bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Utilizing Permutational Multiple Analysis of Variance as a Precursor for Nonparametric Statistical Learning with Cyber Network Data
Authors: Woolman Thomas , Pickard John 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Although scientific hypothesis testing methodologies are well established, their application to falsifiable hypothesis testing for assessing causal relationships potentially identified by machine learning and artificial intelligence models is rare due to the primarily nonparametric statistical nature of these systems.OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential for applying nonparametric statistical tests to a mixed qualitative and quantitative cyber network dataset as a method to pre-assess the feasibility of applying forms of statistical hypothesis testing before a machine learning algorithm models the data.METHODS: A mixture of permuted analysis of variance models augmented by the use of transformed non-Euclidean multivariate distances between curated dependent variable classes produced this research data. Quasi-experimental data from an enclosed laboratory environment utilizing a monitored, locally unrestricted network that introduced known Internet of Things (IoT) malware software supplied network flow events.RESULTS: A PERMANOVA model was executed against 62,000 records of the network flow observations, using Euclidean distance measurements with variable-dependent relationship ordering, using terms added sequentially (first to last) in the order encountered in the raw network flow dataset, using 200 permutations. This precursor test resulted in a p-value for the PERMANOVA model that incorporated terms added sequentially of 0.02985, providing an F value of 0.00017 with which to determine the ratio of explained to unexplained variance. Utilizing an analysis of the F values for all of the residuals, we show 29,998 degrees of freedom with a residual F model score of 0.99983, indicating that there is a strong proportion of explained to unexplained variance across all of the independent variables contained in the model. The model is thus statistically significant with a p-value below the alpha test statistic of 0.05.CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that it is possible to apply tests of falsifiability that incorporate reproducible methods into the quasi-experiment design and apply this to the field of machine learning. Applied to AI/ML (artificial intelligence/machine learning) models, this pre-assessment methodology supports the appropriateness of cyber network flow datasets in which a final test of statistical significance would be required. The authors believe that this represents a substantially useful precursor assessment stage for the suitability and reliability of the utilization of any nonparametric statistical learning algorithms applied to cyber network data predictive analytics.
Weak random periodic solutions of random dynamical systems
Authors: Sun Wei , Zheng Zuo-Huan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe first introduce the concept of weak random periodic solutions of random dynamical systems. Then, we discuss the existence of such periodic solutions. Further, we introduce the definition of weak random periodic measures and study their relationship with weak random periodic solutions. In particular, we establish the existence of invariant measures of random dynamical systems by virtue of their weak random periodic solutions. We use concrete examples to illustrate the weak random periodic phenomena of dynamical systems induced by random and stochastic differential equations.
Niveles de desempeño y actitudes hacia las matemáticas
Authors: Hidalgo Vargas Claudio José , Gaona Alvarado Jessica Katherine , Hidalgo Vargas Ana Lucia , Calderón Zambrano Richar Lutter , Pérez Villafuerte Esteban Xavier 
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación pretende abordar la problemática existente en los estudiantes universitarios que manifiestan distintas actitudes hacia las matemáticas y el efecto provocado en su nivel de desempeño académico. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación entre el desempeño matemático de los estudiantes y sus actitudes hacia las matemáticas. Metodológicamente, se empleó un diseño de investigación cuantitativa de enfoque correlacional y corte transversal; además, se aplicaron dos instrumentos: uno para evaluar el desempeño académico mediante un examen no estandarizado, y otro para medir las actitudes hacia las matemáticas; a una muestra de 339 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, Gestión Empresarial e Informática en la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los factores actitudinales de motivación, agrado y ansiedad se relacionan directamente con su nivel de desempeño académico.
Economic Recovery Strategy after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: . Yuliana 
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been more than one year. It was started in March 2020. All aspects of life have been changed. Almost every activity must be done at home. This causes some businesses to close. Economic flow is not good since then. The economic recovery strategy must be done to restore the economic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic subsided. This paper aims to describe the strategy in economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This paper is a literature review. The literature was taken from Science Direct and PubMed databases. Keywords are COVID-19, economy, recovery, strategy. The results showed that the economic recovery strategy must be done gradually in all aspects. The aspects that must be developed are broadband, healthcare investment and facilities, aviation, stock markets, and transportation. Broadband is very essential in online working, business, and learning. Healthcare investment is very critical to shorten the lockdown period. Those strategies can alleviate the economic crisis and increase economic growth.
Keywords: COVID-19, economy, recovery, strategy
JEL : A10, O1, Z18
The Conceptual Access-NeTwORk (CANTOR) Thesis: Theorizing the Development or Success of New Internet-Based Products, Services, or Technologies
Authors: Carroll La Shun L. 
Published: July 2023

For any new internet-based product, service, or technology to succeed, it must satisfy the criterion of providing access to or creating a network of possible users, products, and services. This is the Conceptual Access-Network (CANTOR) Thesis proposed. In addition to the main issues of success and how and why internet technology evolves, the principle can also meet the objective of explaining what underlies a range of traditional and nontraditional technologies beyond the internet. Through qualitative exploration, the tenets of the access-network thesis are applied to natural and synthetic forms of endocrine substances including insulin and highways. A discussion of technologically generated knowledge is included, as well as how phenomenotechnique can be used to establish a communication path between technology and what it produces. Dr. Stanley Milgram's intimate stranger phenomenon which was first explored in 1967, before the internet existed, will ultimately be distorted by the future of internet-based technologies. As previously discovered or established concepts are combined or permuted, the future will display numerous manifestations, combinations, and permutations. We conclude that successful internet-based products, services, or technologies simply would not work without an access network. From this article, we have gained a better understanding of the current development stage of internet-based products and technology, thereby enabling society to better anticipate the future of internet-based products and technology, highlight significant ethical considerations, and avoid unwanted outcomes.
A unified synergistic retrieval of clouds, aerosols, and precipitation from EarthCARE: the ACM-CAP product
Authors: Mason Shannon L. , Hogan Robin J. , Bozzo Alessio , Pounder Nicola L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. ACM-CAP provides a synergistic best-estimate retrieval of all clouds, aerosols, and precipitation detected by the atmospheric lidar (ATLID), cloud-profiling radar (CPR), and multi-spectral imager (MSI) aboard EarthCARE (Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer). While synergistic retrievals are now mature in many contexts, ACM-CAP is unique in that it provides a unified retrieval of all hydrometeors and aerosols. The Cloud, Aerosol, and Precipitation from mulTiple Instruments using a VAriational TEchnique (CAPTIVATE) algorithm allows for a robust accounting of observational and retrieval errors and the contributions of passive and integrated measurements and for enforcing physical relationships between components (e.g. the conservation of precipitating mass flux through the melting layer). We apply ACM-CAP to EarthCARE scenes simulated from numerical weather model forecasts and evaluate the retrievals against “true” quantities from the numerical model. The retrievals are well-constrained by observations from active and passive instruments and overall closely resemble the bulk quantities (e.g. cloud water content, precipitation mass flux, and aerosol extinction) and microphysical properties (e.g. cloud effective radius and median volume diameter) from the model fields. The retrieval performs best where the active instruments have a strong and unambiguous signal, namely in ice clouds and snow, which is observed by both ATLID and CPR, and in light to moderate rain, where the CPR signal is strong. In precipitation, CPR's Doppler capability permits enhanced retrievals of snow particle density and raindrop size. In complex and layered scenes where ATLID is obscured, we have shown that making a simple assumption about the presence and vertical distribution of liquid cloud in rain and mixed-phase clouds allows improved assimilation of MSI solar radiances. In combination with a constraint on the CPR path-integrated attenuation from the ocean surface, this leads to improved retrievals of both liquid cloud and rain in midlatitude stratiform precipitation. In the heaviest precipitation, both active instruments are attenuated and dominated by multiple scattering; in these situations, ACM-CAP provides a seamless retrieval of cloud and precipitation but is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. ACM-CAP's aerosol retrieval is performed in hydrometeor-free parts of the atmosphere and constrained by ATLID and MSI solar radiances. While the aerosol optical depth is well-constrained in the test scenes, there is a high degree of noise in the profiles of extinction. The use of numerical models to simulate test scenes has helped to showcase the capabilities of the ACM-CAP clouds, aerosols, and precipitation product ahead of the launch of EarthCARE.
A global database of historic glacier lake outburst floods
Authors: Lützow Natalie , Veh Georg , Korup Oliver 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Ongoing atmospheric warming has accelerated glacier mass loss in
many mountain regions worldwide. Glacier lakes trap part of the glacial
meltwater and have increased by about 50 % in number and area since the 1990s.
Some of these glacier lakes may empty catastrophically and pose hazards to
mountain communities, infrastructure, and habitats. Such glacier lake
outburst floods (GLOFs) have caused millions of dollars of damages and
fatalities and are one of many concerns about future changes in the
magnitude, frequency, and impacts of processes of a shrinking mountain
cryosphere. Consistently compiled inventories are thus vital to assess
regional and local trends in GLOF occurrence, hazard, and risk. To this end,
we studied 769 literature and internet sources and developed a standardized
database with 57 attributes that describe and quantify the location, dam
type, size, timing, and impacts of GLOFs in nine glaciated mountain regions.
Our GLOF inventory also includes details about the lake area before and
after the outburst for 391 cases that we manually mapped from optical
satellite images since 1984. In total, we compiled 3151 reported GLOFs that
occurred in 27 countries between 850 and 2022 CE. Most GLOFs have been
reported in NW North America (26 %) and Iceland (19 %). However, the
reporting density in our inventory varies. During the 20th century
alone, the number of yearly documented GLOFs increased 6-fold. Less than
one-quarter of all reported cases feature hydrodynamic characteristics such
as flood peak discharge or volume or estimates of loss and damage. Our
inventory more than doubles the number of reported GLOFs in a previous
global inventory, though gaps in attributes remain. Our data collection
process emphasizes the support of local experts in contributing previously
undocumented cases, and we recommend applying protocols when reporting new
cases. The global database on historic GLOFs is archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7330344 (Lützow and Veh,
2023a) and regularly updated at http://glofs.geoecology.uni-potsdam.de/ (last access: 9 May 2023).
The mixed-layer depth in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP): impact of resolving mesoscale eddies
Authors: Treguier Anne Marie , de Boyer Montégut Clement , Bozec Alexandra , Chassignet Eric P. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , McC. Hogg Andy , Iovino Doroteaciro , Kiss Andrew E. , Le Sommer Julien , Li Yiwen , Lin Pengfei , Lique Camille , Liu Hailong , Serazin Guillaume , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Xu Xiaobio , Yeager Steve 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The ocean mixed layer is the interface between the ocean interior and the atmosphere or sea ice and plays a key role in climate variability. It is
thus critical that numerical models used in climate studies are capable of a good representation of the mixed layer, especially its depth. Here we
evaluate the mixed-layer depth (MLD) in six pairs of non-eddying (1∘ grid spacing) and eddy-rich (up to 1/16∘) models from the
Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP), forced by a common atmospheric state. For model evaluation, we use an updated MLD dataset computed from
observations using the OMIP protocol (a constant density threshold). In winter, low-resolution models exhibit large biases in the deep-water
formation regions. These biases are reduced in eddy-rich models but not uniformly across models and regions. The improvement is most noticeable in
the mode-water formation regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Results in the Southern Ocean are more contrasted, with biases of either sign remaining
at high resolution. In eddy-rich models, mesoscale eddies control the spatial variability in MLD in winter. Contrary to a hypothesis that the
deepening of the mixed layer in anticyclones would make the MLD larger globally, eddy-rich models tend to have a shallower mixed layer at most
latitudes than coarser models do. In addition, our study highlights the sensitivity of the MLD computation to the choice of a reference level and
the spatio-temporal sampling, which motivates new recommendations for MLD computation in future model intercomparison projects.
Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography as the Method of Choice in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Young Women
Authors: Chernaya A. V. , Ul’yanova R. Kh. , Bagnenko S. S. , Krivorot’ko P. V. , Novikov S. N. , Zaytsev A. N. 
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer (BC) in young women is cancer that has developed in women aged less than 40 years. Purpose of this study was to compare the overall diagnostic performance of CESM and digital mammography (DM) in detecting breast cancer in women under 40 years. The study group included 75 patients.When analyzing the data obtained, all indicators of diagnostic effectiveness in CESM statistically significantly exceeded the DM data.Thus, due to the ability to assess vascularization, CESM is characterized by higher sensitivity in the diagnosis of breast cancer in young women comparing to DM.
Pembinaan Kerohanian Peserta Didik Melalui Kegiatan Ibadah di SD Negeri No 122380. Jl. Kain Suji Pematang Siantar
Authors: Gultom Listra , Tarigan Mulina , Harahap Gabriella , Panjaitan Tutur 
Published: July 2023

Dalam usia anak SD kelas I-VI itu adalah hal yang sangat baik untuk dilakukan Pembinaan Rohani kepada mereka, sebab usia dini itu, jika kita mengajar hal yang benar maka itu akan tertanam dalam Pikiran dan hati mereka sama besar bahkan bisa samai tua. Apalagi kalau kita melihat di zaman saat ini yang penuh dengan godaan, membuat anak-anak di usia dini sangat mudah terpengaruh untuk melakukan dosa dan tidak bertumbuh secara karakter, Dalam Pembinaan Rohani inilah anak-anak dibina untuk memiliki karakter-karakter yang benar, sehingga mereka menjadi anak-anak teladan dalam keluarga mereka, karena dari penelitian bahwa anak-anak di SD N 122380 ini kebanyakan mereka tidak beribadah dikarenakan orangtua mereka sibuk mencari nafkah, keadaan ekonomi membuat mereka tidak pergi ke gereja mencari Tuhan dan ada juga anak-anak yang tinggal dengan saudara mereka, sebab orangtua mereka brokenhome sehingga dalam pebinaan kerohanian kurang.Untuk itulahMahasiswi Pendidikan Agama Kristen STT Misi William Carey rindu untuk mengadakan ibadah di UPTD SD N 122380 Pematang Siantar, supaya lewat ibadah ini Kerohanian anak-anak SD lebih lagi dibina, sehingga mereka menjadi anak-anak yang terbina dan bisa membawa keluarga mereka untuk mendekat kepada Tuhan. Untuk mengetahui pentingnya pembinaan Rohani di SD N 122380 tersebut, maka dilakukan metode Sosialisasi, Ceramah dan pelatihan. Maka dari hal tersebut dilihat anak-anak memiliki perubahan yaitu membaca firman dan berdoa, yang sebelumnya 20% membaca firman dan berdoa, tetapi setelah dilakukan pembinaan Rohani sekitar 60% sudah membaca firman dan berdoa. Kadang anak-anak tersebut berebut untuk mimpin doa, mereka bersemangat ketika diadakan ibadah di dalam kelas ataupun di Aula/ ibadah gabungan. Nah, dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembinaan Rohani sangatlah penting untuk anak-anak SD N 122380 Jl. Kain Suji Pematang Siantar.
Key Word: Pembinaan Rohani, Baca Firman, Berdoa
Improving Students’ Vocabulary Achievement by Using Twitter and Instagram Multimedia
Authors: Sirait Sarma , Hanim Saidatul 
Published: July 2023

This study attempts to improve students’ achievement in vocabulary by using Twitter and Instagram multimedia. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class VIII-2 SMP FREE METHODIST 2 Medan which consisted of 40 students. The research was conducted in two cycles, cycle I of four meeting and cycle II consisted of two meetings. The instruments for collecting data were quantitative data namely vocabulary test and qualitative data namely, observation sheet and questionnaire. .Based on quantitative data, in vocabulary test, students score kept improving in every test of vocabulary. The finding of this is Twitter and Instagram multimedia can improve the students’ vocabulary achievement. It can be prove from the calculation of test in both of cycles. The mean of pre test is 59. The students who got higher than 75 is 10%. The mean of post test cycle I is 75,75 and students who got higher than 75 is 26 students 65%. Te post test average on post test is 89,5, all of them 100% got higher than standard minimum. There is an improvement of the application of twitter and instagram multimedia to teach vocabulary in eight grade of SMP FREE METHODIST 2 Medan. Based on observation sheet and questionnaire sheet it was found that the students were active and enthusiastic in learning vocabulary by using twitter and instagram multmedia. The result of the research showed that twitter and instagram multimedia significantly improved students.
Keywords: Vocabulary Achievement, Twitter, Instagram
The Application Of Word Webbing Technique In Improving Students’ Achievement In Vocabulary At Mts Muhammadiyah 15 Medan
Authors: Nazli Fahada  , Saidatul Hanim  
Published: July 2023

To master vocabulary is influenced by many factors, many techniques and strategies such as playing scrabble, memorize new vocabulary by English song and word webbing technique also can be a way to master and memorize vocabulary. In this research, the researcher limits the study on the technique.

Word webbing technique is a way to help the students to think more creative to associate idea or words more easily. Word webbing approach is a way to assist the students of university to think greater innovative to companion thought or phrases more easily. Word webbing is a notion mapping of words, which is, normal through ability of webs and links. Word webbing is a approach that can be used to expand thinking or words. This method is beneficial for the students of university who favor or like to make higher their ideas or words, specially in getting to understand vocabulary. The goals of this research are to understand if the students’ success in vocabulary can be accelerated through the application of phrase webbing approach or not. The research was once carried out only in one class with two cycles. The archives have been taken from the first 12 months MTs Muhammadiyah 15 Medan. The real variety of the students in the category used to be 27 students. The finding of the research is that Word Webbing Technique can help the students improve their vocabulary achievement. By making use of this Word Webbing Technique, the ranking of the students in vocabulary saved increasing from the pre- test until the post- test seem to be at in each cycle. It was once proved through the use of the data which validated that the mean of the students in the post- test II (77.0) was higher than the post I (70.4) and additionally higher than pre- test (51.5).

Keywords : word webbing technique, vocabulary
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' ERRORS IN USING PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT IN THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 1 TANJUNG PURA
Authors: Harahap Amnun Isnawati 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study were to identify the types of errors made by tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura in the use of personal pronouns in writing descriptive text, as well as the reasons for these errors. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. There were 36 students of grade X of MIA 1 were taken as samples. This study employed a descriptive methodology. The researcher administered a written test requiring students to compose descriptive texts about a person to collect the data. As research participants were students in the tenth grade will be administered the examination. The purpose is to identify errors made by students. It is also necessary to know what types of errors students make. The data analysis revealed that the tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura made the following quantifier errors when writing descriptive texts: omission, additional, misformation, and misordering. The majority of errors were omission errors with a value of 36.84%, followed by addition errors with a value of 84 or 20.74%, misformation errors with a percentage of 32.10%, and misordering errors with a value of 43 or 10.62%. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it was determined that the student's lack of motivation to learn was largely attributable to their difficulties with reading, writing, and comprehension, especially in terms of applying what they learn to real-world situations.
Keywords: Error analysis, Personal pronouns, Descriptive Text.