bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of various strategies to improve DNA analysis of formaldehyde‐damaged tissues from embalmed cadavers for human identification purposes
Authors: Czado Natalia , LaRue Bobby , Wheeler Amanda , Houston Rachel , Holmes Amy , Grisedale Kelly , Hughes Sheree 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFormalin‐fixed tissues provide the medical and forensic communities with alternative and often last resort sources of DNA for identification or diagnostic purposes. The DNA in these samples can be highly degraded and chemically damaged, making downstream genotyping using short tandem repeats (STRs) challenging. Therefore, the use of alternative genetic markers, methods that pre‐amplify the low amount of good quality DNA present, or methods that repair the damaged DNA template may provide more probative genetic information. This study investigated whether whole genome amplification (WGA) and DNA repair could improve STR typing of formaldehyde‐damaged (FD) tissues from embalmed cadavers. Additionally, comparative genotyping success using bi‐allelic markers, including INDELs and SNPs, was explored. Calculated random match probabilities (RMPs) using traditional STRs, INDEL markers, and two next generation sequencing (NGS) panels were compared across all samples. Overall, results showed that neither WGA nor DNA repair substantially improved STR success rates from formalin‐fixed tissue samples. However, when DNA from FD samples was genotyped using INDEL and SNP‐based panels, the RMP of each sample was markedly lower than the RMPs calculated from partial STR profiles. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that rather than attempting to improve the quantity and quality of severely damaged and degraded DNA prior to STR typing, a more productive approach may be to target smaller amplicons to provide more discriminatory DNA identifications. Furthermore, an NGS panel with less loci may yield better results when examining FD samples, due to more optimized chemistries that result in greater allelic balance and amplicon coverage.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle: Pathology of the lateral and posterior compartments
Authors: Smith Paul Edmund , Morey Matthew , McManus Luke Joseph , Kong Andrew 
Published: February 2023

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for imaging the tendons and the ligaments of the ankle. MRI combines excellent tissue contrast and accurate anatomic delineation of joint structures. In the first article of this series, we discussed a compartmental approach to the interpretation of ankle pathology focusing on the anterior and medial compartments. This article will complete the MR review of the ankle, with a focus on the lateral and posterior compartments of the ankle.
Hsa_circ_0005273 acts as a sponge of miR‐509‐3p to promote the malignant behaviors of breast cancer by regulating HMMR expression
Authors: Peng Yong , Cui Jianhua , Ma Kaiwen , Zhong Xi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor that threatens the health of women worldwide. Hsa_circ_0005273 has been identified as a carcinogenic factor in some solid tumors, including BC. However, the molecular mechanism of circ_0005273 in BC is poorly defined.MethodsThe expression of circ_0005273, miR‐509‐3p, and hyaluronan‐mediated motility receptor (HMMR) mRNA in BC was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. The glycolysis level was detected via specific kits. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Binding between miR‐509‐3p and circ_0005273 or HMMR was also verified by dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA pull‐down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Xenograft tumor model was used to detect tumor changes in mice, and immunohistochemistry assay was employed to detect Ki‐67 abundance.ResultsCirc_0005273 was increased in BC tissues and cells. Circ_0005273 knockdown might inhibit BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, glutamine metabolism, and induce apoptosis. Circ_0005273 was a miR‐509‐3p, and the repression role of circ_0005273 absence on BC cell development was weakened by miR‐509‐3p inhibitor or HMMR overexpression. Circ_0005273 up‐regulated the expression of HMMR by sponging miR‐509‐3p. Additionally, circ_0005273 silencing might hinder tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0005273 knockdown might repress BC cell malignant behaviors by regulating the miR‐509‐3p/HMMR axis, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for BC.
Risk assessment for non‐crop hosts of pea enation mosaic virus and the aphid vector Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Clark Robert E. , Basu Saumik , Eigenbrode Sanford D. , Oeller Liesl C. , Crowder David W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Viral insect‐borne plant pathogens have devastating impacts in agroecosystems. Vector‐borne pathogens are often transmitted by generalist insects that move between non‐crop and crop hosts. Insect vectors can have wide diet breadths, but it is often unknown which hosts serve as pathogen reservoirs and which non‐crop host harbours the highest density of vectors.
In the Pacific Northwest USA, the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a key virus vector in pulse crops. Despite pea aphid having a large number of potential non‐crop plant hosts occuring in the region, no reservoir has yet been identified for the economically‐costly pathogen Pea Enation Mosaic Virus (PEMV).
We addressed these issues by linking field surveys of an aphid vector and plant virus with statistical models to develop risk assessments for common non‐crop legumes; in 2018, we completed a 65‐site survey where aphids were surveyed in weedy legumes within and outside dry pea fields.
We quantified the abundance of pea aphids on 17 hosts, and plant tissue was tested for PEMV. Relatively high densities of A. pisum were found in habitats dominated by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), which was the only legume other than cultivated dry pea where PEMV was detected.
Our results indicate that V. villosa is a key alternative host for PEMV, and that pest management practices in this region should consider the distribution and abundance of this weedy host in viral disease mitigation efforts for pulses.
Efficiency of genotyping by sequencing in inferring genomic relatedness and molecular insights into fat tail selection in Tunisian sheep
Authors: Bedhiaf‐Romdhani Sonia , Baazaoui Imen , Dodds Ken G. , Brauning Rudiger , Anderson Rayna M. , Van Stijn Tracey C. , McCulloch Alan F. , McEwan John Colin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn developing countries, the use of simple and cost‐efficient molecular technology is crucial for genetic characterization of local animal resources and better development of conservation strategies. The genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, also called restriction enzyme‐ reduced representational sequencing, is an efficient, cost‐effective method for simultaneous discovery and genotyping of many markers. In the present study, we applied a two‐enzyme GBS protocol (PstI/MspI) to discover and genotype SNP markers among 197 Tunisian sheep samples. A total of 100 333 bi‐allelic SNPs were discovered and genotyped with an SNP call rate of 0.69 and mean sample depth 3.33. The genomic relatedness between 183 samples grouped the samples perfectly to their populations and pointed out a high genetic relatedness of inbred subpopulation reflecting the current adopted reproductive strategies. The genome‐wide association study contrasting fat vs. thin‐tailed breeds detected 41 significant variants including a peak positioned on OAR20. We identified FOXC1, GMDS, VEGFA, OXCT1, VRTN and BMP2 as the most promising for sheep tail‐type trait. The GBS data have been useful to assess the population structure and improve our understanding of the genomic architecture of distinctive characteristics shaped by selection pressure in local sheep breeds. This study successfully investigates a cost‐efficient method to discover genotypes, assign populations and understand insights into sheep adaptation to arid area. GBS could be of potential utility in livestock species in developing/emerging countries.
Optimal index insurance and basis risk decomposition: an application to Kenya
Authors: Stigler Matthieu , Lobell David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndex insurance is a promising tool to reduce the risk faced by farmers, but high basis risk, which arises from imperfect correlation between the index and individual farm yields, has limited its adoption to date. Improving adoption will require reducing one or both of the two fundamental sources of basis risk: the intrinsic heterogeneity within an insurance zone (zonal risk), and the lack of predictive accuracy of the index (design risk). Previous work has focused mostly on design risk, conflating the quality of the index with the quality of the zone. Consequently, there is currently no way to distinguish a “good index in a bad zone” from a “bad index in a good zone”. Here we investigate the relative roles of zonal and design risk, with two main contributions. First, using a formal decomposition of basis risk, we show that the optimal index is the first principal component of the correlation matrix of yields between fields. This provides a simple upper bound on the insurable basis risk that any index can reach within a given zone. Second, we use 10 m resolution satellite data on maize yields in Kenya to provide the first large‐scale empirical analysis of the extent of zonal versus design risk. Our results show a strong local heterogeneity in yields, underscoring the challenge of implementing index insurance in smallholder systems and the potential benefits of low‐cost yield measurement approaches that can enable more local definitions of insurance zones.
Visual acuity and causes of central visual loss in the adult Danish population 2020–2022. Results from the FORSYN study
Authors: Bek Toke , Bech Bodil Hammer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeKnowledge of visual health in the population is necessary for designing and implementing measures to handle visual handicap. The purpose of the FORSYN (Forekomst af synshandicap og synshjælpemidler i Danmark) project was to study visual health in the Danish population 2020–2022 after implementation of the recent advances in the management of choroidal and retinal vascular disease. The present study reports visual acuity and causes of central visual loss from this study.MethodsA population‐representative sample of 10 350 citizens living within 40 kilometres from Aarhus University Hospital were invited to answer a questionnaire about quality of life related to vision, measurement of visual acuity and a non‐mydriatic examination of the eyes. The data were corrected for selection bias on the basis of demographic and socioeconomic factors so that the results could be projected to represent the adult Danish population.ResultsPopulation‐adjusted visual acuity in ETDRS letters (mean ± SD) differed significantly (p < 0.0001) among the worse eye (84.1 ± 0.25), the better eye (88.4 ± 0.11) and binocularly (89.2 ± 0.15). Social blindness affected 0.22% (95% CI: 0.14%–0.33%) of the population and was in none of the studied persons due to exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy. The most frequent causes of visual loss were atrophic AMD, neuro‐ophthalmic disorders and other chorioretinal diseases.ConclusionsRecent advances in the therapy of chorioretinal vascular diseases have been paralleled with a reduction in central vision loss secondary to exudative AMD and diabetic retinopathy in Denmark. The demographic development can be expected to increase the demand for treatments of vision‐threatening diseases that mainly affect older persons.
‘Like a ticking time bomb’: A qualitative study exploring the illness experiences of adults with kidney stone disease
Authors: Ní Néill Emma , Richards Helen L. , Hennessey Derek , Fortune Dónal G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveKidney stone disease (KSD) is a common, complex and painful urological condition, but how patients make sense of and respond to the challenges of KSD is poorly understood. Using the common‐sense model of illness self‐regulation (CSM‐SR), we aimed to explore the illness experiences of individuals with KSD.DesignA qualitative design using individual semi‐structured interviews.MethodsThirty‐three patients with KSD attending outpatient urology services participated in interviews informed by the CSM‐SR. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were mapped onto the domains of the CSM‐SR.ResultsFive main themes were generated, broadly echoing domains within the CSM‐SR: (1) making sense of KSD, (2) normality paused, (3) the psychological burden of KSD, (4) the tensions of managing KSD, and (5) improving understanding of KSD. Additionally, findings suggested that partners' perceptions of KSD were an additional contextual factor that informed patients' own perceptions and management of KSD. Participants appraised initial KSD symptoms as indicative of a serious health threat. Diagnosis brought some relief, however, KSD wielded multi‐dimensional impacts on patients' perceptions, self‐management and well‐being. Anxiety, including fear of KSD recurrence, and low mood were common psychological burdens across narratives.ConclusionThe majority of the themes identified were commensurate with an extended CSM‐SR. This model has utility in informing how patients perceive and manage KSD. Examining patients' KSD representations and routinely assessing for psychological distress may be of benefit to improve health outcomes for this patient group.
Moving from ‘what we know works’ to ‘what we do in practice’: An evidence overview of implementation and diffusion of innovation in transition to adulthood for care experienced young people
Authors: Alderson Hayley , Smart Deborah , Kerridge Gary , Currie Graeme , Johnson Rebecca , Kaner Eileen , Lynch Amy , Munro Emily , Swan Jacky , McGovern Ruth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal research has shown that most young people who are care experienced are not prepared to transition to independent living at 18 years of age and require support into early adulthood. We used rigorous systematic methods to identify English‐based peer reviewed and grey literature describing innovations relevant to care experienced young people as they transition into adulthood, with a focus upon lessons for their implementation and diffusion. We synthesised the evidence narratively and organise data linked to seven key areas important to the transition to adulthood: (1) Health and well‐being; (2) relationships; (3) education and training; (4) employment; (5) participation in society; (6) accommodation; (7) other. Twenty‐five papers met our inclusion criteria. This review has found that, whilst there are a broad spectrum of innovations taking place within the social care environment for care experienced young people to support their transition into adulthood, there exists limited insight into how best to support implementation and diffusion of evidence‐based innovation. We drew upon the ‘Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research’, developed in the setting of clinical service delivery, to highlight challenges in implementing and diffusing evidence‐based innovation for care experienced young people transitioning into adulthood.
Marginal bone changes around platform‐switched conical connection implants placed 1 or 2 mm subcrestally: A multicenter crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Lamazza Luca , Rapani Antonio , Troiano Giuseppe , Messina Marcello , Antonelli Alessandro , Giudice Amerigo , Lombardi Teresa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study analyzes early marginal bone modifications occurring around platform‐switched implants with conical connection placed 1 or 2 mm subcrestally.MethodsThis crossover randomized controlled trial enrolled partially edentulous patients needing two implants in either the posterior maxilla or mandible. Each patient received two platform‐switched implants with conical connection inserted 2 mm (Test) and 1 mm (Control) subcrestally. Definitive abutments were immediately connected and, after 4 months of unsubmerged healing, screwed metal‐ceramic crowns were delivered. Radiographs were taken at implant placement (T0), prosthesis delivery (T1), and after 1 year of prosthetic loading (T2).ResultsFifty‐one patients (25 males and 26 females; mean age 61.2 ± 12.1 years) totaling 102 implants were included in the final analysis. Mean peri‐implant bone level (PBL) reduction from T0 to T2 was not significantly different around Test (0.49 ± 0.32 mm) and Control implants (0.46 ± 0.35 mm;p = 0.66). Multivariate linear regression models highlighted a significant positive correlation between history of periodontitis and PBL reduction. At T2, no Test group implant and 6 Control group implants exhibited PBL below the implant platform (11.8% of Control group implants).ConclusionNo significant differences in peri‐implant marginal bone changes were demonstrated after 1 year of prosthetic loading between platform‐switched implants with conical connection inserted either 1 or 2 mm subcrestally. However, 2 mm subcrestal placement resulted in deeper implant positioning at T2, with no exposure of treated implant surface and potential preventive effect against subsequent peri‐implant pathology.
Improved fistula plug outcome depends on the type of plug: a single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Sayers Adele E , Lee Matthew J , Brown Steve R 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimFistula‐in‐ano is a common condition that is potentially difficult to treat. In recent years ‘sphincter‐sparing’ procedures have increased in popularity due to the lower rates of reported complications, such as incontinence. One such treatment is the fistula plug, which has seen varied success compared with other techniques. There are currently several plugs on the market and it is possible that difference in outcomes could be linked to the type of plug used. The aim of this study was to compare healing and complication rates between two fistula plugs in a single tertiary referral centre in the UK.MethodWe conducted a single‐centre retrospective analysis of all patients over the age of 18 years who underwent elective fistula plug insertion, with two different fistula plugs over a 13‐year period.ResultsA total of 113 patients underwent fistula plug insertion (plug A n = 90; plug B n = 23). Plug B had been on the market for the final 4 years of the study period, hence the differing patient numbers. There was no difference in patient demographics, fistula type or aetiology of the fistula between the two plugs. Plug B had a significantly higher fistula healing rate compared with plug A (56.5% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.005). A quarter of all patients experienced a complication, 93% being those who had fistula plug A inserted. The most common complication was extrusion of the plug within 72 h of insertion.ConclusionThis study demonstrated significantly different outcomes according to the type of fistula plug used. Whilst current randomized controlled trials have not found a significant difference in healing rates when comparing one type of fistula plug to other treatment modalities, this study suggests that plug type may influence efficacy.
Process improvement and efficiency analysis using the Single‐Minute Exchange of Dies method applied to the set‐up and operation of screen‐printing machines
Authors: Emekdar Elçin , Açikgöz‐Tufan Hatice , Şahin Umut Kıvanç , Kurşun Bahadir Senem , Tuluk Burak , Şimşek Adnan Nail 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLean manufacturing methods are concerned with simplifying the production process and thus maximising efficiency and minimising wastage. All production processes contain several steps, which include sub‐steps such as cleaning and changing devices and preparing the production areas for later steps. Most of these sub‐steps require that machines are stopped and therefore they must be performed as quickly as possible. This downtime causes a decrease in efficiency, while increasing the costs and production time. Single‐Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) is a lean manufacturing strategy that has been applied successfully in many sectors to minimise excessive downtime. In this study, the SMED technique is applied in a textile screen‐printing company for the case of changing the screens between each design. The steps are evaluated and designated as either external steps, which are performed without downtime, or internal steps, which take place during downtime. The number of external steps is increased while being decreased for internal steps. Also, the production time decreased by 54% and a 32% increase in efficiency was achieved during the screen‐printing production of a sample t‐shirt.
Differences in clinical characteristics and chest CT findings between severe and critical H1N1 pneumonia
Authors: Yu Mei , Zhu Yuanbo , Qu Xiaoyan , Hou Xingyi , Xin Tao , Li Gangfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCritical H1N1 pneumonia patients usually have one of the symptoms such as respiratory failure, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction, or other need for intensive care management, which are associated with high risk of mortality. It is essential to differentiate the severity of H1N1 pneumonia and take corresponding target treatments.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography (CT) findings between severe and critical patients with H1N1 pneumonia.MethodsA total of 27 patients diagnosed with H1N1 pneumonia from October 2018 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and chest CT findings between the severe group (15 patients) and the critical group (12 patients) were compared.ResultsFrequency of dyspnea at rest was higher in critical group than that in severe group (P = 0.019). The neutrophil percentage was higher (P = 0.014) and the lymphocyte percentage was lower (P = 0.025) in critical compared with severe group. Bilateral lung involvement was the predominant pattern in both severe and critical patients, whereas the number of involved lobes in critical patients was more than that in severe patients (P = 0.024). Peripheral distribution was the predominant pattern in severe patients (40%), whereas more diffuse involvement of the lungs was observed in critical patients (83.30%). Ground‐glass opacities and consolidation were the main CT findings in both groups, and prevalence of consolidation was higher in critical relative to severe group (83.30%).ConclusionCompared with severe patients, those with critical H1N1 pneumonia were more likely to present with dyspnea at rest and decreased lymphocyte percentage. Chest CT showed that diffuse bilateral involvement and higher prevalence of consolidation are associated with critical outcomes.