bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information theoretical properties of a spiking neuron trained with Hebbian and STDP learning rules
Authors: Chu Dominique 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing formal methods complemented by large-scale simulations we investigate information theoretical properties of spiking neurons trained using Hebbian and STDP learning rules. It is shown that weight space contains meta-stable states, which are points where the average weight change under the learning rule vanishes. These points may capture the random walker transiently. The dwell time in the vicinity of the meta-stable state is either quasi-infinite or very short and depends on the level of noise in the system. Moreover, important information theoretic quantities, such as the amount of information the neuron transmits are determined by the meta-stable state. While the Hebbian learning rule reliably leads to meta-stable states, the STDP rule tends to be unstable in the sense that for most choices of hyper-parameters the weights are not captured by meta-stable states, except for a restricted set of choices. It emerges that stochastic fluctuations play an important role in determining which meta-stable state the neuron takes. To understand this, we model the trajectory of the neuron through weight space as an inhomogeneous Markovian random walk, where the transition probabilities between states are determined by the statistics of the input signal.
Microearthquakes in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone, Mexico: evidence from buried active faults in Tesistán Valley, Zapopan
Authors: Quinteros-Cartaya Claudia , Solorio-Magaña Guillermo , Núñez-Cornú Francisco Javier , Escalona-Alcázar Felipe de Jesús , Núñez Diana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerous microearthquakes, ML ≤ 3.8, corresponding to background seismicity and swarms were observed from September 3, 2017, to January 1, 2018, mainly in the Tesistán Valley, north of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone (GMZ). We located 188 tectonic microearthquakes and identified 11 clusters of similar events from a spatio-temporal analysis and waveform cross-correlations. Our results confirm the presence of continuous seismicity in the GMZ that long went unobserved. Most M L ≥ 2.5 events and some clustered events are located in the northeastern Tesistán, close to the NNE-SSW fault corresponding to the eastern edge of the Zapopan Graben, a structure evidenced by 2015–2016 seismicity. Seismicity recorded during 2020 by a recent local seismic network installed in Zapopan reaffirms that frequent microseismicity is related to active faults that cross the cities of Zapopan and Guadalajara. The microseismicity distribution suggests minor faults with the same orientation and sense of displacement as the main structures bounding the Zapopan Graben, which corresponds to structures known as synthetic faults. This arrangement is common within the Basin and Range tectonic province. The seismicity in the northeast boundary of Jalisco Block is closely related to faults formed by Cenozoic deformation events that might be reactivated due to modern crustal dynamics. Active faults and the possibility of synthetic structures are a hypothesis that necessitates long-term seismic monitoring in order to assess the seismic hazard in the GMZ, which is a crucial factor for urban planning.
Vortex Motions in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Tziotziou K. , Scullion E. , Shelyag S. , Steiner O. , Khomenko E. , Tsiropoula G. , Canivete Cuissa J. R. , Wedemeyer S. , Kontogiannis I. , Yadav N. , Kitiashvili I. N. , Skirvin S. J. , Dakanalis I. , Kosovichev A. G. , Fedun V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVortex flows, related to solar convective turbulent dynamics at granular scales and their interplay with magnetic fields within intergranular lanes, occur abundantly on the solar surface and in the atmosphere above. Their presence is revealed in high-resolution and high-cadence solar observations from the ground and from space and with state-of-the-art magnetoconvection simulations. Vortical flows exhibit complex characteristics and dynamics, excite a wide range of different waves, and couple different layers of the solar atmosphere, which facilitates the channeling and transfer of mass, momentum and energy from the solar surface up to the low corona. Here we provide a comprehensive review of documented research and new developments in theory, observations, and modelling of vortices over the past couple of decades after their observational discovery, including recent observations in$\text{H}\alpha $Hα, innovative detection techniques, diverse hydrostatic modelling of waves and forefront magnetohydrodynamic simulations incorporating effects of a non-ideal plasma. It is the first systematic overview of solar vortex flows at granular scales, a field with a plethora of names for phenomena that exhibit similarities and differences and often interconnect and rely on the same physics. With the advent of the 4-m Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope and the forthcoming European Solar Telescope, the ongoing Solar Orbiter mission, and the development of cutting-edge simulations, this review timely addresses the state-of-the-art on vortex flows and outlines both theoretical and observational future research directions.
Reduced dose direct oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin with high time in therapeutic range in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jansson M. , Själander S. , Sjögren V. , Björck F. , Renlund H. , Norrving B. , Själander A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) used in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are dose-reduced in elderly and patients with impaired renal function. Only reduced dose dabigatran is concluded as having similar stroke risk reduction and lower risk of major bleeding than warfarin in the pivotal studies. In clinical practice, reduced dose is prescribed more often than expected making this an important issue. The objective of this study was to compare effectiveness and safety between reduced dose DOACs and high TTR warfarin treatment (TTR ≥ 70%) in NVAF. A Swedish anticoagulation registry was used in identifying eligible patients from July 2011 to December 2017. The study cohort consisted of 40,564 patients with newly initiated DOAC (apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban) (11,083 patients) or warfarin treatment (29,481 patients) after exclusion of 374,135 patients due to not being warfarin or DOAC naïve, not being prescribed reduced dose, having previous mechanical heart valve (MHV), or being under 18 years old. The median durations of follow up were 365, 419, 432 and 473 days for apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and warfarin, respectively. Warfarin TTR identified from Auricula was 70.0%. Endpoints (stroke and major bleeding) and baseline characteristics were collected from hospital administrative registers using ICD-10 codes. Cohorts were compared using weighted adjusted Cox regression after full optimal matching based on propensity scores. DOACs are associated with lower risk of major bleeding (HR with 95% CI) 0.85 (0.78–0.93), intracranial bleeding HR 0.64 (0.51–0.80), hemorrhagic stroke HR 0.68 (0.50–0.92), gastrointestinal bleeding HR 0.81 (0.69–0.96) and all-cause stroke HR 0.87 (0.76–0.99), than warfarin. Apixaban and dabigatran are associated with lower risk of major bleeding, HR 0.70 (0.63–0.78) and HR 0.80 (0.69–0.94), and rivaroxaban is associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke, HR 0.73 (0.59–0.96), with higher major bleeding risk, HR 1.31 (1.15–1.48), compared to warfarin. Apixaban is associated with higher all-cause mortality compared to warfarin, HR 1.12 (1.03–1.21). DOACs are associated with lower risk of major bleeding and all-cause stroke, than high quality warfarin treatment, with exception of rivaroxaban that carried higher risk of major bleeding and lower risk of stroke or systemic embolism. In this large observational registry-based NVAF cohort, DOACs are preferred treatment in patients with indication for DOAC dose reduction, even in a high TTR setting.
Low delay network attributes randomization to proactively mitigate reconnaissance attacks in industrial control systems
Authors: Etxezarreta Xabier , Garitano Iñaki , Iturbe Mikel , Zurutuza Urko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndustrial Control Systems are used in a wide variety of industrial facilities, including critical infrastructures, becoming the main target of multiple security attacks. A malicious and successful attack against these infrastructures could cause serious economic and environmental consequences, including the loss of human lives. Static networks configurations and topologies, which characterize Industrial Control Systems, represent an advantage for attackers, allowing them to scan for vulnerable devices or services before carrying out the attack. Identifying active devices and services is often the first step for many attacks. This paper presents a proactive network reconnaissance defense mechanism based on the temporal randomization of network IP addresses, MAC addresses and port numbers. The obtained information distortion minimizes the knowledge acquired by the attackers, hindering any attack that relies on network addressing. The temporal randomization of network attributes is performed in an adaptive way, minimizing the overhead introduced in the network and avoiding any error and latency in communications. The implementation as well as the tests have been carried out in a laboratory with real industrial equipment, demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented solution.
Uncovering biodegradability and biocompatibility of betaine-based deep eutectic systems
Authors: Ferreira Inês João , Paiva Alexandre , Diniz Mário , Duarte Ana Rita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Deep eutectic systems (DES) have shown increasing popularity in last decade; however, the number of studies on the potential toxicity towards living organisms remains scarce. These studies are of the utmost importance to infer on the claimed non-toxicity and biocompatibility of DES. Most articles published, at this moment, only evaluate the toxicity towards a cell model or in different strains of bacteria. For this purpose, in this work, the effect of two DES (betaine:sorbitol:water 1:1:3 and betaine:glycerol 1:2) and their individual components were evaluated at different concentrations after administered via intraperitoneal injection in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The total antioxidant capacity, lipoperoxidation, and the activity of various enzymes that work in different antioxidant pathways (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase) were assessed. The results show no significant toxicity within the tested concentrations: up to 5000 µM and 3000 µM, for the assays using the system betaine:sorbitol:water 1:1:3 and for betaine:glycerol 1:2, respectively. The toxicity of individual components was studied up to 1000 µM. Based on the encouraging results that have been obtained, it is safe to conclude that these two deep eutectic systems can be used as the new class of environmentally friendly solvents.
Graphical Abstract
Extracranial Nasosinusal Meningioma: A Case Report of a Rare Entity
Authors: Romano Antonio , Maffia Francesco , Iaquino Vincenzo , Tarallo Giuseppe , Abbate Vincenzo , De Fazio Gianluca Renato , Committeri Umberto , Bonavolontà Paola , Califano Luigi , Dell’Aversana Orabona Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common neoformations of the central nervous system, and represent the 33% of all intracranial neoplasms. The nasosinusal tract is involved in 24% of cases of extracranial localization. The aim of our paper is to present the case of a patient with an ethmoidal sinus meningioma.
Wear monitoring method of water-lubricated polymer thrust bearing based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum
Authors: Ning Changxiong , Hu Fei , Ouyang Wu , Yan Xinpin , Xu Dongling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe water-lubricated thrust bearings of the marine rim-driven thruster (RDT) are usually composed of polymer composites, which are prone to serious wear under harsh working conditions. Ultrasonic is an excellent non-destructive monitoring technology, but polymer materials are characterized by viscoelasticity, heterogeneity, and large acoustic attenuation, making it challenging to extract ultrasonic echo signals. Therefore, this paper proposes a wear monitoring method based on the amplitude spectrum of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient. The effects of bearing parameters, objective function, and algorithm parameters on the identification results are simulated and analyzed. Taking the correlation coefficient and root mean square error as the matching parameters, the thickness, sound velocity, density, and attenuation factor of the bearing are inversed simultaneously by utilizing the differential evolution algorithm (DEA), and the wear measurement system is constructed. In order to verify the identification accuracy of this method, an accelerated wear test under heavy load was executed on a multi-functional vertical water lubrication test rig with poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) fixed pad and stainless-steel thrust collar as the object. The thickness of pad was measured using the high-precision spiral micrometer and ultrasonic testing system, respectively. Ultimately, the results demonstrate that the thickness identification error of this method is approximately 1%, andin-situmonitoring ability will be realized in the future, which is of great significance to the life prediction of bearings.
Drop impact dynamic and directional transport on dragonfly wing surface
Authors: Xu Jing , Liu Wenjun , Shang Weixiao , Chen Jun , Lian Jiadi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ability of dragonflies to fly in the rain without being wetted by raindrops has motivated researchers to investigate the impact behavior of a drop on the superhydrophobic wings of dragonflies. This superhydrophobic surface is used as a reference for the design of directional surfaces and has attracted extensive attention owing to its wide applicability in microfluidics, self-cleaning, and other fields. In this study, the static contact angle and rebound process of a drop impacting a dragonfly wing surface are investigated experimentally, whereas the wetting pressure, Gibbs free energy, and Stokes number vs. coefficient of restitution are theoretically calculated to examine the dynamic and unidirectional transport behaviors of the drop. Results show that the initial inclination angle of the dragonfly wing is similar to the sliding angles along with the drop sliding. The water drop bounces from the bottom of the dragonfly wing to the distal position, demonstrating directional migration. The drop impacts the dragonfly wing surface, and the drop exhibits compression, recovery, and separation phases; in these three phases, the drop morphology evolves. As the Gibbs free energy and cross-sectional area evolve, the coefficient of restitution decreases as the drop continues to bounce, and the Stokes number increases.
Achieving macroscale superlubricity with ultra-short running-in period by using polyethylene glycol-tannic acid complex green lubricant
Authors: Du Changhe , Yu Tongtong , Wu Zishuai , Zhang Liqiang , Shen Ruilin , Li Xiaojuan , Feng Min , Feng Yange , Wang Daoai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSuperlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction. However, a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity; this leads to severe wear on the surface of friction pairs and has become one of the important factors in the wear of superlubricating materials. In this study, a polyethylene glycol-tannic acid complex green liquid lubricant (PEG10000-TA) was designed to achieve macroscale superlubricity with an ultrashort running-in period of 9 s under a contact pressure of up to 410 MPa, and the wear rate was only 1.19 × 10−8 mm3·N−1·m−1. This is the shortest running-in time required to achieve superlubricity in Si3N4/glass (SiO2). The results show that the strong hydrogen bonds between PEG and TA molecules can significantly reduce the time required for the tribochemical reaction, allowing the lubricating material to reach the state of superlubrication rapidly. Furthermore, the strong hydrogen bond can share a large load while fixing free water molecules in the contact zone to reduce shear interaction. These findings will help advance the use of liquid superlubricity technology in industrial and biomedical.
Nanomaterials for lubricating oil application: A review
Authors: Duan Linlin , Li Jian , Duan Haitao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFriction and wear are ubiquitous, from nano-electro-mechanical systems in biomedicine to large-scale integrated electric propulsion in aircraft carriers. Applications of nanomaterials as lubricating oil additives have achieved great advances, which are of great significance to control friction and wear. This review focuses on the applications of nanomaterials in lubricating oil and comprehensively compares their tribological characteristics as lubricating oil additives. Statistical analysis of tribology data is provided and discussed accordingly; moreover, the interaction between nanomaterials and sliding surface, lubricating oil, other additives, and synergistic lubrication in nanocomposites are systematically elaborated. Finally, suggestions for future research on nanomaterials as lubricating oil additives are proposed. Hence, this review will promote a better fundamental understanding of nanomaterials for lubricating oil application and help to achieve the superior design of nanoadditives with outstanding tribological performances.
Does friction contribute to formability improvement using servo press?
Authors: Prasad Kali , Gupta Aishwary , Krishnaswamy Hariharan , Chakkingal Uday , Banerjee Dilip K. , Lee Myoung-Gyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractServo press forming machines are advanced forming systems that are capable of imparting interrupted punch motion, resulting in enhanced room temperature formability. The exact mechanism of the formability improvement is not yet established. The contribution of interrupted motion in the ductility improvement has been studied through stress relaxation phenomena in uniaxial tensile (UT) tests. However, the reason for improved formability observed when employing servo press is complicated due to the additional contribution from frictional effects. In the present work, an attempt is made to decouple the friction effect on formability improvement numerically. The improved formability is studied using a hole expansion test (HET). The limit of forming during hole expansion is modeled using the Hosford-Coulomb (HC) damage criteria, which is implemented as a user subroutine in a commercial explicit finite element (FE) software. Only the contribution of stress relaxation is accounted for in the evolution of the damage variable during interrupted loading. Therefore, the difference between simulation and experimental hole expansion ratio (HER) can be used to decouple the friction effect from the overall formability improvement during hole expansion. The improvement in HER due to stress relaxation and friction effect is different. The study showed that the model effectively captures the hole expansion deformation process in both monotonic and interrupted loading conditions. Compared to stress relaxation, friction effect played a major role during interrupted HET.
Rubber-ice friction
Authors: Tada Toshi , Kawasaki Satoshi , Shimizu Ryouske , Persson Bo N. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is sliding on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from −38 to −2 °C, and sliding speeds ranging from 3 µm/s to 1 cm/s. At low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber surface. At temperatures above −10 °C or for high enough sliding speeds, a thin premelted water film occurs on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is small. In this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice asperities. We comment on the role of waxing on the friction between skis and snow (ice particles).
From Darkness to Light: A Comparative Study of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies in the European Union, the UK, and the US
Authors: D'ALVIA Daniele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article analyses the financial regulation of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (‘SPACs’) in the European Union and SPAC reform in the UK against the main legal system where the SPAC originates: the US. I argue that the US and financial regulators in Europe have opposing views on SPACs, evidenced by the adoption of two different regulatory approaches. As opposed to a SPAC regulation by business or function and by enforcement in the US, the European Union and the UK are implementing a SPAC regulation by objectives, where general principles of company and financial law inform the SPAC legal discipline. This enormously enriches the SPAC current debate, and sheds new light on the subject.
Language endangerment: Using analytical methods from conservation biology to illuminate loss of linguistic diversity
Authors: Bromham Lindell 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLanguage diversity is under threat, with between a third to a half of all languages considered endangered, and predicted rates of loss equivalent to one language per month for the rest of the century. Rather than reviewing the extensive body of linguistic research on endangered languages, this review focuses specifically on the interdisciplinary transfer of methods developed in conservation biology, macroecology and macroevolution to the study of language endangerment and loss. While the causes of language endangerment and loss are different to those for species, studying patterns of diversity of species and languages involves similar analytical challenges, associated with testing hypotheses and identifying causal relationships. Solutions developed in biology can be adapted to illuminate patterns in language endangerment, such as statistical methods that explicitly model phylogenetic nonindependence, spatial autocorrelation and covariation between variables, which may otherwise derail the search for meaningful predictors of language endangerment. However, other tools from conservation biology may be much less use in understanding or predicting language endangerment, such as metrics based on International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, population viability analysis or niche modelling. This review highlights both the similarities and the differences in approaches to understanding the concurrent crises in loss of both linguistic diversity and biodiversity.
GENERIC LINES IN PROJECTIVE SPACE AND THE KOSZUL PROPERTY
Authors: RICE JOSHUA ANDREW 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Koszul property of the homogeneous coordinate ring of a generic collection of lines in$\mathbb {P}^n$and the homogeneous coordinate ring of a collection of lines in general linear position in$\mathbb {P}^n.$We show that if$\mathcal {M}$is a collection ofmlines in general linear position in$\mathbb {P}^n$with$2m \leq n+1$andRis the coordinate ring of$\mathcal {M},$thenRis Koszul. Furthermore, if$\mathcal {M}$is a generic collection ofmlines in$\mathbb {P}^n$andRis the coordinate ring of$\mathcal {M}$withmeven and$m +1\leq n$ormis odd and$m +2\leq n,$thenRis Koszul. Lastly, we show that if$\mathcal {M}$is a generic collection ofmlines such that$$ \begin{align*} m> \frac{1}{72}\left(3(n^2+10n+13)+\sqrt{3(n-1)^3(3n+5)}\right),\end{align*} $$thenRis not Koszul. We give a complete characterization of the Koszul property of the coordinate ring of a generic collection of lines for$n \leq 6$or$m \leq 6$. We also determine the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of the coordinate ring for a generic collection of lines and the projective dimension of the coordinate ring of collection of lines in general linear position.