bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorinated‐Quinoxaline Based Non‐Fused Electron Acceptors Enables Efficient As‐Cast Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Dandan , Xu Yan , Li Gang , Zhao Wenrong , Da Lin , Zhou Ping , Tang Bo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNon‐fused electron acceptors have obtained increasing curiosity in organic solar cells (OSCs) thanks to simple synthetic route and versatile chemical modification capabilities. However, non‐fused acceptors with varying quinoxaline core and as‐cast device have rarely been explored, and the molecular structure‐photovoltaic performance relationship of such acceptors remains unclear. Herein, two non‐fused acceptors L19 and L21 with thienyl substituted non‐fluorinated/fluorinated quinoxaline core were developed via five‐step synthesis. Compared with L19, L21 with F‐containing quinoxaline exhibited higher molar extinction coefficient, boosted charge mobility, improved exciton dissociation, more ordered molecular stacking and optimized film morphology. Thereafter, a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.45 % could be obtained for the as‐cast PBDB‐T : L21 ‐based device, which is significantly better than the device based on PBDB‐T : L19 (8.68 %). Furthermore, PM6 : Y6 : L21‐based ternary devices were fabricated and exhibited the highest PCE of 17.81 %. This work discloses that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing fluorinated quinoxaline core and appropriate side‐chain engineering can play an important role in improving the performance of as‐cast solar cell devices.
Bioequivalence Study of 2 Formulations of Fluticasone Nasal Spray in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Zejuan , Liu Xiaona , Du Aihua , Li Min , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Dan , Wang Xiaolin , Li Xueyan , Cong Wei , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety, and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of fluticasone nasal spray in healthy Chinese subjects. A single‐center, randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐formulation, 2‐sequence, 2‐period crossover bioequivalence study was conducted under fasting conditions. A total of 120 healthy male and female subjects were enrolled, of which 119 subjects completed the entire study. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug, fluticasone propionate (FP), in plasma were as follows: For the test formulation, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 10.3 pg/mL, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t) was 65.6 pg•h/mL, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) was 86.4 pg•h/mL. For the reference formulation: Cmax was 8.80 pg/mL, AUC0‐t was 58.2 pg•h/mL, and AUC0‐∞ was 75.2 pg•h/mL. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric means for AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞, and Cmax between the 2 formulations were 105%‐120%, 103%‐120%, and 112%‐124%, respectively. The results show that the test and reference formulations were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported. According to the criteria for bioequivalence, the FP nasal spray (test formulation) is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
Enhanced Sliding Mode Speed Control of PMSM With Real‐Time Disturbance Estimation
Authors: Wu Jingxiu , Zhao Yong , Kong Yong , Liu Qiang , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNonlinear characteristics and lumped disturbances are inherent in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, which can reduce control precision and impact system stability. To overcome these challenges, an enhanced sliding mode control (ESMC) with real‐time disturbance estimation is proposed in this paper. First, to guarantee finite‐time stability and rapid convergence, a full‐order composite sliding mode (FOCSM) manifold is designed. The ESMC framework integrates a smooth transition function to minimize chattering. Next, to strengthen the ability against disturbances, an adaptive sliding mode disturbance observer (ASMDOB) is developed. Finally, the proposed method is proven effective through simulations and experimental results, which reveal its capability for rapid convergence and robust performance in PMSM speed control.
The Monolingual Campus and the Bilingual Campus: Ideological Debates on the Management of Language Diversity at Two Dutch Universities
Authors: Swanenberg Jos , Spotti Massimiliano 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRooted in a neo‐liberal market approach that associates a monetary value to graduate students' numbers, since 2010 Dutch universities have had to adapt, adopt and implement language policy measures making them go global, based on the motto ‘the more international, the better’. Dutch higher education institutions, students and employees have then found themselves projected either in mandatory bilingual environments (Dutch English) or monolingual environments (English only). With the above backdrop in mind, our study first examines the discourse practices contained in language diversity policies that have been issued, authored and authorized by two universities, a technical one and a non‐technical one both located in the North Brabant region. From there, we explore the discourse practices issued against anglicisation of higher education championed by institutional bodies to safeguard the status of Dutch language as opposed to those voices from sociolinguistics who stand in favour of multilingualism. The discourse analysis of the recent political, mediatic and public debates about English‐Dutch bilingualism or English‐only monolingualism in higher education has led to a tumultuous language policing U‐turn. Such a turn has culminated with two measures: (1) consisting of reinstating the Dutch language as the language of higher education asking and (2) having universities to justify why an English language‐based educational pathway should be kept in place. Contrary to common rhetoric that portrays the Netherlands as a tolerant Country toward any form of diversity, the examined discourses issued at the governmental level seem to favour a Dutch‐only language approach, that while legitimate, results based on Herderian notions of: national belonging, safeguarding the indigenous student population while stressing the need to integrate the foreign ‘other’ through learning Dutch either before arrival or during their higher education pathway.
Weight Stigma's Effects on Misdiagnosis of Eating Disorders Among Laypeople and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Garcia Moreno Natalia , Walker D. Catherine , Gullo Nathalie , O'Dea Conor J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is limited research on weight bias in diagnosing eating disorders (EDs), particularly among healthcare professionals (HCPs). This is especially true for atypical anorexia nervosa, a diagnosis recently described in the DSM that includes people with anorexia nervosa symptoms who are not clinically underweight.MethodUsing a within‐subjects design, we assessed diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, and ED‐related medical knowledge among a sample of lay people and medical professionals. Participants read three clinical vignettes (counterbalanced to avoid order effects) of a woman with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa (described as obese) and were assessed on weight stigma and prior ED medical knowledge.ResultsBoth lay people and HCPs were less likely to diagnose atypical anorexia nervosa and were less confident in that diagnosis than in the anorexia nervosa vignette condition. Lay participants' diagnostic bias, but not HCPs', was impacted by weight stigma; HCPs' confidence was impacted by weight stigma. In both cases, participants high in weight stigma were more accurate (lay sample) or more confident (HCPs) in diagnoses. Last, greater ED medical knowledge improved accuracy of diagnosis of vignette cases for the HCP sample that included snowball sample recruitment and CloudResearch participants and lay people, but not for the HCP sample recruited via snowball sampling only.DiscussionThese findings highlight the urgency for more public awareness and training for HCPs emphasizing that people of all sizes can present with restrictive eating disorders.
Explaining the divergence of population trajectories for two interacting waterfowl species
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Arnold Todd W. , Buderman Frances E. , Koons David N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIdentifying the specific environmental features and associated density‐dependent processes that limit population growth is central to both ecology and conservation. Comparative assessments of sympatric species allow for inference about how ecologically similar species differentially respond to their shared environment, which can be used to inform community‐level conservation strategies. Comparative assessments can nevertheless be complicated by interactions and feedback loops among the species in question. We developed an integrated population model based on 61 years of ecological data describing the demographic histories of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and Redheads (Aythya americana), two species of migratory diving ducks that utilize similar breeding habitats and affect each other's demography through interspecific nest parasitism. We combined this model with a transient life table response experiment to determine the extent that demographic rates, and their contributions to population growth, were similar between these two species. We found that demographic rates and, to a lesser extent, their contributions to population growth covaried between Canvasbacks and Redheads, but the trajectories of population abundances widely diverged between the two species during the end of the twentieth century due to inherent differences between the species life histories and sensitivities to both environmental variation and harvest pressure. We found that annual survival of both species increased during years of restrictive harvest regulations; however, recent harvest pressure on female Canvasbacks may be contributing to population declines. Despite periodic, and often dramatic, increases in breeding abundance during wet years, the number of breeding Canvasbacks declined by 13% whereas the number of breeding Redheads has increased by 37% since 1961. Reductions in harvest pressure and improvements in submerged aquatic vegetation throughout the wintering grounds have mediated the extent to which populations of both species contracted during dry years in the Prairie Pothole Region. However, continued degradation of breeding habitats through climate‐related shifts in wetland hydrology and agricultural conversion of surrounding grassland habitats may have exceeded the capacity for demographic compensation during the nonbreeding season.
Extending Equivalent Circuit Models for State of Charge and Lifetime Estimation
Authors: Jin Limei , Bereck Franz Philipp , Granwehr Josef , Scheurer Christoph 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEquivalent circuit modelling (ECM) of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data is a common technique to describe the state‐dependent response of electrochemical systems such as batteries or fuel cells. To use EIS for predictive assessments of the future behaviour of such a system or its state of health (SOH), a more elaborate digital twin model is needed. Developing a robust and continuous SOH estimation poses a formidable challenge. In this study, a framework is presented where ECM parameters are expanded in a high‐dimensional Chebyshev space. It facilitates not only a mapping of the state of charge dependence with robust boundary conditions but also an extension towards a more abstract SOH description is possible. Such methods can bridge the gap between the experiment and purely data‐driven techniques that do not rely on fitting of experimental data using a priori defined models. In the absence of long‐time impedance measurements of a battery, quasi‐Monte Carlo sampling can be employed to generate differently aged synthetic battery models with limited experimental impedance data. As additional data becomes available, the space spanning the possible states of a battery can be gradually refined. The developed framework, therefore, allows for the training of big data models starting with very little experimental information and assuming random fluctuations of the model parameters consistent with available data.
Pareto Optimization of the Integration of Renewables for the Supply of Battery‐Electric and Hydrogen‐Electric Multiple Units at a Single Site
Authors: Arens Stefan , Windt Alexander , Streuling Christoph , Hanke Benedikt 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBattery‐ and hydrogen‐powered trains are emerging technologies that have the potential to play a key role in the decarbonization of railway lines for which full trackside electrification is not feasible. In this study, we examine Pareto‐optimal energy supply concepts for a specific location along the Cologne–Gerolstein railway line. We investigate two supply concepts, one for battery trains making use of overhead line islands (OHLIs), referred to as the OHLI supply concept, and another for hydrogen trains that make use of hydrogen refueling station (HRSs), referred to as the HRS supply concept. The public grid, as well as renewable energy sources such as wind and PV energy, are considered sources of electrical energy supply. The sizing of these takes into account storage technologies and load time series specific to each supply concept. Simulation models are defined to evaluate the characteristics of an OHLI and HRS supply concept located in a small town (Gerolstein, Germany). Our findings indicate that the HRS supply concept results in more than twice the cost per MWh (111%/MWh higher) compared to the OHLI supply concept. However, the HRS supply concept achieves a 24.7% higher degree of self‐sufficiency. Furthermore, the HRS supply concept requires a larger energy system in terms of installed renewable power and storage capacity. This enables the HRS to supply the entire line with energy, whereas the OHLI supply concept covers only a share of the overall energy demand of battery trains at the location under consideration. The remaining energy demand is covered by existing overhead lines or OHLI at another location.
Machine Learning for Predicting Thermal Runaway in Lithium‐Ion Batteries With External Heat and Force
Authors: Örs Enes Furkan , Javani Nader 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe current study aims to predict the thermal runaway in lithium‐ion batteries using five artificial intelligence algorithms, considering the environmental factors and various design parameters. Multiple linear regression, k‐nearest neighbors, decision tree, and random forest are used as machine learning algorithms, while artificial neural networks are used as deep learning algorithms. Nineteen experimental datasets are used to train the models. First, Pearson's correlation matrix is used to investigate the effects of input parameters on the thermal runaway onset time. The dataset is then updated to include only tests with thermal runaway produced by an external heat source. As a result of comparison among model performance prediction, it is determined that the decision tree model is the best‐performing model with a coefficient of determination (R2) score of 0.9881, followed by random forest, k‐nearest neighbors, artificial neural networks, and multiple linear regression models. The dataset is modified when the thermal runaway is triggered by external heating and compression forces. Results show that in this case, the performance of the decision tree model has an R2 of 0.9742. Finally, the force range in which the model has the best performance is predicted, which is helpful in conducting tests to obtain reliable results.
Patterns of Cerebellar–Cortical Structural Covariance Mirror Anatomical Connectivity of Sensorimotor and Cognitive Networks
Authors: Alasmar Zaki , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Penhune Virginia B. , Steele Christopher J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe cortex and cerebellum are densely connected through reciprocal input/output projections that form segregated circuits. These circuits are shown to differentially connect anterior lobules of the cerebellum to sensorimotor regions, and lobules Crus I and II to prefrontal regions. This differential connectivity pattern leads to the hypothesis that individual differences in structure should be related, especially for connected regions. To test this hypothesis, we examined covariation between the volumes of anterior sensorimotor and lateral cognitive lobules of the cerebellum and measures of cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) across the whole brain in a sample of 270 young adults drawn from the HCP dataset. We observed that patterns of cerebellar–cortical covariance differed between sensorimotor and cognitive networks. Anterior motor lobules of the cerebellum showed greater covariance with sensorimotor regions of the cortex, while lobules Crus I and Crus II showed greater covariance with frontal and temporal regions. Interestingly, cerebellar volume showed predominantly negative relationships with CT and predominantly positive relationships with SA. Individual differences in SA are thought to be largely under genetic control while CT is thought to be more malleable by experience. This suggests that cerebellar–cortical covariation for SA may be a more stable feature, whereas covariation for CT may be more affected by development. Additionally, similarity metrics revealed that the pattern of covariance showed a gradual transition between sensorimotor and cognitive lobules, consistent with evidence of functional gradients within the cerebellum. Taken together, these findings are consistent with known patterns of structural and functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cortex. They also shed new light on possibly differing relationships between cerebellar volume and cortical thickness and surface area. Finally, our findings are consistent with the interactive specialization framework which proposes that structurally and functionally connected brain regions develop in concert.
Altered Connectome Topology in Newborns at Risk for Cognitive Developmental Delay: A Cross‐Etiologic Study
Authors: Speckert Anna , Payette Kelly , Knirsch Walter , von Rhein Michael , Grehten Patrice , Kottke Raimund , Hagmann Cornelia , Natalucci Giancarlo , Moehrlen Ueli , Mazzone Luca , Ochsenbein‐Kölble Nicole , Padden Beth ,   SPINA BIFIDA STUDY GROUP ZURICH, Latal Beatrice , Jakab Andras 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe human brain connectome is characterized by the duality of highly modular structure and efficient integration, supporting information processing. Newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD), prematurity, or spina bifida aperta (SBA) constitute a population at risk for altered brain development and developmental delay (DD). We hypothesize that, independent of etiology, alterations of connectomic organization reflect neural circuitry impairments in cognitive DD. Our study aim is to address this knowledge gap by using a multi‐etiologic neonatal dataset to reveal potential commonalities and distinctions in the structural brain connectome and their associations with DD. We used diffusion tensor imaging of 187 newborns (42 controls, 51 with CHD, 51 with prematurity, and 43 with SBA). Structural weighted connectomes were constructed using constrained spherical deconvolution‐based probabilistic tractography and the Edinburgh Neonatal Atlas. Assessment of brain network topology encompassed the analysis of global graph features, network‐based statistics, and low‐dimensional representation of global and local graph features. The Cognitive Composite Score of the Bayley scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition was used as outcome measure at corrected 2 years for the preterm born individuals and SBA patients, and at 1 year for the healthy controls and CHD. We detected differences in the connectomic structure of newborns across the four groups after visualizing the connectomes in a two‐dimensional space defined by network integration and segregation. Further, analysis of covariance analyses revealed differences in global efficiency (p < 0.0001), modularity (p < 0.0001), mean rich club coefficient (p = 0.017), and small‐worldness (p = 0.016) between groups after adjustment for postmenstrual age at scan and gestational age at birth. Moreover, small‐worldness was significantly associated with poorer cognitive outcome, specifically in the CHD cohort (r = −0.41, p = 0.005). Our cross‐etiologic study identified divergent structural brain connectome profiles linked to deviations from optimal network integration and segregation in newborns at risk for DD. Small‐worldness emerges as a key feature, associating with early cognitive outcomes, especially within the CHD cohort, emphasizing small‐worldness' crucial role in shaping neurodevelopmental trajectories. Neonatal connectomic alterations associated with DD may serve as a marker identifying newborns at‐risk for DD and provide early therapeutic interventions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 00313946
Renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Nakamura Yo , Kamei Jun , Tanaka Ryo , Yasunaga Yoichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Taguchi Satoru , Kakutani Shigenori , Yamada Yuta , Niimi Aya , Yamada Daisuke , Kume Haruki 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionWe report a case of renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a liver transplant recipient.Case presentationA 66‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and considered to be in complete remission for 7 years underwent living donor liver transplantation. A residual tumor was found in the removed native liver. Computed tomography at 13 months after transplantation revealed a 24‐mm hypervascular tumor with arterial phase enhancement, venous phase washout in the right kidney, and increasing hepatocellular carcinoma tumor markers. Partial nephrectomy was performed and the renal tumor was diagnosed as renal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor marker levels decreased temporarily, but pulmonary metastasis and pleural dissemination subsequently appeared.ConclusionRenal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered when renal tumors are detected in liver transplant recipients because the risks of tumor recurrence and metastasis are increased.
Unequal Effects of the Lockdown on Mental Health in Shanghai: The Moderating and Mediating Role of Neighborhood Environment and Online Social Connections
Authors: Pei Yaolin , Qi Xiang , Li Gen , Tang Weiming , Huang Kangning , Hall Brian J. , Wu Bei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic profoundly impacted population mental health worldwide. Few studies examined how the neighborhood environment and online social connections might influence the social gradient in mental health during the pandemic lockdown. We aim to examine the moderating and mediating role of neighborhood environment and online social connections in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes. We conducted a cross‐sectional online survey of 3763 Shanghai residents during the COVID‐19 lockdown between April 29 and June 1, 2022. Employing OLS linear regression analyses, our findings reveal that SES was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.173, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.147, p < 0.001). The findings supported our hypotheses that this disparity in mental health was partially mediated by neighborhood social capital, community management, and the extent of online social connections measured by the frequency of social connection through the social media WeChat (all p < 0.05). Additionally, neighborhood social capital, community management, and online social connections also mitigated SES‐driven mental health inequalities (all p < 0.05). The study underscores the significance of the neighborhood environment and online social interactions in amplifying SES‐related mental health effects, offering valuable insights for urban planning and health equity strategies.