bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment of rolling friction characteristic of organic fertilizer particle based on high-speed photography
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Guanghui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The physical properties of organic fertilizer particle, including the dimension feature, density, Poisson’s rate, shear modulus, coefficient of restitution, coefficient of static fraction, and coefficient of rolling fraction are vital to the design of the drum and the simulation of its working process. There have been many relative studies on them, but no mature theory and accurate method to measure the coefficient of rolling friction has been developed. Only one method based on the principle of conservation of energy gave some enlightenment on the way to achieve it.
The experimental materials included several selected organic fertilizer particle, an angle adjustable frame of rail, and two rails which were made of steel, and organic fertilizer particle respectively. The main testing equipment was the Phantom v9.1 high-speed camera, which was produced by Vision Research. The frame rate used in the experiment was 1 000 fps.
According to the results of the experiment, the coefficient of rolling friction of different moisture content organic fertilizer particle against steel, and organic fertilizer particle are known as y = 0.0004𝑥2 − 0.0014𝑥 + 0.0246 𝑅2 = 0.9998 , y = 0.0004𝑥2 − 0.001𝑥 + 0.1521 𝑅2 =0.9983 respectively. The data measured can be used for design drum and simulation analysis.
On the observation of distant objects in general relativity and its implications in cosmology
Authors: Caby Théophile 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We carry out a careful analysis of the notion of observation of distant objects in a curved static universe. To this end, we introduce an observer-based representation referential endowed with a Euclidean structure, and postulate that all measurement are performed with respect to this reference frame. For a universe of constant positive spatial curvature, this causes a distortion of metric quantities which grows with the distance to the observer. In this context, the redshift of cosmological objects is not caused by their recessions, but instead by the spatial curvature along the trajectory of photons from the emitting source to the observer. Applying these considerations to the Einstein’s static universe, we obtain a red-shift/distance relationship that is consistent with cosmological measurements. We show that this effect also explains the existence of a Cosmic Microwave Background whose characteristics agree with the observations of the Planck mission. Furthermore, this model predicts the abundance of well-formed galactic structures in the high redshift universe, which were recently detected by the JWST.
Optical properties of 1D quasiperiodic structures containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Eyni Zahra , Milanchian Karim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The optical properties of quasiperiodic structures as Fibonacci, Thu-Morse, and Cantor sequences containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial have been investigated using the transfer matrix method and the effective medium theory at THz region. The hyperbolic metamaterial layers were considered as a homogeneous anisotropic medium with their optical axis is tilted with respect to the interface of the layers. It is shown that these structures may have some band gaps in both the hyperbolic and elliptical frequency region. Moreover, the effects of the hyperbolic metamaterial layers optical axis orientation, and the graphen surface conductivity on the transmission and absorption properties are discussed. It is found that the transmission and absorption of all selected structures for both TE and TM polarizations are different. Also, the transmission and absorption for TM polarization depend on both graphene chemical potential and optical axis orientation of the hyperbolic metamaterial layers. However, in the TE polarization case, these optical properties of these structures only depend on graphene chemical potential. These interesting results may be used to design controllable terahertz polarizers or filters.
Effect Of Closing Processus Vaginalis In Orchidopexy To Recurrence And Testicular Atrophy – 15 Years Follow-Up
Authors: KUAS Nilsun , ATEŞ Ufuk , ERGÜN Ergun , MAMMADLI Aysel , KÖKSALDI İrem Semiha , ATASOY Atike , BAHADIR Gülnur GÖLLÜ , KOLOĞLU Meltem BİNGÖL , YAĞMURLU Emin Aydın , ÇAKMAK Ahmet Murat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Undescended testis is one of the most common pathologies encountered by pediatric surgeons. In traditional orchidopexy operation, PPV is dissected from testicular vessels and spermatic cord. In this study, it was aimed to compare the results of undescended testis patients with and without PPV closure in terms of recurrence and atrophy
Methods: After the approval of the local ethics committee, patients who were operated for undescended testis between January 2007 and December 2022 were evaluated. Patients were determined in two groups. first group was with PPV ligation (n=171), second group was without PPV ligation (n=1637).
Results: Inguinal hernia was not observed after operation in 15 years of follow-up. There were 23 recurrences (%13,4) in group 1 and 48 recurrences (%2,9) in group 2. According to the preoperative evaluation; A decrease in testicular size was detected in 5 patients (2.9%) in Group 1 and 8 patients (0.4%) in Group 2 in the postoperative follow-up.
Conclusion: There is no need to ligate the PPV with additional dissection and open the external oblique fascia if it is predicted that the spermatic cord and testicular vessels may come to scrotum without tension in patients who underwent orchiopexy surgery.
Key Words: undescended testis, orchidopexy, processus vajinalis
Numerical investigation of turbulent natural convection in a round bottom flask using a hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Baiti Adel , Salhi Hicham , Chafai Nadjib 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we conducted a numerical investigation of the turbulent natural convection of a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) in a flask equipped with an agitator, which is commonly used in organic chemistry synthesis. The bottom wall and the middle section of the flask were maintained at a constant high temperature Th, while the upper, left, and right walls up to the middle of the flask were kept at a low temperature Tc. The HNF consisted of Graphene (Gr) and Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles (NP) dispersed in pure water. The governing equations were solved numerically using the finite size approach and formulated using the Boussinesq approximation. The effects of the NP volume fraction 𝜑 (ranging from 0–6%), the Rayleigh number Ra (ranging from 104 to 106), and the Nusselt number were investigated in this simulation. The results indicated that the heat transfer is noticeably influenced by the Ra number and the increase in the 𝜑 ratio. Additionally, the agitator rotation speed had a slight effect on the heat transfer.
Design and implementation of a routing protocol for VANET to improve the QoS of the Network
Authors: pal Tumpa , Saha Ramesh , Biswas Suparna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Wireless communication Technology is very fast emerging for deploying and developing new as well as traditional applications. Most people are doing research on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) is a part of IoV, It scopes to reach internet access to make use of the available service on the road along with the improvement in safety, convenience and comfort or even entertainment. While travelling has become a very popular area of research as it lay the foundation for the intelligent transportation system. In VANET, the mobility of the vehicle is high hence the network is dynamic. Therefore, the connectivity between the two vehicles and the roadside unit (RSU) keeps changing, increasing the links and reducing the network quality of Service (QoS).In this context, a more effective routing protocol is needed that would be improved the VANET quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, a routing protocol is designed and implemented to improve the QoS of the VANET network. Here the VANET packet is routed to the destination using multiple Onboard unit (OBU) of vehicles and roadside units (RSU). The proposed process is simulated using MATLAB 2022a and shows the performance of the improvement of QoS parameters like end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), normalized routing load (NRL), energy usage (EU) and throughput is better than the previously implemented routing protocol such as SDIoV (SDN Enabled Routing for Internet of Vehicles), and well-known protocol AODV.
A Categorical Archive of ChatGPT Failures
Authors: Borji ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Large language models have been demonstrated to be valuable in different fields. ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, has been trained using massive amounts of data and simulates human conversation by comprehending context and generating appropriate responses. It has garnered significant attention due to its ability to effectively answer a broad range of human inquiries, with fluent and comprehensive answers surpassing prior public chatbots in both security and usefulness. However, a comprehensive analysis of ChatGPT’s failures is lacking, which is the focus of this study. Eleven categories of failures, including reasoning, factual errors, math, coding, and bias, are presented and discussed. The risks, limitations, and societal implications of ChatGPT are also highlighted. The goal of this study is to assist researchers and developers in enhancing future language models and chatbots. Please refer to here for the list of questions.
Price of Anarchy of Traffic Assignment with Exponential Cost Functions
Authors: Qiao Jianglin , de Jonge Dave , Du Bo , Zhang Dongmo , Simoff Simeon , Sierra Carles 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The advancement of technologies for autonomous vehicles (AVs) provides great potential for intelligent traffic control and management in the future. The deployment of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications enable traffic control on road segments, intersections or regional road networks with more options, either centralized or decentralized. However, choosing these options is not purely technical but a trade-off between autonomous decision-making and system optimization. One useful quantitative criterion for such a trade-off is the price of anarchy (PoA) of autonomous decision-making. This paper analyses the price of anarchy for road networks with traffic of autonomous vehicles. We model a traffic network as a routing game in which vehicles are selfish agents who choose routes to travel autonomously to minimize travel delays caused by road congestion. Unlike existing research in which the latency function of road congestion was based on polynomial functions like the well-known BPR function, we focus on routing games where an exponential function can specify the latency of road traffic. We first calculate a tight upper bound for the price of anarchy for this class of games and then compare this result with the tight upper bound of the PoA for routing games with the BPR latency function. The comparison shows that as long as the traffic volume is lower than the road capacity, the tight upper bound of the PoA of the games with the exponential function is lower than the corresponding value with the BPR function. Finally, numerical results based on real-world traffic data demonstrate that the exponential function can approximate road latency as close as the BPR function with even tighter exponential parameters, which results in a relatively lower upper bound.
Few-shot X-ray Prohibited-item Detection Based on Multi-scale Feature Fusion and Sample Balancing
Authors: Ni Qianwen , Song Yonghong , Zhang Yuanlin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Few-Shot Learning (FSL) aims to tackle machine learning tasks with limited data and has garnered widespread attention. Previous research has demonstrated that few-shot object detection methods based on model fine-tuning yield strong performance. However, the fine-tuning-based few-shot object detection approach also has its drawbacks: (1) limited learning ability on complex datasets, (2) high variability of a few samples during the fine-tuning phase often resulting in unstable performance, and (3) poor generalization of the model due to under-utilization of the visual features of a few samples. In this paper, we focus on X-ray security inspection of prohibited items as our research context. Firstly, we propose a sample balancing module that differs from random sampling by dividing the sampling interval into IOU values for uniform sampling, which helps uncover highly valuable challenging samples. Secondly, we introduce a multi-scale feature fusion module that enhances multi-level features by utilizing the same depth of fused balanced semantic information. This approach addresses the high variability of a small number of samples, leading to more accurate localization. Our method performs well across multiple shot settings on the PASCAL VOC, COCO, and X-ray prohibited items datasets, such as UNICOMP, with an increase of 8.8% to 27.9% in UNICOMP, outperforming most state-of-the-art methods.
Tannery effluent treatment and its environmental impact: a review of current practices and emerging technologies
Authors: Bhardwaj Arpit , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Davinder 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The tannery industry plays a significant role in the economy but poses a severe environmental threat due to its high water and chemical usage, leading to wastewater generation with a high concentration of pollutants. This wastewater contains a range of contaminants created throughout the leather manufacturing process, making effluent disposal a significant challenge for the industry. The tanning process also contributes significantly to the pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of T Cr, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cl−, sulfate, sulfide, and inorganic constituents in the wastewater. This review paper provides a concise overview of the origins and characteristics of post-tanning effluent, different treatment techniques, and applications of treated wastewater. Comparing the prominent tannery effluent technologies, adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) effectively improved wastewater biodegradability before biological treatment. AOPs, enzymatic, adsorption, and coagulation treatment effectively upgraded the effluent to desired levels for disposal. Additionally, membrane separation processes have shown high pertinency in cases where the treated effluent is intended for reuse, whereas hybrid technologies can be the answer for better and cost-effective results.
Caveolae’s Behavior in Norm and Pathology
Authors: Abdullah Marzoog Basheer 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Caveolins are universal multifunctional physiologically active microparticles that collaborate in the caveolae formation to maintain the metabolic homeostatic balance of the cells. In fact, remarkable advances in the molecular biopathology of caveolae have been made in recent years by exploring the role of caveolae in norm and physiopathology.

Methods:
The current literature data on the caveolae behavior in norm and pathology were revised.

Results:
Caveolae are expressed in various cell types, highly concentrated in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and epithelial cells. Physiologically, caveolae contribute to maintaining a signaling balance between the various homeostatic processes, including pro-growth and pro-survival, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, PKA, SFK, PKC, Akt through regulation of tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and MAPK pathways, and their signaling dysfunction is directly attributed to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, regeneration inhibition, neurodegenerative diseases, infection, osteoporosis, diabetes, and tumour induction and progression.

Conclusion:
Regulation of the ratio and penetrance of caveolae activity/expression is a clinically significant potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the current therapies and eliminate the etiopathogenetic pathway of rising homeostatic disorders.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Profile and Follow-up: North Emirate
Hospitals’ Experience
Authors: Osman Ghofran , Yousef Areen , Jhancy Malay , Dana Sarmini , Sekhar Kar Subhranshu 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in children and adolescents due to insulin deficiency. The disease is more common below 19 years of age with two peaks of incidence, one at 4-6 years and the other peak at early puberty (10-14 years). There is a gradual increase in the incidence of type 1 DM and a rise in incidence at 10,200 cases per year in the Middle East. Chronic type-1 diabetic patients develop microvascular and macrovascular complications.

Methods:
The present retrospective cross-sectional study aims to describe the experience on the clinical profile, morbidity profile, and comorbidities of Type1 DM in children below 15 years of age admitted to the SAQR and Fujairah hospitals in the Northern part of United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019. The study material was the digital medical records of children below 15 years who got admitted to emergency and pediatric wards with type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in SAQR and Fujairah hospitals.

Results:
Total admissions during the study period were 98. At the time of diagnosis, 12.2% of children were below five years of age, whereas 87.75% were more than five years. All 98 children were UAE nationals, of which 52% were males and 48% were females. 50% of our study population has a strong family history of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, of which 12.2% of siblings of the study population had T1DM. The first symptoms in 58% and 57% of children were polyuria and polydipsia. Among 90 % of children under follow-up for three years, one child developed microalbuminuria, three developed systolic hypertension, and 8% were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions:
The present study highlights the need for future prospective studies in the UAE to know the actual burden of the disease with an emphasis on early screening.
Performance of Green Desymmetrization Methods toward Bioactive
Cephalostatin Analogues
Authors: Nawasreh Mansour , Tahtamouni Lubna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Since the discovery of cephalostatins, which have shown remarkable activity
against human cancer cells, they have attracted the attention of researchers to target the
synthesis of such impressive, complicated molecules using the green desymmetrization
approach. In the current review, we report the progress in the desymmetrization of symmetrical
bis-steroidal pyrazines (BSPs) as an approach toward potentially active anti--
cancer agents, namely cephalostatins/ ritterazines. The achievement of synthesizing a
gram-scaled prodrug with comparable activity to the potent natural cephalostatins using
green methods is our primary target. These synthetic methods can be scaled up based on
the symmetrical coupling (SC) of two steroidal units of the same type. Our secondary target
is the discovery of new green pathways that help in structural reconstruction programming
toward the total synthesis of at least one potentially active family member. The
strategy is based on functional group interconversions with high flexibility and brevity using
green selective methods. The introduction of controlling groups using nontrivial reconstruction
methodologies forms the backbone of our work. After certain modifications
to the symmetrical BSP starting material, the resulting analogs underwent several chemoselective
transformations through three main routes in rings F, D, and C. One of these
routes is the chemoselective spiroketal opening (ring-F). The second route was the functionalization
of the Δ14,15 bond (ring-D), including chlorination/dechlorination, in addition
to epoxidation/ oxygenation processes. Finally, the introduction of the C-11 methoxy
group as a directing group on ring-C led to several chemoselective transformations. Moreover,
certain transformations on C-12 (ring-C), such as methylenation, followed by hydroboration-
oxidation, led to a potentially active analog. The alignment of these results
directs us toward the targets. Our efforts culminated in preparing effective anti-cancer
prodrugs (8, 24, 30, and 31), which are able to overcome cancer drug resistance (chemoresistance)
by inducing the atypical endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis pathway,
which works through the release of Smac/Diablo and the activation of caspase-4.
#This work is dedicated to Professor Helmut Duddeck-Leibniz Hannover University on his 77th
Birthday on 19.06.2023.
Genipin Inhibits the Development of Osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Xiongjie , Jiwa Habu , Xu Jingtao , Zhang Jun , Huang Yanran , Luo Xiaoji 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Osteosarcoma is a highly invasive and early metastatic tumor. At present, the toxic
and side effects of chemotherapy affect the quality of life of cancer patients to varying degrees. Genipin is an
extract of the natural medicine gardenia with various pharmacological activities.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Genipin on osteosarcoma and its potential
mechanism of action.

Methods:
Crystal violet staining, MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to detect the effect of
genipin on the proliferation of osteosarcoma. The effects of vitexin on migration and invasion of osteosarcoma
were detected by scratch healing assay and transwell assay. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to
detect the effect of genipin on apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. The expression of related proteins was detected
by Western blot. An orthotopic tumorigenic animal model was used to verify the effect of genipin on osteosarcoma
in vivo.

Results:
The results of crystal violet staining, MTT method and colony formation method proved that genipin
significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. The results of the scratch healing assay and transwell
assay showed that gen significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The results
of Hoechst staining and flow cytometry showed that genipin significantly promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma
cells. The results of animal experiments show that genipin has the same anti-tumor effect in vivo.
Genipin may inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT signaling.

Conclusion:
Genipin can inhibit the growth of human osteosarcoma cells, and its mechanism may be related to
the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.