bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective Actions of a Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist on Hearts Donated After Circulatory Death
Authors: Kadowaki Sachiko , Siraj M. Ahsan , Chen Weiden , Wang Jian , Parker Marlee , Nagy Anita , Steve Fan Chun‐Po , Runeckles Kyle , Li Jing , Kobayashi Junko , Haller Christoph , Husain Mansoor , Honjo Osami 
Published: January 2023

Background
Heart transplantation with a donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart is complicated by substantial organ ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion injury. Exenatide, a glucagon‐like peptide−1 receptor agonist, manifests protection against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury in other settings. Here we evaluate the effects of exenatide on DCD hearts in juvenile pigs.

Methods and Results

DCD hearts with 15‐minutes of global warm ischemia after circulatory arrest were reperfused ex vivo and switched to working mode. Treatment with concentration 5‐nmol exenatide was given during reperfusion. DCD hearts treated with exenatide showed higher myocardial oxygen consumption (exenatide [n=7] versus controls [n=7], over 60–120 minutes of reperfusion,
P
<0.001) and lower cardiac troponin‐I release (27.94±11.17 versus 42.25±11.80 mmol/L,
P
=0.04) during reperfusion compared with controls. In working mode, exenatide‐treated hearts showed better diastolic function (dp/dt min: −3644±620 versus −2193±610 mm Hg/s,
P
<0.001; Tau: 15.62±1.78 versus 24.59±7.35 milliseconds,
P
=0.02; lateral
e
′ velocity: 11.27 ± 1.46 versus 7.19±2.96,
P
=0.01), as well as lower venous lactate levels (3.17±0.75 versus 5.17±1.44 mmol/L,
P
=0.01) compared with controls. Higher levels of activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (phosphorylated to total endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels: 2.71±1.16 versus 1.37±0.35,
P
=0.02) with less histological evidence of endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor expression: 0.024±0.007 versus 0.331±0.302, pixel/μm,
P
=0.04) was also observed with exenatide treatment versus controls.

Conclusions
Acute treatment of DCD hearts with exenatide limits myocardial and endothelial injury and improves donor cardiac function.
Body Composition and Risk of Vascular‐Metabolic Mortality Risk in 113 000 Mexican Men and Women Without Prior Chronic Disease
Authors: Gnatiuc Friedrichs Louisa , Wade Rachel , Alegre‐Díaz Jesus , Ramirez‐Reyes Raúl , Garcilazo‐Ávila Adrián , Gonzáles‐Carballo Carlos , Santacruz‐Benitez Rogelio , Chiquete Erwin , Herrington William , Collins Rory , Peto Richard , Clarke Robert , Berumen Jaime , Emberson Jonathan R. , Kuri‐Morales Pablo , Tapia‐Conyer Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Background
Body‐mass index is the sum of fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI), which vary by age, sex, and impact on disease outcomes. We investigated the separate and joint relevance of FMI and LMI with vascular‐metabolic causes of death in Mexican adults.

Methods and Results

A total of 113 025 adults aged 35 to 74 years and free from diabetes or other chronic diseases when recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study were followed for 19 years. Cox models estimated sex‐specific death rate ratios from vascular‐metabolic causes after adjustment for confounders and exclusion of the first 5 years of follow‐up. To account for the strong correlation between FMI and LMI, additional models estimated rate ratios associated with “residual FMI” and “residual LMI” (ie, the residuals from linear regression analyses of FMI on LMI, or vice versa). In both sexes, higher FMI and LMI were associated with higher risks of vascular‐metabolic mortality. For a given (ie, fixed) level of LMI, the rate ratio (95% CI) for vascular‐metabolic mortality per 1 kg/m
2
higher residual FMI strengthened and was higher in women (1.52 [1.38–1.68]) than in men (1.19 [1.13–1.25]). By contrast, for a given level of FMI, higher residual LMI was inversely associated with vascular‐metabolic mortality (rate ratio per 1 kg/m
2
0.67 [0.56–0.80] in women and 0.94 [0.90–0.98] in men).

Conclusions
In this study, higher residual FMI was more strongly associated with vascular‐metabolic mortality in women than in men. Conversely, higher residual LMI was inversely associated with vascular‐metabolic mortality, particularly in women.
Morphological Characteristics of Ruptured Brain Aneurysms: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sanchez Sebastian , Hickerson Meredith , Patel Rishi R. , Ghazaleh Dana , Tarchand Ranita , Paranjape Geeta S. , Pope Holly , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Pederson John M. , Hasan David , Raghavan Madhavan L. , Samaniego Edgar A. 
Published: January 2023

Background
It is unclear what morphological features of brain aneurysms are better at predicting risk of rupture. We conducted a meta‐analysis to analyze the best morphological determinants of rupture status.

Methods
The Nested Knowledge platform was used to perform a search of articles reporting on aneurysm size, aspect ratio (AR), size ratio (SR), ellipticity index, nonsphericity index, and undulation index. The mean differences between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were used to calculate effect sizes.

Results

A total of 63 studies with 13 025 aneurysms were included: 6966 ruptured aneurysms and 6059 unruptured aneurysms. Ruptured aneurysms had a larger size (
P
<0.001), AR (
P
<0.001), SR (
P
<0.001), ellipticity index (
P
=0.049), and nonsphericity index (
P
=0.049) compared with unruptured aneurysms. The mean size of ruptured aneurysms was 6.1 mm (95% CI, 5.6–6.5). The size of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms was similar in the anterior cerebral artery (
P
=0.28), anterior communicating artery (
P
=0.31), and basilar artery (
P
=0.51). The mean AR of ruptured aneurysms was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4–1.6), and the mean SR was 2.3 (95% CI, 2.1–2.5). For mirror aneurysms, the mean AR was 1.2 (95% CI, 1.2–1.5), and the mean SR was 2.2 (95% CI, 2.1–2.5).

Conclusions
Size is not significantly different between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms located in the anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, and basilar artery. SR is significantly different between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in all locations. A mean AR of 1.5 and SR of 2.3 are the thresholds associated with ruptured aneurysm status.
You Have to Send the Right Message: Examining the Influence of Protective Action Guidance on Message Perception Outcomes across Prior Hazard Warning Experience to Three Hazards
Authors: Fischer Laura , Huntsman David , Orton Ginger , Sutton Jeannette 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A long-term goal for warning-message designers is to determine the most effective type of message that can instruct individuals to act quickly and prevent loss of life and/or injury when faced with an imminent threat. One likely way to increase an individual’s behavioral intent to act when they are faced with risk information is to provide protective action information or guidance. This study investigated participant perceptions (understanding, believing, personalizing, deciding, milling, self-efficacy, and response efficacy) in response to the National Weather Service’s experimental product Twitter messages for three hazard types (tornado, snow squall, and dust storm), with each message varying by inclusion and presentation of protective action information placed in the tweet text and the visual graphic. We also examine the role of prior hazard warning experience on message perception outcomes. To examine the effects, the experiment used a between-subjects design in which participants were randomly assigned to one hazard type and received one of four warning messages. Participants then took a post-test measuring message perceptions, efficacy levels, prior hazard warning experience, and demographics. The results showed that, for each hazard and prior hazard experience level, messages with protective action guidance in both the text and graphic increase their understanding, belief, ability to decide, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. These results reinforce the idea that well-designed messages that include protective action guidance work well regardless of hazard type or hazard warning experience.

Significance Statement
Preventing injury and/or loss of life during a hazardous event is a prime concern for disaster communicators. The study provides insights to practitioners on how to effectively communicate protective actions to audiences with varying familiarity with the hazard through Twitter posts. We experimented with tweet message design and content for three hazards: tornado, snow squall, and dust storm, to find that posts that include protective action guidance in both the text and image increase participant perceptions that they could perform the suggested protective actions, regardless of hazard type or hazard warning experience. Given our findings, practitioners should consider including protective action guidance in message text and graphic to warn members of the public with varied prior warning experience.
Mapping homicide by 3-D modelling of bloodstain patterns at crime scene
Authors: Kislov Maksim A , Chauhan Mohit , Khanna Sunil K , Leonov Sergei V , Leonova Elena N , Nagornov Mikhail N , Berezovsky Berezovskiy D , Lomakin Yurij V , Bychkov Alexey A , Stepanov Sergey A , Krupin Konstantin N , Sergeevna ZM 
Published: January 2023

Background Three-dimensional (3-D) modelling can be a useful technical aid and we used it to reconstruct a homicide scene to corroborate the statement of an eyewitness. 3-D modelling of the bloodstain was conducted by Micro Smith Poser 11 and Autodesk 3-Ds Max software. The technique was found to be easily understandable by the police and judiciary in the interpretation of the sequence of the events of the crime. It refuted the eye-witness's account of the actions of the accused who was charged with murder and allowed collection, storage and retrieval of the patho-anatomic information about the deceased. Conclusion The checks on the accuracy of statements given by eye-witnesses that can be provided by 3-D modelling may change the outcome of criminal investigations in future.
The Role of Confidence and Knowledge in Intentions to (Not) Seek Care for Hypertension: Evidence From a National Survey
Authors: Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Okan Yasmina , Krishnamurti Tamar , Huffman Mark D. 
Published: January 2023

Background Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, patients may lack confidence in their understanding of what constitutes normal/healthy blood pressure, potentially affecting intentions to seek necessary care. The American Heart Association defines normal/healthy blood pressure as <120/80 mm Hg, with a 130/80 mm Hg threshold for hypertension diagnosis. Methods Our US sample ( N = 6,592) included 1,342 adults with hypertension alone and 795 with hypertension and relevant comorbidities (heart disease, kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus). We assessed confidence in understanding blood pressure numbers, knowledge of thresholds for normal/healthy blood pressure (“normal or healthy blood pressure is below . . .”; counting 120–130/80 mm Hg as correct), and intentions to seek care for randomly assigned blood pressure readings of 142/91 (stage 2 hypertension), 132/69 (stage 1 hypertension), or 118/78 mm Hg (normal/healthy blood pressure). Results Among nonhypertensive participants, 55% expressed confidence in their understanding of blood pressure numbers, but only 36% knew the upper thresholds for normal/healthy blood pressure. Among participants with hypertension alone, 78% were confident while 47% were knowledgeable. Among participants with hypertension and comorbidities, 81% were confident and 40% were knowledgeable. Participants who were confident (v. not) were more likely to express intentions to act on stage 2 hypertension readings but less likely to express intentions to act on stage 1 readings, even after adjustment for knowledge, hypertension diagnosis, and sociodemographics. Limitations Confidence, knowledge, and intentions were each measured with 1 question. Conclusions Independent of knowledge, confidence was associated with greater willingness to act on stage 2 hypertension readings but reduced willingness to act on stage 1 hypertension readings. Interventions aiming to improve hypertension care-seeking behavior should improve confidence in accurate knowledge. Highlights Hypertension or high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. Most Americans do not know that normal/healthy blood pressure levels are ≤120/80 mm Hg, yet they are confident that they know this information. Inappropriate confidence in understanding of blood pressure numbers undermines intentions to seek care for stage 1 hypertension blood pressure readings.
Preparation and performance of latanoprost-loaded hydrogels as a lacrimal suppository for the treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Xiao Siyu , Ma Aijie , Ma Yanzhuo , Bai Haiyan , Zhang Binghong , Li Juan , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, and its treatment is attracting widespread attention. Drug-loaded lacrimal suppositories can effectively treat xerophthalmia, but there is little research on the treatment of glaucoma with drug-loaded lacrimal suppositories. This article explored and expanded the non-pharmacological model of lacrimal suppository therapy for glaucoma by using a combination of lacrimal suppository and medication. The drug-loaded lacrimal suppository was rationally designed through the conjugation of gelatin with polyamide (PAM) via the formation of amide linkages, followed by Schiff base reaction grafting with latanoprost. In vitro drug release studies showed that latanoprost released from drug-loaded lacrimal embolus had sustained-release properties with a release time of 33 days and a drug release volume of 82.6%. The biological evaluation of drug-loaded lacrimal thrombus was carried out by IOP test, retinal potential test, and retinal H&E staining. The results showed that the IOP decreased to 27.125 ± 1.1254 mmHg, and the a and b waves of retinal potential increased to 4.39 ± 0.16 μV and 67.9 ± 2.17 μV, respectively. It indicated that latanoprost lacrimal suppository has a good therapeutic effect on glaucoma.
Bringing the hospital to home: Patient-reported outcome measures of a digital health-supported home hospitalisation platform to support hospital care at home for heart failure patients
Authors: Scherrenberg Martijn , Leenen Jobbe PL , van der Velde Astrid E , Boyne Josiane , Bruins Wendy , Vranken Julie , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , De Kluiver Ed P , Dendale Paul 
Published: January 2023

Background Hospitalisations for heart failure are frequent and costly, linked with a lower quality of life, and lead to higher morbidity and mortality. Home hospitalisation interventions could be a substitute for in-hospital stays to reduce the burden on patients. The current study aims to investigate patient-reported satisfaction and usability in combination with the safety of a digital health-supported home hospitalisation intervention for heart failure patients. Methods We conducted an international, multicentre, single-arm, interventional study to investigate the feasibility and safety of a digital health-supported home hospitalisation platform. Patients with acute decompensation of known and well-assessed chronic heart failure with an indication for hospital admission were included. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes were usability, adherence, and safety. Results A total number of 66 patients were included, of which the data of 65 patients (98.5%) was analysed. A total of 86.1% of patients reported being very satisfied or totally satisfied. No patients reported to be not satisfied with the home hospitalisation intervention. The patients reported a sufficient usability score (mean score: 75.8% of 100%) for the digital health-supported home hospitalisation platform. The adherence to the daily measurements of blood pressure and weight was very high, whereas the adherence to the daily interaction with the eCoach was lower (69.3%). In 7 patients (10.8%), a conversion from home hospitalisation to regular hospitalisation was needed. Furthermore, 6 patients (9.2%) had rehospitalisation within 30 days after the end of the home hospitalisation intervention. Conclusion A digitally supported home hospitalisation intervention is feasible. This study demonstrates high patient satisfaction and sufficiently high usability scores. The safety outcomes are comparable with traditional heart failure hospitalisations. This indicates that digitally supported home hospitalisation could be an alternative to in-hospital care for all age groups, yet further research is needed to prove the (cost-) effectiveness.
Autonomous Motivation for Exercise Is Key to an Active Lifestyle in Firefighters
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , De Soir Erik , Ramos-Sanchez Carlos Pelayo , van Winkel Ruud , Louw Quinette Abegail , McKeon Grace , Rosenbaum Simon , Seedat Soraya 
Published: January 2023

Background: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for chronic mental and physical health conditions in firefighters. It remains unclear why a substantial portion of firefighters do not meet the World Health Organization’s physical activity (PA) recommendations. In this cross-sectional study, we explored associations between motivational reasons for being physically active and time spent exercising, walking, and in incidental PA in firefighters. A secondary aim was to investigate differences in motivational reasons between physically active versus physically inactive firefighters. Methods: Eighty-seven participants (43.1 ± 10.3 years; 87.6% male) who were recruited via a nonprofit peer support network of fire rescue personnel in Flanders, Belgium, completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 2 (BREQ-2), Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), and the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) via an online survey. Findings: Firefighters who identified the benefits of exercising and/or those who found pleasure or a personal challenge in it exercised more. Those who did not meet the guideline of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week had much less intrinsic motivation. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: This study demonstrates that autonomous motives for PA (i.e., because it is perceived to be consistent with intrinsic goals or outcomes and emanates from the self) are important for an active lifestyle in firefighters. Occupational health professionals can foster autonomous motivation in firefighters by focusing on the benefits of exercise, making sure there are a wide range of exercise options available, and supporting initiatives of firefighters within the fire station.
A case control study of maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis
Authors: Salama Basem , Tharwat Elbakry M 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Neonatal Sepsis is a significant leading cause of infant death around the world, particularly in developing nations. The study aimed to identify maternal and neonatal risk factors linked to neonatal sepsis. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the ICU. Cases were neonates diagnosed as having sepsis by clinical criteria and laboratory findings. Controls were admitted neonates who were neither suspected nor diagnosed with sepsis. Data on mothers and babies, as well as laboratory findings, were gathered and analyzed. Results: A total of 174 cases and 348 controls were included in the study. Maternal age, parity, route of delivery, PROM, prematurity, birth weight, neonatal gender and age were significantly associated with the risk of sepsis ( p < 0.05). However, the bivariate logistic model revealed that the most influential predictors of neonatal sepsis were premature rupture of membranes, Gestational age, Neonatal age, birth weight, and mode of delivery. Conclusion: Both maternal and neonatal variables were found to have a significant association with the risk of neonatal sepsis; thus, empowering mothers to pursue antenatal care may allow the detection of risk factors for undesirable delivery consequences such as neonatal sepsis, as well as appropriate management to mitigate those risks.
Deltotrapezial Stabilization of Acromioclavicular Joint Rotational Stability: A Biomechanical Evaluation
Authors: Hawthorne Benjamin C. , Mancini Michael R. , Wellington Ian J. , DiCosmo Michael B. , Shuman Matthew E. , Trudeau Maxwell T. , Dorsey Caitlin G. , Obopilwe Elifho , Cote Mark P. , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Despite advances in surgical management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction, many patients fail to maintain sustained anatomic reduction postoperatively. Purpose: To determine the biomechanical support of the deltoid and trapezius on AC joint stability, focusing on the rotational stability provided by the muscles to posterior and anterior clavicular rotation. A novel technique was attempted to repair the deltoid and trapezius anatomically. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve human cadaveric shoulders (mean ± SD age, 60.25 ± 10.25 years) underwent servohydraulic testing. Shoulders were randomly assigned to undergo serial defects to either the deltoid or trapezius surrounding the AC joint capsule, followed by a combined deltotrapezial muscle defect. Deltotrapezial defects were repaired with an all-suture anchor using an anatomic technique. The torque (N·m) required to rotate the clavicle 20° anterior and 20° posterior was recorded for the following conditions: intact (native), deltoid defect, trapezius defect, combined deltotrapezial defect, and repair. Results: When compared with the native condition, the deltoid defect decreased the torque required to rotate the clavicle 20° posteriorly by 7.1% ( P = .206) and 20° anteriorly by 6.1% ( P = .002); the trapezial defect decreased the amount of rotational torque posteriorly by 5.3% ( P = .079) and anteriorly by 4.9% ( P = .032); and the combined deltotrapezial defect decreased the amount of rotational torque posteriorly by 9.9% ( P = .002) and anteriorly by 9.4% ( P < .001). Anatomic deltotrapezial repair increased posterior rotational torque by 5.3% posteriorly as compared with the combined deltotrapezial defect ( P = .001) but failed to increase anterior rotational torque ( P > .999). The rotational torque of the repair was significantly lower than the native joint in the posterior ( P = .017) and anterior ( P < .001) directions. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the deltoid and trapezius play a role in clavicular rotational stabilization. The proposed anatomic repair improved posterior rotational stability but did not improve anterior rotational stability as compared with the combined deltotrapezial defect; however, neither was restored to native stability. Clinical Relevance: Traumatic or iatrogenic damage to the deltotrapezial fascia and the inability to restore anatomic deltotrapezial attachments to the acromioclavicular joint may contribute to rotational instability. Limiting damage and improving the repair of these muscles should be a consideration during AC reconstruction.