bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical heat pumps beyond the Carnot limit
Authors: Wang Junyi , Chen Jincan , Su Shanhe 
Published: September 2023

Based on the working mechanisms of heat pumps and chemical pumps, a model of the chemical heat pump operating between the two thermal material reservoirs with different temperatures and chemical potentials is established. The general expression of the coefficient of performance (i.e. generalized Carnot coefficient of performance) is derived, and a series of meaningful results are obtained. The different characteristics of the chemical heat pump operating under different conditions are revealed. It is found that the coefficient of performance of the chemical heat pump can be larger than that of the Carnot heat pump operating under the same temperature span or the reversible coefficient of performance of the chemical pump operating under the same chemical potential span. The reason is that the chemical heat pump operating between two thermal material reservoirs is driven by the temperature field and the chemical potential field at the same time. Moreover, it is expounded that these results accord with the second law of thermodynamics.
Simulation design and analysis 9-level H-bridge single phase stepdown cyclo inverter
Authors: Setiyono Setiyono , Wibowo Kunto 
Published: September 2023

This DC-to-AC voltage converter is designed for output frequency controlled by a 9-level cascade H-bridge cyclo inverter with pulse width adjustment. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern and format of the voltage, output frequency, and Total Harmonic Distortion index of a 9-level IGBT cyclo inverter. The method used is to build a unidirectional power converter design modeling into 9 alternating levels with cyclo converter-controlled frequency settings using the Simulink MATLAB tool. The cyclo converter section is constructed with two P and N converters in a parallel arrangement. The frequency and trigger pulse width of both converters control the output voltage and frequency format of the cyclo inverter. The test results show a series of ladder waves with an output frequency, of (1/2f, 1/3f, 1/4f, 1/5f, 1/6f, 1/7f, 1/8f, 1/9f, and 1/10f). The simulation results show that the nth input frequency divider waveform is characterized by the emergence of a number of step pulses of n positive half cycles and negative half cycles. The Total Harmonic Distortion Index gets bigger when the system circuit is designed at a low frequency. This modeling can be implemented into a prototype that is used for variable-speed DC motor drivers.
Common Mutation in the
HFE
Gene Modifies Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Helmuth Timothy B. , Kumari Rashmi , Palsa Kondaiah , Neely Elizabeth B. , Slagle-Webb Becky , Simon Scott D. , Connor James R. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by bleeding into the brain parenchyma. During an ICH, iron released from the breakdown of hemoglobin creates a cytotoxic environment in the brain through increased oxidative stress. Interestingly, the loss of iron homeostasis is associated with the pathological process of other neurological diseases. However, we have previously shown that the H63D mutation in the homeostatic iron regulatory (
HFE
) gene, prevalent in 28% of the White population in the United States, acts as a disease modifier by limiting oxidative stress. The following study aims to examine the effects of the murine homolog, H67D HFE, on ICH.

METHODS:
An autologous blood infusion model was utilized to create an ICH in the right striatum of H67D and wild-type mice. The motor recovery of each animal was assessed by rotarod. Neurodegeneration was measured using fluorojade-B and mitochondrial damage was assessed by immunofluorescent numbers of CytC+ (cytochrome C) neurons and CytC+ astrocytes. Finally, the molecular antioxidant response to ICH was quantified by measuring Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor), GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), and FTH1 (H-ferritin) levels in the ICH-affected and nonaffected hemispheres via immunoblotting.

RESULTS:
At 3 days post-ICH, H67D mice demonstrated enhanced performance on rotarod compared with wild-type animals despite no differences in lesion size. Additionally, H67D mice displayed higher levels of Nrf2, GPX4, and FTH1 in the ICH-affected hemisphere; however, these levels were not different in the contralateral, non-ICH–affected hemisphere. Furthermore, H67D mice showed decreased degenerated neurons, CytC+ Neurons, and CytC+ astrocytes in the perihematomal area.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest that the H67D mutation induces a robust antioxidant response 3 days following ICH through Nrf2, GPX4, and FTH1 activation. This activation could explain the decrease in degenerated neurons, CytC+ neurons, and CytC+ astrocytes in the perihematomal region, leading to the improved motor recovery. Based on this study, further investigation into the mechanisms of this neuroprotective response and the effects of the H63D HFE mutation in a population of patients with ICH is warranted.
The NCAR GPS Dropwindsonde and Its Impact on Hurricane Operations and Research
Authors: Aberson Sim D. , Zhang Jun A. , Zawislak Jonathan , Sellwood Kathryn , Rogers Robert , Cione Joseph J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The global positioning system dropwindsonde has provided thousands of high-resolution kinematic and thermodynamic soundings in and around tropical cyclones (TCs) since 1997. These data have revolutionized the understanding of TC structure, improved forecasts, and validated observations from remote sensing platforms. About 400 peer-reviewed studies on TCs using these data have been published to date. This paper reviews the history of dropwindsonde observations, changes to dropwindsonde technology since it was first used in TCs in 1982, and how the data have improved forecasting and changed our understanding of TCs.
This Is Your Brain on Autopilot 2.0: The Influence of Practice on Driver Workload and Engagement During On-Road, Partially Automated Driving
Authors: McDonnell Amy S. , Crabtree Kaedyn W. , Cooper Joel M. , Strayer David L. 
Published: September 2023

Objective This on-road study employed behavioral and neurophysiological measurement techniques to assess the influence of six weeks of practice driving a Level 2 partially automated vehicle on driver workload and engagement. Background Level 2 partial automation requires a driver to maintain supervisory control of the vehicle to detect “edge cases” that the automation is not equipped to handle. There is mixed evidence regarding whether drivers can do so effectively. There is also an open question regarding how practice and familiarity with automation influence driver cognitive states over time. Method Behavioral and neurophysiological measures of driver workload and visual engagement were recorded from 30 participants at two testing sessions—with a six-week familiarization period in-between. At both testing sessions, participants drove a vehicle with partial automation engaged (Level 2) and not engaged (Level 0) on two interstate highways while reaction times to the detection response task (DRT) and neurophysiological (EEG) metrics of frontal theta and parietal alpha were recorded. Results DRT results demonstrated that partially automated driving placed more cognitive load on drivers than manual driving and six weeks of practice decreased driver workload—though only when the driving environment was relatively simple. EEG metrics of frontal theta and parietal alpha showed null effects of partial automation. Conclusion Driver workload was influenced by level of automation, specific highway characteristics, and by practice over time, but only on a behavioral level and not on a neural level. Application These findings expand our understanding of the influence of practice on driver cognitive states under Level 2 partial automation.
Culturable airborne fungi communities in naturally ventilated indoor spaces of old residential buildings in Poland
Authors: Kacprzak Małgorzata , Stolarska Magdalena , Lis Piotr 
Published: September 2023

The fungal communities inhabiting apartments in multifamily buildings ( N = 33 apartments) with natural ventilation were determined during seasonal variation in the south part of Poland (Silesia region). It was found that the average level of CO2 concentration usually not exceeded 1000 ppm. The minimal value was noted in November – 402 ppm, however the maximal concentration was equal 6156 ppm and obtained in June. The average fungal colony forming units (CFU/m3) was calculated as follows: 1.06 × 102 (February), 1.17 × 102 (June) and 2.98 × 102 (November). The most frequently occurred species/genera: yeast and yeast-like fungi, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhodotorula rubra; Culvaraia lunata, Dematiaceae family, Ulocladium consortiale, Verticillium spp.; Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata; Oidiodendron griseum. The cluster analysis showed no mutual similarity between communities of air fungi isolated from bathrooms of all studied apartments as well as between communities isolated from other indoor spaces (rooms, kitchens, halls). This suggests that natural ventilation has no (or minimal effect) on the propagation of fungal spores between apartments. Statistically significant positive correlation between the concentration of fungi in the air and external humidity, carbon dioxide levels (February, November), and external temperature (November) were found. This study provides that natural ventilation has no effect on the spread of fungal spores inside the building and are not contributed to increase of fungal airborne health risk transmission. It also shows evidence of seasonal changes in carbon dioxide in multi-family homes with natural ventilation. This may give input to establish CO2 benchmark data in such type of buildings.
Evaluation of the results of urodynamic studies in patients with vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Narouie Behzad , Mirzakhanlouei Ali , Ahmadzade Mohadese , Rouientan Hamidreza , Dadpour Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

Background: To investigate urodynamic abnormalities associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in toilet-trained children. Methods: The data of 157 children who were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux and referred to our hospital between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. The urodynamic parameters were analyzed and correlated with age, gender, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), reflux severity, and laterality. Results: Overall, 131 (83.4%) patients had abnormal urodynamic findings with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4. The most common pathological finding was detrusor overactivity (DO), identified in 101 (64.3%) patients, followed by dysfunctional voiding (DV) in 74 (50.3%) patients. Children with VUR grades II and III exhibited a greater percentage of abnormal urodynamic findings than children with grades IV and V. The prevalence of DO was higher in children younger than 10 years old with unilateral and lower-grade VURs. DV was more frequent in children older than 10 years, with bilateral VUR, and higher grade VUR. The prevalence of LUTS, bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD), and urinary tract infection (UTI) was higher among children with abnormal urodynamic findings. Conclusions: Children with VUR have a high incidence of urodynamic disorders. Urodynamic dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of VUR, especially in mild cases.
Predictors for future development of systemic lupus erythematosus in Korean Sjögren’s syndrome patients
Authors: Lee Bong-Woo , Kwon Eui-Jong , Park Youngjae , Lee Jennifer Jooha , Ju Ji Hyeon , Park Sung-Hwan , Kwok Seung-Ki 
Published: September 2023

Objective This study determined the impact of demographic factors, clinical manifestations, disease activity, and serological tests at baseline on future SLE development in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients. Methods This retrospective study assessed 1,082 SS patients without other autoimmune diseases at baseline who visited our hospital between January 2012 and March 2021. We analyzed demographic features, extra-glandular manifestations (EGMs), clinical indices, and laboratory values at baseline between the two groups divided per future SLE development (SS/SLE group vs SS group). The probability and predictors of SLE development in SS patients were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Results The median follow-up duration was 1083.5 days. Forty-nine patients (4.5%) developed SLE that met the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics or 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. The baseline EULAR SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) score was significantly higher in the SS/SLE group ( p < .001). The SS/SLE group had more lymphadenopathy and renal involvement ( p = .015 and p = .017, respectively). Shorter SS disease duration (<3 years) (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, p = .0328), high ESSDAI (HR = 8.24, p < .0001), leukopenia (HR = 4.17, p = .0005), thrombocytopenia (HR = 3.38, p = .0059), hypocomplementemia (HR = 29.06, p<.0001), and positive for anti-dsDNA (HR = 13.70, p < .0001), anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) (HR = 3.82, p = .0027), and anti-ribosomal P (HR = 6.70, p = .0002) at baseline were SLE development predictors in SS patients. Conclusion Shorter disease duration and higher disease activity of SS at baseline may be risk factors for future SLE development. Serologic predictors of SLE development are hypocomplementemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and positivity for anti-dsDNA, anti-RNP, and anti-ribosomal P antibodies. If the above factors are observed, close monitoring will be necessary during the follow-up period, considering the possibility of future SLE development.
Network Pharmacology-based Analysis of the Effects of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction on Ischemic Stroke*
Authors: Gong Xiaoyang , Zhou Jiaqi , Xia Haonan , You Chong , Liu Yong 
Published: September 2023

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms and material basis of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) in treating clinical Ischemic stroke (IS) using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Materials and Methods The study retrieved and screened the practical components of HGWD from the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and ETCM databases. Target prediction was performed using the SwissTargetPrediction database, and disease targets for IS were obtained from the Gene Cards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. The regulatory targets for HGWD in treating IS were obtained by VENN analysis, and the protein-protein interaction network of disease targets was constructed using the STRING database. GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID database. Results A total of 227 active ingredients and 354 drug targets were obtained for HGWD, and after combining them with 4,402 disease targets, 253 potential targets for HGWD to treat IS were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses yielded 251 gene functions and 422 pathways. The study found that the active components in HGWD may treat IS through the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and other targets. Conclusion The study identified potential molecular mechanisms and the material basis of HGWD in treating clinical IS. The results suggest that HGWD could be a promising therapeutic approach for treating IS, and further experimental validation is needed.
Network Pharmacology-based Analysis to Investigate Bioactive from the Root of Astragalus membranaceus against Immunomodulatory Protein and their Role in Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT)
Authors: Wen Yi , Li Changda , Zeng Yifan , Zhou Chanyuan , Zhang Qiang , Gao Tianshu 
Published: September 2023

Background The thyroid is the prime organ of infection during the onset of autoimmune disease. The disease is known as Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). In recent times, AIT has been alarming worldwide, with growing attention towards pharmaceutical companies for finding new drugs for therapy. The present investigation aims to use a multi-targeting approach to identify the best compound from the root of Astragalus membranaceus for synergistic therapy of AIT. Materials and Methods To explore the mechanism of action of the compounds, the present study uses network pharmacology-based methods. Totally, 48 genes involved in AIT were collected from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). Gene ontology (GO) annotation, disease ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted. The chemical structure of the compounds from A. membranaceus was retrieved from the PubChem database. To study the toxic and pharmacological efficiency of the chemical structure, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) screening was performed. Results The ononin and astroside were identified as suitable with all the pharmacokinetic properties can be employed to identify the disease targets. The intersection between the compound target (C-T-N) and the AIT-related genes was identified. Totally 16 genes among the C-T networks of ononin and astroside have shown interaction with thyroid disease-related pathways and signaling pathways. Consequently, the overlapping genes between the C-T network and AIT-related genes were determined as IL2. However, from the pathway enrichment, AIT-related genes have been involved in several viral infection pathways. The genes involved in infection pathways are also targeted by ononin and astroside. Conclusion The underlying mechanism of action of the compounds on AIT-related pathways was also determined. Therefore, a network pharmacology-based strategy will provide new insight into AIT therapy. However, further studies are required to validate the investigation that can prove bioactive as a promising candidate for the treatment of AIT.
Pain, Drug Leakage and Inflammation Associated with Intramuscular Injections of Magnesium Sulfate in Preeclamptic Women: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Babu Jayanthy J. , Venkadalakshmi V. , Dhandapani Manju , Chopra Seema 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the drug of choice for preventing and treating convulsions in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia by intramuscular (IM) and IV (IV) regimen. Repeated IM injections of MgSO4 at the same site causes pain, drug leakage, and injection site inflammation. To manage IM injection-related complications, it is important to have an estimation of these adverse effects. Objective: To evaluate the pain, drug leakage, and inflammation associated with IM injections of MgSO4. Material and Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out in the labor room, PGIMER, Chandigarh. Thirty study participants diagnosed and admitted with preeclampsia were recruited by the total enumeration sampling technique. Each patient received eight IM injections of MgSO4 on the dorsogluteal site as prescribed by the obstetrician. Identification details, clinical, and biophysical characteristics were collected. The pain was assessed by a numerical rating scale (NRS). Sterile blotting paper was used to assess the drug leakage by measuring the wet area of the blotting paper and recording in cm2. A gridded transparent sheet was used for measuring inflammation. The area of the swelling marked and measured by placing the gridded transparent sheet over the swelling and recording in cm2. Results: Pain and drug leakage was significantly increased from the first injection to the eighth injection ( P < .05) and inflammation of 100.60 ± 21.23 (Right), 102.07 ± 21.23 (left) cm2 recorded over the buttocks. Conclusion: Significant increase in pain, drug leakage, and inflammation were recorded during the IM administration of MgSO4. For reducing the pain, drug leakage, and inflammation, nonpharmacological interventions and different techniques of IM injections are recommended.
Lived Experiences of Nurses During Quarantine: A Qualitative Study from North India
Authors: Kalyan Geetanjli , Sharma Nitasha , Kaur Sukhpal , Saini Sushma Kumari , Saini Ruchi , Kumari Bandna , Mehta Richa , Grover Sandeep , Das Karobi , Bhalla Ashish 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The literature related to quarantined nurses’ lived experiences working in nondesignated COVID settings is scarce. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of quarantined nurses after accidental exposure in nondesignated COVID areas in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: It was a qualitative phenomenological study. Snowball sampling technique was used to interview 11 nurses. The in-depth interviews were conducted telephonically using a prevalidated interview guide during October 2020 to February 2021. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and translated to English. Thematic analysis was done using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The findings depicting similar codes were grouped into subthemes and themes. The findings are presented thematically with corresponding participant quotes. Results: Out of 11, six (55%) participants were quarantined in home and five (45%) in the institutional facilities. The major themes that emerged were: “psychological reactions,” “quarantine: the positive aspect,” and “support system” among the home quarantined nurses. The major themes in the institutional facility quarantined nurses were: “psychological reactions,” “poor quality of institutional quarantine facility,” “quarantine: the positive aspect,” “support system,” and “quarantine: a learning experience.” The nurses experienced various negative emotions during quarantine. Conclusion: To safeguard the physical and mental health of nurses, comprehensive support should be provided by the authorities in terms of availability of basic amenities and quality services during quarantine. Regular training and constant motivation are needed to promote their mental preparedness for crisis management.