bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness of Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Split-Plot Designs with Binary Data
Authors: Bono Roser , Alarcón Rafael , Arnau Jaume , García-Castro F. Javier , Blanca Maria J. 
Published: June 2023

This paper examined the robustness of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The GLMM estimates fixed and random effects, and it is especially useful when the dependent variable is binary. It is also useful when the dependent variable involves repeated measures, since it can model correlation. The present study used Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the empirical Type I error rates of GLMMs in split-plot designs. The variables manipulated were sample size, group size, number of repeated measures, and correlation between repeated measures. Extreme conditions were also considered, including small samples, unbalanced groups, and different correlation in each group (pairing between group size and correlation between repeated measures). For balanced groups, the results showed that the group effect was robust under all conditions, while for unbalanced groups the effect tended to be conservative with positive pairing and liberal with negative pairing. Regarding time and interaction effects, the results showed, for both balanced and unbalanced groups, that: (a) The test was robust with low correlation (.2), but conservative for medium values of correlation (.4 and .6), and (b) the test tended to be conservative for positive and negative pairing, especially the latter.
Este artículo examina la robustez del modelo lineal mixto generalizado (GLMM, por sus siglas en inglés). El GLMM estima efectos fijos y efectos aleatorios y es especialmente útil cuando la variable dependiente es binaria. También es útil cuando la variable dependiente es de medidas repetidas, ya que puede modelar la correlación. El presente estudio utilizó la simulación de Monte Carlo a fin de analizar las tasas de error de Tipo I empíricas de los GLMM en diseños split-plot. Las variables manipuladas fueron el tamaño de muestra, el tamaño de grupo, el número de medidas repetidas y la correlación entre las medidas repetidas. También se consideraron condiciones extremas, tales como muestras pequeñas, grupos no balanceados y diferente correlación en cada grupo (emparejamiento entre tamaño de grupo y correlación entre medidas repetidas). Para grupos balanceados, los resultados mostraron que el efecto grupo era robusto en todas las condiciones, mientras que para grupos no balanceados el efecto tendía a ser conservador con emparejamiento positivo y liberal con emparejamiento negativo. Con respecto a los efectos tiempo e interacción, los resultados mostraron, tanto para grupos balanceados como para no balanceados, que: (a) la prueba fue robusta con baja correlación (.2), ​​pero conservadora para valores medios de correlación (.4 y .6), y (b) la prueba tendía a ser conservadora para emparejamiento positivo y negativo, especialmente en este último.
Las lagunas normativas constitucionales: su integración mediante argumentos lógicos y cuasilógicos
Authors: Ibáñez Macías Antonio 
Published: June 2023

El propósito de este trabajo es explorar las posibilidades de colmar las lagunas normativas constitucionales mediante el uso de argumentos lógicos y cuasilógicos. Para ello, se distingue entre lagunas aparentes y auténticas: las primeras se resuelven mediante inferencias lógicas a partir de normas promulgadas (argumento lógico sistemático, argumento a contrario); en cambio, las lagunas auténticas no se pueden integrar mediante argumentos lógicos, sino, a lo sumo, mediante argumentos cuasilógicos (por analogía, a fortiori, a pari). Para el uso correcto de estos argumentos, se estudia, en general, qué enunciados jurídicos constitucionales pueden ser objeto de interpretación restrictiva y cuáles no.
Dignidad humana e injusticia extrema. Un ejercicio de diálogo de tradiciones en la Filosofía del derecho
Authors: Chávez-Fernández Postigo José Carlos 
Published: June 2023

Partiendo de la idea de «tradición» de MacIntyre y de la tesis de Alexy respecto de que existen concepciones de defensa o crítica de la razón práctica que pueden ser referidas principalmente a Aristóteles, Hobbes, Kant y Nietzsche, el objeto de este trabajo es explorar la posibilidad de un diálogo entre dichas tradiciones en orden a proponer vías razonables de solución para algunos problemas centrales de la Filosofía del derecho que se suscitan en el contexto de la discutida tesis de la conexión necesaria entre derecho y moral. A partir de dos ejemplos estrechamente vinculados: el de la dignidad humana y el de la injusticia extrema, el autor planteará que dicho diálogo de tradiciones es posible. Pero, además, que el diálogo resulta enriquecedor si se encuentran razones suficientes para sostener la existencia y validez de algunos principios jurídicos indisponibles —razonablemente compatibles con la diversidad y la contingencia propia del derecho— sobre la base de una igual dignidad humana. El examen de estas tesis permitirá concluir también que el postpositivismo jurídico enfrenta semejantes o incluso mayores dificultades que el iusnaturalismo para su justificación, y plantear algunos interrogantes a las otras tradiciones.
Assessment of Demographic Changes of Workforce Diversity in Otolaryngology, 2013 to 2022
Authors: Fenton David , Hamzat Ibraheem , Dimitroyannis Rose , Nordgren Rachel , Saunders Milda R. , Baroody Fuad M. , Baird Brandon , Shogan Andrea 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceGiven the growth of minoritized groups in the US and the widening racial and ethnic health disparities, improving diversity remains a proposed solution in the field of otolaryngology. Evaluating current trends in workforce diversity may highlight potential areas for improvement.ObjectiveTo understand the changes in gender, racial, and ethnic diversity in the otolaryngology workforce in comparison with changes in the general surgery and neurosurgery workforces from 2013 to 2022.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Association of American Medical Colleges for 2013 to 2022, and included medical students and trainees in all US medical residency programs and allopathic medical schools.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAverage percentages of women, Black, and Latino trainees during 2 intervals of 5 years (2013-2017 and 2018-2022). Pearson χ2 tests compared demographic information. Normalized ratios were calculated for each demographic group in medical school and residency. Piecewise linear regression assessed linear fit for representation across time periods and compared rates of change.ResultsThe study population comprised 59 865 medical residents (43 931 [73.4%] women; 6203 [10.4%] Black and 9731 [16.2%] Latino individuals; age was not reported). The comparison between the 2 study intervals showed that the proportions of women, Black, and Latino trainees increased in otolaryngology (2.9%, 0.7%, and 1.6%, respectively), and decreased for Black trainees in both general surgery and neurosurgery (−0.4% and −1.0%, respectively). In comparison with their proportions in medical school, Latino trainees were well represented in general surgery, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology (normalized ratios [NRs]: 1.25, 1.06, and 0.96, respectively); however, women and Black trainees remained underrepresented in general surgery, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology (women NRs, 0.76, 0.33, and 0.68; Black NRs, 0.63, 0.61, and 0.29, respectively). The percentage of women, Black, and Latino trainees in otolaryngology all increased from 2020 to 2022 (2.5%, 1.1%, and 1.1%, respectively). Piecewise regression showed positive trends across all 3 specialties.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study indicate a positive direction but only a modest increase of diversity in otolaryngology, particularly in the context of national demographic data. Novel strategies should be pursued to supplement existing efforts to increase diversity in otolaryngology.
Fabrication, Functionalities and Applications of Transparent Wood: A Review
Authors: Hu Xin , Yu Rujun , Wang Faming , Liu Zunfeng , Yang Hongyu , Chen Chaoji , Li Yangling , Noor Nuruzzaman , Fei Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransparent wood (TW)‐based materials have increasingly become the focus of researchers worldwide owing to their superior physico‐chemical‐optical properties, sustainable nature, as well as the fact that they are highly accommodating frameworks that can act as building blocks to readily explore a vast range of potential functionalities, holding great potential to displace glass and plastics in their various respective applications. The integration of multiple functionalities into TW has been undertaken to fulfill the demands of prospective sophisticated applications through the utilization of functional fillers or coatings. Herein, the up‐to‐date foundational developments and reports concerning emergent TW composites and coatings from a perspective of fabrication‐functionality‐application are comprehensively summarized, with a particular focus on seven specific functionalities; i) solar control; ii) chromically‐responsive, iii) electrically‐conductive, iv) shape‐memory active; v) flame‐retardant; vi) electromagnetic interference shielding; and vii) aesthetics. The potential applications of TW with these functionalities are also discussed. Finally, the current challenge with TW is addressed, as well as the future developments required for eventual real‐world application.
Bioprinted Scaffold Remodels the Neuromodulatory Microenvironment for Enhancing Bone Regeneration
Authors: Guo Shuting , He Chuanglong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, a 3D bioprinted scaffold is proposed, containing a calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and the β‐adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol (PRN) as a new method to achieve effective repair of bone defects. By leveraging the neuromodulation mechanism of bone regeneration, CGRP and PRN loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles are added into a hybrid bio‐ink, which initially contains gelatin methacrylate, Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Subsequently, the optimized bio‐ink is used for 3D bioprinting to create a composite scaffold with a pre‐designed micro‐nano hierarchical structure. The migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) can be promoted by the scaffold, which is beneficial to the formation of a new capillary network during the bone repair process. With the release of CGRP from the scaffold, the secretion of neuropeptides by sensory nerves is simulated. Meanwhile, the release of PRN can inhibit the binding process of catecholamine to β‐adrenergic receptor, co‐promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs with CGRP and silicon ions, which will effectively enhance bone repair of a critical‐sized cranial defect in a rat model. In conclusion, this study provides a promising strategy for bone defect repair by understanding the neuromodulatory mechanisms during bone regeneration.
Targeted Reprogramming of Vitamin B3 Metabolism as a Nanotherapeutic Strategy towards Chemoresistant Cancers
Authors: Guo Daoxia , Ji Xiaoyuan , Xie Hui , Ma Jia , Xu Chunchen , Zhou Yanfeng , Chen Nan , Wang Hui , Fan Chunhai , Song Haiyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote cancer stem cell (CSC)‐mediated chemoresistance and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, direct depletion of CAFs may increase cancer invasiveness and metastasis. As a generalized strategy against chemoresistant cancers, Gemini‐like homotypic targeting nanoparticles (NPs) are designed for two‐pronged CAF transformation and cancer cell elimination. The CAF‐targeted NPs couple vitamin B3 metabolic reprogramming to epigenetic modulation of secreted pro‐stemness and immunosuppressive factors, thereby diminishing CSC and suppressive immune cell populations to enhance cancer cell drug susceptibility and cytotoxic T cell infiltration. In mouse models of breast, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers that are resistant to their respective first‐line chemotherapeutics, a single dose of hydrogel co‐delivering the Gemini‐like NPs can rehabilitate chemosensitivity, induce immune activation, and achieve tumor regression. Moreover, it stimulates robust T cell memory for long‐term protection against tumor rechallenge. This study thus represents an innovative approach with broad applicability for overcoming cancer chemoresistance.
Evaluation of missing data imputation methods for human osteometric measurements
Authors: Pang Jinyong , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is not uncommon for biological anthropologists to analyze incomplete bioarcheological or forensic skeleton specimens. As many quantitative multivariate analyses cannot handle incomplete data, missing data imputation or estimation is a common preprocessing practice for such data. Using William W. Howells' Craniometric Data Set and the Goldman Osteometric Data Set, we evaluated the performance of multiple popular statistical methods for imputing missing metric measurements. Results indicated that multiple imputation methods outperformed single imputation methods, such as Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA). Multiple imputation with Bayesian linear regression implemented in the R package norm2, the Expectation–Maximization (EM) with Bootstrapping algorithm implemented in Amelia, and the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method and several of the derivative linear regression models implemented in mice, perform well regarding accuracy, robustness, and speed. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest a practical procedure for choosing appropriate imputation methods.
The importance of understanding Indigenous employment in the Indigenous business sector
Authors: Eva Christian , Bodle Kerry , Foley Dennis , Harris Jessica , Hunter Boyd 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndigenous employment has been the subject of numerous policies in Australia, with governments aiming to increase the workforce participation rate amongst Indigenous people in recent years. Indigenous‐owned businesses, formally defined as businesses that are at least 50% Indigenous‐owned, have been demonstrated in previous research to maintain substantially higher levels of proportional Indigenous employment than non‐Indigenous businesses. This suggests that Indigenous‐owned businesses maintain work environments that are more supportive of and conducive to Indigenous employment, meriting the influence of Indigenous‐owned businesses' workplace practices in future Indigenous employment policy design. Using administrative data from two Indigenous business registries (Black Business Finder and Supply Nation), this paper provides an updated empirical analysis of the Indigenous business sector. This paper demonstrates that Indigenous‐owned businesses of all sizes, industries, locations and profit statuses consistently average proportional Indigenous employment rates higher than the Indigenous proportional population. Of all the people employed in Supply Nation‐listed businesses, over 35% are Indigenous. The potential impact of the Indigenous Procurement Policy is illustrated by differentials in the size of businesses and their capacity to employ Indigenous staff. This paper provides analysis of the Indigenous business sector that can inform future policy direction for both Indigenous employment and Indigenous business policies.
GPT‐4 accuracy and completeness against International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yoshiyasu Yuki , Wu Franklin , Dhanda Aatin K. , Gorelik Daniel , Takashima Masayoshi , Ahmed Omar G. 
Published: June 2023

Key Points
GPT‐4 is an AI language model that can answer basic questions about rhinologic disease.
Vetting is needed before AI models can be safely integrated into otolarygologic patient care.
Sublethal doses of glyphosate modulates mitochondria and oxidative stress in honeybees by direct feeding
Authors: Pons Daniel Gabriel , Herrera Cayetano , Torrens‐Mas Margalida , Leza Mar , Sastre‐Serra Jorge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHoneybees are essential for the ecosystem maintenance and for plant production in agriculture. Glyphosate is a broad‐spectrum systemic herbicide widely used in crops to control weeds and could affect honeybees' health in sublethal doses. Our aim was to study how sublethal doses of glyphosate affects to oxidative stress and mitochondrial homeostasis in honeybees. We exposed honeybees to glyphosate at 5 and 10 mg·l−1 for 2 and 10 h for the gene expression analysis by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for 48 and 72 h for the antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation determination. We observed a general increase in antioxidant‐ and mitochondrial‐related genes expression in honeybees after 2 h of exposition to glyphosate, as well as a rise in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity after 48 h and an increment in lipid peroxidation adducts generation after 72 h. These results suggest a direct effect of glyphosate on honeybees' health, with an insufficient response of the antioxidant system to the generated oxidative stress, resulting in an increase in lipid peroxidation and, therefore, oxidative damage. Altogether, results obtained in this work demonstrate that sublethal treatments of glyphosate could directly affect honeybee individuals under laboratory conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate alternatives to glyphosate to determine if they are less harmful to non‐target organisms.
Optimal prescribed performance tracking control of nonlinear motor driven systems via adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Zhao Jun , Huang Yingbo , Zang Wanshun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough optimal regulation problem has been well studied, resolving optimal tracking control via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) has not been completely resolved, particularly for nonlinear uncertain systems. In this paper, an online adaptive learning method is developed to realize the optimal tracking control design for nonlinear motor driven systems (NMDSs), which adopts the concept of ADP, unknown system dynamic estimator (USDE), and prescribed performance function (PPF). To this end, the USDE in a simple form is first proposed to address the NMDSs with bounded disturbances. Then, based on the estimated unknown dynamics, we define an optimal cost function and derive the optimal tracking control. The derived optimal tracking control is divided into two parts, that is, steady‐state control and optimal feedback control. The steady‐state control can be obtained with the tracking commands directly. The optimal feedback control can be obtained via the concept of ADP based on the PPF; this contributes to improving the convergence of critic neural network (CNN) weights and tracking accuracy of NMDSs. Simulations are provided to display the feasibility of the designed control method.
Developmental profiles of young children with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay: A study with the GriffithsIIIscales
Authors: Taddei Matilde , Bulgheroni Sara , Toffalini Enrico , Pantaleoni Chiara , Lanfranchi Silvia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify developmental profiles associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and global developmental delay (DD) in pre‐school aged Italian children. Developmental profiles were evaluated by means of a standardized tool widely used for the assessment of psychomotor development in early childhood, the Griffiths III scales, recently adapted and standardized for the Italian population. Specifically, we compared the Griffiths III profiles of children with ASD and DD (ASD + DD) with those of children with DD alone. Moreover, we inspected the psychometric function of single items by comparing children with ASD + DD and children with DD with typically developing (TD) children from the Griffiths III normative sample. In this way, we aimed to isolate the effects of each diagnostic class on psychomotor abilities and on the psychometric function of single items. The ASD + DD and DD groups were found to share the presence of lower age equivalent scores relative to their chronological age in all the developmental domains considered:Foundations of Learning,Language and Communication,Eye and Hand Coordination,Personal–Social‐EmotionalandGross Motor Skills. However, the DD group displayed a homogeneous profile with similar levels of delay in all developmental domains, while children with ASD + DD exhibited relative weaknesses in theLanguage and CommunicationandPersonal–Social‐Emotionalscales. The analysis of the psychometric function drawn for each item has confirmed different profiles in social‐communicative and non‐verbal items between the two diagnostic groups and in relation to TD normative sample. The Griffiths III is a valid psychometric tool for identifying atypical developmental profiles and its use may be recommended during the diagnostic process of ASD and DD, to detect specific strengths and weaknesses and guide person‐centered treatment.
Relationship between quantitative digital behavioral features and clinical profiles in young autistic children
Authors: Coffman Marika , Di Martino J. Matias , Aiello Rachel , Carpenter Kimberly L. H. , Chang Zhuoqing , Compton Scott , Eichner Brian , Espinosa Steve , Flowers Jacqueline , Franz Lauren , Perochon Sam , Krishnappa Babu Pradeep Raj , Sapiro Guillermo , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly behavioral markers for autism include differences in social attention and orienting in response to one's name when called, and differences in body movements and motor abilities. More efficient, scalable, objective, and reliable measures of these behaviors could improve early screening for autism. This study evaluated whether objective and quantitative measures of autism‐related behaviors elicited from an app (SenseToKnow) administered on a smartphone or tablet and measured via computer vision analysis (CVA) are correlated with standardized caregiver‐report and clinician administered measures of autism‐related behaviors and cognitive, language, and motor abilities. This is an essential step in establishing the concurrent validity of a digital phenotyping approach. In a sample of 485 toddlers, 43 of whom were diagnosed with autism, we found that CVA‐based gaze variables related to social attention were associated with the level of autism‐related behaviors. Two language‐related behaviors measured via the app, attention to people during a conversation and responding to one's name being called, were associated with children's language skills. Finally, performance during a bubble popping game was associated with fine motor skills. These findings provide initial support for the concurrent validity of the SenseToKnow app and its potential utility in identifying clinical profiles associated with autism. Future research is needed to determine whether the app can be used as an autism screening tool, can reliably stratify autism‐related behaviors, and measure changes in autism‐related behaviors over time.