bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain and the emotional brain: pain-related cortical processes are better reflected by affective evaluation than by cognitive evaluation
Authors: Stankewitz Anne , Mayr Astrid , Irving Stephanie , Witkovsky Viktor , Schulz Enrico 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe experience of pain has been dissociated into two interwoven aspects: a sensory-discriminative aspect and an affective-motivational aspect. We aimed to explore which of the pain descriptors is more deeply rooted in the human brain. Participants were asked to evaluate applied cold pain. The majority of the trials showed distinct ratings: some were rated higher for unpleasantness and others for intensity. We compared the relationship between functional data recorded from 7 T MRI with unpleasantness and intensity ratings and revealed a stronger relationship between cortical data and unpleasantness ratings. The present study underlines the importance of the emotional-affective aspects of pain-related cortical processes in the brain. The findings corroborate previous studies showing a higher sensitivity to pain unpleasantness compared to ratings of pain intensity. For the processing of pain in healthy subjects, this effect may reflect the more direct and intuitive evaluation of emotional aspects of the pain system, which is to prevent harm and to preserve the physical integrity of the body.
Quantitative and qualitative image quality assessment in shoulder examinations with a first-generation photon-counting detector CT
Authors: Patzer Theresa Sophie , Kunz Andreas Steven , Huflage Henner , Luetkens Karsten Sebastian , Conrads Nora , Gruschwitz Philipp , Pannenbecker Pauline , Ergün Süleyman , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Grunz Jan-Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhoton-counting detector (PCD) CT allows for ultra-high-resolution (UHR) examinations of the shoulder without requiring an additional post-patient comb filter to narrow the detector aperture. This study was designed to compare the PCD performance with a high-end energy-integrating detector (EID) CT. Sixteen cadaveric shoulders were examined with both scanners using dose-matched 120 kVp acquisition protocols (low-dose/full-dose: CTDIvol = 5.0/10.0 mGy). Specimens were scanned in UHR mode with the PCD-CT, whereas EID-CT examinations were conducted in accordance with the clinical standard as “non-UHR”. Reconstruction of EID data employed the sharpest kernel available for standard-resolution scans (ρ50 = 12.3 lp/cm), while PCD data were reconstructed with both a comparable kernel (11.8 lp/cm) and a sharper dedicated bone kernel (16.5 lp/cm). Six radiologists with 2–9 years of experience in musculoskeletal imaging rated image quality subjectively. Interrater agreement was analyzed by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient in a two-way random effects model. Quantitative analyses comprised noise recording and calculating signal-to-noise ratios based on attenuation measurements in bone and soft tissue. Subjective image quality was higher in UHR-PCD-CT than in EID-CT and non-UHR-PCD-CT datasets (all p < 0.001). While low-dose UHR-PCD-CT was considered superior to full-dose non-UHR studies on either scanner (all p < 0.001), ratings of low-dose non-UHR-PCD-CT and full-dose EID-CT examinations did not differ (p > 0.99). Interrater reliability was moderate, indicated by a single measures intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.73; p < 0.001). Image noise was lowest and signal-to-noise ratios were highest in non-UHR-PCD-CT reconstructions at either dose level (p < 0.001). This investigation demonstrates that superior depiction of trabecular microstructure and considerable denoising can be realized without additional radiation dose by employing a PCD for shoulder CT imaging. Allowing for UHR scans without dose penalty, PCD-CT appears as a promising alternative to EID-CT for shoulder trauma assessment in clinical routine.
Effects of four disease-controlling agents (chlorothalonil, CuCl2, harpin, and melatonin) on postharvest jujube fruit quality
Authors: Tian Shan , Chen Ying , Wang Qianjin , Liu Zhilan , Li Yueyue , Zhao Xusheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPostharvest senescence and disease development can reduce the nutritional value of fresh jujube fruit. Herein, four different disease-controlling agents (chlorothalonil, CuCl2, harpin and melatonin) were separately applied to fresh jujube fruit, and all improved postharvest quality (evaluated by disease severity, antioxidant accumulation and senescence) relative to controls. Disease severity was drastically inhibited by these agents, in the order chlorothalonil > CuCl2 > harpin > melatonin. However, chlorothalonil residues were detected even after storage for 4 weeks. These agents increased the activities of defense enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, as well as accumulation of antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, flavonoids and phenolics, in postharvest jujube fruit. The enhanced antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity (evaluated by Fe3+ reducing power) was ordered melatonin > harpin > CuCl2 > chlorothalonil. All four agents significantly delayed senescence (evaluated by weight loss, respiration rate and firmness), with the effect ordered CuCl2 > melatonin > harpin > chlorothalonil. Moreover, treatment with CuCl2 also increased copper accumulation ~ threefold in postharvest jujube fruit. Among the four agents, postharvest treatment with CuCl2 could be considered most appropriate for improving postharvest jujube fruit quality under low temperature conditions without sterilization.
Myoelectric activity during electromagnetic resistance alone and in combination with variable resistance or eccentric overload
Authors: Zambrano Hugo , Torres Xavier , Coleman Max , Franchi Martino V. , Fisher James P. , Oberlin Douglas , Van Hooren Bas , Swinton Paul A. , Schoenfeld Brad J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of electromagnetic resistance alone, as well as in combination with variable resistance or accentuated eccentric methods, with traditional dynamic constant external resistance exercise on myoelectric activity during elbow flexion. The study employed a within-participant randomized, cross-over design whereby 16 young, resistance-trained male and female volunteers performed elbow flexion exercise under each of the following conditions: using a dumbbell (DB); using a commercial electromagnetic resistance device (ELECTRO); variable resistance (VR) using a setting on the device that attempts to match the level of resistance to the human strength curve, and; eccentric overload (EO) using a setting on the device that increases the load by 50% on the eccentric portion of each repetition. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was obtained for the biceps brachii, brachioradialis and anterior deltoid on each of the conditions. Participants performed the conditions at their predetermined 10 repetition maximum. " The order of performance for the conditions was counterbalanced, with trials separated by a 10-min recovery period. The sEMG was synced to a motion capture system to assess sEMG amplitude at elbow joint angles of 30°, 50°, 70°, 90°, 110°, with amplitude normalized to the maximal activation. The anterior deltoid showed the largest differences in amplitude between conditions, where median estimates indicated greater concentric sEMG amplitude (~ 7–10%) with EO, ELECTRO and VR compared with DB. Concentric biceps brachii sEMG amplitude was similar between conditions. In contrast, results indicated a greater eccentric amplitude with DB compared to ELECTRO and VR, but unlikely to exceed a 5% difference. Data indicated a greater concentric and eccentric brachioradialis sEMG amplitude with DB compared to all other conditions, but differences were unlikely to exceed 5%. The electromagnetic device tended to produce greater amplitudes in the anterior deltoid, while DB tended to produce greater amplitudes in the brachioradialis; amplitude for the biceps brachii was relatively similar between conditions. Overall, any observed differences were relatively modest, equating to magnitudes of ~ 5% and not likely greater than 10%. These differences would seem to be of minimal practical significance.
Correlation between airborne pollen data and the risk of tick-borne encephalitis in northern Italy
Authors: Marini Giovanni , Tagliapietra Valentina , Cristofolini Fabiana , Cristofori Antonella , Dagostin Francesca , Zuccali Maria Grazia , Molinaro Silvia , Gottardini Elena , Rizzoli Annapaola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus that infects animals including humans. In Europe, the TBE virus circulates enzootically in natural foci among ticks and rodent hosts. The abundance of ticks depends on the abundance of rodent hosts, which in turn depends on the availability of food resources, such as tree seeds. Trees can exhibit large inter-annual fluctuations in seed production (masting), which influences the abundance of rodents the following year, and the abundance of nymphal ticks two years later. Thus, the biology of this system predicts a 2-year time lag between masting and the incidence of tick-borne diseases such as TBE. As airborne pollen abundance is related to masting, we investigated whether inter-annual variation in pollen load could be directly correlated with inter-annual variation in the incidence of TBE in human populations with a 2-year time lag. We focused our study on the province of Trento (northern Italy), where 206 TBE cases were notified between 1992 and 2020. We tested the relationship between TBE incidence and pollen load collected from 1989 to 2020 for 7 different tree species common in our study area. Through univariate analysis we found that the pollen quantities recorded two years prior for two tree species, hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) and downy oak (Quercus pubescens), were positively correlated with TBE emergence (R2 = 0.2) while a multivariate model with both tree species better explained the variation in annual TBE incidence (R2 = 0.34). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at quantifying the correlation between pollen quantities and the incidence of TBE in human populations. As pollen loads are collected by widespread aerobiological networks using standardized procedures, our study could be easily replicated to test their potential as early warning system for TBE and other tick-borne diseases.
Association between serum leptin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance of 2.5 and higher in normal weight Japanese women
Authors: Minato-Inokawa Satomi , Hayashida Yuuna , Honda Mari , Tsuboi-Kaji Ayaka , Takeuchi Mika , Kitaoka Kaori , Kurata Miki , Wu Bin , Kazumi Tsutomu , Fukuo Keisuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNormal weight insulin resistant phenotype was characterized in 251 Japanese female university students using homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Birth weight, body composition at age 20, cardiometabolic traits and dietary intake were compared cross-sectionally between insulin sensitive (< 1.6, n = 194) and insulin resistant (2.5 and higher, n = 16) women. BMI averaged < 21 kg/m2 and waist < 72 cm and did not differ between two groups. The percentage of macrosomia and serum absolute and fat-mass corrected leptin concentrations were higher in insulin resistant women although there was no difference in birth weight, fat mass index, trunk/leg fat ratio and serum adiponectin. In addition, resting pulse rate, serum concentrations of free fatty acids, triglycerides and remnant-like particle cholesterol were higher in insulin resistant women although HDL cholesterol and blood pressure did not differ. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, serum leptin (odds ratio:1.68, 95% confidential interval:1.08–2.63, p = 0.02) was associated with normal weight insulin resistance independently of macrosomia, free fatty acids, triglycerides, remnant-like particle cholesterol and resting pulse rate. In conclusion, normal weight IR phenotype may be associated with increased plasma leptin concentrations and leptin to fat mass ratio in young Japanese women, suggesting higher leptin production by body fat unit.
Simulation of nitrate pollution and vulnerability of groundwater resources using MODFLOW and DRASTIC models
Authors: Eslamian Saeid , Harooni Yaghub , Sabzevari Yaser 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGroundwater assets are the foremost imperative assets of freshwater accessible to people especially in arid and semi-arid regions. For the investigation of temporal changes in groundwater nitrate pollution and the role of agriculture and other sources in the pollution of groundwater, the information on 42 drinking water wells with suitable distribution in the plain in Bouin-Daran Plain in the center of Iran was used. The results showed that the amount of hydraulic conductivity in the plain for different areas after calibration in steady state was calculated between 0.8 and 34 m/day. After calibrating the model in permanent conditions, the model was calibrated in non-permanent conditions for 2 years. The results showed that in a wide area of the region, the nitrate ion concentration has values of more than 25 mg/L. This shows that the average concentration of this ion in the region is generally high. The highest level of pollution in the aquifer of the plain is related to the southern and southeastern parts of the plain. Due to the agricultural activities with the use of large amounts of fertilizers in this plain, there is a potential for pollution in all of the places, and it requires codified and executive planning for agricultural operations as well as the use of groundwater sources. The DRASTIC vulnerability estimation method is only useful for estimating the areas that have a high potential for contamination and according to the validation tests, it has also provided a suitable estimate.
Phenotypic diversity of T cells in human primary and metastatic brain tumors revealed by multiomic interrogation
Authors: Wischnewski Vladimir , Maas Roeltje R. , Aruffo Paola Guerrero , Soukup Klara , Galletti Giovanni , Kornete Mara , Galland Sabine , Fournier Nadine , Lilja Johanna , Wirapati Pratyaksha , Lourenco Joao , Scarpa Alice , Daniel Roy T. , Hottinger Andreas F. , Brouland Jean-Philippe , Losurdo Agnese , Voulaz Emanuele , Alloisio Marco , Hegi Monika E. , Lugli Enrico , Joyce Johanna A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe immune-specialized environment of the healthy brain is tightly regulated to prevent excessive neuroinflammation. However, after cancer development, a tissue-specific conflict between brain-preserving immune suppression and tumor-directed immune activation may ensue. To interrogate potential roles of T cells in this process, we profiled these cells from individuals with primary or metastatic brain cancers via integrated analyses on the single-cell and bulk population levels. Our analysis revealed similarities and differences in T cell biology between individuals, with the most pronounced differences observed in a subgroup of individuals with brain metastasis, characterized by accumulation of CXCL13-expressing CD39+ potentially tumor-reactive T (pTRT) cells. In this subgroup, high pTRT cell abundance was comparable to that in primary lung cancer, whereas all other brain tumors had low levels, similar to primary breast cancer. These findings indicate that T cell-mediated tumor reactivity can occur in certain brain metastases and may inform stratification for treatment with immunotherapy.
COVID-19 associated thyroid dysfunction and other comorbidities and its management using phytochemical-based therapeutics: a natural way
Authors: Parihar Arpana , Malviya Shivani , Khan Raju , Kaushik Ajeet , Mostafavi Ebrahim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 complications affect human life drastically. Patients who have been cured of COVID-19 infection are now experiencing post-COVID-19 associated comorbidities, which have increased mortality rates. The SARS-CoV-2 infection distresses the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and various endocrine glands, including the thyroid. The emergence of variants which includes Omicron (B.1.1.529) and its lineages threaten the world severely. Among different therapeutic approaches, phytochemical-based therapeutics are not only cost-effective but also have lesser side effects. Recently a plethora of studies have shown the therapeutic efficacy of various phytochemicals for the treatment of COVID-19. Besides this, various phytochemicals have been found efficacious in treating several inflammatory diseases, including thyroid-related anomalies. The method of the phytochemical formulation is quick and facile and the raw materials for such herbal preparations are approved worldwide for human use against certain disease conditions. Owing to the advantages of phytochemicals, this review primarily discusses the COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction and the role of key phytochemicals to deal with thyroid anomaly and post-COVID-19 complications. Further, this review shed light on the mechanism via which COVID-19 and its related complication affect organ function of the body, along with the mechanistic insight into the way by which phytochemicals could help to cure post-COVID-19 complications in thyroid patients. Considering the advantages offered by phytochemicals as a safer and cost-effective medication they can be potentially used to combat COVID-19-associated comorbidities.
Systematic evaluation of the association between a missense variant in XRCC3 gene splicing site and the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Liang Qiulian , Huang Gongchen , Zhong Ping , Deng Dengting , Yang Lin , Yu Xiangyuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effects and underlying mechanism of XRCC3 rs861539 on the risk of ovarian cancer (OC) are still unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis of 10 studies containing 6,375 OC cases and 10,204 controls was performed for this topic. Compared with GG genotype, GA + AA genotypes could significantly decrease the OC risk, odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.89 (0.83-0.95) and P=0.001, and 0.88 (0.82–0.95) and P=0.001 under the dominant and heterozygous genetic models. Compared with G allele, rs861539 A could significantly reduce the OC risk, OR and its corresponding 95% CI was 0.94 (0.89–0.98) and P=0.007. By subgroup analysis in ethnicity, protective effects on OC risk in Caucasians were observed (the dominant model: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82–0.94, P&lt;0.001; the heterozygous model: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81–0.94, P&lt;0.001; the allelic model: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88–0.97, P=0.003; the homozygous model: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.98, P=0.024). The authenticity of positive association findings was further confirmed by trial sequential analysis (TSA) and false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis. The subsequent functional analysis revealed that rs861539 could regulate the post-transcriptional expression of XRCC3 by changing the activity of putative splice sites and types of splicing factors. rs861539 also may act as an expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) affecting the expression of genes such as XRCC3, MARK3, APOPT1, etc., and has an impact on the structure of XRCC3.
Self-Medication in Europe: Economic and Social Impact on Individuals
and Society
Authors: May Uwe , Bauer Cosima , Schneider-Ziebe Anissa , Giulini-Limbach Chiara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives To demonstrate the different monetary and time-related costs
associated with the treatment of minor ailments (MAs) in the case of a general
practitioner (GP) visit or self-medication with non-prescription medicines as an
essential part of self-care in European countries. Ultimately, this is also
intended to enable health policy statements with regard to an efficient
allocation of resources in outpatient care.
Methods A simplified decision-analytical model is applied in which the
self-purchase of a non-prescription medicine and a GP visit are considered as
partial substitutes from the patient's perspective. In order to compare
the decision paths of GP visit and self-medication in the sense of a
cost-minimisation approach, the most relevant direct and indirect cost types are
identified. Thirty countries are clustered following socioeconomic criteria. The
value of self-medication is calculated for an individual MA case per Country
Cluster, then the data is extrapolated to the entire population of countries and
aggregated to a European value. Status quo and potential scenarios as well as
relevant perspectives (patient, GP, healthcare system, national economy) are
considered. Sensitivity analyses are conducted.
Results Almost 1.2 billion MA cases are treated by self-medication in
Europe p.a., saving EUR 26.31 billion in direct costs and EUR 10.41 billion in
indirect costs (status quo). On average, one euro spent on OTC medicines by
consumers saves national healthcare systems and economies EUR 6.70.
10–25% of current GP visits could be substituted by self-care,
creating an additional savings potential of EUR 17.60 billion.
Conclusion The study results reveal that self-medication in European
countries is already associated with a high economic and social value for the
individual and society. It is evident that current savings could be further
increased by promoting self-care. Through responsible self-medication supported
by an adequate health policy, resources and significant efficiency reserves for
healthcare systems as well as national economies can be released. The resources
freed up through an adequate self-care policy can play a significant role in
building more resilient healthcare systems across Europe.
Citizenship in times of crisis: biosocial state–citizen relations during COVID-19 in Austria
Authors: Radhuber Isabella M. , Haddad Christian , Kieslich Katharina , Paul Katharina T. , Prainsack Barbara , El-Sayed Seliem , Schlogl Lukas , Spahl Wanda , Weiss Elias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrawing upon 152 in-depth qualitative interviews with residents in Austria carried out in the first year of the pandemic, this article discusses how people’s experiences with COVID-19 policies reflect and reshape state–citizen relations. Coinciding with a significant government crisis, the first year of COVID-19 in Austria saw pandemic measures justified with reference to a biological, often medical understanding of health that framed disease prevention in terms of transmission reduction, often with reference to metrics such as hospitalisation rates, etc. Instead of using this biomedical frame, our interviewees, however, drew attention to biopsychosocial dimensions of the crisis and problematised the entanglements between economy and health. We call this the emergence of a biosocial notion of citizenship that is attentive to psychological, social and economic dimensions of health. Insights into the biosocial nature of pandemic citizenship open a window of opportunity for addressing long-standing social injustices.