bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Teachers and Principals on Professional Development Needs, Types, Impacts, and Challenges: A Case Study under Trashigang Dzongkhag
Authors: Tshering Tsheten 
Published: February 2023

This research was to study the perception of teachers and Principals on professional development needs, types, impacts, and challenges faced by surveying their views of them under Trashigang Dzongkhag. The objectives were to study the perception of teachers and principals on the most needed PD programs, that have produced the highest impact on teachers' knowledge of teaching, and challenges faced in professional development programs. The researcher used structured interviews and PD document analysis to apply qualitative research techniques. The study used a case study design and random sampling. Crest well's six steps of thematic analysis of the data were followed by applying color coding of the interviews and documents. Questionnaires were distributed to teachers and principals through the mail.
Findings indicated that the most needed professional development programs for teachers were ICT, 21st-century teaching pedagogies, subject content, action research, effective communication, curriculum instruction, and place-based education. It indicates that attending professional development has impacted teaching skills, professional growth, subject delivery, and producing competent learners. It revealed that they had faced the most challenges in attending professional development programs due to time constraints, limited resources, lack of opportunities, qualified facilitators, and nomination of the right participants for the program. Limited financial resources and workload hamper teachers from participating in the professional development program.
It is recommended that the Ministry of Education, Dzongkhag Education office, and schools ensure that PD programs must be strictly scheduled on suitable days to focus more on Content and pedagogical development of PD for teachers.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Mulches for Growth, Flowering and Yield Parameters on Ridge Gourd Variety Arka Prasan
Authors: Sushma K. , Padma M. , Rajkumar M. , Raja Goud Ch. , Kumar B. Naveen , Gouthami P. 
Published: February 2023

Aim: To study about the effect of organic and inorganic mulches on ridge gourd.
Study Design: The experiment was carried out with 7 treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Research trial was carried out at P.G block, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, SKLTSHU, Hyderabad during Kharif, 2021 and Summer, 2022.
Results: Among the organic and inorganic mulches treatments, the results reported that the silver black polyethylene mulch recorded highest in growth, flowering and yield parameters compared to other mulches.
Effect of Irrigation Level and Nitrogen Levels on Economics, Quality and Water Productivity of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Authors: Sharma Nupur , Kumar Yadav Vinod , Jangir Manisha 
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was conducted at krishi vigyan kendra, Sawaimadhopur, Rajasthan in two consecutive years of 2018-19 and 2019-20 on “Effect of irrigation level and nitrogen levels on economics, quality and water productivity of chandrasur (L. sativum)”. The highest economics net return was found with three irrigations [25, 50 & 75 days after sowing (DAS)] I3 (57517 Rs ha-1) which was at par with I2 with two irrigations (25 & 50 DAS) in the pooled data of both years. Highest benefit-cost (B/C) ratio was also found under three irrigations (25, 50 & 75 DAS) I3 (2.60) which was at par with (I2) two irrigations (25 & 50 DAS) in the pooled data of both years. Highest net return and B/C ratio was found with application of 80 Kg N ha-1 (57628 Rs ha-1) and (2.65) which was at par with 60 Kg N ha-1. In terms of oil yield Kg ha-1 highest oil yield was found with (I2) two irrigations (25 & 50 DAS) and 60 Kg N ha-1. Water productivity (kg m-3) was found lowest in the treatment (25, 50 & 75DAS) (I3) and 80 Kg N ha-1 which was at par with (I2) two irrigations (25 & 50 DAS) and 60 Kg N ha-1 .
Evolutionary Trend in Passiflora Species Revealed by RAPD-PCR, Gene Specific ITS and rbcl Markers
Authors: D. Lade Bipin , S. Patil Anita 
Published: February 2023

Background: The present study represents a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity among Passiflora species using amplified genotypic data of specific ITS and rbcL sequences and non-specific RAPD-PCR markers for investigation of the molecular phylogeny.
Methods: The PCR-RAPD uses ten primers for polymorphic DNA, which are compiled on NTSYS software to construct dendrogram. The gene specific ITS and rbcL primers are used for specific amplification from genomic. The amplified ITS and rbcL markers assembled using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The BLAST, CLUSTAL W, and MEGA 6.0 have been used to conclude final genetic relation tree.
Results: The PCR-RAPD primers translate 133 random amplified polymorphic DNA. NTSYS dendrogram placed P. vitifolia from Ramdaspeth and Shankar Nagar Nagpur, India in same clade (similarity coefficient 0.609) confirming same origin Nagpur India. Moreover, P. foetida from England is not coming in same clade with Indian P. foetida showing geographically intra-specific variation. In addition, the change in a constructed tree was observed with respect to change in phylogeny methods MS/ML. The ITS MP consensus tree is supported by strong 100 bootstrap value, clusters P. vitifolia (HNI and RNI) and P. foetida (UAI and UGI) in equivalent clade. However, no single species have been recovered using rbcL in MP and ML method. Thus, it is inference that rbcL have tendency to differentiate Passiflora species not allowing clustering around same species in same clade and the ITS region having parsimony informative sites that provide valid resolution and identification at inter-intra species level.
Conclusions: The evaluation of properties of RAPD indicates 100% PCR success, sometimes with low rate of amplification. The ITS region found to be best for identification at inter-intra species, On the contrary, rbcL region is good to distinguished inter species, making it best as local DNA barcode for marking a Passiflora species in phylogenetic community.
Cyclic Fatigue Fracture Resistance Evaluation of Three NiTi Rotary Multiple File Systems: An in-vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Kartik , Goel Aditi , Shah Khushnuma 
Published: February 2023

Background: This in-vitro study used cyclic fatigue testing device to compare the cyclic fatigue fracture resistance of three rotary multiple file system; Neoendo flex, Hanu Dent and Hero Gold.
Place and Duration of Study: Between November 2022 and January 2023 in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at the Institute of Dental Sciences Sehora in Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Methodology: In this research three rotary nickel titanium systems Neoendo flex, Hanu Dent and Hero Gold; Micromega of size #25 with 4% taper were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing. Each system contained ten files which were 25 mm long. Each experimental file had EDTA gel applied to it before being put into endodomotor handpiece with rubber stopper. The dental hand piece was attached to portable device making it easy to insert each instrument inside the artificial canal. The files were working in the artificial canal as long as fracture occurred. The number of cycles until fracture was then calculated using the time. NCF = Number of rotations per minute x Time to fracture.
Results: Hero Gold was followed by Hanu Dent in terms of mean values for the number of seconds to fracture. When utilized in curved canals, Neoendo Flex showed least resistance to cyclic fatigue fracture.
Clinical Significance: To endodontists, the choice of file systems in cleaning and shaping of root canal is a mystery. This in vitro study investigated the choice of rotary root canal preparation file systems. NiTi endodontic files that have undergone heat treatment have dramatically enhanced the cyclic fatigue résistance extending the average life of file systems.
The Use of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Extract Cream to Prevent Decreasing of Total Collagen in the Skin of Wistar Rats Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Light
Authors: Indryani Fauhan Kania , Ehrich Lister I. Nyoman , Fachrial Edy 
Published: February 2023

Aims: The study aimed to prove that the cream of Rosella flower extract (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) could prevent a decrease in the amount of collagen in the skin of Wistar rats exposed to ultraviolet-B light.
Study Design: This type of research is experimental, using a post-test-only control group design by giving 20% Rosella flower extract cream.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra. The research was conducted in 2020.
Methodology: The study consisted of two groups with a total sample of 12 male Wistar rats in each group. The P0 group, namely the control group, was exposed to UVB rays and smeared with cream with the essential ingredients. The P1 group was exposed to UVB rays and 20% Rosella flower extract cream. UVB exposure is given for 5 weeks with exposure capacities, namely: 40 mJ/cm2 (the week I), 60 mJ/cm2 (week II), 80 mJ/cm2 (week III), 100 mJ/cm2 (week IV) and 120 mJ/ cm2 (week V), then a biopsy was performed to examine the amount of collagen calculated through histopathological examination of skin tissue after staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E).
Results: The results showed that the average amount of collagen in the P0 group was 49,899±5,89%. The mean of the P1 group was higher by 56.358±6.81%. The comparison test results with the independent t-test obtained a t-value of 2.485 and a p-value of 0.021 (p <0.05). The findings explained a significant collagen amount difference between the P0 group and the P1 group.
Conclusion: The conclusion was that administration of 20% Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) flower extract cream prevented a decrease in the amount of collagen in the skin of Wistar rats exposed to ultraviolet-B light. It is recommended that further research is needed that examines the same topic as the study but with a combination of Rosella flower extract>20%.
Dynamic Cell Seeding of Polymer Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Vunjak‐Novakovic Gordana , Obradovic Bojana , Martin Ivan , Bursac Predrag M. , Langer Robert , Freed Lisa E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCell seeding of three‐dimensional polymer scaffolds is the first step of the cultivation of engineered tissues in bioreactors. Seeding requirements of large scaffolds to make implants for potential clinical use include: (a) high yield, to maximize the utilization of donor cells, (b) high kinetic rate, to minimize the time in suspension for anchorage‐dependent and shear‐sensitive cells, and (c) high and spatially uniform distribution of attached cells, for rapid and uniform tissue regeneration. Highly porous, fibrous polyglycolic acid scaffolds, 5–10 mm in diameter and 2–5 mm thick, were seeded with bovine articular chondrocytes in well‐mixed spinner flasks. Essentially, all cells attached throughout the scaffold volume within 1 day. Mixing promoted the formation of 20–32‐μm diameter cell aggregates that enhanced the kinetics of cell attachment without compromising the uniformity of cell distribution. The kinetics and possible mechanisms of cell seeding were related to the formation of cell aggregates by a simple mathematical model that can be used to optimize seeding conditions for cartilage tissue engineering.
Antioxidant enzyme levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal human oral epithelium
Authors: Yang J. , Lam E. W. N. , Hammad H. M. , Oberley T. D. , Oberley L. W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:  The antioxidant enzymes (manganese‐ and copper‐zinc‐containing superoxide dismutases, catalast and glutathione peroxidase) limit cell injury induced by reactive oxygen species. The purpose of the study was to determine whether human oral squamous cell carcinomas have altered antioxidant enzyme levels. This study is the first to undertake this task in human oral mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:  Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine 26 archived oral squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Fourteen well‐differentiated and 12 poorly differentiated tumors were examined, as were 12 specimens of oral mucosa. All sections were reviewed by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists, and image analysis of the immunostained sections was performed using NIH Image. Antioxidant enzyme staining intensities were compared in the different groups by Duncan's multiple range test.Results:  In general, mucosal basal cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme levels than spinous cells, and primary tumor cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than did their normal cell counterparts. Moreover, poorly differentiated tumor cells showed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than well‐differentiated tumor cells. Manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase staining intensities were, however, higher in well‐differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas than their normal cells of origin.Conclusions:  Detection of antioxidant enzymes may be a useful future marker in the molecular diagnosis of the oral cancer. Moreover, it may be possible to not only monitor the effectiveness of chemopreventitive and therapeutic strategies in oral cancer using these enzymes, but to monitor tumor recurrence.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene effect on CETP activity and plasma high‐density lipoprotein in European populations
Authors: Gudnason V. , Kakko S. , Nicaud V. , Savolainen M. J. , Kesäniemi Y. A. , Tahvanainen E. , Humphries S. , On Behalf Of The EARS group  
Published: July 2002

BackgroundVariation at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene locus has been implicated in determining the levels and activity of CETP, apoAI and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) plasma concentration and the risk of developing coronary artery disease.Study designThe effects of two common polymorphisms of CETP, TaqIB in intron 1 and isoleucine 405 to valine (I405 → V) in exon 14, were examined in a sample of 822 men age 18–28 years from 11 countries in Europe who had participated in a study (the European Atherosclerosis Research Study II) of the offspring of myocardial infarction sufferers before the age of 55 years and age‐matched control subjects.ResultsThe frequency of the rare TaqIB allele (B2) and the rare V405 allele was 0.44 and 0.28 respectively and was the same in different regions of Europe. There was a moderate linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms in all the regions (D′ = +0.31, P < 0.001), explained by the preferential association between the two common alleles, B1 and I405. There was a statistically significant association of the rare alleles for both the polymorphisms with lower activity of CETP (P < 0.001), 11.2% lower for the TaqIB and 7.0% lower for the I405→V polymorphism. The TaqIB polymorphism explained 9.1% (P < 0.001) and I405→V explained 3.7% (P < 0.001) of the variance in CETP activity, and in combination these genotypes explained 12.0% of the variance (P < 0.001). Overall, subjects whose fathers had had an early coronary heart disease had 2.4% higher plasma CETP activity than those without such family history, which became statistically significant when adjusted for the effect of the genotypes (P = 0.015), but the significance disappeared after adjustment for the effect of lipids. There was a statistically significant effect of the TaqIB polymorphism on both plasma HDL cholesterol and apoAI level (P < 0.001), with those homozygous for the rare B2 allele having the highest level. Those individuals homozygous for the rare V405 allele had the highest HDL and apoAI levels, although these effects only reached statistical significance for HDL (P < 0.03).ConclusionThese results suggest that the TaqIB and I405→V polymorphisms represent two independent functional variations in the CETP gene that may affect the activity of CETP and thus plasma levels of HDL.
Hind Limb Skeletal Lesions in 12‐Month‐Old Bulls of Beef Breeds
Authors: Dutra F. , Carlsten J. , Ekman S. 
Published: July 2002

In the present study, right hind limb bones from 46 12‐month‐old bulls with no clinical signs were examined to identify and describe lesions that could predispose the stifle and tarsal joints to osteoarthritis. The bulls came from a performance testing station and were slaughtered due to a low index at the end of the testing period 1996–97. Differences in frequency of lesions among breeds as well as the relationship between lesions and growth rate were evaluated. Forty‐five (97.8 %) of the 46 bulls had lesions in the joints and/or growth plates. Prevalence of lesions was 100 % in the Charolais (22/22), the Hereford (8/8), and the Limousin (4/4) breeds, and 85.7 % (6/7) in the Simmental breed. The stifle was affected in 37, the tarsus in 33, and the growth plates in 34, of the 46 bulls. Lesions found in the stifle joint were: osteochondrosis of the articular‐epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) (25), subchondral bone cyst of the distal femur (1), fragmentation of the medial intercondylar eminence of the tibia (20), cleft in the distal part of the patellar groove (28), and an avulsion fracture of the lateral condyle together with a partial tear of the cranial cruciate ligament (1). Lesions found in the tarsal joint were: osteochondrosis of the AECC (23), ulcerative lesions of the articular cartilage of the talus (25), and fracture of the medial malleolus (4). Twenty‐eight bulls had lesions of osteochondrosis at the AECC and 37 at the growth plates. When osteochondrosis at the AECC and thickening of the growth plates were combined, 44 of the 46 bulls had at least one lesion at the AECC and/or the growth plate.Prevalence of bulls with at least one lesion was similar between breeds, but the number of lesions per bull was significantly higher in Charolais followed by Simmental, Hereford, and Limousin. Number of lesions per bull was significantly correlated with daily weight gain, carcase weight, and the width of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Lesions were statistically independent, indicating that local biomechanical factors within the joints are important in the pathogenesis.In conclusion, we suggest that the high incidence of hind limb osteoarthritis reported in the Swedish beef bull population can be explained by the high prevalence of skeletal lesions found in the present material. The lesions appeared to be related to high growth rate and to the breed.
Relationship of the eye to the bony orbit, with clinical correlations
Authors: Md R A Goldberg , Ba A Relan , Md J Hoenig 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: To examine normal anatomic relationship of the globe to the bony orbit, and relate variations in this relationship to clinical parameters. Methods: Seventy‐nine axial and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the globe and orbit were studied. Any patients with pathology, as reported by the radiologists’ findings, were excluded. Measurements were made on the images to determine the position of the globe relative to the bony orbit and to describe the configuration of the anterior face of the maxillary sinus. Clinical measurements were performed on photographs of 36 patients who underwent MRI scans. An independent observer rated these photographs for two clinical findings: inferior scleral show and tear trough deformity. Results: Correlations were found in the following sets of variables. (i) Corneal projection from infraorbital rim and corneal projection from lateral rim; (ii) corneal projection from supraorbital rim and corneal projection from lateral rim; (iii) scleral show and corneal projection from lateral orbital rim; and (iv) tear trough deformity rating and angle of anterior face of maxillary sinus. There were no significant correlations found in the other data variables. Conclusions: The data show that abnormal relationships between the globe and the bony orbit can have clinical consequences. Inferior scleral show is shown to be related to relative globe prominence, measured from either the lateral or the inferior orbital rims. The tear trough deformity is correlated with a sloping maxillary face. The results provide a rational basis for surgeries designed to normalize these relationships.
Screening for Type 2 diabetes: an exploration of subjects’ perceptions regarding diagnosis and procedure
Authors: M. C. Adriaanse , F. J. Snoek , J. M. Dekker , H. M. Van Der Ploeg , R. J. Heine 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAim To explore the psychological impact of a stepwise population‐screening project for Type 2 diabetes.Methods As part of a stepwise population screening project for Type 2 diabetes in the Hoorn region, The Netherlands, an explorative interview study was conducted. The psychological impact of screening was studied using semistructured interviews in 40 subjects: 20 who were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, and 20 subjects who were at increased risk of having diabetes but who did not meet criteria for diabetes. Transcripts were analysed using techniques of content analysis.Results Newly diagnosed subjects reported limited understanding of their elevated blood glucose levels. None, with the exception of one, was alarmed by the diagnosis. Having Type 2 diabetes was not experienced as severe and no concerns were expressed. Adjusting diet was perceived as a major change by some. All newly diagnosed subjects had informed close relatives and friends of the diabetes, who were in general not alarmed by the news. Both groups positively judged the screening procedure. In general the screening procedure was considered as useful and not experienced as burdensome.Conclusions This explorative study suggests that the psychological impact of screening in newly diagnosed subjects is limited. Both those who were and those who were not diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes judged the screening procedure positively.Diabet. Med. 19, 406–411 (2002)
Changes in endometrial thickness, width, length and pattern in predicting pregnancy outcome during ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization
Authors: Bassil S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the clinical features of the endometrium as observed by transvaginal high resolution sonography are predictive of pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization cycles.Patients and MethodsOne hundred and forty‐five patients undergoing in vitro fertilization were included in this prospective controlled study. Endometrial thickness, width, length, growth and pattern during the follicular and early luteal phases of stimulated cycles were assessed using transvaginal ultrasound by an operator who was blinded to the protocol of stimulation and to the type of assisted reproductive technology treatment. The relationship between these findings and embryo implantation and pregnancy outcome was examined.ResultsThere were no significant differences in endometrial thickness, width, length, growth and pattern in conception compared to non‐conception cycles. The endometrial growth and its pattern transformation during the stimulation did not influence the pregnancy outcome.ConclusionThe endometrial features as assessed by transvaginal ultrasound do not provide significant prognostic information with regard to the outcome of in vitro fertilization. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology