bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lingvotrenager as a means of electronic linguodidactics: experience in the development and implementation of the video tutorial cycle "A Walk in the Primorsky Territory" in the learning process of RCT
Authors: Menzhulina Daria 
Published: April 2023

The subject of the study is the linguodidactic and linguometodic potential of the interactive simulator as a means of electronic linguodidactics in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. In the course of the research, a set of methods is used: methodological modeling, questionnaires, expert evaluation, etc. The main method of research is the method of pedagogical experiment. During the experiment, a model of the educational process was built using a language trainer as a means of electronic linguodidactics. The pedagogical experiment was conducted in three stages and was aimed at studying the features of the educational process when teaching Russian as a foreign language using electronic linguodidactics. The data for the analysis were collected by questioning the students who took part in the experiment. The relevance of the study of electronic linguodidactics in the teaching of RCT lies in the fact that in the conditions of a pandemic and a mass transition to distance learning, the needs of students in intensive foreign language acquisition continue to grow. This requires RCT teachers to create and use electronic educational resources in language teaching and their multidisciplinary development. In addition, the idea of syncretism of educational technologies seems relevant. The study made it possible to formulate the theoretical foundations of the linguometodic simulator in the most complete way and to confirm its practical significance in teaching RCT. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in deepening and expanding scientific and methodological ideas about the place and role of an interactive language trainer in the environment of electronic means of teaching RCT, as well as in presenting opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the formation of language skills and speech skills in teaching RCT. The main conclusion of this study is the position on the relevance of the use of electronic linguodidactics in the teaching of RCT, in particular an interactive language trainer.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Hedranthera barteri on Female Albino Wister Rats
Authors: Okeke C. C. , Omogo S. E. , Lawal R.A. , Edeji F. U. , Akubueze E. U. 
Published: April 2023

Phytochemical and antioxidant evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Hedranthera barteri leaves is an anti-inflammatory agent which exhibits both hyposecretive and cytoprotective effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity of Hedranthera barteri leaves using female white albino rats. Ethanolic extraction of Hedranthera Barteri leaves was done using 70% ethanol. The sub-acute toxicity of the extract to the female albino Wister rats were monitored The results of Glutathion (GSH) concentration revealed that (p<0.05) there was no significant difference between different concentrations of Hedranthera barteri and chlomphene citrate compared to the control group. Results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed (p>0.05) that there was significant difference between 100mg/kg Hedranthera barteri and 200mg/kg Hedranthera Barteri compared with the control group. Also, the result of catalase (CAT) revealed that p>0.05 there was a significant difference between 100mg/kg Hedranthera Barteri compared to the control group. However, there was p<0.05 no significant difference between different concentrations of Hedranthera Barteri and clomiphene citrate compared to the control group of malonaldehyde (MDA). The results above indicated that Hedranthera Barteri leaves extracts is capable of scavenging free radicals. The female albino Wister rats did not show signs of toxicity or mortality. The presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phlobatanin and terpenoids may be responsible for the antioxidant activities of the extracts.
(111)‐Dominated Perovskite Films by Antisolvent Engineering
Authors: Sun Xiangyu , Li Dongni , Zhao Lu , Zhang Yao , Hu Qin , Russell Thomas P. , Liu Fangze , Wei Jing , Li Hongbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFabricating perovskite films with a dominant crystal orientation is an effective path to realizing quasi‐single‐crystal perovskite film, which can eliminate the fluctuation of the electrical properties in films arising from grain‐to‐grain variations, and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Perovskite (FAPbI3) films based on one‐step antisolvent methods usually suffer from chaotic orientations due to the inevitable intermediate phase conversion from intermediates of PbI2•DMSO, FA2Pb3I8•4DMSO, and δ‐FAPbI3 to α‐FAPbI3. Here, a high‐quality perovskite film with (111) preferred orientation ((111)‐α‐FAPbI3) using a short‐chain isomeric alcohol antisolvent, isopropanol (IPA) or isobutanol (IBA), is reported. The interaction between IPA and PbI2 leads to a corner‐sharing structure instead of an edge‐sharing PbI2 octahedron, sidestepping the formation of these intermediates. With the volatilization of IPA, FA+ can replace IPA in situ to form α‐FAPbI3 along the (111) direction. Compared to randomly orientated perovskites, the dominantly (111) orientated perovskite ((111)‐perovskite) exhibits improved carrier mobility, uniform surface potential, suppressed film defects and enhanced photostability. PSCs based on the (111)‐perovskite films show 22% power conversion efficiency and excellent stability, which remains unchanged after 600 h continuous working at maximum power point, and 95% after 2000 h of storage in atmosphere environment.
U‐Shaped Conjugated Oligomer‐Based Micelles as a Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanothermometer for Diverse Cellular Applications
Authors: Peng Rui , Zhang Hean , Yao Chuang , Cui Qianling , Luo Yufeng , Li Lidong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, a conjugated oligomer is reported possessing a unique U‐shaped molecular geometry, which significantly affects the intramolecular charge transfer and modulates the fluorescence properties. Upon excitation, it displays blue/red dual emission, which is very sensitive to the polarity and viscosity of solvents. After being incorporated into Pluronic F127 micelles, a dramatic fluorescence enhancement is found in its red emission (up to 27‐fold) along with a stable blue emission at elevated temperature. Accordingly, the emissive micelles are successfully explored as a reliable ratiometric nanothermometer both in solution and in cellular environment. Moreover, compared to nanoparticle counterpart prepared by classical nanoprecipitation, the conjugated oligomer/F127 micelles exhibit a remarkable improvement in photo‐triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and photodynamic killing behavior on cancer cells. The current study will help researchers to further understand the structure–property relationship of π‐conjugated fluorophores and design various nanomaterials with promising potential for simultaneous diagnostic and treatment on cancers.
Light‐Responsive Springs from Electropatterned Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks
Authors: Ryabchun Alexander , Lancia Federico , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFuture robotic systems will have to adapt their operation to dynamic environments and therefore their development will require the use of active soft components. Bioinspired approaches toward novel actuation materials for active components rely on integrating molecular machines in soft matter, and ensuring that their nanoscale movement is amplified to the macroscale, where mechanically relevant motion is generated. This approach is successfully used in the design of photoresponsive soft springs and other mechanically active materials. Here, this study reports on a new approach where the operation of photoswitches and chiral liquid crystals are combined with an original and mask‐free microscopic patterning method to generate helix‐based movement at the macroscale, including light‐driven winding and unwinding accompanied with inversion of handedness. The microscopic patterning is the result of the unique organization of cholesteric liquid crystals under weak electric field. At a higher level, the pitch and the handedness of the active springs are defined by the imprinted pattern and the angle at which the spring ribbons are cut in the material. These findings are likely to enable soft and responsive robotic systems, and they show how transmission of molecular operation into macroscale functional movement is enabled by materials design across multiple hierarchical levels.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Radical Fluoromethoxylation of Olefins
Authors: Ramkumar Nagarajan , Sperga Arturs , Belyakov Sergey , Mishnev Anatoly , Zacs Dzintars , Veliks Janis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFluoroalkyl ethers have attracted considerable research interest in the fields of pharmaceutical, agrochemical, nuclear imaging and material sciences, forging the development of new synthetic methods to access this class of compounds. Radical fluoroalkoxylation has recently emerged as a promising approach for synthesizing fluoroalkyl ethers. Herein, a solid, easy‐to‐access redox‐active N−O reagent, 1‐(fluoromethoxy)‐3‐methyl‐benzotriazolium triflate (FMBT), serving as a radical source of (mono)fluoromethoxy group under photocatalytic conditions, was introduced. The synthetic potential of FMBT was demonstrated in the functionalization of olefins to access amino and keto‐monofluoromethyl ethers, benefiting the related study in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery.magnified image
Dicamba off‐target movement from applications on soybeans at two growth stages
Authors: Kruger Greg R. , Alves Guilherme S. , Schroeder Kasey , Golus Jeffrey A. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Dodds Darrin M. , Brown Ashli E. , Fritz Bradley K. , Hoffmann Wesley C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate dicamba off‐target movement during and after applications over soybean at two growth stages. Dicamba‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at V3 and R1 growth stages in Nebraska and Mississippi fields were treated with diglycolamine salt of dicamba (560 g ae ha−1), potassium salt of glyphosate (1260 g ae ha−1), and a drift‐reducing adjuvant (0.5% v v−1). Filter papers positioned outside the sprayed area were used to determine primary movement and air samplers positioned at the center of sprayed area were used to calculate dicamba flux from 0.5 up to 68 hours after application (HAA). Flux was calculated using the aerodynamic method. Soybean growth stage did not affect dicamba deposition on filter papers from 8 to 45 m downwind from the sprayed areas. At 33 m downwind (i.e., distance of the labeled buffer zone), a spray drift of less than 0.0091% (0.05 g ae ha−1) of applied rate is estimated. Dicamba secondary movement may not be affected by soybean growth stage during the application. Although dicamba was detected in air samples collected at 68 HAA, the majority of the secondary movement was observed in the first 24 HAA. Dicamba cumulative loss was lower than 0.77% of applied rate. Results suggest the more stable the atmospheric conditions, the higher the dicamba flux. Thus, meteorological conditions after applications must be considered, and tools to predict the occurrence of temperature inversion are needed to minimize secondary movement of dicamba.
Evaluating dynamic productivity change of US farm supply cooperatives
Authors: Skevas Theodoros , Grashuis Jasper 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article estimates dynamic productivity change and its components (i.e., technical inefficiency change, scale inefficiency change, and technical change) for a sample of ~700 US farm supply cooperatives over the 2005–2017 period. Estimation is undertaken using a directional distance function that accounts for the presence of adjustment costs associated with investments in quasi‐fixed factors of production. A bootstrap regression is then used to determine the factors affecting dynamic productivity change and its components. Results show that the sample cooperatives experienced a modest decline in productivity over the study period, on average. The analysis of productivity change decompositions suggests that productivity decline is mainly due to the negative contribution of technical inefficiency change. Results further reveal that ignoring adjustment costs when modeling cooperatives' performance leads to distortions in estimates of productivity and its components. The regression analysis results show that years of operation and a higher share of energy products in supply turnover are positively related to productivity change, technical inefficiency change, and scale inefficiency change. [EconLit Citations: Q12, D22, C61].
Numerical study of biomass gasification combined with CO2 absorption in a bubbling fluidized bed
Authors: Kong Dali , Wang Shuai , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiomass gasification combined with CO2 absorption‐enhanced reforming (AER) in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) reactor is numerically studied via the multiphase particle‐in‐cell (MP‐PIC) method featuring thermochemical and polydispersity sub‐models. A novel bubble detection algorithm is proposed for efficiently characterizing bubble morphology. The effects of several crucial operating parameters on the microscale particle behaviors, mesoscale bubble dynamics, and macroscale reactor performance of the AER gasification process are analyzed. Compared with conventional gasification, AER gasification reduces the CO2 concentration by 33.58% but elevates the H2 concentration by 32.13%. Higher operating temperature and steam‐to‐biomass (S/B) ratio promote H2 generation but deteriorate gasification performance. A lower operating pressure improves gas–solid contact efficiency and gasification performance as the increased operating pressure inhibits bubble dynamics and particle kinematics. Compared with pure sand as bed material, the mixed bed material (CaO:sand = 1:1) significantly improves gasification performance by enhancing H2 generation and CO2 removal.
Behavioral responses of solicitors after failure to receive grooming in Macaca fuscata
Authors: Ueno Masataka , Yamada Kazunori , Nakamichi Masayuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrooming is one of the most common cooperative behaviors among several animal species. However, the tactics used to cope with uncooperative partners in grooming interactions remain unclear. Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) solicit grooming from partners through postural behaviors, but may not necessarily receive grooming. This study investigated the behavior of female Japanese macaques after they solicited but did not receive grooming. We predicted that unsuccessful solicitors would engage in grooming interactions with uncooperative partners if they were affiliated. If they were not affiliated, the solicitors would not do so and may seek grooming interactions with other grooming partners. We used a focal‐animal sampling method, targeting 17 females at Katsuyama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. We recognized affiliative relationships by measuring close spatial association. After unsuccessful solicitation, females tended to scratch themselves, suggesting that solicitors may experience anxiety or distress when they do not receive grooming. They also tended to be proximate with affiliated partners after solicitation, regardless of whether the solicitors received grooming from their partners. In contrast, when solicitors failed to receive grooming from unaffiliated partners, their subsequent proximity was lower than when they were groomed. Moreover, unsuccessful solicitors were likely to engage in grooming interactions with affiliated partners who were uncooperative (receivers of unsuccessful solicitations). However, they were less likely to engage in grooming interactions with unaffiliated partners and instead engaged in grooming interactions with other nearby partners. These findings indicate that female Japanese macaques decide whether to engage in grooming interactions with uncooperative partners who have not groomed solicitors based on affiliative relationships and the availability of other grooming partners. It is probable that, when the cost of searching for a grooming partner is low, female Japanese macaques are likely to switch partners, potentially leading to an increase in the benefits obtained from grooming interactions.
Formation and Loading of a (2S)‐2‐Ethylmalonamyl Starter Unit in the Assembly Line of Polyketide‐Nonribosomal Peptide Hybrid Sanglifehrin A
Authors: Tang Zhijun , Pang Bo , Liu Chang , Guo Shengjie , Qu Xudong , Liu Wen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSanglifehrin A (SFA) is a spirolactam‐conjugated, 22‐membered macrolide with remarkable immunosuppressive and antiviral activities. This macrolide is a result of a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)‐nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly line that utilizes (2S)‐2‐ethylmalonamyl as a starter unit. Here, we report that the formation and loading of this starter unit in the SFA assembly line involve two unusual enzymatic reactions that occur on a discrete acyl carrier protein (ACP), SfaO. An amide synthetase, SfaP, catalyzes the amidation of (2S)‐2‐ethylmalonyl in a SfaO‐dependent manner. Then, a β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase III‐like protein, SfaN, transfers resultant (2S)‐2‐ethylmalonamyl from SfaO onto the loading ACP domain of the hybrid PKS‐NRPS assembly line to prime SFA biosynthesis. Both SfaP and SfaN display promiscuous activities. This study furthers the appreciation of assembly line chemistry, as a new paradigm for unusual building block formation and incorporation is provided.
Supercooled Liquids with Dynamic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Using Terminal Hydroxyl Engineering
Authors: Xu Zixuan , Wang Zhaoyu , Yao Wei , Gao Yanhua , Li Yuxin , Shi Huifang , Huang Wei , An Zhongfu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have potential applications in optoelectronics, which inevitably suffer from poor processability, flexibility or stretchability. Herein, we report a concise strategy to develop supercooled liquids (SCLs) with dynamic RTP behavior using terminal hydroxyl engineering. The terminal hydroxyls effectively hinder the nucleation process of molecules for the formation of stable SCLs after thermal annealing. Impressively, the SCLs show reversible RTP emission via alternant stimulation by UV light and heat. Photoactivated SCLs have phosphorescent efficiency of 8.50 % and a lifetime of 31.54 ms under ambient conditions. Regarding the dynamic RTP behavior and stretchability of SCLs, we demonstrate the applications in erasable data encryption and patterns on flexible substrates. This finding provides a design principle for obtaining SCLs with RTP and expands the potential applications of RTP materials in flexible optoelectronics.
Selective Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane via Regulating Methyl Intermediates over Metal/ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Pu , Shi Run , Zhao Yunxuan , Li Zhenhua , Zhao Jiaqing , Zhao Jiaqi , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wu Li‐Zhu , Zhang Tierui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethane conversion to higher hydrocarbons requires harsh reaction conditions due to high energy barriers associated with C−H bond activation. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over transition‐metal‐loaded ZnO photocatalysts. A 1 wt % Au/ZnO delivered a remarkable C2‐C4 hydrocarbon production rate of 683 μmol g−1 h−1 (83 % C2‐C4 selectivity) under light irradiation with excellent photostability over two days. The metal type and its interaction with ZnO strongly influence the selectivity toward C−C coupling products. Photogenerated Zn+‐O− sites enable CH4 activation to methyl intermediates (*CH3) migrating onto adjacent metal nanoparticles. The nature of the *CH3‐metal interaction controls the OCM products. In the case of Au, strong d‐σ orbital hybridization reduces metal‐C−H bond angles and steric hindrance, thereby enabling efficient methyl coupling. Findings indicate the d‐σ center may be a suitable descriptor for predicting product selectivity during OCM over metal/ZnO photocatalysts.
A Tailored Versatile and Efficient NHC‐Based NNC‐Pincer Manganese Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Polar Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Wei Zeyuan , Li Hengxu , Wang Yujie , Liu Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of metal‐hydride complexes can be harnessed by the modification of ancillary ligands. With the aim of improving the hydride‐donor ability of the key Mn−H intermediate and reducing steric hindrance, we herein report the rational design of a versatile and efficient NHC‐based NNC‐pincer Mn catalyst for hydrogenation reactions. This newly developed catalyst exhibited higher activity than the corresponding NNP‐pincer Mn catalyst owing to its reduced steric hindrance and enhanced Mn−H σ‐bonding orbital energy level through a π‐antibonding interaction. Using this highly active NNC‐pincer Mn catalyst, a rich array of polar unsaturated compounds (>80 examples) including esters, N‐heteroarenes, amides, carbonates, and urea derivatives, were successfully hydrogenated under relatively mild conditions. This work represents a rare example of a general phosphine‐free Mn‐catalyzed hydrogenation system.
Concise Total Synthesis of (−)‐Quinocarcin Enabled by Catalytic Enantioselective Reductive 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Secondary Amides
Authors: Ji Kan‐Lei , He Shu‐Fan , Xu Dong‐Dong , He Wen‐Xin , Zheng Jian‐Feng , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA concise asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐quinocarcin has been accomplished with high step economy from commercially available starting materials. A catalytic enantioselective reductive 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N‐heteroaryl secondary amides with reactive dipolarophiles using iridium/copper relay catalysis was developed to prepare the key chiral pyrrolidine intermediate with three stereocenters. This protocol features excellent regio‐, exo‐ and enantioselectivities, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The high efficiency was also ensured by a RhIII‐catalyzed C−H activation/cyclization and a tandem diastereoselective hydrogenation/cyclization to construct the tetrahydroisoquinoline‐pyrrolidine tetracyclic core unit of quinocarcin.
Highly Active Hydrogen‐rich Photothermal Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction on Ni/LaInO3 Perovskite Catalysts with Near‐unity Selectivity
Authors: Yu Jianbo , Muhetaer Aidaer , Gao Xiaowen , Zhang Zhenzhen , Yang Yuying , Li Qi , Chen Langxing , Liu Haichao , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhoto‐assisted reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is regarded green and promising in controlling the reaction gas ratio in Fischer Tropsch synthesis. But it is inclined to produce more byproducts in high H2 concentration condition. Herein, LaInO3 loaded with Ni‐nanoparticles (Ni NPs) was designed to obtain an efficient photothermal RWGS reaction rate, where LaInO3 was enriched with oxygen vacancies to roundly adsorbing CO2 and the strong interaction with Ni NPs endowed the catalysts with powerful H2 activity. The optimized catalyst performed a large CO yield rate (1314 mmol gNi−1 h−1) and ≈100 % selectivity. In situ characterizations demonstrated a COOH* pathway of the reaction and photoinduced charge transfer process for reducing the RWGS reaction active energy. Our work provides valuable insights on the construction of catalysts concerning products selectivity and photoelectronic activating mechanism on CO2 hydrogenation.