bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising personal, household, and community PM2.5 exposure in one urban and two rural communities in China
Authors: Chan Ka Hung , Xia Xi , Liu Cong , Kan Haidong , Doherty Aiden , Yim Steve Hung Lam , Wright Neil , Kartsonaki Christiana , Yang Xiaoming , Stevens Rebecca , Chang Xiaoyu , Sun Dianjianyi , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Li Liming , Ho Kin-Fai , Lam Kin Bong Hubert , Chen Zhengming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:Cooking and heating in households contribute importantly to air pollution exposure worldwide. However, there is insufficient investigation of measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure levels, variability, seasonality, and inter-spatial dynamics associated with these behaviours.Methods:We undertook parallel measurements of personal, household (kitchen and living room), and community PM2.5in summer (May-September 2017) and winter (November 2017-Janauary 2018) in ∼480 participants from one urban and two rural communities in China. These recorded ∼61,000-81,000 person-hours of processed data per microenvironment. Age- and sex-adjusted geometric means of PM2.5were calculated by key participant characteristics, overall and by season. Spearman correlation coefficients between PM2.5levels across different microenvironments were computed.Findings:Overall, 25.1% reported use of solid fuel for both cooking and heating. Solid fuel users had ∼90% higher personal and kitchen 24-hour average PM2.5exposure than clean fuel users. Similarly, they also had a greater increase (∼75% vs ∼20%) in personal and household PM2.5from summer to winter, whereas community levels of PM2.5were 2-3 times higher in winter regardless of fuel use. Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had markedly higher weighted annual average PM2.5exposure at personal (77.8 [95% CI 71.1-85.2] vs ∼40 µg/m3), kitchen (103.7 [91.5-117.6] vs ∼50 µg/m3) and living room (62.0 [57.1-67.4] vs ∼40 µg/m3) microenvironments. There was a remarkable diurnal variability in PM2.5exposure among the participants, with 5-minute moving average 700-1,200µg/m3in typical meal times. Personal PM2.5was moderately correlated with living room (Spearman r: 0.64-0.66) and kitchen (0.52-0.59) levels, but only weakly correlated with community levels, especially in summer (0.15-0.34) and among solid fuel users (0.11-0.31).Conclusion:Solid fuel use for cooking and heating was associated with substantially higher personal and household PM2.5exposure than clean fuel users. Household PM2.5appeared a better proxy of personal exposure than community PM2.5in this setting.
An end-to-end platform for digital pathology using hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy and deep learning based virtual histology
Authors: McNeil Carson , Wong Pok Fai , Sridhar Niranjan , Wang Yang , Santori Charles , Wu Cheng-Hsun , Homyk Andrew , Gutierrez Michael , Behrooz Ali , Tiniakos Dina , Burt Alastair , Pai Rish K. , Tekiela Kamilla , Chen Po-Hsuan Cameron , Fischer Laurent , Martins Eduardo Bruno , Seyedkazemi Star , Freedman Daniel , Kim Charles C. , Cimermancic Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConventional histopathology involves expensive and labor intensive processes that often consume tissue samples, rendering them unavailable for other analysis. We present a novel end-to-end workflow for pathology powered by hyperspectral microscopy and deep learning. First, we developed a custom hyperspectral microscope to non-destructively image the autofluorescence of unstained tissue sections. We then train a deep learning model to use the autofluorescence to generate virtual histological stains, which avoids the cost and variability of chemical staining procedures and conserves tissue samples. We showed that the virtual images reproduce the histological features present in the real stained images using a randomized nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring comparison study where both real and virtual stains are scored by pathologists. The test showed moderate to good concordance between pathologists’ scoring on corresponding real and virtual stains. Finally, we developed deep learning-based models for automated NASH clinical research network (NASH CRN) score prediction. We showed that the end-to-end automated pathology platform is comparable to pathologists for NASH CRN scoring when evaluated against the expert pathologist consensus scores. This study provides proof of concept for this virtual staining strategy, which could improve cost, efficiency, and reliability in pathology, and enable novel approaches to spatial biology research.
PREVALENCE OF POST STROKE DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR
Authors: Hussain Sayed Sajid , Ullah Zaib , Bacha Mahmood , Khalil Sheikh Usman 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONStroke is a life-threatening medical condition that can result in lifelong brain damage, complications, and death. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide and could soon overtake as the biggest cause of death globally. This can be produced by ischemia from a thrombosis or embolism, or a hemorrhage. As a result, the brain’s damaged area is unable to operate, causing one or more limbs on one side of the body to become immobile, inability to recognize or produce speech, or seeing only one side of the visual field.OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCHTo determine the prevalence of Post Stroke Depression and anxiety among stroke patients admitted in Khyber teaching hospital PeshawarMETHODOLOGYA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of PSD and anxiety among stroke patients admitted at Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar. Data was collected through a questionnaire named HADs scale from participants. The sample size calculated for the research study was 109. The convenience sampling technique was used in the current study.RESULTSThe findings of the study provide a baseline of information about the prevalence of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) and anxiety among stroke patients admitted in Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar. The prevalence of depression was 86(63.3%) and anxiety was 91(83.5%).CONCLUSIONIn current study we had concluded a high prevalence of post stroke depression and anxiety ranging from 65-74 years of age in Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar. So, we concluded that females suffering from stroke have more chances of post stroke depression.
An initial validation study of DigiBel, a web-application enabling self-assessment of air and bone-conduction audiometry in the community
Authors: Sienko Anna , Thirunavukarasu Arun J , Kuzmich Tanya , Allen Louise E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract80% of primary school children suffer from glue ear which may impair hearing at a critical time for speech acquisition and social development. An online application, DigiBel, has been developed primarily to identify individuals with conductive hearing impairment who may benefit from temporary use of bone-conduction (BC) assistive technology in the community. This preliminary study aims to determine the screening accuracy and usability of DigiBel self-assessed air-conduction (AC) pure tone audiometry (PTA) in adult volunteers with simulated hearing impairment prior to formal clinical validation.Healthy adults, each with one ear plugged, underwent standard automated AC PTA (reference test) and DigiBel audiometry in quiet community settings. Threshold measurements were compared across six tone frequencies and DigiBel test-retest reliability was calculated. The accuracy of DigiBel for detecting more than 20 decibels of hearing impairment was assessed.30 adults (30 unplugged ears and 30 plugged ears) completed both audiometry tests. DigiBel had 100% sensitivity (95%CI 87.23-100) and 72.73% (95%CI 54.48-86.70) specificity in detecting hearing impairment. Threshold mean bias was insignificant except at 4000 and 8000Hz where a small but significant over-estimation of threshold measurement was identified. All 24 subjects completing feedback rated the DigiBel test good or excellent and 21(87.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that they would be able to do the test at home without help.This study supports the potential use of DigiBel as a screening tool for hearing impairment. The findings will be used to improve the software further and undertake a formal clinical trial of AC and BC audiometry in individuals with suspected conductive hearing impairment.Author SummaryHearing loss is a major global health issue. It can affect many aspects of life such as education, employment, communication, and result in social isolation. Two thirds of people with severe hearing loss live in low and middle countries with poor access both to hearing testing (audiometry) or conventional hearing aids.Several software applications (apps) like DigiBel, studied here, have been developed to enable individuals to test their own hearing in the community. Uniquely, DigiBel has the additional potential to identify individuals with hearing loss who could derive immediate hearing support from an affordable and rechargeable bone-conduction headphone / microphone kit while waiting specialist care.This initial study of DigiBel provides confirmation that the app is easy to use and accurate at detecting simulated hearing impairment. It lays the groundwork for future clinical studies to assess DigiBel’s performance in children and adults with hearing impairment.
The Phenotypic Spectrum ofCOL4A3Heterozygotes
Authors: Solanki Kaushal V. , Hu Yirui , Moore Bryn S. , Abedi Vida , Avula Venkatesh , Mirshahi Tooraj ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Strande Natasha T. , Bucaloiu Ion D. , Chang Alexander R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost data on Alport Syndrome (AS) due to COL4A3 are limited to families with autosomal recessive AS or severe manifestations such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Using data from 174,418 participants in the Geisinger MyCode/DiscovEHR study, an unselected health system-based cohort with whole exome sequencing, we identified 403 participants (0.2%) who were heterozygous for likely pathogenic COL4A3 variants. Phenotypic data was evaluated using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, laboratory data, and chart review. To evaluate the phenotypic spectrum of genetically-determined autosomal dominant AS, we matched COL4A3 heterozygotes 1:5 to non-heterozygotes using propensity scores by demographics, hypertension, diabetes, and nephrolithiasis. COL4A3 heterozygotes were at significantly increased risks of hematuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (p<0.05 for all comparisons) but not bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (p=0.9). Phenotypic severity tended to be more severe among patients with glycine missense variants located within the collagenous domain. For example, patients with Gly695Arg (n=161) had markedly increased risk of dipstick hematuria (OR 9.47, 95% CI: 6.30, 14.22) and ESKD diagnosis (OR 7.01, 95% CI: 3.48, 14.12) whereas those with PTVs (n=119) had moderately increased risks of dipstick hematuria (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.58) and ESKD diagnosis (OR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.28, 9.19). Less than a third of patients had albuminuria screening completed, and fewer than 1/3 were taking inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAASi). Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of earlier diagnosis, appropriate evaluation, and treatment of ADAS.Significance StatementAlport Syndrome (AS) is the second most common genetic cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), yet little is known about the penetrance and phenotypic spectrum of genetically-determined Autosomal Dominant AS. Using an unselected health system-based cohort, we compared individuals heterozygous for likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in COL4A3 to a propensity score-matched control group and demonstrate increased risks of hematuria, albuminuria, and ESKD. Risks of kidney disease phenotypes were markedly elevated for missense glycine variants in the collagenous domain and moderately elevated for those with PTVs, compared to controls. The vast majority had not been diagnosed with AS and less than a third ever received albuminuria testing, suggesting opportunities to improve management by early genetic diagnosis.
Clinical, molecular, and immune correlates ofImmunotherapy Response Scorein advanced urothelial carcinoma patients under atezolizumab monotherapy: Analysis of the phase 2 IMvigor210 trial
Authors: Ferreiro-Pantín Miriam , Anido-Herranz Urbano , Betancor Yoel Z. , Cebey-López Víctor , León-Mateos Luis , García-González Jorge , García-Acuña Silvia Margarita , Fernández-Díaz Natalia , Tubio Jose M. C. , López-López Rafael , Ruiz-Bañobre Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) scenario there are no consistent biomarkers to predict the benefit patients derived from immune checkpoint blockade. Recently a novel pan-tumor molecular tissue-based biomarker, the Immunotherapy Response Score (IRS), has been proposed. Herein we conducted a retrospective study to validate the prognostic and predictive utility of the IRS in aUC patients under atezolizumab monotherapy and to characterize its underline molecular and immune features in the context of the IMvigor210 phase 2 clinical trial.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 261 patients with available clinical, molecular, and immune tumor data treated with atezolizumab monotherapy in the IMvigor210 phase 2 clinical trial. Efficacy endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and overall response rate (ORR). Survival estimates were calculated by the Kaplan Meier method, and groups were compared with the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate factors independently associated with OS. Factors associated with disease control (DC) and response were tested with logistic regression in univariable and multivariable analyses. Comparisons between patient and disease characteristics were carried out using Chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. All p values were 2-sided, and those less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsHigh IRS was significantly associated with a better OS in univariable [hazard ratio (HR)=0.49, 95% CI 0.33–0.74, p<0.001] and multivariable (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.86, p=0.007) analyses. DCR and ORR were significantly higher among high IRS patients (DCR for high IRS vs low IRS patients: 57% vs 32%, p<0.001; ORR for high IRS vs low IRS patients: 42% vs 10%, p<0.001). High IRS patients presented a higher probability of DC and response in univariable [DC: odds ratio (OR)=2.72, 95% CI 1.54–4.81, p<0.001; Response: OR=3.92, 95% CI 2.11–7.31; p<0.001] and multivariable (DC: OR=2.38, 95% CI 1.28–4.44, p=0.006; Response: OR=3.36, 95% CI 1.68–6.69, p<0.001) analyses.ConclusionsThis study validates IRS as a strong independent prognostic and predictive biomarker for OS and DC/response in aUC patients treated with atezolizumab monotherapy in the IMvigor210 phase 2 clinical trial.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT02108652,NCT02951767.
Genetic and karyotype divergence between parents affect clonality and sterility in hybrids
Authors: Marta Anatolie , Tichopád Tomáš , Bartoš Oldřich , Klíma Jiří , Shah Mujahid Ali , Bohlen Vendula Šlechtová , Bohlen Joerg , Halačka Karel , Choleva Lukáš , Stöck Matthias , Dedukh Dmitrij , Janko Karel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAsexual reproduction can be triggered by interspecific hybridization, but its emergence is supposedly rare, relying on exceptional combinations of suitable genomes. To examine how genomic and karyotype divergence between parental lineages affect the incidence of asexual gametogenesis, we experimentally hybridized fishes (Cobitidae) across a broad phylogenetic spectrum, assessed by whole exome data. Gametogenic pathways generally followed a continuum from sexual reproduction in hybrids between closely related evolutionary lineages to sterile or inviable crosses between distant lineages. However, most crosses resulted in a combination of sterile males and asexually-reproducing females. Their gametes usually experienced problems in chromosome pairing, but females also produced a certain proportion of oocytes with premeiotically duplicated genomes, enabling their development into clonal eggs. Interspecific hybridization may thus commonly affect cell cycles in a specific way, allowing the formation of unreduced oocytes. The emergence of asexual gametogenesis appears tightly linked to hybrid sterility and constitutes an inherent part of the extended speciation continuum.
Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle-related factors with DNA methylation-based aging clocks in older men: WASEDA’S Health Study
Authors: Kawamura Takuji , Radak Zsolt , Tabata Hiroki , Akiyama Hiroshi , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Kawakami Ryoko , Ito Tomoko , Usui Chiyoko , Jokai Matyas , Torma Ferenc , Kim Hyeon-Ki , Miyachi Motohiko , Torii Suguru , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Ishii Kaori , Sakamoto Shizuo , Oka Koichiro , Higuchi Mitsuru , Muraoka Isao , McGreevy Kristen M. , Horvath Steve , Tanisawa Kumpei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDNA methylation-based age estimators (DNAm aging clocks) are currently one of the most promising biomarkers for predicting biological age. However, the relationships between objectively measured physical fitness, including cardiorespiratory fitness, and DNAm aging clocks are largely unknown. We investigated the relationships between physical fitness and the age-adjusted value from the residuals of the regression of DNAm aging clock to chronological age (DNAmAgeAcceleration: DNAmAgeAccel) and attempted to determine the relative contribution of physical fitness variables to DNAmAgeAccel in the presence of other lifestyle factors. DNA samples from 144 Japanese men aged 65–72 years were used to calculate first- (i.e., DNAmHorvath and DNAmHannum) and second- (i.e., DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge and DNAmFitAge) generation DNAm aging clocks. Various surveys and measurements were conducted, including physical fitness, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, nutrients intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, disease status, sleep status, and chronotype. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) per kg body weight had a significant negative correlation with GrimAgeAccel (r= -0.222,p= 0.008). A comparison of the tertile groups showed that the GrimAgeAccel of the highest VO2peakgroup was decelerated by 1.6 years compared to the lowest group (p= 0.035). Multiple regression analysis suggested that rather than physical fitness, serum triglycerides, carbohydrate intake, and smoking status, were significantly associated with DNAmAgeAccel. In conclusion, the contribution of cardiorespiratory fitness to DNAmAgeAccel was relatively low compared to lifestyle factors such as smoking. However, this study reveals a negative relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and DNAmAgeAccel in older men.
Type 1 Diabetes Prevention: a systematic review of studies testing disease-modifying therapies and features linked to treatment response
Authors: Felton Jamie L. , Griffin Kurt J. , Oram Richard A. , Speake Cate , Long S. Alice , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Rich Stephen S. , Monaco Gabriela SF , Evans-Molina Carmella , DiMeglio Linda A. , Ismail Heba M. , Steck Andrea K. , Dabelea Dana , Johnson Randi K. , Urazbayeva Marzhan , Gitelman Stephen , Wentworth John M. , Redondo Maria J. , Sims Emily K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Efforts to prevent T1D have focused on modulating immune responses and supporting beta cell health; however, heterogeneity in disease progression and responses to therapies have made these efforts difficult to translate to clinical practice, highlighting the need for precision medicine approaches to T1D prevention.MethodsTo understand the current state of knowledge regarding precision approaches to T1D prevention, we performed a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials from the past 25 years testing disease-modifying therapies in T1D and/or identifying features linked to treatment response, analyzing bias using a Cochrane-risk-of-bias instrument.ResultsWe identified 75 manuscripts, 15 describing 11 prevention trials for individuals with increased risk for T1D, and 60 describing treatments aimed at preventing beta cell loss in individuals at disease onset. Seventeen agents tested, mostly immunotherapies, showed benefit compared to placebo (only two prior to T1D onset). Fifty-seven studies employed precision analyses to assess features linked to treatment response. Age, measures of beta cell function and immune phenotypes were most frequently tested. However, analyses were typically not prespecified, with inconsistent methods reporting, and tended to report positive findings.ConclusionsWhile the quality of prevention and intervention trials was overall high, low quality of precision analyses made it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions that inform clinical practice. Thus, prespecified precision analyses should be incorporated into the design of future studies and reported in full to facilitate precision medicine approaches to T1D prevention.Plain Language SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, necessitating lifelong insulin dependence. T1D prevention remains an elusive goal, largely due to immense variability in disease progression. Agents tested to date in clinical trials work in a subset of individuals, highlighting the need for precision medicine approaches to prevention. We systematically reviewed clinical trials of disease-modifying therapy in T1D. While age, measures of beta cell function, and immune phenotypes were most commonly identified as factors that influenced treatment response, the overall quality of these studies was low. This review reveals an important need to proactively design clinical trials with well-defined analyses to ensure that results can be interpreted and applied to clinical practice.
Long-term effects of extreme smoke exposure on COVID-19: A cohort study
Authors: Lane Tyler J. , Carroll Matthew , Borg Brigitte M. , McCaffrey Tracy A. , Smith Catherine L. , Gao Caroline , Brown David , Poland David , Allgood Shantelle , Ikin Jillian , Abramson Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn early 2014, the Hazelwood coalmine fire covered the regional Australian town of Morwell in smoke and ash for 45 days. One of the fire’s by-products, PM2.5, has been linked higher rates of COVID-19 infection to increased expression of the ACE2 receptor, which the COVID-19 virus uses to infect cells throughout the body. However, it is unclear whether the effect persists for years after exposure. In this study, we surveyed a cohort established prior to the pandemic to determine whether PM2.5from the coalmine fire increased long-term vulnerability to COVID-19 infection and severe disease.In late 2022, 612 members of the Hazelwood Health Study’s adult cohort, established in 2016/17, participated in a follow-up survey including standardised items to capture COVID-19 infections, hospitalisations, and vaccinations. Associations were evaluated in crude and adjusted logistic regression models, applying statistical weighting for survey response and multiple imputation to account for missing data, with sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of results.A total of 271 (44%) participants self-reported or met symptom criteria for at least one COVID-19 infection. All models found a positive association, with odds of infection increasing by between 4-21% for every standard deviation (12.3µg/m3) increase in mine fire-related PM2.5exposure. However, this was not statistically significant in any model. There were insufficient hospitalisations to examine severity (n=7; 1%).The findings were inconclusive in ruling out an effect of PM2.5exposure from coalmine fire on long-term vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Given the positive association that was robust to modelling variations as well as evidence for a causal mechanism, it would be prudent to treat PM2.5from fire events as a risk factor for long-term COVID-19 vulnerability until more evidence accumulates.