bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the LPA‐SQUASH in post‐liver‐transplant patients
Authors: Ushio Miyuki , Makimoto Kiyoko , Fujita Kimie , Tanaka Satomi , Kanaoka Maki , Kosai Yukiko , Harada Noboru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to validate the revised Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH) to measure sedentary activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The proposed scale could be useful for transplantation nurses to assess and modify sedentary lifestyles and increase physical activity.MethodsThe SQUASH was modified to include items on sitting time and light‐intensity physical activity (LPA‐SQUASH). A pilot study was conducted with 20 liver transplant patients, and an expert panel validated the scale contents. Then, post‐liver‐transplant outpatients at a Japanese university hospital participated in the main study (September–October 2020), in which questionnaires were mailed twice to assess test–retest reliability, and accelerometers used to establish criterion validity. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for test–retest reliability. Spearman correlations and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess validity and measurement error.ResultsIn total, 173 participants returned the questionnaires, and 106 and 71 completed the reliability and validation studies, respectively. The range of LPA‐SQUASH correlation coefficients for test–retest was .49–.58. ICCs ranged from .72 to .80 for items other than leisure. Accelerometer data and the LPA‐SQUASH total physical activity amount and light‐intensity physical activity correlated moderately.ConclusionWe modified the SQUASH, which was developed to measure physical activity in healthy adults, to assess light‐intensity physical activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The LPA‐SQUASH showed acceptable validity and reliability. The questionnaire may be used by transplantation nurses to examine light‐intensity physical activity content/duration, deliver patient education considering patients' sedentary lifestyle, and facilitate goal setting for physical activity interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome.
Catastrophic implant failure after immediate loading of full arch implant prosthesis and its association with CPAP therapy: A case report
Authors: Rodriguez Julio J. , Gertler Alexis , Bender John , Surathu Neeraj , Balshi Thomas J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFull arch implant‐supported restorations are a common treatment modality for patients with a terminal dentition or an edentulous mouth. Several mechanical and biological factors that contribute to complications or failure are already extensively documented. Some patients receiving complex implant‐based treatment plans also suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask in some of these patients is a lesser‐known factor that could contribute to implant complications or failures. This article describes how the use of a CPAP machine may be a risk factor in implant dentistry and describes a patient whose use of a CPAP machine and mask led to a catastrophic failure of mandibular full arch dental implants.
What have we learned about sexual harassment among young people? Concluding reflections
Authors: Holmqvist Gattario Kristina , Lunde Carolina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article contains concluding reflections for a special issue on sexual harassment among young people. In this concluding article, we reflect on the 14 individual papers in the special issue through three cross‐cutting themes, each with important implications for policy and practice. The themes highlight that (1) attitudes and norms related to sexual harassment are core to its occurrence among young people, (2) the sexual harassment experiences of minority and otherwise hidden youth need to be heard, and (3) innovative approaches and methods advance the current knowledge about sexual harassment among young people. Furthermore, we stress that school policies against sexual harassment need to be reflected in the behaviors of school personnel and peers, and that both students and teachers need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to combat sexual harassment. It is our hope that this special issue will be valuable for researchers, the formulation of societal and school policies, and for the design of developmentally informed interventions.
Evaluation of gallbladder motility assessed by ultrasonography in dogs with hyperlipidemia
Authors: Villm Jessica A. , DeMonaco Stefanie M. , Panciera David L. , Larson Martha M. , Bolton Timothy A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of gallbladder (GB) mucoceles in dogs is unknown. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair GB motility and contribute to GB mucocele formation.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare GB motility in dogs with hyperlipidemia to control dogs using ultrasonography. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemic dogs will have decreased GB motility compared with controls.AnimalsTwenty‐six hyperlipidemic and 28 healthy, age‐matched control dogs were prospectively enrolled.MethodsCholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in all dogs. Hyperlipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia (>332 mg/dL) and/or hypertriglyceridemia (>143 mg/dL) using a biochemical analyzer. Ultrasound was performed before feeding, and 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of a high fat diet. Gallbladder volumes (GBV) and ejection fractions (EF) were calculated.ResultsHyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBVs (ml/kg) before feeding and 60 minutes after feeding of 1.2 (0.4‐7.5;P = .008) and 0.6 (0.1‐7.2;P = .04) compared with controls 0.6 (0.2‐2.6) and 0.4 (0.1‐1.9), respectively. Severely hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBV at baseline, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes of 1.7 (0.6‐7.5;P = .03), 1.3 (0.4‐7.2;P = .02), and 1.3 (0.2‐8.2;P = .04), respectively compared with mildly hyperlipidemic dogs. EFs at 60 and 120 minutes between controls, hyperlipidemic, and severely hyperlipidemic were all 0.3 at 60 minutes and 0.5, 0.3, and 0.3 at 120 minutes, respectively which were not statistically different.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHyperlipidemia leads to GB distention in dogs which could lead to retention of bile and gallbladder disease.
Effect of high temperature on the meiofauna composition, abundance, and biomass in a zone of geophysical anomalies
Authors: Álvarez‐Castillo Lucía , Hermoso‐Salazar Margarita , Rivas Gerardo , Estradas‐Romero Alejandro , Prol‐Ledesma Rosa María 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeiofauna are an excellent assemblage for studying how environmental changes affect numerous invertebrates. Meiofaunal distribution can be influenced by several key environmental factors which may differ among habitats and could be too numerous to evaluate. The Wagner and Consag shallow basins are located at the northern end of the Gulf of California. These basins are a young rift system where intense gas discharge has been reported and correlated to anomalously high heat flow (105 W/m2) and temperature (50.2°C in this study). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on the abundance and biomass distribution of the meiofauna in these two shallow and geologically anomalous basins and to determine which of the measured variables are key factors. Sediment samples were collected during the “Sísmica 2015” expedition aboard R/V “Alpha Helix” during September 2015, within a depth range of 39–237 m. A total of 609 organisms were separated and six taxonomic groups were identified: Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Nematoda, Kinorhyncha, Ostracoda, and Harpacticoida. Meiofauna abundance ranged from 0 to 114.11 ind/10 cm2 and biomass ranged from 0 to 300.02 μg Corg/10 cm2. Though abundance and biomass were found to be correlated to sediment temperature, the main factor associated with the observed meiofaunal distribution was grain size temperature, however, was confirmed as the most important environmental factor as it was responsible for the greatest spatial variation in meiofaunal composition throughout the Wagner and Consag basins, where high temperature stations showed lower abundances. There is still very little known about meiofauna from extreme environments and their clear responses to these extreme conditions is lacking in the published literature. There is an urgent need to understand the biology and ecology of the meiofauna taxa that thrive in these natural environments. The findings in this study may provide some insights into these ecological processes, but more importantly they may be of use in assessing the vulnerability of benthic communities to future anthropogenic disturbances.
Whiteness theory and the (in)visible hierarchy in medical education
Authors: Zaidi Zareen , Rockich‐Winston Nicole , Chow Candace , Martin Paolo C. , Onumah Chavon , Wyatt Tasha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContextThe theory of whiteness in medical education has largely been ignored, yet its power continues to influence learners within our medical curricula and our patients and trainees within our health systems. Its influence is even more powerful given the fact that society maintains a ‘possessive investment’ in its presence. In combination, these (in)visible forces create environments that favour White individuals at the exclusion of all others, and as health professions educators and researchers, we have the responsibility to uncover how and why these influences continue to pervade medical education.ProposalTo better understand how whiteness and the possessive investment in its presence create (in)visible hierarchies, we define and explore the origin of whiteness by examining whiteness studies and how we have come to have a possessive investment in its presence. Next, we provide ways in which whiteness can be studied in medical education so that it can be disruptive.ConclusionWe encourage health profession educators and researchers to collectively ‘make strange’ our current hierarchical system by not just recognising the privileges afforded to those who are White but also recognising how these privileges are invested in and maintained. As a community, we must develop and resist established power structures to transform the current hierarchy into a more equitable system that supports everyone, not just those who are White.
The benefits of nonprofit reputation: Government funding, nonprofit performance, and nonprofit reputational gains
Authors: de Menezes Aline Brêtas , Peci Alketa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReputation is a valuable intangible resource whose role in public–nonprofit collaborations remains unexplored. Does nonprofit reputation influence government funding and nonprofit performance? Does nonprofit performance enhance nonprofit reputational gains? Our identification strategy adopts panel regression methods to assess whether nonprofit reputation influences government funding and nonprofit performance in 675 collaborations between the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) and 60 nonprofit hospitals from 2012 to 2019. Our results indicate that reputable nonprofit hospitals receive more government funding, hire more staff and achieve higher levels of production. This research also suggests a virtuous cycle: Better nonprofit performance leads to nonprofit reputational gains in official rankings. We thus contribute to reputation and public–nonprofit collaboration scholarship by empirically examining the role of nonprofit reputation in public–nonprofit collaborations and identifying mediators of the nonprofit reputation–performance link while responding to calls for more panel data analyses.
Green technological progress, agricultural modernization, and wage inequality: Lessons from China
Authors: Wang Dianshuang , Huang Hongyun , Zhao Xin , Fang Fang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGreen technological progress (GTP) is crucial for environmental protection and economic growth in China. Over the past decades, China made huge GTP which exerts a far‐reaching consequence on economic and social development. However, a paucity of research investigates the distributional effect of GTP. Meanwhile, we incorporate agricultural producer service sector into a three‐sector general equilibrium model to reflect the modernization of small‐scale agriculture. The agricultural producer service sector that acts as an intermediate sector can facilitate the utilization of intermediate inputs indirectly. To desalinate this process, a two‐layer vertical production structure is established: parts of manufacturing goods are utilized by the service sector, outputs of which are intermediate inputs that could substitute labor in agriculture. Theoretical analysis shows that GTP increases both wage of skilled labor and unskilled labor. Nevertheless, GTP generates a greater impact on the wage of skilled labor than unskilled labor, leading to widening income disparity. Then, we examine the impact of GTP on wage inequality using a balanced panel data covering 30 provincial units in China during 2000–2019. In line with our theoretical conjecture, we find strong supportive evidences that GTP significantly widens the wage inequality.
Combination of STAT3 inhibitor with Herceptin reduced immune checkpoints expression and provoked anti‐breast cancer immunity: An in vitro study
Authors: Jahangiri Amirhossein , Ezzeddini Rana , Zounemat Kermani Nazanin , Bahrami Fariborz , Salek Farrokhi Amir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent diagnosed cancer among women. Herceptin blocks the effects of Her‐2 and tumour cell growth. Despite many achievements using Herceptin in Her‐2+ invasive BC treatment, there are treatment failures and resistances. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in BC and is associated with immune suppression and tumour cell proliferation. We evaluated whether STAT3 inhibition could increase Herceptin impact on in vitro reduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and polarize T cells to a protective immune response. We treated SK‐BR‐3 cells with Herceptin and the STAT3‐inhibitor (FLLL32) and assessed the apoptosis and expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, VEGF, Her‐2 and apoptosis targets of STAT3. PBMCs were isolated from healthy donors and co‐cultured with SK‐BR‐3 cells in the presence or absence of Herceptin and FLLL32. PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, TIM‐3 and T‐cell intracellular cytokines were then evaluated. Our results demonstrated that STAT3 inhibition and Herceptin increased SK‐BR‐3 cell apoptosis, significantly. STAT3 inhibition through combination treatment had a more significant effect on regulating PD‐1, TIM‐3 and CTLA‐4 expression on PBMCs. Alternatively, the combination of FLLL32 and Herceptin promoted T helper‐1 protective immune response. The combination of FLLL32 and Herceptin suppress the expression of immune checkpoints and provoke the T‐helper1 immune response in lymphocytes. Our analysis indicates STAT3 as a promising target that improves Herceptin's role in breast cancer cell apoptosis.
Intersectionality, agency and take‐up of benefits among families living in poverty
Authors: Weiss‐Dagan Shlomit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon‐take‐up of benefits is a common problem in welfare states. Knowledge gaps are a fundamental factor in such non‐take‐up. Through a critical social structure and agency lens, the objective of the current study was to examine the contribution of different individual and social variables to the access of knowledge on rights among families living in poverty. Specifically, we focused on the intersection of nationality (Arab‐Israeli versus Jewish‐Israeli) and family structure (single‐parent versus two‐parent). The findings relied on a secondary analysis of an administrative database of a program for families living in poverty. The sample consisted of 1512 families, of whom 839 were Jewish‐Israeli and 673 were Arab‐Israeli. Our findings showed that nationality and family structure intersected and correlated with families' access to knowledge on rights. Jewish two‐parent families had the most economic privileges, but Jewish single‐parent families had the highest access to knowledge on rights. Arab single‐parent families had the worst economic, personal agency and social support conditions and the lowest access to knowledge on rights. The conclusion of this study is that looking at the non‐take‐up of benefits through an intersectional lens can help us understand more clearly the social structure barriers preventing take‐up. Social policy implications are discussed.
Revisiting Forced Convective Enhanced Heat Transfer in Offset-Strip-Fin Cores and Rationalized Performance Prediction Correlations
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ting , Shi Dantong , Jog Milind A. , Manglik Raj M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of rationalized correlations for Fanning friction factor f and Colburn j factor for forced air-flow convection in rectangular offset-strip-fin cores is presented in this study with 100 ≤ Re ≤ 8000. New experimental data and three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer computational simulations were acquired to understand the flow physics and heat transfer phenomena. The offset arrangement of the fins disrupts the fully-developed condition prevalent in plain fins to promote secondary flow and enhanced heat transfer, and this effect is found to be fundamentally scaled by offset length ratio λ(=ℓ/dh). Furthermore, because of the blunt surface edge or finite thickness of the offset fin, the flow stagnation and wake effects are integral parts to the secondary flow. The influence is found to be characterized by the thickness ratio ζ(=tRe/dh) as well as the rectangular flow cross section aspect ratio α(=s/hf). New models are proposed for f and j in both laminar and turbulent regimes based on the enhanced convection effects, which are represented by these scaling parameters, and are superimposed on the fully-developed condition in a rectangular channel. The correlations are thereby devised from the new sets of experimental data as well as that given in the open literature and thus cover a wide range of λ, ζ, and α. Because the transition from laminar to turbulent regimes is smooth and continuous, the general correlations of f and j are developed by asymptotic matching as single expressions and are shown to predict the extended dataset to within ±20%.
Harmonics of Pulsatile Pressure at Different Ages and Its Effect on Other Pulsatile Parameters and Waveform-Based Clinical Indices
Authors: Hao Zhili 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pulsatile pressure at an artery is a collection of harmonics of the heartbeat. This study examines harmonics of pulsatile pressure at different ages and its effect on other pulsatile parameters and waveform-based clinical indices. Based on a vibrating-string model of the arterial tree, wave velocity and characteristic impedance are related to arterial stiffness and radius. Blood velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and driving force on the left ventricle (LV) are related to pulsatile pressure. Reflection magnitude and return time are related to input impedance. These relations are applied to pulsatile pressure and blood velocity at the ascending aorta (AA) and the carotid artery (CA) at different ages in a database to calculate harmonics of all the pulsatile parameters and reflection magnitude and return time at each harmonic. Harmonics of pulsatile pressure varies with aging and between the two arteries. Reflection magnitude and return time vary between harmonics. While wave reflection manifests the arterial tree (i.e., arterial stiffness and radius) and termination, harmonics of pulsatile pressure is a combination of the LV, the arterial tree, and termination. Harmonics of pulsatile pressure dictates harmonics of WSS and affects endothelial function. Harmonics of pulsatile pressure needs to serve as an independent clinical index indicative of the LV function and endothelial function. Reflection magnitude and return time of the 1st harmonic of pulsatile pressure serve as clinical indices indicative of arterial stiffness and radius.
17 Microdosing/microtracer based pediatric drug development
Authors: van Duijn Esther , Erpelinck Steven , Vaes Wouter 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAn overview is given on the use of microdosing/microtracing studies for the safer and faster development of drugs in children. In a microdosing study a very small amount of radiolabelled (often 14C) drug is administered to a human volunteer. Using accelerator mass spectrometry extremely low amounts of the drug and metabolites can be traced and quantified.MethodsSeveral publications show the feasibility of microdose/microtrace studies in the pediatric population, providing insight into the ontogenic differences between all age groups. So far well-known drugs have been used for these studies in children, such as midazolam and paracetamol. Information was generated on the absolute bioavailability, mass balance and metabolite profiles.ResultsIn pediatric drug development especially metabolic pathways raise a challenge, as between age groups the expression levels and activity of metabolizing enzymes can differ significantly. In 2019 the FDA released a draft of the “General Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Neonatal Studies for Drugs and Biological Products Guidance for Industry”. This document includes the recommendation to perform microdosing studies in neonates to assess ontogenic differences in the metabolic pathways compared to older populations.ConclusionsThe classic approach of developing a drug for the pediatric population is time consuming, as each age class, starting from human adults down to neonates is investigated consecutively. Using a microdosing approach information in all age groups could be generated in parallel without increasing safety risks, when dose linearity for the drug of interest is shown adults. Thereby providing the most accurate “prediction model” for drug behavior at therapeutic levels.
22 Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised infants and children with chronic RNA viral infections
Authors: Cheng Iek , Solas Caroline , Howley Evey , Breuer Judith , Standing Joseph , Kreins Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionFavipiravir selectively inhibits RNA polymerase responsible for single-stranded viral replication. It is licensed for treating influenza and repurposed to treat other diseases such as Ebola and COVID-19. It is metabolised by hepatic aldehyde oxidase (AO) and is an AO inhibitor with complex pharmacokinetics. We have used favipiravir, in combination with other antivirals, in severely immunocompromised children with life-threatening RNA virus infections. As an unlicensed indication, favipiravir pharmacokinetics were routinely monitored at our institution. Population pharmacokinetic model is used to describe the favipiravir pharmacokinetic properties, drug exposure and sources of variability in these children.MethodsRoutine favipiravir plasma levels of 9 patients (0.8–11yrs, mean age=5.3yrs; median weight=15kg) were analysed retrospectively (62 samples). All patients received favipiravir 200mg or 400mg tds and had at least one plasma level 45min (peak), 3h and 8h (trough) post-dose. Parameter estimation and model simulation properties (visual predictive check) were assessed using R language (v 4.1.2) and RStudio (2022.02.0+443).ResultsA one-compartment model with weight as covariate best describes the data, with (1) elimination clearance=1L/h and volume of distribution=7.54L, both allometric scaled centring at median weight, and (2) estimated t1/2=5.17h with Cmax = 24µg/mL at 200mg and 41µg/mL at 400mg.ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is the first report of favipiravir pharmacokinetic parameters in infants and young children. Weight significantly improves the model fit as a covariate. Reported EC50 for norovirus in vitro was 19–39µg/mL and enterovirus 71 was 23µg/mL, indicating higher favipiravir doses or combination with other antivirals are required.