bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Gas Angular Momentum on the Formation of Magnetically Arrested Disks and the Launching of Powerful Jets
Authors: Kwan Tom M. , Dai Lixin , Tchekhovskoy Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this letter, we investigate Bondi-like accretion flows with zero or low specific angular momentum by performing 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. In order to check if relativistic jets can be launched magnetically from such flows, we insert a large-scale poloidal magnetic field into the accretion flow and consider a rapidly spinning black hole. We demonstrate that under such conditions the accretion flow needs to initially have specific angular momentum above a certain threshold to eventually reach and robustly sustain the magnetically arrested disk state. If the flow can reach such a state, it can launch very powerful jets at ≳100% energy efficiency. Interestingly, we also find that even when the accretion flow has initial specific angular momentum below the threshold, it can still launch episodic jets with an average energy efficiency of ∼10%. However, the accretion flow has nontypical behaviors such as having different rotation directions at different inclinations and exhibiting persistent outflows along the midplane even in the inner disk region. Our results give plausible explanations as to why jets can be produced from various astrophysical systems that likely lack large gas specific angular momenta, such as Sgr A*, wind-fed X-ray binaries, tidal disruption events, and long-duration gamma-ray bursts.
ARTPEDAGOGIK YONDASHUV ASOSIDA BO`LAJAK MUSIQA TA’LIMI O`QITUVCHILARINING IJODKORLIK QOBILIYATLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING DIDAKTIK TA’MINOTI
Authors: Nasritdinova Madina 
Published: April 2023

Mazkur maqolada artpedagogik yondashuv asosida bo`lajak musiqa ta’limi o`qituvchilarining ijodkorlik qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishning didaktik va xususiy tamoillari borasida mulohaza yuritiladi. Artedagogika vositasida musiqa ta’limi faoliyatini san'at sohasida yuqori darajadagi bilimga ega bo'lgan talabalarning o'ziga xos xususiyatini - ularning o'qituvchisining ijodiy san'at bo'yicha tizimlashtirilgan talablari natijalarini ko'rishga kelajak tayyorligini shakllantirishning uslubiy yondashuvlarini tavsiflashdir.
Allelic Frequencies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) Gene of Filipinos
Authors: Autus-Geniston Leonora V. , Matias Ronald R. , Tuazon Alexander O. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives. The present study aims to determine the frequency of occurrence of NAT2*4, NAT2*5A, NAT2*6B, NAT2*7A and NAT2*14A alleles by PCR-RFLP among Filipino volunteers. These alleles correspond to substitutions in the following sites: C341T, G590A, G857A and G191A, respectively, of the NAT2 gene. The presence of specific SNP combination was also used to deduce acetylation status and estimate genotype frequency and describe them in comparison with other populations based on literature.
Methods. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes from 129 healthy Filipino volunteers was used to amplify the NAT2 gene segment. The RFLP analysis was done by restricting the expected PCR product with Kpn1, Taq1, BamH1 and Msp1/Al1, respectively, to detect the 4 alleles: NAT2*4, NAT2*5A, NAT2*6B, NAT2*7A and NAT2*14A.
Results. The calculated allelic frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of NAT2*5A (C481T), NAT2*6B (G590A), NAT2*7A (G857A) and NAT2*14A (G191A) were 0.058, 0.097, 0.182 and 0.046, respectively. NAT2*4 had an allele frequency of 0.617. Nine genotypes were determined: NAT2*4/*4, NAT2*4/*5A, NAT2*4/*6B, NAT2*4/*7A, NAT2*4/*14A, NAT2*5A/*7A, NAT2*6B/*7A, NAT2*6B/*14A and NAT2*7A/*14A. From these genotypes, acetylator phenotypes were deduced. A trimodal pattern of distribution was established: rapid, intermediate and slow acetylators with the following percentages, 47.3%, 41.1 % and 11.6%. Among the slow acetylator SNPs determined, NAT2*7A was found as the most frequent allele and NAT2*14A was found as the least frequent allele.
Conclusion. The study showed the mutation profile and observed genotypic similarities and differences of Filipinos with other Asian populations and Americans and other Caucasians based on literature. The results also suggest a trimodal pattern of distribution of acetylators and lesser number of slow acetylators among Filipino populations, a characteristic similar to other Asian populations but significantly different from Americans and other Caucasians. The occurrence of NAT2*7A and NAT2*14A can be further sequenced to verify the observed genotype.
The Islamization of the Holy Land, 634–1800
Authors: Ehrlich Michael 
Published: April 2023

From the seventh century onwards the population of the Near East gradually became Muslim. Nevertheless, other religious communities continued to exist, maintaining an enduring presence in the region, despite being surrounded by Muslims and by people becoming Muslims.
This book argues that the causes that led to the conversion of most of the Holy Land’s population, as well as the survival of some religious communities, are essentially social and geographic in nature, rather than theological, and that two parallel processes were the main catalysts of Islamization: de-urbanization and urbanization.
Gambaran Implementasi Alur Prosedur Pelayanan & Penyelenggaraan Rekam Medis di RS Muhammadiyah Selogiri, Wonogiri
Authors: Nisaa Arifatun Nisaa 
Published: April 2023

Background : Medical records are managed based on a standard structure, provided that the implementation system is evaluated to produce information and has a confidentiality standard that must be maintained. The medical record document is in principle stored properly in the hospital so that it is easy to retrieve every service information need for patients.
Objective : To find out how the implementation of service procedures and management functions as well as the implementation of medical records at the Selogiri Muhammadiyan Hospital.
Methods : The type of research used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. While the research design used is phenomenology.
Results : The management system of medical record data at Muhammadiyah Selogiri Hospital which includes assembling, coding and indexing, analizing and reporting, filing. The medical record system in the Wonogiri Selogiri Muhammadiyah Hospital includes: The Naming System uses the patient's own name in accordance with valid identification such as KTP, birth certificate, SIM, etc. The numbering system uses the Unit Numbering System (UNS). The system uses the Digit Filing (TDF) and Straight Numerical Filing (SNF) terminals.
Conclusion : It is necessary to incorporate the SNF alignment system into the TDF alignment system as a whole to facilitate and accelerate the retrieval of medical record documents. Filling officers need to increase accuracy in storing medical record documents so that missfile does not occur frequently.

Keywords : Procedure Flow, Procedure of Service and Management Functions, Medical Record Implementation
Elastic coupled local buckling strength of I‐shaped steel member in uniform bending
Authors: Mitsui Kazuya , Kuwada Ryohei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research aims to theoretically derive a closed‐form evaluation formula for the coupled local buckling strength of I‐shaped steel members under uniform bending. Power trigonometric functions are used to devise a particular displacement function. Because the function is fast‐converging compared to the Fourier function, it is possible for the buckling deflection to be described using only two terms of the trigonometric function. Subsequently, a closed‐form evaluation equation is proposed based on the displacement function. An eigenvalue analysis based on the finite element method is then conducted to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed equation.
Hydrophobized Hydrogels: Construction Strategies, Properties, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gosecka Monika , Gosecki Mateusz , Jaworska‐Krych Daria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogels, as 3D networks containing huge amount of water, display similarity to soft tissues, and thus they are of wide interest in tissue engineering. Hydrogels, due to biocompatibility and porous structure, are valuable therapeutic platforms for hydrophilic drugs. Over the last decade, there has been a strong emphasis on the development of hydrogel platforms with the ability to increase the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. However, the pronounced discrepancy between the hydrophilic character of hydrogels and the hydrophobic nature of numerous pharmacologically active compounds is problematic. In recent years, different strategies are applied using special polymer constructs or composite materials exploiting the advanced scientific knowledge in the area of polymer and lipid‐based nano‐ and microcarriers hydrophobization of the hydrogel turns out to be not only valuable in terms of achieving the ability to dissolve poorly soluble drugs in water, but also proves to be crucial in obtaining bioadhesion in wet conditions, but also, unexpected abnormal water swelling behavior, as well as in mechanical properties such as the dissipation mechanism and self‐healable hydrogel properties. This review is mainly focused on recent advances in the usage of hydrophobized hydrogels in biomedical applications.
Enabling Future Closed‐Loop Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Direct Cathode Regeneration
Authors: Yang Tingzhou , Luo Dan , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of electric vehicles equipped with lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) presents serious waste management challenges and environmental hazards for recyclers after scrap. Closed‐loop recycling contributes to the sustainable development of batteries and plays an important role in mitigating raw material shortages and supply chain risks. Herein, current direct cathode regeneration methods for industrialized recycling are outlined and evaluated. Different regeneration methods for spent cathode materials are summarized, which provide a new perspective for realizing closed‐loop recycling of LIBs. A reference recycling route for retrofitting existing cathode production lines is proposed and minimizes the costs. In addition to promoting the industrialization of direct cathode recycling, the environmental, economic, and political benefits of battery recycling are also highlighted.
2D Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Liquid‐Phase Molecular Separations: State of the Field, Common Pitfalls, and Future Opportunities
Authors: Burke David W. , Jiang Zhiwei , Livingston Andrew G. , Dichtel William R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are attractive candidates for next‐generation membranes due to their robust linkages and uniform, tunable pores. Many publications have claimed to achieve selective molecular transport through COF pores, but reported performance metrics for similar networks vary dramatically, and in several cases the reported experiments are inadequate to support such conclusions. These issues require a reevaluation of the literature. Published examples of 2D COF membranes for liquid‐phase separations can be broadly divided into two categories, each with common performance characteristics: polycrystalline COF films (most >1 µm thick) and weakly crystalline or amorphous films (most <500 nm thick). Neither category has demonstrated consistent relationships between the designed COF pore structure and separation performance, suggesting that these imperfect materials do not sieve molecules through uniform pores. In this perspective, rigorous practices for evaluating COF membrane structures and separation performance are described, which will facilitate their development toward molecularly precise membranes capable of performing previously unrealized chemical separations. In the absence of this more rigorous standard of proof, reports of COF‐based membranes should be treated with skepticism. As methods to control 2D polymerization improve, precise 2D polymer membranes may exhibit exquisite and energy efficient performance relevant for contemporary separation challenges.
High‐Contrast Bidirectional Optoelectronic Synapses based on 2D Molecular Crystal Heterojunctions for Motion Detection
Authors: Zhu Xiaoting , Gao Changsong , Ren Yiwen , Zhang Xianghong , Li Enlong , Wang Congyong , Yang Fangxu , Wu Jishan , Hu Wenping , Chen Huipeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLight‐stimulated optoelectronic synaptic devices are fundamental compositions of the neuromorphic vision system. However, there are still huge challenges to achieving both bidirectional synaptic behaviors under light stimuli and high performance. Herein, a bilayer 2D molecular crystal (2DMC) p‐n heterojunction is developed to achieve high‐performance bidirectional synaptic behaviors. The 2DMC heterojunction‐based field effect transistor (FET) devices exhibit typical ambipolar properties and remarkable responsivity (R) of 3.58×104 A W−1 under weak light as low as 0.008 mW cm−2. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors are successfully realized by the same light stimuli under different gate voltages. Moreover, a superior contrast ratio (CR) of 1.53×103 is demonstrated by the ultrathin and high‐quality 2DMC heterojunction, which transcends previous optoelectronic synapses and enables application for the motion detection of the pendulum. Furthermore, a motion detection network based on the device is developed to detect and recognize classic motion vehicles in road traffic with an accuracy exceeding 90%. This work provides an effective strategy for developing high‐contrast bidirectional optoelectronic synapses and shows great potential in the intelligent bionic device and future artificial vision.
Halide‐Initiated Structural Regulation in Amidino‐Based Low‐Dimensional Perovskite/Perovskitoid and Their Application for Crystal X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Ma Chuang , Wang Shumei , Gao Lili , Xu Zhuo , Song Xin , Yang Tinghuan , Li Haojin , Liu Xinmei , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhao Kui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional perovskites (LDPs) have attracted significant attention due to their high stability, great chemical flexibility, and fertile “playground” for structural modulation, which are expected to herald the next‐generation multifunctional devices. While there is a high diversity of LDPs in the literature, the organic cations in most of the literature are still limited to amines. Here, the preparation of centimeter‐sized LDP single crystals with amidino‐based spacers is described, which enables systematic investigations on how halides initiate different structural stacking and on their physical properties. The 4‐amidinopyridine (4AP) cation in (4AP)PbX4 (X = Br, I) is vertically distributed between the inorganic layers to form a two‐dimensional perovskite. While the Cl‐based exhibits one‐dimensional perovskitoid packing. The change of halogens from Cl to Br and I leads to a lower hydrogen bonding, hardness and activation energy of the crystal. Finally, the potential of these crystals for X‐ray detectors is demonstrated. The (4AP)PbBr4 device achieves the highest sensitivity among three devices (373.1 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, 10 V), benefiting from the balanced charge transport and ionic migration. It is anticipated that this work will lead to further studies on the exploration and physics of novel LDP with properties suitable for radiation detection.
All‐Glass Metasurfaces for Ultra‐Broadband and Large Acceptance Angle Antireflectivity: from Ultraviolet to Mid‐Infrared
Authors: Ray Nathan J. , Yoo Jae‐Hyuck , Nguyen Hoang T. , Feigenbaum Eyal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor many optics technologies, such as display screens, solar cells, laser systems, and eyeglasses, antireflective (AR) coatings are well integrated; these applications frequently benefit from the ability to function as broadband AR. Here, all‐glass metasurfaces are reported on, exhibiting a measured reflectance of 0.18% ± 0.23% per interface, averaged across wavelengths spanning from 350 nm (ultraviolet) to 2350 nm (mid‐infrared); to the best of knowledge, this is the first‐ever demonstration of an AR layer capable of this. Furthermore, acceptance angles up to 100° (angle of incidence = ±50°) results in %R < 0.6% per interface over the band 350–1300 nm for P‐polarization and S‐polarization, with wavelength averaged reflectance values 0.04% ± 0.05% and 0.11% ± 0.15%, respectively – another technological first. The process advancements presented here allow for reflectance suppression over a broad range of wavelengths, angles, and polarizations.
Core–Shell Structured Fluorescent Protein Nanoparticles: New Paradigm Toward Zero‐Thermal‐Quenching in High‐Power Biohybrid Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nieddu Mattia , Patrian Marta , Ferrara Sara , Fuenzalida Werner Juan Pablo , Kohler Fabian , Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Kostiainen Mauri A. , Dietz Hendrik , Berenguer Jesús Rubén , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStable and efficient high‐power biohybrid light‐emitting diodes (Bio‐HLEDs) using fluorescent proteins (FPs) in photon downconverting filters have not been achieved yet, reaching best efficiencies of 130 lm W−1 stable for >5 h. This is related to the rise of the device temperature (70–80 °C) caused by FP‐motion and quick heat‐transmission in water‐based filters, they lead to a strong thermal emission quenching followed by the quick chromophore deactivation via photoinduced H‐transfer. To tackle both issues at once, this work shows an elegant concept of a new FP‐based nanoparticle, in which the FP core is shielded by a SiO2‐shell (FP@SiO2) with no loss of the photoluminescence figures‐of‐merit over years in foreign environments: dry powder at 25 °C (ambient) or constant 50 °C, as well as suspensions in organic solvents. This enables the preparation of water‐free photon downconverting coatings with FP@SiO2, realizing on‐chip high‐power Bio‐HLEDs with 100 lm W−1 stable for >120 h. Both thermal emission quenching and H‐transfer deactivation are suppressed, since the device temperature holds <40 °C and remote high‐power Bio‐HLEDs exhibit final stabilities of 130 days compared to reference devices with water‐based FP@SiO2 (83 days) and FP‐polymer coatings (>100 h). Hence, FP@SiO2 is a new paradigm toward water‐free zero‐thermal‐quenching biophosphors for first‐class high‐power Bio‐HLEDs.
C60‐Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products
Authors: Zhao Bohang , Chen Fanpeng , Cheng Chuanqi , Li Li , Liu Cuibo , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConstructing Cu0–Cu+ double‐active sites is significant for C–C coupling to produce multicarbon products during the CO2 electrocatalytic reduction process. However, Cu‐based precursors (including Cu+) are easily reduced to Cu0, especially at large current densities. Thus, developing a facile Cu+ stabilization method to form Cu0–Cu+ double‐active sites is highly desirable but challenging. Herein, fullerene (C60) is used as an electronic buffer to stabilize the Cu+ site. Then, a composite of copper oxide and C60 precursor is designed to obtain a catalyst consisting of in situ formed Cu0–Cu+ double‐active sites. The catalyst not only delivers up to 61% multicarbon (C2+) products Faraday efficiency at a partial current density of 366 mA cm−2 but also exhibits a good 12 h durability of the Cu+ site at −1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the Cu0–Cu+ double‐active sites are revealed to induce the preferential coupling of *CO and *CHO over *CO dimerization, accounting for the enhanced C2+ selectivity.
Efficient solar fuel production enabled by an iodide oxidation reaction on atomic layer deposited MoS2
Authors: Park Young Sun , Jang Gyumin , Sohn Inkyu , Lee Hyungsoo , Tan Jeiwan , Yun Juwon , Ma Sunihl , Lee Jeongyoub , Lee Chan Uk , Moon Subin , Im Hayoung , Chung Seung‐Min , Yu Seungho , Kim Hyungjun , Moon Jooho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) as a half‐anodic reaction of water splitting hinders the overall reaction efficiency owing to its thermodynamic and kinetic limitations. Iodide oxidation reaction (IOR) with low thermodynamic barrier and rapid reaction kinetics is a promising alternative to the OER. Herein, we present a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) electrocatalyst for a high‐efficiency and remarkably durable anode enabling IOR. MoS2 nanosheets deposited on a porous carbon paper via atomic layer deposition show an IOR current density of 10 mA cm–2 at an anodic potential of 0.63 V with respect to the reversible hydrogen electrode owing to the porous substrate as well as the intrinsic iodide oxidation capability of MoS2 as confirmed by theoretical calculations. The lower positive potential applied to the MoS2‐based heterostructure during IOR electrocatalysis prevents deterioration of the active sites on MoS2, resulting in exceptional durability of 200 h. Subsequently, we fabricate a two‐electrode system comprising a MoS2 anode for IOR combined with a commercial Pt@C catalyst cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, the photovoltaic–electrochemical hydrogen production device comprising this electrolyzer and a single perovskite photovoltaic cell shows a record‐high current density of 21 mA cm–2 at 1 sun under unbiased conditions.
Bifunctional PdPt bimetallenes for formate oxidation‐boosted water electrolysis
Authors: Liu Xi‐Lai , Jiang Yu‐Chuan , Huang Jiang‐Tao , Zhong Wei , He Bin , Jin Pu‐Jun , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmall‐molecule electrooxidation‐boosted water electrolysis (WE) is an energy‐saving method for hydrogen (H2) production. Herein, PdPt bimetallenes (PdPt BMLs) are obtained through the simple galvanic replacement reaction. PdPt BMLs reveal 2.93‐fold enhancement in intrinsic electroactivity and 4.53‐fold enhancement in mass electroactivity for the formate oxidation reaction (FOR) with respect to Pd metallenes (Pd MLs) at 0.50 V potential due to the synergistic effect. Meanwhile, the introduction of Pt atoms also considerably increases the electroactivity of PdPt BMLs for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with respect to Pd MLs in an alkaline medium, which even exceeds that with the use of commercial Pt nanocrystals. Inspired by the outstanding FOR and HER electroactivity of bifunctional PdPt BMLs, a two‐electrode FOR‐boosted WE system (FOR‐WE) is constructed by using PdPt BMLs as the cathode and the anode. The FOR‐WE system only requires an operational voltage of 0.31 V to achieve H2 production, which is 1.48 V lower than that (ca. 1.79 V) with the use of the traditional WE system.