bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guideline for schizophrenia: implementation status and attitude toward an upcoming living guideline
Authors: Khorikian-Ghazari Naiiri , Lorenz Carolin , Güler Duygu , Halms Theresa , Röh Astrid , Flick Marisa , Burschinski Angelika , Pielenz Charline , Salveridou-Hof Eva , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Schneider Marco , Wagner Elias , Falkai Peter , Gaebel Wolfgang , Leucht Stefan , Hasan Alkomiet , Gaigl Gabriele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe implementation status of clinical guidelines is, despite their important role in connecting research with practice, frequently not satisfactory. This study aims to investigate the implementation status of the current German guideline for schizophrenia. Moreover, the attitude toward a living guideline has been explored for the first time by presenting screenshots of the German schizophrenia guideline transferred to a digital living guideline format called MAGICapp. A cross-sectional online survey was performed under the participation of 17 hospitals for psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine in Southern Germany and one professional association for German neurologists and psychiatrists. 439 participants supplied sufficient data for analysis. 309 provided complete data sets. Regarding the current guideline for schizophrenia and key recommendations, a large awareness-to-adherence gap was found. Group comparisons between different professions (caregivers, medical doctors, psychologists/psychotherapists, psychosocial therapists) detected differences in the implementation status showing higher awareness and agreement with the schizophrenia guideline and its key recommendations among medical doctors compared to psychosocial therapists and caregivers. Moreover, we detected differences in the implementation status of the guideline as a whole and its key recommendations between specialist and assistant doctors. The attitude toward an upcoming living guideline was mostly positive, especially among younger healthcare professionals. Our findings confirm an awareness-to-adherence gap, not only for the current schizophrenia guideline in general but also for its key recommendations with apparent differences between professions. Overall, our results show promising positive attitudes toward the living guideline for schizophrenia among healthcare providers, suggesting that a living guideline may be a supportive tool in everyday clinical practice.
Sjögren’s syndrome with and without neurological involvement
Authors: Seeliger Tabea , Kramer Emelie , Konen Franz Felix , Zehrfeld Nadine , Beider Sonja , Prenzler Nils Kristian , Gödecke Vega , Witte Torsten , Skripuletz Thomas , Ernst Diana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Neurological manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome can be severe but also treatment-responsive. We aimed to systematically evaluate neurological manifestations of primary Sjögren’s syndrome and find clinical features allowing sufficient identification of affected patients (pSSN) among those with Sjögren’s syndrome without neurological involvement (pSS).

Methods
Para-/clinical features of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria) were compared between pSSN and pSS. At our university-based center, patients with suggestive neurological symptoms undergo screening for Sjögren’s syndrome, and newly diagnosed pSS patients are thoroughly evaluated for neurologic involvement. pSSN disease activity was rated by the Neurological Involvement of Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Score (NISSDAI).

Results
512 patients treated for pSS/pSSN at our site between 04/2018 and 07/2022 were included (238 pSSN patients [46%] vs. 274 pSS patients [54%], cross-sectional design). Independent predictors of neurological involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome were male sex [p < 0.001], older age at disease onset [p < 0.0001], hospitalization at first presentation [p < 0.001], lower IgG levels [p = 0.04] and higher eosinophil values (treatment-naïve) [p = 0.02]. Univariate regression additionally showed older age at diagnosis [p < 0.001], lower prevalence of rheumatoid factor [p = 0.001], SSA(Ro)/SSB(La) antibodies [p = 0.03; p < 0.001], higher white blood cell count [p = 0.02] and CK levels [p = 0.02] (treatment-naïve) in pSSN.

Interpretation
Patients with pSSN had different clinical characteristics than patients with pSS and represented a large proportion of the cohort. Our data suggest that neurological involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome has been underestimated. Intensified screening for neurologic involvement should be included in the diagnostic algorithm for Sjögren’s syndrome, especially in males of older age and with severe disease course requiring hospitalization.
Analytical sensitivity of a multiplex quantitative PCR for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum
Authors: Truong Marcus , Šlapeta Jan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cyst-forming coccidia, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, are recognised as important causes of animal disease. Molecular diagnostics based on the presence of DNA in animal tissue are required to specifically detect T. gondii and N. caninum while achieving high levels of analytical sensitivity. We optimised available single-plex probe base qPCR assays into a multiplexed qPCR panel to detect cyst-forming coccidia, i.e. T. gondii and N. caninum. The T. gondii assay is based on a 529-bp repetitive (REP) element and the N. caninum assay on the NC5 repetitive region. Using target sequence synthetic DNA, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 100 copies, that is less than a single tachyzoite of either T. gondii or N. caninum. The T. gondii and N. caninum multiplexed qPCR assay optimised in this study can be used to effectively detect parasite DNA for diagnostic purposes in animal tissue.
Cross-trait analyses identify shared genetics between migraine, headache, and glycemic traits, and a causal relationship with fasting proinsulin
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul ,   The International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC), Nyholt Dale R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe co-occurrence of migraine and glycemic traits has long been reported in observational epidemiological studies, but it has remained unknown how they are linked genetically. We used large-scale GWAS summary statistics on migraine, headache, and nine glycemic traits in European populations to perform cross-trait analyses to estimate genetic correlation, identify shared genomic regions, loci, genes, and pathways, and test for causal relationships. Out of the nine glycemic traits, significant genetic correlation was observed for fasting insulin (FI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with both migraine and headache, while 2-h glucose was genetically correlated only with migraine. Among 1703 linkage disequilibrium (LD) independent regions of the genome, we found pleiotropic regions between migraine and FI, fasting glucose (FG), and HbA1c, and pleiotropic regions between headache and glucose, FI, HbA1c, and fasting proinsulin. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis with glycemic traits, identified six novel genome-wide significant lead SNPs with migraine, and six novel lead SNPs with headache (Pmeta < 5.0 × 10–8 and Psingle-trait < 1 × 10–4), all of which were LD-independent. Genes with a nominal gene-based association (Pgene ≤ 0.05) were significantly enriched (overlapping) across the migraine, headache, and glycemic traits. Mendelian randomisation analyses produced intriguing, but inconsistent, evidence for a causal relationship between migraine and headache with multiple glycemic traits; and consistent evidence suggesting increased fasting proinsulin levels may causally decrease the risk of headache. Our findings indicate that migraine, headache, and glycemic traits share a common genetic etiology and provide genetic insights into the molecular mechanisms contributing to their comorbid relationship.
Nitrogen fixation and nifH gene diversity in cyanobacteria living on feather mosses in a subalpine forest of Mt. Fuji
Authors: Kubota Masayuki , Matsushita Norihisa , Nakamura Toshihiko , Fukuda Kenji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the boreal forests, feather mosses such as Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi are colonized by cyanobacteria, which provide large amounts of nitrogen to forest ecosystems through nitrogen fixation. Although these feather mosses are also ubiquitous in subalpine forests of East Asia, little is known regarding their associated cyanobacteria and their ability to fix nitrogen. In this study, we investigated (1) whether cyanobacteria co-exist and fix nitrogen in the two species of feather mosses that cover the ground surface in a subalpine forest of Mt. Fuji, (2) whether cyanobacteria belonging to a common cluster with boreal forests are found in feather mosses in Mt. Fuji, and (3) whether moss-associated nitrogen fixation rates differed among moss growing substrates, canopy openness, and moss nitrogen concentrations in the same forest area. Our results showed that cyanobacteria colonized feather mosses in the subalpine forests of Mt. Fuji and acetylene reduction rates as an index of nitrogen fixation tended to be higher in H. splendens than in P. schreberi. Based on analysis of the nifH gene, 43 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, 28 of which represented cyanobacteria. Among the five clusters of cyanobacteria classified based on their nifH gene and identified in northern Europe, four (Nostoc cluster I, Nostoc cluster II, Stigonema cluster, and nifH2 cluster) were also found at Mt. Fuji. The acetylene reduction rate differed depending on the moss growing substrate and the total nitrogen concentration of moss shoots, and a strong negative correlation was observed with the total nitrogen concentration.
Entwicklung zweier ambulanter gruppentherapeutischer interdisziplinärer Therapiemodule in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Schmerzen und Chronifizierungsrisiko
Authors: Preißler Anke , Schouten Leonie , Hoffmann Greta , Deppe Karin , Lindena Gabriele , Petzke Frank , Gärtner Anne , Kaiser Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung
Eine frühe Versorgung von Patient:innen, die Schmerzen und Risikofaktoren einer Chronifizierung aufweisen, ist sinnvoll; diese Patient:innen können von einer frühen interdisziplinären multimodalen Schmerztherapie (IMST) profitieren. Angesichts der unzureichenden Versorgung wurden im Rahmen von PAIN2020 zwei ambulante Therapiemodule für die Sekundärprävention einer Schmerzchronifizierung entwickelt werden: die edukative bzw. begleitende IMST (E‑IMST/B‑IMST).

Material und Methoden
Der Entwicklungsprozess der beiden IMST wird vorgestellt. Es wurden zwei Zielgruppen von Patient:innen definiert, für die in Abhängigkeit von Chronifizierung, Beeinträchtigung und Komplexität der Störung eine Sitzung (E‑IMST) bzw. 10 Interventionstermine (B‑IMST) vorgesehen waren. Die Konzeption erfolgte in 5 Schritten: Erarbeitung der Zielstellungen; Erarbeitung der Hauptinhalte; Workshop zur inhaltlichen und konzeptionellen Ausgestaltung (Inhalte, Vermittlung, Übungen); Erstellung eines Ablaufplans; Aufbereitung der Ergebnisse (Manual, Präsentationen, Arbeitsblätter, Handbuch). Zunächst wurde die B‑IMST entwickelt, woraus Inhalte für die E‑IMST extrahiert wurden. Daneben sollte ein Konzept zur Überprüfung der Umsetzbarkeit und ein Wirkmodell für eine Pilotierung entwickelt werden.

Ergebnisse
Zielstellungen für beide IMST-Formen sind die Verbesserung des Verständnisses von Schmerz und mitbedingenden Faktoren, die Erhöhung des Kontroll- und Selbstwirksamkeitserlebens und die Erhöhung der Eigenverantwortung hinsichtlich schmerzreduzierender Strategien. Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Therapiemodulen ergeben sich aus den Bedarfen und Rahmenbedingungen. Für beide IMST-Module wurden ärztliche, physio- und psychotherapeutische Inhalte und Abläufe ausgestaltet. Die B‑IMST setzt sich aus 5 Modulen mit je 2 Terminen als Gruppenintervention zusammen (biopsychosoziales Modell; Aktivierungsplanung; Bedürfnisregulation; Schlaf und Medikamente; Alltagstransfer). Die 3‑stündige E‑IMST-Gruppenintervention vermittelt in erster Linie Wissen über Schmerz und das biopsychosoziale Schmerzmodell. Es kommen theoretische und praktische Interventionen bzw. erfahrungs- und erlebnisorientierte Methoden zur Anwendung.

Schlussfolgerung
Es existieren nun zwei interdisziplinär ausgerichtete Manuale für die sekundärpräventive Behandlung von Patient:innen mit wiederkehrenden Schmerzen und Risikoprofil für eine Chronifizierung. Diese Ansätze müssen nun hinsichtlich Machbarkeit und Wirksamkeit überprüft werden.
Nutzungsorientierte Verwendung urbaner Wasserressourcen – Visionen, Potenziale und Herausforderungen
Authors: Prenner Flora , Kretschmer Florian , Pucher Bernhard 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Klimawandel stellt urbane Räume durch vermehrte Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignisse vor große Herausforderungen und fordert Maßnahmen, um die Lebensqualität aufrecht zu erhalten. Urbane Begrünung spielt als Klimawandelanpassungsmaßnahme eine wichtige Rolle – allerdings können Pflanzen nur bei ausreichender Bewässerung einen mikroklimatischen Kühleffekt erzielen. Aktuell wird vorrangig Trinkwasser zur Bewässerung herangezogen, was langfristig als nicht nachhaltig einzustufen ist. Im urbanen Raum stehen weitere Wasserressourcen, wie Regenwasser, Abwasser oder Grauwasser (Abwasser ohne Fäkalien) als Brauchwasser, beispielsweise zur Bewässerung, zur Verfügung. Diese Wasserressourcen haben ein großes Potenzial zur kreislauforientierten Wiedernutzung, welches jedoch in Österreich aktuell nicht ausgeschöpft wird. Daher stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Wasserwiedernutzung in österreichischen Strategien zur Klimawandelanpassung berücksichtigt wird und welche Potenziale sich daraus ergeben. Dazu werden in diesem Artikel Strategien zur Klimawandelanpassung auf Bundes- und Landesebene analysiert, das qualitative und quantitative Potenzial von Regen- und gereinigtem Grauwasser aufgezeigt und Herausforderungen in der praktischen Umsetzung von Wasserwiedernutzung identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Brauchwasserbedarf mit urbanen Wasserressourcen gedeckt werden kann (mit variierendem Deckungsgrad je nach Ressource) und damit eine nutzungsorientierte Verwendung dieser Ressourcen ein hohes Potenzial aufweist. Auch wird eine Brauchwasserversorgung als Teil des Maßnahmenpakets zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel gesehen. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass in der Praxis einige Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von und der Schaffung der Voraussetzungen für Wasserwiedernutzung gesehen werden. Diese Lücke zwischen der Vision einer klimawandelangepassten Zukunft und den identifizierten Herausforderungen in der Praxis muss geschlossen werden, um langfristig Brauchwasserbedarf – wo möglich – mit urbanen Wasserressourcen zu decken und die wertvolle Ressource Trinkwasser für den tatsächlichen Trinkwasserbedarf zu sichern.
ISSLS Prize in Bioengineering Science 2023: Age- and sex-related differences in lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration between patients with chronic low back pain and asymptomatic controls
Authors: Bonnheim Noah B. , Lazar Ann A. , Kumar Anika , Akkaya Zehra , Zhou Jiamin , Guo Xiaojie , O’Neill Conor , Link Thomas M. , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Krug Roland , Fields Aaron J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical management of disc degeneration in patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) is hampered by the challenge of distinguishing pathologic changes relating to pain from physiologic changes related to aging. The goal of this study was to use imaging biomarkers of disc biochemical composition to distinguish degenerative changes associated with cLBP from normal aging.

Methods
T1ρ MRI data were acquired from 133 prospectively enrolled subjects for this observational study (80 cLBP, 53 controls; mean ± SD age = 43.9 ± 13.4 years; 61 females, 72 males). The mean T1ρ relaxation time in the nucleus pulposus (NP-T1ρ; n = 650 discs) was used as a quantitative biomarker of disc biochemical composition. Linear regression was used to assess associations between NP-T1ρ and age, sex, spinal level, and study group, and their interactions.

Results
NP-T1ρ values were lower in cLBP patients than controls (70.8 ± 22.8 vs. 76.4 ± 22.2 ms, p = 0.009). Group differences were largest at L5–S1 (ΔT1ρcLBP-control = −11.3 ms, p < 0.0001), representing biochemical deterioration typically observed over a 9–12 year period (NP-T1ρ declined by 0.8–1.1 ms per year [95% CI]). Group differences were large in younger patients and diminished with age. Finally, the age-dependence of disc degeneration was stronger in controls than cLBP patients.

Conclusion
Aging effects on the biochemical composition of the L5–S1 disc may involve a relatively uniform set of factors from which many cLBP patients deviate. NP-T1ρ values at L5–S1 may be highly relevant to clinical phenotyping, particularly in younger individuals.
Immersive virtual reality for improving cognitive deficits in children with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corrigan Niamh , Păsărelu Costina-Ruxandra , Voinescu Alexandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) shows great potential in treating and managing various mental health conditions. This includes using VR for training or rehabilitation purposes. For example, VR is being used to improve cognitive functioning (e.g. attention) among children with attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of immersive VR-based interventions for improving cognitive deficits in children with ADHD, to investigate potential moderators of the effect size and assess treatment adherence and safety. The meta-analysis included seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of children with ADHD comparing immersive VR-based interventions with controls (e.g. waiting list, medication, psychotherapy, cognitive training, neurofeedback and hemoencephalographic biofeedback) on measures of cognition. Results indicated large effect sizes in favour of VR-based interventions on outcomes of global cognitive functioning, attention, and memory. Neither intervention length nor participant age moderated the effect size of global cognitive functioning. Control group type (active vs passive control group), ADHD diagnostic status (formal vs. informal) and novelty of VR technology were not significant moderators of the effect size of global cognitive functioning. Treatment adherence was similar across groups and there were no adverse effects. Results should be cautiously interpreted given the poor quality of included studies and small sample.
A new perspective on low-rank optimization
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Cory-Wright Ryan , Pauphilet Jean 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA key question in many low-rank problems throughout optimization, machine learning, and statistics is to characterize the convex hulls of simple low-rank sets and judiciously apply these convex hulls to obtain strong yet computationally tractable relaxations. We invoke the matrix perspective function—the matrix analog of the perspective function—to characterize explicitly the convex hull of epigraphs of simple matrix convex functions under low-rank constraints. Further, we combine the matrix perspective function with orthogonal projection matrices—the matrix analog of binary variables which capture the row-space of a matrix—to develop a matrix perspective reformulation technique that reliably obtains strong relaxations for a variety of low-rank problems, including reduced rank regression, non-negative matrix factorization, and factor analysis. Moreover, we establish that these relaxations can be modeled via semidefinite constraints and thus optimized over tractably. The proposed approach parallels and generalizes the perspective reformulation technique in mixed-integer optimization and leads to new relaxations for a broad class of problems.
Substantial warming of Central European mountain rivers under climate change
Authors: Niedrist Georg H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWater bodies around the world are currently warming with unprecedented rates since observations started, but warming occurs highly variable among ecoregions. So far, mountain rivers were expected to experience attenuated warming due to cold water input from snow or ice. However, air temperatures in mountain areas are increasing faster than the global average, and therefore warming effects are expected for cold riverine ecosystems. In decomposing multi-decadal water temperature data of two Central European mountain rivers with different discharge and water source regime, this work identified so far unreported (a) long-term warming trends (with river-size dependent rates between  +0.24 and  +0.44 °C decade−1); but also (b) seasonal shifts with both rivers warming not only during summer, but also in winter months (i.e., up to  +0.52 °C decade−1 in November); (c) significantly increasing minimum and maximum temperatures (e.g., temperatures in a larger river no longer reach freezing point since 1996 and maximum temperatures increased at rates between +0.4 and +0.7 °C decade−1); and (d) an expanding of warm-water periods during recent decades in these ecosystems. Our results show a substantial warming effect of mountain rivers with significant month-specific warming rates not only during summer but also in winter, suggesting that mountain river phenology continues to change with ongoing atmospheric warming. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that apart from a general warming, also seasonal shifts, changes in extreme temperatures, and expanding warm periods will play a role for ecological components of mountain rivers and should be considered in climate change assessments and mitigation management.
Active upper aerodigestive tract hemorrhage in patients with head and neck cancers: the “dot-in-sludge” sign
Authors: Goswami Abhishek , Fisicaro Ryan A. , Howard Brian M. , Patel Milind , Aiken Ashley H. , Baugnon Kristen L. , Wu Xin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Active extravasation into the upper aerodigestive tract is a dramatic and potentially life-threatening complication in patients with head and neck cancers. It prompts presentation to the emergency room and subsequent urgent imaging to identify the source of hemorrhage. Imaging of these patients may be complicated by treatment-altered anatomy, posing a challenge to the emergency radiologist who needs to rapidly identify the presence of active hemorrhage and the potential source vessel. This retrospective review summarizes the clinical and imaging findings of 6 oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell cancer (SCC) patients with active upper aerodigestive tract hemorrhage. Most patients had advanced stage disease and prior radiation therapy. All CECT or CTA exams on presentation demonstrated the “dot-in-sludge” sign of active extravasation, as demonstrated by a “dot” of avidly enhancing extravasated contrast material layered against a background “sludge” of non-enhancing debris in the lumen of the upper aerodigestive tract. Common sources of hemorrhage included the lingual, facial, and superior thyroidal arteries. Familiarity with these findings will help radiologists increase their accuracy and confidence in interpreting these urgent, complex examinations.