bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of wake interactions on a tandem wing configuration in high-speed stall conditions
Authors: Kleinert Johannes , Stober Jonathan , Lutz Thorsten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the interaction of the separated wake of the front wing with the rear wing of a tandem configuration is investigated for high-speed stall conditions by means of hybrid RANS/LES simulations, using the zonal AZDES method. After a characterization of the transonic buffet on the front wing, the development of the separated turbulent wake behind the wing is investigated. The interaction of the separated wake with the rear wing is then analyzed in detail. The results reveal that there is a strong variation in the wake characteristics over the buffet cycle, caused by the varying amount of separation on the front wing. During the upstream movement of the shock, the flow is largely separated, resulting in a thick wake with strong, high-frequent fluctuations that can be attributed to large turbulent vortices. On the contrary, when the shock travels downstream, there is only a small amount of separation present, resulting in a thin wake with comparatively low fluctuations that are caused by corresponding smaller turbulent vortices. The impact of the wake of the front wing causes a strong variation in the rear wing loading. An oscillation with a comparatively low frequency can be distinguished from high-frequent fluctuations. The low-frequent oscillation is caused by the variation in the downwash behind the front wing as its lift changes during the buffet cycle. The high-frequent fluctuations are due to the impingement of the turbulent structures onto the rear wing. Because both size and frequency of those vortices vary significantly within the buffet cycle, the amplitude and frequency of the lift and surface pressure fluctuations also change accordingly.
Nigella sativa tea mitigates type-2 diabetes and edema: a case report
Authors: Choo Thin-Meiw 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetes is a major deadly disease. In 2019 alone, it caused an estimated 1.5 million deaths world-wide. Cases of diabetes are rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Natural remedies that can lower the glucose level would be very useful, particularly to people living in low- and middle-income countries. A 2-year case study was carried out, therefore, to determine if Nigella sativa tea can lower the glucose level in a 72-year-old man with type-2 diabetes, stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease, and congestive heart failure. Changes in body weight, lipids, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were also studied. N. sativa tea was prepared with N. sativa, barley, and wheat seeds. The 72-year-old drank approximately 50 ml of N. sativa tea daily, in the morning. Results showed that after drinking N. sativa tea daily, hypoglycemia started to occur and occurred more frequently as time went by and that the glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, was decreasing. Subsequently, the dosages of insulin glargine and insulin aspart were reduced by 33% and 50%, respectively. Results also showed that weight loss led to the 72-year-old cutting back his intake of the diuretic furosemide by at least 50%. His triglycerides level was also lower and there were no changes in his total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. His eGFR was stable but his UACR was worsening. N. sativa tea is easy to prepare, costs very little, and could be a natural remedy for mitigating diabetes and edema. Many more studies on N. sativa are warranted.
An explainable deepfake detection framework on a novel unconstrained dataset
Authors: Mathews Sherin , Trivedi Shivangee , House Amanda , Povolny Steve , Fralick Celeste 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we created a new large-scale unconstrained high-quality Deepfake Image (DFIM-HQ) dataset containing 140K images. Compared to existing datasets, this dataset includes a variety of diverse scenarios, pose variations, high-quality degradations, and illumination variations, making it a particularly challenging dataset. Since computer vision models learn to perform a task by capturing relevant statistics from training data, they tend to learn spurious age, gender, and race correlations leading to learning biases. To account for AI bias in our proposed DFIM-HQ dataset, we design a simple yet effective image recognition benchmark for studying bias mitigation. Our detection system makes use of an Inception-based network to extract frame-level features and automatically detect manipulated content. We also propose an explainability framework that provides a better understanding of the model’s prediction. Such informed decisions provide insights that can be used to improve the model and, thereby, helps to add trust to the model. Our evaluation illustrates that our frameworks can achieve competitive results in detecting deepfake images using deep learning architectures.
Incomplete linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy preference relations and their application to multi-criteria decision making
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Zhenglong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the development of social and economic research, the judgements that people deal with are full of fuzziness and vagueness. It is convenient to use the linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers to offer the qualitative uncertain information. Consequently, in this paper, we mainly study linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy preference relations (Lq-ROFPRs) and apply them to a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The multiplicative consistency of Lq-ROFPRs is first introduced, then a consistency-based model is established to derive the normalized linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy priority weight vector. The concept of acceptably multiplicative consistency is further defined, and an optimization model is formulated to repair the unacceptably multiplicative consistent Lq-ROFPR. To cope with the incomplete Lq-ROFPR, another programming model is built to ascertain the missing values. The weights of criteria are determined by constructing a possibility degree matrix. Subsequently, an MCDM problem with incomplete Lq-ROFPRs is considered and a step-by-step algorithm is put forward. Finally, the proposed method is applied to three examples, and the advantages of this new approach are also demonstrated.
Effect of Soil Mixtures Based on a Gneiss-Derived Soil and Two Forest Floor Types on Growth and Nutritional Status of Castanea sativa Mill. Seedlings
Authors: Papaioannou Evgenia , Gasparatos Dionisios , Stefanou Stefanos , Chatzistathis Theocharis , Karamanoli Katerina , Matziris Evangelos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAiming at the production of robust chestnut plants suitable for the establishment of plantations or for their use in afforestation of forest ecosystems, we studied the effect of soil mixtures on growth, physiological characteristics, and nutritional status of chestnut seedlings. In a complete randomized-block design pot experiment, the soil used was derived from gneiss weathering (GN) and the treatments included GN and GN with fertilization (GN-FER) as well as mixtures of GN with forest floor (FF) from chestnuts (GN-CFF) and from evergreen broad-leaved trees (GN-EFF). Both types of forest floor and fertilization had similar positive effect on seedlings growth and photosynthetic parameters. The most significant effects on soil nutrients were found in GN-CFF and GN-EFF treatments, except for extractable phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K), whose highest concentrations were observed in GN-FER. Leaf analysis showed that the concentrations of almost all nutrients in all treatments were within the adequacy limits, with the exception of nitrogen (N) in GN, copper (Cu) in GN-EFF, and K in all treatments. Both types of forest floor satisfied the nutritional needs of chestnut seedlings to a large extent and their incorporation in this type of soil combined with limited addition mainly of K and to a lesser degree of P could enhance adequacy of these nutrients in soil and plants. Thus, forest floor application may be an appropriate alternative to integrated nutrient management for robust chestnut seedlings production with significant forestry and environmental impacts.
Optimizing biochar addition for vermicomposting: a comprehensive evaluation of earthworms’ activity, N2O emissions and compost quality
Authors: Wu Yupeng , Li Qinfen , Zheng Yong , Xiong Xingjun , Chen Yunfeng , Shaaban Muhammad , Hu Ronggui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiochar addition has been widely used in the field to mitigate soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and can be considered as a potential method to reduce N2O emissions during vermicomposting. However, excessive biochar addition may inhibit earthworms’ activity. Thus, it is crucial to clarify the optimum addition volumes of biochar during vermicomposting. This study evaluated the impact of addition of various amounts of biochar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of total amount of feedstock) on earthworms’ (Eiseniafetida) activity, N2O emission and compost quality during vermicomposting. Compared with the treatment without biochar added, 5% of biochar application significantly increased earthworm total biomass (from 177.5 to 202.2 g pot−1), and cumulative burrowing activity (from 47.0% to 52.2% pixel per terrarium). The increased earthworms activity stimulated the vermicomposting process and led to the best quality of compost, which showed the highest total nutrient content (5.38%) and a significantly higher germination percentage of seeds (88%). Although N2O emissions were slightly increased by 5% biochar addition, a non-significant difference was found between the treatment with 5% biochar and the treatment without biochar added. On the contrary, 20% and 25% biochar addition not only lowered N2O emissions, but also significantly decreased the quality of compost. The results suggest that 5% biochar application is an appropriate amount to improve the quality of compost without significant N2O emissions.
Graphical Abstract
Impact of Sub-patent Malaria During Pregnancy on Birth-Weight in Odisha, India: Time-to-Event Analysis of Prospective Longitudinal Follow-Up of a Survey
Authors: Bal Madhusmita , Ghosal Jyoti , Das Arundhuti , Sandeepta Sonali , Pati Sanghmitra , Dutta Ambarish , Ranjit Manoranjan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
The current study aimed to estimate prevalence of malaria infection, especially sub-patent infection, in pregnant women residing in high malaria-endemic, hard-to-reach pockets of the Indian state of Odisha; and also measure its impact on birth-weight of their new-borns.

Method
A time-to-event analysis of prospective longitudinal follow-up study nested within a cross-sectional survey of people residing in high malaria-endemic six districts of Odisha was conducted during July–November 2019. Malaria status in pregnant mothers was categorized as malaria free; sub-patent, and patent. Hazards Ratio (HR) of low birth-weight (LBW; birth-weight < 2500 gms) was estimated in these three categories (n = 308) adjusted for residence (block), gravida, caste, age and gestational age at testing.

Results
50.3% pregnant women had sub-patent malaria infection, 3.9% had patent infection. In fully adjusted model, hazards ratio of LBW was 3.76 (95% CI 1.12, 12.64, p = 0.032) in pregnant women with patent infection and 1.82 (95% CI 0.87, 3.81, p = 0.109) in women with sub-patent infection when compared to no malaria group.

Conclusion
The study showed that half of the pregnant women in high-endemic pockets had sub-patent infection which posed deleterious influence on birth-weight of their new-borns. The study thereby flags the prevalence of sub-patent infection as a public health concern, because sub-patent infection in pregnant mothers may persist as a “silent” reservoir, with the potential to derail the malaria control program, especially when the country plans malaria elimination by 2030.
Social Doubt
Authors: ROBERTS TOM , OSLER LUCY 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe introduce two concepts—social certainty and social doubt—that help to articulate a variety of experiences of the social world, such as shyness, self-consciousness, culture shock, and anxiety. Following Carel's (2013) analysis of bodily doubt, which explores how a person's tacit confidence in the workings of their body can be disrupted and undermined in illness, we consider how an individual's faith in themselves as a social agent, too, can be compromised or lost, thus altering their experience of what is afforded by the social environment. We highlight how a loss of bodily or social certainty can be shaped and sustained by the environments in which one finds oneself. As such, we show how certain individuals might be more vulnerable to experiences of bodily and social doubt than others.
Trends in pediatric community-onset Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibilities over a five-year period in a multihospital health system
Authors: Prochaska Erica C. , Xiao Shaoming , Tamma Pranita D. , Sick-Samuels Anna , Schumacher Christina , Gadala Avinash , Carroll Karen C. , Milstone Aaron M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The epidemiology of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus infections is evolving. We performed a multihospital, retrospective study of pediatric community-onset S. aureus susceptibilities between 2015 and 2020. Oxacillin and clindamycin susceptibility remained lower at 67% and 75%, respectively. Tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility remained high at >90%. Oxacillin susceptibility was highest in invasive infections.
Association of healthcare worker behaviors with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk during four pandemic periods and characteristics associated with high-risk behaviors
Authors: Egbert Emily R. , Xiao Shaoming , Prochaska Erica , Ali S. Omar , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Gadala Avi , Koontz Danielle , Zhong Diana , Schumacher Christina M. , Sick-Samuels Anna C. , Debes Amanda K. , Milstone Aaron M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In a large healthcare worker cohort, we quantified the association between behaviors and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during different pandemic phases, adjusting for prior infection and vaccination. Individual characteristics, including personal concerns, were associated with these behaviors. Public health messaging should target high-risk populations and behaviors as the pandemic evolves.
2.1 m, high-energy dissipative soliton resonance from a holmium-doped fiber laser system
Authors: Zhao Desheng , Zhang Bin , Zhu Xiran , Liu Shuailin , Jiang Li , Dou Zhiyuan , Yang Linyong , Hou Jing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We propose a 2.1 μm high-energy dissipative soliton resonant (DSR) fiber laser system based on a mode-locked seed laser and dual-stage amplifiers. In the seed laser, the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror technique is employed to realize mode-locking. The utilization of an in-band pump scheme and long gain fiber enables effectively exciting 2.1 μm pulses. A section of ultra-high numerical aperture fiber (UHNAF) with normal dispersion and high nonlinearity and an output coupler with a large coupling ratio are used to achieve a high-energy DSR system. By optimizing the UHNAF length to 55 m, a 2103.7 nm, 88.1 nJ DSR laser with a 3-dB spectral bandwidth of 0.48 nm and a pulse width of 17.1 ns is obtained under a proper intracavity polarization state and pump power. The output power and conversion efficiency are 0.233 W and 4.57%, respectively, both an order of magnitude higher than those of previously reported holmium-doped DSR seed lasers. Thanks to the high output power and nanosecond pulse width of the seed laser, the average power of the DSR laser is linearly scaled up to 50.4 W via a dual-stage master oscillator power amplifier system. The 3-dB spectral bandwidth broadens slightly to 0.52 nm, and no distortion occurs in the amplified pulse waveform. The corresponding pulse energy reaches 19.1 μJ, which is the highest pulse energy in a holmium-doped mode-locked fiber laser system to the best of our knowledge. Such a 2.1 μm, high-energy DSR laser with relatively wide pulse width has prospective applications in mid-infrared nonlinear frequency conversion.
Supervisor knowledge sharing and creative behavior: the roles of employees' self-efficacy and work–family conflict
Authors: Yoon Soohyun , Kim Seckyoung Loretta , Yun Seokhwa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApplying conservation of resources theory, we propose a theoretical model that explains how and when supervisor knowledge sharing affects creative behavior. Specifically, this study examines employee self-efficacy as the core intermediary mechanism and work–family conflict as the boundary condition of the indirect effect of supervisor knowledge sharing on creative behavior via self-efficacy. Drawn from a sample of 147 dyads comprising full-time employees and their immediate supervisors, the results of this study showed support for our moderated mediation model. The findings indicated that supervisor knowledge sharing had a significant effect on creative behavior and this influence is mediated by self-efficacy. Furthermore, our study revealed that work–family conflict attenuated the positive supervisor knowledge sharing's effect on creative behavior via self-efficacy. Implications of our findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Goryeocrinus pentagrammos n. gen. n. sp. (Rhodocrinitidae; Diplobathrida), the first record of camerate crinoid from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of South Korea (East Gondwana)
Authors: Park Hyeonmin , Lee Dong-Chan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGoryeocrinus pentagrammos n. gen. n. sp. from the Jigunsan Formation of South Korea is described and is the first diplobathrid recorded from Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian) strata of East Gondwana. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that G. pentagrammos n. gen. n. sp. is a member of the paraphyletic Rhodocrinitidae of the Diplobathrida and most closely related to Paradiabolocrinus from the Late Ordovician (Sandbian) of Laurentia. Goryeocrinus pentagrammos n. gen. n. sp. is characterized by having a pentameral, flat bowl-shaped calyx, a conspicuous pentagrammatic ridge formed by bifurcated median ray ridge and pentagonal basal ridge, at least two interradials in the first row of regular interrays, an anitaxial ridge originating from the CD interray but close to the C ray radial, and lacking intrabrachials and interradials between secundibrachials. The occurrence of G. pentagrammos n. gen. n. sp. from South Korea (East Gondwana) drastically expands the Ordovician paleogeographic range of camerates, which otherwise have been recorded from Laurentia, West Gondwana, Avalonia, and Baltica.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a5f8fc12-25a5-4e7c-92e8-bf3ea07c3ba3
Multimode theory of electron hole transverse instability
Authors: Chen Xiang , Hutchinson I.H. 
Published: January 2023

We present Vlasov–Poisson three-dimensional linear stability analysis of an initially planar electron hole structure, solving for the distribution function by integration along unperturbed orbits. The non-sinusoidal potential perturbation shape (parallel to$B$) is expanded in eigenfunctions of the adiabatic Poisson operator, generalizing the prior assumption of a rigid shift of the equilibrium. We show that the shiftmode is then modified by a second discrete mode plus an integral over a continuum of wave-like modes. A rigorous treatment shows that the continuum can be approximated effectively by a single mode that satisfies the external wave dispersion relation, thus making the perturbation a weighted sum of three modes. We find numerically the solution for the complex instability frequency, and the corresponding three mode amplitudes determining the perturbation eigenmode. This multimode analysis refines the accuracy of the prior single-mode results, giving slightly higher growth rates at most parameters, as expected from the extra mode shape freedom. Oscillating modes near stability boundaries have larger mode distortions which help explain particle-in-cell simulations that observe instability up to${\sim }20$ % beyond the prior shiftmode thresholds, and narrowing of the perturbation. At high magnetic field, the multimode analysis predicts a reduction of the already small growth rate.
The Theory-Practice Gap in the Evaluation of Agent-Based Social Simulations
Authors: Anzola David 
Published: January 2023

ArgumentAgent-based social simulations have historically been evaluated using two criteria: verification and validation. This article questions the adequacy of this dual evaluation scheme. It claims that the scheme does not conform to everyday practices of evaluation, and has, over time, fostered a theory-practice gap in the assessment of social simulations. This gap originates because the dual evaluation scheme, inherited from computer science and software engineering, on one hand, overemphasizes the technical and formal aspects of the implementation process and, on the other hand, misrepresents the connection between the conceptual and the computational model. The mismatch between evaluation theory and practice, it is suggested, might be overcome if practitioners of agent-based social simulation adopt a single criterion evaluation scheme in which: i) the technical/formal issues of the implementation process are tackled as a matter of debugging or instrument calibration, and ii) the epistemological issues surrounding the connection between conceptual and computational models are addressed as a matter of validation.
A Critical Analysis of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization and the Consequences of Fetal Personhood
Authors: Manninen Bertha Alvarez 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I will examine the Supreme Court of the United States’ (SCOTUS) arguments in the majority decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, and I will show how some of those arguments are flawed. Primarily, I will show that the right to bodily autonomy is a well-established right, both in the courts and in societal practices, and that the right to an abortion should be understood as an example of the right to bodily autonomy or bodily integrity. Second, I will examine the justices’ arguments that viability is not a reasonable place to restrict abortion access, in contrast to both Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, and will offer arguments that defend viability as a valid point to limit abortion access. Third, I will highlight some politicians’ goals to enact a federal ban on abortion, and show how the attempt to pass Personhood Amendments is a pathway for doing so. The upshot of this essay to is show how the SCOTUS decision is flawed, and how granting personhood to “potential life” has consequences that extend beyond abortion access.
Intramural course of an anomalous left coronary artery is not always associated with a slit-like ostium
Authors: Montaña-Jimenez Lina Paola , Molossi Silvana , Masand Prakash , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Binsalamah Ziyad , Doan Tam T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery from an incorrect aortic sinus has been reported as the second most common causes of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes. Intramural course of the proximal left coronary artery is considered a high-risk morphology. It is associated with a slit-like ostium and elliptical shape of the proximal artery. In this case, all pre-operative cardiac images demonstrated a round ostium and round luminal shape of the left coronary artery, which suggested no evidence of intramural course. On intraoperative inspection, although the ostium and proximal left coronary artery appeared round, the patient had a long intramural course of the left coronary artery which our surgeons performed a successful unroofing procedure. The post-operative images showed a patent new ostium from the correct aortic sinus. These findings are very unusual and proved that we should not exclude intramural course even in the absence of a slit-like ostium and elliptical shape of the proximal left coronary artery.