bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter Ventilation with a Modified Rapid-O2 Oxygen Insufflation Device
Authors: Jang Jaewon , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Hyun Joo , Park Wyun Kon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rapid-O2™ oxygen insufflation device (Rapid-O2®) has been primarily designed to provide rescue oxygenation; thus, hypercarbia is inevitable. We modified Rapid-O2 to augment ventilation by providing negative pressure during expiration. To determine the most effective combination between the 20 G, 18 G, 16 G, 14 G, or 2-mm internal diameter (ID) transtracheal catheter (TTC) (inner catheters) to create sub-atmospheric pressure and the 16 G, 14 G or 2-mm ID TTC to achieve insufflating flow (insufflating catheters), the corresponding insufflating and expiratory flows and pressures were measured using a gas flow analyzer. Insufflating and expiratory volumes were assessed using a trachea-lung model. Based on the flow measurements of combination between inner and insufflating catheters, the 18 G was chosen as the inner catheter. Insufflating pressures ranged from 97 (2-mm ID TTC) to 377 cmH2O (16 gauge) at oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min. During expiration, negative pressures of ~ 50 cmH2O were measured in three insufflating catheters at 15 L/min. At a lung compliance of 100 mL/cmH2O, with a rate of ~ 12 breathes/min, minute volumes through a 14 G or 2-mm ID TTC were 5.53 and 6.53 L/min, respectively, at 15 L/min. The modified Rapid-O2 could achieve adequate minute ventilation in adults.
The “island sign” on diffusion-weighted imaging predicts early neurological deterioration in penetrating artery territory infarctions: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yang , Si Zhihua , Wang Dawei , Dong Dong , Liu Rutao , Yu Xianwen , Tang Jiyou , Wang Aihua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Early neurological deterioration (END) sometimes occurs in patients with penetrating artery territory infarction (PATI) and leads to poor prognosis. In this study, we analyzed clinical and neuroimaging characteristics, especially the infarct patterns of PATI on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to investigate whether the “island sign” pattern is associated with END.Methods One hundred thirteen patients with acute PATI admitted within 48 h after onset from May 2020 to July 2022 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups according to infarct location: the territories of the lenticulostriate arteries (LSA) and paramedian pontine arteries (PPA). The patients in each group were further classified into the END and non-END groups according to whether they developed END. The PATI patterns were divided into with and without the “island sign” as observed on DWI. The clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of the patients were analyzed within the LSA and PPA groups.Results END was found in 17 patients (27.9%) in the LSA group and 20 patients (38.5%) in the PPA group. In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictors were the “island sign” (OR 4.88 95% CI 1.03–23.2 P = 0.045) and high initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR 1.79 95% CI 1.08–2.98 P = 0.024) in the LSA group and lesions extending to the ventral pontine surface (OR 7.53 95% CI 1.75–32.37 P = 0.007) in the PPA group.Conclusions The predictive factors for END were different in the LSA and PPA groups. The “island sign” was particularly associated with END in the LSA group.
Few-photon Detection of Ge Quantum-dot Single-hole Transistors in Few-hole Regime under Visible Irradiation
Authors: Hong Po-Yu , Lai Chi-Cheng , Lin Horng-Chih , George Thomas , Kuo David M. T. , Li Pei-Wen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We reported few-photon detection and exciton binding-energy determination using tunneling-current spectroscopy of Ge-quantum dot (QD) single-hole transistors (SHTs) operating in the few-hole regime under 400 nm–1550 nm illumination. When the photon energy is smaller than the bandgap energy (1.46 eV) of the 20 nm Ge QD (for instance, under 1310 nm and 1550 nm illuminations), the peak voltage of tunneling current peaks remain intact even irradiation power is as high as mW. In contrast, 850 nm illumination (i.e., the photon energy is equal to the bandgap energy of the Ge QD) induces a considerable shift in the first hole-tunneling current peak towards positive VG (VG 0.08 V at 25.8 nW and 0.15 V at 112 nW) and even creates new additional photocurrent peaks at more positive VG (VG 0.2 V) at W irradiation. The abovementioned experimental observations were further strengthened for Ge-QD SHTs illuminated by 405 nm lasers with much lower power. The observed newly-photogenerated current peaks are ascribed to the interactions between few photoexcitons and single-hole tunneling within the Ge QD.
Induction of the CtsR regulon improves Xylanase production in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Wang Biwen , Kloet Frans van der , Hamoen Leendert W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is extensively used for the commercial production of enzymes due to its efficient protein secretion capacity. However, the efficiency of secretion varies greatly between enzymes, and despite many years of research, optimization of enzyme production is still largely a matter of trial-and-error. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis seems a useful tool to identify relevant secretion bottlenecks, yet to this day, only a limited number of transcriptome studies have been published that focus on enzyme secretion in B. subtilis. Here, we examined the effect of high-level expression of the commercially important enzyme endo-1,4-β-xylanase XynA on the B. subtilis transcriptome using RNA-seq.Results Using the novel gene-set analysis tool GINtool, we found a reduced activity of the CtsR regulon when XynA was overproduced. This regulon comprises several protein chaperone genes, including clpC, clpE and clpX, and is controlled by transcriptional repression. CtsR levels are directly controlled by regulated proteolysis, involving ClpC and its cognate protease ClpP. When we abolished this negative feedback, by inactivating the repressor CtsR, the XynA production increased by 25%.Conclusions Overproduction of enzymes can reduce the pool of Clp protein chaperones in B. subtilis, presumably due to negative feedback regulation. Breaking this feedback can improve enzyme production yields. Considering the conserved nature of Clp chaperones and their regulation, this method might benefit high-yield enzyme production in other organisms.
The probability distributions of the movement of dairy and beef cattle in Japan: a data note
Authors: Murato Yoshinori , Hayama Yoko , Kondo Sonoko , Sawai Kotaro , Yamaguchi Emi , Yamamoto Takehisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Animal movement is an important factor in the transmission of infectious diseases among livestock. A better understanding of animal movement characteristics provides a more reliable estimation of disease spread and promotes modeling studies. In Japan, all the cattle movement information is recorded in a national database called the Individual Cattle Identification Register (ICIR).” Our previous studies using this information demonstrated heterogeneity in the movement of dairy and beef cows according to location, season, and age. The present study describes the probability distributions of the movement of Japanese dairy and beef cows in the following month on a regional basis.
Data description:
This publication contains four probability distribution datasets for the predicted locations of dairy and beef cows in Japan in the following month, which were developed using individual cattle movement information obtained from the ICIR. These datasets provide information on cattle movement in the following month on a regional basis, given properties such as birth region, location, time, and age.
Estimating Disease-Free Survival of Thyroid Cancer Based on Novel Cuprotosis-Related Gene Model
Authors: Du Rui , Li Jingting , li Fang , Mi Lusi , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Sun Hui , Liang Nan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Cuprotosis is a newlydiscovered form of cell death that differs from other types of cell death. The aim of this study wasto investigate the functional role and a possible prognosticmodel for thyroid cancer.
Methods: TCGA and GEO were used to investigate the differential expression of CRGs in THCA. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were applied to investigate the possible molecular functions. The features of CRGs were selected by LASSO regression. 20 pairs of samples were randomly collected from the hospital to compare expression between tumor and normal.
Results: Among the 19 CRGs related to thyroid cancer recurrence, 16 genes were differentially expressed in thyroid cancer. KEGG analysis showed that the 19 CRGs were mainly enriched in cell death, cell cycle and ribosomal pathways. K-M survival analysis and subsequent multiple logistic regression revealed that the expression of BUB1 and GINS2 were potential risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS) of thyroid cancer. In addition, further LASSO-regression selected the following three DFS-related CRGs: FDX1, BUB1 and RPL3. A novel prognostic prediction model was constructed by nomogram, and the prediction probability for 1-, 3- and 5-year survival approached the actual time. As for the possible mechanisms, FDX1, BUB1 and RPL3 were associated with immune infiltration. The cell model experiment illustrated that the ATM signaling pathway might be involved in thyroid cancer cell death.
Conclusion: Three CRG models (FDX1, BUB1, RPL3) could better predict the prognosis of thyroid cancer. Immune cell infiltration and the ATM pathway were the possible mechanisms.
Clinical, epidemiological, and genotypic characteristics of rotavirus infection in hospitalized infants and young children in Yunnan Province
Authors: Jiang Hongjun , Zhang Yu , Xu Xiaoyan , Li Xiaohan , Sun Yi , Fan Xin , Xu Ya , Su Ting , Zhang Guiqian , Dian Qin Zi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rotavirus is the most important pathogenic cause of non-bacterial diarrhea in infants and children. Approximately 60% of hospital admissions for acute diarrhea worldwide are caused by rotavirus infection. Rotavirus infection and hospitalization among children in China are a social burden, resulting in economic loss. The prevalence and geographical distribution of rotavirus genotypes is variable partially due to population migration. Due to the unique geographical conditions and climatic in Yunnan Province, several viruses with new genotypes have emerged and multiple genotypes have become co-endemic. In this study, rotavirus infection screening and genetic characterization of epidemic strains were performed in 149,492 infants and children admitted to hospitals in six representative prefectures in Yunnan Province between 2019 and 2021. The prevalence of rotavirus infection was 13.39%, and was highest in January and lowest in September. G9P[8] was the main endemic rotavirus genotype. Other endemic genotypes included G2P[4], G8P[8], G9P[4], G2P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8], G3P[4], and G4P[6]. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that locally endemic strains were influenced by importation of strains from neighboring provinces and other Asian countries. These findings provide a scientific basis for rotavirus prevention and control, and lay a foundation for preliminary studies to establish a rotavirus surveillance network in Yunnan Province.
Sporadic occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in two species of marsh terns
Authors: Dubiec Anna , Atamas Natalia , Ledwoń Mateusz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVector-transmitted haemosporidians are among the most common parasites in birds, but our knowledge of the inter-specific patterns of infection rates and the parasite community composition is far from complete because of the unequal distribution of the screening effort across bird families and genera. To assess infection rates and the diversity of haemosporidians from the generaPlasmodium,Haemoproteus, andLeucocytozoonin marsh terns, which represent poorly explored in this regard genus of the family gulls, terns, and skimmers (Laridae), we screened two species: the Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) and the Black Tern (Chlidonias niger). We sampled these long-distance migratory birds on breeding grounds: the Whiskered Tern in south-central Poland and north-central Ukraine, and the Black Tern – in north-central Ukraine. We found that birds from both species were infected only sporadically, with prevalence at the population level not exceeding 3.4%. Only parasites from the generaPlasmodiumandLeucocytozoonwere detected. There was neither an inter-specific difference nor a difference between populations of the Whiskered Tern in infection rates. In total, we registered three lineages – onePlasmodiumand twoLeucocytozoon– that were previously recorded in other bird species, and two unidentifiedPlasmodiuminfections. One of the lineages (LeucocytozoonLARCAC02) represents a specialist parasite with the host range restricted to larids and geographic range restricted to Poland, and two others (PlasmodiumSGS1 andLeucocytozoonCIAE02) represent generalist parasites with very broad host and geographic ranges. This study reinforces the existing evidence that terns host parasites from generaHaemoproteus,Plasmodium, andLeucocytozoononly sporadically.
Charge properties and fingerprints of some urban and peri-urban garden soils in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Neina Dora , Osei Bismark , Dodor Daniel Etsey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Urban soils are exposed to many pressures such as Urban and peri-urban gardening (UPG) that lead to environmental pollution. This study assessed charge properties of selected UPG soils in Accra, Ghana. Basic soil properties were measured using standard laboratory methods. Afterward, pH0 and charge fingerprints were measured in Whole soils (untreated soils) and Stripped soils (soils stripped of their native soil organic matter (SOM)) using the Gillman potentiometric titration method using CaCl2 and NH4NO3. The G soils were dominantly Acrisols with ferric properties except for two Vertisols. The soil properties were characteristic of the soil types with pH ranging from 5.5–7.6 and exchangeable acidity < 1 cmolc/kg, yielding CEC > ECEC values of 6.7–27.8 cmolc/kg. In both the Whole and Stripped soils, the δpH and the difference between the pH0 of the Whole (5.3–6.6) and the Stripped (5.6–6.9) soils and the Gillman field pH (pH(0.002)) showed that soils were negatively charged. The pH0 of the Whole and Stripped soils highlighted the importance of SOM in the charge properties, particularly in basic CEC. The charge properties depict the ability of soils to retain charged substances and ions introduced thereby restricting their mobility.
Acidification and increase of phosphorus levels in Pampean streams after 12 years of agricultural intensification
Authors: Feijoó Claudia , Hegoburu Cecilia , Messetta María Laura , Guerra-López José , Rigacci Laura , Anselmo Julieta , Franco Leonardo , Marcé Rafael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Agricultural intensification is a process that is still undergoing in many emergent economies. In the Pampas (central Argentina), the former low-external input farming was replaced by a model based on genetically modified crops and the intensive use of pesticides (mainly glyphosate) in the last decades. Here, we analyzed changes in water chemistry (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and carbonates) in 41 streams of Buenos Aires province between 2003/04 and 2015/16, and the impact of geology, soil type and land use change on water chemistry. We also used the SPARROW model to further analyze possible drivers of stream phosphorus loads. We observed modifications at reach scale in several streams, including changes in channel morphology, riparian vegetation and land use, and a moderate expansion of agriculture in most basins. Mean nitrate concentration did not significantly change between 2003/04 and 2015/16, and it was related to cropland cover in the basins. Dissolved phosphorus concentration increased in the streams, especially in the southern fluvial regions, but contrary to our expectations, phosphorus levels were not associated to land use but to pH. The SPARROW model also supported the link between water acidification and phosphorus concentration, and indicated that the whole basin acts as a phosphorus source. Possible explanations of fluvial acidification may be related to current agricultural practices, including higher inputs of labile carbon from croplands, soil acidification by nitrogenous fertilizers, and the generalized use of glyphosate. This highlights the necessity of adopting new agricultural paradigms to reduce the use of agrochemicals in Pampean basins.
Application, Utilization and Uptake of Artificial Insemination Technology to Smallholder Farmers in the Traditional Agro-Pastoral Livestock Farming System: A Case of Mpwapwa District in the Central Zone of Tanzania
Authors: Kabuni Kabuni Thomas , Komba Erick Vitus Gabriel , Kabululu Mwemezi , Mwalingo Malongo , Matimya Geofrey , Laven Richard , Parkinson Timothy , Peters Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cattle breeding in the central zone of Tanzania is largely by unproven homebred bulls, with very limited use of artificial insemination (AI). Hence, beef herds in the region remain largely unimproved, with relatively low genetic merit and productivity. An outreach program was developed by the Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI) to pilot AI service delivery to smallholder farmers in the central zone of Tanzania, with the objectives of: identifying the processes required to develop an AI service; and improving farmers’ understanding of the potential benefits to their herds through using AI. Smallholder farmers (100) in the Mpwapwa district of the Dodoma region of Tanzania were recruited into the program. 200 cows were involved in the programme composed of the following breeds: Mpwapwa (100), Tanzania Short-horned Zebu (70) and Boran (30). The AI bulls used were from Mpwapwa and Boran breeds kept at the National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC) in Tanzania, selected based on pedigree information and growth performance. All cows were synchronized prior to AI using a prostaglandin (PG)-based programme. Of the 200 cows, 110 cows were inseminated following oestrus observed after 1st PG, with 90 non-responding cows receiving a 2nd PG injection at day 11 with fixed time AI (FTAI) 72 hours later. Of the 200 cows, 110 (55%; 95%CI 48-62%) became pregnant to AI. Bulls were introduced into the herd for 60 days, starting 60 days after FTAI, with 80/90 cows (89%; 95%CI 81-94%) which did not get pregnant to AI becoming pregnant during this period. For widespread uptake of AI, the following issues need to be addressed: (i) the inability of farmers to accurately detect oestrus, probably necessitating use of low-cost whole herd FTAI programs; (ii) the dearth of trained AI technicians; and (iii) low background fertility of cows.
Association of dynamic change of triglyceride-glucose index during hospital stay with all- cause mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study from MIMIC IV2.0
Authors: Cheng Long , Zhang Feng , Xue Wenjing , Yu Peng , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Hairong , Wang Jun , Hu Tianyang , Gong Hui , Lin Li 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Biomarker of insulin resistance, namely triglyceride-glucose index, is potentially useful in identifying critically ill patients at high risk of hospital death. However, the TyG index might have variations over time during ICU stay. Hence, the purpose of the current research was to verify the associations between the dynamic change of the TyG index during the hospital stay and all-cause mortality.Methods The present retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.0 (MIMIC-IV) critical care dataset, which included data from 8,835 patients with 13,674 TyG measurements. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital all-cause mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, length of stay in the hospital. Cumulative curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Propensity score matching was performed to reduce any potential baseline bias. Restricted cubic spline analysis was also employed to assess any potential non-linear associations. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the association between the dynamic change of TyG index and mortality.Results The follow-up period identified a total of 3,010 all-cause deaths (35.87%), of which 2,477 (29.52%) occurred within the first year. The cumulative incidence of all-cause death increased with a higher quartile of the TyGVR, while there were no differences in the TyG index. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nearly linear association between TyGVR and the risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality (P for non-linear = 0.449, P for overall = 0.004) as well as 1-year all-cause mortality (P for non-linear = 0.909, P for overall = 0.019). The area under the curve of all-cause mortality by various conventional severity of illness scores significantly improved with the addition of the TyG index and TyGVR. The results were basically consistent in subgroup analysis.Conclusions Dynamic change of TyG during hospital stay is associated with in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality, and may be superior to the effect of baseline TyG index. By incorporating the dynamic change of the TyG index into clinical practice, clinicians can gain a more nuanced understanding of a patient's condition and tailor their treatment accordingly. This approach may lead to improved patient outcomes, reduced mortality rates, and more efficient use of healthcare resources.
Automating High-throughput Screening for Anthracnose Resistance in Common Bean Using Allele Specific PCR
Authors: Zaleski-Cox Marysia , Miklas Phillip N. , Soler-Garzón Alvaro , Hoyos-Villegas Valerio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) provide important protein and calories globally. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, 1889) is a major disease in common bean and causes significant yield losses in bean production areas. Screening for markers linked to known disease resistance genes provides useful information for plant breeders to develop improved common bean varieties. The Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay is an affordable genetic screening technique that can be used to accelerate breeding programs, but manual DNA extraction and KASP assay preparation are time-consuming. Several KASP markers have been developed for genes involved in resistance to bean anthracnose, which can reduce yield by up to 100%, but their usefulness is hindered by the labor required to screen a significant number of bean lines. Our research objective was to develop publicly available protocols for DNA extraction and KASP assaying using a liquid handling robot (LHR) which would facilitate high-throughput genetic screening with less active human time required. Anthracnose resistance markers were used to compare manual and automated results.
Results: The 12 bean anthracnose differential cultivars were screened for four anthracnose KASP markers linked to the resistance genes Co-1, Co-3 and Co-42 both by hand and with the use of an LHR. A protocol was written for DNA extraction and KASP assay thermocycling to implement the LHR. The LHR protocol reduced the active human screening time of 24 samples from 3h44 to 1h23. KASP calls were consistent across replicates but not always accurate for their known linked resistance genes, suggesting more specific markers still need to be developed. Using an LHR, information from KASP assays can be accumulated with little active human time.
Conclusion: Results suggest that LHRs can be used to expedite time-consuming and tedious lab work such as DNA extraction or PCR plate filling. Notably, LHRs can be used to prepare KASP assays for large sample sizes, facilitating higher throughput use of genetic marker screening tools.