bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural activity and network analysis for understanding reasoning using the matrix reasoning task
Authors: Caudle M. M. , Spadoni A. D. , Schiehser D. M. , Simmons A. N. , Bomyea J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReasoning requires the ability to manipulate mental representations and understand relationships between objects. There is a paucity of research regarding the functional connections between multiple brain areas that may interact during commonly used reasoning tasks. The present study aimed to examine functional activation and connectivity of frontoparietal regions during a Matrix Decision Making Task, completed by twenty-one right-handed healthy participants while undergoing fMRI. Voxel-wise whole brain analysis of neural response to the task revealed activation spanning dorsal and lateral prefrontal, occipital, and parietal regions. Utilizing Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation, a data-driven approach that estimates the presence and direction of connectivity between specific ROIs, connectivity between prefrontal and sensory processing regions were revealed. Moreover, the magnitude of connectivity strength between the left precentral gyrus and left dorsal cingulate (dACC) was positively correlated with MR behavioral performance. Taken together, results are consistent with earlier work demonstrating involvement of regions comprising the central executive network in relational reasoning. These data expand existing knowledge regarding communication of key brain regions during the task and demonstrate that understanding how key brain regions are interconnected can effectively predict the quality of behavioral output.
Exploring the born global firms from the Asia Pacific
Authors: Anand Amitabh , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Selivanovskikh Louisa , Ren Shuang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to synthesize the extant research on the Born Global Firms (BGF) phenomenon, mainly focusing on the Asia Pacific region (APAC). We adopt the systematic literature review methodology to identify the main context-specific drivers (‘success factors’) and outcomes of BGFs’ accelerated internationalization and the challenges they face before, during, and after global expansion. The analysis and evaluation of relevant studies reveal several critical variables that need to be extensively investigated (separately and in tandem) by scholars in order to advance existing theories and, at the same time, explain the out-of-pattern behaviors of BGFs outside the typical ‘Western economy’ context. Among the core variables are international entrepreneurial orientation and culture adoption, organizational learning and networking strategies, global strategic human capital and network resources (as predictors of BGFs’ international performance) and resource constraints, institutional and cultural distances, and liabilities of newness, smallness, foreignness, outsidership, and emergingness (as constraints to BGFs’ success). By identifying the research gaps and proposing a comprehensive framework with promising avenues for future research into the phenomenon of BGFs from the APAC region, this study helps enhance our understanding of the global strategy formation and execution processes of international new ventures from ‘the East’ and stimulate interdisciplinary dialogue between international business, strategy, and entrepreneurship scholars.
Learning scalable and efficient communication policies for multi-robot collision avoidance
Authors: Serra-Gómez Álvaro , Zhu Hai , Brito Bruno , Böhmer Wendelin , Alonso-Mora Javier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDecentralized multi-robot systems typically perform coordinated motion planning by constantly broadcasting their intentions to avoid collisions. However, the risk of collision between robots varies as they move and communication may not always be needed. This paper presents an efficient communication method that addresses the problem of “when” and “with whom” to communicate in multi-robot collision avoidance scenarios. In this approach, each robot learns to reason about other robots’ states and considers the risk of future collisions before asking for the trajectory plans of other robots. We introduce a new neural architecture for the learned communication policy which allows our method to be scalable. We evaluate and verify the proposed communication strategy in simulation with up to twelve quadrotors, and present results on the zero-shot generalization/robustness capabilities of the policy in different scenarios. We demonstrate that our policy (learned in a simulated environment) can be successfully transferred to real robots.
Biodiversity in residential gardens: a review of the evidence base
Authors: Delahay Richard J. , Sherman D. , Soyalan B. , Gaston K. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResidential gardens are a principal component of urban green infrastructure throughout the world and their potential positive contributions to biodiversity are increasingly recognised. But the characteristics of gardens reflect the needs, values and interests of individual households. The present review summarises evidence from studies of garden biodiversity published in the scientific literature, describes major themes and identifies important knowledge gaps. A search of the Web of Science database identified 408 published articles on the biodiversity of residential gardens (1981–2022), with numbers increasing over time and a strong bias towards Europe (32.1%) and North America (23.8%). Plants and invertebrates were most frequently studied, and species diversity was often correlated with garden size and habitat complexity. Botanic composition and vegetation cover were often positively associated with the diversity and abundance of fauna. Non-native plants contributed substantially to garden plant diversity and evidence from some studies indicated benefits to other species linked to their functional attributes. Intensive management including frequent lawn mowing, fertiliser and pesticide application, and a more formal, ‘neater’ garden appearance were often associated with reduced biodiversity. However, results varied amongst studies, for example in relation to the impacts of mowing frequency on lawn diversity. There was a general paucity of experimental evidence on the impacts of different management regimes on garden biodiversity and few replicated experimental tests of recommended ‘wildlife-friendly practices’. Several studies identified the importance of connectivity amongst gardens and with other green infra-structure for species dispersal and ecosystem functioning. Emerging threats to garden biodiversity include their replacement by development, conversion to hard surfaces and declining plot sizes. Managing these challenges and maximising the biodiversity value of residential gardens requires greater engagement from policymakers and planners, and partnerships between public bodies and private households to co-ordinate local initiatives.
Genome composition in Brassica interspecific hybrids affects chromosome inheritance and viability of progeny
Authors: Katche Elvis , Katche Elizabeth Ihien , Vasquez-Teuber Paula , Idris Zurianti , Lo Yu-tzu , Nugent David , Zou Jun , Batley Jacqueline , Mason Annaliese S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterspecific hybridization is widespread in nature and can result in the formation of new hybrid species as well as the transfer of traits between species. However, the fate of newly formed hybrid lineages is relatively understudied. We undertook pairwise crossing between multiple genotypes of three Brassica allotetraploid species Brassica juncea (2n = AABB), Brassica carinata (2n = BBCC), and Brassica napus (2n = AACC) to generate AABC, BBAC, and CCAB interspecific hybrids and investigated chromosome inheritance and fertility in these hybrids and their self-pollinated progeny. Surprisingly, despite the presence of a complete diploid genome in all hybrids, hybrid fertility was very low. AABC and BBAC first generation (F1) hybrids both averaged ~16% pollen viability compared to 3.5% in CCAB hybrids: most CCAB hybrid flowers were male-sterile. AABC and CCAB F1 hybrid plants averaged 5.5 and 0.5 seeds per plant, respectively, and BBAC F1 hybrids ~56 seeds/plant. In the second generation (S1), all confirmed self-pollinated progeny resulting from CCAB hybrids were sterile, producing no self-pollinated seeds. Three AABC S1 hybrids putatively resulting from unreduced gametes produced 3, 14, and 182 seeds each, while other AABC S1 hybrids averaged 1.5 seeds/plant (0–8). BBAC S1 hybrids averaged 44 seeds/plant (range 0–403). We also observed strong bias towards retention rather than loss of the haploid genomes, suggesting that the subgenomes in the Brassica allotetraploids are already highly interdependent, such that loss of one subgenome is detrimental to fertility and viability. Our results suggest that relationships between subgenomes determine hybridization outcomes in these species.
Consent for Medical Treatment: What is ‘Reasonable’?
Authors: Sarela Abeezar Ismail 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe General Medical Council (GMC) instructs doctors to act ‘reasonably’ in obtaining consent from patients. However, the GMC does not explain what it means to be reasonable: it is left to doctors to figure out the substance of this instruction. The GMC relies on the Supreme Court’s judgment in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board; and it can be assumed that the judges’ idea of reasonability is adopted. The aim of this paper is to flesh out this idea of reasonability. This idea is commonly personified as the audience that has to be satisfied by the doctor’s justification for offering, or withholding, certain treatments and related information. In case law, this audience shifted from a reasonable doctor to a ‘reasonable person in the patient’s position’; and Montgomery expands the audience to include ‘particular’ patients, too. Senior judges have clarified that the reasonable person is a normative ideal, and not a sociological construct; but they do not set out the characteristics of this ideal. John Rawls has conceived the reasonable person-ideal as one that pursues fair terms of co-operation with other members of society. An alternative ideal can be inferred from the feminist ethic of care. However, the reasonable patient from Montgomery does not align with either theoretical ideal; but, instead, is an entirely rational being. Such a conception conflicts with both real-life constraints on rationality and the doctor’s duty to care for the patient, and it challenges the practice of medicine.
Conformational energies of reference organic molecules: benchmarking of common efficient computational methods against coupled cluster theory
Authors: Stylianakis Ioannis , Zervos Nikolaos , Lii Jenn-Huei , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Kolocouris Antonios 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe selected 145 reference organic molecules that include model fragments used in computer-aided drug design. We calculated 158 conformational energies and barriers using force fields, with wide applicability in commercial and free softwares and extensive application on the calculation of conformational energies of organic molecules, e.g. the UFF and DREIDING force fields, the Allinger’s force fields MM3-96, MM3-00, MM4-8, the MM2-91 clones MMX and MM+, the MMFF94 force field, MM4, ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) theory with different basis sets, the standard density functional theory B3LYP, the second-order post-HF MP2 theory and the Domain-based Local Pair Natural Orbital Coupled Cluster DLPNO-CCSD(T) theory, with the latter used for accurate reference values. The data set of the organic molecules includes hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, conjugated compounds, and oxygen-, nitrogen-, phosphorus- and sulphur-containing compounds. We reviewed in detail the conformational aspects of these model organic molecules providing the current understanding of the steric and electronic factors that determine the stability of low energy conformers and the literature including previous experimental observations and calculated findings. While progress on the computer hardware allows the calculations of thousands of conformations for later use in drug design projects, this study is an update from previous classical studies that used, as reference values, experimental ones using a variety of methods and different environments. The lowest mean error against the DLPNO-CCSD(T) reference was calculated for MP2 (0.35 kcal mol−1), followed by B3LYP (0.69 kcal mol−1) and the HF theories (0.81–1.0 kcal mol−1). As regards the force fields, the lowest errors were observed for the Allinger’s force fields MM3-00 (1.28 kcal mol−1), ΜΜ3-96 (1.40 kcal mol−1) and the Halgren’s MMFF94 force field (1.30 kcal mol−1) and then for the MM2-91 clones MMX (1.77 kcal mol−1) and MM+ (2.01 kcal mol−1) and MM4 (2.05 kcal mol−1). The DREIDING (3.63 kcal mol−1) and UFF (3.77 kcal mol−1) force fields have the lowest performance. These model organic molecules we used are often present as fragments in drug-like molecules. The values calculated using DLPNO-CCSD(T) make up a valuable data set for further comparisons and for improved force field parameterization.
Graphical abstract
Impact of a Father–Child, Community-Based Healthy Lifestyle Program: Qualitative Perspectives from the Family Unit
Authors: Ashton Lee M. , Young Myles D. , Pollock Emma R. , Barnes Alyce T. , Christensen Erin , Hansen Vibeke , Lloyd Adam , Morgan Philip J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids (HDHK) program was designed to help fathers with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 to lose weight and positively influence physical activity and dietary behaviors of their children. There is a need to better understand the broader impact of father-focused, healthy lifestyle programs from the perspectives of other family members. This qualitative study explored the impact of a HDHK by gathering insights from the family unit (fathers, mothers/partners and children). Fathers and children who participated in the HDHK dissemination trial from the Maitland local government area (New South Wales, Australia) (n = 33) and all mothers/partners of participating HDHK were invited to take part in this qualitative study. Eleven focus groups were undertaken with 25 fathers (41.9 ± 6.3 years, 32.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2), 15 mothers/partners’ (38.1 ± 6.6 years), and 41 children (51% male, 8.2 ± 2.1 years). Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed by an independent researcher using a standard general inductive approach to qualitative analysis with thematic analysis applied. Three key themes emerged, demonstrating several personal and family program impacts. These included a positive impact on: (i) the father-child relationship, (ii) new family habits (e.g., lifestyle changes within the family unit) and (iii) fathers’ involvement and parenting practices (e.g., increase in fathers’ household responsibilities). Improving the knowledge and skills of fathers and children through evidence-based strategies may be a useful approach to strengthen their relationship, enhance parenting strategies, and optimize health behaviors. Notably, findings showed the changes made by the fathers and children positively impacted the wider family unit.
Paleohydrological changes during the Late Holocene recorded in the sediments of two mountain lakes in the Tatra Mountains (Central Europe)
Authors: Gąsiorowski Michał , Sienkiewicz Elwira , Kowalewska Urszula , Kaucha Karolina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChanges in local hydrological and climatic conditions over the last 5500 years have been reconstructed based on geochemical and paleobiological features recorded in the sediments of two mountain lakes. The lakes are located in the Tatra Mountains, in the highest mountain range of the Carpathians (Central Europe), which during the Holocene constituted an important climatic barrier. Because both studied lakes are relatively shallow, even relatively minor fluctuations in water level are clearly recorded both in the geochemical characteristics of the sediments and in the phyto- and zooplankton communities. The multiproxy records indicate several periods of high water stands: 5.4–5.2 ka, 3.5–2.7 ka, 1.4–1.0 ka and 0.5–0 ka, and prominent dry periods 2.7–2.1 ka and 1.7–1.5 ka. Comparison of the reconstructed water levels of the Tatra lakes with records from other European regions suggests that at the boundary of the Middle and the Late Holocene, the hydrological conditions in the Tatras were similar to those in Western and Central Europe. Later, beginning approximately 3500 years ago, records from the Tatras, the northern surroundings of the Pannonian Basin, and the southern part of the Carpathians were unified. In addition to changes in local and regional hydrology, the records from the studied lakes allowed us to reconstruct changes in lake productivity. Relatively high δ13C values, compared to the sedimentary organic matter of other lakes in the region, point to in-lake primary production as a major source of sedimentary organic matter in both lakes. The stable C:N ratio values suggest a constant proportion of organic matter coming from in-lake primary production and transported from the lake catchment. However, the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen and, most of all, differences in the composition of stable C and N isotopes indicate changes in the lake environment. These changes were correlated with some paleotemperature proxies from the region.
Insights into volcanic hazards and plume chemistry from multi-parameter observations: the eruptions of Fimmvörðuháls and Eyjafjallajökull (2010) and Holuhraun (2014–2015)
Authors: Donovan Amy , Pfeffer Melissa , Barnie Talfan , Sawyer Georgina , Roberts Tjarda , Bergsson Baldur , Ilyinskaya Evgenia , Peters Nial , Buisman Iris , Snorrason Arní , Tsanev Vitchko , Oppenheimer Clive 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010 (including its initial effusive phase at Fimmvörðuháls and its later explosive phase from the central volcano) and Bárðarbunga volcano in 2014–2015 (at Holuhraun) were widely reported. Here, we report on complementary, interdisciplinary observations made of the eruptive gases and lavas that shed light on the processes and atmospheric impacts of the eruptions, and afford an intercomparison of contrasting eruptive styles and hazards. We find that (i) consistent with other authors, there are substantial differences in the gas composition between the eruptions; namely that the deeper stored Eyjafjallajökull magmas led to greater enrichment in Cl relative to S; (ii) lava field SO2 degassing was measured to be 5–20% of the total emissions during Holuhraun, and the lava emissions were enriched in Cl at both fissure eruptions—particularly Fimmvörðuháls; and (iii) BrO is produced in Icelandic plumes in spite of the low UV levels.
Beyond Buildings: Social Bargaining and Effective Access to Public Services
Authors: Bauhr Monika , Carlitz Ruth , Kovacikova Lucia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhysical access to public services frequently does not guarantee people’s needs will be met — what we term effective access. Such discrepancies result in part from social bargaining: the extent to which citizens can leverage connections with street-level service providers. Survey data from 34 African countries shows citizens with greater social bargaining capacity enjoy greater effective access, in contrast to citizens who pay bribes. Data from 70,000 households in Tanzania further demonstrates that parents with greater social bargaining capacity have more opportunities to interact with school officials — and that their children are more likely to achieve relevant learning outcomes.
Gender Differences in Commuting: New Evidence from Spain
Authors: Casado-Díaz José M. , Simón-Albert Raquel , Simón Hipólito 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article examines the origins of the shorter commutes typically observed for women, a phenomenon that contributes to the poorer work outcomes they typically suffer. The analysis extends previous research on the gender gap in commuting by using econometric decomposition techniques that are novel in this field which, combined with a Spanish nationally representative survey that allows for an exhaustive control of the different elements identified in the literature as possible determinants of gender differences in commuting to work, allows quantifying the specific influence of a wide range of individual, family, territorial and work-related elements. The evidence obtained shows that the gender gap in commuting is not the result of the relative characteristics of women, but of the presence of a systematic pattern of lower mobility that emerges when women are compared with observationally similar men. Yet, this pattern of lower mobility is not observed for certain groups of women whose behavior in the labor market is generally more egalitarian, such as women with higher education, without family responsibilities or without a partner, which is consistent with the presence of cultural or social constraints that tend to limit women’s mobility.
Contaminants of emerging concern in urine: a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers
Authors: Tkalec Žiga , Runkel Agneta Annika , Kosjek Tina , Horvat Milena , Heath Ester 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.