bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of nickel, cobalt oxides and nickel/cobalt binary oxides by electrodeposition and application as binder free electrodes in supercapacitors
Authors: Abbas Qaisar , Khurshid Hafsa , Yoosuf Rahana , Lawrence Jonathan , Issa Bashar A. , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Olabi Abdul Ghani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCobalt oxide, nickel oxide and cobalt/nickel binary oxides were synthesised by electrodeposition. To fine tune composition of CoNi alloys, growth parameters including voltage, electrolyte pH/concentration and deposition time were varied. These produced nanomaterials were used as binder free electrodes in supercapacitor cells and tested using three electrode setup in 2 MKOH aqueous electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge were used at different scan rates (5–100 mV/s) and current densities (1–10 A/g) respectively to investigate the capacitive behaviour and measure the capacitance of active material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyse the resistive/conductive behaviours of these electrodes in frequency range of 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz at applied voltage of 10 mV. Binary oxide electrode displayed superior electrochemical performance with the specific capacitance of 176 F/g at current density of 1 A/g. This hybrid electrode also displayed capacitance retention of over 83% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. Cell displayed low solution resistance of 0.35 Ω along with good conductivity. The proposed facile approach to synthesise binder free blended metal electrodes can result in enhanced redox activity of pseudocapacitive materials. Consequently, fine tuning of these materials by controlling the cobalt and nickel contents can assist in broadening their applications in electrochemical energy storage in general and in supercapacitors in particular.
Cluster analysis driven by unsupervised latent feature learning of medications to identify novel pharmacophenotypes of critically ill patients
Authors: Sikora Andrea , Jeong Hayoung , Yu Mengyun , Chen Xianyan , Murray Brian , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnsupervised clustering of intensive care unit (ICU) medications may identify unique medication clusters (i.e., pharmacophenotypes) in critically ill adults. We performed an unsupervised analysis with Restricted Boltzmann Machine of 991 medications profiles of patients managed in the ICU to explore pharmacophenotypes that correlated with ICU complications (e.g., mechanical ventilation) and patient-centered outcomes (e.g., length of stay, mortality). Six unique pharmacophenotypes were observed, with unique medication profiles and clinically relevant differences in ICU complications and patient-centered outcomes. While pharmacophenotypes 2 and 4 had no statistically significant difference in ICU length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, or duration of vasopressor use, their mortality differed significantly (9.0% vs. 21.9%, p < 0.0001). Pharmacophenotype 4 had a mortality rate of 21.9%, compared with the rest of the pharmacophenotypes ranging from 2.5 to 9%. Phenotyping approaches have shown promise in classifying the heterogenous syndromes of critical illness to predict treatment response and guide clinical decision support systems but have never included comprehensive medication information. This first-ever machine learning approach revealed differences among empirically-derived subgroups of ICU patients that are not typically revealed by traditional classifiers. Identification of pharmacophenotypes may enable enhanced decision making to optimize treatment decisions.
Significance of thermal relaxation on energy transport of Maxwell fluid rotating over a cylindrical surface with homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions
Authors: Ahmed Jawad , Nazir Faisal , Gunaime Nevine M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany industrial applications, including coating processes, roller bearing uses, and cooling gas turbine rotors, involve non-Newtonian fluid flow across rotating cylinders. The current study aims at evaluating the energy transport of the Maxwell fluid rotating over a horizontal cylindrical surface using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux conduction model. This model predicts the properties of thermal relaxation by revising conventional Fourier's law. Isothermal cubic autocatalytic kinetics provides a homogeneous reaction, while first-order kinetics yields a heterogeneous reaction. With the help of transformations, the system of ODEs relating the equations for energy, momentum, and concentration is produced. For a numerical solution, the bvp4c scheme, which is based on the finite difference technique in Matlab 9.7 R2019b, is used. The importance of dominant parameters is displayed with the graphical depictions for axial, radial, and azimuthal flows, as well as temperature and concentration distributions. The noteworthy results illustrate that the Maxwell parameter has a declining influence on all velocity components. Further, thermal relaxation time causes a decline in the temperature field as well. Moreover, as the homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction parameters are increased, a reduction in fluid concentration is shown.
Experimental and DFT study of photocatalytic activity of reduced graphene oxide/copper sulfide composite for removal of organic dyes from water
Authors: Sadek Mohamed S. , Khedr Ghada E. , Messih Michel F. Abdel , Ismail Mohamed Abdel Hay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, successful nanocomposites composed of different ratios of reduced graphene oxide and copper sulphide (xCuS–rGO) were fabricated to aid in treating water contaminated with organic dyes. XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, IR, EDX and BET were applied for the characterization of (CuS–rGO). The photocatalytic strength of the prepared nanocomposites was evaluated using artificial sunlight irradiation. The nanocomposites were tested for their ability to degrade both anionic and cationic organic dyes, including amaranth and rhodamine B (RhB). The excellent photocatalytic strength of our composites, relative to pristine CuS and rGO, was interpreted as rGO sheets being very porous. In addition, the charge moved efficiently from rGO to CuS. The combined properties enhanced the efficiency of photodegradation of CuS–rGO composite across the dyes under the illumination of simulated sunlight. The electron transportation from rGO sheets to the CuS conduction band enhances the charge separation and transportation. The role of superoxide radicals in photocatalytic degradation was unveiled and the interactions between the studied dyes and our catalysts were investigated by density functional theory study and scavenging investigation. This work gives new ideas about the preparation and properties of (CuS–rGO) composites and their broad application in solving environmental problems.
Multimode OAM beam generation through 1-bit programmable metasurface antenna
Authors: Nadi Morteza , Sedighy Seyed Hassan , Cheldavi Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

Abstractmodern wireless communication, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam is considered as an important technology. Some considerable efforts have been devoted to using this technology for channel capacity enhancement as much as possible. Nowadays, programmable metasurfaces provide an innovational scenario for generating multi-mode OAM beams due to their ability for digital electromagnetic waves modulation. However, the current programmable metasurfaces for generating OAM beams are typically based on reflective and transmissive modes, which have low aperture efficiency due to spillover and illumination effects. In this paper, a 1-bit programmable metasurface antenna is proposed with capability of producing highly efficient dynamic multi-mode OAM beams. The proposed structure is consisted of electronically reconfigurable meta-radiating elements loaded by PIN diodes to generate two-phase states of electric field. The designed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) can assign a code sequence of 0 or 1 to the metasurface antenna in real-time to generate multi-mode OAM beams. Hence, a dynamical surface is obtained by switching PIN diodes to change the phase distribution on the surface. To verify the concept, the metasurface antenna is fabricated and measured with different OAM beam states, which are in agreement with the full-wave simulations, properly. The designed structure introduces a capable multi-mode OAM alternative for high throughput mm-wave communications.
All silicon MIR super absorber using fractal metasurfaces
Authors: Ali Alaa M. , Ghanim AbdelRahman M. , Othman Muhammad , Swillam Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerfect absorbers can be used in photodetectors, thermal imaging, microbolometers, and thermal photovoltaic solar energy conversions. The spectrum of Mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths offers numerous advantages across a wide range of applications. In this work, we propose a fractal MIR broadband absorber which is composed of three layers: metal, dielectric, and metal (MDM), with the metal being considered as n-type doped silicon (D-Si) and the dielectric is silicon carbide (SiC). The architectural design was derived from the Sierpinski carpet fractal, and different building blocks were simulated to attain optimal absorption. The 3D finite element method (FEM) approach using COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to obtain numerical results. The suggested fractal absorber exhibits high absorption enhancement for MIR in the range between 3 and 9 µm. D-Si exhibits superior performance compared to metals in energy harvesting applications that utilize plasmonics at the mid-infrared range. Typically, semiconductors exhibit rougher surfaces than noble metals, resulting in lower scattering losses. Moreover, silicon presents various advantages, including compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and simple manufacturing through conventional silicon fabrication methods. In addition, the utilization of doped silicon material in the mid-IR region facilitates the development of microscale integrated plasmonic devices.
Microglia-dependent neuroprotective effects of 4-octyl itaconate against rotenone-and MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xia Ning , Madore Victoria , Albalakhi Ali , Lin Sonia , Stimpson Taylor , Xu Yuehang , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Bakshi Rachit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Itaconate, an endogenous metabolite derived from the tricarboxylic acid cycle via immune‐responsive gene 1 activity, may mediate anti-inflammatory responses by activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of 4-octyl itaconate (OI), a cell-permeable derivative of itaconate, in cellular models of PD. OI not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cascades of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and cytokines release in mouse BV2 microglial cells but also activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and its downstream targets in these cells. Conditioned medium derived from OI-treated BV2 cells protected against rotenone- and MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro 2A cells. Overall, our findings support the anti-inflammatory neuroprotective potential of OI in PD.
Real-time hybrid angular-interrogation surface plasmon resonance sensor in the near-infrared region for wide dynamic range refractive index sensing
Authors: Koresawa Hidenori , Seki Kota , Nishimoto Kenji , Hase Eiji , Tokizane Yu , Yano Taka-Aki , Kajisa Taira , Minamikawa Takeo , Yasui Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we integrated angle-scanning surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and angle-fixed SPR as a hybrid angular-interrogation SPR to enhance the sensing performance. Galvanometer-mirror-based beam angle scanning achieves a 100-Hz acquisition rate of both the angular SPR reflectance spectrum and the angle-fixed SPR reflectance, whereas the use of near-infrared light enhances the refractive index (RI) sensitivity, range, and precision compared with visible light. Simultaneous measurement of the angular SPR reflectance spectrum and angle-fixed SPR reflectance boosts the RI change range, RI resolution, and RI accuracy to 10–1–10–6 RIU, 2.24 × 10−6 RIU, and 5.22 × 10−6 RIU, respectively. The proposed hybrid SPR is a powerful tool for wide-dynamic-range RI sensing with various applications.
The neuroprotective effects of FG-4592, a hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, against oxidative stress induced by alpha-synuclein in N2a cells
Authors: Fujimaki Ayaka , Ohuchi Kazuki , Takizawa Shinnosuke , Murakami Takanori , Kurita Hisaka , Hozumi Isao , Wen Xiaopeng , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Wu Zhiliang , Maekawa Yoichi , Inden Masatoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The pathological hallmark of PD is the appearance of intraneuronal cytoplasmic α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, called Lewy bodies. α-Syn aggregation is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress is also associated with the progression of PD. In the present study, to investigate whether a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PH) inhibitor, FG-4592 (also called roxadustat), has neuroprotective effects against α-Syn-induced neurotoxicity, we employed a novel α-Syn stably expressing cell line (named α-Syn-N2a cells) utilizing a piggyBac transposon system. In α-Syn-N2a cells, oxidative stress and cell death were induced by α-Syn, and FG-4592 showed significant protection against this neurotoxicity. However, FG-4592 did not affect α-Syn protein levels. FG-4592 triggered heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression downstream of HIF-1α in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, FG-4592 decreased the production of reactive oxygen species possibly via the activation of HO-1 and subsequently suppressed α-Syn-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, FG-4592 regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration via the induction of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α. As FG-4592 has various neuroprotective effects against α-Syn and is involved in drug repositioning, it may have novel therapeutic potential for PD.
Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Xu Xingtao , Pan Likun 
Published: September 2023

The exploration of new-family desalination techniques has become increasingly important in recent decades. Capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted multidisciplinary interest as a promising alternative to the conventional desalination techniques of reverse osmosis and electro-osmosis, due to several attractive features such as low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and high water utilization efficiency. CDI desalts saline water through storing ions in electrical double layers of porous carbons or by redox reactions with faradic materials.
This is the first book to specialise in CDI and aims to showcase the fundamentals and progressive achievements of the research. Chapters cover the timeline of CDI technologies, the expansion of new-family electrode materials, exploitation of new-concept CDI devices, and applications of CDI in other new areas. In addition, the book provides new insights into future directions for the development of CDI and other emerging nanotechnologies for addressing the energy-water nexus.
Edited by a founder of the field, the book will be of interest to those researching water desalination and purification across chemistry, materials science and environmental science.
Positionspapier der Arbeitsgruppe Chronisch Entzündliche Darmerkrankungen der ÖGGH zum Einsatz von Vedolizumab subkutan
Authors: Reider Simon , Novacek Gottfried , Haas Thomas , Gröchenig Hans-Peter , Platzer Reingard , Koch Robert , Kump Patrizia Katharina , Reinisch Walter , Moschen Alexander 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDer humanisierte monoklonale anti-α4β7-Integrin-Antikörper Vedolizumab ist eine von mehreren biologischen Therapieoptionen bei moderaten und schweren Verläufen von Colitis ulcerosa und Morbus Crohn. Im Zuge des VISIBLE-Studienprogramms wurde zusätzlich zur etablierten intravenösen Verabreichung eine subkutane Administrationsform von Vedolizumab erprobt. Die Arbeitsgruppe CED der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie (ÖGGH) fasst in diesem Positionspapier die Datenlage zur subkutanen Applikation von Vedolizumab zusammen, ergänzt ein bestehendes Positionspapier zum Stellenwert von Vedolizumab als Erstlinientherapie bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen und bietet praxisnahe Empfehlungen zur praktischen Anwendung.
Moderately severe acute pancreatitis after snake bite: a case report from Southern China
Authors: Cao Ronglai , He Jinli , Yu Zhengping , Chen Youxiang , Zhu Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVenomous snakebites are not rare worldwide, and this is also the situation in the mountainous regions of southern China, where they pose a serious health risk to the local population. Snake venom usually causes a variety of clinical symptoms, such as local pain and swelling, systemic coagulation system abnormalities, and shock, but rarely leads to acute pancreatitis. In this report, we presented a rare case of moderately severe acute pancreatitis caused by snake venom even after prompt antivenom treatment. The patient was relieved, obviously, with effective treatment of acute pancreatitis and was discharged without severe complications. Although acute pancreatitis after snake bite is a rarity, its serious complications and lethality still deserve our utmost attention, and timely and standardized treatment of acute pancreatitis is needed in addition to antivenom treatment.
Chemical Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalene Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Hussain Nazar , Maheshwari Mittali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis review outlines progress in the synthesis of substituted naphthalene derivatives. Naphthalene and its derivatives exhibit various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antitubercular, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, etc. Several strategies have been developed for the construction of naphthalene derivatives, primarily focused on metal-catalyzed reactions (palladium, copper, zinc, rhodium, platinum, nickel, etc.,) and Lewis acid catalyzed transformations. This review discusses the preparations of naphthalene derivatives using various salts such as gallium chlorides, gold chlorides, gold bromides, various gold complexes as well as Brønsted acids like triflic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, and Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride etherate. Additionally, miscellaneous types of reactions are explored involving both metal and Lewis acids. The transformational approaches covered in this review include cycloadditions, carboannulations, benzannulations, electroannulations, rearrangements, and cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions. Overall this review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the current state of preparations of substituted naphthalenes, highlighting their medicinal and industrial importance.1	Introduction1.1	Medicinal Importance of Naphthalenes2	Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes2.1	Metal-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.1	Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.2	Copper-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.3	Zinc-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.4	Iron-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.5	Rhodium-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.6	Platinum-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.7	Nickel-Catalyzed Reactions2.1.8	Other Metal-Catalyzed Reactions3	Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions4	Miscellaneous Reactions5	Conclusion
Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Microstructure in CT Scans of People with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Almeida Viviane de Sousa Moreira , Soares Mariana Quirino Silveira , Leite-Ribeiro Patricia Miranda , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fischer , Lins-Kusterer Liliane Elze Falcão , Sarmento Viviane Almeida 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited disease, and is characterized by a genetic modification that determines the production of a hemoglobin with altered morphology. This anatomical change of hemoglobin leads to vaso-occlusive disorders and premature hemolysis of the cell, causing chronic anemia and bone marrow hyperplasia due to increased hematopoietic demand. As a consequence, several skeletal changes are reported in the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, femur, and metatarsals. In the craniofacial region, dentofacial deformities are described, especially maxillary protrusion. However, studies evaluating bone microarchitecture are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mandibular bone microstructure of people with SCD on computed tomography (CT) scans.
Materials and Methods Morphometric parameters were analyzed on CT scans of the mandible of people with SCD and people without this disease or any other disease affecting bone metabolism, matched for sex and age.
Statistical Analysis The results were compared by Student's t-test for paired samples and for an error probability of 5%.
Results This study demonstrated that the mandibular bone of people with SCD presents significantly less number, connectivity and thickness of bone trabeculae, as well as having a lower fractal dimension and greater porosity.
Conclusion Mandibular bone of people with SCD has lower bone density and more widely spaced trabeculae.
Gemination of an Erupted Mandibular Third Molar: A Short Presentation of an Exceptionally Rare Clinical Occurrence
Authors: Brauer Hans Ulrich , Bartols Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDouble teeth, like fusions and geminations, are rare disorders of tooth development. In this short case presentation, we describe the unique appearance of a fully erupted mandibular wisdom tooth in a 72-year-old patient whose tooth exhibited gemination. This was possible because tooth 46 had to be removed from the patient at the age of 20 and the missing molar was not replaced. This geminated tooth of 48 had been in function for almost 50 years and finally had to be removed due to a periodontal inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case presented of this dental anomaly for a fully erupted lower wisdom tooth.