bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Developmental Stages and Immunization Challenges
Authors: Sarkar Santana Rani , Ray Nitai Chandra 
Published: February 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been spreading rapidly within the range of infected patients, with an alarming fatality rate, so it has become a global pandemic and public health concern. As a result of this situation, an accelerated track for vaccine development has been set in motion. A vaccine, which is made from biological products, would be the ultimate weapon against the coronavirus and the best way to return to normal life. Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been identified in preclinical models and are currently being tested in clinical trials. SARS and the virus that causes Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, are nearly identical, and both use spike proteins to bind to a specific receptor found on cells in human lungs. Based on previous involvement in the development of SARS-CoV vaccines, the SARS-CoV-2 immunization is currently being developed instantly in a variety of ways. Shortcuts in any of the steps of the research and development process can result in significant health hazards as well as a decrease in social confidence in the benefits of a vaccine. The purpose of this comprehensive review was to represent the developmental stages and challenges of various vaccine varieties used in the COVID-19 disorder.
CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 129-135
Complicações ocasionadas por bactérias gram negativas pós apendicectomia
Authors: Oliveira Andrielly de Souza , Pereira Neto Geraldo Cecílio , Nascimento Danilo 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Analisar os impactos das baterias gram negativas no surgimento de complicações hematológicas no decorrer do pós-operatório. Metodologia: Artigos, teses e dissertações, foram priorizados arquivos disponibilizados em periódicos científicos a partir do ano de 2015 sendo escolhidos arquivos em língua materna e em língua estrangeira inglês. As plataformas de pesquisa onde se buscou os artigos foram: Scielo, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Science Direct por meio dos descritores “Gram-Negative Bacteria” AND “Blood Circulation” AND “Postoperative Complications”. Resultados: O estudo contou com uma amostra de 4 artigos. foi possível evidenciar que não são raras as complicações por micro-organismos gram-negativos pós apendicectomia. Todos os artigos citaram majoritariamente a relação entre as complicações relacionadas às bactérias gram-negativas e o uso empírico de antimicrobianos no perioperatório e a resistência bacteriana. Conclusão: A escolha de antibióticos para apendicite complicada deve abordar padrões locais de resistência a antibióticos, a cultura intraoperatória nos casos de apendicite complicada parece facilitar a seleção de antibióticos pós-operatórios apropriados e, assim, minimizar as ISCs e a morbidade geral.
Análise das consequências e sequelas no paciente acometido pelo Covid-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Isabella Salvador e , Menezes João Daniel de Souza , Pereira Amanda Alves , Guarnieri Giovanna Marques , Chiminez Hericlys Matheus , Rodrigues Ana Maria da Silveira , Rodrigues Cléa Dometilde Soares 
Published: February 2023

O vírus SARS-CoV-2, conhecido mundialmente como Coronavírus ou Covid-19, nome dado devido ao formato e classe do vírus. É possível observar que há inúmeras manifestações em relação ao covid, indo em perspectivas distintas à interdependentes, é necessário analisar as manifestações clínicas comuns. Objetivo: compreender as sequelas apresentadas pelos pacientes acometidos pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: trata-se de um artigo de revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados: Esse trabalho foi realizado com 15 artigos criteriosamente selecionados e que responderam à questão norteadora. Conclusão: conclui-se que as alterações pulmonares estão entre as sequelas mais comum dos casos de Covid-19, sendo com a tosse, fadiga e alterações em exames de imagem, ainda não se sabe o período de instalação é possível regresso destas sequelas. As alterações neurológicas também estão presentes em parte da população, sendo a mais comum a perda e diminuição da sensação gustativa e paladar, não está claro na literatura o período da sequela do pós covid.
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade de pacientes vítimas de acidente vascular cerebral no estado do Piauí no período de 2010 à 2020
Authors: Rodrigues Sara Martins , Lima Talya Aguiar de , Camarço Maria Gabryella Pereira da Silva , Reis Renandro de Carvalho 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por Acidente Vascular Cerebral, ocorridos no estado do Piauí, no período entre 2010 a 2020, registrados na categoria da CID-10 do DATASUS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, de caráter transversal e descritivo, dos dados epidemiológicos da mortalidade de pacientes vítimas de Acidente Vascular Cerebral no estado do Piauí. Os dados foram obtidos através do Sistema de Informática do SUS (DATASUS). Resultados: Certificou-se que ocorreram 11.052 mortes por Acidente Vascular Cerebral no Piauí entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2020. Além disso, foi possível observar que a faixa etária mais afetada foi de 80 anos com 5.387 casos, seguida da população de 70 a 79 anos com 2.891 óbitos. No que se refere a cor e raça, os pardos foram as mais acometidos com 7023. A taxa média de mortalidade nos anos foi de 1004,72, o ano que teve a maior taxa de mortalidade foi 2013 e o menor foi 2016. E o local de maior acometimento dos óbitos foi nos hospitais com o total de 5.531 casos seguido de morte em domicílio com 5.294. Conclusão: Foi possível inferir que o Acidente Vascular Cerebral possuiu alta taxa de mortalidade no Piauí e que é necessário intervir nos casos incidentes com os tratamentos e as terapias de reabilitação necessárias, bem como promover ações de prevenção dos fatores de risco controláveis para minimizar os efeitos dos fatores de risco não controláveis.
Invitor efficacy of organic, inorganic pesticides and predators against mealybug (Phenococcus solenopsis)
Authors: Qaisrani Tahira Kanwal , Ali Arif , Memon Shafique Ahmed , Baloch Dost Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis) is a diverstating insect pect of agriculture crops, vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants. In the current study, the impact of synthetic pesticides (malathion, profenophos, and bifenthrin), organic plant extracts (neem, tobacco and eucalyptus) and natural enemies such as lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata), brumus beetle, (Brumus suturalis), spider (Cheiracanthium melanostomus) and green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) was examined on the mortality rate of mealybug. The maximum mortality rate was recorded in profenofos followed by bifenthrin and malathion, respectively. The efficacy of neem extract was recorded higher as compared to tobacco and eucalyptus. Lady bird beetle was recorded the efficient natural enemy of the mealybug as compared to green lacewing, brumus beetle and spider. The inorganic pesticides, organic plant extract and natural enemies have great potential to reduce the population of mealy bug
A new setup to study the influence of plant growth on the consolidation of dredged cohesive sediment
Authors: Barciela-Rial Maria , Saaltink Remon M. , van Kessel Thijs , Chassagne Claire , Dekker Stefan C. , de Boer Hugo J. , Griffioen Jasper , Wassen Martin J. , Winterwerp Johan C. 
Published: February 2023

Dredged cohesive sediment is progressively being used for wetland construction. However, little is known about the effect of plant growth during the self-weight consolidation of this sediment. In order to check the feasibility of such a study, a new experimental setup has been constructed. As an example, the effect of Phragmites australis on the consolidation and drainage of dredged sediment from Lake Markermeer, the Netherlands was investigated. The changes in pore water pressures at 10 cm depth intervals during a 129-day period in a column with and without plants were measured, while the water level was fixed at a constant level. Water loss via evaporation and plant transpiration was measured using Mariotte bottles and the photosynthetic processes — including plant transpiration — were measured with a LI-COR photosynthesis system. The results show that several processes initiated by Phragmites australis interfere with the physical processes involved in sediment drainage and consolidation. Phragmites australis effectively altered the pore pressure gradient via water extraction, especially between 40 and 60 cm from the bottom of the column. In this zone, daily cycles in pore pressures were observed which could directly be linked to the diurnal cycle of stomatal gas exchange. On average, water loss via evaporation and transpiration of leaves of Phragmites australis amounted to 3.9 mm day−1, whereas evaporation of bare soil amounted on average to 0.6 mm day−1. The depth-averaged hydraulic conductivity increased on average by 40% in presence of Phragmites australis. This pilot experiment confirms that the pressures sensors coupled with the new set-up enable to study pore pressure development over time and to link the effect of plant growth with alterations in water pressures profiles. A more systematic study with this set-up will in the future enable to quantify the effects of plant growth on consolidation.
Identifying advanced MAFLD in a cohort of T2DM and clinical features
Authors: Sanchez-Bao Ana Maria , Soto-Gonzalez Alfonso , Delgado-Blanco Manuel , Balboa-Barreiro Vanesa , Bellido Diego 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, affecting 25% of the global population. Patients with T2DM have an increased risk of developing MAFLD. In addition, patients with T2DM have a higher risk of advanced forms of steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Identifying those patients is critical in order to refer them to specialist and appropriate management of their disease.Aims and ObjectivesTo estimate advanced fibrosis prevalence in a cohort of patients with T2DM and to identify possible predictors.Methodssubjects with T2DM during regular health check-up were enrolled. Demographic and general characteristics were measured, including metabolic parameters and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Four non-invasive fibrosis scores (NAFLD fibrosis scores, FIB-4, APRI, Hepamet fibrosis score) were measure and compared with transient elastography (TE).Results96 patients (21%) presented risk of significant fibrosis (≥F2) measured by TE and 45 patients (10%) presented with risk of advanced fibrosis F3-F4. Liver fibrosis was related to BMI, AC, HOMA2-IR. The results of the non-invasive fibrosis scores have been validated with the results obtained in the TE. It is observed that the index with the greatest area under the curve (AUC) is APRI (AUC=0.729), with a sensitivity of 62.2% and a specificity of 76.1%. However, the test with better positive likelihood ratio (LR+) in our study is NAFLD fibrosis score.ConclusionsOur results show that in a general T2DM follow up, 10% of patients were at risk of advanced fibrosis. We found a positive correlation between liver fibrosis and BMI, AC and HOMA2-IR. Non-invasive fibrosis markers can be useful for screening, showing NAFLD Fibrosis score a better LHR+ compared to TE. Further studies are needed to validate these results and elucidate the best screening approach to identify those patients at risk of advanced MAFLD.
Drivers of compositional turnover of narrow-ranged versus widespread naturalised woody plants in South Africa
Authors: de Beer Isabella W. , Hui Cang , Botella Christophe , Richardson David M. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAlien trees and shrubs have become increasingly common invaders globally and have caused major negative impacts to ecosystems and society. Non-native woody plant species make up the majority of legislated invasive alien taxa in South Africa and contribute substantially to recorded negative impacts. It is of management interest to elucidate the macroecological processes that mediate the assembly of alien taxa, as this is expected to be associated with anthropogenic factors (e.g., human activity, introduction events, pathways of propagule dispersal mediated by humans) and bioclimatic factors (such as diurnal temperature range and precipitation gradients). These analyses require large species-occurrence datasets with comprehensive sampling across broad environmental conditions. Efforts of citizen scientists produce large numbers of occurrence records in a consistent manner which may be utilised for scientific investigations.MethodsResearch Grade occurrence data on naturalised plants of South Africa were extracted from the citizen scientist platform iNaturalist. Sampling bias was mitigated using statistical modelling of background points estimated from a Target Group of species which identifies well sampled communities. The drivers of assembly for alien plants at different range sizes were identified using multi-site generalised dissimilarity modelling (MS-GDM) of zeta diversity. The predicted compositional similarity between all cells was computed based on the subset of identified well sampled communities and using generalised dissimilarity modelling (GDM). From this, alien bioregions were identified using a k-means cluster analysis.Results and DiscussionBioclimatic factors significantly influenced community turnover in inland areas with large diurnal temperature ranges, and in areas with high precipitation. Communities separated by large geographical distances had significantly different compositions, indicating little contribution of long-range propagule movement by humans, and the presence of localised introduction hubs within the country which harbour unique species compositions. Analyses also showed a significant contribution of road density to turnover, which may be moderated by the habitat service provided by road verges. The same is true for natural dispersalviarivers in arid areas. The distribution of naturalised tree and shrub species is geographically clustered and forms six alien bioregions that are distinct from the South African biomes defined by native species distributionanalysis.
Rs205764 and rs547311 in linc00513 may influence treatment responses in multiple sclerosis patients: A pharmacogenomics Egyptian study
Authors: Amin Nada Sherif , Abd El-Aziz Mostafa K. , Hamed Mohamed , Moustafa Ramez Reda , El Tayebi Hend M. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a complex etiology that is reflected in the lack of consistently predictable treatment responses across patients of seemingly similar characteristics. Approaches to demystify the underlying predictors of aberrant treatment responses have made use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), with imminent progress made in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with MS risk, disease progression, and treatment response. Ultimately, such pharmacogenomic studies aim to utilize the approach of personalized medicine to maximize patient benefit and minimize rate of disease progression.ObjectiveVery limited research is available around the long intergenic non-coding RNA (linc)00513, recently being reported as a novel positive regulator of the type-1 interferon (IFN) pathway, following its overexpression in the presence of two polymorphisms: rs205764 and rs547311 in the promoter region of this gene. We attempt to provide data on the prevalence of genetic variations at rs205764 and rs547311 in Egyptian MS patients, and correlate these polymorphisms with the patients’ responses to disease-modifying treatments.MethodsGenomic DNA from 144 RRMS patients was isolated and analyzed for genotypes at the positions of interest on linc00513 using RT-qPCR. Genotype groups were compared with regards to their response to treatment; additional secondary clinical parameters including the estimated disability status score (EDSS), and onset of the disease were examined in relation to these polymorphisms.ResultsPolymorphisms at rs205764 were associated with a significantly higher response to fingolimod and a significantly lower response to dimethylfumarate. Moreover, the average EDSS of patients carrying polymorphisms at rs547311 was significantly higher, whereas no correlation appeared to exist with the onset of MS.ConclusionUnderstanding the complex interplay of factors influencing treatment response is pivotal in MS. One of the factors contributing to a patient’s response to treatment, as well as disease disability, may be polymorphisms on non-coding genetic material, such as rs205764 and rs547311 on linc00513. Through this work, we propose that genetic polymorphisms may partially drive disease disability and inconsistent responses to treatment in MS; we also aim to draw attention towards genetic approaches, such as screening for specific polymorphisms, to possibly direct treatment choices in such a complex disease.
Usefulness of phase angle on bioelectrical impedance analysis as a surveillance tool for postoperative infection in critically ill patients
Authors: Lee Gyeo Ra , Kim Eun Young 
Published: February 2023

PurposeBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has advantages of obtaining results quickly, safely, reproducibly, and non-invasively. Phase angle (PhA) is one of the parameter of BIA, its values represent the permeability or integrity of cell membrane. With the exception of C-reactive protein (CRP), few studies have estimated an association between PhA and these conventional biomarkers. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between the PhA value and the conventional inflammatory markers in postoperative patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Also, the correlation between the change in PhA and the occurrence of infectious complication were determined.MethodsFrom July 2020 to February 2022, retrospective observation study conducted in 221 patients who admitted to ICU after abdominal surgery. BIA measurements and blood sampling were routinely performed the next morning. The relationship between PhA and the inflammatory markers were assessed after adjusting for age and body mass index. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the predisposing factors for postoperative infections.ResultsAmong 221 patients admitted to ICU after abdominal surgery, infectious complications occurred in 62 cases. CRP, procalcitonin, or presepsin levels were negatively correlated with PhA in both gender. (−0.295, −0.198 or −0.212 of partial correlation coefficients, respectively in males, and 0.313, −0.245 or −0.36 of partial correlation coefficients, respectively in females) But, white blood cell did not show significant association with PhA in both genders. For males, increased level of CRP on postoperative day 1 (POD1) was revealed as the significant predicting factor for postoperative infectious complication [odds ratio (OR): 1.184, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.090–1.285, p &lt; 0.001]. For females, increased Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at admission (OR: 1.457, 95% CI: 1.068–1.987, p = 0.018), increased level of presepsin on (OR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001–1.006, p = 0.016) and decreased value of PhA on POD1 (OR: 0.980, 95% CI: 0.967–0.993, p = 0.003) were revealed as the significant predicting factors.ConclusionPhase angle obtained through BIA can be used as a predictor of infection as it shows a significant association with inflammatory markers. Phase angle measurements through BIA could improve patient prognosis after abdominal surgery through the careful observation of infections and early, appropriate treatment.
Analysis of factors that influence the occurrence of otitis media with effusion in pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Yin Guoping , Chen Yijing , Wang Lijun , Wang Yingying , Zhao Chunmei , Wang Wan , Ye Jingying 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAdenoid hypertrophy (AH) and otitis media with effusion (OME) are common pediatric otolaryngological diseases and often occur concurrently. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the factors that influence the occurrence of OME pediatric patients with AH.MethodsPatients younger than 12 years with AH, who were hospitalized for treatment at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital in Beijing, China, between March 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled. The patients were divided into an AH group and an AH + OME group based on the presence of OME. The authors collected the following clinical data for univariable analysis: sex; age; body mass index (BMI); comorbid nasal congestion/rhinorrhea, recurrent tonsillitis, or allergic rhinitis (AR); adenoid and tonsil grade; tonsillar hypertrophy; food/drug allergy; history of adenoidectomy and congenital diseases; breastfeeding status; preterm birth; exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); family history of adenotonsillectomy, otitis media, and AR; main data of polysomnography and oropharyngeal conditional pathogen culture data of some patients. Univariate analysis was performed as a basis for logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 511 children (329 boys and 182 girls) were included, their mean age was 5.37 ± 2.10 years. Of them, 407 (79.6%) were in the AH group and 104 (20.4%) in the AH + OME group. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in age, BMI, adenoid grade, AR, breastfeeding status, and ETS exposure between the two groups. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age, adenoid grade, AR, breastfeeding status, and ETS influenced the occurrence of OME in pediatric patients with AH. The risk of OME decreased with increasing age. High adenoid grade, ETS exposure, and comorbid AR were risk factors for OME in pediatric patients with AH, but breastfeeding was a protective factor. The final analytical results of the oropharyngeal conditional pathogen culture data showed that Streptococcus pneumoniae positivity was associated with OME in AH.ConclusionThe pathogenesis of AH with OME is complex. Young age, high adenoid grade, ETS exposure, non-breastfed status, comorbid AR, and the presence of S. pneumoniae in the oropharynx are risk factors for OME in pediatric patients with AH.