bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten-year survival of children with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18: a multi-registry European cohort study
Authors: Glinianaia Svetlana V , Rankin Judith , Tan Joachim , Loane Maria , Garne Ester , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , de Walle Hermien E K , Gatt Miriam , Gissler Mika , Klungsøyr Kari , Lelong Natalie , Neville Amanda , Pierini Anna , Tucker David F , Urhoj Stine Kjaer , Wellesley Diana Gay , Morris Joan K 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the survival to 10 years of age of children with trisomy 13 (T13) and children with trisomy 18 (T18), born 1995–2014.DesignPopulation-based cohort study that linked mortality data to data on children born with T13 or T18, including translocations and mosaicisms, from 13 member registries of EUROCAT, a European network for the surveillance of congenital anomalies.Setting13 regions in nine Western European countries.Patients252 live births with T13 and 602 with T18.Main outcome measuresSurvival at 1 week, 4 weeks and 1, 5 and 10 years of age estimated by random-effects meta-analyses of registry-specific Kaplan-Meier survival estimates.ResultsSurvival estimates of children with T13 were 34% (95% CI 26% to 46%), 17% (95% CI 11% to 29%) and 11% (95% CI 6% to 18%) at 4 weeks, 1 and 10 years, respectively. The corresponding survival estimates were 38% (95% CI 31% to 45%), 13% (95% CI 10% to 17%) and 8% (95% CI 5% to 13%) for children with T18. The 10-year survival conditional on surviving to 4 weeks was 32% (95% CI 23% to 41%) and 21% (95% CI 15% to 28%) for children with T13 and T18, respectively.ConclusionsThis multi-registry European study found that despite extremely high neonatal mortality in children with T13 and T18, 32% and 21%, respectively, of those who survived to 4 weeks were likely to survive to age 10 years. These reliable survival estimates are useful to inform counselling of parents after prenatal diagnosis.
Targeting patient recovery priorities in degenerative cervical myelopathy: design and rationale for the RECEDE-Myelopathy trial—study protocol
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Mowforth Oliver D , Yordanov Stefan , Alvarez-Berdugo Daniel , Bond Simon , Nodale Marianna , Kareclas Paula , Whitehead Lynne , Bishop Jon , Chandran Siddharthan , Lamb Sarah , Bacon Mark , Papadopoulos Marios C , Starkey Michelle , Sadler Iwan , Smith Lara , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Carpenter Adrian , Trivedi Rikin A , Wilby Martin , Choi David , Wilkinson Ian B , Fehlings Michael G , Hutchinson Peter John , Kotter Mark R N 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDegenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common and disabling condition of symptomatic cervical spinal cord compression secondary to degenerative changes in spinal structures leading to a mechanical stress injury of the spinal cord. RECEDE-Myelopathy aims to test the disease-modulating activity of the phosphodiesterase 3/phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor Ibudilast as an adjuvant to surgical decompression in DCM.Methods and analysisRECEDE-Myelopathy is a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Participants will be randomised to receive either 60–100 mg Ibudilast or placebo starting within 10 weeks prior to surgery and continuing for 24 weeks after surgery for a maximum of 34 weeks. Adults with DCM, who have a modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score 8–14 inclusive and are scheduled for their first decompressive surgery are eligible for inclusion. The coprimary endpoints are pain measured on a visual analogue scale and physical function measured by the mJOA score at 6 months after surgery. Clinical assessments will be undertaken preoperatively, postoperatively and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. We hypothesise that adjuvant therapy with Ibudilast leads to a meaningful and additional improvement in either pain or function, as compared with standard routine care.Study designClinical trial protocol V.2.2 October 2020.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from HRA—Wales.The results will be presented at an international and national scientific conferences and in a peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN Number:ISRCTN16682024.
Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus SGLT-2 inhibitors in overweight/obese patients with or without diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Hong , Lin Yu-Hao , Dai Li-Zhen , Lin Chen-Shi , Huang Yanling , Liu Shu-Yuan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety between and within glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes mellitus.MethodsPubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database were comprehensively searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is in overweight or obese participants from inception to 16 January 2022. The efficacy outcomes were the changes of body weight, glucose level and blood pressure. The safety outcomes were serious adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events. The mean differences, ORs, 95% credible intervals (95% CI), the surface under the cumulative ranking were evaluated for each outcome by network meta-analysis.ResultsSixty-one RCTs were included in our analysis. Both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is conferred greater extents in body weight reduction, achieving at least 5% wt loss, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose decrease compared with placebo. GLP-1RAs was superior to SGLT-2is in HbA1c reduction (MD: −0.39%, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.08). GLP-1RAs had high risk of adverse events, while SGLT-2is were relatively safe. Based on intraclass comparison, semaglutide 2.4 mg was among the most effective interventions in losing body weight (MD: −11.51 kg, 95% CI −12.83 to −10.21), decreasing HbA1c (MD: −1.49%, 95% CI −2.07 to −0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (MD: −2.15 mmol/L, 95% CI −2.83 to −1.59), reducing systolic blood pressure (MD: −4.89 mm Hg, 95% CI −6.04 to −3.71) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −1.59 mm Hg, 95% CI −2.37 to −0.86) with moderate certainty evidences, while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.ConclusionsSemaglutide 2.4 mg showed the greatest effects on losing body weight, controlling glycaemic level and reducing blood pressure while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258103.
Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with bodyweight support–tai chi footwork for motor function of stroke survivors: a study protocol of randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lai Ming-hui , Xu Hai-chen , Huang Meng-cui , Lu Yan , Yang Kun , Jiang Li-ming , Yu Xiao-ming 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionOur previous studies have proposed the bodyweight support–t’ai chi (BWS-TC) footwork training for stroke survivors with severe motor dysfunction and fear of falling, and have proven its positive effects for motor function. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) provides a non-invasive and safe way to modulate neuronal activity and provoke neuroplastic changes and to improve the motor function of stroke survivors. However, it is unclear whether the integration of BWS-TC and tDCS has synergistic effects on improving motor function of the stroke survivors.Methods and analysisThis study will be an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial involving 12-week intervention and 6-month follow-up. One hundred and thirty-five individuals with stroke will be randomly divided in a ratio of 1:1:1 into three groups. Control group A, control group B and intervention group C will receive tDCS and conventional rehabilitation programmes (CRPs), BWS-TC and CRP, tDCS-BWS-TC and CRP for 12 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome measures will include the efficacy (Fugl-Meyer Assessment), acceptability and safety of these interventions. The secondary outcome measures will include balance ability (ie, limits of stability and modified clinical test of sensory integration), walking function, brain structure and function, risk of falling, Barthel Index and 36-Item Short Form Survey. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks during intervention, and 1, 3 and 6 months during the follow-up period. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures will be applied to examine the main effects of the group and the time factor and group–time interaction effects for all outcome measures.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital (2021-7th-HIRB-017). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200059329.
Improving family functioning and reducing violence in the home in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial of Safe at Home
Authors: Falb Kathryn L , Asghar Khudejha , Blackwell Alexandra , Baseme Simon , Nyanguba Martin , Roth Danielle , Hategekimana Jean de Dieu 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of the Safe at Home programme which was developed to improve family well-being and prevent multiple forms of violence in the home.DesignWaitlisted pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.SettingNorth Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo.Participants202 heterosexual couples.InterventionThe Safe at Home programme.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was family functioning, with secondary outcomes of past-3 month co-occurring violence, intimate partner violence (IPV) and harsh discipline. Pathway mechanisms assessed included attitudes related to acceptance of harsh discipline, gender equitable attitudes, positive parenting skills and power sharing within the couple.ResultsNo significant improvements in family functioning were documented for women (β=1.49; 95% CI: −2.75 to 5.74; p=0.49) and men (β=1.09; 95% CI: −3.13 to 4.74; p=0.69). However, women in Safe at Home reported a OR=0.15 (p=0.000), OR=0.23 (p=0.001) and OR=0.29 (p=0.013) change in co-occurring IPV and harsh discipline; physical/sexual/emotional IPV by their partner and use of physical and/or emotional harsh discipline against their child, respectively, as compared with women in the waitlisted group. Men participating in Safe at Home reported a OR=0.23 (p=0.005) change in perpetration of co-occurring violence, OR=0.26 (p=0.003) change in any form of IPV perpetration and OR=0.56 (p=0.19) change in use of harsh discipline against their child as compared with the waitlist arm. Positive changes were also noted in pathway variables around attitudes, skills and behaviours within couples.ConclusionThis pilot trial demonstrated the Safe at Home programme to be highly effective in preventing multiple forms of violence in the home and improving equitable attitudes and skills in couples. Future research should assess longitudinal impact and implementation at scale.Trial registration numberNCT04163549.
Characterising the burden of chronic kidney disease among people with type 2 diabetes in England: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Cook Sarah , Schmedt Niklas , Broughton Julie , Kalra Philip A , Tomlinson Laurie A , Quint Jennifer K 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo describe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and rates of cardiovascular and renal complications for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated in routine clinical care.DesignRepeat cross-sectional study (6 monthly cross-sections) and cohort study from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.SettingPrimary care data from English practices contributing to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality data.ParticipantsPatients with T2D aged >18 years, at least one year of registration data.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome was prevalence of CKD defined as chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and/or urinary albumin creatinine ratio ≥3 mg/mmol in the past 24 months. Secondary outcomes were prescriptions of medications of interest and clinical and demographic characteristics in the past 3 months.In the cohort study rates of renal and cardiovascular complications, all-cause mortality and hospitalisations over the study period were compared among those with and without CKD.ResultsThere were 574 190 eligible patients with T2D as of 1 January 2017 and 664 296 as of 31 December 2019. Estimated prevalence of CKD across the study period was stable at approximately 30%. Medication use was stable over time in people with CKD and T2D, with low use of steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (approximately 4.5% across all time points) and a low use but steady increase in use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (from 2.6% to 6.2%). Rates of all complications were higher in those with CKD at the start of the study period, with increasing rates, with increased severity of CKD, heart failure and albuminuria.ConclusionsThe burden of CKD in patients with T2D is high and associated with substantially increased rates of complications particularly in those with comorbid heart failure.
Towards exploring current challenges and future opportunities relating to the prehospital triage of patients with traumatic brain injury: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Alqurashi Naif , Alotaibi Ahmed , Bell Steve , Lecky Fiona , Body Richard 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health burden that results in disability and loss of health. Identifying those patients who require specialist neuroscience care can be challenging due to the low accuracy of existing prehospital trauma triage tools. Despite the widespread use of decision aids to ‘rule out’ TBI in hospitals, they are not widely used in the prehospital environment. We aim to provide a snapshot of current prehospital practices in the UK, and to explore facilitators and challenges that may be encountered when adopting new tools for decision support.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods study will be conducted using a convergent design approach. In the first phase, we will conduct a national survey of current practice in which every participating ambulance service in the UK will receive an online questionnaire, and only one response is required. In the second phase, semistructured interviews will be conducted to explore the perceptions of ambulance service personnel regarding the implementation of new triage methods that may enhance triage decisions. The survey questions and the interview topic guide were piloted and externally reviewed. Quantitative data will be summarised using descriptive statistics; qualitative data will be analysed thematically.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Health Research Authority (REC reference 22/HRA/2035). Our findings may inform the design of future care pathways and research as well as identify challenges and opportunities for future development of prehospital triage tools for patients with suspected TBI. Our findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, relevant national and international conferences, and will be included in a PhD thesis.
Qualitative interview study exploring the early identification and referral of patients with suspected head and neck cancer by community pharmacists in England
Authors: Sturrock Andrew , Bissett Susan M , Carrozzo Marco , Lish Rachel , Howe Debora , Mountain Sue , Nugent Michael , O’Hara James , Preshaw Philip M , Todd Adam , Wilkes Scott 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo explore pharmacists’ perceptions of, and attitudes towards, the early identification and referral of patients with signs and symptoms indicating potential diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) in community pharmacy settings.DesignQualitative methodology, using constant comparative analysis to undertake an iterative series of semistructured interviews. Framework analysis facilitated the identification of salient themes.SettingCommunity pharmacies in Northern England.Participants17 community pharmacists.ResultsFour salient and inter-related categories emerged: (1) Opportunity and access, indicating frequent consultations with patients presenting with potential HNC symptoms and the accessible nature of community pharmacists; (2) Knowledge gap, indicating knowledge of key referral criteria, but limited experience and expertise in undertaking more holistic patient assessments to inform clinical decision making; (3) Referral pathways and workloads; indicating good working relationships with general medical practices, but limited collaboration with dental services, and a desire to engage with formal referral pathways, but current practices based entirely on signposting resulting in a potential lack of safety-netting, no auditable trail, feedback mechanism or integration into the multidisciplinary team; (4) Utilisation of clinical decision support tools; indicating that no participants were aware the Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator (HaNC-RC V2) for HNC but were positive towards the use of such tools to improve decision making. HaNC-RC V2 was seen as a potential tool to facilitate a more holistic approach to assessing patient’s symptoms, acting as a prompt to further explore a patient’s presentation, requiring further investigation in this context.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies offer access to patients and high-risk populations that could support HNC awareness initiatives, earlier identification and referral. However, further work to develop a sustainable and cost-effective approach to integrating pharmacists into cancer referral pathways is needed, alongside appropriate training for pharmacists to successfully deliver optimum patient care.
Socioeconomic position and eye health outcomes: identifying inequality in rapid population-based surveys
Authors: McCormick Ian , Kim Min J , Hydara Abba , Olaniyan Segun I , Jobe Modou , Badjie Omar , Sanyang Nyakassi M B , Jarju Gibril , Njai Modou , Sankareh Alhagie , Bastawrous Andrew , Allen Luke , Mactaggart Islay , Burton Matthew J , Ramke Jacqueline 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveMonitoring health outcomes disaggregated by socioeconomic position (SEP) is crucial to ensure no one is left behind in efforts to achieve universal health coverage. In eye health planning, rapid population surveys are most commonly implemented; these need an SEP measure that is feasible to collect within the constraints of a streamlined examination protocol. We aimed to assess whether each of four SEP measures identified inequality—an underserved group or socioeconomic gradient—in key eye health outcomes.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.ParticipantsA subset of 4020 adults 50 years and older from a nationally representative sample of 9188 adults aged 35 years and older in The Gambia.Outcome measuresBlindness (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <3/60), any vision impairment (VI) (PVA <6/12), cataract surgical coverage (CSC) and effective cataract surgical coverage (eCSC) at two operable cataract thresholds (<6/12 and <6/60) analysed by one objective asset-based measure (EquityTool) and three subjective measures of relative SEP (a self-reported economic ladder question and self-reported household food adequacy and income sufficiency).ResultsSubjective household food adequacy and income sufficiency demonstrated a socioeconomic gradient (queuing pattern) in point estimates of any VI and CSC and eCSC at both operable cataract thresholds. Any VI, CSC <6/60 and eCSC <6/60 were worse among people who reported inadequate household food compared with those with just adequate food. Any VI and CSC <6/60 were worse among people who reported not enough household income compared with those with just enough income. Neither the subjective economic ladder question nor the objective asset-wealth measure demonstrated any socioeconomic gradient or pattern of inequality in any of the eye health outcomes.ConclusionWe recommend pilot-testing self-reported food adequacy and income sufficiency as SEP variables in vision and eye health surveys in other locations, including assessing the acceptability, reliability and repeatability of each question.
Antimicrobial resistance in topical treatments for microbial keratitis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tuft Stephen , Evans Jennifer , Gordon Iris , Leck Astrid , Stone Neil , Neal Timothy , Macleod David , Kaye Stephen , Burton Matthew J 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThere is evidence for increased resistance against the antimicrobials used to treat keratitis. This review aims to provide global and regional prevalence estimates of antimicrobial resistance in corneal isolates and the range of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) with their associated resistance breakpoints.Methods and analysisWe report this protocol following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. We will conduct an electronic bibliographic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies will report in any language data for the resistance or MIC for antimicrobials against bacterial, fungal or amoebic organisms isolated from suspected microbial keratitis. Studies that only report on viral keratitis will not be included. There will be no time restrictions on the date of publication. Screening for eligible studies, assessment of risk of bias and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently, using predefined inclusion criteria and prepiloted data extraction forms. We will resolve disagreements between the reviewers by discussion and, if required, a third (senior) reviewer will arbitrate. We will assess the risk of bias using a tool validated in prevalence studies. The certainty of the evidence will be assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Pooled proportion estimates will be calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2statistic. We will explore differences between Global Burden of Disease regions and temporal trends.Ethics approval and disseminationEthics approval is not required as this is a protocol for a systematic review of published data. The findings of this review will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023331126.