bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Compare the Accuracy of 0.022 Inch Slot of Stainless Steel and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets Marketed by Different Manufacturers
Authors: Divya Perumallapalli , Banswada Santosh Reddy , Kukunuru Shilpa Reddy , Kavya Keerthi B. , Rathod R. Ravi , Polavarapu Keerthi Chowdary 
Published: February 2023

Aim of the Study:
The aim of the present study was to analyze the accuracy of 0.022 inch slot of stainless steel and ceramic orthodontic brackets marketed by different manufacturers.

Materials and Methods:
An in vitro study was done on upper left central incisor bracket of MBT 0.022 slot of American orthodontics (AO), 3M Unitek, Ormco with each 20 of stainless steel and ceramic brackets divided into six groups, and the total sample was 120. The brackets were scanned with stereo microscope of Magnus Company and Image Pro plus analysis software was used to evaluate the mesial face and base, distal face and base.

Results:
Comparison in between the groups of stainless steel showed that 3M Unitek brackets showed higher slot widths as compared to AO and Ormco which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Comparison in between the groups of ceramic brackets of AO brackets showed higher slot widths as compared to Ormco and 3M Unitek ceramic brackets which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
By this study, there was a difference between stated values and measured values of brackets displaying inaccuracies in dimension. A clear impreciseness about the appliance could be needed during the finishing and detailing stage to avoid loss of torque control due to slot oversize and the divergence of slot walls.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Property of Amla on Bond Strength and Color Stability of Power Bleached Teeth
Authors: Gupta Shweta , Shankar Parinitha Mysore , Bannimath Gurupadayya , Doddawad Vidya G , Annapoorna B M 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Objective: To assess the antioxidant property of 10% amla extract in reversing the compromised bond strength and to assess the antioxidant property of 10% amla extract and Elsenz on the color stability of power bleached teeth.

Materials and Methods:
Ninty extracted single-rooted maxillary anterior were collected and divided as follows: The labial surfaces of 30 samples were subjected to power bleaching after which the samples were divided into three groups– Group I (control), Group II (antioxidant amla), and Group III (Elsenz) with n = 10 in each which were then stained with a coffee solution for 10 mins. The color difference was recorded with a colorimeter at baseline, after bleaching, after 7, and after 15 days of staining. sixty specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) as following: Group I (immediate bonding); Group II (bleaching + immediate bonding); Group III (bleaching + antioxidant and immediate bonding); Group IV (bleaching + 1 week storage + antioxidant + bonding); Group V (bleaching + 2 week storage + antioxidant + bonding); Group VI (bleaching + 2 week storage + bonding). All the specimens were tested for shear bond strength in universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test.

Results:

Conclusion:
Elsenz showed the least staining followed by artificial saliva. 10% Amla extract neither was effective in preventing staining of power bleached enamel nor in restoring the poor bond strength of power bleached enamel.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Mandibular Permanent First Molars Reinforced with Diagonal Horizontal Postdesign
Authors: Venkataraman Karunakaran Jeyaraman , Venkatapathi Aravindhan , Balasubramanian Sathyanarayanan , Palanivelu Chandrika Ramanathan , Swaminathan Senthil Kumar , Samuel Leo Sujith , Thanapathi Sathya 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
This study aims to compare fracture resistance of mandibular first molars reinforced with diagonally placed horizontal posts after endodontic therapy.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two mandibular first molar teeth were selected, standardized, divided into four groups (GP) – GP I (endodontically treated-no post)), GP II (horizontal post-buccolingual), GP III (horizontal postdiagonal), and GP IV (natural teeth). The individual teeth were mounted on bases, coded, and suitably prepared for the facture testing procedure.

Results:
Buccolingual type of fracture was the most common among the experimental groups with a percentage of incidence of 37.50%. The cuspal type of fracture was the next most common with a percentage of incidence of 25.0%. The incidence of mesiodistal, comminuted, and proximal type of fractures was also observed and had a percentage of incidence of 9.38%, 9.38%, and 9.38%, respectively. Group IV had the highest fracture resistance with a mean value of 1279.82 (N). Group I, Group II, and Group III had mean values of 684.16(N), 756.84(N), and 758.17(N), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between Gp IV and Gp (I–III) in load values of root fracture (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that diagonally placed horizontal postdesign has a higher resistance to facture when compared to buccolingually place horizontal postdesign and root canal treated non postgroup. These designs have the potential to be a conservative postendodontic management option. Further evaluation of different horizontal postdesigns and assessment in a clinical setting is recommended.
To Evaluate the Prevalence of Edentulousness, the Present Prosthetic Status, and the Need for Prosthetic Treatment in the Population of Garhwa, Jharkhand
Authors: Mishra Amit Kumar , Thakur Manoj Kumar , Madihalli Anand Uday , Piplani Ankita , Atreya Roseneel , Jain Arvind 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of edentulousness, the present prosthetic status, and the need for prosthetic treatment in the population of Garhwa, Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the population of Garhwa, Jharkhand. The sample size included 460 subjects belonging to an age group of 25 years and above. Detailed case history and thorough dental examination was done and all the findings were recorded and compiled. Each subject was interrogated with the help of a predesigned closed ended questionnaire.

Results:
A total of six patients were completely edentulous, while 55.04% of males and 42.80% of females were partially edentulous. All patients who were completely edentulous were denture wearer, while among partially edentulous patients, 6.31% of males and 3.15% of females had RPD and 13.68% and 6.31% of males and females, respectively, had FPD as prosthesis. Prosthetic status of females was better than males In a comparison of prosthetic status between male and female, out of 460 subjects, 195 subjects opted for prosthesis, in which 117 were male and 78 were female.

Conclusion:
Community-based oral health education programs should be conducted to improve patients' oral health knowledge. Educating patients regarding the limitations of prosthesis as mechanical substitutes for natural teeth must be a continuing process from the initial patient contact until adjustments are completed.
Evaluation of Adiponectin and Resistin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Before and After Treatment
Authors: Fairlin P. , Raja S. A. Jacob , James Johnson Raja , Kumar Tamil Selvan , Shankar Ravi , Divya S. 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to find out the association of adiponectin and resistin levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with the clinical parameters before and after scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients.

Methods:
A total of 50 patients were recruited from the Outpatient Department of Periodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional ethical board. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and the study-related procedures were explained. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (25 patients) consisted of healthy patients. Group II (25 patients) consisted of periodontitis patients. The periodontitis patients after treatment were considered as Group III. GCF samples were collected before treatment and 21 days after treatment. The levels of adiponectin and resistin were evaluated using Immunotag™ Human RETN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (ITEH0269) and Immunotag™ Human ADP (adiponectin) ELISA kit (ITEH2593). The levels were correlated with the clinical parameters.

Results:
There were an increase in the mean adiponectin level and a decrease in the mean resistin level at the end of periodontal therapy.

Conclusions:
Adiponectin which is an anti-inflammatory component was found to increase after periodontal therapy, and resistin which is an inflammatory component has been decreased after periodontal therapy.
Awareness, Views, and Expectations about COVID-19 Vaccinations
Authors: Anand P. J. Swathy , Shankar Kiran S. , Haneef Teena , Nair Lekshmy S. R. , Seniya K. M. , Soorya R. A. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Several vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been licensed and are being administered worldwide in various countries. However, the awareness, behaviors, and expectations of COVID-19 vaccines among dental clinic patients are poorly understood.

Methods:
An e-survey was carried out among 1800 patients who visited dental clinics in India. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire of four parts and informed consent (i.e. sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions). The investigators used Internet methods for data collection during the pandemic.

Results:
The mean awareness score was significantly higher among participants who reported having a university/higher level of schooling, being in the upper socioeconomic status community, living in cities, and having previously received all required vaccines. The mean attitude score was slightly higher for participants who reported being female and had a history of getting all required vaccinations. Just over half (52%) of participants felt everyone should be vaccinated. This interpretation was slightly higher among females than males (56.9% vs. 47.9%, P = 0.004).

Conclusions:
The results indicate that patients attending dental clinics in India have insufficient awareness but more optimistic attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine. Immediate health promotion campaigns must be implemented before vaccine schedules in order to increase awareness.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Fluoride on Tensile Properties and Surface Roughness of Different Titanium-Based Archwires
Authors: Balakrishnan Rajkumar , Jeri Sumaya Yousuf , Rekha V. R. , Singh Gangesh Bahadur , Deepak P. R. , Nair Achuthan 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different types of fluoride on tensile properties and surface roughness of titanium based archwires clinically.

Materials and methods:
Three groups of archwires, namely nickel–titanium (NiTi), heat activated NiTi, and TMA was evaluated clinically. Each group comprised four subgroups, namely as received group, nonfluoride control group, APF gel group (received one application of 1.23% APF gel), and sodium fluoride mouthwash group (patients rinsed twice daily with 0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash). All the archwires were removed after 3 weeks of clinical use and evaluated for surface roughness with three dimensional optical profiler. Tensile strength and elongation rate was determined with Instron universal testing machine.

Results:
NiTi, heat activated NiTi, and TMA archwires with APF gel application showed the highest reduction in tensile strength and elongation rate and highest value for surface roughness, followed by sodium fluoride mouthwash group and finally wires without fluoride application. NiTi wires had the highest reduction in tensile strength with APF gel followed by heat activated NiTi and TMA.

Conclusion:
APF gel with highest concentration of fluoride caused most degradation in the tensile properties and surface roughness of titanium based arch wires.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Added Auxiliary Features, Occlusal Surface Modifications, and Reduction of Total Occlusal Convergence on the Resistance of Full Veneer Metal Crowns on a Molar Tooth with Inadequate Resistance Form
Authors: Agrawal Nitu , Chaudhari Rahul Kishore , Gheware Anjali Gaurishankar , Syed Azeem Ul Yaqin , Rashidi Tabish , Bhutta Hadeer 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Single crowns or fixed partial dentures retainers usually get dislodged due to inadequate resistance form. Hence, it is prudent to evaluate features of a tooth preparation, which can prevent these failures.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of auxiliary features, occlusal surface modifications, and total occlusal convergence (TOC) on the resistance of a full veneer crown.

Materials and Methods:
An ivorine mandibular molar tooth was prepared with features of inadequate resistance form, i.e., 2.5 mm axial wall height and TOC of 20°. Seven auxiliary preparation features were subsequently added one by one to it. They were mesiodistal grooves, buccolingual and mesiodistal grooves, buccolingual grooves, mesiodistal boxes, occlusal inclined planes, 8° reduced TOC in the cervical aspect, and mesiodistal grooves added to 8° reduced TOC in the cervical aspect. Ten dies with their respective crowns were prepared for each group. Resistance testing of all the samples was performed on the INSTRON testing machine.

Results:
Modification of the overtapered die preparation by reducing the TOC to 8° in the cervical 1.5 mm of the axial wall and then subsequently adding mesiodistal grooves to the reduced TOC cervically offered the greatest resistance to dislodgment statistically.

Conclusion:
For an overtapered preparation, reducing the TOC to 8° in the cervical aspect and subsequently adding proximal grooves can provide maximum resistance form.
Is Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Sacrosanct in the Management of Subcondylar Fractures
Authors: Dayalan Nandini , Kumari Bhawna , Khanna Shilpa Sunil , Ansari Faisal Mohiuddin , Grewal Ramandeep , Kumar Sanket , Tiwari Rahul V. C. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
This paper is intended to compare and evaluate the better treatment option in the management of subcondylar fractures of the mandible.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 20 patients who were diagnosed clinically and radiologically to have sustained an isolated subcondylar fracture of the mandible. They were divided into two groups randomly. Group I included 10 patients who underwent treatment by intermaxillary fixation alone followed by active physiotherapy in the form of conservative management. Group II included 10 patients who underwent treatment by surgical intervention for open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia following elastic guidance. Factors such as maximal mouth opening, pain scores, and deviation of mandible on mouth opening were taken into consideration and evaluated.

Results:
It is observed that the patients in Group I had weight loss and restrictions in their social well-being in the early recovery phase, in addition to delay in return to function. In spite of the early return to function, patients in Group II were subjected to all kinds of surgical complications such as transient facial nerve injury, infection, and unesthetic scar. The maximal mouth opening and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening remained almost the same in both groups.

Conclusion:
A regular follow up of operated patients post trauma is essential to obtain morphological and functional recovery. When the respective advantages and disadvantages of both treatment options were compared and evaluated, it was observed that patients treated by closed reduction had a better clinical and psychological outcome.
The Association between Chronic Heroin Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bitar Ahmad Naoras , Khan Amer Hayat , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Ali Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder , Khan Irfanullah 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients.

Methods:
This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers.

Results:
Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group.
Association of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Venkatesh Arvind , Elengkumaran S. , Ravindran C. , Malathi N. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The percentage of cancers of the tongue and palatine tonsils has continued to increase by 2%–4% among younger men. This increased prevalence of a subsection of oropharyngeal carcinoma can be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Among the head-and-neck cancers, a strong association with HPV infection is evident with oropharyngeal cancers, particularly tonsillar and basal tongue cancers.

Objectives:
Oral carcinoma, with an overall incidence of 16.1 adults per 100,000, is one of the leading malignancies worldwide, presenting a noticeable geographic variation in its distribution. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common of all oral malignancies, the objective of the study is to detect the HPV antigen p16 over-expression in patients with oral SCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Materials and Methods:
Oral SCC (OSCC) diagnosed formalin-fixed-paraffin embedded blocks were processed for IHC.

Results:
Out of 50 cases, 3 were deferred due to insufficient tumor sample and 2/47 cases were p16 positive and the site was the lateral border of the tongue.

Conclusion:
The HPV antigen overexpression in patients with OSCC was investigated to detect the incidence of HPV in SCC of oral cavity. P16 was used as a marker for the detection of OSCC using IHC in HPV-induced OSCC. Positives were detected thus concluding the significance of studying HPV expression during diagnosis.
COVID-2019–2020–2021
Authors: Reddy S. Ganesh Kumar , Mantena Maanini , Garlapati Sameer Krishna Prasad , Manohar B. Prasanth , Singh Harpreet , Bajwa Karan Singh , Tiwari Heena 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The world has faced the pandemic of COVID-19 in March 2020 and still it continues to affect in 2021. There is a great variation about the course of the disease and its features. Hence, in the present systemic review, we intend to determine the pooled estimations in the clinical features and prognosis along with the subgroups based on the severity of the disease in various regions of the world.

Materials and Methods:
Online data were collected from the search engines of EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched terms were COVID 19, CORONA, SARS-CoV-2, clinical features, Wuhan, etc. The study articles were collected that from January 2020 to February 2021. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was performed.

Results:
A total of 5067 articles were selected, of which 176 were finalized for the study. There were a total of 11 countries that were included, with a total of 2½ lakh participants. Mean age was 47.5 years. Around 22.5% had comorbidities. The mortality was 5.5%. We observed a strong association between the medical condition of the patient and the severity of the infection. In severe cases, the most common symptoms were respiratory and gastrointestinal. The mortality was registered in those with pneumonia and end-organ failure.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded from this meta-analysis that in a fourth of the positive patients, the disease was severe. In nearly 6% of the COVID-19 patients, mortality was seen. Patients with comorbidities and the severe form of the disease should be closely monitored.
Evaluation of Root Dentinal Damage Associated with ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold, and ProTaper Next during Cleaning and Shaping Procedures
Authors: Koroth Sarin , Ponnappa K. C. , Simon Elsy P. , Bharath Subin , Vivek V. J. , Raveendran Chandini 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal shaping using rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments (ProTaper Gold [PTG] and ProTaper Next [PTN]) and reciprocating instrument (WaveOne Gold [WOG]).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred human mandibular premolars with single root and single canal with canal curvature <10° were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented using hand K-files (positive control), full sequence rotary files PTG and PTN, and reciprocating single-file system WOG. One group was left unprepared and served as negative control. Roots were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and evaluated under a stereomicroscope.

Results:
PTG, WOG, and PTN showed dentinal defects in 40%, 53.3%and 30% of the samples, respectively.

Conclusion:
Irrespective of motion kinematics, dentinal defects are observed in all the Ni-Ti file groups. Within the limitations of the present study and the available literature, incidence of dentinal defects is less with instruments working in continuous rotation rather than instruments with reciprocating motion.
Survey of Stress in COVID Patient Post Treatment
Authors: Kancherla Neeraj , Garlapati Sameer Krishna Prasad , Raparla Yeswanth Kumar , Jamil Maria , Jamil Javairia , Mannava Sai Mahitha 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The purpose of our study was to examine the mental health status of patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) who were hospitalized.

Methodology:
In this cross-sectional study, 106 inpatients with COVID-19 who had stable clinical conditions were evaluated psychologically by questionnaire: Depression, anxiety, and stress scales-21 (DASS-21).

Results:
About one-third of patients had comorbidities. In totality, 97.2% of patients with COVID-19 had some grade of depression. Extent of depression, assessed with the help of the DASS questionnaire, was 85.8%. All patients (100%) had serious (0.9%) and grave level of (99.1%) anxiety. Regarding to stress levels, 97.1% of patients had some degree of stress. In the worsening of stress category, 84.9% of patients had high-stress levels.

Conclusion:
The presence of such increased prevalence and seriousness of psychiatric disorders among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 underlines the necessity for serious consideration to the mental health standing of these patients.