bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression: a disorder of neuroimmune origin
Authors: Corrigan Myles , O'Rourke Aoife M. , Moran Barry , Fletcher Jean M. , Harkin Andrew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There are several hypotheses concerning the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression, which centre largely around adaptive changes in neuronal transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis, and circuit and regional connectivity. The immune and endocrine systems are commonly implicated in driving these changes. An intricate interaction of stress hormones, innate immune cells and the actions of soluble mediators of immunity within the nervous system is described as being associated with the symptoms of depression. Bridging endocrine and immune processes to neurotransmission and signalling within key cortical and limbic brain circuits are critical to understanding depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origins. Emergent areas of research include a growing recognition of the adaptive immune system, advances in neuroimaging techniques and mechanistic insights gained from transgenic animals. Elucidation of glial–neuronal interactions is providing additional avenues into promising areas of research, the development of clinically relevant disease models and the discovery of novel therapies. This narrative review focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms that are influenced by inflammation and stress. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origin, focusing on neuroendocrine and neuroimmune dysregulation in depression pathophysiology. Advances in current understanding lie in pursuit of relevant biomarkers, as the potential of biomarker signatures to improve clinical outcomes is yet to be fully realised. Further investigations to expand biomarker panels including integration with neuroimaging, utilising individual symptoms to stratify patients into more homogenous subpopulations and targeting the immune system for new treatment approaches will help to address current unmet clinical need.
A deep image segmentation‐based method for stitching ancient‐book images without an overlapping region
Authors: Chen Genlang , Zhou Han , Huang Gang , Song Guanghui , Zhang Jiajian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith continuous advancements in ancient‐book digitization and preservation research, the problems with the stitching of ancient‐book images have become increasingly prominent, as traditional feature‐mapping‐based methods cannot satisfactorily stitch non‐overlapping images. To realize the accurate stitching of the left and right pages of ancient‐book images, this paper proposes a method for ancient‐book image stitching to meet the requirements of their digitization in back‐wrapped binding and other binding forms. First, a dataset of the black text frames from ancient‐book images was established and then used to train a VGG16‐UNet network for the extraction of black text frames. Then, the Douglas–Peucker algorithm was used to fit the black text frames and filter outliers. Finally, a sliding matching algorithm based on the position information of black text frames was proposed for the rectification of misalignments. The results showed that the method achieved a satisfying stitching effect and had good robustness.
Explore the potential of deep learning and hyperchaotic map in the meaningful visual image encryption scheme
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Yichuan , Xiao Yeqiu , Hei Xinhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, meaningful visual image encryption schemes that the plain image is compressed and encrypted and then hidden into the carrier image have received increasing attention. This paper proposes a new meaningful visual image encryption scheme, which consists of three stages: compression (compression network)—encryption (2D‐SLC hyperchaotic map)—hiding (matrix encoding). First, the advantages of deep learning are explored. It can compress the width, height, channel, and pixel values of the plain image simultaneously. Second, a new 2D‐SLC hyperchaotic map is designed to ensure security. It has a larger chaotic space and better randomness. Finally, to obtain a high‐quality cipher image, the secure secret image is hidden in the grey carrier image by matrix encoding. The scheme can compress and encrypt the grey or colour plain image and then hide it in a grey carrier image. In addition, the theoretical peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) between the cipher image and the carrier image is improved from 40.9292 to 42.1785 dB. The total running time is only about 0.35, 0.87 and 3.1 s for a 256 × 256, 512 × 512 and 1024 × 1024 grey or colour plain image, respectively.
Biosynthesis of ZnO.Ag2O3 using aqueous extract of Haplophyllum obtusifolium: Characterization and cell toxicity activity against liver carcinoma cells
Authors: Khalil Abad Majid Halimi , Nadaf Mohabat , Taghavizadeh Yazdi Mohammad Ehsan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe zinc oxide‐silver oxide nanocomposite (ZnO.Ag2O3 particles) was prepared by using an aqueous plant extract of Haplophyllum obtusifolium for the first time. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transforms spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to analyze the structure, functional groups, morphology, and purity of the prepared nanocomposite. PXRD revealed the formulation of ZnO.Ag2O3 for the particles. The investigation of functional groups has demonstrated the presence of some carbonated impurities along with absorbed water in the composition of the ZnO.Ag2O3 nanocomposite. Morphologically, particles have formed a petal‐like shape with different sizes. The EDX analysis also confirmed the composition of the prepared sample and the presence of 4.78% silver in the formula. Additionally, the TEM analysis revealed spherical and rectangular shapes with a particle size of 80.43 ± 46.73 nm. Moreover, the ZnO.Ag2O3 particles were used against cancer cells, which has shown synthesized NCs have a toxic effect against liver cancer cells in a concentration and time‐dependent manner.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based routing and resource assignment in quantum key distribution‐secured optical networks
Authors: Sharma Purva , Gupta Shubham , Bhatia Vimal , Prakash Shashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn quantum key distribution‐secured optical networks (QKD‐ONs), constrained network resources limit the success probability of QKD lightpath requests (QLRs). Thus, the selection of an appropriate route and the efficient utilisation of network resources for establishment of QLRs are the essential and challenging problems. This work addresses the routing and resource assignment (RRA) problem in the quantum signal channel of QKD‐ONs. The RRA problem of QKD‐ONs is a complex decision making problem, where appropriate solutions depend on understanding the networking environment. Motivated by the recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for complex problems and also because of its capability to learn directly from experiences, DRL is exploited to solve the RRA problem and a DRL‐based RRA scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme learns the optimal policy to select an appropriate route and assigns suitable network resources for establishment of QLRs by using deep neural networks. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the deep‐Q network (DQN) method and two baseline schemes, namely, first‐fit (FF) and random‐fit (RF) for two different networks, namely The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) and UBN24. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces blocking by 7.19%, 10.11%, and 33.50% for NSFNET and 2.47%, 3.20%, and 19.60% for UBN24 and improves resource utilisation up to 3.40%, 4.33%, and 7.18% for NSFNET and 1.34%, 1.96%, and 6.44% for UBN24 as compared with DQN, FF, and RF, respectively.
Développement d’un programme de patients simulés : partage de quinze ans d’expérience à l’Université de Lausanne
Authors: Viret Francine , Christen Ariane , Boegli Jo , Félix Sylvie 
Published: June 2023

Contexte : Il y a plus de 15 ans, l’École de médecine de la Faculté de biologie et de médecine de l’Université de Lausanne (Suisse) s’est dotée d’un programme de patients simulés. Celui-ci a pour mission de contribuer à la formation et à l’évaluation des étudiants en médecine et à la formation continue des professionnels de la santé de plusieurs institutions. Objectifs : Cette publication décrit les ressources qui ont été nécessaires au développement du programme, les rôles pédagogiques des patients simulés et les processus de recrutement, formation et encadrement mis en place. Conclusion : Les standards de bonnes pratiques ont guidé l’évolution du programme, pour en faire un acteur reconnu de la formation dans le domaine de la santé.
Relevanz früher strukturierter Diagnostik zur erfolgreichen
Nervenrekonstruktion: Ein Fallbericht bei Nervus axillaris – Verletzung
einer alpinen Profi-Skisportlerin
Authors: Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth Maria , Hladik Mortimer M. , Koban Konstantin Christoph , Giunta Riccardo 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungUnter den Sportarten mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zeigen sich im alpinen
Abfahrtslauf vermehrt Hochrasanztraumata. Wir berichten über eine junge
professionelle Skirennläuferin, die im Rahmen eines Weltcuprennens eine
Schulterluxation mit Abriss des Nervus axillaris erlitt. Nach Erstversorgung der
Schulterluxation blieb ihr eine Abduktionsschwäche, sowie ein
Sensibilitätsdefizit im Bereich des Musculus deltoideus zurück.
Nach elektrophysiologischen und klinischen Untersuchungen wurde sie erst nach
Verzögerung in unserem Zentrum vorstellig. Es wurde umgehend die
operative Versorgung mit Nerventransfer und Nerventransplantation
durchgeführt. Bereits 11 Monate nach ihrem Sturz konnte die Patientin
wieder mit ihrem Trainingsprogramm beginnen. Dieser Fallbericht zeigt die
Bedeutung frühzeitiger Diagnostik, Vorstellung in einem Zentrum
für Plastische Chirurgie und das gute Outcome nach operativer Therapie
bei peripheren Nervenverletzungen.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cryoanalgesia for Pain Management following Pectus Excavatum Repair: A Single-Center, Single-Blind, Parallel Design Study
Authors: Rim Gong Min , Kim Hee Kyung , Koo Jung Min , Park Hyung Joo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction Conventional postoperative pain management, with an intravenous patient-controlled approach or thoracic epidural analgesia, has proved suboptimal following a minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Considering its postulated mechanism of action, we encouraged cryoanalgesia as an effective method for postrepair pain management and a possibly superior alternative.
Methods A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was tested on patients undergoing pectus excavatum (PE) repair in March and December 2022. Among 101 patients, consenting study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: cryoanalgesia (group C, n = 24) or noncryoanalgesia (group N, n = 24). Group N received conventional pain management. Comparing the results, pain levels were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS-R for resting and VAS-D for dynamic) and the total rescue analgesic consumption was determined. Intrathoracic cryoablation was performed bilaterally on the fourth and seventh intercostal nerves using a cryoprobe at −80°C for 2 minutes.
Results The two groups had similar baseline-patient characteristics; however, group C had a longer mean operative time (159 vs. 125 minutes, p < 0.01) and experienced significantly less pain throughout the postoperative course, with VAS at 6 hours (5.38 vs. 7.04, p < 0.01) and 48 hours (3.17 vs. 5.67, p < 0.01).
Conclusion Cryoanalgesia improved postoperative pain control at rest and during movement following PE repair. However, the outcome was less favorable than expected because the VAS was greater than 4 (moderate pain), although after a day or two, it decreased to lower levels (VAS < 4) in the cyro group. Considering its extra invasiveness and instrumentation, a routine cryoanalgesia procedure for pectus surgery is yet to be determined.
Is a higher frequency of esophageal dilations more effective in treating benign esophageal strictures? Retrospective, multicenter study
Authors: Graf Christiana , Reden Monika , Blasberg Tobias , Knabe Mate , May Andrea , Ell Christian , Wedi Edris , Wetzstein Nils , Michael Florian , Zeuzem Stefan , Bojunga Jörg , Friedrich-Rust Mireen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims There is still a lack of evidence-based recommendations concerning endoscopic bougienage in benign esophageal strictures. Our study aimed to assess the relevance of the time interval between endoscopic dilation (ED) sessions with regard to endoscopic and clinical response.
Patients and methods We performed a retrospective study including patients treated with endoscopic bougienage for a benign esophageal stricture in two German centers. Primary endpoint was the number of ED until freedom from dysphagia was achieved. Secondary endpoints were analyses on reaching a diameter of 15 mm and on achieving clinical freedom from symptoms.
Results Between April 2014 and March 2020, bougienage was used as
the primary treatment for benign esophageal strictures in 238 patients (194 patients in Center
1; 44 patients in Center 2). Both centers differed in their endoscopic bougienage regime:
Center 1 was characterized by a higher frequency of interventions compared to Center 2
(median: 2 days [range 1–28] vs. 10 days [range 1–41]; P<0.001).
Clinical response was achieved significantly earlier using the high-frequency regimen in all
patients except for those with post-radiogen strictures, who clinically benefited from a
low-frequency ED program. Accordingly, patients receiving higher-frequency ED reached a
significantly larger post-dilation diameter and considerably larger diameter
differences.
Conclusions The results of our study demonstrate that a treatment
concept consisting of higher-frequency bougienages seems to be more effective in treating most
types of esophageal stricture. Radiogenic strictures were the only types of stenoses that
benefited from a lower frequency ED program.
Safety and efficacy of underwater versus conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal polyps: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Chandan Saurabh , Bapaye Jay , Khan Shahab R. , Mohan Babu P. , Ramai Daryl , Dahiya Dushyant S. , Bilal Mohammad , Draganov Peter V. , Othman Mohamed O. , Rodriguez Sánchez Joaquin , Kochhar Gursimran S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) is limited by low en-bloc resection rates, especially for large (> 20 mm) lesions. Underwater EMR (U-EMR) has emerged as an alternative for colorectal polyps and is being shown to improve en-bloc resection rates. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two techniques.
Methods Multiple databases were searched through November 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes of U-EMR and C-EMR for colorectal polyps. Meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled proportions and relative risks (RRs) of R0 and en-bloc resection, polyp recurrence, resection time, and adverse events.
Results Seven RCTs with 1458 patients (U-EMR: 739, C-EMR: 719) were included. The pooled rate of en-bloc resection was significantly higher with U-EMR vs C-EMR, 70.17% (confidence interval [CI] 46.68–86.34) vs 58.14% (CI 31.59–80.68), respectively, RR 1.21 (CI 1.01–1.44). R0 resection rates were higher with U-EMR vs C-EMR, 58.1% (CI 29.75–81.9) vs 44.6% (CI 17.4–75.4), RR 1.25 (CI 0.99–1.6). For large polyps (> 20 mm), en-bloc resection rates were comparable between the two techniques, RR 1.24 (CI 0.83–1.84). Resection times were comparable between U-EMR and C-EMR, standardized mean difference –1.21 min (CI –2.57 to –0.16). Overall pooled rates of perforation, and immediate and delayed bleeding were comparable between U-EMR and C-EMR. Pooled rate of polyp recurrence at surveillance colonoscopy was significantly lower with U-EMR than with C-EMR, RR 0.62 (CI 0.41–0.94).
Conclusions Colorectal U-EMR results in higher en-bloc resection and lower recurrence rates when compared to C-EMR. Both techniques have comparable resection times and safety profiles.
Effects of Electron-Donor and Counter-Cation in Photoinduced Deboronative and Decarboxylative Aryl Radical Generation Using Two-Molecule Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuharu , Hashimoto Ryoga , Furutani Toshiki , Suzuki Hirotsugu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of electron-donors and counter-cations on the visible-light-induced deboronation and decarboxylation of arylboronic acid derivatives and benzoic acids using two-molecule photoredox catalysts. Different efficiencies in aryl radical generation were observed upon replacing the electron-donor and counter-cation. The rate of photoinduced deboronation of arylboronic acid derivatives strongly depends on the substituent, whereas the influence of counter-cation (Na+ and K+) was relatively minor. In the case of the benzoate ion derived from benzoic acid, the effect of both substituent and counter-cation decreases because of the complex mechanism. Additionally, the dependence of the oxidation ability of the radical cation on the electron-donor suggests the possibility of roughly estimating the oxidation potentials of the arylborate and benzoate ions.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Conventional Physiotherapy Methods and Robot-Assisted Gait Training after Botulinum Toxin Injection of Lower Extremities in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Güç Ayşe , Çebiçci Mehtap Aykaç , Sütbeyaz Serap Tomruk , Çalış Havva Talay , Abakay Hanife 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere are increasing numbers of studies regarding robot-assisted gait training thanks to technological developments and whether it is superior to conventional physiotherapy methods draws attention. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy methods and robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy receiving botulinum toxin injection of lower extremities. A total of 28 patients who were followed up in our clinic and had received botulinum toxin injection of lower extremities in the last month were randomized into two groups in the study. First group received conventional physiotherapy (range of joint motion [ROM], stretching, gait training, etc.), and the other group received robot-assisted gait training. The study population was evaluated pre- and posttreatment regarding their ROM, spasticity, gross motor function, balance, functional independence, and gait analyses. When we look at the responses of the patients before and after treatment, a statistically significant change was observed in all fields when comparing before treatment with after treatment (p <  0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. We find that both conventional physiotherapy methods and robot-assisted treatments after botulinum toxin injection of lower extremities in children with cerebral palsy were efficient; however, one of both methods was not superior to the other. In addition, further large-scale studies with long-term follow-ups on the comparison of treatment methods are needed.
Imaging the Ear Anatomy and Function Using Optical Coherence Tomography Vibrometry
Authors: Dong Wei , Meenderink Sebastiaan W.F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel technology for performing real-time high-speed and high-resolution cross-sectional imaging on the micro-scale in situ. It is analogous to ultrasound imaging, except that it uses light instead of sound. OCT has recently been introduced in auditory research to visualize the various structures of the ear with a minimally invasive operation. In addition, OCT can be used as a vibrometry system that is capable to detect sound-induced sub-nanometer vibrations of the middle and inner ear. OCT-vibrometry measures depth-resolved vibrations into the specimen, which overcomes several limitations of classical vibrometry techniques (e.g., single surface point measurements using laser interferometry). In this article, we illustrate how to visualize the anatomy and function of the middle and inner ear (the cochlea) in a gerbil model using recently developed spectral-domain OCT. Our results demonstrate that the largest clinical impact of OCT for otology is to visualize various pathologies and quantify sound conduction and processing in the individual peripheral human ear.
Research Hotspots and Trends in the Diagnosis of Chorioamnionitis: Based on Bibliometric Analysis from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Guo Xiaojun , Wang YiXiao , Obore Nathan , Qian Wei , Yu Hong 
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature related to the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis (CAM) and to point out the current research progress, hotspots, and development trends of CAM research.
Study Design Literature on the diagnosis of CAM from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 2010 and 2022 was retrieved. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Online Analysis Platform (OALM) were used to draw maps of authors, articles, journals, institutions, countries/regions, and keywords.
Results A total of 312 articles were included, and the number of articles gradually increased over the study period. The author with the largest number of articles was Roberto Romero. The institution with the largest number of articles was Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the United States was the country that produced the largest number of articles. Analysis of keywords and outbreak words suggested that future research hotspots and trends may focus on early treatment of CAM and more precise, noninvasive, and more sensitive diagnoses.
Conclusion In this study, visualization software and data information mining were innovatively used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of articles in the field of CAM diagnosis, and the current status, hotspots, and development of this field were obtained. Future research hotspots may be the precision diagnosis and treatment of CAM.
Key Points
Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Çalışkan Burcu , Canbal Abdullah , Güven Ahmet Sami , Bitirgen Gülfidan , Erdi Mehmet Fatih , Çaksen Hüseyin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdiopathic intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is defined as an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) without an identifiable and/or structural cause or abnormal cerebrospinal fluid content. The most common symptoms of PTCS include headache, vomiting, pulsatile tinnitus, blurred vision, and diplopia. In 2 to 3% of PTCS patients, severe and rapidly progressive vision loss may develop within 1 month since symptoms begin; this clinical condition is usually defined as fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension (FIIH). This study presented a patient admitted to the hospital with headache and blurred vision, who also had high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections total antibody level and was treated with a lumboperitoneal shunt due to medical treatment-resistant increased ICP. We also reviewed similar cases previously reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no children affected with coronavirus 2019 related to FIIH and requiring surgical treatment have been yet reported in the literature.