bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Immunological Status in Hemodialysis Patients Post COVID-19 Infection
Authors: El-Shinnawy Howayda Abd El-Hameed , Aref Hayam Mohamed , Abdelgawad Mostafa Abdelnasier , Elkholy Enas Fathe Hassan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is a single-strain RNA virus that typically causes respiratory damage in humans and animals.

Aim of the Work
Detection of the level of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies against covid -19 virus to assess the immunological status of the patients post covid-19 infection and the risk of reinfection with covid -19

Patients and Methods
This study is Cohort study, was carried out Hemodialysis unit in Nephrology department, Ain shams university Hospital and Ain shams specialized Hospital, on 60 of heamodialysis patients divided into these three groups; (Group 1): included 20 patients that have been infected with covid 19 and confirmed positive by PCR test, (Group 2): included 20 patients who were highly suspected infection with covid-19 by CT findings, (Group 3): included 20 patients with no history suggestive of covid-19 infection during the pandemic as acontrol study group.

Results
There is astrong significance between between patients in group A (who are confirmed positive covid 19 infection by pcr test) and group B (who are suspected covid infection by ct or symptoms and laboratory findings) and group C (who are not infected or have symptoms) as regard hospital admission and home isolation. There is a significance between patients in group A (who are confirmed positive covid 19 infection by pcr test) and group B (who are suspected covid infection by ct or symptoms and laboratory findings) and group C (who are not infected or have symptoms) as regard lymphocyte count during infection, and shows that there is no significance between the groups as regard (HB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCS, Platelets). Significance positive Correlation of IgG Titer with age and there is a significance positive correlation of hospital admission duration with BMI in COVID suspected patients by CT (n = 20). There is a significance between duration of infection and IgG titre as patients who were 3 months from infection have strong significans more than who were 6 months or more from infection, and there is no significance between duration of infections and labs findings. There is significance between IgG titre and duration from infection in group A and group B if the duration of infection was less than 6 months or more than 6 months.

Conclusion
There was significance between patients in group A, group B and group C as regard IgG titer. There was significance negative Correlation of IgG Titer and hospital admission duration with lymphocytes count during infection and duration form infection respectively in COVID patients confirmed by PCR (n = 20). There was significance positive Correlation of IgG Titer with age and there was a significance positive correlation of hospital admission duration with BMI in COVID suspected patients by CT (n = 20).
The Assessment of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 as a Non-Invasive Serum Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nashaat Ehab Hassan , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed , Ahmed Ghada Abdelrahman , Fawzy Hadeer Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Liver cirrhosis represents the end stage of several chronic liver injuries. It is characterized by degeneration, regeneration by nodules with loss of lobular architecture, which results in decrease of liver cell mass, portal hypertension and porto-systemic shunt opening.

Aim of the Work
To investigate the diagnostic performance of fibroblast growth factor 19 as a potential novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma for the detection and prognostic stratification of HCC.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study that was conducted on 90 Egyptian participants aged ≥ 18 years old in Internal medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology department Ain Shams University through 6 months.

Results
No statistically significant difference between three groups (control, HCC, CLD) regarding age and sex. There was highly statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding CHILD regarding HB, Platelets, ALT, AST, Albumin, INR and Bilirubin. No statistically significant difference was found between three groups regarding WBCs, creatinine and urea. The mean platelets count was highly significant lower in cirrhotic group than control group but there was no significant difference count the mean platelets count was highly significant lower in cirrhotic group than control group No significant difference was found between HCC and cirrhotic groups regarding platelets count.

Conclusion
FGF19 is promising marker for the diagnosis of HCC.
Impact of Hemodialysis Time Prolongation on Blood Pressure Control
Authors: El-Sharkawy Magdy Mohammed Saed , Teama Nahla Mohamed , Mohsen El-Sharabasy Reem , Soliman Heba Soliman Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Hypertension prevalence among ESRD patients range from 76% to 90%. Sodium & volume overload is among the main mechanisms. Increasing the duration of dialysis time, either by longer session hours or increased sessions, aiming at reducing the dry weight to achieve euvolemia, may be beneficial for individuals who failed to achieve target BP or ideal volume status during standard HD prescription hours. We aim to study the effect of increasing hemodialysis session time on blood pressure control.

Methods
This observational study was conducted on 50 adult clinically stable hypertensive prevalent HD patients on thrice weekly maintenance HD. Patients with secondary causes of hypertension and Patients with decompensated medical conditions were excluded from our study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (A) 25 patients who received longer session hemodialysis session (4.5 hour) and (B) 25 patients HD who received the usual 4 hours session. Revision of antihypertensive medications& dosages, dry weight was reassessed regularly, and they were instructed to restrict their salt intake as much as possible aiming at BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg. they were followed up for a period of 6 months assess changes of pre-dialysis blood pressure to monitor response.

Results
Patients in both groups were age matched, with male sex predominance (64%in groupA&56% in groupB). Patients in both groups underwent their HD sessions mostly through AVF (68% and 92% for group A and B respectively). Ultrafiltration volume declined significantly with longer HD sessions compared to conventional sessions (pvalue &lt;0.001 vs 0.523). Longer HD session time session was associated with highly significant decline in mean SBP, (p-value &lt;0.001). Longer HD session time session was associated with highly statistically significant decline in mean DBP, (p-value &lt;0.001). The decline in mean perdialysis SBP & DBP was -17.27 &-9 mmHg, respectively and the rate of decline of postdialysis SBP & DBP was -6.45 & -12.38 mmHg, respectively at 6th month compared to values in 1st month of follow up period.

Conclusion
Longer HD session duration is associated with better improvement in UF volume, mean SBP&DBP, pre-dialysis SBP&DBP and post-dialysis SBP&DBP as well.
Study of Serum Copeptin Level as a Novel Biomarker Predicting Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C-Infected Patient
Authors: Hussein Emad Ahmad Awad , Mohammed Khaled Abdulhameed , Elessawy Hagar Ahmed Ahmed , El- Sayes Hussein Mohamed Hussein 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
There are many factors that can lead to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, which include viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, sclerosing cholangitis, and common inborn errors of metabolism that include Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Viral hepatitis accounts for the majority of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) worldwide, CLD can progress to significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Objective
To evaluate copeptin as a novel marker in predecting liver fibrosis in HCV infected patient.

Patients and Methods
60 patients were recruited from the Department of Internal Medicine and the Outpatient Clinic of Ain Shams University hospital in the period between June 2020 and June 2021.

Results
We found in our study that copeptin level at cut-off value 6.97 pmol/l with 93.3% sensitivity, 80% specificity,+ve pv82.4, _ve pv 92.3 and accuracy 73% to differentiate cirrhosis (F4) from fibrosis (F3) this was in agreement with Khaled et al., who found that copeptin at cut-off 7 pmol/l with 78%sensitivity, 85%specificity, +ve pv 83 and _ve pv 81 to differentiate compensated cirrhosis group from decompensated cirrhosis groups.

Conclusion
We studied serum level of copeptin in 60 HCV- patients classified in to two group aaccording to fibroscan score as discussed before. concluded for significant increase of serum copeptin in liver cirrhosis group than other fibrosis groups, Also concluded for Copeptin concentrations increase along with the severity of liver disease as well as some of its complication.
Serum Amyloid A as a Surrogate Marker for Mucosal and Histologic Inflammation in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Abdellateef Hatem , Mohamed Inas Elkhedr , Samaan Amira Isaac , Yousef Mahran Allam Abdelhafeez 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a heterogeneous group of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract; Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main recognize dentities.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to assess the correlation between Serum Amyloid A and mucosal inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease

Patients and Methods
This study a prospective cross-sectional single centered study which was carried out on CD patients sought medical advice at Ain Shams outpatient clinics.

Results
Our results showed highly significant relation between SAA and most of symptoms namely fever, abdominal pain, blood in stool, tenesmus, urgency and number of bowel movements. However, there was no statistically significant relation to weight loss. It worth mention that the relation between SAA levels and history of smoking had borderline statistical significance, while the relation to gender was not statistically significant. Finally, our results showed the sentivity of the major studied markers to detect active CD namely SAA, CRP and Calprotectin was 87.9%, 78.8% and 81% respectively while their specificity was 87.9%, 97% and 60% respectively. SAA was the overall best performing biomarker for CD activity in the current results.

Conclusion
We concluded that: SAA levels are always significantly higher in patients with CD activity. SAA levels correlate well with all clinical and laboratory signs of CD activity. SAA has an overall accepted sensitivity and specificity which is compared to CRP and fecal calprotectin. Despite higher sensitivity and specificity, using SAA alone as a marker of activity may not achieve a satisfactory diagnostic performance. It's better to be used in combination with other biomarkers.
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1): A Diagnostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) on Top of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Related Diseases
Authors: Ali-Eldin Zainab Ahmed , Al Baz Hossam Samir , Naguib Gina Gamal , Samy Mina Helal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of cancer in the world and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. More than 80% of its incidence is found in developing countries; rates are more than twice as high in men compared with women. HCC is the most common form among primary liver cancers occurring worldwide, about 70–85% of liver tumors.

Aim of the Work
This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Patients and Methods
This was a prospective study that was conducted on 60 patients and 30 healty control subjects recruited from Al Sahel Teaching Hospital.

Results
Regarding the demographic data, there was no statistically significant difference found between 3 groups regarding age and sex. Tumor Size was &lt; 2 cm in 10.0% of HCC patients, 2 – 3 cm in 56.7% of them & &gt; 5 cm in 33.3% of HCC patients. While number of tumors was Single in 33.3% of HCC patients, 2 – 3 in 30.0% & Multiple masses in 36.7% of patients. PV thrombosis was reported in 30% of patients. Incidence of child score c in our study was significantly higher in HCC Group when compared with Liver Cirrhosis group. According to this study, there was Non statistically significant correlation Between DKKA1 (pg/ml) & each of Age, HB, WBCs, Platelets, ALT, AST, Creat, Urea, Albumin, INR, Bilirubin and AFP in both all patients & Liver Cirrhosis groups. While for HCC group, there was Non statistically significant correlation Between DKKA1(pg/ml), Age, HB, Platelets, ALT, Creat, Urea, Albumin, INR, Bilirubin and AFP, but there was statically significant Positive correlation Between DKKA1(pg/ml), WBCs and AST. Serum DKK1 was significantly higher in HCC group comparing with liver cirrhosis group and control group. According to our study, ROC curve showed that the best cut off point of DKKA1 to detect Liver Cirrhosis group was &gt; 264.9 pg/ml with sensitivity of 56.67%, specificity of 86.67%, PPV of 81.0%, NPV of 66.7%. Another ROC curve showed that the best cut off point of DKKA1 to detect HCC group was found &gt; 453 with sensitivity of 83.33%, specificity of 93.33%, PPV of 92.6%, NPV of 84.8%. Assessment of diagnostic performance of serum DKK1 when used in discriminating Group (HCC) from Group (Liver Cirrhosis), revealed a better diagnostic performance of DKK1) as the best ROC cut-off for DKK1 was &gt; 1674.8 ng/mL, this had a diagnostic sensitivity of 50%, specificity 96.67%, positive predictive value 93.7%, negative predictive value 65.9%.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study suggests that DKK-1 may be a key regulator in HCC progression, a promising potential therapeutic target for HCC. We also demonstrated that serum DDK-1 could be a useful marker for diagnosing HCC.
Association of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Patients: An Egyptian Study
Authors: El Sayed Ashour Engy Yousry , Beshay Amir Helmy Samy , George Tari Magdy Aziz , Salah eldin Noha Osman Ahmed , Faheem Mina Mofreh Ramzy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Non-Alcholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) share common risk factors, such as reduced physical activity, and pathophysiological mechanisms including oxidative stress, low grade inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. COPD severity is also recognized as an independent risk factor of NAFLD. Interestingly, the literature reports a higher prevalence of all-cause liver disease in patients with COPD, but only a small number of patients with NAFLD. Therefore, the specific links between NAFLD and COPD need to be confirmed and further evaluated.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to determine the possible association between Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Patients and Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient clinics at Ain Shams Hospital during a Period 1 year. This study was performed on 60 Egyptian Patients divided into two groups as follow: Group 1:40 Patients diagnosed with COPD (Patients diagnosed by history of disease, smoking history and A ration of post bronchodilator FEV1 10 FVC of less than 70% of the predicted value). Group2: 20 Normal Healthy People (Control Group)

Results
There was no statistically significant difference with p-value &gt;0.05 between both groups as regards age and sex, which indicated proper matching between groups. The present study showed that there was a statistically significant difference with p-value &lt;0.05 between study groups as regards obstructive sleep apnea with high percentage of obstructive sleep apnea among cases. On the other hands, there was no statistically significant difference with p-value &gt;0.05 between both groups as regards smoking and hypertension. The current study showed that there was no statistically significant difference with p-value &gt;0.05 between study groups as regards systolic blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and BMI. On the other hand, there was a statistical significance difference with p-value &lt;0.05 with higher mean of diastolic blood pressure among cases.

Conclusion
This study showed that NAFLD is associated with COPD. Physicians should be aware of possible liver comorbidities in COPD patients and that extrahepatic disease in NAFLD patients may vary more than previously thought. Further studies concerning the biochemical and metabolic mechanisms of NAFLD and COPD are required.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Neutrophil Lymphocytic Ratio in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases
Authors: Badawy Hanan Mahmoud Mohamed , El Baaz Hossam Samir Ibrahim , Badawy Al Ashram Mohamed Nabil , El Akroty Mohamed El Demerdash Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Some patients with NAFLD progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, the precise diagnosis and staging of NAFLD patients is clinically important.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor alpha level and neutrophil lymphocytic ratio with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis stage to liver fibrosis.

Patients and Methods
In the present study, we assess the value of TNF-α and N/L ratio as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. All patients enrolled in the study fulfilled the mentioned inclusion criteria. They all were subjected to history taking and clinical examination upon admission. An informed consent was taken from all patients before enrollment in the study. Privacy of the participants and confidently of the data is preserved. Any unexpected risk appeared during the course of the study were being cleared to the participants and ethical committee on time.

Results
Patients with NASH had lower platelet count, higher INR, higher total bilirubin, higher serum AST, and higher serum ALT, lower serum albumin than normal controls and NAFLD patients. Likewise, patients with NAFLD had lower platelet count, higher INR, higher total bilirubin, higher serum AST, and higher serum ALT, lower serum albumin than normal controls. Patients with NASH had higher serum FBS and serum cholesterol, higher NAFLD score than normal controls and NAFLD patients. Likewise, patients with NAFLD had higher serum FBS and serum cholesterol, higher NAFLD score than normal controls. Patients with NASH had significantly higher values of TNF-α and N/L ratio.

Conclusion
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increasing in parallel with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia and is now regarded as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Serum levels of TNF-α and N/L ratio may represent novel, noninvasive biomarkers of diagnosis and histological disease severity in patients with NAFLD and NASH. And can be a useful predictive marker of liver fibrosis.
The Role of Serum Calgranulin C as a Non-Invasive Marker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: El Nakeeb Noha Abd El Razek , Samir Elbaz Hossam , Rasmy Hany Samir , Ismael Mohamed Fayez Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
IBD has been recognized as a systemic inflammatory entity and as such, it is anticipated to induce changes exceeding the boundaries of bowel mucosa, being reflected in a broader spectrum of tissues, including blood. Calgranulin c is a calcium binding protein with proinflammatory properties. It has been associated with different diseases of inflammatory origin, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In our present study, the utility of serum calgranulin c as marker for inflammatory bowel disease was tested.

Objective
is to evaluate the role of serum calgranulin c as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in IBD patients and to correlate it's level with different biochemical, endoscopic and clinical parameters.

Patients and Methods
Calgranulin c serum levels were determined in 50 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 20 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 73 with functional bowel disorder (IBS). Calgranulin c serum concentrations were analysed using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assay the level of Human S100 Calcium Binding Protein A12(S100A12) in samples.

Results
In the present study we found that the mean serum calgranulin c were 723.640±529.055 ng/ml (range: 63-2000) in UC, 759.233±797.963 ng/ml (range: 110-2000) in CD and 80.850±24.416 ng/mL (range: 52-135) in control group. UC and CD patients had significantly higher serum calgranulin c levels compared to IBS patients with p &lt; 0.001 for both. the best cut-off for serum calgranulin c levels in prediction of IBD was &gt;110 ng/Ml with sensitivity 96.67%, specificity 85.00%, and test accuracy was 97.8%. best cut-off for serum calgranulin c levels in prediction of UC was &gt;135 ng/mL. the best cut-off for serum calgranulin c levels in prediction of CD was &gt;110 ng/Ml. Moreover, the best cut-off for serum calgranulin c levels of &gt; 435 ng/mL could predict activity in UC group depend on UCEIS, depend on ACGUCAI and Erosions and ulcers in endoscopy. another cut off level of Serum calgranulin c in prediction of luminal bleeding in endoscopy in UC patients was &gt;625 ng/ml. the best cut off level of Serum calgranulin c in prediction of activity among CD patients depend on CDAI was &gt;437 ng/ml.

Conclusion
Serum calgranulin c was found to be higher in patients with IBD than with functional bowel disorded (IBS). Levels of serum calgranulin c varied significantly with disease severity in patients with UC and CD. Serum calgranulin c was found to be higher among patients with active CD and UC than those in remission. Serum calgranulin c can be used as a non invasive marker of inflammatory bowel disease. It can distinguish IBD from IBS and can be considered as a maker of activity in IBD patients.