bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural–urban differences in personality traits and well‐being in adulthood
Authors: Atherton Olivia E. , Willroth Emily C. , Graham Eileen K. , Luo Jing , Mroczek Daniel K. , Lewis‐Thames Marquita W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveOne large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well‐being change. However, little is known about how macro‐level contextual factors, such as rurality–urbanicity, are related to personality development and well‐being change.MethodThe present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural–urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well‐being (i.e., psychological well‐being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood.ResultsMultilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well‐being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well‐being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural–urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio‐demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well‐being). In both samples, there were no rural–urban differences in Big Five or well‐being change.ConclusionsWe discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.
Mormyrid fish as models for investigating sensory‐motor integration: A behavioural perspective
Authors: Skeels S. , von der Emde G. , Burt de Perera T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnimals possess senses which gather information from their environment. They can tune into important aspects of this information and decide on the most appropriate response, requiring coordination of their sensory and motor systems. This interaction is bidirectional. Animals can actively shape their perception with self‐driven motion, altering sensory flow to maximise the environmental information they are able to extract. Mormyrid fish are excellent candidates for studying sensory‐motor interactions, because they possess a unique sensory system (the active electric sense) and exhibit notable behaviours that seem to be associated with electrosensing. This review will take a behavioural approach to unpicking this relationship, using active electrolocation as an example where body movements and sensing capabilities are highly related and can be assessed in tandem. Active electrolocation is the process where individuals will generate and detect low‐voltage electric fields to locate and recognise nearby objects. We will focus on research in the mormyrid Gnathonemus petersii (G. petersii), given the extensive study of this species, particularly its object recognition abilities. By studying object detection and recognition, we can assess the potential benefits of self‐driven movements to enhance selection of biologically relevant information. Finally, these findings are highly relevant to understanding the involvement of movement in shaping the sensory experience of animals that use other sensory modalities. Understanding the overlap between sensory and motor systems will give insight into how different species have become adapted to their environments.
Predation risk in tree squirrels: implications of the presence of free‐ranging dogs
Authors: Tobajas J. , Ramos‐López B. , Piqué J. , Sanchez‐Rojas G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSmall mammals show variations in activity patterns due to the use of resources and the risk of predation. However, in the case of tree squirrel species, the factors that affect their activity patterns are poorly studied. We used camera trapping to investigate the activity patterns of three different squirrel species of the genus Sciurus, two species of squirrel (Sciurus aureogaster and S. oculatus) from Mexico and one from the Iberian Peninsula (S. vulgaris). In addition, we compared their activity patterns with the potential predator community and their most important predators (Mexico: gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus, ringtail Bassariscus astutus, Opossum Didelphis virginiana; Spain: red fox Vulpes vulpes, pine and stone marten Martes spp.), and with feral and free‐ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). We evaluated the predation risk by the carnivore community on the squirrels when they descend to the ground by studying their temporal overlap and observing if the squirrels have different activity patterns adjusted to the carnivore community in each study area. The results showed that the three species of squirrels consistently descended to the ground during the day, showing a variable maximum peak of activity between 8:00 and 12:00 h. Temporal overlap of activity patterns of the three species with the carnivore community was low (Δ = 0.12–0.36), same as with the main predators (Mexico: gray fox Δ = 0.14–0.21, ringtail Δ = 0.08–0.09, opossum Δ = 0.06–0.07; Spain: red fox Δ = 0.39, martens Δ = 0.22). However, temporal overlap of activity patterns with the domestic dog was moderate‐high in the three squirrel species (Mexico Δ = 0.55–0.88, Spain Δ = 0.79). These results show that the species of the genus Sciurus have adjusted their activity patterns of ground use to reduce predation risk by wild predators but not with feral and free‐ranging dogs, something which can pose a serious conservation problem for these species.
The multi‐BRCT domain protein DDRM2 promotes the recruitment of RAD51 to DNA damage sites to facilitate homologous recombination
Authors: Yu Chen , Hou Longhui , Huang Yongchi , Cui Xiaoyu , Xu Shijun , Wang Lili , Yan Shunping 
Published: February 2023

Summary
DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic form of DNA damage in cells. Homologous recombination (HR) is an error‐free repair mechanism for DSBs as well as a basis for gene targeting using genome‐editing techniques. Despite the importance of HR, the HR mechanism in plants is poorly understood.
Through genetic screens for DNA damage response mutants (DDRMs), we find that the Arabidopsis ddrm2 mutant is hypersensitive to DSB‐inducing reagents. DDRM2 encodes a protein with four BRCA1 C‐terminal (BRCT) domains and is highly conserved in plants including bryophytes, the earliest land plant lineage.
The plant‐specific transcription factor SOG1 binds to the promoter of DDRM2 and activates its expression. In consistence, the expression of DDRM2 is induced by DSBs in a SOG1‐dependent manner. In support, genetic analysis suggests that DDRM2 functions downstream of SOG1. Similar to the sog1 mutant, the ddrm2 mutant shows dramatically reduced HR efficiency. Mechanistically, DDRM2 interacts with the core HR protein RAD51 and is required for the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites.
Our study reveals that SOG1‐DDRM2‐RAD51 is a novel module for HR, providing a potential target for improving the efficiency of gene targeting.
A Morphometric Study of the Distal Femoral Resected Surface In Osteoarthritis Knees of the Patients in Southwest China and a Comparison with Femoral Components in Six Total Knee Arthroplasty Systems
Authors: Ke Song , Ran Tianfei , Ma Tianying , Qin Yinyin , Zhang Bokai , Wang Min 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveMismatch between the femoral component and the resected surface is related to the postoperative clinical outcome. This study aimed to measure the morphometric features of the distal femoral resected surfaces in patients with osteoarthritis in southwestern China and to compare the measured morphometric data with six commonly used total knee arthroplasty (TKA) femoral components in China.MethodThe computer tomography (CT) images of a total of 406 knees from 203 osteoarthritis patients who underwent TKA from January 2018 to December 2021 were imported into Mimics 21.0 software to reconstruct the three‐dimensional (3D) model of the femur. Morphometric data of the distal femoral resected surfaces were measured after the completion of simulated bone resection in the software. The data included the medial‐lateral (ML) dimension, anterior–posterior (AP) dimension, and the aspect ratio (AR) (AR = ML/AP), which were compared between genders with independent sample t‐tests. In addition, we plotted the scatter diagram of those morphometric data in Origin software, and the linear fits of ML versus AP and AR versus AP were performed and compared for the six femoral components commonly used in enrolled patients in China.ResultsThe mean ML dimension, the mean AP dimension, and the mean AR value measured for Chinese knees were 66.62 ± 4.57 mm, 58.10 ± 3.74 mm, and 1.15 ± 0.06 respectively. All dimensions were significantly larger in males than in females, including the calculated values for AR (P < 0.05). The fitted lines for males showed that the ML dimensions tended to be wider compared to femoral components of a given AP dimension. Females tended to have wider ML dimensions compared to small femoral components and, on the other hand, narrower ML dimensions compared to large femoral components.ConclusionThe femoral component of the current commonly used TKA prosthesis in China may not be perfectly matched to the distal femoral resected surface of patients in southwestern China. Male patients tended to underhang in all dimensions of the ML dimension. Female patients with shorter AP lengths are more likely to experience underhang, whereas those with longer AP lengths are more likely to develop overhangs. Therefore, we recommend multiple ML width options for a given AP length to more appropriately match the Chinese femoral anatomy.
Central pontine myelinolysis and locked‐IN syndrome associated with tacrolimus after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Albert‐Brotons Dimpna C. , Alharkan Waleed , Beheri Reem , AlHaddad Mohammed , Alali Yasser , Alheraish Yasser , Chedrawi Aziza , AlHalees Zohair 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLocked‐in syndrome represents the most severe form of central pontine myelinolysis and varies in presentation from asymptomatic to fully developed locked‐in‐syndrome characterized by the combination of quadriplegia, loss of the ability to communicate except through the use of the eyes, and an inability to follow commands.MethodsWe report a 10‐year‐old boy who developed a severe case of locked‐in syndrome after heart transplantation.ResultsPatient had a spontaneous recovery, treated with supportive treatment and the improvement was detected with cessation of calcineurin inhibitor therapy by substituting with an mTOR inhibitor (sirolimus). No cases of locked‐in syndrome post‐heart transplant in pediatrics cases have been documented in the literature.ConclusionPhysicians should recognize a rapid progression of central pontine myelinolysis and locked‐in syndrome in the context of heart transplant and although several factors likely contributed to this outcome, adjustment of immunosuppression including by substituting tacrolimus with sirolimus could be effective.
Smart cities at risk: Systemic risk drivers in the blind spot of long‐term governance
Authors: Ottenburger Sadeeb Simon , Ufer Ulrich 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, we analyze “digital massification” in smart cities, that is, an ever‐growing number of market participants, consumers, and Internet of Things devices with simultaneous accommodation of users to increasing disturbances and inconveniences due to data congestion—as a driver for systemic risk. We argue that digital massification phenomena largely escape societal awareness due to their protracted evolution and are therefore still in the blind spot of long‐term governance. Our analysis makes methodological use of historical and relational analogy, and we introduce and elaborate concepts and terms that allow us to discuss the evolutionary nature of massification, that is, the foreseeable increasing probability of the occurrence of trigger events. Using the analogy to the history of road traffic congestion, we deduce that digital massification will most likely lead to a future “risk transition” where tolerated disturbances and inconveniences of the present will turn into systemic impacts. This insight calls for heightened sensitivity in governance to massification phenomena to ensure the long‐term resilience of smart cities.
Looking through a policy window with tinted glasses: Setting the agenda for U.S. AI policy
Authors: Schiff Daniel S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe policy agenda is currently being established for artificial intelligence (AI), a domain marked by complex and sweeping implications for economic transformation tempered by concerns about social and ethical risks. This article reviews the United States national AI policy strategy through extensive qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 63 strategic AI policy documents curated by the federal government between 2016 and 2020. Drawing on a prominent theory of agenda setting, the Multiple Streams Framework, and in light of competing paradigms of technology policy, this article reviews how the U.S. government understands the key policy problems, solutions, and issue frames associated with AI. Findings indicate minimal attention to focusing events or problem indicators emphasizing social and ethical concerns, as opposed to economic and geopolitical ones. Further, broad statements noting ethical dimensions of AI often fail to translate into specific policy solutions, which may be explained by a lack of technical feasibility or value acceptability of ethics‐related policy solutions, along with institutional constraints for agencies in specific policy sectors. Finally, despite widespread calls for increased public participation, proposed solutions remain expert dominated. Overall, while the emerging U.S. AI policy agenda reflects a striking level of attention to ethics—a promising development for policy stakeholders invested in AI ethics and more socially oriented approaches to technology governance—this success is only partial and is ultimately layered into a traditional strategic approach to innovation policy.
Oral health for baby boomers: Past, present, and future
Authors: Suarez‐Durall Piedad , Mulligan Roseann , Enciso Reyes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThis paper reviews the oral health services which were available for early (1945–1955) and late (1956–1964) baby boomers, as well as predicts their future oral healthcare needs.Methods and ResultsThe knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of the parents of the baby boomers toward dental hygiene and oral healthcare, are reviewed. The introduction of dental health screenings occurred from 1910 to early 1970s, the creation of the first dental hygiene school and the introduction of water fluoridation influenced oral healthcare. Technology introduced in the dental offices in the 1960s included the high‐speed handpiece, followed by intraoral suction in 1979. Baby boomers are keeping their teeth at higher rates than preceding generations due to improved prevention and advances in the treatment of periodontal disease, and overall lower rates of smoking in older adults, when compared to younger adults. However, access to dental care remains an issue for many. Advances in prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, early detection of root caries, new restorative techniques, and improved technologies to replace teeth are also discussed.ConclusionsEarly detection of periodontal disease, oral, and oropharyngeal cancer, risk factors for tooth loss and untreated caries are needed to improve the oral health for baby boomers. Access to oral healthcare is still an issue due to socio‐economic disparities in America.
Ecosystem changes through the Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic critical intervals: Evidence from sedimentology, palaeontology and geochemistry
Authors: Pei Yu , Blumenberg Martin , Duda Jan‐Peter , Höche Nils , Peckmann Jörn , Birgel Daniel , Luo Jinxiong , Kment Kurt , Reitner Joachim 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic critical intervals are among the most significant ecological upheavals in the Phanerozoic. Both evolutionary junctures are characterized by environmental deterioration associated with a marked biodiversity decline. In this study, Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic boundary sections from South China and the Northern Calcareous Alps were investigated. In order to reconstruct the interplay between biotic and abiotic processes, a multifaceted approach that included optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, stable carbon isotopes and lipid biomarkers was employed. The lower parts of these two sections are similar as both consist of limestone with abundant fossils of eukaryotic organisms. However, the Permian–Triassic record is dominated by dasyclad green algae and fusulinid foraminifera, while the Triassic–Jurassic record is typified by corals and coralline sponges. Moving upward, both sections consist mainly of micrite and marl. Concerning the Permian–Triassic section, it transits to volcanic ash intercalated by a distinct limestone bed with abundant calcispheres (tentatively attributed to ancestors of dinoflagellates). The Triassic–Jurassic section does not provide direct evidence for volcanic activity, but also becomes rich in calcisphere‐type cysts towards the top. Additionally, the section preserves abundant 4‐methyl sterenes (diagnostic for dinoflagellates) and C37–39n‐alkanes (indicative for haptophytes). Hence, both critical intervals were associated with marked blooms of (ancestral) dinoflagellates and haptophytes (for example, coccolithophorids). These blooms were followed by ecological lag‐phases, as indicated by low carbonate contents and scarce fossils which only increased further up the sections. For both critical intervals, it is commonly assumed that the formation of voluminous volcanic provinces (Siberian Traps and Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, respectively), as well as associated processes (for example, burning of organic‐rich sediments such as coal), resulted in ecological devastation. However, results suggest that volcanism also had a positive effect on certain planktonic primary producers such as dinoflagellates and haptophytes, perhaps by delivering essential nutrients.
Do me a favor
Authors: Benziman Yotam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuppose that somebody is asking me kindly to do her a favor. She has no right to it. It is my choice whether or not to respond positively. Hence, she asks me for the favor rather than demand it. On the other hand, it seems that my refusal to do her the favor would be rude, inconsiderate, unkind, and morally wrong. This is why we tend to respond positively to favor asking and feel that we have to apologize if we refuse. In this article, I address this puzzle. I claim that refusing to do a favor is morally wrong precisely because a favor has been asked. The requestee needs me, and her very need calls upon me to reveal my goodness. In a sense, this is the strength of her weakness. I claim that acceding to do a favor is a special kind of imperfect obligation in Kant's and Mill's terminologies. As opposed to their descriptions, this obligation is directed toward a definite person at a prescribed time. It turns out that small favors are of the greatest importance for human activity. We all have our needs. We are social animals, and we are depended on others to fulfill our needs. Agreeing to do a favor is one of the building blocks of our shared social endeavor.
A multilevel stratified spatial sampling approach based on terrain knowledge for the quality assessment of OpenStreetMap dataset in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Shi Wenzhong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the development of Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) data, the OpenStreetMap has high research value in terms of project activity, social influence, urban development, application scope, and historical richness and the number of buildings or roads is increasing every day. However, how to evaluate the quality of a large amount OpenStreetMaps efficiently and accurately is still not fully understood. This article presents the development of an approach regarding multilevel stratified spatial sampling based on slope knowledge and official 1:1000 thematic maps as the reference dataset for OpenStreetMap data quality inspection of Hong Kong. This multilevel stratified spatial sampling plan is as follows: (1) The terrain characteristics of Hong Kong are fully considered by dividing grids into quality estimate strata based on the slope information; (2) Spatial sampling for the selection of grids or objects is used; (3) A more reliable sampling subset is made, regarding the representation of the entire OpenStreetMap dataset of Hong Kong. This sampling plan displays a 10% higher sampling accuracy, but without increasing the sample size, particularly as regards building completeness inspection compared with simple random sampling and systematic random sampling. This research promotes further applications of the Open‐Street‐Map dataset, thus enabling us to have a better understanding of the OpenStreetMap data quality in urban areas.
A single‐center, retrospective analysis of 17 cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti‐M antibodies
Authors: He Yanjing , Gao Wa , Li Yang , Xu Chang , Wang Qiushi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to summarize the laboratory findings and clinical features of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data for 17 infants with anti‐M‐induced HDFN (anti‐M‐HDFN) diagnosed between June 2013 and May 2019. Their maternal history, neonatal diagnosis on admission, and laboratory test results were compared with those of 15 infants with HDFN involving the ABO blood group system, 15 infants with HDFN involving the Rh system, and 15 premature infants.ResultsIn the anti‐M‐HDFN group, 94.12% (16/17), 35.29% (6/17), and 17.65% (3/17) had free antibodies in plasma, a positive direct antiglobulin test, and a positive elution test, respectively. In 12 infants, free antibody reactions were stronger at 4°C than at 37°C, and the antibody titer at 4°C ranged from 1 to 512. All 17 infants with anti‐M‐HDFN developed anemia: 14 were treated with blood transfusion and 1 with neonatal exchange transfusion. Sixteen infants improved, and one died. Anti‐M‐HDFN had a higher rate of maternal stillbirth, lower gestational age, lower birthweight, and higher incidence of respiratory distress than other HDFN types.ConclusionAnti‐M may cause HDFN. It may present with varying degrees of anemia, low regenerative anemia, and low bilirubin levels. In addition, infants with anti‐M‐HDFN may have a negative elution test and direct antiglobulin test. These tests are helpful in examining antibody responses at a low temperature of 4°C.
Epidemic outbreak and foreign direct investment fluctuation
Authors: Yu Zhen , Li Yuankun , Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper studies how foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows will fluctuate when the host country is hit by an epidemic outbreak. By analysing historical outbreak and bilateral FDI data from 2001 to 2012, we find FDI inflows during an outbreak are 21.5% below the pre‐outbreak average and 21.6% above the pre‐outbreak average FDI inflows in the 3 years after the end of an outbreak, which highlights the compensatory FDI after the end of epidemic and implies the uncertainty mechanism. We confirm the validity of the uncertainty mechanism, which converts the health shock into risk factors in the real economy, by studying the industry‐level heterogeneity and showing that the M&A in industries with lower redeployability is more sensitive to epidemic outbreaks. Finally, we explore country‐level heterogeneity that may influence the relationship between epidemic outbreaks and FDI inflows. We find that countries with poor medical conditions suffer greater decreases in FDI inflows during outbreaks, and countries with poorer institutional quality do not experience compensatory FDI after an outbreak ends.