bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of DNA from DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: Sano H , Morimoto C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A low molecular weight DNA fragment was isolated from DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes found in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Total sera were treated with 40% saturated ammonium sulfate to isolate gamma-globulin fraction and phenolized to partition proteins and nucleic acids. After being treated with RNAase, the sample was labeled at the 5' end with 32P-phosphate and electrophoresed in an 8% polyacrylamide gel, which was dried and autoradiographed. The sample that migrated at positions of molecular weight between 20,000 and 28,000 was susceptible to DNAase I but resistant to S1-nuclease. The data suggest that the immune complexes of SLE patients contain double-stranded DNA with 30 to 40 base pairs.
IGA in human bile and liver.
Authors: Nagura H , Smith P D , Nakane P K , Brown W R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hepatic bile IgA from 6 patients was measured by radioimmunoassay and characterized immunochemically. The concentration of IgA was 0.14 to 0.88 mg/ml. IgA associated with secretory component (SC) as well as unassociated with SC was demonstrated in all 6 samples; The proportion associated with SC (secretory IgA) was 72% to 95%. IgA and SC were localized immunocytochemically in liver and bile duct tissues by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. Evidence favoring endocytic, SC-mediated transfer of IgA by intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary epithelium, but not by hepatocytes, was found.
Separation and characterization of two component tumor lines within the AKR lymphoma, AKTB-1, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and flow microfluorometry analysis. I. the coexistence of sIg+ and sIg- sublines.
Authors: Zatz M M , Mathieson B J , Kanellopoulos-Langevin C , Sharrow S O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The AKTB-1 tumor line, previously described as having both T and B cell characteristics, was separated by electronic cell sorting (ECS) on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) on the basis of surface immunoglobulin (sIg). This resulted in 2 distinct sIg+ and sIg- subpopulations, which were transferred in graded doses (10(1) to 10(3)) into groups of normal AKR animals. The resulting splenic tumor cells were analyzed at several time points by flow microfluorometry for surface characteristics (sIg, Thy 1, Lyt 2, and Ly9) and by erythrocyte-antibody rosetting for FcR. Two distinct sublines were identifiable--one of which was sIg+, FcR-, Thy 1.1+, Lyt 2.1+, PNA+, Ly9+ and the other of which was sIg+, FcR+, Thy 1.1-, Lyt 2.1-, PNA-, Ly 9+. When these 2 sublines, generated by ECS fractionation and high dilution transfer, were serially transferred at high doses (10(5)), they maintained their unique characteristics as distinct sublines, now designated AKTB-1t and AKTB-1b.
FCS-activated blast T cells inhibit the in vitro response of memory CTL precursors to alloantigens by removal of factor(s) from MLC supernatant.
Authors: Degiovanni G , Schaaf-Lafontaine N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The inhibitory effect of spleen cells, precultured in the presence of FCS, was assayed on the memory cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) response to alloantigens. For this, we have used in vitro conditions in which both particulate alloantigen and MLC SN are required to allow the generation of CTL. It was shown that the CTL response was totally inhibited in the presence of 5 to 7 days precultured spleen cells. This inhibitory effect was partly due to removal, by those precultured cells, of relevant factor(s) contained in the MLC SN. After velocity sedimentation at unit gravity, it was shown that the T cells able to inhibit the cytolytic response and to remove MLC SN factor(s) are found in the fractions containing the large proliferating cells. It was further demonstrated that in the presence of inhibiting cells, a significant CTL response may be obtained after addition of concentrated MLC SN. However, in this way, this inhibitory effect was not totally circumvented, which suggests that the memory CTL response is also impaired by other mechanisms.
Induction of IgE synthesis and potentiation of anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody response by HgCl2 in the rat.
Authors: Prouvost-Danon A , Abadie A , Sapin C , Bazin H , Druet P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study demonstrates that mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces a striking increase of total serum IgE in Brown Norway (BN) rats. Values up to several milligrams of IgE per milliliter of serum were observed. No antibody specificity was demonstrated for these IgE. Mercuric chloride also potentiated a specific anti-ovalbumin IgE response when the rats were immunized with ovalbumin. The kinetics of the response to HgCl2 was different from that to an antigenic stimulus alone: total IgE increased together with the potentiated anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody response to reach maximum values about 14 days after initiation of HgCl2 injections. The potentiated IgE antibodies represented only an insignificant fraction of total IgE. All these findings were observed in BN but not in Lewis rats. These data show analogies with those reported after parasitic infection in the rat and suggest similar mechanisms of action.
Mechanisms in T cell leukemogenesis. II. T cell responses of preleukemic BALB/c mice to Moloney leukemia virus antigens.
Authors: Lee J C , Horak I , Ihle J N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The T cell responses of Moloney leukemia virus (MoLV)-infected preleukemic BALB/c mice were examined. The major in vitro response detectable was T cell blastogenesis in response to the major viral envelope protein MoLV gp71 and an internal viral protein p12. The majority of the preleukemic mice had readily detectable responses to gp71, whereas the presence of a response to p12 was less consistent. With both antigens, T cell blastogenesis showed typical antigen response characteristics similar to those detected in other immune responses to C-type viruses. Proliferation was dependent on a Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, 2- population and was macrophage-independent. In contrast to most immune responses to C-type viruses, which are temporally restricted, T cell blastogenesis was detectable throughout the preleukemic period of 4 to 16 wk of age. During this period neither gp71-specific T cells nor PHA-responsive T cells were found to express viral antigens. The correlations between T cells responding to gp71 and leukemia were examined. Under conditions in which MoLV inoculation of BALB/c mice does not induce leukemia, no T cell responses were deectable. These results suggest a causal relationship between the presence of antigen-specific T cells and the ability of MoLV to induce leukemia. The results are discussed with reference to the possible role of chronic immune stimulation in virus-induced leukemogenesis.
Characterization of ligand-binding activity of isolated murine Fc gamma receptor.
Authors: Schneider R J , Atkinson J P , Krause V , Kulczycki A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fc gamma-binding macromolecules were isolated from 2 murine macrophage-like cell lines by affinity chromatography using various immunoglobulins coupled to Sepharose. P388D1 and J744.2 cells were radiolabeled with 125I using a modified lactoperoxidase method, washed cells were solubilized using NP-40, and the solubilized cell lysates were incubated at 4 degrees C with immunoadsorbents. Fc gamma receptor-like material was obtained from the IgG-Sepharose columns by elution at 4 degrees C with 0.5 N acetic acid containing 1% NP-40 into buffer for neutralization. Purified material thus obtained retained its ligand-binding activity, since approximately 30 to 60% rebound to IgG-Sepharose. Upon analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, putative Fc gamma receptor had an apparent m.w. of 50 to 65,000. Neither a comparable SDS-PAGE band nor receptor activity was isolated from a 3rd murine cell line, which lacks the Fc gamma receptor. Putative receptor obtained by elution from IgG2a-Sepharose rebound equally well to IgG2a-, IgG1- and IgG2b-Sepharose, but did not rebind to IgG3-, F(ab')2-, or BSA-Sepharose. Similarly, Fc gamma-binding macromolecules eluted from IgG2b-Sepharose rebound only to IgG2b-, IgG2a- and IgG1-Sepharose rebound only to IgG2b-, IgG2a- and IgG1-Sepharose. The rebinding of either receptor preparation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both monomeric IgG2a and monomeric IgG2b, and myeloma protein from each subclass inhibited to the same extent. Therefore, the mouse Fc gamma receptor in its isolated state does not appear to discriminate between monomeric IgG2a and IgG2b.
Inactivation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity after interaction with target cells.
Authors: Perussia B , Trinchieri G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with unlabeled target cells or absorbed to K562 cells and then isolated by centrifugation on discontinuous Ficoll-Methrizoate gradient. In both cases, lymphocytes that reacted with these target cells at 37 degrees C were inactivated and were no longer able to kill freshly added 51Cr-labeled target cells that were susceptible to spontaneous killing. This inactivation was time and temperature dependent and did not alter the ability of lymphocytes to lyse antibody-sensitized target cells. The natural killer (NK) cell inactivation that followed the interaction with target cells was not observed when target cells were used that were able to induce interferon (IFN) production when cultured with lymphocytes. This NK inactivation was reversed by incubation of the inactivated effector cell preparations with IFN.
Variation in the synthesis of membrane proteins of human T lymphocytes during mitogenic activation: recognition of a 70,000 dalton protein with anti-p23,30 heteroantiserum and a novel 42,000 dalton protein with anti-p44,12 heteroantiserum.
Authors: Boto W O , Humphreys R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Membrane proteins of [35S]methionine-labeled, human T lymphocytes were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gradient slab gel electrophoresis and autoradiography each day during a 6-day period of activation with phytohemagglutinin or with concanavalin A. This process was characterized by the novel appearance and limited duration of synthesis of many proteins, in particular of 30, 35, 48, 50, and 55 kilodalton molecules in the early days of blast transformation and subsequently of 120, 125, 135, and 145 kilodalton proteins. The HLAA-A,-B antigens and beta 2-microglobulin, as recognized by anti-p44,12 serum, were synthesized by both resting and mitogen-activated T cells on each day of culture. But, an additional 42-kilodalton protein was recognized with this same antiserum on days 4 and 5 of activation. A 70-kilodalton protein, immunoprecipitated by anti-p23,30 (anti-HLA-protein, immunoprecipitated by anti-p23,30 (anti-HLA-DR) heteroantiserum, was synthesized principally on days 2 and 4 of mitogenic transformation. This molecule was absent from normal, resting T cells, the T cell line, CCRF-CEM, and the B cell line, Raji. In a parallel test, the same anti-p23,30 serum detected the conventional HLA-DR bimolecular glycoprotein complex of 29 and 34 kilodaltons in nonionic detergent solubilized Raji B cell membrane preparations. This study described in detail the molecular changes in the membrane proteins of activated T lymphocytes and included the definition of novel forms of HLA-A,B and HLA-DR associated molecules.
An abnormality of immune complex kinetics in murine lupus.
Authors: Magilavy D B , Rifai A , Plotz P H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to understand better the role of immune complex metabolism in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, we have investigated the early stages of immune complex uptake by the liver, the major organ responsible for clearance of soluble complexes in the mouse. Livers were perfused in situ via the portal vein over 3 to 5 min with trace amounts of radiolabeled soluble model immune complexes. In 4 nonautoimmune strains (BALB/c, DBA/2, CAF1, NZW) 60 to 72% of the model complexes perfused were taken up and remained in the liver after 20 min of continuous perfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer. In NZB and NZB/W F1 female mice at ages 0.5 to 11 mo, 66 to 78% of the model complexes remined in the liver. However, when a dose of heat-aggregated human gamma-globulin sufficient to saturate the reticuloendothelial system was perfused 7 min after radiolabeled complexes, 15.2 +/- 7.2% (mean +/- SD) of the complexes were displaced in the nonautoimmune strains. In contrast, 32.6 +/- 10.5% of the complexes were displaced from the liver in NZB and NZB/W F1 female mice (p &lt; 0.001). Thus, although hepatic uptake of immune complexes in autoimmune mice appears to be normal or even enhanced, there may be impaired phagocytosis by the hepatic RES or weaker binding of complexes to the surface of the Kupffer cells. Such surface-bound immune complexes remaining accessible to the circulation may contribute to the autoimmune process.
Interleukin-2 induction of hapten-specific cytolytic T cells in nude mice.
Authors: Gillis S , Watson J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In light of i) increasing evidence that the thymus guides the development and antigen recognition repertoire of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and ii) the capacity of purified interleukin 2 (IL-2) to allow for the in vitro generation of CTL from nude mice, we investigated the ability of IL-2 to influence the in vitro generation of hapten-specific cytotoxicity from nude mouse spleen cell cultures. We found that stimulation of nude mouse splenocytes with trinitrophenol (TNP)-derivatized autologous or allogeneic spleen cells in the presence of IL-2 generated hapten-specific CTL. EFfector cells harvested from IL-2-supplemented cultures killed only TNP-derivatized target cells; however, the cytotoxicity observed was not restricted to a particular target histocompatibility type. This study confirms our previous observations that IL-2 has the capacity to induce growth of CTL from pre-T cell populations in the total absence of thymic influence. However, it is clear that the generation of H-2 restricted killing (recognition and lysis of cells bearing antigen presented solely in association with "self" H-2) probably requires further processing of pre-killer T cell populations by a thymus-derived differentiation signal. In addition, these studies provide further evidence that a major role of the thymus, in addition to programming effector T cell antigen recognition repertoire, may be its function to provide essential differentiation of the IL-2 producer T cell.
Cell-mediated immunity in herpes simplex virus-infected mice: H-2 mapping of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response and the antiviral T cell response.
Authors: Nash A A , Phelan J , Wildy P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An adoptive transfer system was used to investigate the H-2 restriction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to herpes simplex virus. A successful DTH transfer was achieved when donor and recipient were compatible at the I-A region, with K and D region compatibility unnecessary. However, the rapid clearance of infectious virus from the inoculation site was found only when the donor and recipients were compatible at H-2K (and presumably D) and I-A regions.
Acid hydrolases and tryptase from secretory granules of dispersed human lung mast cells.
Authors: Schwartz L B , Lewis R A , Seldin D , Austen K F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
beta-Hexosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, and tryptase were each released along with histamine from dispersed purified human lung mast cells of 40 to 80% purity by rabbit IgG anti-human IgE. The net per cent release ratio of each enzyme to histamine was determined over all doses of antibody employed to activate the mast cells and over all time points after activation, and indicated the per cent of each enzyme stored in secretory granules along with histamine. By multiplying the net per cent release ratio of each enzyme to histamine by total enzyme content in a preparation of 10(6) mast cells, values for secretory granule content per 10(6) mast cells were found to be 3.8 U for beta-hexosaminidase, 0.03 U for beta-glucuronidase, 0.03 U for arylsulfatase, and 0.9 U for tryptase. Subtype analysis of beta-hexosaminidase by diethylaminoethyl- (DEAE) cellulose chromatography revealed that the B isomer predominates in human mast cell secretory granules, whereas the A isomer predominates in secretory granules of the rat mast cell. Tryptase, the predominant neutral protease of the human mast cell secretory granule, has a m.w. of 130,000 by gel filtration chromatography, whereas the major neutral protease of the rat mast cell is chymotryptic and of 25,000 m.w. The presence of acid hydrolases, a tryptase, and histamine in human mast cell secretory granules suggests that the activated mast cell plays a direct role in the production of acute and subacute inflammation.
Single or multicellular origin of human T lymphocyte colonies in vitro: modification by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA).
Authors: Singer J W , Ernst C , Whalen C K , Steinmann L , Fialkow P J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The assumption that human T lymphocyte colonies have a unicellular origin has been directly tested with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 women heterozygous for the common X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) gene (GdB) and the variant GdA. T cells were cultured in semisolid medium in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and T lymphocyte growth factor with or without preincubation in suspension culture with PHA (2-stage and 1-stage assays, respectively). The enzyme type of individual T cell colonies was then determined electrophoretically at the lowest colony density with adequate growth (usually less than 100 colonies/dish). In the 2-stage system, 90 of 97 tested colonies had equal amounts of A and B enzyme activities suggesting multicellular origin of the colonies. Similarly, in the single-stage system, 21 of 31 colonies had both A and B enzymes. Increasing the density of the soft agar did not influence the frequency of A/B colonies. However, when 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a promoter of T cell colony growth shown in other systems to inhibit metabolic cooperation, was added, a striking decrease in frequency of colonies with both G-6-PD types was found. In the 2-stage culture, 0 of 9 colonies had a double-enzyme type and in the single-stage system, the frequency of A/B colonies declined to 9 of 34 (p less than 0.025). The data suggest that despite the apparent multicellular origin of T cell colonies in cultures with TPA, most colonies do originate from single cells when cultured with TPA at low colony densities. Stimulation of cell growth or inhibition of metabolic cooperation between cells by TPA are possible explanations for these differences.
Plasminogen activator is an apparent lymphocyte mitogen.
Authors: Cohen S D , Israel E , Spiess-Meier B , Wainberg M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Culture fluids of avian sarcoma virus (ASV)-transformed but not normal chicken embryo cells frequently elicited a mitogenic response in normal avian and murine lymphocytes. We examined the possibility that plasminogen activator (PA) might be responsible for the observed mitogenic effect. PA activity, present in culture medium, was correlated positively with lymphocyte mitogenic capacity. Treatment of cells with phorbol myristate acetate, which elevates PA levels, increased mitogenesis. Similar treatment with dexamethasone, which inhibits PA biosynthesis and/or secretion, reduced lymphocyte mitogenic activity. Addition to culture fluids of either benzamidine or diisopropylfluorophosphate, both specific PA inhibitors, blocked lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to culture fluids. In contrast, neither epsilon-amino-caproic acid nor trasylol, which inhibits plasmin esterase activity but not PA, abrogated lymphocyte responsiveness. Furthermore, purified urokinase, an enzyme of similar substrate specificity to PA, had lymphocyte stimulatory activity. These results strongly suggest that PA can function as a lymphocyte mitogen.
Cell surface glycoproteins of cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: Kaufmann Y , Berke G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CTL-blasts, generated in vitro or obtained from educated spleens in vivo, have previously been shown to display high levels of a unique membrane glycoprotein T145 (ca. 145,000 daltons), inferred to be a common CTL marker and implicated in CTL cytotoxicity. As shown here, however, these suggestions do not hold for all cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have shown that T145 is not expressed on highly active CTL-induced in vivo by a standard alloimmunization protocol. The finding that several CTL populations are T145 positive, whereas others are T145 negative, may be due to the existence of functional CTL in 2 stages of differentiation or may represent different CTL lineages. In addition, no correlation was found between cytolytic activity and expression of T145. The functional significance of T145 on CTL is discussed.
The mechanism of thymus-dependent antibody formation in bone marrow.
Authors: Koch G , Osmond D G , Julius M H , Benner R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the primary immune response of mice to i.v. administered thymus-dependent antigens the spleen is the major site of localization of antibody-producing plaque-forming cells (PFC). During the secondary response, on the other hand, large numbers of PFC not only appear in the spleen, but also in the bone marrow. By inducing B memory cells with a DNP-carrier complex and activating the DNP-specific B memory cells with the same hapten conjugated to a heterologous carrier, we show in this paper that B memory cells, but not necessarily T memory cells, must be present before booster immunization for PFC to appear in the bone marrow. The origin of the PFC that appear in the bone marrow during secondary type immune response was studied in parabiotic mice consisting of members congenic for the Igh-1 locus. From analysis of the allotype of antibodies produced by PFC in the marrow of such pairs of parabionts it appeared that antibody formation in bone marrow is dependent on the immigration into the marrow of B memory cells activated in peripheral lymphoid organs. Consistent with such a migration of activated cells, radioautographic studies in guinea pigs demonstrated an influx of newly formed mononuclear cells into the bone marrow via the blood stream during the first 3 days after intravascular antigen administration.
Role of prostaglandin E2 in the induction of nonspecific T lymphocyte suppressor activity.
Authors: Fischer A , Durandy A , Griscelli C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Activated human monocytes and concanavalin A (Con A)-activated T lymphocytes are known to suppress T and B lymphocyte proliferation and B cell maturation into immunoglobulin-producing cells. We have now shown that monocyte suppressive activity is predominantly mediated through release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is active only in the presence of a "short-lived," radiosensitive T lymphocyte subset. PGE2, at high concentration, can activate T suppressor lymphocytes (TS), which display the same characteristics as Con A-activated TS lymphocytes. Moreover, Con A activation of TS lymphocytes was obtained only in the presence of PGE2, as specific anti-PGE2 antiserum or indomethacin prevented TS activation; this suggested a double signal as a prerequisite for activation of the nonspecific TS cell subset. We propose that TS lymphocytes modified by Con A become sensitive to small amounts of PGE2 produced by monocytes that must be present during the Con A-stimulated activation phase of suppressive cells.