bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations for Suspected Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (HNSCCUP): A National Cohort Study
Authors: Hardman John C. , Constable James , Williamson Andrew , Dobbs Sian , Hogan Christopher , Hulse Kate , Khosla Shivun , Milinis Kristijonas , Tudor‐Green Ben , Paleri Vinidh ,   INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma from unknown primary (HNSCCUP) is a rare and challenging condition. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic pathways of suspected HNSCCUP patients in the United Kingdom.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was conducted, over 5 years from January 2015, in UK Head and Neck centres of consecutive adults undergoing 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET‐CT (PET‐CT) within 3 months of diagnosis with metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with no primary site on examination and no previous head and neck cancer were eligible.ResultsData for 965 patients were received from 57 centres; 68.5% were HPV‐related disease. Three investigation cycles were observed: ultrasound with biopsy, cross‐sectional imaging (MRI and/or CT) and PET‐CT, at median times of 17, 29.5 and 46 days from referral. No primary was identified on PET‐CT in 49.8% (n = 478/960). Diagnostic tonsillectomy was performed in 58.2% (n = 278/478) and tongue base mucosectomy (TBM) in 21.7% (n = 104/479). Ipsilateral tonsillectomy carried the highest diagnostic yield (18.7%, n = 52/278), followed by TBM (15.4%, n = 16/104). Contralateral tonsillectomy, performed in 49.0% (n = 234/478), carried the lowest yield (0.9%, n = 2/234). PET‐CT with concurrent MRI was associated with higher primary site detection than PET‐CT with concurrent CT (p = 0.003). A minority of patients undergoing treatment with curative intent received first‐definitive‐treatment within 62 days of referral (15.2%, n = 77/505, median 92 days, IQR: 71–117).ConclusionsMost patients experienced a protracted diagnostic pathway and waited over 3 months for definitive treatment. Earlier PET‐CT with concurrent MRI may expedite diagnosis. TBM appears more productive than contralateral tonsillectomy for primary site detection.
Co‐Benefits From Species‐Level Conservation Contribute to Multilateral Environmental Agreement Targets
Authors: de Wit Luz A. , Akre Karin L. , O'Mara M. Teague , Flanders Jon , Nakamoto Michael , Frick Winifred F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTConservation investments do not operate within a zero‐sum paradigm, but instead provide opportunities for co‐benefits across sustainable development and conservation goals. Recognizing the interconnectedness of conservation efforts within socioenvironmental systems can amplify support for conservation actions, ultimately creating additional co‐benefits across the social, ecological, and economic sectors. As an ecologically diverse taxonomic group with broad conservation needs, we explore how conserving bats contributes to both biodiversity and society's economic and social needs. We align bat conservation goals with Global Biodiversity Framework targets and explore their contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The benefits of targeted bat conservation actions extend beyond species‐level conservation goals and the preservation of bat‐derived ecosystem services, encompassing broader contributions to global sustainability goals. Our findings underscore the potential for conservation investments to generate positive outcomes across multiple sectors, fostering sustainability and resilience within socioenvironmental systems.
The influence of preoperative fat distribution on post‐bariatric surgery body mass index and body weight loss
Authors: Lu Shi‐jing , Wang Yan‐yun , Zhang Tao‐tao , Zhang Xiang‐wen , Liu Si‐bo , Miao Xiu‐qin , Zhao Guo‐hua , Wang Yong , Chen Hai‐long 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe body weight following bariatric surgery is a primary concern for both healthcare professionals and surgical candidates. However, it remains unclear whether variations in preoperative fat distribution influence weight loss outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal fat distribution on postoperative weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reduction, and to clarify the role of different fat depots in weight loss outcomes.MethodsPreoperative data from patients with overweight or obesity, along with their weight records at 1, 2 and 5 years following surgery, were retrospectively collected. Multiple levels of abdominal fat areas were measured using computerized tomography imaging. Statistical analyses included Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regressions, ridge regressions, decision tree regressions and paired t tests to evaluate the associations and influences.ResultsA total of 139 patients were initially included. The statistical analysis results indicated that umbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was an independent factor influencing weight and BMI loss at the 1‐year follow‐up (n = 67, p < 0.01). Furthermore, umbilical SAT demonstrated significant correlations with sustained BMI reduction over the long term.ConclusionUmbilical SAT is a significant factor in postoperative weight and BMI loss. Patients with greater SAT may experience more substantial weight and BMI reductions following surgery, offering new insights into personalized weight loss strategies and alternative approaches for assisted weight loss.
Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network During Opioid Use and Cessation in Treatment‐Seeking Persons
Authors: Dandurand Jade , Stein Michael , Surprenant Britni , Kim Somin , Sarles‐Whittlesey Heidi , Grimone Kristin , Herman Debra , Abrantes Ana M. , Sweet Lawrence H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResting‐state functional connectivity analyses have been used to examine synchrony in neural networks in substance use disorders (SUDs), with the default mode network (DMN) one of the most studied. Prior research has generally found less DMN synchrony during use and greater synchrony during cessation, although little research has utilized this method with opioid use. This study examined resting brain activity in treatment‐seeking persons who use opioids at two points—when using opioids and when opioid‐free—to determine whether the DMN exhibits different levels of connectivity during opioid use and cessation and whether differences in connectivity predict subsequent relapse. The sample included 11 participants who met DSM‐5 criteria for opioid use disorder and initiated buprenorphine treatment following fMRI scans that were approximately 3 days apart. Results showed greater functional connectivity in the DMN and the rIFG of the salience network (SN) when participants were abstaining than when actively using opioids. These changes in connectivity predicted 76.2% of the variance in withdrawal symptom severity, with the DMN nodes accounting for an additional 30.9%. Findings warrant further longitudinal exploration of the role of DMN connectivity and its interactions with other networks in relation to abstinence and withdrawal status and examination of its utility as a prognostic marker of cessation or relapse.
Soil Health and Challenges to Sustainable Soil Management in Denmark: Stakeholder Perceptions
Authors: Pulido‐Moncada Mansonia , Thorsøe Martin Hvarregaard , Miranda‐Vélez Jorge F. , Graversgaard Morten , Munkholm Lars J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMaintaining soil health is essential to ensuring an adequate food supply and preserving the environment. Insights from multiple stakeholder inquiries can provide a more nuanced understanding of conditions for soil health to support the adoption of sustainable soil management practices to meet national and regional goals. This article aimed to gather insights from stakeholders' perceptions of soil health and the state of soil knowledge in Denmark. Seven stakeholder inquiries, collected through a series of recent European soil research activities, were synthesised to identify perceptions of soil health, concerns about soil challenges and needs for harmonising production and use of knowledge related to sustainable soil management. Each inquiry was analysed individually, and common themes were discussed across topics. The data showed that the ecosystem service framework related to soil health was not evenly familiar across stakeholder categories. Identified concerns for soil health included climate change effects, knowledge transfer, economic pressure/risk, and soil challenges. The top ‘priority’ soil challenges identified were improving soil organic matter/peat soil, avoiding soil compaction and improving nutrient retention/use efficiency. Soil knowledge gaps related to soil challenges included: multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary long‐term experiments, site‐specific measures, science–policy–stakeholder interactions and knowledge feasibility at the farm level. Identified barriers preventing wider adoption of sustainable management practices included farm applicability of practices, farmers' engagement, knowledge sharing and lack of regulations for challenges such as soil compaction. Farmers were also concerned about the time and effort required to learn new practices, especially as it relates to their work/life balance and the challenge of implementing sustainable practices on commercial farms while ensuring profitability. These concerns might partially arise from knowledge gaps between stakeholder categories. Raising awareness of sustainable practices and addressing current and future risks such as pests and weather extremes are crucial for policy and stakeholder engagement.
Riluzole is associated with reduced risk of heart failure
Authors: Kim Kibum , Kim Sodam , Katana Margaret , Terentyev Dmitry , Radwański Przemysław B. , Munger Mark A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundReduction of intracellular Na+ accumulation through late Na+ current inhibition has been recognized as a target for cardiac Ca2+ handling which underlies myocardial contractility and relaxation in heart failure (HF). Riluzole, an Na+ channel blocker with enhancement of Ca2+‐activated K+ channel function, used for management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is effective in suppressing Ca2+ leak and therefore may improve cardiac function.ObjectivesThe study aim was to investigate whether riluzole lowers HF incidence.MethodsRates of HF incident were compared using a commercial insurance and Medicare supplement claims databases. Patients with a filled riluzole prescription (treatment) between 06/2009 and 12/2019 were compared to those with no‐riluzole (control). We excluded HF patients during the 180‐day baseline period. Study endpoint was the first HF diagnosis from the index riluzole prescription or ALS diagnosis. HF onset was compared between the propensity score matched treatment and control cohorts.ResultsThe matched cohort consisted of 4060 pairs of riluzole/control patients. The 24‐month cumulative incidence of HF onset for riluzole versus control patients was 4.96% versus 7.27%, calculating hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI, p‐value] of 0.55 [0.40–0.76, p < 0.01]. The HR estimates favoring riluzole over the ALS control were consistent across the 3 months to 2‐year follow‐up. The clinically and statistically significant effect on HF onset was driven by the lower rate of HFrEF with the 2‐year HR [95% CI] of 0.46 [0.21–0.99].ConclusionsRiluzole is associated with a lower rate of HF onset, suggesting a potential prevention strategy for early management.
Effect of changing the internal structure on the mechanical properties of three‐dimensional‐printed custom tray material: An in vitro study
Authors: Erdem Cafer Anıl , Çelik Öge Selin , Ekren Orhun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe main challenges to the widespread clinical application of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed customized trays include cost and time limitations. This study examined how changing the internal structure of 3D‐printed materials used for customized trays affects flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), manufacturing time, and material weight. Specimens (64 × 10 × 3.3 mm) were printed using a light‐sensitive liquid resin. The internal structures of control specimens were completely filled, whereas the internal structures of test groups comprised vertical bars spaced 1 mm (Test 1) or 2 mm (Test 2) apart. Specimens were weighed and then subjected to a three‐point bending test to evaluate their FS and FM. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test, with Weibull analysis applied to FS values. Control specimens had the highest FS (106 ± 4 MPa), while Test 2 specimens demonstrated the highest FM (6101 ± 1407 MPa). No significant differences were found between Test 1 and Test 2 specimens in FS or FM. Test 2 specimens had the lowest mean weight (1440 ± 42 mg). Manufacturing times were 80 min for control and Test 1 specimens and 60 min for Test 2 specimens. Including spaces in the internal structure of 3D‐printed custom tray material saves material and manufacturing time while maintaining mechanical properties.
Benefits and burdens of daily sacrifices and commitment in same‐ and different‐gender couples: Explorations of proximity and direction of effects
Authors: Totenhagen Casey J. , Curran Melissa A. , Randall Ashley K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch and theory document links between sacrifices and commitment in couples, yet the direction of effects remains unclear. Whereas interdependence theorists suggest that sacrifices help couples to build commitment, other scholars have suggested that being committed leads partners to sacrifice for each other. Nearly all research in this area has focused on men and women in different‐gender relationships with each other. We contribute to this literature by using dyadic daily diary data to examine associations between sacrifices and commitment as they unfold in a sample of same‐ (n = 85 couples; 170 individuals) and different‐gender (n = 100 couples; 200 individuals) couples. We use concurrent and lagged models to examine (a) proximity of effects (same day vs. carrying over to next day) and (b) direction of effects (i.e., do sacrifices predict changes in commitment, and/or vice versa). Results showed that effects were largely proximal—only one significant lagged effect emerged—and these were specific to actor effects. Furthermore, effects were bidirectional, and different patterns emerged for same‐ and different‐gender couples. For same‐gender couples, sacrifices and commitment were negatively associated. For different‐gender couples, on days they reported performing more sacrifices they reported higher commitment, but when they reported higher commitment, they reported doing fewer sacrifices the following day. Results highlight the importance of examining diverse couples specific to questions of proximity and direction of effects for sacrifices and commitment.
Raising Their Voices Against Patriarchy: The Dynamic Use of Women's Leadership Styles for Progressing Gender Equality in Unions
Authors: Cornejo‐Abarca Paula , Ugarte Sebastian M. , Martin‐Caballero Angel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study delves into the nuances of women's leadership skills and tactics within Chilean unions, assessing their progress in gender equality bargaining following the 2017 quota reform for women union leaders. Focusing on banking, retail, and mining industries, it tackles internal and external equality dimensions, challenged by an evident power asymmetry between men and women and the foundations of a patriarchal system. Through qualitative, semi‐structured interviews with unionist women and experts, the research unveils the dynamic and instrumental use of leadership styles (“heroic” and “post‐heroic”) employed by women to navigate these challenges. Activism, empowerment, knowledge acquisition, confrontation, and collaboration emerge as crucial components. The paper advocates for a holistic approach beyond quotas, emphasizing the need for sustained gender progress in Chilean unions. The comparative analysis enriches academic discourse, amplifying diverse women's leadership experiences and their impactful roles in challenging gender injustices and reshaping organizational culture.
Small whiteface (Leucorrhinia dubia: Odonata) reintroduction update highlights the importance of long‐term monitoring and regular habitat management
Authors: Šigutová Hana , Bílková Eva , Ožana Stanislav , Dolný Aleš 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Freshwater insects, including odonates, have rarely been the target of reintroduction programmes. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of post‐release monitoring, information on factors affecting the long‐term survival of reintroduced populations is lacking.
In 2001, the threatened dragonfly Leucorrhinia dubia (Odonata: Libellulidae) was reintroduced into the peatbog in Czechia, and the population had been monitored for fifteen years. The last survey of its demography was conducted in 2017. The present study investigates the current condition of that population by combining exuvial sampling with the capture‐mark‐recapture method for adults. We also focused on the physical features of the habitat and the ability of the population to colonise newly created habitat patches.
The current population size is stable (105 exuviae and 96 adults) and comparable to previous monitoring. The acidic bog pools that had been hosting the population since its establishment have undergone succession and disappeared. The remaining single original pool is supporting a considerable proportion of the population (68.6%). In 2016, new pools were created. These alkaline pools with a vegetation composition different from the original pool have been colonised by L. dubia but also predatory newts. Given that their attractiveness to the species is comparable to the original pool, but their reproductive outcome is poorer, the new pools may act as ecological traps.
Reintroductions can be effective in preserving threatened odonates. Continuous monitoring and site management, considering the impact of interventions on the entire community, is essential to sustain the reintroduced population over the long term.
A Missed Opportunity? Exploring Changes in Influenza Vaccination Coverage During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Data From 12 Countries Worldwide
Authors: Del Riccio Marco , Guida Andrea , Boudewijns Bronke , Heemskerk Susanne , van Summeren Jojanneke , Schneeberger Caroline , Stelma Foekje , van der Velden Koos , Timen Aura , Caini Saverio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaccination is a key measure in influenza control, yet global coverage rates remain low, although previous research reported an increase in influenza vaccination coverage rates (VCR) after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aims to assess whether these changes were sustained over time by analyzing VCR trends from 2012 to 2023 in the countries included in the FluCov project.MethodsData on influenza VCR from 2012 to 2023 for different age and risk groups were extracted from national health organizations and international sources for countries included in the FluCov project. For coverage rates in the older adults, segmented regression models were used to test if 2020 marked a significant change in VCR trends. Moreover, polynomial regression models were fitted for each country with VCR in the period 2012 to 2020 to predict coverage rates for 2021 to 2023 and to compare these to the actual coverage rates for 2021 to 2023.ResultsFor the elderly, we retrieved influenza VCR data for 12 countries. In 2020, VCR among elderly increased in 10 countries, but the increase was statistically significant in Spain and England only. Moreover, all countries except Spain reverted to levels within the confidence intervals of trends modeled using pre‐2020 data.ConclusionsAlthough influenza VCR increased in 2020, these changes were statistically significant in only two out of 12 countries, and no consistent, sustained increase was observed afterward, except in Spain. The findings suggest the need for continuous monitoring of VCR and the implementation of strategies to promote and maintain high vaccination coverage rates.
Orderly Regulation of Macrophages and Fibroblasts by Axl in Bleomycin‐Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Li Yupeng , Yang Shengnan , Chen Yicong , Wu Kaiwei , Geng Jing , Liu Peipei , Wang Zai , Dai Huaping , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPulmonary fibrosis is a pathological manifestation that occurs upon lung injury and subsequence aberrant repair with poor prognosis. However, current treatment is limited and does not distinguish different disease stages. Here, we aimed to study the differential functions of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressing on both macrophages and fibroblasts, in the whole course of pulmonary fibrosis. We used mice with Axl total knockout, conditionally knockout in macrophages or fibroblasts, or treating with Axl inhibitors in inflammation or fibrosis stages to examine the effect of temporary dysfunction of Axl on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. Primary bone marrow–derived monocytes and primary fibroblasts from mice were used for cell‐type–specific studies. Lung tissue and plasma samples were collected from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and healthy controls to assess the Axl levels. We found that Axl inhibited the M1 polarisation of macrophages; inhibition of Axl during acute phase exacerbated inflammatory response and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, Axl promoted the proliferation and invasion of the fibroblasts, partially by accelerating the focal adhesion turnover; inhibiting Axl during the fibrotic phase significantly alleviated pulmonary fibrosis. Consistently, phosphorylated Axl levels increased in fibrotic foci in the lung sample of IPF patients. In contrast, the soluble Axl (sAxl) level decreased in their plasma as compared to healthy controls. These results indicate that Axl may sequentially and differentially regulate macrophages and fibroblasts in acute and fibrosis phases, implying the necessity of a stage‐specific treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, the activated Axl on fibroblasts may be reflected by the lowered plasma sAxl level, which may act as a biomarker for IPF.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03730337
Inhibition of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression Through the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis via MiR206‐3p Sponge
Authors: Xuan Xuezhen , Li Yaling , Cao Genmao , Hu Jie , Yan Sheng , Jin Haijiang , Qiao Maolin , Zhang Ruijing , Dong Honglin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNotably, the C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12/C‐X‐C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signalling pathway's activation is markedly increased in a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Nonetheless, the precise contribution of this pathway to AAA development remains to be elucidated. The AAA mouse model was induced by local incubation with elastase and oral administration of β‐aminopropionitrile. The activity level of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was evaluated in both human AAA patients and the mouse model. Smooth muscle cell lineage tracing determined the expression and localisation of CXCR4 in normal aorta and AAA tissue. By transfecting the MiR206‐3p sponge to reduce the level of MiR206‐3p in AAA, the effects of the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway on AAA progression as well as the apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were studied in vivo and in vitro. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis, serum ELISA, and in vivo experiments indicate a pronounced activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in both AAA patients and the mouse model. Specific blocking of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis significantly inhibited further expansion and rupture of the abdominal aorta and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aorta and inhibited the phenotypic transformation of contractile VSMCs into a macrophage‐like state. Our findings propose that MiR206‐3p sponge represents an innovative therapeutic strategy to attenuate AAA progression and rupture risk, primarily through the suppression of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling pathway.