bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glossina swynnertoni(Diptera: Glossinidae): effective population size and breeding structure estimated by mitochondrial diversity
Authors: Marquez J.G. , Malele I.I. , Ouma J.O. , Krafsur E.S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNucleotide diversity was examined at mitochondrialCOIandr16S2loci in eightGlossina swynnertoniAusten collections from northern Tanzania and from a culture maintained by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Eighteen composite haplotypes were observed among 149 flies, two of which were common to all samples and 10 were private. Mean haplotype diversity was 0.59 and nucleotide diversity was 0.0013. There were excess singular haplotypes and mutation-drift disequilibrium suggesting that populations had experienced an earlier bottleneck and subsequent expansion. Factorial correspondence analysis showed that haplotype frequencies varied much more temporally (GST= 0.18) than spatially (GST= 0.04). The estimate of effective population sizeNein Tarangire was a harmonic mean ~50 reproductive flies averaged over ~47 generations. The mean rate of gene flow was estimated to be ~5±1 reproducing females per generation but inflated because of mutation-drift disequilibrium arising from likely earlier bottlenecks.
Effects of carbon dioxide on the searching behaviour of the root-feeding clover weevil Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Johnson S.N. , Zhang X.X. , Crawford J.W. , Gregory P.J. , Hix N.J. , Jarvis S.C. , Murray P.J. , Young I.M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe respiratory emission of CO2 from roots is frequently proposed as an attractant that allows soil-dwelling insects to locate host plant roots, but this role has recently become less certain. CO2 is emitted from many sources other than roots, so does not necessarily indicate the presence of host plants, and because of the high density of roots in the upper soil layers, spatial gradients may not always be perceptible by soil-dwelling insects. The role of CO2 in host location was investigated using the clover root weevil Sitona lepidus Gyllenhall and its host plant white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as a model system. Rhizochamber experiments showed that CO2 concentrations were approximately 1000 ppm around the roots of white clover, but significantly decreased with increasing distance from roots. In behavioural experiments, no evidence was found for any attraction by S. lepidus larvae to point emissions of CO2, regardless of emission rates. Fewer than 15% of larvae were attracted to point emissions of CO2, compared with a control response of 17%. However, fractal analysis of movement paths in constant CO2 concentrations demonstrated that searching by S. lepidus larvae significantly intensified when they experienced CO2 concentrations similar to those found around the roots of white clover (i.e. 1000 ppm). It is suggested that respiratory emissions of CO2 may act as a ‘search trigger’ for S. lepidus, whereby it induces larvae to search a smaller area more intensively, in order to detect location cues that are more specific to their host plant.
Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit flyBactrocera invadens(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa
Authors: Ekesi S. , Nderitu P.W. , Rwomushana I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractField infestation rates of an invasive fruit fly species,Bactrocera invadensDrew Tsuruta & White on mango was determined at different localities in Kenya. At most of the locations and especially at low elevations,B. invadensfrequently shared the same fruit with the indigenous fruit fly speciesCeratitis cosyra(Walker) but often occurred at higher numbers thanC. cosyra. The level of infestation varied with location ranging from 3.0 to 97.2 flies per kg of fruit. There was a significant inverse relationship between numbers of flies per kg of fruit and elevation at which fruit was collected, suggesting thatB. invadensis a predominantly lowland pest. On an artificial diet, development ofB. invadensimmatures lasted 25 days; egg incubation required 1.2 days, larval development 11.1 days and puparia-adult development 12.4 days. About 55% of eggs developed to the adult stage. Life expectancy at pupal eclosion was 75.1 days in females and 86.4 days in males. Average net fecundity and net fertility were 794.6 and 608.1 eggs, respectively, while average daily oviposition was 18.2 eggs. Daily population increase was 11% and mean generation time was 31 days. Results are discussed in relation to the biology and ecology of the insect and in the development of mass rearing and control measures forB. invadens.
Shadows of Kerr–Vaidya-like black holes
Authors: Tan Hai Siong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the shadow boundary curves of rotating time-dependent black hole solutions which have well-defined Kerr and Vaidya limits. These solutions are constructed by applying the Newman–Janis algorithm to a spherically symmetric seed metric conformal to the Vaidya solution with a mass function that is linear in Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates. Equipped with a conformal Killing vector field, this class of solution exhibits separability of null geodesics, thus allowing one to develop an analytic formula for the boundary curve of its shadow. We find a simple power law describing the dependence of the mean radius and asymmetry factor of the shadow on the accretion rate. Applicability of our model to recent Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87

∗

and Sgr A

∗

is also discussed.
Sliced optimal transport on the sphere
Authors: Quellmalz Michael , Beinert Robert , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sliced optimal transport reduces optimal transport on multi-dimensional domains to transport on the line. More precisely, sliced optimal transport is the concatenation of the well-known Radon transform and the cumulative density transform, which analytically yields the solutions of the reduced transport problems. Inspired by this concept, we propose two adaptions for optimal transport on the 2-sphere. Firstly, as counterpart to the Radon transform, we introduce the vertical slice transform, which integrates along all circles orthogonal to a given direction. Secondly, we introduce a semicircle transform, which integrates along all half great circles with an appropriate weight function. Both transforms are generalized to arbitrary measures on the sphere. While the vertical slice transform can be combined with optimal transport on the interval and leads to a sliced Wasserstein distance restricted to even probability measures, the semicircle transform is related to optimal transport on the circle and results in a different sliced Wasserstein distance for arbitrary probability measures. The applicability of both novel sliced optimal transport concepts on the sphere is demonstrated by proof-of-concept examples dealing with the interpolation and classification of spherical probability measures. The numerical implementation relies on the singular value decompositions of both transforms and fast Fourier techniques. For the inversion with respect to probability measures, we propose the minimization of an entropy-regularized Kullback–Leibler divergence, which can be numerically realized using a primal-dual proximal splitting algorithm.
Effects of rolled fibrous microstructure on fatigue properties of extruded Cu-5Al planar micro springs
Authors: Li F Y , Wang X B , Ma S J , Dong X H , Zhang X P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Planar micro spring is an important elastic component in microelectromechanical system devices, and one of its main failures is fatigue. In this work, a new method to improve the cycles of a planar micro spring by introducing pre-rolled fibrous microstructure was proposed. Cu-5Al alloy billets with a fibrous microstructure rolled at room temperature with a reduction ratio of 70% were obtained. Three types of planar micro springs with fibrous microstructure were prepared through extrusion by varying the angle between the fibrous microstructure direction and the extrusion direction. Fatigue tests were conducted using a customized micro-fatigue test system. The best fatigue performance was obtained by preparing the micro springs with the fibrous microstructure direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction, while the worst fatigue performance was obtained by preparing the planar micro springs with the fibrous microstructure direction parallel to the extrusion direction. The fibrous microstructure direction affected the local strain in the micro springs. The fibrous microstructure slightly affected the location of the crack initiation region but significantly affected the area of crack initiation and steady-state expansion region of the micro spring. The fatigue life cycle of extruded Cu-5Al alloy planar micro spring with the pre-rolled fibrous microstructure improved by 58% more than that of extruded Cu-7Al alloy planar micro spring without the pre-rolled fibrous microstructure. Micro spring fatigue life cycle decreased with increasing strain amplitude. This work provides a new approach for preparing planar micro springs with high fatigue performance.
Capillary enhanced phase change in a microfabricated self-oscillating fluidic heat engine (SOFHE)
Authors: Karami Nooshin , Tessier-Poirier Albert , Leveille Étienne , Amnache Amrid , Frechette Luc G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a miniaturized version of a self-oscillating fluidic heat engine (SOFHE) for thermal energy harvesting. This new design includes capillary corners of a square cross-section, as well as an etched capillary path on the bottom wall that improves the performance in terms of stability and mechanical power owing to the enhanced phase change. The engine consists of a vapor bubble trapped in a microchannel by an oscillating liquid plug (acting as a piston) set in motion by periodic evaporation and condensation in the vapor bubble. The underlying physics of the oscillations is similar to those of a single-branch pulsating heat pipe. The channel is microfabricated by anodically bonding a grooved glass wafer (top and sidewalls) to a silicon wafer (bottom wall). To further increase the phase change, two more channels are fabricated with an etched capillary path on the bottom wall at two different widths of 25 and 50 µm and a depth of 100 µm. This is the first miniaturized SOFHE that generates a reliable amplitude in the millimeter range. By measuring the change in the volume of the vapor bubble and the frequency, we calculated the change in pressure using the momentum balance on the liquid plug, and then calculated the work, mechanical power, and power density. We observed that the addition of the etched capillary path at a width of 50 µm increased the amplitude (from 1.6 to 4 mm) leading to a fivefold increase in the generated power (from 8 to 40 µW). This study opens a new path towards designing different wicking structures to maximize the amplitude and power density of the SOFHE, making it a promising thermal energy harvester to power wireless sensors.
Transition metal-doped V-shaped RuO2 103 nanotwins as highly active electrocatalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution in acidic media
Authors: Zhao Huining , Wu Jingjing , Tang Xin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Efficient and stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic environments are essential for hydrogen production through electrolysis. The paper reported the transition metal-doped RuO2 103 nanotwins (RuO2 103-NTs), as cost-effective and high-performance catalysts for acidic OER. The MRu-VO defect models were constructed by introducing transition metal (Ag, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) doped surfaces. Thereinto, the AgRu-VO doped structure exhibited remarkable OER activity in acidic conditions, achieving a reduced overpotential of 0.37 eV. Furthermore, we investigated the synergistic effect of the Ag and oxygen vacancies (VO) in conjunction with grain boundaries. Above results revealed that an increase in the content of Ag and VO resulted in a decrease in structural stability, leading to a more disordered structure. By analyzing the adsorption energy, energy band center and charge transfer in bimetallic-doped NTs, we observed that the presence of MRu-AgRu-VO (M = Mn, Co, Fe) significantly promotes the positive shift of d band center and the increase of charge transfer. This effect ultimately led to a decrease in the overpotential of the rate-determining step to 0.27 eV, thereby enhancing the intrinsic activity of RuO2.
Wideband single-feed dual circularly polarized multi-beam transmitarray antenna based on receiver–transmitter metasurface
Authors: Wu Lin-Xiao , Chen Ke , Yang Wei-Xu , Zheng Yi-Lin , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel metasurface (MS) as well as a generalized dual-circular-polarized (CP) decoupled modulating method are proposed. The proposed MS can realize high-efficiency dual-spin transmissions with equal-magnitude upon left handed circular polarization (LCP) incidence across 9–12.5 GHz. This MS is constructed based on the receiver–transmitter configuration, and the receiver layer composed of an LCP patch resonator while the transmitter layer is a linearly polarized patch resonator. Rotating the receiver and transmitter patches separately can impose identical and conjugated geometric phase modulations for the dual-CP transmission waves, respectively. Hence, through an elaborate combination of the dual geometric phases, totally decoupled and dispersion-less phase modulations for transmitted dual-spin waves can be obtained. As the proof of its uses in practical applications, we have designed a single-feed dual-CP dual-beam transmitarray antenna (TA) and a dual-CP quad-beam TA. The second TA is also fabricated and tested. The measured results are consistent with the simulated results, showing that the TA achieves peak aperture efficiency of 49% at 9.5 GHz, with 1 dB gain bandwidths (BWs) of the dual-CP quad-beams all larger than 24.5% while 3 dB axial ratio BWs all larger than 54.5%. The proposed wideband and high-gain dual-CP multi-beam TAs may have promising prospects for many applications such as vehicle-satellite communication systems, satellite broadcasting and coverage systems.
Tube inner wall defect detection method based on rotary scanning micro laser distance sensor
Authors: An Yang , Liu Xuxiang , Pang Ran , Zhu Xixin , Wang Xiaocen , Qu Zhigang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an inspection device to detect the inner wall defects of oil tubes is proposed, mainly consisting of a micro laser distance sensor and a stepper motor. When the inspection device moves along the axial direction inside the tube, the stepper motor drives the micro laser distance sensor to rotate and scan the inner wall of the tube so that the coordinate data of the 3D point cloud can be obtained. In order to obtain the pose transformation matrix for the laser distance sensor coordinate system with respect to the device flange coordinate system, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced. Finally, experiments are carried out on two real oil tubes and point cloud data are obtained which provide 3D information about the inner walls of the tubes. The measuring error of tube eccentric wear is within 0.2 mm, which verifies the effectiveness of this novel method.
Deep learning-based fluorescence image correction for high spatial resolution precise dosimetry
Authors: Nomura Yusuke , Ashraf M Ramish , Shi Mengying , Xing Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. While radiation-excited fluorescence imaging has great potential to measure absolute 2D dose distributions with high spatial resolution, the fluorescence images are contaminated by noise or artifacts due to Cherenkov light, scattered light or background noise. This study developed a novel deep learning-based model to correct the fluorescence images for accurate dosimetric application. Approach. 181 single-aperture static photon beams were delivered to an acrylic tank containing quinine hemisulfate water solution. The emitted radiation-exited optical signals were detected by a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera to acquire fluorescence images with 0.3 × 0.3 mm2 pixel size. 2D labels of projected dose distributions were obtained by applying forward projection calculation of the 3D dose distributions calculated by a clinical treatment planning system. To calibrate the projected dose distributions for Cherenkov angular dependency, a novel empirical Cherenkov emission calibration method was performed. Total 400-epoch supervised learning was applied to a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the projected dose distributions from fluorescence images, gantry, and collimator angles. Accuracy of the calculated projected dose distributions was evaluated with that of uncorrected or conventional methods by using a few quantitative evaluation metrics. Main results. The projected dose distributions corrected by the empirical Cherenkov emission calibration represented more accurate noise-free images than the uncalibrated distributions. The proposed CNN model provided accurate projected dose distributions. The mean absolute error of the projected dose distributions was improved from 2.02 to 0.766 mm·Gy by the CNN model correction. Moreover, the CNN correction provided higher gamma index passing rates for three different threshold criteria than the conventional methods. Significance. The deep learning-based method improves the accuracy of dose distribution measurements. This technique will also be applied to optical signal denoising or Cherenkov light discrimination in other imaging modalities. This method will provide an accurate dose verification tool with high spatial resolution.
Comparing neutron and helium ion irradiation damage of REBa2Cu3O
7−δ
coated conductor using x-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Adams K , Iliffe W , Nicholls R J , He G , Diaz-Moreno S , Mosselmans F , Fischer D , Eisterer M , Grovenor C R M , Speller S C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the effects of high energy neutron damage on REBa2Cu3O

7
−
δ

(REBCO) coated conductor is of vital importance for the design of the magnetic confinement systems for compact nuclear fusion power plants. However, neutron irradiation campaigns can only be carried out in a few facilities, and the experiments are very slow and expensive partly because the samples become radioactive. Ion irradiation provides an easily accessible alternative route to studying the effects of radiation on high temperature superconductors, which not only increases the volume of technical data that can be obtained but also enables more complex experiments such as in situ cryogenic irradiation. The question is, does ion damage offer a good proxy for neutrons? Here we use high energy resolution fluorescence detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy to probe the effects of fast neutron irradiation on the local environment around the copper ions in the REBCO layer of coated conductor tapes. We find that the spectral changes are similar to those induced by helium ion irradiation, suggesting that both projectiles produce the same types of structural defect in the REBCO lattice, although there is some evidence of an additional type of defect present in the sample heavily damaged by He+ ion irradiation. It is also shown that the linear degradation of superconducting transition temperature (T
c
) of coated conductors with the calculated number of displacements per atom occurs at the same rate for neutrons and helium ions. Together these results provide new evidence suggesting that helium ions can emulate neutron point defect damage in REBCO high temperature superconductor reasonably well, increasing confidence that helium ions could be used as a useful proxy for neutrons in future experiments.
Measuring magnetic 1/f noise in superconducting microstructures and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem
Authors: Herbst M , Fleischmann A , Hengstler D , Mazibrada D , Münch L , Reifenberger A , Ständer C , Enss C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The performance of superconducting devices like qubits, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), and particle detectors is often limited by finite coherence times and

1

/

f

noise. Various types of slow fluctuators in the Josephson junctions and the passive parts of these superconducting circuits can be the cause, and devices usually suffer from a combination of different noise sources, which are hard to disentangle and therefore hard to eliminate. One contribution is magnetic

1

/

f

noise caused by fluctuating magnetic moments of magnetic impurities or dangling bonds in superconducting inductances, surface oxides, insulating oxide layers, and adsorbates. In an effort to further analyze such sources of noise, we have developed an experimental set-up to measure both the complex impedance of superconducting microstructures, and the overall noise picked up by these structures. This allows for important sanity checks by connecting both quantities via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Since these two measurements are sensitive to different types of noise, we are able to identify and quantify individual noise sources. Furthermore, our measurements are not limited by the quantum noise limit of front-end SQUIDs, allowing us to measure noise caused by just a few ppm of impurities in close-by materials. We present measurements of the insulating

SiO

2

layers of our devices, and magnetically doped noble metal layers in the vicinity of the pickup coils at

T
=
40

mK

−
800

mK

and

f
=
1

Hz

−
100

kHz

.
Real-time self-compensation design of suspended FBG sensor in dynamic measurement
Authors: Zhao Kexin , Yu Junchang , Zhang Hongquan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a Kalman filtering method incorporating an indentation model is proposed for noise and indentation problems during dynamic thickness measurement of suspended fiber Bragg gratings sensors. This method not only plays a filtering estimation effect, but also can effectively compensate the indentation error in the contact thickness measurement process. The relevant experimental results show that the method can obtain better compensation values for parts under measurement of various materials and thicknesses, the compensated thickness is in good agreement with the true value, and the average absolute percentage error is not more than 5%. The method is also highly applicable to dynamic measurement processes with high noise levels. Finally, the designed filtering compensation method is applied to an example of scanning sample morphology and achieves excellent results.