bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital evaluation of tea aroma intensity and odor characteristics changes during processing
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Wang Yuchao , Hong Lei , Wang Yuze , Huang Yixiang , Chen Yiling , Li Mingzhe , Jia Yun , Wu Zeyan , Wang Haibin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuangjingui (Camellia sinensis)，a kind of oolong tea, is native to Anxi County, Fujian Province, China, and is a national tea tree species. Tea processing is the key link in the formation of its aroma characteristics, and it is important to analyze the influence of each processing process on the aroma intensity and odor characteristics of tea, in order to optimize the tea processing process and improve the quality of tea.ResultsThe processing process favored the accumulation of volatile compounds in oolong tea, as evidenced by the increase in their content from 9.793 to 123.052 μg/kg, of which the highest content was mainly in terpenoids, alcohols and esters substances. The aroma formation of oolong tea was mainly composed of 14 key compounds, among which the most critical compounds were four substances such as geraniol, α‐pinene, methyl salicylate and trans‐β‐ionone. The typical odor characteristics of oolong tea were floral and wood, among which the formation of floral odor mainly came from geraniol and methyl salicylate, and the formation of wood odor characteristics mainly came from α‐pinene and trans‐β‐ionone. Further analysis showed that the aroma quality of oolong tea could be improved by focusing on key processes such as fermentation and kneading during the processing of oolong tea.ConclusionThe processing was conducive to the accumulation of aroma compounds of oolong tea, improving the aroma intensity of tea leaves and forming the unique floral and wood odor characteristics of oolong tea.
Esterified unpopped foxnut (Euryale ferox) starch: molecular and rheological characterization
Authors: Bhat Mohmad Sayeed , Arya Shalini S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcetylated‐based starches are broadly used in the food industry as emulsifiers, and as thickening and film‐forming agents. Better understanding of the structural and rheological parameters would facilitate the selection of optimal acetylated starches for particular applications. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and rheological properties, including elasticity (G'), loss (G") moduli, complex viscosity (η*) and study shear stress (δ), were determined for acetylated fox nut starch (FNS) samples.RESULTSThe degree of substitution (DS) varied significantly with increasing acetyl concentration from 2–6%. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of acetylated FNS showed an additional chemical shift at 2.08 ppm in comparison with native FNS, confirming the linking of the H or the –OCH3 group. The acetylated FNS starches showed better short‐range ordering of molecules, as confirmed by FTIR. A significant increase in the functional and gelatinization properties with increasing acetyl concentration was observed. The power law parameters (n, K) and dynamic moduli (G' and G") increased with increasing acetyl concentration and presented shear thinning behavior. The gelatinization peak temperature and enthalpy decreased with increasing acetyl concentration.CONCLUSIONThe observed DS below 2.5 would mean safe food consumption and the significant alteration of functional and structural properties with varying acetyl content will extend the use of FNS in food and allied industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robotics in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer
Authors: Freyaldenhoven Samuel T. , Tsukada Hisashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe diagnosis of peripheral small lung lesions by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy is still inferior to computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy. Robotic bronchoscopy is a new technology that may be a potential breakthrough in the diagnosis of small lung lesions. Real‐time tools such as electromagnetic navigation, radial‐endobronchial ultrasound, and cone beam CT may further improve the diagnostic yield rate may further improve the diagnostic yield rate. In this article, we reviewed early experience of robotic bronchoscopy for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
Observing customer stress and engagement: An intercultural perspective
Authors: Temerak Mohamed Sobhy , Zhang Ruby Wenjiao , Lages Cristiana Raquel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince observing customers outnumber focal customers in most service interactions, service managers aim to engage them despite triggers, such as service incivility. This research contributes to the understanding of the role of stress in observing customers' engagement (CE). It answers two RQs: (1) What is the relationship between their stress and engagement?; (2) What are the triggers of stress? Since ethnically different people pay different levels of attention to contextual and social factors, two sequential scenario‐based experiments are adopted to study two triggers of stress (i.e., availability of information about an incivility incident, and ethnic similarity between the observing customer and the mistreated employee), which impacts CE in an intercultural service encounter. Study 1 compares being exposed to full versus partial information and demonstrates that full information about the incivility incident increases observers' psychological stress, which reduces their behavioral and emotional engagement. Study 2 compares how white and black observers react to ethnic similarity between the observing customer and the mistreated employee. Results show that incivility triggers outward psychological stress in white and black observers. In turn, black observers' outward stress reduces their behavioral engagement, while white observers' behavioral engagement is reduced by both their inward and outward stress.
Effect of β3‐adrenoceptor agonist on the micromotion of bilateral major pelvic ganglion‐excised rat bladder
Authors: Son Hee Seo , Moon Soo Young , Kwon Joonbeom , Kim Jang Hwan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsMicromotion is an autonomous intramural movement of the bladder, and is believed to be an initial step in the generation of urinary urgency. Therefore, controlling micromotion may be a novel target in overactive bladder (OAB) treatment. However, developing micromotion treatment has been limited by the absence of a standardized animal model. We attempted to create a micromotion animal model and investigated the effectiveness of a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist (CL316,243) on micromotion.MethodsBilateral major pelvic ganglia (MPGs) were excised in 18 male Sprague–Dawley rats, resulting in an almost completely denervated bladder. On postoperative Day 7, cystometry was performed. Rats were divided into three treatment groups: CL316,243; β3‐adrenoceptor antagonist (SR59230A) pretreated CL316,243; and a nonselective antimuscarinic agent (oxybutynin). Changes in micromotion were evaluated after the intra‐arterial administration of each agent.ResultsLow‐amplitude oscillations in intravesical pressure (micromotion) were observed 1 week after MPGs excision. Micromotion frequency significantly (p = 0.003) decreased (2.17 ± 3.54 times/5 min) with CL316,243 compared with vehicle (6.33 ± 1.97 times/5 min). Micromotion amplitude also decreased with CL316,243 (1.15 ± 1.93 cmH2O) compared with vehicle (5.96 ± 5.12 cmH2O), approaching conventional significance (p = 0.090). No significant decreases in frequency or amplitude were observed with oxybutynin treatment.ConclusionsSystemic administration of the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist CL316,243 effectively controlled micromotion in bilateral MPGs‐excised, almost completely denervated rat bladders. This result indicates that β3‐adrenoceptor agonist may affect the bladder directly, suggesting that it might be effective for overall OAB, regardless of the presence or level of neurological deficits. Bilateral MPGs‐excised rats are considered a plausible micromotion animal model suitable for future research.
Impact of supplemental thiamin on lactate levels in adults with septic shock
Authors: Blakeslee Paul A. , Hyrkäs Kristiina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundElevated lactate levels at 24 h are highly predictive of in‐hospital mortality in adults with septic shock. Thiamin is closely involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and in thiamin‐deficient states, increased lactic acid levels can be found, exacerbated by critical illness. This integrative literature review focused on the relationship between supplemental thiamin, lactate clearance, and impact on mortality in sepsis.MethodsA search in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL was conducted for literature published between January 2016 and January 2021. We included observational studies and clinical trials with ≥10 participants. We excluded studies involving pediatric (<18 years old) populations, animal studies, case studies, dropout rate of >20%, nonhospitalized patients, or patients receiving comfort measures only.ResultsA total of 48 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility, with 15 evaluated for this integrative review. Included were five retrospective, two prospective observational, and eight randomized controlled trials. In almost all retrospective studies, thiamin administration was associated with decreased mortality, and in observational studies, with decreased lactate and improved clinical outcomes. In clinical trials, thiamin with or without vitamin C/hydrocortisone did not impact clinical outcomes or mortality. However, four trials testing intravenous thiamin 200–500 mg two to three times daily for up to 3 days reported improved lactate clearance.ConclusionsThiamin supplementation may improve lactate clearance when administered in the first 24 h. Those deficient in thiamin may benefit more from supplementation. The combination of thiamin, vitamin C, and/or hydrocortisone may not be advantageous. Lactate reduction in response to thiamin needs further rigorous research.
A diagnostic test to examine early improvement as a predictor of later response to lurasidone in bipolar depression
Authors: Kishi Taro , Nakamura Hiroshi , Kato Tadafumi , Iwata Nakao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionKato et al. reported results of a 6‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of lurasidone in adults with bipolar depression (BDep).AimWe performed a post hoc analysis using data from the lurasidone trial to predict later responses from early improvements.MethodsAn early improvement was defined as a ≥20% reduction in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score at Week 2; response was defined as a ≥50% reduction in MADRS total score at Week 6; symptomatic remission were defined as a score of ≤8 on MADRS total score at Week 6.ResultsBoth sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were higher for the remission outcome than for the response outcome. The interpretation of sensitivity and NPV in the lurasidone group when remission is an outcome is as follows. It means (1) that, from all remitters at Week 6, 80.6% was identified as such at Week 2 on the basis of their early improvement and (2) that a patient showing non‐improvement at 2 weeks had 93.5% probability of being a non‐remitters at Week 6. However, the values of specificity for both response and remission in the lurasidone group were not high.ConclusionPatients who did not show an early response at Week 2 cannot be predicted with a high probability to also show poor improvement at Week 6. In fact, some patients who did not show early response at 2 weeks might have marked improvement at 6 weeks.
Converter inlet temperature control in flue gas acid‐making process based on equivalent input disturbance and model prediction
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Wang Meiqi , Wang Kang , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Guihai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAiming at the problem of performance degradation of flue gas acid‐making control system caused by system uncertainty and external interference, this paper presents a model predictive control scheme based on an equivalent input disturbance (MPC‐EID) for the temperature tracking control of flue gas acid production systems. First, a nonlinear Wiener model is established for the process, which can well character the nonlinear change of process temperature. Second, design the overall control strategy and complete the design of MPC and EID, the observer estimates the equivalent input disturbance, and compensates the estimated value in a feed‐forward manner to obtain the final composite control rate to achieve the rapidity, accuracy and robustness to the disturbance of the reference temperature tracking. Third, a rigorous stability analysis shows that the closed‐loop system is stable. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the MPC combined with EID method is more efficient compared with MPC and MPC‐PID approaches.
Reduced modelling and optimal control of epidemiological individual‐based models with contact heterogeneity
Authors: Courtès C. , Franck E. , Lutz K. , Navoret L. , Privat Y. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryModelling epidemics using classical population‐based models suffers from shortcomings that so‐called individual‐based models are able to overcome, as they are able to take into account heterogeneity features, such as super‐spreaders, and describe the dynamics involved in small clusters. In return, such models often involve large graphs which are expensive to simulate and difficult to optimize, both in theory and in practice. By combining the reinforcement learning philosophy with reduced models, we propose a numerical approach to determine optimal health policies for a stochastic individual‐based model taking into account heterogeneity in the population. More precisely, we introduce a deterministic reduced population‐based model involving a neural network, designed to faithfully mimic the local dynamics of the more complex individual‐based model. Then the optimal control is determined by sequentially training the network until an optimal strategy for the population‐based model succeeds in also containing the epidemic when simulated on the individual‐based model. After describing the practical implementation of the method, several numerical tests are proposed to demonstrate its ability to determine controls for models with contact heterogeneity.
Novel nanoscale vanillin based covalent triazine framework as a novel carrier for sustained release of imatinib
Authors: Asadi Parvin , Taymouri Somayeh , Khodarahmi Ghadamali , Jalali Hanieh , Zaker Hoorieh , Sadeghi‐Aliabadi Hojjat , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study deal with introducing a novel biocompatible porous nanomaterial for anticancer drug delivery. For this purpose, a porous covalent triazine framework (CTF) was prepared by a solvothermal reaction. The structure and morphology characterization of the synthesized CTF was done through different techniques. Imatinib (IMA) were loaded thoroughly into the CTF to form IMA‐loaded CTF (IMA@CTF) in which drug loading and encapsulation efficiency was calculated to be 82% and 96%, respectively. The releases of 73% and 48%% after 72 h for the IMA@CTF were obtained in pH = 5.3 and pH = 7.4, respectively, which reflected pH‐dependent behavior as well as sustained imatinib release. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity effect of CTF and IMA@CTF assessed after 48 h incubation with normal cell line L929 as well as K562 cells. The biocompatibility study indicated reasonable biosafety of the synthesized CTF and MTT assay on chronic myeloma cancer cells showed no reduction effect in the anticancer activity of IMA after incorporating into CTF. The results demonstrated the synthesized CTF could be as a promise anti‐cancer drug carrier.
Dynamic mechanical, ballistic and tribological behavior of luffa aegyptiaca fiber reinforced coco husk biochar epoxy composite
Authors: Rao H. Jeevan , Nagabhooshanam N. , Kumar D. Sendil , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Verma Rajesh , Jyothirmai Gandeti , Ravindra Manam , Mohanavel V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the current work, light weight epoxy bio‐composites are created for low‐cost technological applications using luffa aegyptiaca fiber and biochar particles derived from coco husk (CHB). This study aims to evaluate the effects of CHB particles added at different concentrations (3 vol% and 5 vol%) on the dynamic mechanical, ballistic and tribology behavior of epoxy composites constructed from luffa aegyptiaca fiber with different fiber loading (20%, 30% and 40 vol%). The composites are prepared using hand layup process provided with post curing operation. The combination of 3 vol% CHB particles and 40 vol% luffa aegyptiaca fiber having the improved viscoelastic properties by means of high storage modulus (5.05 GPa) and low loss factor (0.31). Moreover, this composite shows better ballistic properties in terms of low velocity impact energy (17.1 J). The optical image of impact damage behavior shows minimum damage of impactor on the composite and penetration effect found to be lower. This luffa aegyptiaca fiber reinforced epoxy composite also shows the lowest value of coefficient of friction (COF) with 0.48 and the lowest specific wear rate of 0.011 mm3/Nm. These epoxy composites made from luffa aegyptiaca fiber and CHB particles may be useful in a variety of engineering applications that can use materials for manufacture sporting goods, home furnishings, food packaging, and transportation.
Brain development is altered in rabbit fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Van der Veeken Lennart , Russo Francesca Maria , Bleeser Tom , Basurto David , Emam Doaa , Regin Yannick , Gsell Willy , Himmelreich Uwe , De Catte Luc , Rex Steffen , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildren with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Some changes are already present prenatally. Herein, we further examined how the brain develops in fetal rabbits with surgically created DH.MethodsTwo fetuses underwent surgical DH creation on day 23 (term = d31). DH pups and littermate controls were harvested at term. Ten DH pups and 11 controls underwent transcardial perfusion for brain fixation and measurement of brain volume, brain folding, neuron and synaptic density, pre‐oligodendrocyte count, proliferation, and vascularization. Twelve other DH and 11 controls had echocardiographic assessment of cardiac output and aortic and cerebral blood flow, magnetic resonance imaging (9.4 T) for cerebral volumetry, and molecular assessment of vascularization markers.ResultsDH pups had lower lung‐to‐body weight ratio (1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3%; p < 0.0001) and lower heart‐to‐body weight ratio (0.007 ± 0.001 vs. 0.009 ± 0.001; p = 0.0006) but comparable body weight and brain‐to‐body weight ratio. DH pups had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction, aortic and cerebral blood flow (39 ± 8 vs. 54 ± 15 mm/beat; p = 0.03) as compared to controls but similar left cardiac ventricular morphology. Fetal DH‐brains were similar in volume but the cerebellum was less folded (perimeter/surface area: 25.5 ± 1.5 vs. 26.8 ± 1.2; p = 0.049). Furthermore, DH brains had a thinner cortex (143 ± 9 vs. 156 ± 13 μm; p = 0.02). Neuron densities in the white matter were higher in DH fetuses (124 ± 18 vs. 104 ± 14; p = 0.01) with comparable proliferation rates. Pre‐oligodendrocyte count was lower, coinciding with the lower endothelial cell count.ConclusionRabbits with DH had altered brain development compared to controls prenatally, indicating that brain development is already altered prenatally in CDH.
New EWMA charts for process variance
Authors: Haq Abdul , Kalsoom Umme , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe EWMA chart is effective in detecting small shifts in the process mean or process variance. Numerous EWMA charts for the process variance have been suggested in the literature. In this article, new one‐sided and two‐sided EWMA charts are developed for monitoring the variance of a normal process. In developing these new EWMA charts, first, new unbiased estimators of the process variance are developed, followed by incorporating the developed estimators into the new EWMA charts' statistics. The Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted to evaluate the zero‐state and steady‐state run‐length performances of the proposed EWMA variance charts, in comparison with that of three existing EWMA variance charts and the weighted adaptive CUSUM variance chart. The findings reveal that the proposed charts generally perform better than the existing charts. An example of application is given to show the implementation of the proposed and existing charts in detecting increases or decreases in the process variance.
Fixed time stability of impulsive stochastic nonlinear time‐varying systems
Authors: Peng Haiqi , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of the article is to discuss stochastic fixed‐time (FIXT) stability of impulsive stochastic nonlinear time‐varying systems. By using the multiple Lyapunov method and stochastic analysis theory, several novel stability theorems for determining stochastic FIXT stability are established. Concurrently, the estimation of stochastic settling time is given. Compared with other conclusions about stochastic FIXT stability, the results can be more widely applied to impulsive stochastic nonlinear time‐varying systems, the constraint of the impulse strength factor and the differential operator are also relaxed. Furthermore, some corollaries are obtained to establish stochastic FIXT stability of impulsive stochastic nonlinear time‐varying systems.
Ship waves in rivers: Environmental criteria and analysis methods for measurements
Authors: Fenton John D. , Huber Boris , Klasz Gerhard , Krouzecky Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA literature review shows that the most important physical quantities determining environmental impact of ship waves in a waterway are the fluid velocities, maximum and minimum water levels, and size of drawdown events. Fluid velocity can vary strongly in the vertical so that the usual measurements at a single point are not enough unless made near where the effects are most important, often the bed. Customary use of wave height as a measure of impact has been misleading, because the all‐important fluid velocity is of a scale given by wave height divided by wave period. A good and simple estimate of the surface velocity as a disturbance scale is shown to be given by the time derivative of the free surface height. The most important role of linear wave theory is to explain and understand the physics and measurement procedures, such as done here in several places. Its use for obtaining numerical results is criticised. Instead, three integral measures of impact are proposed, all of which use surface elevation measurements and which require no essential mathematical approximations or wave‐by‐wave analysis. The methods are applied to a study of ship waves on the Danube River. A number of results are presented, including examination of the effects of measurement frequency. After a ship passage, due to repeated shoreline reflections of the wake waves, the river is brought into a long‐lasting state of short‐crested disturbances, with finite fluid velocities. The environmental consequences of this might be important. After the primary and secondary ship waves it could be called the tertiary wave system.