bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Изменение трудового поведения населения старшего возраста в 2018–2023 гг.
Authors: Ляшок В.Ю. 
Published: January 2025

В статье на основании данных обследования рабочей силы анализируется как население старшего возраста изменило свое поведение на российском рынке труда в течение последних нескольких лет. Показано, что с 2018 г. существенно вырос уровень участия в составе рабочей силы, в первую очередь у 60–64-летних мужчин — на 16,9 п. п., и у 55–59-летних женщин — на 17,0 п. п. В результате средний возраст выхода с рынка труда увеличился за тот же период на 2–3 года. В результате только за счет роста экономической активности в старших возрастах численность рабочей силы за период 2018–2023 гг. выросла на 2,5 млн человек, что является значимым приращением на фоне растущего дефицита рабочей силы. Такие изменения были вызваны комплексом причин. Наиболее значимым фактором стала пенсионная реформа 2018 г., повысившая пенсионный возраст для большинства категорий работающего населения в России. Другим последствием такой реформы стало повышение доли пенсионеров по инвалидности, во многом вызванное особенностями российского пенсионного законодательства. Также важным факто- ром являлся дефицит рабочей силы, вынуждавший работодателей удерживать работников старших возрастов на предприятиях. Наконец, определенное влияние могла оказать пандемия COVID-19 в 2020–2021 гг. Ключевые слова: рабочая сила, дефицит рабочей силы, повышение пенсионного возраста, занятость лиц старшего возраста, безработица, средний возраст выхода с рынка труда.
Based on the data from the labor force survey, the article analyzes how the older population changed its behavior in the Russian labor market over the past few years. It is shown that since 2018, the level of participation in the labor force increased significantly, primarily for 60–64-year-old men — by 16.9 percentage points, and for 55–59-year-old women — by 17.0 percentage points. As a result, the average age of exit from the labor market increased by 2–3 years over the same period. As a result, only due to the growth of economic activity in older ages, the number of workers increased by 2.5 million people over the period 2018–2023, which is a significant increase against a growing shortage of labor. Such changes were apparently caused by a complex of reasons. The most significant factor was the pension reform of 2018, which postponed the retirement age for most categories of the working population in Russia. Another consequence of such a reform was an increase in the share of disability pensioners, largely caused by the peculiarities of Russian pension legislation. Another important factor was the shortage of labor, which forced employers to retain older workers at enterprises. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic could have a certain effect.
Оценка дополнительности программ двухуровневой системы поддержки субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в России
Authors: Бакайкина А.В. 
Published: January 2025

Необходимость оптимизации работы государственных институтов развития, в том числе в условиях действующей санкционной политики, приводит к важности решения задач количественного определения последствий от реализации государственных программ поддержки. Данная работа посвящена оценке наиболее важного с точки зрения «теории изменений» эффекта — экономической дополнительности, отражающего влияние участия компаний в программах государственной поддержки на показатели их хозяйственной деятельности. В настоящей работе рассматривались три наиболее крупные программы поддержки субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в России: льготные кредиты, частичные гарантии и гибридный инструмент (комбинация 100%-ной гарантии со льготным фондированием от Банка России), реализуемые при активном участии федеральных и региональных государственных институтов развития с использованием двухуровневого механизма. Экономическая дополнительность в работе рассчитана на основе алгоритма подбора и среднего эффекта воздействия на объекты экспериментальной группы. Проведенный ана- лиз показал, что участие во всех программах приводило к росту выручки компаний в среднем на 9,5–15,9% в течение одного года и на 7,3–9,6% в течение двух лет с момента получения финансовой помощи. Однако если участники гарантийных программ развивались преимущественно за счет наращивания запасов, то получатели льготных кредитов демонстрировали более устойчивую траекторию роста. Полученные выводы были дополнительно подтверждены результатами оценки эффектов методом «разность разностей».
The need to optimize the tasks performed by the state development institutions, considering the current sanctions policy, leads to the need to emphasize the importance of quantifying the effects of implementing state support programs. This work is devoted to assessing economic additionality — one the most important effect from the point of view of the “theory of change”, reflecting the impact of companies’ participation in government support programs on their economic performance. The three largest support programs for small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia were considered: preferential loans, partial and hybrid instrument (100% guarantee with preferential funding from the Bank of Russia), implemented with the active participation of federal and regional state development institutions using a two-tier mechanism. The economic additionality in this study is assessed using the matching algorithm and the average treatment effect on the treated. The analysis showed that participation in all the programs led to an increase in company revenue by an average of 9.5–15.9% within one year and by 7.3–9.6% within two years. However, participants in guarantee programs are developing by increasing inventories, while recipients of preferential loans demonstrate a more stable growth trajectory. The findings were also confirmed by the results of difference-in-differences method.
Optimizing Energy Output for Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter System at Pantai Baron, Gunung Kidul, DI Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Aries Taufiq , Budiman Arief , Budiarto Rachmawan , Prasetyo Ridwan Budi 
Published: January 2025

The prototypes of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) system constructed by BPPT at Pantai Baron, Gunung Kidul, in 2005 and 2006 were not sustainable. Based on its condition and location, the root cause of the problem was defined. Maximizing the total efficiency and capacity factor (Cf) of the OWC system was the main factor for optimizing energy output. Collecting factors that constructed the total efficiency and capacity factor of the OWC system was conducted. Selecting the appropriate turbine, generator, and chamber system led to an increase in the total efficiency of the OWC system. Reducing the effect of wave diffraction, finding optimum wave data for forecasting, finding optimum water depth area to avoid wave breaking area, reducing corrosion chance by selecting the optimum height of the OWC system, and using a control system to minimize stalling on turbine were factors that constructed capacity factor
Statistical literacy and awareness as strategic success factors of a national statistical office – the case of Statistics Finland
Authors: Helenius Reija , Mikkelä Heli 
Published: January 2025

Reliable statistical information is essential for describing social phenomena and development. In addition to producing reliable, relevant, coherent, timely and understandable statistical information, national statistical institutes should pay special attention to user support, statistical awareness and statistical literacy. Increase in statistical literacy and awareness also enhances the influence of statistical information, and builds and maintains the legitimacy of official statistics in society. This article provides two insights into statistical literacy: what kinds of platforms and arenas do statistical offices have for increasing statistical literacy, and what kinds of connections are there between statistical literacy in society and the legitimacy of official statistics. First, the concepts of publicity, legitimacy and statistical awareness are discussed from the perspective of a national statistical office. Second, the general idea of releasing statistical data as well as some examples of co-operation with various user groups – the media, educational institutes, members of parliament and citizens – are also described. The benefits gained and topics for future development are discussed.
The Concept of the Meeting Point of Hisab and Rukyat of the Beginning of the Hijri Month
Authors: Sakirman Sakirman , Jamil A 
Published: January 2025

The determination of the beginning of the lunar month still leaves debates in various criteria used by the hisab and rukyat methods. The debate leads to differences in starting and ending the beginning of the lunar month which is loaded with the implementation of worship. Conceptually, both hisab and rukyat can be analogized in a side of the coin. Both will not conflict if studied with the correct methodology. The debate on the criteria in the hishab and rukyat methods that occurs on the surface is due to grassroots friction that does not understand the two methods. This study examines how
Neurophysiological and Cognitive Changes Induced by the Acute Head-Down Tilt
Authors: Sharma Monika , Gaur Savita , Pawar Harsh , Yadav Neha , Thondala Bhanuteja , Kumar Sanjeev , Kishore Krishna , Ray Koushik , Panjwani Usha 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: In space, under weightlessness conditions, human brain activity is changed due to the shifting of body fluid and blood toward the cephalic region. This shifting leads to changes in cerebral hemodynamics and, consequently, neurophysiological function, which impacts mental functions like cognition and decision-making capabilities of space travelers. The present study reports the effect of acute exposure to simulated microgravity on cognitive functions and event-related potentials.
METHODS: There were 18 healthy human subjects who participated in a 1-h 6° head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest to simulate physiological conditions during microgravity. Subjects were instructed to perform event-related potential tasks and cognitive tasks with a simulator sickness questionnaire to evaluate their performance, attention, and alertness during weightlessness, at baseline, after microgravity exposure, and after a recovery of 30 min.
RESULTS: A significant change was found in the latency of P300 as compared to the baseline. The amplitude of the P300 wave was changed during HDT. The mean reaction time of contingent negative variation increased significantly as compared to the baseline. A significant increase in choice reaction time was observed during HDT vs. baseline. The values recovered partially after 30 min of exposure.
DISCUSSION: It was concluded that simulated microgravity impacts mental functions as evidenced by alterations in choice reaction time and event-related potential latencies and reaction time. The study has applied value for understanding neurophysiological responses and optimization of cognitive performance in space conditions.
Sharma M, Gaur S, Pawar H, Yadav N, Thondala B, Kumar S, Kishore K, Ray K, Panjwani U. Neurophysiological and cognitive changes induced by the acute head-down tilt. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):45–52.
Cognitive and Emotional Impacts of Face Pareidolia Application Among Pilot Students
Authors: Akdeniz Gülsüm , Yilmaz Halil Eren , Geza Husi 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Metaphoric signs, which refer to a resemblance to something absent, are, like pareidolia, strong cognitive tools that help us understand abstract concepts by relating them to concrete, sensory experiences, and these have not been studied in student pilots. Evaluating the characteristics of students in aviation, including sensory experiences such as stress, decision-making, and pattern recognition, is important for safe flight. This study aims to investigate the cognitive and emotional impacts of face pareidolia among pilot students by using the digital Pareidolia Test (PT).
METHODS: Subjects were 86 students from the Professional Pilot B.Sc. Program. PT includes 10 face and 10 pareidolia images. The number of European Aviation Safety Agency flight and simulator training hours, stress levels, and perceiving emotion in the pareidolia and face images were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to test normality, and the Chi-squared test was used to analyze differences.
RESULTS: Results indicated significant differences in perceiving emotion in facial images based on stress levels from flight training from faculty courses (N = 42/86, 49.9%), and perceiving faces in pareidolia images related to flight simulator training hours. Perceiving emotions in pareidolia images varied significantly based on the number of European Aviation Safety Agency tests, but perceiving faces on pareidolia images did not show significant differences.
DISCUSSION: We claim that incorporating pareidolia in aviation training enhances pilots’ pattern recognition abilities, facilitating more accurate decision-making. The research recommends using the new digital PT in professions that require attention, such as pilots, to evaluate these parameters.
Akdeniz G, Yilmaz HE, Geza H. Cognitive and emotional impacts of face pareidolia application among pilot students. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):18–22.
Medical Consequences After a Fume Event in Commercial Airline Crews
Authors: Klerlein Michel , Dubiez Lena 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Many questions are still being asked about the actual health effects of exposure to a fume event for airline crewmembers. To shed new light on this controversy about so-called aerotoxic syndrome, we undertook a large-scale epidemiological study.
METHODS: We present a retrospective cohort study involving 14,953 crewmembers, including 2577 exposed to a fume event and 12,376 matched controls to estimate the hazard ratio of a subsequent sickness.
RESULTS: Prevalence of diseases that could be related to the fume event based on “possible” or “probable” level and date of occurrence after the fume event was for exposed (controls): neurological 2.9% (2.9%), psychiatric 2.5% (2.4%), vegetative 1.8% (1.5%), irritative 5.1% (4.5%), and functional 2.8% (3.2%). Differences were not significant. Incidences of having any related disease are estimated at 1552 per 100,000 person-years for exposed and 1497 per 100,000 person-years for controls, with a nonsignificant hazard ratio of 1.04 (0.86–1.25) in the Cox model. A subset of 2577 matched pairs exposed/control allowing specific statistical tests for paired data confirmed the lack of difference between exposed and controls: matched-pair risk ratio for any fume event related disease was 1.07 (0.85–1.34).
DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that fume events are not associated with significant clinical consequences for cabin and cockpit crew. This work does not support the proposal of an “aerotoxic syndrome” in association with exposure to fume events.
Klerlein M, Dubiez L. Medical consequences after a fume event in commercial airline crews. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):12–17.
The Feeling of Fatigue Scale for Brazilian Fighter Pilots
Authors: Ferreira Diogo Milioli , Morisco de Sá Paula , Ferreira Daniela Bittencourt 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Fighter pilots are a population particularly vulnerable to developing mental fatigue, which puts the safety of military operations at risk. Although there is no gold standard tool for its assessment, Yoshitake’s Feeling of Fatigue Scale (FFS) appears promising for application to fighter pilots as it has already been validated for Brazilian commercial airline pilots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FFS in Brazilian fighter pilots.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out between March–August 2023, with 58 fighter pilots operating F-5M and JAS 39E aircraft. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the FFS, and the Samn-Perelli Scale were applied in two moments with a maximum interval of 7 d between them. The reliability/reproducibility and agreement of the instrument were evaluated using Cronbach’s α, Cohen’s κ test (for categorical variables), and the intraclass correlation coefficient for numerical variables in the test-retest. Criterion validation was carried out using the Samn-Perelli Scale. Data were also analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software, version 25.0.
RESULTS: The instrument presents good reliability, being suitable for evaluating the domains of drowsiness [a = 0.840, F = 6.241, confidence interval (CI): 0.576–0.827], concentration (a = 0.907, F = 10.739, CI: 0.726–0.894) and physical discomfort (a = 0.747, F = 3.948, CI: 0.385–0.730). The criterion validity analysis showed that the FFS is valid and accurate for assessing mental fatigue in Brazilian fighter pilots.
DISCUSSION: The psychometric properties of the FFS are suitable for assessing mental fatigue in this population.
Milioli Ferreira D, Morisco de Sá P, Bittencourt Ferreira D. The Feeling of Fatigue Scale for Brazilian fighter pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):39–44.
High-dose ascorbic acid synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Kim Hak Su , Kwon Seung-hyun , Choi Ok Kyung , Lim Taekyu 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) confer significant survival benefits to patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there remains a substantial unmet need to identify therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance and provide benefits to these patients. High-dose ascorbic acid (AA) acts synergistically with many standard anticancer treatments. However, little is known about the effect of high-dose AA on improving the efficacy of anti-PD1 inhibitors in NSCLC. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of high-dose AA on anti-PD1 immunotherapy in NSCLC.MethodsThe combined effects of high-dose AA and anti-PD1 were investigated using a coculture model of H460 cells and CD8+ T cells and an LLC1 lung cancer syngeneic mouse model. To investigate the molecular mechanism, tumor tissues from mice were analyzed by comprehensive proteomic profiling using nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS.ResultsPretreatment with a high dose of AA led to enhanced the sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells derived from healthy donor for H460 cells. Additionally, the combination of anti-PD1 and high-dose AA significantly increased CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in H460 cells. The combination of anti-PD1 and high-dose AA showed dramatic antitumor effects in a syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer by significantly reducing tumor growth and increasing CD8+ T cell-dependent cytotoxicity and macrophage activity. Comprehensive protein analysis confirmed that high-dose AA in anti-PD1-treated tumor tissues enhanced the antitumor effects by regulating various immune-related mechanisms, including the B cell and T cell receptor signaling pathways, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity.DiscussionOur results suggest that high-dose AA may be a promising adjuvant to potentiate the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
Toxin-antitoxin genes are differentially expressed in Escherichia coli relA and spoT mutans cultured under nitrogen, fatty acid, or carbon starvation conditions
Authors: Maciąg-Dorszyńska Monika , Olszewski Paweł , Karczewska Monika , Boss Lidia 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe stringent response is one of the fundamental mechanisms that control and modulate bacterial adaptation to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. The accumulation of stringent response effectors, (p)ppGpp, causes differential expression of approximately 500 genes, including genes of bacterial endogenous toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. However, the exact link between (p)ppGpp and toxin-antitoxin systems’ activation, as well as toxin-antitoxin role in stress adaptation remains disputed.MethodsIn this study, we performed a complex analysis of changes (RNA-Seq) in the toxin-antitoxin operons’ transcription in response to nitrogen, fatty acid, or carbon starvation, in bacteria with different abilities of (p)ppGpp accumulation.Results and discussionAlthough we observed that in some cases (p)ppGpp accumulation appears to be crucial for transcriptional activation of TA genes (e.g., ghoST, ryeA), our data indicates that the general pattern of chromosomally encoded TA gene expression in E. coli differs depending on the nutrient distribution in the environment, regardless of the alarmone accumulation.
Implementation and improvement of policies for building healthy cities in China
Authors: Wang Quansheng , Han Guoqing , Huang Lansong 
Published: January 2025

Background and purposeWith the promotion of the World Health Organization, China has also launched a healthy city construction campaign. However, healthy city construction needs to formulate a series of policies. How can the current healthy city policy in China be further improved to provide a policy basis for healthy city construction?Materials and methodsCollected here are policy texts from the Central People’s Government and local government of the People’s Republic of China on healthy cities from 2009 to 2023. This paper adopts the policy tool analysis method to design a two-dimensional analysis framework of the “policy tool-construction domain.” There are three types of policy tools: demand-oriented, supply-oriented, and environmental-oriented. The field of healthy city construction is based on five fields defined by WHO: healthy population, health service, healthy environment, healthy culture, and healthy society. The policy text was coded and analyzed by Nvivo software.ResultsAccording to the coding analysis of policy texts, among the three types of policy tools, supply-oriented policies account for 60.5%, environmental policies account for 29.1%, and demand-oriented policies account for 10.4%. In the five areas of healthy city construction, healthy environment accounted for 23.7%, healthy society accounted for 12.3%, health services accounted for 39.1%, healthy population accounted for 13%, and health culture accounted for 11.9%. From the two-dimensional perspective of policy tools and the field of healthy city construction, the five fields of healthy city construction have different emphases on the application of three different types of policy tools.ConclusionCurrently, the supply-oriented policy, the demand-oriented policy, and the environmental policy tools are used comprehensively in healthy city construction in China. The proportion of supply-oriented policy is high, which emphasizes the government’s intervention and neglects the participation of individuals and social organizations. The use of policy tools is not balanced in the five different areas of healthy city construction, which to some extent limits the effect of policy implementation and strengthens the overall effect of the healthy city construction policy.