bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ist die therapeutische Mundpflege bei Dysphagiepatient*innen verschwendete Zeit? Ein narrativer Review zu Effekten der Mundpflege auf die Pneumoniehäufigkeit und Ableitung einer Handlungsempfehlung
Authors: Müller Nina , de Beer Carola , Frank Ulrike 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAspirationspneumonien sind eine häufige Todesursache bei Dysphagiepatient*innen. In diesem Beitrag wird durch die Evaluation relevanter Studien die Frage untersucht, ob die therapeutische Mundpflege bei Dysphagiepatient*innen zur Verringerung des Pneumonierisikos beitragen kann. Zudem wird auf dieser Grundlage eine Handlungsempfehlung für die Umsetzung der Mundpflege entwickelt.Die ausgewählten Studien zeigen, dass die Mundpflege einen positiven Effekt auf das Pneumonie-Risiko von Dysphagiepatient*innen hat. Sie sollte auf den Grundsätzen Einfachheit, Sicherheit, Arbeitskräfteentlastung, Wirksamkeit, Universalität, Wirtschaftlichkeit und vollständige Mundpflege aller Teile der Mundhöhle beruhen und nimmt weniger als fünf Minuten täglich ein. Sie bereitet durch die taktile Stimulation auf die anschließende Dysphagie-Therapie vor und ist somit sinnvoll investierte Therapiezeit.
Herausforderungen und Anpassungsstrategien von Leistungserbringern in
der beruflichen Rehabilitation – Eine gemischt-methodische
Analyse
Authors: Reims Nancy , Rauch Angela , Nivorozhkin Anton 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die diesem Artikel zugrundeliegende Forschungsfrage ist,
(zukünftige) maßgebliche Herausforderungen von
Leistungserbringern (LE) und die damit einhergehenden
Bewältigungsstrategien zu identifizieren. Unter Herausforderungen
verstehen wir Anforderungen, die von außen an den LE herangetragen
werden und die die Einrichtung als zentral für ihre Arbeit ansieht.
Betrachtet werden LE, die im Dezember 2016 rehabilitationsspezifische
Maßnahmen in Kostenträgerschaft der Bundesagentur für
Arbeit angeboten haben.
Methode Der Studie liegt ein Mixed-Methods-Design zugrunde. Im Sommer 2017
wurde eine quantitative Onlinebefragung der LE (n=266)
durchgeführt, sowie vertiefende qualitative leitfadengestützte
Interviews (44 Vertreter:innen bei 32 LE) bis Mitte 2019. Die Ergebnisse sind
Resultat einer Faktorenanalyse (STATA) sowie Analysen im Sinne der Grounded
Theory (MaxQDA).
Ergebnisse Die Expert:innen bei den LE thematisieren vor allem drei
Herausforderungszusammenhänge oder -typen: 1. Wettbewerbliche
Rahmenbedingungen (wie sinkende Teilnehmendenzahlen, zunehmender Preiswettbewerb
oder steigender Kostendruck), 2. Veränderungen in der
Teilnehmendenstruktur (wie sinkende Bildungskompetenzen, mehr Teilnehmende mit
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, psychischen Erkrankungen oder
Mehrfachbehinderungen) und 3. Veränderte Anforderungen des
Arbeitsmarktes (wie wachsende Bedeutung computergestützter
Tätigkeiten, höhere Anforderungen an die Qualifikationen oder
Rückgang an einfachen Tätigkeiten). Bei den ersten beiden Typen
finden sich klare und meist übergreifende Strategien. So
verändern LE im Rahmen des ersten Typus das Einrichtungsportfolio oder
öffnen sich für Zielgruppen. Auf den zweiten Typus reagieren sie
je nach Handlungskontext mit der Weiterbildung des Personals, Entfristungen oder
Neueinstellungen von vor allem psychologischem Personal sowie Nachverhandlungen
mit den Kostenträgern. Beim dritten Typus allerdings findet sich ein
sehr breites Bild mit wenigen klaren und übergreifenden
Handlungsstrategien. Generell sehen die LE auch die Kostenträger in der
Pflicht, den Reha-Prozess zu optimieren; dies bezieht sich insbesondere auf die
Maßnahmezuweisung und die Bereitstellung von flexibleren und
individuelleren Maßnahmekonzepten.
Schlussfolgerungen Es gibt kein Patentrezept, um auf aktuelle und
zukünftige Herausforderungen zu reagieren. Allerdings hat die
Covid-19-Pandemie gezeigt, dass Strategien für erwartbare Entwicklungen
– wie die Notwendigkeit mit der Digitalisierung voranzukommen –
nicht auf die lange Bank geschoben werden dürfen.
Prognostic Analysis of a Hypoxia-Associated lncRNA Signature in Glioblastoma and its Pan-Cancer Landscape
Authors: Qin Yue , Zhang Xiaonan , Chen Yulei , Zhang Wan , Du Shasha , Ren Chen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an important clinical feature of glioblastoma (GBM), which regulates a variety of tumor processes and is inseparable from radiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with survival outcomes in GBM patients and modulate hypoxia-induced tumor processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a hypoxia-associated lncRNAs (HALs) prognostic model to predict survival outcomes in GBM patients.
Methods LncRNAs in GBM samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Hypoxia-related genes were downloaded from the Molecular Signature Database. Co-expression analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and hypoxia-related genes in GBM samples was performed to determine HALs. Six optimal lncRNAs were selected for building HALs models by univariate Cox regression analysis.
Results The prediction model has a good predictive effect on the prognosis of GBM patients. Meanwhile, LINC00957 among the six lncRNAs was selected and subjected to pan-cancer landscape analysis.
Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that the HALs assessment model can be used to predict the prognosis of GBM patients. In addition, LINC00957 included in the model may be a useful target to study the mechanism of cancer development and design individualized treatment strategies.
An analog fiber optic link developed for electrical pulse signal transmission
Authors: Lv Z. J. , Sheng L. , Li Y. , Zhang M. , Tian G. , Ruan L. B. , Zhang Y. X. , Zhao J. Z. 
Published: April 2023

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) around the devices for ionizing radiation experiments is a serious concern. In order to reduce EMI and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, a new type of analog fiber optic link (FOL) has been developed for fast pulse signal transmission under complicated electromagnetic fields. Electrical signals are converted to optical signals through an electro-optical conversion process using the amplitude modulation mechanism. After long-distance transmission, optical signals can also be restored via photoelectric conversion. Each link has a transmitter unit connected via a fiber optic cable to the receiver unit. The transmitter unit consists of a distributed feedback laser, a driver circuit made of amplifiers, and an automatic temperature control module, while the receiver unit consists of a PIN detector, a transimpedance amplifier, a main amplifier, and a third order active low-pass filter. A prototype of this link has been fabricated and tested. The test results show that the transmission bandwidth of the analog signals is DC ∼ 155 MHz, the transmission delay is a typical 21 ns, the linear dynamic range is greater than 56 dB (692 times larger), the output noise is less than 4.5 mV, and the transmission distance is up to several kilometers, which can meet the requirements of ionizing radiation experiments. The FOL demonstrates great performance in transmission for scientific research with high quality in terms of transmission bandwidth, linearity, security, and stability.
An X-band compact rectangular waveguide TE10-circular waveguide TE01 mode converter
Authors: Jiang Tao , Jiang Zili , Bai Weida , Yang Guang , Xiong Zhengfeng 
Published: April 2023

This paper proposed an X-band compact efficient rectangular waveguide TE10-circular waveguide TE01 mode converter and conducted its structure design, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental research. This mode converter is composed of a rectangular waveguide TE10–TE20 mode converter and a rectangular waveguide TE20-circular waveguide TE01 mode converter. In the design of the rectangular waveguide TE20-circular waveguide TE01 mode converter, a rectangular waveguide step is used to counteract the microwave reflection due to the discontinuity of the rectangular–circular waveguide connection, and two choke slots are involved to suppress the TE21 mode in the circular waveguide by cutting off the axial component of its surface current on the waveguide wall, so as to improve the TE01 mode conversion efficiency. The simulation results show that the reflection coefficient of the mode converter is less than 5% and the TE01 mode conversion efficiency is about 98.4% at the operation frequency of 9.3 GHz. The bandwidth with a transmission coefficient greater than 98% is about 200 MHz. The back-to-back experimental system is demonstrated, and the experimental results show that the measured TE01 mode conversion efficiency is about 98.2%, which is consistent with the simulation result.
Infection of primary nasal epithelial cells differentiates among lethal and seasonal human coronaviruses
Authors: Otter Clayton J. , Fausto Alejandra , Tan Li Hui , Khosla Alisha S. , Cohen Noam A. , Weiss Susan R. 
Published: April 2023

The nasal epithelium is the initial entry portal and primary barrier to infection by all human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We utilize primary human nasal epithelial cells grown at air–liquid interface, which recapitulate the heterogeneous cellular population as well as mucociliary clearance functions of the in vivo nasal epithelium, to compare lethal [Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV)] and seasonal (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E) HCoVs. All four HCoVs replicate productively in nasal cultures, though replication is differentially modulated by temperature. Infections conducted at 33 °C vs. 37 °C (reflective of temperatures in the upper and lower airway, respectively) revealed that replication of both seasonal HCoVs (HCoV-NL63 and -229E) is significantly attenuated at 37 °C. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV replicate at both temperatures, though SARS-CoV-2 replication is enhanced at 33 °C late in infection. These HCoVs also diverge significantly in terms of cytotoxicity induced following infection, as the seasonal HCoVs as well as SARS-CoV-2 cause cellular cytotoxicity as well as epithelial barrier disruption, while MERS-CoV does not. Treatment of nasal cultures with type 2 cytokine IL-13 to mimic asthmatic airways differentially impacts HCoV receptor availability as well as replication. MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 expression increases with IL-13 treatment, whereas ACE2, the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, is down-regulated. IL-13 treatment enhances MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E replication but reduces that of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, reflecting the impact of IL-13 on HCoV receptor availability. This study highlights diversity among HCoVs during infection of the nasal epithelium, which is likely to influence downstream infection outcomes such as disease severity and transmissibility.
Examining the use of reflexive metadiscourse in the construction of affiliative communication in group email
requests
Authors: McKeown Jamie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This qualitative study examines how male-identified and female-identified individuals use reflexive metadiscourse
in the construction of affiliative communication, i.e., a mode of communication traditionally coded as feminine. Specifically, it
examines requests made in the public context of group email. Both reflexive metadiscourse and affiliative communication are
analysed with the concept of indexicality, and two novel sub-categories (i.e., directing and committing) are added to an existing
taxonomy. The findings show that whether communicating to institutional subordinates, equals, or superiors, female-identified and
male-identified senders displayed great similarity in their use of reflexive metadiscourse in the construction of affiliative
communication. Amongst other things, reflexive metadiscourse indirectly indexed the following communicative behaviours associated
with affiliative communication: sharing contextual information, expressing supportive feedback, constructing diminutive personas,
and suppressing personal agency. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings and directions for
future research.
Structural arrangement and improved thermoelectric figure of merit in hexagonal SiX (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) monolayers: understanding from first-principles calculations
Authors: Murari Himanshu , Ghosh Subhradip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Materials with thermoelectric (TE) efficiencies comparable to Carnot efficiency are desirable for applications in devices that use TE effects to produce electricity from heat. The figure of merit of a TE material is a measure of its efficiency. This quantity is determined by the intricate interplay of electronic and thermal transport parameters. Layered materials at low dimensions, such as 2D monolayers, have been in focus with regard to the quest for new TE materials. Group III–VI semiconductors in their 2D monolayers have exhibited fascinating TE properties. Naturally, it is expected that isoelectronic IV–V semiconductors will possess similar novelty. In this work, we have investigated the electronic, dynamical and TE properties of IV–V monolayer SiN, SiP, SiAs, SiSb and SiBi using first-principles electronic structure methods in conjunction with the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. Unlike previous studies, here the focus was to compute and analyse the effects of structural arrangements on TE properties. We found that upon consideration of an alternative stacking arrangement in the systems, significant changes occur in the transport phenomena, leading to a large figure of merit and thus TE efficiency. A comprehensive comparative analysis is presented to interpret the results. This work bears significance in the fact that it demonstrates a very important structure–property relationship aspect for these compounds that has been overlooked so far, and this approach may lead to the discovery of new TE materials with desirable efficiencies.
Electric resistivity evolution in NiTi alloys under thermomechanical loading: phase proportioning, elasticity and plasticity effects
Authors: Lopes Leal Júnior Marcos , Pino Laurent , Barati Mahmoud , Saint-Sulpice Luc , Daniel Laurent , Arbab Chirani Shabnam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The well-known martensitic transformation is the main feature for almost all shape memory alloys (SMAs) usage. Meanwhile, the practical implementation of SMA in devices is not straightforward due to the evolution of their functional properties in operation. This evolution is mainly due to the different interactions between the martensite transformation (MT) or detwinning and mechanisms such as plasticity. Although these mechanisms are extensively studied by fine and precise techniques (e.g. high energy x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy), their impact on a macroscopic level (usage scale) are not fully clarified. In this work, the effects of some of the most influential mechanisms in a NiTi alloy are investigated by using electric resistivity measurements at macroscopic scale. Distinct phase proportioning approaches are employed to analyze the martensitic transformation kinetic. It is found that, unlike elastic strains, plastic strains are a key influential factor on resistivity variations in SMAs. It is also shown that the use of an assumption of linearity between fraction of stress-induced martensite and strain transformation can lead to unrealistic interpretations of transformation mechanisms in NiTi wires.
Spin polarization and Fano–Rashba resonance in nonmagnetic graphene
Authors: Lu Wei-Tao , Sun Qing-Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the symmetry of spin transport in graphene with the Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and the staggered potential, which can be produced by depositing the graphene on a transition-metal dichalcogenides substrate. The results show that all three spin polarization components along the x, y and z directions are achieved with a measurable conductance in such a nonmagnetic graphene. The spin transport property near the two valleys is discussed in the light of the symmetry of the system. Both conductance and spin polarization present some certain symmetries with respect to the Rashba SOC (RSOC) and staggered potential. The system could work as a valley-spin polarization transverter which combines valleytronics and spintronics. Furthermore, the asymmetric Fano–Rashba resonance of the conductance and spin polarization could occur in a resonant structure due to interference of spin-polarized discrete and continuum states induced by the RSOC. The Fano–Rashba resonance can be effectively controlled by the gate voltage. The derived symmetry relations and numerical results could provide a guideline for the design of spin-valley-based devices.
General and transferable tight binding model for two-dimensional Bismuth allotropes
Authors: Chen Xi-An , Li Shifang , Li Jin , He Chaoyu , Ouyang Tao , Zhang Chunxiao , Tang Chao , Zhong Jianxin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Owing to the abundance of allotropes and strong spin-oribital coupling effects (SOC), two-dimensional bismuth materials have attracted great research interest. At present, the most common methods used to calculate the accurate electronic properties accurately are the first-principles calculations based on the hybrid functional HSE06 or GW methods However, HSE06 and GW calculations are hugely time-consuming, especially for large unit-cell systems and high-throughput calculations with a huge number of structures. To study the electronic properties of 2D bismuth allotropes effectively, we propose a general and transferable Slater-Koster tight-binding based on the Bi sp3d5 hybridization, and the set of SK parameters were obtained by fitting the HSE band structures of three Bi allotropes (β-Bi, MBi and αω-Bi). Our results show that our TB model can accurately calculate the electronic properties of different 2D Bi allotropes, including the band structures, orbital projection and topological edge states. Our TB model with excellent transferability and accuracy might facilitate future numerical studies on electronic properties of 2D Bi allotropes with different structures efficiently.
Experimental benchmark data for Monte Carlo simulated radiation effects of gold nanoparticles. Part I: Experiment and raw data analysis
Authors: Rabus Hans , Hepperle Philine , Schlueter Christoph , Hloskovsky Andrei , Baek Woon Yong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Electron emission spectra of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) after photon interaction were measured over the energy range between 50 eV and 9500 eV to provide reference data for Monte Carlo radiation-transport simulations. Experiments were performed with the HAXPES spectrometer at the PETRA III high-brilliance beamline P22 at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) for photon energies below and above each of the gold L-edges, that is, at 11.9 keV, 12.0 keV, 13.7 keV, 13.8 keV, 14.3 keV, and 14.4 keV. The study focused on a sample with gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11.0 nm on a thin carbon foil. Additional measurements were performed on a sample with 5.3 nm gold nanoparticles and on reference samples of gold and carbon foils. Further measurements were made to calibrate the photon flux monitor, to characterize the transmission function of the electron spectrometer, and to determine the size of the photon beam. This allowed the determination of the absolute values of the spectral particle radiance of secondary electrons per incident photon flux. The paper presents the experimental and raw data analysis procedures, reviews the data obtained for the nanoparticle samples, and discusses their limitations.
Design and fabrication of a tiny micro-pressure sensor with improved linearity and sensitivity
Authors: Ma Ye , Lei Cheng , Liang Ting , Jia Pinggang , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Wentao , Xiong Jijun , Wang Bingyan , Chen Guofeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of key industries such as new energy vehicles, smart homes, smart phones and consumer grade drones, the demand for high performance miniature micro-pressure sensors is also growing promptly. At prssent, most of the pressure sensors of this type adopt a C-type structure, and the thickness of the sensitive diaphragm needs to be continuously thinned in order to improve the sensitivity of this type sensor, which leads to its sensitivity to etching errors and makes it difficult to ensure the linearity of the pressure sensor. Based on this, we designed a tiny micro-pressure half active Wheatstone bridge piezoresistive pressure sensor with C-type square diaphragm structure, whose area is reduced by shortening the number of leads and pads, through ion impantation on the surface of the diaphragm to create piezoresistors, using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology to release the pressure sensitive diaphragm with length of 460 μm × 460 μm, thinkness of 7.5 μm. The buried oxygen layer in the SOI (silicon on insulator) can play a role of stopping the etching, which assures the uniformity of the released sensitive diaphragm and the linearity of the sensor while maintains its sensitivity. Before preparing a pressure sensor, simulation data is used to predict whether the test results meet the design requirements. In this paper, the influence of piezoresistors position offset on the performance of the pressure sensor is analyzed by means of simulation, which improves the accuracy of the designed model and guarantees its performance parameters can meet the design indicators. Finally, the static characteristics of the sensor is calibrated. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is up to 0.538 mV/kPa in the range of 40 kPa at room temperature, and the nonlinear error is only 0.386% FS. This study provides some new ideas and references for the design work of high performance micro-pressure sensors.
Plasma-stimulated great reduction of diffusion activation energies for B, Al, and Ag in Si
Authors: Zhang Lili , Xu Wanjin , Xu Tianchao , He Renchuan , Huang Rong , Liu Chuanqin , Li Yanping , Dingsun An , Xiao Chi-Jie , Qin Guogang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work made an in-depth study on the transport of B, Al and Ag ions in an inductively coupled plasma-Si system. The plasma-stimulated impurity ion transport is demonstrated to be described by an implantation-diffusion two-step process rather than a pure diffusion process reported previously. The first step is impurity ion implantation under sheath voltage induced by plasma, which determines the impurity ion quantity into Si. The second step is plasma-stimulated impurity ion diffusion, which determines impurity ion transport depth in Si. An approximate solution to this implantation-diffusion process is deduced. Plasma-stimulated diffusion coefficients (D) for B, Al and Ag ions in Si are obtained by fitting the measured secondary ion mass spectroscopy concentration profiles with this equation. Furthermore, plasma-stimulated diffusion activation energies for B, Al and Ag ions in p-Si at 0 °C–120 °C are determined to be 0.22, 0.36 and 0.18 eV by Arrhenius plots, which are much lower than diffusion activation energies of 0.4–0.7, 1.2 and 1.15 eV for interstitial B, Al and Ag ions in Si without plasma reported in literatures. The great reduction of diffusion activation energy makes it possible for impurities to diffuse at room temperature or lower temperatures. The view of plasma-stimulated impurity ion transport is of significant importance on semiconductor technology and device degradation research.