bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual predators and diurnal nest predation provide support for the Skutch Hypothesis and explain evolved incubation behaviors in a montane tropical bird community
Authors: Şahin Arslan Necmiye , Martin Thomas E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Skutch (1949) Hypothesis that nest predation risk constrains parental nest activity has important implications for the evolution of parental care strategies, but the required conditions for the hypothesis to operate have been questioned. We found the necessary conditions existed in a montane tropical bird community where 95.4% of predation events (n = 456) occurred during daylight hours and almost all predators (n = 224) were visually oriented. Moreover, incubation strategies for 21 passerine species were explained by nest predation rates as proposed by the Skutch Hypothesis. Hourly rates of visits to the nest were lower among species with higher nest predation rates, and achieved in part by longer on- and off-bouts. Incubation attentiveness (percent of time incubating) does not necessarily affect parental nest activity and was not related to nest predation rates. Nest predation rates were greater in enclosed- than open-nesting species, counter to long-standing views. Moreover, nest predation was usually higher in the nestling period when parents were more actively visiting nests than during incubation for enclosed- but not open-nesting species. This increase in nest predation in the nestling period for enclosed-nesting species might indicate proximate predation responses to parental nest activity that underlie the evolutionary patterns. Adult mortality also can exert selection on evolved strategies. Following life history theory, annual adult mortality probability explained residual variation in incubation behaviors, while accounting for nest predation, with longer-lived species exhibiting lower nest activity and attentiveness. Ultimately, the conditions for the Skutch Hypothesis were clear and evolved behaviors suggest an important influence of natural selection by nest predation in this montane tropical bird community. At the same time, different patterns of nest predation between open- and enclosed-nesting species emphasize a need for further research into how parental nest activity interacts with nest type to affect predator detection of nests.
The role of lipid-modified proteins in cell wall synthesis and signaling
Authors: Quinn Oliver , Kumar Manoj , Turner Simon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic extracellular matrix. Plant primary cell walls are the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate cell expansion. Specialized cells deposit a secondary cell wall that provides support and permits water transport. The composition and organization of the cell wall varies between cell types and species, contributing to the extensibility, stiffness, and hydrophobicity required for its proper function. Recently, many of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis, maintenance, and remodeling of the cell wall have been identified as being post-translationally modified with lipids. These modifications exhibit diverse structures and attach to proteins at different sites, which defines the specific role played by each lipid modification. The introduction of relatively hydrophobic lipid moieties promotes the interaction of proteins with membranes and can act as sorting signals, allowing targeted delivery to the plasma membrane regions and secretion into the apoplast. Disruption of lipid modification results in aberrant deposition of cell wall components and defective cell wall remodeling in response to stresses, demonstrating the essential nature of these modifications. Although much is known about which proteins bear lipid modifications, many questions remain regarding the contribution of lipid-driven membrane domain localization and lipid heterogeneity to protein function in cell wall metabolism. In this update, we highlight the contribution of lipid modifications to proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of plant cell walls, with a focus on the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, N-myristoylation, prenylation, and S-acylation.
Floor-to-Stand Performance Among People Following Stroke
Authors: Davis Angela F , Klima Dennis W , Leonard Amanda , Miller Stephanie A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Studies have examined floor-to-stand performance in varied adult populations both quantitatively and qualitatively. Despite an elevated risk of falls and inability to independently return to stand after a fall, few have examined the ability to stand from the floor in patients recovering from stroke. There were 2 objectives of the study: to identify the relationships between floor-to-stand performance using a timed supine-to-stand test (TSS) and physical performance measures of gait, balance, and balance confidence among persons in the subacute phase after stroke; and to analyze descriptive strategies used in the completion of the TSS.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was implemented. Fifty-eight adults (mean age = 59.2 [standard deviation (SD) = 13.9] years; 34 [58.6%] men) who were in the subacute phase after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and who could stand from the floor with no more than supervision completed the TSS and physical performance assessments.

Results
The median time to complete the TSS in our sample was 13.0 (interquartile range = 15.5) seconds. TSS time was significantly correlated with physical performance tests, including the Timed “Up & Go” Test (ρ = 0.70), gait speed (ρ = −0.67), Dynamic Gait Index (ρ = −0.52), and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ρ = −0.43). Thirty-two percent of the variance in TSS time was attributed to Timed “Up & Go” Test time and the use of the quadruped position to transition to standing. Participants who used a gait device were more likely to use a chair during rise to stand.

Conclusion
The TSS demonstrates concurrent validity with physical performance measures.

Impact
Findings serve to improve functional mobility examination after stroke and to formulate effective treatment interventions to improve floor-to-stand performance.
Cancer mortality associated with low education in Italy
Authors: Pizzato Margherita , di Maso Matteo , Collatuzzo Giulia , Pelucchi Claudio , Turati Federica , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Boffetta Paolo , Alicandro Gianfranco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
This study provides a nationwide representative quantification of the impact of educational inequalities on cancer mortality in Italy.

Methods
The study is based on prevalence data and mortality rate ratios according to levels of education obtained from the Italian 2011 census cohort, including &gt;35 million individuals aged 30–74. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and the number of cancer deaths associated with low education (below university degree) in Italy by sex.

Results
PAFs for low levels of education were 29.1% among men and 13.3% among women, corresponding to 22,271 cancer deaths associated with low education in men and 7456 in women in 2019. PAFs by cancer site in men were: 53.0% for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), 44.6% for liver, 41.3% for stomach, 41.3% for lung, 37.0% for bladder, 18.5% for colorectal, 9.8% for prostate and 9.1% for pancreatic cancers. PAFs in women were: 44.5% for cervical, 36.1% for UADT, 34.9% for stomach and 13.9% for colorectal cancers. The cancer sites with the highest number of deaths associated with low education were lung among men (7902/22,271, 35.5%) and colorectum among women (780/7456, 10.5%).

Conclusions
About a quarter of cancer deaths in 2019 in Italy may be prevented by reducing the socioeconomic determinants that contribute to educational disparities in cancer mortality.
Common Venture Capital Investors and Startup Growth
Authors: Eldar Ofer , Grennan Jillian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We exploit the staggered introduction of liability waivers when investors hold stakes in conflicting business opportunities as a shock to venture capital (VC) investment and director networks. After the law changes, we find increases in within-industry VC investment and common directors serving on startup boards. Despite the potential for rent extraction, same-industry startups inside VC portfolios benefit by raising more capital, failing less, and exiting more successfully. VC directors serving on other startup boards are the primary mechanism associated with positive outcomes, consistent with common VC investment facilitating informational exchanges in VC portfolios.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Pregnancies in women with antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody associated vasculitis
Authors: Pecher Ann-Christin , Henes Melanie , Henes Joerg C. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV) usually manifests after age fifty, thus making it very rare during reproductive age. Although rare, AAV, particularly eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, can manifest at a younger age. AAV can also appear for the first time during pregnancy.

Recent findings
Data from pregnant patients with AAV mostly derive from case reports or retrospective studies, with an absolute number of <100 published cases. Therefore, numbers of results of pregnancy outcome vary widely.

Summary
As with other chronic autoimmune diseases, patients and infants seem to be at a higher risk for preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia. Possible treatment for AAV in pregnancy depends upon gestational age and include glucocorticosteroids, azathioprine, intravenous immunoglobulins, and in severe cases rituximab and even cyclophosphamide. Plasma exchange might be an option in selected patients. Aside from cyclophosphamide these medications can also be used during breastfeeding. Acetylsalicylic-acid 100–150 mg/day reduces the risk of preeclampsia, also in this population. Patients should be counseled prior to conception and medication that is suitable for pregnancy should be established early on. During pregnancy, we recommend close monitoring of disease activity, blood pressure and ideally to co-consult with a gynecologist in an interdisciplinary approach.
Unveiling the enigma of the blood–brain barrier in glioblastoma: current advances from preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed H. , Canney Michael , Carpentier Alexandre , Thanou Maya , Idbaih Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain malignancy in adults, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment. Current therapeutic strategies for GBM patients involve maximal safe resection, followed by radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. However, despite this multimodal approach for GBM, the prognosis of GBM patients remains dismal because of their inherent primary and secondary resistances to treatments.

Recent findings
Several molecular and cellular mechanisms, including the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), contribute to these resistances. The BBB, comprising multiple layers surrounding brain vessels, acts as a barrier limiting effective drug delivery to the brain. Invasive and noninvasive tools to deliver drugs and pharmaceutical formulations locally or systemically are continuously evolving to overcome the BBB in GBM toward improving drug bioavailability in the brain and reducing systemic toxicities.

Summary
Preliminary studies utilizing these approaches have demonstrated promising results in terms of safety and signals of efficacy during early-phase clinical trials. However, further work through additional clinical trials is necessary to evaluate the potential clinical benefits for GBM patients.
Chin Reduction Made Simpler
Authors: Shah Mardan Qutaiba N.M. , Almonaie Shahd , Al Qurashi Abdullah A. , Mrad Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2023

Summary:Deformities of the chin, including both macrogenia or microgenia, can alter facial aesthetics and harmony. Various reliable approaches to correct chin abnormalities are present. Nonetheless, in this article, we propose our surgical approach to reduce the chin with a 5-mm cutting burr, without the need for osteotomy. The ultimate goal of this new procedure is to provide optimum outcomes, ensure maximum safety, reduce the complication risk, and present a simple and fast option for chin reduction.
Elevated blood pressure accelerates white matter brain aging among late middle-aged women: a Mendelian Randomization study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Feng Li , Ye Zhenyao , Mo Chen , Wang Jingtao , Liu Song , Gao Si , Ke Hongjie , Canida Travis A. , Pan Yezhi , Greevenbroek Marleen M.J. van , Houben Alfons J.H.M. , Wang Kai , Hatch Kathryn S. , Ma Yizhou , Lei David K.Y. , Chen Chixiang , Mitchell Braxton D. , Hong L. Elliot , Kochunov Peter , Chen Shuo , Ma Tianzhou 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a modifiable risk factor associated with cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the causal effect of BP on white matter brain aging remains unclear.

Methods:
In this study, we focused on N = 228 473 individuals of European ancestry who had genotype data and clinical BP measurements available (103 929 men and 124 544 women, mean age = 56.49, including 16 901 participants with neuroimaging data available) collected from UK Biobank (UKB). We first established a machine learning model to compute the outcome variable brain age gap (BAG) based on white matter microstructure integrity measured by fractional anisotropy derived from diffusion tensor imaging data. We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate the causal effect of BP on white matter BAG in the whole population and subgroups stratified by sex and age brackets using two nonoverlapping data sets.

Results:
The hypertension group is on average 0.31 years (95% CI = 0.13–0.49; P < 0.0001) older in white matter brain age than the nonhypertension group. Women are on average 0.81 years (95% CI = 0.68–0.95; P < 0.0001) younger in white matter brain age than men. The Mendelian randomization analyses showed an overall significant positive causal effect of DBP on white matter BAG (0.37 years/10 mmHg, 95% CI 0.034–0.71, P = 0.0311). In stratified analysis, the causal effect was found most prominent among women aged 50–59 and aged 60–69.

Conclusion:
High BP can accelerate white matter brain aging among late middle-aged women, providing insights on planning effective control of BP for women in this age group.
Prevalence and Persistence of Hypertransmission Defects of Various Sizes in Eyes with Intermediate Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Nanegrungsunk Onnisa , Corradetti Giulia , Phinyo Phichayut , Choovuthayakorn Janejit , Sadda Srinivas R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence and rate of persistence over two years of various-sized hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD).

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data from consecutive iAMD patients. Choroidal en face OCT images were evaluated for the presence and number of hyperTDs of three different sizes based on greatest linear dimension (small, 63-124 µm; medium, 125-249 µm; large, ≥250 µm) at baseline and at 2-years follow-up. Interreader agreement was determined by Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC). Disagreements between graders were resolved by the senior investigator to yield a single consensus for all cases.

Results:
From 273 iAMD eyes (247 patients), 72 and 76 hyperTD lesions were independently identified by two graders at baseline and overall AC was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.93). After adjudication by the senior grader, the final consensus yielded 78 hyperTD lesions from 46 eyes (16.8%) of 42 patients (17.0%) in this study cohort. Among eyes with follow-up OCT, 32 of 45 hyperTD lesions (71.1%) persisted. The rates of persistence were 100.0%, 72.7% and 53.3% in large, medium and small hyperTD sizes, respectively.

Conclusion:
HyperTDs were present in a significant proportion of iAMD eyes. Acceptable interreader agreement was demonstrated in identifying hyperTD. Larger hyperTD lesions were more likely to persist over two years.
Implications of Complete Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Eyes with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Zheng Yuxi , Woodward Richmond , Feng Henry L , Lee Terry , Zhang Xinxin , Pant Praruj , Thomas Akshay S. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the status of the posterior vitreous hyaloid on presenting optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the macula and its relationship to clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods:
This is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of consecutive patients with acute, treatment-naïve CRVO diagnosed between 2009-2021 who had at least 12 months of follow-up. Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were analyzed between eyes stratified based on presence or absence of a complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on OCT at presentation.

Results:
Of 102 acute, treatment-naïve CRVOs identified, 52 (51%) had complete PVD at presentation, and 50 (49%) did not. Central subfield thickness (CST) was significantly lower in those with complete PVD (12 months: 284.9 ± 122.9 μm vs 426.8 ± 286.4 μm, p<0.001; last follow-up: (278 ± 127.9 vs 372.8 ± 191.0 μm, p=0.022). One-year intravitreal injection burden was significantly less for those with a complete PVD than those without (5.1 ± 3.6 injections vs 6.7 ± 3.3 injections, p=0.013).

Conclusion:
CRVO with complete PVD on presentation had significantly lower CST and 1-year injection burden. Assessment of the vitreomacular interface in CRVO may serve as a prognostic imaging biomarker.
Bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles on video laryngoscope from 2011 to 2022
Authors: Shiao Chih-Chung , Wu Jui-Teng , Chu Ya-Chun , Tang Yu-Hsuan , Huang Lawrence , Lai Hsien-Yung 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The popularity of video laryngoscope (VL) has increased rapidly since its introduction in the late 1990s. However, a comprehensive overview of VLs evolution and impact is lacking, which merits further investigation.

Methods:
We conducted a bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles on VL (Top100VL) published between 2011 and 2022 and retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Using social network analysis, we identified the subject terms and subject categories of the Top100VL and compared their citation counts across individual subject terms and categories via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, we employed the Medical Query Expert software to assess the practical applications of VL.

Results:
The Top100VL included 65 subjects across nine subject categories, with “anesthesiology” being the most frequently represented category and “coronavirus infections” with the highest impact factor. The citation counts inferred by subject categories significantly correlated with the actual citation counts (Pearson’s R = 0.4; p < 0.01). For enhanced visualization, we employed network visualization and Sankey diagrams to display the article characteristics. We highlighted the clinical advantages of VL, including its usefulness in difficult intubations, wider angle of view, and management of pediatric emergencies, as well as its teaching benefits, such as facilitating training programs and a lower learning curve.

Conclusion:
By using bibliometric analysis and natural language processing methods, we effectively summarized the applications of VL in both clinical and teaching settings, particularly in reducing the risk of cross-infection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.
Assessment of the detection accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test in children and adolescents: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Cheng-Chieh , Lee Mei-Hui , Chen Shih-Yen , Lu Shou-Cheng , Bai Chyi-Huey , Ko Yu-Ling , Wang Chien-Ying , Wang Yuan-Hung 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Real-time and appropriate antigen tests play a pivotal role in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, a previous meta-analysis reported that the antigen test had lower sensitivity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in children. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic efficiency, we performed an updated meta-analysis to assess the detection accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests stratified by days after symptom onset and specimen type in children and adolescents.

Methods:
We comprehensively searched for appropriate studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies on the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents were included. The relevant data of the included studies were extracted to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per-patient basis. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests were estimated using a bivariate random-effects model.

Results:
Seventeen studies enrolling 10 912 patients were included in the present meta-analysis. For the detection accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests, the meta-analysis generated a pooled sensitivity of 77.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.3%-85.8%) and a pooled specificity of 99.6% (95% CI: 98.9%-99.8%). The subgroup analysis of studies that examined antigen tests in symptomatic participants ≦7 days after symptom onset generated a pooled sensitivity of 79.4% (95% CI: 47.6%-94.2%) and a pooled specificity of 99.4% (95% CI: 98.2%-99.8%). Another subgroup analysis of studies that evaluated nasal swab specimens demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 80.1% (95% CI: 65.0%-89.7%) and a pooled specificity of 98.5% (95% CI: 97.3%-9.2%).

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated that the antigen test performed using nasal swab specimens exhibited high sensitivity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 within 7 days after symptom onset. Therefore, antigen testing using nasal swabs may be effective in blocking SARS-CoV-2 transmission in children.
Outcomes of adding cognitive behavioral therapy to medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder
Authors: LeBlanc Taylor , Cromer Pamela , Gilliam Stephen , Johnson Aaron , Garvin Jane 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
With increasing rates of opioid overdose deaths throughout the United States, there is an urgent need to implement interventions to mitigate this trend. Psychosocial interventions are reported to improve retention rates in rehabilitation centers with medication-assisted treatment (MAT) programs for opioid use.

Local problem:
In 2020, 14% (187 of 1,309) of opioid overdose deaths in Georgia were in Dougherty County where an intensive outpatient MAT program had historically used twice weekly group therapy plus individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with an inconsistent duration and frequency.

Method:
Using existing clinical data, a quality-improvement project was designed and implemented to determine whether 60 min of CBT every other week, in addition to weekly group therapy, and prescription medication would result in higher opioid use disorder treatment retention rates.

Intervention:
A 6-month data analysis of monthly MAT reports compared program retention rates from the 3 months before to 3 months after the policy change.

Results:
The retention rate significantly increased from 8% to 56% (χ2 = 8.93, p = .01) following the policy change, adding consistent (98%) individual CBT every other week.

Conclusions:
Implementing a policy with a consistent 60 min of individual CBT every other week in addition to the group counseling twice a week and the prescribed medication was associated with an increased retention rate among patients engaged in MAT for opioid use.