bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Persistence and Transformation of Golengpa Religiosity
Authors: Tashi Kelzang T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter reflects on the relationship between Buddhism and Shamanic Bon, and Buddhism and Clerical Bon, and discusses religious syncretism in the context of the great and little traditions by relating the findings to the wider anthropological literature. It takes the relationship between great and little traditions as its starting point for the interplay of Buddhism and Bon underpinned by the local conception of two forms of religion, mundane or worldly god’s religion, and supramundane or Buddha’s religion. The chapter discusses the mutual accommodation and syncretism between Buddhism and Bon, and offers fresh perspectives on the central distinguishing features of great and little traditions.
Conclusion
Authors: Tashi Kelzang T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the findings of the study on why and how Bon has survived over a millennium of impatience from a dominant Buddhist religious structure. It summarizes the multilayered, manifold, and complex reasons for the persistence of Bon practices and beliefs amid censures by Buddhist priests. Despite the opposition to Bon by Buddhist priests for centuries, it shows that villagers see no fundamental opposition between Buddhism and Bon because of Bon’s efficacy in their everyday lives. The chapter concludes that one obvious reason why Bon has persisted in Goleng is not just the recency of Buddhism but the fact that Goleng has a scant Buddhist presence with only a handful of lay Buddhist priest today.
Introduction
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the argument of the book and the concept of back-channel policymaking: Members of Congress regularly communicate with federal agencies about public policy through discreet, informal channels. This chapter offers examples of legislators using agency policymaking as a substitute for legislative action by pressuring agencies (1) to make changes that would not pass Congress or (2) to represent contentious interests. This argument departs from previous accounts that focus on the traditional legislative process and formal means of congressional oversight. Previous scholarship has assumed informal, inter-branch interactions are primarily constituency service and requests for grants and has neglected systematic study of informal policy interactions between individual legislators and agencies. This chapter briefly describes the data used in the bookâ€™s analyses and offers a roadmap for the subsequent chapters.
The Freedom of Information Act and the War against Transparency
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the records and data used in the book. The chapter explains how the records were obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). It offers a brief background on FOIA and the challenges of the FOIA process. The records, referred to as congressional correspondence logs, are described. The logs include records of communication from members of the US Senate and House of Representatives to ten federal agencies between 2005 and 2012 (109thâ€“112th Congresses). The chapter explains how records from three of these agencies, the US Departments of Labor, Homeland Security, and Energy, were used to construct the dataset used in the quantitative analyses in the book.
The Nature of Inter-Branch Policy Communication
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers a typology of inter-branch policy communication and qualitative accounts from the records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act as well as other sources. This chapter describes how agencies influence policy through rulemaking or regulations, guidance documents, and prosecutorial discretion. Agencies have three tools that legislatorsâ€™ exploit: agency policymaking, information, and enforcement. The chapter includes examples of lawmakersâ€™ policy appeals to agencies: Members of Congress coordinate with agencies to delay implementation of a policy until new legislation could be passed. Legislators request agencies intervene with other political actors (e.g., state governments). Lawmakers ask agencies to draft legislative language and work with them on the laws that define agenciesâ€™ discretion. In sum, agencies have broad discretion over policy implementation, which legislators try to exploit to advance their own objectives.
Misconceptions about Inter-Branch Relations
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses quantitative analysis to validate the measure of policy appeals used in subsequent chapters and to assess common misconceptions about the relationship between members of Congress and the bureaucracy. The results show that nearly all members of Congress contact agencies about policy. Legislatorsâ€™ policy contacts with agencies reflect their policy agendas and priorities and are associated with their drive to advance policy in the legislative process. Contrary to popular belief, the results do not show a positive relationship between legislatorsâ€™ policy contacts and measures of electoral incentives. Finally, the chapter uses a placebo test to show that policy contacts are distinct from casework (or constituency service) and grant requests.
The Bureaucracy: Congress’s Backdoor to Policy Influence
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter tests the first hypotheses of the book and offers support for the bookâ€™s central argument: Members of Congress use informal channels of communication with agencies when they confront obstacles in the legislative process. The results from quantitative analyses show that senators contact agencies more frequently when they are in their chamberâ€™s minority and share party affiliation with the White House. House members contact agencies about policy most frequently when they are in the minority and White House out-partisans—when they are completely shut out of the lawmaking process and formal institutions of oversight. The chapter also explains and tests the role of legislatorsâ€™ capacity for policymaking, whether in Congress or in the bureaucracy, and considers which legislators are most capable of exploiting agency discretion. The results suggest that backdoor policymaking reinforces the existing power dynamics on Capitol Hill.
Back-Channel Representation
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter tests the second central argument of the book: Members of Congress use informal channels of communication with the bureaucracy to represent controversial interests that would be costly for them to represent publicly. The chapterâ€™s quantitative analyses test this argument across three issue areas (i.e., labor, homeland security, energy) using lawmakersâ€™ records of communication with the US Departments of Labor, Homeland Security, and Energy. The results show that legislators contact agencies about policy more frequently when they face cross-pressures, a conflict between their party and constituency, on an issue. Critically, the results show that this pattern is particular to back-channel communication; the results are different when bill sponsorship is substituted for policy contact. These results suggest that members of Congress choose to represent contentious issues in the bureaucratic venue because it is less visible than the legislative process.
Hélène Smith
Authors: Massicotte Claudie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work follows the story of an exceptional medium whose performances of possession in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries influenced some of the most renowned scientists and artists of her time. Hélène Smith’s creation of languages, performances of celestial scenes, and paintings of spiritual visions came to embody the extreme possibilities of a new form of subjectivity. Among many other scholars, psychologist Théodore Flournoy, linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, and surrealist artist André Breton spent years interpreting her marvelous experiences in secular terms, highlighting the complex facets of a deeply creative unconscious. In retracing their encounters, this book sheds new light on the role of women in the history of depth psychology, demonstrating that studies of spiritual mediums forged an unconscious different from the now well-known studies of hysterics. In illuminating Smith’s contributions to evolving understandings of the subject during a period understood by many as one of secularization, the book also demonstrates how female embodiment became a crucial locus for the conceptualization of disenchantment in the modern world.
Introduction
Authors: Massicotte Claudie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the very last days of the nineteenth century, two major works were published that effectively transformed the future of depth psychology. The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud first went relatively unnoticed, reaching only a few interested specialists. Yet it is today widely read and recognized as a cornerstone in the development of psychology. From India to the Planet by Théodore Flournoy, on the other hand, initially created a stir in both the popular and the scientific press, bringing much attention to its author’s claims. Today, it has largely fallen into oblivion, as did its author’s understanding of unconscious creativity. This chapter examines the reasons for Flournoy’s obscurity in the canon of dynamic psychiatry while presenting the work’s argument for its rediscovery. It also introduces From India’s protagonist, the medium Hélène Smith, and the many questions she raised about authorship, gender, and creativity.
Bodies
Authors: Massicotte Claudie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the parallel developments of spiritualism and depth psychology in modern Europe, as well as the roles played by women in both discourses. In order to set the stage for the analysis of Smith’s experiences, the chapter turns to Paris and Jean Martin Charcot’s understanding of hysteria at the Salpêtrière hospital, then the largest medical institution in Europe, in order to retrace the construction of the female body in the late nineteenth century. This chapter suggests that medical and spiritualist authorities shared similar conceptions of the entranced female body as a passive recipient for the voice of the other. Both discourses also framed the otherness of the female body as a bridge between the marvelous and the scientific: while Charcot and colleagues secularized medicine by displacing the enchanted within female embodiment, spiritualists saw in this mysterious embodiment a gateway to the scientific exploration of celestial worlds.
Creativity
Authors: Massicotte Claudie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores the artistic aspects of Smith’s séances, which ranged from theatrical performances and musical compositions to poetry and painting. Through her trance imagination, Smith challenged contemporaneous notions of unconscious acts (or automatisms) as purely symptomatic, monotonous, and echolalic. This, at least, appears to be what the surrealist artist and poet André Breton recognized in Smith’s séances. Well aware of the scientific discourses on the medium, Breton indeed drew on her trance performances as a model to unveil the limits and risks of a radical form of creativity as he conducted with his group a series of experiments in “psychic automatism.” After discussing Smith’s artistic corpus, this chapter retraces the surrealists’ experiments in trance writing to demonstrate how the loss of conscious control during séances was a simultaneously dangerous and powerful tool that dramatically transformed the meaning of artistic and authorial agency.
Good Things to Do
Authors: Bittner Rüdiger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Good Things to Do is designed to show that the aim of thinking about what to do, of practical reason, is to find not what we ought to do, but what is a good thing to do for us under the circumstances. So it argues, first, that neither under prudence nor under morality are there things we ought to do. There is no warrant for the idea of our being required, by natural law perhaps or by our rationality, to do either what helps us attain our ends or what is right for moral reasons. While common moral understanding is committed to there being things we ought to do and to our being guilty and deserving blame if we fail to do them, we can lay aside these notions without loss, indeed with benefit. Second, it explains what it is for something to be good for somebody to do under the circumstances and argues for understanding practical reason in these terms. What is good for somebody to do we find by experience: from what we go through we learn what helps and what hinders and figure out on this basis both what is prudentially useful and what is morally right to do—although in the end this difference itself gives way, and morality turns out to be a part of prudence.
Practical reason and what we ought to do
Authors: Bittner Rüdiger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Kant’s argument for saying that practical reason, if successful, always tells us that we ought to do something rests on an illicit shift from our being unreliable in acting reasonably to our being required to do so. The shift only appears plausible under a theological assumption. In fact, practical reason, as argued in the text that follows, never tells us that we ought to do things. The point is not that ‘ought’ is difficult to understand or to explicate. It is rather that there is no reason to think that we are ever subject to a requirement that we do this or that.
Prudence and what we ought to do
Authors: Bittner Rüdiger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Kant held that we ought to take the means in our power necessary to reach our ends. John Broome claimed that we only ought to make true the conditional that if we have a certain end, we take the means in our power necessary to reach it. Judith Thomson suggested that we ought to do what is good for us, provided that nobody else is adversely affected. None of these views stands scrutiny. The basic objection against them, inspired by David Hume, is that the conditions specified by these authors fail to establish an agent’s being required to do the thing in question. So under prudence, there is nothing that we ought to do.
Conclusion
Authors: Bittner Rüdiger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Prudence, being good at finding out and doing what is a good thing for one to do, is the entire virtue of those employing practical reason, a point closely related to Aristotle’s doctrine of ‘phronesis’. Morality thus becomes a part of prudence, for there is no reason to see the prudent as necessarily selfish. Moral education, then, is not to inculcate traditional standards and values in the young, it is to help and encourage them to find what is for them a good path to take. It is true, to incorporate morality into prudence deprives us of a proper notion of evil: people only make mistakes, if at times horrendous ones. Contrary to a conviction widely held, however, we can well understand ourselves without the notion of evil.
Decolonizing Religion and Peacebuilding
Authors: Omer Atalia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Based on empirical research of inter- and intrareligious peacebuilding practices in Kenya and the Philippines, the book identifies two paradoxical findings: first, religious peacebuilding practices are both empowering and depoliticizing; second, more doing of religion does not necessarily denote deeper or more knowing or critical religious literacy. The book traces the neoliberalization and securitization of religious virtuosity and how interreligious peace governance uses a language of empowerment and peace as intercommunal harmony but, in effect, depoliticizes communities through double closures. Accordingly, communal belonging is defined by religious belonging and vice versa; “being Muslim” or “being Christian” is a communal marker and thus a predetermined script into which all individual narratives must be assimilated. This disenfranchises individuals’ agency and political imagination of peace beyond a segregationist approach to managing plurality. The more there is a programmatic investment in religion as a peace mechanism for managing postcolonial divided societies, the more the capacity of each communal actor to disrupt their ascribed religious and communal scripts diminishes. On the one hand, the book’s decolonial and intersectional prisms expose the entrenched and ongoing colonial dynamics operative in religion and the practices of peacebuilding and development in the Global South. On the other hand, the many stories of transformation and survival that emerged from the fieldwork speak back to decolonial scholarship and theory, exposing their limited traction and, often, their irrelevance to people’s survival struggles.
“What Works?” Is Not A Good Enough Question
Authors: Omer Atalia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This introduction describes the book’s key findings. First, the more there is a programmatic investment in religion as a peace mechanism for managing divided societies, the more the capacity of each communal actor to disrupt their ascribed religious and communal scripts diminishes. Second, the more religion is integrated into peace and development policymaking, the less politically emancipatory it becomes. Hence, religion’s occasional usefulness in peacebuilding does not necessarily mean justice-oriented outcomes. The praxis of religion and peace does not entail decolonial justice. Still, “unwoke” religiosity can also be agentic and transformational in people’s lived realities for their survival and ability to rescript conflict narratives. Hence, a contrast between woke religiosity and the empirical facts of unwoke but transformative practice is one of the points highlighted in this book. A purist critique of (neo)colonial dynamics often obscures people’s agency in rewriting hate into intercommunal peace and how this rewriting also constitutes a spiritual reclaiming of a religious and communal sense of authenticity.
“Sisyphean” Governance
Authors: Omer Atalia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the operative logic of neoliberalism and how it shapes Sisyphean peacebuilding agency. Programmatic peace/development practices themselves become sites of spiritual and vocational formation. Sisyphean persistence nourishes religious commitments by spiritualizing peacebuilding practices, which are then incorporated into neoliberal peace governance. The analysis of interreligious peace governance draws on multiple examples from Kenya and Mindanao. In these examples, the “beneficiaries” and leaders of interreligious dialogues of action confirm the need for intrafaith dialogue. They see it as a requirement to ensure shifts toward intergroup cooperation, problem-solving, and, in the case of Mindanao, the cultivation of a tripartite harmony. Here, civil society actors envision Mindanao as a harmonious space for Muslims, Christians, and Indigenous peoples to cohabit. This is precisely the form of harmony that conceals peace’s violent legacy through dependence on double closures, communal and hermeneutical, and their mutual indexing to one another. Despite this legacy, the harmony discourse dominates Mindanaoan discussions about peace and drives investment in intercommunal dialogue and performances of peace.
Religious Resiliency and “Soft” Security
Authors: Omer Atalia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows that the securitizing of religion is not only a function of urgent countermessaging. It also depends on the long-term cultivation of meaningful intercommunal bonds through the mechanism of interreligious governance. The latter amounts to the practices of peace as “getting along.” The underlying theory of change is that knowledge of one another (which also entails an intrasubjective and intrafaith/communal process), plus economic incentives over time, can reduce fatalism and the potential for violence. This security apparatus foregrounds children and youth as target demographics for investment and as a relatively obvious site (like poverty) for “moral” interventions or mobilizations of religious actors. Religious literacy as a peacebuilding mechanism becomes a form of knowing through relationship building (doing) rather than mastery of religious sources, hermeneutical traditions, and learning methodologies. The chapter shows that a focus on relationships consolidates and spiritualizes, but also exceeds and transgresses, the confines of a neoliberal peace discourse because the realness of the connections does not necessarily dissipate with the drying up of funds or the conclusion of neoliberal time frames.
Unrevolutionary Decolonial Love
Authors: Omer Atalia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Within the landscape of Mindanao, the deployment of religion as peace and love becomes a mechanism for overcoming hate, fear, and a false sense of superiority through the concretized creation of peace islands. The peace islands, whether in people’s hearts or through the formal negotiation of geographical parameters of the ceasefire, become sacred spaces whose maintenance depends on individuals’ spiritual formation to resist hate through reciprocal appreciation and the active promotion of pluralism. The latter operates in tandem with the securitization of religion through the same tools synergizing peacebuilding and development practices. Yet the friendships themselves are interpreted as sacred, pushing the analysis of religion and the practice of peace beyond its neoliberal utilitarian agenda or, at the very least, exposing its boundaries. Intersubjective transformation depends on being open to decolonial love—a praxis and an instrument of social transformation emerging from the underside of Western modernity or the lived realities of coloniality with an aspiration for imagining an ethics of plurality. This amounts to a form of political praxis of resistance, even if this resistance is mere existence expressed through survivalist piety, survivalist love, and nonpolitical friendship.
John Sullivan Dwight
Authors: Faucett Bill F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
John Sullivan Dwight (1813–1893) was for much of the nineteenth century America’s leading music critic. Born into a musical family and educated at premier Boston schools, he fell under the spell of New England Transcendentalism and befriended Ralph Waldo Emerson, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, Margaret Fuller, George Ripley, and others of a similarly progressive mindset. Dwight resided at the socialist/utopian community of Brook Farm, where he learned about journalism and publishing while writing for The Harbinger. He wrote on many topics—Transcendentalism, of course, but especially music and musical performance. Dwight was a skilled communicator, and he conveyed ideas powerfully, persuasively, and constantly in language that had recently been given verve by German Romanticism and Emersonian Transcendentalism. When Brook Farm collapsed, Dwight’s professional prospects ran desperately low. After several years as a journeyman writer, he launched in 1852 Dwight’s Journal of Music: A Paper of Art and Literature, a newspaper that firmly established him as a serious music critic. The Journal was published regularly until 1881. It was and remains an important periodical. In its own time, it spoke to America’s growing appetite for art music; today it is indispensable for research into nineteenth-century American classical music, especially in Boston. This biography follows Dwight’s life as he meets and writes about some of the era’s most significant intellectuals and musicians. His enormous body of essays, reviews, and translations, much of it illuminated here, leads to the conclusion that Dwight the music critic and Dwight the Transcendentalist are inseparable.