bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predisposing factors that influence access to healthcare by the residents in Kiandutu urban informal settlement, Kiambu county, Kenya
Authors: Kikuvi Charlotte Ndunge , Osero Justus , Mwangi Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Background: Access to healthcare refers to the ability to get the required medical care from the health service providers when needed. This is further defined into three aspects: availability of the services, affordability of the services, and acceptability of the services. The settings in informal settlements highlight the abject poverty which perpetuates ill health, with the poor being less likely to report health problems and seek medical treatment in the event of illness.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional design was used to study 318 selected participants from Kiandutu slum in Kiambu County. Data was collected using administered structured questionnaire, focussed group discussion and key informant interview. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0 and involved univariate and bivariate analysis. Chi-square were used to test the significance of the association between the dependent and independent variables (p<0.05). Qualitative data was analyzed by thematic content analysis.
Results: Findings showed that access to healthcare was influenced by religion (ꭙ2=4.193; df=1; p<0.041), education level (ꭙ2=7.854; df=2; p<0.020), income (ꭙ2=6.921; df=2; p<0.031) and distance to the facility (ꭙ2=25.818; df=2; p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Affordability and availability of the health services was the main challenge on health seeking behaviour. Education level and religion were associated with access to healthcare. Income earning and distance to the health facility outside informal settlement influenced access to healthcare.
Comparative study of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19 among MBBS Prof 1 students of two successive years in Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Richa , Beenu  , Dwivedi Garima 
Published: August 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. Three waves of COVID 19 have hit us so far. With repeated waves of any disease, it has been observed that panic in the community and healthcare personnel decreases and knowledge and attitude towards the disease and diseased improves. Keeping this in mind, the following study was conducted with the following objective. Aim of this study was to assess and compare knowledge, Attitude and Practices of students of MBBS phase I of two consecutive years- 2020 batch and 2021 batch regarding COVID-19.
Methods: Data was collected from two successive MBBS first professional batch students by using questionnaire and assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice was done on the basis of scoring system described by Kaliyaperumal.
Results: It was observed that among phase I MBBS students (2020 batch) majority i.e. 55.89% were having medium level of knowledge, with a range of score 11‐15. While among phase I MBBS students (2021 batch), majority i.e. 62.82% were having high knowledge score in the range of 16-21. Regarding the attitude scores, majority of students in both the batches (52.82% in phase I (2020 batch) and 65.45% in phase I (2021 batch)) were having good attitude (score >6). Practice scores were mostly satisfactory (score 3-5) among both batches’ MBBS students.
Conclusions: The study revealed that the attitude among students was good while knowledge and practice were satisfactory.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNO DEPRESSIVO MAIOR APÓS 5 ANOS DO DIAGNÓSTICO DE INFECÇÃO PELO HIV
Authors: D’Alascio Caio Gomes , Kauling João Vitor , Alberton Letícia Zanatta , Abitante Morgana Sonza 
Published: August 2023

Resumo:
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes infectados pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) com Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM). Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo com coleta de dados primários e abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação de um questionário preparado pelos autores e do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) a pacientes diagnosticados com HIV no ano de 2015, que são acompanhados no Programa de Atenção Municipal às DSTs/HIV/AIDS (PAMDHA), em Criciúma, Santa Catarina. O estudo foi realizado com 6 indivíduos. Desses, 5 eram do sexo feminino e 1 era do sexo masculino. A idade média dos entrevistados foi de 47,3 (±10,5) anos, e o escore médio no BDI foi 21,3 (±13,69). Por meio do estudo, pode-se observar uma prevalência maior de sintomas depressivos nos indivíduos portadores de HIV do que quando comparada à população geral. Além disso, foi vista correlação dos sintomas depressivos entre a renda mensal, o nível de escolaridade e o sexo feminino. O estudo foi importante para estimular mais pesquisas na área, visto que os transtornos depressivos são subdiagnosticados nos indivíduos portadores de HIV e podem alterar aspectos importantes como a adesão ao tratamento, comportamentos de risco e qualidade de vida. As limitações deste estudo relacionam-se com seu delineamento, que dificultou a abordagem dos indivíduos caracterizados na população-alvo.
Palavras-chave: transtorno depressivo; HIV; síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida
Comparing Active Auditors viewpoints in Public and Private Sector over Determining Basic Materiality Levels in Auditing
Authors: Farajzadeh Ali Asghar , Azizzadeh Tahereh 
Published: August 2023

Materiality is a threshold quality in accounting which has priority over other qualitative characteristics of financial information. In other word, financial information are important in decision-making only when they are important with respect to this to definition, omission or altering these significant information can change the judgments and decisions ofÂ logical user over the affairs of a business entity. The purpose of this research was to identify the auditors` ideas in private and public sector over basic materiality levels and compare the perspective of these two groups over these levels. The statistical population of this research is managers in auditing firm, partners in auditing institutions. According to Kukran formula, the sample volumes of this research are 84 people. The results indicate that, there is a meaningful difference between high and low important levels from the viewpoint of active auditors in private and public sectors. This means that there is no consensus between these two groups in determining high materiality level. In other words, in determining the low important level, the average viewpoint of auditors in auditing organization in relation to private sector is minimum. We concluded that public sector's auditors are more conservative than the ones in private sector.
Impact of Perinatal Co-exposure to Chlorpyrifos and a High-Fat Diet on Kisspeptin and GnRHR Presence and Reproductive Organs
Authors: Lahimer Marwa , Djekkoun Narimane , Tricotteaux-Zarqaoui Sophian , Corona Aurélie , Lafosse Isabelle , Ben Ali Habib , Ajina Mounir , Bach Véronique , BenKhalifa Moncef , Khorsi-Cauet Hafida 
Published: August 2023

Emerging evidence has indicated the involvement of extra-hypothalamic kisspeptin and GnRHR in reproductive function. In this study, we evaluate if maternal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or a high-fat diet (HFD) have an impact on the expression of kisspeptin and GnRHR in reproductive organ of offspring’s rats. 16 Pregnant rats are divided into 4 groups, control group (n=4), CPF group (4 rats exposed daily to 1/mg/kg/day), HFD group (4 rats randomly fed a 5,25 kcal/g HFD), co-exposed group (4 rats exposed to CPF and HDF). At postnatal development PND60, males and female offspring were sacrificed. The reproductive organs (ovary and testis) were removed and histological, immunohistological analysis and in silico quantification (software Tissuefax, HistoQuest) was assessed to investigate the impact of different treatment on kisspeptin and GnRHR expression in reproductive organs. The main outcomes of the study showed a significant decrease in rat offspring’s body weight in CPF group from PND30 andPND60 (p&amp;lt;0.05 and p&amp;lt;0.01, respectively). Histological analysis shows a significant increase in atretic follicle and abnormal testis structure with germ cell desquamation at CPF exposed group. The immunodetection quantification of protein shows a significant decrease in GnRHR and kisspeptin in HFD and CPF exposed group, respectively in testis rat offspring. Perinatal exposure to CPF and HFD exposure affect the reproduction function of rat offspring.
A Facile Growth, Optical Behavior of Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal—4-Bromo-2-Methylbenzonitrile
Authors: P Preeda , R Ganapathi Raman , Pandurengan Sakthivel , Thirumurugan Arun , Sagadevan Suresh 
Published: August 2023

By slowly evaporating 4-bromo-2-methylbenzonitrile at room temperature, it was possible to make a single organic nonlinear optical crystal. The grown crystal&#039;s crystalline nature was verified, and the unit cell characteristics are provided as a = 4.08Å, b = 6.61 Å, c = 28.93Å, α = 90º, β = 90º, γ = 90º. The functional groups of the crystal produced were identified using the FTIR and FT-Raman spectra. The UV cutoff wavelength is found at 221.6 nm, and the transparency nature of the crystal was analyzed in the optical studies. The band gap of the grown crystal was estimated using the Taucs’ plot. The violet and red emissions of photoluminescence are discussed. A high dielectric constant was received at a low frequency. The TG/DTA curve shows that the grown crystal was stable up to 125.59 ºC. The Kurtz-Perry powder technique was applied to confirm the Second Harmonic Generation&#039;s (SHG) nature. By using the agar diffusion method, the antibacterial property of the grown 4B2MBN crystal was determined.
Glenoid Bone Loss in Recurrent Shoulder Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Min Kyong S. , Horng Jonathan , Cruz Christian , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Patzkowski Jeanne 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Glenoid bone loss has been reported to occur in as many as 86% of patients with recurrent shoulder stability. This systematic review evaluated the amount of glenoid bone loss associated with recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation and with worse patient-reported outcomes after arthroscopic Bankart repair. We hypothesized that the percentage of glenoid bone loss associated with recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair is lower than the previously proposed critical value of 25%.

Methods:
The systematic review included 528 patients with glenoid bone loss from 3 clinical studies. The percentage of bone loss was the value quantified and reported in each study. Failure was defined as recurrent dislocation or subluxation. The percentage of glenoid bone loss associated with recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation after arthroscopic Bankart labral repair was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
Recurrent dislocation or subluxation occurred in 23.7% (125) of 528 patients in the pooled study cohort. There was a significant difference in age between those in whom the arthroscopic Bankart repair failed and those in whom it did not (22.9 versus 24.3 years; p = 0.009). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that ≥16.0% glenoid bone loss was predictive of recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation (Youden index = 0.59, sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 80%). In patients who did not sustain a recurrent dislocation or subluxation, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that 20.0% glenoid bone loss was predictive of a Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score of <85% (Youden index = 0.93, sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 100%).

Conclusions:
The critical amount of glenoid bone loss associated with an increased risk of persistent instability was found to be less than previously reported. Glenoid bone loss of ≥16.0% was found to place patients at higher risk for recurrent shoulder dislocation or subluxation after treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair alone.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Konsep Tauhid dalam Kitab ‘AqῙdatul ‘AwᾹm Karya Syekh Sayid Ahmad Al-Marzuqi serta Relevansinya dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Fitroh Lailatul , Choiri Miftachul 
Published: August 2023

Tauhid adalah bagian dari rukun iman. Rukun iman adalah salah satu pondasi yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap orang yang beragama islam. Dalam memberikan pelajaran tauhid kepada setiap orang islam terdapat salah satu referensi yang dapat dijadikan sumber, yaitu Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm. Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm berisi tentang iman kepada Allah, iamn kepada Malaikat-Malaikat Allah, iman kepada Rasul Allah, iman kepada Kitab-Kitab Allah, iman kepada hari akhir dan iman kepada sifat bagi Allah. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti ingin melihat relevansi antara Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui KonsepTauhid dalam Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm serta relevansinya dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: (1) Untuk mengetahui Konsep Tauhid dalam Kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm karya Syekh Sayyid Ahmad Al-Marzuqi. (2) Untuk mengetahui relevansi konsep tauhid dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm dengan mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Library Research atau penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan literatur(kepustakaan), baik berupa buku, catatan, maupun laporan hasil penelitian dari penelitian terdahulu. Adapun analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari data primer dan dara sekunder. Adapun data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm. sedangkan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data tambahan yang menurut peneliti menunjang data pokok. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa: Konsep Tauhid dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm yaitu 5 rukun iman dan 20 sifat wajib bagi Allah SWT. Rukun iman yang terdapat dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm adalah iman kepada Allah SWT, Iman kepada Malaikat-Malaikat Allah SWT, Iman kepada Rasul Allah SWT, Iman kepada Kitab-kitab Allah SWT, Iman kepada Hari Akhir, dan sifat wajib bagi Allah SWT. Sedangkan dalam mata pelajaran akidah akhlak kelas 3 yaitu bab meneladani malaikat Allah dan tugasnya, Iman adanya surga dan neraka, dan Bab Asma’ul Husna, diantaranya yaitu Ar-Razzaq, Al-Wahhab, Al-Khabῑr dan Al-‘Adhῑm. Relevansi dalam konsep tauhid yang ada dalam kitab ‘Aqῑdatul ‘Awᾱm dengan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas 3 di MI, Yaitu beberapa sifat wajib bagi Allah SWT dan Beriman kepada malaikat dan sifat-sifatnya
Invariant manifold based nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for systems with multi-source disturbances via output-feedback
Authors: Chen Yunjun , You Rui , Zhang Lu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an invariant manifold based nonsingular terminal sliding mode control approach for systems subject to multi-source disturbances to achieve finite-time tracking in the case of only output measurement. By utilizing the invariant manifold, the mismatched disturbances are transferred into the lumped matched disturbance. A universal finite-time observer is designed to estimate the errors between actual states and their desired values, the steady-state of the control input as well as the lumped disturbance. Introducing the estimations, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is constructed. Based on Lyapunov’s theory, the rigorous stability analysis for the closed-loop system is given. Compared with the existing output-feedback sliding mode control, the proposed approach enables finite-time tracking in the presence of unknown derivatives of the reference signal and multi-source disturbances without requiring additional tracking differentiators. The proposed approach is applied to the DC-DC buck converter system, and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
How is ethnicity reported, described, and analysed in health research in the UK? A bibliographical review and focus group discussions with young refugees
Authors: Lam Joseph , Aldridge Robert , Blackburn Ruth , Harron Katie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The ethnicity data gap pertains to 3 major challenges to address ethnic health inequality: 1) Under-representation of ethnic minorities in research; 2) Poor data quality on ethnicity; 3) Ethnicity data not being meaningfully analysed. These challenges are especially relevant for research involving under-served migrant populations in the UK. We aimed to review how ethnicity is captured, reported, analysed and theorised within policy-relevant research on ethnic health inequities.
Methods
We reviewed a selection of the 1% most highly cited population health papers that reported UK data on ethnicity, and extracted how ethnicity was recorded and analysed in relation to health outcomes. We focused on how ethnicity was obtained (i.e. self reported or not), how ethnic groups were categorised, whether justification was provided for any categorisation, and how ethnicity was theorised to be related to health.
We held three 1-hour-long guided focus groups with 10 young people from Nigeria, Turkistan, Arab, Yemen and Iran. This engagement helped us shape and interpret our findings, and reflect on
1) How should ethnicity be asked inclusively, and better recorded?
2) Does self-defined ethnicity change over time or context? If so, why?
Results:
Of the 44 included papers, the majority (19; 43%) used self-reported ethnicity, categorised in a variety of ways. Of the 27 papers that aggregated ethnicity, 13 (48%) provided justification. Only 8 of 44 papers explicitly theorised how ethnicity related to health.
The focus groups agreed that 1) Ethnicity should not be prescribed by others; individuals could be asked to describe their ethnicity in free-text which researchers could synthesise to extract relevant dimensions of ethnicity for their research; 2) Ethnicity changes over time and context according to personal experience, social pressure, and nationality change; 3) Migrants and non-migrants’ lived experience of ethnicity is not fully inter-changeable, even if they share the same ethnic category.
Conclusions:
Ethnicity is a multi-dimensional construct, but this is not currently reflected in UK health research studies, where ethnicity is often aggregated and analysed without justification. Researchers should communicate clearly how ethnicity is operationalised for their study, with appropriate justification for clustering and analysis that is meaningfully theorised. We can only start to tackle ethnic health inequity by treating ethnicity as rigorously as any other variables in our research.
Socioeconomic and academic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students from the university of Rwanda
Authors: Ndamukunda Olga Nadege Uwera , Mutuyimana Marie Therese , Umubano Fabiola , Tuyishime Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of university students in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the socioeconomic and academic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students studying at the University of Rwanda, and the lessons learnt from the pandemic.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. An online survey using google form was sent to medical students in clinical training (year 3 till year 5) through snowball sampling method. We collected data on participants’ demographics, general knowledge on COVID-19 pandemic and perception on mitigation measures, and socio-economic and academic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used in excel 2015 software to calculate participants’ responses and categorical data were presented using frequencies and percentages.
Results
A total 187 participants completed the survey. Most participants described disruption in routine activities (72.7%), reduced travelling (69%), church closing (64.2%), and loss of freedom (57.2%) as examples of negative social impact. While financial uncertainty (64.7%), decrease in income (49.7%), and increase in poverty rate (42.2%) were the main economic impact. Issues with academic progress (95.7%), limited social life (56.1%), and repeating the year (42.8%) were examples of negative academic impact.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the COVID-19 had a negative social, economic, and academic impact on medical students at the University of Rwanda. These finding may guide the design of interventions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and to protect medical students against future pandemics and crises.
Plan-do-check-act was applied to improve the first success rate of radial artery catheterization in anesthesiology residents
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhao Shuchuan , Bai Fangjing , Yu Shanshan , Xu Guangmin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background:In the Department of Anesthesiology, radial artery puncture and catheterization is a basic skill for every doctor. Invasive arterial puncture directly measures the blood pressure value through the catheter, realizing real-time accurate monitoring of blood pressure fluctuation in critically ill patients, which provides the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment; at the same time, part of the test specimen can be retained through the end of the invasive arterial catheter, which reduces the complications brought about by frequent blood collection and puncture. Therefore, we need to improve the success rate of the first attempt of radial artery catheterization in anesthesiology standardized training residents.
Objective:Improving the success rate of first attempt radial artery cannulation in anesthesiology standardized training residents.
Methods:Forty anesthesia residents undergoing standardized residency training at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January to May 2023 were randomly divided into a control group and a PDCA group, with 20 residents in each group. The control group received standardized training with routine management and radial artery puncture and catheterization teaching; the PDCA group received training with PDCA cycle management and radial artery puncture and catheterization teaching. The success rate of the first attempt of radial artery cannulation, duration of radial artery cannulation, ultrasound use rate, whether the items were prepared with missing items and complication rate of the standardized training residents in the two groups were recorded and analyzed.
Results:One resident physician in the PDCA group did not participate in the assessment due to illness, so a total of 19 physicians in the PDCA group participated in the assessment, and all 20 physicians from the control group participated in the assessment.The first success rate of puncture in the PDCA group was 85% (17/20), which was significantly higher than that of 45% (9/20) in the control group (P=0.003).The time of radial artery cannulation after PDCA was 0.92(0.63,2.73) min, which was significantly shorter than that of 3.84(2.87,5.65) min in the control group (Z=4.68, P<0.05).The ultrasound utilization rate in the PDCA group was 45% (9/20), which was significantly higher than the 15% (3/20) in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in item preparation omissions, assessment scores, and complication rates in the PDCA group of residents in the operational assessment compared to the control group.
Conclusion:PDCA management helps to increase the success rate of radial artery cannulation on the first attempt, shorten the time to puncture and place the cannula, increase the rate of complete preparation of items, as well as reduce the rate of complications.