bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Supported Ru‐Incorporated NiSe2 for Ampere‐Level Current Density Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhang Huaiyu , Lu Xue , Wang Liang , Zou Yan , Miao Juhong , Qiao Man , Tang Yujia , Zhu Dongdong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo meet the requirements for industrial water splitting to generate hydrogen, it is urgent, but still quite challenging to develop highly active and stable electrocatalysts for large‐current‐density hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, Ru‐incorporated NiSe2 (Ru‐NiSe2) was designed and synthesized. The introduction of Ru results in the formation of hierarchically structured Ru‐NiSe2 with large electrochemical active surface area, and well‐modified electronic structure. As expected, the as‐fabricated Ru‐NiSe2 displays impressive HER activity in 1.0 M KOH, with a low overpotential of 180.8 mV to reach the current density of 1000 mA cm−2. Ru‐NiSe2 also presents outstanding long‐term stability at high current densities, owing to its high intrinsic chemical stability, and strong catalyst‐support interface. Notably, when performed at a certain current density of 1000 mA cm−2, the overpotential increase after 90 h is only 13 mV. Such excellent HER performance of Ru‐NiSe2 demonstrates its great potential for practical use in industrial water splitting.
Substituent Effects in Bioorthogonal Diels–Alder Reactions of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines
Authors: Houszka Nicole , Mikula Hannes , Svatunek Dennis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines are increasingly used as reactants in bioorthogonal chemistry due to their high reactivity in Diels–Alder reactions with various dienophiles. Substituents in the 3‐ and 6‐positions of the tetrazine scaffold are known to have a significant impact on the rate of cycloadditions; this is commonly explained on the basis of frontier molecular orbital theory. In contrast, we show that reactivity differences between commonly used classes of tetrazines are not controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that mono‐substituted tetrazines show high reactivity due to decreased Pauli repulsion, which leads to a more asynchronous approach associated with reduced distortion energy. This follows the recent Vermeeren–Hamlin–Bickelhaupt model of reactivity increase in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions. In addition, we reveal that ethylene is not a good model compound for other alkenes in Diels–Alder reactions.
Comprehensive Mechanism for CO Electroreduction on Dual‐Atom‐Catalyst‐Anchored N‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Liu Di , Zhao Jia , Kong Youchao , Ai Haoqiang , Bai Haoyun , Leong Chon Chio , Lo Kin Ho , Wang Shuangpeng , Ip Weng Fai , Lin Sen , Pan Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon neutrality has drawn increasing attention for realizing the carbon cyclization and reducing the greenhouse effect. Although the C1 products, such as CO, can be achieved with a high Faraday efficiency, the targeted production of C2 fuels as well as the mechanism have not been systematically investigated. In this work, we carry out a first‐principles study to screen dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) for producing C2 fuels through the electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction reaction (e‐CORR). We find that methanol, ethanol and ethylene can be produced on both DAC−Co and DAC−Cu, while acetate can be achieved on DAC−Cu only. Importantly, methanol and ethylene are preferred on DAC−Co, while acetate and ethylene on DAC−Cu. Furthermore, we show that the explicit solvent can enhance the adsorption and influence the protonation steps, which subsequently affects the protonation and dimerization behavior as well as the performance and selectivity of e‐CORR on DACs. We further demonstrate that the C−C coupling is easy to be formed and stabilized if the Integrated Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (ICOHP) is low because of the low energy barrier. Our findings provide not only guidance on the design of novel catalysts for e‐CORR, but an insightful understanding on the reduction mechanism.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Thiocyanative Cyclization of Biaryl Ynones to Thiocyanated Spiro[5.5]trienones: An External‐Oxidant‐ and Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach
Authors: Samanta Shantanu , Sarkar Debayan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA photoredox‐catalyzed, efficient protocol for the direct insertion of a ‐SCN group onto spiro[5.5]trienoneviaa dearomative cascade cyclization of biaryl ynone with inexpensive NH4SCN has been developed, employing 4CzIPN as a potent photocatalyst under blue‐light irradiation without external oxidant. This scalable 6‐exo‐trig cyclization led to the cascade formation of C−C and C−S bonds and incorporate diverse thiocyanated spiro compounds with excellent yield (up to 92 %). Additionally, mechanistic investigations with fluorescence quenching, cyclic voltammetry, and radical scavenging are presented. Gram‐scale synthesis and further functionalization of thiocyanated compounds highlight the potential utility of this methodology.
Influence of Vacancies in Manganese Hexacyanoferrate Cathode for Organic Na‐Ion Batteries: A Structural Perspective
Authors: Li Min , Gaboardi Mattia , Mullaliu Angelo , Maisuradze Mariam , Xue Xilai , Aquilanti Giuliana , Rikkert Plaisier Jasper , Passerini Stefano , Giorgetti Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractManganese hexacyanoferrates (MnHCF) are promising positive electrode materials for non‐aqueous batteries, including Na‐ion batteries, due to their large specific capacity (>130 mAh g−1), high discharge potential and sustainability. Typically, the electrochemical reaction of MnHCF associates with phase and structural changes, due to the Jahn‐Teller (JT) distortion of Mn sites upon the charge process. To understand the effect of the MnHCF structure on its electrochemical performance, two MnHCF materials with different vacancies content are investigated herein. The electrochemical results show that the sample with lower vacancy content (4 %) exhibits relatively higher capacity retention of 99.1 % and 92.6 % at 2nd and 10th cycles, respectively, with respect to 97.4 % and 79.3 % in sample with higher vacancy content (11 %). Ex‐situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization results show that a weaker cooperative JT‐distortion effect and relatively smaller crystal structure modification occurred for the material with lower vacancies, which explains the better electrochemical performance in cycled electrodes.
A low‐power charge‐based integrate‐and‐fire circuit for binarized‐spiking neural network
Authors: Duong Quang‐Manh , Trinh Quang‐Kien , Nguyen Van‐Tinh , Dao Dinh‐Ha , Luong Duy‐Manh , Hoang Van‐Phuc , Lin Longyang , Deepu John 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a charge‐based integrate‐and‐fire (IF) circuit for in‐memory binary spiking neural networks (BSNNs). The proposed IF circuit can mimic both addition and subtraction operations that permit better incorporation with in‐memory XNOR‐based synapses to implement the BSNN processing core. To evaluate the proposed design, we have developed a framework that incorporates the circuit's imperfections effects into the system‐level simulation. The array circuits use 2T‐2J Spin‐Transfer‐Torque Magnetoresistive RAM (STT‐MRAM) based on a 65‐nm commercial CMOS and a fitted magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The system model has been described in Pytorch to best fit the extracted parameters from circuit levels, including the cover of device nonidealities and process variations. The simulation results show that the proposed design can achieve a performance of 5.10 fJ/synapse and reaches 82.01% classification accuracy for CIFAR‐10 under process variation.
Solid tumours: Building bridges to CAR‐T success
Authors: Maher John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐engineered T‐cells has achieved remarkable impact in the treatment of selected blood cancers. However, meaningful clinical efficacy against nonhaematological malignancies has largely proven elusive. In this minireview, the main challenges to successful CAR‐based intervention against solid tumours are considered. Obstacles are considered in four categories, namely target selection, trafficking of CAR‐engineered cells to tumour deposits, the need to overcome the physical, chemical and biological hurdles to immune effector function that operate within the tumour microenvironment and selection of the best host cells for CAR engineering. A range of pre‐clinical technologies that have been developed in an effort to overcome these issues are also surveyed. Although clinical progress comes dropping slow, rapid and continued advances in cellular engineering and manufacture, coupled with the emergence of several complementary interventions bodes well for the future success of CAR T‐cell immunotherapy of solid tumours.
An optimized small‐cell planning procedure for Heterogeneous Network to improve network energy efficiency
Authors: Jayapaul Anu Disney Dhominic , Merline A. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryCell planning in conventional networks has gained more attention as it directly affects the network performance and deployment cost. Existing cell planning methodologies are framed either with identical base stations or constructing a network without any infrastructure. But heterogeneous networks (HetNets) allow the service provider to deploy small cells over the region to enhance the network performance and signal coverage probability. Thus, a small‐cell planning procedure is presented in this research work considering the low‐powered base station and deployment cost to enhance the energy efficiency of the HetNet. An adaptive fuzzy expert system is used for cell dimensioning, and a nature‐inspired ant colony optimization model is employed for automatic base station placement. Simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed small‐cell planning procedure attains better energy efficiency and user satisfaction ratio compared to conventional planning strategies. In the two cases of simulation analysis, the proposed model attains an average of 85% user satisfaction ratio for case 1 and 87% for case 2, which is better than existing strategies like density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), k‐means, and number‐based spatial clustering (NBSC) algorithms.
Cytological characteristics of histological types of lung cancer by cytomorphometric and flow cytometric analyses using liquid‐based cytology materials
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Fujiwara Masachika , Sakamoto Norihiko , Kanno Hitomi , Arai Nobuaki , Tachibana Keisei , Kishimoto Koji , Anraku Masaki , Shibahara Junji , Kondo Haruhiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing the histological types of lung cancer is essential for determining treatment strategies in clinical practice. In this study, cytomorphological characteristics and proliferative activities were compared among histological types of lung cancer by cytomorphometric and flow cytometric analyses using liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples.MethodsScraped LBC samples from 73 surgically resected specimens were collected between August 2018 and November 2019. Papanicolaou‐stained and paired Ki‐67‐stained slides were used for cytomorphometric analyses. Another sample for each case was analyzed using a flow cytometric system (LC‐1000). The cell proliferation index (CPIx) was calculated to evaluate proliferative activity.ResultsIn total, 73 cases, including cases of adenocarcinoma (n = 53), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14), small cell carcinoma (n = 1), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC; n = 3), and pleomorphic carcinoma (n = 2) were evaluated. Small cell carcinoma and large cell NEC were categorized into a single group, NEC. The adenocarcinoma group tended to have a larger nuclear area and longer perimeter than other histological types. The NEC group had a considerably higher Ki‐67 labeling index and significantly higher CPIx than other histological types (p = .030). A significant positive correlation was observed between the Ki‐67 labeling index and CPIx for all cases (r = 0.362, p = .002).ConclusionThe Ki‐67 labeling index and flow cytometric analyses focus on proliferative activity for the distinction of histological types of lung cancer, thereby guiding clinical decision‐making.
Long‐term supratidal rockpool invertebrate community, Discovery Bay, Jamaica
Authors: Schenk Siobhan , Lavender Thomas Michael , Kolasa Jurek 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rockpool cluster offers unique characteristics making it a model system for general questions in ecology: (1) all rockpools share biotic history (any species can reach any rockpool); (2) they form a strong gradient of conditions from benign to harsh; (3) 1‐day sampling across all rockpools ensures census consistency; (4) rockpools respond to changing conditions within a short (days) time frame; (5) they are easy to manipulate (note: the data are from an unmanipulated rockpool subset), and (6) they may act as a single metacommunity that exhibits consistent species distribution patterns on a broader scale (unpublished). Consequently, the rockpools continue generating insights, with the first publications in 1996. The data represent an intensive rockpool metacommunity monitoring project, making them of considerable value to our understanding of tropical coastal metacommunity dynamics and general ecological processes. The dataset covers surveys of invertebrate fauna in 49, primarily supratidal, rockpools on a fossil coral reef over 25 years. All rockpools occur within a 73 × 47 m array of rocks at a distance of less than 2 m from the nearest neighbor. About 200 other rockpools occur on the same area. They are in a sheltered bay (Discovery Bay, Jamaica) between 0 and 5 m from the ocean. Typically, rockpools are 5–30 cm deep and 40 cm across on average, with elevation from a few centimeters to 300 cm above sea level. Rockpools may drain excess water from precipitation or waves into other rockpools, which allows organisms to disperse passively downstream. Of the 49 rockpools in the survey, 35 are subject to occasional drying up, while the others appear permanent. Most collections (1989–2004) were annual censuses of invertebrate populations, exceeding a total of 475,000 invertebrates counted, with only minor record gaps. In all cases, species level taxonomic information consists of detailed photographs. In some cases, notes are included with the taxonomic data where species identification could not be matched to information available in the literature. Samples from 2005 to 2019 still require organism identification. Abiotic parameters were measured the day before biotic sampling took place as the process of biotic sampling can impact abiotic parameters through stirring, oxygenation and filtering (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, light intensity, salinity, alkalinity, and nutrients). The cumulative richness in the metacommunity consist of 78 freshwater, marine, and brackish water taxa, with a mean richness per rockpool of 5.5 distinct species. Regarding taxonomic makeup, ostracods dominated in both diversity and number, followed by copepods, and insects. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications.
Communication and urban air quality governance in Germany: Discursive framing by selected national environmental NGOs and the Automotive Industry Association (VDA) and its potential impacts
Authors: Cyrus Philipp 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is presented and contrasted through a framing analysis how selected environmental NGOs and the German Automotive Industry Association (VDA) engaged in the national German debate on urban air quality governance during the height of the emission scandal between 2015 and mid‐2019. For this, frames of communication applied to communicate organizational priorities and conceptualizations of air quality governance to the public are discussed and their potential impact on public perception of different approaches to air quality governance assessed. It is shown that the presented frames provide opposing and competing conceptualizations of air quality impacts and related governance propositions, including health, environmental, economic, and regulatory issues. They align with the interests of the communicating actor groups and are supported by selected scientific knowledge. This, it is argued, can be linked to an interest group led capturing of public debate as identified for other politically charged topics, and structurally resembles a public negotiation on urban air quality governance. Such an approach to public discourse, it is argued, can have negative impacts on public engagement and openness to embrace sustainability led governance reforms, as it can reinforce existing attitudes and create opposition to governance change.
Mapping the Polar Lipidome of Macroalgae using LC‐MS‐Based Approaches for Add‐Value Applications
Authors: Lopes Diana , Rey Felisa , Melo Tânia , P. Moreira Ana S. , Marques Francisca , Abreu Maria H. , Domingues Pedro , Domingues Maria Rosário 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMarine macroalgae are emerging as sustainable and healthy food, and a source of lipids with nutritional and bioactive properties. Nonetheless, the lipidome of macroalgae is little explored compared to other photosynthetic organisms. Most of the literature is devoted to the analysis of fatty acid (FA) from macroalgae, because of they are a source of long‐chain omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated FA, which can be used as an alternative to fish oil. However, FA occurs mostly esterified in other lipids, such as polar lipids, that still overlooked. The data published on the study of polar lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, betaine lipids) pinpoint their remarkable characteristics and bioactive properties which mainly remain unexplored. The lipidome of macroalgae seems to be species‐specific, while some lipid classes appear to be characteristic of phyla. Lipidome plasticity of macroalgae is verified to change under abiotic and biotic factors which may modulate the functionality and add‐value of the biomass. This biochemical plasticity represents an advantage to obtain ingredients for target applications and niche of markets. This review provides an overview on macroalgae lipidome characterization, addressing analysis workflow based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and discussing the bioactive properties and biotechnological applications of macroalga lipids.Practical Applications: The current state of the art on marine macroalgae lipidomics is reviewed, including the lipid characterization using modern liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the distribution of polar lipids by macroalgae species and phylum, their bioactive properties, and potential biotechnological applications. In a time of increasing awareness of sustainably produced marine resources, the lipids from macroalgae are still underexplored. This review provides information for smart valorization of macroalgae as source of add‐value lipids contributing to the development of blue bioeconomy.
A spindle cell neoplasm with MYH9::EGFR fusion and co‐expression of S100 and CD34, further expanding the family of kinase fusion positive spindle cell neoplasms
Authors: Caprini Elisabetta , Verkhovskaia Sofia , Casini Beatrice , Testi Adele , Dagrada Gian Paolo , Palese Enzo , Rahimi Siavash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoft tissue neoplasms displaying CD34 and S100 positivity with immunohistochemistry are rare with a wide morphological range and frequent neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) alterations. Recent reports describe fusions in other kinases besides NTRK in these tumors. In the present article, we report a case of a young male suffering from a soft tissue neoplasm in the lumbar region. At microscopic examination, it was a CD34 and S100‐positive soft tissue tumor showing a multilobulated growth pattern composed of cells with pale cytoplasm and abundant normal smooth muscle stroma. The genetic profile showed two alterations affecting EGFR gene represented by a novel MYH9::EGFR fusion transcript and a p.K714N mutation.
Investigating the fouling potential of the metal‐silicate complex on membrane by response surface method (RSM)
Authors: Yang You‐Ren , Chuang Shun‐Hsing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo optimize the filtration efficiency of membrane systems for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater, the fouling potential of silica, aluminum‐silicate complex, and copper‐silicate complex was investigated by the response surface method.RESULTSThe mathematical models for three kinds of fouling were successfully developed based on the SDI0.1μm‐1atm and MFI0.1μm‐1atm to describe the fouling potential. These models indicate that the metal‐silicate complex fouling was severe at a neutral pH. Moreover, the models reveal that the effect of metal ions on fouling potential is significant. Compared with the feed solution conditions of 500 mg SiO2 /L and pH 7.5, when 1 and 5 mg Al3+/L are added, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm values increase by 109% and 156%, respectively. In addition, when 1 and 5 mg Cu2+/L are added, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm values increase by 210% and 313%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe decrease in filtration efficiency was in the order of copper‐silicate complex > aluminum‐silicate complex > silica. Therefore, the fouling potential increased significantly when the influent contained trace metal ions (Al3+ or Cu2+) at a near‐neutral pH, demonstrating the importance of managing pH and metal ions in CMP wastewater for membrane systems. In addition, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm is more suitable than the SDI0.1μm‐1atm for evaluating fouling potential. The SDI0.1μm‐1atm has limited value and a narrow range for fouling potential measurement. In contrast, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm is more sensitive and has a more comprehensive detection range. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Chitosan derived layered porous carbon and its performance on gallium adsorption
Authors: Cui Junshuo , Cong Xiaoshan , Li Xinzhu , Chen Xia , Wang Yuejiao , Gao Jing , Xiong Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDGallium (Ga) is widely used in the preparation of low‐melting alloys and is also mainly used in electronics. However, Ga is a rare‐scattered element that has no independent ore deposits. Fortunately, adsorbents with high specific surface area have shown great potential for the recovery and enrichment of Ga from mineral industry wastes or recycled electronics. Consequently, porous carbons with hierarchical layered structures were prepared as adsorbent for the recovery of Ga. Besides the routine hydrothermal and carbonizing treatments, chitosan (CS) derivatives were further activated by potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride, and ferric trichloride to improve their respective specific surface areas.RESULTSNitrogen adsorption analysis showed that the porous carbon activated by KOH at 800 °C (CS‐800) had the highest specific surface area (2997 m2 g−1). The maximum adsorption capacity for Ga(III) was 129.83 mg g−1, which is better than that of other well‐known carbon based adsorbents. CS‐800 also exhibited good selectivity for Ga(III) among various competitive ions, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Ge(IV), and Al(III). In addition, the adsorbent showed good reusability; the recovery percentage of Ga(III) remained above 90% after six adsorption‐elution experiments.CONCLUSIONKOH is an ideal activating agent to increase the surface area of porous carbon and 800 °C is its optimal temperature. This agent can provide sufficient active surface sites for metal ions adsorption. This work provides a strategy for the regulation of CS derived porous carbon and is expected to play a key role in real applications for the recovery of Ga. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).