bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of helical polymers with deep-learning language models
Authors: Li Daoyi , Jiang Wen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany macromolecules in biological systems exist in the form of helical polymers. However, the inherent polymorphism and heterogeneity of samples complicate the reconstruction of helical polymers from cryo-EM images. Currently available 2D classification methods are effective at separating particles of interest from contaminants, but they do not effectively differentiate between polymorphs, resulting in heterogeneity in the 2D classes. As such, it is crucial to develop a method that can computationally divide a dataset of polymorphic helical structures into homogenous subsets. In this work, we utilized deep-learning language models to embed the filaments as vectors in hyperspace and group them into clusters. Tests with both simulated and experimental datasets have demonstrated that our method – HLM (Helical classification withLanguageModel) can effectively distinguish different types of filaments, in the presence of many contaminants and low signal-to-noise ratios. We also demonstrate that HLM can isolate homogeneous subsets of particles from a publicly available dataset, resulting in the discovery of a previously unknown non-proteinaceous density around tau filaments.
Emergent order in epithelial sheets by interplay of cell divisions and cell fate regulation
Authors: Greulich Philip 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fate choices of stem cells between self-renewal and differentiation are often tightly regulated by paracrine (cell-cell) signalling. Here, we assess how the interplay between cell division, differentiation, and short range paracrine signalling can affect the macroscopic ordering of cell types in self-renewing epithelial sheets, by studying a simple spatial cell fate model with cells being arranged on a 2D lattice. We show in this model that if cells commit to their fate directly upon cell division, macroscopic domains of cells of the same type emerge, if at least a small proportion of divisions are symmetric, except if signalling interactions are laterally inhibiting. In contrast, if cells are first ’licensed’ to differentiate, yet retaining the possibility to return to their naive state, macroscopic order only emerges if the signalling strength exceeds a critical threshold: if then the signalling interactions are laterally inducing, macroscopic domains emerge as well. Lateral inhibition, on the other hand, can in that case generate macroscopic patterns of alternating cell types (checkerboard pattern), yet only if the proportion of symmetric divisions is sufficiently low. These results can be understood theoretically by an analogy to phase transitions in spin systems known from statistical physics.Author summaryA fundamental question in stem cell biology is how a cell’s choice to differentiate or not (cell fate choices), is regulated through communication with other cells in a tissue, and whether these choices are a one-way path or to some degree reversible. However, measuring this in living animals is very difficult and often impossible, since this requires to make videos of cells inside the body with a microscope. Here, we employ a simple mathematical model for the fate choices of stem cells when they are regulated by communication with nearby cells in the tissue. We show that different means of cell fate choice and cell communication can lead to qualitatively different patterns of cell types: macroscopic domains, checkerboard patterns, or randomly disordered distributions, depending on the character of cell communication, and whether cell fate is one-way or reversible. Our analysis therefore shows that those aspects of stem cell activity, which are otherwise difficult to measure, can be distinguished by observing macroscopic patterns of cell types.
Crystal structure and biochemical activity of the macro domain from rubella virus p150
Authors: Stoll Guido A. , Zhang Liao , Modis Yorgo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTRubella virus remains a global health threat. Rubella infections during pregnancy can cause serious congenital pathology and no antiviral treatments are available. Rubella virus encodes a nonstructural polyprotein with RNA polymerase, methyltransferase, and papain-like cysteine protease activities, along with a putative macro domain of unknown function. Macro domains bind ADP-ribose adducts, a post-translational modification that plays a key role in host-virus conflicts. Some macro domains can also remove the mono-ADP-ribose adduct or degrade poly-ADP-ribose chains. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures of the macro domain from rubella virus nonstructural protein p150, with and without ADP-ribose bound. The overall fold is most similar to macroD-type macro domains from various nonviral species. The specific composition and structure of the residues that poised for catalysis or coordinate ADP-ribose in the rubella virus macro domain are most similar to those of macro domains from alphaviruses. Isothermal calorimetry and enzymatic assays show that the rubella virus macro domain binds ADP-ribose in solution and has mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase (de-MARylation) activity.IMPORTANCEOur work demonstrates that, like alpha- and coronaviruses, rubiviruses encode a mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase with a structurally conserved macro domain fold to counteract MARylation by PARPs in the host innate immune response. Our structural data will guide future efforts to develop novel antiviral therapeutics against rubella or infections with related viruses.
Auditing the auditors: a performative “spectacle” of public oversight
Authors: Ghattas Peter , Soobaroyen Teerooven , Uddin Shahzad , Marnet Oliver 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis paper analyses the establishment and evolution of a public oversight body (POB) – the Egyptian Audit Oversight Unit (AOU) – and its implications for local auditing firms and practices.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were gathered from 34 semi-structured interviews (including follow-up ones) between 2014 and 2020. Secondary data was obtained through publicly available documents and internal memos. Drawing on Debord's (1967) Society of the Spectacle, the insights focus on the POB's conception, materialisation and evolution in a context characterised by weak regulatory structures.FindingsThrough a series of acts, the findings reveal how the AOU first accepted the image of “international best practice” oversight (the “metaphorical”), followed by the construction of the local structure and décor replicating a United States (US) style POB archetype (the “transformational”) by primarily relying on visible processes/procedures. Yet, these mechanisms emphasised the spectacular nature of oversight, with little improvement for practice and limiting itself to “cracking down” on smaller local firms. A final stage (the “performative”) reveals how the AOU seeks to expand its activities beyond its original mandate without challenging the image-driven nature of its oversight.Originality/valueThe paper offers two key contributions. First, it reveals how actors, through a combination of symbolic and tangible measures, create a new performative reality of public oversight. Second, it advocates Debord's “spectacle” to complement other theoretical lenses, with a view to illuminating the materialisation stages that bridge the gap between proclaimed oversight policies and actual practices (including conscious and unconscious omissions) within a given political economy context.
Nonylphenols found in wastewater of activewear garments, after laundering in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Harman Rebekah , Salmanzadeh Mahdiyeh , Sandoval Nicolas , Rathinaraj Pierson 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to determine the level of nonylphenols (NPs) present in wastewater from the first launder of new activewear garments purchased in Aotearoa, New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachFifteen garments were purchased and prepared, and each was laundered separately. Wastewater was collected from each of the garments being laundered and tested for NPs, along with the controls.FindingsAccording to the obtained results, detectable levels of NPs were present in all the garments tested.Originality/valueThe results obtained from the detection of NPs present in activewear garments is the first study of its kind in New Zealand and adds to the understanding of the distance that toxic chemicals can travel when used in textile manufacturing.
Surfacing the complex conceptions of equity across making and tinkering spaces
Authors: Roque Ricarose , Hladik Stephanie , Moreno Celeste , Hayden Ronni 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Relatively few studies have examined the perspectives of informal learning facilitators who play key roles in cultivating an equitable learning environment for nondominant youth and families in making and tinkering spaces. This study aims to foreground the perspectives of facilitators and highlight the complexities and tensions that influence their equity work.

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with facilitators of making and tinkering spaces across three informal learning organizations: a museum, a public library system and a network of community technology centers. This study then used a framework that examined equity along dimensions of access to what, for whom, based on whose values and toward what ends to analyze both the explicit and implicit conceptions of equity that surfaced in these interviews.

Findings
Across organizations, this study identified similarities and differences in facilitators’ conceptualizations of equity that were influenced by their different contexts and had implications for practice at each organization. Highlighting the complexity of enacting equity in practice, this study found moments when dimensions of equity came together in resonant ways, while other moments showed how dimensions can be in tension with each other.

Practical implications
The complexity that facilitators must navigate to enact equity in their practice emphasizes the need for professional development and support for facilitators to deepen their conceptions and practices around equity beyond access – not just skill building in making and tinkering.

Originality/value
This study recognizes the important role that facilitators play in enabling equity-oriented participation in making and tinkering spaces and contributes the “on the ground” perspectives of facilitators to highlight the complexity and tensions of enacting equity in practice.
Group-affiliations and corporate cash holdings: moderating role of political connectedness
Authors: Sohail Amer , Butt Zohaib , Butt Affaf Asghar , Shahzad Aamer 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis study examines the effect of business group affiliations on corporate cash holdings and how political connectedness modifies the relationship between business group affiliations and corporate cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachThe multiple ordinary least square regression with year dummies is used to estimate the effect of business groups on cash holdings. For moderating, the multiplicative term is used. The data from 252 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange were collected for the analysis from 2010 to 2018.FindingsThe findings show that business group affiliations negatively affect corporate cash holdings, and political connection positively moderates this relationship. Business group firms that are politically connected hold less cash. The firm-specific factors such as leverage, size, cash flow, and dividend dummy also significantly affect corporate cash holdings.Practical implicationsThe results imply that affiliated companies have lessened financing frictions and improved stability in their expected future cash flows. Moreover, the results indicate that political connection minimizes the opportunity and agency costs linked to cash holdings.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by examining the moderating role of political affiliations on the relationship between business groups and cash holdings in the emerging market.
On the welfare effect of retail electricity subsidy in Vietnam
Authors: Do Lam , Le Thai-Ha 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis research investigates how subsidy programs in Vietnam's residential electricity market affect consumers' well-being.Design/methodology/approachTwo perspectives are employed: cash transfer and quantity-based subsidy. The effectiveness of cash transfer is measured in three ways: benefit incidence, beneficiary incidence and materiality. The quantity-based subsidy is established under the increasing block rate pricing, with the first two block rates being lower than the marginal cost. To improve the quantity-based subsidy, the research examines the consumer surplus under four proposals.FindingsThe results show that both types of subsidies are ineffective in supporting the poor.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to achieve a more equal distribution among households, the subsidy program should remove all subsidized blocks and reflect the full marginal cost. Changes should be made to the price structure regarding both marginal price and intervals.Practical implicationsTo mitigate the impact of the quantity-based subsidy, the government should improve the cash transfer by reducing extortion and improving targeting efficiency, especially for poor households living in rented houses.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to discuss the welfare effect of the electricity subsidy in Vietnam. First, it comprehensively evaluates the cash transfer subsidy in Vietnam. Second, it suggests a modification in the residential electricity tariff.
Leaders’ behavioral approach in the digital era: task vs relationship
Authors: Farhan Wejdan , Chaudhry Iffat Sabir , Razmak Jamil , El Refae Ghaleb A. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe importance of modeling digital leadership in quickly digitizing countries, like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is inevitable for building leadership capabilities to lead, engage and motivate remote employees in the digital environment. Using Blake and Mouton Grid, the current study examines the behavioral approach used by the leaders from both public and private sectors while managing their workforce digitally in the period of the pandemic, when 70% of the workforce worked remotely for the first-time in the region.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted by the managerial employees working in different firms using self-administered questionnaires and adopting the snowball sampling technique. In total, 476 respondents participated in the study from both the Emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.FindingsThe analysis using IBM SPSS and Smart PLS software reported that 9 out of 10 leaders positioned their digital leadership style well above the middle-of-the-road management style (5,5) oriented towards team management (9,9); with 7 out of 9 displaying high team management leadership style, while managing remote workers. However, millennials displayed higher task orientation when compared to generation-x leaders, who concentrated more on their relations with the workers.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for practitioners in technology driven regions. Also the results highlighting the task-oriented approach of millennials digital leaders have implication for owners and board of directors of the firms that seniority is not the only credible approach for leadership positions.Originality/valueThe study reveals the behavioral styles beneficial for digital leaders to develop their leadership capabilities and increase their effectiveness while managing the workforce digitally. Black Mountain Grid and its two-dimensional leadership matrix has been found to be a useful conceptual approach for understanding digital leadership behaviors, and based on study findings, recommendations have been provided to effectively improve its utilization for leading teams. The findings have implications for practitioners in technology driven regions as well as digital leadership field scholars.
Framework for liner shipping connectivity data analytics and research
Authors: Yap Wei Yim 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis research proposes a framework to conceptualise the potential realm of data regarding shipping connectivity for application of data analytics which can be used to generate deeper insights with respect to the state of such linkages and potential areas for practical application.Design/methodology/approachThe study method involved comprehensive presentation of different perspectives of assessing shipping connectivity and levels of data contained within container shipping services and proposed potential application to analyse profitability, performance, competitiveness, risk and environmental impact.FindingsAdvances in capabilities to handle large volumes of data offer scope for an integrated approach which utilises all available data from various stakeholders in analyses of liner shipping connectivity. Research shows how different types of data contained in container shipping services are related and can be organised for application of data analytics.Research limitations/implicationsResearch implications are offered to shipping lines, port managers and operators and policymakers.Practical implicationsThis research presented a conceptual framework that captures the range of data involved in container shipping services and how data analytics can be practically applied in an integrated manner.Originality/valueThis paper is the first in literature to discuss in detail the different levels of data that reside within shipping services that constitute liner shipping connectivity for application of data analytics.
New design of rotating eddy current probe for arbitrary orientation cracks detection
Authors: Barrarat Fatima , Rayane Karim , Helifa Bachir , Bensaid Samir , Lefkaier Iben Khaldoun 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Detecting the orientation of cracks is a major challenge in the development of eddy current nondestructive testing probes. Eddy current-based techniques are limited in their ability to detect cracks that are not perpendicular to induced current flows. This study aims to investigate the application of the rotating electromagnetic field method to detect arbitrary orientation defects in conductive nonferrous parts. This method significantly improves the detection of cracks of any orientation.

Design/methodology/approach
A new rotating uniform eddy current (RUEC) probe is presented. Two exciting pairs consisting of similar square-shaped coils are arranged orthogonally at the same lifting point, thus avoiding further adjustment of the excitation system to generate a rotating electromagnetic field, eliminating any need for mechanical rotation and focusing this field with high density. A circular detection coil serving as a receiver is mounted in the middle of the excitation system.

Findings
A simulation model of the rotating electromagnetic field system is performed to determine the rules and characteristics of the electromagnetic signal distribution in the defect area. Referring to the experimental results aimed to detect artificial cracks at arbitrary angles in underwater structures using the rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) system in Li et al. (2016), the model proposed in this paper is validated.

Originality/value
CEDRAT FLUX 3D simulation results showed that the proposed probe can detect cracks with any orientation, maintaining the same sensitivity, which demonstrates its effectiveness. Furthermore, the proposed RUEC probe, associated with the exploitation procedure, allows us to provide a full characterization of the crack, namely, its length, depth and orientation in a one-pass scan, by analyzing the magnetic induction signal.
A study of employees’ utilization of microlearning platforms in organizations
Authors: Karlsen Jan Terje , Balsvik Erika , Rønnevik Marie 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate which a priori factors documented in the literature and new factors that influence employees’ self-regulated microlearning behavior and the utilization of internal microlearning platforms in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a single-case study on a Swedish retail group that had developed an internally-built microlearning platform, collecting data through semistructured interviews with 13 informants.

Findings
The authors have identified eight factors that affect employees’ self-regulated microlearning processes. In addition to confirming the presence of five factors from previous research, the authors have discovered the influence of three new factors on self-regulated learning. These new factors are prioritization, other learning platforms and relevant content.

Originality/value
The study conducted a unique investigation into the factors influencing employees’ self-regulated learning strategies and their impact on the utilization of microlearning platforms. Previous research has given limited attention to this research topic and associated questions, making this study a valuable contribution.
A state of the art of Lean Six Sigma in the Indian context – 21st century: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Citybabu G. , Yamini S. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis research aims to conduct a literature review of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in the Indian context and related research publications and apply bibliometric analysis and the author's visualization to map research trends in this area.Design/methodology/approachThis article conducts a bibliometric analysis of LSS-related research in the Indian context using data gathered from Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2011 to 2022. The review provides information on LSS-related research in the Indian context and evaluates performance based on primary sources, authors, keywords, countries, affiliations, and documents. The analysis employs the Biblioshiny app and Bibliometrix R-tool for data analysis and scientific mapping.FindingsThe results of the bibliometric analysis indicate that the LSS culture has widely spread in India. The International Journal of Lean Six Sigma and Production Planning and Control were found to be the most productive sources for publishing LSS-related research articles. Antony J. was identified as the most active author in this field, contributing the most over the years. Among all organizations, NITs have conducted the most comprehensive research on LSS, indicating their significant investment of resources and efforts in studying this methodology and its applications in India. Additionally, the study examined the intellectual, social, and conceptual structures to identify implicit gaps and future research opportunities.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can inform academicians, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers about the state-of-the-art and the specifics of the most prolific studies. This study will facilitate their exploration of emerging research areas in LSS.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of LSS in the Indian context, providing an overview of relevant publications published between 2011 and 2022. This study analyzed 194 articles on LSS in India, which can help researchers and academics identify emerging research areas, suitable collaborators, and relevant journals for future publications.