bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of social protection interventions on treatment and socioeconomic outcomes of people with tuberculosis and their households: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hudson Mollie , Todd Heather , Nalugwa Talemwa , Boccia Delia , Wingfield Tom , Shete Priya B. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide. People with TB and their households often suffer social and economic losses due to the cost of tuberculosis care. The World Health Organization 2015 End TB strategy called for socioeconomic support through social protection interventions. Social protection has the potential to enable people with TB and their households to break the cycle of TB and poverty, thereby improving both treatment and socioeconomic outcomes. This study aims to evaluate whether people with TB who are recipients of social protection interventions have better treatment and socioeconomic outcomes than those who are not recipients of social protection interventions. Methods: We will systematically review literature published in English between 2012 and 2021 from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, and grey literature from Google Scholar and selected, relevant databases. We will include studies that describe a social protection intervention (as defined by the World Bank) and report on TB treatment outcomes and/or socioeconomic outcomes. We will only include studies pertaining to populations in low-and-middle-income countries and/or countries with high TB burden. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for non-randomised controlled studies. If sufficient quantitative data are available, we will perform a meta-analysis of aggregated outcomes. Lastly, we will use the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to describe the overall quality of evidence. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review, as all data extraction and analysis will be conducted on published documents. We will disseminate this protocol through conference presentations. The systematic review has been registered prospectively in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42022382181).
An evaluation of the interproximal contacts of the permanent dentition - A study cast based classification
Authors: Kailasam Vignesh , Muthu MS , Rao Usha , C Krithika , Kirthiga M , Aarthi J , Warrier Sankara Aravind 
Published: April 2023

Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorizing the interproximal contacts of primary molars, modified for the primary canines and its prevalence was established. No such information is available for the permanent dentition. Hence, the aim was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of the permanent dentition and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars and primary canines to the permanent dentition. Methods: We propose a study-cast-based classification of interproximal contacts of the permanent dentition. Three hundred and forty-three pretreatment casts of patients based on an inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Contacts of posterior teeth were classified based on OXIS classification of interproximal contacts, and its modification was used for anterior teeth. Results: Among the posterior contacts, the ‘O’ type of contact was least prevalent, while most prevalent was the ‘S’ type for second molar-first molar contact, ‘I’ type for the first molar-second premolar contact, and ‘X’ type for the second premolar-first premolar contact. Among the anterior contacts, least prevalent was ‘S1’ type for the first premolar-canine contact, and I type for the canine-lateral incisor and the lateral incisor-central incisor contacts. There was no statistical significance between right- and left-side contacts (P > 0.05) while significance was seen between maxillary and mandibular contacts (P < 0.05). Similarity of contacts ranged from 5.17% to 10.05%. Conclusion: The OXIS classification is applicable to posterior permanent teeth, and its modification is representative of anterior permanent teeth.
Barriers and enablers to local active travel during COVID-19: A case study of Streetspace interventions in two London boroughs
Authors: Lunetto Maria , Castro Oscar , Gericke Chiara , Hale Joanna 
Published: April 2023

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, UK local authorities increased emergency active travel interventions. This study aimed to understand what aspects of temporary Streetspace for London schemes represent barriers or enablers to walking and cycling for short local journeys. Methods: Focusing on two Inner London boroughs, we conducted 21 semi-structured stakeholder interviews and sampled 885 public comments about Streetspace schemes. We triangulated the data in a thematic analysis to identify barriers and enablers, which were categorised using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model. Results: Opportunity and motivation factors were reflected in the barriers (accessibility and integration of the schemes; controversy, dissatisfaction, and doubt) and enablers (new routes and spaces; sustainability and health beliefs) and mixed themes (changes to traffic and appeal of the area; feelings of safety). Capability was not reflected in the main themes. Conclusions: Although aspects of Streetspace schemes were seen to enable active travel, our findings suggest that additional processes to address the acceptability, fairness, and unintended consequences of emergency interventions will be important to their long-term success for health and sustainability.
Uniform Mixed Equilibria in Network Congestion Games with Link Failures
Authors: Bilò Vittorio , Moscardelli Luca , Vinci Cosimo 
Published: April 2023

Motivated by possible applications in fault-tolerant selfish routing, we introduce the notion of uniform mixed equilibrium in network congestion games with adversarial link failures, where agents need to route traffic from a source to a destination node. Given an integer [Formula: see text], a ρ-uniform mixed strategy is a mixed strategy in which an agent plays exactly ρ edge-disjoint paths with uniform probability; therefore, a ρ-uniform mixed equilibrium is a tuple of ρ-uniform mixed strategies, one for each agent, in which no agent can lower her cost by deviating to another ρ-uniform mixed strategy. For games with weighted agents and affine latency functions, we show the existence of ρ-uniform mixed equilibria and provide a tight characterization of their price of anarchy. For games with unweighted agents, we extend the existential guarantee to any class of latency functions, and restricted to games with affine latencies, we derive a tight characterization of the price of anarchy and the price of stability. Funding: This work was partially supported by the INdAM-GNCS and the Italian MIUR PRIN 2017 Project ALGADIMAR “Algorithms, Games, and Digital Markets.”
Complications after autotransplantation of a maxillary canine: a case report and literature review
Authors: Fernando Sancia , Ravindra Vinya , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: April 2023

Autotransplantation is the positioning of a tooth in the same individual, from a donor site to an extraction site or a surgically prepared socket. A case report involving a previously transplanted maxillary canine, which later presented with complications, is discussed. We explore the indications, surgical planning and technique, associated risk factors and long-term outcomes for the transplantation of canines. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the indications and surgical requirements for canine transplantation should optimise case selection and complication management.
Numerical investigation of a Ge1-xSnx-on-AlN waveguide and its sensing mechanism for the detection of trace gases in the mid-infrared regime
Authors: Kumar Harshvardhan , Pandey Ankit Kumar 
Published: April 2023

This work reports the integration of a Ge1−xSn
x
-on-AlN optical waveguide (WG) on SiO2 substrate to facilitate mid-infrared (MIR) trace gas detection. Here, the proposed structure makes use of Ge1−xSn
x
in the core of the WG and the AlN cladding; this enables the effective guidance and confinement of a broad spectrum of MIR light waves within the GeSn WG. The gas detection mechanism of the device is based on the evanescent wave field component of a guided mode to examine particular molecular absorption/trace gas characteristics of the upper cladding environment. The designed WGs exhibit high power confinement (∼90%) and low propagation loss of 0.61–1.18 dB/cm at λ=4.3−4.74µm with x=6% in the Ge1−xSn
x
core. We also discuss the capability of the proposed WG to detect trace gases such as CO, CO2, and N2O. The results show that the minimum detectable concentrations (Cmin) of these gases are ∼0.42, 0.12, and 0.16 ppm, respectively, for x=6%. These encouraging results enable a new sensor platform for GeSn-based MIR trace/atmospheric gas detection.
Health services costs for ovarian cancer in Australia: Estimates from the 45 and Up Study
Authors: Goldsbury David E. , Vassallo Amy , Weber Marianne F. , Steinberg Julia , Webb Penelope M. , DeFazio Anna , Canfell Karen 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
There have been significant advancements in risk identification and treatment for ovarian cancer over the last decade. However, their impact on health services costs is unclear. This study estimated the direct health system costs (government perspective) for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in Australia during 2006–2013, as a benchmark prior to opportunities for precision-medicine approaches to treatment, and for health care planning.

Methods
Using cancer registry data, we identified 176 incident ovarian cancers (including fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer) in the Australian 45 and Up Study cohort. Each case was matched with four cancer-free controls on sex, age, geography, and smoking history. Costs were derived from linked health records on hospitalisations, subsidised prescription medicines and medical services to 2016. Excess costs for cancer cases were estimated for different phases of care relative to cancer diagnosis. Overall costs for prevalent ovarian cancers in Australia in 2013 were estimated based on 5-year prevalence statistics.

Results
At diagnosis, 10% of women had localised disease, 15% regional spread and 70% distant metastasis (5% unknown). The mean excess cost per ovarian cancer case was $40,556 in the initial treatment phase (≤12 months post-diagnosis), $9,514 per annum in the continuing care phase and $49,208 in the terminal phase (up to 12 months before death). Hospital admissions accounted for the greatest proportion of costs during all phases (66%, 52% and 68% respectively). Excess costs were higher for patients diagnosed with distant metastatic disease, particularly during the continuing care phase ($13,814 versus $4,884 for localised/regional disease). The estimated overall direct health services cost of ovarian cancer in 2013 was AUD$99million (4,700 women nationally).

Conclusion
The excess health system costs of ovarian cancer are substantial. Continued investment in ovarian cancer research, particularly prevention, early detection and more effective personalised treatments is necessary to reduce the burden of disease.
Primary care providers’ perceived barriers to obesity treatment and opportunities for improvement: A mixed methods study
Authors: Oshman Lauren , Othman Amal , Furst Wendy , Heisler Michele , Kraftson Andrew , Zouani Yousra , Hershey Cheryl , Cho Tsai-Chin , Guetterman Timothy , Piatt Gretchen , Griauzde Dina H. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Primary care patients with obesity seldom receive effective weight management treatment in primary care settings. This study aims to understand PCPs’ perspectives on obesity treatment barriers and opportunities to overcome them.

Study design
This is an explanatory sequential mixed methods study in which survey data was collected and used to inform subsequent qualitative interviews.

Settings and participants
PCPs who provide care to adult patients in an academic medical center in the Midwestern US.

Methodology
PCPs (n = 350) were invited by email to participate in an online survey. PCPs were subsequently invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to further explore survey domains.

Analytic approach
Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results
Among 107 survey respondents, less than 10% (n = 8) used evidence-based guidelines to inform obesity treatment decisions. PCPs’ identified opportunities to improve obesity treatment including (1) education on local obesity treatment resources (n = 78, 73%), evidence-based dietary counseling strategies (n = 67, 63%), and effective self-help resources (n = 75, 70%) and (2) enhanced team-based care with support from clinic staff (n = 53, 46%), peers trained in obesity medicine (n = 47, 44%), and dietitians (n = 58, 54%). PCPs also desired increased reimbursement for obesity treatment. While 40% (n = 39) of survey respondents expressed interest in obesity medicine training and certification through the American Board of Obesity Medicine, qualitative interviewees felt that pursuing training would require dedicated time (i.e., reduced clinical effort) and financial support.

Conclusions
Opportunities to improve obesity treatment in primary care settings include educational initiatives, use of team-based care models, and policy changes to incentivize obesity treatment. Primary care clinics or health systems should be encouraged to identify PCPs with specific interests in obesity medicine and support their training and certification through ABOM by reimbursing training costs and reducing clinical effort to allow for study and board examination.
Epidemiology and patients’ self-reported knowledge of implantable medical devices: Results of a cross-sectional survey in Hungary
Authors: Hölgyesi Áron , Tóth Barbara , Kozlovszky Miklós , Kuti József , Weszl Miklós , Balázs György , Baji Petra , Kovács Levente , Gulácsi László , Zrubka Zsombor , Péntek Márta 
Published: April 2023

Background
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are medical instruments embedded inside the body. Well-informed and empowered patients living with IMDs are key players of improving IMD-related patient safety and health outcomes. However, little is known about IMD patients’ epidemiology, characteristics, and current awareness levels. Our primary aim was to investigate the point and lifetime prevalence of patients living with IMDs. Patients’ IMD-related knowledge and determinants of IMDs’ impact on their life were also explored.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Respondents’ IMD history, whether they received instructions for use and IMD’s overall impact on life were recorded by self-reports. Patients’ knowledge about living with IMDs was assessed on visual analogue scales (VAS, 0–10). Shared decision-making was analyzed by the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Descriptive statistics and subgroup comparisons between IMD wearers were performed for statistical differences. Significant determinants of IMD’s overall impact on life were examined in linear regression analysis.

Results
In the total sample (N = 1400, mean age 58.1 ±11.1; female 53.7%), nearly one third of respondents were living with IMD (30.9%; 433/1400). Among them, the most frequent IMDs were tooth implants (30.9%) and intraocular lens (26.8%). Mean knowledge VAS scores were similar (range: 5.5 ±3.8–6.5 ±3.2) but differences by IMD types were observed. Patients who received instructions for use or reported better impact on life indicated higher self-reported knowledge. Regression confirmed that patients’ knowledge was significant predictor of IMD’s impact on life, but this effect was overwritten by the SDM-Q-9.

Conclusions
This first comprehensive epidemiological study on IMDs provides basic data for public health strategy planning alongside the implementation of MDR. Improved self-perceived outcomes were associated with higher knowledge hence education of patients receiving IMD deserves consideration. We suggest to investigate further the role of shared decision-making on IMD’s overall impact on patients’ life in future prospective studies.
The Professional and Academic Literature Review: A Framework for Retention Strategies Adopted by Bank Managers
Authors: El Alam Younes , Belkasseh Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Banks’ implementation of managerial strategies motivating teams and addressing employees' needs tends to lower their organization turnover. Certain bank human resource managers are challenged with finding processes for the purpose of lowering the turnover rate. The academic study of employee retention has identified some constant elements that retain workers with the same organization throughout time. The purpose of this study is to inquire into the methods utilized by banking executives to keep their best workers on board. In this paper, the author will discuss, through the existing academic literature, the framework for the topic of employee turnover by conducting a comprehensive review. The key words we searched for in the literature include job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction, motivation theories, extrinsic and intrinsic factors, skilled human resource management, the difficulties of retaining key employees, effective methods for doing so, employee attrition, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Four major themes were discussed in the literature review, supported by the motivation (intrinsic factors)-hygiene (extrinsic factors) theory, comprising: conceptual frameworks, what drives people to work, what keeps them there, and how to reduce staff turnover.
Challenges Faced in The Application of Reflective Practice on The Public Health Teaching and Learning Process by The Lecturers in Selected Universities in Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia
Authors: Namonje Elizabeth , Halwiindi Hikabasa , Zyambo Cosmas , Simui Francis , Muleya Gistered 
Published: April 2023

This study explored challenges faced in the application of reflective practice on the public health teaching and learning process by the lecturers in selected universities in Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia. The study rids on a case study design to generate evidence on challenges faced. Data was collected from a total sample of 32 participants. The study found that too much workload by lecturers, large number of students in class, limited time with a semester system, limited resources for teaching staff and students, shortage of teaching staff and lack of teaching qualifications and experience amongst teaching staff were among challenges that affected lecturers’ ability to reflect on their teaching . Equally, it was found that lecturers refusing to be evaluated, cultural lag among older lecturers and differences in backgrounds among teaching staffs had a negative implication on lecturers’ ability to reflect on their teaching. The study concluded that despite reflective teaching practice being an important strategy for promoting quality teaching and learning, higher learning institutions have not paid much attention on impediments to reflective teaching. Therefore, the study recommends that Education standards officers should continue to maintain standards in Universities and Colleges to control over enrolments and overcrowding in classes so that the lecturers can teach efficiently and effectively so that students can benefit fully from the lecturers.
Connecting Chemical Worlds
Authors: Rutjes Floris 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It will still take a few more months before I can officially welcome you to IUPAC|CHAINS 2023, but since the preparations are already in full swing, it feels like we are getting close to the event. Behind the scenes we work hard to receive you all in the World Forum in The Hague from 20-25 August this year. We feel honoured that the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society (KNCV) was given the opportunity to host this year’s IUPAC World Chemistry Congress. To create a better national exposure, we joined forces with the Dutch Research Council (NWO), host of the annual CHAINS chemistry congress in the Netherlands, to ensure that we can turn this event into a great success!
Anxiolytic effects of vestibular stimulation: an update
Authors: Kumar Goothy Sai Sailesh , McKeown Jason 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The vestibular system inhibits both HPA and SAM axis and contributes to the management of anxiety. Both direct and indirect pathways exist in the inhibition of the HPA and SAM axis. In this review article, the authors describe various pathways through which the vestibular system can regulate the HPA and SAM axis activity. Lastly, the authors highlight the need of starting translational research work in this field. Rocking is soothing and this is a universal fact that babies in the swing will calm down and sleep. These soothing effects of vestibular stimulation may be due to the inhibition of cortical and subcortical structures. Vestibular stimulation may be able to manage anxiety through its connections with multiple brain areas. There is a need to undertake translational research in this area to establish strong scientific evidence and recommend implementation of the vestibular stimulation in the management of anxiety.
The Holotic Structure of the Ideas of Unity, Identity and Finality
Authors: Alvargonzález David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I touch on the holotic structure of the ideas of unity, identity and finality, using the word “holotic” to refer to a theory that includes both partonomic (or mereological) wholes and taxonomic (or diairological) wholes. In the second section, I expound on two classifications of wholes and two classifications of the types of parts I deem relevant to the ideas of unity, identity and finality. In the third and fourth sections, I discuss how these three ideas acquire different significance depending on the type of totalities and parts involved.
White light emission from an upconverted emission based on triplet-triplet annihilation with rose bengal as the sensitizer
Authors: Chen Hung-Cheng , Hung Chen-Yen , Lin Chih-Wei , Wang Kuan-Hsiang , Lee Mandy M. , Chen Peilin , Chow Tashin J. , Hsu Chao-Ping , Sun Shih-Sheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we report an energy upconversion system based on triplet-triplet annihilation comprised of rose bengal dye as the sensitizer and a highly fluorescent 9-(triphenyl)ethynyl-10-phenylanthracene (TPE-PAn) as the triplet annihilator. The energy upconversion can be observed with a low-power laser excitation at 532 nm or noncoherent Xe arc lamp excitaion at 540 nm. A delayed fluorescence from (TPE-PAn) at 418 nm was observed with an energy upconversion up to 0.64 eV and quantum yield of 0.8 %. A white-light emission was achieved as a result of combination of delayed fluorescence from TPE-PAn and residual fluorescence from rose bengal dye.
Lead-containing slags: recycling methods and environmental impact
Authors: Bagova Zarina , Turebekova Gaukhar , Shaimerdenova Guldana , Sarkulakova Raikhan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article is a review of literature and patent research on the processing of lead-containing slags and their impact on life. This problem is characteristic of many countries in which industrial metallurgy is directly or indirectly present. The results of the data search allows to systematize the information available today and will undoubtedly be useful for those who deal with the problems of processing lead-containing slags. In addition, data on the influence of lead and lead-containing compounds on human life and its environment are presented.