bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infections in Chinese infants
Authors: Chen Li-Na , Wang Si-Jie , Wang Song-Mei , Fu Xiao-Li , Zheng Wen-Jing , Hao Zhi-Yong , Zhou Hai-Song , Zhang Xin-Jiang , Zhao Yu-Liang , Qiu Chao , von Seidlein Lorenz , Qiu Tian-Yi , Wang Xuan-Yi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children. Previous studies based on symptomatic infections indicated that mutations, rather than recombination drove the evolution of the norovirus ORF2. These characteristics were found in hospital-based symptomatic infections, whereas, asymptomatic infections are frequent and contribute significantly to transmission.

Methods
We conducted the first norovirus molecular epidemiology analysis covering both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections derived from a birth cohort study in the northern China.

Results
During the study, 14 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic norovirus infections were detected in 32 infants. Out of the 14 strains that caused symptomatic infections, 12 strains were identified as GII.3[P12], and others were GII.4[P31]. Conversely, 17 asymptomatic infections were caused by GII.4[P31], two by GII.2[P16], and one by GII.4[P16]. Regardless of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, the mutations were detected frequently in the ORF2 region, and almost all recombination were identified in the RdRp-ORF2 region. The majority of the mutations were located around the predefined epitope regions of P2 subdomain indicating a potential for immune evasion.

Conclusion
The role of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic infections in the evolution of norovirus needs to be evaluated continuously.
Smartphone intervention to optimize medication-assisted treatment outcomes for opioid use disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thompson Ronald G. , Bollinger Mary , Mancino Michael J. , Hasin Deborah , Han Xiaotong , Bush Keith A. , Kilts Clint D. , James G. Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Opioids accounted for 75% of drug overdoses in the USA in 2020, with rural states particularly impacted by the opioid crisis. While medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with Suboxone remains one of the more efficacious treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD), approximately 40% of people receiving Suboxone for outpatient MAT for OUD (MOUD) relapse within the first 6 months of treatment. We developed the smartphone app-based intervention OptiMAT as an adjunctive intervention to improve MOUD outcomes. The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive OptiMAT use in reducing opioid misuse among people receiving MOUD and (2) evaluate the role of specific OptiMAT features in reducing opioid misuse, including the use of GPS-driven just-in-time intervention.

Methods
We will conduct a two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of adults receiving outpatient MOUD in the greater Little Rock AR area. Participants are English-speaking adults ages 18 or older recently enrolled in outpatient MOUD at one of our participating study clinics. Participants will be allocated via 1:1 randomized block design to (1) MOUD with adjunctive use of OptiMAT (MOUD+OptiMAT) or (2) MOUD without OptiMAT (MOUD-only). Our blinded research statistician will evaluate differences between the two groups in opioid misuse (as determined by quantitative urinalysis conducted by clinical lab staff blinded to group membership) during the 6-months following study enrolment. Secondary analyses will evaluate if OptiMAT-usage patterns within the MOUD+OptiMAT group predict opioid misuse or continued abstinence.

Discussion
This study will test if adjunctive use of OptiMAT improve MOUD outcomes. Study findings could lead to expansion of OptiMAT into rural clinical settings, and the identification of OptiMAT features which best predict positive clinical outcome could lead to refinement of this and similar smartphone app-based interventions.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
identifier: NCT05336188, registered March 21, 2022.
High non-compliance rate among presumptive tuberculosis cases referred from peripheral health facilities in silti district of Southern Ethiopia: a mixed methods study
Authors: Milkias Habtamu , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Abebe Gemeda 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
For presumptive Tuberculosis (TB) case referral to be effective, most of the referred cases need to present themselves to health facilities for assessment and testing. Otherwise, cases of TB could be missed, and these cases are at an increased risk of delayed diagnosis, complications and death. Further, their care incurs significantly higher costs. This study assessed referral compliance as well as factors attributable to compliance/non-compliance to referral of presumptive TB cases in Silti district, Southern Ethiopia.

Method
We applied a mixed design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. A randomly selected sample of 384 presumptive TB cases referred between January, 2014 and July 2021 were included in this study from the records of 12 health posts. Purposefully selected presumptive TB cases and Health Extension Workers were also interviewed to get in-depth information on the reasons for compliance and non-compliance to referral. STATA version 14 was employed to model the data using logistic regression. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results
Of the 384 referred presumptive TB cases, close to 49% did not present themselves to the referral facilities. About 66% (n = 249) of the referred cases were women, and 62% (n = 119) of those who complied to referral were women. In multivariate analysis, cough [AOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.54–7.32], and chest pain [AOR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.45–5.05] were independent predictors of compliance to referral. Nearly 5.5% (n = 21) of TB cases of all types were identified. The qualitative data analysis revealed that severe disease symptoms, HEW’s recommendations, and social issues as reasons improving compliance while personal and social factors, financial problems, lack of awareness about TB and transportation were reasons impeding compliance to referral.

Conclusion
Our study showed a high level of non-compliance to referral among referred presumptive TB cases. We also found that more women were referred and also complied with the referral. Strengthening community awareness about the disease symptoms and the existence of free treatment, addressing misconceptions about TB, supporting the elderly and disabled, and checkup house visits after referral could improve compliance to referral.
Prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case-control study
Authors: Omar Mohamed Gamil , Yousef Amel Mohamed , Kamel Hossam El-din Hussein , Yosri Mahitab Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a wide term, involving a large array of conditions that negatively impact many women around the world. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is another disorder with long-term serious consequences. Being a disease of hormonal imbalances, PCOS may possibly affect the function of the pelvic floor muscles leading to PFD. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of PFD among women with PCOS.

Methods
This is an observational, case-control study. A total of 368 women, aged from 20 to 35 years, with a body mass index (BMI) range of 20 to 30 kg/m2 recruited from Kasr El-Ainy teaching hospital shared in the study. They were classified into case group (PCOS patients; n=184) and control group (non-PCOS participants; n=184), with matched age and BMI for comparison. All case-group women were diagnosed with PCOS, based on Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, while the control group women had regular menstrual cycles. Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) was used to identify PFD in the tested groups. The demographic features of the two groups were compared using the unpaired t test, while the chi-squared test was used to determine the prevalence of PFD among women with PCOS. Also, multiple linear regression was done to asses other PFD risk factors in both groups.

Results
Out of 380 women, 368 were involved in the study with mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the age and BMI of 28.48±4.87 years and 25.9±5.8 kg/m2, respectively, for the control group, and 28.76±5.33 years and 27±6.1 kg/m2, respectively, for the PCOS group, without a significant difference in either of the age and BMI between groups (P > 0.05). The frequency distribution of women with and without PFD in both groups revealed that the PCOS group included 68 (37%) women with PFD. While the control group included 12 (6%) women with PFD, with a significant difference (P=0. 03) in the prevalence between both groups. Also, multiple regression revealed that PCOS condition significantly affected PFD.

Conclusion
PFD was prevalent among women with PCOS, compared to the control group, suggesting a possible link between both conditions.
Broken tooth: a biological foreign body—case report
Authors: Rao Kartika , Bhandarkar Pallavi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Broken tooth fragments that get lodged post trauma in oral cavity lacerations should not go unnoticed during primary care of the patient. Tooth fragments can act as a biological foreign body. Unnoticed foreign bodies can give rise to granulomas, sepsis, and fistula formation.

Aim
This article stresses on the need for all primary contact medical staff and residents to pay additional attention on patients with a loose/broken tooth and a laceration. Early removal of tooth fragment is key to avoiding granuloma formation and thus the need to excise the surrounding tissue.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old female presented with a post traumatic upper lip swelling. A broken tooth fragment was studied on plain CT scan and removed under local anesthesia. A speedy restoration of normal anatomy was seen due to early diagnosis and removal.

Conclusions
Dental traumas, being the commonest maxillofacial injuries, have a significant impact on the physical, cosmetic, and emotional health of the patient. Careful assessment of a patient with history of trauma and a missing/broken tooth is mandatory.
BNCC e as competências socioemocionais: uma análise crítica às propostas de formação continuada
Authors: Vital Soraya Cunha Couto , Urt Sonia Da Cunha 
Published: April 2023

As propostas apresentadas pela BNCC, que retratam a ênfase nas competências e habilidades tomadas sob o enfoque socioemocional, parecem oferecer uma supremacia desse aspecto aos outros componentes do desenvolvimento humano, desfavorecendo uma concepção de desenvolvimento integral. Entretanto, a formação humana que se propõe pautada na unidade cognitivo-afetiva sob a perspectiva da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, encontra-se como suporte para a discussão do que se vem descortinando no contexto atual da formação continuada de professores, ao evidenciar programas e treinamentos em habilidades socioemocionais descolados dos aspectos cognitivos e, ainda mais, revestidos de um caráter ideológico, ao supor, por meio de um discurso sedutor, uma superação da crise na educação e no processo de aprendizagem. Neste artigo, objetiva-se apontar e discutir a formação continuada de professores sustentada pelos fundamentos da BNCC – a teoria das competências e das habilidades, a partir do olhar da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, compartilhando o recorte de um estudo realizado em processo de doutoramento em Educação, que analisa criticamente a visão reducionista dessas competências e sua inter-relação com o processo contínuo de formação docente. Conclui-se que, para favorecer a leitura da realidade pelos professores, é preciso uma formação consistente, que revele e estabeleça as relações dialéticas entre desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, cognição e afetividade, constituindo, dessa forma, um contraponto ao determinismo emocional de ser, fazer e existir ou voltar a existir no corpus do contexto escolar.
Susceptibility profile of Zimbabwean livestock fecal Escherichia coli isolates to veterinary antibiotics: Implications for standardization of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in livestock production
Authors: Munengwa Anderson , Nation Chikumba , Alban Mugoti , Lenin Dziwanyika 
Published: April 2023

Susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli to Veterinary Critically Important Antimicrobials (VCIAs) are poorly understood in most developing countries. We determined those patterns on n = 180 livestock fecal isolates from Chikomba district by disk diffusion method. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices for the isolates were determined for risk analysis. Chi-square was used to test how antibiotic susceptibility level associated with animal species and farming scale. Resistance to Tetracycline and Ampicillin was high across animal species (above 70%). Moderate levels of resistance (30% to 54%) to Erythromycin, Trimethoprim and Chloramphenicol were detected across livestock species. Resistance levels were low (below 30 %) for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. Resistance to Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Ceftazidime was associated with animal species (P ˂ 0.05). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were independent of farming scale (P 0.05). Frequencies of isolates within each risk zone depended on animal species (P ˂ 0.05), contrary to farming systems (P 0.05). Multi-Drug Resistance was 73%, where most isolates were resistant to 5 antibiotics (23%) and none exhibited resistance to all antibiotics. Only 55% of isolates from cattle and over 80% from pigs and layers were within the high risk zone. Twenty nine of the isolates were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) positive. Higher ESBL frequencies (44%) were observed within Large Scale Commercial Farms (LSCF) followed by for Small Scale Commercial Farms (SSCF) (25%) and Resettlement farms (A1) (14%). Similarly, ESBL prevalence varied by livestock species (P 0.05), as follows: pig (39%), layers (32%) and beef (12%). Our study suggests high incidences of multi-drug resistance in livestock which need AMR surveillance strategies. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Pigs, Poultry, Beef cattle, Escherichia coli
The impact of COVID-19 in children with Sickle Cell Disease: Results of a multicentric registry
Authors: Oliveira Claudia de Melo , Soares Victor Jablonski , Pellegrini Braga Josefina Aparecida , Alcantara Bonilha Thaís , Magalhães Isis , Loggetto Sandra Regina , Rechenmacher Ciliana , Daudt Liane Esteves , Michalowski Mariana Bohns 
Published: April 2023

Objective
To analyze the outcomes of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and COVID-19.

Method
A multicenter prospective study was conducted in five hematological centers from Central and Southeast Brazil, starting in April 2020. The variables recorded include clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, therapeutic measures, and treatment sites. The clinical repercussions of the infection on the initial treatment and the overall prognosis were also evaluated.

Results
Twenty-five unvaccinated children, aged 4 to 17 years, with SCD and a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result participated in this study. Patients were classified as SCD types SS (n = 20, 80%) and SC (n = 5, 20%). Clinical characteristics and evolution were similar in both groups (p>0.05), except for the fetal hemoglobin value which was higher among the SC patients (p = 0.025). The most frequent symptoms were hyperthermia (72%) and cough (40%). Three children were admitted to the intensive care unit, all of whom were overweight/obese (p = 0.078). No deaths were observed.

Conclusions
Although SCD leads to specific complications, the results found in this sample suggest that COVID-19 does not seem to carry an increased mortality risk in pediatric patients with this disease.
Associations between excessive fatigue and pain, sleep, mental-health and work factors in Norwegian nurses
Authors: Hiestand Stand , Forthun Ingeborg , Waage Siri , Pallesen Ståle , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: April 2023

Aim
To investigate whether pain, sleep duration, insomnia, sleepiness, work-related factors, anxiety, and depression associate with excessive fatigue in nurses.

Background
Fatigue among nurses is a problem in the context of ongoing nursing shortages. While myriad factors are associated with fatigue not all relationships are understood. Prior studies have not examined excessive fatigue in the context of pain, sleep, mental health, and work factors in a working population to determine if associations between excessive fatigue and each of these factors remain when adjusting for each other.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire study among 1,335 Norwegian nurses. The questionnaire included measures for fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, score ≥4 categorized as excessive fatigue), pain, sleep duration, insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and work-related factors. Associations between the exposure variables and excessive fatigue were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses.

Results
In the fully adjusted model, significant associations were found between excessive fatigue and pain severity scores for arms/wrists/hands (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.09, CI = 1.02–1.17), hips/legs/knees/feet (aOR = 1.11, CI = 1.05–1.18), and headaches/migraines (aOR = 1.16, CI = 1.07–1.27), sleep duration of <6 hours (aOR = 2.02, CI = 1.08–3.77), and total symptom scores for insomnia (aOR = 1.05, CI = 1.03–1.08), sleepiness (aOR = 1.11, CI = 1.06–1.17), anxiety (aOR = 1.09, CI = 1.03–1.16), and depression (aOR = 1.24, CI = 1.16–1.33). The musculoskeletal complaint-severity index score (aOR = 1.27, CI = 1.13–1.42) was associated with excessive fatigue in a separate model adjusted for all variables and demographics. Excessive fatigue was also associated with shift work disorder (OR = 2.25, CI = 1.76–2.89) in a model adjusted for demographics. We found no associations with shift work, number of night shifts and number of quick returns (<11 hours between shifts) in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusion
Excessive fatigue was associated with pain, sleep- and mental health-factors in a fully adjusted model.
Cisplatin-associated ototoxicity amongst cervical cancer patients: A prospective cohort study in south Africa
Authors: Paken Jessica , Govender Cyril Devadas , Pillay Mershen , Feyasa Merga , Sewram Vikash 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy using weekly cisplatin remains standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. While cisplatin remains a popular cancer chemotherapeutic, it has an irreversible ototoxic effect on patients’ auditory system. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological information on its extent and severity during cervical cancer treatment. In a region with a high burden of cervical cancer, this has serious consequences for aural intervention and rehabilitation.Methods and findingsUsing a prospective cohort study design, 82 patients with incident cervical cancer, receiving weekly cisplatin chemotherapy (50 mg/m2body surface) at a tertiary level hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, underwent audiological assessments at various intervals. We describe the temporal impact of cisplatin exposure on hearing loss, its combined effect with HIV-infection, and estimate ototoxicity incidence in this cohort. The median age was 52 years with Stages IIB (45%) and IIIB (35.4%) cancers being most common. Complaints of reduced hearing sensitivity increased significantly (p<0.0001). Bilateral, asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, with greater effect in the extended high-frequency range, was evident. Cisplatin dosage was significantly associated with ototoxicity severity at one- (p = 0.017), three- (p = 0.010), and six-month (p = 0.015) post-treatment follow-up. HIV-seropositivity (53.7%) was significantly associated with NCI-CTCAE Grading Scale at three- (p = 0.022) and six-months (p = 0.023) post-treatment. Multiple Tobit regression revealed a cumulative dose effect bilaterally, after adjustment for age and HIV status, evident from 9000Hz and above in the right ear, while a plateau effect was observed at 250mg/m2in the left ear. The incidence was ototoxicity was 98% at a cumulative dose of 150mg/m2.ConclusionThe findings of this epidemiologic study highlight the temporal course and severity of ototoxicity experienced by cervical cancer patients treated with cisplatin, with greater impact in HIV-positive subgroup, thus underscores the need for audiological monitoring and timely interventions in this cohort.
Parenclitic Network Mapping Identifies Response to Targeted Albumin Therapy in Patients Hospitalized With Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Oyelade Tope , Forrest Ewan , Moore Kevin P. , O'Brien Alastair , Mani Ali R. 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The efficacy of targeted albumin therapy in the management of decompensatory events in cirrhosis is unclear, with different reports showing conflicting results. It is possible that only certain subgroups of patients may benefit from targeted albumin administration. However, extensive conventional subgroup analyses have not yet identified these subgroups. Albumin is an important regulator of physiological networks and may interact with homeostatic mechanism differently in patients according to the integrity of their physiological network. In this study, we aimed to assess the value of network mapping in predicting response to targeted albumin therapy in patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS:
This is a substudy of the ATTIRE trial, a multicenter randomized trial conducted to assess the effect of targeted albumin therapy in cirrhosis. Baseline serum bilirubin, albumin, sodium, creatinine, CRP, white cell count (WCC), international normalized ratio, heart rate, and blood pressure of 777 patients followed up for 6 months were used for network mapping using parenclitic analysis. Parenclitic network analysis involves measuring the deviation of each patient from the existing network of physiological interactions in a reference population.

RESULTS:
Overall network connectivity and deviations along the WCC-CRP axis predicted 6-month survival independent of age and model for end-stage liver disease in the standard care arm. Patients with lower deviation along the WCC-CRP axis showed lower survival in response to targeted albumin administration over a 6-month follow-up period. Likewise, patients with higher overall physiological connectivity survived significantly less than the standard care group after targeted albumin infusion.

DISCUSSION:
The parenclitic network mapping can predict the survival of patients with cirrhosis and identify patient subgroups that do not benefit from targeted albumin therapy.
Black Trans Girlhood, Healing, and Transformative Justice in Akwaeke Emezi's PET
Authors: Sansonetti Annie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the fantasy/speculative fiction young adult novel PET (2019), Akwaeke Emezi's fifteen-year-old Black trans girl protagonist, Jam, disrupts the traditional socio-cultural and medico-legal hindrances to Black trans girlhood's “liveness” by actively devising and participating in carefully staged scenes of intracommunal healing and transformative justice. With Jam's knowledge, history, and experience among Black people and community as a guiding light, this article argues that PET serves as a counternarrative to the erasure of Black trans girls in the Black radical tradition and inspires new narratives for Black liberation with the wisdom and experience of Black trans feminine children in mind. What Jam knows—that another way of doing justice is possible, that revolution is not a one-time event, and that care and healing after the event of prison abolition will have to be constantly rehearsed anew—is shared with the young readers of this novel.