bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Intergovernmental Distance on Disaster Communications
Authors: Toulmin Llewellyn M. , Givans Charles J. , Steel Deborah L. 
Published: January 2023

Previous research into disaster communications, while fairly extensive, has been limited primarily to sociological analysis and organizational theory. This body of research, however, has not explored disaster communications in a federal, international or other multi-level governmental response system. This paper expands upon existing research to present a new theory of intergovernmental disaster communications. The theory is based on the concept of intergovernmental distance, which refers to distance in terms of differing procedures and approaches used by organizations in different functional areas at various levels of government. The theory postulates that the organizational distance created by these differences becomes a critical factor that must be addressed during a disaster. The study employs three sets of dimensions. The first is in two dimensions and examines distances between functional areas at various levels of government. The second is three dimensional and considers distances between functional area and central management. The third is multidimensional. Here a multiple regression equation is used to analyze intergovernmental distance. The study concludes by addressing the policy implications of the findings, especially the need to overcome inherent intergovernmental distance through disaster planning, the need to recognize the exponential increase in communications problems caused by increases in the number of disaster responders, and the need to determine if the marginal benefits contributed by each new responder exceed the marginal communications and coordination costs each responder imposes.
Behavior During Earthquakes: A Southern Italian Example
Authors: Alexander David 
Published: January 2023

This article concerns mass reaction to a violent earthquake in the eastern part of Naples Province, southern Italy. Patterns of perception and mass behavior are reconstructed from the testimonies of a group of local high school students and from the author's personal experience of the event. This information shows that the perception, and therefore the reaction, of people differed according to age group, older people being by virtue of experience the first to realize that an earthquake was happening. Flight behavior was the prevalent first reaction to the tremors, and fear of being indoors rapidly developed. During the early stages of the emergency panic, defined as nonrational imperative behavior, was common and people were injured as a result. Family ties, however, remained an important influence upon behavior, although they did not impede flight. The findings of this study generally confirm previous literature on mass reactions to earthquake events, except that anxiety, panic and flight appear to have been more widespread, and preparedness less common, than in many other cases that sociologists have studied.
The Structure of Disaster Research: Its Policy and Disciplinary Implications
Authors: Dynes Russell R. , Drabek Thomas E. 
Published: January 2023

The context of sociological research on disaster is discussed by the various settings in which the research tradition has developed. In addition, both funders and users of that research are identified. It is suggested that the most important policy use of disaster research has been to change the conceptualization of disaster. While no specific study can be directly tied to particular policy changes, the overall research tradition has had a transforming effect. That transformation is, of course, more obvious in some societies than in others. In the future, it is suggested that increased attention will be given to disaster preparedness and planning because of more and worse disasters. This means that social science research will continue to thrive because of its potential utility in problem solving. However, future research will be increasingly cast in interdisciplinary terms. Given the reluctance to support basic research, the relationship between applied research and the core disciplines will be come more problematic.
Not on the Record: Disasters, Records and Disaster Research
Authors: Scanlon Joseph 
Published: January 2023

It is conventional wisdom that record keeping falls apart in disasters. Yet that is not documented in the research record. Drabek's (1986) exhaustive review of empirical studies has no reference to records. Quarantelli's (1983) work focused on a narrow subset of records: medical records in mass casualty situations. There are, in fact, problems with records and disasters. Some records wrich would be useful have never been made. Others are lost or damaged, inadequate or inaccurate. Even backups may not be available. There is also a problem with toxicity. The increasing links between humans and toxic events raise issues about the safety of records after an incident. This paper explores the types of records that would be useful to have about disasters and looks at how they should, or could, be created. Attention is also given to the question of records research strategies, as a means for—among other things—tapping the knowledge of disaster research pioneers before their information is lost. Knowledge will grow scientifically only after the most faithful examination of many catastrophes. But it must be realized that the data of the greatest value is left offtimes unrecorded, and fades rapidly from the social memory. Samuel Henry Prince. Catastrophe and Social Change
Age of autism diagnosis in Latin American and Caribbean countries
Authors: Montiel-Nava Cecilia , Montenegro Maria C , Ramirez Ana C , Valdez Daniel , Rosoli Analia , Garcia Ricardo , Garrido Gabriela , Cukier Sebastian , Rattazzi Alexia , Paula Cristiane Silvestre 
Published: January 2023

An earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder might lead to an earlier intervention, yet knowledge and awareness of autism spectrum disorder in Latin America and Caribbean Countries are limited. A later autism spectrum disorder diagnosis has been associated with negative consequences, as it might imply later access to services. This study aims to identify factors associated with the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis as reported by 2520 caregivers of autistic children from six Latin America and Caribbean Countries. Results indicate that on average, caregivers were concerned about their child’s development by 22 months of age; however, the diagnosis was 24 months later. Current age of autistic individuals, better language abilities, and having public health coverage increased the age of diagnosis. On the contrary, the presence of medical comorbidities, severity level, and type of diagnosis decreased the age of diagnosis. The age of diagnosis of autistic individuals in Latin America and Caribbean Countries corresponded to the start of formal schooling despite a much earlier age of first noticed developmental concern, highlighting the need to reduce this age gap and increase children’s probability of benefiting from early intervention. Taken together, autism spectrum disorder personal/clinical characteristics and access to health service are the main determinants for the age of diagnosis. Lay abstract An earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder might lead to earlier intervention. However, people living in Latin American and Caribbean countries do not have much knowledge about autism spectrum disorder symptoms. It has been suggested that the older a child is when diagnosed, the fewer opportunities he or she will have to receive services. We asked 2520 caregivers of autistic children in six different Latin America and Caribbean Countries, the child’s age when they noticed some developmental delays and their child’s age when they received their first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Results indicate that, on average, caregivers were concerned about their child’s development by 22 months of age; however, the diagnosis was received when the child was 46 months of age. In addition, older children with better language abilities and public health coverage (opposed to private health coverage) were diagnosed later. On the contrary, children with other medical problems and more severe behaviors received an earlier diagnosis. In our study, children were diagnosed around the time they entered formal schooling, delaying the access to early intervention programs. In summary, the characteristics of the autistic person and the type of health coverage influence the age of diagnosis in children living in Latin America and Caribbean Countries.
Prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress among foreign-born population in Finland: A population-based survey comparing nine regions of origin
Authors: Robertsson Tessa , Kokko Sami , Lilja Eero , Castañeda Anu E. 
Published: January 2023

Aims: Previous research indicates that foreign-born populations experience more psychological distress than general populations. However, it remains unclear how prevalence varies between regions of origin. The role of socio-demographic and migration-related factors also needs to be further investigated. We aimed to (a) compare the prevalence of psychological distress in foreign-born and general Finnish populations, (b) investigate differences in prevalence between nine regions of origin and (c) examine which socio-demographic and migration-related factors are associated with distress among foreign-born populations. Methods: The study used data from the Survey on Well-Being among Foreign Born Population (FinMonik), a population-based survey ( n=6312) of foreign-born populations living in Finland collected between 2018 and 2019 by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Psychological distress was measured using the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5), with a cut-off point of 52. Logistic regression was used to adjust analyses by age and sex to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and the associated socio-demographic factors. Results: Psychological distress was more prevalent among those who were foreign born (17.4%) than among the general population (12.9%). Migrants from the Middle East and North Africa had the highest prevalence (29.7%) compared to other regions of origin. Unemployment or economic inactivity, international protection as a reason for migration and beginner-level language proficiency were the main factors increasing the odds for distress among foreign-born populations. Conclusions: Foreign-born populations experience more psychological distress than the general population, but prevalence varies between regions of origin. Future efforts should aim at a better understanding of the mental health risk factors and the development of targeted interventions for these subpopulations.
Evaluation of a Digital Health Tool for Titration of Basal Insulin in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale and Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hermanns Norbert , Ehrmann Dominic , Finke-Gröne Katharina , Roos Timm , Freckmann Guido , Kulzer Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

Background: Optimal insulin titration is essential in helping people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to achieve adequate glycemic control. Barriers of people with diabetes to implementation of titration include lack of self-efficiency and self-management skills, increased diabetes-related distress, low treatment satisfaction, poor well-being, as well as concerns about hypoglycemia and insulin overdose. My Dose Coach is a digital health tool for optimizing titration of basal insulin that combines a smartphone app for patients with T2DM and a Web portal for healthcare professionals. Methods/Design: This is a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled parallel study conducted in approximately 50 centers in Germany that are specialized in the treatment of diabetes. Patients in the intervention group will use the titration app and will be registered on the Web portal by their treating physician. Control group patients will continue their current basal insulin titration without using the app. The primary outcome is the mean change in HbA1c levels at the 12-week follow-up. The secondary outcome measures include patient-reported outcomes such as diabetes-related distress, self-management, empowerment, self-efficacy, treatment satisfaction, and psychological well-being as well as fasting blood glucose values. Conclusion: This digital health tool has been previously implemented in several independent pilot studies. The findings from this multicenter randomized controlled trial can provide further evidence supporting the effectiveness of this tool in patients with T2DM and serve as a basis for its clinical integration. Trial Registration: German Register for Clinical Studies-DRKS-ID: DRKS00024861
Comparison of Suture Button and Syndesmotic Screw for Ankle Syndesmotic Injuries: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xu Baoyun , Wang Shanshan , Tan Jindong , Chen Wan , Tang Kang-lai 
Published: January 2023

Background: The syndesmotic screw (SS) and suture button (SB) fixation methods are both widely used for the reduction of ankle syndesmotic injury, with varying outcomes. Purpose: To review recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the outcomes between SS and SB fixation for ankle syndesmotic injury. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant RCTs published between 1966 and 2021 according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Eligible studies were RCTs comparing SS and SB fixation for ankle syndesmotic injury. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Primary outcomes included complications, malreduction, and unplanned reoperation, and secondary outcomes were the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Olerud-Molander ankle score (OMAS), and EuroQol-5 Domain (EQ-5D) score. The mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Random- or fixed-effects model was applied according to heterogeneity. Results: Of 389 studies, 8 RCTs involving 512 patients were included. Overall, 257 patients received SS fixation and 255 patients received SB fixation. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in malreduction (RR, –0.06; 95% CI, –0.18 to 0.07) or EQ-5D (MD, 0.01; 95% CI, –0.01 to 0.03). However, the SB group showed significant advantages over the SS group in complications (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.66), unplanned reoperation (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.89), AOFAS score (MD, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.77 to 4.31), and OMAS (MD, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.54 to 7.48). The risk of bias of the included studies was acceptable. Conclusion: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the SS and SB groups in malreduction and EQ-5D scores. However, the SB group had significantly better local irritation rates, unplanned reoperation rates, AOFAS scores, and OMASs.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of hands in systemic sclerosis: A cross-sectional analytical study of prevalence of inflammatory changes in patients with subclinical arthropathy
Authors: Babulal Vadher Akash , Sinha Anindita , Roy Choudhury Shayeri , Prakash Mahesh , Maralakunte Muniraju , Rehman Tanveer , Sharma Shefali , Kumar Yashwant 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Prevalence of synovitis, tenosynovitis, erosions, acro-osteolysis and bone marrow edema in systemic sclerosis is not extensively reported. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of changes in individual joints of hands in systemic sclerosis patients. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study consisting of 34 adults (females, n = 32) with systemic sclerosis. Patients with clinical synovitis were excluded. All patients underwent ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging of bilateral hands. Results: On US, synovitis, tenosynovitis, erosions, and acro-osteolysis were detected in 97%, 94%, 97%, and 29% patients. Grade I synovitis observed in 67% joints—first carpometacarpal joint (55%), first metacarpophalangeal joint (54%), distal radioulnar joint (50%), and intercarpal joints (47%) were commonly affected. Erosions were common in distal phalanges (first DP72% to fifth DP39%). On magnetic resonance imaging, synovitis, tenosynovitis, erosions, and bone edema were observed in 91%, 85%, 97%, and 85% patients. Grade I synovitis was seen in 70% joints, affecting intercarpal joint (70.6%) and third metacarpophalangeal joint (52.9%) commonly. Grade I erosions were seen in 61%, affecting distal phalanges (55.8%), capitate (60.3%), and lunate (55.8%). Grade I edema was commonly affecting lunate (39%) and capitate (26%). On magnetic resonance imaging, acro-osteolysis was present in 28% (97/340) distal phalanges. Fair agreement (0.21–0.40) was noted between US and magnetic resonance imaging for synovitis and erosions. Conclusion: High prevalence of low-grade inflammation is found in systemic sclerosis patients on US and magnetic resonance imaging. Distal joint assessment in addition to proximal joints improves accurate estimation of prevalence of early arthropathy.
Modified Eden-Lange Triple-Tendon Transfer for Chronic Trapezius Palsy
Authors: Gong Matthew F. , Engler Ian D. , Morales-Restrepo Alejandro , Sabzevari Soheil , Lin Albert 
Published: January 2023

Background: Trapezius palsy can occur due to traumatic or idiopathic spinal accessory nerve injury. As a result of trapezius palsy, shoulder girdle imbalance can develop and present as lateral scapular winging and diminished shoulder range of motion and function. The modified Eden-Lange triple-tendon transfer procedure is a notable salvage operation which can treat chronic trapezius palsy after failure of conservative and nonsalvage interventions. Indications: A 42-year-old right-hand dominant woman who underwent a cervical lymph node biopsy 3 years before presents with chronic left shoulder weakness, severe shoulder pain, and scapular winging. On presentation, she has failed conservative treatments and operative interventions including attempted spinal accessory nerve exploration and repair with ansa cervicalis autograft. Technique Description: A modified Eden-Lange triple-tendon transfer, using the Elhassan modification, was performed to treat the patient’s chronic trapezius palsy. The levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major were sequentially transferred to the lateral scapular spine, central scapular spine, and medial scapular spine, respectively. Results: At interval follow-up, the patient was recovering well from her operation and with progressively improving range of motion and strength. Discussion/Conclusion: The modified Eden-Lange triple-tendon transfer technique is a salvage procedure for treating chronic trapezius palsy by anatomically reconstructing the force vectors of the native trapezius muscle. Effective restoration of proper scapular and shoulder kinematics via the triple-tendon transfer technique can result in improved pain and shoulder girdle function. The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
High-dose melphalan treatment significantly increases mutational burden at relapse in multiple myeloma
Authors: Samur Mehmet Kemal , Roncador Marco , Aktas Samur Anil , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Bazarbachi Abdul Hamid , Szalat Raphael , Shammas Masood A. , Sperling Adam S. , Richardson Paul G. , Magrangeas Florence , Minvielle Stephane , Perrot Aurore , Corre Jill , Moreau Philippe , Thakurta Anjan , Parmigiani Giovanni , Anderson Kenneth C. , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Munshi Nikhil C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-dose melphalan (HDM) improves progression-free survival in multiple myeloma (MM), yet melphalan is a DNA-damaging alkylating agent; therefore, we assessed its mutational effect on surviving myeloma cells by analyzing paired MM samples collected at diagnosis and relapse in the IFM 2009 study. We performed deep whole-genome sequencing on samples from 68 patients, 43 of whom were treated with RVD (lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone) and 25 with RVD + HDM. Although the number of mutations was similar at diagnosis in both groups (7137 vs 7230; P = .67), the HDM group had significantly more mutations at relapse (9242 vs 13 383, P = .005). No change in the frequency of copy number alterations or structural variants was observed. The newly acquired mutations were typically associated with DNA damage and double-stranded breaks and were predominantly on the transcribed strand. A machine learning model, using this unique pattern, predicted patients who would receive HDM with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction value. Clonal evolution analysis showed that all patients treated with HDM had clonal selection, whereas a static progression was observed with RVD. A significantly higher percentage of mutations were subclonal in the HDM cohort. Intriguingly, patients treated with HDM who achieved complete remission (CR) had significantly more mutations at relapse yet had similar survival rates as those treated with RVD who achieved CR. This similarity could have been due to HDM relapse samples having significantly more neoantigens. Overall, our study identifies increased genomic changes associated with HDM and provides rationale to further understand clonal complexity.
MYB insufficiency disrupts proteostasis in hematopoietic stem cells, leading to age-related neoplasia
Authors: Clarke Mary L. , Lemma Roza B. , Walton David S. , Volpe Giacomo , Noyvert Boris , Gabrielsen Odd S. , Frampton Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
MYB plays a key role in gene regulation throughout the hematopoietic hierarchy and is critical for the maintenance of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Acquired genetic dysregulation of MYB is involved in the etiology of a number of leukemias, although inherited noncoding variants of the MYB gene are a susceptibility factor for many hematological conditions, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The mechanisms that connect variations in MYB levels to disease predisposition, especially concerning age dependency in disease initiation, are completely unknown. Here, we describe a model of Myb insufficiency in mice that leads to MPN, myelodysplasia, and leukemia in later life, mirroring the age profile of equivalent human diseases. We show that this age dependency is intrinsic to HSC, involving a combination of an initial defective cellular state resulting from small effects on the expression of multiple genes and a progressive accumulation of further subtle changes. Similar to previous studies showing the importance of proteostasis in HSC maintenance, we observed altered proteasomal activity and elevated proliferation indicators, followed by elevated ribosome activity in young Myb-insufficient mice. We propose that these alterations combine to cause an imbalance in proteostasis, potentially creating a cellular milieu favoring disease initiation.