bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of eGFR for Detecting Associations Between Serum Protein Biomarkers and Subsequent GFR Decline
Authors: Enoksen Inger T. T. , Rinde Nikoline B. , Svistounov Dmitri , Norvik Jon V. , Solbu Marit D. , Eriksen Bjørn O. , Melsom Toralf 
Published: April 2023

Significance Statement
eGFR from creatinine, cystatin C, or both has been primarily used in search of biomarkers for GFR decline. Whether the relationships between biomarkers and eGFR decline are similar to associations with measured GFR (mGFR) decline has not been investigated. This study revealed that some biomarkers showed statistically significant different associations with eGFR decline compared with mGFR decline, particularly for eGFR from cystatin C. The findings indicate that non–GFR-related factors, such as age, sex, and body mass index, influence the relationship between biomarkers and eGFR decline. Therefore, the results of biomarker studies using eGFR, particularly eGFRcys, should be interpreted with caution and perhaps validated with mGFR.

Background
Several serum protein biomarkers have been proposed as risk factors for GFR decline using eGFR from creatinine or cystatin C. We investigated whether eGFR can be used as a surrogate end point for measured GFR (mGFR) when searching for biomarkers associated with GFR decline.

Methods
In the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey, GFR was measured with plasma iohexol clearance in 1627 individuals without diabetes, kidney, or cardiovascular disease at baseline. After 11 years of follow-up, 1409 participants had one or more follow-up GFR measurements. Using logistic regression and interval-censored Cox regression, we analyzed the association between baseline levels of 12 serum protein biomarkers with the risk of accelerated GFR decline and incident CKD for both mGFR and eGFR.

Results
Several biomarkers exhibited different associations with eGFR decline compared with their association with mGFR decline. More biomarkers showed different associations with eGFRcys decline than with eGFRcre decline. Most of the different associations of eGFR decline versus mGFR decline remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, but several were attenuated and not significant after adjusting for the corresponding baseline mGFR or eGFR.

Conclusions
In studies of some serum protein biomarkers, eGFR decline may not be an appropriate surrogate outcome for mGFR decline. Although the differences from mGFR decline are attenuated by adjustment for confounding factors in most cases, some persist. Therefore, proposed biomarkers from studies using eGFR should preferably be validated with mGFR.
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las muertes por dengue durante un brote en el norte del Perú
Authors: Luque Néstor , Cilloniz Catia , Pons María J. , Donaires Fernando , Albornoz Roger , Mendocilla-Risco Moisés , Espinoza Manuel 
Published: April 2023

Con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos por dengue durante el 2017 en Piura, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de revisión de 24 historias clínicas. El 67% de los casos fueron mujeres y tres (12,5%) estaban embarazadas. La diabetes (12,5%) y la hipertensión (16,7%) fueron las comorbilidades más frecuentes. Sólo en el 12,5% se reportó dengue previo.El tiempo transcurrido desde asistencia sanitaria hasta la muerte fue de 4,10 (DE: 5,34) días. Se hicieron transfusiones de glóbulos rojos en el 45,8% de los casos, plasma en el 25%, plaquetas en el 16,8% ycrioprecipitado en el 16,8%. También fueron frecuentes la terapia con ristaloides (91,7%) y el tratamiento con fármacos vasoactivos (70,8%). En conclusión, la mortalidad del dengue grave fue mayoritaria en las mujeres adultas y el tiempo de atención desde el primer establecimiento de salud hasta una unidad especializada fue prolongada.
Comparison between Hydroalcoholic (Ethanolic and Methanolic) of Broccoli Floret (Brassica Oleracea) Extract by GC-MS Method and its Antioxidant Effect by DPPH Method
Authors: Ahmadi Hadis , Raeeszadeh Mahdieh , Mohammadiazar Sirwan 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The amount of active ingredients in natural medicines depends on the method and solvent of the extractor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity of aqueous ethanolic and aqueous methanolic extracts of broccoli.
Methods: In this observational-analytical study, after preparing broccoli from farms of Lorestan City, Iran and approval of the herbarium center, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were obtained by maceration and vacuum concentrating. Then it was analyzed using a GC-MS device. Moreover, the total phenol, flavonoids, and anti-radical properties of the extracts were measured. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and independent t-test and regression coefficient. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered.
Results: The total phenol content of hydroalcoholic (ethanolic and methanolic) extracts was 41.52 ±5.40 and 33.03±0. 37 (mg GAE / g dw), respectively, but this difference was not significant (P <0.05). The total flavonoid content in aqueous methanolic and aqueous ethanolic extracts was 40.36 ± 1.93 and 28.79 ± 1.49 (mg Q/g dw), respectively, and this difference was significant (P <0.05). The result of inhibition of DPPH free radicals by broccoli extracts showed an increase, and in terms of effective concentration, a significant difference was seen between ethanolic and methanolic extracts (P<0.05). Moreover, the highest free radical scavenging activity was 92.1% in aqueous methanolic extract and 72.8% in aqueous ethanolic extract. The mean values ​​of the active chemical compounds of sulforaphane in GC-MS analysis of different extracts of broccoli were significant (P <0.01). The percentage of sulforaphane in the aqueous methanolic extract was 14.86 and in the aqueous ethanolic extract was 1.41.
Conclusion: According to the results, broccoli aqueous methanolic extract can be recommended in vivo for experimental studies with strong antioxidant potential.
Prognostic value of myocardial flow reserve in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Kopeva K. V. , Maltseva A. N. , Grakova E. V. , Mochula A. V. , Soldatenko M. V. , Kalyuzhin V. V. , Zavadovsky K. V. 
Published: April 2023

Aim. To study the prognostic value of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) parameters in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in risk stratification of HFpEF progression during a 12-month follow-up.Materials and methods. The study included 58 patients with non-obstructive CAD and HFpEF (LVEF 62 [58; 66]%). Dynamic CZT-SRECT was used to evaluate MFR and MBF at rest (rest-MBF) and stress (stress-MBF). NT-proBNP levels were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Diastolic dysfunction parameters were measured using 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular systolic global longitudinal strain (GLS) was assessed using 2D speckle tracking.Results. After a 12-month follow-up, the patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 11) included patients with an unfavorable course of HFpEF, group 2 (n = 47) encompassed patients with a favorable course of the disease. In group 1, the level of NT-proBNP was 3.8 times higher than in group 2 (284.5 [183.42; 716.73] and 1,071.4 [272.4; 2,168.1] pg / ml, respectively). MFR values in group 1 were lower by 45.4%(p < 0.001) than in group 2 (1.19 [0.86; 1.55] vs. 2.18 [1.7; 2.55], respectively). In group 1, rest-MBF levels were higher by 23.6% (p = 0.046) and stress-MBF was lower by 28.2% (p = 0.046) than in group 2. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that NT-proBNP levels (odds ratio (OR) 3.23; p = 0.008), GLS (OR 2.27; p = 0.012), and MFR (OR 8.09; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes in HFpEF. Based on the ROC analysis, MFR levels ≤ 1.62 (AUC = 0.827; p < 0.001), GLS ≤–18 (AUC = 0.756; p = 0.002), and NT-proBNP≥ 760.5 pg / ml (AUC = 0.708; p = 0.040) may be considered as markers of adverse outcomes. However, the combined determination of NT-proBNP and MFR had a greater significance (AUC 0.935; p < 0.001) in risk stratification compared with the monomarker model, while the addition of GLS did not increase the significance of the analysis.Conclusion. Levels of NT-proBNP, GLS, and MFR may be used as non-invasive markers of an adverse course of HFpEF in patients with non-obstructive CAD, while the combined determination of NT-proBNP and MBF increases the prognostic value of the analysis.
Axillary Artery Transection and Brachial Plexus Injury After Open Inferior Glenohumeral Dislocation
Authors: Huri Gazi , Aksoy Taha , Beydemir Ataberk , Yigit Yigit Aras , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: April 2023

Case:A judo athlete presented with an open inferior shoulder dislocation that occurred during competition. Examination revealed a transection of the axillary artery and neuropraxia of the posterior cord. Neuropraxia was resolved within 2 weeks. The axillary artery was repaired with a femoral vein graft. He regained full strength, range of motion, and function at 8 months.Conclusion:Inferior glenohumeral dislocations are rare, and their management can be complicated by vascular and neurological injuries. We emphasize the importance of examination, diagnosis, and treatment of neurovascular pathologies to avoid catastrophic outcomes.
Multiple scours and upward fining caused by hydraulic jumps: implications for the recognition of cyclic steps in the deepwater stratigraphic record
Authors: Ono Kenya , Naruse Hajime , Yao Qifeng , Cai Zhirong , Fukuda Sojiro , Yokokawa Miwa 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydraulic jumps control the bypass, erosion, and depositional processes of Froude-supercritical turbidity currents, so they represent a significant process for understanding the development of submarine geomorphology. Hydraulic jumps actively occur from submarine canyons to fans, where the seafloor slope is relatively steep. Turbidites in such areas comprise large-scale bedforms called cyclic steps, and they exhibit complex internal structures, including localized erosion and the accumulation of coarse-grained fining-upward sequences. However, it is unclear which turbidity-current properties are reflected in the heterogeneous depositional characteristics and grain-size sorting of these deposits. To this end, we conducted flume experiments to reproduce deposits associated with the hydraulic jumps of surge-type flows. Turbidity-current surges were repeatedly generated in an experimental flume with a knickpoint that transitioned from a steep to a gentle slope, resulting in cyclic steps. Overall, the upstream migration of the cyclic steps produced a downstream-upward-fining succession of turbidites. However, hydraulic jumps occurred at several places over the trough to the stoss side of the step in a single flow due to the non-uniform and unsteady flow state of the surge-type turbidite succession. As a result, the reproduced succession exhibited multiple local scours and coarse-grained fill in the lower parts of the turbidites. This suggests that multiple local scours and fining-upward trends are discriminant characteristics of cyclic-step deposits formed by surge-type supercritical turbidity currents.
Stochastic Estimation of Barrels of Oil Equivalent Conversion Factor for Natural Gas Volumes from Offshore Carbonate Fields in Ultradeep Waters
Authors: Silva L. C. , Roque J. V. , Oliveira G. , Souza R. G. , Paulino S. M. , Fonseca C. , Braga D. , Trujillo J. 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Oil and gas production is measured in different units; therefore, there is a need to use a conversion factor of natural gas (NG) to barrels of oil equivalent (BOE). The SPE unit conversion factor, which is based on a reference oil, is often used. However, BOE conversion factors vary as a function of the high heating value (HHV) calculated for a gas, which in turn, varies as a function of the NG composition. Herein, by using Monte Carlo simulations, HHV and produced volumes of NG measured over the years were used in estimating BOE conversion factors for two offshore carbonate fields in ultradeep waters. Then, the new BOE conversion factors were used to review the production data collected in 2021. By comparing the new production data with the data obtained by using the SPE unit conversion factor, it is seen that the proposed conversion factors are more suitable for the specific assets than the standardized conversion factors.
“Face” in Retrospective: The use of “thanks” and “to thank” in Old Saxon and Old High German
Authors: Concu Valentina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite being often criticized, the notion of “face” has recently begun to be applied in diachronic pragmatic investigations on directives, requests, apologies, and terms of address. The present study also uses the notion of face to investigate the use of Danke ‘thanks’, Dankbarkeit ‘thankfulness’, and danken ‘to thank’ in expressions of gratitude in Old Saxon and Old High German, laying the foundations to a better understanding of the speech act of thanking in the history of German. The data suggest that, although the manifestation of gratitude was common, the expressions containing Danke, Dankbarkeit, and danken could mostly be found when the addresser was in a lower social position than the addressee. The same situation was observed when these nouns and verbs were used with the meaning of “to reward” and “to praise.” These findings provide evidence to the claim that the effects of a speech act on the speaker’s or hearer’s face are mostly situational rather than being an intrinsic property. They also suggest that, in strictly hierarchical societies such as the Old Saxon and Old High German ones, addressers would threaten their own negative face only if they were in a lower social position than the addressees.
Integrated analysis of robust sex-biased gene signatures in human brain.
Authors: Wapeesittipan Pattama , Joshi Anagha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Sexual dimorphism is highly prominent in mammals with many physiological and behavioral differences between male and female form of the species. Accordingly, the fundamental social and cultural stratification factors for humans is sex. The sex differences are thought to emerge from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It distinguishes individuals most prominently on the reproductive traits, but also affects many of the other related traits and manifest in different disease susceptibilities and treatment responses across sexes. Sex differences in brain have raised a lot of controversy due to small and sometimes contradictory sex-specific effects. Many studies have been published to identify sex-biased genes in one or several brain regions but the assessment of the robustness of these studies is missing. We therefore collected huge amount of publicly available transcriptomic data to first estimate whether consistent sex differences exist and further explore their likely origin and functional significance.
Results and Conclusion: In order to systematically characterise sex specific differences across human brain regions, we collected transcription profiles for more than 16,000 samples from about fifty datasets across eleven brain regions. By systematic integration of the data from multiple studies, we identified robust transcription level differences in human brain across to identify male-biased and female-biased genes in each brain region. Firstly, both male and female-biased genes were highly conserved across primates and showed a high overlap with sex-biased genes in other species. Female-biased genes were enriched for neuron-associated processes while male-biased genes were enriched for membranes and nuclear structures. Male-biased genes were enriched on the Y chromosome while female-biased genes were enriched on the X chromosome, which included X chromosome inactivation escapees explaining the origins of some sex differences. Male-biased genes were enriched for mitotic processes while female-biased genes were enriched for synaptic membrane and lumen. Finally, sex-biased genes were enriched for drug-targets and more female-biased genes were affected by adverse drug reactions than male-biased genes. In summary, by building a comprehensive resource of sex differences across human brain regions at gene expression level, we explored their likely origin and functional significance. We have also developed a web resource to make the entire analysis available for the scientific community for further exploration, available at https://joshiapps.cbu.uib.no/SRB app/.
Influence of femoral anteversion angle and neck-shaft angle on muscle forces and joint loading during walking
Authors: Kainz Hans , Mindler Gabriel T. , Kranzl Andreas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Femoral deformities, e.g. increased or decreased femoral anteversion (AVA) and neck-shaft angle (NSA), can lead to pathological gait patterns, altered joint loads, and degenerative joint diseases. The mechanism how femoral geometry influences muscle forces and joint load during walking is still not fully understood. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive musculoskeletal modelling study to investigate the influence of femoral AVA and NSA on muscle forces and joint loads during walking. We created 25 musculoskeletal models with a variety of NSA and AVA. For each model we calculated moment arms, muscle forces, muscle moments, and joint loads based on motion capture data of a healthy person with a typical gait pattern. We found a significant increase in co-contraction of hip and knee joint spanning muscles in models with increasing AVA and NSA, which led to a substantial increase in hip and knee joint contact forces. Decreased AVA and NSA had a minor impact on muscle and joint contact forces. Neglecting an individual’s femoral geometry when estimating joint contact forces can lead to errors above five times body weight. Knowing the influence of femoral geometry on muscle forces and joint loads can help clinicians to improve treatment strategies in patients with femoral deformities.
Geobody Estimation by Bhattacharyya Method Utilizing Nonlinear Inverse Modeling of Magnetic Data in Baba-Ali Iron Deposit, NW Iran
Authors: Kianoush Pooria , Khah Nasser Keshavarz Faraj , Hosseini Seyed Aliakbar , Jamshidi Emad , Afzal Peyman , Ebrahimabadi Arash 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Geophysical investigations are one of the leading efforts in any exploration project that must be performed ahead of time due to the high excavation expenditures, heavy machinery, and cost reduction. One of the essential geophysical concerns is the estimation of the physical and geometrical parameters of the reserve (geobody), which is done by exploiting the nonlinear inverse modeling of magnetic data. These parameters include depth, volume, shape factor, and type of storage. The present investigation aims to prepare and model magnetic data for proposed drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit in the Hamedan province of Iran. The areal and depth extent of the iron ore geobody was unknown. The Bhattacharyya method by MATLAB software coding was used to minimize the target function and potential field data and create the best fit for the magnetic data. The residual anomaly and model graphs exhibited an excellent two-dimensional conformation in this modeling. Also, 3D modeling correctly reconstructs the properties of the productive resources of anomalies. After preparing full magnetic maps, the magnetic lenses distinguished in four anomalies of surface depths, 20, 50, and deeper than 50 meters for this zone. This magnetite lens for the first zone was estimated based on filters applied on the entire magnetic map so that the lens's depth is trivial and almost zero. Their specific gravity is calculated as 4.77 t/m3, and their initial storage capacity is suggested to be about 95,400 tones at most. Finally, to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified area, exploratory drilling is suggested for three points by inverse modeling.
Population-based prevalence and mutational landscape of von Willebrand disease using large-scale genetic databases
Authors: Peyvandi Flora , Seidizadeh Omid , Cairo Andrea , Baronciani Luciano , Valenti Luca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a common bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the von Willebrand factor gene (VWF). The true global prevalence of VWD has not been accurately established. We estimated the worldwide and within-population prevalence of inherited VWD by analyzing exome and genome data of 141,456 individuals gathered by the genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). We also extended our data deepening by mining the main databases containing VWF variants i.e., the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD) and the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) with the goal to explore the global mutational spectrum of VWD. A total of 4,313 VWF variants were identified in the gnomAD population, of which 505 were predicted to be pathogenic or already reported to be associated with VWD. Among the 282,912 alleles analyzed, 31,785 were affected by the aforementioned variants. The global prevalence of dominant VWD in 1000 individuals was established to be 74 for type 1, 3 for 2A, 3 for 2B and 6 for 2M. The global prevalences for recessive VWD forms (type 2N and type 3) were 0.03 and 3 in 1000 individuals, respectively. This comprehensive analysis provided a global mutational landscape of VWF by means of 927 already reported variants in the HGMD and LOVD datasets and 287 novel pathogenic variants identified in the gnomAD. Our results reveal that there is a considerably higher than expected prevalence of putative disease alleles and variants associated with VWD and suggest that a large number of VWD patients are undiagnosed.
Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimized CNN Architecture Search Applied to Real-Time Boat Detection in Aerial Images
Authors: Zerrouk Ilham , Moumen Younes , Khiati Wassim , Habchi Ali El , Berrich Jamal , Bouchentouf Toumi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When processing the detection of boats in aerial images by neural networks, we have always been concerned about the execution time of these networks in the equipment on board the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Throughout its mission, the UAV will capture images that must be processed in real time. For this purpose, a network optimized for execution time is essential. This article proposes an enhanced Network Architecture Search (NAS) method for searching for time-optimized detection networks, for a given dataset, using an evolutionary algorithm. The search uses mutations as a mechanism of evolution that affect the structure of the network and the hyper-parameters of its layers. Its original fitness function allows the choice of architectures that are not very greedy in terms of operations, specifically favouring small networks whose advantages are to be fast and quick to train, thus accelerating the search algorithm. Using this method, we were able to obtain detection networks with an improved mean Average Precision (mAP) compared to the initial network (parent) but with much fewer FLoating-point OPerations (Flops): 68% of operations reduction. This induces considerable gain in terms of execution time with 50 Frames Processed per Second (FPS) in an embedded environment on a drone.