bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of Esculetin inhibiting Infectious Bronchitis Virus replication by Regulating Infectious Bronchitis Virus-induced expression of β-interferon and related cytokines
Authors: He Jiongjie , He Fenyi , Guo Huilin , Yang Feng , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis virus could negatively regulate interferon pathway.Esculetinas the active ingredient inFraxini Cortexhas the effect of inhibiting infectious bronchitis, but its therapeutic mechanism is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate molecular mechanism of the inhibition of IBV replication byEsculetin. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory effect ofEsculetinon IBV proliferation. Real time PCR was used to detect the changes of IBV genomic vector in trachea, lung, intestine, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of the embryo body before and after usingEsculetin.Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the copy number of IBV genome and the effect of IBV on the expression level of related cytokines in the β-interferon signaling pathway before and after treatment withEsculetin. The results suggest thatEsculetinhad a significant inhibitory effect on IBV replication. 10mg/mlEsculetinhad the weakest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the weakest toxicity. IBV could be detected in all tissues and organs of the embryo body, and the highest virus content was found in lung and trachea tissues .Esculetincan promote the expression of important cytokines in IBV-induced host cell β-interferon signaling pathway and reduce the inhibitory of the expression of MDA5, IFN-β and Mx in the early stage of IBV infection effect, regulate the antagonism of IBV against host cell β-interferon signaling pathway. This study shows thatEsculetincan promote the natural immunity of host cells to achieve antiviral effect. It provided a theoretical basis for theEsculetinto be used as a therapeutic drug for IBV.
Identification of Specific Genes for Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell of Lung Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Alipour Marzyeh , Moghanibashi Mehdi , Naeimi Sirous 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are two of the most lethal and aggressive pathological subtypes of lung cancer. However, in the early stages of disease, their biomarkers are scarce and can be difficult to detect. The main aim of this bioinformatics-based study was to give a general idea about the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma early detection relevant biomarkers.
Methods: To identify candidate specific and shared genes involved in occurrence of the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, we downloaded 6 microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Database and combined with the expression matrix of LUSC and LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas data, which were analyzed by GEO2R tool and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, respectively. Functional and enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the DAVID database. A protein– protein interaction network was constructed by STRING and visualized in cytoscape software. Survival analysis of hub genes was performed using GEPIA2 and DNA methylation level of the hub genes were analyses through UALCAN.
Results: We achieved, three LUAD specific genes including GCNT3, SPDEF and AGR2, three LUSC specific genes including KRT6B, SPRR1B and KRT14and three LUAD-LUSC common genes including SSP1, MMP9 and COL1A1. These identified hub genes, were strongly correlated with LUAD and LUSC patients survival.
Conclusion: These results provide compelling evidence that our findings could be potential biomarkers for early detection of Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, additional characterization is warranted.
Microbiome dynamics in resistant and susceptible colonies throughout thermal bleaching and recovery support host specificity, phenotypic variability, but common microbial consortia modulating stress responses in different coral species in Hawai’i
Authors: Núñez-Pons Laura , Cunning Ross , Nelson Craig , Amend Anthony , Sogin Emilia M. , Gates Ruth , Ritson-Williams Raphael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background Historically, Hawai’i has had few massive coral bleaching events, until two consecutive heatwaves elevated seawater temperatures in 2014 and 2015. Consequent mortality and thermal stress were observed in the reef systems of Kane’ohe Bay (O’ahu). Two of the dominant species exhibited a phenotypic dichotomy of either bleaching resistance or susceptibility (Montipora capitataandPorites compressa), while a third species (Pocillopora acuta) was broadly susceptible to bleaching. In order to survey temporal shifts in the coral microbiomes during bleaching and recovery in all three of these coral species, 50 colonies were tagged and periodically monitored. Metabarcoding of three genetic markers (16S rRNA gene ITS1 and ITS2) followed by compositional approaches for community structure analysis, differential abundance and correlations for longitudinal data were used to temporally track and compare Bacteria/Archaea, Fungi and Symbiodiniaceae dynamics of the tagged colonies. Results Bleaching susceptibleP. compressacorals recovered faster thanP. acutaandMontipora capitata. Prokaryotic and algal microbiomes were majorly shaped by host species, and had no apparent pattern of temporal acclimatization in the overall community structure. Symbiodiniaceae signatures were identified at the colony scale, and were at times related to bleaching susceptibility, revealing higher intraspecific resolution than previously reported. Bacterial compositions were practically constant between bleaching phenotypes, and more diverse inP. acutaandM. capitata.P. compressa’s prokaryotic community was dominated by a single symbiotic bacterium. Fungal associates remained unexplored due to untargeted DNA co-amplification. Compositional approaches (via microbial balances) allowed the identification of fine-scale differences in the abundance of a consortium of microbes, driving changes by bleaching susceptibility and time across all hosts. Conclusions The three major coral reef founders in Kane’ohe Bay revealed different physiological and microbiome responses after 2014–2015 heatwaves. It is difficult to forecast though, a more successful strategy towards future scenarios of global warming. Differentially abundant microbial taxa across time and/or bleaching susceptibility were broadly shared between all hosts, suggesting that locally, the same microbes may modulate stress responses in sympatric coral species. Our study highlights the potential of investigating microbial balances to identify fine-scale microbiome changes, serving as local diagnostic tools of coral reef fitness.
Effects of Crosswind on the Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms
Authors: Daocharoenporn Siripong , Mongkolwongrojn Mongkol 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, a multibody system (MBS) computational framework is developed to determine the exact location of the contact point and wear prediction resulting from the pantograph–catenary interaction. The railroad vehicle models in the MBS computational framework comprise rigid-body railroad vehicles, rigid-body pantograph systems, and flexible catenary systems. To avoid the incremental rotation and cosimulation processes, the nonlinear finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used to model a flexible catenary system in the MBS computational framework and to integrate the rigid-body railroad vehicle and the pantograph and flexible catenary systems into the MBS algorithms. The pantograph–catenary interaction is modeled using an elastic contact formulation developed to include the effect of pantograph–catenary separation and sliding contact. The proposed MBS approach evaluates the location of the contact point, contact force, and normal wear rate (NWR) from the mechanical and electrical contributions. In particular, this investigation considers the vibration caused by a crosswind scenario, the numerical result in the case of a steady crosswind scenario, which contains the advantage of the pantograph–catenary aerodynamic design, and the vibration of the catenary system remains significantly after the excitation of steady crosswind. In the case of steady crosswind, the higher value of the steady crosswind effect significantly increases the mean contact force and NWR from the mechanical contribution. After crosswind load disturbances, the mean contact force decreases but the standard deviation of the contact force increases. Therefore, the NWR from the electrical contribution increases significantly. However, the total NWR increases with the crosswind velocity.
CTRP9 prevents atherosclerosis progression through changing autophagic status of macrophages by activating USP22 mediated-de- ubiquitination on Sirt1
Authors: Zeng Min , Wei Xin , Wang Ziyan , Zhao Xiuyang , Zhu Dianshu , Wang Mengdi , Chen Yue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:Atherosclerosis (AS) is commonly regarded as a key driver accounted for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A growing body evidence indicates that autophagy in macrophages involved in AS might be a potential therapeutic target. C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) has been proved to delay the progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relations among CTRP9 and Sirt1 either with its effects on macrophages autophagy has not been fully explored.Methods:Macrophages were differentiated from the mononuclear cells collected from the peripheral blood samples of healthy donors. Thein vitroAS model were constructed by ox-LDL treatment. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Immunofluorescence assay of LC3 was implemented for evaluating autophagy activity. Oil Red O staining was performed for lipid accumulation detection. ELISA, cholesterol concentration assay and cholesterol efflux analysis was conducted using commercial kit. Cycloheximide assay was implemented for revealing protein stability. RT-qPCR was used for mRNA expression detection, and western blotting was performed for protein level monitoring.Results:CTRP9 attenuated impaired cell viability, autophagy inhibition and increased lipid accumulation induced by ox-LDL. Moreover, CTRP9 maintained Sirt1 protein level through enhancing its stability by de-ubiquitination, which was mediated by upregulated USP22 level. CRTP9 exerted its protective role in promoting autophagy and reducing lipid accumulation through USP22/Sirt1 axis.Conclusion:Collectively, CTRP9 alleviates lipid accumulation and facilitated the macrophages autophagy through upregulating USP22 level and maintaining Sirt1 protein expression, thereby exerting a protective role in AS progression.
Nebulized pH-Responsive Nanospray Combined with Pentoxifylline and Edaravone to Lungs for Efficient Treatments of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Li Ruihao , Hu Xiaochun , Li Wenhui , Wu Wenjing , Xu Jin , Lin Yun , Shi Shuo , Dong Chunyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has become an unprecedented global medical emergency, resulting in millions of people being infected with the COVID-19 virus and more than 5 million deaths. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 is the most common serious complication leading to death. However, no treatment has been proved successful in treating ARDS apart from the low tidal volume mechanical ventilation. Herein, we have constructed a novel nanospray with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity by loading Pentoxifylline (PTX) and Edaravone (Eda) on ZIF-8. This nanospray was endowed with synergetic therapy ability, which could kill two birds with one stone: the loaded PTX played a powerful anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory cells and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, meanwhile, Eda was responsible for free radical scavenger in ARDS. Results These data showed ZIF8-EP protected RAW264.7 cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by removing excessive ROS in cells. In the mice model of LPS-induced ARDS, ZIF8-EP nanospray appreciably inhibited the inflammatory response and weakened the oxidative stress, and efficiently controlled the damage of ARDS to lung tissue. Subsequently, WB, IHC, RT-qPCR and Elisa experiments verified the main mechanism of ZIF8-EP nanospray inhibiting ARDS inflammation. Conclusion Taken together, compared with free PTX and Eda the nanospray was proved to have excellent therapeutic effect on ARDS in vitro and in vivo without hematotoxicity and systemic toxicity.
Hardware Infection in Fixation of Maxillofacial Region a Case Series
Authors: S Harivighnesh , Bhanumurthy Lokesh , Balasubramanian Anandh , Nathanael Israel , P Pandiyarajan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Internal fixation has consistently produced the best outcomes in managing maxillofacial trauma. Mini plates are typically made of stainless steel or titanium. Quick stabilisation and pain-free mastication are the main benefits of internal fixation. Titanium mini plates have surpassed other modalities in popularity in recent years. Microvascular-free tissue bone grafts for surgical site reconstruction have grown in popularity. For patients with mandibular defects, the use of osseocutaneous or osseomyogeneous free flaps, as well as improvements in instrumentation like locking screw technology and low-profile plates, have significantly improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. Despite these improvements, hardware-related complications still pose a severe problem, with 15% of patients reporting such issues. In this review article, we will be presenting a case series and literature review of hardware infection in maxillofacial fixation.
A Width Multi-Scale Adversarial Domain Adaptation Residual Network with AConvolutional Block Attention Module
Authors: Yin Hongshen , Sun Li , Yu Xiao , Liu Xiaowen , Yu Wanli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have attracted widespread attention in the academic field in recent years, such methods still face many challenges, including complex and variable working conditions, insufficient ability to extract key features, and large differences in sample data. To address these problems, a width multi-scale adversarial domain adaptation residual network with a convolutional block attention module (WMSRCIDANN) is proposed in this paper, which consists of a feature extraction network, a domain discriminant network, and a label classification network. In the feature extraction network, an improved width multi-scale residual network combined with a convolutional block attention module (WMSRC) is used as the feature extractor to achieve a weighted fusion of multi-depth features.In the domain discriminative network, the fully-connected network is replaced by a four-layer convolutional structure, which can further reduce the difference in feature distribution and improve the cross-domain invariance of deep features. In the label classification network, the classifier uses the extracted domain-invariant features to perform cross-domain fault identification. The experimental results show that WMSRCIDANN is effective in cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis.
Assessment of knowledge, awareness and disposal practices of unused and expired household medicines in the Parker Corner Road Community in Liberia
Authors: Orok Edidiong , Erah Patrick , Toe Jerry 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Expansion of pharmaceutical industries and improved availability of pharmaceuticals across the world have contributed to an increase in drug usage and accumulation in homes. In Liberia, there are currently no guidelines that govern the disposal of expired and unused prescriptions among community residents. The objective of the study was to assess the level of awareness, and knowledge on disposal as well as disposal practices of unused and expired household medicines in the Parker Corner Road Community in Brewerville, Liberia.
Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional survey conducted among residents of Parker Corner Road Community, face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Outcomes measured were knowledge and awareness of disposal as well as disposal practices of unused and expired household medicines. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Majority of respondents (55.6%) were female and 23.5% had university education. 71% of the respondents reported that they had not received any information on safe disposal practices while 64.2% admitted that they often did not read and follow and disposal instructions. The most popular disposal practices were disposal of the drugs along with household waste (61.1%) and flushing them down the toilets or sinks (25.3%). Majority of the respondents (82.1%) were aware of the environmental and human health effects arising from improper disposal of unused and expired medicines while 64.2% usually read medicine disposal instruction on the package. Only about 3% of them were aware of expired medication take-back system. 37% of respondents were aware that unused and expired medicines need to be disposed of safely while as much as 33.3 % knew nothing about medication expiration date.
Conclusion: The study revealed poor knowledge and awareness as well as inappropriate disposal practices of unused and expired medicines amongst residents of Parker Corner Road Community in Brewerville. There is need to organize a public enlightenment programme on safe, appropriate use, as well as disposal of unused and expired medicines.
Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) With Synthetic/Designer Unnatural Nucleoside Analogues: An In Silico Study
Authors: Bag Subhendu Sekhar , Sinha Sayantan , Dutta Soumya , Baishya Hirak Jyoti , Paul Suravi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, it developed into a pandemic affecting all the countries and millions of people around the globe. Till now there is no medicine available to contain the spread of the virus. As an aid to drug discovery, the molecular docking and molecular dynamic tools were applied extensively. In-silico studies made it possible for rapid screening of potential molecules as possible inhibitors/drugs against the targeted proteins. As a continuation of our drug discovery research, we have carried out molecular docking studies of our 12 reported unnatural nucleosides and 14 designer avigan analogs with SARS-CoV-2, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which we want to report herein. The same calculation was also carried out, taking 11 known/under trail/commercial nucleoside drug molecules for a comparison of the binding interactions in the catalytic site of RdRp. The docking results and binding efficiencies of our reported nucleosides and designer nucleosidic were compared with the binding energy of commercially available drugs such as Remdesevir and Favipiravir. Further we evaluated the protein-drug binding efficiency and stability of the best docked molecules by Molecular Dynamic studies. From our study, we have found that few of our proposed drugs show promising binding efficiency at the catalytic pocket of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and can be a promising RdRp inhibitor drug candidate. Hence, this study will be of importance to make progress towards developing successful nucleoside-based drugs and conduct the antiviral test in the wet lab to understand their efficacy against COVID-19.
About a Fusion Reactor for the Replacement of Fossil Fuels
Authors: Mazzucato E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Since a fusion reactor using the Deuterium-Tritium fuel cycle, like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), cannot be a source of clean energy because of the deleterious effects of energetic neutrons carrying 80% of the energy output, and it is very doubtful that it will be able to achieve Tritium self-sufficiency because of an extremely problematic and still unproven breeding procedure, this paper proposes a new reactor scheme capable of confining hot and dense plasmas using the Deuterium – Helium-3 fuel cycle. Such a reactor must be considered a source of clean energy because of its small level of neutrons production, and its fuel is available in large quantity since we can get the needed Deuterium from seawater and likewise Helium-3 from the moon, as it was found from the samples of lunar soil brought back by the astronauts of the Apollo Mission. The proposed reactor consists of two 100 meters long cylindrical plasmas, connected by semicircular sections to form a racetrack configuration. It should be capable of producing from 16 to 20 GW of fusion power when operating with an electron density of 3x1020 m-3, a magnetic field of 10 T and temperatures from 40 to 45 keV. Out of this power, up to 10 GW will be used for replacing the loss of electron energy from bremsstrahlung radiation, with a consequent reduction in the reactor power output. However, such a loss could be mitigated by a partial recovery of the bremsstrahlung radiation.
Histomorphological Patterns and Helicobacter Pylori status of Gastric tissue biopsy by Giemsa histochemical stain at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza Tanzania
Authors: Ottoman Oscar , Shayo Mary , Elias Edrick , Bhuko Jeffer , Jaka Hyasinta , Reuben Ester 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background information: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the major public health problems worldwide, affecting more than 50% of the world’s population. In Tanzania, more than 50% of the population is infected by the H.pylori. Identification of its infection is essential for its eradication. There is no specific method for detection of H. Pylori in gastric tissue biopsy at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) rather than the routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain which has lower detection rate of 11.2%.
Objective: To determine the histomorphological patterns and H. pylori status of gastric tissue biopsy by Giemsa stain at BMC.
Methodology: This was retrospective cross-sectional study involves 300 gastric tissue blocks from January 2020 to January 2022 archived in histopathology laboratory at BMC. Gastric tissue blocks were sectioned, stained by H&E and Giemsa for histomorphological diagnosis and H. pylori status.
Results:A 300 gastric biopsies were identified, of which 53.75% were males and 46.3% were females. Majority of participants were 40 years and above 202(67.3%), most diagnosed with chronic gastritis 131 (43.7%), followed by gastric adenocarcinoma 115(38.3%), those aged bellow 20 years were only 24(8%). Males were predominantly diagnosed with Gastric adenocarcinoma (35.4%) and Gastric ulcers (4.9%) while majority of females had chronic gastritis (43.2%). by Giemsa stain, H .pylori was detected in only 106(35.3%). The association between H. pylori status with chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric polyps, gastric ulcers and gastric perforation were statistically significance (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: By the use of Giemsa stain, H. pyloriwas detected in about one third of gastric tissue biopsy. Most of gastric tissue biopsy with H. pyloriinfection were those with chronic gastritis. H pylori infection was associated with chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric ulcers, and gastric perforation. More studies focus on molecular pathogenesis of H.pylori on cause of various cancer disease like adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma is recommended in Mwanza, Tanzania.