bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NRX-101 (D-cycloserine plus lurasidone) vs. lurasidone for the maintenance of initial stabilization after ketamine in patients with severe bipolar depression with acute suicidal ideation and behavior: a randomized prospective phase 2 trial
Authors: Nierenberg Andrew , Lavin Philip , Javitt Daniel C. , Shelton Richard , Sapko Michael T. , Mathew Sanjay , Besthof Robert E. , Javitt Jonathan C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
We tested the hypothesis that, after initial improvement with intravenous ketamine in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) with severe depression and acute suicidal thinking or behavior, a fixed-dose combination of oral D-cycloserine (DCS) and lurasidone (NRX-101) can maintain improvement more effectively than lurasidone alone.

Methods
This was a multi-center, double-blind, twostage, parallel randomized trial. Adult BD patients with depression and suicidal ideation or behavior were infused with ketamine or saline (Stage 1); those who improved were randomized to a fixed-dose combination of DCS and lurasidone vs. lurasidone alone (Stage 2) to maintain the improvement achieved in Stage 1. Depression was measured by the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and suicidal thinking and behavior was measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS); global improvement was measured by the clinical global severity scale (CGI-S). Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02974010; Registered: November 22, 2016.

Results
Thirty-seven patients were screened and 22 were enrolled, randomized, and treated. All 22 patients treated in Stage 1 (17 with ketamine and 5 with saline) were enrolled into Stage 2, and 11 completed the study. The fixed-dose combination of DCS and lurasidone was significantly more effective than lurasidone alone in maintaining improvement in depression (MADRS LMS Δ-7.7; p = 0.03) and reducing suicidal ideation, as measured by C-SSRS (Δ-1.5; p = 0.02) and by CGI-SS (Δ-2.9; p = 0.03), and with a non-statistically significant decrease in depressive relapse (0% vs. 40%; p = 0.07). This sequential treatment regimen did not cause any significant safety events and demonstrated improvements in patient-reported side effects.

Conclusions
Sequential treatment of a single infusion of ketamine followed by NRX-101 maintenance is a promising therapeutic approach for reducing depression and suicidal ideation in patients with bipolar depression who require hospitalization due to acute suicidal ideation and behavior. On the basis of these findings, Breakthrough Therapy Designation was awarded, and a Special Protocol Agreement was granted by the FDA for a registrational trial.
A new piece of the puzzle: slag and ore analysis to reconstruct the prehispanic smelting technology at the Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Plaza María Teresa , Garrido Francisco , Larreina-García David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Incas appropriated many local metallurgical technologies throughout the Andes, each of which had its unique peculiarities and was based on local ancestral knowledge. The widespread use of tin-bronze during the Inca expansion, the development of mining and smelting sites, as well as ethno-historical records evidence the Incas’ interest in copper smelting, a key activity in the Andes since ca. 1400 BC. However, little is known about the technical parameters achieved by ancient metallurgists and the changes that occurred during the Inca expansion. In this paper, we address these changes through a case study of Copiapó valley, focusing on the Viña del Cerro site, one of the most famous Inca smelting centres of the southern Andes. Although this place was architectonically restructured by the Incas, its operations began long before the imperial expansion and used wind-powered furnaces. We analysed 19 slag and 11 copper ore samples using OM, SEM–EDS, WD-XRF, and XRD analyses. Results identified heterogeneous and viscous slags, rich in SiO2 (43 wt%) and poor in FeO (13 wt%). Copper retention was high (up to 60 wt%). Microstructural analyses indicate that slags were formed under unstable oxidising conditions, reaching temperatures that ranged between 1000 to 1100 °C. The copper produced was very pure. High-grade copper ores containing up to 69 wt% CuO were reduced at the site, combining carbonates (malachite, azurite), halides (buttgenbachite, clinoatacamite), and some sulphates (brochantite). We propose that even under the relatively unfavourable conditions for slag formation, the smelting conditions generated at Viña del Cerro were competent enough to extract metal, but not necessarily enough to form liquid slag. These conditions were facilitated by the local metallurgists’ thorough knowledge of the wind flow and their ability to select the right ore. This new information contributes to understanding the efficiency of metallurgical technology and the knowledge, skills, and adaptability of the ancient metallurgists from Copiapó valley, a group that was integrated into the economic networks of the Inca Empire.
Dynamic nucleation as a cascade-up of earthquakes depending on rupture propagation velocity
Authors: Uemura Kansuke , Ide Satoshi , Aochi Hideo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEarthquake dynamic rupture requires a nucleation process to provide sufficient energy to overcome the fracture energy. Large earthquakes may occur via a cascading rupture process, which includes many triggering processes that cascade from small to large sections of the fault system. During such a process, the nucleation of a large section of the fault plane may occur dynamically via the propagating rupture from a small section of the fault plane. A quasi-static view of seismic nucleation has been widely discussed in earthquake seismology; however, the dynamic nucleation process remains poorly known. Here, we investigate one aspect of the dynamic nucleation process by focusing on the rupture propagation velocity during the nucleation process. We simplify this process as self-similar crack propagation at a constant rupture velocity in a finite nucleation zone within a target region that possesses a uniform fracture energy. We numerically solve this elastodynamic problem in two dimensions for both the anti-plane and in-plane cases using the Boundary Integral Equation method. As the rupture velocity increases, the critical ratio of the fracture energy step to continue the rupture increases and the critical size of the dynamic nucleation zone decreases. The rapid increase in the ratio of the fracture energy step toward infinity could explain why earthquakes never propagate at slow rupture velocities. However, the effect on the size of the nucleation zone is rather limited, with the size of the dynamic nucleation zone decreasing to ~ 70% of the static nucleation zone size. However, such a small difference would result in a significant overall difference if such a dynamic nucleation process repeatedly occurred in the cascading rupture process of a large earthquake, which would be a difficult situation for earthquake early warning.
Graphical Abstract
Exploring the Neandertal legacy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in Eurasians
Authors: Piccardi Margherita , Gentiluomo Manuel , Bertoncini Stefania , Pezzilli Raffaele , Erőss Bálint , Bunduc Stefania , Uzunoglu Faik G. , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata , Vanagas Tomas , Sperti Cosimo , Oliverius Martin , Aoki Mateus Nóbrega , Ermini Stefano , Hussein Tamás , Boggi Ugo , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Maiello Evaristo , Morelli Luca , Vodickova Ludmila , Di Franco Gregorio , Landi Stefano , Szentesi Andrea , Lovecek Martin , Puzzono Marta , Tavano Francesca , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Zerbi Alessandro , Mohelnikova-Duchonova Beatrice , Stocker Hannah , Costello Eithne , Capurso Gabriele , Ginocchi Laura , Lawlor Rita T. , Vanella Giuseppe , Bazzocchi Francesca , Izbicki Jakob R. , Latiano Anna , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Ponz de Leon Pisani Ruggero , Schöttker Ben , Soucek Pavel , Hegyi Péter , Gazouli Maria , Hackert Thilo , Kupcinskas Juozas , Poskiene Lina , Tacelli Matteo , Roth Susanne , Carrara Silvia , Perri Francesco , Hlavac Viktor , Theodoropoulos George E. , Busch Olivier R. , Mambrini Andrea , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Arcidiacono Paolo , Scarpa Aldo , Pasquali Claudio , Basso Daniela , Lucchesi Maurizio , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Neoptolemos John P. , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Janciauskas Dainius , Chen Xuechen , Chammas Roger , Goetz Mara , Brenner Hermann , Archibugi Livia , Dannemann Michael , Canzian Federico , Tofanelli Sergio , Campa Daniele 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The genomes of present-day non-Africans are composed of 1–3% of Neandertal-derived DNA as a consequence of admixture events between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans about 50–60 thousand years ago. Neandertal-introgressed single nucleotide polymorphisms (aSNPs) have been associated with modern human disease-related traits, which are risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of aSNPs in PDAC in three Eurasian populations.

Results
The high-coverage Vindija Neandertal genome was used to select aSNPs in non-African populations from 1000 Genomes project phase 3 data. Then, the association between aSNPs and PDAC risk was tested independently in Europeans and East Asians, using existing GWAS data on more than 200 000 individuals. We did not find any significant associations between aSNPs and PDAC in samples of European descent, whereas, in East Asians, we observed that the Chr10p12.1-rs117585753-T allele (MAF = 10%) increased the risk to develop PDAC (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.19–1.54, P = 3.59 × 10–6), with a P-value close to a threshold that takes into account multiple testing.

Conclusions
Our results show only a minimal contribution of Neandertal SNPs to PDAC risk.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) alleviate paclitaxel-induced spermatogenesis defects and maintain male fertility
Authors: Zhang YuSheng , Liu YaNan , Teng Zi , Wang ZeLin , Zhu Peng , Wang ZhiXin , Liu FuJun , Liu XueXia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs can cause reproductive damage by affecting sperm quality and other aspects of male fertility. Stem cells are thought to alleviate the damage caused by chemotherapy drugs and to play roles in reproductive protection and treatment. This study aimed to explore the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on alleviating paclitaxel (PTX)-induced spermatogenesis and male fertility defects. An in vivo PTX-induced mice model was constructed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity and protective roles of hUC-MSCs in male fertility improvement. A 14 day PTX treatment regimen significantly attenuated mice spermatogenesis and sperm quality, including affecting spermatogenesis, reducing sperm counts, and decreasing sperm motility. hUC-MSCs treatment could significantly improve sperm functional indicators. Mating experiments with normal female mice and examination of embryo development at 7.5 days post-coitum (dpc) showed that hUC-MSCs restored male mouse fertility that was reduced by PTX. In IVF experiments, PTX impaired sperm fertility and blastocyst development, but hUC-MSCs treatment rescued these indicators. hUC-MSCs’ protective role was also displayed through the increased expression of the fertility-related proteins HSPA2 and HSPA4L in testes with decreased expression in the PTX-treated group. These changes might be related to the PTX-induced decreases in expression of the germ cell proliferation protein PCNA and the meiosis proteins SYCP3, MLH1, and STRA8, which were restored after hUC-MSCs treatment. In the PTX-treated group, the expression of testicular antioxidant proteins SIRT1, NRF2, CAT, SOD1, and PRDX6 was significantly decreased, but hUC-MSCs could maintain these expressions and reverse PTX-related increases in BAX/BCL2 ratios. hUC-MSCs may be a promising agent with antioxidant and anti-apoptosis characteristics that can maintain sperm quality following chemotherapy treatment.
Knowledge about stem cell sources and obstacles in donation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells: a cross-sectional survey from Ha’il city to track the prospects of regenerative medicine in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL-Shammary Asma Ayyed , Hassan Sehar un-Nisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Promoting stem cell donation behaviors could be crucial in advancing stem cell-based treatment, research and improving public health in Saudi Arabia. Donation of stem cells can be considered an act of social welfare just like blood donation because stem-cell-based therapies are emerging as a hope for those suffering from chronic health conditions and/or terminal illnesses.

Aim
This study aims at assessing levels of awareness about sources of stem-cells, donor organizations and predictors of stem cell donation behavior in target population.

Methods
The study employed a cross-sectional online survey method. The study sample comprises 1325 educated Saudi people living in Ha’il city. The survey questionnaire collected data about respondents’ demographic background, awareness about various sources of stem cells and stem-cell donor registries, willingness to donate stem cells, registration status and obstacles in stem cell donation registration. Percentages, Chi-square analysis and Odd Ratios were computed to analyze the data.

Results
In this sample, (n = 696; 52%) were males and (n = 629; 48%) were females. Although (n = 1308; 98%) percent of respondents reported willingness to donate stem cell, less than one percent (n = 6; 0.5) were registered with Saudi Stem Cell Registry. Over 50% of respondents hold inaccurate perceptions about sources of stem cell. Odd Ratio (OR) values from binary logistic regression model identified four factors as significant predictors of non-registration status. These included (i) unaware about donor agencies and procedures (OR = 10.07; p < 0.05), (ii) unaware about possibility to donate stem cells (OR = 8.08; p < 0.05) (iii) concerns about impact on health (OR = 10.01; p < 0.05) and (iv) have health issues that does not permit donation (OR = 10.50; p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Stem cell registrations can be enhanced through appropriate health education programs that focus on increasing awareness about donation procedures, trustworthy donor organizations and reducing people apprehensions related to donation.
Korea hypertension fact sheet 2022: analysis of nationwide population-based data with a special focus on hypertension in the elderly
Authors: Kim Hyeon Chang , Lee Hokyou , Lee Hyeok-Hee , Lee Gabin , Kim Eunji , Song Moses , Moon Jenny , Seo Yeeun ,   for the Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH)-Hypertension Epidemiology Research Working Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Korean Society of Hypertension has published the Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2022 to provide an overview of the magnitude and management status of hypertension and their recent trends.

Methods
The Fact Sheets were based on the analyses of Korean adults aged 20 years or older of the 1998–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2002–2020 National Health Insurance Big Data.

Results
As of 2020, 29.4% of the adult population aged 20 or older in Korea, about 12.6 million people, have high blood pressure, of which 5.0 million (40%) are 65 years of age or older and 1.2 million (10%) are 80 years of age or older. Among those with hypertension, the awareness rate is 69%, the treatment rate is 65%, and the control rate is 47%. The number of people diagnosed with hypertension increased from 3.0 million in 2002 to 10.5 million in 2020. During the same period, the number of people using antihypertensive medication increased from 2.5 million to 9.9 million, and the number of people adherent to treatment increased from 0.6 million to 7.4 million. Among those treated for hypertension in 2020, 74% used angiotensin blockers, 61% used calcium channel blockers, 24% used diuretics, and 15% used beta blockers. Combination therapy with at least two classes of antihypertensive medication consisted of 60% of all antihypertensive prescriptions. The number of people with hypertension aged 65 or older is increasing very rapidly compared to those aged 20–64. Awareness and treatment rates of hypertension improved rapidly, especially in those aged 65 or older, but the rate of improvement slowed since 2012.

Conclusions
In Korea, the level of hypertension management is improving, but the absolute number of people with hypertension, especially elderly hypertension, is increasing due to the rapid aging of the population. It is necessary to develop more efficient and target-specific policies to control blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular disease.
Reliability and measurement error of sensorimotor tests in patients with neck pain: a systematic review
Authors: Elsig Simone , Allet Lara , Bastiaenen Caroline Henrice Germaine , de Bie Rob , Hilfiker Roger 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Neck pain is one of the leading causes of years lived with disability, and approximately half of people with neck pain experience recurrent episodes. Deficits in the sensorimotor system can persist even after pain relief, which may contribute to the chronic course of neck pain in some patients. Evaluation of sensorimotor capacities in patients with neck pain is therefore important. No consensus exists on how sensorimotor capacities of the neck should be assessed in physiotherapy. The aims of this systematic review are: (a) to provide an overview of tests used in physiotherapy for assessment of sensorimotor capacities in patients with neck pain; and (b) to provide information about reliability and measurement error of these tests, to enable physiotherapists to select appropriate tests.

Methods
Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies reporting data on the reliability and/or measurement error of sensorimotor tests in patients with neck pain. The results for reliability and measurement error were compared against the criteria for good measurement properties. The quality of evidence was assessed according to the modified GRADE method proposed by the COSMIN group.

Results
A total of 206 tests for assessment of sensorimotor capacities of the neck were identified and categorized into 18 groups of tests. The included tests did not cover all aspects of the sensorimotor system; tests for the sensory and motor components were identified, but not for the central integration component. Furthermore, no data were found on reliability or measurement error for some tests that are used in practice, such as movement control tests, which apply to the motor component. Approximately half of the tests showed good reliability, and 12 were rated as having good (+) reliability. However, tests that evaluated complex movements, which are more difficult to standardize, were less reliable. Measurement error could not be evaluated because the minimal clinically important change was not available for all tests.

Conclusion
Overall, the quality of evidence is not yet high enough to enable clear recommendations about which tests to use to assess the sensorimotor capacities of the neck.
A familiar peer improves students’ behavior patterns, attention, and performance when learning from video lectures
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Zhang Yi , Yu Qiuchen , Yang Jiumin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSynchronous online learning via technology has become a major trend in institutions of higher education, allowing students to learn from video lectures alongside their peers online. However, relatively little research has focused on the influence of these peers on students’ learning during video lectures and even less on the effect of peer familiarity. The present study aimed to test the various effects of peer presence and peer familiarity on learning from video lectures. There were three experimental conditions: individual-learning, paired-learning with an unfamiliar peer, and paired-learning with a familiar peer. ANCOVA results found that students paired with a familiar peer reported higher motivation in learning and more self-monitoring behaviors than those paired with an unfamiliar peer or who learned alone. Furthermore, students paired with both unfamiliar or familiar peers demonstrated better learning transfer than those who learned alone. Together, these results confirm the benefits of and support learning alongside a familiar peer during video lectures.
Probiotics: friend or foe to the human immune system
Authors: Singh Devendra , Singh Archana , Kumar Sunil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Live microorganisms known as probiotics have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. Probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent anything from colic in babies to obesity, diarrhea, and respiratory infections.

Main body of the abstract
It has been proven by a few researchers that probiotics are effective in treating numerous ailments by controlling the host’s immunological response. But on the other side, the probiotic industry takes a more straightforward, “one-formula-fits-all” approach to probiotic therapy. As the unique native microbiota of each person is another crucial factor in recommending probiotic therapy. Approximately 1000 distinct bacterial species reside in the human gut. It will take further research into how probiotic strains interact with the microbiota, so there is still a long way to go before probiotics can be used to their full potential.

Short conclusion
This review study provides a thorough description of probiotics and seeks to establish whether they are beneficial to or harmful to the human immune system and their mode of action.
Current status of TORCH infection Seroprevalence in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Al Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Gouda Marwa A. , Katawy Ahmed M. El , Ashry Walaa Mohamed Omar , Said Huda E. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
TORCH infections during pregnancy significantly impact neonatal and maternal mortality rates worldwide. This study aimed to gather baseline serological data for pregnant women's immunological status to infection and determine if definite TORCH pathogens (cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, and Herpes simplex virus) were associated with Toxoplasma infection, to improve prenatal care and provide appropriate infection control strategies.

Methodology
Blood samples were gathered from 210 pregnant women attending Al Zagazig University hospitals from February to May 2023. Samples were examined for specific IgM and IgG antibodies against TORCH pathogens by electrochemiluminescence technique.

Results
Regarding TORCH infection, 60 (28.6%) cases were seronegative, while 77 (36.7%), 63 (30.0%), 56 (26.7%), and 15 (7.1%) were positive IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, and Herpes simplex virus, respectively. There was no estimate for IgM for cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, or Herpes simplex virus, indicating that no primary infection had been detected during the pregnancy. There was a statistically significant association between seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infections (IgM and IgG) and age group ≤ 25 years, which is the most common childbearing age group. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity was found in those beyond 25 years (P-value 0.001). Antibodies to mono-infections were found in 97/210 (46.2%) subjects. It is substantially higher under-25 years age group, 71/97 (73.2%), P-value of 0.001. 45/210 (21.4%) participants had antibodies to two agents, with no significant difference in the age group over 25 years, 26/45 (57.8%). Antibodies to three agents were assessed in eight instances, all under 25 years.

Conclusions
According to our findings, serological evaluation for the TORCH complex in all pregnant women is recommended to determine infection immunity, current immunization regimens, and infection reactivation. Low TORCH antibodies rates amongst pregnant women in Egypt's Sharqia governorate might be an appropriate starting point for prenatal screening initiatives.