bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteremia following different oral procedures: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martins Carolina C. , Lockhart Peter B. , Firmino Ramon T. , Kilmartin Catherine , Cahill Thomas J. , Dayer Mark , Occhi‐Alexandre Ingrid G. P. , Lai Honghao , Ge Long , Thornhill Martin H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the timing, duration and incidence of bacteremia following invasive dental procedures (IDPs) or activities of daily living (ADL). Eight databases were searched for randomized (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (nRCTs) evaluating bacteremia before and after IDPs or ADL in healthy individuals. The risk of bias was assessed by RoB 2.0 and ROBINS‐I. For the meta‐analysis, the primary outcomes were the timing and duration of bacteremia. The secondary outcome was the incidence of bacteremia, measuring the proportion of patients with bacteremia within 5 min after the end of the procedure compared with baseline. We included 64 nRCTs and 25 RCTs. Peak bacteremia occurred within 5 min after the procedure and then decreased over time. Dental extractions showed the highest incidence of bacteremia (62%–66%), followed by scaling and root planing (SRP) (44%–36%) and oral health procedures (OHP) (e.g., dental prophylaxis and dental probing without SRP) (27%–28%). Other ADL (flossing and chewing) (16%) and toothbrushing (8%–26%) resulted in bacteremia as well. The majority of studies had some concerns RCTs or moderate risk of bias nRCTs. Dental extractions, SRP and OHP, are associated with the highest frequency of bacteremia. Toothbrushing, flossing, and chewing also caused bacteremia in lower frequency.
Transferring measurable residual disease measurement in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia from quantitative real‐time PCR to digital droplet PCR
Authors: Luib Luise , Kreyenberg Hermann , Michaelis Sebastian , Handgretinger Rupert , Mezger Markus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince the measurement of measurable residual disease (MRD) is part of clinical routine examination for children affected with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), continuous efforts are made to improve its method, applicability and accuracy. Whereas quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is considered as the gold standard for MRD detection and endowed with international guidelines for implementation and evaluation, these do not yet exist for digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). However, advantages are seen in droplet partitioning for MRD measurement to allow absolute quantification without depending on reference samples.MethodsIn this study, 17 MRD targets of nine patients with childhood B‐ALL were analyzed with qPCR and ddPCR, respectively. All patients were assigned to high risk group and had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and CD19 antibody therapy for relapse prevention. Starting with the sequences and guidelines of qPCR and optimizing the protocol for ddPCR, the MRD targets could also be measured precisely with this novel method, using the same primer and probe sets as for qPCR.ResultsThe already established MRD protocol of qPCR could be transferred to ddPCR and all 17 MRD targets were measured in dilution series reaching comparable Limit of detection levels with both PCR methods.ConclusionsWith a given qPCR protocol and some experience in conventional MRD monitoring, it is conceivable to transfer the procedure of MRD measurement to ddPCR technology. Our data is in line with other studies which are summarized and discussed here as well to facilitate the transfer of MRD diagnostics to ddPCR.
Perspectives of oral health therapists on the barriers to oral care provision in nursing homes in Singapore: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Ho Shenna Yu‐En , Walsh Laurence James , Pradhan Archana , Yang Jingrong , Lopez Silva Claudia Patricia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionOral health therapists (OHTs) are a valuable resource for increasing access to dental care for the frail elderly in nursing homes (NHs). However, OHTs face several barriers and their skill‐set continues to be under‐utilized.AimsTo evaluate the perceptions of OHTs regarding the barriers towards oral care provision for the elderly residents in NHs.MethodologySemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 OHTs to discuss the factors that may hinder them from providing oral health services in NHs. An inductive thematic analysis directed by the grounded theory approach was performed.ResultsFour major themes emerged: (i) lack of opportunity, (ii) lack of adequate education and training, (iii) limited work scope and registration status, and (iv) lack of adequate financial remuneration and adequate equipment. OHTs also raised the lack of awareness among OHTs and the various stakeholders, of how the skill‐set of OHTs may be relevant for oral care provision in NHs.ConclusionFindings revealed underlying educational and regulatory barriers which need to be addressed in tandem. Addressing these barriers can be impactful in informing future strategies for the greater utilization of the skill‐set of OHTs in Singapore.
Activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during high‐speed running: A descriptive multichannel surface EMG study
Authors: Suskens Jozef J. M. , Tol Johannes L. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Maas Huub , van Dieën Jaap H. , Reurink Gustaaf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during high‐speed running. The objective was to compare within and between muscle activity, relative contribution and hip and knee joint angles at peak muscle activity during high‐speed running.MethodsThrough multichannel electromyography, we measured muscle activity in male basketball players during high‐speed running on a treadmill at 15 locations: five for biceps femoris long head, four for semitendinosus, and six for semimembranosus. Muscle activity was calculated for each location within each hamstring muscle individually for each percent of a stride cycle.ResultsTwenty‐nine non‐injured basketball players were included (mean age: 17 ± 1 years; mass, 85 ± 9 kg; height, 193 ± 9 cm). Heterogeneous activity was found for all individual hamstring muscles across multiple events of the stride cycle. In the late‐swing phase, muscle activity and relative contribution of the semimembranosus was significantly higher than of the semitendinosus. There was no significant difference in hip and knee joint angles at instant of peak muscle activity, assessed locally within individual hamstring muscles, as well as in general over the whole hamstring muscle.ConclusionHamstring muscles were most active in the late‐swing phase during high‐speed running. In this phase, the semimembranosus was most active and the semitendinosus was least active. Within the biceps femoris long head, the most proximal region was significantly more active in the late‐swing phase, compared to other muscle regions. For each muscle and location, peak muscle activity occurred at similar hip and knee joint angles.
Interface Capturing Flow Boiling Simulations in a Compact Heat Exchanger
Authors: Iskhakova Anna , Kondo Yoshiyuki , Tanimoto Koichi , Dinh Nam T. , Bolotnov Igor A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High-fidelity flow boiling simulations are conducted in a vertical mini channel with offset strip fins (OSF) using R113 as a working fluid. Finite-element code PHASTA coupled with level set method for interface capturing is employed to model multiple sequential bubble nucleation using transient three-dimensional approach. The code performance is validated against experiments for a single nucleation site in a vertical rectangular channel. To assess code performance, a study on the bubble departure from the wall in a mini channel with OSF is carried out first. Contributions from the microlayer are not considered due to low heat flux values applied to the channel (1 kW/m2). The influence of surface characteristics, such as contact angle and liquid superheat on bubble dynamics, is also analyzed as well as the local two-phase heat transfer coefficient. For higher void fractions, two conical nucleation cavities are introduced in the same channel with OSF. Observed bubble characteristics (departure diameter, bubble departure frequency) are evaluated and bubble trajectories are presented and analyzed. The local heat transfer coefficient is then evaluated for each simulation. The results show approximately a 2.5 time increase in the local heat transfer coefficient when the individual bubbles approach the wall. With smaller bubble nucleation diameters, the heat transfer coefficient can increase by up to a factor of two. Thus, the current work demonstrates the flow modeling capability of the boiling phenomena in complex geometry with OSF.
Probabilities of Agreement for Computational Model Validation
Authors: Ledwith Matthew C. , Hill Raymond R. , Champagne Lance E. , White Edward D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDetermining whether a computational model is valid for its intended use requires the rigorous assessment of agreement between observed system responses of the computational model and the corresponding real world system or process of interest. In this article, a new method for assessing the validity of computational models is proposed based upon the probability of agreement (PoA) approach. The proposed method quantifies the probability that observed simulation and system response differences are small enough to be considered acceptable, and hence, the two systems can be used interchangeably. Rather than relying on Boolean-based statistical tests and procedures, the distance-based probability of agreement validation metric (PoAVM) assesses the similarity of system responses used to predict system behaviors by comparing the distributions of output behavior. The corresponding PoA plot serves as a useful tool for summarizing agreement transparently and directly while accounting for potentially complicated bias and variability structures. A general procedure for employing the proposed computational model validation method is provided which leverages bootstrapping to overcome the fact that in most situations where computational models are employed, one’s ability to collect real world data is limited. The new method is demonstrated and contextualized through an illustrative application based upon empirical data from a transient-phase assembly line manufacturing process and a discussion on its desirability based upon an established validation framework.
Integration of Data Science Into Thermal-Fluids Engineering Education
Authors: Hu Han , Heo Connor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To improve the integration of data science into thermal fluids education, a technical elective course is developed to introduce a wide range of machine learning and deep learning algorithms to engineering students, including principal component analysis, multiplayer perceptron, convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, reinforcement learning (RL), generative algorithms (GA), and generative adversarial networks for mechanical engineering applications, including visualization-based physical quantity predictions, dynamic signal classification, and prediction, data-driven control of dynamical systems, surrogate modeling, dimensionality reduction, among others. The lectures cover the fundamental concepts and examples of developing machine learning models using Python and MATLAB. To facilitate students’ practice of applying data science in solving mechanical engineering progress, this course has touchpoints in several key areas of mechanical engineering, including fluid mechanics, heat transfer, materials science, design, and dynamics/control. Twenty-five students, including seven undergraduate and eighteen graduate students, took the course and the outcomes are very fruitful and encouraging. A variety of data science algorithms have been leveraged to solve mechanical engineering research problems, including generative designs of air-cooled heat sinks, Gaussian process regression for battery lifetime prediction and femtosecond laser manufacturing parameters, GA for two-phase cooling heat exchanger design, coupled PCA and LSTM for microcapsule deformation prediction, CNN for boiling regime classification and laser-manufactured textures classification, bidirectional recurrent neural networks basecalling of DNA and RNA sequences, coupled PCA and MLP porous medium morphology classification, RL for the control of soft robotics. The course has so far led to 25 student-centered machine learning projects, two conference papers, and an Honors thesis.
Characterization of Additively Manufactured Metals from ADDere Printing
Authors: Foster Joshua , Kumpaty Subha , Coen Liam , Perkins Al , Gengler Michael , Woida Scott 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Midwest Engineered Systems Inc. has created a novel laser wire metal deposition process, ADDere manufacturing. ADDere has a much higher deposition rate than powder bed fusion, making it ideal for large components. In this project, the mechanical properties of ADDere printed materials were tested and compared to typical values found in ASM publications to show the quality of materials manufactured by the ADDere printing process. A detailed material analysis was performed on samples made from Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH stainless steel. This work builds upon an earlier study of samples made from 17-4 PH that were produced using a single direction pattern. In this project, the 17-4 PH samples were printed in a cross hatched pattern, and testing results were compared to existing data from single direction samples of the previous research. The Ti-6Al-4V samples were created in two builds. One using the unidirectional method and the other with the crossed pattern. Testing specimens were removed from the samples using a water jet cutter and further machined into ASTM tensile bars and metallurgic mounts to perform a thorough material evaluation. The Ti-6Al-4V sample met the expected values in the ASM literature, and the cross hatched 17-4 PH exhibited a higher hardness and better microstructure than the single direction samples from the previous work. It was also observed that when the Ti64 samples were manufactured in the cross hatched pattern, the properties indicated slight improvement and more homogeneity than those printed in single layer direction. The obtained results indicate that ADDere’s printing process can produce highly refined materials that are customizable with their expected uses. This work showcases an excellent industry collaboration of an undergraduate research experience.
Effect of Curing Parameters on Warp in the SLA Printing Process
Authors: Schmitz Anne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heat during the ultraviolet (UV) curing step of stereolithographic (SLA) printing can affect dimensional accuracy. The goal of this study was to quantify how curing affects warp. Six warp curtain specimens were printed out of a Draft material using a Form 2 SLA printer. After printing, the specimens were washed in isopropyl alcohol to remove any uncured resin. Two of the specimens were left uncured after the washing step. Two of the specimens were cured with no heat and two specimens cured with heat. Next, a high-resolution camera was used to take a picture of each specimen and digitize five layers. A line was fit to each horizontal set of points and used to calculate a warp index. Curing significantly decreased warp between the non-cured specimen and specimen cured with no heat by 0.16 (p = 0.023). The specimen cured with heat was also lower than the uncured specimen by 0.18 (p = 0.017). No difference was observed in warp between the specimens cured with or without heat (p = 0.758). However, these changes in warp did not prove practically significant as the differences were less than the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the system. The warp indices were found to be less than 1 in all specimens, smaller than the literature on warp in polyamide (PA) of up to 4. Warp in these SLA parts is likely small since there is no uneven heating between layers during the printing process.
Coupling Sampling-Based Tolerance-Cost Optimization and Selective Assembly – An Integrated Approach for Optimal Tolerance Allocation
Authors: Roth Martin , Seitz Markus Johannes , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Optimization has gained increased attention in product development and is nowadays profitably used to solve complex design problems. In tolerance design, tolerance-cost optimization is a systematic and efficient approach to allocate part tolerance values in a cost-optimal way. The usage of sampling-based tolerance analysis techniques thereby enables the consideration of machine-specific part tolerance distributions as well as individual batch sizes and thus facilitates a concurrent allocation of tolerances and machines. With the aim to further exploit its potential by embedding assembly aspects, this article presents a novel approach combining tolerance-cost optimization and optimal selective assembly. Based on an initial introduction of its general idea, a global optimization problem is defined to simultaneously identify the best combination of tolerance values, machines with their batch sizes and sorting orders of the individual batches. Subsequently, its solution using metaheuristic optimization algorithms and mixed-integer variables is presented. The theoretical findings are finally confirmed by its exemplary application to a use case indicating that it can reveal hidden cost improvement potentials in tolerance design.
Analysis of Grinding Parameters in Machining IBR of Aero-Engine
Authors: Zhao T. , Shi Y. Y. , Zhang Z. Q. , Pu Y. S. , He Z. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widespread applied in aero-engine components, such as blisk and blades. The surface quality of these components has a remarkable impact on aero-engine in aerodynamic performance and service life. Residual stress and surface roughness are considered as the most representative parameters for evaluating the surface quality. Therefore, in order to analyze the effect of grinding parameters on surface quality and improve the surface quality of components, the grinding parameters, including wheel rotational speed, feed rate, processing depth and abrasive size, were choose, and the influence of each parameter on surface roughness and residual stress were investigated. Besides, the grey relational grade analysis was used to analyze grinding parameters. Finally, through verifying the optimization results, the optimal processing parameters for grinding Ti-6Al-4V alloy were obtained. The results reveals that the surface quality of blade has been improved greatly (73.9% reduce in surface roughness and 26.3% increase in residual stress).
Flame Propagation Analysis of Anhydrous and Hydrous Ethanol in an Optical Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Pinheiro-Martins Fernanda , Teixeira Lacava Pedro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the intrinsic differences in in-cylinder combustion in low load and low-speed conditions by applying experimental and numerical techniques. The experimental apparatus consisted of an AVL5406 SI-PFI single-cylinder with optical access operating under two different fuel delivery methods: Port Fuel Injection (PFI) and Direct fuel Injection (DI) with anhydrous ethanol (E100) and hydrous ethanol (E96W4).
The outcomes of the engine-like conditions tests were evaluated based on the quantitative analysis of the flame propagation and on the thermodynamic data obtained using INDICOM. A Video Scope VS4-1845HS high-speed camera providing cycle resolved UV-visible digital image captured the natural emission of the flame for each test. Forthwith image acquisition, the flame propagation characteristics were post-processed through image segmentation techniques. Finally, relevant literature was revised to support the results and findings obtained at this time.
The contribution of this study to the internal combustion engines research remains in gathering more information about in-cylinder flame front propagation and combustion stability for E96W4 and E100 ethanol under partial load and stoichiometric and lean conditions.
Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping Driven Flow and Heat Transfer in a Flexible Minichannel
Authors: Ramachandran Deepak Selvakumar , Lee Hyoungsoon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerical investigation of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping driven fluid flow and heat transfer in a flexible minichannel has been performed. The two-way coupled set of governing equations for fluid flow, heat transfer, electric potential, and charge transport are programmed into the existing finite-volume framework of OpenFOAM. A two-species charge transport model which considers the field-enhanced dissociation due to Onsager-Wien effect has been adopted. The ability of EHD conduction pumping mechanism to induce flow in straight and curved configurations of a minichannel are demonstrated. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are quantified in terms of mean velocity, maximum velocity, maximum wall temperaturen and mean Nusselt number. Even at low applied voltages (≤ 1kV), EHD conduction pumping is able to induce flow and heat transfer in the minichannel, in both the configurations. At 1kV applied voltage, the fall in heat transfer in 90° bent configuration is only 4%, as compared to that in the straight minichannel. Results of this study reveal that EHD conduction based pumping is a viable option in flexible minichannel heat sinks.
Maintenance Centered on Exergy and Exergoeconomic Indicators of a Preheat Train of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit
Authors: Fajardo Juan , Negrette Camilo , Cardona Camilo , Yabrudy Daniel , Barreto Deibys 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Established or create new ones to plan the cleaning tasks of the heat exchangers. In this work, a maintenance strategy is developed for a preheating train under the Maintenance Centered on Energy Efficiency (MCEE) philosophy, where it is sought to integrate the information of the principles of the second law of thermodynamics with economic variables to use parameters. The modification of the maintenance justification parameter (J) is proposed, adding to the introduction of two new maintenance indicators (W and X). Each one seeks to evaluate an essential criterion for the maintenance area: economic viability, technical feasibility, and benefits. Towards the other exchangers in the network after cleaning a specific component. A criticality diagram and a criticality matrix are used. The heat exchangers are grouped into sub-assemblies, with the leading group consisting of the key heat exchangers (KHEX), the elements of which have a significant impact on the efficiency of the preheat train. For their part, the regions are composed of components whose performance is less considerable than that of the KHEX. In total, 34 maintenance activities will be carried out, distributed among the 25 interchanges of the network. The planning of a program of cleaning activities according to the maintenance strategy based on the philosophy of the MCEE establishes a substantial scientific contribution due to the almost null existence of exergetic studies applied to the management of maintenance tasks and focused mainly on the preheating of trains.