bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory response and stability of oxygen saturation during a hypoxic challenge in very preterm infants
Authors: Zannin Emanuela , Stoecklin Benjamin , Choi Jane Y. , Simpson Shannon J. , Veneroni Chiara , Dellaca Raffaele L. , Pillow Jane J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreterm infants have immature control of breathing and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. We hypothesized that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have a blunted ventilatory response and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) instability during a hypoxic challenge.MethodsWe evaluated the response to hypoxia in 57 very preterm infants (38 no BPD, 10 mild BPD, 9 moderate‐to‐severe BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. The fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) was reduced stepwise at 5‐min intervals to achieve peripheral SpO2 between 86% and 95%. The lowest permissible FIO2 and SpO2 were 0.14% and 86%. We recorded SpO2, FIO2, and the respiratory signal (respiratory inductive plethysmography). We calculated respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory drive (ratio between VT and inspiratory time, VT/TI). SpO2 variability was expressed as the interquartile range (IQR).ResultsFIO2 was reduced from a median (Q1, Q3) of 0.21 (0.21, 0.21) to 0.17 (0.17, 0.18). We observed a marked individual variability in the ventilatory response to the hypoxic challenge, regardless of BPD severity. At the lowest permissible FIO2, 37 (65%) infants reduced their VE, and 20 (35%) increased minute ventilation; 20 infants (35%) developed periodic breathing associated with increased SpO2 IQR and lower SpO2 minima, and 16 (28%) exhibited an oscillatory pattern in VE and SpO2 without end‐expiratory pauses, regardless of BPD severity.ConclusionIn very preterm infants, a mild hypoxic challenge reduced ventilation, increased SpO2 variability and periodic breathing regardless of BPD severity.
Elastically Isotropic Truss‐Plate‐Hybrid Hierarchical Microlattices with Enhanced Modulus and Strength
Authors: Wang Yujia , Xu Fan , Gao Huajian , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBioinspired hierarchical design principles have been employed to create advanced architected materials. Here, a new type of truss‐plate‐hybrid two‐level hierarchical architecture is created, referred to as the ISO‐COP hierarchical lattice (isotropic truss at the first level and cubic+octet plate at the second level), in which truss‐based unit cells are arranged according to the topology of the plate‐based unit cell. Finite element analyses reveal that the ISO‐COP hierarchical lattice outperforms the best existing octet‐truss hierarchical lattices based on fractal geometries in achieving elastic isotropy and enhanced moduli. According to the designed architecture, ISO‐COP and several other comparison hierarchical microlattices are fabricated via projection microstereolithography. In situ compression tests demonstrate that the fabricated ISO‐COP microlattices exhibit elastic isotropy and enhanced moduli, as predicted from finite element simulations, and superior strength compared with existing fractal octet‐truss hierarchical lattices. Theoretical models are further developed to predict the dependence of modulus and failure modes on two design parameters of the hierarchical lattices, with results in good agreement with those from experiments. This study relates mechanical properties of ISO‐COP hierarchical lattices to their architectures at each level of hierarchy and exemplifies a route to harnessing hierarchical design principles to create architected materials with desired mechanical properties.
Trends in and Social Dynamics of Crime in the Pacific
Authors: Watson Danielle , Howes Loene , Dinnen Sinclair , Bull Melissa , Amin Sara N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn understanding of policing dynamics requires an examination of not only the landscape of criminal activities that police encounter and work in, but also the socio-political processes that produce crime in a given community and context. This chapter provides an overview of crime trends in Pacific Islands countries and territories (PICTs) in the twenty-first century and discusses some key social dynamics producing various crimes. It pays special attention to crimes and violence experienced by young people and women, as well as how neoliberal globalisation has produced new vulnerabilities in PICTs, including expanding organised and transnational crime, such as drug trafficking and cybercrime. The chapter includes suggestions for where there are research and data gaps, and how future research and policy should aim to close these gaps to further inform crime-related policies.
Chatter detection in milling processes—a review on signal processing and condition classification
Authors: Navarro-Devia John Henry , Chen Yun , Dao Dzung Viet , Li Huaizhong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Among the diverse challenges in machining processes, chatter has a significant detrimental effect on surface quality and tool life, and it is a major limitation factor in achieving higher material removal rate. Early detection of chatter occurrence is considered a key element in the milling process automation. Online detection of chatter onset has been continually investigated over several decades, along with the development of new signal processing and machining condition classification approaches. This paper presents a review of the literature on chatter detection in milling, providing a comprehensive analysis of the reported methods for sensing and testing parameter design, signal processing and various features proposed as chatter indicators. It discusses data-driven approaches, including the use of different techniques in the time–frequency domain, feature extraction, and machining condition classification. The review outlines the potential of using multiple sensors and information fusion with machine learning. To conclude, research trends, challenges and future perspectives are presented, with the recommendation to study the tool wear effects, and chatter detection at dissimilar milling conditions, while utilization of considerable large datasets—Big Data—under the Industry 4.0 framework and the development of machining Digital Twin capable of real-time chatter detection are considered as key enabling technologies for intelligent manufacturing.
The effect of friction stir processing on the hydrogen susceptibility of AA5083 specimens after hydrogen cathodic charging
Authors: Papantoniou Ioannis G. , Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Manolakos Dimitrios E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical degradation of friction stir processed (FSPed) 5083 aluminum alloy by intense hydrogen cathodic charging (HCC). The effect of different numbers of FSP passes was investigated: 3 and 8 passes, respectively. Hydrogen-charged and uncharged specimens were subjected to tensile testing and microhardness evaluation analysis, and were examined through optical microscopy, focus variation microscopy (FVM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both on the microstructure and fracture zone. The results showed that the FSP process introduced a refined microstructure with finer grains. This led to an improved mechanical response during tension tests of the uncharged specimens; the energy absorption increased from 85 MJ/m3 of the base material to 94 MJ/m3 and 97 MJ/m3 for the 3 and 8 FSP passes, respectively. The introduction of hydrogen through the HCC process led to a more brittle mechanical response with a decrease in the energy absorption capability for all the charged specimens. The more prone specimen was the 8 FSP passes specimen where the energy absorption dropped by 20% and 71% for the two different charging current densities. The 3 FSP passes specimen presented a reduction of energy absorption of 4% and 18%, respectively, where the base material presented a reduction of 8% and 14%, respectively. This brittle response is also evident from the microhardness testing where the hydrogen charging led to increased surface hardness values. The 3 FSP passes specimen presented a better mechanical response with respect to the base material specimen (and the 8 FSP passes specimen) for all the charging conditions, and this led to the conclusion that a small number FSP surface modification could be a beneficial surface modification process as it improves the mechanical response of the material and is not significantly affected by hydrogen charging environments.
Divergent desalination effects on alien and native gammarid functional responses
Authors: Cuthbert Ross N. , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change could shift the impacts of biological invasions on aquatic ecosystems. Sea freshening is an often-inconspicuous consequence of climatic change that may modify invasive alien species performance in enclosed seas. Several gammarid crustaceans have been particularly successful aliens across fresh, brackish, and marine waters. Here, we use comparative functional responses (feeding rates across resource densities) to examine the ecological impacts of an invasive alien (Gammarus tigrinus) and native (Gammarus locusta) gammarid, present in the Baltic Sea, under three different salinity regimes (14, 10, 6) toward larval chironomid prey. Feeding rates differed between the two species, but these differences depended on salinity, whereby at the lowest salinities, the invasive alien species showed significantly improved performance compared to the native species. Both gammarids exhibited hyperbolic Type II functional responses, with attack rates similar across salinity regimes. Handling times were significantly shortened, and maximum feeding rates heightened, in the alien under sea freshening scenarios compared to the native. These results have implications for enclosed sea systems, where projected freshening could shift the performance advantage toward invasive alien species over natives, thereby exacerbating their ecological impacts.
Assessment of artificial intelligence (AI) reporting methodology in glioma MRI studies using the Checklist for AI in Medical Imaging (CLAIM)
Authors: Bhandari Abhishta , Scott Luke , Weilbach Manuela , Marwah Ravi , Lasocki Arian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) is a recently released guideline designed for the optimal reporting methodology of artificial intelligence (AI) studies. Gliomas are the most common form of primary malignant brain tumour and numerous outcomes derived from AI algorithms such as grading, survival, treatment-related effects and molecular status have been reported. The aim of the study is to evaluate the AI reporting methodology for outcomes relating to gliomas in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the CLAIM criteria.

Methods
A literature search was performed on three databases pertaining to AI augmentation of glioma MRI, published between the start of 2018 and the end of 2021

Results
A total of 4308 articles were identified and 138 articles remained after screening. These articles were categorised into four main AI tasks: grading (n= 44), predicting molecular status (n= 50), predicting survival (n= 25) and distinguishing true tumour progression from treatment-related effects (n= 10). The average CLAIM score was 20/42 (range: 10–31). Studies most consistently reported the scientific background and clinical role of their AI approach. Areas of improvement were identified in the reporting of data collection, data management, ground truth and validation of AI performance.

Conclusion
AI may be a means of producing high-accuracy results for certain tasks in glioma MRI; however, there remain issues with reporting quality. AI reporting guidelines may aid in a more reproducible and standardised approach to reporting and will aid in clinical integration.
The role of insomnia in the vulnerability to depressive and anxiety symptoms in atopic dermatitis adult patients
Authors: Salfi Federico , Amicucci Giulia , Ferrara Michele , Tempesta Daniela , De Berardinis Andrea , Chiricozzi Andrea , Peris Ketty , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Esposito Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory chronic skin disease typically associated with atopic comorbidities and other non-atopic conditions such as sleep disturbances, and mood/anxiety disorders. A growing literature proposed a crucial role of sleep disturbances in the development of mental health problems in AD. We tested this assumption by mediation model analyses in adult AD patients.A total of 57 patients (mean age ± std. dev., 34.28 ± 13.07 years; 27 males; range 18–67 years) diagnosed with AD participated in a cross-sectional study. We evaluated self-perceived severity of AD, insomnia, depression, and anxiety symptoms using validated questionnaires: the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), respectively. Two mediation models were performed, testing the mediation effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between AD severity and depression (model 1) and anxiety (model 2). AD symptoms, as expressed by POEM, were positively associated with insomnia, depression, and anxiety severity. Insomnia fully mediated the effect of AD severity on depression and anxiety. Specifically, insomnia accounted for 81.64% of the relationship between atopic eczema severity and depression, and for 81.84% of the effect of AD severity on anxiety symptoms. The present study proposed a critical role of insomnia in predisposing adult AD patients to experience depression and anxiety. Early interventions focused on treating sleep disturbances could indirectly be beneficial on mental health of patients with AD, counteracting the onset and exacerbation of anxiety and depression disorders.
A genome-wide RNAi screen for genes important for proliferation of cultured Drosophila cells at low temperature identifies the Ball/VRK protein kinase
Authors: Mendaluk Anna , Caussinus Emmanuel , Boutros Michael , Lehner Christian F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA change in ambient temperature is predicted to disrupt cellular homeostasis by affecting all cellular processes in an albeit non-uniform manner. Diffusion is generally less temperature-sensitive than enzymes, for example, and each enzyme has a characteristic individual temperature profile. The actual effects of temperature variation on cells are still poorly understood at the molecular level. Towards an improved understanding, we have performed a genome-wide RNA interference screen with S2R + cells. This Drosophila cell line proliferates over a temperature range comparable to that tolerated by the parental ectothermic organism. Based on effects on cell counts and cell cycle profile after knockdown at 27 and 17 °C, respectively, genes were identified with an apparent greater physiological significance at one or the other temperature. While 27 °C is close to the temperature optimum, the substantially lower 17 °C was chosen to identify genes important at low temperatures, which have received less attention compared to the heat shock response. Among a substantial number of screen hits, we validated a set successfully in cell culture and selected ballchen for further evaluation in the organism. This gene encodes the conserved metazoan VRK protein kinase that is crucial for the release of chromosomes from the nuclear envelope during mitosis. Our analyses in early embryos and larval wing imaginal discs confirmed a higher requirement for ballchen function at temperatures below the optimum. Overall, our experiments validate the genome-wide screen as a basis for future characterizations of genes with increased physiological significance at the lower end of the readily tolerated temperature range.
Topology and Local Geometry of the Eden Model
Authors: Manin Fedor , Roldán Érika , Schweinhart Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Eden cell growth model is a simple discrete stochastic process which produces a “blob” (aggregation of cells) in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rd: start with one cube in the regular grid, and at each time step add a neighboring cube uniformly at random. This process has been used as a model for the growth of aggregations, tumors, and bacterial colonies and the healing of wounds, among other natural processes. Here, we study the topology and local geometry of the resulting structure, establishing asymptotic bounds for Betti numbers. Our main result is that the Betti numbers at timetgrow at a rate between$$t^{(d-1)/d}$$t(d-1)/dand$$P_d(t)$$Pd(t), where$$P_d(t)$$Pd(t)is the size of the site perimeter. Assuming a widely believed conjecture, this establishes the rate of growth of the Betti numbers in every dimension. We also present the results of computational experiments on finer aspects of the geometry and topology, such as persistent homology and the distribution of shapes of holes.
Saving the World? How CSR Practitioners Live Their Calling by Constructing Different Types of Purpose in Three Occupational Stages
Authors: Fontana Enrico , Frandsen Sanne , Morsing Mette 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMuch attention in the meaningful work literature has been devoted to calling as an orientation toward work characterized by a strong sense of purpose and a prosocial motivation beyond self-gain. Nonetheless, debate remains as to whether individuals change or maintain their calling, and especially whether they live their calling differently in different occupational stages. In this article, we respond to this conundrum through an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) occupation—substantiated by interviews with 57 CSR practitioners from Swedish international companies who are living their calling. We demonstrate that social/commercial tensions affect these CSR practitioners, fueled by a divide between their social aspirations and the commercial goals, and prompt them to respond in a way that impacts how they construct the purpose of their work. Subsequently, we induce three stages of the CSR occupation—early-, mid- and late-stage—and conceptualize three types of purpose in each stage—activistic, win–win and corporate purpose. By uncovering how and why CSR practitioners respond to social/commercial tensions and construct different types of purpose in each stage of the CSR occupation, we show that individuals can live the same calling in multiple ways. Hence, our article advances the meaningful work literature as well as studies of micro-CSR.
MiR-155-5p Aggravated Astrocyte Activation and Glial Scarring in a Spinal Cord Injury Model by Inhibiting Ndfip1 Expression and PTEN Nuclear Translocation
Authors: He Liming , Chang Qiang , Zhang Yannan , Guan Xiaoming , Ma Zhuo , Chen Xu , Liu Wenbo , Li Yakun , Feng Haoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCentral nervous injury and regeneration repair have always been a hot and difficult scientific questions in neuroscience, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by a traffic accident, fall injury, and war. After SCI, astrocytes further migrate to the injured area and form dense glial scar through proliferation, which not only limits the infiltration of inflammatory cells but also affects axon regeneration. We aim to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of miR-155-5p overexpression promoted astrocyte activation and glial scarring in an SCI model. MiR-155-5p mimic (50 or 100 nm) was used to transfect CTX-TNA2 rat brain primary astrocyte cell line. MiR-155-5p antagonist and miR-155-5p agomir were performed to treat SCI rats. MiR-155-5p mimic dose-dependently promoted astrocyte proliferation, and inhibited cell apoptosis. MiR-155-5p overexpression inhibited nuclear PTEN expression by targeting Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1). Ndfip1 overexpression reversed astrocyte activation which was induced by miR-155-5p mimic. Meanwhile, Ndfip1 overexpression abolished the inhibition effect of miR-155-5p mimic on PTEN nuclear translocation. In vivo, miR-155-5p silencing improved SCI rat locomotor function and promoted astrocyte activation and glial scar formation. And miR-155-5p overexpression showed the opposite results. MiR-155-5p aggravated astrocyte activation and glial scarring in a SCI model by targeting Ndfip1 expression and inhibiting PTEN nuclear translocation. These findings have ramifications for the development of miRNAs as SCI therapeutics.
Through thick and thin: seamless metaconceptualism
Authors: Tiefensee Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne major insight derived from the moral twin earth debate is that evaluative and descriptive terms possess different levels of semantic stability, in that the meanings of the former but not the latter tend to remain constant over significant counterfactual variance in patterns of application. At the same time, it is common in metanormative debate to divide evaluative terms into those that are thin and those that are thick. In this paper, I combine debates about semantic stability and the distinction between the thin and the thick by presenting a new seamless inferentialist account of thin and thick evaluative terms which, despite subsuming them under the same metasemantic analysis, can nevertheless account for their varying levels of semantic stability. According to this position of ‘seamless metaconceptualism’, thin and thick evaluative terms do not belong to different categories, but are both understood as metaconceptual devices which do not differ in kind, but in scope. By providing the same analysis for both thin and thick terms, seamless metaconceptualism not only entails that the latter cannot shoulder the philosophical work that some have attributed to them, but also removes much of their surrounding intrigue.
Genome-wide association analysis and validation with KASP markers for nut and shell traits in almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb)
Authors: Sideli Gina M. , Mather Diane , Wirthensohn Michelle , Dicenta Federico , Goonetilleke Shashi N. , Martínez-García Pedro José , Gradziel Thomas M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Almond shell hardness is an economically important quality trait that protects the integrity of the kernel. It is directly related with shelling or crack-out percent. In the U.S. and Australian markets, soft to semi-hard shells varieties have been used in the industry, while in the European market, hard shells are dominantly sold and distributed. The origin of a hard shell is from wild almond species. Soft shells in the USA and Australia have been selected for a higher crack-out percent or larger kernel and ease of processing. Here, we examined breeding populations totaling 264 trees that were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) where shell hardness was measured with a texture analyzer, and shell weight, in-shell weights and shell thickness were measured and crack-out percent was calculated. In a genome-wide association, seven genetic loci were found to be associated with shell hardness, crack-out percent, shell thickness and shell weight. Of these seven, one was shared between multiple traits. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays were developed and tested in unrelated breeding lines from Australia, Spain, France and Italy. One KASP assay was found to be highly predictive of shell hardness in this diverse panel and can be applied for use in marker-assisted breeding.