bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced data post‐processing method for rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids of Alismatis rhizoma by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shu Zhiheng , Wang Xiaoxing , Zhao Pengcheng , Li Ziting , Fan Cailian , Tang Xiyang , Yao Zhihong , Yao Xinsheng , Dai Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlismatis rhizoma (AR), a distinguished diuretic traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used for the treatment of diarrhea, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, and tumors in clinical settings. Most beneficial effects of AR are attributed to the major triterpenoids, whose contents are relatively high in AR. To date, only 25 triterpenoids in AR have been characterized by LC‐MS because the low‐mass diagnostic ions are hardly triggered in MS, impeding structural identification. Herein, we developed an advanced data post‐processing method with abundant characteristic fragments (CFs) and neutral losses (NLs) for rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids in AR by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE.ObjectiveWe aimed to establish a systematic method for rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids of AR.MethodsUPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MSE coupled with an advanced data post‐processing method was established to characterize the major triterpenoids of AR. The abundant CFs and NLs of different types of triterpenoids were discovered and systematically summarized. The rapid identification and classification of the major triterpenoids of AR were realized by processing the data and comparing with information described in the literature.ResultsIn this study, a total of 44 triterpenoids were identified from AR, including three potentially new compounds and 41 known ones, which were classified into six types.ConclusionThe newly established approach is suitable for the chemical profiling of the major triterpenoids in AR, which could provide useful information about chemical constituents and a basis for further exploration of its active ingredients in vivo.
Less‐invasive autopsy for early pregnancy loss
Authors: Simcock Ian C. , Lamouroux Audrey , Sebire Neil J. , Shelmerdine Susan C. , Arthurs Owen J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutopsy investigations provide valuable information regarding fetal death that can assist in the parental bereavement process, and influence future pregnancies, but conventional autopsy is often declined by parents because of its invasive approach. This has led to the development of less‐invasive autopsy investigations based on imaging technology to provide a more accessible and acceptable choice for parents when investigating their loss. Whilst the development and use of more conventional clinical imaging techniques (radiographs, CT, MRI, US) are well described in the literature for fetuses over 20 weeks of gestational age, these investigations have limited diagnostic accuracy in imaging smaller fetuses. Techniques such as ultra‐high‐field MRI (>3T) and micro‐focus computed tomography have been shown to have higher diagnostic accuracy whilst still being acceptable to parents. By further developing and increasing the availability of these more innovative imaging techniques, parents will be provided with a greater choice of acceptable options to investigate their loss, which may in turn increase their uptake. We provide a narrative review focussing on the development of high‐resolution, non‐invasive imaging techniques to evaluate early gestational pregnancy loss.
Mit B‐Mesonen auf der Suche nach neuer Physik
Authors: Seuthe Alex , Albrecht Johannes 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungZurzeit ist die Flavour‐Physik mit der Untersuchung von Zerfällen von B‐Mesonen ein interessanter Bereich der experimentellen Teilchenphysik, da sie wichtige Tests des Standardmodells ermöglicht. Das kürzlich überarbeitete LHCb‐Experiment wurde neu gestartet und soll eine bisher unerreichte Präzision in der Vermessung der Eigenschaften der B‐Mesonen liefern.
Schärfer als das Mikroskop erlaubt
Authors: Helmerich Dominic Andreas , Beliu Gerti , Sauer Markus 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungMit Hilfe der hochauflösenden Fluoreszenzmikroskopie lassen sich Bilder mit einer räumlichen Auflösung von rund 20 nm, weit unterhalb der Beugungsgrenze, aufnehmen. Eine weitere Verbesserung der räumlichen Auflösung bis in den molekularen Bereich ist jedoch durch die Interaktion der Farbstoffe miteinander erschwert. Bei Abständen unterhalb von 10 nm führen verschiedene Energietransferprozesse zu einer schlechteren Lokalisationswahrscheinlichkeit, was die erreichbare strukturelle Auflösung stark einschränkt. Eine genaue zeitaufgelöste Analyse des Fluoreszenzsignals ermöglicht es, die Anzahl der interagierenden Farbstoffe und deren Abstände zu ermitteln. Durch die zeitaufgelöste Analyse des Photoswitching‐Fingerprints ist es uns gelungen, Abstände von 5 nm an Membranrezeptoren zu identifizieren.
Revealing a notable interaction in the binding of type II statins to HMG‐CoA reductase: Stacked cation–π interaction
Authors: Ahmadi Aliakbar , Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan , Kassaee Mohamad Z. , Fattahi Alireza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study has centered on potentially important enzyme‐ligand interaction currently not incorporated: stacked cation–π interaction between the guanidinium group of arginine 590 residues in the HMG‐CoA reductase active site and the 4‐fluorophenyl group of type II statins. The geometry of interaction between these planar groups has been considered based on the X‐ray crystallographic structures already available in the protein data bank (PDB) archive. Electronic interaction energies between this residue and statins have been acquired by M06 and MP2 methods. In addition, stacking interaction and hydrogen bonding as two important investigated interactions are verified through prominent analyses: (1) quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis; (2) plotting and quantitative molecular surface analyses such as electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis, Hirshfeld surface (HS) and Becke surface (BS) analyses; (3) visual study methods such as noncovalent interaction (NCI), independent gradient model (IGM) analyses; and (4) localized orbital locator integrated pi over plane (LOLIPOP) index.The results indicate the absolute binding energy for type II statins is overall more than for type I statins.
Top 10 public health challenges to track in 2023: Shifting focus beyond a global pandemic
Authors: Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. , Dorji Thinley , Odey Goodness Ogeyi , Miranda Adriana Viola , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Huang Junjie , Xu Lin , Obnial Joseph Christian , Huda Aminath , Thepanondh Sarawut , Dayrit Manuel Millar , Evardone Salvador B. , Lamawansa M. D. , Solomon Ethiopia Samrawit , Aziato Lydia , Adongo Philip Baba , Samai Mohamed Hindolo , Garcia Fernando B. , Villaruz Joselito F. , Karunathilake Indika Mahesh , Li Hao , Azanza Patrick Alain , Findlay Ian , Wong Martin C. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe year 2022 saw COVID‐19 as the primary public health concern, with vaccine rollout and mandates at the forefront. Other viral infectious diseases, such as Monkeypox and Ebola, emerged as public health concerns. Climate change and political conflicts significantly impacted global health, increasing the demand for humanitarian assistance and protection. In 2023, it remains crucial to identify global and public health priority areas to coordinate and implement effective solutions. Through discussions with public health practitioners and researchers, we have identified key priority areas for 2023, namely, health systems, the mental health crisis, substance abuse, infectious diseases, malnutrition and food insecurity, sexual and reproductive health challenges, environmental pollution, the climate crisis, cancer, and diabetes. These priority areas highlight shared concerns that should be addressed to facilitate proactive and innovative health interventions and practices. To achieve universal healthcare targets for 2030, prioritization, financial investment, international cooperation, and collaboration in addressing these global health challenges are crucial. This requires coordination among public health decision‐makers, the private health sector, and opinion leaders to implement country‐specific healthcare financing and food security measures. Research, scientific knowledge, and technical capacities must be leveraged to produce sustainable interventions that effectively reduce health disparities and improve health system responsiveness to prevent these challenges from progressing to public health emergencies.
New insights into the source of the boron memory effect and implications for accurate boron isotope measurements
Authors: Cai Yue , Chen Heng , Li Baichan , Rasbury E. Troy , Halliday Alex N. 
Published: May 2023

RationaleThe boron (B) memory effect is a concern for B isotope analysis in inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a potential cause of poor data comparability between laboratories. It is widely assumed that the memory resides in water droplets on the surface of the spray chamber. However, even without the use of the spray chamber, background subtractions are still required to generate accurate data, therefore additional causes for the memory effect exist, which are investigated here.MethodsDifferent parts of the mass spectrometer were examined to pinpoint the source of a particularly high B background. After identifying the torch as the source of the background, different parts of the torch were soaked in dilute nitric acid, which was analyzed for B over time.ResultsB was leached out of the tip of the outer quartz tube of the torch in a fashion similar to borosilicate glass, which suggests the incorporation of B into the silica structure of the torch at high temperatures. Running 3% nitric acid washes effectively reduces the background. B background compositions change based on the solutions run beforehand, therefore different blank subtraction methods generate systematic differences. A new background subtraction method that utilizes B isotope ratios improved the precision by up to 0.14‰. The addition of a water wash step before sample elution led to smaller eluent volumes and improved matrix matching without causing a B breakthrough.ConclusionsAn important part of the B memory derives from the torch glass, which incorporates B from sample solutions at high temperatures. Multiple nitric acid washes, matrix matching, blank subtraction, and standard sample bracketing generated accurate B isotope analyses with background/signal ratios as high as 10%, without the need for hazardous chemicals as washes. B isotope values of two sediment standards that represent average post‐Archean continental crust were reported.
Electrodeposited Nickel Sulfide Nanoparticles Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Effective Non‐Precious Catalyst for Methanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Salmi Mehdi , Amarray Amina , Samih Youssef , Azzi Mohammed , EL Ghachtouli Sanae 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor direct methanol fuel cells, developing low‐cost, highly efficient, and long‐term stable electrocatalysts is crucial. In this work, we report easy and single‐step electrodeposition of nickel sulfide thin film incorporating carbon nanofibers on indium tin oxide (denoted as Ni4S3‐CNF/ITO). The electrodeposited materials were characterized by X‐ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity toward Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR) was investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry, Chrono‐Amperometry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The electrocatalyst exhibited good electrocatalytic activity regarding methanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium with retention of its activity over a significant period of time. These results indicate that the incorporation of carbon nanofibers into nickel sulfide allows the electrocatalyst to gain higher surface area and high tolerance to the catalyst‐poising species generated during MOR. The electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited Ni4S3‐CNF/ITO makes it a promising electrocatalyst for low‐cost, high‐efficient fuel cells.
A One‐Step Self‐Flowering Method toward Programmable Ultrathin Porous Carbon‐Based Materials for Microwave Absorption and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ding Rong , Wang Yan‐Qin , Zeng Fu‐Rong , Liu Bo‐Wen , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Zhao Hai‐Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrathin 2D porous carbon‐based materials offer numerous fascinating electrical, catalytic, and mechanical properties, which hold great promise in various applications. However, it remains a formidable challenge to fabricate these materials with tunable morphology and composition by a simple synthesis strategy. Here, a facile one‐step self‐flowering method without purification and harsh conditions is reported for large‐scale fabrication of high‐quality ultrathin (≈1.5 nm) N‐doped porous carbon nanosheets (NPC) and their composites. It is demonstrated that the layered tannic/oxamide (TA/oxamide) hybrid is spontaneously blown, exfoliated, bloomed, in situ pore‐formed, and aromatized during pyrolysis to form flower‐like aggregated NPC. This universal one‐step self‐flowering system is compatible with various precursors to construct multiscale NPC‐based composites (Ru@NPC, ZnO@NPC, MoS2@NPC, Co@NPC, rGO@NPC, etc.). Notably, the programmable architecture enables NPC‐based materials with excellent multifunctional performances, such as microwave absorption and hydrogen evolution. This work provides a facile, universal, scalable, and eco‐friendly avenue to fabricate functional ultrathin porous carbon‐based materials with programmability.
Stacking Order Induced Anion Redox Regulation for Layer‐Structured Na0.75Li0.2Mn0.7Cu0.1O2 Cathode Materials
Authors: Ma Cui , Abulikemu Aierxiding , Bao Jian , Uchiyama Tomoki , Xia Yong‐Yao , Li Xun‐Lu , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Zhou Yong‐Ning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStacking order plays a key role in defining the electrochemical behavior and structural stability of layer‐structured cathode materials. However, the detailed effects of stacking order on anionic redox in layer‐structured cathode materials have not been investigated specifically and are still unrevealed. Herein, two layered cathodes with the same chemical formula but different stacking orders: P2‐Na0.75Li0.2Mn0.7Cu0.1O2 (P2‐LMC) and P3‐Na0.75Li0.2Mn0.7Cu0.1O2 (P3‐LMC) are compared. It is found that P3 stacking order is beneficial to improve the oxygen redox reversibility compared with P2 stacking order. By using synchrotron hard and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopies, three redox couples of Cu2+/Cu3+, Mn3.5+/Mn4+, and O2−/O− are revealed to contribute charge compensation in P3 structure simultaneously, and two redox couples of Cu2+/Cu3+ and O2−/O− are more reversible than those in P2‐LMC due to the higher electronic densities in Cu 3d and O 2p orbitals in P3‐LMC. In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that P3‐LMC exhibits higher structural reversibility during charge and discharge than P2‐LMC, even at 5C rate. As a result, P3‐LMC delivers a high reversible capacity of 190.3 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 125.7 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles. These findings provide new insight into oxygen‐redox‐involved layered cathode materials for SIBs.
Immobilization of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 onto modified stainless steel wire via covalent bonding for solid‐phase microextraction of biomarkers in exhalation of lung cancer patients
Authors: Hao Qi‐Long , Wang Shuo‐Wen , Yu Li‐Qing , Yang Xiao‐Qin , Lv Yun‐Kai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe improvement of the strong force between the coating and the substrate is important to make the coating for solid‐phase microextraction with good stability, durability, and reproducibility during thermal and solvent desorption. In this paper, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐90 coating was immobilized on the stainless‐steel fiber via the chemical‐bonded method with the help of polydopamine. The fiber was used for the solid‐phase microextraction of lung cancer biomarkers prior to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. Several extraction and desorption conditions were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the established method exhibited high enrichment factors (434–7560), low limits of detection (2.6–4.2 ng/L), wide linear ranges (0.02–30 μg/L), good repeatability (3.46%–9.37% for intra‐day, 4.11%–9.18% for inter‐day, n = 6) and reproducibility (5.37%–7.02%, n = 3). Moreover, the coated fiber is thermally stable and can be reused at least 100 cycles of extraction/desorption/conditioning without significant loss of extraction efficiency and precision. Eventually, the self‐made coated fiber combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was successfully applied to the extraction and detection of five biomarkers of lung cancer from real breath samples with a satisfactory recovery (96.6%–117.6%).
The Acoustic Wound: Reflections on the Crystal-Song in Five American Films
Authors: Powrie Phil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter develops the concept of the ‘crystal-song’ which crystallises turning points in a film. It does not illustrate or echo what we see; rather, it articulates a privileged musical moment of intense affect, ‘wounding’ the image/music nexus as does Barthes’s punctum for the photograph. The crystal-song is the piece that stands out from the others by a combination of intensity and critical insistence. The chapter explores such moments in five recent US films. The first is the diegetically performed song that gives its title to the film in American Honey (2016) and Beautiful Boy (2018). The second explores references in the dialogue to the music we hear: a diegetic song that is referred to by the characters but not performed by them (Lady Bird, 2017); the third, a non-diegetic song in a film where performed music is constantly present and talked about (Call Me by Your Name, 2017). The final and more sustained case is a diegetically performed piano piece from La La Land (2016) which demonstrates that the musical moment does not have to be a single song with lyrics, nor the spectacular performance that is usually found in film musicals, La La Land included, but can also be a much-repeated musical motif. All of these musical moments have a critical and focal function, shaping audience affects and our perception of the narrative.
Musical Numbers in Bollywood Cinema’s Homeland and Diaspora
Authors: Dudrah Rajinder 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow does Bollywood cinema depict ideas about the homeland and diaspora, and what kind of relationships can we track and decipher about diaspora culture as the cinema creates itineraries through its films and related popular cultures? In response, this chapter will use musical numbers in Bollywood cinema to draw attention to a series of representations and cultural politics about the homeland and diaspora relationship as in need of further exploration. It will look at select musical numbers from two broad types of Bollywood films that deal with the diaspora in terms of its relationship to the homeland in actual and imagined ways. The first type of diaspora film might be considered as a dominant ideology of popular Hindi cinema where the relationship between the homeland and the diaspora is represented in limited or conservative ways. In the second type of film, this relationship is shown to be contested, at the very least, and as an imaginative mode of being.
Coworking Places in Hungary During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bálint Dóra , Horeczki Réka , Kalman Judit , Lux Gabor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA global pandemic affected the type and place of work in several ways. For coworking places it caused disruptions according to direct (e.g. measures) and indirect (e.g. urban outmigration) reasons. The present chapter focuses on how coworking places in Hungary choose different adaptation strategies to deal with the unprecedented challenge that COVID-19 accounted for. It gives insight into the Hungarian pandemic situation between 2020 and 2022, identifying restrictions and no state financial aid whatsoever which determined the playing field for coworking places. The chapter contains different sections related to the outbreak and the Hungarian coworking landscape as well as coping strategies these alternative workspaces relied on to survive the first two years of the pandemic: location change, size reduction, change of function, and relying on informal networks are the identified ones.
Corporate Communication at the Intersection of Economic and Political Discourse: The Role of the Nation in CSR Communication in the Ukrainian Energy Sector
Authors: Thielemann Nadine , Savych Zlatoslava 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper traces the role of the nation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication by Ukrainian state-owned energy companies and reveals a form of political CSR. Political CSR, in this context, refers to corporate communication through which the companies act as political agents and advocate the economic and political orientation towards the European Union (EU). The discourse under analysis is located at the intersection of political and economic discourse and conceptualises Ukraine as a European country.
Who’s afraid of immigration? The effect of economic preferences on tolerance
Authors: Kovacic Matija , Orso Cristina Elisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper suggests that intergenerationally transmitted ancestral characteristics have a significant impact on attitudes toward immigration. Using a sub-population of second-generation immigrants from the European Social Survey (ESS), we find that historical and linguistic factors that contributed to weaker long-term orientation and higher risk aversion are associated with a greater concern, especially among medium- and low-skilled workers, about the economic consequences of immigration and the admission of poorer immigrants. The results are robust to alternative sample definitions, estimation methodology, a rich set of geographical controls, and several potential confounding factors at the country of origin level.
Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth
Authors: Roose Shinto , Bala Govindasamy , Krishnamohan K. S. , Cao Long , Caldeira Ken 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) is one of the solar geoengineering approaches that have been proposed to offset some of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Past studies have shown that SAG may have adverse impacts on the global hydrological cycle. Using a climate model, we quantify the sensitivity of the tropical monsoon precipitation to the meridional distribution of volcanic sulfate aerosols prescribed in the stratosphere in terms of the changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD). In our experiments, large changes in summer monsoon precipitation in the tropical monsoon regions are simulated, especially over the Indian region, in association with meridional shifts in the location of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) caused by changes in interhemispheric AOD differences. Based on our simulations, we estimate a sensitivity of − 1.8° ± 0.0° meridional shift in global mean ITCZ and a 6.9 ± 0.4% reduction in northern hemisphere (NH) monsoon index (NHMI; summer monsoon precipitation over NH monsoon regions) per 0.1 interhemispheric AOD difference (NH minus southern hemisphere). We also quantify this sensitivity in terms of interhemispheric differences in effective radiative forcing and interhemispheric temperature differences: 3.5 ± 0.3% change in NHMI per unit (Wm−2) interhemispheric radiative forcing difference and 5.9 ± 0.4% change per unit (°C) interhemispheric temperature difference. Similar sensitivity estimates are also made for the Indian monsoon precipitation. The establishment of the relationship between interhemispheric AOD (or radiative forcing) differences and ITCZ shift as discussed in this paper will further facilitate and simplify our understanding of the effects of SAG on tropical monsoon rainfall.