bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 38-GHz demodulator with high image rejection in 65 nm-CMOS process
Authors: Huang Tian-Wei , Huang Yi-Cheng , Chien Chen , Chiang Kun-Chan , Tsai Jeng-Han 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA high image rejection 38 GHz demodulator in TSMC 65-nm CMOS process is presented. To achieve better than −40 dBc image rejection ratio (IRR), a low I/Q mismatch 45° LO power splitter of sub-harmonic mixer is proposed. In this design, the 45° LO power splitter is composed of a Wilkinson divider, a series delay line with electrical length of 45° on one side of the divider, and a shunt 90° transmission line on the other side. This configuration is attractive because of its design simplicity and easy fabrication. Compared with the conventional techniques that utilize capacitors and inductors instead of the shunt 90° transmission line, the proposed LO power splitter can alleviate the issue of process variation. The demodulator demonstrates an IRR lower than −40 dBc from 37.5 to 41.5 GHz. In addition, conversion gain is 1.3 ± 0.9 dB from 33 to 41 GHz with 6 dBm LO power. The total direct current power consumption is 78 mW from 1.0 V supply voltage. At the modulation scheme of 4096-QAM, the proposed demodulator demonstrates 1.7% (−35.1 dB) error vector magnitude (EVM), which is very close to the EVM measurement floor 1.6% (−36 dB) of our millimeter-wave signal analyzer.
Soil Moisture Memory of Land Surface Models Utilized in Major Reanalyses Differ Significantly From SMAP Observation
Authors: He Qing , Lu Hui , Yang Kun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWeather and climate forecast predictability relies on hydrometeorological processes occurring at different time scales. However, evaluation of parameterizations of such processes in current land surface models (LSMs) is challenging since they are complex, and large‐scale observations are scarce and uncommon. Recent advancements in satellite observations, in this light, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the models' performances at large spatial scales. Using 5‐year soil moisture memory (SMM) from Soil Moisture Active and Passive observations, we evaluate hydrometeorological behaviors of four LSMs in major reanalyses. Multi‐model mean comparison at the global scale shows that current LSMs tend to overestimate SMM that is controlled by water‐limited processes whereas underestimate SMM controlled by energy‐limitations. Large model spreads in SMM are also observed between individual models. The SMM biases are highly dependent on models' parameterizations, while showing minor relevance to the models' online/offline simulating schemes. Further analyses of two important terrestrial water cycle‐related variables indicate current LSMs may underestimate soil moisture that is directly available for water cycle rate and water‐limited evapotranspiration. Finally, the comparison of two soil moisture thresholds indicates the soil parameters utilized in LSMs play an essential role in producing the model's biases. This study provides an observation‐based reference for hydrometeorological evaluations in multiple LSMs, shedding lights on improving land surface simulations in future.
Water Availability in China's Oases Decreased Between 1987 and 2017
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Shuai , Liu Yanxu , Wang Yijia , Wang Yaping , Zhang Tiegang , Zhang Haoyu , Yao Ying , Song Jiaxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe significant expansion of China's oases during recent decades has inevitably increased water demand, profoundly affecting the regional water budget. While streamflow and precipitation have increased in China's oases under climate change, it remains uncertain whether this augmented water supply will suffice to meet the increasing water demand of oases, presenting a great challenge to guarantee regional water security. Here we used a process‐based crop water model, oasis land use datasets, vegetation maps, and observational data on streamflow and grain production to estimate the impacts of China's oasis dynamics on regional water resources from 1987 to 2017. We found that the water demand in oases significantly increased during 1987–2017, and oasis areas that have existed since 1987 accounted for a greater proportion of the increased water demand than newly expanded oasis areas. Although increases in precipitation and streamflow largely offset the additional water demand, 60.3% of counties in oasis regions experienced a decrease in water availability after 1987 because of a spatiotemporal mismatch between water supply and demand, and some counties suffered water deficits. Our findings provide a quantified basis for identifying and optimizing water use structures for water security in oases.
Influence of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on Concentration and Distribution of Escherichia coli in Water Surrounding an Informal Floating Community in Iquitos, Peru
Authors: Neumann Rebecca B. , Paredes Fernández Susan , Andrews Leann , Alarcón Jorge A. ,   InterACTION Labs Working Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractFloating communities exist throughout the world. Many live on water with a high pathogen load due to difficulties associated with sewage management. In Claverito, an informal floating community in Iquitos, Peru, we conducted a controlled experiment to test the ability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to remove Escherichia coli from water. When river E. coli concentrations were at or below ∼1,500 CFU 100 mL−1, water hyacinth reduced shallow concentrations (8 cm depth) down to levels deemed safe by U.S. EPA for recreational use. Above this threshold, plants were able to reduce E. coli levels within shallow water, but not down to “safe” levels. At deeper depths (>25 cm), there was evidence that plants increased E. coli concentrations. Water hyacinth removed E. coli from shallow water by providing a surface (i.e., submerged roots) onto which E. coli sorbed and by protecting organisms that can potentially consume E. coli. Unfortunately, because of root association, the total E. coli load within the water column was greater with water hyacinth present. The use of water hyacinth to keep surface water around floating communities low in E. coli could be beneficial as this is the water layer with which people most likely interact. Aquatic vegetation naturally proliferates in and around Claverito. While this study was based on curating aquatic plants in order to achieve a water‐quality outcome, it nonetheless supports concrete actions for Claverito residents under non‐curated conditions, which are outlined at the end of the manuscript.
Strontium Isotope Characteristics (δ88/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr) of Arima‐Type Brines Originated From Slab‐Fluids
Authors: Kani T. , Misawa K. , Morikawa N. , Kazahaya K. , Kusuhara F. , Yoneda S. , Terakado Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the southwest Japan forearc, slab‐fluids produced from subducted materials migrate to crustal levels and appear as deep‐seated brine. We have analyzed for the first‐time stable strontium isotopes in non‐volcanic spring water with high salinity, referred to as Arima‐type saline water that likely originate from slab‐fluid that upwelled along major faults. The stable strontium isotope compositions of the saline water are isotopically light (δ88/86Sr = 0.122–0.157‰) and different from those of local bedrock and near‐surface water. The light strontium‐enriched and radiogenic signature of the saline water reflects the primary characteristic of slab‐fluids without an isotopic overprint in the crust. The Arima‐type brines show signatures of slab‐fluids at forearc depth, which is different from the slab‐fluids at subarc depth estimated from arc lavas. The characteristic features of the Arima‐type brines are explained by a larger contribution of subducted sediments and strontium isotope fractionation during fluids generation at shallower depth.
10Be Indicator for the Matuyama‐Gauss Magnetic Polarity Reversal From Chinese Loess
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Kong Xianghui , Du Yajuan , Xie Xingjun , Xian Feng , Tang Ling , Zhou Jie , Zhao Guoqing , Fu Yunchong , Chen Ning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Matuyama‐Gauss (M‐G) magnetic polarity reversal is regarded as a fundamental time marker in the stratigraphic division of the Quaternary‐Neogene. However, previous paleomagnetic studies have shown that the M‐G is mainly recorded in the Chinese loess unit L33—a glacial stage (corresponding to marine isotope stage 104, i.e., MIS 104)—which is asynchronous with the timing recorded in marine sediments. Here, we solve this long‐standing debate by exploiting a method to extract reproducible records of paleomagnetic field intensity from Xifeng and Lantian loess profiles with meteoric 10Be. The results showed that for both loess profiles, the 10Be‐derived M‐G boundary is located in paleosol S32 ca. 2,589 ± 3 ka, which corresponds to MIS 103. This is synchronous with that seen in marine sediments, though it is, on average, ∼19 ka younger than the boundary inferred from paleomagnetic measurements from the two profiles, which demonstrates that magnetic overprinting has occurred.
Deep Learning‐Based Ensemble Forecasts and Predictability Assessments for Surface Ozone Pollution
Authors: Zhang Aoxing , Fu Tzung‐May , Feng Xu , Guo Jianfeng , Liu Chanfang , Chen Jiongkai , Mo Jiajia , Zhang Xiao , Wang Xiaolin , Wu Wenlu , Hou Yue , Yang Honglong , Lu Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe impacts of weather forecast uncertainties have not been quantified in current air quality forecasting systems. To address this, we developed an efficient 2‐D convolutional neural network‐surface ozone ensemble forecast (2DCNN‐SOEF) system using 2‐D convolutional neural network and weather ensemble forecasts, and we applied the system to 216‐hr ozone forecasts in Shenzhen, China. The 2DCNN‐SOEF demonstrated comparable performance to current operating forecast systems and met the air quality level forecast accuracies required by the Chinese authorities up to 144‐hr lead time. Uncertainties in weather forecasts contributed 38%–54% of the ozone forecast errors at 24‐hr lead time and beyond. The 2DCNN‐SOEF enabled an “ozone exceedance probability” metric, which better represented the risks of air pollution given the range of possible weather outcomes. Our ensemble forecast framework can be extended to operationally forecast other meteorology‐dependent environmental risks globally, making it a valuable tool for environmental management.
Multiple Voronoi Partition Improves Multimodal Dispersion Imaging From Ambient Noise: A Case Study of LASSO Dense Array
Authors: Li Zhengbo , Dong Sheng , Shi Caiwang , Fu Lei , Pan Lei , Wang Jiannan , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent studies on the frequency‐Bessel transform (F‐J) method demonstrate the ability of the array‐based method to extract higher‐mode surface wave dispersion curves from ambient noise, which provides a new opportunity to reveal more accurate underground structures. However, problems with the subarray selection for three‐dimensional imaging remain. On the one hand, we need the subarray to be large enough such that the F‐J method can capture high‐quality dispersion curves, and on the other hand, we want the subarray to be small enough to maintain a sufficient horizontal resolution. To solve this problem, we propose a strategy that randomly and repeatedly partitions the subarray based on Voronoi diagrams. We call this the FJ‐VoroTomo method. The FJ‐VoroTomo method does not require tedious parameter tuning and can measure high‐quality dispersion while maintaining horizontal resolution. More importantly, this method can quantitatively analyze the uncertainty of the measured dispersion curves. In this work, we use the noise cross‐correlation functions from the LArge‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma array as an example to demonstrate the dispersion and its uncertainty obtained by the FJ‐VoroTomo method and evaluate the three‐dimensional S wave velocity structure beneath this dense array. We hope that by using this strategy, the multimodal surface wave method can be more feasible in dense arrays that are currently widely used.
Thank You to Our 2022 Reviewers
Authors: Caprarelli Graziella , Altintas Ilkay , Baratoux David , Cervato Cinzia , Diviacco Paolo , Donea Alina , Donnellan Andrea , Gentemann Chelle , Glaves Helen M. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Jones Cathleen E. , Maute Astrid , Mills Franklin P. , Pirenne Benoit , Pryor Sara C. , Tiampo Kristy , Xie Zunyi 
Published: April 2023

Plain Language SummaryThe Editors and Staff of Earth and Space Science acknowledge the importance of hundreds of peer reviewers who contributed to the scientific rigor of the papers published in the journal. The Editors wish to publicly recognize the 839 reviewers who gave selflessly of their time and expertise in 2022.
Evaluating the Variability of Simulated Raindrop Size Distributions in the “21·7” Henan Extremely Heavy Rainfall Event
Authors: Chen Gang , Lu Yinghui , Hua Shaofeng , Liu Qingyuan , Zhao Kun , Zheng Yuanyuan , Wang Mingjun , Zhang Shushi , Wang Xiuming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSignificant variability of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) has been observed in the “21·7” Henan extremely heavy rainfall event (the “21·7” Henan EHR event), while the capability of model to reproduce such complicated heavy rainfall DSDs is yet unclear. This study primarily evaluates the simulated DSDs of multiple microphysics schemes by comparing with the observations from a network of 50 disdrometers. Constrained DSD variability is identified in most schemes that the simulated raindrop mean sizes are gradually restricted around specific values as the growth of heavy rainfall intensity. The schemes are also incapable of reproducing the different raindrop mean sizes from deep convection and shallow convection. Moreover, simulations show unrealistic evolutions of raindrop mean size standard deviations as height declines. By investigating the empirical formula and performing sensitivity experiment, the constrained DSD variability in heavy rainfall is largely blamed on the insufficient parameterizations of the self‐collection (breakup) processes.
Effects of Equatorial Ocean Current Bias on Simulated El Niño Pattern in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shen , Wang Li‐Chiao , Li Jui‐Lin F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study utilized the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models to examine the simulations of equatorial ocean currents and explore their substantial influences on the systematic bias of westward‐extended sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) pattern during El Niño. The results show that models simulate an excessive westward ocean current field over the equatorial central Pacific in the mean state. It tends to suppress the equatorial eastward ocean current anomalies with their maximum centering over the equatorial western Pacific in the El Niño developing phase. As a consequence, an overestimated zonal advective feedback toward the maritime continent exists, subsequently inducing the biased westward extension of SSTA pattern. Our results show that the mean‐state performance of equatorial ocean currents plays a key role on simulations of El Niño evolution in CMIP6 models.
RBM4 dictates ESCC cell fate switch from cellular senescence to glutamine-addiction survival through inhibiting LKB1-AMPK-axis
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Dan , Yang Quan , Sun Siwen , Dai Zhenwei , Li Zhengzheng , Liang Xuemei , Chen Chaoqun , Jiao Yuexia , Zhi Lili , Zhao Lianmei , Zhang Jinrui , Liu Xuefeng , Zhao Jinyao , Li Man , Wang Yang , Qi Yangfan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCellular senescence provides a protective barrier against tumorigenesis in precancerous or normal tissues upon distinct stressors. However, the detailed mechanisms by which tumor cells evade premature senescence to malignant progression remain largely elusive. Here we reported that RBM4 adversely impacted cellular senescence to favor glutamine-dependent survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells by dictating the activity of LKB1, a critical governor of cancer metabolism. The level of RBM4 was specifically elevated in ESCC compared to normal tissues, and RBM4 overexpression promoted the malignant phenotype. RBM4 contributed to overcome H-RAS- or doxorubicin-induced senescence, while its depletion caused P27-dependent senescence and proliferation arrest by activating LKB1-AMPK-mTOR cascade. Mechanistically, RBM4 competitively bound LKB1 to disrupt the LKB1/STRAD/MO25 heterotrimeric complex, subsequently recruiting the E3 ligase TRIM26 to LKB1, promoting LKB1 ubiquitination and degradation in nucleus. Therefore, such molecular process leads to bypassing senescence and sustaining cell proliferation through the activation of glutamine metabolism. Clinically, the ESCC patients with high RBM4 and low LKB1 have significantly worse overall survival than those with low RBM4 and high LKB1. The RBM4 high/LKB1 low expression confers increased sensitivity of ESCC cells to glutaminase inhibitor CB-839, providing a novel insight into mechanisms underlying the glutamine-dependency to improve the efficacy of glutamine inhibitors in ESCC therapeutics.
Gasdermin D independent canonical inflammasome responses cooperate with caspase-8 to establish host defense against gastrointestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection
Authors: Eeckhout Elien , Hamerlinck Lisa , Jonckheere Veronique , Van Damme Petra , van Loo Geert , Wullaert Andy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCitrobacter rodentium is an enteropathogen that causes intestinal inflammatory responses in mice reminiscent of the pathology provoked by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections in humans. C. rodentium expresses various virulence factors that target specific signaling proteins involved in executing apoptotic, necroptotic and pyroptotic cell death, suggesting that each of these distinct cell death modes performs essential host defense functions that the pathogen aims to disturb. However, the relative contributions of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in protecting the host against C. rodentium have not been elucidated. Here we used mice with single or combined deficiencies in essential signaling proteins controlling apoptotic, necroptotic or pyroptotic cell death to reveal the roles of these cell death modes in host defense against C. rodentium. Gastrointestinal C. rodentium infections in mice lacking GSDMD and/or MLKL showed that both pyroptosis and necroptosis were dispensable for pathogen clearance. In contrast, while RIPK3-deficient mice showed normal C. rodentium clearance, mice with combined caspase-8 and RIPK3 deficiencies failed to clear intestinal pathogen loads. Although this demonstrated a crucial role for caspase-8 signaling in establishing intestinal host defense, Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice remained capable of preventing systemic pathogen persistence. This systemic host defense relied on inflammasome signaling, as Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice with combined caspase-1 and -11 deletion succumbed to C. rodentium infection. Interestingly, although it is known that C. rodentium can activate the non-canonical caspase-11 inflammasome, selectively disabling canonical inflammasome signaling by single caspase-1 deletion sufficed to render Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice vulnerable to C. rodentium-induced lethality. Moreover, Casp8–/–Ripk3–/– mice lacking GSDMD survived a C. rodentium infection, suggesting that pyroptosis was not crucial for the protective functions of canonical inflammasomes in these mice. Taken together, our mouse genetic experiments revealed an essential cooperation between caspase-8 signaling and GSDMD-independent canonical inflammasome signaling to establish intestinal and systemic host defense against gastrointestinal C. rodentium infection.
Gut microbiome responds compositionally and functionally to the seasonal diet variations in wild gibbons
Authors: Li Qi , Fei Han-Lan , Luo Zhen-Hao , Gao Shao-Ming , Wang Pan-Deng , Lan Li-Ying , Zhao Xin-Feng , Huang Li-Nan , Fan Peng-Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWild animals may encounter multiple challenges especially food shortage and altered diet composition in their suboptimal ranges. Yet, how the gut microbiome responds to dietary changes remains poorly understood. Prior studies on wild animal microbiomes have typically leaned upon relatively coarse dietary records and individually unresolved fecal samples. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study integrating 514 time-series individually recognized fecal samples with parallel fine-grained dietary data from two Skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) groups populating high-altitude mountainous forests in western Yunnan Province, China. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed a remarkable seasonal fluctuation in the gibbons’ gut microbial community structure both across individuals and between the social groups, especially driven by the relative abundances ofLanchnospiraceaeandOscillospiraceaeassociated with fluctuating consumption of leaf. Metagenomic functional profiling revealed that diverse metabolisms associated with cellulose degradation and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production were enriched in the high-leaf periods possibly to compensate for energy intake. Genome-resolved metagenomics further enabled the resolving metabolic capacities associated with carbohydrate breakdown among community members which exhibited a high degree of functional redundancy. Our results highlight a taxonomically and functionally sensitive gut microbiome actively responding to the seasonally shifting diet, facilitating the survival and reproduction of the endangered gibbon species in their suboptimal habitats.
Using genomic scars to select immunotherapy beneficiaries in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Donker H. C. , van Es B. , Tamminga M. , Lunter G. A. , van Kempen L. C. L. T. , Schuuring E. , Hiltermann T. J. N. , Groen H. J. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), response to immunotherapy is difficult to predict from pre-treatment information. Given the toxicity of immunotherapy and its financial burden on the healthcare system, we set out to identify patients for whom treatment is effective. To this end, we used mutational signatures from DNA mutations in pre-treatment tissue. Single base substitutions, doublet base substitutions, indels, and copy number alteration signatures were analysed in $$m=101$$

m
=
101

patients (the discovery set). We found that tobacco smoking signature (SBS4) and thiopurine chemotherapy exposure-associated signature (SBS87) were linked to durable benefit. Combining both signatures in a machine learning model separated patients with a progression-free survival hazard ratio of 0.40$$_{-0.17}^{+0.28}$$

-
0.17

+
0.28

on the cross-validated discovery set and 0.24$$_{-0.14}^{+0.31}$$

-
0.14

+
0.31

on an independent external validation set ($$m=56$$

m
=
56

). This paper demonstrates that the fingerprints of mutagenesis, codified through mutational signatures, select advanced NSCLC patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, thus potentially reducing unnecessary patient burden.