bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Liberman Ava L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), thrombosis of the dural sinus, cerebral veins, or both, is a rare cerebrovascular disease. Although mortality rates after CVT have declined over time, this condition can result in devastating neurologic outcomes. This article reviews the latest literature regarding CVT epidemiology, details new factors associated with the development of CVT, and describes advances in CVT treatment. It also contains a discussion of future directions in the field, including novel diagnostic imaging modalities, and potential strategies to reduce the risks associated with CVT.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The incidence of CVT may be as high as 2 per 100,000 adults per year. It remains a difficult condition to diagnose given its variable clinical manifestations and the necessity of neuroimaging for confirmation. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a novel CVT trigger, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), as well as an association between COVID-19 infection and CVT. Although VITT is a very rare event, timely diagnosis and treatment of CVT due to VITT likely improves patient outcomes. Direct oral anticoagulants are currently being used to treat CVT and emerging data suggest that these agents are as safe and effective as vitamin K antagonists. The role of endovascular therapy to treat CVT, despite a recent clinical trial, remains unproven.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
The incidence of CVT has increased, outcomes have improved, and the use of direct oral anticoagulants to treat CVT represents an important advance in the clinical care of these patients. Rates of CVT as a complication of COVID-19 vaccines using adenoviral vectors are very low (<5 per million vaccine doses administered), with the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination far outweighing the risks.
Diagnosis and Management of Cardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Yaghi Shadi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Cardioembolic stroke accounts for nearly 30% of ischemic strokes. Prompt diagnosis of the underlying mechanism may improve secondary prevention strategies. This article reviews recent randomized trials, observational studies, case reports, and guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of cardioembolic stroke.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Several pathologies can lead to cardioembolic stroke, including atrial fibrillation, aortic arch atheroma, patent foramen ovale, left ventricular dysfunction, and many others. Secondary stroke prevention strategies differ across these heterogeneous mechanisms. In addition to medical treatment advances such as the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation, surgical treatments such as closure of patent foramen ovale have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke in select patients. Furthermore, left atrial appendage occlusion is a promising strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation who are candidates for short-term oral anticoagulation therapy but not long-term oral anticoagulation therapy.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
A thorough diagnostic evaluation is essential to determine cardioembolic causes of stroke. In addition to risk factor management and lifestyle modifications, identification and targeting of the underlying cardioembolic stroke mechanisms will lead to improved stroke prevention strategies in patients with cardioembolic stroke.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transcavernous Posterior Clinoidectomy With Inferior Hypophyseal Artery Preservation for a Cavernous Sinus Hemangioma: Technical Case Report
Authors: Gosal Jaskaran S. , Bhuskute Govind S. , Alsavaf Mohammad Bilal , Wu Kyle C. , Salem Eman H. , Jawad Basit , Kelly Kathleen M. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Unilateral inferior hypophyseal artery (IHA) sacrifice is routinely performed during endoscopic endonasal transcavernous interdural posterior clinoidectomy. However, unilateral IHA sacrifice presents the risk of temporary postoperative diabetes insipidus. We present a case demonstrating the feasibility of endoscopic endonasal transcavernous posterior clinoidectomy without IHA sacrifice.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 62-year-old man presented with progressive weakness of his left oculomotor and abducens nerves. MRI of the brain revealed a small lesion suspicious for hemangioma in the posterior compartment of the left cavernous sinus. Following an endoscopic endonasal transcavernous approach using the interdural peeling technique, an IHA-sparing posterior clinoidectomy was performed to provide access to the tumor in the posterior cavernous sinus. After complete resection, the patient's symptoms improved and a diagnosis of cavernous sinus hemangioma was confirmed by histopathology.

CONCLUSION
Unilateral IHA preservation may be performed safely when performing a transcavernous interdural posterior clinoidectomy. IHA preservation can be readily achieved if the artery is redundant, the lesion is small and located in the posterior cavernous sinus, and there is a short posterior clinoid, ultimately avoiding the risk of transient postoperative diabetes insipidus.
Customized External Cranioplasty for Management of Syndrome of Trephined in Nonsurgical Candidates
Authors: Ghinda Cristina D. , Stewart Ryan , Totis Francesca , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Anderson William S. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Craniectomies represent a lifesaving neurosurgical procedure for many severe neurological conditions, such as traumatic brain injury. Syndrome of trephined (SoT) is an important complication of decompressive craniectomy, and cranial reconstruction is the definitive treatment. However, many patients cannot undergo surgical intervention because of neurological status, healing of the primary surgical wound, or the presence of concurrent infection, which may prevent cranioplasty.

OBJECTIVE:
To offer a customized external cranioplasty option for managing skull deformities for patients who could not undergo surgical intervention for definitive cranioplasty.

METHODS:
We describe the design and clinical application of an external cranioplasty for a patient with a medical history of intractable epilepsy, for which she underwent multiple right cerebral resections with a large resultant skull defect and SoT.

RESULTS:
The patient had resolution of symptoms and restoration of a symmetrical skull contour with no complication at 17 months.

CONCLUSION:
Customized external cranioplasty can improve symptoms associated with SoT for patients who cannot undergo a definitive cranioplasty. In addition, inset monitoring options, such as electroencephalography or telemetric intracranial pressure sensors, could be incorporated in the future for comprehensive monitoring of the patient's neurological condition.
Percutaneous Rhizotomy of the Gasserian Ganglion in Patients With Mass Lesion–Associated Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Series
Authors: Petitt Jordan C. , Murayi Roger , Potter Tamia , Ahorukomeye Peter , Jarmula Jakub , Recinos Pablo F. , Barnett Gene H. , Kshettry Varun R. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to mass lesions are typically treated by directly addressing the underlying pathology. In cases of TN not alleviated by treatment of the pathology, percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) and glycerol rhizotomy (Gly) are simple and effective ways to alleviate pain. However, there is limited literature on the use of these techniques for patients with TN caused by mass lesions.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the use of PBC/Gly to treat mass lesion–related TN.

METHODS:
We report a retrospective, single-institution, descriptive case series of patients who presented with TN secondary to tumor or mass-like inflammatory lesion from 1999 to 2021. Patients with primary, idiopathic, or multiple sclerosis–related TN were excluded. Outcomes included Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity and hypesthesia scores, pain persistence, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS:
A total of 459 procedures were identified, of which 16 patients met the inclusion criterion (14 PBC and 2 Gly). Of the 15 patients with tumors, 12 had TN pain despite prior tumor-targeted radiation. Short-term (<3 months) BNI pain intensity improvement occurred in 15 (93.8%) patients. The mean follow-up was 54.4 months. Thirteen (81.3%) patients were pain-free (Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity scale: IIIa–50%; I–25.0%; II–6.3%) for a mean of 23.8 (range 1-137) months. Ten patients (62.5%) had pain relief for ≥6 months from first procedure. New facial numbness developed immediately postprocedure in 8 (50%) patients. Transient, partial abducens nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient.

CONCLUSION:
PBC/Gly is an effective option for medically refractory TN in patients with mass-associated TN and is a viable option for repeat treatment.
Minimally Invasive Dorsal Approach for the Treatment of Giant Presacral Schwannomas
Authors: Feigl Guenther C , Britz Gavin , Staribacher Daniel , Kuzmin Dzmitry 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The treatment of giant presacral schwannomas is currently a grand challenge for neurosurgeons. Although these tumors are benign and do not infiltrate the surrounding tissues, it is difficult to choose the best surgical approach because they are surrounded by the pelvic organs and great vessels. There is no universally accepted approach to the surgical treatment because giant presacral schwannomas are rare in the population. The anterior approach through laparotomy is more often recommended in the literature. A dorsal approach that involves laminotomy and stabilization is also described in the literature. However, these approaches are rather traumatic for the patient and have both intraoperative and postoperative risks.

OBJECTIVE:
To report a minimally invasive dorsal approach for the treatment of giant presacral schwannomas.

METHODS:
We present a fundamentally new approach to the treatment of these tumors using a minimally invasive dorsal approach, based on the specific anatomy and growth of giant presacral schwannomas. This approach is using the potential of modern neurosurgery.

RESULTS:
We describe 2 cases of successful total tumor resection using this novel surgical approach. No complications have been registered after the surgery.

CONCLUSION:
A minimally invasive dorsal approach for the treatment of giant presacral schwannomas is sufficient for complete tumor removal, minimizes intraoperative and postoperative risks, is associated with good cosmetic effect, and can be successfully applied in surgical practice.
Dissecting pleiotropic functions of the wheat Green Revolution gene Rht-B1b in plant morphogenesis and yield formation
Authors: Xu Dengan , Bian Yingjie , Luo Xumei , Jia Chenfei , Hao Qianlin , Tian Xiuling , Cao Qiang , Chen Wei , Ma Wujun , Ni Zhongfu , Fu Xiangdong , He Zhonghu , Xia Xianchun , Cao Shuanghe 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The utilization of reduced plant height genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, encoding homeologous DELLA proteins, led to the wheat Green Revolution (GR). However, the specific functions of GR genes in yield determination and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remained unknown. Here, we validated that Rht-B1b, as a representative of GR genes, affects plant architecture and yield component traits. Upregulation of Rht-B1b reduced plant height, leaf size and grain weight, but increased tiller number, tiller angle, spike number per unit area, and grain number per spike. Dynamic investigations showed that Rht-B1b increased spike number by improving tillering initiation rather than outgrowth, and enhanced grain number by promoting floret fertility. Rht-B1b reduced plant height by reducing cell size in the internodes, and reduced grain size or weight by decreasing cell number in the pericarp. Transcriptome analyses uncovered that Rht-B1b regulates many homologs of previously reported key genes for given traits and several putative integrators for different traits. These findings specify the pleiotropic functions of Rht-B1b in improving yield and provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant morphogenesis and yield formation.
Activity-dependent post-translational regulation of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes in the hippocampus
Authors: Abazari Danya , Wild Angela R. , Qiu Tian , Dickinson Bryan C. , Bamji Shernaz X. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Activity-induced changes in protein palmitoylation can regulate the plasticity of synaptic connections, critically impacting learning and memory. Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification regulated by both palmitoyl-acyl transferases that mediate palmitoylation and palmitoyl thioesterases that depalmitoylate proteins. However, it is not clear how fluctuations in synaptic activity can mediate the dynamic palmitoylation of neuronal proteins. Using primary hippocampal cultures, we demonstrate that synaptic activity does not impact the transcription of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes, changes in thioesterase activity, or post-translational modification of the depalmitoylating enzymes of the ABHD17 family and APT2 (also known as LYPLA2). In contrast, synaptic activity does mediate post-translational modification of the palmitoylating enzymes ZDHHC2, ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC9 (but not ZDHHC8) to influence protein–protein interactions, enzyme stability and enzyme function. Post-translational modifications of the ZDHHC enzymes were also observed in the hippocampus following fear conditioning. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that signaling events activated by synaptic activity largely impact activity of the ZDHHC family of palmitoyl-acyl transferases with less influence on the activity of palmitoyl thioesterases.
Developmental environment has lasting effects on amphibian post-metamorphic behavior and thermal physiology
Authors: Ohmer Michel E. B. , Hammond Talisin T. , Switzer Samantha , Wantman Trina , Bednark Jeffery G. , Paciotta Emilie , Coscia Jordan , Richards-Zawacki Corinne L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Environmental challenges early in development can result in complex phenotypic trade-offs and long-term effects on individual physiology, performance and behavior, with implications for disease and predation risk. We examined the effects of simulated pond drying and elevated water temperatures on development, growth, thermal physiology and behavior in a North American amphibian, Rana sphenocephala. Tadpoles were raised in outdoor mesocosms under warming and drying regimes based on projected climatic conditions in 2070. We predicted that amphibians experiencing the rapid pond drying and elevated pond temperatures associated with climate change would accelerate development, be smaller at metamorphosis and demonstrate long-term differences in physiology and exploratory behavior post-metamorphosis. Although both drying and warming accelerated development and reduced survival to metamorphosis, only drying resulted in smaller animals at metamorphosis. Around 1 month post-metamorphosis, animals from the control treatment jumped relatively farther at high temperatures in jumping trials. In addition, across all treatments, frogs with shorter larval periods had lower critical thermal minima and maxima. We also found that developing under warming and drying resulted in a less exploratory behavioral phenotype, and that drying resulted in higher selected temperatures in a thermal gradient. Furthermore, behavior predicted thermal preference, with less exploratory animals selecting higher temperatures. Our results underscore the multi-faceted effects of early developmental environments on behavioral and physiological phenotypes later in life. Thermal preference can influence disease risk through behavioral thermoregulation, and exploratory behavior may increase risk of predation or pathogen encounter. Thus, climatic stressors during development may mediate amphibian exposure and susceptibility to predators and pathogens into later life stages.
früh- und hochmittelalterliche Friedhof, die Skelette
Authors: Mundschin Marcel , Böni Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Ungefähr vom 7. bis ins 10. Jh. n. Chr. besteht auf dem östlichen Teil des Grabungsareals ein Friedhof. In den Grabungen 1991 und 1992 wurden 32 Einzelbestattungen und 4 Doppelgräber festgestellt, zusätzlich kam ein separat bestatteter amputierter Fuss zum Vorschein.
mittelalterlichen Funde
Authors: Matteotti René 
Published: April 2023

Die Anzahl der mittelalterlichen Funde in den während des Mittelalters entstandenen Horizonten ist äusserst gering. Sie variiert zwischen 0 und 15 Fragmenten, und entspricht bei den Horizonten mit einer Fundzahl von n > 100 einem Anteil von Null bzw. 2 n%. Drei Horizonte resp. Strukturen (Horizont M 1.2 und M 2a.2 sowie Eingriff 4, 1992, der von Horizont M 1.1 aus eingetieft wurde), die aufgrund der Schichtenabfolge mittelalterlicher Zeitstellung sind, entbehren gar mittelalterlicher Keramik und enthalten ausschliesslich umgelagertes römisches oder spâtlatènezeitliches Altmaterial! Diese Gründe veranlassten uns, auf eine detaillierte statistische Auswertung der mittelalterlichen Funde zu verzichten.
Münzfunde vom Friedhof der ersten Basler Judengemeinde
Authors: Schärli Beatrice , Matzke Michael 
Published: April 2023

Seit ihrer Entdeckung im Jahre 1937 werden zwei Münzkomplexe aus dem mittelalterlichen Judenfriedhof Basels immer wieder erwähnt und zitiert. Es handelt sich um zwei gänzlich unterschiedliche Gruppen von Münzen, zum einen um 145 Pfennige der Münzstätten Basel, Zofingen, Laufenburg, Zürich und (Schwäbisch) Hall, und zum anderen um 55 französische und einen holländischen Turnosgroschen.
Beide Fundkomplexe, der Turnosen- wie der Pfennigfund, zeigen ein auffallend homogenes Bild: Die französischen Turnosen wurden in den Jahren um 1266 bis 1305, mehrheitlich unter Philipp IV. (1285-1314), geprägt. Die Pfennige aus Zofingen, Basel, Hall, Laufenburg und Zürich stammen, abgesehen von drei Hellern der ersten Jahrhunderthälfte, alle aus dem letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts und reichen wahrscheinlich bis in die ersten Jahre des 14. Jahrhunderts.
anthropologische Auswertung der Skelettreste aus der Grabung bei der Dorfkirche 1978
Authors: Mundschin Marcel 
Published: April 2023

Beim vorliegenden Skelettmaterial aus der Grabungskampagne von 1978 handelt es sich um insgesamt 57 Individuen. Sie stammen grösstenteils aus dem Bereich zwischen der Umfassungs- und der Speichermauer der Riehener Dorfkirche.
Durch die Unterteilung des Materials in vier nicht zeitgleiche Gruppen und die dadurch noch geringeren Individuenzahlen derselben fehlte die für die statistische Auswertungen notwendige Basis.
Oxygen as obturation biomaterial in endodontic treatment: development of novel membranous dental restoration system
Authors: Wahyudi Didi , Kusumasari Citra 
Published: April 2023

Complexities in obturation and difficulties in disinfection are the major problems that make endodontic treatment very time-consuming. A new perspective is needed to reduce the working time as well as to answer these two problems. Until now, none of the established obturation techniques for root canal filling can guarantee a perfect seal. Solid substances cannot be manipulated easily to fill the tiny branches of the root canal system hermetically. At the same time, anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, especially Enterococcus faecalis, are very dominant in endodontic infections discussion. As shown in many studies, it is extremely difficult to perfectly disinfect Enterococcus faecalis even by using some irrigating solutions with strong antibacterial properties. Under anaerobic conditions, the invasion efficiency of facultative anaerobes is increased. In case irrigation and disinfection cannot totally eliminate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, a new strategy is also needed to deal with the bacteria that still survive in the root canal. Oxygen can fill the root canal system with ease, eliminate anaerobes, and prevent facultative anaerobes from being pathogenic. Therefore, using oxygen as obturation biomaterial after proper cleaning and shaping procedures is expected to solve the two major endodontic problems. The aim of this article was to discuss a new possible concept of dental restoration system that uses an oxygen-permeable membrane to decrease the time required in endodontic treatment. The membrane is placed at the orifice of a duct created to connect the entire root canal system with free air outside the restoration. The function of the membrane is more or less similar to the mask used during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it enables the oxygen to circulate while preventing any fluid, debris, and microorganisms from passing. We hypothesize that the oxygen circulating in the root canal system will also act as an antimicrobial agent that is constantly renewed.
Multiparametric psychological diagnostics of propensity to gaslighting in interpersonal relationships
Authors: Petrov Vladislav 
Published: April 2023

The article focuses on the study of the main psychometric characteristics of the author's questionnaire for assessing the propensity to gaslighting in interpersonal relationships. A multiparametric approach to the psychodiagnostics of the phenomenology of gaslighting is defined as the subject of scientific research, the goals are to develop a diagnostically significant model for assessing the propensity to gaslighting in interpersonal relationships, implementing it in the questionnaire of the same name with its subsequent approbation. The research methodology was based on axiological, humanistic, activity and polysubject approaches in psychology, relationship theory and deviantology. Semantic content analysis, expert survey, psychological testing, self-assessment were used at different stages of scientific research. The total volume of the empirical sample was 165 people (including 17 experts and 148 subjects). Mathematical and statistical data processing involved the calculation of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, which was implemented in MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics v 27 software products.
Based on the results of theoretical and analytical research, a six-parametric gaslighting model was developed, which was the basis for the corresponding questionnaire. The measuring framework of the methodology and the degree of severity of gaslighting is formed by six private scales: 1) «behavioral intolerance»; 2) «expressive dominance»; 3) «projection of personal problems»; 4) «intrigue» (manipulation); 5) «verbal-behavioral discongruence»; 6) «devaluation of the other», from which an integral indicator is formed. During the psychometric study of the questionnaire, its high criterion validity was confirmed – statistically significant correlations with self-assessments of the same name were established (Rs = 0.42-0.63 at p=0.01). It is assumed that the technique has a good diagnostic potential, and can be used to study the phenomenology of gaslighting. Innovative are: the stimulus material of the questionnaire, the description of diagnostic scales, psychometric parameters of the methodology. The material makes it possible to provide psychodiagnostics with innovative diagnostic tools that provide solutions to a wide range of tasks in the field of not only psychodiagnostics, but prevention, assistance and correction