bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest‐site selection by cinnamon teal and other ground‐nesting ducks in Great Salt Lake wetlands
Authors: Bell Mark E. , Conover Michael R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGround‐nesting ducks can reduce nest depredation by selecting nest sites where local physical structures or vegetation provide olfactory or visual concealment. We evaluated nest‐site selection by comparing duck nests to random sites during 2019 and 2020 in the impounded wetlands of Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, USA. During wet springs, most of the wetlands are underwater, leaving only the dams available as nesting substrate. We located the nests of 399 cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera), 137 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and 162 gadwalls (Mareca strepera) on the dams. At nest and random sites, we measured overhead concealment, lateral concealment, average height of vegetation in the nest patch, standard deviation of vegetation height in the nest patch, tallest vegetation within 1 m of nest, dam width, and distance from the nest to the road along the center of the dam. We found that mallards and gadwalls did not select for any of these characteristics. Cinnamon teal selected for nest sites that had more overhead concealment. We also found mixed evidence that cinnamon teal selected nest sites where dams were wider. All species also favored heterogeneous patches of vegetation for nesting over homogenous ones. Duck nests had a clumped distribution in wetlands that contained colonies of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black‐necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and common terns (Sterna hirundo), with nests located inside the colonies, but showed a random distribution in other wetlands. Prior to 1980, approximately half of the world's population of cinnamon teal nested in GSL wetlands, but since that time the nesting population has declined greatly. Given this decline, management actions should be conducted that will improve overhead cover and widen dikes within the species' nesting habitat.
Author Gender Identification Considering Gender Bias
Authors: Jeyaraj Manuela Nayantara , Delany Sarah Jane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWriting style and choice of words used in textual content can vary between men and women both in terms of who the text is talking about and who is writing the text. The focus of this paper is on author gender prediction, identifying the gender of who is writing the text. We compare closed and open vocabulary approaches on different types of textual content including more traditional writing styles such as in books, and more recent writing styles used in user generated content on digital platforms such as blogs and social media messaging. As supervised machine learning approaches can reflect human biases in the data they are trained on, we also consider the gender bias of the different approaches across the different types of dataset. We show that open vocabulary approaches perform better both in terms of prediction performance and with less gender bias.
Exploring Abstractive vs. Extractive Summarisation Techniques for Sports News
Authors: Jouda Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe high demand generated by the information age has led to recent breakthroughs in both extractive and abstractive text summarisation. This work explores the algorithms that were the product of these advances, focusing on the domain of sports news summarisation. By creating a new hybrid evaluation system that incorporates automatic evaluation metrics, such as ROUGE and BLEU scores, with human evaluation, we observe that abstractive techniques return the best results in the sports domain. This also generalises to the domain of political articles. However, here the metrics report lower scores across most algorithms. Another finding is that the algorithms considered perform independently of the dialect of English used.
Explaining the Effects of Preprocessing on Constraint Satisfaction Search
Authors: Wallace Richard J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPreprocessing constraint satisfaction problems is a much studied method for improving the performance of subsequent solution search. The traditional explanation for its beneficial effects is “problem reduction”, where possible values that cannot take part in a solution are discarded, leaving fewer possibilities to explore during search. Here, we show that this is not the only or even the main factor when dynamic variable ordering heuristics are used. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that under these conditions domain reductions effected by preprocessing serve to inform the heuristic as to which variables should be chosen for instantiation before others. It is suggested that an information transmission model is needed to account for such effects, and it is argued that an extension of this approach can incorporate simple domain reduction effects as well.
Analysis of Attention Mechanisms in Box-Embedding Systems
Authors: Sardina Jeffrey , Sardina Callie , Kelleher John D. , O’Sullivan Declan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge-scale Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have recently gained considerable research attention for their ability to model the inter- and intra- relationships of data. However, the huge scale of KGs has necessitated the use of querying methods to facilitate human use. Question Answering (QA) systems have shown much promise in breaking down this human-machine barrier. A recent QA model that achieved state-of-the-art performance, Query2box, modelled queries on a KG using box embeddings with an attention mechanism backend to compute the intersections of boxes for query resolution. In this paper, we introduce a new model, Query2Geom, which replaces the Query2box attention mechanism with a novel, exact geometric calculation. Our findings show that Query2Geom generally matches the performance of Query2box while having many fewer parameters. Our analysis of the two models leads us to formally describe the interaction between knowledge graph data and box embeddings with the concepts of semantic-geometric alignment and mismatch. We create the Attention Deviation Metric as a measure of how well the geometry of box embeddings captures the semantics of a knowledge graph, and apply it to explain the difference in performance between Query2box and Query2Geom. We conclude that Query2box’s attention mechanism operates using “latent intersections” that attend to the semantic properties in embeddings not expressed in box geometry, acting as a limit on model interpretability. Finally, we generalise our results and propose that semantic-geometric mismatch is a more general property of attention mechanisms, and provide future directions on how to formally model the interaction between attention and latent semantics.
Aufstellung 4: Attitude-Behaviour Gap
Authors: Rieck Louise Ina Hannah 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungMein ursprünglicher Fokus bei dieser Aufstellung lag auf einem Phänomen, das in der Konsumforschung als ein zentrales Forschungsfeld gilt: der sogenannten „Attitude-Behaviour Gap“, also der Kluft zwischen Umweltbewusstsein und tatsächlichem Konsumverhalten. Das holistische Setting der Aufstellung hat jedoch weit darüber hinausgehende Beobachtungen ermöglicht: Wie wirkt sich herkömmliches Nachhaltigkeitsmarketing auf Transformationsprozesse aus, und welche Kraft kann demgegenüber ein anderes, auf Zukunft ausgerichtetes Marketing entfalten?
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Rieck Louise Ina Hannah 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungAls vorläufiges Ergebnis meines Forschungsweges steht ein hypothetisches Modell eines zukunftsorientierten Marketing. Im Marketing-Mix eines zukunftsorientierten Marketing wandeln sich die klassischen 4 P (Price, Product, Promotion, Placement) zu den 4 Z (Zielgruppengerechte, zukunftsfähige Handlungsoptionen für Kund:innen; Zusammenarbeit mit transformativen Kundengruppen; Zuhören für eine sensible Legitimation unvermeidlicher Trade-offs; Zusammenhalt und Zuversicht mittels eines neuen Konsumnarrativs).
Flipped Classroom im Physikunterricht der Sekundarstufe I – Auswirkungen auf die Veränderung des individuellen Interesses im Bereich der E-Lehre
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Elsholz Markus , Haase Sebastian , Burde Jan-Philipp , Wilhelm Thomas , Trefzger Thomas 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungInteressen stellen zentrale motivationale Komponenten bei der Auseinandersetzung mit einem Lerngegenstand dar und können als wichtige Prädiktoren für das Lernen angesehen werden. Die Attraktivität einer Lernumgebung kann durch unterschiedliche sogenannte Catch-Komponenten gesteigert werden und so ein situationales Interesse bei den Lernenden auslösen. Dieses gilt es durch den Einsatz sogenannter Hold-Komponenten aufrechtzuerhalten, um individuelles Interesse zu fördern. In diesem Zusammenhang spielen emotionale und wertbezogene Valenzen der Lernenden eine entscheidende Rolle, die durch das Erleben von Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit positiv beeinflusst werden können. Diese drei psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse werden im Flipped Classroom durch ein selbstbestimmtes und individuelles Lernen mit Erklärvideos, interaktiven Quizfragen und Aufgaben und einen vermehrt auf kooperative und kollaborative Arbeitsphasen ausgerichteten Unterricht in einer besonderen Weise adressiert. In dem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse zur Veränderung des individuellen Interesses aus einer Vergleichsstudie zwischen dem Flipped Classroom und dem klassischen Physikunterricht im Bereich der E-Lehre vorgestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang zeigt sich, dass insbesondere Schülerinnen aus Klassen mit einem naturwissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkt von der Methode Flipped Classroom profitieren und sich somit das aus der Literatur bekannte Auseinanderdriften in den Interessensentwicklungen zwischen Schülerinnen und Schülern aufhalten lässt.
Holographic entanglement entropy probe on spontaneous symmetry breaking with vector order
Authors: Park Chanyong , Kim Gitae , Chae Ji-seong , Oh Jae-Hyuk 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study holographic entanglement entropy in 5-dimensional charged black brane geometry obtained from Einstein-SU(2)Yang-Mills theory defined in asymptotically AdS space. This gravity system undergoes second order phase transition near its critical point, where a spatial component of the Yang-Mills fields appears, which is normalizable mode of the solution. This is known as phase transition between isotropic and anisotropic phases, where in anisotropic phase, SO(3)-isometry(spatial rotation) in bulk geometry is broken down to SO(2) by emergence of the spatial component of Yang-Mills fields, which corresponds to a vector order in dual field theory. We get analytic solutions of holographic entanglement entropies by utilizing the solution of bulk spacetime geometry given in arXiv:1109.4592, where we consider subsystems defined on AdS boundary of which shapes are wide and thin slabs and a cylinder. It turns out that the entanglement entropies near the critical point shows scaling behavior such that for both of the slabs and cylinder, $$ {\Delta}_{\varepsilon }S\sim {\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)}^{\beta } $$

Δ
ε

S
∼

1
−

T

T
c

β

and the critical exponent β = 1, where ∆εS ≡ Siso− Saniso, and Siso denotes the entanglement entropy in isotropic phase whereas Saniso denotes that in anisotropic phase. We suggest a quantity O12≡ S1− S2 as a new order parameter near the critical point, where S1 is entanglement entropy when the slab is perpendicular to the direction of the vector order whereas S2 is that when the slab is parallel to the vector order. O12 = 0 in isotropic phase but in anisotropic phase, the order parameter becomes non-zero showing the same scaling behavior. Finally, we show that even near the critical point, the first law of entanglement entropy is held. Especially, we find that the entanglement temperature for the cylinder is $$ {\mathcal{T}}_{cy}=\frac{c_{\textrm{ent}}}{a} $$

T
cy

=

c
ent

a

, where cent = 0.163004 ± 0.000001 and a is the radius of the cylinder.
The gravitational field outside a spatially compact stationary source in a generic fourth-order theory of gravity
Authors: Wu Bofeng , Huang Chao-Guang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
By applying the symmetric and trace-free formalism in terms of the irreducible Cartesian tensors, the metric for the external gravitational field of a spatially compact stationary source is provided in F(X, Y, Z) gravity, a generic fourth-order theory of gravity, where X := R is Ricci scalar, Y := RμνRμν is Ricci square, and Z := RμνρσRμνρσ is Riemann square. A new type of gauge condition is proposed so that the linearized gravitational field equations of F(X, Y, Z) gravity are greatly simplified, and then, the stationary metric in the region exterior to the source is derived. In the process of applying the result, integrations are performed only over the domain occupied by the source. The multipole expansion of the metric potential in F(X, Y, Z) gravity for a spatially compact stationary source is also presented. In the expansion, the corrections of F(X, Y, Z) gravity to General Relativity are Yukawa-like ones, dependent on two characteristic lengths. Two additional sets of mass-type source multipole moments appear in the corrections and the salient feature characterizing them is that the integrations in their expressions are always modulated by a common radial factor related to the source distribution.
Absorbance measurement for in situ process regime identification in laser processing
Authors: Wittemer Moritz , Grünewald Jonas , Wudy Katrin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Laser melting can be conducted in two different process regimes, the conduction and the keyhole mode, which exhibit significantly different characteristics, dynamics, and stability and are highly sensitive to a magnitude of process parameters. Despite these differences and the resulting high relevance of the prevailing process regime for process development, the regime is commonly deduced after specimen testing. An identification of the regime parallel to the process could speed up the process development of, for example, laser beam welding or laser-based powder bed fusion of metals. Therefore, the possibility of an in situ regime identification under process-near conditions is the aim of these investigations. For this, the absorbance is measured in situ by using an integrating sphere on an in-house-developed test rig. This test rig can mimic real production process conditions to detect the characteristic change in the degree of absorption when switching between the process regimes. These measurements were conducted during experiments in which only the laser power was varied. A significant change in absorption was detected at a threshold laser power of 100 W, which correlates with the transition between the process regimes’ conduction and keyhole regime. This threshold was proven by subsequent identification analysis of micrographic cross sections. This correlation promises the possibility of fast in situ process regime identification under near-real production process conditions with the potential of accelerating process development.
Initial laboratory validation of temperature development models for Necrodes littoralis L. (Staphylinidae: Silphinae)
Authors: Gruszka Joanna , Matuszewski Szymon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDevelopment models of necrophagous insects are applied in forensic entomology for post-mortem interval estimation. Such estimates may be used as scientific evidence in legal investigations. For this reason, it is important that the models are valid and that the expert witness is aware of their limitations. Necrodes littoralis L. (Staphylinidae: Silphinae) is a necrophagous beetle species that frequently colonizes human cadavers. Temperature models of development for the Central European population of these beetles were recently published. In this article, we present results of the laboratory validation study for these models. Errors of beetle age estimation differed significantly between the models. Thermal summation models yielded the most accurate estimates, and the isomegalen diagram least accurate estimates. Errors of the beetle age estimation varied across beetle developmental stages and rearing temperatures. In general, most development models of N. littoralis were satisfactorily accurate in estimating beetle age under laboratory conditions; therefore, the study provides initial evidence to support their validity in forensic cases.
Subcutaneous chondromyxoid fibroma with a novel PNISR::GRM1 fusion—report of a primary soft tissue tumour without connection to an underlying bone
Authors: Zupan Andrej , Salapura Vladka , Šekoranja Daja , Pižem Jože 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare benign bone tumour. While CMF located entirely on the surface of a bone (i.e. juxtacortical CMF) has been well characterised, CMF has not so far been convincingly documented to arise in soft tissues without connection to an underlying bone.We report a subcutaneous CMF in a 34-year-old male, located on the distal medial aspect of the right thigh without any connection with the femur. The tumour measured 15 mm, it was well-circumscribed and displayed typical morphological features of a CMF. At the periphery, there was a small area of metaplastic bone. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were diffusely positive for smooth muscle actin and GRM1, and negative for S100 protein, desmin and cytokeratin AE1AE3. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed a novel PNISR::GRM1 gene fusion.Our case indicates that CMF should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue (including subcutaneous) tumours composed of spindle/ovoid cells, with a lobular architecture and chondromyxoid matrix. The diagnosis of CMF arising in soft tissues can be confirmed by identifying a GRM1 gene fusion or GRM1 expression by immunohistochemistry.
Acute versus delayed total hip arthroplasty after acetabular fracture fixation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Kaifeng , Gani Muhammad Haseeb , Griffin Xavier , Culpan Paul , Mukabeta Takura , Bates Peter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a disabling complication of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acetabular fractures. There is a trend towards acute total hip arthroplasty (THA), ‘fix-and-replace’, in patients considered to have a poor prognosis and likelihood of PTOA. Controversy remains between early fix-and-replace, versus delayed THA as required after initial ORIF. This systematic review included studies comparing functional and clinical outcomes between acute versus delayed THA after displaced acetabular fractures.

Methods
Comprehensive searches following the PRISMA guideline were performed on six databases for articles in English published anytime up to 29 March 2021. Two authors screened articles and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Patient demographics, fracture classification, functional and clinical outcomes were compiled and analysed.

Results
The search yielded 2770 unique studies, of which five retrospective studies were identified with a total of 255 patients. Of them, 138 (54.1%) were treated with acute and 117 (45.9%) treated with delayed THA. Delayed THA group represented a younger cohort compared to the acute group (mean age, 64.3 vs 73.3). The mean follow-up time for the acute and delayed group was 23 and 50 months, respectively. There was no difference in functional outcomes between the two study groups. Complication and mortality rates were comparable. Delayed THA had a higher revision rate compared to the acute group (17.1 vs 4.3%; p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Fix-and-replace had functional outcomes and complication rates similar to ORIF and delayed THA, but lower revision rates. Although the quality of studies was mixed, sufficient equipoise now exists to justify randomised studies in this area.
PROSPERO registration: CRD42021235730
The Impact of Climate Legislation on Trade-Related Carbon Emissions 1996–2018
Authors: Eskander Shaikh M. S. U. , Fankhauser Sam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe analyse the international impact on carbon emissions from national climate legislation in 111 countries over 1996–2018. We estimate trade-related carbon leakage, or net carbon imports, as the difference between consumption and production emissions. Legislation has had a significant negative and roughly similar impact on both consumption and production emissions. The net impact on trade-related emissions is therefore not statistically significant, neither in the short term (laws passed in the last 3 years) nor the long term (laws older than 3 years). We find a significant negative long-term impact on domestic emissions from laws passed by trade partners. This latter specification corresponds to the traditional definition of carbon leakage. Overall, we conclude that there has been no detrimental effect of climate legislation on international emissions.
Life cycle assessment on construction and demolition waste recycling: a systematic review analyzing three important quality aspects
Authors: Bayram Berfin , Greiff Kathrin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly being applied to construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling. But what is the current state of LCA studies on CDW recycling? In the context of circular economy, several aspects become important in LCA, such as avoided impacts and consideration of the quality of recycled materials. The aim of this study is to identify inconsistencies and best practices, and then provide recommendations for future LCA studies focusing on CDW recycling.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review on 76 journal articles. First, a general mapping of the selected studies was performed including the temporal and geographical distribution, and a bibliometric analysis to capture the linkages between the studies. Within the LCA content-based analysis, an in-depth assessment of three important quality aspects: (1) quality of the study based on the applied LCA methodology, (2) inclusion of material quality in LCA, and (3) data quality considering sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, was carried out. Major LCA components such as functional unit (FU), software, database, system approach (attributional or consequential), allocation method, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation were evaluated. A special emphasis was placed on avoided impacts and the inclusion of recycled material quality in the LCA.

Results and discussion
In this review, it was found that many essential elements of LCA were missing or not implemented correctly. For example, in the definition of FU, some studies did not mention any FU, others defined an invalid FU, and most of the studies defined a uniform FU, which was most likely confused with the reference flow. The main problem observed is the lack of transparent reporting on the different elements of LCA. Regarding avoided impacts, for instance, only 13 studies reported the avoided materials and their substitution coefficients. Also, 6 studies used the term “virgin material” for avoided impacts without further information, which is a very broad term and difficult to interpret. Furthermore, only 12 studies included the quality of recycled material in the LCA.

Conclusion
To obtain reliable LCA results, the practitioners should follow the principal LCA methodology and peer-reviewers should ensure the proper implementation. In CDW recycling, the differentiation between downcycling and recycling is essential; therefore, the quality of recycled materials should be included in the LCA. Considering inconsistent implementation of avoided impacts, a standardized and well-defined avoided impact framework is suggested to be developed to improve the quality and reliability of future LCA studies.