bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid CB2 receptor orthologues; in vitro function and perspectives for preclinical to clinical translation
Authors: Carruthers Emma R. , Grimsey Natasha L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists are in development as therapeutic agents, including for immune modulation and pain relief. Despite promising results in rodent preclinical studies, efficacy in human clinical trials has been marginal to date. Fundamental differences in ligand engagement and signalling responses between the human CB2 receptor and preclinical model species orthologues may contribute to mismatches in functional outcomes. This is a tangible possibility for the CB2 receptor in that there is a relatively large degree of primary amino acid sequence divergence between human and rodent. Here, we summarise CB2 receptor gene and protein structure, assess comparative molecular pharmacology between CB2 receptor orthologues, and review the current status of preclinical to clinical translation for drugs targeted at the CB2 receptor, focusing on comparisons between human, mouse and rat receptors. We hope that raising wider awareness of, and proposing strategies to address, this additional challenge in drug development will assist in ongoing efforts toward successful therapeutic translation of drugs targeted at the CB2 receptor.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
SerpinB1 is required for Rev‐erbα‐mediated protection against acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide‐in mice
Authors: Xiao Xue , Chen Sufang , Huang Ziyan , Han Xue , Dou Chaoxun , Kang Jiayi , Wang Tienan , Xie Hanbin , Zhang Linan , Hei Ziqing , Li Haobo , Yao Weifeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeAcute lung injury (ALI) is a serious, life‐threatening inflammation of the lungs that still lacks effective treatment. We previously showed that serine protease inhibitor B1 (SerpinB1) protects against ALI induced by orthotopic autologous liver transplantation. However, the role of SerpinB1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI and its regulatory mechanisms are not known.Experimental ApproachWild‐type (WT) and SerpinB1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with intratracheal LPS stimulation to induce ALI. Some of the WT and KO mice were injected i.p. with melatonin, a rhythm‐related protein Rev‐erbα agonist. The circadian rhythm in WT mice was disrupted by exposing mice to 24 h of continuous dark or light conditions after intratracheal LPS. Neutrophils were isolated from alveolar lavage fluid of WT and KO mice, and from human peripheral blood. Neutrophils were treated with LPS and melatonin.Key ResultsDisruption of circadian rhythm by either 24‐h dark or light conditions exacerbated LPS‐induced ALI and decreased expression of Rev‐erbα and SerpinB1 protein in lung, whereas melatonin treatment increased SerpinB1 expression and attenuated LPS‐induced ALI in WT mice, but not in KO mice. In isolated neutrophils, Rev‐erbα was co‐localized with SerpinB1 and bound to its promoter to trigger SerpinB1 transcription. Furthermore, LPS stimulation increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which was reversed by melatonin treatment in neutrophils from WT mice, but not from KO mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn mice, SerpinB1 is rhythmically regulated by Rev‐erbα, and its down‐regulation exacerbates LPS‐induced ALI by inducing formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.
Using YouTube vlogs to study women's experiences of participating in #MeToo
Authors: Cook Nancy , O'Halloran Olivia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn our effort to study women's experiences of participating in the #MeToo social movement and the effects it has had on their lives, we employed YouTube vlogs posted under that hashtag, instead of interviews, as our source of experiential data. Few scholars have engaged in detailed reflections on vlogs as a source of qualitative data. Even fewer evaluate vlogs in relation to studying sexual violence, particularly women's experiences of participating in #MeToo. In this paper we contribute to these methodological discussions by reflecting on our use of vlogs in such a study, appraising the productive potentials and concerns related to qualitative vlog data. They afforded us several methodological benefits, but also entailed ethical and analytical challenges.
Using a deep learning neural network for the identification of malignant cells in effusion cytology material
Authors: Sanyal Parikshit , Dey Pranab 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the application of an artificial neural network in the detection of malignant cells in effusion samples.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, we selected 90 cases of effusion cytology samples over 2 years. There were 52 cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma and 38 benign effusion samples. In each case, an average of five microphotographs from the representative areas were taken at 40× magnification from Papanicolaou‐stained samples. A total of 492 images were obtained from these 90 cases. We applied a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model to identify malignant cells in the cytology images of effusion cytology smears. The training was performed for 15 epochs. The model consisted of 783 layers with 188 convolution‐max pool layers in between.ResultsIn the test set, the DCNN model correctly identified 54 of 56 images of benign samples and 49 out of 56 images of malignant samples. It showed 88% sensitivity, 96% specificity and 96% positive predictive value in the screening of malignant cases in effusion. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.92.ConclusionDCNN is a unique technology that can detect malignant cells from cytological images. The model works rapidly and there is no bias in cell selection or feature extraction. The present DCNN model is promising and can have a significant impact on the diagnosis of malignancy in cytology.
Meta‐analysis on preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotic supplementation in infant atopic dermatitis
Authors: Husein‐ElAhmed Husein , Steinhoff Martin 
Published: June 2023

SummaryDespite a large body of research, the effect of probiotic administration on the incidence and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) shows conflicting results. We aimed to investigate whether probiotic supplementation reduces the incidence and severity of AD. Three databases were systematically searched. A 22% lower incidence of AD was found in the probiotic group. The reduction in incidence was 49% when probiotics were given to pregnant and lactating mothers, and 27% when they were given to pregnant mothers and infants. A 39% reduction of AD incidence was achieved when administered to pregnant‐breastfeeding mothers and infants. Significant differences in SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) favoring probiotics were observed, but the IDLQI remained unchanged. Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus was the most documented strain, but it turned out to be ineffective in reducing SCORAD. Conversely, L. paracasei and L. sakei showed a significant decrease in SCORAD. Probiotics are effective in the prevention of AD, but the effect is less conclusive for the treatment of AD, especially in infants <1 year. The intake of probiotics by breastfeeding mothers is an important measure and may become a novel preventive strategy. The preventive effect of probiotics against AD is not associated with family background or AD risk. L. paracasei and L. sakei show the greatest reduction in SCORAD.
Effects of climate change on the distribution of plant species and plant functional strategies on the Canary Islands
Authors: Hanz Dagmar M. , Cutts Vanessa , Barajas‐Barbosa Martha Paola , Algar Adam , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Collart Flavien , Fernández‐Palacios José María , Field Richard , Karger Dirk N. , Kienle David R. , Kreft Holger , Patiño Jairo , Schrodt Franziska , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Weigelt Patrick , Irl Severin D. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimOceanic islands possess unique floras with high proportions of endemic species. Island floras are expected to be severely affected by changing climatic conditions as species on islands have limited distribution ranges and small population sizes and face the constraints of insularity to track their climatic niches. We aimed to assess how ongoing climate change affects the range sizes of oceanic island plants, identifying species of particular conservation concern.LocationCanary Islands, Spain.MethodsWe combined species occurrence data from single‐island endemic, archipelago endemic and nonendemic native plant species of the Canary Islands with data on current and future climatic conditions. Bayesian Additive Regression Trees were used to assess the effect of climate change on species distributions; 71% (n = 502 species) of the native Canary Island species had models deemed good enough. To further assess how climate change affects plant functional strategies, we collected data on woodiness and succulence.ResultsSingle‐island endemic species were projected to lose a greater proportion of their climatically suitable area (x ̃ = −0.36) than archipelago endemics (x ̃ = −0.28) or nonendemic native species (x ̃ = −0.26), especially on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, which are expected to experience less annual precipitation in the future. Moreover, herbaceous single‐island endemics were projected to gain less and lose more climatically suitable area than insular woody single‐island endemics. By contrast, we found that succulent single‐island endemics and nonendemic natives gain more and lose less climatically suitable area.Main ConclusionsWhile all native species are of conservation importance, we emphasise single‐island endemic species not characterised by functional strategies associated with water use efficiency. Our results are particularly critical for other oceanic island floras that are not constituted by such a vast diversity of insular woody species as the Canary Islands.
Participatory local governance in rural Nepal: The primacy of informality
Authors: Bhusal Thaneshwar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationNepal adopted a federal constitution in 2015 that created autonomous local governments across the country. A prime aim was to encourage ordinary people's participation in local decision‐making processes.PurposeTo what extent do local governments in rural Nepal adopt informal approaches—approaches that reflect local social needs and desires—to participation in decision‐making?Methods and approachAs part of interpretive case studies, the author gathered qualitative evidence as a participant observer of local government in five rural municipalities in Rasuwa District, a remote area on the northern border.A framework was created to capture the concepts of participatory governance and sociology to guide data collection and analysis.FindingsIn the five municipalities studied, decisions were successively made in forums at village, ward and municipal levels. In the village, participation was considerable: all persons, all voices could be heard. But as proposals were aggregated upwards to ward and municipal levels, citizens participated less, being replaced by elected representatives and civil servants.Nepal has showcased successful participatory processes by incorporating diverse local groups in a range of policy areas such as community forests, or in the operation of public services such as water or schools. The present research acknowledges their success in widening and deepening citizen participation; it also brings new knowledge to bear on deeply rooted culturally accepted informal participatory methods in rural local governments.Policy implicationsBecause each local government has its own circumstances in which to operationalize participatory governance, reforms should recognize the prevalence of informalities in rural municipalities and the dominance of formalities in urban municipalities.
A role for ultra‐high resolution three‐dimensional printed human heart models
Authors: Arango Susana , Gorbaty Benjamin , Brigham John , Iaizzo Paul A. , Perry Tjörvi E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionEchocardiography is essential for diagnosing and assessing the severity of perioperative structural and functional heart disease. Yet, educational opportunities to better understand echocardiography‐based cardiac anatomy remain limited by the two‐dimensional display, lack of anatomic details, variability of heart models, and costs and global access of training.MethodsWe performed micro computed tomography of human heart specimens not suitable for orthotopic transplantation. We created high‐resolution computational 3D models of different human hearts, sliced them in the different recommended American Society of Echocardiography views, and 3D printed them using different materials.ResultsWe scanned, 3D modeled, and 3D printed a variety of human hearts both healthy and diseased. We have made the models available in the cardiac operating rooms and routinely use them for teaching anesthesia residents and cardiothoracic anesthesia fellows about basic and advanced echocardiographic views, cardiopulmonary bypass cannulation strategies, and valvular pathology and planned interventions.ConclusionWe have generated a library of 3D printed hearts to display the recommended echocardiographic views as a unique educational tool designed to safely accelerate the understanding of absolute and relative human cardiac anatomy and pathology, especially related to gaining advanced appreciation of clinically employed perioperative echocardiography.
A simple artificial diet for feeding and sequestration assays for the milkweed bugsOncopeltus fasciatusandSpilostethus saxatilis
Authors: Espinosa del Alba Laura , Petschenka Georg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsect artificial diets are not only an important tool for mass rearing, nutritional research, and maintaining laboratory colonies but also for studying insect‐plant interactions. For herbivorous insects able to sequester plant toxins, feeding and sequestration assays based on artificial diet allow for the investigation of physiological, ecological, and evolutionary questions which may be difficult to study using real plants representing complex chemical environments. We developed a simple artificial diet, consisting of sunflower meal pressed into pills, for the milkweed bugsOncopeltus fasciatus(Dallas) andSpilostethus saxatilis(Scopoli) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), which are capable of sequestering cardenolides and colchicum alkaloids, respectively. We assessed insect performance, suitability of the diet for sequestration assays, and its shelf life. Compared to sunflower seeds which are widely used as a laboratory maintenance diet for milkweed bugs, no differences were found in terms of weight development, presence of deformities, speed of development, or mortality. Importantly, after feedingO. fasciatusandS. saxatilissunflower pills enriched with crystalline ouabain (cardenolide) or colchicine (colchicum alkaloid), respectively, sequestration was observed in both species. Moreover, as a prerequisite to test ecological hypotheses, our method allows for adequate concentration control and homogenous distribution of toxins across the diet. Under relatively warm conditions (27 °C and 60% r.h.), the new diet was stable for up to 10 days when used for feeding assays with adult bugs. Therefore, studies focusing on the role of plant toxins in predator–prey interactions and plant defense, but also insecticide research could benefit from using this approach.
Changes in pollinators' flower visits and activities potentially drive a diurnal turnover of plant‐pollinator interactions
Authors: Nagano Yuta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Plant‐pollinator interactions are essential to sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems and are variable on several spatiotemporal scales. On a fine temporal scale, the responses of pollinators to temperature and floral resource dynamics are likely to be related to the temporal turnover of plant‐pollinator interactions. However, the temporal dynamics of plant‐pollinator interactions on a fine scale are largely unknown.
The present study aims to reveal the temporal turnover of plant‐pollinator interactions over a single day and investigates these interactions in semi‐natural grasslands in a Japanese agricultural landscape from the early morning to the evening. The interaction turnover was evaluated as temporal β‐diversity and divided into two components: interaction rewiring and species turnover.
Insect species richness and the number of interactions showed hump‐shaped responses to the time of the day, and these responses differed for the different insect groups. Furthermore, the peak time of insect visitation frequency differed among 11 plant species. Interaction turnover (total β‐diversity) in the same day was higher than that in different days. Although interaction rewiring in different days was higher than that in the same day, species turnover had an opposite pattern.
Over a single day, the relative importance of interaction rewiring was higher in the morning, while species turnover was higher in the evening. Around noon, interaction rewiring and species turnover were equally important.
Therefore, the daily rhythm of pollinator activities and changes in the main floral resources drive the temporal turnover of plant‐pollinator interactions over a single day.
Progressive conus medullaris lesions are suggestive of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kitahara Sho , Kanazawa Masato , Natsumeda Manabu , Sato Aki , Ishikawa Masanori , Hara Kenju , Tabe Hiroyuki , Makino Kunihiko , Okamoto Kouichirou , Fujita Nobuya , Kakita Akiyoshi , Fuji Yukihiko , Onodera Osamu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinal cord lesions are observed in 40% of all central nervous system lesions in intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). However, because IVLBCL is a very rare disease, its clinical features are not well defined, which may delay appropriate diagnosis and treatment, whilst the acute to subacute course of brain lesions in patients with IVLBCL is well established. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the clinical features of spinal cord lesions in patients with IVLBCL.MethodsThe medical records of patients with IVLBCL admitted to our hospital between 2010 and 2020 were searched. The inclusion criteria were preceding neurological symptoms without non‐neurological symptoms and pathologically confirmed IVLBCL in various organs. Clinical features of spinal cord involvement in patients with IVLBCL were assessed and distinguished from those of brain involvement.ResultsSixteen consecutive patients with IVLBCL were divided into two groups: six patients with spinal involvement (spinal cord type) and 10 patients with brain involvement (brain type). In the spinal cord type, four patients had chronic progression and two had subacute progression. Acute progression (0% vs. 80.0%) and sudden onset (0% vs. 50.0%) occurred significantly less frequently in the spinal cord than in the brain. All spinal cord lesions involved the conus medullaris.ConclusionsSpinal cord involvement in IVLBCL has a predominantly chronic progressive course that is exclusive to brain involvement. Conus medullaris lesions are suggestive of IVLBCL and are useful for early and accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Prediction of long‐term unprovoked seizures after status epilepticus
Authors: Rodrigo‐Gisbert Marc , Gómez‐Dabó Laura , Quintana Manuel , Campos‐Fernández Daniel , Lallana Sofía , Fonseca Elena , Abraira Laura , Toledo Manuel , Santamarina Estevo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivePossible long‐term consequences of status epilepticus (SE) include cognitive and behavioral impairment and the development of chronic epilepsy. However, these aspects have not been systematically studied in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate long‐term seizure recurrence after SE and the potential risk factors for their development.MethodsData were obtained from a prospective registry of all SE episodes occurring in adult patients who attended our center from February 2011 to April 2022. Clinical data, electroencephalographic findings, treatment, and long‐term data were prospectively recorded. We performed a cross‐sectional study of consecutive SE patients without previous epilepsy diagnosis, and analyzed the development of unprovoked remote seizures.ResultsA total of 849 patients were registered in the database. After excluding in‐hospital mortality (198/849, 23.3%) and patients with prior epilepsy history (291/849, 44.7%), 360 patients (42.4%) with a first SE episode were included. The median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 56–79), and 176 patients (48.9%) were women. The median time to first‐line treatment initiation was 2 h (IQR = .7–7.4), and it was correlated with SE duration (R = .375, p < .001). One hundred nine patients (30.3%) presented unprovoked seizures during a median follow‐up of 1.8 years (IQR = .5–4.3). After adjusting for identifiable confounders in a multivariable Cox regression analysis, progressive symptomatic etiology (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–3.33, p = .011), time to first‐line treatment initiation > 1.5 h (HR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.25–2.87, p = .003), and superrefractory SE (HR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.26–4.33, p = .007) were independently associated with a greater risk of unprovoked seizure recurrence. In contrast, older patients (HR = .99, 95% CI = .97–.99, p = .021) and an acute symptomatic etiology (HR = .44, 95% CI .28–.68, p < .001) were at lower risk of unprovoked seizure recurrence.SignificanceThe etiology of SE, the delay in initiating SE treatment, and the presence of superrefractoriness have been identified as potentials factors associated with unprovoked remote seizures following a new onset SE. Therefore, prompt and appropriate management should be applied to avoid seizure recurrence.