bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Water Meter Inaccuracies Caused By Intermittent Water Supply: A Laboratory Investigation of Remedial Measures
Authors: Ferrante Marco , Rogers Dewi , Mugabi Josses , Casinini Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe interruption of supply in water distribution systems is a common management practice particularly prevalent in developing countries. Upon reopening, the air is expelled through user service pipes, which causes over-reading and seriously impacts the water meter reliability. This paper aims to assess by laboratory tests the effects of air flow on water meter performance by laboratory tests, using a set-up with diameters comparable to those of real water systems. The improvements introduced by applying unmeasured-flow reducer and air valves at different locations are also tested. The relevance of the results of the laboratory activity for practical applications is discussed, both for reducing the over-reading and improving the reliability of the water meters.
Evolutionary stasis: creationism, evolution and climate change in the Accelerated Christian Education curriculum
Authors: Scaramanga Jenna , Reiss Michael J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere has been little consideration in the science education literature of schools or curricula that advocate creationism. Accelerated Christian Education (ACE) is among the world’s largest providers of creationist science materials with a curriculum divided into a system of workbooks which students complete at their own speed. This article examines the ways in which ACE presents particular areas of science that it considers to be contentious, namely evolution and climate change. The ACE curriculum has recently been rewritten, and we show that, like previous editions, the current curriculum relies on rote memorisation to the exclusion of other styles of learning, and that information presented is often misleading or distorted. Religious explanations of natural phenomena are sometimes given in place of scientific ones, and creationist assumptions are inserted into lessons not directly related to evolution or the Big Bang. Those who reject creationism are depicted as making an immoral choice. ACE’s recent curricula also add material denying the role of humans in climate change. It is argued that both the teaching methods and content of the ACE curriculum place students at an educational disadvantage.
Intestinal Disaccharidase Deficiency in Adults: Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Viswanathan Lavanya , Rao Satish SC 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Disaccharidase deficiency in adults causes carbohydrate malabsorption, resulting in symptoms which significantly overlap with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of disaccharidase deficiency within the context of recent literature.

Recent Findings
Disaccharidase deficiency in adults is more common than previously thought, which includes lactase, sucrase, maltase and isomaltase enzymes. Deficiency in disaccharidases, which are produced by the intestinal brush border, will interfere with the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates and may result in abdominal pain, gas, bloating and diarrhea. Patients deficient in all 4 disaccharidases are known as having “pan-disaccharidase” deficiency, which has a distinct phenotype with more reported weight loss than patients deficient in one enzyme. IBS patients who do not respond to low FODMAP dietary restriction may have undiagnosed disaccharidase deficiency and may benefit from testing. Diagnostic testing methods are limited to duodenal biopsies, which is the gold standard, and breath testing. Dietary restriction and enzyme replacement therapy have been shown to be effective treatments in these patients.

Summary
Disaccharidase deficiency is an underdiagnosed condition in adults with chronic GI symptoms. Patients who do not respond to traditional treatment strategies for DBGI may benefit from testing for disaccharidase deficiency. Further studies delineating the distinctions between disaccharidase deficient patients and those with other motility disorders are needed.
MINOCA and INOCA: Role in Heart Failure
Authors: Almeida Ana G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Infarction (MINOCA) and ischaemia (INOCA) with non-obstructive coronary disease are recent non-conventional presentations of coronary syndromes that are increasingly recognised in the clinical arena, particularly with the availability of new cardiovascular imaging techniques. Both are related to heart failure (HF). MINOCA is not associated with benign outcomes, and HF is among the most prevalent events. Regarding INOCA, microvascular dysfunction has also been found to associate with HF, particularly with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Recent Findings
Regardless of the several aetiologies underlying HF in MINOCA, it is likely related to LV dysfunction, where secondary prevention is not yet clearly established. Regarding INOCA, coronary microvascular ischaemia has been associated to endothelial dysfunction leading ultimately to diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.

Summary
MINOCA and INOCA are clearly related to HF. In both, there is a lack of studies on the identification of the risk factors for HF, diagnostic workup and, importantly, the appropriate primary and secondary prevention strategies.
An exploratory psychometric network analysis of loneliness scales in a sample of older adults
Authors: Thompson Alexandra , Pollet Thomas V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo examine the relationships within and between commonly used measures of loneliness to determine the suitability of the measures in older adults. Further, to determine whether certain items in these measures are more psychometrically robust in terms of capturing different types of loneliness across this population. Data were obtained from 350 older adults via completion of an online survey. Four measures of loneliness were completed. These were the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale 4 (Version 3), the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (Short Version) and a direct measure of loneliness. Analysis via a regularized partial correlation network and via clique percolation revealed that only the SELSA-S encompassed loneliness relating to deficits in social, family and romantic relationships. The remaining measures tapped mostly into social loneliness alone. The direct measure of loneliness had the strongest connection to the UCLA item-4 and the de Jong Gierveld item-1 exhibited the strongest bridge centrality, being a member of the most clusters. The results indicate that should researchers be interested in assessing loneliness resulting from specific relationships, then the SELSA-S would be the most suitable measure. Whereas the other measures are suitable for assessing loneliness more generally. The results further suggest that the de Jong Gierveld item-1 may be a more suitable direct measure of loneliness than that currently employed as it taps into a greater number of relationships.
Macrofauna Community Dynamics and Food Webs in the Canopy-forming Macroalgae and the Associated Detrital Subsidies
Authors: Kahma T. I. , Norkko A. , Rodil I. F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDietary variability and the degradation and incorporation of macroalgae in key macroinvertebrate consumers were examined (1) in a monitoring field study including a natural attached canopy habitat and an adjacent habitat receiving natural accumulations of detritus, and (2) in a manipulative in situ experiment of macroalgal detritus at two different depths (3 and 6 m) in the archipelago of SW Finland. The monitoring field study, examining species-specific dietary responses across three sampling dates in natural macroalgal stands, showed that a pulse of drifting filamentous macroalgae shaped the dietary compositions of the abundant benthic macroinvertebrate consumers and that accumulations of drifting filamentous macroalgae were rapidly incorporated into the food web through epigrazers. The in situ field experiment simulating a natural accumulation event and the degradation process of Fucus vesiculosus during 60 days showed that algal decomposition progressed relatively slowly at both depths. Detectable increasing incorporation of Fucus-derived matter to epigrazers and detritivorous bivalves occurred after 2−3 weeks, while simultaneously the incorporation of filamentous algae decreased over time. Hence, the ecological role of decomposing F. vesiculosus might be more important in areas where the algal matter can accumulate for several months. The effect of depth influenced the food incorporation of typical epigrazers. The increasing depth from 3 to 6 m lowered the median proportion of Fucus-derived matter incorporated into the macrofauna community approximately by 10% points compared to the shallower depth of 3 m.
A stochastic optimization approach for optimal Tail Assignment with knowledge-based predictive maintenance
Authors: Glomb Lukas , Liers Frauke , Rösel Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent developments in the field of data analysis offer enormous potential to derive predictions of future aircraft maintenance necessities from observable aircraft attributes. This procedure is called Predictive Maintenance. The Predictive Maintenance generates considerable business benefits compared to alternatives like reactive or preventive maintenance for various reasons. Nevertheless, recognizing a maintenance necessity is only the first step, since the execution of the maintenance action has to fit into the airlines operational schedule. An essential step to realize financial benefits is to integrate Predictive Maintenance into the airlines optimization processes. To contribute to this task, we expand a well-known Tail Assignment model for the assignment of a potentially heterogeneous fleet of aircraft to a schedule of flights by a number of part failure scenarios. This results in a stochastic mixed integer linear optimization program, for which an optimization algorithm with solution guarantees is developed. This optimization algorithm is based on Benders Decomposition, which is concretized for the Tail Assignment problem and optimized for this task. Using this algorithm, a large proportion of the recovery costs for almost all instances tested is saved. The algorithm solves all instances in a reasonable amount of time. The algorithm uses a state-of-the-art mixed-integer linear solver, implementing a decomposition-based solution procedure for stochastic programs, called the L-shaped method. To demonstrate the potential of the approach, we benchmark our results using four strategies, motivated by commonly used preventive, reactive and passive approaches. Our approach leads to considerable cost savings when compared to each of the four benchmark approaches. The algorithms are tested on a set of instances with up to 80 flights based on a pre-pandemic schedule of a larger German airline. To the best of our knowledge, this article presents the first attempt to implement an exact optimization approach integrating malfunction predictions of the form presented into a Tail Assignment model.
An Efficient Design and Control Techniques of Photo-Voltaic Pumping System (PVPS)
Authors: Ammar Hossam Hassan , Mahmoud Mohamed I. , Azar Ahmad Taher , Shalaby Raafat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, new methods for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic pumping systems are presented (PVPS). A feasible implementation of battery-free PVPS, as well as a cost-effective design, has been proposed. The variation of the PV power causes its behaviour to transit permanently between the characteristics of constant current sources and constant voltage sources, which is studied in this paper from a new perspective. The inconsistency of PV generator behaviour reveals an unexpected phenomenon in the operation of induction motors (IM). To overcome the effects of fluctuating PV behaviour on IM operation, a modified fractional order MPPT controller (FO-MPPT) has been proposed. FO-MPPT has improved as a result of the use of several metaheuristics approaches, including the Grey Wolf (GWO), Anti-lion (ALO), and Whale Optimizer (WOA). A comparison of the proposed FO-MPPT and conventional MPPT techniques is carried out. The steady-state power, rise time, and efficiency are used as three measures to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed controller, demonstrating that the FO-MPPT outperforms traditional MPPT techniques. The optimal FO-ability MPPT’s to regulate nonlinear and unpredictable dynamic loads is demonstrated.
Analysis of Traction Coefficient Subject to Rail Cleaning Effect Based on Tribomachine Measurements
Authors: Bernal E. , Camacho D. , Rahaman M.L. , Spiryagin M. , Wu Q. , Sneath B. , Bosomworth C. , Cole C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe proper representation of friction contact conditions between each wheel and the rail is necessary to accurately model the behaviour of a heavy haul locomotive since friction conditions at the wheel-rail interface affect the locomotive’s dynamic performance under traction and braking conditions. In normal operations, a phenomenon commonly known as rail cleaning effect occurs. The rail cleaning effect causes increased friction coefficients between the following wheel treads and the rail head. The wheel-rail interaction causes the third body layer to be partly or wholly eliminated from the surfaces in contact and generates new layer. An experimental analysis of the changes in friction coefficients under simulated locomotive wheel-rail contact conditions, in terms of contact pressure and slip, is presented in this paper. For this study, data processing equations are presented to obtain the experimental traction coefficient and slip. Furthermore, the rail cleaning effect is examined under different slip conditions. The experiment shows the traction coefficient increases for a given number of cycles until reaching a steady value, demonstrating that the rail cleaning effect is measurable in various slip conditions on a twin disc machine.
Adaptiveness for Online Learning: Conceptualising ‘Online Learning Dexterity’ from Higher Education Students’ Experiences
Authors: Koh Joyce Hwee Ling , Daniel Ben Kei , Greenman Angela C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOnline learning dexterity, or the ability to effortlessly adapt to online learning situations, has become critical since the COVID-19 pandemic, but its processes are not well-understood. Using grounded theory, this study develops a paradigm model of online learning dexterity from semi-structured interviews with 32 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a university in New Zealand. Through students’ online learning experiences during the pandemic from 2020 to 2021, online learning dexterity is found to be how students make online learning ‘just as good’ as face-to-face learning by creating and adjusting five learning manoeuvres according to developing online learning circumstances. Undergraduates and postgraduates re-use familiar study strategies as deep learning manoeuvres, but undergraduates restrict support-seeking manoeuvres to lecturers. Technical problems with online systems and poor course organisation by lecturers affected learning productivity, resulting in the need for more time optimisation manoeuvres. Social support helped students activate persistence manoeuvres to sustain online class attendance. However, undergraduates had more problems sustaining interest and engagement during class as they were not as proficient with using learning presence manoeuvres as postgraduates enrolled in distance learning programmes. The theoretical and practical significance of online learning dexterity for post-pandemic higher education is discussed.
Protein restriction during peripubertal period impairs endothelial aortic function in adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Souza Amanda Cristina de , Silva Deborah Gomes da , Jezuíno Juliana da Silva , Ferreira Anna Rebeka Oliveira , Ribeiro Maiara Vanusa Guedes , Vidigal Camila Borecki , Moura Kawane Fabricio , Erthal Rafaela Pires , Mathias Paulo Cezar de Freitas , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo Alves , Palma-Rigo Kesia , Ceravolo Graziela Scalianti 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein restriction during early phases of body development, such as intrauterine life can favor the development of vascular disorders. However, it is not known if peripubertal protein restriction can favor vascular dysfunction in adulthood. The present study aimed to evaluated whether a protein restriction diet during peripubertal period favors endothelial dysfunction in adulthood. Male Wistar rats from postnatal day (PND) 30 until 60 received a diet with either 23% protein (CTR group) or with 4% protein (LP group). At PND 120, the thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside was evaluated in the presence or absence of: endothelium, indomethacin, apocynin and tempol. The maximum response (Rmax) and pD2 (-log of the concentration of the drug that causes 50% of the Rmax) were calculated. The lipid peroxidation and catalase activity were also evaluated in the aorta. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (one or two-ways and Tukey’s) or independent t-test; the results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M., p < 0.05. The Rmax to phenylephrine in aortic rings with endothelium were increased in LP rats when compared with the Rmax in CTR rats. Apocynin and tempol reduced Rmax to phenylephrine in LP aortic rings but not in CTR. The aortic response to the vasodilators was similar between the groups. Aortic catalase activity was lower and lipid peroxidation was greater in LP compared to CTR rats. Therefore, protein restriction during the peripubertal period causes endothelial dysfunction in adulthood through a mechanism related to oxidative stress.
Observational Investigation of the Effect of Turbulence on Microphysics and Precipitation in Warm Marine Boundary Layer Clouds
Authors: Zhu Zeen , Yang Fan , Kollias Pavlos , Luke Edward 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTurbulence is omnipresent in the marine boundary layer (MBL) and several mechanisms have been proposed regarding its role on MBL cloud microphysics. In particular, past modeling studies suggested that increasing turbulence broaden the droplet size distribution (DSD) and leads to precipitation initiation, this suggested relationship has not been evaluated yet using long‐term observations. Here, comprehensive retrievals from long‐term ground‐based observations are used to explore the impact of turbulence on microphysics and precipitation in drizzling MBL clouds. Our analysis supports that broader DSD and larger droplets are observed with strong turbulence, but interestingly, the precipitation is reduced instead of being enhanced. This suppression mechanism is mainly due to the entrainment and mixing process in which the entrained dry air evaporates cloud water. This study provides observational evidence to show the complex effect of turbulence on MBL cloud properties and implies the potential influence of turbulence on the clouds lifetime.
Energization of Cold Protons and Helium Ions by EMIC Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere: Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Kwon Jong‐Woo , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Jin Ho , Min Kyungguk , Lee Sang‐Yun , Lee Ensang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves generated by hot anisotropic (T⊥ > T∥) protons (∼10–100 keV), play an important role in accelerating cold (<1 eV) protons (H+) and helium (He+) ions in the magnetosphere. Using a hybrid code with parameters found in the inner magnetosphere, we examine when and how cold H+ and He+ ions are energized by EMIC waves. Hybrid simulations show that the energization of the cold particles occurs in two steps. In the first step, EMIC waves, which are linearly excited in the early stage of the simulation, interact with cold H+ and He+ ions, resulting in energization mostly in the direction perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The energization in this step is mainly contributed by enhanced bulk motion of these ions as a result of the linear response, consistent with recent observations in the inner magnetosphere. In the second step, nonlinear evolution of energized cold H+ and He+ ions are confirmed in the parallel direction, which is seen after about 200 proton gyroperiods (∼8.5 s). Throughout the simulation run, cold He+ ions are much more energized in the perpendicular direction than in the parallel direction. However, the cold protons are more energized in the parallel direction than in the perpendicular direction after 500 proton gyroperiods (∼21.3 s). By comparing recent observations and the present simulation results, we suggest that the cold particle energization by EMIC waves occurs at an early stage of wave generation when the nonlinear evolution of EMIC waves is not dominant in the inner magnetosphere.
Geophysical‐Geochemical Modeling of Deep Crustal Compositions: Examples of Continental Crust in Typical Tectonic Settings and North China Craton
Authors: Cui Dan‐Dan , Guo Jing‐Liang , Shinevar William J. , Guo Liang , Xu Wang‐Chun , Zhang Hong‐Fei , Jin Zhen‐Min 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chemical composition of the deep continental crust is key to understanding the formation and evolution of the continental crust. Constraining the chemical composition of present‐day deep continental crust is, however, limited by indirect accessibility. This paper presents a modeling method for constraining deep crustal chemical structures from observed crustal seismic structures. We compiled a set of published composition models for the continental crust to construct functional relationships between seismic wave speed and major oxide content in the crust. Phase equilibria and compressional wave speeds (VP) for each composition model were calculated over a range of depths and temperatures of the deep crust. For conditions within the alpha(α)‐quartz stability field, robust functional relationships were obtained between VP and major oxide contents of the crust. Based on these relationships, observed VP of the deep crust can be inverted to chemical compositions for regions with given geotherms. We provide a MATLAB code for this process (CalcCrustComp). We apply this method to constrain compositions from deep crustal VP of global typical tectonic settings and the North China Craton (NCC). Our modeling results suggest that the lower crust in subduction‐related and rifting‐related tectonic settings may be more mafic than platforms/shields and orogens. The low VP signature in the deep crust of the NCC can be explained by intermediate crustal compositions, higher water contents, and/or higher temperatures. The chemical structure obtained by this method can serve as a reference model to further identify deep crustal features.