bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-trained artificial intelligence-aided analysis of nanoparticles using the segment anything model
Authors: Monteiro Gabriel A. A. , Monteiro Bruno A. A. , dos Santos Jefersson A. , Wittemann Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Complex structures can be understood as compositions of smaller, more basic elements. The characterization of these structures requires an analysis of their constituents and their spatial configuration. Examples can be found in systems as diverse as galaxies, alloys, living tissues, cells, and even nanoparticles. In the latter field, the most challenging examples are those of subdivided particles and particle-based materials, due to the close proximity of their constituents. The characterization of such nanostructured materials is typically conducted through the utilization of micrographs. Despite the importance of micrograph analysis, the extraction of quantitative data is often constrained. The presented effort demonstrates the morphological characterization of subdivided particles utilizing a pre-trained artificial intelligence model. The results are validated using three types of nanoparticles: nanospheres, dumbbells, and trimers. The automated segmentation of whole particles, as well as their individual subdivisions, is investigated using the Segment Anything Model, which is based on a pre-trained neural network. The subdivisions of the particles are organized into sets, which presents a novel approach in this field. These sets collate data derived from a large ensemble of specific particle domains indicating to which particle each subdomain belongs. The arrangement of subdivisions into sets to characterize complex nanoparticles expands the information gathered from microscopy analysis. The presented method, which employs a pre-trained deep learning model, outperforms traditional techniques by circumventing systemic errors and human bias. It can effectively automate the analysis of particles, thereby providing more accurate and efficient results.
Symmetry-governed dynamics of magnetic skyrmions under field pulses
Authors: Kuchkin Vladyslav M. , Barton-Singer Bruno , Bessarab Pavel F. , Kiselev Nikolai S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Topological magnetic solitons, such as skyrmions, exhibit intriguing particle-like properties that make them attractive for fundamental research and practical applications. While many magnetic systems can host skyrmions as statically stable configurations, chiral magnets stand out for their ability to accommodate a wide diversity of skyrmions with arbitrary topological charges and varied morphologies. Despite extensive investigation, a complete understanding of chiral magnetic skyrmions has remained elusive. We present a classification of all chiral skyrmions, demonstrating three classes based on their response to external magnetic field pulses: stationary, translating, and rotating. We highlight the role of magnetic texture symmetry in this classification. Skyrmions with varied dynamics offer avenues for exploring phenomena like skyrmion-skyrmion scattering that might be crucial for future applications.
A benzothiazole-modified quinoline Schiff base fluorescent probe for selective detection of Zn2+ ions, DFT studies and its application in live cell imaging
Authors: Chen Yutian , Ma Yingying , Li Lin , Sang Wuhan , Feng Sicheng , Wang Yanqin , Zhang Caihua , Yang Shilong , Xu Li , Lu Wen 
Published: January 2025

A benzothiazole-modified quinoline Schiff base fluorescence probe TQ was designed synthesized to detect Zn2+ in living cells and real water samples.
VSDRL: A robust and accurate unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous landing scheme
Authors: Chen Dechao , Shi Chentong , Pan Xiaofeng , Jin Jie , Li Shuai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVisually assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomous landing has drawn a lot of interest as a vital technology with the quick development of UAV systems. From the perspective of robustness, a visual servoing disturbance rejection landing (VSDRL) scheme based on fractional‐order linear active disturbance rejection control is novelly proposed to achieve the disturbance‐resistant landing. The proposed VSDRL scheme is constructed by two modules: (i) A visual positioning algorithm combining YOLOv5 with Kalman filtering to solve the occlusion problem in the visual positioning module obtaining the relative position relationship; (ii) On the basis of linear active disturbance rejection control, fractional order is introduced to improve the antidisturbance ability and response speed. Theoretical analysis, computer simulations and real UAV experiments all verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed VSDRL scheme.
OLODN: An efficient lightweight people detection method for occlusion and crowding scenarios
Authors: Sheng Wei , Liu Mingjian , Li Xiang , Zhang Mingbao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAddressing the real‐time object detection problem for devices with limited computing resources in densely populated and occluded scenarios, a novel occlusion‐aware lightweight object detection network (OLODN) is proposed. This network integrates innovative components to significantly enhance detection efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. Firstly, OLODN employs FasterNet blocks and reparameterised generalised‐FPN to reduce computational complexity and preserve feature extraction and fusion capabilities. Secondly, a reinforced coordination attention mechanism is designed to strengthen the network's ability to capture occlusion boundary information. Additionally, a spatial pyramid pooling feature concatenation module is introduced to integrate multi‐scale features and enhance the algorithm's robustness to occlusions. Lastly, OLODN adopts a task‐aligned one‐stage object detection strategy, optimising the anchor alignment of classification and localisation tasks, effectively improving detection accuracy under occluded conditions. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. On the WiderPerson dataset, OLODN achieved a recall rate of 68.0%, which is 2.8% higher than YOLOv11's 65.2%, while running at 35.3 frames per second (f/s) on CPU and 76.6 f/s on GPU, faster than YOLOv11's 34.1 f/s and 74.5 f/s by 1.2 f/s and 2.1 f/s, respectively.
Detecting clusters and groups of galaxies populating the local Universe in large optical spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Marini I. , Popesso P. , Dolag K. , Bravo M. , Robotham A. , Tempel E. , Li Q. , Yang X. , Csizi B. , Behroozi P. , Biffi V. , Biviano A. , Lamer G. , Malavasi N. , Mazengo D. , Toptun V. 
Published: January 2025

Context. With the advent of wide-field cosmological surveys, samples of hundreds of thousands of spectroscopically confirmed galaxy groups and clusters are becoming available. While these large datasets offer a valuable tool to trace the baryonic matter distribution, controlling systematics in the identification of host dark-matter halos and estimating their properties remains crucial.
Aims. We intend to evaluate the predictions of retrieving the population of cluster and group of galaxies using three group-detection methods on a simulated dataset replicating the GAMA survey selection. Our goal is to understand the systematics and selection effects of each group finder, which will be instrumental for interpreting the unprecedented volume of spectroscopic data from SDSS, GAMA, DESI, and WAVES, and for leveraging optical catalogues in the (X-ray) eROSITA era to quantify the baryonic mass in galaxy groups.
Methods. We simulated a spectroscopic galaxy survey in the local Universe (down to z < 0.2 and stellar mass completeness M⋆ ≥ 109.8 M⊙) using a lightcone based on the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Magneticum. We assessed the completeness and contamination levels of the reconstructed halo catalogues and analysed the reconstructed membership. Finally, we evaluated the halo-mass recovery rate of the group finders and explored potential improvements.
Results. All three group finders demonstrate high completeness levels (> 80%) on the galaxy group and cluster scales, confirming that optical selection is suitable for probing dense regions in the Universe. Contamination at the low-mass end (M200 < 1013 M⊙) is caused by interlopers and fragmentation. Galaxy membership is at least 70% accurate above the group-mass scale; however, inaccuracies can lead to systematic biases in halo-mass determination using the velocity dispersion of galaxy members. We recommend using other halo-mass proxies less affected by contamination – such as total stellar luminosity or mass – to recover accurate halo masses. Further analysis of the cumulative luminosity function of the galaxy members has shown remarkable accuracy in the group finders’ predictions of the galaxy population.
Conclusions. These results confirm the reliability and completeness of the spectroscopic catalogues compiled by these state-of-the-art group finders. This paves the way for studies that require large sets of spectroscopically confirmed galaxy groups and clusters or studies of galaxy evolution in different environments.
The Solar System’s passage through the Radcliffe wave during the middle Miocene
Authors: Maconi E. , Alves J. , Swiggum C. , Ratzenböck S. , Großschedl J. , Köhler P. , Miret-Roig N. , Meingast S. , Konietzka R. , Zucker C. , Goodman A. , Lombardi M. , Knorr G. , Lohmann G. , Forbes J. C. , Burkert A. , Opher M. 
Published: January 2025

Context. As the Solar System orbits the Milky Way, it encounters various Galactic environments, including dense regions of the interstellar medium (ISM). These encounters can compress the heliosphere, exposing parts of the Solar System to the ISM, while also increasing the influx of interstellar dust into the Solar System and Earth’s atmosphere. The discovery of new Galactic structures, such as the Radcliffe wave, raises the question of whether the Sun has encountered any of them.
Aims. The present study investigates the potential passage of the Solar System through the Radcliffe wave gas structure over the past 30 million years (Myr).
Methods. We used a sample of 56 high-quality, young (≤30 Myr) open clusters associated with a region of interest of the Radcliffe wave to trace its motion back and investigate a potential crossing with the Solar System’s past orbit.
Results. We find that the Solar System’s trajectory intersected the Radcliffe wave in the Orion region. We have constrained the timing of this event to between 18.2 and 11.5 Myr ago, with the closest approach occurring between 14.8 and 12.4 Myr ago. Notably, this period coincides with the Middle Miocene climate transition on Earth, providing an interdisciplinary link with paleoclimatology. The potential impact of the crossing of the Radcliffe wave on the climate on Earth is estimated. This crossing could also lead to anomalies in radionuclide abundances, which is an important research topic in the field of geology and nuclear astrophysics.
Frozen and β-equilibrated f and p modes of cold neutron stars: Nuclear metamodel predictions
Authors: Montefusco Gabriele , Antonelli Marco , Gulminelli Francesca 
Published: January 2025

Context. When the chemical re-equilibration timescale is sufficiently long, the normal and quasi-normal mode frequencies of neutron stars should be calculated in the idealised limit that the internal composition of each fluid element is fixed over the oscillation period. However, many studies rely on a barotropic equation of state, implicitly overlooking potential out-of-β-equilibrium effects.
Aims. We investigate potential biases that may arise from the assumption of purely barotropic models in studies of oscillation modes. To address this, we calculated the non-radial fundamental (f) and first pressure (p1) modes for a wide range of neutron star structures, each characterised by different nucleonic equations of state. This approach also yields posterior distributions for the oscillation frequencies, which could be detected by next-generation gravitational wave interferometers.
Methods. A wide range of nuclear equations of state are generated with the metamodel technique, a phenomenological framework that incorporates constraints from astrophysical observations, experimental nuclear physics, and chiral effective field theory. The metamodel also provides the internal composition of β-equilibrated npeμ matter, allowing us to calculate oscillation modes beyond those supported by a purely barotropic fluid.
Results. By exploiting the observed validity of quasi-universal relations, we developed a simple technique to estimate the general relativity corrections in relation to the commonly used Cowling approximation and provide a posterior predictive distribution of expected f- and p1-mode frequencies.
Experimental setup for labyrinth seals: Pressure, temperature, mass flow rate, rotation velocity, and pressure drop simultaneous measurement
Authors: Ribeiro L. N. B. S. , Freire A. D. , Barros G. P. S. , Maffei F. S. , Azevêdo A. S. C. , Siqueira L. O. , Alonso D. H. , Picelli R. , Machado I. F. , de Sá L. F. N. , Martinez C. B. , Meneghini J. R. , Silva E. C. N. 
Published: January 2025

Labyrinth seals (LSs) in turbomachinery are used to minimize leaks. This study presents an experimental setup designed to test and validate LS designs. The test bench (TB) described in this paper can evaluate different LS designs obtained through various methods to find better solutions to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Prototypes with conventional geometry, such as straight-through and interlaced LSs, are initially implemented and tested. A measurement procedure and experimental methodology for collecting leakage data are defined. The experimental methodology includes a measurement TB that supports a pressure difference of up to 5 bar. The leakage rate is measured in g/s using instrumentation that corrects the mass flow rate based on pressure and temperature measurements. The experimental results are compared to the Computational Fluid Dynamics results. Thus, the setup given in this article is a new and versatile TB setup focused on leakage measurement, which allows being used for analyzing various types of LS (with or without rotor structures) and is effective for evaluating the performance of LSs, helping the development of new LS geometries that can reduce GHG emissions.
Polaronic transport and magnetic field dependence of conduction parameters in rGO-CFO nanocomposites
Authors: Manzoor Sadia , Anwar Rohina , Hussain Shahzad , Arshad Zuharia , Darr Jawwad Arshad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we report the AC conductivity σ and magnetoconductivity Δσ of a series of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt ferrite (rGO-CFO) composites in which the mass ratio of rGO:CFO has been systematically varied over six compositions. The conductivity measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 3 MHz showed an anomalous increase with CFO content in the composite, even though the conductivity of CFO is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than that of rGO. Magnetoconductivity measured in fields upto 2000 Oe displayed both negative and positive values depending on the rGO:CFO ratio. Maximum magnetoconductivity of ∼ +14% was obtained at room temperature in a magnetic field of only 750 Oe. Samples having the largest σ and Δσ values also showed significant softening/hardening of the Raman active modes of CFO, indicating polaronic transport in these composites. Fits of σ(f) data to a power law σ(f) = σ
o + Afn
showed that parameters A and n depend strongly on the applied magnetic field. This dependence is qualitatively and quantitatively different for samples that display positive or negative magnetoconductivity. Although the temperature dependence of these conduction parameters has been extensively studied, we have not come across any reports of their magnetic field dependence. Based on these observations we present a surface polaron model in which hybridization of π-orbitals of graphene with surface states of CFO nanoparticles provides for a polaron conduction mechanism through a grid of CFO nanoparticles intercalated with rGO sheets.
High-temporal dynamic self-powered β-Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector
Authors: Wang Lisheng , Zhang Yifan , Dong Junxing , Wang Runchen , Wang Jingzhuo , Wang Zenan , Wang Xianghu , Shen Si , Zhu Hai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this report, we successfully fabricate a high-temporal-response β-Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction ultraviolet (UV) photodetector. A high-quality 2-inch single-crystalline β-Ga2O3 film is grown on GaN template with a GaO
x
buffer layer using plasma-assisted molecule beam epitaxy. Based on the as-grown film, a self-powered heterojunction detector with a unilateral recessed interdigital electrode is constructed. The device exhibits a broad-spectrum UV selective response characteristics with a cut-off edge at 330 nm and achieves a responsivity of 0.7 A W−1 under zero bias. Under a bias of 5 V, the rapid photoresponse rise time and decay time are 30 μs and 10.8 ms, respectively, and the photo-to-dark current ratio reaches 103. Considering the heterojunction energy band structure of β-Ga2O3/GaN, the work function difference of 0.43 eV facilitates electron migration and enables the self-powered operation. These results demonstrate a promising and efficient approach for developing high-performance, self-powered UV photodetectors and offer a robust alternative to conventional high-energy-consuming UV detection systems.
Scaling theory for non-Hermitian topological transitions
Authors: Kartik Y R , R Kumar Ranjith 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the critical properties is essential for determining the physical behavior of topological systems. In this context, scaling theories based on the curvature function in momentum space, the renormalization group (RG) method, and the universality of critical exponents have proven effective. In this work, we develop a scaling theory for non-Hermitian topological states of matter. We utilize the curvature function renormalization group (CRG) method, incorporating biorthonormal vectors for a one dimensional

2
×
2

non-Hermitian Dirac model. This approach allows us to analyze the Wannier state correlation function (WCF) and determine the corresponding localization critical exponent. The CRG method successfully identifies topological phase transitions and locates stable and unstable fixed points. To account for non-Hermitian effects, we construct the curvature function in the generalized Brillouin zone using non-Bloch wave functions, enabling a comprehensive WCF and CRG analysis.
Quantum transport under oscillatory drive with disordered amplitude
Authors: Tiwari Vatsana , Dattagupta Sushanta , Singh Bhakuni Devendra , Sharma Auditya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of non-interacting particles in a one-dimensional tight-binding chain in the presence of an electric field with random amplitude drawn from a Gaussian distribution, and explicitly focus on the nature of quantum transport. We derive an exact expression for the probability propagator and the mean-squared displacement in the clean limit and generalize it for the disordered case using the Liouville operator method. Our analysis reveals that in the presence a random static field, the system follows diffusive transport; however, an increase in the field strength causes a suppression in the transport and thus asymptotically leads towards localization. We further extend the analysis for a time-dependent disordered electric field and show that the dynamics of mean-squared-displacement deviates from the parabolic path as the field strength increases, unlike the clean limit where ballistic transport occurs.
A novel fault diagnosis method based on convolutional neural network with adaptive noise injection
Authors: Xiao Lei , Wang Jun , Liu Ximing , Sun Huanan , Zhao Hailong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In most existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods, noise is considered harmful and may decrease diagnosis accuracy. In contrast to these methods, this study proposes a novel fault diagnosis method with extra noise injection, termed an adaptive-noise-injected convolutional neural network (CNN). Noise is intentionally injected into a CNN model’s softmax layer to improve fault diagnosis accuracy. The injected noise is used in the iteration of the CNN model and adaptively adjusted according to the change in model loss. Bearing datasets from Case Western Reserve University and Paderborn University were used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The robustness of the proposed method was illustrated by injecting Gaussian and uniform noise. By comparing the ablation study results with those of the state-of-the-art methods, and t-test results before and after noise injection, the effectiveness of noise injection in enhancing diagnosis accuracy was demonstrated. The proposed method performed well on small samples and in complex working conditions, and possesses good generalizability and the ability to deal with real-world datasets.
Demonstration of checking an audit trail for a measuring instrument using runtime verification
Authors: Okamoto Junichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An audit trail check is expected to be incorporated as a new task for the verification of a measuring instrument in legal metrology. To prepare for this incorporation, an idea of an audit trail check using runtime verification (RV) and abstract formal specifications were proposed. The idea was to allow an RV tool to judge whether an audit trail satisfied the check formula, and the specification was a template for the check formula. In the present study, we demonstrate this idea. The target of our demonstration is a weighing instrument, which is only defined in a design document and not implemented. We adopt a first-order temporal logic to describe the check formulas and use MONPOLY as an RV tool. For the demonstration, we generate an audit trail of the instrument based on the behavior specified in the design document, derive check formulas from the abstract formal specifications, and then run MONPOLY. This study presents not only the demonstration, but also both our audit trail design for generating an audit trail and the derivation of check formulas. They will be helpful in the implementation of audit trail checks using RV for various measuring instruments.
Fabrication of hierarchical sapphire nanostructures using ultrafast laser induced morphology change
Authors: Cheung Joshua , Chien Kun-Chieh , Sokalski Peter , Shi Li , Chang Chih-Hao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sapphire is an attractive material that stands to benefit from surface functionalization effects stemming from micro/nanostructures. Here we investigate the use of ultrafast lasers for fabricating sapphire nanostructures by exploring the relationship between irradiation parameters, morphology change, and selective etching. In this approach a femtosecond laser pulse is focused on the substrate to change the crystalline morphology to amorphous or polycrystalline, which is characterized by examining different vibrational modes using Raman spectroscopy. The irradiated regions are removed using a subsequent hydrofluoric acid etch. Laser confocal measurements quantify the degree of selective etching. The results indicate a threshold laser pulse intensity required for selective etching. This process was used to fabricate hierarchical sapphire nanostructures over large areas with enhanced hydrophobicity, with an apparent contact angle of 140 degrees, and a high roll-off angle, characteristic of the rose petal effect. Additionally, the structures have high broadband diffuse transmittance of up to 81.8% with low loss, with applications in optical diffusers. Our findings provide new insights into the interplay between the light-matter interactions, where Raman shifts associated with different vibrational modes can predict selective etching. These results advance sapphire nanostructure fabrication, with applications in infrared optics, protective windows, and consumer electronics.