bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of volatile components in different broken rice by HS‐SPME/GC‐TOFMS
Authors: Peng Kaixiong , Tang Qunyong , Zheng Yuhan , Ji Fang , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) combined with gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOFMS) was used to detect and analyse the volatile components of five samples with different degrees of fragmentation, combined with cluster analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) and relative odour activity value (ROAV) analysis. The results showed that 70 volatile components were detected and identified in samples with different degrees of fragmentation. 40 were co‐containing components. Cluster analysis revealed a high degree of similarity between samples B (20 mesh sieve top) and C (40 mesh sieve top), which were grouped into one category. The order of variation in the relative content of volatile components was A (unbroken) > E (120 mesh sieve top) > D (80 mesh sieve top) > B. C; the OPLS‐DA analysis revealed significant differences in the volatile composition of rice samples with different degrees of fragmentation, This variation between samples is mainly due to the relative content of volatile components of 36 projections of variable importance (VIP > 1), such as ethyl butyrate, ethyl phenylacetate, and dimethyl trisulfide. A total of 12 volatile components with ROAV > 1, including ethyl hexanoate, 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, and E‐2‐nonenal, were found to be the key volatile components in five samples based on their ROAV, the different degrees of crushing had a greater impact on the overall aroma of the rice, and the results can be used as a reference for further rice processors.
New proposal to address mediation analysis interrogations by using genetic variants as instrumental variables
Authors: Coscia Claudia , Molina‐Montes Esther , Benítez Raquel , López de Maturana Evangelina , Muriel Alfonso , Malats Núria , Pérez Teresa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe application of causal mediation analysis (CMA) considering the mediation effect of a third variable is increasing in epidemiological studies; however, this requires fitting strong assumptions on confounding bias. To address this limitation, we propose an extension of CMA combining it with Mendelian randomization (MRinCMA). We applied the new approach to analyse the causal effect of obesity and diabetes on pancreatic cancer, considering each factor as potential mediator. To check the performance of MRinCMA under several conditions/scenarios, we used it in different simulated data sets and compared it with structural equation models. For continuous variables, MRinCMA and structural equation models performed similarly, suggesting that both approaches are valid to obtain unbiased estimates. When noncontinuous variables were considered, MRinCMA presented, overall, lower bias than structural equation models. By applying MRinCMA, we did not find any evidence of causality of obesity or diabetes on pancreatic cancer. With this new methodology, researchers would be able to address CMA hypotheses by appropriately accounting for the confounding bias assumption regardless of the conditions used in their studies in different settings.
Analysis of the GPR17 receptor in NG2‐glia under physiological conditions unravels a new subset of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells with distinct functions
Authors: Miralles Antonio J. , Unger Nicole , Kannaiyan Nirmal , Rossner Moritz J. , Dimou Leda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNG2‐glia comprise a heterogeneous population of cycling cells that give rise to mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The mechanisms that regulate the process of differentiation from NG2‐glia into oligodendrocytes are still not fully understood but over the last years the G Protein‐coupled Receptor 17 (GPR17) has been on the spotlight as a possible key regulator. Interestingly, GPR17‐expressing NG2‐glia show under physiological conditions a slower and lower level of differentiation compared to NG2‐glia without GPR17. In contrast, after a CNS insult these react with proliferation and differentiation in a high rate, pointing towards a role in repair processes. However, the role of GPR17+ NG2‐glia under healthy conditions in adulthood has not been addressed yet. Therefore, we aimed here to characterize the GPR17‐expressing NG2‐glia. Using transgenic mouse models, we showed restricted GPR17 expression in only some NG2‐glia. Furthermore, we found that these cells constitute a distinct subset within the NG2‐glia population, which shows a different gene expression profile and behavior when compared to the total NG2‐glia population. Genetic depletion of GPR17+ cells showed that these are not contributing to the dynamic and continuous generation of new oligodendrocytes in the adult brain. Taken together, GPR17+ NG2‐glia seem to play a distinct role under physiological conditions that goes beyond their classic differentiation control, that needs to be further elucidated. These results open new avenues for using the GPR17 receptor as a target to change oligodendrogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, highlighting the importance of further characterization of this protein for future pharmacological studies.
Challenges of using a Fitbit smart wearable among people with dementia
Authors: O’Sullivan Grace , Whelan Barbara , Gallagher Niamh , Doyle Priscilla , Smyth Siobhán , Murphy Kathleen , Dröes Rose‐Marie , Devane Declan , Casey Dympna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesLimited research on using smart wearables such as Fitbit devices among people with dementia has shown favourable outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the acceptability and feasibility of using a Fitbit Charge 3 among people with dementia, living in the community, who took part in the physical exercise component of the Comprehensive REsilience‐building psychoSocial intervenTion pilot study.MethodsA mixed methods study was conducted; Quantitative data relating to wear rates for the Fitbit were recorded and qualitative data were collected by group and individual interviews with the people with dementia and their caregiver about their experience of wearing/using the Fitbit in the study.ResultsNine people with dementia and their caregiver completed the intervention. Only one participant wore the Fitbit consistently. Supporting set‐up and use of the devices was time consuming and caregiver involvement was essential for day‐to‐day support: none of the people with dementia owned a smartphone. Few of them engaged with the Fitbit features, primarily only using it to check the time and only a minority wanted to keep the device beyond the intervention.DiscussionWhen designing a study using smart wearables such as a Fitbit among people with dementia, consideration should be given to the following: the possible burden on caregivers supporting the use of the device; a lack of familiarity with this technology in the target population; dealing with missing data, and the involvement of the researcher in setting up and supporting use of the device.
Inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis with and without aspirin sensitivity
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Gaćeša Dejan , Cvetković Gordana , Vojvodić Danilo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the levels of inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions in patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and in those with nasal polyposis (NP) without aspirin‐sensitivity and to correlate nasal fluid mediator concentrations with clinical parameters of the disease.MethodsA total of 30 patients with AERD, 30 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP patients without aspirin sensitivity (CRSwNP), and 30 control subjects without inflammation of the nasal mucosa (C), selected for surgical treatment entered the study. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS), endoscopic score (ES), and Lund‐Mackay score (LMS), were evaluated. The concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), substance P and Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) were determined in nasal secretions.ResultsHigher concentrations of ECP, tryptase, and HSP70 were measured in the AERD patients than in the CRSwNP patients and the C group (p < .001; p < .001, respectively for all mediators). However, levels of CC16 were higher in the C group than in the AERD and CRSwNP groups (p < .001; p < .001, respectively). A positive correlation between the TNSS and CC16 and a negative one between CC16 and tryptase levels were found in the C group. The CRSwNP group showed positive correlations between ECP, HSP70, and tryptase and negative correlations between substance P, ES, and LMS, as well as between CC16 and tryptase levels. In the AERD group, we found a positive correlation between HSP70 and ECP levels and a negative correlation between the TNSS and CC16 concentration.ConclusionThe obtained results indicate the increased production of mediators of eosinophil and mast cell function, and the decreased production of biomarker of respiratory epithelial function in AERD patients. Clinical and biochemical parameters correlate in different ways in the AERD and CRSwNP patients.
Beyond Thresholds: Quorum‐Sensing as Quantitatively Varying Reaction Norms to Multiple Environmental Dimensions
Authors: Rattray Jennifer B. , Brown Sam P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany types of bacteria engage in complex collective behaviors, often controlled by a form of cell‐cell communication mediated by diffusible signal molecules called quorum sensing (QS). Each individual produces and responds to these diffusible signaling molecules, inferring properties of their environment, and modulating the regulation of hundreds of downstream genes in response. A threshold concept is ingrained in the QS literature following the use of the legal ‘quorum’ analogy, where populations of bacteria are synchronously sub‐quorate below a threshold population size or synchronously quorate above a threshold population size. However, a growing body of literature highlights that QS can produce more nuanced, graded responses to environmental variation, implying there is no simple threshold ‘quorum’ on either the single cell or population scale. In this commentary, we discuss reaction norms as a tool to quantify and compare QS‐controlled behaviors in an environmental context.
Trends in instrument preference for operative vaginal delivery in a tertiary referral center: 2008–2021
Authors: Crowley Clare M. , Lang Niamh A. , O'Leary Bobby D. , Geary Michael P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine temporal trends in operative vaginal deliveries as well as the ratio between vacuum and forceps deliveries over 15 years in a large tertiary hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed prospectively collected data from 2008 to 2021. Women with greater than 37 weeks of gestation who underwent an operative vaginal delivery were included. The rate and ratio of instrumental deliveries and perineal trauma were recorded.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2021 there was a total of 109 230 term deliveries, of which 20 151 were an operative vaginal delivery. The rate of operative vaginal delivery as a proportion of all term deliveries decreased from 21.9% (1547 of 7069) in 2008 to 17.1% in 2021 (1428 of 8338, P < 0.001). The ratio between vacuum and forceps‐assisted deliveries decreased significantly over the study period, from 7.06 in 2008 to 2.39 in 2021 (P < 0.001). Perineal trauma remained unchanged during the study period.ConclusionOperative vaginal delivery rates declined over the 15‐year study period. While vacuum‐assisted vaginal deliveries remain the favored instrument, forceps‐assisted deliveries are becoming more prevalent. The cause for this change in practice is unclear but is likely multifactorial.
E‐CNNet: Time‐reassigned Multisynchrosqueezing transform‐based deep learning framework for MI‐BCI task classification
Authors: Kaur Manvir , Upadhyay Rahul , Kumar Vinay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe classification of electroencephalograms‐based motor imagery signals poses a significant issue in the design and development of brain‐computer interfaces. Neural Networks are observed to be successful in classification of motor imagery brain signals. However, the existing motor imagery data sets are of limited size and suffer from low signal to noise ratio. Hence, to achieve high performance with small datasets, this paper proposes a novel combination of time frequency analysis along with deep learning network to perform the brain signal classification task. The proposed framework consists of two parts: (1) Time‐reassigned Multisynchrosqueezing Transform to efficiently capture the dynamic properties of non‐stationary EEG; and (2) A new hybrid model E‐CNNet is proposed for feature extraction and classification of brain signals. A robust classification pipeline is constructed to classify the extracted features into respective motor imagery tasks. Ensemble of boosting classifiers is used to generate the final predictions, thus, reducing the variance and bias of individual classifiers. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated using two publicly available datasets: BCI competition III, dataset IIIa and BCI competition IV, dataset IIa. We have obtained the average classification accuracy of 94.44% on BCI competition III, dataset IIIa and 89.25% on BCI competition IV, dataset IIa.
Protein lysine four‐carbon acylations in health and disease
Authors: Fang Yi , Li Xiaoling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLysine acylation, a type of posttranslational protein modification sensitive to cellular metabolic states, influences the functions of target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. Particularly, lysine butyrylation, crotonylation, β‐hydroxybutyrylation, and 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation, four types of four‐carbon acylations, are modulated by intracellular concentrations of their respective acyl‐CoAs and sensitive to alterations of nutrient metabolism induced by cellular and/or environmental signals. In this review, we discussed the metabolic pathways producing these four‐carbon acyl‐CoAs, the regulation of lysine acylation and deacylation, and the functions of individual lysine acylation.
Validation of quantitative prognostic prediction using ADV score for resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Korea–Japan collaborative study with 9200 patients
Authors: Kang Woo‐Hyoung , Hwang Shin , Kaibori Masaki , Kim Jong Man , Kim Kyung Sik , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kayashima Hiroto , Koh Yang Seok , Kubota Keiichi , Mori Akira , Takeda Yutaka , Yun Sung Su , Matsui Kousuke , Toriguchi Kan , Nagano Hiroaki , Yoon Myung Hee , Soejima Yuji , Ariizumi Shunichi , Kim Bum‐Soo , Park Yohan , Yu Hee Chul , Kim Bong Wan , Lee Jung Bok , Park Sang‐Jae , Jang Jin‐Young , Yamaue Hiroki , Nakamura Masafumi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Endo Itaru ,   Collaboration of Korean Association of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery,   Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundA score derived from the concentrations of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and tumor volume (TV), called ADV score, has been shown to be prognostic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence following hepatic resection (HR) or liver transplantation.MethodsThis multicenter, multinational validation study included 9200 patients who underwent HR from 2010 to 2017 at 10 Korean and 73 Japanese centers, and were followed up until 2020.ResultsAFP, DCP, and TV showed weak correlations (ρ ≤ .463, r ≤ .189, p < .001). Disease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and post‐recurrence survival rates were dependent on 1.0 log and 2.0 log intervals of ADV scores (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that ADV score cutoffs of 5.0 log for DFS and OS yielded the areas under the curve ≥ .577, with both being significantly prognostic of tumor recurrence and patient mortality at 3 years. ADV score cutoffs of ADV 4.0 log and 8.0 log, derived through K‐adaptive partitioning method, showed higher prognostic contrasts in DFS and OS. ROC curve analysis showed that an ADV score cutoff of 4.2 log was suggestive of microvascular invasion, with both microvascular invasion and an ADV score cutoff of 4.2 log showing similar DFS rates.ConclusionsThis international validation study demonstrated that ADV score is an integrated surrogate biomarker for post‐resection prognosis of HCC. Prognostic prediction using ADV score can provide reliable information that can assist in planning treatment of patients with different stages of HCC and guide individualized post‐resection follow‐up based on the relative risk of HCC recurrence.
Content analysis of infanticide and neonaticide cases in the UK
Authors: Greenwood Katie , Synnott John , Ioannou Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwenty cases, 14 infanticides and 6 neonaticides committed between 1989 and 2020 by biological mothers were analysed using Smallest Space Analysis for the presence of themes. Three themes associated with offender motivation were identified: Desperation, Disturbance and Rejection. Desperation theme included variables suggesting the mother committed the crime as a result of distress or perceived necessity. Disturbance suggested the motivation behind the offence to be as a result of the mother's caregiving role being disturbed; and the Rejection theme explained complete maternal rejection of the infant or new‐born as the motivation behind the crime. Alongside the themes, three core variables were identified to be common for the crime regardless of motivation: the crime being committed at Home, the victim Female, and the crime being Denied by the mother. The implications of the findings are discussed including the potential for an investigative support tool and developing understandings of neonaticide and infanticide as separate crimes.
CMTM6 recruits T cells within the endocervical adenocarcinoma microenvironment and suppresses cell proliferation via the p53 pathway
Authors: Liang Hao‐Yu , Chen Shi‐Lu , Cai Shao‐Hang , Zhang Shi‐Wen , Yang Xia , Wei Li‐Jun , Luo Rong‐Zhen , Liu Li‐Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), harboring poor prognosis, is divided into human papilloma virus (HPV)‐associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non‐HPVA (NHPVA), each consisting of a heterogeneous immune microenvironment. We aim to examine the effect of CKLF‐like MARVEL transmembrane domain 6 (CMTM6), a key regulator of PD‐L1, on ECA. Immunohistochemistry and RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) were used to detect CMTM6, Programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and immune cells biomarkers levels in tumors. RT‐qPCR and Western Blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein level changed in cells. The expression of CMTM6 in ECA is upregulated compared to cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues. More infiltrating T cells were observed in CMTM6high ECA tissues, especially in CMTM6high HPVA. Higher expression of CMTM6 is associated with a higher rate of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in HPVA, but not in NHPVA. ECA patients were divided into three groups according to the co‐expression status of CMTM6 and PD‐L1(CPS). Patients with CMTM6high/PD‐L1(CPS+) had the longest OS and DFS, especially in NHPVA patients. Moreover, knock down of CMTM6 promotes ECA cell proliferation via the p53 pathway. CMTM6 recruits T cells, suppresses ECA cell proliferation via the p53 pathway and can be used as a novel prognostic indicator for ECA patients.
Lower prevalence of anti‐HTLV‐1 as expected by previous models among first‐time blood donors in Japan
Authors: Satake Masahiro , Sagara Yasuko , Hamaguchi Isao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn estimated 1.08 million carriers of human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1) were living in Japan in 2006–2007. Since that study, new data on horizontal infection, nationwide antenatal screening for anti‐HTLV‐1 in pregnant women, and social educational campaigns on HTLV‐1 infection have emerged in Japan. To estimate the current number of HTLV‐1 carriers in Japan, confirmed HTLV‐1 infections among first‐time blood donors in 2020–2021 from across Japan were investigated. Age‐, sex‐ and geographic area‐specific information associated with HTLV‐1 antibody detection was evaluated. Data obtained were compared with predictions based on 2006–2007 data, considering a birth cohort effect that assumed lifelong maintenance of seropositivity. HTLV‐1 seroprevalence in women was almost equivalent to that in men. The prevalence in men was similar to that predicted from 2006 to 2007 data. In contrast, the prevalence in women was lower in all age strata than that predicted by each birth cohort. The estimate for the entirety of Japan was 534 000 carriers from measured prevalence, whereas that from the birth cohort effect‐adjusted prevalence was 658 000. The number of HTLV‐1 carriers in Japan was estimated to have decreased by approximately 40% during the past 14 years.
Droughts during the last 2000 years in a tropical sub‐humid environment in central Mexico
Authors: Caballero Margarita , Lozano‐García Socorro , Romero Mercedes Vázquez , Sosa Susana 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTHigh‐quality records of hydroclimate variability in central Mexico during the last 2000 years are necessary to better understand human–environment interactions in Mesoamerica. Of particular interest are the climatic conditions during the Epiclassic period (ad 600–900), as droughts have been associated with a cultural demise occurring around
ad 900–1000. We reconstruct the hydroclimate history of the last 2000 years based on a sediment record from a drought‐sensitive lake located near one of the most important Epiclassic city‐states in Mesoamerica. Titanium concentrations, pollen and diatoms give a consistent environmental signal of five droughts occurring at about: (i)
ad 50–250, (ii)
ad 700–950, (iii)
ad 1200–1300, (iv)
ad 1450–1550 and (v)
ad 1760–1820. Some droughts were associated with cooler climatic conditions, and all of them framed major historical events. Our results show that the great cultural development of the Epiclassic period (
ad 600–900) was framed by a scenario of drought conditions followed by abandonment at
ad 900–1000. A brief return to moister conditions is recorded before another drought during the time of the fall of the city‐state of Tula (1200). European contact (1521) and the War of Independence (1810–20) also occurred during times of drought.