bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring user and stakeholder perspectives from South Africa and Uganda to refine microarray patch development for HIV PrEP delivery and as a multipurpose prevention technology
Authors: Ismail Ayesha , Magni Sarah , Katahoire Anne , Ayebare Florence , Siu Godfrey , Semitala Fred , Kyambadde Peter , Friedland Barbara , Jarrahian Courtney , Kilbourne-Brook Maggie 
Published: August 2023

Background
Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, but alternative delivery options are needed to reach more users. Microarray patches (MAPs), a novel drug-delivery system containing micron-scale projections or “microneedles” that deliver drugs via skin, are being developed to deliver long-acting HIV PrEP and as a multipurpose prevention technology to protect from HIV and unintended pregnancy. We explored whether MAP technology could meet user and health system needs in two African countries.

Methods
Researchers in South Africa and Uganda conducted 27 focus group discussions, 76 mock-use exercises, and 31 key informant interviews to explore perceptions about MAPs and specific features such as MAP size, duration of protection, delivery indicator, and health system fit. Participants included young women and men from key populations and vulnerable groups at high risk of HIV and/or unintended pregnancy, including adolescent girls and young women; female sex workers and men who have sex with these women; and men who have sex with men. In Uganda, researchers also recruited young women and men from universities and the community as vulnerable groups. Key stakeholders included health care providers, sexual and reproductive health experts, policymakers, and youth activists. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed to explore perspectives and preferences about MAPs. Survey responses after mock-use in Uganda were tabulated to assess satisfaction with MAP features and highlight areas for additional refinement.

Results
All groups expressed interest in MAP technology, reporting perceived advantages over other methods. Most participants preferred the smallest MAP size for ease of use and discreetness. Some would accept a larger MAP if it provided longer protection. Most preferred a protection duration of 1 to 3 months or longer; others preferred 1-week protection. Upper arm and thigh were the most preferred application sites. Up to 30 minutes of wear time was considered acceptable; some wanted longer to ensure the drug was fully delivered. Self-administration was valued by all groups; most preferred initial training by a provider.

Conclusions
Potential users and stakeholders showed strong interest in/acceptance of MAP technology, and their feedback identified key improvements for MAP design. If a MAP containing a high-potency antiretroviral or a MAP containing both an antiretroviral and hormonal contraceptive is developed, these products could improve acceptability/uptake of protection options in sub-Saharan Africa.
Implementation evaluation of a medical student-led intervention to enhance students’ engagement with research: Findings and lessons learned
Authors: Haroon Mian Arsam , Noorali Ali Aahil , Khan Abdullah Saeed , Hussain Muzamil Hamid , Advani Rohan , Sami Ashmal , Merchant Asma Altaf , Khan Adnan Ali , Baloch Sana Gul , Tharwani Arsal , Fatimi Saulat H. , Samad Zainab , Hasan Babar S. , Rasheed Muneera A. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Medical colleges globally have student organizations that serve to enable students’ involvement in research. However, details of their approach and activities are seldom published to serve as learning for student organizations in other settings. The Student Research Forum (SRF), a student organization based at a private medical school in Pakistan aims to facilitate students in acquiring research skills. Following the observation of a downward trajectory of student initiative and interest, SRF leadership restructured the organization and improve its impact. This study describes the development and implementation evaluation of the interventions.

Methodology
The operational framework was revised using the Theory of Change by the core group. Major interventions included enhanced social media and outreach coordination, research workshops, journal clubs, and mentorship to increase research output, mentorship opportunities, and knowledge of medical research; ultimately improving quality in research. The outcomes generated over the course of the study’s duration from July 2019 to September 2021 were analyzed using the process metrics of reach, adoption, and efficacy.

Results
As a result of the interventions, SRF expanded its reach by conducting a total of 41 events during the duration of the study, facilitated by social media growth on each of SRF’s online platforms, with a 300% increase in followers on Facebook, and a nationwide network of 91 student ambassadors. An annual workshop series taught research skills to more than 3800 participants. Students leading their own events, SRF featuring international speakers, and the abstracts submitted to SRF’s annual conference, along with the conference’s reach of 10,000 students, are seen as improvements in the ToC-informed interventions’ adoption. The efficacy of the interventions manifested as the REACH program allocated 56 research projects to vetted applicants.

Conclusion
The applied interventions have accelerated SRF’s progress towards achieving its long-term outcome of increased quality in research as translated by increased research output quantity, mentorship, and knowledge of medical research. Further evaluation is required to assess the success of the ToC. As SRF continues to grow, a continued analysis of the implementation outcomes is imperative to gauge its effectiveness.
Recent advancement in CO2 capturing: An electrochemical approach
Authors: Nihmiya A.R. , Jayarathne R.M.H.H. , Nilmini A.H.L.R. 
Published: August 2023

Various methods have been suggested to address the problem of elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. A potential technique among these strategies is the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERC), which can simultaneously solve issues like CO2-induced global warming and enable sustainable energy storage. The ERC procedure takes place within an electrochemical cell at the interface between an ionic conductor (the electrolyte) and an electron conductor (the cathode). In this process, the anode facilitates the oxidation of water, while the cathode enables CO2 reduction. However, a significant challenge in the ERC process lies in selecting an appropriate catalyst for the cathode material. In addition to explore the new transition metals, researchers have also investigated metal complex catalysts and nanostructures to enhance catalyst activity and product selectivity. Non-aqueous electrolytes have been employed to avoid the hydrogen evolution reaction. Ionic liquids have been proposed as a solution to address the challenge of low CO2 solubility in the reaction medium, offering significant potential for enhancing conversion rates to resolve the limitations faced by aqueous and non-aqueous systems solid polymer electrolytes are being considered. The cell configuration has been continuously improved to improve the mass transfer effects and to better separate the reaction products. This review paper provides a preface to the ERC process and an inclusive review of several decades of research work on ERC process by analyzing the adopted various and novel cathode materials, electrolytes and cell configuration.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation, DFT Studies and Molecular Docking of Novel 12-(2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)-8-methyl-2,3,4,12-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-1-one and its Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Puja , Patel Rajat , Koshti Rohit R. , Vyas Akshay , Sangani Chetan B. 
Published: August 2023

Twelve new compounds were synthesized consisting of biquinoline-imidazole-benzothiazole hybrids 6a-l using a base catalyzed one pot MCR reaction, these were then screened for in vitro biological activities against cancer cell lines. Among the twelve prepared potential anticancer agents, compound 6j was found to be the most active against EGFR (IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.03 Μm), A549 and HepG2, also the same derivative of the series was found to be most active against FabH (IC50 of 3.1 Μm) E. coli. Further the molecules were analysed for DFT and molecular docking studies to calculate the distance and angle between the active parts of the molecules as well as charge density distribution over the molecules which provides a qualitative measure for the effective the binding of molecules in the active pockets with greater binding affinity.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Glutaric acid based Macrocyclic Complexes
Authors: Rajrani gulia Rajrani Gulia , Vikas Sangwan Vikas Sangwan , Anshul Anshul Singh 
Published: August 2023

In the presence of divalent transition metal ions in their chloride forms, glutaric acid and o-phenylenediamine were used to design and synthesize a unique series of macrocyclic complexes. The UV-Visible, IR, ESR, and ESI-MS spectroscopy methods were used to analyze these newly designed complexes. In order to evaluate their thermal behavior, TGA analysis was employed. The intended general formula for the produced complexes was [M(L)X2] (L = ligand, X = Cl- and M = Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+). The central metal ions are surrounded by octahedral environment. These macrocyclic complexes were tested for their antimicrobial effectiveness against the selected bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), as well as fungi strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) and their efficacy was compared to that of standard drugs Streptomycin and Itraconazole respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the macrocyclic complexes were also assessed using the DPPH assay.
A Theoretical Investigation of Decorated Novel 1,2-Di(4-pyridyl)-ethylene based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
Authors: KRISHNAVENI S. , JOSEPHINE X. MARY , MOHANKUMAR S. , SATHYANARAYANAMOORTHI V. 
Published: August 2023

Density functional theory (DFT) approaches are employed to investigate the performance of dyes and the influence of p-conjugation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this investigation, five new 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethylene based conjugated donor-π-acceptor organic dyes (D-π-A) exist. The spacer is a diphenylamine (DPA) group, while the diphenyl amine group serves as the component that donateselectrons in each system, the nitro/cyano group is used as an electron accepting group. An alternate methyl/ethyl group is employed as π-conjugated spacer in order to study the effect of the auxiliary donor group. Through performing DFT calculations with the B3LYP both the polarized split-valence 6-311++G (d,p) basis sets, an excitation energies, absorption spectra and emission spectra of eachmolecule were examined. The polarizable continuum model (PCM) is utilized in studying these impact for solvent. The energies at which these dyes are LUMO and HOMO, which assure the favourable impact for electron injection and these dye regeneration process. The calculation of the HOMO-LUMO gap demonstrates good agreement when compared to spectral information. The light-harvestingefficiency (LHE), electron injection free energy (ΔGinject), as well as oscillator strength (f) are computed and explained. The calculated open-circuit photovoltage values (Voc) and electron coupling constant (VRP) for the studied dye-sensitizers are also included in this study.
A Case of Functional Bowel Disease Misdiagnosed as Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Quo Shane , Zakko Wisam 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
An elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U5-HIAA) is typically thought of to be related to carcinoid syndrome. It is widely known that several other etiologies can cause high levels; however, those etiologies typically cause mild elevations. We present a unique situation of a highly elevated U5-HIAA not because of a neuroendocrine tumor. Gastroenterologists need to have an approach in mind if they encounter this predicament. We aim to raise awareness of this situation to emphasize the importance of a thorough medication history and avoid unnecessary testing.
The effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation awareness in university students on being a volunteer donor
Authors: Karakaçan Nazan , Özpancar Şolpan Nurhan 
Published: August 2023

Problem/aim This study was planned in order to determine the effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation awareness in university students on being a volunteer donor.
Method: The research as a quasi-experimental single group study with a pretest-posttest design was completed with 1216 students who agreed to participate in the study.The data were collected through a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The questionnaire consists of three parts and a total of 46 questions, which contains demographic attributes, knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and questions measuring participants' attitudes. Mean, standard deviation, median, frequency, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson chi-square, Spearman's correlation tests were used to evaluate the data. The results were evaluated at a 95% confidence interval, and the significance level was p <0.05.
Results: Participants was 41% studied in health sciences departments. While the pre-training awareness of the need for hematopoietic stem cell donors in Turkey was 51.9%, it increased to 92.1% after the training. Before the training, while 25.5% of the students stated that they definitely wanted to donate hematopoietic stem cells, this percentage increased to 45.9% after the training. The average increase of 52.68±24.35 units in the post-training hematopoietic stem cell transplant knowledge score of the students compared to the pre-training was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001) After the training, a statistically significant difference was found between the HSCT knowledge scores of the students according to their sociodemographic characteristics (gender, department, duration of degree, grades) (p=0.001)
Conclusion: It was concluded in the study that the knowledge level of the students on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was insufficient, and the training had a positive effect on their knowledge and attitude concerning hematopoietic stem cell donation.
Aristotle on Compulsive Affections and the Natural Capacity to Withstand
Authors: Echeñique Javier 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aristotle recognises preternatural affections in numerous passages from his ethical writings, where he claims that some desires and emotions are beyond human nature, too strong for our nature to withstand, and that an action motivated by them is συγγνωμονικὸν: something excusable. However, there has been some reluctance among scholars to explicitly acknowledge that Aristotle recognised preternatural affections as a category of excuse in its own right. The aim of this paper is to remove the obstacles that stand in the way of such a recognition, and to show that Aristotle developed a normative account of preternatural affections, based on the natural human capacity to withstand, allowing him to class them as genuine cases of βία, compulsion.
On the Pauli group on 2-qubits in dynamical systems with pseudofermions
Authors: Bagarello Fabio , Bavuma Yanga , Russo Francesco G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The group of matrices

P
1

{P_{1}}

of Pauli is a finite 2-group of order 16 and plays a fundamental role in quantum information theory, since it is related to the quantum information on the 1-qubit.
Here we show that both

P
1

{P_{1}}

and the Pauli 2-group

P
2

{P_{2}}

of order 64 on 2-qubits, other than in quantum computing, can also appear in dynamical systems which are described by non-self-adjoint Hamiltonians. This will allow us to represent

P
1

{P_{1}}

and

P
2

{P_{2}}

in terms of pseudofermionic operators.
Evaluation of the current in situ stress in the middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Longnüsi area of the central Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Tianbiao , Qin Qirong , Li Hu , Wang Shilin , Mou Xingyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Longnüsi area in the central Sichuan Basin is currently a key formation for exploration and development. The evaluation of the current in situ stress in this area is of great significance for fracture prediction, well pattern deployment, drilling and construction, and fracturing stimulation. This study clarifies the current direction and magnitude distributions of the in situ stress by evaluating the Maokou Formation in the Longnüsi area using finite-element numerical simulation, acoustic emission experiments, and logging data (including data from imaging logging, array acoustic logging, conventional logging, and cross-dipole acoustic logging). Specifically, the current maximum horizontal stress of the Maokou Formation in the Longnüsi area is mainly in the NW‒SE direction, and the stress direction is greatly affected by the local fault zone. The current minimum horizontal stress magnitude of the Maokou Formation obtained by acoustic emission experiments is between 96.29 and 114.36 MPa, the current maximum horizontal stress magnitude is between 126.01 and 145.10 MPa, and the current horizontal stress difference is between 25.59 and 32.58 MPa. The current minimum and maximum horizontal stress magnitudes both decrease from north to south. The current horizontal stress parameters calculated by Huang’s model are not significantly different from those experimentally measured: there is a difference of less than 8% in the current minimum horizontal stress magnitude, a difference of less than 9% in the maximum horizontal stress magnitude, and a difference of less than 15% in the current horizontal stress difference. Therefore, Huang’s model has good applicability in terms of calculating the current horizontal stresses in the Longnüsi area. The current horizontal stress parameters, which are numerically simulated with the finite-element method, are also not much different from those experimentally measured: there is a difference of less than 11% in the current minimum horizontal stress magnitude, a difference of less than 10% in the maximum horizontal stress magnitude, and a difference of less than 20% in the current horizontal stress difference. The numerically simulated current horizontal stress also decreases from north to south. Therefore, the simulated results are highly accurate. This study clarifies the directions and magnitudes of the current in situ stress state of the Maokou Formation in the Longnüsi area of the central Sichuan Basin and provides a basis for the formulation of exploration and development plans for the Maokou Formation reservoir in the study area.
Heat and mass transfer in vacuum drying process of fructooligosaccharides syrup
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Xie Hui , Liu Yuxuan , Ran Chenxi , Wu Zhonghua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) is a functional food additive. FOS syrup produced by biological methods can be easily transported, stored and used after drying. In this study, the effects of operating pressure, heating temperature and initial moisture content of FOS syrup on the drying characteristics during vacuum drying were studied. With a visual system, the state changes of the material during the drying process were recorded. The specific heat, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the FOS at different temperatures and moisture contents were measured. From the perspective of drying characteristics, the whole drying process can be divided into four periods: the increasing drying rate period AB, the first falling drying rate period BC, the second falling drying rate period CD and the third falling drying rate period DE. The heat transfer mode in AB and BC was boiling heat transfer, with the material viscosity less than 267.9 Pa·s. In CD period, the heat transfer mode was convection heat transfer with the material viscosity of 267.9 Pa·s to 501.6 Pa·s. In DE period, the material viscosity was greater than 501.6 Pa·s and did not have fluidity, and the heat transfer mode was heat conduction. A multivariate model for the convection heat transfer coefficient was obtained based on the heat balance. The maximum error between the simulation value by the model and the experimental value of the material moisture content during the vacuum drying process was 4.18 %.
Effect of defatted rice bran addition on properties of texturized soy and rice protein products
Authors: Pengjun Thanaporn , Sringarm Chayanid , Kunanopparat Thiranan , Rungchang Saowaluk , Ditudompo Srivikorn , Siriwattanayotin Suwit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The objective of this work was to produce low moisture-texturized vegetable protein (LM-TVP). Firstly, SPI:DRB at ratio of 50:50, 65:35 and 80:20 (w/w) was blended to produce TVP with 50–70 % protein (TSP50–70), respectively. In addition, RPI:DRB was also blended at the same ratio to produce non beany odor TVP with 50–70 % protein (TRP50–70). All samples were extruded using twin screw extruder. Extrusion condition was fixed at 25 % of feed moisture, 400 rpm of screw speed and 130 °C of die temperature. Next, properties of TSP50–70 and TRP50–70 before and after rehydration were characterized. For TSP50–70, studied properties consisting of expansion ratio, density, WAC, WHC and OHC of TSP50–70 were 2.20–2.27 %, 0.26–0.34 kg/m3, 414–446 %, 2.87–4.88 g H2O/g and 2.55–2.73 g oil/g respectively. These properties values were closed and in the same range of commercial-TVP (C-TVP). However, texture of TSP50 and TSP70 was significantly different, as decreasing DRB content from 50 (TSP50) to 20 % (TSP70) improved texture in terms of hardness (from 0.51 to 1.88 N), springiness (from 0.73 to 0.96) and cohesiveness (from 0.46 to 0.81) of TSP. Therefore, to add value to DRB, TSP70 (80 % SPI and 20 % DRB) was proposed to produce TSP. For TRP, expansion ratio, density, WAC, hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of TRP50–70 were 1.07–1.34 %, 0.63–0.88 kg/m3, 78–158 %, 1.03–9.10 N, 0.71–0.85 and 0.27–0.29 which were out of range compared to C-TVP.
Effect of tool pin profile on the heat generation model of the friction stir welding of aluminium alloy
Authors: Kesharwani Rahul , Jha Kishor Kumar , Sarkar Chiranjit , Imam Murshid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present work aims to model the three-dimensional heat transfer coupled with the material flow model of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy material using the three tool pin profiles, square, pentagon, and hexagon, in the friction stir welding process. The temperature rise and fluid flow behaviour from the top to the bottom of the tool were evaluated. Also, the strain rate and dynamic viscosity variation were found near the tool pin and shoulder region. The results showed that the frictional contact heat between the shoulder surface and workpiece was responsible for the maximum heat generation. The probe area was minimum in the square tool pin geometry, which results in high heat generation due to the maximum shoulder surface contact area with the workpiece model. Furthermore, the analytical formula for calculating the heat generation on the tool shoulder/workpiece interface and the tool pin/workpiece contact region were also evaluated. The numerical modelling of heat generation was evaluated by COMSOL Multiphysics V5.3a software.