bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple KPFM-based approach for electrostatic- free topographic measurements: the case of MoS2 on SiO2
Authors: Arrighi Aloïs , Ullberg Nathan , Derycke Vincent , Grévin Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A simple implementation of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is reported that enables recording topographic images in the absence of any component of the electrostatic force (including the static term). Our approach is based on a close loop z-spectroscopy operated in data cube mode. Curves of the tip-sample distance as a function of time are recorded onto a 2D grid. A dedicated circuit holds the KPFM compensation bias and subsequently cut off the modulation voltage during well-defined time-windows within the spectroscopic acquisition. Topographic images are recalculated from the matrix of spectroscopic curves. This approach is applied to the case of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) monolayers grown by chemical vapour deposition on silicon oxide substrates. In addition, we check to what extent a proper stacking height estimation can also be performed by recording series of images for decreasing values of the bias modulation amplitude. The outputs of both approaches are shown to be fully consistent. The results exemplify how in the operating conditions of non-contact AFM under ultra-high vacuum (nc-AFM), the stacking height values can dramatically be overestimated due to variations in the tip-surface capacitive gradient, even though the KPFM controller nullifies the potential difference. We show that the number of atomic layers of a TMD can be safely assessed, only if the KPFM measurement is performed with a modulated bias amplitude reduced at its strict minimum or, even better, without any modulated bias. Last, the spectroscopic data reveal that certain kind of defects can have a counterintuitive impact on the electrostatic landscape, resulting in an apparent decrease of the measured stacking height by conventional nc-AFM/KPFM compared to other sample areas. Hence, electrostatic free z-imaging proves to be a promising tool to assess the existence of defects in atomically thin TMD layers grown on oxides.
The effect of AlB2 addition on MgB2 superconducting bulks
Authors: Da Silva L B S , Serquis A , Hellstrom E E , Rodrigues Jr D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Optimization of intrinsic and extrinsic properties of MgB2 superconducting material is extremely important for practical application in cables, wires, and tapes. The main mechanisms used to obtain this optimization are through the synthesis process, improvement in the grain connectivity, densification, pinning, doping, and limiting MgO formation. Many groups around the world use elements such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Al, Mn, Si and others, as dopants. Defects or any other inhomogeneity in the superconducting matrix can improve the flux pinning behavior and, hence, the transport properties. In this work MgB2 superconducting bulks with additions of AlB2 powder were prepared and analyzed in an attempt to enhance the critical current density of MgB2 and to understand the effect of this addition on the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the material. Crystallographic, microstructural, optical, and superconducting characterization were performed and analyzed. AlB2 additions modified the superconducting properties of MgB2 increasing its critical current density and irreversibility field compared to pure MgB2 prepared using the same procedures.
Time-dependent SOLPS-ITER simulations of the tokamak plasma boundary for model predictive control using SINDy
*
Authors: Lore J.D. , De Pascuale S. , Laiu P. , Russo B. , Park J.-S. , Park J.M. , Brunton S.L. , Kutz J.N. , Kaptanoglu A.A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Time-dependent SOLPS-ITER simulations have been used to identify reduced models with the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) method and develop model-predictive control of the boundary plasma state using main ion gas puff actuation. A series of gas actuation sequences are input into SOLPS-ITER to produce a dynamic response in upstream and divertor plasma quantities. The SINDy method is applied to identify reduced linear and nonlinear models for the electron density at the outboard midplane

n

e
,
s
e
p

O
M
P

and the electron temperature at the outer divertor

T

e
,
s
e
p

d
i
v

. Note that

T

e
,
s
e
p

d
i
v

is not necessarily the peak value of T

e
along the divertor. The identified reduced models are interpretable by construction (i.e. not black box), and have the form of coupled ordinary differential equations. Despite significant noise in

T

e
,
s
e
p

d
i
v

, the reduced models can be used to predict the response over a range of actuation levels to a maximum deviation of 0.5% in

n

e
,
s
e
p

O
M
P

and 5%–10% in

T

e
,
s
e
p

d
i
v

for the cases considered. Model retraining using time history data triggered by a preset error threshold is also demonstrated. A model predictive control strategy for nonlinear models is developed and used to perform feedback control of a SOLPS-ITER simulation to produce a setpoint trajectory in

n

e
,
s
e
p

O
M
P

using the integrated plasma simulator framework. The developed techniques are general and can be applied to time-dependent data from other boundary simulations or experimental data. Ongoing work is extending the approach to model identification and control for divertor detachment, which will present transient nonlinear behavior from impurity seeding, including realistic latency and synthetic diagnostic signals derived from the full SOLPS-ITER output.
Electrospinning and antimicrobial properties of PAN-Cu2O/ZnO nanofibers from green peel extracts
Authors: Okpara Enyioma C , Akinola Stephen A , Fayemi Omolola E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study described the antimicrobial activities of waste biomass-mediated Cu2O/ZnO bi-oxide (BiO) nanocomposites; The Orange peels extract (OPE), and lemon peels extract (LPE), were used to synthesize the bioxide nanoparticles (NPs) designated as OPE/BiONPs, and LPE/BiONPs respectively, and characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential (ZP); The average crystalline sizes computed were 11.57 nm and 13.36 nm for OPE/BiONPs and LPE/BiONPs respectively; The zeta potentials values were −36.8 mV, and −35.5 mV for OPE/BiONPs, and LPE/BiONPs respectively; Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer and the BiONPs blends were electrospun into nanofibers to get unblended PAN nanofiber (NF), OPE/BiO NF, and LPE/BiO NF; Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis was used to determine the morphology of the electrospun nanocomposites; The NF, the OPE/BiO NF, and LPE/BiO NF possessed average diameters of 833 ± 125, 282.86 ± 29, and 558.76 ± 81 nm respectively; The nanofibers were examined for their antimicrobial activities against five (5) pathogens of public health significance comprising Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae) bacteria, using the standard dilution microplate-method; The synthesized nanomaterials showed various levels of inhibitory activities against the target pathogens. The LPE/BiO NPs exhibited 98% inhibition to the growth of Enterococcus faecalis at a concentration of 810 μg ml−1, while OPE/BiO NPs showed 71% inhibition to the Escherichia coli at a concentration of 243 μg ml−1. The LPE/BiONF had 72% inhibition of S. enteritidis at MIC of 2.7 mg ml−1. The antimicrobial activities of CPE/BiONPs, LPE/BiONF and their NFCs could have a comparative advantage against commercial antibiotics and hence could be used in the control of waterborne pathogens.
Comparison of methods to determine electrocatalysts’ surface area in gas diffusion electrode setups: a case study on Pt/C and PtRu/C
Authors: Röttcher Nico C , Ku Yu-Ping , Minichova Maria , Ehelebe Konrad , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) half-cell setups have attracted increasing attention, bridging the gap between fundamental and applied fuel cell research. They allow quick and reliable evaluation of fuel cell catalyst layers and provide a unique possibility to screen different electrocatalysts at close to real experimental conditions. However, benchmarking electrocatalysts’ intrinsic activity and stability is impossible without knowing their electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). In this work, we compare and contrast three methods for the determination of the ECSA: (a) underpotential deposition of hydrogen (Hupd); (b) CO-stripping; and (c) underpotential deposition of copper (Cuupd) in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, using representative electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications (Pt and PtRu-alloys supported on carbon). We demonstrate that, while all methods can be used in GDE setups, CO-stripping is the most convenient and reliable. Additionally, the application of Cuupd offers the possibility to derive the atomic surface ratio in PtRu-alloy catalysts. By discussing the advantages of each method, we hope to guide future research in accurately determining surface area and, hence, the intrinsic performance of realistic catalyst layers.
A rare case of double ectopic thyroid in the superior mediastinum: a case report
Authors: Nagireddy Tejus V , Vaidya Advait A , Gupta Samir , Kshirsagar Pankaj , Kamble Tushar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrimary ectopic mediastinal thyroid is rare, seen in &lt;1% of patients with ectopic thyroid. A patient with two ectopic foci in mediastinum is even rare. Our patient presented with chronic cough and discomfort. CT scan revealed a huge 7 cm × 7 cm (right) and 5 cm × 5 cm (left) mass in mediastinum. IR-guided biopsy of the right side mass showed an ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT). Due to close proximity with major vessels, sternotomy is done and the two masses are excised. The masses were not connected in any way with each other as well as with the orthotopic thyroid in the neck. Pathology revealed colloid goiter. Surgical excision of a mediastinal mass is warranted. This helps in both the diagnosis and potentially be the primary treatment as well. Patients with ectopic thyroid disease are rare, and a presentation of two ETTs on both sides of mediastinum is very rare.
Jiamusi pulsar observations – IV. The core-weak pattern of PSR B0329+54
Authors: Wang Tao , Han J L , Wang C , Wang P F , Zhou D J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The bright pulsar PSR B0329+54 has been known for many years to have two emission modes. Sensitive observations of individual pulses revealed that the central component of the pulse profile, which is called the core component, is occasionally weakened considerably for a few periods and then recovered. This is the newly identified core-weak mode. Based on our long observations of PSR B0329+54 with the Jiamusi 66-m telescope at 2250 MHz, we report here that the profile components of individual pulses, including those for the core and the leading and trailing peaks, relatedly vary over some periods even before and after the core-weak mode, forming a regular pattern in the phase–time plot for a train of period-folded pulses. The pattern has a similar structure to the core-weak mode with a time-scale of 3 to 14 periods. It starts with an intensity brightening at the trailing phase of the core component, and then the core intensity decreases to a very low level, as if the core component is drifting out from the normal radiation window within 1 or 2 periods. Next the intensity in the trailing components is enhanced, and then the leading component appears at an advanced phase. Such a core-weak mode lasts for several periods. Finally, the core-weak mode ends up with an enhanced intensity at the leading phase for the core component, as if the core gradually comes back and finally stays at the phase of the profile centre, as it used to.
Confirmation of two magnetic cataclysmic variables as polars: 1RXS J174320.1−042953 and YY Sex
Authors: Rawat Nikita , Pandey J C , Joshi Arti , Potter Stephen B , Hojaev Alisher S , De Becker Michaël , Rao Srinivas M , Yadava Umesh 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present our analysis of new and archived observations of two candidate magnetic cataclysmic variables, namely 1RXS J174320.1−042953 and YY Sex. 1RXS J174320.1−042953 was observed in two distinctive high and low states where a phase shift was seen, which could be due to changes in the shape, size, and (or) location of the accretion region. We find that its orbital X-ray modulations only persist in the soft (0.3–2.0 keV) energy band, which could be attributed to photoelectric absorption in the accretion flow. The X-ray spectra exhibit a multi-temperature post-shock region where the hard X-rays are absorbed through a thick absorber with an equivalent hydrogen column of ∼7.5 × 1023 cm−2, which partially covers ∼56 per cent of the emission. No soft X-ray excess was found to be present; however, a soft X-ray emission with a blackbody temperature of ∼97 eV describes the spectra. Extensive Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations of YY Sex allow us to refine its orbital period to 1.5746 ± 0.0011 h. We did not find any signature of previously reported spin or beat periods in this system. Furthermore, our new polarimetric observations show clear circular polarization modulated on the orbital period only. Finally, both systems show strong Balmer and He ii 4686 Å emission lines in the optical spectra, further indicative of their magnetic nature.
HIBLUP: an integration of statistical models on the BLUP framework for efficient genetic evaluation using big genomic data
Authors: Yin Lilin , Zhang Haohao , Tang Zhenshuang , Yin Dong , Fu Yuhua , Yuan Xiaohui , Li Xinyun , Liu Xiaolei , Zhao Shuhong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human diseases and agricultural traits can be predicted by modeling a genetic random polygenic effect in linear mixed models. To estimate variance components and predict random effects of the model efficiently with limited computational resources has always been of primary concern, especially when it involves increasing the genotype data scale in the current genomic era. Here, we thoroughly reviewed the development history of statistical algorithms used in genetic evaluation and theoretically compared their computational complexity and applicability for different data scenarios. Most importantly, we presented a computationally efficient, functionally enriched, multi-platform and user-friendly software package named ‘HIBLUP’ to address the challenges that are faced currently using big genomic data. Powered by advanced algorithms, elaborate design and efficient programming, HIBLUP computed fastest while using the lowest memory in analyses, and the greater the number of individuals that are genotyped, the greater the computational benefits from HIBLUP. We also demonstrated that HIBLUP is the only tool which can accomplish the analyses for a UK Biobank-scale dataset within 1 h using the proposed efficient ‘HE + PCG’ strategy. It is foreseeable that HIBLUP will facilitate genetic research for human, plants and animals. The HIBLUP software and user manual can be accessed freely at https://www.hiblup.com.
Mpox Infection in Children—Infection Control Implications for Household Contacts
Authors: Desai Angel N , Thompson George R , Dodson Daniel , Neumeister Sonja M , Arutyunova Anna M , Trigg Kate , Blumberg Dean , Cohen Stuart H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMpox has recently re-emerged as a global entity of concern. We report one of the first pediatric cases in the United States and provide updated recommendations relevant to infection control and prevention measures of those in close contact with mpox.
Euteleological Metaphysics
Authors: Bishop John , Perszyk Ken 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The metaphysics of euteleology is set out and its coherence defended in this chapter. While a euteleological metaphysics might perhaps fit a spiritually and ethically interesting form of atheism, the intention is to deploy it in understanding what theists may be positively committed to at the level of fundamental ontology. Euteleology starts with the idea that reality is purposive. It affirms ultimate teleology—a unifying overall end or telos for the sake of whose realization the Universe and everything in it exists. This telos is reality’s supreme good, whose nature the Abrahamic religious traditions hold to be specially revealed to humanity. Euteleology further claims that the Universe’s ultimate unifying purpose is actually achieved in concrete realizations of the supreme good. What makes euteleology a non-personalist metaphysics is that it takes reality’s purposiveness to be inherent in the nature of the real, not derived from the purposes of a personal creator. It is argued that euteleology can provide an ultimate explanation for the Universe’s existence: the Universe exists because ‘it does what it’s for’. This euteleological explanation is compared and contrasted with John Leslie’s extreme axiarchic explanation for existence. What looks like an illegitimate appeal to the idea that a cosmos could lift itself into existence by its own bootstraps is defended in terms of a transmundane causal order, whose operations are in principle incomprehensible to us—and a defence is provided for the legitimacy of accepting mystery at the limits of human comprehension.
Constructing Macedon and the World Through an Achaean Perspective
Authors: Nicholson Emma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 establishes the political and literary context in which Philip V enters Polybius’ narrative and explores how Polybius’ Achaean perspective not only affects the Histories as a whole but also impacts the portrayal of Philip, Antigonus Doson, Macedon, and key Achaean figures attached to the kings. It offers a close reading of Polybius’ portrait of Aratus of Sicyon, particularly his alliance with Antigonus Doson, and treatment of Aristomachus of Argos and Lydiadas of Megalopolis, and uses Plutarch’s Aratus as a comparison to highlight Polybius’ construction of a narrative that presents Aratus as a noble and rational leader, always in control and working for the benefit of the Greeks and the Achaean League. It then discusses the dynamics of the Achaean–Macedonian relationship and how Polybius obscures some of its negative features (by presenting Antigonus Doson in an almost entirely good light and skirting over the imbalances of power) in order to defend and justify Aratus’ decision to invite the Macedonians back into Achaean affairs in 224 bc. When Philip comes to the throne, therefore, the relationship between the Achaean League and Macedon is depicted in highly positive and mutually-beneficial terms.
Woven History, Woven Lives
Authors: Nicholson Emma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 concludes the analysis by addressing the discrepancies revealed between the image of Philip V in Polybius’ narrative and the image of the king in his digressional passages during Chapters 3 and 5. It argues that these conflicting portraits are the result of Polybius’ use of a biographical means of presenting key individuals in the context of a historical account (implemented for the political education of his readers), and the different levels of unity in character and comprehensiveness of information that these two genres require. The second section observes how Polybius integrates these biographical presentations into the larger, interweaving framework of the Histories and how each leader and their actions are prevented from standing too large in the progress of history. The analysis of Philip V is repositioned in this wider context and his uniqueness questioned. The last section offers a comparative study of Polybius’ portrait of the Macedonian king with that of other key rulers in his work (his predecessors: Philip II and Alexander, Antigonus Doson; contemporaries: Ptolemy IV, Antiochus, and Hannibal; and successors: Perseus and Eumenes), exploring how, for Polybius, Philip is both similar to other monarchs, contributing equally to the declining picture of kingship in the Histories, yet also exceptional for his political, structural and didactic importance.
The Consequences of Halfway Constitutional Reform
Authors: Sherlock Stephen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter critically analyses debate about problems in the quality of law-making in the Indonesian parliament (DPR). In reforms to the Indonesian Constitution in 1999–2002, the power to make laws was shifted from the president to the parliament. At the time this was widely hailed as a major democratizing step that balanced the previously excessive powers of the president. In subsequent years, the change has even been criticized as being too big a shift that has created a ‘legislative-heavy’ political system. This chapter argues that, in reality, the reform only went halfway towards vesting legislative power in the parliament. The reformed Constitution states that legislation must have ‘joint agreement’ between the DPR and the President, thus providing executive government with an effective veto over all stages of the legislative process. Legislative deliberations can only proceed if the president’s representatives (ministers and/or senior officials) agree to participate. The chapter examines the practical effects on this constitutional provision on parliamentary procedure and its implication for the legislative process. It argues that the president and the parliament bear equal responsibility for recurrent blockages to the passage of legislation, concluding that chaos in law-making is likely to be a fixture of Indonesian politics for the foreseeable future.
Building Walls Rather than Bridges
Authors: Rositawati Dian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One way to mitigate the effect of bureaucratization and strengthen independence and accountability of the judiciary is by establishing a Judicial Council or Judicial Commission. However, the creation of a council is no guarantee that problems of accountability will be resolved. In Indonesia, the establishment of the Judicial Commission through the amendment of the 1945 Constitution was a response to balance the increased power of the Supreme Court. However, conflicts between the Judicial Commission and the Supreme Court emerged and remain ongoing. These tensions have been passed down from one generation of commissioners to the next. Prolonged conflict between these institutions has contributed to the failure of the Commission to supervise judges and act as an accountability mechanism to the judiciary. This chapter aims to investigate the causes of the conflict that hinder the success of the Judicial Commission by looking at the debates that took place in various conflicts and their impact on the Judicial Commission. It also traces the historical background of the Commission’s establishment and the legal framework that determines the Commission’s design.
The Constitutionalization of ‘Religious Values’ in Indonesia
Authors: Rofii Ahmad , Hosen Nadirsyah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The amendment to the 1945 Constitution introduced a new phrase: ‘religious values’ (nilai-nilai agama). The new phrase has been designed to accommodate a highly religious society. It is mentioned twice in the Constitution, first, in Article 28J(2) on the limitations of constitutional rights, and second, in Article 31(5) on the duty of the government to uphold these values in education. This chapter critically evaluates the ambiguity of the phrase ‘religious values’, as reflected by a number of related constitutional cases. Specifically, it examines the meaning and the application of the phrase by discussing how far the Constitutional Court has endorsed the limitation on religious freedom based on ‘religious values’ as a constitutional requirement.