bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from others' experience: Social fear conditioning deficits in patients with severe alcohol use disorder
Authors: Bakkali Nahid , Ott Laurent , Triquet Claire , Cottencin Olivier , Grynberg Delphine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health problem. A better understanding of the psychosocial factors contributing to AUD is important for developing public health policy. The purpose of this study was to identify social mechanisms involved in AUD and, more specifically, to determine whether vicarious learning deficits are related to the disorder. A secondary objective was to evaluate the role of empathy in social fear conditioning.MethodsPatients with severe AUD (n = 30) and healthy participants (n = 30) performed a social fear learning (SFL) task. The task assesses how an association between a stimulus and an aversive consequence is acquired through social means. Specifically, participants observed a person receiving an electric shock (unconditioned stimulus; US) that was associated (conditioned stimulus; CS+) or not (CS−) with a neutral CS. The skin conductance response was used to measure the effect of learning.ResultsIndividuals with severe AUD showed a deficit in SFL, indicating that they had difficulty learning from another's negative experience. Patients also evaluated the emotional experience as less unpleasant than healthy participants.ConclusionsThis study is the first to show that patients with severe AUD have social learning deficits. The findings suggest that these individuals do not learn from another's negative experience. At a fundamental level, the findings demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of social mechanisms in AUD. At a clinical level, the study highlights the potential for using social learning enhancement to prevent relapse in individuals with severe AUD.
Factors associated with entry to residential care in frail older inpatients
Authors: Misquitta Karen , Reid Natasha , Hubbard Ruth E. , Gordon Emily H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine factors that may influence the risk of discharge to a residential aged care facility (RACF) in a population of frail older inpatients.MethodsWe analysed data from 5846 inpatients aged over 60 years from 27 hospitals in Queensland, Australia, admitted from independent living and referred for geriatric consultation. Patients underwent an interRAI Acute Care Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment by trained nurses. Frailty was assessed using a 52‐item frailty index (FI). Risk/protective factors were determined a priori. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between factors and discharge destination, adjusted for FI, age, sex and hospital. Frailty × risk/protective factor interactions were performed.ResultsPatients had a mean (SD) age of 79.7 (8.2) years and a mean (SD) FI of 0.44 (0.14). Twenty‐nine per cent (n = 1678) of patients were discharged to an RACF. Each 0.1 increment in FI increased the risk of discharge to an RACF by 54% (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.40–1.68, p < 0.01). Being married or in a de facto relationship had protective effects up to an FI of 0.7, whereas behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) increased the risk of RACF discharge up to an FI of 0.7. Female sex, faecal incontinence and living alone did not influence the relationship between frailty and discharge destination.ConclusionsThe association between frailty and discharge to RACF has previously been recognised but here we found that risk and protective factors can influence this association. Whether early identification and management of mutable factors can reduce discharge to RACF should be addressed in future studies.
Climate Cascades: IOs and the Prioritization of Climate Action
Authors: Clark Richard , Zucker Noah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInternational organizations (IOs) are rapidly reorienting around climate change, despite powerful principal states having divergent preferences on the issue. When and why do IOs prioritize climate change? We argue that they do so as a result of an endogenous process of staff learning and rotation. IO staff surveil and implement programs in target states. When working in climate‐vulnerable countries, they come to see climate change as an issue warranting aggressive action. As these staff are rotated and promoted, interest in climate diffuses outwards and upwards through the institution. To test this theory, we introduce original data tracking the International Monetary Fund's attention to climate change and the career paths of key staff. We complement this with interviews of International Monetary Fund personnel. We find support for our theory.
Bureaucratic Structure and Compliance with International Agreements
Authors: Carcelli Shannon P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhy do some states comply with international agreements while others flout them? In this article, I introduce a previously unconsidered explanation: bureaucratic structure. I develop a rational choice model examining the impact of bureaucratic structure on compliance, suggesting that the existence of several distinct bureaucracies can mute compliance with an international agreement by insulating some bureaucrats from pressure to comply. I examine this theory through newly coded data on a 2001 OECD agreement designed to decrease the percentage of aid that is “tied” to donor‐state products and services—a practice that is popular among special interests but which decreases foreign aid's effectiveness. I find that non–development‐oriented bureaucracies, such as departments of interior, labor, and energy, were significantly less likely to comply with the agreement than traditional development bureaucracies. This aggregates to the state level as well, where states with many aid agencies were less compliant than states with a streamlined bureaucracy.
Exploiting nanopore sequencing for characterization and grading of IDH‐mutant gliomas
Authors: Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Anekwiang Panatna , Arigul Tantip , Thongrattana Wichayapat , Jamshidi‐Parsian Azemat , Boysen Gunnar , Suriyaphol Prapat , Suktitipat Bhoom , Srirabheebhat Prajak , Cheunsuchon Pornsuk , Tanboon Jantima , Nookaew Intawat , Sathornsumetee Sith 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors recommended evaluation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) deletion in addition to codeletion of 1p/19q to characterize IDH‐mutant gliomas. Here, we demonstrated the use of a nanopore‐based copy‐number variation sequencing (nCNV‐seq) approach to simultaneously identify deletions of CDKN2A/B and 1p/19q. The nCNV‐seq approach was initially evaluated on three distinct glioma cell lines and then applied to 19 IDH‐mutant gliomas (8 astrocytomas and 11 oligodendrogliomas) from patients. The whole‐arm 1p/19q codeletion was detected in all oligodendrogliomas with high concordance among nCNV‐seq, FISH, DNA methylation profiling, and whole‐genome sequencing. For the CDKN2A/B deletion, nCNV‐seq detected the loss in both astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, with strong correlation with the CNV profiles derived from whole‐genome sequencing (Pearson correlation (r) = 0.95, P < 2.2 × 10−16 to r = 0.99, P < 2.2 × 10−16) and methylome profiling. Furthermore, nCNV‐seq can differentiate between homozygous and hemizygous deletions of CDKN2A/B. Taken together, nCNV‐seq holds promise as a new, alternative approach for a rapid and simultaneous detection of the molecular signatures of IDH‐mutant gliomas without capital expenditure for a sequencer.
Infantile onset encephalomyopathy, retinopathy, optic atrophy, and mitochondrial DNA depletion associated with a novel pathogenic DHX16 variant
Authors: Hautakangas Milla‐Riikka , Widgren Paula , Korpelainen Paavo , Kangas Salla M. , Komulainen Tuomas , Vieira Päivi , Rahikkala Elisa , Pylkäs Katri , Tuominen Hannu , Kokkonen Hannaleena , Miinalainen Ilkka , Nadaf Javad , Majewski Jacek , Hinttala Reetta , Uusimaa Johanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe studied a patient with mitochondrial DNA depletion in skeletal muscle and a multiorgan phenotype, including fatal encephalomyopathy, retinopathy, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss. Instead of pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial maintenance genes, we identified previously unpublished variant in DHX16 gene, a de novo heterozygous c.1360C>T (p. Arg454Trp). Variants in DHX16 encoding for DEAH‐box RNA helicase have previously been reported only in five patients with a phenotype called as neuromuscular oculoauditory syndrome including developmental delay, neuromuscular symptoms, and ocular or auditory defects with or without seizures. We performed functional studies on patient‐derived fibroblasts and skeletal muscle revealing, that the DHX16 expression was decreased. Clinical features together with functional data suggest, that our patient's disease is associated with a novel pathogenic DHX16 variant, and mtDNA depletion could be a secondary manifestation of the disease.
Role of ultra‐high definition endoscopy (endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy) and real‐time histologic examination in inflammatory bowel disease: Scoping review
Authors: Pal Partha , Ramchandani Mohan , Patel Rajendra , Banerjee Rupa , Kanaganti Swathi , Gupta Rajesh , Tandan Manu , Reddy Duvvuru Nageshwar 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesConfocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and endocytoscopy (EC) are ultra‐high definition (HD) imaging modalities that enable real‐time histological assessment. Although existent for nearly two decades, their role in current clinical decision making in inflammatory bowel disease management is not well defined.MethodsWe searched PubMed using keywords (“confocal” OR “CLE” OR “endocytoscopy”) AND (“IBD” OR “inflammatory bowel” OR “Crohn*” OR “Crohn's” OR “colitis ulcerosa” OR “ulcerative colitis”) between 2005 and March 2023. We identified 52 studies for detailed review.ResultsConfocal laser endomicroscopy was useful in real‐time assessment of histologic inflammation and dysplasia characterization in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Although CLE was associated with higher per‐biopsy yield for UC‐associated neoplasia (UCAN), the benefit was offset by higher procedure time, frequent equipment failure, and conflicting results on incremental yield over chromoendoscopy. Assessment of barrier dysfunction by CLE did not correlate with disease/endoscopic activity but could predict major adverse outcomes. The implications of residual CLE abnormalities in endoscopic remission remain uncertain. Ex vivo binding of labeled biologics can help in predicting biologic response in UC. EC can discriminate mucosal inflammatory cells by morphology and allows assessment of histologic activity. EC combined with pit pattern was better than pit pattern alone for UCAN. Artificial intelligence‐assisted EC in UCAN needs further study.ConclusionUltra‐HD imaging in inflammatory bowel disease can be useful in assessment of UCAN, barrier dysfunction, predicting histologic remission, and biologic response. Future controlled studies are warranted to define the role of these novel technologies in clinical decision making.
Views of children with diabetes from underserved communities, and their families on diabetes, glycaemic control and healthcare provision: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Moore Theresa H. , Dawson Sarah , Wheeler Jessica , Hamilton‐Shield Julian , Barrett Timothy G. , Redwood Sabi , Litchfield Ian , Greenfield Sheila M. , Searle Aidan ,   the Diversity in Diabetes (DID) Consortium Members
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsChildren and young people with diabetes (CYPD) from socio‐economically deprived and/or ethnic minority groups tend to have poorer glucose control and greater risk of diabetes‐related complications. In this systematic review of qualitative evidence (qualitative evidence synthesis, QES), we aimed to explore the experiences and views of clinical encounters in diabetes care from the perspectives of CYPD and their family/carers from underserved communities and healthcare professionals in diabetes care.MethodsWe searched 6 databases to March 2022 with extensive search terms, and used a thematic synthesis following methods of Thomas and Harden.ResultsWe identified 7 studies and described 11 descriptive themes based on primary and secondary constructs. From these, three “analytical themes” were developed. (1) “Alienation of CYPD” relates to their social identity and interaction with peers, family and health service practitioners in the context of diabetes self‐ and family/carer management and is impacted by communication in the clinical encounter. (2) “Empowerment of CYPD and family/carers” explores families' understanding of risks and consequences of diabetes and taking responsibility for self‐ and family/carer management in the context of their socio‐cultural background. (3) “Integration of diabetes (into self and family)” focuses on the ability to integrate diabetes self‐management into the daily lives of CYPD and family/carers beyond the clinical consultation.ConclusionsThe analytical themes are interdependent and provide a conceptual framework from which to explore and strengthen the therapeutic alliance in clinical encounters and to foster greater concordance with treatment plans. Communicating the biomedical aspects of managing diabetes in the clinical encounter is important, but should be balanced with addressing socio‐emotional factors important to CYPD and family/carers.
Native fish abundance and habitat selection changes in the presence of nonnative piscivores
Authors: Jenney Christopher J. , Bauder Javan M. , Bonar Scott A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe compared abundance patterns and developed resource selection models for imperilled native southwestern (USA) fishes in the presence and absence of Black Bass (Micropterus spp.) to evaluate how fishes alter their selection for habitats when sympatric with a nonnative piscivore. We collected data using snorkel surveys and in‐stream habitat sampling in Fossil Creek (AZ), upstream (native fish only) and downstream (native and nonnative fish) of a fish barrier. The abundance of all Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta), small (≤127 mm total length [TL]; vulnerable to predation) Sonora Sucker (Catostomus insignis) and Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) was significantly reduced, but the abundance of both small and large (>127 mm TL; invulnerable to predation) Desert Sucker (Catostomus clarkii) was similar in sampling reaches with and without Black Bass. When sympatric with Black Bass, small Roundtail Chub increased their selection for riffles by 2.57 times and small Desert Sucker reduce their selection for pools by 6.90 times while also selecting for faster flow velocity and finer substrates in lotic mesohabitats. Large native fishes altered selection least, notwithstanding an increased selection for canopy cover in sampling reaches with Black Bass. Observed shifts in resource selection are consistent with predator avoidance strategies. Our study highlights the behavioural consequences of nonnative piscivores on native fish communities and stresses the importance of maintaining lotic mesohabitats as potential refugia for vulnerable native fishes when nonnative piscivores are present.
Comparison of biospecimens for α‐synuclein seed amplification assays in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Yuanchu , Li Siming , Yang Chen , Yu Zhenwei , Jiang Ying , Feng Tao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAlpha‐synuclein seed amplification assays (α‐syn SAAs) are promising diagnostic methods for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. However, there is limited consensus regarding the diagnostic and differential diagnostic performance of α‐syn SAAs on biofluids and peripheral tissues.MethodsA comprehensive research was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model. A network meta‐analysis based on an ANOVA model was conducted to compare the relative accuracy of α‐syn SAAs with different specimens.ResultsThe pooled sensitivity and specificity of α‐syn SAAs in distinguishing PD from healthy controls or non‐neurodegenerative neurological controls were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89‐0.92) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.94‐0.96) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 0.91 (95% CI 0.86–0.94) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.87‐0.95) for skin; 0.80 (95% CI 0.66‐0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.69‐0.96) for submandibular gland; 0.44 (95% CI 0.30–0.59) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.79–0.98) for gastrointestinal tract; 0.79 (95% CI 0.70–0.86) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.77–0.95) for saliva; and 0.51 (95% CI 0.39‐0.62) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.84‐0.96) for olfactory mucosa (OM). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 (95% CI 0.89–0.93) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.44–0.55) for CSF, 0.92 (95% CI 0.83–0.97) and 0.22 (95% CI 0.06–0.48) for skin, and 0.55 (95% CI 0.42–0.68) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.35–0.65) for OM in distinguishing PD from multiple system atrophy. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.94) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.73–0.91) for CSF, 0.92 (95% CI 0.83–0.97) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.64–0.99) for skin and 0.63 (95% CI 0.52‐0.73) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.64‐0.97) for OM in distinguishing PD from progressive supranuclear palsy. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.77–1.00) for CSF and 0.94 (95% CI 0.84–0.99) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.42–1.00) for skin in distinguishing PD from corticobasal degeneration.Conclusionsα‐Synuclein SAAs of CSF, skin, saliva, submandibular gland, gastrointestinal tract and OM are promising diagnostic assays for PD, with CSF and skin α‐syn SAAs demonstrating higher diagnostic performance.
Next activity prediction of ongoing business processes based on deep learning
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Yang Siqing , Ying Yuke , Yu Dongjin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNext activity prediction of business processes (BPs) provides valid execution information of ongoing (i.e., unfinished) process instances, which enables process executors to rationally allocate resources and detect process deviations in advance. Current researches on next activity prediction, however, concentrate mostly on model construction without in‐depth analysis of historical event logs. In this article, we are dedicated to proposing an approach to forecast the next activity effectively in BPs. After in‐depth analysis of historical event logs, three types of candidate activity attributes are defined and calculated as additional input for the prediction based on three essential elements, that is, frequent activity patterns, trace similarity and position information. Furthermore, we construct an effective hybrid prediction model combining the popular convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) with self‐attention mechanism. Specifically, CNN is used to extract the temporal features before importing into Bi‐LSTM for accurate prediction, and self‐attention mechanism is applied to strengthen features that have decisive effects on the prediction results. Comparison experiments on four real‐life datasets demonstrate that our hybrid model with selected attributes achieves better performance on next activity prediction than single models, and improves the prediction accuracy by 2.98%, 6.05%, 2.70% and 5.26% on Helpdesk, Sepsis, BPIC2013 Incidents and BPIC2012O datasets than the state‐of‐the‐art methods, respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of geopolymer from “In Natura” red mud and glass waste
Authors: Fagundes Júnia Toledo , Santana Vanessa Pereira , Ferreira Gabriella Andrade , Brigolini Guilherme Jorge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of red mud in the geopolymer production is an attractive method for managing this waste. However, the processing steps usually applied, such as drying and grinding, can significantly increase the material processing costs, and consequently increase the cost of the final product. In this study, geopolymers were developed using red mud “in natura” (non‐processed slurry) and glass waste powder. Parameters including SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (4, 5, and 6), NaOH solution (6, 8, and 10 M) and curing duration (10, 28, and 56 days), were examined to understand the extent and degree of geopolymerization. Compressive strength tests were performed along with the analysis of their microstructural characteristics using quantitative x‐ray diffraction (QXRD) analysis based on Rietveld's refinement method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal analysis (TG and DTA). As a result, higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and NaOH solution concentrations generally lead to greater compressive strength, which ranges from 9.7 to 43.1 MPa. Microstructural and compositional analyses demonstrated that the final products consist of an amorphous geopolymer binder, crystalline phases originating from raw RM and a neoformed phase, Garronite. This study showed that the RM without any processing step displays a high potential in the geopolymer production.
Differential associations between television viewing, computer use, and adiposity by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in United States youth: A cross‐sectionalNHANESanalysis
Authors: Zink Jennifer , Liu Benmei , Yang Chih‐Hsiang , Herrick Kirsten A. , Berrigan David 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBackgroundTime spent on screens and adiposity change rapidly from childhood to adolescence, with differences by gender and race/ethnicity.ObjectiveApply time‐varying effect models (TVEMs) to a nationally representative sample of youth to identify the age ranges when the cross‐sectional associations between television viewing, computer use, and adiposity are significant.MethodsData from 8 to 15‐year‐olds (n = 3593) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) were extracted. TVEMs estimated the associations between television viewing, computer use, and fat mass index as dynamic functions of the participants' age, stratified by gender and race/ethnicity.ResultsTVEMs revealed age‐specific statistically significant associations that differed by gender and race/ethnicity. Notably, computer use was related to higher adiposity in non‐Hispanic White females aged 9.3–11.4 years (slope β‐range: 0.1–0.2) and in non‐Hispanic Black females older than 14.8 years (β‐range: 0.1–0.5). In males, these age windows were 13.5–15.0 years (non‐Hispanic White, β‐range: 0.1–0.2), 11.4–13.0 years (non‐Hispanic Black, β‐range: 0.1–0.14), and older than 13.0 years (Hispanic, β‐range: 0.1–0.4).ConclusionsMore research during the specific age ranges in the demographic subgroups identified here could increase our understanding of tailored interventions in youth.