bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hydro-environmental optimization for assessing sustainable carrying capacity
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Abdoli Asghar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study proposes an applicable method to determine the population carrying capacity of urban areas in which ecological impacts of river ecosystem as the source of water supply and sustainable population growth are linked. A multiobejctive optimization method was developed in which two objectives were considered: 1) minimizing the fish population loss as the environmental index of the river ecosystem and 2) minimizing the difference between initial population carrying capacity and the sustainable population carrying capacity. The ecological impacts of the river ecosystem were assessed through the potential fish population as an environmental index using several artificial intelligence and regression models. Based on case study results, the initial plan of development is not reliable because ecological impacts on the river ecosystem are remarkable. The proposed method is able to reduce the ecological impacts. However, the sustainable population carrying capacity is considerably lower than the initial planned population. It is needed to reduce the planned population more than 45% in the case study. Habitat loss is less than 35% which means the optimization model is able to find an optimal solution for balancing environmental requirements and humans’ needs. In other words, the optimization model balances the needs of environment and water supply by reducing 45% of population and decreasing habitat loss to 35%.
Investigating CO2 storage properties of Pd(II) and Co(II) chelates of a Schiff's base ligand
Authors: Ahmed Alya’a J. , Alias Mahasin , Ahmed Dina S. , Abdallh Mustafa , Bufaroosha Muna , Jawad Ali H. , Yousif Emad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new metal complexes are made from the ligands derived from amoxicillin based Schiff's base coordinated with Pd(II) and Co(II) have been synthesized and characterized via different spectroscopic methods. FT-IR spectroscopy have shown a formation of tetrahedral and square planar geometry for Co(II) and Pd(II) complexes, respectively. Surface morphology was inspected via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the metal complexes samples is about 6.63 to 8.71 m2/g, with pore diameters and volume of 0.030–0.0501 cm3/g and 18.39–22.98 nm, respectively. The quadrupole moment of CO2has a great effect on the adsorption capacity as it is highly diffusible of 21.38, 26.16 cm3.g−1for Co(II) and Pd(II) complex.
Are pediatric surgery fellowship websites ready for the changing paradigms in the virtual interview era?
Authors: Sacks Marla A. , Do Jeong Young , Mendez Yomara S. , Hashmi Asra , Radulescu Andrei , Tagge Edward P. , Robertson Jason O. , Khan Faraz A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
With the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person fellowship interviews were curtailed, leading candidates to seek information from other resources. Our main purposes were (1) to determine what information recent participants in the match needed to evaluate programs and (2) to assess which of these were available online.

Methods
A focus group of ten recent graduates/applicants identified information that was important in choosing a fellowship program. In August 2020 and December 2021, websites belonging to the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) and individual programs were assessed.

Results
Recent applicants identified 55 pieces of information considered important to their decision making. Of 57 pediatric surgery fellowships, 98% were listed on APSA’s website. Program descriptions on APSA’s website listed on average 60% of program information desired by applicants. All listed fellowship director, accreditation status, faculty list, and current fellow(s). Other descriptors frequently noted were alumni (95%), graduate’s board performance (83%), ECMO exposure (77%), and curriculum (70%). Information desired but less frequently available were fellow case logs (63%), trauma center designation (53%), burn center designation (40%), research opportunities (30%), candidate interview assistance (25%), and supplemental fellowships (12%). There were 7% of program descriptions that were not updated for at least a year.

Conclusions
APSA and individual program websites were complimentary. Websites often lacked data that applicants sought to inform their rank list. To best adapt to the evolving virtual interview paradigm, we suggest reporting key information on a central APSA website with more nuanced information available via links to program specific websites.
Effectiveness of interactive technology-assisted interventions on promoting healthy food choices: a scoping review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Rajasegaran Nagadarshini Nicole , Chng Samuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMaking healthy food choices is crucial for health promotion and disease prevention. While there are an increasing number of technology-assisted interventions to promote healthy food choices, the underlying mechanism by which consumption behaviours and weight status change remains unclear. Our scoping review and meta-analysis of seventeen studies represents 3988 individuals with mean ages ranging from 19·2 to 54·2 years and mean BMI ranging from 24·5 kg/m2 to 35·6 kg/m2. Six main outcomes were identified namely weight, total calories, vegetables, fruits, healthy food, and fats and other food groups including sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fats, snacks, wholegrains, Na, proteins, fibre, cholesterol, dairy products, carbohydrates, and takeout meals. Technology-assisted interventions were effective for weight loss (g = –0·29; 95 % CI –0·54, −0·04; I2 = 65·7 %, t = –2·83, P = 0·03) but not for promoting healthy food choices. This highlights the complexity in creating effective interactive technology-assisted interventions and understanding its mechanisms of influence and change. We also identified that there needs to be greater application of theory to inform the development of technology-assisted interventions in this area as new and improved interventions are being developed.
A FRET-based respirasome assembly screen identifies spleen tyrosine kinase as a target to improve muscle mitochondrial respiration and exercise performance in mice
Authors: Kobayashi Ami , Azuma Kotaro , Takeiwa Toshihiko , Kitami Toshimori , Horie Kuniko , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAerobic muscle activities predominantly depend on fuel energy supply by mitochondrial respiration, thus, mitochondrial activity enhancement may become a therapeutic intervention for muscle disturbances. The assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes into higher-order “supercomplex” structures has been proposed to be an efficient biological process for energy synthesis, although there is controversy in its physiological relevance. We here established Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon-based live imaging of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV interactions using murine myoblastic cells, whose signals represent in vivo supercomplex assembly of complexes I, III, and IV, or respirasomes. The live FRET signals were well correlated with supercomplex assembly observed by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) and oxygen consumption rates. FRET-based live cell screen defined that the inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that belongs to the SYK/ zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70) family, leads to an increase in supercomplex assembly in murine myoblastic cells. In parallel, SYK inhibition enhanced mitochondrial respiration in the cells. Notably, SYK inhibitor administration enhances exercise performance in mice. Overall, this study proves the feasibility of FRET-based respirasome assembly assay, which recapitulates in vivo mitochondrial respiration activities.
Decision level integration of unimodal and multimodal single cell data with scTriangulate
Authors: Li Guangyuan , Song Baobao , Singh Harinder , Surya Prasath V. B. , Leighton Grimes H. , Salomonis Nathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDecisively delineating cell identities from uni- and multimodal single-cell datasets is complicated by diverse modalities, clustering methods, and reference atlases. We describe scTriangulate, a computational framework to mix-and-match multiple clustering results, modalities, associated algorithms, and resolutions to achieve an optimal solution. Rather than ensemble approaches which select the “consensus”, scTriangulate picks the most stable solution through coalitional iteration. When evaluated on diverse multimodal technologies, scTriangulate outperforms alternative approaches to identify high-confidence cell-populations and modality-specific subtypes. Unlike existing integration strategies that rely on modality-specific joint embedding or geometric graphs, scTriangulate makes no assumption about the distributions of raw underlying values. As a result, this approach can solve unprecedented integration challenges, including the ability to automate reference cell-atlas construction, resolve clonal architecture within molecularly defined cell-populations and subdivide clusters to discover splicing-defined disease subtypes. scTriangulate is a flexible strategy for unified integration of single-cell or multimodal clustering solutions, from nearly unlimited sources.
Pressure driven rotational isomerism in 2D hybrid perovskites
Authors: Yin Tingting , Yan Hejin , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Lekina Yulia , Lü Xujie , Yang Wenge , Sun Handong , Leng Kai , Cai Yongqing , Shen Ze Xiang , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultilayers consisting of alternating soft and hard layers offer enhanced toughness compared to all-hard structures. However, shear instability usually exists in physically sputtered multilayers because of deformation incompatibility among hard and soft layers. Here, we demonstrate that 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIP) provide an interesting platform to study the stress–strain behavior of hard and soft layers undulating with molecular scale periodicity. We investigate the phonon vibrations and photoluminescence properties of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) under compression using a diamond anvil cell. The organic spacer due to C4 alkyl chain in RPP buffers compressive stress by tilting (n = 1 RPP) or step-wise rotational isomerism (n = 2 RPP) during compression, where n is the number of inorganic layers. By examining the pressure threshold of the elastic recovery regime across n = 1–4 RPPs, we obtained molecular insights into the relationship between structure and deformation resistance in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.
Bimodality and alternative equilibria do not help explain long-term patterns in shallow lake chlorophyll-a
Authors: Davidson Thomas A. , Sayer Carl D. , Jeppesen Erik , Søndergaard Martin , Lauridsen Torben L. , Johansson Liselotte S. , Baker Ambroise , Graeber Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince its inception, the theory of alternative equilibria in shallow lakes has evolved and been applied to an ever wider range of ecological and socioecological systems. The theory posits the existence of two alternative stable states or equilibria, which in shallow lakes are characterised by either clear water with abundant plants or turbid water where phytoplankton dominate. Here, we used data simulations and real-world data sets from Denmark and north-eastern USA (902 lakes in total) to examine the relationship between shallow lake phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a) and nutrient concentrations across a range of timescales. The data simulations demonstrated that three diagnostic tests could reliably identify the presence or absence of alternative equilibria. The real-world data accorded with data simulations where alternative equilibria were absent. Crucially, it was only as the temporal scale of observation increased (>3 years) that a predictable linear relationship between nutrient concentration and chlorophyll-a was evident. Thus, when a longer term perspective is taken, the notion of alternative equilibria is not required to explain the response of chlorophyll-a to nutrient enrichment which questions the utility of the theory for explaining shallow lake response to, and recovery from, eutrophication.
Suppressing phase disproportionation in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Kang , Lin Zih-Yu , Zhang Zihan , Jin Linrui , Ma Ke , Coffey Aidan H. , Atapattu Harindi R. , Gao Yao , Park Jee Yung , Wei Zitang , Finkenauer Blake P. , Zhu Chenhui , Meng Xiangeng , Chowdhury Sarah N. , Chen Zhaoyang , Terlier Tanguy , Do Thi-Hoai , Yao Yan , Graham Kenneth R. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Guo Tzung-Fang , Huang Libai , Gao Hanwei , Savoie Brett M. , Dou Letian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectroluminescence efficiencies and stabilities of quasi-two-dimensional halide perovskites are restricted by the formation of multiple-quantum-well structures with broad and uncontrollable phase distributions. Here, we report a ligand design strategy to substantially suppress diffusion-limited phase disproportionation, thereby enabling better phase control. We demonstrate that extending the π-conjugation length and increasing the cross-sectional area of the ligand enables perovskite thin films with dramatically suppressed ion transport, narrowed phase distributions, reduced defect densities, and enhanced radiative recombination efficiencies. Consequently, we achieved efficient and stable deep-red light-emitting diodes with a peak external quantum efficiency of 26.3% (average 22.9% among 70 devices and cross-checked) and a half-life of ~220 and 2.8 h under a constant current density of 0.1 and 12 mA/cm2, respectively. Our devices also exhibit wide wavelength tunability and improved spectral and phase stability compared with existing perovskite light-emitting diodes. These discoveries provide critical insights into the molecular design and crystallization kinetics of low-dimensional perovskite semiconductors for light-emitting devices.
Quantification of localized NAD+ changes reveals unique specificity of NAD+ regulation in the hypothalamus
Authors: Johnson Sean , Yoshioka Kiyoshi , Brace Cynthia S. , Imai Shin-ichiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, it has become a consensus that systemic decreases in NAD+ are a critical trigger for age-associated functional decline in multiple tissues and organs. The hypothalamus, which contains several functionally distinct subregions called nuclei, functions as a high-order control center of aging in mammals. However, due to a technical difficulty, how NAD+ levels change locally in each hypothalamic nucleus during aging remains uninvestigated. We were able to establish a new combinatorial methodology, using laser-captured microdissection (LCM) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to accurately measure NAD+ levels in small tissue samples. We applied this methodology to examine local NAD+ changes in hypothalamic nuclei and found that NAD+ levels were decreased significantly in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and lateral hypothalamus (LH), but not in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of 22-month-old mice, compared to those of 3-month-old mice. The administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) significantly increased NAD+ levels in all these hypothalamic nuclei. Interestingly, the administration of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-containing extracellular vesicles (eNampt-EVs) purified from young mice increased NAD+ levels in the ARC and DMH. These results reveal the unique specificity of NAD+ regulation in the hypothalamus during aging.
A new entropic quantum correlation measure for adversarial systems
Authors: Shajilal Biveen , Huntington Elanor , Lam Ping Koy , Assad Syed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum correlation often refers to correlations exhibited by two or more local subsystems under a suitable measurement. These correlations are beyond the framework of classical statistics and the associated classical probability distribution. Quantum entanglement is the most well-known of such correlations and plays an important role in quantum information theory. However, there exist non-entangled states that still possess quantum correlations which cannot be described by classical statistics. One such measure that captures these non-classical correlations is discord. Here we introduce a new measure of quantum correlations which we call entropic accord that fits between entanglement and discord. It is defined as the optimised minimax mutual information of the outcome of the projective measurements between two parties. We show a strict hierarchy exists between entanglement, entropic accord and discord for two-qubit states. We study two-qubit states which shows the relationship between the three entropic quantities. In addition to revealing a class of correlations that are distinct from discord and entanglement, the entropic accord measure can be inherently more intuitive in certain contexts.
Using deep learning to detect diabetic retinopathy on handheld non-mydriatic retinal images acquired by field workers in community settings
Authors: Nunez do Rio Joan M. , Nderitu Paul , Raman Rajiv , Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Kim Ramasamy , Rani Padmaja K. , Sivaprasad Sobha , Bergeles Christos ,   for the SMART India Study Group, Raman Rajiv , Bhende Pramod , Surya Janani , Gopal Lingam , Ramakrishnan Radha , Roy Rupak , Das Supita , Manayath George , Vignesh T. P. , Anantharaman Giridhar , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Natarajan Sundaram , Krishnan Radhika , Mani Sheena Liz , Agarwal Manisha , Behera Umesh , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Barman Manabjyoti , Sen Alok , Saxena Moneesh , Sil Asim K. , Chakabarty Subhratanu , Cherian Thomas , Jitesh Reesha , Naigaonkar Rushikesh , Desai Abishek , Kulkarni Sucheta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) at risk of vision loss (referable DR) needs to be identified by retinal screening and referred to an ophthalmologist. Existing automated algorithms have mostly been developed from images acquired with high cost mydriatic retinal cameras and cannot be applied in the settings used in most low- and middle-income countries. In this prospective multicentre study, we developed a deep learning system (DLS) that detects referable DR from retinal images acquired using handheld non-mydriatic fundus camera by non-technical field workers in 20 sites across India. Macula-centred and optic-disc-centred images from 16,247 eyes (9778 participants) were used to train and cross-validate the DLS and risk factor based logistic regression models. The DLS achieved an AUROC of 0.99 (1000 times bootstrapped 95% CI 0.98–0.99) using two-field retinal images, with 93.86 (91.34–96.08) sensitivity and 96.00 (94.68–98.09) specificity at the Youden’s index operational point. With single field inputs, the DLS reached AUROC of 0.98 (0.98–0.98) for the macula field and 0.96 (0.95–0.98) for the optic-disc field. Intergrader performance was 90.01 (88.95–91.01) sensitivity and 96.09 (95.72–96.42) specificity. The image based DLS outperformed all risk factor-based models. This DLS demonstrated a clinically acceptable performance for the identification of referable DR despite challenging image capture conditions.
Comparing machine learning approaches to incorporate time-varying covariates in predicting cancer survival time
Authors: Cygu Steve , Seow Hsien , Dushoff Jonathan , Bolker Benjamin M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Cox proportional hazards model is commonly used in evaluating risk factors in cancer survival data. The model assumes an additive, linear relationship between the risk factors and the log hazard. However, this assumption may be too simplistic. Further, failure to take time-varying covariates into account, if present, may lower prediction accuracy. In this retrospective, population-based, prognostic study of data from patients diagnosed with cancer from 2008 to 2015 in Ontario, Canada, we applied machine learning-based time-to-event prediction methods and compared their predictive performance in two sets of analyses: (1) yearly-cohort-based time-invariant and (2) fully time-varying covariates analysis. Machine learning-based methods—gradient boosting model (gbm), random survival forest (rsf), elastic net (enet), lasso and ridge—were compared to the traditional Cox proportional hazards (coxph) model and the prior study which used the yearly-cohort-based time-invariant analysis. Using Harrell’s C index as our primary measure, we found that using both machine learning techniques and incorporating time-dependent covariates can improve predictive performance. Gradient boosting machine showed the best performance on test data in both time-invariant and time-varying covariates analysis.
Characterization of a novel dual murine model of chemotherapy-induced oral and intestinal mucositis
Authors: Mohammed Ali I. , Celentano Antonio , Paolini Rita , Low Jun T. , McCullough Michael J. , O’ Reilly Lorraine A. , Cirillo Nicola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOral and intestinal mucositis are debilitating inflammatory diseases observed in cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. These are devastating clinical conditions which often lead to treatment disruption affecting underlying malignancy management. Although alimentary tract mucositis involves the entire gastrointestinal tract, oral and intestinal mucositis are often studied independently utilizing distinct organ-specific pre-clinical models. This approach has however hindered the development of potentially effective whole-patient treatment strategies. We now characterize a murine model of alimentary tract mucositis using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Mice were given 5-FU intravenously (50 mg/kg) or saline every 48 h for 2 weeks. Post initial injection, mice were monitored clinically for weight loss and diarrhea. The incidence and extent of oral mucositis was assessed macroscopically. Microscopical and histomorphometric analyses of the tongue and intestinal tissues were conducted at 3 interim time points during the experimental period. Repeated 5-FU treatment caused severe oral and intestinal atrophy, including morphological damage, accompanied by body weight loss and mild to moderate diarrhea in up to 77.8% of mice. Oral mucositis was clinically evident throughout the observation period in 88.98% of mice. Toluidine blue staining of the tongue revealed that the ulcer size peaked at day-14. In summary, we have developed a model reproducing the clinical and histologic features of both oral and intestinal mucositis, which may represent a useful in vivo pre-clinical model for the study of chemotherapy-induced alimentary tract mucositis and the development of preventative therapies.