bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical use of urinary mitochondrial DNA in adult surgical critical care patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Abayasekara Kiara , Sullo Nikol 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) affects 47% of adult surgical critical care patients (ASCCPs). AKI is induced through a common oxidative stress pathway resulting in mitochondrial and tubular cell injury with increased urinary mitochondrial DNA (UmtDNA) excretion. UmtDNA is an emerging and readily sampled novel biomarker for varied surgical critical care cohorts. This review aimed to determine the clinical use of UmtDNA genes (ND1 and COX3) in AKI in ASCCPs. PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligibility criteria were based on the patient/problem, intervention, comparison and outcome framework. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. WebPlot Digitizer version 4.4 was used to extract UmtDNA data from graphs and UmtDNA ratios were statistically analysed with PRISM version 9.1.0 (GraphPad Software). Six human studies (n = 391) with three translational murine models (n = 112) satisfied inclusion criteria. One sample t test suggested significantly high UmtDNA‐ND1 ratios in progressive/severe AKI (or delayed renal transplant graft function) to no AKI (or immediate renal transplant graft function) and increased UmtDNA‐COX3 ratios approached significance. Sensitivities and specificities for UmtDNA ranged from 68% to 85% and 52% to 83.6%, respectively, comparable with new biomarkers, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule‐1. Weak correlation was observed with serum creatinine. These findings were complemented in translational murine AKI experiments with significantly elevated ND1 and COX3. From bench to clinical practice, UmtDNA appears to be a promising novel biomarker of progressive/severe AKI (or delayed graft function). Large prospective, multi‐centre studies reporting standardised UmtDNA findings should clarify use of UmtDNA in ASCCP‐AKI management.
Biologically inspired herding of animal groups by robots
Authors: King Andrew J. , Portugal Steven J. , Strömbom Daniel , Mann Richard P. , Carrillo José A. , Kalise Dante , de Croon Guido , Barnett Heather , Scerri Paul , Groß Roderich , Chadwick David R. , Papadopoulou Marina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

A single sheepdog can bring together and manoeuvre hundreds of sheep from one location to another. Engineers and ecologists are fascinated by this sheepdog herding because of the potential it provides for ‘bio‐herding’: a biologically inspired herding of animal groups by robots. Although many herding algorithms have been proposed, most are studied via simulation.

There are a variety of ecological problems where management of wild animal groups is currently impossible, dangerous and/or costly for humans to manage directly, and which may benefit from bio‐herding solutions.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) now deliver significant benefits to the economy and society. Here, we suggest the use of UAVs for bio‐herding. Given their mobility and speed, UAVs can be used in a wide range of environments and interact with animal groups at sea, over the land and in the air.

We present a potential roadmap for achieving bio‐herding using a pair of UAVs. In our framework, one UAV performs ‘surveillance’ of animal groups, informing the movement of a second UAV that herds them. We highlight the promise and flexibility of a paired UAV approach while emphasising its practical and ethical challenges. We start by describing the types of experiments and data required to understand individual and collective responses to UAVs. Next, we describe how to develop appropriate herding algorithms. Finally, we describe the integration of bio‐herding algorithms into software and hardware architecture.
‘Fossils’: A new, fast and open‐source protocol to simulate muscle‐driven biomechanical loading of bone
Authors: Chatar Narimane , Boman Romain , Fallon Gaudichon Valentin , MacLaren Jamie A. , Fischer Valentin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computational method used to predict the behaviour (stresses, strains and deformation) of a structure under predefined loading conditions. It can be applied to different biological structures, such as bone, to study defined muscle‐driven scenarios. However, as muscle is an extremely complex structure to model, evolutionary biologists usually model muscle forces indirectly. In 2007, the BONELOAD MATLAB routine was developed to distribute muscle forces on a surface defined by the user. This routine then had to be coupled with a pre‐existing FEA software (e.g. Strand7) to perform the analyses and has been widely used ever since.

In this manuscript, we present a new method to run muscle‐driven finite element simulations on a bone by distributing muscle forces on their insertions area, all within a single environment. We apply this protocol in three different situations: two biting simulations (unilateral and bilateral) and a shoulder flexion simulation.

We demonstrate how to prepare the mesh, delineate the muscle origins and insertions, define the constraints, adjust material properties, choose a loading scenario (uniform, tangential or tangential‐plus‐normal), and extract the results.

Our automated script meshes the 3D model, defines the constraints and distributes muscle forces within a single simulation software: ‘Metafor’ (nonlinear solver, owned and distributed by Gesval S.A) or ‘Fossils’ (a new open‐source linear static solver developed in the frame of this work). ‘Metafor’ and ‘Fossils’ can perform the entire protocol (from the meshing to the muscle‐induced simulations) on high‐resolution volumetric meshes (millions of tetrahedra) and rapidly, exceeding the processing time of other widely used software protocols by up to four times. We demonstrate that the results obtained from our protocol are highly congruent with brands such as Strand7. Thus, our protocol opens up the possibility to routinely and rapidly simulate the behaviour of high‐precision muscle‐driven FE models containing millions of tetrahedra.
Pharmacological administration of 3α,5α‐THP into the nucleus accumbens core increases 3α,5α‐THP expression and reduces alcohol self‐administration
Authors: Ornelas Laura C. , Boero Giorgia , Van Voorhies Kalynn , O'Buckley Todd K. , Besheer Joyce , Morrow A. Leslie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol affects multiple circuits in the brain, mainly disrupting the delicate balance between inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission and excitatory glutamate signaling in brain areas involved in reward circuits. These include the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (Acb), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). This action impairs circuits that regulate behavioral control of craving and alcohol seeking and intake. Studies in both rodent models and postmortem human brain of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have highlighted the association between the loss of GABAergic inhibition and the development of addiction. The neurosteroid (3α,5α)‐3‐hydroxypregnan‐20‐one (3α,5α‐THP) is a potent positive modulator of GABAA receptors. Chronic alcohol consumption reduces 3α,5α‐THP levels, resulting in decreased GABA inhibition. We previously demonstrated that enhancing neurosteroid biosynthesis by overexpression of the cholesterol side‐chain cleavage enzyme P450scc decreased alcohol intake in male alcohol‐preferring rats (P‐rats). While most of the evidence of alcohol‐induced alterations comes from studies in male subjects, some data show that females are more vulnerable to alcohol's effects than males.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the ability of 3α,5α‐THP direct infusions in two brain regions that contribute to alcohol reinforcement, the VTA and Acb core (AcbC), to regulate alcohol self‐administration in female P‐rats.ResultsAdministration of 3α,5α‐THP into the AcbC increased 3α,5α‐THP‐positive cell expression in this area and reduced alcohol self‐administration. By contrast, 3α,5α‐THP infusion into the VTA did not significantly affect alcohol self‐administration, though trends for a reduction were found.ConclusionsOur results show that local increases in 3α,5α‐THP in the AcbC may alter mesolimbic activity that drives a reduction in alcohol self‐administration.
Outdoor recreation alters terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage and carrion removal in a protected Mediterranean wetland
Authors: Orihuela‐Torres A. , Sebastián‐González E. , Pérez‐García J. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOutdoor recreation has increased in recent decades, with an intensification after the COVID‐19 lockdown. Previous studies have shown that disturbances from this activity may affect species behaviour and fitness, but its effect on ecological processes has been overlooked. Here, we test the impact of outdoor recreation on terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage and scavenging patterns in El Hondo Natural Park, a Mediterranean wetland located in south‐eastern Spain. We placed 185 carcasses monitored with camera traps between February 2020 and May 2021 in two areas: ‘public access area’, where visitors can freely access and carry out outdoor recreation, and ‘restricted area’, where visitors are not allowed. Our results showed that outdoor recreation altered the scavenger assemblage composition, especially affecting large species such as raptors. Non‐native species scavenged almost four times more often on carcasses in public access areas than in the restricted areas, showing that human activities promote the presence of non‐native species. Furthermore, vertebrates completely consumed 68.2% of the carcasses in the restricted area, decreasing to 46.7% in the public access area. In the restricted area, consumption time was shorter (111.8 vs. 157.5 h) and consumed biomass by vertebrate scavengers was larger (73.9 vs. 52.2%) than in public access area, evidencing that outdoor recreation also affects scavenging processes. Our study shows that outdoor recreation profoundly alters not only the scavenger assemblage but also key ecological processes such as carrion removal. This highlights the urgency of regulating tourism and maintaining restricted areas to preserve biodiversity and ecological processes, especially in highly anthropized landscapes.
MAST4 controls cell cycle in spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jun , Kim Ka‐Hwa , Lee Dong‐Joon , Kim Pyunggang , Park Jinah , Kim Seong‐Jin , Jung Han‐Sung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self‐renewal is regulated by reciprocal interactions between Sertoli cells and SSCs in the testis. In a previous study, microtubule‐associated serine/threonine kinase 4 (MAST4) has been studied in Sertoli cells as a regulator of SSC self‐renewal. The present study focused on the mechanism by which MAST4 in Sertoli cells transmits the signal and regulates SSCs, especially cell cycle regulation. The expression of PLZF, CDK2 and PLZF target genes was examined in WT and Mast4 KO testes by Immunohistochemistry, RT‐qPCR and western blot. In addition, IdU and BrdU were injected into WT and Mast4 KO mice and cell cycle of SSCs was analysed. Finally, the testis tissues were cultured in vitro to examine the regulation of cell cycle by MAST4 pathway. Mast4 KO mice showed infertility with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome and reduced sperm count. Furthermore, Mast4 deletion led to decreased PLZF expression and cell cycle progression in the testes. MAST4 also induced cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to phosphorylate PLZF and activated PLZF suppressed the transcriptional levels of genes related to cell cycle arrest, leading SSCs to remain stem cell state. MAST4 is essential for maintaining cell cycle in SSCs via the CDK2‐PLZF interaction. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of MAST4 regulating cell cycle of SSCs and the significance of spermatogenesis.
Presença Iny Karajá: Cultura material e visual das bonecas Ritxoko em museus
Authors: de Andrade Rita Morais , Duarte Cândido Manuelina Maria 
Published: January 2023

ResumoOs museus enfrentam o desafio da falta de informações em sua documentação museológica de objetos etnográficos, especialmente aqueles coletados de povos indígenas em diversos contextos coloniais e pós‐coloniais contextos. O projeto de pesquisa PPK apresentado neste trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o aprimoramento da documentação sobre bonecos indígenas Iny Karajá (ritxoko) que foram identificadas em coleções de museus ao redor do mundo. Espera‐se que o destaque dado às coleções pouco ou nunca estudadas em seus museus de origem produza conhecimento que fundamente exposições, ações educativas e outras formas de extroversão das coleções ao público. A fim de atingir o objetivo, o projeto PPK estuda as trajetórias das bonecas e das coleções dos museus, visando ainda especificidades como o estudo das vestimentas e adornos corporais das bonecas. As metodologias de pesquisa participativa têm se mostrado crucial, pois o contato interpessoal entre pesquisadores/instituições e os grupos indígenas Iny Karajá fornecem novos dados e uma nova compreensão dos artefatos no contexto das práticas museais. A informação tem sido organizada numa base de dados que estará disponível na plataforma digital Tainacan. A utilidade dessas descobertas para o campo do museal é conhecer e divulgar com maior precisão as coleções de bonecas Iny Karajá, atender a Recomendação da UNESCO sobre a Proteção e Promoção de Museus e Coleções (2015); e considerar a indumentária ritxoko, buscando afastar a produção indígena do nicho “étnico” nos museus.
Gauging DNA degradation among common insect trap preservatives
Authors: Ruppert Laura‐Sophia , Segelbacher Gernot , Staab Michael , Winiger Nathalie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenetic methods for species identification are becoming increasingly popular and can accelerate insect monitoring. However, obtaining good DNA quality and quantity from insect traps remains a challenge for field studies. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and Renner solution have been previously suggested as suitable preservatives for the collection of genetic material, but a systematic overview of their performance under compromising field conditions is lacking. Here we experimentally test whether and how different preservatives affect DNA quality under different conditions and evaluate how choice of preservative may affect metabarcoding and more demanding downstream applications (e.g., RADseq). For this, we used the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), and tested propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and Renner solution for their ability to preserve DNA over 27 days in various dilutions and temperatures. DNA quality was measured as DNA fragmentation and success rates in PCR amplifying a COI fragment of 658, 313, or 157 bp. Undiluted propylene glycol and ethylene glycol always retained high molecular weight DNA at room temperature. No high molecular weight DNA was preserved at 37 °C or in any dilution. Nevertheless, the COI sequence could be amplified from samples at every condition. Renner solution did not preserve high molecular weight DNA and fragmentation increased over time at 37 °C until amplification was impossible. The results suggest that propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are suitable preservatives for collecting both genetic and morphological material, but dilution or high temperatures compromise their ability to preserve high molecular weight DNA. For genomic approaches requiring high DNA quality, additional preservatives may need to be tested.
Widespread triazole pesticide use affects infection dynamics of a global amphibian pathogen
Authors: Barbi Andrea , Goessens Tess , Strubbe Diederik , Deknock Arne , Van Leeuwenberg Robby , De Troyer Niels , Verbrugghe Elin , Greener Mark , De Baere Siegrid , Lens Luc , Goethals Peter , Martel An , Croubels Siska , Pasmans Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sixth mass extinction is a consequence of complex interplay between multiple stressors with negative impact on biodiversity. We here examine the interaction between two globally widespread anthropogenic drivers of amphibian declines: the fungal disease chytridiomycosis and antifungal use in agriculture. Field monitoring of 26 amphibian ponds in an agricultural landscape shows widespread occurrence of triazole fungicides in the water column throughout the amphibian breeding season, together with a negative correlation between early season application of epoxiconazole and the prevalence of chytrid infections in aquatic newts. While triazole concentrations in the ponds remained below those that inhibit growth ofBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis, they bioaccumulated in the newts' skin up to tenfold, resulting in cutaneous growth‐suppressing concentrations. As such, a concentration of epoxiconazole, 10 times below that needed to inhibit fungal growth, prevented chytrid infection in anuran tadpoles. The widespread presence of triazoles may thus alter chytrid dynamics in agricultural landscapes.
Subjects to freedom: The entanglements of desire in Upland Indonesia
Authors: Donzelli Aurora 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article draws on fieldwork in upland Indonesia to explore how discursive genres mediate political and affective transformations. Since the millennium, IMF‐driven governance reforms have disseminated novel ideals of transparent accountability, representative democracy, and individual entrepreneurialism, which at once presuppose and generate a market‐oriented subject endowed with the freedom to express desires and choose among multiple options. Transnational discursive genres play a key role in these transformations by foregrounding a consumerist notion of desire as a site of emancipatory imagining. These discursive technologies are, however, only partially successful. By describing their partial uptake I discuss the predicaments posed by the ethnographic scrutiny of reformist rationalities emerging in post‐authoritarian contexts. Indeed, while the emancipatory promise of democratic reforms irradiating from transnational lending agencies undermines entrenched social hierarchies, the emphasis on individual aspirations may also conceal new forms of subjection to capitalist valorization, whereby individuals are turned into bundles of measurable desires.
Flucht nach vorne (seeking refuge in the future): Trauma, agency, and the fantasy of onward flight among refugees in Berlin
Authors: Bialas Ulrike , Sohail Jagat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article is based on fieldwork we each conducted with refugees in Berlin between 2016 and 2021. We were both puzzled by our interlocutors’ repeated professed desires to leave Germany, often when their lives here were improving. We wondered how they could possibly fantasize about repeating the experiences of their initial flight, which were deeply wounding and traumatic. We argue against a reading of trauma and agency as existing in opposition to or in spite of each other. We revisit the moment of trauma to uncover the transformative potential built into it—a crucial step in explaining the puzzling desires of our interlocutors for onward flight. We contrast popular notions of agentive mobility with the German term Flucht nach vorne (literally, “onward flight”) to indicate the complex contradictions, and even “unreason,” built into these fantasies.
Prediction of individual trigeminal pain sensitivity from gray matter structure within the sensorimotor network
Authors: Niddam David M. , Wu Yu‐Te , Pan Li‐Ling Hope , Chen Yung‐Lin , Wang Shuu‐Jiun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether multivariate pattern regression analysis based on gray matter (GM) images constrained to the sensorimotor network could accurately predict trigeminal heat pain sensitivity in healthy individuals.BackgroundPrediction of individual pain sensitivity is of clinical relevance as high pain sensitivity is associated with increased risks of postoperative pain, pain chronification, and a poor treatment response. However, as pain is a subjective experience accurate identification of such individuals can be difficult. GM structure of sensorimotor regions have been shown to vary with pain sensitivity. It is unclear whether GM structure within these regions can be used to predict pain sensitivity.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, structural magnetic resonance images and pain thresholds in response to contact heat stimulation of the left supraorbital area were obtained from 79 healthy participants. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to extract segmented and normalized GM images. These were then constrained to a mask encompassing the functionally defined resting‐state sensorimotor network. The masked images and pain thresholds entered a multivariate relevance vector regression analysis for quantitative prediction of the individual pain thresholds. The correspondence between predicted and actual pain thresholds was indexed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and the mean squared error (MSE). The generalizability of the model was assessed by 10‐fold and 5‐fold cross‐validation. Non‐parametric permutation tests were used to estimate significance levels.ResultsTrigeminal heat pain sensitivity could be predicted from GM structure within the sensorimotor network with significant accuracy (10‐fold: r = 0.53, p < 0.001, MSE = 10.32, p = 0.001; 5‐fold: r = 0.46, p = 0.001, MSE = 10.54, p < 0.001). The resulting multivariate weight maps revealed that accurate prediction relied on multiple widespread regions within the sensorimotor network.ConclusionA multivariate pattern of GM structure within the sensorimotor network could be used to make accurate predictions about trigeminal heat pain sensitivity at the individual level in healthy participants. Widespread regions within the sensorimotor network contributed to the predictive model.
Dietary zinc intake and migraine in adults: a cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004
Authors: Liu Huanxian , Wang Qi , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study examined the relationship between dietary zinc intake and migraine.BackgroundNeuroinflammatory and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Little is known about the effects of zinc, an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant trace element, on migraine.MethodsThe US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2004 were analyzed for this cross‐sectional study. Participants who had severe headache or migraine were classified as having migraine. Dietary zinc intake was evaluated using the 24 h dietary recall system.ResultsA total of 11,088 participants were included, of whom, 20.2% (2236/11,088) reported having migraine disease. Compared to the lowest dietary zinc intake quintile (Q1, ≤5.9 mg/day), the adjusted odds ratios for migraine in Q2 (6.0–8.4 mg/day), Q3 (8.5–11.2 mg/day), Q4 (11.3–15.7 mg/day), and Q5 (≥15.8 mg/day) were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.88, p = 0.004), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56–0.91, p = 0.013), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57–0.90, p = 0.008), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.52–0.94, p = 0.029), respectively. Sensitivity analysis of zinc supplementation survey participants also showed an association between dietary zinc intake and migraine. Compared to the lowest total zinc intake quintile (Q1: 0.5–9.6 mg/day), the adjusted odds ratios for migraine in Q3 (19.3–24.3 mg/day) and Q4 (24.4–32.5 mg/day) were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46–0.83, p = 0.019) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.91, p = 0.045), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings indicate an inverse association between dietary zinc intake and migraine in adult Americans.