bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teatry żydowskie w Warszawie między wojnami (1918–1939)
Authors: Krasiński Edward 
Published: December 2022

W 1837 roku działał w Warszawie teatr Dawida Hellina, co można uznać za początek teatru żydowskiego w Warszawie, chociaż jego rozkwit nastąpił dopiero pod koniec XIX wieku. Ester Rachel i Abraham Kamińscy stworzyli wówczas stały zawodowy zespół, a w 1913 otworzyli własną siedzibę – teatr, którego tradycję kontynuowała ich córka, Ida. W artykule omówione zostały najważniejsze przedstawienia teatrów żydowskich, ich repertuar, warunki techniczne i finansowe, a także źródła archiwalne i prasowe do badania historii teatru żydowskiego w Warszawie przed II wojną światową. Trupa Wileńska i Warszawski Żydowski Teatr Artystyczny WIKT miały w repertuarze sztuki ambitne, klasykę żydowską i współczesny dramat światowy. Michał Weichert prowadził eksperymentalny Jung Teater o ambicjach politycznych. Powstawały liczne, choć działające krótko, teatry miniatur, sceny rewiowe i kabaretowe. Większość teatrów jidysz sąsiadowała z polskimi, ale działały też teatry w dzielnicy żydowskiej, jak Centralny czy Scala. Związki między teatrem polskim i żydowskim należy rozpatrywać wielostronnie, w odniesieniu do publiczności, repertuaru i krytyki, a także współpracy między teatrami i twórcami.
Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Masyarakat Miskin melalui Simpan Pinjam Koperasi pada anggota Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Wanita Pasoendan Wilayah Pandeglang
Authors: Widayat Eko Wahyu 
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas dan mengatahui tentang bagaimana peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat miskin melalui simpan pinjam koperasi, saat ini peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat miskin yang ada di pelosok Desa dapat mengalami peningkatan dengan adanya koperasi simpan pinjam dengan peningkatan UMKM yang ada di masyarakat khususnya pada anggota koperasi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan Teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dimana observasi yang dilakukan adalah secara langsung kelapangan, wawancara langsung dengan pengurus koperasi sedangkan dokumentasi adalah melalui profil Lembaga PPSW Pasoendan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat miskin adalah melalui koperasi simpan pinjam dengan peningkatan UMKM para anggota dan peningkatan simpan pinjam anggota dengan tujuan untuk peningkatan sisa hasil usaha dengan peningkatan simpanan sebesar 62,2%
Perancangan Aplikasi Pengantaran Barang Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Hernando Luki , Maria Yosefina Meinadia Sekar Kinanti Aswirawan  , Yopy Mardiansyah  , Alhamdidi  
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan teknologi kini makin berkembang pesat di berbagai lapisan ilmu seperti pada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang banyak melalukan perubahan system kearah system digital dalam pemecahan permasalahannya. Pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam proses pembelajaran dianggap mampu meningkatkan minat dalam meningkatkan teknologi tersebut. Kegiatan pengantaran barang merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang sangat sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Indonesia, baik itu masyarakat umum maupun dari perusahaan besar sekalipun. Barang yang mau dikirim atau diantar sangat beragam jenisnya, mulai dari yang kecil sampai yang besar. Di Kota Batam banyaknya usaha UMKM yang membutuhkan jasa pengiriman barang. Namun selama ini belum ada sistem atau aplikasi yang membantu memberi kemudahan bagi masyarakat untuk pemesanan angkutan pengantaran barang, sehingga kurang maksimalnya pelayanan jasa dalam pengantaran barang. Pada penelitian ini penulis merancang aplikasi pengantaran barang berbasis android. Sehingga masyarakat ataupun perusahaan dapat memesan pengangkutan dengan menggunakan smartphone yang memiliki sistem operasi android yang dapat digunakan kapan saja dan dimana saja. Aplikasi yang dirancang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java dan menggunakan Android Studio. Dengan adanya perancangan aplikasi ini nantinya akan mempermudah proses pemesanan, pengamanan, dan pelayanan pengantaran barang.
Penerapan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) pada Persediaan Spare Part Jenis Oli PT. Agung Automall Sutomo
Authors: Meirizha St Nova 
Published: December 2022

PT.Agung Automall Sutomo membutuhkan pengendalian persediaan spare part dikarenakan sering terjadi kekurangan stok dan kelebihan stok. Pada klasifikasi atau analisis ABC pada spare parts terpilih 3 jenis yang akan diteliti yaitu merek TMO SYN 10W-40 4L, merek TMO SYN 10W-40 1L dan merek TMO SYN DIESEL 15W-40 4L. Dari hasil perhitungan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), jumlah pemesanan ekonomis pada merek I yaitu 268 unit/bulan, merek II yaitu 539 unit/bulan dan merek III yaitu 136 unit/bulan. Hasil SS dan ROP untuk merek I sebesar 125 unit dan 127 unit, merek II sebesar 340 unit dan 342 unit, dan merek III sebesar 65 unit dan 67 unit. Perhitungan biaya persediaan yang diperoleh pada merek I yaitu Rp. 8,203,833, merek II yaitu Rp. 8,160,046, dan merek III yaitu Rp.8,173,942.
PENGEMBANGAN KELOMPOK MINASARI DALAM USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE PADA DESA MEKARSARI KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Suhardi Deddy , Nurjaman Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul Pengembangan Kelompok Minasri dalam Usaha Budi daya Ikan Lele Pada desa Mekarsari Kabupaten Ciamis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat memahami Pengembangan Kelompok Minasari di desa Mekarsari kabupaten Ciamis, untuk mengetahui hambatan pengembangan Kelompok Minasari di desa Mekarsari kabupaten Ciamis, untuk mendapat gambaran tetntang upaya pengembangan Kelompok Minasari di desa Mekarsari kabupaten Ciamis. Dalam proses Pengembangan Kelompok Minasri dalam Usaha Budi daya Ikan Lele Pada desa Mekarsari Kabupaten Ciamis penulis menggunakan indikator pada pengembangan sumber daya yaitu pelatihan dan pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan metode deskriftif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yakni mengidentifikasi keadaan objek atau peristiwa untuk mengambil kesimpulanyang berlaku secara umum. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancar dan studi dekumen.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengembangan Kelompok Minasri dalam Usaha Budi daya Ikan Lele Pada desa Mekarsari Kabupaten Ciamis belum optimal sesuai dengan dimensi yang ada atau di tentukan. Pengembangan Kelompok Minasri dalam Usaha Budi daya Ikan Lele Pada desa Mekarsari Kabupaten Ciamis belum berjalan optimal.

Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Kelompok Minasri

Abstract
This research is entitled Development of Minasri Group in Catfish Cultivation Business in Mekarsari Village, Ciamis Regency. This study aims to understand the development of the Minasari group in Mekarsari village, Ciamis district, to find out the obstacles to the development of the Minasari group in Mekarsari village, Ciamis district, to get an idea of the efforts to develop the Minasari group in Mekarsari village, Ciamis district. In the process of developing Minasri Group in Catfish Cultivation Business in Mekarsari Village, Ciamis Regency, the author uses indicators on resource development, namely training and education. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach, namely identifying the state of an object or event to draw conclusions that apply in general. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and document studies. The results showed that the development of the Minasri Group in the Catfish Cultivation Business in Mekarsari Village, Ciamis Regency, was not optimal according to the existing dimensions or determined. The development of Minasri Group in Catfish Cultivation Business in Mekarsari Village, Ciamis Regency has not been running optimally. Keywords: Development, Minasri Group.

Keyword: Development, Minasri Group
PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN UMUM BADAN URUSAN LOGISTIK SUBANG
Authors: Nawawi Ade , Natika Luki 
Published: December 2022

Abstrak
Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas kerja, karena produktivitas kerja merupakan hal yang penting dalam peningkatan kinerja karyawan di suatu perusahaan. Bentuk Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bawah produktivitas akan semakin meningkat bila faktor-faktor produktivitas ini diterapkan dengan baik di perusahaan dengan meningkatkannya produktivitas kerja dengan baik seperti hal nya yang telah di teliti dalam melakukan pekerjaan, mampu bekerja tanpa melakukan kesalahan, bekerja sama dengan tim walaupun masih ada beberapa hal yang kurang mengenai disiplin waktu dalam bekerja akan tetapi karyawan selalu terus berorientasi untuk bekerja secara maksimal untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan.

Kata kunci : Produktivitas Kerja, Logistik, Kerja Karyawan

Abstract
This paper aims to find out work productivity, because work productivity is important in improving employee performance in a company. This form of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that productivity will increase if these productivity factors are applied well in the company by increasing work productivity well as those who have been meticulous in doing work, being able to work without making mistakes, working together with the team although there are still some things that are lacking regarding time discipline at work, but employees always continue to be oriented to work optimally for achieve the goals of the company.

Keywords : Work Productivity, Logistics, Employee Work
The first record of Propomacrus bimucronatus (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) from Iraq, with notes on its distribution and phenology in the Near East
Authors: Ibrahim Hani Ahmed , Friedman Ariel-Leib-Leonid , Fayq Avand 
Published: December 2022

Propomacrus bimucronatus (Pallas, 1781), the Mediterranean long-armed scarab, is a large saproxylic beetle, occurring in the east Mediterranean and south-east Europe, sparse throughout its entire distributional range, often considered as rare, threatened or extinct species.
Propomacrus bimucronatus is recorded for the first time from Kurdistan, Iraq. The new data on its distribution and phenology in Iraq and in Israel is published for the first time, compared with the previously-published data and analysed.
The Site and Rate of Destruction of Pneumococci Following Intraperitoneal Injection
Authors: Berry F. , Melick C. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a recent publication concerning the physiological destruction of erythrocytes, Kyes (1) has shown that certain endothelial cells of the liver and spleen are constantly active in phagocytosing red blood corpuscles from the circulating blood stream and to the fixed-tissue phagocytes so functioning, he gives the designation “hemophages.”
In a subsequent communication concerning the natural immunity of the pigeon to the pneumococcus, the same author (2) points out that under experimental conditions, the hemophages are not only phagocytic for red blood corpuscles but also for pneumococci introduced into the circulating blood stream. Indeed, so rapid and so extensive is the phagocytic destruction of injected pneumococci by the hemophages of the pigeon, that Kyes concludes that this mode of elimination of the organisms from the blood stream is largely responsible for the high resistance which the pigeon displays to pneumococcus infection.
Phagocytosis of Erythrocytes During Stage of Hyperleucocytosis Following Injection of Typhoid Bacilli
Authors: Miller T. Grier , Pepper O. H. Perry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of a study of the leucopenia and subsequent hyperleucocytosis that follow the intravenous injection into the rabbit of typhoid bacilli, either living or killed, it was necessary to examine a large number of stained spreads of blood taken before the injection and at various intervals thereafter. It was during these examinations that the present instance of phagocytosis of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood was observed.
In general the leucocytic response in the blood of our rabbits was analogous to that obtained by other workers after similar injections. This reaction consists of two phases; the first a marked leucopenia which appears within a few minutes after the injection and reaches its low point within two hours. The count of white blood cells may drop from normal to as low as 1000 per cmm. and differential counts made at this point show this leucopenia to be in chief part the result of the almost complete disappearance from the blood, as obtained from the ear, of the polymorphonuclear amphophiles.
Convalescent Typhoid Serum in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Garbat A. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immuno-therapy in typhoid fever has been attempted in many ways. While we all realize that one of the most efficient forms of any immuno-therapy is by means of passive immunization or serum therapy (compare diphtheria, cerebro-spinal meningitis, etc.) no really efficacious serum has as yet been produced for the typhoid infection. Numerous steps have been taken but none have been crowned by success. An attempt was therefore made to transfer the active immunity present in convalescent typhoid patients to those ill with the disease by means of the blood serum. I selected for this treatment only those with the severest infections, very high temperature and marked toxemia; in fact at the time of admission to the hospital of each of the three cases, a most discouraging or hopeless prognosis was given to the family.
Case 1. Boy twelve years old, admitted in the second week of the disease.
Endothelial Opsonins
Authors: Manwaring W. H. , Coe Harry Carson 
Published: December 2022

Summary
By the application of perfusion methods, an opsonin or bacteriotropin can be demonstrated in antipneumococcic serum, so altering pneumococci as to cause their adhesion to the endothelial cells lining the hepatic capillaries.
This opsonin is operative with the liver capillaries in many hundred times the dilution necessary to cause agglutination of the pneumococci, but is practically inoperative with the extrahepatic capillaries.
The Relation of the Diphtherin Skin Reaction to Immunity in Diphtheria
Authors: Kolmer John A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the clinical diagnosis of diphtheria is made so readily with the aid of cultures and as resistance to this infection is so largely antitoxic in nature, anaphylactic skin tests with diphtheria protein appear not to have been made until recently, because they are uncalled for in diagnosis and studies in this disease, therefore, have been mainly devoted to the toxin and its antitoxin. As diphtheria was among the first of the infections to be treated with horse immune serum, anaphylactic reactions due to the protein of the serum were among the earliest observations on anaphylactic phenomena, but these reactions bear no relation to the possibility of hypersensitiveness to the protein of the diphtheria bacillus itself.
Recently the possibility of eliciting a cutaneous anaphylactic reaction with the diphtheria protein has been pointed out by Park, Zingher and Serota (1), who, in conducting the Schick toxin test for immunity in diphtheria, noted that a small percentage of persons presented a reaction readily differentiated from the true toxin reaction, which they regarded as an anaphylactic response to the protein of the broth used in the preparation of the toxin and to the protein of autolyzed diphtheria bacilli.
Studies in Specific Hypersensitiveness
Authors: Spain W. C. , Grove Ella F. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
In confirmation of the experiments of Longcope, we have been unable passively to sensitize guinea-pigs with the precipitating serum of rats. The passive sensitization of guinea-pigs with precipitating rabbit's serum is not prevented by rat's serum. The possibility is suggested that the failure of the passive sensitization of guinea-pigs with precipitating rat's serum is due merely to the relatively low precipitating value of the serum.
The Antigenic Properties of Extracts of Horse Dander
Authors: Longcope W. T. , O'Brien D. P. , Perlzweig W. A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
These experiments show conclusively that guinea-pigs may be readily sensitized to extracts of horse dander that contain a total nitrogen content of approximately 40 mgm. per 100 cc., and that are preserved at a reaction of approximately pH 7.4. In many instances the sensitization may be of such comparatively high degree that 0.05 cc. of extract injected intravenously will cause characteristic anaphylactic death within three to four minutes, or that the uterine muscle of sensitized guinea-pigs in a Dale bath of 200 cc. of Locke's solution will contract promptly on the addition of from 0.01 to 0.001 cc. of extract.
The sensitization is specific for the antigen or antigens that are contained in the extract of horse dander, for guinea-pigs sensitized to horse dander extract do not react to horse serum, while guinea-pigs sensitized to horse serum do not react to horse dander extract.
When guinea-pigs highly sensitized to horse dander extract are injected intravenously with sublethal doses of the extract, they are desensitized twenty-four hours later to intravenous injections of many times the lethal dose of extract. Likewise the uteri of virgin guinea-pigs which have reacted to additions of small amounts of the extracts are insensitive to further additions of large amounts of the extract.
It is possible to conclude, therefore, from these experiments that extracts of horse dander contain an antigen or antigens which give anaphylactic reactions in guinea-pigs that are precisely the same as the anaphylactic reactions produced by any one of a large number of proteins.
On the Specific Substances in the Alcohol Extract of the Bacillus of Tuberculosis
Authors: Dienes L. , Schoenheit E. W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
In a table are given the amounts extracted with the successive use of different lipoids solvents from 31 grams of tubercle bacilli and the effectiveness of the extracts as antigens in the complement fixation test.
With the separation of the ether and alcohol soluble and acetone insoluble fraction of the extracts and in several cases with washing them with water, we obtained from all extracts examined (5 ether, 1 ethyl and 1 methyl alcohol extract) preparations which were active as antigens very closely in the same amount, 0.00020 to 0.00030 mgm. being the antigen unit. We did not succeed with continued purification in enhancing more the potency of the preparation.
The chemical examination of the purified products, as far as could be made, has shown them to be closely similar to each other. Carbohydrates are present in large amounts in the non-purified alcohol extracts and from 12 to 26 per cent of them were found in the preparations obtained both from the alcohol and ether extracts in different phases of the purification process. The amount of carbohydrates in the most effective preparations and their eventual connection with the specific properties of the preparations has not yet been examined. The purified product has a chemical composition widely different from the well studied phosphatides.
The very high potency of the preparations, the close uniformity of the potency and chemical composition of the preparations obtained from different extracts, constitute a certain probability that our preparations consist in a large part of the specific substance.
Anaphylaxis
Authors: Sherwood Noble P. , Stoland O. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 1920 (1) and again in 1923 (2) we reported the results of our work on bacterial anaphylaxis. Unfortunately we over-looked several papers which had more or less bearing on our work. Zinsser and Mallory (3) (1924) have recently called attention to these omissions in a very kindly way which we much appreciate.
Our work was a study of the smooth muscle reaction of Dale in actively and passively sensitized animals where the antigens used were Bacillus typhosus, paratyphosus “A” and “B”, and Bacillus enteritidis. The work of Weil (4) (1917) and also of Smith (5) (1922) dealt with the reaction in tubercular infected guinea pigs using tuberculin as an antigen. The paper of Zinsser and Parker (6) (1917) was on passive sensitization with anti-typhoid serum and with the use of typhoid protein as an antigen. They did not attempt active sensitization.
Observations on the Specific Part of the Heterogenetic Antigen
Authors: Landsteiner K. , Levene P. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The following are some preliminary results of studies on the heterogenetic antigen. It is known that the specific part of the antigen can be extracted with alcohol from the organs of various animals. The chemical nature of this substance has been studied by Kurt Meyer (1), and by Wernicke and Sordelli (2). Kurt Meyer regarded the active substance as one of the group of unsaturated phosphatides (lecithin, cephalin), whereas Wernicke and Sordelli considered it a cerebroside. In a recent communication, however, Sordelli, Wernicke and Deulafeu (3) report that after purifications with pyridine and afterwards with diluted acetone, the fractions correponding to the cerebrosides—phrenosine and cerasine—were the less active ones.
In connection with these contentions, two facts are of interest. These are: In the first place the generally weaker content in heterogenetic substance of the white substance of the brain, as compared with the content of several other organs (4, 5), and second, the failure of the pure cerobrosides phrenosine and cerasine and of pure sphyngomyelin to react with Forssman's heterogenetic antibodies in the same manner as the active extracts.
Antigenic Character of Heated Protein
Authors: Furth J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When the first studies on precipitin were made, investigation of its thermoresistance was begun. In Nuttall's book on Blood Immunity and Blood Relationship (1) there is a table containing the early observations on the destruction of the precipitable substance by heat made by Tchistovich, Eisenberg, Nuttall, Linossier and Lemoine. Nuttall writes: “The precipitable substances in normal serum possess about the same resisting power as the precipitins. The results with milk are in flat contradiction.” At the suggestion of Nuttall, G. S. Graham-Smith tested the thermoresistance of the precipitinogen employed in his own experiments and came to the conclusion that “an antiserum can be exposed to a greater degree of heat than its corresponding serum without injury and the precipitum producing property is completely destroyed in the latter at a lower temperature.”
Studies in Specific Hypersensitiveness
Authors: Walzer Matthew , Kramer Sidney D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In testing the skin for conditions of atopic hypersensitiveness, the clinician, whether he employs the scratch or intradermal method, is often confronted with numerous difficulties. He is especially handicapped in the testing of infants and small children, where the patient's coöperation is usually lacking, and the danger of constitutional reactions is always imminent. At times, an irritable skin, or the presence of dermographia or a diffuse eczema, erythema, or lichenification, seriously interferes with the performance and interpretation of the tests. It is in the hope of avoiding some of these difficulties that the method to be presently described is offered, as an alternative procedure to the direct testing of these types of cases.
In 1921, Prausnitz and Küster (1) first demonstrated passive transfer of local sensitivity by injecting into the skin of a normal individual the serum of a fish-sensitive case, and subsequently eliciting a specific positive skin test for fish at this site.