bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with the reported scores on the symptoms severity and functional limitations scales of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Jasim Ameer , Sarhan Fajr M.A. , Al-Abbasi Ghaith , Ali Ali B. , Alaraj Rami S.N. , Yasin Diana , Macciacchera Matthew , Bouchard Marc , Ibrahim Ibrahim K. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. It presents with numbness, paresthesias, and pain. Multiple risk factors are associated with CTS, such as pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and diabetes mellitus (DM). The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) is a self-administered questionnaire for assessing the severity of symptoms and functional status of those previously diagnosed with CTS. We aim to identify risk factors associated with higher scores of CTS symptoms severity and functional limitations scales on the BCTQ.

Materials and methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 366 female participants. The data was mainly collected using the BCTQ. Demographics and risk factors of CTS were added to the study’s complete questionnaire; risk factors included RA, DM, hypothyroidism, number of pregnancies, usage of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), use of smartphones and keyboards. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Most participants were in their 30s (44%) and housewives. RA, DM, hypothyroidism, and pregnancy were associated with reporting symptoms and functional limitations on BCTQ. OCPs and smartphone use were associated with functional limitations only.

Conclusion:
Different risk factors are associated with reporting symptoms and functional limitations of CTS on the BCTQ. For example, RA, DM, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, OCPs, and smartphone use have all been found to statistically affect the outcome of the BCTQ in this study. Therefore, clinical confirmation of the CTS diagnosis is required in future studies to ensure that these symptoms and functional limitations are associated with the CTS pathology rather than other risk factors and pathologies for proper targeted treatment plans and outcomes.
Recent advances in artificial intelligence applications for supportive and palliative care in cancer patients
Authors: Reddy Varun , Nafees Abdulwadud , Raman Srinivas 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that has the potential to improve and augment the clinical workflow in supportive and palliative care (SPC). The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the recent studies applying AI to SPC in cancer patients.

Recent Findings
Between 2020 and 2022, 29 relevant studies were identified and categorized into two applications: predictive modeling and text screening. Predictive modeling uses machine learning and/or deep learning algorithms to make predictions regarding clinical outcomes. Most studies focused on predicting short-term mortality risk or survival within 6 months, while others used models to predict complications in patients receiving treatment and forecast the need for SPC services. Text screening typically uses natural language processing (NLP) to identify specific keywords, phrases, or documents from patient notes. Various applications of NLP were found, including the classification of symptom severity, identifying patients without documentation related to advance care planning, and monitoring online support group chat data.

Summary
This literature review indicates that AI tools can be used to support SPC clinicians in decision-making and reduce manual workload, leading to potentially improved care and outcomes for cancer patients. Emerging data from prospective studies supports the clinical benefit of these tools; however, more rigorous clinical validation is required before AI is routinely adopted in the SPC clinical workflow.
Current practices in managing end-of-life existential suffering
Authors: Di Risio Michelle , Thompson Alison 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of the review
Within the context of palliative care, existential suffering (ES) can be an exclusive source of suffering or intertwined with physical pain and/or psychological and spiritual suffering. With newly emerging modalities for addressing this phenomenon and its increasing salience given that many patients cite ES as a significant contributing factor to requests for hastened death, a review of recent interventions for addressing ES at the end of life is timely.

Recent findings
This review of newer approaches to dealing with ES in the palliative context suggests some promising new modalities and pharmacological interventions, such as brain stimulation and the use of psychedelics. The use of other pharmacological interventions, such as palliative sedation and lethal injections, solely for the alleviation of existential distress remains ethically controversial and difficult to disentangle from other forms of suffering, not least because a clear clinical definition of ES has yet to emerge in the literature.

Summary
The evaluation of end-of-life (EOL) ES mitigating tools should also consider how broader contexts, such as institutional arrangements and barriers, and cultural factors may influence the optimal management of dying persons’ ES in the palliative care setting.
Rethinking protocolized completion angiography following extremity vascular trauma: A prospective observational multicenter trial
Authors: Niziolek Grace M. , Keating Jane , Bailey Joanelle , Klingensmith Nathan J. , Moren Alexis M. , Skarupa David J. , Loria Anthony , Vella Michael A. , Maher Zoe , Moore Sarah Ann , Smith Michael C. , Leung Amanda , Shuster Kevin M. , Seamon Mark J. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Completion angiography (CA) is commonly used following repair of extremity vascular injury and is recommended by the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guidelines for extremity trauma. However, it remains unclear which patients benefit from CA because only level 3 evidence exists.

METHODS
This prospective observational multicenter (18LI, 2LII) analysis included patients 15 years or older with extremity vascular injuries requiring operative management. Clinical variables and outcomes were analyzed with respect to with our primary study endpoint, which is need for secondary vascular intervention.

RESULTS
Of 438 patients, 296 patients required arterial repair, and 90 patients (30.4%) underwent CA following arterial repair. Institutional protocol (70.9%) was cited as the most common reason to perform CA compared with concern for inadequate repair (29.1%). No patients required a redo extremity vascular surgery if a CA was performed per institutional protocol; however, 26.7% required redo vascular surgery if the CA was performed because of a concern for inadequate repair. No differences were observed in hospital mortality, length of stay, extremity ischemia, or need for amputation between those who did and did not undergo CA.

CONCLUSION
Completion angiogram following major extremity injury should be considered in a case-by-case basis. Limiting completion angiograms to those patients with concern for an inadequate vascular repair may limit unnecessary surgery and morbidity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Automated partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta reduces blood loss and hypotension in a highly lethal porcine liver injury model
Authors: Cambronero Gabriel E. , Sanin Gloria D. , Patel Nathan T.P. , Ganapathy Aravindh S. , Lane Magan R. , Patterson James W. , Niebler Jacob A.P. , Johnson M. Austin , Rahbar Elaheh , Jordan James E. , Neff Lucas P. , Williams Timothy K. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Partial and intermittent resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (pREBOA and iREBOA, respectively) are lifesaving techniques designed to extend therapeutic duration, mitigate ischemia, and bridge patients to definitive hemorrhage control. We hypothesized that automated pREBOA balloon titration compared with automated iREBOA would reduce blood loss and hypotensive episodes over a 90-minute intervention phase compared with iREBOA in an uncontrolled liver hemorrhage swine model.

METHODS
Twenty-four pigs underwent an uncontrolled hemorrhage by liver transection and were randomized to automated pREBOA (n = 8), iREBOA (n = 8), or control (n = 8). Once hemorrhagic shock criteria were met, controls had the REBOA catheter removed and received transfusions only for hypotension. The REBOA groups received 90 minutes of either iREBOA or pREBOA therapy. Surgical hemostasis was obtained, hemorrhage volume was quantified, and animals were transfused to euvolemia and then underwent 1.5 hours of automated critical care.

RESULTS
The control group had significantly higher mortality rate (5 of 8) compared with no deaths in both REBOA groups, demonstrating that the liver injury is highly lethal (p = 0.03). During the intervention phase, animals in the iREBOA group spent a greater proportion of time in hypotension than the pREBOA group (20.7% [16.2–24.8%] vs. 0.76% [0.43–1.14%]; p < 0.001). The iREBOA group required significantly more transfusions than pREBOA (21.0 [20.0–24.9] mL/kg vs. 12.1 [9.5–13.9] mL/kg; p = 0.01). At surgical hemostasis, iREBOA had significantly higher hemorrhage volumes compared with pREBOA (39.2 [29.7–44.95] mL/kg vs. 24.7 [21.6–30.8] mL/kg; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION
Partial REBOA animals spent significantly less time at hypotension and had decreased transfusions and blood loss. Both pREBOA and iREBOA prevented immediate death compared with controls. Further refinement of automated pREBOA is necessary, and controller algorithms may serve as vital control inputs for automated transfusion.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Early posttraumatic brain injury tranexamic acid prevents blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability and improves surrogates of neuroclinical recovery
Authors: Culkin Matthew C. , Bele Priyanka , Georges Anastasia P. , Lopez Alfonso J. , Niziolek Grace , Jacovides Christina L. , Song Hailong , Johnson Victoria E. , Kaplan Lewis J. , Smith Douglas H. , Pascual Jose L. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Tranexamic acid (TXA) given early, but not late, after traumatic brain injury (TBI) appears to improve survival. This may be partly related to TXA-driven profibrinolysis and increased leukocyte (LEU)-mediated inflammation when administered late post-injury. We hypothesized that early TXA (1 hour post-TBI), blunts penumbral, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leukocyte-endothelial cell (LEU-EC) interactions and microvascular permeability, in vivo when compared with late administration (24 hours post-TBI)

METHODS
CD1 male mice (n = 35) were randomized to severe TBI (injury by controlled cortical impact; injury: velocity, 6 m/s; depth, 1 mm; diameter, 3 mm) or sham craniotomy followed by intravenous saline (placebo) at 1 hour, or TXA (30 mg/kg) at 1 hour or 24 hours. At 48 hours, in vivo pial intravital microscopy visualized live penumbral LEU-EC interactions and BBB microvascular fluorescent albumin leakage. Neuroclinical recovery was assessed by the Garcia Neurological Test (motor, sensory, reflex, and balance assessments) and body weight loss recovery at 1 and 2 days after injury. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction assessed intergroup differences (p < 0.05).

RESULTS
One-hour, but not 24-hour, TXA improved Garcia Neurological Test performance on day 1 post-TBI compared with placebo. Both 1 hour and 24 hours TXA similarly improved day 1 weight loss recovery, but only 1 hour TXA significantly improved weight loss recovery on day 2 compared with placebo (p = 0.04). No intergroup differences were found in LEU rolling or adhesion between injured animal groups. Compared with untreated injured animals, only TXA at 1 hour reduced BBB permeability.

CONCLUSION
Only early post-TBI TXA consistently improves murine neurological recovery. Tranexamic acid preserves BBB integrity but only when administered early. This effect appears independent of LEU-EC interactions and demonstrates a time-sensitive effect that supports only early TXA administration.
Global trends in antimicrobial resistance on organic and conventional farms
Authors: Ager Eldon O. , Carvalho Tamilie , Silva Erin , Ricke Steven C. , Hite Jessica L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTVarious stewardship policies, regulations, and voluntary bans have focused on protecting antimicrobials by limiting their use in livestock. These efforts ignited management shifts ranging from largely nominal (e.g., drugs banned for use as ‘growth promoters’ were reclassified as ‘prophylactic’ drugs) to organic farming, which drastically reduces or eliminates use of antimicrobials. Understanding how these farming practices influence the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in livestock carries important implications for policy makers, public health officials, and farm managers. Here, we reviewed studies spanning the last 20 years to ask if the most stringent effort to reduce antimicrobial use in livestock — organic farming — results in notable reductions in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance across broad scale geographic ranges, pathogens, and livestock hosts. Our results validate organic farming in reducing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by ∼31.2%,∼26.9%, ∼28.2%,∼42.9 and ∼36.2% in cattle, chicken, environment, pigs and turkey respectively while also revealing significant variation in the strength of this reduction across contexts. Given that our results join others indicating that AMR is increasing across all types of farms, our results highlight areas where organic farming has been most effective and may provide economical and scalable solutions for farmers.
Estimating amino acid substitution models from genome datasets: A simulation study on the performance of estimated models
Authors: Nguyen Huy Tinh , Dang Cuong Cao , Sy Vinh Le 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstimating amino acid substitution models is a crucial task in bioinformatics. The maximum likelihood (ML) approach has been proposed to estimate amino acid substitution models from large datasets. The quality of newly estimated models is normally assessed by comparing with the existing models in building ML trees. Two important questions remained are the correlation of the estimated models with the true models and the required size of the training datasets to estimate reliable models. In this paper, we performed a simulation study to answer these two questions based on the simulated data. We simulated genome datasets with different number of genes/alignments based on predefined models (called true models) and predefined trees (called true trees). The simulated datasets were used to estimate amino acid substitution model using the ML estimation method. Our experiment showed that models estimated by the ML methods from simulated datasets with more than 100 genes have high correlations with the true models. The estimated models performed well in building ML trees in comparison with the true models. The results suggest that amino acid substitution models estimated by the ML methods from large genome datasets might play as reliable tool for analyzing amino acid sequences.
TerC Proteins Function During Protein Secretion to Metalate Exoenzymes
Authors: He Bixi , Sachla Ankita J. , Helmann John D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCytosolic metalloenzymes acquire metals from buffered intracellular pools. How exported metalloenzymes are appropriately metalated is less clear. We provide evidence that TerC family proteins function in metalation of enzymes during export through the general secretion (Sec-dependent) pathway.Bacillus subtilisstrains lacking MeeF(YceF) and MeeY(YkoY) have a reduced capacity for protein export and a greatly reduced level of manganese (Mn) in the secreted proteome. MeeF and MeeY copurify with proteins of the general secretory pathway, and in their absence the FtsH membrane protease is essential for viability. MeeF and MeeY are also required for efficient function of the Mn2+-dependent lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS), a membrane-localized enzyme with an extracytoplasmic active site. Thus, MeeF and MeeY, representative of the widely conserved TerC family of membrane transporters, function in the co-translocational metalation of Mn2+-dependent membrane and extracellular enzymes.
Nutrient Limitation SensitizesPseudomonas aeruginosato Vancomycin
Authors: Chan Derek C. K. , Dykema Katherine , Fatima Mahrukh , Harvey Hanjeong , Qaderi Ikram , Burrows Lori L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTraditional antibacterial screens rely on growing bacteria in nutrient-replete conditions which are not representative of the natural environment or sites of infection. Instead, screening in more physiologically relevant conditions may reveal novel activity for existing antibiotics. Here, we screened a panel of antibiotics reported to lack activity against the opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,under low-nutrient conditions, and discovered that the glycopeptide vancomycin inhibited growth ofP. aeruginosaat low micromolar concentrations through its canonical mechanism of action, disruption of peptidoglycan cross-linking. Spontaneous vancomycin-resistant mutants had activating mutations in the sensor kinase of the two-component CpxSR system, which induced cross-resistance to almost all classes of ý-lactams, including the siderophore antibiotic cefiderocol. Other mutations that conferred vancomycin resistance mapped to WapR, an α-1,3-rhamnosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. A WapR P164T mutant had a modified LPS profile compared to wild type that was accompanied by increased susceptibility to select bacteriophages. We conclude that screening in nutrient-limited conditions can reveal novel activity for existing antibiotics and lead to discovery of new and impactful resistance mechanisms.For Table of Contents Use Only
“Stop talking about gender:” Toward positive diversity and inclusion experience of female IT professionals in Poland
Authors: Sońta Monika 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the experiences regarding diversity and inclusion in the professional context. The stories of female IT professionals included the discussion around enablers and blockers of career and development in IT and talking about worst and best daily experiences at the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study that presents the findings from four focus groups with 50 participants – selected female IT professionals working in Poland. The IT professionals were taking part in the Women in Tech Summit in Warsaw in 2019. LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® projective technique has been applied during the group interviews to help the participants express their experiences in a creative way.FindingsThe findings include conceptualization of the three main sources of inequalities: (1) Imbalance in rewards and recognition and performance visibility (2) Inability to build wider women-oriented strategic alliances and meaningful relationships around D&I and (3) Willingness but no practical mechanisms to contribute to the business value and being a part of meaningful activities and two concepts of how to improve employee experiences, namely: business strategizing based on daily meaningful experience and mentoring others and impacting business reality through creating professional alliances that matter and are recognized as business value generators as the key directions.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was conducted before the pandemic.Practical implicationsThe research creates a practical conversational framework for managers giving directions on how to talk about diversity and inclusion in the workplace using a perspective of “daily interactions” and “everyday employee experiences”.Social implicationsThe emerged concepts help to direct the corporate discussions around Social Development Goal No. 5 – Gender Equality in a practical business dimension.Originality/valueThe originality is brought by (1) LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® – the method of creative exploration used during the focused groups (2) social significance of gender equality in the technological roles and industries, especially in the context of reskilling approaches (3) Central and Eastern European perspective of the research.
Managerial stereotypes over time: the rise of feminine leadership
Authors: Feenstra Sanne , Stoker Janka I. , Lammers Joris , Garretsen Harry 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
A key obstacle to women’s advancement to managerial roles and leadership positions is the stereotype of the “good” manager, which is characterized by masculine traits. Although this gendered managerial stereotype has been very persistent over the past decades, Powell et al. (2021) recently showed that business students in the USA reported a decreased preference for masculine leadership traits and an increased preference for feminine leadership traits, resulting in a so-called “androgynous” manager profile that contains both masculine and feminine characteristics. This study aims to replicate Powell et al.’s (2021) findings among an older sample of working adults in The Netherlands.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study tests for changes in the managerial stereotype in a sample of 5,542 Dutch employees across 2005, 2010 and 2020.

Findings
In line with Powell et al. (2021), the results confirm employees’ decreased preference for masculine and increased preference for feminine leadership traits in 2020 compared to 2005. Nevertheless, Dutch employees still favored masculine over feminine leadership traits in 2020, contrary to the findings by Powell et al. (2021).

Practical implications
These observed changes in the managerial stereotype could prove to be an important step forward for women’s advancement to management and leadership positions.

Originality/value
With the present study, the authors demonstrate cross-cultural generalizability and conclude that the stereotype of a “good manager” is not only changing among US business students but also among working adults in The Netherlands. Overall, this study strengthens the observation that the stereotype of a “good manager” is becoming less gendered.
Barriers to university social responsibility implementation in the Vietnamese higher education
Authors: Do Manh-Hoang , Huang Yung-Fu 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis article aims to identify the critical barriers to university social responsibility (USR) implementation and explore the most significant obstacles in Vietnamese higher education practice.Design/methodology/approachTo rank the vital barriers in USR implementation between public and private universities, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) techniques have been employed. The authors collected data from twenty experts across Vietnamese universities, ten respondents for each kind correspondingly. All experts have at least five years of experience in terms of the USR regard.FindingsSixteen critical barriers to USR implementation have been identified in the context of Vietnamese universities. Among these barriers, those related to legal issues, USR knowledge and stakeholders are deemed the highest priority to overcome. However, the findings revealed that the lack of metrics to quantify USR benefits, local societal pressure and the complexity of USR adoption are comparatively easier to remove when implementing USR initiatives.Practical implicationsThe article suggests that for Vietnamese universities to adopt USR initiatives successfully, higher education administrators and senior project managers should prioritize overcoming obstacles based on their university's capabilities.Originality/valueThis work is the first research considering the barriers and challenges of Vietnamese universities struggling to implement USR programs.