bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Soluble Markers of Inflammation With Peri-coronary Artery Inflammation in People With and Without HIV Infection and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Freeman Michael L , Hossain Mian B , Burrowes Shana A B , Jeudy Jean , Bui Ryan , Moisi Daniela , Mitchell Sarah E , Khambaty Mariam , Weiss Robert G , Lederman Michael M , Bagchi Shashwatee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammation is linked to elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Fat attenuation index (FAI) is a measure of peri-coronary inflammation that independently predicts CVD risk in HIV-uninfected persons. Whether FAI is associated with soluble inflammatory markers is unknown.

Methods
Plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured in 58 PWH and 16 controls without current symptoms or prior known CVD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and had FAI measurements. A cross-sectional analysis was performed, and associations of markers with FAI values of the right coronary artery (RCA) and left anterior descending artery (LAD) were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusted for the potential confounders age, sex, race, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and use of lipid-lowering medication.

Results
Several inflammatory markers had significant associations with RCA or LAD FAI in adjusted models, including sCD14, sCD163, TNFR-I, and TNFR-II, CCL5, CX3CL1, IP-10.

Conclusions
The associations between indices of systemic and peri-coronary inflammation are novel and suggest that these systemic markers and FAI together are promising noninvasive biomarkers that can be applied to assess asymptomatic CVD in people with and without HIV; they also may be useful tools to evaluate effects of anti-inflammatory interventions.
Geographic Targeting of COVID-19 Testing to Maximize Detection in Los Angeles County
Authors: Jia Katherine M , Kahn Rebecca , Fisher Rebecca , Balter Sharon , Lipsitch Marc 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections have not been detected, reported, or isolated. For community testing programs to locate the most cases under limited testing resources, we developed and evaluated quantitative approaches for geographic targeting of increased coronavirus disease 2019 testing efforts.

Methods
For every week from December 5, 2021, to July 23, 2022, testing and vaccination data were obtained in ∼340 cities/communities in Los Angeles County, and models were developed to predict which cities/communities would have the highest test positivity 2 weeks ahead. A series of counterfactual scenarios were constructed to explore the additional number of cases that could be detected under targeted testing.

Results
The simplest model based on most recent test positivity performed nearly as well as the best model based on most recent test positivity and weekly tests per 100 persons in identifying communities that would maximize the average yield of cases per test in the following 2 weeks and almost as well as the perfect knowledge of the actual positivity 2 weeks ahead. In the counterfactual scenario, increasing testing by 1% 2 weeks ahead and allocating all tests to communities with the top 10% of predicted positivity would yield a 2% increase in detected cases.

Conclusions
Simple models based on current test positivity can predict which communities may have the highest positivity 2 weeks ahead and hence could be allocated with more testing resources.
Errata and re-visitation of “What is the limit for photoautotrophic plankton growth rates?” (Flynn and Raven, 2017)
Authors: Flynn Kevin J , Raven John A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An error in our original work prompts a revisitation of factors constraining photoautotrophic plankton growth rates (μmax). Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase does not itself provide that constraint, but we identify other factors that result in our previously suggested value of ~2 doublings per day still likely being representative of the maximum for most photoautotrophs. μmax likely evolves to balance the advantage of possessing a high competitive value while minimizing the stresses incurred when the organism is incapable of routinely achieving a higher μmax due to various limiting factors. Organisms with extreme high μmax are thus expected to grow under conditions that provide the necessary environment (stable pH, non-limiting nutrients and light) for sufficient time that the evolution of higher μmax becomes advantageous. Conditions in nature allowing the evolution of higher μmax include the exploitation of an exceptional opportunity and then entering stasis (e.g. desert microalgae), or a situation where high grazing pressures match high phytoplankton growth, thus maintaining non-limiting nutrient and light conditions. The latter, however, conflicts with the paradox of enrichment, as only under resource limitation would the necessary stability be attained in the predator–prey dynamic. Ultimately, ecology, not biophysics, constrains phototroph μmax.
Impact of interstitial lung disease on clinical remission and unfavourable events of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the IORRA cohort
Authors: Sugano Eri , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Honda Suguru , Abe Mai , Saka Kumiko , Sugitani Naohiro , Ochiai Moeko , Yamaguchi Rei , Ikari Katsunori , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to examine the impact of concomitant interstitial lung disease (ILD) on achieving clinical remission and the occurrence of unfavourable clinical events in patients with RA.

Methods
Among the participants in the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA) cohort from 2011 to 2012, patients not achieving remission of 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) at baseline and those with chest CT images were enrolled. Based on the chest CT images, the patients were divided into two groups: the ILD group and non-ILD group. The associations among the presence of ILD with time to achieving DAS28 remission and development of death, hospitalized infection, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), or malignancy within 5 years were evaluated using time-dependent Cox regression models.

Results
We enrolled 287 patients in the ILD group and 1235 in the non-ILD group. DAS28 remission was achieved at least once in 55.7% and 75.0% of the ILD and non-ILD groups within 5 years, respectively. Presence of ILD was significantly associated with failure to achieve DAS28 remission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.89). ILD was also a significant factor associated with death (aHR: 3.24; 95% CI: 2.08, 5.03), hospitalized infection (aHR 2.60; 95% CI: 1.77, 3.83), MACE (aHR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.76, 6.58), and lung cancer (aHR: 16.0; 95% CI: 3.22, 79.2), but not with malignant lymphoma (aHR: 2.27; 95% CI: 0.59, 8.81).

Conclusion
Concomitant ILD was a significant factor associated with failure to achieve clinical remission and the occurrence of the unfavourable clinical events in patients with RA.
Impacts of learning experiences within an online extension initiative on application of research-based principles by beef stakeholders
Authors: Brandão Alice P , Cooke Reinaldo F , Dunlap Kathrin A , Lamb G Cliff , Pohler Ky G , Donaldson Jonan P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate, characterize and quantify the learning experiences and subsequent application of research-based technologies by beef producers upon conclusion of an online extension certification program (44 Farms International Beef Cattle Academy, IBCA). Upon conclusion of the program, paricipants were invited to complete a structured interview. Interview transcripts (n = 19) were coded, categorized, and merged into four overarching themes: Strengths, Struggles, Courses, and Geographical origin. Within Strengths, the most frequent codes were Connections, Application, and Instructor Experience, with 61, 53, and 50 coded segments respectively. Within Struggles, the most frequent codes were Time Management, Level of Knowledge, and Language issues, with 27, 18, and 15 coded segments, respectively. For Courses in the program, the most frequently mentioned were Nutrition, Reproduction, and Genetics, with 35, 28, and 24 coded segments respectively. Correlation between codes was evaluated using Pearson and only statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlations were included in the matrices for network analysis. Interpretation of the generated network analysis map (P ≤ 0.05; Q = 0.468) including all four categories of codes revealed close relationships between Application and the Strengths of Time management, Instructor Experience, and Connections. Application was also directly related to the Courses of Reproduction and Genetics, and the Struggle of Student Engagement and Guidance. Geographical origin was an important factor mediating different correlations. Developing countries (Brazil, Panama, Dominican Republic, and South Africa) were more closely related to the Struggle of Tuition cost, which, in turn was related to the perceived Prestige of the program. In Europe (Romania, Germany, and Kazakhstan), a stronger correlation to the Struggles of Material Relevance and Language Issues was described. Collectively, these results support the positive impact of a comprehensive and interactive extension initiative to leverage application of research-based principles by beef stakeholders around the world. Further, these outcomes indicate that the most valued aspects of the program regarding application are related to interpersonal experience with faculty and peers of the industry (Instructor Experience and Connections) and that perception of struggles and strengths is greatly influenced by socio-cultural aspects of the learning community.
Decision Regret in Plastic Surgery: A Summary
Authors: Jones Hannah Elizabeth , Cruz Claudia , Stewart Christopher , Losken Albert 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Patient decision regret can occur following elective healthcare decisions. The current era is focused on patient-reported outcomes, and decision regret is another metric by which surgeons can and should measure postoperative results. Patients who experience decision regret after elective procedures can often blame themselves, the surgeon, or the clinical practice, and this can lead to downstream psychological and economic consequences for all parties involved.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted on PubMed using the following search terms: (aesthetic surgery) AND (decision regret), (rhinoplasty) AND (decision regret), (face-lift) AND (decision regret), (abdominoplasty) AND (decision regret), (breast augmentation) AND (decision regret), (breast reconstruction) AND (decision regret), (FACE-Q) AND (rhinoplasty), (BREAST-Q) AND (breast augmentation). The following article types were included in the search: randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews.

Results:
After review of the literature, preoperative education, decisional tools, and postoperative complications were found to be the most important factors affecting decision regret after surgery.

Conclusions:
A better understanding of the factors associated with decision regret can help surgeons provide more effective preoperative counseling and prevent postoperative decision regret. Plastic surgeons can use these tools within a context of shared decision-making and ultimately increase patient satisfaction. Decision regret for plastic surgical procedures was mainly in the context of breast reconstruction. The differences in medical necessity create unique psychological challenges, emphasizing the need for more studies and a better understanding of the topic for other elective and cosmetic surgery procedures.
Cryptococcal Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Chronic Cannabis User Requiring Temporary Lumbar Drain Placement
Authors: Onwudiwe Oyiyechukwu , Gopalakrishna Harish , Crowther Giovanna Stein , Santhekadur Prashanth 
Published: June 2023

Background

Cryptococcus is an invasive encapsulated yeast-like fungus that most commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Cryptococcal central nervous system infections, though rare, have been reported in patients without apparent immunocompromised state and in chronic cannabis smokers.

Case
We present a case of a 30-year-old White man with no significant medical history presenting with fever and headache of 1-month duration. He was found to have cryptococcal meningitis with persistently elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressures requiring a lumbar drain. The only risk factor identified was chronic cannabis use.

Conclusions
Cryptococcal meningitis though rare can occur in immunocompetent hosts. One of the risk factors identified was contaminated cannabis use. Most of these cases go undiagnosed initially as the index of suspicion is low. This may lead to increased mortality in this group of patients. In the literature search, there is only one previous report of cryptococcal meningitis in a cannabis user so the present case adds further evidence of this association.
Inflammatory pain affects alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner in male rats in the intermittent access model
Authors: Campos-Jurado Yolanda , Morón Jose A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a relation between pain and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Persistent pain is directly correlated with an increment in alcohol consumption and an increased risk of developing an AUD. Greater levels of pain intensity and unpleasantness are associated with higher levels of relapse, an increase in alcohol consumption, rates of hazardous drinking, and delay to seek for treatment. However, this interaction has not been deeply studied in the preclinical setting.

Methods:
Here, we aim to evaluate how inflammatory pain affects levels of alcohol drinking in male and female rats with a history of alcohol. For that, we used an intermittent access 2-bottle choice paradigm combined with the complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory pain.

Results:
Our results show that CFA-induced inflammatory pain does not alter total intake of 20% alcohol in male or female rats. Interestingly, in males, the presence of CFA-induced inflammatory pain blunts the decrease of alcohol intake when higher concentrations of alcohol are available, whereas it does not have an effect on intake at any concentration in female rats.

Conclusion:
Altogether, this study provides relevant data and constitutes an important contribution to the study of pain and AUD and it highlights the necessity to design better behavioral paradigms in animal models that are more translational and reflect current epidemiological findings.
Associations of Muscle Density and Area With Coronary Artery Plaque and Physical Function
Authors: Erlandson Kristine M. , Umbleja Triin , Lu Michael T. , Taron Jana , Ribaudo Heather J. , Overton Edgar T. , Presti Rachel M. , Haas David W. , Sax Paul E. , Yin Michael T. , Zhai Bingxue Kris , Louis Rochelle , Upadhyay Namrata , Eslami Parastou , Douglas Pamela S. , Zanni Markella V. , Fitch Kathleen V. , Fulda Evelynne S. , Fichtenbaum Carl J. , Malvestutto Carlos D. , Grinspoon Steven K. , Brown Todd T. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Skeletal muscle quality and mass are important for maintaining physical function during advancing age. We leveraged baseline data from Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) to evaluate whether paraspinal muscle density and muscle area are associated with cardiac or physical function outcomes in people with HIV (PWH).

Methods:
REPRIEVE is a double-blind randomized trial evaluating the effect of pitavastatin for primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in PWH. This cross-sectional analysis focuses on participants who underwent coronary computed tomography at baseline. Lower thoracic paraspinal muscle density (Hounsfield units [HU]) and area (cm2) were assessed on noncontrast computed tomography.

Results:
Of 805 PWH, 708 had paraspinal muscle measurements. The median age was 51 years and 17% were natal female patients. The median muscle density was 41 HU (male) and 30 HU (female); area 13.2 cm2/m (male) and 9.9 cm2/m (female). In adjusted analyses, greater density (less fat) was associated with a lower prevalence of any coronary artery plaque, coronary artery calcium score >0, and high plaque burden (P = 0.06); area was not associated with plaque measures. Among 139 patients with physical function measures, greater area (but not density) was associated with better performance on a short physical performance battery and grip strength.

Conclusions:
Among PWH, greater paraspinal muscle density was associated with a lower prevalence of coronary artery disease while greater area was associated with better physical performance. Whether changes in density or area are associated with changes in CAD or physical performance will be evaluated through longitudinal analyses in REPRIEVE.
X- vs. Y-Chromosome Influences on Human Behavior: A Deep Phenotypic Comparison of Psychopathology in XXY and XYY Syndromes
Authors: Schaffer Lukas , Rau Srishti , Clasen Liv , Warling Allysa , Whitman Ethan T. , Nadig Ajay , McDermott Cassidy , Xenophontos Anastasia , Wilson Kathleen , Blumenthal Jonathan , Torres Erin , Raznahan Armin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTDo different genetic disorders impart different psychiatric risk profiles? This question has major implications for biological and translational aspects of psychiatry, but has been difficult to tackle given limited access to shared batteries of fine-grained clinical data across genetic disorders. Using a new suite of generalizable analytic approaches, we examine gold-standard diagnostic ratings, scores on 66 dimensional measures of psychopathology, and measures of cognition and functioning in two different sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) – Klinefelter (XXY/KS) and XYY syndrome (n=102 and 64 vs. n=74 and 60 matched XY controls, total n=300). We focus on SCAs for their high collective prevalence, informativeness regarding differential X– vs. Y-chromosome effects, and potential relevance for normative sex differences. We show that XXY/KS elevates rates for most psychiatric diagnoses as previously reported for XYY, but disproportionately so for anxiety disorders. Fine-mapping across all 66 traits provides a detailed profile of psychopathology in XXY/KS which is strongly correlated with that of XYY (r=.75 across traits) and robust to ascertainment biases, but reveals: (i) a greater penetrance of XYY than KS/XXY for most traits except mood/anxiety problems, and (ii) a disproportionate impact of XYY vs. XXY/KS on social problems. XXY/KS and XXY showed a similar coupling of psychopathology with adaptive function and caregiver strain, but not IQ. This work provides new tools for deep-phenotypic comparisons of genetic disorders in psychiatry and uses these to detail unique and shared effects of the X– and Y-chromosome on human behavior.
The impact of Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms on Delay and Effort discounting: insights from behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological methods
Authors: Terenzi Damiano , Silvetti Massimo , Zoccolan Giorgia , Rumiati Raffaella I. , Aiello Marilena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to value rewards is crucial for adaptive behavior and is influenced by the time and effort required to obtain them. Impairments in these computations have been observed in patients with schizophrenia and may be present in individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms (PS).MethodsIn this study, we employed delay and effort-discounting tasks with food rewards in thirty-nine participants divided into high and low levels of PS. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of effort-discounting through computational modelling of dopamine prefrontal and subcortical circuits and the electrophysiological biomarker of both delay and effort-discounting alterations through resting-state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA).ResultsResults revealed greater delay discounting in the High PS group compared to the Low PS group but no differences in the effort discounting task. However, in this task, the same levels of estimated dopamine release were associated with a lower willingness to exert effort for high-calorie food rewards in High PS participants compared to Low PS participants. Although there were no significant differences in FAA between the High PS and Low PS groups, FAA was significantly associated with the severity of participants’ negative symptoms.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the dysfunction in temporal and effort cost computations, seen in patients with schizophrenia, may be present in individuals with subclinical PS. These findings provide valuable insight into the early vulnerability markers (behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological) for psychosis, which may aid in the development of preventive interventions.
Oligomeric state of β-coronavirus non-structural protein 10 stimulators studied by OmniSEC and Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Knecht Wolfgang , Fisher S. Zoë , Lou Jiaqi , Sele Céleste , Ma Shumeng , Rasmussen Anna Andersson , Pinotsis Nikos , Kozielski Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMembers of the β-coronavirus family such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS have caused pandemics over the last 20 years. Future pandemics are likely and studying the coronavirus family members is necessary for their understanding and treatment. Coronaviruses possess 16 non-structural proteins, many of which are involved in viral replication and other vital functions. Non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) is an essential stimulator of nsp14 and nsp16, modulating RNA proofreading and viral RNA cap formation. Studying nsp10 of pathogenic coronaviruses is central to understanding its multifunctional role. We report the biochemical and biophysical characterisation of full-length nsp10 from MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV-2. Proteins were subjected to a combination of OmniSEC and SEC-MALS to characterise their oligomeric state. Full-length nsp10s were predominantly monomeric in solution, while truncated versions of nsp10 have a higher tendency to oligomerise. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments reveal a globular shape of nsp10 which is conserved in all three coronaviruses, including MERS nsp10, which diverges most from SARS and SARS-CoV-2 nsp10s. In conclusion, unbound nsp10 proteins from SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 are globular and predominantly monomeric in solution. Additionally, we describe for the first time a functional role of the C-terminus of nsp10 for tight binding to nsp14.