bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Translatable Dual‐arm Local Delivery Strategy To Achieve Widespread Therapeutic Coverage in Healthy and Tumor‐bearing Brain Tissues
Authors: Negron Karina , Kwak Gijung , Wang Heng , Li Haolin , Huang Yi‐Ting , Chen Shun‐Wen , Tyler Betty , Eberhart Charles G. , Hanes Justin , Suk Jung Soo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrug delivery nanoparticles (NPs) based entirely on materials generally recognized as safe that provide widespread parenchymal distribution following intracranial administration via convection‐enhanced delivery (CED) are introduced. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs are coated with various poloxamers, including F68, F98, or F127, via physical adsorption to render particle surfaces non‐adhesive, thereby resisting interactions with brain extracellular matrix. F127‐coated PLGA (F127/PLGA) NPs provide markedly greater distribution in healthy rat brains compared to uncoated NPs and widespread coverage in orthotopically‐established brain tumors. Distribution analysis of variously‐sized F127/PLGA NPs determines the average rat brain tissue porosity to be between 135 and 170 nm while revealing unprecedented brain coverage of larger F127/PLGA NPs with an aid of hydraulic pressure provided by CED. Importantly, F127/PLGA NPs can be lyophilized for long‐term storage without compromising their ability to penetrate the brain tissue. Further, 65‐ and 200‐nm F127/PLGA NPs lyophilized‐reconstituted and administered in a moderately hyperosmolar infusate solution show further enhance particle dissemination in the brain via osmotically‐driven enlargement of the brain tissue porosity. Combination of F127/PLGA NPs and osmotic tissue modulation provides a means with a clear regulatory path to maximize the brain distribution of large NPs that enable greater drug loading and prolong drug release.
An Atomistic View of Platinum Cluster Growth on Pristine and Defective Graphene Supports
Authors: Bord Julia , Kirchhoff Björn , Baldofski Matthias , Jung Christoph , Jacob Timo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) is used to systematically investigate the electronic structure of platinum clusters grown on different graphene substrates. Platinum clusters with 1 to 10 atoms and graphene vacancy defect supports with 0 to 5 missing C atoms are investigated. Calculations show that Pt clusters bind more strongly as the vacancy size increases. For a given defect size, increasing the cluster size leads to more endothermic energy of formation, suggesting a templating effect that limits cluster growth. The opposite trend is observed for defect‐free graphene where the formation energy becomes more exothermic with increasing cluster size. Calculations show that oxidation of the defect weakens binding of the Pt cluster, hence it is suggested that oxygen‐free graphene supports are critical for successful attachment of Pt to carbon‐based substrates. However, once the combined material is formed, oxygen adsorption is more favorable on the cluster than on the support, indicating resistance to oxidative support degradation. Finally, while highly‐symmetric defects are found to encourage formation of symmetric Pt clusters, calculations also reveal that cluster stability in this size range mostly depends on the number of and ratio between PtC, PtPt, and PtO bonds; the actual cluster geometry seems secondary.
Atomically Dispersed Electron Traps in Cu Doped BiOBr Boosting CO2 Reduction to Methanol by Pure H2O
Authors: Wang Ke , Cheng Ming , Xia Fanjie , Cao Ning , Zhang Fanxing , Ni Wenkang , Yue Xuanyu , Yan Keping , He Yi , Shi Yao , Dai Wenxin , Xie Pengfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOverall photocatalytic conversion of CO2 and pure H2O driven by solar irradiation into methanol provides a sustainable approach for extraterrestrial synthesis. However, few photocatalysts exhibit efficient production of CH3OH. Here, BiOBr nanosheets supporting atomic Cu catalysts for CO2 reduction are reported. The investigation of charge dynamics demonstrates a strong built‐in electric field established by isolated Cu sites as electron traps to facilitate charge transfer and stabilize charge carriers. As result, the catalysts exhibit a substantially high catalytic performance with methanol productivity of 627.66 µmol gcatal−1 h−1 and selectivity of ≈90% with an apparent quantum efficiency of 12.23%. Mechanism studies reveal that the high selectivity of methanol can be ascribed to energy‐favorable hydrogenation of *CO intermediate giving rise to *CHO. The unfavorable adsorption on Cu1@BiOBr prevents methanol from being oxidized by photogenerated holes. This work highlights the great potential of single‐atom photocatalysts in chemical transformation and energy storage reactions.
Clinical audit in obstetric ultrasound—Implementation of an obstetric audit in the National Health Service—A case example
Authors: Holloway Sally Elizabeth , Smith Shauna Leanne , Chudleigh Trish 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClinical audit ensures healthcare is delivered in a standardised and evidence based manner. Detection of fetal anomalies is important to ensure expectant parents have opportunity to make informed decisions about their pregnancy. Audit of detection rates of fetal anomalies can highlight practice, which does not meet national standards, pinpointing gaps in staff education and training to improve this. This paper describes the implementation of a first time obstetric audit of fetal anomaly detection rates within an imaging department positioned in the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom.
Organic Pea Starches – I. Comprehensive Investigation of Morphological and Molecular Properties
Authors: Terstegen Tim , Grebenteuch Sandra , Rohn Sascha , Müller Karl‐Josef , Flöter Eckhard , Ulbrich Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe comparatively high amylose (AM) content in native pea starch leads to a good functionality in food and non‐food products. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that pea starch tends to cause manufacturing problems more often than other starches. It has been suggested that this is due to substantial variation of the starch qualities originating from different pea starch varieties. Therefore, additional research which explores morphological, physicochemical, molecular, and techno‐/functional properties of starches from multiple pea varieties is necessary. Here, a large variety of pea starches are analyzed. The structure and size of the starch granules is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle sizing (LPS), and image analysis of optical microscopy (IAOM). The morphological appearance and size do not differ significantly between the pea cultivars. The AM content is determined with two methods, both based on iodine interaction with the AM helix. The method suggested here (SEC‐prep) results in systematically higher AM content. This is due to better solubilization of the starch. Nevertheless, only small differences between the pea cultivars are observed. No differences in morphological appearance, particle size, and only minor differences in AM content, significant variations in the molar mass distribution of the total starch fraction (MwST) and of the AM fraction (MwAM) are found.
An Exploration of Multiple Component Peptide Assemblies by Enzyme‐Instructed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Shy Adrianna N. , Xu Jiashu , Jin Kim Beom , Xu Bing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on the motifs (RNISY (M) and DEEVELILGDT (D)) in the protein crystal structures of Merlin and CRL4DCAF−1, we phosphorylated the tyrosine residue in M and conjugated M to a self‐assembling motif to produce a phosphopeptide (1P) and examined enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly (EISA) of 1P with and without the presence of D (4). Our results show that EISA of 1P forms a hydrogel at exceedingly low volume fraction (∼0.03 %) even with the presence of the hydrophilic peptide, 4. Unlike 1P, 2P (a diastereomer of 1P) or 3P (the enantiomer of 1P) forms a hydrogel via EISA when their concentration is four or three times that of 1P, respectively. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra show that increasing the concentration of the phosphopeptides lowers the CD signals of the mixtures, and the magnitudes of the CD signals depends on the interaction between M and D. This work provides insight for understanding multi‐component hydrogels formed by self‐assembly, which involves both specific intermolecular interaction and enzymatic reactions.
Phylogeny based generic reclassification of Muscari sensu lato (Asparagaceae) using plastid and genomic DNA
Authors: Böhnert Tim , Neumann Michael , Quandt Dietmar , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe grape hyacinth (Muscari) represents an important ornamental plant group in Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae, comprising some 80 species distributed mainly in the Mediterranean. However, genus delimitation has repeatedly shifted over the past two centuries and a general consensus has not been reached so far. The present study investigates the phylogeny of Muscari s.l. (i.e., including the disputed segregates Pseudomuscari and Leopoldia) with a broad sampling of about half the currently recognized species using both chloroplast markers (trnK(matK)‐psbA, trnL‐trnF, rpl16) and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data generated by double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD). We perform concatenated maximum likelihood inference for both datasets as well as a coalescent‐based approach and principal component analysis (PCA) on the ddRAD data. We find that the morphological characters traditionally used to distinguish different genera are not diagnostic for the clades here retrieved. Also, the segregates Pseudomuscari and Leopoldia are deeply nested in Muscari and we therefore propose a broadly defined Muscari with five subgenera. The subgenera roughly correspond to previously recognized entities, with the exception of the newly identified clade here proposed as M. subg. Pulchella subg. nov. We provide a provisional assignment of the 80 currently accepted taxa to these subgenera.
Exploring Bases of Achievement in Content and Language Integrated Assessment in a Bilingual Education Program
Authors: Morton Tom , Nashaat‐Sobhy Nashwa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study explores the bases of achievement invoked by teachers when assessing students' work in the context of a bilingual education program where academic subjects are taught through English as a foreign language. During a professional development seminar, teachers judged samples of students' writing in response to tasks that elicited the three cognitive discourse functions (CDFs) of define, evaluate, and explore. The teachers' discourse was analyzed using specialization, a dimension of Legitimation Code Theory‐LCT (Maton, Knowledge and Knowers. Towards a realist sociology of education, 2014), a sociological framework for analyzing knowledge practices. Specialization codes provide insight into epistemic relations (knowledge) and social relations (knowers) in educational practices. The results show that within epistemic relations, there was a balance between content and language as bases of achievement. Content quality was emphasized over quantity, language form was emphasized over function, and teachers gave different weights to language depending on the quality of the content. Social relations were also invoked, though less often than epistemic relations. The results suggest that teachers' positioning of students in terms of epistemic and social relations in their assessment practices may have consequences for the equitable treatment of learners in bilingual programs.
Multimodal Techniques to Study Tumor Growth, Basement Membrane Breaching, and Invasion in 3D Matrices
Authors: Smits Daan , Khalil Antoine A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer-derived organoids and three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) are taking center stage as in vitro models to study neoplastic cell behavior, since they recapitulate the heterogeneous cellular composition of tumors and their extracellular environment. In combination with imaging and molecular/biochemical techniques, 3D organoid models have contributed substantially to our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the growth of tumors and invasion into the surrounding tissue. We here outline a set of protocols that describe culturing of cancer-derived organoids in 3D matrices and various strategies that allow modeling of tumor growth, tumor cell penetration into basement membranes, and invasion into Collagen I-rich ECM. Furthermore, we specify protocols for subsequent handling of organoids cultured in 3D ECM for confocal microscopy and analysis of gene expression at the protein and mRNA level. Although we here use breast cancer-derived organoids, these protocols can be directly applied or adapted for organoids derived from other cancer types or healthy tissues. Thus, in addition to investigating cell behavior of multiple cancer types, the combination of protocols described here may be used to study processes such as cell differentiation and migration during homeostasis and normal development.
Dynamic generation or removal of a scalar hair
Authors: Liu Yunqi , Zhang Cheng-Yong , Qian Wei-Liang , Lin Kai , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study dynamic processes through which the scalar hair of black holes is generated or detached in a theory with a scalar field non-minimally coupled to Gauss-Bonnet and Ricci scalar invariants. We concentrate on the nonlinear temporal evolution of a far-from-equilibrium gravitational system. In our simulations, we choose the initial spacetime to be either a bald Schwarzschild or a scalarized spherically symmetric black hole. Succeeding continuous accretion of the scalar field onto the original black hole, the final fate of the system displays intriguing features, which depend on the initial configurations, strengths of the perturbation, and specific metric parameters. In addition to the scalarization process through which the bald black hole addresses scalar hair, we observe the dynamical descalarization, which removes scalar hair from an original hairy hole after continuous scalar field accretion. We examine the temporal evolution of the scalar field, the metrics, and the Misner-Sharp mass of the spacetime and exhibit rich phase structures through nonlinear dynamical processes.
New supersymmetric string theories from discrete theta angles
Authors: Montero Miguel , De Freitas Héctor Parra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We describe three previously unnoticed components of the moduli space of minimally supersymmetric string theories in d ≥ 7, describing in some detail their spectrum and duality properties. We find a new component in nine and eight dimensions, and two additional ones in seven dimensions. These theories were originally discovered in a bottom-up classification of possible F/M-theory singularity freezing patterns in the K3 lattice, described in a companion paper. The 9d/8d component can be understood as F/M-theory on a twisted fibration of the Klein bottle over a circle, while the new seven-dimensional components are described as IIB on Bieberbach manifolds with a duality bundle and RR-NSNS backgrounds turned on. All the new components can be obtained from previously known theories by turning on certain discrete theta angles; however, the spectrum of massive objects is very different, and most strikingly, they feature an incomplete lattice of BPS strings, showing that string BPS completeness is not true in general even with sixteen supercharges. In all cases we find non-BPS representatives for each value of the charge, so the Completeness Principle is satisfied. We also analyze analogous theta angles in nonsupersymmetric string theories, and provide a detailed explanation of why the Type I discrete θ angle proposed in 1304.1551 is unphysical, using this to clarify certain non-perturbative phenomena in O8 planes.
An early-phase design process to enable long-term flexibility in assembly systems
Authors: Svensson Harari Natalia , Fundin Anders 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAssembly systems require to be designed considering flexibility from a holistic perspective to produce the variety of current and future product generations. Reactive ad hoc changes after realizing both the product and assembly system designs require considerable effort and may even be impossible. A systematic collaborative approach that concurrently considers the early phases of product and assembly system development appears to be essential for working with long-term changes. To this end, a greater understanding of the working procedures and design activities concerning flexibility is required. In this paper, this is investigated based on a theoretical framework and a multiple case study at a world-leading manufacturer of heavy-duty vehicles. As a result, a developed early phase design process to enable long-term flexibility in assembly systems is presented. The theoretical implications provided and the findings are also relevant to those involved in the design process of flexible assembly systems.
Monitoring of ultra- and diafiltration processes by Kalman-filtered Raman measurements
Authors: Rolinger Laura , Hubbuch Jürgen , Rüdt Matthias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonitoring the protein concentration and buffer composition during the Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration (UF/DF) step enables the further automation of biopharmaceutical production and supports Real-time Release Testing (RTRT). Previously, in-line Ultraviolet (UV) and Infrared (IR) measurements have been used to successfully monitor the protein concentration over a large range. The progress of the diafiltration step has been monitored with density measurements and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). Raman spectroscopy is capable of measuring both the protein and excipient concentration while being more robust and suitable for production measurements in comparison to Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). Regardless of the spectroscopic sensor used, the low concentration of excipients poses a challenge for the sensors. By combining sensor measurements with a semi-mechanistic model through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the sensitivity to determine the progress of the diafiltration can be improved. In this study, Raman measurements are combined with an EKF for three case studies. The advantages of Kalman-filtered Raman measurements for excipient monitoring are shown in comparison to density measurements. Furthermore, Raman measurements showed a higher measurement speed in comparison to Variable Pathlength (VP) UV measurement at the trade-off of a slightly worse prediction accuracy for the protein concentration. However, the Raman-based protein concentration measurements relied mostly on an increase in the background signal during the process and not on proteinaceous features, which could pose a challenge due to the potential influence of batch variability on the background signal. Overall, the combination of Raman spectroscopy and EKF is a promising tool for monitoring the UF/DF step and enables process automation by using adaptive process control.
Automated quantification of PET/CT skeletal tumor burden in prostate cancer using artificial intelligence: The PET index
Authors: Lindgren Belal Sarah , Larsson Måns , Holm Jorun , Buch-Olsen Karen Middelbo , Sörensen Jens , Bjartell Anders , Edenbrandt Lars , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Consistent assessment of bone metastases is crucial for patient management and clinical trials in prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to develop a fully automated convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model for calculating PET/CT skeletal tumor burden in patients with PCa.

Methods
A total of 168 patients from three centers were divided into training, validation, and test groups. Manual annotations of skeletal lesions in [18F]fluoride PET/CT scans were used to train a CNN. The AI model was evaluated in 26 patients and compared to segmentations by physicians and to a SUV 15 threshold. PET index representing the percentage of skeletal volume taken up by lesions was estimated.

Results
There was no case in which all readers agreed on prevalence of lesions that the AI model failed to detect. PET index by the AI model correlated moderately strong to physician PET index (mean r = 0.69). Threshold PET index correlated fairly with physician PET index (mean r = 0.49). The sensitivity for lesion detection was 65–76% for AI, 68–91% for physicians, and 44–51% for threshold depending on which physician was considered reference.

Conclusion
It was possible to develop an AI-based model for automated assessment of PET/CT skeletal tumor burden. The model’s performance was superior to using a threshold and provides fully automated calculation of whole-body skeletal tumor burden. It could be further developed to apply to different radiotracers. Objective scan evaluation is a first step toward developing a PET/CT imaging biomarker for PCa skeletal metastases.
Antipsychotic drug-induced neutropenia: results from the AMSP drug surveillance program between 1993 and 2016
Authors: Glocker Catherine , Grohmann R. , Burkhardt G. , Seifert J. , Bleich S. , Held T. , Toto S. , Stübner S. , Schüle C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeutropenia and agranulocytosis (N&A) are relatively rare, but potentially fatal adverse drug reactions (ADR). This study presents cases of N&A related to one or more antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in psychiatric inpatients. Data on APD utilization and reports of N&A caused by APDs were analyzed by using data from an observational pharmacovigilance program in German-speaking countries—Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie (AMSP)—from 1993 to 2016. 333,175 psychiatric inpatients were treated with APDs for schizophrenia and other indications during the observation period. A total of 124 cases of APD-induced N&A were documented, 48 of which fulfilled the criteria for agranulocytosis, corresponding to a rate of 0.37, respectively, 0.14 in 1000 inpatients treated with APDs. Neutropenia was more often detected in women, whereas there was no difference regarding sex in cases of agranulocytosis. Clozapine had the highest relative risk for inducing N&A and was imputed alone as a probable cause of N&A in 60 cases (1.57‰ of all patients exposed). Perazine showed the second highest relative risk with 8 cases and an incidence 0.52‰, followed by quetiapine (15 cases resp. 0.23‰ of all patients exposed) and olanzapine (7 cases; 0.13‰ of all patients exposed). N&A most often occurred during the first 3 months of treatment. Overall N&A are severe and potentially fatal complications that can occur during treatment with APDs. The results from this study largely agree with the currently available literature, highlighting the positive effects of alertness and established appropriate monitoring.