bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuity of paths as a measure of transformation in urban fabric: a study in the old centre of Hila
Authors: Abbas Ghadeer H , Khafaji Rashaa Al 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cities are exposed to transformations in their urban fabric over time as a result of urban renewal projects and new requirements. These transformations can have negative consequences, especially for traditional cities. Traditional cities are characterized by their historical continuity over the years, so these transformations lead to the destruction of some of their characteristics, such as connectivity or hierarchy of the city. The destruction of the characteristics of the ancient city leads to the production of a hybrid city. Al-Hila city centre is one of the areas that have undergone several aspects of transformations, for example, a change in functional uses, the construction of new roads for cars, a change in the pattern of fabric and others. Therefore, the research problem was represented in the interruption of paths continuity as a result of unstudied transformations in the urban fabric, and by adopting a hypothesis that the continuity of the urban fabric is affected by changing the ease of access and hierarchy of a part of the region that leads to an imbalance in integration. So, the research aims to find out the differences in the continuity of paths that occur in city centres when they are transformed by comparing them temporally and identifying some of the main indicators of spatial analysis theories. Hypothesis quantitative indicators emerged from the research vocabulary and were represented by (connectivity, depth, axis length, choice and integration). The most important conclusions and recommendations that were extracted from the research for spatial analysis (Space syntax) by using the (Depth map) program are that the continuity of paths in the urban fabric has been destroyed as a result of unplanned and inappropriate transformations for the place in several respects.
Resilient cities to mitigate effects of climate change
Authors: Al-Sayed Muna M N , Alanizi Arshad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The concept of resilient cities can be considered as a way of enabling not only dealing with added and severe shocks but also tackling the many challenges that constrain businesses, jobs and livelihoods. Hence, a major part of the building is resilience, which aims to find solutions to reduce poverty levels and find more general solutions to improve the quality of human life. There are more interventions in urban areas - conducted by stakeholders everywhere to achieve a certain level of resilience through the development of housing, infrastructure and services. The objectives are to develop knowledge about the contributions of cities to mitigating the impacts of climate change for urban planners and all those interested in urban development, climate change, environmental sciences and engineering. This research shows the most important factors that cities take, and what actions are taken to mitigate and adapt to climate change. It also identifies promising mitigation and adaptation strategies that promote sustainable development and are geared towards resilience.
The role of community participation in the spatial development of deteriorated residential areas Al-Imam neighborhood in the city of Nasiriyah: a case study
Authors: Abbas Yasmin Khudheir , Motlak Jamal B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Iraqi cities in general face a slew of issues, including deterioration of the internal and external residential environment for some residential districts, deterioration of major infrastructure services, and bad economic, living, and construction conditions. As a result, the Ministry of Construction and Housing took the initiative, in collaboration with the Habitat Organization, to carry out a project to upgrade a number of deteriorated residential neighbourhoods, including Al-Imam neighbourhood in Nasiriyah, as a local experiment aimed at achieving spatial development with community participation. The research problem was established by not incorporating community engagement and activating the mechanisms of intrusion towards sustainable spatial development when conversing with residents as one of the strategies for creating and upgrading civilized places. The following hypothesis guided the research: Adoption of effective community participation policies aids in the rehabilitation of damaged residential areas and the achievement of long-term development. The study contained a theoretical component dealing with the notion of community participation and upgrading, as well as a practical component including the identification of the study area and the processes used in the process of upgrading community participation. The study also included a questionnaire for a random sample of residents to complete regarding the type of community participation in upgrading, and the study found that there is a larger need for a process of awareness, education, and training of people to participate in upgrading. Housing unit improvements were not at the required level due to a lack of funding and poor participation of residents in the construction and restoration process, and improvements to educational services were simple and included school frontispieces, green areas were not allocated, and infrastructure services were not established. The study came to a number of conclusions and recommendations regarding the need to rehabilitate human and material resources, stimulate community participation in the planning and management of residential areas, and achieve long-term spatial development.
Measuring equity in spatial development investments for the provincial development program in Wasit governorate
Authors: Farhan Sabeeh Lafta , Mutaz T , Altaie K , Zubaidi Salah L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To access the range of achieved equity in the spatial distribution for the investment by the region’s development program in Wasit province, the Gini coefficient, and Lorenz curve were utilized. Previously mentioned methodologies were used in the quantitative analysis. To measure the disparity and the optimal allocation of investments, a comparison is implemented. This comparison was between the percentage of allocating investment in development programs in the basic service sectors (municipal, sewage, water, roads, and education) and between the three components of (population, area, and level and disability). Findings showed that the local authorities depend on population (the municipal sector, sewage, urban water) and urban land area in allocating investments. Findings also showed a lack of interest by authorities in two factors. These factors are rural land area and the deficit in providing services. This deficit is reflected in the variation of equity in determining the number of investment allocations between different counties of Wasit province.
Minimizing the environmental impacts of traffic in Al-Mada’an city using rerouting technique
Authors: Abdulhameed Al-Bayati Muthanna M , Mohammed Haider Razzaq , Fattah Mohammed Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The geographic information systems are applied in the transportation analysis of AlMada’an city about 30 km southeast of Baghdad city in Iraq. Cities suffer from traffic jams, especially during peak hours. These traffic jams increase in special circumstances such as blocking a certain road for maintenance, security reasons, or during religious events. The work required the establishment of the street layers of AlMada’an city and addressing all the problems and errors that accompany the work to reach the construction of an integrated transport network with all network details. Alternatives and hypotheses included the blocking of a particular road and searching for an alternative road that represents the easy path between two ends. Geomedia Transportation analysis software is used in this application to solve the problems and achieve the aims of the study. Many cases and trials were applied for different road segments in the network to check the application efficiency. The test reflects excellent results everywhere, so we suggest using the application to help local government to find alternatives before blocking any road to avoid crowds. Also, we suggest using the software when entering the street layers into a GIS where its techniques help builds a network.
Evaluation of solid waste disposal service management and its impact on the environment using the SR index in AL Karrada district and AL Shua’la district
Authors: Alwan Kareem Hassan , Bachai Qasim Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Solid waste poses a great challenge to the countries of the world, due to its impact on human life, whether health, environmental or economic, and solid waste management is one of the most important of those challenges (generation, collection, transportation, treatment, and final disposal) and it requires sustainable environmental planning, and effort Mechanical and human (mechanics and workers), which are linked in a direct relationship with a group of variables, including demographic factors such as population size. This research deals with the evaluation of solid waste disposal service management and its impact on the environment. Districts were selected from the city of Baghdad from the Karkh side and the Rusafa side, which are (AL Karrada district and AL Shua’la district) trying to answer the research problem, which included the efficiency and adequacy of the waste disposal service and its impact on the environment in study area The research relied on field surveys, personal interviews with stakeholders, and data analysis to find out the reality of the study. The research found through the index of the total ranks that there is a clear disparity between AL Karrada district and AL Shua’la district area in the management of solid waste, and environmental pollution, Where Karrada district achieved a high level and achieved rank 5, while Al-Shula neighbourhood achieved a low level, achieving a rank of 4. The research concluded that the Shula area suffers from environmental pollution, while the Karrada district is less polluted. The reasons for this discrepancy are attributed to weak administrative experience, lack of financial allocations, poor planning and failure to keep pace with technical developments for sustainable solid waste management. The research found a relationship between population size and waste volume in the two study areas.
Efficient motional-mode characterization for high-fidelity trapped-ion quantum computing
Authors: Kang Mingyu , Liang Qiyao , Li Ming , Nam Yunseong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To achieve high-fidelity operations on a large-scale quantum computer, the parameters of the physical system must be efficiently characterized with high accuracy. For trapped ions, the entanglement between qubits are mediated by the motional modes of the ion chain, and thus characterizing the motional-mode parameters becomes essential. In this paper, we develop and explore physical models that accurately predict both magnitude and sign of the Lamb–Dicke parameters when the modes are probed in parallel. We further devise an advanced characterization protocol that shortens the characterization time by more than an order of magnitude, when compared to that of the conventional method that only uses mode spectroscopy. We discuss potential ramifications of our results to the development of a scalable trapped-ion quantum computer, viewed through the lens of system-level resource trade offs.
Anode-less all-solid-state batteries: recent advances and future outlook
Authors: Lee Nohjoon , Oh Jihoon , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
While all-solid-state batteries have built global consensus with regard to their impact in safety and energy density, their anode-less versions have attracted appreciable attention because of the possibility of further lowering the cell volume and cost. This perspective article summarizes recent research trends in anode-less all-solid-state batteries (ALASSBs) based on different types of solid electrolytes and anticipates future directions these batteries may take. We particularly aim to motivate researchers in the field to challenge remaining issues in ALASSBs by employing advanced materials and cell designs.
Protein-to-genome alignment with miniprot
Authors: Li Heng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Protein-to-genome alignment is critical to annotating genes in non-model organisms. While there are a few tools for this purpose, all of them were developed over 10 years ago and did not incorporate the latest advances in alignment algorithms. They are inefficient and could not keep up with the rapid production of new genomes and quickly growing protein databases.

Results
Here, we describe miniprot, a new aligner for mapping protein sequences to a complete genome. Miniprot integrates recent techniques such as k-mer sketch and vectorized dynamic programming. It is tens of times faster than existing tools while achieving comparable accuracy on real data.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/lh3/miniport.
JBrowse Jupyter: a Python interface to JBrowse 2
Authors: De Jesus Martinez Teresa , Hershberg Elliot A , Guo Emma , Stevens Garrett J , Diesh Colin , Xie Peter , Bridge Caroline , Cain Scott , Haw Robin , Buels Robert M , Stein Lincoln D , Holmes Ian H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
JBrowse Jupyter is a package that aims to close the gap between Python programming and genomic visualization. Web-based genome browsers are routinely used for publishing and inspecting genome annotations. Historically they have been deployed at the end of bioinformatics pipelines, typically decoupled from the analysis itself. However, emerging technologies such as Jupyter notebooks enable a more rapid iterative cycle of development, analysis and visualization.

Results
We have developed a package that provides a Python interface to JBrowse 2’s suite of embeddable components, including the primary Linear Genome View. The package enables users to quickly set up, launch and customize JBrowse views from Jupyter notebooks. In addition, users can share their data via Google’s Colab notebooks, providing reproducible interactive views.

Availability and implementation
JBrowse Jupyter is released under the Apache License and is available for download on PyPI. Source code and demos are available on GitHub at https://github.com/GMOD/jbrowse-jupyter.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury
Authors: Madrid Andy , Alisch Reid S , Rizk Elias , Papale Ligia A , Hogan Kirk J , Iskandar Bermans J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Human epidemiological studies reveal that dietary and environmental alterations influence the health of the offspring and that the effect is not limited to the F1 or F2 generations. Non-Mendelian transgenerational inheritance of traits in response to environmental stimuli has been confirmed in non-mammalian organisms including plants and worms and are shown to be epigenetically mediated. However, transgenerational inheritance beyond the F2 generation remains controversial in mammals. Our lab previously discovered that the treatment of rodents (rats and mice) with folic acid significantly enhances the regeneration of injured axons following spinal cord injury in vivo and in vitro, and the effect is mediated by DNA methylation. The potential heritability of DNA methylation prompted us to investigate the following question: Is the enhanced axonal regeneration phenotype inherited transgenerationally without exposure to folic acid supplementation in the intervening generations? In the present review, we condense our findings showing that a beneficial trait (i.e., enhanced axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury) and accompanying molecular alterations (i.e., DNA methylation), triggered by an environmental exposure (i.e., folic acid supplementation) to F0 animals only, are inherited transgenerationally and beyond the F3 generation.
No evidence for sex chromosomes in natural populations of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Lichilín Nicolás , Salzburger Walter , Böhne Astrid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sex determination (SD) is not conserved among teleost fishes and can even differ between populations of the same species. Across the outstandingly species-rich fish family Cichlidae, more and more SD systems are being discovered. Still, the picture of SD evolution in this group is far from being complete. Lake Tanganyika and its affluent rivers are home to Astatotilapia burtoni, which belongs to the extremely successful East African cichlid lineage Haplochromini. Previously, in different families of an A. burtoni laboratory strain, an XYW system and an XY system have been described. The latter was also found in a second laboratory strain. In a laboratory-reared family descending from a population of the species’ southern distribution, a second XY system was discovered. Yet, an analysis of sex chromosomes for the whole species distribution is missing. Here, we examined the genomes of 11 natural populations of A. burtoni, encompassing a wide range of its distribution, for sex-linked regions. We did not detect signs of differentiated sex chromosomes and also not the previously described sex chromosomal systems present in laboratory lines, suggesting different SD systems in the same species under natural and (long-term) artificial conditions. We suggest that SD in A. burtoni is more labile than previously assumed and consists of a combination of non-genetic, polygenic, or poorly differentiated sex chromosomes.
Myxozoans (Cnidaria) do not Retain Key Oxygen-Sensing and Homeostasis Toolkit Genes
Authors: Graham Allie M , Barreto Felipe S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For aerobic organisms, both the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and the mitochondrial genomes are key players in regulating oxygen homeostasis. Recent work has suggested that these mechanisms are not as highly conserved as previously thought, prompting more surveys across animal taxonomic levels, which would permit testing of hypotheses about the ecological conditions facilitating evolutionary loss of such genes. The Phylum Cnidaria is known to harbor wide variation in mitochondrial chromosome morphology, including an extreme example, in the Myxozoa, of mitochondrial genome loss. Because myxozoans are obligate endoparasites, frequently encountering hypoxic environments, we hypothesize that variation in environmental oxygen availability could be a key determinant in the evolution of metabolic gene networks associated with oxygen-sensing, hypoxia-response, and energy production. Here, we surveyed genomes and transcriptomes across 46 cnidarian species for the presence of HIF pathway members, as well as for an assortment of hypoxia, mitochondrial, and stress–response toolkit genes. We find that presence of the HIF pathway, as well as number of genes associated with mitochondria, hypoxia, and stress response, do not vary in parallel to mitochondrial genome morphology. More interestingly, we uncover evidence that myxozoans have lost the canonical HIF pathway repression machinery, potentially altering HIF pathway functionality to work under the specific conditions of their parasitic lifestyles. In addition, relative to other cnidarians, myxozoans show loss of large proportions of genes associated with the mitochondrion and involved in response to hypoxia and general stress. Our results provide additional evidence that the HIF regulatory machinery is evolutionarily labile and that variations in the canonical system have evolved in many animal groups.
Disruption of the sensor kinasephoQgene decreases acid resistance in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteriumRahnella aquatilisHX2
Authors: Peng Jing , Xu Zhongnan , Li Lei , Zhao Bingjie , Guo Yanbin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsRahnella aquatilis HX2, a promising plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) in the field, contains genes homologous to the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system. Although this system regulates stress response in numerous pathogens, PhoP/PhoQ characterization in a PGPR has not received in-depth exploration.Methods and ResultsThe phoQ gene was mutated in strain HX2 using an in-frame deletion strategy. Compared to the wild type, the phoQ mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to acidic conditions (pH 4.0) in a chemically defined medium and in mild acidic natural soil (pH 5.7). The phoQ mutant also exhibited increased swimming motility under acidic conditions. Acid resistance was restored in the mutant by introducing the phoQ gene on a plasmid. Three acid resistance genes, add, cfa, and fur were downregulated significantly, whereas the chaperone encoding gene, dnak, was upregulated when the phoQ mutant was exposed to acid stress.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the PhoP/PhoQ system positively regulates the acid resistance of R. aquatilis HX2.
Natural Philosophy
Authors: McGrath Alister E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This final chapter weaves the arguments of earlier chapters in Part II of this work to give a coherent account of a retrieved and reimagined vision of natural philosophy. The chapter opens by distinguishing this approach from that of the philosopher Nicholas Maxwell. The strategy of retrieval set out in this volume deals with the question of the disciplinary location of a retrieved and renewed natural philosophy, which is one of the most significant problems to face such an exercise. Natural philosophy is here conceived as a ‘disciplinary imaginary’, offering an expanded vision of the human engagement with nature, paralleling that of early modern natural philosophy. This chapter also offers examples of how such a retrieved natural theology can be put into practice, developing a discipline of attentiveness and respect which enables a deeper and richer engagement with the natural world.
A Case on Contract Labour
Authors: Pachpande Priti , Bachhav Sham 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case is about Ms Vanita Chemical Ltd., which is located at Thane—Belapur Road, Maharashtra. The Company is engaged in manufacturing of various chemicals since 1991. The total manpower of the Company is 450. It had provided canteen for the employees and it was running on contract basis. Mr Rama Shetty was a canteen contractor. The canteen contract was registered by the company under The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition, 1970). An agreement was also signed by Rama Shetty as a canteen contractor and on behalf of company a factory manager, Mr Kulkarni. The case focuses on the issues related to making contract labours ‘permanent’ in the Canteen of Vanita Chemicals Limited. The canteen employees who were on contract, with the pressure of internal union, demanded the management to make them permanent employee of the company. Retaliating, management issued a letter of termination of canteen contract which was delivered to the canteen contractor immediately. The issue was raised to the Labour Commissioner’s Office by the canteen employees. The canteen employees started giving slogans against the company. Further they used abusive language against the management. They were doing the same activity every day.