bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antislavery Origins of Immigration Policy
Authors: Kenny Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the origins of federal immigration policy to the Civil War. The Coolie Trade Prohibition Act (1862) banned American ships from transporting unfree Chinese workers to foreign destinations. This law classified Chinese migrant workers in the American West as free and did not affect immigration to the United States. Yet Chinese immigrants faced intense hostility, including discriminatory taxes, exclusionary laws, and a ban on testifying against white witnesses (upheld by the California Supreme Court in People v. Hall in 1854). Under the Act to Encourage Immigration (1864), the federal government recognized short-term contracts for European contract workers. The American Emigrant Company, the main recruiting agency, provoked opposition to contract labor by importing strikebreakers after the Civil War. Restrictionists in the 1860s and 1870s, meanwhile, claimed that all Chinese laborers were coolies and should be excluded on antislavery grounds. White European workers who came to American voluntarily became the archetypal immigrants, while Chinese laborers were characterized as inherently unfree.
Immigration and National Sovereignty
Authors: Kenny Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how the federal government assumed control over immigration in the 1870s and 1880s. The Supreme Court ruled unanimously in 1875 that state laws taxing immigrants violated federal power over foreign commerce. The Immigration Act (1882), the first general immigration act at national level, levied a tax on every passenger entering the United States, following the model of local antebellum laws. Antislavery arguments for immigration restriction culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) suspending immigration by Chinese laborers for ten years; the Foran Act (1885) prohibiting employers from importing contract workers; and the Scott Act (1888) barring Chinese from reentering the United States even if they held return certificates under previous legislation. The anti-Chinese laws had precedents in antebellum measures controlling the mobility of free black people. In Chae Chan Ping v. United States (1889), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress and the executive branch had a plenary power over immigration, inherent in national sovereignty and largely immune from judicial interference.
Epilogue
Authors: Kenny Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
By the end of the nineteenth century, the federal government exercised extensive power over immigration. Yet, as the Supreme Court confirmed in Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1896), immigrants residing in the United States enjoyed equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment even if they were not naturalized citizens. Their American-born children, moreover, were citizens by birthright, a principle the court upheld in United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898). The federal government controls national borders today, but cities and states continue to regulate immigrants’ lives via their local police power. Measures like California’s Proposition 187 (1994) and Arizona’s SB 1070 (2010) monitored and punished immigrants and their children, yet other states exert their sovereignty to provide benefits and sanctuary and refuse to act as agents of federal law enforcement. Local attempts to protect immigrants, the epilogue concludes, represent a reassertion of state sovereignty as a potential counterweight to federal power.
Sex and Sexuality
Authors: Balkin Richard S. , Winburn Amanda , Schmit Erika L. , Mendoza Samantha M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the complexities involved in counseling LGBT teens and adolescents. The author identifies issues related to adolescent sexuality that affect today’s youth: sexual activity, sex trafficking; and teen pregnancy and parenthood. This chapter also includes an overview of the adolescent LGBTQIA+ community, including sexual identity, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Suggested therapeutic interventions and strategies are outlined for these multifaceted issues related to teen sex and sexuality. Although self-harm and suicide is not the focus of this particular chapter, there is an acknowledgment of suicidal ideation related to adolescent sexuality. Therapists will benefit from becoming well-versed in the complexities that surround adolescent sexuality and in recognizing the skillset and effective strategies required to successfully explore these topics in session.
Antisocial Behavior and Addiction
Authors: Balkin Richard S. , Winburn Amanda , Schmit Erika L. , Mendoza Samantha M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses aggression, antisocial behavior, and addiction in youth. These behaviors can include bullying, threatening, intimidation, physical fights, being cruel to people or animals, using weapons, or sexual assault. Antisocial behavior can cause serious and wide-ranging consequences within families, schools, and communities. Major types of aggressive and antisocial behaviors are addressed, along with their interplay with neurobiological processes, protective factors, and gender variables. In addition, the chapter covers both process addiction and substance abuse in this chapter. Though the grouping of addictions with antisocial behavior may be somewhat controversial, given both the genetic predisposition and behavioral components to addiction, the author believes that addressing both of these components is pertinent given that the biopsychosocial model is a component to understanding and treatment. Origin, assessment, interventions, and outcome studies are also reviewed.
Abuse and Trauma
Authors: Balkin Richard S. , Winburn Amanda , Schmit Erika L. , Mendoza Samantha M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Childhood abuse is a considerable public health issue in the United States. Two-thirds of individuals report a traumatic incident happening in childhood or adolescence, and 1 in 7 children experience abuse every year. Abuse in childhood frequently leads to trauma symptoms in both children and adults that can have a lasting impact. This chapter discusses childhood abuse and trauma at an individual level and a systemic level. The authors examine the different types of abuse including physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect. Additionally, the chapter reviews the signs and symptoms of abuse, legislation regarding the identification of abuse by professionals, and how to report child abuse. Last, the chapter also highlights the importance trauma-informed care when working with children and adolescents.
Dialogue
Authors: de Alcantara Pedro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Dialogue” is built on a four-note chord shared between the left and right hands. The chord is musically ambiguous, giving the impression of being both major and minor, both consonant and dissonant, both happy-making and sad-making. Its voicing and fingering make the chord easy to play, allowing the pianist’s hands to adopt a healthy physical structure that feels stable and reassuring. After presenting the chord and discussing its merits, the chapter proposes a series of variations and tweaks so that the pianist can develop a sense of ownership over the chord and over the keyboard. There follows a sequence of more complex exercises, variations, and compositions, showing the pianist how to develop extremely simple materials into more substantial musical structures.
Heartbreak
Authors: de Alcantara Pedro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Heartbreak” is based on a simple but musically ambiguous gesture of four notes equally distributed between the left and right hands. The gesture can be played as chords or arpeggios, transposed by seconds up and down the keyboard or transposed by larger intervals. Sequences of arpeggiated chords are easy to play and lend themselves to the interpretive explweboration of crescendo, diminuendo, accelerando, and ritardando. The chapter covers the contrast between horizontal and vertical musical textures, the recognition of musical intervals as having a personality or emotion of their own, and the application of note groupings to the work of interpretation and technique. The process of variation, improvisation, and composition is developed through multiple sequences of increasing complexity. Compositions include chorales, waltzes, jazzy pieces, and a chromatic version in which the pattern of “Heartbreak” is stretched almost beyond recognition.
Seesaw
Authors: de Alcantara Pedro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Seesaw” studies the up and down motions of fingers and keys. To strike a note at the piano is to cause certain forces to go down in space—the finger, the hand, the arm, the piano key. Downward forces are easier to enact and control if an upward counterpart is already built into the downward gesture. The pianistic action may be likened to skipping rope or bouncing on a trampoline—or, indeed, to the up-and-down movements of a seesaw. This chapter covers the use of driving rhythms to facilitate the integration of up-and-down motion, the importance of overall coordination and mindset in mastering the bounce of the up-and-down motion, and the difference between responding to a physical command and to an interpretive, creative command. The entire chapter is based on a single archetypal rhythmic formula, spun into compositions of varied styles.
The Circle
Authors: de Alcantara Pedro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“The Circle” clarifies the importance of the circle of fifths through anecdotes, images, examples, exercises, and compositions. Subjects include the figure of the circle itself, and its subdivision into twelve equal segments; the outer circle of major keys and the inner circle of minor keys; the enharmonic passage from the world of flats to the world of sharps, and vice versa; the difference between sequences of chords using the circle of fifths and the diatonic circle; the acoustic reasons for the primacy of the counterclockwise journey along the circle; and the symbolic, spiritual connotations of the number 12. The chapter includes practical tools to help the reader become comfortable with accidents such as double sharps and double flats.
Sonic Play
Authors: de Alcantara Pedro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
“Sonic Play” presents “Intertwining” and “Albers,” two musical archetypes that are rhythmically similar but melodically different. Both archetypes are reminiscent of a moto perpetuo, steady yet always driving forward. Their construction allows the two hands to combine stability and mobility. The archetypes are easy to play and easy to transpose, as their fingerings and intervals are the same in every key; they’re also easy to vary and embellish. Varied and transposed, the archetypes can then be used as sonic Lego-like bricks with which the pianist can build improvisational and compositional sequences. Besides presenting improvisational games with easy-to-follow rules, the chapter includes multiple compositions employing the original archetypes. Some of the compositions are quite short and suited to a beginner’s exploration, and others are longer and more ambitious. The chapter covers transpositions by a minor third up or a major third down from an original key, enharmonic transpositions, and sympathetic resonances built into the archetypes.
Northern Wei (386-534)
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Northern Wei is a study of an Inner Asian people called the *Taghbach (Ch. Tuoba), who half a century after collapse of the Han state (206 bce–220 ce) began the process of building a new kind of empire in East Asia. Though addressing larger historiographical issues, the book’s main purpose is, within the limits of our sources, to see this people in and of themselves, in a detailed narrative that follows them from the emergence of the khaghan Liwei in the mid-third century, in the highland frontier between Inner Asia and the Chinese world, and ends almost 300 years later, with the drowning of the dynasty’s last matriarch in the Yellow River. Across the centuries, they repeatedly changed their name, nature, and location. What remained relatively consistent, however, was their reliance on cavalry armies, filled with loyal men of Inner Asian origin. When that ended, the dynasty ended as well. Underlying the narrative are two main issues. One is that the Northern Wei was the first major example of a kind of empire seen often in East Asian histories, the “conquest dynasties,” regimes of Inner Asian origin that would over the centuries repeatedly seize control of territories inhabited for the most part by Chinese to create cultural and ethnically complex state systems. The second is historiographical: that this dynasty was renamed and reimagined to fit into the textual tradition of its Chinese subjects. Being our only primary written sources for the dynasty, these texts are here used with care.
The Emperor Taiwu and the Creation of History
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines history and its manipulation for the sake of the *Taghbach (Ch. Tuoba) throne. In the transitional time after completion of Northern Wei conquest of the Yellow River plains, multiple efforts were made to win the acquiescence of Chinese populations inhabiting those territories. The main focus of this chapter, however, is an effort by Emperor Taiwu (423–452), the “Wolf Lord,” to maintain the loyalty of his dynasty’s original following, the men of Inner Asian origin who filled the ranks of his army. He did this by accepting a claim of discovery of a “stone shrine” supposedly used by Taiwu’s distant ancestors far to the north, a cave in the wilds of the upper Khingan Mountains called by moderns the “Gaxian dong.” Though they may have come from this general area, there is no real proof that Taiwu’s ancestors had ever used this particular cave. Nevertheless, Taiwu sent a mission there to make sacrifices to his forefathers and foremothers, in an effort to reinforce the solidarity of his soldiery, with distant (and apparently fabricated) memories of shared origins far to the north.
History Writing and Its Discontents
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines the relationship between the lords of Northern Wei, Inner Asian interlopers in the Chinese world, and the long-established Chinese historiographical tradition, with its own deeply entrenched moral system and worldview. For those who accepted the tradition, its overseers—the “text masters” or Ru—exercised significant authority, as spokesmen for a vision of what the world should be. More practically, it was they who controlled what was at this time the only form of written recordkeeping available in East Asia. Bringing with them no written system of their own, the *Taghbach (Ch. Tuoba) lords depended on Chinese scribes to run the empire. But the scribes—the text masters—brought with them much more than simple accounting. And those who recorded events based on their own worldview could be in real danger: this chapter discusses the fate of Cui Hao, an official and historian of Emperor Taiwu, who in 450 was put to death for writing in his history—perhaps quite unintentionally—of the dynasty’s “unseemly affairs.”
Establishing a State
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As is the case with many emerging polities, the first century of *Taghbach (Ch. Tuoba) rule saw peaks and valleys. Greater permanency is seen in Chapter 6, during the reign of a great-great-grandson of Liwei named Shiyijian (r. 338–376), with clear establishment of institutions of law and taxation generally associated with most definitions of “state.” A new body of attendant aides was created for the khaghan, the beginnings of the “Inner Court” that would play an important role through much of Wei history. Shiyijian also promulgated a fuller body of law then previously seen among the *Taghbach, including the penalties for rustling that were needed by a society that measured its wealth primarily in herds. In addition, Shiyijian created a standing army with direct loyalty to the khaghan that would go on to become the core of the Northern Wei military. Meeting resistance from his generals to invasion of the now much-contested Chinese territories to the south, he used the army instead for expeditions onto the open steppe—which lay beyond *Taghbach control—to attempt to suppress the rise of rivals there and, more practically, to expand his own herds by stealing those of others. The army was not, however, able to withstand the attack of an enemy from the south, which in the year 376 led to the end of Shiyijian’s reign, and his life.
The World Shegui Created
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 8 we surveyed the “rich but ravaged” lands conquered in 396 by the *Taghbach (Ch. Tuoba) lord Shegui. In Chapter 9 we examine how he constructed a base from which to rule those lands, located in the highlands to the north, with a new capital called the “city of pacification,” Pingcheng. Tens of thousands of farmers and scribes were marched north to serve there. Of greater importance, it was here that he settled his original Inner Asian following, formerly herdsmen but now a professional soldiery in service of the *Taghbach monarch. These were the “people of Dai,” a distinct and favored group within the empire, who lived in close propinquity in the “Land of Dai,” the Datong Basin in the far north of what is now Shanxi province. Though assembled from many different Inner Asian peoples, and originally speaking many different Inner Asian tongues, they came to share a common form of the *Serbi (Ch. Xianbei) language, as well as loyalty to their khaghan. The “people of Dai” also, however, had a clear sense of self and a loyalty to the Dai community itself: when Shegui decided to change his state’s name from “Dai” to the more prestigious “Wei” he met stiff resistance, which would persist for decades. Some continued to use the original name.
Troubling Innovation
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 10 gives an overview of the last years of Shegui. If our sources are to be believed, the use of psychoactive substances was driving the man mad. In his last years he ordered the deaths of many kinsmen and officials, at times by his own hand; their bodies were placed on display in front of his throne hall. Perhaps most unsettling—a “troubling innovation”—was his decision that upon designating an heir apparent, the mother of the heir must be forced to commit suicide. After himself killing so many—on the field of battle, in his court, in the women’s quarters in the palace—he finally met his own end at the hand of a son who sought to protect his mother from that fate. If there was a method in Shegui’s madness—a desire to thwart the power of affinal clans—the son was having none of it.
The Wei Army
Authors: Pearce Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pingcheng was an army town, and Chapter 11 discusses in detail the nature of that army. Though changing over time, it was originally composed of men of Inner Asian origin (alongside, perhaps, an occasional Mulan), who carrying on their ancestors’ skills at shooting an arrow from the back of a horse, had taken up new technologies such as the stirrup, or armor for both man and horse. Their technologies were organizational as well as material: the groups from which the soldiery was drawn seem to have been rearranged to accord with institutionalization of army units based on 10s. As with other highly militarized societies—that of the Warring States’ Qin, for instance, or Prussia—social mobility came with military service, which included a broad variety of activities, such as protecting the pennon of one’s unit on the field of battle, or organizing the troops for the huge imperial hunts. In more immediate terms, those who fought well on the field of battle would receive a share of the loot.
Imagining an Alternate Psychology
Authors: Schiff Brian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The author argues that disciplinary psychology has approached the problem of mental illness at a level of analysis that is ill suited to accessing the underlying psychological reality of the person. Rather than studying the person experiencing illness, psychologists have opted to research group-level statistical relationships between variables and then, fallaciously, to equate the relationship between these group-level associations with personal experience. The author gives a critical analysis of variable-centered research on persecutory delusions in schizophrenia and details the logical fallacies of such research for understanding persons. Next, the author examines a first-person account of schizophrenic delusions, the published account of David Zelt in the journal Schizophrenia Bulletin, as a way of illustrating the power of closely listening to the narratives of persons for understanding the meanings behind the onset, development, and course of their mental illness.
Narrative Practices in Mental Health
Authors: Hutto Daniel D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Narrative practices can support mental health. This chapter offers a way of defending at least some narrative-based therapies from three crippling challenges. It gives close attention to McConnell and Snoek’s (2018) account of how narrative interventions might positively influence the prospects of recovery from addiction. It then details three skeptical challenges that threaten to cast doubt on the acceptability of the aims and methods of narrative therapy, as well as, potentially, casting doubt on the acceptability of other, similar narrative-based approaches to mental health. Finally, the author argues that it is possible to address these trio of challenges by recasting certain assumptions about the core aims and methods of narrative therapy. It is proposed that by focusing on the “fictive” rather than the “factual” character of its narrative practices, it is possible to rethink how narrative therapy might work in practice in such a way that would protect it from the said skeptical challenges.
The Art of Teaching the Art of Listening
Authors: Punzi Elisabeth , Erikson Malgorzata 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how teachers in clinical psychology and social work departments teach students how to encounter clients and listen to their narratives. These skills are needed since the students will encounter complex, unpredictable, and unique situations and clients. To learn these skills, students need a safe environment in which they are permitted to practice, reflect, and make mistakes. Few studies have focused on how university teachers help students to develop their ability to listen to clients’ narratives. Teachers’ experiences are relevant for understanding the prerequisites, challenges, and possibilities to support students to recognize clients’ narratives. The study described in this chapter focused on the experiences and practices of university teachers in clinical psychology and social work who are teaching students how to listen to clients’ narratives.
Writing as Narrative Resource in Therapeutic Settings
Authors: Mildorf Jarmila , Ketteler Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the benefits of diary writing and notetaking in psychotherapeutic contexts. As a malleable discursive form that can accommodate both narrative and nonnarrative, verbal and nonverbal (e.g., pictorial) material, diaries have long served as a means to document one’s everyday experiences but also to work through times of distress. Diaries are also used in research to capture people’s engagement with specific issues concerning them. This chapter offers an overview of uses of the diary in various contexts before it discusses a concrete example from the psychotherapeutic practice of one of the authors. The chapter explores the potential literariness of diary entries, as can be seen in Roland Barthes’s Mourning Diary and other examples, and it traces the healing potential of such literary or creative activities in the case study. Diary writing is thus shown to constitute a viable method that offers alternative forms of self-expression and another departure point for therapists’ interactions with clients.