bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduate Students' Perceived Preparedness and Confidence to Work With Individuals Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Barman Brooke E. , Dubasik Virginia L. , Brackenbury Tim , Colcord Donna J. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Previous research shows that practicing speech-language pathologists do not feel confident working with augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) users. Studies examining the content of speech-language pathology graduate programs show that there has been an increase in AAC coursework and experiences offered during graduate training. What has not yet been determined is whether these requirements have influenced students' feelings of preparedness to work with AAC users. The purpose of this study was to examine speech-language pathology master's students' perceived preparedness and confidence to work with AAC users in relation to their educational experiences.

Method:
A total of 726 graduate students completed a 25-item survey that solicited descriptions of their AAC training, coursework, and clinical experience, as well as their preparedness and confidence to work with AAC users after graduation.

Results:
Analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between types and number of types of training experiences with feelings of preparedness and confidence. Results indicated that many participants did not feel prepared or confident to work with AAC users after graduation and that those with a greater variety of training experiences felt more prepared and confident to work with AAC users after graduation.

Conclusion:
The results enhance our understanding of the types and number of types of clinical experiences that might increase students' preparedness and confidence to work with AAC users.
Synthetic photometry for carbon-rich giants
Authors: Eriksson K. , Höfner S. , Aringer B. 
Published: March 2023

Context. The properties and the evolution of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are strongly influenced by their mass loss through a stellar wind. This, in turn, is believed to be caused by radiation pressure due to the absorption and scattering of the stellar radiation by the dust grains formed in the atmosphere. The optical properties of dust are often estimated using the small particle limit (SPL) approximation, and it has been used frequently in modelling AGB stellar winds when performing radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations.
Aims. We aim to investigate the effects of replacing the SPL approximation by detailed Mie calculations of the size-dependent opacities for grains of amorphous carbon forming in C-rich AGB star atmospheres.
Methods. We performed RHD simulations for a large grid of carbon star atmosphere+wind models with different effective temperatures, luminosities, stellar masses, carbon excesses, and pulsation properties. Also, a posteriori radiative transfer calculations for many radial structures (snapshots) of these models were done, resulting in spectra and filter magnitudes.
Results. We find that, when giving up the SPL approximation, the wind models become more strongly variable and more dominated by gusts, although the average mass-loss rates and outflow speeds do not change significantly; the increased radiative pressure on the dust throughout its formation zone does, however, result in smaller grains and lower condensation fractions (and thus higher gas-to-dust ratios). The photometric K magnitudes are generally brighter, but at V the effects of using size-dependent dust opacities are more complex: brighter for low mass-loss rates and dimmer for massive stellar winds.
Conclusions. Given the large effects on spectra and photometric properties, it is necessary to use the detailed dust optical data instead of the simple SPL approximation in stellar atmosphere+wind modelling where dust is formed.
The peak flux of GRB 221009A measured with GRBAlpha
Authors: Řípa Jakub , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Fukazawa Yasushi , Werner Norbert , Münz Filip , Pál András , Ohno Masanori , Dafčíková Marianna , Mészáros László , Csák Balázs , Husáriková Nikola , Kolář Martin , Galgóczi Gábor , Breuer Jean-Paul , Hroch Filip , Hudec Ján , Kapuš Jakub , Frajt Marcel , Rezenov Maksim , Laszlo Robert , Koleda Martin , Šmelko Miroslav , Hanák Peter , Lipovský Pavol , Urbanec Tomáš , Kasal Miroslav , Povalač Aleš , Uchida Yuusuke , Poon Helen , Matake Hiroto , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Uchida Nagomi , Bozóki Tamás , Dálya Gergely , Enoto Teruaki , Frei Zsolt , Friss Gergely , Ichinohe Yuto , Kapás Kornél , Kiss László L. , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Odaka Hirokazu , Takátsy János , Topinka Martin , Torigoe Kento 
Published: March 2023

Context. On 2022 October 9 the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed lit up the high-energy sky. It was detected by a multitude of instruments, attracting the close attention of the GRB community, and saturated many detectors.
Aims. GRBAlpha, a nano-satellite with a form factor of a 1U CubeSat, detected this extraordinarily bright long-duration GRB, GRB 221009A, without saturation but affected by pile-up. We present light curves of the prompt emission in 13 energy bands, from 80 keV to 950 keV, and performed a spectral analysis to calculate the peak flux and peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity.
Methods. Since the satellite’s attitude information is not available for the time of this GRB, more than 200 incident directions were probed in order to find the median luminosity and its systematic uncertainty.
Results. We find that the peak flux in the 80 − 800 keV range (observer frame) was Fphp = 1300−200+1200 ph cm−2 s−1, or Fergp = 5.7−0.7+3.7 × 10−4 erg cm−2 s−1, and the fluence in the same energy range of the first GRB episode, which lasted 300 s and was observable by GRBAlpha, was S = 2.2−0.3+1.4 × 10−2 erg cm−2, or Sbol = 4.9−0.5+0.8 × 10−2 erg cm−2 for the extrapolated range of 0.9 − 8690 keV. We infer the isotropic-equivalent released energy of the first GRB episode to be Eisobol = 2.8−0.5+0.8 × 1054 erg in the 1 − 10 000 keV band (rest frame at z = 0.15). The peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity in the 92 − 920 keV range (rest frame) was Lisop = 3.7−0.5+2.5 × 1052 erg s−1, and the bolometric peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity was Lisop,bol = 8.4−1.5+2.5 × 1052 erg s−1 (4 s scale) in the 1 − 10 000 keV range (rest frame). The peak emitted energy is Ep∗ = Ep(1+z) = 1120 ± 470 keV. Our measurement of Lisop,bol is consistent with the Yonetoku relation. It is possible that, due to the spectral evolution of this GRB and the orientation of GRBAlpha at the peak time, the true values of peak flux, fluence, Liso, and Eiso are even higher.
Outcomes of Core Decompression and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injection for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Feder Oren I. , Galetta Matthew , Iorio Richard , Schwarzkopf Ran , Einhorn Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithout intervention, 80% of hips with osteonecrosis (ON) will progress. Core decompression (CD) has shown favorable results (60–80% survivorship) in early stage ON, and recently, bone marrow aspirate concentration (BMAC) injection into the decompressed femoral head has been proposed to stimulate healing of the necrotic lesion and improve outcomes and survivorship. We reviewed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 51 Steinberg stage 2 hips in 31 patients who underwent CD + BMAC for ON with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. We evaluated preoperative visual analog pain scores (VAS), Steinberg stage based on radiographs, and Kerboul angle as measured on magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcomes were reported as a change in VAS at final follow-up, hip and disability osteoarthritis score for joint replacements (HOOS, JR) score at final follow-up, advancement in Steinberg stage based on radiographs, or decision to proceed with total hip arthroplasty (THA). At an average of 27 months, VAS scores improved from 7 to 2.3 (p < 0.001). In total, 38 of 51 hips (75%) had stable radiographs, while 13 of 51 hips (25%) progressed radiographically or proceeded to THA. The average HOOS JR score in patients at final follow-up was 87.5, indicating excellent hip function. Of the patients that went on to THA, all were preoperative Steinberg stage 2C and the preoperative Kerboul angle in this cohort was 241, compared with 163 in those hips that did not go on to THA (p < 0.001). In preoperative hips that were Steinberg stage 2B or less, there was no advancement in the radiographic stage, whereas 67% of patients with preoperative stage 2C hips progressed (p < 0.001). CD + BMAC significantly improves pain and helps prevent the progression of ON when performed on patients in whom ON is classified as Steinberg stage 2B or less or in whom the Kerboul angle is 180 or less. Level of evidence was level III.
Dynamics of a stochastic epidemic-like rumor propagation model with generalized nonlinear incidence and time delay
Authors: Zhang Yuhuai , Zhu Jianjun , Din Anwarud , Ma Xinsheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rumors are abnormal children of public opinion, they usually arise with environmental crisis and have serious negative functions. Hence, how to control rumor propagation has become an urgent topic for the government. Since the communication between people in the real world is inevitably interfered by random factors, and time delay exists in the process of rumor propagation not only influence rumor-forwarding individuals by rumor-hesitant individuals but also in government decision-making. Based on these premises, we propose a stochastic delayed rumor propagation model with generalized incidence function. By setting the suitable Lyapunov functions, we show that the asymptotic behavior of stochastic rumor spreading model is constrained by some conditions. Finally, our analytical results are supported by numerical simulations. The results show that (1) the increase of noise intensity in social environment will reduce rumor propagation; (2) time delay has an impact on rumor propagation to a certain extent. Extending the thinking time may reduce the number of rumor-forwarding individuals and even lead to the disappearance of rumors; (3) improve scientific literacy and accelerate rumor refutation (i.e. reduce the value of β), strengthen rumor suppression (i.e. increase the value of γ) can effectively control rumor transmission.
Performance improvement factors in quantum radar/illumination
Authors: Hosseiny Seyed Mohammad , Norouzi Milad , Seyed-Yazdi Jamileh , Irannezhad Fatemeh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, we exploit quantum information processing, the research field focusing on quantum two-mode squeezed (QTMS) radar and quantum illumination (QI), to investigate the qualitative behaviors of entanglement, the entropy of formation, and squeezing in these protocols. We use logarithmic negativity to investigate entanglement between the signal and idler and propose strategies to maintain entanglement at room temperature in both protocols. We also calculate the entanglement, squeezing, and entropy for the QTMS radar when the target is present and the signal is transmitted to the target. In addition, by controlling the squeezing parameter which is a tool to control entanglement, entropy, and squeezing, the performance of the QTMS radar can be improved, so this work shows how it is implemented in practice. In both protocols, entanglement is maintained by considering conditions. Since the squeezing parameter controls both signal and idler power and the correlation between them, therefore, the qualitative behavior of squeezing in the QTMS radar and QI is also studied in this research. The significant result obtained from the QI is that the entanglement maintains at high power, low temperature, and high correlation between signal and idler. In contrast, in the QTMS, the entanglement survives when the correlation and power are low, even at room temperature.
Current status of the end-of-substructure (EoS) card project for the ATLAS strip tracker upgrade using final ASICs
Authors: Boebel A.L. , Ceslik H. , Dam M. , Diez S. , Garvey C. , Göttlicher P. , Gregor I.M. , Keaveney J.M. , Van der Merwe M.N. , Oechsle J. , Schmitt S. , Stanitzki M. , Strom L.R. , Wyngaard J.R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the context of the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC and ATLAS, the microstrip-tracking detector will be redesigned. The main building blocks are substructures with multiple sensors and their electronics. Each substructure will have a single interface to the off-detector system, the so-called End-of-Substructure (EoS) card. Its physical realisation is a set of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The PCB integrates ASICs and hybrids, which multiplex or demultipex the data and transmit with a rate up to 10 Gb/s or receive with a rate up to 2.5 Gb/s on optical fibres. These active parts are developed at CERN and are known as lpGBT and VTRx+. The EoS card integrates the active parts with the required electronics for the specified operation and within the mechanical constraints of the detector. In this paper critical design aspects such as the low-impedance powering scheme and the PCB setup are described. The EoS card has reached its final state for a series production, including the required setups for quality control. The achieved transmission quality on the 10 Gb/s links is presented.
Timespot1: a 28 nm CMOS Pixel Read-Out ASIC for 4D Tracking at High Rates
Authors: Cadeddu Sandro , Frontini Luca , Lai Adriano , Liberali Valentino , Piccolo Lorenzo , Rivetti Angelo , Shojaii Jafar , Stabile Alberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present the first characterization results of Timespot1,
an ASIC designed in CMOS 28 nm technology, featuring a
32 × 32 pixel matrix with a pitch of 35 μm. Timespot1
is the first small-size prototype, conceived to readout fine-pitch
pixels with single-hit time resolution below
50 psrms and input rates of several hundreds of
kilohertz per pixel. Such experimental conditions will be typical of
the next generation of high-luminosity collider experiments, from
the LHC run5 and beyond. Each pixel of the ASIC includes a charge
amplifier, a discriminator, and a Time-to-Digital Converter with a
time resolution indicatively of 22.6 psrms and
maximum readout rates (per pixel) of 3 MHz. To respect system-level
constraints, the timing performance has been obtained keeping the
power budget per pixel below 40 mW. The ASIC has been tested and
characterised in the laboratory concerning its performance in terms
of time resolution, power budget and sustainable rates. The ASIC
will be hybridized on a matched 32 × 32 pixel sensor matrix
and will be tested under laser beam and Minimum Ionizing Particles
in the laboratory and at test beams. In this paper we present a
description of the ASIC operation and the first results obtained
from characterization tests concerning its performance.
Bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope using calcium phosphate granules packed into a collagen pouch—a pilot study
Authors: Guillet Claire , Birgersson Ulrik , Engstrand Thomas , Åberg Jonas , Lopes Viviana R , Thor Andreas , Engqvist Håkan , Forterre Franck 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this proof-of-concept, bone neoformation beyond the skeletal envelope is explored by using a collagen pouch (n = 6) packed with calcium phosphate (CaP) granules placed over the frontal bone in sheep (n = 3). At 13 weeks, macroscopic examination showed specimens covered by an adherent fibrinous envelope with slight vascularization. Histology revealed colonization of the implant by newly formed woven bone and fibrous connective tissue. Surface osteoblasts as well as material-filled macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and giant cells were also found in large quantities surrounding the newly formed bone tissue inside the collagen pouch. On the side facing the recipient bone, the collagen membrane had to a large extent been resorbed and bridging bone formation was clearly visible between the test article and recipient bone. On the other side facing soft tissue, the collagen pouch remained intact with a visible fibrous capsule. This study demonstrated that the use of a collagen sleeve as a container for CaP granules allows for good neoformation beyond the skeletal envelope with bridging bone formation clearly visible between the test article and recipient bone. Additionally, in this model, macrophages rather than osteoclasts appear to modulate CaP granule resorption and remodeling into new bone. This construct opens new perspectives for treatment methods that could be used for bone augmentation and restoration of cranio-maxillofacial defects and malformations.
On the capabilities of the SWOT satellite to monitor the lake level change over the Third Pole
Authors: Xiong Jinghua , Jiang Liguang , Qiu Yuanlin , Wongchuig Sly , Abhishek  , Guo Shenglian , Chen Jie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The lake level dynamics of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP, also called the ‘Third Pole’) are a crucial indicator of climate change and human activities; however, they remain poorly measured due to extremely high elevation and cold climate. The existing satellite altimeters also suffer from relatively coarse temporal resolution or low spatial coverage, preventing effective monitoring of lake level change at such a large spatial scale. The recently launched surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission is expected to greatly enhance the current lake level monitoring capabilities. However, a systematic evaluation is still lacking in the region. To elucidate this potential, here, we generated SWOT-like lake products for 38 major lakes (>150 km2) over the QTP during 2000–2018 using a large-scale SWOT hydrology simulator with the input of satellite altimetry and water mask databases. The comparative assessments between the satellite altimetry data and SWOT simulations using various statistical metrics and decomposed time series components demonstrate that SWOT can successfully monitor both short-term dynamics and long-term trends. Extended experiments to derive SWOT-like data of 783 lakes (>1 km2) based on the synthetic lake level series present the spatial pattern of SWOT performance that tends to improve with the increasing lake area. Our findings provide comprehensive inferences and confidence for lake level monitoring in the Third Pole in the early period of the SWOT satellite.
Seasonal variation in near-surface seasonally thawed active layer and permafrost soil microbial communities
Authors: Baker Christopher C M , Barker Amanda J , Douglas Thomas A , Doherty Stacey J , Barbato Robyn A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding how soil microbes respond to permafrost thaw is critical to predicting the implications of climate change for soil processes. However, our knowledge of microbial responses to warming is mainly based on laboratory thaw experiments, and field sampling in warmer months when sites are more accessible. In this study, we sampled a depth profile through seasonally thawed active layer and permafrost in the Imnavait Creek Watershed, Alaska, USA over the growing season from summer to late fall. Amplicon sequencing showed that bacterial and fungal communities differed in composition across both sampling depths and sampling months. Surface communities were most variable while those from the deepest samples, which remained frozen throughout our sampling period, showed little to no variation over time. However, community variation was not explained by trace metal concentrations, soil nutrient content, pH, or soil condition (frozen/thawed), except insofar as those measurements were correlated with depth. Our results highlight the importance of collecting samples at multiple times throughout the year to capture temporal variation, and suggest that data from across the annual freeze-thaw cycle might help predict microbial responses to permafrost thaw.
Climate mitigation sustains agricultural research and development expenditure returns for maize yield improvement in developing countries
Authors: Yoshida Ryuhei , Iizumi Toshichika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Governmental expenditure on agricultural research and development (R&D) has played a substantial role in increasing crop yields in recent decades. However, studies suggest that annual yield growth rates would decline in a warming climate compared to that in a non-warming climate. Here, we present how projected climate could alter maize yield gain owing to a US$ 1 billion increase in agricultural R&D expenditure (referred to as yield response) for 71 maize-producing countries using global gridded crop model simulations with socioeconomic and climate scenarios as inputs. For the middle of this century (2041–2060) under the low warming scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways: SSP126), the median yield response between countries is estimated to be the highest at 27.2% in the low-income group, followed by 6.6% in the lower-middle-income group, 1.0% in the high-income group, and 0.1% in upper-middle-income group. The projected median yield response for lower (the low- and lower-middle)-income groups under the high warming scenario (SSP585) was approximately half than that under the low warming scenario: 27.2% → 15.6% for the low-income, 6.6% → 1.7% for the lower-middle-income, and 1.0% → 0.6% for the high-income groups. For the upper-middle-income group, where there is limited room for adopting high-yielding technology and management already being used in higher (the high- and higher-middle)-income groups, the negative impacts of climate change cannot be offset and yields are projected to decline, even with continued R&D investments (0.1% → –0.2%). Even if the R&D expenditures increase at the same value, expected yield gains will depend on future warming levels. This finding suggests that climate mitigation is a prerequisite for maintaining the yield returns from agricultural R&D investments in developing countries.
Integrability of two-species partially asymmetric exclusion processes
Authors: Lobaskin Ivan , Evans Martin R , Mallick Kirone 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We work towards the classification of all one-dimensional exclusion processes with two species of particles that can be solved by a nested coordinate Bethe ansatz (BA). Using the Yang–Baxter equations, we obtain conditions on the model parameters that ensure that the underlying system is integrable. Three classes of integrable models are thus found. Of these, two classes are well known in literature, but the third has not been studied until recently, and never in the context of the BA. The Bethe equations are derived for the latter model as well as for the associated dynamics encoding the large deviation of the currents.