bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Europas Krisen und das Versagen der Medien – die überfällige Europäisierung des Journalismus
Authors: Schumann Harald , Simantke Elisa 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAnhand konkreter Beispiele – unter anderem der irischen und griechischen Staatsschuldenkrise der 2010er-Jahre – lässt sich zeigen, wie Massenmedien seit Jahrzehnten über europäische Themen allein aus der nationalen Perspektive ihrer Sitzländer berichten. Da die Journalistinnen und Journalisten zusätzlich oftmals nur geringe Kenntnis von den Vorgängen in den EU-Institutionen und den jeweils anderen Staaten haben, fehlt es Europa an einer adäquaten „Vierten Gewalt“. Die Qualität der Informationen und Kommentierungen bleibt hinter demokratischen Ansprüchen von Kontrolle, Aufklärung und Kritik deutlich zurück. Um der Misere zu entkommen, ist es notwendig, bei der Berichterstattung über Vorgänge in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft die Frage nach dem europäischen Kontext zum verpflichtenden Standard zu machen. Der Beitrag stellt Vorschläge zur Diskussion, wie dieses Ziel erreicht werden könnte.
Boundedness of Iwasawa Invariants of Fine Selmer Groups and Selmer Groups
Authors: Kleine Sören , Matar Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article we consider Selmer groups and fine Selmer groups of abelian varieties over a number field K. Following a classical approach of Monsky for Iwasawa modules from ideal class groups, we give sufficient conditions for the Iwasawa $$\mu $$
μ
-invariants of the fine Selmer groups and the $$\mu $$
μ
-invariants of the Selmer groups to be bounded as one runs over the $$\mathbb {Z}_p$$

Z
p

-extensions of K. Moreover, we describe a criterion for the boundedness of Iwasawa $$\lambda $$
λ
-invariants of Selmer groups and fine Selmer groups over multiple $$\mathbb {Z}_p$$

Z
p

-extensions which generalises a criterion of Monsky from dimension 2 to arbitrary dimension.
Social integration and risk of mortality among African-Americans: the Jackson heart study
Authors: Lee Harold H. , Okuzono Sakurako S. , Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , James Peter , Koga Hayami K. , Sims Mario , Grodstein Francine , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Evidence suggests that greater social integration is related to lower mortality rates. However, studies among African-Americans are limited. We examined whether higher social integration was associated with lower mortality in 5306 African-Americans from the Jackson Heart Study, who completed the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index in 2000–2004 and were followed until 2018.

Methods
We estimated hazard ratios (HR) of mortality by categories of the Social Network Index (i.e., high social isolation, moderate social isolation [reference group], moderate social integration, high social integration) using Cox proportional hazard models. Covariates included baseline sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health conditions, and health behaviors.

Results
Compared with moderate isolation, moderate integration was associated with an 11% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77, 1.03), and high integration was associated with a 25% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64, 0.87), controlling for sociodemographics and depressive symptoms; compared with moderate isolation, high isolation was related to a 34% higher mortality rate (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.00, 1.79). Further adjustment of potential mediators (health conditions and health behaviors) only slightly attenuated HRs (e.g., HRmoderate integration = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78, 1.05; HRhigh integration = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66, 0.89).

Conclusion
Social integration may be a psychosocial health asset with future work needed to identify biobehavioral processes underlying observed associations with mortality among African-Americans.
Balanced-Viscosity Solutions to Infinite-Dimensional Multi-Rate Systems
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Rossi Riccarda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider generalized gradient systems with rate-independent and rate-dependent dissipation potentials. We provide a general framework for performing a vanishing-viscosity limit leading to the notion of parametrized and true Balanced-Viscosity solutions that include a precise description of the jump behavior developing in this limit. Distinguishing an elastic variable u having a viscous damping with relaxation time $$\varepsilon ^\alpha $$

ε
α

and an internal variable z with relaxation time $$\varepsilon $$
ε
we obtain different limits for the three cases $$\alpha \in (0,1)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

and $$\alpha >1$$

α
>
1

. An application to a delamination problem shows that the theory is general enough to treat nontrivial models in continuum mechanics.
Diagnostic performance of deep learning–based reconstruction algorithm in 3D MR neurography
Authors: Ensle Falko , Kaniewska Malwina , Tiessen Anja , Lohezic Maelene , Getzmann Jonas M. , Guggenberger Roman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning–based reconstruction method (DLRecon) in 3D MR neurography for assessment of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus.

Materials and methods
Thirty-five exams (18 brachial and 17 lumbosacral plexus) of 34 patients undergoing routine clinical MR neurography at 1.5 T were retrospectively included (mean age: 49 ± 12 years, 15 female). Coronal 3D T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery fast spin echo with variable flip angle sequences covering plexial nerves on both sides were obtained as part of the standard protocol. In addition to standard-of-care (SOC) reconstruction, k-space was reconstructed with a 3D DLRecon algorithm.
Two blinded readers evaluated images for image quality and diagnostic confidence in assessing nerves, muscles, and pathology using a 4-point scale. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) between nerve, muscle, and fat were measured.
For comparison of visual scoring result non-parametric paired sample Wilcoxon signed-rank testing and for quantitative analysis paired sample Student’s t-testing was performed.

Results
DLRecon scored significantly higher than SOC in all categories of image quality (p < 0.05) and diagnostic confidence (p < 0.05), including conspicuity of nerve branches and pathology. With regard to artifacts there was no significant difference between the reconstruction methods.
Quantitatively, DLRecon achieved significantly higher CNR and SNR than SOC (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
DLRecon enhanced overall image quality, leading to improved conspicuity of nerve branches and pathology, and allowing for increased diagnostic confidence in evaluation of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus.
Are LMICs Achieving the Lancet Commission Global Benchmark for Surgical Volumes? A Systematic Review
Authors: Patil Priti , Nathani Priyansh , Bakker Juul M. , van Duinen Alex J. , Bhushan Pranav , Shukla Minal , Chalise Samir , Roy Nobhojit , Gadgil Anita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) set the benchmark of 5000 procedures per 100,000 population annually to meet surgical needs adequately. This systematic review provides an overview of the last ten years of surgical volumes in Low and Middle‐Income‐Countries (LMICs).MethodologyWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies from LMICs addressing surgical volume. The number of surgeries performed per 100,000 population was estimated. We used cesarean sections, hernia, and laparotomies as index cases for the surgical capacities of the country. Their proportions to total surgical volumes were estimated. The association of country‐specific surgical volumes and the proportion of index cases with its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was analyzed.ResultsA total of 26 articles were included in this review. In LMICs, on average, 877 surgeries were performed per 100,000 population. The proportion of cesarean sections was found to be high in all LMICs, with an average of 30.1% of the total surgeries, followed by hernia (16.4%) and laparotomy (5.1%). The overall surgical volumes increased as the GDP per capita increased. The proportions of cesarean section and hernia to total surgical volumes decreased with increased GDP per capita. Significant heterogeneity was found in the methodologies to assess surgical volumes, and inconsistent reporting hindered comparison between countries.ConclusionMost LMICs have surgical volumes below the LCoGS benchmark of 5000 procedures per 100,000 population, with an average of 877 surgeries. The surgical volume increased while the proportions of hernia and cesarean sections reduced with increased GDP per capita. In the future, it's essential to apply uniform and reproducible data collection methods for obtaining multinational data that can be more accurately compared.
Oculomotor abnormalities indicate early executive dysfunction in prodromal X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP)
Authors: Mertin Renana , Diesta Cid , Brüggemann Norbert , Rosales Raymond L. , Hanssen Henrike , Westenberger Ana , Steinhardt Julia , Heldmann Marcus , Manalo Hans T. S. , Oropilla Jean Q. , Klein Christine , Helmchen Christoph , Sprenger Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
X-Linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a movement disorder characterized by the presence of both dystonia and parkinsonism with one or the other more prominent in the initial stages and later on manifesting with more parkinsonian features towards the latter part of the disease. XDP patients show oculomotor abnormalities indicating prefrontal and striatal impairment. This study investigated oculomotor behavior in non-manifesting mutation carriers (NMC). We hypothesized that oculomotor disorders occur before the appearance of dystonic or parkinsonian signs. This could help to functionally identify brain regions already affected in the prodromal stage of the disease.

Methods
Twenty XDP patients, 13 NMC, and 28 healthy controls (HC) performed different oculomotor tasks typically affected in patients with parkinsonian signs.

Results
The error rate for two types of volitional saccades, i.e., anti-saccades and memory-guided saccades, was increased not only in XDP patients but also in NMC compared to HC. However, the increase in error rates of both saccade types were highly correlated in XDP patients only. Hypometria of reflexive saccades was only found in XDP patients. Initial acceleration and maintenance velocity of smooth pursuit eye movements were only impaired in XDP patients.

Conclusions
Despite being asymptomatic, NMC already showed some oculomotor deficits reflecting fronto-striatal impairments, typically found in XDP patients. However, NMC did not show saccade hypometria and impaired smooth pursuit as seen in advanced Parkinson’s disease and XDP, suggesting oculomotor state rather than trait signs in these mutation carriers. Neurodegeneration may commence in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
6H-Pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindoles: acid–base and complexation properties and electrooxidation model of metabolic degradation
Authors: Nesměrák Karel , Němcová Irena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of pharmacological interest were determined for ten 6H-pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindoles. The compounds studied were found to be weak bases with a pKa ranging from 2.38 to 3.46. Furthermore, the association constants of the studied compounds with cyclodextrins were examined. The formation of complexes was observed with 1:1 stoichiometry, γ-cyclodextrin was found to be the best complexing. Finally, the electrochemical oxidation of 6H-pyrimido[2,1-a]-isoindoles in 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium perchlorate in acetonitrile was studied as a model of their possible metabolic degradation. It was found to be a one-electron process, and the values of the half-wave potentials are in the range of 1.34–1.62 V (vs. Ag/AgNO3/NaClO4). The electrooxidation products of three selected compounds were prepared by preparative electrolysis and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. From the data obtained, it is evident that the electrochemical oxidation of the 6H-pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindoles begins with the formation of N-oxides, followed by dimerization of the molecule or, contrary to this, by oxidative cleavage of the pyrimidine ring. From a metabolic point of view, N-oxidation is the corresponding process to this pathway.
Graphical abstract
Erste Erfahrungen mit einem Multisymptomscreening auf Unterstützungsbedarf bei Patienten mit metastasierten Krebserkrankungen
Authors: van Oorschot Birgitt , Zechel S. , Roch C. , Jentschke E. 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Zertifizierungssystem der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) sind verschiedene Screenings auf supportiv-therapeutischen Bedarf empfohlen. Die neue Palliativkennzahl „Symptom- und Belastungserfassung mit MIDOS/IPOS“ (Minimales Dokumentationssystem/Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale) wurde 2022 multizentrisch pilotiert, in Würzburg mittels IPOS in einem kombinierten Fragebogen gemeinsam mit dem psychoonkologischen Screening und dem Mangelernährungsscreening im Sarkomzentrum, im Zentrum für endokrine Tumoren und im molekularen Tumorboard.

Fragestellung
Von Interesse waren neben den berichteten Symptomen und Belastungen auch die Häufigkeit von mehrfacher Positivität im Screening und die Informationswünsche über Unterstützungsangebote in Relation zur Entfernung Wohnort – Behandlungsort.

Ergebnisse
Den Fragebogen beantworteten 58/118 Zielpatienten (49,1 %). Alle Patienten berichteten über klinisch relevante Symptome oder Belastungen, zumeist im emotionalen Bereich. Im psychoonkologischen Screening waren 56,8 % auffällig, 46,6 % im IPOS-Screening bzgl. spezialisiert-palliativmedizinischer Mitbetreuung und 5,1 % im Mangelernährungsscreening. In 2 Screenings positiv waren 43,4 %, und 4,3 % waren in allen 3 Screenings positiv. Gezielte Informationen über die Unterstützungsangebote wünschten 53,4 %. Dabei kamen 47,6 % der Anfragen von Befragten, die weiter als 50 km entfernt vom Behandlungsort wohnten.

Schlussfolgerungen
Ein gemeinsames Screening ist umsetzbar und belegt den supportiv-therapeutischen Bedarf. Die bedarfsgerechte Unterstützung von weiter entfernt wohnenden Patienten bedarf innovativer Strategien.
Effect of glazing technique and firing on surface roughness and flexural strength of an advanced lithium disilicate
Authors: Lu Y , Dal Piva A. M. O , Nedeljkovic I , Tribst J. P. M , Feilzer A. J , Kleverlaan C. J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of glazing technique and firing on the surface roughness and flexural strength of an advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) and lithium disilicate (LD).

Methods
Eight groups of bar-shaped specimens (1 mm × 1 mm × 12 mm, N=160, 20/group) were manufactured from ALD (CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona) and LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). The specimens were then submitted to various posttreatments: crystallization (c), crystallization followed by a second firing (c-r), crystallization with glaze in one step (cg), and crystallization followed by a glaze layer firing (c-g). Surface roughness was measured by means of a profilometer, and flexural strength was determined using a three-point bending test. Surface morphology, fractography, and crack healing analysis were conducted using scanning electron microscopy.

Results
Refiring (c-r) did not affect the surface roughness (Ra) while applying glaze at both cg and c-g procedures increased the roughness. ALDc-g (442.3 ± 92.5 MPa) promoted higher strength than ALDcg (282.1 ± 64.4 MPa), whereas LDcg (402.9 ± 78.4 MPa) was stronger than LDc-g (255.5 ± 68.7 MPa). Refiring completely closed the crack in ALD, but it had a limited effect on LD.

Conclusions
Two-step crystallization and glazing improved ALD strength compared to the one-step protocol. Refiring and one-step glazing do not increase LD’s strength, while two-step glazing has a negative effect.

Clinical relevance
Besides both materials being lithium-disilicate glass ceramics, the glazing technique and firing protocol affected their roughness and flexural strength differently. A two-step crystallization and glazing should be the first choice for ALD, while for LD, glazing is optional and when necessary, should be applied in one-step.
Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas of the neck: topography of lesions and surgical treatment data of 69 patients
Authors: Friedrich Reinhard E. , Löhmann Daniel M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are rare tumors arising from peripheral nerve sheath cells. PNF are a hallmark in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a tumor predisposition syndrome. PNF often grow invasively and destructively, what may complicate surgical treatment. Data on frequency, location, and surgical procedures of patients with NF1-associated FPNF are scarce. This study provides treatment data of NF1 patients.

Methods
Localization and treatment data of 69 NF1 patients with neck PNF were analyzed. Frequency of lesions was recorded in coded colors on schematic neck drawings.

Results
The tumors showed no side preference, were located in the entire area under investigation, and did not respect anatomical units/dermatomes. However, the sternocleidomastoid region was particularly frequently affected. The mean number of surgical measures per patient was 1.33. Complications were extensive swelling, hematoma, and bleeding. Histological assessment usually confirmed the clinical assessment of neoplasm. However, histologic differentiation of PNST reveals differences in between tumors that have been unified in clinical assessment as PNF.

Conclusion
The color-coded, schematic overview of the frequency distribution of surgical neck interventions in NF1 patients with PNF proved a useful tool to gain assessment of preferred treatment needs. The imaging procedure may be suitable for controlling the external aspect of natural tumor development (growth, effects of aging) in the same way as the documentation of the post-surgical course. Treatment plans for patients with these tumors should consider that repeated interventions may be necessary to achieve a longer-term stable result.
Hospital admission and mortality rates for non-Covid diseases among residents of the long-term care facilities before and during the pandemic: a cohort study in two Italian regions
Authors: Mazzilli Sara , Scardina Giuditta , Collini Francesca , Forni Silvia , Gianolio Giulio , Bisceglia Lucia , Lopalco Pier Luigi , Chieti Antonio , Onder Graziano , Vanacore Nicola , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Gemmi Fabrizio , Tavoschi Lara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
Long-term-care facility residents are a vulnerable population who experienced reduced healthcare access during the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of hospitalisation and mortality rates, among this population in two Italian Regions, Tuscany and Apulia, during 2020 in comparison with the pre-pandemic period.

Subject and methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study on people residing in long-term-care facilities from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 (baseline period: 1 January 2018–8 March 2020; pandemic period: and 9 March–31 December 2020). Hospitalisation rates were stratified by sex and major disease groups. Standardised weekly rates were estimated with a Poisson regression model. Only for Tuscany, mortality risk at 30 days after hospitalisation was calculated with the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Mortality risk ratios were calculated using Cox proportional regression models.

Results
Nineteen thousand two hundred and fifty individuals spent at least 7 days in a long-term-care facility during the study period. The overall mean non-Covid hospital admission rate per 100 000 residents/week was 144.1 and 116.2 during the baseline and pandemic periods, with a decrease to 99.7 and 77.3 during the first (March–May) and second lockdown (November–December). Hospitalisation rates decreased for all major disease groups. Thirty-day mortality risk ratios for non-Covid conditions increased during the pandemic period (1.2, 1.1 to 1.4) compared with baseline.

Conclusion
The pandemic resulted in worse non-COVID-related health outcomes for long-term-care facilities’ residents. There is a need to prioritise these facilities in national pandemic preparedness plans and to ensure their full integration in national surveillance systems.
The recontextualisation and cultural compatibility of student-centred education: the case of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Kinuthia Heather 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article examines the purposeful introduction of the pedagogy of student-centred education (SCE) in one educational institution in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to consider its cultural compatibility. The study was undertaken in the largest higher education (HE) institution in the country where a key element of the institution’s two strategic plans over a nine-year period was to blend traditional and innovative teaching methods, including student centred approaches, into programmes of study. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to analyse the perspectives of seven non-citizen, Western teachers, as they recontextualise their practice. Drawing on Heidegger, the study explores the philosophical nature and significance of place as a way of thinking about the world. Findings revealed aspects of the teachers’ student-centred practice are challenging; the universal value of SCE is understood in relative rather than absolute terms with an overall need to diversify universal imaginings of pedagogy. Centralised curricula, high stakes final assessments and individualised performance management models ultimately determined learning experiences, leaving little room for any sustained inquiry into the recontextualisation of SCE. The study concludes that pedagogy is inescapably situated: practiced in terms of place orientated thinking. Transformation necessitates an epistemic institution where change is a public endeavour and teachers are positioned inside participatory processes with possibilities to renegotiate, rearticulate and resignify pedagogy.