bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Convective Downdrafts From Updrafts and Environmental Conditions in a Global Storm Resolving Simulation
Authors: Windmiller J. M. , Bao J. , Sherwood S. C. , Schanzer T. D. , Fuchs D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne important component of precipitating convection is the formation of convective downdrafts. They can terminate the initial updraft, affect the mean properties of the boundary layer, and cause strong winds at the surface. While the basic forcing mechanisms for downdrafts are well understood, it is difficult to formulate general relationships between updrafts, environmental conditions, and downdrafts. To better understand what controls different downdraft properties, we analyze downdrafts over tropical oceans in a global storm resolving simulation. Using a global model allows us to examine a large number of downdrafts under naturally varying environmental conditions. We analyze the various factors affecting downdrafts using three alternative methods. First, hierarchical clustering is used to examine the correlation between different downdraft, updraft, and environmental variables. Then, either random forests or multiple linear regression are used to estimate the relationships between downdraft properties and the updraft and environmental predictors. We find that these approaches yield similar results. Around 75% of the variability in downdraft mass flux and 37% of the variability in downdraft velocity are predictable. Analyzing the relative importance of our various predictors, we find that downdrafts are coupled to updrafts via the precipitation generation argument. In particular, updraft properties determine rain amount and rate, which then largely control the downdraft mass flux and, albeit to a lesser extent, the downdraft velocity. Among the environmental variables considered, only lapse rate is a valuable predictor: a more unstable environment favors a higher downdraft mass flux and a higher downdraft velocity.
Topological Relationship‐Based Flow Direction Modeling: Mesh‐Independent River Networks Representation
Authors: Liao Chang , Zhou Tian , Xu Donghui , Cooper Matthew G. , Engwirda Darren , Li Hong‐Yi , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRiver networks are important features in surface hydrology. However, accurately representing river networks in spatially distributed hydrologic and Earth system models is often sensitive to the model's spatial resolution. Specifically, river networks are often misrepresented because of the mismatch between the model's spatial resolution and river network details, resulting in significant uncertainty in the projected flow direction. In this study, we developed a topological relationship‐based river network representation method for spatially distributed hydrologic models. This novel method uses (a) graph theory algorithms to simplify real‐world vector‐based river networks and assist in mesh generation; and (b) a topological relationship‐based method to reconstruct conceptual river networks. The main advantages of our method are that (a) it combines the strengths of vector‐based and DEM raster‐based river network extraction methods; and (b) it is mesh‐independent and can be applied to both structured and unstructured meshes. This method paves a path for advanced terrain analysis and hydrologic modeling across different scales.
Developing a design-based concept to improve hand hygiene in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Jansen Sophie J. , Müller Britt J. , Cramer Sophie J. E. , te Pas Arjan B. , Lopriore Enrico , Bekker Vincent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most critical measure in the prevention of nosocomial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Improving and sustaining adequate HH compliance rates, however, remains a significant challenge. Using a behavioral change framework and nudge theory, we developed a design-based concept aimed at facilitating and stimulating HH behavior.

Methods
Concept development was initiated by selecting a theoretical framework after which contextual field studies aimed at discovering causes for poor compliance were conducted. Potential solutions were brainstormed upon during focus group sessions. Low-fidelity prototypes were tested regarding feasibility, usability, and acceptability. A final concept was crafted drawing from findings from each design phase.

Results
Complying with recommended HH guidelines is unrealistic and infeasible due to frequent competing (clinical) priorities requiring HH. The concept “Island-based nursing,” where a patient room is divided into two geographical areas, namely, the island and general zone, was created. HH must be performed upon entering and exiting the island zone, and after exposure to any surface within the general zone. Reminding of HH is prompted by illuminated demarcation of the island zone, serving as the concept’s nudge.

Conclusions
Island zone demarcation facilitates and economizes HH indications in an innovative and intuitive manner.

Impact

Although hand hygiene (HH) is the single most important element in the prevention of nosocomial infections in neonates, improving and sustaining adequate HH compliance rates remains a significant challenge.

Complying with recommended HH guidelines was found to be unrealistic and infeasible due to the significant amount of time required for HH in a setting with a high workload and many competing (clinical) priorities.

The concept of “Island-based nursing,” under which the primary HH indication is upon entering and exiting the island zone, facilitates and economizes HH indications in an innovative and user-friendly manner.
Pulsed, continuous or somewhere in between? Resource dynamics matter in the optimisation of microbial communities
Authors: Letten Andrew D , Ludington William B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The optimisation of synthetic and natural microbial communities has vast potential for emerging applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. Realising this goal is contingent on a close correlation between theory, experiments, and the real world. Although the temporal pattern of resource supply can play a major role in microbial community assembly, resource dynamics are commonly treated inconsistently in theoretical and experimental research. Here we explore how the composition of communities varies under continuous resource supply, typical of theoretical approaches, versus pulsed resource supply, typical of experiments. Using simulations of classical resource competition models, we show that community composition diverges rapidly between the two regimes, with almost zero overlap in composition once the pulsing interval stretches beyond just four hours. The implication for the rapidly growing field of microbial community optimisation is that the resource supply regime must be tailored to the community being optimised. As such, we argue that resource supply dynamics should be considered both a constraint in the design of novel microbial communities and as a tuning mechanism for the optimisation of pre-existing communities like those found in the human gut.
Cyperotundone combined with adriamycin induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cancer cells by ROS generation and NRF2/ARE signaling pathway
Authors: Shao Wenna , Wang Xinzhao , Liu Zhaoyun , Song Xiang , Wang Fukai , Liu Xiaoyu , Yu Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBreast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer, globally. Adriamycin is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, however, cancer cells acquire resistance to it, which is one of the most common causes of treatment failure. ROS and NRF2 are essential oxidative stress factors that play a key role in the oxidative stress process and are associated with cancer. Our goal is to create novel therapeutic drugs or chemical sensitizers that will improve chemotherapy sensitivity. The optimal concentration and duration for MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells in ADR and CYT were determined using the CCK-8 assay. We found that ADR + CYT inhibited the activity of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells in breast cancer, as well as causing apoptosis in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells and blocking the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. ADR + CYT induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells through ROS generation and the P62/NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In breast cancer-bearing nude mice, ADR + CYT effectively suppressed tumor development in vivo. Overall, our findings showed that CYT in combination with ADR has potent anti-breast cancer cell activity both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting CYT as the main drug used to improve chemosensitivity.
Investigating problematic uses of Facebook and other Internet activities among university students in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sayeed Abu , Islam Md. Saiful , Christopher Enryka , Zubayer Abdullah Al , Kundu Satyajit , Tariq Mohammad Raihan , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Banna Md. Hasan Al , Rahman Md Hafizur , Khan Md Shafiqul Islam , Hasan M. Tasdik , Koly Kamrun Nahar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProblematic use of Internet (PUI) and problematic use of Facebook (PUF) has been linked to escalating behavioral health issues among university students and has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study estimated the prevalence of and explored associated factors for PUI and PUF among Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken among 1101 Bangladeshi university students between November and December 2020. The Internet Addiction Test and Facebook Addiction Scale were used to assess PIU and PUF, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders. Among the participants, PUI and PUF were found in 39.3% and 37.1%, respectively. The multiple linear regression model indicated PUI was significantly associated with participants residing in a village, arts majors, those unsatisfied with their major, having mediocre parental relationships, failure in romantic relationships, physical comorbidities, longer use of the Internet, using the Internet for purposes other than education, using social media, and downloading movies/TV series. PUF was significantly associated with village residence, lower income, arts majors, failure in romantic relationships, longer use of the Internet, using the Internet for purposes other than education, and downloading movies/TV series. Both PUI and PUF have been prevalent among Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal & exploratory studies are warranted in the future to identify causal factors for PUI and PUF and appropriate interventions should be designed quickly for this population.
Reliability of non-contact tongue diagnosis for Sjögren's syndrome using machine learning method
Authors: Noguchi Keigo , Saito Ichiro , Namiki Takao , Yoshimura Yuichiro , Nakaguchi Toshiya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth. The cause of SS is unknown, and its diverse symptoms make diagnosis difficult. The Saxon test, an intraoral examination, is used as the primary diagnostic method for SS, however, the risk of salivary infection is problematic. Therefore, we investigate the possibility of diagnosing SS by non-contact and imaging observation of the tongue surface. In this study, we obtained tongue photographs of 60 patients at the Tsurumi University School of Dentistry outpatient clinic to clarify the relationship between the features of the tongue and SS. We divided the tongue into four regions, and the color of each region was transformed into CIE1976L*a*b* space and statistically analyzed. To clarify experimentally the possibility of SS diagnosis using tongue color, we employed three machine-learning models: logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest. In addition, we constructed diagnostic prediction models based on the Bagging and Stacking methods combined with three machine-learning models for comparative evaluation. This analysis used dimensionality compression by principal component analysis to eliminate redundancy in tongue color information. We found a significant difference between the a* value of the rear part of the tongue and the b* value of the middle part of the tongue in SS and non-SS patients. In addition to the principal component scores of tongue color, the support vector machine was trained using age, and achieved high accuracy (71.3%) and specificity (78.1%). The results indicate that the prediction of SS diagnosis by tongue color reaches a level comparable to machine learning models trained using the Saxon test. This is the first study using machine learning to predict SS diagnosis by non-contact tongue observation. Our proposed method can potentially support early SS detection simply and conveniently, eliminating the risk of infection at diagnosis, and it should be validated and optimized in clinical practice.
Metabolomic analysis reveals key metabolites alleviating green spots under exogenous sucrose spraying in air-curing cigar tobacco leaves
Authors: Li Nanfen , Yu Jun , Yang Jinpeng , Wang Sheliang , Yu Lianying , Xu Fangsen , Yang Chunlei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCigar variety CX-010 tobacco leaves produce localized green spots during the air-curing period, and spraying exogenous sucrose effectively alleviates the occurrence of the green spots. To investigate the alleviation effect of exogenous sucrose spraying, the total water content and the number and size of green spots on tobacco leaves were investigated during the air-curing period under four treatments; CK (pure water), T1 (0.1 M sucrose), T2 (0.2 M sucrose) and T3 (0.4 M sucrose). The results showed that the total water content of tobacco leaves showed a trend of T3 < CK < T2 < T1 in the early air-curing stage, and the number and size of green spots showed a trend of T3 < T2 < T1 < CK. All sucrose treatments alleviated the green spot phenomenon, and T3 had the fewest green spots. Thus, the tobacco leaves of the T3 and CK treatments at two air-curing stages were used to perform metabolomics analysis with nontargeted liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry to determine the physiological mechanism. A total of 259 and 178 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) between T3- and CK-treated tobacco leaves were identified in the early air-curing and the end of air-curing stages, respectively. These DAMs mainly included lipid and lipid-like molecules, carbohydrates, and organic acids and their derivatives. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the T3 treatment significantly altered carbohydrate metabolism (pentose phosphate pathway, sucrose and starch metabolism and galactose metabolism) and amino acid metabolism (tyrosine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism) in air-curing tobacco leaves. Sucrose treatment alleviated green spots by altering DAMs that affected chlorophyll degradation, such as tyrosine and citric acid, to promote the normal degradation of chlorophyll.
Resolving the 21st century temperature trends of the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere with satellite observations
Authors: Ladstädter Florian , Steiner Andrea K. , Gleisner Hans 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHistorically, observational information about atmospheric temperature has been limited due to a lack of suitable measurements. Recent advances in satellite observations provide new insight into the fine structure of the free atmosphere, with the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere comprising essential components of the climate system. This is a prerequisite for understanding the complex processes of this part of the atmosphere, which is also known to have a large impact on surface climate. With unprecedented resolution, latest climate observations reveal a dramatic warming of the atmosphere. The tropical upper troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century. The tropospheric warming extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry in the temperature trend structure. Together with seasonal trend patterns in the stratosphere, this indicates a possible change in stratospheric circulation.
Exponentially index modulated nanophotonic resonator for high-performance sensing applications
Authors: Dash Diptimayee , Saini Jasmine , Goyal Amit Kumar , Massoud Yehia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, a novel photonic crystal resonator (PhCR) structure having an exponentially graded refractive index profile is proposed to regulate and alter the dispersion characteristics for the first time. The structure comprises silicon material, where porosity is deliberately introduced to modulate the refractive index profile locally. The structural parameters are optimized to have a resonant wavelength of 1550 nm. Further, the impact of various parameters like incidence angle, defect layer thickness, and analyte infiltration on device performance is evaluated. Finally, the sensing capability of the proposed structure is compared with the conventional step index-based devices. The proposed structure exhibits an average sensitivity of 54.16 nm/RIU and 500.12 nm/RIU for step index and exponentially graded index structures. This exhibits the generation of a lower energy resonating mode having 825% higher sensitivity than conventional resonator structures. Moreover, the graded index structures show a 45% higher field confinement than the conventional PhCR structure.
Reduction of amputations of frostbitten limbs by treatment using microwave rewarming
Authors: Dunaevskiy Grigory , Gavrilin Eugene , Pomytkin Alexander , Sorokin Roman , Kuznetsov Artem , Antipov Vladimir , Nechaev Aleksander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrug treatment of limb frostbite injuries is complicated due to the poor delivery of medications to affected tissues. External rewarming of the frostbitten area is risky and does not always result in positive outcomes because the dilatation of superficial vessels with constricted deep vessels can lead to irreversible damage, necrosis, and amputation. One of the techniques to restore perfusion of deep vessels in an affected extremity is rewarming with low-power microwave radiation in a specially designed metal chamber. Below are findings following treatment of 14 volunteers with this technique in 2 Tomsk hospitals during winters of 2018–2021. It is demonstrated that timely, i.e. in the early reactive period, application of microwave radiation and appropriate supportive drug treatment results in positive amputation-free outcomes. The key requirement is prompt thermal insulation of the trauma and no prior exposure to external heat sources.
Parental Reports on the Auditory Performance of Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Hearing Loss via the Hebrew Adaptation of the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Scale
Authors: Ben-Itzhak Drorit , Adi-Bensaid Limor 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to adapt the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) scale into Hebrew, to explore the auditory performance of children with normal hearing (NH) or hearing loss (HL), to examine changes with age, and to investigate the effect of descriptive variables on the performance of children with HL.

Method:
The PEACH scale was adapted into Hebrew using the “back-translation” method. The study included 260 parents of children with NH and 32 parents of children with HL. Children were between 9 and 72 months old. Inclusion criteria for children with HL are as follows: bilateral, congenital, or moderate–severe to profound sensorineural HL using bilateral sensory devices. Parents evaluated their child's auditory performance in real-life situations using the PEACH scale.

Results:

A Cronbach's alpha analysis (
N
= 292) scored medium-to-high values: α = .86, α = .74, and α = .78 for the entire scale and in quiet and noisy situations, respectively. Noise affected the auditory performance of both groups, with the effect being more pronounced than the hearing status, although it was more prominent in children with HL. The auditory performance of children with NH improved rapidly up to 18 months of age and then progressed more gradually to reach a plateau of 85% at 36 months of age. Chronological age contributed to auditory performance over the entire scale and in quiet situations for children with NH, whereas maternal education contributed to auditory performance in quiet situations for children with HL.

Conclusion:
The Hebrew version of the PEACH scale provides a useful tool for evaluating the auditory performance of young children, although it is influenced by cultural differences beyond 36 months of age.
SOLIS
Authors: Lattanzi V. , Alves F. O. , Padovani M. , Fontani F. , Caselli P. , Ceccarelli C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Favre C. , Neri R. , Chahine L. , Vastel C. , Evans L. 
Published: January 2023

Context. The study of the early phases of star and planet formation is important to understand the physical and chemical history of stellar systems such as our own. In particular, protostars born in rich clusters are prototypes of the young Solar System.
Aims. In the framework of the Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS) large observational project, the aim of the present work is to investigate the origin of the previously inferred high flux of energetic particles in the protocluster FIR4 of the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 (OMC-2), which appears asymmetric within the protocluster itself.
Methods. Interferometric observations carried out with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer were used to map the silicon monoxide (SiO) emission around the FIR4 protocluster. Complementary archival data from the ALMA interferometer were also employed to help constrain excitation conditions. A physical-chemical model was implemented to characterise the particle acceleration along the protostellar jet candidate, along with a non-LTE analysis of the SiO emission along the jet.
Results. The emission morphology of the SiO rotational transitions hints for the first time at the presence of a collimated jet originating very close to the brightest protostar in the cluster, HOPS-108.
Conclusions. The NOEMA observations unveiled a possible jet in the OMC-2 FIR4 protocluster propagating towards a previously measured enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate. This suggests that energetic particle acceleration by the jet shock close to the protostar might be at the origin of the enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate, as confirmed by modelling the protostellar jet.
Copingstrategien und Stimme – Einfluss von Stressbewältigungsstrategien auf stimmliche Missempfindungen und die stimmbezogene Lebensqualität bei Patient*innen mit Dysphonien
Authors: Collasius Valerie , Krämer Judith , Müller Christin , Schäfer Axel , Wittmar Silke , Beushausen Ulla 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungStrategien zur Stressbewältigung (Coping) sind für die Rehabilitation von Stimmpatient*innen von großer Bedeutung. Es fehlen jedoch aktuelle Evidenzen, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Copingstrategien und Dysphonien ausreichend belegen. Mithilfe einer Online-Befragung wurden erwachsene Stimmpatient*innen zum Grad der stimmlichen Missempfindung mittels der deutschen Fassung der Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTD), der stimmbezogenen Lebensqualität mit dem Voice-Related Quality of Life-Fragebogen (VRQOL) und ihrem Umgang mit Stresssituationen im Coping-Inventar zum Umgang mit Stress-Situationen (CISS) befragt.Es lagen 72 gültige Fragebögen vor. Signifikante Korrelationen bestanden zwischen Aussagen, die mit maladaptivem Coping assoziiert sind und Werten der VTD bzw. des VRQOL. In Regressionsanalysen konnten maladaptive Copingstrategien als Prädiktor für den Grad der stimmlichen Missempfindung identifiziert werden. In der Stimmtherapie sollte zukünftig berücksichtigt werden, welche Rolle maladaptives Coping im individuellen Fall spielt.