bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deprescribing in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Patients' Perspectives: The Diabetes and Aging Study
Authors: Parker Melissa M. , Lipska Kasia J. , Gilliam Lisa K. , Grant Richard W. , Haider Shanzay , Huang Elbert S. , Jain Rajesh K. , Laiteerapong Neda , Liu Jennifer Y. , Moffet Howard H. , Karter Andrew J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about how patients' preferences, expectations, and beliefs (jointly referred to as perspectives) influence deprescribing. We evaluated the association of patients' self‐reported perspectives with subsequent deprescribing of diabetes medications in older adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsLongitudinal cohort study of 1629 pharmacologically treated adults ages 65–100 years with type 2 diabetes who received care at Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) and participated in the Diabetes Preferences and Self‐Care survey (2019). The survey asked questions about perspectives regarding the use of diabetes medications. Deprescribing was identified during the 24 months following the survey and defined as any of the following: discontinuation of one or more therapeutic classes, reduction in frequency of daily dosing, reduction in total daily pill count, or reduction in total daily dose for oral hypoglycemic agents. Rates of deprescribing and measures of relative risk were calculated for patients' perspectives and select clinical factors. Models predicting deprescribing were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health literacy, baseline number of diabetes medications, duration of diabetes, overtreatment per Endocrine Society guidelines, and KPNC eligibility for targeted deprescribing and weighted to account for the age‐stratified complex sampling design and survey response.ResultsSix hundred seventy‐three (38%) patients experienced deprescribing over a mean follow‐up of 23 months. Deprescribing was significantly associated with the following patient perspectives: not expecting to need diabetes medication for life (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07–2.03) and not recognizing that taking fewer medications could lead to higher blood sugar levels (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09–1.58).ConclusionsPatients' perspectives may enable or hinder deprescribing, emphasizing the importance of soliciting these perspectives during shared decision‐making. Effective deprescribing will benefit from understanding patients' perspectives and fostering patient–provider communication about medication changes throughout the disease course.
Inscribing Impact: Measurement Practices in the Making of Moral Markets
Authors: Casasnovas Guillermo , Hehenberger Lisa , Papageorgiou Kyriaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMoral markets, designed to generate positive impact on pressing social and environmental challenges, are transforming traditional market practices by including more than economic considerations in their operations. The importance of these markets continues to grow as investors, regulators, and consumers increasingly put pressure on companies to account for their broader social and environmental impacts. However, the absence of standardized norms and tools to measure impact may erode trust and lead to ‘impact washing’. This paper examines the process of impact inscription – how actors embed their principles, objectives, and values into artefacts such as measurement tools that shape moral market practices. Drawing on qualitative, in‐depth data from Spain's emerging impact investing market, we unpack impact inscription and identify three key mechanisms: demarcating moral market boundaries, accounting for social issues, and redefining governance structures. By driving changes in scope, roles, and incentives, these mechanisms influence the emergence of moral markets and can result in either disruptive change (with the risk of paralysis) or incremental change (with the risk of goal displacement). Our study also prompts a deeper reflection on how measurement tools embed value judgments, shaping how markets internalize social and environmental externalities and integrate them into market exchanges.
Role and Prognostic Implications of Venous Outflow Assessment in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Barghash Maggie , Salim Hamza Adel , Mei Janet , Tantawi Mohamed , Elnaeem Awab K. , Frade Heitor Cabral , Kabeel Khalid , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Koneru Manisha , Hillis Argye E. , Llinas Raf , Lu Hanzhang , Leigh Rich , Bahouth Mona , Urrutia Victor C. , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Xu Risheng , Huang Judy , Wintermark Max , Nael Kambiz , Albers Gregory W. , Stracke Paul , Faizy Tobias D. , Heit Jeremy J. , Yedavalli Vivek 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe venous outflow profile (VOP) is a crucial yet often overlooked aspect affecting stroke outcomes. It plays a major role in the physiopathology of acute cerebral ischemia, as it accounts for both the upstream arterial collaterals and cerebral microperfusion. This enables it to circumvent the limitations of various arterial collateral evaluation systems, which often fail to consider impaired autoregulation and its impact on cerebral blood flow at the microcirculatory levels. In this narrative review, we will highlight the different parameters and modalities used to assess the VOP in acute ischemia.VO Assessment With Different ModalitiesCT parameters include cortical vein opacification score, interhemispheric difference of composite scores of the draining veins classifications on single‐phase CT angiography (CTA), as well as the extent and velocity of optimal cortical venous filling on multiphase CTA. Differences in contrast administration and acquisition time render the single‐phase CTA parameters less reliable. Perfusion parameters are semiautomated, thus offering greater reproducibility. These include time to peak and prolonged venous transit. Finally, the venous transit time is an MRI parameter.Associations and Prognostic ImplicationsVOP parameters’ significance lies in their potential to predict tissue fate and, subsequently, clinical outcomes. Recent studies indicate that favorable VOP is independently associated with slower rates of infarct edema progression, smaller infarct volumes, and higher rates of functional independence after 90 days. Moreover, it is considered a predictor of recanalization success and the first‐pass effect during mechanical thrombectomy. Conversely, an unfavorable VOP predicts futile recanalization and indicates a higher risk of reperfusion hemorrhage. Our aim is to explore these prognostic implications and their relevance in determining the utility of intracranial intervention.
Brain MRI Detection of an Abnormal Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposePeak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a novel marker of white matter damage, which may be related to small vessel disease. This study aimed to investigate the presence of white matter damage in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) using PSMD.MethodsWe enrolled patients with newly diagnosed isolated RBD confirmed by polysomnography and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted using a 3‐Tesla MRI scanner. We measured the PSMD based on DTI in several steps, including preprocessing, skeletonization, application of a custom mask, and histogram analysis, using the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library program. We compared the incidence of PSMD between patients with RBD and healthy controls and performed a correlation analysis between PSMD and clinical factors in patients with RBD.ResultsThirty patients with isolated RBD and 41 healthy controls were enrolled. The PSMD was significantly higher in patients with RBD than that in the healthy controls (3.078 vs. 2.746 × 10−4 mm2/s, p = 0.001). In addition, PSMD positively correlated with age in patients with RBD (r = 0.477, p = 0.007). However, PSMD was not associated with other clinical or polysomnographic factors.ConclusionPatients with isolated RBD had a higher PSMD than healthy controls, indicating the evidence of white matter damage in patients with RBD. This finding highlights the potential of PSMD as a marker for detecting white matter damage, which may be related to small vessel diseases, in patients with sleep disorders.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of a Patient With SPG11
Authors: Osakada Yosuke , Yunoki Taijun , Matsuoka Chika , Fukui Yusuke , Tsunoda Keiichiro , Deguchi Kentaro , Morihara Ryuta , Yamashita Toru , Ishiura Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe present a case of a male patient with disease‐causing variants in SPG11, a causative gene for autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (ARHSP‐TCC), as well as juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS5) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT2X). A neurological examination at age 18 revealed dysarthria, muscle weakness in bilateral lower extremities, hyperreflexia in patellar reflex, hyporeflexia in Achilles reflex with an extensor plantar reflex, and intellectual disability. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thin corpus callosum and ears of the lynx sign. At the age of 26, weakness and muscle atrophy progressed. While no sensory disturbances were noted, there was a mild decrease in sensory nerve action potentials of the sural nerve over the 8 years between 18 and 26. Clinicians should be aware that SPG11 belongs to the same spectrum of disorders as ALS5 and CMT2X and presents various phenotypes depending on the stage of the disease.
Effect of nbe‐miR403‐5p on tobacco curly shoot virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Wu Gentu , Zhang Haolan , Li Jie , Wu Rui , Wang Xu , Ghanem Hussein , Li Mingjun , Qing Ling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating plant growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our previous studies showed that tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) causes miRNA differential expression in infected Nicotiana benthamiana, but the relationship between TbCSV infection and miRNA is unclear. TbCSV infection leads to a decrease in the expression levels of nbe‐miR403‐5p. This study aimed to explore the relationship between nbe‐miR403‐5p expression and TbCSV DNA accumulation by manipulating its expression levels using pCVA for upregulation and PVX for downregulation. The results showed that increased expression of nbe‐miR403‐5p exacerbated leaf curling symptoms and enhanced viral DNA accumulation in N. benthamiana, whereas decreased expression mitigated viral DNA accumulation and alleviated symptoms of infection. Downregulation of NbAGO2, the target gene of nbe‐miR403‐5p, consequent to the overexpression of nbe‐miR403‐5p, was identified. Silencing of NbAGO2 through virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) compromised plant resistance to viral infection and facilitated virus accumulation in N. benthamiana. This study sheds light on the role of nbe‐miR403‐5p in plant defence against TbCSV infection and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA‐mediated interactions between plants and viruses.
The Insight Study: A Case–Control Psychological Autopsy Study Examining Factors Associated With Suicide in Middle‐Aged People
Authors: De Jaegere Eva , Stas Pauline , van Heeringen Kees , van Landschoot Renate , Rotsaert Ine , Audenaert Kurt , Portzky Gwendolyn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite current suicide prevention strategies, suicide rates are increasing in many Western countries in the 45–60 age group. To comprehend the high risk of suicide in this group, it is essential to gain insight into its risk factors.MethodsA case–control psychological autopsy study examined the differences between individuals who died by suicide (i.e., suicide cases) and those with psychological problems (i.e., living controls) between the ages of 45 and 60 years.ResultsEighty‐two informants were interviewed regarding 48 suicide cases and 23 controls. Controls were significantly more likely than suicide cases to have discussed the subject of euthanasia (45.5% vs.15.2%), to experience physical problems (95.7% vs. 70.8%), and to undergo treatment for these problems (73.9% vs. 39.6%). Suicide cases were more likely to be diagnosed with a depressive episode, depressive disorder (87.5% vs. 60.9%), but less likely to have current treatment for psychiatric disorders (70.8% vs. 95.7%). Suicide cases were more likely than controls to experience problems at work (85.4% vs. 60.9%), future financial problems (59.0% vs. 22.2%), and concerns about these problems (56.8% vs. 22.2).ConclusionThe results suggest possibilities for suicide prevention among middle‐aged individuals through targeted interventions addressing mental healthcare, occupational settings, and financial distress.
Finite-Volume Physics-Informed U-Net for Flow Field Reconstruction with Sparse Data
Authors: Zhu Tong , Liu Dehao , Lu Yanglong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fluid dynamics is governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) which are solved numerically. The limitations of traditional methods in data assimilation hinder their effective engagement with experiments. Physics-informed neural network (PINN) has emerged as a hybrid data-physics-driven model for convective problems. However, the approach suffers from low accuracy and poor efficiency due to the way of incorporating PDEs. In this work, a novel convolutional neural network framework integrating the finite volume method (FVM) is developed to address the challenge. The interface variables of the grid are predicted by the neural network for the first time, rather than a complex procedure in FVM. The physical law is then learned by minimizing the residual of the discretized conservative form of PDEs. A comparison between this model and the existing PINN models regarding prediction accuracy demonstrates the superiority of embedding PDEs through FVM. The effects of sampling strategies and quantities are studied. The result confirms the model's capability to utilize sparse measurement data within the computational domain. Furthermore, the model performs well even in scenarios where partial initial and boundary conditions are absent.
Effectiveness of shared decision making strategies for stroke prevention among patients with atrial fibrillation: cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ozanne Elissa M , Barnes Geoffrey D , Brito Juan P , Cameron Kenzie A , Cavanaugh Kerri L , Greene Tom , Jackson Elizabeth A , Montori Victor M , Steinberg Benjamin A , Witt Daniel M , Noseworthy Peter , Passman Rod S , Kansal Preeti , Crossley George , Roden Dan M , Christensen Joshua T , Ariotti Anthony , Jones Aubrey E , Bardsley Tyler , Wu Chaorong , Fagerlin Angela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple decision aid strategies in promoting high quality shared decision making for prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Design
Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Six academic medical centers in the United States.

Participants

Patient participants were aged ≥18 with a diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation, at risk for stroke (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc ≥1 for men, ≥2 for women), and scheduled for a clinical appointment to discuss stroke prevention strategies. Participating clinicians were those who manage stroke prevention strategies for participating patients.

Intervention
Patients were randomized to use a patient decision aid or usual care; clinicians were randomized to use an encounter decision aid or usual care with all participating patients.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome measures were quality of shared decision making measured by OPTION12, knowledge of atrial fibrillation and its management, and decisional conflict.

Results
1117 participants across six sites were included in the analysis. Compared with usual care, the combined use of both the patient decision aid and the encounter decision aid improved the quality of shared decision making (adjusted mean difference 12.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0 to 16.2; P<0.001), improved patients’ knowledge (odds ratio 1.68 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.09; P<0.001), and reduced patients’ decisional conflict (adjusted mean difference −6.3 (95% CI −9.6 to −3.1; P<0.001). Statistically significant improvements were also observed with the encounter decision aid alone versus usual care for all three outcomes and with the patient decision aid alone versus usual care for quality of shared decision making and knowledge. No important differences were observed in treatment choices for stroke prevention or in participants’ satisfaction. No statistically significant difference in the length of visit across study groups was detected.

Conclusion
Patients who received any decision aid (encounter decision aid, patient decision aid, or both) had lower decisional conflict, better shared decision making, and greater knowledge than those receiving no decision aid, except for the effect of the patient decision aid on decisional conflict, which did not reach statistical significance. The study establishes that use of either pre-visit or in-visit decision aids individually or in combination is advantageous compared with usual care.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04357288
.
Duration of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit: factors influencing decision-making during multidisciplinary meetings
Authors: Janssen Robin M.E. , Oerlemans Anke J.M. , Bos Nynke , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Oostdijk Evelien A.N. , Derde Lennie P.G. , ten Oever Jaap , Wertheim Heiman F.L. , Schouten Jeroen A. , Hulscher Marlies E.J.L. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesIn the intensive care unit (ICU), antibiotics are often given longer than recommended in guidelines. A better understanding of the factors influencing antibiotic therapy duration is needed to develop improvement strategies to effectively address these drivers of excessive duration. This study aimed to explore the determinants of adherence to recommended antibiotic therapy durations among healthcare professionals involved in antibiotic decision-making within the ICU, focusing on multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs).MethodsSemistructured interviews were held with healthcare professionals involved in antibiotic decision-making during MDMs in four Dutch ICUs. Participants included intensivists, clinical microbiologists and ICU residents. Transcripts were analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis methods.ResultsA total of 20 participants were interviewed. The interviews revealed that decision-making regarding antibiotic therapy duration is a complex process, primarily centred around professional interactions during MDMs and involving a broad range of determinants. These determinants were categorised into the following four steps: (1) the introduction of duration as a topic for discussion in the MDM (eg, lack of priority to discuss antibiotic therapy duration); (2) the discussion of antibiotic therapy duration itself (eg, lack of core members during MDM); (3) the establishment of a concrete decision (eg, lack of documentation of the decisions made); (4) the execution of the decision (eg, forgetting to stop antibiotics).ConclusionsOur study identified numerous factors that influence decisions about the duration of antibiotic therapy during MDMs in the ICU. By describing these factors throughout the decision-making process, we provided valuable insights into barriers that commonly arise in specific steps, highlighting critical areas for improvement. Daily MDMs were deemed essential for informed decision-making regarding antibiotic therapy duration by the interviewees. Strategies to improve appropriate duration in the ICU should prioritise strengthening interdisciplinary communication between healthcare professionals and adding structure to these meetings.
Are Εἴδωλα Idols?
Authors: Chantziantoniou Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has long been taken for granted that the use of εἴδωλον in the language of the Septuagint and its reception in early Jewish texts was unique within the history of postclassical Greek, imbued with pejorative meaning as a technical term of “Jewish Greek” that refers not to “images” but to “idols.” In this article, I interrogate the issues involved with this lexicographical commonplace and the translation practices it informs, and offer a critical reexamination of the literary and documentary evidence in which εἴδωλον occurs. I argue that the use of εἴδωλον in early Jewish Greek literature, from the Greek Pentateuch to Paul’s letters, was in fact remarkably unexceptional and readily recognisable as one lexical option among many in the diverse lexicon of cult images (e.g., ἄγαλμα, ἀνδριάς, ἀφίδρυμα, εἰκών, ἵδρυμα, ξόανον), just as it was in postclassical Greek more broadly. I conclude that transliterating εἴδωλον as “idol,” rather than translating it as “image,” keeps the illusion of uniqueness alive by inviting negative associations that closely align with its later lexicographical legacy but that do not clearly correspond to any known use of εἴδωλον in its own time and place.
Molecular and taxonomical study of the genus Chara (Linnaeus 1753) in Israel
Authors: Khasdan Vadim , Yehuda Guy , Žvingila Donatas , Ovadia Ofer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Israel’s climate is characterized by hot and dry summers and cool, rainy winters in the northern and coastal regions, whereas the southern and eastern regions are arid. The aquatic macrophyte Chara is a common genus in Israel, and its distribution varies across Israel’s climatic gradient. Although few studies described the abundance and taxonomy of the local Chara species in Israel, only little is known about the molecular taxonomy of this group in the region. We sampled Chara species along Israel’s climatic gradient and identified specimens using the classical taxonomy key and molecular identification methods. We characterized the molecular taxonomy of four Chara species: C. vulgaris, C. contraria, C. gymnophylla, and C. globata. Notably, the latter species, which was found in a hyper-arid area, was last recorded in Israel ~50 years ago on the northern Mediterranean coast and Judaean Mountains. Chara gymnophylla was more abundant in northern Israel, while C. vulgaris and C. contraria were common in southern Israel. We developed Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers to identify the four species and sequenced their chloroplast gene rbcL. The phylogenetic trees generated using the rbcL sequences and ISSR-based dendrogram were consistent with the classical taxonomy of Chara.
Genetic improvement of farmed insect species: programmes, progress, and prospects
Authors: Gowda K.B. , Jerry D.R. , Zenger K.R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Like other animal farming systems that aim for maximum productivity and economic sustainability, the cultivation of insects for food and feed sectors requires the use of high-performance genetic lines that are adapted to specific rearing conditions. Therefore, investing in genetics and breeding programmes to domesticate and develop insect strains suitable for commercial production is imperative: if implemented appropriately, breeding programmes can achieve significant returns on investment. Developing genetic improvement programmes for insects entails considering various factors, including biology, reproduction, production system, and identifying breeding goals optimal for available resources. This review summarises the various techniques available for implementing selective breeding programmes in insects, as well as their current applications and developments in four insect species: the honey bee, silkworm, black soldier fly and mealworm.