bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erfahrungen mit Gefährdungssituationen in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie bei Patienten mit extremistischer Einstellung
Authors: Rau Thea , Mayer Sophia , Heimgartner Anna , Allroggen Marc 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Gefährdungssituationen im Zusammenhang mit der Krankenbehandlung von Personen mit vermuteter extremistischer Einstellung spielen insbesondere in den letzten Jahren vermehrt eine Rolle. Eine Befragung von Ärzt:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen soll Aufschluss über konkrete Gefährdungslagen bei diesen Patient:innen geben.

Material und Methoden
Mittels einer anonymen Online-Befragung, welche 16 Haupt- und bis zu 95 weitere Fragen umfasste, wurden insgesamt 364 Angehörige von Heilberufen zur allgemeinen Situation und zu Patient:innen sowie Angehörigen mit vermuteter extremistischer Einstellung befragt.

Ergebnisse
17,5 % der Teilnehmenden sind Ärzt:innen, 72,1 % nichtärztliche Psychotherapeut:innen bzw. in Ausbildung (47,7 % arbeiten ausschließlich in einer Klinik, 34,2 % in einer niedergelassenen Praxis). Insgesamt haben 57,7 % der Teilnehmenden schon einmal Patient:innen mit vermuteter extremistischer Einstellung behandelt (46,7 % behandelten Angehörige). 27,6 % wurden im Rahmen der Krankenbehandlung mit Selbstgefährdungssituationen konfrontiert (30,1 % bei Angehörigen), 49,5 % mit Situationen der Fremdgefährdung (18,3 % bei Angehörigen), bei denen sie sich häufig im Umgang damit nicht sicher gefühlt haben. 20,3 % der Fachkräfte informierten die Sicherheitsbehörden, nicht ganz die Hälfte empfand diesen Kontakt als eher nicht/gar nicht hilfreich (45,5 % bei Angehörigen). Kontakt zu anderen Stellen, zum Beispiel auch zu spezialisierten Fachberatungsstellen für Deradikalisierung, hatte die Mehrheit nicht. Ärzt:innen erlebten Gefährdungssituationen häufiger als nichtärztliche Psychotherapeut:innen. Ein Vergleich zwischen Fachkräften aus der Klinik und niedergelassenen Praxis zeigt keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede.

Diskussion
Die Studie konnte zeigen, dass Extremismus und damit einhergehend Gefährdungslagen ein wichtiges Thema in der Krankenbehandlung sind und Ärzt:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen darauf gut vorbereitet sein sollten. Für die Zukunft wäre eine Vernetzung mit Stellen der Extremismusprävention wichtig und eine gute Kooperation mit den Sicherheitsbehörden wünschenswert.
Computer-aided facial analysis as a tool to identify patients with Silver–Russell syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Ciancia Silvia , Goedegebuure Wesley J. , Grootjen Lionne N. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S. , Kerkhof Gerthe F. , van der Kaay Daniëlle C. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenetic syndromes often show facial features that provide clues for the diagnosis. However, memorizing these features is a challenging task for clinicians. In the last years, the app Face2Gene proved to be a helpful support for the diagnosis of genetic diseases by analyzing features detected in one or more facial images of affected individuals. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the app in patients with Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) and Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). We enrolled 23 pediatric patients with clinically or genetically diagnosed SRS and 29 pediatric patients with genetically confirmed PWS. One frontal photo of each patient was acquired. Top 1, top 5, and top 10 sensitivities were analyzed. Correlation with the specific genetic diagnosis was investigated. When available, photos of the same patient at different ages were compared. In the SRS group, Face2Gene showed top 1, top 5, and top 10 sensitivities of 39%, 65%, and 91%, respectively. In 41% of patients with genetically confirmed SRS, SRS was the first syndrome suggested, while in clinically diagnosed patients, SRS was suggested as top 1 in 33% of cases (p = 0.74). Face2Gene performed better in younger patients with SRS: in all patients in whom a photo taken at a younger age than the age of enrollment was available, SRS was suggested as top 1, albeit with variable degree of probability. In the PWS group, the top 1, top 5, and top 10 sensitivities were 76%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. PWS was suggested as top 1 in 83% of patients genetically diagnosed with paternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-13 and in 60% of patients presenting with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 (p = 0.17). The performance was uniform throughout the investigated age range (1–15 years).Conclusion: In addition to a thorough medical history and detailed clinical examination, the Face2Gene app can be a useful tool to support clinicians in identifying children with a potential diagnosis of SRS or PWS.

What is Known:• Several genetic syndromes present typical facial features that may provide clues for the diagnosis.• Memorizing all syndromic facial characteristics is a challenging task for clinicians.

What is New:• Face2Gene may represent a useful support for pediatricians for the diagnosis of genetic syndromes.• Face2Gene app can be a useful tool to integrate in the diagnostic path of patients with SRS and PWS.
Brain metastases from hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies
Authors: Bergen Elisabeth S. , Friedrich Alexander , Scherleitner Peter , Ferreira Pedro , Kiesel Barbara , Widhalm Georg , Kiesewetter Barbara , Eckert Franziska , Prager Gerald W. , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer represent the two gastrointestinal (GI) tumor entities with the highest incidence of brain metastatic (BM) disease, data on the clinical course of BM patients from hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies are rare. Patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN). Treated for BM between 1991 and 2017 at an academic care center were included. Brain metastases-free survival (BMFS) was defined as interval from first diagnosis until BM development. Overall survival (OS) was defined as interval from diagnosis of BM until death or last date of follow-up. Outcome was correlated with clinical and treatment factors. 29 patients from overall 6102 patients (0.6%) included in the Vienna Brain Metastasis Registry presented with BM from hepatopancreatobiliary primaries including 9 (31.0%) with CCA, 10 (34.5%) with HCC, 7 (24.1%) with PDAC and 3 (10.3%) with GEP NEN as primary tumor. Median BMFS was 21, 12, 14 and 7 months and median OS 4, 4, 6 and 4 months, respectively. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) below 80% (p = 0.08), age above 60 years (p = 0.10) and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) (p = 0.09) diagnosed concomitant to solid BM showed an inverse association with median OS (Cox proportional hazards model). In this cohort of patients with BM from hepatopancreatobiliary tumor entities, prognosis was shown to be very limited. Performance status, age and diagnosis of LC were identified as negative prognostic factors.
Zinc Zeolite as a Carrier for Tumor Targeted and pH-responsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Sandomierski Mariusz , Jakubowski Marcel , Ratajczak Maria , Pokora Monika , Voelkel Adam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, for the first time, a material was prepared that releases the drug in a controlled manner under the influence of the pH of cancer environment. The material is zinc zeolite, which only releases the drug at an acidic pH. The release of the drug in an acidic environment indicates a very high potential of the synthesized material in the treatment of cancer. This material does not release the drug at pH 7.4 even for more than 100 h which proves that healthy organs will not be affected. The advantage of this material over those previously described in the literature is that it releases the drug very quickly under the influence of the cancerous environment (88% of the drug during approx 2 h), as well as the fact that it does not release the drug in a different environment. Materials with both features have not been previously described, there are only works on materials having one of these features. Moreover, this material releases zinc ions which additionally act on cancer cells by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells by increasing the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species.
TRandAugment: temporal random augmentation strategy for surgical activity recognition from videos
Authors: Ramesh Sanat , Dall’Alba Diego , Gonzalez Cristians , Yu Tong , Mascagni Pietro , Mutter Didier , Marescaux Jacques , Fiorini Paolo , Padoy Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Automatic recognition of surgical activities from intraoperative surgical videos is crucial for developing intelligent support systems for computer-assisted interventions. Current state-of-the-art recognition methods are based on deep learning where data augmentation has shown the potential to improve the generalization of these methods. This has spurred work on automated and simplified augmentation strategies for image classification and object detection on datasets of still images. Extending such augmentation methods to videos is not straightforward, as the temporal dimension needs to be considered. Furthermore, surgical videos pose additional challenges as they are composed of multiple, interconnected, and long-duration activities.

Methods
This work proposes a new simplified augmentation method, called TRandAugment, specifically designed for long surgical videos, that treats each video as an assemble of temporal segments and applies consistent but random transformations to each segment. The proposed augmentation method is used to train an end-to-end spatiotemporal model consisting of a CNN (ResNet50) followed by a TCN.

Results
The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on two surgical video datasets, namely Bypass40 and CATARACTS, and two tasks, surgical phase and step recognition. TRandAugment adds a performance boost of 1–6% over previous state-of-the-art methods, that uses manually designed augmentations.

Conclusion
This work presents a simplified and automated augmentation method for long surgical videos. The proposed method has been validated on different datasets and tasks indicating the importance of devising temporal augmentation methods for long surgical videos.
Measuring and monitoring patient safety in hospitals in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Kaud Yazeed , McKeon Darragh , Lydon Sinéad , O’Connor Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background

Measuring and monitoring safety (MMS) is critical to the success of safety improvement efforts in healthcare. However, a major challenge to improving safety is the lack of high quality information to support performance evaluation.

Aims
The aim of this study was to use Vincent et al.’s MMS framework to evaluate the methods used to MMS in Irish hospitals and make recommendations for improvement.

Methods
The first phase of this qualitative study used document analysis to review national guidance on MMS in Ireland. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders on their understanding of MMS. The MMS framework was used to classify the methods identified.

Results
Six documents were included for analysis, and 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders working in the Irish healthcare system. A total of 162 methods of MMS were identified, with one method of MMS addressing two dimensions. Of these MMS methods, 30 (18.4%) were concerned with past harm, 40 (24.5%) were concerned with the reliability of safety critical processes, 16 (9.8%) were concerned with sensitivity to operations, 28 (17.2%) were concerned with anticipation and preparedness, and 49 (30%) were concerned with integration and learning.

Conclusions
There are a wide range of methods of MMS in Irish hospitals. It is suggested that there is a need to identify those methods of MMS that are particularly useful in reducing harm and supporting action and improvement and do not place a large burden on healthcare staff to either use or interpret.
Terson Syndrome in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Göttsche Jennifer , Knospe Volker , Sauvigny Thomas , Schweingruber Nils , Grensemann Jörn , Spitzer Martin S. , Westphal Manfred , Skevas Christos , Czorlich Patrick 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Terson syndrome (TS), an intraocular hemorrhage associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), occurs in up to 46% of all patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite its high incidence, TS is underrepresented in the literature, and patients with aSAH are sometimes not systematically evaluated for the presence of TS in clinical practice. This work aims to raise awareness of TS, reevaluate previous scientific findings, describe risk factors associated with the occurrence of TS, and present our local diagnostic and treatment concept.

Methods
All patients with aSAH treated at our institution between October 2010 and May 2020 were included in this retrospective study. The frequency of ophthalmological screening by indirect funduscopy, as well as the results, was investigated. In addition, the collection and statistical analysis of epidemiological and clinical data was performed using χ2, Kruskal–Wallis, and analysis of variance testing; multivariate regression; and receiver operating characteristic analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results
A total of 617 patients were treated for aSAH in our institution. Of these, 367 patients (59.5%) were ophthalmologically examined for the presence of TS. The rate of TS in the examined patients was 21.3% (n = 78). Patients with TS had significantly higher Fisher and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) scores (p < 0.0001). Regression analyses showed WFNS grade (p = 0.003) and the occurrence of seizures (p = 0.002) as independent predictors of TS, as did receiver operating characteristic analyses, which had a significant area under the curve of 0.66 for the combination of WFNS grade and seizures. For 12 (15.4%) patients, the TS had to be surgically treated by pars plana vitrectomy in a total of 14 eyes, which resulted in significant improvement of visual function in all patients: mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.03 (± 0.08) versus 0.76 (± 0.21) postoperatively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
TS is a common complication in patients with aSAH, affecting approximately one in five patients. A higher WFNS grade and the occurrence of seizures are associated with TS; therefore, screening for TS should be performed in these patients.
Limits to blue economy: challenges to accessing fishing livelihoods in Ghana’s port communities
Authors: Ayilu Raymond K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe blue economy concept has drawn global attention to the maritime economy, recognising expanding maritime industries such as shipping as crucial drivers of economic growth. In recent decades, seaports have correspondingly witnessed significant expansion, allowing them to play a substantial role in achieving blue growth. This study examines the challenges faced by small-scale fishing actors in gaining access to fishing livelihoods in coastal fishing communities close to Ghanaian ports. Drawing on political ecology, the study demonstrates how securitisation in port areas and dispossession has resulted in unstable fishing livelihoods in port communities. The study shows that the growth-oriented goals of port expansions and port security measures have restricted fishing communities’ access to coastal fishing spaces and caused congestion in the canoe bays of Ghana’s fishing harbours. In addition, the urbanisation around the ports has impacted fishers’ ability to meet the rising cost of living in fishing communities with fishing incomes. Furthermore, the study discusses how the new Jamestown fishing harbour complex project has displaced small-scale fishing actors and become a site of contestation between a coastal fishing community and local government authorities. In conclusion, as coastal fishing actors lose their only source of livelihood, resistance may escalate into different forms of maritime conflicts in the blue economy. The study recommends addressing the marginalisation and exclusion of traditional coastal fishing livelihoods to ensure a more equitable blue economy.
Clinical effectiveness of alkasite versus nanofilled resin composite in the restoration of occlusal carious lesions in permanent molar teeth of children: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sharma H. , Suprabha B. S. , Shenoy R. , Rao A. , Kotian H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of alkasite with nanofilled resin composite restorations for occlusal caries lesions in permanent molar teeth of children, at one-year follow-up.

Methods
In this randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel design, 38 children aged 7–13 years with occlusal caries lesions on 59 first permanent molars were randomly allocated into two groups, Group 1: Filtek™ Z350XT (nanocomposite) and Group 2: Cention N® (alkasite resin composite). The restorations were evaluated at one year using the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.

Results
All restorations had either Alpha or Bravo scores at one-year follow-up. In Group 1, all restorations scored Alpha, while one restoration each (3.6%) in Group 2 scored Bravo for fracture and marginal adaptation. All restorations in both groups scored Alpha for retention, secondary caries, and post-operative sensitivity. For anatomic form, all restorations in Group 1 scored Alpha, while three (10.7%) restorations in Group 2 had Bravo scores. For marginal discolouration, three restorations in both groups scored Bravo (11.5% and 10.7%, respectively). For surface roughness, one restoration (3.8%) in Group 1 and three restorations in Group 2 (10.7%) scored Bravo. The comparative results between the two groups for all the variables in the USPHS criteria were not statistically significantly different.

Conclusions
The performances of the nanofilled composite and alkasite were clinically acceptable and comparable. Alkasite can be an alternative material for the restoration of occlusal caries lesions in permanent molars of children.

Clinical trial registration
The clinical trial was registered at Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI Reg no: CTRI/2020/12/029830 Dated: 15/12/2020).
Research on the Medical Knowledge Deduction Based on the Semantic Relevance of Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Zhang Fuhui , Lu He , Xu Yan , Zhang Guibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the extraction of information from unstructured text data of medical literature and electronic medical records in the field of medicine, and proposes a TCM-KR method of knowledge reasoning based on electronic medical records to enhance association rules, and carries out a study on association characteristics in the field of the electronic medical record. This method abstracts the word bag representation mode of text semantics from the unstructured data representation and integrates the correlation information of the knowledge graph of the medicine domain. The method based on a graph convolutional network was used to predict the unknown associations' relations between viscera, channel tropism, and channel distribution. The experimental results show that the TCM-KR method can efficiently infer a large amount of high-quality triple knowledge from the unstructured text data of medicine, and predict the correlation characteristics of Syndromes-Viscera, Chinese medicinal-Channel tropism, Acupoints-Channel distribution in treating lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse and provide a dedicated machine learning model and guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Towards a common terminology in radioglaciology
Authors: Schlegel Rebecca , Kulessa Bernd , Murray Tavi , Eisen Olaf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the past 70 years, many different components of the cryosphere have been imaged with a variety of radar systems using increasingly sophisticated processing techniques. These systems use various pulse lengths, signal frequencies and, in some cases, modulated signals. The increasing diversity of radar systems has created the potential for confusion due to the use of non-consistent terminology. Here we provide an overview of state-of-the-science radar technologies and suggest a simplified and unified terminology for use by the cryosphere community. We recommend a terminology that is target independent but specifies the characteristics of the signal. Following this recommendation, commercial impulse systems that penetrate the subsurface should be referred to as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and pulse radars as radio-echo sounding (RES). Continuous-wave (CW) radar systems should be referred to as ground-penetrating CW radars. We further suggest any additional characterisation of the system be expressed using descriptors that specify the platform it is mounted on (e.g. airborne) or the frequency range (e.g. HF (high frequency)) or modulation (e.g. FM (frequency modulated)).
The Management of the Bank of Senegal and the Formation of a Colonial Economy, 1840s–1901
Authors: Masaki Toyomu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 1854, the Bank of Senegal was established using part of the compensation paid to former slave owners. The bank issued banknotes and provided modern financial services. Masaki analyzes the bank’s management and interrogates the widely accepted argument that merchants from Bordeaux controlled the bank to marginalize African merchants, concluding that the bank largely provided equitable service to this colony. Additionally, Masaki shows that the bank was a site of political struggles for the métis elites and suggests that the complexities of Senegalese society at the time made it difficult to assess the full scope of the bank’s operations.
Special Economic Zones in an Era of Multilateralism Decadence and Struggles for Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery: Perspectives from the Global South
Authors: Simo Regis Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent years have seen a proliferation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in developed and developing countries. Developed in Europe in its modern shape, most SEZs are located outside the continent today, notably in the developing world, where SEZs form part of these countries’ export-oriented growth policy tools and overall economic development. At a period of growing unilateralism and the return of the State as an economic actor, this contribution seeks to tackle the rise of SEZ laws in the global south, with a particular focus on Africa. It will scrutinize the reasons for their establishment, the measures chosen to promote them, and the international ramifications in these respective regions and broadly on the global plane, notably at the WTO. With the entry into force of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement, African countries face challenges of multi-layered SEZ governance, which this contribution intends to address. These challenges also extend to the cross-regional trade agreements these countries conclude, individually and as a bloc. Since SEZs are often assimilated with a category of subsidies and are discriminatory trade measures, this contribution, in essence, investigates the extent to which current trade rules at multilateral and regional levels address these controversial aspects of SEZs.