bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetopause Standoff Position Changes and Geosynchronous Orbit Crossings: Models and Observations
Authors: Collado‐Vega Y. M. , Dredger P. , Lopez R. E. , Khurana S. , Rastaetter L. , Sibeck D. , Anastopulos M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis research examines the ability of current physics‐based models to predict the magnetopause location. We use the Run‐On‐Request capabilities at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at NASA GSFC with 4 magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. The magnetopause position prediction and response time to the solar wind changes is then compared to extreme solar wind conditions where magnetopause crossing of geosynchronous orbit have been observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) satellites. Rigorous analysis/comparison of observations and models is critical in determining magnetosphere dynamics for model validation. This paper is a preliminary effort defining the metrics necessary to understand the current magnetosphere model capabilities and challenges. Results show that there are discrepancies between the MHD models' standoff positions of the dayside magnetopause for the same solar wind conditions on events that included (a) an increase in solar wind dynamic pressure and a step function in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Bz component; (b) nominal solar wind conditions (values of approximated 400 km/s for solar wind speed and 5 nT for the magnetic field magnitude) with a northward IMF; and (c) compression caused by several coronal mass ejections impacting the near Earth environment. Overall, the models predicted different magnetopause subsolar locations sometimes in the order of 3 RE. Contingency tables were calculated to show model performance in comparison with the data observed with the GOES 13/15 geosynchronous orbit for extreme events and skill scores were calculated.
Investigating Potential Causes for the Prediction of Spurious Magnetopause Crossings at Geosynchronous Orbit in MHD Simulations
Authors: Dredger Pauline M. , Lopez Ramon E. , Collado‐Vega Yaireska M. , Khurana Shreeya , Rastaetter Lutz M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring intense geomagnetic storms, the magnetopause can move in as far as geosynchronous orbit, leaving the satellites in that orbit out in the magnetosheath. Spacecraft operators turn to numerical models to predict the response of the magnetopause to solar wind conditions, but the predictions of the models are not always accurate. This study investigates four storms with a magnetopause crossing by at least one GOES satellite, using four magnetohydrodynamic models at NASA's Community Coordinated Modeling Center to simulate the events, and analyzes the results to investigate the reasons for errors in the predictions. Two main reasons can explain most of the erroneous predictions. First, the solar wind input to the simulations often contains features measured near the L1 point that did not eventually arrive at Earth; incorrect predictions during such periods are due to the solar wind input rather than to the models themselves. Second, while the models do well when the primary driver of magnetopause motion is a variation in the solar wind density, they tend to overpredict or underpredict the integrated Birkeland currents and their effects during times of strong negative interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, leading to poorer prediction capability. Coupling the MHD codes to a ring current model, when such a coupling is available, generally will improve the predictions but will not always entirely correct them. More work is needed to fully characterize the response of each code under strong southward IMF conditions as it relates to prediction of magnetopause location.
The Deep Basin and Underlying Basement Structure of the Tanganyika Rift
Authors: Shaban Shaidu N. , Kolawole Folarin , Scholz Christopher A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe oldest structures in a rift basin define incipient rift architecture, and commonly modulate the patterns of landscape evolution, sedimentation, and associated hazards in subsequent phases of rift development. However, due to deep burial beneath younger, thick syn‐rift sequences, and limited resolution of seismic imaging, critical early‐rift processes remain poorly understood. In the Tanganyika Rift, East Africa, we augment existing 2‐dimensional (2‐D) seismic reflection data with newly acquired aeromagnetic and Full‐Tensor Gradiometry data to assess the deep basin and underlying basement structure. Aeromagnetic and gravity grids show a dominance of NW‐trending long‐wavelength (>5 km) structural fabrics corresponding to the deeper basement, and dominant NW‐trending with a secondary NNE‐trending shorter‐wavelength (<3 km) fabric representing shallower, intra‐basin structures. Seismically‐constrained 2‐D forward modeling of the aeromagnetic and gravity data reveals: (a) an anomalously high‐density (2.35–2.45 g/cc) deep‐seated, fault‐bounded wedge‐shaped sedimentary unit that directly overlies the pre‐rift basement, likely of Mesozoic (Karoo) origin; (b) ∼4 km‐wide sub‐vertical low‐density (2.71 g/cc) structures within the 3.2 g/cc basement, interpreted to be inherited basement shear zones, (c) early‐rift intra‐basin faults co‐located with the modeled shear zone margins, in some places defining a persistent structurally‐controlled intra‐basin “high,” and (d) a shallow intra‐sedimentary V‐shaped zone of comparatively dense material (∼2.2 g/cc), interpreted to be a younger axial channel complex confined between the intra‐basin “high” and border fault. These results provide new insight into the earliest basin architecture of the Tanganyika Rift, controlled by inherited basement structure, and provide evidence of their persistent influence on the subsequent basin evolution.
Thermal Environments and Volatile Stability Within Lunar Pits and Caves
Authors: Wilcoski A. X. , Hayne P. O. , Elder C. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLunar collapse pits and possible caves have been suggested as ideal locations for the storage and protection of lunar water ice deposits, due to their potential to create permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) at high latitudes and ability to protect ice from destructive surface processes. However, the thermal environments of these features have not been investigated at high latitudes, and it remains unclear what effects pit latitude and geometry would have on interior temperatures and ice stability. We create a 3D thermal and volatile transport model and use it to characterize the thermal environments and volatile‐trapping potential within lunar collapse pits and caves. We model the thermal behavior of lunar pits as it varies with latitude for several different pit geometries. We then apply the thermal model results to the volatile transport model and calculate water loss rates to space given an initial ice deposit. The model shows that in general, high‐latitude pits make poor cold traps for ice because their enclosed geometry increases the ability of multiple‐scattered infrared radiation to elevate pit interior temperatures. Although, the enclosed geometry of a cave might help trap volatiles in theory, in practice ice stability within pits and caves is primarily controlled by temperature and not geometric effects. We find that ice loss rates are higher within pits and caves than within PSRs of craters at similar latitudes. Nevertheless, some specific situations arise where pits can act as effective cold traps, such as when pits lie within PSRs created by exterior topography.
Carbon and Water Fluxes of the Boreal Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Biome Constrained by Assimilating Ecosystem Carbonyl Sulfide Flux Observations
Authors: Abadie Camille , Maignan Fabienne , Remaud Marine , Kohonen Kukka‐Maaria , Sun Wu , Kooijmans Linda , Vesala Timo , Seibt Ulli , Raoult Nina , Bastrikov Vladislav , Belviso Sauveur , Peylin Philippe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGross primary production (GPP) by boreal forests is highly sensitive to environmental changes. However, GPP simulated by land surface models (LSMs) remains highly uncertain due to the lack of direct photosynthesis observations at large scales. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has emerged as a promising proxy to improve the representation of GPP in LSMs. Because COS is absorbed by vegetation following the same diffusion pathway as CO2 during photosynthesis and not emitted back to the atmosphere, incorporating a mechanistic representation of vegetation COS uptake in LSMs allows using COS observations to refine GPP representation. Here, we perform ecosystem COS flux and GPP data assimilations to constrain the COS‐ and GPP‐related parameters in the ORCHIDEE LSM for boreal evergreen needleleaf forests (BorENF). Assimilating ecosystem COS fluxes at Hyytiälä forest increases the simulated net ecosystem COS uptake by 14%. This increase largely results from changes in the internal conductance to COS, highlighting the need to improve the representation of COS internal diffusion and consumption. Moreover, joint assimilation of ecosystem COS flux and GPP at Hyytiälä improves the simulated latent heat flux, contrary to the GPP‐only data assimilation, which fails to do so. Finally, we scaled this assimilation framework up to the boreal region and find that the joint assimilation of COS at Hyytiälä and GPP fluxes at 10 BorENF sites increases the modeled vegetation COS uptake up to 18%, but not GPP. Therefore, this study encourages the use of COS flux observations to inform GPP and latent heat flux representations in LSMs.
Dental anomalies in cleft lip and/or palate children at age 10 - a retrospective review across three cleft centres: Part 1
Authors: Ezzeldin Maryam , Gee Samantha , Curtis Jacob , Clark Victoria J. , Smallridge Jacqueline , Collard Mechelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildren with oral clefts often present with dental anomalies which can impact function, aesthetics and complicate the patient's dental treatment and needs. An understanding of potential anomalies, along with early recognition and planning, is thus essential for effective care.AimThis paper is the first in a two-part three-centre series. This paper will assess the dental anomalies identified in 10-year-old patients attending three cleft centres in the UK.MethodRetrospective review was undertaken of the clinical notes of 10-year-old patients attending South Wales (SW), Cleft NET East (CNE) and West Midlands (WM) cleft units, for their ten-year audit record appointment in 2016/2017.ResultsIn total, 144 patients were reviewed (SW = 42; CNE = 52; WM = 50). Dental anomalies were recorded for 80.6% of patients (n = 116).DiscussionThe review gives insight into the dental complexities of UK oral cleft patients. These patients require specialist paediatric dental input and intensive preventive regimes.ConclusionShared care between cleft team specialists and general dental practitioners is important when providing holistic care for cleft patients.
An introduction to the UK care pathway for children born with a cleft of the lip and/or palate
Authors: Dudding Tom , Martin Serena , Popat Sandip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCleft lip and/or palate includes a spectrum of congenital disorders affecting union on the lip, alveolus, hard and/or soft palate. The management of children born with an orofacial cleft requires a complex process from a multidisciplinary team (MDT) to restore form and function. Since the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) report in 1998, the UK has reformed and restructured cleft services to improve the outcomes for children born with a cleft.The spectrum of cleft conditions, the members of the MDT and a chronological description of the stages of cleft management from diagnosis to adulthood are described using a clinical example. This paper forms the introduction to a series of more detailed papers which span all major aspects of cleft management. The papers will cover the following topics: dental anomalies; associated medical conditions among children; orthodontic management of patients; speech assessment and intervention; role of the clinical psychologist; challenges for the paediatric dentist; genetics and orofacial clefts; surgery - primary and secondary; restorative dentistry; and global perspectives.
Antibacterial nanocomposite of chitosan/silver nanocrystals/graphene oxide (ChAgG) development for its potential use in bioactive wound dressings
Authors: Estévez-Martínez Yoxkin , Vázquez Mora Rubí , Méndez Ramírez Yesica Itzel , Chavira-Martínez Elizabeth , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Díaz-de-León-Hernández Jorge Noé , Villarreal-Gómez Luis Jesús 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn adequate wound dressing reduces time of healing, provides cost-effective care, thereby improving patients’ quality life. An antimicrobial bioactivity is always desired, for that reason, the objective of this work is to design an antimicrobial nanocomposite of chitosan/silver nanocrystals/graphene oxide (ChAgG). ChAgG nanostructured composite material is composed of chitosan from corn (Ch), and silver nanocrystals from garlic (Allium sativum). The nanocomposite obtained is the result of a series of experiments combining the graphene oxide (GrOx) with two members of the Amaryllidaceae family; garlic and onion (Allium cebae), which contain different sulfur materials. The characterization arrays confirmed the successful production of silver crystal, graphene oxidation and the blending of both components. The role of the chitosan as a binder between graphene and silver nanocrystals is proved. Moreover, the study discusses garlic as an optimal source that permits the synthesis of silver nanocrystals (AgNCs) (⁓ 2 to 10 nm) with better thermal and crystallinity properties. It was also confirmed the successful production of the ChAgG nanocomposite. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to demonstrate the antibacterial bioactivity and L-929 fibroblast cells were utilized to visualize their biocompatibility. The proposed ChAgG nanomaterial will be useful for functionalizing specific fiber network that represents current challenging research in the fabrication of bioactive wound dressings.
Whole strains vs MGEs in short and longterm transmission of ESBL genes between healthcare and community settings in Uganda
Authors: Hounmanou Yaovi Mahuton Gildas , Wanyana Agnes , Alafi Stephen , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Christensen Henrik , Olsen John Elmerdahl , Byarugaba Denis Karuhize 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli are a leading cause of infections in hospital and community settings. Based on samples from two hospitals in Uganda and households of inpatients we tested the hypothesis that ESBL E. coli and/or their resistance determinants could spread within the healthcare and community settings through discharged patients that were still colonized. We used bacterial culture, susceptibility testing whole genome sequencing and detailed bioinformatics analysis to test the above hypothesis. Genome analysis revealed presence of predominantly blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1 genes with a total resistome with genes belonging to 14 different classes of antimicrobials. Short-term cases of strain sharing were reported within each setting and strains from the two settings were found to cluster together based on their overall resistome. Long-term horizontal transfer of ESBL genes by various IncF and IncY types of plasmids shared between healthcare and community settings was demonstrated. Based on hybrid assembly, plasmid reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses, our study suggests that while the dissemination of AMR between healthcare and community settings in the short-term is possible at whole strain level, the long-term transmission between healthcare and communities is sustained by the transfer of plasmids circulating across niches and disseminating related resistomes.
The potential of phenothiazinium dyes as cytotoxicity markers in cisplatin-treated cells
Authors: Pereira Luiz Miguel , Portapilla Gisele Bulhões , Brancini Guilherme Thomaz Pereira , Possato Bruna , Bronzon da Costa Cássia Mariana , Abreu-Filho Péricles Gama , Wainwright Mark , Yatsuda Ana Patrícia , Braga Gilberto Úbida Leite 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAssessing the in vitro toxicity of compounds on cell cultures is an important step during the screening of candidate molecules for diverse applications. Among the strategies employed to determine cytotoxicity, MTT, neutral red, and resazurin are commonly used. Methylene blue (MB), a phenothiazinium salt, has several uses, such as dye, redox indicator, and even as treatment for human disease and health conditions, such as malaria and methemoglobinemia. However, MB has only been sparsely used as a cellular toxicity indicator. As a viability indicator, MB is mostly applied to fixed cultures at high concentrations, especially when compared to MTT or neutral red. Here we show that MB and its related compounds new methylene blue (NMB), toluidine blue O (TBO), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) can be used as cytotoxicity indicators in live (non-fixed) cells treated for 72 h with DMSO and cisplatin. We compared dye uptake between phenothiazinium dyes and neutral red by analyzing supernatant and cell content via visible spectra scanning and microscopy. All dyes showed a similar ability to assess cell toxicity compared to either MTT or neutral red. Our method represents a cost-effective alternative to in vitro cytotoxicity assays using cisplatin or DMSO, indicating the potential of phenothiazinium dyes for the screening of candidate drugs and other applications.
Automated, non-invasive Varroa mite detection by vibrational measurements of gait combined with machine learning
Authors: Hall Harriet , Bencsik Martin , Newton Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLittle is known about mite gait, but it has been suggested that there could be greater variation in locomotory styles for arachnids than insects. The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating ectoparasite of the honeybee. We aim to automatically detect Varroa-specific signals in long-term vibrational recordings of honeybee hives and additionally provide the first quantification and characterisation of Varroa gait through the analysis of its unique vibrational trace. These vibrations are used as part of a novel approach to achieve remote, non-invasive Varroa monitoring in honeybee colonies, requiring discrimination between mite and honeybee signals. We measure the vibrations occurring in samples of freshly collected capped brood-comb, and through combined critical listening and video recordings we build a training database for discrimination and classification purposes. In searching for a suitable vibrational feature, we demonstrate the outstanding value of two-dimensional-Fourier-transforms in invertebrate vibration analysis. Discrimination was less reliable when testing datasets comprising of Varroa within capped brood-cells, where Varroa induced signals are weaker than those produced on the cell surface. We here advance knowledge of Varroa vibration and locomotion, whilst expanding upon the remote detection strategies available for its control.
A collaborative and near-comprehensive North Pacific humpback whale photo-ID dataset
Authors: Cheeseman Ted , Southerland Ken , Acebes Jo Marie , Audley Katherina , Barlow Jay , Bejder Lars , Birdsall Caitlin , Bradford Amanda L. , Byington Josie K. , Calambokidis John , Cartwright Rachel , Cedarleaf Jen , Chavez Andrea Jacqueline García , Currie Jens J. , De Weerdt Joëlle , Doe Nicole , Doniol-Valcroze Thomas , Dracott Karina , Filatova Olga , Finn Rachel , Flynn Kiirsten , Ford John K. B. , Frisch-Jordán Astrid , Gabriele Christine M. , Goodwin Beth , Hayslip Craig , Hildering Jackie , Hill Marie C. , Jacobsen Jeff K. , Jiménez-López M. Esther , Jones Meagan , Kobayashi Nozomi , Lyman Edward , Malleson Mark , Mamaev Evgeny , Martínez Loustalot Pamela , Masterman Annie , Matkin Craig , McMillan Christie J. , Moore Jeff E. , Moran John R. , Neilson Janet L. , Newell Hayley , Okabe Haruna , Olio Marilia , Pack Adam A. , Palacios Daniel M. , Pearson Heidi C. , Quintana-Rizzo Ester , Ramírez Barragán Raul Fernando , Ransome Nicola , Rosales-Nanduca Hiram , Sharpe Fred , Shaw Tasli , Stack Stephanie H. , Staniland Iain , Straley Jan , Szabo Andrew , Teerlink Suzie , Titova Olga , Urban R. Jorge , van Aswegen Martin , de Morais Marcel Vinicius , von Ziegesar Olga , Witteveen Briana , Wray Janie , Yano Kymberly M. , Zwiefelhofer Denny , Clapham Phil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present an ocean-basin-scale dataset that includes tail fluke photographic identification (photo-ID) and encounter data for most living individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Pacific Ocean. The dataset was built through a broad collaboration combining 39 separate curated photo-ID catalogs, supplemented with community science data. Data from throughout the North Pacific were aggregated into 13 regions, including six breeding regions, six feeding regions, and one migratory corridor. All images were compared with minimal pre-processing using a recently developed image recognition algorithm based on machine learning through artificial intelligence; this system is capable of rapidly detecting matches between individuals with an estimated 97–99% accuracy. For the 2001–2021 study period, a total of 27,956 unique individuals were documented in 157,350 encounters. Each individual was encountered, on average, in 5.6 sampling periods (i.e., breeding and feeding seasons), with an annual average of 87% of whales encountered in more than one season. The combined dataset and image recognition tool represents a living and accessible resource for collaborative, basin-wide studies of a keystone marine mammal in a time of rapid ecological change.
The trilemma among CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo , Mele Marco , Drago Carlo , Kuşkaya Sevda , Pozzi Cesare , Monarca Umberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship among CO2 emissions, energy use, and GDP in Russia using annual data ranging from 1990 to 2020. We first conduct time-series analyses (stationarity, structural breaks, cointegration, and causality tests). Then, we performed some Machine Learning experiments as robustness checks. Both approaches underline a bidirectional causal flow between energy use and CO2 emissions; a unidirectional link running from CO2 emissions to real GDP; and the predominance of the “neutrality hypothesis” for energy use-GDP nexus. Therefore, energy conservation measures should not adversely affect the economic growth path of the country. In the current geopolitical scenario, relevant policy implications may be derived.
The mismatch between experimental and computational fluid dynamics analyses for magnetic surface microrollers
Authors: Bozuyuk Ugur , Ozturk Hakancan , Sitti Metin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMagnetically actuated Janus surface microrollers are promising microrobotic platform with numerous potential biomedical engineering applications. While the locomotion models based on a "rotating sphere on a nearby wall" can be adapted to surface microrollers, real-world dynamics may differ from the proposed theories/simulations. In this study, we examine the locomotion efficiency of surface microrollers with diameters of 5, 10, 25, and 50 µm and demonstrate that computational fluid dynamics simulations cannot accurately capture locomotion characteristics for different sizes of microrollers. Specifically, we observe a significant mismatch between lift forces predicted by simulations and opposite balancing forces, particularly for smaller microrollers. We propose the existence of an unaccounted force component in the direction of lift, which is not included in the computational fluid dynamics simulations. Overall, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying surface microroller locomotion and have important implications for future applications in biomedical engineering.