bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediation of mPFC‐LHb pathway in acupuncture inhibition of cocaine psychomotor activity
Authors: Chang Suchan , Kim Hyung Kyu , Ryu Yeonhee , Jang Han Byeol , Ahn DanBi , Lee Bong Hyo , Youn Dong‐ho , Lee Bae Hwan , Kim Hee Young 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the lateral habenula (LHb) play roles in drug addiction and cognitive functions. Our previous studies have suggested that acupuncture at Shenmen (HT7) points modulates mesolimbic reward system in order to suppress drug‐induced addiction behaviours. To explore whether an mPFC‐LHb circuit mediates the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on addictive behaviours, we examined the projection from mPFC to LHb, excitation of mPFC neurons during acupuncture stimulation, the effects of optogenetic modulation of mPFC‐LHb on HT7 inhibition of cocaine‐induced locomotion and the effect of mPFC lesion on HT7 inhibition of nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine release. Acupuncture was applied at bilateral HT7 points for 20 s, and locomotor activity was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Although cocaine injection significantly increased locomotor activity, HT7 acupuncture suppressed the cocaine‐induced locomotion. The inhibitory effect of HT7 on cocaine‐enhanced locomotion was blocked by optogenetic silencing of the mPFC‐LHb circuit. In vivo extracellular recordings showed that HT7 acupuncture evoked an increase in the action potentials of mPFC neurons. Optopatch experiment proved glutamatergic projections from mPFC to LHb. HT7 acupuncture suppressed NAc dopamine release following cocaine injection, which was blocked by electrolytic lesion of mPFC. These results suggest the mediation of mPFC‐LHb circuit in the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on cocaine psychomotor activity in rats.
Genetic architecture of adiposity measures among Asians: Findings from GWAS
Authors: Agarwal Tripti , Lyngdoh Tanica , Khadgawat Rajesh , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Chandak Giriraj Ratan , Walia Gagandeep Kaur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdiposity has gradually become a global public threat over the years with drastic increase in the attributable deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Given an increased metabolic risk among Asians as compared to Europeans for any given body mass index (BMI) and considering the differences in genetic architecture between them, the present review aims to summarize the findings from genome‐wide scans for various adiposity indices and related anthropometric measures from Asian populations. The search for related studies, published till February 2022, were made on PubMed and GWAS Catalog using search strategy built with relevant keywords joined by Boolean operators. It was recorded that out of a total of 47 identified studies, maximum studies are from Korean population (n = 14), followed by Chinese (n = 7), and Japanese (n = 6). Nearly 200 loci have been identified for BMI, 660 for height, 16 for weight, 28 for circumferences (waist and hip), 32 for ratios (waist hip ratio [WHR] and thoracic hip ratio [THR]), 5 for body fat, 16 for obesity, and 28 for adiposity‐related blood markers among Asians. It was observed that though, most of the loci were unique for each trait, there were 3 loci in common to BMI and WHR. Apart from validation of variants identified in European setting, there were many novel loci discovered in Asian populations. Notably, 125 novel loci form Asian studies have been reported for BMI, 47 for height, 5 for waist circumference, and 2 for adiponectin level to the existing knowledge of the genetic framework of adiposity and related measures. It is necessary to examine more advanced adiposity measures, specifically of relevance to abdominal adiposity, a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders among Asians. Moreover, in spite of being one continent, there is diversity among different ethnicities across Asia in terms of lifestyle, climate, geography, genetic structure and consequently the phenotypic manifestations. Hence, it is also important to consider ethnic specific studies for identifying and validating reliable genetic variants of adiposity measures among Asians.
Acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease: Data from a national AIEOP cohort identify priority areas of intervention in a hub‐and‐spoke system
Authors: Munaretto V. , Corti P. , Bertoni E. , Tripodi S. I. , Guerzoni M. E. , Cesaro S. , Arcioni F. , Piccolo C. , Mina T. , Zecca M. , Cuzzubbo D. , Casale M. , Palazzi G. , Notarangelo L. D. , Masera N. , Samperi P. , Perrotta S. , Russo G. , Sainati L. , Colombatti R. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is a frequent cause of hospitalization in sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite advances in acute care, many settings still lack knowledge about ACS best practices. After the AIEOP Guidelines were published in 2012, suggesting standardized management in Italy, a retrospective study was performed to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of ACS in children. From 2013 to 2018, 208 ACS episodes were presented by 122/583 kids in 11 centres. 73 were male, mean age 10.9 years, 85% African, 92% HbSS or Sβ°. In our hub‐and‐spoke system, a good adherence to Guidelines was documented, but discrepancies between reference centres and general hospitals were noted. Improvement is needed for timely transfer to reference centres, use of incentive spirometry, oxygen therapy and pain management.
Intergenerational mobility through inhabited meritocracy: Evidence from civil service examinations of the early‐ and mid‐Ming dynasty
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Enying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe civil service examination system emerged to strengthen the emperor's power by recruiting political elites through open examinations. Did it, during the early‐ and mid‐Ming dynasty, facilitate intergenerational mobility? Rather than oversimplifying it as a single‐stage system of meritocracy, we propose a two‐stage evaluation framework. In the first stage, the Metropolitan Exam featured merit‐based evaluations and generated credentials necessary for becoming political elites. The subsequent non‐eliminating Palace Exam then functioned to assess the students’ organizational fit in line with an emperor's political calculations. In particular, those whose families served in the bureaucracy were favored, while those from affluent families were discriminated against. We test this two‐stage framework using the records of 12,427 students who passed 46 exams between 1400 and 1580, a period characterizing the heyday of this system. Our empirical findings from the mixed‐effect regression models confirm this argument and suggest promising directions for future research.
Mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory effects of xanthotoxin
Authors: Zhu Chan , Yang Yan , Song Yizhi , Guo Jun , Yu Guang , Tang Juanjuan , Tang Zongxiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractXanthotoxin (XAT) is a natural furanocoumarin clinically used in the treatment of skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis. Recent studies have also investigated its effects on anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cognitive dysfunction, and anti‐amnesia as a guideline for clinic application. However, little is known about its effects on pain relief. Here, we tested the analgesic effects of XAT in serious acute pain and chronic pain models. For acute pain, we used hot‐, capsaicin‐ and formalin‐induced paw licking. Nociceptive threshold was measured by mechanical stimuli with von Frey filaments. For chronic pain, we injected complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the mice's plantar surface of the hind paw to induce inflammatory pain. Heat and mechanical hyperalgesia were evaluated by radiant heat and von Frey filament tests, respectively. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effect of XAT, we used calcium imaging and western blot to assess transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activity and expression in isolated L4‐L6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine immune cell recruitment and proinflammatory factor release from skin tissue from paw injection sites. Our results demonstrated that XAT not only reduced acute pain behaviors generated by hot, capsaicin, and formalin but also attenuated CFA‐induced heat and mechanical hyperalgesia. The analgesic activity of XAT may be achieved by controlling peripheral inflammation, lowering immune cell infiltration at the site of inflammatory tissue, reducing inflammatory factor production, and therefore inhibiting TRPV1 channel sensitization and expression.
Digital Module 33: Fairness in Classroom Assessment: Dimensions and Tensions
Authors: Rasooli Amirhossein 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerceptions of fairness are fundamental in building cooperation and trust, undermining conflicts, and gaining legitimacy in teacher‐student relationships in classroom assessment. However, perceptions of unfairness in assessment can undermine students’ mental well‐being, increase antisocial behaviors, increase psychological disengagement with learning, and threaten the belief in a fair society, fundamental to engaging in civic responsibilities. Despite the crucial role of perceived fairness in assessment, there are widespread experiences of unfairness reported by students internationally. To undermine these widespread unfair experiences, limited explicit education on promoting fairness in assessment is being delivered in graduate, preservice, and in‐service training. However, it seems that explicit education is the first step in capacity building for reducing unfair perceptions and related undesirable outcomes. The purpose of this module is thus to share the findings drawn from theoretical and empirical research from various countries to provide a space for further critical reflection on best practices in enhancing fairness in classroom assessment contexts.
Between “devoted mothers” and “disability advocates”: When Korean mothers of developmentally disabled adults become committed to social change
Authors: Oh Junghun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study explores how mothers of children who are young adults with developmental disabilities in South Korea experience identity strain and tension when they engage in advocacy on behalf of their children. Based on in‐depth interviews with 20 mothers in Korea who are members of parents’ advocacy groups, this article found that women experienced feelings of tension that arose when they deviated from normative understandings of what it means to be “devoted mothers.” Furthermore, they created two alternative versions of maternal roles—professional “I” mothers and professional “WE” mothers—that supported their identities as “disability advocates” in order to alleviate their emotional experiences. Such differences led them to practice different styles of advocacy in their interactions with disability welfare services. Based on these findings, this article discusses identity strain that emerges during the mothers’ political engagement on behalf of their disabled children. In doing so, it contributes to expanding current attention to parental advocacy activities in order to more deeply understand women's agential power to force social change and to act against existing state policies and power.
Born after the Volcker Rule: Regulatory change, managerial remuneration and hedge fund performance
Authors: Bowe Michael , Kolokolova Olga , Yu Lijie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSubstantial remunerative benefits accrue to managers of new hedge funds launched after the implementation of the Volcker Rule if their previous employer is a large US bank. After the rule, ex‐bankers' funds charge higher management fees and receive more flows as compared with other new hedge funds established during the same period. This phenomenon is related to changes in investor perception of the distribution of skills of new fund managers rather than to the actual differences in skills. Ex‐bankers' funds are indistinguishable from other funds in terms of performance, risk, and liquidation probability, both before and after the Volcker Rule.
Longleaf pine savannas reveal biases in current understanding of savanna biogeography
Authors: Pau Stephanie , Griffith Daniel M. , Zampieri Nicole E. , Costanza Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiased understanding of savanna biogeographyGrasslands and savannas exist across a wide range of climates. Mesic savannas, with highly variable tree densities, are particularly misunderstood and understudied in comparison to arid and semi‐arid savannas. North America contains historically extensive mesic savannas dominated by longleaf pine. Longleaf pine savannas may have once been the largest savanna type on North America, yet these ecosystems have been overlooked in global syntheses. Excluding these “Forgotten Ecosystems” from global syntheses biases our understanding of savanna biogeography and distribution.Evolutionary history and distinct climate of longleaf savannasWe assessed the evolutionary history and biogeography of longleaf pine savannas. We then harmonize plot data from longleaf savannas with plot data from valuable existing global synthesis of savannas on other continents. We show that longleaf pine savannas occur in a strikingly distinct climate space compared to savannas on Africa, Australia, and South America, and are unique in having wide ranging tree basal areas.Future directionsGrass‐dominated ecosystems are increasingly recognized as being ancient and biologically diverse, yet threatened and undervalued. A new synthesis of savanna ecosystems considering their full range of distributions is needed to understand their ecology and conservation status. Interestingly, the closest analogues to North American savannas and their relatives in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean may be Asian savannas, which also contain mesic fire‐driven pine savannas and have been similarly neglected in existing global syntheses.
A Treasure Hidden in a Field: Katherine Sonderegger on Scripture
Authors: Sanders Kirsten 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper considers Katherine Sonderegger's view of Scripture. In volume 2 of her Systematic Theology Sonderegger suggests a ‘dogmatic reading’ that overcomes the impasse of both a too historicist and a too theologically narrow view of the biblical text. As evidenced in her innovative reading of Isaiah 53, Sonderegger's engagement with Scripture is both thoroughly traditional and a novel approach to theologically engaging the biblical text.
Parochialism and Non‐co‐operation: The Case of Poland's Opposition to EU Migration Policy
Authors: Vaagland Karin , Chmiel Oskar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEU policy responses to the migration crisis caused by the Russian war against Ukraine challenge existing explanations of EU migration policy, which have typically leaned on economic rationales. This study leans on public attitudes to shed light on Poland's opposition to migration co‐operation across three recent European migration crises: Syria (2015), Belarus (2021) and Ukraine (2022). Throughout these crises, Poland has become a significant migration border country and one of the top refugee‐receiving countries. We build an analytical framework for exploring how the Polish government instrumentalised ‘parochial attitudes’ that prioritise sovereignty, locality and the in‐group and exclude out‐groups, and we analyse Poland's (op)position to EU co‐operation on migration through this lens. Using survey data, policy documents, 83 media articles and 10 interviews with policy‐makers and experts, we demonstrate that Poland's position on EU solidarity measures has remained static despite the dynamic, evolving circumstances and aligned with parochial attitudes amongst the public.
Comparative evaluation of different drying techniques for beef meat
Authors: Kamiloğlu Aybike , Elbir Tuğba , Dölek Muzaffer , Eşrefoğlu Emine Sedanur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the influence of different drying techniques (Convective and microwave drying) on beef meat's drying kinetics and color parameters. While drying rates with convective drying vary between .005 and .009 g water/g dry matter, it varies between .014 and .166 g water/g dry matter for microwave drying. Among the model proposed, for the conditions applied in the microwave and convective drying methods, the Midilli model gave a better fit. The Arrhenius‐type equation calculated the activation energies of beef samples. Activation energies were 64.15 and 449.86 kJ/mol for convective and microwave drying, respectively. According to measured L*, a*, and b* values and calculated ΔE, C*, and h° values, convective drying at 80°C provided the closest color characteristics to fresh meat.Practical applicationsBeef is a perishable food and storage conditions are very important. It is important to have information about the drying methods to be applied in the preservation of these foods in terms of process control. In this study, microwave drying and convective drying methods were examined and it was shown that microwave drying, which is one of the drying methods, shortens the processing time. However, in the convective drying method, color properties similar to the fresh product are provided. This research can provide theoretical guidance for further processing and preservation.
Clinical features of women with thrombotic microangiopathy in pregnancy: A case series from a single Japanese tertiary perinatal care center
Authors: Nagaoka Kanako , Kaneko Kayoko , Miyagawa Eiko , Abe Sawako , Kohno Chie , Tsurane Kotoyi , Mito Asako , Ozawa Nobuaki , Sago Haruhiko , Arata Naoko , Murashima Atsuko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimAlthough perinatal thrombotic microangiopathy has become increasingly understood, the racial characteristics of patients with this condition remain unclear. Herein, we report the characteristics of patients with perinatal thrombotic microangiopathy at a single institution in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study over a 5‐year period from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, using the electronic medical records of pregnant women who delivered at the perinatal center of our hospital. We extracted the data of those who developed perinatal thrombotic microangiopathy and evaluated their characteristics at the time of disease onset, final diagnosis, and maternal and fetal outcomes.ResultsOf the 10 224 deliveries that occurred during the 5‐year period, only seven patients (0.06%) had perinatal thrombotic microangiopathy. The median pre‐pregnant body mass index was 18.65 kg/m2 (minimum 17.3 kg/m2, maximum 20.7 kg/m2). More than half of the patients were conceived by in‐vitro fertilization, and 42% these had twin deliveries. Four patients had a history of rheumatic disease. The other three patients without underlying diseases developed thrombotic microangiopathy with HELLP syndrome, and one patient transitioned to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.ConclusionsBased on low body mass index and in‐vitro fertilization, which are characteristic of Japanese women, medical complications and twin pregnancies may be a risk for thrombotic microangiopathy. Additionally, depending on the cause of thrombotic microangiopathy, its timing and onset differed.
Scoping Review of Family and Community Engagement Strategies Used in School‐Based Interventions to Promote Healthy Behaviors
Authors: Michael Shannon L. , Barnes Seraphine Pitt , Wilkins Natalie J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool efforts to promote health among students are more successful when families and community members are involved.METHODSWe conducted a scoping review to summarize and categorize family and community engagement strategies used in US school and out‐of‐school time (OST) interventions to address physical activity (PA) and nutrition in kindergarten through 12th grade students.RESULTSThe National Network of Partnership Schools' Six Keys to Success framework was useful in organizing the types of family and community engagement strategies used in included interventions. Many interventions used multiple family and community engagement strategies, with the most common being communicating with families and community members; providing support or education to families; and collaborations among school/OST program and community to support students and their families.CONCLUSIONSThis review identified six common family and community engagement strategies used in school and OST interventions for PA and nutrition. Including family and community engagement strategies in school and OST interventions could play an important role in maximizing support, resources, and expertise to promote healthy behaviors among all students.
Physical Activity Interventions During the School Day: Reviewing Policies, Practices, and Benefits
Authors: Cornett Kelly , Murfay Ken , Fulton Janet E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere are many ways to increase physical activity (PA) during the school day as part of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Plan. This article reviews policies and practices that can be used during the school day to increase PA for students.METHODSWe searched systematic reviews for articles that met criteria (2010‐2018, phase 1), followed by a search for individual articles addressing topics for which we did not identify a sufficiently relevant or recent review or to update an earlier review that concluded insufficient evidence (2010‐2020, phase 2). We included 45 articles (45 studies, 54 interventions).RESULTSWe grouped studies by intervention type: school‐wide PA approaches to reach all students within the school setting (17), physical education (PE) interventions (13), and interventions related to recess (15). Few studies involved secondary schools or rural settings. Among 45 studies reporting PA behavior or fitness outcomes, 37 reported at least 1 improvement.CONCLUSIONSPA policies, PE, and recess can help improve school health by increasing the PA levels of students.
A Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Approach to Support Student Physical Activity and Nutrition: Introduction/Methods
Authors: Sliwa Sarah A. , Hawkins Georgianne Tiu , Lee Sarah M. , Hunt Holly 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe introduce the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child approach to supporting student and school staff physical activity and nutrition and describe the methods used to generate the evidence synthesized across the special issue articles.MethodsA 2‐phase literature review search included a search of systematic reviews (2010‐2018) for individual qualifying articles (Phase 1) and a search for individual articles on topics not addressed by a review (2010‐2020) or that needed an update because they were in a review that was older (2010‐2016) or showed insufficient evidence (Phase 2). Research librarians developed search strategies. In each phase, pairs of subject matter experts applied criteria to review abstracts and full‐text articles and extracted data using standardized forms. We included 314 articles, describing 293 studies.FindingsMost of the included studies looked at elementary or secondary school level interventions; 51% were rated poor quality, and few took place in a rural setting.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityMost of the identified studies engaged majority minority or racially/ethnically diverse schools, suggesting that these interventions are feasible in a variety of settings.ConclusionsThis collection of 10 articles identifies evidence‐based interventions, gaps in research, and implications for health equity.