bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Tank Guided Missile System Design Based on an Object Detection Model and a Camera
Authors: Suliman Hamed M. , Kivrak Sinan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFirst-generation anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) mainly rely on the skills of operators to guide them in hitting targets, thus making them inaccurate. However, third-generation ATGMs are affected by electronic disruption and are extremely expensive. For example, the accurate range for anti-tank RPGs is 100 m, while the range of the ATGM Javelin is just 4 km (Lightweight CLU) and the cost is US$249,700 (Lightweight CLU only). However, the range of our system depends on the camera range used, which can exceed 50 km on flat ground, and the cost is a few thousand dollars. In this paper, an object detection model was used to recognize a targeted tank, and the fundamental matrix and triangulation approaches were utilized to determine the location of the target tank. Thus, the produced control circuit is smart, autonomous, accurate, with a wide range, and quite inexpensive. The system was installed on an anti-tank missile, tested indoors, and worked correctly. Using object detection models and computer vision technologies in the weapon industry led to the production of an intelligent weapon that is smart, has more range, and is autonomous.
Using Van Allen Probes and Arase Observations to Develop an Empirical Plasma Density Model in the Inner Zone
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Cunningham G. S. , Ripoll J.‐F. , Malaspina D. M. , Kasahara Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuda S. , Nakamura S. , Tsuchiya F. , Kitahara M. , Kumamoto A. , Shinohara I. , Matsuoka A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new empirical density model is developed for the inner zone between 1 < L < 3 using plasma densities inferred from the upper hybrid resonance on Arase, and hiss‐inferred density values from Van Allen Probes. The Van Allen Probes hiss‐inferred densities are first recalibrated and validated against Arase observations, using both a conjunction event and statistical analyses. The newly developed density model includes dependencies on L, magnetic latitude, and magnetic local time (MLT). Between 1.5 < L < 3.0, the equatorial density variation with L is shown to be equivalent to that of the Ozhogin et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017330) model. However, for L < 1.5, this dependence changes as the plasma density increases at a faster rate with decreasing L. The latitudinal dependence of the plasma density is shown to present a flatter profile than previous models, meaning lower densities extend to higher latitudes. This dependence is well‐modeled by updated fitting coefficients. A clear MLT dependence of the plasma density is identified, which was not found or included in some previous models. This variation is consistent with the diurnal variation of the ionosphere, peaking near MLT = 14 and becoming larger in amplitude with decreasing L. A function describing this MLT dependence is presented. Overall, the new L, latitude, and MLT‐dependent empirical model can provide density values in areas outside the validity region of many previous models, making it a useful resource for accurately determining diffusion coefficients and predicting electron dynamics and their lifetimes in the inner radiation belt.
Bio‐Optical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of a Loop Current Eddy in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Hu Chuanmin , Barnes Brian B. , Liu Yonggang , Kourafalou Vassiliki H. , McGillicuddy Dennis J. , Cannizzaro Jennifer P. , English David C. , Lembke Chad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMulti‐sensor data collected with in situ and satellite instruments during August 2015 were used to understand how the three‐dimensional bio‐optical properties of a Loop Current Eddy (LCE) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) contrast those of the background waters, and how these properties are related to physical and chemical properties. With a surface radius of ∼150 km and vertical extension to 1,400–1,500 m, the LCE was found to have highly stratified waters in two layers, with one lying just below the mixed layer (16 m) and the other coinciding with the pycnocline (∼120–200 m within the eddy). Strong contrasts were found in the bio‐optical properties (chlorophyll‐a concentration, absorption of particulate and dissolved matters, particulate backscattering, and beam‐c attenuation) across the eddy core, eddy edge, and surrounding waters. Absorption coefficients (400 nm) of surface particulate and dissolved matters were ∼4 times higher in the surrounding waters than in the eddy core, while surface reflectance (400 nm) in the eddy core was ∼7 times higher than in the surrounding waters. The magnitude of deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was comparable (0.3–0.33 mg/m3) in all waters, but the depth of DCM in the eddy core (∼115 m) was much deeper than in the surrounding waters (60–75 m). These contrasts were found to correspond to different water masses with different physical (temperature, density, and buoyancy frequency) and chemical properties (salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration), where physical processes (river plume advection and eddy‐induced downwelling) appeared to drive the changes in bio‐optical properties.
A Novel Two‐Step Method for Enforcing Water Budget Closure and an Intercomparison of Budget Closure Correction Methods Based on Satellite Hydrological Products
Authors: Luo Zengliang , Li Huan , Zhang Sihan , Wang Lunche , Wang Shaoqiang , Wang Lizhe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnforcing terrestrial water budget closure is critical for obtaining consistent data sets of budget components to understand the changes and availability of water resources over time. However, most existing budget closure correction methods (BCCs) are significantly affected by errors in the budget‐component products. Moreover, these existing BCCs do not fully account for the preselection of high‐precision input data sets before enforcing the water budget closure, resulting in uncertainties in the budget‐corrected data sets. In this study, a two‐step method was proposed to enforce the water budget closure of satellite‐based hydrological products. First, high‐precision budget‐component data sets were selected and second, the water budget closure of the selected high‐precision data sets was then enforced by proposing an improved BCC strategy, that is, the Minimized Series Deviation method (MSD). The performance of the proposed two‐step method was verified in 24 global basins by comparing it to three existing BCCs of varying complexity, that is, Proportional Redistribution (PR), Constrained Kalman Filter (CKF), and Multiple Collocation (MCL). The results showed that compared to the existing BCCs, the proposed two‐step method significantly improved the accuracy of budget‐corrected data sets in the range of 2%–19% (statistical analysis was based root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) with estimated observation (EO) as a reference). This study also summarized the main factors influencing the performance of the existing BCCs and their further development prospects based on the results. This provides insight into the expansion of theories and methods related to closing the terrestrial water budget.
Targeted metabolomics detects a putatively diagnostic signature in plasma and dried blood spots from head and neck paraganglioma patients
Authors: De Fabritiis Simone , Valentinuzzi Silvia , Piras Gianluca , Cicalini Ilaria , Pieragostino Damiana , Pagotto Sara , Perconti Silvia , Zucchelli Mirco , Schena Alberto , Taschin Elisa , Berteşteanu Gloria Simona , Esposito Diana Liberata , Stigliano Antonio , De Laurenzi Vincenzo , Schiavi Francesca , Sanna Mario , Del Boccio Piero , Verginelli Fabio , Mariani-Costantini Renato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHead and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs), rare chemoresistant tumors curable only with surgery, are strongly influenced by genetic predisposition, hence patients and relatives require lifetime follow-up with MRI and/or PET-CT because of de novo disease risk. This entails exposure to electromagnetic/ionizing radiation, costs, and organizational challenges, because patients and relatives are scattered far from reference centers. Simplified first-line screening strategies are needed. We employed flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry, as used in newborn metabolic screening, to compare the plasma metabolic profile of HNPGL patients (59 samples, 56 cases) and healthy controls (24 samples, 24 cases). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) highlighted a distinctive HNPGL signature, likely reflecting the anaplerotic conversion of the TCA cycle to glutaminolysis and catabolism of branched amino acids, DNA damage and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) accumulation, impairment of fatty acid oxidation, switch towards the Warburg effect and proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) signaling. Statistical analysis of the metabolites that most impacted on PLS-DA was extended to 10 acoustic neuroma and 2 cholesteatoma patients, confirming significant differences relative to the HNPGL plasma metabolomic profile. The best confusion matrix from the ROC curve built on 2 metabolites, dAdo and C26:0-LPC, provided specificity of 94.29% and sensitivity of 89.29%, with positive and negative predictive values of 96.2% and 84.6%, respectively. Analysis of dAdo and C26:0-LPC levels in dried venous and capillary blood confirmed that dAdo, likely deriving from 2′-deoxy-ATP accumulated in HNPGL cells following endogenous genotoxic damage, efficiently discriminated HNPGL patients from healthy controls and acoustic neuroma/cholesteatoma patients on easily manageable dried blood spots.
PELI1 and EGFR cooperate to promote breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Qi Jie , Xu Guangsen , Wu Xiaoxia , Lu Chunhua , Shen Yuemao , Zhao Baobing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPellino-1 (PELI1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase acting as a key regulator for the inflammation and autoimmunity via the ubiquitination of the substrate proteins. There is increasing evidence to support that PELI1 functions as an oncoprotein in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the high expression and oncogenic roles of PELI1 in cancers remains limited. Herein, we revealed a novel regulation mechanism by which PELI1 and EGFR cooperate to promote breast cancer metastasis. EGFR is positively correlated with PELI1 expression in breast cancers, and its activation led to the phosphorylation of PELI1 at Tyr154 and Thr264, which subsequently activated its E3 ubiquitin ligase. Simultaneously, PELI1 physically interacted with and enhanced the stability of EGFR via the K63-linked polyubiquitination in reverse. The co-inhibition of the PELI1-EGFR showed synergetic effect to repress breast cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we identified a compound S62 as a small molecule disruptor of PELI1/EGFR that effectively repressed breast cancer metastasis. Our study not only uncovered the emerging roles of PELI1/EGFR interaction in the progression of breast cancer, but also provided an effective strategy for the inhibition of metastasis in breast cancer.
Sestrin2: multifaceted functions, molecular basis, and its implications in liver diseases
Authors: Lu Chunfeng , Jiang Yiming , Xu Wenxuan , Bao Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSestrin2 (SESN2), a highly conserved stress-responsive protein, can be triggered by various noxious stimuli, such as hypoxia, DNA damage, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. Multiple transcription factors regulate SESN2 expression, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), p53, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), ATF6, etc. Upon induction, SESN2 generally leads to activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). To maintain cellular homeostasis, SESN2 and its downstream molecules directly scavenge reactive oxygen species or indirectly influence the expression patterns of key genes associated with redox, macroautophagy, mitophagy, ER stress, apoptosis, protein synthesis, and inflammation. In liver diseases including acute liver injury, fatty liver diseases, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), SESN2 is abnormally expressed and correlated with disease progression. In NAFLD, SESN2 helps with postponing disease progression through balancing glycolipid metabolism and macroautophagy (lipophagy), and rectifying oxidative damage and ER stress. During hepatic fibrosis, SESN2 represses HSCs activation and intrahepatic inflammation, hindering the occurrence and progress of fibrogenesis. However, the role of SESN2 in HCC is controversial due to its paradoxical pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effects. In conclusion, this review summarizes the biological functions of SESN2 in hypoxia, genotoxic stress, oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation, and specifically emphasizes the pathophysiological significance of SESN2 in liver diseases, aiming to providing a comprehensive understanding for SESN2 as a potential therapeutic target in liver diseases.
DAPL1 prevents epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Ma Xiaoyin , Han Shuxian , Liu Youjia , Chen Yu , Li Pingping , Liu Xiaoyan , Chang Lifu , Chen Ying-ao , Chen Feng , Hou Qiang , Hou Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that can lead to severe vision loss. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PVR remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the expression of death-associated protein-like 1 (DAPL1) is downregulated in PVR membranes and that DAPL1 deficiency promotes EMT in RPE cells in mice. In fact, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated DAPL1 overexpression in RPE cells of Dapl1-deficient mice inhibited EMT in physiological and retinal-detachment states. In a rabbit model of PVR, ARPE-19 cells overexpressing DAPL1 showed reduced ability to induce experimental PVR, and AAV-mediated DAPL1 delivery attenuated the severity of experimental PVR. Furthermore, a mechanistic study revealed that DAPL1 promotes P21 phosphorylation and its stabilization partially through NFκB (RelA) in RPE cells, whereas the knockdown of P21 led to neutralizing effects on DAPL1-dependent EMT inhibition and enhanced the severity of experimental PVR. These results suggest that DAPL1 acts as a novel suppressor of RPE-EMT and has an important role in antagonizing the pathogenesis of experimental PVR. Hence, this finding has implications for understanding the mechanism of and potential therapeutic applications for PVR.
Structural consequences of turnover-induced homocitrate loss in nitrogenase
Authors: Warmack Rebeccah A. , Maggiolo Ailiena O. , Orta Andres , Wenke Belinda B. , Howard James B. , Rees Douglas C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNitrogenase catalyzes the ATP-dependent reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia during the process of biological nitrogen fixation that is essential for sustaining life. The active site FeMo-cofactor contains a [7Fe:1Mo:9S:1C] metallocluster coordinated with an R-homocitrate (HCA) molecule. Here, we establish through single particle cryoEM and chemical analysis of two forms of the Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe-protein – a high pH turnover inactivated species and a ∆NifV variant that cannot synthesize HCA – that loss of HCA is coupled to α-subunit domain and FeMo-cofactor disordering, and formation of a histidine coordination site. We further find a population of the ∆NifV variant complexed to an endogenous protein identified through structural and proteomic approaches as the uncharacterized protein NafT. Recognition by endogenous NafT demonstrates the physiological relevance of the HCA-compromised form, perhaps for cofactor insertion or repair. Our results point towards a dynamic active site in which HCA plays a role in enabling nitrogenase catalysis by facilitating activation of the FeMo-cofactor from a relatively stable form to a state capable of reducing dinitrogen under ambient conditions.
The translating bacterial ribosome at 1.55 Å resolution generated by cryo-EM imaging services
Authors: Fromm Simon A. , O’Connor Kate M. , Purdy Michael , Bhatt Pramod R. , Loughran Gary , Atkins John F. , Jomaa Ahmad , Mattei Simone 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur understanding of protein synthesis has been conceptualised around the structure and function of the bacterial ribosome. This complex macromolecular machine is the target of important antimicrobial drugs, an integral line of defence against infectious diseases. Here, we describe how open access to cryo-electron microscopy facilities combined with bespoke user support enabled structural determination of the translating ribosome from Escherichia coli at 1.55 Å resolution. The obtained structures allow for direct determination of the rRNA sequence to identify ribosome polymorphism sites in the E. coli strain used in this study and enable interpretation of the ribosomal active and peripheral sites at unprecedented resolution. This includes scarcely populated chimeric hybrid states of the ribosome engaged in several tRNA translocation steps resolved at ~2 Å resolution. The current map not only improves our understanding of protein synthesis but also allows for more precise structure-based drug design of antibiotics to tackle rising bacterial resistance.
Single-cell quantification and dose-response of cytosolic siRNA delivery
Authors: Hedlund Hampus , Du Rietz Hampus , Johansson Johanna M. , Eriksson Hanna C. , Zedan Wahed , Huang Linfeng , Wallin Jonas , Wittrup Anders 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndosomal escape and subsequent cytosolic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics is believed to be highly inefficient. Since it has not been possible to quantify cytosolic amounts of delivered siRNA at therapeutic doses, determining delivery bottlenecks and total efficiency has been difficult. Here, we present a confocal microscopy-based method to quantify cytosolic delivery of fluorescently labeled siRNA during lipid-mediated delivery. This method enables detection and quantification of sub-nanomolar cytosolic siRNA release amounts from individual release events with measures of quantitation confidence for each event. Single-cell kinetics of siRNA-mediated knockdown in cells expressing destabilized eGFP unveiled a dose-response relationship with respect to knockdown induction, depth and duration in the range from several hundred to thousands of cytosolic siRNA molecules. Accurate quantification of cytosolic siRNA, and the establishment of the intracellular dose-response relationships, will aid the development and characterization of novel delivery strategies for nucleic acid therapeutics.
Evidence of ghost plagioclase signature induced by kinetic fractionation of europium in the Earth’s mantle
Authors: Tilhac Romain , Hidas Károly , Oliveira Beñat , Garrido Carlos J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCrustal recycling in the Earth’s mantle is fingerprinted by trace-element and isotopic proxies in oceanic basalts. Positive Eu and Sr anomalies in primitive lavas and melt inclusions that are not otherwise enriched in Al2O3are often interpreted as reflecting the presence of recycled, plagioclase-rich oceanic crust in their mantle source – referred to as “ghost plagioclase” signatures. Here, we report natural evidence of Eu anomalies and extreme crystal-scale heterogeneity developed kinetically in mantle peridotite clinopyroxene. Numerical modelling shows that diffusional fractionation between clinopyroxene and melts can account for this intra-crystal heterogeneity and generate Eu anomalies without requiring plagioclase. We demonstrate that kinetically induced Eu anomalies are likely to develop at temperatures, redox conditions and transport timescales compatible with the genesis of mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts. Our results show that, in the absence of converging lines of evidence such as radiogenic isotope data, ghost plagioclase signatures are not an unequivocal proxy for the presence of recycled crust in oceanic basalt sources.
Stress-induced plasticity of a CRH/GABA projection disrupts reward behaviors in mice
Authors: Birnie Matthew T. , Short Annabel K. , de Carvalho Gregory B. , Taniguchi Lara , Gunn Benjamin G. , Pham Aidan L. , Itoga Christy A. , Xu Xiangmin , Chen Lulu Y. , Mahler Stephen V. , Chen Yuncai , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDisrupted operations of the reward circuit underlie major emotional disorders, including depression, which commonly arise following early life stress / adversity (ELA). However, how ELA enduringly impacts reward circuit functions remains unclear. We characterize a stress-sensitive projection connecting basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) that co-expresses GABA and the stress-reactive neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). We identify a crucial role for this projection in executing disrupted reward behaviors provoked by ELA: chemogenetic and optogenetic stimulation of the projection in control male mice suppresses several reward behaviors, recapitulating deficits resulting from ELA and demonstrating the pathway’s contributions to normal reward behaviors. In adult ELA mice, inhibiting–but not stimulating–the projection, restores typical reward behaviors yet has little effect in controls, indicating ELA-induced maladaptive plasticity of this reward-circuit component. Thus, we discover a stress-sensitive, reward inhibiting BLA → NAc projection with unique molecular features, which may provide intervention targets for disabling mental illnesses.
Bright Tm3+-based downshifting luminescence nanoprobe operating around 1800 nm for NIR-IIb and c bioimaging
Authors: Chang Yulei , Chen Haoren , Xie Xiaoyu , Wan Yong , Li Qiqing , Wu Fengxia , Yang Run , Wang Wang , Kong Xianggui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFluorescence bioimaging based on rare-earth-doped nanocrystals (RENCs) in the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–3000 nm) region has aroused intense interest due to deeper penetration depth and clarity. However, their downshifting emission rarely shows sufficient brightness beyond 1600 nm, especially in NIR-IIc. Here, we present a class of thulium (Tm) self-sensitized RENC fluorescence probes that exhibit bright downshifting luminescence at 1600–2100 nm (NIR-IIb/c) for in vivo bioimaging. An inert shell coating minimizes surface quenching and combines strong cross-relaxation, allowing LiTmF4@LiYF4 NPs to emit these intense downshifting emissions by absorbing NIR photons at 800 nm (large Stokes shift ~1000 nm with a absolute quantum yield of ~14.16%) or 1208 nm (NIR-IIin and NIR-IIout). Furthermore, doping with Er3+ for energy trapping achieves four-wavelength NIR irradiation and bright NIR-IIb/c emission. Our results show that Tm-based NPs, as NIR-IIb/c nanoprobes with high signal-to-background ratio and clarity, open new opportunities for future applications and translation into diverse fields.