bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Government policy as a learning journey: developmental history of the Brazilian “Diesel Crisis”
Authors: Altman Ferreira Paulo Sergio , Reis João Pedro 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how conflicting factors create tensions that hinder the development of effective policies. It specifically focuses on the broken connections between government policies and social-economic sectors. The study intends to explain how differing and often opposing interests in creating government policy influence the learning process.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a research methodology that combines developmental work research as a framework with historical case studies for collecting data. The process starts by identifying a problem and challenges related to the Brazilian “Diesel Crisis”. Following this, an analysis of the activity system was undertaken to uncover contradictions and tensions related to policy development.

Findings
The key results of the study focus on the learning process of public policy by (1) spotting gaps between government policies and socio-economic areas, (2) finding potential sources for a learning path and shared growth, (3) identifying various conflicting interests in the development of government policy, (4) creating learning possibilities in a complex and diverse environment and (5) offering solutions for resolving conflicting relationships in government policy development.

Originality/value
This study highlights the importance of recognizing the complicated social setting where public policy learning takes place, emphasizing the duality of collaboration and conflicting interests among different government bodies, policymakers and community members as they use tools and rules to reach their objectives.
Using gene expression programming to investigate the effect of infill sandwich panels on the response modification factor of moment-resisting reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Azhdari Niloufar , Hashemi Seyed Shaker , Ezzi Saber , Sadeghi Kabir , Fazeli Abdoreza 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Ongoing research indicates that structures with infill panels manifest distinct seismic responses, necessitating further investigation. This study aims to introduce a novel methodology for determining the response modification factor (RMF) of reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames and investigate the impact of infill sandwich panels on these structures.

Design/methodology/approach
Using SAP2000 software, 84 RC frames were meticulously designed and analyzed, followed by the development of a predictive model using genetic programming and GeneXpro Tools software to calculate the RMF values. The results underscore the efficacy of gene expression programming (GEP) in determining the RMF of RC moment-resisting frames.

Findings
The study’s results reveal that the variations in the yield stress of longitudinal reinforcements within the range of 340 to 400 MPa and changes in the design base acceleration have a minimal impact on the RMF value. For RC moment-resisting frames with infill sandwich panels, the RMF value decreases as the span length to storey height ratio (L/H) increases, while it increases with a higher number of storeys. Conversely, for RC frames without infill sandwich panels, the RMF decreases with an increase in the number of storeys. However, no consistent pattern emerges for the RMF with changes in the L/H ratio, highlighting the nonuniform effect of altering this ratio on RMF.

Originality/value
The proposed formula in this study is very effective in predicting the RMF and can assist engineers in the seismic design of RC structures.
Subordinate tree species diversity explains carbon stock better than dominant tree diversity after decades of forest rewilding
Authors: Zhai Kaiyan , Yin Pan , Revillini Daniel , Chen Xinli , Liu Shengen , Lou Yilai , Zhang Weidong , Wang Silong , Zhou Guiyao , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Forest rewilding is expected to help support nature restoration and mitigate climate change by promoting soil carbon (C) stocks. Increases in biodiversity after decades of rewilding may affect forest soil C stocks; however, the relative contribution of subordinate and dominant tree species diversity to soil C stocks after decades of forest rewilding remains poorly understood.

Here, we conducted a standardized field survey to investigate how subordinate (i.e. rarer) and dominant (i.e. more common) tree species diversity (determined based on basal area) correlate with multiple aspects of soil C stocks (i.e. total soil C stock, dissolved organic C, microbial residue C, and microbial respiration) after 31 years of the establishment of a forest plantation in a subtropical ecosystem.

We found that both subordinate and dominant tree species diversity were positively correlated with soil C stock, dissolved organic C, microbial residue C, and microbial respiration. Meanwhile, tree functional traits (e.g. the proportion of N‐fixing taxa) among subordinate species were positively correlated with bacterial residue C. Strikingly, subordinate tree species diversity explained a larger portion of variation in soil C stock compared with the diversity of dominant tree species. Structural equation model (SEM) further suggested that subordinate plant biodiversity influenced soil C stocks via its influence on plant traits.

Synthesis and applications. Our work provides new insights on the crucial role of subordinate tree species diversity in supporting C stocks after decades‐long rewilding of a subtropical forest. Therefore, the preservation of the rarer subordinate plant species is fundamental to develop sustainable forest management strategies, and for policymakers to promote climate change mitigating ecosystem services.
Short Squeezes After Short‐Selling Attacks
Authors: STICE‐LAWRENCE LORIEN , WONG YU TING FORESTER , ZHAO WUYANG 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe estimate the prevalence and drivers of short squeezes after short‐selling attacks. Positive returns after attacks have a disproportionate tendency to fully reverse and are accompanied by heightened short covering, consistent with the presence of short squeezes. We assess and find no support for non‐squeeze drivers of these positive return reversals and show they are more likely to be accompanied by squeeze‐related news articles, increased stock volatility, and disruptions in the stock lending market. Using positive return reversals as a proxy for short squeezes, we estimate that 15% of short attacks experience squeezes, and squeeze risk increases with short sellers’ visibility but decreases with the credibility of their evidence. Additionally, squeezes appear to be precipitated by actions of firms and investors, including insider purchases, share recalls, retail investor trading, and firm disclosures. Our findings quantify a material risk and check on activist short selling and are especially timely given recent proposed short‐selling restrictions.
Accounting fraud detection through textual risk disclosures in annual reports: From the perspective of SEC guidelines
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqian , Wu Huidong , Chang Yanpeng , Li Jianping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the use of textual risk disclosures in annual reports to detect accounting fraud. We developed an indicator system based on Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) guidelines to evaluate the quality of risk disclosures. An analysis of 41,343 financial reports from US listed companies revealed that textual risk disclosures enhance fraud detection accuracy and function as an early warning system. The performance of these disclosures surpasses traditional analyses of the Management Discussion and Analysis section. Our findings highlight the value of textual risk disclosures in identifying accounting fraud and underscore the crucial role of regulatory guidelines in ensuring financial integrity.
Potential Predictors of Biological Therapy Intensification in Moderate‐To‐Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Melgosa Ramos Francisco Javier , García Ruiz Ramón , Martorell Antonio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTModerate‐to‐severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating disease that often requires biological therapy. Despite the effectiveness of approved doses, some patients experience partial or loss of response over time, leading to the need for dose intensification. This retrospective multicentre study aimed to identify predictors of biological therapy intensification in HS patients. The results showed that prior use of biological treatments and biosimilar adalimumab were significant predictors of intensification, suggesting closer monitoring may be needed for certain patient profiles to optimise treatment outcomes.
Aging Selectively Alters PRR and ISG Expression in Endo‐ and Ecto‐Cervical Stromal Fibroblasts From the Human Female Reproductive Tract
Authors: Patel Mickey V. , Shen Zheng , Hopkins Daniel C. , Barr Fiona D. , Wira Charles R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTProblemAging alters immune function in women and can lead increased risk of infections, particularly in the female reproductive tract (FRT).Method of StudyTo determine how aging affects innate immune responses in the cervical stroma of the FRT, we isolated endocervical (CX) and ectocervical (ECX) stromal fibroblasts and determine if their expression of multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and responses to viral stimulation varied with menopause and age.ResultsConstitutive expression of most PRRs did not vary with age or menopausal status in either cell type. However, the expression of TLR7, MDA5, and NOD2 by ECX stromal fibroblasts significantly increased in post‐menopausal women, while the expression of NOD1 by CX stromal fibroblast also significantly increased in post‐menopausal women. When stratified by age, the expression of TLR6 by CX stromal fibroblasts, and MDA5 and NOD2 by ECX stromal fibroblasts increased significantly with increasing age. Stimulation with the dsRNA viral mimic HMW poly (I:C), a ligand for MDA5, resulted in significantly increased expression of the Type I interferons (IFN) IFNβ and IFNε, the Type III interferon IFNλ1, and interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) MxA, OAS2, and ISG15 in both cell populations. However, upregulation of IFNβ, IFNλ1, MxA, OAS2, and ISG15 in response to poly (I:C) significantly declined with increasing post‐menopausal age in ECX stromal fibroblasts. There was no effect of age or menopause on either IFN or ISG expression in CX stromal fibroblasts.ConclusionOverall, these studies demonstrate that ECX and CX fibroblasts are phenotypically distinct populations and that increasing post‐menopausal age reduces IFN and ISG upregulation in ECX stromal fibroblasts in response to viral stimulation, potentially leading to decreased protection against incoming viral pathogens in older post‐menopausal women.
Causal Relationship Between Antibody‐Mediated Immune Responses of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Reproductive Tract Complications: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hong Yanggang , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeCharacterized as a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, Chlamydia trachomatis is intimately associated with reproductive tract complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility. However, the causal relationships between C. trachomatis infection and reproductive tract complications remain elusive.MethodsTo investigate the causal relationships between C. trachomatis antibodies and seven reproductive tract complications, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The fundamental data were originated from the genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) database. While the influences of C. trachomatis antibodies on reproductive tract complications such as tubal factor infertility (TFI) and PID have been assessed, the reverse MR analysis examined how these complications impacted C. trachomatis antibodies.ResultsThe forward MR analysis revealed that the upregulation of MOMP A antibodies was significantly associated with a reduced risk of TFI (OR = 0.932, p = 0.007), while MOMP D antibodies were associated with a reduced risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP) (OR = 0.923, p = 0.005). However, no significant causal interactions were identified for other reproductive complications. Moreover, the reverse MR analysis indicated that cervicitis was significantly correlated with lower MOMP A antibody levels (OR = 0.900, p = 0.016).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the protective effects of C. trachomatis antibodies, particularly MOMP A and MOMP D, against TFI and EP, respectively. It also emphasizes the potential role of cervical inflammation in shaping immune responses to C. trachomatis. These insights provide a foundation for future research to develop immune‐targeted therapies and integrated approaches for preventing and managing C. trachomatis‐related reproductive tract complications.
Instructional design features in ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia simulation‐based training: a systematic review
Authors: Sekhavati Pooyan , Wild Tristan , Martinez Ingrid D. P. C. , Dion Pierre‐Marc , Woo Michael , Ramlogan Reva , Boet Sylvain , Shorr Risa , Gu Yuqi 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIntroductionUltrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia enhances pain control, patient outcomes and lowers healthcare costs. However, teaching this skill effectively presents challenges with current training methods. Simulation‐based medical education offers advantages over traditional methods. However, the use of instructional design features in ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia simulation training has not been defined. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the prevalence of various instructional design features in ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia simulation training and their correlation with learning outcomes using a modified Kirkpatrick model.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted including studies from inception to August 2024. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials; controlled before‐and‐after studies; and other experimental designs focusing on ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia simulation training. Data extraction included study characteristics; simulation modalities; instructional design features; and outcomes.ResultsOf the 2023 articles identified, 62 met inclusion criteria. Common simulation modalities included live‐model scanning and gel phantom models. Instructional design features such as the presence of expert instructors, repetitive practice and multiple learning strategies were prevalent, showing significant improvements across multiple outcome levels. However, fewer studies assessed behaviour (Kirkpatrick level 3) and patient outcomes (Kirkpatrick level 4).DiscussionUltrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia simulation training incorporating specific instructional design features enhances educational outcome; this was particularly evident at lower Kirkpatrick levels. Optimal combinations of instructional design features for higher‐level outcomes (Kirkpatrick levels 3 and 4) remain unclear. Future research should standardise outcome measurements and isolate individual instructional design features to better understand their impact on clinical practice and patient safety.
An approach to Hemequity: Identifying the barriers and facilitators of iron deficiency reduction strategies in low‐ to middle‐income countries
Authors: Ge Shiliang , Ali Saif , Haldane Victoria , Bekdache Carine , Tang Grace H. , Sholzberg Michelle 
Published: January 2025

SummaryApproximately 1.92 billion people worldwide are anaemic, and iron deficiency is the most common cause. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) disproportionately affects women of reproductive age and remains under‐addressed in low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMICs). The primary objective of our scoping review is to evaluate the barriers and facilitators to IDA management in LMICs by using an intersectionality‐enhanced implementation science lens adapted from the consolidated framework for implementation research and the theoretical domains framework. A total of 53 studies were identified. Contextual barriers included the deprioritization of IDA risk, unequal gender norms and stigma from the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Regional poverty, conflict and natural disasters led to supply chain barriers. Individual‐level facilitators included partner support and antenatal care access while barriers included forgetfulness and having medical comorbidities. Successful interventions also utilized education initiatives to empower women in community decision‐making. Moreover, community mobilization and the degree of community ownership determined the sustainability of IDA reduction strategies. IDA is not only a medical problem, but one that is rooted in the sociocultural and political context. Future approaches must recognize the resilience of LMIC communities and acknowledge the importance of knowledge translation rooted in community ownership and empowerment.
Guidance and Considerations When Performing Data‐Validity Checks
Authors: Cimpian Joseph R. , Timmer Jennifer D. , Kim Taek H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis response to a Commentary by Delgado‐Ron, Jeyabalan, Watt, and Salway (2024) on Cimpian, Timmer, and Kim's (2023) paper discusses and clarifies some key issues in applying the new data‐validity sensitivity analysis proposed by Cimpian et al. (2023). The differences in the applications of the method by Delgado‐Ron et al. (2024) and Cimpian et al. (2023) present an opportunity to recognize the possibilities of this method, while also noting some challenges and limitations. This response‐commentary focuses on five key areas: (1) surmising a set of likely motivations of the survey respondents, (2) selecting the screener items, (3) considering the outcomes examined, (4) reflecting on null results in a sensitivity analysis, and (5) recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of the ease of this new method.
A Unique Case of MBD5 and CCM2 Deletions Leading to a Severe Neurological Phenotype With Prolonged Status Epilepticus
Authors: Silva Sebastián , Venegas Viviana , Valenzuela Marcela , Retamales‐Moreno Álvaro , Muñoz‐Castro Carolina , Acevedo Hernán , Marengo Juan‐José , Okubo Mariko , Takada Sanami , Miyake Noriko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHeterozygous pathogenic variants in MBD5 (MIM*611472) and CCM2 (MIM*607929) cause autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 1 (MIM#156200) and cerebral cavernous malformations‐2 (MIM#603284), respectively. Both conditions may present with seizures, epilepsy, and status epilepticus. However, super‐refractory status epilepticus, defined as seizures lasting more than 24 h, has not been described in either condition. Herein, we describe the case of a 14‐year‐old boy with a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a heterozygous MBD5 deletion as well as multiple cerebral cavernous malformations caused by a CCM2 deletion, who presented with prolonged super‐refractory status epilepticus. After 2 months of status epilepticus that was refractory to several anticonvulsants and a ketogenic diet, the patient underwent a surgical corpus callosotomy, which controlled the seizures. Genetic analysis revealed MBD5 and CCM2 deletions. We hypothesize that the co‐occurrence of these two deletions in the patient interplayed synergistically, leading to a more severe clinical phenotype than those caused by either of the two independent conditions. We highlight the relevance of corpus callosotomy as a surgical option in severe cases of status epilepticus in which a brain focal resection is not feasible.
Evaluation of the efficacy of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Yu , He Mingze , Liu Zheng , Chen Kuo , Denis Khlusov , Zhang Jin , Zou Jinqi , Semchenko Bagdan S. , Efetov Sergey K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimNatural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has gained significant importance in treating cancers. The current study is a meta‐analysis that aimed to assess the short‐term efficacy and long‐term prognostic impact of NOSES and conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodPublished reports in several medical databases up to February 2024 were searched and information pertinent to outcomes of NOSES and CL in retrospective and randomized studies to treat CRC was collected. Pooled weighted/standardized mean difference (WMD/SMD), odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed‐effects model or random‐effects model, and meta‐analysis was subsequently performed using Stata.ResultsThirty‐one studies with a total of 4637 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. When compared with CL, NOSES had significant advantages in several indicators, such as wound infection [OR = 0.22 (95% CI 0.13–0.38); Z = 5.56, p = 0], incisional hernia [OR = 0.24 (95% CI 0.11–0.54); Z = 3.44, p = 0.001], blood loss [WMD = −10.17 (95% CI −14.75 to −5.60); Z = 4.36, p = 0], incision length [WMD = −4.94 (95% CI −5.27 to −4.60); Z = 29.10, p = 0.00], postoperative pain [WMD = −1.43 (95% CI −1.69 to −1.18); Z = 11.02, p = 0.00], use of additional analgesics [OR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.39–0.82); Z = 3.06, p = 0.002], hospital stay [WMD = –1.25 (95% CI −1.58 to –0.93); Z = 7.65, p = 0.00], gastrointestinal recovery [WMD = −13.42 (95% CI −17.77 to −9.07); Z = 6.05, p = 0.00], first flatus [WMD = −0.50 (95% CI −0.68 to −0.32); Z = 5.34, p = 0.00] and cosmetic result [WMD = 2.11 (95% CI 0.92–3.30); Z = 3.47, p = 0.001]. However, NOSES required a significantly longer duration of surgery [WMD = 14.13 (95% CI 6.70–21.56); Z = 3.73, p = 0.00]. There were no significant differences in postoperative anastomotic leakage, intra‐abdominal infection, lymph node harvest, proximal and distal margins, 5‐year disease‐free and 5‐year overall survival and pelvic floor function.ConclusionNOSES is considered an efficient surgical method of treatment for CRC that allows patients to have long‐term favourable oncological outcomes while recovering faster with minimal pain. However, these findings still require confirmation through studies on large population cohorts.
Optineurin Cooperates With NRF2 to Regulate Tooth Root Morphogenesis by Controlling Mitochondrial Dynamics and Apoptosis
Authors: Liu Haojie , Zhang Xinyu , Ge Xiao , Hsu ChingCho , Wang Yan , Chen Simai , Yan Xingzhi , Xu Rongyao , Ma Junqing , Guo Shuyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTooth root development is a complex process essential for tooth function, yet the role of root dentin development in tooth morphogenesis is not fully understood. Optineurin (OPTN), linked to bone disorders like Paget's disease of bone (PDB), may affect tooth root development. In this study, we used single‐cell sequencing of embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), postnatal day 1 (P1), and P7 mouse teeth, as well as embryonic and adult human teeth, to show that OPTN is vital for odontoblastic differentiation. In Optn−/− mice, we observed short root deformities and defective dentin, with impaired apical papilla differentiation and increased apoptosis. In vitro OPTN downregulation in stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) exacerbated apoptosis and hindered odontoblastic differentiation. RNA‐seq analysis revealed significant differences in mitochondrial dynamics between control and OPTN knockout SCAPs. We discovered that OPTN influences mitochondrial dynamics primarily by promoting fission, leading to odontoblastic differentiation and mineralisation. Mechanistically, OPTN cooperates with NRF2 to regulate mitochondrial fission via DRP1 phosphorylation and affects the transcription of BCL2. Rescue experiments using an activator of NRF2 in ex vivo organ cultures and local gingival injection experiments confirmed these findings. Therefore, we concluded that OPTN, interacting with NRF2, acts as a key regulator of SCAPs mitochondrial dynamics, mineralisation and apoptosis during tooth development. These findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms underlying tooth root development.