bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and fatal penetration of the cranium by an airgun pellet—a case study from Poland
Authors: Glowinski Sebastian , Majdanik Sławomir , Potocka-Banaś Barbara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Airguns with the energy of ejected pellets below 17 J are not considered weapons in Poland, can be purchased without permission, and do not require registration. The mere possession of this kind of airgun does not entail any legal consequences, unless it is used for an unauthorized purpose. Sports and recreational shooting do not have to take place within shooting ranges. However, the improper use of this type of weapon can lead to serious injuries and death. In addition, the impact of high blood alcohol content on pain perception can lead to a lack of awareness of the gunshot.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old woman died a few hours after a head injury inflicted by a 5.50-mm caliber pellet fired from an air gun. The first pellet penetrated perpendicularly through the left temporal bone to the brain. The gunshot tract of this head wound was 6 cm long and ran horizontally and perpendicularly to the surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone. The tract ran through the skin of the skull, the left temporal muscle, and the squamous part of the temporal bone (where the bone was only 1.5 mm thick). The pellet then penetrated the cerebral dura mater, cerebral pia mater on the borderline of the left temporal and frontal lobes, and left lateral wall of the sphenoidal sinus. The victim did not complain of pain due to a high level of alcohol intoxication (0.35 blood alcohol content). The pellet from the second shot (on the foot) penetrated the right foot and was inflicted by the victim.

Conclusion
The victim died not earlier than 3 h after being shot as a result of intracranial injuries that caused hemorrhage. The outcomes of this study indicated that high alcohol content resulted in reduced awareness of the victim and no apparent symptoms of developing intracranial injuries.
BIS-guided sedation prevents the cough reaction of patients under general anaesthesia caused by extubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Erfei , Zhao Xiaoying , An Xiaoyan , Wang Min , Gao Jie , Zhang Hailiang , Li Ying 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The multiple modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission including airborne, droplet, contact and faecal–oral transmissions that cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to a public threat to the lives of people worldwide. Heavy aerosol production by coughing and the big peak expiratory flow in patients with respiratory infections (especially SARS-CoV-2) during recovery from general anaesthesia are the highest risk factors for infection in healthcare workers. To perform sedation before extubation significantly reduced the incidence of coughing during recovery from general anaesthesia. However, there are few studies on endotracheal tube removal under BIS-guided sedation in postanaesthesia care unit (PACU). We speculated that the BIS-guided sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol would better prevent coughing caused by tracheal extubation and reducing peak expiratory flow.

Methods
Patients with general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to Group S (dexmedetomidine was infused in the operating room for 30 min, and the bispectral index (BIS) value was maintained 60–70 by infusion propofol at 0.5~1.5 μg/ml in the PACU until the endotracheal tubes were pulled out) and Group C (no dexmedetomidine and propofol treatment, replaced with the saline treatment). The incidence of coughing, agitation and active extubation, endotracheal tube tolerance and the peak expiratory flow at spontaneous breathing and at extubation were assessed.

Results
A total of 101 patients were randomly assigned to Group S (51 cases) and Group C (50 cases). The incidence of coughing, agitation and active extubation was significantly lower (1(51), 0(51) and 0(51), respectively) in Group S than (11(50), 8(50) and 5(50), respectively) in Group C (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively); the scores of cough were significantly reduced (1(1, 1)) in Group S than (1(1, 2)) in Group C (p < 0.01); and the endotracheal tube tolerance was significantly improved (0(0, 1)) in Group S than (1(1, 3)) in Group C (p < 0.001). The peak expiratory flow at spontaneous breathing and at extubation was significantly reduced (5(5, 7) and 6.5(6, 8), respectively) in Group S than (8(5, 10) and 21(9, 32)) in Group C (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
BIS-guided sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol significantly prevented coughing and reduced peak expiratory flow during recovery from general anaesthesia, which may play an important role in preventing medical staff from contracting COVID-19.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200058429 (registration date: 09-04-2022) “retrospectively registered”.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Kidney Failure in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Wu Natalie L. , Chen Yan , Dieffenbach Bryan V. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Hingorani Sangeeta , Howell Rebecca M. , Jefferies John L. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Weil Brent R. , Yuan Yan , Yasui Yutaka , Hudson Melissa M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Chow Eric J. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Kidney failure is a rare but serious late effect following treatment for childhood cancer. We developed a model using demographic and treatment characteristics to predict individual risk of kidney failure among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS Five-year survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) without history of kidney failure (n = 25,483) were assessed for subsequent kidney failure (ie, dialysis, kidney transplantation, or kidney-related death) by age 40 years. Outcomes were identified by self-report and linkage with the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the National Death Index. A sibling cohort (n = 5,045) served as a comparator. Piecewise exponential models accounting for race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, nephrectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, congenital genitourinary anomalies, and early-onset hypertension estimated the relationships between potential predictors and kidney failure, using area under the curve (AUC) and concordance (C) statistic to evaluate predictive power. Regression coefficient estimates were converted to integer risk scores. The St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study and the National Wilms Tumor Study served as validation cohorts. RESULTS Among CCSS survivors, 204 developed late kidney failure. Prediction models achieved an AUC of 0.65-0.67 and a C-statistic of 0.68-0.69 for kidney failure by age 40 years. Validation cohort AUC and C-statistics were 0.88/0.88 for the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (n = 8) and 0.67/0.64 for the National Wilms Tumor Study (n = 91). Risk scores were collapsed to form statistically distinct low- (n = 17,762), moderate- (n = 3,784), and high-risk (n = 716) groups, corresponding to cumulative incidences in CCSS of kidney failure by age 40 years of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4 to 0.7), 2.1% (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.9), and 7.5% (95% CI, 4.3 to 11.6), respectively, compared with 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.5) among siblings. CONCLUSION Prediction models accurately identify childhood cancer survivors at low, moderate, and high risk for late kidney failure and may inform screening and interventional strategies.
Factors Associated With Response to Growth Hormone in Pediatric Growth Disorders: Results of a 5-year Registry Analysis
Authors: Ross Judith , Fridman Moshe , Kelepouris Nicky , Murray Kristine , Krone Nils , Polak Michel , Rohrer Tilman R , Pietropoli Alberto , Lawrence Neil , Backeljauw Philippe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Growth hormone (GH) therapy can increase linear growth in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome (TS), Noonan syndrome (NS), and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), although outcomes vary by disease state.

Objective
To assess growth and identify factors associated with growth response with long-term GH therapy.

Methods
Data from pediatric patients with GHD, TS, NS, and PWS obtained at GH treatment initiation (baseline) and annually for 5 years in the ANSWER Program and NordiNet® IOS were analyzed retrospectively. Height standard deviation score (HSDS) was assessed over time, and multivariate analyses determined variables with significant positive effects on growth outcomes in each patient cohort.

Results
Data from patients with GHD (n = 12 683), TS (n = 1307), NS (n = 203), and PWS (n = 102) were analyzed. HSDS increased over time during GH treatment in all cohorts. Factors with significant positive effects on ΔHSDS were younger age at GH initiation and lower HSDS at baseline (all cohorts) and higher GH dose (GHD and TS only); sex had no effect in any cohort. The modeling analysis showed that ΔHSDS was greatest in year 1 and attenuated over consecutive years through year 5. Estimated least-squares mean ΔHSDS values at year 5 by cohort were 1.702 (females) and 1.586 (males) in GHD, 1.033 in TS, 1.153 in NS, and 1.392 in PWS.

Conclusion
Long-term GH therapy results in large increases in HSDS in patients with GHD, TS, NS, and PWS. Greater gains in HSDS can be obtained with higher GH doses and earlier initiation of treatment.
Imaging of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Tillema Jan-Mendelt 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article summarizes neuroimaging findings in demyelinating disease, the most common being multiple sclerosis. Revisions to criteria and treatment options have been ongoing, and MRI plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and disease monitoring. The common antibody-mediated demyelinating disorders with their respective classic imaging features are reviewed, as well as the differential diagnostic considerations on imaging.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The clinical criteria of demyelinating disease rely heavily on imaging with MRI. With novel antibody detection, the range of clinical demyelinating syndromes has expanded, most recently with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–IgG antibodies. Imaging has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and disease progression, and further research is underway. The importance of increased detection of pathology outside of the classic lesions will have an important role as therapeutic options are expanding.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
MRI has a crucial role in the diagnostic criteria and differentiation among common demyelinating disorders and syndromes. This article reviews the typical imaging features and clinical scenarios that assist in accurate diagnosis, differentiation between demyelinating diseases and other white matter diseases, the importance of standardized MRI protocols in clinical practice, and novel imaging techniques.
A Year at the Forefront of Proteostasis and Aging
Authors: Thompson Maximilian A. , De-Souza Evandro A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTDuring aging, animals experience a decline in proteostasis activity, including loss of stress-response activation, culminating in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates, which are causal in the onset of some chronic diseases. Finding genetic and pharmaceutical treatments that can increase organismal proteostasis and lengthen life is an ongoing goal of current research. The regulation of stress responses by cell non-autonomous mechanisms appears to be a potent way to impact organismal healthspan. In this Review, we cover recent findings in the intersection of proteostasis and aging, with a special focus on articles and preprints published between November 2021 and October 2022. A significant number of papers published during this time increased our understanding of how cells communicate with each other during proteotoxic stress. Finally, we also draw attention to emerging datasets that can be explored to generate new hypotheses that explain age-related proteostasis collapse.
Sustainability of mangrove forest management in the former bauxite mining area on Bintan Island
Authors: Azizah Diana , Hamidy Rasoel , Mubarak . , Efriyeldi . , Said Raza’i Tengku , Muzammil Wahyu , Pardi Hilfi 
Published: February 2023

Background : The bauxite mining area on Bintan Island continues to expand into the mangrove forest area. Mangrove forests have ecological, economic, and social importance, which must be managed accordingly to maintain their sustainability. This research was conducted to examine the sustainability of mangrove forest management in the former bauxite mining area on Bintan Island. Methods: The approach used is Multi Dimensional Scaling- Rapid Appraisal for Sustainability through the modified Rapfish ordinance software technique for the Mangrove Ecosystem. The type of data used is quantitative, covering five dimensions of sustainability, namely ecological, economic, social, legal and institutional as well as technology. Results: The results showed that the sustainability index status of the ecological, social, legal and institutional dimensions was quite sustainable, while the sustainability index of the economic dimension was unsustainable, and the technological dimension was less sustainable. Attributes of levers that are sensitive to the sustainability of mangrove forest management are: 1) Mangrove density, 2) Substrate fraction, 3) sedimentation, 4) Mangrove importance index, 5) Bio-concentration factor, 6) Benefit value direct, 7) Indirect benefit value, 8) Dependence on mangrove forest as a source of livelihood, 9) Corporate Social Responsibility funding support, 10) Community income, 11) Community health level, 12) Community perception, 13) Legality of mangrove area and mining, 14) Pollution monitoring technology in ex-mining areas and 15) Mangrove rehabilitation technology. Conclusions:The status of the mangrove forest sustainability index on Bintan Island is quite good. the economic and technological dimensions can be upgraded to sustainable status by carrying out management that is more focused on the lever attributes of the ecological, social, legal and institutional dimensions.
Application of computer vision techniques for 3D matching and retrieval of archaeological objects
Authors: Jiménez-Badillo Diego , Mendoza-Montoya Omar , Ruiz-Correa Salvador 
Published: February 2023

Background: As cultural institutions embark in projects oriented to digitise art and archaeological collections in three dimensions, the need for developing means to access the resulting 3D models has become imperative. Shape recognition techniques developed in the field of computer vision can help in this task. Methods: This paper describes the implementation of three shape descriptors, specifically shape distributions, reflective symmetry and spherical harmonics as part of the development of a search engine that retrieves 3D models from an archaeological database without the need of using keywords as query criteria. Use case: The usefulness of this system is obvious in the context of cultural heritage museums, where it is essential to provide automatic access to archaeological and art collections. The prototype described in this paper uses, as study case, 3D models of archaeological objects belonging to Museo del Templo Mayor, a Mexican institution that preserves one of the largest collections of Aztec cultural heritage. Conclusions: This work is part of an ongoing project focused on creating generic methodologies and user-friendly computational tools for shape analysis for the benefit of scholars and students interested in describing, interpreting and disseminating new knowledge about the morphology of cultural objects.
Breast cancer related physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains of quality of life among women in Bahrain
Authors: Narayanan Gayathripriya , Awadallah Muyssar Sabri , Krishnasamy Rajeswari 
Published: February 2023

Background: The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of life (QOL) among women with breast cancer and associate the QOL with selected background variables. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted for the study. Data collection was done in oncology units of tertiary care centers. The sample type includes woman with breast cancer at stage I or II or IIIa as per TNM classification. A purposive sampling technique was followed with a total sample size of 60. The tool used was the Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire - Breast Cancer Version by National Medical Center & Beckman Research institute. Results: The QOL among study participants revealed that 42 (70%) had average QOL and 18 (30%) had poor QOL. The QOL was examined in various domains such as physical wellbeing, where the mean score was 38.47, the psychological wellbeing mean score was 60.58, social wellbeing mean was 38.10 and spiritual wellbeing mean was 38.58. There was an association between residence and occupation with QOL at p<0.05. Further there was an association between the clinical variable such as period and stages of cancer at p<0.05 and type of treatment at p<0.01. Conclusions: Breast cancer diagnosis has an undeniable effect on women at work, home and can have rapid consequences for other members in the family. Evaluation of QOL and associated factors would help the health care professionals especially nurses to organize health promotion activities and counselling sessions in varied health care settings to overcome challenges and improve Quality of Life.
Researchers on research integrity: a survey of European and American researchers
Authors: Allum Nick , Reid Abigail , Bidoglia Miriam , Gaskell George , Aubert-Bonn Noémie , Buljan Ivan , Fuglsang Simon , Horbach Serge , Kavouras Panagiotis , Marušić Ana , Mejlgaard Niels , Pizzolato Daniel , Roje Rea , Tijdink Joeri , Veltri Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

Background: Reports of questionable or detrimental research practices (QRPs) call into question the reliability of scientific evidence and the trustworthiness of research. A critical component of the research ecosystem is the organization within which research takes place. We conducted a survey to explore the attitudes and beliefs of European and American researchers about the organisations in which they work, their own research practices and their attitudes towards research integrity and research integrity policies. Methods: We administered an online survey (International Research Integrity Survey (IRIS)) to 2,300 active researchers based in the US and 45,000 in Europe (including UK, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland). We employed a stratified probability sample of the authors of research articles published between 2016 and 2020 included in Clarivate’s Web of Science citation database. Coverage includes researchers in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and medical sciences, who hold at least a master’s level degree. Results: In comparison to researchers in the US, European researchers admit to more QRPs and are less confident in maintaining high research integrity (RI) standards. In the US and Europe, many researchers judge their organization to fall short of best RI practice. All researchers recognize the benefits of RI, reliable knowledge and the trust of colleagues and the public, and there is support for RI training particularly among Europeans. Conclusion: To create and maintain a culture of integrity in scientific research, a collective commitment from researchers, their institutions and funders is needed. Researchers rely on many channels of communication about research integrity and thus the involvement of many different participants in the research system is required to make improvements. Policies must be developed to reinforce best practice rather than being seen as an irrelevance to the real business of research.
Antibiotic versus surgery in the treatment of acute appendicitis in the pregnant population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Candrawinata Valeska , Hanafi Ricarhdo , Baskoro Bernard Agung , Irawan Andry , Ekapatria Christofani , Christina Natalia Maria , Koerniawan Heru Sutanto , Halim Freda 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in pregnant women. There has been a wide variance in clinical practice worldwide, with some favoring an antibiotic-only approach while others prefer surgery as the first-line management. Therefore, we designed the current analysis to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of antibiotics versus surgery management. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, EuropePMC, and Cochrane Central from March 4, 1904 until November 25, 2022, to look for studies comparing antibiotics and surgery in pregnant patients with acute appendicitis. We only included studies that provided a comparison between the two treatments. We included preterm delivery, fetal loss, maternal death, and complications as outcomes. The results were compared using an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. We also performed a sensitivity analysis by excluding studies with a serious risk of bias. Results: We included five non-randomized studies for the analysis. We found that patients in the antibiotic group had a lower risk of preterm labor (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.43–0.92]; p 0.02) but a higher risk of complications (OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.19–2.69]; p 0.005). We did not find any difference in the other outcomes. Conclusion: The increased risk of complications should caution clinicians about using antibiotics as the first-line management. More studies are required to identify patients who would benefit the most before antibiotics could be adopted as a treatment for acute appendicitis in pregnant patients.
Should small volume CBCT imaging be used for managing complex dental trauma? a case report
Authors: Keshtgar Asma , Noar Joseph 
Published: February 2023

Avulsion injuries are a severe type of dental trauma that can result in sequelae such as root resorption, ankylosis and tooth loss. We report on an unusual case where a previously avulsed, replanted and root-treated UR1 did not erupt for 3 years, and then spontaneously erupted. Findings from a small volume CBCT scan showed significant internal root resorption extending to the root wall, which supports an explanation of the internal root resorption removing an area of ankylosis and allowing the tooth to erupt. The value of using dental CBCT scanning is highlighted in managing complex dental trauma. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The use of a small volume CBCT scan can give insight into the clinical presentation of post-traumatic tooth movement.