bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance and Degradable All‐Paper‐Based Pressure Sensor from Conductive Polymer
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Xie Peng , Song Yilin , Huang Shenming , Zhou Kui , Ding Guanglong , Chen Xue , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCellulose paper has emerged as an ideal sensing element for wearable pressure sensors owing to its inherent flexibility, high porosity, and light weight. However, traditional paper‐based pressure sensors use metal‐based materials as electrodes, which significantly limits the unique advantages of paper, particularly in terms of degradability. In this study, a degradable pressure sensor is designed by combining the highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) Xuan paper electrode with a low‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS tissue paper sensitive layer. Notably, Xuan paper, also called rice paper, has been a prominent substrate owing to its softness and good durability. By introducing a perforated structure in the sensitive layer, a novel sensing mechanism, conductivity conversion under pressure, is realized to improve the sensitivity. The obtained sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (13.9 kPa−1 at < 8.3 kPa, 151 kPa−1 at 8.3–20.8 kPa), ensuring that it can precisely monitor the full‐range human activities. Additionally, as the sensor does not rely on metal materials, it can degrade in water or fire without causing any negative environmental impacts. These findings establish a new approach to producing highly sensitive degradable sensors, which hold significant potential for application in green electronics, paper‐based sensing matrices, new prosthetics, and other fields.
Concurrent Characterization of Surface Diffusion and Intermixing of Ge on Si: A Classical Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Martín‐Encinar Luis , Marqués Luis Alberto , Santos Iván , López Pedro , Pelaz Lourdes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe surface diffusion and intermixing of Ge ad‐atoms over Si (001) 2 × 1 substrates using classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations are characterized here. Several interatomic potentials, parametrizations, and parameter mixing rules are contemplated. A novel simulation scheme is devised to characterize the effective frequency of surface diffusion and intermixing events overcoming the inherent difficulties related to their interdependency in heteroepitaxial systems. The effective energy barriers of these events encompass different atomistic mechanisms weighted by their occurrence probabilities. The overall description of surface diffusion and intermixing based on Stillinger–Weber (SW) potential is in agreement with ab initio calculations and experimental observations, though some atomistic details differ. This study is extended to Si(001) substrates with stressed Ge monolayers grown on top. It is found that Ge ad‐atom dynamics is accelerated with respect to the case of the pure Si substrate and that diffusion across dimer rows is mainly mediated by the atomic exchange of the Ge ad‐atom with a Ge atom on the surface.
Evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of test weight instruments for soybean (Glycine max L.) research
Authors: Fett Robert , Gillen Anne M. , Read Quentin D. , Patel Sejal , Koebernick Jenny 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe United States official soybean (Glycine max L.) test weight (TW) is 75.7 kg hL−1 (60 lb bu−1). This standard is used to convert the weight of a load of soybean into bushels. Typically, when TW falls below 68.4 kg hL−1, (54 lb bu−1), growers may receive discounted payments. In recent years, the average TW of soybean appears to have declined in certain regions. There is currently no literature on the relative merits of common instruments used to measure TW. Therefore, we compared three instruments: a Mini GAC Plus, a Perten Aquamatic 5200, and a volumetric instrument, for accuracy and speed of sample processing in a lab setting. The TW of 517 plots generated from 11 soybean field trials grown in Tallassee, Alabama, over 2 years was measured to compare the performance of these instruments. The median value per instrument was used to determine variation and bias among the machines, and the speed of processing 100 samples was used as a measure of efficiency. For accuracy, the Perten had better agreement with the volumetric than the GAC and contained less bias compared to the GAC. All three TW instruments differed significantly from each other in processing speed. The volumetric instrument had the fastest processing speed, but its utility was limited due to a lack of moisture measurement. Otherwise, the Perten Aquamatic 5200 is more efficient. Future experiments should examine seed quality parameters and how they may influence the measurements of samples.
Usefulness of the cachexia index as a prognostic indicator for patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Haruki Koichiro , Kamada Teppei , Takahashi Junji , Nakaseko Yuichi , Ohdaira Hironori , Furukawa Kenei , Suzuki Yutaka , Ikegami Toru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimCachexia is associated with the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. The cachexia index (CXI) is a novel biomarker of cachexia associated with the prognosis for certain cancers. This study analyzed the relationship between CXI with long‐term outcomes of gastric cancer patients.MethodsWe included 175 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at our hospital between January 2011 and October 2019. The CXI was calculated using skeletal muscle index, serum albumin level, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. The prognostic value of CXI was investigated by univariate and multivariate Cox hazard regression models adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsIn the multivariate analyses, tumor location (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.49; p < 0.01), disease stage (HR, 15.4; 95% CI, 4.18–56.1; p < 0.01), and low CXI (HR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.01–8.15; p = 0.03) were independent and significant predictors of disease‐free survival. Disease stage (HR, 9.88; 95% CI, 3.53–29.1; p < 0.01) and low CXI (HR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.35–12.3; p < 0.01) were independent and significant predictors of overall survival. The low CXI group had a lower body mass index (p = 0.02), advanced disease stage (p = 0.034), and a lower prognostic nutritional index (p < 0.01).ConclusionsCachexia index is associated with a poor prognosis for gastric cancer, suggesting the utility of comprehensive assessment using nutritional, physical, and inflammatory status.
Restructuring and Activation of Cu(111) under Electrocatalytic Reduction Conditions
Authors: Cheng Dongfang , Wei Ziyang , Zhang Zisheng , Broekmann Peter , Alexandrova Anastassia N. , Sautet Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe dynamic restructuring of Cu surfaces in electroreduction conditions is of fundamental interest in electrocatalysis. We decode the structural dynamics of a Cu(111) electrode under reduction conditions by joint first‐principles calculations and operando electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) experiments. Combining global optimization and grand canonical density functional theory, we unravel the potential‐ and pH‐dependent restructuring of Cu(111) in acidic electrolyte. At reductive potential, Cu(111) is covered by a high density of H atoms and, below a threshold potential, Cu adatoms are formed on the surface in a (4×4) superstructure, a restructuring unfavorable in vacuum. The strong H adsorption is the driving force for the restructuring, itself induced by the electrode potential. On the restructured surface, barriers for hydrogen evolution reaction steps are low. Restructuring in electroreduction conditions creates highly active Cu adatom sites not present on Cu(111).
Reversibly Modulating Plasmon‐mediated Chemical Reaction via Electrode Potential on Reliable Copper Nanoelectrode
Authors: Ghimire Govinda , Guo Jing , Halmagian Robert , He Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlasmonic metal nanostructures are essential for plasmon‐mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs) and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The nanostructures are commonly made from the coinage metals gold and silver. Copper (Cu) is less used mainly due to the difficulties in fabricating stable nanostructures. However, Cu is an attractive option with its strong plasmonic properties, high catalytic activities, and relatively cheap price. Herein, we fabricated tunable, reliable, and efficient Cu nanoelectrodes (CuNEs). Using time‐resolved electrochemical SERS, we have comprehensively studied the reversible chemical transformations between aromatic amine and nitro groups modified on the CuNE surface. Their PMCRs are well‐controlled by changing the surface roughness, the oxidation states of Cu, and the applied electrode potential. We thus demonstrate that the Cu nanostructures enable better investigations in the interplays between PMCR, electrochemistry, and Cu catalysis.
High‐frequency pingers do not increase catch loss owing to seals in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Carlén Ida , Cosentino Mel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population is listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN, and only a few hundred animals remain. One of the most serious threats to this population is bycatch in static net fisheries. To minimize bycatch, ICES has proposed that acoustic deterrent devices, pingers, should be used on static nets within the population’s range.
However, there have previously been indications that grey seals learn to associate the pinger sounds with the presence of nets with easily accessible prey, and that pinger use therefore can increase the risk of seal depredation in static net fisheries.
In recent years, pingers operating at higher frequencies have been made commercially available, the idea being that harbour porpoises will still be able to hear the sound at 50–120 kHz while this will be above or at the limit of seal hearing. This would mean that such high‐frequency pingers would not induce this so‐called dinner‐bell effect.
In this study, data were collected from active commercial static net fisheries in the Baltic Proper, using two types of high‐frequency pingers operating at 50–120 and 70 kHz, respectively. Pingers were attached to nets in accordance with manufacturers’ guidelines, and fishers were asked to estimate the catch loss owing to seals in nets with and without pingers.
Data were received from 646 deployments made between May 2019 and September 2020. Four generalized mixed effect models were developed with relevant variables.
The results suggest using high‐frequency pingers does not increase seal depredation on static nets. It is concluded that pingers could be used as an interim measure to minimize bycatch of the Critically Endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population.
Dose‐related cardiac outcomes in response to postnatal dexamethasone treatment in premature lambs
Authors: Vrselja Amanda , Pillow Jennifer Jane , Bensley Jonathan G. , Ahmadi‐Noorbakhsh Siavash , Noble Peter B. , Black Mary Jane 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostnatal corticosteroids are used in the critical care of preterm infants for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We aimed to investigate the effects of early postnatal dexamethasone therapy and dose on cardiac maturation and morphology in preterm lambs.MethodsLambs were delivered prematurely at ~128 days of gestational age and managed postnatally according to best clinical practice. Preterm lambs were administered dexamethasone daily at either a low‐dose (n = 9) or a high‐dose (n = 7), or were naïve to steroid treatment and administered saline (n = 9), over a 7‐day time‐course. Hearts were studied at postnatal Day 7 for gene expression and assessment of myocardial structure.ResultsHigh‐dose dexamethasone treatment in the early postnatal period led to marked differences in cardiac gene expression, altered cardiomyocyte maturation and reduced cardiomyocyte endowment in the right ventricle, as well as increased inflammatory infiltrates into the left ventricle. Low‐dose exposure had minimal effects on the preterm heart.ConclusionNeonatal dexamethasone treatment led to adverse effects in the preterm heart in a dose‐dependent manner within the first week of life. The observed cardiac changes associated with high‐dose postnatal dexamethasone treatment may influence postnatal growth and remodeling of the preterm heart and subsequent long‐term cardiac function.
Map of 20 reactions that take place during vapor–solid phase photocatalytic dehydrogenation of ethanol on metal‐loaded TiO2
Authors: Koirala Agni Raj , Thanh Nguyen Huu , Shaariikhuu Erdenechimeg , Nguyen Thi Xuyen , Hossain Muhammad Sarwar , Yoon Kyung Byung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report the map of 20 reactions that take place during vapor‐phase photochemical dehydrogenation of ethanol on four metal‐doped TiO2 (Mn/TiO2, Mn = nanoparticles of Pd, Pt, Au, and Cu) under solar simulated light. The reactions are sensitively affected by the moisture amount and the nature of the carrier gas. To construct the above map, we also used CH3CHO, CH3CO2H, (C2H5O)2CHCH3, and CH3CO2C2H5, respectively, as an independent starting reagent. Amazingly, Mn/TiO2 not only serves as photocatalysts but also as thermocatalysts for various reactions that appear in the above map. The reaction is proposed to proceed by a radical mechanism in which photoinduced electron transfer from the valence band to the conduction band of TiO2 is the initial step and the subsequent electron injection from organic reactants to the hole in the TiO2 valence band. This report also features highly valuable unprecedented reactions, which bear great potential to be commercialized.
Probing emergence of biomolecular coronas around drug‐loaded liposomal nanoparticles in the solution by using nanoparticle tracking analysis
Authors: Jeong Ji Yeon , Joung Heeju , Jang Gwi Ju , Han Sang Yun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious state‐of‐art analytical methods have played a critical role in understanding the nature of protein coronas. In most cases, the analyses require the biomolecule‐coated engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to be isolated from the biological environment by energetic processes. This only allows investigation of so‐called “hard” coronas, which are biomolecules tightly bound to the surfaces of ENMs. We examined fluorescence‐nanoparticle tracking analysis (F‐NTA) as a suitable method to study the formation of natural biomolecular coronas in solution, that is, without separation. The formation of coronas of high‐density lipoprotein, immunoglobulin G, and human serum albumin, and also that of the blood serum around fluorescently labeled PEGylated doxorubicin‐loaded liposomes were investigated in terms of the changes in hydrodynamic size as a function of concentration, incubation time, and PEGylation density of liposomes. From the results, this study successfully demonstrates that NTA in the fluorescence mode is indeed suitable to probing intact biomolecular coronas in the native environment.
SPOC online video learning clustering analysis: Identifying learners' group behavior characteristics
Authors: Li Fei , Lu Yang , Ma Qiang , Gao Juntao , Wang Zhibao , Bai Lu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the widespread ofSmall Private Online Courses(SPOC) in colleges and universities, course organizers who provide high‐quality personalized course activities need to understand learners' learning status and characteristics, and then optimize the course teaching. However, little research has been done on different learners' group behavior characteristics, such as which indicators can reflect learner groups' behavior, and what are the typical behavior characteristics of different learner groups. In this work, we established aPython Language Foundationself‐built SPOC course, and 109 undergraduates' learning behavior data were collected and analyzed. From 74‐dimensional behavior log data consisting of 72 video‐viewing, course video score, and comprehensive score, Principal Component Analysis was performed to reduce dimensionality. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was used to divide learners into different categories, and the results showed that 15 groups are clustered. According to the analysis of the four indicators for group characteristics, which are the completion and viewing‐stability of task‐point videos, unit test excellence, and comprehensive score, it is identified into five primary types, including positive type, regular type, negative type, semi‐negative type, and a fluctuation type. Experiments conducted on a real data set across different academic years and courses show that the proposed approach has better clustering accuracy and practicability. It is expected that this work may be used to strengthen the personalized learning support services system in educational institutions and develop a tool that integrates exploration and analysis work onto the web platform.
Protein Ligation‐Assisted Reconstitution of Split HRP Fragments for Facile Production of HRP Fusion Proteins in E. coli
Authors: Heo Seungnyeong , Baek Jonghwi , Bae Juhyun , Seo Bo Am , Kim Seongjun , Jeong Subin , Kim Suhyun , Ryu Yiseul , Lee Joong‐jae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) is a pivotal biocatalyst for biosensor development and fine chemical synthesis. HRP proteins are mostly extracted and purified from the roots of horseradish because the solubility and productivity of recombinant HRP in bacteria are significantly low. In this study, we investigate the reconstitution system of split HRP fragments to improve its soluble expression levels in E. coli allowing the cost‐effective production of bioactive HRPs. To promote the effective association between two HRP fragments (HRPn and HRPc), we exploit SpyTag‐SpyCatcher chemistry, a versatile protein coupling method with high affinity and selectivity. Each HRP fragment was genetically fused with SpyTag and SpyCatcher, respectively, exhibiting soluble expression in the E. coli cytoplasm. The engineered split HRPs were effectively and irreversibly reconstituted into a biologically active and stable assembly that can catalyze intrinsic enzymatic reactions. Compared to the chaperone co‐expression system, our approach shows that the production yield of soluble HRP is comparable, but the purity of the final product is relatively high. Therefore, our results can be applied to the high‐yield production of recombinant HRP variants and other difficult‐to‐express proteins in bacteria without complex downstream processes.
Association between sex and long‐term outcomes of endovascular treatment for peripheral artery disease
Authors: Ramkumar Niveditta , Suckow Bjoern D. , Behrendt Christian‐Alexander , Mackenzie Todd A. , Sedrakyan Art , Brown Jeremiah R. , Goodney Philip P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary revascularization technique used for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Yet, there is limited understanding of long‐term outcomes of PVI among women versus men. In this study, our objective was to investigate sex differences in the long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing PVI.MethodsWe performed a cohort study of patients undergoing PVI for PAD from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015 using data in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry. Patients were linked to fee‐for‐service Medicare claims to identify late outcomes including major amputation, reintervention, major adverse limb event (major amputation or reintervention [MALE]), and mortality. Sex differences in outcomes were evaluated using cumulative incidence curves, Gray's test, and mixed effects Cox proportional hazards regression accounting for patient and lesion characteristics using inverse probability weighted estimates.ResultsIn this cohort of 15,437 patients, 44% (n = 6731) were women. Women were less likely to present with claudication than men (45% vs. 49%, p < 0.001, absolute standardized difference, d = 0.08) or be able to ambulate independently (ambulatory: 70% vs. 76%, p < 0.001, d = 0.14). There were no major sex differences in lesion characteristics, except for an increased frequency of tibial artery treatment in men (23% vs. 18% in women, p < 0.001, d = 0.12). Among patients with claudication, women had a higher risk‐adjusted rate of major amputation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.49), but a lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75–0.99). There were no sex differences in reintervention or MALE for patients with claudication. However, among patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, women had a lower risk‐adjusted hazard of major amputation (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.93), MALE (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96), and mortality (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79–0.94).ConclusionThere is significant heterogeneity in PVI outcomes among men and women, especially after stratifying by symptom severity. A lower overall mortality in women with claudication was accompanied by a higher risk of major amputation. Men with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia had a higher risk of major amputation, MALE, and mortality. Developing sex‐specific approaches to PVI that prioritizes limb outcomes in women can improve the quality of vascular care for men and women.
What is the role of drug‐coated balloons in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention?
Authors: Allana Salman S. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: March 2023

Key Points
Placement of drug eluting stents after successful lesion crossing is the current standard of care in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention.
A drug‐coated balloon only strategy may be feasible in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention, especially with intraplaque crossing.
More studies are needed on when and how to use drug‐coated balloons in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention.
Effectiveness of the vacuum assisted aspiration AngioVac system in the removal of intravascular masses
Authors: Nickell Austin , Sergev Orlin , Alberto Neville , Bande Dinesh , Guerrero Dubert M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInvasive procedures used to manage intravascular masses such as vegetation from endocarditis, deep vein thrombosis, and septic emboli are associated with high rates of complications and mortality, especially in patients with several pre‐existing comorbidities. A minimally invasive technique that has become more popular in recent years is the AngioVac procedure. This single‐centered, retrospective study focuses on patient presenting comorbidities and indications for the procedure as well as postprocedural outcomes.MethodsA total of 33 patients who underwent an AngioVac procedure at Sanford Health between March 2014 and October 2019 was reviewed. Data were collected on pre‐existing comorbidities, indication of procedure, length of stay, and postoperative outcomes.ResultsWe evaluated a total of 33 patients who underwent an AngioVac procedure for removal of intravascular mass. The most common indications for the procedure were endocarditis (24/33, 73%); intracardiac mass (5/33, 15%); and deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (2/33, 6%). Post‐procedural blood transfusion was required in nearly half (15/33, 45%). Almost all patients (31/33, 94%) required intraoperative vasopressor use. Nearly all patients (32/33, 97%) were directed to the intensive care unit following the procedure with an average length of stay of 8 days (interquartile range: 3−13). Most common complications seen after the procedure were shock requiring vasopressors, (13/33, 39%), pleural effusion (9/33, 27%), and sepsis (4/33, 12%). Procedural success in this single‐centered experience was 85% (28/33), which was defined as size reduction of the initial vegetation by >50% in the absence of severe intraoperative complications and absence of need for further valvular surgical intervention.ConclusionFor surgically high‐risk patients, the AngioVac procedure may offer a less invasive option in the management of right sided endocarditis requiring vegetation debulking, intravascular thrombi or cardiac masses.