bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IMF’s Evolving Role Within a Constant Mandate
Authors: Georgieva Kristalina , Weeks-Brown Rhoda 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is by design an economic institution, with an exclusive economic mandate. Traditionally, this has meant that the IMF focused its work on monetary, fiscal, exchange rate, and financial sector policies, along with closely related structural aspects. In recent years, however, the IMF’s work has widened to cover a broader range of substantive topics, including governance and anti-corruption, climate change, fintech and the digitalization of finance, inequality, social protection, and gender. This article posits that the IMF’s work in these emerging areas with demonstrated criticality for the institution’s macroeconomic and financial stability mandate is not an expansion of the IMF’s mandate, but rather reflects continuing evolution in the economic understanding of what is critical for the achievement of that mandate. The article explores how macro-criticality is assessed within the IMF’s legal and institutional framework in the context of the IMF’s core powers generally and with a special focus on governance and anti-corruption, climate change, and gender. It also discusses the IMF’s strategies for engagement with its member countries in these three areas.
Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Adapt to the Shock of High Temperature and High Humidity Through Changes in Sugars and Polyols and Free Amino Acids
Authors: Li Xinyu , Ma Weihua , Jiang Yusuo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Temperature and humidity are important factors affecting the honeybees physiological metabolism. When honeybees are stressed by high temperature and high humidity, various physiological stress mechanisms evolved by bees are activated in response to injury. The accumulation of some sugars, polyols, and free amino acids can effectively protect cell structure stability and resist temperature stress. In this study, the changes of glucose, trehalose, cholesterol, sorbitol, sorbitol dehydrogenase, mannitol, and free amino acids content of worker honeybees [Apis cerana cerana Fabricius and Apis mellifera Ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)] under different temperature and humidity conditions were measured. Our research results show that high temperature has an important impact on the metabolism of honeybees. Heat stress can cause the accumulation of various antistress substances in worker. The contents of sugars, polyols, and some free amino acids accumulated in high temperature were significantly higher than those in the control, while the influence of high humidity was less. Although high humidity was improved compared with the control, the difference was not obvious. It provides a theoretical basis for exploring the physiological mechanism of individual heat resistance of honeybees.
Prognostic differences among the positive surgical margin locations following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a large Japanese cohort (the MSUG94 group)
Authors: Sasaki Takeshi , Ebara Shin , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Ikehata Yoshinori , Nakayama Akinori , Kawase Makoto , Toide Masahiro , Yoneda Tatsuaki , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Teishima Jun , Makiyama Kazuhide , Kitamura Hiroshi , Saito Kazutaka , Koie Takuya , Koga Fumitaka , Urakami Shinji , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
To investigate whether subgroups of prostate cancer patients, stratified by positive surgical margin locations, have different oncological outcomes following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter cohort study in prostate cancer patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was conducted at 10 institutions in Japan. Pre- and post-operative outcomes were collected from enrolled patients. Biochemical recurrence and clinical and pathological variables were evaluated among subgroups with different positive surgical margin locations.

Results
A total of 3195 patients enrolled in this study. Data from 2667 patients (70.1% [N = 1869] with negative surgical margins and 29.9% [N = 798] with positive surgical margins based on robot-assisted radical prostatectomy specimens) were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 25.0 months. The numbers of patients with apex-only, middle-only, bladder-neck-only, seminal-vesicle-only and multifocal positive surgical margins were 401, 175, 159, 31 and 32, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, PSA level at surgery, pathological Gleason score based on robot-assisted radical prostatectomy specimens, pathological T stage, pathological N stage and surgical margin status were independent risk factors significantly associated with biochemical recurrence-free survival. Patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with multifocal positive surgical margins and seminal-vesicle-only positive surgical margins were associated with worse biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with apex-only, middle-only and bladder-neck-only positive surgical margins. Patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with apex-only positive surgical margins, the most frequent positive surgical margin location, were associated with more favorable biochemical recurrence-free survival that those with middle-only and bladder-neck-only positive surgical margins. The study limitations included the lack of central pathological specimen evaluation.

Conclusions
Although positive surgical margin at any locations is a biochemical recurrence risk factor after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, positive surgical margin location status should be considered to accurately stratify the biochemical recurrence risk after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex is required for X-ray-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Imaizumi Hiromasa , Minami Kazumasa , Hieda Miki , Narihiro Naomasa , Koizumi Masahiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex has been implicated in various functions of the nuclear envelope, including nuclear migration, mechanotransduction and DNA repair. We previously revealed that the LINC complex component Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 1 (SUN1) is required for sublethal-dose X-ray-enhanced cell migration and invasion. This study focused on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell migration. Hence, the present study aimed to examine whether sublethal-dose X-irradiation induces EMT and whether LINC complex component SUN1 is involved in low-dose X-ray-induced EMT. This study showed that low-dose (0.5 Gy or 2 Gy) X-irradiation induced EMT in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, X-irradiation increased the expression of SUN1. Therefore, SUN1 was depleted using siRNA. In SUN1-depleted cells, low-dose X-irradiation did not induce EMT. In addition, although the SUN1 splicing variant SUN1_916-depleted cells (containing 916 amino acids [AA] of SUN1) were induced EMT by low-dose X-irradiation like as non-transfected control cells, SUN1_888-depleted cells (which encodes 888 AA) were not induced EMT by low-dose X-irradiation. Moreover, since the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates E-cadherin expression via the expression of the E-cadherin repressor Snail, the expression of β-catenin after X-irradiation was examined. After 24 hours of irradiation, β-catenin expression increased in non-transfected cells or SUN1_916-depleted cells, whereas β-catenin expression remained unchanged and did not increase in SUN1- or SUN1_888-depleted cells. Therefore, in this study, we found that low-dose X-irradiation induces EMT, and LINC complex component SUN1, especially SUN1_888, is required for X-ray-induced EMT via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Quantification of Slip Band Distribution in Polycrystals: An Automated Fast Fourier Transform Decomposition Approach
Authors: León-Cázares Fernando D , Rowlands Bradley , Galindo-Nava Enrique I 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlastic deformation is accumulated in slip bands in a wide variety of engineering alloys. Multiple material and loading conditions impact their distribution and degree of slip localization, but these effects are rarely quantified. To tackle this, the current work introduces a fast Fourier transform (FFT) decomposition method and applies it to a tensile-loaded polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy imaged via high-resolution digital image correlation and electron backscatter diffraction. This approach identifies active slip planes over the FFT images of individual grains and performs inverse transforms such that slip band traces with shared orientations are isolated. This technique enabled the largest quantification of slip band spacings and in-plane strains to date, with a total of 6,557 slip bands detected. The results show that the slip band spacings increase with grain size, with no evident dependence on grain orientation and Schmid factor. Slip bands are found to develop similar spacings along different octahedral planes and continue to spread over larger regions of the grain as the resolved shear stress of the active slip system increases. The FFT decomposition technique, which could be employed with multiple microscopy techniques, will allow for much-needed large-scale quantitative studies of slip localization.
Telomerase inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy inTERTpromoter-mutant glioblastoma models with low tumor volume
Authors: Aquilanti Elisa , Kageler Lauren , Watson Jacqueline , Baird Duncan M , Jones Rhiannon E , Hodges Marie , Szegletes Zsofia M , Doench John G , Strathdee Craig A , Figueroa Jose Ricardo Mc Faline , Ligon Keith L , Beck Matthew , Wen Patrick Y , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with 5-year survival rates of only 6%. Glioblastoma-targeted therapeutics have been challenging to develop due to significant inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) promoter mutations are the most common known clonal oncogenic mutations in glioblastoma. Telomerase is therefore considered to be a promising therapeutic target against this tumor. However, an important limitation of this strategy is that cell death does not occur immediately after telomerase ablation, but rather after several cell divisions required to reach critically short telomeres. We, therefore, hypothesize that telomerase inhibition would only be effective in glioblastomas with low tumor burden.MethodsWe used CRISPR interference to knock down TERT expression in TERT promoter-mutant glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived models. We then measured viability using serial proliferation assays. We also assessed for features of telomere crisis by measuring telomere length and chromatin bridge formation. Finally, we used a doxycycline-inducible CRISPR interference system to knock down TERT expression in vivo early and late in tumor development.ResultsUpon TERT inactivation, glioblastoma cells lose their proliferative ability over time and exhibit telomere shortening and chromatin bridge formation. In vivo, survival is only prolonged when TERT knockdown is induced shortly after tumor implantation, but not when the tumor burden is high.ConclusionsOur results support the idea that telomerase inhibition would be most effective at treating glioblastomas with low tumor burden, for example in the adjuvant setting after surgical debulking and chemoradiation.
Don’t Stop Believing: Fragmentalism and the Problem of Tensed Belief Explosion
Authors: Loss Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Giovanni Merlo has argued that a currently popular way to interpret Kit Fine's fragmentalism about tensed facts (which he calls ‘unstructured fragmentalism’) is threatened by the problem of ‘tensed belief explosion’. I argue that such an explosion of belief poses no problem to unstructured fragmentalists.
The Political Economics of Green Transitions
Authors: Besley Timothy , Persson Torsten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases may be almost impossible without a green transition—a substantial transformation of consumption and production patterns. To study such transitions, we propose a dynamic model, which differs from the common approach in economics in two ways. First, consumption patterns reflect not just changing prices and taxes, but changing values. Transitions of values and technologies create a dynamic complementarity that can help or hinder a green transition. Second, and unlike fictitious social planners, policy makers in democratic societies cannot commit to future policy paths, as they are subject to regular elections. We show that market failures and government failures can interact to prevent a welfare-increasing green transition from materializing or make an ongoing green transition too slow.
A Network Solution to Robust Implementation: The Case of Identical but Unknown Distributions
Authors: Ollár Mariann , Penta Antonio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study robust mechanism design in environments in which agents commonly believe that others’ types are identically distributed, but we do not assume that the actual distribution is common knowledge, nor that it is known to the designer. First, we characterize all incentive compatible transfers under these assumptions. Second, we characterize the conditions under which full implementation is possible via direct mechanisms, that only elicit payoff relevant information, and the transfer schemes which achieve it whenever possible. The full implementation results obtain from showing that the problem can be transformed into one of designing a network of strategic externalities, subject to suitable constraints which are dictated by the incentive compatibility requirements.
Lung function trajectory of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chang Sung Hae , Lee Ji Sung , Ha You-Jung , Kim Min Uk , Park Chan Ho , Lee Jeong Seok , Kim Ji-Won , Chung Sang Wan , Pyo Jung Yoon , Lee Sung Won , Kang Eun Ha , Lee Yeon-Ah , Park Yong-Beom , Choe Jung-Yoon , Lee Eun Young 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the course of lung function and RA disease activity and predictive factors for deteriorating lung function in patients with RA-interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods
The Korean Rheumatoid Arthritis–Interstitial Lung Disease cohort is a multicentre, prospective observational cohort. Patients with RA-ILD were enrolled and followed up annually for 3 years for RA disease activity and ILD status assessment. Group-based modelling was used to cluster a similar predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%) patterns into trajectories.

Results
This study included 140 patients who underwent at least two pulmonary function tests. Four distinctive trajectories for predicted FVC% were ‘improving’ [n = 11 (7.9%)], ‘stable’ [n = 68 (38.4%)], ‘slowly declining’ [n = 54 (48.6%)] and ‘rapidly declining’ [n = 7 (5.0%)]. Most (77.7%) patients maintained or improved to low RA disease activity. The lung function trajectory was not comparable to the RA disease activity trajectory. Age ≥70 years [relative risk (RR) 10.8 (95% CI 1.30, 89.71)] and early RA diagnosed within the preceding 2 years [RR 10.1 (95% CI 1.22, 84.2)] were associated with increased risk for rapidly declining predicted FVC%. The risk for deterioration or mortality increased in patients with a simultaneous diagnosis of RA and ILD within 24 weeks [RR 9.18 (95% CI 2.05, 41.0)] and the extent of lung involvement [RR 3.28 (95% CI 1.12, 9.60)].

Conclusion
Most patients with RA-ILD experienced stable or slowly declining lung function. In 5% of patients, predicted FVC% deteriorated rapidly, especially in older adults with early RA. The lung function trajectory was not comparable to the RA disease activity trajectory.
Chronic low‐level JUUL aerosol exposure causes pulmonary immunologic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes
Authors: Been Terek , Alakhtar Bayan , Traboulsi Hussein , Tsering Thupten , Bartolomucci Alexandra , Heimbach Nicole , Paoli Sofia , Burnier Julia , Mann Koren K. , Eidelman David H. , Baglole Carolyn J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractE‐cigarettes currently divide public opinion, with some considering them a useful tool for smoking cessation and while others are concerned with potentially adverse health consequences. However, it may take decades to fully understand the effects of e‐cigarette use in humans given their relative newness on the market. This highlights the need for comprehensive preclinical studies investigating the effects of e‐cigarette exposure on health outcomes. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic, low‐level JUUL aerosol exposure on multiple lung outcomes. JUUL is a brand of e‐cigarettes popular with youth and young adults. To replicate human exposures, 8‐ to 12‐week‐old male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to commercially available JUUL products (containing 59 mg/ml nicotine). Mice were exposed to room air, PG/VG, or JUUL daily for 4 weeks. After the exposure period, inflammatory markers were assessed via qRT‐PCR, multiplex cytokine assays, and differential cell count. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were also performed on samples isolated from the lavage of the lungs; this included unbiased analysis of proteins contained within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mice exposed to JUUL aerosols for 4 weeks had significantly increased neutrophil and lymphocyte populations in the BAL and some changes in cytokine mRNA expression. However, BAL cytokines did not change. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in numerous biological pathways including neutrophil degranulation, PPAR signaling, and xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, e‐cigarettes are not inert and can cause significant cellular and molecular changes in the lungs.
Examining the Primary Care Experience of Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Incze Michael A. , Chen David , Galyean Patrick , Kimball Elisabeth R. , Stolebarger Laura , Zickmund Susan , Gordon Adam J. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
Despite substantial investment in expanding access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose deaths continue to increase. Primary care holds enormous potential to expand access to OUD treatment, but few patients receive medications for OUD (MOUD) in primary care. Understanding both patient and clinician experiences is critical to expanding access to patient-centered MOUD care, yet relatively little research has examined patient perspectives on primary care–based MOUD. We sought to examine the care experiences of patients with OUD receiving medication-based treatment in a primary care setting.

Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews with patients receiving MOUD at a single primary care site at the University of Utah. Interviews were performed and transcribed by qualitative researchers, who used rapid qualitative analysis using a grounded theory–based approach to identify key themes pertaining to patient experiences receiving medication-based OUD treatment in primary care.

Results
Twenty-one patients were screened, and 14 completed the interview. In general, participants had numerous medical and psychiatric comorbidities. The following key themes pertaining to primary care–based OUD treatment were identified: (1) overall health improvement, (2) team-based care, (3) comparing primary care to specialty addiction treatment, (4) access to medications for OUD, and (5) discrimination and stigma.

Conclusions
Patients reported many advantages to receiving primary care–based MOUD treatment. In particular, the flexibility and added support of team-based care along with the convenience of receiving addiction treatment alongside regular medical care were highly valued. These findings can be used to develop patient-centered initiatives aimed at expanding OUD treatment within primary care.
An update on autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gómez-Bañuelos Eduardo , Fava Andrea , Andrade Felipe 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Autoantibodies are cornerstone biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody-mediated tissue damage. Autoantibodies can inform about disease susceptibility, clinical course, outcomes and the cause of SLE. Identifying pathogenic autoantibodies in SLE, however, remains a significant challenge. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of autoantibodies in SLE.

Recent findings
High-throughput technologies and innovative hypothesis have been applied to identify autoantibodies linked to pathogenic pathways in SLE. This work has led to the discovery of functional autoantibodies targeting key components is SLE pathogenesis (e.g. DNase1L3, cytokines, extracellular immunoregulatory receptors), as well as the identification of endogenous retroelements and interferon-induced proteins as sources of autoantigens in SLE. Others have reinvigorated the study of mitochondria, which has antigenic parallels with bacteria, as a trigger of autoantibodies in SLE, and identified faecal IgA to nuclear antigens as potential biomarkers linking gut permeability and microbial translocation in SLE pathogenesis. Recent studies showed that levels of autoantibodies against dsDNA, C1q, chromatin, Sm and ribosomal P may serve as biomarkers of proliferative lupus nephritis, and identified novel autoantibodies to several unique species of Ro52 overexpressed by SLE neutrophils.

Summary
Autoantibodies hold promise as biomarkers of pathogenic mechanisms in SLE.
Inflammation in osteoarthritis: the latest progress and ongoing challenges
Authors: Knights Alexander J. , Redding Stephen J. , Maerz Tristan 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
The understanding of inflammation in osteoarthritis is rapidly evolving. This review highlights important basic science, mechanistic, and clinical findings since 2020 that underscore the current notion of osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease.

Recent findings
There exists a disconnect between clinical radiographic findings and patient symptoms in osteoarthritis. Inflammation, in particular synovitis, has been put forward as a potential explanation for this disconnect. New findings have shed light on the temporal dynamics and activation states of joint-resident or systemically derived immune cell populations, notably macrophages, that participate in the inflammatory response. The intricate crosstalk in which they engage may underpin disparate pain and symptoms in patients, for instance during osteoarthritis flares. The role of biological and environmental factors such as exercise, age, and diet, have been the subject of recent studies for their protective or destructive roles in osteoarthritis inflammation. Despite these advances, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis treatments targeting inflammation have emerged.

Summary
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating chronic disease that manifests with widely varying symptomatology. Inflammation is now appreciated as a key pathophysiological process in osteoarthritis, but there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of its role in disease progression and how best to target the inflammatory response for therapeutic interventions.