bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domains matter: Cross-sectional associations between mental well-being and domain specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour in n=31,818 adults in Scotland
Authors: Niven Ailsa , Strain Tessa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Mental well-being is an important protective factor for health, and interest in the relationship between mental well-being and physical activity and sedentary behaviour is growing. Previous research indicates that domain and type of activity matter to fully understand the relationship, and that the association may differ across levels of mental well-being. This study aimed to investigate the domain-specific associations for physical activity and sedentary behaviours with different levels of mental wellbeing using population-level data.Methods We pooled data from the nationally representative 2012–2019 Scottish Health Survey. Respondents aged ≥ 16 years reported domain-specific physical activity over the previous four weeks and average domain-specific daily sitting time for week and weekend days. Mental wellbeing was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Associations were investigated using cubic spline and multinomial regressions, progressively adjusted for demographic variables, body mass index, self-reported general health, and other movement behaviours.Results The sample comprised of 31,818 adults (52.3% female). The majority (71.2%) had a medium MWB score with 15.2% and 13.5% in the low and high categories respectively. The findings indicated that home-based heavy manual (including gardening and DIY), walking, sport and exercise, and leisure time sitting were all positively associated with mental well-being. There was no association evident for heavy housework or occupational sitting, and high levels of TV/screen time sitting were negatively associated with mental well-being. Activity at work presented a mixed picture. For walking and sport and exercise, the relationship differed by mental well-being level with any increase in activity reducing the likelihood of low mental well-being but only the highest levels of activity increasing the likelihood of high mental well-being.Conclusions The findings of this large population level study extend the argument that domains and types of activity matter, and not all physical activity and sedentary behaviour is equal in terms of mental well-being. Additionally, the relationship between some activity and mental well-being can vary depending on levels of mental-well-being. In order to enhance mental well-being, physical activity and sedentary behaviour messaging and promotion should be nuanced to highlight the most promising activities and target those who may most benefit.
An Unexplored Equity Factor During Pre-Implementation of Contingency Management: Differential Beliefs and Attitudes by Providers’ Ethnicity
Authors: Oluwoye Oladunni , Weeks Douglas L. , McDonell Michael G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Although considered one of the most effective interventions for substance use disorders (SUD), the widespread uptake of contingency management (CM) has remained limited. Prior studies at the provider-level have explored beliefs about CM among SUD treatment providers and have tailored implementation strategies based on identified barriers and training needs. However, there have been no implementation strategies that have actively sought to identify or address potential differences in the beliefs about CM that could be influenced by the cultural background (e.g., ethnicity) of treatment providers. To address this knowledge gap, we examined beliefs about CM among a sample of inpatient and outpatient SUD treatment providers.Methods A cross-sectional survey of SUD treatment providers was completed by 143 respondents. The survey asked respondents about their attitudes toward CM using the Contingency Management Beliefs Questionnaire (CMBQ). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of ethnicity on CMBQ subscale (general barriers, training-related barriers, CM positive-statements) scores.Results Fifty-nine percent of respondents self-identified as non-Hispanic White and 41% as Hispanic. Findings revealed that SUD providers who identified as Hispanic had significantly higher scores on the general barriers (p < .001) and training-related barriers (p = .020) subscales compared to the non-Hispanic White SUD providers. Post-hoc analyses identified differences in the endorsement of specific individual scale items on the general barriers and training-related subscales.Conclusions Dissemination and implementation strategies for CM among treatment providers need to consider equity-related factors at the provider-level that may be associated with the adoption and uptake CM.
Maternal health education and social support needs across the perinatal continuum of care in India: A thematic analysis
Authors: Sharma Preetika , Bagga Rashmi , Khan Maliha , Duggal Mona , Basavarajappa Darshan Hosapatna Basavarajappa Hosapatna , Ahuja Alka , Kankaria Ankita , Diamond-Smith Nadia , Kumar Vijay , Kashyap Manju , Singh Pushpendra , Kaur Jasmeet , Ayadi Alison El 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Social support and maternal education throughout the antenatal, delivery, and postpartum phases contribute to the optimization of health and well-being of mothers and infants. Understanding deficits among support and educational resources can contribute to improved public health decision-making and maternal and child healthcare and wellbeing.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study among 20 postpartum North Indian women to better understand current resources and identify gaps in support across the perinatal continuum of care. Data was analyzed thematically.
Results
Participants in this study have considerably low maternal knowledge surrounding delivery, in addition to low levels of maternal knowledge and social support around postpartum care and practices. Participants received the most social and educational support during the antenatal phase of pregnancy, which is consistent with the implementation of government and community program goals to increase antenatal care among pregnant women. Notable issues among women during these phases involved consent, and satisfaction and comfort with childbirth care. Participant narratives described the important role of both formal and informal support structures in addressing maternal health needs. Formal structures of support include health systems at the community and facility levels whereas informal structures include family, friends, and the community. Participants also relied heavily on advice from formal modes of support including community health workers (ASHAs), midwives, and doctors. While many participants’ support needs were met by their support networks, our study identified certain areas where support needs remained unmet such as post cesarean section diet and care, institutional delivery, support of ASHA etc., in addition to areas of discrepancy between the advice provided compared to evidence-based practices.
Conclusion
This study identified a major lack of informational support during the delivery and postpartum phases of pregnancy, which may lead to complications for pregnant women. Programs targeting improved maternal health and wellbeing throughout the continuum of care need to educate pregnant women more about the institutional delivery process. Additionally, programs need to further supply women with support and education with regard to the postpartum phase, which remains neglected.
Trial registration: This research is part of the formative phase of a larger intervention trial prospectively registered with Clinical trial registry of India. (CTRI/2020/12/029800 [Registered on: 15/12/2020] and clinicaltrials.gov (phase 1: NCT04636398, phase 2: NCT04693585)
Noise Resilient Exceptional-Point Sensing based on Neuromorphic functionalities
Authors: Suntharalingam Arunn , Fernández-Alcázar Lucas , Kononchuk Rodion , Kottos Tsampikos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exceptional point degeneracies (EPD) of linear non-Hermitian systems have been recently utilized for hypersensitive sensing. This proposal exploits the sublinear response that the degenerate frequencies experience once the system is externally perturbed. The enhanced sensitivity, however, might be offset by excess (fundamental and/or technical) noise. Here, we developed a self-oscillating nonlinear platform that supports transitions between two distinct neuromorphic functionalities – one having a spatially symmetric steady-state, and the other with an asymmetric steady-state – and displays nonlinear EPDs (NLEPDs) that can be employed for noise-resilient sensing. The experimental setup incorporates a nonlinear electronic dimer with voltage-sensitive coupling and demonstrates two-orders signal-to-noise enhancement of voltage variation measurements near NLEPDs. Our results resolve a long-standing debate on the efficacy of EPD-sensing in active systems above self-oscillating threshold.
Adherence of Doctors to Diabetes Clinical Guidelines in Sudan
Authors: Abdelgadir Hiba Salah , Altayb Mustafa , Salih Mogahid , Ahmed Mohammed , Abdelgadir Hind Salah , Ahmed Mosab Abdelgader 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Clinical guideline is systemically derived statement that help practitioners to make clinical decision in specific circumstances, and it should be research or evidence based, designed to standardize clinical practice, reducing financial burden on both patient and health care system, offering time and reduce medical error, despite of these benefits there is poor adherence to guideline which lead to decrease quality of health services and un satisfied patients outcome. This study aim to assess adherence of doctors to diabetes clinical guidelines in Sudan .Method A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted during the period from December 2021 to July 2022 on a sample of 465 doctors. Adherence of doctors to diabetes clinical guidelines was measured through online questionnaire. Data analyzed by frequency tables. Chi square test used to determine associations among categorized variables. Logistic regression conducted to determine the relation between adherence to diabetes guidelines and the explanatory variables. All statistical tests were considered significant when p value < 0.05.Results Of the 465 responded, 76.8% were familiar of diabetes clinical guidelines. 72.7% reported the implementation of guidelines recommendations in their practice. 46.5% were following updated guidelines .44.5% were aware about local Sudanese diabetes guidelines. Adherence rate was highly statistically associated with age of the participants (p = 0.000), job title (p = 0.000), department (p = 0.000) and duration of clinical experience (p = 0.000) .Conclusion The study clarify the weakness of health authority in the role of providing easy access to algorithm or regular training program and limitation of facilities which consist the major barrier to familiarity and adherence to clinical guidelines. Establishing posters in hospitals and regular training programs are suggested as important intervention to improve adherence to guideline.
Socio-political cost of accelerating coal phase-out
Authors: Nacke Lola , Vinichenko Vadim , Cherp Aleh , Jakhmola Avi , Jewell Jessica 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

While macroeconomic models highlight rapid coal phase-out as an urgent climate mitigation measure, its socio-political feasibility is unclear. The negative impacts of coal phase-out for companies, workers and coal-dependent regions, and the unequal global distribution of the coal phase-out burden has triggered resistance and calls for just transitions. Here, we construct a database of domestic and international just transition policies and partnerships that compensate affected actors of coal phase-outs. By comparing coal phase-out in countries which have compensation plans with those that don’t, we show that compensation policies are essential to realizing premature retirement of coal. The cost we estimate associated with these policies clarifies the financial cost of making coal phase-out politically feasible. We find that compensation costs are proportional to avoided emissions resulting from coal phase-out and are generally consistent with recent carbon prices. We find that the cost of implementing similar compensation policies in case of 1.5°C -consistent coal phase-out for China and India is 17 times higher than all existing compensation, and roughly comparable to global Official Development Assistance in 2021. We show that in the case of coal phase-out, political will and social acceptance have a tangible economic component which should be factored in to assessing the feasibility of achieving climate targets.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in patients with Fanconi Anemia: A report of late effects and psychosocial adjustment in life
Authors: Ayas Mouhab , Al-Hashem Fatima , Siddiqui Khawar , Al-Jefri Abdullah , Al-Ahmari Ali , GHEMLAS IBRAHIM , ALSAEDI HAWAZEN , AlAnazi Awatif , Khan Saadiya , Qattan Donya , Al-Seraihy Amal 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Stem cell transplantation (HCT) restores normal hematopoiesis in Fanconi anemia patients but survivors remain prone to long-term complications. This study was conducted to review the late effects and psychosocial adjustment in life for long term survivors of FA patients. Medical records of 149 patients with FA who underwent allogeneic HCT were reviewed. Cumulative probabilities of OS at 10- and 15 years were 76.6%±3.6% and 69.8%±4.4% respectively. Median OS time was 22.8 years. Eighty-seven patients were successfully contacted for follow up. Late-effects were reported by 47. The most commonly reported late-effects were hypothyroidism, amenorrhea and ocular problems. About two-third of our alive patients (n = 58, 66.7%) had achieved a minimum of high school education; only three (3.4%) got married. None had children. Of those 45 patients who were above 20 years of age at last contact, 42 (93.3%) were still living with their parents, two (5.0%) had rental accommodation and one female was living independently. Only nine (20%) of recipients who were above 20 years of age were able to secure an employment, two of whom were self-employed. Long term close follow-up is crucial to detect such complications. Psychological and social counseling should be an integral part of their follow up.
Prognostic Significance of positive lymph node regression grade to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yehan , Liu Ying , Guo Peng , Huang Zongyao , Zhou Chengmin , Yang Hong , Qin Sheng , Zhu Jie , Wang Yi , Leng Xuefeng , He Wenwu , Wang Qifeng , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and Purpose To assess the relationship between metastatic lymph node (LN) responder status and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 304 patients with local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received NCRT followed by esophagectomy. For 112 patients with positive node, according to the proportion of residual viable tumor cells area within the whole tumor beds of all metastatic LNs, we classified LN-tumor regression grade (LN-TRG) into four categories: grade 1, 0%; 2, < 10%; 3, 10–50%; 4, > 50%. Patients with grade 1 LN-TRG of were considered LN responders, and those with grades 2–4, as LN nonresponders. Univariate and multivariate analyses of recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated by a Cox regression model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and log-rank test.Results The median follow-up time of a total of 112 patients was 29.6 months. 52 (46.4%) patients have experienced recurrence. In Cox univariate analysis, LN responder status, nerve invasion, and lymphovascular invasion significantly correlated with RFS. Multivariate analysis for RFS revealed that LN responder status (P < 0.05) was an independent prognostic factor. The 3-year RFS rates for patients with LN-TRG of 1 to 4 grades were 72.7%, 76.5%, 37.4%, and 28.5%, respectively, and the median RFS times were not reach, 43.56 months, 28.09 months, 22.77 months, respectively.Conclusions LN responder status is an independent prognostic factor for RFS in esophageal cancer patients who received NCRT.
Exploring learner profiles among low-educated adults in second-chance education: individual differences in quantity and quality of learning motivation and learning strategies used
Authors: Mertens Bea , De Maeyer Sven , Donche Vincent 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Research on learning strategies and learning motivation in different educational contexts has provided valuable insights, but in this field, low-educated adults remain an understudied population. This study addresses this gap by means of a person-oriented approach and seeks to investigate whether quantitatively and qualitatively different learner profiles can be distinguished among low-educated adults in second-chance education (SCE) by relating three key components of learning: learning motivation, regulation and processing strategies. 512 adult learners of six SCE-institutions filled in a Learning and Motivation questionnaire. Latent profile analysis shows the presence of motivational profiles differing both in quantity and quality (i.e., good- versus poor-quality and high- versus low-quantity motivational profiles) and regulatory profiles being distinct in the use of regulation strategies (i.e., self-regulated versus unregulated profiles). Mainly quantitatively different processing profiles were found among low-educated adults (i.e., active, moderate, inactive processing profiles). When integrating all three components of learning, analyses identified two more optimal motivational-learning profiles, combining good-quality motivation with a moderately-active use of self-regulation and processing strategies (i.e., good-quality motivation – self-regulated – active processing profile and good-quality motivation – moderate profile) and two more suboptimal profiles in which poor-quality or low-quantity motivation is combined with the inactive use of self-regulation and processing strategies (i.e., poor-quality motivation – unregulated – inactive processing profile, low-quantity motivation – unregulated – inactive processing profile). A fifth motivational-learning profile exhibits a pattern of poor-quality motivation combined with a moderately-active use of self- regulation and processing strategies.
Puerperal Preeclampsia among Women with no History of Perinatal Preeclampsia
Authors: Mzuri Shaveen , Raouf Nazdar , Shamdeen Maida 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To study the characteristics of delayed puerperal preeclampsia/eclampsia in women after delivery and its clinical management. This multicenter retrospective study involved analysis of cases diagnosed with delayed-onset puerperal preeclampsia/eclampsia upon readmission, from 48 hours-6 weeks after delivery. Total of 170 women were included in the study, out of which 50 were included in case group, and 120 in control group. The identification of cases was made by using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Data were collected by chart review, and the current version of the SPSS software package was used for data analysis. Case group had mostly non-white racial origin women, 16% of whom were found to be smokers with an elevated maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. There was an increased risk factor for readmission in association with gestational diabetes, and 50% in the case group had a C-section for delivery. Greater birth weight is observed in women with delayed puerperal preeclampsia than those in the control group. Multiple gestations were correlated with a higher risk for readmission. About 34% of patients had a prior history of eclamptic fit at home and were admitted with headaches as a typical symptom observed. HELLP syndrome was observed in 10% of patients. Intracranial hemorrhage was secondarily responsible for 4% of maternal deaths, and 8 women were admitted to the ICU. Postpartum women should be monitored for early detection of symptoms of preeclampsia. Especially women with this risk factor need appropriate treatment to reduce maternal mortality.
Distributed Cracking Mechanisms in Micro-Polypropylene Based Textile Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Dey Vikram , Li Anling , Bauchmoyer Jacob , Dittel Gozdem , Gries Thomas , Schaef Steve , Mobasher Barzin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A pultrusion system was developed for manufacturing micro polypropylene textile-reinforced concrete (PP-TRC) composites. Warp-knitted textiles with pillar and tricot knitted patterns were produced from micro multifilament PP yarns and fed into the mortar in a computer-controlled production setup. Instrumented uniaxial tension mechanical tests were conducted on specimens with tricot and pillar knitting patterns of textiles at different volume fractions. Tensile properties of PP-TRC composites were compared to unidirectional fiber composites from a previous study. The strain-hardening mechanism was observed due to the formation of distributed cracking and enhanced tensile response. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was used to measure the crack spacing and width distributions as a function of applied strain. The nature of crack formation shows the extent of parallel cracking in TRC to be more uniform and densely packed compared to the uniaxial PP fiber composites. The homogeneous distribution of cracks is observed in both textile knitting patterns as measured by the distributed cracking parameters. A significant difference between the average crack width-strain curves of pillar and tricot knits is not observed. The strain measured from DIC was correlated with the damage parameters, the sequence of evolution of cracks, crack spacing, and crack width. A procedure is developed to measure the allowable stress at the ultimate crack width limit. Results show that a limit state of 1 mm crack opening will correspond to the maximum allowable stress of 7.5 MPa that corresponds to a nominal strain of about 7% as the limit state for PP-TRC materials.
An economic evaluation of pharmacopuncture versus usual care for chronic neck pain: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Doo-Ri , Kim Eun-San , Song Hyun-Jin , Park Sun-Young , Park Kyoung-Sun , Lee Yoon-Jae , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the cost utility of pharmacopuncture in comparison with usual care for patients with chronic neck pain.Methods A 12-week, multicenter, pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted, and 101 patients suffering from chronic neck pain for more than six months were randomly placed into the pharmacopuncture and usual care groups to receive four weeks of treatment and 12 weeks of follow-up observations. The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated using EQ-5D and SF-6D. Concerning costs in 2019, a primary analysis was performed on societal perspective cost, and an additional analysis was performed on healthcare perspective cost.Results Compared to usual care, pharmacopuncture was superior as it showed a slightly higher QALY and a lower incremental cost of $1,157 from a societal perspective. The probability that pharmacopuncture would be more cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $26,374 was 100%. Pharmacopuncture was also superior from a healthcare perspective, with a lower incremental cost of $26. The probability that pharmacopuncture would be more cost-effective at a WTP of $26,374 was 83.7%.Conclusions Overall, pharmacopuncture for chronic neck pain was found to be more cost-effective compared to usual care, implying that clinicians and policy makers should consider new treatment options for neck pain.