bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in XCO2 Characteristics in China as Observed by OCO‐2/3 Satellites: Effects of Land Cover and Local Meteorology
Authors: Zhao Hengheng , Gui Ke , Yao Wenrui , Shang Nanxuan , Zhang Xutao , Zhang Xinglu , Li Lei , Zheng Yu , Wang Zhili , Ren Hong‐Li , Wang Hong , Sun Junying , Li Jian , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonitoring the dynamics of atmospheric CO2 is crucial for enhancing comprehension of the carbon cycle. Using column‐averaged dry‐air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) data collected by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO)‐2 and OCO‐3 satellites during 2020–2021, this study explored seasonal and diurnal variations in XCO2 characteristics in typical land cover biomes in China, and investigated their relationships with meteorological drivers. Results showed that XCO2 products retrieved by OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 have good agreement with Total Carbon Column Observing Network measurements, with average deviations of 0.8 and 1.2 ppm, respectively. The satellite observations revealed XCO2 hotpots located mainly in central and eastern China, and areas of low XCO2 values in western China, with a seasonal curve that was highest (lowest) in spring (summer). The largest seasonal cycle amplitude (∼9 ppm) of XCO2 was observed in forest areas, highlighting its key role in carbon exchange. Additionally, XCO2 was found to have a near‐sinusoidal diurnal pattern, characterized by rapid decrease in the early morning as photosynthesis resumed after sunrise, as indicated by the sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), a peak at around midday, and subsequent decrease as SIF increased after mid‐afternoon. Urban regions had the highest diurnal cycle amplitude (∼6 ppm) among biomes. Statistical analyses revealed seasonal shift and nonlinear variation in the relationships between XCO2 and meteorological variables, suggesting that CO2 uptake is influenced by favorable humidity conditions. These relationships also provide insight into the sensitivity and adaptability of XCO2 to meteorological factors in diverse ecosystems such as savanna and grassland.
Double-edged sword: γδ T cells in mucosal homeostasis and disease
Authors: Kang In , Kim Yumin , Lee Heung Kyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mucosa is a tissue that covers numerous body surfaces, including the respiratory tract, digestive tract, eye, and urogenital tract. Mucosa is in direct contact with pathogens, and γδ T cells perform various roles in the tissue. γδ T cells efficiently defend the mucosa from various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In addition, γδ T cells are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis because they select specific organisms in the microbiota and perform immunoregulatory functions. Furthermore, γδ T cells directly facilitate pregnancy by producing growth factors. However, γδ T cells can also play detrimental roles in mucosal health by amplifying inflammation, thereby worsening allergic responses. Moreover, these cells can act as major players in autoimmune diseases. Despite their robust roles in the mucosa, the application of γδ T cells in clinical practice is lacking because of factors such as gaps between mice and human cells, insufficient knowledge of the target of γδ T cells, and the small population of γδ T cells. However, γδ T cells may be attractive targets for clinical use due to their effector functions and low risk of inducing graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, robust research on γδ T cells is required to understand the crucial features of these cells and apply these knowledges to clinical practices.
Versatile roles of innate lymphoid cells at the mucosal barrier: from homeostasis to pathological inflammation
Authors: Ryu Seungwon , Lim MinYeong , Kim Jinwoo , Kim Hye Young 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate lymphocytes that do not express antigen-specific receptors and largely reside and self-renew in mucosal tissues. ILCs can be categorized into three groups (ILC1–3) based on the transcription factors that direct their functions and the cytokines they produce. Their signature transcription factors and cytokines closely mirror those of their Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell counterparts. Accumulating studies show that ILCs are involved in not only the pathogenesis of mucosal tissue diseases, especially respiratory diseases, and colitis, but also the resolution of such diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances regarding our understanding of the biology of ILCs in mucosal tissue health and disease. In addition, we describe the current research on the immune checkpoints by which other cells regulate ILC activities: for example, checkpoint molecules are potential new targets for therapies that aim to control ILCs in mucosal diseases. In addition, we review approved and clinically- trialed drugs and drugs in clinical trials that can target ILCs and therefore have therapeutic potential in ILC-mediated diseases. Finally, since ILCs also play important roles in mucosal tissue homeostasis, we explore the hitherto sparse research on cell therapy with regulatory ILCs. This review highlights various therapeutic approaches that could be used to treat ILC-mediated mucosal diseases and areas of research that could benefit from further investigation.
Invariant natural killer T cells in lung diseases
Authors: Jeong Dongjin , Woo Yeon Duk , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T cells that are characterized by a restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and a unique ability to recognize glycolipid antigens. These cells are found in all tissues, and evidence to date suggests that they play many immunological roles in both homeostasis and inflammatory conditions. The latter include lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma and infections: the roles of lung-resident iNKT cells in these diseases have been extensively researched. Here, we provide insights into the biology of iNKT cells in health and disease, with a particular focus on the role of pulmonary iNKT cells in airway inflammation and other lung diseases.
Resuscitation, survival and morbidity of extremely preterm infants in California 2011–2019
Authors: Higgins Brennan V. , Baer Rebecca J. , Steurer Martina A. , Karvonen Kayla L. , Oltman Scott P. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Rogers Elizabeth E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
To describe changes over time in resuscitation, survival, and morbidity of extremely preterm infants in California.

Study design
This population-based, retrospective cohort study includes infants born ≤28 weeks. Linked birth certificates and hospital discharge records were used to evaluate active resuscitation, survival, and morbidity across two epochs (2011–2014, 2015–2019).

Results
Of liveborn infants, 0.6% were born ≤28 weeks. Active resuscitation increased from 16.9% of 22-week infants to 98.1% of 25-week infants and increased over time in 22-, 23-, and 25-week infants (p-value ≤ 0.01). Among resuscitated infants, survival to discharge increased from 33.2% at 22 weeks to 96.1% at 28 weeks. Survival without major morbidity improved over time for 28-week infants (p-value < 0.01).

Conclusion
Among infants ≤28 weeks, resuscitation and survival increased with gestational age and morbidity decreased. Over time, active resuscitation of periviable infants and morbidity-free survival of 28-week infants increased. These trends may inform counseling around extremely preterm birth.
Fumarate hydratase (FH) and cancer: a paradigm of oncometabolism
Authors: Valcarcel-Jimenez Lorea , Frezza Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFumarate hydratase (FH) is an enzyme of the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle whose mutations lead to hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. Although more than twenty years have passed since its discovery as the leading cause of the cancer syndrome Hereditary leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma (HLRCC), it is still unclear how the loss of FH causes cancer in a tissue-specific manner and with such aggressive behaviour. It has been shown that FH loss, via the accumulation of FH substrate fumarate, activates a series of oncogenic cascades whose contribution to transformation is still under investigation. In this review, we will summarise these recent findings in an integrated fashion and put forward the case that understanding the biology of FH and how its mutations promote transformation will be vital to establish novel paradigms of oncometabolism.
REPRESENT recommendations: improving inclusion and trust in cancer early detection research
Authors: Brockhoven Frederike , Raphael Maya , Currier Jessica , Jäderholm Christina , Mody Perveez , Shannon Jackilen , Starling Bella , Turner-Uaandja Hannah , Pashayan Nora , Arteaga Ignacia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDetecting cancer early is essential to improving cancer outcomes. Minoritized groups remain underrepresented in early detection cancer research, which means that findings and interventions are not generalisable across the population, thus exacerbating disparities in cancer outcomes. In light of these challenges, this paper sets out twelve recommendations to build relations of trust and include minoritized groups in ED cancer research. The Recommendations were formulated by a range of stakeholders at the 2022 REPRESENT consensus-building workshop and are based on empirical data, including a systematic literature review and two ethnographic case studies in the US and the UK. The recommendations focus on: Long-term relationships that build trust; Sharing available resources; Inclusive and accessible communication; Harnessing community expertise; Unique risks and benefits; Compensation and support; Representative samples; Demographic data; Post-research support; Sharing results; Research training; Diversifying research teams. For each recommendation, the paper outlines the rationale, specifications for how different stakeholders may implement it, and advice for best practices. Instead of isolated recruitment, public involvement and engagement activities, the recommendations here aim to advance mutually beneficial and trusting relationships between researchers and research participants embedded in ED cancer research institutions.
Wild jackdaws can selectively adjust their social associations while preserving valuable long-term relationships
Authors: Kings Michael , Arbon Josh J. , McIvor Guillam E. , Whitaker Martin , Radford Andrew N. , Lerner Jürgen , Thornton Alex 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfluential theories of the evolution of cognition and cooperation posit that tracking information about others allows individuals to adjust their social associations strategically, re-shaping social networks to favour connections between compatible partners. Crucially, to our knowledge, this has yet to be tested experimentally in natural populations, where the need to maintain long-term, fitness-enhancing relationships may limit social plasticity. Using a social-network-manipulation experiment, we show that wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula) learned to favour social associations with compatible group members (individuals that provided greater returns from social foraging interactions), but resultant change in network structure was constrained by the preservation of valuable pre-existing relationships. Our findings provide insights into the cognitive basis of social plasticity and the interplay between individual decision-making and social-network structure.
Multi-scale dynamic imaging reveals that cooperative motility behaviors promote efficient predation in bacteria
Authors: Rombouts Sara , Mas Anna , Le Gall Antoine , Fiche Jean-Bernard , Mignot Tâm , Nollmann Marcelo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany species, such as fish schools or bird flocks, rely on collective motion to forage, prey, or escape predators. Likewise, Myxococcus xanthus forages and moves collectively to prey and feed on other bacterial species. These activities require two distinct motility machines enabling adventurous (A) and social (S) gliding, however when and how these mechanisms are used has remained elusive. Here, we address this long-standing question by applying multiscale semantic cell tracking during predation. We show that: (1) foragers and swarms can comprise A- and S-motile cells, with single cells exchanging frequently between these groups; (2) A-motility is critical to ensure the directional movement of both foragers and swarms; (3) the combined action of A- and S-motile cells within swarms leads to increased predation efficiencies. These results challenge the notion that A- and S-motilities are exclusive to foragers and swarms, and show that these machines act synergistically to enhance predation efficiency.
Bacterial motility can govern the dynamics of antibiotic resistance evolution
Authors: Piskovsky Vit , Oliveira Nuno M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity in antibiotic concentrations is thought to accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance, but current theory and experiments have overlooked the effect of cell motility on bacterial adaptation. Here, we study bacterial evolution in antibiotic landscapes with a quantitative model where bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, death, mutation and migration. Numerical and analytical results show that cell motility can both accelerate and decelerate bacterial adaptation by affecting the degree of genotypic mixing and ecological competition. Moreover, we find that for sufficiently high rates, cell motility can limit bacterial survival, and we derive conditions for all these regimes. Similar patterns are observed in more complex scenarios, namely where bacteria can bias their motion in chemical gradients (chemotaxis) or switch between motility phenotypes either stochastically or in a density-dependent manner. Overall, our work reveals limits to bacterial adaptation in antibiotic landscapes that are set by cell motility.
Exploring non-equilibrium processes and spatio-temporal scaling laws in heated egg yolk using coherent X-rays
Authors: Anthuparambil Nimmi Das , Girelli Anita , Timmermann Sonja , Kowalski Marvin , Akhundzadeh Mohammad Sayed , Retzbach Sebastian , Senft Maximilian D. , Dargasz Michelle , Gutmüller Dennis , Hiremath Anusha , Moron Marc , Öztürk Özgül , Poggemann Hanna-Friederike , Ragulskaya Anastasia , Begam Nafisa , Tosson Amir , Paulus Michael , Westermeier Fabian , Zhang Fajun , Sprung Michael , Schreiber Frank , Gutt Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe soft-grainy microstructure of cooked egg yolk is the result of a series of out-of-equilibrium processes of its protein-lipid contents; however, it is unclear how egg yolk constituents contribute to these processes to create the desired microstructure. By employing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we investigate the functional contribution of egg yolk constituents: proteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and yolk-granules to the development of grainy-gel microstructure and microscopic dynamics during cooking. We find that the viscosity of the heated egg yolk is solely determined by the degree of protein gelation, whereas the grainy-gel microstructure is controlled by the extent of LDL aggregation. Overall, protein denaturation-aggregation-gelation and LDL-aggregation follows Arrhenius-type time-temperature superposition (TTS), indicating an identical mechanism with a temperature-dependent reaction rate. However, above 75 °C TTS breaks down and temperature-independent gelation dynamics is observed, demonstrating that the temperature can no longer accelerate certain non-equilibrium processes above a threshold value.
Contribution of common and rare variants to Asian neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes
Authors: Fan Qiao , Li Hengtong , Wang Xiaomeng , Tham Yih-Chung , Teo Kelvin Yi Chong , Yasuda Masayuki , Lim Weng Khong , Kwan Yuet Ping , Teo Jing Xian , Chen Ching-Jou , Chen Li Jia , Ahn Jeeyun , Davila Sonia , Miyake Masahiro , Tan Patrick , Park Kyu Hyung , Pang Chi Pui , Khor Chiea Chuan , Wong Tien Yin , Yanagi Yasuo , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), along with its clinical subtype known as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), are among the leading causes of vision loss in elderly Asians. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 3,128 nAMD (1,555 PCV and 1,573 typical nAMD), and 5,493 controls of East Asian ancestry, we identify twelve loci, of which four are novel ($$P \, < \, 1.19\times {10}^{-8}$$
P

<

1.19
×

10

−
8

). Substantial genetic sharing between PCV and typical nAMD is noted (rg = 0.666), whereas collagen extracellular matrix and fibrosis-related pathways are more pronounced for PCV. Whole-exome sequencing in 259 PCV patients revealed functional rare variants burden in collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene (COL1A1; $$P=1.05\times {10}^{-6}$$
P
=
1.05
×

10

−
6

) and potential enrichment of functional rare mutations at AMD-associated loci. At the GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) locus, the most significant GWAS novel loci, the expressions of genes including laminin subunit alpha 5 (Lama5), mitochondrial ribosome associated GTPase 2 (Mtg2), and collagen type IX alpha 3 chain (Col9A3), are significantly induced during retinal angiogenesis and subretinal fibrosis in murine models. Furthermore, retinoic acid increased the expression of LAMA5 and MTG2 in vitro. Taken together, our data provide insights into the genetic basis of AMD pathogenesis in the Asian population.
A magneto-activated nanoscale cytometry platform for molecular profiling of small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Chen Kangfu , Duong Bill T. V. , Ahmed Sharif U. , Dhavarasa Piriththiv , Wang Zongjie , Labib Mahmoud , Flynn Connor , Xu Jingya , Zhang Yi Y. , Wang Hansen , Yang Xiaolong , Das Jagotamoy , Zargartalebi Hossein , Ma Yuan , Kelley Shana O. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) has recently received significant attention as a biomarker predicting immunotherapeutic responses involving the PD1/PD-L1 pathway. However, current technologies for exosomal analysis rely primarily on bulk measurements that do not consider the heterogeneity found within exosomal subpopulations. Here, we present a nanoscale cytometry platform NanoEPIC, enabling phenotypic sorting and exoPD-L1 profiling from blood plasma. We highlight the efficacy of NanoEPIC in monitoring anti-PD-1 immunotherapy through the interrogation of exoPD-L1. NanoEPIC generates signature exoPD-L1 patterns in responders and non-responders. In mice treated with PD1-targeted immunotherapy, exoPD-L1 is correlated with tumor growth, PD-L1 burden in tumors, and the immune suppression of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with different PD-L1 expression levels display distinctive inhibitory effects on CD8 + T cells. NanoEPIC offers robust, high-throughput profiling of exosomal markers, enabling sEV subpopulation analysis. This platform holds the potential for enhanced cancer screening, personalized treatment, and therapeutic response monitoring.
Single-molecule imaging reveals distinct elongation and frameshifting dynamics between frames of expanded RNA repeats in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD
Authors: Latallo Malgorzata J. , Wang Shaopeng , Dong Daoyuan , Nelson Blake , Livingston Nathan M. , Wu Rong , Zhao Ning , Stasevich Timothy J. , Bassik Michael C. , Sun Shuying , Wu Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractC9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion is the most common genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). One pathogenic mechanism is the accumulation of toxic dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins like poly-GA, GP and GR, produced by the noncanonical translation of the expanded RNA repeats. However, how different DPRs are synthesized remains elusive. Here, we use single-molecule imaging techniques to directly measure the translation dynamics of different DPRs. Besides initiation, translation elongation rates vary drastically between different frames, with GP slower than GA and GR the slowest. We directly visualize frameshift events using a two-color single-molecule translation assay. The repeat expansion enhances frameshifting, but the overall frequency is low. There is a higher chance of GR-to-GA shift than in the reversed direction. Finally, the ribosome-associated protein quality control (RQC) factors ZNF598 and Pelota modulate the translation dynamics, and the repeat RNA sequence is important for invoking the RQC pathway. This study reveals that multiple translation steps modulate the final DPR production. Understanding repeat RNA translation is critically important to decipher the DPR-mediated pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD.
Exploring the levodopa-paradox of freezing of gait in dopaminergic medication-naïve Parkinson’s disease populations
Authors: Jansen Jamie A. F. , Capato Tamine T. C. , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Barbosa Egberto R. , Donders Rogier , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Nonnekes Jorik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe relationship between dopaminergic treatment and freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is complex: levodopa is the most effective symptomatic treatment for FOG, but long-term pulsatile levodopa treatment has also been linked to an increase in the occurrence of FOG. This concept, however, continues to be debated. Here, we compared the occurrence of FOG between a levodopa-naive PD cohort and a levodopa-treated cohort. Forty-nine treatment-naive patients and 150 levodopa-treated patients were included. The time since first motor symptoms was at least 5 years. Disease severity was assessed using the MDS-UPDRS part III. Occurrence of FOG was assessed subjectively (new freezing-of-gait-questionnaire) and objectively (rapid turns test and Timed Up-and-Go test). The presence of FOG was compared between the levodopa-treated and levodopa-naive groups using a chi-square test of homogeneity. We also performed a binomial Firth logistic regression with disease duration, disease severity, country of inclusion, location of measurement, and executive function as covariates. Subjective FOG was more common in the levodopa-treated cohort (n = 41, 27%) compared to the levodopa-naive cohort (n = 2, 4%, p < 0.001). The association between FOG and levodopa treatment remained after adjustment for covariates (OR = 6.04, 95%Cl [1.60, 33.44], p = 0.006). Objectively verified FOG was more common in the levodopa-treated cohort (n = 21, 14%) compared to the levodopa-naive cohort (n = 1, 2%, p = 0.02). We found an association between long-term pulsatile levodopa treatment and an increased occurrence of FOG. Future studies should further explore the role of nonphysiological stimulation of dopamine receptors in generating FOG, as a basis for possible prevention studies.