bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedload‐Bedrock Contrasts Form Enigmatic Low‐Relief Surfaces of the Pyrenees
Authors: Fox M. , Hoseason T. , Bernard T. , Sinclair H. , Smith A. G. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow‐relief, high‐elevation surfaces in mountain belts highlight the dynamic nature of landscapes and have provided evidence for changes in tectonics and/or climate. Yet quantifying when changes occurred from topographic data is challenging and relationships between erosion rate, lithology and precipitation are complex. In the Pyrenees, low‐relief, high elevation surfaces are found across both plutonic massifs and the surrounding softer rocks and channel steepness values are relatively uniform between these lithologies. This suggests a weak relationship between erosion rate and lithology despite a clear relationship between the drainage network configuration and the location of the plutonic rocks. We explore this conflicting evidence for strength of the relationship between lithology and erosion rate using a landscape evolution model which accounts for the contrast between bedrock and bedload erodibility. This contrast produces dispersed channel steepness values and predicts the in situ development of low‐relief surfaces, under steady forcing conditions.
Baseline Vector Repeatability at the Sub‐Millimeter Level Enabled by Radio Interferometer Phase Delays of Intra‐Site Baselines
Authors: Xu Ming H. , Savolainen Tuomas , Bolotin Sergei , Bernhart Simone , Plötz Christian , Haas Rüdiger , Varenius Eskil , Wang Guangli , McCallum Jamie , Heinkelmann Robert , Lunz Susanne , Schuh Harald , Zubko Nataliya , Kareinen Niko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report the results of position ties for short baselines at eight geodetic sites based on phase delays that are extracted from global geodetic very‐long‐baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations rather than dedicated short‐baseline experiments. An analysis of phase delay observables at X band from two antennas at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, Germany, extracted from 107 global 24‐hr VLBI sessions since 2019 yields weighted root‐mean‐square scatters about the mean baseline vector of 0.3, 0.3, and 0.8 mm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. Position ties are also obtained for other short baselines between legacy antennas and nearby, newly built antennas. They are critical for maintaining a consistent continuation of the realization of the terrestrial reference frame, especially when including the new VGOS network. The phase delays of the baseline WETTZ13N–WETTZELL enable an investigation of sources of error at the sub‐millimeter level. We found that a systematic variation of larger than 1 mm can be introduced to the Up estimates of this baseline vector when atmospheric delays were estimated. Although the sub‐millimeter repeatability has been achieved for the baseline vector WETTZ13N–WETTZELL, we conclude that long term monitoring should be conducted for more short baselines to assess the instrumental effects, in particular the systematic differences between phase delays and group delays, and to find common solutions for reducing them. This will be an important step toward the goal of global geodesy at the 1 mm level.
On the Role of Gravity in Dissolving Horizontal Fractures
Authors: Hu Ran , Li Kai , Zhou Chen‐Xing , Wang Ting , Yang Zhibing , Chen Yi‐Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFractures are ubiquitous in geological systems. As reactive fluid flow through a fracture, dissolution of the fracture walls may occur, thus altering the fracture aperture and increasing permeability. It has been recognized that gravity plays an important role in dissolving vertical fractures due to buoyancy‐driven convection. However, the role of gravity in dissolving horizontal fractures is not well understood. Here, we combine microfluidics/Hele‐Shaw experiments and a numerical method to study how the interplay of buoyancy‐driven convection and forced convection controls dissolution dynamics and permeability increase in horizontal fractures. We first develop the micro‐continuum approach by incorporating the gravitational effects, and then, we perform experiments to validate our method, confirming that the method can well capture gravitational effects on dissolution. Through 3D simulations, we find that buoyancy‐driven convection breaks the symmetry of dissolution on the upper and lower surfaces. We employ a symmetry index to identify three dissolution regimes. As the importance of gravity increases (Ri increases), the dissolution regime shifts from forced convection to mixed convection and to natural (or buoyancy‐driven) convection. We establish a link between these dissolution regimes and permeability evolution. In the forced convection or natural convection regimes, the permeability nearly remains unchanged for various Ri. However, in the mixed convection regime, permeability increase is suppressed by the gravitational effects; the underlying mechanism is that the solid phase tends to dissolve near the fracture inlet due to gravitational instability. This work improves our understanding of the gravitational effects on dissolution regimes and permeability evolution in horizontal fractures.
Eddy Covariance Data Reveal That a Small Freshwater Reservoir Emits a Substantial Amount of Carbon Dioxide and Methane
Authors: Hounshell Alexandria G. , D’Acunha Brenda M. , Breef‐Pilz Adrienne , Johnson Mark S. , Thomas R. Quinn , Carey Cayelan C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmall freshwater reservoirs are ubiquitous and likely play an important role in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets relative to their limited water surface area. However, constraining annual GHG fluxes in small freshwater reservoirs is challenging given their footprint area and spatially and temporally variable emissions. To quantify the GHG budget of a small (0.1 km2) reservoir, we deployed an Eddy covariance (EC) system in a small reservoir located in southwestern Virginia, USA over 2 years to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes near‐continuously. Fluxes were coupled with in situ sensors measuring multiple environmental parameters. Over both years, we found the reservoir to be a large source of CO2 (633–731 g CO2‐C m−2 yr−1) and CH4 (1.02–1.29 g CH4‐C m−2 yr−1) to the atmosphere, with substantial sub‐daily, daily, weekly, and seasonal timescales of variability. For example, fluxes were substantially greater during the summer thermally stratified season as compared to the winter. In addition, we observed significantly greater GHG fluxes during winter intermittent ice‐on conditions as compared to continuous ice‐on conditions, suggesting GHG emissions from lakes and reservoirs may increase with predicted decreases in winter ice‐cover. Finally, we identified several key environmental variables that may be driving reservoir GHG fluxes at multiple timescales, including, surface water temperature and thermocline depth followed by fluorescent dissolved organic matter. Overall, our novel year‐round EC data from a small reservoir indicate that these freshwater ecosystems likely contribute a substantial amount of CO2 and CH4 to global GHG budgets, relative to their surface area.
Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Hydroxylamine Concentrations in a Human‐Impacted Estuary Off Southeast China
Authors: Qi Mengting , Qian Wei , Sardans Jordi , Li Ye , Peñuelas Josep , Liu Min , Hou Lijun , Li Xiaofei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydroxylamine (NH2OH) is an important intermediate of nitrification and can contribute to nitrous oxide (N2O) production through abiotic and biotic pathways. NH2OH concentrations and associated biogeochemical controls in estuarine water and sediments remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated spatial and seasonal variability of NH2OH concentrations in water and sediments and determined the correlation between NH2OH and N2O in the Min River Estuary off southeast China. NH2OH concentrations in water and sediments ranged from 0.22 to 140 nmol N L−1 and from 0.17 to 9.22 μmol N kg−1, respectively. High differences in NH2OH concentrations between sediments and water could drive diffusion of NH2OH from sediments to water. NH2OH concentrations were significantly higher in warm than in cold seasons, suggesting that NH2OH production is highly dependent on temperature. Upper estuary (urban section) showed higher NH2OH concentrations in water and sediments, followed by lower and middle estuary. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were the major factors driving spatial and seasonal variability in NH2OH concentrations. Water dissolved N2O concentrations and air‐water N2O fluxes varied between 1.52 and 55.9 nmol N L−1 and between −57.7 and 78.7 nmol N m−2 h−1, respectively, with switches from net sinks in spring to net sources of N2O emissions in other seasons. Although N2O concentrations and fluxes were linearly correlated with water NH2OH concentrations, the contribution of NH2OH to N2O production could not be addressed. Therefore, the dynamics of NH2OH concentrations are a useful tool to assess potential production and consumption pathways of N2O in estuarine and coastal ecosystems.
Quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate booster vaccination in adolescents and adults: phase III randomized study
Authors: Zambrano Betzana , Peterson James , Deseda Carmen , Julien Katie , Spiegel Craig A. , Seyler Clifford , Simon Michael , Hoki Robert , Anderson Marc , Brabec Brad , Áñez Germán , Shi Jiayuan , Pan Judy , Hagenbach Audrey , Von Barbier Dalia , Varghese Kucku , Jordanov Emilia , Dhingra Mandeep Singh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of tetanus toxoid-conjugate quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACYW-TT), alone or co-administered with MenB vaccine, were assessed in healthy 13–25-year olds who received MenACYW-TT or a CRM-conjugate vaccine (MCV4-CRM) 3–6 years earlier.

Methods
This phase IIIb open-label trial (NCT04084769) evaluated MenACYW-TT-primed participants, randomized to receive MenACYW-TT alone or with a MenB vaccine, and MCV4-CRM-primed participants who received MenACYW-TT alone. Functional antibodies against serogroups A, C, W and Y were measured using human complement serum bactericidal antibody assay (hSBA). The primary endpoint was vaccine seroresponse (post-vaccination titers ≥1:16 if pre-vaccination titers <1:8; or a ≥4-fold increase if pre-vaccination titers ≥1:8) 30 days post booster. Safety was evaluated throughout the study.

Results
The persistence of the immune response following primary vaccination with MenACYW-TT was demonstrated. Seroresponse after MenACYW-TT booster was high regardless of priming vaccine (serogroup A: 94.8% vs 93.2%; C: 97.1% vs 98.9%; W: 97.7% vs 98.9%; and Y; 98.9% vs 100% for MenACWY-TT-primed and MCV4-CRM-primed groups, respectively). Co-administration with MenB vaccines did not affect MenACWY-TT immunogenicity. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
MenACYW-TT booster induced robust immunogenicity against all serogroups, regardless of the primary vaccine received, and had an acceptable safety profile.

Impact

A booster dose of MenACYW-TT induces robust immune responses in children and adolescents primed with MenACYW-TT or another MCV4 (MCV4-DT or MCV4-CRM), respectively.

Here, we demonstrate that MenACYW-TT booster 3–6 years after primary vaccination induced robust immunogenicity against all serogroups, regardless of the priming vaccine (MenACWY-TT or MCV4-CRM), and was well tolerated.

Persistence of the immune response following previous primary vaccination with MenACYW-TT was demonstrated.

MenACYW-TT booster with MenB vaccine co-administration did not affect MenACWY-TT immunogenicity and was well tolerated.

These findings will facilitate the provision of broader protection against IMD particularly in higher-risk groups such as adolescents.
Neonatal outcomes of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a prospective cohort study using active surveillance
Authors: Ali Shohaib , Mactier Helen , Morelli Alessandra , Hurd Madeleine , Placzek Anna , Knight Marian , Ladhani Shamez N. , Draper Elizabeth S. , Sharkey Don , Doherty Cora , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Quigley Maria A. , Gale Chris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Newborns may be affected by maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical course and short-term outcomes of babies admitted to a neonatal unit (NNU) following birth to a mother with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 7 days of birth.

Methods
This is a UK prospective cohort study; all NHS NNUs, 1 March 2020 to 31 August 2020. Cases were identified via British Paediatric Surveillance Unit with linkage to national obstetric surveillance data. Reporting clinicians completed data forms. Population data were extracted from the National Neonatal Research Database.

Results
A total of 111 NNU admissions (1.98 per 1000 of all NNU admissions) involved 2456 days of neonatal care (median 13 [IQR 5, 34] care days per admission). A total of 74 (67%) babies were preterm. In all, 76 (68%) received respiratory support; 30 were mechanically ventilated. Four term babies received therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Twenty-eight mothers received intensive care, with four dying of COVID-19. Eleven (10%) babies were SARS-CoV-2 positive. A total of 105 (95%) babies were discharged home; none of the three deaths before discharge was attributed to SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion
Babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection around the time of birth accounted for a low proportion of total NNU admissions over the first 6 months of the UK pandemic. Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 was uncommon.

Study registration
ISRCTN60033461; protocol available at http://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/pru-mnhc/research-themes/theme-4/covid-19.

Impact

Neonatal unit admissions of babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection comprised only a small proportion of total neonatal admissions in the first 6 months of the pandemic.

A high proportion of babies requiring neonatal admission who were born to mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were preterm and had neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or other conditions associated with long-term sequelae.

Adverse neonatal conditions were more common in babies whose SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers required intensive care compared to those whose SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers who did not.
LncRNA LOC105369504 inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer by regulating PSPC1
Authors: Zhan Ting , Cheng Xueting , Zhu Qingxi , Han Zheng , Zhu Kejing , Tan Jie , Liu Men , Chen Wei , Chen Xiaoli , Chen Xiaohong , Tian Xia , Huang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is growing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significant contributors to the epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the emergence, progression and metastasis of the colorectal cancer (CRC), but many remain underexplored. A novel lncRNA LOC105369504, was identified to be a potential functional lncRNA by microarray analysis. In CRC, the expression of LOC105369504 was markedly decreased and resulted in distinct variations in proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vivo and in vitro. This study showed that LOC105369504 bound to the protein of paraspeckles compound 1 (PSPC1) directly and regulated its stability using the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in CRC cells. The suppression of CRC by LOC105369504 could be reversed through PSPC1 overexpression.This study showed that in CRC, LOC105369504 was under-regulated and as a novel lncRNA, LOC105369504 exerted tumor suppressive activity to suppress the proliferation together with metastasis in CRC cells through the regulation of PSPC1. These results offer new perspectives on the lncRNA effect on the progression of CRC.
Biomechanics and neural circuits for vestibular-induced fine postural control in larval zebrafish
Authors: Sugioka Takumi , Tanimoto Masashi , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLand-walking vertebrates maintain a desirable posture by finely controlling muscles. It is unclear whether fish also finely control posture in the water. Here, we showed that larval zebrafish have fine posture control. When roll-tilted, fish recovered their upright posture using a reflex behavior, which was a slight body bend near the swim bladder. The vestibular-induced body bend produces a misalignment between gravity and buoyancy, generating a moment of force that recovers the upright posture. We identified the neural circuits for the reflex, including the vestibular nucleus (tangential nucleus) through reticulospinal neurons (neurons in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus) to the spinal cord, and finally to the posterior hypaxial muscles, a special class of muscles near the swim bladder. These results suggest that fish maintain a dorsal-up posture by frequently performing the body bend reflex and demonstrate that the reticulospinal pathway plays a critical role in fine postural control.
LYN kinase programs stromal fibroblasts to facilitate leukemic survival via regulation of c-JUN and THBS1
Authors: vom Stein Alexander F. , Rebollido-Rios Rocio , Lukas Anna , Koch Maximilian , von Lom Anton , Reinartz Sebastian , Bachurski Daniel , Rose France , Bozek Katarzyna , Abdallah Ali T. , Kohlhas Viktoria , Saggau Julia , Zölzer Rebekka , Zhao Yue , Bruns Christiane , Bröckelmann Paul J. , Lohneis Philipp , Büttner Reinhard , Häupl Björn , Oellerich Thomas , Nguyen Phuong-Hien , Hallek Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroenvironmental bystander cells are essential for the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have discovered previously that LYN kinase promotes the formation of a microenvironmental niche for CLL. Here we provide mechanistic evidence that LYN regulates the polarization of stromal fibroblasts to support leukemic progression. LYN is overexpressed in fibroblasts of lymph nodes of CLL patients. LYN-deficient stromal cells reduce CLL growth in vivo. LYN-deficient fibroblasts show markedly reduced leukemia feeding capacity in vitro. Multi-omics profiling reveals that LYN regulates the polarization of fibroblasts towards an inflammatory cancer-associated phenotype through modulation of cytokine secretion and extracellular matrix composition. Mechanistically, LYN deletion reduces inflammatory signaling including reduction of c-JUN expression, which in turn augments the expression of Thrombospondin-1, which binds to CD47 thereby impairing CLL viability. Together, our findings suggest that LYN is essential for rewiring fibroblasts towards a leukemia-supportive phenotype.
Different NIPBL requirements of cohesin-STAG1 and cohesin-STAG2
Authors: Alonso-Gil Dácil , Cuadrado Ana , Giménez-Llorente Daniel , Rodríguez-Corsino Miriam , Losada Ana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCohesin organizes the genome through the formation of chromatin loops. NIPBL activates cohesin’s ATPase and is essential for loop extrusion, but its requirement for cohesin loading is unclear. Here we have examined the effect of reducing NIPBL levels on the behavior of the two cohesin variants carrying STAG1 or STAG2 by combining a flow cytometry assay to measure chromatin-bound cohesin with analyses of its genome-wide distribution and genome contacts. We show that NIPBL depletion results in increased cohesin-STAG1 on chromatin that further accumulates at CTCF positions while cohesin-STAG2 diminishes genome-wide. Our data are consistent with a model in which NIPBL may not be required for chromatin association of cohesin but it is for loop extrusion, which in turn facilitates stabilization of cohesin-STAG2 at CTCF positions after being loaded elsewhere. In contrast, cohesin-STAG1 binds chromatin and becomes stabilized at CTCF sites even under low NIPBL levels, but genome folding is severely impaired.
Beta variant COVID-19 protein booster vaccine elicits durable cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants in non-human primates
Authors: Pavot Vincent , Berry Catherine , Kishko Michael , Anosova Natalie G. , Li Lu , Tibbitts Tim , Huang Dean , Raillard Alice , Gautheron Sylviane , Gutzeit Cindy , Koutsoukos Marguerite , Chicz Roman M. , Lecouturier Valerie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, despite the implementation of booster vaccination, has raised questions about the durability of protection conferred by current vaccines. Vaccine boosters that can induce broader and more durable immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. We recently reported that our Beta-containing protein-based SARS-CoV-2 spike booster vaccine candidates with AS03 adjuvant (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03) elicited robust cross-neutralizing antibody responses at early timepoints against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in macaques primed with mRNA or protein-based subunit vaccine candidates. Here we demonstrate that the monovalent Beta vaccine with AS03 adjuvant induces durable cross-neutralizing antibody responses against the prototype strain D614G as well as variants Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (BA.1 and BA.4/5) and SARS-CoV-1, that are still detectable in all macaques 6 months post-booster. We also describe the induction of consistent and robust memory B cell responses, independent of the levels measured post-primary immunization. These data suggest that a booster dose with a monovalent Beta CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 vaccine can induce robust and durable cross-neutralizing responses against a broad spectrum of variants.
Multiphoton excited singlet/triplet mixed self-trapped exciton emission
Authors: Zhou Rui , Sui Laizhi , Liu Xinbao , Liu Kaikai , Guo Dengyang , Zhao Wenbo , Song Shiyu , Lv Chaofan , Chen Shu , Jiang Tianci , Cheng Zhe , Meng Sheng , Shan Chongxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiphoton excited luminescence is of paramount importance in the field of optical detection and biological photonics. Self-trapped exciton (STE) emission with self-absorption-free advantages provide a choice for multiphoton excited luminescence. Herein, multiphoton excited singlet/triplet mixed STE emission with a large full width at half-maximum (617 meV) and Stokes shift (1.29 eV) has been demonstrated in single-crystalline ZnO nanocrystals. Temperature dependent steady state, transient state and time-resolved electron spin resonance spectra demonstrate a mixture of singlet (63%) and triplet (37%) mixed STE emission, which contributes to a high photoluminescence quantum yield (60.5%). First-principles calculations suggest 48.34 meV energy per exciton stored by phonons in the distorted lattice of excited states, and 58 meV singlet-triplet splitting energy for the nanocrystals being consistent with the experimental measurements. The model clarifies long and controversial debates on ZnO emission in visible region, and the multiphoton excited singlet/triplet mixed STE emission is also observed.