bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating climate change impact on the hydrology of Kessie Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Amognehegn Asnake Enawgaw , Nigussie Asmare Belay , Ayalew Dessalegn Worku , Abera Fikru F. , Ayana Mihret 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change affects ecosystems, agriculture, human health, forestry, and water resource availability. This study is mainly aimed at assessing the climate change effect on the water resources of the Kessie Watershed in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. The updated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP-6) data outputs were used. The three climate model outputs: ACESS_ESM1-5, FGOALS_g3, and GFDL_ESM4 with two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) scenarios, were used. The climate model output rainfall and temperature data were downscaled to the station level through bias correction. The catchment hydrology was represented by the SWAT—Soil and Water Assessment Tool—through calibration and validation. Future temperatures and rainfall change were evaluated by the Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator. Future climate change trend analysis and streamflow simulation were done on two time horizons: the 2050s (2041–2070) and the 2080s (2071–2100). The baseline streamflow data (1985–2014) were used as a reference. The global climate model projection data indicated mean annual precipitation and temperatures show a slight increase for the future in both scenarios for all climate model outputs. According to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively, mean annual precipitation is expected to increase by 5% and 4.89% in the 2050s and 10.13% and 6.8% in the 2080s based on ACCESS_ESM1-5; 4.7% and 3.8% in the 2050s and 4.3% and 4.84% in the 2080s based on FGOALS_g3; and 4.67% and 3.81% in the 2050s and 4.67% and 3.81% based on GFDL_ESM4 models data. Yearly average maximum temperature may increase by 3.62 °C and 1.87 °C in the 2050s and 3.31 °C and 2.99 °C in the 2080s based on ACCESS ESM1-5, 1.76 °C and 1.25 °C in the 2050s and 3.44 °C and 2.61 °C in the 2080s based on FGOALS-g3, and 2.15 °C and 3.83 °C in the 2050s and 1.37 °C and 2.66 °C in the 2080s based on GFDL-ESM4 model data. Similarly, the mean annual minimum temperature is also expected to increase by 2.73 °C and 1.90 °C in the 2050s and 5.63 °C and 4.52 °C in the 2080s based on ACCESS ESM1-5, 3.04 °C and 2.43 °C in the 2050s and 3.55 °C and 4.36 °C in the 2080s based on FGOALS-g3, and 2.31 °C and 3.29 °C in the 2050s, and 3.16 °C and 3.87 °C in the 2080s based on GFDL-ESM4 model data. The streamflow is also expected to increase. In the 2050s, simulated annual streamflow is expected to increase from 12.1 to 21.8% and 9.8 to 15.4% in SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively, whereas in the 2080s, the change is expected to increase from 15.14 to 24.08% and 13.08 to 41% in SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Future water resource potential of the case study watershed seems able to support irrigation and other projects.
Healthy Foods, Healthy Diets, and Healthy Eating: Beyond Ethics and Political Philosophy
Authors: Borghini Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHealthy Eating Policy and Political Philosophy: A Public Reason Approach by Barnhill and Bonotti is a terrific effort to provide a systematic method for appraising the ethical aspects, broadly understood, of regulations and policies connected to food, diet, and eating. In this commentary I purport to highlight the originality and the merits of the volume by considering what it doesn’t accomplish in three of its parts. I first call attention to the specific construction of the subject matter, namely on the question whether to be at stake are eating behaviors, dietary patterns, or certain food items; while Barnhill and Bonotti do not problematize it, this question is arguably pivotal to design effective policies and to adequately assess them. Second, I discuss the technical concept of “constitutive evaluative standards,” used by Barnhill and Bonotti to lay out their view, as this part of their work calls for an alignment with research on the philosophy of nutritional science and, more generally, philosophy of science. Finally, I take up the technical concept of “accessible reason,” which plays a central role in ascribing the public status to reasons, advocating for a more thorough determination of this concept based on recent work in epistemology.
Structural Analysis of the Evolution Mechanism of Online Public Opinion and its Development Stages Based on Machine Learning and Social Network Analysis
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Wu Xianwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInternet public opinion is a complex and changeable system, and its trend development is characterized by explosive, evolutionary uncertainty, concealment and interactivity due to the participation of the vast number of Internet users. Today, with the rapid development of network information technology, public opinion has an increasing influence on the stable development of society. Computational intelligence is the frontier field of artificial intelligence development, and computational intelligence is used to mine and analyze public opinion text information and study the evolution of online public opinion. This paper uses the Changchun Changsheng Vaccine Incident as an example, and the netizens’ degree of attention to emergency-related keyword searches in the Baidu Index as a descriptive variable for the development of network public opinion. After applying the optimal segmentation algorithm, the development of public opinion is divided into phases. On this basis, a social network analysis is adopted to analyze the spatial and topological structure of each phase of network public opinion, using data from the Sina Weibo platform. Based on optimal segmentation, the development of network public opinion of the Changchun Changsheng Vaccine Incident can be divided into four phases, namely latent, spreading, control, and stable; each phase has different spatial and topological characteristics. Corresponding policy suggestions on network public opinion governance are put forward for each phase.
Numerical Simulation by Using the Spectral Collocation Method for Williamson Nanofluid Flow Over an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Slip Velocity
Authors: Khader M. M. , Babatin M. M. , Megahed Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current research examines the rate of heat and mass transfer in MHD non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid flow across an exponentially permeable stretched surface sensitive to heat generation/absorption and mass suction. The influences of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are included. In addition, the stretched surface is subjected to an angled outside magnetic field. This study incorporates the variable viscosity, viscous dissipation, and slip velocity. The fundamental rules of motion and heat transmission have been constructed mathematically to fit the current flow problem. By using appropriate self-similarity transformations, the supplied system of PDEs is transformed into a nonlinear system of ODEs. Here, we use the spectral collocation method with the help of Vieta-Lucas polynomials approximation. This procedure converts the present model to a system of algebraic equations which is developed as a constrained optimization problem, which is then optimized to get the solution and the unknown coefficients. Calculations are made for the skin friction, wall temperature gradient, and wall concentration gradient. By comparing our findings in some special cases to those in the literature, a review of the literature confirms the results described here.
Data collaborations at a local scale: Lessons learnt in Rennes (2010–2021)
Authors: Chignard Simon , Glatron Marion 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Data sharing is a requisite for developing data-driven innovation and collaboration at the local scale. This paper aims to identify key lessons and recommendations for building trustworthy data governance at the local scale, including the public and private sectors. Our research is based on the experience gained in Rennes Metropole since 2010 and focuses on two thematic use cases: culture and energy. For each one, we analyzed how the power relations between actors and the local public authority shape the modalities of data sharing and exploitation. The paper will elaborate on challenges and opportunities at the local level, in perspective with the national and European frameworks.
Evaluating probabilistic forecasts for maritime engineering operations
Authors: Astfalck Lachlan , Bertolacci Michael , Cripps Edward 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaritime engineering relies on model forecasts for many different processes, including meteorological and oceanographic forcings, structural responses, and energy demands. Understanding the performance and evaluation of such forecasting models is crucial in instilling reliability in maritime operations. Evaluation metrics that assess the point accuracy of the forecast (such as root-mean-squared error) are commonplace, but with the increased uptake of probabilistic forecasting methods such evaluation metrics may not consider the full forecasting distribution. The statistical theory of proper scoring rules provides a framework in which to score and compare competing probabilistic forecasts, but it is seldom appealed to in applications. This translational paper presents the underlying theory and principles of proper scoring rules, develops a simple panel of rules that may be used to robustly evaluate the performance of competing probabilistic forecasts, and demonstrates this with an application to forecasting surface winds at an asset on Australia’s North–West Shelf. Where appropriate, we relate the statistical theory to common requirements by maritime engineering industry. The case study is from a body of work that was undertaken to quantify the value resulting from an operational forecasting product and is a clear demonstration of the downstream impacts that statistical and data science methods can have in maritime engineering operations.
The Logic of Measurement: A Defense of Foundationalist Empiricism
Authors: Thalos Mariam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Practitioners of science treat evidence as a separate and objective body of materials that is independent of, and possibly also prior to, all of theorizing. Philosophers of science, by contrast, are increasingly wary of the role of theory in testing and measurement contexts, and hence have problematized the notion of evidence as prior or independent, even in the context of measurement. This paper argues that there is an important sense in which empirical certification of a quantity, via measurement, is indeed prior to theorizing, albeit not necessarily in order of time. The case for this priority distinguishes between the certification of the measurability of a given quantity, as a quantity appropriately measured on a specified scale, and the epistemic warrant due to an assignment of a specific magnitude to that quantity on a given occasion. The result is an account of the certification of a measurable quantity, independent of any theory in which that quantity features. The effect is to render certification of quantities theory-neutral. The aim of the essay is thus to bolster and re-establish a more nuanced empiricist view, via building a case for quantity certification as the epistemic basis (i.e., foundation) of the scientific enterprise.
Engaging with the Failures of Racial Empathy
Authors: Sandoval Ashlie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the face of media attention that has recently spotlighted police brutality, racialized COVID-19 deaths, and the renewed visibility of white-supremacy groups, scholars, tech entrepreneurs, and media pundits are calling for an increase in empathy, claiming that it may move white and non-Black people of color beyond feelings of pity to dismantling anti-Black racism. However, in the context of anti-Blackness, is racial empathy possible? And what can we expect from it? Examining philosophical critiques of empathy's capabilities by philosophers and scholars engaged in feminist philosophy and Black studies, alongside Heidi Maibom's four-part definition of empathy, I focus on what empathy's limitations might tell us about the emotional and material structures that prevent empathy from achieving the results its advocates often hope for. I argue that the feelings of racial empathy, which may activate in empathy-inducing activities, may instead paradoxically point to the very anti-Black psychological structures that prevent empathetic action. I also contend that the feelings of racial empathy do not themselves undo the relations of anti-Blackness, but tracing the racism implicit in their activation may serve as a self-reflexive tool, an ongoing process, for understanding how anti-Blackness has shaped one's sense of self, embodied awareness, and lifeworld.
THE NORTH BRITON NO. 45 AND THE DOCTRINAL ORIGINS OF EXEMPLARY DAMAGES
Authors: Sinanis Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe companion 1763 tort cases of Huckle v Money and Wilkes v Wood hold a mythical status in the Anglo-American common law imagination. Few modern accounts of the doctrinal origins of exemplary (or punitive) damages omit reference to them. This article contends that the assumption that these two cases combined to provide damages above and beyond compensation a positive basis at English common law is misconceived. Set back into their historical context, it shows that their true significance is at odds with the decidedly lawmaking significance often ascribed to them by modern judges and scholars alike.
τὸ ἐξαίφνης and Time in Plato's Parmenides
Authors: Khan Asadullah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractI argue, through Heidegger, that the notion of τὸ ἐξαίφνης in the Parmenides does not signify eternity, or a trace of eternity in time, but rather implies a primordial conception of time. In deduction two, the relationship between stasis and kinesis becomes problematic due to the notion of τὸ νῦν. This leads Parmenides, in deduction three, to posit the notion of τὸ ἐξαίφνης to solve this problematic relationship, implying a primordial conception of time.
Investigating association between inflammatory bowel disease and rotavirus vaccination in a paediatric cohort in the UK
Authors: Flatt Aidan , Inns Thomas , Fleming Kate M. , Iturriza-Gómara Miren , Hungerford Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the UK, the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in paediatric populations. Environmental factors including acute gastroenteritis episodes (AGE) may impact IBD development. Infant rotavirus vaccination has been shown to significantly reduce AGE. This study aims to explore the association between vaccination with live oral rotavirus vaccines and IBD development. A population-based cohort study was used, analysing primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum. Participants included children born in the UK from 2010 to 2015, followed from a minimum of 6 months old to a maximum of 7 years old. The primary outcome was IBD, and the primary exposure was rotavirus vaccination. Cox regression analysis with random intercepts for general practices was undertaken, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. In a cohort of 907,477 children, IBD was recorded for 96 participants with an incidence rate of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years at risk. The univariable analysis hazard ratio (HR) for rotavirus vaccination was 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–2.28). Adjustment in the multivariable model attenuated the HR to 1.19 (95% CI 0.53–2.69). This study shows no statistically significant association between rotavirus vaccination and development of IBD. However, it provides further evidence for the safety of live rotavirus vaccination.
On the Justified Use of AI Decision Support in Evidence-Based Medicine: Validity, Explainability, and Responsibility
Authors: Holm Sune 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When is it justified to use opaque artificial intelligence (AI) output in medical decision-making? Consideration of this question is of central importance for the responsible use of opaque machine learning (ML) models, which have been shown to produce accurate and reliable diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment suggestions in medicine. In this article, I discuss the merits of two answers to the question. According to the Explanation View, clinicians must have access to an explanation of why an output was produced. According to the Validation View, it is sufficient that the AI system has been validated using established standards for safety and reliability. I defend the Explanation View against two lines of criticism, and I argue that within the framework of evidence-based medicine mere validation seems insufficient for the use of AI output. I end by characterizing the epistemic responsibility of clinicians and point out how a mere AI output cannot in itself ground a practical conclusion about what to do.
Unimodular random one-ended planar graphs are sofic
Authors: Timár Ádám 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove that if a unimodular random graph is almost surely planar and has finite expected degree, then it has a combinatorial embedding into the plane which is also unimodular. This implies the claim in the title immediately by a theorem of Angel, Hutchcroft, Nachmias and Ray [2]. Our unimodular embedding also implies that all the dichotomy results of [2] about unimodular maps extend in the one-ended case to unimodular random planar graphs.
Management of a facial nerve schwannoma with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy: a case report
Authors: Mousli Alia , Ayadi Hadhemi , Yousfi Amani , Abidi Rim , Nasr Chiraz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Neuroma of the facial nerve (NFN) is an extremely rare benign tumour that can involve any segment of the facial nerve. It is revealed by facial weakness with or without hearing loss and has commonly been managed by microsurgery. Our purpose is to systematically review the literature about the role of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) on the treatment of NFN.

Clinical case:
We report the case of a 70-year-old-woman who presented progressively worsening facial paralysis associated with mild conductive hearing loss and dizziness. The multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was very suggestive of an intrapetrous neuroma, centred on the tract of the VII nerve and the left geniculate ganglion. She was treated by FSRT at the dose of 18 Gy in three fractions on the isodose line 80 %. After 18-month follow-up, she reported a facial weakness improvement. The MRI revealed a stable disease.

Conclusion:
The clinical presentation of the schwannoma of the facial nerve depends essentially on its location. It is therefore very variable, ranging from an isolated mild hearing loss to a vestibular syndrome with facial paralysis. Through this observation with literature review, we reported a long-term tumour control with improvement of pre-treatment symptomatology with FSRT.
Observation and Parameterization of Bottom Shear Stress and Sediment Resuspension in a Large Shallow Lake
Authors: Lin S. , Boegman L. , Jabbari A. , Valipour R. , Zhao Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParameterizations for bottom shear stress are required to predict sediment resuspension from field observations and within numerical models that do not resolve flow within the viscous sublayer. This study assessed three observation‐based bottom shear stress (τb) parameterizations, including (a) the sum of surface wave stress and mean current (quadratic) stress (); (b) the log‐law (τb = τL); and (c) the turbulent kinetic energy (τb = τTKE); using 2 years of observations from a large shallow lake. For this system, the parameterizationτb = τw+τcwas sufficient to qualitatively predict resuspension, since bottom currents and surface wave orbitals were the two major processes found to resuspend bottom sediments. However, theτLandτTKEparameterizations also captured the development of a nepheloid layer within the hypolimnion associated with high‐frequency internal waves. Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) equation models parameterizeτbas the summation of modeled current‐induced bottom stress (τc,m) and modeled surface wave‐induced bottom stress (τw,m). The performance of different parameterizations forτw,mandτc,min RANS models was assessed against the observations. The optimal parameterizations yielded root‐mean‐square errors of 0.031 and 0.025 Pa, respectively, whenτw,m, andτc,mwere set using a constant canonical drag coefficient. A RANS‐basedτLparameterization was developed; however, the grid‐averaged modeled dissipation did not always match local observations, leading toO(10) errors in prediction of bottom stress. Turbulence‐based parameterizations should be further developed for application to flows with mean shear‐free boundary turbulence.
Interhemispheric Asymmetry of the Thermospheric Neutral Density Response to the 7–9 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Zhu Qingyu , Lu Gang , Lei Jiuhou , Deng Yue , Doornbos Eelco , van den IJssel Jose , Siemes Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe thermospheric neutral density response to the 7–9 September 2017 storms is investigated based on the Swarm satellite observations and the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamic general circulation model (TIEGCM) simulation. The Swarm data depicted a prominent interhemispheric asymmetry (IHA) in the afternoon sector during the second storm, a feature that was yet explained. Driven by realistic high‐latitude electric potential and electron precipitation patterns, the TIEGCM is able to reproduce the observed storm‐time neutral density response. The TIEGCM simulation reveals that the differences in the traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) is largely responsible for the observed IHA in the neutral mass density response at low and middle latitudes, whereas the difference in mean molecular mass between the two hemispheres may contribute to the IHA in neutral density at higher latitudes. The IHAs in TADs and mean molecular mass are attributed to the IHA in Joule heating dissipation on the night and dawn sides.
The Temperature and Composition of the Mantle Sources of Martian Basalts
Authors: Collinet Max , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Ruedas Thomas , Schwinger Sabrina , Breuer Doris 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe composition of basaltic melts in equilibrium with the mantle can be determined for several Martian meteorites and in‐situ rover analyses. We use the melting model MAGMARS to reproduce these primary melts and estimate the bulk composition and temperature of the mantle regions from which they originated. We find that most mantle sources are depleted in CaO and Al2O3 relative to models of the bulk silicate Mars and likely represent melting residues or magma ocean cumulates. The concentrations of Na2O, K2O, P2O5, and TiO2 are variable and often less depleted, pointing to the re‐fertilization of the sources by fluids and low‐degree melts, or the incorporation of residual trapped melts during the crystallization of the magma ocean. The mantle potential temperatures of the sources are 1400–1500°C, regardless of the time at which they melted and within the range of the most recent predictions from thermochemical evolution models.