bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivatives of Sri Lankan Vein Graphite: Atomic Scale Study of Graphene
Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Dahanayake Damayanthi , Yashomala Hansani , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Ally Haneen Packeer , Gunasekara Sunanda , Karunarathne Veranja , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. 
Published: August 2023

Aims:
The present study examines the atomic-scale structures of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO).

Background:
Electron microscopic studies on Sri Lankan vein graphite are considerably less; hence, this study focuses on the atomic-scale study of Sri Lankan vein graphite, using advanced electron microscopic techniques.

Objective:
The purpose of this research is to utilize the data obtained to explore the multidisciplinary characteristics of graphene to the maximum prospectively.

Method:
We report an atomic-scale study on Sri Lankan vein graphite (purest) derivatives using advanced electron microscopic techniques, including High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM), and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS). The present study examines the atomic-scale structures of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO).

Result:
The results obtained exhibited an inter-atomic layer distance of 3.54 Å for RGO. The EELS study performed with the electron dose optimization for GO and RGO distinguished the differences in the C K edge with the oxygen functionalities. The XPS study confirmed the changes in oxygen functionalities obtained with EELS.

Conclusion:
The advanced electron microscopic techniques and other molecular spectroscopic analysis techniques allowed us to obtain a comprehensive study on Sri Lankan vein graphene-based structural and chemical features on an atomic scale.
Anti-arthritic and Antioxidant Effects of Trehalose in an Experimental Model of Arthritis
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Vakilzadeh Mohammad Moein , Mehri Ali , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Ganjali Shiva , Abbasifard Mitra , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The purpose of the present study was to study the potential anti-arthritic
and antioxidant effects of trehalose in an experimental model of complete Freund’s adjuvant
(CFA)-induced arthritis.

Methods:
Arthritis was induced via subcutaneous injection of CFA (0.1) into the right footpad of
each rat. Trehalose (10 mg/kg per day) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg) as a reference drug were intraperitoneally
injected into CFA-induced arthritic rats from days 0 to 21. Changes in paw volume,
pain responses, arthritic score, and oxidative/antioxidative parameters were determined.

Results:
Trehalose administration could significantly decrease arthritis scores (p <0.01) and paw
edema (p <0.001), and significantly increase the nociceptive threshold (p <0.05) in CFA-induced
arthritic rats. Trehalose also significantly reduced the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance values when
compared to CFA treatment alone. In addition, no significant difference was found between the
trehalose group and indomethacin as a positive control group.

Conclusion:
The current study suggests that trehalose has a protective effect against arthritis,
which may be mediated by antioxidative effects of this disaccharide.
Large-Scale Biomedical Relation Extraction Across Diverse Relation Types: Model Development and Usability Study on COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Fang Meng , Wu Rebecca , Zong Hui , Huang Honglian , Tong Yuantao , Xie Yujia , Cheng Shiyang , Wei Ziyi , Crabbe M James C , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2023

Background
Biomedical relation extraction (RE) is of great importance for researchers to conduct systematic biomedical studies. It not only helps knowledge mining, such as knowledge graphs and novel knowledge discovery, but also promotes translational applications, such as clinical diagnosis, decision-making, and precision medicine. However, the relations between biomedical entities are complex and diverse, and comprehensive biomedical RE is not yet well established.

Objective
We aimed to investigate and improve large-scale RE with diverse relation types and conduct usability studies with application scenarios to optimize biomedical text mining.

Methods
Data sets containing 125 relation types with different entity semantic levels were constructed to evaluate the impact of entity semantic information on RE, and performance analysis was conducted on different model architectures and domain models. This study also proposed a continued pretraining strategy and integrated models with scripts into a tool. Furthermore, this study applied RE to the COVID-19 corpus with article topics and application scenarios of clinical interest to assess and demonstrate its biological interpretability and usability.

Results
The performance analysis revealed that RE achieves the best performance when the detailed semantic type is provided. For a single model, PubMedBERT with continued pretraining performed the best, with an F1-score of 0.8998. Usability studies on COVID-19 demonstrated the interpretability and usability of RE, and a relation graph database was constructed, which was used to reveal existing and novel drug paths with edge explanations. The models (including pretrained and fine-tuned models), integrated tool (Docker), and generated data (including the COVID-19 relation graph database and drug paths) have been made publicly available to the biomedical text mining community and clinical researchers.

Conclusions
This study provided a comprehensive analysis of RE with diverse relation types. Optimized RE models and tools for diverse relation types were developed, which can be widely used in biomedical text mining. Our usability studies provided a proof-of-concept demonstration of how large-scale RE can be leveraged to facilitate novel research.
PERKEMBANGAN PRINSIP STRICT LIABILITY DAN PRECAUTIONARY DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI PENGADILAN
Authors: Imamulhadi Mr. 
Published: August 2023

The verdict of Bandung State Court No 49/Pdt.G/2003/PN.BDG about the application for compensation claim case of Dedi et.al, September 4, 2003 on the landslide of Mount Mandalawangi Kadungora Subdistrict Garut District, implemented the principle of strict liability and precautionary. The implementation of strict liability and precautionary principles has contradicted the laws, but has fulfilled the need of just in general. The judge’s verdict has given enlightenment to other judges on the duties of a judge in finding justice, and has offered a new understanding on the sources of law. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung Nomor 49/Pdt.G/2003/PN.BDG perihal Permohonan Gugatan Ganti Rugi perkara Dedi dkk, 4 September 2003 mengenai peristiwa longsor Gunung Mandalawangi Kecamatan Kadungora Kabupaten Garut, mengimplementasikan prinsip strict liability dan precautionaryprinciple. Implementasi prinsip strict liability dan precautionary telah bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang, namun berhasil memenuhi rasa keadilan secara umum. Putusan hakim telah memberikan pelajaran bagi hakim-hakim lainnya mengenai tugas hakim dalam menemukan keadilan, dan memberikanpemahaman baru mengenai sumber-sumber hukum.
PENGATURAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA SETELAH PENERAPAN OTONOMI LUAS
Authors: Yuniza Mailinda Eka 
Published: August 2023

The Regional Autonomy Act 1999 started to give local government authority to regulate onhealth. This to be observed such as the implementation over local government’s authority toregulate over health’s issue and it’s positive implications as the result. This research shows thatimplementation of Yogyakarta City government’s authority to regulate over health’s area have gone well since many healthcare’s policies had been produced in accordance to society’s needs and capabilities. Moreover, those regulations has significantly improved the healthcare’s quality becausethe numbers of licensed health facilities and paramedics increased. Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 memberikan kewenangan mengatur tentang kesehatan kepadapemerintah daerah sehingga menimbulkan dua hal yang perlu diteliti, yakni tentang pelaksanaan kewenangan mengatur pemerintah di bidang kesehatan dan implikasi positif dari peraturan yang dikeluarkan tersebut khususnya di Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa: Pertama,pelaksanaan wewenang mengatur Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta telah berjalan baik dengan dibentuknya kebijakan-kebijakan di bidang pelayanan kesehatan sesuai kebutuhan dan kemampuan daerah. Kedua, pengaturan mengenai pelayanan kesehatan di Kota Yogyakarta memiliki dampak signifikan bagipeningkatan pelayanan kesehatan, yang ditunjukan dengan peningkatan jumlah sarana dan tenaga kesehatan berizin pasca dikeluarkannya Peraturan Daerah oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta.
MELINDUNGI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DALAM KERANGKA PROTOKOL NAGOYA
Authors: Yulia Mrs. , Zainol Zinatul Ashiqin 
Published: August 2023

The Nagoya Protocol is instrumental in the implementation of access and benefit sharing (ABS) in countries with biodiversity. There are however, weaknesses in the implementation of ABS, this includes the wide geographical spread of biodiversity and the difficulty in determining the benefitting owner of a certain area. Indonesia as a country blessed with biodiversity, has ratified the Nagoya Protocol through Act No. 11 of 2013, prepared amendment draft for the Patent Act and has further prepared Draft Act on Genetic Resources. In the implementation of the Nagoya Protocal and ABS, Indonesia could refer to India’s experience in applying ABS and adapt such to accord itself with the Indonesian people’s background. Protokol Nagoya menjadi sarana dalam pelaksanaan access and benefit sharing (ABS) bagi negara-negara penyedia keanekaragaman hayati. Di dalam penerapan ABS terdapat kelemahan-kelemahan seperti tersebarnya keanekaragaman hayati dalam geografis yang luas dan sukarnya menentukan pemilik sebagai penerima keuntungan. Indonesia sebagai negara mega keanekaragaman hayati, telahmeratifikasi Protokol Nagoya melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2013, menyiapkan drafamandemen Undang-Undang Paten dan menyiapkan Rancangan Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Genetik. Dalam penerapan Protokol Nagoya dan ABS tersebut, Indonesia dapat mengacu dari pengalamanIndia dalam menerapkan ABS dengan menyesuaikan dengan latar belakang masyarakat Indonesia.
ANTI-TERRORISM LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDONESIA: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Santoso Topo 
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is a nation that has been subject to many of high profile terrorist cases. In relation to this, Indonesia’s legal framework on anti-terrorism contains provisions that have been generally practiced by other countries. After the 2002 Bali Bombing, the Indonesian government issued Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perpu) No. 1/2002 on Anti-terrorism and Perpu No. 2/2002 (which made the Perpu No.1/2002 retroactively applicable to the Bali bombings). The parliament adopted both in early 2003 in the form of Law No. 15/2003 and Law No. 16/2003. The Constitutional Court decided that Law No. 16/2003 was in-constitutional, because it was against principle of non-retroactivity stipulated under Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution. Indonesia adalah korban dari beberapa serangan teroris bersakal besar. Terkait terorisme ini, kerangka hukum anti-terorisme telah memuat ketentuan-ketentuan yang secara umum juga diterima oleh berbagai negara. Pasca Bom Bali tahun 2002, lahirlah Peraturan Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perpu) No. 1/2002 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme dan Perpu No. 2/2002 yang memberlakukan surut Perpu 1/2002 untuk peristiwa Bom Bali. Dua Perpu itu kemudian diterima menjadi Undang-Undang (UU) oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dalam bentuk UU No. 15/2003 dan UU 15/2003. Mahkamah Konstitusi memutuskan bahwa ketentuan pemberlakuan surut itu bertentangan dengan asas non-retroaktif yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 khususnya Pasal 28I.
LEMBAGA DAN FUNGSI PENGAWASAN PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sulistyandari Mrs. 
Published: August 2023

Currently banking supervision in Indonesia is still considered weak. One of the causes that lead to the weak supervision in the banking sector is closely related with the institution and the function of banking supervision itself. This article discusses the present and future state of the institution and the function of banking supervision. This article concludes that Bank Indonesia in its function of banking supervision is not fully independent, whereas there is no conflict of interest among its functions. Moreover, in the future, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) will become the institution taking over this function of banking supervision, even though the reason behind the formation of FSA in banking supervision is still weak. Pengawasan perbankan di Indonesia pada saat ini masih dinilai lemah. Salah satu penyebab lemahnya pengawasan perbankan berkaitan erat dengan lembaga dan fungsi pengawasan perbankan itu sendiri. Tulisan ini membahas tentang lembaga dan fungsi pengawasan perbankan di Indonesia kini dan ke depan. Dalam pembahasan tulisan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bank Indonesia dalam fungsi pengawasan perbankan kurang independen, padahal dalam fungsi pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan Bank Indonesia tidak ada conflict of interest. Selain itu di masa yang akan datang lembaga pengawas perbankan Indonesia adalah LPJK/OJK, walaupun alasan LPJK/OJK sebagai fungsi pengawasan perbankan sangat lemah.
EKSISTENSI HAK PENGELOLAAN DALAM HUKUM TANAH NASIONAL
Authors: Santoso Urip 
Published: August 2023

This article discusses whether the right of management can be categorized as the state control over land or as land rights. The Basic Agrarian Law is silent on right of management, but rather implicitly mentions it as mere ‘management’. Right of management originates from the right of state control over land. At first, right of management was conceived as the result of the conversion of the right of state control over land. In later development, right of management is sought through the granting of right of state control over land. Rights of management can be classified as land rights, where the holder is only entitled to use the land but cannot transfer the rights and cannot be made as a collateral. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan apakah hak pengelolaan merupakan hak menguasai negara atas tanah ataukah hak atas tanah. Hak pengelolaan tidak disebutkan dalam Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, tetapi disebutkan pengelolaan. Hak pengelolaan berasal dari hak penguasaan atas tanah negara. Semula hak pengelolaan terjadi melalui penegasan konversi dari hak penguasaan atas tanah negara. Dalam perkembangannya, hak pengelolaan terjadi melalui permohonan pemberian hak atas tanah negara. Berdasarkan sifat dan kewenangannya, hak pengelolaan dapat dikategorikan sebagai hak atas tanah, yang haknya hanya mempergunakan tanah, tidak dapat dialihkan, dan tidak dapat dijadikan jaminan utang dengan dibebani hak tanggungan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BENDA CAGAR BUDAYA TERHADAP ANCAMAN KERUSAKAN DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Harjiyatni Francisca Romana , Raharja Sunarya 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyse the factors that has caused the damage and the extinction of the cultural heritages in the city of Yogyakarta, among which are the constraints that arise in providing legal protection of cultural heritage objects and the concept of strong legal protection at the local government level. This study mainly oversees the weaknesses in the legal protection of cultural heritages in Yogyakarta, as it has resulted in lack of regulations protecting the status and surroundings of these heritages. Research results show that the legal protection towards cultural heritages in Yogyakarta remains weak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kerusakan dan kemusnahan cagar budaya di Kota Yogyakarta, antara lain adalah hambatan yang timbul dalam memberi perlindungan hukum terhadap objek cagar budaya dan konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap objek tersebut dalam tingkat pemerintahan daerah. Studi ini secara garis besar meneliti kelemahan-kelemahan dalam perlindungan hukum terhadap objek cagar budaya di Kota Yogyakarta yang dirasa masih sangat kurang dalam membuat peraturan-peraturan daerah untuk melindungi status dan lingkungan dari cagar budaya di daerahnya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap benda cagar budaya di Kota Yogyakarta masih lemah.
PRANATA GADAI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN BERBASIS KEKUATAN SENDIRI (GAGASAN PEMBENTUKAN UU PERGADAIAN)
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti 
Published: August 2023

Pawn services in Indonesia has transformed from a traditional financing institution which particularly work within small and medium enterprise to a wider financial institution that include mortgage, investment, parcel delivery services, custody as well as gold trading. Yet it raises question how is the development of pawn services in practice in regards to the objective of pawn institution as a financial alternative. In additon, it also leads to the question how the proper regulation concept is in the future. Research shows that pawn services, particularly sharia pawn services in gold, turns to be a speculative investment. Hence, future regulation concerning pawn services should be able to achieve the objective of pawn services as a tool of economic development. Jasa pegadaian di Indonesia bertransformasi dari semula sebagai lembaga pembiayaan masyarakat, khususnya UMKM meluas menjadi lembaga yang juga melayani fidusia, investasi, pengiriman dan penerimaan barang, penitipan dan jual beli logam mulia. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti adalah bagaimana perkembangan praktik gadai apabila dikaitkan dengan tujuan pranata gadai sebagai alternatif pembiayaan dan bagaimanakah konsep pengaturan gadai di masa datang guna mewujudkan fungsi gadai sebagai alternatif pembiayaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa praktik pegadaian, khususnya gadai emas syariah bergeser menjadi investasi yang spekulatif. Oleh karena itu regulasi pergadaian sangat diperlukan. Regulasi pergadaian di masa datang harus mampu menjadikan pranata gadai sebagai alternatif pembiayaan guna menggerakkan perekonomian.
UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN AIR AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN EMAS DI SUNGAI KAHAYAN
Authors: Heriamariaty Mrs. 
Published: August 2023

The absence of Public Mining Area and continued use of mercury is responsible for the illegal gold mining and water pollution in Kahayan river. Efforts must be made to avoid and overcome environmental impact by strengthening coordination in central and regional level; empowering local community; and imposing sanction as law enforcement method. Belum adanya Wilayah Pertambangan Rakyat serta penggunaan merkuri mendorong terjadinya penambangan emas tanpa izin dan pencemaran air di Sungai Kahayan. Untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi pencemaran ini diperlukan koordinasi di tingkat pusat dan daerah; penyuluhan dan pendekatan di bidang sosial, ekonomi, budaya, hukum, dan teknologi; serta penegakan hukum secara tegas melalui penerapan sanksi.
Multitafsir Pengertian “Ihwal Kegentingan yang Memaksa” dalam Penerbitan Perppu
Authors: Simamora Janpatar 
Published: August 2023

The obscurity of noodverordenings in issuing government regulation in-lieu-of-law attracts hot debate. Since the requirement of ‘compelling crisis situation’ is very subjective, it tends to be politically abused. Therefore, the will of Article 22 of 1945 Constitution that gives room for this regulation in-lieu-of-law should be re-thought and reviewed. Ketidakjelasan noodverordenings dalam mengeluarkan perppu mengundang perdebatan di masyarakat. Karena Presiden dapat menentukan kondisi ‘kegentingan yang memaksa’, kondisi ini menjadi sangat subjektif dan berpotensi disalahgunakan secara politis. Dengan demikian, penting bagi kita untuk menelaah dan memikirkan kembali maksud Pasal 22 UUDNRI Tahun 1945 yang memberikan payung hukum untuk perppu ini.
Masalah Putusan Ultra Petita dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang
Authors: Siallagan Haposan 
Published: August 2023

Albeit the absence of standing for ultra petita verdicts, our Constitutional Court has in several rulings issued such verdict. Consequently, citizens’ constitutional rights that initially should be protected by the Court are being deprived of instead. Therefore, the Court shall stop producing ultra petita verdicts until it acquires decent standing. Walaupun tidak ada payung hukum untuk menaungi pengeluaran putusan ultra petita, beberapa kali Mahkamah Konstitusi memutus secara ultra petita. Sebagai akibatnya, hak-hak konstitusional warganegara yang seyogyanya dilindungi oleh Mahkamah malah dilanggar. Dengan demikian, sudah selayaknya Mahkamah tidak lagi mengeluarkan putusan ultra petita selama dasar hukumnya belum ada.
Prinsip Non-Refoulement dan Relevansinya dalam Sistem Hukum Internasional
Authors: Riyanto Sigit 
Published: August 2023

Non-refoulement principle protects refugee or asylum seeker from being expelled or returned to places where his life or freedom would be threatened on particular accounts, for instance his race, religion, or nationality. Having been internationally recognized as jus cogens, this principle shall not, under any circumstances whatsoever, be derogated. Konsep non-refoulement melarang penolakan dan pengiriman pengungsi atau pencari suaka ke wilayah tempat kebebasan dan hidup mereka terancam karena alasan-alasan tertentu seperti alasan ras, agama, atau kebangsaan. Sebagai prinsip yang telah diterima oleh masyarakat internasional dan diakui sebagai jus cogens, penyimpangan prinsip non-refoulement atas dasar apapun tidak dapat dibenarkan.
Aspek Ontologi Pembagian Waris dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat Jawa
Authors: Sudaryanto Agus 
Published: August 2023

Even though Islamic law agrees with Javanese adat law in the type and status of inheritable property, we find a distinction in the matter of inheritance utilisation and distribution, heir groupings, and child portion. This article attempts to study the ontological aspects of inheritance laws of the two legal systems. Walaupun pada dasarnya hukum Islam dan hukum adat Jawa memiliki kesamaan terutama di jenis dan status harta warisan, ditemukan perbedaan dalam hal pemanfaatan dan pembagian harta waris, golongan ahli waris, serta bagian anak. Artikel ini mencoba membahas aspek ontologi hukum waris antara kedua sistem hukum tersebut.
Sexual dimorphism in wing pigmentation promotes rapid species diversification in Zygoptera but not Anisoptera
Authors: Padilla-Morales Benjamin , Davis Katie , Barnes Chloe , Muñoz Aldo Carillo , García-Miranda Oscar , Castillo-Morales Daniel , Barragán Gustavo Wapper , López Andrea Nieto , Kilili Huseyin , Delmer Cyrille , Serrano-Meneses Martin , Wills Matthew , Urrutia Araxi 
Published: August 2023

Sexual selection has long been thought to promote speciation, but
evidence is inconclusive. In Odonata - which includes dragonflies and
damselflies-, wing pigmentation has been found to be influenced by
sexual selection. Past evidence shows that wing pigmentation in males is
a driver of speciation in damselflies. However, whether sexual
dimorphism per se is associated with species diversification rates has
not been tested. Here we test whether wing pigmentation sexual
dimorphism influences diversification rates in a supertree of 1,239
species, the most comprehensive phylogeny inferred for the group. We
find that wing pigmentation among dimorphic males is associated with
higher species diversification rates in damselflies but not in
dragonflies. This study presents the first evidence of the role of
species sexual dimorphism in species diversification in a clade
identified as a marker of habitat quality. In the face of accelerating
biodiversity loss, uncovering diversification drivers is of pressing
importance.