bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between APOE genotype and dementia varies by genetic ancestry and race/ethnicity
Authors: Gilmore Marian J , Varga Alexandra M , Schaefer Catherine , Banda Yambazi , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Glymour M. Maria , Weinmann Sheila A , Choquet Hélène , Smith Ning , Gilsanz Paola , Massimino Stefan , Brenowitz Willa D 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSome evidence suggests the effect of APOE genotype on dementia risk may vary by race/ethnicity and genetic ancestral background. We evaluated APOE genotype and associated dementia risk by genetic ancestry, with a focus on expanding research among participants with non‐European ancestry.MethodThe Kaiser Permanente Research Bank (KPRB), one of the largest biobanks in the US, enrolled members of an integrated health system, collected genotyping and health surveys and link to electronic health records (EHR). Genetic ancestry proportions (range 0‐1) were estimated using the program ADMIXTURE. First diagnosis of all‐cause dementia was collected from EHR over a mean follow‐up time of 14.6 years. Logistic regressions evaluated associations of APOE e4 and e2 allele status with dementia adjusted for sex and age. We tested interactions between APOE and race/ethnicity (from self‐report and/or EHR) and separately APOE and genetic ancestry.ResultPreliminary analyses included 180,345 participants (mean age at consent 56.17 years), including 17,356 Asian, 11,595 Black, 926 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 22,663 Hispanic, 3,714 multiracial, and 498 Native American/Alaska Native participants. APOE e4 allele prevalence was highest among Black participants (34%) and lowest among Asian participants (17%). APOE e2 allele prevalence was highest among Black participants (17%) and lowest among Hispanic (8%) and Native American/Alaskan Native (9%) participants. APOE e4 allele (but not APOE e2) significantly interacted with both race/ethnicity and genetic ancestry, although associations were elevated among all groups. The association of APOE e4 with dementia diagnosis (n = 8,288) was strongest among White participants (OR: 1.67; 95%CI:1.59,1.75) and was significantly lower among Black (OR interaction: 0.83; 95%CI:0.69,0.99) and Hispanic participants (OR interaction:0.79; 95%CI:0.65,0.95). Similarly, the association of APOE e4 with dementia increased with higher proportion of European ancestry (OR interaction:1.30, 95%CI:1.13,1.49). The association of APOE e4 allele with dementia was reduced with higher proportion African ancestry (OR interaction:0.71, 95%CI: 0.57,0.90), and Native American ancestry (OR interaction: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.30,0.91).ConclusionIn preliminary analyses, we found APOE e4 allele association with dementia differed by European, African, and American genetic ancestries, which correlated with differences by race/ethnicity. Our findings suggest genetic ancestral background is important when utilizing APOE genotype in determining risk for dementia.
Perceptions and experiences of living with dementia in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Guerchet Maëlenn , Boyer Alexandre , Preux Pierre‐Marie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), the number of people living with dementia is expected to double every 20 years, from 2.7 to 7.6 million. Understanding beliefs, perceptions and experiences relating to dementia, care, and help‐seeking are critical to understanding the nature of the problem and designing research programmes, interventions and services which meet locally defined needs. We carried out a systematic review of the scientific qualitative evidence on the perceptions and experience of living with dementia in SSA.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies (open‐ended in‐depth interviews, focus‐group discussions and ethnographic methods) including people living with dementia (PLWD), family caregivers of PLWD, paid caregivers, healthcare workers, traditional and faith healers with experience of treating PLWD, and community members. The search strategy to identify relevant articles used the search terms “(dementia OR Alzheimers)” AND “(qualitative OR anthrop* OR ethnog* OR cultural OR understand* OR belie* OR experien* OR phenomenol*) AND “(Africa OR sub‐Saharan Africa OR [list of countries included in SSA according to World Bank definition]), in eight databases (PubMed, BiblioInserm, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLE, Web of science, Google Scholar, IENT et DATAD – Database of African Theses and Dissertation). A thematic synthesis approach was then used.ResultThe search retrieved 4967 abstracts. Following abstract screening and full‐text assessment, 16 studies were eligible from 10 different countries (South Africa, Tanzania, Nigeria, Ghana, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Burkina Faso). Overall, there was a lack of awareness of dementia among the community and no equivalent term for dementia was identified in any local languages. Often it was believed that although not experienced by everyone, dementia‐like symptoms were part of “normal ageing”. Participants frequently reported problems with memory and communication as well as problems typically associated with co‐morbidities of old age (pain, sight/hearing problems).ConclusionQualitative evidence regarding dementia perceptions and experiences in African populations remains limited compared to quantitative evidence. Findings suggest that there is a desire to gain a better understanding of the lived experience of dementia, which is essential to design culturally sensitive education, to counteract stigma and to enhance management of the condition.
Self‐awareness of acute post‐stroke cognitive decline
Authors: Caf Kim , Rakusa Martin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPost‐stroke cognitive impairment is a serious complication which could be easily overlooked. Our study aimed to evaluate patients' awareness of post‐stroke cognitive impairment.MethodsWe included 74 patients (40 women) after acute stroke. Cognitive decline was assessed using the self‐reported questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Hachinski Ischaemic Score (HIS). A previously validated cut‐off score of 24/25 [1] was used to determine cognitive impairment. Patients were divided into four groups. Demographic data and MoCA score were compared among four groups using ANOVA.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 68.4 years (SD 14.32), the mean MoCA was 21.8 (SD 5.75), and the mean HIS was 8.1 (SD 2.8). Both self‐reported post‐stroke cognitive impairment incidence and MoCA‐evaluated incidence were 63%. MoCA score significantly correlated with education (r = 0.36; p<0.001) and age (r = ‐0.38; p<0.001), but not with HIS.Thirty‐one patients were aware of their cognitive decline (MoCA 18.2; SD 1), 16 denied cognitive decline despite mean MoCA 20 (SD 1), 16 falsely reported cognitive decline (MoCA 27; SD 0.4), and 11 correctly denied cognitive impairment (MoCA 27, SD 0.4). There were no significant differences between groups in HIS.For self‐reported post‐stroke cognitive impairment, sensitivity was 66%, specificity was 59%, positive predictive value was 66%, and negative predictive value was 59%. The accuracy rate was 57%, and precision 63%.Conclusionsour results demonstrate that cognitive impairment is common in patients after acute stroke. However, self‐awareness is low. Therefore, it is necessary to search for post‐stroke cognitive impairment actively, especially in older, lower‐educated patients.Reference[1] Potocnik J, Ovcar Stante K, Rakusa M (2020) The validity of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) for the screening of vascular cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Belg 120:681‐685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760‐020‐01330‐5
Should the perspective of subjective memory decline differ between cognitively unimpaired individuals and their informants? Baseline results of the BRASCODE Cohort
Authors: Santos Rhaná Carolina , Carnevalli Sarah Vitoria Bristot , De Souza Haniel Bispo , Souza Victória Tizeli , Giordani Manuella Edler Zandoná , da Mota Simone Sieben , De Marchi Bruno De Olive , Formoso Carolina Rodrigues , Rivas Gabriela Raquel Paz , Carvalho Guilherme Da Silva , Beltrami Lucas Bastos , Suwa Samuel Masao , Slaviero Wesley , de Albuquerque Ana Letícia Amorim , Strelow Matheus Zschornack , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Carello‐Collar Giovanna , Chaves Marcia L Fagundes , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Castilhos Raphael Machado 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSubjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is characterized by cognitive complaints in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. Its condition displays considerable heterogeneity etiologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim is to compare the memory complaints between patients with SCD and their informants in the BRASCODE cohort.MethodThe BRASCODE cohort includes CU individuals aged >65 presenting memory complaints and at least one SCD‐plus criteria. The MCS was held separately with both participants and informants. Additionally, baseline sociodemographic and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) data were held. Participants and informant’s concordance regarding patients' memory complaints was assessed using the MCS scale. If both answers were ≥ 7, there was concordance. The continuous variables were described as median (interquartile range, IQR) and categorical variables as frequencies. Scores of the MCS scale ranges from 0 to 14, with scores ≥ 7 indicating complaint; and were compared using Spearman’s rho and Mann‐Whitney test.ResultData were collected between March‐2022 and December‐2023. 143 SCD patients were included (mean age = 69; 72.2% female). The median MCS‐patient and MCS‐informant was 8 and 5, respectively. The patients have a median of 3 SCD‐plus criteria, most with complaints at age ≥ 60 and with concerns regarding memory. The SCD‐patient scale correlated negatively with patient age (rho = ‐0.244; p = 0.003) and positively with informant’s SCD scale (rho = 0.305; p = 0.0002), but not with patient education nor with MMSE results. Most participants (86, 60.1%) and their informants' perceptions disagree about patients' memory decline. The participants in the group with concordant MCS scores had lower education (11 vs 16) and were more balanced in relation to sex (32 [56.1], 71 [82.6]) than the group with discordante responses. The patients' age and MCS were not different between the groups.ConclusionThe baseline results show that most dyads disagreed regarding participants' memory decline. In addition, the presence of informant perception of decline may be a risk factor for a future cognitive decline. The AD biomarkers analysis as well as one and two‐year follow‐ups may yield valuable insights into the correlation between patients' and informants' reported complaints.
Neurocognitive Predictors of Financial Capacity: Exploring Commonalities in Brain Structure and Predictive Value of MRI in Pre‐Dementia Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Le Kayla , Bieger Andrei , Schlickmann Thomas Hugentobler , De Bastiani Marco , Gehres Sarah Wehle , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Zimmer Eduardo R. ,   ADNI
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that financial capacity constitutes a vital component of instrumental activities of daily living. However, there is insufficient research investigating the relationship between financial impairment, brain volume changes and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we examine the association between brain volume changes and financial capacity in cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) individuals.MethodA total of 344 individuals who had completed the Financial Capacity Instrument‐ Short Form (FCI‐ SF) assessment and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were selected. Volume and cortical thickness average were extracted from the MRI images. Table 1 reports demographic information. Linear regression analysis explored associations between the structural brain features and the total FCI‐Score. The model was adjusted for age, gender, education and race. Lastly, stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of financial capacity.ResultMCI individuals performed significantly worse on the FCI‐SF compared to CU individuals (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = ‐ 0.55). Our model indicates that the temporal lobe and parahippocampus are bilaterally associated with the FCI‐Score (Figure 1). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that left parahippocampus thickness (p < 0.05) is a significant predictor for the FCI Score (Figure 1).ConclusionOur results are consistent with earlier research showing changes in financial capacity in pre‐dementia stages, emphasizing important brain structures with potential predictive character. These findings enhance our comprehension of how brain structural changes are linked to deficits in financial skills before dementia and further evidence to consider these as early warning signs for cognitive decline.
Socioeconomic and health‐related disparities associated with healthy brain aging in Latin American countries
Authors: Da Ros Lucas Uglione , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , de Bastiani Marco Antônio , Aguzzoli Cristiano Schaffer , Schilling Lucas Porcello , Santamaría‐García Hernando A , Pascoal Tharick A. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , da Costa Jaderson Costa , Ibáñez Agustín , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Zimmer Eduardo R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLatin American Countries (LACs) have major health‐related inequities due to historical, cultural, and social aspects. These factors have been suggested as important determinants of healthy aging in LACs. Here, we evaluated classic and socioeconomic risk factors for healthy brain aging across five large cohorts of LACs.MethodRisk factors for healthy aging were evaluated using machine‐learning models in 41,092 individuals across five LACs ([Brazil, n = 9,412], Colombia [n = 23,694], Chile [n = 1,301], Ecuador [n = 5,235], and Uruguay [n = 1,450] (Fig. 1A). Healthy brain aging was evaluated using z‐scored cognitive and functional ability data with selected risk factors (Age, Sex, Diabetes, Education, Isolation, House Condition, Hypertension, Heart Disease, Alcohol Consumption, Physical Activity, Smoking, Falls, and Mental Health Problems). The fitness of models was evaluated with Mean Standard Error (MSE) and Raw Mean Standard Error (RMSE) extracted from Ridge Regressions Models (adjusted p<0.05).ResultRegarding cognition, our machine‐learning model with LACs was significant. The most important risk factors were mental health symptoms, education, country, physical activity, alcohol consumption, falls, socioeconomic status, isolation, age, and smoking status. No significant effects of heart disease, hypertension, sex, and diabetes were found (Fig. 1B). The model assessing functionality in LACs was also significant and presented the following order of risk factors: physical activity, mental health symptoms, falls, heart disease, alcohol consumption, diabetes, sex, hypertension, age, SES, education, education, and smoking status. Country and isolation did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 1C).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that social and health disparities outweigh classic risk factors, such as age and sex, for cognitive and functional decline in LACs, highlighting the need to identify risk factors for healthy brain aging in underrepresented populations.
The Strengthening, engaging, and empowering dyads through nutrition & wellness study: a dyadic community‐based nutrition intervention for older adults with diabetes and cognitive impairment
Authors: Ceide Mirnova E , Johnson Samantha , Darapaneni Ruchika , Zwerling Jessica L 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundA meta‐analysis of over 2.3 million individuals in 14 studies showed that individuals with type II diabetes (T2DM) are at a 60% increased risk for development of any dementia compared to those without T2DM. A Whole Food, Plant Based dietary (WFPB) pattern has been associated with lower blood glucose levels and decreased insulin requirements. As older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be dependent on care partners for nourishment, it is imperative to involve the caregiving dyad in a lifestyle intervention. We propose a collaboration between our center of excellence for AD and a community‐based organization (CBO) that empowers people through WFPB nutrition. We will pilot a dyad‐focused nutritional educational series for older adults with T2DM and CI and their care partners in a local senior center.MethodIn this single arm study, we will recruit 2 cohorts (English N = 15 and Spanish N = 15) of older adults (≥65) with T2DM and CI and their care partners to participate in 4 WFPB nutrition classes. Each class consists of: 1 hour of education and 1 hour of a culinary demonstration. We will also include 2 care partner support sessions co‐led by the nutrition facilitator and geriatric social worker at weeks 3 and 6.ResultIn order to establish feasibility, we will assess important baseline characteristics of our participants including: food insecurity, cognition (Telephone MoCA), and multisensory integration (CatchU® mobility application). Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the intervention will be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in debrief interviews. We will evaluate the preliminary efficacy on the intervention dietary pattern (including the MIND diet screen), diabetes self‐efficacy, and diabetes management: mean weekly glucose (logs and continuous glucose monitors).ConclusionWe will engage a high‐risk cohort of older adults with T2DM and CI through an inclusive and pragmatic study design. Rather than developing a novel nutrition intervention, we will leverage two local CBOs to provide the intervention and the location. This project will yield pilot data for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of a dyadic nutrition intervention to improve metabolic health and cognition in older adults at‐risk for AD, especially those with diabetes.
Delphi Method Exploration of Dementia Program Metrics: Preliminary Insights from Expert Panel
Authors: Gholizadeh Shadi , Neal Matthew , Hayes Kirk , Geiss John Mark 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring the effectiveness of dementia care programs is essential for ensuring quality care and aligning with value‐based care principles, especially in practical, real‐world clinical settings. A Delphi method, a consensus‐building approach among experts, was used to identify practical metrics for evaluating dementia programs. The expert panel comprised a clinical psychologist, two healthcare executives, and a physician experienced in person‐centered care for older adults in residential and facility settings.MethodThe Delphi method involved a series of structured questionnaires sent to the panelists. The process began with open‐ended queries regarding crucial outcomes and indicators for dementia care effectiveness. Through iterative rounds, the panel’s collective input was used to hone in on the most relevant and practical metrics for real‐world clinical assessment of dementia programs.ResultThe expert panel reached a consensus on several key metrics, including patient and caregiver satisfaction, efficacy in managing behavioral symptoms, reduction in emergency room visits and hospital admissions, and medication adherence. Additional metrics included health behaviors among patients and caregivers, caregiver perceptions of burden and resilience, and the actual engagement with and utilization of recommended caregiver support and education. A notable discussion point was the mode and frequency of assessing these metrics, with a recognition of the need for parsimony to minimize patient and caregiver burden and practicality and ease of assessment and scoring for non‐clinical medical staff.ConclusionThis Delphi study provided critical insights into relevant metrics for dementia program evaluation. The identified preliminary metrics serve as a foundation for further refinement with a broader expert panel, including considerations for assessment methods and frequency. The ultimate aim is to develop a comprehensive, practical set of metrics that accurately reflects dementia care program quality and impact, catering to the needs of smaller clinical practices. These measures will support continuous improvement and adherence to value‐based care goals, enhancing dementia care quality across diverse clinical settings.
Clinical and epidemiological baseline characterization of dementia cases in a specialized center in Recife
Authors: de Luna Mariana Albuquerque , Negri Camila Oliveira , Lima Bruna Cristina de Oliveira , de Albuquerque João Augusto de Macedo Cavalcanti , Moutinho Bárbara Nascimento , Júnior Ilo de Vasconcelos Ximenes , Silva Mariana Leandro , da Silva Tatiana Caldas Neves , Queiroz Barbara Matos Almeida , Barbosa Breno José Alencar Pires 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionDementia numbers are increasing rapidly with a substantial contribution from low and middle‐income countries. There’s a limited number of reports in Brazil, mostly modest initiatives from south‐eastern, more developed regions. With a population of approximately 1.6 million individuals, Recife is among the largest cities of Northeast Brazil, a region of steep social disparities and high prevalence of low‐literacy. The aim of this study was to describe the sample of patients followed at a dementia outpatient clinic in a tertiary center in RecifeMethodsthis is a single‐center, descriptive and health records‐based analysis of patients evaluated in the dementia outpatient clinic of the Neurology and Neurosurgery Unit at the Federal University of Pernambuco between 2018 – 2023.Results168 medical records were analyzed, of which 137 met the inclusion criteria. 44.59% were male, with a mean age of 66 years. 29.3% of the sample had 8 to 11 years of formal education. On the other hand, 21.7% were illiterate. The mean baseline score on the Mini‐Mental score was 17. Alzheimer’s disease was the most frequent diagnosis (25%), followed by frontotemporal dementia (9.46%), Lewy body disease (4.05%) and Pure Vascular dementia (4.05%). The woman’s main caregiver was her offspring (79%). The man´s main caregiver was his partner (84%). 44% of the sample had hypertension and diabetes (25%). 20% were alcoholic and 19% were smokers. The average follow‐up time for severe dementia was 30.4 months. 66.4% of our sample underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 16% had access to molecular imaging methods.Conclusionpatients referred for evaluation were mostly in moderate to advanced stages of dementia, with a significant prevalence of mixed‐type and non‐Alzheimer’s pathologies. This data could suggest a referral bias and poor access to specialized clinics. Despite a modest sample size and heterogeneous data, the present study may contribute towards a better characterization of dementia numbers in the Northeast of Brazil.