bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous thrombolysis + endovascular thrombectomy versus thrombolysis alone in large vessel occlusion mild stroke: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Schwarz Ghil , Bonato Sara , Lanfranconi Silvia , Matusevicius Marius , Ghione Isabella , Valcamonica Gloria , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Paiva Nunes Ana , Mancuso Michelangelo , Zini Andrea , Candelaresi Paolo , Rand Viiu‐Marika , Comi Giacomo P. , Mazya Michael V. , Ahmed Niaz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe best reperfusion treatment for patients with mild acute ischaemic stroke harbouring proximal anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) is unknown. The aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) plus endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) versus IVT alone in LVO patients with mild symptoms.MethodsFrom the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke–International Stroke Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Register (SITS‐ISTR), were included: (i) consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients, (ii) treated within 4.5 h from symptoms onset, (iii) baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤5 and (iv) intracranial internal carotid artery [ICA], M1 or T occlusion [defined as occlusion of ICA terminal bifurcation]. After propensity score matching, 3‐month functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–1 and 0–2) and safety outcomes (symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage and death) were compared (via univariable and multivariable logistic [and ordinal] regression analyses) in patients treated with IVT + EVT versus IVT alone.ResultsIn all, 1037 patients were included. After propensity score matching (n = 312 per group), IVT + EVT was independently associated with poor functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.46 for mRS 0–1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.72, p = 0.001; aOR 0.52 for mRS 0–2, 95% CI 0.32–0.84, p = 0.007; aOR 1.61 for 1‐point shift in mRS score, 95% CI 1.12–2.32, p = 0.011), with no significant differences in safety outcomes compared to IVT alone, despite numerically higher rates of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (3.3% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.082), a higher rate of any haemorrhagic transformation (17.6% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.001) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (7.9% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.002) in the IVT + EVT group.DiscussionIn anterior circulation LVO patients presenting with NIHSS score ≤5, IVT + EVT (vs. IVT alone) was associated with poorer 3‐month functional outcome. Randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the best treatments in mild LVO patients.
Disentangling the drivers of continental mammalian endemism
Authors: Shipley Benjamin R. , McGuire Jenny L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndemic species and species with small ranges are ecologically and evolutionarily distinct and are vulnerable to extinction. Determining which abiotic and biotic factors structure patterns of endemism on continents can advance our understanding of global biogeographic processes, but spatial patterns of mammalian endemism have not yet been effectively predicted and reconstructed. Using novel null model techniques, we reconstruct trends in mammalian endemism and describe the isolated and combined effects of physiographic, ecological, and evolutionary factors on endemism. We calculated weighted endemism for global continental ecoregions and compared the spatial distribution of endemism to niche‐based, geographic null models of endemism. These null models distribute species randomly across continents, simulating their range sizes from their degree of climatic specialization. They isolate the effects of physiography (topography and climate) and species richness on endemism. We then ran linear and structural models to determine how topography and historical climate stability influence endemism. The highest rates of mammalian endemism were found in topographically rough, climatically stable ecoregions with many species. The null model that isolated physiography did not closely approximate the observed distribution of endemism (r2 = .09), whereas the null model that incorporated both physiography and species richness did (r2 = .59). The linear models demonstrate that topography and climatic stability both influenced endemism values, but that average climatic niche breadth was not highly correlated with endemism. Climate stability and topography both influence weighted endemism in mammals, but the spatial distribution of mammalian endemism is driven by a combination of physiography and species richness. Despite its relationship to individual range size, average climate niche breadth has only a weak influence on endemism. The results highlight the importance of historical biogeographic processes (e.g. centers of speciation) and geography in driving endemism patterns, and disentangle the mechanisms structuring species ranges worldwide.
Helicobacter pylori treatment knowledge, access and barriers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bailey Kimberly S. , Brown Heidi E. , Lekic Viktor , Pradeep Kathi , Merchant Juanita L. , Harris Robin B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (Hp) is among the most common bacterial infections in the world and one of the most common infectious agents linked to malignancy, gastric cancer (GC). Within the US there is high disparity in the rates of Hp infection and associated diseases. Hp infection is treatable, and knowledge may influence screening and treatment seeking behaviors.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study of 1042 respondents recruited from the Online Amazon MTurk platform, we sought to assess baseline knowledge of Hp and to gain insight into barriers related to Hp care.ResultsJust over half (52.3%) reported some prior knowledge of Hp with 11.7% (n = 122) reporting being treated for Hp themselves and 21.4% reporting family members diagnosed with Hp. Of respondents reporting prior treatment, 95 (78%) reported GI upset and 27 (21%) reported not completing medications. Specific to Hp and GC, 70% indicated that a belief that the treatment was worse than the symptoms would affect their willingness to seek care, while 81% indicated knowing Hp can cause GC would affect their treatment decisions and knowing their gastric symptoms were caused by Hp would affect their willingness to receive care.ConclusionsKnowledge of Hp in this US sample of online respondents is low and self‐reported difficulties with treatment compliance is high. Increasing awareness of this infection and addressing the challenges to treatment compliance could potentially reduce rates of Hp antibiotic resistance and progression to GC or other complications of Hp infection.
Use of the particle agglutination/particle agglutination inhibition test for antigenic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kobayashi Jun , Matsuyama Shutoku , Shirakura Masayuki , Arita Tomoko , Suzuki Yasushi , Asanuma Hideki , Watanabe Shinji , Hasegawa Hideki , Nakamura Kazuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe antigenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a critical issue for the effectiveness of the vaccine, and thus, it should be phenotypically evaluated by serological assays as new field isolates emerge. The hemagglutination/hemagglutination inhibition (HA/HI) tests are well known as a representative method for antigenic analysis of influenza viruses, but SARS‐CoV‐2 does not agglutinate human or guinea pig red blood cells. Therefore, the antigenic analysis requires complicated cell‐based assays using special equipment such as plate reader or ELISPOT analyzer.MethodsBased on the HA/HI tests for influenza viruses, we developed the particle agglutination/particle agglutination inhibition (PA/PAI) test to easily and rapidly quantify the virus and antibody using human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)‐bound latex beads. The virus titers were determined by mixing the beads and the virus from culture supernatant, settling it overnight, and then observing the sedimentation/agglutination pattern (PA test). The neutralization antibody titers were determined by mixing virus‐infected hamster antisera in addition to the beads and virus (PAI test).ResultsThe PA titer was positively correlated with the plaque‐forming units. The PAI titer using the hamster antisera clearly revealed the antigenic difference between the omicron and previous variants. The antigenic differences were supported by the results shown in other methods.ConclusionsThe PAI test is an easy and rapid method to analyze the antigenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2.
130/80 mmHg as a unifying hypertension threshold for office brachial, office central, and ambulatory daytime brachial blood pressure
Authors: Chuang Shao‐Yuan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chang Wei‐Lun , Yeh Wan‐Yu , Huang Chi‐Jung , Chen Chen‐Huan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated the prognostic values for office brachial (OB), office central (OC), and ambulatory daytime brachial (AmDB) hypertension, as defined by a unifying threshold of 130/80 mmHg, and the incremental value of either OC or AmDB hypertension to OB hypertension. A total of 1219 community residents without receiving anti‐hypertensive treatment (671 men and 548 women, aged ≥ 30 years old) from central Taiwan and Kinmen islands had OB, OC, and AmDB blood pressure measurements during a cardiovascular survey conducted in 1992–1993. OB hypertension, OC hypertension, and AmDB hypertension were all defined in retrospect at the threshold of 130/80 mmHg. They were followed up for nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events until December 31, 2017, by linking the baseline database to the National Health Insurance Research dataset and the National Death Registry. During a follow‐up of 25 612.5 person‐years (Average event‐free time: 21.0 years), there were 368 fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. In multivariable analyses, OB hypertension, OC hypertension, and AmDB hypertension had similar hazard ratios for cardiovascular events [2.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.47‐2.80]; 1.92 (1.47‐2.51); and 1.79 (1.41‐2.29), respectively. Using OB normotension as the reference, either the concordant OB and OC hypertension [2.24 (1.61‐3.12)], or the concordant OB and AmDB hypertension [2.52 (1.80‐3.54)] was significantly associated with cardiovascular events. Moreover, OB hypertension plus AmDB normotension was also significantly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. We concluded that OB hypertension, OC hypertension, and AmDB hypertension defined by a unifying threshold of 130/80 mmHg may provide similar estimates of long‐term risk for cardiovascular events. Cross‐classification analyses suggest that addition of OC hypertension or AmDB hypertension may improve the prognostic value of OB hypertension.
Five‐year outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing single‐tooth implant‐supported restoration with either zirconia or titanium abutments
Authors: Ferrantino Luca , Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of the abutment material (zirconia vs. titanium) on the long‐term aesthetic and clinical outcomes of implant‐supported restorations.Materials and MethodsIn 30 patients, a single implant‐supported restoration with either a zirconia or a titanium abutment was placed in the anterior maxilla (incisors, canines, and bicuspids). Aesthetic (Implant Crown Aesthetic Index or ICAI), clinical, radiographic, and patient‐centred outcomes were recorded at baseline (1 month after final restoration), 1 year, and 5 years of follow‐up. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02315794).ResultsTwenty‐five subjects completed the follow‐up visits at 1 and 5 years. ICAI values showed statistically significant better aesthetic outcomes when zirconia abutments were used compared to titanium abutments. Between 1 and 5 years, the aesthetic sub‐analysis of the crown component worsened but the mucosal sub‐analysis improved. There were no significant changes in bone levels, but the plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depths worsened in both groups.ConclusionsAt 5 years, standard zirconia abutments achieved better aesthetic outcomes, although with similar clinical behaviour.
Applicability of the histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution as a machine perfusion solution for marginal liver grafts
Authors: Iwata Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Naoto , Ishii Daisuke , Toriumi Asuka , Otani Masahide , Ohara Mizuho , Obara Hiromichi , Nishikawa Yuji , Yokoo Hideki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThere are very few reports comparing the use of the University of Wisconsin solution and histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution as machine perfusion solutions for marginal liver grafts. We aimed to clarify whether the use of the histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution in hypothermic machine perfusion improves the split‐liver graft function in a large animal model.MethodsPorcine split‐liver grafts were created by 75% liver resection. Hypothermic machine perfusion experimental groups were divided as follows: Group 1, perfusate, University of Wisconsin gluconate solution (UW group; n = 5), and Group 2, perfusate, histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution (HTK group; n = 4). After 4 h of preservation, the liver function was evaluated using an isolated liver reperfusion model for 2 h.ResultsIn the HTK group, the portal vein and hepatic artery resistance during hypothermic machine perfusion and the portal vein resistance during isolated liver reperfusion were lower than those in the UW group. In addition, the total Suzuki score for hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury in the HTK group was significantly better than that in the UW group. The number of anti‐ETS‐related genes staining‐positive sinusoid epithelial cell nuclei in the HTK group was higher than that in the UW group (not significant).ConclusionsThe histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution can be perfused with lower vascular resistance than the University of Wisconsin solution, reducing shear stress and preventing sinusoid epithelial cell injury in marginal grafts used as split‐liver grafts.
Phylotranscriptomics of Swertiinae (Gentianaceae) reveals that key floral traits are not phylogenetically correlated
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Ruhfel Brad R. , Li Jialiang , Wang Zefu , Zhang Lushui , Zhang Lei , Mao Xingxing , Wang Ji , He Dashan , Luo Yue , Hu Quanjun , Duan Yuanwen , Xu Xiaoting , Xi Zhenxiang , Liu Jianquan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTEstablishing how lineages with similar traits are phylogenetically related remains critical for understanding the origin of biodiversity on Earth. Floral traits in plants are widely used to explore phylogenetic relationships and to delineate taxonomic groups. The subtribe Swertiinae (Gentianaceae) comprises more than 350 species with high floral diversity ranging from rotate to tubular corollas and possessing diverse nectaries. Here we performed phylogenetic analysis of 60 species from all 15 genera of the subtribe Swertiinae sensu Ho and Liu, representing the range of floral diversity, using data from the nuclear and plastid genomes. Extensive topological conflicts were present between the nuclear and plastome trees. Three of the 15 genera represented by multiple species are polyphyletic in both trees. Key floral traits including corolla type, absence or presence of lobe scales, nectary type, nectary position, and stigma type are randomly distributed in the nuclear and plastome trees without phylogenetic correlation. We also revealed the likely ancient hybrid origin of one large clade comprising 10 genera with diverse floral traits. These results highlight the complex evolutionary history of this subtribe. The phylogenies constructed here provide a basic framework for further exploring the ecological and genetic mechanisms underlying both species diversification and floral diversity.
Anxiety in pregnancy and stress responsiveness: An exploratory study of heart rate variability, cortisol, and alpha‐amylase in the third trimester
Authors: Riddle Julia N. , Jager Leah R. , Sherer Morgan , Pangtey Meeta , Osborne Lauren M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the association between anxiety symptoms, including sleep, and physiological stress responsiveness in pregnant women with and without anxiety, as identified by psychiatric diagnosis. Fifty‐four pregnant women with (n = 25) and without (n = 29) anxiety completed a laboratory cognitive stressor (the Stroop Color‐Word Task) during the third trimester. Heart rate variability (HRV) (as the root mean square of successive differences, RMSSD) was recorded during baseline, stressor, and recovery periods. Salivary cortisol (sCORT) and alpha amylase (sAA) were measured at four timepoints surrounding the stressor task. Psychometric scales (Penn State Worry Questionnaire [PSWQ], Perceived Stress Scale [PSS], Spielberg Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale [STAI], and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) were collected. Women in the anxiety group exhibited significantly less rebound in HRV (RMSSD, change of 4‐ms difference, p = .025) from baseline to recovery following the Stroop than did those in the non‐anxiety group. Neither neuroendocrine measure (sCORT, sAA) differed between groups at any measurement period. Across the recording period, lower reported sleep quality (PSQI, p = .0092) and higher subjective stress (PSS, p = .039) were associated with lower RMSSD. The findings suggest that women with and without anxiety in late pregnancy display differences in the degree of autonomic rebound as indicated by HRV following a stressor. In addition, levels of HRV over time were associated with subjective perceptions of increased stress and poor sleep.Pregnancy and AnxiousThe Role of the Immune and Endocrine Systems (NCT03664128).
Osteohistology and palaeobiology of giraffids from the Mio‐Pliocene Langebaanweg (South Africa)
Authors: Jannello Juan Marcos , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reconstruction of life history traits, such as growth rate, age at maturity and age at death can be estimated from the histological analysis of long bones. Here, we studied 20 long bones (metapodials, tibia and femora) of Sivatherium hendeyi and Giraffa cf. Giraffa jumae recovered from the Miocene–Pliocene locality of Langebaanweg on the West Coast of South Africa. We analysed the long bone histology and growth marks of juvenile and adult specimens of these taxa. Our results show that bone tissue types and vascular canal orientation varies during ontogeny, as well as between the different skeletal elements, and also across single cross sections of bones. Majority of our specimens appear to be still growing, with only an adult metacarpal of S. hendeyi being skeletally mature as indicated by the presence of an outer circumferential layer. We propose that the growth marks preserved in the cortices of the bones studied are most likely related to multiple catastrophic events as opposed to being annual/seasonal.
I was, I am, I will be: Identity and time perspective before and duringCOVID‐19
Authors: Bobba Beatrice , Lynch Lucia Stella , Sugimura Kazumi , Crocetti Elisabetta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ways in which youth reach a stable identity, a core developmental task of emerging adulthood, are intertwined with their perceptions of the past, present, and future. Additionally, these dynamics are embedded in and are strongly influenced by the socio‐historical context and concurrent events, such as COVID‐19. This study examines how different groups of emerging adults (university students and workers) engage in identity processes in educational/vocational and interpersonal domains and frame their perspective of time before (N = 299,Mage = 21.90; 51.4% females) and during the pandemic (N = 497;Mage = 23.11; 68.2% females). Significant differences in identity processes and time perspective emerged between the two cohorts. Moreover, significant associations between identity and time perspective were found to be similar across different identity domains and cohorts.
Stress and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: How can the COVID‐19 pandemic inform our understanding and treatment of acute insomnia?
Authors: Elder Greg J. , Altena Ellemarije , Palagini Laura , Ellis Jason G. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryStress and sleep are very closely linked, and stressful life events can trigger acute insomnia. The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic is highly likely to represent one such stressful life event. Indeed, a wide range of cross‐sectional studies demonstrate that the pandemic is associated with poor sleep and sleep disturbances. Given the high economic and health burden of insomnia disorder, strategies that can prevent and treat acute insomnia, and also prevent the transition from acute insomnia to insomnia disorder, are necessary. This narrative review outlines why the COVID‐19 pandemic is a stressful life event, and why activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, as a biological marker of psychological stress, is likely to result in acute insomnia. Further, this review outlines how sleep disturbances might arise as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and why simultaneous hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis measurement can inform the pathogenesis of acute insomnia. In particular, we focus on the cortisol awakening response as a marker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function, as cortisol is the end‐product of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. From a research perspective, future opportunities include identifying individuals, or particular occupational or societal groups (e.g. frontline health staff), who are at high risk of developing acute insomnia, and intervening. From an acute insomnia treatment perspective, priorities include testing large‐scale online behavioural interventions; examining if reducing the impact of stress is effective and, finally, assessing whether “sleep vaccination” can maintain good sleep health by preventing the occurrence of acute insomnia, by preventing the transition from acute insomnia to insomnia disorder.
Framing the tendency to betray one's good intentions. Akrasia as a dialogical dynamic
Authors: Romaioli Diego 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAkrasia, otherwise known as ‘weakness of will’, is a state of mind whereby people act deliberately against their better judgment. This paper aims to provide a conceptual framework for understanding akrasia from psychosocial perspectives that assume the self is multiple and strongly interconnected with the relational flow of which it is a part. Drawing on key ideas from Dialogical Self Theory, we analyze the main dialogical dynamics that can generate akratic episodes with reference to how individuals organize their personal position repertoire, and to the relational and socio‐cultural setting in which the actions are taken. The discussion enables us to identify some indicators to frame the tendency to betray one's good intentions, and to offer some suggestions on how to reduce the occurrence of the various forms of akrasia analyzed.