bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfall trapping outperforms other methods for surveying ground-dwelling large-bodied alpine invertebrates
Authors: Bertoia Aaron , Murray Tara , Robertson Bruce C. , Monks Joanne M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAppropriate sampling methods are essential for monitoring and managing all wildlife. There is limited information on how to monitor ground-dwelling invertebrates in the alpine zone compared to more commonly studied lower-elevation habitats. We aim to understand the strengths, weaknesses, and cost-effectiveness of invertebrate survey methods when deployed in the alpine zone. We tested four methods on the South Island of New Zealand (Aotearoa): pitfall traps, tracking tunnels, visual surveys, and trail cameras. We focused on methods for ground-dwelling large-bodied invertebrates, a group most likely to be impacted by introduced mammalian predators. Pitfall traps and trail cameras were practical methods for surveying alpine invertebrates. Tracking tunnels only reliably detected large wētā (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae), as other invertebrates were too light to leave distinguishable tracks. Visual surveys did not generate enough observations to be considered a successful method. We found no difference in the total abundance or easily recognised taxonomic groups detected by pitfall traps and trail cameras. Trail cameras detected fewer wētā compared to tracking tunnels and pitfall traps. Of the successful methods, pitfall traps were the most cost-effective, followed by tracking tunnels and trail cameras. Tracking tunnels were the fastest to install and required the least processing time, followed by pitfall traps and trail cameras. We recommend using pitfall traps to survey large-bodied alpine ground-dwelling invertebrates to better understand population trends or community composition. This method was consistent across all alpine habitat types and has the potential to be an effective method to inform conservation monitoring and management programmes.Implications for insect conservationMonitoring is vital to understand how invertebrates respond to change and evaluate conservation management program outcomes. This study provides practical information on potential monitoring tools for invertebrates in the alpine zone and recommends pitfall traps to survey large-bodied alpine invertebrates.
Genetic diversity of a flightless dung beetle appears unaffected by wildfire
Authors: Shofner Ryan , Sherwin William , Reid Chris , Runagall-McNaull Aidan , Cassis Gerasimos , Laffan Shawn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe wildfires of Australia’s Black Summer in 2019/2020 caused a massive loss of wildlife and habitats, but the effects of the fire on invertebrate species post-burn are unknown. We hypothesised that the fires would negatively affect the genetic diversity of invertebrate species by impeding movement between populations due to habitat loss. We studied the genetic diversity of a flightless dung beetle, Amphistomus primonactus Matthews 1974, to determine the impact of the wildfires on this species. We examined 90 SNPs from 193 individuals across seven localities impacted by the wildfires in north-eastern New South Wales. We used STRUCTURE to determine the overall population structure of the seven localities. We calculated four within-locality genetic diversity measures (observed heterozygosity (Ho), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe), Shannon’s Information (1H), and the inbreeding coefficient (FIS). We calculated three between-locality genetic diversity measures (Fixation Index (FST), Hedrick’s G”ST, and Shannon’s Mutual Information (I). We used partial Mantel tests to compare the between-locality genetic diversity measures with the mean fire intensity along each pairwise linear transect, while accounting for genetic variation due to geographic distance. We compared the within-locality genetic diversity measures to the mean fire intensity at each site. STRUCTURE showed a large degree of intermixing between localities. We found no significant effect of fire on any within-locality genetic diversity measure, or on any between-locality genetic diversity measure. We suggest that the genetic diversity of A. primonactus was not significantly affected by the Black Summer wildfires.Implications for insect conservation: Our results show that the 2019/2020 wildfires had a negligible impact on the genetic structure of A. primonactus. This offers a promising outlook for the species in its recovery from the fires.
Long-term stability of temperate Australian wet forest-moorland mosaics despite recurrent fires associated with late Holocene climate change
Authors: Adeleye Matthew Adesanya , Haberle Simon Graeme , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContextThe primary factors(s) responsible for the maintenance of Alternative biome states (ABS) in world forest biomes remains unclear and debatable, partly due to insufficient long-term ecological data from suitable ecosystem sites. The occurrence of moorland in southern and western Tasmanian wet temperate forest presents a suitable setting to test for ABS and understand the main stabilizing factors of ABS.ObjectivesWe use a palaeoecological approach to test for ABS and identify the degree of vegetation change and the effect of climate change and fire occurrence associated with ABS in southern Tasmania.MethodsSediment sequence from sink-hole lake in a forest and nearby pond in southern Tasmania were analysed for pollen and charcoal to reconstruct histories of forest, moorland and fire in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA). Reconstructions were compared to palaeoclimate record.ResultsMoorland and forest in southern Tasmania have occupied the same habitat for at least the last 2600 years, and neither past climate change nor fire occurrence affected the stability of the vegetation mosaic. We suspect that localized environmental settings, such as topography and edaphic conditions are the primary stabilizing factors of the forest-moorland mosaics.ConclusionsThe observed stable vegetation mosaics in our study is contrary to the dominant ecological paradigm of landscape dynamics currently used to manage the TWWHA, and there is a need to refine the ecological basis of fire management in the area. Similar targeted palaeoecological studies are needed to fully understand the underlying factors responsible for the persistence of treeless vegetation in world forest biomes.
Beyond views, productivity, and citations: measuring geopolitical differences of scientific impact in communication research
Authors: Tóth János József , Háló Gergő , Goyanes Manuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScientometric analyses applying critical sociological frameworks have previously shown that high-prestige research output—with regards to both quantity and impact—is typically clustered in a few core countries and world regions, indicating uneven power relations and systematic biases within global academia. Although citation count is a common formula in these analyses, only a handful of studies investigated altmetrics (impact measures beyond citation-based metrics) in communication science. In this paper, we explore geopolitical biases of impact amongst the most productive scholars in the field of communication from 11 countries and 3 world regions. Drawing on SCOPUS data, we test three formulas that measure scholarly performance (citations per document; views per document; and citations per view) to investigate how geographical location affects the impact of scholars. Our results indicate a strong US-dominance with regard to citation-based impact, emphasizing a further need for de-Westernization within the field. Moreover, the analysis of altmetric formulas revealed that research published by Eastern European and Spanish scholars, although accessed similarly or even more often than American or Western European publications, is less cited than those. Country-level comparisons are also discussed.
Questions as Dialogue Games. The Pragmatic Dimensions of “Authentic” Questions
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestions, and more specifically authentic questions, are at the core of dialogue-based learning and teaching. However, what is a question, and how can it be authentic? This paper addresses this problem by analyzing the distinct dimensions of questions, showing how their pragmatic nature is interwoven with the syntactic and semantic one, and how it can be grasped only by considering their dialogical functions. Questions are maintained to be proposals of different dialogue games (or types), pursuing specific interactional purposes, and potentially contributing to learning processes in different ways. By understanding how questions shape different dialogues it is possible to ask more suitable questions to the questioner’s goals. In this framework, the dichotomy between authentic and inauthentic questions becomes a strategic choice between different types of dialogical possibilities.
Flor yeast immobilization in microbial biocapsules for Sherry wine production: microvinification approach
Authors: Pastor-Vega Noelia , Carbonero-Pacheco Juan , Mauricio Juan Carlos , Moreno Juan , García-Martínez Teresa , Nitin Nitin , Ogawa Minami , Rai Rewa , Moreno-García Jaime 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSherry wine is a pale-yellowish dry wine produced in Southern-Spain which features are mainly due to biological aging when the metabolism of biofilm-forming yeasts (flor yeasts) consumes ethanol (and other non-fermentable carbon sources) from a previous alcoholic fermentation, and produces volatile compounds such as acetaldehyde. To start aging and maintain the wine stability, a high alcohol content is required, which is achieved by the previous fermentation or by adding ethanol (fortification). Here, an alternative method is proposed which aims to produce a more economic, distinctive Sherry wine without fortification. For this, a flor yeast has been pre-acclimatized to glycerol consumption against ethanol, and later confined in a fungal-based immobilization system known as “microbial biocapsules”, to facilitate its inoculum. Once aged, the wines produced using biocapsules and free yeasts (the conventional method) exhibited chemical differences in terms of acidity and volatile concentrations. These differences were evaluated positively by a sensory panel. Pre-acclimatization of flor yeasts to glycerol consumption was not successful but when cells were immobilized in fungal pellets, ethanol consumption was lower. We believe that immobilization of flor yeasts in microbial biocapsules is an economic technique that can be used to produce high quality differentiated Sherry wines.
How can entrepreneurs improve digital market segmentation? A comparative analysis of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms
Authors: Sáez-Ortuño Laura , Huertas-Garcia Ruben , Forgas-Coll Santiago , Puertas-Prats Eloi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe identification of digital market segments to make value-creating propositions is a major challenge for entrepreneurs and marketing managers. New technologies and the Internet have made it possible to collect huge volumes of data that are difficult to analyse using traditional techniques. The purpose of this research is to address this challenge by proposing the use of AI algorithms to cluster customers. Specifically, the proposal is to compare the suitability of supervised algorithms, XGBoost, versus unsupervised algorithms, K-means, for segmenting the digital market. To do so, both algorithms have been applied to a sample of 5 million Spanish users captured between 2010 and 2022 by a lead generation start-up. The results show that supervised learning with this type of data is more useful for segmenting markets than unsupervised learning, as it provides solutions that are better suited to entrepreneurs’ commercial objectives.
Justifications and Rights-Displacements
Authors: Dsouza Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn articles published ten years apart in 2011 and 2021, Gur-Arye argues that when considering an agent’s explanation for doing something that looks, prima facie, like a criminal offence, we should distinguish between a plea of justification, and an assertion that one acted within one’s power. The former explains an agent’s reasons for having committed a pro tanto offence (i.e., actus reus + mens rea). The latter is a denial that the agent committed any pro tanto offence at all. In this piece, I build on Gur-Arye’s argument, suggesting that her claim about powers can be extended to all instances in which rights are displaced. I argue that in its expanded form, the practical significance of Gur-Arye’s claim goes well beyond what she identifies. It points to important and underappreciated points about the structure and classification of defensive claims in the criminal law, and helps identify errors in some arguments commonly made to support claims about disputed features of justifications.
Representing and extracting knowledge from single-cell data
Authors: Mihai Ionut Sebastian , Chafle Sarang , Henriksson Johan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle-cell analysis is currently one of the most high-resolution techniques to study biology. The large complex datasets that have been generated have spurred numerous developments in computational biology, in particular the use of advanced statistics and machine learning. This review attempts to explain the deeper theoretical concepts that underpin current state-of-the-art analysis methods. Single-cell analysis is covered from cell, through instruments, to current and upcoming models. The aim of this review is to spread concepts which are not yet in common use, especially from topology and generative processes, and how new statistical models can be developed to capture more of biology. This opens epistemological questions regarding our ontology and models, and some pointers will be given to how natural language processing (NLP) may help overcome our cognitive limitations for understanding single-cell data.
Predicting Changes to Sexual Activity in Later Life: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gore-Gorszewska Gabriela , Ševčíková Anna , Gottfried Jaroslav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Prior research has focused intensively on understanding why some older adults are sexually active and others are not. However, very few studies have examined changes in the sexual frequency and the related predictors.

Methods
This study analyzed longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (2017–2020), specifically data from 978 Czechs (meanage = 69.7; SDage = 7.8; 60% women). Logistic and ordinal regression models were constructed to identify older people who were likely to maintain their sexual frequency; cease their sexual activity; and experience a change (i.e., increase or decrease) in the frequency of their sexual activity.

Results
Partnership status discriminated sexually active people from entirely sexually inactive people at both time points. Sexual cessation was connected to an increased number of chronic illnesses and poorer socioeconomic status. However, the target variables were ineffective in predicting the changes in sexual frequency among sexually active people in a heterosexual relationship.

Conclusions
This suggests that a more complex set of factors should be taken into consideration in future research.

Policy Implications
Recommendations related to good health and relationship stability may make later-life sexual activity more normative compared to previous older generations and linking sexual activity to successful ageing still needs to be critically reviewed.
Fish community responses to restoration of a eutrophic coastal bay
Authors: Bergström Lena , Fredriksson Ronny , Bergström Ulf , Rydin Emil , Kumblad Linda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterest in coastal restoration measures is increasing, but information about subsequent ecosystem recovery processes is limited. In Björnöfjärden on the Baltic Sea coast, Stockholm archipelago, a pioneering case study to reduce coastal eutrophication led to improvements and initially halved phosphorus levels. Here, we evaluate the effects of the restoration on the local fish assemblage over one decade after the measures. The study gives a unique possibility to evaluate responses of coastal fish to nutrient variables and abatement in a controlled natural setting. Cyprinid abundance decreased and perch partially increased with decreasing turbidity levels, while mean trophic level increased over time in the restored area. Responses were overall weak, likely attributed to an attenuation of the eutrophication abatement effect over time. The results suggest that nutrient reduction gives slow responses in fish compared to alternative measures such as fishing closures.
Glomerular injury after trauma, burn, and sepsis
Authors: Schult Lorena , Halbgebauer Rebecca , Karasu Ebru , Huber-Lang Markus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury development after trauma, burn, or sepsis occurs frequently but remains a scientific and clinical challenge. Whereas the pathophysiological focus has mainly been on hemodynamics and the downstream renal tubular system, little is known about alterations upstream within the glomerulus post trauma or during sepsis. Particularly for the glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, basal membrane, and podocytes, all of which form the glomerular filter, there are numerous in vitro studies on the molecular and functional consequences upon exposure of single cell types to specific damage- or microbial-associated molecular patterns. By contrast, a lack of knowledge exists in the real world regarding the orchestrated inflammatory response of the glomerulus post trauma or burn or during sepsis. Therefore, we aim to provide an overview on the glomerulus as an immune target but also as a perpetrator of the danger response to traumatic and septic conditions, and present major players involved in the context of critical illness. Finally, we highlight research gaps of this rather neglected but worthwhile area to define future molecular targets and therapeutic strategies to prevent or improve the course of AKI after trauma, burn, or sepsis.
Graphical abstract
The influence of ship stability in waves on naval vessel operational profiles
Authors: Petacco Nicola , Gualeni Paola 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnsuring a widely safe operational profile of naval vessels is one of the leading aspects of the design process. With reference to weather conditions, this kind of vessels often cannot avoid heavy situations to guarantee the continuity and the effectiveness of service. For this reason, an applied research investigation aimed to define guidance in operations is deemed as a worthwhile activity. In particular, the performance in waves under the perspective of intact stability has been considered in this work. The IMO second-generation intact stability criteria have been identified as a suitable tool for these investigations: as a result, there is evidence that operational guidance can be developed for a set of representative naval vessels, following the relevant guidelines. Outcomes have been represented by means of comprehensive polar diagrams addressing the intact stability failures modes. Bearing in mind the actual operational profile, results have been analysed and discussed considering how ship and operating decisions in a seaway condition may affect the performance in terms of ship stability.
Sealants and Other Management Strategies for PFAS-Contaminated Concrete and Asphalt
Authors: Douglas Grant B. , Vanderzalm Joanne L. , Kirby Jason K. , Williams Mike , Bastow Trevor P. , Bauer Mark , Bowles Karl C. , Skuse Darren , Kookana Rai S. , Davis Greg B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe unique properties of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have seen their widespread adoption, subsequent accumulation in the environment and concern regarding potential environmental effects. Globally, airfields and paved firefighting training surfaces are hotspots for accumulation of PFAS due to extensive use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). Evidence from contaminated concrete and asphalt airfield and training pavements suggests they may serve as an enduring PFAS source. This review investigates sealants as remediation technologies to minimise PFAS mobilisation from pavements drawing on current knowledge of remediation options for soils, sediments, surface and groundwaters.Recent FindingsThe review did not identify any published sealant information specific to PFAS. Our analysis showed that surface and penetrative sealants may offer an immediate solution via encapsulation of PFAS residues in concrete and asphalt. The most promising surface sealants likely to minimise water ingress and PFAS leaching are selected polymers and (modified) bitumen, owing to the relatively low cost, good adhesion, trafficability and chemical, heat and UV resistance. Potential also exists to enhance PFAS immobilisation using additives to absorb or otherwise chemically bind PFAS. Prospective penetrative sealants include silicates or siloxanes that bind to internal mineral surfaces and/or fill pores to restrict PFAS mobility. It is likely that combinations of surface and penetrative sealants will be required to meet functional, operational and management requirements with respect to new or existing contamination in concrete or asphalt pavements.SummaryAt present, few if any sealants have been evaluated for their ability to bind or mitigate PFAS mobility. This review serves as a starting point for further studies to evaluate their short or long-term effectiveness in immobilisation of PFAS residues in in situ or ex situ concrete and asphalt. Several knowledge gaps along with suggestions for future research have been made.
Evaluation of the Critical Times for the Crack Susceptibility Coefficient Calculation
Authors: Matsushita Taishi , Zamani Mohammadreza , Kump Andrej , Jarfors Anders E. W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to evaluate the hot tearing tendency based on the Clyne and Davies model by evaluating the critical times which can be obtained using a newly developed method. A method to determine the critical times required to calculate the crack susceptibility was presented based on the measurement results with Al–Si alloys, and the method to calculate the crack susceptibility coefficient was presented. In the newly developed method named “Signal intensity method,” signals were generated by tapping the edge of a waveguide which is immersed in molten and solidifying sample and the critical solid fractions were obtained from the signal intensity change. The conventional thermal analysis was also performed simultaneously and the corresponding critical points were identified. The method shown in the present study will enable the determination of the crack susceptibility coefficient with higher accuracy.