bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contribution to Porogramme (Polyporaceae, Agaricomycetes) and related genera
Authors: Mao Wei-Lin , Wu Ying-Da , Liu Hong-Gao , Yuan Yuan , Dai Yu-Cheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe polypores with shallow pores from tropical Asia and America are studied. Our molecular phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) demonstrates six clades are formed among Porogramme and related genera. Two new genera, Cyanoporus and Pseudogrammothele, are established, and the six clades represent Porogramme, Cyanoporus, Grammothele, Epithele, Theleporus, and Pseudogrammothele, respectively. The molecular clock analyses estimate the divergence times of the six clades based on a dataset (ITS + LSU + TEF1 + RPB1 + RPB2), and we recognize the mean stem ages of the six genera are earlier than 50 Mya. Three new species in Porogramme were morphologically and phylogenetically confirmed, and they are described as P. austroasiana, P. cylindrica, and P. yunnanensis. Phylogenetic analysis shows that type species of Tinctoporellus and Porogramme are nested in the same clade, and Tinctoporellus is treated as a synonym of Porogramme. Based on our phylogeny, twelve new combinations are proposed, and the differences between the new species and similar or related species are discussed.
Evaluating the Time Toxicity of Cancer Treatment in the CCTG CO.17 Trial
Authors: Gupta Arjun , O'Callaghan Christopher J. , Zhu Liting , Jonker Derek J. , Wong Ralph P.W. , Colwell Bruce , Moore Malcolm J. , Karapetis Christos S. , Tebbutt Niall C. , Shapiro Jeremy D. , Tu Dongsheng , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:The time spent in pursuing treatments for advanced cancer can be substantial. We have previously proposed a pragmatic and patient-centered metric of these time costs—which we term time toxicity—as any day with physical health care system contact. This includes outpatient visits (eg, bloodwork, scans, etc), emergency department visits, and overnight stays in a health care facility. Herein, we sought to assess time toxicity in a completed randomized controlled trial (RCT).METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of the Canadian Cancer Trials Group CO.17 RCT that evaluated weekly cetuximab infusions versus supportive care alone in 572 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Initial results reported a 6-week improvement in median overall survival (OS) with cetuximab (6.1 v 4.6 months). Subsequent analyses reported that benefit was restricted to patients with K-ras wild-type tumors. We calculated patient-level time toxicity by analyzing trial forms. We considered days without health care contact as home days. We compared medians of time measures across arms and stratified results by K-ras status.RESULTS:In the overall population, median time toxic days were higher in the cetuximab arm (28 v 10, P < .001) although median home days were not statistically different between arms (140 v 121, P = .09). In patients with K-ras–mutated tumors, cetuximab was associated with almost numerically equal home days (114 days v 112 days, P = .571) and higher time toxicity (23 days v 11 days, P < .001). In patients with K-ras wild-type tumors, cetuximab was associated with more home days (186 v 132, P < .001).CONCLUSION:This proof-of-concept feasibility study demonstrates that measures of time toxicity can be extracted through secondary analyses of RCTs. In CO.17, despite an overall OS benefit with cetuximab, home days were statistically similar across arms. Such data can supplement traditional survival end points in RCTs. Further work should refine and validate the measure prospectively. [Media: see text]
Current Pubertal Development in Chinese Children and the Impact of Overnutrition, Lifestyle, and Perinatal Factors
Authors: Liang Xinyi , Huang Ke , Dong Guangping , Chen Ruimin , Chen Shaoke , Zheng Rongxiu , Wang Chunlin , Wei Haiyan , Cao Bingyan , Liang Yan , Yao Hui , Su Zhe , Maimaiti Mireguli , Luo Feihong , Li Pin , Zhu Min , Du Hongwei , Yang Yu , Cui Lanwei , Si Shuting , Bai Guannan , Yu Yunxian , Wang Er-Gang , Hofman Paul L , Fu Junfen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Age of pubertal onset has been decreasing in many countries but there have been no data on pubertal development in Chinese children over the last decade.

Objective
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the current status of sexual maturation in Chinese children and adolescents. Secondary objectives were to examine socioeconomic, lifestyle, and auxological associations with pubertal onset.

Methods
In this national, cross-sectional, community-based health survey, a multistage, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select a nationally representative sample, consisting of 231 575 children and adolescents (123 232 boys and 108 343 girls) between 2017 and 2019. Growth parameters and pubertal staging were assessed by physical examination.

Results
Compared to 10 years previously, the median age of Tanner 2 breast development and menarche were similar at 9.65 years and 12.39 years respectively. However, male puberty occurred earlier with a median age of testicular volume ≥4 mL of 10.65 years. Pubertal onset did occur earlier at the extremes, with 3.3% of the girls with breast development at 6.5-6.99 years old, increasing to 5.8% by 7.5-7.99 years old. Early pubertal onset was also noted in boys, with a testicular volume ≥ 4 mL noted in 1.5% at 7.5-7.99 years, increasing to 3.5% at 8.5-8.99 years old. Obesity and overweight increased risk of developing earlier puberty relative to normal weight in both boys and girls.

Conclusion
Over the past decade, pubertal development is occurring earlier in Chinese children. While the cause is multifactorial, overweight and obesity are associated with earlier puberty onset. The currently used normative pubertal data of precocious puberty may not be applicable to diagnose precocious puberty.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Dei Cas Alessandra , Aldigeri Raffaella , Mantovani Alessandro , Masulli Maria , Palmisano Luisa , Cavalot Franco , Bonomo Katia , Baroni Marco Giorgio , Cossu Efisio , Cavallo Gisella , Cimini Flavia Agata , Buzzetti Raffaella , Mignogna Carmen , Leonetti Frida , Bacci Simonetta , Trevisan Roberto , Morieri Mario Luca , Pollis Riccardo Maria , Targher Giovanni , Vigili de Kreutzenberg Saula 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContextPatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than the general population.ObjectiveThis observational study aims to evaluate sex-related differences in CVD prevalence and CVD risk estimates in a large cohort of T1D adults.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study involving 2041 patients with T1D (mean age 46 years; 44.9% women). In patients without pre-existing CVD (primary prevention), we used the Steno type 1 risk engine to estimate the 10-year risk of developing CVD events.ResultsCVD prevalence (n = 116) was higher in men than in women aged ≥55 years (19.2 vs 12.8%, P = .036), but comparable between the 2 sexes in those aged &lt;55 years (P = .91). In patients without pre-existing CVD (n = 1925), mean 10-year estimated CVD risk was 15.4 ± 0.4% without any significant sex difference. However, stratifying this patient group by age, the 10-year estimated CVD risk was significantly higher in men than in women until age 55 years (P &lt; .001), but this risk equalized after this age. Carotid artery plaque burden was significantly associated with age ≥55 years and with a medium and high 10-year estimated CVD risk, without any significant sex difference. Diabetic retinopathy and sensory–motor neuropathy were also associated with higher 10-year CVD risk and female sex.ConclusionBoth men and women with T1D are at high CVD risk. The 10-year estimated CVD risk was higher in men aged &lt;55 years than in women of similar age, but these sex differences disappeared at age ≥55 years, suggesting that female sex was no longer protective.
Advances in the Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: Are we Moving Forward?
Authors: Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Anton-Pascual Beatriz , Modrego Andrea , del Carmen Riesco-Martinez Maria , Lens-Pardo Alberto , Carretero-Puche Carlos , Rubio-Cuesta Beatriz , Soldevilla Beatriz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms of challenging clinical management. A small proportion of patients with early-stage disease may achieve long-term survival, but the majority of patients present with rapidly lethal metastatic disease. Current standard of care still follows the treatment paradigm of small cell lung cancer, a far more common G3 neuroendocrine neoplasm, although emerging molecular and clinical data increasingly question this approach. In this article, we will briefly summarize epidemiology and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas to emphasize the very low incidence, aggressive nature, and orphan status of this tumor entity. We will also discuss the current pathological classification and its limitations, as well as recent data on their differential biological background compared with small cell lung cancer, and its potential implications for patients care. Then, we will review the standard of care of systemic therapy, basically focused on platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy, including some recent randomized trials providing evidence regarding efficacy of irinotecan vs etoposide platinum doublets. Finally, we will present a comprehensive overview of novel therapeutic strategies in current clinical development, including recently reported data on immunotherapy, tumor-agnostic therapies (microsatellite instability, high tumor mutational burden, NTRK and RET gene fusions, BRAF or KRAS inhibitors), and additional treatment strategies targeting other tumor vulnerabilities (ie, Notch pathway, novel targets for radioligand therapy), and provide some insights regarding unmet needs and future perspectives to improve patient's care and prognosis.
Menopause Transition: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation on Muscle Size and Quality
Authors: SMITH-RYAN ABBIE E. , HIRSCH KATIE R. , CABRE HANNAH E. , GOULD LACEY M. , GORDON AMANDA N. , FERRANDO ARNY A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The menopause transition yields significant physiological alterations. The purpose was to characterize lean soft tissue (LST), muscle size (muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA)), muscle quality (echo intensity (EI)), and strength across the menopause transition. A secondary aim was to evaluate whole-body protein turnover in a subsample of women.

Methods
Seventy-two healthy women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study based on menopause stage (PRE: n = 24; PERI: n = 24; POST: n = 24). Whole-body LST was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and muscle characteristics (mCSA and EI) were measured via B-mode ultrasound of the vastus lateralis. Maximal voluntary contractions (N·m) of the knee extensors were evaluated. Physical activity (in minutes per day) was accounted for using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A subsample of women (n = 27) ingested 2.0 g of 15N-alanine to determine whole-body net protein balance (NB; in grams per kilogram of body mass per day).

Results
Significant differences were evident in LST (P = 0.022), leg LST (P = 0.05), and EI (P = 0.018) between menopause stages. Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons revealed greater LST in PRE versus PERI (mean difference (MD) ± SE, 3.8 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.048) and POST (3.9 ± 1.5 lb; P = 0.049). Similarly, EI was significantly higher in PERI PRE (MD, 18.3 ± 7.1 a.u.; P = 0.036). There was no significant difference in mCSA (P = 0.082) or in maximal voluntary contraction (P = 0.167). NB was significantly different across groups (P = 0.026); NB was greater in PRE compared with PERI (MD, 0.39 ± 0.17 g·kg−1; P = 0.090), and from PRE to POST (MD, 0.46 ± 0.17 g·kg−1; P = 0.042). Physical activity was not significantly different across groups but demonstrated a linear increase from PRE to POST.

Conclusions
The current findings suggest that LST, muscle quality, and protein balance may be negatively influenced by the menopause transition.
Variation in maternal mortality in Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia: A population based cross sectional household survey
Authors: Kea Aschenaki Zerihun , Lindtjorn Bernt , Gebretsadik Achamyelesh , Hinderaker Sven Gudmund 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Maternal mortality studies conducted at national level do not provide information needed for planning and monitoring health programs at lower administrative levels. The aim of this study was to measure maternal mortality, identify risk factors and district level variations in Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross sectional population-based survey was carried in households where women reported pregnancy and birth outcomes in the past five years. The study was conducted in the Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia, from July 2019 to May 2020. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed. The outcome variable of the study was maternal mortality. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was applied to assess variables independently associated with maternal mortality.

Results
We registered 10602 live births (LB) and 48 maternal deaths yielding the overall maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 419; 95% CI: 260–577 per 100,000 LB. Aroresa district had the highest MMR with 1142 (95% CI: 693–1591) per 100,000 LB. Leading causes of death were haemorrhage 21 (41%) and eclampsia 10 (27%). Thirty (59%) mothers died during labour or within 24 hours after delivery, 25 (47%) died at home and 17 (38%) at health facility. Mothers who did not have formal education had higher risk of maternal death (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.7–11.0). The risk of maternal death was higher in districts with low midwife to population ratio (AOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.0–8.9).

Conclusion
The high maternal mortality with district level variations in Sidama Region highlights the importance of improving obstetric care and employing targeted interventions in areas with high mortality rates. Due attention should be given to improving access to female education. Additional midwives have to be trained and deployed to improve maternal health services and consequently save the life of mothers.
Gender and urban–rural residency based differences in the prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus and its determinants among adults in Naghadeh: Results of IraPEN survey
Authors: Ghassab-Abdollahi Nafiseh , Nadrian Haidar , Pishbin Kobra , Shirzadi Shayesteh , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Saadati Fatemeh , Moradi Mohammad Sanyar , Azar Pouria Sefidmooye , Zhianfar Leila 
Published: March 2023

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, with a high economic burden on health care systems. Since gender and residency can affect people’s lifestyle and health behaviors, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of T2DM and its determinants by gender and residency.

Methods
A secondary analysis study was conducted on the survey data of the IraPEN (Iran’s Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease) pilot program conducted in 2017 in Naghadeh County, Iran. Data of 3,691 participants aged 30–70 years from rural and urban areas of the County were included into data analysis process. Sociodemographic factors, anthropometric measurements, and cardiovascular risk factors related to T2DM were assessed.

Results
The overall prevalence of T2DM within the population was 13.8%, which was significantly higher among women (15.5%) than men (11.8%), and non-significantly higher in urban (14.5%) areas than rural (12.3%) areas. In both genders, age (male: OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03; P = 0.012; female: OR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; P<0.001), blood pressure (male: OR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13–2.79; P = 0.013; female: OR 2.86, 95% CI: 2.12–3.85; P<0.001), and blood triglycerides (male: OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.11; P = 0.04; female: OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02–1.77; P = 0.035) had a significant relationship with the chance of developing T2DM. Among women, a significant relationship was found between abdominal obesity (OR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17–2.40; P = 0.004) and the chance of developing T2DM. Age (rural: OR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; P<0.001; urban: OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; P<0.001), blood pressure (rural: OR 3.14, 95% CI: 2.0–4.93; P<0.001; urban: OR 2.23, 95% CI: 1.66–3; P<0.001), and abdominal obesity (rural: OR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.41–3.87; P = 0.001; urban: OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06–2.01; P = 0.019), in both rural and urban areas, blood cholesterol (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.07–2.37; P = 0.02) in rural areas, and blood triglycerides (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.16–1.98; P = 0.002) in urban areas were significant predictors of T2DM.

Conclusion
Given the higher prevalence of T2DM among females, risk reduction strategies at the community level should be more targeted at women. The higher prevalence of T2DM risk factors among the urban population is a wake-up call for policymakers to pay more attention to the consequences of unhealthy and sedentary lifestyles within urban communities. Future actions should be focused on appropriate timely action plans for the prevention and control of T2DM from early years of life.
Joint modeling of longitudinal change in pulse rate and survival time of heart failure patients treated at Arbaminch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Anjullo Belay Belete , Kumaso Sebisibe Kusse , Erango Markos Abiso 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHeart failure is a chronic progressive disease in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s need. It is a severe health problem around the world with high re-hospitalization and death rates. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with longitudinal change of pulse rate and survival time to death of congestive heart failure patients treated at Arba Minch General Hospital.MethodsA retrospective study design was undertaken on congestive heart failure patients admitted to the Arba Minch General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. Data was collected from a total of 199 patients. After evaluating the longitudinal data with a linear mixed model and the survival time to death data with cox proportional model, Bayesian joint model of both sub models was fitted in R software using JMbayes2 package.ResultsFindings from Bayesian joint model revealed that the estimated value for the association parameter was positive and statistically significant. This indicates that there is significant evidence of an association between the mean longitudinal change of pulse rate and the risk of death. Weight of patients at baseline, gender, chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association classification, diabetes, tuberculosis, pneumonia and family history were statistically significant factors associated with mean evolution of pulse rate of congestive heart failure patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction, etiology of congestive heart failure, type of congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, smoking, family history, alcohol and diabetes were found to be statistically significant factors associated with survival time to death.ConclusionTo reduce the risk level, health professionals should give attention to congestive heart failure patients with high pulse rate, co-morbidities of chronic kidney disease, tuberculosis, diabetic, smoking status, family history, and pneumonia in the study area.
Personalized Antiviral Drug Selection in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Using a Machine Learning Model: A Multinational Study
Authors: Hur Moon Haeng , Park Min Kyung , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Chen Chien-Hung , Lee Hyung-Chul , Choi Won-Mook , Kim Seung Up , Lim Young-Suk , Park Soo Young , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Sinn Dong Hyun , Jin Young-Joo , Kim Sung Eun , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Shin Hyun Phil , Chen Chi-Yi , Kim Hwi Young , Lee Han Ah , Seo Yeon Seok , Jun Dae Won , Yoon Eileen L. , Sohn Joo Hyun , Ahn Sang Bong , Shim Jae-Jun , Jeong Soung Won , Cho Yong Kyun , Kim Hyoung Su , Jang Myoung-jin , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Lee Jeong-Hoon 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is reportedly superior or at least comparable to entecavir (ETV) for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B; however, it has distinct long-term renal and bone toxicities. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model (designated as Prediction of Liver cancer using Artificial intelligence-driven model for Network–antiviral Selection for hepatitis B [PLAN-S]) to predict an individualized risk of HCC during ETV or TDF therapy.

METHODS:
This multinational study included 13,970 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The derivation (n = 6,790), Korean validation (n = 4,543), and Hong Kong–Taiwan validation cohorts (n = 2,637) were established. Patients were classified as the TDF-superior group when a PLAN-S-predicted HCC risk under ETV treatment is greater than under TDF treatment, and the others were defined as the TDF-nonsuperior group.

RESULTS:
The PLAN-S model was derived using 8 variables and generated a c-index between 0.67 and 0.78 for each cohort. The TDF-superior group included a higher proportion of male patients and patients with cirrhosis than the TDF-nonsuperior group. In the derivation, Korean validation, and Hong Kong–Taiwan validation cohorts, 65.3%, 63.5%, and 76.4% of patients were classified as the TDF-superior group, respectively. In the TDF-superior group of each cohort, TDF was associated with a significantly lower risk of HCC than ETV (hazard ratio = 0.60–0.73, all P < 0.05). In the TDF-nonsuperior group, however, there was no significant difference between the 2 drugs (hazard ratio = 1.16–1.29, all P > 0.1).

DISCUSSION:
Considering the individual HCC risk predicted by PLAN-S and the potential TDF-related toxicities, TDF and ETV treatment may be recommended for the TDF-superior and TDF-nonsuperior groups, respectively.
Force Computation for Dielectrics Using Shape Calculus
Authors: Panchal Piyush , Ren Ning , Hiptmair Ralf 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We are concerned with the numerical computation of electrostatic forces/torques in only piece-wise homogeneous materials using the boundary element method (BEM).
Conventional force formulas based on the Maxwell stress tensor yield functionals that fail to be continuous on natural trace spaces.
Thus their use in conjunction with BEM incurs slow convergence and low accuracy.
We employ the remedy discovered in [P. Panchal and R. Hiptmair,
Electrostatic force computation with boundary element methods,
SMAI J. Comput. Math.
8 (2022), 49–74].
Motivated by the virtual work principle which is interpreted using techniques of shape calculus, and using the adjoint method from shape optimization, we derive stable interface-based force functionals suitable for use with BEM.
This is done in the framework of single-trace direct boundary integral equations for second-order transmission problems.
Numerical tests confirm the fast asymptotic convergence and superior accuracy of the new formulas for the computation of total forces and torques.