bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040
Authors: Wéber András , Morgan Eileen , Vignat Jerome , Laversanne Mathieu , Pizzato Margherita , Rumgay Harriet , Singh Deependra , Nagy Péter , Kenessey István , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bray Freddie 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesLung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in 2020, responsible for almost one in five (18.0%) deaths. This paper provides an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of LC based on national mortality estimates for 2020 from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and in the context of recent tobacco control policies.Design and settingFor this descriptive study, age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 person-years of LC for 185 countries by sex were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database and stratified by Human Development Index (HDI). LC deaths were projected to 2040 based on demographic changes alongside scenarios of annually increasing, stable or decreasing rates from the baseline year of 2020.ResultsLC mortality rates exhibited marked variations by geography and sex. Low HDI countries, many of them within sub-Saharan Africa, tend to have low levels of mortality and an upward trend in LC deaths is predicted for both sexes until 2040 according to demographic projections, irrespective of trends in rates. In very high HDI countries, including Europe, Northern America and Australia/New Zealand, there are broadly decreasing trends in men whereas in women, rates are still increasing or reaching a plateau.ConclusionThe current and future burden of LC in a country or region largely depends on the present trajectory of the smoking epidemic in its constituent populations, with distinct gender differences in smoking patterns, both in transitioning and transitioned countries. Further elevations in LC mortality are expected worldwide, raising important social and political questions, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and multidrug resistance of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolated from clinical samples at a tertiary care teaching hospital: an observational, cross-sectional study from the Himalayan country, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Prashant , Basyal Deepak , Rai Junu Richhinbung , Bharati Laxman , Budthapa Arjun , Gharti Kul Prasad , Sah Shiv Kumar 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolated from the clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.MethodsCross-sectional, observational study design.Study settingThe study was carried out at a tertiary care facility, the largest public hospital, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal.ParticipantsA total of 7433 clinical samples from hospital inpatients and outpatients available in the TUTH microbiology laboratory were examined. The study included clinical samples from the patients of either sex and across all age groups that had been clinically determined to haveS. aureusinfections.ResultsOf 7433 clinical samples analysed,S. aureuswas recovered from 499 (6.71%). The prevalence of MRSA was discovered to be 26.4% (95% CI 21.6% to 30.4%). The major sources of MRSA were pus, 71 (18.5%). MRSA isolates encountered 100% resistance to penicillin and cloxacillin, followed by ciprofloxacin (80.5%), erythromycin (79.8%), cephalexin (64.9%), cotrimoxazole (61.1%) and clindamycin (58.5%). Chloramphenicol (17.9%), and gentamicin (27.4%), on the other hand, exhibited minimal resistance. None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin (0.0%). Prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was markedly higher in MRSA, 94.05% (95% CI 89.4% to 98.6%), compared with methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus, 52.12% (95% CI 46.2% to 57.8%).ConclusionOur study indicated a high rate of MRSA and MDR-SA (Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) prevalence in a Nepalese tertiary care hospital. Therefore, given the widespread burden of MRSA and the threat of the emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, there is a need for the development, adoption and enforcement of appropriate control policies in these hospital settings. Regular surveillance, reporting mechanism as well as prudent use of antimicrobial agents are crucial to combating the progression of MDR-MRSA prevalence and antibiotic resistance.
Determining key clinical predictors for chronic ankle instability and return to sports with cost of illness analysis: protocol of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wagemans Jente , Taeymans Jan , Kuppens Kevin , Baur Heiner , Bleakley Chris , Vissers Dirk 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAnkle sprains are common in sports and the general population. Although considered innocuous, a large proportion has residual complaints such as recurrent ankle sprains and develop chronic ankle instability. Although some predicting factors are identified, there is no unequivocality regarding the development of chronic ankle instability, nor about the optimal rehabilitation for an acute ankle sprain. Alongside the biomechanical impairments, ankle sprains are a burden on society due to substantial economic costs. Therefore, we aim to identify key clinical predictors of chronic ankle instability or recovery after acute lateral ankle sprain. Additionally, we aim to determine cost-of-illness of patients who developed chronic ankle instability.Methods and analysisThis prospective cohort study (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT05637008- pre-results) aims to recruit adult (18–55 years) patients with an acute lateral ankle sprain who are active in sports. Clinical assessments and patient-reported outcome measures will be used to collect data at 7–14 days, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 12 months after enrolment in the study. The primary outcome will be chronic ankle instability at 12-month follow-up. Salient outcomes will be analysed by logistic regression to determine association with the development of chronic ankle instability. Participants will fill in a cost diary containing direct and indirect costs related to their injury.Ethics and disseminationsThe ethical committee of the Antwerp University Hospital (B3002022000138) has given approval of the protocol and consent forms on 10 October 2022. We perform this study according to the Helsinki Declaration. We will present results at conferences or webinars and publish in peer-reviewed articles.NCT05637008.
Applying dyadic digital psychological interventions for reducing caregiver burden in the illness context: a systematic review and a meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Semonella Michelle , Bertuzzi Vanessa , Dekel Rachel , Andersson Gerhard , Pietrabissa Giada , Vilchinsky Noa 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionProviding informal care to one’s romantic partner who is ill may become a highly distressing and demanding task. Based on the innovative dyadic coping model, several support interventions have been developed to alleviate informal caregivers’ burden, including both caregivers’ and care receivers’ needs. Considering the unique challenges characterising the caregiving phenomenon, such as geographical barriers and time restrictions, digital solutions should be considered. However, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of dyadic digital solutions. Thus, this review aims to examine the existing literature on the efficacy of dyadic digital psychological interventions designed for caregivers and their care-receivers couples within the illness context.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials targeting caregivers’ burden among dyads of informal caregivers and care receivers will be identified via an electronic search of the following databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Cinhal, Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and supplemented by hand searching of previous systematic reviews. The search will be undertaken following the PICO (population, intervention, comparison and outcome) elements. If possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted to examine: (1) the effectiveness of dyadic digital psychological interventions for reducing caregivers’ burden (primary outcome) among caregivers who are in a romantic relationship with the care receivers; (2) the effectiveness of dyadic digital psychological interventions on secondary outcomes such as anxiety, depression, stress, quality of life, well-being and self-efficacy among caregivers and care receivers; and (3) moderating effects of clinical and methodological factors on caregivers’ burden. Prior to inclusion in the review, retrieved papers will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will assess the risk of bias for randomised controlled trials.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations at academic conferences and lay summaries for various stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022299125.
Prenatal iodine supplementation and early childhood neurodevelopment: the PoppiE trial – study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Best Karen P , Gould Jacqueline F , Makrides Maria , Sullivan Thomas , Cheong Jeanie , Zhou Shao J , Kane Stefan , Safa Huda , Sparks A , Doyle Lex W , McPhee A J , Nippita Tanya A C , Afzali Hossein H A , Grivell Rosalie , Mackerras D , Knight E , Wood Simon , Green Tim 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionObservational studies suggest both low and high iodine intakes in pregnancy are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This raises concern that current universal iodine supplement recommendations for pregnant women in populations considered to be iodine sufficient may negatively impact child neurodevelopment. We aim to determine the effect of reducing iodine intake from supplements for women who have adequate iodine intake from food on the cognitive development of children at 24 months of age.Methods and analysisA multicentre, randomised, controlled, clinician, researcher and participant blinded trial with two parallel groups. Using a hybrid decentralised clinical trial model, 754 women (377 per group) less than 13 weeks’ gestation with an iodine intake of ≥165 µg/day from food will be randomised to receive either a low iodine (20 µg/day) multivitamin and mineral supplement or an identical supplement containing 200) µg/day (amount commonly used in prenatal supplements in Australia), from enrolment until delivery. The primary outcome is the developmental quotient of infants at 24 months of age assessed with the Cognitive Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, fourth edition. Secondary outcomes include infant language and motor development; behavioural and emotional development; maternal and infant clinical outcomes and health service utilisation of children. Cognitive scores will be compared between groups using linear regression, with adjustment for location of enrolment and the treatment effect described as a mean difference with 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted from the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Research Ethics Committee (HREC/17/WCHN/187). The results of this trial will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04586348.
Routine antibiotics for infants less than 6 months of age with growth failure/faltering: a systematic review
Authors: Imdad Aamer , Chen Fanny F , François Melissa , Sana Momal , Tanner-Smith Emily , Smith Abigail , Tsistinas Olivia , Das Jai K , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis systematic review commissioned by WHO aimed to synthesise evidence from current literature on the effects of systematically given, routine use of antibiotics for infants under 6 months of age with growth failure/faltering.SettingsLow-income and middle-income countries.ParticipantsThe study population was infants less than 6 months of age with growth failure/faltering.InterventionThe intervention group was infants who received no antibiotics or antibiotics other than those recommended in 2013 guidelines by WHO to treat childhood severe acute malnutrition. The comparison group was infants who received antibiotics according to the aforementioned guidelines.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes: clinical deterioration, antimicrobial resistance, recovery from comorbidity, adverse events, markers of intestinal inflammation, markers of systemic inflammation, hospital-acquired infections and non-response. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was considered to report the overall evidence quality for an outcome.ResultsWe screened 5137 titles and abstracts and reviewed the full text of 157 studies. None of the studies from the literature search qualified to answer the question for this systematic review.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of evidence on the routine use of antibiotics for the treatment of malnutrition in infants less than 6 months of age. Future studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to assess the potential risks and benefits of antibiotics in malnourished infants under 6 months of age.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021277073.
Validity of patients' online reviews at direct-to-consumer teleconsultation platforms: a protocol for a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardised patients
Authors: Xie Yunyun , He Wenjun , Wan Yuting , Luo Huanyuan , Cai Yiyuan , Gong Wenjie , Liu Siyuan , Zhong Dongmei , Hu Wenping , Zhang Lanping , Li Jiaqi , Zhao Qing , Lv Sensen , Li Chunping , Zhang Zhang , Li Changchang , Chen Xiaoshan , Huang Wangqing , Wang Yutong , Xu Dong 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAs direct-to-consumer teleconsultation (hereafter referred to as ‘teleconsultation’) has gained popularity, an increasing number of patients have been leaving online reviews of their teleconsultation experiences. These reviews can help guide patients in identifying doctors for teleconsultation. However, few studies have examined the validity of online reviews in assessing the quality of teleconsultation against a gold standard. Therefore, we aim to use unannounced standardised patients (USPs) to validate online reviews in assessing both the technical and patient-centred quality of teleconsultations. We hypothesise that online review results will be more consistent with the patient-centred quality, rather than the technical quality, as assessed by the USPs.Methods and analysisIn this cross-sectional study, USPs representing 11 common primary care conditions will randomly visit 253 physicians via the three largest teleconsultation platforms in China. Each physician will receive a text-based and a voice/video-based USP visit, resulting in a total of 506 USP visits. The USP will complete a quality checklist to assess the proportion of clinical practice guideline-recommended items during teleconsultation. After each visit, the USP will also complete the Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness Rating. The USP-assessed results will be compared with online review results using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). If ICC >0.4 (p<0.05), we will assume reasonable concordance between the USP-assessed quality and online reviews. Furthermore, we will use correlation analysis, Lin’s Coordinated Correlation Coefficient and Kappa as supplementary analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Southern Medical University (#Southern Medical Audit (2022) No. 013). Results will be actively disseminated through print and social media, and USP tools will be made available for other researchers.Trial registrationThe study has been registered at the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2200062975).
Burden of opioid toxicity death in the fentanyl-dominant era for people who experience incarceration in Ontario, Canada, 2015–2020: a whole population retrospective cohort study
Authors: Butler Amanda , Croxford Ruth , Bodkin Claire , Akbari Hanaya , Bayoumi Ahmed M , Bondy Susan J , Guenter Dale , McLeod Katherine E , Gomes Tara , Kanagalingam Tharsan , Kiefer Lori A , Orkin Aaron Michael , Owusu-Bempah Akwasi , Regenstreif Leonora , Kouyoumdjian Fiona 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo describe mortality due to opioid toxicity among people who experienced incarceration in Ontario between 2015 and 2020, during the fentanyl-dominant era.DesignIn this retrospective cohort study, we linked Ontario coronial data on opioid toxicity deaths between 2015 and 2020 with correctional data for adults incarcerated in Ontario provincial correctional facilities.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsWhole population data.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was opioid toxicity death and the exposure was any incarceration in a provincial correctional facility between 2015 and 2020. We calculated crude death rates and age-standardised mortality ratios (SMR).ResultsBetween 2015 and 2020, 8460 people died from opioid toxicity in Ontario. Of those, 2207 (26.1%) were exposed to incarceration during the study period. Among those exposed to incarceration during the study period (n=1 29 152), 1.7% died from opioid toxicity during this period. Crude opioid toxicity death rates per 10 000 persons years were 43.6 (95% CI=41.8 to 45.5) for those exposed to incarceration and 0.95 (95% CI=0.93 to 0.97) for those not exposed. Compared with those not exposed, the SMR for people exposed to incarceration was 31.2 (95% CI=29.8 to 32.6), and differed by sex, at 28.1 (95% CI=26.7 to 29.5) for males and 77.7 (95% CI=69.6 to 85.9) for females. For those exposed to incarceration who died from opioid toxicity, 10.6% died within 14 days of release and the risk was highest between days 4 and 7 postrelease, at 288.1 per 10 000 person years (95% CI=227.8 to 348.1).ConclusionsThe risk of opioid toxicity death is many times higher for people who experience incarceration compared with others in Ontario. Risk is markedly elevated in the week after release, and women who experience incarceration have a substantially higher SMR than men who experience incarceration. Initiatives to prevent deaths should consider programmes and policies in correctional facilities to address high risk on release.
FIND Stroke Recovery Study (FIND): rationale and protocol for a longitudinal observational cohort study of trajectories of recovery and biomarkers poststroke
Authors: Brännmark Cecilia , Klasson Sofia , Stanne Tara M , Samuelsson Hans , Alt Murphy Margit , Sunnerhagen Katharina S , Åberg N. David , Jalnefjord Oscar , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella , Jood Katarina , Tatlisumak Turgut , Jern Christina 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionComprehensive studies mapping domain-specific trajectories of recovery after stroke and biomarkers reflecting these processes are scarce. We, therefore, initiated an exploratory prospective observational study of stroke cases with repeated evaluation, theFIND Stroke Recovery Study. We aim to capture trajectories of recovery from different impairments, including cognition, in combination with broad profiling of blood and imaging biomarkers of the recovery.Methods and analysisWe recruit individuals with first-ever stroke at the stroke unit at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, to FIND. The inclusion started early 2018 and we aim to enrol minimum 500 patients. Neurological and cognitive impairments across multiple domains are assessed using validated clinical assessment methods, advanced neuroimaging is performed and blood samples for biomarker measuring (protein, RNA and DNA) at inclusion and follow-up visits at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years poststroke. At baseline and at each follow-up visit, we also register clinical variables known to influence outcomes such as prestroke functioning, stroke severity, acute interventions, rehabilitation, other treatments, socioeconomic status, infections (including COVID-19) and other comorbidities. Recurrent stroke and other major vascular events are identified continuously in national registers.Ethics and disseminationFIND composes a unique stroke cohort with detailed phenotyping, repetitive assessments of outcomes across multiple neurological and cognitive domains and patient-reported outcomes as well as blood and imaging biomarker profiling. Ethical approval for the FIND study has been obtained from the Regional Ethics Review Board in Gothenburg and the Swedish Ethics Review Board. The results of this exploratory study will provide novel data on the time course of recovery and biomarkers after stroke. The description of this protocol will inform the stroke research community of our ongoing study and facilitate comparisons with other data sets.Trial registration numberThe protocol is registered athttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov, Study ID:NCT05708807.
Sample suitability and stability in different blood collection tubes for methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone and glycols analysis
Authors: Cui Leonardo , Swanwick John G. , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2023

AimTo systematically examine the sample suitability and stability for volatile alcohols (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol with its metabolite acetone) and glycols (ethylene/propylene glycols, EG/PG) in different collection tubes.MethodTwo pools of whole blood were created and spiked with two levels of volatile alcohols and EG/PG. The spiked whole blood was added to six different blood collection tubes and were kept at different storage conditions. An aliquot was prepared from baseline replicates. Concentrations of volatile alcohols and glycols were analysed by gas chromatography.ResultsAll blood collection tubes have demonstrated similar performance over different storage conditions, that is, to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05) with the only exception of PG at the high concentration of day 7 at 4°C condition (p<0.05 but clinically insignificant as <clinical acceptable limit (CAL) of 25%). Compared with the baseline, most volatile alcohols showed statistical significance (p<0.05) but were clinically stable for all storage conditions (biases<CAL). Similarly, compared with day 1, most EG/PG were stable up to 28 days at −20°C. Aliquoted samples were clinically stable up to 28 days at −20°C.ConclusionGrey/red/lavender, serum separator tube, plasma separator tube and the newly developed Barricor tubes are all suitable for volatile alcohols and EG/PG analysis. Primary samples are stable for 2 days room temperature, 14 days at 4°C and 28 days at −20°C for volatile alcohols, and 2 days room temperature, 7 days at 4°C, and 28 days at −20°C for EG. Aliquoted samples are stable up to 28 days at −20°C for all volatile alcohols and glycols.
Simulation software of the JUNO experiment
Authors: Lin Tao , Hu Yuxiang , Yu Miao , Zhang Haosen , Blyth Simon Charles , Wang Yaoguang , Lu Haoqi , Jollet Cecile , de André João Pedro Athayde Marcondes , Deng Ziyan , Cao Guofu , An Fengpeng , Chimenti Pietro , Fang Xiao , Guo Yuhang , Huang Wenhao , Huang Xingtao , Li Rui , Li Teng , Li Weidong , Li Xinying , Liu Yankai , Meregaglia Anselmo , Qian Zhen , Ren Yuhan , Takenaka Akira , Wen Liangjian , Xu Jilei , You Zhengyun , Zhang Feiyang , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yumei , Zhu Jiang , Zou Jiaheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose experiment, under construction in southeast China, that is designed to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure neutrino oscillation parameters. Monte Carlo simulation plays an important role for JUNO detector design, detector commissioning, offline data processing, and physics processing. The JUNO experiment has the world’s largest liquid scintillator detector instrumented with many thousands of PMTs. The broad energy range of interest, long lifetime, and the large scale present data processing challenges across all areas. This paper describes the JUNO simulation software, highlighting the challenges of JUNO simulation and solutions to meet these challenges, including such issues as support for time-correlated analysis, event mixing, event correlation and handling the simulation of many millions of optical photons.