bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thai Actors and Their Methods of Characterization
Authors: Praditthaen Thanyarat , Supasetsiri Prit , Patayanon Porawan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article discusses findings from interviews with 26 Thai actors on their methods of characterization. It was found that Thai actors have two concepts regarding their style and beliefs towards acting: (1) good acting naturally portrays normal characters in a realistic manner, (2) a major component of acting is ‘becoming the character.’ Participants reported needing a character’s actions to be logical, and therefore need to thoroughly analyze a character so they can completely transform into the character. Methods of characterization were found to be consistent with approaches in the works of Stanislavski. This is in part due from Pantoomkomol (1995)’s import of these ideas into Thai performing arts contexts. However, it was also found that participants’ methods were still flexible, and a view of characters as unique was prevalent. In sum, actors were found to focus on the characters rather than the methods as the best means to communicate with an audience.
Perforated Sigmoid Diverticulitis Within a Strangulated Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Chaconas Christen E. , Melmer Patrick D. , Pinnola Aaron D. 
Published: April 2023

We present a rare case of perforated diverticulitis within an inguinal hernia sac adjacent to a synthetic mesh from a prior incisional hernia. An 80-year-old-female presented to the ED with abdominal pain. Cross-sectional imaging was significant for a small bowel obstruction with a transition point in the right lower quadrant (RLQ). On physical exam, the patient had palpable bilateral inguinal hernias that were reducible; however, after 48 hours of nonoperative management she failed to progress. Repeat imaging was concerning for incarcerated bowel within the inguinal hernia sac. She was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy where the right inguinal hernia sac was found to contain sigmoid colon with diverticular perforation. A small bowel resection, right hemicolectomy and Hartmann’s procedure were performed. The previously placed synthetic mesh was not contaminated during this operation and was not removed. Her hospital course was otherwise unremarkable but prolonged by the patient’s deconditioned state.
What Aspects of School Climate Matter Most to Asian Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Well-Being? Evidence from the TALIS 2018
Authors: Nalipay Ma. Jenina N. 
Published: April 2023

Background/Context: The level of satisfaction and well-being teachers experience are important determinants of teaching effectiveness and their decision to stay in the profession. Although school climate is generally associated with teacher outcomes, identifying the aspects that matter most to teacher satisfaction and well-being could contribute to the formulation of more targeted policies. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus Of Study: The present study focused on the relatively underexplored samples of teachers from five selected Asian societies (Japan, South Korea, Shanghai, Singapore, and Taipei [total n = 30,386]) to identify the aspects of school climate that matter most to their job satisfaction and well-being. Research Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey 2018. Multilevel analyses were performed to find out which teacher- and school-level school climate indicators predict teachers’ job satisfaction and well-being in the five Asian societies. Conclusions/Recommendations: Disciplinary climate and participation among stakeholders were consistent predictors of both job satisfaction and workplace well-being and stress, whereas teacher–student relations consistently predicted job satisfaction across the societies. Teacher-level, compared to school-level, school climate indicators were better determinants of Asian teachers’ job satisfaction and well-being in all five societies. This suggests that greater attention should be given to proximal aspects of school climate and teachers’ perceptions about it. These findings can be considered when formulating policies in these contexts.
Did outside directors’ firm-specific accumulated knowledge benefit the firm’s stock performance during COVID-19?
Authors: Naidu Dharmendra , Ranjeeni Kumari 
Published: April 2023

We examine whether outside directors’ firm-specific accumulated knowledge in the forms of human and internal social capital benefitted the firm during COVID-19. Using a sample of 754 US firms during the COVID-19 collapse period, we find an inverted U-shaped relation between outside directors’ average board tenure and cumulative excess stock returns. Our result suggests that firms experienced optimal cumulative excess stock returns during COVID-19 when outside directors’ average board tenure is 10 years. We also find that the curvilinear relation is profound for outside directors with more internal social capital, suggesting that outside directors’ internal social capital plays a prominent role in enhancing board effectiveness during a crisis. Furthermore, we use several robustness checks to confirm the results. JEL Classification: D83, G30, G34, M41
Oxidative Stress Underpins Clinical, Social, and Genetic Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mewborn Emily , Stanfill Ansley 
Published: April 2023

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and is poorly predicted with current risk estimation tools. The biological mechanisms relating ASCVD risk factors to oxidative stress (OS) and how this accumulates ASCVD risk are misunderstood. Purpose: To develop a comprehensive conceptual model explaining how expanded clinical, social, and genetic ASCVD risk factors accumulate ASCVD risk through OS. Conclusions: OS (primarily from excess reactive oxygen species) and inflammation are present along the entire ASCVD pathophysiologic continuum. An expanded list of clinical and social ASCVD risk factors (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, inflammatory diseases, substance use, poor nutrition, psychosocial stress, air pollution, race, and genetic ancestry) influence ASCVD largely through increased OS. Many risk factors exert a positive feedback mechanism to increase OS. One genetic risk factor, haptoglobin (Hp) genotype, is associated with higher ASCVD risk in diabetes and hypothesized to do the same in those with insulin resistance due to the Hp 2-2 genotype increasing OS. Implications: Understanding the biological mechanisms of OS informs how these ASCVD risk factors relate to each other and compound ASCVD risk. Individualized ASCVD risk estimation should include a comprehensive, holistic perspective of risk factors to better address the clinical, social, and genetic influences of OS. Preventing and reducing OS is key to preventing ASCVD development or progression.
The impact of relapse definition and measures of durability on MS clinical trial outcomes
Authors: Satyanarayan Sammita , Cutter Gary , Krieger Stephen , Cofield Stacey , Wolinsky Jerry S , Lublin Fred 
Published: April 2023

Background: Definitions of trial measures are consequential to accurately capturing outcomes and cross-trial comparability, particularly for derivative measures. Objective: Using CombiRx, examine the impact of relapse definition on endpoints and evaluate the durability of progression measures in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: CombiRx relapse types were distinguished by the presence or timing of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) increase. Using the broadest definition of relapse, progression endpoints were assessed in patients without relapses on trial. Durability compared EDSS at study end and time of worsening. Results: Broadening relapse definition to the most inclusive definition increased annualized relapse rate (ARR) threefold in all arms and decreased progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), defined as 6-month confirmed disability worsening (6M CDW) without relapse, by 44%. Neither PIRA nor PIA (progression independent of any inflammatory activity) guaranteed durable worsening, with 43% and 40%, respectively, improving by end of study. Multivariate analysis showed two CDW events, not relapse, predicted durability among patients meeting 6M CDW. Conclusions: The stringency of relapse definition impacted absolute ARR and composite endpoints in RRMS. Despite the most generous relapse definition, 43% of patients meeting PIRA on trial did not have durable worsening suggesting that relapse definition and durability should be considered to avoid overestimating progression in RRMS trials.
Creative Genre Matters: Trendy Drama and the Rise of the East Asian Global Media Market
Authors: Peng Hsin-Pey 
Published: April 2023

The trendy drama, a new TV genre coined to signify contemporary trends, initially emerged in Japan in the 1980s and became popular with middle-class audiences across East Asia for portraying Western-like chic metropolitan lifestyles. This television genre typically consists of a 10 to 13 episode long miniseries with 60 to 90 minute episodes. Their narratives focus on love affairs between rich, attractive, hard-working elites as they question traditional Han Chinese values and consider whether women should be independent, allowed to work, have sex outside marriage, and divorce. While specifically Chinese, these values have influenced cultures across East Asia. While espousing liberal and feminist ideals, they roam from trendy stores, such as fashion clothing and cosmetic shops, to expensive restaurants, and back to their luxurious apartments. Quickly, these dramas became so associated with highlighting current global and local trends and countering tradition that they became known as “trendy dramas”. This genre quickly took off and soon thereafter, South Korea and Taiwan partnered together to create their own versions of trendy dramas that helped generate much of contemporary East Asian popular culture, including the rise of K-Pop. Based on Mittell’s claim that genres function as a means of framing mass audiences’ taste, here I explore the role of this TV genre in the context of globalization and local culture in East Asia and its effect upon reshaping social meanings during the 1980s and the early 2010s. In particular, the Taiwanese trendy dramas played a key role in elevating this genre within the Asian TV market. In this article, I argue that in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, the trendy drama became a way to debate Han cultural values and their role in the lives of liberal metropolitan Asians. In the process, this genre helped reshape the East Asian TV market along with popular culture around the globe. I will begin by describing the history of the trendy drama before focusing on how it debates traditional beliefs and considers the value and utility of feminism and individualism in contemporary urban Asia.
A comparison of five point-of-care ultrasound devices for use in ophthalmology and facial aesthetics
Authors: Park Kristen E , Mehta Preeya , Tran Charlene , Parikh Alomi O , Zhou Qifa , Zhang-Nunes Sandy 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound is becoming increasingly popular, and we sought to examine its role in evaluating ocular and periocular structures and facial vasculature. With the large number of point-of-care ultrasound devices available, it is difficult to determine which devices may be best suited for ophthalmic and facial aesthetic applications. This study compares five popular handheld point-of-care ultrasound devices to help guide clinicians in choosing the device best suited for their needs. Methods: We compared five point-of-care ultrasound devices: Butterfly IQ+ (Butterfly, Burlington, MA), L15 (Clarius Mobile Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), L20 (Clarius Mobile Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), Lumify (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and Vscan Air (GE, Boston, MA). Three ophthalmologists obtained the following views on three volunteers: eight arteries, four ocular and periocular structures and areas of filler injections. The image quality of each view was graded on a four-point Likert-type scale. In addition, graders filled out a survey. The data were analysed using analysis of variance tests with the significance level set to p < 0.05. Results: In terms of overall image quality, the L20 received the highest mean rating, followed by the L15, Vscan Air, Butterfly IQ+ and the Lumify ( p < 0.05). With further stratification for structure type, the L20 was ranked first for filler, artery and orbital imaging ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The L20 received the highest image quality rankings. While image quality is an important aspect of point-of-care ultrasound device selection, other factors such as cost, wireless capabilities, range of presets and battery life should also be considered.
Family planning interventions in Jordan: A scoping review
Authors: AlHamawi Rana , Khader Yousef , Al Nsour Mohannad , AlQutob Raeda , Badran Eman 
Published: April 2023

Background: Despite all efforts in Jordan to increase the demand and use of family planning services, many challenges have likely influenced fertility and contraceptive use outcomes. Improving accessibility and availability of family planning services and interventions to married women and their spouse is essential to improve pregnancy outcomes. Objectives: This study reviewed the gray and peer-reviewed literature published between January 2010 and June 2022 that described family planning interventions implemented in Jordan and highlighted the gaps identified in the literature. Eligibility criteria: For inclusion, primary studies that included information regarding family planning interventions implemented in Jordan were retained. Sources of evidence: PubMed database was searched between 2010 till June 2022, as well as bibliographies of the retrieved literature were screened for the relevant literature. Charting methods: Information extracted from the interventions included author, publication year, study design and purpose, intervention name, aim of the intervention, population descriptor and sample size of the intervention, and impact of the intervention. Results: A total of 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The studies described/assessed 10 different interventions including communication interventions, child preparation programs, evidence-based educational program, counseling interventions, pharmacist booklet on effective use of oral contraceptive pills and Village Health Center project. Five family planning interventions targeted women and five targeted health care providers. Three interventions targeted men, two targeted religious leaders, and two targeted community health committees. Many of the interventions suffered from a lack of a robust methodological framework. Conclusion: This scoping review showed that there is scarce information on the implementation of High Impact Practices in Family Planning in Jordan. The review identified a lack of robust evidence on the impact and effectiveness of family planning interventions on the access to and use of family planning services and methods. There is a need for developing, implementing, and evaluating family planning interventions that elicit a positive environment and encourage the use of family planning services.
Financial Literacy Confidence and Gambling Intensity among Informal Labor
Authors: Amonhaemanon Dalina 
Published: April 2023

This paper aimed to investigate whether financial literacy (knowledge and confidence) affects the level of gambling intensity among informal laborers in southern Thailand. Multistage sampling was applied, and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects face-to-face. There were in total 995 questionnaires used in the analysis that applied logistic regression. The results reveal that there was an inconsistency between what the subjects actually know and what they think they know. Their actual financial literacy was poor, while their financial literacy confidence was high. Females had higher financial literacy confidence than males. In addition, it was found that the higher the financial literacy confidence, the higher the gambling intensity. If the subject possessed good financial literacy, the gambling intensity was not increased. Thus, providing financial education could be one approach to reducing gambling intensity. Besides financial education, training with the purpose to achieve a healthy dose of financial literacy confidence is also no less crucial. JEL: G53; G59; G40
Preoperative Opioid Use Predicts Poorer Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Hindfoot Fusions
Authors: Newton William , Hoch Caroline , Chen Caroline , Scott Daniel J. , Gross Christopher E. 
Published: April 2023

Background This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative opioid use on outcomes of patients undergoing ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis, or total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 190 patients undergoing an ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis (n=122) or TAA (n=68) between December 2015 and September 2020 with a single fellowship-trained orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon at an academic medical center. Data collected included demographics, medical comorbidities, treatment history, complications and reoperation rates, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (eg, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score [FAOS]), and opioid use. Results Patients with preoperative opioid use were more likely to continue usage at 90 (r = 0.931, P < .001) and 180 (r = 0.940, P < .001) days postoperatively. For the entire cohort, complication and reoperation rates were 48.9% and 13.2%, respectively. While preoperative opioid use groups did not differ in the overall complication rate, users had significantly more infections (user = 12.5%, nonuser = 3.3%; P = .036) and reoperations (user = 22.5%, nonuser = 10.7%; P = .049). When analyzing postoperative opioid prescriptions, there were many significant correlations with preoperative PROMs, mainly FAOS, such that increased postoperative opioid use was associated with worse subjective outcomes. Conclusion Preoperative opioid users are more likely to continue postoperative opioid use, experience infections, and undergo reoperations. Level of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective cohort study
Lifetime risk, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime healthcare expenditures for psoriasis in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort followed from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Chiu Hsien-Yi , Lan Joung-Liang , Chiu Ying-Ming 
Published: April 2023

Background: Patients with psoriasis have a significant disease burden throughout the life course. Nevertheless, the lifetime risk and disease burden of psoriasis across the entire lifespan is rarely quantified in an easily understandable way. Objective: To estimate the cumulative incidence rate, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime healthcare expenditures for incident psoriasis. Design and methods: Using real-world nationwide data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan for 2000–2017, along with the life tables of vital statistics, we estimated cumulative incidence rate, life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime healthcare expenditures for those with psoriasis using a semi-parametric survival extrapolation method. Results: A total of 217,924 new psoriasis cases were identified. The lifetime risk of psoriasis in patients aged 18–80 for both sexes decreased in Taiwan with a cumulative incidence rate of 7.93% in 2000 to 3.25% in 2017. The mean (±standard error) life expectancy after diagnosis was 27.11 (± 1.15) and 27.14 (±1.17) years for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, respectively. Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had a mean (±standard error) loss-of-life expectancy of 6.41 (±1.16) and 6.48 (±1.17) due to psoriasis, respectively. Male patients have higher lifetime and annual lifetime healthcare expenditures than female. Mean life expectancy, loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime cost were relatively higher for younger patients. Conclusion: Among psoriatic patients, patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had substantial years of life lost, particularly for younger patients. Our results provide a reliable estimation of lifetime disease burden, and these estimates will help health authorities in cost-effectiveness assessments of public health interventions and allocation of services resources to minimize loss-of-life expectancy, and lifetime healthcare expenditures in patients with psoriasis.
‘Intensive palliative care’: a qualitative study of issues related to nurses’ care of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at end-of-life
Authors: Daneau Stéphanie , Bourbonnais Anne , Allard Émilie , Asri Myriam , Ummel Deborah , Bolduc Elliot 
Published: April 2023

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is currently an incurable and fatal disease, which often comes with a high symptom burden at the end-of-life stage. Little is known about nurses’ experiences in this context. Objective: To explore the experience of nurses caring for people with ALS at end-of-life. Design: A qualitative multiple-case study design. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between February and August 2022 with nurses from Quebec, Canada, who had provided care to at least one person living with ALS at the end-of-life in the past 12 months. The content analysis method was used for data analysis and within-case and cross-case analyses were conducted, as well as comparative analyses according to the type of position held by the participants that determined the cases: (1) home care, (2) hospital and (3) palliative care home. Results: Participating in the study were 24 nurses: 9 were from home care, 8 from hospitals and 7 from palliative care homes. Five main themes were identified: (1) identifying the end-of-life period, (2) communication issues, (3) supporting the need for control, (4) accompanying in the fight culture and (5) the extent of the need for care. A sixth theme was also added in order to report the need expressed by nurses to improve their care of patients living with ALS at end-of-life. Conclusions: Although nurses’ experiences varied among the different settings, the study identifies the pressing need for better education and, above all, more resources when caring for a person living with ALS at end-of-life. Future research should explore the experiences of other members of the healthcare team and test interventions designed to improve the quality of life and end-of-life of people living with ALS.