bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standoff detection of bacterial spores by field deployable coherent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Coluccelli Nicola , Galzerano Gianluca , Laporta Paolo , Curtis Kelly , Lonsdale Claire L. , Padgen Debbie , Howle Christopher R. , Cerullo Giulio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVibrational spectroscopies offer great potential for standoff detection of chemical and biological warfare agents, avoiding contamination to the operator and equipment. Among them, particularly promising is Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy, using synchronized pump/Stokes laser pulses to set up a vibrational coherence of target molecules at a laser focus, which is read by further interaction with a probe pulse, resulting in the emission of a coherent beam detectable at a distance. CARS has previously demonstrated the capability to detect bacterial spores based on the Raman spectrum of the characteristic molecule calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA); however, a complex and bulky laser technology, which is only suitable for a laboratory environment, was employed. Here we develop a broadband CARS setup based on a compact, industrial grade ytterbium laser system. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise ratio detection ofBacillus atrophaeusspores at a concentration of 105cfu/mm2, at a standoff distance of 1 m, and an acquisition time of 1 s. Our system, which combines chemical specificity and sensitivity along with improved ruggedness and portability, paves the way to a new generation of instruments for real-world standoff detection of chemical and biological threats.
A small-dataset-trained deep learning framework for identifying atoms on transmission electron microscopy images
Authors: Chen Yuan , Liu Shangpeng , Tong Peiran , Huang Ying , Tian He , Lin Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo accurately identify atoms on noisy transmission electron microscope images, a deep learning (DL) approach is employed to estimate the map of probabilities at each pixel for being an atom with element discernment. Thanks to a delicately-designed loss function and the ability to extract features, the proposed DL networks can be trained by a small dataset created from approximately 30 experimental images, each with a size of 256 × 256 pixels2. The accuracy and robustness of the network were verified by resolving the structural defects of graphene and polar structures in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers from both the general TEM images and their imitated images on which intensities of some pixels lost randomly. Such a network has the potential to identify atoms from very few images of beam-sensitive material and explosive images recorded in a dynamical atomic process. The idea of using a small-dataset-trained DL framework to resolve a specific problem may prove instructive for practical DL applications in various fields.
Imaginary pills and open-label placebos can reduce test anxiety by means of placebo mechanisms
Authors: Buergler Sarah , Sezer Dilan , Bagge Niels , Kirsch Irving , Locher Cosima , Carvalho Claudia , Gaab Jens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlacebos have been shown to be beneficial for various conditions even if administered with full transparency. Hence, so-called open-label placebos (OLPs) offer a new way to harness placebo effects ethically. To take this concept one step further, this study aimed at evaluating placebo effects without the use of a physical placebo, i.e., by imagining taking a pill. Healthy students (N = 173) with self-reported test anxiety were either randomized to an imaginary pill (IP; n = 55), an OLP (n = 59) or a control group (CG; n = 59). Both intervention groups were instructed to take two pills daily for three weeks. Primary outcome was test anxiety, secondary outcomes were sleep quality, general well-being and test performance. Groups test anxiety differed at study-endpoint, F(2,169) = 11.50, p < .001. Test anxiety was lower in the intervention groups compared to the CG, t(169) = − 4.44, p < .001, d = − 0.71. The interventions did not differ significantly, i.e., both were similarly efficacious, t(169) = 0.61, p = .540, d = 0.11. The interaction between group and time in explaining test anxiety was significant, F(5,407.93) = 6.13, p < .001. OLPs and IPs reduced test anxiety in healthy participants compared to the CG. This finding opens the door for a novel and ethical method to harness placebo effects.
A multi-cation responsive Ni(ii)-supramolecular metallogel mimics a molecular keypad lockviareversible fluorescence switching
Authors: Singh Vaishali , Kala Shubhra , Rom Tanmay , Paul Avijit Kumar , Pandey Rampal 
Published: February 2023

Schiff base HL forms stable Ni(ii)-gel MG (differ from Ni(ii)-complex 1) with triethylamine that serves as reversible ON–OFF–ON fluorescent probe for Zn2+/Cu2+/Hg2+ and as sequence dependent molecular keypad lock to protect secret information.
Patienten-Online-Training zur Peritonealdialyse in häuslicher Umgebung während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Mikut Cornelia , Kitsche Benno 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Peritonealdialyse (PD) ist als Heimdialyseverfahren in kurzer Zeit erlernbar. Standardisierte Trainingsprozesse unterstützen dabei das medizinische Team in Organisation und Ablauf. Den Patienten und ihren Angehörigen geben sie Sicherheit. Ein entspanntes und ausgiebiges Patiententraining ohne Zeitdruck ist durch den Fachkräftemangel und die verdichtete Arbeitszeit jedoch kaum noch möglich. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, ob die heutige Technik eine Alternative bietet. Erste Ergebnisse zur Anwendung von Virtual Reality (VR) sind bereits in der Literatur beschrieben worden. Die VR-Brille wird dabei in das Patiententraining integriert, dennoch findet das Training innerhalb eines Zentrums oder zu Hause in Begleitung einer Trainingsfachperson statt. Ist es möglich, eine solche Schulung über große Entfernung auf Online-Plattformen wie Microsoft Teams oder Zoom sicher und nachhaltig durchzuführen? Die Qualifizierung von Fachkräften im Umgang mit solchen Möglichkeiten konnte bereits erprobt werden 1. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem KfH-Nierenzentrum Bad Nauheim (KfH: Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e. V.) wurde dieses Verfahren geprüft und umgesetzt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Grundlagen der Erwachsenenbildung, beschreibt die Herangehensweise an das Online-Training und schließt mit einem Fazit und Ausblick.
Action of Folliculinum 6cH on Folliculogenesis in the Snake Python Regius (Shaw, 1802) – Two Case Reports
Authors: Balbueno Melina Castilho de Souza , Martins Jéssica Amâncio , Coelho Cidéli de Paula 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Folliculinum is a homeopathic sarcode medication that is mainly used for regulating the estrous cycle and reproductive function. In snakes, it is common to observe low frequencies of reproduction. Ovulation is related to follicular size and morphology, and follicle homogeneity may indicate the absence of problems such as dystocia (egg retention) or follicular stasis.
Objective The objective of the present study was to report on follicular stage changes in two ball pythons, Python regius (Shaw, 1802), which were treated using Folliculinum 6cH in a zoological park setting.
Methods Two female pythons – one weighing 2.8 kg, the other weighing 2.5 kg, and neither with a history of reproduction – were examined by ultrasound to enable viewing of ovarian follicles in different phases and sizes. Folliculinum 6cH, two globules diluted in 200 mL of water, was administered, targeted to the eyes and nostril regions.
Results Even given the slow metabolism of reptiles, ultrasound revealed an improvement in follicle homogeneity between 6 and 15 days after the start of homeopathy in both snakes; there was also improved weight gain in both animals. The MOdified NARanjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score was +8 in each of the cases, suggesting a causal relationship between the use of homeopathic medicine and clinical outcome.
Conclusion Folliculinum 6cH may have promoted stabilization of follicle size and enabled folliculogenesis in two ball pythons.
Historical Perspectives: Malignancy in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Williams Hannah , Steinhagen Randolph M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile both Crohn' disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are known to predispose patients to certain intestinal malignancies, the exact mechanism of carcinogenesis remains unknown and optimal screening guidelines have not been established. This article will explore the history of our understanding of intestinal malignancy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To contextualize the medical community's difficulty in linking each condition to cancer, the first section will review the discovery of CD and UC. Next, we discuss early attempts to define IBD's relationship with small bowel adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. The article concludes with a review of each disease's surgical history and the ways in which certain procedures produced poor oncologic outcomes.
English translation of Chinese calligraphic aesthetics
Authors: Song Ge 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chinese calligraphy, which distinctively represents traditional Chinese culture, contains many culture-specific
aesthetic terms that pose a translation challenge requiring creative cross-cultural strategies. This study presents several
English translations for four key Chinese aesthetic terms on calligraphy, namely shi 勢 (roughly translated as “vital force” or “energy”),
yun 韻 (once translated as
“rhythmic life” or “life movement”), fei bai 飛白 (“flying white” or “hollow strokes”) and jibai-danghei 計白當黑 (literally: treating white areas like black ink). It examines
their effectiveness in facilitating cross-cultural understanding and maximizing cultural authenticity. This article points out
that most of these terms have been adequately contextualized in English over the past century, even though some are rendered in
English using terms borrowed from Western art history. This shows how cultural translation, the theoretical basis of this study,
comes into play when dealing with Chinese aesthetic terms in calligraphy.
Enhanced luminescence sensing performance and increased intrachain order in blended films of P3HT and cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Alam Kazi M , Garcia John C , Kiriakou Michael V , Chaulagain Narendra , Vrushabendrakumar Damini , Cranston Emily D , Gusarov Sergey , Kobryn Alexander E , Shankar Karthik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Blended films comprising poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), exhibited more intense photoluminescence (PL) and longer PL emission lifetimes compared to pristine P3HT films. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra indicated reduced torsional disorder i.e. enhanced backbone planarity in the P3HT@CNC blended composites compared to the bare P3HT. Such molecule-level geometrical modification resulted in both smaller interchain and higher intrachain exciton bandwidth in the blended composites compared to the bare P3HT, because of reduced interchain interactions and enhanced intrachain order. These results indicate a potential switch of the aggregation behavior from dominant H-aggregates to J-aggregates, supported by Raman spectroscopy. The reorganization of micromolecular structure and concomitant macroscopic aggregation of the conjugated polymer chains resulted in a longer conjugation length for the P3HT@CNC blended composites compared to the bare P3HT. Additionally, this nanoscale morphological change produced a reduction in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of the blends, evidenced from optical absorption spectra. Classical molecular dynamics simulation studies predicted the probability of enhanced planarity in the polymer backbone following interactions with CNC surfaces. Theoretical results from density functional theory calculations corroborate the experimentally observed reduction of optical bandgap in the blends compared to bare P3HT. The blended composite outperformed the bare P3HT in nitro-group PL sensing tests with a pronounced difference in the reaction kinetics. While the PL quenching dynamics for bare P3HT followed Stern–Volmer kinetics, the P3HT@CNC blended composite exhibited a drastic deviation from the same. This work shows the potential of a functionalized rod-like biopolymer in tuning the optoelectronic properties of a technologically important polymeric organic semiconductor through control of the nanoscale morphology.
SchizoNET: a robust and accurate Margenau–Hill time-frequency distribution based deep neural network model for schizophrenia detection using EEG signals
Authors: Khare Smith K , Bajaj Varun , Acharya U Rajendra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe chronic illness characterized by delusions, cognitive dysfunctions, and hallucinations that impact feelings, behaviour, and thinking. Timely detection and treatment of SZ are necessary to avoid long-term consequences. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are one form of a biomarker that can reveal hidden changes in the brain during SZ. However, the EEG signals are non-stationary in nature with low amplitude. Therefore, extracting the hidden information from the EEG signals is challenging. Approach. The time-frequency domain is crucial for the automatic detection of SZ. Therefore, this paper presents the SchizoNET model combining the Margenau–Hill time-frequency distribution (MH-TFD) and convolutional neural network (CNN). The instantaneous information of EEG signals is captured in the time-frequency domain using MH-TFD. The time-frequency amplitude is converted to two-dimensional plots and fed to the developed CNN model. Results. The SchizoNET model is developed using three different validation techniques, including holdout, five-fold cross-validation, and ten-fold cross-validation techniques using three separate public SZ datasets (Dataset 1, 2, and 3). The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 97.4%, 99.74%, and 96.35% on Dataset 1 (adolescents: 45 SZ and 39 HC subjects), Dataset 2 (adults: 14 SZ and 14 HC subjects), and Dataset 3 (adults: 49 SZ and 32 HC subjects), respectively. We have also evaluated six performance parameters and the area under the curve to evaluate the performance of our developed model. Significance. The SchizoNET is robust, effective, and accurate, as it performed better than the state-of-the-art techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to explore three publicly available EEG datasets for the automated detection of SZ. Our SchizoNET model can help neurologists detect the SZ in various scenarios.
Crystal structure and magnetic property correlations in Ba1−x
Sr
x
Fe12O19 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) hexaferrites
Authors: Palliyan Annarose J , Gorige Venkataiah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper reports a comprehensive study on the structure-property correlations in strontium-substituted barium hexaferrite and their suitability for possible applications at room temperature. A series of samples, Ba1−x
Sr
x
Fe12O19 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) synthesized by citrate-based sol-gel auto-combustion technique, were characterized by various physicochemical characterization techniques. The x-ray diffraction data of these samples ensure the single-phase formation and the variation of crystallographic parameters as a function of strontium substitution was discussed. The decrease in lattice parameters with increasing strontium (x) substitution ensures the applicability of Vegard’s law for the present system. The scanning electron micrographs reveal some of the grains in hexagonal shape in these samples. Raman data revealed the interconnection between magnetic ion site occupancies and the corresponding magnetization contributions, thereby ensuring the structure-property correlations in these samples. As these hexaferrites consist of layers of (ferro- and antiferro-) magnetic domains, the sub-lattice magnetic contributions were estimated by fitting the magnetic hysteresis loops (M − H) data using theoretical models. The magnetization versus temperature (M − T) graphs confirmed the above room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior. This study clearly reveals that proper tuning of their structural properties can result in optimal magnetic properties, making them suitable for permanent magnet and room-temperature magnetic device applications.
Generalized gauge transformation and the corresponding Hermitian counterparts of SU(1, 1), SU(2) pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians
Authors: Liu Ni , Gu Yan , Liang J-Q 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study in this paper both the stationary and time-dependent pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians consisting respectively of SU(1, 1), SU(2) generators. The pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians can be generated from kernel Hermitian-Hamiltonians by a generalized gauge transformation with a non-unitary but Hermitian operator. The metric operator of the biorthogonal sets of eigenstates is simply the square of the transformation operator, which is formulated explicitly. The exact solutions of pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians are obtained in terms of the eigenststates of the Hermitian counterparts. We observe a critical point G

c
of coupling constant, where all eigenstates of the stationary Hamiltonians are degenerate with a vanishing eigenvalue. This critical point is modified as G

c
(ω) in the time-dependent case including the frequency of external field. Returning to the original gauge we obtain analytically the wave functions and associated non-adiabatic Berry phase, which diverges at the critical point for the SU(2)Hamiltonian. Beyond the critical point Berry phase becomes a complex domain.
Spatial radiation features of the off-axis collision between a relativistic electron and a tightly focused linearly polarized laser
Authors: Yang Qingyu , Wang Yubo , Cao Yifei , Li Jingwen , Tian Youwei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The collision between relativistic electrons and a tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulse produced nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering (NITS), which generates backward x-rays. The effects of the initial transverse position of electrons with varied initial energy on the angular distribution of radiation power and spectrum are studied through numerical simulation. For the electrons with low initial energy (i.e.

2.56

MeV

), the off-axis collision breaks the spatial symmetry of x-ray radiation compared with the axial collision, the radiation direction is also torqued towards the same off-axis direction. There exists an optimal initial transverse position of electrons, which means the electron emitted from this position obtains greater radiation power. For the high-energy (

>
10

MeV

) electrons, the effect of torsion is not significant. The impact of off-axial is mainly manifested in the high-order harmonic spectrum. These findings help obtain high quality x-rays and modulate NITS radiation symmetry by electron parameters.
Simulation results for a low energy nuclear recoil yields measurement in liquid xenon using the MiX detector
Authors: Amarasinghe C.S. , Coronel R. , Huang D.Q. , Liu Y. , Arthurs M. , Steinfeld S. , Gaitskell R. , Lorenzon W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Measuring the scintillation and ionization yields of liquid xenon in response to ultra-low energy nuclear recoil events is necessary to increase the sensitivity of liquid xenon experiments to light dark matter. Neutron capture on xenon can be used to produce nuclear recoil events with energies below 0.3 keVNR via the asymmetric emission of γ rays during nuclear de-excitation. The feasibility of an ultra-low energy nuclear recoil measurement using neutron capture was investigated for the Michigan Xenon (MiX) detector, a small dual-phase xenon time projection chamber that is optimized for a high scintillation gain. Simulations of the MiX detector, a partial neutron moderator, and a pulsed neutron generator indicate that a population of neutron capture events can be isolated from neutron scattering events. Further, the rate of neutron captures in the MiX detector was optimized by varying the thickness of the partial neutron moderator, neutron pulse width, and neutron pulse frequency.
Light detection with power and signal transmission over fiber
Authors: Souza H.V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a next generation long baseline (1300 km) neutrino oscillation experiment. The neutrino beam measurements will be performed by a near detector and far detector. The far detector will consist of four modules, installed 1.5 km deep underground, based on Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology to detect particles. The Vertical Drift (VD) LArTPC is a recent technology proposed by the DUNE collaboration for the second FD module. In VD, light collection will be optimized by embedding photon detectors within the LArTPC cathode, which is biased at −300 kV. As a result, power must arrive to the Photon Detection System and signal must be transmitted via non-conductive material. The proposed solution is to use Power-over-Fiber and Signal-over-Fiber. An intense validation of the system is being performed by the collaboration at the CERN Neutrino Platform. The design of the system and the results of the validation collected over the first half of 2022 are presented here.
STRV — a radiation hard RISC-V microprocessor for high-energy physics applications
Authors: Walsemann A. , Karagounis M. , Stanitzki A. , Tutsch D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While microprocessors are used in various applications, they are precluded from the use in high-energy physics applications due to the harsh radiation present. To overcome this limitation a microprocessor design must withstand high doses of radiation and mitigate radiation induced soft errors. A TMR protection scheme is applied to protect a RISC-V microprocessor core against these faults. The protection of the integrated SRAM by an independent scrubbing algorithm is discussed. Initial irradiation results and power consumption measurements of the radiation-resistant RISC-V microprocessor implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology are presented.
Multi-annual predictions of the frequency and intensity of daily temperature and precipitation extremes
Authors: Delgado-Torres Carlos , Donat Markus , Soret Albert , Gonzalez-Reviriego Nube , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Ho An-Chi , Pérez-Zanón Núria , Samsó Margarida , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The occurrence of extreme climate events in the coming years is modulated by both global warming and internal climate variability. Anticipating changes in frequency and intensity of such events in advance may help minimize the impact on climate-vulnerable sectors and society. Decadal climate predictions have been developed as a source of climate information relevant for decision-making at multi-annual timescales. We evaluate the multi-model forecast quality of the CMIP6 decadal hindcasts in predicting a set of indices measuring different characteristics of temperature and precipitation extremes for the forecast years 1-5. The multi-model ensemble skillfully predicts the temperature extremes over most land regions, while the skill is more limited for precipitation extremes. We further compare the prediction skill for these extreme indices to the skill for mean temperature and precipitation, finding that the extreme indices are predicted with lower skill, particularly those representing the most extreme days. We find only small and region-dependent improvements from model initialization in comparison to historical forcing simulations. This systematic evaluation of decadal hindcasts is essential when providing a climate service based on decadal predictions so that the user is informed on the trustworthiness of the forecasts for each specific region and extreme event.