bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Catalysts for Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate from Spent Batteries
Authors: Gallegos María V. , Meyer Marcos , Jori Khalil , Mizrahi Martín , Sambeth Jorge , Peluso Miguel A. , Damonte Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work was supported by National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET, PIP0718), ANPCyT through PICT 2015‐1261 and Faculty of Exact Sciences (UNLP, 11/X772 and 11/X808). JS, MVG, KJ, MM, MM, LCD and MP are members of CONICET.
Natural Molecule‐Incorporated Magnetic Organic‐Inorganic Nanoflower: Investigation of Its Dual Fenton Reaction‐Dependent Enzyme‐Like Catalytic Activities with Cyclic Use
Authors: Dadi Seyma , Cardoso Marlon Henrique , Mandal Amit Kumar , Franco Octávio Luiz , Ildiz Nilay , Ocsoy Ismail 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe functional organic‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) have recently attracted considerable attention due to enhanced catalytic activity and stability. The main purpose of this study is to synthesize new Fenton reagents and investigate their catalytic activity, dye degradation performance and antimicrobial activity. This magnetic gallic acid nanoflowers (FeGANF) were self‐assembled via incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) into gallic acid (GA) as organic part and copper(II) phosphate (Cu3(PO4)2) as inorganic parts. The FeGANF were characterized by SEM, EDX, FT‐IR and XRD. The peroxidase‐like activity and dye degradation performance of FeGANF and GANF based on Fenton reaction in the presence of H2O2 was studied toward guaiacol as substrate, using methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) as a cationic and anionic dyes, respectively. FeGANF shows much high catalytic activity and decoloration efficiency (97 % for MB and 99 % for CR) because of dual active center in Fenton reaction on the surface of FeGANF. FeGANF exhibited more antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 than that of the GA and GANF. The results of these studies suggest that magnetic hNFs has proved to be promising Fenton reagents for biological and environmental applications including treatment of wastewater.
Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane‐Based pH‐Responsive Molecular Switch Involving a [23]Crown Ether Wheel, Dibenzylammonium and Methyl Triazolium Recognition Stations
Authors: Prakashni Manisha , Dasgupta Suvankar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA bistable [2]rotaxane based on dibenzylammonium (DBA+)/methyl triazolium (MTA+) stations and [23]crown ether (X23C7) wheel component has been obtained in excellent yield. The crown ether X23C7 predominantly occupies the DBA+ station, in the bistable [2]rotaxane. On addition of the base, the crown ether X23C7 shuttles across to the MTA+ station. Acid treatment led to the restoration of X23C7 back to the DBA+ station. Due to this reversibility, a pH‐responsive molecular switch has been obtained. This is the first example of a [23]crown ether, a smaller analogue of [24]crown ether, exhibiting shuttling motion in any crown ether‐based mechanically interlocked molecules.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles Networks Stabilized by Rod‐Like Organometallic Bifunctional Thiols
Authors: Cerra Sara , Carlini Laura , Salamone Tommaso A. , Hajareh Haghighi Farid , Mercurio Martina , Pennacchi Beatrice , Sappino Carla , Battocchio Chiara , Nottola Stefania , Matassa Roberto , Fratoddi Ilaria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRod‐like organometallic dithiol containing square‐planar Pt(II) centers, i. e., trans,trans‐[(H3COCS)Pt(PBu3)2(C≡C−C6H4−C6H4−C≡C)(PBu3)2Pt(SCOCH3)] was used as bifunctional stabilizing agent for the synthesis of Pd‐, Au‐, and AgNPs (MNPs). All the MNPs showed diameters of about 4 nm, which can be controlled by carefully modulating the synthesis parameters. Covalent MNPs stabilization occurred through a single S bridge between Pt(II) and the noble metal nanocluster surfaces, leading to a network of regularly spaced NPs with the formation of dyads, as supported by SR‐XPS data and by TEM imaging analysis. The chemical nature of NPs systems was also confirmed by EDS and NMR. Comparison between SR‐XPS data of MNPs and self‐assembled monolayers and multilayers of pristine rod‐like dithiols deposited onto polycrystalline gold surfaces revealed an electronic interaction between Pt(II) centers and biphenyl moieties of adjacent ligands, stabilizing the organic structure of the network. The possibility to obtain networks of regularly spaced MNPs opens outstanding perspectives in optoelectronics.
Magnetic Heating Amorphous NiFe Hydroxide Nanosheets Encapsulated Ni Nanoparticles@Wood Carbon to Boost Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Wang Yaoxing , Fan Xueqin , Du Qiuyu , Shang Ying , Li Xueqi , Cao Zhifeng , Wang Xuan , Li Jian , Xie Yanjun , Gan Wentao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has significant effects on the water‐splitting process and rechargeable metal‐air batteries; however, the sluggish reaction kinetics caused by the four‐electron transfer process for transition metal catalysts hinder large‐scale commercialization in highly efficient electrochemical energy conversion devices. Herein, a magnetic heating‐assisted enhancement design for low‐cost carbonized wood with high OER activity is proposed, in which Ni nanoparticles are encapsulated in amorphous NiFe hydroxide nanosheets (a‐NiFe@Ni‐CW) via direct calcination and electroplating. The introduction of amorphous NiFe hydroxide nanosheets optimizes the electronic structure of a‐NiFe@Ni‐CW, accelerating electron transfer and reducing the energy barrier in the OER. More importantly, the Ni nanoparticles located on carbonized wood can function as magnetic heating centers under the effect of an alternating current (AC) magnetic field, further promoting the adsorption of reaction intermediates. Consequently, a‐NiFe@Ni‐CW demonstrated an overpotential of 268 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the OER under an AC magnetic field, which is superior to that of most reported transition metal catalysts. Starting with sustainable and abundant wood, this work provides a reference for highly effective and low‐cost electrocatalyst design with the assistance of a magnetic field.
Layer‐Controlled Perovskite 2D Nanosheet Interlayer for the Energy Storage Performance of Nanocomposites
Authors: Ryu Ahrom , Yim Haena , Yoo Soyeon , Park Jiseul , Lee Dong‐Gyu , Lee Jun Young , Song Hyun‐Cheol , Baek Seung Hyub , Nahm Sahn , Choi Ji‐Won 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymer‐based nanocomposites are desirable materials for next‐generation dielectric capacitors. 2D dielectric nanosheets have received significant attention as a filler. However, randomly spreading the 2D filler causes residual stresses and agglomerated defect sites in the polymer matrix, which leads to the growth of an electric tree, resulting in a more premature breakdown than expected. Therefore, realizing a well‐aligned 2D nanosheet layer with a small amount is a key challenge; it can inhibit the growth of conduction paths without degrading the performance of the material. Here, an ultrathin Sr1.8Bi0.2Nb3O10 (SBNO) nanosheet filler is added as a layer into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films via the Langmuir–Blodgett method. The structural properties, breakdown strength, and energy storage capacity of a PVDF and multilayer PVDF/SBNO/PVDF composites as a function of the thickness‐controlled SBNO layer are examined. The seven‐layered (only 14 nm) SBNO nanosheets thin film can sufficiently prevent the electrical path in the PVDF/SBNO/PVDF composite and shows a high energy density of 12.8 J cm−3 at 508 MV m−1, which is significantly higher than that of the bare PVDF film (9.2 J cm−3 at 439 MV m−1). At present, this composite has the highest energy density among the polymer‐based nanocomposites under the filler of thin thickness.
Green Nanocoatings Prepared by Crosslinking Self‐Assembled Fatty Acids on Metals
Authors: Marušić Katarina , Pezić Ena , Matijaković Mlinarić Nives , Dubček Pavo , Sancho‐Parramon Jordi , Kralj Damir , Mihaljević Branka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are an important element of modern nanotechnology and surface functionalization. However, their application is still limited because they are easily removed from the surface of the object in corrosive environments. Crosslinking would make SAMs more resistant to the corrosive environment they are exposed to. In this work, how to strongly crosslink SAMs made of non‐toxic and biodegradable fatty acids on metal surfaces using ionizing radiation has been demonstrated for the first time. The crosslinked nanocoatings are stable over time and have significantly improved properties compared to SAMs. Thus, crosslinking opens up the possibility of using SAMS in a variety of different systems and on different materials for surface functionalization to achieve stable and durable surface properties such as biocompatibility or selective reactivity.
Effect of different levels of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and mulberry (Morus alba) leaves powder on performance, carcass characteristics, immune response and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens
Authors: Aziz‐Aliabadi Fatemeh , Noruzi Hadi , Hassanabadi Ahmad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the use of medicinal plants as an alternative to antibiotics has expanded. Plants containing medicines and antioxidants can improve the performance of poultry.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to achieve the appropriate levels of green tea leaf powder (GTP) and mulberry leaf powder (MLP) in the diet, which positively affects broilers’ performance.Methods648 one‐day‐old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to nine dietary treatments with six replicates and each replicate containing 12 birds based on a completely randomised design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 3 with three levels of GTP, and three levels of MLP for 42 days. Treatments included: (1) no GTP + no MLP (control), (2) 1% GTP + no MLP, (3) 2% GTP + no MLP, (4) no GTP + 1% MLP, (5) 1% GTP + 1% MLP, (6) 2% GTP + 1% MLP, (7) no GTP + 2% MLP, (8) 1% GTP + 2% MLP and (9) 2% GTP + 2% MLP.ResultsThe results revealed that the effect of added powders (2%) was significant and increased daily weight gain (DWG) and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group during the grower and whole phases (p < 0.05). On 35 days, the control and 2% GTP + 2% MLP treatment had the lowest and highest antibodies titre (total and immunoglobulin G [IgG]), respectively (p < 0.05). The groups fed with 1% GTP + 1% MLP showed higher villus height (VH) compared to the control, 2% GTP + 1% MLP, 1% GTP + 2% MLP, and 2% GTP + 2% MLP groups (p < 0.05). The ratio of the villus height to crypt depth (VH: CD) in treatments 1% GTP + no MLP, 2% GTP + no MLP and 1% GTP + 1% MLP was significantly higher than the control treatment (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt was concluded that the addition of 2% GTP or MLP could improve humoral immune response and performance, and the addition of 1% GTP without MLP increased VH: CD in broilers.
Scanning X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and micro‐X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis as a guiding tool for the conservation treatment of two eighteenth‐century Philadelphian portraits
Authors: Porell Mina , Cushman Matthew , Fischel Jason S. T. , Fischel Matthew H. H. , Sparks Donald L. , Grayburn Rosie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn in‐depth technical examination and conservation treatment of paintings by William Williams (Bristol 1727–1791 Bristol) has shed light on the artist's materials and technique. This investigation centered primarily on Williams's two 1766 portraits of William and David Hall. The paintings are considered the earliest life‐sized, full‐length portraits executed in the Philadelphia area. The analysis of the artist's palette indicated deliberate choices in the use of orpiment (As2S3). The mineral's tendency to oxidize to colorless and water‐soluble arsenic oxides likely caused color changes and degraded organic binder in the orpiment‐rich areas. μ‐XANES revealed orpiment photodegradation to arsenate species at the paint surface, with migration to the ground layers. Just below the paint surface, arsenic remains bound primarily as arsenite, with some associated with sulfur as orpiment. This As distribution suggests that the paint is liable to further degradation by photooxidation and use of moisture would be detrimental. Given this treatment‐critical degradation phenomenon, it was important to identify all arsenic‐containing areas of both portraits. Scanning XRF allowed rapid and accurate collection of maps from both portraits. Elemental maps of arsenic identified the orpiment‐rich areas of the painting, which would be susceptible to further degradation upon exposure to water during treatment. An aqueous adhesive was necessary to consolidate the cupped paint of the glue‐paste lined paintings. The arsenic maps guided the use of two different consolidants–BEVA 371 for the water‐sensitive orpiment‐rich paint and sturgeon glue for all other areas, striking a compromise between esthetic improvement and long term preservation.
Einleitung: Materialität – Komparativität – Konstitutivität
Authors: Achermann Eric , Stierstorfer Klaus 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie BuchreiheLiteratur und Rechtbeginnt mit der These, dass die Beziehungen zwischen diesen beiden großen gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Bereichen mit der Aufteilung in die Aspekte Materialität, Komparativität und Konstitutivität systematisch dargestellt und umfassend bestimmt werden können. Die ersten drei Bände der Reihe, die sich jeweils intensiv mit einem der Begriffe auseinandersetzen, falten diese These aus und veranschaulichen sie mit Grundsatzüberlegungen, Fallstudien und weiterführenden Gedankengängen. Die hier folgende Einleitung stellt die Grundlagen dieser Dreiteilung dar.
A Matrix Model for Flat Space Quantum Gravity
Authors: Kar Arjun , Lamprou Lampros , Marteau Charles , Rosso Felipe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We take a step towards the non-perturbative description of a two-dimensional dilaton-gravity theory which has a vanishing cosmological constant and contains black holes. This is done in terms of a double-scaled Hermitian random matrix model which non-perturbatively computes the partition function for the asymptotic Bondi Hamiltonian. To arrive at this connection we first construct the gauge-invariant asymptotic phase space of the theory and determine the relevant asymptotic boundary conditions, compute the classical S-matrix and, finally, shed light on the interpretation of the Euclidean path integral defined in previous works. We then construct a matrix model that matches the topological expansion of the latter, to all orders. This allows us to compute the fine-grained Bondi spectrum and other late time observables and to construct asymptotic Hilbert spaces. We further study aspects of the semi-classical dynamics of the finite cut-off theory coupled to probe matter and find evidence of maximally chaotic behavior in out-of-time-order correlators. We conclude with a strategy for constructing the non-perturbative S-matrix for our model coupled to probe matter and comment on the treatment of black holes in celestial holography.
The Corner Tower of Anagni Cathedral: Geometry and Equilibrium
Authors: Angelillo Maurizio , Bortot Alessio , Olivieri Carlo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the corner tower of the Anagni Cathedral, a Romanesque structure built in the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. The tower, located beneath the baptistery, was likely constructed to support a small chapel with a font. Through digital surveying and geometric analysis, this study examines the tower's structural element and speculates on the ideal stereotomic apparatus and reference models. The paper also delves into the mechanism responsible for maintaining the cantilevering structure’s equilibrium. The tower and baptistery exemplify the role of stereotomy and friction in maintaining equilibrium, with internal tensile forces and unilateral contact between the structure's blocks. This study provides valuable insights into the Anagni Cathedral's structural elements and highlights the importance of understanding stereotomy and friction principles.
The effect of geometric design and materials on section properties of additively manufactured lattice elements
Authors: Almalki Abduladheem , Downing David , Noronha Jordan , Dash Jason , Lozanovski Bill , Tino Rance , Alghamdi Ahmad , Khorasani Mahyar , Qian Ma , Brandt Milan , Leary Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) facilitate the fabrication of complex lattice structures. However, these structures consistently display dimensional variation between the idealised and as-manufactured specimens. This research proposes a method to characterise the impact of common LB-PBF powders (aluminium and titanium alloys) and geometric design parameters (polygon order, effective diameter, and inclination angle) on section properties relevant to stiffness and strength of as-manufactured strut elements. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) has been applied to algorithmically characterise the as-manufactured variation and identify a scale threshold below which additional geometric resolution does not influence the section properties of as-manufactured parts. This methodology provides a robust and algorithmic design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) tool to characterise the effects of manufacturing and design parameters on the functional response of AM strut elements, as is required for certification and optimisation.
Axillary lymph node status and invasive lobular breast cancer
Authors: Danzinger Sabine , Pöckl Karin , Kronawetter Gerit , Pfeifer Christian , Behrendt Sandra , Gscheidlinger Patricia , Harrasser Lois , Mühlböck Helmut , Dirschlmayer Walter , Schauer Christian , Reitsamer Roland , Uher Heidemarie , Schönau Kristina , Delmarko Irmgard , Singer Christian F. 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Background
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents the second most common type of invasive breast cancer (BC). Although ILC generally have good prognostic properties (positive estrogen receptor, ER, low tumor grade), they are generally diagnosed at a more advanced stage. The data on the axillary lymph node status in ILC compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are considered controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the pathological node stage (pN) between ILC and IDC in an Austria-wide register.

Methods
Data of the Clinical Tumor Register (Klinisches TumorRegister, KTR) of the Austrian Association for Gynecological Oncology (AGO) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with primary early BC, invasive lobular or ductal, diagnosed between January 2014 and December 2018, and primary surgery were included. A total of 2127 tumors were evaluated and compared in 2 groups, ILC n = 303, IDC n = 1824.

Results
A total of 2095 patients were analyzed in the study. In the multivariate analysis, pN2 and pN3 were observed significantly more frequently in ILC compared with IDC (odds ratio, OR 1.93; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.19–3.14; p = 0.008 and OR 3.22; 95% CI: 1.47–7.03; p = 0.003; respectively). Other factors associated with ILC were tumor grades 2 and 3, positive ER, and pathological tumor stage (pT) 2 and pT3. In contrast, concomitant ductal carcinoma in situ, overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and a moderate and high proliferation rate (Ki67) were found less frequently in ILC.

Conclusion
The data show an increased risk of extensive axillary lymph node metastasis (pN2/3) in ILC.
A survey on the pipeline evolution of facial capture and tracking for digital humans
Authors: Vilchis Carlos , Perez-Guerrero Carmina , Mendez-Ruiz Mauricio , Gonzalez-Mendoza Miguel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the introduction of concepts for virtual interaction and digital doubles, a rich scenario has been created for embodied avatars to strive. These avatars, more recently referred to as digital humans, have become a popular area of research, resulting in various techniques and methods that focus on improving the perception of their realism, fidelity, emphatic response, and interactivity. This survey aims to explore the literature and recent advancements on the key processes behind the creation and animation of digital human faces through the view of a general pipeline. The extensive review carried out in this study explores the usual data collection protocols, the main facial codification paradigms and databases, the approaches for digital human asset creation, facial tracking solutions for performance-driven animation, the solving process, and the final rendering delivery. Different quantitative evaluation methods, visual perception tests, and empathetic response evaluations for digital humans are also included in the survey. Additionally, the paper presents an updated summary of public and private frameworks for digital humans that go through the complete general pipeline presented. Finally, the condensed knowledge is discussed, inquiring into the possible direction of future developments in the field.
Radiation dose to staff from medical X-ray scatter in the orthopaedic theatre
Authors: Dorman T. , Drever B. , Plumridge S. , Gregory K. , Cooper M. , Roderick A. , Arruzza E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Given the growing demand for intraoperative imaging, there is increased concern for radiation dose for orthopaedic surgical staff. This study sought to determine the distribution of scatter radiation from fluoroscopic imaging in the orthopaedic surgical environment, with particular emphasis on the positions of personnel and the type of orthopaedic surgery performed.

Methods
A radiation survey detector was deployed at various angles and distances around an anthropomorphic phantom. The scatter dose rate in microsieverts per hour (µSv/h) was recorded using consistent exposure parameters for five common surgical procedures. A C-arm unit produced radiation for the hip arthroscopy, hip replacement and knee simulations, whilst a mini C-arm unit produced fluoroscopy for the foot and hand simulations.

Results
Readings were tabulated, and coloured heatmaps were generated from scatter measurements for each of the five procedures. Positions corresponding to the typical location of the surgical staff (surgeon, surgical assistant, anaesthetist, instrument (scrub) nurse, circulation (scout) nurse and anaesthetic nurse) were superimposed on heatmaps. The surgeon’s proximity to the radiation source meant this position experienced the greatest amount of radiation in all five surgical procedures. Mini C-arm doses were considered low in all procedures for positions, with and without lead protection.

Conclusion
This investigation demonstrated the distribution of scattered radiation dose experienced at different positions within the orthopaedic surgical theatre. It reinforces the importance of staff increasing their distance from the primary beam where possible, reducing exposure time and increasing shielding with lead protection.