bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epileptic nystagmus as clinical manifestation of self‐limited focal epilepsy: Rethinking etiology and prognostic value and literature review
Authors: Sara Brunetti , Isabella Cocco , Simona Damioli , Patrizia Accorsi , Laura Tassi , Lucio Giordano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEpileptic nystagmus (EN) is an uncommon ictal clinical manifestation characterized by rapid, repetitive eyeballs movements. Few cases of EN have been reported and, in most cases, electro‐clinical correlation showed a focal EEG activity, mainly in the occipital and temporo‐occipital areas. Although EN occurs both in idiopathic and non‐idiopathic epilepsy, the most frequent cause appears to be inborn or acquired alteration of brain structures. We report of a 12‐year‐old girl with EN as ictal manifestation of self‐limited focal seizures. We described clinical manifestations, electroencephalographic features, treatment, and follow‐up, presenting the ictal video‐EEG phenomenon. Alongside, we reviewed the reported clinical features of the few pediatric cases (seven patients) with idiopathic epileptic nystagmus through a systematic literature review. Isolated Epileptic Nystagmus (IEN) is much rarer than EN, as it is more frequently associated with other types of seizures, and can be idiopathic, especially in children. Epilepsy prognosis is usually favorable with appropriate treatment, and ASM discontinuation seems to be successful after few years of treatment.
A random choice scheme for scalar advection
Authors: Gallouët Thierry , Hurisse Olivier , Kokh Samuel 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis paper is dedicated to a numerical method based on a random choice as proposed in Glimm's scheme. It is applied to the problem of advection of a scalar quantity. The numerical scheme proposed here relies on a fractional step approach for which: the first step is performed using any classical finite‐volume scheme, and the second step is a cell‐wise update. This second step is a projection based on a random choice. The resulting scheme possesses a very low level of numerical diffusion. In order to assess the capabilities of this approach, several test cases have been investigated including convergence studies with respect to the mesh‐size. The algorithm performs very well on one‐dimensional and multi‐dimensional problems. This algorithm is very easy to implement even for multi‐processor computations.
A novel geometry‐based analysis of hippocampal morphometry in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Fischbach Laura , Bauer Tobias , Diers Kersten , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Brugues Mar , Borger Valeri , Schidlowski Martin , Rácz Attila , Baumgartner Tobias , von Wrede Randi , Paech Daniel , Weber Bernd , Radbruch Alexander , Vatter Hartmut , Becker Albert J. , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Helmstaedter Christoph , Surges Rainer , Reuter Martin , Rüber Theodor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHippocampal volumetry is an essential tool in researching and diagnosing mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). However, it has a limited ability to detect subtle alterations in hippocampal morphometry. Here, we establish and apply a novel geometry‐based tool that enables point‐wise morphometric analysis based on an intrinsic coordinate system of the hippocampus. We hypothesized that this point‐wise analysis uncovers structural alterations not measurable by volumetry, but associated with histological underpinnings and the neuropsychological profile of mTLE. We conducted a retrospective study in 204 individuals with mTLE and 57 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects. FreeSurfer‐based segmentations of hippocampal subfields in 3T‐MRI were subjected to a geometry‐based analysis that resulted in a coordinate system of the hippocampal mid‐surface and allowed for point‐wise measurements of hippocampal thickness and other features. Using point‐wise analysis, we found significantly lower thickness and higher FLAIR signal intensity in the entire affected hippocampus of individuals with hippocampal sclerosis (HS‐mTLE). In the contralateral hippocampus of HS‐mTLE and the affected hippocampus of MRI‐negative mTLE, we observed significantly lower thickness in the presubiculum. Impaired verbal memory was associated with lower thickness in the left presubiculum. In HS‐mTLE histological subtype 3, we observed higher curvature than in subtypes 1 and 2 (all p < .05). These findings could not be observed using conventional volumetry (Bonferroni‐corrected p < .05). We show that point‐wise measures of hippocampal morphometry can uncover structural alterations not measurable by volumetry while also reflecting histological underpinnings and verbal memory. This substantiates the prospect of their clinical application.
Machine learning in laryngeal cancer: A pilot study to predict oncological outcomes and the role of adverse features
Authors: Petruzzi Gerardo , Coden Elisa , Iocca Oreste , di Maio Pasquale , Pichi Barbara , Campo Flaminia , De Virgilio Armando , Francesco Mazzola , Vidiri Antonello , Pellini Raul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal carcinoma (LC) remains a significant economic and emotional problem to the healthcare system and severe social morbidity. New tools as Machine Learning could allow clinicians to develop accurate and reproducible treatments.MethodsThis study aims to evaluate the performance of a ML‐algorithm in predicting 1‐ and 3‐year overall survival (OS) in a cohort of patients surgical treated for LC. Moreover, the impact of different adverse features on prognosis will be investigated. Data was collected on oncological FU of 132 patients. A retrospective review was performed to create a dataset of 23 variables for each patient.ResultsThe decision‐tree algorithm is highly effective in predicting the prognosis, with a 95% accuracy in predicting the 1‐year survival and 82.5% in 3‐year survival; The measured AUC area is 0.886 at 1‐year Test and 0.871 at 3‐years Test. The measured AUC area is 0.917 at 1‐year Training set and 0.964 at 3‐years Training set. Factors that affected 1yOS are: LNR, type of surgery, and subsite. The most significant variables at 3yOS are: number of metastasis, perineural invasion and Grading.ConclusionsThe integration of ML in medical practices could revolutionize our approach on cancer pathology.
COVID‐19 disaster recovery capitals: A conceptual framework to guide holistic and strengths‐based support strategies
Authors: Quinn Phoebe , Munari Stephanie , Block Karen , Walker Shelley , Liberman Jonathan , Wallace Jack , Horyniak Danielle , Oliver Jane , Hellard Margaret , Fletcher‐Lartey Stephanie , Gibbs Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe COVID‐19 pandemic bears many similarities to other disasters such as bushfires, earthquakes and floods. It also has distinctive features including its prolonged and recurrent nature and the social isolation induced by pandemic responses. Existing conceptual frameworks previously applied to the study of disaster, such as the Recovery Capitals Framework (RCF), may be useful in understanding experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic and in guiding agencies and governments tasked with supporting communities.MethodsThis paper presents an analysis of interviews conducted with residents of the Australian state of Victoria in 2020–2021. The RCF was used to analyse how participant experiences and well‐being were influenced by seven forms of capital—social, human, natural, financial, built, cultural and political—with particular focus on the interactions between these capitals.ResultsSocial capital featured most prominently in participants' accounts, yet the analysis revealed important interactions between social and other capitals that shaped their pandemic experiences. The RCF supported a strengths‐based and holistic analysis while also revealing how inequities and challenges were compounded in some cases.ConclusionsFindings can be leveraged to develop effective and innovative strategies to support well‐being and disrupt patterns of compounding inequity. Applying the RCF in the context of COVID‐19 can help to link pandemic research with research from a wide range of disasters.So What?In an increasingly complex global landscape of cascading and intersecting disasters including pandemics, flexible and nuanced conceptual approaches such as the RCF can generate valuable insights with practical implications for health promotion efforts.
How can we deliver on the promise of precision medicine in oncology and beyond? A practical roadmap for action
Authors: Baird Anne‐Marie , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Blum Sandra , Nafria Begonya , Knott Tanya , Sargeant Ify , Harnik Helena , Brooke Nicholas , Wicki Nicole , Wong‐Rieger Durhane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrecision medicine (PM) is a form of personalized medicine that recognizes that individuals with the same condition may have different underlying factors and uses molecular information to provide tailored treatments. This approach can improve treatment outcomes and transform lives through favorable risk/benefit ratios, avoidance of ineffective interventions, and possible cost savings, as evidenced in the field of lung cancer and other oncology/therapeutic settings, including cardiac disease, diabetes, and rare diseases. However, the potential benefits of PM have yet to be fully realized.DiscussionThere are many barriers to the implementation of PM in clinical practice, including fragmentation of the PM landscape, siloed approaches to address shared challenges, unwarranted variation in availability and access to PM, lack of standardization, and limited understanding of patients' experience and needs throughout the PM pathway. We believe that a diverse, intersectoral multistakeholder collaboration, with three main pillars of activity: generation of data to demonstrate the benefit of PM, education to support informed decision‐making, and addressing barriers across the patient pathway, is necessary to reach the shared goal of making PM an accessible and sustainable reality. Besides healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers/regulators/payers, and industry representatives, patients in particular must be equal partners and should be central to the PM approach―from early research through to clinical trials and approval of new treatments―to ensure it represents their entire experience and identifies barriers, solutions, and opportunities at the point of delivery.ConclusionWe propose a practical and iterative roadmap to advance PM and call for all stakeholders across the healthcare system to employ a collaborative, cocreated, patient‐centered methodology to close gaps and fully realize the potential of PM.
Minced skin grafts for chronic wounds compared to conventional mesh grafts
Authors: Sanches‐Pinto Débora C. , Eriksson Elof , Gomez David S. , Nunes Maria P. T. , Gemperli Rolf , Soriano Francisco G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSkin grafting is the single most effective method to close a chronic wound. The current standard of care is to use meshed split thickness skin grafts. This entails the use of surgical instruments that need to be autoclaved and to have a power source, which usually requires an OR facility. The minced skin technique uses single use, presterilized instruments and the procedure can be done under local anesthesia, by a wound care practitioner, in a wound clinic, a physician's office or even at the bedside. The current study was designed to determine if the results from micrografting were non inferior to conventional mesh grafting.MethodsIn a prospective non inferiority study, 26 chronic ulcers were treated with micrografting (MSG) and 24 with conventional mesh grafts 1:3 (control group‐CG) in a total of 21 patients, 10 male and 11 female. The donor site areas in the MSG group were predetermined to 2.5 × 5 cm and the mesh grafts expansion was set at 1:3.ResultsIn the first weeks postoperatively, micrograft healing initially lagged behind the conventional mesh grafts but at 60 days after grafting, all MSG wounds were healed. The MSG wounds had better pigmentation, less itching, and less scarring. The micrografting procedure was easy to learn and expeditious to perform. The MSG mean expansion was 9.1 compared to three times (CG).ConclusionThe MSG procedure is not inferior to conventional mesh grafting, requires smaller donor sites, and can be done with single use instruments, under local anesthesia, with early discharge.
An extensive review on antifungal approaches in the treatment of mucormycosis
Authors: Chaudhari Hrushikesh S. , Palkar Omkar S. , Abha Mishra KM , Sethi Kalyan K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the period of COVID‐19, the occurrences of mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients have increased significantly. Mucormycosis (black fungus) is a rare and rapidly progressing fungal infection associated with high mortality and morbidity in India as well as globally. The causative agents for this infection are collectively called mucoromycetes which are the members of the orderMucorales. The diagnosis of the infection needs to be performed as soon as the occurrence of clinical symptoms which differs with types ofMucoralesinfection. Imaging techniques magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan, culture testing, and microscopy are the approaches for the diagnosis. After the diagnosis of the infection is confirmed, rapid action is needed for the treatment in the form of antifungal therapy or surgery depending upon the severity of the infection. Delaying in treatment declines the chances of survival. In antifungal therapy, there are two approaches first‐line therapy (monotherapy) and combination therapy. Amphotericin B (1) and isavuconazole (2) are the drugs of choice for first‐line therapy in the treatment of mucormycosis. Salvage therapy with posaconazole (3) and deferasirox (4) is another approach for patients who are not responsible for any other therapy. Adjunctive therapy is also used in the treatment of mucormycosis along with first‐line therapy, which involves hyperbaric oxygen and cytokine therapy. There are some drugs like VT‐1161 (5) and APX001A (6), Colistin, SCH 42427, and PC1244 that are under clinical trials. Despite all these approaches, none can be 100% successful in giving results. Therefore, new medications with favorable or little side effects are required for the treatment of mucormycosis.
Platelet‐rich plasma ameliorates neurotoxicity induced by silver nanoparticles in male rats via modulation of apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress
Authors: Elmongy Noura Fathy , Meawad Samah Baleegh , Elshora Shimaa Zakaria , Atwa Asmaa Huessiny , Hammad Amal Mahmoud , Mehanna Osama Mahmoud , Ashry Walaa Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of silver in various forms raises concerns about its potential adverse effects. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enter the brain and subsequently induce neurotoxicity. As a source of diverse growth factors and for its cytoprotective properties, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has received considerable attention in regenerative medicine. Our aim was to estimate the toxic effects of AgNPs on the rat brain and assess the possible protective effects of PRP against AgNPs induced neurotoxicity. A total of 40 adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 10), namely the control, AgNPs, AgNPs+PRP, and auto‐recovery groups. AgNPs were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a 10 mg/kg dose.bw daily for 28 days. PRP was given (a day after AgNPs treatment) i.p. at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg.bw twice weekly for 3 weeks. Rats in the auto‐recovery group were left without treatment for 3 weeks after AgNP toxicity. Serum and brain tissue samples were collected for assessment of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, as well as the expression levels of apoptotic markers. Brain histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations were done. AgNPs significantly increased oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines, decreased antioxidant defense markers, and induced apoptosis and histopathological brain injuries. However, PRP treatment restored brain oxidant/antioxidant balance, attenuated the inflammatory state, prevented apoptosis, and improved the brain histopathological lesions induced by AgNPs, with no significant improvements shown by auto‐recovery group. Our data provided a novel protective effect for PRP against AgNPs‐induced neurotoxicity due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
Chemical bonding of HF, HCl, and H2O onto YF3 surfaces: Quantification by first principles
Authors: Anders Jennifer , Wiedenhaupt Henrik , Kreuter Florian , Tonner‐Zech Ralf , Paulus Beate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe surfaces of waimirite β‐have been studied for their fluorine and chlorine versus water affinity. Bonding patterns of HF, HCl, and chemically adsorbed onto surfaces of (010), (100), (011), and (101) have been quantified by density functional theory applying energy decomposition analysis. We found that the adsorption of is dominated by about 65% of electrostatics, which causes a low surface sensitivity and weak interactions. On the contrary, the adsorptions of HF and HCl are driven by strong hydrogen bonds resulting in a highly surface‐dependent ratio of 30–60% electrostatic versus orbital contribution. Among the stoichiometric surfaces, the shortest and strongest hydrogen bonds and consequently most covalent bonding patterns are found within HCl. However, when including the preparation energy, each surface favors the adsorption of HF over HCl, which reproduces the higher affinity of yttrium towards fluoride over chloride, previously known for solutions, also for the solid state.
Squawks as an important physical finding for differentiation of diffuse panbronchiolitis from asthma in children: A case report
Authors: Okumura Hisatoshi , Kawashima Atsushi , Hanamoto Akiko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease clinically characterized by cough, sputum, and chronic sinusitis. Although the average age of onset is 40 years, DPB occasionally occurs in children and is often misdiagnosed as asthma. Long‐term therapy with macrolide antibiotics significantly improves survival in DPB. Herein, we report the case of a 16‐year‐old man who had been treated for asthma and was referred to our department as transition from the Department of Pediatrics. Adequate auscultation to detect squawks and history taking of purulent sputum led to the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, which improved his quality of life.
Ontogenetic morphometry of the brown smoothhound sharkMustelus henleiwith implications for ecology and evolution
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Godfrey Hana , Whitehead Darren A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe central tenet of ecomorphology links ecological and morphological variation through the process of selection. Traditionally used to rationalise morphological differences between taxa, an ecomorphological approach is increasingly being utilised to study morphological differences expressed through ontogeny. Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays and skates) is one clade in which such ontogenetic shifts in body form have been reported. Such studies are limited to a relatively small proportion of total elasmobranch ecological and morphological diversity, and questions remain regarding the extent to which ecological selection are driving observed morphometric trends. In this study, we report ontogenetic growth trajectories obtained via traditional linear morphometrics from a large data set of the brown smoothhound shark (Mustelus henlei). We consider various morphological structures including the caudal, dorsal and pectoral fins, as well as several girth measurements. We use an ecomorphological approach to infer the broad ecological characteristics of this population and refine understanding of the selective forces underlying the evolution of specific morphological structures. We suggest that observed scaling trends inM. henleiare inconsistent with migratory behaviour, but do not contradict a putative trophic niche shift. We also highlight the role of predation pressure and sex‐based ecological differences in driving observed trends in morphometry, a factor which has previously been neglected when considering the evolution of body form in sharks.
Relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and cases, program breakthrough cases, and deaths in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Vasconcelos Marina Wust , de Barros Flavia Regina Oliveira , Pilonetto Jéssica Cousseau , Rosa Schelder Gabriel Bertoncello , Gonçalves Sandrieli , Kuhn Betty Cristiane , De Assis Leite Deborah Catharine , Perseguini Juliana Morini Küpper Cardoso , Gabiatti Naiana Cristine , Wendt Simone Neumann , Ghisi Nédia de Castilhos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral vaccines have been produced in 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic to control the infection outbreak. This study demonstrated the success of vaccination in controlling COVID‐19 cases and deaths in a small city (41 424 people) with a low population density in Brazil. This study was based on a 1‐year dataset since the application of the first dose in January 2021. The results show a reduction in positive cases and deaths as the vaccination coverage increased in the city, mainly after 15 000 inhabitants were vaccinated (35.21% of the population) in July 2021. At the time, 49.06% of administered vaccines were ChAdOx1‐S recombinant, 39.80% inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 virus (CZ02 strain), 9.70% Tozinameran, and 1.44% Ad26.COV2‐S recombinant. From August 2021, a marked reduction in daily positive cases and deaths was observed, and incidence (≤2.49 per 1000 inhabitants) and mortality (≤0.02 per 1000 inhabitants) rates remained stabilized until January 2022, when a new outbreak occurred upon the emergence of the Omicron variant. However, the mortality rate (0.07 per 1000 inhabitants) remained low regardless of the Omicron high incidence rate (68.41 per 1000 inhabitants). These data demonstrate the COVID‐19 vaccination effectiveness with a threshold of 35.21% of the population vaccinated in this city model.
Nationwide epidemiologic and genetic surveillance of hepatitis E in Japan, 2014–2021
Authors: Sugiyama Ryuichi , Takahara Osamu , Yahata Yuichiro , Kanou Kazuhiko , Nagashima Mami , Kiyohara Tomoko , Li Tian‐Cheng , Arima Yuzo , Shinomiya Hiroto , Ishii Koji , Muramatsu Masamichi , Suzuki Ryosuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging causative agent of acute hepatitis. To clarify the epidemiology of HEV and characterize the genetic diversity of the virus in Japan, nationwide enhanced surveillance and molecular characterization studies of HEV in Japan were undertaken from 2014 to 2021. In total, 2770 hepatitis E cases were reported, of which 88% were domestic cases, while only 4.1% represented cases following infection abroad. In addition, 57% of domestic infections occurred in males aged in their 40s–70s. For domestic cases, infection via pork meat consumption continued to be the most reported route. Analysis of the 324 sequences detected between 2016 and 2021 showed that the majority of domestic HEV strains belong to Genotype 3a (G3a) and G3b. In contrast, six of eight cases of G1 HEV reflected infection abroad. Our results suggest that HEV is circulating widely in Japan, with genotypes G3a and G3b being most prevalent. Continued surveillance is necessary to monitor future trends and changes in the epidemiology of HEV in Japan.