bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Energy‐Aware Optimal Routing for Improving Traffic Capacity in Ad Hoc Wireless Network Using Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm
Authors: Seekarajapuram Dinakaran Nandakumar , Muthusamy Lakshmanan , Vellore Sundaresan Divya Sundar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAd hoc wireless network has been one of the significant research topics, as its uses are spread over various applications. The energy‐aware routing (EAR) protocols must create a routing environment with both the security and energy factors, such that the ad hoc network can be sustained for a longer period. Thus, this work proposes an EAR model by considering various factors of the ad hoc network and thus aims to improve the overall network lifetime. At first, the necessary attributes for this process are gathered from standard data sources. After that, an energy‐efficient optimal routing process is performed with the support of the proposed Hybrid Dark Forest‐based Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (HDFGOA) for minimizing energy consumption and maximizing the network lifespan. In this process, the multiobjective functions such as residual energy, route energy, route quality, congestion, and signal interference noise ratio (SINR) are derived by the same HDFGOA. This supports to performance of the energy‐efficient optimal routing process without any interference. Moreover, this process improves the traffic capacity of the ad hoc wireless networks. Finally, thorough experiments are performed for the developed energy‐efficient optimal routing process with conventional algorithms to ensure the suggested process's effectiveness.
Tigers, Terrain, and Human Settlement Influence the Occupancy of Leopards (Panthera pardus) in Southwestern Tarai, Nepal
Authors: Joshi Laxmi Raj , K. C. Rabin Bahadur , Chetri Madhu , Odden Morten , Devineau Olivier , Karki Ajay , Dahal Bhagawan Raj , Subedi Naresh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMaintaining a healthy population of common leopards, a highly adaptive felid, requires updated information on their spatial occurrence. In Nepal's Tarai region, leopards coexist with tigers, which are well‐studied felid throughout its range. However, knowledge is very scarce on the patterns of leopard occupancy. We conducted an occupancy survey using remote cameras in southwestern Tarai, particularly in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal, to assess habitat use by leopards from December 2022 to January 2023. Naive and model‐averaged occupancy estimates were 0.51 and 0.6563 (SE: 0.022, 95% CI: 0.612, 0.70), respectively. The detection of leopards was negatively correlated with the presence of tigers. Leopard occupancy was higher closer to human settlement and higher in rugged terrain. At a time when Nepal has achieved its tiger conservation targets, efforts are required to maintain adequate prey biomass to minimize fatal encounters between tigers and leopards and displacement of leopards peripheral to the settlement area, where villagers might kill them in retaliation of livestock killing. Long‐term monitoring is required to improve understanding of the interaction between leopards, tigers, and humans in the Tarai region of Nepal.
Impervious surface cover and number of restaurants shape diet variation in an urban carnivore
Authors: Caspi Tal , Serrano Monica G. , Vanderzwan Stevi L. , Kessler Janet , Schell Christopher J. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the past decade, studies have demonstrated that urban and nonurban wildlife populations exhibit differences in foraging behavior and diet. However, little is known about how environmental heterogeneity shapes dietary variation of organisms within cities. We examined the vertebrate prey components of diets of coyotes (Canis latrans) in San Francisco to quantify territory‐ and individual‐level dietary differences and determine how within‐city variation in land cover and land use affects coyote diet. We genotyped fecal samples for individual coyote identification and used DNA metabarcoding to quantify diet composition and individual niche differentiation. The highest contributor to coyote diet overall was anthropogenic food followed by small mammals. The most frequently detected species were domestic chicken, pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), domestic pig, and raccoon (Procyon lotor). Diet composition varied significantly across territories and among individuals, with territories explaining most of the variation. Within territories (i.e., family groups), the amount of dietary variation attributed to among‐individual differences increased with green space and decreased with impervious surface cover. The quantity of anthropogenic food in scats also was positively correlated with impervious surface cover, suggesting that coyotes consumed more human food in more urbanized territories. The quantity of invasive, human‐commensal rodents in the diet was positively correlated with the number of food services in a territory. Overall, our results revealed substantial intraspecific variation in coyote diet associated with urban landscape heterogeneity and point to a diversifying effect of urbanization on population diet.
Comparative performance of risk prediction indices for mortality or readmission following heart failure hospitalization
Authors: Averbuch Tauben , Zafari Ali , Islam Shofiqul , Lee Shun Fu , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Greene Stephen J , Mamas Mamas A , Pandey Ambarish , Van Spall Harriette GC 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsRisk prediction indices used in worsening heart failure (HF) vary in complexity, performance, and the type of datasets in which they were validated. We compared the performance of seven risk prediction indices in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for HF.Methods and resultsWe assessed the performance of the Length of stay and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LE), Length of stay, number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months, and admission N‐Terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP (LENT), Length of stay, Acuity, Charlson co‐morbidity index, and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LACE), Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG), Readmission Risk Score (RRS), Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment model (EFFECT), and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk indices among consecutive patients hospitalized for HF and discharged alive from January 2017 to December 2019 in a network of hospitals in England. The primary composite outcome was 30‐day all‐cause mortality or readmission. We assessed model discrimination and overall accuracy using the C‐statistic (higher values, better) and Brier score (lower values, better), respectively. Among 1206 patients in the cohort, 45.0% were female, mean (SD) age was 76.6 (11.7) years, and mean (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was 43.0% (11.6). At 30 days, 236 (19.6%) patients were readmitted and 28 (2.3%) patients died, with 264 (21.9%) patients experiencing either readmission or death. The LENT index offered the combination of greatest risk discrimination and accuracy for the primary composite outcome (C‐statistic: 0.97; 95% CI 0.96, 0.98; 0.29; Brier score: 0.05). The LE (C‐statistic: 0.95; 95% CI 0.93, 0.96; Brier score: 0.06) and LACE (C‐statistic: 0.90; 95% CI 0.88, 0.92; Brier score 0.09) indices had high discrimination and accuracy. Discrimination and accuracy were modest with the RRS (C‐statistic: 0.65; 95% CI 0.61, 0.69; Brier score: 0.16) and EFFECT (C‐statistic: 0.64; 95% CI 0.60, 0.67; Brier score: 0.16) score; and poor with the GWTG‐HF (C‐statistic: 0.62; 95% CI 0.58, 0.66; Brier score: 0.17) and ADHERE (C‐statistic: 0.54; 95% CI 0.50, 0.57; Brier score: 0.17) scores.ConclusionsIn a study that compared the performance of seven risk prediction indices in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for HF, the simple LENT index offered the greatest combination of discrimination and accuracy for the primary composite outcome of 30‐day all‐cause mortality or readmission. This three‐variable index ‐using length of hospital stay, preceding emergency department visits and admission NT‐proBNP level‐ is a practical and reliable way to assess prognosis following hospitalization for HF.
Cut‐Off Values Able to Identify Migraine Patients With Increased Pressure‐Pain Sensitivity Independent of the Migraine Cycle Through a Single Assessment: A Secondary Analysis of a Multicentre, Cross‐Sectional, Observational Study
Authors: Castaldo Matteo , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Ponzano Marta , Bovis Francesca , Torelli Paola , Finocchi Cinzia , Di Antonio Stefano 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimIdentify values that could predict the presence of increased pressure‐pain sensitivity independent of the migraine cycle through a single assessment.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a previous study in which 198 episodic and chronic migraine patients were assessed during all phases of the migraine cycle. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed over the temporalis, cervical spine, hand, and leg. Migraine patients were divided into two sub‐groups: patients with increased pressure‐pain sensitivity (IPS) and with No IPS (No‐IPS). A Chi‐squared Automatic Interaction Detection decision tree analysis was used to identify predictors to be included in the IPS or NoIPS group. To assess the internal validity of the model, a tenfold cross‐validation was applied.Results161 (81%) patients were included in the IPS group, while 37 (19%) in the NoIPS group. Migraine patients with: (1) Temporalis PPT ≤ 130 kPa; (2) Temporalis PPT > 130 kPa and ≤ 197.5 kPa and hand PPT ≤ 347.33 kPa; (3) Temporalis PPT > 197.5 kPa and hand PPT ≤ 315 kPa; were correctly included in the IPS group with a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 81%, a positive predictive value of 96%, and a negative predictive value of 81%. The accuracy of the model and the cross‐validation analysis were respectively 93% and 92%.ConclusionThe high internal validity suggests that our model could precisely predict the presence of IPS independently by the phase in which the assessment occurred. Trigeminal and hand PPT cut‐off values could be used to identify patients with IPS.
Asymmetric Commodity Tails and Index Futures Returns
Authors: Wang Yuanzhi , Wei Xinbei , Zhang Qunzi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes that the tail risk associated with commodity futures returns performs well at predicting the S&P 500 index futures returns in‐ and out‐of‐sample, even after controlling business cycles, economic factors, investor sentiment factors, other forms of tail risk factors, and macroeconomic conditions. Following Kelly and Jiang (2014), we directly estimate the commodity tail risk factor from the cross‐section of commodity futures returns, which can efficiently capture the prevailing level of tail risk in the cross‐sectional distribution. Our empirical analysis involves forecasting regressions, which aim to predict index futures returns using lagged up‐tail risk, down‐tail risk, and overall tail risk. We uncover asymmetric forecasting power between up‐tail risk and down‐tail risk, highlighting their distinct influences. Notably, our return decomposition analysis shows that the commodity tail risk factors primarily drive index futures returns through the discount rate channel.
Reward Decision Network Disconnection in Poststroke Apathy: A Prospective Multimodality Imaging Study
Authors: Fang Yirong , Chao Xian , Wang Jinjing , Lu Zeyu , Yin Dawei , Shi Ran , Wang Peng , Liu Xinfeng , Sun Wen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTApathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom following stroke, characterized by reduced goal‐directed behavior. The reward decision network (RDN), which plays a crucial role in regulating goal‐directed behaviors, is closely associated with apathy. However, the relationship between poststroke apathy (PSA) and RDN dysfunction remains unclear due to apathy heterogeneity, the confounding effect of depression and individual variability in lesion impacts. This study aims to dissect the heterogeneity of PSA and explore the link between lesion‐induced RDN damage and PSA. We prospectively recruited 207 patients with acute ischemic infarction and 60 demographically matched healthy controls. Participants underwent neuroimaging and longitudinal neuropsychiatric assessments. To characterize PSA heterogeneity, we employed multivariate analysis and clustering algorithms based on whole‐brain functional connectivity and clinical assessments to classify patients into different PSA biotypes. We embedded each patient's lesion into a structural connectome atlas to obtain white matter (WM) disconnection maps. On this basis, WM disconnection scores were calculated for each brain region to quantify lesion‐induced WM damage. We employed the XGBoost model to predict PSA biotypes based on WM disconnection scores, comparing the performance of models focusing on RDN‐specific versus whole‐brain WM disconnection. Additionally, we explored WM damage patterns across different biotypes by comparing disconnection scores in critical brain regions. We identified four PSA biotypes with unique clinical trajectories and neurobiological underpinnings. Biotype 4 was characterized by persistent apathy with depressive symptoms. Biotype 2 showed persistent apathy. Biotype 3 was non‐apathetic. Biotype 1 exhibited delayed‐onset apathy. The XGBoost models, when focused on the RDN‐specific WM disconnection, performed significantly better in predicting PSA biotypes compared to the whole‐brain WM disconnection model (t(164.66) = 8.871, p < 0.001). Analysis of WM disconnection patterns revealed that Biotype 4 exhibited more extensive RDN damage in crucial regions, Biotype 1 had a unique pattern of damage in the anterior cingulate cortex (t(61) = 1.874, p = 0.032), and Biotype 2 had a unique pattern of damage in the orbitofrontal cortex (t(53)= 1.827, p = 0.036). This study dissected PSA heterogeneity and demonstrated that RDN damage is a critical factor in PSA variability. We found that lesion‐induced WM disconnections in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex can lead to delayed‐onset and persistent apathy, respectively. Furthermore, our findings revealed that apathy not only has distinct pathogenic mechanisms, but also shares neurobiological substrates with depression.
Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Li Defu , Zhu Tingting , Wang Yujin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the activity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using turbo spin echo imaging. By analyzing tissue heterogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis offers enhanced insights into edema within the EOMs.MethodsEighty‐eight patients with TAO were retrospectively evaluated and allocated into active (n = 24, clinical activity score [CAS] ≥ 3) and inactive (n = 64, CAS < 3) groups. The parameter values of the ADC histogram of EOMs were measured; the efficacy of ADC histograms in distinguishing between TAO activity and inactivity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to determine active TAO predictors.ResultsThe minimum, maximum, median, mean; and 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the ADC histograms were higher in patients with active than that in participants with inactive TAO. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 10th percentile of the ADC histogram and the median distinguishing between active and inactive TAOs were both 0.791 (both p < 0.05), and the AUCs of the combined model of age, sex, smoking, and the 10th percentile in the ADC histogram were better than those of their individual models and the combined model of age, sex, and smoking (all p < 0.05). Smoking and male sex, along with the median > 1.26 μm2/s, entropy > 4.03, and standard deviation (SD) > 0.4 of the ADC histogram, were significant predictors of TAO activity, with odds ratios of 2.741 and 6.806, 5.070, 2.652, and 2.197, respectively (all p < 0.05).ConclusionADC histograms provide a new method for distinguishing active from inactive TAO, and the 10th percentile enhances the clinical diagnosis of active TAO. In addition to male sex and smoking, an ADC histogram median > 1.26 μm²/s, entropy > 4.03, or SD > 0.4 may also predict active TAO.
Factors of Engagement in Employment or Education Following a First Episode of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Kavanagh Michael , Moore Andrew , Fassbender Catherine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDespite 75% of people who experience a first episode of psychosis (FEP) reaching clinical remission, this population continue to face lower rates of vocational recovery. This review aimed to identify the factors which help and hinder individuals' employment and post‐secondary education engagement post‐FEP. Three electronic databases (Psych INFO, Medline and Social Science Database) were searched up to 21st August 2023. Primary research on employment/education status or engagement within FEP populations ages 18–40 were included. A narrative synthesis was applied to the findings. Of the 10,575 articles screened, 18 were included in the final review. Younger age, non‐affective psychotic diagnoses and stigma were identified as common barriers to engagement. Ceasing substance use and having family/financial support were reported as facilitators. Conflicting findings were reported as to the impact of positive and negative symptoms. The range of factors emerging from this review highlight several potential barriers and facilitators for individuals seeking employment or further education opportunities post‐FEP. This underlines the need for further research into how and why they influence employment and educational outcomes, with a view to improving treatment outcomes by incorporating these factors into care planning.
Integrating continuous glucose monitoring into Doctor of Pharmacy curricula
Authors: Litten Kathryn , Folz Heather , Lobkovich Alison , Sherrill Christina H. , Berlie Helen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe use of digital health technology is on the rise. Within diabetes care, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is transforming how we monitor and manage patients with diabetes. Pharmacists play pivotal roles in CGM education, accessibility, utility, and application. In turn, pharmacy students should have a working knowledge of these devices. Currently, CGM inclusion in Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) curricula is variable, and little is known about the best way to incorporate this content. This article highlights the critical need to intentionally integrate CGM into didactic and experiential teaching. Incorporating CGM education should be individualized to the institution and the level of the trainee. Educational approaches such as patient cases and hands‐on activities can enhance CGM‐related knowledge, skills, confidence, and empathy, which may empower trainees to be practice‐ready and provide essential CGM services after graduation. This guide will provide a suggested framework for integrating CGM into Pharm.D. curricula.
Tuning Aromaticity, Stability and Radicaloid Character of Periacenes by Chemical BN Doping
Authors: dos Santos Luan G. F. , Chagas Julio C. V. , Ferrão Luiz F. A. , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Nieman Reed , Lischka Hans , Machado Francisco B. C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this work, the stability, aromaticity and radical character of pristine and eleven BN‐doped armchair 5 and zigzag 5, 6, and 7 periacenes, were chosen for studying the effect of different doping schemes to stabilize the periacene, and to direct the open‐shell density into specific regions of the PAH sheets. Ab initio multireference methods and different DFT functionals were used to analyze the singlet triplet (ST) energy. Moreover, a range of descriptors were used to characterize the open‐shell character and aromaticity of the different doped structures. The overall results provide a good overview of the efficiency of the different doping topologies. In general, because of the closed‐shell character of the borazine doping units, the role of the doping is to reduce the strong open‐shell character of the pristine periacenes. Substitutions along the zigzag edges has a significant effect while doping along the armchair edges is not significant.
Assessment of four sterilization techniques for meniscal allograft transplantation in rabbits
Authors: Wang X. S. , Jia H. G. , Gu D. Q. , Luo D. Z. , Zhao Y. T. , Liu Z. J. , Zhang Y. D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare the effects of four sterilization techniques on meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) in rabbits.MethodsIn total, 85 medial or lateral meniscuses were obtained from 22 adult New Zealand white rabbits. These 85 meniscal allografts were seeded with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and randomly divided into five groups (n = 17): iodine group, Cobalt‐60 group, glutaraldehyde group, ethylene oxide group and control group. Bacterial colonies of the allografts were determined before (n = 7) and after (n = 7) sterilization. Histological features were analyzed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (n = 3). An additional 50 medial or lateral meniscuses were taken from 13 adult New Zealand white rabbits, and they were kept fresh‐frozen (−40°C) for 1 month. Subsequently, these 50 meniscuses were randomly divided into five groups, which were treated with iodine, Cobalt‐60, glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide and normal saline, separately (n = 10), and stored at −20°C before MAT. MAT was given to the knee joints of the right hind legs of 50 adult Japanese white rabbits. After 6 weeks of MAT, the transplanted meniscal allografts were taken for biomechanical test (n = 7) and H&E staining (n = 3).ResultsThe results of the bacterial count indicated that the number of S. aureus colonies was less than 1 colony‐forming unit (CFU)/allograft in all five groups after sterilization, except for the control group (415 CFU/allograft). H&E staining revealed that allografts in the iodine group presented the complete structure; allografts in the Cobalt‐60 and glutaraldehyde groups were preserved relatively well; and allografts in the control and ethylene oxide groups were severely destructed, especially in the ethylene oxide group. Using the transplanted allografts, the biomechanical test showed that the maximum load of allografts in each group was significantly different, with ethylene oxide effective sterilization agents being used for disinfecting meniscal grafts (iodine group: 270.71 ± 62.81 N, Cobalt‐60 group: 182.14 ± 71.29 N, glutaraldehyde group: 254.29 ± 31.55 N, ethylene oxide group: 40.00 ± 22.73 N and control group: 183.14 ± 76.40) (p ≤ 0.001). H&E staining with transplanted allografts revealed that allografts in the iodine group had the most intact structure; allografts in the Cobalt‐60 and glutaraldehyde groups presented a relatively intact structure; and allografts in the control and ethylene oxide groups were seriously damaged, especially in the ethylene oxide group.ConclusionIt was found that iodine, Cobalt‐60, glutaraldehyde and ethylene oxide are effective sterilization agents for disinfecting meniscal grafts. Iodine exhibited superior preservation of both the biomechanics and structural integrity of the meniscal allografts, whereas ethylene oxide caused the most severe destruction to the meniscal allografts.Level of EvidenceNot applicable because this is an animal study.