bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln in Kleinbetrieben ausgewählter Branchen in Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege
Authors: Michaelis Martina , Anhäuser Lea , Gerding Johannes , Nienhaus Albert , Stößel Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Die Desinfektion von Händen, Flächen und ggf. Arbeitsmitteln war insbesondere in Betrieben des Gesundheitsdienstes und der Wohlfahrtspflege schon immer wichtig und wurde seit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie noch wichtiger. Der Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln birgt auf der anderen Seite auch Gesundheitsgefahren. Insbesondere Klein- und Kleinstunternehmen (KKU) gelten hinsichtlich formaler Arbeitsschutzkriterien als schlechter aufgestellt als größere Betriebe. Zu unserer Hauptforschungsfrage „Wie wird in KKU mit Desinfektionsmitteln als Gefahrstoff umgegangen?“ lagen bislang keine empirischen Ergebnisse vor, so dass wir im Frühjahr 2022 Betriebsinhabende schriftlich befragten.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden zufällig ausgewählte Mitgliedsbetriebe der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW) in 5 KKU-Branchen angeschrieben. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte branchenvergleichend mittels bivariater Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Der Fragebogenrücklauf in therapeutischen Praxen (n = 127), Friseur- (n = 94) und Kosmetikstudios (n = 932), Kitas (n = 90) und ambulanten Pflegediensten (n = 129) war im Mittel 12 %. Eine unsachgemäße Lagerung von Desinfektionsmitteln war selten. Beim Umfüllen aus größeren Gebinden in kleinere Spender wurden in 73 % der Betriebe Schutzhandschuhe getragen und die Spenderflaschen sachgemäß gekennzeichnet. Fast immer wurden Beschäftigte zum sicheren Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln informiert, allerdings nur in 44 % der Betriebe durch Unterweisungen. Desinfektionspläne wurden in 82 % der Betriebe regelmäßig aktualisiert, Sicherheitsdatenblätter in 61 % verwendet und Gefährdungsbeurteilungen in 41 % durchgeführt. Fehler im Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln passierten aus der Sicht der Befragten nur selten. Ambulante Pflegedienste wiesen bei einigen Aspekten eine bessere Arbeitsschutzqualität auf als andere Betriebe.

Diskussion
Die Umsetzung von Unterweisungen und Gefährdungsbeurteilungen als Bestandteil des gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Arbeitsschutzes ist – wie auch aus anderen Studien bekannt – in den untersuchten Betrieben defizitär, auch wenn auf der anderen Seite der sichere Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln in vielen KKU auf andere Weise informell thematisiert zu werden scheint. Das Gefahrstoffmanagement und der Umgang mit Desinfektionsmitteln selbst erscheinen im Großen und Ganzen unproblematisch. Limitationen: Angesichts des geringen Fragebogenrücklaufs hätte eine Verallgemeinerung der Ergebnisse vermutlich eine eher zu positive Einschätzung der Situation in der Grundgesamtheit zur Folge.
Machine learning for embodied carbon life cycle assessment of buildings
Authors: El Hafdaoui Hamza , Khallaayoun Ahmed , Bouarfa Ibtissam , Ouazzani Kamar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the significant issue of embodied carbon in buildings and presents a comprehensive approach to its assessment. A machine learning model is proposed, leveraging authentic databases and supervised learning techniques to estimate the environmental impacts of embodied carbon throughout the building life cycle. Validation of the model revealed average percentage errors of approximately 15.71% across different countries. The study also introduces a standardized algorithmic protocol and guidelines for assessing embodied carbon, demonstrated through a case study in Morocco. Results indicate that conventional residential buildings of 120 m2 emit 34.7 tons of embodied carbon, with floors contributing 55%, structure 27%, envelope 14%, and openings 4%. Notably, insulation accounts for 37.0% of the total embodied carbon. Recommendations include incorporating additional databases for learning, considering transportation emissions and primary materials sources, and training the model for different life cycle stages to enhance accuracy. This research provides valuable insights for reducing embodied carbon in buildings and promoting sustainable construction practices.
Not so simple
Authors: Caret Colin R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a recent series of articles, Beall has developed the view that FDE is the formal system most deserving of the honorific “Logic”. The Simple Argument for this view is a cost-benefit analysis: the view that FDE is Logic has no drawbacks and it has some benefits when compared with any of its rivals. In this paper, I argue that both premises of the Simple Argument are mistaken. I use this as an opportunity to further reflect on how such arguments can be bolstered to provide more substantial and productive support for revisionary theses about Logic.
Spacecraft attitude control based on generalised dynamic inversion with adaptive neural network
Authors: Jafri S. M. N. , Aslam M. I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust generalised dynamic inversion (GDI) control system design with adaptive neural network (NN) estimation for spacecraft attitude tracking under the absence of knowledge of the spacecraft inertia parameters. The robust GDI control system works to enforce attitude tracking, and the adaptive NN augmentation compensates for the lack of knowledge of the spacecraft inertia parameters. The baseline GDI control law consists of a particular part and an auxiliary part. The particular part of the GDI control law works to realise a desired attitude dynamics of the spacecraft, and the auxiliary part works for finite-time stabilisation of the spacecraft angular velocity. Robustness against modeling uncertainties and external disturbances is provided by augmenting a siding mode control element within the particular part of the GDI control law. The singularity that accompanies GDI control is avoided by modifying the Moore-Penrose generalised inverse by means of a dynamic scaling factor. The NN weighting matrices are updated adaptively through a control Lyapunov function. A detailed stability analysis shows that the closed loop system is semi-global practically stable. For performance assessment, a spacecraft model is developed, and GDI-NN control is investigated for its attitude control problem through numerical simulations. Simulation results reveal the efficacy, robustness and adaptive attributes of proposed GDI-NN control for its application to spacecraft attitude control.
Was There an Administrative Revolution?
Authors: Qiao George Zhijian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay takes a close look at Maura Dykstra's monograph Uncertainty in the Empire of Routine (Harvard Asia Center, 2022). It analyzes the book's multitude of problems, such as its flawed conception, numerous factual blunders, failure to engage existing scholarship, problematic choice of primary sources, and dubious citation practices. Most significantly, this essay aims to provide ample evidence to demonstrate how the book systematically misrepresents the majority of its primary sources to support an untenable thesis. It argues that the book's central claims are ungrounded in evidence.
The politics of (de)liberalization: studying partisan effects using mixed-effects models
Authors: Garritzmann Julian L. , Seng Kilian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiberalization is a perennial topic in politics and political science. We first review a broad scholarly debate, showing that the mainstream theories make rival and contradictory claims regarding the role of political parties in (de)liberalization reforms. We then develop a framework of conditional partisan influence, arguing that and under what conditions parties matter. We test our (and rival) propositions with a new dataset on (de)liberalization reforms in 23 democracies since 1973 covering several policy areas. Methodologically, we argue that existing quantitative studies are problematic: They rely on time-series cross-section models using country-year observations; but governments do not change annually, so that the number of observations is artificially inflated, resulting in incorrect estimates. We propose mixed-effects models instead, with country-year observations nested in cabinets, which are nested in countries and years. The results show under what conditions parties matter for (de)liberalization. More generally, the paper argues that mixed-effects models should become the new standard for studying partisan influences.
Narratives of Racial Duty: Competitive Reality Television Series as Sites for Studying Racialized Social Obligations and Black Group-Based Decision-Making
Authors: Harbin M. Brielle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow do Black Americans practice a politics of racial group uplift while balancing their individual material interests? Traditionally, scholars have drawn on linked fate theory. However, more recent work argues that Black Americans remain politically unified because they feel race-based social pressure to conform more than a sense of linked fate. Employing a novel research design, I use the competitive reality television series, Survivor, to observe and analyze Black group-based decision-making. Through an inductive thematic content analysis of 13 Survivor episodes, I identified five themes in Black players’ discussions of racialized social obligations when playing the game—what I call narratives of racial duty. Claims that emerged in this storytelling suggested that similar to the political world, Black Survivor contestants were keenly aware of the racialized social obligations for them as contestants in the game. For some, this reality felt like a burden. For others, it presented an opportunity. These reactions led some Black players to work together and others to construct a rationale for defecting from race-based alliances. I conclude by making the case that analyzing entertainment programs offers race and politics scholars a new site for identifying common scripts used to adhere to (and sidestep) racialized social norms.
National survey sampling exercise on current practice in channelled local anaesthetic biopsy in suspected head and neck cancer
Authors: Lim Alison E , Moen Christy M , Montgomery Jenny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveOut-patient channelled endoscopic local anaesthetic biopsy reduces the time to diagnosis and wider use may improve cancer pathway times. This study aimed to assess the practice of ENT surgeons using channelled local anaesthetic biopsy.MethodA survey was distributed nationally, containing questions about out-patient local anaesthetic biopsy.ResultsIn total, 58 responses were returned; only 12 per cent of respondents (n = 7) used general anaesthetic biopsy. The advantages of local anaesthetic biopsy were: the avoidance of general anaesthetic for patients with poor performance scores (95 per cent, n = 55) and faster cancer pathway times (91 per cent, n = 53). Disadvantages were: clinics running late (29 per cent, n = 17) and complications (24 per cent, n = 14). The main barrier to using local anaesthetic was access to channelled flexible endoscopy (38 per cent, n = 22), with 43 per cent (n = 25) reporting they were not using out-patient channelled endoscopes but would be interested in using them.ConclusionSurgeons are interested in using channelled endoscopic local anaesthetic biopsy, but they are limited by access to equipment. Increased use of channelled endoscopes may improve national cancer pathway times and avoid challenging general anaesthetics.
Prospective association of attachment style with suicide attempts among US Army soldiers
Authors: Naifeh James A. , Ursano Robert J. , Stein Murray B. , Wang Jing , Mash Holly B. Herberman , Aliaga Pablo A. , Fullerton Carol S. , Dinh Hieu M. , Kao Tzu-Cheg , Sampson Nancy A. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundInsecure attachment styles are associated with retrospectively reported suicide attempts (SAs). It is not known if attachment styles are prospectively associated with medically documented SAs.MethodsA representative sample of US Army soldiers entering service (n = 21 772) was surveyed and followed via administrative records for their first 48 months of service. Attachment style (secure, preoccupied, fearful, dismissing) was assessed at baseline. Administrative medical records identified SAs. Discrete-time survival analysis examined associations of attachment style with future SA during service, adjusting for time in service, socio-demographics, service-related variables, and mental health diagnosis (MH-Dx). We examined whether associations of attachment style with SA differed based on sex and MH-Dx.ResultsIn total, 253 respondents attempted suicide. Endorsed attachment styles included secure (46.8%), preoccupied (9.1%), fearful (15.7%), and dismissing (19.2%). Examined separately, insecure attachment styles were associated with increased odds of SA: preoccupied [OR 2.5 (95% CI 1.7–3.4)], fearful [OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.3)], dismissing [OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.3–2.6)]. Examining attachment styles simultaneously along with other covariates, preoccupied [OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.7)] and dismissing [OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4)] remained significant. The dismissing attachment and MH-Dx interaction was significant. In stratified analyses, dismissing attachment was associated with SA only among soldiers without MH-Dx. Other interactions were non-significant. Soldiers endorsing any insecure attachment style had elevated SA risk across the first 48 months in service, particularly during the first 12 months.ConclusionsInsecure attachment styles, particularly preoccupied and dismissing, are associated with increased future SA risk among soldiers. Elevated risk is most substantial during first year of service but persists through the first 48 months. Dismissing attachment may indicate risk specifically among soldiers not identified by the mental healthcare system.
Experimentation-based Policymaking for Urban Regeneration in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Tong De , Yang Shuang , Lai Yani 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA growing appreciation of the potential benefits of experimentation to tame the complexities of urban transformation has led to an increase in related research activity. Building on a “practice-to-policy” experimentation-based framework, this paper investigates the adaptive policymaking process for urban regeneration in Shenzhen since the 2000s. It finds that “explorative experimentation” is used to identify a general direction in the absence of a clear route for the policy process, while “generative experimentation” is sequentially dedicated to specific issues for the improvement of the entire policy package within a particular reform. We argue that understanding the successive roles or hybrid functions of these two types of experiment adds new insights to the development rationales for Shenzhen's urban regeneration and provides inspiration for an experimental model of urban governance. Governments and policymakers can benefit from the experimentation-based approach, as presented in the Shenzhen case, to pursue policy innovation embedded in local contexts.
‘Translating’ Classics for Generations Z and Alpha
Authors: Bozia Eleni , Pantazopoulou Anastasia , Smith Anthony J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a public outreach program developed by the Department of Classics at the University of Florida to introduce school-age children to Classics. The main goal is to emphasise the value of Classics and the practical skills it teaches by engaging students with hands-on exercises and materialising connections between the past and the present. The paper focuses on the importance of Classics and the humanities in the development of engaged citizens, the types of programs and their content, and ways to ensure the sustainability of such initiatives through the involvement of graduate students, faculty, and administrators.
The Politics of Time: The Political Origins of Working-Time Regulation
Authors: Rasmussen Magnus Bergli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTowards the end of the nineteenth century, leisure was reserved for the few. By the end of the twentieth century, however, most workers had a regulated normal working time of 40 or fewer hours per week, annual paid leave, and overtime compensation. In this paper, I investigate which political parties brought forth these changes – which party constellations supported or opposed working-time reforms and argue that sector and class differences drive party preferences. Lower-class and urban middle-class workers demanded regulation as demand for leisure increased with income. In contrast, employers and farmers opposed such reforms. Accordingly, the study argues that socialist and social-liberal parties were inclined to support leisure-securing working-time reforms, whereas conservative and farmer parties opposed them. Due to their linkages with workers and farmers, liberal parties may be divided into a rural constituency that tends to oppose working-time reforms and an urban constituency that supports them. I test these expectations using parliamentary data: 65 roll-call votes from Norway between 1880 and 1940, combined with analysis of major reforms and legislative appeals. Finally, I undertake a generalization test using country-level reform data from 33 democracies between 1880 and 2010. Results generally fall in line with expectations, and the pattern is stable over time.
Primary weight loss failure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is characterized by impaired gut-hormone mediated regulation of food intake
Authors: Bojsen-Møller Kirstine Nyvold , Svane Maria Saur , Martinussen Christoffer , Dirksen Carsten , Jørgensen Nils Bruun , Jensen Jens-Erik Beck , Jensen Christian Zinck , Torekov Signe Sørensen , Kristiansen Viggo Bjerregaard , Rehfeld Jens Frederik , Bork-Jensen Jette , Grarup Niels , Hansen Torben , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Madsbad Sten 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) a subset of patients never obtain excess BMI loss (EBMIL) > 50% and are categorized as having primary weight loss (WL) failure. We hypothesized that postprandial concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) would be lower in patients with primary WL failure compared with patients with successfully maintained WL. Furthermore, that inhibition of gut hormone secretions would increase ad libitum food intake less in patients with primary WL failure.

Subjects/Methods
Twenty women with primary WL failure (LowEBMIL < 50%) were individually matched to twenty women with successful WL (HighEBMIL > 60%) on age, preoperative BMI and time from RYGB. On separate days performed in a random order, patient-blinded subcutaneous injections of octreotide or saline (placebo) were followed by a fixed breakfast and an ad libitum lunch with blood sampling for appetite regulating hormones and Visual-Analogue-Scale (VAS)-scoring of hunger/satiety. Furthermore, participants underwent gene variant analysis for GLP-1, PYY and their receptors, indirect calorimetry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-scans, 4-days at-home food registration and 14-days step counting.

Results
On placebo days, postprandial GLP-1, PYY and cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations were similar between groups after breakfast. Fasting ghrelin was lower in LowEBMIL, but the postprandial suppression was similar. LowEBMIL had lower satiety VAS-scores and less suppression of hunger VAS-scores. Gene variants did not differ between groups. Octreotide diminished GLP-1, PYY, CCK and ghrelin concentrations in both groups. Octreotide did not affect ad libitum food intake in LowEBMIL (−1% [−13, 12], mean [95%CI]), while food intake increased in HighEBMIL (+23% [2,44]).

Conclusions
Primary WL failure after RYGB was not characterized by impaired secretions of appetite regulating gut hormones. Interestingly, inhibition of gut hormone secretions with octreotide only increased food intake in patients with successful WL post-RYGB. Thus, an impaired central anorectic response to gut hormones may contribute to primary WL failure after RYGB.
Deciphering pathogenic cellular module at single-cell resolution in checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis
Authors: Cui Pengfei , Li Jinfeng , Tao Haitao , Li Xiaoyan , Wu Liangliang , Ma Junxun , Wang Huanhuan , Liu Tingting , Zhang Min , Hu Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCheckpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is the most common fatal immune-related adverse event; however, its pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Comprehensively dissecting the key cellular players and molecular pathways associated with CIP pathobiology is critical for precision diagnosis and develop novel therapy strategy of CIP. Herein, we performed a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis to dissect the complexity of the immunological response in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microenvironment. CIP was characterized by a dramatic accumulation of CXCL13+ T cells and hyperinflammatory CXCL9+ monocytes. T-cell receptor (TCR) analysis revealed that CXCL13+ T cells exhibited hyperexpanded- TCR clonotypes, and pseudotime analysis revealed a potential differentiation trajectory from naïve to cytotoxic effector status. Monocyte trajectories showed that LAMP3+ DCs derived from CXCL9+ monocytes possessed the potential to migrate from tumors to the BALF, whereas the differentiation trajectory to anti-inflammatory macrophages was blocked. Intercellular crosstalk analysis revealed the signaling pathways such as CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3, FASLG-FAS, and IFNGR1/2-IFNG were activated in CIP+ samples. We also proposed a novel immune signature with high diagnostic power to distinguish CIP+ from CIP− samples (AUC = 0.755). Our data highlighted key cellular players, signatures, and interactions involved in CIP pathogenesis.
Liquid-activated quantum emission from pristine hexagonal boron nitride for nanofluidic sensing
Authors: Ronceray Nathan , You Yi , Glushkov Evgenii , Lihter Martina , Rehl Benjamin , Chen Tzu-Heng , Nam Gwang-Hyeon , Borza Fanny , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Roke Sylvie , Keerthi Ashok , Comtet Jean , Radha Boya , Radenovic Aleksandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiquids confined down to the atomic scale can show radically new properties. However, only indirect and ensemble measurements operate in such extreme confinement, calling for novel optical approaches that enable direct imaging at the molecular level. Here we harness fluorescence originating from single-photon emitters at the surface of hexagonal boron nitride for molecular imaging and sensing in nanometrically confined liquids. The emission originates from the chemisorption of organic solvent molecules onto native surface defects, revealing single-molecule dynamics at the interface through the spatially correlated activation of neighbouring defects. Emitter spectra further offer a direct readout of the local dielectric properties, unveiling increasing dielectric order under nanometre-scale confinement. Liquid-activated native hexagonal boron nitride defects bridge the gap between solid-state nanophotonics and nanofluidics, opening new avenues for nanoscale sensing and optofluidics.