bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mott insulating ruthenium oxides for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Miao Xianbing , Zhang Jingda , Hu Zhenpeng , Zhou Shiming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Electron correlation effects among 4d-electrons are generally believed to be weak due to a large spatial extension of 4d-orbitals and then long neglected in studying the electronic and adsorption properties of transition-metal oxide catalysts. Here we demonstrate that the electron correlation plays a critical role in improving the catalytic activity of ruthenium oxides towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Density functional theory plus Hubbard U calculations on the state of the-art OER catalyst, rutile RuO2, reveal that the adsorption energies for oxygenated intermediates can be nearly optimized when the metallic oxide turns into a Mott insulator. By regulating the effective electron correlations via RuO6 octahedral network in nanosized various rutile and pyrochlore ruthenium oxides, we successfully realize a Mott metal-insulator transition and develop a series of insulating oxides with a superior OER performance to the metallic RuO2. Our work builds a bridge between the electrochemistry and Mott physics for transition-metal oxides, opening a new avenue for designing advanced catalysts.
Dependence of the depth of rainfall penetration and the of the depth of carbonate nodules of Calcic Chernozem of the South of Russia
Authors: Minaeva Evgenia , Bezuglova Olga , Morozov Igor , Gorbov Sergey , Isagaliev Murodzhon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between of depth of carbonate nodules with the depth of rainfall penetration, to clarify the values of the nodule depth depending on climatic conditions and soil thickness. We used data for the period from 1948 to 1980 on the average long-term depth of rainfall penetration the profile of Calcic Chernozems that formed on the territory of Northern Azov region, a vast area within the Rostov region, Russia. Morphological descriptions from the archive materials of the State Research Institute for Land Design (5318 soil profile and pits). The data were processed by the methods of descriptive statistics, cluster and correlation analyses. As a result of the study, it was found that the data array is clearly divided by the agro-climatic factor. A significant difference in the localization depths of carbonate nodules between Calcic Chernozem of Northern Azov and Calcic Chernozem of Ciscaucasia, as well as Calcic Chernozem Pachic of Northern Azov and Calcic Chernozem Pachic of Ciscaucasia was obtained. Correlation analysis proved a close relationship between the depth of wetting and the level of occurrence of carbonate nodules in the study area, which gives grounds for further research in other semi-arid areas.
Importance of calcium on the parotid salivary gland structure (experimental study on rats)
Authors: Montaser Maha Mohamed , Hak Amel El , Elba Gehan , Eladawy Monir , Hamza sara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Calcium makes up 1-2⸓ percent of a person’s body weight, and 99⸓ of it can be found in bones and teeth. The remaining circulates in the blood, muscles, and other tissues. Calcium deficient diet affect general health by causing obesity, fat accumulation, diabetes (insulin resistance), osteoporosis and finally bad oral health due to the non- functioning salivary gland caused by hypocalcemia If calcium deficiency is not treated, it is considered a fatal condition.
Calcium is used entirely by the salivary gland to induce its secretory function also it acts as a common modulator mediator for all receptors. Calcium deficiency increases fat cell formation and decreases exocytosis.
Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium on general health and on the parotid salivary gland structure in rats.
Methods: twenty-four adult male albino rats weighting from 150-200 grams were divided into two groups 12 rat each, group I: control, group II: calcium deficient diet.
Body weight, general health observations were measured weekly throughout the experimental period while blood serum level of cholesterol, calcium, insulin, and glucose were all measured at the end of the experiment which lasted for 8 weeks.
At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and the parotid glands were dissected, prepared for light and electron microscopic examination.
Results: Group II showed obesity, increase in blood cholesterol, insulin, and glucose level. The ultra-structural and histological examinations showed loss of the normal architecture of acini and duct system as well as the capsule.
Conclusion: calcium deficient has a toxic effect on general health and on the parotid salivary gland structure.
Vitexin isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L. leaf enhances GLUT-4 translocation in experimental diabetic rats
Authors: GA Gayathri , P Kavya , D Ashwini , Chakraborty Eshika , Ahmed Idris Adewale , M Gayathri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius L. leaf is extensively used in the Indian and Chinese medicine systems to treat diabetes mellitus. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of vitexin isolated from A.ilicifolius leaf extract and their effect on GLUT-4 translocation and PPAR-γ expression was evaluated high-fat diet-streptozotocinocin (HFD-STZ) induced rats. In vitro antidiabetic effect of vitexin was investigated through glucose uptake activity in L6 (rat skeletal muscle) cell lines. Vitexin (10 and 20 mg/kg BW was administered orally to HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats for 48 days. The effect of vitexin on body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, total protein, urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes was examined. GLUT-4 translocation and PPAR-γ expression were studied in the skeletal muscle and adipocytes of experimental rats. The interaction of vitexin with GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ was validated by molecular docking analysis. Vitexin significantly lowered the blood glucose and also normalized other biochemical parameters. Further, the treatment with vitexin up-regulates the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ in diabetic rats. In silico analysis also supports the promising interactions between vitexin and target proteins. These results explained that vitexin up-regulates the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ and enhanced the translocation of GLUT-4 which maintains glucose homeostasis. Thus vitexin can be a gold promising drug for type II diabetes mellitus in the future.
Development and application of a more refined process for extracting rock crack width information based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Ye Peng , Yu Bin , Zhang Runhong , Chen Wenhong , Li Yangchun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The process of image collection of high-altitude rock cracks using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) suffers from insufficient resolution and motion blur, which prevents more accurate detection of micro-cracks. Therefore, in this study, a rock crack refinement detection process (RC-RDP) based on super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) technique and semantic segmentation (SS) network is developed to detect micro-cracks. Four SRR networks (RCAN, SRDenseNet, ESRGAN, BSRGAN) and six SS networks (PSPNet, SegNet, DeepLab V3+, UNet++, UNet++(CBAM), SegFormer) are trained and tested separately using rock crack datasets. SRR indicators (PSNR and SSIM) and SS indicators (Precision, Recall, F1-Score and IoU) are applied to evaluate the performance of SRR networks and SS networks, respectively. According to the evaluation indicators of each network performance, in this paper, the RCAN network (PSNR = 31.08 dB and SSIM = 88.56%) is applied in the SRR part, and the UNet++ (CBAM) network is used in the crack detection part (Precision = 0.874, Recall = 0.886, F1-Score = 0.879 and IoU = 0.785). In addition, a novel data acquisition process integrating skeletonization algorithm, feature nodes detection algorithm, normal vector estimation algorithm and width extraction algorithm is used to calculate the minimum width WMin, maximum width WMax and average width WA information of the crack traces. The results of this paper show that the application of RC-RDP based on deep learning can obtain better super resolution (SR) images and more accurate width information. The method in this study shows excellent performance in detecting rock cracks.
A Novel Secure Communication System Using Optoelectronic Feedback in Semiconductor Laser
Authors: Abed Ehsan Ali , Mousa Salam K. , Jamal Raied K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Due to the progress of modern technologies in covert communication, in this work a new communication system is proposed using the chaotic system resulting from optoelectronic feedback of semiconductor laser. Where the sinusoidal signal (amplitude A and frequency f were 0.01 a.u and 0.1 a.u respectively) was used to examine the transmission efficiency of the signal and it was found that the purity of the received signal at the receiving unit depends on the amount of synchronization between the two systems, i.e. on the coupling factor between the transmitting and receiving systems. It was found that the ideal value of the coupling factor was 270 a.u at initial condition xi1, yi1, zi1, xi2, yi2, and zi2 are 1, 1, 0.005, 1, 1, and 0.05 respectively, as the two systems showed full synchronization between them. Through the results obtained, it was found that the chaotic system resulting from the optoelectronic feedback (OEFB) presents a modern technique for encoding the signal to send it with high confidentiality, and the reason is due to the wide bandwidth of the spectrum of the chaotic system, which allows easy selection of the appropriate frequency for encoding information, and in this way it was possible to open a new field in secret communications.
Expression of complexes I, II and IV decreased in SGNs of noise-stimulated rats, mediating the damage and degeneration of SGNs
Authors: Ding Zhong-Jia , Wang Yin , Wang Ren-Feng , Mi Wen-Juan , Qiu Jian-Hua , Zha Ding-Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Noise-induced hearing impairment can mediate delayed injury of spiral neurons (SGNs), resulting in degeneration of nerve fibers, synaptic degeneration and even death of SGNs. We believe that delayed injury is related to mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders.
Results: We investigated ATP and the electron transport chain (ETC) in rat SGNs after noise injury and found that with prolonged injury time, ATP synthesis and the expression of complexes II and IV decreased, indicating the functional decline of the ETC. The maintenance of ETC function is related to subunit import and assembly of the complex. The disulfide relay mechanism controlled by the apoptosis inducing factor/coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4（AIF/CHCHD4) pathway can regulate mitochondrial protein import. The results showed that AIF expression in SGNs decreased after noise exposure, indicating that noise damage to SGNs can restoreintramitochondrial protein input by downregulating the AIF/CHCHD4 pathway, hinderingETC function.
Conclusion: After noise injury, the mitochondrial function markers, ATP and complexes II/IV down-expressed , indicating insufficiency of ECT function leaded to delay injured SGNs. And the down-regulation of AIF/CHCHD4 function was a possible mechanism that hindered ECT function.
Ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of Severe Refractory Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis：two case reports
Authors: Xue Hongfei , Jiang Yushu , Qin Lingzhi , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Milan , Dai Shuhua , Teng Yongshi , Xu Jiajia , Li Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) characterized by antibodies against NMDA receptor. As the most common autoimmune encephalitis, anti-NMDAR encephalitis, affects 54% ~ 80% of patients with AE. It is associated with a high percentage of severe illness. It typically manifests as behavioural and psychiatric disturbance, epilepsy, cognitive decline, decreased level of consciousness, involuntary movements, autonomic dysfunction, and central hypoventilation, et.al.

Case presentation

We report two refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis. One of them decribes a case of anti-NMDA encephalitis coexisting with MOG antibodies. The two patients were administered first-line therapy with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin but did not improved clinically. Therefore, the patient was switched to the fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, ofatumumab. Their consciousness, behavioural and psychiatric disturbance, and capacity to conduct daily tasks improved markedly after sequential therapy with ofatumumab, as demonstrated by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score.

Conclusion

For the first time, we report a successful approach to the treatment of refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis using the fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab, which serves as an important reference for the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis.
Diagnostic value of left atrial strain in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Fekih Ridha , Antit Saoussen , Abdelhedi Marwa , Dridi Kalthoum , Boussabeh Elhem , Zakhama Lilia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Despite different ultrasound parameters, left ventricular filling pressures (LVFP) assessment remains inconclusive in some cases. We aimed to determine the contribution of left atrial strain (LAS) in estimating LVFP in patients suspected of having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Methods: This was a monocentric study, carried out in the cardiology department of the Interior Security Forces Hospital of Marsa, between October 2021 and March 2022. Patients had a physical examination, a biological assessment and an ultrasound examination at rest and, if necessary, during exercise. We investigated the performance of LAS components (Peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) and conduit function (FnC) in predicting LVFP rising.
Results: We enrolled 73 patients. The mean age was 61 ± 12 years old with a female predominance (57.5%). The median PALS was 29.3% [21.4-32.4]. The mean PACS and FnC values were 13.4% ±4.9 and 13.7% ±4.7, respectively. patients were categorized into two finals groups according to LVFP: Group A= high LVFP at rest or during exercise (25=34%) and Group B= not-high LVFP at rest and during exercise (48=66%). Patients with high LVFP, had lower LAS parameters and higher NT-Pro BNP levels. LAS had negative correlations with the E/e' ratio and NT-Pro BNP. PALS was an independent predictor of LVFP raising (HR= 0.711; 95% CI: 0.513-0.986; p= 0.041).
Conclusion: LAS is a simple, reproducible and sensitive ultrasound parameter for the diagnosis of HFpEF.
APLN/APJ may act as a Novel Diagnostic Marker and a Potential Therapeutic Target for Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Chen Qiang , Li Jiwei , Ni Sili , Xie Yimin , Yuan Xingang , Luo Xiaoyan , Wang Hua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children with the characteristics of endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and natural regression, and recent evidence shows that abnormal proliferation of ECs of IH is closely related to Apelin and Apelin receptor (APLN/APJ). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of APLN/APJ and angiogenic index about IH, and establish the specificity with the histomorphology.
Methods: 3 IHs（proliferating）, 3 IHs（involuting）, 3 congenital hemangiomas (CHs), 3 pyogenic granulomas (PGs), 3 capillary malformations (CMs), and 3 venous malformations (VMs) were submitted to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. APLN/APJ expression was semi-quantitatively evaluated, and the angiogenic index was assessed by microvessel counts (MVC).
Results: Higher APLN/APJ immunoexpression was observed in the proliferating phase of IHs compared to the involuting phase of IHs (p ＜ 0.05). Compared with CD31, APJ/APLN only expressed in proliferating and partial involuting phases of IHs; Compared with GLUT-1, APLN/APJ was expressed specifically in IH vascular ECs. APLN/APJ expression and angiogenic index significantly correlated in the IHs study.
Conclusions: our research suggests that the expression of APLN/APJ in IH is specific, and may reflect the influence on the initiation and regulation of IH, which can be used as a new specific antibody for clinical pathological diagnosis and a new target for clinical treatment.
25-Hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol induce neuroinflammation by activating microglia
Authors: Son Yonghae , Yeo In Jun , Hong Jin Tae , Eo Seong-Kug , Kim Koanhoi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and side-chain oxygenated cholesterol molecules (oxysterols) are elevated in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and high cholesterol levels increase the risk of AD. However, roles of high cholesterol and side-chain oxysterols in IL-1β expression remain to be determined. Therefore, we investigated whether side-chain oxysterols such as 24s-hydroxycholesterol (24sOHChol), 25-hydroxycholsterol (25OHChol), and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol) along with cholesterol are involved in IL-1β expression. Treatment of microglial HMC3 cells with 25OHChol and 27OHChol induced IL-1β expression at both the transcript and protein levels. 25OHChol and 27OHChol also upregulated the surface expression of MHC class II (MHC II), a marker of activated microglia. In contrast, cholesterol and 24sOHChol did not increase IL-1β transcript levels or MHC II surface expression. 25OHChol and 27OHChol more potently increased IL-1β transcript levels than oligomeric amyloid beta. Polymyxin B impaired IL-1β expression induced by lipopolysaccharides, but not by 25OHChol and 27OHChol. Both oxysterols enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and Src, and inhibition of the kinase pathways by LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), U0126 (a MEK inhibitor), and PP2 (an Src kinase inhibitor) impaired the expression of IL-1β and MHC II. We also investigated microglial activation under condition of hypercholesterolemia which enhances oxysterol concentration. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased microglial expression of IL-1β and MHC II, as determined by their co-immunoreactivity with Iba-1, in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. These results indicate that 25OHChol and 27OHChol activate the microglia to secrete IL-1β and the activation requires multiple signaling pathways. Because IL-1β is a key cytokine that drives inflammation in the brain, we suggest that elevated levels of 25OHChol and 27OHChol function as immunosterols, inducing neuroinflammation in patients with AD, and thereby are involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes in urban and rural wastewater treatment systems in northern China
Authors: Wang Yali , Qi Yuxuan , Wang Xiaoxiao , kang le , Wang Hongjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sewage treatment plants, as the "source" and "sink" of antibiotics, contained abundant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, it was investigated the distribution of five typical ARGs, environmental correlation, and microbial community in six urban and two rural sewage treatment plants, located at the northern city of China (Baoding). The results showed that TetC and sulⅢ were the predominant ARGs in all samples with average 7.21×106, 1.5×106 copies/mL. Pearson correlation analysis showed that ARGs were closely correlation with TN, TP and NH4+. Furthermore, the co-occurrence patterns between ARGs and bacterial genera revealed 14 potential hosts bacterial genera for ARGs in activated sludge, which might promote the spread and transfer of resistance genes. This study provided comprehensive clarify and highlight the necessity for scientific strategies to control ARGs propagation and improve ARGs elimination.
Role of ‘Viyaru’ cyclone on the basin-scale variability of Bay of Bengal
Authors: Podapati Gopi Krishna , Pentakota Sreenivas , Gade Sagar V. , Ramu Dandi A. , Krishna SSVS. Rama , KVSR Prasad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is a potentially active region for the formation of the Tropical Cyclones (TCs) and accounts for about 6% of the global annual total number of tropical storms. These TCs occur during the pre-monsoon (March-May) and post-monsoon (October-November) seasons over the BoB. Among all the pre-monsoon cyclones that occurred from 1993 to 2019, we have identified that the “Viyaru” is a typical one originated in the southern BoB, propagated approximately through the middle of the bay, and made landfall over the northern BoB. The cyclonic storm Viyaru caused a basin-scale sea surface cooling of 0.35°C by increasing the mixed layer depth by 3.5 m over the Bay of Bengal. An analysis of mixed layer heat budget terms infers that reduced short wave radiation and increased latent heat fluxes as the key factors responsible for basin-wide cooling associated with the Viyaru cyclone. We have also found that the enhanced entrainment processes even after the dissipation of the Viyaru cyclone had resulted in a post-cyclone basin-wide cooling tendency over the Bay of Bengal. The present study exemplifies the role of a pre-monsoon cyclone (Viyaru) in impacting the Bay of Bengal basin-scale variability of surface Physical Oceanographic variables and associated processes.
Entecavir versus tenofovir on recurrence of hepatitis B virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Deok-Gie , Choi YoungRok , Rhu Jinsoo , Hwang Shin , You Young Kyoung , Kim Dong-Sik , Nah Yang Won , Kim Bong-Wan , Cho Jai Young , Kang Koo Jeong , Yang Jae Do , Choi Donglak , Joo Dong Jin , Kim Myoung Soo , Ryu Je Ho , Lee Jae Geun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

Considerable controversy exists regarding the superiority of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) over entecavir (ETV) for reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to compare outcomes of ETV versus TDF after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC.

Methods

We performed a multicenter observational study using data from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry. A total of 845 patients who underwent LT for HBV-related HCC were divided into two groups according to oral nucleos(t)ide analogue used for HBV prophylaxis post-LT: ETV group (n = 393) and TDF group (n = 452). HCC recurrence and overall death were compared in naïve and propensity score (PS)-weighted populations, and the likelihood of these outcomes according to the use of ETV or TDF were analyzed with various Cox models.

Results

At 1, 3, and 5 years, the ETV and TDF groups had similar HCC recurrence-free survival (90.7%, 85.6%, and 84.1% vs. 90.9%, 84.6%, and 84.2%, respectively, P = 0.982) and overall survival (98.4%, 94.7%, and 93.5% vs. 99.3%, 95.8%, and 94.9%, respectively, P = 0.480). The PS-weighted population showed similar results. In Cox models involving covariates adjustment, PS-weighting, competing risk regression, and time-dependent covariates adjustment, both groups showed a similar risk of HCC recurrence and overall death. In subgroup analyses stratified according to HCC burden (Milan criteria, Up-to-7 criteria, French alpha-fetoprotein risk score), pretransplantation locoregional therapy, and salvage LT, neither ETV nor TDF was superior.

Conclusion

ETV and TDF showed mutual non-inferiority for HCC outcomes when used for HBV prophylaxis after LT.