bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Trends in Climate Variables and the Adaptation Strategies Used by Cardamom Growers in Idukki District of Kerala, India
Authors: Devika R. S. , Devi M. Nirmala , Karthikeyan C. , Dheebakaran Ga. , Gangaiselvi R. 
Published: August 2023

Aim: The study's main goal is to find any significant variations in the climatic variables and to analyze the preferences about adaptation strategies by the farmers to lessen the effects of the same.
Study Area and Design: An ex-post-facto study was conducted at randomly selected panchayaths in Nedumkandam, Idukki, Kerala.
Methodology: The climate data for 30 years (1991-2021) was analyzed using Mann-Kendall test and sen slope estimator. A sample size of 120 farmers was surveyed for identifying their preferences for adaptation measures. Adaptation strategies proposed by various institutions and experts were ranked using the Response Priority Index.
Results: Throughout the july month every year, the maximum temperature rise by 0.06◦C, and this increase is significant at 1% level. The minimum temperature increased considerably by 0.06◦C at 5% level in December and by 0.04 ◦C at 10% level in January. For the month of June, there was a 6.15 mm significant decrease at the 0.01 level of significance. March had a rise in precipitation of 0.753 mm, which is noteworthy at the 0.05 level. The increase in rainfall during summer may increase panicle initiation whereas reduction in rainfall during June affects flowering. At the 0.1 criterion, the increase in May was 2.028 mm, which is considerable. And at the 0.1 level of significance, the relative humidity rises by 0.19% and 0.15%, respectively, in March and May. Fluctuation in these parameters resulted in increased pest and disease incidence. 86.66 % of farmers found it important to adopt adaptation measures. The first listed adaptation measure was maintaining a good level of shade. The least effective of the suggested solutions was growing disease and pest-resistant cultivars.
Conclusion: The tests confirmed a shift in climate variables, and it is evident that this change affects cardamom production.
Response of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) to Micronutrient Mixture in the Micronutrient Deficient Alfisol
Authors: Venkateswarlu Meeniga , Thiyageshwari S. , Suganya S. , Anandham R. , Selvi D. , Saraswathi T. 
Published: August 2023

Aim: Though the effect of foliar application of micronutrients is well established, research on the performance of cauliflower with combined application of micronutrients is very meager. Keeping this in view, the research work was proposed to assess the effect of Micronutrient Mixture on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower under field conditions.
Study Design: The field experiment in a randomized block design consisted of 6 treatment combinations with four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Farmers Field, Deverayapuram, Thondamuthur, Coimbatore. The field experiment was conducted from March 2023 to May 2023.
Methodology: The micronutrient mixture specific to cauliflower was developed at various levels based on their requirement to crop, with data obtained from soil testing, literature on nutrient uptake, and micronutrient deficiencies in cauliflower crops. Different rates of micronutrient mixture viz., 15, 20, 25, and 30 kg ha-1 combined with farmyard manure (FYM), were used to enhance fertilizer solubility.
Results: It was recorded that the application of Micronutrient Mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 increased morphological characters and yield compared to other treatments followed by the Micronutrient Mixture @ 25 kg ha-1. The minimum yield and morphological characters were recorded in the control plot where neither FYM nor Micronutrient Mixture was applied.
Conclusion: This research depicted that the combined application of a micronutrient mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 incubated with FYM has a positive impact on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soil under field conditions resulting in improved morphological characters and crop yield. Hence, it may be concluded that an optimum dose of 30kg ha-1 can be recommended for cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soils to enhance crop productivity.
Effect of Nutrients Management Management Practices on Growth and Yield Parameters of Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus spp. napus).
Authors: Deekshith H. N.  , Mankotia B. S.  , Manuja S.  
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted at Shivalik Agriculture Research and Extension Centre (SAREC), CSKHPKV, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh to study the response of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer as well as their combinations with farm yard manure (FYM), secondary and micro nutrients on growth and yield of gobhi sarson during rabi 2019-20. The experiment consists of eleven treatments which replicated thrice under Randamized block design (RBD). Results of the experiment revealed that yield attributes like plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, and1000 seed weight were maximum in 150 per cent NPK was applied and minimum control. Seed and stover yield of mustard was significantly influenced with fertilizer application. Application of 150 per cent NPK resulted in significantly higher seed yield, stover yield as well as biological yield of gobhi sarson. Yield responses to fertilization were ranked as NPK>NP>NK>PK, illustrating that N was the most limiting nutrient in rapeseed productivity following P and K. The seed yield (1451.2 kgha-1) and stover yield (2815.7 kgha-1) increased progressively and significantly with 150% NPK application over recommended fertilizer dose followed by application of 100 per cent NPK in combination with farmyard manure (FYM).
Root Parameter Investigation in Standardized Media for Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea comm. Ex Juss.) Propagation
Authors: Minj Shashi Kiran , Gupta P. Pooja , Kumar Rajnish , Khilari Madhavi , Painkra Dayanand Sai 
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 16 treatments and 5 replications comprising of soilless media and biofertilizer Azotobacter. The present experiment entitled “Standardization of media for propagation of Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea comm. Ex Juss.)” was carried out at Horticultural nursery, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur, (C.G) during the year 2019-20. All of the media treatments compared to the control had better vegetative and rooting qualities. Soil + Sand + Cocopeat had the highest sprouting rate and survival percentage of all the media treatments tested. All other Root attributes viz. The minimum days to rooting (144.80), The longest root length (6.08), highest number of roots per cutting (63.54). The most cuttings that could successfully take root (24.00) were found to be idealistic in media including soil, sand, and cocopeat. The results showed that all increasing media treatments had a substantial impact on all variables related to Bougainvillea development, including shoot and root growth. The results showed that the development of Bougainvillea as well as all the growing media treatments had a significant impact on all the characters' associated root growth. The maximum overall production cost has been seen in T6 (Soil + Sand + Cocopeat) and the least production cost in T13 (Soil + Azotobacter). Combination of rooting media has been beneficial to significantly increase the vegetative growth parameters and economics as compared to control in Bougainvillea.
Genetic Variances, Heritability and Traits Association of Early Maturing Maize Hybrids under Induced Drought at Seedling and Flowering Stages
Authors: Adewale S. A. , Akinwale R. O. 
Published: August 2023

Aims: Information on traits association and inheritance are crucial to designing appropriate breeding strategies for improving maize production and productivity in drought-prone ecologies. The objectives of this study were to investigate inter-trait relationships among maize hybrids and estimate genetic variances and heritability of drought tolerance parameters under seedling and flowering drought conditions.
Methodology: Sixty-six single cross hybrids generated using diallel mating design plus nine hybrid checks were evaluated using a 5 x 15 alpha lattice and randomized complete block designs in three replicates on the field and in the screenhouse respectively, during 2015 cropping season. Data were collected on grain yield, ears per plant, anthesis-silking interval, seedling aspect, chlorophyll content and leaf area and these data were subjected to analysis of variance as well as correlation and path coefficient analyses.
Results: Significant mean squares (P = .05) were observed for all measured traits except leaf area and shoot fresh weight. Narrow-sense heritability estimate for grain yield was moderate (33.4%) on the field and low (0 – 25%) for all the seedling traits. The low narrow-sense heritability estimates observed for most seedling traits implied that the scope for improvement of these traits in the genotypes is limited. Seedling traits under drought stress were not directly correlated with grain yield on the field except number of dead leaves relative to the total number of leaves. Results of the path analysis revealed that number of leaves, number of dead leaves and chlorophyll content under the screenhouse conditions had significant direct effects on grain yield on the field.
Conclusion: Number of leaves, and chlorophyll content under drought at seedling stage could therefore be used as indicator traits for grain yield improvement in maize exposed to drought stress at flowering stage.
Growth Factors for a Strawberry Crop are Affected by Microalgae and Vermicompost
Authors: Singh Sachin Kumar , Singh Jasveer , Rajveer  , Simon Sobita , Choudhary Naseeb 
Published: August 2023

A Randomized Block Design (RBD) field experiment was conducted in Central Research Farm (CRF) at Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P. during the Rabi season of 2019-2020 in pots. Growth factors for a strawberry crop are affected by microalgae and vermicompost different dose of microalgae and vermicompost on number of leaves and height per plant of strawberry at 30, 60 and 90 DAT under field condition.
The maximum number of leaves (per plant) was recorded T9 @ Microalgae 8g + vermicompost (16, 18 and 23.50 per plant, respectively) followed by T6 @ Microalgae @ 5g/pot + Vermicompost (15.75, 20.00 and 21.50 per plant, respectively) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, respectively. The treatment T9 @ Microalgae 8g + vermicompost recorded maximum plant height (cm) (14.80, 23.03 and 28.58 cm, respectively) followed by T8 @ Microalgae @ 7g/pot + Vermicompost (14.13, 22.23 and 26.43cm, respectively) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, respectively. Shows significant increment in the number of leaves per plant, at different intervals and all the other treatments were non-significate among each other. And all the treatments showed significant result in comparison to control treatment.
Employment Efficiency, Financial and Administrative Corruption: A Study in the Dialectical Relationship between Them
Authors: Agha Sabah Hameed Ali , Suleiman Salem 
Published: August 2023

The human resource is the essential element of the production process, which is inevitable to ensure better productivity. For this reason, organizations try to invest these capabilities of human resources in what they were prepared for, through planning and defining jobs in accordance with the objectives of the institution and in line with its field of work. So jobs must be compatible with the objectives of the institution, and the activity the jobs are exercises.
All of this made the title of the job as an indication of the work that is practiced.
So the title of the job must indicate the activity, tasks accomplish and the work employee perform. Anything contrary to that is reflected in a waste of financial and human resources , which leads to a decline in their performance . But looking at reality shows otherwise, as job titles do not reflect their content, nor do individuals work in positions that do not correspond to their specializations, and that what they receive in terms of wages does not reward their performance neither in kind nor in level.
Phylogenetic Analysis by Molecular Sequence of Various Human Interleukins
Authors: Rosales María Elena Tejeda , Tejeda Manuel Guillermo Sánchez , Tejeda Juan Francisco Sánchez , Ruiz Juan Francisco Sánchez 
Published: August 2023

Due to the importance of interleukins in the immune response, cell differentiation, and their potential use to treat autoimmune diseases and tumors, we decided to perform in this article a phylogenetic classification through the molecular sequence of several interleukins.
Aims: To make a general description of the most probable evolutionary history of the interleukins’ lineage by building a phylogenetic tree using statistical models.
Methodology: The molecular sequences of 16 human interleukins were downloaded from the UNIPROT website in FASTA format. With the free software MEGA11, using a maximum likelihood statistical model, the phylogenetic tree was built; subsequently, the constants were incorporated in the model to calibrate the time tree marker.
Results: Our results show that the first interleukins of Homo sapiens sapiens were outlined in the Upper Paleolithic. The evolutionary history of 8 interleukins probably occurred in the Mesolithic period. In the Neolithic, already with the discovery of agriculture, 6 Interleukins were developed.
Conclusions: Our results show that the appearance of different IL’s throughout the history of humanity, from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, coincides with climatic changes, variations in diet and / or lifestyle of humankind. In addition, some archaeological findings could be relevant to understanding how human evolution influenced the development of IL's, such as the genetic exchange between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
Automated detection of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome via quantitative EEG
Authors: Eckhardt Christine A. , Sun Haoqi , Malik Preeti , Quadri Syed , Santana Firme Marcos , Jones Daniel K. , van Sleuwen Meike , Jain Aayushee , Fan Ziwei , Jing Jin , Ge Wendong , Danish Husain H. , Jacobson Caron A. , Rubin Daniel B. , Kimchi Eyal Y. , Cash Sydney S. , Frigault Matthew J. , Lee Jong Woo , Dietrich Jorg , Westover M. Brandon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an automated, physiologic metric of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome among patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from 2016 to 2020 at two tertiary care centers among patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy with a CD19 or B‐cell maturation antigen ligand. We determined the daily neurotoxicity grade for each patient during EEG monitoring via chart review and extracted clinical variables and outcomes from the electronic health records. Using quantitative EEG features, we developed a machine learning model to detect the presence and severity of neurotoxicity, known as the EEG immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome score.ResultsThe EEG immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome score significantly correlated with the grade of neurotoxicity with a median Spearman's R2 of 0.69 (95% CI of 0.59–0.77). The mean area under receiving operator curve was greater than 0.85 for each binary discrimination level. The score also showed significant correlations with maximum ferritin (R2 0.24, p = 0.008), minimum platelets (R2 –0.29, p = 0.001), and dexamethasone usage (R2 0.42, p < 0.0001). The score significantly correlated with duration of neurotoxicity (R2 0.31, p < 0.0001).InterpretationThe EEG immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome score possesses high criterion, construct, and predictive validity, which substantiates its use as a physiologic method to detect the presence and severity of neurotoxicity among patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy.
Interlayer Polymerization of 2D Chiral Perovskite Single‐Crystal Films toward High‐Performance Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Yin Xing , Gu Zhenkun , Yuan Meng , Ma Jianpeng , Li Tenglong , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen , Song Yanlin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2D chiral perovskite has greatly boosted the development of optoelectronic devices, ranging from nonlinear optics, spintronics, and ferroelectrics to energy harvesting devices. Despite circularly polarized light (CPL) detection based on chiral perovskite has been achieved, the environmental humidity‐, ultraviolet (UV), and temperature‐induced structural degradation and its large electro‐phonon coupling restrict its commercial application. Here, this study first realizes polymerized chiral perovskite single‐crystal films by combining in situ cross‐linking polymerization with the space‐confined crystallization method. Compared with uncross‐linked chiral perovskites, cross‐linked chiral perovskites exhibit enhanced crystallinity and lattice rigidity, yielding high‐performance circularly polarized photodetectors with a maximum anisotropy factor of 0.22, the responsivity of 1.6 A W−1, and detectivity of 2.17 × 1013 Jones. In addition, flexible circularly polarized photodetectors with extremely high mechanical stability are also realized originating from the polymer‐like behavior of cross‐linked chiral perovskite single‐crystal films. This study opens up new avenues to further enhance the performance and stability of portable and wearable devices based on chiral perovskites.
Prolonging Treatment Window of Photodynamic Therapy with Self‐Amplified H2O2‐Activated Photodynamic/Chemo Combination Therapeutic Nanomedicines
Authors: Diao Shanchao , Liu Yaxin , Guo Zixin , Xu Zhiwei , Shen Jinlong , Zhou Wen , Xie Chen , Fan Quli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to cancer therapy. However, the relatively short tumor retention time of photosensitizers (PSs) makes it difficult to catch the optimal treatment time and restricts multiple PDT within a single injection. In this study, a tumor‐specific phototheranostic nanomedicine (DPPa NP) is developed for photodynamic/chemo combination therapy with a prolonged PDT treatment window. DPPa NP is prepared via encapsulating a hydrophobic oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA‐SOH)‐conjugatable PS DPPa with amphiphilic H2O2‐activatable chlorambucil (CL) prodrug mPEG‐TK‐CL. The released CL under H2O2 treatment can not only kill tumor cells but also upregulate reactive oxygen species levels within tumor cells, leading to the almost full release of cargoes. The released DPPa may conjugate with overexpressed BSA‐SOH, which results in the recovery of the fluorescence signal and photodynamic effect. More importantly, such conjugation transfers DPPa from a small molecule PS into a macromolecular PS with a long tumor retention time and treatment window of PDT, which enables multiple PDT. This study thus provides an effective strategy to prolong the treatment window of PDT and enables tumor‐specific fluorescence imaging‐guided combination therapy.
Spatially Controlled UV Light Generation at Depth using Upconversion Micelles
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wirtz Brendan M. , Schloemer Tracy H. , Burroughs Michael C. , Hu Manchen , Narayanan Pournima , Lyu Junrui , Gallegos Arynn O. , Layton Colette , Mai Danielle J. , Congreve Daniel N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUV light can trigger a plethora of useful photochemical reactions for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, photopolymerization, and drug delivery. These applications typically require penetration of high‐energy photons deep into materials, yet delivering these photons beyond the surface is extremely challenging due to absorption and scattering effects. Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) shows great promise to circumvent this issue by generating high‐energy photons from incident lower‐energy photons. However, molecules that facilitate TTA‐UC usually have poor water solubility, limiting their deployment in aqueous environments. To address this challenge, a nanoencapsulation method is leveraged to fabricate water‐compatible UC micelles, enabling on‐demand UV photon generation deep into materials. Two iridium‐based complexes are presented for use as TTA‐UC sensitizers with increased solubilities that facilitate the formation of highly emissive UV‐upconverting micelles. Furthermore, this encapsulation method is shown to be generalizable to nineteen UV‐emitting UC systems, accessing a range of upconverted UV emission profiles with wavelengths as low as 350 nm. As a proof‐of‐principle demonstration of precision photochemistry at depth, UV‐emitting UC micelles are used to photolyze a fluorophore at a focal point nearly a centimeter beyond the surface, revealing opportunities for spatially controlled manipulation deep into UV‐responsive materials.
Graphene Nanoplatelet Exoskeleton on Polyurethane Foam to Produce Flame‐Retardant, Piezoresistive, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Surfaces
Authors: Weldemhret Teklebrahan Gebrekrstos , Lee Dong‐Woo , M.N. Prabhakar , Iqbal Aamir , Koo Chong Min , Park Yong Tae , Song Jung Il 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyurethane foam (PUF)’s porous structure, light weight, flexibility, and low‐cost properties make it useful in various cutting‐edge technologies. However, time‐consuming, costly, and complicated surface modification methods severely hinder its commercial applications. Herein, an ultrafast, simple, and cost‐effective surface modification method based on the evaporation of a low boiling point solvent to prepare a multifunctional graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)‐decorated PUF (GNP@PUF) is proposed. Due to the passive heat barrier of GNP sheets, the resulting sponge exhibits excellent flame retardancy by reducing the critical fire retardancy metrics, that is, peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release by 72%, 50%, and 81%, respectively. In addition, GNP@PUF can function as a piezoresistive sensor and electromagnetic interference (EMI)‐shielding material. As a piezoresistive sensor, it exhibits a wide‐compressive pressure (2.4–112 kPa)/strain (5–70%) range and ultra‐fast response/relaxation time (48/35 ms), wide‐stretching strain (5–100%) range, and it can detect minute human motions by being attached to different parts of the human body. Meanwhile, the composite foam displays good absorption‐dominant EMI shielding performance (≈38 dB), possibly due to conductive dissipation and multiple reflections/scattering of EM waves inside the 3D conductive graphene network. This study provides a simple coating technique for developing multifunctional lightweight foam materials.
Cell Granularity Reflects Immune Cell Function and Enables Selection of Lymphocytes with Superior Attributes for Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Tongjin , Tan Joel Heng Loong , Sin Wei‐Xiang , Luah Yen Hoon , Tan Sue Yee , Goh Myra , Birnbaum Michael E. , Chen Qingfeng , Cheow Lih Feng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn keeping with the rule of “form follows function”, morphological aspects of a cell can reflect its role. Here, it is shown that the cellular granularity of a lymphocyte, represented by its intrinsic side scatter (SSC), is a potent indicator of its cell state and function. The granularity of a lymphocyte increases from naïve to terminal effector state. High‐throughput cell‐sorting yields a SSChigh population that can mediate immediate effector functions, and a highly prolific SSClow population that can give rise to the replenishment of the memory pool. CAR‐T cells derived from the younger SSClow population possess desirable attributes for immunotherapy, manifested by increased naïve‐like cells and stem cell memory (TSCM)‐like cells together with a balanced CD4/CD8 ratio, as well as enhanced target‐killing in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, lymphocyte segregation based on biophysical properties is an effective approach for label‐free selection of cells that share collective functions and can have important applications for cell‐based immunotherapies.