bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device geometry dependent deterministic skyrmion generation from a skyrmionium
Authors: Dash Adyashakti , Ojha Brindaban , Mohanty Shaktiranjan , Moharana Ashish Kumar , Bedanta Subhankar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A magnetic skyrmionium can be perceived as an association of two magnetic skyrmions with opposite topological charges. In this work, we have investigated the transformation of skyrmionium into multi-skyrmionic states via domain wall pairs in three different devices with variable geometric configurations. The same device geometries are considered for single ferromagnetic layer and synthetic antiferromagnetic system. It is observed that by tuning the current density, deterministic generation of skyrmions is possible via the spin transfer torque. The proposed device is efficiently adjustable to change the number of skyrmions also at room temperature. The results may lead to development of skyrmion-based devices for neuromorphic and unconventional computing.
Apparent activity and specific activity of lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd) decorated Co-MOF derivatives for electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Bingyan , Sun Kexin , Lang Jihui , Li Ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) rare Earth (RE) elements are often used to incorporate and regulate the local coordination environment and electronic configuration of transition metal based electrocatalysts for acquiring improved electrocatalytic performance. But for a given pristine electrode, is a Ln element concentrated more on promoting the apparent activity of original electrode or on enhancing its specific activity? To address this issue, Ln (La, Ce and Nd) decorated ZIF-67 derivative electrodes (Ln/Co/NC) were fabricated following with the detailed experimental testing of apparent activity and specific activity of assembled electrodes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed that Ce, Nd and La have played their own role in regulating the coordination electronic structure of the surface atoms of the derived Co/NC by forming different types of chemical bonds. Electrochemical (EC) results confirmed that Ce is concentrated more on the apparent activity of derived Co/NC electrode with the smallest overpotential at 50 mA cm−2 (η
50), while Nd contributes more to its reaction kinetic property with the smallest value of Tafel slope in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction process. But for oxygen evolution reaction, all of La, Ce and Nd deteriorate the apparent activity of the pristine Co/NC electrode. Comparatively, La shows a greater ability to modulate the specific activity of Co/NC with a larger electrochemical active surface area normalized current density, while Nd exhibits the best ability to re-establish the properties of reaction centers. This work illustrates the difference influence of La, Ce and Nd on the apparent activity and specific activity of the ZIF-67 derivative Co/NC electrode. It will do some favors in engineering RE elements modified composite electrodes for EC applications.
Quantum uncertainty: what to teach?
Authors: Tóth Kristóf , Tél Tamás 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a new secondary school teaching method of quantum uncertainties of two-state systems. Intending to be a material teachable in schools, only two-state systems described by real numbers can be considered. An elementary argumentation based on school statistics leads to the identification of the uncertainty of a physical quantity in such systems with the standard deviation of two random variables. We provide a qualitative picture on the state-dependence of the uncertainty, leading to a pictorial representation in the form of four petals of a flower. When considering the product of uncertainty of two essentially different physical quantities we conclude that the general feature: “if the measurement of one of the quantities is certain, the other remains uncertain”, cannot be faithfully expressed by means of an inequality, the product has no lower bound different from zero. The application of techniques used by school materials for teaching quantum physics leads to an exact formula for the state-dependence of the uncertainty valid in any two-state system described by real numbers, in full harmony with the qualitative picture. We compare the two-state case with the celebrated Heisenberg position-momentum uncertainty relation and show that these are both specific facets, but only the Heisenberg relation can be expressed by an inequality. The latter hardly provides any hint on the uncertainties of physical quantities in two-state systems. We conclude that the two-state approach is worth teaching in schools also in relation to the uncertainty relation, even if the Heisenberg relation is not part of the curriculum.
Ultra-fast, high spatial resolution single-pulse scintillation imaging of synchrocyclotron pencil beam scanning proton delivery
Authors: Clark Megan , Ding Xuanfeng , Zhao Lewei , Pogue Brian , Gladstone David , Rahman Mahbubur , Zhang Rongxiao , Bruza Petr 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. To demonstrates the ability of an ultra-fast imaging system to measure high resolution spatial and temporal beam characteristics of a synchrocyclotron proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) system. Approach. An ultra-fast (1 kHz frame rate), intensified CMOS camera was triggered by a scintillation sheet coupled to a remote trigger unit for beam on detection. The camera was calibrated using the linear (R
2 > 0.9922) dose response of a single spot beam to varying currents. Film taken for the single spot beam was used to produce a scintillation intensity to absolute dose calibration. Main results. Spatial alignment was confirmed with the film, where the x and y-profiles of the single spot cumulative image agreed within 1 mm. A sample brain patient plan was analyzed to demonstrate dose and temporal accuracy for a clinically-relevant plan, through agreement within 1 mm to the planned and delivered spot locations. The cumulative dose agreed with the planned dose with a gamma passing rate of 97.5% (2 mm/3%, 10% dose threshold). Significance. This is the first system able to capture single-pulse spatial and temporal information for the unique pulse structure of a synchrocyclotron PBS systems at conventional dose rates, enabled by the ultra-fast sampling frame rate of this camera. This study indicates that, with continued camera development and testing, target applications in clinical and FLASH proton beam characterization and validation are possible.
Interactive slide selection algorithm and machine learning in psychophysiological memory testing
Authors: Randjelovic Vladimir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. To present a new type of concealed information test (CIT) that implements the interactive slide selection (ISS) algorithm and compare its effectiveness with a standard CIT (sCIT). Approach. The ISS algorithm presents slides interactively, based on the analysis of electrodermal activity, while sCIT presents slides in a predefined, sequential order. The algorithm automatically selects irrelevant, relevant, and control slides and presents them at the moment which is physiologically most suitable for electrodermal response detection. To compare the ISS-based CIT (issCIT) and sCIT, two objects, a bag, and a wallet, were presented to 64 participants, 32 of whomwere analyzed with sCIT, and another 32 with issCIT. Main results. The results show that ISS had significantly better true/false predictions (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.01). Also, the number of false positives (FPs) was significantly lower in the issCIT group in comparison with sCIT (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). Machine learning (ML) classifiers improved precision from 49% to 79% in the sCIT group (McNemar’s test, p < 0.05), and from 85% to 100% in the issCIT group (McNemar’s test, p < 0.05). The testing time in the issCIT group ranged between 42 and 107 s, while the average was 53 s. In the sCIT group, the testing time was always 330 s. Significance. Under the presented experimental settings, the ISS algorithm obtained significantly better classification results compared to sCIT, while the application of the ML algorithms managed to improve the classification results in both groups reaching a precision of 100%. The ISS algorithm allowed for a much shorter testing time compared to sCIT.
Design and experiment of a new double needle type piezoelectric jetting dispenser
Authors: Zhao Runmao , Lv Siyuan , Chen Gang , Chen Jianneng , Wang Qicheng , Wu Min , Zheng Junjie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To improve the performance of piezoelectric (PZT) jetting dispensers in the electronic packaging industry and address the problems of oversized, easily fatigued elastic hinges and low repetition accuracy of conventional PZT jetting dispensers with a compliant mechanism-based lever, a new double needle PZT jetting dispenser prototype was developed. The advantage of the proposed structure over compliant mechanism-based lever was demonstrated by dynamics analysis. Firstly, the design stroke of the needle and the modal state of the dispenser body were analyzed using ANSYS. Secondly, the theoretical model of adhesive injection was established, the fluid pressure change process inside the nozzle during the working cycle of the jetting dispenser was simulated using Fluent, and the effects of the supply pressure and needle stroke on the injection speed of the droplet were investigated. Finally, a test bench was built to conduct the experiment, and the results showed that the supply pressure and the driving signal duty cycle between 20% and 80% were positively correlated with the size of droplet diameter, whereas the driving signal frequency was negatively correlated with the droplet diameter, thereby validating the proposed adhesive injection model. Under the experimental conditions, the highest operating frequency of the designed PZT jetting dispenser was 400 Hz, which is close to the high-frequency level of existing studies, and the minimum droplet diameter obtained was 0.36 mm, which is 0.1–0.2 mm less than that of the existing PZT jetting dispenser with a compliant mechanism drive, meeting the industry requirements for the working performance of a PZT jetting dispenser.
Displacement sensing with quasi-zero stiffness structure and flexoelectricity
Authors: Gu Haoyu , Ji Hui , Zhang Shuwen , Zhai Chongpu , Xu Minglong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flexoelectricity is a strain-gradient-induced electromechanical coupling effect promising for high-resolution sensing. A novel displacement sensing method is developed based on long-range quasi-zero stiffness and flexoelectricity. The structure of curved beams is geometrically designed by optimizing the mechanical and flexoelectric responses. For the optimal configuration, the predicted load-displacement properties and flexoelectric polarization obtained based on finite element analyses agree well with experimental observations. Within the quasi-zero stiffness range, the exported flexoelectric charge shows significant linearity to structure deformation. This study contributes a novel approach for displacement sensing with the combination of quasi-zero stiffness and flexoelectricity, providing insights into applications of flexoelectricity in functional materials and structures.
Analysis of critical current fluctuations as a means of checking the quality of high-temperature superconductor tape slitting
Authors: Gömöry F , Šouc J , Godár M , Hintze C , Grosse V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The patterns of longitudinal Ic
fluctuations in 12 mm wide manufactured high-temperature superconductor tapes are compared with those obtained after slitting the tapes to widths of 6 mm, 4 mm and 3 mm, respectively. In the statistical analysis of Ic
(x) data, the overall critical current, Ic

,ovrl
, was first calculated. In the case of fluctuating critical current, Ic

,ovrl
is lower than the average critical current, Ic

,aver
. Also, the dissipation concentrates in ‘weak spots’ with reduced critical current. A simple model allows us to estimate the thermal runaway current, I

tr
, at which the weakest location would convert to a ‘hot spot’ with rapid increase in temperature. In the prediction of I

tr
, the absolute minimum of the Ic
value, I
cmin, is essential. Then, by comparing the I

cmin
/Ic

,aver
ratio in the slit tapes to that established previously for the manufactured tape, one can deduce if some new defects have been introduced during slitting. It is also interesting to check if the relation between I

tr
and Ic

,ovrl
remains unchanged, because the lower of these two quantities represents the limit of transportable current. We have found a reduction of both I

cmin
/Ic

,aver
and I

tr
/Ic

,ovrl
ratios in those tapes containing the edges of the originally manufactured 12 mm tape. Contrary to our expectations, the most serious drops in slit tapes were not in the same location as in the original tape. However, the systematically better performance of the central strips (the tapes with both edges cut) is a strong indication that the most serious defects are created during manufacturing, close to the tape edges. We conclude that tape cutting by femtosecond laser has not introduced additional non-uniformity. The analysis also shows that the criticality of defects in applications is largely governed by the width of said defects, the cooling conditions and the thickness of the stabilizing layer.
Spectroscopic Time-series Performance of JWST/NIRSpec from Commissioning Observations
Authors: Espinoza Néstor , Úbeda Leonardo , Birkmann Stephan M. , Ferruit Pierre , Valenti Jeff A. , Sing David K. , Rustamkulov Zafar , Regan Michael , Kendrew Sarah , Sabbi Elena , Schlawin Everett , Beatty Thomas , Albert Loïc , Greene Thomas P. , Nikolov Nikolay , Karakla Diane , Keyes Charles , Alves de Oliveira Catarina , Böker Torsten , Pena-Guerrero Maria , Giardino Giovanna , Kumari Nimisha , Manjavacas Elena , Proffitt Charles , Rawle Timothy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report on James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) commissioning observations of the transiting exoplanet HAT-P-14 b, obtained using the Bright Object Time Series (BOTS) mode of the NIRSpec instrument with the G395H/F290LP grating/filter combination (3–5 μm). While the data were used primarily to verify that the NIRSpec BOTS mode is working as expected, and to enable it for general scientific use, they yield a precise transmission spectrum which we find is featureless down to the precision level of the instrument, consistent with expectations given HAT-P-14 b’s small scale-height and hence expected atmospheric features. The exquisite quality and stability of the JWST/NIRSpec transit spectrum—almost devoid of any systematic effects—allowed us to obtain median uncertainties of 50–60 ppm in this wavelength range at a resolution of R = 100 in a single exposure, which is in excellent agreement with pre-flight expectations and close to the (or at the) photon-noise limit for a J = 9.094, F-type star like HAT-P-14. These observations showcase the ability of NIRSpec/BOTS to perform cutting-edge transiting exoplanet atmospheric science, setting the stage for observations and discoveries to be made in Cycle 1 and beyond.
An axial length measurement system based on the VIPA spectrometer
Authors: Li Jinlu , Zhao Shuang , Yang Qiang , Zhou Zhehai , Liu Fangling , Li Zhende , Ling Shuaishuai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the ophthalmology field, the length of the eye axis is an effective way to determine whether the eye is healthy or not. Thus, the accurate measurement of the axial length becomes very important. In this paper, a measurement system for axial length based on a virtual image phase array spectrometer is planned. This system has many advantages, such as short acquisition time, wide spectrum measurement variability, high spectral resolution, etc. With the advantages of it being non-invasive and the fact that it can be used in real time, the optical coherence tomography system can be used to enhance the speed of the interference image spectrum of the cornea and retina. By verifying the effectiveness of the system, eye samples with an axis length of 18–32 mm are measured accurately with a measurement error of ±0.07 mm and a minimum measurement length of around 0.55 mm. The optical power of the incident light entering the sample at a wavelength of 810 nm is measured by an optical power meter to be less than 710 μm, and the power of the reflected light from the sample is 95nW. Based on the data above, the measurement system in this paper is identified as a biometric instrument that complies with internationally accepted safety standards.
An optical analogue for rotating BTZ black holes
Authors: Chen Ling , Zhang Hongbin , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate an optical realization for the rotating BTZ black hole using the recent popular photon fluid model in an optical vortex but with a new proposed expression for the optical phase. We also give the numerical realization for the optical vortex to ensure that it can be generated experimentally. Different from the earlier suggestions for the analogue rotating black holes, our proposal includes an inner horizon in the analogue black hole structure. Such structure can keep for a long distance for the convenience of observing analogue Hawking or Penrose radiations.
Tunable single-photon nonreciprocal scattering and targeted router in a giant atom-waveguide system with chiral couplings
Authors: Sun Xue-Jian , Liu Wen-Xiao , Chen Hao , Li Hong-Rong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the single-photon scattering properties of a driven three-level giant atom chirally coupled to two waveguides simultaneously in both the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes. It is shown that under the Markovian limit, the chiral photon-atom interactions enable nonreciprocal scattering in a single waveguide and targeted photon routing with a probability of 100% in two waveguides, while the presence of the driving field and the giant atom structure introduce a more tunable parameter to manipulate the single-photon scattering behaviors. We also examine how the non-reciprocity and routing capability are influenced by the imperfect chirality and the atomic dissipation. In the non-Markovian regime, we show that the scattering behaviors are more complicated. The non-Markovicity induced non-reciprocity and photon routing are demonstrated in this paper. We believe that those results have potential applications in quantum network engineering.
Experimental study of variable density compound water control based on continuous packer——A case study of deep-water HP/HT LS25 gas field in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Heng , Diao Huan , Xiao Tan , Jiang Donglei , Yu Yi , Li Zhandong , He Yingwei , Zhou Lei , Teng Dan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Based on the deep-water high temperature and high pressure LS25 gas field in the Nanhai Reservoir, through the design of heterogeneous formations and the design of water control experimental schemes, physical simulation experiments of different gas reservoir water control processes have been completed, focusing on evaluating the variable density compound water control technology based on continuous packers. In terms of the adaptability of deep-water gas reservoirs, on this basis, combined with the experiment-mine scale conversion method, a water-controlled exploitation plan for deep water high-temperature and high-pressure gas reservoirs is given. The experimental results show that: (1) Under elastic production conditions, the water body of the bottom water in the gas reservoir rises in a “progressive” manner in the initial stage, and generally develops in a “cone progression” in the middle and late stages. (2) There are obvious differences in the effects of various water control processes. A single continuous sealing body has no obvious effect on bottom water control during the gas production period of a gas well, and a single variable density screen process has no obvious effect on water control in the early stage of gas well production. The effect is good, but the risk of water channeling cannot be avoided after the gas well breaks through. The experimental effect of the variable density composite water control process based on the continuous packer is good, and the bottom water coning effect has changed to a certain extent. The experiments show that the water-free gas production period of the composite water control process is 13.7 years, the total gas production time is extended to 15.8 years, the total gas production after water control is as high as 12.37×108m3, and the recovery rate of gas wells is 9.2%, which is higher than that of elastic production. The research results aim to establish an optimal water control development model for high temperature and high-pressure deep water gas reservoirs and provide a good technical support for rational and scientific research on water control in horizontal wells of offshore deep water gas reservoirs.
Research on real-time monitoring and early warning technology of power equipment attitude under foundation settlement conditions
Authors: Tang Shugong , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jiahao , Li Qi , Zhang Xingqiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

the rainstorm erosion, soil erosion and other factors will cause the settlement or unbalanced changes of the tower foundation, which will seriously affect the safety of the transmission line operation. This paper takes a 220kV dangerous tower under foundation settlement as the research object, establishes the finite element model of fine tower and foundation, simulates the stress distribution of each part of the tower under the actual foundation settlement condition, and determines the weakest node of the tower and install a monitoring system. Based on the finite element simulation results under various operating conditions, the reliability of the simulation results is obtained, and the early warning is given according to the real-time monitoring results of the system. In addition, the study can guide the stability of poles and towers under foundation settlement conditions.
Research on the business model of Financing of Capitalized Carbon Quota based on blockchain intelligent integrated energy management and control system
Authors: Zhijun Yu , Jinping Tian , Anqiang Zhang , Yan Zhao , Yu Cao , Lyujun Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The carbon emission trading in China is mainly managed by a centralized system, with too much administrative intervention and a lack transparent trading information. This has led to the inactivity of the carbon trading market. To innovate the carbon market in China and help small and medium-sized carbon reduction enterprises to achieve the “dual carbon” target, the essay firstly launches a research on the intelligent integrated energy control system (including data uploaded to blockchain, data capitalization and carbon pool bank) based on the low-concentration gas treatment project of Shizuishan abandoned coalmine. The system solves the problems of non-transparent data utilization of abandoned coalmine gas and launches the full life circle carbon trace management mechanism for carbon emission and trading. Secondly, based on the energy control system, the Financing of Capitalized Carbon Quota by Blockchain (FCCQB) business model has been proposed for the first time in China to solve the problem of financing difficulties, lack of financing channels and inadequate policy support for small and medium-sized carbon reduction enterprises. The carbon trading market has achieved interconnectivity and high efficiency by the traceable and indispensable characteristics of blockchain. Besides, the FCCQB business model can be promoted in various industrial parks and enterprise gathering areas across the country.