bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of the prion protein gene in Indonesian goat breeds
Authors: Pakpahan Suhendra , Widayanti Rini , Artama Wayan Tunas , Budisatria I. Gede Suparta , Lühken Gesine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScrapie is a naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and goats. Resistance or susceptibility of small ruminants to classical scrapie is influenced by polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP). PRNP variability in Indonesian indigenous goat breeds has not been investigated so far and therefore was the goal of this study. Sanger sequencing of the PRNP gene coding region in 72 goats of the seven Indonesian breeds Kacang, Gembrong, Samosir, Kejobong, Benggala, Jawarandu, and Peranakan Etawah revealed three amino acid substitutions, namely W102G, H143R, and S240P. Some silent mutations were also found at codons 42 (a/g), 138 (c/t), and 179 (g/t). The PRNP alleles K222 and D/S146 known to have significant protective effects on resistance to classical scrapie in goats were not detected. The allele R143, which may have a moderate protective effect, had a frequency of 12% among the analyzed Indonesian goat breeds. While R143 was missing in Kacang and Benggala, its frequency was highest in the breed Gembrong (32%). No scrapie cases have been reported in Indonesia until now. However, in the case that selection for protective PRNP variants would become a breeding goal, the analyzed breeds will not be very useful resources. Other goat breeds which are present in the country should be investigated regarding resistance to scrapie, too.
Hydraulic Diagnostic Kit for the Automatic Expeditious Survey of in-line Valve Sealing in Long, Large Diameter Transmission Mains
Authors: Capponi Caterina , Brunone Bruno , Maietta Filomena , Meniconi Silvia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn long transmission mains (TMs), maintenance operations and repairs often require the preliminary closure of some of the installed in-line valves. If perfectly sealed, these valves avoid leakage and then the possible emptying of the pipelines, air entry through leaks, and the successive unwanted transients at the filling completion. The poor accessibility of TMs makes the check of the valve sealing quite difficult since in most cases the confined space where they are installed implies the adoption of severe prevention measures. Therefore, expeditious and possibly remote survey procedures are strongly required by pipe system managers. In this paper, an innovative technique based on the execution of safe transient tests is proposed. It is tested on the Dorsale TM – a long, large diameter pipe system – in the northeast of Milan, Italy, where the sealing of three in-line valves had to be checked. The analysis of the test results allows pointing out successfully not only the valves sealing, but also refining a quick and reliable procedure – the so called “diagnostic kit” – that leads the way to automatic and periodic checks of the valve sealing. In the proposed procedure – that can be straightforwardly exported to other TMs – only a single pressure measurement section is required, that significantly simplifies the survey.
On the radiotoxic 210Po in coffee beans worldwide and the impact of roasting and brewing on its extraction into beverages: from the experiments to 210Po content prediction
Authors: Olszewski Grzegorz , Moniakowska Aleksandra , Zhang Dan , Strumińska-Parulska Dagmara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe determined radiotoxic 210Po in roasted coffee beans from different regions worldwide, the beverages, and tried to create the prediction model of 210Po content based on its growth location. Additionally, the experiments on 210Po losses and extraction were performed to describe the actual exposure to 210Po. 210Po concentrations in coffee beans and brews tuned out low (maximally of 0.20 Bq∙kg−1 and 2.31 Bq∙L−1, respectively). We assessed the impact of the roasting process on 210Po content and its losses at a maximum of 56.7%. During infusion experiments, we estimated the extraction of 210Po to the coffee brew at a maximum of 40.6%. The amount of 210Po in the coffee brew depended on the infusion style and water type. We calculated the effective radiation doses from the coffee drink ingestion. Coffee drinking does not contribute significantly to the annual effective radiation dose worldwide.
Graphical Abstract
Carbon footprint of transhumant sheep farms: accounting for natural baseline emissions in Mediterranean systems
Authors: Pardo Guillermo , Casas Raquel , del Prado Agustín , Manzano Pablo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Transhumance has rarely been analyzed through LCA approaches, and there is little evidence about its emissions level when conducted under different practices (by truck or on foot) or compared to sedentary livestock systems. Moreover, mobile pastoralism is strongly linked to natural resources by its seasonal grazing patterns, thereby occupying the niche of wild herbivores. Considering natural emission baselines in these ecosystems could have relevant effects when estimating their carbon footprint.

Materials and methods
Inventory data of 20 sheep farms was collected to estimate the carbon footprint (CF) of lamb meat produced. Farms were divided into three sub-groups representing typical management practices in the region: (1) sedentary (SED), (2) transhumance by truck (THT), and (3) transhumance on foot (THF). Livestock GHG emissions were modeled according to herd structure and IPCC guidelines. Off-farm emissions from external feeds and fuels were accounted based on existent LCA databases. A natural baseline of wild herbivores was established from the population of red deer reported in a hunting preserve, previously considered to be a reference for the natural carrying capacity in Mediterranean ecosystems. GHG emissions of wild herbivores were estimated through two methods based on (1) IPCC guidelines and (2) allometric regression equations.

Results and discussion
Carbon footprint ranged from 16.5 up to 26.9 kgCO2-eq/kg of lamb liveweight (LW). Significant differences were identified among sedentary and transhumant farms, the latter consistently showing lower CF values (SED: 25.1 kg CO2-eq/kg LW, THT: 18.3 kg CO2-eq/kg LW, THF: 18.2 kg CO2-eq/kg LW). Sedentary farms resulted in higher GHG emissions (+ 27%) and higher CO2 and N2O, contributions derived from the consumption of additional feeds. Both methods applied to compute emissions for wild herbivores led to similar results (25.3–26.8 Mg CO2-eq/km2), comparatively lower than estimation for transhumant sheep (47.7 Mg CO2-eq/km2). When considering natural baseline emissions, the CF of transhumant lamb meat is reduced by almost 30%, reaching values quite below those reported for intensive lamb production systems in Spain.

Conclusions
From our results, mobility of grazing livestock can be considered as a strategy promoting climate change mitigation. This is achieved mainly by reducing the need of external feeds, while maximizing the use of local forage resources that otherwise would be difficult to valorize. Further reductions in the CF result when considering natural baseline emissions. The application of this new GHG accounting perspective could have relevant implications when aiming at climate neutrality of grazing-based ruminant systems.
Safe surgical training: evaluation of a national functional endoscopic sinus surgery model simulation course using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model
Authors: Gillanders Sarah Louise , McHugh Alison , Lacy Peter D. , Thornton Mona 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Simulation is a rapidly developing field in modern undergraduate skills education and postgraduate surgical training.

Aim
We aim to evaluate simulation training as a tool for higher surgical training in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study in which a qualitative survey and multiple-choice questionnaire were distributed to otolaryngology trainees pre- and post-FESS training course using simulation models. Participants’ reactions and interpretations of the models were assessed. Pre- and post-simulation knowledge and subjective skills were assessed.

Results
A total of 21 trainees completed the course. Trainees reported simulation models to be accurate representations of human anatomy 95% and easy to use 90%. There was an improvement in anatomical 54 to 62% (Z = 76, p0.03) and procedural 65 to 72% (Z = 87, p0.03) knowledge overall.

Conclusion
Simulation training is an effective method of postgraduate education. This has been particularly useful following reduced operative exposure in the COVID-19 era.
Health risk assessment for particulate matter: application of AirQ+ model in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia
Authors: Arregocés Heli A. , Rojano Roberto , Restrepo Gloria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAir pollution is considered the world’s most important environmental and public health risk. The annual exposure for particulate matter (PM) in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia between 2011 and 2019 was determined using PM records from 25 monitoring stations located within the area. The impact of exposure to particulate matter was assessed through the updated Global Burden of Disease health risk functions using the AirQ+ model for mortality attributable to acute lower respiratory disease (in children ≤ 4 years); mortality in adults aged > 18 years old attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke; and all-cause post-neonatal infant mortality. The proportions of the prevalence of bronchitis in children and the incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults attributable to PM exposure were also estimated for the population at risk. Weather Research and Forecasting-California PUFF (WRF-CALPUFF) modeling systems were used to estimate the spatiotemporal trends and calculate mortality relative risk due to prolonged PM2.5exposure. Proportions of mortality attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5were estimated to be around 11.6% of ALRI deaths in children ≤ 4 years of age, 16.1% for COPD, and 26.6% for IHD in adults. For LC and stroke, annual proportions attributable to PM exposure were estimated to be 9.1% and 18.9%, respectively. An estimated 738 deaths per year are directly attributed to particulate matter pollution. The highest number of deaths per year is recorded in the adult population over 18 years old with a mean of 401 events. The mean risk in terms of the prevalence of bronchitis attributable to air pollution in children was determined to be 109 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The maximum RR values for mortality (up 1.95%) from long-term PM2.5exposure were predicted to correspond to regions downwind to the industrial zone.
Endocrine Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Ignored Clinical Syndrome?
Authors: Mahajan Charu , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Bilotta Federico 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) incurs substantial health and economic burden, as it is the leading reason for death and disability globally. Endocrine abnormalities are no longer considered a rare complication of TBI. The reported prevalence is variable across studies, depending on the time frame of injury, time and type of testing, and variability in hormonal values considered normal across different studies. The present review reports evidence on the endocrine dysfunction that can occur after TBI. Several aspects, including the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical consequences/challenges (in the acute and chronic phases), screening and diagnostic workup, principles of therapeutic management, and insights on future directions/research agenda, are presented. The management of hypopituitarism following TBI involves hormonal replacement therapy. It is essential for health care providers to be aware of this complication because at times, symptoms may be subtle and may be mistaken to be caused by brain injury itself. There is a need for stronger evidence for establishing recommendations for optimum management so that they can be incorporated as standard of care in TBI management.
The Kurdish kaçakçı on the Iran-Turkey border: corruption and survival as EU sponsored counter-smuggling effects
Authors: Augustova Karolina , Suber David Leone 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines people smuggling in the Kurdish borders between Turkey and Iran, and describes how members of local Kurdish border communities use their roles as kaçakçı (smuggler in Turkish) to navigate externalised EU border controls amid internal displacement and poverty. It draws upon ethnographic data collection between 2020 and 2022 in the Turkey-Iran border that has not been considered in studies on the EU-supported external counter-smuggling. This article specifically narrows down on corruption, an often mentioned yet understudied element of smuggling, and discusses the payment of bribes to border officials, and the creation of riskier routes to facilitate border crossing. We show how unequal access to corruption allow some people smuggling attempts to result in relatively uneventful passages while others are permeated by risks and death. While vilified by governments, corruption is also widely known and accepted as a social equalizer: as a safety valve that allows marginalized Kurds – both kaçakçı and border and security guards – to navigate precarity and survive borderland enforcement regimes. Our analysis from the perspectives of Kurds working as kaçakçı in the context of conflict and internal displacement seeks to move away from the dominant lens used in the analysis of people smuggling, which has almost solely examined it as a form of transnational organized crime and/or as an element of externalised border governance.
The Role of Sexual Consent and Past Non-consensual Sexual Experiences on Rape Supportive Attitudes in a Heterosexual Community Sample
Authors: Rollero Chiara , Moyano Nieves , Roccato Michele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between (a) sociodemographic variables, past non-consensual experiences and sexual consent and (b) the endorsement of rape supportive attitudes. A sample of 1042 heterosexual adults (42.4% men) was surveyed. A predictive model indicated that the most relevant predictors of rape supportive attitudes were gender (i.e., being male) and most dimensions from sexual consent such as (Lack of) perceived behavioural control, Sexual consent norms, and Awareness and discussion. On the contrary, holding a positive attitude for the establishment of consent in sexual encounters negatively predicted rape supportive attitudes. The positive association between gender (i.e., being male) and (Lack of) perceived behavioural control was stronger among participants who were not victims of past non-consensual sexual experiences than among participants who were victims of past non-consensual sexual experiences, and the same held true when Positive attitude toward establishing sexual consent was involved in the interaction. These findings may help us understand the role of sexual consent on the attitudes that support violence, which can better guide future prevention programs aimed at reducing them.
How negative emotions influence arithmetic performance: a comparison of young and older adults
Authors: Melani Paola , Fabre Ludovic , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigated the influence of negative emotions on arithmetic problem-solving performance and age-related differences therein. Participants were asked to verify complex multiplication problems that were either true (e.g., 4 × 26 = 104) or false (e.g., 5 × 41 = 201). Half the problems were five problems (e.g., 5 × 28 = 140) and half were non-five problems (e.g., 6 × 36 = 216). False five problems violated the five-rule, the parity-rule, both rules, or no rule. Problems were preceded by emotionally neutral or negative pictures. For true problems, emotions impaired performance while verifying non-five problems in young adults only and while verifying five problems in older adults only. For false five problems, negative emotions influenced young adults’ performance while verifying both-rule and no-rule violation problems but not when verifying parity-rule violation or five-rule violation problems. Negative emotions did not influence older adults’ performance whichever false five problems they solved. These findings suggest that negative emotions may change the mechanisms that participants use to solve arithmetic problems and that emotions influence young and older adults via different mechanisms.
Functional connectivity abnormalities of brain networks in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Fornaro Silvia , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by cognitive abnormalities encompassing several executive processes. Neuroimaging studies highlight functional abnormalities of executive fronto-parietal network (FPN) and default-mode network (DMN) in OCD patients, as well as of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) more specifically. We aim at assessing the presence of functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities of intrinsic brain networks and PFC in OCD, possibly underlying specific computational impairments and clinical manifestations. A systematic review of resting-state fMRI studies investigating FC was conducted in unmedicated OCD patients by querying three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo) up to July 2022 (search terms: “obsessive–compulsive disorder” AND “resting state” AND “fMRI” AND “function* *connect*” AND “task-positive” OR “executive” OR “central executive” OR “executive control” OR “executive-control” OR “cognitive control” OR “attenti*” OR “dorsal attention” OR “ventral attention” OR “frontoparietal” OR “fronto-parietal” OR “default mode” AND “network*” OR “system*”). Collectively, 20 studies were included. A predominantly reduced FC of DMN – often related to increased symptom severity – emerged. Additionally, intra-network FC of FPN was predominantly increased and often positively related to clinical scores. Concerning PFC, a predominant hyper-connectivity of right-sided prefrontal links emerged. Finally, FC of lateral prefrontal areas correlated with specific symptom dimensions. Several sources of heterogeneity in methodology might have affected results in unpredictable ways and were discussed. Such findings might represent endophenotypes of OCD manifestations, possibly reflecting computational impairments and difficulties in engaging in self-referential processes or in disengaging from cognitive control and monitoring processes.
Picard schemes of noncommutative bielliptic surfaces
Authors: Reede Fabian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the nontrivial elements in the Brauer group of a bielliptic surface and show that they can be realized as Azumaya algebras with a simple structure at the generic point of the surface. We go on to study some properties of the noncommutative Picard scheme associated to such an Azumaya algebra.
Limitations of democratic rights during the Covid-19 pandemic—exploring the citizens’ perception and discussions on dangers to democracy in Germany
Authors: Katsanidou Alexia , Kneuer Marianne , Bensmann Felix , Dimitrov Dimitar , Dietze Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe governments’ mitigation measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic are unprecedented in our post-war history. For overcoming this crisis, citizens were expected to act in compliance with these measures in order to control the spread of the virus and keep public health systems functional. This call for protecting the public health at the same time confronted citizens with several and severe limitations of their democratic freedoms and rights: confinement, restriction on freedoms of movement, religion, specific provisions for public protest and finally also limitations to the right of education by school closures. This paper analyzes how citizens perceive the threat the COVID-19 pandemic and especially the mitigation measures posed for democracy. We assume that pandemic waves and pandemic fatigue have an impact on the perception of threat. To see the overall societal picture, we exploit a large-scale archive of online discourse on Twitter out of which we extract democracy-related discourse with the same temporal and geospatial coverage for our investigation. From that data source, we apply computational methods to extract time series data reflecting aggregated opinions and their evolution over time concerned with the correlation of attitudes towards democracy. We them move deeper using a longitudinal panel survey we conducted in November/December 2020, March/April 2021, and July/August 2021. to have a view of the relationship between citizens’ socio-economic status and basic political attitudes. Our multi-method analysis bases on the German case and covers the period from December 2020 to August 2021.
Photodynamische Therapie – aktuelle Trends
Authors: Harpain L. , Radakovic S. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie photodynamische Therapie (PDT) ist eine minimal-invasive Behandlungsoption, welche auf der dynamischen Wechselwirkung von drei Komponenten basiert, einem Photosensibilisator, Lichtenergie und molekularem Sauerstoff. Das Zusammenspiel dieser Komponenten führt einerseits zur Schädigung bzw. Zerstörung des Zielgewebes, andererseits auch zur Aktivierung von immunmodulierenden Prozessen. Die topische PDT wird sowohl als läsionsgerichtete als auch als feldgerichtete Therapie eingesetzt. In der Dermatologie kommt die topische PDT in der Behandlung aktinischer Keratosen, dem Morbus Bowen und dem Basalzellkarzinom, aber auch off-label bei einer Reihe weiterer Indikationen wie Viruswarzen, Lichtalterung, Akne und Leishmaniose zum Einsatz. Als topische Photosensibilisatoren werden Vorläufer des Häm-Biosynthesewegs, insbesondere 5‑Aminolävulinsäure (5-ALA) oder deren Ester, Methylaminolevulinat (MAL), verwendet. Studien der letzten Jahre deuten darauf hin, dass in der Behandlung oberflächlicher nichtmelanozytärer Hauttumoren der Einsatz von Tageslicht als Lichtquelle (Daylight-PDT) zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen führt wie die konventionelle PDT unter Anwendung künstlicher Lichtquellen. Im Allgemeinen wird die PDT sehr gut vertragen, die meisten Nebenwirkungen sind vorübergehender Natur und geringfügig, wobei Schmerz während der Behandlung am häufigsten auftritt. Die seit Einführung der topischen PDT anfangs der 1990er Jahre kontinuierlich zunehmende Zahl präklinischer und klinischer Studien haben die PDT mittlerweile als festen Bestanteil der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in der Dermatologie verankert.