bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of fluoride from water using aluminum‐modified activated carbon prepared from khat (Catha edulis) stems
Authors: Niyitegeka Hyacinthe , Kassahun Shimelis Kebede , Nyangi Magori Jackson 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the fluoride removal efficiency and adsorption of a low‐cost adsorbent prepared using aluminum‐modified activated carbon from khat (Catha edulis) in a batch‐mode reactor. The operating factors, including pH, adsorbent dose, and fluoride initial concentration, were optimized using the Box Behnken design of response surface methodology. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the removal of fluoride was found to be 0.93, showing the validity of the developed quadratic model. The results showed that, under optimized conditions of an adsorbent dose of 2.47 g/L, an initial fluoride concentration of 2.1 mg/L, an initial pH 6.08, and 60 min, 90% fluoride reduction was achieved. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics followed the Langmuir adsorption model and the Pseudo second model, respectively, with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 0.3065 mg/g. On the other hand, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of major peaks of components such as hydroxyl and carboxylic acids. The same optimum treatment conditions (adsorbent dose of 2.47 g/L, initial pH 6.08, and treatment time of 60 min) managed to remove low initial fluoride concentrations of 3.67 and 4.33 mg/L from real groundwater by 72.84% and 70.37%, respectively. The modified adsorbent prepared in this study successfully treat the low fluoride concentration to a level recommended by WHO for drinking water.
Deep Red to NIR Emitting Xanthene Hybrids: Xanthene‐Hemicyanine Hybrids and Xanthene‐Coumarin Hybrids
Authors: Khan Zeba , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractXanthene dyes exhibit remarkable photophysical properties and photostability. Their ability to switch fluorescence on/off depending on the external environment makes them a promising candidate for imaging/sensing/tracking/labeling probes. However, their emission ≤600 nm and Stokes shift ∼34 nm restrict their use in biological applications. A well‐known approach to shifting the emission of xanthene dyes in the deep red to Near infrared (NIR) is by forming xanthene hybrids. This review gives a comprehensive list of the deep red to NIR xanthene‐hemicyanine and xanthene‐coumarin hybrids. We have outlined general synthetic strategies and a detailed discussion of substituent effect, π‐conjugation, and ring effect on the photophysical properties of these dyes. A section on applications of deep red to NIR xanthene hybrids based on fluorophore‐linker strategy and spirocyclization is included. This review highlights the structure‐spectroscopic relationships, which will be useful in designing new deep red to NIR xanthene analogs.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Doxorubicin‐Bioactive Glass‐Ceramic Hybrid Nanoparticles through a Bio‐Inspired Route for Anti‐Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dey Namit , Santhiya Deenan , Das Asmita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we report doxorubicin preparation with bioactive glass‐ceramic as a novel hybrid nanoparticle formulation. Synthesis was carried out through a bio‐inspired route where different precursors of bioactive glass are added to a Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer adjusted to slightly alkaline pH containing doxorubicin. With increasing concentration of doxorubicin, loading increased in quantity with comparatively higher drug release in acidic pH than neutral pH. Without synthetic surfactant or high temperature calcination, bioactive glass‐ceramic nanoparticles demonstrated significantly superior cytotoxic behavior towards osteosarcoma cell line when compared to equivalent free drug or its action towards non‐cancerous cell line. The particles exhibited hydroxyapatite deposition when immersed in simulated body fluid for 7 days. The bio‐inspired route for synthesis of doxorubicin‐bioactive glass‐ceramic hybrid nanoparticles is an efficient cost ‐effective synthesis mechanismwhich is environmentally friendly without hampering the stability or activity of the drug.
Continuous Flow Liquid‐Phase Semihydrogenation of Phenylacetylene over Pd Nanoparticles Supported on UiO‐66(Hf) Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Swamy Akkenapally , Kanakikodi Kempanna S. , Bakuru Vasudeva Rao , Kulkarni Bhavana B. , Maradur Sanjeev P. , Kalidindi Suresh Babu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCatalysis under continuous flow operation is industrially more relevant compared to reactions carried out in batch reactors. But catalysis with metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is largely restricted to batch reactions, especially in case of semi hydrogenation reactions. We anchored Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on robust UiO‐66(Hf) MOF to develop effective catalyst for semi hydrogenation of phenylacetylene into styrene. We investigated catalytic performance of Pd/UiO‐66(Hf) in a continuous‐flow liquid‐phase semi‐hydrogenation of phenylacetylene (PA). In this study, Pd/UiO‐66(Hf) catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance with a rare combination of high PA conversion (99.0 %) and high styrene selectivity (90.0 %). Additionally, Pd/UiO‐66(Hf) demonstrated lower deactivation rate in contrast to many reported materials to date. The higher stability of metal NPs over UiO‐66(Hf) aroused from the strong metal‐support interaction (between Brønsted acidic μ3‐OH of MOF and Pd). The Pd/UiO‐66(Hf) retained its catalytic activity even after four recycles.
Facile Synthesis of Eco‐Friendly Silver@Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Optical Sensing
Authors: Dat Nguyen Minh , Cong Che Quang , Hai Nguyen Duy , Huong Le Minh , Nam Nguyen Thanh Hoai , Tinh Dang Quoc , Tai Le Tan , An Hoang , Duy Mai Quoc , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, silver nanoparticles‐doped graphene oxide (AgNPs@GO) nanocomposite was green synthesized using the extract ofCurcuma longaas an effective reducing and stabilizing agent.. Characterization of AgNPs and AgNPs@GO were thoroughly examined via several analysis methods. Thereby, the results show the successful formation as well as the uniform distribution of spherical nano‐sized silver fragments on the GO surface with an average size of 21.143.21 nm. The materials were then tested regarding their optical sensing for H2O2and Hg2+. In specific, AgNPs@GO indicated a great colorimetric detection towards H2O2and Hg2+with a remarkably low detection limit at 0.48 and 0.158 μM, respectively. Conclusively, AgNPs@GO nanocomposite poses a high potential in application sectors of the colorimetric sensor.
Tetraphenylethylene Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Selective Detection of Explosive Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: More Kerba S. , Mirgane Harshad A. , Gosavi Nilesh M. , Puyad Avinash L. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, we have reported a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) based fluorescent chemosensor 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐(ethene‐1,1,2,2‐tetrayl)tetrakis(N,N‐dimethylaniline) (TPE‐DMA) for the selective detection of explosive nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), such as 2, 4, 6‐trinitrophenol also called as picric acid (PA), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), and p‐nitrophenol (NP) over other NACs in CHCl3. TPE‐DMA is highly selective and sensitive toward PA in presence of various metal ions and anions. The quenching efficiency can be calculated from the Stern‐Volmer equation and was found to be 4.02×104 M−1, 1.82×104 M−1and 3.12×104 M−1 respectively for PA, DNP and NP. The detection limit of TPE‐DMA towards PA, DNP and NP of about 4.088×10−6 M, 5.155×10−6 M and 3.989×10−6 M respectively. Furthermore, to study the practical applicability of TPE‐DMA, visual‐eye detection was performed not only in solid‐state on TLC plates but also in solution state in CHCl3 under visible light as well as UV light illumination.
1,7‐isoxazolyl Substituted BODIPY Dyes – Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Matveeva Maria D. , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu. , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S. , Miftyakhova Almira R. , Zhilyaev Dmitry I. , Voskressensky Leonid G. , Talarico Giovanni , Efimov Ilya V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA range of novel BODIPYs with the isoxazolyl groups at 1,7‐positions were prepared from 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐(5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)isoxazole and their photophysical properties were characterized. The presence of the isoxazolyl groups at 1,7‐positions, shifts long‐wavelength absorption at 581±4 nm and emission at 622±3 nm in the near‐infrared region. A comparison of three variants of substituents at positions 1,7 of BODIPY core is shown.
Experimentation and appropriability inearly‐stageventures: Evidence from theUSsoftware industry
Authors: Contigiani Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines the tension between learning and appropriability that arises as early‐stage ventures experiment in the market. When formal intellectual property protection is weak, the learning benefits of experimentation may be offset by the imitation risks. I test this argument on a hand‐collected dataset of 1,203 US‐based software ventures, using thesoftware release life cycleterminology to measure experimentation and the 2014 US Supreme Court decisionAlice Corp v CLS Bank Internationalas a negative shock to patent protection. Following this ruling, treated ventures are less likely to engage in experimentation. This pattern is stronger for ventures facing low uncertainty or strong competition. Overall, the evidence suggests that ventures perceive the tension between learning and appropriability and adjust their strategy accordingly.Managerial SummaryThe Lean Startup suggests that entrepreneurs should rely on experimentation in bringing their products to the market. However, the return to experimentation also depends on its costs. One potential cost is the risk of imitation. I study whether ventures perceive the trade‐off between learning about the market and the risk of imitation. I hand‐collect data on over 1,200 US‐based software ventures. I analyze the effect of the US Supreme Court decisionAlice Corp v CLS Bank International, which weakened patent protection for firms building financial software. I find that, once patent protection becomes more difficult, ventures conduct less experimentation in the market. Therefore, ventures appear to perceive this trade‐off and take it into account in designing their strategy.
Synergistic Bimetallic CoCu‐Codecorated Carbon Nanosheet Arrays as Integrated Bifunctional Cathodes for High‐Performance Rechargeable/Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Kuang Jiaqi , Shen Yirun , Zhang Yang , Yao Jun , Du Jiajun , Yang Siyuan , Zhang Shengsen , Fang Yueping , Cai Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe unremitting exploration of well‐architectured and high‐efficiency oxygen electrocatalysts is promising to speed up the surface‐mediated oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) kinetics of rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, bimetallic CoCu‐codecorated carbon nanosheet arrays (CoCu/N‐CNS) are proposed as self‐supported bifunctional oxygen catalysts. The integrated catalysts are in situ constructed via a simple sacrificial‐templated strategy, imparting CoCu/N‐CNS with 3D interconnected conductive pathways, abundant mesopores for electrolyte penetration and ion diffusion, as well as Cu‐synergized Co–Nx/O reactive sites for improved catalytic activities. By incorporating a moderate amount of Cu into CoCu/N‐CNS, the bifunctional activities can be further increased due to synergistic oxygen electrocatalysis. Consequently, the optimized CoCu/N‐CNS realizes a low overall overpotential of 0.64 V for OER and ORR and leads to high‐performance liquid ZABs with high gravimetric energy (879.7 Wh kg−1), high peak power density (104.3 mW cm−2), and remarkable cyclic stability upon 400 h/1000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2. More impressively, all‐solid‐state flexible ZABs assembled with the CoCu/N‐CNS cathode exhibit superior rate performance and exceptional mechanical flexibility under arbitrary bending conditions. This CoCu/N‐CNS monolith holds significant potential in advancing cation‐modulated multimetallic electrocatalysts and multifunctional nanocatalysts.
Black student‐athletes, contemporary student‐athlete activism, and critical race theory
Authors: McCoy Dorian L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo significant events in the last decade, #concernedstudents1950 at the University of Missouri and the George Floyd murder, have galvanized student‐athlete activism, particularly Black student‐athlete activism. Framed in Critical Race Theory (CRT), this article examines contemporary Black student‐athlete activism and how their activism is influencing intercollegiate athletics and higher education
Impact of Starch Modification Processes on Resistant Starch of Root and Tuber Crops
Authors: Amonsou Eric O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRoots and tubers constitute major sources of staple foods for many people in the society. The major component of these crops is starch, which has been implicated in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, especially when consumed in refined form. Efforts to reduce the glycemic effect of starches have led to renewed interest in resistant starches. This review discusses the nature and characteristics of resistant starches in major roots and tubers and how these may be impacted by either pretreatment or starch modification processes. The most effective approaches to improve the resistant starch proportions and attenuate starch digestibility of roots and tubers have been proposed.
Bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis at a livestock–wildlife interface in Zimbabwe: A nexus for amplification of a zoonosis or a myth?
Authors: Matope Gift , Gadaga Masimba B. , Bhebhe Barbara , Tshabalala Priscilla T. , Makaya Pious V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBovine brucellosis and tuberculosis are important zoonoses affecting both livestock and wildlife.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate seroprevalence of brucellosis and to isolate Brucella spp. and Mycobacterium bovis in cattle from livestock–wildlife interface areas.MethodsThree sites were selected from high, medium and low interface. The high interface was adjacent to the park and separated by a broken fence, while the medium and low interface were 15–20 and 50 km from the perimeter fence, respectively. Cattle aged ≥2 years were randomly selected and bled for serology. Culture for brucellae and Mycobacterium species was attempted on lymph nodes collected at the slaughter floor. Sera were screened for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test and confirmed by the Complement fixation test. Data were analysed using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsOverall, seroprevalence was 11.7% (125/1068; 95% CI: 9.8–13.6%). High interface areas recorded significantly higher (p < 0.05) seroprevalence of 20.9% (85/406; 95% CI: 17.0–24.9%), compared to low 8.9% (31/350; 95% CI: 5.9–11.8%) and medium interface 2.9% (9/312; 95% CI: 1.0–4.8%). Brucella seropositivity was approximately three times higher (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.1–5.3) for Malipati compared to Chiredzi. Similarly, the odds were twice (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.5) in cows with history of abortion compared to those without. Brucella and Mycobacterium species were not isolated from all samples.ConclusionsThe study highlighted the significance of high interface as a nexus for amplification of brucellosis in cattle. Thus, a brucellosis control programme that takes into consideration limiting livestock–wildlife interaction should be considered.
Otitis media with effusion in two Boston terrier dogs
Authors: Souza Clarissa Pimentel , Foss Kari Denise , Mascarenhas Mariana Bezerra , Clegg Jennifer Loraine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOtitis media (OM) in dogs can occur as a primary condition instead of as an extension of an otitis externa (OE), characterized by the presence of fluid in the middle ear (ME) referred to as OM with effusion (OME). OME has been reported in a brachycephalic breed (boxer), and the same condition is described as primary secretory OM in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. These dogs can be asymptomatic or present with pain, facial nerve paralysis and reduced hearing. This report describes two cases of OME with associated neurologic signs in Boston terriers with no previous history of OE, normal external ear canals and tympanic membranes. Neurologic evaluation revealed right head tilt along with vestibular ataxia and frequent walking tight circles to the right in case 1, and a dull mentation with a right‐sided head tilt and torticollis, vestibular tetra‐ataxia, ambulatory tetraparesis and circling to the right in case 2. MRI imaging of the brain was performed. Results showed bilateral OM with right‐sided otitis interna and equivocal associated otogenic meningitis in case 1 and right‐sided OM in case 2. Myringotomy was performed, and both dogs’ ME sampled for cytology that only revealed inflammatory cells; and bacterial cultures which revealed a light growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in case 1. ME were flushed with sterile saline. Oral glucocorticoids and antibiotics based on the susceptibility results, and a compound antibiotic and glucocorticoid ear solution were prescribed to case 1. Neurologic improvement was observed a few days after the appointment, but a mild right‐sided head tilt remained evident. Owner of case two elected humane euthanasia due to patient respiratory difficulties upon anaesthetic recovery and other concurrent healthy concerns. Current findings reinforce that brachycephalic dogs may be prone to develop OME, and advanced imaging tests are key to the diagnosis.
Fake News Detection by Weakly Supervised Learning Based on Content Features
Authors: Özgöbek Özlem , Kille Benjamin , From Anja Rosvold , Netland Ingvild Unander 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFake news, defined as the publication of false information, either unintentional or with the intent to deceive or harm, is one of the important issues that affects today’s digital society significantly. All around the world, journalists and fact checking organizations are trying to fight this problem manually. However, fighting fake news is a time-sensitive task. Once leaked, fake news spreads fast and its impact on society increases. Because of the complex and dynamic nature of news, applying artificial intelligence methods to address the automatic detection of fake news is a challenging task. This work explores the use of weak supervised learning for fake news detection by using only the content of news articles. This is particularly important when the contextual information is not available or difficult to obtain quickly. To our knowledge, this is the first work which uses a content-based approach in weak supervised learning without the use of any contextual information for fake news detection. We propose an architecture that generates weak labels. We explore the effect of using weak labels for fake news detection with five different machine learning models. We demonstrate that weakly supervised learning is an effective approach to the automated detection of fake news in the absence of high quality labels.
Phenotyping of Cervical Cancer Risk Groups via Generalized Low-Rank Models Using Medical Questionnaires
Authors: Becker Florian , Nygård Mari , Nygård Jan , Smilde Age , Acar Evrim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to uncover cervical cancer (CC) risk phenotypes from self-reported lifestyle questionnaires and screening data. In general, computational phenotype discovery aims to find subgroups among individuals that share distinctive characteristics by analyzing electronic health records (EHR). This can benefit the understanding of a disease as well as uncover risk factors and provide possibilities for preventive action. The features in thewomen($$n = 6359$$n=6359) byquestionnaire features($$p=29$$p=29) matrix with missing data are of different statistical data types (e.g., binary or ordinal data). We use so-calledgeneralized low-rank models(GLRM) that can address this challenge via different statistical-data-type-dependent loss functions. We show that these models can uncover phenotypes related to cervical cancer risk factors from large-scale questionnaire data.
New supersymmetric string moduli spaces from frozen singularities
Authors: Parra De Freitas Héctor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The current classification of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 string theories in eight and seven dimensions is completely captured by K3 surfaces with F-Theory or M-Theory frozen singularities. In this note we show that there are inequivalent ways of freezing certain collections of singularities which have the same ADE type, and so there are more connected components in the moduli space than previously thought; namely, one more in eight dimensions and three more in seven dimensions. We argue that the new component in eight dimensions decompactifies to a string theory in nine dimensions with rank 1 gauge group, which has been so far unidentified. Constructing and studying the stringy descriptions corresponding to these moduli spaces is the subject of a companion paper.
Pole-skipping of holographic correlators: aspects of gauge symmetry and generalizations
Authors: Wang Yuan-Tai , Pan Wen-Bin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the framework of anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT), we study the pole-skipping phenomenon of the holographic correlators of boundary operators. We explore the locations of the pole-skipping points case by case with the U(1)-gauged form models in the asymptotic AdS bulk of finite temperature. In general, in different cases all the points are located at the Matsubara frequencies with corresponding wave vectors dispersed in the momentum space, displaying different types of patterns. Specifically, in the massless cases with U(1) symmetry, the wave vectors of the pole-skipping points have a form-number dependence, and a trans-mode equivalence in the dual fields is found in correspondence with electromagnetic duality. In the massive cases with explicit symmetry breaking, the points degenerate to be independent of the form number. We expect in such kind of pole-skipping properties implications of distinctive physics in the chaotic systems. These properties are further examined by higher-order computation, which provides a more complete pole-skipping picture. Our near-horizon computation is verified with the double-trace method especially in the example of 2-form where there is dimension-dependent boundary divergence. We illustrate in these cases that the pole-skipping properties of the holographic correlators are determined by the IR physics, consistent with the ordinary cases in previous studies.