bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic sintering of copper for rapid processing of thick film conducting circuits on FTO coated glass
Authors: Abbas Bahaa , Jewell Eifion , Lau Yin Cheung , Searle Justin , Claypole Tim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCopper potentially provides a cost-effective replacement for silver in printed electronic circuitry with diverse applications in healthcare, solar energy, IOT devices and automotive applications. The primary challenge facing copper is that it readily oxidizes to its non-conductive state during the sintering process. Photonic sintering offers a means of overcoming the oxidation by which rapid conversion from discrete nano-micro particles to fully or partially sintered products occurs. An experimental study of flash lamp sintering of mixed nano copper and mixed nano/ micro copper thick film screen printed structures on FTO coated glass was carried out. It shows that there may be multiple energy windows which can successfully sinter the thick film copper print preventing detrimental copper oxidation. Under optimum conditions, the conductivities achieved in under 1 s was (3.11–4.3 × 10–7 Ω m) matched those achieved in 90 min at 250 °C under reducing gas conditions, offering a significant improvement in productivity and reduced energy demand. Also present a good film stability of a 14% increase in line resistance of 100 N material, around 10% for the 50N50M ink and only around 2% for the 20N80M.
Facile assembly of flexible quaternary SnO2/SrSnO3/Fe3O4/PVDF nanocomposites with tunable optical, electrical, and magnetic properties for promising magneto-optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ismail A. M. , El Desouky Fawzy G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFacile assembly, co-precipitation, and drop casting procedures have been used to construct SnO2/SrSnO3/Fe3O4/PVDF flexible nanocomposites. SnO2/SrSnO3/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (TSF NCs') have been successfully incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride polymers (PF), according to the microstructural exploration of the systems, which was revealed by XRD, EDX, and ATR-FTIR analysis. The FESEM and cross-section areas demonstrated that the addition of TSF NCs' to PF porous material enhanced its surface characteristics and decreased its surface roughness. The optical gap was lowered from 3.90 to 3.07 eV, and it was discovered that both the refractive index and optical conductivity had improved when TSF NCs' were incorporated into PF. According to the observations, the supplement ratios have a profound influence on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the electrical parameters of TSF/PF nanocomposite are significantly modified. The TSF/PF magnetic nanocomposite has good magnetic reactivity and can be easily extracted from the aqueous solution using an external magnetic field, as demonstrated by VSM. This research has been conducted to obtain TSF/PF nanocomposites to be used in promising magno-optoelectronic applications.
Black coral forests enhance taxonomic and functional distinctiveness of mesophotic fishes in an oceanic island: implications for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Bosch Nestor E. , Espino Fernando , Tuya Fernando , Haroun Ricardo , Bramanti Lorenzo , Otero-Ferrer Francisco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe degradation of shallow ecosystems has called for efforts to understand the biodiversity and functioning of Mesophotic Ecosystems. However, most empirical studies have been restricted to tropical regions and have majorly focused on taxonomic entities (i.e., species), neglecting important dimensions of biodiversity that influence community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Here, using a subtropical oceanic island in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (Lanzarote, Canary Islands), we investigated variation in (a) alpha and (b) beta functional (i.e., trait) diversity across a depth gradient (0–70 m), as a function of the presence of black coral forests (BCFs, order Antipatharian) in the mesophotic strata, a vulnerable but often overlooked ‘ecosystem engineer’ in regional biodiversity. Despite occupying a similar volume of the functional space (i.e., functional richness) than shallow (< 30 m) reefs, mesophotic fish assemblages inhabiting BCFs differed in their functional structure when accounting for species abundances, with lower evenness and divergence. Similarly, although mesophotic BCFs shared, on average, 90% of the functional entities with shallow reefs, the identity of common and dominant taxonomic and functional entities shifted. Our results suggest BCFs promoted the specialization of reef fishes, likely linked to convergence towards optimal traits to maximize the use of resources and space. Regional biodiversity planning should thus focus on developing specific management and conservation strategies for preserving the unique biodiversity and functionality of mesophotic BCFs.
Self-supervised attention-based deep learning for pan-cancer mutation prediction from histopathology
Authors: Saldanha Oliver Lester , Loeffler Chiara M. L. , Niehues Jan Moritz , van Treeck Marko , Seraphin Tobias P. , Hewitt Katherine Jane , Cifci Didem , Veldhuizen Gregory Patrick , Ramesh Siddhi , Pearson Alexander T. , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe histopathological phenotype of tumors reflects the underlying genetic makeup. Deep learning can predict genetic alterations from pathology slides, but it is unclear how well these predictions generalize to external datasets. We performed a systematic study on Deep-Learning-based prediction of genetic alterations from histology, using two large datasets of multiple tumor types. We show that an analysis pipeline that integrates self-supervised feature extraction and attention-based multiple instance learning achieves a robust predictability and generalizability.
Sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharides and Lactobacillus gasseri synergistically ameliorate the overweight induced by altered gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Liu Zhengqi , Ai Chunqing , Lin Xinping , Guo Xiaoming , Song Shuang , Zhu Beiwei 
Published: March 2023

Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus (SCSPsj) and Lactobacillus gasseri synergistically ameliorate the overweight in gut microbiota-altered mice through improving gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.
The Effects of Quercetin on Apoptosis and Antioxidant Activity in a Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Animal Model
Authors: Bagheri Amin , Radman Ghazal , Aria Negar , Rezaei Fatemeh , Khajenouri Mohammad , Ghiabi Shamim , Bagheri Yasin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), which can happen in various clinical situations including hypovolemic shock, injury, thrombo-embolism, and after a kidney transplant. This paper aims to evaluate the reno-protective effects of Quercetin in induced ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating apoptosis-related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, MMP-2, MMP-9, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer inactivated B cells (NF-kB) in rats. The male Wistar rats (n=32) were randomly divided into Sham, untreated IR, and Quercetin-treated IR (gavage and intraperitoneal). Quercetin was given orally and intraperitoneally one hour before inducing ischemia-reperfusion injury . After reperfusion, blood samples and kidneys were collected to assess renal function and inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic signaling proteins, and antioxidants. Urea, creatinine, and MDA levels improved in Quercetin-treated groups with different administration methods. In addition, the activities of other antioxidant in Quercetin-treated rats were higher than those in the IR group. Further, Quercetin inhibited NF-kB signaling, apoptosis-associated factors and produced matrix metalloproteinase protein in the kidneys of rats. Based on the findings, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of the Quercetin diminished renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rats significantly. It is suggested that a single dosage of Quercetin have a reno-protective impact in the case of renal I/R injury.
Synthesis of Calix[4]arene Appended Lactosylated G1 and Galacto­sylated G2 Generation Glycodendrimers using a ‘CuAAC’ Click Approach
Authors: Tiwari Vinod K. , Kumar Sunil , Yadav Mangal S. , Singh Sumit K. , Rajkhowa Sanchayita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA modular and highly reliable click approach is applied for the expeditious synthesis of lactose- and galactose-coated calixarene-cored G1 and G2 generation glycodendrimers, respectively. The developed calixarene glycodendrimers have been characterized by using extensive spectral analysis including NMR (1H and 13C), MS, IR, and SEC data.
Extracapsular Resection of Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seng Kenny S. , Malilay Oliver Ryan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is considerable variation in the surgical techniques for transsphenoidal excision of pituitary tumors. Recently, an extracapsular method has been developed that involves using the tumor pseudocapsule as a dissection plane to increase the extent of resection. This review assessed the outcomes of this new approach as compared with standard transsphenoidal surgery. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, the US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; apps.who.int/trialsearch), and LILACS databases for relevant literature and checked reference lists of relevant articles. Randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective cohort studies comparing extracapsular and intracapsular resection of pituitary tumors were included in the review. Five cohort studies with 1,588 participants were included. Extracapsular resection was associated with a higher likelihood of complete excision (relative risk [RR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.70, p = 0.04) and endocrinologic remission (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54, p = 0.02). Because there was a significant risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity, the estimates of effect may not be robust. In patients with pituitary adenomas undergoing transsphenoidal excision, extracapsular resection may be associated with higher rates of complete excision and endocrinologic remission, but the evidence is not strong. Hence, randomized controlled trials to determine the magnitude of benefit and identify an improvement in progression-free or overall survival are warranted.
Pathology and Mineralogy of the Pneumoconioses
Authors: Hua Jeremy T. , Cool Carlyne D. , Green Francis H. Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPneumoconioses represent the spectrum of lung diseases caused by inhalation of respirable particulate matter small enough (typically <5-µm diameter) to reach the terminal airways and alveoli. Pneumoconioses primarily occur in occupational settings where workers perform demanding and skilled manual labor including mining, construction, stone fabrication, farming, plumbing, electronics manufacturing, shipyards, and more. Most pneumoconioses develop after decades of exposure, though shorter latencies can occur from more intense particulate matter exposures. In this review, we summarize the industrial exposures, pathologic findings, and mineralogic features of various well-characterized pneumoconioses including silicosis, silicatosis, mixed-dust pneumoconiosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, chronic beryllium disease, aluminosis, hard metal pneumoconiosis, and some less severe pneumoconioses. We also review a general framework for the diagnostic work-up of pneumoconioses for pulmonologists including obtaining a detailed occupational and environmental exposure history. Many pneumoconioses are irreversible and develop due to excessive cumulative respirable dust inhalation. Accurate diagnosis permits interventions to minimize ongoing fibrogenic dust exposure. A consistent occupational exposure history coupled with typical chest imaging findings is usually sufficient to make a clinical diagnosis without the need for tissue sampling. Lung biopsy may be required when exposure history, imaging, and testing are inconsistent, there are unusual or new exposures, or there is a need to obtain tissue for another indication such as suspected malignancy. Close collaboration and information-sharing with the pathologist prior to biopsy is of great importance for diagnosis, as many occupational lung diseases are missed due to insufficient communication. The pathologist has a broad range of analytic techniques including bright-field microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and special histologic stains that may confirm the diagnosis. Advanced techniques for particle characterization such as scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy may be available in some centers.
Microsporidia in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Goel Varun , Meena Suneeta , Mathur Purva , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Lodha Rakesh , Singh Sarman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground Human microsporidiosis presents as an important and rapidly emerging opportunistic infection. However, the exact burden of this infection especially in the pediatric population of Northern India remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of microsporidia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative pediatric patients who presented with diarrhea.Methods A total of 263 children were recruited consisting of 98 HIV seropositive with diarrhea and 165 HIV seronegative but with diarrhea. Morning stool samples were collected and both direct and formol ether concentrated samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. The modified acid-fast staining was done for coccidian parasites and trichrome stain for microsporidia detection. Further, the species were detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a conserved region of the small ribosomal subunit rRNA gene of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon hellem, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi.Results Overall, one or more parasites were detected in 52.04% (51/98) of HIV seropositive and 53.33% (88/165) of seronegative children (p = 0.8391). However, coccidian parasites were detected in a significantly huge number of HIV seropositive children (21.43% [21/98]) as compared with HIV seronegative children (4.24% [7/165]). Microsporidial DNA could be detected in HIV seropositive with diarrhea children (17.35% [17/98]) by PCR. A significant correlation between low CD4 count (≤ 200/μL) and intestinal parasite positivity could be established.Conclusion Microsporidia is a significant cause of diarrhea in HIV seropositive pediatric patients and should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses in such patients.
Regulating Microvascular Free Flaps Reconstruction in “Schobinger Stage 4” Arteriovenous Malformations of Face
Authors: Balakrishnan Thalaivirithan Margabandu , Ilayakumar P. , Vijay Bhattiprolu , Christabel Prethee Martina , Prakash Divya , Elancheralathan K. , Narayanan Sritharan , Janardhanam Jaganmohan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow, aggressive lesions that cause systemic effects and may pose a risk to life. These lesions are difficult to treat as they have a tendency to recur aggressively after excision or embolization. So, it requires a regulating free flap with robust vascular flow averting the postexcisional ischemia-induced collateralization, parasitization, and recruitment of neovessels from the surrounding mesenchyme—a phenomenon precipitating and perpetuating the recurrence of AVM.
Materials and Methods Sixteen patients (12 males and 4 females) with AVMs Schobinger type 4 involving face were treated from March 2015 to March 2021 with various free flaps: three free rectus abdominis flaps, one free radial forearm flap, and twelve free anterolateral thigh flaps were used for reconstruction following the wide local excision of Schobinger type 4 facial AVM. The records of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. The average follow-up period was 18.5 months. The functional and aesthetic outcomes were analyzed with institutional assessment scores.
Results The average size of the flap harvested was 113.43 cm2. Fourteen patients (87.5%) had good-to-excellent score (p = 0.035) with institutional aesthetic and functional assessment system. The remaining two patients (12.5%) had only fair results. There was no recurrence (0%) in the free flap group versus 64% recurrence in the pedicled flap and skin grafting groups (p = 0.035).
Conclusion Free flaps with their robust and homogenized blood supply provide a good avenue for void filling and an excellent regulating effect in inhibiting any locoregional recurrences of AVMs
Proficient L2 readers do not have a risky reading strategy
Authors: Fernandez Leigh B. , Xheladini Agnesa , Allen Shanley E. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Proficient first-language (L1) readers of alphabetic languages that are read left-to-right typically have a perceptual span of 3–4 characters to the left and 14–15 characters to the right of the foveal fixation. Given that second-language (L2) processing requires more cognitive resources, we hypothesize that L2ers will have a smaller perceptual span than L1ers, and may rely on a compensatory risky reading strategy with a more symmetrical perceptual span similar to that seen in older L1 adults. Here, we test the size and symmetry of the perceptual span in German L1/English L2ers reading in English. We manipulate the amount of information available (3,6,9 characters-left/3,9,15 characters-right) during reading, and also account for the influence of English skills. Results show that L2ers benefit from an increase of window size from 3 to 6 characters to the left, and from 3 to 9 characters to the right, with higher-skilled L2ers further benefiting from an increase to 15 characters to the right. Contrary to our hypothesis, proficient L2ers exhibit an asymmetric perceptual span similar to college-aged L1ers and do not employ a compensatory risky reading strategy. This suggests that L1 and L2 language processing are not qualitatively different, but are rather modulated by individual differences.
Rotatable anisotropy in exchange bias bilayer and stripe domains films with uniaxial anisotropy
Authors: Pan Lining , Wang Wenfeng , Gao Yu , Zhou Tingting , Zhuang Xueheng , Man Qikui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report the rotatable anisotropy in three magnetic film systems, including in-plane magnetized FeNi film, FeNi/FeMn bilayer and FeNi stripe domains (SDs) structure film. Omnidirectional ferromagnetic resonance driven by rotatable anisotropy can be achieved in these films. We have found that the in-plane magnetized FeNi films have a negligible rotatable anisotropy of about 1 ∼ 2 Oe. Rotatable anisotropy fields of 6.1 Oe and 5.5 Oe are found for isotropic and anisotropic FeNi/FeMn bilayers, which comes from the exchange coupling at the interface of FM and AFM layer. This magnitude is smaller than the value found in thick FeNi film where a big rotatable anisotropy field of 87 Oe is present stemming from its domain structure. In addition, the uniaxial anisotropy could tailor the resonance frequency from 0.78 and 2.28 GHz for in-plane magnetized FeNi thin film, and 1.3 to 2.4 GHz for FeNi SDs films. Furthermore, a conclusion that a uniaxial anisotropy has no influence on rotatable anisotropy in three magnetic films systems, was yielded.
Pseudospectral method for solving the fractional one-dimensional Dirac operator using Chebyshev cardinal functions
Authors: Shahriari Mohammad , Nemati Saray Behzad , Mohammadalipour Bahareh , Saeidian Shahpoor 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a numerical method is introduced to find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Caputo fractional Dirac operator. To this end, the problem reduces to a Volterra integral equation with a weakly singular kernel. Then, the pseudospectral method based on Chebyshev cardinal functions is used to solve the obtained Volterra integral equation. By introducing the operational matrix of the fractional integral operator for cardinal Chebyshev functions, the Volterra integral equation is reduced to an algebraic system. To obtain the approximation of the eigenvalues, it is sufficient to find the roots of the characteristic function of the algebraic system. Then, the convergence of the method is proved. To demonstrate the ability and accuracy of the method some numerical examples are solved.
On the quadruple Beltrami fields in thermally relativistic electron-positron-ion plasma
Authors: Shazad Usman , Iqbal M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A thermally relativistic electron-positron-ion (EPI) plasma self-organizes into a quadruple Beltrami (QB) field. The QB field, which is the combination of four Beltrami fields, is described by four scale parameters. These scale parameters are often either real or both real and complex in nature. The values of the scale parameters are determined by Beltrami parameters, relativistic temperatures, and the densities of plasma species. It is demonstrated that all the scale parameters become real at higher relativistic temperatures and ion densities, which naturally lead to paramagnetic structures. It is also shown that the scale separation in the QB state provides the possibility of field and flow generation in such thermally relativistic plasmas. The present study may have implications for space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
Dry wear characteristics of TC21 titanium alloy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Chen Haixin , Sun Gang , Zhang Shigang , An Jian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
TC21 alloy is a new type of high damage tolerance titanium-based alloy, but its elevated-temperature wear characteristics such as wear mechanism and wear transition are still unknown. In present study, dry wear tests of TC21 alloy were carried out at experimental temperatures of 20 °C–300 °C under various applied loads. Volumetric wear rate was plotted against experimental temperature under each applied load to exhibit its variation trend and mild-severe wear transition. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine worn surface morphologies. Confocal scanning laser microcopy and Vickers microhardness tester were utilized for characterizing the friction-affected microstructure and mechanical property in the subsurfaces. Four wear mechanisms, namely abrasion, adhesion, mild surface deformation and severe surface deformation, were observed. Severe surface deformation was found responsible for severe wear behavior, and it was aroused by the near-surface softening originating from dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The severe wear transition temperature was found to be decreased linearly with increasing applied load. By linearly fitting the relation between applied load and transition temperature, a critical surface temperature of 399.4 °C for severe wear transition is estimated, and it is further deduced to be the critical temperature for DRX realization of surface material during sliding.