bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of hearing loss: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhengxin Zhu , Liu Yuehui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism's causal direction and the magnitude of its association with hearing loss is uncertain due to the limitations of observational studies. This study aims to investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and hearing loss using bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR).Materials and Methods The genetic variants of 462,933 participants in the hypothyroidism study and 323,978 participants in the hearing loss study were used for bidirectional two-sample MR. Independent genetic variants that were significantly (P < 5×10− 8) associated with each exposure were considered as instruments. To test for sensitivity, Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were applied apart from the multiplicative random effects-inverse variance weighted (MRE-IVW) approach used as the main MR analysis.Results The forward MR revealed a significant causal estimate for the genetically predicted hypothyroidism with the high risk of hearing loss [MRE-IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 1.092, P = 0.003]. However, the reverse MR analysis found no significant correlation between genetically predicted hearing loss and hypothyroidism (MRE-IVW: OR = 1.04, P = 0.113). Sensitivity analyses showed that the causal association estimations were stable and reliable.Conclusion In this MR study, we demonstrated hypothyroidism was causally associated with a high risk of hearing loss. However, there was no evidence to support the causality of hearing loss on hypothyroidism.
Body composition of infants at 6 months of age using a 3-compartment model
Authors: Kuriyan Rebecca , Hills Andrew , Murphy-Alford Alexia , Padmanabha Ramya , Nyati Lukhanyo , Byrne Nuala , Kurpad Anura , Norris Shane 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Two compartment (2C) models of body composition, including Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) and Deuterium Dilution (DD), assume constant composition of fat-free mass (FFM), while 3-compartment (3C) model overcomes some of these assumptions; studies are limited in infants.
Objective:
To compare 3C estimates of body composition in 6-mo. old infants from Australia, India and South Africa, including FFM density and hydration, compare with published literature and to evaluate agreement of body composition estimates from ADP and DD.
Methods:
Body volume and water were measured in 176 healthy infants using ADP and DD. 3C-model estimates of fat mass (FM), FFM and its composition were calculated, compared between countries (age and sex adjusted) and with published literature. Agreement between estimates from ADP and DD were compared by Bland-Altman and correlation analyses.
Results:
South African infants had significantly higher % FM (11.5%) and density of FFM compared to Australian infants. Australian infants had significantly higher % FFM (74.7 ± 4.4%) compared to South African infants (71.4 ± 5.0) and higher FFMI (12.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2) compared to South African (12.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2) and Indian infants (11.9 ± 1.0 kg/m2). FFM composition of present study differed significantly from literature. Pooled three country estimates of FM and FFM were comparable between ADP and DD; mean difference of -0.05 (95% CI, -0.64, +0.55) kg and +0.05 (95% CI, -0.55, +0.64) kg.
Conclusion:
3C-model estimates of body composition in infants differed between countries; future studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate causes for the differences.
An immortal porcine preadipose cell strain for efficient production of cell-cultured fat
Authors: Huang Zan , Cheng Yun-Mou , Hong Peng-Cheng , Zhu Hai-Ning , Qin Jing , Song Ming-Mei , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Adding adipose cells to cell-cultured meat can provide a distinctive aroma and juicy texture similar to real meat. However, a significant challenge still exists in obtaining seed cells that can be propagated for long periods, maintain their adipogenic potential, and reduce production costs. In this study, we present a cell strain derived from immortalized porcine preadipocytes that can be subculture for over 40 passages without losing differentiation capacity. This cell strain can be differentiated within 3D bioscaffolds to generate cell-cultured fat using fewer chemicals and less serum. Additionally, it can be expanded and differentiated on microcarriers with upscaled culture to reduce costs and labor. Moreover, it can co-differentiate with muscle precursor cells, producing a marbling pattern. Therefore, our cell strain provides an exceptional model for studying and producing cell-cultured fat.
Second Quantization Approach to Many-Body Dispersion Interactions: Implications for Chemical and Biological Systems
Authors: Tkatchenko Alexandre , Gori Matteo , Kurian Philip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The many-body dispersion (MBD) framework is a successful approach for modeling the long- range electronic correlation energy and optical response of systems with thousands of atoms. Inspired by field theory, here we develop a second-quantized MBD formalism (SQ-MBD) that recasts a system of atomic quantum Drude oscillators in a Fock-space representation. SQ-MBD provides: (i) tools for projecting observables (interaction energy, transition multipoles, polarizability tensors) on coarse-grained representations of the atomistic system ranging from single atoms to large structural motifs, (ii) a quantum-information framework to analyze correlations and (non)separability among fragments in a given molecular complex, and (iii) a path toward the applicability of the MBD framework to molecular complexes with millions of atoms. The SQ-MBD approach offers novel insights into quantum fluctuations in molecular systems and enables direct coupling of collective plasmon-like MBD degrees of freedom with arbitrary environments, providing a tractable computational framework to treat dispersion interactions and polarization response in intricate systems.
Integrating Knowledge and Action: Learnings from an implementation program for food security and food sovereignty with First Nations communities in Canada
Authors: Domingo Ashleigh , Yessis Jennifer , Charles Kerry-Ann , Skinner Kelly , Hanning Rhona M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Collaborative approaches to knowledge translation (KT) are important for advancing community-engaged research. However, there is a need for examples of participatory approaches that have effectively supported public health research and program development with First Nations communities. To strengthen KT with communities, we proposed a set of guiding principles for participatory planning and action for local food system change. Principles emerged from a cross-community analysis of Learning Circles: Local Healthy Food to School (LC:LHF2S) a participatory program (2015-2019) for Indigenous food system action. The objective was to identify guiding principles for participatory planning from key learnings and successes on scaling-up the Learning Circle (LC) vertically in Haida Nation, British Columbia (BC) and horizontally in three distinct community contexts: Gitxsan Nation, Hazelton /Upper Skeena, BC; Ministikwan Lake. Application of these principles is discussed in the context of our ongoing partnership with Williams Treaties First Nations to support community planning to enhance food security and sovereignty.
Methods: A cross-community thematic analysis was conducted and guided by an implementation science framework, Foster-Fishman and Watson’s (2012) ABLe Change Framework, to identify key learnings and successes from adapting the LC approach. Information gathered from community interviews (n=52), meeting summaries (n=44) and tracking sheets (n=39) was thematically analyzed to inform development of guiding principles. Community sense making of findings informed applicability in a new community context embarking on food systems work.
Results: Emergent guiding principles for participatory food system planning and action included: (1) Create safe and ethical spaces for dialogue by establishing trust and commitment from the ground up; (2) Understand context for change through community engagement; (3) Foster relationships to strengthen and sustain impact; and (4) Reflect and embrace program flexibility to integrate learnings.
Conclusions: Emergent principles offer guidance to supporting Indigenous community-led research and mobilization of knowledge into action. Principles are intended to support researchers and health system administrators with taking a collaborative approach that fosters relationships and integration of community leadership, knowledge, and action for food system change. Application of principles with implementation frameworks can strengthen KT in Indigenous contexts by incorporating community-protocols and perspectives in support of Indigenous self-determined priorities.
Endotracheal Actinomycosis Combined with Mucormycosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Zhujun , Guo Haiqing , Duan Hailing , Zhu Bingjing , Chen Yongfeng , Gong Liang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background: Actinomycosis and mucormycosis are very uncommon in clinical work, a combination of both two infection is much rarer in one host. Actinomycosis of the trachea is a chronic septic disease caused by an actinomycete infection with a very low incidence. It is easily misdiagnosed owing to the difficulty in obtaining microbiological evidence. Likewise, mucormycosis is a rare conditionally pathogenic invasive fungal infection, but with an abrupt start, quick progression, and extremely high mortality. It is frequently observed in individuals with immunosuppression-related disorders. The infection is rare in one host with both of the two above pathogens, and the site of infection involving only the main bronchi is even more uncommon, which is why we report the following case.
Case description: The patient, a 58-year-old lady, has a long history of diabetes and has trouble controlling her blood sugar. A whitish mass in the main bronchus was discovered via fiberoptic bronchoscopy as a result of breathing difficulties. Then, the diagnosis of complex intratracheal actinomycosis with mucor infection was supported by a pathological biopsy. After an active combination treatment with bronchoscopic cryotherapy, Holmium Laser coupled with amphotericin B and penicillin, the patient was successfully discharged.
Conclusions: Clinically, when imaging reveals intratracheal protuberant lesions, further fiberoptic bronchoscopy and an etiological investigation should be carried out as soon as feasible in order to prevent misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Numerical and Physical Modelling of Breast Cancer Based on Image Fusion and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Dołęga-Kozierowski Bartosz , Kasprzak Piotr , Lis Michał , Szynglarewicz Bartłomiej , Matkowski Rafał , Sawicki Marek , Dymek Mateusz , Szumiejko Adrianna , Carmo Gustavo , Kwiatkowski Artur , Soliński Daniel Grzegorz , Ptak Mariusz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose The key problem raised in the paper is the change in the position of the breast tumor due to magnetic resonance imaging examinations in the abdominal position relative to the supine position during the surgical procedure. Changing the position of the patient leads to significant deformation of the breast, which leads to the inability to indicate the location of the neoplastic lesion correctly.Methods This study outlines a methodological process for treating cancer patients. Pre-qualification assessments are conducted for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 3D scans are taken in three positions: supine with arms raised (SU), supine surgical position (SS), and standing (S). MRI and standard ultrasonography (USG) imaging are performed, and breast and cancer tissue are segmented from the MRI images. Finite element analysis is used to simulate tissue behavior in different positions, and an artificial neural network is trained to predict tumor dislocation. Based on the model, a 3D-printed breast with a highlighted tumor is manufactured. This computer-aided analysis is used to create a detailed surgical plan, and lumpectomy surgery is performed in the supine surgical position (SS). In addition, the geometry of the tumor is presented to the medical staff as a 3D-printed element.Results By utilizing a comprehensive range of techniques, including pre-qualification assessment, 3D scanning, MRI and USG imaging, segmentation of breast and cancer tissue, model analysis, image fusion, finite element analysis, artificial neural network training, and additive manufacturing, a detailed surgical plan can be created for performing lumpectomy surgery in the supine surgical position.Conclusion The new approach developed for the pre-operative assessment and surgical planning of breast cancer patients has demonstrated significant potential for improving the accuracy and efficacy of surgical procedures. This procedure may also help the pathomorphological justification. Moreover, transparent 3D-printed breast models can benefit breast cancer operation assistance. The physical and computational models can help surgeons visualize the breast and the tumor more accurately and detailedly, allowing them to plan the surgery with greater precision and accuracy.
Arterial Glyceryl Trinitrate in Acute Ischemic Stroke after Thrombectomy for Neuroprotection (AGAIN)：A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Gao Jie , Ding Yuchuan , Pang Qi , Rajah Gary B. , Geng Xiaokun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Although endovascular therapy demonstrates robust clinical efficacy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), not all stroke patients benefit from successful reperfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of intra-arterial administration of Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) after endovascular recanalization for neuroprotection. This is a prospective randomized controlled study. Eligible patients were randomized to receive 800µg GTN or same volume of normal saline through the catheter after recanalization. The primary outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), while the second outcome included mortality, functional outcome, infarction volume, complications, and blood nitrate index (NOx). A total of 40 patients were enrolled and randomized with no participants being lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference in the proportion of sICH between GTN and control groups. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in mortality or rates of neurological deterioration and other complications. Positive trends in outcome and imaging were noted with functional independence favoring the GTN group (75.0% vs. 65.0%,p = 0.731) at 90 days, as well as reduction in final infarct volume (33.2 vs. 38.9 ml,p = 0.779) for the GTN group. Moreover, the concentration of blood NOXin GTN group was significantly higher than control group at 2 hours after GTN administration (26.2 vs 18.0 µmol/l,p＜0.05). The AGAIN study suggests intra-arterial administration of GTN post endovascular therapy is safe and feasible and GTN successfully raised NOXlevels over controls at 2 hours. A multi-center randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is warranted to determine GTN neoadjuvant efficacy.
Hematological markers and prostate cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Pin , Zhu Zhaowei , Zhang Xuepei Xuepei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundProspective study has indicated an association between hematological markers and the risk of prostate cancer. However, such associations are easily influenced by confounding or reverse causality. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the independent causal effects of hematological markers on the risk of prostate cancer.MethodsWe conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using publicly available full association studies (GWAS) data, which included 79,148 cases of prostate cancer and 61,106 controls. The analysis revealed that 378 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were strongly correlated with mean corpuscular volume, 366 SNPs were tightly linked with mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and 102 SNPs were intricately connected with mean hemoglobin concentration. The primary estimate was obtained using the inverse-variance weighted method, while MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods were utilized to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsIn the meta-analysis of our results, elevated mean corpuscular volume was found to be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–0.98; P = 0.004). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.99; P = 0.019) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.98; P = 0.023) are both associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer.ConclusionsThis Mendelian randomization study provides evidence supporting the notion that elevated levels of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) may lower the risk of prostate cancer.
The song does not remain the same: daily singing of adult songbirds prevents passive changes in song structure independently of auditory feedback
Authors: Kojima Satoshi , Mizuguchi Daisuke , Sánchez-Valpuesta Miguel , Kim Yunbok , Santos Ednei dos , Kang Hijee , Mori Chihiro , Wada Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Many songbirds learned to produce songs through vocal practice in early life and continue to sing these songs daily throughout their lifetime. While it is well-known that adult songbirds sing as part of their mating rituals, the functions of singing behavior outside of reproductive contexts remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adult singing outside of reproductive contexts may serve to prevent passive changes in song performance. We found that suppressing daily singing for two weeks altered the acoustic and temporal structure of song, and that the song structure substantially recovered within two weeks of free singing. These reversible song changes were not dependent on auditory feedback or the age of the birds, contrasting with the adult song plasticity that has been reported previously. These results demonstrate that adult song structure is not stable without daily singing in non-reproductive contexts, and suggest that adult songbirds maintain song performance by preventing passive song changes through the physical act of daily singing throughout their life. Such daily singing likely functions as vocal training to maintain the song production system in optimal conditions for song performance in reproductive contexts, similar to how human singers and athletes practice daily to maintain their performance.
25-hydroxycholesterol promotes proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating ERβ/TNFRSF17 axis
Authors: Lin Yanliang , He Mengting , Jiang Wenbo , Li Xingkai , Liu Hongjin , Ren Hongsheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the main type of lung cancer in women. Our previous findings have evidenced that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) promotes migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells (LAC), during which LXR as a 25-HC receptor plays an important role. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is a receptor of 27-hydroxycholesterol that is structurally analogous to 25-HC, but its role in the functional actions of 25-HC remained largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that 25-HC treatment triggered ERβ expression in LAC. Knockdown of ERβ inhibited 25-HC-mediated proliferation, migration and invasion, and reduced 25-HC-induced LAC metastasis in vivo. Further investigation revealed that ERβ knockdown restrained the expression of TNFRSF17 (BCMA). In vivo experiments also confirmed that ERβ knockdown blocked 25-HC-induced TNFRSF17 expression. TNFRSF17 knockdown also restrained 25-HC-induced proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the levels of ERβ and TNFRSF17 were elevated in lung adenocarcinoma, and were closely related to tumor stages and nodal metastasis status. These results suggested that 25-HC promoted the proliferation and metastasis of LAC by regulating ERβ/TNFRSF17 axis.
Effects of high-antioxidant activity Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation, antioxidant and immunity status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Usman Samaila , Li Qiang , Li Fuhou , Zhang Xia , Nussio Luiz Gustavo , Guo Xusheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background During milk synthesis in lactating animals there is a high requirement for energy and oxygen which leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), which causes an imbalance between oxidates and antioxidants concentration leading to oxidative stress (OS). In order to prevent OS and other metabolic disorders in dairy goats as well as provide a better understanding of diets’ effects on redox status during the lactation period, this feeding trial was conducted. The trial evaluated the effects of feeding inoculated alfalfa silage with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain containing high-antioxidant activity and its effects on rumen fermentation, immune status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats.Methods Twenty-four Guanzhong dairy goats (38.1 ± 1.20 kg) were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: one diet contain L. plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage (RSMTD-1) and the other diet contain L. plantarum 24 − 7 with high antioxidant activity inoculated silage (ES24-7).Results Better fermentation quality and antioxidant activity were observed in ES24-7 than in the RSMTD-1 silage. Feed ES24-7 silage as a basal diet increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities in milk, serum, and feces of the lactating goats. The diet with ES24-7 silage also improved casein yield, milk free fatty acid (FFA) content, and vitamin A content in the dairy goats’ milk. Meanwhile, an enhancement of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 concentrations were observed, with a reduction in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in the serum of the lactating goats fed ES24-7 dietary treatment. Higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, and propionate were determined in the rumen fluid of dairy goats fed ES24-7 silage. In addition, the diet of dairy goats containing ES24-7 silage significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX2, CAT, glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) genes of the mammary gland, and a reduction of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), TNF, and interferon gamma (IFNG) levels.Conclusions These findings indicated that feeding L. plantarum 24 − 7 inoculated alfalfa silage not only improved rumen fermentation and milk quality of lactating dairy goats, but also enhanced their immunity and antioxidant status by upregulating the levels of several antioxidant- and inflammatory-related genes of the mammary gland.