bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Sabun Kopi Bersama Kelompok Arisan Desa Pandau Jaya Kabupaten Kampar Riau
Authors: Helianty Sri , Zultiniar Zultiniar , Fitri Anisa , Akbar Fajril 
Published: May 2023

Sabun alami biasanya didefinisikan sebagai garam alkali dari asam lemak dari minyak nabati, seperti minyak kelapa, dengan penambahan aroma, rempah, bahan organik. Saponifikasi sodium dengan asam lemak dapat diselenggarakan secara dingin atau panas. Karakter sabun alami ditandai dari pewangi, warna, kesesuaian dengan kulit, kemampuan melembabkan, tingkat kekerasan dan kestabilan komposisi kimia dalam masa penyimpanan dan pemakaian. Seiring peningkatan konsumsi homemade dan ceruk pasar sabun alami di Riau, diperlukan artisan atau pembuat sabun alami berbasis ilmiah dan perguruan tinggi. Diantaranya, hasil kajian formulasi sabun kopi dan herbal tim riset mahasiswa Program Studi D3 dan dosen Jurusan Teknik Kimia FT UNRI. Minyak kelapa, kopi dan rempah merupakan bahan alami yang mudah didapat dengan harga terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Tim Teknik Kimia FT UNRI Pembuatan Sabun Kopi dan Herbal melalui kegiatan Pengabdian Mandiri mendampingi kelompok ibu ibu arisan Perum Pandau Permai untuk memiliki keterampilan dan pengetahuan tentang formulasi dan pembuatan sabun kopi dan herbal. Tim Pengabdian “Pembuatan Sabun Kopi” terdiri dari Sri Helianty, ST,MT, Dra Zultiniar Msi dan Nisa. Kegiatan ini disasar sebagai pemantik duplikasi artisan sabun alami dan memperbanyak produksi sabun alami berbahan baku minyak kelapa.
TATA KELOLA APARATUR PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN KAMPAR PASCA PENGALIHAN KE PEMERINTAH PUSAT
Authors: Erlinda  
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tata kelola aparatur khususnya Peyuluh KB pasca peralihan dankendala-kendala yang ditemui serta upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut.pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dengan para pengelola Aparatur di lingkungan BKKBN Perwakilan Provinsi Riau dan DPPKBP3A Kabupaten Kampar serta Penyuluh KB serta data sekunder melalui dokumen dan literatur yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlu dilakukan sosialisasi yang lebih luas terhadap peraturan pengelolaan Penyuluh KB baik terhadap Penyuluh KB itu sendiri maupun kepada instansi pengelola Penyuluh KB
Strategi Pengembangan desa wisata dengan pendekatan Participatory Rural Appraisal ( PRA) pada Nagari Talang
Authors: Azman Heru Aulia , Putri Siska Lusia , Sari Puti Embun 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the potential, problems and problem solving in Nagari Talang. In this research, the data collection used the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method, while the data analysis used the SWOT method. The PRA techniques used were Trend Charting and LivelihoodChanges, Institutional Studies (Venn Diagrams), Daily Activity Charts and Village Transects. The results of the study show the potential of the village in the form of land area, beautiful nature, good production of rice fields and good fields, abundant water supply, the existence of village institutions and BUMNag operating in Nagari and there are problems that occur such as not having complete and goodtourism supporting component (accessibility and amenities), yet the innovation on physical tourism activities. By using the SWOT analysis, it is identified that the strategic position of Nagari Talang is in quadrant II by emphasizing the Hold development strategy and maintain the market penetration policy and product development
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi, permasalahan dan pemecahan masalah di Nagari Talang. Penelitian ini dalam pengambilan datanya menggunakan metode Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) sedangkan analisa datanya menggunakan metode SWOT. Teknik PRA yang digunakan adalah Pembuatan Bagan Kecenderungan dan Perubahan Mata Pencaharian, Kajian Kelembagaan (Diagram Venn), Bagan Kegiatan Harian dan Transek Desa. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan potensi desa berupa luas lahan, alam yang indah ,produksi panen sawah dan ladang yang baik,pasokan air yang melimpah, adanya kelembagaan desa dan BUMNag yang beroperasi di nagari serta terdapat permasalahan yang terjadi seperti Belum memiliki komponen pendukung wisata ( aksesibilitas dan amenitas) yang lengkap dan baik, Belum memiliki inovasi terhadap aktivitas wisata secara fisik. Dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT maka teridentifikasi posisi strategis Nagari Talang berada pada kuadran II dengan menekankan strateg pengembangan Hold and maintain yang mengarahkan pada kebijakan market penetration dan Product development
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YAMA IN VASHISHTHA SAMHITA AND PATANJALI YOG SUTRA
Authors: Shah Ishita , Dave Nehal 
Published: May 2023

The Yamas and their complement represent a series of "right living" or ethical rules within Yoga philosophy. It means "reining in" or "control". These are restraints for proper conduct as given in the Vedas and the Yog Sutras. They are a form of moral imperatives, commandments, rules or goals. The Yamas are the "don't do these" list of self-restraints, typically representing commitments that affect one's relations with others and self.
The earliest mention of Yamas is in the Rigveda, and over fifty texts of Hinduism, from its various traditions, discuss Yamas. Patañjali lists five yamas in his Yoga Sūtras of Patanjali. Ten yamas are codified as "the restraints" in numerous Hindu texts, including Yajnavalkya Smriti, the Śāṇḍilya and Vārāha Upanishads, the Vashistha Samhita the Hatha Yoga Pradipika by Svātmārāma, and the Tirumantiram of Tirumular.
The Yamas apply broadly and include self-restraints in one's actions, words and thoughts.
A YAMA is a duty or observance recommended by yogic philosophy and teaching as part of the eight-limbed path of yoga. In Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, he outlines five yamas as his first "limb" of yoga.
The word, yama, originally meant "bridle" or "rein" and refers to the restraining nature of the yamas. These yamas are practices that are considered to be outer observances. They are a way of applying the behavioural codes of yoga to the way the yogi relates to the world. They are considered to be a valuable and highly relevant guide to help yogis live an ethical life.
Practicing the yamas is said to give the yogi the opportunity to live in a way that is healthier and more peaceful. They can improve relationships with others, strengthen character and help the yogi progress on his/her spiritual path. It is also believed to reduce or even prevent the accumulation of bad karma, which can be gathered when one lives without awareness or honesty.
Source attribution of near-surface ozone trends in the United States during 1995–2019
Authors: Li Pengwei , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Li Su , Li Ke , Wang Pinya , Li Baojie , Liao Hong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Emissions of ozone (O3) precursors in the United States have decreased in recent decades, and near-surface O3 concentrations
showed a significant decrease in summer but an increase in winter. In this study, an O3 source tagging technique is utilized in a
chemistry–climate model to investigate the source contributions to O3 mixing ratios in the US from various emitting sectors and regions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and reactive carbon species during 1995–2019. We show that domestic emission reductions from energy and surface transportation are primarily responsible for the decrease in summertime O3 during 1995–2019. However, in winter, the emission control also weakens the NOx titration process, resulting in considerable increases in O3 levels from natural sources. Additionally, increases in aviation and shipping emissions and transpacific transport of O3 from Asia largely contribute to the winter O3 increase. We also found that changes in large-scale circulation favoring O3 transport from the upper atmosphere and foreign transport from Asia also explain 15 % of the increase in the US near-surface O3 levels in winter.
Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using 137Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer
Authors: Inomata Yayoi , Aoyama Michio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. We analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in the 137Cs activity concentrations in global ocean surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using the HAMGlobal2021 (Historical Artificial radioactivity database in Marine environment, Global integrated version 2021) and other published data. The global ocean was divided into 37 boxes. When observing the 0.5-year median value of 137Cs in each box in the Pacific Ocean, we noticed that the values gradually increased or had almost constant levels in the 1950s and 1960s, and then decreased exponentially in 1970–2010, immediately before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Station (F1NPS) accident. In the northern North Atlantic Ocean and its marginal sea, the 0.5-year median values of 137Cs showed large variations in the directly discharged 137Cs from the reprocessing plants. The 137Cs inventory in the surface mixed layer in 1970, when 137Cs was released into the surface seawater, was estimated to be 184±26 PBq. In 1975 and 1980, the 137Cs inventory increased to 201±27 and 214±11 PBq, respectively, due to direct discharge from the
Sellafield and La Hague nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. In 2011, the
137Cs inventory in the global ocean mixed layer increased to
50.7±7.3 PBq compared to that before the F1NPS accident, in which the
contribution from the accident was estimated to be approximately 15.5±3.9 PBq. Mass balance analysis indicates that 137Cs deposited
by the global fallout in the western North Pacific Ocean moved to the
eastern North Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, 137Cs was transported
southwards, followed by westward transport in the subtropical and
equatorial Pacific Ocean, and then inflowed into the Indian Ocean via the
Indonesian Archipelago. The longer apparent half-residence times in the
Indonesian Archipelago (36.7 years from 1973 to 1997) and central Atlantic
Ocean (38.0 years from 1992 to 2016) also support the interpretation of the
global-scale transport of 137Cs from the western North Pacific Ocean to the Indian (20–30 years) and Atlantic oceans (30–40 years). In the northern North Atlantic Ocean and its marginal sea, 137Cs discharged from nuclear reprocessing plants is transported to the North Sea, Barents Sea and coast of Norway, and Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.34355/CRiED.U.Tsukuba.00085 (Aoyama, 2021), https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00149 (Inomata and Aoyama, 2022a), https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00150 (Inomata and Aoyama, 2022b), and https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00151 (Inomata and Aoyama, 2022c).
The CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) – a multi-physics toolbox for climate-driven simulations in the terrestrial cryosphere
Authors: Westermann Sebastian , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Scheer Johanna , Aalstad Kristoffer , Aga Juditha , Chaudhary Nitin , Etzelmüller Bernd , Filhol Simon , Kääb Andreas , Renette Cas , Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Zweigel Robin B. , Martin Léo , Morard Sarah , Ben-Asher Matan , Angelopoulos Michael , Boike Julia , Groenke Brian , Miesner Frederieke , Nitzbon Jan , Overduin Paul , Stuenzi Simone M. , Langer Moritz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The CryoGrid community model is a flexible toolbox for simulating the ground thermal regime and the ice–water balance for permafrost and glaciers, extending a well-established suite of permafrost models (CryoGrid 1, 2, and 3). The CryoGrid community model can accommodate a wide variety of application scenarios, which is achieved by fully modular structures through object-oriented programming. Different model components, characterized by their process representations and parameterizations, are realized as classes (i.e., objects) in CryoGrid. Standardized communication protocols between these classes ensure that they can be stacked vertically. For example, the CryoGrid community model features several classes with different complexity for the seasonal snow cover, which can be flexibly combined with a range of classes representing subsurface materials, each with their own set of process representations (e.g., soil with and without water balance, glacier ice). We present the CryoGrid architecture as well as the model physics and defining equations for the different model classes, focusing on one-dimensional model configurations which can also interact with external heat and water reservoirs. We illustrate the wide variety of simulation capabilities for a site on Svalbard, with point-scale permafrost simulations using, e.g., different soil freezing characteristics, drainage regimes, and snow representations, as well as simulations for glacier mass balance and a shallow water body. The CryoGrid community model is not intended as a static model framework but aims to provide developers with a flexible platform for efficient model development. In this study, we document both basic and advanced model functionalities to provide a baseline for the future development of novel cryosphere models.
MEMPERTAHANKAN PILKADA LANGSUNG
Authors: Chaniago Pangwi Syarwi 
Published: May 2023

Pilkada bagian dari proses penguatan dan pendalaman demokrasi (deepening democracy) menjamin hak politik warga negara. Penerapan pemilukada langsung merupakan jawaban atas tuntutan aspirasi rakyat. Pemilukada langsung memperkuat partisipasi politik, pengembalian pemilihan gubernur ke DPRD mematikan partisipasi politik, disamping itu pemilukada langsung memperkuat legitimasi kepala daerah. Pemilihan kepala daerah oleh DPRD, menggeser demokrasi ke sistem oligarki (suara rakyat digantikan oleh segelintir elite). Pemilihan kepala daerah oleh DPRD menguntungkan partai pemenang pemilu legislatif, akibatnya partai menengah sulit menjadi kepala daerah. Pemerintah seharusnya bukan mengubah sistem pilkada langsung namun memikirkan bagaimana cara untuk menghemat biaya pemilu lewat pemilu serentak. Politik uang bisa berkurang jika pemerintah menyiapkan regulasi atau perangkat aturan yang ketat dan sangsi yang tegas terhadap yang melanggar hukum. Begitu juga intensitas konflik pilkada dari tahun ke tahun kecenderungan mengalami penurunan. Pilkada langsung harus tetap dipertahankan, segala kelemahan dan kekurangannya harus terus diperbaiki, pengembalian pemilihan kepala daerah ke DPRD adalah kemunduran demokrasi.
DINAMIKA HUBUNGAN MUHAMMADIYAH DAN PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sholikin Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

Muhammadiyah's contact with political parties in actualizing their ideas and ideals will be discussed in this chapter. Muhammadiyah's involvement with political parties from the pre-independence era until now is divided into 4 patterns of relations. If it is analogous to Muhammadiyah's relationship with a Political Party like a marriage, there will be four "Marriage" models between Muhammadiyah and the Political Party. First is "Official Marriage" with Muhammadiyah being a special member of Masyumi, second is "Siri Marriage" when Muhammadiyah becomes the initiator of the establishment of Parmusi in Tanwir Ponorogo. Third "Mut'ah Marriage (Contract)" when some Muhammadiyah administrators were involved in the establishment of the National Mandate Party (PAN), to the point of disappointment that gave rise to the Sun Nation Party (PMB). The fourth most recent model is not the "Marriage" that takes place, but the "Divorce" of the Islamic purification and reform organization with political parties as formulated in Tanwir Denpasar (2001).
STRATEGI POLITIK PASANGAN NANANG-PANDU DALAM KONTESTASI PEMILUKADA LAMPUNG SELATAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Amantha Goestyari Kurnia , Ferdian Komang Jaka 
Published: May 2023

Kontestasi pemilihan umum kepala daerah merupakan salah satu tanda keberadaan demokrasi di Indonesia. Persaingan para kandidat dalam kontestasi pemilihan kepala daerah tentunya memerlukan strategi untuk mendapatkan suara masyarakat secara luas. Berdasarkan hasil rekapitulasi angka partisipasi masyarakat di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan hanya 64,77% artinya dibawah target nasional 77,5%. Sedikitnya partisipasi masyarakat tentunya menjadi menarik untuk melihat bagaimana strategi politik pasangan Nanang-Pandu dalam memaksimalkan perolehan suara hingga memenangkan kontestasi pemilahan umum kepala daaerah Lampung Selatan Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desktiptif kualitatif dimana data yang diperoleh berupa uraian-uraian yang dapat menjelaskan dan memberikan gambaran atas fenomena yang sedang diteliti. Sumber data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dihimpun dan dianalisis untuk selanjutnya dilakukan triangulasi sumber sebagai proses keabsahan data. Menangnya pasangan Nanang-Pandu dapat diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan teori SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasangan Nanang-Pandu mampu mengatasi faktor eksternal dan internal selama proses pemilihan kepala daerah. Kedua pasangan mampu memaksimalkan kekuatan (strength) dalam merebut suara pemilih di Lampung Selatan, mampu memanfaatkan peluang (opportunities), mampu mengatasi kelemahan (weaknesses) dan meminimalisir ancaman (threats) yang ada. Keberhasilan kedua pasangan dalam menjalankan strategi tentu saja tidak lepas dari adanya kerjasama tim, partai pengusung, koalisi pendukung, tim sukses dan seluruh jajaran simpatisan. Terlebih pasangan Nanang-Pandu memiliki pendukung yang loyal.
STRATEGI TIM SUKSES PADA PILKADA KABUPATEN HALMAHERA UTARA 2020
Authors: Kokerehe Rifaldo , Djurubassa Gloria Miagina Palako , A. Goraph Frets 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang proses pemilihan kepala daerah di Kabupaten Halmahera Utara pada Pilkada tahun 2020 kemaren. Namun lebih spesifik membahas tentang strategi tim sukses dalam memenangkan kandidiat pilihannya. Pilkada Halmahera Utara diikuti oleh dua pasangan calon yang memiliki visi, misi, program kerja dan tentunya dalam perencanaan untuk mencapai kemenangan haruslah memiliki tim pendukung dalam menjalankan strategi dari pasangan calon tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini memberi gambaran tentang proses berdemokrasi di Kabupaten Halmahera Utara khususnya pada Desa Gura Kecamatan Tobelo, dengan melihat strategi tim sukses dari 2 pasangan calon peserta Pilkada 2020. Tim sukses yang berada di Desa Gura tersebut antara lain Tim Relasi FM, Garuda Muda, dan Tim Sahabat FM dari pasangan calon no urut 1 sedangkan tim sukses dari pasangan calon nomor urut 2 yaitu Totohuro Silent dan di dalamnya terbagi beberapa tim pendukung lainnya berbasis TPS yaitu posko Barakuda, Dukono, Buale, Wayamato dan Papaco. Berbagai strategi digunakan oleh kedua tim sukses agar mampu menyakinkan para pemilih untuk memilih pasangan calon yang di dukungnya. Dalam menjalankan strategi atau program yang di telah di susun, tim sukses dan pasangan calon akan perhadapkan dengan berbagai persoalan yakni ada banyak faktor pendukung didalam menjalankan strategi dan juga ada faktor penghambat didalam menerapkan strategi yang dibuat oleh kedua tim tersebut oleh karna itu kinerja yang baik sangatlah di perlukan demi terealisasinya strategi tersebut. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pandangan serta pola yang baru terkait dengan strategi tim sukses dalam memenangkan pasangan calon serta penerapan strategi dalam mendukung para pasangan calon agar lebih optimal.
INTERNATIONAL NORM AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION: THE CONTRIBUTION OF L'ORÉAL TO ERADICATE CHILD LABOR MICA MINING IN INDIA
Authors: Maulana Zain , Harahap Ika Hidayani 
Published: May 2023

This article explores how L’Oréal respond to to the issue of illegal activities and child labour in their mica supply chain from India. It emphasizes that despite economic interests are always embedded in transnational corporation’s, L’Oréal responses to the issue of illegal and child labour mica mining suggest that the action of the company is influenced by international norm such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The Guiding Principles has influenced the construction of the L’Oréal identity and behaviour in their business activities. The company has used their business code of conduct in related to human rights in justifying their responses to deal with the illegal and child labour in its mica supply chain from India. It has been emphasized that mica supply from India should comply with globally recognized workplace employment, occupational health and safety, and environmental standards that include prohibitions on the use of child labour.
“Survival of the Fittest” and George Eliot’s Critique of Capitalism in The Mill on the Floss
Authors: Guo Xiaotong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In The Mill on the Floss, the ruthless rules of social Darwinism play out even before the term “survival of the fittest” was coined, and the fiction translates the “survival of the fittest” that Darwin identified in nature to a human community in the early stages of industrial capitalism. This article aims to demonstrate how George Eliot evaluates laissez-faire capitalism through her use of the Darwinian struggle for existence among the Tullivers and the Dodsons, and how George Eliot’s criticism of materialism and Mammonism of the early industrial capitalism in The Mill on the Floss works as a warning for her Victorian contemporaries who are devoted to “economic survival of the fittest.”
LE CAPITAL ET LE CHIFFRE D’AFFAIRE :SONT SYNONYMES OU DEUX CONCEPTS DIFFERENTS PAR L’ENTREPRENARIAT INFORMEL CONGOLAIS OU COMMERÇANTS INFORMELS.
Authors: Mendo Germain Elembo , Mokili Gabriel Mobondo 
Published: May 2023

Our research focuses on how Congolese entrepreneurs of small size or informal beginners digest the two concepts (capital and turnover).Knowledge of products and services bet on the market, allows entrepreneurs to take advantage of the best sales conditions.
The belly is an art recognized for a long time, which gave rise to many analyzes, or studies. An effective salesperson (a company) is not only talented, it is someone who has a method in managing the interaction with customers
In the analysis of its two concepts (capital and turnover) by Congolese informal entrepreneurs ; Our problem revolves around the following questions :
 Do Congolese informal entrepreneurs or informal traders know the difference between capital and turnover ?
 Is there a network or communication channel for informal traders to build their capacity.
 Do entrepreneurs have a level required to carry out the commercial activity ?
Considering the way in which the Congolese State does not manage to create jobs for the population and that unemployment at a higher level, and that survival poses a problem for Congolese daily newspapers ; we put forward the hypotheses according to which, informal merchants are unable to make the difference between capital and turnover, there is no network or communication circuit for their reinforcement of capacity, entrepreneurs have a level required.