bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise cooperative sulfur placement leads to semi-crystallinity and selective depolymerisability in CS2/oxetane copolymers
Authors: Fornacon-Wood Christoph , Manjunatha Bhargav R. , Stühler Merlin R. , Gallizioli Cesare , Müller Carsten , Pröhm Patrick , Plajer Alex J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCS2 promises easy access to degradable sulfur-rich polymers and insights into how main-group derivatisation affects polymer formation and properties, though its ring-opening copolymerisation is plagued by low linkage selectivity and small-molecule by-products. We demonstrate that a cooperative Cr(III)/K catalyst selectively delivers poly(dithiocarbonates) from CS2 and oxetanes while state-of-the-art strategies produce linkage scrambled polymers and heterocyclic by-products. The formal introduction of sulfur centres into the parent polycarbonates results in a net shift of the polymerisation equilibrium towards, and therefore facilitating, depolymerisation. During copolymerisation however, the catalyst enables near quantitative generation of the metastable polymers in high sequence selectivity by limiting the lifetime of alkoxide intermediates. Furthermore, linkage selectivity is key to obtain semi-crystalline materials that can be moulded into self-standing objects as well as to enable chemoselective depolymerisation into cyclic dithiocarbonates which can themselves serve as monomers in ring-opening polymerisation. Our report demonstrates the potential of cooperative catalysis to produce previously inaccessible main-group rich materials with beneficial chemical and physical properties.
Hippocampal ensemble dynamics and memory performance are modulated by respiration during encoding
Authors: Nakamura Nozomu H. , Furue Hidemasa , Kobayashi Kenta , Oku Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring offline brain states, such as sleep and memory consolidation, respiration coordinates hippocampal activity. However, the role of breathing during online memory traces remains unclear. Here, we show that respiration can be recruited during online memory encoding. Optogenetic manipulation was used to control activation of the primary inspiratory rhythm generator PreBötzinger complex (PreBötC) in transgenic mice. When intermittent PreBötC-induced apnea covered the object exploration time during encoding, novel object detection was impaired. Moreover, the mice did not exhibit freezing behavior during presentation of fear-conditioned stimuli (CS+) when PreBötC-induced apnea occurred at the exact time of encoding. This apnea did not evoke changes in CA3 cell ensembles between presentations of CS+ and conditioned inhibition (CS−), whereas in normal breathing, CS+ presentations produced dynamic changes. Our findings demonstrate that components of central respiratory activity (e.g., frequency) during online encoding strongly contribute to shaping hippocampal ensemble dynamics and memory performance.
Loss of N-terminal acetyltransferase A activity induces thermally unstable ribosomal proteins and increases their turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Guzman Ulises H. , Aksnes Henriette , Ree Rasmus , Krogh Nicolai , Jakobsson Magnus E. , Jensen Lars J. , Arnesen Thomas , Olsen Jesper V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProtein N-terminal (Nt) acetylation is one of the most abundant modifications in eukaryotes, covering ~50-80 % of the proteome, depending on species. Cells with defective Nt-acetylation display a wide array of phenotypes such as impaired growth, mating defects and increased stress sensitivity. However, the pleiotropic nature of these effects has hampered our understanding of the functional impact of protein Nt-acetylation. The main enzyme responsible for Nt-acetylation throughout the eukaryotic kingdom is the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA. Here we employ a multi-dimensional proteomics approach to analyze Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking NatA activity, which causes global proteome remodeling. Pulsed-SILAC experiments reveals that NatA-deficient strains consistently increase degradation of ribosomal proteins compared to wild type. Explaining this phenomenon, thermal proteome profiling uncovers decreased thermostability of ribosomes in NatA-knockouts. Our data are in agreement with a role for Nt-acetylation in promoting stability for parts of the proteome by enhancing the avidity of protein-protein interactions and folding.
Evidence for baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxy–ellipticity correlations
Authors: Xu Kun , Jing Y. P. , Zhao Gong-Bo , Cuesta Antonio J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe baryon acoustic oscillation feature in the clustering of galaxies or quasars provides a ‘standard ruler’ for distance measurements in cosmology. In this work, we report a 2–3σ signal of the baryon acoustic oscillation dip feature in the galaxy density–ellipticity cross-correlation functions using the spectroscopic sample of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey CMASS, combined with the deep Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys for precise galaxy shape measurements. We measure the galaxy–ellipticity correlation functions and model them using the linear alignment model. We constrain the distance DV/rd to redshift 0.57 to a precision of 3–5%, depending on the details of modelling. The galaxy–ellipticity measurement reduces the uncertainty of distance measurement by ~10% on top of that derived from the galaxy–galaxy correlation. More importantly, for future large and deep galaxy surveys, the independent galaxy–ellipticity measurements can help sort out the systematics in the baryon acoustic oscillation studies.
The photometric variability of massive stars due to gravity waves excited by core convection
Authors: Anders Evan H. , Lecoanet Daniel , Cantiello Matteo , Burns Keaton J. , Hyatt Benjamin A. , Kaufman Emma , Townsend Richard H. D. , Brown Benjamin P. , Vasil Geoffrey M. , Oishi Jeffrey S. , Jermyn Adam S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMassive stars die in catastrophic explosions that seed the interstellar medium with heavy elements and produce neutron stars and black holes. Predictions of the explosion’s character and the remnant mass depend on models of the star’s evolutionary history. Models of massive star interiors can be empirically constrained by asteroseismic observations of gravity wave oscillations. Recent photometric observations reveal a ubiquitous red noise signal on massive main sequence stars; a hypothesized source of this noise is gravity waves driven by core convection. We present three-dimensional simulations of massive star convection extending from the star’s centre to near its surface, with realistic stellar luminosities. Using these simulations, we predict the photometric variability due to convectively driven gravity waves at the surfaces of massive stars, and find that gravity waves produce photometric variability of a lower amplitude and lower characteristic frequency than the observed red noise. We infer that the photometric signal of gravity waves excited by core convection is below the noise limit of current observations, and thus the red noise must be generated by an alternative process.
Late Pleistocene 100-kyr glacial cycles paced by precession forcing of summer insolation
Authors: Hobart Bethany , Lisiecki Lorraine E. , Rand Devin , Lee Taehee , Lawrence Charles E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate variability over the past 800,000 years has long been described as being dominated by ~100-kyr glacial cycles, and researchers have debated whether these glacial cycles were driven by Earth’s orbital cycles of eccentricity, obliquity and precession. Some recent studies have suggested that these ~100-kyr glacial cycles are best characterized as groupings of two or three 41-kyr obliquity cycles; however, age uncertainties have made it difficult to distinguish whether the dramatic changes in ice-sheet size were more associated with 41-kyr obliquity or ~23-kyr precession cycles. We compare the impacts of obliquity and precession on glacial cycles using improved age estimates to analyse orbital phases during the onset of glacial terminations. Terminations are dated using a 640-kyr multiproxy stack of eight North Atlantic benthic δ18O records with well-constrained probabilistic age estimates derived from correlating North Atlantic ice-rafted debris to instances of abrupt Asian monsoon variability in high-resolution 230Th-dated speleothems. Rayleigh’s R statistics for the precession and obliquity phases of terminations demonstrate that, although both have statistically significant effects, the precession phase is more predictive of termination onset, particularly for the largest events. Thus, we conclude that Late Pleistocene ice sheets were sensitive to the precession forcing of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation intensity.
Landscape of mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex perturbations in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Valencia Alfredo M. , Sankar Akshay , van der Sluijs Pleuntje J. , Satterstrom F. Kyle , Fu Jack , Talkowski Michael E. , Vergano Samantha A. Schrier , Santen Gijs W. E. , Kadoch Cigall 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDNA sequencing-based studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified a wide range of genetic determinants. However, a comprehensive analysis of these data, in aggregate, has not to date been performed. Here, we find that genes encoding the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein complexes harbor the greatest number of de novo missense and protein-truncating variants among nuclear protein complexes. Non-truncating NDD-associated protein variants predominantly disrupt the cBAF subcomplex and cluster in four key structural regions associated with high disease severity, including mSWI/SNF-nucleosome interfaces, the ATPase-core ARID-armadillo repeat (ARM) module insertion site, the Arp module and DNA-binding domains. Although over 70% of the residues perturbed in NDDs overlap with those mutated in cancer, ~60% of amino acid changes are NDD-specific. These findings provide a foundation to functionally group variants and link complex aberrancies to phenotypic severity, serving as a resource for the chromatin, clinical genetics and neurodevelopment communities.
Philanthropy in art: locality, donor retention, and prestige
Authors: Shekhtman Louis Michael , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA significant portion of funding for art comes from foundations, representing a key revenue stream for most art organizations. Little is known, however, about the quantitative patterns that govern art funding, limiting the fundraising efficiency of organizations in need of resources, as well as optimal funding allocation of donors. To address these shortcomings, here we relied on the IRS e-file dataset to identify $36B in grants from 46,643 foundations to 48,766 art recipients between 2010 and 2019, allowing us to quantify donor-recipient relationships in art. We find that philanthropic giving is broadly distributed, following a stable power-law distribution, indicating that some funders give considerably and predictably more than others. Giving is highly localized, with 60% of grants and funds going to recipients in the donor’s state. Furthermore, donors often support multiple local organizations that offer distinct artforms, rather than advancing a particular subarea within art. Donor retention is strong, with nearly 70% of relationships continuing the next year. Finally, we explored the role of institutional prestige in foundation giving, finding that funding does correlate with prestige, with notable exceptions. Our results present the largest and most comprehensive data-driven exploration of giving by foundations to art to date, unveiling multiple insights that could benefit both donors and recipients.
Noncanonical functions of Ku may underlie essentiality in human cells
Authors: Kelly Rachel D. , Parmar Gursimran , Bayat Laila , Maitland Matthew E. R. , Lajoie Gilles A. , Edgell David R. , Schild-Poulter Caroline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Ku70/80 heterodimer is a key player in non-homologous end-joining DNA repair but is involved in other cellular functions like telomere regulation and maintenance, in which Ku’s role is not fully characterized. It was previously reported that knockout of Ku80 in a human cell line results in lethality, but the underlying cause of Ku essentiality in human cells has yet to be fully explored. Here, we established conditional Ku70 knockout cells using CRISPR/Cas9 editing to study the essentiality of Ku70 function. While we observed loss of cell viability upon Ku depletion, we did not detect significant changes in telomere length, nor did we record lethal levels of DNA damage upon loss of Ku. Analysis of global proteome changes following Ku70 depletion revealed dysregulations of several cellular pathways including cell cycle/mitosis, RNA related processes, and translation/ribosome biogenesis. Our study suggests that the driving cause of loss of cell viability in Ku70 knockouts is not linked to the functions of Ku in DNA repair or at telomeres. Moreover, our data shows that loss of Ku affects multiple cellular processes and pathways and suggests that Ku plays critical roles in cellular processes beyond DNA repair and telomere maintenance to maintain cell viability.
Parental burnout and borderline personality stand out to predict child maltreatment
Authors: Schittek Alice , Roskam Isabelle , Mikolajczak Moïra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParental burnout is a severe disorder resulting from the exposure to chronic stress in the parental role, that can translate into neglectful and violent parental behaviors towards the offspring. This study (N = 1003 parents) aims to examine the relative weight of parental burnout, job burnout, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, borderline personality, sadism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and child abuse potential, in predicting violence and neglect towards the offspring. Social desirability was controlled. When all predictors are entered together in the model, violence and neglect towards the offspring are best predicted by borderline personality and parental burnout. Our results also indicate that sadism is a robust predictor of violence, however weaker than parental burnout and borderline personality. These results emphasize the importance of preventing parental burnout and supporting parents with borderline personality.
Predicting compressive strength of eco-friendly plastic sand paver blocks using gene expression and artificial intelligence programming
Authors: Iftikhar Bawar , Alih Sophia C. , Vafaei Mohammadreza , Javed Muhammad Faisal , Rehman Muhammad Faisal , Abdullaev Sherzod Shukhratovich , Tamam Nissren , Khan M. Ijaz , Hassan Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed that the sand grain size and percentage of fibres play an essential part in compressive strength. It was estimated that they contributed almost 50% of the total. The outcomes of this research have the potential to promote the reuse of PSPB in the building of green environments, hence boosting environmental protection and economic advantage.
3D assessment of the nasolabial region in cleft models comparing an intraoral and a facial scanner to a validated baseline
Authors: Olmos Manuel , Matta Ragai , Buchbender Mayte , Jaeckel Fabian , Nobis Christopher-Philipp , Weber Manuel , Kesting Marco , Lutz Rainer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe aimed to validate the metric accuracy of a 3-dimensional (3D) facial scanner (FS) and an intraoral scanner (IOS) in capturing the nasolabial region in ex vivo unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) models. The nasolabial region of 10 UCLP models was scanned using a 3D FS as well as an IOS and a previously validated stationary 3D scanner as a reference. Intraoral scan was performed directly on the UCLP models. In order to apply the FS on the models, they were embedded in a 3D printed sample face. Both test groups were aligned to the reference by applying a section-based best-fit algorithm. Subsequent analysis of the metric deviation from the reference was performed with a 3D analysis tool. Mean distance and integrated distance served as main parameters for surface and volume comparison. Point comparison served as an additional parameter. Statistical analysis was carried out using t-test for unconnected samples. Considering mean distance and integrated distance as main parameters for 3D evaluation of the scanner’s accuracy, FS and IOS differ significantly in their metric precision in scanning the cleft model compared to the reference. The IOS proved to be significantly more accurate than the FS compared to the previously described stationary 3D scanner as reference and validated baseline. Further validation of the tested IOS and FS for 3D assessment of the nasolabial region is presented by adding the previously validated ATOS III Triple Scan blue light scanner as a reference. The IOS shows, compared to a validated baseline scan, significantly higher metric precision in experimental cleft model scanning. The collected data provides a basis for clinical application of the IOS for 3D assessment of the nasolabial region.
Ecological interactions affect the bioactivity of medicinal plants
Authors: Camina Julia L. , Usseglio Virginia , Marquez Victoria , Merlo Carolina , Dambolena José S. , Zygadlo Julio A. , Ashworth Lorena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEssential oils produced by medicinal plants possess important bioactive properties (antibacterial, antioxidant) of high value for human society. Pollination and herbivory can modify the chemical defences of plants and therefore they may influence the bioactivity of essential oils. However, the effect of ecological interactions on plant bioactivity has not yet been evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that cross-pollination and simulated herbivory modify the chemical composition of essential oils, improving the bioactive properties of the medicinal plant Lepechinia floribunda (Lamiaceae). Through controlled experiments, we showed that essential oils from the outcrossed plant progeny had a higher relative abundance of oxygenated terpenes and it almost doubled the bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus, compared to inbred progeny (i.e., progeny produced in absence of pollinators). Herbivory affected negatively and positively the production of rare compounds in inbred and outcrossed plants, respectively, but its effects on bioactivity still remain unknown. We show for the first time that by mediating cross-pollination (indirect ecosystem service), pollinators can improve ecosystem services linked to the biological activity of plant’s essential oils. We stress the importance of the qualitative component of pollination (self, cross); an aspect usually neglected in studies of pollination services.
New paleomagnetic results from Neogene to Quaternary volcanic rocks of north of the Lake Van, Eastern Turkey
Authors: Kayın Sercan , İşseven Turgay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Eastern Anatolia is an active tectonic region where the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates take place. Due to the subduction of Arabian plate’s oceanic lithosphere under Eurasian plate, widespread volcanism observed in large areas began in Serravallian. There is no consensus in the literature for the tectonic evolution of the region. Therefore, there are many geological and geophysical studies conducted with the intention of explaining the tectonic evolution of Eastern Anatolia by geodynamic models. Our paleomagnetism study aims to reveal the tectonic rotations in order to better understand the development of the prevailing tectonism in the region from the volcanic rocks. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from 86 sites of the Late Miocene–Pleistocene volcanic rocks located at the north of Lake Van. Isothermal remanent magnetization studies show that magnetite is the mineral responsible for magnetization in most rocks, while both magnetite and hematite are responsible for the rest of the rocks. Curie temperatures and alteration degrees of rock samples were also determined by high-temperature susceptibility (HTS) studies. In some samples, titanomagnetite component was observed in the heating phase of the HTS measurements. The absence of this component in the cooling step indicates that Ti-magnetite is transformed into magnetite by alteration. The Pleistocene volcanics show counterclockwise rotation of R ± ΔR = 13.4° ± 3.8°. The Pliocene volcanic rocks were defined in four different groups: south of Erciş Fault, north of Erciş Fault, around Muradiye and north of Van. Also, the remarkable clockwise rotation is observed in the north of Van and near Muradiye R ± ΔR = 24.4° ± 17.0° and R ± ΔR = 6.9° ± 9.4°, respectively. In addition, counterclockwise rotation (R ± ΔR = 14.5° ± 6.1°) is obtained in the southern part of the Erciş Fault, while there is no significant rotation (R ± ΔR = 0.6° ± 7.4°) on the northern side. Late Miocene volcanic rocks show no significant rotation either (R ± ΔR = 1.8° ± 13.7°). Our new paleomagnetic results indicate that the left-lateral strike-slip Çakırbey Fault, located to the east of the Erciş fault and extending roughly in the northeast–southwest direction, may be active.