bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening in Medical and Non-Medical Females Students of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Jawaria Ghazanfar  , Ayesha Khalil  , Aniqua Tahir  , Muhammad Imran Anwar  , Hina Mahmood  , Ayesha Humayun  
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women all over the world and a leading cause of death in women of Pakistan. Programs promoting awareness about breast cancer, breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography are in place but still BSE is poorly practiced by females of Pakistan.
Aims & Objectives: To assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer screening among female medical and non-medical students of two institutes in Lahore, Pakistan.
Place and duration of study: Study conducted during May-June 2017 in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College and Kinnaird College University in Lahore, Pakistan.
Material & Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted during May-June 2017 on a conveniently selected sample of 200 female students from two colleges in Lahore. A self-constructed and self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast cancer screening. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: Mean age of 21.66+1.50 and 22.58+ 2.138 was observed in medical and non-medical students respectively. In the age group 18-23 we had 85% of medical girls and 61% of non-medical while 39% of non-medical girls were in age group 24-29. Among 100 female medical students, 84% were knowledgeable about BSE as compared to 65% non-medical students. Knowledge was adequate for CBE in 74% and 53%, and for Mammography in 83% and 58% of medical and non-medical students respectively. The attitude was positive towards BSE in 92% and 75%, for CBE 89% and 74%, and for mammography 94% and 83% among medical and non-medical students respectively. The BSE practice was reported by 20% medical girls and only 13% non-medical girls, while CBE practice was in 13% medical and 5% non-medical girls.
Conclusion: Medical students were more knowledgeable and had a better attitude about breast cancer screening as compared to non-medical girls but when it came to practice, it was found to be very low in both groups.
Flax Seed Oil Alleviates Caffeinated Energy Drink Induced Metamorphosis in Femur Weight and Relative Tissue Weight Index of Adult Male Albino Rat
Authors: Afifa Waseem  , Muhammad Suhail  , Tayyaba Muzaffar  , Javed Iqbal  , Hadia Zulfiqar  
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Consumption of caffeinated energy drinks has been increased worldwide specially in younger population in order to increase mental and physical performance. Side effects on various systems of human body have been reported due to their usage. Flax seed oil has been well known since ancient times owing to its beneficial effects and has now become a major part in our functional food.
Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the Protective effects of flax seed oil on caffeinated energy drink induced changes in adult male albino rat femur weight and relative tissue weight index.
Place and duration of study: This study was accomplished in department of Anatomy, at Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore for 8 weeks.
Material & Methods: 32 adult male albino rats average weight (250-300g) were randomly divided into four groups of 8 animals each. Group A (Control) received corn oil 5ml/kg body weight by gavage in addition to basal diet daily for 8 weeks. Group B (Experimental) received caffeinated energy drink (15ml/kg body weight) and corn oil 5ml/kg body weight. Group C (Experimental) received caffeinated energy drink (15ml/kg body weight) and 40% of flax seed oil (5ml/kg body weight), while group D (Experimental) received caffeinated energy drink (15ml/kg body weight) and 60% flax seed oil (5ml/kg body weight) daily for 8 weeks respectively. The animals were weighed before and after experiment. After 8 weeks, they were dissected to remove both femur and each femur was weighed, further the right femurs were used for statistical purpose.
Results: The mean difference in weight of femur was nonsignificant amongst experimental groups (p= 0.950). The relative tissue weight index (RTWI) was significant (p-value 0.001).
Conclusion: Flax seed oil helped in restoring altered femur weight and RTWI changes caused by caffeinated energy drink in adult male albino rats.
Toxic Effects of Ribavirin on the Testicular Interstitium in Albino Rats
Authors: Alvia Batool  , Maryam Fatima  , Fozia Farzana  
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Ribavirin due to its mutagenic property exerts cytotoxic effects on gonads in a transient fashion that have been studied on the testicular tissues of various experimental animals. Ample data is not available regarding its toxicity on testicular interstitium that has led this research.
Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study was the evaluation of the toxicity of ribavirin in different doses on the testicular interstitium at different time points in albino rats.
Place and duration of study: The experiment was performed in Anatomy Department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore and completed in three months.
Material & Methods: 72 adult male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups with 18 rats in every group. 0.75ml distilled water was given to Control (A) group intraperitoneally and Ribavirin was administered by same route in doses: 20mg, 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight, single dose for 5 days to experimental groups B, C and D respectively. Every group was subdivided into 3 small subgroups in accordance with 20th, 40th and 60th sacrificial days from the last dose of drug. On each sacrificial time 6 rats from a group were selected and sacrificed. Data was entered on SPSS 23.0 software and comparison among groups was made by Pearson’s chi square test. P-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Interstitial widening and edema with congested vessels were observed in all study groups on 20th sacrificial day in comparison to control group. Signs of recovery in the form of decrease in widening, edema and congestion were only observed in rats of low dose groups on day 40th and 60th in comparison with high dose groups that didn’t show reversibility of these changes.
Conclusion: A patient who is taking Ribavirin as an antiviral therapy should be counselled about the reversibility of its gonadotoxicity.
A Comparative Study Between-Small Bore and Large Bore Tubes for Therapeutic Pleural Drainage
Authors: Muhammad Ramzan  , Talha Mahmud  , Muhammad Saqib  , Abdul Saeed Khan  , Qazi Abdul Saboor  , Ali Rafique Mirza  
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Pleural effusions due to various pulmonary and extra pulmonary causes are common clinical problems. Some pleural diseases require therapeutic pleurocentesis to decompress the pleural space like in malignant and benign pleural effusions, pyothorax, chylothorax, pneumothorax, complicated parapneumonic effusion and haemothoraces. Traditionally large bore tubes have been used with trocar or through blunt dissection. Nowadays small-bore catheters are gaining popularity, as they are less painful and believed to be equally efficacious as compared to large bore tubes.
Aims & Objectives: To compare the success rate of small bore tubes with standard large bore chest tubes in therapeutic pleural drainage and to compare complications rate between small bore and large bore drains.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at Department of Pulmonology of FPGMI, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, during one year (2015-2016).
Material & Methods: Total 152 patients who required therapeutic evacuation of pleural space suffering from pneumothorax, empyema, parapneumonic and malignant effusion, were enrolled and underwent therapeutic drainage with small bore (< 20 F size) and large bore tubes (> 20 F size), randomized by lottery method.
Results: The mean duration of drain placement for large bore drain was 7.9±3.8 days, which was significantly higher than small bore drains with a mean value of 3.0±1.6 days (p-value <0.001). The pain score was also quite high in large bore group with mean value 5.67±1.68 as compared to small bore 1.07±0.81(p-value<0.001). Similarly the mean bleeding during the procedure was significantly higher in large bore group as compared to small bore with mean values 11.9±7.8 and 0.1±0.2 ml respectively (p-value<0.001). The wound infection which is a significant complication was found only in large bore group with 14.5% cases as compared to none in small bore group (p-value 0.001). In large bore group surgery was required for 9(11.8%) cases while in small group there were 2(2.6%) patients referred for surgical intervention.
Conclusion: Small bore thoracostomy drains are more effective than large bore tubes, for the treatment of pleural disorders requiring therapeutic drainage and they are associated with minimal pain and other complications.
Effect of Atorvastatin Alone and in Combination with Aspirin on Uric Acid Handling of Normal Rats
Authors: Usman Aslam  , Muhammad Ubaidullah Khan  , Sadia Chiragh  , Abdul Karim  , Mushtaq Ahmed  
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Low doses of aspirin and statins are usually given in conjunction to patients with coronary artery disease. Aspirin at low doses is known to cause hyperuricemia in these patients which can further worsen their condition, while statins can theoretically counteract this effect. However, this interaction needs to be tested.
Aims & Objectives: To estimate the effect of atorvastatin and low dose of aspirin alone and in combination on serum uric acid level and urinary uric acid excretion in normal rats.
Place and duration of study: Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore from July, 2018 to August, 2018.
Material & Methods: Twenty-four healthy Sprague Dawley rats were distributed equally into four groups (Normal control, Aspirin, Atorvastatin and Combination groups). They were given distilled water, aspirin (6.75mg/kg), atorvastatin (5mg/kg) or combination of the same doses of aspirin and atorvastatin for 4 weeks. One ml blood and twenty-four-hour urine sample was collected on week 0 and 4 for estimation of uric acid and creatinine concentrations. Fractional excretion of uric acid was calculated.
Results: At the end of four weeks the Aspirin group had higher serum uric acid level and lower fractional excretion of uric acid as compared to the Normal control group. Atorvastatin group had lower serum uric acid and higher urinary uric acid level as compared to Aspirin group while combination had higher serum uric acid level versus Normal control. fractional excretion of uric acid decreased from 0-4 weeks in Aspirin and Combination groups only.
Conclusion: The role of atorvastatin in lowering serum uric acid levels in group receiving atorvastatin alone and in combination group emerged non-significant.
Role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament (NF) expression in the pathophysiology of canine distemper encephalomyelitis
Authors: DİNÇEL Güngör Çağdaş , YAVUZ Orhan , YILDIRIM Serkan 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Canine distemper virus (CDV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the causative agent of canine distemper, a fatal and highly contagious disease that affects dogs and other carnivores. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament (NF) expression in canine distemper encephalomyelitis (CDE) and the severe neuropathology that occurs.
Materials and Methods: GFAP and NF expression levels in the brain tissue of 13 dogs diagnosed with CDE were investigated by immunohistochemical method.
Results: The results of the study revealed that GFAP (P < 0.005) and NF (P < 0.005) expression levels in brain tissue were significantly increased in CDV-infected dogs compared to healthy, uninfected dogs. GFAP expression was mainly observed in endothelial cells and astrocytes, whereas NF expression was mainly found in neurons. In addition, it was found that the expression of both GFAP and NF was more pronounced in the areas with the most severe neuropathological findings.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated pathological astrocyte reactivation and neuronal degeneration at the molecular level. These findings provide information about the stage of the disease. This study clearly demonstrated that detailed information about the prognosis of the disease can be obtained from GFAP and NF expression. Since GFAP/NF levels provide information about the severity of the disease, they can be used clinically. Therefore, further research into the involvement of GFAP and NF expression in the pathophysiology of CDE has great potential to improve our understanding of this complex neurological disorder.
Kegiatan Peningkatan Literasi Di SDN Wonocolo 4 Taman
Authors: Yosephine Angela Christiana 
Published: September 2023

Menurunnya tingkat membaca dapat menjadi buktiIndonesia belum mengembangkan kemampuan pembiasaanmembaca. solusi untuk membangun budaya membaca di sekolah dengan adanya budaya membaca lewat kegiatan yang dapat diimplementasikan sekolah, penulis melakukan kegiatan tersebut pada SDN Wonocolo 4 Taman. Budaya membaca yang kuat di sekolah dapat memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan pada kemampuan membaca dan minat peserta didik terhadap keberlangsungan pengetahuan. Penelitian yang dilakukan penulis ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Adanya kegiatan literasi sekolah yang telah dilaksanakan akan mampu membangkitkan minat baca siswa serta menciptakan lingkungan literasi di sekolah. Ini tentang meningkatkan minat dan dukungan untuk memperbaiki kondisi saat ini. Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah mengubah mentalitas masyarakat khususnya di bidang pendidikan, dan menyediakan fasilitas yang memadai agar semua kalangan dapat mengakses pendidikan.
Penerapan Program Kerja Creat-Tik Guna Meningkatkan Kemampuan Teknologi Siswa SMP PGRI 5 Taman Sidoarjo
Authors: Azizatunnafi’ah Binti , Mufidah Nur Choirunisa Aini 
Published: September 2023

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan kebijakan Kampus Merdeka yakni pada program Kampus Mengajar. Kampus mengajar adalah program dimana mahasiswa dapat melatih soft skill dan hard skill , memberikan ide-ide kreatif tentang metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan minta belajar siswa-siswi yang telah menjadi sekolah sasaran terpilih oleh Dinas Pendidikan setempat. Program kerja unggulan selama penulis melaksanakan penugasan dalam kurung waktu 4 bulan adalah program kerja Creat-TIK. Pogram kerja ini berhubungan dengan mata pelajaran Teknologi, Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK). Latar belakang penulis dan kelompok merancang program kerja ini adalah tidak adanya mata pelajaran TIK di SMP PGRI 5 Taman Sidoarjo, padahal sekolah tersebut memiliki fasilitas yang memadai untuk pelaksanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran TIK. Hambatan yang dirasakan selama pelaksanaan program kerja adalah adanya siswa-siswi yang masih asing dengan laptop atau komputer, sehingga penulis harus memberikan arahan dan metode pembelajaran yang mudah agar mereka dapat menguasai laptop dan komputer. Hasil akhir setelah penulis melaksanakan penugasan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa SMP PGRI 5 Taman dapat menguasai fitur-fitur dan aplikasi yang ada pada laptop dalam jangka waktu kurang lebih 4 bulan.
Trade-Productivity-Institutional Nexus
Authors: Iksan Muhamad 
Published: September 2023

Main task of this survey of literature to discuss satisfactory theoretical explanation over two questions: one is does trade policy cause productivity? Two is does institutional set-up of economic governance cause productivity? By taking Indonesian experiences, this paper tries to seed the light of international trade and productivity, based on the neoclassical and new institutional economic theory. In order to address main task of this survey, it elaborates recent literatures that emphasizes on two strands. First part comes from trade policy which focuses to the strategic importance of firms, as main source of research data and main point of discussion. Besides that, this paper also reviews political institutions play their role in shaping the rule of games, broadly defined as institution and how the interest group influences trade policy, to protect special interest pro-free trade or pro-protectionist measures. Second part sheds light from the productivity literatures that cover the firm level and sector level productivity. Finally, this essay offers conclusions to sum up main argument of the paper.
Gambaran Pengelolaan Obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Sangatta Tahun 2020
Authors: Alfian Rena Handayani , Sundu Reksi , Fatimah Nurul 
Published: September 2023

Pengelolaan obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit sangat penting dilakukan untuk menjamin kualitas obat, Selain untuk menjaga ketersediaan farmasi agar tetap pada kondisi yang baik, penyimpanan pada sediaan farmasi juga penting karena untuk menjaga obat tidak rusak, tidak kadaluarsa, terhindar dari stok mati dan perputaran obat dalam 1 tahun berjalan dengan maksimal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental yang bersifat deskriptif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil observasi menggunakan form check list berdasarkan Permenkes nomor 72 tahun 2016. Data kuantitatif berdasarkan penelusuran indikator penyimpanan obat yaitu kecocokan obat dengan kartu stok, Turn Over Ratio (TOR), persentase nilai obat ED atau rusak. Hasil penelitian di RS X Sangatta terdapat beberapa penyimpanan belum sesuai dengan standar yang sudah ditentukan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, persentase sebesar 33%, metode penyimpanan hasil sebesar 80%, komponen penyimpanan di dapatkan persentase sebesar 100%, pengaturan penyimpanan 100%, pengelolaan obat emergency 100%, dan peralatan penyimpanan sebesar 100%. Hasil evaluasi penyimpanan obat di RS X Sangatta dengan indikator penyimpanan obat menunjukan hasil TOR sebanyak 1,89 kali/periode, persentase obat kadaluarsa atau rusak 5,2%, persentase stok mati 9,03% dan persentase kecocokan obat dengan kartu stok 100%.
Hubungan Karakteristik Sosiodemografi terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek X Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Efriani Like , Kemala dewi Lola , Marfuati Sri 
Published: September 2023

Salah satu proses penilaian kepuasan pelayan kefarmasian dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh karakteristik individu (pasien). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek X kabupaten Cirebon. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada 109 responden dan di analisis dengan uji chi square. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 25. Hasil analisis statistik karakteristik pasien menunjukkan mayoritas usia 17-25 (39%), jenis kelamin mayoritas perempuan (52%), Pendidikan mayoritas SMA/SMK (57%), Pekerjaan mayoritas lain-lain yang terdiri dari buruh dan petani (25%). Hasil analisis observasi tingkat kepuasan pelayanan kefarmasian mayoritas responden menyatakan sangat puas sebanyak 64 responden (59%). Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukan bahwa kepuasan pelayanan dipengaruhi oleh usia pasien (P<0,05), dan penilaian kepuasan pelayanan kefarmasian tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin, Pendidikan dan pekerjaan (P>0,05). Kesimpulan yang bisa diambil ialah terdapat hubungan karakteristik responden terhadap kepuasan pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek X Kabupaten Cirebon.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Sediaan Krim Pelembab Wajah (Moisturizer) dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ginseng Jawa (Talinum paniculatum gaertn)
Authors: Farida Siti Nur , Agustina Ani , Mahdi Nur 
Published: September 2023

Kosmetik beredar luas di masyarakat terdapat banyak bentuk sediaan salah satunya sediaan krim. Sediaan ini digunakan pada kulit antara lain untuk melindungi kulit atau sebagai pelembut kulit. Sediaan krim yang penting dalam pertimbangan suatu sediaan yaitu kestabilan fisiknya, kestabilan fisik misalnya tidak ada penggumpalan, tidak ada kriming, dan tidak ada perubahan warna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil dari formulasi dan evaluasi sifat fisik dalam krim daun ginseng jawa (Talinum paniculatum gaertn). Metode penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental. konsentrasi ekstrak daun ginseng jawa (Talinum paniculatum gaertn) terbagi menjadi 4 konsentrasi F0 (0%), F1 (0,018115), F2 (0,03623) dan F3 (0,054345) yang diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim. Evaluasi sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan viskositas. Hasil pengujian ekstrak daun ginseng jawa menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada uji pH, daya sebar dan viskositas. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi sifat fisik sediaan krim menunjukkan semua formulasi memiliki stabilitas dan karakteristik yang baik.
Penentuan Parameter Nonspesifik Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.)
Authors: Lestari Indah Widya , Saputri Revita , Muthia Rahmi , Susiani Eka Fitri 
Published: September 2023

Kulit batang tandui berpotensi sebagai obat tradisional. Sebagai bahan obat tradisional maka perlu dilakukannya karakterisasi pada kulit batang tandui sebagai langkah awal mengetahui kualitas mutu pada ekstrak sesuai dengan monografi ekstrak yang telah ditetapkan yaitu dengan parameter nonspesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil nilai karakterisasi parameter nonspesifik ekstrak etanol kulit batang tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.). Dalam penelitian ini ekstraksi kulit batang tandui menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% dengan perolehan rendemen sebesar 21,1%. Penetapan parameter nonspesifik meliputi bobot jenis, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar abu tidak larut asam, cemaran logam berat, cemaran kapang khamir dan cemaran mikroba. Ekstrak etanol kulit batang tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.) memiliki hasil nilai karakterisasi parameter nonspesifik berturut turut yaitu, bobot jenis 1,11 gram, kadar air 42,73%, kadar abu 2,28%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,035%, cemaran logam timbal (Pb) < 0,001 mg/kg, cemaran kapang khamir 1,2 × koloni/g dan cemaran mikroba < 1,0 × koloni/g. Dari hasil diatas dapat disimpukan penetapan parameter nonspesifik ekstrak etanol kulit batang tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm.) memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan kecuali pada parameter kadar air yang melebihi persyaratan.
Kualitas Pengetahuan tentang Penggunaan Kosmetik dikalangan Masyarakat Melalui Virtual Referensi
Authors: Rusdiaman Rusdiaman , Hashary A. Rufaidah , Putri Ayu Eka 
Published: September 2023

Kosmetik merupakan produk yang unik karena selain memiliki kemampuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mendasar wanita akan kecantikan. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap kosmetik secara virtual dan untuk mengetahui kualitas pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap kosmetik pemutih secara virtual. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian studi literatur dimana teknik pengumpulan data pustaka dari beberapa jurnal yang ada dengan menggunakan data sekunder kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dan disimpulkan secara texlar tabulasi sehingga mendapatkan kesimpulan literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa masih kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penggunaan kosmetik.