bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RCS MOMENT FRAMES IN HIGH SEISMIC ZONES IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Fargier‐Gabaldon Luis B. , Cordova Paul , Parra‐Montesinos Gustavo , Deierlein Gregory 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe research on composite moment connections for seismic applications is examined to propose an update of the Guidelines for Design of Joints Between Steel Beams and Reinforced Concrete Columns, published by the ASCE in 1994. These guidelines were developed based on limited experimental data and restrict composite moment frames to zones of low to moderate seismicity. Recent experimental data, however, support their use in high seismic regions. A database of full‐scale connection tests is included, accompanied by a comparison between strength measured experimentally vs. the calculated joint strength. Results from this comparison show good agreement.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Nontethered trans‐4 Bis(aziridino)[60]fullerene Derivatives†
Authors: Xiong Jie , Feng Shuang , Peng Rufang , Jin Bo 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe stereoselective preparation of fullerene bis‐adducts through nontethered methods remains difficult due to the significant amount of regioisomers produced. The trans‐4 aziridino[60]fullerenes, C60(NC6H4R)n (n = 1 or 2, R = OMe, OEt, OBu), were selectively synthesized even without a catalyst by reacting octabromofullerene with the corresponding aniline. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and X‐ray structural analysis provided convincing characterization of the compounds. A possible reaction process was proposed to clarify the synthesis of highly regioselective trans‐4‐bisaziridino[60]fullerenes. The possible application of these aziridino[60]fullerene derivatives as propellant stabilizers was also explored.
The importance of nature‐inspired metaheuristic algorithms in the data routing and path finding problem in the internet of things
Authors: Dong‐liang Li , Bei Lu , Hai‐hua Wang 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOver the last decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become ever more popular, as is evident from its role in changing the human lifestyle and conferring remarkable privileges for them. It has a significant presence in various crucial areas, including smart cities, smart factories, manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. Massive amounts of data generated by IoT devices have the potential to endanger the lifetime of nodes in IoT‐based networks due to increased communication power consumption. It has become crucial to propose solutions for network‐based issues, such as quality of service, security, network heterogeneity, congestion avoidance, reliable routing, and energy conservation. To address the mentioned problems, routing protocols play a critical role in data transmission among heterogeneous items. In such environments, routing refers to constructing routes between mobile nodes. Since identifying optimal routes among IoT nodes and establishing an effective routing protocol in an IoT network are an NP‐hard issue, employing metaheuristic algorithms may be a viable solution to overcome this problem. Various IoT routing protocols based on metaheuristic algorithms have been presented in recent years, but there is still a lack of systematic study for reviewing the existing works. The current study emphasizes the impact of metaheuristic algorithms in the IoT routing problem, discusses the optimization models, presents a comprehensive comparison of protocols based on critical parameters, and eventually suggests some hints for future studies.
Morphological and physiological traits of dominant plant species in response to mowing in a temperate steppe
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Li Yuting , Bai Wenming , Lambers Hans , Zhang Wen‐Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMowing is common grassland management to feed livestock during winter by harvesting hay in many high‐latitude regions in autumn. The trait‐based approach has been used to explain the responses of the plant community to disturbance resulting from environmental changes and human activities. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms underlying the responses of grassland ecosystems to mowing from the perspective of plant traits. Here, we investigated the effects of mowing on the plant community of a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia of northern China by field experiments to dissect the trade‐off between morphological and physiological traits in response to short‐term (4 years) and long‐term (16 years) mowing. Specifically, we evaluated the two strategies associated with the nutrient acquisition of two dominant species in response to mowing by measuring leaf and root morphological traits and physiological traits of root carboxylate exudation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and soil microbial community. We found that long‐term mowing, but not short‐term mowing, led to an increase in species richness. In addition, mowing decreased the overall plant biomass of the grassland community, but enhanced and suppressed the growth of forbs and grasses, respectively. However, the ratio of forbs to grasses in the community was dependent on mowing duration, such that forbs became more dominant than the grasses under long‐term mowing. Our results revealed that short‐term mowing reduced soil microbial biodiversity and root colonization of AMF in the grass Stipa krylovii, while the root AMF colonization and carboxylate exudation in the forb Artemisia frigida were enhanced by short‐term mowing. In long‐term mowing, the functional traits associated with leaf resource conservation (i.e., leaf tissue density) and root resource acquisition were reduced in the grass, while the functional traits related to leaf resource acquisition and root resource conservation were increased in the forb, highlighting the species specificity and divergence in leaf and root traits in the grass and forb of temperate steppe in response to mowing. These novel findings demonstrate that physiological and morphological strategies are the main drivers for dominant species in response to mowing in temperate grasslands.
Reducing herbicide input and optimizing spray method can minimize nontarget impacts on native grassland plant species
Authors: Smith Annabel L. , Kanjithanda Raagini M. , Hayashi Tobias , French Jack , Milner Richard N. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInvasive plants threaten biodiversity worldwide and effective management must control the target invader while conserving biodiversity. Herbicide is often used to control invasive plants, but potential negative impacts on biodiversity have led to spot spraying being recommended over boom spraying to minimize the exposure of nontarget species to chemicals. We examined the influence of herbicide application methods on off‐target plant communities in threatened temperate grasslands of southeastern Australia, where spraying with the broadleaf herbicide fluroxypr is commonly used to control St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum L. It is well established that fluroxypr effectively controls H. perforatum but few studies have examined its impact on native forbs. A spray drift experiment using water‐sensitive cards indicated that ground surface coverage was higher for spot spraying (91%–99%) than for boom spraying (5%–31%). We established a replicated, 3‐year, before‐after‐control‐impact experiment across 48 1‐m2 quadrats to determine how three herbicide application methods (spot spray, fine boom and coarse boom) affected nontarget native forbs, the group most likely to be affected by broadleaf herbicides. This experiment was conducted in grasslands where H. perforatum was almost absent, so responses would reflect the direct impacts of the chemical, rather than structural changes resulting from removal of the target invader. Spot spraying decreased the probability of occurrence of native leguminous forbs, while increasing the occurrence of exotic leguminous forbs and the richness of all exotic species and exotic annual forbs. Spot spraying reduced the occurrence of the native Desmodium varians and the abundance of the native Chrysocephalum apiculatum. During this 3‐year study, native species appeared to be impacted either directly by fluroxypr or indirectly by increased competition with exotic species. Where herbicide application is deemed crucial in these grasslands, we recommend boom spraying when H. perforatum density is moderate to high. Spot spraying should only be used when the density of H. perforatum is very low. Given the regional variation in H. perforatum density, the spatial scale of invasion, soil depth, and conservation values, we present a decision tree to assist managers in evaluating the costs and benefits of chemical control, indicating situations where alternative or modified methods could be used.
Journal reflections shed light on challenges students face in an introductory field biology course
Authors: Treibergs Kira A. , Esparza David , Yamazaki Jeannie A. , Smith Michelle K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractField biology courses—which expose students to concepts through outdoor experimentation and observation—are a staple in undergraduate natural science education. Participation in field courses has been associated with increased academic success, retention, and strengthening of science identity. However, for some students, learning outdoors can pose barriers to comfort, enjoyment, and success and may contribute to alienation and attrition. To better understand the kinds of challenges encountered by students and how those experiences might vary by student demographics and prior experience, we analyzed journal reflections from undergraduates in an introductory field biology course using a mixed‐methods approach. We used open coding to characterize the challenges that students described and found that students identified challenges related to four categories: (1) scientific challenges, concerning concepts, field methods, and data; (2) logistic challenges, relating to factors such as the timing of the course and equipment; (3) conditions challenges, regarding difficulties with organisms, the environment, and inclement weather; and (4) additional challenges, encompassing a broad array of student difficulties. Using multilevel binomial modeling, we examined the effect of course factors (e.g., field lab topic and section) and student factors (e.g., demographics and prior outdoor experience) on the occurrence of each type of challenge within journal reflections. Field lab topic was the only effect likely to increase the presence of all four types of challenges for students. In addition, students with the most prior outdoors experience were less likely to report a logistic challenge compared with their peers in the course who had less outdoors experience. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations for how instructors can support students through challenges they face in introductory field biology.
Celsr2‐mediated morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes in neural repair
Authors: Liu Aimei , Yu Lingtai , Li Xuejun , Zhang Kejiao , Zhang Wei , So Kwok‐Fai , Tissir Fadel , Qu Yibo , Zhou Libing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeural repair is highly influenced by reactive astrocytes. Atypical cadherin Celsr2 regulates neuron development and axon regeneration, while its role in glial cells remains unexplored. In this study, we show that Celsr2 is highly expressed in spinal astrocytes of adult mice, and knockout of Celsr2 results in reactive astrocytes with longer protrusions preferentially orientated towards lesion borders in culture scratch assay and injured spinal cord, and elevation of total and active Cdc42 and Rac1 protein in western blots. Inactivation of Celsr2 enhances calcium influx in reactive astrocytes in time‐lapse imaging. Morphological phenotypes of cultured Celsr2−/− astrocytes are rescued by Cdc42 or Rac1 inhibitors. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), Celsr2−/− mice exhibit smaller lesion cavity and glial scar, enhanced fiber regeneration, weaker microglial response, and improved functional recovery than control animals. Similar phenotypes are found in mice with conditional knockout of Celsr2 in astrocytes. In Celsr2−/− mice, astrocyte phenotype is changed and neuroinflammation is alleviated after injury. Inhibiting Cdc42/Rac1 activities compromises astrocyte polarization and the improvement of neural repair and functional recovery in Celsr2−/− mice with SCI. In conclusion, Celsr2 regulates morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes and inactivating Celsr2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for neural repair.
The association between vitamin D intake with inflammatory and biochemical indices and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19: A case‐control study
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Rabbani Faezeh , Ahmadzadeh Mina , Hajipour Azadeh , Musavi Hayehe , Mobarakeh Khadijeh Abbasi , Salimi Zahra , Bahar Bojlul , Mahmoodi Zahra , Gholami Somayeh , Mirzaei Dahka Samaneh , Doaei Saeid , Akbari Mokammad Esmail 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has become a worldwide health issue with widespread hospitalization and dependence on the intensive care unit (ICU). Vitamin D has a key role in modulating immune cells and modulating the inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D supplementation with inflammatory, biochemical, and mortality indices in critically ill patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis case‐control study was conducted on critically ill COVID‐19 patients hospitalized in the ICU including the survived >30 day patients as the case group and dead patients as the control group. The status of vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory and biochemical indices of the patients were retrieved from the medical records. Logistic regression method was used to assess the association between 30 days survival and vitamin D supplement intake.ResultsCompared to the group of COVID‐19 patients who died in <30 day, the survived patients had a lower eosinophile level (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6 ± 0.0, p < .001) and higher vitamin D supplementation duration (9 ± 4.4 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9 day, p = .001). Vitamin D supplementation had a positive association with survival in COVID‐19 patients (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.15−3.40, p < .05). The association remained significant after adjustments fot age, sex, underlying diseases, and smoking.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 has the potential to increase survivability within the first 30 days of hospitalization.
Microvasculature and microstructure alteration in dry‐type high myopia
Authors: Li Shanshan , Li Fengshuang , Sun Jiao , Yang Min , Zhang Dawei , Wu Shengwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the alterations in the retinal vasculature and microstructure in dry‐type high myopia.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐nine dry‐type high myopia eyes were classified into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 86 eyes with no myopic retinal degenerative lesion (C0). Group 2 consisted of 71 eyes with tessellated fundus (C1). Group 3 consisted of 32 eyes with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (C2). Retinal vascular density and retinal thickness were measured with optical coherence tomography angiography. The scanning area was a 3 × 3 mm2 ring with the fovea of the macular. All data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 by one‐way ANOVA test among comparison groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relations among measurements. Univariate linear regression showed a correlation between the vascular densities and retinal thicknesses.ResultsThe microvessel density significantly decreased and significant thinning of the superior and temporal macular thickness in the C2 group. The vascular densities of macular decreased significantly with the increase of axial length (AL) and refractive diopter in the C2 group. The retinal thicknesses of the macular fovea increased significantly with the increase of vascular densities in the C0 group and C1 group.ConclusionsThe impairment of retinal microstructure is more likely related to reduced oxygen and nutrients due to microvessel density decreases.
A preliminary investigation to establish conceptual behavior in gray wolves (Canis lupus)
Authors: Bulla Andrew J. , Duke Madisen , Turcios Oscar , Brooks Khaz , Talbot Ryan , Lile Christopher , Davis Karen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConceptual behavior represents a type of complex stimulus control where an organism differentially responds to examples and nonexamples of instances within a stimulus class. Different species have demonstrated conceptual behavior both in their natural environments and through experimental investigations. The current paper investigates preliminary methods to teach conceptual behavior to gray wolves (Canis lupus). The researchers used a match‐to‐sample arrangement to teach three shapes: a triangle, square, and cross varying in size, color, and positions. Probe trials used a novel set of stimuli to test for the emergence of conceptual behavior. Although the wolves did not show an immediate transfer to novel stimuli following initial match‐to‐sample training, they did show improvement after explicit discrimination training. We discuss the implications of these results as well as future methods that may enhance experimental procedures investigating concept learning in canids.
A switchable joint in the head of dragonfly larvae (Insecta: Odonata) as key to the multifunctionality of the prehensile labial mask
Authors: Koehnsen Alexander , Gorb Stanislav N. , Büsse Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDragonfly and damselfly larvae (Insecta: Odonata) capture prey by rapid protraction of a raptorial mouthpart, based on a modified labium. Yet, in insects with biting‐chewing mouthparts, the labium has an essential role in food handling. These two distinct functions ‐prey capturing and handling—lead to a mechanical problem in Odonata larvae: while the labium is always protracted in a straight line during prey capture, food handling requires more dexterity. In this study, we investigate the role of the labium in the feeding process and analyse the mechanics of the labial joints in the dragonfly larva Anax imperator. Our results show that the labium features a multiaxial joint connecting the basal segment (postmentum) and the head. During feeding, a combination of rotations around different axes is used to handle and orient prey, which is unique among biting‐chewing mouthparts. Furthermore, we identified structures at the joint which likely restrict lateral motion during the predatory strike. Our results provide a further understanding of the unique prey‐capturing apparatus of odonate larvae capable of controlling a ‘switchable’ multiaxial to a restricted monoaxial joint. This concept highlights the evolution of a highly modified raptorial mouthpart appendage where the degrees of freedom can be actively restricted to allow for the respectively needed functionality.
Missed opportunities for HIV testing among those who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, tested for STIs and diagnosed with STIs: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saleem Kanwal , Ting Ee Lynn , Loh Andre J. W. , Baggaley Rachel , Mello Maeve B. , Jamil Muhammad S. , Barr‐Dichiara Magdalena , Johnson Cheryl , Gottlieb Sami L. , Fairley Christopher K. , Chow Eric P. F. , Ong Jason J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionOf 37.7 million people living with HIV in 2020, 6.1 million still do not know their HIV status. We synthesize evidence on concurrent HIV testing among people who tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using five databases, HIV conferences and clinical trial registries. We included publications between 2010 and May 2021 that reported primary data on concurrent HIV/STI testing. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of the pooled proportion for concurrent HIV/STI testing.ResultsWe identified 96 eligible studies. Among those, 49 studies had relevant data for a meta‐analysis. The remaining studies provided data on the acceptability, feasibility, barriers, facilitators, economic evaluation and social harms of concurrent HIV/STI testing. The pooled proportion of people tested for HIV among those attending an STI service (n = 18 studies) was 71.0% (95% confidence intervals: 61.0–80.1, I2 = 99.9%), people tested for HIV among those who were tested for STIs (n = 15) was 61.3% (53.9–68.4, I2 = 99.9%), people tested for HIV among those who were diagnosed with an STI (n = 13) was 35.3% (27.1–43.9, I2 = 99.9%) and people tested for HIV among those presenting with STI symptoms (n = 3) was 27.1% (20.5–34.3, I2 = 92.0%). The meta‐regression analysis found that heterogeneity was driven mainly by identity as a sexual and gender minority, the latest year of study, country‐income level and region of the world.DiscussionThis review found poor concurrent HIV/STI testing among those already diagnosed with an STI (35.3%) or who had symptoms with STIs (27.1%). Additionally, concurrent HIV/STI testing among those tested for STIs varied significantly according to the testing location, country income level and region of the world. A few potential reasons for these observations include differences in national STI‐related policies, lack of standard operation procedures, clinician‐level factors, poor awareness and adherence to HIV indicator condition‐guided HIV testing and stigma associated with HIV compared to other curable STIs.ConclusionsNot testing for HIV among people using STI services presents a significant missed opportunity, particularly among those diagnosed with an STI. Stronger integration of HIV and STI services is urgently needed to improve prevention, early diagnosis and linkage to care services.
Experimental and statistical analysis of wear on gear material
Authors: Ranjan Rakesh , Kumar Santosh , Ghosh Subrata Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to study the parameters that affect the remaining useful life of lubricant (RULL). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of gear oil is used to observe the contamination in the oil. Coefficient of friction (COF) has been found out using pin on disc tribometer using gear oil, and simultaneously, wear debris has been collected. Particles distribution and elemental analysis of wear debris were observed by emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) Field with energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) respectively. Oxidation, sulfation, soot and water content in lubricant increase with time and decrease the RULL. ANOVA is applied to find out the most influential parameter for wear debris and found a load on gears is the dominating factor for wear. This method is the potential to monitor the root causes of contamination and change in lubricant properties and may help to detect the other early signs of failure.