bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of recurrence in patients with an unprovoked tonic–clonic seizure and generalized epileptiform discharges on EEG
Authors: Jomaa Najo , Nasreddine Wassim , Hmeimess Ghassan , Beaini Shawkat , Beydoun Ayman , Hotait Mostafa , Wazne Jaafar , Beydoun Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe decision to initiate treatment in patients with a first unprovoked seizure remains controversial. Studies have reported a recurrence rate ranging from 21%–50%, but most have included patients with different etiologies, electroencephalography (EEG) findings, and seizure types. This study aimed to determine the risk of recurrence in patients with a first unprovoked generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizure with evidence of generalized spike–wave discharges (GSWDs) on EEG and compare the efficacy of antiseizure medications (ASMs) in preventing recurrence.MethodsThis prospective study included consecutive patients who presented with a single GTC seizure, evidence of GSWDs on EEG, and a follow‐up period of at least 1 year. All patients underwent extensive evaluation, including a 3‐hour sleep‐deprived video‐EEG recording and an epilepsy protocol brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment with ASMs was recommended for all patients. The decision regarding the specific ASM to be used was left to the treating physician's discretion.ResultsA total of 57 patients with a median age of 19 years were included. A total of 41 patients agreed to be started on an ASM while 16 declined. Seizure recurred in 6 of 41 patients (14.6%) in the treated group compared to 11 of 16 (68.8%) in the untreated group (p = .00006). Valproate was significantly more efficacious than levetiracetam or lamotrigine (p = .04). Of the 15 patients who discontinued ASM treatment after remaining seizure‐free for an average of 30 months, 6 (40%) experienced a seizure recurrence.SignificancePatients with a first unprovoked GTC seizure and evidence of GSWDs on EEG have a high risk of recurrence if left untreated. Valproate is the most efficacious ASM for preventing recurrence in this population. A sizeable proportion of patients can be successfully tapered off medication after a period of seizure freedom. This study provides valuable information for guiding treatment decisions in this patient population.
Analysis of optical absorption of photoaged human skin using a high‐frequency illumination microscopy analysis system
Authors: Ogura Yuki , Shimano Mihoko , Bise Ryoma , Yamashita Toyonobu , Katagiri Chika , Sato Imari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSkin is composed of different layers, including the stratum corneum, epidermal living layer and papillary and reticular dermis. Each has specific optical properties due to differences in their biological components. Alterations in the skin's cutaneous biological components resulting from photoaging caused by chronic exposure to UV light affect the deterioration of appearance associated with the skin's optical properties. Various methods for analysing cutaneous optical properties have been previously proposed, including mathematical models and computer simulations. However, these were insufficient to elucidate changes in each skin layer and comprehensively understand the skin's integrated optical properties. We focused on UV‐induced yellowing of the facial skin. We evaluated site‐specific optical absorption of human skin tissue sections to investigate the yellowish discoloration, which is suggested to be related to the photodamage process. The method includes our original technique of separating the transmitted and scattered light using high‐frequency illumination microscopy, leading to microscopic analysis of the tissue's optical absorption in the regions of interest. In analysing the sun‐exposed facial skin tissue sections, we successfully showed that dermal regions of aged skin have increased absorption at 450 nm, where yellowish colours are complemented. Furthermore, we confirmed that elastic fibres with observable histological disorder resulting from photodamage are a prominent source of high optical absorption. We detected changes in the skin's optical absorption associated with dermal degeneration resulting from photodamage using a novel optical microscopy technique. The results provide a base for the evaluation of optical property changes for both yellowing discoloration and other tissue disorders.
Global arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and abundance decreases with soil available phosphorus
Authors: Ma Xiaocui , Xu Xia , Geng Qinghong , Luo Yiqi , Ju Chenghui , Li Qian , Zhou Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely distributed soil organisms that play critical roles in ecosystem functions. However, little is known about their global distribution and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we aimed to explore distribution pattern and key predictors of AMF diversity and abundance at the global scale.LocationGlobal.Time Period1987–2022.Major Taxa StudiedArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.MethodsWe investigated the distribution pattern and key predictors of AMF diversity and abundance at the global scale by compiling 654 field studies.ResultsWe found that cold climate zones had relatively low AMF diversity. At the ecosystem level, grassland tended to have higher AMF diversity and abundance. Soil available phosphorus (P) and latitude were the most important predictors of AMF diversity. AMF richness and Shannon index decreased with increasing soil available P and latitude. Soil available P and soil pH were the main predictors for global distribution of AMF abundance. AMF colonization rate and spore abundance declined with soil available P and increased with soil pH. Mean annual precipitation was also an important, positive correlate of spore abundance.Main ConclusionsOur findings highlight soil available P as an important predictor affecting the distribution of AMF diversity and abundance, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the distribution patterns of mycorrhizal fungal diversity and abundance at the global scale.
Evaluating potential predictors of weight loss response to liraglutide in adolescents with obesity: A post hoc analysis of the randomized, placebo‐controlled SCALE Teens trial
Authors: Bensignor Megan O. , Bramante Carolyn T. , Bomberg Eric M. , Fox Claudia K. , Hale Paula M. , Kelly Aaron S. , Mamadi Rashmi , Prabhu Nandana , Harder‐Lauridsen Nina M. , Gross Amy C. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundAs childhood obesity prevalence increases, determining which patients respond to anti‐obesity medications would strengthen personalized approaches to obesity treatment. In the SCALE Teens trial among pubertal adolescents with obesity (NCT02918279), liraglutide 3.0 mg (or maximum tolerated dose) significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score on average versus placebo. That said, liraglutide effects on BMI reduction varied greatly among adolescents, similar to adults.ObjectivesTo identify post hoc characteristics predictive of achieving ≥5% and ≥10% BMI reductions at 56 weeks with liraglutide versus placebo in adolescents from the SCALE Teens trial.MethodsLogistic regression analysis was performed in 251 adolescents treated with liraglutide (n = 125) or placebo (n = 126) for 56 weeks. Baseline characteristics (selected a priori) included sex, race, ethnicity, age, Tanner (pubertal) stage, glycemic status (hyperglycemia [type 2 diabetes/prediabetes] vs. normoglycemia), obesity category (Class II/III vs. I), severity of depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), and weight variability (weight fluctuations over time). The effects of early responder status (≥4% BMI reduction at week 16) on week 56 response were assessed using descriptive statistics.ResultsBaseline characteristics did not affect achievement of ≥5% and ≥10% BMI reductions at week 56 in adolescents treated with liraglutide. Further, there was no association between weight variability and BMI reduction. Early liraglutide responders appeared to have greater BMI and body weight reductions at week 56 compared with early non‐responders.ConclusionsThis secondary analysis suggests that adolescents with obesity may experience significant BMI reductions after 56 weeks of liraglutide treatment, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, age, pubertal stage, glycemic status, obesity category, severity of depression symptoms, or weight variability. Early response may predict greater week 56 response.
Mitigating information asymmetry to acquire venture capital financing for digital startups in China: The role of weak and strong signals
Authors: Yang Yuxue , Fang Yulin , Wang Nianxin , Su Xiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses how weak and strong signals affect venture capital funding acquired by digital startups at their early stage in various industries of China. We also articulate the interaction mechanism of these strong and weak signals by demonstrating their complementary or substitutive effects in alleviating information asymmetry on startup quality, which can help digital startups secure venture capital financing. Drawing on signalling theory and institutional legitimacy theory, we introduce application (app) downloads as a novel strong signal that can reduce market legitimacy concerns, and previous‐round venture capitalist reputation as a traditional strong signal that mitigates regulatory legitimacy concerns. We treat founders' startup and IT experience as weak signals, as they provide rhetorical and indirect information indicating a startup's potential to establish regulatory and market legitimacy. The study empirically investigates our hypotheses using data of 163 digital startups in various industries of China. Results confirm the positive relationships between strong signals and venture capital funding secured by a digital startup. Furthermore, signals of similar strength are found to complement each other's effects in certain situations, while strong signals can reduce the effects of weak signals on a digital startup's financing performance under specific conditions that create these mixed effects. Implications for digital startup research and practice as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Validity and reliability of Chinese version of the new diabetic foot ulcer assessment scale
Authors: Luo YiXin , Mai LiFang , Liu XingZhou , Yang Chuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA specific assessment tool is urgently needed to guide effective wound care for diabetic foot ulcers. However, the tool has not been available in Chinese. We aimed to culturally translate and verify the validity and reliability of the new Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment Scale (DFUAS). The original scale was translated into Chinese according to the Brislin guidelines. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Each of the included foot ulcers was evaluated independently by two wound care specialists using the new DFUAS and by the third wound care specialists at the same time using the Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool according to per guidelines. 210 diabetic foot ulcers were included for data analysis. The S‐CVI of the Chinese version of the DFUAS was 0.96, and the I‐CVIs ranged from 0.89 to 0.98. The total Cronbach's Alpha of the scale was 0.709, and the corrected item‐total correlation of the items ranged from 0.4 to 0.872. The DFUAS had high inter‐observer reliability of 0.997, and there were weak, moderate, and strong correlations between each pair of the items. The Bland–Altman plots showed a good agreement between the scale and the Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool. We concluded that the Chinese version of the DFUAS showed good validity and reliability and is a reliable instrument for the assessment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Changes in fatty acids profile and sucrose concentration of coffee beans during drying process
Authors: Largo‐Avila Esteban , Suárez‐Rodríguez Carlos H. , Maya Juan C. , Ciro‐Velásquez Héctor J. , Chejne Farid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolar drying and forced convection of hot air (mechanical drying) are traditionally used for the drying process of coffee beans. This work describes the changes of the concentration of sucrose and 11 fatty acids contained in Castillo® variety coffee beans during the drying process using HPLC and CG MS. A single‐factor experimental design with three blocks was carried out like this: three solar and three mechanical drying. A phenomenological mathematical model was developed allowing to know the evolution of chemical compounds concentration over time by using a parameter called characteristic time, which can be experimentally measured. For the 18‐h mechanical drying, sucrose concentration increased by 14.55 ± 0.20 mg/g db, while palmitic and linoleic fatty acids decreased by 0.372 ± 0.013 mg/g dry basis (db). For solar drying of 94, 120, and 218 h the initial sucrose concentration was reduced by 24.81 ± 0.23, 29.28 ± 0.27, and 47.10 ± 0.21 mg/g db, likewise palmitic and linoleic fatty acids were reduced by 0.442 ± 0.010, 0.680 ± 0.012, and 1.088 ± 0.014 mg/g db. These results suggest that a short drying time leads to a higher concentration of the analyzed chemical compounds in the coffee beans.Practical ApplicationsThe coffee drying process impacts the concentration of chemical compounds that are of great interest in forming coffee aroma and flavor in the roasting process. This study highlights the impact of drying time on the concentration of sucrose and fatty acids in coffee beans. The main application of this research shows how in solar and mechanical drying variations organic compounds occur. The presence of these organic compounds in coffee beans is of great interest for the later coffee roasting process. The proposed phenomenological mathematical model allows a physical understanding in the effect of drying time on the concentration of sucrose and 11 fatty acids.
European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for colorectal neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Rinke Anja , Ambrosini Valentina , Dromain Clarisse , Garcia‐Carbonero Rocio , Haji Amyn , Koumarianou Anna , van Dijkum Els Nieveen , O'Toole Dermot , Rindi Guido , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Ramage John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis ENETS guidance paper, developed by a multidisciplinary working group, provides an update on the previous colorectal guidance paper in a different format. Guided by key clinical questions practical advice on the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumours (NET) of the caecum, colon, and rectum is provided. Although covered in one guidance paper colorectal NET comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. The most common rectal NET are often small G1 tumours that can be treated by adequate endoscopic resection techniques. Evidence from prospective clinical trials on the treatment of metastatic colorectal NET is limited and discussion of patients in experienced multidisciplinary tumour boards strongly recommended. Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and mixed neuroendocrine non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) are discussed in a separate guidance paper.
How do Status Differentials Affect the Unplanned Dissolution of Alliances?
Authors: Weng David H. , Tang Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests that firms tend to form alliances with counterparts of similar status. However, it remains unclear whether the principle of status homophily helps or hinders the alliance process. In this study, we contend that status differentials, rather than status similarity, can reduce the likelihood of the unplanned dissolution of an alliance, as a clearer order of status helps to resolve interfirm discrepancies and conflicts during collaborative processes. The results based on a sample of joint ventures in the US computer and telecommunications industries support our arguments. Further, we find that the effect of status differentials on the unplanned dissolution of alliances is strengthened when the high‐status firm performs better than the low‐status firm and when the two firms are from more related industries. Our findings call into question the emphasis on status homophily in the management of alliances following their formation.
The Impact of Sustainable Investing: A Multidisciplinary Review
Authors: Marti Emilio , Fuchs Martin , DesJardine Mark R. , Slager Rieneke , Gond Jean‐Pascal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe conduct a multidisciplinary review of how sustainable investing impacts the environment and society. Our review starts from the insight that shareholders can create impact not only through (1) portfolio screening and (2) shareholder engagement (two impact strategies most used by mainstream shareholders) but also through (3) field building (an impact strategy most used by shareholders at the periphery of the financial sector). Based on this framework of three impact strategies, we integrate insights from four disciplines (management, finance, sociology, and ethics/sustainability) to reconstruct how each impact strategy influences corporate sustainability. We identify 15 impact mechanisms through which the impact strategies produce three types of impact: portfolio screening and shareholder engagement mostly create direct impact on companies, while field building creates indirect impact via other shareholders and indirect impact via the institutional context. Our review suggests that shareholder impact emerges gradually as different types of shareholders build on each other's efforts, which we use to outline a research agenda on shareholder impact as a distributed process.
Rapid screening of sensory attributes of mackerel using big data mining techniques and rapid sensory evaluation methods
Authors: Huang Yi‐Zhen , Liu Yu , Yu Xi‐Liang , Li Ke , Li Guo‐Dong , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Dong Xiu‐Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the potential of big data mining technology in conjunction with rapid sensory evaluation methods for the swift screening of sensory attributes of three kinds of frozen mackerel. Specifically, two rapid sensory evaluation methods, namely ideal profile method (IPM) and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA), were implemented and compared with the conventional descriptive analysis method. The results revealed that eight sensory attributes based on consumer network evaluations demonstrated significant consistency during the training process (p < .05). Notably, the application of web‐based sensory attributes yielded highly comparable results between IPM and traditional descriptive analysis (0.915). Moreover, the results of the IPM preference map were in closer agreement with those of traditional descriptive analysis. While traditional sensory evaluation boasts high accuracy and a greater ability to detect nuances, the evolution of sensory evaluation technology has shifted its focus toward consumers. Rapid sensory evaluation analysis technology supports the collection of information directly from consumers, even by untrained or semi‐trained groups, thereby presenting broad prospects for product qualitative analysis.
A review of current chemistry, pharmacology, and regulation of endogenous anabolic steroids testosterone, boldenone, and nandrolone in horses
Authors: Dirikolu Levent , Lehner Andreas F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnabolic androgenic steroids are synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (androgens). These agents promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects). Anabolic steroids have been illegally used for many years as performance‐enhancing drugs in human, equine, and canine sports and as growth promoters in livestock reared to provide meat for human consumption. The analytical challenge to developing effective means of control within these fields has been exacerbated by the reported endogenous nature of some of these steroids. Anabolic steroids have been employed extensively in equine practice over the past 50 years. Their usefulness is largely dependent on subjective opinions, as only minimal studies investigating pharmacodynamics have been carried out in horses. Therefore, their use will vary markedly between practitioners depending on their personal experiences and pressures by trainers to use them. They form part of rational therapy in a variety of conditions. In addition to their use for increasing muscle mass, they are used to varying extents in the raising of yearlings and in the training and racing of horses with the view of improving performance. The use of these agents is prohibited in the horseracing industry by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI), International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA), and Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI).
Smallpox vaccination and the limits of governing through contagion in the Straits Settlements, 1868–1926
Authors: Lee Jack Jin Gary , Chua Lynette J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVaccination involves the encounter of nonhuman biological matter and human bodies, recalibrating our susceptibility to illness and death. This boundary‐crossing act has been caught in conflicting webs of moral significance, including the normalizing frameworks of public health governance and its corresponding forms of resistance. Such tensions and dynamics were a feature of smallpox vaccination ‐ the first modern, systematic state‐driven project to build population immunity. Focusing on smallpox vaccination in the British‐ruled Straits Settlements (Singapore, Penang, and Malacca) between 1868 and 1926, we examine the recurrent features of contentions over vaccination from the tentative beginnings of the 1868 Vaccination Ordinance to the systematic extension of vaccination in the 20th century. Engaging science and technology studies of nonhuman agency and social theories on security, we argue that such contentions demonstrate the limits of a power formation we call governing through contagion (GTC). GTC centralizes law and other technologies to normalize public health measures that combat contagious diseases, whiledysconnecting populations by its strategies of control. Our history of smallpox vaccination reveals: (i) GTC relies on the interconnectedness of human and nonhuman actors in protecting populations against viral threats; law is essential but does not necessarily drive vaccination or other strategies of control and (ii) resistance to GTC, in which law plays an integral role, reinforces inequalities and differentiated treatment, what we term endemic inter/dysconnectedness.
Epstein‐Zin utility maximization on a random horizon
Authors: Aurand Joshua , Huang Yu‐Jui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper solves the consumption‐investment problem under Epstein‐Zin preferences on a random horizon. In an incomplete market, we take the random horizon to be a stopping time adapted to the market filtration, generated by all observable, but not necessarily tradable, state processes. Contrary to prior studies, we do not impose any fixed upper bound for the random horizon, allowing for truly unbounded ones. Focusing on the empirically relevant case where the risk aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution are both larger than one, we characterize the optimal consumption and investment strategies using backward stochastic differential equations with superlinear growth on unbounded random horizons. This characterization, compared with the classical fixed‐horizon result, involves an additional stochastic process that serves to capture the randomness of the horizon. As demonstrated in two concrete examples, changing from a fixed horizon to a random one drastically alters the optimal strategies.