bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and prognosis of testicular mixed teratoma and seminoma
Authors: Li Kai , Sun Fengdan , Fan Caibin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
To evaluate the association of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics with the survival of patients with testicular mixed teratoma and seminoma (TMTS).

Methods:
The data of 3296 eligible patients with TMTS who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were determined using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves. The association of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics with the OS and CSS of patients with TMTS was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results:
The number of patients with TMTS increased annually. In Kaplan–Meier analyses, TMTS patients with advanced T stage (P < 0.001 for OS and P < 0.001 for CSS), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001 for OS and P < 0.001 for CSS), distant metastasis (P < 0.001 for OS and P < 0.001 for CSS), no regional lymph node resection (P = 0.003 for OS and P = 0.002 for CSS), large tumor size (P = 0.001 for OS and P = 0.001 for CSS), and LVI (P < 0.001 for OS and P < 0.001 for CSS) exhibited inferior OS and CSS. Moreover, distant metastasis (HR 11.224, P < 0.001; HR 15.817, P < 0.001) and regional lymph node resection (HR 0.425, P = 0.003; HR 0.366, P = 0.004) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS in patients with TMTS through multivariable analyses.

Conclusions:
Distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis were deemed important prognostic factors for OS and CSS in patients with TMTS. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and clinical assessments of these prognostic factors are necessary before tailoring clinical management and treatment plan specified for patients with TMTS.
Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1b colorectal cancer
Authors: Cao Zhixin , Zhao Jingfang , Liu Juan , Tian Xiangguo , Shi Yongjun , Zhang Junyong , Hu Jinhua , Liu Fuli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standardized procedure for intramucosal and slightly invasive submucosal colorectal cancers (CRC). However, the role of ESD for T1b (depth of submucosal invasion: ≥1,000 μm) CRC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of ESD for T1b CRC.

Methods:
This study involved 50 patients with T1b CRC who underwent ESD, including 31 who received subsequent surgery (ESD + surgery group) and 19 who reported comorbidities or refused subsequent surgery (ESD-alone group). The clinical outcomes, lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate, and recurrence and survival rates were determined.

Results:
All the patients achieved en-bloc resection, and 41 patients achieved R0 resection. The mean tumor diameter was 31.2 ± 11.9 mm. LNM was detected in 3 (6%) cases, demonstrating high-grade tumor budding (Bd 2/3) and invasion depth of >1,500 um. LNM was significantly correlated with tumor budding (P = 0.030). The overall median follow-up period was 41.00 ± 27.69 months and 33.16 ± 19.05 months in the ESD-alone and ESD + surgery groups, respectively (P = 0.241). Two patients in the ESD group had local recurrence and two patients died. Patients in the ESD + surgery group reported no local recurrence, distant metastasis, or disease-related death. Recurrence (P = 0.074) and survival rates (P = 0.072) were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions:
The LNM rate was exceedingly low in patients with T1b. ESD is an effective and safe method for these patients. The necessity of additional surgical treatment after ESD should be comprehensively determined following the patient’s characteristics.
Recent research progress on microRNAs from mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for tumor therapy: A review
Authors: Jiang Yifan , Gao Xue , Zheng Xuezhen , Lu Yan , Zhang Minghan , Yan Wenxuan , Pan Wentao , Li Hengli , Zhang Yueying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of protocells that can differentiate into various cell types and have robust replication and renewal capabilities. MSCs secrete various nutritional factors to regulate the microenvironment of tumor tissues. The mechanism by which they inhibit or promote tumor growth may be closely related to MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo). However, the role of MSC-Exo vesicles in tumors remains controversial. This review discusses the potential applications of microRNAs in exosomes derived from MSCs in treating tumors.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Biosafety Guidelines among Dental Undergraduates during COVID-19 Pandemic at a Dental Institution in North Karnataka – An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nidarkar Vaishnavi A. , Naik Zameera , Kumar S Lokesh , Badavannavar Anand , Hinduja Muskan D. , Kumar Ram Surath 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had universally affected every field of health sciences with dentistry being no exception. The current study was planned to assess the preparedness of dental undergraduates to deal with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of biosafety practices during COVID-19 pandemic among the dental undergraduates.

Methods:
The knowledge, attitude, and practices of 262 dental undergraduates (third year, final year) including interns were evaluated using a self-designed, prevalidated questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to compare the responses among the undergraduates with P < 0.05 set as statistically significant.

Results:
The study revealed that 90.8% of undergraduates were aware about the term biosafety and 81.3% were aware about the practices to be followed when handling COVID-19 patients. In total, 85.9% considered that biosafety guidelines were applicable for doctors, assistants, and patients.

Conclusion:
The majority of undergraduates were highly knowledgeable and aware of biosafety regulations and signs/symptoms of COVID-19. Among the three categories, final-year undergraduates had maximum knowledge of the guidelines, followed by interns and third-year undergraduates.
Accuracy of Bone Height and Thickness Measurements in Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Presence of Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) Crowns
Authors: Gholampour Atefeh , Mollaei Melika , Alimohammadi Mona , Yaghoubi Sara , Hosseinnataj Abolfazl , Mollazadeh Zahra 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a valuable imaging modality in dentistry and has a remarkable role in the analysis of the hard tissue of the maxillofacial region. However, the artifact caused by crowns and some other dental interventions reduces its quality and creates problems in the interpretation of the images. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the accuracy of CBCT linear measurement in the presence of porcelain fused to metal (PFM) restorations.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, 12 sheep mandibles were used. Radiopaque markers (gutta-percha) were located on the buccal and lingual ridges, and the height and thickness of the bone were measured using a digital caliper (direct measurement). Subsequently, the samples were scanned in three steps with the CBCT device: The first scan was performed without placing the crown (the base image), the second scan was performed with one PFM crown, and the third scan was performed in the presence of three side-by-side crowns. The data were analyzed using SPSS software V.22. The significance level was considered 0.05.

Findings:
There was no significant difference between the direct measurement and the baseline image in the measurement of bone height and thickness. Moreover, increasing the number of crowns did not affect the accuracy of CBCT scans.

Conclusion:
According to the findings of this study, the presence of metal-ceramic crowns did not reduce the accuracy in the linear measurement of alveolar bone height and thickness.
Evaluation of Prevalence and Type of Ponticulus Posticus Among Haryana Orthodontic Patients: A Digital Lateral Cephalometric Study
Authors: Regi Roney S. , Bhatnagar Deepankar , Bagga Mun Bhawni , Yadav Komal , Kalita Pinaki 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and type of ponticulus posticus (PP) in patients who reported for orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 346 lateral cephalograms were examined for the presence of PP, their respective types, gender predominance, and the prevalence of each type of PP in either gender. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive analysis.

Results:
PP had a prevalence rate of 20.52%, among which grades II, III, and IV represented 10.4%, 6.1%, and 4%, respectively. Females exhibited a slightly higher incidence (52.1%) than males (47.9%). Females represented a higher number of grade II and grade IV PP. Male patients displayed a higher incidence of grade III PP. The findings of gender predominance in each grade of PP were found to be statistically significant with P values < 0.05 level of significance at 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion:
PP was found to be a relatively common anomaly among the observed sample. Orthodontists, being directly and extensively involved in manipulating, enhancing, and restricting facial bone structures using functional and extraoral appliances, must be vigilant and concerned about any pathology affecting bone, such as that of PP.
To Assess the Impact of Oral Quality of Life (QoL) in Teenage Population with Habit History of Tobacco/Areca Nut/Gutka/Smoking Using OHIP-14 in Bhilai Region
Authors: Prasad Swati , Avinash Alok , Shashikanth M. C. , Chaudhary Umesh C. 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
To assess the impact of Oral Quality of Life (QoL) in teenage population with habit history of tobacco/ areca nut/ gutka/ smoking using OHIP-14 in Bhilai region.

Methodology:
The present study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh. 500 subjects were divided into two groups: Group I: comprise of 250 subjects with any deleterious habits of tobacco, gutka, areca nut, cigarette etc. (study) and Group II: comprise of 250 subjects without any deleterious habit as (control). All the subjects were explained about the questions and were asked to fill up their responses in the questionnaire using OHIP-14.

Results:
Mean scores of two different domains of OHIP-14, including Physical Pain (4.82 ± 2.85) and Physical Disability (4.04 ± 2.45) was found to be more in study group when compared to control (0.57 ± 0.98 & 0.34 ± 0.63). Subjects with the smokeless form of tobacco consumption and both form (smoking and smokeless) had significantly higher mean in domain of Physical pain as compared to those who had the habit of only smoking. The mean score of sum of OHIP-14 was found to be significantly worse in the study group as compared to controls.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the concept of OHRQL is important in clinical practice of dentistry and dental education as well. People are more likely to be motivated and behave positively when they understand how habits related oral mucosal diseases affect their QoL.
A Cross-sectional Study of Light Microscopic Changes in Purkinje Cells Across Cerebellar Phylogenetic Areas with Aging
Authors: Kalam Shelja S. , Ushadevi K. B. , Sarasammal Suja Robert , Jayachandran Geetha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The phylogenetic areas of the cerebellum are archicerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum, which differ in evolution and function. Studying age-related changes helps to differentiate those from similar changes occurring in various neuropathological conditions.

Methodology:
Tissues from the anterior lobe, posterior lobe, and flocculonodular lobe of 50 autopsy specimens of the cerebellum were processed. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and special stains such as Luxol fast blue and Cresyl violet and examined using photomicrograph equipment. Measurements and photographs were taken using MICAPS - Microview software (Version: x64,3.7.4866). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.

Results:
In all phylogenetic areas, Purkinje cells were numerous at the crests of folia, their number decreased, and diameter increased with age.

Conclusions:
The study was done to delineate the histological variations in Purkinje cells of phylogenetic areas of the cerebellum at different ages. The changes in various neuropathological and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease need to be distinguished from normal age-related changes. This study may provide scope for functional studies and further studies on cerebellar histology.
Suprarenal Glands: A Morphometric Analysis in Adult Indian Population
Authors: Markam Yamini , Loh Hitendra Kumar , Gupta Mohit , Gupta Nirupma , Mehta Vandana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Suprarenal glands are paired glands located over the medial aspect of the upper pole of both the kidneys. Regardless of their small size, these glands are of utmost importance because of its endocrine function. The present study deals with the gross morphometric measurements of human adult suprarenal glands.

Methodology:
Forty pairs of suprarenal glands were procured and dissected after fixing with 10% formalin and then subjected to morphometric analysis.

Results:
The maximum transverse width of the right suprarenal gland was observed as 4.51 ± 0.81 cm and the left suprarenal gland was observed as 4.22 ± 0.68 cm. The maximum vertical length of the right suprarenal gland was observed as 2.84 ± 0.89 cm and the left suprarenal gland was observed as 1.88 ± 0.73 cm. The maximum anteroposterior thickness of the right suprarenal gland was observed as 0.65 ± 0.39 cm and the left suprarenal gland was observed as 1.02 ± 1.00 cm. The mean weight of the right suprarenal gland was observed as 4.33 ± 0.77 g and the left suprarenal gland was observed as 4.45 ± 1.10 g.

Conclusion:
The present study suggests that the weight of suprarenal gland majorly depends on the anteroposterior thickness of the gland. Precise knowledge of suprarenal gland dimensions is very crucial for microsurgeries involving kidneys and suprarenal glands. The data obtained from the present study will also aid to the literature and assist the radiologists, endocrinologists, and surgeons to deduce diagnosis and perform surgery.
Synthesis of novel complexes derived from methyl or benzyl 4-amino antipyrinyl dithiocarbamtes with divalent Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II)
Authors: R. Mohammed Eman , A. Sulleman Intesar , M. Saied Shakir , A. Sabah Assim 
Published: January 2025

Two new ligands, methyl 4-amino antipyrinyl dithiocarbamates (MAC) and benzyl 4-amino antipyrinyl dithiocarbamates (BAC), were synthesized from 4-amino antipyrine and corresponding methyl or benzyl halides with potassium hydroxide in dimethylformamide. Then they were coordinated with five divalent transition metals: M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu(II) to produce ten novel complexes, [M(MAC)2]Cl2 I(a-e) and [M(BAC)2]Cl2 II(a-e), which were characterized by some physical properties and spectral methods, elemental analyses, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility, in addition to 1H NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Spectroscopy proved that all metal complexes I(a-d) and II(a-d) have octahedral geometries, except those of copper complexes (Ie) and (IIe), which have square planer geometry (D4h). Following screening for biological activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), the results of these novel complexes' investigations showed no effect except the complexes of [Zn(BAC)2]Cl2 II(a), [Zn(MAC)2]Cl2, I(a), [Mn(MAC)2]Cl2, I(b) and the ligand (MAC) are given promising data.
KEY WORDS: 4-Amino antipyrine, Dithiocarbamates, Dithiocarbamate complexes, Biological activity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 447-457.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.5
Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda, 2024: Current efforts and calls to action to mitigate the outbreak in Rwanda
Authors: Gashugi Yves , Byiringiro Louange Bienvenu , Rukundo Janvier , Izabayo Josias , Sezibera Vincent , Kalisa Jopseph 
Published: January 2025

The recent outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Rwanda, first reported in September 2024, marks the country’s initial encounter with this highly lethal hemorrhagic fever caused by the Marburg virus.
With primary transmission from fruit bats and subsequent human-to-human spread through direct contact, MVD presents significant public health challenges due to its rapid progression from flu-like symptoms to severe hemorrhagic fever and high mortality rates.
Rwanda’s Ministry of Health responded swiftly, implementing critical containment measures, such as intensive contact tracing, targeted vaccination for suspected cases and healthcare providers, restricting caregiver access, limiting traditional gatherings, and enforcing strict hygiene and infection control protocols.
In the last three and a half years, Rwanda has been dealing with COVID-19, Mpox (formerly monkeypox), and now the Marburg outbreak. Drawing on lessons from past public health crises, Rwanda’s Ministry of Health is implementing swift action to manage the situation. Here we discussed Rwanda's strategies in managing the MVD outbreak, emphasizing the importance of a One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health to mitigate zoonotic threats.
Vaccination efforts targeting healthcare providers and high-risk contacts have become a vital component of Rwanda's response, aiming to protect those on the front lines and prevent further spread. The response is further strengthened by partnerships with global health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), underscoring the need for coordinated international support and cross-border containment measures.
This MVD outbreak highlights the urgency of ongoing research into effective treatments and licensed vaccines to bolster Rwanda’s preparedness and resilience against future outbreaks.
Mental health impacts of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda
Authors: Gashugi Yves , Bryiringiro Louange Bienvenu , Rukundo Janvier , Izabayo Josias , Umuhire Sadie Ineza 
Published: January 2025

The Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak in Rwanda marks a significant public health challenge, with 64 reported cases and a 23.4% case fatality rate as of October 2024. While the immediate focus remains on containment and clinical management, the mental health implications of the outbreak present an equally critical concern. This paper discusses the psychological toll of MVD in Rwanda, considering the country's historical trauma and existing mental health landscape. Rwanda's experience with the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi and the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the vulnerability of populations with pre-existing mental health conditions and those exposed to compounding stressors during health crises.
Key high-risk groups identified include healthcare providers, individuals with prior pandemic exposure, those with underlying mental illnesses, and grieving families. The disruption of traditional mourning practices, widespread stigma, and the psychological demands placed on healthcare workers amplify the outbreak's impact on mental well-being. Drawing on lessons from COVID-19, Rwanda leveraged community health workers, telemedicine, and public awareness campaigns to address psychosocial needs. However, the outbreak highlights gaps in mental health resources and the need for tailored interventions.
Recommendations include strengthening mental health support for high-risk groups, integrating psychological services into epidemic responses, and enhancing community resilience through targeted education and support systems. We also emphasize the importance of a holistic response to MVD, addressing both physical and mental health needs to mitigate the long-term impacts of the outbreak.
Surveillance of conjunctivitis at a school in Kamonyi District, Rwanda, 2024
Authors: Sebera Emile , Rugengamanzi Flugence , Kanyanzira Theoneste , Ndikumana Philos , Nizeyemariya Leonille , Hagenimana Celestin , Twagirumukiza Emile 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Conjunctivitis, a highly contagious eye condition, can significantly impact public health, especially in close-contact settings like schools. This study investigated a conjunctivitis attack at ECOSE Saint Kizito Musambira Boarding School in Rwanda.
METHODS: This surveillance study examined 577 students and 26 staff members through clinical examinations, health records, and demographic data collection from March 12-20, 2024.
RESULTS: The conjunctivitis primarily affected female students (77%), with symptoms including itchy eyes (80.9%) and foreign body sensation (96.7%). The high attack rate suggested a highly contagious agent. Treatment included ciprofloxacin, ibuprofen, and tetracycline pomade. Close living conditions and bed-sharing were more common behaviors among the students.
CONCLUSION: This conjunctivitis attack highlights the importance of rapid detection and response to infectious diseases in schools. While antibiotic therapy was the main management approach, the specific etiology remains uncertain without diagnostic tests. Future prevention strategies should focus on hygiene measures, early case identification, isolation, and enhanced laboratory testing to manage school outbreaks effectively.
The persistent challenge of cholera in Africa: a complex interplay of factors
Authors: Beenzu Siamalube , Ehinmitan Emmanuel , Runo Steven , Onguso Justus , Ngotho Maina 
Published: January 2025

Cholera remains a formidable public health challenge across Africa, disproportionately impacting marginalized and vulnerable populations [1]. The disease's persistence underscores its multifaceted nature, rooted in more than just the biological characteristics of Vibrio cholerae. Instead, it reflects a complex interplay of environmental, social, economic, and systemic factors, each compounding the difficulty of effective prevention and control [1,2].
Africa continues to bear the highest burden of cholera globally, with recurring outbreaks that cause significant morbidity and mortality, often overwhelming already fragile healthcare systems [3]. The disease frequently strikes regions plagued by inadequate access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure [3,4]. These deficiencies create fertile ground for the bacterium's proliferation, particularly in densely populated urban slums and rural areas with limited public health outreach. Climate change further exacerbates the problem, with extreme weather events such as floods and droughts creating conditions conducive to cholera outbreaks [5].