bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term temporal trends in incidence rate and case fatality of sepsis and COVID-19-related sepsis in Norwegian hospitals, 2008–2021: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Skei Nina Vibeche , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Knoop Siri Tandberg , Prescott Hallie , Lydersen Stian , Mohus Randi Marie , Brkic Alen , Liyanarachi Kristin Vardheim , Solligård Erik , Damås Jan Kristian , Gustad Lise Tuset 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo estimate temporal trends in incidence rate (IR) and case fatality during a 14-year period from 2008 to 2021, and to assess possible shifts in these trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.SettingAll Norwegian hospitals 2008–2021.Participants317 705 patients ≥18 year with a sepsis International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code retrieved from The Norwegian Patient Registry.Primary and secondary measuresAnnual age-standardised IRs with 95% CIs. Poisson regression was used to estimate changes in IRs across time, and logistic regression was used to estimate ORs for in-hospital death.ResultsAmong 12 619 803 adult hospitalisations, a total of 317 705 (2.5%) hospitalisations in 222 832 (70.0%) unique patients met the sepsis criteria. The overall age-standardised IR of a first sepsis admission was 246/100 000 (95% CI 245 to 247), whereas the age-standardised IR of all sepsis admissions was 352/100 000 (95% CI 351 to 354). In the period 2009–2019, the annual IR for a first sepsis episode was stable (IR ratio (IRR) per year, 0.999; 95% CI 0.994 to 1.004), whereas for recurrent sepsis the IR increased (annual IRR, 1.048; 95% CI 1.037 to 1.059). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the IRR for a first sepsis was 0.877 (95% CI 0.829 to 0.927) in 2020 and 0.929 (95% CI 0.870 to 0.992) in 2021, and for all sepsis it was 0.870 (95% CI 0.810 to 0.935) in 2020 and 0.908 (95% CI 0.840 to 0.980) in 2021, compared with the previous 11-year period. Case fatality among first sepsis admissions declined in the period 2009–2019 (annual OR 0.954 (95% CI 0.950 to 0.958)), whereas case fatality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 (OR 1.061 (95% CI 1.001 to 1.124) and in 2021 (OR 1.164 (95% CI 1.098 to 1.233)).ConclusionThe overall IR of sepsis increased from 2009 to 2019, due to an increasing IR of recurrent sepsis, and indicates that sepsis awareness with updated guidelines and education must continue.
Problems with accessing healthcare and associated factors among reproductive-aged women in the Gambia using Gambia Demographic and Health Survey 2019/2020: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tsegaw Menen , Mulat Bezawit , Shitu Kegnie 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo assess problems with accessing healthcare and its associated factors among reproductived-age women in the Gambia using the Gambia Demographic and Health Survey 2019/2020.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was based on a large, community-based cross-sectional survey, conducted from 2019 to 2020 in the Gambia. The survey employed a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique to recruit study participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to summarise descriptive data and identify factors associated with problems of accessing healthcare, respectively. A p value of less than 0.05 and 95% CI were used to determine statistical significance.ParticipantsA total of 11 865 reproductive-aged women (15–49 years) were included in the study. The mean age of the women was 28.21 with an SD of 9.33 and ranges 15–49 years. Regarding marital status, 7526 (63.43%) were married.ResultsThe magnitude of problems with accessing healthcare among reproductive-aged women in the Gambia was 45.5% (95% CI: 44.6%, 46.4%). Age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.48, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.95), being from rural residence (AOR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.53), parity (AOR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12), middle (AOR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.64) and greater wealth (AOR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.37), giving birth at health institutions (AOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.80), currently working (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86) and geographical region were significantly associated with problems of accessing healthcare.ConclusionProblems of accessing healthcare among women of reproductive age were high in the Gambia. Age, region, working status, parity, residence, wealth and place of delivery were the identified factors associated with problems of accessing healthcare. Policymakers and public health experts should consider those factors while designing maternal healthcare programmes. Affordable healthcare service programmes should be designed to increase healthcare access in the Gambia.
Multisystem recovery after sport-related concussion in adolescent rugby players: a prospective study protocol
Authors: McKee Connor Shane , Matthews Mark , Rankin Alan , Bleakley Chris 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSport-related concussion is one of the most common injuries in adolescent rugby players with evidence of prolonged recovery in some concussed athletes. Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process that can affect a variety of subsystems with multifactorial presentation. Most research on adolescents recovery after concussion focuses on neurocognitive functioning and symptom outcomes over the short term. There is a need to explore concussion recovery over time across multiple subsystems in adolescent rugby players.Methods and analysisThis prospective study will use sensorimotor and oculomotor outcomes in adolescent male and female rugby players aged 16–18 years. Players will be recruited from school or club rugby teams across the province of Ulster. Baseline assessment will be undertaken at the start of the playing season and will include questionnaires, Quantified Y Balance Test and Pupillary Light Reflex. Players who sustain a concussive event will be reassessed on all outcomes at 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 23 days, 90 days, 180 days and 365 days postconcussion. For serial outcome data, we will examine response curves for each participant and make comparisons between known groups. We will use logistic regression to explore any association between demographic variables and recovery. The strength of the predictive model will be determined using R2, p values and ORs, with 95% CIs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted for this study from Ulster University Research Ethics Committee (REC/14/0060). This study will be published in an open-access research journal on completion.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000931774p.
Surgical denervation as a treatment strategy for pain in hand osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: van der Meulen Coen , van de Stadt Lotte A , Claassen Aniek , Kroon Féline P B , Ritt Marco J P F , Rosendaal Frits R , Terpstra Sietse E S , Vochteloo Anne J H , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveSurgical denervation has been proposed as a treatment for pain in hand osteoarthritis (OA). This review aimed to summarise the available evidence and to propose a research agenda.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed up to September 2022. Two investigators independently identified studies that reported on denervation for OA of the proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal or carpometacarpal joints. Quality of studies was assessed and study characteristics, patient characteristics, details of the surgical technique and outcomes of the surgery were extracted.ResultsOf 169 references, 17 articles reporting on 384 denervations in 351 patients were selected. Sixteen case series reported positive outcomes with respect to pain, function and patient satisfaction. One non-randomised clinical trial reported no difference in outcome when comparing denervation of the first carpometacarpal (CMC I) joint to trapeziectomy. Adverse events were frequent, with sensory abnormalities occurring the most, followed by the need for revision surgery. All studies had significant risk of bias.ConclusionSurgical denervation for pain in hand OA shows some promise, but the available evidence does not allow any conclusions of efficacy and higher-quality research is needed. Techniques should be harmonised and more data regarding how denervation compares to current usual care, other denervation methods or placebo in terms of outcomes and adverse events are needed.
The Human Side of Fuzzing: Challenges Faced by Developers during Fuzzing Activities
Authors: Nourry Olivier , Kashiwa Yutaro , Lin Bin , Bavota Gabriele , Lanza Michele , Kamei Yasutaka 
Published: August 2023

Fuzz testing, also known as fuzzing, is a software testing technique aimed at identifying software vulnerabilities. In recent decades, fuzzing has gained increasing popularity in the research community. However, existing studies led by fuzzing experts mainly focus on improving the coverage and performance of fuzzing techniques. That is, there is still a gap in empirical knowledge regarding fuzzing, especially about the challenges developers face when they adopt fuzzing. Understanding these challenges can provide valuable insights to both practitioners and researchers on how to further improve fuzzing processes and techniques.
We conducted a study to understand the challenges encountered by developers during fuzzing. More specifically, we first manually analyzed 829 randomly sampled fuzzing-related GitHub issues and constructed a taxonomy consisting of 39 types of challenges (22 related to the fuzzing process itself, 17 related to using external fuzzing providers). We then surveyed 106 fuzzing practitioners to verify the validity of our taxonomy and collected feedback on how the fuzzing process can be improved. Our taxonomy, accompanied with representative examples and highlighted implications, can serve as a reference point on how to better adopt fuzzing techniques for practitioners, and indicates potential directions researchers can work on toward better fuzzing approaches and practices.
First records of Pantophthalmidae (Insecta: Diptera) for the state of Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Lia Pereira , Fachin Diego Aguilar , Krolow Tiago Kütter 
Published: August 2023

Pantophthalmidae (Diptera) are recorded exclusively in the Neotropical Region. Despite the large size of adults, their species are often rare and poorly represented in entomological collections. Only two genera and 20 species are known, of which 12 are recorded in the five regions of Brazil. In the North region, the family is reported from all states, except in Tocantins. The present work provides the first records of the family for Tocantins, expanding the distribution of two species, Pantophthalmus kerteszianus (Enderlein, 1914) and P. tabaninus Thunberg, 1819. Both species are recorded for the first time in the Cerrado biome. In addition, we provide photographs of the species and a distribution map.
Myocardial Flow Reserve, an Independent Prognostic Marker of All-Cause Mortality Assessed by
82
Rb PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Danish Multicenter Study
Authors: Højstrup Signe , Hansen Kim W. , Talleruphuus Ulrik , Marner Lisbeth , Bjerking Louise , Jakobsen Lars , Christiansen Evald H. , Bouchelouche Kirsten , Wiinberg Niels , Guldbrandsen Kasper , Galatius Søren , Prescott Eva 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (
82
Rb PET) myocardial perfusion imaging is used in clinical practice to quantify regional perfusion defects. Additionally,
82
Rb PET provides a measure of absolute myocardial flow reserve (MFR), describing the vasculature state of health. We assessed whether
82
Rb PET-derived MFR is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the extent of perfusion defects.

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter clinical registry-based study of patients undergoing
82
Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging on suspicion of chronic coronary syndromes. Patients were followed up in national registries for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality. Global MFR ≤2 was considered reduced.

RESULTS:

Among 7169 patients studied, 38.1% were women, the median age was 69 (IQR, 61–76) years, and 39.0% had MFR ≤2. A total of 667 (9.3%) patients died during a median follow-up of 3.1 (IQR, 2.6–4.0) years, more in patients with MFR ≤2 versus MFR >2 (15.7% versus 5.2%;
P
<0.001). MFR ≤2 was associated with all-cause mortality across subgroups defined by the extent of perfusion defects (all
P
<0.05). In a Cox survival regression model adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, kidney function, left ventricular ejection fraction, and perfusion defects, MFR ≤2 was a robust predictor of mortality with a hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% CI, 1.31–2.02;
P
<0.001). Among patients with no reversible perfusion defects (n=3101), MFR ≤2 remained strongly associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.26–2.73];
P
<0.01). The prognostic value of impaired MFR was similar for cardiac and noncardiac death.

CONCLUSIONS:
MFR ≤2 predicts all-cause mortality independently of the extent of perfusion defects. Our results support the inclusion of MFR when assessing the prognosis of patients suspected of chronic coronary syndromes.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Receiving Endovascular Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kong Qianqian , Wang Ziyue , Zhao Jing , Zhang Yi , Zhou Xirui , Wu Lingshan , Yu Zhiyuan , Huang Hao , Luo Xiang 
Published: August 2023

Background
It remains unclear whether neuroimaging markers of cerebral small‐vessel disease (CSVD) affect the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving endovascular treatment (EVT). The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the association between CSVD neuroimaging markers and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing EVT.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases up to July 2022 using keywords or Medical Subject Heading terms (“cerebral small‐vessel diseases,” “leukoaraiosis,” “microbleed,” “enlarged perivascular space,” “recent small subcortical infarct,” “atrophy,” “lacune,” and “thrombectomy”). The assessed clinical outcomes were a good functional outcome, 90‐day mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and early neurologic improvement after EVT.

Results

Overall, 30 studies on patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing EVT were included. Patients with absent or mild white matter hyperintensities had higher good functional outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 2.94 [95% CI, 2.44–3.53];
P
<0.001) and lower mortality rate (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.11–1.59];
P
<0.001), whereas the presence of cerebral microbleeds increased only the risk of 90‐day mortality (OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.44–0.83];
P
=0.002). Moreover, patients with moderate/severe CSVD burden had worse functional outcomes than those with none/mild CSVD burden (OR, 2.94 [95% CI, 2.44–3.53];
P
<0.001), but neither mortality nor symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
The existence of CSVD affected the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving EVT. Future multicenter prospective cohort studies with little heterogeneity should be prioritized to confirm our results.
Resilience and Nonideal Justice in Climate Loss and Damage Governance
Authors: Wallimann-Helmer Ivo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From a nonideal justice perspective, this article investigates liability and compensation in their wider theoretical context to better understand the governance of climate loss and damage under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The usual rationale for considering compensation takes a backward-looking understanding of responsibility. It links those causing harm directly to its remedy. This article shows that, under current political circumstances, it is more reasonable to understand responsibility as a forward-looking concept and thus to differentiate responsibilities on grounds of capacity and solidarity. The article argues that loss and damage entitlements in UNFCCC governance should be understood as entitlements to a threshold of capabilities for resilience. While compensation merely means redressing the situation ex ante a threat, entitlements to capabilities for resilience can entail more demanding responsibilities of support. This means that Article 8 of the Paris Agreement has much more demanding implications than it might at first appear.
Using a Drift Diffusion Model to Validate the Quantification of Style
Prototypicality as Assessed by the Viewers of Paintings
Authors: Ogata Shigen Fang , Tawatsuji Yoshimasa , Matsui Tatsunori 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When appreciating a painting, people often classify it into a style. The extent to which the painting is regarded as a typical example of the style is called its style prototypicality. The authors propose a method of quantifying style prototypicalities and conduct an experiment to validate this method using the drift rate parameter of the drift diffusion model. This parameter is calculated using participants’ decision-making response times. The authors find a positive correlation (r = .88, p &lt; .001) between the drift rates and the quantified prototypicalities for the paintings used in this study, confirming the psychological appropriateness of the proposed quantification method.
Touching Variables: Decolonial Approaches and New Tools for Ecological Data Visualization
Authors: Anania Katie , Stiglitz Cooper 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this article the authors activate decolonial feminist art history as a transdisciplinary protocol for organizing quantitative data. In foregrounding precolonial calculation tools as the basis for a new data visualization method, they present questions about how scientists might negotiate multiple interrelated variables in their research, opening more possibilities for narrating complex causes and effects of anthropogenic climate change and facilitating discussions about the relationship between climate change and settler-colonialism through visual means. While data science has historically prioritized Cartesian and Euclidean geometry as the most efficient tools for data visualization, the authors draw on Indigenous calculation tools that allow for more visual and semantic flexibility than the x-y axis.
Urban Intonation: Listening to the Rats of New York
City
Authors: House Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From urbanization to biomedical science, rats can be found in the foundations of modernity. Communicating ultrasonically above the ~20 kHz frequency limit of human hearing, rats are also well adapted for the human-built environment and its anthropogenic noise. For the sound installation Urban Intonation, the author recorded rats on the streets of New York City with an ultrasonic microphone and resampled and remixed the audio for playback over a human public address system. Repositioning rat sounds as something recognizable, if not intelligible, as speech prompts humans to reconsider their relationship to their oftreviled nonhuman cohabitants.
Between Motive and Result: Rethinking the Methods of Kant and Machiavelli in the Resolution of Moral Conflicts
Authors: Oyedola David A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study analyzes the importance which we attach to how moral conflicts are generated and resolved. It contrasts Machiavelli’s allusion to the attainment of a good result by using the method which could make the good result attainable, with Kant’s allusion to the motive behind human actions, where the motive dictates how moral conflicts are resolved. It posits that the methods adopted by Machiavelli and Kant in resolving moral conflicts differ. And that just as it may be difficult to accept the method adopted by Machiavelli because it could use a wrong method to resolve moral conflicts and possibly justify the rightness of the wrong method, the allusion of Kant to motive in the attempt to resolve moral conflicts cannot, also, be accepted because no moral agent has the moral capacity to predict or futurize the reason behind the motive of the action of others. It concedes that given these failings, Machiavelli’s method is more pragmatic or socially realistic than Kant’s allusion to the motive. This is because the Kantian motive is not as socially viable with many socio-political options to be made or opened to humans to accept as social agents. Thus, Machiavelli’s allusion to result is as a result of the philosophical import of his political or social orientation. The study adopts the methods of conceptual analysis and philosophical argumentation.
The Pacific Meridional Mode Influences ENSO by Inducing Springtime Near-Equatorial TCs in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Chu Qucheng , Lian Tao , Hu Ruikun , Feng Guolin , Chen Dake 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previous research has shown that tropical cyclones in the near-equatorial western North Pacific (NE-WNP TCs) in boreal spring are associated with the onset of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the cause of these TCs is unclear. Here, we find that the interannual activity of the springtime NE-WNP TCs is insensitive to the simultaneous ENSO intensity but is closely related to the springtime Pacific meridional mode (PMM). The lead–lag correlation between PMM and NE-WNP TCs is high from January to April, and the evolution of the SST anomaly associated with the NE-WNP TCs strongly manifests the seasonal footprint of the PMM. Analysis using AGCM experiments confirms that the positive PMM tends to reduce the vertical shear of zonal wind and sea level pressure and to increase vertical velocity in the middle atmosphere and surface humidity in the WNP. All of these conditions are favorable for NE-WNP TC genesis. We conducted CGCM experiments to validate that the NE-WNP TCs significantly influence ENSO development. A statistical regression model with respect to the impact of PMM on NE-WNP TCs and further on ENSO intensity was also conducted. The results imply that modulating the springtime NE-WNP TCs is another effective way in which the PMM influences ENSO.

Significance Statement
Some studies have found that springtime near-equatorial western North Pacific (NE-WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) heavily impact ENSO development. Using observations and AGCM experiments, we showed that the genesis of these TCs is closely associated with the Pacific meridional mode (PMM), presumably because the PMM provides favorable conditions for TC genesis. We further showed that including the PMM-induced NE-WNP TCs in a CGCM leads to an El Niño–like response. The linkage between the PMM and NE-WNP TCs not only supplements the existing theories about tropical–subtropical interactions but also provides a new way to improve ENSO simulation and prediction.
Measures Opposing Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Press Coverage in Argentina and Chile
Authors: Rein-Venegas Tatiana , Raquel Page-Poma Fernanda , Elizalde Roa María José , Sabrina Magnético Natalia 
Published: August 2023

Analysis of the media coverage of the measures opposing violence against women adopted by the governments of Argentina and Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that it sensationalized the violence without providing any in-depth analysis of the situation or adopting an intersectional perspective. Un análisis de la cobertura mediática en torno a las medidas para combatir la violencia contra las mujeres adoptadas por los gobiernos de Argentina y Chile durante la pandemia del COVID-19 revela que, si bien se sensacionalizó la violencia, esto se hizo sin profundizar en la situación o tomar una perspectiva interseccional.