious signature of a force normal to the orbit.
Network-informed discovery of multidrug combinations for ERα+/HER2-/PI3Kα-mutant breast cancer
Authors: Hany Dina , Zoetemelk Marloes , Bhattacharya Kaushik , Nowak-Sliwinska Patrycja , Picard Didier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is a persistent threat to women worldwide. A large proportion of breast cancers are dependent on the estrogen receptor α (ERα) for tumor progression. Therefore, targeting ERα with antagonists, such as tamoxifen, or estrogen deprivation by aromatase inhibitors remain standard therapies for ERα + breast cancer. The clinical benefits of monotherapy are often counterbalanced by off-target toxicity and development of resistance. Combinations of more than two drugs might be of great therapeutic value to prevent resistance, and to reduce doses, and hence, decrease toxicity. We mined data from the literature and public repositories to construct a network of potential drug targets for synergistic multidrug combinations. With 9 drugs, we performed a phenotypic combinatorial screen with ERα + breast cancer cell lines. We identified two optimized low-dose combinations of 3 and 4 drugs of high therapeutic relevance to the frequent ERα + /HER2-/PI3Kα-mutant subtype of breast cancer. The 3-drug combination targets ERα in combination with PI3Kα and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21). In addition, the 4-drug combination contains an inhibitor for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which showed benefits in long-term treatments. Moreover, we validated the efficacy of the combinations in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and xenograft experiments. Thus, we propose multidrug combinations that have the potential to overcome the standard issues of current monotherapies.
Vergleich von Behandlungspfaden beim akuten Schlaganfall – eine qualitative multizentrische Studie in drei zuweisenden Kliniken eines Schlaganfallnetzwerkes
Authors: Herzog Franziska , Sert Melek , Hoffmann Johanna , Stang Christina , Seker Fatih , Purrucker Jan , Wick Wolfgang , Busetto Loraine , Gumbinger Christoph 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Schlaganfallnetzwerken verlegen Kliniken, die selbst keine endovaskuläre Thrombektomie (EVT) durchführen (hier: Primärkliniken), Patient*innen für diese Therapie in spezialisierte Schlaganfallzentren. Zur Verbesserung des Zugangs und des Managements der EVT muss der Fokus der Forschung nicht nur auf den spezialisierten Zentren, sondern auch auf den vorangehenden Prozessen in den Primärkliniken liegen.

Fragestellung
Wie stellen sich die Schlaganfallbehandlungspfade in verschiedenen Primärkliniken dar und was wird in diesen Pfaden als Vor- und Nachteil gesehen?

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer qualitativen multizentrischen Studie in drei Primärkliniken eines Schlaganfallnetzwerkes wurde die Versorgung von Schlaganfallpatient*innen mithilfe von nichtteilnehmenden Beobachtungen und 15 leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Beschäftigten unterschiedlicher Professionen erfasst und analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Innerhalb der Schlaganfallbehandlungspfade wurden folgende Aspekte als vorteilhaft berichtet: (1) eine strukturierte und persönliche Ankündigung von Schlaganfallpatient*innen in der Primärklinik durch den Rettungsdienst, (2) ein effizienter Ablauf des Telekonsils, (3) die Notfallverlegung zur EVT durch die gleichen Rettungsdienstmitarbeitenden der Primärzuweisung und (4) die Integration von externen Neurolog*innen in klinikinterne Strukturen.

Diskussion
Die Studie liefert einen Einblick in die z. T. unterschiedlichen Schlaganfallbehandlungspfade drei verschiedener Primärkliniken eines Schlaganfallnetzwerkes. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Verbesserungspotenziale auch für andere Kliniken ableiten. Allerdings ist diese Studie zu klein, um verlässliche Aussagen über deren Wirksamkeit zu geben. Zukünftige Studien sollten daher untersuchen, ob Implementierungen der hier erarbeiteten Empfehlungen tatsächlich zu Verbesserungen führen bzw. unter welchen Bedingungen diese erfolgreich sind. Zur Sicherstellung der Patientenzentrierung sollte dabei auch die Perspektive von Betroffenen und Angehörigen miteinbezogen werden.
ANOVA analysis for estimating the accuracy and surface roughness of precisely drilled holes of steel 42CrMo4 QT
Authors: Řehoř Jan , Fulemová Jaroslava , Kutlwašer Jan , Gombár Miroslav , Harničárová Marta , Kušnerová Milena , Vagaská Alena , Povolný Michal , Valíček Jan , Zatloukal Tomáš 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe presented publication is focused on increasing the productivity and efficiency of machine production of precision holes. Considerable attention was paid to the influence of the pre-preparation and drilling technology on the quality of the reamed hole. The material selected for machining was chromium-molybdenum steel 42CrMo4 QT. The cluster analysis is implemented to evaluate the experimental results obtained by measuring the cylindricity and surface roughness of the drilled and reamed holes. The factor of hole pre-preparation technology was selected in two quality levels, and the factor of drilling technology in four quality levels. The constant factors were carefully controlled during the experiment, i.e., other possible influences were excluded or minimised. Under constant cutting conditions, the experiment of the subject machining process was carried out. The cutting process parameters investigated were the cylindricity and the roughness of the machined surface Ra. The novelty and contribution of this research lie in confirming the assumption that drilling technology influences hole quality primarily, whereas hole pre-preparation technology has a secondary effect.