bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial reuse of circadian clock genes along parallel clines of diapause in two moth species
Authors: Yu Yue , Huang Li‐Li , Xue Fang‐Sen , Dopman Erik B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular basis of repeated evolution improves our ability to predict evolution across the tree of life. Only since the last decade has high‐throughput sequencing enabled comparative genome scans to thoroughly examine the repeatability of genetic changes driving repeated phenotypic evolution. The Asian corn borer (ACB),Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée), and the European corn borer (ECB),Ostrinia nubilalis(Hübner), are two closely related moths displaying repeatable phenological adaptation to a wide range of climates on two separate continents, largely manifesting as changes in the timing of diapause induction and termination across latitude. Candidate genes underlying diapause variation in North American ECB have been previously identified. Here, we sampled seven ACB populations across 23 degrees of latitude in China to elucidate the genetic basis of diapause variation and evolutionary mechanisms driving parallel clinal responses in the two species. Using pooled whole‐genome sequencing (Pool‐seq) data, population genomic analyses revealed hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) whose allele frequencies covaried with mean diapause phenotypes along the cline. Genes involved in circadian rhythm were over‐represented among candidate genes with strong signatures of spatially varying selection. Only one of two circadian clock genes associated with diapause evolution in ECB showed evidence of reuse in ACB (period [per]), butperalleles were not shared between species nor with their outgroup, implicating independent mutational paths. Nonetheless, evidence of adaptive introgression was discovered at putative diapause loci located elsewhere in the genome, suggesting that de novo mutations and introgression might both underlie the repeated phenological evolution.
Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal recurrent waves of speciation in niche‐pockets, in Europe's most venomous snake
Authors: Thanou Evanthia , Jablonski Daniel , Kornilios Panagiotis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the Balkan Peninsula, topographic and climatic agents have promoted biodiversity and shaped the speciation history of many ectotherms. Here, we targeted an iconic European reptile, the nose‐horned viper species‐complex (Vipera ammodytes), and explored its spatial and temporal evolution. We (i) utilized genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to infer genetic structure and build a time‐calibrated species‐tree, and (ii) applied species distribution modelling with niche‐divergence tests among major phylogenomic clades. Geographically structured genetic diversity was found. Cycles of recurrent isolation and expansion during glacial–interglacial periods led to allopatric speciation and to secondary contacts and formation of multiple hybrid zones throughout the Balkan Peninsula. Deep divergence is still detected among populations separated by old and imminent biogeographical barriers (Pindos Mountain Range, the Cyclades islands, etc.), but in most cases speciation is incomplete. At the other end of the speciation continuum, we recognize two well‐differentiated lineages, currently lacking any evidence of gene flow; one is distributed in the Northwestern Balkans and the other in the Southeastern Balkans, further expanding into Asia. Despite their split 5 million years ago, there is no evidence of ecological divergence, as speciation probably occurred in niche‐pockets of analogous environments. These two lineages probably represent different species, while V. transcaucasiana does not merit species status. By comparing the genomic phylogenies to an updated mitochondrial one, we propose an evolutionary scenario that resolves all mitonuclear conflicts, according to which the history of the V. ammodytes species‐complex was shaped by complex processes, including a major event of introgressive hybridization with asymmetric mitochondrial capture.
Quantitative trait loci for stay‐greenness and agronomic traits provide new insights into chlorophyll homeostasis and nitrogen use in rice
Authors: Archana Ramakrishnappa , Vinod Kunnummal Kurungara , Gopala Krishnan Subbaiyan , Vadhana Elangovan Devi Chandra , Bhowmick Prolay Kumar , Singh Vikram Jeet , Ellur Ranjith Kumar , Sathee Lekshmy , Mandal Pranab Kumar , Bollinedi Haritha , Nanda Kumar Shekharappa , Sonu  , Nagarajan Mariappan , Singh Ashok Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFunctional stay‐green (FSG) is characterized by delayed senescence during the reproductive stage in rice. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from ‘Pusa 677’/‘PSG16’ was used to study the genetics of FSG in a rice mutant, ‘PSG16’. The RILs exhibited significant variation under two N regimes for agro‐morphological traits, leaf chlorophyll content, flowering time, yield components and nitrogen (N) use. Using a genome wide linkage map spanning 1910.8 cM with 104 polymorphic markers, we have mapped six major quantitative trait loci (QTLs). One robust QTL on chromosome 1 was associated consistently across different N regimes with chlorophyll content and flowering time. The QTL on chromosome 7 was associated with grain number, whereas the QTL on chromosome 6 was found related to N harvest index and spikelet fertility. Although ‘PSG16’ showed a clear advantage in grain yield as well as having better N assimilation, we could not establish a direct genetic relationship SG trait and N use. Based on the QTL information, FSG trait of ‘PSG16’ could be useful in deciphering multiple stress responses in rice.
From international law to subnational practices: How intermediaries translate the Istanbul Convention
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Niederhauser Matthieu , Maggetti Martino 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe implementation of international human right treaties is particularly challenging, especially when they entail obligations that apply at the subnational level. In this article, we examine how international law intermediaries translate and use international treaties in subnational policymaking processes. We develop a dedicated analytical framework, and we derive a typology, characterizing different types of intermediaries and systematizing the ways political‐administrative actors use international law at the subnational level. On this basis, our empirical analysis shows how the implementation of a crucial treaty—the Istanbul Convention (IC) on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence—is shaped by subnational actors and eventually used in policy processes in Swiss cantons. International law is seen not only as a constraint but also as an opportunity and a resource that can be mobilized for different purposes by a variety of intermediaries, including local public officials, MPs, and members of civil society organizations, in collaboration and sometimes in competition with each other. Specifically, our findings indicate that international law intermediaries use these treaties through bottom‐up dynamics of engagement according to their agenda and interests and their anticipation of what they can do in their cantonal context, resulting in iterative chains of intermediation. Furthermore, we observe a blurring of the boundaries between rule‐makers, intermediaries, and targets, that is, the same actors may perform different roles in a given policy process.
The nonlinear relationship between political trust and nonelectoral political participation in democratic and nondemocratic regimes
Authors: Kutuk Yasin , Usturali Adil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveCitizens use nonelectoral means of political participation along with electoral ones. However, we expect that engaging in nonelectoral political participation (NEPP) is quite dependent on the legitimacy of the state and its institutions, as well as the regime type. This article explores the relationship between NEPP and political trust (PT), which can indicate the legitimacy of such institutions.MethodWe utilize the seventh wave of World Values Survey to test such relationships in countries classified as democratic and nondemocratic following the Freedom in the World Index. We hypothesize that in democratic countries there is an inverted U‐shaped curvilinear relationship between PT and NEPP. We also hypothesize that there would be a negative relationship between PT and NEPP in nondemocratic countries.ResultThe analysis of the data confirms the first hypothesis, which is our main contribution. We also found that the negative relationship in the second hypothesis exists and is linear.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that respondents in each set of countries interpret trust and participation differently. In democracies, citizens engage in NEPP when they have a medium level of trust in political institutions, and in other regimes, citizens take that risk only when their mistrust of the institutions of the regime falls below a certain level.
Cryoprecipitate contaminated with Cupriavidus pauculus: A rare cautionary case report
Authors: Li Wenxin , Wang Yongjun , Han Wenjuan , Yin Guomei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim was to define the source of contamination of cryoprecipitate intercepted during visual inspection before transfusion.Materials and MethodsA clot was observed in one unit of cryoprecipitate before blood transfusion at the Dongyang People's Hospital. Bacterial cultures were performed using the BacT/ALERT system (BacT/ALERT 3D, bioMerieux, Durham, NC). The isolated bacteria were identified through conventional biochemical identification, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry, and molecular analysis based on 16sr RNA. Samples from all individuals who came into direct contact with the cryoprecipitate were cultured, and the positive samples were then referred for bacterial identification.ResultsA leak was found at the edge of a blood bag containing the cryoprecipitate. Cupriavidus paucula was identified both in the cryoprecipitate and water from the water bath. However, there was no growth of C. paucula in the samples obtained from the red blood cell suspension co‐component, puncture site of the blood donor, blood storage refrigerator, transport case, and centrifuge.ConclusionC. paucula in the water from the water bath contaminated the cryoprecipitate through the invisible slit in the blood bag during thawing. Regular disinfection of water baths, double‐bagging of blood products during thawing, and careful screening of blood products before transfusion should be performed to prevent the transfusion of contaminated cryoprecipitate.
Carotid body: an emerging target for cardiometabolic co‐morbidities
Authors: Thakkar Pratik , Pauza Audrys G. , Murphy David , Paton Julian F. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe maintenance of glucose homeostasis is obligatory for health and survival. It relies on peripheral glucose sensing and signalling between the brain and peripheral organs via hormonal and neural responses that restore euglycaemia. Failure of these mechanisms causes hyperglycaemia or diabetes. Current anti‐diabetic medications control blood glucose but many patients remain with hyperglycemic condition. Diabetes is often associated with hypertension; the latter is more difficult to control in hyperglycaemic conditions. We ask whether a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of glucose control could improve treatment of both diabetes and hypertension when they co‐exist. With the involvement of the carotid body (CB) in glucose sensing, metabolic regulation and control of sympathetic nerve activity, we consider the CB as a potential treatment target for both diabetes and hypertension. We provide an update on the role of the CB in glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis. Physiologically, hypoglycaemia stimulates the release of hormones such as glucagon and adrenaline, which mobilize or synthesize glucose; however, these counter‐regulatory responses were markedly attenuated after denervation of the CBs in animals. Also, CB denervation prevents and reverses insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. We discuss the CB as a metabolic regulator (not just a sensor of blood gases) and consider recent evidence of novel ‘metabolic’ receptors within the CB and putative signalling peptides that may control glucose homeostasis via modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The evidence presented may inform future clinical strategies in the treatment of patients with both diabetes and hypertension, which may include the CB.
Generation of Short Pulses by Filtering Phase-Modulated CW Laser Radiation
Authors: Shakhmuratov R. N. 
Published: March 2023

A method for generating short pulses with a high repetition rate is proposed. It is based on periodic modulation of the radiation phase of a CW laser and subsequent filtering through a narrow-band frequency filter. At the output of the filter, a sequence of short pulses is generated with a period equal to half the modulation period. In the case of a resonant filter using atoms, ions or molecules with a narrow absorption line, the appearance of pulses can be explained by constructive interference of the incident radiation with radiation coherently scattered by resonant particles. An alternative explanation of the pulse generation in the general case, when frequency filters operating on other principles are used, is based on the interference of the spectral components remaining after filtering. The method can be applied for time division multiplexing to transmit digital information through a single channel at high speed. The advantage of the proposed method is the use of phase modulation (not strictly periodic), integrated with frequency filtering to generate pulses and encode information simultaneously in one circuit, while in other known methods, information is introduced into a sequence of regularly generated pulses using additional amplitude modulation.
Distribution and determinants of choroidal vascularity index in healthy eyes from deep-learning choroidal analysis: a population-based SS-OCT study
Authors: Xuan Meng , Li Cong , Kong Xiangbin , Zhang Jian , Wang Wei , He Mingguang 
Published: March 2023

AimsTo quantify the profiles of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) using fully artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm applied to swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images and evaluate the determinants of CVI in a population-based study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included adults aged ≥35 years residing in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou, China, a follow-up population-based study. All participants (n=646) underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including SS-OCT for quantifying choroidal parameters. The CVI and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured by a novel AI-based system.ResultsA total of 556 participants were included, with a mean age of 56.4±9.9 years and 44.96% women. The average CVI and SFCT of the overall population were 69.7% (95% CI 69.2 to 70.3) and 263.0 µm (95% CI 257.2 to 268.8), respectively. After adjusting for other factors, older age and longer AL were significantly associated with a lower CVI. The CVI decreased by –0.13% (–0.19 to –0.06, p<0.001) with each 1-year increase in age, –2.10% (–3.29 to –0.92, p=0.001) with each 1 mm increase in AL. Furthermore, significantly positive correlation between CVI and SFCT has been observed, with coefficient of 0.059 (0.052 to 0.065, p<0.001).ConclusionUsing new AI-based choroidal segmentation software, we provided a fast, reliable and objective CVI profile for large-scale samples. Older age and longer AL were independent correlates of choroidal thinning and CVI decline. These factors should be considered when interpreting SS-OCT-based choroidal measurements.
Pharmacodynamic effect of gabapentin on central nervous system in patients with chronic low back pain: a [99mTc]Tc-ECD SPECT study
Authors: Papassidero Priscila , Wichert-Ana Lauro , Lia Erica Negrini , Alexandre-Santos Leonardo , Trevisan Ana Carolina , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Della Pasqua Oscar , Lanchote Vera Lúcia , Dach Fabíola 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundGabapentin is an effective therapeutic alternative for chronic low back pain, indicated in several guidelines for treating neuropathic pain as first-line medication. This study aimed to describe the pharmacodynamics of gabapentin in the central nervous system of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) by using single-photon emission CT (SPECT) with [99mTc]Tc-ECD.MethodsWe selected 13 patients with CLBP due to lumbar disc herniation. They underwent SPECT before and after using gabapentin, compared with a SPECT database of healthy volunteers. A second analysis compared regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes between responders and non-responders to gabapentin and the healthy controls.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 41 years, and the mean pain intensity was 5.92 points, measured by the Numeric Rating Scale. After using gabapentin, SPECT showed an increase of rCBF in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and a decrease of rCBF in periaqueductal gray matter. Non-responder patients with gabapentin showed a post-treatment decrease of rCBF in the paracentral lobule of the brain.ConclusionsA lack of improvement in some patients with gabapentin may be associated with an activated affective circuit of pain, evidenced by the increase of rCBF of the anterior cingulate cortex. A maladaptive brain state in chronic pain can explain the decrease of rCBF in the default mode network structures. Gabapentin acts directly or indirectly on neurons of periaqueductal gray substance by increasing the pain threshold and decreasing the rCBF of this structure.
Mechanized Proofs of Adversarial Complexity and Application to Universal Composability
Authors: Barbosa Manuel , Barthe Gilles , Grégoire Benjamin , Koutsos Adrien , Strub Pierre-Yves 
Published: March 2023

In this work, we enhance the EasyCrypt proof assistant to reason about the computational complexity of adversaries. The key technical tool is a Hoare logic for reasoning about computational complexity (execution time and oracle calls) of adversarial computations. Our Hoare logic is built on top of the module system used by EasyCrypt for modeling adversaries. We prove that our logic is sound w.r.t. the semantics of EasyCrypt programs—we also provide full semantics for the EasyCrypt module system, which was lacking previously.
We showcase (for the first time in EasyCrypt and in other computer-aided cryptographic tools) how our approach can express precise relationships between the probability of adversarial success and their execution time. In particular, we can quantify existentially over adversaries in a complexity class and express general composition statements in simulation-based frameworks. Moreover, such statements can be composed to derive standard concrete security bounds for cryptographic constructions whose security is proved in a modular way. As a main benefit of our approach, we revisit security proofs of some well-known cryptographic constructions and present a new formalization of universal composability.
Uncovering the Protective Neurologic Mechanisms of Hypofractionated FLASH Radiotherapy
Authors: Alaghband Yasaman , Allen Barrett D. , Kramár Eniko A. , Zhang Richard , Drayson Olivia G.G. , Ru Ning , Petit Benoit , Almeida Aymeric , Doan Ngoc-Lien , Wood Marcelo A. , Baulch Janet E. , Ballesteros-Zebadua Paola , Vozenin Marie-Catherine , Limoli Charles L. 
Published: March 2023

Implementation of ultra-high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is rapidly gaining traction as a unique cancer treatment modality able to dramatically minimize normal tissue toxicity while maintaining antitumor efficacy compared with standard-of-care radiotherapy at conventional dose rate (CONV-RT). The resultant improvements in the therapeutic index have sparked intense investigations in pursuit of the underlying mechanisms. As a preamble to clinical translation, we exposed non–tumor-bearing male and female mice to hypofractionated (3 × 10 Gy) whole brain FLASH- and CONV-RT to evaluate differential neurologic responses using a comprehensive panel of functional and molecular outcomes over a 6-month follow-up. In each instance, extensive and rigorous behavioral testing showed FLASH-RT to preserve cognitive indices of learning and memory that corresponded to a similar protection of synaptic plasticity as measured by long-term potentiation (LTP). These beneficial functional outcomes were not found after CONV-RT and were linked to a preservation of synaptic integrity at the molecular (synaptophysin) level and to reductions in neuroinflammation (CD68+ microglia) throughout specific brain regions known to be engaged by our selected cognitive tasks (hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex). Ultrastructural changes in presynaptic/postsynaptic bouton (Bassoon/Homer-1 puncta) within these same regions of the brain were not found to differ in response to dose rate. With this clinically relevant dosing regimen, we provide a mechanistic blueprint from synapse to cognition detailing how FLASH-RT reduces normal tissue complications in the irradiated brain.

Significance:
Functional preservation of cognition and LTP after hypofractionated FLASH-RT are linked to a protection of synaptic integrity and a reduction in neuroinflammation over protracted after irradiation times.
Avaliação dos sintomáticos respiratórios no Pronto-Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP: baixo índice de suspeita de tuberculose pulmonar
Authors: Sano Clarissa Mayumi , Félix Taís Barbosa , Mentone Daniel Lagos , Shout Denise , Okamoto Valdelis Novis , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de 
Published: March 2023

Pela importância do diagnóstico precoce da tuberculose pulmonar, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS)preconiza a investigação de todos os sintomáticos respiratórios através da baciloscopia de escarro. Objetivo: Determinara porcentagem de sintomáticos respiratórios investigados com baciloscopia de escarro no PS-ICHC. Métodos: Foirealizado um estudo transversal revisando todos os atendimentos do PS-ICHC em fevereiro/2000, sendo identificados os sintomáticos respiratórios (tosse produtiva por 3 semanas ou mais). Determinamos, através da ficha clínica e do laboratório, a porcentagem desses pacientes investigados com baciloscopia de escarro. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 55 das 14.780 fichas avaliadas. Entre os 52 sintomáticos respiratórios, foi solicitada baciloscopia de escarro para apenas 9 (16,4%). Desses, 3 tinham tuberculose (33,3%). Conclusão: Apesar da recomendação da OMS, apenas 16,4% dos sintomáticos respiratórios foram investigados com baciloscopia de escarro na amostra estudada do PS- ICHC.
Síndromes dolorosas dos membros superiores
Authors: Yeng Lin Tchia , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Picarelli Helder , Okane Sérgio Yoshimasu , Romano Miriam Aparecida , Benegas Eduardo , Franco Regina Aparecida , Azze Ronaldo J. , Andrade Daniel Ciampi Araújo de 
Published: March 2023

Dor é comum nos membros superiores. Várias são as razões de sua ocorrência quer em afecções músculo-esqueléticas,dermatológicas, vasculares, neuropáticas ou viscerais torácicas e cervicais concorrem para sua ocorrência nos membros superiores. Os dados de história e de exames clínicos e, quando necessário, os exames subsidiários possibilitam diagnóstico preciso na maioria dos casos. Dentre as condições acarretam dor nos membros superiores destacam-se as afecções músculo-esqueléticas, especialmente a síndrome dolorosa miofascial. O tratamento da condição primária e o uso de medidas analgésicas especialmente de medicamentos antiinflamatórios ou opióides, psicotrópicos, medicina física, psicoterapia e, quando necessário, intervenções neurocirúrgicas funcionais aliviam na maioria dos casos.