bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Item Nonresponse to Vote-Choice Questions: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Mexico
Authors: Cohen Mollie J , Cassell Kaitlen J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Retrospective vote choice is a critical question asked in political science surveys. Yet, this question suffers from persistently high item nonresponse rates, which can bias estimates and limit scholars’ ability to make sound inferences. In this paper, we develop a sensitive survey technique to decrease nonresponse to the vote-choice question in a representative, face-to-face survey in Mexico City and Mexico State in 2018–2019. Respondents received different iterations of three treatments: an anonymity guarantee, a confidentiality reminder, and audio-assisted interviewing technology. The use of audio technology combined with a credible anonymity guarantee significantly improved item response. Both anonymity and confidentiality assurances improved the accuracy of response, which more closely resembled official results in the treatment conditions. We then evaluate two non-rival mechanisms that might drive our findings: beliefs about response anonymity and re-engagement with the survey. We find that increased perceptions of response anonymity are associated with improved item response.
Do Physical Therapists Practice a Behavioral Medicine Approach? A Comparison of Perceived and Observed Practice Behaviors
Authors: Fritz Johanna , Overmeer Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
A behavioral medicine approach, incorporating a biopsychosocial view and behavior change techniques, is recommended in physical therapy for the management of musculoskeletal pain. However, little is known about physical therapists’ actual practice behavior regarding the behavioral medicine approach. The aim of this study was to examine how physical therapists in primary health care judge their own practice behavior of a behavioral medicine approach in the assessment and treatment of patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain versus how they practice a behavioral medicine approach as observed by independent experts in video recordings of patient consultations.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted. Video recordings of 23 physical therapists’ clinical behavior in 139 patient consultations were observed by independent experts and compared with the physical therapists’ self-reported practice behavior, using a protocol including 24 clinical behaviors. The difference between observed and self-reported clinical behaviors was analyzed with a Chi-square test and a Fisher exact test.

Results
The behavioral medicine approach was, in general, practiced to a small extent and half of the self-reported clinical behaviors were overestimated when compared with the observed behaviors. According to the observations, the physical perspective dominated in assessment and treatment, the functional behavioral analysis was never performed, and the mean number of behavior change techniques used was 0.7.

Conclusion
There was a discrepancy between how physical therapists perceived the extent to which they practiced a behavioral medicine approach in their clinical behavior compared with what the independent researchers observed in the video recordings.

Impact
This study demonstrates the importance of using observations instead of using self-reports when evaluating professionals’ clinical behavior. The results also suggest that—to ensure that physical therapy integrates the biopsychosocial model of health—physical therapists need to increase their focus on psychosocial factors in clinical practice.
Rehabilitation Characteristics and Outcomes for Lung Transplantation for COVID-19: A Case Series
Authors: Clancy Malachy J , Adler Joe , Tevald Michael A , Zaleski Derek , Fluehr Lindsay , Wamsley Carol , Bermudez Christian A , Crespo Maria M , Balar Priya , Oyster Michelle L , Courtwright Andrew M , Diamond Joshua M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in irreversible lung damage, with some individuals requiring lung transplantation. The purpose of this case series is to describe the initial experience with the rehabilitation and functional outcomes of 9 patients receiving a lung transplant for COVID-19.

Methods
Nine individuals, ranging in age from 37 to 68 years, received bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) for COVID-19 between December 2020 and July 2021. Rehabilitation was provided before and after the transplant, including in-hospital rehabilitation, postacute care inpatient rehabilitation, and outpatient rehabilitation.

Results
Progress with mobility was limited in the pretransplant phase despite rehabilitation efforts. Following transplantation, 2 individuals expired before resuming rehabilitation, and 2 others had complications that delayed their progress. The remaining 5 experienced clinically important improvements in mobility and walking capacities.

Conclusion
Considerable rehabilitation resources are required to care for individuals both before and after BOLT for COVID-19. Rehabilitation can have a profound impact on both functional and clinical outcomes for this unique patient population.

Impact
There is limited literature on the rehabilitation efforts and outcomes for patients who received BOLT for COVID-19. Occupational therapists and physical therapists play an important role during the pretransplant and posttransplant recovery process for this novel patient population.

Lay Summary
Patients with a bilateral orthotopic lung transplant due to COVID-19 require a unique rehabilitation process. They have significant difficulties with activities of daily living and functional mobility across the pretransplant and posttransplant continuum of care, but progressive gains in functional performance may be possible with a comprehensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation program.
Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Functioning and Quality of Life in Survivors of COVID-19 (COVIDEX): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gomes Vinicius Afonso , Fontoura Fabiane , Saquetto Micheli Bernardone , Ramos Thaiana , Santos Samara , Coutinho de Araujo William Suzart , Rivas Paulo , Martinez Bruno Prata , Barreto Ana Paula , Coelho Lima Marcelo Chalhoub , Gomes-Neto Mansueto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for feasibility, safety, adherence, and short- and long-term efficacy in improving functioning and health-related quality of life in survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
COVIDEX is a two-pronged, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with an 8-week training intervention. The study participants will be 94 patients aged &gt;18 years, admitted to a specialized post-COVID center. Participants will be randomized to HIIT (4 × 4 minutes of high-intensity work periods at 85% to 90% of peak heart rate) and MICT (47 minutes at 70% to 75% peak heart rate) groups for biweekly sessions for 8 weeks. The participants will undergo 2 phases of supervised training (phases 1 and 2) of 4 weeks each, in a public, specialized, post-COVID center. In phase 1, we will assess and compare the feasibility, acceptability, and short-term efficacy of HIIT and MICT intervention. In phase 2, the long-term efficacy of HIIT and MICT will be assessed and compared regarding function and health-related quality of life. To prevent any expectation bias, all study participants and assessors will be blinded to the study hypotheses. Group allocation will be masked during the analysis. All statistical analyses will be conducted following intention-to-treat principles.

Impact
This study is the first randomized controlled trial that will compare the feasibility, safety, adherence, and efficacy of the HIIT and MICT intervention programs in this population. The findings will potentially provide important information and assist in clinical decision making on exercise to optimize the benefits of clinical health care in survivors of COVID-19.
Association Between Frailty and Free-Living Walking Performance in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zanotto Tobia , Galperin Irina , Mirelman Anat , Chen Lingjun , Regev Keren , Karni Arnon , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Paul Friedemann , Lynch Sharon G , Akinwuntan Abiodun E , Devos Hannes , Hausdorff Jeffrey M , Sosnoff Jacob J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between frailty and the quantity and quality of free-living walking and the mediating effect of frailty on the relationship between disability and walking performance in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
Ninety-nine people with relapsing–remitting MS (mean age = 49.3 [SD = 9.8] years; 73.7% women; Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score range = 2.0–6.0) wore a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Recorded measures reflected the quantity (daily step counts, number of 30-second walking bouts, and signal vector magnitude [SVM]) and quality (gait speed, step cadence, step and stride regularity, and sample entropy) of walking. For each walking quality measure, the typical (median), best (90th percentile), and worst (10th percentile) values were calculated. Frailty was evaluated through a 38-item frailty index.

Results
Participants were classified as not frail (n = 31), moderately frail (n = 34), and severely frail (n = 34) on the basis of established procedures. Patients who were moderately and severely frail exhibited poorer performance in all measures of walking quantity and quality, except for sample entropy, than individuals who were not frail. No differences in free-living walking performance were observed between the moderately and severely frail groups. Frailty did not mediate the relationship between disability (EDSS) and measures of walking quality. Conversely, frailty had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between disability and measures of walking quantity, such as daily step counts (indirect effect: b = −220.42, 95% CI = −452.03 to −19.65) and SVM (indirect effect: b = −1.00, 95% CI = −1.86 to −0.30).

Conclusion
Frailty is associated with poorer free-living walking performance in people with MS. The study findings suggest that frailty, rather than disability, may be primarily responsible for the lower amount of physical activity performed by people with MS in the real world.

Impact
The observation that frailty and disability are differently related to measures of walking quality and quantity underscores the importance of a targeted approach to rehabilitation in people with MS.
RADIATION DOSE REDUCTION AT LOW TUBE VOLTAGE WITH CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY BASED ON THE CONTRAST NOISE RATIO INDEX
Authors: Masuda Takanori , Nakaura Takeshi , Funama Yoshinori , Sato Tomoyasu , Masuda Shouko , Gotanda Rumi , Arao Keiko , Imaizumi Hiromasa , Arao Shinichi , Ono Atsushi , Hiratsuka Junichi , Awai Kazuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To compare the radiation dose and diagnostic ability of the 100-kVp protocol, based on the contrast noise ratio (CNR) index, during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) vessels with those of the 120-kVp protocol. For the 120-kVp scans (150 patients), the targeted image level was set at 25 Hounsfield units (HU) (CNR120 = iodine contrast/25 HU). For the 100-kVp scans (150 patients), the targeted noise level was set at 30 HU to obtain the same CNR as in the 120-kVp scans (i.e. using 1.2-fold higher iodine contrast, CNR100 = 1.2 × iodine contrast/(1.2 × 25 HU) = CNR120). We compared the CNRs, radiation doses, detection of CABG vessels and visualisation scores of the scans acquired at 120 and 100 kVp, respectively. At the same CNR, the 100-kVp protocol may help reduce the radiation dose by ⁓30% compared with the 120-kVp protocol, without degradation of diagnostic ability during CABG.
A SURVEY OF THE RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY ENVIRONMENT IN MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Henderson Stuart , Bhatt Chhavi , Loughran Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A wide variety of modern technologies make use of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic energy (EME) to provide convenient functions and services to users. The rise in the use of RF EME-enabled devices has led to public perception of increasing exposures and concerns about potential health effects. During March and April 2022, the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency conducted an intensive campaign to measure and characterise ambient RF EME levels within the Melbourne metropolitan area. Fifty locations across the city were visited, and a wide variety of signals in the frequency range 100 kHz to 6 GHz were detected and recorded including broadcast radio and television (TV), Wi-Fi and mobile telecommunications services. The highest measured total RF EME level was 2.85 mW/m2, which is equivalent to 0.14% of the relevant limit specified by the Australian Standard (RPS S-1). The results showed that broadcast radio signals were the largest contributor to measured RF EME levels at 30 locations across the suburbs, whereas downlink signals from mobile phone towers were the main contributor at the other 20 sites. Broadcast TV and Wi-Fi were the only other sources found to contribute more than 1% of the total RF EME exposure recorded at any site. All measured RF EME levels were well below the permitted limit for general public exposure given by RPS S-1 and therefore do not present a health hazard.
Developmental trajectories of sensitivity to threat in children and adolescents predict larger medial frontal theta differentiation during response inhibition
Authors: Heffer Taylor , van Noordt Stefon , Willoughby Teena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSensitivity to threat (ST) is thought to be a hallmark of the onset and maintenance of anxiety, which often manifests behaviorally as withdrawal, increased arousal and hypervigilant monitoring of performance. The current study investigated whether longitudinal trajectories of ST were linked to medial frontal (MF) theta power dynamics, a robust marker of performance monitoring. Youth (N = 432, Mage = 11.96 years) completed self-report measures of threat sensitivity annually for 3 years. A latent class growth curve analysis was used to identify distinct profiles of threat sensitivity over time. Participants also completed a GO/NOGO task while electroencephalography was recorded. We identified three threat sensitivity profiles: (i) high (n = 83), (ii) moderate (n = 273) and (iii) low ( n= 76). Participants in the high threat sensitivity class had greater levels of MF theta power differentiation (NOGO-GO) compared to participants in the low threat sensitivity class, indicating that consistently high threat sensitivity is associated with neural indicators of performance monitoring. Of concern, both hypervigilant performance monitoring and threat sensitivity have been associated with anxiety; thus, youth with high threat sensitivity may be at risk for the development of anxiety.
Insular and Striatal Correlates of Uncertain Risky Reward Pursuit in Schizophrenia
Authors: Purcell John R , Brown Joshua W , Tullar Rachel L , Bloomer Bess F , Kim Dae-Jin , Moussa-Tooks Alexandra B , Dolan-Bennett Katherine , Bangert Brianna M , Wisner Krista M , Lundin Nancy B , O’Donnell Brian F , Hetrick William P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Risk-taking in specific contexts can be beneficial, leading to rewarding outcomes. Schizophrenia is associated with disadvantageous decision-making, as subjects pursue uncertain risky rewards less than controls. However, it is unclear whether this behavior is associated with more risk sensitivity or less reward incentivization. Matching on demographics and intelligence quotient (IQ), we determined whether risk-taking was more associated with brain activation in regions affiliated with risk evaluation or reward processing.

Study Design
Subjects (30 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 30 controls) completed a modified, fMRI Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Brain activation was modeled during decisions to pursue risky rewards and parametrically modeled according to risk level.

Study Results
The schizophrenia group exhibited less risky-reward pursuit despite previous adverse outcomes (Average Explosions; F(1,59) = 4.06, P = .048) but the comparable point at which risk-taking was volitionally discontinued (Adjusted Pumps; F(1,59) = 2.65, P = .11). Less activation was found in schizophrenia via whole brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses in the right (F(1,59) = 14.91, P &lt; 0.001) and left (F(1,59) = 16.34, P &lt; 0.001) nucleus accumbens (NAcc) during decisions to pursue rewards relative to riskiness. Risk-taking correlated with IQ in schizophrenia, but not controls. Path analyses of average ROI activation revealed less statistically determined influence of anterior insula upon dorsal anterior cingulate bilaterally (left: χ2 = 12.73, P &lt; .001; right: χ2 = 9.54, P = .002) during risky reward pursuit in schizophrenia.

Conclusions
NAcc activation in schizophrenia varied less according to the relative riskiness of uncertain rewards compared to controls, suggesting aberrations in reward processing. The lack of activation differences in other regions suggests similar risk evaluation. Less insular influence on the anterior cingulate may relate to attenuated salience attribution or inability for risk-related brain region collaboration to sufficiently perceive situational risk.
A Sex-Dependent Association Between Doxycycline Use and Development of Schizophrenia
Authors: de Witte Lot D , Munk Laursen Thomas , Corcoran Cheryl M , Kahn René S , Birnbaum Rebecca , Munk-Olsen Trine , Bergink Veerle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Doxycycline and minocycline are brain-penetrant tetracycline antibiotics, which recently gained interest because of their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. Observational studies have suggested that exposure to these drugs may decrease the risk to develop schizophrenia, but results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between doxycycline use and later onset of schizophrenia.

Design
We used data from 1 647 298 individuals born between 1980 and 2006 available through Danish population registers. 79 078 of those individuals were exposed to doxycycline, defined as redemption of at least 1 prescription. Survival analysis models stratified for sex with time-varying covariates were constructed to assess incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for schizophrenia (ICD-10 code F20.xx), with adjustment for age, calendar year, parental psychiatric status, and educational level.

Results
In the non-stratified analysis, there was no association between doxycycline exposure and schizophrenia risk. However, men who redeemed doxycycline had a significantly lower incidence rate for schizophrenia onset compared to men that did not (IRR 0.70; 95% CI 0.57–0.86). By contrast, women had a significantly higher incidence rate for schizophrenia onset, compared to women that did not redeem doxycycline prescriptions (IRR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08, 1.40). The effects were not found for other tetracycline antibiotics (IRR 1.00; 95% CI 0.91, 1.09).

Conclusions
Doxycycline exposure is associated with a sex-dependent effect on schizophrenia risk. The next steps are replication of the results in independent well-characterized population cohorts, as well as preclinical studies to investigate sex-specific effects of doxycycline on biological mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia.
A Bayesian Network Approach to Social and Nonsocial Cognition in Schizophrenia: Are Some Domains More Fundamental than Others?
Authors: Abplanalp Samuel J , Lee Junghee , Horan William P , Kern Robert S , Penn David L , Green Michael F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Social and nonsocial cognition are defined as distinct yet related constructs. However, the relative independence of individual variables—and whether specific tasks directly depend on performance in other tasks—is still unclear. The current study aimed to answer this question by using a Bayesian network approach to explore directional dependencies among social and nonsocial cognitive domains.

Study Design
The study sample comprised 173 participants with schizophrenia (71.7% male; 28.3% female). Participants completed 5 social cognitive tasks and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. We estimated Bayesian networks using directed acyclic graph structures to examine directional dependencies among the variables.

Study Results
After accounting for negative symptoms and demographic variables, including age and sex, all nonsocial cognitive variables depended on processing speed. More specifically, attention, verbal memory, and reasoning and problem solving solely depended on processing speed, while a causal chain emerged between processing speed and visual memory (processing speed → attention → working memory → visual memory). Social processing variables within social cognition, including emotion in biological motion and empathic accuracy, depended on facial affect identification.

Conclusions
These results suggest that processing speed and facial affect identification are fundamental domains of nonsocial and social cognition, respectively. We outline how these findings could potentially help guide specific interventions that aim to improve social and nonsocial cognition in people with schizophrenia.
Case series: expanding diagnostic markers in postorgasmic illness syndrome
Authors: Rosetti Leah , Kanani Amin , Witherspoon Luke , Flannigan Ryan , Elliott Stacy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPostorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare condition in which individuals develop generalized and flu-like symptoms after ejaculation. Several mechanisms and treatments for this disorder have been proposed but many questions remain.AimsWe sought to present a summary of literature to date and highlight common symptoms, associated features, comorbidities, and laboratory findings in a clinical sample of patients with POIS.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 6 patients with POIS in our clinic and presented compiled results.ResultsWe identified newly described non–flu-like presentations, onset of symptoms with high states of arousal without ejaculation, and presence of psychiatric comorbidity in a majority of patients. We did not identify a postorgasm allergic response with bloodwork available.ConclusionPOIS remains a poorly understood condition that likely comprises a number of different clinical entities. Further research on a larger clinical sample is necessary to better characterize POIS and understand its biological and psychological basis.
Our Friends Keep Us Together: The Stability of Adolescents’ Cross-Race Friendships
Authors: Neray Balint , Copeland Molly , Moody James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Substantive racial integration depends on both access to cross-race friendship opportunities (demographic integration) and the development of stable and rewarding social relations (social integration). Yet, we know little about the relative stability of cross-race friendship nominations over time. Cross-race friendships are also experienced within social contexts, where other individual, dyadic, and contextual factors may simultaneously affect whether such ties persist. Based on longitudinal network data on over 2,000 students in multiple communities, we test whether cross-race friendships are more or less stable than same-race friendships. We find that cross-race friendships at first glance appear less likely to persist than same-race friendships, but cross-race ties become no less stable than same-race ties after accounting for other social factors, including reciprocity and shared friends. This pattern suggests a threshold process where strong, socially recognized ties embedded among peers face less threat to maintaining friendship stability.