bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TECHNIQUES OF EHEALTH-BASED INTERVENTIONS ON SODIUM REDUCTION AMONG ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Yan Yongyang , Chan Man Lee , Wang Man Ping , Kwok Jojo Yan Yan , Lee Jung Jae 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of eHealth-based interventions on sodium and blood pressure reduction in adults, and identify study characteristics and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) associated with greater sodium reduction effects.

Design and method:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in 5 databases including RCTs published from January 2000 to September 2022. The 24-hour urinary sodium (24HUNa, primary outcome of this review), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were meta-analysed using random-effects models. I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity among studies, with I2 > 50% considered substantial heterogeneity. Publication bias and robustness of the results were evaluated by the Egger test and sensitivity analysis, respectively. The contents of sodium reduction interventions were mapped to BCT Taxonomy (V1). Subgroup analyses of 24HUNa were performed according to study characteristics, including participants’ health status (hypertension vs. heart failure vs. healthy adults), urinary measurement (24-hour urine vs. spot urine), trial period (1-6 months vs. 7-12 months vs. 13-18 months), intervention mode (individual- vs. group-based), and BCTs.

Results:
Twenty-eight RCTs (5720 participants, mean age: 54.72 ± 10.80) were included. eHealth-based interventions significantly reduced 24HUNa (mean difference, MD = - 0.34 g/24 hours, 95% CI: - 0.45 to - 0.23; I2 = 49%, equivalent to 0.85 g/salt reduction per day) and SBP (MD = - 2.84 mmHg, 95% CI: - 4.02 to - 1.66; I2 = 35%), but not DBP (MD = - 0.93 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.95 to 0.08; I2 = 56%). No publication bias was detected. The effects on 24UHNa and SBP remained significant in sensitivity analyses. Twenty-nine BCTs were identified and predominantly were goal setting and behaviour feedback. Subgroup analyses showed using BCTs (goal setting, problem solving, feedback on behaviour, self-monitoring of behaviour, instruction on how to perform the behaviour, or demonstration of the behaviour) associated with a large significant reduction in sodium intake. No significant differences were observed for other study characteristics.

Conclusions:
eHealth-based interventions effectively reduced sodium intake and SBP in adults. The identified useful BCTs for sodium reduction should be tested in future trials.
GLUCOMANNAN AND RED RICE EXTRACT REDUCE BLOOD LIPID LEVELS IN OVERWEIGHT PATIENTS
Authors: Jakovljevic Branko , Paunovic Katarina , Stojanov Vesna , Lovic Dragan 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
This study aims to explore the changes in blood lipid levels, body composition, and blood pressure in healthy middle-aged overweight people with mild hypercholesterolemia following the 45-day intake of a dietary supplement containing both glucomannan and red rice extract.

Design and method:
The survey was designed as a single-arm non-randomized, non-blind intervention study. 31 study participants consumed a dietary supplement containing dietary fibers (Konjak glucomannan, E425ii) and red rice extract (Monascus purpureus) for 45 days. Participants were asked not to change their current diet. Their body weight, body composition, and blood pressure were measured every two weeks. Blood lipids were tested at the beginning and at the end of the intervention.

Results:
After 45 days, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (by 16-18%), LDL cholesterol (by 20-24%), and triglyceride levels (by 11-23%) in both genders. In addition, women lost on average about 1 kilogram of body weight, 1.5 kilograms in body fat, and decreased their body mass index by 0.5 kg/m2. No changes in body composition were observed among men, but their systolic pressure decreased by six mmHg on average.

Conclusions:
Concurrent use of glucomannan and red yeast rice extract resulted in a significant reduction in blood lipid levels in both genders. It could be a safe and effective treatment option for the population of healthy middle-aged overweight people with mild hypercholesterolemia.
SALT-INDUCED VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION INVOLVES REDOX ACTIVATION OF PARP/TRPM2 SIGNALLING AND INFLAMMASOME ASSEMBLY
Authors: Alves-Lopes Rheure , Neves Karla , Montezano Augusto C. , Samji Sheon , Delles Christian , Touyz Rhian M. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Many individuals with essential hypertension are salt sensitive. High salt diet (HSD) has deleterious effects on the vasculature by mechanisms not fully elucidated. We explored molecular mechanisms, focusing on pro-inflammatory pathways whereby HSD influences vascular function in hypertension focusing on PARP-regulated TRPM2, a redox-sensitive Ca2+ channel, and the inflammasome. In particular we assessed if HSD induces a pro-oxidant environment leading to PARP-induced TRPM2-activation, Ca2+ influx and inflammasome assembly, leading to vascular damage and hypertension.

Design and method:
C57BL/6 mice were treated with normal or 4% high salt diet (HSD) for 5 weeks. Vascular function/structure was assessed in mesenteric arteries mounted in wire/pressure myography. VSMCs from rodents and humans were exposed to normal (145 mM) and high salt medium (180 mM) (HSM).

Results:
In presence of HSM, VSMCs present increased ROS generation (Control:0.7033±0.05 vs HSM:1.243±0.09) and PARP activation (Control: 94.25±6.67 vs HSM: 369.6±79.46), effect no longer observed in presence of ROS scavenger tiron, and antioxidant PEG-catalase. HSM induces Ca2+ influx in VSMCs (Control: 25562±880.48 vs HSM: 30925±1263.85), effect reversed by tiron, PARP inhibitor (olaparib) and TRPM2 blocker (8-br). NLRP3 activation (IL-1beta and Il-18 production) in VSMCs is increased by HSM (IL18 - Control: 93.82±1.97 vs HSM:127.30±6.57; IL-1 beta Control: 99.86±2.49 vs HSM: 125.30±3.43) HSM, effect followed by myosin light chain phosphorylation, which is dependent on ROS, PARP and TRPM2 activation. Animals treated with HSD present increased systolic BP (Control: 121.3±2.15 vs HSD: 134.90±3.04), outward hypertrophic remodelling and increased vascular contractility, effect reversed by PARP and NLRP3 inhibitors.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, HSD-induced hypertension involves ROS generation leading to activation of PARP-TRPM2 axis, increased calcium influx, NLRP3 activation and consequent vascular hypercontractility. We define novel pathways linking HSD to pathophysiological mechanisms underlying salt-sensitive hypertension.
IMPACT OF NON-DIPPING PATTERN AND NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION ON LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS INDEX IN UNTREATED WHITE-COAT HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS
Authors: Dragonas Damianos , Spiliopoulou Sotiria , Tsoutsoura Nefeli , Lykka Aikaterini , Dimitriou Athina , Manios Efstathios 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Several studies have demonstrated that subjects with white-coat hypertension (WCH) have an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcome and target organ damage (TOD) progression compared to normotensives. The potentially detrimental effect of non-dipping or nocturnal hypertension on TOD has not been fully elucidated in subjects with WCH. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of both dipping status and nocturnal hypertension on the left ventricle mass index (LVMI) of WCH individuals.

Design and method:
A total of 387 untreated WCH subjects underwent echocardiographic measurements. LVM was estimated using Devereux's formula according to the Penn Convention Protocol. LVMI was defined as LVM divided by the body surface area. The study population was divided into dippers (blood pressure (BP) nocturnal fall >10%) and non-dippers (BP nocturnal fall <10%) as well as into nocturnal hypertensives (nighttime systolic BP> = 120mmHg or nighttime diastolic BP> = 70mmHg) and nocturnal normotensives (nighttime systolic BP<120mmHg and nighttime diastolic BP<70mmHg). Statistical analysis was performed by means of independent-samples t-test, chi-square test and linear regression.

Results:
The percentages of non-dippers and nocturnal hypertensives in WCH subjects were 49% and 28%, respectively. The variables associated with LVMI in the univariate analyses were: age, male gender, body mass index, 24-hour diastolic BP and non-dippers. The multivariate regression analyses demonstrated significant associations of LVMI with the following factors: age (B = 5.760, 95% CI: 3.282 to 8.239; p<0.001), male gender (B = 10.941, 95% CI: 5.756 to 16.125; p<0.001), body mass index (B = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.138 to 1.232; p = 0.014), 24-hour diastolic BP (B = -6.634, 95% CI: -11.212 to -1.456; p<0.011) and non-dippers (B = 8.415, 95% CI: 3.449 to 13.380; p = 0.001). Non-dipping pattern was correlated to an increase of 8.415 g/m2 in the LVMI in WCH subjects.

Conclusions:
Non-dipping status is positively and independently associated with LVMI in untreated WCH patients. In contrast, statistically significant association between nocturnal hypertension and LVMI was not observed.
EDUCATION LEVEL AND OBESITY IN WOMEN LIVING IN THE CROATIAN RURAL AREA DAMAGED BY AN EARTHQUAKE. “THE SILENT KILLER HUNT PROJECT”- CROATIAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION PROJECT
Authors: Vujanic Sara , Bilic Katarina , Prgomet Luka , Skelin Juraj , Vogrinc Dora , Vuksic Antonia , Zeljko Lucija , Jelakovic Bojan 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The rates of obesity and the resultant morbidities are rising worldwide, making it a high-priority health issue for the medical community. Obesity prevalence varies depending on several factors, one of which is educational level and stress.
Our goal was to determine the relationship between the level of education and body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference and visceral fat percentage of women in the Croatian rural area damaged by an earthquake.

Design and method:
We analyzed the association between the level of education and BMI, mid-upper arm circumference and visceral fat percentage of 170 women (opportunistic screening). A structured questionnaire was prepared, and it included questions about the years of formal education. Weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and visceral fat were measured by using a metabolic scale with a body composition monitor.

Results:
In our studied female population the average value of BMI was 29. 8 ± 6. 04 kg/m2, mid-upper arm circumference was 31. 6 ± 3. 30 cm and visceral fat percentage was 10. 5 ± 3. 87 %. By dividing the observed population into 2 subsets based on educational status (low educated and highly educated) there was a noticeable difference between the measured variables. Mean values of BMI, mid-upper arm circumference and visceral fat percentage in highly educated and low educated categories were 28. 2 ± 6. 25 kg/m2, 30. 5 ± 4. 14 cm, 8. 88 ± 3. 35 % and 30. 4 ± 5. 9 kg/m2, 32. 0 ± 4. 32 cm, 11. 1 ± 3. 89 %, respectively. Each of these factors had statistical significance with the following p values: BMI p <0.040, mid-upper arm circumference p <0.049, visceral fat percentage p <0.001.

Conclusions:
Our results have shown that BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, and visceral fat percentage are higher in women with the lower level of education. This observation highlights the role of patient education in our endeavors to improve health and quality of life on a population level. Average values are higher than in other rural parts of Croatia indicating that earthquake stress further contributed to obesity.
THE ASSOCIATION OF HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY: WHAT IMPACT ON THE LONGITUDINAL SYSTOLIC FUNCTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE
Authors: Bendiab Nabila Taleb , Benkhedda Salim , Ouabdesselam Souhila 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Hypertension and obesity are well known each result in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Indeed, there is ample evidence that the accumulation of adipose tissue in obese subjects negatively affects the left atrial and ventricular structure, as well as diastolic and systolic function. Predisposing factors for heart failure with preserved LVEF are advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity.
The development of the 2D strain has made it possible to make an early diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Design and method:
This work consists of performing in a series of 128 hypertensive patients divided into two subgroups: 58 obese patients and 70 patients with normal BMI. A complete cardiographic echo study was performed in both subgroups, including LVEF by Simpson biplane method, calculation of indexed left ventricular mass and parietal relative thickness, analysis of diastolic function and finally study of longitudinal LV deformation by speckle tracking technique.

Results:
We note in this work that dyslipidemia and diabetes were significantly more prevalent in the HTA+obesity arm. The average blood pressure figures were slightly higher in the HTA+obesity arm.
LVH was clearly predominant in the HTA+obesity arm with a more consequent decrease in the longitudinal contraction index. In obese hypertensive patients, LVH was most often concentric (53.4%). An increase in filling pressures was found in 11 obese hypertensive patients compared to only 4 non-obese hypertensive patients (p = 0.0001), with a good correlation with the decrease in GLS.
These results suggest that increased BMI is closely associated with atrioventricular interaction in patients with hypertension, with a perfect correlation with impairment of longitudinal systolic function and diastolic function compared to the control group.

Conclusions:
Although the pathophysiological mechanism behind obesity is disputed, several possible explanations have been proposed: obesity has been considered a state of chronic volume overload, increased blood volume, neurohormonal activation, thus increasing oxidative stress. Therefore, obesity is associated with mild ventricular dilation (eccentric remodeling). However, this finding is in contrast to other studies that associate obesity with a concentric rather than eccentric remodeling of the LV.
DYSLIPIDEMIA AND HYPERGLYCEMIA IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ASSOCIATE WITH GNB3 (RS5443) AND NOS3 (RS2070744) GENES’ ALLELIC STATE
Authors: Sydorchuk Andrii , Sydorchuk Larysa , Voroniuk Ksenia , Semianiv Marianna , Sydorchuk Ruslan , Kushnir Oksana 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
More than 700 million people worldwide live with untreated essential arterial hypertension (EAH). The objective of the study was to evaluate the risks of metabolic disorders in EAH patients depending on guanine nucleotide-binding protein-↓3 subunit (GNB3, rs5443) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3, rs2070744) genes’ allelic state.

Design and method:
The cohort case-control study involved 100 EAH patients (moderate-very high cardiovascular risks, aged 45-65 years) and 48 practically healthy (control). Metabolic disorders were evaluated by glucose blood value and lipids panel: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), Low-, and High- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) levels. The atherogenic index (AI) was calculated by the equation: (TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C. GNB3 (rs5443) and NOS3 (rs2070744) genotyping perfrmed by TaqMan probes in CFX96 Real-Time PCR Detection System.

Results:
Hyperglycemia (>6.1 mmol/l), hypertriglyceridemia (TG>1.7 mmol/l) and decreased HDL-C (<1.2 mmol/l) were relatively more common in EAH patients than in the control group by 36.11% (⇙2 = 17.88; p<0.001), 23.61% (⇙2 = 6.43; p = 0.011) and 25.0% (⇙2 = 8.32; p = 0.004) respectively. Therefore, the fasting hyperglycemia increases the EAH risk in the examined population ninefold [OR95%CI:2.86-27.08; p<0.001], hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL-C elevates the risk almost 3 and 3.5 times as well [OR95%CI:1.23-5.56; p = 0.009 and OR95%CI:1.46-8.71; p = 0.003], respectively. The risk of metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia) in EAH patients does not depend on NOS3 gene polymorphism (rs2070744).
Contrary, in T-allele patients of the GNB3 gene (rs5443) prevailed subjects with elevated LDL-C (>3.0 mmol/l) over those with CC-genotype by 13.89% (p = 0.05). Other parameters of lipid metabolism and hyperglycemia did not differ significantly between GNB3 (rs5443) genes allelic state. However, the mutational T-allele of the GNB3 gene (825C>T) increases the risk of hyperlipidemia 8.5 times [OR 95%CI:0.99-72.70; p = 0.05] due to atherogenic LDL-C, with the protective role of CC-genotype [OR = 0.12; OR 95%CI:0.01-1.0; p = 0.048].

Conclusions:
Fasting hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and lowered HDL-C, enhance the arterial hypertension risk 3-9 times (p<0.01). The polymorphic site of GNB3 (rs5443) gene, but not NOS3 (rs2070744) gene associate with hyperlipidemia in hypertensive patients.
APE1/REF-1 AFFECTS ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION BY REGULATING ADIPOGENIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN 3T3-L1 CELLS
Authors: Lee Eunok , Joo Hee -Kyoung , Lee Yu -Ran , Kim Sungmin , Lee Kwon -Ho , Lee Sang -Do , Jeon Byeong -Hwa 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA repair and redox regulation. The redox activity of APE1/Ref-1 is involved in inflammatory responses and regulation of DNA binding of transcription factors related to cell survival pathways.

Design and method:
To determine the changes in APE1/Ref-1 expression during the adipogenic differen-tiation of preadipocytes, we investigated APE1/Ref-1 expression on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation (Figure 1A)
To evaluate the effect of APE1/Ref-1 on MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells were transfected with adenovirus expressing APE1/Ref-1.
Having established that overexpression of APE1/Ref-1 suppressed adipocyte differ-entiation, the effect of gene silencing of APE1/Ref-1 during MDI-induced adipocyte differ-entiation was evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells with transfection of APE1/Ref-1 siRNA.
Finally, the effect of E3330, a redox inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1, on adipocyte differentiation was evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells.

Results:
In this study, we investigated the effect of APE1/Ref-1 on the regulation of adi-pocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. During adipocyte differentiation, APE1/Ref-1 expression sig-nificantly decreased with the increased expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and the adipocyte differentiation marker adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) in a time-dependent manner. However, APE1/Ref-1 overexpression inhibited C/EBP-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and aP2 expression, which was upregulated during adipocyte differentiation. In contrast, silencing APE1/Ref-1 or redox inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 using E3330 increased the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBP-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and aP2 during adipocyte differentiation.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that endogenous APE1/Ref-1 is downregu-lated during adipocyte differentiation, whereas overexpression of APE1/Ref-1 inhibits ad-ipocyte differentiation; in contrast, silencing APE1/Ref-1 and redox inhibition using E3330 promotes adipocyte differentiation through the modulation of expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors. Overall, these results suggest that the redox function of APE1/Ref-1 exerts an anti-adipogenic function by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation.
THE INFLUENCE OF EXCESSIVE WEIGHT GAIN ON DISTURBANCE OF THE UTERINE-PLACENTAL BLOOD FLOW IN PREGNANT WOMAN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kerimkulova Aiman , Medubayeva Madina , Latypova Natalia , Markabayeva Akbayan , Nurpeissova Riza , Idrissov Alisher , Zholdybay Aigerim , Abilkasym Zhansaya 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the development of violations of uterine-placental blood flow depending on weight gain during pregnancy in women with arterial hypertension.

Design and method:
A prospective cohort examination of 110 pregnant women with arterial hypertension (including chronic and gestational arterial hypertension) and 80 women of the control group (practically healthy women without increasing blood pressure) was conducted. The study was conducted on the basis of perinatal centers of Astana (Kazakhstan) in 2018-2019. The weight gain for the period of pregnancy in women with hypertension and control groups was studied. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and weight gain for the period of pregnancy in the studied groups.

Results:
One of the main causes of the development of complications during pregnancy by the fetus is a violation of uterine-placental blood circulation (UPC), which depends not only on blood pressure levels. Disorders of the UPC were detected in pregnant women with hypertension and control groups of 20% and 2.5%, respectively (p = 0.0003). In pregnant women with hypertension, the odds ratio of chances of the development of UPC disorders increased by 4.4 times compared to the pregnant woman of the control group. Excessive increase in body weight during pregnancy in pregnant women with hypertension was detected in 16% and in the control group 5% (p = 0.018). The relative probability of developing a violation of the UPC with an excessive increase in the weight of a pregnant woman with hypertension soared by 50%. In the control group of pregnant women with a normal pressure level, excess weight gain was detected in 6.3% and there were no violations of the UPC.

Conclusions:
According to the results of the study, in pregnant women with hypertension, violations of the UPC were significantly more common compared to the control group. The odds ratio of the chances of developing uterine-placental blood flow surges by 4.4 times in pregnant women with hypertension compared to pregnant women with a normal level of pressure. Excessive weight gain in pregnant women with hypertension increases the development of impaired UPC.