bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of fixed bed and slurry bubble column reactors for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Sauerhöfer-Rodrigo Frank , Díaz Ismael , Rodríguez Manuel , Pérez Ponciano 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An extensive review of slurry bubble column reactor and fixed bed reactor steady state models for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is presented in this work. Material, energy and momentum balance equations are presented here along with the relevant findings of each study for modelling purposes. For fixed bed reactor models, one-dimensional and two-dimensional models can be differentiated, with the latter being better at predicting hot spots and thermal runaways, although the computational effort required solving them is also higher. Fixed bed reactors can also be classified as pseudo-homogeneous or heterogeneous models, the former considering that all phases are in thermal and chemical equilibrium, and the latter having different profiles for the catalyst particles, generally including a pellet model. For slurry bubble column reactors, single-class and double-class bubble models can be differentiated. The double-class bubble models represent better churn-turbulent regimes at the expense of a higher computational effort.
Microstructure Analysis of Cold Bituminous Emulsion Mixture Using Different Filler Type
Authors: Kar Siksha Swaroopa , Beniwal Nipun , Bharath G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In today’s scenario, the environmental impact of the transport sector plays a major role in net carbon emission generation and global warming. Seeing the emerging environmental issue, it has been mandatory to adopt sustainable technologies in every sector. The use of bitumen emulsion in the construction of pavement has been rapidly enhanced in the last decade. This technology eliminates the heating of aggregate and binder, resulting in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, which is also termed as cold mix technology. Filler has a major role in the formation of bonds between bitumen emulsion and aggregate. In the present study, cement, lime, and fly ash have been considered as filler materials along with stone dust and the required optimum emulsion content and water content were determined. The impact of filler on the breaking of bitumen emulsion is studied through scanning electron microscope image analysis. The impact of filler on pH of bitumen emulsion mastic is also evaluated. The optimum emulsion content in cold bituminous emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) depends on the particle size of the filler. The required water content for lime is less compared to other filler materials. The results show that cement and fly ash are pozzolanic in nature, form hydration products in the presence of water in CBEM, and result in higher density and stability. The study depicts the role of filler material in CBEM at the microlevel.
Multiscale Characterization of Rejuvenated RAP Binders
Authors: Abdelaziz Amal , Masad Eyad , Epps Martin Amy , Arámbula Mercado Edith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is increasingly being utilized in asphalt pavements because of the high cost and scarcity of virgin asphalt materials. However, because RAP is a stiff material, it requires careful engineering to prevent cracking. Recycling agents have shown the ability to partially restore the properties of RAP binders if applied in a proper type and dose. Many studies investigated the impact of recycling agents when added to blends of virgin and RAP binders, but only a few investigated their effectiveness when applied to only RAP binders. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of various types and doses of recycling agents on the properties of RAP binders. Rheological properties were measured using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to measure the degree of oxidation of the rejuvenated RAP binders. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests were conducted to measure the morphology and modulus of rejuvenated RAP binders at the nanoscale. Finally, AFM measurements were used to calculate a rejuvenation index (RI), which was developed in an earlier study by the authors to assess the effectiveness of recycling agents in resisting the adverse effects of aging. DSR results demonstrated that the inclusion of recycling agents lowered the stiffness of the RAP binders. AFM morphology images revealed the presence of a large number and varying sizes of phase associations in the RAP binders. These phase associations became more pronounced with aging. Some recycling agents partially reversed the aging effect by reducing the area occupied by these associations. Nonetheless, after long-term aging, the effect of recycling agents diminished. The results of this study revealed that characterizing rejuvenated RAP binders at both the microscale and macroscale levels can indicate the effectiveness of recycling agents and aid in the selection of type or dose of recycling agent.
Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials with Similar Specific Surface Area on Cementitious Composite Systems
Authors: Sevim Ozer , Sengul Cagrı Goktug , Kartal Saruhan , Toklu Kenan , Caglar Yasin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the mechanical and durability properties of cementitious composite systems with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and bottom ash (BA), with similar specific surface areas (∼3,300 cm2/g). FA, GGBS, and BA were ground to a specific surface area of ∼3,300 cm2/g (about the cement-specific surface area) and then replaced with cement at 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % replacement ratios. The compressive strength, flexural strength, length change, and rapid chloride ion permeability of the cementitious composites incorporating FA, GGBS, and BA with similar specific surface areas were recorded after 7-, 28-, and 90-day curing periods. As a result, cementitious composites containing GGBS improved the mechanical and durability properties at the maximum rate. It was shown that the properties of cementitious composites containing 20 % GGBS yielded better results than the control specimens without any SCMs.
An Apparatus for Determining Micromechanical Interface Shear Properties of Geomaterial Contacts
Authors: Kandpal Lalit , Vangla Prashanth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a custom-built micromechanical testing apparatus to analyze the interface shear behavior of geomaterial contacts. This apparatus allows for the investigation of rolling and sliding friction of a wide range of geomaterial contacts under various testing parameters, including normal load, displacement rate, and dry and wet conditions. The device is instrumented with sensors (load, displacement, and camera) and a computerized data acquisition system to measure and record the force, displacement, and images of the contacts during the test for in-depth study. The images are captured from the bottom of the sliding platform while shearing for only the contacts made of particle and transparent continuum materials. The shear response accuracy for the geomaterial contacts tested in the custom-built micromechanical apparatus is demonstrated by comparing the results of the same contacts obtained from a high-end tribometer apparatus. It was found that test findings from a custom-built apparatus are as accurate as those from a high-end tribometer and reliable for the micromechanical analysis of geomaterial interactions. Further, experiments were performed on different types of interface contacts and under different conditions to demonstrate the apparatus’s sensitivity. These findings indicate that the apparatus stiffness is sufficient and facilitates the understanding of micromechanical behavior and estimates basic yet essential inputs required to comprehend the complex behavior of geomaterials.
The Basolateral Amygdala Sends a Mixed (GABAergic and Glutamatergic) Projection to the Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
Authors: Ahmed Nowrin , Paré Denis 
Published: February 2023

The medial prefrontal cortex receives converging inputs from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Although many studies reported that the BLA also projects to MD, there is conflicting evidence regarding this projection, with some data suggesting that it originates from GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the neurotransmitter used by MD-projecting BLA cells in male and female rats. We first examined whether BLA cells retrogradely labeled by Fast Blue infusions in MD are immunopositive for multiple established markers of BLA interneurons. A minority of MD-projecting BLA cells expressed somatostatin (∼22%) or calretinin (∼11%) but not other interneuronal markers, suggesting that BLA neurons projecting to MD not only include glutamatergic cells, but also long-range GABAergic neurons. Second, we examined the responses of MD cells to optogenetic activation of BLA axons using whole-cell recordingsin vitro. Consistent with our immunohistochemical findings, among responsive MD cells, light stimuli typically elicited isolated EPSPs (73%) or IPSPs (27%) as well as coincident EPSPs and IPSPs (11%). Indicating that these IPSPs were monosynaptic, light-evoked EPSPs and IPSPs had the same latency and the IPSPs persisted in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. Overall, our results indicate that the BLA sends a mixed, glutamatergic-GABAergic projection to MD, which likely influences coordination of activity between BLA, MD, and medial prefrontal cortex. An important challenge for future studies will be to examine the connections formed by MD-projecting glutamatergic and GABAergic BLA cells with each other and other populations of BLA cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) send convergent projections to the medial prefrontal cortex. Although many studies reported that the BLA also projects to MD, there is conflicting evidence as to whether this projection is glutamatergic or GABAergic. By combining tract tracing, immunohistochemistry, optogenetics, and patch clamp recordingsin vitro, we found that BLA neurons projecting to MD not only include glutamatergic cells, but also long-range GABAergic neurons. Differential recruitment of these two contingents of cells likely influences coordination of activity between the BLA, MD, and medial prefrontal cortex.
Campur kode dan Alih kode dalam mata kuliah zhÅngjÃ­ hÃ nyÇ” tÄ«ng shuÅ xiÃ
Authors: Iskandar Maghfirany , Anggraeni Anggraeni 
Published: February 2023

Mata kuliah zhÅngjÃ­ hÃ nyÇ” tÄ«ng shuÅ xiÃ diampu oleh Dosen Native Speaker yang juga bisa berbahasa Indonesia. Hal ini menyebabkan Dosen dan Mahasiswa sering menggunakan bahasa Indonesia ketika perkuliahan berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wujud campur kode dan alih kode serta menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode dan alih kode pembelajaran daring pada mata kuliah zhÅngjÃ­ hÃ nyÇ” tÄ«ng shuÅ xiÃ . Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metodelogi kuanlitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, subjek penelitian ini adalah percakapan antara Dosen dan Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin angkatan 2018. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat 12 data campur kode dan 5 data alih kode. Wujud campur kode yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini berupa kata, frasa, perulangan kata, dan klausa. Sedangkan wujud alih kode berupa alih kode intern dan alih kode ekstern. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya campur kode adalah faktor penutur dan faktor peran. Selain itu faktor penyebab terjadinya alih kode adalah faktor penutur, lawan bicara, dan perubahan dari formal ke informal.The zhÅngjÃ­ hÃ nyÇ” tÄ«ng shuÅ xiÃ course is taught by Native Speaker Lecturers who can also speak Indonesian. This causes Lecturers and Students to often use Indonesian when lectures take place. This study aims to analyze the form of code mixing and code switching and to analyze the factors that cause code mixing and code switching for online learning in the zhÅngjÃ­ hÃ nyÇ” tÄ«ng shuÅ xiÃ course. In this study using a descriptive quantitative methodology, the subject of this study was a conversation between lecturers and students of the Chinese Language Education Study Program, class of 2018. The results of this study revealed that there were 12 code mixed data and 5 code switching data. The form of code mixing contained in this research is in the form of words, phrases, word repetition, and clauses. While the form of code switching is in the form of internal code switching and external code switching. Factors that cause code mixing are speaker factors and role factors. In addition, the factors that cause code switching are speakers, interlocutors, and changes from formal to informal.
Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with lenvatinib therapy
Authors: Contreras Angulo Macarena , García Izquierdo Belén , Armengod Grao Laura , Palacios García Nuria 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious condition whose early treatment is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. TMA with only renal involvement has been associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including lenvatinib, a drug used for certain advanced neoplasms. To date, TMA with systemic involvement associated with this drug has not been described. We present the case of a patient with progressive metastatic thyroid cancer who developed this complication after starting treatment with lenvatinib. We describe the signs and symptoms that led to the diagnosis and the treatment required for her recovery.

Learning points

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a group of disorders characterized by thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles due to an endothelial injury. Both, localized and systemic forms have been described.

TMA with systemic involvement is characterized by hemolytic anemia, low platelets, and organ damage.

Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling inhibitors have been associated with TMA, either restricted to the kidney or with systemic involvement.

Lenvatinib has been rarely associated with TMA. Although only forms with isolated or predominantly renal involvement had been described so far, a predominantly systemic form can occur.

Lenvatinib-induced systemic TMA must be distinguished from primary forms by measuring ADAMTS-13. Treatment includes discontinuation of the drug and supportive measures.

When anemia and thrombocytopenia coexist in a patient receiving treatment with lenvatinib, a peripheral blood smear to exclude TMA is recommended
Craving in gambling disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Mallorquí-Bagué Núria , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Testa Giulia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesCraving is one of the main criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5; however, it is not included in the main criteria for gambling disorder (GD). In the present systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available body of knowledge regarding gambling craving to help step forward to a consensus regarding this topic.Data sourcesPsycINFO/PsycARTICLES and PubMed/Medline were used.Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions(1) individuals of both genders who had a clinical diagnosis of GD in which the presence of gambling craving were studied by means of tasks or self-report tools; (2) we included three types of studies: (a) validation articles of craving psychometric tools in which GD was assessed; (b) articles in which craving–GD association was explored; and (c) treatment articles for GD in which craving was assessed.Resultsn = 63 studies were finally included in the systematic review. Some studies described an association between craving- and gambling-related factors, and craving was also described as a predictor of GD severity, gambling episodes, chasing persistence and income-generating offenses. Gambling craving also seems to be associated with emotional states and negative urgency. Finally, some studies implemented specific interventions for GD and assessed its impact on reducing gambling craving.ConclusionsThere is a growing body of knowledge on the relevant role of craving in gambling behavior and GD. Further studies are needed to reach a consensus on the diagnostic criterion for GD.
Alignment Patterns of Romanesque Churches Dedicated to the Virgin of the Assumption in Soria, Spain
Authors: Abril José M , Sánchez Velasco Jerónimo 
Published: February 2023

Previous studies have reported that in southern Spain some medieval churches are aligned to sunrise on the canonical equinox, independent of their dedication, and to sunrise on 15th August, for dedications to the Virgin of the Assumption. This paper aims to identify precedents of this tradition in the province of Soria (northeast Spain), where the campaign by Christians to recapture territory held by the Muslims was accomplished in the first third of the twelfth century. This Reconquista was followed by a repopulation process and the building of a large number of rural churches in the Romanesque Repopulation style until the middle of the thirteenth century, many of which are preserved. The paper studies a set of 73 parish churches dedicated to the Virgin of the Assumption in Soria, with a subsample of 44 ascribed to the Romanesque. Their azimuths were measured from georeferenced orthophotographs. The normalised sums of probability densities have been computed for azimuths and declinations, and subjected to quantitative statistical assessment by using the confidence envelope curve and total peak area methods. The results reveal that 50% of the churches in the Romanesque subsample have intended alignment patterns. About two thirds of these were aligned toward the “sol aequinoctialis”, which can be evoked by (1) true east (astronomical equinox), and (2) sunrise on 21st or 25th March in the Julian calendar, the dates of the ecclesiastical and canonical equinox, respectively. The remaining third were aligned towards sunrise on 15th August. Data allows discussion on the accuracy in the involved practical methods used for alignments and on some relevant questions on the origin and spread of this tradition.
Prácticas y políticas de ciencia abierta en universidades públicas. El caso de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Zanotti Agustín , Céspedes Lucía , Mauro Agustín 
Published: February 2023

Propósito: El artículo reporta los resultados de un estudio de caso incrustado sobre prácticas de Ciencia Abierta (CA) en la segunda universidad más grande de Argentina, la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC).
Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se realizó una encuesta exploratoria entre profesores e investigadores de la UNC. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a participantes de proyectos OS y áreas de gestión de la universidad. Los datos se complementaron con fuentes secundarias en línea.
Hallazgos: Las prácticas de CA en la UNC surgen tanto de iniciativas de arriba hacia abajo, como de abajo hacia arriba. Algunas áreas, como el acceso abierto (AA) o los datos abiertos, están establecidas por la ley federal argentina, que exige el AA verde a través de repositorios institucionales. La UNC también impulsa el AA diamante en un portal con más de 90 revistas. También registramos un archivo abierto de patrimonio, un portal REA y varias iniciativas de ciencia ciudadana de base. Otras dimensiones como el software y el hardware abiertos, y la infraestructura abierta, se desarrollan localmente de forma menos activa.
Originalidad/valor: Las universidades públicas son uno de los principales pilares de la producción de conocimiento en Argentina y América Latina en general. El caso de la UNC es de particular interés por haber fundado una de las primeras Oficinas de Conocimiento Abierto en la región, encargada de articular iniciativas de CA.
Implicaciones prácticas y sociales: Es esencial comprender cómo se llevan a cabo las iniciativas de OS y cómo se apoyan a nivel local. Todavía hay poca investigación sistemática al respecto. El estudio sensibiliza sobre prácticas de CA con el objetivo de recopilar experiencias, implementaciones e impactos, reconocer obstáculos y buenas prácticas.
Avoiding Negative Side Effects due to Incomplete Knowledge of AI Systems
Authors: Saisubramanian Sandhya , Zilberstein Shlomo , Kamar Ece 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAutonomous agents acting in the real‐world often operate based on models that ignore certain aspects of the environment. The incompleteness of any given model – handcrafted or machine acquired – is inevitable due to practical limitations of any modeling technique for complex real‐world settings. Due to the limited fidelity of its model, an agent's actions may have unexpected, undesirable consequences during execution. Learning to recognize and avoid such negative side effects (NSEs) of an agent's actions is critical to improve the safety and reliability of autonomous systems. Mitigating NSEs is an emerging research topic that is attracting increased attention due to the rapid growth in the deployment of AI systems and their broad societal impacts. This article provides a comprehensive overview of different forms of NSEs and the recent research efforts to address them. We identify key characteristics of NSEs, highlight the challenges in avoiding NSEs, and discuss recently developed approaches, contrasting their benefits and limitations. The article concludes with a discussion of open questions and suggestions for future research directions.
O MARKETING DIGITAL NAS PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL E VESTUÁRIO PORTUGUESA
Authors: Castanheira Romeu Carvalho , Vaz Joel Filipe , Cardoso Paulo José Ribeiro 
Published: February 2023

O marketing e a comunicação online permitem às empresas comunicar e interagir com os seus clientes de forma eficaz e direcionada. Neste contexto, o presente estudo pretende determinar como e de que forma as Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME’s) da Indústria Têxtil e Vestuário portuguesa, que operam no segmento B2B, usam as ferramentas de marketing digital. Pretende também “medir” a importância e eficácia atribuída pelas organizações a cada uma das ferramentas de marketing digital, os obstáculos que enfrentam na utilização destas ferramentas, os objetivos que pretendem atingir com a sua utilização, e que métricas utilizam para as avaliar.
Este estudo utilizou uma metodologia quantitativa: foi desenvolvido e aplicado um questionário a uma amostra de empresas portuguesas que operam no setor ITV (Indústrias de Têxtil e Vestuário). Os principais resultados apontam para uma utilização relativamente frequente das redes sociais, do Search Marketing e do Website. Globalmente as empresas reconhecem a eficácia da maioria das ferramentas utilizadas. Os principais obstáculos à implementação destas ferramentas estão relacionados com a falta de recursos humanos especializados e com a falta de investimento nestas áreas.
Avanços da aplicação de bactérias ácido-láticas com funções probióticas na produção de fermentados láticos: uma revisão
Authors: Lopes Daniel Saraiva , Bastos Paula Aparecida Martins Borges , Rebello Ligia Portugal Gomes 
Published: February 2023

Foods with functional claims have gained prominence due to the health benefits associated with their consumption. Most dairy products come from fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This group of microorganisms plays a major role in the fermentation of food products. There are several strains on the market, which are used in the manufacture of dairy products. In addition to sensory characterization, it is known that some strains of LAB have probiotic functions. In view of this, this study aimed to verify the main LAB genera used in the production of fermented dairy products and their probiotic functionality. From the bibliographic review in the present work, it was possible to highlight the contributions that the insertion of probiotic LAB in human food can add to health, as well as which species are already authorized by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) in the production of food and those that are in the authorization/evaluation process.