bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A room-temperature, low-impedance and high-IF-bandwidth terahertz heterodyne detector based on bowtie-antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Ding Qingfeng , Zhu Yifan , Xiang Lanyong , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Xinxing , Jin Lin , Shangguan Yang , Sun Jiandong , Qin Hua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a 330 GHz terahertz heterodyne detector based on bowtie-antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is designed and demonstrated. The bowtie antenna and a silicon lens couple the terahertz wave into a transmission line, in which the HEMT's channel generates both self-mixing and heterodyne signals. Compared to field-effect detectors without front low-noise amplifiers and output impedance matching, this detector boosts the intermediate-frequency (IF) bandwidth to 2.9 GHz due to a low output impedance of 505 Ω while maintaining a comparable sensitivity. With further sensitivity enhancement, such detectors would be developed into room-temperature, high-sensitivity, and high-IF-bandwidth heterodyne arrays.
Computational Processes for General Intelligence The SEOM Model
Authors: Balakrishnan Prabhakar 
Published: January 2023

<p>The ‘brain-mind-intelligence’ structure may be considered analogous to a ‘computer-operating system (OS)-application’ construct. Software development would be far more difficult without the benefit of abstractions like file and memory handles, and graphical user interfaces, implemented in operating systems. The easy access to application-level semantics, provided by the infrastructure of the OS, simplifies application development. Abstractions can play a similar role in producing intelligent systems. The power of abstractions may be determined by their ability to unify the treatment of several types of higher concepts. Unifying various concepts in the domain of intelligence, such as problems, solutions, objects, and emotions, through abstractions will be of immense value. This paper shows how ‘higher-level perceptions’ could be used to serve this objective and construct an OS-like infrastructure. With the infrastructure in place, ordinary software objects developed and deployed using standard methods, become accessible using the semantics provided by the infrastructure. Now, after brief training exercises, the objects would be available for intelligent use. The focus, therefore, is on the design of the infrastructure that could play a mind-like role in humans.</p>
<p>The design uses a new, non-symbolic, non-connectionist, transmutable method of representation that tackles the so-called ‘frame’ and ‘grounding’ problems of artificial intelligence. The infrastructure enables the conversion of sensory inputs to transmutable representations amenable to semantic modifications, to flexibly determine actions to perform on software objects developed externally. Furthermore, the infrastructure serves to ground and functionally manage the transmutable, connectionist, and symbolic systems. Thus, the new model plays a critical role in building intelligent systems that overcome major problems in learning and action selection, including brittleness associated with the limited semantics of purely symbolic and connectionist designs. </p>
<p>The new model is then evaluated in terms of features, against criteria set forth independently by Newell, Sun, Vernon, and others. In addition, a new measure of intelligence introduced in this paper is used to quantitatively compare the proposed model with some others developed over the years. </p>
Comorbidity as a factor initiating a shift in the microelement composition of saliva
Authors: Imanov A. M. , Mazur Yu. A. , Gadzhiev F. Ya. , Skalny A. A. , Khabadze Z. S. , Kakabadze E. M. 
Published: January 2023

The comorbidity of diseases reflects the mutual influence of pathological conditions of individual organs and systems of the body, which requires taking into account the current state of the patient. The presence of comorbidity in modern dentistry is one of the important problems that require attention in diagnosing a patient's condition, selecting treatment tactics and predicting the results of interventions. The possibility of diagnosing concomitant diseases by changing the microelement composition of saliva makes it possible to more effectively determine their presence, the severity of the existing concomitant pathology and determine the optimal treatment tactics.Trace elements contained in saliva regulate a number of biological processes, and their level reflects the state of homeostasis of the oral cavity, and in systemic diseases, the composition of saliva has a strong correlation with blood plasma and, therefore, can reflect the state of health of the body.There are both comorbidity of exclusively dental pathology, and comorbidity of dental diseases with other somatic pathologies. At the same time, the determination of changes in the microelement composition of saliva may indicate the development of inflammatory processes both in the oral cavity and in the body as a whole, a decrease in antioxidant protection, damage to enzyme systems and ion channels, pathological changes in mucous membranes, etc. . The possibility of analyzing the microelement composition of saliva in assessing the comorbidity of a patient's comorbidities seems to be a promising area of research in modern dentistry.
Rodzima kultura i język serbołużycki w działalności pedagogicznej Annemarie Paulik - świadomej Serbołużyczanki ze wsi Rohne
Authors: Michniuk Justyna , Kowalski Mirosław 
Published: January 2023

Biografie wielkich ludzi kojarzą się nam najczęściej z życiem i działalnością wybitnych władców, politycznych i duchowych liderów, dowódców zapisanych zwycięstwami armii, naukowców wyjaśniających procesy i zjawiska niewidoczne dla rzeszy społeczeństwa, artystów, aktorów i piosenkarzy odrywających nas od codzienności i choć przez chwilę przenoszących w inny świat. Jednak wielkość człowieka może być przypisana wielu innym interesującym ludziom, którzy swoje życie nakreślili pasją i zaangażowaniem w realizację ważnej społecznie idei. Bez wątpienia taką osobą jest Annemarie Müßiggang, z domu Paulik - Serbołużyczanka ze wsi Rohne (górnołużyckie Rowno) w Niemczech, w kraju związkowym Saksonia. Jej życie toczące się na terenach Górnych, później Dolnych Łużyc było silnie związane z kulturą Serbołużyczan. Annemarie Müßiggang stała się świadkiem przemian – marginalizowania kultury serbołużyckiej w wyniku nie tylko politycznych zwrotów, ale celowej polityki państwa niemieckiego. Wychowała się w rodzinie pielęgnującej serbołużyckie zwyczaje, tradycję i oczywiście język, co ukształtowało jej osobowość. Silne poczucie przynależności do narodu serbołużyckiego było jednym z powodów, dla których Annemarie Paulik wybrano jako przyszłą nauczycielkę. Była jednym z pierwszych nauczycieli, którzy rozpoczęli po wojnie pracę w nowo utworzonej w Cottbus/Chóśebuz szkole serbołużyckiej pod nazwą Serbska wuša šula (niem. Sorbische na Oberschule). W diasporze Serbołużyczan, trudno nazwać ją osobą przeciętną. Annemarie Müßiggang angażowała się również w działalność przeciwko dyskryminacji Serbołużyczan. Od początku była zaangażowana w umacnianie i rozwój rodzimej kultury mimo przeciwności i zmieniającym się ustrojom politycznym Niemiec. Ona sama i jej rodzina są najlepszym przykładem, że silna tożsamość narodowa oraz język serbołużycki mogą przetrwać, nawet w trudnych czasach. W tym przypadku miejsce urodzenia i wychowania odegrało w życiu tej Serbołużyczanki decydującą rolę i zdeterminowało jej dalsze losy jako świadomej i wykształconej serbołużyckiej nauczycielki, tłumaczki i wychowawczyni oraz matki.
Myśl pedagogiczna Profesora Mieczysława Łobockiego (1929 – 2012) – lubelskiego pedagoga, teoretyka wychowania i humanisty
Authors: Wosik-Kawala Danuta , Zubrzycka-Maciąg Teresa 
Published: January 2023

Profesor Mieczysław Łobocki (1926-2012) to wybitny polski pedagog, teoretyk wychowania i humanista. Zawodowo związany z dwiema lubelskimi uczelniami: Katolickim Uniwersytetem Lubelskim Jana Pawła II oraz Uniwersytetem Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Autor wielu znanych publikacji poświęconych teorii wychowania, aksjologii i metodologii badań pedagogicznych. Zwolennik i propagator idei wychowania skoncentrowanego na dziecku, jego godności i wolności. To niestrudzony badacz poszukujący uwarunkowań efektywnego wychowania, ukierunkowanego na emocjonalny i społeczny rozwój wychowanków w duchu wartości moralnych. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie syntezy myśli pedagogicznej Profesora Mieczysława Łobockiego na podstawie analizy Jego tekstów, jak również osobistych, wieloletnich doświadczeń Autorek wyniesionych ze współpracy z Profesorem. Opracowanie przybliża podejście Mieczysława Łobockiego do wychowania, nacechowane wrażliwością i troską o dobro drugiego człowieka. Tekst wzbogacony jest o krótką notę biograficzną o Profesorze, rzucającą nieco światła na jego rys osobowościowy, poglądy pedagogiczne i działalność naukową.
Dwie ścieżki akademickiej kariery – wspólny horyzont uniwersyteckich wartości. Praktyki epistolograficzne Czesława Miłosza i Jana Błońskiego
Authors: Sieroń Dorota 
Published: January 2023

Przeprowadzona w ramach niniejszego artykułu analiza trzydziestodziewięcioletniej korespondencji (lata 1958-1997) Czesława Miłosza i Jana Błońskiego stała się podstawą do wskazania relacyjnego wymiaru akademickiej profesji, w której twórczo splatają się działalność badawcza i dydaktyczna. Dokonana rekonstrukcja ich akademickiej kariery to zarówno wydobycie pedagogicznego rysu w biografii światowej sławy poety – Noblisty, a zarazem konfrontacja dwóch modeli uniwersyteckich karier (amerykańskiej i polskiej). Warto jednak podkreślić, że pomimo zróżnicowanych dróg awansu naukowego zarówno Miłosz, jak i Błoński stali się mistrzami i jak wskazuje ich korespondencja realizowali w pracy zawodowej te same wartości uniwersyteckie: dbałość o relację mistrz - uczeń, uważność na prace innych uczonych i dialog z nimi oraz twórcze podejście do pracy badawczej i dydaktycznej. W niniejszym opracowaniu autorka dokonuje odkrycia nowego badawczego wymiaru listu, który nie tylko jest cennym źródłem do badań, ale dla Jana Błońskiego – badacza twórczości Czesława Miłosza stał się narzędziem badawczym, dając sposobność do konfesyjnej, a zarazem owocnej naukowo rozmowy badacza z artystą.
Aerodynamic analysis of human walking, running and sprinting by numerical simulations
Authors: Forte Pedro , Sousa Nuno , Teixeira José Eduardo , Marinho Daniel A. , Monteiro António M. , Bragada José A. , Morais Jorge E. , Barbosa Tiago M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The drag in walking, running, and sprinting locomotion can be assessed by analytical procedures and experimental techniques. However, assessing the drag variations by these three main locomotion’s (i.e., walking, running, and sprinting) were not found using computational fluid dynamics. (CFD). Thus, the aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to assess the aerodynamics of human walking, running, and sprinting by CFD technique; 2) compare such aerodynamic characteristics between walking and running.
Methods
Three 3D models were produced depicting the walking, running, and sprinting locomotion techniques, converted to computer aided design models and meshed. The drag varied with locomotion type.
Results
Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity.
Conclusions
In conclusion, drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity.
Pedestrian dynamic response and injury risk in high speed vehicle crashes
Authors: Jin Nie  , Xiaojiang Lv  , Xing Huang  , Kui Li  , Guibing Li  
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The purpose of the current study is to understand pedestrian kinematics, biomechanical response and injury risk in high speed vehicle crashes.
Methods
Vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes at the impact speeds of 40km/h (reference set) and 70km/h (analysis set) were simulated employing FE models of a sedan front and an SUV front together with a pedestrian FE model developed using hollow structures. The predictions from crash simulations of different vehicle types and impact speeds were compared and analyzed.
Results
In crashes at 70km/h, pedestrian head-vehicle contact velocity is about 20-30% higher than the vehicle impact speed; the peak head angular velocity exceeds 100rad/s and is close to the instant of head-vehicle contact; brain strain appears two peaks and the second peak (after head contact) is obviously higher than the first (before head contact), and AIS4+ head injury risk is above 50%; excessive thorax compression induces rib fractures and lung compression; both sedan and SUV cases show a high risk (> 70%) of AIS3+ thorax injury, and the risk of AIS4+ thorax injury is lower than 40% in the sedan case and higher than 50% for the SUV case.
Conclusions
Pedestrians in vehicle crashes at 70km/h have a higher AIS3+/AIS4+ head and thorax injury risk, high vehicle impact speed is more easily to induce a high head angular velocity at the instant of head-vehicle contact, brain strain is strongly associated with the combined effect of head rotational velocity and acceleration, and pedestrian thorax injury risk is more sensitive to vehicle impact speed than the head.
Experimental and numerical analysis of blood flow in roughness impact-R test
Authors: Kopernik Magdalena , Kruczek Dawid , Kurtyka Przemysław , Pomorska Małgorzata , Major Roman 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The present study covers simulation of blood flow in a roughness impact R test model to anticipate the hemodynamic conditions of adhesion of blood elements to the modified surface. It was performed using numerical modelling of this process. The aim of these simulations is to create a surface morphology that stimulates the adhesion of blood elements to the surface of base plate of impact R test.
Methods
The morphology of base plate of impact R test was developed using a vacuum powder sintering of commercial purity titanium powder (CP-Ti) on Ti6Al7Nb substrate. The finite volume method (FVM) and disperse particle method (DPM) were applied to develop the target model of a roughness impact R test. The morphology of modified surfaces was documented with digital microscope and SEM (scanning electron microscopy).
Results
The impact R test developed using the two phase blood model performed on regularly structured base plate resulted in shear stress values higher than the analogous for the model lacking such modification. The most significant reduction in maximum values of shear stress occurred in case of the DPM model and especially in the model with regular structures.
Conclusions
The proposed models are very effective in modeling of the analysis of blood flow in roughness impact-R test.
Glaucoma Prevalence in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Eye Policlinic, Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo
Authors: Margaretha Maria , Suleman Naning 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Glaucoma is a disease of damage to the optic nerve that causes narrowing of the visual field and loss of visual function. One of the systemic conditions that can trigger glaucoma is diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in diabetic patients at the Eye Polyclinic of RSUD Prof. Dr H. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo.Methods: This research used a descriptive retrospective study design on medical records at Eye Polyclinic of RSUD Prof. Dr H. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo from January to December 2020.Results: The results showed that from 12 cases of glaucoma in diabetes mellitus patients, there were more males, namely 8 patients (66.7%) and 4 patients (33.3%). Based on the age group, the most in the 40-60 year age group were 10 patients (84%). Based on the type of diabetes, all cases were found in type II diabetes, namely 12 patients (100%). Based on the length of time the patient had diabetes, it was found that 11 patients (92%) had diabetes 5 years.Conclusion: In patients with diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of glaucoma was more in men who had diabetes for a long time.
Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Suleman Naning 
Published: January 2023

Background: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the standard gold therapy to prevent vision loss in severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Contents: Photocoagulation is a therapeutic technique using a solid light source to coagulate tissue. This light energy is absorbed by the retinal tissue and converted into thermal energy. This energy then causes the abnormal blood vessels in the retina to shrink and disappear. It takes approximately 6-8 weeks for complete shrinkage of blood vessels.Conclusion: Laser retinal photocoagulation is the standard therapy in diabetic retinopathy patients. By causing thermal lesions of the pathological retinal vessels, the expected outcome can be achieved in 2-3 months of therapy.
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUANTITAS PESERTA DIDIK BARU DI SMK SALAFIAH KEJAYAN PASURUAN
Authors: Muawanah Arofatul , Islamiyah Sheilatul 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to map out what strategies are applied at SMK Salafiah Kejayan Pasuruan.
This is very reasonable, because in fact SMK Salafiah Kejayan is a newly established institution, namely since 2015. However, every year this institution is able to get quite a lot of students. For example, in the 2020/2021 school year there are 172 registered students and in the 2021/2022 school year there are 207 with details of 125 male and 82 female students.The research method used is qualitative by using data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews.The results of this study indicate that the strategy used by SMK Salafiah Kejayan Pasuruan in increasing the number of new students is to use a promotion mix consisting of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing and word of mouth. For advertising, apply online advertising and offline advertising; personal selling is applied by assigning a board of teachers and students to participate in socialization activities at the targeted school; sales promotions by providing discounts for the first registrants and scholarships for outstanding students and poor families; public relations still found one research that discusses SMK Salafiah Kejayan, namely the use of the Form To method in PAI learning; direct marketing by scheduling direct meetings between the Salafiah Kejayan Vocational School and the target schools; and for word of mouth by establishing good communication and friendly behavior to the general public and routinely conducting social activities aimed at the surrounding community
Syi’ru Al-Jazal Al-Magribiy f ī Ḍaw’ Ad-Dirāsat At-Taqābuliyyah Baina Al ‘Arabiyyah Al-Fusha wa Al-‘Āmiyyat Al-Magribiyyah
Authors: Agustina Sita Yulia , Wargadinata Wildana , Maturedy Faris , Maimunah Iffat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the difference between Fusha and Amiyah languages in Omar Benhidi's syiir Zajal by using contrastive analysis on two aspects of language, namely phonological and morphological aspects. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The primary sources of data used in the study are three poetries of Omar Benhidi's on his YouTube channel entitled as-Shahaab, as-Siiruur and Baaridul Kattaf. The data collection techniques were listening technique, proficient involvement, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique adopted the Miles & Huberman model which consists of reduction, display, and conclusion. The results of this research are: 1) From the morphonological aspect, the word comparison from Darijah Maghribiyah to Fusha include the differences in 21 words. Those are in the form of combining Dhamir Mutakallim Wahdah with Dhomir Mutakallim Ma’al Ghair, then summarizing Shigat Isim Maushul, Naht, replacing Dhamir Ha with Wawu letter, adding of Kaf letters at the beginning of Fi'il Mudhari', and Isim Mudzakkar which applies on Muannats. 2) From the phonological aspect, the results cover the differences in 30 words; namely in the form of a sound change, shortened sound, and the Ibdal.
Keywords: Amiyah, Morphology, Phonology, Syiir, Zajal al-Maghriby
The InBIO barcoding initiative database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Trichoptera, documenting biodiversity for freshwater biomonitoring in a Mediterranean hotspot
Authors: Pauperio Joana , Gonzalez Luis Martin , Martinez Jesus , González Marcos , Martins Filipa MS , Veríssimo Joana , Puppo Pamela , Pinto Joana , Chaves Cátia , Pinho Catarina J. , Grosso-Silva José Manuel , Quaglietta Lorenzo , Silva Teresa Luísa , Sousa Pedro , Alves Paulo , Fonseca Nuno , Beja Pedro , Ferreira Sónia 
Published: January 2023

The Trichoptera are an important component of freshwater ecosystems. In the Iberian Peninsula, 380 taxa of caddisﬂies are known, with nearly 1/3 of the total species being endemic in the region. A reference collection of morphologically identified Trichoptera specimens, representing 142 Iberian taxa, was constructed. The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Trichoptera 01 dataset contains records of 438 sequenced specimens. The species of this dataset correspond to about 37% of Iberian Trichoptera species diversity. Specimens were collected between 1975 and 2018 and are deposited in the IBI collection at the CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Portugal) or in the collection Marcos A. González at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).Twenty-nine species, from nine different families, were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). A success identification rate of over 80% was achieved when comparing morphological identifications and DNA barcodes for the species analysed. This encouraging step advances incorporation of informed Environmental DNA tools in biomonitoring schemes, given the shortcomings of morphological identifications of larvae and adult Caddisﬂies in such studies. DNA barcoding was not successful in identifying species in six Trichoptera genera:Hydropsyche(Hydropsychidae),Athripsodes(Leptoceridae),Wormaldia(Philopotamidae),Polycentropus(Polycentropodidae)Rhyacophila(Rhyacophilidae) andSericostoma(Sericostomatidae). The high levels of intraspecific genetic variability found, combined with a lack of a barcode gap and a challenging morphological identification, rendered these species as needing additional studies to resolve their taxonomy.