bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Studies of Blazar 1ES 1959+650 Using Swift and XMM-Newton Satellite
Authors: Wani Kiran , Gaur Haritma , Patil M. K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High synchrotron energy peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650 was studied with the Swift and XMM-Newton satellites in a total of 127 observations during the period 2018 June–2020 December. We extensively studied its flux and spectral variability on intraday and long-term timescales. Discrete correlation function analysis between soft and hard X-ray bands indicates soft as well as hard lags. The results were used to constrain the magnetic field of the emitting region, which was found to be 0.64 ± 0.05 G. On long-term timescales, the distribution of fluxes shows lognormal behavior, which could be attributed to the minijets-in-a-jet model or might be due to the propagation of relativistic shocks down the jet. The spectral energy distribution around the synchrotron peak is well described by the log-parabola model. Spectral parameters like the peak energy E

p
, curvature β, and peak luminosity L

p
were derived from spectral analysis. Their correlations were studied to constrain the acceleration processes of the emitting particles. E

p
shows strong correlation with L

p
during the high state of the source, which indicates spectral changes might be caused by the variations of the average electron energy. Low values of the curvature parameter β and a weak correlation between E

p
and β indicate the coexistence of stochastic/statistical acceleration of electrons in the emitting region. Implications of other results are also discussed.
ALMA 1.1 mm Observations of a Conservative Sample of High-redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies in SHELA
Authors: Chworowsky Katherine , Finkelstein Steven L. , Spilker Justin S. , Leung Gene C. K. , Bagley Micaela B. , Casey Caitlin M. , Gronwall Caryl , Jogee Shardha , Larson Rebecca L. , Papovich Casey , Somerville Rachel S. , Stevans Matthew , Wold Isak G. B. , Yung L. Y. Aaron 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a sample of 30 massive (log(M
*/M
⊙) > 11) z = 3–5 quiescent galaxies selected from the Spitzer-HETDEX Exploratory Large Area (SHELA) Survey and observed at 1.1 mm with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations. These ALMA observations would detect even modest levels of dust-obscured star formation, on the order of ∼20 M
⊙ yr−1 at z ∼ 4 at the 1σ level, allowing us to quantify the amount of contamination from dusty star-forming sources in our quiescent sample. Starting with a parent sample of candidate massive quiescent galaxies from the Stevans et al. v1 SHELA catalog, we use the Bayesian Bagpipes spectral energy distribution fitting code to derive robust stellar masses (M
*) and star formation rates (SFRs) for these sources, and select a conservative sample of 36 candidate massive (M
* > 1011
M
⊙) quiescent galaxies, with specific SFRs >2σ below the Salmon et al. star-forming main sequence at z ∼ 4. Based on the ALMA imaging, six of these candidate quiescent galaxies show the presence of significant dust-obscured star formation, and thus were removed from our final sample. This implies a ∼17% contamination rate from dusty star-forming galaxies with our selection criteria using the v1 SHELA catalog. This conservatively selected quiescent galaxy sample at z = 3–5 will provide excellent targets for future observations to constrain better how massive galaxies can both grow and shut down their star formation in a relatively short period.
A Census of WISE-selected Dual and Offset AGNs Across the Sky: New Constraints on Merger-driven Triggering of Obscured AGNs
Authors: Barrows R. Scott , Comerford Julia M. , Stern Daniel , Assef Roberto J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pairs of galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are powerful probes of merger-driven supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth as they can resolve individual AGNs and trace mergers over a large range of physical separations. To exploit this on a large scale for the first time for both obscured and unobscured AGNs, we use the photometric redshifts of AGNs selected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to find probabilistic pairs (<100 kpc separations) across the sky, along with a comparison sample of inactive galaxy pairs. Our final sample of integrated pair probabilities yields 198 AGN–AGN pairs (dual AGNs) and 2767 AGN–galaxy pairs (offset AGNs) with uniformly measured AGN and host galaxy physical properties. We find the fraction of galaxy pairs hosting WISE AGNs is dominated by offset AGNs and is significantly elevated above that of inactive galaxies for large host stellar masses. We show how the AGN merger fraction directly increases with AGN extinction for both offset and dual AGNs, with up to ∼40% of heavily obscured AGNs found in galaxy pairs. Elevated AGN merger fractions coincide with increased host specific star formation rates that suggest merger-driven coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs. Among dual AGNs, the most rapid SMBH growth may occur within the less-massive galaxy. Relative to stochastic mechanisms, mergers produce an excess of AGNs at increasingly smaller separations, especially for obscured AGNs (up to a factor of ∼5), and are augmented by correlated triggering. Finally, this excess is stronger than for lower-luminosity optically selected AGNs, regardless of the AGN obscuration level.
Nonlinear Interaction of Low-frequency Alfvén Waves and Ions
Authors: Wu Xianshu , Shen Chao , Li Jingchun , Dong Jiaqi , Li Kehua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The interaction between Alfvén waves and particles is a critical phenomenon in space and laboratory plasmas, and it has been observed that low-frequency Alfvén waves can accelerate and heat ions through subharmonic resonant interactions. In this study, we use test particle simulations to verify the nonlinear heating of parallelly propagating low-frequency Alfvén waves on ions and analyze the underlying process in terms of the Poincaré section. Our results demonstrate that low-frequency Alfvén waves can periodically pick up ions, leading to oscillations of average parallel velocity and temperature of the plasma by phase mixing, ultimately resulting in the stabilization of acceleration. Furthermore, we have developed an analysis that can estimate the time required for heating and accelerating. In the case of multiple waves, our findings indicate that the presence of more chaotic modes does not necessarily result in better wave heating. We have also discussed the effect of random phases on the heating process. Overall, this research sheds light on the crucial role played by the interaction between Alfvén waves and particles in astrophysics and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the heating and acceleration of ions through subharmonic resonant interactions with low-frequency Alfvén waves. These findings may have significant implications for the understanding of plasma dynamics in a range of astrophysical environments.
Element Abundances in Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Laming J. Martin , Kuroda Natsuha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We outline and discuss a model for the enhanced abundances of trans-Fe elements in impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, where large mass-dependent abundance enhancements are frequently seen. It comes about as a variation of the ponderomotive force model for the first ionization potential (FIP) effect, i.e., the increase in coronal abundance of elements like Fe, Mg, and Si that are ionized in the solar chromosphere relative to those that are neutral. In this way, the fractionation region is placed in the chromosphere and is connected to the solar envelope, allowing the huge abundance variations to occur, which might otherwise be problematic with a coronal fractionation site. The principal mechanism behind the mass-independent FIP fractionation becoming the mass-dependent impulsive SEP fractionation is the suppression of acoustic waves in the chromosphere. The ponderomotive force causing the fractionation must be due to torsional Alfvén waves, which couple much less effectively to slow modes than do shear waves, and upward-propagating acoustic waves deriving from photospheric convection must be effectively mode-converted to fast modes at the chromospheric layer, where Alfvén and sound speeds are equal, and subsequently totally internally reflected. We further discuss observations of the environments thought to be the source of impulsive SEPs and the extent to which the real Sun might meet these conditions.
Modeling the Chemical Enrichment History of the Bulge Fossil Fragment Terzan 5
Authors: Romano Donatella , Ferraro Francesco R. , Origlia Livia , Zwart Simon Portegies , Lanzoni Barbara , Crociati Chiara , Massari Davide , Dalessandro Emanuele , Mucciarelli Alessio , Rich R. Michael , Calura Francesco , Matteucci Francesca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Terzan 5 is a heavily obscured stellar system located in the inner Galaxy. It has been postulated to be a stellar relic, a bulge fossil fragment witnessing the complex history of the assembly of the Milky Way bulge. In this paper, we follow the chemical enrichment of a set of putative progenitors of Terzan 5 to assess whether the chemical properties of this cluster fit within a formation scenario in which it is the remnant of a primordial building block of the bulge. We can explain the metallicity distribution function and the runs of different element-to-iron abundance ratios as functions of [Fe/H] derived from optical-infrared spectroscopy of giant stars in Terzan 5 by assuming that the cluster experienced two major star formation bursts separated by a long quiescent phase. We further predict that the most metal-rich stars in Terzan 5 are moderately He-enhanced, and we predict a large spread of He abundances in the cluster, Y ≃ 0.26–0.335. We conclude that current observations fit within a formation scenario in which Terzan 5 originated from a pristine or slightly metal-enriched gas clump about one order of magnitude more massive than its present-day mass. Losses of gas and stars played a major role in shaping Terzan 5 the way we see it now. The iron content of the youngest stellar population is better explained if the white dwarfs that give rise to type Ia supernovae (the main Fe factories) sink toward the cluster center, rather than being stripped by the strong tidal forces exerted by the Milky Way in the outer regions.
VVV-VIVACE ID 533558 (=OGLE RRLYR-09505): The Half-day Period as a Challenge for the Automatic Searches for Variable Stars
Authors: de Oliveira Salim José Luiza , Saito Roberto K. , Kanaan Antonio , Minniti Dante , Gramajo Luciana , Botan Everton 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Searches for periodic variable stars are susceptible to seasonal aliases caused by sampling. Nightly observations from ground based telescopes produce a large number of false detections at the integer multiples of day−1 frequency. Here we discuss the case of VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea-VIrac VAriable Classification Ensemble (VVV-VIVACE) ID 533558, classified by the VIVACE using machine learning as an EA/EB binary with a period of P = 0.6659 day, in contradiction with a previous classification as an AB-type RR Lyrae with period P = 0.4992 day by the OGLE survey. We discuss the problem of phase coverage causing the misclassification with a wrong period by the VVV, in spite of a robust set of 652 data points over six years of observations. As automatic light-curve classifications of large data sets become more popular, this is a problem that cannot be overlooked.
Evaluation the anti-inflammatory effect of Omega 369 against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Mohammed Yousif Hashim , Hassan Ali Faris 
Published: July 2023

Background: Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, or APAP) poisoning, whether intentional or accidental, is a major general health problem, with its toxicity prevalence significantly increasing in many countries. Currently, acetaminophen is considered one of the main causes of acute liver failure globally.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of Omega-3,6,9 against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino male mice.Methods: Thirty-five albino male mice were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (the negative control) received liquid paraffin orally at a dose of 10 ml/kg for ten days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 10 ml/kg normal saline on the eleventh day of the test. Group 2 (positive control) received liquid paraffin. Group 3 was treated with Omega-3,6,9 (50 mg/kg/80 mL). Group 4 was treated with Omega-3,6,9 (100 mg/kg/35 mL). Group 5 was treated with N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg/10 ml). The mice were treated with Omega-3,6,9, N-acetylcysteine, and liquid paraffin once daily by oral gavage for ten days.Result: TNF-α, IL-10, ALT, and AST levels in the positive control group were significantly higher than those in the negative control group. TNF-α, IL-10, ALT, and AST levels in mice given Omega-3,6,9 (50 mg/kg), Omega-3,6,9 (100 mg/kg), and N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg) orally prior to acetaminophen injection were significantly decreased compared to those in the positive control group.Conclusion: Oral intake of Omega-3,6,9 may reduce the risk of acetaminophen-induced liver damage.
Rousseau et la répétition impossible
Authors: Holmertz Samuel 
Published: July 2023

Cet article propose une relecture des thèmes rousseauistes à travers la notion de répétition afin de mettre en lumière la philosophie de la Présence comme une pensée entièrement tournée contre la répétition. Quelle place accorder, en réalité, à la répétition dans la pensée de Rousseau ? Si elle semble a priori marginale dans sa philosophie, ce concept semble donner une clé de lecture nouvelle. Dans cette perspective, il apparaît que l’armature théorique de Rousseau se caractérise par le souci constant du rejet de la répétition. J’instaure dans ce travail un dialogue entre Rousseau et des penseurs contemporains, comme Derrida, Deleuze, Starobinski ou encore Rosset dans le soin de mettre en évidence la négation absolue de la répétition dans l’élaboration de la théorie naturaliste.
Early Christian Topography in Bet Garmai, Northeastern Mesopotamia
Authors: Nováček Karel 
Published: July 2023

Research into the ecclesiastical organization of the Church of the East in Mesopotamia needs to shift its focus from an overall perspective to the microscale of individual dioceses, their locations, relations and development, and the morphology of their centres. Datasets produced by systematic archaeological surveys have considerable potential as tools for the reconstruction of the Christian landscape in a long-term process of continuity and change, particularly when the resulting spatial structures are combined with topographic data from textual sources. This paper attempts to use this combined historical-archaeological approach for the identification of two episcopal seats in the eparchy of Bet Garmai, which belong to the earliest stratum of dioceses in Mesopotamia: Šahqart and Ḫirbat Ğalāl. The results, as well as a broader view encompassing neighbouring dioceses in Bet Garmai and Ḥadyab, bring to light several features that should be examined in further research. These include a close connection between episcopal seats and urban foci of semi-independent secular power, building of sacred landscapes extra muros, as well as signs of regular coverage of the landscape by Christian administration at the beginning of the 5th century at the latest.
La correspondance de Sévère d’Antioche et de Philoxène de Mabboug avec les chrétiens d’al‑Ḥīra (Ḥirta de Noʿman)
Authors: Alpi Frédéric 
Published: July 2023

L’action du patriarche Sévère d’Antioche (env. 465-538), pendant son pontificat effectif (512‑518), puis lors de son exil en Égypte (518‑538), est très bien documentée dans les sources grecques et syriaques, car ce grand évêque fut le principal adversaire en Orient romain, au début du vie siècle, de la réception du concile de Chalcédoine. Dans cette abondante littérature, se distingue un petit dossier qui atteste son souci pour la chrétienté de Ḥirta de Noʿman (al‑Ḥīra), pourtant installée au‑delà des limites de l’Empire romain d’Orient et du patriarcat d’Antioche : 1) un fragment de lettre de Sévère lui‑même adressée à cette communauté ; 2) une missive du métropolite sévérien et théologien syriaque Philoxène de Mabboug (Manbiğ) envoyée au potentat local, le stratétlatès Abū Yaʿfūr, prédécesseur immédiat du dynaste lakhmide al‑Munḏir III ; 3) le récit rapporté par l’historien byzantin Théodore le lecteur d’une ambassade de deux évêques dépêchés par Sévère auprès de ce dernier. On présentera de ces trois documents un exposé synoptique, pour éclairer les enjeux de la politique de Sévère à l’endroit des Arabes christianisés, aux confins des Empires romain et perse. Il faut en effet comprendre son action aussi bien dans le cadre des conflits dogmatiques en cours au sein du christianisme que dans la perspective plus générale de la politique de l’Empire romain d’Orient vis‑à‑vis de la Perse sassanide.
Preliminary study on surface phytoplankton assemblages and physicochemical parameters, off the west and south-west coasts of Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasiri H.B. 
Published: July 2023

This study evaluates the phytoplankton community structure in relation to physicochemical properties in the western and southwestern coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected from March to April, 2017 at three transect lines towards offshore in Colombo, Beruwala, and Mirissa, each containing 10 sampling sites. The distance between sampling stations on each transect line was approximately 2 km. Phytoplankton samples were collected towing a net (10 µm mesh) by vertical hauls from known depth (2.5 m) and preserved in Lugol’s solution. The phytoplankton were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and counted under the Sedgwick rafter cell using a light microscope. Water samples were collected at 0.5 m depth using the Ruttner Sampler and analysed for chlorophyll-a, nutrients, and total suspended solids (TSS). This study identified 57 phytoplankton species comprised of diatoms (33 species), dinoflagellates (23 species), and cyanobacteria (1 species). In general, phytoplankton abundance and species diversity decreased towards offshore in the three transects. Total phytoplankton and diatom abundances varied significantly among the three transect lines, and significantly higher abundance was reported at Mirissa and Colombo than at Beruwala (One-way ANOVA; p < 0.05). Total phytoplankton abundance significantly correlated with dinoflagellates, toxic species of dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a, and nitrate-N (p < 0.01). Ten toxic species of dinoflagellates were reported in the study. Diatoms dominated (60%) in the study area, followed by cyanobacteria (31%) and dinoflagellates (9%). Diatoms of Cerataulina sp. (31%) and Navicula sp. (50%) were dominant in Colombo and Mirissa respectively, while cyanobacteria of Trichodesmium sp. (85%) dominated in Beruwala, indicating the possibility of blooms of this species at study sites when environmental conditions are favourable.
The eyes see what the mind knows – Interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bansal Rolika , Honavar Santosh G , Varma Ravi , Talloju Shiva Shankar 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In 1978, the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was a remarkable volte-face in the world of diagnostics. Employing the phenomenon of nuclear resonance enables us to exploit the properties of differential protons in living tissues. The ability of providing higher and variable contrast and the absence of ionizing radiations make it superior to computed tomography. Being the diagnostic tool of choice, it is an indispensable part of assessment of the location and characteristics of different ocular and orbital pathologies (vascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic).

Purpose:
The intrinsic and extrinsic properties of MRI provide multi-parametric imaging, making it of paramount importance in ophthalmological evaluation. Also, MRI-dynamic color mapping provides non-invasive and quantitative assessment of soft tissues in motion. An in-depth knowledge of the basic principle and technique of MRI aids in diagnosing as well optimal planning of surgical interventions.

Synopsis:
In this video, we shall be displaying the anatomical, clinical, and radiological aspects of MRI with an overlap to make it easier to understand the implications of this miraculous invention.

Highlights:
A good understanding of MRI analysis makes the ophthalmologists independent and helps in ruling out the differential diagnoses, exact extent and invasion, precise surgical planning and therefore, avoiding tragic outcomes. This video is an attempt to simplify and emphasize on the importance of MRI interpretation for an ophthalmologist.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/r5dNo4kaH8o

Key words: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI in Ophthalmology, Radiology in Ophthalmology
Plaque brachytherapy – Radiating positivity
Authors: Bansal Rolika , Honavar Santosh G , Reddy Vijay Anand P , Talloju Shiva Shankar 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Plaque brachytherapy is an evolving, yet effective globe and vision-sparing modality for the treatment of intraocular tumors by transscleral irradiation of the tumor base with a radioactive implant. The American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) along with the collaboration of the international multicenter Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) was assembled to reach a consensus regarding establishing practice guidelines and setting standards of care for intraocular tumors. The advent of plaque brachytherapy has revolutionized the outcomes of intraocular tumors, thus ensuring globe salvage, reducing morbidity and mortality, and avoiding cosmetic disfigurement. A well-planned dosimetry for plaque brachytherapy results in achieving local tumor control and excellent prognosis.

Purpose:
This technique provides the advantage of focal radiation, thus eliminating the damage to the adjacent structures, minimal periorbital tissue damage, absence of cosmetic disfigurement owing to lack of retarded bone growth as seen in external beam radiotherapy. Thus, it reduces the risk of metastasis, and with the recent advances, it provides a shorter duration of treatment.

Synopsis:
In this video, we shall display the concept of plaque brachytherapy, the various types of plaques available, different radiations sources, planning dosimetry and calculations, target disease spectrum, surgical placement, and post-radiation outcomes in terms of local tumor control and prognosis.

Highlights:
This video highlights the history, basic principles and techniques of plaque brachytherapy and provides an understanding of its applications in the world of ocular oncology.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/7PX0mDQETRY

Key words: Conjunctival tumors, intra-ocular tumors, plaque brachytherapy