bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOES KNOWLEDGE MATTER? AN INVESTIGATION INTO KNOWLEDGE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND CAREGIVER BURDEN
Authors: Grelle Kaitlin , Hardin-Sigler Kristen , Deason Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A caregiver for someone with Alzheimer’s disease often experiences burden, which can negatively impact their own physical and mental health, social participation and network, and financial stability (Chaio et al.; 2015, George & Gwyther, 1986). There is much interest in determining how to mitigate burden and studies suggest knowledge of the disease and recognizing positive aspects of caregiving may help reduce burden (Abdollahpour et al., 2018; Graham et al., 1997). The purpose of this study was to better understand how certain caregiver characteristics may impact burden. Participants (N=112) completed questionnaires regarding burden, disease knowledge, specific characteristics, and their caregiver experience. Pearson’s correlations were conducted to examine the relationship between knowledge, burden, and caregiver characteristics. There was no significant correlation between burden and knowledge (p =.457), but burden was significantly correlated with positive aspects of caregiving (p &lt;.001) and life satisfaction (p &lt;.001). To better understand how well these two variables predicted burden, a multiple regression was conducted, R² = .352, F(2, 90) = 24.48, p &lt; .001. Our findings provide further evidence that a focus on the positive aspects of caregiving and higher levels of life satisfaction are predictors of reduced caregiver burden. Some prior studies suggested knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease led to decreased burden, whereas other studies found more knowledge increased anxiety, thus increased burden (Zawadzki et al., 2011). Our failure to find a correlation between knowledge and burden levels suggests this relationship may not be straightforward and future research needs to explore more specific aspects of this question.
OLDER ADULTS’ ONLINE INFORMATION SEEKING FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Picchiello Matthew , Rule Payton , Carpenter Brian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many older adults use the internet to gather health information. Yet past research shows that older adults display less understanding of internet concepts and score lower on information-retrieving tasks than younger adults, making them more vulnerable to internet misinformation. To address this, a variety of guidelines (e.g., HONCode) have been developed to help consumers identify credible sources. This is especially relevant for Alzheimer disease (AD), as research has shown that online AD information is mixed in its quality. The purpose of this study was to examine how older adults gather online AD information and evaluate their ability to find credible sources to improve knowledge. We recruited 83 older adults (Mage = 70.0, 60.2% female; 85.5% White) who completed the Alzheimer Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS; Carpenter et al., 2009) before and after engaging in six AD-related search tasks (e.g., identify age of onset, risk factors, treatment, etc.). Older adults utilized a variety of search strategies, visiting both reputable (i.e., not-for-profit or university-based) and less scrutinized (i.e., commercially sponsored) websites, and a vast majority (95.0%) were unaware of HONCode guidelines for evaluating website quality. While most participants could locate some AD-related information (97.6% identified risk factors), other information was more elusive (29.3% could not identify age of onset). Despite this, participants showed improved ADKS scores, t(74) = 5.55, p &lt; 0.001. Our research shows that many older adults can gather some accurate online information about AD but may benefit from additional resources on using effective search strategies and identifying credible sources.
AGE AND COGNITIVE ABILITY AS PREDICTORS OF EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGY USE
Authors: Growney Claire , English Tammy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is viewed as a cognitively demanding process and involves selecting and implementing specific strategies in support of one’s emotional goals. Older adults are theorized to maintain emotional wellbeing by selecting ER strategies that are consistent with their available resources, which may involve engaging more with lower-arousal stimuli and less with higher-arousal stimuli, especially when cognitive resources are limited. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between age, cognitive ability, and use of different types of ER strategies. Participants (N = 287) aged 25-85 (M = 54.33, SD = 17.19) completed assessments of cognitive ability from the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. In a laboratory task, participants viewed a series of film clips eliciting low-arousal emotions (sadness, contentment) and high-arousal emotions (disgust, amusement) under instructions to regulate pro-hedonically using any available strategy. They reported their use of disengagement (e.g., distraction, suppression), engagement (e.g., perspective-taking, awareness), and positive-focus strategies (e.g., savoring, positive reappraisal). Results from multilevel models revealed that with low-arousal stimuli, age was associated with higher engagement and lower disengagement, regardless of fluid cognitive ability. With high-arousal stimuli, a fluid cognition X age interaction indicated that there was an age-related increase in engagement among individuals with higher fluid cognitive ability, but not lower fluid cognitive ability. Findings support the idea that older adults tend to engage with emotional stimuli, which may aid with processing and support emotional memory for future regulation attempts. Fluid cognitive ability may be an important resource supporting older adults’ engagement with high-arousal stimuli.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF CORNELL SCALE FOR DEPRESSION IN DEMENTIA AMONG ASSISTED LIVING RESIDENTS
Authors: McPherson Rachel , Resnick Barbara 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) was developed to measure depressive symptoms among older adults with dementia. The psychometric qualities of the CSDD have been inconsistent regarding the factor structure, with some studies showing a four-factor model and others a five-factor model. The purpose of this study was to test the factor structure of the CSDD as a measure of depression among a sample of assisted living residents. It was hypothesized that a four-factor version of the CSDD would provide a better fit than a five-factor version of the CSDD. The present study used baseline data from the Function-Focused Care for Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle (FFC-AL-EIT) intervention study. A total of 511 residents from 85 assisted living facilities were included in the analyses. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure and a chi-square difference test was conducted to compare model fit. Three items were removed from both models due to small factor loadings. The chi-square difference test indicated that the five-factor model fit the data significantly better (χ2 = 796.08, ∆χ2= 22.86, ∆df = 4, p &lt; .001) than the four-factor model, although both the five-factor and four-factor models produced very poor model fits. These findings may be due to the fact that the CSDD relies on information from caregivers, and the measure might benefit from including observational signs of depression. Future work should examine other factors or items that belong in a depression measure among assisted living residents.
UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS AND FUTURE OF OLDER BLACK AND HISPANIC WORKERS IMPACTED BY COVID-19
Authors: Jason Kendra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 infection and associated deaths are unequally distributed, as 78.5% of decedents are adults over 65 years of age; and Hispanics accounted for 24.2% of deaths. Black people account for 30% of infections and 18.7% of deaths, although they represent only 12.5% of the population. Older Black and Hispanic adults are in “Double Jeopardy” with their experiences shaped by racism and ageism, thus, putting them at higher risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and poor health outcomes. Centering the intersections of race, age, and socioeconomic status and utilizing a scoping review (N=55), this study identifies the four primary risks faced by Black and Hispanic adults that help explain disparate COVID-19 work outcomes: (1) being an essential worker, (2) type of work performed, (3) workplace risks; and (4) community and geographic risk factors. This study also (1) explores the impacts of COVID-19 influence work participation, and (2) identifies processes linking ageism, racism, health, and employment situations in shaping the health and work-ability of older working adults. This research centers populations in which COVID-19 has had the most devastating financial impact: Black and Hispanic workers, Black women, and low-wage workers. This study increases our understanding of older Black and Hispanic adults lived experiences of managing COVID-19 – information that is critical for planning intervention and support services to ameliorate impact of the disease on Older Black and Hispanic adults; and informs policy and practice for economic recovery from the pandemic for other marginalized populations.
EXPLORING AGE AND RACE DIFFERENCES IN THE REPORT OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AMONG WOMEN AGING IN CUSTODY
Authors: Bishop Alex , Stolfa Claire 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Survey data for this study was collected from N = 544 women, aged 18 and older (M = 39.03; SD = 10.32), under correctional custody in Oklahoma. Participants reported an average of M = 4.94; SD = 2.94 childhood adversities. Chi-square analyses revealed that age was associated with the proportion of women who experienced parental divorce (χ(2, N = 525) = 8.03, p &lt; .05., lived with a substance abuser (χ(1, N = 528) = 7.14, p &lt; .05), lived with a mentally ill household member (χ(2, N = 524) = 15.04, p &lt; .05) and lived with household member who went to prison (χ = (2, N = 528) = 18.99, p &lt; .001). Race was also associated with the proportion of participants who reported experiencing a household member go to prison (χ(1, N = 538, = 15.92, p &lt; .001). Furthermore, race was associated with the proportion of women who reported not feeling loved by family (χ(1, N = 525), = 4.87, p &lt; .05), being physical hurt or injured by a parent (χ(2, 525) = 8.01 p &lt; .05), and being verbally insulted or humiliated (χ = 7.38 (1, N = 537, p &lt; .01). Results suggest that age and race are associated with the self-disclosure of past childhood adversities among women in custody. This has implications relative to how clinicians such as social workers, counselors, and psychiatrists provide rehabilitative services and programs to women-of-color aging under correctional control.
SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER ADULTS: WE’RE ASKING THE WRONG QUESTIONS
Authors: Steckenrider Janie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sexual activity of older adults is an under researched area as most surveys on sexual behavior end at age 60 reflecting the myth that older adults are not sexually active. Only recently has survey data asked specifically about sexual activity of those ages 60 to 95. Their consensus is over half of males and a third of females over 70 are sexually active. Most striking is the current body of research almost exclusively defines sexual activity measured as partnered sexual behaviors of intercourse, fondling, kissing, touching. Given the reality for many older adults lacking an active sex partner due to death, sexual dysfunction, or serious illness, the aim of this study was to determine if the right survey questions are being asked for older adults. Seven major surveys, underlying most current research, were analyzed regarding solitary sex (masturbation) compared to partnered sex. Results of this study found extensive questioning about aspects of partnered sex including pleasure, satisfaction, pain, relationship status, sexual functioning, anxiety, individual sexual acts, etc. compared to only two questions about masturbation, both only about frequency. The psychological and physiological benefits of sexual activity, both partnered and solo sex, are well documented and correlate with higher life satisfaction for older adults. Sexual activity needs to be redefined to also include solitary sex and this begins by asking the right questions. This study has implications for the need to bring a broader perspective in promoting a healthy sex life among older adults, defined both as partnered and solitary sex.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VIOLENT CRIME INCIDENT PROXIMITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS
Authors: Tan Genesis , Gimenez-Santana Alejandro , Osiecka Zuzanna , Esiaka Darlingtina , Fausto Bernadette , Gluck Mark 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research on Area Deprivation Index (ADI) suggests that the built environment and neighborhood stressors (e.g., violent crime incidents) play a role in later-life cognitive function. However, most of the research linking ADI and cognitive function was conducted on majority White American samples. Further, while ADI is useful in facilitating efficient integration of social determinants of health (SDOH) into models of cognitive aging, it does not account for the impact of micro-level measures of neighborhood stressors on cognitive function. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine whether violent crime incident proximity (VCIP) contributes to later-life cognitive function above and beyond ADI in older African Americans. Participants (N=147; M= 68.34) from an ongoing study, Pathways to Healthy Aging in African Americans—a Rutgers University-Newark community partnership fostered over 16 years of community engagement, health education, and public service—responded to measures of cognitive ability, SDOH, and demographic details. The results show that VCIP is a trending predictor of cognitive performance, when adjusting for age, gender, education, depression, and ADI. The result aligns with our hypothesis that individuals living in areas with greater VCIP will have poorer performance on cognitive tasks. Our findings suggest that for African Americans in an urban setting, hyper-local VCIP appears to be more useful at capturing the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease risk. Therefore, for later-life cognitive health in African Americans, it is important to consider micro-level measures of neighborhood stressors such as VCIP.
COGNITIVE AGING IN THE SHADOW OF THE CLOSET: THE EFFECTS OF IDENTITY CONCEALMENT AND DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Hanes Douglas , Clousten Sean 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people tend to experience poorer cognitive health as they age; discrimination and identity concealment are common LGB experiences that carry emotional, health, and cognitive tolls. Previous research utilized data on research participants in same-sex relationships (SSR) to successfully identify a subset of LGB people and analyze their aging experiences. The present study relied on one situation in which identity concealment was legally mandated: military service. Until 2011, LGB people were banned from participating in military service in the U.S., leading to either concealment or institutionalized discrimination (i.e., discharge) for most LGB servicepeople. Using Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1998–2016) data, this project analyzed the combined effects of veteran status and SSR on cognitive performance. Using multilevel longitudinal modelling, we found that while non-SSR veterans had higher mean scores than non-SSR civilian participants (the reference group), SSR civilians and veterans both had mean scores lower than the reference (SSR: β=-0.514, p=0.031; SSR+veteran (β=-1.065 p=0.081). These results may be limited due to the low number of SSR+veteran participants (n = 28). Nevertheless, these results suggest the potential for using veteran status among LGB people to study the health effects of identity concealment and discrimination on aging.
SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUS MODERATES BACK PAIN AND MENTAL HEALTH: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF OLDER MEN
Authors: Mu Christina , Jester Dylan , Cawthon Peggy , Stone Katie , Lane Nancy , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives. This study tested the longitudinal relationship between back pain and mental health and examined the moderating role of subjective social status (SSS). Method. Community-dwelling older men from the MrOS Study provided four study visits of data collected between 2000-2016 (15,975 observations nested within 5,979 participants). Back pain frequency and severity were assessed at visits 1-4. General mental health was measured at each visit by the 12-item Short Form Survey Mental Component Score (SF-12 MCS; higher scores representing better mental health). National and community SSS were assessed at visits 1 and 3 with the MacArthur Scale. Growth curve models tested longitudinal within-person change associations after accounting for the repeated measures within each person. Age was used as the primary time variable. Results. At baseline, those with higher back pain-frequency/severity reported lower SF-12 MCS. After accounting for this between-person difference, there were bidirectional within-person associations between back pain frequency/severity and SF-12 MCS. On follow-up visits when back pain frequency/severity increased from baseline, participants reported lower SF-12 MCS (p&lt;.001). On follow-up visits when SF-12 MCS decreased from baseline, participants also reported higher back pain frequency/severity (p&lt;.001). Higher national and community SSS at baseline and having increases or consistently higher SSS over time attenuated the negative relationships between back pain frequency/severity and SF-12 MCS. Results were consistent after controlling for an extensive list of baseline health covariates and pain medications. Discussion. These findings highlight how self-perceived social status may buffer the relationship between greater back pain frequency/severity and lower mental health.
RURAL ADULTS' BEHAVIOR CHANGES DURING COVID-19: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS
Authors: Killian Tim , Garrison Betsy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The advent of the SARS-CoV-2 virus necessitated behavior changes for most older adults. Changes were largely associated with voluntary or enforced compliance with social distancing policies. Whereas the value of social distancing for mitigating the spread of the dangerous SARS-CoV-2 virus is not the subject of serious debate among public health advocates, policies that encouraged or enforced social distancing have been met with skepticism in the general public. Understanding patterns in behavior changes may be helpful to public health professionals and policymakers who develop health communication and revised guidelines in the efforts to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 and future public health infections. Our study examined patterns in behavior changes. This study had two aims. First, using survey responses from 661 adults living in rural areas about changes they made to 20 different behaviors, we identified four classes of behavior changes: (1) non-social distancers (10.7%), (2) social distancers (54.0%), (3) social distancers making civic exceptions (24.0%), and (4) social distancers making religious exceptions (11.3%). Second, polytomous logistic regression was used to predict the probability of membership in those latent patterns of behavior change. Predictor variables included demographic variables (i.e., age, sex, and race) and variables theoretically predicted to covary with patterns of behavior change (i.e., social trust, self-assessment of health, experience of pain, and depressive symptoms). This study provides insight into behavior changes during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that may be used by practitioners to understand variations in how people responded to the outbreak.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG OLDER ADULTS NEW TO LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORT
Authors: Osokpo Onome , Hirschman Karen , Huang Liming , Naylor Mary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The number of older adults requiring long-term services and support (LTSS) is increasing. Social determinants of health (SDoH)─underlying economic, social, and structural factors─fundamentally shape people’s health including quality of life (QoL). However, the influences of SDoH factors on QoL are relatively unexplored among older adults new to LTSS. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SDoH factors and overall QoL ratings among older adults new to LTSS using data from a prospective NIA funded longitudinal study of change in health related QoL in this population. QoL was measured using a single item: “How would you rate your overall quality of life at the present time?” (1- Poor to 5- Excellent). SDoH variables included years of education, marital status, food security, spirituality, social isolation, financial resources, and social support measures. A full multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, sex, cognitive status, functional status, physical and emotional health, and LTSS type. Among the 470 participants, 71% were female, 51% were white, 20% were married, and the average age was 81 years (+/- 8 years). Having adequate financial resources to pay for health care needs (p &lt;.0001) was positively associated with QoL. No other SDoH factors were significant. Access to resources to meet health care needs is critically important in promoting the quality of life of older adults especially at the start of LTSS. Implications for future research and policy will be discussed.
“MISERY LOVES COMPANY”: THE OTHER SIDE OF COVID-19 FOR SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS
Authors: Geng Jing , Calasanti Toni , Giles Sadie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gerontologists have voiced much concern about the potential for the pandemic to create social isolation risks for older people, especially older caregivers, for whom the lockdown cut off many sources of support. This presentation is based on a national study of older same-sex and heterosexual people who care for their spouses with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The qualitative, interview-based research began before the pandemic, and we were able to ask caregivers about their experiences during this public health crisis. Drawing on a total of 48 interviews, this presentation documents the surprising finding that, although caregivers discussed some challenges, they found much to say about the positive aspects of the lockdown and continued restrictions, including not having to rush for appointments or social engagements and being less frustrated with their care receivers as a result. They also described instances of greater social connection rather than less through the use of technology. In addition, some caregivers found that being with their care receiver all day gave them greater insights into disease progression and how to manage it, as well as greater intimacy. Finally, the phrase “misery loves company” was used to convey that the pandemic provided a situation wherein other people also were restricted in ways that some caregivers had been prior to the pandemic; as a result they felt others had more of an appreciation of what their lives had been like.