bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Fluid Flow and Mixing in Microchannel and their Design and
Manufacture for Microfluidic Applications
Authors: Sarma Pranjal , Patowari Promod Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The present time has witnessed a never-before-heard interest in and applications of microfluidic
devices and systems. In microfluidic systems, fluid flows and is manipulated in microchannels.
Mixing is one of the most important criteria for a majority of microfluidic systems, whose laminar nature
hinders the efficiency of micromixing. The interface between the flowing fluid and the inner wall
surface of the microchannel greatly influences the behaviour of fluidic flow in microfluidics. Many researchers
have tried to pattern the surface, introduce obstacles to flow, and include micro- or nanoprotruded
structures to enhance the mixing efficiency by manipulating the microchannel flow. New
and rapid advances in MEMS and micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled researchers to experiment
with increasingly complex designs, enabling rapid transformation and dissemination of new
knowledge in the field of microfluidics. Here, we report the fluid flow characteristics, mixing, and associated
phenomena about microfluidic systems. Microfluidic systems and components such as microreactors,
micromixers, and microchannels are reviewed in this work. We review active and passive micromixers,
with a primary focus on widely used passive micromixers. Various microchannel geometries
and their features, mixing efficiencies, numerical analysis, and fabrication methods are reviewed.
Applications as well as possible future trends and advancements in this field, are included too. It is expected
to make the reader curious and more familiar with the interesting field of microfluidics.
Role of Incentives in the Use of Blockchain-Based Platforms for Sharing Sensitive Health Data: Experimental Study
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pouyan , Mirzaei Tala 
Published: August 2023

Background
Blockchain is an emerging technology that enables secure and decentralized approaches to reduce technical risks and governance challenges associated with sharing data. Although blockchain-based solutions have been suggested for sharing health information, it is still unclear whether a suitable incentive mechanism (intrinsic or extrinsic) can be identified to encourage individuals to share their sensitive data for research purposes.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate how important extrinsic incentives are and what type of incentive is the best option in blockchain-based platforms designed for sharing sensitive health information.

Methods
In this study, we conducted 3 experiments with 493 individuals to investigate the role of extrinsic incentives (ie, cryptocurrency, money, and recognition) in data sharing with research organizations.

Results
The findings highlight that offering different incentives is insufficient to encourage individuals to use blockchain technology or to change their perceptions about the technology’s premise for sharing sensitive health data. The results demonstrate that individuals still attribute serious risks to blockchain-based platforms. Privacy and security concerns, trust issues, lack of knowledge about the technology, lack of public acceptance, and lack of regulations are reported as top risks. In terms of attracting people to use blockchain-based platforms for data sharing in health care, we show that the effects of extrinsic motivations (cryptoincentives, money, and status) are significantly overshadowed by inhibitors to technology use.

Conclusions
We suggest that before emphasizing the use of various types of extrinsic incentives, the users must be educated about the capabilities and benefits offered by this technology. Thus, an essential first step for shifting from an institution-based data exchange to a patient-centric data exchange (using blockchain) is addressing technology inhibitors to promote patient-driven data access control. This study shows that extrinsic incentives alone are inadequate to change users’ perceptions, increase their trust, or encourage them to use technology for sharing health data.
Automating Detection of Drug-Related Harms on Social Media: Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Fisher Andrew , Young Matthew Maclaren , Payer Doris , Pacheco Karen , Dubeau Chad , Mago Vijay 
Published: August 2023

Background
A hallmark of unregulated drug markets is their unpredictability and constant evolution with newly introduced substances. People who use drugs and the public health workforce are often unaware of the appearance of new drugs on the unregulated market and their type, safe dosage, and potential adverse effects. This increases risks to people who use drugs, including the risk of unknown consumption and unintentional drug poisoning. Early warning systems (EWSs) can help monitor the landscape of emerging drugs in a given community by collecting and tracking up-to-date information and determining trends. However, there are currently few ways to systematically monitor the appearance and harms of new drugs on the unregulated market in Canada.

Objective
The goal of this work is to examine how artificial intelligence can assist in identifying patterns of drug-related risks and harms, by monitoring the social media activity of public health and law enforcement groups. This information is beneficial in the form of an EWS as it can be used to identify new and emerging drug trends in various communities.

Methods
To collect data for this study, 145 relevant Twitter accounts throughout Quebec (n=33), Ontario (n=78), and British Columbia (n=34) were manually identified. Tweets posted between August 23 and December 21, 2021, were collected via the application programming interface developed by Twitter for a total of 40,393 tweets. Next, subject matter experts (1) developed keyword filters that reduced the data set to 3746 tweets and (2) manually identified relevant tweets for monitoring and early warning efforts for a total of 464 tweets. Using this information, a zero-shot classifier was applied to tweets from step 1 with a set of keep (drug arrest, drug discovery, and drug report) and not-keep (drug addiction support, public safety report, and others) labels to see how accurately it could extract the tweets identified in step 2.

Results
When looking at the accuracy in identifying relevant posts, the system extracted a total of 584 tweets and had an overlap of 392 out of 477 (specificity of ~84.5%) with the subject matter experts. Conversely, the system identified a total of 3162 irrelevant tweets and had an overlap of 3090 (sensitivity of ~94.1%) with the subject matter experts.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the benefits of using artificial intelligence to assist in finding relevant tweets for an EWS. The results showed that it can be quite accurate in filtering out irrelevant information, which greatly reduces the amount of manual work required. Although the accuracy in retaining relevant information was observed to be lower, an analysis showed that the label definitions can impact the results significantly and would therefore be suitable for future work to refine. Nonetheless, the performance is promising and demonstrates the usefulness of artificial intelligence in this domain.
THE CHANGES AND SPREAD OF SETTLEMENTS OF CHINESE PADANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Erniwati Erniwati , Yulfa Arie , Syafrina Yelda , Saumia Zulfa , Naldi Hendra , Surtani Surtani , Nizam Khairul 
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the changes and distribution of Chinese settlements in Padang before and after 1945. This article aims to explain the process of change and distribution of Chinese settlements and identify the underlying factors. This article uses a historical approach by utilizing document and oral data by conducting FGDs. A field survey was conducted with a high-resolution satellite and processed with Geographical Information System (GIS). This article concludes; (1) During Dutch East Indies Government, the Chinese did not strictly isolated, their settlement was found outside of the Chinese camp; (2) The distribution of Chinese settlements became more intense through expansion of the city and the development of settlements since the 1980s. (3) The 2009 Padang earthquake had a significant impact on the changes and distribution of Chinese settlements; (4) Currently, Chinese settlements are scattered in almost all city areas in form of lot and cluster housing with various types.
Canada: A Pathfinder in Search of a Path
Authors: Durrant Joan 
Published: August 2023

The six papers in this special issue provide a context for understanding the rationale for law reform to fully protect children from corporal punishment. As a Pathfinding Country for the UN Global Partnership to End Violence against Children, Canada has an obligation to remove Section 43 of the Criminal Code, the defence that “justifies” corporal punishment of children. As fellow nations influenced by the English common law underlying that defence, Ireland, Scotland and Wales provide models for Canada. They demonstrate that the arguments that commonly derail repeal in Canada can be overcome.
Discussion of: The Inherent Conflict between Progressive Tax Rates and Income Inequality: Lessons from COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Adams Jillian R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
In this discussion of “The Inherent Conflict Between Progressive Tax Rates and Income Inequality: Lessons from COVID-19 Restrictions” (Goldman, Lusch, and Sadka 2022), I first provide context in which to better understand the article’s findings and contribution. I then discuss endogeneity and the generalizability of the article’s findings. I conclude with suggestions for future research.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Skills Required to Succeed in Public Accounting: Perceptions of Black and White Accountants
Authors: Dey R. Mithu , Lim Lucy , Dickins Denise , Quamina Lesia 
Published: August 2023

SYNOPSIS
We explore an understudied impact of race in public accounting careers: differences in perceptions of the skills necessary to succeed. Based on data collected from surveys of approximately 1,400 public accountants, we find that although the skills perceived as necessary to succeed are the same for all accountants (i.e., technical and interpersonal, practice development, social interactions, and academic achievement), practice development and social interactions are perceived as significantly more important to Black accountants. These perceptions are likely impacted by the underrepresentation of Black accountants in their firms and at their clients, which may result in fewer opportunities to acquire or improve these skills. Technical skills can be learned without the direct assistance of others, but learning practice development skills and social interactions require the support of others. Recommendations collected from the study’s participants to help advance the practice development and social interaction skills of Black accountants are included.
Automation Bias and the “Goldilocks Effect” in Auditing Blockchain
Authors: Campbell Cory A. , Ramamoorti Sridhar , Calderon Thomas G. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Blockchain technology appears to have unique characteristics such as inherent trust, immutability, transparency, and tighter security that might facilitate the audit process. Using a survey of AICPA members, we examine responses to the evaluation of audit evidence related to management assertions in a blockchain-enabled environment. We posit three possible effects pertaining to reliance on audit evidence in blockchain-enabled environments: (1) Goldilocks Effect (no automation bias) or the ideal scenario where auditors exhibit “just right” levels of professional skepticism and due care resulting in an optimal level of auditing; (2) Halo Effect or positive automation bias, which potentially results in over-reliance on evidence and, in turn, underauditing and; (3) Hype Effect or negative automation bias, which potentially results in under-reliance on evidence and, in turn, overauditing. Our results suggest that respondents to our survey are predominantly influenced by the Halo Effect, indicating a propensity for positive automation bias across management assertions.
Enhanced Compensation Disclosure and Ex Post Discretionary Adjustments of Realized Performance in Executive Incentive Contracts
Authors: Kim Sunyoung , Shin Jae Yong 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent research shows that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s enhanced compensation disclosures introduced in 2006 reduced boards’ flexibility in their compensation decisions and that boards immediately reacted by increasing executive pay to compensate for additional pay risk. We investigate firms’ longer-term reactions to these new disclosure rules. We find that firms often adjust realized earnings per share ex post when deciding their executives’ bonuses, and this practice has gained popularity since 2006. The use of ex post discretionary adjustments is more pronounced when boards’ demand for compensation flexibility is higher. Overall, our findings suggest that ex post discretionary adjustments are a source of flexibility that boards use to cope with limited compensation flexibility under the new compensation discussion and analysis disclosure rules.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M41; M52.
The Effects of Span of Control and Temporal Disaggregation of Performance Reports on Discretionary Performance Evaluations
Authors: Ghita Razvan S. , Maas Victor S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Span of control and temporal disaggregation of performance reports are two important control system elements that jointly determine the benchmarks that managers have available when evaluating employees’ performance. Using an experiment, we investigate whether widening managers’ span of control and temporally disaggregating performance reports affect managers’ evaluation decisions. We predict and find that managers with a wider span of control evaluate their best performing employees more favorably and their worst performing employees less favorably. We also find that disaggregating performance reports, i.e., providing quarterly performance figures in addition to annual performance figures, has a negative effect on managers’ evaluations of their best performing employees, but only when their span of control is wide. We discuss the implications of our findings for management accounting research and practice.
Data Availability: The data and research instrument are available from the authors upon request.
JEL Classifications: M10; M40; M50; D91.
Connectors: A Catalyst for Team Creativity
Authors: Autrey Romana L. , Drasgow Fritz , Jackson Kevin E. , Klevsky Elena 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Creativity drives profit in an idea economy, and many companies organize teams to facilitate creativity. This paper investigates the strategic deployment of individuals to boost a team’s creativity. More individualistic team members tend to generate highly original ideas yet are less likely to share these ideas. We theorize that adding a connector—an individual strongly predisposed to form and foster relationships—to a team will enable more idea sharing among individualistic team members, thus increasing the likelihood that the team’s creative potential will be realized. We leverage a new conceptualization of the “connector” construct to identify connectors and then use an experiment to study the impact of their presence or absence on team creative performance. Our results support these predictions and suggest that connectors improve team creativity by enabling others to share in the creative process and not because connectors themselves exhibit greater creative performance than their average peer.
Data Availability: The data reported in the paper are available from the authors.
Subject Matter Complexity and Disclosure Channel Richness
Authors: Skinner A. Nicole 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Despite the increase in and diversity of disclosure channels available, our understanding of how managers incorporate channel features into their disclosure decisions remains incomplete. I provide evidence that managers choose relatively rich channels that offer multiple cues, opportunities for interaction, and linguistic diversity (i.e., the earnings call, as compared to the press release) to communicate complex information. The positive relation between disclosure channel richness and subject matter complexity persists in both a document-level analysis and a small sample test examining disclosure channel choice from all possible disclosure channels. I provide some evidence that deviating from the complexity/richness matching strategy is associated with a muted market response to firms’ quarterly disclosures. The results are consistent with managers choosing disclosure channels to reduce investors’ information processing costs.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G14; M41.
Monitoring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Changes During a Massive Fish Kill Using Multitemporal Landsat-8 Satellite Images in Maninjau Lake, Indonesia
Authors: Rohman Arif , Fauzi Adam Irwansyah , Ardani Nesya Hafiza , Nuha Muhammad Ulin , Perdana Redho Surya , Nurtyawan Rian , Lotfata Aynaz 
Published: August 2023

Maninjau Lake is one of Indonesia's lakes for hydroelectric power plants, tourism, and fish farming activities. Some activities around the lake cause pollution, leading to massive fish kill. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor water quality regularly. One of the critical water quality parameters is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). This study aimed to analyze BOD changes using a remote sensing approach during massive fish kills in Maninjau Lake, Indonesia. Multi-temporal Landsat-8 satellite images are processed to estimate the BOD level based on Wang Algorithm. After that, the estimated BOD value is validated using in situ data measurement. The results of the average BOD concentration that occurred in Lake Maninjau was 1.85 mg/L and showed that R2 was 0.8334, and the standard error was 0.076 between the estimated BOD and in situ data. Furthermore, the average concentration of BOD obtained on 23rd August 2017, 13th December 2017, 30th January 2018, 19th March 2018, and 7th July 2018 are 4.96 mg/L, 4.82 mg/L, 5.31 mg/L, 6.94 mg/L, and 6.60 mg/L, respectively. Increased BOD concentration in January 2018 indicates moderate pollution in the waters. BOD concentration increases after the massive fish kill due to the decaying fish across the lake.
PERANAN ORGANISASI LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN BANTARAN SUNGAI CITARUM (Studi Kasus Pada Warga Peduli Lingkungan Di Sektor 7, Kecamatan Baleendah)
Authors: Zutema Auriel Karina Siti , Darwis Rudi Saprudin , Basar Gigin Ginanjar Kamil 
Published: August 2023

Pengelolaan Sungai Citarum tidak terlepas dari partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Warga Peduli Lingkungan (WPL) merupakan salah satu organisasi lokal yang berperan aktif dalam pengelolaan Sungai Citarum, termasuk bantaran Sungai Citarum di Desa Rancamanyar di Sektor 7, Kecamatan Baleendah. Hadirnya organisasi lokal dapat membuat kegiatan komunitas menjadi lebih efisien seperti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam menanggapi masalah lebih cepat. Dalam hal ini, organisasi lokal dapat membuat masyarakat meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk medeskripsikan peranan organisasi lokal, WPL, terkait pengelolaan bantaran Sungai Citarum di Desa Rancamanyar, berdasarkan empat peran organisasi lokal yang dijelaskan oleh Norman uphoff diantaranya; Intra- organizational Task; Resource Task; Service Task; Ekstra-Organizational Task. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik penelitian studi kasus yaitu meliputi wawancara mendalam, observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa WPL berhasil melakukan empat peranannya dalam pengelolaan bantaran Sungai Citarum di Desa Rancamanyar, Sektor 7, Kecamatan Baleendah. Namun berdasarkan empat peranan tersebut, WPL masih memerlukan peningkatan terutama dalam aspek Resource Task. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan upaya untuk mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada. Berdasarkan analisis, dirumuskan Plan of Treatment berupa pelatihan anggota WPL sehingga sumber daya yang tersedia semakin meningkat dalam melakukan aktivitas pengelolaan lingkungan.
PELAYANAN SOSIAL PUSAT PELAYANAN TERPADU PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK (P2TP2A) DALAM MENGEMBALIKAN KEBERFUNGSIAN SOSIAL ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL
Authors: Azzahra Farrelia , Darwis Rudi Saprudin 
Published: August 2023

Kekerasan seksual merupakan hal mengejamkan yang dilakukan manusia. Kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada anak tentunya akan menimbulkan rasa traumatis yang akan terus mempengaruhi kehidupan selanjutnya apabila tidak ditangani dengan cepat dan tepat. Terdapat tiga dampak yang dialami oleh anak korban kekerasan. Ketiga dampak tersebut adalah Dampak Terhadap Fisik, Dampak Terhadap Mental, dan Dampak terhadap Sosial. Korban kekerasan seksual cenderung akan mengalami disfungsi sosial. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana bentuk pelayanan sosial yang diberikan oleh Pusat Pelayanan Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A) dalam mengembalikan keberfungsian sosial anak korban kekerasan seksual. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Studi kepustakaan merupakan metode penelitian yang mana menggunakan referensi buku, artikel, berita, data sekunder, penelitian terdahulu sebagai sumber penelitian penulis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah peran sosial seorang individu dalam melaksanakan tugas kehidupannya sangat erat kaitannya dengan keberfungsian sosial. Dalam rangka memenuhi hak dan kebutuhan perempuan dan anak serta untuk memberikan perlindungan, pelayanan sosial dilakukan oleh lembaga P2TP2A melalui program rehabilitasi sosial yang dilakukannya. P2TP2A mengeluarkan tiga layanan dalam menangani kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak. Layanan Rehabilitas Sosial, Pemulangan, dan Reintegrasi Sosial.