bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional versus compositional tests in the risk assessment of the impacts of pesticides on the soil microbiome
Authors: Sweeney Christopher J , Bottoms Melanie , Kaushik Rishabh , Aderjan Eva , Sherborne Neil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 216 nitrogen transformation test is used to understand the impacts of plant protection products (PPPs) on the soil microbiome. However, there is significant interest in developing the European PPP risk assessment to include new technologies such as amplicon sequencing to assess impacts on soil microbial community composition and diversity. We have little understanding of how to generate endpoints from amplicon sequencing data sets, their robustness, and whether they provide an appropriate level of protection to the soil microbiome. Our study addresses this key knowledge gap. We conducted a dose-response OECD 216 study with two chemicals, nitrapyrin and streptomycin, and calculated traditional functional endpoints, in accordance with the OECD 216 guideline, and used amplicon sequencing techniques to generate a range of endpoints based on soil bacterial diversity, richness, dissimilarity from the control, species sensitivity distributions, and threshold indicator analysis. We show it is possible to generate a range of endpoints from amplicon sequencing data sets; however, these endpoints varied significantly based on the calculation method, with up to a 101-fold difference between the least and most sensitive endpoints. Additionally, the relative sensitivity of these endpoints compared to the currently used functional OECD 216 metrics was compound dependent, with many endpoint calculation methods unable to detect the impacts of nitrapyrin on the soil microbiome at concentrations deemed ecotoxicologically relevant by OECD 216. Our study shows amplicon sequencing methods to study soil microbial ecotoxicology did not perform consistently and reliably when considering both nitrapyrin and streptomycin treatments and in many cases did not consistently provide an enhanced degree of protection over the functional OECD 216 assessments already integrated into the PPP risk assessment.
Exposome-wide association study of cognitive function in US older adults using the NHANES data
Authors: Jang Hyuna , Lee Jiyun , Nguyen Vy Kim , Shin Hyeong-Moo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases pose increasing challenges to global aging populations. Cognitive decline in older adults is an initial indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, yet comprehensive research on environmental chemical exposures related to cognitive decline is limited. This study uses Exposome-Wide Association Study (ExWAS) framework to investigate associations of environmental chemicals with cognitive function in individuals aged ≥60 years. We used the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores and chemical biomarker data of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning four cycles (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2011-2012, 2013-2014). We conducted multiple survey-weighted regression to identify biomarkers associated with DSST scores, Bayesian weighted quantile sum regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) of cognitive decline from multiple exposures to the identified biomarkers, and correlation network analyses to examine relationships among possible important biomarkers and cognitive decline. After correction for multiple comparisons, among 229 biomarkers having a ≥10% detection rate, 40 were associated with DSST scores (q-value &lt;0.05). When assessing the effects of chemical mixtures on cognitive decline, no association between mixtures of chemicals and DSST scores was observed. Correlation network showed that cognitive decline is directly related with age and education level and identified that thiocyanate, m-/p-xylene, triclosan, benzophenone-3 and diphenyl phosphate were weakly related to cognitive function. In conclusion, leveraging the ExWAS framework enables us to identify chemical biomarkers that were not previously discovered from traditional approaches of examining a small number of chemicals at a time. While our findings provide foundation for further research, longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate causal relationships.
A premature termination codon mutation in the onion AcCER2 gene is associated with both glossy leaves and thrip resistance
Authors: Lei Pengzheng , Pan Meihong , Kang Shiqiang , Zeng Peng , Ma Yu , Peng Yingmei , Ma Xiushan , Chen Wei , He Linyu , Yang Haifeng , Li Weiya , Zhang Shilin , Hui Linchong , Cai Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plant epicuticular waxes (EW) play a critical role in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. Notably, onions (Allium cepa L.) present a distinctive case where the mutant with defect in leaf and stalk EW showed resistance to thrips compared with the wild type with integral EW. We identified a premature stop codon mutation in the AcCER2 gene, an ortholog of CER2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana which has been proved essential for the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), in the onions with glossy leaf and stalks in our experiments. The data hinted at the possibility that this mutation might impede the elongation process of VLCFAs from C28 to C32, thereby hindering the production of 16-hentriacontanone, a primary constituent of onion EW. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in expression of genes in the pathways related not only to lipid synthesis and transport but also to signal transduction and cell wall modification in glossy mutants. Meanwhile, metabolomic profiling indicates a remarkable increase in flavonoid accumulation and a significant reduction in soluble sugar content in glossy mutants. These findings suggested that the enhanced resistance of glossy mutants to thrips might be a consequence of multiple physiological changes, and our integrated multi-omics analysis highlighting the regulatory role of AcCER2 in these processes. Our study has yielded valuable insights into the biosynthesis of onion EW and has provided an initial hypothesis for the mechanisms underlying thrips resistance. These findings hold significant promise for the breeding programs of thrip-resistant onion.
Artificial intelligence-driven analysis of embryo morphokinetics in singleton, twin, and triplet pregnancies
Authors: Gómez E , Brualla A , Almunia N , Zepeda-Hernández A , Valcárcel M , Torres I , Burgos I , Jiménez R , Villaquirán A M , Parmegiani L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, the transfer of more than one embryo has become less frequent to diminish multiple pregnancies. Even so, there is still a risk of one embryo splitting into two or even three. This report presents the case of a triamniotic monochorionic gestation in a 35-year-old woman, obtained after the transfer of a single day 5 embryo that had been previously hatched with a laser and subsequently transferred in a fresh IVF cycle. The morphokinetics of this embryo as well as another eight that produced monozygotic twins were compared with nine embryos that achieved singleton gestations. An artificial intelligence (AI) system was used to perform this analysis objectively. Embryo divisions leading to multiple gestations were slower across all analysed parameters. This was most evident in the time taken to reach the 5-cell stage (t5) (48.74 ± 3.21 versus 44.69 ± 5.61 h) and the morula stage (tM) (85.08 ± 10.00 versus 78.13 ± 5.35 h). Moreover, blastocyst diameter (161.80 ± 26.50 versus 179.10 ± 25.88 μm) and area (21 684 ± 7267.4 versus 26 516 ± 7254.8 μm2) were smaller in these embryos, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. This is the first report, to our knowledge, to use AI to analyse and compare morphokinetic parameters between singleton pregnancies and a group of embryos that produced twin and triplet pregnancies.
Biofunctionalities of seaweed hydrolysates and peptides from Pacific dulse (Devaleraea mollis): an in vitro and in silico prospecting approach
Authors: Mendez Rufa L , Stanisheuski Stanislau , Miranda Cristobal , Stevens Jan Frederik , Kwon Jung Yeon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pacific dulse (Devaleraea mollis) is a red macroalga species native to the Pacific coastline that is gaining interest for cultivation and consumption. As a promising source of plant protein, Pacific dulse was investigated for its potential for generating bioactive hydrolysates (BAHs) and peptides (BAPs) with health-promoting properties including the ability to mitigate inflammation, hypertension, and diabetes. Given that BAP discovery pipeline can be both costly and labor-intensive, we employed a prospecting approach to identify candidate BAHs and BAPs using in silico approach, followed by in vitro bioactivity validation. Hydrolysates from dulse, prepared through simulated gastrointestinal digestion, koji treatment, and bromelain hydrolysis exerted anti-inflammatory and enzyme-inhibitory activities against human DPPIV and ACE1. Additionally, dulse-associated synthetic peptides NNPTTIKPSAQVVW, VLPNTVFEAVVK, and HMYKTNWG inhibited the production of NO and IL-6 while downregulating inflammatory gene expression in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7). Together, these findings suggest that Pacific dulse has the potential to serve as a functional food and a source of BAHs and BAPs.
Effective utilisation of tea residues: physicochemical characterisation and hypoglycemic activity of cell wall polysaccharides prepared by sequential extraction
Authors: Li Fanglan , Zhu Jiangxiong , Wang Qian , Wei Xinlin , Wang Yuanfeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tea residues are usually discarded as worthless waste, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution. This study focussed on extracting water-soluble polysaccharides (W-TPS) from green tea residues and further isolating four tea cell wall polysaccharides (C-TCWP, N-TCWP, 1 K-TCWP, and 4 K-TCWP) using 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, saturated sodium carbonate, 1 mol/L potassium hydroxide (KOH), and 4 mol/L KOH, respectively. The study characterised these polysaccharides, revealing differences in chemical composition, monosaccharide composition, and morphology. Importantly, the research demonstrated the digestibility of W-TPS and TCWPs and highlighted the potent hypoglycemic activity of 5 polysaccharides. Furthermore, cell-based experiments indicated the potential of W-TPS and 4 K-TCWP in ameliorating insulin resistance. Notably, 4 K-TCWP exhibited promising results by significantly increasing glucagon gene expression and enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells. This study underscores the potential of tea cell wall polysaccharides as valuable bioactive compounds for managing blood sugar levels and emphasises the efficient utilisation of tea residues.
Advancements in gaseous sensor technology for ensuring food safety: a review
Authors: Ha Yeonjeong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Food waste is a significant global issue, and a large proportion of discarded food originates from domestic households. This underscores the need for effective methods to determine when food is no longer safe to consume, which could significantly reduce food waste. Current disposal practices largely rely on expiration or use-by dates, which often do not accurately reflect food spoilage due to varying storage conditions. Moreover, foodborne illnesses, which pose serious public health risks, highlight the need for more accurate spoilage detection methods. Recent advancements in food spoilage sensors, particularly those using colorimetric gas detection, offer promising solutions. These sensors, which detect spoilage gases without direct food contact, are enhanced by new materials and improved data analysis techniques. This review focuses on colorimetric gas sensors, exploring their principles and methods, including the use of user-friendly devices and image processing technologies. It also addresses the challenges and future directions for developing effective food spoilage sensors.
Effect of vacuum frying on changes in the quality attributes of three varieties of maize
Authors: Villacrés Elena , Manosalvas Luis , Simbaña Katherine , Quelal María , Villacís Nicole , Zambrano José 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, two vacuum frying (VF) conditions were evaluated for their impact on the chemical characteristics, acrylamide content, starch digestibility, and instrumental and sensory texture of three corn varieties (local maize, INIAP-193, INIAP-122). In addition, INIAP-193 was fried under deep-fat frying (DF) because it is the most widely used preparation technique for saccharate variety, and the effect on nutritional and colour components was assessed. The lowest moisture content and the highest lipid content were found in fried INIAP-193 under DF. Frying led to an increase in total starch and resistant starch, while amylose, slow digestible starch, and total sugars decreased in fried kernels under VF, compared to raw grains. Fried INIAP-193 under DF had a higher acrylamide content, which correlated with its higher reducing sugar content. However, this fried variety under VF (140 °C, 11.3 kPa) received the highest sensory rating due to its lower hardness, reduced adhesion, and increased fracturability. Vacuum-fried kernels showed less nutritional degradation than their deep-fried counterparts. The correlogram showed significant positive correlations between the following attributes: hardness—sensory fracturability, instrumental—sensory fracturability, and instrumental fracturability—sensory hardness.
Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and hypolipidaemic effects of the pomace of Gamazumi (Viburnum dilatatum) fruit in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity
Authors: Iwai Kunihisa , Fujishima Hiroki , Wakayama Hayato 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Obesity prevention is emphasised as the first step in preventing lifestyle-related diseases. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase decreases the absorption of fat and prevents obesity, but synthesised inhibitor has side effects, such as diarrhoea. Viburnum dilatatum (V. dilatatum) fruits are cultivated and squeezed to manufacture beverages, and the pomace is generated. Therefore, the pancreatic lipase inhibitory and hypolipidaemic effects of V. dilatatum pomace in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity were investigated to identify natural inhibitors for obesity prevention. The pancreatic lipase-inhibitory ingredients in the pomace were identified as quercetin and kaempferol using high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In mice fed with high-fat diets for 30 days, the ingestion of V. dilatatum pomace powder or its lipase inhibitory fraction led to decrease adipose tissue weights and plasma triacylglycerol concentration. After oral administration of soybean oil, postprandial hyperlipidaemia was suppressed in mice fed with a fraction diet. Moreover, their faecal lipid excretion was greater than that of the control mice, demonstrating that the hypolipidaemic effect of V. dilatatum pomace was induced by the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of quercetin and kaempferol. These results suggest that V. dilatatum pomace suppresses lipid accumulation and is useful to prevent obesity.
Bread composite by wheat and novel Andean purple corn: dough rheology and physical and bioactive characteristics
Authors: Comettant-Rabanal Raúl , Chávez-Llerena Roxanna T , Chavéz Davy William Hidalgo , Silva Bárbara Amorim , Rimari-Barzola Ronald , Encina-Zelada Christian R , Delgado-Soriano Victor , Carvalho Carlos W P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the dough rheological properties along with the textural, physical, colorimetric, structural, total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant properties of breads composed of wheat and Peruvian INIA 601 purple corn flour at three levels of substitution (5%, 15%, and 25%). Paste profiles describe the gelatinization, swelling, and decomposition phenomena of starch-based systems. These profiles were strongly affected at 15% and 25% replacement levels of purple corn INIA 601, attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, which retarded starch gelatinization by increasing energy demands to reach paste temperature. Farinographic analysis evaluates key quality properties of the dough and provides insight into its rheological behaviour. In them, 5% purple corn flour substitution had a gluten-enhancing effect that increased the dough consistency, given the reducing capacity of the polyphenols that caused the aggregation of gluten proteins. But at levels of 15% and 25% it affected dough stability and tolerance properties (p &lt; .05). In the rheometry properties, the addition of purple corn increased the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) modulus. However, the hardness as the most important textural parameter of breadcrumbs was not affected up to 15% purple corn incorporation levels (p &lt; .05). Multivariate, heatmap, and correlation analyses identify patterns and relationships, offering insights into variable interactions. Correlation studies showed interesting associations (0.90 &gt; r &gt; 0.99) between the bread responses. In conclusion, the incorporation of INIA 601 purple corn can generate anthocyanin-rich pigmented breads with higher concentration of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, which showed physical characteristics like wheat without drastically affecting crumb cell structure and bread volume.
Enhancing waste utilization: efficient pectin extraction from mustard seed by-products
Authors: Sangpimpa Wanalee , Srichan Phatthamon , Banpacha Natthanicha , Janpeng Hiran , Setthaya Phatthawin , Samakradhamrongthai Rajnibhas Sukeaw 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the extraction of pectin from mustard seed waste using hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hexametaphosphate, and citric acid with hotplate and water bath heating and evaluate its impact on the physicochemical properties of the obtained pectin. The results demonstrated significant variations influenced by both the extraction method and solvent employed. The highest pectin yield (14.97% ± 0.62%) was achieved with sodium hexametaphosphate using hotplate heating, while the lowest yield (1.25% ± 0.30%) occurred when using citric acid under the same conditions. Pectin extracted with HCl via hotplate heating exhibited the highest degree of esterification (32.86% ± 1.90%) and methoxyl content (5.35% ± 0.31%). Furthermore, the highest galacturonic acid content was recorded for pectin extracted with HCl in a water bath (49.12 ± 4.02 mg/g). The scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed distinct morphological characteristics, emphasizing the potential of mustard seed waste for tailored pectin extraction catering to specific industrial applications.
Effects of extrusion cooking on nutritional and health attributes of sorghum and millets: special reference to protein and starch digestibility
Authors: Bhattarai Rewati Raman , Jayasree Joshi T , Sruthi N U , Rao Pavuluri Srinivasa , Johnson Stuart 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Millets, including sorghum grain, are gaining global interest for their rich nutritional profile and potential to develop healthy staple foods. They also have a propensity for low protein and starch digestibility and are high in polyphenolics. These properties provide challenges for designing nutritious and consumer-acceptable foods from sorghum that meet the needs of those under energy/protein malnourishment. In contrast, the high nutritional and polyphenolic profiles and low digestibility make sorghum the ideal grain food to assist those over-energy, malnourished and at risk of obesity and related chronic diseases, including those linked to oxidative stress. Sorghum lacks gluten-forming proteins; therefore, producing sorghum foods with desirable textures is challenging. Extrusion cooking of sorghum may be one processing solution to overcome these barriers and design staple ready-to-eat food products with consumer acceptability. This paper critically reviews the current state of knowledge on the influence of extrusion cooking on protein quality and starch digestibility of sorghum and millet-composite extruded foods.
A qualitative exploration of stakeholder perspectives of independent prescribing by newly qualified pharmacists: a theoretical domains interview study
Authors: Fawkes Megan , Mullen Rachel , Cutler Suzanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the perspectives of stakeholders on the General Pharmaceutical Council’s revised Standards for the Initial Education and Training of Pharmacists that enable pharmacists to prescribe at the point of registration, from 2026.

Methods
This qualitative study used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to develop schedules for structured interviews that were conducted with various stakeholders and recorded via Microsoft Teams. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, checked for accuracy, and then analysed using the Framework approach, facilitated by NVIVO® software.

Key findings
In total, 43 participants (patients, community, hospital and primary care pharmacists, GPs, and nurses) were interviewed. Eleven out of the fourteen TDF domains were identified, the most frequently cited being ‘beliefs about consequences’, e.g. reducing pressure on the healthcare service, and concerns that non-prescribing pharmacists will be disadvantaged by the change. The domain ‘environmental context and resources’ was also cited where increasing placement opportunities to develop the required clinical skills were key enablers to implementation, while a lack of confidence, and lack of space, equipment and commercial pressures were considered barriers.

Conclusions
Overall, stakeholders in the study were supportive of pharmacists registering as independent prescribers upon qualification, however, there were concerns raised regarding their readiness, as well as preparedness of employers for this change. These concerns must be addressed to reassure stakeholders and to ensure that universities and employers adequately prepare pharmacists to prescribe at the point of registration and provide them with support and the necessary infrastructure to do so safely.