bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Mandatory Can We Make Vaccination?
Authors: Saunders Ben 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has refocused attention on the issue of mandatory vaccination. Some have suggested that vaccines ought to be mandatory, while others propose more moderate alternatives, such as incentives. This piece surveys a range of possible interventions, ranging from mandates through to education. All may have their place, depending on circumstances. However, it is worth clarifying the options available to policymakers, since there is sometimes confusion over whether a particular policy constitutes a mandate or not. Further, I illustrate a different kind of alternative to mandatory vaccination. Rather than seeking less coercive alternatives to a mandate, we might instead employ an alternative mandate, which requires people to do something less than get vaccinated. For instance, we might merely require people to attend an appointment at a vaccine clinic. Whether this mandatory attendance policy is justified will depend on specific circumstances, but it represents another way to promote vaccination, without mandating it. In some cases, this may represent an appropriate balance between promoting public health goals and respecting individual liberty.
Phylogenomics Reveals that Mitochondrial Capture and Nuclear Introgression Characterize Skua Species Proposed to be of Hybrid Origin
Authors: Mikkelsen Else K , Weir Jason T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The skuas and jaegers (Stercorariidae) are an enigmatic family of seven seabird species that breed at Arctic and Antarctic latitudes. The phylogenetic relationships amongst the species have been controversial, with one of the biggest enigmas involving the Pomarine Jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus), which has been proposed to represent a hybrid species originating from the merging of distant lineages within the complex. We inferred a phylogeny for the family using multispecies coalescent methods with whole-genome sequencing for all seven species of Stercorariidae, and document an evolutionary history rich in introgression. We uncover evidence for mitochondrial capture and nuclear introgression between S. pomarinus and Stercorarius skua, providing a potential avenue for adaptive introgression. One candidate for adaptive introgression is the MC1R plumage gene which appears to have introgressed from one of the large skuas into S. pomarinus, where it now forms the basis of the dark-morph color polymorphism of that species. We further highlight a complex biogeographical history of interchange between the Arctic and Antarctic, with unexpected close ancestry between S. skua of the northern hemisphere and Stercorarius antarcticus of the southern hemisphere. These results highlight the dynamic history of introgression during pelagic seabird radiation. [Incomplete lineage sorting; introgression; mitochondrial capture; phylogenomics; skua; species tree; stercorariidae; whole-genome resequencing.]
Local visualization of functions in work on optimization
Authors: López Silvia Soledad , Vivier Laurent 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Optimization is introduced to teaching in secondary school, focussing on functions of one variable with the first derivative criterion for critical points and monotonicity of functions. The second derivative criterion is also used to determine the nature of the critical points. Similarly, in university-level teaching, algebraic work using criteria is the predominant approach adopted for optimization of two-variable functions, but with much less meaning than for one-variable functions. To recover meaning, we designed a learning situation based on local approximations with the first- and second-order Taylor polynomial, both for one- and two-variable functions. The results show that the local visualization for first-order Taylor approximation was quite easy for students to understand (curve and tangent), but local visualization for second-order Taylor approximation (curve and osculatory parabola) was much less so. We also identify a competition between local and global visualization processes, which constitutes a newly identified visualization phenomenon.
Do parents vaccinated against COVID-19 protect their children from hospitalization due to COVID-19?
Authors: Günes Ömer , Gülhan Belgin , Guney Ahmet Yasin , Üçkardeş Fatih , Ozen Seval , Guder Latife , Mustafaoglu Ozlem , Bayraktar Pinar , Yahşi Aysun , Erat Tuğba , Kanik-Yuksek Saliha , Bayhan Gulsum Iclal , Ozkaya-Parlakay Aslınur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to determine whether parental vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevents hospitalization of COVID-19-infected children.

Methods
This study was based on data obtained from the records of pediatric patients that were followed up for virologically proven COVID-19 infection between August and October 2021, during which time the delta variant was dominant in Turkey and the children were isolating at home.

Results
There were 151 patients in the inpatient group and 218 in the outpatient group; the mean age was 172.5 and 145.5 months in the groups, respectively. The rates of obesity (22.5% and 6.4%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) and neurological–neurodevelopmental disorders (8.6% and 1.4%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly higher in the inpatient group than in the outpatient group. Of the outpatients’ parents, 67.4% (n = 147) were fully vaccinated vs. 38.4% (n = 58) in the inpatient group. In all, 39.7% (n = 60) of the inpatients’ parents were unvaccinated vs. 18.3% (n = 40) in the outpatient group. There was a significant correlation between the vaccination status and the patient groups (p &lt; 0.001); it was determined that the COVID-19 infection would be mild in children if both parents were fully vaccinated. When both parents were fully vaccinated against COVID-19, the hospitalization rate decreased and the outpatient follow-up rate increased.

Conclusion
Having both parents fully vaccinated against COVID-19 can indirectly protect their subsequently infected children from hospitalization and the long-term effects of infection. Nonetheless, more comprehensive research on delta and non-delta variants is needed.
Research on the improvement of the LaneGCN trajectory prediction algorithm
Authors: Zhou Bing , Zou Junjun , Wu Xiaojian , Chai Tian , Zhou Renjie , Pan Qianxi , Zhou Ruixuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The LaneGCN proposed by Uber has achieved good performance in trajectory prediction, but it has shortcomings in capturing long range information, expressing road information and modelling the strong and weak relationships of interaction between actors. In this paper, the LaneGCN is improved from three parts. Firstly, multi-scale long short-term memory is introduced to encode multi-scale trajectory information. Secondly, relative distance information is added to enhance the spatial expressive capacity of the model in the process of road information encoding. Finally, we build a weighted interaction model based on Graph Attention Networks in the process of road information encoding. In order to verify the performance of the improved model, ablation and comparison experiments are designed in this paper. The results showed that all the evaluation metrics are lower than the LaneGCN and the overall performance of the model is improved.
Regularity and sensitivity analysis of main parameters of plate effects on the aerodynamic braking drag of a high-speed train
Authors: Li Peng , Huang Sha , Liu Yong , Niu Jiqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With increase of train speed, braking plate technology has a good application prospect in the high-speed stage of the train. Based on the 1/8 scaled symmetrical train model composed of two half cars, the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and Shear Stress Transfer (SST) k-ω turbulence model are adopted to simulate the aerodynamic performance of the train with plate. The aerodynamic drag dependence of single parameter of the plate (shape, area, angle, position and number) is analysed, and identification research of the main aerodynamic parameters of the plate is carried out. The numerical settings used in this paper are verified by wind tunnel test data. Results show that the braking plate with an aspect ratio of one has better performance on aerodynamic drag. The area, opening angle and number of plates are basically positively correlated with the total aerodynamic drag of the target car and plate. Arranging plates at the downstream of the vehicle is a good method of raising total aerodynamic drag. Within the range of plate parameter design in this paper, by using orthogonal design of experiment and the method of range analysis and analysis of variance, the influence degrees of plate parameters on aerodynamic drag are determined, and the order is number, area and opening angle of plate. The research results provide theoretical support for the design and safe operation of high-speed trains with aerodynamic braking plates.
Path-planning algorithms for self-driving vehicles based on improved RRT-Connect
Authors: Li Jin , Huang Chaowei , Pan Minqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims to solve path planning of intelligent vehicles in self-driving. In this study, an improved path-planning method combining constraints of the environment and vehicle is proposed. The algorithm designs a reasonable path cost function, then uses a heuristic guided search strategy to improve the speed and quality of path planning, and finally generates smooth and continuous curvature paths based on the path post-processing method focusing on the requirements of path smoothness. A simulation test shows that compared with the basic rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT), RRT-Connect and RRT* algorithms, the path length of the proposed algorithm can be reduced by 19.7%, 29.3% and 1% respectively, and the maximum planned path curvature of the proposed algorithm is 0.0796 m-1 and 0.1512 m-1 respectively, under the condition of a small amount of planning time. The algorithm can plan the more suitable driving path for intelligent vehicles in a complex environment.
Fault diagnosis of railway point machines based on wavelet transform and artificial immune algorithm
Authors: Wu Xiaochun , Yang Weikang , Cao Jianrong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the current problems of high failure rate and low diagnostic efficiency of railway point machines (RPMs) in the railway industry, a short-time method of fault diagnosis is proposed. Considering the effect of noise on power signals in the data acquisition process of the railway centralized signaling monitoring (CSM) system, this study utilizes wavelet threshold denoising to eliminate interference. The results show that the accuracy of fault diagnosis can be improved by 4.4% after denoising the power signals. Then in order to attain a lighter weight and shorten the running time of the diagnosis model, Mallat wavelet decomposition and artificial immune algorithm are applied to RPM fault diagnosis. Finally, voluminous experiments using veritable power signals collected from CSM are introduced, which show that combining these methods can procure higher precision of RPMs and curtail fault diagnosis time. This substantiates the validity and feasibility of the presented approach.
CE: Evidence-Based Practice for Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Management
Authors: Ray-Barruel Gillian , Alexander Mary 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:
Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are among the most common invasive devices used in hospitalized patients, with over 300 million sold in the United States each year. However, about one-fourth of PIVCs are left in situ with no prescriber orders for IV medications or solutions, “just in case” they might be needed. PIVC insertion can be painful, is often unnecessary, and may increase a patient's risk of developing a bloodstream infection. This article reviews the evidence for the appropriate use of short PIVCs in hospitalized patients, assesses the ongoing need for PIVCs, provides recommendations for alternative options, and argues for promptly removing a PIVC that is no longer in use.
Ethical Care for Patients with Self-Managed Abortion After Roe
Authors: Manns-James Laura , Pfeifer Kelly , Gillmor-Kahn Mickey 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:
The 2022 Supreme Court decision leaving the regulation of abortion to the states is sure to result in a complex regulatory environment for patients and nurses. In states where abortion is illegal, patients may self-manage abortions using medications they obtain through the mail or by other means. Nurses may care for these patients in multiple settings and may wonder about their own legal and ethical obligations. This article reviews patient privacy as it relates to self-managed abortion, ethical reporting requirements for nurses, and best practices for treating complications of self-managed abortion using a harm reduction framework, with a focus on protecting patients' rights. Recommendations for ethical patient care are also provided.
Addressing CAUTIs with an External Female Catheter
Authors: Tran Christine , Rodrigue Debra , Jones Tasina , Bell Natalie 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) can lead to complications that prolong hospital stays and result in patient discomfort as well as increased health care costs and mortality. At our academic medical center in New York City, in 2016-17, 21 of 87 CAUTI cases (24%) were in bedbound female patients in whom indwelling catheters were used for incontinence. Although condom catheters were available as an alternative to indwelling urinary catheters for male patients, there was a lack of effective products for female patients.

Methods:
A team of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) conducted a literature search, reviewed internal data on CAUTI rates and catheter use, and searched for available catheter alternatives that would meet the needs of bedbound female patients. The team identified two different external female urinary catheters and piloted both with a focus on efficacy as well as stakeholder satisfaction.

Results:
In 2019-20, external female catheters were used in 1,195 unique patients. Approximately 90% of external female catheter use was to avoid using an indwelling urinary catheter. With a cost avoidance of $13,786 per patient, $16,473,912 in costs to the organization were avoided. CAUTI rates in bedbound female patients decreased after implementation of the external female catheters.

Conclusion:
This initiative demonstrates that external female urinary catheters can be used at other hospitals to decrease indwelling urinary catheter use and CAUTI rates in bedbound female patients.
Supporting Interprofessional Collaboration in Deprescribing: Needs Assessment for an Education Program
Authors: Kennie-Kaulbach Natalie , Gormley Hannah , McSweeney-Flaherty Jill Marie , Cassidy Christine , Kits Olga , Trenaman Shanna , Isenor Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Deprescribing is a complex process involving patients and healthcare providers. The aim of the project was to examine the learning needs and preferences of healthcare providers and students to inform the development of an interprofessional deprescribing education program.Methods: An online survey of pharmacists, nurses, nurse practitioners, family physicians, and associated students practicing or studying in Nova Scotia was conducted. Respondents were recruited by purposive and snowball sampling to have at least five respondents within each professional/student group. Questions captured participant's self-reported comfort level and professional role for 12 deprescribing tasks and their learning preferences.Results: Sixty-nine respondents (46 healthcare providers and 23 students) completed the questionnaire. Average comfort levels for all 12 deprescribing tasks ranged from 40.22 to 78.90 of 100. Respondents reported their preferred deprescribing learning activities as watching videos and working through case studies. Healthcare providers preferred to learn asynchronously online, while students preferred a mix of online and in-person delivery.Discussion: Learning needs related to deprescribing tasks and roles were identified, as well as preferences for format and delivery of education. Development of an education program that can provide a shared understanding of collaborative deprescribing tailored to learner preferences may improve deprescribing in practice.
Provider Educational Needs and Preferences Regarding Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care in a Pediatric Health System
Authors: Kirkpatrick Laura , Sharp Eleanor , Abdul-Al Ahmed , McCormick Andrew , Matheo Loreta , Kazmerski Traci M. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
There is limited evidence on educational needs and preferences of pediatric health care professionals regarding transition from pediatric to adult health care.

Methods:
We distributed an anonymous online survey to physicians and advanced practice providers at a large, free-standing children's hospital and associated primary care network to assess attitudes, practices, and educational preferences about transition. We analyzed data with descriptive statistics, chi-square, and logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 178 providers responded (20% response rate) across 31 specialties (66% attending physicians, 19% fellows, and 15% advanced practice providers). Less than half (43%) were comfortable in their knowledge of transition, with fellows reporting significantly lower comfort than attendings (P < .05). In total, 47% reported annually discussing transition with their patients (fellows: 17% vs. attendings: 50%, P < .05). Educational topics of greatest interest included legal (71%) and financial concerns (69%), whereas preferred educational formats included Grand Rounds/lectures (68%) and webinars (63%). Facilitators to transition included lists of local adult providers for transition (89%), parent/family educational resources (88%), and a medical summary template in the electronic health record (85%).

Discussion:

Major gaps exist in attitudes and practices related to transition. Identified educational strategies may serve as targets to improve the transition process through educational interventions.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for paediatric MRI by radiology personnel: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Karlsson Jacob , Lewis Gabriella , Larsson Peter , Lönnqvist Per-Arne , Diaz Sandra 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
MRI often requires sedation or anaesthesia to ensure good image quality in paediatric patients. Access to paediatric anaesthesia services is, however, a limiting factor for effective paediatric MRI service, and alternative sedation methods are, therefore, warranted.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of an intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation program for paediatric MRI, without immediate presence of anaesthesia personnel.

DESIGN
Single institution retrospective observational study.

SETTING
Tertiary care paediatric hospital.

PATIENTS
Children 0 to 12 years, ASA risk class 1 or 2 with heart rate within age-appropriate limit.

INTERVENTION
Radiology personnel administered an initial dose of intranasal dexmedetomidine of 4 μg kg−1 followed by a second dose of 2 μg kg−1 to the patients if needed. Recordings of image quality, critical events, heart rate, pulse oximetry saturation and noninvasive blood pressure before and after dexmedetomidine administration were made.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Changes in haemodynamic and respiratory data before vs. after intranasal dexmedetomidine were analysed for changes, and the incidence of critical events was evaluated as well as rate of successful MRI scans.

RESULTS
One thousand and ninety-one MRIs under intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation were included (mean age 34 months, 95% confidence interval (CI), 33 to 36, 599 male individuals). A success rate of 93% (95% CI, 91 to 94%) was found. No major critical events were recorded, total incidence of minor issues was 0.2% (95% CI, 0 to 0.7%). Five children had a heart rate under a preset minimal limit after dexmedetomidine (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9%). Significant decreases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure, within acceptable limits not requiring intervention, was seen after dexmedetomidine administration.

CONCLUSION
Intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation without immediate presence of anaesthesia personnel appears to be well tolerated and associated with minimal interference on MRI image quality.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.org NCT05163704, retrospectively registered.
Evaluating the Differences Between Fluorescein Tear Break-up Time and Noninvasive Measurement Techniques
Authors: Itokawa Takashi , Suzuki Takashi , Koh Shizuka , Hori Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
To compare fluorescein tear break-up time (BUT) and noninvasive BUT measured using interferometry and corneal topography.

Methods:
We investigated 34 eyes of 34 patients with dry eye (mean age 39.2±8.3 years) and 16 eyes of 16 non–dry eye subjects (33.5±6.5 years). Tear film stability was measured using fluorescein BUT, noninvasive BUT (NIBUT)-DR1 with an interferometer, and noninvasive keratographic BUT (NIKBUT)-first and average using corneal topography. Correlations between fluorescein BUT and noninvasive BUT parameters were determined statistically. The noninvasive BUTs were compared between the dry eye and non–dry eye groups. The agreement between fluorescein and noninvasive BUTs was described using Bland–Altman analysis.

Results:
Fluorescein BUT was significantly correlated with NIBUT-DR1, NIKBUT-first, and NIKBUT-average. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed bias and 95% limits of agreement between fluorescein BUT and noninvasive BUTs as follows: NIBUT-DR1: 2.07 s, −5.33 to 9.46 s; NIKBUT-first: 3.39 s, −5.46 to 12.24 s; NIKBUT-average: 6.61 s, −1.58 to 14.79 s. The noninvasive BUTs were significantly different between the two groups. When NIBUT-DR1, NIKBUT-first, and NIKBUT-average with Bland–Altman correction were used as an index for dry eye, the cut-off values were 7.1, 8.4, and 11.6 s, respectively. The sensitivities were 0.735, 0.818, and 0.727 and specificities were 0.500, 0.437, and 0.562, respectively.

Conclusion:
Fluorescein BUT and noninvasive BUTs were significantly correlated, and noninvasive BUTs had higher values than fluorescein BUT. Considering the differences between fluorescein BUT and noninvasive BUTs, noninvasive methods can be used as effective tool for diagnosing dry eye.