bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NG2 glia protect against prion neurotoxicity by inhibiting prostaglandin E2 signaling
Authors: Liu Yingjun , Guo Jingjing , Matoga Maja , Korotkova Marina , Jakobsson Per-Johan , Aguzzi Adriano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOligodendrocyte-lineage cells, including NG2 glia, undergo prominent changes in various neurodegenerative disorders. This raises the question of how myelinating cells interact with neurodegenerative processes. Here, we found that NG2 glia were activated after prion infection in cerebellar organotypic cultured slices (COCS) and in brains of prion-inoculated mice. In both model systems, depletion of NG2 glia exacerbated prion-induced neurodegeneration and accelerated prion pathology. Loss of NG2 glia unleashed a microglial reaction promoting the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which augmented prion neurotoxicity in the HovS cell line, primary neurons and COCS through binding to the EP4 receptor. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed molecular signatures of inflammatory, disease-associated and MHC+microglia but not of interferon-responsiveness in PGE2-producing microglia of prion-inoculated mice. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis attenuated prion-induced neurodegeneration in COCS and mice, reduced the enhanced neurodegeneration in NG2-glia-depleted COCS after prion infection, and dampened the acceleration of prion disease in NG2-glia-depleted mice. These data unveil a non-cell-autonomous interaction between NG2 glia and microglia in prion disease and suggest that PGE2 signaling may represent an actionable target against prion diseases.
Uncoupled evolution of the Polycomb system and deep origin of non-canonical PRC1
Authors: Potter Bastiaan de , Raas Maximilian W. D. , Seidl Michael F. , Verrijzer C. Peter , Snel Berend 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) proteins modulate chromatin states to silence gene transcription in plants and animals. Most PcG proteins function as part of distinct multi-subunit Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs). Gene repression by the Polycomb system involves chromatin compaction by canonical PRC1 (cPRC1), mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2A (H2Aub1) by non-canonical PRC1 (ncPRC1) and tri-methylation of histone H3K27 (H3K27me3) by PRC2. Prevalent models for Polycomb repression emphasize a tight functional coupling between PRC1 and PRC2. However, whether this paradigm indeed reflects the evolution and functioning of the Polycomb system remains unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between cPRC1, ncPRC1 and PRC2 through a comprehensive analysis of their presence and evolution across the entire eukaryotic tree of life. We show that both PRC1 and PRC2 were present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA), but that their subsequent evolution is uncoupled. The identification of orthologs for ncPRC1-defining subunits in unicellular relatives of animals and of fungi suggests that the origin of ncPRC1 predates that of cPRC1, and we develop a scenario for the evolution of cPRC1 from ncPRC1. Our results demonstrate the independent evolution and function of PRC1 and PRC2 and show that crosstalk between these complexes is a secondary development in evolution.
Juvenile and adult expression of polyglutamine expandedhuntingtinproduce distinct aggregate distributions inDrosophilamuscle
Authors: Barwell Taylor , Raina Sehaj , Page Austin , MacCharles Hayley , Seroude Laurent 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTWhile Huntington’s disease (HD) is widely recognized as a disease affecting the nervous system, much evidence has accumulated to suggest peripheral or non-neuronal tissues are affected as well. Here, we utilize the UAS/GAL4 system to express a pathogenic HD construct in the muscle of the fly, and characterize the effects. We observe detrimental phenotypes such as reduced lifespan, decreased locomotion, and accumulation of protein aggregates. Strikingly, depending on the GAL4 driver used to express the construct we saw different aggregate distributions and severity of phenotypes. These different aggregate distributions were found to be dependent on expression level and the timing of expression. Hsp70, a well-documented suppressor of polyglutamine aggregates, was found to strongly reduce the accumulation of aggregates in the eye, but in the muscle it did not prevent the reduction of the lifespan. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of aggregates in the muscle are distinct from the nervous system.
Phables: from fragmented assemblies to high-quality bacteriophage genomes
Authors: Mallawaarachchi Vijini , Roach Michael J. , Decewicz Przemyslaw , Papudeshi Bhavya , Giles Sarah K. , Grigson Susanna R. , Bouras George , Hesse Ryan D. , Inglis Laura K. , Hutton Abbey L. K. , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. , Edwards Robert A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivationMicrobial communities influence both human health and different environments. Viruses infecting bacteria, known as bacteriophages or phages, play a key role in modulating bacterial communities within environments. High-quality phage genome sequences are essential for advancing our understanding of phage biology, enabling comparative genomics studies, and developing phage-based diagnostic tools. Most available viral identification tools consider individual sequences to determine whether they are of viral origin. As a result of the challenges in viral assembly, fragmentation of genomes can occur, leading to the need for new approaches in viral identification. Therefore, the identification and characterisation of novel phages remain a challenge.ResultsWe introduce Phables, a new computational method to resolve phage genomes from fragmented viral metagenome assemblies. Phables identifies phage-like components in the assembly graph, models each component as a flow network, and uses graph algorithms and flow decomposition techniques to identify genomic paths. Experimental results of viral metagenomic samples obtained from different environments show that Phables recovers on average over 49% more high-quality phage genomes compared to existing viral identification tools. Furthermore, Phables can resolve variant phage genomes with over 99% average nucleotide identity, a distinction that existing tools are unable to make.Availability and ImplementationPhables is available on GitHub athttps://github.com/Vini2/phables.Contactvijini.mallawaarachchi@flinders.edu.au
Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter-, cell type-specific and chromosome- transcriptomic signatures
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Xu Ting , Liu Xuerong , Becker Benjamin , Li Wei , Miao Kuan , Gong Zheng , Zhang Rong , Huo ZhenZhen , Hu Bowen , Tang Yancheng , Xiao Zhibin , Feng Zhengzhi , Chen Ji , Feng Tingyong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeurofunctional dysregulations in spatially discrete areas or isolated pathways have been suggested as neural markers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, multiscale perspectives into the neurobiological underpins of ADHD spanning multiple biological systems remain sparse. This points to the need of multi-levels of analysis encompassing brain functional organization and its correlation with molecular and cell-specific transcriptional signatures are stressed. Here, we capitalized on diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient, and deployed multivariate partial least square (PLS) method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal connectome-transcriptional signatures of ADHD. Compared to typical control, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical perturbations in lateral orbito-frontal and superior temporal regions, which had also been validated in another independent sample. This gradient-derived variants in ADHD further aligned spatially with distributions of GABAA/BZand 5-HT2Areceptors and co-varied with genetic transcriptional expression. Cognitive decoding and gene-expression annotation showed the correlates of these variants in memory, emotional regulation and spatial attention. Moreover, the gradient-derived transcriptional signatures of ADHD exhibited enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells, and were mainly involved as variants of chromosome 18, 19 and X. In conclusion, our findings bridged in-vivo neuroimging assessed functional brain organization patterns to a multi-level molecular pathway in ADHD, possibly shedding light on the interrelation of biological systems that may coalesce to the emergence of this disorder.
CSR reporting in Arab countries: the emergence of three genres
Authors: Ismaeel Muatasim , Zakaria Zarina 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explain how companies in the region of Arab countries respond to the institutional diffusion of a new communication genre like corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports.

Design/methodology/approach
Analysis of the features, content and language of CSR reports published by listed companies in the region, to classify the genres of these reports and infer results about ways of companies’ interaction with newly institutionalized genre.

Findings
Three distinct genres are identified: “sustainability reports genre,” “professional CSR report genre” and “light CSR report genre.” When companies interact with institutionally diffused genres, they either adopt them and re-enforce their distinctiveness, mix them with elements from other genres so their distinctiveness will be diluted, or produce the old and established genres under the new name so the new genre will lose its distinctiveness.

Originality/value
The proposed classification of CSR report genres and ways of companies’ interaction with new genres are original and open new horizons for research in social and environmental accounting and corporate communication fields.
Applying an extended investment model for enhancing supply chain performance
Authors: Lee Changjoon , Ha Young-Kyou 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to verify whether the relationships between supply chain members can maximize supply chain efficiency by adopting an investment model that has been used in family psychology.

Design/methodology/approach
Information sharing was added as a link between commitment level and the independent variables of the investment model, and their effect on logistics performance in terms of supply chain operation was examined. The authors surveyed workers involved in supply chain-related work in Korea and collected 300 valid survey responses to verify the findings. The hypotheses were verified through structural equation model using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Findings
This study academically revealed the impacts of intangible efficiency on performance. Satisfaction and investment size had a significant effect on information sharing, but not on the quality of alternatives. Information sharing had a positive effect on the commitment level. Finally, commitment level had a positive effect on logistics performance. Because the effects of satisfaction and investment size are proportional to the degree of information sharing, firms in a supply chain must consider their importance.

Originality/value
Owing to the complexity of today’s supply chains, the existing fragmentary method of analysis limits the evaluation of supply chain performance factors. Accordingly, based on an investment model that is rarely discussed in business administration, this study identified the link of antecedent variables in addition to direct variables that affect supply chain performance.
Increasing digital dissemination and online apparel shopping behaviour of Generation Y
Authors: Agrawal Durgesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the online apparel shopping behaviour of Generation Y (Gen Y) in an unprecedented digital dissemination era.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, a “mixed-method approach” was used with an explanatory sequential research design. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the role of various contemporary elements of shopping motives. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted to explain quantitative outputs.FindingsIt finds that Gen Y consumers demonstrate “fashion-hunting”, “variety-seeking”, “status/recognition-seeking” and “deal-hunting” behaviours in online apparel shopping. “Haptic impressions” gained via hands and other “socio-psychological benefits” trigger their apparel shopping behaviour. They make better and more informed purchase decisions based on prior online research and user-generated content shared by friends/relatives on social media portraying the true characteristics of “digital natives”. They do not trust online retailers for premium apparel shopping due to associated “product risk” and lack of transparency in their “exchange/return/refund policy”. Finally, they are increasingly inspired to have an “integrated online and offline shopping experience”.Practical implicationsOnline retailers can use the findings of this study to develop more effective marketing strategies to serve Gen Y consumers.Originality/valueThe study measured actual behaviours on a holistic gamut of shopping motives consisting of utilitarian, hedonic, physical product-specific (apparel) and emerging elements of shopping motives in the technology-enabled era of shopping exclusively. Therefore, the results of the study offer significant, realistic and useful theoretical contributions to the existing literature on the subject matter along with valuable inputs to practitioners alike.
Preempting fraud: a financial distress prediction perspective on combating financial crime
Authors: Halteh Khaled , Tiwari Milind 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The prevention of fraudulent activities, particularly within a financial context, is of paramount significance in all spheres, as it not only impacts the sustainability of corporate entities but also has the potential to have a broader economy-wide impact. This paper aims to focus on dual implications associated with financial distress, the first being associated with the temptation to launder funds due to financial distress, and the second being the potential for illicit activities, such as fraud, money laundering or terror financing, to give rise to financial distress.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines the literature on financial distress and uses theories of financial crime to establish a link between financial distress and financial crime.

Findings
In recent years, there has been a surge in corporate financial distress, particularly in the aftermath of concurrent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. Through a comprehensive examination of literature pertaining to financial distress and financial crime, this study identifies a proclivity towards fraudulent conduct arising from instances of financial distress. Moreover, the engagement in such illicit activities subsequently exacerbates the financial distress. An analysis of the relationship between financial crime and financial distress reveals the existence of a vicious cycle between the two.

Originality/value
The results of this study have the potential to advance understanding of the relationship between financial distress and financial crime, which has been previously underexplored.
Police diversity and crime clearance for Black and Hispanic victims
Authors: Roberts Aki , Smith Hannah R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryAs a policy response to historically strained police–minority community relations, police diversification is hoped to improve policing outcomes in minority communities. An improved police–community relationship may be expected to lead to increased citizen cooperation in crime investigations and therefore be beneficial for crime clearance, but there are different perspectives on the nature of this link. We examined several measures of Black police representation (Black officer percentage, Black racial congruence between the police force and the jurisdiction's population, and presence of Black police chief or head) and their relationships with arrest clearance of National Incident‐Based Reporting System aggravated assault incidents involving Black victims in 205 agencies. We also explored similar Hispanic police representation measures in a sample of aggravated assault incidents with Hispanic victims in 158 agencies. In multilevel survival analyses with agency/jurisdiction‐ and incident‐level controls, none of the Black representation measures were significantly associated with clearance of Black victims’ incidents. We obtained similar results for the Hispanic representation measures and clearance of Hispanic victims’ incidents.Policy ImplicationsAlthough the findings do not indicate a benefit of diversity for clearance involving minority victims, it is encouraging that neither do results suggest that increasing minority police representation would harm clearance. Responding to the public's strong call for demographic reform, it appears that police agencies can continue to increase their racial and ethnic diversity without sacrificing clearance rates, a main indicator of police performance. At least for clearance, warnings of reduced performance when equitable representation is an agency priority do not seem to be well‐founded. There should be continuing research on policing outcomes and diversity as U.S. agencies increase their minority representation, and agencies should emphasize the recruitment, hiring, and retention of minority officers.
How do co‐shareholding networks affect negative media coverage? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Hou Wendi , Liu Yupei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between the co‐shareholding network and negative media coverage in the context of China. We find that the high degree centrality and structural holes of firm's co‐shareholding networks have negative effects on the amount and severity of negative media coverage but through differentiated mechanisms. Focal firms in high degree centrality positions can decrease negative coverage by information sharing through the network, but focal firms in the position of structural holes reduce negative coverage through information control. Our findings can complement both research on the disparate impacts of co‐shareholding networks and the media spin effect.
A nonparametric mixture approach to density and null proportion estimation in large‐scale multiple comparison problems
Authors: Xue Xiangjie , Wang Yong 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA new method for estimating the proportion of null effects is proposed for solving large‐scale multiple comparison problems. It utilises maximum likelihood estimation of nonparametric mixtures, which also provides a density estimate of the test statistics. It overcomes the problem of the usual nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator that cannot produce a positive probability at the location of null effects in the process of estimating nonparametrically a mixing distribution. The profile likelihood is further used to help produce a range of null proportion values, corresponding to which the density estimates are all consistent. With a proper choice of a threshold function on the profile likelihood ratio, the upper endpoint of this range can be shown to be a consistent estimator of the null proportion. Numerical studies show that the proposed method has an apparently convergent trend in all cases studied and performs favourably when compared with existing methods in the literature.
Enabling activist resilience: Bystander protection during protest crackdowns in Myanmar
Authors: Tran Mai Van 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhat accounts for the survival and long‐term participation of activists in contentious movements under repression? I argue for the role of an important yet oft‐neglected factor: protective support by civilian bystanders. I propose that, mainly motivated by victim‐oriented sympathy, bystanders engage in high‐risk protection that helps activists to escape crackdowns and bolsters their dedication to the movement. To test my theoretical claims, I examine hard cases for activist survival at the height of state violence during military rule in Myanmar between 1988 and 2010, with an original qualitative data set consisting of oral history interviews and written accounts by more than 100 protest observers and former pro‐democracy activists. The data set presents an unprecedented number of voices from the average, non‐contentious general public, which are mostly missing in existing research on social movements. This approach generates a fresh perspective to better understand opportunities and constraints around movement entrepreneurs in hostile environments.
Health‐related quality of life in asthma measured by the World Health Organization brief questionnaire (WHO‐BREF) and the effect of concomitant allergic rhinitis—A population‐based study
Authors: Ozoh Obianuju B. , Aderibigbe Sunday A. , Ayuk Adaeze C. , Dede Sandra K. , Egbagbe Eruke , Babashani Musa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe impact of allergic rhinitis (AR), a common comorbidity in asthma, on global quality of life (QoL) using generic QoL questionnaires has not been extensively evaluated.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional population‐based study among adults ≥18 years old. Generic QoL was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF), and asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test. Participants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 (No asthma, no AR), Group 2 (Asthma only), Group 3 (AR only) and Group 4 (Concomitant asthma and AR). The student t‐test or the ANOVA was used for comparison between groups and based on the level of asthma control. Linear regression was used to assess the association between the level of asthma control and QoL scores, adjusted for age and sex. A p‐value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all associations.ResultsThere were 9115 participants; 906 (9.9%) had asthma, and 1998 (21.9%) had AR. The lowest QoL scores were in the environment domain. Mean QoL scores were significantly lower in asthma compared to ‘no asthma’ and in AR compared to ‘no AR’. Either asthma or rhinitis (Group 2 or 3) had significantly lower scores compared to no disease (Group 1) only in the environment domain, but the concomitant disease (Group 4) had lower scores across all categories and domains. Scores were significantly lower for uncontrolled asthma compared to controlled asthma and for ‘concomitant asthma and AR’ compared to ‘asthma only’. Increasing age and uncontrolled asthma predicted worse health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) consistently.ConclusionAlthough asthma and AR negatively impact HRQoL independently, concomitant asthma and AR are worse. Uncontrolled asthma underpins poor QoL in asthma because QoL is not impaired in controlled disease. This underscores the need for recognition and treatment of AR in asthma and reinforces the benefits of achieving asthma control as a priority in asthma treatment.