bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nozzle spacing on the electric field and fiber size distribution in a multi‐nozzle electrospinning system
Authors: Jin Jinghao , Yeom Seung Ho , Lee Hyung Ju , Choi Chang Kyoung , Lee Seong Hyuk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the characteristics of nanofiber uniformity in a multi‐nozzle electrospinning system widely used to prepare nanofiber matrix. The effect of nozzle spacing on the electric field and nanofiber diameter uniformity is analyzed using a four‐nozzle electrospinning system. The electric field distribution at the nozzle tip at different nozzle spacings is simulated numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. Simulation results find that as nozzle spacings increase from 1 to 5 cm, the average electric field intensity at 1 mm from the tip of four nozzles increases from 32.46 to 40.08 kV/cm. Variations of electric field intensity at a given spacing decrease from 11% to 3.2% for spacings of 1 to 5 cm. Corresponding experiments are conducted with a gelatin solution. As the nozzle spacing increases, the four nozzles produce nanofibers with diameters of 88–508 nm, 112–498 nm, and 90–418 nm. Nanofiber diameter uniformity increases, and the average diameter decreases from 268 to 222 nm. In addition, the effect that changes in voltages and nozzle‐to‐collector distances have on fiber diameter is also studied. The experiments show that nanofiber diameter decreased as voltage increased and increased as nozzle‐to‐collector distance increased.
Triazolo‐linked benzimidazoles as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and DNA intercalators: Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, and docking studies
Authors: Laxmikeshav Kritika , Sayali Mone , Devabattula Geetanjali , Valapil Durgesh G. , Mahale Ashutosh , Sharma Pravesh , George Joel , Phanindranath Regur , Godugu Chandraiah , Kulkarni Onkar P. , Nagesh Narayana , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA simple “click” protocol was employed in the quest of synthesizing 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked benzimidazoles as promising anticancer agents on various human cancer cell lines such as A549, HCT116, SK‐Mel‐28, HT‐29, and MCF‐7. Compound 12j demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential towards SK‐Mel‐28 cancer cells (IC50: 4.17 ± 0.09 µM) and displayed no cytotoxicity (IC50: > 100 µM) against normal human BEAS‐2B cells inferring its safety towards normal healthy cells. Further to comprehend the underlying apoptosis mechanisms, AO/EB, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), and 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed, which revealed the nuclear and morphological alterations. Compound 12j displayed impairment in cellular migration and inhibited colony formation. The annexin V binding assay and JC‐1 were implemented to evaluate the scope of apoptosis and the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in SK‐Mel‐28 cells. Cell‐cycle analysis revealed that compound 12j arrested the cells at the G2/M phase in a dose‐dependent manner. Target‐based assays established the inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 12j at an IC50 value of 5.65  ± 0.05 μM and its effective binding with circulating tumor DNA as a DNA intercalator. The detailed binding interactions of 12j with tubulin and DNA were examined by docking studies on PDB ID: 3E22 and DNA hexamer (PDB ID: 1NAB), respectively.
Quantitative Detection of 15 Serum Bile Acid Metabolic Products by LC/MS/MS in the Diagnosis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Liu Dan , Li Guo , Liu Dongdong , Shi Wen , Wang Huimin , Zhang Qiaoxuan , Shen Min , Huang Xianzhang , Lin Haibiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo determine 15 bile acid metabolic products in human serum by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and value their diagnostic outcome in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Serum from 20 healthy controls and 26 patients with PBC were collected and went LC/MS/MS analysis of 15 bile acid metabolic products. The test results were analyzed by bile acid metabolomics, and the potential biomarkers were screened and their diagnostic performance was judged by statistical methods such as principal component and partial least squares discriminant analysis and area under curve (AUC). 8 differential metabolites can be screened out: Deoxycholic acid (DCA), Glycine deoxycholic acid (GDCA), Lithocholic acid (LCA), Glycine ursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), Taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), Glycine chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA). The performance of the biomarkers was evaluated by the AUC, specificity and sensitivity. In conclusion, DCA, GDCA, LCA, GUDCA, TLCA, TUDCA, TDCA and GCDCA were identified as eight potential biomarkers to distinguish between healthy people and PBC patients by multivariate statistical analysis, which provided reliable experimental basis for clinical practice.
Scouting Different Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Chemotypes in Silico To Guide the Design of Anti‐inflammatory/Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Cichero Elena , Rapetti Federica , Lusardi Matteo , Scarano Naomi , Alfei Silvana , Altieri Paola , Garibaldi Silvano , Ameri Pietro , Grazia Signorello Maria , Brullo Chiara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring the last years, we developed a large library of new selective phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitors, maintaining the catechol portion of the well‐known PDE4 inhibitor Rolipram, featuring different substitutions in place of the lactam group of this reference compound. Based on the X‐ray analysis of PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) previously synthesized by us and of naphthyridine‐ and naphthyridinone‐containing derivatives exhibiting PDE4 inhibitory ability described in the literature, we designed and synthesized new compounds 1–3. All of them were screened in silico as putative PDE4Is, via molecular docking studies to exploit structural variation at the catechol group to gain further contacts especially with the flat aromatic residues (Phe506 and Phe538) of enzyme. Subsequent in silico prediction of ADMET properties and in vitro biological assays on platelets and endothelial cells are in good agreement with our previous data concerning the antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory activity exhibited by our previous PDE4Is and similarly to other well‐known PDE4Is.
Dietary supplement use among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Hudson Melissa M. , Chen Fan , Li Zhongyu , Huang I‐Chan , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Brinkman Tara M. , Klosky James , Ojha Rohit P. , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdult survivors of childhood cancer have poor adherence to nutrition guidelines and inadequate intake of dietary vitamins D and E, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and calcium. The contribution of vitamin and mineral supplement use to total nutrient intake in this population is unclear.MethodsWe examined the prevalence and dose of nutrient intake among 2570 adult survivors of childhood cancer participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, and the association of dietary supplement use with treatment exposures, symptom burden, and quality of life.ResultsNearly 40% of the adult survivors of cancer survivors reported regular use of dietary supplements. Although cancer survivors who used dietary supplements were less likely to have inadequate intake of several nutrients, they were also more likely to have excessive intake (total nutrient intake ≥ tolerable upper intake levels) of folate (15.4% vs. 1.3%), vitamin A (12.2% vs. 0.2%), iron (27.8% vs. 1.2%), zinc (18.6% vs. 1%), and calcium (5.1% vs. 0.9%) compared with survivors who did not use dietary supplements (all p < 0.05). Treatment exposures, symptom burden, and physical functioning were not associated with supplement use, whereas emotional well‐being and vitality were positively associated with supplement use among childhood cancer survivors.ConclusionsSupplement use is associated with both inadequate and excessive intake of specific nutrients, but positively impacts aspects of quality of life among childhood cancer survivors.
Neuronal circuits within the homing pigeon hippocampal formation
Authors: Rook Noemi , Stacho Martin , Schwarz Ariane , Bingman Verner P. , Güntürkün Onur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to reveal in detail patterns of intrahippocampal connectivity in homing pigeons (Columba livia). In light of recent physiological evidence suggesting differences between dorsomedial and ventrolateral hippocampal regions and a hitherto unknown laminar organization along the transverse axis, we also aimed to gain a higher‐resolution understanding of the proposed pathway segregation. Both in vivo and high‐resolution in vitro tracing techniques were employed and revealed a complex connectivity pattern along the subdivisions of the avian hippocampus. We uncovered connectivity pathways along the transverse axis that started in the dorsolateral hippocampus and continued to the dorsomedial subdivision, from where information was relayed to the triangular region either directly or indirectly via the V‐shaped layers. The often‐reciprocal connectivity along these subdivisions displayed an intriguing topographical arrangement such that two parallel pathways could be discerned along the ventrolateral (deep) and dorsomedial (superficial) aspects of the avian hippocampus. The segregation along the transverse axis was further supported by expression patterns of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and calbindin. Moreover, we found strong expression of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase IIα and doublecortin in the lateral but not medial V‐shape layer, indicating a difference between the two V‐shaped layers. Overall, our findings provide an unprecedented, detailed description of avian intrahippocampal pathway connectivity, and confirm the recently proposed segregation of the avian hippocampus along the transverse axis. We also provide further support for the hypothesized homology of the lateral V‐shape layer and the dorsomedial hippocampus with the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn of mammals, respectively.
Design of a portable implementation of partitioned point‐to‐point communication primitives
Authors: Marts W. Pepper , Worley Andrew , Soundarajan Prema , Schafer Derek , Dosanjh Matthew G. F. , Grant Ryan E. , Bangalore Purushotham V. , Skjellum Anthony , Ghafoor Sheikh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been the dominant message passing solution for scientific computing for decades. MPI point‐to‐point communications are highly efficient mechanisms for process‐to‐process communication. However, MPI performance when processes utilize multiple threads is slowed by concurrency protections in the MPI library. MPI's current thread level interface imposes these overheads throughout the library when thread safety is needed. While much work has been done to reduce multithreading overheads in MPI, a solution is needed that reduces the number of messages exchanged in a threaded environment. Partitioned communication is included in the MPI 4.0 standard as an alternative that addresses the challenges of multithreaded communication in MPI today. Partitioned communication reduces overall message volume by creating a buffer‐sharing mechanism between threads such that they can indicate when portions of a communication buffer are available to be sent. Separation of the control and data planes in MPI is enabled by allowing persistent initialization and single occurrence message buffer matching from the indication that the data is ready to be sent. This enables the usage of underlying hardware primitives like triggered operations, where commands (destination, size, etc.) can be set up prior to data buffer readiness and readiness triggered with a simple doorbell/counter later. This approach is useful for future development of MPI operations in environments where traditional networking commands can have performance challenges, like accelerators (GPUs, FPGAs). In this paper, we detail the design and implementation of a layered library (built on top of MPI‐3.1) and an integrated Open MPI solution that supports the new, MPI‐4.0 partitioned communication feature set. The library will enable applications to use currently released MPI implementations and older legacy libraries to provide partitioned communication support while also enabling further exploration of this new communication model in new applications and use cases. We will compare the designs of the library and native Open MPI support, provide performance results and comparisons between the two approaches, and lessons learned from the implementation of partitioned communication in both library and native forms. We find that the native implementation and library have similar performance with a percentage difference under 0.94% in microbenchmarks and performance within 5% for a partitioned communication enabled proxy application.
Foliar‐applied sulfate and potassium does not reduce rice grain arsenic concentrations nor straighthead severity
Authors: Pinson Shannon R. M. , Heuschele Deborah Jo , Isbell Chris , Li Jifeng , Vandal Matthew P. , Smith Aaron P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArsenic (As) is naturally present in all soils and can accumulate to toxic levels in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains under some production conditions. It can also reduce grain yields, posing a double threat to global food security. Plant genetics can affect the amount of As accumulated in grains. A growing body of evidence suggests that one mechanism plants use to detoxify As and limit As concentrations in grains (grain‐As) is to sequester As in vegetative tissues. We evaluated 17 rice cultivars previously shown to have contrastingly high or low grain‐As. Cultivars high in grain‐As commonly transferred As out of their flag leaves during grain fill, while all eight cultivars having low grain‐As retained As in flag leaves, effectively excluding it from transfer to developing grains. Sequestration of As in cell vacuoles involves several sulfur (S)‐containing compounds. We hypothesized that enhanced leaf concentration of S via foliar fertilization could further reduce grain‐As. Effect of foliar‐S on grain‐As was studied in field‐scale and plot experiments. The plot study included cultivars known to contrastingly retain As in flag leaves during grain fill grown in both As‐enriched and Native (non‐enriched) soils, and included severity ratings for rice straighthead, an As‐induced disorder. Contrary to the hypothesis, while foliar‐S did increase grain‐S concentrations, it did not prove useful for reducing grain‐As, nor did it reduce straighthead severity, possibly because soil was not deficient in S or plants used a biochemical mechanism other than S‐related As chelation and sequestration to retain As in leaves.
Mature dendritic cells enriched in immunoregulatory molecules (mregDCs): A novel population in the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy target
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhou Jun , Huang Huanhuan , Jiang Jiahuan , Zhang Ting , Ni Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) mediate divergent immune effects by activating T cells or negatively regulating the immune response to promote immune tolerance. They perform specific functions determined by their tissue distribution and maturation state. Traditionally, immature and semimature DCs were described to have immunosuppressive effects, leading to immune tolerance. Nonetheless, recent research has demonstrated that mature DCs can also suppress the immune response under certain circumstances.Main bodyMature DCs enriched in immunoregulatory molecules (mregDCs) have emerged as a regulatory module across species and tumour types. Indeed, the distinct roles of mregDCs in tumour immunotherapy have sparked the interest of researchers in the field of single‐cell omics. In particular, these regulatory cells were found to be associated with a positive response to immunotherapy and a favourable prognosis.ConclusionHere, we provide a general overview of the latest and most notable advances and recent findings regarding the basic features and complex roles of mregDCs in nonmalignant diseases and the tumour microenvironment. We also emphasise the important clinical implications of mregDCs in tumours.
In a niche‐neutral continuum, a set of theoretical models in a metacommunity operates simultaneously in patchy habitats
Authors: Yunoki Takayuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the origins and maintenance of biodiversity by integrating ecological and evolutionary mechanisms into a spatially‐explicit synthesis between niche‐based processes and neutral dynamics (ND). An individual‐based model on a two‐dimensional grid with periodic boundary conditions was used to compare a niche‐neutral continuum induced in contrasting spatial and environmental settings while characterizing the operational scaling of deterministic‐stochastic processes. The spatially‐explicit simulations revealed three major findings. First, the number of guilds in a system approaches a stationary state and the species composition in a system converges to a dynamic equilibrium of ecologically‐equivalent species generated by the speciation–extinction balance. This convergence of species composition can be argued under a point mutation mode of speciation and niche conservatism due to the duality of ND. Second, the dispersal modes of biota may affect how the influence of environmental filtering changes across ecological–evolutionary scales. This influence is greatest in compactly‐packed areas within biogeographic units for large‐bodied active dispersers, such as fish. Third, the species are filtered along the environmental gradient and the coexistence of ecologically‐different species in each local community in a homogeneous environment is allowed by dispersals in a set of local communities. Therefore, the ND among the single‐guild species, extinction–colonization trade‐off among species of similar environmental optima and different levels of specialization, and mass effect, such as weak species–environment associations, operate simultaneously in patchy habitats. In spatially‐explicit synthesis, characterizing where a metacommunity falls along a niche‐neutral continuum is too superficial and involves an abstraction that any biological process is probabilistic; therefore, they are dynamic–stochastic processes. The general patterns observed in the simulations allowed a theoretical synthesis of a metacommunity and explained the complex patterns observed in the real world.
Review of range‐wide vital rates quantifies eastern wild Turkey population trajectory
Authors: Londe David W. , Moeller Anna K. , Lukacs Paul M. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Davis Craig A. , Elmore Robert Dwayne , Chitwood M. Colter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent declines in eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) have prompted increased interest in management and research of this important game species. However, the mechanisms underlying these declines are unclear, leaving uncertainty in how best to manage this species. Foundational to effective management of wildlife species is understanding the biotic and abiotic factors that influence demographic parameters and the contribution of vital rates to population growth. Our objectives for this study were to (1) conduct a literature review to collect all published vital rates for eastern wild turkey over the last 50 years, (2) perform a scoping review of the biotic and abiotic factors that have been studied relative to wild turkey vital rates and highlight areas that require additional research, and (3) use the published vital rates to populate a life‐stage simulation analysis (LSA) and identify the vital rates that make the greatest contribution to population growth. Based on published vital rates for eastern wild turkey, we estimated a mean asymptotic population growth rate (λ) of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.71, 1.12). Vital rates associated with after‐second‐year (ASY) females were most influential in determining population growth. Survival of ASY females had the greatest elasticity (0.53), while reproduction of ASY females had lower elasticity (0.21), but high process variance, causing it to explain a greater proportion of variance in λ. Our scoping review found that most research has focused on the effects of habitat characteristics at nest sites and the direct effects of harvest on adult survival, while research on topics such as disease, weather, predators, or anthropogenic activity on vital rates has received less attention. We recommend that future research take a more mechanistic approach to understanding variation in wild turkey vital rates as this will assist managers in determining the most appropriate management approach.
Thermal heterogeneity is an important factor for maintaining the genetic differentiation pattern of the pelagic barnacle Lepas anatifera in the northwest Pacific
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Nie , Hu Li‐Sha , Chen Zhao‐Hui , Dong Yun‐Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMacrobenthic invertebrates are ubiquitously distributed in the epipelagic zone of the open ocean. Yet, our understanding of their genetic structure patterns remains poorly understood. Investigating the genetic differentiation patterns of pelagic Lepas anatifera and clarifying the potential roles of temperature maintaining this pattern are crucial for our understanding of the distribution and biodiversity of pelagic macrobenthos. In the present study, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA COI) from three South China Sea (SCS) populations and six Kuroshio Extension (KE) region populations of L. anatifera sampled from fixed buoys and genome‐wide SNPs from a subset of populations (two SCS populations and four KE region populations) were sequenced and analyzed for investigating the genetic pattern of the pelagic barnacle. Water temperature was different among sampling sites; in other words, the water temperature decreased with latitude increases, and the water temperature on the surface was higher than in the subsurface. Our result showed that three lineages with clear genetic differentiation were found in different geographical locations and depths based on mtDNA COI, all SNPs, neutral SNPs, and outlier SNPs. Lineage 1 and lineage 2 were dominant in the subsurface populations and surface populations from the KE region, respectively. Lineage 3 was dominant in the SCS populations. Historical events during the Pliocene epoch shaped the differentiation of the three lineages, while, nowadays, temperature heterogeneity maintains the current genetic pattern of L. anatifera in the northwest Pacific. The subsurface populations were genetically isolated from the surface populations in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region, implying small‐scale vertical thermal heterogeneity was also an important factor maintaining the genetic differentiation pattern of the pelagic species.