bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of integrated jaw–neck motor function in children at 6, 10 and 13 years of age compared to adults: A kinematic longitudinal study
Authors: Nilsson Evelina , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Domellöf Erik , Hellström Fredrik , Häger Charlotte K. , Österlund Catharina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe functional integration of the jaw and neck motor systems, of great importance to everyday oral activities, is established in early childhood. Detailed characterisation of this developmental progress is largely unknown.ObjectiveTo establish developmental changes in jaw–neck motor function in children over the ages 6–13 years compared to adults.MethodsJaw and head movement kinematics during jaw opening–closing and chewing were longitudinally recorded in 20 Swedish children (8 girls) at 6 (6.3 ± 0.4), 10 (10.3 ± 0.3) and 13 (13.5 ± 0.7) years of age and 20 adults (9 women, 28.2 ± 6.7). Movement amplitudes, jaw movement cycle time (CT), coefficient of variation (CV) and head/jaw ratio for amplitudes were analysed. Linear mixed effect analysis and Welch's t‐test were used.ResultsChildren showed pronounced movement variability and longer CT at 6 and 10 years old during opening and chewing (p < .001). Compared to adults, 6‐year‐olds showed higher head/jaw ratios (p < .02) and longer CT (p < .001) during opening and chewing, and higher CV‐head (p < .001) during chewing. Whereas 10‐year‐olds showed larger jaw and head amplitudes (p < .02) and longer CT (p < .001) during opening, and longer CT (p < .001) and higher CV‐head (p < .001) during chewing. For 13‐year‐olds, longer CT (p < .001) during chewing was found.ConclusionChildren showed pronounced movement variability and longer movement cycle time at 6–10 years and developmental progress in jaw–neck integration from 6 to 13 years, with 13‐year‐olds displaying adult‐like movements. These results add new detailed understanding to the typical development of integrated jaw–neck motor function.
Occurrence, presence and severity of bruxism and its association with altered state of consciousness in individuals with severe acquired brain injury
Authors: Kothari Simple F. , Devendran Anupriyadarshini , Sørensen Astrid B. , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk , Svensson Peter , Kothari Mohit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcessive jaw muscle activity is a frequent complication after acquired brain injury (ABI).ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the occurrence and severity of jaw muscle activity and its association with altered state of consciousness in patients with ABI.MethodsA total of 14 severe ABI patients with varied altered state of consciousness were recruited. A single‐channel electromyographic (EMG) device was used to assess the jaw muscle activity for three consecutive nights during Week 1 and Week 4 following admission. Differences in number of EMG episodes/h between Week 1 and 4 were analysed using non‐parametric tests and association between the EMG activity and altered state of consciousness were analysed using Spearman's correlation test.ResultsNine of fourteen (64%) patients showed indications of bruxism (cutoff: >15 EMG episodes/h). The average EMG episodes/h at admission were 44.5 ± 13.6 with no significant changes after Week 4 of admission (43 ± 12.9; p = .917). The EMG episodes/h ranged from 2 to 184 during Week 1 and 4–154 during Week 4. There were no significant correlations between the number of EMG episodes/h during the three nights and the individuals altered state of consciousness during Week 1 and Week 4.ConclusionPatients with ABI had a conspicuously high but variable level of jaw muscle activity at admission and it tend to remain high after 4 week of hospitalisation which could potentially lead to adverse effects such as excessive tooth wear, headaches and pain in jaw muscles. The lack of associations between individuals altered level of consciousness and EMG activity could be due to low sample size and further studies are clearly warranted in this patient group with special needs. Single‐channel EMG devices can record jaw muscle activity early in the hospitalisation period and might be a helpful tools for early detection of bruxism in ABI patients.
Seasonal assembly of skin microbiota driven by neutral and selective processes in the greater horseshoe bat
Authors: Li Aoqiang , Li Zhongle , Leng Haixia , Jin Longru , Xiao Yanhong , Sun Keping , Feng Jiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSkin microbiota play an important role in protecting bat hosts from the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which has caused dramatic bat population declines and extinctions. Recent studies have provided insights into the bacterial communities of bat skin, but variation in skin bacterial community structure in the context of the seasonal dynamics of fungal invasion, as well as the processes that drive such variation, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized bat skin microbiota over the course of the bat hibernation and active season stages and used a neutral model of community ecology to determine the relative roles of neutral and selective processes in driving microbial community variation. Our results showed significant seasonal shifts in skin community structure, as well as less diverse microbiota in hibernation than in the active season. Skin microbiota were influenced by the environmental bacterial reservoir. During both the hibernation and active season stages, more than 78% of ASVs in bat skin microbiota were consistent with neutral distribution, implying that neutral processes, that is, dispersal or ecological drift contributing the most to shifts in skin microbiota. In addition, the neutral model showed that some ASVs were actively selected by the bats from the environmental bacterial reservoir, accounting for approximately 20% and 31% of the total community during hibernation and active season stages, respectively. Overall, this research provides insights into the assemblage of bat‐associated bacterial communities and will aid in the development of conservation strategies against fungal disease.
Decoding the drivers of deep‐time wetland biodiversity: insights from an early Permian tropical lake ecosystem
Authors: Trümper Steffen , Vogel Björn , Germann Sebastian , Werneburg Ralf , Schneider Joerg W. , Hellwig Alexandra , Linnemann Ulf , Hofmann Mandy , Rößler Ronny 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWetlands are important to continental evolution, providing both arenas and refugia for emerging and declining biotas. This significance and the high preservation potential make the resulting fossiliferous deposits essential for our understanding of past and future biodiversity. We reconstruct the trophic structure and age of the early Permian Manebach Lake ecosystem, Germany, a thriving wetland at a time when the tropical biosphere faced profound upheaval in the peaking Late Palaeozoic Icehouse. Nine excavations, high‐resolution spatiotemporal documentation of fossils and strata, and U–Pb radioisotopic dating of tuffs allow us to distinguish autogenic and allogenic factors shaping the limnic biocoenosis. The Manebach Lake was an exorheic, oxygen‐stratified, perennial water body on the 101–102 km2 scale, integrated into the catchment draining much of the European Variscides. Lake formation paralleled an Asselian regional wet climatic interval and benefited from rising base level due to post‐Variscan half‐graben tectonics. Stromatolite‐forming cyanobacteria, bivalves, several crustaceans, amblypterids and xenacanthid sharks formed a differentiated biocoenosis in the lake. Fossil stomach remains and teeth prove the rare presence of acanthodians, branchiosaurs and large amphibians. The results indicate woody‐debris‐bearing lake littorals devoid of semi‐aquatic and aquatic plants as places suitable for stromatolites to grow, underpin the model of declining freshwater‐shark diversity in most Permian Variscan basins, demonstrate fish/amphibian ratios in limnic assemblages to measure lake perenniality and reveal taphonomic biases in lake taphocoenoses. Our outcomes call for more knowledge about the diversity, ecology and fossilization pathways of past limnic biotas, particularly microorganisms and actinopterygian fishes, to reconstruct deep‐time continental ecosystems.
Early development of electrophysiological activity: Contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal
Authors: Rico‐Picó Josué , Moyano Sebastián , Conejero Ángela , Hoyo Ángela , Ballesteros‐Duperón M. Ángeles , Rueda M. Rosario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBrain function rapidly changes in the first 2 years of life. In the last decades, resting‐state EEG has been widely used to explore those changes. Previous studies have focused on the relative power of the signal in established frequency bands (i.e., theta, alpha, and beta). However, EEG power is a mixture of a 1/f‐like background power (aperiodic) in combination with narrow peaks that appear over that curve (periodic activity, e.g., alpha peak). Therefore, it is possible that relative power captures both, aperiodic and periodic brain activity, contributing to changes in electrophysiological activity observed in infancy. For this reason, we explored the early developmental trajectory of the relative power in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands from infancy to toddlerhood and compared it with changes in periodic activity in a longitudinal study with three waves at age 6, 9, and 16 to 18 months. Finally, we tested the contribution of periodic activity and aperiodic components of the EEG to age changes in relative power. We found that relative power and periodic activity trajectories differed in this period in all the frequency bands but alpha. Furthermore, aperiodic EEG activity flattened between 6 and 18 months. More importantly, only alpha relative power was exclusively related to periodic activity, whereas aperiodic components of the signal significantly contributed to the relative power of activity in theta and beta bands. Thus, relative power in these frequencies is influenced by developmental changes of the aperiodic activity, which should be considered for future studies.
Selecting an optimal real‐time fMRI neurofeedback method for alcohol craving control training
Authors: Fede Samantha J. , Kisner Mallory A. , Dean Sarah F. , Kerich Mike , Roopchansingh Vinai , Diazgranados Nancy , Momenan Reza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReal‐time fMRI neurofeedback (rt‐fMRI‐NF) is a technique in which information about an individual's neural state is given back to them, typically to enable and reinforce neuromodulation. Its clinical potential has been demonstrated in several applications, but lack of evidence on optimal parameters limits clinical utility of the technique. This study aimed to identify optimal parameters for rt‐fMRI‐NF‐aided craving regulation training in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Adults with AUD (n = 30) participated in a single‐session study of four runs of rt‐fMRI‐NF where they downregulated “craving‐related” brain activity. They received one of three types of neurofeedback: multi‐region of interest (ROI), support vector machine with continuous feedback (cSVM), and support vector machine with intermittent feedback (iSVM). Performance was assessed on the success rate, change in neural downregulation, and change in self‐reported craving for alcohol. Participants had more successful trials in run 4 versus 1, as well as improved downregulation of the insula, anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Greater downregulation of the latter two regions predicted greater reduction in craving. iSVM performed significantly worse than the other two methods. Downregulation of the striatum and dlPFC, enabled by ROI but not cSVM neurofeedback, was correlated with a greater reduction in craving. rt‐fMRI‐NF training for downregulation of alcohol craving in individuals with AUD shows potential for clinical use, though this pilot study should be followed with a larger randomized‐control trial before clinical meaningfulness can be established. Preliminary results suggest an advantage of multi‐ROI over SVM and intermittent feedback approaches.
Residual effects of 12 weeks of power‐oriented resistance training plus high‐intensity interval training on muscle dysfunction, systemic oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity after 10 months of training cessation in older people with COPD
Authors: Baltasar‐Fernandez Ivan , Losa‐Reyna Jose , Carretero Aitor , Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Alfaro‐Acha Ana , Guadalupe‐Grau Amelia , Ara Ignacio , Alegre Luis M. , Gomez‐Cabrera Mari Carmen , García‐García Francisco J. , Alcazar Julian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the residual effects of a 12‐week concurrent training program (power training + high‐intensity interval training) in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsA total of 21 older adults with COPD [intervention (INT), n = 8; control (CON), n = 13; 76.9 ± 6.8 years] were assessed at baseline and 10 months after the completion of the intervention by the short physical performance battery (SPPB), health‐related quality of life (EQ‐5D‐5L), vastus lateralis muscle thickness (MT), peak pulmonary oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and peak work rate (Wpeak), early and late isometric rate of force development (RFD), leg and chest press maximum muscle power (LPmax and CPmax), and systemic oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity.ResultsCompared to baseline, after 10 months of detraining, the INT group presented increased SPPB (∆ = 1.0 point), health‐related quality of life (∆ = 0.07 points), early RFD (∆ = 834 N∙s−1), LPmax (∆ = 62.2 W), and CPmax (∆ = 16.0 W) (all p < 0.05). In addition, a positive effect was noted in INT compared to CON regarding MT and Wpeak (both p < 0.05). No between‐group differences were reported in peak VO2, late RFD, systemic oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity from baseline to 10 months after the completion of the intervention (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsTwelve weeks of concurrent training were enough to ensure improved physical function, health‐related quality of life, early RFD and maximum muscle power and to preserve MT and Wpeak but not peak VO2, late RFD, systemic oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity in the subsequent 10 months of detraining in older adults with COPD.
Cryopreserved platelets washed with a dialysis machine for dimethyl sulphoxide removal
Authors: Yi Xiaoyang , Huang Ya , Lin Xianjue , Liu Minxia , Wu Yueqing , Ma Yuyuan , Fu Qiuxia , Yan Shaoduo , Wang Lei , Chen Yujian , Han Ying , Wang Haibao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCryopreserved platelets (cPLTs) can be stored for years and are mainly used in military settings. However, the commonly used cryoprotectant dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has toxic side effects when utilized in high quantities. We developed a novel method to aseptically remove DMSO from thawed cPLTs by dialysis.Materials and MethodsOne unit of platelets (N = 6) was mixed with 75 mL of 27% DMSO within 4 days after collection and stored at −80°C for 1 week. The platelet counts, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet activity, platelet release, platelet aggregation, platelet metabolism indicators and platelet ultrastructural features (determined by electron microscopy) of the samples at the pre‐freeze, post‐thaw wash (post‐TW) and 24 h post‐thaw wash (24‐PTW) stages were determined and compared.ResultsThe DMSO clearance rate from the post‐TW platelets was 95.56 ± 1.3%, and the platelet recovery rate after washing was 74.66 ± 6.34%. The total count, activity, release factors, aggregation and thrombolytic ability of the post‐TW platelets were lower, whereas the MPV and apoptosis rates were higher compared with those of the pre‐freeze platelets. The lactic acid, glucose and potassium ions released from the platelets during washing were filtered away by the dialyser, which significantly reduced their concentration. However, 24‐PTW platelets were metabolically active, resulting in a decrease in pH and glucose content and an increase in lactic acid content. The level of potassium ions remained low after 24 h of storage and washing. The pre‐freeze platelets maintained their normal disc shape and exhibited an open canalicular system (OCS) and a dense tubular system. The cPLTs appeared irregular after washing, with protruding pseudopodia and an extensive OCS, which increased the release of their contents.ConclusionWe developed a novel dialysis method to effectively remove DMSO from cPLTs under aseptic conditions and maintain platelet quality. The clinical efficacy of our method remains to be determined. However, the function of the platelets declined 24 h after washing, making them unsuitable for transfusion.
Stability from graph symmetrisation arguments with applications to inducibility
Authors: Liu Hong , Pikhurko Oleg , Sharifzadeh Maryam , Staden Katherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a sufficient condition for the stability property of extremal graph problems that can be solved via Zykov's symmetrisation. Our criterion is stated in terms of an analytic limit version of the problem. We show that, for example, it applies to the inducibility problem for an arbitrary complete bipartite graph , which asks for the maximum number of induced copies of in an ‐vertex graph, and to the inducibility problem for and , the only complete partite graphs on at most five vertices for which the problem was previously open.
Creating Geometric Imperfections in Thin-Walled Structures Using Acoustic Excitation
Authors: Xue Jennifer , Baizhikova Zheren , Ballarini Roberto , Chen Tian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thermomechanical buckling of slender and thin-walled structural components happens without warning and can lead to catastrophic failure. Similar phenomena are observed during plasmolysis (contraction of a plant cell’s protoplast) and rupture of viral capsids. Analytical formulas derived from stability analyses of elastic plates and shells that do not account for the effects of random geometric imperfections introduced during the manufacturing process or biological growth may vastly over-estimate buckling capacity. To ensure structural safety, the formulas must therefore be combined with empirical data to define “knockdown factors” which are in turn used to establish safety factors. Towards improved understanding of the role of imperfections on mechanical response, ingenious methods have been used to fabricate and test near-perfectly hemispherical shells and those containing dimple-like defects. However, a method of inducing imperfections in the form of randomly shaped surfaces remains elusive. We introduce a protocol for realizing such imperfect shells and measuring the pressure required to buckle them. Silicone is poured onto an elastomeric mold under an acoustic excitation, which can be either random sound, or if desired the same as the modal frequency of the mold. Illustrative micro-computed-tomography images and buckling pressure experiments of a nearly perfect shell and an imperfect one show that the method is effective in introducing randomly shaped imperfections of significant magnitudes. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the experimental results when combined with computational simulations can lead to improved understanding of stochastic buckling phenomena.
Development and Reliability of a Visual-Cognitive Reactive Triple Hop Test
Authors: Farraye Byrnadeen T. , Simon Janet E. , Chaput Meredith , Kim HoWon , Monfort Scott M. , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: June 2023

Context: Current lower-extremity return to sport testing primarily considers the physical status of an athlete; however, sport participation requires continuous cognitive dual-task engagement. Therefore, the purpose was to develop and evaluate the reliability of a visual-cognitive reactive (VCR) triple hop test that simulates the typical sport demand of combined online visual-cognitive processing and neuromuscular control to improve return to sport testing after lower-extremity injury. Design: Test–retest reliability. Methods: Twenty-one healthy college students (11 females, 23.5 [3.7] y, 1.73 [0.12] m, 73.0 [16.8] kg, Tegner Activity Scale 5.5 [1.1] points) participated. Participants performed a single-leg triple hop with and without a VCR dual task. The VCR task incorporated the FitLight system to challenge peripheral response inhibition and central working memory. Maximum hop distance, reaction time, cognitive errors, and physical errors were measured. Two identical testing visits were separated by 12 to 17 days (14 [1] d). Results: Traditional triple hop (intraclass correlation coefficients: ICC(3,1) = .96 [.91–.99]; standard error of the measurement = 16.99 cm) and the VCR triple hop (intraclass correlation coefficients(3,1) = .92 [.82–.97]; standard error of the measurement = 24.10 cm) both demonstrated excellent reliability for the maximum hop distance, and moderate reliability for the VCR triple hop reaction time (intraclass correlation coefficients(3,1) = .62 [.09–.84]; standard error of the measurement = 0.09 s). On average, the VCR triple hop resulted in a hop distance deficit of 8.17% (36.4 [5.1] cm; P < .05, d = 0.55) relative to the traditional triple hop. Conclusions: Hop distance on the VCR triple hop had excellent test–retest reliability and induced a significant physical performance deficit when compared with the traditional triple hop assessment. The VCR triple hop reaction time also demonstrated moderate reliability.
Association between 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and preventing production of antibodies to infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Phillips Jennifer , Leary Sam , Tyrrell-Price Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveCombination therapy with infliximab and a thiopurine has been shown to be more effective than monotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The therapeutic efficacy of thiopurines is correlated with 6-thioguanine (6-TGN) levels between 235 and 450 pmol/8×108erythrocytes. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the association between 6-TGN levels and inhibition prevention of the production of antibodies to infliximab (ATI).DesignWe performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients being treated with infliximab for IBD at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust. Demographic and biochemical data were extracted, alongside thiopurine metabolite levels, trough levels of infliximab and the presence of ATI. χ2tests were used to investigate the association between 6-TGN levels and prevention of ATI. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of prevented ATI between those with a 6-TGN level between 235 and 450 pmol/8×108erythrocytes, those with a 6-TGN level outside of this range, and the baseline group who were on infliximab monotherapy.ResultsData were extracted for 100 patients. Six of 32 patients with a 6-TGN level between 235 and 450 pmol/8×108erythrocytes developed ATI (18.8%) compared with 14 out of 22 (63.6%) patients with a 6-TGN outside of this range and 32 out of 46 (69.6%) patients on monotherapy (p=0.001). The OR (95% CI) for prevented ATI in those with a 6-TGN between 235 and 450 pmol/8×108erythrocytes compared with a 6-TGN outside of this range was 7.6 (2.2, 26.3) (p=0.001) and compared with monotherapy was 9.9 (3.3, 29.4) (p=0.001).Conclusion6-TGN levels between 235 and 450 pmol/8×108erythrocytes prevented production of ATI. This supports therapeutic drug monitoring to help guide treatment and maximise the beneficial effects of combination therapy for patients with IBD.