bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot‐Scale Analysis of Stagnation and Flushing in Premise Plumbing
Authors: Hogue Derek , Steele McKenzie , Boyer Treavor H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch has demonstrated that water quality degrades in commercial and institutional (C&I) building premise plumbing leading to increased risk to consumers. This study aimed to bridge the gap between real premise plumbing systems and theory by using a pilot scale pipe rig representative of C&I premise plumbing. The research examined changes in key water quality parameters, including chlorine, copper, trihalomethanes (THMs), and cellular ATP (cATP) across different flushing and stagnation conditions. Results indicated significant degradation during periods of stagnation found in real premise plumbing, with reductions in chlorine levels and increases in copper and THM concentrations. Conversely, flushing effectively renewed water quality, though the extent varied with system size and flow dynamics. Correlations were found between key water quality variables. The findings emphasize the need for strategic water management practices to mitigate risks associated with poor water quality in building plumbing systems.
Method Development, Interlaboratory Comparison, and Occurrence Study for 19 Taste and Odor Compounds by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Adams Hunter , Reeder Sam , Kohoutek Katie , Hoppe‐Jones Christiane , Pochiraju Susheera , Southard Mark , Ikehata Keisuke , Espindola Carlos A. , Dietrich Andrea M. , Burlingame Gary A. , Nix Daniel K. , Marfil‐Vega Ruth , Jeffers Terry , (Mel) Suffet I. H. , Ashman Michelle , Duncan Kandé , Morales Eduardo , Lipps William C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPublic water systems (PWSs) need robust taste and odor (T&O) methods for a diverse range of compounds to proactively monitor their systems from source to tap and make informed treatment decisions. In this study, Standard Method 6040D T&O compounds by solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was revised to include 19 T&O compounds with various odor descriptors including earthy, musty, grassy, woody, fishy, septic, fruity, and sweet. An interlaboratory comparison was performed to determine method accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and ruggedness. Three laboratories achieved passing quality control (QC) acceptance criteria for all 19 compounds, and one laboratory achieved passing QC acceptance criteria for 14 compounds. In this article, occurrence data and method applications are also discussed, which will allow PWSs to monitor diverse classes of T&O compounds and make informed, proactive treatment decisions to maintain high aesthetic quality for their customers.
Roles of Traditional, Online‐Specific, and Cross‐Channel Marketing Instruments in Multi‐ and Omnichannel Fashion Retail Brand Equity
Authors: Klink Angelina , Swoboda Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMulti‐ and omnichannel retailers use various marketing instruments to position themselves as strong brands. However, we know surprisingly little about how strongly retail brand equity (RBE) benefits from the traditional, online‐specific, or cross‐channel instruments that consumers perceive when switching channels. This study fills this gap by leveraging categorization theory. It contributes to the literature by analyzing the roles of important marketing instruments for consumer loyalty decisions through offline and online RBE via a sample of 379 consumers surveyed at three different points in time as well as sequential mediation and cross‐lagged structural equation modeling. The findings highlight the distinct importance of the indirect and total effects of the instruments for loyalty through offline and online RBE. Furthermore, offline and online RBE reciprocally affect loyalty decisions to different extents, providing additional insights into the roles of the instruments. These findings have direct implications for managers seeking to understand the role of marketing instruments and the interactive role of offline and online RBE in customer loyalty.
Co‐Creating Content With Brands: Insights From Influencers' Perceptions
Authors: Filali‐Boissy Douniazed , Jouny‐Rivier Elodie , Perren Rebeca 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the co‐creation process between brands and influencers, an emerging yet underexplored area of influencer marketing. Drawing on the DART model (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment, and Transparency) and six dimensions of co‐creation, the research examines how influencers contribute to collaborative content development. Using a mixed‐method approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with influencers and content agency managers in France and quantitative survey data collected from nano, micro and macro influencers to analyze the dynamics of influencer‐brand partnerships. The findings reveal three key stages of co‐creation: ideation, execution, and evaluation, with influencers prioritizing creative freedom, content control, and alignment with brand values as critical drivers of satisfaction at each stage. The article emphasizes treating influencers as equal creative partners to brands, showing how strategic collaboration enhances brand authenticity and audience engagement. The integrated framework highlights strategic opportunities in the evaluation stage through transparent communication and feedback, helping brands and influencers assess performance, refine strategies, and align with audience expectations. These insights provide practical recommendations for brands looking to strengthen influencer relationships and maximize the impact of co‐created content.
Catheter‐Directed Aspiration for Right Atrial and Right Ventricular Masses: Trends in Use Over the Years and Comparison Between Percutaneous and Surgical Thrombectomy for Clot in Transit
Authors: Murthi Mukunthan , Quevedo‐Ramirez Andres , Attanasio Steve , Jolly Neeraj , Dhar Gaurav , Singh Anshu , Malhotra Saurabh , Vij Aviral 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPercutaneous mechanical aspiration thrombectomy is increasingly being employed as a less invasive alternative for managing right heart masses, including clot in transit.AimsWe aimed to analyze trends in the use of catheter‐directed aspiration (CDA) for right heart masses. Additionally, we analyzed in‐hospital outcomes of percutaneous versus surgical approaches for patients with CIT and PE.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study based on the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020. Our population included patients who underwent catheter‐directed mechanical aspiration of right heart mass and thrombus to analyze trends during the study period. Moreover, we identified patients with acute PE stratified into cohorts: percutaneous catheter‐directed thrombectomy (CDT) and surgical embolectomy. The primary outcome was the composite endpoint of in‐hospital mortality, major bleeding, and stroke.ResultsA total of 1789 underwent CDA during the study period. There was an increase in usage of CDA for right heart thrombus and mass (203 in 2016 vs. 533 in 2020). Among patients with PE, 400 patients underwent CDT, and 150 patients underwent SE for clot in transit. On multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in composite endpoints between the two groups (31.2% in percutaneous vs. 40% in the surgical group, p = 0.243). However, patients who underwent CDT had lower in‐hospital mortality than surgical thrombectomy (12.5 vs. 26.6%, p = 0.015).ConclusionsThere is a significant increase in the use of CDA for right heart thrombus and mass. Moreover, our study shows significantly lower in‐hospital mortality in PE patients with CIT undergoing CDT compared to surgical thrombectomy.
Corrosion effect of hydrochloric acid on the granite: Insights from electrical conductivity, mineral composition, and tensile behavior
Authors: Gao Yanan , Cheng Yikang , Cai Guanglei , Gao Yuan , Tian Jianwei , Gao Mingzhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrochloric acid (HCl) extensively exists in deep underground projects, arising from the transportation of industrial raw materials or fracturing fluids of petroleum engineering. It results in corrosion, which can significantly impact the stability of surrounding rock structures. Therefore, in‐depth analysis of the degradation of rock corroded by the HCl solution is an essential task for underground engineering. In this study, the granite specimens are initially treated with the HCl solution with various concentrations. Then, the tests and analyses, such as electrical conductivity (EC) measurements, mineral composition assays, and Brazilian splitting tests, are employed to investigate the corrosion mechanism of the HCl solution. Our results and findings are generally as follows: (1) As the immersion time increases, the EC exhibits a relatively high level at pH value of 1, a decreasing trend at pH value of 3, and an increasing trend at pH value of 5 and 7. (2) The HCl solutions with various concentration have different effect on mineral composition, characterized by an increase in proportion of SiO2 and a reduction in proportion of Na2O, Al2O3, K2O, MgO, and CaO, as the solution pH value decreases. (3) After immersion in the solutions with pH values of 1, 3, and 5, the tensile strength of the granite decreases by 23.85%, 20.84%, and 20.24%; the average stiffness of the specimen decreases by 29.29%, 23.43%, and 11.97%; the proportion of releasable energy increases by 6%, 4%, and −2%; the releasable energy decreases by 54.96%, 26.09%, and 14.52%; and the dissipated energy decreases by approximately 68.85%, 41.39%, and 5.41%, respectively. (4) The evolution of physical and mechanical properties of the immersed granite specimen can be analyzed from a chemical aspect. The corrosive action of HCl cleaves Si–O and Al–O chemical bonds within the granite, particularly altering the tetrahedral structures of its silicate components. This process involves breaking existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones, ultimately destroying the silicate molecular structures. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of these reactions accelerates, progressively weakening the chemical bonds and consequently deteriorating the mechanical characteristics of the granite. These findings can deepen our knowledge about the corrosion effect of HCI solutions on natural surrounding rocks and serve as references for further research on rock corrosion mechanisms in underground engineering.
Impact of Pathogenic Fungi on Leaf Surface Wettability: A Case Study of Erysiphe castaneigena
Authors: Saiki Shin‐Taro , Ilek Anna , Ando Yuho , Sahashi Norio , Nanko Kazuki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeaf surface wettability significantly influences rainfall interception and the overall water balance within forest ecosystems. However, the effects of biological factors, particularly fungi, on this critical property have not been extensively documented. In this study, we assessed the impact of Erysiphe castaneigena, a powdery mildew fungus, on the wettability of leaves from Japanese chestnut trees. We compared the wettability of infected and uninfected leaves by measuring the contact angles of water droplets on their surfaces. Our analysis revealed that leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus displayed significantly higher hydrophobicity compared with uninfected leaves. This increased hydrophobicity correlated with the densification of the mycelium as the fungal coverage of the leaf surface expanded. These findings emphasize the substantial influence of phyllosphere microorganisms such as powdery mildew fungi on leaf wettability. Our results also enhance our understanding of the ecohydrological implications of microbial interactions on leaf surfaces, highlighting the need for further research into how these processes impact broader ecological and hydrological systems.
Development of High Power‐Density Motors for Electric Axles Using Nd‐Based Bonded Magnets
Authors: Naruse Kenya , Kim Choongsik , Kayano Masahiro , Watarai Aki , Mitarai Hironari , Nakamura Kenji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent years, a demand for smaller traction motors with higher power has arisen. This study focused on high‐speed rotation for miniaturization and developed a prototype motor using Nd‐based bonded magnets. It had a maximum rotational speed of 34,000 rpm, which is twice that of existing 50 kW‐class motors. The motor achieved the desired performance in the test in combination with a reducer. As a result, the weight of the prototype motor was reduced by 54%, and a power density of 6.7 kW/kg was achieved.
Application and Performance Evaluation of Backstepping Control for Drone 3D Trajectory Control
Authors: Meguro Yuya , Masuda Shiro , Toyoda Mitsuru 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses drone controller design with 3D target trajectory and presents a backstepping‐based controller taking into consideration the integral of tracking error. Performance evaluation is performed in situational and experimental environments, and the advantage of the proposed scheme is illustrated in the comparison with the conventional backstepping and the Proportional‐Integral‐Differential control. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme exploiting the integral of tracking error can reduce steady‐state error. Furthermore, they show that introducing a reference model experimentally improves the tracking performance for a given target trajectory.
Experimental and Analytical Study on Heat Transfer of Concrete With Different Degrees of Saturation Under Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Deng Jun , Cui Jiajie , Surahman Ridho , Tu Min , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn hygrothermal conditions, structural safety is a major concern because of the occurrence of explosive spalling when concrete structures are exposed to fire. To evaluate the fire damage of concrete accurately, the effect of moisture content and water‐to‐cement ratio on the thermal conductivity of concrete under elevated temperatures was studied experimentally and analytically in this paper. The experimental results showed that the temperature fields had a significant change among the cases with different water‐to‐cement ratios while the changes between dried and saturated cases were marginal. The temperature changes of dried samples were slightly swifter than those of saturated one. It indicates that compared with mixture proportions, concrete saturation degree has an insignificant influence on concrete heat transfer in the procedure of fire exposure. Based on the test and analytical results, an analytical model for heat transfer analysis of fire‐damaged concrete under hot and humid environments was proposed and showed good agreement with the test results.
Bank Capital Requirements, Lending Supply, and Economic Activity: A Scenario Analysis Perspective
Authors: Conti Antonio M. , Nobili Andrea , Signoretti Federico M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe evaluate the relation between bank capital, lending supply, and economic activity using Italian data over 1993–2015, a period which covers three key post‐crisis regulatory and supervisory measures (the Basel III reform, the 2011 European Banking Authority [EBA] stress test, the European Central Bank's [ECB] Comprehensive Assessment, and launch of the Single Supervisory Mechanism—SSM). We quantify the impact of increased bank capital requirements using a novel procedure that recovers the magnitude of the policy measures, relying on scenario analysis and Bayesian VARs with a rich characterization of the banking sector. We document that the EBA and SSM measures unpredictably raised Tier 1 ratio by about 2.5 percentage points, leading to an average reduction in credit to firms and households by 5% and 4%, respectively, and to a decline in real GDP by over 2% and 4%. The Basel III bank capital increase is instead correctly anticipated in out‐of‐sample forecasting. These findings are robust to time‐varying model parameters and consistent with narrative sign restriction techniques.
Astronomical Forcing of Paleolake‐Level Fluctuations in the Eastern Ordos Basin Between the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian
Authors: Cao Yuge , Wang Jianqiang , Yang Wenjing , Yu Shuhang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA precisely constrained and high‐resolution geochronology will enhance our understanding of sedimentary evolution, tectonic influences and climatic variations, all of which contribute to hydrocarbon exploration. According to sedimentary analysis, the North China Craton is believed to have undergone a transition in its sedimentary environment from a marine to a terrestrial lacustrine–fluvial system during the Late Palaeozoic. However, the geochronology and driving forces associated with transgression and regression remain understudied. In this study, we employed a cyclostratigraphic method to analyse the gamma‐ray logging data from a Late Palaeozoic sequence in the Y69 well in the eastern Ordos Basin. We established an astronomical time‐scale for this sequence, spanning approximately 10.83 million years, from ~299.94 ± 0.32 Ma to ~289.11 ± 0.32 Ma, in order to provide a geochronological framework for the evolution of the Ordos Basin. Subsequently, we reconstructed paleolake‐level variations by applying sedimentary noise modelling to the tuned gamma‐ray series and conducted periodicity analysis to identify astronomical signals. Our results indicate that water‐level fluctuations in the eastern Ordos Basin were modulated by ~1.2‐Myr obliquity and ~ 2.4‐Myr eccentricity cycles, suggesting long‐term astronomical forcing on hydrological circulation. The in‐phase correlation between the reconstructed water level and global sea level at ~1.2‐Myr intervals suggests that sedimentation was controlled by oceanic systems through transgression/regression events before ~294 Ma. Conversely, the anti‐phase correlation between the reconstructed water level and global sea level at the same interval indicates that sedimentation was influenced by terrestrial systems through aquifer depletion and recharge after ~294 Ma. This shift in the correlation between water levels and global sea levels reflects the transition from an oceanic to a terrestrial sedimentary environment. These findings provide a high‐resolution geochronological framework for further investigations and offer new insights into hydrological circulation, improving our understanding of the driving mechanisms behind sedimentary evolution in the North China Craton during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age.
Professionalisation of Community Health Workers: Time for a Formal Contract
Authors: Miranda Adriana Viola , Praha Rizky Deco , Sirmareza Trio , Aditya Rizky , Nugraha Ryan Rachmad , Rastuti Maritta , Asmara Rindang , Petersen Zack , O'Donovan James 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCommunity health workers (CHWs) are the backbone of strong primary healthcare systems. If properly supported, they can add significant value to access to healthcare service delivery. Yet, despite their proven effectiveness globally, systemwide support for CHWs remains sub‐optimal. This study explores the concept of ‘proCHW’ programs ‐ where CHWs are skilled, supplied, supervised and salaried. We suggest a fifth component is added to this framework—security (defined as formal contracts). Currently, many CHWs work voluntarily without any formal contract, rendering them vulnerable to sudden replacements. Therefore, institutionalising formal contracts will provide legal safeguards for CHWs, ensuring fair and safe employment conditions, including a minimum wage and opportunities for career advancement. To enable funding for establishing formal contracts for CHWs, strong political commitment, public‐private partnerships, and tailored funding strategies based on local administrative systems are needed. By addressing these challenges, sustainable funding can be achieved, maximising the impact of CHW‐led programs and improving primary health care globally.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in Simultaneously Developing Laminar Flow in a Plane Duct With Constant Wall Temperature and Heat Flux Boundary Conditions
Authors: Belhocine Ali , Ahmed Houari Mohammed Sid , Stojanovic Nadica , Abdullah Oday Ibraheem 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study concerns, from the angle of numerical simulation, a laminar flow in a plane duct with simultaneously developing velocity and temperature profiles. It is assumed that the fluid is Newtonian, viscous, and incompressible, with uniform and constant physical properties. The problem of laminar flow heat transfer is analyzed for both constant wall temperature and uniform wall heat flux boundary conditions. The basic equations governing the flow, including continuity, momentum, and energy, are solved numerically. Dimensionless variables are introduced to simplify the proposed procedure, and an explicit finite‐difference method is used to discretize the equations. The resulting computational method allows for the prediction of thermal behavior on an isothermal surface and under constant flux of certain parameters, such as velocity, temperature, and the Nusselt number. These results are presented graphically and discussed, highlighting the effect of certain variables on the outcome. Finally, a comparison is made with previous work, demonstrating good agreement.
Effect of iron fertilization on the growth of bermudagrass and zoysiagrass under shade and full sun
Authors: Taylor Jacob W. , Liu Haibo , White Sarah A. , Luo Hong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractField research was conducted in 2017 and repeated in 2018 to investigate the responses of two warm‐season turfgrasses, Diamond zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr] and Tifgrand bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burt‐Davy x C. dactylon), to four levels of foliar applied ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 • H2O), control, 1, 3, and 5 kg ha−1 Fe grown under full sun and 40% continuous shade in the southern transition zone. The research was divided into four independent studies due to geographical differences in location: Diamond zoysiagrass under shade, Tifgrand bermudagrass under shade, Diamond zoysiagrass under full sun, and Tifgrand bermudagrass under full sun. Each study was assessed based on visual turfgrass quality (TQ), Normalized Difference vegetative index (NDVI), shoot chlorophyll index, shoot tissue nutrient concentrations, total root and verdure biomass, and verdure bulk density. TQ was highest with iron application to Tifgrand bermudagrass under full‐sun conditions. However, increases in TQ from iron applications were short‐lived. Overall, iron fertilization appears to enhance turf color and quality when grown in full sun to moderate shade.