bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a Theoretical Description of Hysteresis for Soft Tissues
Authors: Conway T. A. , Lam P. C. , Mazilu N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In complex loading conditions, it is important to know, on one hand, the uniaxial behavior of materials and, on the other hand, how this uniaxial behavior changes with the state of material. Soft tissues offer one of the most attractive areas to exercise a mathematical model for the cyclic loading. Particular classes of soft tissues are interesting in that they exhibit a homographic relation between stress and strain, during uniaxial quasistatic experiments [1]. Our investigation of soft tissues behavior shows that this is a consequence of the fact that we can adequately approximate the experimental curve by a rational function and consider the measured strain as the eigenvalue of a matrix [2]. Now, assuming that the homography is valid, as the experimental data seems to indicate, we may use it to develop a description of the strain hysteresis phenomenon. For most materials, a knowledge of the hysteresis per cycle helps to define its fatigue life in low or high cycle loading. In the case of living tissues, the analytical modeling of the hysteretic response is necessary to understand the contribution of the fatigue and wear components in tissue failure mechanisms.
Can Vigorous Quadriceps Contraction Lead to ACL Failure?
Authors: Bach J. M. , Hull M. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It has been proposed that a vigorous quadriceps contraction can lead to ACL rupture. A set of experiments was performed to determine the relationship between increasing quadriceps force and ACL strain. The results indicate that the relationship between these two variables is almost perfectly linear for flexion angles of 0, 30, and 60 degrees indicating that it may be possible to rupture the ACL through isolated quadriceps contraction when the knee is near full extension.
Cryopreservation of Multicellular Tissue
Authors: Diller Kenneth R. , Freitas Robson Cintra de 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The cryopreservation of living cells and tissues can provide a key source of materials for applications in tissue engineering as well as for direct transplantation to recipients. Successful recovery of living tissues from long term exposure to the deep subzero temperatures necessary to create a state of suspended animation requires careful and knowledgeable design of the processing protocol. This paper presents an analysis of the design issues which must be considered in the development of cryopreservation techniques for organized tissues and a brief summary of our work with a specific example, the pancreas islet of Langerhans.
The Effect of Acetabular Component Orientation on Load Transfer Through the Cadaver Pelvis
Authors: Klein Ross R. , Loebig Thomas G. , Anderson Donald D. , Mutschler Thomas A. , Ferguson Gary M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The most common cause of failure in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is aseptic component loosening. The mechanical factors in femoral component loosening have been studied extensively, while the acetabular mechanics have received less attention (Oh and Harris, 1978; Huiskes et al., 1992).
Structural Damage of Porcine Bioprosthetic Heart Valves Subjected to Longterm Accelerated Testing
Authors: Sacks Michael S. , Smith David B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Porcine bioprosthetic heart valves (PBHV) have poor long-term performance due to limited durability. PBHVs are commercially fixed at low trans-valvular pressures, which is thought to benefit mechanical durability by maintaining fiber crimp. However, there is no quantified data on PBHV structural changes under varying trans-valvular pressures. We have previously shown that small angle light scattering (SALS) is able to quantify changes in the collagen fiber architecture of PBHVs after 500 million cycles of in-vitro accelerated testing (1) To help clarify these issues, we investigated the changes in PBHV fiber architecture at different states of accelerated testing and trans-valvular pressures using SALS.
Strain Induced Pressure and Potential in Ligament and Tendon
Authors: Chen Chih-Tung , Vanderby Ray 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Interstitial fluid can significantly affect the bio-environment and electromechanical properties of connective tissues (Grodzinsky, 1983]. Recently, several theories [Lai et al., 1989; Weinbaum et al., 1994] have been developed to describe the movement of ionic interstitial fluid in cartilage and wet bone. Ligaments and tendons, like other connective tissues, are abundant in interstitial fluid and display strong electrokinetic behavior [Chen and Vanderby, 1995]. The goal of this study is to develop a model for fluid pressure and electrokinetic behavior and to validate the model by measuring the strain generated potential (SGP) and fluid pressure in a rabbit patellar tendon (PT).
A Novel Method for Determination of Kinetic Rates of Surface Bound Receptor-Ligand Binding
Authors: Chesla Scott E. , Zhu Cheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cellular adhesion is important to many biological processes. These adhesive interactions are mediated by specific binding of cell surface receptors to their ligands. An important determinant of the receptor-ligand interaction is their kinetic rates. Existing bulk chemistry approaches for measuring rate constants require at least one of the reactants to be in solution. Therefore, at least one molecular species is able to move in three dimensions, and there is no force acting on the bond. This kind of rate constants is referred to as 3-D rates in the present paper. In contrast, in the case of cell adhesion, the motions of both molecular species are restricted to two-dimensional because both receptor and ligand are anchored to a surface (and the kinetic rates are thereby referred to as 2-D rates). In addition, dislodging forces usually exist which affect the dissociation. Because of these differences, the (3-D) rate constants measured via traditional approaches cannot be directly applied to the analysis of receptor-ligand binding kinetics in cell adhesion.
Effects of Applied Detachment Force, Fibronectin Adsorption, and Surface Reaction Stage on Initial Cell Adhesion to Bioactive Glass
Authors: García Andrés J. , Ducheyne Paul , Boettiger David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bone bioactive materials, react with physiological fluids, enhance osseous tissue formation, and bond to bone. Cell adhesion to bioactive materials is one of the events involved in bone bioactivity. The effects of applied detachment force, fibronectin adsorption, and surface reaction treatment on the initial attachment of osteogenic cells to bioactive glass were examined using a spinning disk device. This apparatus applies a range of surface shear stresses while maintaining a uniform surface chemical environment. The number of adherent cells decreased sigmoidally with applied force. The adhesion strength varied linearly with fibronectin surface density. Surface reaction treatment of bioactive glass enhanced fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion but did not affect the amount of adsorbed fibronectin, suggesting changes in the conformation of the adsorbed fibronectin.
Simulation of Turbulent Pulsatile Flow Past a Mechanical Heart Valve
Authors: Bluestein Danny , Schoephoerster Richard T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The thrombogenicity of all mechanical heart valves is primarily due to an activation of platelets. As a blood platelet passes through a mechanical heart valve it is exposed to varying degrees of shear, elongational and turbulent stresses. Numerical simulation of turbulent pulsatile flow through a 2D model of a St. Jude bileaflet valve in the aortic position was obtained, to allow the quantitative examination of the cumulative effects of elevated stresses on the blood platelets. The simulation was used to indicate the potential for stress-induced platelet activation due to anomalous flow patterns produced by the valve, a problem shared by all mechanical heart valves designs in use today.
Characterization of Drug Delivery by a Novel Local Infusion Device
Authors: Lutostansky Elizabeth M. , Ku David N. , Markou Christos , Hanson Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The most widely used synthetic vascular graft is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). In the early post operative period, ePTFE grafts are susceptible to thrombosis. Pharmacological agents, such as heparin, can be used to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. Long-term, systemic heparin is associated with complications such as hemorrhage. However, heparin may be infused locally for extended periods of time without the complications associated with systemic heparin. In addition, the smaller volume of anti-coagulants required for local infusion dramatically reduces costs.
Stability of Human Spine in Prolonged Neutral Postures
Authors: Kiefer A. , Shirazi-Adl A. , Parnianpour M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The normal axial shortening of the thoracolumbar spine, TLS, under the body weight during the diurnal cycle ranges from 0.5 to 2% of the total body height and is fully recuperated during the night in the absence of the vertical load [1]. Workplace automation has led to an increased number of occupations requiring to sustain prolonged seated or standing postures. Epidemiological studies have identified these prolonged static postures as a risk factor in low back disorders [2]. Although, the creep response of the individual spinal motion segments and diurnal variation of the body height have been the subject of numerous studies, the stability requirements of the spinal column in prolonged postures have not been yet fully determined. The objectives of our study are:
(i) to develop a computationally efficient finite element, FE, model describing the overall creep behaviour of the TLS.
(ii) to investigate spinal response in prologued neutral postures
(iii) to determine the effect of spinal creep on the stabilizing muscle forces
(iv) to examine the effect of changes in the lordosis and pelvic rotation on the spinal stability in prolonged neutral postures
Quantification of Moment Arms and Isometric Strength of Neck Muscles in Neutral Head Position
Authors: Li Siping , Vasavada Anita N. , Delp Scott L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The maintenance of head stability is essential during activities of daily living. Yet the head is part of an unstable biomechanical system composed of a heavy mass on top of a flexible cervical column. The stability of the system is achieved through the interplay of a passive subsystem including the ligamentous cervical spine, and an active subsystem including the neck musculature (Panjabi, 1992). Many biomechanical studies have focused on defining kinematics and the strength of ligamentous cervical spine. However, the passive cervical spine does not provide enough support to stabilize the head in the neutral position; neck muscles must generate forces and moments to maintain head stability. Quantification of the moment-generating capacity of the neck muscles will provide insight into the contributions of the neck muscles to head stabilization. The objective of this study was to quantify the moment arms and maximal isometric force-generating capacity of neck muscles in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.
The Effect of Glenohumeral Joint Conformity in the Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Salehi Abraham , Cooper Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A finite element (FE) analysis was performed to study the local sensitivity of the stress components in the polyethylene (poly) glenoid insert to the change in its material stiffness, thickness and the size of the humeral head. The FE results indicated that the magnitudes of the critical stress components in the poly insert increased by increasing its stiffness, decreasing its thickness, and decreasing the size of the humeral head while maintaining a constant spherical radius for the poly insert. Based on this parametric study, the Cofield™ (Smith & Nephew Richards) shoulder was designed to have 2 mm radial mismatch between the glenoid and the humeral head surfaces. This mismatch allows a more normal anatomical motion and induces a low stress level in the glenoid polyethylene insert.
In Vitro Simulation of Knee Joint Mechanics for the Validation of Biomechanical Models
Authors: Wilson David R. , MacWilliams Bruce A. , DesJardins John D. , Chao Edmund Y. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mathematical models that predict such variables as joint contact force and stress, muscle force, ligament force and joint kinematics are vital tools in biomechanical analysis. One of the most exciting applications of biomechanical models is in preoperative planning. One example of such an application is the OASIS system, which has been developed to plan knee osteotomies. A knee osteotomy is performed to correct an abnormal distribution of forces in the tibiofemoral joint. The OASIS model predicts the force distribution in the tibiofemoral joint for a particular site and size of bone wedge. By considering many options, the system predicts the optimal site and size of osteotomy. Preoperative planning for this and other procedures is quickly becoming a viable and cost-effective means of improving surgical procedures. Steady advances in joint imaging, bringing about more accurate geometric representations of joint structures, have allowed the development of models that are increasingly complex. A major drawback of models, particularly those used in preoperative planning, is that the accuracy of their predictions has seldom been confirmed. In this paper, the application of a joint simulator for the validation of knee biomechanical models is discussed.
Effects of Vessel Wall Compliance on Flow and Stress Patterns in Arterial Bends and Bifurcations
Authors: Perktold Karl , Rappitsch Gerhard , Hofer Michael , Karner Gerhard , Andlinger Kurt 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The influence of vessel wall distensibility on arterial flow and stress patters is analysed using computer simulation. The considered models are a curved tube model simulating an artery bend and an anatomically correct human carotid artery bifurcation, where the computational geometric model is generated from an optically digitized cast (Perktold et al., 1995). The description of the fluid dynamics uses the time-dependent 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The vessel wall mechanics is modelled applying geometrically non-linear shell structure. The effect of wall compliance with respect to transient flow separation is quantified using the oscillating shear index (OSI) defined by Ku et al., 1985.
Effects of Time-Varying Curvature due to Myocardial Contraction on Flow in the Coronary Arteries
Authors: Santamarina Aland , Siegel John M. , Moore James E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the cause of most mortality in western countries is a localized disease. This fact has led to the hypothesis that mechanical factors may be involved in the disease development process. In the coronary arteries, an important site of atherosclerosis, the solid and fluid mechanic stresses on the artery wall may be strongly influenced by the large scale movement and deformation that occur due to myocardial contraction.
Geometrical and Mechanical Adaptation of Arteries to Induced Hypertension
Authors: Stergiopulos N. , Rachev A. , Meister J.-J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a phenomenological model for the mechanical and geometrical adaptation of arteries in response to a sudden increase in pressure. Evolution equations for the geometrical parameters describing the zero stress state, the intimal shear stress and the constants of the strain energy function are postulated. Stimuli for the remodeling process are instantaneous differences from control values of the circumferential stress, intimal shear and Peterson modulus. The integration of the evolution equations yields the time course (dynamics) of the geometrical and elastic properties of the artery. Results are in good agreement with published experimental data.
The Effects of Tibial Tuberosity Transfer on the Patellofemoral Joint: A 3-D Simulation
Authors: Cohen Zohara A. , Kwak S. Daniel , Ateshian Gerard A. , Blankevoort Leendert , Henry Jack H. , Grelsamer Ronald P. , Mow Van C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Anterior transfer of the tibial tuberosity has been shown in some clinical studies to relieve anterior knee pain. Maquet (1976) used 2-D analysis of the knee to show that a 2 cm advancement of the tuberosity would cause a 50% reduction in patellofemoral contact force. Fulkerson and colleagues (1990) evaluated the effects of anteromedial tibial tuberosity transfer on cadaver knees using pressure sensitive film and found anteromedialization to be successful at balancing the stresses between medial and lateral facets of the patella and at reducing the overall stress. Other experimental studies, however, have shown tibial tuberosity transfer to be unsuccessful at relieving patella cartilage stresses (Hayes, 1990).
Transition to Turbulence in Physiologically Intermittent Flow in an Aortic Arch Model
Authors: Sato Yoshihide , Koshiba Jun , Oka Kotaro , Tanishita Kazuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Turbulence occurred in the major arteries affects in the development of a variety of pathphysiological process. The purpose of this study is to characterize the transition process in order to understand the nature of turbulence in the aorta. The axial and secondary velocity of intermittent flow in an aortic arch model were measured by Laser Doppler Velocimeter. As a result, for η = 1/2, during the deceleration, at the lower stations of 60 degrees, prominent fluctuations in the axial and secondary flow appear near the inner wall, and the turbulence propagated toward the outer wall in the diastolic period. The turbulence with shorter stationary period appears at earlier phase and nearer to the the entrance.
Incremental-Loading, Plane-Strain Prediction of Dilation Rupture of Atherosclerotic Plaque Within the Coronary Arterial Wall
Authors: Pao Y. C. , Srivatsa S. S. , Ritman E. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The true cross-sectional shape and dimensions of a coronary arterial wall with an atherosclerotic plaque obtained at postmortem, Fig. 1, is utilized for dilation rupture study related to the balloon angioplasty process. Plane-strain, finite-element analysis [1,2] of the shape changes and stress distributions of the cross section are performed by an incremental loading approach. The location of rupture is predicted by a dilation study ranging from 10 kPa to 120 kPa (about 1.2-fold of atmospheric pressure).
A Novel Registration Method for Robot-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Abdel-Malek K. , McGowan D. P. , Goel V. K. , Kowalski D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A generally applicable registration method for orthopaedic internal fixation in conjunction with robotic-assisted intervention is presented. The method uses partial impression material of the bone surface to obtain partial molds. Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the bone surface are obtained. Computed Tomography scans of the mold is also obtained. Both CT scans are digitized and entered into a computer-aided engineering system. Meshing of the two models is accomplished using a computational surface matching algorithm. The matching yields the identification of bone surface coordinates with respect to the partial mold. The identification of the mold with respect to the robot base coordinate system is accomplished by manipulating the robot arm to be inserted into a fixture secured to the partial mold. The joint coordinates are then used to compute the direct kinematics of the manipulator therefore, identifying a coordinate system associated with the fixture.
The Effects of Strength on Simulation of the Trunk Motion
Authors: Parnianpour M. , Shirazi-Adl A. , Wang J. L. , Khayatian B. , Lafferriere G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A computational method is proposed for simulation of the trunk movement. The present study emphasizes the importance of including realistic constraints on the maximum performance of the neuro-muscular system. The application areas of this study are: 1) providing optimized trajectories for biofeedback to patients during the rehabilitation process; and 2) aiding the engineering evaluation in terms of ergonomics and workplace interventions needed to accommodate individuals with prior disability.
Predictions of Knee Torque Based on Measured Torque at the Ski Binding/Boot Interface
Authors: Greenwald Richard M. , Hendee Shonn P. , Kaplan Ben J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Injuries to the knee, in particular to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), continue to be the predominant injury in Alpine skiing, accounting for as many as 42% of all injuries[1]. Conversely, injuries to the tibia and ankle have decreased over the past two decades and now represent a very small fraction of the total injuries in skiing[2]. Ski equipment has been implicated as a possible factor in the significant rise of knee injuries. While standardized testing of Alpine ski bindings is used to determine the functionality of the binding under a variety of applied loading conditions, the models currently used in binding standards are based on protecting the tibia rather than the knee. An understanding of the relationship between forces and moments measured at the ski binding and forces and moments generated at the knee might be useful in determining if there is a role for ski bindings in protecting the knee and reducing the incidence of knee injuries in skiing.
How Many Gait Cycles Are Needed to Obtain Reliable Data?
Authors: Kaufman K. R. , Chambers H. G. , Sutherland D. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Human gait demonstrates stride-to-stride variability. This study quantifies the minimum number of cycles which are required to obtain a precise representation of a subject’s gait during a testing session. Ninety-two clinical studies from 72 subjects were evaluated. Two levels of error were considered. At least seven gait cycles are needed to obtain temporal-distance data which is low in precision, whereas at least 22 gait cycles are needed to obtain more precise data.
Dynamics of Marching With Varying Backpack Loading
Authors: Quesada Peter M. , Mengelkoch Larry J. , Hale Robert C. , Simon Sheldon R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The investigation reported here was undertaken to obtain an improved understanding of kinematic, kinetic, and physiologic effects of marching with varying backpack loading. In addition to addressing the effects of load magnitude, we attempted to consider also biomechanical and phyisiologic changes from the beginning to the latter portion of a march. Such knowledge could be of potential value in development of training protocols that may reduce overuse injury risk, while still fostering desired conditioning.
We obtained kinematic and kinetic data for twelve young, healthy adult males walking with the military’s ACLICE backpack system loaded to 0%, 15%, and 30% of body weight. For each backpack load, biomechanical data were obtained before and after treadmill simulated marches. In addition, various physiological variables were measured during each treadmill march.
The Influence of Loading During Gait on Bone Loss in Preoperative Patients for Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Hurwitz D. E. , Hulet C. H. , Sumner R. D. , Andriacchi T. P. , Galante J. O. , Rosenberg A. G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Extensive periprosthetic bone loss in total hip replacement (THR) has been attributed primarily to stress shielding. However, it is well known that decreased loading can result in bone loss (1). There is also evidence that subjects with a THR walk in an asymmetric manner that reduces the loads on the affected side (2). Decreased loading during daily activities may contribute to periprosthetic bone loss in addition to that due to stress-shielding. This study tested the hypothesis that asymmetries during gait were related to asymmetries in femoral bone mineral density (BMD).