bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of the FIT in detecting advanced neoplasm is highest in young people aged 40 to 49 years: an analysis based on sex and age
Authors: Zhao Kailong , Wang Shuyuan , Yuan Zhen , Pang Wenwen , Yan Suying , Liu Xinyu , Wang Wanting , Yi Ben , Han Qiurong , Yao Yao , Liu Yanfei , Chu Tianhao , Feng Zhiqiang , Zhang Qinghuai , Zhang Xipeng , Zhang Chunze 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and is associated with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. CRC has caused a tremendous loss of human health and wealth. The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma are increasing in young adults. Early cancer detection and prevention are made possible through screening. At present, the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a noninvasive method that can be used for the large-scale clinical screening of CRC status. Therefore, this study, based on CRC screening results in Tianjin from 2012 to 2020, was conducted to analyse the major differences in diagnostic performance parameters according to sex and age.

Methods
This study was based on 39,991 colonoscopies performed for individuals in the Tianjin CRC screening program from 2012 to 2020. Of these individuals, they had complete FIT and colonoscopy results. The differences in FIT results were analysed by sex and age.

Results
According to this study, males were generally more likely to develop advanced neoplasms (ANs) than females, and the prevalence increased with age. Males with negative FIT results were more likely to have advanced neoplasms than females with positive results. The accuracy of the FIT in detecting ANs in each age group was 54.9%, 45.5%, 48.6% and 49.5% in the 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥ 70 age groups, respectively.

Conclusions
The FIT detected ANs with highest accuracy in the 40–49 age group. Our research can provide guidance to formulate CRC screening strategies.
A Population-Based Cohort Study on Efficacy and Safety of Bariatric Surgery in Young Adults Versus Adults
Authors: van de Pas Kelly G. H. , Esfandiyari Noushi Aliyar , Janssen Loes , Vreugdenhil Anita C. E. , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , van Dielen François M. H. ,   Dutch Audit for Treatment of Obesity Research Group, van Acker G. J. D. , Apers J. A. , Berends F. , de Brauw L. M. , Bruinsma F. F. E. , de Castro S. M. M. , Damen S. L. , Jonker F. , Faneyte I. F. , Greve J. W. M. , van ’t Hof G. , Klaassen R. A. , Lagae E. A. G. L. , Langenhoff B. S. , Liem R. S. L. , Luijten A. A. P. M. , Nienhuijs S. W. , Smeenk R. M. , Smeets S. J. M. , Vening W. , Wiezer M. J. , de Witte E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric surgery is the most effective
treatment for severe obesity in adults and has shown promising results in young adults. Lack of insight regarding efficacy and safety outcomes might result in delayed bariatric surgery utilization in young adults. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bariatric surgery in young adults compared to adults.

Methods
This is a nationwide population-based cohort study utilizing data from the Dutch Audit Treatment of Obesity (DATO). Young adults (aged 18–25 years) and adults (aged 35–55 years) who underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) were included. Primary outcome was percentage total weight loss (%TWL) until five years postoperatively.

Results
A total of 2,822 (10.3%) young adults and 24,497 (89.7%) adults were included. The follow-up rates of the young adults were lower up to five years postoperatively (46.2% versus 56.7% three years postoperatively; p < 0.001). Young adults who underwent RYGB showed superior %TWL compared to adults until four years postoperatively (33.0 ± 9.4 versus 31.2 ± 8.7 three years after surgery; p < 0.001). Young adults who underwent SG showed superior %TWL until five years postoperatively (29.9 ± 10.9 versus 26.2 ± 9.7 three years after surgery; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications ≤ 30 days were more prevalent among adults, 5.3% versus 3.5% (p < 0.001). No differences were found in the long term complications. Young adults revealed more improvement of hypertension (93.6% versus 78.9%), dyslipidemia (84.7% versus 69.2%) and musculoskeletal pain (84.6% versus 72.3%).

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery appears to be at least as safe and effective in young adults as in adults. Based on these findings the reluctance towards bariatric surgery in the younger age group seems unfounded.

Graphical Abstract
Lernen, Arbeiten, Leben
Authors: Beierle Sarah 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag behandelt die Frage, wie junge Menschen in der beruflichen Ausbildung ihre veränderten Alltagswelten wahrnehmen. Anhand von zwölf explorativen qualitativen Interviews wurden Herausforderungen und Lernerfahrungen sowie der Einfluss auf die Freizeitgestaltung der Befragten herausgearbeitet. Dabei wurden auch die Auswirkungen der Kontaktbeschränkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie, welche die Ausbildung der Befragten gänzlich begleitete, berücksichtigt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden Hinweise abgeleitet, wie Auszubildende über die Vermittlung von fachlichem Wissen hinaus unterstützt werden können.
Effects of Land Use Changes Across Different Urbanization Periods on Summer Rainfall in the Pearl River Delta Core Area
Authors: Yao Zhijun , Huang Guoru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the three urban agglomerations in China that have experienced rapid development. For this study, a core area of the PRD was identified, comprising the highly urbanized areas of Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, and Dongguan Cities. The expansion of these urban areas was tracked across three time periods—the year population urbanization rate exceeded 70% (2000), 18 years before (1982), and 18 years after (2018). This study used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to explore summer rainfall changes across different urbanization periods in the PRD core area. The results show that urban land expansion mainly occurred in the post urbanization period. Rainfall changes across different urbanization periods were roughly consistent with previously observed spatial and temporal changes accompanying urban expansion in the PRD core area. Extreme rainfall mainly increased in the post urbanization period, shifting rainstorm center towards the PRD core area. Further causal analysis revealed that land use changes affected rainfall by altering thermodynamics and water vapor transfer. The urban expansion changed the surface energy balance, resulting in increased surface heating and heat island effects. The heat island effects thickened the planetary boundary layer and increased vertical wind speeds, which initiated dry island effects, thereby causing more water vapor transportation to the atmosphere. Consequently, rainstorms and extreme rainfall events have become concentrated in urban areas.
Comparative analysis of residential building envelopes newly implementing the building insulation code in Damascus
Authors: Khaddour L. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe selection of envelope construction technique has the highest impact on sustaining indoor thermal comfort while reducing energy consumed for heating and cooling. Numerous insulation codes are implemented worldwide to improve building envelope modification. Each country has set envelope transmittances criteria, materials, techniques and simulation tools differently based on its climate zones and construction sector adaptability. The housing sector in Syria is the focus of energy conservation being responsible of half of the energy consumption in the country. Syrian post-conflict residential buildings are challenged by the new implementation of Building Insulation Code. This code has opted for a “fabric first” dwellings design approach with mandatory U-value standards. Hence, like many energy-related regulations in Syria it has been dropped because the construction sector has not been able to cope with them, forced by speculators to keep costs low. Another reason is that building thermal performance modeling has not been used to comply with the new insulation code in Syria. The research aims to examine the potential relevance of the Insulation Code in informing post-war social housing envelope structures in Damascus. It evaluates compliant building envelope structures compared to conventional building in terms of transmittance properties, simulated thermal loads (IESVE) and cost–energy trade-off. The research findings reveal an improvement in U-values of 78.5%, 31.5%, 92.7% and 90.2% achieved in compliant cases 1, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, compared to conventional case-2. The simulation demonstrated best improvement in total heating loads up to 85% achieved in case-4. Hence, the improved U-value lead to improvement in winter heating loads but overheating in summertime. The simulation was found useful but not enough to optimize envelope performance through interdisciplinary decision that contributes positively to Syrian post-war circumstances. The cost analysis found an increase in wall initial construction costs, amounting to 36.4%, 27.3%, 54.6% and 45.5% in cases 1, 3, 4 and 5 with long payback periods. These findings spark a new agenda for Insulation Code improvement. The proposed simplified criteria offer practitioners more understanding to customize their own list of envelope structure parameters based on the climatic zone resulting in a shift in envelope selection from input to a more output oriented.
Defending the de dicto approach to the non-identity problem
Authors: Räsänen Joona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIs it wrong to create a blind child, for example by in vitro fertilization, if you could create a sighted child instead? Intuitively many people believe it is wrong, but this belief is difficult to justify. When there is a possibility to create and select either ‘blind’ or ‘sighted’ embryos choosing a set of ‘blind’ embryos seems to harm no-one since choosing ‘sighted’ embryos would create a different child altogether. So when the parents choose ‘blind’ embryos, they give some specific individual a life that is the only option for her. Because her life is worth living (as blind peoples’ lives are), the parents have not wronged the child by creating her. This is the reasoning behind the famous non-identity problem. I suggest that the non-identity problem is based on a misunderstanding. I claim that when choosing a ‘blind’ embryo, prospective parents harm ‘their child’, whoever she or he will be. Put another way: parents harm their child in the de dicto sense and that is morally wrong.
COVID-19, absence from work and coping strategies with income loss in Bangladesh
Authors: Tijdens Kea , van Klaveren Maarten , Adib Ahmed , Ceccon Daniela , Chowdhury Tahreen Tahrima 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHas workplace closure due to lockdown policies to control the spread of COVID-19 affected workplace hygiene, absenteeism, income loss and coping strategies in Bangladesh? Drawing on face-to-face interviews of 1,894 employees in tea, construction, ready-made garment (RMG) and leather sectors in September–October 2020, the study shows poor supply of disinfectant and sanitizer. Absenteeism was high in April 2020 in all sectors except tea but dropped later on. Two in three workers reported income losses, due to workplace closure. 20% of workers with reduced wages received governmental food distribution and 4% cash assistance, pointing to poor implementation and rise in poverty.
Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite South African Cricketers: A Descriptive Analysis of Injury Surveillance Data
Authors: Olivier Benita , Naude Jaco , Mnguni Nkazimulo , Thotse Mmathapelo , Phalandwa Prudence , Ferrao Paulo , Saragas Nikiforos P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Injury surveillance is an important part of injury risk reduction in the sporting population. This study describes the type, side (dominant or non-dominant), occurrence, impact, activity of onset, and severity of foot and ankle injuries in elite South African male and female cricketers.

Methods
Foot and ankle injuries sustained by elite cricket players between 2018 and 2021, obtained from the records of Cricket South Africa, were descriptively analysed.

Results
A total of 104 foot and ankle injuries in 82 players were recorded. The majority (n = 100; 96%) of injuries were on the non-dominant side. Bowling (n = 31; 30%) and fielding (n = 20; 19%) contributed to most injuries. The majority were first-time (n = 83; 80%) and non-impact injuries (n = 62; 60%). Fifty percent (n = 52) of injuries rendered players unable to participate in at least one match or practice session. Lateral ankle ligament injury was the most common injury sustained (n = 36; 35%).

Conclusion
The findings from this study can inform future researchers and assist healthcare service needs relating to injury risk reduction and management programmes. Effective rehabilitation programmes may reduce the risk of reinjury. Ideally, these programmes need to be role specific.
Ordering and ageing properties of developed sequential order statistics governed by the Archimedean copula
Authors: Sahoo Tanmay , Hazra Nil Kamal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloped sequential order statistics (DSOS) are very useful in modeling the lifetimes of systems with dependent components, where the failure of one component affects the performance of remaining surviving components. We study some stochastic comparison results for DSOS in both one-sample and two-sample scenarios. Furthermore, we study various ageing properties of DSOS. We state many useful results for generalized order statistics as well as ordinary order statistics with dependent random variables. At the end, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed results.
The glass half-full or half-empty: a within-subject comparison of solution-focused versus problem-focused client descriptions on therapist emotions and hope for treatment
Authors: Geschwind Nicole , Dunn Barnaby D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:Intake assessments vary in their focus on strengths and solutions compared with problems. They provide therapists with first impressions of their clients. Research shows that first impressions may have strong and lasting effects.Aims:To compare how solution- versus problem-focused case descriptions influence therapists’ emotions and initial expectations for successfully working with a client.Methods:Vignettes describing clients were manipulated to focus either on solutions and strengths, or on problems. In a within-subject experimental design, 33 (Sample 1) and 29 (Sample 2) trainee therapists each read four case descriptions (two solution-focused and two problem-focused vignettes; order fully counterbalanced). After each vignette, participants rated their affect and expectations for successfully working with the client.Results:In both samples, solution-focused vignettes were associated with significantly higher levels of positive affect and positive expectations for treatment, and with significantly lower levels of negative affect, compared with problem-focused vignettes. Effect size differences between conditions were generally large (Cohen’s d between .63 and 1.22).Conclusions:Focusing on clients’ goals, their strengths, and actively highlighting better moments and areas of problem-free functioning may increase therapists’ positive emotions and their hope for clients’ successful treatment. A next step is to examine the degree to which these positive short-term effects are, in turn, predictive of better clinical outcomes in therapy. Future research could additionally examine whether supporting therapists to frame clients’ initial assessments in solution-focused ways may be one way to contribute to workforce well-being.
Surrogate‐Model Assisted Plausibility‐Check, Calibration, and Posterior‐Distribution Evaluation of Subsurface‐Flow Models
Authors: Allgeier Jonas , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModern physics‐based subsurface‐flow models often require many parameters and computationally costly simulations. This prohibits traditional ensemble‐based conditioning. We expedite the calibration of such models by using surrogate/proxy models based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). In an iterative procedure, we use the proxy models to (a) estimate the direction of steepest descent, (b) propose only parameter combinations for full‐model runs that are likely to lead to plausible results, and (c) preselect proposed parameter combinations by their predicted performance. This method yields an ensemble of full‐model runs covering the full plausible parameter space, but at higher resolution close to the optimum. This is the basis for Markov‐Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations using GPR to estimate the posterior parameter distribution. We tested several variants of the scheme on a 3‐D variably‐saturated steady‐state subsurface‐flow model and compared it to a Neural Posterior Estimation (NPE) scheme, which requires samples of the prior distribution only. While the estimated posterior distributions of the two approaches were similar, the GPR‐based MCMC approach reproduced the data better than samples from the NPE‐based posterior distributions.
Light people: Prof. Evelyn Hu’s adventure: from semiconductors to quantum – from industry to academia
Authors: Wan Yating , Guo Chenzi 
Published: June 2023

EditorialAs part of our Light People series, we are delighted to have invited Prof. Evelyn Hu, a highly accomplished scientist from Harvard University, to share with us her personal journey. Prof. Hu’s remarkable contributions in both academia and industry have taken her from industry giants to academia’s most prestigious institutions, traversing various research frontiers that have played a critical role in the ongoing digital revolution. Through this interview, we aim to offer the Light community valuable insights into nanophotonics, quantum engineering, and Prof. Hu’s research methodology and life philosophy, while also celebrating her outstanding achievements as a female role model. Ultimately, our goal is to inspire more women to pursue careers in this important and rapidly expanding field, which has a profound impact on all sectors of society. The following is a summary of an interview with Professor Evelyn Hu, available in the Supplementary Information.
Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease
Authors: Silvin Aymeric , Qian Jiawen , Ginhoux Florent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBrain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space, and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease conditions. The vast heterogeneity of these cells has been elucidated over the last decade using revolutionary multiomics technologies. As such, we can now start to define these various macrophage populations according to their ontogeny and their diverse functional programs during brain development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we first outline the critical roles played by brain macrophages during development and healthy aging. We then discuss how brain macrophages might undergo reprogramming and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, and glioma. Finally, we speculate about the most recent and ongoing discoveries that are prompting translational attempts to leverage brain macrophages as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for diseases that affect the brain.
The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 is a ΔNp63 target gene modulating epidermal differentiation
Authors: Fierro Claudia , Gatti Veronica , La Banca Veronica , De Domenico Sara , Scalera Stefano , Corleone Giacomo , Fanciulli Maurizio , De Nicola Francesca , Mauriello Alessandro , Montanaro Manuela , Calin George A. , Melino Gerry , Peschiaroli Angelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe transcription factor ΔNp63 regulates epithelial stem cell function and maintains the integrity of stratified epithelial tissues by acting as transcriptional repressor or activator towards a distinct subset of protein-coding genes and microRNAs. However, our knowledge of the functional link between ∆Np63 transcriptional activity and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression is quite limited. Here, we show that in proliferating human keratinocytes ∆Np63 represses the expression of the lncRNA NEAT1 by recruiting the histone deacetylase HDAC1 to the proximal promoter of NEAT1 genomic locus. Upon induction of differentiation, ∆Np63 down-regulation is associated by a marked increase of NEAT1 RNA levels, resulting in an increased assembly of paraspeckles foci both in vitro and in human skin tissues. RNA-seq analysis associated with global DNA binding profile (ChIRP-seq) revealed that NEAT1 associates with the promoter of key epithelial transcription factors sustaining their expression during epidermal differentiation. These molecular events might explain the inability of NEAT1-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the proper formation of epidermal layers. Collectively, these data uncover the lncRNA NEAT1 as an additional player of the intricate network orchestrating epidermal morphogenesis.
Integrated halide perovskite photoelectrochemical cells with solar-driven water-splitting efficiency of 20.8%
Authors: Fehr Austin M. K. , Agrawal Ayush , Mandani Faiz , Conrad Christian L. , Jiang Qi , Park So Yeon , Alley Olivia , Li Bor , Sidhik Siraj , Metcalf Isaac , Botello Christopher , Young James L. , Even Jacky , Blancon Jean Christophe , Deutsch Todd G. , Zhu Kai , Albrecht Steve , Toma Francesca M. , Wong Michael , Mohite Aditya D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAchieving high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency concomitant with long-term durability using low-cost, scalable photo-absorbers is a long-standing challenge. Here we report the design and fabrication of a conductive adhesive-barrier (CAB) that translates >99% of photoelectric power to chemical reactions. The CAB enables halide perovskite-based photoelectrochemical cells with two different architectures that exhibit record STH efficiencies. The first, a co-planar photocathode-photoanode architecture, achieved an STH efficiency of 13.4% and 16.3 h to t60, solely limited by the hygroscopic hole transport layer in the n-i-p device. The second was formed using a monolithic stacked silicon-perovskite tandem, with a peak STH efficiency of 20.8% and 102 h of continuous operation before t60 under AM 1.5G illumination. These advances will lead to efficient, durable, and low-cost solar-driven water-splitting technology with multifunctional barriers.
Coexisting ecotypes in long-term evolution emerged from interacting trade-offs
Authors: Mukherjee Avik , Ealy Jade , Huang Yanqing , Benites Nina Catherine , Polk Mark , Basan Markus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvolution of complex communities of coexisting microbes remains poorly understood. The long-term evolution experiment on Escherichia coli (LTEE) revealed the spontaneous emergence of stable coexistence of multiple ecotypes, which persisted for more than 14,000 generations of continuous evolution. Here, using a combination of experiments and computer simulations, we show that the emergence and persistence of this phenomenon can be explained by the combination of two interacting trade-offs, rooted in biochemical constraints: First, faster growth is enabled by higher fermentation and obligate acetate excretion. Second, faster growth results in longer lag times when utilizing acetate after glucose is depleted. This combination creates an ecological niche for a slower-growing ecotype, specialized in switching to acetate. These findings demonstrate that trade-offs can give rise to surprisingly complex communities with evolutionarily stable coexistence of multiple variants in even the simplest environments.