bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Diseases by Race and Ethnicity and Social Risk Factors Among US Young Adults, 2011 to 2018
Authors: Shi Shuxiao , Huang Hengye , Huang Yue , Zhong Victor W. , Feng Nannan 
Published: August 2023

Background
Cardiometabolic health has been worsening among young adults, but the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases is unclear.

Methods and Results
Adults aged 18 to 44 years were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2018. Age‐standardized prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases was estimated overall and by demographic and social risk factors. A set of multivariable logistic regressions was sequentially performed by adjusting for age, sex, social risk factors, and lifestyle factors to determine whether racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases may be attributable to differences in social risk factors and lifestyle factors. Appropriate weights were used to ensure national representativeness of the estimates. A total of 10 405 participants were analyzed (median age, 30.3 years; 50.8% women; 32.3% non‐Hispanic White). The prevalence of lifestyle risk factors ranged from 16.3% for excessive drinking to 49.3% for poor diet quality. The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases ranged from 4.3% for diabetes to 37.3% for dyslipidemia. The prevalence of having ≥2 lifestyle risk factors was 45.2% and having ≥2 cardiometabolic diseases was 22.0%. Racial and ethnic disparities in many cardiometabolic diseases persisted but were attenuated after adjusting for social risk factors and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions
The prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases was high among US young adults and varied by race and ethnicity and social risk factors. Racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases were not fully explained by differences in social risk factors and lifestyle factors.
Assessing Model Requirements for Explainable AI: A Template and Exemplary Case Study
Authors: Heider Michael , Stegherr Helena , Nordsieck Richard , Hähner Jörg 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In sociotechnical settings, human operators are increasingly assisted by decision support systems. By employing such systems, important properties of sociotechnical systems, such as self-adaptation and self-optimization, are expected to improve further. To be accepted by and engage efficiently with operators, decision support systems need to be able to provide explanations regarding the reasoning behind specific decisions. In this article, we propose the use of learning classifier systems (LCSs), a family of rule-based machine learning methods, to facilitate and highlight techniques to improve transparent decision-making. Furthermore, we present a novel approach to assessing application-specific explainability needs for the design of LCS models. For this, we propose an application-independent template of seven questions. We demonstrate the approach’s use in an interview-based case study for a manufacturing scenario. We find that the answers received do yield useful insights for a well-designed LCS model and requirements for stakeholders to engage actively with an intelligent agent.
Judeo-Roman on Stage: The Scena all’ebraica in the Novantanove Disgrazie di Pulcinella (Rome 1769) by Gregorio Mancinelli
Authors: Baricci Erica 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sometimes, in the Commedia dell’arte, Jewish characters who speak Judeo-Italian appear on the stage, revealing a strong intention on the part of non-Jewish authors to mimic the language spoken by contemporary Jews. Therefore, the study of these external sources is very useful to enrich our knowledge of the Judeo-Italian of the early modern period. In this article I will present the scena all’ebraica of the comedy Novantanove Disgrazie di Pulcinella (Rome 1769) by Gregorio Mancinelli. The text, published here in its entirety for the first time, will be preceded by an introduction and accompanied by an English translation and an analysis of the language and contents.
The Effectiveness of Legislative Oversight in Democratic South Africa: Exploring Political Will
Authors: Baloyi Hlengani 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Drawing on empirical data from document analysis, this paper will carry out a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the oversight and accountability system of the legislative sector of South Africa in detecting early warning signs prior to financial and governance collapse, by examining three provincial government departments. The results reveal that several key early warning signs preceded governance and financial collapse at the three provincial education departments but that the provincial departments ignored signals of repetitive financial irregularities flagged up by the Auditor General of South Africa. The article argues that there is a lack of political will to effectively respond to early warning signs of looming crises in provincial government departments in South Africa for the purpose of preventing or mitigating their negative impact.
Parliaments and their Knowledge Landscapes
Authors: Heiss Julia , Rathmair Anna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Legal, Legislative, and Research Services (rlw) of the Austrian Parliamentary Administration organised the first Day of Parliamentary Research on 26 June in the newly renovated Austrian Parliament building in Vienna. The conference, which was highly interdisciplinary and placed a strong focus on knowledge related to parliaments and policy-making, marked the start of a new initiative by the Parliamentary Administration to promote an ongoing dialogue between academia and politics. This conference report provides an overview of the keynote speeches, panels and panel discussions that took place, and identifies recurring themes and issues that were discussed.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Students in Public Institutions of Higher Education in Arkansas in 2021
Authors: Zohoori Namvar , Barsotti Tara , Porter Austin , Brown Clare , Amick Benjamin C. , Cima Mike , Gandy Jay , Markham Maria 
Published: August 2023

Objective: Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage among college students are not well studied. We analyzed the extent of COVID-19 vaccination among all students at public institutions of higher education in Arkansas in spring and fall 2021 and examined factors associated with vaccination rates. Methods: We matched student enrollment data for the spring and fall 2021 semesters separately with immunization registry data to determine the COVID-19 vaccination status of students in each semester. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine variables associated with being fully vaccinated. Results: Overall, by the end of the fall 2021 semester, 49.1% of students were fully vaccinated, compared with 52.3% of students at the end of the spring 2021 semester. However, we observed important differences between student groups. Students who were in rural areas (vs urban areas), freshman (vs all other class years), at a 2-year college (vs 4-year college), non-Hispanic Black (vs Hispanic or non-Hispanic White), or in a nonhealth major (vs health major) were less likely to be fully vaccinated. Conclusion: Given the disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage among college students, continued efforts are needed in this young, but important, population segment to address students’ confidence in vaccines and to make vaccines more available and accessible on and near campuses. Novel approaches for tailored messaging and interventions to facilitate vaccine uptake may be needed for groups such as non-Hispanic Black students and students in rural areas who are less likely, compared with their counterparts, to accept COVID-19 vaccines.
Optimizing aortic valve prosthesis selection in patients with obesity: Institutional experience with multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Balkanay Ozan Onur , Bulut Halil Ibrahim , Albrahimi Ergida , Mirizade Miri , Yenigün Abdulgani Orhun , Tomey Daniel , Bistre Jacques , Oviedo Rodolfo J , Tel Ustunisik Cigdem , Arapi Berk , Goksedef Deniz , Omeroglu Suat Nail , Ipek Gokhan 
Published: August 2023

Background Aortic valve diseases are life-threatening conditions with increasing prevalence worldwide. Risk factors include gender, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is closely related to these risk factors and has been linked to a higher risk of developing aortic valve diseases. However, there is no specific guideline for managing aortic valve disease in patients with obesity, and the choice of valve type remains uncertain. Methods A total of 130 patients with obesity who met the inclusion criteria underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of prosthesis used. Among the study cohort, 50 patients received a bioprosthetic valve, while 80 patients received a mechanical valve. We compared these groups in terms of perioperative characteristics and follow-up results. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value threshold of 0.05. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, or cardiac comorbidities between the two groups. Preoperative blood results and echo findings also showed no significant differences. Intraoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes, including mortality and acute kidney injury, did not differ significantly between the groups. In addition, BHVG patients had shorter ICU stays compared to MHVG patients without significance. Conclusion Deliberate consideration is crucial when selecting valves for obese patients, particularly those with class II obesity. This is due to the potential influence of obesity on valve types, as well as the need to account for the possibility of bariatric surgery and its potential effects.
Pilot study on the efficacy and safety of berberine in people with metabolic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Ruiz-Herrera Vida V , Navarro-Lara Shaúl A , Andrade-Villanueva Jaime F , Alvarez-Zavala Monserrat , Sánchez-Reyes Karina , Toscano-Piña Marcela , Méndez-Clemente Anibal S , Martínez-Ayala Pedro , Valle-Rodríguez Adriana , González-Hernández Luz A 
Published: August 2023

Background Antiretroviral therapy has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV. However, this increase is not free of comorbidities, and metabolic syndrome is one of the most prevalent. Berberine is an alkaloid nutraceutical that has been shown to ameliorate metabolic disorders such as prediabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it has not been tested in HIV infection. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of berberine in improving metabolic syndrome. Methods and results In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults living with HIV under virological suppression and metabolic syndrome received either berberine 500 mg TID or placebo for 20 weeks. The primary outcomes were a composite of weight reduction, insulin resistance decrease, and lipid profile improvement. A total of 43 participants were randomized (22 in the berberine group and 21 in the placebo group); 36 participants completed the follow-up and were analyzed. The berberine group showed a reduction in weight and body mass index, lower insulin resistance, and a reduction in TNF-alpha. The control group had higher total cholesterol, c-LDL, and IL-6 concentration. Conclusion In people living with HIV under virological suppression, berberine was safe and improves clinical and biochemical components of metabolic syndrome. However, further studies with more participants and longer intervention periods need to be explored.
The effect of conservative oxygen therapy on mortality in adult critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Martin Daniel S , Mckenna Helen T , Rowan Kathryn M , Gould Doug W , Mouncey Paul R , Grocott Michael PW , Harrison David A 
Published: August 2023

Background: Oxygen is the commonest intervention provided to critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Despite this, it is unclear how much oxygen should be administered to patients in order to promote the best clinical outcomes and it has been suggested that a strategy of conservative oxygen therapy (COT) may be advantageous. We therefore sought to answer the question of whether COT versus usual or liberal oxygen therapy was beneficial to adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation on an intensive care unit (ICU) by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials comparing COT to liberal or usual oxygen therapy strategies in acutely ill adults (aged ⩾18 years) admitted to an ICU, and reported an outcome of interest. Studies were excluded if they were limited to a specific single disease diagnosis. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308436). Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. Effect estimates were pooled using a random effects model with the between study variance estimated using restricted maximum likelihood and standard errors calculated using the method of Hartung-Knapp/Sidik-Jonkman. Between study heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. The certainty in the body of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Results: Nine eligible studies with 5727 participants fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Trials varied in their definitions of COT and liberal or usual oxygen therapy. The pooled estimate of risk ratio for 90 day mortality for COT versus comparator was 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.88–1.12, 95% prediction interval 0.82–1.21). There was low heterogeneity among studies ( I2 = 22.4%). The finding that mortality was similar for patients managed with COT or usual/liberal oxygen therapy was graded as moderate certainty. Conclusions: In critically ill adults admitted to an ICU, COT is neither beneficial nor harmful when compared to usual or liberal oxygen therapy. Trials to date have been inconsistent in defining both COT and liberal or usual oxygen therapy, which may have had an impact on the results of this meta-analysis. Future research should focus on unifying definitions and outcome measures.
Knowledge and Attitude of Healthcare Providers on Managing Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia During Antenatal Care in Mwanza Region-Tanzania
Authors: Pallangyo Anna Sangito , Seif Saada Ali 
Published: August 2023

Background Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are the second-leading causes of maternal death. Health care providers have a critical role in preventing and managing these conditions. Lack of knowledge among healthcare providers on managing pre-eclampsia and eclampsia has been reported in other parts of Tanzania, but more information is needed in other parts of the country so as to design appropriate targeted interventions. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers on the management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in the Mwanza region of Tanzania. Method A facility-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2022 among 157 health care providers in the Mwanza region. A simple random sampling method was used to select districts and dispensaries, while a census method was used to recruit health care providers. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A descriptive statistics analysis was used to determine the distribution of background information of healthcare providers. Inferential statistics were used to determine the association between variables by using a chi-square test and logistic regression. A statistically significant variable in the final model was declared with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05. Results The study results showed that only 40 (25%) of healthcare providers had adequate knowledge and 56.69% had positive attitude towards the management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Knowledge was predicted by having more years of working experience (1–5 years) (AOR: 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.53, p-value 0.005) and working in a health center (AOR: 4.58, 95% CI 1.14–18.36, p-value 0.023). For attitude, no variable was significantly associated with it. Conclusion The study showed that the majority of the participants had inadequate knowledge of the management of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, despite the positive attitude they possessed. This implies that HCP may be struggling to identify the signs and symptoms of the condition in pregnant women, and this could lead to delays in diagnosis despite believing that it is important to early diagnose the condition. To address this issue, it's crucial to invest in continuing medical education and training programs for healthcare providers to update their knowledge.
Impact of headache frequency and preventive medication failure on quality of life, functioning, and costs among individuals with migraine across several European countries: need for effective preventive treatment
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Dupont-Benjamin Laure , Balkaran Bridget L. , Lee Lulu , Jauregui Adam , Gandhi Pranav , Parikh Mousam , Reuter Uwe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Data are limited regarding the combined impact of headache frequency and failure of preventive medication (efficacy and/or tolerability) on the humanistic/economic burden of migraine.

Methods
A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) data was conducted. An opt-in online survey identified adults in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom with self-reported physician-diagnosed migraine. Participants with ≥ 4 monthly headache days (MHDs) were stratified by prior preventive medication use/failure (preventive naive; 0–1 failure; ≥ 2 failures). Quality-of-life and economic outcomes were compared among groups using generalized linear modeling.

Results
Among individuals with ≥ 4 MHDs (n = 1106), the NHWS identified 298 (27%) with ≥ 2 failures, 308 (28%) with 0–1 failure, and 500 (45%) as preventive naive. Individuals with ≥ 2 failures versus preventive-naive individuals had significantly lower scores on the 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical Component Summary (42.2 vs 44.1; P < 0.005), numerically higher scores on the Mental Component Summary (39.5 vs 38.5; P = 0.145), significantly higher scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment (39.1 vs 34.0; P < 0.05), and significantly higher prevalence of depression symptoms (62% vs 47%; P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (42% vs 31%; P < 0.01). The ≥ 2 failures group versus the preventive-naive group also had significantly more functional impairment as assessed by mean numbers of migraine-specific missed work days (7.8 vs 4.3) and household activities days (14.3 vs 10.6) in the past 6 months (P < 0.001) as well as the prevalence of absenteeism (19% vs 13%), overall work impairment (53% vs 42%), and activity impairment (53% vs 47%) (all P < 0.05). Emergency department visits (0.7 vs 0.5; P = 0.001) and hospitalizations (0.5 vs 0.3; P < 0.001) in the past 6 months were significantly higher in the ≥ 2 failures group versus the preventive-naive group, while indirect costs (€13,720 vs €11,282) and the proportion of individuals with non-adherence during the past 7 days (73% vs 64%) were numerically higher.

Conclusions
Increased burden, quality-of-life impairment, and functional impairment exist among individuals with migraine experiencing ≥ 4 MHDs and more treatment failures. While cause and directionality cannot be determined, these results suggest the need for effective preventive migraine treatments.

Graphical Abstract
Gender-specific effects of soybean consumption on cardiovascular events in elderly individuals from rural Northeast China – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Shasha , Yang Hongmei , Wang Bo , Guo Xiaofan , Li GuangXiao , Sun Yingxian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of consuming soybean and its products on cardiovascular events (CVEs), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the prospective association of soybean consumption with CVEs, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality among the elderly population in rural China.MethodsThe Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study included 2477 elderly individuals (mean age 67 ± 6 years, 49.97% men) in the initial phase of the study from 2012 to 2013, with a follow-up period between 2015 and 2017. Soybean consumption was categorized as follows: low-frequency consumption: rare consumption; moderate-frequency consumption: two to three times/week; high-frequency consumption: ≥ four times/week. Cox proportional hazard analysis assessed the potential relationship of soybean consumption with CVEs, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.ResultsThe prevalence of soybean and its product consumption was as follows: 38.3% for low-frequency consumption (43.8% for women; 32.8% for men), 49.7% for moderate-frequency consumption (45.8% for women; 53.7% for men), and 11.9% for high-frequency consumption (10.4% for women; 13.5% for men). After adjusting for possible confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that the frequency of soybean consumption was an effective predictor of CVEs [Hazard ratio (HR)high(95% CI): 0.555 (0.348, 0.883)], stroke [HRmoderate(95% CI): 0.672 (0.494, 0.913); HRhigh(95% CI): 0.483 (0.276, 0.842)], and all-cause mortality [HRhigh(95% CI): 0.540 (0.310, 0.942)] in the overall older population. High-frequency consumption of soybean [HR (95% CI): 0.467 (0.225, 0.968)] and moderate-frequency consumption [HR (95% CI): 0.458 (0.270, 0.779)] were associated with stroke events in older men and women, respectively. In addition, high-frequency consumption of soybean [HR (95% CI): 0.437 (0.197, 0.968)] decreased the risk of CVEs in older women.ConclusionSoybean consumption is closely associated with CVEs and all-cause mortality in older individuals residing in rural areas, with a significant gender discrepancy in this relationship. These findings provide new insights into the impact of soybean consumption on cardiovascular well-being in the elderly rural population, thus enhancing our understanding of this field of interest.