bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards resolving the gallium anomaly
Authors: Brdar Vedran , Gehrlein Julia , Kopp Joachim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A series of experiments studying neutrinos from intense radioactive sources have reported a deficit in the measured event rate which, in combination, has reached a statistical significance of ∼ 5σ. In this paper, we explore avenues for explaining this anomaly, both within the Standard Model and beyond. First, we discuss possible biases in the predicted cross section for the detection reaction νe + 71Ga → e− + 71Ge, which could arise from mismeasurement of the inverse process, 71Ge decay, or from the presence of as yet unknown low-lying excited states of 71Ga. The latter would imply that not all 71Ge decays go to the ground state of 71Ga, so the extraction of the ground state-to-ground state matrix element relevant for neutrino capture on gallium would be incorrect. Second, we scrutinize the measurement of the source intensity in gallium experiments, and we point out that a ∼ 2% error in the branching ratios for 51Cr decay would be enough to explain the anomaly. Third, we investigate the calibration of the radiochemical germanium extraction efficiency as a possible origin of anomaly. Finally, we outline several new explanations beyond the Standard Model, including scenarios with sterile neutrinos coupled to fuzzy dark matter or to dark energy, as well as a model with decaying sterile neutrinos. We critically assess the viability of these scenarios, and others that have been proposed, in a summary table.
Potential of the KOBO extrusion process for nonferrous metals in the form of solids and chips
Authors: Bochniak Włodzimierz , Ostachowski Paweł , Korbel Andrzej , Łagoda Marek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe research undertaken for this paper was inspired by the results of theoretical analyzes and strong experimental evidence confirming the possibility to induce the phenomenon of viscous flow (typical for liquids) in the process of low-temperature KOBO extrusion of metals. Thus, despite the constant solid state of the metal, the KOBO plastic deformation process requires much lower stress (low flow resistance) in comparison with conventional extrusion. On the other hand, the KOBO method is particularly attractive due to the generation of high strength properties in the product/extrudate favorable for low (room) temperature deformation as well as superplastic features at higher temperature ranges.This paper presents the results of the studies on the efficiency of low-temperature KOBO extrusion of hardly-deformable materials in massive form (Mg4Li, AK11, Cu6.5P) and fragmented fractions (2014, 7075, AZ91, titanium grade 2). Particular attention was paid to the structure and mechanical properties of the obtained extrudates, which were rated as exceedingly favorable. As such, the paper provides new technological arguments for the application of the KOBO method in plastic deformation of materials as it guarantees their functional properties.
Differentiation syndrome and coagulation disorder — comparison between treatment with oral and intravenous arsenics in pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Luo Jie-Si , Zhang Xiao-Li , Huang Dan-Ping , Chen Yi-Qiao , Wan Wu-Qing , Mai Hui-Rong , Chen Hui-Qin , Wen Hong , Liu Ri-Yang , Chen Guo-Hua , Li Yu , Luo Xue-Qun , Tang Yan-Lai , Huang Li-Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRealgar-Indigo naturalis formula (RIF), with A4S4 as a major ingredient, is an oral arsenic used in China to treat pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The efficacy of RIF is similar to that of arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, the effects of these two arsenicals on differentiation syndrome (DS) and coagulation disorders, the two main life-threatening events in children with APL, remain unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 68 consecutive children with APL from South China Children Leukemia Group-APL (SCCLG-APL) study. Patients received all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on day 1 of induction therapy. ATO 0.16 mg/kg day or RIF 135 mg/kg·day was administrated on day 5, while mitoxantrone was administered on day 3 (non-high-risk) or days 2–4 (high-risk). The incidences of DS were 3.0% and 5.7% in ATO (n = 33) and RIF (n = 35) arms (p = 0.590), and 10.3% and 0% in patients with and without differentiation-related hyperleukocytosis (p = 0.04), respectively. Moreover, in patients with differentiation-related hyperleukocytosis, the incidence of DS was not significantly different between ATO and RIF arms. The dynamic changes of leukocyte count between arms were not statistically different. However, patients with leukocyte count > 2.61 × 109/L or percentage of promyelocytes in peripheral blood > 26.5% tended to develop hyperleukocytosis. The improvement of coagulation indexes in ATO and RIF arms was similar, with fibrinogen and prothrombin time having the quickest recovery rate. This study showed that the incidence of DS and recovery of coagulopathy are similar when treating pediatric APL with RIF or ATO.
Constrained school choice: an experimental QRE analysis
Authors: Alcalde-Unzu Jorge , Klijn Flip , Vorsatz Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe theoretical literature on public school choice proposes centralized mechanisms that assign children to schools on the basis of parents’ preferences and the priorities children have for different schools. The related experimental literature analyzes in detail how various mechanisms fare in terms of welfare and stability of the resulting matchings, yet often provides only aggregate statistics of the individual behavior that leads to these outcomes (i.e., the degree to which subjects tell the truth in the induced simultaneous move game). In this paper, we show that the quantal response equilibrium (QRE) adequately describes individual behavior and the resulting matching in three constrained problems for which the immediate acceptance mechanism and the student-optimal stable mechanism coincide. Specifically, the comparative statics of the logit-QRE with risk-neutral and expected-payoff-maximizing agents capture the directional changes of subject behavior and the prevalence of the different stable matchings when cardinal payoffs (i.e., relative preference intensities) are modified in the experiment.
Relating side scan sonar backscatter data to geotechnical properties for the investigation of surficial seabed sediments
Authors: Smith Liz , Stark Nina , Jaber Reem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSide scan sonar is a common tool for seafloor imaging and surveying due its efficiency and high resolution. The backscatter information from side scan sonar enables to identify sediment types and seabed roughness, often used to study sediment dynamics. Theory suggests that side scan sonar backscatter can be correlated to the geotechnical properties of the seabed surface. This could enhance the prediction of erodibility and efficiency of seabed sediment characterization, considering that side scan sonar can offer large spatial coverage in a short time. In this study, high-frequency (1000 kHz) side scan sonar backscatter data, sediment samples, and in-situ seabed strength profiles were collected of the seabed surface at ten locations. Statistical analysis of the backscatter data compared with geotechnical data showed trends between mean backscatter, soil strength, and textural sediment properties. Generally, mean backscatter increased when sediment strength and mean grain size increased and when water content and fines content decreased. However, roughness from bedforms, the presence of oysters, shell hash as well as variations in water content (i.e., porosity) of the seafloor heavily influenced the backscatter and sometimes masked any relationships with the strength properties directly.
Longitudinal change in neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: a systematic review
Authors: Pedruzo Borja , Aymerich Claudia , Pacho Malein , Herrero Jon , Laborda María , Bordenave Marta , Giuliano Anthony J. , McCutcheon Robert A. , Gutiérrez-Rojas Luis , McGuire Philip , Stone William S. , Fusar-Poli Paolo , González-Torres Miguel Ángel , Catalan Ana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P) population has become an attractive area of interest in preventing transitions to psychosis. The consequences of developing a psychotic disorder may be worse in cases of early onset. Thus, childhood and adolescence represent a critical developmental window, where opportunities to gain social and adaptive abilities depend on the individuals’ neurocognitive performance. There have been previous syntheses of the evidence regarding neurocognitive functioning in CHR-P individuals and its longitudinal changes. However, there has been less focus on children and adolescents at CHR-P. A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until July 15th, 2022. PRIMSA/MOOSE compliant systematic review and PROSPERO protocol were used to identify studies reporting on longitudinal changes in neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents (mean age of sample ≤ 18 years) at CHR-P and matched healthy control (HC) group. A systematic review of identified studies was then undertaken. Three articles were included, resulting in a total sample size of 151 CHR-P patients [mean (SD) age, 16.48 (2.41) years; 32.45% female] and 64 HC individuals [mean (SD) age, 16.79 (2.38) years; 42.18% female]. CHR-P individuals had worse outcomes in verbal learning, sustained attention and executive functioning domains compared to HC. Individuals taking antidepressants had better outcomes in verbal learning in contrast with those taking antipsychotics. In children and adolescents, neurocognition may be already impaired before the psychosis onset, and remains stable during the transition to psychosis. Further study should be performed to obtain more robust evidence.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: IL-1RA inhibits esophageal carcinogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via downregulating VEGF-C and MMP9
Authors: Shen Zhimin , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Weiguang , Luo Fei , Xu Hui , Chen Shuchen , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) has been shown to play an important role in cancer progression. However, its pathogenic effects and molecular mechanism in the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the function of IL-1RA in ESCC and determine the relationship between IL-1RA and lymph node metastasis in ESCC patients. The clinical relevance of IL-1RA in relation to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of 100 ESCC patients was analyzed. The function and underlying mechanisms of IL-1RA in the growth, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis in ESCC were explored both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, on ESCC was also evaluated in animal experiments. Downregulation of IL-1RA was observed in ESCC tissues and cells and was found to be strongly correlated with pathological stage (P = 0.034) and lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.038). Functional assays demonstrated that upregulation of IL-1RA reduced cell proliferation, migration, and lymphangiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that overexpression of IL-1RA activated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the ESCC cells through activation of MMP9 and regulation of the expression and secretion of VEGF-C through the PI3K/NF-κB pathway. Anakinra treatment resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. IL-1RA inhibits lymph node metastasis of ESCC by regulating the EMT through activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9) and lymphangiogenesis, driven by VEGF-C and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Anakinra may be an effective drug for the inhibition of ESCC tumor formation and lymph node metastasis.
Choice of climate data influences predictions for current and future global invasion risks for two Phelsuma geckos
Authors: Dubos Nicolas , Fieldsend Thomas W. , Roesch Markus A. , Augros Stéphane , Besnard Aurélien , Choeur Arthur , Ineich Ivan , Krysko Kenneth , Leroy Boris , Malone Sparkle L. , Probst Jean-Michel , Raxworthy Christopher , Crottini Angelica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvasion risks may be influenced either negatively or positively by climate change, depending on the species. These can be predicted with species distribution models, but projections can be strongly affected by the source of the environmental data (climate data source, Global Circulation Models GCM and Shared Socio-economic Pathways SSP). We modelled the distribution ofPhelsuma grandisandP. laticauda, two Malagasy reptiles that are spreading globally. We accounted for drivers of spread and establishment using socio-economic factors (e.g., distance from ports) and two climate data sources, i.e., Climatologies at High Resolution for the Earth’s and Land Surface Areas (CHELSA) and Worldclim. We further quantified the degree of agreement in invasion risk models that utilised CHELSA and Worldclim data for current and future conditions. Most areas identified as highly exposed to invasion risks were consistently identified (e.g. in Caribbean and Pacific Islands). However, projected risks differed locally. We also found notable differences in quantitative invasion risk (3% difference in suitability scores forP. laticaudaand up to 14% forP. grandis) under current conditions. Despite both species native distributions overlapping substantially, climate change will drive opposite responses on invasion risks by 2070 (decrease forP. grandis,increase forP. laticauda). Overall, projections of future invasion risks were the most affected by climate data source, followed by SSP. Our results highlight that assessments of current and future invasion risks are sensitive to the climate data source, especially in islands. We stress the need to account for multiple climatologies when assessing invasion risks.
Thermal rounding for shape modification of high-performance polyetherketoneketone and reinforced polyetherketoneketone-carbon fiber composite particles
Authors: Unger Laura , Fischer Sybille , Sesseg Jens P. W. , Pfister Andreas , Schmidt Jochen , Bück Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study presents shape transformation of anisotropic high-performance thermoplastic polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and carbon fiber reinforced powder composite particles (HT-23) by thermal rounding. The shape transformation is achieved by (partial) melting of the high-temperature thermoplast microparticles. Three different process setups are presented, investigating the impact of the source of heat supply on the resulting shape modification: using a directly heated sheath gas flow, an indirect heat supply through the reactor wall and a combined approach. Regardless of the chosen setup, a modification of the particle shape was observable. The most advantageous shape transformation was observed in the indirect heating approach. In addition, the enhanced shape transformation yields an improved free flow behaviour of the powders, as quantified by ring-shear experiments. Reductions of the unconfined yield strengths of the powders for high consolidation stresses as high as 18 percent for PEKK and 30 percent for the HT-23 are achieved. Thereby, processability of the powder in laser based powder bed fusion is enhanced, extending the range of available (composite) polymer materials.
Immunomodulatory Activity on Human Macrophages by Cell-Free Supernatants to Explore the Probiotic and Postbiotic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains of Plant Origin
Authors: Rocchetti Maria Teresa , Russo Pasquale , De Simone Nicola , Capozzi Vittorio , Spano Giuseppe , Fiocco Daniela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUpon dietary administration, probiotic microorganisms can reach as live cells the human gut, where they interact with the microbiota and host cells, thereby exerting a beneficial impact on host functions, mainly through immune-modulatory activities. Recently, attention has been drawn by postbiotics, i.e. non-viable probiotic microbes, including their metabolic products, which possess biological activities that benefit the host. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a bacterial species that comprises recognised probiotic strains. In this study, we investigated in vitro the probiotic (and postbiotic) potential of seven L. plantarum strains, including five newly isolated from plant-related niches. The strains were shown to possess some basic probiotic attributes, including tolerance to the gastrointestinal environment, adhesion to the intestinal epithelium and safety. Besides, their cell-free culture supernatants modulated cytokine patterns in human macrophages in vitro, promoting TNF-α gene transcription and secretion, while attenuating the transcriptional activation and secretion of both TNF-α and IL-8 in response to a pro-inflammatory signal, and enhancing the production of IL-10. Some strains induced a high IL-10/IL-12 ratio that may correlate to an anti-inflammatory capacity in vivo. Overall, the investigated strains are good probiotic candidates, whose postbiotic fraction exhibits immunomodulatory properties that need further in vivo studies. The main novelty of this work consists in the polyphasic characterisation of candidate beneficial L. plantarum strains obtained from relatively atypical plant-associated niches, by an approach that explores both probiotic and postbiotic potentials, in particular studying the effect of microbial culture-conditioned media on cytokine pattern, analysed at both transcriptional and secretion level in human macrophages.
Digital interventions for genomics and genetics education, empowerment, and service engagement: A systematic review
Authors: Gasteiger Norina , Vercell Amy , Khan Naz , Dowding Dawn , Davies Angela C. , Davies Alan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background

Patient-facing digital technologies may reduce barriers to and alleviate the burden on genetics services. However, no work has synthesised the evidence for patient-facing digital interventions for genomics/genetics education and empowerment, or to facilitate service engagement more broadly. It is also unclear which groups have been engaged by digital interventions.

Aim
This systematic review explores which existing patient-facing digital technologies have been used for genomics/genetics education and empowerment, or to facilitate service engagement, and for whom and for which purposes the interventions have been developed.

Methods
The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eight databases were searched for literature. Information was extracted into an Excel sheet and analysed in a narrative manner. Quality assessments were conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
Twenty-four studies were included, of which 21 were moderate or high quality. The majority (88%) were conducted in the United States of America or within a clinical setting (79%). More than half (63%) of the interventions were web-based tools, and almost all focussed on educating users (92%). There were promising results regarding educating patients and their families and facilitating engagement with genetics services. Few of the studies focussed on empowering patients or were community-based.

Conclusion
Digital interventions may be used to deliver information about genetics concepts and conditions, and positively impact service engagement. However, there is insufficient evidence related to empowering patients and engaging underserved communities or consanguineous couples. Future work should focus on co-developing content with end users and incorporating interactive features.
Development of a medium/long-haul reference aircraft
Authors: Fröhler Benjamin M. H. J. , Häßy Jannik , Abu-Zurayk Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor the evaluation of future aircraft architectures or novel technologies, a well-understood and sound reference to compare to is essential to prove the impact of intended changes. A reference aircraft serves as a basis for calibration of the aircraft and is used as a starting point for subsequent investigations, sensitivity studies or optimizations. The prime need for such a reference arose from the European Clean-Sky-2 project HLFC-Win (Hybrid Laminar Flow Control—Wing), where no industrial reference data for a conventional aircraft were available. The project investigates a HLFC system integrated into the wing aiming to reduce the wing drag and consequently reducing the fuel consumption. Therefore, this paper presents the D300-XRF1 designed by DLR, which is based on the AIRBUS research aircraft XRF1 (eXternal Research Forum). It is intended to be used as a reference aircraft database representing aircraft for medium- and long-range missions. A variable fidelity multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDAO) aircraft design environment is set up to provide a consistent estimate of the geometry, mass breakdown, propulsion system, aerodynamics and aircraft performance. A conceptual aircraft design tool is utilized in the aircraft design environment to initialize the process, and higher-fidelity modules are used to enhance the results. The presented results describe the overall aircraft characteristics of the D300-XRF1 based on 2010 entry into service technology level and is offered to be used as a reference within the aviation research community, hopefully reducing similar design efforts in other research projects.The aircraft operates at a design cruise Mach number of 0.83, has a design range of 5500 NM and transports a payload of 31.5 t (300 PAX at 105 kg/PAX). The D300-XRF1 serves as a consistent reference aircraft database and provides a holistic overview of the aircraft’s performance that has been presented to and approved by AIRBUS. Therefore, this reference aircraft design can be used for future studies and to assess new technologies on a sophisticated level.
Management of surgical diseases of thyroid gland indications of the United Italian Society of Endocrine Surgery (SIUEC)
Authors: Del Rio P. , Polistena A. , Chiofalo M. G. , De Pasquale L. , Dionigi G. , Docimo G. , Graceffa G. , Iacobone M. , Medas Fabio , Pezzolla A. , Sorrenti S. , Spiezia S. , Calò P. G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA task force of the United Italian society of Endocrine Surgery (SIUEC) was commissioned to review the position statement on diagnostic, therapeutic and health‑care management protocol in thyroid surgery published in 2016, at the light of new technologies, recent oncological concepts, and tailored approaches. The objective of this publication was to support surgeons with modern rational protocols of treatment that can be shared by health-care professionals, taking into account important clinical, healthcare and therapeutic aspects, as well as potential sequelae and complications. The task force consists of 13 members of the SIUEC highly trained and experienced in thyroid surgery. The main topics concern clinical evaluation and preoperative workup, patient preparation for surgery, surgical treatment, non-surgical options, postoperative management, prevention and management of major complications, outpatient care and follow-up.