bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disproportionate Expression of ATM in Cerebellar Cortex During Human Neurodevelopment
Authors: Deacon Simon , Dalleywater William , Peat Charles , Paine Simon M. L. , Dineen Rob A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCerebellar neurodegeneration
is a classical feature of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), an autosomal recessive condition caused by loss-of-function mutation of the ATM gene, a gene with multiple regulatory functions. The increased vulnerability of cerebellar neurones to degeneration compared to cerebral neuronal populations in individuals with ataxia telangiectasia implies a specific importance of intact ATM function in the cerebellum. We hypothesised that there would be elevated transcription of ATM in the cerebellar cortex relative to ATM expression in other grey matter regions during neurodevelopment in individuals without A-T. Using ATM transcription data from the BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain, we demonstrate a rapid increase in cerebellar ATM expression relative to expression in other brain regions during gestation and remaining elevated during early childhood, a period corresponding to the emergence of cerebellar neurodegeneration in ataxia telangiectasia patients. We then used gene ontology analysis to identify the biological processes represented in the genes correlated with cerebellar ATM expression. This analysis demonstrated that multiple processes are associated with expression of ATM in the cerebellum, including cellular respiration, mitochondrial function, histone methylation, and cell-cycle regulation, alongside its canonical role in DNA double-strand break repair. Thus, the enhanced expression of ATM in the cerebellum during early development may be related to the specific energetic demands of the cerebellum and its role as a regulator of these processes.
A monotonicity result for the first Steklov–Dirichlet Laplacian eigenvalue
Authors: Gavitone Nunzia , Piscitelli Gianpaolo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the first Steklov–Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplace operator in annular domains with a spherical hole. We prove a monotonicity result with respect to the hole, when the outer region is centrally symmetric.
Effects of hydrofoil shape and turbine solidity on the wake energy recovery in cross-flow turbines
Authors: Zanforlin Stefania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCross-flow turbines (CFTs) are arousing a growing interest to harvest both off-shore wind and tidal currents. A promising characteristic of CFTs could be a high power density in case of multi-device clusters or farms, achievable by shortening the distance between arrays as allowed by the fast energy recovery observed inside the wakes. However just few studies, only concerning symmetrical airfoils/hydrofoils, are found in the literature. By means of 3D Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations and a momentum budget simplified approach, this author investigated the effects of blade profile and turbine solidity on the blade tip vortex generation and then on the mixing mechanisms supporting the reintroduction of streamwise momentum into the wake. Results indicate that: (a) pairs of counter-rotating vortices occurs in the wake, which rotation direction depends on blade profile and it is such as to generate positive vertical advection for camber-out profiles, but negative vertical advection for camber-in profiles; (b) camber-out profiles are much more effective in supporting the wake energy recovery due to the massive vertical advection induced by tip vortices; (c) for camber-in profiles the tip vortices poorly contribute to the wake recovery, that appears delayed and promoted by turbulent transport; (d) higher solidity implies stronger tip vortices and higher turbulent transport, therefore, a faster wake recovery.
Mixed Cations Enabled Combined Bulk and Interfacial Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Wang Shirong , Heo Jin Hyuck , Liu Hongli , Chen Xihan , Li Xianggao , Zhang Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere, we report a mixed GAI and MAI (MGM) treatment method by forming a 2D alternating-cation-interlayer (ACI) phase (n = 2) perovskite layer on the 3D perovskite, modulating the bulk and interfacial defects in the perovskite films simultaneously, leading to the suppressed nonradiative recombination, longer lifetime, higher mobility, and reduced trap density. Consequently, the devices’ performance is enhanced to 24.5% and 18.7% for 0.12 and 64 cm2, respectively. In addition, the MGM treatment can be applied to a wide range of perovskite compositions, including MA-, FA-, MAFA-, and CsFAMA-based lead halide perovskites, making it a general method for preparing efficient perovskite solar cells. Without encapsulation, the treated devices show improved stabilities.
A General Strategy for Ordered Carrier Transport of Quasi-2D and 3D Perovskite Films for Giant Self-Powered Photoresponse and Ultrahigh Stability
Authors: Zhu Fei , Lian Gang , Cui Deliang , Wang Qilong , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Meng Qingbo , Wong Ching-Ping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been focusing more attention in the field of self-powered photodetectors due to their superb photoelectric properties. However, a universal growth approach is required and challenging to realize vertically oriented growth and grain boundary fusion of 2D and 3D perovskite grains to promote ordered carrier transport, which determines superior photoresponse and high stability. Herein, a general thermal-pressed (TP) strategy is designed to solve the above issues, achieving uniaxial orientation and single-grain penetration along the film thickness direction. It constructs the efficient channel for ordered carrier transport between two electrodes. Combining of the improved crystal quality and lower trap-state density, the quasi-2D and 3D perovskite-based self-powered photodetector devices (with/without hole transport layer) all exhibit giant and stable photoresponse in a wide spectrum range and specific wavelength laser. For the MAPbI3-based self-powered photodetectors, the largest Rλ value is as high as 0.57 A W−1 at 760 nm, which is larger than most reported results. Meanwhile, under laser illumination (532 nm), the FPEA2MA4Pb5I16-based device exhibits a high responsivity (0.4 A W−1) value, which is one of the best results in 2DRP self-powered photodetectors. In addition, fast response, ultralow detection limit, and markedly improved humidity, optical and heat stabilities are clearly demonstrated for these TP-based devices.
Efficient Semi-Transparent Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Pure-Chloride 2D-Perovskite Passivation
Authors: Yang Liu , Jin Yongbin , Fang Zheng , Zhang Jinyan , Nan Ziang , Zheng Lingfang , Zhuang Huihu , Zeng Qinghua , Liu Kaikai , Deng Bingru , Feng Huiping , Luo Yujie , Tian Chengbo , Cui Changcai , Xie Liqiang , Xu Xipeng , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells suffer from severe non-radiative recombination and exhibit relatively large open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficits, limiting their photovoltaic performance. Here, we address these issues by in-situ forming a well-defined 2D perovskite (PMA)2PbCl4 (phenmethylammonium is referred to as PMA) passivation layer on top of the WBG active layer. The 2D layer with highly pure dimensionality and halide components is realized by intentionally tailoring the side-chain substituent at the aryl ring of the post-treatment reagent. First-principle calculation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction results reveal that weak intermolecular interactions between bulky PMA cations and relatively low cation-halide hydrogen bonding strength are crucial in forming the well-defined 2D phase. The (PMA)2PbCl4 forms improved type-I energy level alignment with the WBG perovskite, reducing the electron recombination at the perovskite/hole-transport-layer interface. Applying this strategy in fabricating semi-transparent WBG perovskite solar cells (indium tin oxide as the back electrode), the VOC deficits can be reduced to 0.49 V, comparable with the reported state-of-the-art WBG perovskite solar cells using metal electrodes. Consequently, we obtain hysteresis-free 18.60%-efficient WBG perovskite solar cells with a high VOC of 1.23 V.
Graphical Abstract
COVID-19 and alternative assessments in higher education: implications for academic integrity among nursing and social science students
Authors: Adama Esther Abena , Graf Amanda , Adusei-Asante Kwadwo , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 and its associated restrictions called for innovations in higher education teaching and learning space with many universities resorting to online teaching and alternative assessments. However, little has been done to understand the academic integrity implications in alternative online and non-invigilated assessments.AimThis study explored the perceptions of higher education students regarding academic integrity in alternative assessments.MethodsCross-sectional mixed method design following the parallel convergent approach was utilised in this study. A convenience sample of 380 undergraduate and postgraduate nursing and social science students completed an online survey on academic integrity behaviours associated with alternative assessments.ResultsHigh risk (31.7%) of academic misconduct was perceived among young people (18-24 years old). Collusion was common among nursing students (24.5%) and cheating likely to occur in assessments with longer duration—between 2 and 4 hours (18.8%) and between 1 and 2 weeks (46%). Qualitative data resulted in 274 findings and three themes— (i) impossible to cheat; (ii) easy to cheat and (iii) understanding the consequence of cheating. Suggestions for preserving academic integrity in alternative assessments were also made from the qualitative data.ConclusionLike other forms of traditional assessments, alternative assessments have increased risk of breach of academic integrity; however, with the right strategies, they could serve as effective means of assessing learning outcomes.
A brief insight into the rare diseases in Egypt
Authors: Taha Tarek , Ahmed Dina , El-Gammal Zaynab , Oura Gehad Atef , Elshenawy Shimaa E. , Gaber Yasmine , Elnagdy Tarek , Amer Khaled 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRare diseases (RDs) are a group of lifetime incapacitating or fatal diseases affecting nearly 3.5–5.9% of the global population, reaching 263–446 million individuals. RDs possess a genotypic-phenotypic pleiotropic nature so that the same disease can manifest with different outcomes. This renders definitive diagnosis challenging and thus hinders providing appropriate treatment, if available. Since 80% of rare diseases have a genetic origin, evolution in genetic diagnosis owing to the NGS has widely contributed to proper diagnosis and hence facilitating the future implementation of precision medicine. Currently, treatments covering less than 3% of rare diseases are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. Besides, RDs have a very high economic burden. This review sheds the light on Egyptian achievements and efforts in the field of rare diseases to prioritize the rare genomic diseases to be studied in Egypt. This will grab the attention towards conducting further studies that target Egyptians, to include the under-recognized populations potentially affected.
A Comparative Study of Discrete Direction vs. Continuous Distance-Based Cost Function in Energy Classification
Authors: Khashei Mehdi , Etemadi Sepideh , Bakhtiarvand Negar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, different classification approaches with different characteristics have been developed to achieve more efficient and accurate results. Although the loss function used in the training procedure is a significant influential factor in the performance of classification models, it has been less considered. In general, in previous research, two main categories of continuous and semi-continuous distance-based loss functions are often applied to estimate the unknown parameters of classification models. Among these, continuous distance-based cost functions are among the most commonly used and most popular loss functions in diverse statistical and intelligent classifiers. In particular, the fundamental of this category of the loss functions is based on the continuous reduction of the distance between the fitted and actual values with the aim of improving the performance of the model. However, since the goal function of classification models belongs to the class of discrete ones, the application of learning procedures based on a continuous distance-based function is not coordinated with the nature of these problems. Consequently, it is theoretically illogical and practically at least inefficient. Accordingly, in order to fill this research gap, the discrete direction-based loss function in the form of mixed-integer programming is proposed in the training procedure of statistical, shallow/deep intelligent classifiers. In this paper, the impact of the loss function type on the classification rate of the classifiers in the energy domain is investigated. For this purpose, the logistic regression (LR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and deep multilayer perceptron (DMLP), which are respectively among the most widely used statistical, shallow intelligent, and deep learning classifiers, are exemplarily chosen. Numerical outcomes from 13 benchmark energy datasets show that, in all benchmarks, the performances of the discrete direction learning-based classifiers, i.e., discrete learning-based logistic regression (DILR), discrete learning-based multilayer perceptron (DIMLP), and discrete learning-based deep multilayer perceptron (DIDMLP), is higher than its conventional versions. In addition, the proposed DILR, DIMLP, and DIDMLP models can on average yield an 89.88%, 94.53%, and 96.02% classification rate, which indicate a 6.78%, 5.90%, and 4.69% improvement from the classic versions, which only produce an 84.17%, 89.26%, and 91.72% classification rate. Consequently, the discrete direction-based learning methodology can be a more suitable, effective, and valuable alternative for training processes in statistical and shallow/deep intelligent classification models.
New Insight Into Antarctic Ice Sheet Properties Using an Improved Teleseismic P‐Wave Coda Autocorrelation Method
Authors: Zhou Jinju , Fu Lei , Xu Yongzhong , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the past decades, several gridded datasets of the Antarctic ice sheet have been proposed, which provide important information for detailed modeling of the Antarctic ice sheet. In addition to the radio‐echo sounding method, passive seismological methods have become increasingly popular in recent years to reveal ice sheet properties. But the impact of complex subglacial topography on these methods has not been discussed. In this study, the influence of subglacial topography on teleseismic P‐wave coda autocorrelation was first analyzed. As the dip angle of the ice‐rock interface increased, the time difference caused by the dipping interface became significant. We then demonstrated an approach to estimate the dip parameters of ice bed and ice properties. A test at a pilot station (BYRD) in west Antarctica indicated that the dip parameters estimated by the method are reliable. Finally, it was applied to 65 over‐ice stations in three experiments (TAMSEIS, GAMSEIS, and POLENET). Dip parameters of the ice‐rock interface were well estimated. The azimuths concurred with those extracted from Bedmap2 and BedMachine, while several dip angles were larger at quite a few stations. The valleys revealed in this study are deeper and the mountains are higher. Our in situ results prove the improvements of BedMachine, but the ice bed slope might have been underestimated in some regions. The single‐station passive seismic approach can contribute to new models of the Antarctic ice sheet. The dip parameters and ice sheet properties obtained in this study may assist in other studies, such as ice sheet modeling.
Addressing Complexity in Global Aerosol Climate Model Cloud Microphysics
Authors: Proske Ulrike , Ferrachat Sylvaine , Klampt Sina , Abeling Melina , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a quest to represent the Earth system, climate models have become more and more complex. This generates problems, for example, hindering model interpretability. This study contributes to a regain of model understanding and proposes simplifications to decrease scheme complexity. We reflect on the reasons for model complexity and the problems it generates or deepens, connecting perspectives from atmospheric science and the philosophy of climate science. Using an emulated perturbed parameter ensemble of the cloud microphysics (CMP) process efficiencies, we investigate the sensitivity of the model to process perturbations. The sensitivity analysis characterizes the scheme and model behavior, contrasting it to physical process understanding as well as an alternative CMP formulation (comparing the 2M (Lohmann et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3425-2007) to the P3 scheme (Morrison & Milbrandt, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0065.1; Dietlicher et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1557-2018)). For the 2M scheme, ice crystal autoconversion dominates the model sensitivity in the ice phase. The P3 scheme removes this artificial process and thus shows more balanced sensitivities. Model behavior sometimes aligns with process understanding, but many process sensitivities are masked by other more dominant processes or the model finally responds differently due to adjustments. We identify processes that the model is not sensitive to and test their simplification. For example, heterogeneous freezing or secondary ice production are drastically simplifiable. Depending on one's modeling vision one may interpret this study's findings as pointing to simplification potential in the CMP scheme or the need for process representation improvements where the model behavior does not tally with our physical understanding.
Seroprevalence of ANTI-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Martin-Arranz M. D. , García-Ramírez L. , Hernandez-Perez M. , Montero Vega D. , Martín-Arranz E. , Sánchez-Azofra M. , Poza Cordon J. , Rueda Garcia J. L. , Noci Belda J. , Verges Martínez-Meco T. , Blanco San Miguel P. , Suarez Ferrer C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with biologic and/or immunosuppressant drugs are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. Seroprevalence studies can confirm the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as the associated risk factors. This is a descriptive study which primary endpoints were to highlight the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of IBD patients in March 2021, and to analyze seroconversion in patients with known COVID-19 infection and its relationship with IBD treatments. Patients filled in a questionnaire about symptoms of COVID-19 infection and clinical information about their IBD. All included patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. 392 patients were included. Among patients with clinical infection, 69 patients (17,65%) were IgG-positive, 286 (73,15%) IgG-negative and 36 (9,21%) indeterminate. In relation to seroconversion among patients under biologic treatment, 13 patients of the 23 with a previous positive CRP developed antibodies (56.5%). However, when the influence of immunosuppressive treatment on the probability of developing antibodies was analyzed, no significant differences were seen between those patients with or without treatment (77.8% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.96). In our cohort of IBD patients, after one year of pandemic, there were 18.64% IgG positive patients, a higher prevalence than the general population (15.7%).
Identification and phenotypic characterization of patients with LADA in a population of southeast Mexico
Authors: Nolasco-Rosales Germán Alberto , Ramírez-González Dania , Rodríguez-Sánchez Ester , Ávila-Fernandez Ángela , Villar-Juarez Guillermo Efrén , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso , Guzmán-Priego Crystell Guadalupe , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Ble-Castillo Jorge Luis , Marín-Medina Alejandro , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLatent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) has clinical and metabolic features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. LADA does not have specific features for its diagnosis apart from autoantibody detection; however, these tests are not affordable in clinical settings. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed clinical criteria, metabolic control, pharmacological treatment, and diabetic complications in two groups of patients with diabetes -LADA and T2D- in order to identify specific characteristic of these clinical entities. Finally, we evaluated if the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and age at diagnosis of diabetes could be used as a diagnostic criterion for LADA. Demographic, biochemical, clinical and treatment were measured in 377 individuals with diabetes. The diagnostics of LADA were determined using Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies levels. Chi-square test or t-Student test were used to establish differences between groups. To identify factors associated with LADA, a logistic regression analysis was used. Finally, a ROC curve was plotted to assess the possible variables as diagnostic criteria for LADA. The 377 patients with diabetes were separated into 59 patients with LADA and 318 patients with T2D. Patients with LADA showed lower fasting glucose values, fewer diabetic complications, younger age at diagnosis of diabetes, higher insulin use, and higher eGDR in comparison to patients with T2D. Both groups had a mean BMI classified as overweight. The ROC evaluated the sensitivity and specificity, this analysis indicated that an age younger than 40.5 years and an eGDR value higher than 9.75 mg/kg/min correlated better with LADA. These parameters could be useful to identify patients suspected to have LADA at the first level of medical care in the population of southeastern Mexico and refer them to a second level of care.