bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What We Lose When We “Don’t Say Gay”: Generational Shifts in Sexual Identity and Gender
Authors: Bochicchio Lauren , Carmichael Avery Jane , Veldhuis Cindy , Stefancic Ana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAt a time when anti-LGBTQ+ legislation is on the rise in more than a dozen states across the United States, social work providers and researchers must be acutely aware of the ways in which their practice may unintentionally invalidate the identities of LGBTQ+ youth. Concurrently, language used in the LGBTQ+ youth community to describe both sexual identity and gender has moved away from monosexual and binary labels toward nonmonosexual and nonbinary descriptions. The adoption of such language, in practice and in research, is a simple step toward combatting invalidation in the social work field. This commentary explores the expansion of identity labels through the lens of a study conducted across four leading LGBTQ+ agencies in New York and New Jersey with youth and staff. Authors review data that demonstrate the evolution of labels and argue that adopting these terms in practice and research will have fruitful and affirming effects on access to care, treatment attrition, and the design and quality of research in and for the LGBTQ+ community. This shift in language must be comprehensively addressed to ensure that practice and research continue to adopt and advocate for ways to affirm LGBTQ+ people, particularly given the recent onslaught of anti-LGBTQ+ legislation.
Racial Disparities and Pressure Injuries Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Cox Jill , Thomas Hawkins Charlotte 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe the demographic factors, hospitalization-related factors, comorbid states, and social determinants of health among racial groups in a sample of patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of pressure injury (PI) admitted to New Jersey hospitals during the year 2018.

METHODS
Researchers conducted a retrospective analysis of the Health Care Utilization Project’s 2018 New Jersey State Inpatient Database. Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of PI (sacrum, buttocks, or heels; N = 17,781) were included in the analytic sample. Analysis compared patients who identified as Black (n = 3,515) with all other racial groups combined (n = 14,266).

RESULTS
A higher proportion of Black patients were admitted for a PI (P < .001) and had higher proportions of stage 4 PIs (P < .001) but a lower proportion of stage 1 PIs (P < .001). Higher proportions of Black patients were younger, resided in lower income communities, and identified Medicaid as their primary payor source.

CONCLUSIONS
Results highlight the racial disparities that exist among patients with PIs in this diverse state and may represent a much larger problem. Clinical research examining the impact of skin tone rather than by racial group is needed. The impact of racial disparities on social determinants of health with regard to PIs remains largely unknown, but its importance cannot be underestimated.
Factors Associated with Leg Ulcers in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease in Brazil
Authors: Reis de Souza Valquíria , Kelly Shannon , Cerdeira Sabino Ester , Mendes de Oliveira Franciane , Silva Tassila , Miranda Teixeira Carolina , Máximo Claudia , Loureiro Paula , Barbara de Freitas Carneiro-Proietti Anna , Gomes Isabel , Custer Brian , de Almeida-Neto Cesar 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To define the prevalence of leg ulcers and identify the clinical and laboratory factors associated with leg ulcers in adult participants.

METHODS
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,109 patients who were 18 years or older with SS or Sβ0-thalassemia genotypes from a Brazilian cohort. Investigators assessed the prevalence of factors associated with leg ulcers from 2013 to 2017.

RESULTS
The prevalence of leg ulcers was 21%. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; range, 1.06–1.09), male sex (OR, 2.03; range, 1.44–2.87), treatment with chronic transfusion therapy (OR, 1.88; range, 1.15–3.03), higher indirect bilirubin levels (OR, 1.48; range, 1.02–2.16), and low hemoglobin levels (OR, 2.17; range, 1.52–3.11) were associated with leg ulcers. Participants who self-reported as Black (OR, 6.75; range, 2.63–21.32), mixed (OR, 3.91; range, 1.55–12.20), and other/unknown (OR, 3.84; range, 1.04–15.24) were more likely to have leg ulcers compared with those who self-reported as White.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of leg ulcers in this Brazilian cohort was higher than the prevalence reported in developed countries. Known factors such as age and male sex were corroborated. The increased bilirubin level and decreased hemoglobin levels among participants with leg ulcers support the hypothesis that hemolysis is correlated with leg ulcer pathogenesis. Self-reported black skin color was an independent predictor of leg ulcers and warrants further study to understand the etiology and implications of this finding.
Methodological and Clinimetric Evaluation of Inspiratory Respiratory Muscle Ultrasound in the Critical Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Truong Dominic , Abo Shaza , Whish-Wilson Georgina A. , D’Souza Aruska N. , Beach Lisa J. , Mathur Sunita , Mayer Kirby P. , Ntoumenopoulos George , Baldwin Claire , El-Ansary Doa , Paris Michael T. , Mourtzakis Marina , Morris Peter E. , Pastva Amy M. , Granger Catherine L. , Parry Selina M. , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE:
Significant variations exist in the use of respiratory muscle ultrasound in intensive care with no society-level consensus on the optimal methodology. This systematic review aims to evaluate, synthesize, and compare the clinimetric properties of different image acquisition and analysis methodologies.

DATA SOURCES:
Systematic search of five databases up to November 24, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Studies were included if they enrolled at least 50 adult ICU patients, reported respiratory muscle (diaphragm or intercostal) ultrasound measuring either echotexture, muscle thickness, thickening fraction, or excursion, and evaluated at least one clinimetric property. Two independent reviewers assessed titles, abstracts, and full text against eligibility.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Study demographics, ultrasound methodologies, and clinimetric data.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Sixty studies, including 5,025 patients, were included with 39 studies contributing to meta-analyses. Most commonly measured was diaphragm thickness (DT) or diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) using a linear transducer in B-mode, or diaphragm excursion (DE) using a curvilinear transducer in M-mode. There are significant variations in imaging methodology and acquisition across all studies. Inter- and intrarater measurement reliabilities were generally excellent, with the highest reliability reported for DT (ICC, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99). Pooled data demonstrated acceptable to excellent accuracy for DT, DTF, and DE to predicting weaning outcome after 48 to 72 hours postextubation (DTF AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73–0.85). DT imaging was responsive to change over time. Only three eligible studies were available for intercostal muscles. Intercostal thickening fraction was shown to have excellent accuracy of predicting weaning outcome after 48-hour postextubation (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78–0.91).

CONCLUSIONS:
Diaphragm muscle ultrasound is reliable, valid, and responsive in ICU patients, but significant variation exists in the imaging acquisition and analysis methodologies. Future work should focus on developing standardized protocols for ultrasound imaging and consider further research into the role of intercostal muscle imaging.
Evaluation of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Deficiency and Therapy in Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pu Tian-Tian , Wu Wei , Liang Pei-Da , Du Jin-Chan , Han Sheng-Li , Deng Xiu-Ling , Du Xiao-Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure, but targeted therapeutic interventions remain elusive. Previous studies have shown coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) insufficiency in patients with heart disease with undefined mechanism and modest effectiveness of CoQ10 supplement therapy. Using 2 transgenic mouse models of cardiomyopathy owing to cardiac overexpression of Mst1 (Mst1-TG) or β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR-TG), we studied changes in cardiac CoQ10 content and alterations in CoQ10 biosynthesis genes. We also studied in Mst1-TG mice effects of CoQ10, delivered by oral or injection regimens, on both cardiac CoQ10 content and cardiomyopathy phenotypes. High performance liquid chromatography and RNA sequencing revealed in both models significant reduction in cardiac content of CoQ10 and downregulation of most genes encoding CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes. Mst1-TG mice with 70% reduction in cardiac CoQ10 were treated with CoQ10 either by oral gavage or i.p. injection for 4–8 weeks. Oral regimens failed in increasing cardiac CoQ10 content, whereas injection regimen effectively restored the cardiac CoQ10 level in a time-dependent manner. However, CoQ10 restoration in Mst1-TG mice did not correct mitochondrial dysfunction measured by energy metabolism, downregulated expression of marker proteins, and oxidative stress nor to preserve cardiac contractile function. In conclusion, mouse models of cardiomyopathy exhibited myocardial CoQ10 deficiency likely due to suppressed endogenous synthesis of CoQ10. In contrast to ineffectiveness of oral administration, CoQ10 administration by injection regimen in cardiomyopathy mice restored cardiac CoQ10 content, which, however, failed in achieving detectable efficacy at molecular and global functional levels.
Outcomes of Nipple-sparing Mastectomy with Reconstruction after Recent Oncoplastic Wise-pattern Reduction
Authors: Choudhry Salman , Martin Tasha A. , Holton Tripp , Jackson Rubie S. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
For patients with large and/or ptotic breasts, a planned staged approach to nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has been described. Less is known about surgical outcomes of unplanned staged NSM for management of positive margins after partial mastectomy with oncoplastic reduction. It is not clear from earlier studies whether an interval of less than 10 weeks between oncoplastic reduction and NSM is feasible, when a shorter interval is important for oncologic reasons.

Methods:
This is a single institution analysis of patients from 2018 to 2021 with a diagnosis of invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ who underwent NSM after oncoplastic breast reduction for positive margins or nodes. The primary endpoint measured was nipple loss. Secondary outcomes were need for operative re-intervention and wound complications.

Results:
Nine patients (14 breasts) underwent partial mastectomy with oncoplastic Wise-pattern breast reduction, followed by NSM. Three patients underwent intersurgery chemotherapy. The average interval between oncoplastic reduction and NSM was 11.3 weeks when excluding patients undergoing chemotherapy (range 8–13 weeks). Thirteen breasts (93%) underwent pre-pectoral direct-to-implant reconstruction. One breast (7%) received autologous reconstruction. One breast required reoperation for seroma. The rate of partial or total nipple loss was 0%, with an average follow-up of 1.6 years.

Conclusions:
Our experience demonstrates excellent outcomes from NSM after oncoplastic breast reduction, with the majority of patients undergoing single-stage pectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Overall, patients had a shorter intersurgery interval, compared with prior studies, with no cases of nipple loss. An intersurgery interval of 8 weeks may be feasible when avoiding delays is important for oncologic reasons.
Triad multisystem phenotype with high risk for developing temporomandibular disorders—characteristics and potential pathophysiology results from the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment dataset
Authors: Chen Hong , Comnick Carissa , Norman Greg J. , Caplan Daniel J. , Xie Xian Jin , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A multisystem phenotype with the Triad of bodily pain, psychological distress, and sleep disturbance was found to have high risk for developing initial onset of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in the multicenter Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment dataset. In this study, we systemically examined phenotypic characteristics and explored potential pathophysiology in quantitative sensory testing and autonomic nervous system domains in this multisystem Triad phenotype. Secondary analysis was performed on 1199 non-Triad and 154 Triad TMD-free Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment enrollees at baseline. Results indicated that before developing TMDs, the Triad phenotype demonstrated both orofacial and systemic signs and symptoms that can only be captured through multisystem assessment. In addition, we found significantly lower resting heart rate variability and higher resting heart rate in the Triad phenotype as compared with the non-Triad group. However, pain sensitivity measured by quantitative sensory testing was not different between groups. These findings highlight the importance of whole-person multisystem assessment at the stage before developing complex pain conditions, such as TMDs, and suggest that, in addition to a “tissue damage monitor,” pain should be considered in a broader context, such as a component within a “distress monitoring system” at the whole-person level when multisystem issues copresent. Therefore, the presence or absence of multisystem issues may carry critical information when searching for disease mechanisms and developing mechanism-based intervention and prevention strategies for TMDs and related pain conditions. Cardiovascular autonomic function should be further researched when multisystem issues copresent before developing TMDs.
The burden of preoperative fear-avoidance beliefs in workers after thoracic and lumbar spine surgery: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Bellosta-López Pablo , Langella Francesco , Ponzo Matteo , Bassani Roberto , Brayda-Bruno Marco , Damilano Marco , Giudici Fabrizio , Lovi Alessio , Morselli Carlotta , Redaelli Andrea , Scaramuzzo Laura , Lamartina Claudio , Berjano Pedro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Spinal disorders are the main reasons for sick leave and early retirement among the working population in industrialized countries. When “red flags” are present, spine surgery is the treatment of choice. However, the role of psychosocial factors such as fear-avoidance beliefs in spine surgery outcomes is still debated. The study aims to investigate whether patients presenting high or low levels of fear-avoidance thoughts before the spine surgery reported different surgical results and return-to-work rates over 2 years. From an institutional spine surgery registry, workers surgically treated with a preoperative score in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) higher than 20/100 and provided ODI questionnaires, return-to-work status at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups were analyzed. A total of 1769 patients were stratified according to the work subscale of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-W) in high fear (FABQ-W ≥ 34/42) or low fear (FABQ-W < 34/42). Multivariate regression was used to search for preoperative factors, which might interact with FABQ-W. The higher-fear group showed a different recovery pattern, with higher levels of disability according to the ODI (total score, absolute change, frequency of clinically relevant change, and disability categories) and lower return-to-work ratios over the 24-month follow-up. High fear, high disability, greater age, female gender, smoking, and worse physical status at baseline were associated with worse ODI outcomes 2 years after the surgery. In summary, fear-avoidance beliefs significantly influence the speed and the entity of surgical outcomes in the working population. However, the contribution of FABQ-W in predicting long-term disability levels was limited.
The impact of ageism in the care of older adults with cancer
Authors: Krasovitsky Michael , Porter Isobel , Tuch Gina 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
This review summarizes recent research on the impact of ageism in older adults with cancer and how society can best address the issue. Despite older individuals representing the vast majority of those with cancer, with a dramatic increase in incidence anticipated in the coming decades, ageism remains an under-recognized and extremely detrimental phenomenon in cancer care.

Recent findings
We examine the associations between ageism and health, and highlight the consequences of higher mortality, a deterioration in mental and physical health, worse functional status and increased comorbidity burden. We then discuss the oncologic-specific impacts of ageism, including lower rates of cancer screening, decreased histological confirmation of cancer, decreased surgical intervention and systemic therapy prescription and poorer survivorship experience. To conclude, we illustrate the opportunities within oncologic systems of care to engage with, and dismantle, the damaging effects of ageism, namely policy and legislation, education and intergenerational contact.

Summary
Despite recognition of the numerous negative sequelae of ageism, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the intersection between ageism and cancer. Our piece summarizes the key developments in this field, but further evaluation is desperately required.
Single Cell Transcriptomics of Fibrotic Lungs Unveils Aging-associated Alterations in Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Regeneration
Authors: Raslan Ahmed A. , Pham Tho X. , Lee Jisu , Hong Jeongmin , Schmottlach Jillian , Nicolas Kristina , Dinc Taha , Bujor Andreea M. , Caporarello Nunzia , Thiriot Aude , von Andrian Ulrich H. , Huang Steven K. , Nicosia Roberto F. , Trojanowska Maria , Varelas Xaralabos , Ligresti Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLung regeneration deteriorates with aging leading to increased susceptibility to pathologic conditions, including fibrosis. Here, we investigated bleomycin-induced lung injury responses in young and aged mice at single-cell resolution to gain insights into the cellular and molecular contributions of aging to fibrosis. Analysis of 52,542 cells in young (8 weeks) and aged (72 weeks) mice identified 15 cellular clusters, many of which exhibited distinct injury responses that associated with age. We identifiedPdgfra+alveolar fibroblasts as a major source of collagen expression following bleomycin challenge, with those from aged lungs exhibiting a more persistent activation compared to young ones. We also observed age-associated transcriptional abnormalities affecting lung progenitor cells, including ATII pneumocytes and general capillary (gCap) endothelial cells (ECs). Transcriptional analysis combined with lineage tracing identified a sub-population of gCap ECs marked by the expression of Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B (TrkB) that appeared in bleomycin-injured lungs and accumulated with aging. This newly emerged TrkB+EC population expressed common gCap EC markers but also exhibited a distinct gene expression signature associated with aberrant YAP/TAZ signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypoxia. Finally, we defined ACKR1+venous ECs that exclusively emerged in injured lungs of aged animals and were closely associated with areas of collagen deposition and inflammation. Immunostaining and FACS analysis of human IPF lungs demonstrated that ACKR1+venous ECs were dominant cells within the fibrotic regions and accumulated in areas of myofibroblast aggregation. Together, these data provide high-resolution insights into the impact of aging on lung cell adaptability to injury responses.
Breakdown in seasonal dynamics of subtropical ant communities with land-cover change
Authors: Kass Jamie M. , Yoshimura Masashi , Ogasawara Masako , Suwabe Mayuko , Garcia Francisco Hita , Fischer Georg , Dudley Kenneth L. , Donohue Ian , Economo Evan P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConcerns about widespread human-induced declines in insect populations are mounting, yet little is known about how land-use change modifies the dynamics of insect communities, particularly in understudied biomes. Here, we examine how the seasonal patterns of ant activity—key drivers of terrestrial ecosystem functioning—vary with human-induced land cover change on a subtropical island landscape. Using trap captures sampled biweekly from a biodiversity monitoring network covering Okinawa Island, Japan, we processed 1.2 million individuals and reconstructed activity patterns within and across habitat types. Forest communities exhibited greater variability than those in more developed areas. Using time-series decomposition to deconstruct this pattern, we found that ant communities at sites with greater human development exhibited diminished seasonality, reduced synchrony, and higher stochasticity compared to those at sites with greater forest cover. Our results cannot be explained by variation in either regional orin situtemperature patterns, or by differences in species richness or composition among sites. We conclude that the breakdown of natural seasonal patterns of functionally key insect communities may comprise an important and underappreciated consequence of global environmental change that must be better understood across Earth’s biomes.
Comparison of wholemount dissection methods for neuronal subtype marker expression in the mouse myenteric plexus
Authors: Gomez-Frittelli Julieta , Hamnett Ryan , Kaltschmidt Julia A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurately reporting the identity and representation of enteric nervous system (ENS) neuronal subtypes along the length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is critical to advancing our understanding of ENS control of GI tract function. Reports of varying proportions of subtype marker expression have employed different dissection techniques to achieve wholemount muscularis preparations of myenteric plexus. In this study we asked whether differences in GI dissection methods could introduce variability into the quantification of marker expression.MethodsWe compared three commonly used methods of ENS wholemount dissection: two flat-sheet preparations that differed in the order of microdissection and fixation as well as a rod-mounted peeling technique. We assessed marker expression using immunohistochemistry, genetic reporter lines, confocal microscopy, and automated image analysis.Key Results and ConclusionsWe found no significant differences between the two flat-sheet preparation methods in the expression of calretinin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), or somatostatin (SST) in ileum myenteric plexus. However, the rod-mounted peeling method resulted in decreased marker labeling for both calretinin and nNOS. This method also resulted in decreased transgenic reporter fluorescent protein (tdTomato) for substance P in ileum and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in both ileum and distal colon. These results suggest that labeling among some markers, both native protein and transgenic fluorescent reporters, is decreased by the rod-mounted mechanical method of peeling, demonstrating a critical variability in wholemount muscularis dissection methods.