bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived rapid drug screening system for Alzheimer's disease for the identification of novel drugs
Authors: Gamit Naisarg , Patil Manasi , B Sundrappa Soumya , Sundaram S. Mohana , Sethi Gautam , Dharmarajan Arun , Warrier Sudha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA reliable and efficient in vitro model is needed to screen drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as many drugs are currently in the developmental stage. To address this, we developed an in vitro model using amniotic membrane‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM‐MSCs) to screen novel drugs for AD. We differentiated AM‐MSCs into neurons and degenerated them using beta amyloid1‐42 (Aß). We then tested AD drugs, which are commercially available such as donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine, citicoline, and two novel drugs, that is, probucol, an anti‐hyperlipidaemic drug, and NMJ‐2, a cinnamic acid analogue for their potential to protect the cells against neurodegeneration. We used gene expression and immunofluorescence staining to assess the neuroprotective ability of these drugs. We also measured the ability of these drugs to reduce lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels, as well as their ability to stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase acetylcholine (ACh) levels. The AD drugs and novel drugs reduced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and restored ACh levels. Furthermore, they reduced BACE1 expression, with a concomitant increase in the expression of cholinergic markers. This AM‐MSCs‐based AD‐like model has immense potential to be an accurate human model and an alternative to animal models for testing a large number of lead compounds in a short time. Our results also suggest that the novel drugs probucol and NMJ‐2 may protect against Aß‐induced neurodegeneration.
FAM64A aggravates proliferation, invasion, lipid droplet formation, and chemoresistance in gastric cancer: A biomarker for aggressiveness and a gene therapy target
Authors: Yun Wen‐jing , Zhang Li , Yang Ning , Cui Zheng‐guo , Jiang Hua‐mao , Ha Min‐wen , Yu Da‐yong , Zhao Ming‐zhen , Zheng Hua‐chuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFAM64A is a mitogen‐induced regulator of the metaphase and anaphase transition. Here, we found that FAM64A messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels were higher in gastric cancer tissue than in normal mucosa (p < .05). FAM64A methylation was negatively correlated with FAM64A mRNA expression (p < .05). The differentially expressed genes of FAM64A were mainly involved in digestion, potassium transporting or exchanging ATPase, contractile fibers, endopeptidase, and pancreatic secretion (p < .05). The FAM64A‐related genes were principally categorized into ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, cell cycle, chromosome segregation and mitosis, microtubule binding and organization, metabolism of amino acids, cytokine receptors, lipid droplet, central nervous system, and collagen trimer (p < .05). FAM64A protein expression was lower in normal gastric mucosa than intestinal metaplasia, adenoma, and primary cancer (p < .05), negatively correlated with older age, T stage, lymphatic and venous invasion, tumor, node, metastasis stage, and dedifferentiation (p < .05), and associated with a favorable overall survival of gastric cancer patients. FAM64A overexpression promoted proliferation, antiapoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the EGFR/Akt/mTOR/NF‐κB, while the opposite effect was observed for FAM64A knockdown. FAM64A also induced chemoresistance directly or indirectly through lipid droplet formation via ING5. These results suggested that upregulation of FAM64A expression might induce aggressive phenotypes, leading to gastric carcinogenesis and its subsequent progression. Thus, FAM64A could be regarded as a prognosis biomarker and a target for gene therapy.
Synthesis, characterization and differentiation of the structural isomers of valine and tert‐leucine derived synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Sim Sui Boon Derek , Lee Hui Zhi Shirley , Ong Mei Ching , Zhang Shuhua , Lim Kheng Aik , Lim Jong Lee Wendy , Yap Tiong Whei Angeline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe identification of the synthetic cannabinoids receptor agonists (SCRAs) has always posed a great challenge to drug testing laboratories with slight structural modifications aimed at evading drug legislation. In addition, the most prevalent synthetic cannabinoids have valine and tert‐leucine amino acid moieties where re‐arrangement of the carbon chains can result in structural isomers that are very similar to the parent synthetic cannabinoids. This makes their analysis and identification challenging, and the problem is compounded with the difficulty in purchasing reference standards quickly and a lack of literature for comparison. Therefore, in this investigation, four series of synthetic cannabinoids (AB‐PINACA, AB‐CHMINACA, MMB‐FUBINACA and 5‐fluoro‐MDMB‐PINACA) and their alkyl chain structural isomers at the amino acid moieties were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques—gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography–infrared detection (GC–IRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to evaluate the ability of each analytical technique to differentiate the respective isomers for their identification. A total of 12 isomers were synthesized and analysed together with the four parent synthetic cannabinoids. NMR was able to differentiate between all the compounds, whereas GC–IRD was able to discern between most of the synthetic cannabinoids and their isomers. GC–MS had the least discriminating power and was not able to differentiate some of the compounds that has very similar mass spectra. The results from this work will be useful to other drug testing laboratories that are facing the identification of related synthetic cannabinoids.
Effects of chemical cues and prior experience on predator avoidance in crayfish
Authors: Kaur Davinder , Iqbal Azeem , Soto Ismael , Kubec Jan , Buřič Miloš 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultisensory stimuli provide organisms with information to assess the threat present in the surroundings. Olfactory cues show dominance over other sensory modalities in the aquatic environment. The impact of chemical predator cues combined with experiences gained (learning) in species without previous contact is not fully understood. We investigated the foraging and shelter‐seeking behaviour of naïve and experienced marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis juveniles in response to the chemical signals of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus alone and in combination with alarm chemicals produced by preyed‐upon conspecifics. Naïve and experienced (previously exposed to pumpkinseed predation) juveniles were stocked in an arena with shelter and feed and exposed (1) to water from a tank containing a predator actively feeding on conspecifics, (2) water from a tank with predator only and (3) water only as control. Crayfish exposed to the combined stimuli avoided the inlet zone and gravitated to shelter zone of the arena to a greater extent than did those exposed to predator‐only cues and the control. Regardless of the treatment, experienced crayfish showed significantly reduced interest in feeding. Our findings imply that crayfish response to threat‐associated odours with the greatest potency when visual or tactile cues are present, while previous encounters with predators may make them more cautious.
The eDNA Society International Meeting 2023, “moving from knowledge into practice”
Authors: Yamanaka Hiroki , Doi Hideyuki , Araki Hitoshi , Uchii Kimiko , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the aim to gather and synthesize knowledge regarding environmental DNA analysis and its applications, The eDNA Society International Meeting 2023 was held in Otsu, Shiga, Japan, from May 17th to 19th with more than 252 participants from 19 countries. During the three core days, there were three plenary sessions with nine leading researchers in the field as invited speakers, as well as general oral sessions, a poster session, workshops presented by the society's corporate companies, and opening and closing ceremonies. The meeting had been postponed multiple times due to the COVID‐19 pandemic but was finally held in‐person, with options for online attendance, in front of Lake Biwa. This is a memorial site where the first field test for eDNA analysis in Japan was conducted. Here, we report the record of the meeting by sharing the highlights of the three core days. The proposed meeting theme, “Moving from Knowledge into Practice,” was well achieved during the meeting with energetic participants and enthusiastic discussion, which was stimulated by interesting presentations and lectures spanning from basic technical developments to practical applications.
Solvent Directed Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Spiro‐Oxindoles with Quaternary Carbon Center Forming
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liao Qian , Liu Jin‐Yu , Yang Ming‐Wen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the solvent‐directed diastereodivergent cyclization reactions with quaternary center formation. Various spiro‐oxindole diastereoisomers were synthesized with good yields (up to >99 %) and moderate to high diastereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1). Further study on NMR studies indicates that the key to this approach lies in different interactions between the substrate and organocatalyst across diverse solvents. This methodology may have significant implications for switchable, solvent‐directed diastereodivergent synthesis.
Evaluating the social cost: The mention of diversity and group identification moderate responses to high‐status ingroup claims of bias
Authors: Wellman Joseph D. , Nguyen Tuong‐Vy C. , Garcia Donna M. , Egbule Princess 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClaims of discrimination made by high‐status groups (e.g., White people, men) have become increasingly more common. To understand ingroup support for such claims, we examined perceivers’ group identification (GID) and perceived social costs as contributing factors. In addition, we examined the impact of the claimant blaming 'diversity' as a source of discrimination to see if this may influence perceptions of social costs and ultimately support. Across three experiments, we found that GID predicted support for the claimant among Whites and men when the claim blamed diversity, which was mediated by perceptions of group‐level social costs, suggesting that mentioning diversity as part of their claim may influence support for the claimant. We found similar patterns of results for liking and behavioral intentions. Results suggest that it is important to examine aspects of the claim and perceivers’ perceptions of social costs when examining support for discrimination claimants.
Simultaneous LC–MS determination of glucose regulatory peptides secreted by stem cell–derived islet organoids
Authors: Olsen Christine , Wang Chencheng , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Abadpour Shadab , Lundanes Elsa , Skottvoll Frøydis Sved , Golovin Alexey , Busek Mathias , Krauss Stefan , Scholz Hanne , Wilson Steven Ray 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor studying stem cell–derived islet organoids (SC‐islets) in an organ‐on‐chip (OoC) platform, we have developed a reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC–MS/MS) method allowing for simultaneous determination of insulin, somatostatin‐14, and glucagon, with improved matrix robustness compared to earlier methodology. Combining phenyl/hexyl‐C18 separations using 2.1 mm inner diameter LC columns and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, identification and quantification were secured with negligible variance in retention time and quantifier/qualifier ratios, negligible levels of carryover (<2%), and sufficient precision (±10% RSD) and accuracy (±15% relative error) with and without use of an internal standard. The obtained lower limits of quantification were 0.2 µg/L for human insulin, 0.1 µg/L for somatostatin‐14, and 0.05 µg/L for glucagon. The here‐developed RPLC–MS/MS method showed that the SC‐islets have an insulin response dependent on glucose concentration, and the SC‐islets produce and release somatostatin‐14 and glucagon. The RPLC–MS/MS method for these peptide hormones was compatible with an unfiltered offline sample collection from SC‐islets cultivated on a pumpless, recirculating OoC (rOoC) platform. The SC‐islets background secretion of insulin was not significantly different on the rOoC device compared to a standard cell culture well‐plate. Taken together, RPLC–MS/MS method is well suited for multi‐hormone measurements of SC‐islets on an OoC platform.
The role of genetic diversity and pre‐breeding traits to improve drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat at the reproductive stage
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Singh Sukhwinder , Liu Fulai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtreme weather including heat waves and drought episodes are expected to increase in intensity and duration due to climate change. Wheat, being a major crop is under extreme threat to these stresses especially at the reproductive stage. This review addresses the potential of diverse wheat germplasm (originated from landraces and synthetic derivatives) to cope with drought and heat stress at the flowering stage. Here, important marker‐trait associations were reported for sustainable grain production under drought and heat stress at anthesis. Likewise, the mechanisms of drought and heat resilience including gene expression and physiological traits (activities of carbohydrate metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, and endogenous hormonal responses) were explored. These studies helped to understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance and certain pre‐breeding traits related to osmotic adjustment, phytohormonal regulation, antioxidant metabolism, and the expression of novel genes were identified. Moreover, identified pre‐breeding traits and genotypes can be utilized in breeding wheat cultivars resilient to future adverse environments.
Use of mandarin and persimmon fruits in water kefir fermentation
Authors: Güzel‐Seydim Zeynep B. , Şatır Gülçin , Gökırmaklı Çağlar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater kefir is a non‐dairy probiotic beverage. It is obtained by fermentation of water kefir grains with a sugar solution. This study aims to determine the properties of water kefir beverages obtained by fermentation of mandarin and persimmon‐containing water for 42 h. According to microbiological results, both fruits containing water samples provided a high number of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Moreover, after fermentation, pH, Brix, and dry matter content did not significantly differ. On the other hand, fructose, maltose, and acetic acid contents of mandarin water kefir are significantly higher than persimmon water kefir (p < .05). Persimmon water kefir had higher total phenolic contents, twice as much as mandarin water kefir (p < .05). Both water kefirs had good color properties. The organoleptic acceptability of the fruit water kefirs was promising.
Relationship between one‐carbon metabolism and fetal growth in twins: A cohort study
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , Li Xiaona , Du Yufeng , Yang Jing , Li Xuening , Li Jiaxin , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigated the associations of one‐carbon metabolism (OCM)‐related metabolites, including choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), and methionine with fetal growth of twins. This hospital‐based cohort study included dichorionic twin gestations. Blood samples were collected at a median of 14.7 weeks of gestation. Blood plasma metabolite levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Generalized estimating equations and mixed effects models were used to explore associations between plasma metabolite levels and fetal growth. In total, 115 women with dichorionic diamniotic pregnancies were included. The maternal plasma DMG level was negatively correlated with fetal birth weight (β = −43.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −74.1 to −12.8, p < .05) and head circumference (β = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.39 to −0.07, p < .05). Other metabolites were not significantly associated with birth weight, body length, head circumference (HC), or chest circumference. Analysis of the relationships between plasma metabolite levels and fetal biological parameters on ultrasound revealed that the maternal choline level was negatively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference (AC) (β = −0.12, 95% CI = 0.24 to −0.004, p < .05); the maternal DMG level was negatively correlated with fetal AC (β = −0.17, 95% CI = 0.28–0.07, p < .05), femur length (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.04–0.003, p < .05), and estimated fetal weight (β = 26.4, 95% CI = −41.6 to −11.2, p < .05), but not with HC. The maternal methionine level was negatively correlated with HC (β = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.14 to −0.02, p < .05). The plasma level of the OCM‐related metabolite DMG during the second trimester was negatively correlated with fetal intrauterine growth and birth weight. However, further studies with larger samples are needed.
Increased expression of Nav1.6 of reactive astrocytes in the globus pallidus is closely associated with motor deficits in a model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Weitang , Zhang Renxing , Feng Hu , Luo Jiamin , Zhu Hongyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, which is characterized by motor disabilities in PD patients. Nav1.6 is the most abundant subtype of voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the brain of adult mammals and rodents. Here we investigated the role of Nav1.6 in the external globus pallidus (GP) involved in the pathogenesis of motor deficits in unilateral 6‐OHDA(6‐hydroxydopamine)lesioned rats. The results show that Nav1.6 is dramatically increased in reactive astrocytes of the ipsilateral GP in the middle stage, but not different from the control rats in the later stage of the pathological process in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats. Furthermore, the down‐regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP can significantly improve motor deficits in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats in the middle stage of the pathological process. The electrophysiological experiments show that the down‐regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP significantly decreases the abnormal high synchronization between the ipsilateral M1 (the primary motor cortex) and GP in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats. Ca2+ imaging reveals that the down‐regulation of Nav1.6 expression reduces the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in primary cultured astrocytes. These findings suggest that the increased Nav1.6 expression of reactive astrocytes in the GP play an important role in the pathogenesis of motor dysfunction in the middle stage in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats, which may participate in astrocyte‐neuron communication by regulating [Ca2+]i of astrocytes, thereby contributing to the formation of abnormal electrical signals of the basal ganglia (BG) in 6‐OHDA lesioned rats.
Gold and silver nanoparticles in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diagnostics and treatments
Authors: Scarpa Edoardo , Cascione Mariafrancesca , Griego Anna , Pellegrino Paolo , Moschetti Giorgia , De Matteis Valeria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) impose substantial medical and public health burdens on people worldwide and represent one of the major threats to human health. The prevalence of these age‐dependent disorders is dramatically increasing over time, a process intrinsically related to a constantly rising percentage of the elderly population in recent years. Among all the NDs, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are considered the most debilitating as they cause memory and cognitive loss, as well as severely affecting basic physiological conditions such as the ability to move, speak, and breathe. There is an extreme need for new and more effective therapies to counteract these devastating diseases, as the available treatments are only able to slow down the pathogenic process without really stopping or resolving it. This review aims to elucidate the current nanotechnology‐based tools representing a future hope for NDs treatment. Noble metal nano‐systems, that is, gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs), have indeed unique physicochemical characteristics enabling them to deliver any pharmacological treatment in a more effective way within the central nervous system. This can potentially make NPs a new hope for reversing the actual therapeutic strategy based on slowing down an irreversible process into a more effective and permanent treatment.
CANTO skin: Evaluation of skin toxicity risk factors in patients treated for breast cancer
Authors: Allali Sofiane , Carton Matthieu , Everhard Sibille , Rivera Sofia , Ghannam Youssef , Peignaux Karine , Guilbert Phillippe , De La Lande Brigitte , Chara‐Brunaud Claire , Blanchecotte Julien , Pasquier David , Racadot Séverine , Bourgier Céline , Cottu Paul , André Fabrice , Kirova Youlia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSkin reaction is a common toxicity during oncology management, especially followed during the radiotherapy. Its assessment and understanding of the factors influencing its occurrence, is a major issue in the management of patients treated for an early breast cancer (BC). We evaluated 8561 patients during their overall management for a BC. We focus on specific skin toxicities: erythema, fibrosis, telangiectasia and changes of skin colour. These toxicities were assessed at the baseline defined as 0‐3‐6 (M0), 12 (M12), 36 (M36) and 60 (M60) months. The prevalence of toxicities of interest varied over time, so at M0, 30.4% of patients had erythema while 17.7% of patients had fibrosis. At M60, the prevalence of erythema was 2%, while fibrosis remained stable at about 19%. After adjustments, at M0, there was a significant association between the onset of cutaneous erythema and obesity, the presence of axillary dissection, the type of surgery and the tumour phenotype RH+/HER2+. Concerning fibrosis, a significant association was found, at M12, with the age of the patient, obesity, Charlson score and type of surgery. Concerning the modification of skin colour at M12, we find a link between the age of the patient, obesity, tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. The prevention of this toxicity is a major issue for the quality of life. Our results allow us to understand the risk of developing skin toxicity in a patient, depending on her intrinsic, tumour or therapeutic characteristics and to implement adapted means of prevention and monitoring.