bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing Seismic Signals From Karst Aquifer Injection Experiments and a Natural Recharge Event
Authors: Bilek S. L. , Luhmann A. J. , Grapenthin R. , Woo Han Byul , Gochenour J. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVariations in subsurface flow processes through a karst aquifer that feeds Bear Spring in southeastern Minnesota were captured on a temporary seismic network during injection experiments and a natural recharge event. Each experiment involved injecting ∼13,000 L of water into an overflow spring, and the natural event was triggered by a large rainstorm of ∼70 min in duration. During the injection experiments, the largest amplitude signals in the ground velocity seismograms occurred as the water first fell onto the rock at the overflow spring and as the large slug of water reached a sump or water‐filled passage. During the natural rainstorm event, the overflow spring began flowing and total spring discharge (perennial emanation points and the overflow spring) increased from ∼100 to 300 L/s. Seismic signals during and following the rain event include broadband noise from raindrops impacting the ground, as well as large amplitude signals while water levels rose; the latter occurred over a 5‐s period, producing multiple pulses of ground motion up to ∼0.5 mm/s. Based on seismic array analysis, high frequency signals during the natural recharge event and one of the injection experiments are largely sourced from south of the array, where a sump exists and the conduit orientation changes, but additional modeling is required to further understand which of a set of possible mechanisms is mostly likely the cause of these seismic signals.
Sources and Sinks of Interannual Steric Sea Level Variability
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Llovel William , Sévellec Florian , Huck Thierry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of regional steric sea level variability is fundamental to understand the regional sea level variability recorded by satellite altimetry for years and to insure that future projections made by climate models are realistic. Here, we first develop a novel method based on steric sea level variance budget that allows to detect the sources and sinks of the variability. Using the “Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean” (ECCO V4) state estimate, we then show that interannual steric sea level variability is mainly sustained by interannual fluctuating winds via Ekman transport almost everywhere. The damping of the variability is made by both the interannual fluctuating net heat flux from the atmosphere, that largely dominates the atmospheric freshwater fluxes, and the parametrized effect of eddies. It is also found that the parametrized effect of diffusion on the variability is weak in most regions and that, although globally weak, the fluctuations of atmospheric freshwater fluxes are a source of variance close to the Equator in the Pacific Ocean.
Between Broadening and Narrowing: How Mixing Affects the Width of the Droplet Size Distribution
Authors: Lim Jung‐Sub , Hoffmann Fabian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEntrainment and mixing play an essential role in shaping the droplet size distribution (DSD), with commensurate effects on cloud radiative properties or precipitation formation. In this paper, we use a model that considers all relevant scales related to entrainment and mixing by employing the linear eddy model (LEM) as a subgrid‐scale (SGS) mixing model, coupled with a large‐eddy simulation model and a Lagrangian cloud model (LCM) for a single cumulus congestus cloud. We confirm that the DSD is broadened toward small‐size droplets during homogeneous mixing. During inhomogeneous mixing, the DSD width remains almost unchanged. The DSD width can also be narrowed after mixing. We show that this happens when DSD is broadened toward small‐size droplets, which evaporate rapidly, while larger droplets are almost unaffected. In addition, when droplets ascend during mixing, DSD narrowing is caused when the adiabatic increase in supersaturation is slower than the average droplet evaporation, allowing only the largest droplets to benefit from the newly produced supersaturation. The narrowing mixing scenario prevents clouds from having too broad DSDs and causes the DSD relative dispersion to converge around 0.2 to 0.4. As this scenario is more frequent when the LEM SGS model is used, our results indicate that adequately modeling turbulent mixing is necessary to represent a realistic DSD shape.
Responses of the AC/DC Global Electric Circuit to Volcanic Electrical Activity in the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption on 15 January 2022
Authors: Bór J. , Bozóki T. , Sátori G. , Williams E. , Behnke S. A. , Rycroft M. J. , Buzás A. , Silva H. G. , Kubicki M. , Said R. , Vagasky C. , Steinbach P. , André K. Szabóné , Atkinson M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResponses of the AC and DC global electric circuits (GECs) to the large eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT‐HH) volcano on 15 January 2022 are discussed. The AC‐related investigation is based on Schumann resonance (SR) measurements from six stations on four continents. The DC‐related investigation utilizes atmospheric electric field (potential gradient, PG) measurements from six recording stations in Europe and the USA. According to data from the GLD360 and WWLLN lightning detection networks, the peak lightning stroke rate, 83/s, was dominated by negative polarity lightning, but the distributions of positive and negative lightning discharges in latitude and longitude around the volcano differed. A global intensification of SR is apparent in connection with the enhanced lightning activity caused by the eruption. SR data‐based results confirm that the lightning activity in the eruption dominated the naturally occurring global activity for a period of about 1 hr. The highly localized increase in lightning activity over HT‐HH was a unique point source of SR excitation. PG measurements suggest that impulse‐like charging of the DC GEC, by ∼15%, via negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes took place twice during the eruption. A time constant of 7 or 8 min has been inferred for near‐surface PG changes due to these enhancements. This could be the first direct measurement of the time constant of the GEC near the Earth's surface, as well as the first observation of the direct charging of the DC GEC by a unique atmospheric electrified source.
Understanding Precipitation Bias Sensitivities in E3SM‐Multi‐Scale Modeling Framework From a Dilution Framework
Authors: Liu Nana , Pritchard Michael S. , Jenney Andrea M. , Hannah Walter M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate a set of Energy Exascale Earth System Model Multi‐scale modeling framework (MMF) (E3SM‐MMF) simulations that vary the dimensionality and momentum transport configurations of the embedded cloud‐resolving models (CRMs), including unusually ambitious 3D configurations. Issues endemic to all MMF simulations include too much Intertropical Convergence Zone rainfall and too little over the Amazon. Systematic MMF improvements include more on‐equatorial rainfall across the Warm Pool. Interesting sensitivities to the CRM domain are found in the regional time‐mean precipitation pattern over the tropics. The 2D E3SM‐MMF produces an unrealistically rainy region over the northwestern tropical Pacific; this is reduced in computationally ambitious 3D configurations that use 1,024 embedded CRM grid columns per host cell. Trajectory analysis indicates that these regional improvements are associated with desirably fewer tropical cyclones and less extreme precipitation rates. To understand why and how the representation of precipitation improved in 3D, we propose a framework that dilution is stronger in 3D. This viewpoint is supported by multiple indirect lines of evidence, including a delayed moisture‐precipitation pickup, smaller precipitation efficiency, and amplified convective mass flux profiles and more high clouds. We also demonstrate that the effects of varying embedded CRM dimensionality and momentum transport on precipitation can be identified during the first few simulated days, providing an opportunity for rapid model tuning without high computational cost. Meanwhile the results imply that other less computationally intensive ways to enhance dilution within MMF CRMs may also be strategic tuning targets.
Correlation between retinal vein pulse amplitude, estimated intracranial pressure, and postural change
Authors: Morgan W. H. , Khoo J. , Vukmirovic A. , Abdul-Rahman A. , An D. , Mehnert A. , Obreschkow D. , Chowdhury E. , Yu D. Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is common amongst astronauts on long duration space missions and is associated with signs consistent with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Additionally, CSF pressure has been found to be elevated in a significant proportion of astronauts in whom lumbar puncture was performed after successful mission completion. We have developed a retinal photoplethysmographic technique to measure retinal vein pulsation amplitudes. This technique has enabled the development of a non-invasive CSF pressure measurement apparatus. We tested the system on healthy volunteers in the sitting and supine posture to mimic the range of tilt table extremes and estimated the induced CSF pressure change using measurements from the CSF hydrostatic indifferent point. We found a significant relationship between pulsation amplitude change and estimated CSF pressure change (p < 0.0001) across a range from 2.7 to 7.1 mmHg. The increase in pulse amplitude was highest in the sitting posture with greater estimated CSF pressure increase (p < 0.0001), in keeping with physiologically predicted CSF pressure response. This technique may be useful for non-invasive measurement of CSF pressure fluctuations during long-term space voyages.
Identification of osteosarcoma m6A-related prognostic biomarkers using artificial intelligence: RBM15
Authors: Jiang Jie , Qu Haishun , Zhan Xinli , Liu Dachang , Liang Tuo , Chen Liyi , Huang Shengsheng , Sun Xuhua , Chen Jiarui , Chen Tianyou , Li Hao , Yao Yuanlin , Liu Chong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma has the worst prognosis among malignant bone tumors, and effective biomarkers are lacking. Our study aims to explore m6A-related and immune-related biomarkers. Gene expression profiles of osteosarcoma and healthy controls were downloaded from multiple public databases, and their m6A-based gene expression was utilized for tumor typing using bioinformatics. Subsequently, a prognostic model for osteosarcoma was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and its immune cell composition was calculated using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. We also performed drug sensitivity analysis for these two genes. Finally, analysis was validated using immunohistochemistry. We also examined the RBM15 gene by qRT-PCR in an in vitro experiment. We collected routine blood data from 1738 patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma and 24,344 non-osteosarcoma patients and used two independent sample t tests to verify the accuracy of the CIBERSORTx analysis for immune cell differences. The analysis based on m6A gene expression tumor typing was most reliable using the two typing methods. The prognostic model based on the two genes constituting RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15) and YTDC1 had a much lower survival rate for patients in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group (P < 0.05). CIBERSORTx immune cell component analysis demonstrated that RBM15 showed a negative and positive correlation with T cells gamma delta and activated natural killer cells, respectively. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that these two genes showed varying degrees of correlation with multiple drugs. The results of immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of these two genes was significantly higher in osteosarcoma than in paraneoplastic tissues. The results of qRT-PCR experiments showed that the expression of RBM15 was significantly higher in both osteosarcomas than in the control cell lines. Absolute lymphocyte value, lymphocyte percentage, hematocrit and erythrocyte count were lower in osteosarcoma than in the control group (P < 0.001). RBM15 and YTHDC1 can serve as potential prognostic biomarkers associated with m6A in osteosarcoma.
Morphological and histochemical identification of telocytes in adult yak epididymis
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Yuan Ligang , Chen Shaoyu , Zhang Yong , Ma Xiaojie , Xing Yindi , Song Juanjuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of mesenchymal cell that are closely related to the tissue’s internal environment. The study aimed to investigate the morphological identification of TCs in the epididymis of adult yak and their role in the local microenvironment. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to analyze the cell morphology of TCs. The results showed that there are two types of TCs in the epididymal stroma of yak by TEM; one type is distributed around the capillaries with full cell bodies, longer TPs, and a large number of secretory vesicles; the other is distributed outside the basement membrane with irregularly long, striped, large nuclei and short telopodes (TPs). In addition, these TCs formed complex TC cell networks through TPs with epididymal interstitial capillaries and basal fibroblasts. TCs often appear near the capillaries and basement membrane by special staining. The surface markers of TCs (CD34, vimentin, and CD117) were positively expressed in the epididymal stroma and epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence co-expression of vimentin + CD34 and CD117 + CD34 was observed on the surface of TCs. The trends in the mRNA and protein expression of TCs surface markers revealed expression was highest in the caput epididymis. In summary, this is first report of TCs in the epididymis of yak, and two phenotypes of TCs were observed. The existence and distribution characteristics of TCs in the epididymis of plateau yaks provide important clues for further study of the adaptation to reproductive function in the plateau.
Unfamiliar face matching ability predicts the slope of face learning
Authors: Baker Kristen A. , Mondloch Catherine J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe provide the first examination of individual differences in the efficiency of face learning. Investigating individual differences in face learning can illuminate potential mechanisms and provide greater understanding of why certain individuals might be more efficient face learners. Participants completed two unfamiliar face matching tasks and a learning task in which learning was assessed after viewing 1, 3, 6, and 9 images of to-be-learned identities. Individual differences in the slope of face learning (i.e., increases in sensitivity to identity) were predicted by the ability to discriminate between matched (same-identity) vs. mismatched (different-identity) pairs of wholly unfamiliar faces. A Dual Process Signal Detection model showed that three parameters increased with learning: Familiarity (an unconscious type of memory that varies in strength), recollection-old (conscious recognition of a learned identity), and recollection-new (conscious/confident rejection of novel identities). Good (vs. poor) matchers had higher Recollection-Old scores throughout learning and showed a steeper increase in Recollection-New. We conclude that good matchers are better able to capitalize on exposure to within-person variability in appearance, an effect that is attributable to their conscious memory for both learned and novel faces. These results have applied implications and will inform contemporary and traditional models of face identification.
Substantially elevated serum glutamate and CSF GOT-1 levels associated with cerebral ischemia and poor neurological outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Snider Silvia , Albano Luigi , Gagliardi Filippo , Comai Stefano , Roncelli Francesca , De Domenico Pierfrancesco , Pompeo Edoardo , Panni Pietro , Bens Nicole , Calvi Maria Rosa , Mortini Pietro , Ruban Angela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBrain injury and cerebral vasospasm during the 14 days after the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are considered the leading causes of poor outcomes. The primary injury induces a cascade of events, including increased intracranial pressure, cerebral vasospasm and ischemia, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuronal cell death. The objective of this study was to monitor the time course of glutamate, and associated enzymes, such as glutamate–oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT1), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, shortly after SAH, and to assess their prognostic value. A total of 74 participants participated in this study: 45 participants with SAH and 29 controls. Serum and CSF were sampled up to 14 days after SAH. SAH participants' clinical and neurological status were assessed at hospitalization, at discharge from the hospital, and 3 months after SAH. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the ability of GOT1 and glutamate levels to predict neurological outcomes. Our results demonstrated consistently elevated serum and CSF glutamate levels after SAH. Furthermore, serum glutamate level was significantly higher in patients with cerebral ischemia and poor neurological outcome. CSF GOT1 was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled intracranial hypertension and cerebral ischemia post-SAH, and independently predicted poor neurological outcomes.
The oldest case of paedomorphosis in rove beetles and description of a new genus of Paederinae from Cretaceous amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Tokareva Alexandra , Koszela Katarzyna , Ferreira Vinicius S. , Yamamoto Shûhei , Żyła Dagmara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ecology of extinct species from the Cretaceous is largely unknown. Morphological features of specimens preserved in amber can help to reveal habitats and evolutionary strategies that occurred in fossil lineages. An unusually small rove beetle (Staphylinidae) from the subfamily Paederinae with a Y-shaped suture on the head and modified tarsi and antennae is newly described here as Midinudon juvenis Tokareva & Żyła gen. et sp. nov. We hypothesise that such a combination of characters represents the earliest example of paedomorphosis in Staphylinidae and discuss other possible reasons that could explain the small size and morphological modifications of the new species. We provide the results of total-evidence phylogenetic analysis and discuss the relationships of Midinudon juvenis Tokareva & Żyła gen. et sp. nov. within Paederinae.
The COVID-19 vaccination decision-making preferences of elderly people: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Wang Jimeng , Yi Meixi , Xu Hongteng , Liang Hailun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 is a continuing threat to global public health security. For elderly people, timely and effective vaccination reduces infection rates in this group and safeguards their health. This paper adopted an offline Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) to research the preference for COVID-19 vaccination amongst Chinese adults aged 50 years and above. Through multinomial logistic regression analysis, our DCE leverages five attributes—the risk of adverse reactions, protective duration, injection doses, injection period, and effectiveness—each of which is split into three to four levels. The risk of adverse reaction and the protective duration were demonstrated to be determinants of vaccination preference. Moreover, it was found that socio demographic factors like region, self-health assessment and the number of vaccinated household members can strengthen or weaken the effects of vaccine attributes. In conclusion, the preferences of the elderly population should be considered when developing COVID-19 vaccination programs for this population in China. Accordingly, the results may provide useful information for policymakers to develop tailored, effectively vaccination strategies.
Twin-pulse seeding enables pump-probe capabilities in the EUV to soft X-ray spectrum at synchrotron light sources
Authors: Yang X. , Penn G. , Yu L. H. , Huang X. , Smaluk V. , Shaftan T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHaving previously reported that separating the two stages of echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) with one or more bending magnet (BM) sections allows the BMs to serve as the desired source of momentum compaction, here we demonstrate that this arrangement can greatly reduce the total energy modulation required by any 4th generation synchrotron light source, leading to higher repetition rates as well as stronger coherent radiation output power, with significant benefits. Since the EEHG beamline performance is mainly determined by the momentum compaction, beam emittances and beta functions of a storage ring lattice, allowing for different separations between the two stages is a straightforward way to increase the momentum compaction of chicane 1. This also enables pump-probe capabilities in a novel context, where twin-pulse seeding on the same electron bunch would allow two distinct radiation pulses with an adjustable delay in the range of 0.1 to 10 ps. In the twin-pulse seeding scheme, the same electron bunch could undergo modulation from two distinct laser pulses. Later stages would produce independent harmonics in subsequent straight sections. There are two variations of this twin-pulse seeding scheme, supporting different scientific applications. With a common modulation in stage 1, the first option allows simultaneously two independent radiation sources, with a full coverage of the EUV (2.5 to 50 nm) to soft X-ray (1.25 to 2.5 nm) spectrum; for the second option, the same stage 2 undulator could generate two coherent pulses both fitting within the FEL bandwidth, or at distinct harmonics. We present particle tracking simulation studies based on the APS-U lattice, including quantum excitation and radiation damping. These simulations indicate that there is no degradation of the modulated longitudinal phase space even when the two stages are separated by as many as 10 BM sections.
Double‐state chi‐square test based sparse grid quadrature filtering algorithm and its application in integrated navigation
Authors: WU Yifei , Ma Yinrui , Jiang Ye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAiming to reduce the impact that the measurement uncertainty of nonlinear system brings to filtering accuracy, a novel sparse grid quadrature filter (SGQF) algorithm based on the double‐state chi‐square test is proposed. And the strap‐down inertial navigation system (SINS)/global navigation satellite system (GNSS) integrated navigation system is used to verify the algorithm. A discrete‐time system model with uncertain measurement is constructed, then the system state through the SGQF algorithm is estimated. To determine the uncertainty of the measurement, the double‐state chi‐square test is introduced. By comparing the results of the state recursor, the chi‐square test value is obtained and it is used to update the measurement noise. Further, the system state and error covariance are re‐estimated. So far a robust sparse grid filter algorithm with statistical adjustment of the measurement noise is obtained. The proposed algorithm can overcome the influence of error statistical characteristic amplification on system filtering accuracy. Taking the SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system as the application object, off‐line simulation experiments and online flight tests verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm.