bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial Blood Gases and Acid–Base Regulation
Authors: Sanghavi Sarah F. , Swenson Erik R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDisorders of acid-base status are common in the critically ill and prompt recognition is central to clinical decision making. The bicarbonate/carbon dioxide buffer system plays a pivotal role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis, and measurements of pH, PCO2, and HCO3
- are routinely used in the estimation of metabolic and respiratory disturbance severity. Hypoventilation and hyperventilation cause primary respiratory acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis, respectively. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis have numerous origins, that include alterations in acid or base intake, body fluid losses, abnormalities of intermediary metabolism, and renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The concept of the anion gap is used to categorize metabolic acidoses, and urine chloride excretion helps define metabolic alkaloses. Both the lungs and kidneys employ compensatory mechanisms to minimize changes in pH caused by various physiologic and disease disturbances. Treatment of acid-base disorders should focus primarily on correcting the underlying cause and the hemodynamic and electrolyte derangements that ensue. Specific therapies under certain conditions include renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation, respiratory stimulants or depressants, and inhibition of specific enzymes in intermediary metabolism disorders.
The structure of the concept of kærlighed ‘love’ in Danish
Authors: Kacprzak Aleksander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on 4 sets of linguistic data (dictionaries, corpus, texts, and surveys), the article explores the way in which the concept of KÆRLIGHED ‘love’ is organized in Danish. Thus, the key factors which play a role in the complex structure of the concept are: the language system, together with the emotion terms it makes available to its speakers; metaphoric models; models at the level of single subcategories; as well as individual experience. There also seem to occur prototype effects within the concept, both with regard to the single attributes of the concept as well as its subcategories. Additionally, the analysis has revealed the unique character of the Danish concept of KÆRLIGHED, which is inherently connected to other parts of the Danish worldview such as gender parity, sex, motherhood, God, the self or homeland, and which uses unique linguistic tools to convey the single conceptualizations.
Dimensions of time and space in narratives for climate action
Authors: Bloomfield Emma Frances 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Addressing climate change requires engaging with the fluid, dynamic, and amorphous narrative of humanature relationships. I view environmental rhetoric as practices of storytelling that structure reality, guide actions, and shape understanding of the environment. Through rhetorical criticism, I analyzed fragments of climate activist discourse related to the narratives’ temporal and spatial scopes. I argue that reimagining the scope of our climate narratives’ temporal (chronos-kairos) and spatial (chora-topos) dimensions are inventional opportunities to motivate climate action toward more sustainable futures.
Corrosion inhibition capabilities of aluminium thin films on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Marndi Sundeep Kumar , Raman Pachaiappan , Sankarakumar Amirthapandian , Nagamony Ponpandian , Thangadurai Paramasivam 
Published: June 2023

Al coating of varying thicknesses in the 50 to 200 nm range was coated on AZ31 Mg alloys to improve its corrosion capabilities. The thermal evaporation method is used for coating AZ31 Mg alloys. GIXRD, SEM, AFM and XEDS studied the structure, microstructure, and chemical analysis. GIXRD studies showed an amorphous thin film on the surface. AFM showed that the surface roughness increases with the coating thickness. Corrosion studies were done by electrochemical analysis in 3.5 wt-% NaCl environment. The Al coating has improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 alloy to the best with the lowest corrosion rate 0.07 mmpy, with the corrosion current density and corrosion potential of 0.32 × 10−5 A/cm2 and −1.17 V, respectively.
The classical and quantum implications of the Raychaudhuri equation in f(T)-gravity
Authors: Chakraborty Madhukrishna , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present work deals with the classical and quantum aspects of the Raychaudhuri equation (RE) in the framework of f(T)-gravity theory. In the background of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-time, the RE has been formulated and used to examine the focusing theorem and convergence condition for different choices of f(T). Finally in quantum cosmology, the wave function of the Universe has been shown to be the energy eigen function of the time-independent Schrödinger equation of a particle. Also probability measure on the minisuperspace has been examined at zero volume for singularity analysis in the quantum regime. Lastly, the Bohmian trajectory for the present quantum system has been explicitly determined for some particular choices.
Suppressing charge recombination in disordered polymers blend medium
Authors: Hamed Mohammed S G , Y A Ahmed Abdallah , Mola Genene Tessema 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Charge recombination is one of the critical factors that influences the performance of thin film polymer solar cells (TFPSCs). In this investigation, metal, plasmonic nano-particles are employed to suppress charge recombination and energy loss in TFPSC. Trimetallic nano-composite (NC) was successfully synthesized and composed of copper, nickel, and silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) using wet chemistry. The NC was incorporated into polymer-based solar absorber layers at different concentrations. The absorber layer is a fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction design using poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) donor polymer. The results show that the power conversion efficiency of the device doped with NC has improved by 85% compared to the undoped one. The incorporation of tri-metallic NC into the polymer blend solar absorber resulted in enhanced optical absorption and improved collection of photo-current as reflected by the recorded high short circuit current density (J

s
c

) and fill factor. The enhancement of the performance is due to the occurrence of local surface plasmon resonances in the polymer medium. The experiment indicated that there is some increment in an open circuit voltage, which is attributed to the low energy losses as a result of improved exciton dissociation, charge carrier transport, and collection.
Nanocrystalline β-Ga2O3 thin film prepared by electron beam evaporation for enhanced photodetection
Authors: Meitei Shagolsem Romeo , Devi Leimapokpam Sophia , Singh Naorem Khelchand 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, e-beam evaporation technique was used to fabricate thin-film (TF) of β-Ga2O3 on Si-substrate. The average crystallite size was determined to be roughly ∼39.8 nm. The deposition of β-Ga2O3 TF appears smooth and devoid of cracks or pits, with an average film thickness of ∼375 nm. From the ultraviolet (UV)–Vis absorption, the optical bandgap value for β-Ga2O3 TF was found to be about ∼4.84 eV. Our study found that the photodetector (PD) had excellent performance, characterized by an extremely low dark current of 4.02 × 10−8 A at −1 V bias, an I
L/I
D ratio over nine times, and the short rise and fall times of .27 s and .059 s. The simultaneous achievement of minimal dark current and quick rise and fall times is remarkable. The β-Ga2O3 TF PD’s remarkable consistency and reproducibility suggest promising practical applications for UV PDs.
Atomic-scale identification of nitrogen dopants in graphene on Ir(111) and Ru(0001)
Authors: Yang Huan , Abilio Ivan , Bernal Romero Juan , Rodriguez Carlos , Escobar Godoy Miguel , Little Mitchell , Mckee Patrick , Carbajal Vanessa , Li Joey , Chen Xing , Gao Hong-Jun , Palotás Krisztián , Gao Li 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) doped graphene materials have been synthesized using the sole precursor adenine on the Ir(111) and Ru(0001) surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been used to characterize the obtained N-doped graphene materials. Several graphitic and pyridinic N dopants have been identified on the atomic scale by combining STM measurements and STM simulations based on density functional theory calculations.
Real-space imaging of several molecular layers of C60 in the rotational glass phase
Authors: Marz Michael , Issac Andrew , Fritsch Veronika , Kimouche Amina , Hoffmann-Vogel Regina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
C60 is a model system to study molecule–surface interactions and phase transitions due to its high symmetry and strong covalent π bonding within the molecule versus weak van-der-Waals coupling between neighboring molecules. In the solid, at room temperature, the molecule rotates and behaves as a sphere. However, the pentagonal and hexagonal atomic arrangement imposes deviations from the spherical symmetry that become important at low temperatures. The orientation of the C60 can be viewed to represent classic spins. For geometrical reasons the preferred orientation of neighboring C60 cannot be satisfied for all of the neighboring molecules, making C60 a model for disordered spin systems with frustration. We study several molecular layers of C60 islands on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy at liquid nitrogen temperatures. By imaging several layers we obtain a limited access to the three-dimensional rotational structure of the molecules in an island. We find one rotationally disordered layer between two partially rotationally ordered layers with hexagonal patterns. This exotic pattern shows an example of the local distribution of order and disorder in geometrically frustrated systems. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy data confirms the weak interactions of neighboring molecules.
A micrometric deflection fiber laser sensor controlled by polarized light pumping
Authors: Contreras-Vallejo K E , Estudillo-Ayala J M , Hernandez-Garcia J C , Jauregui-Vazquez D , Sierra-Hernandez J M , Lopez-Dieguez Y , Tentori D , Reyes Ayona J R , Rojas-Laguna R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work presents a study of a deflection laser sensor using a pump light source with different polarization states and shows that controlling the polarization state of the pump source can achieve better control in the tuning of an erbium-doped fiber laser. Laser tuning uses a selective wavelength filter manufactured using a thin core fiber section between two single-mode fibers, while the deflection is applied using an angular mechanism. In addition, the sensor was analyzed according to the wavelength shift of the laser emission as a function of the angular micrometric deflection, and a sensitivity of −33.01 pm µrad−1 was obtained in a dynamic range from 0 to 89.3 µrad with an adjustment parameter R
2 = 0.993 61. We achieved dual-wavelength tuning with gradual shifting and single-wavelength tuning from 1531.5 nm to 1547.7 nm. This sensor exhibits potential applications in the bionic and robotic detection fields owing to its high sensitivity, good linearity, simple fabrication, and low cost.
RP-YOLOX-DL: a deep learning hybrid method for parallel robots target positioning
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Wang Zongyan , Li Menglong , Gao Pei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To address the issues of low classification pickup efficiency and slow response time of parallel robots positioning (RP) methods based on machine vision, this paper proposes a deep learning hybrid method RP-YOLOX-Deeplabv3+ (YOLOX-DL method for RP) for parallel robots to achieve accurate picking. Firstly, the RP-YOLOX lightweight network is used to complete target recognition classification and rough positioning. A new feature enhanced network called Depth Slim Path Aggregation Network is proposed to optimize the original up-and-down sampling structure, and the computational efficiency is improved through the attention mechanism and deep convolution. The loss function in network evaluation is enhanced, and an emphasizing the target Binary CrossEntropy loss function is proposed for the objective loss strategy. Secondly, the DL network is used and the pooling structure is improved to obtain rich multi-scale information by using different types of Atrous convolution. Then, the extracted semantic segmentation center coordinates are finely positioned, and by using a hybrid positioning strategy, the RP-YOLOX and DL network modules are combined to obtain the best positioning coordinates of the target. Finally, a hand-eye calibration operation was performed to convert the robot, the camera, and the conveyor belt to eye-to-hand coordinate computation. The experimental results indicate that the hybrid method achieves a pick-up rate of 92.56% and a response time of 2.357 s, showing better performance than the traditional algorithms Faster-RCNN, YOLOv3, and YOLOv5. Meanwhile, the identification efficiency is increased by 2.41% compared to the YOLOX algorithm. These results verify the efficiency and robust adaptability of the mixed method. This study has a certain reference value for applying the deep learning method to robots positioning pick-up.
A tightly-coupled method of lidar-inertial based on complementary filtering
Authors: Liu Jinyue , Zheng Jiashuo , Jia Xiaohui , Li Tiejun , Zhang Wenxue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the application of small field angle lidar for robot SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), livox mapping can provide accurate odometer information and point cloud information of the environment with good precision for the robot in a short time. However, over long periods of motion, the laser odometer calculated by livox mapping will produce a large offset, which will reduce the localization accuracy and mapping accuracy of the robot. To overcome above problem, a lidar-inertial navigation odometer compact fusion method based on the idea of complementary filtering is proposed in this paper. By taking advantage of the good static performance of the accelerometer for a long time, the angle value obtained by the gyroscope integration is corrected. In the back-end optimization, the Jacobian matrix obtained by the residual calculation of the acceleration in the navigation coordinate system obtained by IMU and the gravitational acceleration is tightly coupled with the Jacobian matrix of the lidar residual. Different weights are given to the residual of each part, and the odometer is solved iteratively to further improve the pose accuracy of the whole SLAM system. In this paper, the method is applied to Livox-Mid40. The experimental results show that it can reduce the drift of long time and long distance and improve the accuracy of the system localization and mapping.
Increased flexibility and efficiency of a double-scattering FLASH proton beamline configuration for in vivo SOBP radiotherapy treatments
Authors: Hachadorian R , Cascio E , Schuemann J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. To commission a proton, double-scattering FLASH beamline by maximizing efficiency and field size, enabling higher-linear energy transfer FLASH radiotherapy to cells and small animals using a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) treatment configuration. We further aim to provide a configuration guide for the design of future FLASH proton double-scattering (DS) beamlines. Approach. Beam spot size and spread were measured with film and implemented into TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS). Monte Carlo simulations were optimized to verify the ideal positioning, dimensions, and material of scattering foils, secondary scatterers, ridge filters, range compensators, and apertures. A ridge filter with three discrete heights was used to create a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) and was experimentally verified using our in-house experimental FLASH beamline. The increase in dose rate was compared to nominal shoot-through techniques. Results. The configuration and scatterer distance producing the largest field size of acceptable flatness, without drastically compromising dose rate was determined to be an elliptical field of 2 cm × 1.5 cm (25% larger than a previous configuration). SOBP testing yielded three distinct but connected spikes in dose with flatness under 5%. Reducing the thickness of the (first) scattering foil by a factor of two was found to increase efficiency by 50%. The new settings increased the field size, provided a Bragg peak treatment option, and increased the maximum available dose rate by 85%, as compared to the previous, shoot through method. Significance. Beam line updates established FLASH dose rates of over 135 Gy s−1 (potentially higher) at our double-scattering beamline, increased the efficiency and field size, and enabled SOBP treatments by incorporating an optimized ridge filter. Based on our simulations we provide parametric suggestions when commissioning a new proton DS beamline. This enhanced FLASH beamline for SOBP irradiations with higher dose rates and larger field sizes will enable a wider variety of experimentation in future studies.
Magnetic field effect on the linear and nonlinear refractive index and optical absorption of a donor in a GaAs quantum ring
Authors: El-Bakkari K , Iqraoun E , Jaouane M , Arraoui R , Sali A , Fakkahi A , Ed-Dahmouny A , Azmi H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effects of the magnetic field (γ), the radial position of impurity and the degree of confinement on the oscillator strength (OS), refractive index and optical absorption (α) of an impurity inside a GaAs quantum ring (QR) are explored using the effective mass approximation and variational method. It is shown that the peak position of the optical absorption and the refractive index decrease and move toward the lower incident photon energy as the strength of the γ increases. In addition, it is found that the strongest α relates to the case when the impurity is positioned at the right side of QR in the presence of the magnetic field. Our examinations also show that the oscillator strength decreases as the γ increases especially for an on-center donor impurity.
Theoretical study of vertical van der Walls metal-porphyrin and metal free-porphyrin junctions
Authors: Albeydani Ohood 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical study of the thermoelectric properties of a vertical graphene/porphyrins/graphene architecture. It presents the details of calculating the conductance of metal-porphyrins, which is found to be enhanced by manipulating the metal central atom of the organic 125 porphyrin framework over the family

N
i
,

Z
n
,

F
e

I
I

,

and

C
o

I
I

.

The results demonstrate that even when there is no direct inter-molecular coupling, indirect inter-molecular interactions mediated by the graphene electrodes produce quantum interference effects in the electronic structure of the molecular junction. These junctions are all observed to be HOMO-dominated, meaning that their Seebeck exhibit the same sign and similar behavior. The resulting single-molecule thermopowers range from almost +50 μV/K for both

Z
n

- and

N
i

-porphyrin to +77 μV/K and +85 μV/K for

C
o

- and

F
e

-porphyrin, respectively. For these geometries, the effect of the metal complex with porphyrin on the conductance of the junctions can be seen. An extra resonance appeared in the HOMO-LOMO gap, and it can be disappeared or be shifted closer to Fermi energy to create a new path for the electron transmission. It only depends on the type of metal coordinating at the porphyrin center. Introducing such a new technique for designing high conductance and thermopower opens a door for high thermoelectric performance materials.
Fabrication of array microelectrodes: achieving geometrical characteristics using reverse micro-EDM process
Authors: Pratap Suresh , Datta Somak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reverse micro-EDM is the most suitable method for fabricating circular cross-section array microelectrodes. This work presents an experimental investigation into the effect of process parameters such as capacitance, voltage, and feed on the geometrical characteristics (diameter, length, and taper) of tungsten carbide (WC) array microelectrodes. Using a ø2 mm × 35 mm length rod of tungsten carbide, a 3 × 3 array of microelectrodes was fabricated with a 230 μm diameter hole in a copper sheet, providing a depth of 1.5 mm. Increasing the process parameters from 10 nF capacitance, 90 V voltage, and 0.3 mm min−1 feed to 100 nF capacitance, 130 V voltage, and 0.9 mm min−1 feed decreased the diameter by 6.75% and increased the taper of the electrodes by 3%. The ANOVA analysis indicates that capacitance, voltage, and feed significantly affect the geometrical characteristics of array microelectrodes. Using the multi-objective optimization technique grey relational analysis (GRA), it was found that at a capacitance of 10 nF, a voltage of 130 V, and a feed rate of 0.3 mm min−1 achieved the minimum deviation in the geometrical characteristics of WC array microelectrodes. This paper will help determine the hole size required to achieve the specific dimensions on the array microelectrodes and select optimal process parameters.
Long-term near-continuous recording with Neuropixels probes in healthy and epileptic rats
Authors: Ghestem Antoine , Pompili Marco N , Dipper-Wawra Matthias , Quilichini Pascale P , Bernard Christophe , Ferraris Maëva 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Neuropixels probes have become a crucial tool for high-density electrophysiological recordings. Although most research involving these probes is in acute preparations, some scientific inquiries require long-term recordings in freely moving animals. Recent reports have presented prosthesis designs for chronic recordings, but some of them do not allow for probe recovery, which is desirable given their cost. Others appear to be fragile, as these articles describe numerous broken implants. Objective. This fragility presents a challenge for recordings in rats, particularly in epilepsy models where strong mechanical stress impinges upon the prosthesis. To overcome these limitations, we sought to develop a new prosthesis for long-term electrophysiological recordings in healthy and epileptic rats. Approach. We present a new prosthesis specifically designed to protect the probes from strong shocks and enable the safe retrieval of probes after experiments. Main results. This prosthesis was successfully used to record from healthy and epileptic rats for up to three weeks almost continuously. Overall, 10 out of 11 probes could be successfully retrieved with a retrieval and reuse success rate of 91%. Significance. Our design and protocol significantly improved previously described probe recycling performances and prove usage on epileptic rats.