bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-global distributions of overshooting tops derived from Terra and Aqua MODIS observations
Authors: Hong Yulan , Nesbitt Stephen W. , Trapp Robert J. , Di Girolamo Larry 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Overshooting cloud tops (OTs) form in deep convective storms when strong updrafts overshoot the tropopause. An OT is a well-known indicator of convective updrafts and severe weather conditions. Here, we develop an OT detection algorithm using thermal infrared (IR) channels and apply this algorithm to about 20 years' worth of MODIS data from both Terra and Aqua satellites to form an extensive, near-global climatology of OT occurrences. The algorithm is based on a logistic model which is trained using A-Train observations. We demonstrate that the overall accuracy of our approach is about 0.9 when the probability of the OT candidates is larger than 0.9. The OT climatology reveals a pattern that follows the climatology of deep convection and shallow convection over the midlatitude oceans during winter cold-air outbreaks. OTs appear most frequently over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), central and southeastern North America, tropical and subtropical South America, southeastern and southern Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa, and northern middle–high latitudes. OT spatial distributions show strong seasonal and diurnal variabilities. Seasonal OT variations shift with large-scale climate systems such as the ITCZ and local monsoonal systems, including the South Asian monsoon, North American monsoon, and West African monsoon. OT diurnal variations agree with the known diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum OT occurrences are in the afternoon over most land areas and around midnight over ocean, and the OT diurnal cycle is stronger and more varied over land than over ocean. OTs over land are usually colder than over ocean, except at around 10:30 LT (Equator-crossing time). The top 10 coldest OTs from both Terra and Aqua mostly occur over land and at night. This study provides OT climatology for the first time, as derived from 2 decades of MODIS data, that represents the longest and stable satellite records.
Using tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy for ambient hydrogen chloride detection: HCl-TILDAS
Authors: Halfacre John W. , Stewart Jordan , Herndon Scott C. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Dyroff Christoph , Yacovitch Tara I. , Flynn Michael , Andrews Stephen J. , Brown Steven S. , Veres Patrick R. , Edwards Pete M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The largest inorganic, gas-phase reservoir of chlorine
atoms in the atmosphere is hydrogen chloride (HCl), but challenges in
quantitative sampling of this compound cause difficulties for obtaining
high-quality, high-frequency measurements. In this work, tunable infrared
laser direct absorption spectroscopy (TILDAS) was demonstrated to be a
superior optical method for sensitive, in situ detection of HCl at the
2925.89645 cm−1 absorption line using a 3 µm inter-band cascade
laser. The instrument has an effective path length of 204 m, 1 Hz precision
of 7–8 pptv, and 3σ limit of detection ranging from 21 to 24 pptv. For longer
averaging times, the highest precision obtained was 0.5 pptv with a 3σ limit
of detection of 1.6 pptv at 2.4 min. HCl-TILDAS was also shown to have
high accuracy when compared with a certified gas cylinder, yielding a linear
slope within the expected 5 % tolerance of the reported cylinder
concentration (slope = 0.964 ± 0.008). The use of heated inlet lines
and active chemical passivation greatly improve the instrument response
times to changes in HCl mixing ratios, with minimum 90 % response times
ranging from 1.2 to 4.4 s depending on inlet flow rate. However, these
response times lengthened at relative humidities >50 %,
conditions under which HCl concentration standards were found to elicit a
significantly lower response (−5.8 %). The addition of high concentrations
of gas-phase nitric acid (>3.0 ppbv) were found to increase HCl
signal (<10 %), likely due to acid displacement with HCl or
particulate chloride adsorbed to inlet surfaces. The equilibrium model
ISORROPIA suggested a potential of particulate chloride partitioning into
HCl gas within the heated inlet system if allowed to thermally equilibrate,
but field results did not demonstrate a clear relationship between
particulate chloride and HCl signal obtained with a denuder installed on the inlet.
A comprehensive assessment of in situ and remote sensing soil moisture data assimilation in the APSIM model for improving agricultural forecasting across the US Midwest
Authors: Kivi Marissa , Vergopolan Noemi , Dokoohaki Hamze 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Today, the most popular approaches in agricultural forecasting leverage process-based crop models, crop monitoring data, and/or remote sensing imagery. Individually, each of these tools has its own unique advantages but is, nonetheless, limited in prediction accuracy, precision, or both. In this study we integrate in situ and remote sensing (RS) soil moisture observations with APSIM model through sequential data assimilation to evaluate the improvement in model predictions of downstream state variables across five experimental sites in the US Midwest. Four RS data products and in situ observations spanning 19 site years were used through two data assimilation approaches, namely ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and generalized ensemble filter (GEF), to constrain model states at observed time steps and estimate joint background and observation error matrices. Then, the assimilation's impact on estimates of soil moisture, yield, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tile drainage, and nitrate leaching was assessed across all site years. When assimilating in situ observations, the accuracy of soil moisture forecasts in the assimilation layers was improved by reducing RMSE by an average of 17 % for 10 cm and ∼28 % for 20 cm depth soil layer across all site years. These changes also led to improved simulation of soil moisture in deeper soil layers by an average of 12 %. Although crop yield was improved by an average of 23 %, the greatest improvement in yield accuracy was demonstrated in site years with higher water stress, where assimilation served to increase available soil water for crop uptake.
Alternatively, estimates of annual tile drainage and nitrate leaching were
not well constrained across the study sites. Trends in drainage constraint
suggest the importance of including additional data constraint such as
evapotranspiration. The assimilation of RS soil moisture showed a weaker
constraint of downstream model state variables when compared to the
assimilation of in situ soil moisture. The median reduction in soil moisture RMSE for observed soil layers was lower, on average, by a factor of 5. However, crop yield estimates were still improved overall with a median RMSE reduction of 17.2 %. Crop yield prediction was improved when assimilating both in situ and remote sensing soil moisture observations, and there is strong evidence that yield improvement was higher when under water-stressed conditions. Comparisons of system performance across different combinations of remote sensing data products indicated the importance of high temporal resolution and accurate observation uncertainty estimates when assimilating surface soil moisture observations.
TRÁFICO DE DROGAS E TERRITÓRIOS-REDE: UMA ANÁLISE DOS FLUXOS DE ENTORPECENTES ILÍCITOS PARA O ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Duarte Tiaraju Salini , Santos Pinheiro Robinson , Lourence Kila de Queiroz Antonio 
Published: March 2023

O tráfico de drogas se estrutura tendo como um dos seus pilares a construção de cadeias logísticas multiescalares e, nesse contexto, o estado do Rio Grande do Sul ganha destaque no século XXI tendo em vista o crescimento dessa atividade por meio da ação de grupos organizados. Frente a isso, elencamos como objetivo geral da pesquisa analisar a formação de territórios-rede como estratégia de domínio espacial construída pelos coletivos criminais, buscando compreender os fluxos de entorpecentes ilícitos para o estado gaúcho. No que tange à metodologia, no primeiro momento, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica; em seguida, optou-se pelo levantamento estatístico de indicadores criminais junto à Polícia civil e Polícia Rodoviária Federal; por fim, recorremos à ferramenta metodológica hemerográfica, a qual centra-se em pesquisa documental. Como resultados, podemos compreender que a expansão dos coletivos criminais tem como premissa a estruturação de territórios-rede por meio da inserção direta de seus representantes na fronteira entre o Brasil e o Paraguai. Além disso, observamos que após consolidado esse processo, formam-se corredores e rotas por meio de rodovias federais e estaduais no Rio Grande do Sul, principalmente, na porção noroeste que tem como objetivo distribuir e controlar o mercado regional.
QMiP statement on controversial Qualitative Research publication
Authors: Melia Claire , Bailey-Rodriguez Deborah 
Published: March 2023

Many, if not all, of our readers will be aware of the controversial paper which was published earlier this year, often referred to as ‘that paper’. As a committee, QMiP have discussed internally and produced the below statement which we have posted online in response to ongoing discussions. We are reproducing this here for transparency and to ensure this is available to as many QMiP members as possible.We hope the below statement makes the position of the QMiP committee clear; whilst we do not agree with nor condone the approaches used in this instance, this should not take away from the high-quality qualitative research that takes place in our field and which we seek to champion.
Early warning evaluation en de invoeringstoets
Authors: Korsten Arno F.A. 
Published: March 2023

Early warning evaluation en de invoeringstoets
Een waarschuwende evaluatie of early warning evaluation (EWA) brengt korte tijd na de inwerkingtreding van overheidsbeleid de eerste ervaringen in beeld. De vraag is wat maatregelen doen bij uitvoerders en doelgroepen en hoe het beleid werkt of naar verwachting gaat werken. Deze vroege analyse heeft wat weg van de invoeringstoets, die door het kabinet-Rutte IV in het kader van het streven naar een nieuwe, meer humane bestuurscultuur is ingevoerd. Maar een invoeringstoets is bescheidener en minder degelijk. De early warning evaluation verschilt door de beoogde toepassing van enkele methodieken. Een EWA-evaluator moet naast een knelpunteninventarisatie de proces- en/of stappenlogica doordenken die in het gehele beleid opgesloten zit. Daarna volgen de consequentie- en de consistentieanalyse. Was deze aanpak toegepast en was met urgentiebesef gekeken naar de uitkomsten, dan was ons land bijvoorbeeld de stikstofcrisis en andere affaires mogelijk bespaard gebleven.Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van enkele aspecten van deze nieuwe, nog zelden toegepaste vorm van beleidsevaluatie. Het sluit af met een korte vergelijking met enkele ervaringen uit de toepassing van de invoeringstoets.
Estrategias Competitivas y la Gestión Comercial de la Empresa Holcim Ecuador S.A.
Authors: Alcívar Laz Marlene del Rocío , Ruíz Cedeño Angélica Beatriz 
Published: March 2023

Las estrategias competitivas en la actualidad son consideradas como acciones que presentan
gran relevancia en el desarrollo de la gestión comercial, partiendo de la idea que de esto
depende el éxito de las empresas. Es fundamental que dentro del sector empresarial se
reconozcan estrategias que permitanpoder competir eficientemente, gracias a la utilización
de una estrategia pertinente que facilite el cumplimiento de las metas y objetivos propuestos
en las empresas. El presente estudio se dirige a analizar las estrategias competitivas y la
gestión comercial de la empresa Holcim Ecuador S.A. El enfoque metodológico de esta
investigación responde a una metodología de tipodescriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo,
debido a que se trabajó en la recolección de datos necesarios para probar y validar los
resultados, para ello se llevó a cabo una encuesta, generando así una serie de resultados en
los cuales se logró demostrar la incidencia que tienen las estrategias competitivas en la
gestión comercial de la empresa Holcim Ecuador S.A. se puede concluir que las estrategias
competitivas por diferenciación y las estrategias competitivas por enfoque de bajo coste son
las empleadas en la empresa estudiada e influyen significativamente en la gestión comercial.
Las fallas en el entorno administrativo sonaspectos a mejorar, dado que estos generan efecto
al interior de la gestión comercial y en las estrategias diseñadas en función del desarrollo y
posicionamiento en el mercado
Gestión del Servicio y su Incidencia en el Desempeño de una Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Manabí
Authors: Arcentales Loor Fran Rolando , Veliz Valencia Mercedes Noemí 
Published: March 2023

El presente estudio se realizó bajo la premisa de analizar la gestión del servicio y su
incidencia en el desempeño de una empresa de Telecomunicaciones de la provincia de
Manabí. Se empleó una investigación de tipo descriptiva y de campo; con enfoque mixto;
donde se analizó la información de la gestión del servicio¸y datos del desempeño de la
organización; la información se obtuvo de las áreas comercial y técnica.
Las técnicas de recolección de información empleadas fueron la encuesta, la entrevista y
fuentes de información cuantitativa primarias; la encuesta se realizó a una población de 20
funcionarios de la institución, entre ellos jefes, supervisores y personal de atención, se
procesó en un formulario de google drive y los datos de las fuentes cuantitativas primarias se
procesaron en Excel a través del Cuadro de Mando Integral, se aplicó una entrevista
semiestructurada al gerente de la empresa. Estos resultados permitieron analizar la incidencia
de la gestión del servicio en el desempeño de la empresa de telecomunicaciones estudiada.
Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que debe mejorar la gestión del servicio en la institución,
en vista que, entre otros factores, no se han cumplido algunas metas yobjetivos
empresariales, observados en la revisión de los datos del primer semestre del año 2022; para
lo cual se debe mantener la estructura de las áreas completas, evitando sobrecargar al
personal, manteniéndolo motivado y capacitado, innovando en los productos y servicios
ofrecidos, con el fin de lograr una mejor experiencia del cliente y la sostenibilidad de la
compañía.
HUBUNGAN SUHU MAKANAN DAN CARA PENYAJIAN MAKANAN DENGAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN MAKANAN DI CATERING BETTY KARANGANYAR
Authors: Marfuah Dewi , Noviyanti Retno Dewi , Khotimah Febrian Nurul 
Published: March 2023

Faktor yang mempengaruhi sisa makanan meliputi faktor internal (selera makan, kebiasaan makanan dan jenis kelamin) dan faktor eksternal (cita rasa, meliputi : bumbu makanan serta tekstur dan bentuk makanan dan penampilan makanan, meliputi: warna makanan, cara penyajian makanan, besar porsi makanan, keempukan makanan dan suhu makanan). Cara penyajian makanan merupakan faktor yang perlu mendapat perhatian dalam mempertahankan penampilan dari makanan yang disajikan. Penyajian makanan berkaitan dengan peralatan yang digunakan, serta sikap petugas yang menyajikan makanan termasuk kebersihan peralatan makanan maupun kebersihan petugas yang menyajikan makanan. Selain cara penyajian makanan, suhu makanan juga merupakan faktor yang perlu mendapat perhatian dalam mempertahankan penampilan dari makanan yang disajikan. Penurunan suhu makanan dapat terjadi, salah satunya disebabkan oleh sistem distribusi makanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Polsek Karanganyar sebanyak 30 orang. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Ada hubungan suhu makanan dengan tingkat kepuasaan makanan di Catering Betty Karanganyar (p= 0,032). Ada hubungan cara penyajian makanan dengan tingkat kepuasaan makanan di Catering Betty Karanganyar (p = 0,017).
Helsepersonell eller selger?
Authors: Moezzi Melody , Hofmann Bjørn 
Published: March 2023

Hovedbudskap
Utviklingen i markedet for tannlegetjenester øker faren for at pasienter blir sett på som kunder og tannlegetjenestene som varer.
Det kan føre til at tannlegeprofesjonen beveger seg bort fra sin tradisjonelle rolle som helseprofesjonell og til å bli selgere.
Utviklingen kan undergrave samfunnskontrakten og bryter med sentrale prinsipper, normer og verdier i normativ etikk.
Utviklingen kan få betydelige konsekvenser for tannlegeprofesjonen i årene som kommer. Det er derfor klokt å reflektere grundig over dette.
Oppfølging etter kirurgisk frilegging av retinerte maxillære hjørnetenner i Den offentlige tannhelsetjenesten i Akershus
Authors: Mavric-Memija Amina , Kårestedt Henrik , Stuge Marianne Jentoft , Olsen-Bergem Heming 
Published: March 2023

Hovedpunkter
Allmenntannleger i DOT, i samarbeid med spesialister i kjeveortopedi, utøver god behandling ved aktiv fremføring av retinerte overkjeve hjørnetenner.
Det er lite forekomst av komplikasjoner og høy grad av pasienttilfredshet.
Det er viktig med god og tilpasset peroperativ smertekontroll ved kirurgisk frilegging.
Det anbefales tidlig diagnostikk av displassering av overkjeve hjørnetenner og vurdering av interceptiv ekstraksjon av melkehjørnetann fra 10 års alder i samråd med kjeveortoped.
Tidlig henvisning til kjeveortoped er viktig når en avvikende erupsjonsretning på hjørnetannen er til stede.
A Study to Evaluate the Validity of Diabetic Ulcer Severity Score in Predicting Outcome of patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Elanchezhian M. , Kesavalingam K. 
Published: March 2023

Aim: To evaluate the validity of Diabetic Ulcer Severity Score in predicting the outcome of patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Methods: The materials used in the study consisted of 150 patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer were admitted in department of General Surgery in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College and Hospital, Salem during January 2021 and October 2022.
Results: Most of the diabetic ulcers were scored with DUSS Score of 2 and 1. Almost 80 out of 150 people had amputations in this study. Amputations were more common in patients with DUSS score 4 followed by 3. Major amputations were common in diabetic ulcers with DUSS score 4 and no patients with score 0 and 1 had major amputation. Minor amputations were more common in diabetic ulcers with DUSS score of 2. The probability of healing without amputation with score 0 was 100% and decreases to 17.3%% with score 3 and 0% with score 4.
Conclusion: DUSS scoring system delivers an easy diagnostic tool for assessing need for surgery and expectation of probability of healing/amputation by combining four clinically assessable wound based parameters. This is a simple and easy scoring system which does not need advanced investigations and can be easily followed.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT (KUR) PADA BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA UNIT RAPPOCINI MAKASSAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Imran Tahalua  , M. Dakhri  
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi pemasaran Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) pada Bank Rakyat Indonesia Unit Rappocini Makassar di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu penulis mengumpulkan data penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan bagi pembaca tentang strategi pemasaran Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) di masa pandemi, untuk dijadikan acuan bagi pihak pengelola Bank Rakyat Indonesia Unit Rappocini Makassar dalam menentukan upaya strategi pemasaran kredit usaha rakyat dalam kondisi wabah Covid 19.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh bahwa strategi pemasaran kredit usaha rakyat yang dilakukan di Bank Rakyat Indonesia Unit Rappocini Makassar di masa pandemi covid 19 yaitu melakukan pembauran terhadap strategi pemasaran yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi wabah Covid 19. Setelah mengetahui masalah yang dihadapi yaitu adanya wabah Covid 19 maka langkah selanjutnya adalah dengan melakukan strategi pemasaran menggunakan komponen marketing mix 7P yaitu: 1) product (produk), 2) price (harga), 3) place (tempat), 4) promotion (promosi), 5) people (orang), 6) process (proses), dan 7) physical evidence (tampilan fisik).
Memorial de Aires: um possível diálogo intertextual
Authors: Da Silva Costa Marcia Danieli 
Published: March 2023

Apesar da vasta produção literária e crítica, é no conjunto de obras memorialísticas formado por Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (1891), Dom Casmurro (1889) e Memorial de Aires (1908), que Machado de Assis demonstra o ápice da sua carreira como escritor. Desse modo, tomando como base essa última obra de formato memorialístico, esse estudo analisa o uso da intertextualidade como um dos principais recursos estéticos na confabulação das memórias que constroem esse romance. Além de compreender como o escritor se apropria desse artifício intertextual para atualizar, no Memorial, clássicos literários como: Divina Comédia (1979) de Dante, a poesia To... (1994) de Percy Shelley, o drama romanesco de Romeu e Julieta (1998) de Willian Shakespeare e o livro de Eclesiastes (2008) da bíblia.
Conversas sobre Casa (no Centro de Deportação)
Authors: Rodrigues Júlia Côrtes 
Published: March 2023

Filha de pais Somali, Warsan Shire nasceu no Quênia em 1988 e cresceu em Londres. Sua poesia se debruça sobre questões de identidade, afeto e violência em um mundo diaspórico. Shire é frequentemente lembrada por sua participação no trabalho audiovisual Lemonade, de Beyoncé. Mas a poeta já havia chamado a atenção do mundo antes de ingressar na cena pop. Essa jovem escritora contemporânea sempre usou as redes sociais para divulgar seu trabalho, foi premiada em 2013 com o disputado African Poetry Prize e em 2014 como Young Poet Laureate. É característica de Shire uma linguagem carregada de emoção, geralmente simples e direta, mas permeada por momentos de intenso lirismo."Conversations about Home (at the Deportation Center)" aparece em Our men do not belong to us, seu trabalho de 2014. Home [lar ou casa] é uma palavra-chave para Shire. No poema, uma mulher relata as terríveis cenas de violência que testemunhou, o pavor da fuga e a dificuldade de se adaptar a um novo país. Apesar de se sentir mais segura, ao menos salva dos horrores da guerra, ela continua atravessando experiências hostis de diversas ordens. Até que ponto, pensamos a partir de seu poema, o lugar onde nascemos é ainda nossa casa se tudo ali conspira para nos destruir? Após tanto tempo distante, sem esperança de volta, onde é nossa casa, afinal? Todas essas questões ganham urgência quando somos lembrados, pelo título, que o eu-lírico está temendo a deportação - e, por consequência, a própria vida.
Cyro e Drummond
Authors: Araujo Michele 
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo é um passeio entre as obras dos escritores mineiros Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Cyro dos Anjos em um recorte de tempo específico: de 1930, data da publicação de Alguma poesia, até 1940, data da publicação de Sentimento do Mundo, passando ainda pela publicação de Brejo das Almas (1934), livros de Drummond. O mesmo período compreende também a publicação de O amanuense Belmiro, de Cyro dos Anjos (1937). Além dos livros mencionados, vamos utilizar para nossa análise trechos de correspondências trocadas entre os autores.
A escolha temporal serve para fazer um recorte tanto histórico do país e, consequentemente, de Minas Gerais, como também um recorte da vida literária dos dois autores. Além disso, essa seleção visa a uma análise epistolográfica que tem como objetivo aproximar os dois autores mineiros a partir dos temas em comum presentes em suas vidas.