bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action of the Capparis Spinoza leaves extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for high carbon steel in acidic solution
Authors: Jahdaly Badreah A. Al , Jahdaly Badriah A. Al 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCapparis Spinozaleaves extract (CS) was studied in HCl (0.5 mol/ L) solution as a green corrosion inhibitor for the HCS using the electrochemical measurements, as potentiodynamic polarization (PdP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Eis). The PdP plots showed a mixed role of the (CS)extract, and the Eis diagrams pointed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased as the concentration of (CS) increased. Inhibition efficiency reached a maximum of ~ 97%. The corrosion inhibition of HCS in acidic medium showed a good fit to the Langmuir adsorption model. The thermodynamic parameter, as ΔGadswas calculated and revealed that (CS) adsorbed onto HCS surface via both chemical and physical adsorption mode. HCS surface morphology was investigated using AFM technique, ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and confirmed that the formation of a protective thin film of (CS) on the metal surface. Quantum chemical calculations were determined and supported the experimental data.
An algebraic non-equilibrium turbulence model of the high Reynolds number transition region
Authors: Basse Nils 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a mixing length based algebraic turbulence model calibrated to pipe flow; the main purpose of the model is to capture the increasing turbulence production-to-dissipation ratio observed in connection with the high Reynolds number transition region.
The model includes the mixing length description by Gersten and Herwig which takes the observed variation of the von Kármán number with Reynolds number into account. Pipe wall roughness effects are included in the model.
Results are presented for area-averaged (integral) quantities which can be used both as a self-contained model and as initial inlet boundary conditions for computational fluid dynamics simulations.
TET3 as a non-invasive screening tool for the detection of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: feng linlin , Liu RanYang , An Kun , Tang Shuang , Wu Jun , Yang Qin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Ten-eleven translocation protein 3 (TET3) is one of the key enzymes in DNA demethylation which can be expressed in liver tissues. However, the clinical value of TET3 for diagnosis and treatment have not been reported previously. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of serum TET3 as a non-invasive screening tool for liver fibrosis.
Methods
212 patients with chronic liver disease from were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of TET3. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were determined to examine the diagnostic accuracy of TET3 and combination model for diagnosis fibrosis.
Results
Serum TET3 level in fibrosis cases was significantly higher than that in non-fibrosis and controls, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of the TET3 and fibrosis-4 index for liver fibrosis were 0.863 and 0.813, and 0.916 and 0.957 for liver cirrhosis. The combination of TET3 and fibrosis-4 index had a highly promising positive predictive value for detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis different stages of (93.5% and 100%) as compared with each diagnostic tool alone.
Conclusion
TET3 is related to the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The TET3-fibrosis-4 model enhances discriminatory power and represents a promising non-invasive tool for the diagnosis and screening of liver fibrosis.
The Druglike molecule pretraining strategy for drug discovery
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , Kim Yun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Trnasformer-based AI models have shown outstanding performance in identifying druggable candidate molecules. In most cases, models are trained on a massive amount of database of molecular information to capture the latent meaning of a given molecule. However, the desirable properties of candidate molecules include the feasibility of synthesizing them, low toxicity, and high druggability. In this study, we injected prior knowledge on the desirable properties of molecules during the training process.
Methods: Using the PubChem database (100 M), we filtered druglike molecules based on the quantity of drug-likeliness (QED) score and the Pfizer rule. With this dataset of drug-like molecules, we trained both the molecular representation model (chemBERTa) and the molecular generation models (MolGPT). The molecular representation model was evaluated by fine-tuning the results on the MoleculeNet benchmark datasets, and the molecular generation model was evaluated based on the generated samples (10 K).
Results: Training with druglike molecules enabled the generation of molecules with desirable properties without any conditioning. Although the molecular representation learning model was not remarkable, however, its performance in predicting clinical toxicology exceeded that of conventional molecular representation models.
Conclusion: By training based on a dataset of druglike molecules, our approach enables molecular representation models to predict clinical toxicity more precisely. Furthermore, it enables the molecule generation model to generate molecules with desirable druglike properties without any conditional generation procedures.
The L-enantiomer of β- aminobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) as a potential marker of bone mineral density, body mass index, while D-BAIBA of physical performance and age.
Authors: Lyssikatos Charalampos , Wang Zhiying , Liu Ziyue , Warden Stuart , Brotto Marco , Bonewald Lynda 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: As both L- and D-BAIBA are increased with exercise, we sought to determine if circulating levels would be associated with physical performance.
Method: Serum levels of L- and D-BAIBA were quantified in 120 individuals (50% female) aged 20-85 years and categorized as either a “low” (LP), “average“(AP) or “high“ performer (HP).
Association analysis was performed using Spearman (S) and Pearson (P) rank correlation.
Results: Using the Spearman (S) rank correlation, L-BAIBA positively associated with BMI (0.23) and total fat mass (0.19) in the 120 participants, with total fat mass in the 60 males (0.26) but with both BMI (0.26) and BMD (0.28) in the 60 females. In the HP females, L-BAIBA positively associated with BMD (0.50) and lean mass (0.47).
Using the Pearson (P) rank correlation D-BAIBA was positively associated with age (0.20) in the 120 participants and in the LP females (0.49). D-BAIBA associated with gait speed (S 0.20) in the 120 participants. In HP males, this enantiomer had a negative association with appendicular lean/height (S -0.52) and in the AP males with BMD (S -0.47). No associations were observed in HP or AP females, whereas, in LP females, in addition to a positive association with age, a positive association was observed with grip strength (S 0.45), but a negative with BMD (P -0.52, S -0.63) and chair stands (P -0.47, S -0.51).
Conclusions: L-BAIBA may play a role in BMI and BMD in females, not males, whereas D-BAIBA may be a marker for aging.
Influence of brushing motions on the shaping of oval canals by rotary and reciprocating instruments
Authors: Romeiro Kaline , Brasil Sabrina C. , Souza Thaís M. , Gominho Luciana F. , Pérez Alejandro R. , Pérez Renata , Alves Flávio R. F. , Rôças Isabela N. , Siqueira José F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective

The effects of brushing on shaping with different instruments was assessed in oval canals.

Design

Mandibular incisors were assigned to 6 groups (n = 12/group) according to the system, each one with or without brushing: Reciproc Blue, VDW.Rotate, and Race EVO. Micro-computed tomography was performed before and after preparation.

Results

Brushing strokes caused no increase in canal volume, surface area, and structure model index independently of the system (p > 0.05), except RaCe in full canal surface area (p < 0.05). Brushing did not increase the prepared areas (p > 0.05), except for Reciproc in apical canal (p < 0.05). Reciproc with no brushing exhibited less pericervical dentin than with brushing (p < 0.05), while RaCe with brushing resulted in less remaining dentin (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, brushing motion had no effects on the overall shaping performance of the 3 instruments tested. An exception was the increase in prepared surface area in the apical canal segment when the Reciproc instrument was used with brushing strokes.
Treatment of late posttraumatic spinal kyphosis with no osteotomy or only posterior column osteotomy based on prone imaging parameters
Authors: Cui Xilong , Wang Kangkang , Yang Wanmei , Zhang Wei , Li Beibei , Liu Bin , Zhai Yunlei , Jiang Jishi , Haiyang Yu , Zikai Hua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The current surgical options for late posttraumatic spinal kyphosis are primarily based on standing x-rays. The degree of deformity is reduced in the prone position. This self-correction of the deformity could be achieved without osteotomy or instruments, making large osteotomies no longer necessary. Osteotomy based on prone imaging data for the treatment of late posttraumatic kyphosis has not been reported. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of simple posterior column osteotomy or non-osteotomy based on prone x-rays.
Methods
From April 2017 to November 2020, we collected preoperative standing, prone, postoperative, and final follow-up imaging data of 18 patients admitted to our hospital for late posttraumatic kyphosis using simple posterior column osteotomy or non-osteotomy. Preoperative prone data of thoracic kyphosis angle (TK), local kyphosis Cobb angle (LKCA), and lumbar lordosis angle (LL), was obtained. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and final follow-up TK, LKCA, LL, sagittal vertebral axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis angle (PI-LL) data was also obtained on standing x-ray imaging. The operative time, bleeding, and operative complication rate was collected and analyzed. We compared the preoperative, two month postoperative, and final follow-up Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog score (VAS) scores to evaluate the surgical results.
Result
LKCA and TK significantly reduced from the standing to prone position before surgery. The LKCA, TK, and SVA of immediate postoperative and last follow-up data were statistically different compared with those before surgery; the differences in LL, PT, and PI-LL in the postoperative period and at the last follow-up were not statistically significant compared with those before surgery. All patients were operated upon successfully, with an operative time of 152.7 ± 34.2 min, a bleeding volume of 408.3 ± 135.3 ml, no complications of infection or nerve injury, and a decrease in ODI scores and VAS scores at two months and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05) after surgery.
Conclusion
Based on prone imaging, simple posterior column osteotomy or non-osteotomy surgery for traumatic kyphosis with good flexibility and no neurological symptoms is safe, with potential reduction in operative time, complications, and bleeding.
Social aspects of collision avoidance: A detailed analysis of groups and individual pedestrians
Authors: Gregorj Adrien , Yücel Zeynep , Zanlungo Francesco , Feliciani Claudio , Kanda Takayuki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pedestrian groups are commonly found in crowds but research on their social aspects is comparatively lacking. To fill that void in literature, we study the dynamics of collision avoidance between pedestrian groups (in particular dyads) and individual pedestrians in an ecological environment, focusing in particular on (i) how such avoidance depends on the group's social relation (e.g. colleagues, couples, friends or families) and (ii) its intensity of social interaction (indicated by conversation, gaze exchange, gestures etc). By analyzing relative collision avoidance in the "center of mass" frame, we were able to quantify how much groups and individuals avoid each other with respect to the aforementioned properties of the group. A mathematical representation using a potential energy function is proposed to model avoidance and it is shown to provide a fair approximation to the empirical observations. We also studied the probability that the individuals disrupt the group by "passing through it" (termed as intrusion). We analyzed the dependence of the parameters of the avoidance model and of the probability of intrusion on groups' social relation and intensity of interaction. We confirmed that the stronger social bonding or interaction intensity is, the more prominent collision avoidance turns out. We also confirmed that the probability of intrusion is a decreasing function of interaction intensity and strength of social bonding. Our results suggest that such variability should be accounted for in models and crowd management in general. Namely, public spaces with strongly bonded groups (e.g. a family-oriented amusement park) require a different approach compared to public spaces with loosely bonded groups (e.g. a business-oriented trade fair).
Assessment of spatial-temporal balance of carbon sequestration ecosystem service supply and demand by landscape composition: A case study of Guiyang City, China
Authors: Mo Yaguo , Bao Yu , Wang Zhitai , Chen Xintong , Wei Wenfei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rapid urbanization has resulted in an increase in urban carbon emissions, the degradation of the urban ecosystem, and the escalation of urban environmental issues. It was of utmost importance to define the equilibrium between the supply and demand of urban ecosystem services in light of the rising demand for these services. In karst multi-mountainous urban built-up areas, there were a large number of urban remnant mountains (URMs), which provided a variety of irreplaceable ecosystem services. In order to explore the effect of changes in landscape composition on carbon sequestration services, taking the built-up area of the Guiyang city center as the study area, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the supply and demand of carbon sequestration services and differences in landscape composition within cells were analyzed through the CASA model, multi-source data fusion model, and Arc GIS spatial analysis. Results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the total carbon sequestration service supply and demand of the Guiyang built-up area showed a decreasing trend; (2) The overall supply and demand space of carbon sequestration services presented a transitional structure of “central city-periphery,” but some supply cells were embedded in the city in a scattered manner; (3) When the percentage of construction land in the cell reached 28.8%, the percentage of evergreen broadleaved forest and evergreen needle-leaved forest would be 30.9% and 4.6%, respectively, and the demand for carbon sequestration services would be generated in the cell. The results of this study could provide guidance for urban planners and policy makers to protect urban ecological security and promote sustainable urban development.
A Comparison of Continuous, Interval, and Accumulated Workouts with Equalized Exercise Volume: Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption in Women
Authors: Sun Yerin , Park Hun-Young , Jung Won-Sang , Kim Sung-Woo , Seo Jisoo , Choi Jaeho , Kim Jisu , Lim Kiwon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Despite the various benefits of exercise, women's participation in exercise is low. Therefore, we need to consider ways to maximize the effect of exercise. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) can maximize energy consumption. We aimed to compare the EPOC during different exercise modalities including continuous exercise (CE), interval exercise (IE), and accumulated exercise (AE) that spent the homogenized energy expenditure during exercise in healthy women.
Methods: Study design: Randomized crossover trial.
Participants: Forty-four participants (age, 36.09 ± 11.73 years) were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups.
Trials: The intensity of each modality was set as follows: CE was performed for 30 min at 60% peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). IE was performed once for 2 min at 80% VO2peak, followed by 3 min at 80% VO2peak, and 1 min at 40% VO2peak, for a total of six times over 26 min. AE was performed for 10 min with a 60% VO2peak and was measured three times a day.
Results: During exercise, carbohydrate oxidation (CHO) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were the largest in IE (p < 0.05) and CE (p < 0.001), respectively, and there was no difference in energy expenditure (EE) (p = 0.635) between exercise modalities. On the other hand, CHO, FAO, and EE were the largest in AE (all p < 0.001) during EPOC. As a result, the greatest energy metabolism was shown in AE (all p < 0.001) during exercise and EPOC.
Conclusions: We confirmed that more effective energy metabolism can occur due to the accumulation of EPOC when short-time exercise is repeated several times. In recommending regular exercise, AE can increase compliance with exercise participation through a short exercise time and can help improve health with an exercise modality that maximizes energy consumption through EPOC.
Trial registration: Clinical number (KCT0007298), Institutional Review Board of Konkuk University (7001355-202201-E-160).
AmhEn: Amharic-English Large Parallel Corpus for Machine Translation
Authors: Tonja Atnafu Lambebo , Belay Tadesse Destaw , Kolesnikova Olga , Yimam Seid Muhie , Ayele Abinew Ali , Sidorov Grigori , Gelbukh Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recently, using deep neural networks for machine translation (MT) tasks has received great attention. In order for these networks to learn abstract representations of the input and store them as continuous vectors, they need a lot of data. However, very few research studies have been conducted on low-resource languages like Amharic. The progress of an Amharic-English machine translation task in both directions is affected by the lack of clean, easy-to-find, and up-to-date parallel language corpora. This paper presents the first relatively large-scale Amharic-English parallel corpora (above 1.1 million) for machine translation tasks. We ran experiments with recurrent neural networks (RNN) and Transformer in various hyper-parameter settings to investigate the usability of our dataset. Additionally, we explore the effects of Amharic homophone character normalization on machine translation. We have released the dataset in both unnormalized and normalized forms. Our dataset is available in train, test, and validation split files.
Exploring the types of therapeutic and psychosocial interventions accessed by people with a diagnosis of alcohol related brain damage (ARBD): A qualitative study
Authors: BA MSc BSc (hons) Daniel Mushens 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims
Research into psychosocial and therapeutic interventions that people with a diagnosis of alcohol related brain damage (ARBD) access to further their recovery is scarce. The aim of this research project was to explore the potential benefits or limitations that such interventions can have in relation to their quality of life (QOL) as well as advancing this field of knowledge.
Methods
A search of the literature was completed to ascertain what is known of this topic. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with six participants with a diagnosis of ARBD residing in a supported residential setting. A grounded theory methodology was utilised to identify emerging themes.
Results
The themes of family input, television and technology, choice, decision making and goal-setting were identified as being key themes of the participant responses with the multifaceted roles of television being of particular interest.
Conclusion
The role of family can be helpful in many ways as well as providing a source of hope and motivation and this should be promoted whenever possible. Offering people with ARBD therapeutic opportunities should be encouraged as low motivation and indecision may be a presenting symptom. However, the multi-functioning role that television can play in the recovery process was most surprising and should be explored further by researchers.
Severe pneumonia and risk factors among hospitalized children under five in Adama, Ethiopia
Authors: Debela Dejene Tolossa , Gemeda Esmael , Mubarik Mariya , Manyazewal Tsegahun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia stands fifth in pneumonia death rate among children under five worldwide but the severity and determinants of the disease are inconsistently reported, hindering policy and practice. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of severe pneumonia among hospitalized children under five in Adama town, Ethiopia.
Method
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among under five children admitted at Adama Hospital and Medical College (AHMC), Adama Town, East Shoa Zone of Oromia in Ethiopia. Using adapted, structured questionnaire and systematic random sampling, the patients’ parents or caregivers were interviewed to determine the magnitude of the disease and underlying determinants including sociodemographic, environmental, comorbidity, nutrition, and immunization characteristics. The bivariate logistic regression model was used to test the association between variables on SPSS version 21.
Result
The study enrolled 465 hospitalized children under five, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 22.4 (15.5) months, 236 (50.8%) males, and 285 (61.3%) living in urban areas. The magnitude of severe pneumonia among the children was 41.9%. Factors significantly associated with severity of the pneumonia episode were: persistent diarrhea lasting two or more weeks [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.31, 95% CI 2.14–8.66], non-exclusive breastfeeding [AOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.23–8.49], undernutrition [AOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.04–2.90], and smoking of a family member [AOR 8.33, 95% CI 4.10–17.00].
Conclusion
Severe pneumonia among hospitalized children under five was higher in Adama town, and more common among those with persistent diarrhea, non-inclusive breastfeeding, undernutrition, and living closely with smokers that require a coordinated intervention.
A multi-server with backup system employs decision strategies to enhance its service
Authors: R Satheesh Kumar , S Krishna Praba 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The queueing paradigm is frequently applied in the manufacturing, inventory, and service industries. The effectiveness of the queuing model can be greatly enhanced by specifying the real properties of queuing. This research examines impatient client behaviors that may lead to renege in a multi-server queuing system, as well as the strategic behavior of the service provider that tries to enhance the service by adding a backup server. A very intricate multi-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain that has been successfully analysed accurately describes the system's behavior. The decision rules are used to frame the value function and the iteration algorithm is used to get the total expected cost and the optimal average cost of the entire system. By enabling the numerical results for the relevant case, the sensitivity analysis is carried out.