bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critiquing Neocolonial Digital Barriers’ Impact on eLibraries and African Scholarship
Authors: Heyward‐Rotimi Kamela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article offers an overview of the Knowledge Exchange Research Group (KERG) West African Elibrary Collaborative (WAELC) study of West African scholars' systemic restricted access to digitized scholarly databases. WAELC, an ongoing qualitative and quantitative study, explores limited accessibility to current open‐access digital repositories and platforms at some African universities. A practical output of the study is to inform the development of a sustainable institutional repository and support the development of an open‐access multimodal digital platform that will feature scholarly and creative works of global Black people. The WAELC data addresses gaps in previous research on library access and usage at African universities and critically responds to the general African Digital Divide literature. A central focus of this article is to discuss the sociocultural and historical practices and processes that shape current digital access to electronic scholarship in Africa. Foregrounded in a Black feminist autoethnographic approach, the author's research process and researcher positionality were central to developing the WAELC research project. A significant finding of this research is that the systemic inequities framing global knowledge access and production in Global South institutions are reproduced in infrastructures weakened from colonial, neocolonial, and neoliberal social, political, and economic systems.
The barrier to radial oxygen loss protects roots against hydrogen sulphide intrusion and its toxic effect
Authors: Peralta Ogorek Lucas León , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakazono Mikio , Pedersen Ole 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a key root trait preventing O2 loss from roots to anoxic soils, thereby enabling root growth into anoxic, flooded soils.
We hypothesized that the ROL barrier can also prevent intrusion of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a potent phytotoxin in flooded soils. Using H2S‐ and O2‐sensitive microsensors, we measured the apparent permeance to H2S of rice roots, tested whether restricted H2S intrusion reduced its adverse effects on root respiration, and whether H2S could induce the formation of a ROL barrier.
The ROL barrier reduced apparent permeance to H2S by almost 99%, greatly restricting H2S intrusion. The ROL barrier acted as a shield towards H2S; O2 consumption in roots with a ROL barrier remained unaffected at high H2S concentration (500 μM), compared to a 67% decline in roots without a barrier. Importantly, low H2S concentrations induced the formation of a ROL barrier.
In conclusion, the ROL barrier plays a key role in protecting against H2S intrusion, and H2S can act as an environmental signalling molecule for the induction of the barrier. This study demonstrates the multiple functions of the suberized/lignified outer part of the rice root beyond that of restricting ROL.
The effect of post‐COVID‐19 on gustatory and olfactory function: A preliminary case‐controlled study
Authors: Livni Dror , Grinstein‐Koren Osnat , Zlotogorski‐Hurvitz Ayelet , Reiter Shoshana , Winocour‐Arias Orit , Edel Jeremy , Goldman Yuli , Vered Marilena , Choshen Guy , Rahamim‐Cohen Daniella , Shapiro‐Ben David Shirley , Kaplan Ilana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to analyze objective and subjective olfactory/gustatory function in post‐COVID‐19 infection (PCI).Materials and MethodsPatients with past PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection and persistent olfactory/gustatory complaints were investigated. Olfactory threshold and identification, gustatory detection, identification, and magnitude scaling were tested.ResultsA total of 42 PCI subjects were compared to 41 age‐ and gender‐matched controls with no COVID‐19 history. All PCI tested had mild COVID‐19 disease. Mean interval between COVID‐19 confirmations to testing was 7.4 ± 3.1 months. PCI subjects complained of combined dysfunction in 85.7%, isolated olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in 7.1% each. Combined complaints were significantly higher in PCI (p < 0.001). Objective testing showed significantly higher prevalence of dysfunction in PCI versus controls for hyposmia (73.8%, 12.2%), anosmia (11.9%, 0%), odor identification (68.5%, 83.0%), hypogeusia (23% and 2.4%, respectively), and impaired magnitude scaling, (p < 0.05). All PCI subjects with hypogeusia had abnormal gustatory magnitude scaling.ConclusionsWhile most PCI subjects complained of combined gustatory and olfactory dysfunction, objective testing showed in the majority an isolated single sense dysfunction, with a low level of agreement between subjective and objective findings.Abnormal objective results for all olfactory and gustatory functions tested may suggest a central rather than peripheral mechanism, although concomitant mechanisms cannot be excluded.
Contralateral effect in progression and recovery of lens‐induced myopia in mice
Authors: Ma Ziyan , Jeong Heonuk , Yang Yajing , Jiang Xiaoyan , Ikeda Shin‐ichi , Negishi Kazuno , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeApart from genetic factors, recent animal studies on myopia have focused on localised mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to examine the contralateral effects of monocular experimental myopia and recovery, which cannot be explained by a mere local mechanism.MethodsOne eye of 3‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice was fitted with a −30 dioptre (D) lens. The mice were distributed into two groups based on different conditions in the contralateral eye: either no lens (NLC) (n = 10) or a Plano lens on the contralateral eye (PLC) group (n = 6). Mice receiving no treatment on either eye were set as a control group (n = 6). Lenses were removed after 3 weeks of myopia induction. All mice were allowed to recover for 1 week in the same environment. Refractive status, axial length (AL) and choroidal thickness were measured before myopia induction, after 1 and 3 weeks of lens wear and after 1 week of recovery.ResultsOne week after removing the lenses, complete recovery was observed in the eyes that wore the −30 D lenses. In both the PLC and NLC groups, the refractive status showed a myopic shift after lens removal. Additionally, the choroid was significantly thinned in these eyes. The −30 D wearing eye showed a significant increase in AL after 3 weeks of lens wear. While the AL of the −30 D wearing eye ceased to grow after the lens was removed, the AL in the PLC and NLC contralateral eyes increased, and the binocular ALs gradually converged.ConclusionsRecovery of lens‐induced myopia was observed in mouse models. In the fellow eyes, the effects, including thinning of the choroid and changes in refractive status, were triggered by contralateral visual cues.
Integrative multi‐omics analysis of three early diverged rosid species reveals an ancient hierarchical cold‐responsive regulatory network
Authors: Guo Liangyu , Xu Zhiming , Wang Shuo , Nie Yuqi , Ye Xiaoxue , Jin Xuejiao , Zhu Jianhua , Wu Wenwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElucidating regulators, including transcription factors (TFs) and RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), underlying gene transcriptional and post‐transcriptional co‐regulatory network is key to understand plant cold responses. Previous studies were mainly conducted on single species, and whether the regulators are conserved across different species remains elusive. Here, we selected three species that diverged at the early evolution of rosids (~99–113 million years ago), performed cold‐responsive phylotranscriptome experiments, and integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation‐ and DNA affinity purification‐sequencing (ChIP/DAP‐seq) analysis to explore cold‐responsive regulators and their regulatory networks. First, we detected over 10,000 cold‐induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternative splicing genes (DASGs) in each species. Among the DEGs, a set of TFs and RBPs were conserved in rosid cold response. Compared to TFs, RBPs displayed a delayed cold‐responsive pattern, implying a hierarchical regulation of DEGs and DASGs. By integrating DEGs and DASGs, we identified 259 overlapping DE‐DASG orthogroups (closely‐related homologs) that were cold‐regulated at both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels in all three studied species. Notably, pathway analysis on each of the DEGs, DASGs, and DE‐DASGs in the three species showed a common enrichment connected to the circadian rhythm. Evidently, 226 cold‐responsive genes were directly targeted by at least two circadian rhythm components (CCA1, LHY, RV4, RVE7, and RVE8). Finally, we revealed an ancient hierarchy of cold‐responsive regulatory networks at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels launched by circadian components in rosids. Altogether, this study sheds light on conserved regulators underlying cold‐responsive regulatory networks across rosid species, despite a long evolutionary history after their divergence.
Contemporary Concise Review 2022: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Calverley Peter M. A. , Walker Paul P. 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS
International respiratory organizations now recommend using lower limit of normal and standardized residuals to diagnose airflow obstruction and COPD though using a fixed ratio <0.7 is simpler and robustly predicts important clinical outcomes.
The most common COPD comorbidities are coronary artery calcification, emphysema and bronchiectasis. COPD patients with psychological (high anxiety and depression) and cachectic (underweight and osteoporotic) comorbidity have higher mortality and exacerbate more.
Serum eosinophil count remains an important COPD biomarker and we have greater clarity about normal eosinophil levels in COPD and the wider population.
Criteria for entry into COPD clinical trials continue to exclude many patients, in particular those at greater risk of exacerbation and death.
The effect of hyperinflation on cardiac function impacts COPD mortality and is an important target for successful lung volume reduction procedures.
Insights into the complementarity of natural disaster insurance purchases and risk reduction behavior
Authors: Rufat Samuel , Robinson Peter J. , Botzen Wouter J. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile flooding is the costliest natural disaster risk, public‐sector investments provide incomplete protection. Moreover, individuals are in general reluctant to voluntarily invest in measures which limit damage costs from natural disasters. The moral hazard hypothesis argues that insured individuals take fewer other preparedness measures based on their assumption that their losses will be covered anyway. Conversely, the advantageous selection hypothesis argues that individuals view insurance and other risk reduction measures as complements. This study offers a comprehensive assessment of factors related to the separate uptake of natural disaster insurance and the flood‐proofing of homes as well as why people may take both of these measures together. We use data from a survey conducted in Paris, France, in 2018, after several flood events, for a representative sample of 2976 residents facing different levels of flood risk. We perform both main effects regressions and interaction analyses to reveal that home adaptation to flooding is positively associated with comprehensive insurance coverage, which includes financial protection against natural disasters. Furthermore, actual and perceived risks, as well as awareness of official information on flood risk, are found to explain some of the relationship between home adaptation and comprehensive insurance purchase. We suggest several recommendations to policymakers based on these insights which aim to address insurance coverage gaps and the failure to take disaster risk reduction measures. In particular, groups in socially vulnerable situations may benefit from subsidized insurance, low interest loans, and decision aids to implement costly adaptation measures.
Gender equality in Swedish AI policies. What's the problem represented to be?
Authors: Rönnblom Malin , Carlsson Vanja , Öjehag‐Pettersson Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, Sweden has established itself as a “world leader” in gender equality. Alongside this development, Swedish politicians have also initiated ambitious plans that aim to establish the country as “world class” in terms of digitalization. International research shows that women and racialized groups are in a minority in the design processes, that AI facial recognition systems are built with white male faces as the norm, and that digital tools replicate racial injustices. In this paper, we are interested in if, and if so how, gender equality is articulated and thus filled with meaning in national policies on AI and digitalization. The overall aim is to discuss the potential of gender (equality) mainstreaming to challenge systems of privilege in the implementation of AI systems in the public sector. The paper analyses how gender equality is filled with meaning in national policy documents on AI and gender equality. The main findings show that gender equality is turned into a question of lack of knowledge and information, which in turn blocks out an understanding of gender equality as something that is related to gendered power relations.
Students' approaches to exploring relationships between categorical variables
Authors: Higgins Traci , Mokros Jan , Rubin Andee , Sagrans Jacob 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the context of an afterschool program in which students explore relatively large authentic datasets, we investigated how 11‐ to 14‐year old students worked with categorical variables. During the program, students learned to use the Common Online Data Analysis Platform (CODAP), a statistical analysis platform specifically designed for middle and high school students, to create and interpret graphs. Following the program, we conducted individual clinical interviews, during which students used CODAP to answer questions about relationships between variables. Here, we describe how students engaged in exploratory data analysis that involved looking at relationships between two categorical variables. Students worked from data in table form and created “contingency graphs,” a variant of contingency tables, which they used to analyze and draw insights from the data. Our research identified four strategies that students used to examine the data in order to explore patterns, make comparisons, and answer questions with the data.
Methods for matching English language addresses
Authors: Ramani Keshav , Borrajo Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAddresses occupy a niche location within the landscape of textual data, due to the positional importance carried by every word, and the geographic scope it refers to. The task of matching addresses happens every day and is present in various fields such as mail redirection, entity resolution, etc. Our work defines, and formalizes a framework to generate matching and mismatching pairs of addresses in the English language, and use it to evaluate various methods to automatically perform address matching. These methods vary widely from distance‐based approaches to deep learning models. By studying the Precision, Recall, and Accuracy metrics of these approaches, we obtain an understanding of the best suited method for this setting of the address matching task.
Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Melenotte Cléa , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Slavin Monica , Aguado José María , Armstrong‐James Darius , Chen Yee‐Chun , Husain Shahid , Van Delden Christian , Saliba Faouzi , Lefort Agnès , Botterel Francoise , Lortholary Olivier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation is increasing worldwide with underlying pathologies dominated by metabolic and alcoholic diseases in developed countries.MethodsWe provide a narrative review of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in liver transplant (LT) recipients. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for references without language and time restrictions.ResultsThe incidence of IA in LT recipients is low (1.8%), while mortality is high (∼50%). It occurs mainly early (<3 months) after LT. Some risk factors have been identified before (corticosteroid, renal, and liver failure), during (massive transfusion and duration of surgical procedure), and after transplantation (intensive care unit stay, re‐transplantation, re‐operation). Diagnosis can be difficult and therefore requires full radiological and clinicobiological collaboration. Accurate identification of Aspergillus species is recommended due to the cryptic species, and susceptibility testing is crucial given the increasing resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to azoles. It is recommended to reduce the dose of tacrolimus (50%) and to closely monitor the trough level when introducing voriconazole, isavuconazole, and posaconazole. Surgery should be discussed on a case‐by‐case basis. Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended in high‐risk patients. Environmental preventative measures should be implemented to prevent outbreaks of nosocomial aspergillosis in LT recipient units.ConclusionIA remains a very serious disease in LT patients and should be promptly sought and, if possible, prevented by clinicians when risk factors are identified.
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Experimental and Computational Study of Error and Uncertainty in Real-Time Camera-Based Tracking of a Two-Dimensional Marker for Orthopedic Surgical Navigation
Authors: He Guangyu , Fakhari Amin , Khan Fazel , Kao Imin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tracking of the position and orientation of a moving object by a camera can be accomplished by attaching a 2D marker with a specific pattern on the object. Recently, we have developed a projection-based surgical navigation system that can accurately guide in real-time the pre-operative plan of resection in orthopedic surgery, such as joint replacement or wide-resection of osteosarcoma (bone tumor). To this end, it is important to study the accuracy of registration and tracking due to various sources of errors, such as the printing resolution and quality of the 2D marker. In this study, we investigate and provide analysis of error and uncertainty for real-time tracking using a 2D marker with a camera. Experiments and computational simulations were conducted to quantify the estimation of errors in position and orientation due to the printing error of 2D markers using a 600-dpi laser printer. In addition, a theory of uncertainty propagation in a form of congruence transformation was derived for such systems and is illustrated with experimental results.
Performance Analysis and Optimal Design of a Novel Schöenflies-Motion Asymmetric Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Wei , Xu Zhu , Ma Zhiyuan , Shen Huiping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since previous studies of parallel mechanisms (PMs) have tended to favor symmetrical overall configuration to obtain relatively stable kinematic and dynamic performance and to satisfy isotropic requirements. The analysis of kinematic and dynamic performance of asymmetric mechanisms has been an issue of interest. In this paper, an asymmetric SCARA-type PM with four-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) is proposed. First, the orientation characteristic set is calculated to obtain the DOF of the PM. Then, the inverse kinematics and the velocity and acceleration of each branch chain of the mechanism are analyzed. The dynamic model of the mechanism is established according to the principle of virtual work. The workspace of the mechanism is drawn according to the constraints that have been given to the mechanism's kinematic pairs. The singularity, dexterity, motion/force transfer performance, and maximum acceleration performance of the mechanism are also analyzed. On this basis, the kinematic and dynamic performance evaluation indexes of the mechanism are studied. Finally, the workspace and acceleration performance of the mechanism are optimized based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm to obtain the structural parameters when the mechanism achieves optimal performance. The asymmetric PM proposed in this paper, as well as the algorithm of performance index and optimization method used, can provide some reference value for configuration design and optimization analysis.
Evolutionary history of the groundwater system in the Pearl River Delta (China) during the Holocene
Authors: Yu Shengchao , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Luo Xin , Li Hailong , Wang Xuejing , Zhang Xiaolang , Yao Meng , Zuo Jinchao , Liang Wenzhao , Lu Meiqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Coastal groundwater reservoirs are sensitive to the complicated evolution of marine transgressions and regressions in river delta regions. We integrated hydrogeological investigation and hydrogeochemical data with numerical modeling to assess the evolution of the groundwater system in the Pearl River Delta’s aquifer system (in southeastern China). We studied the effects of flow dynamics and redox conditions on the biogeochemical processes of nutrients in the regional groundwater flow systems in response to the transient states related to variable paleoprecipitation and seawater salinity decline from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene. The results from paleo-hydrogeological reconstruction of the aquifer-aquitard system showed that the saline groundwater formed by paleo-seawater intrusion was still present in the old marine aquitard and affected groundwater salinity and chemicals in the adjacent aquifers, while most of the groundwater in the shallow young marine aquitard has been freshened by infiltrated old/fresh rainwater. Consequently, total ammonium and carbon stored in the Pearl River Delta were estimated to be (1.91 ± 1.13) × 107 mol m–1 and (5.74 ± 4.05) × 107 mol m–1, respectively, and the ammonium and bicarbonate fluxes derived from groundwater discharge to the sea were calculated as (90.6 ± 55.9) mol m–1 yr–1 and (301.02 ± 196.23) mol m–1 yr–1, respectively. If the buried ammonium in the delta is released to the sea, it would be equivalent to nearly 205 ± 123 yr of Pearl River fluvial loading. These findings suggest that the chemicals trapped in the deltaic aquifer system during the Holocene could contribute to future ocean eutrophication and acidification.