bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of magnetic diffusivity on the tears mode instability in the flares of the SGR A*
Authors: Zhao Tian-Le , Yuan Ye-Fei 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of the magnetic diffusivity on the tears mode instability during the process of magnetic reconnection in the accretion flow around Sgr A* via 2D simulation. It is believed that the magnetic diffusivity plays an important role during the magnetic reconnection, so the temperature-dependent diffusivity ηTD is applied in this work. For comparison, the case with constant diffusivity ηC is also studied. In our simulations, there are many plasmoids formed due to the magnetic reconnection, and these plasmoids consequently merge many times. It is found that the temperature-dependent diffusivity will cause more frequent merger of the plasmoids. Because of the turbulence of the current sheet, the temperature distribution is non-uniform, so at the secondary X-points with the different temperature, a lot of plasmoids form and merge to become larger plasmoids. Then the larger plasmoids merge to become a huge plasmoid. In the case of the constant magnetic diffusion, the plasmoid merge less frequently than in the case of the temperature-dependent diffusivity. The huge plasmoid forms and then moves up from the current sheet in both cases. In the case with the temperature-dependent diffusivity, the huge plasmoids oscillate and deform for a long time. This phenomenon is not obvious in the case of the constant diffusivity; in this case the huge plasmoids form and then move out from the upper boundary of the simulation area without oscillation and deformation.
The return of GOLUM: improving distributed joint parameter estimation for strongly lensed gravitational waves
Authors: Janquart Justin , Haris K , Hannuksela Otto A , Van Den Broeck Chris 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Owing to the forecasted improved sensitivity of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, new research avenues will become accessible. This is the case for gravitational-wave strong lensing, predicted with a non-negligible observation rate in the coming years. However, because one needs to investigate all the event pairs in the data, searches for strongly lensed gravitational waves are often computationally heavy, and one faces high false-alarm rates. In this paper, we present upgrades made to the golum software, making it more reliable while increasing its speed by re-casting the look-up table, imposing a sample control, and implementing symmetric runs on the two lensed images. We show how the recovered posteriors have improved coverage of the parameter space and how we increase the pipeline’s stability. Finally, we show the results obtained by performing a joint analysis of all the events reported until the GWTC-3 catalogue, finding similar conclusions to the ones presented in the literature.
Inverse-Compton cooling of thermal plasma in colliding-wind binaries
Authors: Mackey Jonathan , Jones Thomas A K , Brose Robert , Grassitelli Luca , Reville Brian , Mathew Arun 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The inverse-Compton effect (IC) is a widely recognized cooling mechanism for both relativistic and thermal electrons in various astrophysical environments, including the intergalactic medium and X-ray emitting plasmas. Its effect on thermal electrons is, however, frequently overlooked in theoretical and numerical models of colliding-wind binaries (CWB). In this article, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the impact of IC cooling in CWBs, presenting general results for when the photon fields of the stars dominate the cooling of the thermal plasma and when shocks at the stagnation point are expected to be radiative. Our analysis shows that IC cooling is the primary cooling process for the shocked-wind layer over a significant portion of the relevant parameter space, particularly in eccentric systems with large wind-momentum ratios, e.g. those containing a Wolf–Rayet and O-type star. Using the binary system WR 140 as a case study, we demonstrate that IC cooling leads to a strongly radiative shocked wind near periastron, which may otherwise remain adiabatic if only collisional cooling was considered. Our results are further supported by 2D and 3D simulations of wind–wind collisions. Specifically, 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of WR 140 show a significant decrease in hard-X-ray emission around periastron, in agreement with observations but in contrast to equivalent simulations that omit IC cooling. A novel method is proposed for constraining mass-loss rates of both stars in eccentric binaries where the wind-collision zone switches from adiabatic to radiative approaching periastron. IC scattering is an important cooling process in the thermal plasma of CWBs.
Exploring the correlation between Hα-to-UV ratio and burstiness for typical star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2
Authors: Rezaee Saeed , Reddy Naveen A , Topping Michael W , Shivaei Irene , Shapley Alice E , Fetherolf Tara , Kriek Mariska , Coil Alison , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Du Xinnan , Khostovan Ali Ahmad , Weldon Andrew , Emami Najmeh , Chartab Nima 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The $\rm {H}\alpha$-to-UV luminosity ratio ($L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$) is often used to probe bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of star-forming galaxies and it is important to validate it against other proxies for burstiness. To address this issue, we present a statistical analysis of the resolved distribution of star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) as well as stellar age and their correlations with the globally measured $L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$ for a sample of 310 star-forming galaxies in two redshift bins of 1.37 &lt; z &lt; 1.70 and 2.09 &lt; z &lt; 2.61 observed by the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. We use the multiwaveband CANDELS/3D-HST imaging of MOSDEF galaxies to construct ΣSFR and stellar age maps. We analyse the composite rest-frame far-ultraviolet spectra of a subsample of MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) targets obtained by the Keck Low Resolution Imager and Spectrometer (LRIS), which includes 124 star-forming galaxies (MOSDEF-LRIS) at redshifts 1.4 &lt; z &lt; 2.6, to examine the average stellar population properties, and the strength of age-sensitive far-ultraviolet spectral features in bins of $L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$. Our results show no significant evidence that individual galaxies with higher $L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$ are undergoing a burst of star formation based on the resolved distribution of ΣSFR of individual star-forming galaxies. We segregate the sample into subsets with low and high $L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$. The high-$L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$ subset exhibits, on average, an age of $\log [\rm {Age/yr}]$ = 8.0, compared to $\log [\rm {Age/yr}]$ = 8.4 for the low-$L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$ galaxies, though the difference in age is significant at only the 2σ level. Furthermore, we find no variation in the strengths of Si iv λλ1393, 1402 and C iv λλ1548, 1550 P-Cygni features from massive stars between the two subsamples, suggesting that the high-$L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$ galaxies are not preferentially undergoing a burst compared to galaxies with lower $L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$. On the other hand, we find that the high-$L(\text{H}\alpha)/L(\rm UV)$ galaxies exhibit, on average, more intense He ii λ1640 emission, which may possibly suggest the presence of a higher abundance of high-mass X-ray binaries.
In vitro maturation of NiSOD reveals a role for cytoplasmic histidine in processing and metalation
Authors: Basak Priyanka , Cabelli Diane E , Chivers Peter T , Farquhar Erik R , Maroney Michael J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The importance of cellular low molecular weight ligands in metalloenzyme maturation is largely unexplored. Maturation of NiSOD requires post-translational N-terminal processing of the proenzyme, SodN, by its cognate protease, SodX. Here we provide evidence for the participation of L-histidine in the protease-dependent maturation of nickel-dependent superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) from Streptomyces coelicolor. In vitro studies using purified proteins cloned from S. coelicolor and overexpressed in E. coli support a model where a ternary complex formed between the substrate (SodN), the protease (SodX) and L-Histidine creates a novel Ni-binding site that is capable of the N-terminal processing of SodN and specifically incorporates Ni into the apo-NiSOD product. Thus, L-Histidine serves many of the functions associated with a metallochaperone or, conversely, eliminates the need for a metallochaperone in NiSOD maturation.
Metallothionein-3 and carbonic anhydrase metalation properties with Zn(II) and Cd(II) change as a result of protein–protein interactions
Authors: Yuan Amelia T , Stillman Martin J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are regulators of the metals Zn(II) and Cu(I) and act as antioxidants in many organisms, including in humans. Isoform 3 (MT3) is expressed constitutively in central nervous tissue and has been shown to have additional biological functions, including the inhibition of neuronal growth, the regulation of apoptosis, and cytoskeleton modulation. To facilitate these functions, protein–protein interactions likely occur. These interactions may then impact the metalation status of the MT and the recipient metalloprotein. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy, we report that the interaction between the zinc metalloenzyme, carbonic anhydrase (CA), and MT3, impacts the metalation profiles of both apo-MT3 and apo-CA with Cd(II) and Zn(II). We observe two phases in the metalation of the apo-CA, the first of which is associated with an increased binding affinity of apo-CA for Cd/Zn(II) and the second pathway is associated with apo-CA metalated without a change in binding affinity. The weak interactions that result in this change of binding affinity are not detectable as a protein complex in the ESI–mass spectral data or in the circular dichroism spectra. These unusual metalation properties of apo-CA in the presence of apo-MT3 are evidence of the effects of protein–protein interactions. With adjustment to take into account the interaction of both proteins, we report the complete Cd(II) and Zn(II) binding constants of MT3 under physiological conditions, as well as the pH dependence of these binding pathways.
Identifying Novel Motivation Phase-Specific Cessation Targets for Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States
Authors: Nemeth Julianna M , Glasser Allison M , Macisco Joseph , Hinton Alice , Wermert Amy , Patterson Joanne G , Sucaldito Ana , Gilson Carra , Kemble Hannah , Garbsch Ellen , Caponi Jacob 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Of youth experiencing homelessness (YEH; 14–24 years old), 70%+ smoke combustible, commercial tobacco. Though many have tried to quit, most use ineffective methods. Drop-in centers for YEH are opportune places to link YEH to evidence-based treatment. Using the Phase-Based Model (PBM) for Cessation Research, the aim of this study was to identify “Motivation” phase-specific challenges impacting YEH’s willingness to make a quit attempt—the goal of this cessation phase.

Aims and Methods
Surveys were interview administered with 96 past-week combusted tobacco users accessing drop-in services. Regression models were fit to confirm hypothesized challenges impacting YEH’s willingness to quit.

Results
Moderate nicotine dependence was noted—a key Motivation phase cessation mechanism targeted—and was associated with population challenges including, but not limited to, replacing food with tobacco, accidental oxygen-deprivation events, and smoking to socialize. While 67.1% of participants made a past-year quit attempt, 45.8% expressed 30-day quit interest. Dimensions of coping with housing were associated with quit attempts and quit interest. Quit attempts were also associated with nicotine dependence, working, and smoking to socialize. Whereas, quit interest was associated with less endorsement of smoking to regulate affect and more endorsement to avoid danger.

Conclusions
Though common challenges targeted in Motivation phase cessation exist among YEH, other challenges may also need to be addressed to promote quitting.

Implications
Future research in optimizing evidence-based cessation access for YEH through drop-in centers may consider addressing the challenges of housing, food security, social context, violence, and neurotrauma sequela to bolster YEH willingness to make a quit attempt.
Textile architecture for composite materials: back to basics
Authors: Rawal Amit , Majumdar Abhijit , Kumar Vijay 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the last several decades, textile-reinforced composites have emerged as a unique class of materials offering intricate features, reduced fabrication costs, introduced multiaxial reinforcement, and enhanced damaged tolerance. Despite these benefits, textile-reinforced composites face challenges as predicting their performance often relies on heuristics and past experiences without gaining insights into the underlying structure of the textile material and its constituents. This tutorial-based mini-review aims to delve into the fundamentals of textile architecture in the context of textile-reinforced composites and provide an overview of their significant physical and structural features that influence the performance characteristics of textile-reinforced composites.
Rose long noncoding RNA lncWD83 promotes flowering by modulating ubiquitination of the floral repressor RcMYC2L
Authors: Yeqing Chen , Jun Lu , Weinan Wang , Chunguo Fan , Guozhen Yuan , Jingjing Sun , Jinyi Liu , Changquan Wang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various signaling pathways in vascular plants. However, the crosstalk between lncRNAs and E3 ubiquitin ligases has been barely reported. In this study, we demonstrate that the lncRNA lncWD83 from rose (Rosa chinensis) ‘Old blush’ activates flowering by modulating the ubiquitination of the floral repressor MYC2 LIKE (RcMYC2L). Flowering was substantially delayed in rose by virus-induced gene silencing of lncWD83. In an in vitro pull-down assay, lncWD83 associated with PLANT U-BOX PROTEIN 11 (PUB11), a U-box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. Seedlings with knocked down RcPUB11 transcripts phenocopied the later-flowering phenotype of lncWD83-silenced seedlings. RcMYC2L physically interacted with RcPUB11 and was ubiquitinated in an RcPUB11-dependent manner in vitro. Accordingly, silencing RcMYC2L fully reversed the later-flowering phenotype resulting from RcPUB11 knockdown. Furthermore, RcMYC2L bound to G-box-related motifs in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (RcFT) promoter and repressed its transcription. However, RcPUB11 alleviated this repression of RcFT expression via proteasomal degradation of RcMYC2L, and lncWD83 enhanced this degradation by associating with RcPUB11. Therefore, lncWD83 promotes flowering by modulating the ubiquitination of the floral repressor RcMYC2L in rose plants. These findings reveal a distinct regulatory mechanism for an lncRNA in facilitating ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis to regulate rose flowering.
PHOTOLYASE/BLUE LIGHT RECEPTOR2 regulates chrysanthemum flowering by compensating for gibberellin perception
Authors: Zhao Xin , Liu Wenwen , Aiwaili Palinuer , Zhang Han , Xu Yanjie , Gu Zhaoyu , Gao Junping , Hong Bo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The gibberellins (GAs) receptor GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) plays a central role in GA signal perception and transduction. The typical photoperiodic plant chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) only flowers when grown in short-day photoperiods. In addition, chrysanthemum flowering is also controlled by the aging pathway, but whether and how GAs participate in photoperiod- and age-dependent regulation of flowering remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that photoperiod affects CmGID1B expression in response to GAs and developmental age. Moreover, we identified PHOTOLYASE/BLUE LIGHT RECEPTOR2, an atypical photocleavage synthase, as a CRYPTOCHROME-INTERACTING bHLH1 interactor with which it forms a complex in response to short days to activate CmGID1B transcription. Knocking down CmGID1B raised endogenous bioactive GA contents and GA signal perception, in turn modulating the expression of the aging-related genes MicroRNA156 and SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE3. We propose that exposure to short days accelerates the juvenile-to-adult transition by increasing endogenous GA contents and response to GAs, leading to entry into floral transformation.
The rice NUCLEAR FACTOR-YA5 and MICRORNA169a module promotes nitrogen utilization during nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Seo Jun Sung , Kim Sung Hwan , Shim Jae Sung , Um Taeyoung , Oh Nuri , Park Taehyeon , Kim Youn Shic , Oh Se-Jun , Kim Ju-Kon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and development. Therefore, understanding its utilization is essential for improving crop productivity. However, much remains to be learned about plant N sensing and signaling. Here, rice (Oryza sativa) NUCLEAR FACTOR-YA5 (OsNF-YA5) expression was tightly regulated by N status and induced under N-deficient conditions. Overexpression (OE) of OsNF-YA5 in rice resulted in increased chlorophyll levels and delayed senescence compared to control plants under normal N conditions. Agronomic traits were significantly improved in OE plants and impaired in knockout mutants under N-deficient conditions. Using a dexamethasone-inducible system, we identified the putative targets of OsNF-YA5 that include amino acid, nitrate/peptide transporters, and NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1A (OsNRT1.1A), which functions as a key transporter in rice. OsNF-YA5 directly enhanced OsNRT1.1A expression and N uptake rate under N-deficient conditions. Besides, overexpression of OsNF-YA5 also enhanced the expression of GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1/2 (GS1/2) and GLUTAMINE OXOGLUTARATE AMINOTRANSFERASE 1/2 (GOGAT1/2), increasing free amino acid contents under N-deficient conditions. Osa-miR169a expression showed an opposite pattern with OsNF-YA5 depending on N status. Further analysis revealed that osa-miR169a negatively regulates OsNF-YA5 expression and N utilization, demonstrating that an OsNF-YA5/osa-miR169a module tightly regulates rice N utilization for adaptation to N status.
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis and its impact on survival in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Morrisroe Kathleen , Hansen Dylan , Stevens Wendy , Ross Laura , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene-Siew , Hill Catherine L , Host Lauren , Walker Jennifer , Proudman Susanna , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
To describe the frequency of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in an incident cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) and its impact on survival.

Methods
Incident ILD was defined as the new development of characteristic fibrotic changes on chest HRCT scan. PPF was defined as per the 2022 American Thoracic Society. Determinants of PPF were identified using generalised estimating equations. Impact on survival was analysed using accelerated failure time regression modelling.

Results
Of our incident SSc-ILD cases, 38.8% (n = 180) experienced PPF within a 12-month period after ILD diagnosis. Determinants of PPF included older age (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.03, P = 0.011), dcSSc (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06–2.25, P = 0.024) and SSc-specific antibodies (anticentomere antibody OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.29–0.91, P = 0.021 and anti-Scl-70 antibody OR 1.46, 95%CI 1.01–2.09, P = 0.043). Raised CRP was numerically associated with PPF but did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.29, 95%CI 0.99–1.68, P = 0.064) nor did GORD or dysphagia (OR 1.18, 95%CI 0.57–2.42, P = 0.658 and OR 1.17, 95%CI 0.57–2.40, P = 0.664, respectively). The presence of PPF significantly impacted survival in SSc-ILD (hazard ratio 2.66, 95%CI 1.59–4.41, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
PPF occurred in a third of our incident SSc-ILD cohort; however, its occurrence was significantly associated with mortality indicating an at-risk group who may be suitable for earlier introduction of immunosuppressive and/or antifibrotic therapy.
Can efficacy and safety data from clinical trials of rituximab in RA be extrapolated? Insights from 1984 patients from the AIR-PR Registry
Authors: Nguyen Yann , Mariette Xavier , Gottenberg Jacques E , Iudici Michele , Morel Jacques , Vittecoq Olivier , Constantin Arnaud , Flipo Rene-Marc , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Sibilia Jean , Ravaud Philippe , Porcher Raphaël , Seror Raphaèle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether the efficacy and safety data from drug-registration trials can be extrapolated to real-life RA patients receiving RTX.

Methods
The ‘AutoImmunity and Rituximab’ (AIR-PR) registry is a French multicentre, prospective cohort of RA patients treated with RTX in a real-life setting. We compared treatment responses at 12 months and serious adverse events (AEs) between eligible and non-eligible patients, by retrieving the eligibility criteria of the three rituximab-registration trials. We determined critical eligibility criteria and modelled the benefit–risk ratio according to the number of fulfilled critical eligibility criteria.

Results
Among 1984 RA patients, only 9–12% fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Non-eligible patients had fewer EULAR responses at 12 months (40.3% vs 46.9%, P = 0.044). Critical inclusion criteria included swollen joints count ≥4, tender joints count ≥4, CRP ≥15 mg/l and RF positivity. Critical exclusion criteria were age &gt;80 years, RA-associated systemic diseases, ACR functional class IV, DMARD other than MTX and prednisone &gt;10 mg/day. Only 20.8% fulfilled those critical eligibility criteria. During the first year, serious AEs occurred for 182 (9.2%) patients (70.3% serious infections) and patients with ≥1 critical exclusion criterion were at higher risk (hazard ratio 3.03; 95% CI 2.25–4.06; for ≥3 criteria vs 0). The incremental risk–benefit ratio decreased with the number of unmet critical inclusion criteria and of fulfilled exclusion criteria.

Conclusion
Few real-life RA patients were eligible for the drug-registration trials. Non-eligible patients had lower chance of response, and higher risk of serious AEs. Efficacy and safety data obtained from those trials may not be generalizable to RA patients receiving RTX in real-world clinical practice.
Application of Organoids in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wu Yinghua , Ye Wenrui , Gao Yong , Yi Zhenjie , Chen Zhuohui , Qu Chunrun , Huang Jing , Liu Fangkun , Liu Zhixiong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Regenerative medicine mainly relies on heterologous transplantation, often hindered by sample availability and ethical issues. Furthermore, patients are required to take immunosuppressive medications to prevent adverse side effects. Stem cell-derived 3D-organoid culture has provided new alternatives for transplantation and regenerative medicine. Scholars have combined organoids with tissue engineering technology to improve reproducibility, the accuracy of constitution and throughput, and genetic correction to achieve a more personalized therapy. Here, we review the available applications of organoids in regenerative medicine and the current challenges concerning this field.