bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associating a standardized reporting tool for chest radiographs with clinical complications in pediatric acute chest syndrome
Authors: Morrone Kerry , Andreca Mihai , Silver Ellen J. , Xiang Angell , Strumph Kaitlin , Manwani Deepa , Rinke Michael L. , Kurian Jessica , Orentlicher Rona , Liszewski Mark C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is an important cause of morbidity in sickle cell disease (SCD). A standardized tool for reporting chest radiographs in pediatric SCD patients did not previously exist.ObjectiveTo analyze the interobserver agreement among pediatric radiologists' interpretations for pediatric ACS chest radiographs utilizing a standardized reporting tool. We also explored the association of radiographic findings with ACS complications.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric ACS admissions from a single institution in 2019. ICD‐10 codes identified 127 ACS admissions. Two radiologists independently interpreted the chest radiographs utilizing a standardized reporting tool, a third radiologist adjudicated discrepancies, and κ analysis assessed interobserver agreement. Clinical outcomes were correlated with chest radiograph findings utilizing Pearsons' χ2, t tests, and Mann–Whitney U tests. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsInterobserver agreement was moderate to near‐perfect across variables, with κ analysis showing near‐perfect agreement for opacity reported in the right upper lobe (0.84), substantial agreement for right lower lobe (0.63), and vertebral bony changes (0.72), with moderate agreement for all other reported variables. On the initial chest radiograph, an opacity located in the left lower lobe (LLL) correlated with pediatric intensive care unit transfer (p = .03). Pleural effusion on the initial chest radiograph had a 3.98 OR (95% CI: 1.35–11.74) of requiring blood products and a 10.67 OR (95% CI: 3.62–31.39) for noninvasive ventilation.ConclusionThe standardized reporting tool showed moderate to near‐perfect agreement between radiologists. LLL opacity, and pleural effusion were associated with increased risk of ACS complications.
Association of rhinovirus and potentially pathogenic bacterial detections in the first 3 months of life with subsequent wheezing in childhood
Authors: Takashima Mari D. , Grimwood Keith , Sly Peter D. , Lambert Stephen B. , Ware Robert S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveAirway interactions between viruses, especially rhinoviruses, and potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) in early infancy may increase the risk of subsequent wheezing and asthma. We evaluated the association between rhinovirus and PPB in the first 3 months of life and wheezing episodes before age 2 years and asthma at age 5–7 years.MethodsAn Australian community‐based birth cohort of healthy children involved parents collecting nasal swabs weekly and completing symptom diaries daily until age 2 years. In a follow‐up subset, asthma diagnosis was assessed annually until age 7 years. Swabs were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. Children were included if they returned symptom diaries beyond age 3 months (wheeze) or were reviewed at age 5–7 years (asthma).Results1440 swabs were returned by 146 children in the first 3 months of life. Wheeze and asthma outcomes were recorded for 146 and 84 children, respectively. Each additional week of rhinovirus detection increased the incidence of wheezing before age 2 years by 1.16 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.35). There were no significant associations between bacteria and wheeze. Each additional week with H. influenzae increased the odds of asthma at age 5–7 years by 135% (odds ratio: 2.35, 95% CI: 0.99–5.58). No significant interaction was observed between rhinovirus and PPB for wheezing or asthma.ConclusionEarly life rhinovirus infection was associated with wheezing before age 2 years and H. influenzae with asthma by age 5–7 years. Microbes may play an etiologic role in wheezing and asthma, warranting further study.
Rare HER2 L796P missense mutation promotes the growth and oncogenic signaling in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Shi Xiaoyu , Zheng Weimin , Zhang Xian , Chen Yun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThis research aimed to find potential HER2 mutations that would have an impact on breast cancer and investigate the underlying mechanism.Experimental designThis study first investigated 238 pairs of breast cancer and para‐cancerous tissue samples from patients on the targeted next‐generation sequencing (tNGS) platform. CCK‐8 and clone formation assay were used to investigate whether the mutation exerts proliferative effects on breast cancer cells. In addition, mass spectrometry‐based comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the mutation types and wild types of MCF‐7 cell lines were carried out.ResultsAmong the identified mutations, a new mutation HER2 L796P promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells and had resistance to lapatinib using CCK‐8 cell proliferation assay and clone formation assay. The bioinformatic analysis showed that RAS family proteins and ERK phosphorylated proteins significantly increased in the L796P mutant cells. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that L796P mutation affected the function of breast cancer at the level of upstream genes in the MAPK and PI3K‐AKT‐TOR pathways.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study demonstrated that a rare mutation HER2 L796P could be a potential therapeutic target for the clinical management of breast cancer.
A review of colored light production by pyrotechnic materials
Authors: Kanitkar Swarom , Haynes Daniel , Sabolsky Edward M. , Chorpening Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPyrotechnics are a unique set of materials because they can be formulated to control combustion behavior to elicit desired effects such as light emission, smoke formation, and noise. The ability to enhance and control light emission is particularly desirable for entertainment purposes, as well as military applications. Designing such materials for high color purity at a specific wavelength requires an understanding of the different factors that affect their performance. This review will cover the various aspects of color production, including light emission mechanisms, components of a color composition, and key parameters that determine the optical wavelength band for these compositions. Additionally, because conventional pyrotechnic formulations are known to produce toxic emissions, less hazardous and sustainably formulated pyrotechnics for color production will also be reviewed. Finally, a short perspective is presented on the possible extension of pyrotechnic applications beyond conventional, civilian, and military purposes.
Tricky sepsis biomarker: Extremely high procalcitonin in squamous cell lung cancer with doubtful infection
Authors: Ermayanti Sabrina , Afriani Afriani , Firdaus Dimas Bayu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProcalcitonin is a 116 amino acid polypeptide synthesized by the C‐cells of the thyroid gland. Elevated serum procalcitonin levels are generally thought to be the result of systemic bacterial infection, but recent reviews have suggested an association between procalcitonin and patients with cancer. This case report discusses an illustrative case with elevated procalcitonin levels in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma and multiple metastases. The increase in procalcitonin in patients may be due to an inflammatory state in the tumour microenvironment. Elevated procalcitonin is associated with disease progression, the presence of metastases, and a poor prognosis.
Cyano‐Rich g‐C3N4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects
Authors: Jing Liquan , Xu Yuanguo , Xie Meng , Li Zheng , Wu Chongchong , Zhao Heng , Zhong Na , Wang Jiu , Wang Hui , Yan Yubo , Li Huaming , Hu Jinguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials are widely used in various fields of photochemistry due to the very powerful electron‐absorbing ability and electron storage function of cyano, as well as its advantages in improving light absorption, adjusting the energy band structure, increasing the polarization rate and electron density in the structure, active site concentration, and promoting oxygen activation ability. Notwithstanding, there is yet a huge knowledge break in the design, preparation, detection, application, and prospect of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4. Accordingly, an overall review is arranged to substantially comprehend the research progress and position of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials. An overall overview of the current research position in the synthesis, characterization (determination of their location and quantity), application, and reaction mechanism analysis of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials to provide a quantity of novel suggestions for cyano‐modified carbon nitride materials' construction is provided. In view of the prevailing challenges and outlooks of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials, this paper will purify the growth direction of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4, to achieve a more in‐depth exploration and broaden the applications of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4.
Salt‐Adaptively Conductive Ionogel Sensor for Marine Sensing
Authors: Li Huijing , Li Long , Wei Junjie , Chen Tao , Wei Peng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrophobic ionogel has attracted much attention in underwater sensing as the artificial electronic skins and wearable sensors. However, when the low conductive ionogel‐based sensor works in the marine environment, the salty seawater weakens its sensing performance, which is difficult to recognize. Herein, a salt‐adaptively conductive ionogel with high submarine strain sensitivity is reported. Based on the preliminary improvement via the proton conduction mechanism, the conductivity of the ionogel further increases with the surrounding salinity rising up since the salt‐induced dissociation phenomenon, which is described as the environmental salt‐adaptive feature. In seawater, the conductivity of the ionogel is as high as 2.90 × 10−1 S m−1. Significantly, with its long‐term underwater stability and adhesion, the resultant ionogel‐based sensor features prominent strain sensing performance (gauge factor: 1.12) while combining with various soft actuators in the marine environment. The ionogel‐based sensor is capable of monitoring human breath frequency, human actions, and the locomotion of soft actuators, demonstrating its great potential in diving detection and intelligent preceptive soft robotics for marine environmental protection and exploration.
Light‐Driven Biomimetic Nanomotors for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wang Hong , Gao Junbin , Xu Cong , Jiang Yuejun , Liu Meihuan , Qin Hanfeng , Ye Yicheng , Zhang Li , Luo Wanxian , Chen Bin , Du Lingli , Peng Fei , Li Yingjia , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanotechnology‐based strategy has recently drawn extensive attention for the therapy of malignant tumors due to its distinct strengths in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the limited intratumoral permeability of nanoparticles is a major hurdle to achieving the desired effect of cancer treatment. Due to their superior cargo towing and reliable penetrating property, micro‐/nanomotors (MNMs) are considered as one of the most potential candidates for the coming generation of drug delivery platforms. Here, near‐infrared (NIR)‐actuated biomimetic nanomotors (4T1‐JPGSs‐IND) are fabricated successfully and we demonstrate that 4T1‐JPGSs‐IND selectively accumulate in homologous tumor regions due to the effective homing ability. Upon laser irradiation, hyperthermia generated by 4T1‐JPGSs‐IND leads to self‐thermophoretic motion and photothermal therapy (PTT) to ablate tumors with a deep depth, thereby improving the photothermal therapeutic effect for cancer management. The developed nanomotor system with multifunctionalities exhibits promising potential in biomedical applications to fight against various diseases.
“We are sorry to inform you…”—The effects of early elimination on science competition participants’ career aspirations
Authors: Garrecht Carola , Steegh Anneke , Schiering Dustin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the past, students' participation in science competitions has been positively associated with their aspirations to pursue a career in science. Previous studies, however, were predominantly focused around successful competitors, overlooking the largest group of participants: those who are faced with early elimination. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of elimination on the development of biology‐related study and career task values and expectancy of success in first‐round participants of the German Biology Olympiad (N = 381, mean age 16.5 years, 72% female). This study was the first of its kind to use a latent change score model approach to examine the effects of early elimination, with a particular focus on participants who placed great emphasis on succeeding in the competition. We found that, regardless of success or failure, participants' biology‐related study and career task value remained stable from the first to the second round of the competition, while their expectancy of success in biology‐related studies and career developed positively. Yet, for those participants who placed great importance on advancing in the competition, early elimination interfered with the development of study and career expectations, resulting in a weaker development. The outcomes of this study suggest that (1) science competitions should re‐envision themselves to more directly address participants' values about studies and careers, especially in earlier competition rounds, and (2) science competitions should find innovative ways to provide detailed feedback to students and teachers to improve post‐elimination performance. Our findings complement existing expectancy‐value research and can serve as a starting point for future studies exploring mechanisms behind early elimination in different science domains and cultural contexts, providing empirical insight into creating an inclusive and supportive environment for all science competition competitors.
γ‐Secretase inhibitor alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced myocardial injury through regulatingJAK2/STAT3signaling
Authors: Fang Jingyun , Guan Huan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeptic myocardial injury is one of the most life‐threatening organ dysfunction. The γ‐secretase‐based approaches have been developed as potential strategies for diverse diseases management. Unfortunately, the role of γ‐secretase inhibitor in septic myocardial injury is unclarified. The present study aims to investigate the effect of γ‐secretase inhibitor in septic myocardial injury and reveal its mechanism.MethodsThe mouse model of septic myocardial injury was established by intraperitoneally injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and γ‐secretase inhibitor MW167 was applied in this model. RNA‐sequencing analysis and further bioinformatics analyses were used to screen differential expressed genes (DEGs) and potentially enriched pathways between LPS and LPS + MW167 mice. Pathological examination was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. SD‐1029 was used to block JAK2/STAT3 signaling in H9C2 cells and western blot analysis quantified JAK2/STAT3‐related proteins.ResultsLPS induced myocardial injury accompanied with significant inflammatory infiltration and more apoptotic cells. Transcriptome sequencing screened 36 DEGs and bioinformatics identified JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was significantly enriched. Furtherin vitroexperiments showed that γ‐secretase inhibitor MW167 activated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Additionally, MW167 restored cell viability, decreased myocardial injury markers including cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and reduced nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) release. Application of SD‐1029 reversely deteriorated LPS‐induced myocardial injury and inflammatory response in γ‐secretase inhibitor‐treated myocardial cells.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that γ‐secretase inhibitor alleviates septic myocardial injury via activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling, and provide novel therapeutic direction for septic myocardial injury.
U(1) quasi-hydrodynamics: Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory and holography
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Bu Yanyan , Ziogas Vaios 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the quasi-hydrodynamics of a system with a softly broken U(1) global symmetry using effective field theory (EFT) and holographic methods. In the gravity side, we consider a holographic Proca model in the limit of small bulk mass, which is responsible for a controllable explicit breaking of the U(1) global symmetry in the boundary field theory. We perform a holographic Schwinger-Keldysh analysis, which allows us to derive the form of the boundary effective action in presence of dissipation. We compare our results with the previously proposed EFT and hydrodynamic theories, and we confirm their validity by computing the low-energy quasi-normal modes spectrum analytically and numerically. Additionally, we derive the broken holographic Ward identity for the U(1) current, and discuss the recently proposed novel transport coefficients for systems with explicitly broken symmetries. The setup considered is expected to serve as a toy model for more realistic situations where quasi-hydrodynamics is at work, such as axial charge relaxation in QCD, spin relaxation in relativistic systems, electric field relaxation in magneto-hydrodynamics, or momentum relaxation in condensed matter systems.
An atlas of genome-wide gene expression and metabolite associations and possible mediation effects towards body mass index
Authors: Beuchel Carl , Dittrich Julia , Becker Susen , Kirsten Holger , Tönjes Anke , Kovacs Peter , Stumvoll Michael , Loeffler Markus , Teren Andrej , Thiery Joachim , Isermann Berend , Ceglarek Uta , Scholz Markus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Investigating the cross talk of different omics layers is crucial to understand molecular pathomechanisms of metabolic diseases like obesity. Here, we present a large-scale association meta-analysis of genome-wide whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expressions profiled with Illumina HT12v4 microarrays and metabolite measurements from dried blood spots (DBS) characterized by targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in three large German cohort studies with up to 7706 samples. We found 37,295 associations comprising 72 amino acids (AA) and acylcarnitine (AC) metabolites (including ratios) and 8579 transcripts. We applied this catalogue of associations to investigate the impact of associating transcript-metabolite pairs on body mass index (BMI) as an example metabolic trait. This is achieved by conducting a comprehensive mediation analysis considering metabolites as mediators of gene expression effects and vice versa. We discovered large mediation networks comprising 27,023 potential mediation effects within 20,507 transcript-metabolite pairs. Resulting networks of highly connected (hub) transcripts and metabolites were leveraged to gain mechanistic insights into metabolic signaling pathways. In conclusion, here, we present the largest available multi-omics integration of genome-wide transcriptome data and metabolite data of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and further leverage these findings to characterize potential mediation effects towards BMI proposing candidate mechanisms of obesity and related metabolic diseases.

Key messages

Thousands of associations of 72 amino acid and acylcarnitine metabolites and 8579 genes expand the knowledge of metabolome-transcriptome associations.

A mediation analysis of effects on body mass index revealed large mediation networks of thousands of obesity-related gene-metabolite pairs.

Highly connected, potentially mediating hub genes and metabolites enabled insight into obesity and related metabolic disease pathomechanisms.
Kardiovaskuläre Toxizität der Therapie onkologischer Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Neudorf Ulrich , Schönecker Anne , Apitz Christian , Koch Dieter , Voges Inga , Rassaf Tienush , Langer Thorsten , Reinhardt Dirk , Zolk Oliver , Schöber Martin ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Kardiologie und Angeborene Herzfehler (DGPK),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie und Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DGK),   Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Pharmakologie und Therapie (DGKliPha)
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungKinder und Jugendliche überleben eine Krebsdiagnose und erfolgreiche Krebstherapie länger als Erwachsene. Damit gewinnen Spätfolgen der Behandlung, wie kardiotoxische Langzeitwirkungen, zunehmend an Relevanz. Häufig werden im Rahmen der onkologischen Therapie Anthrazykline eingesetzt, deren akute und chronische Kardiotoxizität bekannt sind. Sie kommen bei Kindern in etwa 60 % der Krebstherapien zur Anwendung und sind zurzeit die Chemotherapeutika mit dem quantitativ höchsten Risiko für eine Kardiotoxizität. Weitere neuere Medikamente und die Bestrahlung sind ein zusätzliches, z. T. unbekanntes Risiko für Herz und Gefäße. Dies betrifft über die Kardiomyopathie hinaus auch das Auftreten von system- und pulmonalarterieller Hypertonie. Zunehmend besser charakterisiert wird das Risiko kardiovaskulärer Spätfolgen durch eine Strahlentherapie.Einige der unerwünschten Nebeneffekte werden erst im Laufe der Zeit – lange nach der initialen Behandlung der Patienten – auftreten. Die Spätfolgen am Herzen können zunächst klinisch verborgen bleiben, obwohl schon eine subklinische linksventrikuläre systolische Dysfunktion besteht. Die manifeste Herzinsuffizienz folgt später. Dann jedoch sind die Patienten nicht mehr in der Betreuung der Kinder- und Jugendmediziner, haben das Erwachsenenalter erreicht und sollten durch Mediziner für Erwachsene versorgt werden. Eine strukturierte Transition nach der onkologischen Therapie ist somit essenziell.In den letzten Jahren sind einige Positionspapiere oder Leitlinien zum Thema Kardioonkologie veröffentlicht worden. Der pädiatrische Aspekt wird darin insgesamt wenig berücksichtigt. Ziel dieses Positionspapiers ist es, die Aufmerksamkeit der Kinderkardiologen und -onkologen, aber auch der Erwachsenenkardiologen und -onkologen im Hinblick auf dieses Thema zu erhöhen. Dazu werden Risikofaktoren für eine kardiovaskuläre Toxizität der verschiedenen Erkrankungen und Therapieprotokolle dargestellt sowie der Stand der Kenntnis zur Vermeidung von Toxizität und manifester Herzinsuffizienz beschrieben. Art und Durchführung der kardiologischen Diagnostik und Nachsorge stellen den Mittelpunkt dar.
Female breadwinning and domestic abuse: evidence from Australia
Authors: Zhang Yinjunjie , Breunig Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe explore the relationship between heterosexual partners’ relative income and the incidence of both domestic violence and emotional abuse. Using Australian data drawn from society-wide surveys, we find women who earn more than their male partners are subject to a 33% increase in partner violence and a 20% increase in emotional abuse compared to mean levels. We show the relationship between relative spouse income and female partner abuse is best modelled by a binary variable that captures “female breadwinning.” This finding differs from those of some earlier studies that considered only serious abuse and found a continuous negative relationship between female partners’ relative income and abuse. Instead, our findings suggest a mechanism related to gender norms generating domestic violence. We find no link between relative income and abuse of male partners.