bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new seismic hazard model ESHM20 of Europe: Investigating the implications to the seismic design and risk assessment of major industrial facilities across Europe
Authors: Pitilakis Kyriazis , Butenweg Christoph , Riga Evi , Apostolaki Stefania , Renault Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe seismic performance and safety of major European industrial facilities have a global interest for the whole of Europe and its citizens. However, the seismic design of these facilities is based on national, sometimes outdated seismic hazard analyses. The results of the commonly developed, fully harmonized newly released European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 provide a pertinent reference for seismic hazard at European scale and have been officially adopted as an “acceptable representation of the seismic hazard in Europe” in the ongoing revision of Eurocode 8. This study presents a large-scale investigation of the impact of the potential adoption of ESHM20 on the design of new industrial facilities as well as on the potential seismic risk of existing facilities at European level with respect to the current seismic codes. The horizontal elastic response spectra using ESHM20 in combination with the revised Eurocode 8 for selected industrial sites are compared with the respective response spectra of the national regulations for return periods of 475, 2500 and 5000 years. In addition, a single containment LNG tank is analysed for an industrial site in Germany using the design approach for liquid filled tanks according to the revised Eurocode 8. Furthermore, a deterministic and probabilistic seismic risk assessment of a vessel installed in a five-storey frame is performed for industrial sites in Greece and Germany. The examples show that a consistent procedure all over Europe would be desirable and a benefit for engineers in terms of comparability and achievement of the same safety targets. Based on the conducted illustrative studies, the consequences of a potential adoption of the revised Eurocode 8 and ESHM20 hazard maps are discussed and summarized with respect to the standard harmonisation process in Europe.
Review of natural compounds for potential psoriasis treatment
Authors: Elkhawaga Omali Y. , Ellety Mohamed M. , Mofty Sheref O. , Ghanem Mohamed S. , Mohamed Abdallah O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPsoriasis represents an immune-mediated disease with an unclear cause that’s marked by inflammation triggered by dysfunction in the immune system, which results in inflammation in various parts of the skin. There could be obvious symptoms, such as elevated plaques; these plaques may appear differently depending on the type of skin. This disease can cause inflammation in the elbows, lower back, scalp, knees, or other regions of the body. It can begin at any age, although it most commonly affects individuals between the ages of 50 and 60. Specific cells (such as T cells) have been observed to play an obvious role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in addition to specific immunological molecules such as TNF-, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, and other molecules that can aid in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. So, during the past two decades, biologists have created chemical drugs that target these cells or molecules and therefore prevent the disease from occurring. Alefacept, efalizumab, Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, and Secukinumab are a few examples of chemical drugs. It was discovered that these chemical drugs have long-term side effects that can cause defects in the patient's body, such as the development of the rare but life-threatening disorder progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PCL). Its rapidly progressive infection of the central nervous system caused by the JC virus and other drugs may cause increased production of neutralising anti-drug antibodies (ADA) and the risk of infusion reactions like pruritus, flushing, hypertension, headache, and rash. So, our context intends to talk in our review about natural products or plants that may have therapeutic characteristics for this disease and may have few or no side effects on the patient's body.
Accessible versatility underpins the deep evolution of plant specialized metabolism
Authors: Dadras Armin , Rieseberg Tim P. , Zegers Jaccoline M. S. , Fürst-Jansen Janine M. R. , Irisarri Iker , de Vries Jan , de Vries Sophie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The evolution of several hallmark traits of land plants is underpinned by phytochemical innovations. The specialized metabolism of plants can appear like a teeming chaos that has yielded an ungraspable array of chemodiversity. Yet, this diversity is the result of evolutionary processes including neutral evolution, drift, and selection that have shaped the metabolomic networks. Deciphering the evolutionary history of the specialized metabolome in the context of plant terrestrialization has only just begun. Studies on phytochemistry of model organisms and crop plants enabled the sketch of a blueprint for the biochemical landscape of land plants and a good idea on the diversity that can be explored. Evolutionary metabolomics has in the past been successfully used to identify traits that were critical for domestication of angiosperms or to unravel key innovations in land plants. Owing to recent advances in the study of non-model land plants and their close streptophyte algal relatives we can now begin to appreciate the variation of metabolic networks across the green lineage—and understand convergent solutions to similar environmental challenges and effects that plant terrestrialization had on these networks. Here, we highlight the significant progress made with regard to identifying metabolomic diversity by adding non-model organisms to the equation. We discuss the role of neutral evolution in the context of metabolomic diversity and the effects that environmental challenges had on the lineage-specific specialized metabolism from an evolutionary point of view.
Competing to Protect: Repatriation and Legal Protection of Syrians in Istanbul under Allied Occupation (1918–1923)
Authors: Okan Orçun Can 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines interstate competitions over “Syrians” whose legal status as Ottoman subjects was not yet terminated by a peace treaty at the end of World War I. Focusing mainly on occupied Istanbul, it traces French efforts to protect or bring Syrians back home to a “Syria.” Given that Syria was still in the making, the stakes here were high and determined postwar reconfigurations that connected Istanbul and Beirut. I argue that competition over Syrians in occupied Istanbul—especially the wealthier and those with military experience—proved critical in the construction of new diplomatic and legal significance accorded to the categories of “Syria” and “Syrian” in the early 20th century. In addition to offering new insights into the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire, the article historicizes projections of imperial influence after World War I and sheds new light on the foundations of French mandate rule in Syria and Lebanon.
Advances in Seasonal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice With NOAA UFS
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Wang Wanqiu , Liu Yanyun , Kumar Arun , DeWitt David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Unified Forecast System (UFS) is the next generation modeling infrastructure under development for NOAA's operational numerical weather/climate predictions. This study is the first attempt with UFS for seasonal predictions application. In particular, 9‐month hindcasts are performed starting from every month during 2007–2020. The UFS performance in predicting Arctic sea ice was compared to hindcasts by (a) the current operational Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) and (b) an experimental sea ice prediction system (CFSm5) at NOAA. Evaluations indicate that UFS demonstrates consistently improved skills than both CFSv2 and CFSm5 in seasonal sea ice predictions, together with more realistic climatological sea ice distributions. Diagnostics suggest that the better climatological sea ice distributions in UFS is related to its atmospheric states simulated with FV3, the atmospheric component of UFS, and reinforced by associated ocean circulations. In addition, applications of the multi‐model ensemble strategy do not present skill improvements over the UFS forecasts alone.
Experimental study on the galloping characteristics of single ice-coated transmission lines under oblique flows
Authors: Gao Mingyang , Chen Zhaoqing , Su Jin , Su Ning , Liu Chuncheng , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Huiru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGalloping of ice-coated transmission lines is occasionally observed under oblique wind directions. However, most current investigations on the galloping mechanisms are for flow perpendicular to the span of the transmission lines. In order to address this gap, this research studies the galloping characteristics of ice-coated transmission lines under oblique flows based on wind tunnel tests. The wind-induced displacement of an aero-elastic iced-coated transmission line model was measured with a noncontact displacement measurement equipment in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and directions. The results show that galloping is characterized by elliptical trajectories and negative damping, which is more likely to occur under oblique flows than the direct flow (0°). At 15° wind direction, a galloping in vertical direction was observed at wind speeds above 5 m/s. At 30° wind direction, galloping was observed over the entire range of the tested wind speeds. Moreover, the galloping amplitudes under oblique flows are observed to be larger than that at the direct flows. Consequently, when the wind direction between the major winter monsoon azimuth and the lateral direction of transmission line route is between 15° and 30°, appropriate anti-galloping devices are highly recommended in practice.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Lactone-Substituted 2-Oxindoles with Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Centers through Vinylogous Conjugate Addition
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming , Li Zegong , Zeng Zi , Tang Qi , Zhong Ziwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new method has been developed for constructing vicinal quaternary stereocenters with an oxindole–butanolide hybrid framework through asymmetric vinylogous addition of a siloxyfuran to an indol-2-one in the presence of a readily available N,N′-dioxide–Ni(OTf)2 complex catalyst. Various oxindole–lactones were obtained in up to 98% yield with >19:1 dr and 97% ee under mild reaction conditions. A possible transition-state model is proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric induction.
ITS-90 SPRT calibration from the Ar TP to the Zn FP
Authors: Herman Tobias , Chojnacky Michal , Hill Ken , Rudtsch Steffen , Yang Inseok , Steur Petrus Paulus Maria , Dematteis Roberto , Lopardo Giuseppina , Sparasci Fernando , Martin Catherine , Risegari Lara , Widiatmo Januarius , Nakano Tohru , Saito Ikuhiko , Quelhas Klaus Natorf , Giorgio Patricia , Sun Jianping , Zhang Jintao , Pearce Jonathan , Gray Jayne 
Published: March 2023

Main text
This is a report to the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT) on the key comparison 9 of Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT) calibration on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) [1] from 83.8058 K (the Ar triple point) to 692.677 K (the Zn freezing point). The comparison followed a collapsed star protocol, with each of the fourteen participating laboratories shipping two standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) as transfer standards to the pilot laboratory (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) for a direct comparison of SPRT calibration at the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of origin to calibration at NIST. Measurements were taken at the participating laboratories before and after measurement at NIST to assess the effect of transportation on the transfer standards. The pooled results from all laboratories were combined to calculate a key comparison reference value (KCRV).
This report includes the calculation of, and comparisons to, the KCRV as well as bilateral comparisons between labs. In addition, there is space devoted to analysis of the shifts in SPRT values following travel.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Investigation of the physical process inside the crater during the ablation of the cathode material of a micro-cathode arc thruster
Authors: Ji Tianyuan , Wei Liqiu , Wang Lu , Zhao Yongguo , Li Tingwan , Liang Tiance , Li Hong , Zhu Ximing , Ding Yongjie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the relationship between the morphology of the cathode crater and plasma ionization between thrusters is studied by adjusting the input energy of the micro-cathode arc thruster (μCAT). We monitor the morphology of the cathode crater of the μCAT using scanning electron microscopy and explore the relationship between the crater morphology and the internal energy loss of the cathode crater. This relationship, combined with the numerical simulation results, is used to monitor the ionization between the electrodes of the μCAT using an enhanced intensified charge coupled device spectrum detector. The effect of cathode crater morphology on the ionization of the propellant during the operation of the μCAT is determined. The results show that with a change in the input power processing unit voltage, the external profile and depth-to-diameter ratio of the cathode crater change, resulting in a change in the internal energy loss of the thruster cathode crater and then affecting the ionization efficiency of the cathode working fluid in the μCAT. Under the condition of basically unchanged cathode feed energy flow density, reasonable adjustment of the depth-to-diameter ratio of the cathode crater can effectively improve the ionization efficiency of the cathode working fluid in the μCAT.
High energy electrons induced by nonlinear effect in synchronized dual-level radio frequency pulsing capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Ma Fang-Fang , Zhang Quan-Zhi , Wang You-Nian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The surface charging effect of positive ions at the trench bottom during the etching of dielectric materials has become a severe problem with the shrinkage of electronic feature dimensions. Pulsed plasmas have been widely used to overcome surface charging issues during plasma etching in industry. In this work, synchronized dual-level radio frequency pulsed modulation on capacitively coupled plasmas is investigated based on 1D3V particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations. It is found that the plasma always remains a certain initial density during the dual-level pulse modulation, as the high frequency (HF) source still presents during pulse off time (with a reduced voltage amplitude), which may facilitate high processing efficiency. Meanwhile, many HF sheath oscillations are simulated at the initial stage of a pulse period, which induces vast high energy electrons to strike the electrode. When the HF voltage is maintained at a very low value during the pulse off (i.e. 0.1

V

HF

), more electrons with higher energy bombard the bottom of the trench, effectively alleviating the charging effect. Furthermore, the nonlinear behavior of sheath oscillations is proved to be very sensitive to dual-frequency voltage amplitudes and pulse ramp-up times.
A simple, sensitive, label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on the chitosan-coated silver/cerium oxide (CS@Ag/CeO2) nanocomposites for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Authors: Kayani Farrukh Bashir , Rafique Saima , Akram Rizwan , Hussain Mozaffar , Bashir Shazia , Nasir Rubina , Khan Jan Sher 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Metal oxide-based sensors have the benefit of inexpensive, quick response, and high sensitivity in detecting specific biological species. In this article, a simple electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated using antibody-chitosan coated silver/cerium oxide (Ab-CS@Ag/CeO2) nanocomposites on a gold electrode for sensitive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) diagnosis in human serum samples. Successfully synthesis of AFP antibody-CS@Ag/CeO2 conjugates was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectra of the prototype. The amine coupling bond chemistry was then used to immobilize the resultant conjugate on a gold electrode surface. It was observed that the interaction of the synthesized Ab-CS@Ag/CeO2 nanocomposites with AFP prevented an electron transfer and reduced the voltammetric Fe(CN)6
3−/4− peak current, which was proportional to the amount of AFP. The linear ranges of AFP concentration were found from 10−12–10−6 g.ml−1. The limit of detection was calculated using the calibration curve and came out to be 0.57 pg.ml−1. The designed label-free immunosensor successfully detected AFP in human serum samples. As a result, the resulting immunosensor is a promising sensor plate form for AFP detection and could be used in clinical bioanalysis.
Combination of ICCD fast imaging and image processing techniques to probe species–specific propagation due to guided ionization waves
Authors: Athanasopoulos D K , Svarnas P , Liapis C M , Papadopoulos P K , Gazeli K , Giotis K , Vafeas P , Vafakos G P , Giannakakis V , Gerakis A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present report is devoted to the study of distinct ionization waves in terms of temporally-, spatially-, and wavelength-resolved analyses. The study is based on the technique of two-dimension fast imaging. However, appropriately selected ultraviolet to near infrared optical filters are employed to capture the propagation of specific species and digital image processing techniques are applied to explore the recorded snapshots. N2(SPS),

N

2

+

(FNS), He I, OH(A–X), and O I, i.e., emissive neutral and ionic species, are investigated. On the other hand, the propagation of the NO
γ
species is studied by means of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, since the light intensity due to spontaneous emission of this species was not readily detectable. Digital image processing techniques are also applied for the NO
γ
case. The crucial role of the above species in fields like plasma biomedicine and material processing is extensively recognized, and the present work: (i) provides gathered information on the propagation of these species within the atmospheric air; and (ii) introduces image processing algorithms to extract information which otherwise would remain hidden or uncorrelated with other plasma parameters. The present results unveil specific emission patterns due to the propagation of the N2(SPS),

N

2

+

(FNS), He I, OH(A–X), and O I species. The intensity patterns consist of a first peak located in the vicinity of the reactor orifice, a second peak moving away from the reactor orifice, and a continuum which couples the two peaks. However, the detailed features of each pattern depend on the type of species considered. The fluorescence of the NO
γ
species also suggests the division of the area downstream of the reactor orifice into two regions where distinct ionization-excitation effects take place. Propagation speeds of the species up to about 2 × 105 m s−1 were measured. Finally, qualitative correlation between the species propagation (as it is pronounced by the emission patterns) and the local electric field (as it was numerically calculated in a similar setup) is demonstrated.
Comparative optical analysis of GaAs nanostructures for photovoltaic applications using finite element method
Authors: Singh Sadhna , Samajdar D P , Dutta Koushik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, a thorough comparative analysis of six GaAs based nanostructures (hollow and solid) is performed on the basis of their optical performance. These nanostructures are known to exhibit excellent anti-reflection properties, owing to their ability to generate a broadband absorption spectrum through efficient photon harvesting. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) of the commercially available COMSOL Multiphysics package, the absorption characteristics, optical short circuit current density (JSC), electric field and photogeneration rates of six different nanostructures namely concentric nanocylinder (CNCy), hollow concentric nanocylinder (HCNCy), inverted nanopencil (INPe), hollow nanopencil (HNPe), nanorod + nanohemisphere (NR + NHe), and hollow nanorod + hollow nanohemisphere (HNR + HNHe) are computed. The optical performance of these nanostructures is largely dependent on their geometrical parameters such as filling ratio (FR = Diameter/Period), spacing and structural dimensions. The optimized values of these parameters can play a vital role in capturing the optical resonance modes by the nanostructures to produce absorption enhancement. It has been observed that the nanostructures with base diameter of 240 nm, period in the range of 300–350 nm and FR of 0.8 exhibit better optical characteristics. Optical JSC and optical efficiency of 29.45 mA cm−2 and 42.26%, respectively for CNCy nanostructure with FR of 0.8 and diameter of 240 nm is the highest among all the nanostructures. The effect of the angle of incidence of the photons striking the nanostructures on the average absorptance in both Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes are also investigated. In addition to this, we have also computed the effective refractive index for all the nanostructures using Maxwell Garnett formula in order to estimate the surface anti-reflection characteristics of these nanostructures.
Effect of lattice water on the proton diffusion mechanism in hydrated tungsten trioxide nanostructures
Authors: Jiang Xuejun , Wang Liushun , Li Dong , Zhou Yulan , Zhang Hanyang , Peng Yuehua , Yin Yanling , Wang Weike , Zhou Weichang , Tang Dongsheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydrated tungsten trioxide has been investigated extensively and was demonstrated to exhibit rapid proton conduction. For the purpose of fabricating electrochemical energy storage devices with higher power density, it is crucial to figure out the proton transport and storage mechanisms exactly. In this work, we have characterized the electrochemical performance and microstructure evolution during electrochemical reaction of hexagonal hydrated tungsten trioxide nanorods with different lattice water contents by ex situ XRD and Raman. With the decrease of lattice water content, the contribution of the capacitive charge storage decreases evidently, and both lattice distortion and lattice disorder increase significantly in the process of ion intercalation. Therefore, we suppose that the existence of lattice water in tungsten oxide offers a much more flexible mechanical deformation during the process of proton insertion and proton diffuse in tungsten trioxide based on the bridging oxygen mechanism. Besides that, proton prefer to be inserted/extracted in/from hydrated tungsten trioxide in the form of hydrated hydrogen ions (H3O+) when the lattice water decreases apparently. These results provides significant insight towards the understanding of proton transport in hydrated tungsten trioxide and can serve as a pattern for the compositional design of cathode materials for proton battery and supercapacitor.