bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circularly Polarized Tunable Graphene-Dielectric Resonator Based Hybrid MIMO Radiator with Multidirectional Pattern Diversity for THz Application
Authors: Yadav Kumar Saurabh , Bharti Gagandeep , Verma Sudhanshu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a four port graphene-dielectric resonator based MIMO radiator is structured and examined. The exclusive properties of designed radiating structure are: (i) designed aperture creates the circularly polarized (CP) waves in between 2.49-2.75 THz; (ii) proposed multiport aerial is structured so that every port is radiated in different direction; and (iii) change in the chemical potential of graphene creates the reconfigurable property in the designed antenna. The proposed antenna design works well in between 2.46-2.87 THz with the isolation level approx. 15 dB among antenna ports. Radiator gain is about 4.5 dBi within the working band. The proposed antenna has stable far-field characteristics and decent value of MIMO parameter. All these features make the designed radiator employable for wireless communication system at THz frequency.
Association between diastolic blood pressure during the first 24 hours and 28 day mortality in patients with septic shock: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Li Cong , Chen Hui , Chen Dongyu , Ma ShaoLei , Xie Jianfeng , Wu Changde , Liu Ling , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Although the mean arterial pressure (MAP) target of 65mmHg was achieved, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was still low in some septic shock patients. The effects of DBP on the prognosis and optimal target for patients with septic shock remains unknown. We sought to investigate the relationship between DBP and mortality at 28 days in septic shock patients.
Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we obtained data from the Chinese Database in Intensive Care (CDIC). We included patients with an admission diagnosis of septic shock and shock was controlled. DBP was measured every 1 hour, and the mean DBP during the first 24h (mDBP24h) was recorded. The primary outcome was mortality at 28 days. Multivariable logistic regression determined the relationship between mDBP24h and mortality at 28 days.
Results: In total, 1251 patients were finally included. The 28 day mortality of included septic shock patients was 28.3%. The mDBP24h, not mSBP24h,was higher among 28 day survivors compared with non-survivors. 28 day mortality was inversely associated with mDBP24h (unadjusted OR 0.814 per 10mmHg higher mDBP24h, p=0.003), with a stepwise increase in 28 day mortality at lower mDBP24h. The 28 day mortality of patients with mDBP24h <59 mmHg had an absolute risk reduction of 9.4% (p=0.001). And mDBP24h<59mmHg was the remaining high risk factor inversely associated with 28 day mortality after multivariable adjustment (adjusted OR 1.915, 95% CI 1.037-3.536, p=0.038), while mMAP24h and mSBP24h were not.
Conclusion: In patients with septic shock after initial resuscitation, we observed an inverse relationship between mDBP24h and 28 day mortality. The poor outcomes in patients with mDBP24h<59mmHg provide indirect evidence supporting a further DBP goal of 59 mmHg for patients with septic shock after MAP of 65mmHg was achieved.
The acetyltransferase BmCBP can catalyze the acetylation modification of BmSP3 and affect its protein expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Zu Guowei , Sun Zihan , Chen Yanmei , Geng Jiasheng , Lv Jiao , You Zhengying , Jiang Caiying , Sheng Qing , Nie Zuoming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Protein acetylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) that widely exists in organisms. As a reversible PTM, acetylation modification can regulate the function of proteins with extremely high efficiency. In the previous study, the acetylation sites of silkworm proteins were identified on a large scale by nano-HPLC/MS/MS (nanoscale high performance liquid chromatography-tandem secondary mass spectrometry), and a total of 11 acetylation sites were discovered on Bombyx mori nutrient-storage protein SP3 (BmSP3). In this study, the acetylation of BmSP3 was further verified by immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting. Then, it was confirmed that acetylation could up-regulate the expression of BmSP3 by improving its protein stability in BmN cells. Co-IP and RNAi experiments showed acetyltransferase BmCBP could bind to BmSP3 and catalyze its acetylation modification, then regulate the expression of BmSP3. Furthermore, the knock-down of BmCBP could improve the ubiquitination level of BmSP3. Both acetylation and ubiquitination occur on the side chain of lysine residues, therefore, we speculated that the acetylation of BmSP3 catalyzed by BmCBP could competitively inhibit its ubiquitination modification and improve its protein stability by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway, and thereby increase the expression and intracellular accumulation. This conclusion provides a new functional basis for the extensive involvement of acetylation in the regulation of nutrient storage and utilization in silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Beam-steering of THz MIMO Antenna using Graphene-based Intelligent Reflective Surface
Authors: Das Priyanka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, beam-steering in THz MIMO antennas has been demonstrated using two different types of graphene-based intelligent reflective surface (IRS). Equivalent circuit models of IRS unit cells have been proposed for demonstrating their reflection characteristics. Two types of microstrip patch-based THz MIMO in side-by-side configuration and orthogonal configuration have been designed. Band-stop FSS has been employed to reduce the mutual coupling of MIMO antennas which are arranged in side-by-side configuration. The MIMO antennas have been integrated with graphene-based IRS for simultaneous steering of four beams radiated by the antenna elements. The reflectivity of the IRS relies on the conductivity of graphene which can be modified by changing its bias voltage. A digital 1-bit coded metasurface has been designed using graphene-based intelligent reflective surface (IRS). By varying the bias voltage on the graphene-based unit cells, the pattern of the digital code is modified on the IRS, which causes beam-steering of MIMO antennas placed above it. Gain improvement of 4 dB takes place when the IRS behaves as an AMC for the MIMO in linear configuration. Maximum gain improvement of 9 dB is obtained for the IRS integrated MIMO in orthogonal configuration. Numerical simulations using finite integration technique have been performed for illustrating the rotation of beam in MIMO antennas.
A New Control Method for the Steadiness of Electric Vehicles with 2-Motor in Rear and Front Wheels
Authors: Mousaei Arash , Peng Huei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, a new control method is proposed for the stability of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) with 2-motor wheels. This control method provides an optimized limit for the torque levels that produced by the front and rear motors, proportional to the road surface condition, to prevent the vehicle from slipping. In addition, a fuzzy logic-based braking system is proposed to improve vehicle performance during deceleration. The vehicle is described by the model with three degrees of freedom, which provide good accuracy. The tires are modeled according to the magic formula. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations were performed in the ©MATLAB. The conclusions show that the proposed control method can well maintain the steadiness of the EV on dry and slippery roads when driving straight, accelerating or decelerating, and turning. This will prevent the vehicle from slipping and locking the wheels.
Current control of EAST Fast Control Power Supply Based on Improved Grey Prediction Variable Gain PI
Authors: Chen Zhao , Huang Haihong , Wang Haixin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The primary performance index of the fast control power supply in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is to quickly track the reference current signal, realize the excitation of the load coil with the output current, and feedback control the vertical displacement of the plasma. The current on the load coil of EAST fast control power supply is affected by various uncertain environmental factors, making it difficult to establish a standard mathematical model for prediction. Accurate object model is not required in grey prediction, and only a small amount of known information is needed to achieve short-term prediction of output current. Grey prediction has been studied and applied in EAST fast control power supply to some extent. To further improve prediction accuracy and accelerate output current response speed, an improved grey prediction algorithm is proposed to achieve output current prediction. Considering the control delay in digital control, the output current of the next period is predicted using the sampled original sequence. Following the principle of new information priority, an original sequence transformation operator is proposed to weight new information. The predicted output current in the next period is added to the original sequence while removing the oldest original sequence, to achieve rolling prediction of the output current in the next two periods. The control value of the output current is loaded one switching period in advance, further improving prediction accuracy while compensating for control delay. The output gain of proportional integral (PI) control is adaptively adjusted based on the error between the predicted current and the reference current, and the improved grey prediction variable gain PI control achieves fast and accurate control of the output current. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method has high prediction accuracy. Compared to traditional PI control and grey prediction control, the proposed control method can effectively improve the output current response speed.
SARS-Cov2 seasonality and adaptation are driven by solar activity.
Authors: Gonzalez-Lugo Octavio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Since its isolation in Wuhan SARS-Cov2 showed a high mutation rate hindering the ability to properly characterize. Also as a consequence of its size, traditional sequence analysis methods were computationally constrained. However, applying variational autoencoders (VAEs) to a custom sequence representation results in a series of clusters sorted by the sunshine duration (SD) rate of change (SDRC). The transition between clusters is characterized by changes in viral genome size, apparent deletions can be found throughout the SARS-Cov2 genome. This series of deletions might behave as an internal clock inside the genome. Using SD-derived features as a time scale results in synchronizing COVID-19 cases into a single period. Both SD-derived features and solar features correlate with COVID-19 cases, except for wavelengths at the SWIR band, pointing towards a solar-dependent seasonality. Further development of analysis techniques will help us to better understand the seasonality and adaptation of pathogenic organisms.
A new predictive model for the time of cardiac arrest in in-ICU palliative care patients: a single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takaki Shunsuke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model for the time of cardiac arrest in the palliative care setting in the intensive care unit.
Design: We retrospectively collected patients’ data in intensive care unit between 2010 and 2016. Vital signs were collected until cardiac arrest occurred and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was continuously recorded when it was less than 80 mmHg. We hypothesized that a breakdown of the autonomic nervous system was associated with the time of cardiac arrest. We aimed develop predictive model for determine a time at 120 minutes before cardiac arrest. We used the shock index (SI) defined as heart rate divided by SBP as the ratio variable to identify an end-of-life phase.
Results: A total of 4,330 patients were admitted to the ICU and 19 patients out of them were included to this study. We developed a prediction model by using SI and SBP: predicted SI = 0.995 + (6.931 – 0.995) e -0.035 x SBP with AUC 0.650 (0.512 to 0.788). The disparity between the actual and predicted heart rate was -10 bpm (49.9%, sensitivity; 75.8%, specificity; and likelihood ratio, 2.06). In the validation set, sensitivity was 52.7%, specificity was 79.8%, positive predictive value was 35.7%, negative predictive value was 88.8%, and likelihood ratio was 2.61.
Conclusion: Our new prediction model estimates the time to death 120 minutes before cardiac arrest occurs based on the information of fluctuation of shock index.
Knowledge and Perceptions of FDA Tobacco Regulation among U.S. Adults in 2015
Authors: Yingst Jessica , Veldheer Susan , Foulds Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is interested in understanding the factors which influence knowledge and perceptions of the FDA as a credible source for information related to tobacco products. This study examined knowledge and beliefs about FDA regulation of tobacco products among U.S. adults in 2015.Methods: Data was obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) Wave 5 collected from May to September 2015. Respondents (US adults) reported demographic characteristics, ever tobacco product use, knowledge of FDA tobacco product regulation, and their perception of the FDA’s qualification to regulate tobacco. T-tests and chi-square analysis was conducted to determine differences between respondents who believe the FDA was qualified to regulate tobacco products and those who do not. Logistic regression was run to determine factors associated with believing the FDA is qualified to regulate tobacco.Results: 47.5% of US adults reported knowing that the FDA regulates tobacco products and 65.7% believed that the FDA was qualified to regulate them. Significant predictors of believing the FDA is qualified to regulate tobacco products included having a college degree, never trying an e-cig, and knowing that the FDA regulates tobacco products in the US. Conclusions: Five years after FDA was given regulatory authority for tobacco products, less than half of U.S. adults know that FDA regulates tobacco, and two thirds believe FDA is well qualified to do so. Those with less education and those willing to try new products like e-cigs were the least likely to believe that the FDA was qualified to regulate tobacco.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v06n01p015 (DOI assigned 1/24/2019)
Allergy Risk Assessment for Newly Expressed Proteins (NEPs) in Genetically Modified (GM) Plants
Authors: McClain Scott , Herman Rod A. , Islamovic Emir , Ranjan Rakesh , Silvanovich Andre , Song Ping , Goodwin Laurie 
Published: April 2023

Based on experience and scientific advancements over the past two decades, a revised approach for the assessment of the allergenic potential of newly expressed proteins (NEPs) in genetically modified (GM) plants is warranted. NEPs are most often not native to the crop genome, and thus regulatory reviews of the safety of GM plants include an assessment of the allergenic potential of NEPs. International standards for the assessment of allergenicity first developed in the mid-1990s required a series of characterization studies to be conducted that are, to some extent, still applicable today to the risk assessment of GM plants, with most modern versions represented in the Codex Alimentarius. This standardized guidance on allergenicity assessments, including the required characterization studies, presented two primary challenges. First, there was (and still is) no defined and accepted model (animal or in vitro) for directly testing allergy potential. Second, bioinformatic analyses were prescribed using thresholds for hazard identification that were neither universal for all allergens nor tested prior to the implementation of requirements into guidance documents. Herein, risk assessment principles are applied to structure the assessment of the allergenic potential of NEPs. This allergy risk assessment is built on a foundation of: 1) identifying hazard by assessing similarity to known allergens, and 2) assessing exposure when a hazard is identified. Supplementary studies such as IgE binding may need to be performed in special cases. These recommended revisions to current approaches to the assessment of allergy potential are designed to ensure a realistic, case-by-case approach, and consider updated molecular biology, genomics, and bioinformatic techniques that were unavailable when earlier allergy risk assessment approaches were established.
doi: 10.21423/jrs-v09i1mcclain
Toxicological Assessment of Newly Expressed Proteins (NEPs) in Genetically Modified (GM) Plants
Authors: Roper Jason , Lipscomb Elizabeth A. , Petrick Jay S. , Ranjan Rakesh , Sauve-Ciencewicki Alaina , Goodwin Laurie 
Published: April 2023

This paper details the weight of evidence (WOE) and stepwise approaches used to assess the food and feed safety of newly expressed proteins (NEPs) in genetically modified (GM) plants, based on previously reported principles. The WOE approach is critical, as in a vast majority of cases no single assay or biochemical characteristic can identify a protein as a hazard. A stepwise approach is recommended to evaluate the safety of NEPs taking the totality of information into account. Potential triggers for the need for supplementary toxicology studies are discussed, and an alternative in vitro method for the acute toxicology study is proposed.
doi: 10.21423/jrs-v09i1roper
Standardization and the Role of Regulatory Science
Authors: Herrman Tim 
Published: April 2023

Advancing the science of creating tools, standards and approaches to assess the safety, efficacy, quality and performance of FDA-regulated products, a working definition for Regulatory Science by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), aligns closely with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). Intertwined within this definition and implicit within FSMA is a focus on standardization for industry and regulatory agencies alike. As food establishments seek to conform to regulatory requirements within this Act, a parallel activity is underway within the regulatory community involving standardization.
Detection and Isolation of Salmonella spp. in Animal Feeds from 2007-2011
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Cheng , Lee Kyung-Min , Poole Toni , Runyon Mick , Jones Ben , Herrman Timothy J 
Published: April 2023

Salmonella species (spp.) are zoonotic pathogens that contaminate animal ingredients and finished feed and represent a significant hazard as identified by the Codex Animal Feed Taskforce. The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) promulgated regulations prohibiting Salmonella contamination in feed and has since published a draft guidance document expressing their current strategy involving regulatory oversight of Salmonella contamination in feed. The Office of the Texas State Chemist (OTSC) initiated the broad surveillance of Salmonella spp. in 2007 in response of a Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium outbreak in frozen rodents, which are subject to the agency’s regulatory oversight as defined by the Texas Commercial Feed Control Act. From calendar years of 2007-2011, 2622 total feed samples were collected and subsequently evaluated for Salmonella contamination using multiple first-line methods, the accuracy of which was assessed with DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated immunoanalysis. Three hundred and five out of 2622 tested samples with 78 different serotypes were identified as Salmonella-contaminated products. Results also indicated a steady increase in Salmonella incidence, along with a corresponding increase in Salmonella isolate and serotype diversity since 2007. This prevalence of Salmonella-contaminated feed stocks presents a potential risk to public health.
Isolation and Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Associated with Tattoo-related Outbreaks
Authors: Chou Kyson , Van Khanh , Chen Kai-Shun , Torres Selene , Williams-Hill Donna , Martin William B. 
Published: April 2023

Recently, there have been several tattoo-related outbreaks of nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infections in the United States. In an eort to halt the outbreaks and to prevent similar events from occurring, FDA conducted an investigation to determine the source of the contamination. During the investigation, environmental and water samples were collected from tattoo parlors and manufacturers of tattoo ink. These samples were subjected to isolation of mycobacteria at Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health and at FDA PRLSW followed by species identification of the isolates at PRLSW. In order to conduct the investigational studies in a time-sensitive manner, a two-step screening and classification procedure was devised. In this scheme, suspect mycobacterial colonies were screened using multiplex real- time PCR coupled with melting curve analyses specific for the genus Mycobacterium and for dierentiating the species within the M. chelonae-M. abscessus group. Mycobacterial isolates were subsequently identified via sequencing analysis within the coding regions of both 16s rRNA and RNA polymerase subunit beta. In total, 45 colonies of Mycobacterium were isolated and identified as M. chelonae, M. immunogenum, and M. mucogenicum. The isolates from each set of samples contained the corresponding species of Mycobacterium recovered from outbreak patients. Our results suggested that both unsanitary manufacturing processes during production of tattoo ink and the use of non-sterile water for dilution of tattoo ink were possible causes for outbreaks of skin infection in clients of the aected parlors. In addition, the two-step approach taken for screening and identifying mycobacterial colonies in the current study facilitated rapid investigation of tattoo-related outbreaks of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, thereby enhancing FDAs ability to better protect public health.
Impacts of illegal solid waste dumping on the water quality of the Mthatha River
Authors: Bangani Lazola , Kabiti Hlekani Muchazotida , Amoo Oseni , Nakin Motebang D.V. , Magayiyana Zendy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The world faces problems such as improper waste disposal that have spread to include disposal near water bodies. It is getting difficult to find fresh water everywhere. Given that surface sources provide around one-third of the world's drinking water needs, their contamination exacerbates the issue. This paper aims at evaluating the impacts of solid waste on water quality along the Mthatha River. During the rainy and dry seasons of 2021, Hanna probe instruments were used to assess the physicochemical quality of water before and after identified illegal dump sites. To compare the measured mean values of water quality parameters data were analysed using ANOVA in SPSS version 22. In terms of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, conductivity, and Escherichia coli, the water quality in the sampling points after the illegal dump sites revealed deterioration, which was more severe in the rainy season and moderate in the dry season. The study's findings suggest that illegal dump sites along water bodies negatively impact the water quality. Diverse research on water pollution shows that declining water quality endangers aquatic species and is unsafe for human consumption. This paper recommends strengthening of laws against improper waste handling, and frequent waste collection to prevent contamination of water bodies.