bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated analysis identifies six molecular subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma revealing cellular and molecular landscape
Authors: Li Lixing , Shen Lu , Wu Hao , Li Mo , Chen Luan , Zhou Qiang , Ma Jingsong , Huai Cong , Zhou Wei , Wei Muyun , Zhao Mingzhe , Zhao Xianglong , Du Huihui , Jiang Bixuan , Sun Yidan , Zhang Na , Qin Shengying , Xing Tonghai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been found to have a high mortality rate. Despite continuous efforts, current histopathological classification is insufficient to guide individualized therapies of PDA. We first define the molecular subtypes of PDA (MSOP) based on a meta-cohort of 845 samples from 11 PDA datasets. We then performed functional analyses involving immunity, fibrosis and metabolism. We recognized six molecular subtypes with different survival statistics and molecular composition. The squamous basal-like (SBL) subtype had a poor prognosis and high infiltration of ENO1+ (Enolase 1)/ADM+ (Adrenomedullin) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The immune mesenchymal-like (IML) subtype and the normal mesenchymal-like (NML) subtype were characterized by genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) activities and immune responses, having favorable prognoses. IML was featured by elevated exhausted immune signaling and inflammatory CAFs infiltration, whereas NML was featured with myofibroblastic CAFs infiltration. The exocrine-like (EL) subtype was high in exocrine signals, while the pure classical-like (PCL) subtype lacked immunocytes infiltration. The quiescent-like (QL) subtype had diminished metabolic signaling and high infiltration of NK cells. SBL, IML and NML were enriched in innate anti-PD-1 resistance signatures. In sum, this MSOP depicts a vivid cell-to-molecular atlas of the tumor microenvironment of PDA and might facilitate to design a precise combination of therapies that target immunity, metabolism and stroma.
Reconciling two concepts of money: Karl Marx and Tony Lawson
Authors: Li Xiuhui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There are two fundamental theories of the nature of money: the commodity theory and the credit theory. These theories, with their contrasting core emphases on a commodity or on debt, are widely recognised as being wholly incompatible. However, we argue that the core emphases at least are reconcilable in determining a more sustainable way of conceptualising money. We demonstrate, first, the fatal problems of the two conceptions of money, and the necessity of reconciling their contrasting core emphases to address the puzzle of money. Second, we find another theoretical tradition represented by Karl Marx and Tony Lawson that provides methods to achieve the desired reconciliation. Marx applies duality analysis to the nature of money, and Lawson draws on social positioning theory. This paper can aid scholars in better understanding the nature of money.
NLRP3 Inhibition Leads to Impaired Mucosal Fibroblast Function in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Weber Simone , Sitte Selina , Voegele Anna-Lena , Sologub Ludmilla , Wilfer Angelika , Rath Timo , Nägel Andreas , Zundler Sebastian , Franchi Luigi , Opipari Anthony W , Sonnewald Sophia , Reid Stephen , Hartmann Arndt , Eichhorn Philip , Handtrack Claudia , Weber Klaus , Grützmann Robert , Neufert Clemens , Schellerer Vera S , Naschberger Elisabeth , Ekici Arif B , Büttner Christian , Neurath Markus F , Atreya Raja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by mucosal inflammation and sequential fibrosis formation, but the exact role of the hyperactive NLRP3 inflammasome in these processes is unclear. Thus, we studied the expression and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of inflammation and fibrosis in IBD.

Methods
We analysed intestinal NLRP3 expression in mucosal immune cells and fibroblasts from IBD patients and NLRP3-associated gene expression via single-cell RNA sequencing and microarray analyses. Furthermore, cytokine secretion of NLRP3 inhibitor treated blood and mucosal cells, as well as proliferation, collagen production, and cell death of NLRP3 inhibitor treated intestinal fibroblasts from IBD patients were studied.

Results
We found increased NLRP3 expression in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and NLRP3 inhibition led to reduced IL-1β and IL-18 production in blood cells and diminished the bioactive form of mucosal IL-1β. Single cell analysis identified overlapping expression patterns of NLRP3 and IL-1β in classically activated intestinal macrophages and we also detected NLRP3 expression in CD163+ macrophages. In addition, NLRP3 expression was also found in intestinal fibroblasts from IBD patients. Inhibition of NLRP3 led to reduced proliferation of intestinal fibroblasts, which was associated with a marked decrease in production of collagen type I and type VI in IBD patients. Moreover, NLRP3 inhibition in intestinal fibroblasts induced autophagy, a cellular process involved in collagen degradation.

Conclusions
In the presented study, we demonstrate that inhibiting NLRP3 might pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches in IBD, especially to prevent the severe complication of intestinal fibrosis formation.
Genetic adaptations in the population history of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kishino Hirohisa , Nakamichi Reiichiro , Kitada Shuichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A population encounters a variety of environmental stresses, so the full source of its resilience can only be captured by collecting all the signatures of adaptation to the selection of the local environment in its population history. Based on the multiomic data of Arabidopsis thaliana, we constructed a database of phenotypic adaptations (p-adaptations) and gene expression (e-adaptations) adaptations in the population. Through the enrichment analysis of the identified adaptations, we inferred a likely scenario of adaptation that is consistent with the biological evidence from experimental work. We analyzed the dynamics of the allele frequencies at the 23,880 QTLs of 174 traits and 8,618 eQTLs of 1,829 genes with respect to the total SNPs in the genomes and identified 650 p-adaptations and 3,925 e-adaptations [false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.05]. The population underwent large-scale p-adaptations and e-adaptations along 4 lineages. Extremely cold winters and short summers prolonged seed dormancy and expanded the root system architecture. Low temperatures prolonged the growing season, and low light intensity required the increased chloroplast activity. The subtropical and humid environment enhanced phytohormone signaling pathways in response to the biotic and abiotic stresses. Exposure to heavy metals selected alleles for lower heavy metal uptake from soil, lower growth rate, lower resistance to bacteria, and higher expression of photosynthetic genes were selected. The p-adaptations are directly interpretable, while the coadapted gene expressions reflect the physiological requirements for the adaptation. The integration of this information characterizes when and where the population has experienced environmental stress and how the population responded at the molecular level.
Understanding Boredom and Leisure in Later Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: An Jaesung , Payne Laura L , Lee Milae , Janke Megan C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Anecdotal evidence and references to boredom appear frequently in mass media, but only a few studies directly examine the phenomenon of boredom, and existing literature within the context of leisure has primarily focused on adolescents. Social isolation and loneliness often intertwine with boredom, and chronic conditions are major factors that increase the risk of experiencing boredom in later life. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of boredom among older adults and assess the existing literature to gain a more holistic understanding of boredom and how it has been studied among older adults in the context of leisure.

Research Design and Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study gathered literature from 5 electronic databases through December 2022. This systematic review investigated both qualitative and quantitative evidence, and standardized data extraction and study quality assessments were conducted.

Results
A comprehensive search initially revealed 2,757 potentially relevant articles, 8 of which met the full inclusion criteria. Three studies investigated the phenomenon of leisure-boredom, and 5 studies assessed the experience of boredom in general and its relationship with leisure engagement. A majority of the studies, especially ones that examined older adults’ experience of overall boredom experience, lacked a thorough description of the phenomenon and did not use reliable and/or valid measurements.

Discussion and Implications
Findings from 8 articles offer insights into boredom; however, the discussion examines the limitations of these studies and reasons why studying boredom is important. We also speculate as to why little research has addressed leisure boredom among older adults and propose a research agenda for increasing our understanding of the ways older adults experience boredom, the effects boredom has on health and well-being, and how boredom can be alleviated and/or managed in the context of leisure.
Association of health literacy with smoking behavior among Chinese men
Authors: Wang Lanlan , Li Yinghua , Li Li , Zhang Gang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Health literacy may constitute a modifiable determinant of smoking behavior and intention to quit. Little is known about the extent to which health literacy affects smoking or quitting smoking. We assessed the nationally representative cross-sectional datasets from the China Health Literacy Surveillance (CHLS) initiated in 2018. Using polytomous logistic regression models, the study investigated the association of health literacy with smoking behavior and the intention to quit smoking among men aged 15–69 in China. After confounding factors were controlled, compared with having below basic health literacy, having adequate health literacy appeared to be an independent protective factor from current smoking [current smoking vs never smoking: adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–0.96; p = 0.003; current smoking vs former smoking: adjusted OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.92; p = 0.003], while having intermediate health literacy was associated with current smoking vs never smoking (adjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.17; p = 0.011) or former smoking vs never smoking (adjusted OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06–1.40; p = 0.005). And having adequate health literacy was associated with intending to quit among current smokers (adjusted OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10–1.42; p &lt; 0.001). Findings provide evidence that health literacy may serve as a critical and independent protective factor for reducing poor smoking behavior or enhancing cessation intention among men. Efforts should focus on developing and evaluating intervention to control tobacco use among men with low health literacy level.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Australia, 2020-22
Authors: Adair Tim , Houle Brian , Canudas-Romo Vladimir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Australia provides a valuable international case study of life expectancy during the pandemic. In contrast to many other countries, it experienced relatively stringent restrictions and low COVID-19 mortality during 2020–21, followed by relaxation of these restrictions when high vaccination rates were achieved. This study measures Australia’s life expectancy trends and the contributions of age group and causes of death, during the pandemic.

Methods
Trends in life expectancy at birth in Australia and its states and territories were measured from 2020 to 2022. The contributions of age group and cause of death to these trends were measured using decomposition methods. Life expectancy was compared with other high-income countries.

Results
Australia’s life expectancy fell by more than half a year in 2022, following a sharp increase in 2020 and moderate decline in 2021. For the 3 years 2020 to 2022, life expectancy was 0.13 years (95% confidence interval 0.07-0.19) higher for males and 0.09 years (0.03-0.14) higher for females versus 2017–19. Australia’s life expectancy increase in 2020 was larger than that in the vast majority of other high-income countries, but its decline in 2022 was greater than in other countries whose life expectancy rose in the first year of the pandemic. The small negative contribution of COVID-19 deaths to life expectancy in Australia was more than offset by lower non-communicable disease mortality. There were only small differences in life expectancy change between the states with the most stringent restrictions (Victoria and New South Wales) and the rest of Australia.

Conclusions
Australia’s life expectancy trends during 2020–22 were relatively favourable compared with other high-income countries, with the exception of its sharp decline in 2022 once restrictions were loosened.
Transversal Generalizations of Hyperplane Equipartitions
Authors: Frick Florian , Murray Samuel , Simon Steven , Stemmler Laura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The classical Ham Sandwich theorem states that any $d$ point sets in ${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$ can be simultaneously bisected by a single affine hyperplane. A generalization of Dolnikov asserts that any $d$ families of pairwise intersecting compact, convex sets in ${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$ admit a common hyperplane transversal. We extend Dolnikov’s theorem by showing that families of compact convex sets satisfying more general non-disjointness conditions admit common transversals by multiple hyperplanes. In particular, these generalize all known optimal results to the long-standing Grünbaum–Hadwiger–Ramos measure equipartition problem in the case of two hyperplanes. Our proof proceeds by establishing topological Radon-type intersection theorems and then applying Gale duality in the linear setting. For a single hyperplane, this gives a new proof of Dolnikov’s original result via Sarkaria’s non-embedding criterion for simplicial complexes.
A Method for Extending Target Regions of Genomic Profiling by Combining a Custom Probe Pool with a Commercial Targeted Panel
Authors: Kukita Yoji , Kunimasa Kei , Akazawa Takashi , Mizote Yu , Tahara Hideaki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genomic profiling is becoming widespread in determining treatment policies for patients with tumors. Commercially available gene panels for pan-tumor targets comprise hundreds of tumor-related genes but frequently lack genes of interest in specific tumor types. In this study, we demonstrate a method for extending target regions of genomic profiling by combining a custom probe pool with a commercial targeted panel.

Methods
We used TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) as a commercial targeted panel and a custom probe pool designed for all exons of the SMARCA2 gene. Sequencing libraries of custom targets were constructed using a portion of the TSO500 library solution before the hybridization-capture process. After hybridization capture, both libraries were combined and sequenced using a next-generation sequencer.

Results
Sequencing results showed that &gt;96.8% and 100% of the target exons were covered at a depth of over 100× using the TSO500 and custom panels, respectively. The custom panels had slightly better median exon coverage than the TSO500. The combined libraries of the custom and TSO500 panels showed a mapped read ratio close to the mixing ratio. Analysis of mutation-free regions showed similar accuracies between the TSO500 and custom panels regarding variant calling.

Conclusions
Our devised method easily and affordably extends the targets beyond a ready-made panel. This method provides a valuable solution until the widespread adoption of whole-exome sequencing, which is costly for large target sizes.
Effects of the F94L myostatin gene mutation in beef × dairy crossed cattle on strip loin steak dimensionality, shear force, and sensory attributes
Authors: Waller Bryanne E , Whitewood Tatum A , Woerner Dale R , Garcia Samuel R , Wulf Duane M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Carcasses (n = 115) from steers resulting from the mating of four Limousin × Angus sires heterozygous for the F94L myostatin mutation to Jersey, Jersey × Holstein, and Holstein dams were utilized to evaluate the effects of one copy of the F94L allele on strip loin dimensionality, Warner–Bratzler shear force and slice shear force, and sensory panel ratings. In phase I of a two-phase study, 57 carcasses from two sires were utilized to obtain samples of longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM), gluteus medsius (GM), semitendinosus (ST), serratus ventralis, triceps brachii, and biceps femori muscles, which were vacuum packaged, aged until 10 d postmortem, and frozen. Frozen strip loins were cut into 14, 2.5-cm-thick steaks each, and individual strip loin steaks were imaged at a fixed height on a gridded background and processed through image analysis software. In phase II, to obtain a greater power of test for LD palatability attributes, 58 additional carcasses from three sires were utilized to obtain LD samples only for sensory panel and shear force analysis. Cooked steak sensory attributes evaluated by trained panelists were tenderness, juiciness, beef flavor, browned flavor, roasted flavor, umami flavor, metallic flavor, fat-like flavor, buttery flavor, sour flavor, oxidized flavor, and liver-like flavor. In strip loin steaks from carcasses with one F94L allele, LD muscle area was larger in steaks 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9, and steaks 1, 6, 7, and 9 were less angular than those from carcasses with no F94L allele (P &lt; 0.05). Of the seven muscles observed, there were no shear force differences between F94L genotypes (P &gt; 0.20). F94L genotype did not affect sensory panel ratings of LD and GM steaks (P &gt; 0.07). Cooked ST steaks from carcasses with one F94L rated lower in fat-like flavor compared to those from carcasses with no F94L allele (P = 0.035). Cooked PM steaks from carcasses with one F94L allele rated lower in juiciness, fat-like flavor, buttery flavor, and umami flavor compared to those with no copies of the F94L (P &lt; 0.04). In summary, one copy of the F94L allele utilized in beef × dairy cross steers improved strip loin steak dimensionality, did not affect cooked steak tenderness across seven muscles, and decreased fat-associated flavors in the PM and ST. The use of F94L homozygous terminal beef sires would be an easily implemented strategy for dairy producers to improve steak portion size and shape in carcasses from nonreplacement calves.
Distinct myofibrillar sub-proteomic profiles are associated with the instrumental texture of aged pork loin
Authors: Johnson Logan G , Zhai Chaoyu , Steadham Edward M , Reever Leah M , Prusa Kenneth J , Nair Mahesh N , Huff-Lonergan Elisabeth , Lonergan Steven M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fresh pork tenderness contributes to consumer satisfaction with the eating experience. Postmortem proteolysis of proteins within and between myofibrils has been closely linked with pork tenderness development. A clear understanding of the molecular features associated with pork tenderness development will provide additional targets and open the door to new solutions to improve and make pork tenderness development more consistent. Therefore, the objective was to utilize liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag (TMT) multiplexing to evaluate myofibrillar sub-proteome differences between pork chops of different instrumental star probe values. Pork loins (N = 120) were collected from a commercial harvest facility at 24 h postmortem. Quality and sensory attributes were evaluated at 24 h postmortem and after ~2 weeks of postmortem aging. Pork chops were grouped into 4 groups based on instrumental star probe value (group A,x¯ = 4.23 kg, 3.43 to 4.55 kg; group B,x¯ = 4.79 kg, 4.66 to 5.00 kg; group C,x¯ = 5.43 kg, 5.20 to 5.64 kg; group D,x¯ = 6.21 kg, 5.70 to 7.41 kg; n = 25 per group). Myofibrillar proteins from the samples aged ~2 wk were fractionated, washed, and solubilized in 8.3 M urea, 2 M thiourea, and 1% dithiothreitol. Proteins were digested with trypsin, labeled with 11-plex isobaric TMT reagents, and identified and quantified using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Between groups A and D, 54 protein groups were differentially abundant (adjusted P &lt; 0.05). Group A had a greater abundance of proteins related to the thick and thin filament and a lesser abundance of Z-line-associated proteins and metabolic enzymes than group D chops. These data highlight that distinct myofibrillar sub-proteomes are associated with pork chops of different tenderness values. Future research should evaluate changes immediately and earlier postmortem to further elucidate myofibrillar sub-proteome differences over the postmortem aging period.
The Direct Effect of Corporate Law on Entrepreneurship
Authors: Guzman Jorge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
From 1946 to 1983, US states modernized their corporate law by adopting the Model Business Corporation Act (MBCA), a compendium of legal best practices. Better corporate law increased entrepreneurship. After the adoption of the MBCA, the number of new local corporations increased by 26% on average, half of which was substitution from other firm types, and the rest was net-new firms. States that only partially adopted saw no benefit, and the largest increases were concentrated in regions with ex ante lower quality law. At the individual level, people in states adopting the MBCA also report higher self-employment levels, but not higher wage employment or labor force participation. Consistent with the MBCA increasing efficiency and decreasing regulatory capture, the effect was larger for women, black, and those located outside the central city.