bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Repositioning Maneuver Applied with the TRV Chair on Residual Dizziness after Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Soylemez Emre , Bolat Kubra Binay , Karakoc Kursad , Can Mehmet , Basak Hazan , Aydogan Zehra , Tokgoz-Yilmaz Suna 
Published: August 2023

Objective
This study aims to investigate the effect of TRV chair on residual dizziness (RD) after idiopathic posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) successfully treated with canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM).

Study Design
Prospective case–control study.

Setting
Hospital.

Patients
Thirty-three patients with posterior canal BPPV were included in the study. These patients were divided into two identical groups. CRM was applied to the first group with a TRV chair (TRV group) and manually to the second group (manual group).

Interventions
Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and video head impulse test were applied to the patients. Patients in both groups were asked to report the RD developed after successful CRM daily by visual analog scale (VAS).

Results
The TRV group’s first-day RD rate was 94.1% with VAS, and the RD duration was 2.47 ± 1.77	(0–7) days. The manual group’s first-day RD rate was 100%, and the RD duration was 3.38 ± 1.70 (1–7) days. There was no difference between the groups in terms of RD duration (p > 0.05). Mean RD severity and severity in the first 3 days were lower in the TRV group compared with the manual group (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups on other days (p > 0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between RD and DHI and BPPV duration (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
RD is a multifactorial symptom associated with how the repositioning maneuver is performed, BPPV duration, and DHI. Performing the repositioning maneuver with the TRV chair can reduce the severity of RD.
Postmortem Computed Tomography Is a Reliable, Reproducible, and Accurate Method in Measuring Body Length
Authors: Martin Jeremy , Gadsby Zeena , Jeremic Philip , Thompson Melissa , Tse Rexson 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Currently, traditional body length measurement at postmortem analysis involves processes, which are susceptible to human error and not reviewable or reproducible in case of data loss. Many facilities are now adopting routine postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) scanning, which provides a permanent and reviewable radiological record of body dimensions. Previous literature has validated the use of PMCT in estimating body and organ weights, but not in body length measurement. This retrospective study aimed to determine whether body length can be accurately and reliably measured when compared with traditional measurements in 50 consecutive adult cases. Our findings revealed that body length measured using PMCT had high intrarater and interrater reliability across different experience levels in raters (Pearson correlation coefficient and interclass correlation: >0.99, P < 0.01). Although body lengths measured using PMCT were significantly shorter (mean, −1.2 cm; 95% confidence interval, −1.75 to −0.65 cm; P < 0.05), it was deemed clinically insignificant and correlated well with those measured at postmortem examination (Pearson correlation coefficient and interclass correlation, >0.97; P < 0.01). While care will need to be taken to ensure the body in the body bag is in reasonable anatomical position for scanning purposes, overall, body length measured uniform PMCT is reliable, reproducible, and accurate.
Growth Outcomes Audit for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) After 2-stage Palate Repair
Authors: Kurimori Érika Tiemi , Garib Daniela , Graziadei Silvia Maria , Sathler Renata , Dalben Gisele da Silva , Lauris Rita de Cassia Moura Carvalho , Souza-Brosco Telma Vidoto , Nobrega Eudes Soares de Sá , Alonso Nivaldo , Tonello Cristiano , Ozawa Terumi Okada 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To assess the impact of 1 and 2-stage palatoplasty protocol on the dental arch relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in a single center.

Methods:
Our study consisted of 349 individuals divided into 2 groups according to the palatoplasty protocol. Two-stage group comprised 169 subjects with UCLP (mean age: 6.9 y, 110 male and 59 female) who underwent lip, nasal ala, and anterior palate repair with vomer flap from 3 to 6 months (first surgery stage). Soft palate repair occurred from 12 to 18 months (second surgery stage). The one-stage group comprised 180 subjects with UCLP (mean age: 7.2 y, 108 male and 72 female) who underwent 1-stage palatoplasty. Dental models were evaluated by 3 experienced orthodontists applying Goslon Yardstick and the 5-year-old index (FYOI). The influence of the palatoplasty technique and surgeon factor on the interarch relationship was evaluated. The weighted Kappa was used to assess intraexaminer and interexaminer agreements for comparisons of dental arch relationships. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using the χ2 test (P<0.05).

Results:
The intraexaminer reliability was very good (0.81 to 0.98) and interexaminer reliability varied from satisfactory to very good (0.56 to 0.83). The mean occlusal index of the 2-stage and 1-stage groups was 2.77 and 3.03, respectively. The variability of the mean index between surgeons varied from 2.38 to 3.2 in the 2-stage group and 2.91 to 3.2 in the 1-stage group.There were significant differences in the frequency of Goslon 5 index (P=0.002) between groups, with the 2-stage group presenting less cases (1.18%) than the group 1-stage (11.11%).

Conclusion:
The interarch relationship was similar for both palate repair protocols. Two-stage palatoplasty showed a decreased prevalence of Goslon index 5.
The Relationship Between Small Peritoneal Flap Defects and Postoperative Seroma in TAPP Repair of Inguinal Hernias
Authors: Zarbaliyev Elbrus , Turhan Nihan , Dündar Faruk , Sevmiş Murat , Çelik Sebahattain , Çağlikülekçi Mehmet 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Total abdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) is one of the most frequently used surgical treatment methods in the treatment of inguinal hernia (IH). One of the most common early postoperative complications after hernia repair is seroma/hematoma. In this study, we aimed to study the role of unclosed peritoneal flap defects on the development of postoperative seroma.

Material and Methods:
The study was performed retrospectively in 2 university hospitals. All patients over the age of 18 years who underwent laparoscopic TAPP surgery in Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital General Surgery Clinic and Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine General Surgery Clinic between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, were included. Patients were divided into those with peritoneal defects (group 1) and those without (group 2). Whether there was a peritoneal defect or not was compiled from video recordings. In addition, risk factors affecting the development of seroma were determined.

Results:
A total of 250 patients, 16 (6.4%) women and 234 (93.6%) men, were included in the study. There were bilateral hernias in 35 (14%) patients, and a total of 320 hernias were analyzed in the study. It was determined that an American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) III score increased the risk of seroma 15.97 fold (P<0.001, 95% CI, 4.94 to 51.56), direct hernia type increased risk 7.1 fold (P<0.03, 95% CI, 1.204 to 42.422), hernia descending into scrotum increased risk 22.48 fold (P<0.001, 95% CI, 6.66 to 75.84) and closure of the peritoneal flap completely without leaving any defect increased the risk of seroma 8.67 fold (P<0.001, 95% CI, 3.254 to 23.115).

Conclusions:
The presence or leaving of small-diameter defects on the peritoneal flap may reduce seroma development without increasing the risk of complications. Prospective randomized studies are required to reach definitive conclusions.
Minimal impact on the resistome of children in Botswana after azithromycin treatment for acute severe diarrhoeal disease
Authors: Guitor Allison K. , Katyukhina Anna , Mokomane Margaret , Lechiile Kwana , Goldfarb David M. , Wright Gerard D. , McArthur Andrew G , Pernica Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMass distribution of azithromycin has been recommended to reduce under-five mortality rates in certain countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, antibiotic treatment of children with bacterial gastroenteritis holds promise for the prevention of mortality and the optimization of linear growth. However, mass administration and imprudent prescription of antibiotics can select for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut microbiota of children. The long-term implications of this selection are unknown and worrisome.Our previous randomized controlled trial of children hospitalized with severe acute diarrhoeal disease in Botswana evaluated the efficacy of a test-and-treat strategy. Participants randomized to the intervention group who were found to have enterotoxigenic or enteropathogenicE. coli, Shigella,orCampylobacterdetectable by a rapid qualitative multiplex PCR assay at admission were treated with azithromycin and those randomized to the control group received supportive treatment (usual care). Stool samples were collected at baseline and at 60 days. In this current study, DNA from 136 stool samples was enriched and sequenced to detect changes in the resistome, otherwise known as the collection of antibiotic resistance genes.At baseline, the gut microbiota of these children contained a diverse complement of azithromycin resistance genes that increased in prevalence in both treatment groups by 60 days. Certain 23S rRNA methyltransferases were associated with other resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, highlighting the potential for the transfer of macrolide resistance in the gut microbiome. There were other minor changes in non-azithromycin resistance genes; however, the trends were not specific to the antibiotic-treated children. In conclusion, a three-day azithromycin treatment for diarrhoea for young children in Botswana did not increase the prevalence of azithromycin-specific antibiotic resistance genes at 60 days. The gut microbiota of these children appeared primed for macrolide resistance, and repeated exposures may further select resistant bacteria.
Shared genetic etiology between chronic diseases and heart failure risk: the dual role of leukocyte telomere length
Authors: Wong Jason Y.Y. , Blechter Batel , Liu Zhonghua , Shi Jianxin , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionGenetic susceptibility to various chronic diseases has been shown to influence heart failure (HF) risk. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations, particularly the role of phenotypic leukocyte telomere length (LTL), is unknown. We investigated the shared genetic etiology between chronic diseases, various traits, and HF risk, and whether LTL mediates or modifies these relationships.MethodsWe conducted prospective cohort analyses on 404,883 European participants from the UK Biobank, including 9,989 incident HF cases. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate associations between HF risk and 24 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for various diseases or traits previously generated in the UK Biobank using a Bayesian approach. We assessed multiplicative interactions between the PRSs and LTL previously measured in the UK Biobank using quantitative PCR. Mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the proportion of the total effect of PRSs acting indirectly through LTL, an integrative marker of biological aging.ResultsWe identified 9 PRSs associated with HF risk, including those for various cardiovascular diseases or traits, rheumatoid arthritis (P=1.3E-04), and asthma (P=1.8E-08). Additionally, longer LTL was strongly associated with decreased HF risk (P-trend=1.7E-08). Notably, the asthma PRS had a super-multiplicative interaction with LTL (P-interaction=2.8E-03). However, LTL mediated only 1.13% (P<0.001) of the total effect of the asthma PRS on HF risk.ConclusionsOur findings shed light onto the shared genetic etiology between HF risk, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and other traits. Longer LTL strengthened the genetic effect of asthma on HF, supporting their utility in risk stratification analyses.
ANTI-CITRULLINATED ALBUMIN ANTIBODIES AS BIOMARKER FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Paturi Vishnupriya R. , Uppuluri Ramakrishna R. , Gao Lina , Roberts Charles T. , Nagalla Srinivasa R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveCitrullinated human serum albumin has been previously reported in serum and synovial fluid from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and antibodies to citrullinated human serum albumin (ACA) have been identified in RA serum. We developed a point-of-care (POC) test for ACA and evaluated its sensitivity and specificity in healthy subjects and subjects with clinically diagnosed RA and other rheumatic conditions and autoimmune disease.MethodsThe POC test is a lateral-flow immunoassay using antihuman IgA/G/M and anti-human serum albumin antibodies for detection of citrullinated serum albumin-ACA complexes. This test was used to determine serum or plasma ACA levels in a South Asian study population comprised of healthy controls (n=484) and subjects with clinically diagnosed RA (n=354) or other rheumatic (n=103) and autoimmune diseases (n=60), and compared to the levels of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated cyclic peptide antibodies (ACPA).ResultsSensitivity of ACA for RA was 0.520 and specificity was 0.994. ACA prevalence in other rheumatoid disease was similar to that of ACPA and less than that of RF. ACA was detected in 12% of RA samples that were negative for ACPA. The combined sensitivity of ACA+ACPA was 0.664 and the combined specificity was 0.845.ConclusionThe ACA POC test exhibits robust sensitivity and specificity for RA diagnosis in serum or plasma and, in conjunction with ACPA, can enable rapid and efficient differential diagnosis of RA with increased sensitivity and comparable specificity.
Noninvasive molecular subtyping of pediatric low-grade glioma with self-supervised transfer learning
Authors: Tak Divyanshu , Ye Zezhong , Zapaishchykova Anna , Zha Yining , Boyd Aidan , Vajapeyam Sridhar , Chopra Rishi , Hayat Hasaan , Prabhu Sanjay , Liu Kevin X. , Elhalawani Hesham , Nabavizadeh Ali , Familiar Ariana , Resnick Adam , Mueller Sabine , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Ligon Keith , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Poussaint Tina , Kann Benjamin H. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTKey ResultsAn innovative training approach combining self-supervision and transfer learning (“TransferX”) is developed to boost model performance in a low data setting;TransferX enables the development of a scan-to-prediction pipeline for pediatric LGG mutational status (BRAF V600E, fusion, or wildtype) with ≥75% accuracy on internal and external validation;An evaluation metric, “COMDist”, is introduced to increase interpretability and quantify the accuracy of the model’s attention around the tumor.PurposeTo develop and externally validate a scan-to-prediction deep-learning pipeline for noninvasive, MRI-based BRAF mutational status classification for pLGG.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of two pLGG datasets with linked genomic and diagnostic T2-weighted MRI of patients: BCH (development dataset, n=214 [60 (28%) BRAF fusion, 50 (23%) BRAF V600E, 104 (49%) wild-type), and Child Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) (external validation, n=112 [60 (53%) BRAF-Fusion, 17 (15%) BRAF-V600E, 35 (32%) wild-type]). We developed a deep learning pipeline to classify BRAF mutational status (V600E vs. fusion vs. wild-type) via a two-stage process: 1) 3D tumor segmentation and extraction of axial tumor images, and 2) slice-wise, deep learning-based classification of mutational status. We investigated knowledge-transfer and self-supervised approaches to prevent model overfitting with a primary endpoint of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). To enhance model interpretability, we developed a novel metric, COMDist, that quantifies the accuracy of model attention around the tumor.ResultsA combination of transfer learning from a pretrained medical imaging-specific network and self-supervised label cross-training (TransferX) coupled with consensus logic yielded the highest macro-average AUC (0.82 [95% CI: 0.70-0.90]) and accuracy (77%) on internal validation, with an AUC improvement of +17.7% and a COMDist improvement of +6.4% versus training from scratch. On external validation, the TransferX model yielded AUC (0.73 [95% CI 0.68-0.88]) and accuracy (75%).ConclusionTransfer learning and self-supervised cross-training improved classification performance and generalizability for noninvasive pLGG mutational status prediction in a limited data scenario.
CD4+T cell senescence is associated with reduced reactogenicity in severe/critical COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chang Chun , Liang Zhaoyuan , Hu Tingting , Yin Zhongnan , Liang Ying , Zhang Ting , Ding Yanling , Li Xianlong , Gai Xiaoyan , Yang Xiaoxue , Li Xin , Dong Xixuan , Ren Jiaqi , Rao Yafei , Wang Jun , Yang Jianling , Xue Lixiang , Sun Yongchang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAging is a critical risk factor for unfavorable clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients and may affect vaccine efficacy. However, whether the senescence of T cells impact the progression to severe COVID-19 in the elderly individuals remains unclear.MethodsBy using flow cytometry, we analyzed the frequency of senescent T cells (Tsens) in the peripheral blood from 100 elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and compared the difference between mild/moderate and severe/critical illness. We also assessed correlations between the percentage of Tsens and the quantity and quality of spike-specific antibodies by ELISA, neutralizing antibody test kit and Elispot assay respectively, cytokine production profile of COVID-19 reactive T cells as well as plasma soluble factors by cytometric bead array (CBA).ResultsWe found a significant elevated level of CD4+Tsens in severe/critical disease compared to mild/moderate illness and patients with a higher level of CD4+Tsens (>19.78%) showed a decreased survival rate as compared to those with a lower level (<19.78%), especially in the breakthrough infection. The percentage of CD4+Tsens was negatively correlated with spike-specific antibody titers, neutralization ability and COVID-19 reactive IL-2+CD4+T cells. Additionally, IL-2 producing T cells and plasma levels of IL-2 were positively correlated with antibody levels.ConclusionOur data illustrated that the percentage of CD4+Tsens in the peripheral blood could act as an efficient biomarker for the capacity of spike-specific antibody production and the prognosis of severe COVID-19, especially in the breakthrough infection. Therefore, restoration of the immune response of CD4+Tsens is one of the key factors to prevent severe illness and improve vaccine efficacy in older adults.
Impact of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm on Diabetic Retinopathy Grading by Ophthalmology Residents
Authors: Paul Samantha K. , Kim Christian U. , Shieh David , Zhou Xiao Yi , Pan Ian , Mehra Ankur. A , Sobol Warren M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether AI significantly affects the performance of diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading by ophthalmology residents. Secondary objectives included evaluation of AI’s effects on intergrader variability, self-reported confidence, and decision making.MethodsFour ophthalmology residents at a single academic medical center across all years of training (PGY-2 to PGY-4) analyzed 265 retinal fundus photographs for diabetic retinopathy from a publicly available dataset without and with the assistance of an AI algorithm, separated by a 3-week washout periodResultsOverall, there was no significant difference without versus with AI in five-class grading, as measured by QWK, with differences ranging from +0.010-0.017, p=0.09-0.32. No significant difference without and with AI was observed for binary classification of referable DR, except for the specificity of the PGY-3 resident (71.8% to 80%, p=0.019). Intergrader agreement among residents significantly increased with AI (FK +0.072, p=0.0003). Self-reported confidence also significantly increased for 3 out of 4 residents.ConclusionThe use of an AI algorithm did not significantly affect the DR grading performance of ophthalmology residents but did increase intergrader agreement and self-reported confidence. Introducing AI into the ophthalmology residency curriculum may be beneficial as the technology becomes more prevalent.Summary StatementA cross-sectional study that evaluated the performance of ophthalmology residents grading diabetic retinopathy fundus photographs with and without the assistance of an artificial intelligence algorithm.
Presence ofAedes aegyptiin a high-altitude area in Bolivia
Authors: Ríos César , Rosas Ninoska , Delgadillo-Iglesias Maria de los Ángeles , Solis-Soto Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAedes aegyptiis currently widespread in Bolivia. Although these mosquitoes commonly inhabit tropical and subtropical areas at low altitudes, recent studies found them up to 2,500 meters above sea levels (m.a.s.l.). The study’s objective was to identify the presence of theAe. aegyptimosquito in urban areas with altitudes around 2,900 m.a.s.l. in Sucre, Bolivia. For this, ovitraps were installed at 12 points, and a morphological and taxonomic analysis was performed. The presence of mature and immature forms was confirmed in 3 of the 12 sampling points. Entomological indexes reported: House=13.64, Breteau= 27.27, dry containers= 43.55, containers with water =56.45.Reproductive populations ofAe. aegyptiwas confirmed to more than 2,900 m.a.s.l. in an urban area with a high migratory flow area. It increases the risk for autochthonous cases of Dengue Disease in the short term. Prevention and control strategies must be intensified to reduce the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases.
Disease modification upon brief exposure to tofacitinib during chronic epilepsy
Authors: Hoffman Olivia R. , Koehler Jennifer L. , Espina Jose Ezekiel Clemente , Patterson Anna M. , Gohar Emily S. , Coleman Emanuel , Schoenike Barry A. , Espinosa-Garcia Claudia , Paredes Felipe , Varvel Nicholas H. , Dingledine Raymond J. , Maguire Jamie L. , Roopra Avtar S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAll current drug treatments for epilepsy, a neurological disorder affecting over 50 million people(1, 2) merely treat symptoms, and a third of patients do not respond to medication. There are no disease modifying treatments that may be administered briefly to patients to enduringly eliminate spontaneous seizures and reverse cognitive deficits(3, 4). Applying network approaches to rodent models and human temporal lobectomy samples at both whole tissue and single-nuclei resolutions, we observe the well-characterized pattern of rapid induction and subsequent quenching exhibited of the JAK/STAT pathway within days of epileptogenic insult. This is followed by a resurgent activation weeks to months later with the onset of spontaneous seizures. Targeting the first wave of activation after epileptic insult does not prevent disease. However, brief inhibition of the second wave with CP690550 (Tofacitinib) (5, 6) enduringly suppresses seizures, rescues deficits in spatial memory, and alleviates epilepsy-associated histopathological alterations. Seizure suppression lasts for at least 2 months after the final dose. Using discovery-based transcriptomic analysis across models of epilepsy and validation of putative mechanisms with human data, we demonstrate a powerful approach to identifying disease modifying targets; this may be useful for other neurological disorders. With this approach, we find that reignition of inflammatory JAK/STAT3 signaling in chronic epilepsy opens a window for disease modification with the FDA-approved, orally available drug CP690550.