bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of feeding CLOSTAT (Bacillus subtilis PB6) on the clinical health, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers1
Authors: Ryan Will R , DeSocio Elizabeth S , Youngers Maggie E , Lockard Caleb G , Richards Chris J , Trojan Sara J , Hergenreder Jerilyn E , Wilson Blake K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of feeding Bacillus subtilis PB6 on clinical health, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Bos indicus crossbred steer calves (n = 397; 342 kg initial body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to pens by initial BW; pens (n = 24) were randomly assigned to one of two of the following experimental treatments: 1) no supplemental dietary direct-fed microbial, control (CON; n = 12 pens) or 2) 13 g/steer daily B. subtilis PB6 (CLO; CLOSTAT, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA; n = 12 pens). Steers were housed in 12.2 × 30.5 m soil-surfaced pens; pen served as the experimental unit. The percentage of cattle treated once or twice for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.27); BRD mortality also did not differ between CON and CLO (P = 0.34). During the receiving period, final BW (P = 0.97), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.91), dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.77), and gain:feed (P = 0.79) were not different among treatments. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for CLO-supplemented steers to be 14% more efficient from days 0 to 14 of the receiving period. Final BW, overall finishing phase ADG, and DMI did not differ by treatment (P ≥ 0.14); ADG was 0.14 kg greater for CLO than CON (P = 0.03) from days 29 to 56 of the finishing period. Gain: feed tended (P = 0.07) to be 7% greater (0.144 vs. 0.141) for CLO than CON throughout the duration of the finishing period, and 6.7% greater (P = 0.08; 0.152 for CLO vs. 0.150 for CON) for the entirety of the experiment. Carcass traits did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.31). The results of this experiment suggest that supplementing 13 g/steer daily B. subtilis PB6 may improve feed efficiency in feedlot cattle.
Effects of drought and rehydration on root gene expression in seedlings of Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Authors: Chen Xinhua , Chen Hu , Xu Huilan , Li Mei , Luo Qunfeng , Wang Ting , Yang Zhangqi , Gan Siming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The mechanisms underlying plant response to drought involve the expression of numerous functional and regulatory genes. Transcriptome sequencing based on the second- and/or third-generation high-throughput sequencing platforms has proven to be powerful for investigating the transcriptional landscape under drought stress. However, the full-length transcriptomes related to drought responses in the important conifer genus Pinus L. remained to be delineated using the third-generation sequencing technology. With the objectives of identifying the candidate genes responsible for drought and/or rehydration and clarifying the expression profile of key genes involved in drought regulation, we combined the third- and second-generation sequencing techniques to perform transcriptome analysis on seedling roots under drought stress and rewatering in the drought-tolerant conifer Pinus massoniana Lamb. A sum of 294,114 unique full-length transcripts were produced with a mean length of 3217 bp and N50 estimate of 5075 bp, including 279,560 and 124,438 unique full-length transcripts being functionally annotated and Gene Ontology enriched, respectively. A total of 4076, 6295 and 18,093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pair-wise comparisons of drought-treatment versus control transcriptomes, including 2703, 3576 and 8273 upregulated and 1373, 2719 and 9820 downregulated DEGs, respectively. Moreover, 157, 196 and 691 DEGs were identified as transcription factors in the three transcriptome comparisons and grouped into 26, 34 and 44 transcription factor families, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that a remarkable number of DEGs were enriched in soluble sugar-related and cell wall-related processes. A subset of 75, 68 and 97 DEGs were annotated to be associated with starch, sucrose and raffinose metabolism, respectively, while 32 and 70 DEGs were associated with suberin and lignin biosynthesis, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed modules and hub genes closely related to drought and rehydration. This study provides novel insights into root transcriptomic changes in response to drought dynamics in Masson pine and serves as a fundamental work for further molecular investigation on drought tolerance in conifers.
An Analysis of How Herpes Zoster Pain Affects Health-related Quality of Life of Placebo Patients From 3 Randomized Phase III Studies
Authors: Matthews Sean , Curran Desmond , Sabater Cabrera Eliazar , Boutry Céline , Lecrenier Nicolas , Cunningham Anthony L. , Schmader Kenneth 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, negatively affecting the lives of patients. In this post hoc analysis, we describe the impact of HZ pain on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and activities of daily living (ADL) of immunocompetent individuals 50 years of age and older and in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients age 18 years of age and older.

Materials and Methods:
ZOE-50 (NCT01165177), ZOE-70 (NCT01165229), and ZOE-HSCT (NCT01610414) were phase III, randomized studies conducted in immunocompetent adults 50 years of age and older and 70 years of age and older and in HSCT recipients age 18 years of age and older, respectively. This analysis was performed on patients who experienced an HZ episode in the placebo groups. The impact of varying levels of HZ pain on HRQoL and ADL was analyzed using data from the Zoster Brief Pain Inventory (ZBPI) and the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) and EQ-5D questionnaires.

Results:
A total of 520 immunocompetent and 172 HSCT individuals with HZ were included. SF-36 and EQ-5D domain scores showed a significant relationship between increased HZ pain and worsening HRQoL. For every increase of 1 in the ZBPI pain score, the estimated mean decrease (worsening) in score in the ZOE-50/70 and ZOE-HSCT, respectively, was 2.0 and 2.4 for SF-36 Role Physical; 2.1 and 1.8 for SF-36 Social Functioning; and 0.041 and 0.045 for EQ-5D utility. Sleep and General activities were the ADL components most affected.

Discussion:
Moderate and severe HZ pain had a substantial negative impact on all aspects of HRQoL and ADL. This impact was independent of age and immunosuppression.
The Association Between Time From Emergency Department Visit to ICU Admission and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Shibata Junichiro , Osawa Itsuki , Fukuchi Kiyoyasu , Goto Tadahiro 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2021 recommends that adult patients with sepsis requiring intensive care should be admitted to the ICU within 6 hours of their emergency department (ED) visits. However, there is limited evidence on whether 6 hours is the best target time for compliance with the sepsis bundle. We aimed to investigate the association between time from ED visits to ICU admission (i.e., ED length of stay [ED-LOS]) and mortality and identify the optimal ED-LOS for patients with sepsis.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Emergency Department and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV databases.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients (≥ 18 yr old) who were transferred from the ED to the ICU and subsequently diagnosed with sepsis based on the Sepsis-3 criteria within 24 hours of ICU admission.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among 1,849 patients with sepsis, we found a disproportionally higher mortality rate in patients immediately admitted to the ICU (e.g., < 2 hr). When using ED-LOS as a continuous variable, ED-LOS was not significantly associated with 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per hour increase, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96–1.13; p = 0.3) after an adjustment for potential confounders (e.g., demographics, triage vital signs, and laboratory results) in the multivariable analysis. However, when we categorized all patients into time quartiles (ED-LOS: < 3.3 hr, 3.3–4.5 hr, 4.6–6.1 hr, and > 6.1 hr), patients in the higher time quartiles (e.g., 3.3–4.5 hr) had higher 28-day mortality compared with those in the lowest time quartile (< 3.3 hr) (e.g., adjusted OR for patients in the second time quartile [3.3–4.5 hr] 1.59; 95% CI, 1.03–2.46; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS:
Earlier admission to the ICU (e.g., within 3.3 hr of ED visits) was associated with lower 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Our findings suggest patients with sepsis who require intensive care may benefit from a more immediate ICU admission than 6 hours.
Comparator Groups in ICU-Based Studies of Physical Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of 125 Studies
Authors: O’Grady Heather K. , Reid Julie C. , Farley Christopher , Hanna Quincy E. B. , Unger Janelle , Zorko David J. , Bosch Jackie , Turkstra Lyn S. , Kho Michelle E. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To characterize comparator groups (CGs) in ICU-based studies of physical rehabilitation (PR), including the type, content, and reporting.

DATA SOURCES:
We followed a five-stage scoping review methodology, searching five databases from inception to June 30, 2022. Study selection and data extraction were completed independently, in duplicate.

STUDY SELECTION:
We screened studies by title and abstract, then full-text. We included prospective studies with greater than or equal to two arms enrolling mechanically ventilated adults (≥ 18 yr), with any planned PR intervention initiated in the ICU.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We conducted a quantitative content analysis of authors’ description of CG type and content. We categorized similar CG types (e.g., usual care), classified content into unique activities (e.g., positioning), and summarized these data using counts (proportions). We assessed reporting using Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT; proportion of reported items/total applicable).

DATA SYNTHESIS:
One hundred twenty-five studies were included, representing 127 CGs. PR was planned in 112 CGs (88.2%; 110 studies), representing four types: usual care (n = 81, 63.8%), alternative treatment than usual care (e.g., different from intervention; n = 18, 14.2%), alternative treatment plus usual care (n = 7, 5.5%), and sham (n = 6, 4.7%). Of 112 CGs with planned PR, 90 CGs (88 studies) reported 60 unique activities, most commonly passive range of motion (n = 47, 52.2%). The remaining 22 CGs (19.6%; 22 studies) reported vague descriptions. PR was not planned in 12 CGs (9.5%; 12 studies), and three CGs (2.4%; three studies) reported no details. Studies reported a median (Q1–Q3) of 46.6% (25.0–73.3%) CERT items. Overall, 20.0% of studies reported no detail to understand planned CG activities.

CONCLUSIONS:
The most common type of CG was usual care. We identified heterogeneity in planned activities and CERT reporting deficiencies. Our results could help guide the selection, design, and reporting of CGs in future ICU-based PR studies.
Real-time ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided subclavian vein catheterization in the intensive care unit: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Kshirsagar Sujit J. , Naik Sanyogita V. , Pande Anandkumar H. , Bhalerao Pradnya M. , Birnale Chandraprabhu , Thorve Shivprasad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The subclavian vein (SCV) is an alternative to the internal jugular vein when it is difficult to locate, such as in patients with hypovolemia or obesity. Ultrasonography (USG) guidance for SVC cannulation has evolved, resulting in fewer complications and higher first-pass success rates. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of SCV cannulation with USG- and landmark-guided techniques.

Methods
In this prospective randomized interventional controlled study, 80 patients admitted to the intensive care unit between July 2022 and October 2022 were randomly assigned to the landmark method group (LM group) and USG group. In the LM group, SCV cannulation was performed using the traditional landmark technique, whereas in the USG group, it was performed using USG guidance. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the ease of subclavian central venous cannulation in critically ill patients using the 2 techniques. The secondary objectives were to compare the success rate of cannulation between these 2 techniques, evaluate the number of attempts, assess cannulation failure, and assess mechanical complications.

Results
The first-pass success rates were 70% and 92.5% in the LM and USG groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The average numbers of attempts in the LM and USG groups were 1.275 (±0.520) and 1.075 (±0.266), respectively (P = 0.034). The average procedure durations were 7.45 (±1.10) and 8 (±0.933) minutes in the LM and USG groups (P = 0.018), respectively. The rates of complications in both groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The USG guidance for SCV cannulation has an advantage over landmark-guided methods in a critical care setting. The SCV is a good alternative to internal jugular vein cannulation. The average time to cannulation was longer in the USG group than in the LM group, which can decrease with the frequent use of USG and increasing operator experience.

Clinical trials
This study was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI Trial No. CTRI/2022/07/043694, dated May 7, 2022).
High dose dexamethasone in high pain responders undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Nielsen Niklas I. , Kehlet Henrik , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders , Husted Henrik , Varnum Claus , Kjærsgaard-Andersen Per , Rasmussen Lasse E. , Pleckaitiene Lina , Foss Nicolai B. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may delay postoperative mobilization and discharge. Postoperative pain has been shown to be higher in pain catastrophisers and patients receiving opioids. A single dose of glucocorticoid reduces pain after THA, and an increased dose of glucocorticoids has been found to be effective in patients at high risk of postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), however, the ideal dose in THA remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of a high dose (1 mg kg−1) vs. intermediate dose (0.3 mg kg−1) of dexamethasone on pain after THA.

DESIGN
A randomized double-blind controlled study.

SETTING
A two-centre study including two large arthroplasty sites in Denmark was conducted from February 2019 to August 2020.

PATIENTS
A total of 160 patients undergoing THA by neuraxial block with multimodal analgesia, having a Pain Catastrophising Scale score >20 and/or preoperative opioid use were included.

INTERVENTION
Patients were randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone 1 mg kg−1 or 0.3 mg kg−1 before THA.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary outcome was percentage of patients experiencing moderate to severe pain (visual analogue scale, VAS > 30 mm on a 0 to 100 mm scale) on ambulating 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included cumulated pain scores, C-reactive protein (CRP), opioid use, postoperative recovery scores, length of stay, complications, and re-admission within 30 and 90 days

RESULTS
No difference was found in percentage of VAS >30 mm 24 h after surgery in the 5-m walk test (VAS > 30/VAS ≤ 30%); 33/42 (44%) vs. 32/43 (43%), relative risk = 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.72–1.51; P = 0.814) in 1 mg kg−1
vs. 0.3 mg kg−1 respectively. No differences were found in CRP and opioid use between groups. Also, no intergroup differences were found in recovery scores, re-admissions, or complications.

CONCLUSION
1 mg kg−1
vs. 0.3 mg kg−1 dexamethasone improved neither postoperative pain nor recovery in THA in a cohort of predicted high pain responders.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov ID-number NCT03763760 and EudraCT-number 2018-2636-25.
Effect of Simultaneous Endothelial Keratoplasty and Cataract Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of the Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial
Authors: Chamberlain Winston , Lin Charles C. , Yue Jia , Cavallino Victoria , Benetz Beth Ann , Lass Jonathan H. , Arnold Benjamin , Lietman Thomas M. , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Combining cataract surgery with endothelial keratoplasty (triple EK) is a common practice and may be safer because it commits the patient to only one surgery. This study aimed to determine whether outcomes of pseudophakic endothelial keratoplasty and triple EK have similar outcomes.

Methods:
This was a non-prespecified secondary analysis of a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Enrollment centers included the Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health and Sciences University and the Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University. Patients with damaged or diseased endothelium and were considered good candidates for either Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty or ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty were randomized to one of the two surgeries 1-2 days prior to surgery. If the patient had a cataract, they underwent simultaneous cataract surgery. The primary outcome was visual acuity at 6 months. Visual acuity at 3, 12, and 24 months, 3, 6, 12, and 24 month endothelial cell density and intraoperative and postoperative complications were also recorded.

Results:
Those who had pseudophakic EK generally were older, more likely to be male, and more likely to have worse baseline vision with higher corneal densitometry values. After controlling for baseline visual acuity and type of keratoplasty, those that underwent Triple-EK had 0.09 better LogMAR lines better visual acuity at 6 (95% CI −0.17 to −0.10; P = 0.02) and 12 months (95% CI −0.21 to −0.07; P = 0.03). Although those receiving Triple- EK had nearly one-half LogMAR line better visual acuity at 24 months, it was no longer statistically significant (95% CI −0.20 to −0.05; P = 0.36). There was no statistically significant difference in ECD between groups at any timepoint. Those undergoing triple EK were more likely to have at least one adverse event (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Earlier intervention with Triple-EK may improve visual acuity outcomes after endothelial keratoplasty compared with staged procedures, but may also increase the risks of adverse events including the need for re-bubble.
Alpha Blocker Medical Expulsive Therapy for Ureteral Stones—Usage of Health Care Resources
Authors: Wong Daniel , Vetter Joel , Keller Matthew R. , Palka Joshua , Venkatesh Ramakrishna , Desai Alana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To study the effects of alpha blocker prescription for ureteral stones on health care resources.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, patients with a new ureteral stone diagnosis were selected from a commercial claims database between 2011 and 2016. We examined data from patients who were and were not prescribed an alpha blocker for ureteral stone diagnosis. Comparative analyses were performed between these groups at 30 and 90 days postdiagnosis. We evaluated the need for surgical intervention, repeat imaging, emergency department (ED) visits, adverse events, and total medical claims cost.

Results:
Of 70,599 patients with ureteral stones, alpha blockers were prescribed to 51.1% for a median duration of ten days. At 30 and 90 days after index diagnosis, alpha blocker treated patients were more likely to undergo surgical intervention (P < .01, 1.06 HR), have additional imaging studies (P < .01, 1.37 HR), and visit the emergency department (P < .01, 1.19 HR). Total medical costs at 30 and 90 days were increased by 11.3% and 10.1%, respectively, for patients treated with an alpha blocker (P < .01).

Conclusions:
Patients who were prescribed an alpha blocker for a diagnosis of ureteral stone had increased surgical interventions, subsequent ED visits, additional imaging studies, and overall total cost to the health care system compared with patients not on alpha blockers. In addition to uncertain and disputed efficacy, the negative impact on health care resources should also be considered in the decision for the use of alpha blockers for ureteral stones.
Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary embolism in children with sickle cell disease: an institutional retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bala Natasha , Stanek Joseph , Rodriguez Vilmarie , Villella Anthony 
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted to examine prevalence of pulmonary embolism in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and identify potential risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism in a single tertiary paediatric centre.
Children with SCD between 0 and 21 years of age from January 2010 to January 2021 were included. Pulmonary embolism was initially identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or 10 codes and confirmed with manual chart review of identified cases. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess association between SCD specific and general thrombotic risk factors and pulmonary embolism.
We identified 492 unique patients with SCD with a median age of 11 years (interquartile range: 4–18). A total of eight (1.6%) patients developed a pulmonary embolism. Patients with pulmonary embolism were significantly older (median, interquartile range: 20.5, 14–21 years) than patients without pulmonary embolism (median, interquartile range: 10, 4–17 years). Central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy and erythrocytapheresis were significantly associated with pulmonary embolism on univariable logistic regression analysis. A previous diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was significantly more common among patients with pulmonary embolism than among those without pulmonary embolism (50 vs. 5.2%; P < 0.0001).
Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in children with SCD was high. Risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism in this study such as CNS vasculopathy or erythrocytapheresis could suggest that the risk for pulmonary embolism in SCD may be related to the severity of disease state. Future studies are needed on pulmonary embolism prevention strategies.
Elderly Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cancer Patients Could Benefit From Postoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Bin , Shi Jinbo , Lu Wenjie , Wu Yulian , Dong Xin 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
The study aim to investigate whether elderly patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) could benefit from postoperative chemotherapy.

Methods
This study selects the data of PDAC patients who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Median overall survival (mOS) is determined by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and hazard ratio are employed to assess the association among potential prognostic factors. Propensity score matching evaluation is used to reduce bias.

Results
In total, there are 11,865 PDAC patients selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Elderly PDAC patients have poor prognoses compared with younger (mOS, 15 vs 21 months). The possible reason might be that the elderly patients are less likely to receive postoperative chemotherapy. After propensity score matching, it is found that, for those who receive postoperative chemotherapy, although the mOS of older group is not as good as that of the younger group (mOS, 20 vs 23 months; 18-month survival rate: 53.4% vs 61.3%), the mOS of older group prolonged by postoperative chemotherapy is similar to that of younger group (9 vs 9 months).

Conclusions
Elderly PDAC patients (≥70 years) might benefit from the currently used postoperative chemotherapy regimens.