bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System for IoT Application
Authors: Bhavsar Mansi , Roy Kaushik , Kelly John , Olusola Odeyomi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Internet-of-Things (IoT) connects various physical objects through the Internet and it has a wide application, such as in transportation, military, healthcare, agriculture, and many more. Those applications are increasingly popular because they address real-time problems. In contrast, the use of transmission and communication protocols have raised serious security concerns for IoT devices, and traditional methods such as signature and rule-based methods are inefficient for securing these devices. Hence, identifying network traffic behavior and mitigating cyber attacks are important in IoT to provide guaranteed network security. Therefore, we develop an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on a deep learning model called Pearson-Correlation Coefficient - Convolutional Neural Networks (PCC-CNN) to detect network anomalies. The PCC-CNN model combines the important features obtained from the linear-based extractions followed by the Convolutional Neural Network. It performs a Binary classification for Anomaly detection and also a Multiclass classification for various types of attacks. The model is evaluated on three publicly available datasets: NSL-KDD, CICIDS-2017, and IOTID20. We first train and test five different (Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, K Nearest Neighbour, Classification and Regression Tree,\& Support Vector Machine) PCC-based Machine Learning models to evaluate the model performance. We achieve the best similar accuracy from the KNN and CART model of 98\%, 99\%, and 98\%, respectively, on the three datasets. On the other hand, we achieve a promising performance with a better detection accuracy of 99.89\% and with a low misclassification rate of 0.001 with our proposed PCC-CNN model. The integrated model is promising, with a misclassification rate (or False alarm rate) of 0.02, 0.02, and 0.00 with Binary and Multiclass intrusion detection classifiers. Finally, we compare and discuss our PCC-CNN model in comparison to five traditional PCC-ML models. Our proposed Deep Learning (DL)-based IDS outperforms traditional methods.
Hybrid scale factor and Late time acceleration of universe in f (R,T) gravity
Authors: Jayas Bhojraj Singh , Bhardwaj Vinod Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have discussed a model of transitioning universe in f(R, T) gravity, depicting late-time accelerated expansion. We developed and presented exact solutions of field equations of the proposed model. The scale factor of hybrid law in the forma(t) = tαeβt, with constants α and β, is assumed to propose the explicit solution of the field equations developed for a homogeneous and isotropic universe in f(R, T) gravity. The model parameters have been extracted using the latest observational finding of the OHD data set. The best-fit values are estimated using the MCMC method. Features like the deceleration parameter and jerk parameter are explored. Further Om and statefinder diagnosis of the assumed model are also discussed for geometrical comparison with the standard ΛCDM model. We have also discussed the stability of the proposed solution through perturbation analysis.
Reappraisal of the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle with its substantial clinical applicability: Cadaveric analysis
Authors: NB Pushpa , Patra Apurba , Ravi KS , Viveka S , Pushpalatha K , MC Smitha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the anatomical diversity of the pyramidalis muscle (PM), their association with sex, laterality and possible role in muscle biomechanics.
Materials & Methods: 51 formalin-fixed cadavers (36 males and 15 females) were examined for PM. Based on the mode of insertion or the level of apex, the formation of the muscle was classified into nine patterns.
Observations: PM was more prevalent bilaterally (39.21%) than unilaterally (1.96%) (p=0.001) and more frequently in males (41.67%) than in females (40%). (p>0.05). Side symmetry was detected except in one case and Type 7 was the most common form. The mean length of PM in males and females was 4.51±0.14 and 3.33±0.12 cm on the right and 4.51±0.11 and 3.26±0.16 cm on the left side. The mean width of right-sided PMs in males and females was 1.90±0.17 and 1.58±0.13 cm and left-sided 1.88±0.14 and 1.55±0.38 cm. mean of Pyramidalis-puboumbilical index (PPI) in males and females was 32.82±1.65 and 27.50±1.08 respectively. The mean insertion angle was 24.56±3.07 on right and 23±2.03 on the left side (p=0.03). Male predominance existed on right and left-sided PM length (p<0.001 and p<0.001), width (p=0.001) and PPI (P=0.001). The strong positive correlation (r=0.83) between length and width indicates a symmetrical muscle augmentation in the two dimensions.
Conclusion: PM is an inconsistent anatomical structure with persistent morphology. The level and angle of insertion into the linea are crucial in the biomechanics of linea alba. PPI, determining the level of termination would be useful to surgeons making midline infra-umbilical incisions.
Deep-learning-based sampling position selection on color doppler sonography images during renal artery ultrasound scanning
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Yuqing , Cai Sheng , Li Jianchu , Wang Hongyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Appropriate sampling position selection is a key step of the renal artery ultrasound examination to obtain proper spectral waveform to evaluate the renal artery blood flow, which is a challenge for inexperience physicians. Based on deep learning (DL) technology, this study models sampling position selection as an object detection process in the color doppler sonography (CDS) images to assist renal artery ultrasound scanning.Methods 2004 patients received renal artery ultrasound examination in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2017 to December 2019 were included. CDS images from these patients were classified into four categories, abdominal aorta (AO), normal renal artery (NRA), renal artery stenosis (RAS), and intrarenal interlobular artery (IRA) according to scanning position, and then randomly split into model training dataset (N = 6661 images), parameter optimizing dataset (N = 441), and clinical validation dataset (N = 1243). Seven DL object detection models, including three two-stage models (Faster R-CNN, Cascade R-CNN, and Double Head R-CNN), and four one-stage models (RetinaNet, YOLOv3, FoveaBox, and Deformable DETR), were trained and evaluated. The predictive accuracy of sampling position selection was calculated as an indicator of model’s efficiency. For each model, 10 trained results were obtained and the difference of seven models’ efficiencies were compared with independent two-sample t-test.Results The Double Head R-CNN model achieved the significantly higher average accuracies on both parameter optimizing and validation datasets (89.3 ± 0.6% and 88.5 ± 0.3%) than other methods (P-value < 0.001). Performance of three two-stage DL object detection models were better than the RetinaNet, FoveaBox, and Deformable DETR (P < 0.001). On clinical validation data, predictive accuracies of the Double Head R-CNN model on four types of images (AO, NRA, RAS, and IRA) were 86.5 ± 1.1%, 90.4 ± 0.1%, 84.7 ± 1.0%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% respectively, which were all significantly higher than the other methods (P < 0.001). Besides the predictive performance of Double Head R-CNN model on NRA and IRA images were better than that on the RAS and AO (P < 0.001).Conclusions The DL object detection model achieves well predictive validity and is promising to help physicians to improve the accuracy of sampling position selection during renal artery ultrasound examination.
Sodium lactate treatment maintains the quality and promotes energy metabolism of ‘Kyoho’ table grape during storage
Authors: Yu Yihe , Sun Yadan , Meng Xiangxuan , Shi Qiaofang , Li Yiyi , Liu Hainan , Wei Tonglu , Pei Maosong , Guo Dalong , Jiang Dongming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
‘Kyoho’ grape (Vitis viniera L. × Vitis labrusca L.) is the most widely cultivated table grape variety. However, it is prone to fruit abscission after harvest, which affects the development of the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying different concentrations of sodium lactate (0.1%, 0.5% and 1% NaL) on postharvest table grape preservation. After harvesting, ‘Kyoho’ grapes were immersed in sodium lactate solution at various concentrations (0 [as control], 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% NaL) for 2min and stored at 20±1℃ for 10 days. Physiological indicators including weight loss rate, browning level of rachis, contents of vitamin C, sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability, and activities of polygalacturonase (PG), peroxidase (POD), cellulase (Cx) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were investigated. Additionally, it was also determined for ATP content, energy charge and activity of energy metabolism-related enzymes. These results showed that NaL treatment inhibited berry abscission and maintained berry quality due to the decrease of cell wall degrading enzyme activity, the increase of energy metabolism-related enzyme activities and high level of ATP content and energy charge. This study provides a new and effective method for the postharvest storage of table grapes that can help minimize economic losses.
Differences in Magnetic Resonance Imaging between the Surgical Side and Healthy Side of Knee Joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Huang Zirong , Liang Jiamin , Gao Hongliang , Chen Kan , Deng Zhenhan , Zhong Minjin , Zhu Weimin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

ObjectiveThe inclination angle of the graft and the femorotibial position relationship after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery has been widely discussed for long. However, studies comparing the surgical side with the healthy side are rarely reported. This study aimed to quantitatively describe the changes in the inclination angle of the graft and the femorotibial position relationship of the knee joint after ACL reconstruction relative to the healthy side based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), so as to identify effective indicators for quantifying the femorotibial relationship.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 50 cases of ACL reconstruction operated in the Sports Medicine Department of Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020. MRI of the surgical side and healthy side was obtained for each patient. Based on the MRI, the inclination angle of the graft/ACL on the coronal plane and sagittal plane, the medial and lateral anterior tibial translation (ATT), and the femoral rotation angle (FA) and tibial rotation angle (TA) of both knees were measured. Then, the femorotibial angle (FTA) and the rotational tibial subluxation (RTS) were calculated in order to evaluate the differences in MRI results between the surgical and healthy sides.ResultsAfter ACL reconstruction, the inclination angle of the graft on the coronal plane and sagittal plane, the medial and lateral ATT, and the FA and TA were all greater than those of the healthy knee joint (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the FTA and RTS between the surgical and healthy sides, but there was a significant correlation between these two indicators.ConclusionsAfter ACL reconstruction, the inclination angle of the graft cannot be restored to the level of the healthy knee joint, and obvious medial and lateral ATT occurred on the surgical side compared to the healthy side of the knee joint. In addition, there is a significant correlation between FTA and RTS, which are expected to be used as combined clinical indicators for evaluating the stability of knee joint rotation.
Scope and Predictors of Travel Medicine Practice among Primary Care Physicians in Qatar
Authors: Al-Dahshan Ayman , Selim Nagah , Al-Kubaisi Noora , Mahfoud Ziyad , Kehyayan Vahe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
In an era of globalization, travel-related illnesses have become a focus of public ‎health concern. Pretravel consultation is an effective measure for the prevention travel-related illnesses. ‎ The purpose of this study was to assess the scope of primary care physicians’ (PCP) practice of travel medicine (TM) in Qatar and its associated predictors.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to collect ‎data from all PCPs working in all 27 primary healthcare centers in Qatar.‎ Descriptive and analytic statistics were used as appropriate. ‎A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors of TM practice.
Results
Three hundred sixty-four PCPs participated in the study with a response rate of 89.2%. Most PCPs (91.1%) reported they provided pretravel consultations of which 72.7% provided < 10 consultations per month and almost half of them reported they spent between 10 and 19 minutes for pretravel consultation. ‎Overall, pretravel advice content and frequency including vaccine and malaria chemoprophylaxis recommendations were inadequate. The significant predictors of high frequency of pretravel consultations (≥ 10/month) included PCPs who had past experience in TM (AOR 2.082, 95% CI: 1.209, 3.585) and multilingual physicians (AOR 2.067, 95% CI: 1.180, 3.619). Patients with chronic diseases and pregnant women ‎ were specific patient groups more frequently counselled about pretravel advice. Frequently encountered post-travel illnesses included travelers’ diarrhea, respiratory diseases, and fever.
Conclusions
The majority of PCPs provided pretravel consultations. However, the frequency and content of consultations were inadequate. Past experience in TM and multilingual physicians were important predictors of providing a high frequency of pretravel consultation. The findings of this study identified several gaps in PCPs’ TM practice. Specific measures should be designed and implemented to promote ‎healthy travel and reduce the burden of travel-related illnesses in Qatar.
Cadaveric Dissection of Connection Between Accessory Hemiazygos Vein and Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Authors: Panesar Harsimran , Singh Meghana , Adams Quinn , Titunick Michelle B. , Pagano Anthony S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The azygos system of veins has many anatomical variations that can impact mediastinal and vascular interventions. While radiological reports on these are of great clinical value, this study is among the first to present a high-quality cadaveric dissection of a rare anatomical variant to supplement previously published radiologic studies. The azygos venous system consists of the azygos vein (AV), hemiazygos vein (HAV), and the accessory hemiazygos vein (AHAV), which develop from the last portion of the posterior cardinal veins. The normal anatomical configuration includes drainage of the posterior intercostal veins, vertebral vein, esophageal veins, HAV, and AHAV to an unpaired right-side AV at the level of the 8th/9th thoracic vertebra.
Methods: An adult formalin-fixed 70-year-old female Caucasian cadaver was dissected as part of a medical gross anatomy elective course.
Results: Gross documentation of a direct connection of the HAV to the AHAV with the AHAV draining into the left brachiocephalic vein.
Conclusion: The reported incidence of AHAV draining directly into the left brachiocephalic vein is 1-2%. It is important to note the variations of the azygos system to avoid confusion with a potential pathology such as mediastinal masses. Understanding of the rare variant reported here could be useful in prevention of iatrogenic bleeding from misplacement of venous catheters and help facilitate radiological diagnosis in the incidence of venous clot formation.
Clean and Sustainable Environment Problems in Forested Areas Related to Recreational Activities: Case of Lithuania and Turkey
Authors: Atalay Ahmet , Perkumiene Dalia , Aleinikovas Marius , Škėma Mindaugas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the acceleration of social life, people's interest and demand for forestry recreation activities is increasing. However, with this increase, it is inevitable that negative environmental effects will occur. Particularly mass participation poses an important risk for environmental sustainability. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the recreational activities organized in forest areas in Turkey and Lithuania, the environmental effects of these activities and the precautions to be taken. In Turkey and Lithuania, interviews were conducted to determine the attitudes of experts involved in recreational activity processes towards a clean environment and environmental sustainability. A semi-structured interview form was used in the interviews with forest operators and other experts. The sample group of the research consists of 17 experts from Turkey and Lithuania. According to the results of the research, recreational activities are organised in forest areas in both countries, but the most important problem related to these activities is waste production. In addition, there is also damage to the natural environment. Although there are legal regulations in both countries, there are no definite results in solving environmental problems. It can be said that necessary measures such as raising awareness of people and ecological education should be taken in order to ensure the right of individuals to live in a safe and clean environment and at the same time to ensure sustainability in forest areas. as the improvement of legal regulation.
Regional differences in oceanic migratory behavior of Japanese silver eel in waters with different vertical temperature gradients
Authors: Abe Takaaki K. , Galang Ishmerai , Daryani Ayu , Minamikawa Shingo , Mochioka Noritaka , Hakoyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The Japanese eel Anguilla japonica has a single spawning area on the west coast of the Mariana Islands, and the larvae disperse widely via the North Equatorial Current and the Kuroshio Current to freshwater and coastal areas of East Asia for nursery and growth habitats.Spawning adults reared in their respective habitats begin their migration to spawn from September to February, but little is known about regional differences in migration routes, their contribution to spawning populations, or their migratory behavior.To better understand the spawning migrations of Japanese eels, we tracked adult migratory stage eels (silver eels) captured in coastal areas of three regions (Tokai region, Tohoku region, and Sea of Japan coastline) from October 2019 to February 2020 using pop-up satellite archival tags.
Results: Twenty-three tagged eels were released in each coastal area, and data were collected on 15 eels for a maximum of 59 days. Eels released in the Tokai region migrated southeast along the Kuroshio Current. On the other hand, eels on the Sea of Japan side and in the Tohoku region tended to migrate westward and southward against the ocean current, respectively, but no eels from either region reached waters near the Kuroshio Current.In addition, the present study found region-specific vertical movement patterns among the eels.Eels from the Tokai region showed typical diurnal vertical movements, while an eel from the Sea of Japan side repeated non-diurnal vertical movements, which was attributed to regional differences in bathymetry and water mass structure.Except for one eel suspected of being preyed upon, all other eels did not venture into depth zones with temperatures below 4°C, thus suggesting that the maximum depth of vertical movement is limited by water temperature.
Conclusions: This study provided new insights into the migratory behavior of Japanese silver eel from the Sea of Japan side and the Tohoku region, but further long-term tracking is required to reveal the fate of the spawning adults from the coast of Japan. Keywords: Pop-up satellite archival tags; Japanese eel; Spawning migration; Diel Vertical Migration
D1R-PKA signaling activation in PFC mediated by GDNF facilitates depression remission in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Yehao , Zhou Xiaoyu , Xue Ke , Sun Ruiao , Tang Yan , Tang Chuanxi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which can cause a severe decline in the quality of life of PD patients. Dopamine receptors (DRs) expressed in glutamatergic pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) shape the local field activity, contributing to behavioral and mood disorders regulation. Studies have demonstrated that the Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a potential antidepressant effect. However, PD has yet to report the anti-depression consequences of GDNF positioning injection into mPFC on DRs. Here, we reported exogenous GDNF injection to mPFC, resulting in up-regulation of D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) protein levels, and found that activating the PKA pathway mediated by D1R produces a long-lasting antidepressant response. In contrast, D2R expression under GDNF stimulation was constant, which indicated D2R signal was ineffective across depression-like measures. Furthermore, we used Golgi staining and western blot to display enhanced synaptic plasticity, such as the increased dendritic branches and dendritic spines, after GDNF treatment in PD models. Therefore, our results identify an exogenous GDNF positive effect on synaptic plasticity mediated by D1R signaling in mPFC to facilitate depression remission in PD.
SAH and C. elegans Longevity: Insights from an AHCY Deficiency Model
Authors: Pokrzywa Wojciech , Thapa Pankaj , Banasiak Katarzyna , Serwa Remigiusz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Supplementation with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) extends the lifespan of model organisms. To explore the impact of SAH on aging, we generated a Caenorhabditis elegans model with increased SAH levels through pathogenic mutation in the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY), which impairs SAH hydrolysis to adenosine and homocysteine. We showed that animals with an endogenous mutation leading to pathogenic AHCY Y145C exhibited delayed aging accompanied by increased SAH and reduced SAM levels. The extended longevity of these animals required AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results demonstrate the potential of AHCY mutant worms as a tool to study SAH influence on aging and point to the SAM:SAH ratio as a potential determinant of C. elegans lifespan.