bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified ACDF Technique for the Treatment of Centrum Focal Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Case Report
Authors: Xue Jing‐lai , Xue Huo‐huo , Cui Wei‐liang , Xiao Jing , Liao Zhong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAnterior cervical discectomy fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure used to treat cervical spondylosis with anterior spinal cord compression. However, there are limitations to traditional ACDF and posterior indirect decompression when the anterior source lesion is in the center of the cervical vertebra.Case PresentationOn June 8, 2022, our department treated a patient with cervical spondylotic myelopathy—whose high posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) occupied the central position of the vertebral body—with modified ACDF. The preoperative surgical plan was designed based on the relevant imaging data and assay index. Also, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and imaging parameters of neck pain were recorded and compared. Postoperative imaging data showed that cervical curvature was recovered and spinal canal compression was relieved. The VAS score for neck pain decreased from 7 preoperatively to 1.5 at the last follow‐up, while the JOA score increased from 10 preoperatively to 29 at the last follow‐up. The volume of the spinal canal was restored. Simultaneously, the patient's extremity muscle strength improved and muscle tension decreased.ConclusionsModified ACDF may be an effective surgical method for resolving spinal cord compression in a specific location when bone mineral density is good. We can effectively avoid iatrogenic nerve injury and symptom recurrence by removing the vertebral body and the lesion directly.
Addressing fragmented human–nonhuman interactions through anubuntu‘mixed’ ethics
Authors: Samuel Olusegun Steven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I address human‐induced environmental ills we face using anubuntu‐inspired ethical lens. I followubuntuscholars to stress the significance for moral agents to embody virtues. Virtue development is essential to carry out obligations and address human impacts on the environment. Thaddeus Metz, in particular, has drawn attention to how embodyingubuntuvirtues of humility and friendliness can prompt moral agents to be other‐regarding.The viewI developed in this paper differs from hisubuntu‐inspired account in at least two significant ways. First, humans cannot be in harmonious relationships with some species such as Black Mambas, Hyenas and sea urchins even if they can interact. Second, we must acknowledge the consequentialist dimension ofubuntuethics and prioritise the different aspects ofubuntu‘mixed’ ethics, ranking them to offer possibilities for a more realistic recommendation to change our moral life. This paper demonstrates that the three dimensions ofubuntu‘mixed’ ethics are fundamental because we need to think about moral consequences, right action and our virtue in accounting for our actions.
MtEIN2 affects nitrate uptake and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments under phosphate and nitrate deficiency in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zeng Ming , van Dam Nicole M. , Hause Bettina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthylene (ET) controls many facets of plant growth and development under abiotic and biotic stresses. MtEIN2, as a critical element of the ET signaling pathway, is essential in biotic interactions. However, the role of MtEIN2 in responding to abiotic stress, such as combined nutrient deficiency, is less known. To assess the role of ethylene signaling in nutrient uptake, we manipulated nitrate (NO3−) and phosphate (Pi) availability for wild‐type (WT) and the ethylene‐insensitive (MtEIN2‐defective) mutant, sickle, in Medicago truncatula. We measured leaf biomass and photosynthetic pigments in WT and sickle to identify conditions leading to different responses in both genotypes. Under combined NO3− and Pi deficiency, sickle plants had higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents than WT plants. Under these conditions, nitrate content and gene expression levels of nitrate transporters were higher in the sickle mutant than in the WT. This led to the conclusion that MtEIN2 is associated with nitrate uptake and the content of photosynthetic pigments under combined Pi and NO3−deficiency in M. truncatula. We conclude that ethylene perception plays a critical role in regulating the nutrient status of plants.
A Data Augmentation Method for Data-Driven Component Segmentation of Engineering Drawings
Authors: Zhang Wentai , Joseph Joe , Chen Quan , Koz Can , Xie Liuyue , Regmi Amit , Yamakawa Soji , Furuhata Tomotake , Shimada Kenji , Kara Levent Burak 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a new data generation method to facilitate an automatic machine interpretation of 2D engineering part drawings. While such drawings are a common medium for clients to encode design and manufacturing requirements, a lack of computer support to automatically interpret these drawings necessitates part manufacturers to resort to laborious manual approaches for interpretation which, in turn, severely limits processing capacity. Although recent advances in trainable computer vision methods may enable automatic machine interpretation, it remains challenging to apply such methods to engineering drawings due to a lack of labeled training data. As one step toward this challenge, we propose a constrained data synthesis method to generate an arbitrarily large set of synthetic training drawings using only a handful of labeled examples. Our method is based on the randomization of the dimension sets subject to two major constraints to ensure the validity of the synthetic drawings. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated in the context of a binary component segmentation task with a proposed list of descriptors. An evaluation of several image segmentation methods trained on our synthetic dataset shows that our approach to new data generation can boost the segmentation accuracy and the generalizability of the machine learning models to unseen drawings.
Efficacy assessment of Neoseiulus cucumeris at different release rates in control of Frankliniella occidentalis on rose plants under laboratory and microcosm conditions
Authors: Yari Samaneh , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Farazmand Azadeh , Rashed Arash , Fathipour Yaghoub 
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of predators in suppressing prey populations is known to be influenced by the predator-prey release ratio. The efficacy of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) against Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergand) in the presence or absence of Tetranychus urticae Koch and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot on rose plants was evaluated in the present study. The decrease of F. occidentalis populations was compared at the six predator:prey ratios of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, and 1:100 in the laboratory, and at the three release rates of 20, 40, and 100 predators per m2 in microcosm conditions. The plants without predators were considered as controls. All treatments with the release of N. cucumeris resulted in a significant decrease in F. occidentalis larval population compared to the control. The most suppression (84.5%) of F. occidentalis larvae was observed in the release rate of 100 adults of N. cucumeris per m2 in 30 days after the release of the predator. Predator ratios of 1:2 and 1:5 of N. cucumeris: F. occidentalis resulted in a 94.6 and 93.4% decrease in F. occidentalis larvae after 24 hours, respectively. The presence of T. urticae (as a competitor herbivore) and P. persimilis had no effect on the efficiency of N. cucumeris in the suppression of F. occidentalis. The dense webs of T. urticae decreased the efficiency of N. cucumeris at predator:prey ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 more than1:2. This study showed that the release of 100 adults of N. cucumeris per m2 would be sufficient to control F. occidentalis larvae on rose plants. Moreover, we demonstrated that higher release rates of N.cucumeris are needed when T. urticae’s dense webs are present.
Early initiation of breast feeding and associated factors among mother-baby dyads with immediate skin-to-skin contact: cross-sectional study based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Mengistu Girma Teferi , Mengistu Bizunesh Kefale 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the practice of early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF) and associated factors among mother-baby dyads who practiced immediate skin-to-skin contact in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted nationally in nine regional states and two city administrations.ParticipantsIn the study, 1420 mother-baby dyads with last-born children (children born in the 2 years preceding the survey, children <24 months old) and children put on the mother’s bare skin. The data of the study participants were extracted from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016.Outcome measuresThe outcome measure of the study was the proportion of EIBF among mother-baby dyads and associations.ResultsEIBF among mothers and newborns with skin-to-skin contact was 88.8% (95% CI 87.2 to 90.4). EIBF among mother-baby dyads with immediate skin-to-skin contact was more likely among mothers from wealthy families (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.37, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.08), attended secondary and above education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.57), living in Oromia (AOR=2.87, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.46), Harari (AOR=11.60, 95% CI 2.48 to 24.34) and Dire Dawa (AOR=2.93, 95% CI 1.04 to 8.23) regions, gave birth by non-caesarean section (AOR=3.34, 95% CI 1.33 to 8.39), gave birth at hospital (AOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.00), and health centre (AOR=2.19, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.98), and gave birth by midwifery assistance (AOR=1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.49).ConclusionNine in ten mother-baby dyads with immediate skin-to-skin contact early initiate breast feeding. The EIBF was affected by educational status, wealth index, region, mode of delivery, place of delivery and delivery assisted by midwifery. Improving healthcare service, institutional delivery and the competency of maternal healthcare providers may aid the EIBF in Ethiopia.
Women and health professionals’ perspectives on a conditional cash transfer programme to improve pregnancy follow-up: a qualitative analysis of the NAITRE randomised controlled study
Authors: Bardou Marc , Meunier-Beillard Nicolas , Godard-Marceau Aurélie , Deruelle Philippe , Virtos Claude , Eckman-Lacroix Astrid , Debras Elodie , Schmitz Thomas 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesWomen of low socioeconomic status have been described as having suboptimal prenatal care, which in turn has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Many types of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been developed, including programmes to improve prenatal care or smoking cessation during pregnancy, and their effects demonstrated. However, ethical critiques have included paternalism and lack of informed choice. Our objective was to determine if women and healthcare professionals (HPs) shared these concerns.DesignProspective qualitative research.SettingWe included economically disadvantaged women, as defined by health insurance data, who participated in the French NAITRE randomised trial assessing a CCT programme during prenatal follow-up to improve pregnancy outcomes. The HP worked in some maternities participating in this trial.Participants26 women, 14 who received CCT and 12 who did not, mostly unemployed (20/26), and - 7 HPs.InterventionsWe conducted a multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study among women and HPs who participated in the NAITRE Study to assess their views on CCT. The women were interviewed after childbirth.ResultsWomen did not perceive CCT negatively. They did not mention feeling stigmatised. They described CCT as a significant source of aid for women with limited financial resources. HP described the CCT in less positive terms, for example, expressing concern about discussing cash transfer at their first medical consultation with women. Though they emphasised ethical concerns about the basis of the trial, they recognised the importance of evaluating CCT.ConclusionsIn France, a high-income country where prenatal follow-up is free, HPs were concerned that the CCT programme would change their relationship with patients and wondered if it was the best use of funding. However, women who received a cash incentive said they did not feel stigmatised and indicated that these payments helped them prepare for their baby’s birth.Trial registration numberNCT02402855
Nutritional and dietary diversity status of under-5 children and adolescent girls among forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals living in Bhasan Char relocation camp, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Das Subhasish , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Rasul Md Golam , Afrin Sazia , Alam Md Ashraful , Uz Zaman Mahabub , Chowdhury Morseda , Arifeen Shams El , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo generate baseline evidence regarding the nutritional and dietary diversity status of under-5 children and adolescent girls among forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals (FDMN) relocated to Bhasan Char relocation camp of Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingBhasan Char relocation camp, Bangladesh, 7 November 2021–12 November 2021.Participants299 under-5 children (both male and female) and 248 adolescent girls (11-17 years) were surveyed.Outcome measuresAnthropometric indices and nutritional status of the study participants.ResultsNearly 17% of the adolescent girls were suffering from severe thinness/thinness, while 5% were overweight/obese. Severe thinness was more prevalent (2% vs 3.9%) in older adolescents (15–17 years) than their younger counterparts (11–14 years). The prevalence of severe stunting and stunting in adolescents were 14% (95% CI 11.21 to 16.87%) and 29% (95% CI 25.93 to 31.59%), respectively. One-third of the surveyed under-5 children were severely (8.50% (95% CI 5.60 to 11.33%)) or moderately (23.08% (95% CI 20.24 to 25.90%)) stunted, 27% were either severely (4.43% (95% CI 1.60 to 7.27%)) or moderately (22.98% (95% CI 20.15 to 25.81%)) underweight and 12% were severely (1.21% (95% CI 0.00 to 4.04%)) or moderately (10.88% (95% CI 8.05 to 13.72%)) wasted. The prevalence of moderate and severe acute malnutrition in children was low. Surveyed adolescents took a mean of 3.10 (SD 1.03) of nine food groups and 25% (95% CI 22.97 to 28.64%) of under-5 children took minimum diversified diet. The survey respondents mostly consumed carbohydrate-based poorly diversified diets. Nutritional status of the participants did not show any statistically significant association to the dietary diversity status.ConclusionA significant number of surveyed under-5 children and adolescent girls of relocated FDMN living in Bhasan Char of Bangladesh were suffering from thinness, stunting, underweight and wasting. Dietary diversity was poor among the surveyed population.
Efficacy and safety of apalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (GENESIS): protocol for a multicentre, open-label, single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Kakei Yasumasa , Nakano Yuzo , Terakawa Tomoaki , Miyakoda Keiko , Harada Kenichi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThis is a multicentre, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Methods and analysisThe trial will be performed at 4 university hospitals and 14 city hospitals in Japan. The target number of patients will be 110. The patients will be orally administered 240 mg apalutamide once daily during the treatment period. The primary outcome is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. PSA response is defined as ≥50% decline from baseline at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes are time to PSA progression, progression-free survival, overall survival, progression-free survival during second therapy, ≥50% decline in PSA from baseline at 24 and 48 weeks, ≥90% decline in PSA from baseline or lower PSA detection sensitivity after the initial dose at 12, 24 and 48 weeks, PSA maximal changes, accumulated PSA response from screening to 24 and 48 weeks, and grade 3 or 4 adverse events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Certified Research Review Board of Kobe University (No. CRB5180009). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated through scientific and professional conferences and peer-reviewed journal publications. The datasets generated during the study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Trial registration numberjRCTs051220077.
Characteristics of immunisation support programmes in Canada: a scoping review and environmental scan
Authors: Kelly Katherine Jennifer , Mears Kim , Doak Sarah , Macartney Gail , Burns Margie , Loo Janet , Michael Laurie , Jia Bei Bei , Montelpare William 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo identify, characterise and map the existing knowledge about programmes that provide immunisation support to Canadians and barriers and facilitators to their delivery.DesignScoping review and environmental scan.IntroductionVaccine hesitancy may be associated with unmet support needs of individuals. Immunisation support programmes that provide multicomponent approaches can improve vaccine confidence and equitable access.Inclusion criteriaCanadian programmes that focus on providing information about immunisation for the general public, but excluding articles targeting health professionals. The primary concept involves mapping the characteristics of programmes and our secondary concept examines barriers and facilitators to programme delivery.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology guided this review, reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A search strategy was developed and translated for six databases in November 2021 (updated October 2022). Unpublished literature was identified through the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Grey Matters checklist and other relevant sources. Stakeholders (n=124) from Canadian regional health authorities were also contacted by email for publicly accessible information. Two independent raters screened and extracted data from identified material. Results are presented in tabular form.ResultsThe search strategy and environmental scan resulted in 15 287 sources. A total of 161 full-text sources were reviewed after applying eligibility criteria, resulting in 50 articles. Programmes were delivered in multiple Canadian provinces, focusing on various vaccine types. All programmes aimed to increase vaccine uptake and were mostly provided in person. Multidisciplinary delivery teams based on collaborations among multiple entities were credited as a facilitator to programme delivery across settings. Limitations on programme resources, attitudes of programme staff and participants, and systems organisation were identified as barriers to delivery.ConclusionsThis review highlighted characteristics of immunisation support programmes across various settings and described multiple facilitators and barriers. These findings can inform future interventions that aim to support Canadians in making decisions about immunisation.
Exploring the implementation and evaluation of a distributed leadership model within a Scottish, integrated health and care context
Authors: Leask Calum F , Macleod Sandra 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundHealth and care systems are facing unprecedented challenges, exacerbated by wicked issues that have no single solution and are complex to solve. It has recently been suggested that how such systems are structured (ie, in hierarchies) may not be the most effective approach to tackling these issues. Increasing calls have been made for senior leaders within these systems to adopt structures that emphasise leadership as a distributed endeavour as an approach to foster greater collaboration and enhance innovation. Here, the implementation and evaluation of a distributed leadership model within a Scottish, integrated health and care context is described.MethodsAberdeen City Health & Social Care Partnership’s leadership team (N=17 as of time in 2021) have been operating in a flat, distributed leadership model since 2019. The model is characterised by a 4P approach (professional; performance; personal development and peer support). The evaluation approach was a national healthcare survey administered at three time points and a further evaluation questionnaire specifically assessing constructs associated with high-performing teams.ResultsResults indicated that staff satisfaction increased 3 years into the flat structure (mean score=7.7/10) compared with the traditional, hierarchal structure (mean score=5.18/10). Respondents were agreeable that the model had increased autonomy (67% agreeableness); collaboration (81% agreeableness) and creativity (67% agreeableness)ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that a flat, distributed leadership model is preferable to a traditional, hierarchal leadership model within this context. Future work should aim to explore the impact that this model has on the effectiveness of planning and delivering integrated care services.
Differential plasma branched-chain amino acid responses following the consumption of Greek-style yogurt and skimmed milk
Authors: Brown J.K. , Perry C.G.R. , Prior E.T. , Phillips S.M. , Skelly L.E. , Josse A.R. 
Published: March 2023

We examined postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in blood for 4 h following the consumption of two isonitrogenous doses (2 × 20 g protein) of Greek-style yogurt (GY) and skimmed milk (MILK) in young males. Peak leucine and BCAA concentrations and areas under the curve were greater after GY versus MILK, and time to maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between conditions. We demonstrated that different protein-matched wholefood dairy products elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses.
On the effect of soil water saturation on buried steel pipe responses under external load
Authors: Zhang Yadong , Wong Ron Chik-Kwong 
Published: March 2023

Soil water saturation affects soil behavior when subjected to external loads and thus buried pipe deformation. To investigate this effect, full-scale tests were conducted on a buried steel pipe with a diameter of 600 mm. The deformed pipe ring transforms from a “heart” shape into an inclined “heart” shape due to the load redistribution within the soil after increasing soil water saturation. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model was created and validated based on the experimental data. A parametric study was thereafter performed to investigate the impact of factors including soil water saturation, cover depth, and pipe wall-thickness on buried pipe responses when subjected to external loads. Soil might be simply modeled as a linear elastic material at a large cover depth (>0.6 m) or a water saturation < 80%. Soil plasticity should be considered at a relatively low cover depth (≤0.6 m) and a high water saturation (≥80%). The pipe circumferential stress is inversely proportional to the square of pipe wall-thickness when the pipe–soil stiffness ratio is equal to or greater than 0.13.