bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of diet in managing menopausal symptoms: A narrative review
Authors: Yelland Sophie , Steenson Simon , Creedon Annette , Stanner Sara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMenopause is a natural stage that occurs when women stop menstruating, during which many women experience physical and psychological symptoms that can affect their quality of life and ability to work. Dietary modifications and food supplements may be explored by some women as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy, although existing reviews and expert position statements have given this limited consideration. This narrative review summarises the current evidence for dietary patterns, and botanical and food supplements, in the management of common menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flushes; night sweats), changes in bodyweight and composition, psychological symptoms (depression; anxiety; cognitive changes), sleep disturbances, joint pain, skin changes and urogenital symptoms. Soy isoflavones may reduce the frequency and/or severity of VMS, although results are inconsistent, and it is unclear whether dietary and supplemental sources have comparable effects. Adopting a healthier dietary pattern may support a healthy bodyweight and benefit VMS. However, evidence suggesting dietary patterns may benefit depression, anxiety, and cognition remains largely observational. While some botanicals, such as black cohosh and St John's Wort, have been reported in some studies to alleviate symptoms (such as VMS and depression), these are not currently recommended due to uncertainty about the appropriate dose and preparation, and potential safety concerns. Evidence for other symptoms is currently too limited to draw conclusions. While further trials at different menopausal stages are needed, adopting a healthier dietary pattern in accordance with dietary guidelines is likely to help support women's health before, during and after the menopausal transition.
CT‐Based Calculation Model Assists Precise Treatment for Anterior and Posterior Ankle Bony Impingement
Authors: Ou Yong‐liang , Li Ping‐yue , Xia Hong 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAnkle arthroscope is the preferred tool for ankle surgeons to treat ankle impingement. However, there is no relevant report on how to improve the accuracy of arthroscopic osteotomy through preoperative planning. The aims of this study were to investigate a novel method to obtain the bone morphology in anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement through computed tomography (CT) calculation model, use this method to guide surgical decision‐making, and compare the postoperative efficacy and actual bone cutting volume with conventional surgery.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study includes 32 consecutive cases with anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement by arthroscopy from January 2017 to December 2019. Mimics software was utilized to calculate the bony morphology and measure the volume of the osteophytes by two trained software engineers. The patients were divided into the precise group (n = 15) and the conventional group (n = 17) according to whether obtain and quantify the osteophytes' morphology with CT based calculation model preoperative. All patients were evaluated clinically using visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angle before and after surgery at both 3 months and 12 months postoperatively. We obtained the shape and volume of bone cutting through Boolean calculation. Clinical outcomes and radiological data were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe VAS score, AOFAS score, active dorsiflexion angle and plantarflexion angle were significantly improved in both groups postoperatively. In comparison of the VAS score, AOFAS score, and active dorsiflexion angle, the precise group were higher than the conventional group in the follow‐up at 3 and 12 months postoperatively with statistical difference. The difference between the virtual bone cutting volume and the actual bone cutting volume of the anterior edge of distal tibia in the conventional group and precise group were 244.20 ± 147.66 mm3 and 76.53 ± 168.51 mm3, respectively, there was statistical difference between the two groups (t = −2.927, p = 0.011).ConclusionUsing a novel method of obtaining and quantifying the bony morphology with CT‐based calculation model for anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement can help guide surgical decision‐making preoperatively and assist precise bone cutting during the operation, which can improve the efficacy and evaluate the accuracy of osteotomy postoperatively.
The Optimal Period of Staged Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Procedures under Enhanced Recovery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Kaibo , Pi Jinkui , Wu Yuangang , Zeng Yi , Xu Jiawen , Wu Limin , Li Mingyang , Shen Bin 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe implications of the interval of staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures for postoperative complications and costs are not clear. We aimed to determine the optimal time interval between the two stages of bilateral TKA procedures under the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.MethodsThis retrospective study of collected data included bilateral TKA cases under the ERAS protocol performed between 2018 and 2021 at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The staged time was subdivided into three groups according to the interval between the first TKA and second contralateral TKA: group 1: 2‐ to 6‐month, group 2: 6‐ to 12‐month, and group 3: >12 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay (LOS), hemoglobin (Hb) decrease, hematocrit (Hct) decrease, and albumin (Alb) decrease.ResultsWe analyzed 281 patients who underwent staged bilateral TKAs between 2018 and 2021 at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Regarding postoperative complications, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.21). For the mean LOS, the 6‐ to 12‐month group had a significantly shorter LOS compared with the 2‐ to 6‐month group (P < 0.01). There was also a significant decrease in Hct of the 2‐ to 6‐month group compared with the 6‐ to 12‐month group and the >12 months group (P = 0.02; P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionStaging the second arthroplasty for more than a half year seems to offer a reduction in the rate of postoperative complications and LOS under ERAS protocol. ERAS shortens the interval of staged bilateral TKA by at least 6 months for patients who might receive their second surgery without the need to wait for an extended period.
The Consequences of the COVID‐19 Pandemic for Fertility and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Spanish Birth Registers
Authors: Cozzani Marco , Fallesen Peter , Passaretta Giampiero , Härkönen Juho , Bernardi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine the joint consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic for fertility and birth outcomes by drawing on full population administrative data from Spain. We find a surprising improvement in birth outcomes in November and to a less extent in December 2020 (eight to nine months after the first wave of the pandemic) compared with monthly trends in the 10 previous years (2010–2019). The improvement in birth outcomes was shortly followed by a decline in fertility, which concentrated on first births, births to women without a tertiary degree, and births to young and old mothers, respectively. These findings are consistent with the idea that the pandemic selectively affected conception, which showed up first as an improvement in birth outcomes due to the missing conceptions of frail‐children‐to‐be (preterm and low birth weight) and then as a lowered fertility rate due to the missing conception of at‐term children.
Growing convergence research: Coproducing climate projections to inform proactive decisions for managing simultaneous wildfire risk
Authors: Cullen Alison C. , Prichard Susan J. , Abatzoglou John T. , Dolk Alexandra , Kessenich Lee , Bloem Sunniva , Bukovsky Melissa S. , Humphrey Reed , McGinnis Seth , Skinner Haley , Mearns Linda O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe apply a convergence research approach to the urgent need for proactive management of long‐term risk associated with wildfire in the United States. In this work we define convergence research in accordance with the US National Science Foundation—as a means of addressing a specific and compelling societal problem for which solutions require deep integration across disciplines and engagement of stakeholders. Our research team brings expertise in climate science, fire science, landscape ecology, and decision science to address the risk from simultaneous and impactful fires that compete for management resources, and leverages climate projections for decision support. In order to make progress toward convergence our team bridges spatial and temporal scale divides arising from differences in disciplinary and practice‐based norms. We partner with stakeholders representing US governmental, tribal, and local decision contexts to coproduce a robust information base for support of decision making about wildfire preparedness and proactive land/fire management. Our approach ensures that coproduced information will be directly integrated into existing tools for application in operations and policy making. Coproduced visualizations and decision support information provide projections of the change in expected number of fires that compete for resources, the number of fire danger days per year relative to prior norms, and changes in the length and overlap of fire season in multiple US regions. Continuing phases of this work have been initiated both by stakeholder communities and by our research team, a demonstration of impact and value.
Association between external training loads and injury incidence during 44 weeks of military training
Authors: Powell Steven D. , Siddall Andrew G. , Needham‐Beck Sarah C. , Edwards Victoria C. , Light Neil , Jackson Sarah , Greeves Julie P. , Blacker Sam D. , Myers Stephen D. 
Published: February 2023

Military training is physically arduous and associated with high injury incidence. Unlike in high‐performance sport, the interaction between training load and injury has not been extensively researched in military personnel. Sixty‐three (43 men, 20 women; age 24 ± 2 years; stature 1.76 ± 0.09 m; body mass 79.1 ± 10.8 kg) British Army Officer Cadets undergoing 44 weeks of training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst volunteered to participate. Weekly training load (cumulative 7‐day moderate‐vigorous physical activity [MVPA], vigorous PA [VPA], and the ratio between MVPA and sedentary‐light PA [SLPA; MVPA:SLPA]) was monitored using a wrist‐worn accelerometer (GENEActiv, UK). Self‐report injury data were collected and combined with musculoskeletal injuries recorded at the Academy medical center. Training loads were divided into quartiles with the lowest load group used as the reference to enable comparisons using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Overall injury incidence was 60% with the most common injury sites being the ankle (22%) and knee (18%). High (load; OR; 95% CI [>2327 mins; 3.44; 1.80–6.56]) weekly cumulative MVPA exposure significantly increased odds of injury. Similarly, likelihood of injury significantly increased when exposed to low‐moderate (0.42–0.47; 2.45 [1.19–5.04]), high‐moderate (0.48–0.51; 2.48 [1.21–5.10]), and high MVPA:SLPA loads (>0.51; 3.60 [1.80–7.21]). High MVPA and high‐moderate MVPA:SLPA increased odds of injury by ~2.0 to 3.5 fold, suggesting that the ratio of workload to recovery is important for mitigating injury occurrence.
Evaluating the psychometrics of the SSIS SEL in a socio‐economically diverse sample
Authors: Syeda Maisha , Kim Sue , Graham Rachelle , Cwinn Eli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increasing interest in implementing social‐emotional learning (SEL) interventions within schools calls for more reliable and valid assessment tools to measure the effectiveness of SEL programs. We investigated the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Skills Improvement System – Social‐Emotional Learning Edition (SSIS SEL) with a group of ethnically and socio‐economically diverse grade 3 students in Ontario, Canada (n = 427). The SSIS SEL is an age‐normed measure used for the evaluation of interventions and prevention initiatives. Data collected included both teacher‐report and student self‐report measures. The factor structure proposed by the scale developers was not replicated using this smaller single grade sample. However, the study demonstrates evidence of good construct and convergent validity supporting the novel factor structure. Results from this study suggest that more research on the SSIS SEL's application in real‐world intervention research programs is needed.
Three patients highlighting potential pitfalls in platelet refractory testing
Authors: Attieh Michel , Dent Edward A. , Happney Logan , Roback John D. , Alter David N. , Barrette Eileen , Then Caroline , Sullivan H. Cliff 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐transfusion refractory (PR) patients do not achieve expected post‐transfusion platelet counts. We investigate suspected PR patients with post‐transfusion platelet counts, indirect platelet antibody screens (ind‐PAS), Class I HLA antibody tests (HLA‐Scr), and physical platelet crossmatch (PXM) studies.Study Design and MethodsThe three following cases describe possible pitfalls of laboratory tests used in PR workup and management.ResultsCase #1: Antibody testing detected antibodies to only HLA‐B13, corresponding to a 4% calculated panel reactive antibodies (CPRA; 96% predicted donor compatibility). However, PXM showed the patient compatible with 11/14 (79%) donors; two of the PXM‐incompatible units were ABO‐incompatible. Case #2: PXM revealed compatibility with 1/14 screened donors; however, the patient did not respond to the product from the compatible donor. The patient did respond to HLA‐matched product. Dilution studies provided evidence of the prozone effect, which caused negative PXM despite clinically relevant antibodies. Case #3: There was a discrepancy between the ind‐PAS and HLA‐Scr. Ind‐PAS was negative for HLA antibodies, while HLA‐Scr was positive and specificity testing corresponded to 38% CPRA. Per the package insert, the sensitivity of ind‐PAS is ~85% compared to HLA‐Scr.DiscussionThese cases highlight the importance of investigating incongruent results. Cases #1 and #2 demonstrate PXM pitfalls: ABO incompatibility can result in positive PXM and false‐negative PXM can occur in the setting of the prozone effect. Case #3 reveals the importance of knowing a test's sensitivity. Centers that only perform ind‐PAS may fail to detect HLA antibodies.
INTERPRETATION NEUTRALITY FOR QUANTUM THEOLOGY
Authors: Crull Elise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin contemporary scientific and science‐adjacent communities, it is generally accepted that quantum physics is our best theory. For this reason, it is understandable—and laudable—that scholars interested in questions at the intersection of science and theology wish to meaningfully engage with this physics. Recent work in foundations of physics has, however, importantly altered the landscape of quantum theory; in this article, my goal is to introduce these advances, then make an argument within this new landscape that I hope will be useful for certain theological inquiries. Specifically, I shall argue from grounds of the physics itself that one may, with clear philosophical conscience, access the majority of quantum theory's tools, models, and explanations while maintaining an interpretation‐neutral yet realist stance toward this physics.
Energy-Efficient Actuator Design Principles for Robotic Leg Prostheses and Exoskeletons: A Review of Series Elasticity and Backdrivability
Authors: Laschowski Brokoslaw , McPhee John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRobotic leg prostheses and exoskeletons have traditionally been designed using highly-geared motor-transmission systems that minimally exploit the passive dynamics of human locomotion, resulting in inefficient actuators that require significant energy consumption and thus provide limited battery-powered operation or require large onboard batteries. Here we review two of the leading energy-efficient actuator design principles for legged and wearable robotic systems: series elasticity and backdrivability. As shown by inverse dynamic simulations of walking, there are periods of negative joint mechanical work that can be used to increase efficiency by recycling some of the otherwise dissipated energy using series elastic actuators and/or backdriveable actuators with energy regeneration. Series elastic actuators can improve shock tolerance during foot-ground impacts and reduce the peak power and energy consumption of the electric motor via mechanical energy storage and return. However, actuators with series elasticity tend to have lower output torque, increased mass and architecture complexity due to the added physical spring, and limited force and torque control bandwidth. High torque density motors with low-ratio transmissions, known as quasi-direct drives, can likewise achieve low output impedance and high backdrivability, allowing for safe and compliant human-robot physical interactions, in addition to energy regeneration. However, torque-dense motors tend to have higher Joule heating losses, greater motor mass and inertia, and require specialized motor drivers for real-time control. While each actuator design has advantages and drawbacks, designers should consider the energy-efficiency of robotic leg prostheses and exoskeletons during daily locomotor activities besides continuous level-ground walking.
Cardiac involvement assessment in systemic sclerosis using speckle tracking echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qiao Wei , Bi Wenjing , Wang Xin , Li Ying , Ren Weidong , Xiao Yangjie 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesCardiac involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with poor prognosis. Early detection of myocardial impairment is essential for treatment. The present study aimed to systematically review the value of detecting subclinical myocardial impairment in SSc patients using myocardial strain obtained from speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were searched in the period from the earliest available indexing date to 30 September 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies evaluating myocardial function in SSc patients comparison with healthy controls based on myocardial strain data obtained from STE were included.Data extraction and synthesisVentricle and atrium data on myocardial strain were extracted to assessing the mean difference (MD).ResultsA total of 30 studies were included in the analysis. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (MD: −2.28, 95% CI −2.85 to –1.71), left ventricular global circumferential strain (MD: −3.27, 95% CI −4.26 to –2.29) and left ventricular global radial strain (MD: −3.95, 95% CI −6.33 to –1.57) was significantly lower in SSc patients than in healthy controls. Right ventricular global wall strain (MD: −2.68, 95% CI −3.21 to –2.16) was also decreased in SSc patients. STE revealed significant differences in several atrial parameters including left atrial reservoir strain (MD: −7.75, 95% CI −11.66 to –3.85) and left atrial conduit strain (MD: −3.26, 95% CI −6.50 to –0.03), as well as right atrial reservoir strain (MD: −7.37, 95% CI −11.20 to –3.53) and right atrial conduit strain (MD: −5.44, 95% CI −9.15 to –1.73). There were no differences in left atrial contractile strain (MD: −1.51, 95% CI −5.34 to 2.33).ConclusionSSc patients have a lower strain than healthy controls for the majority of STE parameters, indicating the presence of an impaired myocardium involving both the ventricle and atrium.
Using an objective computer task (QbTest) to aid the identification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Children and Young People Secure Estate (CYPSE): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chitsabesan Prathiba , Hall Charlotte Lucy , Carter Lesley-Anne , Reeves Mindy , Mohammed Vaseem , Beresford Bryony , Young Susan , Kraam Abdullah , Trowse Sally , Wilkinson-Cunningham Lloyd , Lennox Charlotte 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesQbTest has been shown to improve time to decision/diagnosis for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim was to assess the feasibility of QbTest for young people in prison.DesignSingle-centre feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 allocation. Concealed random allocation using an online pseudorandom list with random permuted blocks of varying sizes.SettingOne Young Offenders Institution in England.Participants355 young people aged 15–18 years displaying possible symptoms of ADHD were assessed for eligibility, 69 were eligible to take part and 60 were randomised.InterventionQbTest—a computer task measuring attention, activity and impulsivity.Main outcome measuresEligibility, recruitment and retention rates and acceptability of randomisation and trial participation.ResultsOf the 355 young people assessed for eligibility, 69 were eligible and 60 were randomised (n=30 QbTest plus usual care; n=30 usual care alone). The study achieved the specified recruitment target. Trial participation and randomisation were deemed acceptable by the majority of participants. 78% of young people were followed up at 3 months, but only 32% at 6 months, although this was also affected by COVID-19 restrictions. Secondary outcomes were mixed. Participants including clinical staff were mostly supportive of the study and QbTest; however, some young people found QbTest hard and there were issues with implementation of the ADHD care pathway. There were no serious adverse events secondary to the study or intervention and no one was withdrawn from the study due to an adverse event.ConclusionsWith adaptations, a fully powered RCT may be achievable to evaluate the effectiveness of QbTest in the assessment of ADHD in the Children and Young People Secure Estate, with time to decision (days) as the primary outcome measure. However, further programme developmental work is required to address some of the challenges highlighted prior to a larger trial.Trial registration numberISRCTN17402196.