bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Financing for Human Resource Development in Botswana
Authors: Botlhale Emmanuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human Resource Development (HRD) is key for the achievement of macroeconomic outcomes such as economic growth and development. This is particularly true in development-deficient sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition, HRD is vital for the successful delivery of international commitments such as Agenda 2030 and aspirations such as national visions. In SSA countries, largely due to increased demand for HRD in the face of post-2007 and Covid-19 fiscal strictures, the public financing of pre-service HRD is problematic. The purpose of the paper is to test the applicability of this situation in Botswana. The paper, rooted in interpretive research philosophy, adopted the qualitative case study approach. This was a desktop study that used secondary data sources. It concluded that the Botswana case mirrors the SSA situation. Concluding, the general lesson ensuing from this case is that there is a need for sustainable HRD financing in the sub-region.
“Miserere Mei, Deus”
Authors: Hand Joni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the late Middle Ages, the trials and tribulations of Job served as an exemplar for the devout as they made their way through their religious lives. His narrative became popular in private devotional manuscripts as a way to meditate on a life dedicated to God in spite of great hardships. This article will begin with a brief history of the development of Jobian iconography and the story of Job. This analysis will then examine the most common scenes found in books of hours from Job’s narrative, the compositions of which differ depending on the textual source that had been consulted. Finally, the purpose of Jobian iconography in books of hours will be discussed with emphasis on its placement within the program of the manuscript.
Religious Dimensions of Beethoven’s Ode “To Joy”
Authors: Greene David B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hearing a song, listeners can often pick up the syntactical relationships among its words only with great difficulty. The musical flow washes away most of the syntax, and the musical connections from one phrase to the next or one section to the next, sometimes even from one note to the next, are what connect the words to one another and give them meanings very different from their submerged syntactically fixed meanings. This article probes the musical relationships joining the phrases in Beethoven’s Freude theme and attempts to paraphrase “joy” and “brotherhood” as their meanings are qualified by the musically determined relation of each to the other. It pays particular attention to the music that sets texts with a religious dimension, and the way their musical connections change the meaning of joy and brotherhood.
Akedah as an Actual Sacrifice
Authors: Czekanowska-Gutman Monika , Mendelsohn Amitai , Schoenfeld Devorah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Akedat Yitzhak (The Binding of Isaac) is one of the most powerful and yet horrifying narratives of the Hebrew Bible, describing a sacrifice which was ultimately not performed, as Isaac was not slaughtered. However, over the centuries Jewish exegesis developed a controversial tradition in which Isaac was in fact sacrificed. This paper traces this tradition from Midrashic texts through Hebrew Crusade narratives into works by modern Jewish artists. The latter offer depictions of the divergent interpretation of the Akedah in the context of the Shoah (Marc Chagall) and in the context of Arab-Israeli conflict in the Land of Israel (Abel Pann). Discussing the complex treatment of the actual sacrifice in modern Jewish culture, the paper demonstrates how these artists engaged with an actual sacrifice at different stages of their artistic career as a way of depicting trauma either on the national or personal level.
Sociological Dynamics of Technological Change in the Context of Society 5.0
Authors: Köktürk Gökhan Veli , Akbaş Özge Zeybekoğlu , Özcan Özen Özlem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article presents a critical analysis of Society 5.0 in the context of the East-West conflict. Society 5.0, which emerged with Japan’s claim of dominance over the world and leadership over the West, envisages the construction of a new community in which advanced technologies are integrated into social life. The authors evaluate the changes based on westernization, modernization, and risk society in the first section of the article, taking into account Japan’s historical process. The second section discusses the effects of technological changes and advancements on social structure. The third section examines the targets proposed by Society 5.0 within the context of all these points. In this direction, comparative perspectives were considered. According to the study’s findings, Society 5.0 is more in line with the goals of global actors and may cause new structural problems for non-Western societies due to differences in the establishment of the social structure and their sociological background.
What Happened to Ethiopian Youth during the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Mekonen Kasahun Desyalew , Tedla Wondale Temesgen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate Ethiopian urban youth’s changing risk beliefs, contributing factors, and global south lessons in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with urban youth in Ethiopia’s East-Gojjam district. The findings revealed three major stages in the youth’s risk perception: the high perceived risk stage associated with early pandemic outbreaks, the steady decline stage associated with economic stress that outweighed perceived health risk, and the zero risk stage when all safety measures appear to have been completely abandoned. The government’s self-contradictory rhetoric and practice, the contradiction between religious teachings and scientific messages, and misinformation in social media are factors for the evolved risk beliefs. A major lesson from the global south is the active participation of key stakeholders in bridging the gap between government and society.
Temporalities, Universality and Insurgency: On Massimiliano Tomba’s Insurgent Universality
Authors: Beretta Aldo , Fritzl Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Insurgent Universality offers a novel attempt to access history through a problematisation of the notion of universalism. Its main argument is based on three notions articulated in revolutionary events: temporalities, universality and insurgency. In this article we review their theoretical aspects, comment on their limitations, and outline potential reformulations.
Problematising the Victims’ Rights Directive From the Ground: The Implementation of Victim Support Services in Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Spain
Authors: Jubany Olga , Klett-Davies Martina , Roiha Malin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adopting an ethnographic approach, this paper analyses the interpretation, application and consequences of the most relevant tool for the protection of victims’ rights in the European Union – the so-called Victims’ Rights Directive (Directive 2012/29/EU). The analysis is grounded on multi-sited fieldwork that includes 106 in-depth interviews with professionals working with victim support in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy and Spain. The results unravel the perspectives and experiences of the professionals working on the ground and the uneven implementation of the Directive across the EU and in highly diverse contexts. The analysis shows the tensions and deficits in its implementation that are inseparable from the social construction of the ‘ideal victim’ that informs the prioritising of support. This paper will evidence how the ‘hierarchisation of victims’ is echoed in the unequal transposition and implementation of the Directive throughout the EU, from law enforcement agencies to prosecution, courts and victim support.
Orthodox Neo-Patristic Theology and the West
Authors: Coman Viorel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article reflects on Stăniloae’s engagement with Karl Barth’s approach to Orthodox Christianity and delineates its most important consequences in terms of pneumatology. The article argues that Barth’s critique of Orthodoxy’s sacramental ecclesiology gave the Romanian theologian the occasion to expand his reflections on the role of the Holy Spirit in the Church, as well as to emphasize some aspects of Eastern pneumatology that would remain unexplored otherwise. In so doing, Stăniloae’s theology offers a detailed picture of the Neo-Patristic movement’s interaction with Western theology.
Situating the Enlightenment in Herder’s Philosophy of History
Authors: James David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although Herder is critical of the Enlightenment, I show that his philosophy of history commits him to the claim that the age and culture shaped by the Enlightenment in some way makes a distinctive contribution to the development of humanity. Yet this contribution cannot make this age and culture superior to earlier ones, for this would violate Herder’s commitment to the principle that each age and culture ought to be accorded an equal status because of the equal value of its contribution to the full development of humanity. I argue that an abstract way of thinking and a hostility to prejudice are integral elements of Herder’s attempt to situate the Enlightenment in his philosophy of history, despite how he otherwise criticizes the Enlightenment for its abstract thinking and its hostility to prejudice.
A Naïve Realist Rumination on the Roth-and-Dewulf versus Currie-and-Swaim Exchange
Authors: Mitrović Branko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a realist perspective on the recent exchange in the Journal of the Philosophy of History between Adrian Currie and Daniel Swaim on the one side and Paul Roth and Fons Dewulf on the other. The first part presents a critique of Currie and Swaim’s view that the past is not determinate and can be changed. The second part states a series of arguments against Roth’s view that events exist only under description. The third part discusses the ontological problems that Roth’s irrealism about the past fails to address.
Scandinavian Archives, Transatlantic Historical Culture, and Carl Christian Rafn’s Attempt to Rewrite American History in the Antebellum U.S
Authors: O’Leary Derek Kane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the 1837 publication of Antiquitates Americanae by the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries in Copenhagen, Carl Christian Rafn argued that indisputable evidence proved that Norse mariners had arrived in North America around the turn of the 11th century, making them—not Columbus and his crew—the first white people to colonize the hemisphere. For historical societies and intrigued readers in the U.S., evidence about Norse settlement around the turn of the millennium could stretch the chronological, geographical, and dramatic scale of the national history that was being actively archived and narrated in this period. Americans eager to be seen as trans-Atlantic intellectual peers seriously analyzed the evidence and narrative promoted by Rafn, but their ambivalence about both the precision of the evidence and the implications of the narrative ultimately led them to marginalize the theory of Norse discovery by the time of the Civil War. In constructing their archives and historical narratives, Americans were drawn into such trans-Atlantic intellectual currents and foreign nationalist historical projects as the theory of Norse discovery, but they also navigated and redirected these currents according to their own conceptions of what belonged within the nation’s archival record and what their nation’s historical narrative should be.
Introduction: the Formation of Religious Minorities in Muslim Africa
Authors: Østebø Terje , Pontzen Benedikt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Minorities are not defined by mere numbers but must be considered as emergent formations within their wider surroundings. As such, minorities are defined by the relations to their majorities, especially by the differences to, but also by their exchanges with them, which have an impact on their lives and communal identities. Minorities emerge in larger processes and narratives by which their surrounding societies render themselves into imagined communities and thereby partake in the remaking of the wider social fabric. Focusing on religious minorities in Muslim Africa, this introduction to the special issue provides a framework for how to understand how various minorities form and how their minority status impacts how they live their religion, see themselves as members of society, and make claims towards the state. The introduction moreover reviews the scholarly work done on the different religious minorities found within Muslim Africa and presents the essays included in the special issue. Considering the resulting social dynamics and their surrounding debates, we move beyond an understanding of Muslim Africa as coined solely by its Sunni Muslim majority.
‘Tasting Imagination’: What Role Chemosensory Mental Imagery in Multisensory Flavour Perception?
Authors: Spence Charles 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A number of perplexing phenomena in the area of olfactory/flavour perception may fruitfully be explained by the suggestion that chemosensory mental imagery can be triggered automatically by perceptual inputs. In particular, the disconnect between the seemingly limited ability of participants in chemosensory psychophysics studies to distinguish more than two or three odorants in mixtures and the rich and detailed flavour descriptions that are sometimes reported by wine experts; the absence of awareness of chemosensory loss in many elderly individuals; and the insensitivity of the odour-induced taste enhancement (OITE) effect to the mode of presentation of olfactory stimuli (i.e., orthonasal or retronasal). The suggestion made here is that the theory of predictive coding, developed first in the visual modality, be extended to chemosensation. This may provide a fruitful way of thinking about the interaction between mental imagery and perception in the experience of aromas and flavours. Accepting such a suggestion also raises some important questions concerning the ecological validity/meaning of much of the chemosensory psychophysics literature that has been published to date.
World War II Memory Weaponized
Authors: Edwards Sam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Focusing on two speeches by Ukrainian President Zelensky (as well as related activities) this article examines the recent diplomatic “use” in the on-going Russo-Ukraine War of World War II memory. It suggests that the Ukrainian government has skilfully—and very deliberately—deployed historical memory in diplomacy focused on both the United States and United Kingdom, and it suggests that part of the success of such endeavours lies in two connected factors. The first concerns the privileged position of World War II in Anglo-American culture; and the second is centred on the personalities of the current US and UK leaders, one of whom (Boris Johnson) has a well-known affection for Churchill, and the other of whom (Joe Biden) has been keen to assume the mantle of Franklin Roosevelt. With this audience, President Zelensky’s decision to invoke World War II memory is both savvy and clearly effective.
The Return of History as Travesty
Authors: Verbeeck Georgi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ‘war against fascism’ constitutes one of the most eccentric tropes in today’s Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Russia is currently mirroring the battle against fascism and National Socialism during World War II in its own brutal invasion of Ukraine in a most extraordinary way. Yet, the ‘antifascism’ rhetoric provides the crucial link between the old Soviet historical narrative and contemporary Russia’s politics of memory. It serves as a concept ‘frozen in time’ and demonstrates how the current Russian leadership espouses an essentially cyclical world view that caters to its own policies of expansion and aggression.
Axillary hairs in diverse moss lineages
Authors: IGNATOV MICHAEL S. , POLEVOVA SVETLANA V. , SPIRINA ULYANA N. , SKRIPNIKOV ALEXANDER YU. , NOVIKOV BORIS A. , IGNATOVA ELENA A. 
Published: December 2022

New observations and an overview of the axillary hair structure in the groups of mosses sister to peristomate ones are provided. Three moss lineages, Takakiopsida, Sphagnopsida, and Andreaeobryopsida are characterized by mucilage release through the apical pore or otherwise apical structures. Axillary hairs of Andreaea however, differ from these lineages and are similar to all other mosses, where mucilage exudes through small temporary breakings along the entire cell wall of its upper cells. Fine structure of axillary hairs is illustrated for Sphagnum, Takakia, Andreaeobryum, and partly for Andreaea and Oedipodium, and general characteristics are given for most orders. A unique arrangement of axillary hairs is found in Sphagnum, where they occasionally appear not only in the leaf axils but also along the leaf base abaxially. Another rare feature of Sphagnum is that its axillary hairs are penetrable for fungi through the apical pore, which was previously known in mosses only for Takakia. A highly specialized structure regulating mucilage release in Takakia is described. Actin filaments and especially tubulin microtubules were found to be outstandingly abundant in axillary hairs of Physcomitrium but not in paraphyses, as seen in its GFP-labelled plants, and this feature may be common in other mosses.
Shelter in Place and an Alarming Increase in Penetrating Trauma in Children and Concerning Decrease in Child Abuse
Authors: Arthur Lauren , Schiro Sharon , Tumin Dmitry , Nakayama Don , Toschlog Eric , Greene Erika , Waddell Megan , Longshore Shannon 
Published: December 2022

Background On March 14, 2020, schools across North Carolina (NC) closed in response to Covid-19, forcing completion of the school year at home. Most pediatric trauma occurs at home with a higher prevalence when children are out of school. We queried the state trauma database to assess if the 2020 “shelter in place” was associated with an increase in pediatric trauma statewide. Methods The NC trauma database was queried for injuries in children (age < 18 yrs) from 13 March-1 August 2020, and the corresponding months of 2018 and 2019. The number and type of injuries were compared. We also queried the NC death certificate and child welfare databases. Data were analyzed by standard statistical methods using chi-squared or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Total pediatric trauma cases were lower during 2020 (71.6 per 100,000) compared to 2018 (92.4 per 100,000) and 2019 (80 per 100,000) ( P < .001); however, average injury severity score (ISS) was higher ( P = .001). A significant increase in firearm injuries were seen in 2020 ( P = .016), with an increase in mortality ( P = .08) and ISS ( P = .013). The rate of child abuse trauma decreased in 2020 ( P = .005) as did the number of child abuse and neglect reports ( P < .001). There were also significant decreases in trauma due to sports, burns, falls, and motor vehicle accidents. Conclusion While overall pediatric trauma decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was an alarming increase in penetrating injuries in children. Child abuse trauma and reports decreased, which is concerning for lower identification of abuse.
Foreign Body Aspiration Complicated by Pneumothorax in Children: HCUP-KID Perspective
Authors: Favre Nicole M. , Powers Kristina F. , Viola Francesca C. , Carr Michele M. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Children with airway foreign bodies (AFB) occasionally have pneumothorax complicating their course. We aimed to compare the clinical course of these children to those without this complication. Methods: Data was obtained from the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database of Healthcare Cost Utilization Project. ICD-10 code of T17XXXX was used to locate records. They were grouped based on the presence of preoperative pneumothorax, postoperative pneumothorax, or none. Variables included demographics, AFB type, AFB location, length of stay (LOS), pneumothorax treatment modality, mortality, hospital setting, primary payor, and total charges. Results: A total of 4165 children with AFB were identified, 57.8% male and 42.2% female. Of these 75 (1.8%) patients presented with preoperative pneumothorax, 29 (0.7%) with postoperative pneumothorax, and 4061 (97.5%) with no pneumothorax. The preoperative pneumothorax patients were older than the postoperative pneumothorax and unaffected AFB patients (mean age = 9.5 [95% CI 7.7-11.3] vs 8.2 [95% CI 5.4-11.1] vs 5.5 [95% CI 5.3-5.7]; P < .001). Preoperative pneumothorax patients incurred higher total charges than the other groups (mean US = $939K [95% Cl 673K-1,204K] vs $599K [95% Cl 377K-821K] vs $228K [95% Cl 211K-244K]; P < .001), had a longer LOS in days (mean = 37.7 [95% Cl 28.7-46.7] vs 31.6 [95% Cl 16.9-46.2] vs 15.8 [95% CI 15.0-16.7]; P < .001), and had a higher mortality rate (16% vs 0% vs 3.7%, P < .001). Conclusion: Pneumothorax can significantly impact a child’s hospital course, and preoperative pneumothorax should alert clinicians to the potential for increased mortality risk.
Manifestations of Mucormycosis and Its Complications in COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series Study
Authors: Kordjazi Mohammadsmaeil , Bazgir Narges , Eftekharian Kourosh , Farajpour Mostafa , Dilmaghani Nader Akbari 
Published: December 2022

Objective Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal disease that affects immunocompromised patients. With the advent of SARS-CoV-2, this opportunistic disease has increased. Methods A case series of 47 patients with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis have been analyzed. Demographic information, signs, symptoms, laboratory investigations, imaging studies, and their association with ICU admission and 30-day mortality were assessed. Results Total number of 47 consecutive rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) cases were analyzed. Periorbital swelling was the most common sign among patients. Majority of cases had diabetes. All patients received liposomal Amphotericin B. Debridement was performed for all cases. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 increases the susceptibility to mucormycosis infection in various ways. Uncontrolled level of HbA1c in all patients, even non-diabetic individuals, indicates hyperglycemia over the past three months. Diabetes, orbital exenteration, ptosis, periorbital swelling, DKA, LOC, brain involvement, and mechanical ventilation all correlated with a higher rate of ICU admission and 30-day mortality. In addition, a higher white blood cell count is related to the higher probability of ICU admission. While considering all of the inflammatory laboratory data and HbA1c could help predict 30-day mortality.