bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holography of information in massive gravity using Dirac brackets
Authors: Chakravarty Joydeep , Jain Diksha , Sivakumar Akhil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The principle of holography of information states that in massless gravity, it is possible to extract bulk information using asymptotic boundary operators. In our work, we study this principle in a linearized setting about empty flat space and formulate it using Dirac brackets between boundary Hamiltonian and bulk operators. We then address whether the storage of bulk information in flat space linearized massive gravity resembles that of massless gravity. For linearized massless gravity, using Dirac brackets, we recover the necessary criteria for the holography of information. In contrast, we show that the Dirac bracket of the relevant boundary observable with bulk operators vanishes for massive gravity. We use this important distinction to outline the canonical Hilbert space. This leads to split states, and consequently, one cannot use asymptotic boundary observables to extract bulk information in massive gravity. We also argue the split property directly without an explicit reference to the Hilbert space. The result reflects that we can construct local bulk operators in massive gravity about the vacuum, which are obscured from boundary observables due to the lack of diffeomorphism invariance. Our analysis sheds some light on evaporating black holes in the context of the islands proposal.
Auswirkung der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Versorgung von Schwerverletzten: Analyse aus dem TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Lefering Rolf , Dommasch Michael , Biberthaler Peter , Kanz Karl-Georg 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Behandlung von Schwerverletzten bedarf intensivmedizinischer Kapazitäten, welche insbesondere während der COVID-19-Pandemie eine entscheidende Ressource darstellten. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es deshalb, die Auswirkung auf die Versorgung von Schwerverletzten unter Berücksichtigung der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung COVID-19-positiver Patienten zu analysieren.

Methoden
Demografische, präklinische und intensivmedizinische Behandlungsdaten aus dem TraumaRegister DGU® der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) der Jahre 2019 und 2020 wurden analysiert. Eingeschlossen wurden nur Schwerverletzte aus dem Bundesland Bayern. Die stationären Behandlungsdaten der COVID-19-Patienten in Bayern im Jahr 2020 wurden mittels IVENA eHealth ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 8307 Schwerverletzte im Bundesland Bayern behandelt. Insgesamt zeigte sich kein Rückgang der Anzahl der Schwerverletzten im Jahr 2020 (n = 4032) im Vergleich zu 2019 (n = 4275) (p = 0,4). Hinsichtlich der COVID-19-Fallzahlen wurden in den Monaten April und Dezember mit täglich über 800 Patienten auf einer Intensivstation Maximalwerte erreicht. In der kritischen Phase (≥ 100 COVID-19-Patienten auf Intensivstation) zeigte sich eine verlängerte Rettungszeit (64,8 ± 32,5 vs. 67,4 ± 30,6 min; p = 0,003). Die Verweildauer und die Behandlung von Schwerverletzten auf einer Intensivstation wurden nicht durch die COVID-19-Pandemie negativ beeinflusst.

Diskussion
Die intensivmedizinische Versorgung von Schwerverletzten konnte während der kritischen Phasen der COVID-19-Pandemie gewährleistet werden. Die verlängerten präklinischen Rettungszeiten zeigen mögliches Optimierungspotenzial der horizontalen Integration von Präklinik und Klinik auf.
Design for circularity and durability: an integrated approach from DFX guidelines
Authors: Mesa Jaime A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe design of circular products is now a trending topic that involves enabling reuse, repair, refurbishing, remanufacturing, and upgrading parts and products. In this field, using Design For X (DFX) tools appears to be an interesting and helpful way to address requirements and considerations by applying single design rules that can enhance performance in terms of circularity. However, the current DFX approaches are not formally oriented to a circular economy (CE), and there is no clear pathway to apply design rules for circular products. Therefore, this article proposes a classification of DFX rules based on seven CE strategies related to slowing and closing the loop of products, parts, and materials. The proposed approach consisted of a literature review, an analysis of DFX rules related to CE, and the classification of such rules in terms of CE strategies and product design stages. The analysis of DFX rules in product circularity provided insights to generate a specific design guideline of 51 rules for circular products. The guideline was denominated as the Design for Circularity and Durability (DFCD) and is proposed as a design tool for practitioners, designers, and academicians in CE. A case study is also presented to demonstrate the implementation and benefits of the DFCD guideline.
Quiver Diagonalization and Open BPS States
Authors: Jankowski Jakub , Kucharski Piotr , Larraguível Hélder , Noshchenko Dmitry , Sułkowski Piotr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants of a symmetric quiver Q, captured by the generating function $$P_Q$$

P
Q

, can be encoded in another quiver $$Q^{(\infty )}$$

Q

(
∞
)

of (almost always) infinite size, whose only arrows are loops, and whose generating function $$P_{Q^{(\infty )}}$$

P

Q

(
∞
)

is equal to $$P_Q$$

P
Q

upon appropriate identification of generating parameters. Consequences of this statement include a generalization of the proof of integrality of Donaldson–Thomas and Labastida–Mariño–Ooguri–Vafa invariants that count open BPS states, as well as expressing motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants of an arbitrary symmetric quiver in terms of invariants of m-loop quivers. In particular, this means that the already known combinatorial interpretation of invariants of m-loop quivers extends to arbitrary symmetric quivers.
Agonism does not covary with territoriality in a gregarious reptile
Authors: Ball Sarah , Potvin Dominique A. , Class Barbara , Frère Celine H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNatural selection for territoriality is theorised to occur under conditions favouring intra-sexual phenotypic variation in physiology, morphology, and behaviour. In this context, certain suites of behavioural traits associated with territoriality are expected to consistently covary among individuals (sometimes referred to as ‘behavioural syndromes’) within sexes. Agonism (conflict-associated behaviours that may or may not be associated with physical aggression) and movement—for example, ranging, or relocation within or across seasons—are two behavioural components that are associated with territoriality and may be expected to covary in this context. Territorial males are expected to employ agonistic behaviours to actively establish and defend areas and resources and show more stability in their location across the landscape. However, the interaction between agonism and movement especially for wild reptiles has rarely been tested. We investigated whether agonistic and movement behaviours correlate at the individual level both within one year and across multiple years, in a wild population of Australian eastern water dragons,Intellagama lesueurii. Although both types of behaviours exhibited among-individual repeatability over year and multi-year scales, we found no evidence of an agonistic-movement behavioural syndrome. These findings indicate that agonistic and movement behaviours are likely independent traits, and thus, territoriality may not drive shared selective pressures for both. It is possible that other social behaviours and strategies are in place to maintain social structure in this wild population.Significance statementMales of many animals establish and maintain or defend territories. Territory defence is expected to be associated with behaviours associated with conflict or expressions of dominance, to signal territory boundaries to encroaching individuals, or more aggressive approaches for active defence. We investigated whether such agonistic behaviours correlated with the distances individuals ranged or dispersed within and between years, as an indicator of territoriality. Through thousands of observations of a wild population of Australian eastern water dragons,Intellagama lesueurii, we found that although individuals showed repeatable patterns of both agonistic and movement behaviours, we found no evidence that these were correlated. It appears that territory establishment and defence may therefore not rely on agonistic signals in this species in direct contrast to other taxa, indicating that other systems are in place to maintain social structures.
Modulated Bi-Orthogonal Polynomials on the Unit Circle: The $$2j-k$$ and $$j-2k$$ Systems
Authors: Gharakhloo Roozbeh , Witte Nicholas S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe construct the systems of bi-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle where the Toeplitz structure of the moment determinants is replaced by $$\det (w_{2j-k})_{0\le j,k \le N-1} $$

det

(

w

2
j
-
k

)

0
≤
j
,
k
≤
N
-
1

and the corresponding Vandermonde modulus squared is replaced by $$\prod _{1 \le j < k \le N}(\zeta _k - \zeta _j)(\zeta ^{-2}_k - \zeta ^{-2}_j) $$

∏

1
≤
j
<
k
≤
N

(

ζ
k

-

ζ
j

)

(

ζ
k

-
2

-

ζ
j

-
2

)

. This is the simplest case of a general system of $$pj-qk$$

p
j
-
q
k

with p, q co-prime integers. We derive analogues of the structures well known in the Toeplitz case: third order recurrence relations, determinantal and multiple-integral representations, their reproducing kernel and Christoffel–Darboux sum, and associated (Carathéodory) functions. We close by giving full explicit details for the system defined by the simple weight $$ w(\zeta )=e^{\zeta }$$

w

(
ζ
)

=

e
ζ

, which is a specialisation of a weight arising from averages of moments of derivatives of characteristic polynomials over $$\textrm{USp}(2N)$$

USp
(
2
N
)

, $$\textrm{SO}(2N)$$

SO
(
2
N
)

and $$\textrm{O}^-(2N)$$

O
-

(
2
N
)

.
Structure and electrochemical properties of magnetite and polypyrrole nanocomposites formed by pyrrole oxidation with magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Wysocka-Żołopa Monika , Brzózka Aleksandra , Zambrzycka-Szelewa Elżbieta , Klekotka Urszula , Kalska-Szostko Beata , Winkler Krzysztof 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanocomposite of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and polypyrrole was prepared under sonication by a new chemical polymerization method during which Fe3O4 nanoparticles acted both as a pyrrole oxidant and as a component in the composite material. Synthesis of this nanocomposite was carried out in aqueous solution acidified to pH 2, a prerequisite for the formation of these types of material and to facilitate pyrrole oxidation by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In this way, two kind of materials were produced: Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposite in which magnetite nanoparticles were dispersed in PPy matrix and Fe3O4-aggregates@PPy nanocomposite that exhibits structure in which aggregates of magnetite nanoparticles are surrounded by a layer of polymeric phase. In the latter case, the polymerization process took place in the presence of a surfactant. These nanocomposites were characterized by electron microscopy techniques, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Particular attention was focused on the study of the electrochemical properties of the formed composites. The composite of Fe3O4 and PPy exhibits reversible electrochemical behaviour upon oxidation. The electrode process of the polymeric component oxidation in organic solvents such as acetonitrile and dichloromethane is very similar to the process in an aqueous solution.
PSEN1/SLC20A2 double mutation causes early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and primary familial brain calcification co-morbidity
Authors: Hebestreit Sophie , Schwahn Janine , Sandikci Vesile , Maros Mate E. , Valkadinov Ivan , Yilmaz Rüstem , Eckrich Lukas , Loghmani Seyed Babak , Lesch Hendrik , Conrad Julian , Wenz Holger , Ebert Anne , Brenner David , Weishaupt Jochen H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC; formerly Fahr’s disease) and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) may share partially overlapping pathogenic principles. Although the heterozygous loss-of-function mutation c.1523 + 1G > T in the PFBC-linked gene SLC20A2 was detected in a patient with asymmetric tremor, early-onset dementia, and brain calcifications, CSF β-amyloid parameters and FBB-PET suggested cortical β-amyloid pathology. Genetic re-analysis of exome sequences revealed the probably pathogenic missense mutation c.235G > A/p.A79T in PSEN1. The SLC20A2 mutation segregated with mild calcifications in two children younger than 30 years. We thus describe the stochastically extremely unlikely co-morbidity of genetic PFBC and genetic EOAD. The clinical syndromes pointed to additive rather than synergistic effects of the two mutations. MRI data revealed the formation of PFBC calcifications decades before the probable onset of the disease. Our report furthermore exemplifies the value of neuropsychology and amyloid PET for differential diagnosis.
Levi-flat CR structures on compact Lie groups
Authors: Jacobowitz Howard , Jahnke Max Reinhold 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPittie (Proc Indian Acad Sci Math Sci 98:117-152, 1988) proved that the Dolbeault cohomology of all left-invariant complex structures on compact Lie groups can be computed by looking at the Dolbeault cohomology induced on a conveniently chosen maximal torus. We generalized Pittie’s result to left-invariant Levi-flat CR structures of maximal rank on compact Lie groups. The main tools we used was a version of the Leray–Hirsch theorem for CR principal bundles and the algebraic classification of left-invariant CR structures of maximal rank on compact Lie groups (Charbonnel and Khalgui in J Lie Theory 14:165-198, 2004) .
Characterizing lesion morphology of a novel diamond-tip temperature-controlled irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter
Authors: Dhanjal Tarvinder S. , Schmidt Megan M. , Getman Michael K. , Brigham Renee C. , Al-Sheikhli Jaffar , Patchett Ian , Robinson Melissa R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The DiamondTemp ablation (DTA) system is a novel temperature-controlled irrigated radiofrequency (RF) ablation system that accurately measures tip-tissue temperatures for real-time power modulation. Lesion morphologies from longer RF durations with the DTA system have not been previously described. We sought to evaluate lesion characteristics of the DTA system when varying the application durations.

Methods
A bench model using porcine myocardium was used to deliver discrete lesions in a simulated clinical environment. The DTA system was power-limited at 50 W with temperature set-points of 50 °C and 60 °C (denoted Group_50 and Group_60). Application durations were randomized with a range of 5–120 s.

Results
In total, 280 applications were performed. Steam pops were observed in five applications: two applications at 90 s and three applications at 120 s. Lesion size (depth and maximum width) increased significantly with longer applications, until 60 s for both Group_50 and Group_60 (depth: 4.5 ± 1.2 mm and 5.6 ± 1.3 mm; maximum width: 9.3 ± 2.7mm and 11.2 ± 1.7mm, respectively). As lesions transition from resistive to conductive heating (longer than 10 s), the maximum width progressed in a sub-surface propagation. Using a “Time after Temperature 60 °C” (TaT60) analysis, depths of 2–3 mm occur in 0–5 s and depths plateau at 4.6 ± 0.8 mm between 20 and 30 s.

Conclusions
The DTA system rapidly creates wide lesions with lesion depth increasing over time with application durations up to 60 s. Using a TaT60 approach is a promising ablation guidance that would benefit from further investigation.
Finding global solutions of some inverse optimal control problems using penalization and semismooth Newton methods
Authors: Friedemann Markus , Harder Felix , Wachsmuth Gerd 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a method to solve a special class of parameter identification problems for an elliptic optimal control problem to global optimality. The bilevel problem is reformulated via the optimal-value function of the lower-level problem. The reformulated problem is nonconvex and standard regularity conditions like Robinson’s CQ are violated. Via a relaxation of the constraints, the problem can be decomposed into a family of convex problems and this is the basis for a solution algorithm. The convergence properties are analyzed. It is shown that a penalty method can be employed to solve this family of problems while maintaining convergence speed. For an example problem, the use of the identity as penalty function allows for the solution by a semismooth Newton method. Numerical results are presented. Difficulties and limitations of our approach to solve a nonconvex problem to global optimality are discussed.
The importance of parents for key outcomes among socio-economically disadvantaged students: Parents’ role in emergency remote education
Authors: Vogel Sebastian Nicolas Thomas , Stang-Rabrig Justine , McElvany Nele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParents play an important role in shaping behavioral and motivational outcomes in their child’s education, presumably even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, where concomitant school closures forced students worldwide to learn remotely at home, affecting socio-economically disadvantaged students most negatively. However, it remains unclear how different parent-focused family process variables (demanding-structuring and responsive-motivational parental involvement, responsibility for learning) and structure variables (socio-economic status, immigrant background) relate to important learning-related student outcomes, namely extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and actual participation in learning activities, during emergency remote education. Using questionnaire data from N = 117 German secondary school students (Mage = 15.14, SD = 0.93; 49.6% female) with a low average socio-economic status, structural equation models revealed associations between higher parental involvement and responsibility and higher motivational and behavioral student outcomes. Furthermore, immigrant background related negatively to some parent process variables, and indirectly negatively to extrinsic motivation. These results highlight parents’ role in learning, particularly during emergency remote education.
Social Integration: Conceptual Foundations and Open Questions. An Introduction to this Special Issue
Authors: Grunow Daniela , Sachweh Patrick , Schimank Uwe , Traunmüller Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIs the social integration of contemporary Western societies at risk? We will not provide an answer to this question, which is high on the political agenda. Instead, in our introduction to this special issue, we first offer conceptual clarifications. What is a theoretically sound and empirically useful understanding of the social integration of modern societies? Second, we ask three basic questions for which adequate answers have not yet been found: (1) How is social integration generated? That is, what are its central mechanisms? (2) Is social integration a functionally necessary precondition of societies, as concerns about its erosion suggest? Or is it a goal in itself, that is, a normatively desirable state? (3) What about the dark side of social integration, i.e., its unintended or tacitly accepted side effects for society, its individual members, or particular social groups?
Social displays—creating accountability in robotics
Authors: Müller Michael R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEven if attributes such as being social, smart, autonomous or intelligent are too ambitious in ontological terms, ‘social’ robots, ‘smart’ agents, ‘autonomous’ vehicles and comparable machines demonstrate a non-trivial mode of automatization. This mode requires the human counterpart to develop a pragmatic understanding of the role, the function and the type of behaviour of such machines. Based on this problem, the article addresses the communicative relevance of design elements such as appearance and behavioural stylisation as well as the use of sign systems in order to create social accountability. The aim is to identify the taxonomies or role figures to which non-trivial machines are socially assigned through their design and which are further differentiated with the development of new designs. This, however, presupposes a fundamental sociological understanding of the structure and function of such displays. The present article and the analytical concept of social displays pursue this intermediated objective.
How Aestivation Evolved in Turtles: A Macroevolutionary and Morphological Approach
Authors: Macip-Ríos Rodrigo , Butterfield Taggert , Raya-García Ernesto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAestivation (summer dormancy) is a long-term multiday torpor in response to hot and dry periods. It has been detected in many species of terrestrial and aquatic turtles; however, several ecological and evolutionary aspects of chelonian aestivation remain to be evaluated and understood. We conducted a comparative exploration of macroevolutionary trends in turtle aestivation and tested the potential correlation of shell morphology with the aestivation duration. We compiled a dataset of aestivation status, aestivation times, and measurements of shell morphology of 225 turtle species. We reconstructed ancestral states along a time-calibrated phylogeny and tested different evolutionary models on the presence/absence of the aestivation trait. We also performed phylogenetic comparative analysis to explore several shell morphological traits likely associated with the duration time in aestivation behavior. We found evidence of aestivation in 44% of the evaluated turtle species. Aestivation times were longer in Chelidae, Pelomedusidae, Geoemydidae, and Kinosternidae, and the shortest times in Emydidae and Testudinidae. Aestivation behavior is a derived trait evolved independently and several times in the pleurodires and cryptodires turtle groups. We found some evolutionary trends in different turtle families, Pelomedusidae and Kinosternidae showed considerable increases in the presence of the aestivation trait, while families such as Podocnemididae, Trionychidae and Chelydridae showed important deductions for the same trait. Our results for the association between shell morphology and aestivation duration in turtles were contrasting among families. Overall, it was the contribution of several and different morphological traits that allow a positive and significant association with the aestivation times.
A Note on the Order Lozanovsky Spectrum for Positive Operators
Authors: Benjamin Ronalda , Budde Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this note we consider the order Lozanovsky spectrum of a positive operator on a complex Banach lattice and show that it generally contains the order Weyl spectrum, settling a weaker form of a question raised in Alekhno (Positivity 13(1):3–20, 2009).