bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are electrophysiological correlates of response inhibition linked to impulsivity and compulsivity? A machine‐learning analysis of a Go/Nogo task
Authors: Dück Kerstin , Overmeyer Rebecca , Mohr Holger , Endrass Tanja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeightened impulsivity and compulsivity are often found in association with both dysfunctional everyday behavior and with psychopathology. Impulsivity and compulsivity are also linked to alterations in behavioral response inhibition and its electrophysiological correlates. However, they are rarely examined jointly and their effect outside of clinical samples is still disputed. This study assesses the influence and interaction of impulsivity and compulsivity as measured by questionnaires (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory‐Revised) on behavioral performance and event‐related potentials (N2, P3a, and P3b) in a visual Go/Nogo task. Data from 250 participants from the general population (49% female; age M = 25.16, SD = 5.07) were collected. We used robust linear regression as well as regression tree analyses, a type of machine learning algorithm, to uncover potential non‐linear effects. We did not find any significant relationship between the self‐report measures and behavioral or neural inhibition effects in either type of analysis, with the exception of a linear effect of the lack of premeditation subscale of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale on behavioral performance. The current sample size was large enough to uncover even small effects. One possibility is that inhibitory performance was unimpaired in a non‐clinical sample, suggesting that the effect of these personality traits on inhibition and cognitive control may require a clinical sample or a more difficult task version. Further studies are needed to uncover possible associations and interactions to delineate when impulsivity and compulsivity lead to dysfunctional everyday behavior and psychopathology.
The norms of belief as the norms of commitment: A case for pluralism
Authors: Kazemi Alireza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMuch of the discussion on the normativity of belief rests on the presupposition that there is a single fundamental truth norm governing belief that explains all of its normative features. Building on the committive conception of belief proposed by some normativists, this article takes issue with this presupposition. In particular, it is argued that belief, construed as cognitive commitment, is governed by three fundamental‐cum‐irreducible norms, which I call the “entitlement norm,” the “fulfillment norm” and the “escapability norm,” and it is shown that each of them concerns a particular normative feature of belief. Taken together, these norms can explain all the normative features of belief without leading to implausible consequences. The discussion also shows that the relationship between the truth norm and the evidence norm is more complicated than is usually conceded by normativists.
New or “normal” election? Understanding ranking activity in New York City's first ranked choice voting election
Authors: Wendland Jay , Carman Erin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveRanked choice voting [RCV] is currently seeing a spike in interest and is expanding in practice throughout the United States. However, the impacts and effects of RCV in the United States are not well understood and neither are the driving forces behind voters. engagement with it. This article explores what drives a voter's willingness to engage with ranking and to what extent.MethodsWe use New York City exit poll data to analyze what increased the likelihood of voters to both participate in any ranking activity whatsoever as well as what drove voters to rank several candidates. Using both logistic and ordinal logistic regression we analyze how a voter's engagement with ranking is impacted by their socioeconomic background, their understanding of RCV, and campaign‐centered variables.ResultsOur results show that wealthier, better educated, white voters who perceived a more positive campaign environment were more likely to engage in ranking. Gender, education, income, campaign tone, and being asked to rank a candidate as second or third are shown to be predictors of a voter's propensity to rank several candidates.ConclusionVoters engage with RCV when they are provided with information on how RCV works and the benefits that come with it. Voters who perceive a more positive campaign environment and are explicitly asked by candidates to include them in their rankings are more likely to maximize their ranking activity.Practitioner Points
Ranked choice voting was successfully rolled out in NYC, but more voter education efforts are needed among minority voters.
Cultivating a more positive campaign environment can increase participation with ranking activity.
Candidates who ask voters to include them in their rankings, even if not the voter's first choice, are likely to be included in that voter's rankings.
Standardized reporting of pulmonary transfusion complications: Development of a model reporting form and flowchart
Authors: van Wonderen Stefan F. , Peters Anna L. , Grey Sharran , Rajbhandary Srijana , de Jonge Layla L. , Andrzejewski Chester , Narayan Shruthi , Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna C. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary complications of blood transfusion, including transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), and transfusion‐associated dyspnea, are generally underdiagnosed and under‐reported. The international TRALI and TACO definitions have recently been updated. Currently, no standardized pulmonary transfusion reaction reporting form exists and most of the hemovigilance forms have not yet incorporated the updated definitions. We developed a harmonized reporting form, aimed at improved data collection on pulmonary transfusion reactions for hemovigilance and research purposes by developing a standardized model reporting form and flowchart.Materials and MethodsUsing a modified Delphi method among an international, multidisciplinary panel of 24 hemovigilance experts, detailed recommendations were developed for a standardized model reporting form for pulmonary complications of blood transfusion. Two Delphi rounds, including scoring systems, took place and several subsequent meetings were held to discuss issues and obtain consensus. Additionally, a flowchart was developed incorporating recently published redefinitions of pulmonary transfusion reactions.ResultsIn total, 17 participants completed the first questionnaire (70.8% response rate) and 14 participants completed the second questionnaire (58.3% response rate). According to the results from the questionnaires, the standardized model reporting form was divided into various subcategories: general information, patient history and transfusion characteristics, reaction details, investigations, treatment and supportive care, narrative, and transfused product.ConclusionIn this article, we present the recommendations from a global group of experts in the hemovigilance field. The standardized model reporting form and flowchart provide an initiative that may improve data collected to address pulmonary transfusion reactions.
Anti‐fibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid suppresses the endotoxin‐induced expression of Tnfα and Il1α genes in a plasmin‐independent manner
Authors: Kacer Doreen , Machnitzky Eva , Fung Angus , Greene Autumn , Carter Damien , Rappold Joseph , Prudovsky Igor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionTranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used as an antifibrinolytic agent in hemorrhagic trauma patients. The beneficial effects of TXA exceed the suppression of blood loss and include the ability to decrease inflammation and edema. We found that TXA suppresses the release of mitochondrial DNA and enhances mitochondrial respiration. These results allude that TXA could operate through plasmin‐independent mechanisms. To address this hypothesis, we compared the effects of TXA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in plasminogen (Plg) null and Plg heterozygous mice.MethodsPlg null and Plg heterozygous mice were injected with LPS and TXA or LPS only. Four hours later, mice were sacrificed and total RNA was prepared from livers and hearts. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with specific primers was used to assess the effects of LPS and TXA on the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ResultsLPS enhanced the expression of Tnfα in the livers and hearts of recipient mice. The co‐injection of TXA significantly decreased the effect of LPS both in Plg null and heterozygous mice. A similar trend was observed with LPS‐induced Il1α expression in hearts and livers.ConclusionsThe effects of TXA on the endotoxin‐stimulated expression of Tnfα and Il1α in mice do not depend on the inhibition of plasmin generation. These results indicate that TXA has other biologically important target(s) besides plasminogen/plasmin. Fully understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the extensive beneficial effects of TXA and future identification of its targets may lead to improvement in the use of TXA in trauma, cardiac, and orthopedic surgical patients.
Measuring the input rank in global supply networks
Authors: Rungi Armando , Fattorini Loredana , Huremović Kenan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce the Input Rank as a network measure of relevance of direct and indirect suppliers in Global Value Chains. We conceive an intermediate input to be more relevant for a downstream buyer if a negative shock to that input's productivity affects that buyer more. In particular, in our framework, the relevance of any input depends on: (i) the network position of the supplier relative to the buyer, (ii) the patterns of intermediate input intensities connecting the buyer and the supplier, and (iii) the competitive pressures along supply chains. After we compute the Input Rank from both the U.S. and the world input–output tables, we provide useful insights into the crucial role of services inputs as well as on the relatively higher relevance of domestic suppliers, and suppliers coming from regionally integrated partners. Finally, we test that the Input Rank is a good predictor of vertical integration choices made by 20,489 U.S. parent companies controlling 154,836 subsidiaries worldwide.
Second Hankel Determinant of Bi-univalent Functions
Authors: Shu Huey Kiu , Janteng Aini , Janteng Jaludin , Liew Pik Hern Andy 
Published: April 2023

Let be the class of functions which are analytic in the open unit disk and having the form . Denote to be the class for all functions in that are univalent in . Then, let denote the class of bi-univalent functions in . In this paper, we obtain the second Hankel determinant for certain classes of analytic bi-univalent function which are defined by subordinations in the open unit disk . In particular, we determine the initial coefficients and and obtained the upper bound for the functional of functions in the classes of analytic bi-univalent function which are defined by subordinations in .
Sums of distances on graphs and embeddings into Euclidean space
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet be a finite, connected graph. We consider a greedy selection of vertices: given a list of vertices , take to be any vertex maximizing the sum of distances to the vertices already chosen and iterate, keep adding the “most remote” vertex. The frequency with which the vertices of the graph appear in this sequence converges to a set of probability measures with nice properties. The support of these measures is, generically, given by a rather small number of vertices . We prove that this suggests that the graph G is, in a suitable sense, “m‐dimensional” by exhibiting an explicit 1‐Lipschitz embedding with good properties.
Extracellular vesicles as markers and mediators of pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes, pre‐eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Farrelly Rachel , Kennedy Margeurite Gina , Spencer Rebecca , Forbes Karen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn high income countries, approximately 10% of pregnancies are complicated by pre‐eclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and/or macrosomia resulting from gestational diabetes (GDM). Despite the burden of disease this places on pregnant people and their newborns, there are still few, if any, effective ways of preventing or treating these conditions. There are also gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologies and our ability to predict which mothers will be affected. The placenta plays a crucial role in pregnancy, and alterations in placental structure and function have been implicated in all of these conditions. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important molecules in cell‐to‐cell communication in health and disease, recent research involving maternal‐ and placental‐derived EV has demonstrated their potential as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers of obstetric disorders. This review will consider how placental and maternal EVs have been investigated in pregnancies complicated by PE, PTB, FGR and GDM and aims to highlight areas where further research is required to enhance the management and eventual treatment of these pathologies.
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Automatedly Distilling Canonical Equations From Random State Data
Authors: Jin Xiaoling , Huang Zhanchao , Wang Yong , Huang Zhilong , Elishakoff Isaac 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Canonical equations play a pivotal role in various sub-fields of physics and mathematics. However, for complex systems and systems without first principles, deriving canonical equations analytically is quite laborious or might even be impossible. This work is devoted to automatedly distilling the canonical equations solely from random state data. The random state data are collected from stochastically excited, dissipative dynamical systems either experimentally or numerically, while other information, such as the system characterization itself and the excitations, is not needed. The identification procedure comes down to a nested optimization problem, and the explicit expressions of the momentum (density) functions and energy (density) functions are identified simultaneously. Three representative examples are investigated to illustrate its high accuracy of identification, the small requirement for data amount, and high robustness to excitations and dissipation. The identification procedure serves as a filter, filtering out nonconservative information while retaining conservative information, which is especially suitable for systems with unobtainable excitations.
Voltage-Mediated Enhances Lithium-Ion Storage in LiTiOPO4 by Combustion Method
Authors: Gu Xiujuan , Cai Yanjun , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Su Zhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
LiTiOPO4 was prepared by solid-phase combustion method using citric acid as fuel. The LiTiOPO4 materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction test (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD test showed that the synthesized samples were pure phases and the addition of different weight fractions of the combustion agent citric acid did not change the phase structure of the LiTiOPO4. The microscopic observations revealed that the LiTiOPO4 prepared after the addition of citric acid as a combustion agent was a sheet-like stacked structure. The electrochemical test results showed that the rate discharge capacity of LiTiOPO4 anode at 5000 mA g−1 maintains 184.7 mAh g−1 in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V and keeps at 147.2 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. The LiTiOPO4 anode exhibits excellent cycling stability and good reversibility, which is attributed to the high crystallinity of LiTiOPO4 prepared by solid-phase combustion and the lamellar stacked layer structure that facilitates lithium-ion insertion/de-insertion.
Evaluating the Feasibility of the Education, Movement, and Understanding (EMU) Program: A Primary School-Based Physical Education Program Integrating Indigenous Games Alongside Numeracy and Literacy Skills
Authors: Eather Narelle , Riley Nicholas , Babic Mark , Bennie Andrew , Maynard John , Morgan Philip J. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a 16-lesson integrated physical education program focusing on Indigenous games: Education, Movement, and Understanding (EMU). Method: The study aligned with current physical education, English, and mathematics syllabi and involved 105 children (9–12 years) from two primary schools (Awabakal Country, Australia; 2020). Children participated in sixteen 45–60 min EMU lessons over 8 weeks, with feasibility and preliminary efficacy outcomes assessed via mixed methods. Results: EMU was delivered successfully by the research team, with excellent student and teacher evaluations (M = 4.36–5.0 across 20 items). Improvements resulted for children’s cardiorespiratory fitness (d = 0.37, p = .001), enjoyment of sport (d = 0.27, p = .024), physical self-perceptions (d = 0.27, p = .043), and academic achievement (spelling d = 0.91, addition d = 0.40, subtraction d = 0.53, and division d = 0.68). No significant changes in well-being or multiplication scores resulted. Conclusion: Our results provide support for the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of EMU as a beneficial and enjoyable integrated primary school physical education program.
Conceptual Design and Mechanical Analysis of a Lunar Anchored Cislunar Tether
Authors: Wang Weiwei  , Zhigang Wu , Jiafu Liu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA long tether anchored to the lunar surface and extended to position tens thousands of kilometers above the Earth is put forward. It could be used as an auxiliary cislunar traffic track to transfer cargos along it to the Moon without rocket landing and ascending, saving fuels. The configuration and statics of the tether is examined carefully within the Earth–Moon circular restricted three-body system. Firstly, the tensile stress in the tether is regarded as a main restriction factor, which is calculated for the case with a constant cross section. By then, the allowable endpoint position is proposed. So far, only materials available in laboratory, such as carbon nanotube, can sustain such a long and thin tether. Secondly, the constant tensile stress tether with variant cross section is taken into account. Then the key restriction factor is becoming the variation ratio of the tether’s cross section, which is determined by the material’s density and the tensile stress. In this condition, available materials expand to carbon fiber and some mass-produced composite materials. As a verdict, such a lunar anchored cislunar tether is more than science fiction in the sense of mechanics and material.
Lower eyelid lengthening in facial nerve palsy: when is a periosteal flap required?
Authors: Jamison Aaron , Patel Bhupendra C , Hunt Samantha , Malhotra Raman 
Published: April 2023

Background/aimsTo present a case series of patients with facial nerve palsy (FNP) undergoing lower eyelid surgery where inadequate horizontal tarsal length was encountered and managed with a periosteal flap.MethodsA two-centre retrospective, non-comparative case series of all patients with FNP who underwent lower eyelid periosteal flap procedures. Theatre records identified all such procedures performed by, or under the supervision of, one of two surgeons (RM, BCP) between November 2018 and November 2020. Outcome measures, including the Cornea, static Asymmetry, Dynamic function, Synkinesis grading score, were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsAll 17 patients had undergone medial canthal tendon (MCT) plication. Six had previously undergone MCT plication then were listed for further lower eyelid surgery. In 11 cases, horizontal deficiency was encountered intraoperatively, immediately following MCT plication. Four patients were surgery-naïve. 94% were within the ‘contraction phase’ of FNP (ie, greater than 1-year duration); eight (45%) had previously undergone lower eyelid shortening procedures (such as lateral tarsal strip procedure, LTS). All patients had improved lower eyelid position postoperatively, although at 1-year postoperation, four patients require redo lower eyelid surgery.ConclusionsMCT plication and stabilisation appear to be closely linked to the need for lower eyelid lengthening procedures, particularly in patients who have also undergone LTS and/or those within the ‘contraction phase’ of FNP. Unnecessary loss of horizontal tarsal length (particularly during LTS procedures) must be avoided in patients with FNP. Surgeons managing such patients should take care to identify inadvertent eyelid shortening early and be prepared to perform a lateral periosteal flap when required.
Long versus short peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: results of a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Familiari Pietro , Borrelli de Andreis Federica , Landi Rosario , Mangiola Francesca , Boskoski Ivo , Tringali Andrea , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivePeroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has become standard treatment for achalasia with comparable efficacy to surgery. In most of published series, the length of myotomy is 12–13 cm. Shorter cuts could have the advantage of shorter procedure time and possibly reduced gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) rate.DesignThis single-centre, patient-blinded, randomised, non-inferiority clinical trial included 200 patients, who were randomly allocated, to receive either a long-POEM (13 cm; 101 patients) or a short-POEM (8 cm; 99 patients). Primary outcome was defined as an Eckardt symptom score of ≤3 at 24 months after the procedure; a non-inferiority design was chosen with an accepted success range of 6% between the two treatments. Secondary outcomes included operating time, complication rate, postoperative manometry, GORD rate and quality of life.ResultsIn the intention-to-treat analysis, clinical success rates were 89.1% in the long-POEM and 98.0% in the short-POEM group, resulting in an absolute between-group difference of −8.9% (90% CI −14.5 to −3.3).Procedure time was significantly reduced in the short-POEM as compared with the long-POEM group (40 vs 50 min, p<0.0001). Severe adverse events occurred in one patient in both groups.No differences were observed in postoperative GORD: acid exposure >6% on pH monitoring study at 6 months was seen in 34.3% (long-POEM) vs 31.1% (short-POEM), while endoscopic oesophagitis was diagnosed in 37.6% vs 51.5% at 6 months and in 21% vs 24.5% at 24 months. Regular proton pump inhibitor use was not different either (36.8% vs 37.5%).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates non-inferiority of a shorter cut length of POEM as compared with the standard treatment, which saved some procedural time. GORD rate was not reduced by reducing cutting length.Trial registration numberNCT03450928.