bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independence Relations in Abstract Elementary Categories
Authors: Kamsma Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, we can classify mathematical structures based on their logical complexity. This yields the so-called stability hierarchy. Independence relations play an important role in this stability hierarchy. An independence relation tells us which subsets of a structure contain information about each other, for example, linear independence in vector spaces yields such a relation.Some important classes in the stability hierarchy are stable, simple, and NSOP
$_1$
, each being contained in the next. For each of these classes there exists a so-called Kim-Pillay style theorem. Such a theorem describes the interaction between independence relations and the stability hierarchy. For example, simplicity is equivalent to admitting a certain independence relation, which must then be unique.All of the above classically takes place in full first-order logic. Parts of it have already been generalised to other frameworks, such as continuous logic, positive logic, and even a very general category-theoretic framework. In this thesis we continue this work.We introduce the framework of AECats, which are a specific kind of accessible category. We prove that there can be at most one stable, simple, or NSOP
$_1$
-like independence relation in an AECat. We thus recover (part of) the original stability hierarchy. For this we introduce the notions of long dividing, isi-dividing, and long Kim-dividing, which are based on the classical notions of dividing and Kim-dividing but are such that they work well without compactness.Switching frameworks, we generalise Kim-dividing in NSOP
$_1$
theories to positive logic. We prove that Kim-dividing over existentially closed models has all the nice properties that it is known to have in full first-order logic. We also provide a full Kim-Pillay style theorem: a positive theory is NSOP
$_1$
if and only if there is a nice enough independence relation, which then must be given by Kim-dividing.Abstract prepared by Mark Kamsma.E-mail:mark@markkamsma.nl.URL:https://markkamsma.nl/phd-thesis.
Boolean-Valued Models and Their Applications
Authors: Wu Xinhe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoolean-valued models generalize classical two-valued models by allowing arbitrary complete Boolean algebras as value ranges. The goal of my dissertation is to study Boolean-valued models and explore their philosophical and mathematical applications.In Chapter 1, I build a robust theory of first-order Boolean-valued models that parallels the existing theory of two-valued models. I develop essential model-theoretic notions like “Boolean-valuation,” “diagram,” and “elementary diagram,” and prove a series of theorems on Boolean-valued models, including the (strengthened) Soundness and Completeness Theorem, the Löwenheim–Skolem Theorems, the Elementary Chain Theorem, and many more.Chapter 2 gives an example of a philosophical application of Boolean-valued models. I apply Boolean-valued models to the language of mereology to model indeterminacy in the parthood relation. I argue that Boolean-valued semantics is the best degree-theoretic semantics for the language of mereology. In particular, it trumps the well-known alternative—fuzzy-valued semantics. I also show that, contrary to what many have argued, indeterminacy in parthood entails neither indeterminacy in existence nor indeterminacy in identity, though being compatible with both.Chapter 3 (joint work with Bokai Yao) gives an example of a mathematical application of Boolean-valued models. Scott and Solovay famously used Boolean-valued models on set theory to obtain relative consistency results. In Chapter 3, I investigate two ways of extending the Scott–Solovay construction to set theory with urelements. I argue that the standard way of extending the construction faces a serious problem, and offer a new way that is free from the problem.Abstract prepared by Xinhe Wu.E-mail: xinhewu@mit.edu
DL4DS—Deep learning for empirical downscaling
Authors: Gomez Gonzalez Carlos Alberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A common task in Earth Sciences is to infer climate information at local and regional scales from global climate models. Dynamical downscaling requires running expensive numerical models at high resolution, which can be prohibitive due to long model runtimes. On the other hand, statistical downscaling techniques present an alternative approach for learning links between the large- and local-scale climate in a more efficient way. A large number of deep neural network-based approaches for statistical downscaling have been proposed in recent years, mostly based on convolutional architectures developed for computer vision and super-resolution tasks. This paper presents deep learning for empirical downscaling (DL4DS), a python library that implements a wide variety of state-of-the-art and novel algorithms for downscaling gridded Earth Science data with deep neural networks. DL4DS has been designed with the goal of providing a general framework for training convolutional neural networks with configurable architectures and learning strategies to facilitate the conduction of comparative and ablation studies in a robust way. We showcase the capabilities of DL4DS on air quality Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) data over the western Mediterranean area. The DL4DS library can be found in this repository: https://github.com/carlos-gg/dl4ds
NEW HUMAN BONE RADIOCARBON DATES FROM THE ROMAN PERIOD–MIGRATION PERIOD LITHUANIAN CEMETERIES
Authors: Kurila Laurynas , Piličiauskienė Giedrė , Simčenka Edvardas , Miliauskienė Žydrūnė , Ežerinskis Žilvinas , Šapolaitė Justina , Garbaras Andrius 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTA set (n = 37) of new human bone radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) dates from 11 Lithuanian Late Roman Period–Migration Period cemeteries is presented and discussed in the light of the established schemes of archaeological chronology. The focus of the paper is on the burials of the military and social elite, which indicate the emergence of new cultural traditions in E–S and W–Central Lithuania or the immigration that took place during this time. The 14C dates allow us to suggest corrections to the dominant chronological pattern of cultural development in the region.
Associations between dietary variety, portion size and body weight: prospective evidence from UK Biobank participants
Authors: Embling Rochelle , Price Menna J. , Lee Michelle D. , Jones Alex , Wilkinson Laura L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract‘Dietary variety’ has been identified as a factor associated with food intake. Whilst this relationship may have longer-term benefits for body weight management when eating low-energy, nutrient-dense foods, it may increase the risk of overconsumption (and body adiposity) when foods are high energy density. This study sought to further explore pathways underpinning the relationship between dietary variety and body weight, by considering energy density as a moderating factor and portion size as a mediating factor in this relationship. Using prospective data from the UK Biobank, dietary variety scores (DVS), cumulative portion size and energy density were derived from 24-h dietary recall questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. BMI, whole-body fat percentage and fat-free mass were included as outcomes. Contrary to predictions, linear multiple regression models found some evidence of a negative, direct association between DVS and body weight outcomes at baseline (b= –0·13). Though dietary variety was significantly associated with larger portions across time points (b= 41·86–82·64), a moderated mediation effect was not supported at baseline or follow-up (Index ≤ 0·035). Taken together, these findings provide population-level evidence to support a positive association between variety and food intake, which in turn has potential implications for body weight management, both in terms of moderating food intake and benefitting diet quality.
Sb–Au-bearing chalcedonies in hot geothermal systems: insights from the jasperoids of Poggio Peloso (southern Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Gliozzo Elisabetta , Brogi Andrea , Ruggieri Giovanni , Langone Antonio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetailed characterization was performed on the chalcedonies from the jasperoids of the Pietratonda–Poggio Peloso Sb–Au deposit (southern Tuscany, Italy). The main purpose was to retrieve information on the geothermal fluids that formed the chalcedonies and the source of antimony concentrations. Investigations were performed using optical microscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction on both the chalcedonies and the lithotypes cropping out in the area. The results obtained allow the chalcedonies of Pietratonda–Poggio Peloso to be described as aunicum, based on the very high contents of Sb that do not find a comparison in the literature. The textures showed multiple generations of silica that agree well with an environment characterized by multiple injections of mineralizing solutions, bearing variable physicochemical characteristics. The transport likely took place in an alkaline environment, while the acidification of the water may have favoured the precipitation at varying temperatures but not higher than 225 °C. The rocks from which the constituents may have been leached are the hosting carbonates and the surrounding metamorphic rocks. Among the examined rocks, the metamorphic rocks showed the most numerous and significant correspondences with the chalcedonies and were the only ones in which discrete amounts of gold contents were found.
The Bryson synthesis: The forging of climate change narratives during the World Food Crisis
Authors: Naylor Robert L. 
Published: January 2023

ArgumentDuring the first half of the 1970s, climate research gained a new significance and began to be perceived within political and academic circles as being worthy of public support. Conventional explanations for this increased status include a series of climate anomalies that generated awareness and heightened concern over the potentially devastating effects of climate change. Controversial climatologist Reid Bryson was one of the first to publicly promote what he saw as a definitive link between these climate anomalies and unidirectional climate change in the fall of 1973, and rising food prices in the same year gave him a platform on which to air his views to receptive senior members of the US Congress. Bryson’s testimony before a US Senate subcommittee offers a unique glimpse into how he was able to successfully resonate his agenda with that of senior politicians in a time of crisis, as well as the immediate responses of those senior US politicians upon first hearing climate change arguments. Bryson was one of the most prominent US climatologists to break a taboo against making bold climatological predictions and de-facto policy recommendations in public. As a result, although Bryson was criticized by many in the climatological community, his actions instigated the involvement of other scientists in the public arena, leading to an important elevation in US public climate discourse.
National trends and disparities in retail food environments in the USA between 1990 and 2014
Authors: Hirsch Jana A , Zhao Yuzhe , Melly Steven , Moore Kari A , Berger Nicolas , Quinn James , Rundle Andrew , Lovasi Gina S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:To describe national disparities in retail food environments by neighbourhood composition (race/ethnicity and socio-economic status) across time and space.Design:We examined built food environments (retail outlets) between 1990 and 2014 for census tracts in the contiguous USA (n71 547). We measured retail food environment as counts of all food stores, all unhealthy food sources (including fast food, convenience stores, bakeries and ice cream) and healthy food stores (including supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets) from National Establishment Time Series business data. Changes in food environment were mapped to display spatial patterns. Multi-level Poisson models, clustered by tract, estimated time trends in counts of food stores with a land area offset and independent variables population density, racial composition (categorised as predominantly one race/ethnicity (>60 %) or mixed), and inflation-adjusted income tertile.Setting:The contiguous USA between 1990 and 2014.Participants:All census tracts (n71 547).Results:All food stores and unhealthy food sources increased, while the subcategory healthy food remained relatively stable. In models adjusting for population density, predominantly non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian and mixed tracts had significantly more destinations of all food categories than predominantly non-Hispanic White tracts. This disparity increased over time, predominantly driven by larger increases in unhealthy food sources for tracts which were not predominantly non-Hispanic White. Income and food store access were inversely related, although disparities narrowed over time.Conclusions:Our findings illustrate a national food landscape with both persistent and shifting spatial patterns in the availability of establishments across neighbourhoods with different racial/ethnic and socio-economic compositions.
Political and Social Discussion Network Survey Items Are Not Interchangeable
Authors: Reilly Jack Lyons , Belk Jack K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExperimentalists and survey researchers regularly measure the makeup and size of respondent personal discussion networks to learn about the social context in which citizens make political choices. When measuring these personal networks, some scholars use question prompts that specifically ask respondents about whom they discuss “politics” with, while others use more general prompts that ask respondents about whom they discuss “important matters” with. Prior research suggests that “political” discussion network prompts create self-reported networks that are substantively similar to “important matters” prompts. We conduct a nationally representative survey experiment to re-evaluate this question. Our results suggest that, although the size of networks generated by the two questions may be similar on average, the two questions generate different response distributions overall. In particular, respondents interested in politics report larger political discussion networks than general discussion networks, and respondents uninterested in politics report smaller political discussion networks than general discussion networks.
Früherkennung seelischer Belastung in der onkologischen Versorgungspraxis
Authors: Labouvie Hildegard , Dietz Thilo , Schiewer Vera , Kusch Michael 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die Distress-Skala (DS) bildet ein Single-Item-Instrument in Form einer zehnstufigen Likertskala in 2 Varianten zur Identifikation psychosozialer Belastungen zum Krankheitsbeginn (Screening-Variante) sowie im Krankheitsverlauf (Verlaufsvariante). Die DS wurde an einer Stichprobe onkologisch erkrankter Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer Größe von N = 661 nahe am Diagnosezeitpunkt validiert. Bei N = 92 der Stichprobe lagen insgesamt 3 Erhebungszeitpunkte vor, anhand dessen die Validierung der Verlaufsvariante erfolgte. Unter Verwendung des HADS-Gesamtsummenscore-Schwellenwerts > 14 als externes Kriterium wurde für die Screening-Variante der DS ein Schwellenwert > 7 mit einer Sensitivität von 81 % bzw. 78 % und einer Spezifität von 71 % bzw. 75 % ermittelt. Die Verlaufsvariante der DS erzielte bei einem Schwellenwert von > 5 eine Sensitivität zu T2 von 77 % und zu T3 von 70 % und eine Spezifität zu T2 von 67 % und zu T3 von 78 %. Die Ergebnisse weisen eine gute Diskriminierungsfähigkeit auf und empfehlen den Einsatz der DS zu Beginn der Krebserkrankung bzw. im Krankheitsverlauf.
Intratumoral microbiota: roles in cancer initiation, development and therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Yang Li , Li Aitian , Wang Ying , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases. Intratumoral microbial components are found in multiple tumor tissues and are closely correlated with cancer initiation and development and therapy efficacy. The intratumoral microbiota may contribute to promotion of the initiation and progression of cancers by DNA mutations, activating carcinogenic pathways, promoting chronic inflammation, complement system, and initiating metastasis. Moreover, the intratumoral microbiota may not only enhance antitumor immunity via mechanisms including STING signaling activation, T and NK cell activation, TLS production, and intratumoral microbiota-derived antigen presenting, but also decrease antitumor immune responses and promote cancer progression through pathways including upregulation of ROS, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment, T cell inactivation, and immunosuppression. The effect of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity is dependent on microbiota composition, crosstalk between microbiota and the cancer, and status of cancers. The intratumoral microbiota may regulate cancer cell physiology and the immune response by different signaling pathways, including ROS, β-catenin, TLR, ERK, NF-κB, and STING, among others. These viewpoints may help identify the microbiota as diagnosis or prognosis evaluation of cancers, and as new therapeutic strategy and potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Technology used in activity based therapy for individuals living with spinal cord injury across Canada
Authors: Gauthier Cindy , Walden Kristen , Jervis-Rademeyer Hope , Musselman Kristin E. , Kaiser Anita , Wolfe Dalton L. , Noonan Vanessa K. , Donkers Sarah J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Study design
Cross-sectional equipment inventory.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to describe the equipment used in activity-based therapy (ABT) programs for individuals with spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D) across Canada.

Settings
Publicly funded and private SCI/D care settings.

Methods
A survey on equipment available for ABT for different therapeutic goals was answered by Canadian sites providing SCI/D rehabilitation. Information about the setting and type of client were also collected. The survey results were compiled into an inventory of the reported types and use of ABT related equipment, with equipment grouped into varying levels of technology. Descriptive statistics and qualitative descriptive analysis were used to answer the questions: (1) ‘who’ used the equipment, (2) ‘what’ types of equipment are used, (3) ‘why’ (i.e., for which therapeutic goals), and (4) ‘how’ it is used.

Results
Twenty-two sites from eight Canadian provinces completed the survey. Reported equipment was classified into 5 categories (from low to high-tech). Most equipment reported was used to train balance. The high-tech equipment reported as available, was mostly used for walking training and strengthening of the lower limbs. Low-tech equipment was reported as being used most frequently, while high-tech devices, although available, were reported as infrequently or rarely used.

Conclusions
A large spectrum of equipment with varying levels of technology were reported as available, but were inconsistently used to provide ABT interventions across sites. In order to increase the clinical use of available equipment for ABT, education tools such as protocols regarding ABT principles and implementation are needed.
Simultaneous blockade of VEGF-B and IL-17A ameliorated diabetic kidney disease by reducing ectopic lipid deposition and alleviating inflammation response
Authors: Cao Zhonglian , Zhao Hui , Fan Jiajun , Shen Yilan , Han Lei , Jing Guangjun , Zeng Xian , Jin Xin , Zhu Zeguo , Bian Qi , Nan Yanyang , Hu Xiaozhi , Mei Xiaobin , Ju Dianwen , Yang Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is complicated. Current clinical treatments fail to achieve satisfactory efficacy in the prevention of DKD progression, it urgently needs novel and effective treatment for DKD. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that renal lipid metabolism abnormality and inflammation significantly changed in DKD conditions by mining public transcriptomic data of DKD patient samples. KEGG analysis further exhibited the critical role of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) signal pathways in DKD progression, indicating that VEGF-B and IL-17A might be the promising targets for DKD treatment. Then the potential of a novel combination therapy, anti-VEGF-B plus anti-IL-17A antibody, was evaluated for DKD treatment. Our results demonstrated that simultaneous blockade of VEGF-B and IL-17A signaling with their neutralizing antibodies alleviated renal damage and ameliorated renal function. The therapeutic effectiveness was not only related to the reduced lipid deposition especially the neutral lipids in kidney but also associated with the decreased inflammation response. Moreover, the therapy alleviated renal fibrosis by reducing collagen deposition and the expression of fibronectin and α-SMA in kidney tissues. RNA-seq analysis indicated that differential expression genes (DEGs) in db/db mice were significantly clustered into lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis and DKD pathology-related pathways, and 181 of those DEGs were significantly reversed by the combinatory treatment, suggesting the underlying mechanism of administration of anti-VEGF-B and anti-IL-17A antibodies in DKD treatment. Taken together, this study identified that renal lipid metabolism abnormality and inflammation were critically involved in the progression of DKD, and simultaneous blockade of VEGF-B and IL-17A signaling represents a potential DKD therapeutic strategy.
Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species
Authors: Klughammer Johanna , Romanovskaia Daria , Nemc Amelie , Posautz Annika , Seid Charlotte A. , Schuster Linda C. , Keinath Melissa C. , Lugo Ramos Juan Sebastian , Kosack Lindsay , Evankow Ann , Printz Dieter , Kirchberger Stefanie , Ergüner Bekir , Datlinger Paul , Fortelny Nikolaus , Schmidl Christian , Farlik Matthias , Skjærven Kaja , Bergthaler Andreas , Liedvogel Miriam , Thaller Denise , Burger Pamela A. , Hermann Marcela , Distel Martin , Distel Daniel L. , Kübber-Heiss Anna , Bock Christoph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMethylation of cytosines is a prototypic epigenetic modification of the DNA. It has been implicated in various regulatory mechanisms across the animal kingdom and particularly in vertebrates. We mapped DNA methylation in 580 animal species (535 vertebrates, 45 invertebrates), resulting in 2443 genome-scale DNA methylation profiles of multiple organs. Bioinformatic analysis of this large dataset quantified the association of DNA methylation with the underlying genomic DNA sequence throughout vertebrate evolution. We observed a broadly conserved link with two major transitions—once in the first vertebrates and again with the emergence of reptiles. Cross-species comparisons focusing on individual organs supported a deeply conserved association of DNA methylation with tissue type, and cross-mapping analysis of DNA methylation at gene promoters revealed evolutionary changes for orthologous genes. In summary, this study establishes a large resource of vertebrate and invertebrate DNA methylomes, it showcases the power of reference-free epigenome analysis in species for which no reference genomes are available, and it contributes an epigenetic perspective to the study of vertebrate evolution.