bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Australian pharmacists' views toward reducing the risk of medicines‐related harm in aged care residents
Authors: Ali Sheraz , Curtain Colin M. , Peterson Gregory M. , Salahudeen Mohammed S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedicines‐related harm is common in older people living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Pharmacists offering services in the aged care sector may play a key role in reducing medicines‐related injury. This study aimed to explore Australian pharmacists' views toward reducing the risk of medicines‐related harm in older residents. Qualitative, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 Pharmacists across Australia providing services (e.g., through the provision of medication reviews, supplying medications, or being an embedded pharmacist) to RACFs identified via convenience sampling. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Medicines‐related harm was thought to occur due to polypharmacy, inappropriate medicines, anticholinergic activity, sedative load, and lack of reconciliation of medicines. Pharmacists reported that strong relationships, education of all stakeholders, and funding for pharmacists were facilitators in reducing medicines‐related harm. Pharmacists stated that renal impairment, frailty, staff non‐engagement, staff burnout, family pressure, and underfunding were barriers to reducing medicines‐related harm. Additionally, the participants suggested pharmacist education, experience, and mentoring improve aged care interactions. Pharmacists believed that the irrational use of medicines increases harm in aged care residents, and medicines‐specific (e.g., sedative load) and patient‐specific risk factors (e.g., renal impairment) are associated with injuries in residents. To reduce medicines‐related harm, the participants highlighted the need for increased funding for pharmacists, improving all stakeholders' awareness about medicines‐associated harms through education, and ensuring collaboration between healthcare professionals caring for older residents.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of sparsentan in healthy volunteers and patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Wada Russell , Kleijn Huub Jan , Zhang Lu , Chen Shang‐Chiung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSparsentan is a single‐molecule dual endothelin angiotensin receptor antagonist (DEARA) currently under investigation as a treatment for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN). A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed to characterize the PKs of sparsentan and to evaluate the impact of FSGS disease characteristics and co‐medications as covariates on sparsentan PKs. Blood samples were collected from 236 healthy volunteers, 16 subjects with hepatic impairment, and 194 primary and genetic FSGS patients enrolled in nine studies ranging from phase I to phase III. Sparsentan plasma concentrations were determined using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with a lower limit of quantitation of 2 ng/mL. Modeling was conducted with the first‐order conditional estimation with η–ϵ interaction (FOCE‐1) method in NONMEM. A total of 20 covariates were tested using a univariate forward addition and stepwise backward elimination analysis with significance level of p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively. A two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and an absorption lag time with proportional plus additive residual error (2 ng/mL) described sparsentan PKs. A 32% increase of clearance due to CYP3A auto‐induction occurred at steady‐state. Covariates retained in the final model included formulation, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor co‐administration, sex, race, creatinine clearance, and serum alkaline phosphatase. Moderate and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors comedications increased area under the concentration‐time curve by 31.4% and 191.3%, respectively. This population PK model of sparsentan suggests that dose adjustments may be warranted for patients taking moderate and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors concomitantly, but other covariates analyzed may not require dose adjustments.
Visualization of Macroscopic Ising Superconducting State in Superconductor‐Graphene Junctions
Authors: Chen Yaoyao , Zhang Yu , Huang Ze‐Ping , Jia Liang‐Guang , Liu Li‐Wei , Yang Hui‐Xia , Zhang Teng , He Lin , Zhou Jia‐Dong , Huang Yuan , Li Yuan‐Chang , Liu Hai‐Wen , Gao Hong‐Jun , Wang Ye‐Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGraphene‐based two‐dimensional van der Waals Josephson junctions with superconductors are hopeful for realizing versatile quantum devices. However, research on the junctions with Ising superconductors in atomic‐layer transition metal dichalcogenides, whose superconductivity is resilient to strong in‐plane magnetic fields, has remained elusive. Here the scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ising superconductivity in single‐layer (SL) NbSe2 island and its long‐range proximity effect to the adjacent graphene with high spatial and energy resolution is reported. It is found that SL NbSe2 island manifests as an Ising superconductor while the island area is larger than about 800 nm2. Moreover, the superconducting proximity effect from the NbSe2 island generates a superconducting gap in graphene, which can extend to over several tens of nanometers without obvious decay. Such a long‐range proximity effect makes the intrinsically non‐superconducting graphene as a superconductor. More intriguingly, such a superconducting gap can survive under strong in‐plane magnetic fields, following the Ising behavior of that in SL NbSe2. This work reveals a brand‐new macroscopic Ising superconducting regime, opening perspectives for superconductor‐based quantum devices with outstanding functionality.
Using the Features of Written Compositions to Understand Reading Comprehension
Authors: Zagata Elizabeth , Kearns Devin , Truckenmiller Adrea J. , Zhao Zichen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current study is an exploration of the association between the characteristics of students' written compositions and their reading comprehension performance. We address the empirical question about the degree to which writing is predictive of reading comprehension by comparing the utility of several popular written composition metrics. These include the 6+1 Trait® Model of Writing, a metric from curriculum‐based measurement in written expression, Coh‐Metrix, and automated counts of word features. The dependent variable for all data analytic models was the reading comprehension score (RC score) from the FAIR‐FS. First, we conducted two random forest regressions, one containing the reading skills, namely, scores on the vocabulary, syntax, word recognition, and reading fluency tasks on the FAIR‐FS and the other containing these reading skills in addition to all of the writing scores calculated from the written composition task. Second, we use the importance indices from the random forest regression to select skills to include in an explanatory regression model. In addition to finding that the writing related skills added to the importance, we further found that the most important skills in the random forest regression were reading‐related followed by the various instantiations of curriculum‐based measures, number of morphemes, and incidence of gerund density. These signify a unique contribution between curriculum‐based measures and reading comprehension when accounting for comprehension‐related reading skills thus furthering our understanding of the interdependency between the components of writing and reading.
The Potential of C‐Glycosylflavonoids as α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors Determined by Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and IC50 Studies
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Shakouri Khomartash Mehdi , Taslimi Parham 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInhibition of intestinal α‐glucosidase (αGS), a crucial enzyme in carbohydrate digestion, is an effective therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus treatment. The C‐glycosylflavonoids (CGFs) are natural compounds with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. The present work seeks an alternative compound among CGFs that can control the blood glucose level by inhibiting αGS enzyme activity. Therefore, ten CGFs were selected and carried out the docking to αGS. The docking outcomes proposed that among selected CGFs, the orientin compound can successfully interact with the key residues of Asp215, Glu277, Asp352, Arg442, and Arg446. Of them, the orientin compound with docking energy of −6.11 Kcal/mol, was subsequently subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDs), and in vitro investigation. MDs results indicated that orientin formed a stable complex with αGS enzyme. We also performed molecular mechanics generalized Born and surface area (MM/GBSA) free energy calculation manner on all chosen CGFs along with miglitol as reference. The IC50 value of orientin for αGS inhibition with competitive mode was found to be 0.13 mg/ml. The results highlight that orientin can be considered as a possible compound in treating DM via αGS inhibition. However, further in vitro and in vivo analyses are required to confirm this claim.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Antitumor Activity of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐Based Heterocycles against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Emam Dalia R. , Hammouda Mohamed M. , Tag Yasmin , El‐Sawy Eslam R. , Abdelmageed Soha M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerous aminothiadiazole‐based compounds have been extensively employed as pharmaceuticals to treat a variety of ailments, leading to a flurry of new discoveries. It takes novel synthetic techniques to prepare new aminothiadiazole derivatives from enaminonitrile derivative 4, which was formerly an important step in the synthesis of pyrazole, isoxazole, and pyrimidine derivatives (6, 8, and 10). For the production of triazolo, imidazolo, and pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives, enaminonitrile 4 also has shown chemical activity toward various N‐nucleophiles, such as heterocyclic amines (12, 14, and 16). As a result of cyclo‐condensing enaminonitrile precursor 4 with a variety of carbon and oxygen nucleophiles, certain complex, polyfunctional substituted fused 2‐pyridone and chromenone derivatives containing thiadiazole molecules were produced (18, 20, 22, and 25). Next, the cytotoxic effect of the entitled compounds against HepG2 and MCF7 has been reported, followed by an in‐vivo study on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 with the compounds that showed the lowest IC50 values. In addition to molecular docking into the FGFR 4 active site (PDB: 4XCU), the bioavailability of the active compounds in accordance with Lipinski's rule of five has been shown.
Electroactivity Variable Valence NiFe Layered Double Hydroxyde for Cl− Removal through Electrically Switched Ion Exchange
Authors: Guo Xiaoyang , An Xiaowei , Wang Peifen , Wang Tianyun , Li Zhenkun , Ma Xuli , Du Xiao , Hao Xiaogang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) films with different Ni/Fe molar ratios were successfully prepared on carbon paper (CP) by the potentiostatic method and were used for the removal of chloride ions (Cl−) by electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) technology. The results showed that the Ni/Fe ratios had a significant effect on the adsorption performance of LDH for Cl−. The prepared NiFe LDH film with Ni/Fe molar ratio of 1 : 1 showed the best Cl− ESIX performance and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 43.8 mg ⋅ g−1 at 1.4 V (vs. SCE) in 20 ppm Cl− solution. The excellent adsorption performance of LDH for Cl− was mainly due to the coupling of the interlayer anion exchange mechanism and the electroactivity‐variable valence mechanism. In addition, the Cl− regeneration rate remained above 95 % during five repeated adsorption/desorption experiments, and the charging capacity was still about 96 % of the initial capacity even after 1000 CV cycles. Therefore, the NiFe LDH film could be a promising electroactive material for the removal of Cl− from aqueous solution.
Reverse Regioselectivity in the Ultrasound‐Promoted Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Tri‐Substituted Pyrazoles via [3+2] Cycloaddition of Hydrazonoyl Chlorides with β‐Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Fadaei Mohammad Mahdi , Khaledian Omid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrazonoyl chlorides react with β‐nitrostyrenes in ethanol under the clean action of ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction proceeds at room temperature via 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of in situ generated nitrile imine with β‐nitrostyrenes with concurrent elimination of HCl and HNO2 to afford 1,3,4‐trisubstituted pyrazoles with good to high yields and excellent regioselectivity in a short time.
Engineering Biomimetic Biosensor Using Dual‐Targeting Multivalent Aptamer Regulated 3D DNA Walker Enables High‐Performance Detection of Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Jia Lanlan , Hu Qi , Zhang Tingting , Wang Zhaojia , Wu Dan , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Sicen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe phenotypic heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the nonspecific adsorption of background cells impede the effective and sensitive detection of rare CTCs. Although leukocyte membrane coating approach has a good antileukocyte adhesion ability and holds great promise for addressing the challenge of capture purity, its limited specificity and sensitivity prevent its use in the detection of heterogeneous CTCs. To overcome these obstacles, a biomimetic biosensor that integrated dual‐targeting multivalent aptamer/walker duplex functionalized biomimetic magnetic beads and an enzyme‐powered DNA walker signal amplification strategy is designed. As compared to conventional leukocyte membrane coating, the biomimetic biosensor achieves efficient and high purity enrichment of heterogeneous CTCs with different epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression while minimizing the interference of leukocytes. Meanwhile, the capture of target cells can trigger the release of walker strands to activate an enzyme‐powered DNA walker, resulting in cascade signal amplification and the ultrasensitive and accurate detection of rare heterogeneous CTCs. Importantly, the captured CTCs remained viable and can be recultured in vitro with success. Overall, this work provides a new perspective for the efficient detection of heterogeneous CTCs by biomimetic membrane coating and paves the way for early cancer diagnosis.
RobustNPR: Evaluating the robustness of neural program repair models
Authors: Ge Hongliang , Zhong Wenkang , Li Chuanyi , Ge Jidong , Hu Hao , Luo Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the high cost of repairing defective programs, many researches focus on automatic program repair (APR). In recent years, the new trend of APR is to apply neural networks to mine the relations between defective programs and corresponding patches automatically, which is known as neural program repair (NPR). The community, however, ignores some important properties that could impact the applicability of NPR systems, such as robustness. For semantic‐identical buggy programs, NPR systems may produce totally different patches. In this paper, we propose an evaluation tool named RobustNPR, the first NPR robustness evaluation tool. RobustNPR employs several mutators to generate semantic‐identical mutants of defective programs. For an original defective program and its mutant, it checks two aspects of NPR: (a) Can NPR fix mutants when it can fix the original defective program? and (b) can NPR generate semantic‐identical patches for the original program and the mutant? Then, we evaluate four SOTA NPR models and analyze the results. From the results, we find that even for the best‐performing model, 20.16% of the repair success is unreliable, which indicates that the robustness of NPR is not perfect. In addition, we find that the robustness of NPR is correlated with model settings and other factors.
Translanguaging and “English Only” at Universities
Authors: Dobinson Toni , Dryden Stephanie , Dovchin Sender , Gong Qian , Mercieca Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTranslanguaging literature has broadly discussed translanguaging as fostering expressive and creative interactions within classroom contexts. Often overlooked, however, are the responses of students who are encouraged to translanguage in spaces they previously deemed to be reserved for the dominant language only. Using Linguistic Ethno‐graphy, we investigate the interactions of eight Chinese university students in two classroom settings at an Australian university. We examine how explicit or implicit English only norms at this university, combined with students' beliefs about English use, affect translanguaging practices and how English as an additional language (LX) users incorporate various resources, including spatial repertoires, peer support, and silence, to varying degrees of success within two different classrooms. The pedagogical implications of this examination point toward academics needing to embrace and legitimize translanguaging practices, not only at classroom level, but at course, university and policy level. Teachers in pre‐tertiary English language courses also need to incorporate such practices into their classrooms if EAL/D students are to be convinced of the legitimacy of translanguaging in the university classroom.
Subcutaneous mast cell tumours: A prospective multi‐institutional clinicopathological and prognostic study of 43 dogs
Authors: Marconato Laura , Stefanello Damiano , Solari Basano Fabrizio , Faroni Eugenio , Dacasto Mauro , Giantin Mery , Bettini Giuliano , Aresu Luca , Bonfanti Ugo , Bertazzolo Walter , Annoni Maurizio , Lecchi Cristina , Sabattini Silvia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCanine subcutaneous mast cell tumours (ScMCTs) reportedly have a good prognosis. However, biomarkers that can be used to predict outcome are currently limited.MethodsA multicentre prospective study was conducted to identify new prognostic markers. Dogs with a first occurrence of ScMCT were enrolled upon primary tumour removal and regional lymphadenectomy. In the absence of metastasis, dogs were monitored, while dogs with overtly metastatic lymph nodes (histological node 3, HN3) received adjuvant vinblastine.ResultsForty‐three dogs were enrolled: 15 (34.9%) had at least one HN3 lymph node and received vinblastine, and 28 (65.1%) were monitored. Three tumours harboured exon 8 and 9 c‐kit mutations. Eight (18.6%) dogs experienced tumour progression, and five (11.6%) died of MCT‐related causes. The 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were 90% and 77%, respectively. Variables significantly associated with an increased risk of progression included high cytograde, a mitotic count (MC) greater than 4/10 high‐power fields (hpf) and Ki67‐index greater than 23. An MC greater than 4/10 hpf was also associated with an increased risk of tumour‐related death.LimitationsRegional rather than sentinel lymphadenectomy was performed in these dogs. Dogs were enrolled in oncology referral centres, constituting a different population compared to previous studies.ConclusionsScMCTs have a good prognosis. However, the metastatic rate at admission was higher in this study than previously reported, and a subset of tumours were associated with a fatal outcome despite multimodal treatment. Proliferative activity and cytograding may predict more aggressive behaviour in ScMCTs.
A case‐control study of atypical guttural pouch empyema in Arabian foals
Authors: van der Vossen Nicole , Cavalcante Paulo , Glynn Sarah , Achappa Devaya , Mehmood Wasiq , Oikawa Masaaki , Vinardell Tatiana , Jamieson Camilla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundUpper respiratory disease was reported over many seasons in Arabian foals on a single stud farm in the Middle East. Affected foals were noted to have mucopurulent nasal discharge, cough, fever and tachypnea. All affected foals had been empirically treated with a macrolide and rifampicin, by the referring veterinarian without improvement. On endoscopic examination, all affected foals had significant guttural pouch empyema (GPE).Objectives(1) To document a previously unreported presentation of guttural pouch empyema (GPE) in a family of juvenile Arabian foals; (2) To document the cytological and microbial composition of the empyema; (3) To identify clinical signs significantly correlated with the presence of GPE, as predictors for the need for guttural pouch (GP) endoscopy; (4) To demonstrate successful resolution of the identified syndrome with mechanical GP lavage and evidence based antimicrobial use, improving antibiotic stewardship and the one‐health approach to respiratory disease in this demographic of foals.MethodsEvaluation and scoring of clinical signs, upper airway endoscopy and thoracic ultrasound were performed in 14 affected foals and 10 age‐matched controls, followed by comparative tracheal and guttural pouch sputum culture and cytological evaluation. Therapeutic GP lavage was performed and response to therapy monitored.ResultsGPE, cranioventrally distributed ultrasonographic lesions and opportunistic pathogen infection suggested a primary lesion of GPE with aspiration of GP discharge into the lungs. GP lavage resolved the empyema and associated clinical signs in all cases.ConclusionsCytological examination of tracheal and guttural pouch aspirates revealed a neutrophilic exudate with lipid‐laden phagocytes, suggestive of engulfed milk. Bacteriology revealed a high prevalence of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus admixed with other opportunistic pathogens. Streptococcus equi ssp. equi was not isolated in any case.
Transient distal renal tubular acidosis with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after general anaesthesia in a dog
Authors: Ku Dayoung , Lee Dohee , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Chae Yeon , Choi Dongjoon , Choi Minseok , Kang Byeong‐Teck , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kim Hakhyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, 3.5 kg, female spayed Pomeranian was referred due to persistent vomiting, anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia, 7 days after receiving general anaesthetic for a medial patellar luxation correction. Physical examination revealed lethargy, tachypnoea and 7% dehydration. Complete blood count and serum chemistry results were unremarkable, and venous blood gas analysis revealed hypokalaemia and hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap. Urinalysis revealed a urine specific gravity (USG) of 1.005, pH of 7.0 and proteinuria, and the bacterial culture was negative. Based on these results, the dog was diagnosed with distal renal tubular acidosis, and potassium citrate was prescribed to correct metabolic acidosis. In addition, concurrent diabetes insipidus (DI) was suspected because the dog showed persistent polyuria, polydipsia and a USG below 1.006 despite dehydration. After 3 days of initial treatment, acidosis was corrected, and vomiting resolved. Desmopressin acetate and hydrochlorothiazide were also prescribed for DI, but the USG was not normalized. Based on the insignificant therapeutic response, nephrogenic DI was highly suspected. DI was resolved after 24 days. This case report describes the concomitant presence of RTA and DI in a dog after general anaesthesia.