bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
81 Examination of Undergraduate and Graduate Student Experiences in an Undergraduate Research Course
Authors: Greene Maslyn A , Duckett Susan K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mentored undergraduate research experiences have been identified as beneficial to students for persistence in STEM disciplines and increased grade point averages. Participation in research is impactful for both STEM and non-STEM students. Additionally, undergraduate research experiences have a positive effect on subsequent student performance in graduate and professional school as evidenced by students with previous research experience having superior communication skills at the start of their first year and after. Undergraduate research courses tend to be heavily hands-on experiences and structured classroom teaching may not be large portions of the course content. Online material has become increasingly common in the post COVID-19 learning environment. Courses that can have difficulty with online instruction or the inclusion of online content tend to be courses with a heavy focus of hands-on learning or hands-on skill development. The use of a flipped classroom can facilitate student learning in a digital way in addition to in person class meeting. The incorporation of online lecture content to broaden undergraduate student understanding of the application of the scientific method was used to enhance the research experience. Student experiences were evaluated with the Undergraduate Research Student Self-Assessment survey. Significant positive correlation was found between student feelings of “project responsibility” and “Workshops on science writing and presentation” during the semester that online lectures were incorporated. Additionally, graduate student training is a variable and highly individualized experience for each trainee. Most programs focus strongly on cognitive skill training, advanced knowledge of the discipline, conducting research, and preparing manuscripts for publication. Professional development is a component of graduate training that can be easily overlooked or undervalued. The development of soft skills such as time management, personnel management, and leadership and mentoring qualities are vital for trainee success post-graduation. Some current thinking is that devoting time to professional development will result in a slower progression by the trainee, however this is shown to be untrue and students who participate in career growth maintained the same level of productivity measured by time to degree completion and manuscript output. Graduate student experiences with mentoring undergraduates were shown to develop soft skills while also being noted as “an influential experience” when making future career decisions. Development of an undergraduate research program that incorporates more than simply hands on skill development that also significantly incorporates graduate students benefits both student groups and leads to improved outcomes for both student groups post-graduation.
6 Comparison of Ammonia Concentrations Between Flush and Pull-Plug Waste Management Systems in Wean-Finish Swine Barns
Authors: Kittle Olivia J , Leonard Suzanne M , Knauer Mark , Almond Glen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pig manure contains a wide variety of corrosion-inducing chemicals such as ammonia. Ammonia production and its release are influenced by temperature and moisture in the barn environment. Increased concentrations of ammonia can negatively affect pig health and growth, as well as pose a risk to human health. Additionally, even at decreased concentrations, ammonia reacts with humidity and causes premature corrosion of barn equipment and is a threat to the structural integrity of livestock buildings. In this study, ammonia concentrations were monitored and compared between two 880 head wean-finish swine facilities with different types of waste management systems. Both facilities had shallow manure pits, one containing a flush system and one containing a pull plug system to remove manure from the barns into the lagoon. Ammonia, dry-bulb air temperature, and relative humidity levels were measured every0 min for an entire wean-finish cycle (approximately 20 weeks). Data will be compared between the facilities to evaluate the impact of the waste management systems on indoor air quality conditions. Potential implications for pig health and growth and facility maintenance will be explored. Results will provide information on best management strategies for swine facilities.
4 Survey of Mycoplasma Wenyonii Infection in a Texas Beef Cattle Herd
Authors: Bloch Nicole A , Lambert Barry , Brady Jeff A , Wellmann Kimberly B , Reed Dennis , Runyan Cheyenne L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mycoplasma wenyonii is hemotrophic bacteria known to cause mild anemia, localized edema, and pyrexia in infected cattle. It has been previously detected in cattle herds across the world, including United States beef herd. Mode of transmission, prevalence, and a full profile of symptoms associated with this species of bacteria have not been established. This case study aimed to elucidate the percentage of infected cattle in a local Erath County beef herd and determine which groups of cattle may have the greatest infection rates. Groups were determined based on sex and age, bull, cow, or unsexed calf. Blood was collected from 4 bulls, 61 cows, and 55 calves from the same producer on the same day. A blood extraction kit that utilized spin column-based nucleic acid purification was used to extract DNA from blood samples. Primers were constructed to be highly specific to the m. wenyonii sequence to avoid confusion with other common mycoplasma species. Extracted m. weyonii DNA was quantified using qPCR. Melt curve analysis was performed to verify the amplicon product size. Standard deviation of the melting point was calculated and selection was made within 2 standard deviations of the control. Animals with any detectable amount of m. wenyonii DNA present in their blood were considered positive for infection for the purposes of this case study. This survey yielded positive results for 2 of the 4 bulls, 19 of the 61 cows, and 0 calves. The lack of positive samples in the calf population suggests that the placenta functions as a barrier to infection. This study provides perspective on the prevalence of this microorganism in Texas cattle populations and serves as a basis for future studies. More investigation is needed to better understand the impact of this bacterial infection on Texas beef cattle producers.
12 The Efficacy of a Natural Fungus (Duddingtonia Flagrans) in Controlling Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Lactating Meat Goat Does
Authors: Davis Javin , O’Brien Dahlia , Matthews Kwame , Wildeus Stephan , Whitley Niki C , Schoenian Susan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Small ruminant production in the US is significantly impacted by infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), especially the blood sucking GIN, Haemonchus contortus. Unfortunately, the indiscriminate use of available drug classes has led to multi-drug resistant GIN that pose significant challenges to parasite control on many farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans (Bioworma, International Animal Health) in reducing GIN loads in lactating meat does. Thirty eight late gestating Spanish and Myotonic does were dewormed (day 0) approximately 2 weeks before to kidding with a combination of levamisol (Prohibit; 12 mg/kg BW) and moxidectin (Cydectin; 0.4 mg/kg BW) before the start of feeding BioWorma according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. At this time, does were also allocated into two treatment groups (n = 19/group), split into 3 replications per treatment and placed on six pasture paddocks (n = 6/7 per paddock). Does were then fed either a corn and soybean meal supplement at 1.5% of their BW with (BIO) or without (CON) Bioworma daily until weaning and hay was offered throughout the study. Bioworma was added to the ration based on the manufacturer’s recommended dose of 0.066 g/kg BW and on the BW of the heaviest doe. To evaluate the effect of Bioworma treatment, BW, body condition score (BCS), and FAMACHA scores were recorded every 2 weeks for 98 days. Blood and fecal samples were also collected for determination of packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC). Pooled (d 28) or pooled treatment group feces (d 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98) were also collected and cultured to determine GIN genera. If blood PCV decreased to below 19%, does were dewormed and removed from the study (n = 2 BIO; n = 2 CON). Data were analyzed using repeated measures in a mixed model, and FEC were log transformed before analysis. Following deworming (d 0), FEC were reduced by 97% by d4. There was a mixed population of GIN throughout the study (averaging 70.3%,7.7%, and2.0% for H. contortus, Tricostrongylus spp., and Oesphagostomum spp., respectively). Bioworma supplementation had no impact on BW, BCS, FAMACHA scores, nor PCV averaging 38.8 ± 0.5 kg, 2.3 ± 0.03, 2.2 ± 0.02, and 29.3 ± 0.3%, respectively. There was also no effect of treatment on FEC (averaging 1,067±254 and 1,107±144 and 987±282 and 847±163 eggs per gram for BIO and CON does on days 0 and 98, respectively. Bioworma supplementation in a highly susceptible group of lactating does, had no influence on GIN indicators. Additional research is needed to confirm the efficacy of Duddingtoni flagrans in controlling GIN and how best to incorporate in current on-farm parasite control strategies.
11 Impact of a Cache Valley Fever Outbreak on Lambing Performance in a Landrace Hair Sheep Flock: A Case Study
Authors: Robertson MacKenzie , Wildeus Stephan , O’Brien Dahlia , Pelzer Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cache Valley Fever (CVF) is a mosquito-born, viral disease endemic to North America. While generally not associated with clinical symptoms in ewes, it affects fetal development during the first trimester of pregnancy resulting in malformations and pregnancy loss. A suspected outbreak of CVF was recorded in a flock of Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix hair sheep managed under an 8-mo, accelerated mating system with ewes bred in March, July and November. The outbreak was associated with a July breeding, in a summer with unusually high rainfall and standing water in pastures. There had been no previous occurrence of CVF or other abortion storms in the flock (20+ years). Lambing outcome associated with the suspected outbreak of CVF was compared with that of the three prior July matings (CON). Ewes (n = 32-35) were managed in a pasture-based system under rotational grazing. Ewes were mated in two single sire groups of 16 to 18 ewes to like-breed sires each breeding season. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound at end and 21 d after the 25-day breeding season. Ewes lambed on pasture, and lambs were tagged, and birth weights recorded within 24 hours. Blood samples were collected from all ewes following the CVF lambing and submitted for CVF antibody testing. All ewes showed CVF antibody titers. Pregnancy rate for the CVF lambing was not different from CON (85.7 vs. 89.8%; P = 0.512), whereas lambing rate was less in CVF for both ewes exposed (74.3 vs. 88.8%; P = 0.039) and ewes lambing (86.7 vs. 98.9%; P = 0.004). Incidence of stillborn and neonatal death of lambs was greater in CVF than CON (37.0 vs.5.6%; P = 0.002), as was the number of malformed lambs (13.0 vs. 0%; P &lt; 0.001). Malformed lambs were associated with breech presentations. Litter size was not different in the CVF lambing (1.77 vs 1.86; P = 0.471), but lamb birth weight tended to be less (2.80 vs. 3.04 kg; P = 0.055) while ewe postpartum weight was not different (45.3 vs. 47.0 kg; P = 0.384). The outbreak of CVF reduced the lambing rate and increased the incidence of neonatal death and malformations. The outbreak occurred during a summer with unusually high rainfall and may be associated with changing weather patterns linked to climate change. Delaying summer breeding may be considered a mitigation strategy if feasible.
Impact of L-Arginine and L-Glutamine supplementation on growth performance and immune status in weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli F4
Authors: Wellington Michael O , Hulshof Tetske G , Ernst Kristi , Balemans Anke , Page Greg I , Van Hees Hubèrt M J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Arginine (ARG) and Glutamine (GLN) have been reported to play significant roles in protein metabolism, immunity, and intestinal health in weanling pigs. The present study investigated the independent and interactive effect of supplementing ARG and GLN on pigs immune status and growth performance following an Escherichia coli F4 challenge. A total of 240 mixed-sex pigs (24 ± 2 d old; 7.3 ± 0.1 kg BW) were used in a 42-d experiment after selection for E. coli F4 susceptibility. The pigs were group-housed (3 pigs per pen), and pens were randomly assigned to five experimental treatments (N = 16 pens per treatment). Experimental treatments were: 1) a wheat–barley–soybean meal-based basal diet (CTRL), 2) a basal diet with 2500 mg/kg zinc oxide (ZnO), 3) a basal diet + 0.5% Glutamine (0.5% GLN), 4) basal diet + 0.5% Arginine (0.5% ARG), and 5) basal diet with 0.5% Glutamine + 0.5% Arginine (0.5% GLN + ARG). All Pigs were inoculated with E. coli F4 on days 7, 8, and 9 post-weaning. Rectal swabs were taken from each pig and plated on blood agar plates for E. coli F4 presence. Blood and fecal samples were taken to determine the acute phase response and selected fecal biomarkers for the immune response. Growth performance and fecal scores were recorded. Fecal swabs resulted in no positive pig for E. coli F4 before inoculation and 73.3% positive postinoculation. Diarrhea incidence during days 7 to 14 was significantly lower for the ZnO treatment (P &lt; 0.05). The haptoglobin level on day 3 was lower than days 10 and 20, irrespective of treatment (P &lt; 0.05). The albumin level was lower on day 20 compared to days 3 and 10 (P &lt; 0.05). There was no treatment effect on albumin levels regardless of sampling day (P &gt; 0.05). The PigMAP was lowest on day 3 and highest on day 10 (P &lt; 0.05). We did not observe significant treatment differences (P &gt; 0.05) in myeloperoxidase and calprotectin. Pancreatitis-associated protein was higher in the ZnO (P = 0.001) treatment than in the other treatments. Fecal IgA tended (P = 0.10) to be higher in the ZnO and 0.5% ARG treatments. There were no performance differences, except during days 0 to 7, where the ZnO treatment was lower in average daily gain and average daily feed intake (P &lt; 0.001), while feed efficiency (G:F) FE was similar across treatments. In summary, no improved performance was observed with either ARG, glutamate, or both. The immune response results showed that the E. coli F4 challenge may have exacerbated the acute phase response; hence, the benefits of dietary treatments did not go beyond immune repair and reduction in inflammation.
The impact of surgical weight loss procedures on the risk of metachronous colorectal neoplasia: the differential effect of surgery type, sex, and anatomic location
Authors: Hussan Hisham , Ali Mohamed R , Hussain Shehnaz K , Lyo Victoria , McLaughlin Eric , Chiang ChienWei , Thompson Henry J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Patients with prior colorectal polyps are at high risk for metachronous colorectal neoplasia, especially in the presence of obesity. We assessed the impact of 2 common bariatric surgeries, vertical sleeve gastrectomy and roux-n-Y gastric bypass, on the risk of colorectal neoplasia recurrence. This nationally representative analysis included 1183 postbariatric adults and 3193 propensity score–matched controls, who all had prior colonoscopy with polyps and polypectomy. Colorectal polyps reoccurred in 63.8% of bariatric surgery patients and 71.7% of controls at a mean follow-up of 53.1 months from prior colonoscopy. There was a reduced odds of colorectal polyp recurrence after bariatric surgery compared with controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58 to 0.83). This effect was most pronounced in men (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.79), and post roux-n-Y gastric bypass (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.79). However, the risk of rectal polyps or colorectal cancer remained consistent between groups. This study is the first to our knowledge to show a reduction in risk of polyp recurrence following bariatric surgery.
Imaging modalities for measuring body composition in patients with cancer: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Shah Urvi A , Ballinger Tarah J , Bhandari Rusha , Dieli-Conwright Christina M , Guertin Kristin A , Hibler Elizabeth A , Kalam Faiza , Lohmann Ana Elisa , Ippolito Joseph E 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBody composition assessment (ie, the measurement of muscle and adiposity) impacts several cancer-related outcomes including treatment-related toxicities, treatment responses, complications, and prognosis. Traditional modalities for body composition measurement include body mass index, body circumference, skinfold thickness, and bioelectrical impedance analysis; advanced imaging modalities include dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Each modality has its advantages and disadvantages, thus requiring an individualized approach in identifying the most appropriate measure for specific clinical or research situations. Advancements in imaging approaches have led to an abundance of available data, however, the lack of standardized thresholds for classification of abnormal muscle mass or adiposity has been a barrier to adopting these measurements widely in research and clinical care. In this review, we discuss the different modalities in detail and provide guidance on their unique opportunities and challenges.
Skeletal muscle omics signatures in cancer cachexia: perspectives and opportunities
Authors: Gilmore L Anne , Parry Traci L , Thomas Gwendolyn A , Khamoui Andy V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening complication of cancer that occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced cancer. Cachexia reflects the systemic consequences of cancer and prominently features unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Cachexia impairs cancer treatment tolerance, lowers quality of life, and contributes to cancer-related mortality. Effective treatments for cancer cachexia are lacking despite decades of research. High-throughput omics technologies are increasingly implemented in many fields including cancer cachexia to stimulate discovery of disease biology and inform therapy choice. In this paper, we present selected applications of omics technologies as tools to study skeletal muscle alterations in cancer cachexia. We discuss how comprehensive, omics-derived molecular profiles were used to discern muscle loss in cancer cachexia compared with other muscle-wasting conditions, to distinguish cancer cachexia from treatment-related muscle alterations, and to reveal severity-specific mechanisms during the progression of cancer cachexia from early toward severe disease.
A review of the impact of energy balance on triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Akingbesote Ngozi D , Owusu Dennis , Liu Ryan , Cartmel Brenda , Ferrucci Leah M , Zupa Michelle , Lustberg Maryam B , Sanft Tara , Blenman Kim R M , Irwin Melinda L , Perry Rachel J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate without sufficient energy to generate biomass for rapid cell division, as well as to fuel their functions at baseline. For this reason, many recent observational and interventional studies have focused on increasing energy expenditure and/or reducing energy intake during and after cancer treatment. The impact of variance in diet composition and in exercise on cancer outcomes has been detailed extensively elsewhere and is not the primary focus of this review. Instead, in this translational, narrative review we examine studies of how energy balance impacts anticancer immune activation and outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We discuss preclinical, clinical observational, and the few clinical interventional studies on energy balance in TNBC. We advocate for the implementation of clinical studies to examine how optimizing energy balance—through changes in diet and/or exercise—may optimize the response to immunotherapy in people with TNBC. It is our conviction that by taking a holistic approach that includes energy balance as a key factor to be considered during and after treatment, cancer care may be optimized, and the detrimental effects of cancer treatment and recovery on overall health may be minimized.
Competencies for Psychology Practice in Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Thompson Amanda L , Schaefer Megan R , McCarthy Sarah R , Hildenbrand Aimee K , Cousino Melissa K , Marsac Meghan L , Majeski Jill , Wohlheiter Karen , Kentor Rachel A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Pediatric psychologists have unique expertise to contribute to the care of youth with serious illnesses yet are not routinely integrated into pediatric palliative care (PPC) teams. To better define the role and unique skillset of psychologists practicing in PPC, support their systematic inclusion as part of PPC teams, and advance trainee knowledge of PPC principles and skills, the PPC Psychology Working Group sought to develop core competencies for psychologists in this subspecialty.

Methods
A Working Group of pediatric psychologists with expertise in PPC met monthly to review literature and existing competencies in pediatrics, pediatric and subspecialty psychology, adult palliative care, and PPC subspecialties. Using the modified competency cube framework, the Working Group drafted core competencies for PPC psychologists. Interdisciplinary review was conducted by a diverse group of PPC professionals and parent advocates, and competencies were revised accordingly.

Results
The six competency clusters include Science, Application, Education, Interpersonal, Professionalism, and Systems. Each cluster includes essential competencies (i.e., knowledge, skills, attitudes, roles) and behavioral anchors (i.e., examples of concrete application). Reviewer feedback highlighted clarity and thoroughness of competencies and suggested additional consideration of siblings and caregivers, spirituality, and psychologists’ own positionality.

Conclusions
Newly developed competencies for PPC psychologists highlight unique contributions to PPC patient care and research and provide a framework for highlighting psychology’s value in this emerging subspecialty. Competencies help to advocate for inclusion of psychologists as routine members of PPC teams, standardize best practices among the PPC workforce, and provide optimal care for youth with serious illness and their families.
Commentary: Goldilocks Revisited: Do We Need More Practice Competencies in Pediatric Psychology?
Authors: Robins Paul M , Stancin Terry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The publication of the Thompson et al. competencies framework for pediatric palliative care marks a third set of practice guidelines published. There is essential tension between specialist training in clinical child psychology (our “home” discipline) leading to further subspecialty training in pediatric psychology, the desired balance between the two, and impact on teaching, training, and patient care. A purpose of this invited commentary is to stimulate further awareness and subsequent discussion of the integration of more narrow practice skills in a growing and developing field, as the tendency toward greater specialization and siloed practice increases.