bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diversity of Slavic Surnames in the Odesa Region in the 19th Century
Authors: Nasakina Svitlana 
Published: January 2023

Proper names have always played a significant role in the history of language and culture of any nation. Besides, research on personal names in different epochs and in local regions are important both for history and onomastics. Surnames could reflect the history of a nation almost in every country because they are passed on from one generation to the next. Surnames are particularly interesting for studying traditions and they are strictly connected to the social and historical background in the analyzed region. The study of surnames can also be of benefit to other areas of onomastics such as toponomastics and socio-onomastics.Although the topic of surnames has been exploited in many countries and languages for a long period, there are still some new aspects that can be presented on this topic. This research examines the surnames in the mass media in the Odesa Region. Historically, the Odesa region was multicultural that is why we came across with both Slavic and non-Slavic surnames but the object of this investigation is Slavic surnames. The analyzed mass-media texts are drawn from the 19th-century newspapers Odessa Vestnik and Odessa Advertisement Sheet. About 2,000 surnames were taken for the analysis from announcements and advertisements in these newspapers. The study of the surnames has concentrated on the names of all levels of the society. The purpose of the paper is to make the typology of the surnames and present the quantity of surnames in each group. Some historical events that impact the name-giving process are mentioned and social factors which influence the name-giving process are described.The study has revealed that 19th-century surnames were created from anthroponyms, toponyms, ethnonyms, and appellatives. The last group contains occupational surnames, surnames with the semantics of fauna and flora as well as surnames derived from other concrete or abstract nouns. An additional complicating factor was that it was not always easy to interpret and identify the origin of some surnames. The results of this paper indicated that analyzed surnames from the 19th century in this region are part of culture. The surnames derived from appellatives represent a significant part of the studied surnames (56%), among them there are occupational surnames (13%); surnames with the semantics of flora and fauna (23%) as well as surnames having other concrete or abstract meanings (20%). Personal names make up 29%, toponyms are of 11%, and the least frequent category is surnames derived from ethnonyms (4%).From the perspective of further research, it would be interesting to compare the received results with the typology of the modern surnames in the same region.
UPLC-MS/MS analysis of SZJ-1207 in mouse plasma and brain and application in pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Qi Dake , Sun Yingying , Hu Bingying , An Hai , Lin Haiyang , Fang Jinjun , Wei Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSZJ-1207 is an antidepressant natural product with a steroidal structure extracted from Stephanotis mucronata. It is a novel antidepressant candidate molecule and all its pharmacokinetic properties have not been reported. In this pharmacokinetic study in mice following oral administration, an accurate and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was established and evaluated to measure SZJ-1207 concentrations in mouse plasma and brain samples. The results provide information regarding the pharmacokinetics of SZJ-1207 as a potential antidepressant.
Adaptive immune system in severe COVID-19 patients in the first week of illness: A pilot study
Authors: Ersoy Dursun Fadime , Çağ Yasemin , İğneci Ender , Işık Gören Burcu , Arslan Ferhat , Akarsu Ayazoğlu Tülin , İşman Ferruh Kemal , Vahaboğlu Mustafa Haluk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe presentation of the course of COVID-19-related T-cell responses in the first week of the disease may be a more specific period for adaptive immune response assessment. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.MethodsThirty-three patients (14 females and 19 males) admitted for severe and desaturated COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by polymerase chain reaction were included. Lymphocyte subsets and CD4+/CD8+ and CD16+/CD56+ rates were measured using flow cytometry from peripheral blood at admission and on the day of death or hospital discharge.ResultsTwenty-eight patients survived and five died. On the day of admission, the CD4+ cell count was significantly higher and the saturation of O2 was significantly lower in the deceased patients compared to the survivors (P < 0.05). The CD16+/CD56+ rate was significantly lower on the day of death in the deceased patients than in discharge day for the survivors (P = 0.013).ConclusionCD4+ lymphocyte percentages and O2 saturation in samples taken on the day of admission to the hospital and CD16+/CD56+ ratios taken at the time of discharge from the hospital were found to be associated with the mortality in patients with severe COVID-19.
Learning alone together: Emergency-mode educational functions of international virtual exchange in times of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Erdei Luca Alexa , Rojek Marcin , Leek Joanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVirtual exchange practices have been developed at universities for several years; however, the academic importance of VE has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic (Garcés & O'Dowd, 2020; Oswal, Palmer & Koris, 2021). As a result of the restrictions concerning physical mobility, VE has become a ‘first aid kit’ (Reiffenrath, de Louw & Haug, 2020) to continue students' international cooperation. However, at present, there is little research about the nature of students' VE practices during the pandemic COVID-19, particularly in relation to the functions of VE. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of the special VE actions undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic and to map out the educational functions and their prevalence through focus group interviews involving students who study at five different universities in Europe.The article introduces the term ‘emergency-mode’ VE programmes that combine activities of traditional VEs with tailor-made solutions to accommodate the challenges posed by the pandemic. The analysis shows new directions of VE in terms of its educational functions, identifying 1) developmental, 2) social, 3) instrumental, 4) emancipatory, 5) self-reflectional, 6) motivational, as well as 7) occupational functions. The article also presents the prevalence of these functions in the specific learning environments created due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Developing a method for determining the time parameters of a mobile fire extinguisher operator
Authors: Abramov Yuriy , Basmanov Oleksii , Sobyna Vitaliy , Sokolov Dmitry , Rahimov Serhii 
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is the process of functioning of the "man-machine" system on the example of the operator of a mobile fire installation. One of the issue when building models of such systems is to determine the parameters a priori of a given model of the human operator – the delay time and a time constant.
For one of the promising means of fire extinguishing such as a mobile installation based on Segway, a method for determining the time parameters of the operator has been devised. A feature of the method is the use of approximation of partial derivatives from the phase-frequency characteristics of the operator in frequency, determined at two frequencies. This approach makes it possible to get rid of the need to use transcendental equations to determine time parameters and move on to an algebraic equation. To substantiate the values of frequencies at which partial derivatives are approximated, tolerance accuracy criteria are used. It is shown that working range of the operator of the mobile fire installation is in the infra-frequency region. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the phase-frequency characteristics of the operator numerically using an array of data on the transition function of the operator. An array of such data is formed using the Kotelnikov-Nyquist-Shannon theorem. A list of sequential procedures for the implementation of the method for determining the time parameters of the operator of a mobile fire installation is provided. The method for determining the time parameters of the operator of a mobile fire installation was verified by solving a test problem. It is shown that with permissible errors in the time parameters of the operator at the level of 5.0 %, the errors in their determining do not exceed 2.0 %.
The reported results can be used for determining the dynamic parameters of the model of the operator of the fire installation, provided that the tolerance criterion for accuracy is set.
Devising a technique for improving the biological value of A2 milk by adding carrot powder
Authors: Samilyk Maryna , Tsyrulyk Roman , Bolgova Natalia , Vechorka Victoriia , Ryzhkova Taisia , Severin Raisa , Lysenko Hanna , Heіda Irуna 
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the development of a technique to increase the biological value of milk and reduce the manifestations of allergic symptoms when it is consumed. The object of the study is a technique for enriching A2 milk. When digesting A2 milk, β-casomorphine-7 is not formed, which negatively affects the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems. It is recommended to use milk, to which biologically active substances are added, so the question of its enrichment is relevant. Under industrial conditions, artificial vitamin and mineral complexes are used to enrich milk. Given that natural and synthetic substances have different effects on the human body, it is proposed to use carrot processing derivatives (Daucus carota) as a natural enrichment additive. The use of carrot powders improves the amino acid spectrum of milk. The mass concentration of amino acids in A2 milk enriched with powder from carrot peels was 4.87 g/100 g. The highest concentration found was, g/100 g: glutamic acid (0.84), proline (0.50), aspartic acid (0.42), leucine (0.41), and valine (0.35). It was established that the use of 200 g of such milk provides the daily needs of the body in essential amino acids: threonine, leucine, and phenylalanine (by 16 %), methionine (by 4 %), isoleucine (by 14 %), lysine (by 18 %), valine (by 20 %). It was found that A2 milk enriched with powder from whole carrot roots has a higher content of carotenoids (0.1068 mg/100 ml), providing the body's need for them by 1.4 %. Such milk can be an additional source of vitamin A produced in the human body. It is recommended to use powder from whole carrot roots for the enrichment of A2 milk under industrial conditions.
Design of a shelf pneumatic classifier for separating a polydisperse mixture of granulated superphosphate
Authors: Yukhymenko Mykola , Ostroha Ruslan , Bocko Jozef 
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is a polydisperse mixture of granular superphosphate. It is emphasized that existing technologies of granulation and processing of granules lead to the formation of dusty fractions of small particles. The content of small fractions in the finished product should be minimal and, in connection with this problem, the task is to remove small particles from the mixture. The purpose of the current experimental study is to classify a polydisperse mixture of granular superphosphate in a pneumatic classifier. The device includes an inclined perforated shelf with an unloading space between its end and the wall of the apparatus. It has been experimentally revealed that the maximum efficiency of extraction into the entrainment of small particles is achieved with a width of the discharge space equal to 0.5 of the length of the cross-sectional side of the apparatus; the degree of perforation of the shelf is 5 %; the angle of inclination of the shelf is 25–30°; the speed of the gas flow in the free section of the apparatus is 3.7 m/s. It is shown that the degree of extraction into the entrainment of a small fraction less than 1 mm in size reaches 70–75 %, the content of the small fraction in the carry-over is 96–98 %, and the large fraction is less than 5 %. By processing experimental data, an empirical equation was built that makes it possible to determine the concentration of particles in the gas stream for individual fractions of the material. It is shown that due to the implementation of an active aerodynamic weighing mode, the shelf pneumatic classifier works at specific loads for air flow rate less than the typical designs of fluidized bed separators. It is noted that the effective operation of the shelf pneumatic classifier in the production of granular mineral fertilizers is ensured at a productivity of no more than 10–12 t/h. With greater productivity, there is a need to install several devices in the technological line
Application of persimmon syrup to increase the biological value and organoleptic indicators of bread
Authors: Bayramov Eldaniz , Akbarova Farida , Mustafayeva Kamala , Gurbanova Sevda , Babayeva Ulduz , Aslanova Mehriban , Nabiyev Ahad 
Published: January 2023

One of the factors hindering the widespread use of persimmon syrup in baking is the lack of knowledge of its functional properties for the production of a wide range of bread products due to its chemical composition. Based on this, a study of the method of obtaining persimmon syrup, quantitative changes in the nutritional content of the first-grade “Azamatli-95” wheat flour, persimmon syrup of the “Hyakume” variety, mixtures of wheat flour and persimmon syrup, bread with the addition of persimmon syrup was conducted. It was found that during the hot pre-treatment of persimmon, the pulp yield decreases to 25 %, and the juice yield increases to 67.7 %. The regularity of changes in water consumption for diluting the syrup and for kneading the dough, depending on the amount of syrup added to wheat flour, was revealed. With a 1 % increase in persimmon syrup, the consumption of water for diluting the syrup increases on average by 1.193, and the consumption of water per dough decreases by 1.3 on average. The regularity of the quantitative change of food substances during baking is revealed, which allows correcting their content in mixtures of wheat flour and persimmon syrup, and in bread with additives. It was found that the content of phenolic compounds in bread with the additive increases: in the control sample of bread it was 0.13 g/100 g, and in the samples of bread prepared according to options I, II and III it was 0.4, 0.51 and 0.64 g/100 g, respectively, which is 2.7 times more than in the A95WF-PS5, A95WF-PS10 and A95WF-PS15 mixtures from wheat flour and persimmon syrup. When adding up to 10 % persimmon syrup to the first-grade wheat flour, the organoleptic characteristics of the bread, except for the crumb color, improved. Increasing the amount of added persimmon syrup up to 15 % to wheat flour leads to the deterioration of all organoleptic indicators of bread with the additive. The obtained results give an opportunity to regulate the desired quality of bread and use persimmon syrup as a functional ingredient
Experimental substantiation of the application of plant extracts and enzymes to obtain safe raw materials for whole grain bread technology
Authors: Kurmanbayeva Indira , Nabiyeva Zhanar , Stoyanova Albena , Zheldybayeva Ainur , Tlevlessova Dinara 
Published: January 2023

Currently, ensuring the high quality and safety of food is the most important condition for a rational diet, maintaining health, mental and physical performance and supporting the body's defense systems. The modern environmental situation is one of the conditioning factors of the nutritional status of the population. It is known that more than 70 % of the total amount of pollutants entering the human body falls on food.
The purpose of this work is to improve the safety and quality of raw materials and grain products for whole-grain bread technology using enzyme preparations and extracts of plant origin during grain defrosting.
Reasonable effective doses of enzyme preparations have been determined. Cellolux was introduced at a dose of 0.03–0.08 % by weight of grain solids. To reduce the content of toxic elements in the grain, 0.05 % of the mass of grain solids was chosen, the optimal duration of defrosting is 6 and 12 hours, but depending on the efficiency of the time ‒ 6 hours. The grain was soaked at a temperature of 23 °C (room temperature).
Extracts of leaves and stems of rosehip, sea buckthorn and barberry were used as plant material. The use of these plant raw materials is explained by the fact that their leaves and bran extracts contain polyphenols with antioxidant, antimicrobial and carcinogenic properties. For disinfection and purification of grain from heavy metals, a content of 0.05 % of the grain weight was selected.
The effect of plant extracts on the microbiological contamination of grain during soaking and in preparation for the production of grain bread and preventing microbial spoilage of bakery products during storage has been studied. And extracts of rosehip leaves and sea buckthorn stalk have a pronounced antimicrobial effect against fungi of the genus Pénicillium. That will make it possible to exclude diseases of bread and improve its rheology
Suppression of corrosion on stainless steel 303 with automatic impressed current cathodic protection (a-ICCP) method in simulated seawater
Authors: Hamsir Hamsir , Sutresman Onny , Arsyad Hairul , Syahid Muhammad , Widyianto Agus 
Published: January 2023

One effective method to slow down metal corrosion rate is the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system. The ICCP system is suitable for coastal applications such as piping systems and offshore structures. In this application, metal surfaces tend to be exposed to seawater. Specific concentrations of seawater can accelerate the occurrence of corrosion of metals, even though they are stainless steel types. This study applied the automatic ICCP system to stainless steel 303. Stainless steel 303 will be immersed in simulated seawater at several concentrations of NaCl (27 ppt, 31 ppt, and 35 ppt). The specimens were immersed in NaCl solution for three weeks or about 504 hours at a constant temperature of 38 °C. After the sample has been soaked, quantitative and qualitative measurements were carried out. Quantitative measures include average weight loss, corrosion rate, and potential value. At the same time, the qualitative measurements include macroscopic, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Based on quantitative measures, it was found that the difference in average weight loss and corrosion rate for each NaCl concentration was not very significant. The difference of each parameter is less than 0.1 % and 0.22 %, respectively. The potential value quickly reaches a steady state at NaCl concentrations of 27 ppt and 31 ppt in less than 10 seconds. The results of the SEM test showed a change in the metal structure. The oxygen (O) content in the metal after the EDS test showed a decrease in this element up to 35 % at a NaCl concentration of 35 ppt. The decrease in oxygen (O) can slow down the corrosion rate in metals when exposed to seawater.
Software prototype development for non-centralized objects of wind flow amplification
Authors: Alina Gaukhar , Tashatov Nurlan , Tatkeyeva Galina , Bauyrzhanuly Madi , Kaibassova Dinara , Nurtay Margulan 
Published: January 2023

This research is devoted to the development of software to increase the efficiency of autonomous wind-generating substations using panel structures, which will allow the use of wind energy to generate electricity with minimal losses and for the life support of buildings and structures. In the course of the work, a software and hardware system with a functional diagram for experimental measurements was developed. The paper also describes the process of modeling wind generation, collecting and transmitting real-time data to a web server via the HTTPS protocol. Due to the intensive development of wind energy in Kazakhstan, there is a need to apply methods to improve the energy generation process. In particular, the use of hardware and software to monitor and make decisions on optimizing the power generation process will help solve the problem of limited economic and labor resources. The results of the experiments revealed that the automatic control of the shield structures allows specialists to increase the effectiveness of the energy generation process by 25 % and, thus, a non-linear relationship between the power of the generated energy, the speed and direction of wind has been revealed. It should also be noted that the results obtained in the course of this research make it possible to solve the problem of saving electricity in the cities of Kazakhstan, since so far there are only large-scale wind farms, which is not always available in simple urban conditions. Moreover, the software developed during the study will allow autonomous control and analysis of the behavior of the wind farm, taking into account various weather conditions. In the future, the methods of data analysis will be applied to the data obtained via the process of modeling.
A script for receiving and transmitting real-time data with wind speed and direction sensors has been developed
Determining dangerous chemicals on the surface of metallic historical artefacts
Authors: Vovk Yuliia , Merezhko Nina , Indutnyi Volodymyr , Pirkovich Kateryna , Lytvynenko Yurii 
Published: January 2023

The problem is to determine the threat of chemical damage to a person upon his contact with historical artifacts from metals. For this purpose, experimental studies of the process of accumulation of chemicals on the surface of historical metal products were carried out. The objects of this study were 3 samples of historical cold weapons selected from the museum fund, as well as samples from modern sheet steel.
The blades of museum objects were rubbed with a special ash-free swab, which was burned, and the chemical composition of the residue was determined. This makes it possible to obtain data on compounds from a significant surface area. A list of chemical elements that accumulate on the surface of metallic historical artifacts over time has been established. Theoretically, the possibility of the appearance on the surface of historical artifacts made of iron of such chemical elements as Mercury, Barium, Stibium, Phosphorus, Plumbum (Lead), Thallium, Chromium, Selenium, Cadmium has been theoretically proven. This can pose a threat to the health of museum workers and collectors who are in daily contact with such items.
The results of the experiment are provided with samples of modern steel, which, in order to accelerate the process of elimination of impurity elements, warmed up for 3 hours in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 700 °C. The surface of these samples was studied using an electron microscope, and local emission analysis of the chemical composition was carried out. The obtained results confirm the process of elimination of ions of individual chemical elements from the metal in the process of its heating. We can observe the release of Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Cu ions to the surface. Based on the results obtained, plots are built that describe the change in the chemical composition of the metal surface throughout the history of existence.
The use of the author's method of testing makes it possible to study the problem of safety of handling historical monuments in general. The results of the study are important for establishing the authenticity of metallic historical artifacts and assessing possible risks in contact with them.