bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpolar Pc1 Wave Ducting: Swarm, DMSP, and Ground Observations
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Park Jaeheung , Connor Hyunju Kim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlfvén mode Pc1 waves undergo mode conversion to the fast mode due to induced Hall current in the ionosphere. The fast mode Pc1 waves are trapped and propagate across the magnetic field through the ionospheric waveguide. This process is called Pc1 wave ducting (PWD). Ducting is expected to be in any direction, but most of the existing literature investigated only PWDs toward the equator. In this paper, we report the rare observations of PWD propagating from sub‐auroral latitudes and pervading the polar cap using Swarm satellites, ground magnetometers, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. We first identify the injection region of Pc1 wave where localized broadband transverse waves, isolated aurora, and energetic proton precipitations are concurrently observed. Then, we compare ducting characteristics in the ionosphere between the two hemispheres. For the three events investigated here, PWDs in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) pervaded the polar cap while Pc1 waves in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) did not. This hemispheric asymmetry is attributed to the plasma density in the SH sufficient to form the Pc1 waveguide. However, a sharp plasma density gradient on the propagation path still interrupts the ducting even in higher plasma density () regions. The observation of two intersecting Swarm satellites indicates the PWD is not only elongated meridionally, but also can have a significant zonal extent beyond that of the injection region.
Ediacaran‐Ordovician Magmatism and REE Mineralization in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA: Implications for Failed Continental Rifting
Authors: Magnin Benjamin P. , Kuiper Yvette D. , Anderson Eric D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStructures associated with Ediacaran‐Ordovician alkaline magmatism and the timing of rare earth element (REE) mineralization in the Wet Mountains, CO, were analyzed using field, geophysical, and U‐Th‐Pb isotope methods to interpret their tectonic setting in the context of previously proposed rift models. The Wet Mountains are known for thorium and REE mineralization associated with failed rift‐related, Ediacaran‐Ordovician alkaline intrusions and veins. Structural field data indicate that alkaline dikes and mineralized veins are controlled by a system of northwest‐striking, high‐angle faults and tension fractures formed in a 040°‐directed extensional regime. Magnetic and surface expressions of Democrat Creek and McClure Mountain complexes show tectonic elongation toward ∼045°, consistent with NE‐directed extension. Magnetic data also suggest the existence of a fourth, previously unrecognized mafic‐ultramafic complex of inferred Cambrian age with a similar elongated orientation. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS)208Pb/232Th analysis of low‐uranium zircon from carbonatite dikes and in situ206Pb/238U LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of monazite in mineralized dikes yielded 465 ± 18 Ma and 489 ± 33 Ma ages, respectively. These ages are consistent with the expected age based on slightly older, cross‐cut syenite dikes and the hypothesized Ordovician end to failed rift‐related magmatism. The Ediacaran‐Ordovician age of alkaline magmatic rocks and the associated northeast‐directed extension direction are similar to those of the along‐strike, Ediacaran‐Cambrian Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen. Therefore, the failed rift system in the Wet Mountains is interpreted to be a northwestern continuation of the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen with carbonatite magmatism and thorium/REE mineralization representing late intrusive phases.
Tespa1 facilitates hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell maintenance by restricting c-Myc degradation
Authors: Lu Yukai , Yang Lijing , Shen Mingqiang , Zhang Zihao , Wang Song , Chen Fang , Chen Naicheng , Xu Yang , Zeng Hao , Chen Mo , Chen Shilei , Wang Fengchao , Hu Mengjia , Wang Junping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have robust self-renewal potential, which is responsible for sustaining normal and malignant hematopoiesis, respectively. Although considerable efforts have been made to explore the regulation of HSC and LSC maintenance, the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. Here, we observe that the expression of thymocyte-expressed, positive selection-associated 1 (Tespa1) is markedly increased in HSCs after stresses exposure. Of note, deletion of Tespa1 results in short-term expansion but long-term exhaustion of HSCs in mice under stress conditions due to impaired quiescence. Mechanistically, Tespa1 can interact with CSN subunit 6 (CSN6), a subunit of COP9 signalosome, to prevent ubiquitination-mediated degradation of c-Myc protein in HSCs. As a consequence, forcing c-Myc expression improves the functional defect of Tespa1-null HSCs. On the other hand, Tespa1 is identified to be highly enriched in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and is essential for AML cell growth. Furthermore, using MLL-AF9-induced AML model, we find that Tespa1 deficiency suppresses leukemogenesis and LSC maintenance. In summary, our findings reveal the important role of Tespa1 in promoting HSC and LSC maintenance and therefore provide new insights on the feasibility of hematopoietic regeneration and AML treatment.
A knowledge-inherited learning for intelligent metasurface design and assembly
Authors: Jia Yuetian , Qian Chao , Fan Zhixiang , Cai Tong , Li Er-Ping , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in deep learning have ushered in an essential tool for optics and photonics, recurring in various applications of material design, system optimization, and automation control. Deep learning-enabled on-demand metasurface design has been the subject of extensive expansion, as it can alleviate the time-consuming, low-efficiency, and experience-orientated shortcomings in conventional numerical simulations and physics-based methods. However, collecting samples and training neural networks are fundamentally confined to predefined individual metamaterials and tend to fail for large problem sizes. Inspired by object-oriented C++ programming, we propose a knowledge-inherited paradigm for multi-object and shape-unbound metasurface inverse design. Each inherited neural network carries knowledge from the “parent” metasurface and then is freely assembled to construct the “offspring” metasurface; such a process is as simple as building a container-type house. We benchmark the paradigm by the free design of aperiodic and periodic metasurfaces, with accuracies that reach 86.7%. Furthermore, we present an intelligent origami metasurface to facilitate compatible and lightweight satellite communication facilities. Our work opens up a new avenue for automatic metasurface design and leverages the assemblability to broaden the adaptability of intelligent metadevices.
Droplet microreactor for high-throughput fluorescence-based measurements of single catalyst particle acidity
Authors: Vollenbroek Jeroen C. , Nieuwelink Anne-Eva , Bomer Johan G. , Tiggelaar Roald M. , van den Berg Albert , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Odijk Mathieu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe particles of heterogeneous catalysts differ greatly in size, morphology, and most importantly, in activity. Studying these catalyst particles in batch typically results in ensemble averages, without any information at the level of individual catalyst particles. To date, the study of individual catalyst particles has been rewarding but is still rather slow and often cumbersome1. Furthermore, these valuable in-depth studies at the single particle level lack statistical relevance. Here, we report the development of a droplet microreactor for high-throughput fluorescence-based measurements of the acidities of individual particles in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) equilibrium catalysts (ECAT). This method combines systematic screening of single catalyst particles with statistical relevance. An oligomerization reaction of 4-methoxystyrene, catalyzed by the Brønsted acid sites inside the zeolite domains of the ECAT particles, was performed on-chip at 95 °C. The fluorescence signal generated by the reaction products inside the ECAT particles was detected near the outlet of the microreactor. The high-throughput acidity screening platform was capable of detecting ~1000 catalyst particles at a rate of 1 catalyst particle every 2.4 s. The number of detected catalyst particles was representative of the overall catalyst particle population with a confidence level of 95%. The measured fluorescence intensities showed a clear acidity distribution among the catalyst particles, with the majority (96.1%) showing acidity levels belonging to old, deactivated catalyst particles and a minority (3.9%) exhibiting high acidity levels. The latter are potentially of high interest, as they reveal interesting new physicochemical properties indicating why the particles were still highly acidic and reactive.
Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of piezoelectrically actuated crystalline quartz-based MEMS resonators
Authors: Linden John , Melech Neta , Sakaev Igor , Fogel Ofer , Krylov Slava , Nuttman David , Zalevsky Zeev , Sirota Marina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel technology for the precise fabrication of quartz resonators for MEMS applications is introduced. This approach is based on the laser-induced chemical etching of quartz. The main processing steps include femtosecond UV laser treatment of a Cr-Au-coated Z-cut alpha quartz wafer, followed by wet etching. The laser-patterned Cr-Au coating serves as an etch mask and is used to form electrodes for piezoelectric actuation. This fabrication approach does not alter the quartz’s crystalline structure or its piezo-electric properties. The formation of defects, which is common in laser micromachined quartz, is prevented by optimized process parameters and by controlling the temporal behavior of the laser-matter interactions. The process does not involve any lithography and allows for high geometric design flexibility. Several configurations of piezoelectrically actuated beam-type resonators were fabricated using relatively mild wet etching conditions, and their functionality was experimentally demonstrated. The devices are distinguished from prior efforts by the reduced surface roughness and improved wall profiles of the fabricated quartz structures.
ACT001 inhibited CD133 transcription by targeting and inducing Olig2 ubiquitination degradation
Authors: Deng Huiting , Liu Hailin , Yang Guoyue , Wang Dandan , Luo Ying , Li Chenglong , Qi Zhenchang , Liu Zhili , Wang Peng , Jia Yanfang , Gao Yingtang , Ding Yahui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the most lethal malignancies with high aggressive and poor prognosis. Until now, the five-year survival rate has not been improved which brings serious challenge to human health. Lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) serve as the root of cancer occurrence, progression, recurrence, and drug resistance. Therefore, effective anti-cancer agents and molecular mechanisms which could specifically eliminate LCSCs are urgently needed for drug design. In this article, we discovered Olig2 was overexpressed in clinical lung cancer tissues and acted as a transcription factor to regulate cancer stemness by regulating CD133 gene transcription. The results suggested Olig2 could be a promising target in anti-LCSCs therapy and new drugs targeted Olig2 may exhibit excellent clinical results. Furthermore, we verified ACT001, a guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone in phase II clinical trial with excellent glioma remission, inhibited cancer stemness by directly binding to Olig2 protein, inducing Olig2 ubiquitination degradation and inhibiting CD133 gene transcription. All these results suggested that Olig2 could be an excellent druggable target in anti-LCSCs therapy and lay a foundation for the further application of ACT001 in the treatment of lung cancer in clinical.
Self assembling nanoparticle enzyme clusters provide access to substrate channeling in multienzymatic cascades
Authors: Breger Joyce C. , Vranish James N. , Oh Eunkeu , Stewart Michael H. , Susumu Kimihiro , Lasarte-Aragonés Guillermo , Ellis Gregory A. , Walper Scott A. , Díaz Sebastián A. , Hooe Shelby L. , Klein William P. , Thakur Meghna , Ancona Mario G. , Medintz Igor L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccess to efficient enzymatic channeling is desired for improving all manner of designer biocatalysis. We demonstrate that enzymes constituting a multistep cascade can self-assemble with nanoparticle scaffolds into nanoclusters that access substrate channeling and improve catalytic flux by orders of magnitude. Utilizing saccharification and glycolytic enzymes with quantum dots (QDs) as a model system, nanoclustered-cascades incorporating from 4 to 10 enzymatic steps are prototyped. Along with confirming channeling using classical experiments, its efficiency is enhanced several fold more by optimizing enzymatic stoichiometry with numerical simulations, switching from spherical QDs to 2-D planar nanoplatelets, and by ordering the enzyme assembly. Detailed analyses characterize assembly formation and clarify structure-function properties. For extended cascades with unfavorable kinetics, channeled activity is maintained by splitting at a critical step, purifying end-product from the upstream sub-cascade, and feeding it as a concentrated substrate to the downstream sub-cascade. Generalized applicability is verified by extending to assemblies incorporating other hard and soft nanoparticles. Such self-assembled biocatalytic nanoclusters offer many benefits towards enabling minimalist cell-free synthetic biology.
Tackling antibiotic resistance by inducing transient and robust collateral sensitivity
Authors: Hernando-Amado Sara , Laborda Pablo , Martínez José Luis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCollateral sensitivity (CS) is an evolutionary trade-off traditionally linked to the mutational acquisition of antibiotic resistance (AR). However, AR can be temporally induced, and the possibility that this causes transient, non-inherited CS, has not been addressed. Mutational acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance leads to robust CS to tobramycin in pre-existing antibiotic-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, the strength of this phenotype is higher when nfxB mutants, over-producing the efflux pump MexCD-OprJ, are selected. Here, we induce transient nfxB-mediated ciprofloxacin resistance by using the antiseptic dequalinium chloride. Notably, non-inherited induction of AR renders transient tobramycin CS in the analyzed antibiotic-resistant mutants and clinical isolates, including tobramycin-resistant isolates. Further, by combining tobramycin with dequalinium chloride we drive these strains to extinction. Our results support that transient CS could allow the design of new evolutionary strategies to tackle antibiotic-resistant infections, avoiding the acquisition of AR mutations on which inherited CS depends.
Atomic-thick metastable phase RhMo nanosheets for hydrogen oxidation catalysis
Authors: Zhang Juntao , Liu Xiaozhi , Ji Yujin , Liu Xuerui , Su Dong , Zhuang Zhongbin , Chang Yu-Chung , Pao Chih-Wen , Shao Qi , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetastable phase two-dimensional catalysts provide great flexibility for modifying their chemical, physical, and electronic properties. However, the synthesis of ultrathin metastable phase two-dimensional metallic nanomaterials is highly challenging, mainly due to the anisotropic nature of metallic materials and their thermodynamically unstable ground-state. Here, we report free-standing RhMo nanosheets with atomic thickness and a unique core/shell (metastable phase/stable phase) structure. The polymorphic interface between the core region and shell region stabilizes and activates metastable phase catalysts; the RhMo Nanosheets/C shows excellent hydrogen oxidation activity and stability. Specifically, the mass activities of RhMo Nanosheets/C is 6.96 A mgRh−1; this is 21.09 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.33 A mgPt−1). Density functional theory calculations suggest that the interface aids in the dissociation of H2and the H species can then spillover to weak H binding sites for desorption, providing excellent hydrogen oxidation activity for RhMo nanosheets. This work advances the highly controlled synthesis of two-dimensional metastable phase noble metals and provides great directions for the design of high-performance catalysts for fuel cells and beyond.
Future Indian Ocean warming patterns
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Ha Kyung-Ja , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Rodgers Keith B. , Timmermann Axel , Chung Eui-Seok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost future projections conducted with coupled general circulation models simulate a non-uniform Indian Ocean warming, with warming hotspots occurring in the Arabian Sea (AS) and the southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO). But little is known about the underlying physical drivers. Here, we are using a suite of large ensemble simulations of the Community Earth System Model 2 to elucidate the causes of non-uniform Indian Ocean warming. Strong negative air-sea interactions in the Eastern Indian Ocean are responsible for a future weakening of the zonal sea surface temperature gradient, resulting in a slowdown of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation and the generation of southeasterly wind anomalies over the AS. These contribute to anomalous northward ocean heat transport, reduced evaporative cooling, a weakening in upper ocean vertical mixing and an enhanced AS future warming. In contrast, the projected warming in the SEIO is related to a reduction of low-cloud cover and an associated increase in shortwave radiation. Therefore, the regional character of air-sea interactions plays a key role in promoting future large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation anomalies with implications for society and ecosystems far outside the Indian Ocean realm.
Defective BVES-mediated feedback control of cAMP in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Li Haiwen , Wang Peipei , Zhang Chen , Zuo Yuanbojiao , Zhou Yuan , Han Renzhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiological processes incorporate feedback mechanisms to enable positive and/or negative regulation. cAMP is an important second messenger involved in many aspects of muscle biology. However, the feedback mechanisms for the cAMP signaling control in skeletal muscle are largely unknown. Here we show that blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) is a negative regulator of adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY9)-mediated cAMP signaling involved in maintaining muscle mass and function. BVES deletion in mice reduces muscle mass and impairs muscle performance, whereas virally delivered BVES expressed in Bves-deficient skeletal muscle reverses these defects. BVES interacts with and negatively regulates ADCY9’s activity. Disruption of BVES-mediated control of cAMP signaling leads to an increased protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade, thereby promoting FoxO-mediated ubiquitin proteasome degradation and autophagy initiation. Our study reveals that BVES functions as a negative feedback regulator of ADCY9-cAMP signaling in skeletal muscle, playing an important role in maintaining muscle homeostasis.
Cytosine base editors induce off-target mutations and adverse phenotypic effects in transgenic mice
Authors: Yan Nana , Feng Hu , Sun Yongsen , Xin Ying , Zhang Haihang , Lu Hongjiang , Zheng Jitan , He Chenfei , Zuo Zhenrui , Yuan Tanglong , Li Nana , Xie Long , Wei Wu , Sun Yidi , Zuo Erwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBase editors have been reported to induce off-target mutations in cultured cells, mouse embryos and rice, but their long-term effects in vivo remain unknown. Here, we develop a Systematic evaluation Approach For gene Editing tools by Transgenic mIce (SAFETI), and evaluate the off-target effects of BE3, high fidelity version of CBE (YE1-BE3-FNLS) and ABE (ABE7.10F148A) in ~400 transgenic mice over 15 months. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals BE3 expression generated de novo mutations in the offspring of transgenic mice. RNA-seq analysis reveals both BE3 and YE1-BE3-FNLS induce transcriptome-wide SNVs, and the numbers of RNA SNVs are positively correlated with CBE expression levels across various tissues. By contrast, ABE7.10F148A shows no detectable off-target DNA or RNA SNVs. Notably, we observe abnormal phenotypes including obesity and developmental delay in mice with permanent genomic BE3 overexpression during long-time monitoring, elucidating a potentially overlooked aspect of side effects of BE3 in vivo.
Interface-engineered ferroelectricity of epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films
Authors: Shi Shu , Xi Haolong , Cao Tengfei , Lin Weinan , Liu Zhongran , Niu Jiangzhen , Lan Da , Zhou Chenghang , Cao Jing , Su Hanxin , Zhao Tieyang , Yang Ping , Zhu Yao , Yan Xiaobing , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Tian He , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFerroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted intense attention due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. However, the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is thermodynamically metastable. Various efforts have been made to stabilize the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of hafnia-based films such as controlling the growth kinetics and mechanical confinement. Here, we demonstrate a key interface engineering strategy to stabilize and enhance the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2thin film by deliberately controlling the termination of the bottom La0.67Sr0.33MnO3layer. We find that the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2films on the MnO2-terminated La0.67Sr0.33MnO3have more ferroelectric orthorhombic phase than those on the LaSrO-terminated La0.67Sr0.33MnO3, while with no wake-up effect. Even though the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2thickness is as thin as 1.5 nm, the clear ferroelectric orthorhombic (111) orientation is observed on the MnO2termination. Our transmission electron microscopy characterization and theoretical modelling reveal that reconstruction at the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3interface and hole doping of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2layer resulting from the MnO2interface termination are responsible for the stabilization of the metastable ferroelectric phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2. We anticipate that these results will inspire further studies of interface-engineered hafnia-based systems.
Human behavior and performance in deep space exploration: next challenges and research gaps
Authors: Pagnini Francesco , Manzey Dietrich , Rosnet Elisabeth , Ferravante Denise , White Olivier , Smith Nathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs space exploration missions move from low orbit to distant destinations, including the Moon and Mars, new psychological, behavioral, and team challenges will arise. This manuscript represents an up-to-date white paper developed by European experts invited by the European Space Agency (ESA), mapping unfilled research gaps related to the psychology of space exploration, considering the incoming human missions, and accounting for the available scientific knowledge. ESA created the expert team and facilitated its work, but the team was completely independent in terms of contents. The white paper considers basic issues of adaptation, pre-, during-, and post-mission experiences, and possible countermeasures to be developed and tested. The resulting integrative map provides a guide for researchers that are interested in conducting research in the support of future space exploration endeavors.