bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and community level factors associated with home delivery after adequate antenatal care visits: a multilevel analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2019
Authors: Gomora Degefa , Beressa Girma , Seyoum Kenbon , Tekalegn Yohannes , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Atlaw Daniel , Ejigu Neway , Kene Chala , Mesfin Telila , Mwanri Lillian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the reported increased antenatal care (ANC) utilization in Ethiopia, large numbers of women give birth at home without skilled personnel attendance, even after attending an adequate antenatal care schedule (≥ four antenatal visits) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with home delivery after adequate antenatal care visits in Ethiopia.MethodsWe analyzed the 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey data. A total weighted sample of 1,643 women who had full antenatal care visits for their last childbirth/index birth was included in the analysis. Model comparison was done by using intra-cluster correlation, median odds ratio, and proportional change in variance. A multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the effect of individual and community-level factors on the outcome variable (home delivery). Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the strength of the associations.ResultsThe intra cluster correlation (ICC) in the null model was 59%, showing that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of home delivery after adequate antenatal care at the community level, and the variability declined to 36.5% in the final model. Therefore, multilevel logistic regression model was utilized. At individual-level, secondary educational level was negatively associated with home delivery [AOR = 0.37; 95%CI: (0.17, 0.80)], and having a household of ≥ 5 members [AOR = 1.70; 95%CI: (1.09, 2.66)], poorest (vs. richest) wealth index [AOR = 6.98; 95%CI (2.89, 16.83)], poorer (vs. richest) wealth index [AOR = 2.77, 95%CI :(1.19,6.45)], and 2-3 birth order [AOR = 2.48; 95% CI(1.45, 4.21)] were associated with home delivery after attending the required adequate ANC visits. Community-level variables associated with home delivery after full antenatal care visits included: poor communities [AOR = 2.13; 95%CI (1.03, 4.40)], and living in a rural area [AOR = 2.74; 95%CI (1.19, 6.30)].ConclusionThe findings of the current study indicate that in women who had the required number of ANC visits, having a larger household and poorest and poorer (vs. rich) wealth index, being the 2ndor 3rdbirth, residing in a rural area, and living in poor communities were predictors of home delivery. Having a secondary education was supportive, against delivering at home. Strategies to improve household’s socioeconomic empowerment were recommended.
Could Anti-retroviral treatment affects the profile of hepatitis B vaccine specific antibody in vertically HIV-infected children?
Authors: Tchouangueu T.F. , Kouitcheu L.B.M. , Lissom A. , Tchuandom S.B. , Tchadji J.C. , Sake C.S. , Ambada G. , Ngu L. , Ouambo H.F. , Esimone C.O. , Chae Gyu Park C.G. , Alain Bopda W.A. , Nchinda G.W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPaediatric immunisation had been relevant in reducing the widespread of Hepatitis B virus, as an outcome of the induction of hepatitis B surface antigen specific-IgG antibodies (anti-HBs). Studies revealed alteration effects of memory B cells during antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed at assessing anti-HBs response profile with respect to the most prominently used ART regimens in children.a cross-sectional study was conducted in 116 participants made up of 72 HIV-exposed and infected children, subdivided into 20 antiretroviral-naïve on one hand and on another hand 52 ARV treated children made up of regimen subgroups, including 8 ABC-3TC-EFV/NVP (ART-R1), 19 ABC-3TC-LPV/r (ART-R2), 21 AZT-3TC-NVP (ART-R3) and 4 AZT-3TC-LPV/r (ART-R4), and 44 HIV-uninfected and unexposed (HUx or control group) children. Participants included in this study were regularly vaccinated children aged between 4 months and 5 years old, born to HIV-infected mothers. An optimized and adapted home-made ELISA and BioELISA® Biohit kit were used to measure specific IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses to HBs in children.As result, this study showed that the rates of vaccine protective response in children treated with ART under regimens R1, R2, R3 and R4 were 25%, 38%, 51% and 75%, respectively. These protective response rates were significantly lower (p<0.0001) in children under R1, R2 and R3 than the control group (92%). When comparing anti-HBs specific IgM and IgG response medians; IgM response levels were similar in both control and ARV treated children, whereas R1 (p=0.0045), R2 (p=0.0016), and R4 (p<0.0001) showed significantly lower IgG level compared to the control group. Anti-HBs IgG subclass profile pattern in the control was IgG3≈IgG1≈IgG4>IgG2. However, IgG3≈IgG1≈IgG4>IgG4 profile pattern was estimated for children submitted to R1, R2 and R4, and the profile pattern of IgG3>IgG1≈IgG4≈IgG2 in those treated with R3 which also showed the most prominent anti-HBs IgG response mean rank level.
Comparison of Omicron Breakthrough Infection Versus Monovalent SARS-CoV-2 Intramuscular Booster Reveals Differences in Mucosal and Systemic Humoral Immunity
Authors: Nantel Sabryna , Sheikh-Mohamed Salma , Chao Gary Y. C. , Kurtesi Alexandra , Hu Queenie , Wood Heidi , Colwill Karen , Li Zhijie , Liu Ying , Seifried Laurie , Bourdin Benoîte , McGeer Allison , Hardy William R. , Rojas Olga L. , Ostrowski Mario A. , Brockman Mark A. , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Quach Caroline , Rini James M. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Decaluwe Hélène , Gommerman Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTOur understanding of the quality of cellular and humoral immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination alone versus vaccination plus SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough (BT) infection remains incomplete. While the current (2023) SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape of Canadians is complex, in late 2021 most Canadians had either just received a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine, or had received their two dose primary series and then experienced an Omicron BT. Herein we took advantage of this coincident timing to contrast cellular and humoral immunity conferred by three doses of vaccine versus two doses plus BT. Our results show that mild BT infection induces cell-mediated immune responses to variants comparable to an intramuscular vaccine booster dose. In contrast, BT subjects had higher salivary IgG and IgA levels against the Omicron Spike and enhanced reactivity to the ancestral Spike for the IgA isotype, which also reacted with SARS-CoV-1. Serum neutralizing antibody levels against the ancestral strain and the variants were also higher after BT infection. Our results support the need for mucosal vaccines to emulate the enhanced mucosal and humoral immunity induced by Omicron without exposing individuals to the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYOmicron breakthrough elicits cross-reactive systemic and mucosal immune responses in fully vaccinated adults.Graphical Abstract
Occurrence of human infection withSalmonellaTyphi in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kim Jong-Hoon , Parajulee Prerana , Nguyen Thuy Tien , Wasunkar Shreeya , Mogasale Vittal , Park Se Eun , Panzner Ursula , Mogeni Ondari D. , Im Justin , Marks Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTyphoid fever, caused bySalmonella entericaserovar Typhi, results in over 1.2 million cases and 29 thousand deaths annually from sub-Saharan Africa. Combating this disease requires various intervention approaches, such as typhoid conjugate vaccines and improving water, sanitation, and hygiene. Enhancing the effectiveness of these strategies necessitates a deeper understanding of the variation of the typhoid fever across the target region. Although the magnitude and variation of typhoid fever at the country level have been studied globally, sub-national variation remains underexplored. To address this gap, we collected data from 265 published reports on typhoid fever occurrences in sub-Saharan Africa between January 2000 and December 2020. The dataset includes information on the year and geographical location of observation, diagnostic tests used, and the type of studies in which typhoid fever was reported. By analyzing this dataset, we can gain insights into the sub-national heterogeneity of typhoid fever’s burden in the region. This knowledge will be instrumental in designing more effective intervention strategies to combat the disease.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Blood Donation among Blood Donors in Jordan
Authors: Omaish R.S. , Al-Fayyadh Z.A. , Al-Habashneh S.M. , Al-Mashhdi S.Y. , Khasawneh S.Y. , Naber I.A. , Bourghli S.L. , Al-Adily T.N. , Mahafzah A.M. , Al-Fararjeh F.M. , Sughayer M.A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study will identify blood donor characteristics in Jordan. The study aims to investigate the extent of awareness and knowledge regarding blood donation among blood donors and to explore their attitudes towards blood donation in general. It also highlights various motivational factors and obstacles which impact the decision to donate blood among Jordanian donors.BackgroundRecruitment of low risk blood donors can be challenging. Efforts should be made to increase the level of awareness and positive attitude toward blood donation. An essential step to achieve this is obtaining comprehensive data about the current situation of awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of the population towards blood donation.Methods/MaterialsThe present study was conducted at two blood donation centers in Amman, Jordan, during 2021. A total of 535 whole blood donors were included. Data regarding their demographic characteristics, blood donation history as well as their knowledge and attitudes regarding blood donation was collected by a questionnaire.ResultsFour hundred ninety participants (91.6%) were males while 45 only (8.4%) were females. One hundred forty subjects (19.4%) were first time donors while 431 subjects (80.6%) had previous donations. The participants’ median score in the knowledge section was 19.0 points (range 5-25 points). There was no significant correlation between participants’ overall attitude score and their corresponding demographic characteristics or their overall knowledge score.ConclusionMeasures to improve knowledge and attitude toward blood donation should be implemented in order to meet the increasing demand for blood and blood components. Targeted campaigns, correction of some misconceptions, and using different motivations are suggested.
Correction for Collider Bias in the Genome-wide Association Study of Diabetes-Related Heart Failure due to Bidirectional Relationship between Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sun Yan V , Liu Chang , Hui Qin , Zhou Jin J , Gaziano J Michael , Wilson Peter WF ,   the Million Veteran Program, Joseph Jacob , Phillips Lawrence S 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for heart failure (HF) across demographic groups. On the other hand, metabolic impairment, including elevated T2D incidence is a hallmark of HF pathophysiology. We investigated the bidirectional relationship between T2D and HF, and identified genetic associations with diabetes-related HF after correction for potential collider bias.MethodsWe performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HF to identify genetic instrumental variables (GIVs) for HF, and to enable bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis between T2D and HF. Since genetics and HF can independently influence T2D, collider bias may occur when T2D (i.e., collider) is controlled for by design or analysis. Thus, we conducted GWAS of diabetes-related HF with correction for collider bias.ResultsWe first identified 61 genomic loci, including 24 novel loci, significantly associated with all-cause HF in 114,275 HF cases and over 1.5 million controls of European ancestry. Combined with the summary statistics of a T2D GWAS, we obtained 59 and 82 GIVs for HF and T2D, respectively. Using a two-sample bidirectional MR approach, we estimated that T2D increased HF risk (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10), while HF also increased T2D risk (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.36-1.88). Then we performed a GWAS of diabetes-related HF corrected for collider bias due to prevalent HF affecting incidence of T2D. After removing the spurious association ofTCF7L2locus due to collider bias, we identified two genome-wide significant loci close toPITX2(chromosome 4) andCDKN2B−AS1(chromosome 9) associated with diabetes-related HF in the Million Veteran Program, and replicated the associations in the UK Biobank study.ConclusionWe identified novel HF-associated loci to enable bidirectional MR study of T2D and HF. Our MR findings support T2D as a HF risk factor and provide strong evidence that HF increases T2D risk. As a result, collider bias leads to spurious genetic associations of diabetes-related HF, which can be effectively corrected to identify true positive loci. Evaluation of collider bias should be a critical component when conducting GWAS of complex disease phenotypes such as diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.
Inhibitory control and its modification in spider phobia – study protocol for an antisaccade training trial
Authors: Hildebrand Anne Sophie , Breuer Fabian , Leehr Elisabeth Johanna , Finke Johannes B. , Bucher Leandra , Klucken Tim , Dannlowski Udo , Roesmann Kati 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesInhibitory control deficits are considered a key pathogenic factor in anxiety disorders. To assess inhibitory control, the antisaccade task is a well-established measure, assessing antisaccade performance via latencies and error rates. The present study follows three aims: (1) to investigate inhibitory control via antisaccade latencies and errors in an antisaccade task, and their associations with multiple measures of fear in patients with spider phobia (SP) versus healthy controls (HC), (2) to investigate the modifiability of antisaccade performance via a fear-specific antisaccade training in patients with SP and HC, and (3) to explore associations between putative changes in antisaccade performance in SPs and diverse measures of fear following the training.MethodsTowards aim 1, we assess antisaccade latencies (primary outcome) and error rates (secondary outcome) in an emotional antisaccade task. Further, the baseline assessment includes assessments of psychophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric indices of fear in patients with SP and HCs. To address aim 2, we compare effects of a fear-specific antisaccade training with effects of a prosaccade training as a control condition. The primary and secondary outcomes are reassessed at a post-1-assessment in both SPs and HCs. Aim 3 employs a cross-over design and is piloted in patients with SP, only. Towards this aim, primary and secondary outcomes, as well as psychophysiological, behavioral, and psychometric measures of fear are reassessed at a post-2-assessment after the second training block.ConclusionThis study aims to better understand inhibitory control processes and their modifiability in spider phobia. If successful, antisaccade training may assist in the treatment of specific phobia by directly targeting the putative underlying inhibitory control deficits. This study has been preregistered with ISRCTN (ID:ISRCTN12918583) on 28th February 2022.
High prevalence of hepatitis B and HIV among women survivors of sexual violence in South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bisimwa Parvine Basimane , Masemo Dieudonné Bihehe , Byabene Aline Kusinza , Besulani Georges Kikuni , Mitima Théophile Kashosi , Matabishi Cadeau Mugisho , Misuka Bienfait Mitima , Mukanga Omari , Mukonkole Jean Paulin , Nachega Jean Bisimwa , Mukwege Denis , Narcisse Patrice Joseph Komas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionLimited data are available on the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women survivors of sexual violence(WSSV)in South Kivu province, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where armed conflicts persist. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of these two diseases in this vulnerable local population.MethodsA total of 1002 WSSV, aged from 18 to 70 years old were enrolled from May 2018 to May 2020 at three one-stop centers, set up at the Panzi, Mulamba and Bulenga hospitals. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Viral load quantification for HBV and HIV were performed using the GeneXpert.ResultsFor HBV, overall prevalence was 8.9% (95% CI [7.2–10.8%]), 32.1% [29.3–35.0%], and 14.5% [12.3–16.8%] for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies, respectively. Among the 89 HBsAg-positive patients, 17 (19.1%) were HBeAg-positive. The mean age was 40.57±14.99 years in the HBsAg-positive group (p=0.025). Risk factors for HBV infection were age (≥35 years) (AOR=1.83 [1.02-3.32];p=0.041), having no schooling (AOR=4.14 [1.35-12.62];p=0.012) or only primary school-level (AOR=4.88 [1.61-14.75];p=0.005), and multiple aggressors (AOR=1.76 [1.09-2.84],p=0.019). The prevalence of HIV was 4.3% [3.1–5.7%]. HIV/HBV co-infection occurred only in 5 individuals (0.5%). The HBV viral load was detectable (>2,000 copies/mL) in 61.8% of HBsAg-positive subjects and 64.8% HIV-positive subjects had a high viral load (>1,000 copies/mL).ConclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence of HBV and HIV infections among WSSV in South Kivu. These results highlight the urgent need for systematic screening of HBV and HIV by integrating fourth-generation ELISA tests in HIV and HBV control programs.
Association of Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy with Future Renal Function Decline in the General Population
Authors: Ikeda Shota , Shinohara Keisuke , Tagawa Koshiro , Tohyama Takeshi , Kishimoto Junji , Kazurayama Masaya , Tanaka Shinji , Yamaizumi Masamitsu , Nagayoshi Hirokazu , Toyama Kensuke , Matsushima Shouji , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Kinugawa Shintaro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) could predict adverse renal outcome in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association between electrocardiographic LVH and future decline of renal function in the general population.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included individuals who received population-based health checkups from 2010 to 2019 in Japan. Electrocardiographic LVH was defined according to the Minnesota code. Renal function decline was defined as a decrease of ≥25% in the estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between electrocardiographic LVH at baseline and renal function decline.ResultsOf the 19,825 study participants, 1,263 exhibited electrocardiographic LVH at the baseline visit. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 ± 1.9 years. The incidence rates of renal function decline were 0.30 and 0.78 per 100 person-years in the non-LVH group and LVH groups, respectively. Electrocardiographic LVH was associated with the risk for renal function decline in both unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio 2.50, 95% confidence interval 1.73–3.60, P < 0.001) and adjusted analysis (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.50, P = 0.009). This association was comparable across subgroups stratified by age, sex, body mass index, diagnosed hypertension, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and urinary protein.ConclusionsIn the general population, electrocardiographic LVH was associated with future renal function decline. To detect high-risk individuals for renal function decline, electrocardiographic LVH may be useful in the setting of health checkups in the general population.Clinical PerspectivesWhat is new?This longitudinal study using a population-based annual health checkup data revealed that electrocardiographic LVH was associated with future renal function decline in the general population.The association between electrocardiographic LVH and future renal function decline was consistent regardless of individual characteristics.What are the clinical implications?Renal dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death as well as renal failure.This study shows the prognostic value of electrocardiographic LVH to predict future renal dysfunction in the general population under annual health checkups.Individuals with electrocardiographic LVH may require careful follow-up to prevent and detect the progression of renal dysfunction even if they do not have hypertension.
Physical activity reduces the effect of adiposity genetic liability on hypertension risk in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Hezekiah Chukwueloka , Blakemore Alexandra I , Bailey Daniel P , Pazoki Raha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeHypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is modulated by genetic variants. This study aimed to assess the effect of gene and environmental interaction focusing on adiposity genetic liability and physical activity on hypertension among European and African ancestry individuals within the UK Biobank (UKB).MethodsParticipants were 230,115 individuals of European ancestry and 3,239 individuals of African ancestry from UKB. Genetic liability for adiposity were estimated using previously published data including the list of genetic variants and effect sizes for body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) using Plink software. The outcome was defined as stage 2 hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or the use of anti-hypertensive medications). The association between adiposity genetic liability and the outcome was assessed across categories of self-reported physical activity using logistic regression.ResultsAmong European ancestry participants, there was up to a 20% hypertension risk difference between participants with a combination of high genetic liability and low physical activity compared with participants with a combination of low genetic liability and high physical activity (P<0.001). There was an interaction effect of physical activity on the association between BMI genetic liability and hypertension (Pinteraction=0.04). There was no evidence of an association between adiposity genetic liability and hypertension in individuals of African ancestry (P> 0.05).ConclusionThis study suggests that engaging in physical activity may reduce the risk of stage 2 hypertension among European ancestry individuals who carry high genetic liability for adiposity. This cannot be inferred for individuals of African ancestry, possibly due to the low African ancestry sample size within the UKB.