bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap: Optimising connectivity solutions for an arboreal gliding mammal
Authors: Lee Rachel S. K. , Mendes Calebe P. , Liang Stacey S. Q. , Yang Vera W. X. , Eng Delaney K. L. , Ong Wei Bin , Chua Yen Kheng , Byrnes Greg , Lim Norman T.‐L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Connectivity modelling tools are important for developing mitigation strategies to alleviate negative impacts on animal movement caused by road networks. Arboreal gliding mammals are especially vulnerable to road widening as they are unable to cross gaps beyond their gliding capacity. However, there are limitations of conventional raster‐based modelling techniques when applied on this group.

We developed and applied a new model that quantifies the changes in connectivity for an arboreal gliding species, the Sunda colugo, in Singapore using information on species‐specific glide performance through a vector‐based approach. We also incorporated a genetic algorithm to determine optimal locations for sets of glide poles that could be installed to improve connectivity.

Expectedly, connectivity was heavily impacted by the road widening works, with a 93.3% decrease in the total number of feasible glide paths connecting roadside trees.

Nine glide poles installed during the construction phase of the project were initially uninformed by the connectivity model and they provided 26 additional connections only. Comparatively, the top nine pole locations identified through the genetic algorithm provided 247 additional connections, almost 10 times more than the amount supplied by the initial nine glide pole locations determined through qualitative methods.

The multi‐objective capacity of the genetic algorithm also reduced large connectivity gaps post‐development, with simulated glide poles increasing the percentage of pixels covered with connectivity from 16.1% to 27.7%.

Synthesis and applications. Our model fills a knowledge gap in connectivity modelling for arboreal gliding mammals whose movements are affected by varying habitat alterations. We demonstrated that locations of mitigation structures greatly influence the success of mitigation efforts and the locations can be optimised by incorporating the glide performance of the species into the genetic algorithm. Given limited conservation resources, this approach would benefit managers in formulating cost‐effective efforts for arboreal gliding mammals.
Afforestation and abandonment of semi‐natural grasslands lead to biodiversity loss and a decline in ecosystem services and functions
Authors: Prangel Elisabeth , Kasari‐Toussaint Liis , Neuenkamp Lena , Noreika Norbertas , Karise Reet , Marja Riho , Ingerpuu Nele , Kupper Tiiu , Keerberg Liis , Oja Ede , Meriste Mart , Tiitsaar Anu , Ivask Mari , Helm Aveliina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

During the past century, semi‐natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely been converted into intensively managed agricultural areas, abandoned or afforested. These large‐scale land‐use changes have already resulted in considerable biodiversity loss but can also lead to decline in ecosystem service provision and ecosystem multifunctionality.

We assessed the impact of afforestation and abandonment of semi‐natural grasslands on the supply of ecosystem services in Western Estonia. We compared a wide array of services provided by open grasslands, abandoned grasslands and afforested grasslands. Additionally, we analysed the impact of land‐use change and species richness on ecosystem multifunctionality.

Significant declines in the supply of pollination services, natural pest regulation, forage production, soil quality, wild food and cultural appreciation of landscape were detected as a result of overgrowing or afforestation.

There was significant positive relationship between species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality, that is, more biodiverse grasslands were able to support more services at higher capacity.

Results show that both grassland degradation due to abandonment, as well as grassland afforestation, have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, on the supply of multiple important ecosystem services and on the ecosystem multifunctionality.

Synthesis and applications. Temperate semi‐natural grasslands have high biodiversity and capacity to deliver multiple important ecosystem services simultaneously. Conservation and restoration of grassland habitats must be considered as an important part of sustainable landscape planning.
A failing anthropology of colonial failure: following a driver's uniform found at Amani research station, Tanzania
Authors: Geissler P. Wenzel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe remains of Amani, a century‐old scientific laboratory in Tanzania, are quintessential modern relics. When anthropologists turn to such infrastructures of, originally colonial, knowledge‐making, their own implication with the object of their study – and with its epistemological and political‐economic origins and order – becomes part of the ethnographic pursuit. This entanglement between researcher and research material should challenge familiar realist modes of ethnographic writing ‘about’ such places that elude the anthropologists’ own, compromised position within them. Matters are complicated further when the studied knowledge‐making sites already are broken, having failed their purpose – as in the case of the vestiges of an abandoned colonial institution. In this essay, I wonder how such ruins of knowledge‐making might transform the knowledge made by anthropologists working within them. Instead of just adding ‘reflexive’ confessions to realist accounts, could writing take part in the defeat that the scientific station's remains seem to embody – writing not ‘after/beyond’ but ‘going along with’ failure? Drawing on non‐representational ethnography, and poet‐anthropologist Hubert Fichte's embrace of epistemic defeat as anticolonial method, I trace my engagements with just one fragment of the scientific station – a driver's uniform. In doing so, I experiment with an object ethnography that ‘fails’ to detach author and object, or settle the question of failure, and instead foregrounds performativity, ambiguity, and mirth as starting points for an ethnography of, and in, our modern ruins.
The use of accounting information in the tax base in the Pillar 2 global minimum tax: a discussion of the rules, potential problems, and possible alternatives
Authors: Hanlon Michelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I provide a high‐level, non‐technical review of how accounting information is used in Pillar 2 and what this means for the tax base. In addition, I discuss potential problems of using accounting data explicitly in a minimum tax and then, specifically, as the starting point for the computation of the income measures in Pillar 2. I then discuss several alternative solutions that may be simpler – or at least no more complex – and, importantly, pose fewer problems in terms of the quality of financial accounting information and the information available to capital markets.
The EU's COVID‐19 policy response and the restructuring of global value chains
Authors: Curran Louise , Eckhardt Jappe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID pandemic highlighted the interdependence which the expansion of global value chains (GVCs) has fostered across the world economy. Perceived fragilities in the supply of key products led to a growing global debate about the wisdom of high levels of reliance on overseas sources, with several commentators suggesting that the pandemic will foster ‘de‐globalisation’. Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the economic disruption which accompanied it, have only served to strengthen concerns about interdependence, especially in Europe. In this paper, we draw on analysis of EU policy responses and GVC governance theory to inform the question of whether it is likely that there will be a major reduction in the geographical reach of GVCs due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We argue that, although changes in certain GVCs are likely to be fostered (and reinforced) by the response to the pandemic, it does not make widespread ‘de‐globalisation’ inevitable. Some GVCs will likely reduce in geographic scope, becoming more regional or national, especially in industries which are considered ‘strategic’. However, pressures to de‐globalise and their practical impacts will vary significantly across countries and industrial sectors, depending not only on public policy responses, but on variations in the governance of GVCs themselves.
Seasonal, weekly and other cyclical patterns in deaths due to drug poisoning in England and Wales
Authors: Lewer Dan , Brothers Thomas D. , Gasparrini Antonio , Strang John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and aimThe rate of drug poisoning (or overdose) deaths in England and Wales has risen annually since 2010. We aimed to measure seasonal and other cyclical changes in these deaths within years.MethodsWe used the daily count of deaths due to drug poisoning in England and Wales between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2018 to investigate variation by season, weekday, week‐of‐month and public holiday. We used Poisson regression to estimate the count of deaths per day for each of these variables and peak‐to‐low ratios. We also stratified the analysis by time period and whether an opioid was mentioned on the death certificate.Results78 583 deaths occurred between 1993 and 2018, increasing from 5.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.24–5.77) per day in 1993 to 13.18 (95% CI = 12.66–13.72) per day in 2018. The rate peaked in Spring and was 1.07 (95% CI = 1.04–1.09) times higher in April than in October. This seasonal pattern emerged in the past decade and was only present for opioid‐related deaths. The rate at New Year was 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17–1.41) times higher than on non‐holidays; and this peak was only present for deaths that were not related to opioids. The rate was higher on Saturday than on other weekdays. We did not find evidence that the number of deaths varied by week‐of‐month.ConclusionsDeaths due to drug poisoning in England and Wales are seasonal and peak in Spring and briefly at New Year. This suggests a role of external triggers. These seasonal variations are small compared with long‐term increases in drug‐related deaths.
Inbreeding depression and durability in the North American Thoroughbred horse
Authors: Hill Emmeline W. , McGivney Beatrice A. , MacHugh David E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe proportion of the genome containing runs of homozygosity (ROH) affects production traits in livestock populations. In European and Australasian Thoroughbreds inbreeding, quantified using ROH (FROH), is associated with the probability of ever racing. Here, we measured FROH using 333 K SNP genotypes from 768 Thoroughbred horses born in North America to evaluate the effect of inbreeding on racing traits in that region. Among North American horses, FROH was not associated (p = 0.518) with the probability of ever racing but was significantly associated with the number of race starts (p = 0.002). Among raced horses, those with a 10% higher FROH than the mean inbreeding coefficient were predicted to have 3.5 fewer race starts compared to horses with a mean inbreeding coefficient. Considering the trend of increasing inbreeding and a decline in the average number of race starts per runner in North America, mitigating inbreeding in the population could positively influence racing durability.
The effect of exercise training level on arterial stiffness after clinically significant weight loss
Authors: Swift Damon L. , McGee Joshua E. , Grammer Emily E. , Huff Anna C. , Clunan Marie C. , Hursey Nicole , Brown Taylor T. , Osborne Briceida G. , Houmard Joseph A. , Carels Robert A. , Pories Walter J. , Matarese Laura E. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryArterial stiffness is improved by weight loss. However, no data exist on the impact of aerobic exercise levels on arterial stiffness during weight maintenance. Adults who were overweight or with obesity (N = 39) participated in a 10‐week weight loss program. Participants who achieved ≥7% weight loss were randomized to aerobic training at the minimum physical activity guidelines (PA‐REC, 550 MET min/week) or weight maintenance guidelines (WM‐REC, 970 MET min/week) for 18 additional weeks. Arterial stiffness (carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV], augmentation index normalized for 75 beats/min [AIX75]) and blood pressure [aortic and brachial]) were assessed at baseline, the end of the weight loss phase (week 10), and follow‐up (week 28). There was a reduction in cfPWV in participants who met the weight loss goal (−0.34 m/s, p = .02) and approached significance for the entire sample (p = .051). Similarly, there were reductions in AIX75, brachial blood pressure, and aortic blood pressure (p < .05) in the full sample. In the weight maintenance phase, no differences were observed between the PA‐REC and the WM‐REC groups for change in arterial stiffness or blood pressure (p > .05). However, changes in cfPWV were independently associated with changes in LDL (r2: 0.45, p = .004) and exercise intensity (r2: 0.17, p = .033). Aerobic exercise level at the minimum physical activity guidelines or weight maintenance guidelines does not affect the change in PWV or the change in cfPWV after clinically significant weight loss. However, interventions which limit increases in LDL cholesterol and promote high‐intensity aerobic exercise may prevent increases in stiffness during weight maintenance.
Interaction of buspirone and its major metabolites with human organic cation transporters
Authors: Jinakote Metee , Jutabha Promsuk , Anzai Naohiko , Ontawong Atcharaporn , Soodvilai Sunhapas , Inchai Jakkapong , Vaddhanaphuti Chutima S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBuspirone, a cationic drug, is an anxiolytic and antidepressant drug. However, whether buspirone and its metabolites are interacted with organic cationic transporter remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the interaction of buspirone and its major metabolites 1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1‐PP) and 6‐hydroxybuspirone (6′‐OH‐Bu) with hOCTs using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco‐2) cells, and S2 cells expressing OCT1 (S2hOCT1), 2 (S2hOCT2), or 3 (S2hOCT3). Coadministration of buspirone and fluorescent 4‐(4‐(dimethylamino)styryl)‐N‐methylpyridinium (ASP+) was examined using HepG2 cells, and [3H]‐1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) transport was assessed in S2 cell overexpressing hOCTs. The results showed that ASP+ transport was suppressed by buspirone with an IC50 of 26.3 ± 2.9 μM without any cytotoxic effects in HepG2 expressing hOCTs cells. Consistently, buspirone strongly inhibited [3H]‐MPP+ uptake by S2hOCT1, S2hOCT2, and S2hOCT3 cells with an IC50s of 89.0 ± 1.3 μM, 43.7 ± 7.5 μM, and 20.4 ± 1.0 μM, respectively. Nonetheless, 6′‐OH‐Bu and 1‐PP caused weak or no inhibition on ASP+ and [3H]‐MPP+ transport. These findings suggest the potential interaction of buspirone with organic cation drugs that are handled by hOCT3. However, further clinical relevance is needed to support these findings for preventing drug–drug interaction in patients who take prescribed drugs together with buspirone.
COLLINGWOOD'S WHALE, CHAKRABARTY'S CONUNDRUM, AND BRAUDEL'S BORROWED TIME
Authors: Palmié Stephan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAs R. G. Collingwood noted toward the end of his life, the physiologically limited “time‐phase” of human observational capacity cannot but deliver a fundamentally anthropocentric and temporally myopic conception of the world as eventful, destructive, and devoid of larger, perhaps cyclical, regularities. Developing at around the same time, Fernand Braudel's project of a history of the longue durée of human interactions with the environment aimed to subvert the short time‐phase of a history accessible to immediate human experience. Although Collingwood and Braudel aimed at a conceptual merger of natural history and human history, neither of them could have foreseen what Dipesh Chakrabarty has described as their collapse into each other, which was effected by humanity's transformation into a geophysical force that produced massive, likely irreversible, and certainly long‐lasting climate change. Looking at two very different examples of a rapidly growing body of literature on an extractivist orientation as a key factor in anthropogenic ecological transformations on both local and planetary scales, this review essay suggests that an “intra‐active” (in Karen Barad's sense) view of human‐environmental relationality might help us conceptualize forms of temporality that are capable of superseding Collingwood's anthropocentric “time‐phase.”
Evaluation of the performance of a novel HIV‐1 viral load assay for HIV quantification in China
Authors: Deng Xizi , Li Liya , Cai Xiaoli , Lin Yaqing , Lan Yun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to assess the HIV‐1 quantification performance of the Livzon HIV‐1 viral load (VL) assay and the Roche Cobas HIV‐1 assay to evaluate an HIV‐1 VL testing reagent for application in China.MethodWe compared the Livzon and Roche Cobas HIV‐1 VL assays using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma samples collected between May 2021 and November 2021 from patients with HIV‐1 and healthy controls. We used Cohen's κ coefficient to measure agreement of qualitative values and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) values and the coefficient of determination (R2) to determine the linear relationship between the two assays. We performed a Bland–Altman analysis to assess VL quantification agreement.ResultsIn total, 11 plasma samples from patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) and nine samples from healthy controls were undetectable on both assays. Overall agreement was seen in 419 of 500 specimens (91.40%), with a κ value of 0.59. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the two assays was 0.970. Using the Bland–Altman method, 95.14% (352/370) of paired VLs fell within the 95% confidence limits of agreement (−0.51 to 0.95 log10 copies/mL). Higher VLs had a better correlation and a smaller mean difference between the two assays. Pearson's correlation coefficient for the samples of subtype CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and CRF55_01B was 0.950, 0.935, and 0.952, respectively.ConclusionThe Livzon HIV‐1 VL assay exhibits good precision and linearity and a high correlation with the Roche Cobas HIV‐1 assay. The Livzon HIV‐1 VL assay has salient advantages in terms of the lyophilized powder reagent, which gives the assay greater stability and sensitivity and can be readily used in low‐resource areas.
The invisible work of transfer centre nurses: A qualitative study of strategies to overcome communication challenges
Authors: Saucke Megan C. , Alagoz Esra , Arroyo Natalia , Gutierrez‐Meza Diana E. , Fernandes‐Taylor Sara , Ingraham Angela M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the role of transfer centre nurses and how they facilitate communication between referring and accepting providers during calls about interhospital transfers, including their strategies to overcome communication challenges.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 17 transfer centre nurses at one tertiary medical centre from March to August 2019, asking participants to describe their work. We performed content analysis, applying codes based on the Relational Coordination Framework and generating emergent codes, then organized codes in higher‐order concepts. We followed the COREQ checklist.ResultsTransfer centre nurses employed multiple strategies to mitigate communication challenges. When referring providers had misconceptions about the transfer centre nurse's role and the accepting hospital's processes, the nurses informed referring providers why sharing information with them was necessary. If providers expressed frustrations or lacked understanding about their counterpart's caseload, the nurses managed providers' emotions by letting them “vent,” explaining the other provider's situational context and describing the hospital's capabilities. Some nurses also mediated conflict and sought to break the tension if providers debated about the best course of action. When providers struggled to share complete and accurate information, the nurses hunted down details and ‘filled in the blanks’.ConclusionTransfer centre nurses perform invisible work throughout the lifespan of interhospital transfers. Nurses' expert knowledge of the transfer process and hospitals' capabilities can enhance provider communication. Meanwhile, providers' lack of knowledge of the nurse's role can impede respectful and efficient transfer conversations. Interventions to support and optimize the transfer centre nurses' critical work are needed.ImpactThis study describes how transfer centre nurses facilitate communication and overcome challenges during calls about interhospital transfers. An intervention that supports this critical work has the potential to benefit nurses, providers and patients by ensuring accurate and complete information exchange in an effective, efficient manner that respects all parties.Patient or public contributionThis study was designed to capture the perspectives and experiences of transfer centre nurses themselves through interviews. Therefore, it was not conducted using input or suggestions from the public or the patient population served by the organization.
Can radiomic features extracted from intra‐oral radiographs predict physiological bone remodelling around dental implants? A hypothesis‐generating study
Authors: Troiano Giuseppe , Fanelli Francesco , Rapani Antonio , Zotti Matteo , Lombardi Teresa , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Stacchi Claudio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe rate of physiological bone remodelling (PBR) occurring after implant placement has been associated with the later onset of progressive bone loss and peri‐implantitis, leading to medium‐ and long‐term implant therapy failure. It is still questionable, however, whether PBR is associated with specific bone characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess whether radiomic analysis could reveal not readily appreciable bone features useful for the prediction of PBR.Materials and MethodsRadiomic features were extracted from the radiographs taken at implant placement (T0) using LifeX software. Because of the multi‐centre design of the source study, ComBat harmonization was applied to the cohort. Different machine‐learning models were trained on selected radiomic features to develop and internally validate algorithms capable of predicting high PBR. In addition, results of the algorithm were included in a multivariate analysis with other clinical variables (tissue thickness and depth of implant position) to test their independent correlation with PBR.ResultsSpecific radiomic features extracted at T0 are associated with higher PBR around tissue‐level implants after 3 months of unsubmerged healing (T1). In addition, taking advantage of machine‐learning methods, a naive Bayes model was trained using radiomic features selected by fast correlation‐based filter (FCBF), which showed the best performance in the prediction of PBR (AUC = 0.751, sensitivity = 66.0%, specificity = 68.4%, positive predictive value = 73.3%, negative predictive value = 60.5%). In addition, results of the whole model were included in a multivariate analysis with tissue thickness and depth of implant position, which were still found to be independently associated with PBR (p‐value < .01).ConclusionThe combination of radiomics and machine‐learning methods seems to be a promising approach for the early prediction of PBR. Such an innovative approach could be also used for the study of not readily disclosed bone characteristics, thus helping to explain not fully understood clinical phenomena. Although promising, the performance of the radiomic model should be improved in terms of specificity and sensitivity by further studies in this field.