bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased CRISPLD2 expression impairs osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro expansion
Authors: Rong Weiqiong , Rome Calvin P. , Dietrich Marilyn A. , Yao Shaomian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are the cornerstone of regenerative medicine; large quantities of hMSCs are required via in vitro expansion to meet therapeutic purposes. However, hMSCs quickly lose their osteogenic differentiation potential during in vitro expansion, which is a major roadblock to their clinical applications. In this study, we found that the osteogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs), dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and adipose stem cells (hASCs) was severely impaired after in vitro expansion. To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying this in vitro expansion‐related loss of osteogenic capacity in hMSCs, the transcriptome changes following in vitro expansion of these hMSCs were compared. Cysteine‐rich secretory protein LCCL domain‐containing 2 (CRISPLD2) was identified as the most downregulated gene shared by late passage hBMSCs, hDPSCs, and hASCs. Both the secreted and non‐secreted CRISPLD2 proteins progressively declined in hMSCs during in vitro expansion when the cells gradually lost their osteogenic potential. We thus hypothesized that the expression of CRISPLD2 is critical for hMSCs to maintain their osteogenic differentiation potential during in vitro expansion. Our studies showed that the knockdown of CRISPLD2 in early passage hBMSCs inhibited the cells' osteogenic differentiation in a siRNA dose‐dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis and immunoblotting indicated that the CRISPLD2 knockdown‐induced osteogenesis suppression might be attributed to the downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) and forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1). Furthermore, adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated CRISPLD2 overexpression could somewhat rescue the impaired osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs during in vitro expansion. These results revealed that the downregulation of CRISPLD2 contributes to the impaired osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs during in vitro expansion. Our findings shed light on understanding the loss of osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs and provide a potential therapeutic target gene for bone‐related diseases.
Specific miRNAs are associated with human cancer cachexia in an organ‐specific manner
Authors: Krauss Tanja , Heisz Simone , Honecker Julius , Prokopchuk Olga , Martignoni Marc , Janssen Klaus‐Peter , Claussnitzer Melina , Hauner Hans , Seeliger Claudine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia (CCx) is a complex and multi‐organ wasting syndrome characterized by substantial weight loss and poor prognosis. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of cancer cachexia is essential. How microRNAs contribute to the clinical manifestation and progression of CCx remains elusive. The aim of this study was to identify specific miRNAs related to organ‐specific CCx and explore their functional role in humans.MethodsmiRNA patterns in serum and in cachexia target organs (liver, muscle and adipose tissue) from weight stable (N ≤ 12) and cachectic patients (N ≤ 23) with gastrointestinal cancer were analysed. As a first step, a miRNA array (158 miRNAs) was performed in pooled serum samples. Identified miRNAs were validated in serum and corresponding tissue samples. Using in silico prediction, related genes were identified and evaluated. The findings were confirmed in vitro by siRNA knock‐down experiments in human visceral preadipocytes and C2C12 myoblast cells and consecutive gene expression analyses.ResultsValidating the results of the array, a 2‐fold down‐regulation of miR‐122‐5p (P = 0.0396) and a 4.5‐fold down‐regulation of miR‐194‐5p (P < 0.0001) in serum of CCx patients in comparison with healthy controls were detected. Only miR‐122‐5p correlated with weight loss and CCx status (P = 0.0367). Analysing corresponding tissues six muscle and eight visceral adipose tissue (VAT) cachexia‐associated miRNAs were identified. miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐375 and miR‐424‐5p were the most consistently affected miRNAs in tissues of CCx patients correlating negatively with the severity of body weight loss (P = 0.0386, P = 0.0112 and P = 0.0075, respectively). We identified numerous putative target genes of the miRNAs in association with muscle atrophy and lipolysis pathways. Knock‐down experiments in C2C12 myoblast cells revealed an association of miR‐27b‐3p and the in silico predicted atrophy‐related target genes IL‐15 and TRIM63. Both were up‐regulated in miR‐27b‐3p knock‐down cells (P < 0.05). Concordantly, in muscle tissue of CCx individuals, significant higher expression levels of IL‐15 (P = 0.0237) and TRIM63 (P = 0.0442) were detected. miR‐424‐5p was identified to regulate the expression of lipase genes. Knock‐down experiments in human visceral preadipocytes revealed an inverse association of miR‐424‐5p with its predicted target genes LIPE, PNPLA2, MGLL and LPL (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe identified miRNAs, in particular miR‐122‐5p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐375 and miR‐424‐5p, represent features of human CCx and may contribute to tissue wasting and skeletal muscle atrophy through the regulation of catabolic signals. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of the identified miRNAs as a screening tool for early detection of cancer cachexia.
Turán number for odd‐ballooning of trees
Authors: Zhu Xiutao , Chen Yaojun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Turán number is the maximum number of edges in an ‐free graph on vertices. Let be any tree. The odd‐ballooning of , denoted by , is a graph obtained by replacing each edge of with an odd cycle containing the edge, and all new vertices of the odd cycles are distinct. In this paper, we determine the exact value of for sufficiently large and being good, which generalizes all the known results on for being a star, due to Erdős, Füredi, Gould, and Gunderson (1995), Hou, Qiu, and Liu (2018), and Yuan (2018), and provides some counterexamples with chromatic number three to a conjecture of Keevash and Sudakov (2004), on the maximum number of edges not in any monochromatic copy of in a 2‐edge‐coloring of a complete graph of order .
Exploring genotype–phenotype correlations in glutaric aciduria type 1
Authors: Schuurmans Imke M. E. , Dimitrov Bianca , Schröter Julian , Ribes Antonia , de la Fuente Rubén Pérez , Zamora Berta , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Kölker Stefan , Garanto Alejandro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is a rare neurometabolic disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the enzyme glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). We performed an extensive literature search to collect data on GA1 patients, together with unpublished cases, to provide an up‐to‐date genetic landscape of GCDH pathogenic variants and to investigate potential genotype‐phenotype correlation, as this is still poorly understood. From this search, 421 different GCDH pathogenic variants have been identified, including four novel variants; c.179T>C (p.Leu60Pro), c.214C>T (p.Arg72Cys), c.309G>C (p.Leu103Phe), and c.665T>C (p.Phe222Ser).The variants are mostly distributed across the entire gene; although variant frequency in GA1 patients is relatively high in the regions encoding for active domains of GCDH. To investigate potential genotype‐phenotype correlations, phenotypic descriptions of 532 patients have been combined and evaluated using novel combinatorial analyses. To do so, various clinical phenotypes were determined for each pathogenic variant by combining the information of all GA1 patients reported with this pathogenic variant, and subsequently mapped onto the 2D and 3D GCDH protein structure. In addition, the predicted pathogenicity of missense variants was analyzed using different in silico prediction score models. Both analyses showed an almost similar distribution of the highly pathogenic variants across the GCDH protein, although some hotspots, including the active domain, were observed. Moreover, it was demonstrated that highly pathogenic variants are significantly correlated with lower residual enzyme activity and the most accurate estimation was achieved by the REVEL score. A clear correlation of the genotype and the clinical phenotype however is still lacking.
Assessing and comparing the subseasonal variations of summer soil moisture of satellite products over eastern China
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chen Haishan , Sun Shanlei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing the 43‐station soil moisture (SM) at a depth of 0–10 cm over eastern China, the near‐surface (about 0–5 cm) SM products from satellite missions including the level‐2 product of Chinese FengYun 3C (FY3C), level‐2 neural network product of the European Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and level‐4 product of the US Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) were evaluated and compared during summers of 2015–2018. Thus, features of those products can be identified for their further application of climate study over eastern China. Large diversity is found among the satellite and field SM in terms of spatial distribution. This disagreement may cause the poor performance of the relationship between spatial coefficients of variation (CV) and mean SM. Compared with the field SM, the FY3C SM has smaller bias than the other satellite products. FY3C also performs better than SMOS in terms of the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE) but has the smallest correlation coefficient (R). The SMAP product is generally the best among the three products in terms of RMSE, ubRMSE and R. However, a good performance in those metrics does not guarantee the same results on various time scales. On subseasonal time scales, the R in FY3C is the smallest among the three products, and the SMAP product has the largest R, but its amplitudes of the subseasonal variations are much smaller than the field observations. This indicates that when the SMAP products are applied for the analysis on subseasonal SM–atmosphere interactions, the effects of SM may be underestimated. On 10–30 days and above 60 days, dry period tends to have large spatial CV but this phenomenon is weak in all the satellite products. On the other hand, dry area tends to have large temporal CV on the four time scales, and this relationship is the strongest in SMAP but the weakest in FY3C. Therefore, there are large uncertainties of variability among different satellite SM products on subseasonal time scales over eastern China. Besides seasonal and overall performance, more attention is called to the variations on different time scales.
Effect of dehulling, roasting, and cooking on the nutritional composition of Himalayan barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)
Authors: Rana Smita , Agnihotri Vasudha , Anjum Sofiya , Bhandari Narendra S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Himalayan Echinochloa frumentacea (barnyard millet) is believed to be a nutritionally rich crop but remains underutilized. It is generally used after removing its seed coat (SC) through dehulling, and for making some food items, it is roasted before cooking. Such pre‐cooking processes, such as dehulling, roasting, and then cooking affect the nutraceutical potential of raw grains and food items prepared.ResultsThe effects of processing techniques are determined in terms of variation in proximate properties, antinutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. The processing methods significantly (p < 0.05) affected the nutraceutical potential of the processed form of barnyard millet. While comparing the nutritional properties of raw and dehulled barnyard millet, it was found that the SCs are nutritionally very rich, which are generally either discarded or become part of cattle feed. Vitamin C, E, alkaloids, and oxalate content were found to decrease after roasting. Cooking had decreased the carbohydrate, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, alkaloid, oxalate, and iron content in both food types in comparison to the pre‐cooking stage of the millet samples, while tannin content was found to have increased.ConclusionIn this work, the variation in the nutritional parameters and phytochemicals of barnyard millet was studied during the processing steps, such as dehulling, roasting, and cooking. Roasting had shown a lesser impact on the selected nutritional properties of uncoated seeds, while cooking had changed some of the nutritional properties. The SC was also found to be nutritious, so it needs to be explored further for its efficient utilization.
Exploration of molecular interaction between different plant proteins and 2‐pentylfuran: based on multiple spectroscopy and molecular docking
Authors: Zhang Bin , Peng Jing , Pan Leiqing , Tu Kang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoy protein, peanut protein and wheat protein are commonly applied in plant‐based products, but specific off‐odor makes it difficult for consumers to accept, with 2‐pentylfuran being one of the most representative flavors. In this study, 2‐pentylfuran was employed as an example to explore the behavior and mechanism of the three proteins in absorbing off‐odors.RESULTSGas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis indicated that different plant proteins were able to adsorb 2‐pentylfuran. Circular dichroism proved 2‐pentylfuran could drive the α‐helix to β‐sheet transition of soy protein, which was not obvious in peanut protein or wheat protein. Ultraviolet spectroscopy tentatively determined that 2‐pentylfuran caused changes in the tyrosine and tryptophan microenvironments of different plant proteins, which were further evidenced by synchronous fluorescence at fixed wavelength intervals of 15 nm and 60 nm. Static quenching of protein intrinsic fluorescence indicated that they formed a stable complex with 2‐pentylfuran, except for wheat protein (dynamic quenching).CONCLUSIONThe various conformations of the three proteins are the main reason for the difference in flavor retention of protein. Soy protein, peanut protein and wheat protein adsorbing 2‐pentylfuran relies on non‐covalent forces, especially hydrophobic interactions, maintained between the protein and 2‐pentylfuran. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Distinct drivers of two size fractions of operationally dissolved iron in a temperate river
Authors: Logozzo Laura A. , Hosen Jacob D. , McArthur Johnae , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRiverine dissolved iron (Fe) affects water color, nutrients, and marine carbon cycling. Fe size and coupling with dissolved organic matter (DOM), in part, modulates the biogeochemical roles of riverine Fe. We used size fractionation to operationally define dissolved Fe (< 0.22 μm) into soluble (< 0.02 μm) and colloidal (0.02–0.22 μm) fractions in order to characterize the downstream drivers, concentrations, and fluxes of Fe across season and hydrologic regime at the freshwater Connecticut River mainstem, which we sampled bi‐weekly for 2 yrs. Drivers of colloidal and soluble Fe concentrations were markedly different. The response of colloidal Fe concentration to changes in discharge was modulated by water temperature; colloidal Fe decreased with increasing discharge at temperatures < 10.5°C, but increased with increasing discharge at temperatures > 10.5°C. Conversely, soluble Fe concentrations were only positively correlated to discharge at high temperatures (> 20°C). Soluble Fe was strongly positively correlated to a humic‐like DOM fluorescence component, suggesting coupling with DOM subsets, potentially through complexation. While average colloidal Fe fluxes varied twofold seasonally, soluble Fe fluxes varied ninefold; therefore, soluble Fe variability was more important to the overall dissolved Fe variability than colloidal Fe, despite lower concentrations. Seasonal Fe fluxes were decoupled from discharge: dissolved and soluble Fe fluxes were greatest in the fall, whereas discharge was greatest in the spring. Fluxes of soluble Fe, which may be more bioavailable and more likely to be exported to the ocean, were lowest in the summer when downstream biological demand is high, having implications for primary productivity and iron uptake.
Horizontal and vertical demand forecast information sharing in a distributive dual‐channel supply chain considering the manufacturer's product quality improvement
Authors: Dou Lei , Dai Ying , Song Han , Shen Lina , Li Haiyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnder the influence of market demand uncertainty, we discuss the issue of horizontal and vertical demand forecast information‐sharing in a distributive dual‐channel supply chain composed of a manufacturer, a traditional retailer and an online retailer in which both retailers obtain heterogeneous demand information through big data technology. We analyze vertical information‐sharing strategies in the condition that the manufacturer invests in product quality improvement under different horizontal information‐sharing scenarios. We also explore the value of horizontal information‐sharing across different channels through contrastive analysis. And the equilibrium information‐sharing states in different scenarios are conducted.
A TNR Frameshift Variant in Weimaraner Dogs with an Exercise‐Induced Paroxysmal Movement Disorder
Authors: Christen Matthias , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , James Matthew , Faller Kiterie M.E. , Lowrie Mark , Rusbridge Clare , Bossens Kenny , Mellersh Cathryn , Pettitt Louise , Heinonen Tiina , Lohi Hannes , Jagannathan Vidhya , Leeb Tosso 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome paroxysmal movement disorders remain without an identified genetic cause.ObjectivesThe aim was to identify the causal genetic variant for a paroxysmal dystonia–ataxia syndrome in Weimaraner dogs.MethodsClinical and diagnostic investigations were performed. Whole genome sequencing of one affected dog was used to identify private homozygous variants against 921 control genomes.ResultsFour Weimaraners were presented for episodes of abnormal gait. Results of examinations and diagnostic investigations were unremarkable. Whole genome sequencing revealed a private frameshift variant in the TNR (tenascin‐R) gene in an affected dog, XM_038542431.1:c.831dupC, which is predicted to truncate more than 75% of the open read frame. Genotypes in a cohort of 4 affected and 70 unaffected Weimaraners showed perfect association with the disease phenotype.ConclusionsWe report the association of a TNR variant with a paroxysmal dystonia–ataxia syndrome in Weimaraners. It might be relevant to include sequencing of this gene in diagnosing humans with unexplained paroxysmal movement disorders. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Data driven surrogate modeling of horn antennas for optimal determination of radiation pattern and size using deep learning
Authors: Piltan Onur Can , Kizilay Ahmet , Belen Mehmet A. , Mahouti Peyman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHorn antenna designs are favored in many applications where ultra‐wide‐band operation range alongside of a high‐performance radiation pattern characteristics are requested. Scattering‐parameter characteristics of antennas is an important design metric, where inefficiency in the input would drastically lower the realized gain. However, satisfying the requirement for scattering parameters are not enough for having an antenna with high‐performance results, where the radiation characteristic of the design can be changed independently than the scattering parameters behavior. A design might have a high‐efficiency performance, but the radiation characteristics might not be acceptable. Furthermore, there are other design considerations such as size and volume of the design alongside of these conflicting characteristics, which directly affect the manufacturing cost and limits the possible applications. In this work, by using data‐driven surrogate modeling, it is aimed to achieve a computationally efficient design optimization process for horn antennas with high radiation performance alongside of being small in or within the limits of the desired application limits. Here, the geometrical design variables, operation frequency, and radiation direction of the design will be taken as the input, while the realized gain of the design is taken as the output of the surrogate model. Series of powerful and commonly used artificial intelligence algorithms, including Deep Learning had been used to create a data‐driven surrogate model representation for the handled problem, and 80% computational cost reduction had been obtained via proposed approach. As for the verification of the studied optimization problem, an optimally designed antenna is prototyped via the use of three‐dimensional printer and the experimental results ware compared with the results of surrogate model.
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance performance evaluation according to ASTM E691–22 on a population of instruments: Molar substitution determination in hydroxypropyl betadex as a case study for use in quality control environments
Authors: Araneda Juan F. , Leclerc Matthew C. , Riegel Susanne D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe inclusion of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy in industry has historically been stifled by a lack of accessibility, caused in‐part by the large costs of traditional high‐field spectrometers, the maintenance required for these, and the expertise necessary to manage and use them. In recent years, the emergence of benchtop NMR technology, an accessible, affordable, and automatable alternative, has led to a more feasible incorporation of NMR into quality control spaces, an area traditionally reserved for other techniques such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, which are routinely combined with detection techniques such as mass spectrometry. While these techniques are commonly used in analyzer‐type applications using gold standard methods of analysis, wherein an instrument is dedicated to performing specific assays, this remains uncommon for NMR. Herein, we perform a full method verification using benchtop qNMR on a population of benchtop NMR instruments according to the ASTM designation E691–22, a standard used to determine the precision of a test method. To our knowledge, this is the first published example of this type of study for benchtop NMR spectroscopy. For this work, a total of five analysts performed assays on 23 different benchtop NMR instruments for the analysis of hydroxypropyl betadex according to the USP–NF method, and the results are compared using a variety of statistical methods. The results of this work demonstrate that benchtop NMR technology is effective and robust under repeatability and reproducibility conditions and is a powerful tool for these types of routine quality control analyses.