bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the combined influence of Reynolds number and cylinder spacing for flow around a row of heated square cylinders
Authors: Patil Ravibala A. , Nandgaonkar Milankumar R. , Sewatkar Chandrashekhar M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of forced convection heat transfer across a row of heated square cylinders kept in side‐by‐side arrangement are numerically investigated to examine the combined effects of Reynolds number and cylinder spacing forRi = 0, 60 ≤ Re ≤ 160,Pr = .71, ands/d = 1.0–8.0, where the space between cylinder surfaces issand the cylinder size isd. A numerical study was carried out using the thermal lattice Boltzmann method. The goal of this work is to explore the transitions in heat transfer phenomenon that occurs behind the cylinder and to report the corresponding regimes for heat transfer namely synchronous, quasiperiodic, and chaotic. The proposed regime of heat flow is a function of Reynolds number and spacing. The synchronous heat regime is obtained fors/d ≥ 5.0 and quasiperiodic, chaotic regimes are observed for 3.0 ≤ s/d < 5.0,s/d < 3.0, respectively atRe = 100. The instantaneous isotherms, the power spectra of the corresponding Nusselt number signals, and the significance of cylinder Nusselt number frequency are used to examine these heat flow regimes. The heat transfer regimes for a row of heated cylinders and flow regimes for a row of unheated cylinders both have comparable appearances except for the fact that the heat transfer regime is synchronous ats/d ≥ 5.0 and flow is synchronous ats/d ≥ 4.0. The chaotic or quasiperiodic heat transfer regimes occur due to merging and strong interactions between thermal blobs shed from the cylinders. Heat transfer is synchronous at a higher spacing and characterized by independent thermal blobs shedded from the cylinders. It is reported that as spacing reduces and Reynolds number increases, the mean value of the Nusselt number experienced by all cylinders increases. The important outcome of the present numerical work is that for understanding heat transfer from bluff body, the transitions that occur in heat transfer are useful.
Diagnosing and treating appendicitis in rabbits
Authors: Charrasse Mathilde , Huynh Minh 
Published: June 2023

Background: Appendicitis in rabbits is rarely described but is part of the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders in rabbits, and should be suspected as a priority in cases of hyperthermia. Imaging such as ultrasound or CT scan are essential for the diagnosis and should be included systematically in the exploration of gastrointestinal stasis syndrome. Treatment of such cases can be medical and/or surgical. It is important that practitioners understand the pathology, know when to suspect it and that they are able to select appropriate diagnostics to guide therapeutic management of these cases.Aim of the article: This article reviews cases of appendicitis in rabbits described in the literature and provides clinicians with the most up‐to‐date information on this condition.
Advanced flow cytometry for biomedical applications
Authors: Pang Kai , Dong Sihan , Zhu Yuxi , Zhu Xi , Zhou Quanyu , Gu Bobo , Jin Wei , Zhang Rui , Fu Yuting , Yu Bingchen , Sun Da , Duanmu Zheng , Wei Xunbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlow cytometry (FC) is a versatile tool with excellent capabilities to detect and measure multiple characteristics of a population of cells or particles. Notable advancements in in vivo photoacoustic FC, coherent Raman FC, microfluidic FC, and so on, have been achieved in the last two decades, which endows FC with new functions and expands its applications in basic research and clinical practice. Advanced FC broadens the tools available to researchers to conduct research involving cancer detection, microbiology (COVID‐19, HIV, bacteria, etc.), and nucleic acid analysis. This review presents an overall picture of advanced flow cytometers and provides not only a clear understanding of their mechanisms but also new insights into their practical applications. We identify the latest trends in this area and aim to raise awareness of advanced techniques of FC. We hope this review expands the applications of FC and accelerates its clinical translation.
Combination of fusion guided multiparametric MRI—transrectal US with systematic biopsy of the prostate for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: A prospective single‐center study
Authors: Agrotis Georgios , Tsougos Ioannis , Oikonomou Athanasios , Vassiou Katerina , Karatzas Anastasios , Tamposis Ioannis , Fanariotis Michalis , Vamvakas Alexandros , Tzortzis Vasilis , Vlychou Marianna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the diagnostic efficacy of fusion guided multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)—transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy versus systematic biopsy of the prostate in patients with suspicion of prostate cancer.MethodsA total of 185 patients with PI‐RADS 3 lesions or higher underwent fusion guided targeted and systematic prostate biopsy. Histology of samples was correlated with PI‐RADS score and biopsy method for each patient.ResultsA total of 81/185 (43.8%) cases positive for cancer were detected; 23/81 (28.4%) cases with clinically insignificant prostate cancer—insPCa and 58/81 (71.6%) cases with clinically significant prostate cancer—csPCa. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall detection of adenocarcinomas between methods (p = .035, McNemar test). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the detection of insPCa between the two methods (p = .004, McNemar test). Systematic biopsy detected 13 patients with insPCa more (14.4%) than the targeted biopsy method. However, there is no statistical difference in the detection rate of csPCa between the two methods (p = 1, McNemar test). When both techniques were combined more cases of csPCa were detected.ConclusionThe combined implementation of fusion‐guided targeted mpMRI–TRUS and systematic biopsy of the prostate provides higher detection number of csPCa, compared to each method alone. The potential of fusion‐guided mpMRI‐TRUS biopsy of the prostate needs to be further assessed since each method has its limitations; therefore, systematic prostate biopsy still plays an important role in clinical practice.
Machine learning prediction model for treatment responders in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Kimura Naruhiro , Takahashi Kazuya , Setsu Toru , Goto Shu , Miida Suguru , Takeda Nobutaka , Kojima Yuichi , Arao Yoshihisa , Hayashi Kazunao , Sakai Norihiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Abe Hiroyuki , Kamimura Hiroteru , Sakamaki Akira , Yokoo Takeshi , Kamimura Kenya , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Terai Shuji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment response to ursodeoxycholic acid may predict the prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Recent studies have suggested the benefits of using machine learning (ML) to forecast complex medical predictions. We aimed to predict treatment response in patients with PBC using ML and pretreatment data.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study and collected data from 194 patients with PBC who were followed up for at least 12 months after treatment initiation. Patient data were analyzed with five ML models, namely random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), decision tree, naïve Bayes, or logistic regression, to predict treatment response using the Paris II criteria. The established models were assessed using an out‐of‐sample validation. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of each algorithm. Overall survival and liver‐related deaths were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsCompared to logistic regression (AUC = 0.595, P = 0.0219, 0.031 models), ML analyses showed significantly high AUC in the random forest (AUC = 0.84) and XGB (AUC = 0.83) models; however, the AUC was not significantly high for decision tree (AUC = 0.633) or naïve Bayes (AUC = 0.584) models. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly improved prognoses in patients predicted to achieve the Paris II criteria by XGB (log‐rank = 0.005 and 0.007).ConclusionML algorithms could improve treatment response prediction using pretreatment data, which could lead to better prognoses. In addition, the ML model using XGB could predict the prognosis of patients before treatment initiation.
“If they had a place to live, they would be taking medication”: a qualitative study identifying strategies for engaging street‐connected young people in the HIV prevention‐care continuum in Kenya
Authors: Embleton Lonnie , Shah Pooja , Apondi Edith , Ayuku David , Braitstein Paula 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionStreet‐connected young people (SCY) experience structural and social barriers to engaging in the HIV prevention‐care continuum. We sought to elicit recommendations for interventions that may improve SCY's engagement along the HIV prevention‐care continuum from healthcare providers, policymakers, community members and SCY in Kenya.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in Uasin Gishu, Trans Nzoia, Bungoma, Nakuru and Kitale counties in Kenya between May 2017 and September 2018 to explore and describe the public perceptions of, and proposed and existing responses to, the phenomenon of SCY. This secondary analysis focuses on a subset of data interviews that investigated SCY's healthcare needs in relation to HIV prevention and care. We conducted 41 in‐depth interviews and seven focus group discussions with 100 participants, of which 43 were SCY. In total, 48 participants were women and 52 men.ResultsOur analysis resulted in four major themes corresponding to stages in the HIV prevention‐care continuum for key populations. We identified the need for an array of strategies to engage SCY in HIV prevention and testing services that are patient‐centred and responsive to the diversity of their circumstances. The use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis was a biomedical prevention strategy that SCY and healthcare providers alike stressed the need to raise awareness around and access to for SCY. Several healthcare providers suggested peer‐based approaches for engaging SCY throughout the continuum. However, SCY heavily debated the appropriateness of using peer‐based methods. Structural interventions, such as the provision of food and housing, were suggested as strategies to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence.ConclusionsThis study identified contextually relevant interventions that should be adapted and piloted for use with SCY. Education and sensitization of SCY and healthcare providers alike were identified as possible strategies, along with affordable housing and anti‐poverty strategies as cash transfers and provision of food. Peer‐based interventions are a clear option but require SCY‐specific adaptation to be implemented effectively.
Low power 10T phase and frequency detector for high frequency phase locked loop
Authors: Rajalingam Prithiviraj , Srinivasan Balaji , Jayakumar Selvakumar , Routray Soumyaranjan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe high‐frequency circuits used in communication systems significantly depend on the functioning of the Phase‐Locked Loop (PLL). The power consumption is traded with the performance in the high‐frequency PLL. The proposed robust Phase and Frequency Detector (PFD) has multiple benefits of low‐power and reliable functioning at high frequency. The PFD highly contributes to the stable performance of the PLL, and this work proposes a 10T PFD for low‐power. The proposed PFD employs Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) logic based D‐flip flop and the pass transistor logic in the reset path to reduce power consumption. The PFD uses only 10 transistors, enabling a faster reset path and consuming less power at high frequencies. The 10T PFD was designed using 90 nm CMOS PDKs and simulated using CADENCE Specter for functional verification and performance analysis. The 10T PFD achieved a reset time of 61.4 ps at 3 GHz alongside a power consumption of 189.2 nW. Also, the overall power consumption of PLL using the proposed PFD at 3 GHz was demonstrating the effectiveness of 10T PFD over other conventional PFDs.
Detection of early bruises on apples using hyperspectral reflectance imaging coupled with optimal wavelengths selection and improved watershed segmentation algorithm
Authors: Tian Xi , Liu Xuefeng , He Xin , Zhang Chi , Li Jiangbo , Huang Wenqian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBruises caused by mechanical collision during the harvesting and storage and transportation period are difficult to detect using traditional machine vision technologies because there is no obvious difference in appearance between bruised and sound tissues. As a result of its fast and non‐destructive characteristics, hyperspectral imaging technology is a potential tool for non‐destructive detection of fruit surface defects.RESULTSIn the present study, visible near infrared hyperspectral reflectance images of healthy apples and bruised apples at 6, 12 and 24 h were obtained. To reduce hyperspectral data dimension, optimal wavelength selection algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratio methods were utilized to select the effective wavelengths and enhance the contrast between bruised and sound tissues. Then pseudo‐color image transformation technology combining with improved watershed segmentation algorithm (IWSA) were employed to recognize the bruise spots. The result obtained showed that band ratio images obtained better detection performance than that of PCA. The G component derived from pseudo‐color image of followed by IWSA obtained the best segmentation performance for bruise spots. Finally, a multispectral imaging system for the detection of bruised apple was developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed two‐band ratio algorithm, obtaining recognition rates of 93.3%, 92.2% and 92.5% for healthy, bruised and overall apples, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe bruise detection algorithm proposed in the present study has potential to detect bruised apple in online practical applications and hyperspectral reflectance imaging offers a useful reference for the detection of surficial defects of fruit. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Body Mass Index (BMI) Related Morbidity with Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Rind Fahad , Zhao Songzhu , Haring Catherine , Kang Stephen Y , Agrawal Amit , Ozer Enver , Old Matthew O , Carrau Ricardo L. , Seim Nolan B 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe increase in incidence of thyroid cancer correlates with strict increases in body mass index (BMI) and obesity in the United States. Thyroid hormone dysregulation has been shown to precipitate circulatory volume, peripheral resistance, cardiac rhythm, and even cardiac muscle health. Theoretically, thyroid surgery could precipitate injury to the cardiopulmonary system.MethodsThe American College of Surgery National Quality Improvement Program database was queried for thyroidectomy cases in the 2007–2020 Participant User files. Continuous and categorical associations between BMI and cardiopulmonary complications were investigated as reported in the database.ResultsThe query resulted 186,095 cases of thyroidectomy procedures in which the mean age was 51.3 years and sample was 79.3% female. No correlation was evident in univariate and multivariate analyses between BMI and the incidence of postoperative stroke or myocardial infarction. The incidence of complications was extremely low. However, risk of deep venous thrombosis correlated with BMI in the categorical, univariate, and multivariate (OR 1.036, CI 1.014–1.057, p < 0.01) regression analysis. Additionally, increased BMI was associated with increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR 1.050 (1.030, 1.069), p < 0.01), re‐intubation (OR 1.012 (1.002, 1.023), p = 0.02), and prolonged intubation (OR 1.031 (1.017, 1.045), p < 0.01).ConclusionDespite the rarity of cardiopulmonary complications during thyroid surgery, patients with very high BMI carry a significant risk of deep venous thrombosis, PE, and prolonged intubation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2823–2830, 2023
Using Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Spray Response as a Screening Tool in the Diagnostic Workup of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Nulty Phillip , Mason William , Mackie Hussein , Peterson Edward L. , Cook Bernard , Rock Jack , Eide Jacob , Craig John R. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesUnilateral clear thin rhinorrhea (UCTR) can be concerning for a nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Beta‐2 transferrin electrophoresis has been the gold standard for initial non‐invasive confirmatory testing for CSF rhinorrhea, but there can be issues with fluid collection and testing errors. Ipratropium bromide nasal spray (IBNS) is highly effective at reducing rhinitis‐related rhinorrhea, and should presumably not resolve CSF rhinorrhea. This study assessed whether different clinical features and IBNS response helped predict presence or absence of CSF rhinorrhea.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted where all patients with UCTR had nasal fluid tested for beta‐2 transferrin, and were prescribed 0.06% IBNS. Patients were diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea or other rhinologic conditions. Clinical variables like IBNS response (rhinorrhea reduction), positional worsening, salty taste, postoperative state, female gender, and body‐mass index were assessed for their ability to predict CSF rhinorrhea. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values and odds ratios were calculated for all clinical variables.ResultsTwenty patients had CSF rhinorrhea, and 53 had non‐CSF etiologies. Amongst clinical variables assessed for predicting CSF absence or presence, significant associations were shown for IBNS response (OR = 844.66, p = 0.001), positional rhinorrhea worsening (OR = 8.22, p = 0.049), and body‐mass index ≥30 (OR = 2.92, p = 0.048). IBNS response demonstrated 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and 100% positive and 91% negative predictive values for predicting CSF rhinorrhea.ConclusionsIn patients with UCTR, 0.06% IBNS response is an excellent screening tool for excluding CSF rhinorrhea, and should be considered in the diagnostic workup of CSF rhinorrhea.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:56–61, 2024
Polyphenol‐Based Nanosystems for Next‐Generation Cancer Therapy: Multifunctionality, Design, and Challenges
Authors: Feng Chenqian , Chen Bo , Fan Rangrang , Zou Bingwen , Han Bo , Guo Gang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the continuous updating of cancer treatment methods and the rapid development of precision medicine in recent years, there are higher demands for advanced and versatile drug delivery systems. Scientists are committed to create greener and more effective nanomedicines where the carrier is no longer limited to a single function of drug delivery. Polyphenols, which can act as both active ingredients and fundamental building blocks, are being explored as potential multifunctional carriers that are efficient and safe for design purposes. Due to their intrinsic anticancer activity, phenolic compounds have shown surprising expressiveness in ablation of tumor cells, overcoming cancer multidrug resistance (MDR), and enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the design, synthesis, and application of versatile polyphenol‐based nanosystems for cancer therapy in various modes. Moreover, the merits of polyphenols and the challenges for their clinical translation are also discussed, and it is pointed out that the novel polyphenol delivery system requires further optimization and validation.
Additive Manufacturing‐Enabled Architected Nanocomposite Lattices Coated with Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Water Pollutants Detection
Authors: Fateixa Sara , Landauer Marc , Schneider Johannes , Kumar Shanmugam , Böhm Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNovel low‐cost materials to uptake and detect vestigial amounts of pesticides are highly desirable for water quality monitoring. Herein, are demonstrated, for the first time, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors enabled via additively manufactured lattices coated with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) for detecting pesticides in real water samples. The architected lattices comprising polypropylene (PP) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are realized via fused filament fabrication (FFF). In the first stage, the SERS performance of the PP/MWCNT filaments coated with distinct metallic NPs (Ag NPs and Au NPs) is evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as molecular probe. Thereafter, distinctly architected hybrid SERS sensors with periodic porous and fully dense geometries are investigated as adsorbents to uptake MB from aqueous solutions and subsequent detection using SERS. The spatial distribution of MB and Ag NPs on the FFF‐printed lattices is accomplished by SERS imaging. The best hybrid composite is used as SERS probing system to detect low amounts of pesticides (thiram and paraquat) and offers a detection limit of 100 nm for both pesticides. As a proof‐of‐concept, FFF‐enabled test strips are used to detect in loco paraquat molecules spiked on real water samples (Estuary Aveiro water and tap water) using a portable Raman spectrometer.
Variable Hardy–Lorentz martingale spaces Hp(·),q(·)$\mathcal {H}_{p(\cdot ),q(\cdot )}$
Authors: Lu Jianzhong , Ma Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet be a complete probability space and let be two variable exponents. In this paper, we investigate several new variable Hardy–Lorentz martingale spaces associated with the variable Lorentz spaces , which are defined by nonincreasing rearrangement functions. To be precise, we first formulate the atomic decomposition theorems for these Hardy–Lorentz martingale spaces, and then establish martingale inequalities among them with the help of the boundedness of a σ‐sublinear operator. Furthermore, we prove the boundedness of fractional integrals on variable Hardy–Lorentz martingale spaces .
Automated identification and quantification of metabolites in human fecal extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Brian L. , Rout Manoj , Mandal Rupasri , Wishart David S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report the development of a software program, called MagMet‐F, that automates the processing and quantification of 1D 1H NMR of human fecal extracts. To optimize the program, we identified 82 potential fecal metabolites using 1D 1H NMR of six human fecal extracts using manual profiling and a literature review of known fecal metabolites. We acquired pure versions of those metabolites and then acquired their 1D 1H NMR spectra at 700 MHz to generate a fecal metabolite spectral library for MagMet‐F. The fitting of these metabolites by MagMet‐F was iteratively optimized to replicate manual profiling. We validated MagMet‐F's automated profiling using a test set of six fecal extracts. It correctly identified 80% of the compounds and quantified those within <20% of the values determined by manual profiling using Chenomx. We also compared MagMet‐F's profiling performance to two other open‐access NMR profiling tools, Bayesil and Batman. MagMet‐F outperformed both. Bayesil repeatedly overestimated metabolite concentrations by 10% to 40% while Batman was unable to properly quantify any compounds and took 10–20× longer. We have implemented MagMet‐F as a freely accessible web server to enable automated, fast and convenient 1D 1H NMR spectral profiling of fecal samples. MagMet‐F is available at https://www.magmet.ca.