bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Archaeology
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Evolution, or descent with modification, involves three principles: variation is present in a population, the variants are heritable, and there is a sorting mechanism (or mechanisms) that causes differential survival and reproduction among variants. Evolution works mainly on individuals, occasionally on groups, but what is visible in most cases is not change in individual variants but rather cumulative change in populations of variants over time. In archaeology, evolution is measured in terms of changes in populations of artefacts, which are viewed as phenotypic expressions of human behaviour, which itself is phenotypic. Archaeologists use artefacts to construct historical lineages, or temporal lines of change owing their existence to heritability. They then use those lineages to construct arguments as to which evolutionary process or processes created and later modified them. Asking and answering questions that are historical in nature is the ultimate goal of evolutionary archaeology.
The role of policy design in policy continuation and ratcheting-up of policy ambition
Authors: Sewerin Sebastian , Fesenfeld Lukas P , Schmidt Tobias S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Effectively addressing grand societal challenges like climate change and environmental degradation requires policy intervention that is not only continuous but also increasing in ambition over time. However, negative feedback could lead to policies being weakened or even discontinued after a while. An important but unresolved policy question, therefore, is whether policies can be deliberately designed to survive (i.e., to “stick”) and, ideally, be replaced with more ambitious ones over time (i.e., to “ratchet up”). We bridge policy feedback and policy design scholarship to derive hypotheses on the effects of two policy design features—“intensity” (i.e., a measure of policies’ overall design) and “specificity” (i.e., a measure of policies’ targeted focus)—on policy (dis-)continuation and ratcheting-up (-down) of ambition. Focusing on policy design, we contribute to the theorization and empirical understanding of endogenous factors behind policy change. We test our hypotheses with an event history dataset of 627 low-carbon energy policies in eight developed countries. Conducting a multilevel survival analysis, we find statistically significant evidence of more intense policies being replaced with less intense ones, i.e., more intense policies lead to ratcheting-down of ambition. We also find that more specific policies are more likely to be replaced with more intense policies, i.e., more specific policies lead to ratcheting-up of ambition. Based on these novel insights, we discuss how policy design can navigate these complex dynamics. In this sense, our approach also contributes to the discussion about the “forward-looking” potential of the policy sciences.
Morality, Modality, and Humans with Deep Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Gildea William 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Philosophers struggle to explain why human beings with deep cognitive impairments have a higher moral status than certain non-human animals. Modal personism promises to solve this problem. It claims that humans who lack the capacities of “personhood” and the potential to develop them nonetheless could have been persons. I argue that modal personism has poor prospects because it's hard to see how we could offer a plausible account of modal personhood. I search for an adequate understanding of modal personhood by considering existing accounts and sketching new ones. But each account fails, either because it objectionably excludes some deeply cognitively impaired humans from the class of modal persons or because it makes modal personhood doubtfully relevant to moral status. And the modal personist cannot solve this problem by appealing to the misfortune suffered by modal persons.
Experiences of implementing the ‘Making Every Contact Count’ initiative into a UK integrated care system: an interview study
Authors: Turner Rebecca , Byrne-Davis Lucie , Michael Panayiotis , Coupe Nia , Holtom Caroline , Smith Cheryl , Hart Jo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The ‘Making Every Contact Count’ (MECC) approach is in line with the current National Health Service (NHS) strategy to improve and prevent health conditions in England. Despite its importance and value for preventative healthcare, implementation of MECC varies. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing MECC and MECC training into an integrated care system (ICS).

Methods
Remote semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff across an ICS in the North West of England who were involved in implementing and delivering MECC across the region. Data were analysed initially using an inductive thematic analysis approach and then interpreted using the ‘Capability, Opportunity, Motivation = Behaviour’ (COM-B) model of behaviour change.

Results
We interviewed nine stakeholders and identified three superordinate themes: (1) macro-level barriers and facilitators, e.g. funding; (2) organizational level barriers and facilitators, e.g. time and resource; and (3) individual-level barriers/facilitators for both MECC trainers and MECC agents.

Conclusions
MECC has potential to meet the needs of the public’s health, but barriers to its implementation exist. MECC must be successfully embedded into organizations and regions in which it is implemented, which relies on further development of an appropriate infrastructure including sustainable funding and a shift in culture to value preventative healthcare.
Inference on Winners
Authors: Andrews Isaiah , Kitagawa Toru , McCloskey Adam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Policy makers, firms, and researchers often choose among multiple options based on estimates. Sampling error in the estimates used to guide choice leads to a winner’s curse, since we are more likely to select a given option precisely when we overestimate its effectiveness. This winner’s curse biases our estimates for selected options upward and can invalidate conventional confidence intervals. This article develops estimators and confidence intervals that eliminate this winner’s curse. We illustrate our results by studying selection of job-training programs based on estimated earnings effects and selection of neighborhoods based on estimated economic opportunity. We find that our winner’s curse corrections can make an economically significant difference to conclusions but still allow informative inference.
Violence against Women at Work
Authors: Adams-Prassl Abi , Huttunen Kristiina , Nix Emily , Zhang Ning 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We link every police report in Finland to administrative data to identify violence between colleagues and the economic consequences for victims, perpetrators, and firms. This new approach to observe when one colleague attacks another overcomes previous data constraints limiting evidence on this phenomenon to self-reported surveys that do not identify perpetrators. We document large, persistent labor market effects of between-colleague violence on victims and perpetrators. Male perpetrators experience substantially weaker consequences after attacking female colleagues. Perpetrators’ relative economic power in male-female violence partly explains this asymmetry. Turning to broader implications for firm recruitment and retention, we find that male-female violence causes a decline in the proportion of women at the firm, both because fewer new women are hired and current female employees leave. Management plays a key role in mediating the effects on the wider workforce. Only male-managed firms lose women. Female-managed firms exhibit a key difference relative to male-managed firms: male perpetrators are less likely to remain employed after attacking their female colleagues.
The Evolution of Market Power in the U.S. Automobile Industry
Authors: Grieco Paul L E , Murry Charles , Yurukoglu Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We construct measures of industry performance and welfare in the U.S. automobile market from 1980 to 2018. We estimate a demand model using product-level data on market shares, prices, and attributes, and consumer-level data on demographics, purchases, and stated second choices. We estimate marginal costs assuming Nash-Bertrand pricing. We relate trends in consumer welfare and markups to trends in market structure and the composition of products. Although real prices rose, we find that markups decreased substantially, and the fraction of total surplus accruing to consumers increased. Consumer welfare increased over time due to improved product quality and improved production technology.
Dosimetry of a self-shielded gamma irradiator small animal whole-body irradiations: comparisons between ionisation chamber and alanine
Authors: Ménard Véronique , Ristic Yoann , Trompier François 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Because of reproducibility and repeatability problems with reference measurements made with an ionisation chamber in a self-protected GSRD1 irradiator, a comparison was made with alanine dosimetry for a whole-body mouse irradiation setup in a sterile box. The twisting of the cables in the cable duct and in the irradiator cell and the irradiation of the ionisation chamber connector are likely to have caused the problems encountered. These problems are not observed on other types of irradiators with more suitable cable passages. A difference up to 8.4% was observed between the alanine dosimetry and ionisation chamber. The influence of the number of animals in the sterile box on the whole-body dose of the animals was also evaluated with alanine and found to be &lt;2%.
Benefits and challenges of in vivo EPR nail biodosimetry in a second tier of medical triage in response to a large radiation event
Authors: Flood Ann Barry , Sidabras Jason W , Swarts Steven G , Buehler Paul W , Schreiber Wilson , Grinberg Oleg , Swartz Harold M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Following large-scale radiation events, an overwhelming number of people will potentially need mitigators or treatment for radiation-induced injuries. This necessitates having methods to triage people based on their dose and its likely distribution, so life-saving treatment is directed only to people who can benefit from such care. Using estimates of victims following an improvised nuclear device striking a major city, we illustrate a two-tier approach to triage. At the second tier, after first removing most who would not benefit from care, biodosimetry should provide accurate dose estimates and determine whether the dose was heterogeneous. We illustrate the value of using in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance nail biodosimetry to rapidly assess dose and determine its heterogeneity using independent measurements of nails from the hands and feet. Having previously established its feasibility, we review the benefits and challenges of potential improvements of this method that would make it particularly suitable for tier 2 triage. Improvements, guided by a user-centered approach to design and development, include expanding its capability to make simultaneous, independent measurements and improving its precision and universality.
EPR investigation of gamma-irradiated FAMOSER drug for DOSIMETRIC purposes
Authors: Babayeva Nazrin , Ece Emel , Biyik Recep , Ozmen Ayhan , Sayin Ulku 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can also lead to the formation of stable or unstable radicals in the structures of drugs, as in many materials. The concentrations of these radicals may show a linear dependence on the radiation dose exposed. Since drugs are materials that can be found next to or on radiation victims during a possible nuclear or radiological accident, it is very meaningful to determine the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) dosimetric properties of stable radicals in their structures. In this study, the dosimetric properties of Famoser, which is one of the stomach-relieving drugs that people often have with them in their daily life, in the dose range of 10–800 Gy were investigated by EPR technique.
Development of high-throughput systems for biodosimetry
Authors: Wilkins Ruth C , Beaton-Green Lindsay A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Biomarkers for ionising radiation exposure have great utility in scenarios where there has been a potential exposure and physical dosimetry is missing or in dispute, such as for occupational and accidental exposures. Biomarkers that respond as a function of dose are particularly useful as biodosemeters to determine the dose of radiation to which an individual has been exposed. These dose measurements can also be used in medical scenarios to track doses from medical exposures and even have the potential to identify an individual’s response to radiation exposure that could help tailor treatments. The measurement of biomarkers of exposure in medicine and for accidents, where a larger number of samples would be required, is limited by the throughput of analysis (i.e. the number of samples that could be processed and analysed), particularly for microscope-based methods, which tend to be labour-intensive. Rapid analysis in an emergency scenario, such as a large-scale accident, would provide dose estimates to medical practitioners, allowing timely administration of the appropriate medical countermeasures to help mitigate the effects of radiation exposure. In order to improve sample throughput for biomarker analysis, much effort has been devoted to automating the process from sample preparation through automated image analysis. This paper will focus mainly on biological endpoints traditionally analysed by microscopy, specifically dicentric chromosomes, micronuclei and gamma-H2AX. These endpoints provide examples where sample throughput has been improved through automated image acquisition, analysis of images acquired by microscopy, as well as methods that have been developed for analysis using imaging flow cytometry.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for the detection of radiation exposure in dreissenid mussels
Authors: Tzivaki Margarita , Hassan Amna , Waller Edward 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, established for radiation measurements in calcified tissues, was identified as a methodology that merits investigation for the purpose of environmental radiation measurements using dreissenid mussels from the Great Lakes. With the refinement of sample preparation and measurement protocols, a linear relationship of dose with the peak-to-peak height of the radiation-induced signal at g = 2.0034 was established. A dedicated analysis algorithm was developed to process batches of samples, eliminating the need for manual peak-to-peak height measurement. Varying background EPR signals were identified in different sampling groups, with samples gathered in winter having a markedly lower background signal. Through optimisation of spectrum acquisition normalisation methods, it was possible to resolve doses as low as 0.2 Gy. This work provides further validation that EPR dosimetry of shelled species has the potential to contribute to better characterisation of absorbed doses in aquatic environments.
Paramagnetic characterization of fossil mollusc shells at eastern part of the old Konya lake: its importance for EPR dating
Authors: Ekici Gamze , Sayin Ulku , Isik Mesut , Kapan Sevinc , Demir Ahmet , Aydin Karaaslan Hulya , Delikan Arif , Biyik Recep , Orhan Hukmu , Engin Birol , Tapramaz Recep , Ozmen Ayhan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fossil mollusc shells are used for dating geological materials because they are well preserved throughout geological time. In this study, the radicals in the structure of fossil mollusc shells (Dreissena iconica, Valvata piscinalis, Bithynia tentaculate, Unio pictorum) collected from the Eastern Part of Old Konya Lake in Türkiye were investigated by EPR technique. For all fossil shells, microwave and temperature dependence of the signals were examined, and the signals suitable for dating are discussed. Characteristic features of intrinsic and impurity-related radicals were identified and the importance of paleontological evaluation of molluscs to get a reliable equivalent dose in EPR dating studies was emphasised.
Monte Carlo modelling of experimental setup used for biodosimetry intercomparison
Authors: Gunasekara Dinindu , Wilkins Ruth , Tessier Frédéric , Beaton-Green Lindsay 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When using biodosimetry techniques to assess absorbed dose from an ionising radiation exposure, a calibration curve is required. At Health Canada (HC), these curves are generated for a variety of radiation qualities and assays to translate biological damage into absorbed dose. They are produced by irradiating biological samples in custom-designed water-equivalent phantoms inside a cabinet X-ray machine. In the HC lab, two different phantoms can be used for irradiation that differs in material composition and internal geometry. To ensure consistency, the impact of using the phantoms interchangeably was investigated. This was done through lab measurements and the development of a Monte Carlo (MC) model. Differences up to 6.7% were found between the two experimental setups, indicating the need for careful consideration if using these setups interchangeably in the laboratory. Once validated, the MC model can be used to investigate different aspects of the experimental setup without the need for laboratory measurements.
Biopsychosocial approach to male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: recent treatments and trials
Authors: Sandler Max D , Ledesma Braian , Thomas Jamie , Ben-Ezra Logan , Lokeshwar Soum D , Paz Lisa A , White Joshua , Ramasamy Ranjith , Masterson Thomas A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common urologic condition that can cause significant disability in affected individuals. Physiologic explanations of chronic pain are often incomplete; appropriate management of CPPS includes recognition of biological, psychological, and social elements, known as the biopsychosocial model.

Objective
The aim of this narrative review is to investigate treatments for men with CPPS, with a special focus on those utilizing the biopsychosocial model of care.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, using relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to CPPS treatments. The search was limited to studies published in English from inception to January 2023. Additionally, reference lists of selected studies were manually reviewed to find studies not identified by the initial search. Studies were included if they investigated pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic treatments for men with CPPS.

Results
A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Antibiotics, α-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors were among the pharmacologic agents included in trials attempting to reduce symptoms of male CPPS. Studies that focused on treating CPPS without medication included interventions such as shockwave therapy, acupuncture, physical therapy, botulinum toxin, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Conclusion
α-Blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promising results in treating CPPS in men, while the effectiveness of antibiotics remains controversial. Antidepressants and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may also be useful in decreasing symptoms in patients with CPPS. Treatments such as pelvic floor muscle therapy, acupuncture, shockwave therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy must be considered effective complements to medical management in men with CPPS. While these interventions demonstrate benefits as monotherapies, the individualization and combination of treatment modalities are likely to result in reduced pain and improved quality of life.
The high burden of pediatric cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan: epidemiological and clinical consequences
Authors: Doszhanova Gaukhar , Colpani Agnese , Duisenova Amangul , De Vito Andrea , Zholdybay Zhamilya , Juszkiewicz Konrad , Brunetti Enrico , Katarbayev Adyl , Kaniyev Shokan , Zhakenova Zhanar , Manciulli Tommaso , Mustapayeva Aigerim 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is attributable to Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes. Ultrasound examinations enable a stage-specific approach to CE management. However, this approach is not often applied in endemic areas, which include Kazakhstan.

Methods
We collected clinical and ultrasound data on CE pediatric patients seen at a national referral surgical center in Almaty, Kazakhstan, during 2015–2020.

Results
We included 49 patients, and 79 cysts that were all surgically treated. All but one patient carried active cysts (CE1-CE3 stages). Twenty-six (53.2%) did not receive albendazole postsurgery. Children with CE1 and CE3a cysts underwent surgery, while the use of albendazole and percutaneous drainage were advised upon by experts.

Conclusions
A stage-specific approach to CE management in Kazakhstan is urgent, especially in the pediatric population. The rate of active cysts suggests continuing transmission of CE.
RNA‐binding protein‐regulated fibronectin is essential for EGFR‐activated metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shieh Jiunn‐Min , Chang Ting‐Wei , Wang Jing‐He , Liang Song‐Ping , Kao Pei‐Lu , Chen Liang‐Yi , Yen Chia‐Jui , Chen Yun‐Ju , Chang Wen‐Chang , Chen Ben‐Kuen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a higher expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in up to 90% of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue than in normal surrounding tissues. However, the role of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in EGFR‐associated metastasis of HNSCC remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that RBPs, specifically nucleolin (NCL) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1), correlated with the mesenchymal phenotype of HNSCC. The depletion of RBPs significantly attenuated EGF‐induced HNSCC metastasis. Intriguingly, the EGF‐induced EMT markers, such as fibronectin, were regulated by RBPs through the ERK and NF‐κB pathway, followed by the enhancement of mRNA stability of fibronectin through the 5′ untranslated region (5′‐UTR) of the gene. The upregulation of fibronectin triggered the integrin signaling activation to enhance tumor cells’ attachment to endothelial cells and increase endothelial permeability. In addition, the concurrence of EGFR and RBPs or EGFR and fibronectin was associated with overall survival and disease‐free survival of HNSCC. The in vivo study showed that depletion of NCL, hnRNPA2B1, and fibronectin significantly inhibited EGF‐promoted extravasation of tumor cells into lung tissues. The depletion of fibronectin or treatment with integrin inhibitors dramatically attenuated EGF‐induced HNSCC metastatic nodules in the lung. Our data suggest that the RBPs/fibronectin axis is essential for EGF‐induced tumor‐endothelial cell interactions to enhance HNSCC cell metastasis.