bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial atlas of the mouse central nervous system at molecular resolution
Authors: Shi Hailing , He Yichun , Zhou Yiming , Huang Jiahao , Maher Kamal , Wang Brandon , Tang Zefang , Luo Shuchen , Tan Peng , Wu Morgan , Lin Zuwan , Ren Jingyi , Thapa Yaman , Tang Xin , Chan Ken Y. , Deverman Benjamin E. , Shen Hao , Liu Albert , Liu Jia , Wang Xiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpatially charting molecular cell types at single-cell resolution across the 3D volume is critical for illustrating the molecular basis of brain anatomy and functions. Single-cell RNA sequencing has profiled molecular cell types in the mouse brain1,2, but cannot capture their spatial organization. Here we used an in situ sequencing method, STARmap PLUS3,4, to profile 1,022 genes in 3D at a voxel size of 194 × 194 × 345 nm3, mapping 1.09 million high-quality cells across the adult mouse brain and spinal cord. We developed computational pipelines to segment, cluster and annotate 230 molecular cell types by single-cell gene expression and 106 molecular tissue regions by spatial niche gene expression. Joint analysis of molecular cell types and molecular tissue regions enabled a systematic molecular spatial cell-type nomenclature and identification of tissue architectures that were undefined in established brain anatomy. To create a transcriptome-wide spatial atlas, we integrated STARmap PLUS measurements with a published single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas1, imputing single-cell expression profiles of 11,844 genes. Finally, we delineated viral tropisms of a brain-wide transgene delivery tool, AAV-PHP.eB5,6. Together, this annotated dataset provides a single-cell resource that integrates the molecular spatial atlas, brain anatomy and the accessibility to genetic manipulation of the mammalian central nervous system.
HLA alleles and haplotypes in Sudanese population and their relationship with Mediterraneans
Authors: Suarez-Trujillo Fabio , El-Safi Sayda , Juarez Ignacio , Palacio-Gruber José , Sanchez-Orta Alejandro , Martin-Villa José Manuel , Arnaiz-Villena Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe contribution of migrated people from once green Sahara (about 10,000–6000 years bc) towards Mediterranean area had probably a double effect: both genetic and cultural connections have been described between Western Europe and North Africa. Sudanese populations from different ethnicities have been studied for HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 antigens by a standard microlymphotoxicity method. Results found show that Nubians are genetically related with African Sub-Saharan populations and distant from other Sudanese tribes, who are closer to Mediterranean populations than to Sub-Saharan ones. This is concordant with other authors and meta-analysis data. Our present work is, to our knowledge, the first and only one HLA research that studies Sudanese people according to different Sudan ethnic groups: samples were collected before Sudan partition between North and South. A prehistoric genetic and peoples exchange between Africa and the Mediterranean basin may be observed and is supported with the results obtained in this Sudanese HLA study. However, demic diffusion model of agriculture and other anthropological traits from Middle East to West Europe/Maghreb do not exist: a more detailed Sahel and North African countries ancient and recent admixture studies are also being carried out which may clearer explain pastoralists/agriculture innovations origins in Eurafrican Mediterranean and Atlantic façade.
Dust in Western Iran: the emergence of new sources in response to shrinking water bodies
Authors: Beyranvand Azar , Azizi Ghasem , Alizadeh Omid , Darvishi Boloorani Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe detected sources of dust in the Middle East that contribute to dust events in Western Iran in different seasons. By the analysis of the synoptic data, we identified 309 dusty days in Western Iran during the period 2000–2016. A dusty day is diagnosed if under low horizontal visibility (< 1 km), the dust in suspension is reported at least once a day in at least three synoptic stations. We identified dust sources in the Middle East based on the analysis of the MOD04L2 data from MODIS, the backward HYSPLIT trajectory model, and synoptic conditions. The most influential sources affecting Western Iran are located on the shore and northwest of Lake Tharthar, Hour-al-Azim Marsh, the shore of Razzaza, Habbaniyah Lakes, and West Hammar Marsh, which contributed to 110, 79, 59, 56, and 51 dusty days, respectively. The fluctuation of the surface water area largely contributes to the variability of dusty days in Western Iran. Indeed, the peak dust activity in Western Iran was during the period 2008–2012 in response to the substantial shrinkage of the main water bodies in Iraq. The main sources of dust influencing Western Iran are located in northern and eastern Saudi Arabia in spring, Deir ez-Zur in Syria’s Aleppo and Raqqa in summer, and Syria’s Homs and Al-Hasakah in winter and spring. Sources of dust in Western Iraq and in most parts of entire Iraq have, respectively, led to the formation of summer and spring dust events in Western Iran. Decreased precipitation in the Middle East from autumn 2007 to 2012 and the occurrence of severe droughts have also contributed to the shrinkage of lakes and wetlands, as well as the reduced agricultural productivity in the Middle East, all of which contributed to the intensification of dust activity in Western Iran in recent decades.
The power of progressive active learning in floorplan images for energy assessment
Authors: Al-Turki Dhoyazan , Kyriakou Marios , Basurra Shadi , Gaber Mohamed Medhat , Abdelsamea Mohammed M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFloorplan energy assessments present a highly efficient method for evaluating the energy efficiency of residential properties without requiring physical presence. By employing computer modelling, an accurate determination of the building’s heat loss or gain can be achieved, enabling planners and homeowners to devise energy-efficient renovation or redevelopment plans. However, the creation of an AI model for floorplan element detection necessitates the manual annotation of a substantial collection of floorplans, which poses a daunting task. This paper introduces a novel active learning model designed to detect and annotate the primary elements within floorplan images, aiming to assist energy assessors in automating the analysis of such images–an inherently challenging problem due to the time-intensive nature of the annotation process. Our active learning approach initially trained on a set of 500 annotated images and progressively learned from a larger dataset comprising 4500 unlabelled images. This iterative process resulted in mean average precision score of 0.833, precision score of 0.972, and recall score of 0.950. We make our dataset publicly available under a Creative Commons license.
Improved YOLOv5-based for small traffic sign detection under complex weather
Authors: Qu Shenming , Yang Xinyu , Zhou Huafei , Xie Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraffic sign detection is a challenging task for unmanned driving systems. In the traffic sign detection process, the object size and weather conditions vary widely, which will have a certain impact on the detection accuracy. In order to solve the problem of balanced detecting precision of traffic sign recognition model in different weather conditions, and it is difficult to detect occluded objects and small objects, this paper proposes a small object detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s in complex weather. First, we add the coordinate attention(CA) mechanism in the backbone, a light-weight yet effective module, embedding the location information of traffic signs into the channel attention to improve the feature extraction ability of the network. Second, we exploit effectively fine-grained features about small traffic signs from the shallower layers by adding one prediction head to YOLOv5s. Finally, we use Alpha-IoU to improve the original positioning loss CIoU, improving the accuracy of bbox regression. Applying this model to the recently proposed CCTSDB 2021 dataset, for small objects, the precision is 88.1%, and the recall rate is 79.8%, compared with the original YOLOv5s model, it is improved by 12.5% and 23.9% respectively, and small traffic signs can be effectively detected under different weather conditions, with low miss rate and high detection accuracy. The source code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/yang-0706/ImprovedYOLOv5s.
Clinical characteristics of human fascioliasis in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Nagat , Abdel Khalek Ekram M. , Makhlouf Nahed A. , Abdel-Gawad Muhammad , Mekky Mohamed , Ramadan Haidi Karam-Allah , Abu-Elfatth Ahmed , El-Latif Naglaa Abd , Hassan Marwa Khalaf , Eldeeb Rabab , Abdelmalek Mohamed , Abd-elsalam Sherief , Attia Hanaa , Mohammed Ahmed Qasem , Aboalam Hani , Farouk Mahmoud , Alboraie Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of epidemiological data on fascioliasis in Egypt regarding disease characteristics and treatment outcomes across different governorates. We aimed to identify the demographic, epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with fascioliasis in Egypt. Data on human fascioliasis were collected retrospectively from patients’ medical records in the period between January 2018 and January 2020. The study included 261 patients. More than 40% of enrolled patients were in the age group of 21–40 years old. Geographically, 247 (94.6%) were from Assiut Governorate with 69.3% were from rural areas. The most frequent symptoms were right upper quadrant pain (96.9%), and fever (80.1%). Eosinophilia was found in 250 cases (95.8%). Hepatic focal lesions were detected in 131 (50.2%); out of them 64/131 (48.9%) had a single lesion. All patients received a single dose of 10 mg/kg of triclabendazole, 79.7% responded well to a single dose, while in 20.3% a second ± a third dose of treatment was requested. After therapy, there was a reduction in leucocytes, Fasciola antibodies titer, eosinophilic count, bilirubin, and liver enzymes with an increase in hemoglobin level. According to our findings, a high index of suspicion should be raised in cases with fever, right upper abdominal pain, and peripheral eosinophilia, and further imaging workup is mandated to detect hepatic focal lesions. Prompt treatment by triclabendazole can serve as a standard-of-care regimen even for suspected cases.
Prehospital predicting factors using a decision tree model for patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and an initial shockable rhythm
Authors: Tateishi Kazuya , Saito Yuichi , Yasufuku Yuichi , Nakagomi Atsushi , Kitahara Hideki , Kobayashi Yoshio , Tahara Yoshio , Yonemoto Naohiro , Ikeda Takanori , Sato Naoki , Okura Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effect of prehospital factors on favorable neurological outcomes remains unclear in patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and a shockable rhythm. We developed a decision tree model for these patients by using prehospital factors. Using a nationwide OHCA registry database between 2005 and 2020, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 1,930,273 patients, of whom 86,495 with witnessed OHCA and an initial shockable rhythm were included. The primary endpoint was defined as favorable neurological survival (cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 at 1 month). A decision tree model was developed from randomly selected 77,845 patients (development cohort) and validated in 8650 patients (validation cohort). In the development cohort, the presence of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation was the best predictor of favorable neurological survival, followed by the absence of adrenaline administration and age. The patients were categorized into 9 groups with probabilities of favorable neurological survival ranging from 5.7 to 70.8% (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 and 0.844 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively). Our model is potentially helpful in stratifying the probability of favorable neurological survival in patients with witnessed OHCA and an initial shockable rhythm.
A comprehensive walkability evaluation system for promoting environmental benefits
Authors: Jeong Ilho , Choi Minje , Kwak Juhyeon , Ku Donggyun , Lee Seungjae 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPedestrian-oriented urban strategies such as the Paris 15-minute City are needed to respond to the global boiling. Quantitative evaluation of pedestrian-oriented urban objectives is important for various cities, and in this paper, a walkability evaluation system for the advanced model is developed considering the characteristics of a large city. The system calculates the walkability of Seoul. The evaluation system uses the Betweenness index as a weight in the urban network analysis. Considering stations with a high betweenness in urban traffic is essential for evaluating a pedestrian-oriented metropolis. Our findings in this study are that the UNA index in WES is critical for transit-oriented, walkable cities. The large city needs to find the location for mobility hubs or stations to observe the last mile. Installing a mobility hub or station at a high-value location in the city center is functionally important. In a pedestrian-oriented city, citizens can walk and bike the last mile in a busy city center. Walkable cities can encourage active transport and ultimately create more sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation systems. This study offers valuable insights into pedestrian infrastructure, urban systems, and policies that promote green transportation.
Patient-specific primary and pluripotent stem cell-derived stromal cells recapitulate key aspects of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Maione Angela Serena , Meraviglia Viviana , Iengo Lara , Rabino Martina , Chiesa Mattia , Catto Valentina , Tondo Claudio , Pompilio Giulio , Bellin Milena , Sommariva Elena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrimary cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) can promote the aberrant remodeling of cardiac tissue that characterizes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) by differentiating into adipocytes and myofibroblasts. These cells’ limitations, including restricted access to primary material and its manipulation have been overcome by the advancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and their ability to differentiate towards the cardiac stromal population. C-MSCs derived from hiPSCs make it possible to work with virtually unlimited numbers of cells that are genetically identical to the cells of origin. We performed in vitro experiments on primary stromal cells (Primary) and hiPSC-derived stromal cells (hiPSC-D) to compare them as tools to model ACM. Both Primary and hiPSC-D cells expressed mesenchymal surface markers and possessed typical MSC differentiation potentials. hiPSC-D expressed desmosomal genes and proteins and shared a similar transcriptomic profile with Primary cells. Furthermore, ACM hiPSC-D exhibited higher propensity to accumulate lipid droplets and collagen compared to healthy control cells, similar to their primary counterparts. Therefore, both Primary and hiPSC-D cardiac stromal cells obtained from ACM patients can be used to model aspects of the disease. The choice of the most suitable model will depend on experimental needs and on the availability of human source samples.
Correlation between tear levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and vitamin D at retinopathy of prematurity stages in preterm infants
Authors: Murugeswari Ponnalagu , Vinekar Anand , Prakalapakorn S. Grace , Anandula Venkata Ramana , Subramani Murali , Vaidya Tanuja Arun , Nair Archana Padmanabhan , Jayadev Chaitra , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy , Shetty Rohit , Das Debashish 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels leads to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Vitamin D (VIT-D) is known to regulate VEGF in an oxygen dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to correlate tear levels of VEGF and VIT-D with different ROP stages in preterm infants. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 104 pre-term infants. They were grouped into: Group-1 (Classical ROP) and Group-2 (Aggressive ROP), which were further subdivided into Group-1A (progressing), Group-1B (regressing), Group-2A (pre-treatment), and Group-2B (post-treatment). Tear VEGF and VIT-D levels and their association with different ROP stages were assessed. Stage 1 and stage 2 had higher whereas stage 3 had lower VEGF levels in Group-1B compared to Group-1A. Stage 1 and stage 3 showed higher levels of VIT-D with no difference in stage 2 in Group-1B compared to Group-1A., Group-2B showed higher VEGF and lower VIT-D levels compared to Group-2A. Presence of a positive correlation at an early stage (stage 1) of ROP and a negative correlation at a more advanced stage (stage 3) of ROP with VIT-D and VEGF implies stage-specific distinct signaling crosstalk. These findings suggest that VIT-D supplementation may have the potential to modify the course and outcome of ROP.
Single-cell transcriptomics delineates the immune cell landscape in equine lower airways and reveals upregulation of FKBP5 in horses with asthma
Authors: Riihimäki Miia , Fegraeus Kim , Nordlund Jessica , Waern Ida , Wernersson Sara , Akula Srinivas , Hellman Lars , Raine Amanda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEquine asthma (EA) is a heterogenous, complex disease, with a significant negative impact on horse welfare and performance. EA and human asthma share fundamental similarities, making EA a useful model for studying the disease. One relevant sample type for investigating chronic lung inflammation is bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which provides a snapshot of the immune cells present in the alveolar space. To investigate the immune cell landscape of the respiratory tract in horses with mild-to-moderate equine asthma (mEA) and healthy controls, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on equine BALF cells. We characterized the major immune cell populations present in equine BALF, as well as subtypes thereof. Interestingly, the most significantly upregulated gene discovered in cases of mEA was FKBP5, a chaperone protein involved in regulating the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Research on the relationship between population distribution pattern and urban industrial facility agglomeration in China
Authors: Zeng Peng , Zong Cheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvestigating the impact of industrial facility agglomeration on population distribution provides valuable insights for advancing urban and regional development, as well as aiding in planning, forecasting, and achieving regional equilibrium. However, there remains a notable gap in understanding the influence and mechanisms of industrial facility agglomeration on population distribution, particularly when considering different industry types and diverse regions comprehensively. Additionally, conventional panel data used to assess industrial facility agglomeration are constrained by limitations in coverage and timeliness. In contrast, Point of Interest (POI) data offers a superior solution with its real-time, fine-grained, and innovative advantages. This study utilizes real-time and fine-grained POI data in conjunction with the LandScan population raster dataset to precisely assess industrial facility agglomeration in 352 administrative units at the prefecture level and above in China. The key findings of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) factors influencing urban population growth rates have evolved, with increased significance attributed to Government Agencies and Social Groups, alongside a consistent impact from Science, Education, and Cultural Services. (2) The correlation between industrial facility agglomerations and population growth rates displayed linear relationships in 2015 and 2021, with varying strengths and directional shifts. (3) Regional disparities in industrial facility agglomeration patterns underscore the necessity for customized strategies to optimize industrial structures, foster innovation-driven sectors, and promote sustainable population growth.
Gestational diabetes in Germany—prevalence, trend during the past decade and utilization of follow-up care: an observational study
Authors: Lappe Veronika , Greiner Gregory Gordon , Linnenkamp Ute , Viehmann Anja , Adamczewski Heinke , Kaltheuner Matthias , Weber Dietmar , Schubert Ingrid , Icks Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications in pregnancy. Information on key figures such as screening rates, prevalence of GDM or utilization of follow-up care and associated factors varies widely and is often lacking. The aim of our study is to provide information on screening rates for and prevalence of GDM as well as utilization of follow-up care in Germany. We used data (2010–2020) from a large, nationwide statutory health insurance containing information on inpatient and outpatient care, including diagnoses, medication and treatments. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess screening rates, prevalence of GDM and participation rates in follow-up care. A log-binomial regression model was calculated to analyze associated factors. Screening rates among pregnant women increased from 40.2% (2010) to 93.3% (2020) and prevalence from 9.4% (2010) to 15.1% (2020). The proportion of women attending follow-up care remained stable over time (around 42%). Age, educational level, insulin prescription, hypertension and obesity were positively associated with participation in follow-up care. Although over 90% of women in Germany are screened for GDM during pregnancy, follow-up care is used much less. Further research is needed to understand the trends in GDM healthcare (from screening to follow-up care) and the reasons for women's (non-)participation, as well as the attitudes and routines of the healthcare providers involved.
Effect of antihypertensive medications on the risk of open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Lee Jihei Sara , Cha Hye Ryeong , Bae Hyoung Won , Lee Sang Yeop , Choi Wungrak , Lee Seung Won , Kim Chan Yun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the effect of antihypertensive medication on risks of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among patients diagnosed with hypertension (HTN). A total of 5,195 patients, who were diagnosed with HTN between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015, and subsequently diagnosed with OAG, were selected for analysis. For each OAG patient, 5 non-glaucomatous, hypertensive controls were matched (n = 25,975) in hypertension diagnosis date, residential area, insurance type and economic status. Antihypertensive medications were stratified into 5 types: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), β-blockers and diuretics. Relative risks were calculated. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle, comorbidities, blood pressure (BP), follow-up duration, and use of other types of antihypertensive drugs, ARB and CCB were found to slightly increase OAG risks (RR 1.1087 (95% CI 1.0293–1.1942); 1.0694 (1.0077–1.1349), respectively). Combinations of ARB with diuretics (1.0893 (1.0349–1.1466)) and CCB (1.0548 (1.0122–1.0991)) also increased OAG risks. The risks for OAG were found to increase by antihypertensive medication use, but the effects appeared to be small. Further studies are necessary to identify the associations of increased BP, medication and therapeutic effect with OAG.