bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant community dynamics following non‐native shrub removal depend on invasion intensity and forest site characteristics
Authors: Moore Eric , D'Amico Vincent , Trammell Tara L. E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobally, temperate deciduous forests are threatened by invasion of non‐native (exotic) plant species. In the eastern United States, Rosa multiflora is a dominant shrub invader in forests, which often forms dense thickets that reduce sunlight availability in the understory, where decreased native plant diversity and abundance are observed. Management and restoration are difficult but desirable, especially when invasion intensity is still low. Few studies have examined the relative success of different management strategies under varying invasion intensities. Our study objectives were to conduct a R. multiflora removal experiment in three forest sites experiencing different invasion intensities and to restore native plant biodiversity while preventing secondary invasion. We utilized three management strategies: invasive plant removal, removal followed by native seed addition, and removal plus native seed and mulched invasive stem addition. We investigated the similarity between seed bank species composition and existing vegetation before and after removal to assess the potential for passive restoration. Two seasons after removal, we found that simply removing roses increased native species richness, native floristic quality assessment (FQAIN), and native shrub abundance in our medium invasion site, and total species richness in our low and medium invasion sites. Compared to removal alone, native seed addition, with and without mulch addition, resulted in larger native and total species richness and FQAIN increases at all sites, larger increases in native shrub abundance and exotic species richness in our medium invasion site, and larger reductions in exotic and total shrub abundance in our low and medium invasion sites. Following removal, species similarity between the seed bank and vegetation improved for all three sites. Our results indicate that removal of R. multiflora alone increased native plant biodiversity in the medium invasion scenario, but the seed bank may not provide a large native species pool. Additional management strategies lead to improved outcomes, especially in our most invaded forest, demonstrating the need to conduct multiple plant removal treatments across forests with varying site conditions and plant invasion intensity to improve management recommendations.
Juvenile life history diversity is associated with lifetime individual heterogeneity in a migratory fish
Authors: Sorel Mark H. , Murdoch Andrew R. , Zabel Richard W. , Jorgensen Jeffrey C. , Kamphaus Cory M. , Converse Sarah J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferences in the life history pathways (LHPs) of juvenile animals are often associated with differences in demographic rates in later life stages. For migratory animals, different LHPs often result in animals from the same population occupying distinct habitats subjected to different environmental drivers. Understanding how demographic rates differ among animals expressing different LHPs may reveal fitness trade‐offs that drive the expression of alternative LHPs and enable better prediction of population dynamics in a changing environment. To understand how demographic outcomes and their relationships with environmental variables differ among animals with different LHPs, we analyzed a long‐term (2006–2021) mark–recapture dataset for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Wenatchee River, Washington, USA. Distinct LHPs represented in this population include either remaining in the natal stream until emigrating to the ocean as a 1‐year‐old (natal‐reach rearing) or emigrating from the natal stream and rearing in downstream habitats for several months before completing the emigration to the ocean as a 1‐year‐old (downstream rearing). We found that downstream‐rearing fish emigrated to the ocean 19 days earlier on average and returned as adults from the ocean at higher rates. We detected a positive correlation between rate of return from the ocean by downstream‐rearing fish and coastal upwelling in their spring of outmigration, whereas for natal‐reach‐rearing fish we detected a positive correlation with sea surface temperature during their first marine summer. Different responses to environmental variability should lead to asynchrony in adult abundance among juvenile LHPs. A higher proportion of downstream‐rearing fish returned at younger ages compared with natal‐reach‐rearing fish, which contributed to variability in age at reproduction and greater mixing across generations. Our results demonstrate how diversity in juvenile LHPs is associated with heterogeneity in demographic rates during subsequent life stages, which can in turn affect variance in aggregate population abundance and response to environmental change. Our findings underscore the importance of considering life history diversity in demographic analyses and provide insights into the effects of life history diversity on population dynamics and trade‐offs that contribute to the maintenance of life history diversity.
Acute heart failure after non‐cardiac surgery: incidence, phenotypes, determinants and outcomes
Authors: Gualandro Danielle M. , Puelacher Christian , Chew Michelle S. , Andersson Henrik , Lurati Buse Giovanna , Glarner Noemi , Mueller Daria , Cardozo Francisco A.M. , Burri‐Winkler Katrin , Mork Constantin , Wussler Desiree , Shrestha Samyut , Heidelberger Isabelle , Fält Mikael , Hidvegi Reka , Bolliger Daniel , Lampart Andreas , Steiner Luzius A. , Schären Stefan , Kindler Christoph , Gürke Lorenz , Rikli Daniel , Lardinois Didier , Osswald Stefan , Buser Andreas , Caramelli Bruno , Mueller Christian ,   for the BASEL‐PMI Investigators
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsPrimary acute heart failure (AHF) is a common cause of hospitalization. AHF may also develop postoperatively (pAHF). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, phenotypes, determinants and outcomes of pAHF following non‐cardiac surgery.Methods and resultsA total of 9164 consecutive high‐risk patients undergoing 11 262 non‐cardiac inpatient surgeries were prospectively included. The incidence, phenotypes, determinants and outcome of pAHF, centrally adjudicated by independent cardiologists, were determined. The incidence of pAHF was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–2.8%); 51% of pAHF occurred in patients without known heart failure (de novo pAHF), and 49% in patients with chronic heart failure. Among patients with chronic heart failure, 10% developed pAHF, and among patients without a history of heart failure, 1.5% developed pAHF. Chronic heart failure, diabetes, urgent/emergent surgery, atrial fibrillation, cardiac troponin elevations above the 99th percentile, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anaemia, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, and age, were independent predictors of pAHF in the logistic regression model. Patients with pAHF had significantly higher all‐cause mortality (44% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) and AHF readmission (15% vs. 2%, p < 0.001) within 1 year than patients without pAHF. After Cox regression analysis, pAHF was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.7 [95% CI 1.3–2.2]; p < 0.001) and AHF readmission (aHR 2.3 [95% CI 1.5–3.7]; p < 0.001). Findings were confirmed in an external validation cohort using a prospective multicentre cohort of 1250 patients (incidence of pAHF 2.4% [95% CI 1.6–3.3%]).ConclusionsPostoperative AHF frequently developed following non‐cardiac surgery, being de novo in half of cases, and associated with a very high mortality.
In silico investigations of the multi‐targeted antiviral potential of small molecule phytochemicals of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 for therapeutics of COVID‐19
Authors: Tyagi Saya , Shukla Anuradha , Ram Heera , Panwar Anil , Kumar Roshan , Tripathi Rashmi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe therapeutics of COVID‐2 was significantly obtained from nutraceutical approaches based on traditional knowledges and long practices. The current study was aimed to investigate antiviral potential of small molecule phytochemicals of seeds of Nelumbo nucifera against the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins. GC–MS analysis resulted in identifying 12 dominating small molecule phytocompounds from the seed extracts of the N. nucifera. Further, we selected RNA‐dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps), spike protein, and M protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 as antiviral targets and performed in silico analyses, including protein docking (ligands), ADMET predictions, and molecular dynamics (MD). The studies revealed that the molecular interactions (protein–ligands) of three target proteins, namely, RdRp, spike protein, and M‐protein, have significant binding energies with three different substrates, namely, 1‐(8′‐methylquinolin‐2′‐yl)‐2,3,4‐tri(methoxycarbonyl)‐6‐(1″,2″‐di(methoxycarbonyl)vinyloxy)benzene (binding energy −5.84 kcal/mol) 2(1H)‐pyrimidinone, 5‐chloro‐4,6‐diphenyl (binding energy −6.60 kcal/mol), and nickel, [2,8,12,18‐tetraethyl‐3,7,13,17‐tetramethyl‐21H,23H‐porphinato(2‐)‐N21,N22,N23,N24]‐, (SP‐4‐1) (binding energy −7.02 kcal/mol), respectively. The ADMET predictions show significant pharmacokinetic profiles of the druggability of the three compounds of different targets. The pharmacokinetic activities critical to predicting stages of the drug development process are gastrointestinal absorption and brain access. The MD simulation showed that the systems were stable, referring to them as a potentially effective treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, a possible initiative has been taken to evaluate three potent small molecules of antiviral phytocompounds made from typically edible N. nucifera seed to support the nutraceutical approach to COVID‐19 therapeutics.
Impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on neuropsychiatric symptoms and antipsychotic prescribing for people with dementia in nursing home settings
Authors: McDermid Joanne , Ballard Clive , Khan Zunera , Aarsland Dag , Fox Chris , Fossey Jane , Clare Linda , Moniz‐Cook Esme , Soto‐Martin Maria , Sweetnam Adrienne , Mills Kathryn , Cummings Jeffrey , Corbett Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on neuropsychiatric symptoms and antipsychotic use in people with dementia living in nursing homes.MethodsThis was a comparative analysis of baseline data from two large nursing home studies, one conducted during (COVID‐iWHELD study) and one prior (WHELD study) to the pandemic. It involves data from 69 and 149 nursing homes, and 1006 and 666 participants respectively. Participants were people with established dementia (score >1 on Clinical Dementia Rating Scale). Resident data included demographics, antipsychotic prescriptions and neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home version. Nursing home data collected were nursing home size and staffing information.ResultsOverall prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms was unchanged from pre‐pandemic prevalence. Mean antipsychotic use across the sample was 32.0%, increased from 18% pre‐pandemic (Fisher's exact test p < 0.0001). At a nursing home level, the medians for the low, medium and high tertiles for antipsychotic use were 7%, 20% and 59% respectively, showing a disproportionate rise in tertile three. Residents in these homes also showed a small but significant increase in agitation.ConclusionThere has been a significant increase in antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes since the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a disproportionate rise in one third of homes, where median prescription rates for antipsychotics were almost 60%. Strategies are urgently needed to identify these nursing homes and introduce pro‐active support to bring antipsychotic prescription rates back to pre‐pandemic levels.
Effects of tamoxifen on normal breast tissue histological composition: Results from a randomised six‐arm placebo‐controlled trial in healthy women
Authors: Gabrielson Marike , Hammarström Mattias , Bäcklund Magnus , Bergqvist Jenny , Lång Kristina , Rosendahl Ann H , Borgquist Signe , Hellgren Roxanna , Czene Kamila , Hall Per 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTamoxifen prevents recurrence of breast cancer and is suggested for preventive risk‐reducing therapy. Tamoxifen reduces mammographic density, a proxy for therapy response, but little is known about its effects in remodelling normal breast tissue. Our study, a substudy within the double‐blinded dose‐determination trial KARISMA, investigated tamoxifen‐specific changes in breast tissue composition and histological markers in healthy women. We included 83 healthy women randomised to 6 months daily intake of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1 mg of tamoxifen or placebo. The groups were combined to “no dose” (0‐1 mg), “low‐dose” (2.5‐5 mg) or “high‐dose” (10‐20 mg) of tamoxifen. Ultrasound‐guided biopsies were collected before and after tamoxifen exposure. In each biopsy, epithelial, stromal and adipose tissues was quantified, and expression of epithelial and stromal Ki67, oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) analysed. Mammographic density using STRATUS was measured at baseline and end‐of‐tamoxifen‐exposure. We found that different doses of tamoxifen reduced mammographic density and glandular‐epithelial area in premenopausal women and associated with reduced epithelium and increased adipose tissue. High‐dose tamoxifen also decreased epithelial ER and PR expressions in premenopausal women. Premenopausal women with the greatest reduction in proliferation also had the greatest epithelial reduction. In postmenopausal women, high‐dose tamoxifen decreased the epithelial area with no measurable density decrease. Tamoxifen at both low and high doses influences breast tissue composition and expression of histological markers in the normal breast. Our findings connect epithelial proliferation with tissue remodelling in premenopausal women and provide novel insights to understanding biological mechanisms of primary prevention with tamoxifen.
Immunoregulatory therapy improves live birth in Th17/Treg‐cell‐elevated women with embryo transfer failure
Authors: Meng Shihui , Ren Junxiang , Zhang Tianzhen , Jia Yingying , Han Hongjing , Shen Huan 
Published: January 2023

SynopsisImmunotherapy therapy can improve live birth rate in women with implantation failure. Patients may benefit more if they have elevated peripheral Th17/Treg ratio.
Global solvability and decay estimates for a type III thermo‐viscoelastic coupled system with infinite memory and boundary interaction feedback
Authors: Limam Abdelaziz , Boukhatem Yamna , Benabderrahmane Benyattou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA type III thermo‐viscoelastic coupled system with infinite memory and distributed delay is considered. The interaction feedback between the nonlinear damping and the acoustic conditions are reacted on portion of the boundary. We obtain the well posedness and regularity of the system by using semigroup theory which is combined with Schauder's fixed point theorem. Moreover, the general decay estimates are established under a much larger class of relaxation functions. Our results are obtained without the boundedness condition of initial data assumed in many earlier papers in the literature. This work generalizes the composite stability between infinite memory and nonlinear damping.
Periodic trends in the hydration energies and critical sizes of alkaline earth and transition metal dication water complexes
Authors: Yang Fan , Armentrout P. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis review encompasses guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry studies of hydrated metal dication complexes. Metals include the Group 2 alkaline earths (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba), late first‐row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), along with Cd. In all cases, threshold collision‐induced dissociation experiments are used to quantitatively determine the sequential hydration energies for M2+(H2O)x complexes ranging in size from one to 11 water molecules. Periodic trends in these bond dissociation energies are examined and discussed. Values are compared to other experimental results when available. In addition to dissociation by simple water ligand loss, complexes at a select size (which differs from metal to metal) are also observed to undergo charge separation to yield a hydrated metal hydroxide cation and a hydrated proton. This leads to the concept of a critical size, xcrit, and the periodic trends in this value are also discussed.
A set‐based approach for hierarchical optimization problem using Bayesian active learning
Authors: Shintani Kohei , Sugai Tomotaka , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the development of complex engineering systems, many engineers from different disciplines collaborate to identify feasible designs that satisfy all system requirements. Analytical target cascading (ATC) is a method for the design optimization of hierarchical, multilevel systems and has been successfully employed in the design of complex engineering systems. In this paper, we propose a novel data‐driven set‐based ATC (SBATC) method for hierarchical design optimization problems using machine learning techniques. The proposed SBATC offers two advantages in engineering processes. First, it decomposes hierarchical design optimization problems into sets of suboptimization problems. The feasible regions of the suboptimization problems are explored and cascaded to lower‐level optimization problems. Using the set‐based approach, couplings between two adjacent levels in the optimization process are not required. Second, an efficient strategy is employed to determine feasible regions based on Bayesian active learning (BAL). In BAL, the Gaussian process (GP) of all cost functions is trained. An acquisition function that combines the probability of feasibility and entropy search is evaluated using posterior distributions of the trained GP. The acquisition function is maximized to generate new sampling points around the feasible regions by balancing the exploitation and exploration of the design space. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical examples of hierarchical optimization problems are evaluated.
Overview of key results achieved in H2020 HighLite project helping to raise the EU PV industries' competitiveness
Authors: Tous Loic , Govaert Jonathan , Harrison Samuel , Carrière Carolyn , Barth Vincent , Giglia Valentin , Buchholz Florian , Chen Ning , Halm Andreas , Faes Antonin , Nogay Gizem , Quest Hugo , Roessler Torsten , Fellmeth Tobias , Reinwand Dirk , Stolzenburg Hannah , Schindler Florian , Mittag Max , Morlier Arnaud , Bokalic Matevz , Brecl Kristijan , Kikelj Miha , Topic Marko , Kester Josco , Wendlandt Stefan , Galiazzo Marco , Voltan Alessandro , Galbiati Giuseppe , Ortiga Marc Estruga , Torregrosa Frank , Grimm Michael , Denafas Julius , Radavicius Tadas , Lukinskas Povilas , Savisalo Tuukka , Regrettier Thomas , Gordon Ivan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe EU crystalline silicon (c‐Si) PV manufacturing industry has faced strong foreign competition in the last decade. To strive in this competitive environment and differentiate itself from the competition, the EU c‐Si PV manufacturing industry needs to (1) focus on highly performing c‐Si PV technologies, (2) include sustainability by design, and (3) develop differentiated PV module designs for a broad range of PV applications to tap into rapidly growing existing and new markets. This is precisely the aim of the 3.5 years long H2020 funded HighLite project, which started in October 2019 under the work program LC‐SC3‐RES‐15‐2019: Increase the competitiveness of the EU PV manufacturing industry. To achieve this goal, the HighLite project focuses on bringing two advanced PV module designs and the related manufacturing solutions to higher technology readiness levels (TRL). The first module design aims to combine the benefits of n‐type silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells (high efficiency and bifaciality potential, improved sustainability, rapidly growing supply chain in the EU) with the ones of shingle assembly (higher packing density, improved modularity, and excellent aesthetics). The second module design is based on the assembly of low‐cost industrial interdigitated back‐contact (IBC) cells cut in half or smaller, which is interesting to improve module efficiencies and increase modularity (key for application in buildings, vehicles, etc.). This contribution provides an overview of the key results achieved so far by the HighLite project partners and discusses their relevance to help raise the EU PV industries' competitiveness. We report on promising high‐efficiency industrial cell results (24.1% SHJ cell with a shingle layout and 23.9% IBC cell with passivated contacts), novel approaches for high‐throughput laser cutting and edge re‐passivation, module designs for BAPV, BIPV, and VIPV applications passing extended testing, and first 1‐year outdoor monitoring results compared with benchmark products.
Early childbearing experiences of young university student‐parents in South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Ngcobo Seluleko Eric , Shumba Kemist 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly childbearing is a major concern especially in developing countries. This study sought to understand student‐parents’ perspectives of early childbearing, describe their individual experiences and identify the types of support required for such young parents.MethodsThis was an exploratory qualitative study with semi‐structured in‐depth interviews among 20 purposively selected participants. All the participants were young parent‐students at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal in Durban, South Africa. The interviews were conducted in 2018.ResultsThe young parent‐students identified a lack of adequate information and knowledge about safe sex, contraceptive methods and prevention of pregnancies that led to early childbearing. The common misinformation that prevented the adoption of contraception methods were societal beliefs among men promoting early childbearing, coupled with the negative attitudes of healthcare workers in providing adequate information and reproductive health services. Both male and female parents suffered life‐changing consequences after early childbearing leading to financial burdens to support their new‐born and the interruption of their education. Government financial schemes and bursaries helped these young parents to financially support their new‐born, whereas family support in terms of taking care of the new‐born allowed them to continue with education. In addition, most participants identified having a child as a motivation for pursuing higher education. There is a need for Life Orientation programmes to be tailor‐made to provide adequate knowledge and sensitise the youth on appropriate life choices and access to contraceptives.ConclusionEarly childbearing resulted from a lack of adequate knowledge on safe sex and contraceptive methods, poor access to contraceptives, the negative attitudes of healthcare workers in proving adequate sexual and reproductive health services to the youth. Schemes to financially support the young parents and support from family members were key to helping the young parents to continue with university education.