bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational-wave Dark Siren Cosmology Systematics from Galaxy Weighting
Authors: Hanselman Alexandra G. , Vijaykumar Aditya , Fishbach Maya , Holz Daniel E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The detection of GW170817 and the measurement of its redshift from the associated electromagnetic counterpart provided the first gravitational-wave (GW) determination of the Hubble constant (H
0), demonstrating the potential power of standard siren cosmology. In contrast to this “bright siren” approach, the “dark siren” approach can be utilized for GW sources in the absence of an electromagnetic counterpart: One considers all galaxies contained within the localization volume as potential hosts. When statistically averaging over the potential host galaxies, weighting them by physically motivated properties (e.g., tracing star formation or stellar mass) could improve convergence. Using mock galaxy catalogs, we explore the impact of these weightings on the measurement of H
0. We find that incorrect weighting schemes can lead to significant biases due to two effects: the assumption of an incorrect galaxy redshift distribution, and preferentially weighting incorrect host galaxies during the inference. The magnitudes of these biases are influenced by the number of galaxies along each line of sight, the measurement uncertainty in the GW luminosity distance, and correlations in the parameter space of galaxies. We show that the bias may be overcome from improved localization constraints in future GW detectors, a strategic choice of priors or weighting prescription, and by restricting the analysis to a subset of high-signal-to-noise ratio events. We propose the use of hierarchical inference as a diagnostic of incorrectly weighted prescriptions. Such approaches can simultaneously infer the correct weighting scheme and the values of the cosmological parameters, thereby mitigating the bias in dark siren cosmology due to incorrect host-galaxy weighting.
Consensus recommendations for diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients in Egypt
Authors: Farghaly Ayman , Aziz Ahmed A. , El Korashy Reem , Abdelrady Marwa , Soliman Wael , Hassan Ahmed , Soliman Youssef Amin 
Published: January 2025

Background
The burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in Egypt is quite comparable to the global burden. Nonetheless, there is a lack of clear national guidance on the screening, treatment, and diagnosis of PAH in Egypt. This consensus aimed at summarizing and adapting to the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PAH by combining available evidence from the Egyptian practice according to Egyptian experts’ opinions.

Methods
A three-step modified Delphi method was adopted to develop the present consensus, which consisted of two rounds of voting and in-between virtual meeting. Seven specialized experts from Egyptian PH expert referral centers were invited.

Results
The consensus provided 71 statements for the screening, diagnosis, and management of PAH, which considered the resources availability and the infrastructure of the healthcare system in Egypt. Besides, the experts highlighted several unmet medical needs pertaining to the diagnosis and management of PAH in Egypt.

Conclusion
There is a need to establish a national registry that covers all Egyptian PAH centers as well as standardized patients’ databases in these centers. This should be coupled with the development of screening algorithms tailored to the Egyptian setting. To develop such national screening algorithms, cost-effectiveness studies should be conducted in Egypt to better understand optimal screening frequency and the best use of algorithms. Concerning the management of PAH in Egypt, experts emphasized the role of real-world evidence in investigating the current treatment options for PAH in Egypt to improve the understanding of using these therapies in the real world. Likewise, educational programs and workshops should ensure effective physician–patient communication to promote greater patient satisfaction and higher adherence to medications.
Comparison of efficacy and safety between palonosetron and ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing non-laparoscopic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lal Babu , Alagarsamy Ragavi , Kumar Jitendra , Rai Anshul J. , Yadav Vineeta , Joshi Rajnish , Yunus Md. 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication in all types of surgeries involving general anaesthesia. To establish evidence for best clinical practices, this meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of palonosetron and ondansetron in preventing PONV in patients undergoing non-laparoscopic surgeries.

Methods:
A PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Cochrane Library to identify comparative studies that reported the efficacy (nausea and vomiting) at postoperative time points, namely T1 (0–2 hours), T2 (0–6 hours), T3 (12–24 hours), T4 (24–48 hours), and T5 (24–72 hours), as well as safety (number of incidence of adverse effects). A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety groups was performed using a random-effects model.

Results:
Nineteen randomised controlled trials were included. Pooled risk ratio (RR) revealed that patients receiving palonosetron were significantly less likely to develop nausea [0–2 h, RR = 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 1.34), P = 0.317, I2 = 15.3%], [0–6 h, RR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.29), P = 0.137, I2 = 45.7%], [12–24 h, RR = 0.39 (95%CI: 0.16, 0.96), P = 0.088, I2 = 54.2%], [24–48 h, RR = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.96), P = 0.598, I2 = 0%], [24–72 h, RR 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.57), P = 0.119, I2 = 53.0%] and vomiting [0–2 h, RR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.29, 1.23), P = 0.868, I2 = 0%], [0–6 h, RR = 1.42 (95% CI: 0.74, 2.72), P = 0.790, I2 = 0%], [12–24 h, RR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.51), P = 0.749, I2 = 0.0%], [24–48 h, RR = 0.24 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.62), P = 0.561, I2 = 0%], [24–72 h, RR = 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.58), P = 0.859, I2 = 0%]. The safety profiles of palonosetron and ondansetron were comparable [headache: RR = 0.82 (95%CI: 0.65, 1.04), P = 0.940, I2 = 0%], [drowsiness: RR = 0.96 (95%CI: 0.54, 1.71), P = 0.870, I2 = 0%], [constipation: RR=1.20 (95%CI: 0.52, 2.79), P = 0.650, I2 = 0%], [dizziness: RR = 0.60 (95%CI: 0.44, 0.83), P = 0.644, I2 = 0%].

Conclusion:
Palonosetron and ondansetron exhibited comparable efficacy in the early hours (0–6 h). Palonosetron showed superior efficacy beyond 6 hours, providing sustained PONV prophylaxis in patients undergoing various surgeries, excluding laparoscopic procedures.
Relative perioperative analgesic efficacy of single-shot serratus anterior plane block versus thoracic paravertebral block in breast and thoracic surgeries – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Makkar Jeetinder K. , Singh Narinder P. , Khurana Bisman Jeet Kaur , Singh Preet M. 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Various regional analgesia techniques, such as thoracic paravertebral (TPV) and serratus anterior plane (SAP) blocks, have been employed to manage postoperative pain following chest wall surgery. However, the comparative analgesic efficacy of these two approaches remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the relative analgesic efficacy of these blocks in chest wall surgeries, including breast and thoracic procedures. The primary objective was the time to first rescue analgesia, and the secondary objective encompassed opioid consumption within 24 h, pain scores at different time intervals, opioid-related adverse effects and block-related complications.

Methods:
A systematic search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases, covering studies from their inception to September 2023. We included active treatment arms from RCTs comparing these analgesic modalities. Statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager Version 5.3, and results were analysed and reported separately for breast and thoracic surgery subgroups.

Results:
Eighteen trials enroling 1141 patients were included. Overall, no significant difference was observed in time to rescue analgesia, with a mean difference of 0.69 h (95% confidence interval −1.83, 0.45; P = 0.24, I
2 = 98%) between the SAP and TPV block groups. However, the TPV block demonstrated superior results for secondary outcomes in thoracic surgery patients. Complications related to the TPV block included pleural puncture and haematoma at the injection site.

Conclusions:
The evidence suggests that both blocks generally offer comparable analgesic efficacy for chest wall surgery patients, with the TPV block providing a slight advantage for those undergoing thoracic surgery.
Comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane as maintenance inhalational anaesthetic agents for adult patients undergoing neurosurgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Hariyanto Hori , Widiastuti Monika , Pandrya Carla Oktaviani , Surya Kevin Anderson , Audi William 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Despite its superior blood–gas partition coefficient compared to sevoflurane, use of desflurane in neurosurgery is limited due to concerns about cerebral vasodilation and potential adverse haemodynamic effects. This study aims to systematically evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of desflurane and sevoflurane in neurosurgical procedures.

Methods:
A search was performed in the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Europe PMC and Medline databases for articles published until 5 November 2024 using a combination of pertinent keywords. This review includes randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that analyse the comparison between desflurane and sevoflurane in neurosurgery. The risk of bias from each RCT was assessed using the Risk of Bias version 2 tool from Cochrane Collaboration. We utilised random-effects models to evaluate the mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) for the outcomes presented.

Results:
Fourteen trials, encompassing 904 patients, were included in the analysis. Our analysis revealed significantly faster recovery profiles with desflurane, including reduced emergence time [MD -2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.99, -1.52, P < 0.00001, I
2 = 71%], extubation time (MD -3.02; 95% CI: -3.89, -2.15, P < 0.00001, I
2 = 79%) and overall recovery time (MD -3.26; 95% CI: -5.01, -1.51, P = 0.0003, I
2 = 83%), compared to sevoflurane. Desflurane was associated with better postoperative cognitive function, as evidenced by higher short orientation memory concentration test scores – a measure of attention and memory – at 15 min (MD: 2.26; 95% CI: 0.13, 4.39, P = 0.04, I
2 = 91%) and 60 min (MD: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.50, P = 0.005, I
2 = 0%) after extubation. We did not find any significant difference in the intra- and/or postoperative events, such as emergence agitation, nausea and vomiting, shivering, hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, pain and convulsions, between the two groups of intervention.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that desflurane anaesthesia offers faster recovery with a similar safety profile to sevoflurane for neurosurgery.
Effect of different regional anaesthesia techniques on postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Long Kun , Zhou Chengfu , Liang Jingqiu , Tang Xixi , Li Zhijian , Chen Qi 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
The optimal analgesia for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remains uncertain. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of various analgesic strategies for PCNL.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Ovid and EMBASE to identify all relevant randomised controlled trials published up to January 2024. Our review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024504578). The identified methods included erector spinae plane block (ESPB), paravertebral block (PVB), intercostal nerve block (ICNB), quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and local infiltration. Our primary outcomes consisted of 24-h cumulative opioid consumption and the time to first use of opioid medication postoperatively. Secondary outcomes encompassed pain scores at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively, as well as occurrences of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Results:
Overall, 27 trials met our inclusion criteria. QLB, PVB and ESPB demonstrated significant advantages in reducing 24-h postoperative opioid consumption and providing effective analgesia at all measured postoperative time points within 24 h, compared to the placebo group. However, there was no statistical difference between the three interventions. Similarly, there were no statistical differences in all outcomes between the ICNB and infiltration groups compared to the placebo group.

Conclusions:
ESPB, PVB and QLB offer significant analgesic benefits for PCNL compared to placebo, with no significant differences in efficacy among them. Due to limited evidence, ICNB and local infiltration were found not to be more effective than placebo.
Intrathecal magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for infraumbilical surgeries: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belal Mohamed Mohamed , Alazki Osama Mohammad , Bashir Mohamed Nabih , Sbitan Lana Yousef , Albelal Douaa , Albakkar Farah , Hafez Abdelrahmanh H. , Nabhan Ayman Issa 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Intrathecal anaesthesia is widely used for infraumbilical surgeries due to its effectiveness in providing pain relief during and after the operation. Adding magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to intrathecal local anaesthetics can prolong analgesia, reduce postoperative analgesic requirements and improve the management of shivering perioperatively. This review aims to investigate the use of intrathecal adjuvant MgSO4 for anaesthesia in infraumbilical surgeries.

Methods:
We performed a meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023432378) of trials, which included patients who underwent a variety of surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia with intrathecal MgSO4 as an adjuvant to spinal local anaesthetics. The analysed outcomes included sensory and motor effects and adverse effects. We presented dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI), while continuous outcomes were measured as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CI. We considered the results significant if the P value was < 0.05.

Results:
Thirty-two studies (2379 patients) were included. Adding intrathecal MgSO4 to bupivacaine significantly prolonged the time for regression of two segments from the maximum height (MD: 27.18 min; 95% CI: 12.56, 41.79; P = 0.0003), delayed the onset of sensory block to T10 (MD: 1.93 min; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.77; P < 0.0001), prolonged the duration of motor block (Bromage score = 0) (MD: 15.13 min; 95% CI: 4.59, 25.66; P = 0.005) and extended time for first rescue analgesia (MD: 43.80 min; 95% CI: 26.47, 61.14; P < 0.00001). No significant effect for MgSO4 on side effects was observed.

Conclusion:
Our review underscores intrathecal MgSO4’s benefits in prolonging block duration and improving pain management, but highlights significant heterogeneity, limiting the strength of these findings.
Effect of intraoperative fluid volume on postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adhikari Shreya Das , Gupta Nitin , Gupta Mukund , Nagesh Savan K. , Chaudhuri Souvik , Garg Rakesh 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
There is a lack of clear recommendations on fluid strategies in patients undergoing thoracic surgeries. The primary objective of this study was to compare the amount of intraoperative intravenous fluid (IVF) infused between those who developed postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and those who did not.

Methods:
All studies comparing PPCs in intraoperative restrictive versus liberal fluid therapies were included. Those studies where the average fluid infused was compared between PPC and the ‘no PPC’ groups were also included. The pooled mean difference in IVF between patients with and without PPC and the pooled risk ratio of PPC in restricted versus liberal fluid arms were calculated.

Results:
Articles from PubMed (n = 157), EMBASE (n = 724) and citation searching (n = 4) were included. After excluding duplicates, title–abstract screening for 759 articles and full-text screening for 24 articles were done. The mean fluid infused in the 11 included articles was significantly higher in those with PPC (mean difference: 1.51 ml/kg/h, P = 0.001). The pooled proportion of PPC in liberal fluid arms was higher than in restricted fluid arms [risk ratio = 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 1.02), P = 0.06]. There was high heterogeneity in both the meta-analyses.

Conclusion:
The meta-analysis showed that increased intraoperative IVF is associated with higher PPCs, and a restricted fluid strategy might be safer to reduce PPCs. However, since most studies were observational with a high risk of bias and high heterogeneity, well-conducted randomised controlled trials are needed to derive recommendations.
Impact of Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in idiopathic scoliosis of children: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Yalla Bharat , Garg Bhavuk , Khanna Puneet 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are widely adopted in various surgeries to improve outcomes and reduce length of stay (LOS). However, their cost-effectiveness in spine surgery for children is unclear.

Methods:
Studies comparing ERAS with conventional pathways for spinal surgery in children with idiopathic scoliosis were included after scrutiny of electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, and Embase), Google Scholar, preprint, and clinical trial databases after the protocol was enroled in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023418323).

Results:
Twenty-five studies, including 15,399 patients, were included. Patients in the ERAS group had a significant reduction in LOS by −1.68 days [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.88, −1.47; I2 = 96%), per-patient hospital cost by 3765.27 USD, as per 2023 valuation (95% CI: −5257.43, −2273.12, I2 = 99.96%), risk of complications (log-odds ratio: −0.85; 95% CI: −1.45, −0.27; I2 =50.4%), blood loss by 159.38 mL (95% CI: 121.8, 197.79, I2 = 95.02%), compared to the traditional protocol group. On multivariable meta-regression analyses, the LOS was not impacted by age (P = 0.382), duration of surgery (P = 0.289), preoperative Cobb’s angle (P = 0.405), and intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.525). The required information size estimated for a power of 95% based on the 30% reduction in the LOS, 50% relative risk reduction for complications, reduction of per patient hospital cost of USD 3500 as per 2023 valuation, and reduction of mean intraoperative blood loss of 100 mL were 8599, 904, 499, and 499 respectively, was achieved.

Conclusion:
ERAS protocols in children’s scoliosis surgeries significantly reduce treatment costs through decreased hospital stays, fewer complications, and less intraoperative blood loss.
Habit-induced oral lesions in different occupations: A comparative study among people between geographical different places of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Mukherjee Kasturi , Dash Kailash C. , Gangopadhyay Somnath 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Like general health, oral health also depends upon their occupational environment and occupational health policies. Workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and its harmful effect is well known. The consumption of tobacco, arecanut, and alcohol is the leading preventable cause for development of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Aim:
To determine prevalence of habit-induced oral lesions in different occupations in different geographical places of West Bengal and compare among them.

Method:
A total of 841 people aged 15 years and above were selected from different parts of West Bengal. Face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire, and oral cavity examination was done in daylight. Data were summarized, and statistical analysis was done.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test and univariate logistic regression done.

Results:
The people in armed forces had cancer-causing habits most, and managers had cancer-causing habits least. People in armed forces had cancer-causing habits most, and people with Group-1 occupation/managers had cancer-causing habits least.
Evidence based use of antibiotics in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis to prevent development of microbial resistance
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Longkumer Imsensenba , Sharma Mamta , Tripathi Shashank 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
It was thought that resistance acquired during treatment of systemic diseases can lead to resistant bacteria in eye infections. However, evidences are showing emergence of bacterial resistance owing to prior topical antibiotic usage. In the current study, we intended to promote evidence-based usage of antibiotics during outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Methods:
A descriptive study was designed. First 50 patients who visited the outpatient department of ophthalmology with signs and symptoms of EKC during the outbreak in the months of July-August, 2023 in a tertiary hospital in northern India were included in the study. Prior usage of topical antibiotics during this epidemic outbreak was the exclusion criteria. Conjunctival swabs were taken and subjected to Gram staining and Culture and sensitivity, for any bacterial infection.

Results:
Only two slides of gram stain showed gram-positive cocci. These two samples were positive for Methicillin resistant Staphylococcs Aureus (MRSA). Rest of the 48 samples were negative for any bacterial growth. P value for no growth in bacterial cultures was <0.05, which is significant.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests restrain from overusage of topical antibiotics in outbreaks of EKC until microbiological outcomes suggest otherwise. In view of presence of MRSA in neo-natal sample, and its known serious complications, we suggest prophylactic use of topical antibiotic and its modifications once reports of culture and sensitivity are available.