bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding Practice, Nutrition, and Growth in Infants with Abdominal Wall Defects and Esophageal Atresia: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Sparre Signe , Zachariassen Gitte , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , Husby Steffen , Holm Kristina Garne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Infants born with abdominal wall defects and esophageal atresia (EA) are at risk of impaired growth. Little is known about the optimal nutritional strategy and its impact on growth for these infants. This study aims to explore nutrition, focusing on breastfeeding, and the presumed impact on infant growth during the first year of life.
Materials and Methods We performed a registry study. The participants comprised infants born with gastroschisis, omphalocele, or EA from 2009 to 2020. Breastfed healthy infants from the Odense Child Cohort served as the control group. Descriptive statistics were applied when presenting data on nutrition. Growth data were converted to weight z-scores at birth and at discharge, and estimated weight z-scores at 6 and 12 months were calculated. Univariate regression analysis was applied.
Results The study included 168 infants in the study group and 403 infants in the control group. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge were as follows: 55.7% (gastroschisis), 58.3% (omphalocele), 50.9% (EA), and 7.7% (long-gap EA). For the study group our data demonstrate no difference in growth at 1 year of age when comparing mother's milk to formula feeding. During the first year of life, infants in the study group showed slower growth compared with the control group. At 12 months of age, all infants had a mean weight z-score above –2.
Conclusion Breastfeeding in infants with abdominal wall defects and EA can be established without compromising growth. Mother's milk can be recommended for infants with abdominal wall defects and EA.
Differential effects of language proficiency and use on L2 lexical prediction
Authors: Fernández-Arroyo Laura , Sagarra Nuria , Fernández Kaylee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Language experience is essential for SLA. Yet, studies comparing the role of L2 proficiency and L2 use on L2 processing are scant, and there are no studies examining how these variables modulate learners’ ability to generalize grammatical associations to new instances. This study investigates whether L2 proficiency and L2 use affect L2 stress-tense suffix associations (a stressed syllable cuing a present suffix, and an unstressed syllable cuing a preterit suffix) using eye-tracking. Spanish monolinguals and English learners of Spanish varying in L2 proficiency and L2 use saw two verbs (e.g., firma-firmó ‘(s)he signs/signed’), heard a sentence containing one of the verbs, and chose the verb they had heard. Both groups looked at target verbs above chance before hearing the suffix, but the monolinguals did so more accurately and earlier than the learners. The learners recognized past verbs faster than present verbs, were faster with higher than lower L2 proficiency, and later with higher than lower L2 use. Finally, higher L2 proficiency yielded earlier morphological activation but higher L2 use produced later morphological activation, indicating that L2 proficiency and L2 use affect L2 word processing differently. We discuss the contribution of these findings to language acquisition and processing models, as well as models of general cognition.
NamiRNA-enhancer network of miR-492 activates the NR2C1-TGF-β/Smad3 pathway to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Shanshan , He Xiaomeng , Di Yang , Li Qiuyue , Li Feng , Ma Yan , Chen Litian , Gao Yushi , Xu Jingjing , Yang Shuai , Xu Li , Corpe Christopher , Ling Yun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing , Yu Wenqiang , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the most fatal malignancies of the digestive system, and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of specific and effective tumor-related biomarkers for the early detection of PaCa. miR-492 has been found to be upregulated in PaCa tumor tissue and may serve as a potential therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms by which miR-492 promotes PaCa tumor growth and progression are unclear. In this study, we first found that miR-492 in enhancer loci activated neighboring genes (NR2C1/NDUFA12/TMCC3) and promoted PaCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. We also observed that miR-492-activating genes significantly enriched the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in PaCa to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumorigenesis and development. Using CRISPR–Cas9 and ChIP assays, we further observed that miR-492 acted as an enhancer trigger, and that antagomiR-492 repressed PaCa tumorigenesis in vivo, decreased the expression levels of serum TGF-β, and suppressed the EMT process by downregulating the expression of NR2C1. Our results demonstrate that miR-492, as an enhancer trigger, facilitates PaCa progression via the NR2C1-TGF-β/Smad3 pathway.
‘Alien Seamen’ or ‘Imperial Family’? Race, Belonging and British Sailors of Colour in the Royal Navy, 1939–47
Authors: Houghton Frances 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In October 1939, the British Government lifted a formal ‘colour bar’ to military service for the duration of hostilities. Yet despite the state’s rhetoric of a multi-racial, multi-ethnic ‘People’s War’, racial discrimination continued to pervade Britain’s wartime armed forces. In particular, the Royal Navy (RN) fiercely resisted opening up naval service to eligible British men of colour. Providing a fresh critical perspective on wartime Admiralty records, this article establishes that the Second World War catalysed a significant shift from a codified de jure structure of racial exclusion in the Navy, to a more informal system that was rooted in a complex and diffuse web of de facto racist recruiting practices. It demonstrates the ways in which, between the temporary removal of the formal ‘colour bar’ to naval service in 1939 and its permanent abolition in 1947, the RN enacted a series of complicated covert mechanisms that were designed to shut out men of colour by stealth as far as possible. The article also scrutinises a number of letters of protest that were written to the Admiralty on behalf of Black West Indian, Maltese and Anglo-Indian individuals who were denied entry to the Service. These letter-writers collectively sought to expose the Navy’s hidden racial discrimination and to challenge, with varying degrees of individual success, the naval institution’s continued practices of racial exclusion. Overall, this article ascertains how complex and contested meanings of ‘race’, national ‘belonging’ and ‘Britishness’ were invested in the Royal Navy during the Second World War.
More Examples May Benefit Dictionary Users
Authors: Ptasznik Bartosz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is no doubt that example sentences enhance a dictionary’s value by providing dictionary users with the typical context of words. But how many examples do dictionary users need in a dictionary, or how many examples in a dictionary lead to confusion? The aim of the paper is twofold. First, an attempt will be made to investigate the usefulness of encoding examples in language production. Second, the aim will be to see whether a multitude of encoding examples exhibiting various types of syntax and collocation patterns confuse or benefit students of English during a translation task. 213 Polish learners of English participated in the study. To achieve the aims of the present study, mixed-effects logistic models were fitted and analyzed for the purpose of statistical analysis. The findings of the current study suggest that the presence of encoding examples in dictionaries is beneficial to learners of English in language production. Also, it can be inferred from the data that exposure to eight examples exhibiting two target syntax/collocation patterns of use is equally helpful to dictionary users as the availability of three examples exhibiting a single target syntax/collocation pattern.
Characterization of Virulence-Associated Traits in Mycoplasma penetrans Strains Acting as Likely Etiological Agents of Idiopathic Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Schwab Nathan R , Young Natalie E , Nzenwata Davidson U , Toh Evelyn , Mikulin Joseph A , Wilson Timothy J , Nelson David E , Balish Mitchell F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mycoplasma penetrans is an emerging pathogen with a reduced genome. This bacterium has only previously been cultured from individuals with chronic immunodeficiencies. Here we report the characteristics of 4 M. penetrans isolates from the urine of immunocompetent males with nongonococcal urethritis, in comparison with strain HF-2 from an immunocompromised patient. Several features exhibited distinct differences between these isolates and HF-2. Unlike HF-2, all 4 were resistant to azithromycin. They exhibited greater sialic acid-dependent binding to erythrocytes, gliding motility speed, and H2O2 production than HF-2. All new isolates produced thinner capsules than HF-2. Invasiveness varied, with some isolates being more invasive than HF-2 and some less invasive. Cytotoxicity to HeLa cells was similar to HF-2, and all strains could clear extracellular traps produced by innate immune cells. We conclude that subtle differences among M. penetrans strains may be critical for this organism to establish an infection in an otherwise healthy individual.
Effect of inclusion of distillers grains with solubles and crude glycerin in beef cattle finishing diets on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid biohydrogenation
Authors: Larson Haley E , Crawford Grant I , Cox Ryan B , DiCostanzo Alfredo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding bio-fuel co-products on ruminal fermentation characteristics and composition of omasal digesta flow. Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (371 ± 5 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Omasal sample collection and triple marker technique was used to quantify fatty acid omasal flow. Treatments were applied as a 2 × 2 factorial where a steam flaked corn (SFC) basal diet (DGS-N CG-N) was replaced with 40% of diet DM as corn distillers grains (DGS; DGS-Y CG-N) or 10% of diet DM as crude glycerin (DGS-N CG-Y) or 40% of diet DM distillers grains and 10% of diet DM as crude glycerin (DGS-Y CG-Y). No effects were observed for the interaction of DGS and glycerin on measured rumen characteristics. Dietary inclusion of glycerin decreased (P = 0.05) ruminal content 4-h post feeding on a DM basis but did not influence DMI (P = 0.64). Feeding DGS had no effect (P = 0.34) on particulate passage to the omasum (kg/d) in spite of greater (P = 0.04) DMI. Feeding DGS reduced flow rate (% of rumen volume/h) (P = 0.05) but did not affect total VFA concentration (P = 0.46) or average ruminal pH (P = 0.72). No differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed in ruminal parameters when feeding glycerin, besides ruminal particulate content (kg) on DM basis (P = 0.05). An interaction of DGS and glycerin affected intake of stearic (P &lt; 0.01), linoleic (P &lt; 0.01), and linolenic acid (P &lt; 0.01). An interaction of DGS and glycerin did not affect individual fatty acid flow with respect to intake for stearic (P = 0.17), linoleic (P = 0.18), or linolenic acid (P = 0.66). Dietary inclusion of glycerin had no impact on g of linolenic (P = 0.16) or linoleic (P = 0.32) acid transformed. A trend was identified for cattle fed diets with glycerin to have increased (P = 0.07) grams of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; C18:2 cis-9, trans-11) per gram of linoleic acid intake, with no impact on the percent of saturated fat (P = 0.44) or unsaturated fat (P = 0.43) in omasal flow. For cattle fed diets with DGS, fewer grams of linoleic (P &lt; 0.01) and linolenic (P &lt; 0.01) were present in digesta flow per gram of intake. Inclusion of DGS in the treatment diets also increased (P &lt; 0.01) stearic acid flow (g) and CLA flow (g) per gram of stearic and linoleic acid intake, respectively. Observed differences in CLA proportion post fermentation may indicate interrupted biohydrogenation when glycerin is fed.
Matching and sorting across regions
Authors: Lacava Chiara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article measures the effects of workers’ mobility across regions characterised by different productivity levels through the lens of a search and matching model with heterogeneous workers and firms estimated using administrative data. In an application to Italy, the model estimates imply that the relocation of workers to the most productive region boosts employment and output at the country level, reduces inequality and widens productivity gaps. There is an interplay between the sorting of workers across regions and across firms, and migration mitigates the frictions caused by worker–firm sorting. The model allows for the evaluation of general equilibrium effects of place-based policies towards the least productive region. Subsidising the creation of high-technology jobs reduces migration substantially while increasing employment and productivity. In contrast, subsidies for hiring unemployed or high-skill migrants imply indirect effects that limit policy effectiveness.
Patient Safety and the Question of Dignitary Harms
Authors: Mitchell Polly , Cribb Alan , Entwistle Vikki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Patient safety is a central aspect of healthcare quality, focusing on preventable, iatrogenic harm. Harm, in this context, is typically assumed to mean physical injury to patients, often caused by technical error. However, some contributions to the patient safety literature have argued that disrespectful behavior towards patients can cause harm, even when it does not lead to physical injury. This paper investigates the nature of such dignitary harms and explores whether they should be included within the scope of patient safety as a field of practice. We argue that dignitary harms in health care are—at least sometimes—preventable, iatrogenic harms. While we caution against including dignitary harms within the scope of patient safety just because they are relevantly similar to other iatrogenic harms, we suggest that thinking about dignitary harms can help to elucidate the value of patient safety, and to illuminate the evolving relationship between safety and quality.
An investigation on ellipsis from network science approach
Authors: Jin Huiyuan , Yang Kecheng , Liu Haitao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ellipsis refers to a linguistic mismatch between sound and meaning. In order to fill the research gap in exploring the cause of ellipsis concerning research methods, the study herein attempts to further this issue with an empirical approach. A complex network approach is used to describe the structural patterns of ellipsis language from a macroscopic perspective and different scales of microscopic granularity. According to previous theoretical foundations on ellipsis, two syntactic network models are established, one is derived from the treebank of spoken conversation in modern Chinese; the other is obtained from the same treebank, but with all its elliptical structures added. Twelve kinds of network measures are used to approach the structural similarities and differences between the two networks. Research results suggested that elliptical structures did not change the network topology extracted from the communication system, nor the relevant importance of the linguistic element for transmitting the information. More specifically, the linguistic elements functioned as good ‘spreaders’, transitivity, connectedness, efficiency, and stability in information transmission of the communication system are not affected by elliptical structures.
Exploring the possibilities of Thomson’s fourth paradigm transformation—The case for a multimodal approach to digital oral history?
Authors: Smyth Hannah K , Nyhan Julianne , Flinn Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article seeks to reorientate ‘digital oral history’ towards a new research paradigm, Multimodal Digital Oral History (MDOH), and in so doing it seeks to build upon Alistair Thomson’s (Thomson, A., 2007, Four paradigm transformations in oral history. Oral History Review, 34(1): 49–70.) characterization of a ‘dizzying digital revolution’ and paradigmatic transformation in oral history (OH). Calling for a recalibration of the current dominance of the textual transcript, and for active engagement with the oral, aural, and sonic affordances of both retro-digitized and born digital OH (DOH) collections, we call for a re-orientation of the digital from passive to generative and self-reflexive in the human–machine study of spoken word recordings. First, we take stock of the field of DOH as it is currently conceived and the ways in which it has or has not answered calls for a return to the orality of the interview by digital means. Secondly, we address the predominant trend of working with transcriptions in digital analysis of spoken word recordings and the tools being used by oral historians. Thirdly, we ask about the emerging possibilities—tools and experimental methodologies—for sonic analysis of spoken word collections within and beyond OH, looking to intersections with digital humanities, sociolinguistics, and sound studies. Lastly, we consider ethical questions and practicalities concomitant with data-driven methods, analyses and technologies like AI for the study of sonic research artefacts, reflections that dovetail with digital hermeneutics and digital tool criticism and point towards a new MDOH departure, a sub-field that has potential to inform the many fields that seek patterns in audio, audio-visual, and post-textual materials, serially and at scale.
Siberian Radioheliograph: sunspot oscillations in 3–6 GHz band
Authors: Sych Robert , Altyntsev Alexander 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first observations of spatially resolved oscillation sources obtained with the Siberian Radioheliograph at 3–6 GHz. We have found significant flux oscillations with periods of about 3, 5, and 13 min emitted from AR12833. The 3-min periodicity dominates at higher frequencies. It was found that the apparent level of oscillations depends on the active region location on the disc, and scales down towards the limbs. The oscillations were studied in detail during 1 h interval on 2021 June 19. We found that sources of 3-min oscillations were located above the umbra and their emission is extraordinary polarized. The 5- and 13-min periods were manifested in emission at lower frequencies, down to 2.8 GHz. Sources with 5-min periodicity were located near the umbra/penumbra boundary and in the pore region. Positions of sources with 13-min oscillations were different at 3.1 and 4.7 GHz. We found consistency between spatial location of the oscillation sources in radio and ultraviolet at 171 and 304 Å. There is significant correlation of signals in two ranges. Time delays between microwave oscillations increase as the frequency decreases, which can be explained by upward propagation of periodic disturbances. The localization of oscillation sources is probably related to magnetic structures with different wave cut-off frequencies at different heights.
The Compassion Club: A New Proposal for Transformation of Tobacco Retail
Authors: Starr Raven , Murray Kim , Chaiton Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
One major assumption in the current tobacco industry is the distribution of tobacco products through a system of commercial for-profit retail. However, other models of distribution that do not rely on this mechanism exist.

Aims and Methods
In this review, we examine the potential of a nonprofit Compassion Club model and discuss how the current existence of independent vape stores might provide the infrastructure to allow the transformation of tobacco distribution.

Results
Compassion Clubs exist internationally with different levels of regulation and legality and have generally been focused on the distribution of illegal drugs or hard-to-access pharmaceuticals. They provide access to drugs for existing users, limit access by novices, limit negative impacts from illicit markets, and provide social support focused on reducing harms associated with drug use.

Conclusions
With decreasing prevalence of tobacco use in many countries and growing interest in a tobacco endgame, a Compassion Club model of distribution could help transition tobacco away from the model of commercial widely available distribution. More work is needed to develop the regulations and policies that might guide a compassion club model.

Implications
Compassion clubs are a model for the distribution of psychoactive substances that are focused on harm reduction and social support rather than profit. There has been little discussion about the possibility that this promising model could be applied to help transform the tobacco industry. Many independent vape stores already demonstrate aspects of the compassion club model that could be used to support a transition.
Differential Gene Expression of fresh tissue and patient-derived explants’ matricellular proteins augment inflammatory breast cancer metastasis: the possible role of IL-6 and MCP-1
Authors: Tarek Alshaimaa , Mohamed Hossam Taha , El-Sharkawy Aya Ali , El-Sayed Shrouk Khalaf , Hirshon Jon Mark , Woodward Wendy A , El-Shinawi Mohamed , Mohamed Mona Mostafa 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Background
Matricellular proteins comprising matrisome and adhesome are responsible for structure integrity and interactions between cells in the tumour microenvironment of breast cancer. Changes in the gene expression of matrisome and adhesome augment metastasis. Since inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by high metastatic behaviour. Herein, we compared the gene expression profile of matrisome and adhesome in non-IBC and IBC in fresh tissue and ex vivo patient-derived explants (PDEs) and we also compared the secretory inflammatory mediators of PDEs in non-IBC and IBC to identify secretory cytokines participate in cross-talk between cells via interactions with matrisome and adhisome.

Methods
Fifty patients (31 non-IBC and 19 IBC) were enrolled in the present study. To test their validation in clinical studies, PDEs were cultured as an ex vivo model. Gene expression and cytokine array were used to identify candidate genes and cytokines contributing to metastasis in the examined fresh tissues and PDEs. Bioinformatics analysis was applied on identified differentially expressed genes using GeneMANIA and Metascape gene annotation and analysis resource to identify pathways involved in IBC metastasis.

Results
Normal and cancer fresh tissues and PDEs of IBC were characterized by overexpression of CDH1 and MMP14 and downregulation of CTNNA1 and TIMP1 compared with non-IBC. The secretome of IBC cancer PDEs is characterized by significantly high expression of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) compared with non-IBC.

Conclusion
Genes expressed by adhisome and matrisome play a significant role in IBC metastasis and should be considered novel target therapy.