bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$ T\overline{T} $$ flow as characteristic flows
Authors: Hou Jue 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We show that method of characteristics provides a powerful new point of view on $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-and related deformations. Previously, the method of characteristics has been applied to $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation mainly to solve Burgers’ equation, which governs the deformation of the quantum spectrum. In the current work, we study classical deformed quantities using this method and show that $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

flow can be seen as a characteristic flow. Exploiting this point of view, we re-derive a number of important known results and obtain interesting new ones. We prove the equivalence between dynamical change of coordinates and the generalized light-cone gauge approaches to $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation. We find the deformed Lagrangians for a class of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-like deformations in higher dimensions and the ($$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

)α-deformation in 2d with generic α, generalizing recent results in [1] and [2].
Wormholes, geons, and the illusion of the tensor product
Authors: Bzowski Adam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper I argue that the Hilbert space of states of a holographic, traversable wormhole does not factorize into the tensor product of the boundary Hilbert spaces. After presenting the general argument I analyze two examples: the scalar sectors of the BTZ geon and the AdS2 eternal wormhole. Utilizing real-time holography I derive the Hilbert spaces, identify the dual states and evaluate correlation functions. I show that the number of peculiarities associated with the wormhole and black hole physics emerges once the factorization is a priori assumed. This includes null states and null operators, highly entangled vacuum states and the cross-boundary interactions all emerging as avatars of non-factorization.
Strategic transmission of imperfect information: why revealing evidence (without proof) is difficult
Authors: Foerster Manuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn our cheap-talk setting, an expert privately observes multiple binary signals, her soft evidence, about a continuous state of the world and then communicates with a decision-maker. While direct transmission of evidence entails communicating the underlying signals, indirect transmission of evidence entails communicating a summary statistic of her evidence. We first establish that fully informative equilibria exist if the conflict of interest is small. Otherwise, direct transmission of evidence is impossible, as withholding one part of the soft evidence in the communication necessarily induces incentives to manipulate the report on the other part. On the contrary, indirect transmission of evidence remains partially informative for intermediate conflicts of interest. Finally, we introduce the possibility of certification. We show that, if the costs of certification are low, the expert can fully reveal her evidence regardless of the conflict of interest.
Enumerating odd-degree hyperelliptic curves and abelian surfaces over $${\mathbb {P}}^1$$
Authors: Han Changho , Park Jun-Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven asymptotic counts in number theory, a question of Venkatesh asks what is the topological nature of lower order terms. We consider the arithmetic aspect of the inertia stack of an algebraic stack over finite fields to partially answer this question. Subsequently, we acquire new sharp enumerations of quasi-admissible odd-degree hyperelliptic curves over $${\mathbb {F}}_q(t)$$

F
q

(
t
)

ordered by discriminant height.
Quality improvement of plant-based meat alternatives by addition of iota carrageenan to pea protein–wheat gluten blend
Authors: Taghian Dinani Somayeh , Charles Carrillo María Fernanda , Boom Remko , van der Goot Atze Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the influence of iota carrageenan (IC) addition at different steps to the protein blends based on pea protein isolate (PPI) and wheat gluten (WG) as well as hydration mixing time and temperature of IC on the quality attributes of plant-based meat alternatives was studied. In more detail, IC was added before (B, in water with mixing times of 15 or 30 min and temperatures of 25 or 75 °C) or after (A, in powder form) the addition of PPI to the mixture with or without calcium chloride (Ca) in the formulation. The results showed that the addition of IC after PPI, especially combination with Ca resulted in the products with the most visible fibers, which can be considered as a quality improvement. IC addition to the formulations with or without Ca also increased the browning index, water holding capacity, tensile stress, and air bubble numbers compared to the PPI.WG formulation. However, no considerable difference in these parameters was found regarding the addition order of IC (before or after the addition of PPI). As the addition of IC after PPI hydration needs less energy for mixing, and, thus, less time for preparation, this order of addition can be recommended for improving the quality of plant-based meat alternatives containing IC. Therefore, hydration of IC in water, especially at high temperatures, is not necessary for the production of plant-based meat alternatives produced in the high-temperature shear cell (HTSC).
Year-round behavioural time budgets of common woodpigeons inferred from acceleration data using machine learning
Authors: Masello Juan F. , Rast Wanja , Schumm Yvonne R. , Metzger Benjamin , Quillfeldt Petra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Accelerometers capture rapid changes in animal motion, and the analysis of large quantities of such data using machine learning algorithms enables the inference of broad animal behaviour categories such as foraging, flying, and resting over long periods of time. We deployed GPS-GSM/GPRS trackers with tri-axial acceleration sensors on common woodpigeons (Columba palumbus) from Hesse, Germany (forest and urban birds) and from Lisbon, Portugal (urban park). We used three machine learning algorithms, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, to classify the main behaviours of the birds, namely foraging, flying, and resting and calculated time budgets over the breeding and winter season. Woodpigeon time budgets varied between seasons, with more foraging time during the breeding season than in winter. Also, woodpigeons from different sites showed differences in the time invested in foraging. The proportion of time woodpigeons spent foraging was lowest in the forest habitat from Hesse, higher in the urban habitat of Hesse, and highest in the urban park in Lisbon. The time budgets we recorded contrast to previous findings in woodpigeons and reaffirm the importance of considering different populations to fully understand the behaviour and adaptation of a particular species to a particular environment. Furthermore, the differences in the time budgets of Woodpigeons from this study and previous ones might be related to environmental change and merit further attention and the future investigation of energy budgets.

Significance statement
In this study we took advantage of accelerometer technology and machine learning methods to investigate year-round behavioural time budgets of wild common woodpigeons (Columba palumbus). Our analysis focuses on identifying coarse-scale behaviours (foraging, flying, resting) using various machine learning algorithms. Woodpigeon time budgets varied between seasons and among sites. Particularly interesting is the result showing that urban woodpigeons spend more time foraging than forest conspecifics. Our study opens an opportunity to further investigate and understand how a successful bird species such as the woodpigeon copes with increasing environmental change and urbanisation. The increase in the proportion of time devoted to foraging might be one of the behavioural mechanisms involved but opens questions about the costs associated to such increase in terms of other important behaviours.
Two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence thermometry in a medium- to high-enthalpy CO2 flow
Authors: Sander Tobias , Lettl Matthias , Walter Colum , Mundt Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGround-based experimental facilities are needed to qualify materials subjected to aerothermodynamic loads during an entry into the Martian atmosphere. In the present work, the focus is on quantifying the temperature field in a medium- to high-enthalpy CO$$_{2}$$

2

flow (from 4.5 to $${10.5}\, \hbox {MJ}/\hbox {kg}$$

10.5

MJ
/
kg

) of a plasma wind tunnel using one- and two-dimensional two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (CO-TALIF) thermometry at a CO number density in the range of 1–2 $$\times$$
×
10$$^{17}$$

17

cm$$^{-3}$$

-
3

. However, the measurement method developed here can also be used to study satellite propulsion systems. Due to absorption by air, a two-photon excitation scheme of the CO molecule at 115 nm (VUV) was used. Experimental and simulated excitation spectra are compared for temperature determination. For spectrum simulation in the B$$^1\varSigma ^+$$

1

Σ
+

$$\leftarrow$$
←
X$$^1\varSigma ^+$$

1

Σ
+

system, an existing program was extended and a polynomial regression correlation was developed for signals with low signal-to-noise ratios. After the first one-dimensional temperature measurements using CO-TALIF in the free-stream to quantify the radial temperature profile for three conditions in the medium- to high- enthalpy range, respectively, two-dimensional measurements in a steady state test chamber at room temperature were carried out. For the two-dimensional investigations, a light sheet optic was designed to generate a light sheet free of divergence in width and thickness. The results of the one- and two-dimensional temperature measurements performed at medium- to high-enthalpy conditions provided plausible results concerning both the values and the course in radial and axial direction, the latter being, to the authors’ knowledge, the first two-dimensional temperature measurements under such conditions using CO-TALIF.
Microsatellite instability and sex-specific differences of survival in gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy without and with taxane: An observational study in real world patients
Authors: Hiltner Theresa , Kohlruss Meike , Herz Anna-Lina , Lorenzen Sylvie , Novotny Alexander , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Jesinghaus Moritz , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Sisic Leila , Gaida Matthias M. , Weichert Wilko , Ott Katja , Keller Gisela 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the prognostic role of microsatellite instability (MSI) in association with sex of patients treated with platinum/fluoropyrimidine neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) with or without a taxane-containing compound.

Methods
Of the 505 retrospectively analyzed patients with gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, 411 patients were treated without taxane and 94 patients with a taxane-containing compound. MSI was determined using standard assays.

Results

Females demonstrated a better overall survival (OS) than males in the non-taxane group (HR, 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.86; p = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was found in the taxane group (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.55–2.73, p = 0.630). MSI-High (-H) was associated with a better prognosis in both groups (without taxane: HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33–0.97; p = 0.038; with taxane: HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.04–2.02, p = 0.204). In the non-taxane group, female MSI-H patients showed the best OS (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.73; p = 0.016), followed by the female microsatellite stable (MSS) (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98, p = 0.040) and the male MSI-H group (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.42–1.37, p = 0.760) taken the male MSS group as reference. In the taxane group, female and male MSI-H patients demonstrated the best OS (female MSI-H: HR 0.05, 95% CI 0.00–240.46; male MSI-H: HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.61–3.63, p = 0.438), whereas the female MSS group showed a decreased OS (HR 1.39 95% CI 0.62–3.12, p = 0.420) compared to male MSS patients.

Conclusion
OS in gastric/gastroesophageal cancer after CTx might depend on sex and MSI status and may differ between patients treated with or without a taxane compound in the chemotherapeutic regimen.
Effectiveness and current status of multidisciplinary care for patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: a nationwide multicenter cohort study
Authors: Abe Masanori , Hatta Tsuguru , Imamura Yoshihiko , Sakurada Tsutomu , Kaname Shinya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Multidisciplinary care is well established in clinical practice, but its effectiveness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether multidisciplinary care could help to avoid worsening kidney function in patients with CKD.

Methods
This nationwide study had a multicenter retrospective observational design and included 3015 Japanese patients with CKD stage 3–5 who received multidisciplinary care. We assessed the annual decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR) and urinary protein in the 12 months before and 24 months after the start of multidisciplinary care. All-cause mortality and initiation of renal replacement therapy were investigated according to baseline characteristics.

Results
Most of the patients had CKD stage 3b or higher and a median eGFR of 23.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. The multidisciplinary care teams consisted of health care professionals from an average of four disciplines. ΔeGFR was significantly smaller at 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of multidisciplinary care (all P < 0.0001), regardless of the primary cause of CKD and its stage when multidisciplinary intervention was started. Urinary protein level also decreased after initiation of multidisciplinary care. After a median follow-up of 2.9 years, 149 patients had died and 727 had started renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion
Multidisciplinary care may significantly slow the decline in eGFR in patients with CKD and might be effective regardless of the primary disease, including in its earlier stages. Multidisciplinary care is recommended for patients with CKD stage 3–5.

Trial registration
UMIN00004999.
Metz’s Heterochthonous Relational Moral Theory and Business Ethics
Authors: Etieyibo Edwin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the practical ethical areas that Thaddeus Metz applied his Relational Moral Theory (RMT) to is business ethics. In this important area of applied ethics, Metz examines the question of how business owners, and related agents ought to deal with others, especially workers and consumers. He argues that the relational account of obligations recommends a stakeholder model of business and provides a plausible alternative (if not better to) familiar kinds of utilitarianism and Kantianism. In this article, I discuss and engage with this claim by raising a number of issues for RMT. For although I believe that Metz’s moral account could, in general and under certain description, be positioned as a viable competitor to utilitarianism and Kantianism, it is not clear that in certain theoretical aspects of the stakeholder account of business, it fares better than, for example, utilitarianism. Furthermore, I argue, on the one hand, that RMT should be understood as a heterochthonous account of African ethics and, on the other hand, that an autochthonous account of African ethics captures better or comes closer to the moral sensibilities of indigenous Africans. An autochthonous account of African ethics has a different take on the issue of the stakeholder model of business and does conceptualize the business relationship in terms of needs and welfare whereby a “distant” individual may be owed more duties than a “local” individual.
Cross-Talk between Mucosal-Associated Invariant T, Natural Killer, and Natural Killer T Cell Populations is Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: El-Badawy Omnia , Abbas Ahmed M. , Radwan Eman , Makboul Rania , Khamis Areej A. , Ali Maha , Elkabsh Mai M. , Bakr Marwa H. , Zahran Asmaa M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study included 32 women with PAS and 20 with normally implanted placenta as a control group. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), Soluble FMS Like Tyrosine Kinase (sFLT-1/sVEGFR1), and Endoglin (ENG) were measured in placenta tissue by ELISA. Granzyme B (GrzB) expression in trophoblastic and stromal mesenchymal cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MAIT, NK, and NKT cells were assessed in blood and placenta by flow cytometry. Alterations were observed in levels of MAIT cells, NK cell subsets, and NKT cells in patients compared with controls. Several significant correlations were detected between these cells and GrzB scores, VEGF, ENG, and sFLT-1 levels. This is the first study analysing these cells in PAS patients and correlating their levels with changes in some angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors implicated in trophoblast invasion and with GrzB distribution in trophoblast and stroma. Interrelation between these cells probably plays an important role in pathogenesis of PAS.
Academic Stress, Academic Self-efficacy, and Psychological Distress: A Moderated Mediation of Within-person Effects
Authors: Kristensen Sara Madeleine , Larsen Torill Marie Bogsnes , Urke Helga Bjørnøy , Danielsen Anne Grete 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious research has largely failed to separate the between- and within-person effects in the longitudinal associations between academic stress, academic self-efficacy, and psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression). Filling this research gap, this study investigated if academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between academic stress and psychological distress at the intraindividual level during 3 years of upper secondary school. Gender moderation was also examined in the hypothesised model. The present sample consisted of 1508 Norwegian adolescents (baseline M age = 16.42; 52.9% high perceived family wealth; 70.6% Norwegian-born). The random intercept cross-lagged panel model results indicated (1) positive and time-invariant direct effects from academic stress to psychological distress, (2) academic self-efficacy partially mediated these effects, and (3) psychological distress impacted later academic stress. Academic stress was more strongly related to academic self-efficacy and psychological distress at the interpersonal level for boys, while the intraindividual impact of academic stress on psychological distress was stronger for girls. The study findings might have implications for school-based implementation strategies and theoretical development.
Ethical and practical considerations related to data sharing when collecting patient-reported outcomes in care-based child health research
Authors: Vanderhout Shelley , Potter Beth K. , Smith Maureen , Butcher Nancy J. , Vaters Jordan , Chakraborty Pranesh , Adams John , Inbar-Feigenberg Michal , Offringa Martin , Speechley Kathy , Trakadis Yannis , Binik Ariella 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The collection and use of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in care-based child health research raises challenging ethical and logistical questions. This paper offers an analysis of two questions related to PROs in child health research: (1) Is it ethically obligatory, desirable or preferable to share PRO data collected for research with children, families, and health care providers? And if so, (2) What are the characteristics of a model best suited to guide the collection, monitoring, and sharing of these data?

Methods
A multidisciplinary team of researchers, providers, patient and family partners, and ethicists examined the literature and identified a need for focus on PRO sharing in pediatric care-based research. We constructed and analyzed three models for managing pediatric PRO data in care-based research, drawing on ethical principles, logistics, and opportunities to engage with children and families.

Results
We argue that it is preferable to share pediatric PRO data with providers, but to manage expectations and balance the risks and benefits of research, this requires a justifiable data sharing model. We argue that a successful PRO data sharing model will allow children and families to have access to and control over their own PRO data and be engaged in decision-making around how PROs collected for research may be integrated into care, but require support from providers.

Conclusion
We propose a PRO data sharing model that can be used across diverse research settings and contributes to improved transparency, communication, and patient-centered care and research.
The Normative Challenges of AI in Outer Space: Law, Ethics, and the Realignment of Terrestrial Standards
Authors: Pagallo Ugo , Bassi Eleonora , Durante Massimo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe paper examines the open problems that experts of space law shall increasingly address over the next few years, according to four different sets of legal issues. Such differentiation sheds light on what is old and what is new with today’s troubles of space law, e.g., the privatization of space, vis-à-vis the challenges that AI raises in this field. Some AI challenges depend on its unique features, e.g., autonomy and opacity, and how they affect pillars of the law, whether on Earth or in space missions. The paper insists on a further class of legal issues that AI systems raise, however, only in outer space. We shall never overlook the constraints of a hazardous and hostile environment, such as on a mission between Mars and the Moon. The aim of this paper is to illustrate what is still mostly unexplored or in its infancy in this kind of research, namely, the fourfold ways in which the uniqueness of AI and that of outer space impact both ethical and legal standards. Such standards shall provide for thresholds of evaluation according to which courts and legislators evaluate the pros and cons of technology. Our claim is that a new generation of sui generis standards of space law, stricter or more flexible standards for AI systems in outer space, down to the “principle of equality” between human standards and robotic standards, will follow as a result of this twofold uniqueness of AI and of outer space.
Development of polymer blend electrolytes for battery systems: recent progress, challenges, and future outlook
Authors: Yazie Negese , Worku Delele , Gabbiye Nigus , Alemayehu Addisu , Getahun Zerihun , Dagnew Mehary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNowadays, addressing the drawbacks of liquid electrolyte-based batteries is a hot and challenging issue, which is supposed to be fulfilled through solid electrolyte systems such as polymer electrolytes. Polymer blend electrolytes (PBEs) are widely investigated as viable options to solve the undesired characteristics of their liquid counterparts and also the poor ionic conductivity of homopolymer-based electrolytes. Even though PBEs outperform homopolymer-based electrolytes in terms of performance, the conductivity of pristine PBEs is quite low for practical applications (i.e. below 10–3 S/cm at room temperature). A very promising approach to solve this limitation is to incorporate additives into the electrolyte systems, to select suitable polymeric materials and to employ the desired synthesizing techniques as the performance of PBEs is strongly dependent on the selection of polymeric materials (i.e. on the inherent properties of polymers), the nature and amount of salts and other additives, and also the techniques employed to synthesize the polymer blend hosts and/or polymer blend electrolytes, determining the functionality, amorphousness, dielectric constant, dimensional stability, and, ultimately, the electrochemical performances of the system. This paper reviews the different factors affecting the miscibility of polymer blends, PBEs synthesizing techniques, the thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of PBEs, and also the challenges and opportunities of PBEs. Moreover, the paper presents the current progress of polymer blend electrolytes as well as future prospects for advancing polymer blend electrolytes in the energy storage sectors.