bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization Chulalongkorn University
of the infraorbital foramen and the accessory infraorbital foramen with reference to facial bony landmarks: the predicting method and its accuracy.
Authors:   , Suntiruamjairucksa Jiraporn 
Published: September 2023

The infraorbital nerve block is commonly used for mid-facial anesthesia. Therefore, the location of infraorbital foramen (IOF) and accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) where the nerve exits through is important. Although, many studies tried to identify the location of IOF and AIOF using bony and soft tissue landmarks, the results varied in each study. Objectives To determine the location of IOF and AIOF with reference to the line between anterior nasal spine (ANS) and the lowest point of the zygomaticomaxillary junction (Z) which is defined as line A, describe anatomical relationship between IOF and AIOF, and assess an accuracy of the proposed predicting method. Methods A total of 216 skulls were examined. Live images were analyzed under the stereoscopic microscope. For localization of IOF, the vertical distance from IOF to line A (B) and the mean ratio of the distance between ANS and the intersecting point of the vertical line from IOF with line A (D) to distance A were analyzed. If AIOF was identified, all distances were measured similar to IOF. To assess an accuracy of the predicting method, 15 cadavers were studied by measuring the distance error between the predicted and the real foramen. Results There were 86 AIOFs. Most of them located superomedial to IOF except for 3 AIOFs which located in the inferolateral position. The location of IOF was predicted by using the vertical line B which was 15.14 ± 1.99 mm and the mean ratio of distance D to distance A (D:A) which was 63.35 ± 3.9%. For localization of AIOF, the mean vertical distance was 19.34 ± 3.36 mm and the mean ratio was 51.8 ± 5.9%. No statistically significant difference was found between sex and sides. In cadavers, the mean distance error of the predicted IOF was 1.10 ± 1.44 mm lateral and 0.59 ± 1.39 mm inferior to the real IOF and there were 50% of the predicted IOFs that accurately located within the real IOF. Therefore, this study provides an alternative method for localization of IOF and AIOF which could be useful in clinical settings.
Identification of SNP barcode for classify carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and non-CRE using Nanopore sequencing
Authors:   , Sangpiromapichai Nicha 
Published: September 2023

Background: The continuous increase of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) prevalence has been a serious problem for public health worldwide. In the previous study, 25% of 3864 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were carbapenem-resistant. One of the most important risks of bacterial drug resistance is the improper use of antibiotics. The routine antimicrobial-susceptibility test requires overnight and has a turnaround time of approximately 2–3 days which delays the proper antibiotics. This study aims to develop a technique to classify CRE and non-CRE by SNP barcode. Method: Forty Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) clinical isolates were collected from 2020–2021 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Twenty samples were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and 20 samples were not carbapenem-resistant (non-CRKP). Each isolate was sub-cultured at 37°C overnight for DNA extraction, library preparation, and Nanopore sequencing. Then, we assembled the bacterial whole genomes and analyzed their chromosomes by bioinformatic tools, including Snippy and OrthoFinder. Result: The phylogenetic tree generated by the Snippy tool can classify 40 KP clinical isolates into 3 clades. Most of non-CRKPs are in clades 1 and 2, while the CRKPs are mainly in clade 3. However, none of the SNPs is unique and useful in differentiation of CRKP from non-CRKP. Thus, SNP barcode cannot be defined from this study. In contrast, OrthoFinder, which compares amino acid sequences between orthologous genes, can clearly distinguish KPs into 4 clades, 1–2 for CRKPs and 3–4 for non-CRKPs. Two of twenty CRKPs are members of clades 3–4, while only 1 non-CRKP is in clade 1–2. Conclusion: Different tools generate quite different phylogenetic trees. SNPs from KP chromosomal DNA are not very different between CRKP and non-CRKP. In fact, plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, harboring drug-resistant genes, are frequently found in KPs. These can be horizontal transferred and may weaken the association between SNPs in bacterial chromosome and the carbapenem-resistance in KPs.
Modified pre-PCR protocol for detection of bacteria in blood samples of patients with sepsis
Authors:   , Wanthong Phanni 
Published: September 2023

Sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of deaths in hospitals. The most common cause of blood stream infection is bacteria. To reduce mortality, a rapid and accurate bacterial detection in sepsis patients is essential. It is necessary to identify pathogens based on their species for appropriate choice of antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to improve the pre-PCR procedure for detection of bacteria in blood samples and to compare the performance between real-time PCR, conventional PCR and blood culture. Blood samples from 16 sepsis patients were separated into whole blood, plasma, buffy coat and white blood cell. Bacterial nucleic acid was extracted and used to identify whether it is gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria using conventional PCR and real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. Two samples, whole blood and plasma components, were positive by real-time PCR using this protocol but negative by blood culture and conventional PCR. Results were in record with clinical data and therapeutic response. The limit of detection of real-time PCR with probe is 1,000 copies/µl of plasmid DNA. Therefore, blood separation is necessary to improve sensitivity of real-time PCR and TaqMan probe in identifying gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria this may be beneficial for early detection and proper antibiotic selection and may be useful to treat patients with sepsis.
Effects of Strongyloides stercoralis antigens on immune responses in dendritic cells
Authors:   , Sutaveesup Vittawin 
Published: September 2023

Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Infection in the immunocompromised hosts such as organ transplants, SLE patients, or HIV and HIPV infected patients can cause severe strongyloidiasis. Infected patients have high levels of Th2, and Treg related cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β. These cytokines are then decreased to normal levels after the treatments. Parasites have several mechanisms to suppress or evade the host’s immune response, such as suppressing the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), stimulating apoptosis of APCs, or stimulating Th2 and Treg responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems against pathogens by engulfing antigens and presenting to naïve T cells with appropriate cytokines. To understand the mechanisms of S. stercoralis to evade the host’s immune responses, we studied the alteration of antigen presentation process and cytokines productions by DCs stimulated with S. stercoralis antigens. We treated DC2.4 cells with S. stercoralis L3s crude antigen (CA) and measured the expressions of genes related with antigen presentation and cytokine productions by quantitative real-time PCR; including MHC-II, CD40, CD80, TLR-2, TLR-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β. The results showed that the expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, TLR-2, TLR-4 after the stimulation by CA were not significantly different from negative controls. While the expression levels of IL-6 gene were not changed, TNF-α expression levels were significantly increased at 1 hr after CA treatment. Interestingly, the significant up-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-β expression of were detected in DC2.4 treated with CA. Luminex multiplex assays for detection of cytokine productions also showed significantly increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the supernatant collected from DC2.4 treated with CA and excretory-secretory antigens (ES). Unfortunately, cofactor independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) antigen could not induced the IL-10 and TGF-β production from DC2.4. Like CA and ES antigens, iPGM could not induced the TNF-α and IL-6 production from DC2.4. Our results suggested that S. stercoralis modulates the host’s immune responses through induction of Treg response-related cytokines from DCs, including IL-10 and TGF-β. The antigens that play the crucial roles in regulation mechanism is excretory secretory products of S. stercoralis. The iPGM antigen might involve in the suppression of inflammatory responses, but not involved in the regulatory responses. The immunomodulation of the immune responses in the hosts should be complex and related to several antigens from the parasites. Nevertheless, S. stercoralis may have more than one evasion mechanism. Co-culturing between DCs and T cells will give more information about the immunomodulation of S. stercoralis and lead to the development of novel medical treatment for strongyloidiasis.
Production of low trans-fatty acid margarine by Plasma Hydrogenation
Authors:   , Puprasit Kunlanan 
Published: September 2023

Margarine is a widely used raw material in the food and bakery industry. A successfully novel technique for refined palm olein hydrogenation to free trans-fat margarine production using non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma has been demonstrated. The new green method does not use chemicals as a catalyst, thus making it extremely environmentally friendly. This also performs well at room temperature and atmospheric pressure making it easier to manage. Two-electrode arrangement patterns were studied in this research: parallel plate and needle-in-tube. The results showed that using the parallel plate electrodes, 1.44% trans-fat (was detected) and a trans-fat generation rate of only 0.07% per percent reduction in iodine, 6.12 times lower than conventional margarine production methods use chemicals as a catalyst, operated at high temperature and pressure. At the same time, the needle-in-tube electrode arrangement did not detect trans-fats and had a higher reaction rate than the parallel-plate configuration. Zero trans-fat is the main objective of this research study. Thus, the needle-in-tube was more suitable for margarine production by hydrogenation than the parallel-plate configuration. Production estimates were made considering only the cost of raw materials, electricity and H2 gas. The parallel-plate DBD plasma costed 1.56 USD per liter, which was 8.25 times cheaper than the needle-in-tube DBD plasma, which costed 12.87 USD per liter. Consequently, the majority of the cost was electricity. This method was compared to commercially available margarine in Thailand priced at 2.40 – 4.50 USD per liter, demonstrating cost effectiveness. Moreover, the production efficiency can be improved by designing a high voltage, high-frequency power supply with lower power consumption.
The scale development of nursing repositioning practice for bedridden patients, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   , Iblasi Abdul 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to explore, develop and test the psychometric properties of repositioning practice measures among nurses in Saudi hospitals and explores its components' psychometric properties. The study adopted the DeVellis scale development framework. Initially, the study clarifies the concept by literature review and interviewing six experts. Then a pool of 103 items was generated as the first draft. Over two rounds of expert revisions, the experts accept 61 items with content validity index means ( I-CVIs) equal to 0.91 and scale content validity = 0.81. later, the reliability with alpha Cronbach was 0.98. Next, this survey was passed for construct validity. The author distributed it to 306 nurses in Saudi Arabia taking care of bedridden patients at hospitals for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 323 nurses for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

The study shows findings as are followed:

1. The EFA presents four underlying factors with 50 items (preparing 13 items, posturing 18 items, evaluating 6 items, and documenting 13 items) explained around 80.637% of variance.

2. The CFA showed the statistical needs to modified the model to show fit parameters (Chi-square ratio = 1.82, CFI = 0.968, TLI = 0.959, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.023). The tool shows Omega reliability = 0.89.

The Findings exhibited that the repositioning practice scale supports clinical and administrative nursing care in Saudi Arabia. The study found that repositioning practice measurement tools consist of four components: preparing (13 items), posturing (18 items), evaluating (6 items), and documenting ( 13 items).
Predictors of time to hospital among people with colorectal cancer
Authors:   , Tumwijit Saimai 
Published: September 2023

This retrospective, cross-sectional study aims to describe time to hospital, relating factors, and determine predictors of time to hospital among people with colorectal cancer. Multistage random sampling was used to yield a probability of 240 people with colorectal cancer visiting medical and surgical outpatient departments, oncology units, radiology units, endoscopic units, and inpatient departments. Research instruments consisted of personal information sheet, time to colorectal cancer diagnosis questionnaire, knowledge about colorectal cancer questionnaire (KR-20 = .786), The modified illness perception questionnaire-revised (a = .674 - .836), health care seeking behavior questionnaire (a = .706), and perceived seriousness of warning signs and symptoms questionnaire (a =.803). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The results revealed that time to hospital, starting from symptoms perceived to the date of first presentation to a physician in the hospital, ranged from 1 to 632 days, with the median of 32 days (IQR=77). Moreover, knowleadge of colorectal cancer in sub-scale of colorectal cancer screening method (B = -0.243), some sub-scales of cognitive illness perception, including consequence (sub-scale) (B = -0.163), timeline cyclical (sub-scale) (B = 0.176), and healthcare seeking behavior in dimension of self-medicating (B= 0.149) could collectively predict time to hospital among people with colorectal cancer with 48.70 % of the variance.

A further nursing intervention to reduce time to hospital should improve knowledge about the symptoms and screening method, enhance positive illness perceptions, and enhance appropriate healthcare seeking behaviors by early visiting a physician.
Effect of different placement methods on voids formationin class ii cavity restored with bulk-fill resin composite
Authors:   , Siyoputhawong Parinthorn 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate void formation by micro-computed tomography in two-surface Class II cavities restored with two bulk-fill resin composites using different placement methods. Standardized Class II cavities were prepared in forty intact human maxillary first premolar teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups and restored with (n=10): 1) one bulk placement with hand instrument; 2) two-bulk placement with hand instrument; 3) one bulk placement with injectable dispenser; 4) one bulk placement with injectable dispenser and sonic-activated handpiece. Percentage of void formation in the entire restoration was evaluated. Welch's ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc analyses were performed with a significance level of 0.05. One bulk placement with hand instrument (group 1) and two-bulk placement with hand instrument (group 2) had significantly higher percentage of void formation than one bulk placement with injectable dispenser (group 3) and one bulk placement with injectable dispenser and sonic-activated handpiece (group 4). There was no significant difference in percentage of void formation between the hand instrument placement groups (group 1 and group 2) and also between the injectable dispenser groups (group 3 and group 4). In conclusion, different placement methods affected void formation in two-surface Class II cavity restored with bulk-fill resin composite. Placement with hand instrument had significantly higher void formation than placement with injectable dispenser.
The impact of an alkasite restorative material on the ph of a streptococcus mutans biofilm and dentin remineralization: an in vitro study
Authors:   , Wiriyasatiankun Pawinee 
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the effect of an alkasite material on the pH of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and dentin hardness. S. mutans biofilms were formed on a resin composite (FZ) and an alkasite (CN) materials and their pH determined after 24 h. Hydroxide, fluoride and calcium ions released from the materials were determined at 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d. Fourteen human molar teeth were cut horizontally across the middle third of the crown, bisected mesio-distally into two sections and each section divided into two, yielding four quadrants. Quadrant 1 was a sound dentin control, quadrants 2-4 were chemically demineralized, a cylinder of FZ and CN placed on the surfaces of quadrants 2 and 4, respectively. The microhardness of quadrants 1 and 3 were measured at depths of 20, 40, and 60 µm from the occlusal surface, and similarly of quadrants 2 and 4 after 30 days. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney-U, and repeated-measure-ANOVA tests were used for data analysis.The pH of the biofilm on CN (4.45) was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that on FZ (4.06).The quantity of all ions released from CN was significantly higher than from FZ. The hardness of demineralized dentin under CN was significantly higher than that of demineralized dentin at all depths, and higher than that of demineralized dentin under FZ at 20 and 40 µm. In conclusion, CN released hydroxide, fluoride, and calcium ions, which was associated with raising the biofilm pH and the hardness of demineralized dentin.
Anti-inflammatory and regeneration properties of iloprost on inflamed human dental pulp cells model: an in vitro study
Authors:   , Wahyudi Rahman 
Published: September 2023

In the clinical situation, pulp exposure can happen during caries removal procedures. Inflammation can occur on the pulp of the exposed area because of infiltration of bacteria from caries or as a result of pulp reaction to caries removal drilling. When the pulp was exposed during the caries removal procedure, traditional methods to preserve the pulp such as pulp capping and pulpotomy were performed. The ideal treatment outcome of the pulp exposure is to regain the primary structure of tubular dentin as well as maintain the vitality and healthiness of the dental pulp Thus, good dental materials or drugs used for vital tooth therapy should have properties of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and dentin-pulp tissue regenerative capability. Previous studies suggested that iloprost, the analog of prostacyclin, could induce tertiary dentin, boost angiogenesis, increase blood flow, and promote neovascularization, both on healthy human dental pulp cells, and in rat models. However, the role of iloprost on inflammatory control in dental pulp has not been investigated before.This study aimed to develop an inflamed human dental pulp cell model in vitro and employ the model to investigate the anti-inflammatory and promoting tissue regeneration effect of iloprost. To create the inflammation model in vitro, HDPCs were treated by the cocktail of three cytokines; IL-1β, IFN γ, and TNF α. With three different doses of these cytokines in the ratio of 1:10:100 (IL-1β:1ng/ml, TNF α:10 ng/ml, and IFN γ: 100 ng/ml), the viability of the cells was examined by MTT assay and the level of IL-6 and IL-12 was assessed by RT-qPCR. After 6h and 24h, the expression of IL-6 protein was assessed by ELISA assay. After the mimicked inflamed HDPCs model was obtained, iloprost treatment was performed, using iloprost solution with concentrations of 10-6 mol for 6h and 24h. Then, the viability of the cells was examined by MTT assay and the expression level of IL-6 and IL-12 was measured by RT-qPCR, and IL-6 protein expression was assessed by ELISA assay. The results were compared to the control sample which was treated by cytokines cocktail only. The comparison was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9, either with one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis method. The results of this study showed that cytokine cocktail that consist of IL-1β:1ng/ml, TNF α:10 ng/ml, and IFN γ: 100 ng/ml, was not toxic, and could induces the expression of IL-6 robustly and IL-12 on HDPCs. Iloprost treatment was capable to downregulate the expression of IL-6 and IL-12 mRNA but had no significant impact as a cytoprotective agent on HDPCs. In conclusion: This study suggested that cytokine cocktail creates a better acute inflammation model than LPS induced model, and iloprost was capable as an anti-inflammatory agent on inflamed HDPCs. Hence, open the possibility of iloprost to be used as additional vital pulp therapy material.
Efficacy of cannabidiol (cbd) for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers
Authors:   , Umpreecha Chalapinyo 
Published: September 2023

The objectives of this research were 1) To investigate the allergic reactions to cannabidiol (CBD) when used on human skin. 2) To assess local and systemic side effects of CBD when used on normal oral mucosa. 3) To compare the efficacy among 0.1% CBD, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and placebo (pure oral paste) in recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) treatment. This project was composed of 3 phases. Phase 1, a skin patch test was performed on 100 healthy subjects. Phase 2, CBD was applied to normal oral mucosa of 50 healthy subjects 3 times/day for 7 days. Oral examination, vital signs, and blood tests were performed before and after CBD application. No subject had an allergic reaction or side effects to CBD. The vital signs and blood tests were similar before and after CBD administration. Phase 3, 69 RAU patients at the Oral Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University randomly received one of three treatments: CBD, TA, or placebo. The medications were applied to the ulcers 3 times/day for 7 days. The pseudomembranous ulcer and erythematous border size were measured before treatment and on day 2, 5, and 7. Pain ratings were recorded daily. The subjects rated their satisfaction at the last visit and completed a quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-14) at the first and last visit. CBD and TA significantly reduced the pseudomembranous ulcer size more than placebo at all evaluated time points. However, the erythematous border size reduction was significantly higher in the CBD group compared with the placebo group only on day 2, while TA significantly reduced the erythematous border size at all evaluated time points. Pain scores in the CBD group were significantly lower than the placebo group on day 5, whereas TA significantly reduced the pain level more than placebo on day 4, 5, and 7. The subjects receiving CBD reported higher satisfaction compared with placebo, however, the differences were not significant. The OHIP-14 scores among the patients using the three medications were similar. CBD reduces ulcer size and accelerates ulcer healing without side effects. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect at the early stage and an analgesic effect at the late stage of RAU.