bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gliotoxin-mediated bacterial growth inhibition is caused by specific metal ion depletion
Authors: Downes Shane G. , Owens Rebecca A. , Walshe Kieran , Fitzpatrick David A. , Dorey Amber , Jones Gary W. , Doyle Sean 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOvercoming antimicrobial resistance represents a formidable challenge and investigating bacterial growth inhibition by fungal metabolites may yield new strategies. Although the fungal non-ribosomal peptide gliotoxin (GT) is known to exhibit antibacterial activity, the mechanism(s) of action are unknown, although reduced gliotoxin (dithiol gliotoxin; DTG) is a zinc chelator. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that GT synergises with vancomycin to inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Here we demonstrate, without precedent, that GT-mediated growth inhibition of both Gram positive and negative bacterial species is reversed by Zn2+ or Cu2+ addition. Both GT, and the known zinc chelator TPEN, mediate growth inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis which is reversed by zinc addition. Moreover, zinc also reverses the synergistic growth inhibition of E. faecalis observed in the presence of both GT and vancomycin (4 µg/ml). As well as zinc chelation, DTG also appears to chelate Cu2+, but not Mn2+ using a 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol assay system and Zn2+ as a positive control. DTG also specifically reacts in Fe3+-containing Siderotec™ assays, most likely by Fe3+ chelation from test reagents. GSH or DTT show no activity in these assays. Confirmatory high resolution mass spectrometry, in negative ion mode, confirmed, for the first time, the presence of both Cu[DTG] and Fe[DTG]2 chelates. Label free quantitative proteomic analysis further revealed major intracellular proteomic remodelling within E. faecalis in response to GT exposure for 30–180 min. Globally, 4.2–7.2% of detectable proteins exhibited evidence of either unique presence/increased abundance or unique absence/decreased abundance (n = 994–1160 total proteins detected), which is the first demonstration that GT affects the bacterial proteome in general, and E. faecalis, specifically. Unique detection of components of the AdcABC and AdcA-II zinc uptake systems was observed, along with apparent ribosomal reprofiling to zinc-free paralogs in the presence of GT. Overall, we hypothesise that GT-mediated bacterial growth inhibition appears to involve intracellular zinc depletion or reduced bioavailability, and based on in vitro chelate formation, may also involve dysregulation of Cu2+ homeostasis.
Sliding mode control with an adaptive switching power reaching law
Authors: Wang Shijiao , Jiang Chengming , Tu Qunzhang , Zhu Changlin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a adaptive reaching law-based sliding mode control (SMC) method for maintaining favorable velocity control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) under internal and external perturbations. An adaptive switching power reaching law (ASPRL) is designed, which contains adaptive terms and state variables of the sliding mode surface function. This augmented reaching law decreases the chatter of the control system and increases the rate at which the state variables of the system reach the sliding mode surface. Additionally, a Luenberger observer load torque (LOLT) is designed to observe the external load and provide feedback to the velocity controller, reducing the impact of load disturbances and improving the jamming performance of the controller. Simulation experiments confirm that ASPRL reduces buffeting, decreases overshoot, and shortens response time, demonstrating its advantages in PMSM control.
Ceramide synthase CERS4 gene downregulation is associated with KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hayama Tamuro , Hama Kotaro , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Fujiwara Yuko , Nozawa Keijiro , Matsuda Keiji , Yokoyama Kazuaki , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Ochiai Hiroki , Misawa Takeyuki , Fukagawa Takeo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCeramide, the central molecule in sphingolipid synthesis, is a bioactive lipid that serves as a regulatory molecule in the anti-inflammatory responses, apoptosis, programmed necrosis, autophagy, and cell motility of cancer cells. In particular, the authors have reported differences in sphingolipid content in colorectal cancer tissues. The associations among genetic mutations, clinicopathological factors, and sphingolipid metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between genes associated with sphingolipid metabolism, genetic variations in colorectal cancer (CRC), and clinicopathological factors in CRC patients. We enrolled 82 consecutive patients with stage I–IV CRC who underwent tumor resection at a single institution in 2019–2021. We measured the expression levels of genes related to sphingolipid metabolism and examined the relationships between CRC gene mutations and the clinicopathological data of each individual patient. The relationship between CRC gene mutations and expression levels of ceramide synthase (CERS), N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (ASAH), and alkaline ceramidase (ACER) genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism was examined CRES4 expression was significantly lower in the CRC KRAS gene mutation group (p = 0.004); vascular invasion was more common in colorectal cancer patients with high CERS4 expression (p = 0.0057). By examining the correlation between sphingolipid gene expression and clinical factors, we were able to identify cancer types in which sphingolipid metabolism is particularly relevant. CERS4 expression was significantly reduced in KRAS mutant CRC. Moreover, CRC with decreased CERS4 showed significantly more frequent venous invasion.
Mo-doped cobaltous sulfide nanosheet arrays as efficient catalysts for the sulfion oxidation reaction promoting hydrogen production with ultra-low electric energy consumption
Authors: Tang Xiangmin , Zhang Yang , Wu Fangfang , Li Bing , Wang Jiexue , Li Xiaoqin , Rao Ruihua , Hu Jiapeng , Xiao Dan , Gao Taotao 
Published: September 2023

The doped Mo improves the SOR intrinsic activity of Co-based active sites in Mo–Co–S/NF; meanwhile, an advanced dissymmetrical acid-base-coupled electrolyzer is constructed to realize H2 and S8 production with low energy consumption.
Perceptions of Racism Among Graduate Students of Color in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy , Williams Liliana 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Audiology (AUD) and speech-language pathology (SLP) are White-dominated fields that operate within racist systems. Systemic racism has profoundly negative impacts on students and professionals who identify as Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). This study explored the perceptions and experiences of systemic racism in BIPOC AUD and SLP graduate students as a means to promote antiracism efforts in the fields.

Method:
A national web-based survey was used to collect information from 46 graduate students. The survey included quantitative questions about systemic racism in the AUD and SLP fields as well as open-ended questions regarding the personal, professional, and client-related impacts of racism. Analyses aimed to characterize patterns first within the overall BIPOC sample and then within three disaggregated racial–ethnic groups (Asian, Black, and Latino/a) to characterize potential differences within the heterogeneous BIPOC category.

Results:
On quantitative questions, a substantial majority of BIPOC students selected options consistent with perceptions of systemic racism and White privilege. Qualitative questions yielded several themes related to the personal, professional, and client-related impacts of systemic racism from the perspective of BIPOC students, including reduced access to educational opportunities as well as clinical services, experiences with appearance-based discrimination as well as overt racism, and persistent underrepresentation with accompanying feelings of otherness. Disaggregation of responses suggested some differences in response patterns across racial–ethnic groups, which may warrant further investigation.

Conclusions:
The perspectives of AUD and SLP graduate students reinforce other reports of systemic racism in the fields. Multiple actions are warranted to instigate systemic change that supports graduate students, professionals, and clients of color.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24171513
Dynamic speed harmonization for mixed traffic flow on the freeway using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hua Chengying , Fan Wei (David) 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the vicinity of weaving areas, freeway congestion is nearly unavoidable due to their negative effects on the continuous freeway mainline flow. The adverse impacts include increased collision risks, extended travel time, and excessive emissions and fuel consumption. Dynamic Speed Harmonization (DSH) has the potential to dampen traffic oscillation during congestion. However, its effectiveness is typically limited by the low compliance rates of drivers and delays in information access. The integration of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) into intelligent transportation systems aims to enhance various measures of effectiveness. This research investigates the effects of DSH in mixed traffic flow involving human‐driven vehicles and CAVs on the freeway. A deep reinforcement learning‐based strategy is developed to better understand how CAVs can improve operational performance. A holistic evaluation is conducted to quantify the impacts under different penetration rates of CAVs in multiple simulated scenarios. The results reveal that the proposed method can enhance mobility and achieve co‐benefits with safety, and environmental sustainability could be improved under higher penetration rates. Spatiotemporal features of bottleneck speed demonstrate that DSH powered by CAVs can smooth speed variations for partial areas. Sensitivity analysis of headways indicates that high‐level CAVs can further improve performance.
Effects of coronal mass ejection orientation on its propagation in the heliosphere
Authors: Martinić K. , Dumbović M. , Čalogović J. , Vršnak B. , Al-Haddad N. , Temmer M. 
Published: September 2023

Context. In the scope of space weather forecasting, it is crucial to be able to more reliably predict the arrival time, speed, and magnetic field configuration of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). From the time a CME is launched, the dominant factor influencing all of the above is the interaction of the interplanetary CME (ICME) with the ambient plasma and interplanetary magnetic field.
Aims. Due to a generally anisotropic heliosphere, differently oriented ICMEs may interact differently with the ambient plasma and interplanetary magnetic field, even when the initial eruption conditions are similar. For this, we examined the possible link between the orientation of an ICME and its propagation in the heliosphere (up to 1 AU).
Methods. We investigated 31 CME-ICME associations in the period from 1997 to 2018. The CME orientation in the near-Sun environment was determined using an ellipse-fitting technique applied to single-spacecraft data from SOHO/LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs. In the near-Earth environment, we obtained the orientation of the corresponding ICME using in situ plasma and magnetic field data. The shock orientation and nonradial flows in the sheath region for differently oriented ICMEs were investigated. In addition, we calculated the ICME transit time to Earth and drag parameter to probe the overall drag force for differently oriented ICMEs. The drag parameter was calculated using the reverse modeling procedure with the drag-based model.
Results. We found a significant difference in nonradial flows for differently oriented ICMEs, whereas a significant difference in drag for differently oriented ICMEs was not found.
Influence of the optical Fe II quasi-continuum on measuring the spectral parameters of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Popović Luka Č. , Kovačević-Dojčinović Jelena , Dojčinović Ivan , Lakićević Maša 
Published: September 2023

Aims. We explore the influence of optical Fe II quasi-continuum on the measured spectral parameters in the λλ4150−5500 Å range for the spectra of Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
Methods. We assume that the broad line region is composed of two sub-regions: the very broad line region (VBLR) and the intermediate line region (ILR). We constructed a large set of synthetic AGN spectra by taking different portions of the VBLR and ILR contributions, where initially the VBLR and ILR model spectra were constructed on the basis of prototypes of two observed spectra with dominant VBLR (i.e. ILR) emission. To investigate the influence of the optical Fe II quasi-continuum on the AGN measured spectral parameters, we fit the power-law continuum and emission lines in a set of model spectra, as commonly done for observed AGN spectra. We then compared the spectral parameters obtained after the fitting procedure with those of the model.
Results. We find that the optical Fe II quasi-continuum can be very strong in the case of spectra with strong and very broad Fe II lines and it is difficult to fully separate it from the power-law continuum. This gives the effect of a slightly underestimated Hβ width and underestimated fluxes of the Hβ and Fe II lines, while the continuum flux is then slightly overestimated. The most affected spectral parameters are the line equivalent widths (EWs), especially EW Fe II, which may be strongly underestimated. We discuss the possible underlying physics in the quasar main sequence, as implied by the results of our spectral modelling. We find that the set of AGN model spectra assuming different ILR and VBLR contributions can aptly reproduce the quasar main sequence, that is, the full width at half maximum Hβ versus Fe II/Hβ anti-correlation, where both parameters in this anti-correlation are strongly dependent on the ILR and VBLR contribution rate.
Editorial
Authors: Reuβ-Borst Monika 
Published: September 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,für die Ihnen heute vorliegende Ausgabe der „Aktuellen
Rheumatologie“ haben wir den Schwerpunkt:
„Komplementärmedizin“ gewählt und würden uns
freuen, wenn Sie sich ein wenig mit diesem Thema beschäftigen
würden.
Rheumatoide Arthritis und das intestinale Mikrobiom – Ein
potentieller Faktor in der Pathogenese der RA
Authors: Heidt Christina , Reuss-Borst Monika 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine chronische, entzündliche,
systemische Autoimmunerkrankung, die chronisch progredient verläuft und
zu schweren strukturellen Schäden und Funktionseinschränkungen
führen kann. Ihre Pathogenese ist komplex und nicht abschließend
verstanden. Neben genetischen, scheinen vor allem Umweltfaktoren eine wichtige
Rolle zu spielen. Der Darm bildet die „innere Grenze“ zur Umwelt
und kommt mit vielen Umweltfaktoren in Kontakt. Daher rückt der Darm in
den letzten Jahren und mit ihm das Mikrobiom zunehmend (wieder) in den Fokus der
Wissenschaft. Immer mehr evidente Befunde zeigen, dass die
Mikrobiom-Darm-Gelenk-Achse eine wichtige Rolle bei der RA darstellt.
Mikrobielle Dysbiose sowie eine intakte Darmbarriere („leaky
gut“) und daraus resultierende bakterielle Translokation stellen
potentielle Faktoren in der RA-Pathogenese dar. Hier fassen wir die derzeit
bekannte Rolle der intestinalen Mikrobiota für Entstehung und Verlauf
der RA zusammen. Wir betrachten dabei die neuesten Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet
der Mikrobiomforschung und beschreiben den Zusammenhang zwischen intestinaler
Dysbiose, intakte Barrierefunktion, bakterielle Translokation, adaptive
Immunantwort sowie einen möglichen diätetischen
Therapieansatz.
Optimization of Tissue Handling and Processing in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Practical Recommendation from a Multidisciplinary Panel of Indian Experts
Authors: Kaushal Rajiv Kumar , Menon Santosh , Shetty Omshree , Shet Tanuja , Desai Sangeeta , Mehta Anurag , Choughule Anuradha , Biswas Bivas , Midha Divya , Gupta Gurudutt , Ghosh Jaya , Mehta Jay , Prabhash Kumar , Nadeem Sayed Mahmood , Somashekhar S P. , Joshi Ujwala , Ramaswamy Veena , Koppula Veeraiah , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMolecular analysis of biospecimens is the key to diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of consolidated guidelines for biospecimen collection, tissue handling, and storage in India. Therefore, this study aims to generate expert recommendations for the optimization of tissue handling and processing practices in India in the era of precision medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical gaps related to tissue handling for molecular analysis and develop expert recommendations to mitigate preanalytical issues associated with biospecimen processing. These expert recommendations will help in increasing the diagnostic yield and accuracy of biomarker testing in clinical practice. A virtual advisory board meeting was convened with 19 experts, including pathologists, molecular biologists, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, and a senior histology technician from 10 hospitals in India, along with an accreditation officer for testing and calibration of laboratory procedures. The scientific coordinators developed specific questions to address the salient issues associated with the preanalytic phase of tissue specimen preparation. The experts discussed each question until a complete set of recommendations was obtained. The expert panel provided recommendations for tissue collection, processing, fixation, and block preparation to ensure high-quality biospecimens. As per the expert panel recommendations, tissue sampling can be performed from any easily accessible site, regardless of the primary or metastatic locations. In addition, the cold ischemia time should be <1 hour, 10% neutral-buffered formalin should be used as the fixative, isopropyl alcohol should be used as the dehydrating agent, the volume of tissue to fixative ratio should be 1:10, and all the paraffin blocks should be archived in dry, pest-free conditions at room temperature. The experts suggested that the formalin used for fixation should be freshly prepared and its pH should be checked daily; moreover, the pH and date of formalin preparation should be mentioned on the containers. The experts highlighted the need to educate multidisciplinary teams on the optimization of tissue handling practices and emphasized that a pathologist should always check the tissue for adequate quality and quantity for biomarker testing. The existing routine clinical procedures for collecting and handling biospecimens adversely affect their quality. The expert recommendations for preanalytical quality control would ensure high-quality biospecimens for molecular analysis and precision medicine.
Reconstruction of gravitational waveforms of coalescing spinless binaries in EOB theory based on PM approximation
Authors: Long Sheng , Zou Yanxun , Jing Jiliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a study of improving the gravitational waveforms of the coalescing spinless binaries in effective-one-body theory based on the post-Minkowskian approximation. The original ‘plus’ and ‘cross’ waveform modes of the gravitational wave generated by coalescing spinless black-hole binaries are extracted from the solution of the null tetrad component of the gravitational perturbed Weyl tensorψ4Bin the effective spacetime. To enhance the accuracy of the gravitational waveforms, after Damouret al, the waveforms are factored into five components which are the Minkowskian leading factorhℓmM,ϵ, the sourceSˆeff ϵ, the tail effectTℓm, the phase factoreiδℓm, and the residual termfℓm. In the equal mass ratio case, we find that the reconstructed waveform is closer to the five post-Newtonian result than the original waveform, while theρℓmfresummation method gives the better results.
Minority-spin conducting states in Fe substituted pyrite CoS2
Authors: Mukherjee Anustup , Subedi Alaska 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There has been a longstanding debate whether the pyrite CoS2 or its alloys with FeS2 are half metallic. We argue using first principles calculations that there is a finite occupation of minority-spin states at the Fermi level throughout the series Co

1
−
x

Fe
x
S2. Although the exchange–correlation functional influences the specifics of the electronic structure, we observe a similar trend with increasing Fe concentration in both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation calculations. Specifically, even as band filling is decreased through Fe substitution, the lowest-lying conduction band in the minority-spin channel broadens such that these states keep getting lowered relative to the Fermi level, which is contrary to the expectations from a rigid band picture. Furthermore, the exchange splitting decreases as more Co atoms are replaced by Fe, and this again brings the minority-spin states closer to the Fermi level. These two mechanisms, in conjunction with the experimental observation that minority-spin bands cross the Fermi level in stoichiometric CoS2, indicate that minority-spin charge carriers will always be present in Co

1
−
x

Fe
x
S2.
Super-resolution biomedical imaging via reference-free statistical implicit neural representation
Authors: Ye Siqi , Shen Liyue , Islam Md Tauhidul , Xing Lei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Supervised deep learning for image super-resolution (SR) has limitations in biomedical imaging due to the lack of large amounts of low- and high-resolution image pairs for model training. In this work, we propose a reference-free statistical implicit neural representation (INR) framework, which needs only a single or a few observed low-resolution (LR) image(s), to generate high-quality SR images. Approach. The framework models the statistics of the observed LR images via maximum likelihood estimation and trains the INR network to represent the latent high-resolution (HR) image as a continuous function in the spatial domain. The INR network is constructed as a coordinate-based multi-layer perceptron, whose inputs are image spatial coordinates and outputs are corresponding pixel intensities. The trained INR not only constrains functional smoothness but also allows an arbitrary scale in SR imaging. Main results. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework on various biomedical images, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence microscopy, and ultrasound images, across different SR magnification scales of 2×, 4×, and 8×. A limited number of LR images were used for each of the SR imaging tasks to show the potential of the proposed statistical INR framework. Significance. The proposed method provides an urgently needed unsupervised deep learning framework for numerous biomedical SR applications that lack HR reference images.