bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Popular Songs and Cartoons in Teaching Introduction to International Relations and Comparative Politics
Authors: Asal Victor , Miller Inga , Vitek Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The use of popular culture as a teaching tool is often overlooked in teaching introductory-level political science courses. In recent years, advocacy for the inclusion of popular culture in the classroom has increased due to studies that highlight the benefits of such application in combination with other teaching methods. This paper argues that the incorporation of popular music and cartoons as a combined auxiliary teaching tool is an efficient way to increase students’ understanding of theoretical concepts at multiple levels and to encourage them to think unconventionally. Relating political science paradigms and theories to popular culture makes them accessible to a broad spectrum of students and ensures that students become more engaged in the classroom. Students may also be more likely to apply theoretical concepts to real-life events. In this paper, we share our observations of using popular songs and cartoons as supplementary teaching materials and methods to explain theories of international relations and comparative politics.
CG-DAE: a noise suppression method for two-dimensional transient electromagnetic data based on deep learning
Authors: Yu Shengbao , Shen Yihan , Zhang Yang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is a geophysical exploration method that can efficiently acquire subsurface electrical parameters. For airborne, towed and other mobile platforms, TEM systems, large data volumes and the traditional one-dimensional denoising method with low efficiency and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of late-time are the main bottlenecks limiting its reliable application. To address this problem, this paper proposes a neural network structure suitable for two-dimensional (2D) TEM data processing. The proposed structure combines a classical convolutional neural network denoising autoencoder with a gated recurrent neural network autoencoder, called the CNN-GRU dual autoencoder (CG-DAE). This method can directly input 2D TEM response data as images into the network for processing, which greatly improves data processing efficiency compared to single-time-channel processing. The simulation experiments verified the effectiveness of CG-DAE. After using CG-DAE denoising, the SNR of late-time (0.2–1 ms) signals is improved to nearly 29 dB, the 2D anomaly layer position is clear and the relative error (RE) between the denoised data and the corresponding clean data is &lt;1.41%, while the RE of the late-time signals can be reduced to 3.68%. The proposed method can lay the foundation for fast processing of TEM data based on mobile platforms such as those that are airborne and/or towed.
The Warnock report and partial ectogestation: retracing the past to step into the future
Authors: Adkins Victoria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Partial ectogestation continues to move towards human clinical trials. This article draws upon the Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Warnock Report) to provide guidance as to what may need to be considered for the future regulation of this technology. While the Warnock Report dates back to 1984, its significance and legacy continue to influence the current regulation of reproductive practices in the UK. By drawing upon specific elements within the report, many of the decisions and recommendations within it could provide direction for the future regulation of partial ectogestation. The role of the public, the social and political context at the time of the Warnock report, the determination of the status of the embryo, and arguments pitted against in vitro fertilisation (IVF) at the time, are all examined. As a result, this article suggests that the inclusion of the general public in the development and implementation of partial ectogestation prior to another Warnock-style inquiry will increase the success of long-standing regulatory and legislative provisions.
Exploring the hidden Universe: a novel phenomenological approach for recovering arbitrary gravitational-wave millilensing configurations
Authors: Liu Anna , Wong Isaac C F , Leong Samson H W , More Anupreeta , Hannuksela Otto A , Li Tjonnie G F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015, gravitational-wave astronomy has emerged as a rapidly advancing field that holds great potential for studying the cosmos, from probing the properties of black holes to testing the limits of our current understanding of gravity. One important aspect of gravitational-wave astronomy is the phenomenon of gravitational lensing, where massive intervening objects can bend and magnify gravitational waves, providing a unique way to probe the distribution of matter in the Universe, as well as finding applications to fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. However, current models for gravitational-wave millilensing—a specific form of lensing where small-scale astrophysical objects can split a gravitational wave signal into multiple copies—are often limited to simple isolated lenses, which is not realistic for complex lensing scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel phenomenological approach to incorporate millilensing in data analysis in a model-independent fashion. Our approach enables the recovery of arbitrary lens configurations without the need for extensive computational lens modelling, making it a more accurate and computationally efficient tool for studying the distribution of matter in the Universe using gravitational-wave signals. When gravitational-wave lensing observations become possible, our method could provide a powerful tool for studying complex lens configurations in the future.
Classifying FRB spectrograms using nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques
Authors: Yang X , Zhang S-B , Wang J-S , Wu X-F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious astronomical phenomena, and it is still uncertain whether they consist of multiple types. In this study, we use two nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms – Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) – to differentiate repeaters from apparently non-repeaters in FRBs. Based on the first Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) FRB catalogue, these two methods are applied to standardized parameter data and image data from a sample of 594 sub-bursts and 535 FRBs, respectively. Both methods are able to differentiate repeaters from apparently non-repeaters. The UMAP algorithm using image data produces more accurate results and is a more model-independent method. Our result shows that in general repeater clusters tend to be narrowband, which implies a difference in burst morphology between repeaters and apparently non-repeaters. We also compared our UMAP predictions with the CHIME/FRB discovery of six new repeaters, the performance was generally good except for one outlier. Finally, we highlight the need for a larger and more complete sample of FRBs.
Strong lensing constraints on primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate
Authors: Dike Veronica , Gilman Daniel , Treu Tommaso 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Dark matter could comprise, at least in part, primordial black holes (PBHs). To test this hypothesis, we present an approach to constrain the PBH mass (MPBH) and mass fraction (fPBH) from the flux ratios of quadruply imaged quasars. Our approach uses an approximate Bayesian computation forward modelling technique to directly sample the posterior distribution of MPBH and fPBH, while marginalizing over the subhalo mass function amplitude, spatial distribution, and the size of the lensed source. We apply our method to 11 quadruply imaged quasars and derive a new constraint on the intermediate-mass area of PBH parameter space 104 M⊙ &lt; MPBH &lt; 106 M⊙. We obtain an upper limit fPBH &lt; 0.17 (95 per cent confidence limit). This constraint is independent of all other previously published limits.
Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations – V. Comparing the influence of star-forming versus passive companions
Authors: Brown Westley , Patton David R , Ellison Sara L , Faria Lawrence 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We study interacting galaxy pairs in the TNG100-1 and TNG300-1 cosmological simulations using previously generated closest companion samples. We study the specific star-formation rates (sSFRs) of massive ($10^{10} \, {\rm M}_{\odot } \lt M_* \lt 10^{12} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ) galaxies at z ≤ 0.2 as a function of separation from the closest companion galaxy. We split our sample based on whether the companion galaxy is star-forming or passive. We find that galaxies with close star-forming companions have sSFRs that are enhanced (on average) by a factor of 2.9 ± 0.3 in TNG100-1 and 2.27 ± 0.06 in TNG300-1 compared to controls, with enhancements present out to separations of ∼300 kpc. Galaxies with passive companions in TNG300-1 exhibit mild sSFR suppression (∼12 per cent) at 100–300 kpc and small sSFR enhancements at separations below 50 kpc. sSFR suppression is strongest in pairs where the galaxy’s stellar mass is more than 2 times that of its passive companion. By generating a stellar mass-matched (‘twinned’) sample in TNG300-1, we show that differences in sSFR trends between companion types are not a result of intrinsic stellar mass differences in star-forming versus passive galaxies. We compare with an analogous sample of galaxy pairs from SDSS, finding consistent results between observations and simulations. Overall, we find that star-forming galaxies show enhanced sSFRs regardless of companion type, but that galaxies with close passive companions are more likely to be passive themselves.
Time variability of ultra fast BAL outflows using SALT: C iv equivalent width analysis
Authors: Aromal P , Srianand R , Petitjean P 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the time variability (over ≤7.3 yr) of ultra fast outflows (UFOs) detected in a sample of 64 C iv broad absorption line (BAL) quasars (with 80 distinct BAL components) monitored using the Southern African Large Telescope. By comparing the properties of the quasar in our sample with those of a control sample of non-BAL quasars, we show that the distributions of black hole mass are different and the bolometric luminosities and optical photometric variations of UFO BAL quasars are slightly smaller compared to that of non-BAL quasars. The detection fraction of C iv equivalent width (W) variability (∼95 per cent), the fractional variability amplitude $\left(\frac{\Delta W}{W}\right)$ and the fraction of ‘highly variable’ BAL (i.e. $\big|$$\frac{\Delta W}{W}$$\big|$ &gt; 0.67) components (∼33 per cent) are higher in our sample compared to the general BAL population. The scatter in $\frac{\Delta W}{W}$ and the fraction of ‘highly variable’ BALs increase with the time-scale probed. The $\frac{\Delta W}{W}$ distribution is asymmetric at large time scales. We attribute this to the BAL strengthening time-scales being shorter than the weakening time-scales. The BAL variability amplitude correlates strongly with the BAL properties compared to the quasar properties. BALs with low W, high-velocity, shallow profiles, and low-velocity width tend to show more variability. When multiple BAL components are present, a correlated variability is seen between low- and high-velocity components with the latter showing a larger amplitude variations. We find an anticorrelation between the fractional variations in the continuum flux and W. While this suggests photoionization induced variability, the scatter in continuum flux is much smaller than that of W.
From a toxin to an obesogen: a review of potential obesogenic roles of acrylamide with a mechanistic approach
Authors: Buyukdere Yucel , Akyol Asli 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related disorders such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver have become a global health problem. It is well known that the primary cause of obesity is positive energy balance. In addition, obesity is the consequence of complex gene and environment interactions that result in excess calorie intake being stored as fat. However, it has been revealed that there are other factors contributing to the worsening of obesity. The presence of nontraditional risk factors, such as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, has recently been associated with obesity and comorbidities caused by obesity. The aim of this review was to examine the evidence and potential mechanisms for acrylamide having endocrine-disrupting properties contributing to obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. Recent studies have suggested that exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting obesogens may be a risk factor contributing to the current obesity epidemic, and that one of these obesogens is acrylamide, an environmental and industrial compound produced by food processing, particularly the processing of foods such as potato chips, and coffee. In addition to the known harmful effects of acrylamide in humans and experimental animals, such as neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, acrylamide also has an obesogenic effect. It has been shown in the literature to a limited extent that acrylamide may disrupt energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and various signaling pathways, and may exacerbate the disturbances in metabolic and biochemical parameters observed as a result of obesity. Acrylamide exerts its main potential obesogenic effects through body weight increase, worsening of the levels of obesity-related blood biomarkers, and induction of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Additional mechanisms may be discovered. Further experimental studies and prospective cohorts are needed, both to supplement existing knowledge about acrylamide and its effects, and to clarify its established relationship with obesity and its comorbidities.
Association of Self-Reported Systemic Reactions Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination With Immunological Response in The Danish National Cohort Study of Effectiveness and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines (ENFORCE)
Authors: Bannister Wendy P , Raben Dorthe , Valentiner-Branth Palle , Tolstrup Martin , Larsen Lykke , Tarp Britta , Brouw Iversen Mette , Schmeltz Søgaard Ole , Rye Ostrowski Sisse , Breinholt Stærke Nina , Jakobsen Marie Louise , Lindvig Susan Olaf , Juhl Maria Ruwald , Somuncu Johansen Isik , Mustafa Ahmed B , Østergaard Lars , Dam Larsen Fredrikke , Surland Knudsen Lene , Klastrup Vibeke , Wiese Lothar , Benfield Thomas , Toft Petersen Kristine , Iversen Kasper K , Nielsen Henrik , Reekie Joanne , Lundgren Jens ,   ENFORCE Study Group
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Side effects to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are a key concern contributing to vaccine hesitancy, but more individuals may be encouraged if they were known to lead to a stronger immune response.

Methods
Adult participants were included from the Danish National Cohort Study of Effectiveness and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines (ENFORCE), who completed a questionnaire to assess systemic reactions following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (BTN162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1) and had SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels measured at baseline and post-vaccine. A symptom score was developed to measure severity of systemic adverse reactions (+1 for each moderate, +2 for each severe). Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels were compared between participants with different scores using multivariable linear regression.

Results
A total of 6528 participants were included (56.3% females, median age 64 years [IQR 54-75]). After first vaccination, no association was found between symptom score and post-vaccine dose spike IgG level (p-value=0.575). Following second vaccination, significantly higher spike IgG levels were observed according to higher symptom score (p&lt;0.001); adjusted geometric mean ratios (95% CIs) were 1.16 (1.04-1.30), 1.24 (1.09-1.41), 1.25 (1.06-1.46), and 1.21 (1.08-1.35), for scores of 2, 3, 4, ≥5, respectively, compared to a score of 0. After adjustment for pre-vaccine dose spike IgG, this association was attenuated.

Conclusions
An association was found between more severe adverse reactions and stronger antibody response after the second vaccination but not the first, likely attributed to higher levels of pre-existing immunity gained from response to first vaccination. Regardless of side effects, most people experienced an effective immune response following vaccination.
Proof of the transverse intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds in the two-dimensional area preserving map
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Tanikawa Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the area preserving map T included in the Hénon family of maps. The map T defined on the plane is characterized by a parameter a (≥ 0). There exist the saddle fixed point P and the elliptic point Q at a &gt; 0. Let u be the primary homoclinic point at which the unstable manifold Wu starting from the saddle fixed point P intersects the symmetry axis denoted by the dominant axis of Q. The stable manifold Ws also intersects Wu at u. At u, let ξu(u) be the inclination of Wu and ξs(u) be that of Ws. Using a new geometric method, we prove the transversality of the intersection for any value of a (&gt; 0). Here, the transversality means that ξu(u) &lt; ξs(u) holds.
The Efficiency of Bacterial Vaccines on Mortality during the ‘Spanish’ Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19
Authors: Roth David T 
Published: May 2023

Summary
The worldwide ‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic of 1918–19, which extended into the 1920s, infected more than a third of the world’s population and killed an estimated 50–100 million people, more than the civilian and military casualties of World War I. Present-day medical scholars, journalists, and other commentators have often ignored, downplayed or treated with scepticism the role of bacterial vaccines in reducing mortality during the pandemic. There have been repeated claims in this century that these vaccines were ‘useless’, ‘concocted’, and possibly harmful. Focussing on the Australian scene, I show that bacterial vaccines from reputable sources did indeed reduce mortality, perhaps to a greater extent in some cases than modern anti-viral influenza vaccines.
Effects of sodium oxybate on hypocretin/orexin and locus coeruleus neurons
Authors: Wu Ming-Fung , Thannickal Thomas C , Li Songlin , McGregor Ronald , Lai Yuan-Yang , Siegel Jerome M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Long-term use of sodium oxybate (SXB), (also called gamma-hydroxybutyrate [GHB]) attenuates the cataplexy and sleepiness of human narcolepsy. We had previously found that chronic opiate usage in humans and long-term opiate administration to mice significantly increased the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons, decreased their size, and increased Hcrt level in the hypothalamus. We also found that opiates significantly decreased cataplexy in human narcoleptics as well as in narcoleptic mice and that cessation of locus coeruleus neuronal activity preceded and was tightly linked to cataplectic attacks in narcoleptic dogs. We tested the hypothesis that SXB produces changes similar to opiates and now report that chronic SXB administration significantly increased the size of Hcrt neurons, the reverse of what we had seen with opiates in humans and mice. Levels of Hcrt in the hypothalamus were nonsignificantly lower, in contrast to the significant increase in hypothalamic Hcrt level after opiates. SXB decreased tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the locus coeruleus, the major descending projection of the hypocretin system, also the reverse of what we saw with opioids. Therefore despite some similar effects on narcoleptic symptomatology, SXB does not produce anatomical changes similar to those elicited by opiates. Analysis of changes in other links in the cataplexy pathway might further illuminate SXB’s mechanism of action on narcolepsy.
Hate as Backlash: A County-Level Analysis of White Supremacist Mobilization in Response to Racial and Gender “Threats”
Authors: Mills Colleen E , Schmuhl Margaret , Capellan Joel A , Silva Jason R 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven the resurgence and mainstreaming of the American far-right in recent years, there is an urgent need to better understand the etiology of recent white supremacist mobilization. In the current study, we investigate white supremacist mobilization primarily as a backlash against two threats perceived by white supremacists: racial threat and gender threat. This study extends the defended neighborhoods and feminist perspectives – frameworks previously used to explain hate and extremist violence – to explain legal white supremacist mobilization. Using data from the Anti-Defamation League, we utilize a series of negative binomial regressions analyzing white supremacist mobilization – as measured by propaganda incidents – at the county level between 2017 and 2020. Findings indicate that white supremacist mobilization is a backlash response to 1) the influx of nonwhite, Black, and Hispanic residents into white areas; 2) the presence of Jewish visibility as a measure of ethnoreligious minority group threat; and 3) gender equality in income, occupational status, and the labor force. Gender equality in education however does appear to have an ameliorative effect on white supremacist mobilization. On balance, the current study finds support for backlash explanations of white supremacist mobilization and demonstrates the utility of applying perspectives used to explain violence, including hate and extremist violence, to explain white supremacist mobilization.
Divine Struggles Among Those Doing God’s Work: A Longitudinal Assessment Predicting Depression and Burnout and the Role of Social Support in United Methodist Clergy
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Eagle David E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we examine the role of spiritual struggles among clergy, in the form of “divine struggle” or feelings of alienation from God and their associations with well-being (depressive symptoms and burnout) among clergy. Drawing from a life-stress perspective, we also test whether received and anticipated congregational support moderates these associations. Using two waves of data (2016–2019) of the Clergy Panel Health Survey of United Methodist clergy in North Carolina (n = 1,261), results suggest that it was clergy who increased in divine struggles over time who had the highest depressive symptom and burnout scores. However, clergy who received significant emotional support from members of their congregation were protected from elevated depressive symptoms and greater burnout. Anticipated congregational support only buffered the relationship between increasing divine struggles and one component of burnout (positive achievement). We offer some broader implications for supporting clergy well-being in the face of divine struggles.