bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical toxicity of nitazene detections in two Australian emergency department toxicosurveillance systems
Authors: Isoardi Katherine Z. , Alfred Sam , Weber Courtney , Harris Keith , Soderstrom Jessamine , Syrjanen Rebekka , Thompson Amanda , Schumann Jennifer , Stockham Peter , Sakrajda Paul , Fatovich Daniel , Greene Shaun L. ,   the EDNA and EDNAV Investigators
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionNitazenes are a group of potent synthetic opioids that have had increasing prominence as novel psychoactive drugs in the last 5 years. We describe emergency department nitazene‐related presentations.MethodsThis is a prospective series of patients with analytically confirmed nitazene presentations identified by the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia and Emerging Drugs Network of Australia Victoria. Both studies' databases were searched between July 2020 and February 2024 with clinical data and blood nitazene concentrations abstracted.ResultsThere were 32 presentations, 23 (72%) males, with a median age of 31 years (range 18–63 years). Only five (16%) intentionally ingested a nitazene, with most (12, 38%) believing they had taken alternative opioids. Co‐exposures occurred in 31 (97%), mostly metamfetamine. Naloxone was administered in 23 (72%) presentations, with a median total dose of intravenous naloxone within 1 h post hospital presentation of 400 μg (interquartile range [IQR] 160–450 μg). Four (13%) received a naloxone infusion. Thirteen (41%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. The median length of stay was 17 h (IQR 7–39 h). Protonitazene was the commonest nitazene detected in 23 (72%) presentations with a median concentration of 2.0 μg/L (range 0.7–15 μg/L). The lowest concentration of protonitazene in a patient that received naloxone was 0.7 μg/L.Discussion and ConclusionsMost patients were unaware they were using nitazenes. Given their potency, this has important implications for harm, particularly in those not intentionally using opioids. Nitazene exposure was mostly unintentional. Naloxone use was common and standard dosing regimens appeared effective in most cases.
Prognostic Value of Transvalvular Flow Rate in Aortic Stenosis: Implications for Risk Stratification
Authors: Bar Gil Elad M. , Sergienko Ruslan , Roguin Nir , Birman Shoham , Kobal Sergio L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTiming of treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) is of key importance. AS severity is currently determined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with a main focus on mean trans‐aortic gradients. However, echocardiography has its limitations. The transvalvular flow rate (Q), is defined as the ratio of stroke volume (SV) to ejection time (ET): Q = SV/ET.PurposeTo examine the prognostic value of aortic transvalvular flow rate (Q), in patients with moderate or severe AS.MethodsClinical data from 824 patients diagnosed with AS between 2017 and 2020, and followed up until 2022 for four clinical outcomes: mortality, congestive heart failure (CHF), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) was used for this retrospective study. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed for the whole cohort and for the moderate AS subgroup, to identify prognostic markers. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was conducted for different transvalvular flow rates and AS severities.ResultsFindings demonstrate that lower Q is a significant risk factor for all‐cause mortality even when adjusted for other echocardiographic and clinical variables. Survival analysis for the composite outcome occurrence (TAVI, SAVR, CHF, or mortality) and mortality showed significant differences between groups stratified by AS severity and Q (p value <0.0001). Specifically, Q was more substantial in the moderate AS group.ConclusionTransvalvular flow rate (Q) is independently prognostic for all‐cause mortality. Furthermore, patients with moderate AS and lower Q should be closely monitored. Flow rate assessment should be integrated into the diagnosis, classification, and prognosis framework for AS.
Does Tax‐Aggressive Behavior Motivate More CSR Engagement?
Authors: Wang Xin , Chan Kam Fong , Chang Millicent , Shan Yuan George , Yang Joey W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUsing an international sample of listed companies from 36 countries, we investigate whether firms' engagement in tax‐aggressive behavior drives them to increase their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities. Consistent with the reputation risk mitigation theory, our results show that U.S. and Canadian firms ramp up their ESG activities 4 years after engaging in tax‐aggressive practices, aligning with the typical duration for the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) investigations. In contrast, firms in other countries act sooner, within 2–3 years. Further analysis shows that firms in countries with stringent law enforcement, and those adopting International Financial Reporting Standards, are less likely to enhance CSR/ESG activities following aggressive tax policies. These findings highlight the significant influence of regulatory and disclosure environments in shaping corporate behavior in tax policies.
Pallidal Spike‐Train Variability and Randomness Are the Most Important Signatures to Classify Parkinson's Disease and Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Sedov A. , Pavlovsky P. , Filyushkina V. , Dzhalagoniya I. , Semenova U. , Zakharov N. , Gamaleya A. , Tomskiy A. , Shaikh Aasef G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMovement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and cervical dystonia (CD) are associated with abnormal neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi). Reduced firing rate and presence of spiking bursts are typical for CD, whereas PD is characterized by high frequency tonic activity. This research aims to identify the most important pallidal spiking parameters to classify these conditions. We analysed the single unit activity of the globus pallidus externus (GPe) and internus (GPi) in 11 CD and 10 PD patients who underwent standard‐of‐care DBS implantation. We compared firing rate, firing pattern and oscillatory characteristics of tonic, burst and pause cells and used logistic regression and random forest models to classify patients according to their pallidal activity. In the GPi, we discovered prevalence of high firing rate tonic cells in patients with PD, whereas in dystonia, burst neurons with high firing rate were predominant. GPi pause cells were mostly observed in CD patients and exhibited less spike variability compared to PD. Characteristics of neurons and their distribution in the GPe was similar. Logistic regression and random forest models identified spike variability and randomness as the key features for distinguishing between PD and CD, instead of firing rate or oscillation properties. Our study demonstrates that pallidal activity can predict PD and CD with high accuracy. Burst dynamics and characteristics of spiking randomness including entropy appear to be the most meaningful reflections of the neurophysiology of studied diseases.
Postcolitis Alterations in Dose‐Dependent Effects of 5‐HT1A Agonist Buspirone on Nociceptive Activity of the Raphe Magnus and Dorsal Raphe Neurons in Rats
Authors: Lyubashina Olga A. , Sushkevich Boris M. , Sivachenko Ivan B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe serotonergic raphe magnus (RMg) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei are crucial pain–regulating structures, which nociceptive activity is shown to be altered in gut pathology, but the underlying neuroplastic changes remain unclear. Considering the importance of 5‐HT1A receptors in modulating both pain and raphe neuronal activity, in this study, we aimed to determine whether 5‐HT1A‐dependent visceral and somatic nociceptive processing within the RMg and DR is modified in postcolitis conditions. In anaesthetised male Wistar rats, healthy control and recovered from TNBS‐induced colitis, the microelectrode recordings of RMg and DR neuron responses to noxious colorectal distension (CRD) or tail squeezing (TS) were performed prior and after intravenous administration of 5‐HT1A agonist, buspirone. In postcolitis animals, 5‐HT1A autoreceptor‐ and heteroreceptor‐activating high doses of buspirone (2 and 4 mg/kg) lost normally occurring ability to facilitate CRD‐ and TS‐evoked activation of RMg neurons, causing inhibition of the local nociceptive signalling similar to 5‐HT1A autoreceptor‐activating low doses (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg). Conversely, the normally inherent property of buspirone at all doses to reduce visceral and somatic pain–related neuronal excitation in the DR was weakened after colitis. These phenomena were associated with a loss of normally occurring inhibitory effect of the compound's high doses on hemodynamic reactions to CRD and TS, revealing deficient antinociceptive action at a systemic level. The data suggest postcolitis changes in buspirone‐dependent 5‐HT1A autoreceptor‐ and heteroreceptor‐mediated signalling, which can directly or indirectly lead to reduced RMg pain–related activity and increased DR nociceptive excitation, impairing their functioning in the visceral and somatic pain control.
Experimental Research on Characterizing Elastic–Plastic Mixed‐Mode Crack Extension Based on Ultimate Elastic Strain Energy Storage
Authors: Chang Dongdong , Fan Tianfeng , An Zheng , Yang Xiaofa , Lu Yuxiang , Han Xuanxuan , Lin Wenqi , Zuo Hong , Dong Yingxuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a new insight into describing elastic–plastic mixed‐mode crack extension based on ultimate elastic strain energy storage (ESES). The experimental fixture and specimen are specially designed and processed, and a series of experiments of mixed‐mode I–II crack extension are conducted with different loading angles. It is found that the ultimate ESES invariably decreases as the crack length increases during mixed‐mode crack extension with different loading angles, whereas the ultimate elastic strain energy storage release rate (ESESRR) is demonstrated to be stable in various loading angles. Moreover, the magnitude of the initial ultimate ESES can measure the difficulty of crack initiation, and its value is affected by loading conditions and specimen shape. Eventually, the theoretical and experimental values of the ultimate ESESRR fit well by excluding three nonnegligible physical factors. Therefore, the ultimate ESESRR provides a new perspective to characterize mixed‐mode I–II crack extension in elastic–plastic materials.
Soil Microbiome Inoculation for Resilient and Multifunctional New Forests in Post‐Agricultural Landscapes
Authors: Gomes Sofia I. F. , Gundersen Per , Bezemer T. Martijn , Barsotti Davide , D'Imperio Ludovica , Georgopoulos Konstantinos , Justesen Mathias Just , Rheault Karelle , Rosas Yamina M. , Schmidt Inger Kappel , Tedersoo Leho , Vesterdal Lars , Yu Ming , Anslan Sten , Aslani Farzad , Byriel David Bille , Christiansen Jesper , Hansen Sascha H. , Kasal Naksha , Kosawang Chatchai , Larsen Heidi , Larsen Klaus S. , Lees Jane , van Dijke Annemiek C. P. , Kepfer‐Rojas Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAfforestation is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy to restore ecosystems and enhance biodiversity on post‐agricultural landscapes. However, agricultural legacies, such as altered soil structure, nutrient imbalances, and depleted microbial diversity, can slow down forest establishment or cause ecosystems to deviate from expected successional trajectories. In this opinion paper, we explore the potential of soil inoculations as a tool to overcome these challenges by introducing beneficial microbial communities that can accelerate ecosystem recovery and forest development. Restoring soil biodiversity is a crucial aspect of this process that drives broader ecosystem functionality and resilience. We highlight the need to carefully consider the type and timing of inoculations and to ensure compatibility between the inoculum and recipient site characteristics to optimize the establishment of introduced species. While tree productivity is often a central focus of afforestation efforts, the restoration of soil biodiversity, which will also contribute to increased ecosystem‐level functions, should also be a priority for long‐term forest resilience. Agricultural legacies add complexities to the restoration process, creating unique challenges that need to be addressed in restoration planning. Thus, successful inoculation strategies require a thorough understanding of both donor and recipient site characteristics, also in relation to potential mismatches related to soil physiochemical properties to avoid unintended consequences such as the non‐establishment of introduced species. Additionally, we call for the re‐evaluation of afforestation targets and the development of standardized monitoring protocols that track the success of inoculation efforts, particularly regarding soil health, microbial community establishment, and biodiversity recovery. By integrating inoculation practices within a broader restoration framework, we can enhance the resilience, biodiversity, and ecosystem functionality of newly afforested landscapes. Ultimately, this approach may play a critical role in ensuring the success of large‐scale afforestation projects.
Glocal Capitalist Class: How Same‐Nation Interlocks Facilitate Transnational Corporate Political Unity in Global Environmental Politics
Authors: Kaplan Rami , Marantz Erez Aharon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTElite theorists assume that transnational capitalist class unity is facilitated through transnational elite spaces and networks. We argue for a more glocal notion of transnational unification that highlights the role of same‐nation networks of interlocking directorates linking major transnational corporations (TNCs) in disseminating corporate political behaviours on a global scale. The same‐nation elite networks are effective mechanisms of transnational unity because their members, whom we call ‘glocal interlockers’, are at once socialized into the global system and influential figures in their national TNC communities. Empirically, we analyze how interlocking directorates among the world's largest 189 TNCs facilitated the worldwide adoption of private environmental practices in the period 2006–2013, in the context of TNCs’ mobilization to preempt an intergovernmental regulatory regime on climate change by promoting a global governance privatization agenda. We find that firms’ level of centrality in glocal interlocks networks explained their levels of private environmental practices adoption, while their centrality in the transnational inner circle of cross‐border interlockers did not. These results suggest that the persistence of local elite formations can enable rather than hinder transnational corporate unity.
Modulation of the Oxygenation State and Intracellular pH of Erythrocytes by Inositol‐Trispyrophosphate Investigated by 31P NMR Study of 2,3‐DPG
Authors: Koj Sabina , Niedziela Tomasz , Rossowska Joanna , Schmitt Jean‐Louis , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Nicolau Claude , Kieda Claudine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe hypoxic microenvironment is crucial for tumour cell growth and invasiveness. Tumour tissue results from adaptation to reduced oxygen availability. Hypoxia first activates pro‐angiogenic signals for alleviation. Pathologic, tumour angiogenesis maintains hypoxia, impairing treatment outcomes. Vessel normalisation requires physioxia. Oxygen delivery by red blood cell (RBC) carrying haemoglobin (Hb) is enhanced by myo‐inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), an effector of oxygen transport by RBCs. Altering glycolytic activity, it lowers intracellular pH and increases oxygen release from Hb. 31P NMR tracking of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), allosteric effector of Hb and non‐penetrating anion in RBCs, reports on erythrocytes internal environment. 31P resonances of 2,3‐DPG are pH‐sensitive, their positions indicate the oxygenation state of RBCs and interactions with effectors such as ITPP. Here we show in vitro and in vivo, that modifying Hb activity through band‐3 anion transporter, ITPP enhances oxygen release and controls RBC internal pH. Its blood availability validates applicability of ITPP‐based strategies.
Experiences of Intern Nurses Returning From Distance Education to Clinical Practice During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dülgerler Şeyda , Demirkol Hacer , Yılmaz Gülay , Engin Esra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleThe present study aimed to understand the experiences of intern nurses returning to clinical practice after a year‐long distance education during the pandemic.MethodsThe study was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method. The participants were 32 intern nurses. The data included specific narratives on the experience of intern nurses returning from distance education to clinical practice during the pandemic. Data were collected through a total of four focus group interviews. Data analysis was conducted using an inductive qualitative analysis approach.ResultsThe content analysis identified three main categories. The category ‘Feelings during Clinical Practice’ included the subcategories ‘fear’, ‘uncertainty’ and ‘intolerance’. The category ‘Challenges during Clinical Practice’ included the subcategories ‘sleep problems’, ‘alienation from clinical placement’, ‘lack of knowledge and experience’, ‘hospital staff’, ‘difficulty reaching nurse educator’ and ‘lack of protective equipment’. The category ‘Suggestions for Clinical Practice’ included the subcategories ‘psychological support’, ‘case discussion and academic counselling’ and ‘protective equipment support’.ConclusionsThe study revealed that intern nurses faced various challenges in clinical settings following their year‐long distance education. The results may help nurse educators understand the experiences of intern nurses returning to clinical practice after a year‐long distance education and determine the teaching strategies to be followed in specific situations like pandemics in the future.
Models of Care for Older People: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dadich Ann , Lan Angela , Shanmugarajan Suhasini , Childs Sarah , Alford Jennifer , Chróinín Danielle Ní 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundInternational recognition of the increasing importance of care for older people has seen growing interest in models of care for older people. Yet there is limited information about the scope and breadth of models of care for older people. This article clarifies what is known about models of care for older people by summarizing relevant publications, describing the models depicted in these publications, and synthesizing the outcomes and impact presented in the publications.MethodA scoping review was conducted that involved searching multiple databases to identify relevant publications, published in English, which presented a model of care for older people—specifically, non‐Indigenous people aged ≥ 65 years and/or Indigenous people aged ≥ 50 years; and included evidence, broadly defined, about the utility or otherwise of the model. Commentaries, narrative letters, editorials, and reviews were excluded.ResultsFrom 21,767 publications, 276 were deemed relevant. From these, four key findings are apparent. First, models of care for older people are understood in disparate ways and are typically devoid of clear stepwise guidance. Second, most of the publications reported on a multidisciplinary approach. Third, they generally failed to involve carers. Fourth, very few publications reported on studies conducted in a rural area, and none involved Indigenous people.ConclusionGiven the heterogeneity and breadth of models of care for older people, further research is needed to establish: a definition of a model of care for older people; reporting standards; the factors that help or hinder their effectiveness; how to ensure carer involvement; and how to adapt models of care for older people for priority populations.
Knowledge development of empowerment in nursing research: A bibliometric analysis using reference publication year spectroscopy
Authors: Yesilbas Hande , Kantek Filiz , Aytur Ozen Tangul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimThis bibliometric study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the history of empowerment in nursing using Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS).MethodsDescriptive and bibliometric analyses were conducted. The study is based on 762 publications from 1983 to 2024, with 14,582 cited references in the Web of Science. The reference publication period was divided into three sub‐periods, with a total of 17 peaks identified: four from the first period (earliest to 1980), six from the second (1981–2000), and seven from the last period (2001–2024). Data analysis was performed using RPYS with the CRExplorer.ResultsTen significant historical root publications, dating back to 1859, were identified, focusing on leadership, professionalism, social psychology, and philosophy of education. The earliest roots are linked to Florence Nightingale. In the recent period, there was a greater number of nursing‐based root publications cited.ConclusionThis study is the first to identify the origins of influential nursing empowerment publications using RPYS. The earliest publications referenced in nursing empowerment literature originate from nursing. The RPYS proved to be a valuable approach for analyzing the historical roots of knowledge in nursing empowerment.
Loneliness‐associated factors among older adults: Focus on friendship type and number of friends
Authors: Inoue Yuriko , Hamada Hironobu , Nakatani Hisae , Ono Ichie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimLoneliness among older people is prevalent. Few studies have examined the association of loneliness with the type of friendship and number of friends. This study aimed to clarify the loneliness‐related factors among older adults by gender focusing on the type of friendship and number of friends.MethodsAn anonymous, self‐administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 1610 older adults in Japan. The questionnaire included basic characteristics, health status used by the self‐administered dementia checklist, type of friendship and number of friends evaluated by the Lubben Social Network Scale, and loneliness evaluated using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Univariate analysis was performed with loneliness as the dependent variable, and multiple logistic regression analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of 1082 older adults were included for analysis. The loneliness rate was 16.8%. Regarding the type of friendship and number of friends, having <3 close friends to call on for help (tangible aid) was most associated with loneliness (men odds ratio [OR]: 2.88, women OR: 3.10). Higher awareness of the participants of subjective symptoms of dementia was proportionally related to loneliness (men, OR: 3.06; women, OR: 2.40). Among women, economic insecurity (OR: 1.68), subjective health (OR: 2.12), having <3 friends with whom they feel easy to talk about private matters (emotional support) were related to loneliness (OR: 2.38).ConclusionThe results suggested that the type of friendship and number of friends, economic insecurity, and health status might be associated with loneliness among older adults. Several factors related to loneliness might differ by gender.