bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians’ medical expertise: III. Strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment
Authors: Fraundorf Scott H. , Caddick Zachary A. , Nokes-Malach Timothy J. , Rottman Benjamin M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIs self-assessment enough to keep physicians’ cognitive skills—such as diagnosis, treatment, basic biological knowledge, and communicative skills—current? We review the cognitive strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment in the context of maintaining medical expertise. Cognitive science supports the importance of accurately self-assessing one’s own skills and abilities, and we review several ways such accuracy can be quantified. However, our review also indicates a broad challenge in self-assessment is that individuals do not have direct access to the strength or quality of their knowledge and instead must infer this from heuristic strategies. These heuristics are reasonably accurate in many circumstances, but they also suffer from systematic biases. For example, information that feels easy to process in the moment can lead individuals to overconfidence in their ability to remember it in the future. Another notable phenomenon is the Dunning–Kruger effect: the poorest performers in a domain are also the least accurate in self-assessment. Further, explicit instruction is not always sufficient to remove these biases. We discuss what these findings imply about when physicians’ self-assessment can be useful and when it may be valuable to supplement with outside sources.
Site-directed mutagenesis in Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis to demonstrate the role of domain II and domain III in toxicity enhancement toward Spodoptera litura
Authors: Khurshid Huma , Zaheer Hafsa , Yunus Fakhar-un-Nisa , Manzoor Farkhanda , Latif Aasma Abdul , Rashid Farzana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for the production of a wide variety of insecticidal Cry, Cyt, and Vip proteins with distinct insect specificities. The bioinsecticides derived from Bt Cry proteins account for > 95% of the microbial biopesticide market to combat a variety of pest species belonging to the order Lepidoptera (including Spodoptera spp.), Coleoptera, Diptera, etc. Cry proteins are engineered by using different molecular techniques to control the development of multiple insecticide resistance problems in major insect pests using bio-toxicity assays.

Main body
It is common knowledge that the Cry proteins domain II and III are involved in pore formation or interaction between several insect larval receptors and the membranes of epithelial cells. In the present research, the PCR site-directed mutagenesis technique was used to introduce a total of four mutations into the cry genes (cry1 and cry2) near key regions of active proteins. The diet overlay bioassay was used to test the efficacy of expressed mutant Cry proteins against Spodopteralitura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the most damaging bollworms to cotton, causing severe output losses.

Results
Two amino acid replacements in the receptor binding domain of Cry1Ac toxins (S573, L588) showed decrease in activity for Cry1Ac mutants. However, amino acid substitutions in the receptor binding/pore formation domain of Cry2Aa (T325, S445) were to some extent proved more toxic than wild-type recombinant Cry2Aa protein, with an increase in mortality percentage from 3.33 to 6.66% after 24 to 72 h of treatment, respectively, against 2nd instar larvae of S.litura.

Conclusion
A comparison of activity demonstrated that larvae of S.litura were more susceptible to Cry2Aa toxins than those of Cry1Ac toxins after being treated with Bt toxins. The LC50 values of Cry2Aa mutants were slightly reduced for S.litura larvae than those of Cry1Ac mutants.
Otoplasty in patients with helix valgus: quality of life and satisfaction
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Alicia , Redondo Sedano Jesús Vicente , Martí Carrera María Eunate , Caro Teller Jose Manuel , Gómez Fraile Andrés , Delgado Muñoz María Dolores 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Importance of helix valgus lies in the psychological and social effect it could have on the patient. Our objective was to assess the impact of otoplasty on the quality of life of children with prominent ears and to establish possible predictors of post-surgical outcomes.

Material and methods
A retrospective review of children with prominent ears who underwent otoplasty between 2016 and 2018 was conducted. Demographical information, medical history, characteristics of helix valgus, motivations for surgery, complications, and post-surgical satisfaction were collected. To assess changes in parent-reported quality of life and patient satisfaction following surgery, the validated Glasgow Children’s Benefit Inventory (GCBI) and Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck (POS-Head/Neck) surveys were used, respectively.

Results
Fifty-three patients responded to the survey (64.6%). From those, 90.6% of parents reported an improvement in health-related quality of life after otoplasty, with a 24.6 ± 20.6 average score on the global GCBI scale. The post-surgical score on the POS-Head/Neck surveys was significantly higher than the pre-surgical score (p < 0.0001), suggesting an improvement in patient-reported aesthetic appearance. Analysis of possible predictive factors showed significant differences regarding age. Children over 10 years of age obtained significantly higher scores in both questionnaires.

Conclusions
Otoplasty has a clear positive impact on the quality of life of children with prominent ears. Age at the time of surgery appears to be a predictor of post-surgical outcomes. Our results would justify delaying surgery until 10 years old.
Displacement-based seismic performance of RC bridge pier
Authors: Taipe Javier F. , Fernandez-Davila Victor I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo correctly manage the road infrastructure before and after an earthquake, it is necessary to estimate and even predict the seismic performance of the bridge. The quantification of the bridge's seismic performance response was present in terms of displacement and also based on previous research of reinforced concrete bridge pier models. The displacement did define from a force lateral-displacement response diagram corresponding to the capacity curve, calculated through a non-linear static pushover analysis of the reinforced concrete bridge pier model for each limit state, from intact state to collapse. Thus, six defined displacements correspond to the cracking displacement, the yielding displacement, the spalling displacement, the crushing displacement, the buckling displacement, and the fracturing displacement. The six defined limit states correspond to the cracking limit state, the yielding limit state, the spalling limit state, the crushing limit state, the buckling limit state, and the fracturing limit state. Also, parametric analysis did carry out to evaluate the influence, relative importance, and trend of the input parameters in response to the seismic performance of the reinforced concrete bridge pier model. Eleven input parameters did analyze as the concrete compressive strength, the yield stress of reinforcing steel, the concrete cover thickness, the pier aspect ratio, the configuration of the transverse reinforcement, the spacing of the transverse reinforcing steel, the transversal diameter of the transverse reinforcing steel, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the transversal diameter of the longitudinal reinforcing steel, the axial load ratio, and coefficient of subgrade reaction.
Sex Hormones, the Stool Microbiome, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Women With and Without HIV
Authors: Peters Brandilyn A , Hanna David B , Wang Yi , Weber Kathleen M , Topper Elizabeth , Appleton Allison A , Sharma Anjali , Hodis Howard N , Santoro Nanette , Guillemette Chantal , Caron Patrick , Knight Rob , Burk Robert D , Kaplan Robert C , Qi Qibin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Cardioprotective roles of endogenous estrogens may be particularly important in women with HIV, who have reduced estrogen exposure and elevated cardiovascular disease risk. The gut microbiome metabolically interacts with sex hormones, but little is known regarding possible impact on cardiovascular risk.

Objective
To analyze potential interplay of sex hormones and gut microbiome in cardiovascular risk.

Methods
Among 197 postmenopausal women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we measured 15 sex hormones in serum and assessed the gut microbiome in stool. Presence of carotid artery plaque was determined (B-mode ultrasound) in a subset (n = 134). We examined associations of (i) sex hormones and stool microbiome, (ii) sex hormones and plaque, and (iii) sex hormone–related stool microbiota and plaque, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Participant median age was 58 years and the majority were living with HIV (81%). Sex hormones (estrogens, androgens, and adrenal precursors) were associated with stool microbiome diversity and specific species, similarly in women with and without HIV. Estrogens were associated with higher diversity, higher abundance of species from Alistipes, Collinsella, Erysipelotrichia, and Clostridia, and higher abundance of microbial β-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase orthologs, which are involved in hormone metabolism. Several hormones were associated with lower odds of carotid artery plaque, including dihydrotestosterone, 3α-diol-17G, estradiol, and estrone. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that estrone-related species, particularly from Collinsella, may mediate the protective association of estrone with plaque.

Conclusion
Serum sex hormones are significant predictors of stool microbiome diversity and composition. The gut microbiome may play a role in estrogen-related cardiovascular protection.
Hogarth's Networks and the Eighteenth-Century “Graphic” Novel
Authors: Silver Sean 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article positions the eighteenth-century novel alongside contemporary developments in the modeling of complex systems, including Leonhard Euler's solution to the Königsberg bridge problem and William Hogarth's serial engravings. Unlike studies that apply network theory to literary forms like the early novel, it instead identifies a strain of network thinking in the arts characteristic of the British eighteenth century. At this junction between network-style thinking and the rise of complex forms of affiliation in the emerging middle classes, art forms appear that this article risks calling the “graphic” novel. While we generally think of the novel's rise as paralleling the development of depth psychology or modern individualism, this account of the novel instead forges an argument for its development as a means of cataloging the complex systems of relationships characteristic of the “middling sort.” Its exemplary author is William Hogarth, whose Marriage A-la-Mode offers a signal instance of the forms of network-style visualization seeking to make sense of the urban everyday, and whose Analysis of Beauty includes a surprisingly thorough account of the network-like aesthetics that characterize midcentury literary form.
Construction of Silver Nanoparticles inside Microtubules Using Tau-Derived Peptide Ligated with Silver-Binding Peptide
Authors: Inaba Hiroshi , Hori Yuma , Kabir Arif Md Rashedul , Kakugo Akira , Sada Kazuki , Matsuura Kazunori 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) are interesting nanomaterials that attract significant research attention. The use of peptides/proteins as templates is a promising strategy for constructing uniform metal nanoparticles and nanowires, including AgNPs and AgNWs. In this study, the inner space of microtubules was used to grow AgNPs and AgNWs (or nanowire-like one-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies) using a tandem peptide consisting of our developed Tau-derived peptide that binds to the inner surface of microtubules, and a silver-binding peptide. The incorporation of the peptide into microtubules, stabilization by crosslinking using glutaraldehyde, and subsequent incubation with a silver ion source and reductant, resulted in the formation of uniform AgNPs inside microtubules. The density and morphology of the AgNPs were varied by altering the incubation times and concentrations of the silver ion source and reductant. The developed AgNP-containing microtubules could be useful for future nanotechnological applications, particularly in nanoelectronics and dynamic nanomaterials.
To study the utility of COX-2 as immunohistochemical prognostic marker in comparison to various histopathological parameters and TNM staging in breast carcinoma: an observational, cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Bhawani Jayashree , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Vagha Sunita , Jagtap Miheer 
Published: August 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and is a well-known cause for cancer mortality in females. COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) plays a vital role in development of some human cancers such as lung, colon and breast. It is a potent enzyme that is important for the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. These prostaglandins mediate cellular proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis which contributes to carcinogenesis. Overexpression of COX-2 has been detected in several malignancies including breast cancer. COX-2 overexpression is regarded as a poor prognostic marker of breast cancer. The present study will aim to study the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in breast cancer and compare it with known histopathological parameters thus assessing its prognostic value. Methods: This will be an observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, JNMC, Wardha (Sawangi). Radical mastectomy specimens will be studied for COX-2 expression by immunohistochemistry in patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma. COX-2 expression will be quantified as immunohistochemical score and results will be correlated with various histopathological parameters. Results: The expected result of our study will suggest an association of COX-2 expression to the factors associated with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma. A positive correlation is expected between larger tumor size, positive lymph node status, higher T stage and N stage and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: Conclusions will be drawn from the obtained results of the immunohistochemical study by using COX-2- for detection of overexpression of COX-2 when evaluated with TNM staging, histological grading and molecular types of breast cancer.
Congruency-Constrained TU Problems Beyond the Bimodular Case
Authors: Nägele Martin , Santiago Richard , Zenklusen Rico 
Published: August 2023

A long-standing open question in integer programming is whether integer programs with constraint matrices with bounded subdeterminants are efficiently solvable. An important special case thereof are congruency-constrained integer programs [Formula: see text] with a totally unimodular constraint matrix T. Such problems are shown to be polynomial-time solvable for m = 2, which led to an efficient algorithm for integer programs with bimodular constraint matrices, that is, full-rank matrices whose n × n subdeterminants are bounded by two in absolute value. Whereas these advances heavily rely on existing results on well-known combinatorial problems with parity constraints, new approaches are needed beyond the bimodular case, that is, for m > 2. We make first progress in this direction through several new techniques. In particular, we show how to efficiently decide feasibility of congruency-constrained integer programs with a totally unimodular constraint matrix for m = 3 using a randomized algorithm. Furthermore, for general m, our techniques also allow for identifying flat directions of infeasible problems and deducing bounds on the proximity between solutions of the problem and its relaxation. Funding: This project received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grants 200021_184622 and P500PT_206742], the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [Grant 817750], and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–GZ 2047/1 [Grant 390685813].
ULTRA: Unlimited Transfers for Efficient Multimodal Journey Planning
Authors: Baum Moritz , Buchhold Valentin , Sauer Jonas , Wagner Dorothea , Zündorf Tobias 
Published: August 2023

We study a multimodal journey planning scenario consisting of a public transit network and a transfer graph that represents a secondary transportation mode (e.g., walking, cycling, e-scooter). The objective is to compute Pareto-optimal journeys with respect to arrival time and the number of used public transit trips. Whereas various existing algorithms can efficiently compute optimal journeys in either a pure public transit network or a pure transfer graph, combining the two increases running times significantly. Existing approaches, therefore, typically only support limited walking between stops by either imposing a maximum transfer distance or requiring the transfer graph to be transitively closed. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel preprocessing technique called unlimited transfers (ULTRA): given an unlimited transfer graph, which may represent any non–schedule based transportation mode, ULTRA computes a small number of transfer shortcuts that are provably sufficient for computing a Pareto set of optimal journeys. These transfer shortcuts can be integrated into a variety of state-of-the-art public transit algorithms, establishing the ULTRA-query algorithm family. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that ULTRA improves these algorithms from limited to unlimited transfers without sacrificing query speed. This is true not just for walking, but also for faster transfer modes, such as bicycle or car. Compared with the state of the art for multimodal journey planning, the fastest ULTRA-based algorithm achieves a speedup of an order of magnitude. Funding: This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant WA 654/23-2]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0198 .
Parental experiences of the impacts of Covid-19 on the care of young children; qualitative interview findings from the Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums (NECS) project
Authors: Hughes Robert C. , Muendo Ruth , Bhopal Sunil S. , Onyango Silas , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth , Kirkwood Betty R. , Hill Zelee , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
The Covid-19 pandemic, and societal attempts to control it, have touched almost every aspect of people’s lives around the world, albeit in unequal ways. In particular, there is considerable concern about the way that stringent ‘lockdowns’, as implemented in Kenya and many other countries, affected young children, especially those living in informal settlements. However, to date, there has been little research attempting to unpack and understand how the pandemic has impacted on the care of young children.

Methods
In-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 21 parents/carers of children aged under five years living in three Nairobi slums between May and September 2021 exploring the ways in which Covid-19, and policies to control the pandemic, impacted on their household and the care of their child/children.

Results
The impacts of Covid-19 control measures on the care of children have been widely felt, deep and multiple. The impact of economic hardship has been significant, reportedly undermining food security and access to services including healthcare and childcare. Respondents reported an associated increase in domestic and community violence. Many people relied on help from others; this was most commonly reported to be in the form of variable levels of flexibility from landlords and help from other community members. No direct harms from Covid-19 disease were reported by respondents.

Conclusion
The impacts of Covid-19 control measures on the care of young children in informal settlements have been indirect but dramatic. Given the breadth and depth of these reported impacts, and the particular vulnerability of young children, deeper consideration ought to inform decisions about approaches to implementation of stringent disease control measures in future. In addition, these findings imply a need for both short- and long-term policy responses to ameliorate the impacts described.
Utilization of immediate post-partum long acting reversible contraceptives and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia: An institutional based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wudineh Kihinetu Gelaye , Desalegn Sisay , Ewunetu Mesafint , Shiferaw Shumiye 
Published: August 2023

Background
An immediate postpartum period is a good opportunity to utilize immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives for women whom they want to delay pregnancy. Long-acting reversible contraceptive methods like intrauterine device, Jaddel and implants can improve maternal and newborn health by preventing unintended pregnancy. Despite on their advantage, evidence on its utilization and associated factors is limited in our study area.Ethiopia. This study assessed the utilization of immediate postpartum long acting reversible contraceptives and its associated factors among mothers who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022.

Method
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 study participants to assess the immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive utilization and its associated factors from August 30- September 25, 2022. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was entered into epi-data version 4.6 and analysis was performed by using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. All statistical tests were significant at P-value < 0.05.

Result
A total of 417 postpartum women were participated in the study making a response rate of 99.3%. Of the total study participants, 30.7% [95% CI (26.1, 35.3)] utilized immediate postpartum family planning. Women at the age of 25–34 years (AOR = 3.228[95% CI: 1.140–9.136]), had discussion with their partners about family planning (AOR = 1.891[95% CI: 1.003, 3.565]), received counseling about immediate post-partum long acting reversible contraceptive (AOR = 3.146 [95% CI: 1.489, 6.647]), had positive attitude towards immediate post postpartum long acting reversible contraceptive (AOR = 3 [95% CI: 1.770–5.648]) were associated with utilization of immediate post-partum long acting reversible contraceptive.

Conclusion and recommendation
Almost one in three women delivering in health facilities of Addis Ababa Ethiopia started using immediate post-partum long acting reversible contraceptives. Discussion about contraception with partners, getting counseling about family planning on antenatal care, attitude toward contraception and the age of women were all factors that could increase IPPLARC uptake. Healthcare providers clarify any rumors about contraceptives to assure a positive and supportive attitude to increase its uptake.