bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative persuasion and psychological distance: Analyzing the effectiveness of distance‐framed narratives in communicating ocean plastic pollution
Authors: Liu Sixiao , Yang Janet Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNarratives have been identified as an effective tool to communicate seemingly abstract and uncertain risks. This study integrates the construal level theory of psychological distance and narrative persuasion to examine how distance‐framed narratives influence young adults’ attitude, behavioral intention, and policy support related to ocean plastic pollution. Results from an experimental survey (N = 889) indicate that the narrative featuring socially close characters and spatially close location is least effective in producing persuasive effects. Instead, the narrative depicting socially close characters’ encounters at a spatially distant location is more persuasive. Within narrative conditions, the findings support the mediating role of identification and transportation in facilitating narrative effects. Serial mediation of identification/transportation and psychological distance perception was also observed. Findings from this study offer meaningful theoretical and practical implications for strategic communication on ocean plastic pollution.
‘I wish I had asked for support earlier’ − Immigrant family caregivers' experiences of living with a person with dementia
Authors: Goodyear Ann‐Christine , Arola Annikki , Rosendahl Sirpa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionImmigrant family caregivers are increasing worldwide, likewise the number of older people with dementia. Caring for a person with dementia is demanding, with the carer's own life put on hold. Immigrant family caregivers have been less studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore immigrant family caregivers' experiences of living with an older person with dementia.MethodA qualitative approach was chosen, consisting of open‐ended interviews analysed using qualitative content analysis. The ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration were applied in the study, which was duly approved by a regional ethics review board.ResultsThe content analysis resulted in three main categories: (i) the diverse roles of a family caregiver; (ii) the impact of language and culture on daily life and (iii) wish for support from society.ConclusionsLiving with a person with dementia is demanding and burdensome and the consequences of working without any rest may increase social isolation and impair quality of life. Immigrants and country‐born family caregivers living with a person with dementia seem to have similar care experiences, but immigrant family caregivers seem to receive help rather late due to a lack of information about the services available, language barriers and to financial reasons. A wish for support earlier on in the caring process was expressed, likewise for care services in the participants' native language. The various Finnish associations and peer support were important sources of information about support services. Together with culturally adjusted care services, these could contribute to better access to care, to quality and to equal care.
Polysaccharides and glycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their induced immune responses
Authors: Gong Yang , Wang Juan , Li Fei , Zhu Bingdong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The structures of polysaccharides and glycolipids at M. tuberculosis cell wall vary among different strains, which affect the physiology and pathogenesis of mycobacteria by activating or inhibiting innate and acquired immunity. Among them, some components such as lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) activate innate immunity by recognizing some kinds of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll‐like receptors, while other components like mannose‐capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) could prevent innate immune responses by inhibiting the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and maturation of phagosomes. In addition, many glycolipids can activate natural killer T (NKT) cells and CD1‐restricted T cells to produce interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Furthermore, humoral immunity against cell wall components, such as antibodies against LAM, plays a role in immunity against M. tuberculosis infection. Cell wall polysaccharides and glycolipids of M. tuberculosis have potential applications as antigens and adjuvants for novel TB subunit vaccines.
Use of recombinant human factor VIIa in 2 patients with postoperative noncompressible, abdominal hemorrhage
Authors: Zorn Chelsea M. , Blong April E. , Walton Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, clinical course, and successful management of noncompressible, abdominal hemorrhage with recombinant human factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in 2 postoperative patients.Case SummaryA 14‐year‐old neutered female Border Terrier and a 9‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair were treated with rFVIIa to treat noncompressible abdominal hemorrhage in the postoperative period. The dog presented for a septic abdomen following endoscopic intestinal biopsies 10 days prior and was found to have a jejunal perforation along with a fractured liver lobe and hepatic lymphoma at the time of exploratory laparotomy. The cat presented for a spontaneous hemoabdomen associated with hepatic amyloidosis. Clinically significant hemorrhage occurred in the perioperative and postoperative period and both patients received massive transfusions and antifibrinolytic therapy. Despite these interventions, the patients continued to have ongoing abdominal hemorrhage and surgical attempts at hemostasis were not attempted due to the friable nature of the liver at the time of surgery. Both patients received rFVIIa intravenously every 3 hours at a dose between 70 and 90 μg/kg as indicated by the clinical picture, which subsequently decreased transfusion requirements.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case report describes the use of rFVIIa in a cat and a dog with severe, noncompressible abdominal hemorrhage in combination with standard hemostatic interventions.
Discordant phylogenies in the Sorex araneus group (Soricidae, Mammalia): Footprints of past reticulations?
Authors: Raspopova Alexandra A. , Lebedev Vladimir S. , Searle Jeremy B. , Bannikova Anna A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present study, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the chromosomally variable Sorex araneus species group based on 20 nuclear loci and the mitochondrial cyt b gene. In the species tree, Nearctic S. arcticus represents the earliest offshoot of the group followed by Holarctic S. tundrensis and Siberian S. daphaenodon. Five other species distributed mostly in Europe form a well‐supported clade. Coding regions showed stronger phylogenetic signal than introns. The results suggest a high incidence of reticulation in the evolution of the group. The authentic mitochondrial lineage of the Iberian shrew S. granarius was found to be close phylogenetically to S. coronatus, which confirms that some populations of the Iberian shrew S. granarius were introgressed from S. araneus. Footprints of deeper reticulations are revealed for the first time, indicating the potential hybrid origin of the S. arcticus and S. coronatus lineages. Ancient hybridisations are hypothesised to be the source of discordance between molecular‐ and karyotype‐based phylogenetic reconstructions.
r$r$‐Cross t$t$‐intersecting families via necessary intersection points
Authors: Gupta Pranshu , Mogge Yannick , Piga Simón , Schülke Bjarne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven integers and we call families ‐cross ‐intersecting if for all , , we have . We obtain a strong generalisation of the classic Hilton–Milner theorem on cross‐intersecting families. In particular, we determine the maximum of for ‐cross ‐intersecting families in the cases when these are ‐uniform families or arbitrary subfamilies of . Only some special cases of these results had been proved before. We obtain the aforementioned theorems as instances of a more general result that considers measures of ‐cross ‐intersecting families. This also provides the maximum of for families of possibly mixed uniformities .
Hyperbolic angles in Lorentzian length spaces and timelike curvature bounds
Authors: Beran Tobias , Sämann Clemens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin the synthetic‐geometric framework of Lorentzian (pre‐)length spaces developed in Kunzinger and Sämann (Ann. Glob. Anal. Geom. 54 (2018), no. 3, 399–447) we introduce a notion of a hyperbolic angle, an angle between timelike curves and related concepts such as timelike tangent cone and exponential map. This provides valuable technical tools for the further development of the theory and paves the way for the main result of the article, which is the characterization of timelike curvature bounds (defined via triangle comparison) with an angle monotonicity condition. Further, we improve on a geodesic non‐branching result for spaces with timelike curvature bounded below.
Is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease a sign of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Sicheng , Zhang Xiangyuan , Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Boxun , Zhao Linhua 
Published: February 2023

Recent studies have associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with impaired cardiac function. However, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a high-risk group for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), were not analyzed as an independent study population. A systematic review was conducted to identify all published clinical trials using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases from inception to September 14, 2022. Observational studies that reported echocardiographic parameters in T2DM patients with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD were included for further selection. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist was used to appraise the study quality. Ten observational studies (all cross-sectional in design) comprising 1800 T2DM patients (1124 with NAFLD, 62.4%) were included. We found that T2DM patients with NAFLD had a significantly lower E/A ratio, higher peak A velocity, higher E/e’ ratio, lower e’ velocity, greater left atrial maximum volume index, and greater left ventricular mass index than non-NAFLD patients. These findings reinforced the importance of NAFLD being associated with an increased risk of LVDD in the T2DM population, and NAFLD may be a sign of LVDD in patients with T2DM.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022355844.
Lower survival and higher rates of cirrhosis in patients with ROUX-EN-Y gastric bypass hospitalised with alcohol-associated hepatitis
Authors: Anugwom Chimaobi , Thomson Mary , Freese Rebecca L , Lake John R , Lim Nicholas 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe incidence of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is increasing, and weight loss surgery is more common due to the obesity epidemic. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with alcohol use disorder and ALD; however, its impact on outcomes in patients hospitalised for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is unclear.DesignWe performed a single-centre, retrospective study of patients with AH from June 2011 to December 2019. Primary exposure was the presence of RYGB. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included overall mortality, readmissions and cirrhosis progression.Results2634 patients with AH met the inclusion criteria; 153 patients had RYGB. Median age of the entire cohort was 47.3 years; median Model for End Stage Liver Disease - Sodium (MELD-Na) was 15.1 in the study group versus 10.9 in the control group. There was no difference in inpatient mortality between the two groups. On logistic regression, increased age, elevated body mass index, MELD-Na >20 and haemodialysis were all associated with higher inpatient mortality. RYGB status was associated with increased 30-day readmission (20.3% vs 11.7%, p<0.01), development of cirrhosis (37.5% vs 20.9%, p<0.01) and overall mortality (31.4% vs 24%, p=0.03).ConclusionsPatients with RYGB have higher rates of readmissions, cirrhosis and overall mortality after discharge from hospital for AH. Allocation of additional resources on discharge may improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditure in this unique patient population.
UK consensus definitions for necrotising otitis externa: a Delphi study
Authors: Hodgson Susanne H , Khan Maha M , Patrick-Smith Maia , Martinez-Devesa Pablo , Stapleton Emma , Williams O Martin , Pretorius Pieter , McNally Martin , Andersson Monique I 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo establish consensus definitions for necrotising otitis externa (NOE) to facilitate the diagnosis and exclusion of NOE in clinical practice and expedite future high-quality study of this neglected condition.DesignThe work comprised of a systematic review of the literature, five iterative rounds of consultation via a Delphi process and open discussion within the collaborative. An expert panel analysed the results to produce the final outputs which were shared with and endorsed by national specialty bodies.SettingSecondary care in the UK.ParticipantsUK clinical specialists practising in infection, ear nose and throat (ENT) surgery or radiology.Main outcome measuresDefinitions and statements meeting the following criteria were accepted: (a) minimum of 70% of respondents in agreement or strong agreement with a definition/statement AND (b) <15% of respondents in disagreement or strong disagreement with a definition/statement.ResultsSeventy-four UK clinicians specialising in ENT, Infection and Radiology with a special interest in NOE took part in the work which was undertaken between 2019 and 2021. The minimum response rate for a Round was 76%. Consensus criteria for all proposed case definitions, outcome definitions and consensus statements were met in the fifth round.ConclusionsThis work distills the clinical opinion of a large group of multidisciplinary specialists from across the UK to create practical definitions and statements to support clinical practice and research for NOE. This is the first step in an iterative process. Further work will seek to validate and test these definitions and inform their evolution.
Top 10 priorities for Sexual Violence and Abuse Research: Findings of the James Lind Alliance Sexual Violence Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Varese Filippo , White Catherine , Longden Eleanor , Charalambous Christina , Meehan Kate , Partington Imogen , Ashman Efa , Marsh Lowri , Yule Elizabeth , Mohamed Laila , Chevous Jane , Harewood Emma , Gronlund Toto , Jones Anne-Marie , Malik Samira , Maxwell Charlotte , Perot Concetta , Sephton Shani , Taggart Daniel , Tooze Lynne , Majeed-Ariss Rabiya 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo establish a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) to identify research priorities relevant to the health and social care needs of adults with lived experience of recent and/or historical sexual violence/abuse.ParticipantsAdults (aged 18+ years) with lived experience of sexual violence/abuse (ie, ‘survivors’) were consulted for this PSP, alongside healthcare and social care professionals who support survivors across the public, voluntary, community, independent practice and social enterprise sectors.MethodsIn line with standard JLA PSP methodology, participants completed an initial online survey to propose research questions relevant to the health and social care needs of survivors. Research questions unanswered by current evidence were identified, and a second online survey was deployed to identify respondents’ priorities from this list. Questions prioritised through the second survey were presented at a consensus meeting with key stakeholders to agree the top 10 research priorities using a modified nominal group technique approach.Results223 participants (54% survivors) provided 484 suggested questions. Seventy-five unique questions unanswered by research were identified and subsequently ranked by 343 participants (60% survivors). A consensus meeting with 31 stakeholders (42% survivors) examined the top-ranking priorities from the second survey and agreed the top 10 research priorities. These included research into forms of support and recovery outcomes valued by survivors, how to best support people of colour/black, Asian and minority ethnic and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) survivors, improving access to high-quality psychological therapies, reducing public misconceptions/stigma, the impact of involvement in the criminal justice system on well-being, and how physical and mental health services can become more ‘trauma informed’.ConclusionsThese research priorities identify crucial gaps in the existing evidence to better support adult survivors of sexual violence and abuse. Researchers and funders should prioritise further work in these priority areas identified by survivors and the professionals who support them.
Correlations between caregiver competence, burden and health-related quality of life among Chinese family caregivers of elderly adults with disabilities: a cross-sectional study using structural equations analysis
Authors: Niu Shuzhen , Ding Silian , Wu Songqi , Ma Jiajia , Shi Yan 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between caregiver competence and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among family caregivers of disabled elderly adults, and to evaluate the role of caregiver burden as a potential mediator of that relationship.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo general hospitals in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsStudy participants were 135 family caregivers of disabled elderly adults listed on a roster for outpatient and emergency services utilisation from January to March 2022.Data analysis and outcome measuresWe used stratified linear regression and structural equation model analysis. HRQoL was the main outcome, measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short form Health Survey. Caregiver competence was assessed using the Family Caregiver Task Inventory, and caregiver burden was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview.ResultsCaregivers of moderately and severely disabled elderly adults showed poorer scores in Physical Component Summary (F=20.463, p<0.05) and Mental Component Summary (F=17.062, p<0.05) compared with caregivers of older adults with mild disabilities. At the same time, those caregivers showed higher scores on the caregiving burden (F=19.533, p<0.05) and caregiving difficulties (F=16.079, p<0.05). A structural equation model was performed and successfully adjusted (χ2/df=1.175, p=0.261, NFI=0.970, RFI=0.949, IFI=0.995, CFI=0.995, GFI=0.963, TLI=0.992, AGFI=0.920, RMSEA=0.036). The total effect of Family Caregiver Task Inventory scores on HRQoL scores was −0.980, with a direct effect of −0.645. The mediating effect on HRQoL scores through the intermediate variable of caregiver burden scores was −0.335.ConclusionsFamily caregivers’ HRQoL is closely related to caregiver difficulties and burdens. Early identification and targeted measures are needed to reduce the burden and problems in caregiving.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of combined asynchronous telemonitoring and patient-initiated care for spondyloarthritis: protocol for a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (TeleSpA Study)
Authors: Hermans Kasper , Boonen Annelies , Vonkeman Harald E , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, an accelerated uptake of remote monitoring strategies, replacing traditional face-to-face care, has been observed. However, data on the effects of remote care interventions for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases remain scarce and interpretation is hampered by study heterogeneity and research quality concerns. High-quality evidence is required to guide future implementation in clinical practice, with health economic analyses identified as an important knowledge gap. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing telemonitoring with conventional care for patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) are currently lacking.Methods and analysisTeleSpA is a pragmatic, multicentre RCT investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of combined asynchronous telemonitoring and patient-initiated follow-up for patients with SpA, compared with conventional care. Two-hundred patients will be recruited at two hospitals and randomised (1:1) to the study intervention or standard care. The primary endpoint is a reduction in the number of follow-up visits by ≥25% in the intervention compared with standard care group, during a 1-year period. Secondary endpoints are (a) non-inferiority of the study intervention with regard to health outcomes, quality of care and patient-reported experience with care; and (b) cost-effectiveness of the intervention, evaluated through a prospective trial-based cost-utility analysis. In addition, experiences with the study intervention will be assessed among patients and healthcare providers, and factors associated with primary and secondary endpoints will be identified.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Academic Hospital Maastricht/Maastricht University (NL71041.068.19/METC 19-059). Results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04673825.
Family coaching during Spontaneous Awakening Trials and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (FamCAB): pilot study protocol
Authors: Shahid Anmol , Johnstone Corson , Sept Bonnie G , Kupsch Shelly , Soo Andrea , Fiest Kirsten M , Stelfox Henry Thomas 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMany patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) require weaning from deep sedation (Spontaneous Awakening Trials, SATs) and mechanical ventilation (Spontaneous Breathing Trials, SBTs) in their journey to recovery. These procedures can be distressing for patients and their families. The presence of family members as ‘coaches’ during SATs/SBTs could provide patients with reassurance, reduce stress for patients and families and potentially improve procedural success rates.Methods and analysisThis study will be executed in two phases:Development of a coaching module: a working group including patient partners (i.e., former ICU patients or family members of former ICU patients), researchers, and ICU clinicians will develop an educational module on family coaching during SATs/SBTs (FamCAB). This module will provide families of critically ill patients basic information about SATs/SBTs as well as coaching guidance.Pilot testing: family members of ICU patients will complete the FamCAB module and provide information on: (1) demographics, (2) anxiety and (3) satisfaction with care in the ICU. Family members will then coach the patient through the next clinically indicated SATs and/or SBTs. Information around duration of time and success rates of SATs and/or SBTs (ability to conduct a complete assessment) alongside feedback will be collected. ICU clinical staff (including physicians and nurses) will be asked for feedback on practicality and perceived benefits or drawbacks of family coaching during these procedures. Feasibility and acceptability of family coaching in SATs/SBTs will be determined.DiscussionThe results of this work will inform whether a larger study to explore family coaching during SATs/SBTs is warranted.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board. Results from this pilot study will be made available via peer-reviewed journals and presented at critical care conferences on completion.