bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe range of femoral neck system insertion and the risk of perforation
Authors: Han Mingxuan , Li Cong , Han Ning , Sun Guixin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Internal fixation of the femoral neck carries a risk of perforation due to the presence of the isthmus of the femoral neck. At present, there are few studies on the safe and risk zones of the femoral neck system (FNS) implantation. This study aimed to recommend the safe range of injection of FNS in the lateral wall of the proximal femur, parallel to the axis of the femoral neck, during FNS treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNF).

Methods
Femoral computed tomography (CT) data of 80 patients (male: 40; female: 40) who met the inclusion criteria were collected. Mimics 21.0 software was used to complete the modeling. 3-Matic 13.0 software was used to establish the axis of the femoral neck and its vertical plane, perform the cutting of the femoral neck, and project it on the vertical plane of the femoral neck axis. After matching a rectangle for each projection map, all sample sizes (80 cases) were standardized and superimposed to obtain gradient maps of the safe zone (SZ) and dangerous zone (RZ), thereby securing edge key points and safe FNS insertion range.

Results
In the 80 samples, the mean diameter of the smallest femoral neck section was 33.87 ± 2.32 mm for men and 29.36 ± 1.92 mm for women. All 80 femoral necks had safe and risky areas. The SZ/S × 100% was 77.59 (± 2.22%), and the RS/S × 100% was 22.39% (± 2.22%). The risk area was composed of four parts: (1), (2), (3), and (4), respectively, corresponding to 3.45 ± 1.74%, 5.51 ± 2.63%, 6.22 ± 1.41%, and 7.22 ± 1.39%. Four marginal key points, perforation risk, and safe ranges (SR) of FNS were analyzed on the lateral wall of the femoral neck.

Conclusions
The SR of FNS placement was recommended by digital simulation. In addition, Regions (3) and (4) posed a higher risk of penetrating the cortex. Using the gradient map of RZ for preoperative evaluation is recommended to avoid iatrogenic perforation.
Feasibility of HEMS performed prehospital extracorporeal-cardiopulmonary resuscitation in paediatric cardiac arrests; two case reports
Authors: Mommers Lars , Slagt Cornelis , RN Freek Coumou , van der Crabben Ruben , Moors Xavier , Dos Reis Miranda Dinis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
A broad range of pathophysiologic conditions can lead to cardiopulmonary arrest in children. Some of these children suffer from refractory cardiac arrest, not responding to basic and advanced life support. Extracorporeal-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (E-CPR) might be a life-saving option for this group. Currently this therapy is only performed in-hospital, often necessitating long transport times, thereby negatively impacting eligibility and chances of survival. We present the first two cases of prehospital E-CPR in children performed by regular Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS).

Case presentations
The first patient was a previously healthy 7 year old boy who was feeling unwell for a couple of days due to influenza. His course deteriorated into a witnessed collapse. Direct bystander CPR and subsequent ambulance advanced life support was unsuccessful in establishing a perfusing rhythm. While doing chest compressions, the patient was seen moving both his arms and making spontaneous breathing efforts. Echocardiography however revealed a severe left ventricular impairment (near standstill). The second patient was a 15 year old girl, known with bronchial asthma and poor medication compliance. She suffered yet another asthmatic attack, so severe that she progressed into cardiac arrest in front of the attending ambulance and HEMS crews. Despite maximum bronchodilator therapy, intubation and the exclusion of tension pneumothoraxes and dynamic hyperinflation, no cardiac output was achieved.

Intervention
After consultation with the nearest paediatric E-CPR facilities, both patients were on-scene cannulated by regular HEMS. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated (15-17Fr and 21Fr respectively) under direct ultrasound guidance using an out-of-plane Seldinger approach. Extracorporeal Life Support flow of 2.1 and 3.8 l/min was established in 20 and 16 min respectively (including preparation and cannulation). Both patients were transported uneventfully to the nearest paediatric intensive care with spontaneous breathing efforts and reactive pupils during transport.

Conclusion
This case-series shows that a properly trained regular HEMS crew of only two health care professionals (doctor and flight nurse) can establish E-CPR on-scene in (older) children. Ambulance transport with ongoing CPR is challenging, even more so in children since transportation times tend to be longer compared to adults and automatic chest compression devices are often unsuitable and/or unapproved for children. Prehospital cannulation of susceptible E-CPR candidates has the potential to reduce low-flow time and offer E-CPR therapy to a wider group of children suffering refractory cardiac arrest.
Initial boundary value problem for a viscoelastic wave equation with Balakrishnan–Taylor damping and a delay term: decay estimates and blow-up result
Authors: Gheraibia Billel , Boumaza Nouri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the initial boundary value problem for the following viscoelastic wave equation with Balakrishnan–Taylor damping and a delay term where the relaxation function satisfies$g'(t)\leq -\xi (t)g^{r}(t)$g′(t)≤−ξ(t)gr(t),$t\geq 0$t≥0,$1\leq r< \frac{3}{2}$1≤r<32. The main goal of this work is to study the global existence, general decay, and blow-up result. The global existence has been obtained by potential-well theory, the decay of solutions of energy has been established by introducing suitable energy and Lyapunov functionals, and a blow-up result has been obtained with negative initial energy.
The clinical application of ctDNA to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally-advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Pezeshki Parmida Sadat , Ghalehtaki Reza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A third of colorectal cancers reside in the rectum. Many patients with rectal cancer present in the locally-advanced stage which needs multi-modality therapy usually starting with neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Total neoadjuvant therapy, defined as the preoperative administration of both neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy is also an evolving treatment that can be delivered if indications for preoperative chemotherapy exist. Identifying biomarkers to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy, can improve patient selection for a non-surgical, active surveillance approach. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be detected in about 75% of patients with locally-advanced rectal cancer (LARC) at the baseline and in about 15–20% of patients in the post-neoadjuvant, or postoperative setting. ctDNA clearance rate after delivering neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or integrating baseline ctDNA with other conventional markers of clinical response can be a promising marker to select and monitor patients on the “watch and wait” approach. In this article, we aimed to integrate the recent findings and provide a unique insight into the utilization of preoperative ctDNA to predict clinical response in patients with LARC. We also sought to highlight the potential areas for future research in this field. Further studies with a larger number of participants from diverse populations and settings are needed to increase external validity of such investigations and determine the role of ctDNA in guiding clinical decisions and management of patients with LARC.
Pretreatment 18F‐FDG uptake heterogeneity may predict treatment outcome of combined Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab therapy in patients with metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Ma Guang , You Shuhui , Xie Yizhao , Gu Bingxin , Liu Cheng , Hu Xichun , Song Shaoli , wang Biyun , Yang Zhongyi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake has been proven to be a surrogate marker for predicting treatment outcome in various tumors. However, the value of intra-tumoral heterogeneity in metastatic Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) positive breast cancer (MHBC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate 18F‐FDG uptake heterogeneity to predict the treatment outcome of the dual target therapy with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab(TP) in MHBC.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with MHBC who underwent 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan before TP were enrolled retrospectively. The region of interesting (ROI) of the lesions were drawn, and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and heterogeneity index (HI) were recorded. Correlation between PET/CT parameters and the treatment outcome was analyzed by Spearman Rank Test. The ability to predict prognosis were determined by time‐dependent survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. And the survival analyses were then estimated by Kaplan‐Meier method and compared by log‐rank test.

Results
The survival analysis showed that HI50% calculated by delineating the lesion with 50%SUVmax as threshold was a significant predictor of patients with MHBC treated by the treatment with TP. Patients with HI50% (≥ 1.571) had a significantly worse prognosis of progression free survival (PFS) (6.87 vs. Not Reach, p = 0.001). The area under curve (AUC), the sensitivity and the specificity were 0.88, 100% and 63.6% for PFS, respectively.

Conclusion
18F-FDG uptake heterogeneity may be useful for predicting the prognosis of MHBC patients treated by TP.
Embracing team heterogeneity: a case study of the collaborative teaching practice in an international kindergarten in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Jessie Ming Sin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternational kindergartens, which offer an immersive dual-language (English and Chinese) environment, are popular among middle-class families in Hong Kong. The international learning and teaching environment is cultivated primarily by developing a diverse workforce, in which Chinese-speaking (Putonghua and/or Cantonese) teachers with local training or from mainland China generally work with their English-speaking counterparts from overseas in the same classroom. Such heterogeneity has complicated the already challenging concept of collaborative teaching. This article presents a case study of the collaborative teaching practice in a trilingual international kindergarten which had been established for over 50 years. Through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, text messaging, document analysis, site visits, and observations, the study examined the collaborative teaching practices among international colleagues in the kindergarten. The findings revealed that collaboration among international colleagues was made successful by (1) senior management and teachers sharing a common goal; (2) a dynamic whole-school supportive structure that embraced heterogeneity; and (3) the development of a shared culture of professional learning. The implications of these findings for management, practice, and research are discussed, including the need to foster a culture of collaboration, the importance of professional development, and the need for further research on collaborative teaching practices in diverse educational settings.
Lifestyle determinants as predictor of severity of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)
Authors: Attia Abeer , Labib Nargis Albert , Abdelzaher Noha Essameldin Elsayed , Musa Sherief , Atef Mira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a public health issue that can result in liver cirrhosis and its complications.Aim of workAssess the dietary pattern, physical activity, and sleep quality of MAFLD patients.MethodsCross-sectional study of 77 MAFLD patients being present in the outpatient clinic of Endemic Medicine Department at Cairo University Hospital. An interview questionnaire including sociodemographic, medical history, validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were utilized to collect data.ResultsAmong patients, 36%, 34%, and 30% had liver steatosis grades I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe) respectively. Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), daily caloric and carbohydrate intake, impaired sleep quality, and low physical activity were significantly linked with steatosis grades. The independent significant predictors for MAFLD severity were waist circumference (P = 0.011, OR 1.119), poor sleep quality (P = 0.038, OR 3.871), habitual sleep efficiency (OR 3.402, 95%CI 1.403–8.252), daytime dysfunction (OR 2.487, 95%CI 1.374–4.501), and physical activity (P = 0.027, OR 4.6).ConclusionWaist circumference, poor sleep quality, habitual sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and low physical activity were the real marked predictors for MAFLD severity.
Frequency selective fingerprint sensor: the Terahertz unity platform for broadband chiral enantiomers multiplexed signals and narrowband molecular AIT enhancement
Authors: Lyu Jiaming , Shen Shengyuan , Chen Lin , Zhu Yiming , Zhuang Songlin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChiral enantiomers have different pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics. It is important to strictly detect chiral component for avoiding being harmful to the human body due to side effects. Terahertz (THz) trace fingerprint detection is essential because the molecular vibrations of various biological substances such as chiral enantiomers are located in THz range. Recent reported enhanced trace fingerprint technologies have some drawbacks. For instance, multiplexing technology suffered from narrow operation range and limitation by frequency resolution of commercial THz time domain spectroscopy; Absorption induced transparency (AIT) identification for narrowband molecular oscillations suffered from random resonance frequency drift due to fabrication error. In this paper, we proposed frequency-selective fingerprint sensor (FSFS), which can experimentally achieve enhanced trace fingerprint detection by both broadband multiplexing technology and robust AIT identification. Such FSFS is based on polarization independent reconfiguration metasurfaces array. Broadband absorption lines of trace-amount chiral carnitine were boosted with absorption enhancement factors of about 7.3 times based on frequency-selective multiplexing at 0.95–2.0 THz. Enhanced trace narrowband α-lactose fingerprint sensing can be observed at several array structures with absorption enhancement factors of about 7 times based on AIT, exhibiting good robustness. The flexibility and versatility of proposed FSFS has potential applications for boosting trace chiral enantiomer detection as well as diversity of molecular fingerprints identification by both multiplexing and AIT.
Early application of continuous positive airway pressure in COVID-19 patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Emad Zeinab , Ibrahim Mohammed A. , Abdelgawad TahaTaha , Saleh Abdelbaset M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Context
Respiratory support is an essential part in treating COVID-19 patients at risk for developing respiratory failure, and this become certain if associated with other comorbidities specifically obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Aim
To evaluate the role of early use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in management of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients at risk of OSA.

Settings and design
This was experimental clinical trial.

Patients and methods
Eighty (80) patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 at risk of OSA were enrolled. They were simply randomized into two equal groups: non-CPAP group and CPAP group. Non-CPAP group will receive medical treatment plus oxygen therapy according to recommendation of protocol of the Egyptian Ministry of Health 2020 and CPAP group as in non-CPAP group plus using CPAP.

Results
Our findings showed that there were higher percentages in hospital deaths and longer duration of hospital stay as well as increased need for invasive mechanical ventilation in non-CPAP group compared to CPAP group patients: (P-value = 0.03), (P-value = 0.04), and (P-value = 0.01), respectively. Also, there was a significant difference on PH, CO2, HCO3, and D-dimer values on both groups on admission and during follow-up with notable decrease in their values in CPAP group compared to non-CPAP group: (P-value = 0.04), (P-value = 0.003), (P-value = 0.001), and (P-value = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion
Early CPAP therapy for moderate and severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients with risk of OSA could improve patient’s survival, shorten hospital stay, and decrease need for invasive mechanical ventilation.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov/NCT05934916. Registered 6 July 2023 — retrospectively registered.
How committed individuals shape social dynamics: A survey on coordination games and social dilemma games
Authors: Shen Chen , Guo Hao , Hu Shuyue , Shi Lei , Wang Zhen , Tanimoto Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Committed individuals, who feature steadfast dedication to advocating strong beliefs, values, and preferences, have garnered much attention across statistical physics, social science, and computer science. This survey delves into the profound impact of committed individuals on social dynamics that emerge from coordination games and social dilemma games. Through separate examinations of their influence on coordination, including social conventions and color coordination games, and social dilemma games, including one-shot settings, repeated settings, and vaccination games, this survey reveals the significant role committed individuals play in shaping social dynamics. Their contributions range from accelerating or overturning social conventions to addressing cooperation dilemmas and expediting solutions for color coordination and vaccination issues. Furthermore, the survey outlines three promising directions for future research: conducting human behavior experiments for empirical validation, leveraging advanced large language models as proxies for committed individuals in complex scenarios, and addressing the potential negative impacts of committed individuals.
Moderate heat stress-induced sterility is due to motility defects and reduced mating drive in Caenorhabditis elegans males
Authors: Sepulveda Nicholas B. , Chen Donald , Petrella Lisa N. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Moderate heat stress negatively impacts fertility in sexually reproducing organisms at sublethal temperatures. These moderate heat stress effects are typically more pronounced in males. In some species, sperm production, quality and motility are the primary cause of male infertility during moderate heat stress. However, this is not the case in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where changes in mating behavior are the primary cause of fertility loss. We report that heat-stressed C. elegans males are more motivated to locate and remain on food and less motivated to leave food to find and mate with hermaphrodites than their unstressed counterparts. Heat-stressed males also demonstrate a reduction in motility that likely limits their ability to mate. Collectively these changes result in a dramatic reduction in reproductive success. The reduction in mate-searching behavior may be partially due to increased expression of the chemoreceptor odr-10 in the AWA sensory neurons, which is a marker for starvation in males. These results demonstrate that moderate heat stress may have profound and previously underappreciated effects on reproductive behaviors. As climate change continues to raise global temperatures, it will be imperative to understand how moderate heat stress affects behavioral and motility elements critical to reproduction.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Physical Activity Behavior, Health and Wellbeing Questionnaire in Adolescents
Authors: Rocliffe Padraic , Sherwin Ian , Mannix-McNamara Patricia , MacDonncha Ciaran , T. O' Keeffe Brendan 
Published: September 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the physical activity behavior, health and wellbeing questionnaire, in adolescent populations, administered by teachers in school settings, in the Republic of Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed sample of 55 participants (45.5% males: Age, 13.94 (±.40) were included. The participants completed the questionnaire on two occasions (T1 and T2), on the same day and time, one week apart following identical procedures. Variables for testing included physical activity behavior (n=13), health (n=11) and wellbeing (n=2). Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire’s covariates, including family affluence and physical impairments were also examined. Results: Systematic error (Bland-Altman plots) was found to be near to zero for each of the physical activity behavior, health and wellbeing variables. The combined mean coefficient of variation was lower for females (10.19%) in comparison to males (13.01%). Similarly, the combined mean intraclass correlation coefficients were higher for females (>.901) than males (>.822). Conclusions: This study found the physical activity behavior, health and wellbeing questionnaire to be reliable for use in adolescent populations.
Human judgement forecasting of COVID-19 in the UK
Authors: Bosse Nikos I. , Abbott Sam , Bracher Johannes , van Leeuwen Edwin , Cori Anne , Funk Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

Background:In the past, two studies found ensembles of human judgement forecasts of COVID-19 to show predictive performance comparable to ensembles of computational models, at least when predicting case incidences. We present a follow-up to a study conducted in Germany and Poland and investigate a novel joint approach to combine human judgement and epidemiological modelling. Methods:From May 24th to August 16th 2021, we elicited weekly one to four week ahead forecasts of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the UK from a crowd of human forecasters. A median ensemble of all forecasts was submitted to the European Forecast Hub. Participants could use two distinct interfaces: in one, forecasters submitted a predictive distribution directly, in the other forecasters instead submitted a forecast of the effective reproduction number Rt. This was then used to forecast cases and deaths using simulation methods from the EpiNow2 R package. Forecasts were scored using the weighted interval score on the original forecasts, as well as after applying the natural logarithm to both forecasts and observations. Results:The ensemble of human forecasters overall performed comparably to the official European Forecast Hub ensemble on both cases and deaths, although results were sensitive to changes in details of the evaluation. Rt forecasts performed comparably to direct forecasts on cases, but worse on deaths. Self-identified “experts” tended to be better calibrated than “non-experts” for cases, but not for deaths.Conclusions:Human judgement forecasts and computational models can produce forecasts of similar quality for infectious disease such as COVID-19. The results of forecast evaluations can change depending on what metrics are chosen and judgement on what does or doesn't constitute a "good" forecast is dependent on the forecast consumer. Combinations of human and computational forecasts hold potential but present real-world challenges that need to be solved.