bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology of Asymptotically Conical Calabi–Yau and G2 Manifolds and Desingularization of Nearly Kähler and Nearly G2 Conifolds
Authors: Schiemanowski Lothar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA natural approach to the construction of nearly$$G_2$$G2manifolds lies in resolving nearly$$G_2$$G2spaces with isolated conical singularities by gluing in asymptotically conical$$G_2$$G2manifolds modelled on the same cone. If such a resolution exits, one expects there to be a family of nearly$$G_2$$G2manifolds, whose endpoint is the original nearly$$G_2$$G2conifold and whose parameter is the scale of the glued in asymptotically conical$$G_2$$G2manifold. We show that in many cases such a curve does not exist. The non-existence result is based on a topological result for asymptotically conical$$G_2$$G2manifolds: if the rate of the metric is below$$-3$$-3, then the$$G_2$$G24-form is exact if and only if the manifold is Euclidean$$\mathbb R^7$$R7. A similar construction is possible in the nearly Kähler case, which we investigate in the same manner with similar results. In this case, the non-existence results is based on a topological result for asymptotically conical Calabi–Yau 6-manifolds: if the rate of the metric is below$$-3$$-3, then the square of the Kähler form and the complex volume form can only be simultaneously exact, if the manifold is Euclidean$$\mathbb R^6$$R6.
The Role of Mindfulness, Mind Wandering, Attentional Control, and Maladaptive Personality Traits in Problematic Gaming Behavior
Authors: Chiorri Carlo , Soraci Paolo , Ferrari Ambra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Problematic gaming has become a phenomenon of growing clinical relevance due to its negative impact on life and mental health outcomes. Much research has been carried out on its complex aetiology, and some studies have suggested that dispositional mindfulness, mind wandering, attentional control, and maladaptive personality traits may play some role, but they have never been included in the same prediction model. This study used Gaussian graphical models and Bayesian networks to investigate the pattern of association of these constructs and of background and gaming-related variables with problematic gaming in a sample of adult gamers.

Method
Participants (n = 506) were administered an online survey comprising a questionnaire on background and gaming-related variables and the Gaming Disorder Test, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15, the Mind Wandering-Spontaneous and Deliberate scales, the Attention Control-Distraction and Shifting scales, and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form.

Results
Gaussian graphical models showed that problematic gaming was directly associated with Acting with Awareness, Disinhibition, Psychoticism, playing more than 30 hr a week, ability level, and playing strategy games. Bayesian networks indicated that the occurrence of high levels of problematic gaming directly depended on the presence of low scores on Acting with Awareness.

Conclusions
The results suggest that one key feature of problematic gamers can be a high level of spontaneous thinking, either in the form of mind wandering or in the lack of Acting with Awareness, while maladaptive personality traits and attentional control seem to play a less central role.
Mindful Text Comprehension: Meditation Training Improves Reading Comprehension of Meditation Novices
Authors: Lusnig Larissa , Hofmann Markus J. , Radach Ralph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Research on the effects of meditation practice on reading performance is a new and promising field of research. However, the evidence on whether meditation improves reading comprehension and/or speed in continuous reading is inconclusive. The present work addresses this question.

Method
For the present longitudinal study, undergraduate students (n = 52) participated in a 6-week mindfulness meditation course or an active control condition. We assessed reading comprehension and speed before and after the intervention/control condition, as well as emotion regulation, sustained attention, and personality traits.

Results
Reading comprehension improved significantly after the meditation intervention (B = 2.15, t = 3.47, p = 0.002, d = 0.69), but reading speed did not change, contrary to our expectations. The control group showed no significant changes in either text comprehension or reading speed. Further, we found that meditation led to better attention capacity. Improved attention was positively associated with improved reading comprehension in the meditation group, though attention capacity did not mediate the effect on text comprehension. While we found that meditation can increase the acceptance of one’s own emotions and decrease emotional overload, these covariates did not affect comprehension performance.

Conclusions
The present work shows that mindfulness meditation improves attention capacity and text comprehension. However, mindfulness meditation does not affect reading speed. Finally, we confirmed that meditation can help in emotion regulation.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.
Intraoperative thermal infrared imaging in neurosurgery: machine learning approaches for advanced segmentation of tumors
Authors: Cardone Daniela , Trevisi Gianluca , Perpetuini David , Filippini Chiara , Merla Arcangelo , Mangiola Annunziato 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurgical resection is one of the most relevant practices in neurosurgery. Finding the correct surgical extent of the tumor is a key question and so far several techniques have been employed to assist the neurosurgeon in preserving the maximum amount of healthy tissue. Some of these methods are invasive for patients, not always allowing high precision in the detection of the tumor area. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations, developing machine learning based models, relying on features obtained from a contactless and non-invasive technique, the thermal infrared (IR) imaging. The thermal IR videos of thirteen patients with heterogeneous tumors were recorded in the intraoperative context. Time (TD)- and frequency (FD)-domain features were extracted and fed different machine learning models. Models relying on FD features have proven to be the best solutions for the optimal detection of the tumor area (Average Accuracy = 90.45%; Average Sensitivity = 84.64%; Average Specificity = 93,74%). The obtained results highlight the possibility to accurately detect the tumor lesion boundary with a completely non-invasive, contactless, and portable technology, revealing thermal IR imaging as a very promising tool for the neurosurgeon.
Ko-Konstruktionen über das Schriftsystem – Eine Herausforderung für Lehrende, Lernende und die fachdidaktische Forschung
Authors: Jagemann Sarah , Bormann Franziska , Weinhold Swantje 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Deutschunterricht stellt sich die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von sprachlichem und fachlichem Lernen in besonderer Weise. Hier ist Sprache nicht nur Medium und Werkzeug, sondern selbstderLerngegenstand. Im basalen Lese- und Rechtschreibunterricht ergibt sich aus diesem Zusammenhang von Lerngegenstand und Lernmedium für Lernende und Lehrende eine besondere Herausforderung: Das Schriftsystem muss als ein sprachliches Teilsystem mit eigenen Gesetzmäßigkeiten und in seinen Zusammenhängen zur gesprochenen Sprache durchschaut und im Medium gesprochener und geschriebener Sprache verhandelt werden.In dem ProjektKo-Konstruktionen über das Schriftsystem(KoKonS) untersuchen wir vor diesem Hintergrund, wie in Aushandlungsprozessen über das Schriftsystem Wissen und Bedeutungen über diesen Lerngegenstand von Lehrkräften und Lernenden (ko-)konstruiert werden und welche Zusammenhänge dabei zwischen sprachlichem und fachlichem Lernen identifiziert werden können.In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird zum einen gezeigt, welche Anforderungen solche Aushandlungsprozesse an die Akteure in der Praxis stellen. Zum anderen wird einModell zur Analyse von Aushandlungsprozessen über das Schriftsystem(MAAuS) vorgestellt. Es bietet ein inhaltsanalytisches Kategoriensystem, mit dem die Deskription des Zusammenspiels von sprachlichen, fachlichen und materiellen Handlungskomponenten in Aushandlungsprozessen theoretisch und empirisch möglich wird. Anhand einer exemplarischen Analyse wird eine für Aushandlungsprozesse über das Schriftsystem spezifische Verflechtung sprachlicher und fachlicher Handlungskomponenten sichtbar. Wir definieren diese alselementare Zugriffeauf den Lerngegenstand ‚Schriftsystem‘.
Need for considering urban climate change factors on stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and mood disorders studies
Authors: Tewari Kushagra , Tewari Mukul , Niyogi Dev 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adverse health impacts of climate change have been well documented. It is increasingly apparent that the impacts are disproportionately higher in urban populations, especially underserved communities. Studies have linked urbanization and air pollution with health impacts, but the exacerbating role of urban heat islands (UHI) in the context of neurodegenerative diseases has not been well addressed. The complex interplay between climate change, local urban air pollution, urbanization, and a rising population in cities has led to the byproduct of increased heat stress in urban areas. Some urban neighborhoods with poor infrastructure can have excessive heat even after sunset, increasing internal body temperature and leading to hyperthermic conditions. Such conditions can put individuals at higher risk of stroke by creating a persistent neuroinflammatory state, including, in some instances, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) phenotypes. Components of the AD phenotype, such as amyloid beta plaques, can disrupt long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which can negatively alter the mesolimbic function and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Furthermore, although a link has not previously been established between heat and Parkinson’s Disease (PD), it can be postulated that neuroinflammation and cell death can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and thus lead to Lewy Body formation, which is a hallmark of PD. Such postulations are currently being presented in the emerging field of ‘neurourbanism’. This study highlights that: (i) the impact of urban climate, air pollution and urbanization on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders is an area that needs further investigation; (ii) urban climate- health studies need to consider the heterogeneity in the urban environment and the impact it has on the UHI. In that, a clear need exists to go beyond the use of airport-based representative climate data to a consideration of more spatially explicit, high-resolution environmental datasets for such health studies, especially as they pertain to the development of locally-relevant climate adaptive health solutions. Recent advances in the development of super-resolution (downscaled climate) datasets using computational tools such as convolution neural networks (CNNs) and other machine learning approaches, as well as the emergence of urban field labs that generate spatially explicit temperature and other environmental datasets across different city neighborhoods, will continue to become important. Future climate – health studies need to develop strategies to benefit from such urban climate datasets that can aid the creation of localized, effective public health assessments and solutions.
The Malay Monarchies in Constitutional and Social Conception
Authors: Harding Andrew , Kumarasingham Harshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the constitutional nature of the Malaysian monarchies in their social context. We discuss the evolution of the monarchies through pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial history, and account for their survival despite several attempts to curb their powers, including restriction of the royal assent and sovereign immunity. It is argued that the powers of the monarchies respond to their historical role and social embeddedness of the monarchies, stretching the role of the Rulers beyond the Westminster norms as set out in constitutional texts. Moving to contemporary issues, we see the assertion of the right to uphold the Constitution in relation to prime-ministerial appointments, and acting on advice. Here, the monarchies reflect a braiding of both traditional elements and Westminster constitutional norms.
The Progressive Monarchy of Bhutan: A Not-So-Absolute Monarchy to a Democratic Constitutional Monarchy
Authors: Dorji Nima 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article provides a descriptive account of the evolution of the Bhutanese monarchy, and normative claims about its endurance and its nature, suggesting that the monarchy is both the expression of as well as the guardian of the country’s constitutional identity. Bhutan became a democratic constitutional monarchy by adopting the written Constitution in 2008 after a successful 100 years of hereditary monarchy. The willingness of successive monarchs to evolve based on changing times, their ability to ensure stability and continuity, and work for the benefits of the people and country guided by the principles of Buddhist kingship seem to have contributed not only in them benefitting from unqualified support of the people, but also in attaining the status of an expression of Bhutanese constitutional identity.
Can dogs help chickens? Pet owners’ willingness to pay for animal welfare-friendly pet food in the United States
Authors: Pearce Hillary , Neill Clinton L , Royal Kenneth , Pairis-Garcia Monique 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Consumer concern about farmed animal welfare is growing but does not always translate into real-world purchasing behaviour of welfare-friendly animal products for human consumption. Possible reasons for this include unfamiliarity with farming practices and economic sensitivity. In contrast, the number and role of pets in the United States have grown measurably, and spending on pets is strong. The pet food market has many opportunity niches as pet owners navigate strong marketing trends and nutrition philosophies. We hypothesised that pet owners in the US would be willing to pay a premium for pet food containing welfare-friendly animal ingredients. Eight hundred and thirty-eight pet owners completed an online survey asking questions that measured their knowledge of and interest in farm animal welfare, and their willingness-to-pay for pet food labelled as farm animal welfare-friendly. Respondents overall displayed relatively low knowledge about farm animal welfare, but poor self-assessment of their own knowledge. They displayed interest in farm animal welfare and an overall positive mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) for welfare-friendly pet food. Younger respondents, women and cat owners displayed a higher WTP than older respondents, men and dog owners. Income level was not correlated to WTP. Creating pet food products that contain animal ingredients produced using welfare-friendly practices may enhance farm animal welfare via two primary avenues: by providing a sustainable and value-added outlet for the by-products of welfare-friendly human food products, and by providing an educational opportunity about farm animal production via pet food packaging and other advertising.
Metaethics and the Limits of Normative Contract Theory
Authors: Swaminathan Shivprasad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article outlines two models of constructing contract theory: The impinging model (based on metaethical cognitivism), which gives central place to truth and justification; and the projectivist model (based on metaethical non-cognitivism), which gives central place to attitudes and motivation. It is argued that modern contract theories which typically seek to present the whole body of contract doctrine as deducible from, and morally justifiable by, one or a small number of apex principles, presuppose the impinging model. By contrast, a projectivist approach to theory creation does not purport to offer justificatory apex principles, but rather argues for propositions that are likely to have maximum motivational purchase in the practical reasoning of contract law’s subjects. The article then goes on to point out the theoretical cost of the impinging model and argues that projectivist accounts do a better job of accommodating the internal point of view of contract law’s subjects.
Children’s Participation in Divorce Proceedings—An Arendtian Critique
Authors: Barshack Lior 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe essay proposes that children should not participate in custody proceedings because they lack a place in the public world, a concept which was developed by Arendt and which I elaborate on the basis of her writings. Arendt’s concepts of place in the world and of childhood are correlated, polar ethical concepts. ‘Place in the world’ as described by Arendt combines commitment to worldbuilding as a collaborative enterprise, relations of mutual-recognition among equal co-builders of the public world, an inviolable place in public and private realms, and self-disclosure through the staging of public appearances. We should recognize children as rightful participants in divorce proceedings when we are ready to treat them as occupants of place in the world, split between public and private realms and corresponding public and private voices. Recent practices of children’s participation undermine the intimate realm of childhood as well as the public world.
James Sharpe’s Contributions to Neurology and Neuro-ophthalmology: A Posthumous Tribute 10 Years On
Authors: Barton Jason J. S. , Hershenfeld Seymour A. , Johnston Janine L. , Kim Ji-Soo , Ranalli Paul J. , Salman Michael S. , Tyndel Felix J. , White Owen B. , Wong Agnes M. , Zackon David H. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT:Dr. Sharpe was a leading eye movement researcher who had also been the editor of this journal. We wish to mark the 10th anniversary of his death by providing a sense of what he had achieved through some examples of his research.
CONSTRUCTING MAXIMAL COFINITARY GROUPS
Authors: SCHRITTESSER DAVID 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImproving and clarifying a construction of Horowitz and Shelah, we show how to construct (in
$\mathsf {ZF}$
, i.e., without using the Axiom of Choice) maximal cofinitary groups. Among the groups we construct, one is definable by a formula in second-order arithmetic with only a few natural number quantifiers.
Direct Election, Bureaucratic Appointment and Local Government Responsiveness in Taiwan
Authors: Newland Sara A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDoes local democracy induce better service to citizens? While elected officials can be punished at the ballot box if they fail to address citizens’ needs, appointed bureaucrats may have policy knowledge that enables them to better serve citizens. Employing a multimethod design, this paper uses variation in local political institutions in Taiwan to assess the relative merits of direct election and bureaucratic appointment for local government responsiveness. While democratic institutions are often thought to induce responsiveness, I find that in Taiwan, with its historically strong bureaucracy and relatively new democratic institutions, the picture is somewhat more complicated. Elected and appointed officials face different incentives that motivate the latter to respond more quickly and effectively to online requests for help.
The perceived legitimacy of deliberative minipublics: taking the perspective of polarized citizens
Authors: van Dijk Lisa , Turkenburg Emma , Pow James 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeliberative minipublics are becoming increasingly popular, with both scholars and practitioners highlighting their potential to bolster public approval of political decision-making. Yet, it remains unclear whether minipublics are able to do so in contexts where the public itself is deeply divided – a concern which becomes only more relevant as levels of polarization are said to rise across the globe. In this study, we argue that polarized citizens may perceive minipublics and their outcomes as less legitimate than more moderate citizens. We use original survey data from Northern Ireland (n= 932), a highly polarized society where a minipublic was organized on the contentious issue of the region’s constitutional future. We find that higher levels of ideological polarization and, to an extent, affective polarization are associated with lower levels of perceived minipublic legitimacy among the wider public, although effects are small. This offers novel insights into the role of minipublics in polarized settings.
Anisotropy and Heterogeneity Induced by Shale in Aquifer lithology—Influence of Aquifer Shale on the Leaky Model With Tidal Response Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Fu Li‐Yun , Zhu Aiyu , Zhao Lianfeng , Qi Shengwen , Huang Tianming , Ma Yuchuan , Zhang Wang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTidal and barometric water‐level responses in wells have been widely used to calculate the hydraulic properties of aquifer systems. The effect of anisotropy induced by shale content on such responses has not received significant attention. In this study, we examine how the presence of shale (anisotropy, extremely low porosity/permeability; approximately 10−4 to 10−3 mD), which occurs as interlayers in aquifers, affects the tidal responses of the leaky model. Our findings show that the number of wells with shale in the screened section of the study aquifer is limited. Here, we focus on the study of the limited number of wells in the North China Platform to ensure a similar geological background for each well. Calculations indicate that wells, even with a small amount of shale (≥∼5%) in the observation aquifer, may exhibit strong anisotropy and heterogeneity, deviating from the theoretical analytical solutions obtained using isotropic and homogeneous assumption models. Generally, the higher the shale content in aquifer lithology, the greater the phase shifts deviated. Thus, theoretical ideal models with isotropic and homogeneous assumptions may only obtain a rough estimation for wells with shale in aquifer lithology, suggesting that we avoid setting observation aquifers onto shale layers.
Summer Arctic Atmospheric Circulation and Its Association With the Ensuing East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability
Authors: Yu Qikai , Wu Bingyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe impact of autumn Arctic sea ice reduction on the winter climate in Eurasia has been widely studied, but the role of the atmospheric circulation of the preceding summer has been mostly neglected. This study investigates a linkage between the summer Arctic circulation anomaly and the ensuing East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) variability. The Arctic circulation anomaly, characterized by an anomalous anti‐cyclone occupying the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas, can strongly melt Arctic sea ice in the Kara Sea‐Laptev Sea‐East Siberian Sea‐Chukchi Sea‐Beaufort Sea through dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The combination of the summer anti‐cyclone (cyclone) anomaly and light (heavy) autumn sea ice leads to an enhanced (weakened) EAWM. By introducing the coupling relationship between summer circulation and autumn sea ice into numerical experiments, the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 model has a good capability for capturing EAWM variability. Nevertheless, the dominant features of EAWM variability cannot be reproduced when the autumn sea ice mismatches the preceding summer circulation in the model. Therefore, the preceding summer circulation may modulate the impact of sea ice on Eurasia to some extent, which may increase uncertainties in the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on winter atmospheric circulation variability.