bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voids and haloes-in-voids statistics as a probe of the expansion history of the Universe
Authors: Parkavousi Laya , Kameli Hamed , Baghram Shant 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Structures in the Universe are arranged into the cosmic web. Distributions, statistics, and evolutions of the structures can be used as probes for cosmological models. We investigate the number density of voids and dark matter haloes-in-voids in the excursion set theory (EST). We study the Markov and non-Markov frameworks of EST in both spherical and ellipsoidal collapse models. Afterward, we compare the number density of voids and haloes-in-voids in the standard lambda cold dark matter and the reconstructed model. The reconstructed model is a model-independent reconstruction based on background observations. This work explores the effects of the collapse model barrier in the different EST frameworks on the statistics of voids and the statistics of haloes-in-voids. Finally, we find the hint that cosmological models can be distinguished by the number density of haloes-in-voids in the 1.0−2.5 redshift range. The maximum difference is observed in z ∼ 1.9.
Solving the pulsar equation using physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Stefanou Petros , Urbán Jorge F , Pons José A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In this study, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are skilfully applied to explore a diverse range of pulsar magnetospheric models, specifically focusing on axisymmetric cases. The study successfully reproduced various axisymmetric models found in the literature, including those with non-dipolar configurations, while effectively characterizing current sheet features. Energy losses in all studied models were found to exhibit reasonable similarity, differing by no more than a factor of three from the classical dipole case. This research lays the groundwork for a reliable elliptic Partial Differential Equation solver tailored for astrophysical problems. Based on these findings, we foresee that the utilization of PINNs will become the most efficient approach in modelling three-dimensional magnetospheres. This methodology shows significant potential and facilitates an effortless generalization, contributing to the advancement of our understanding of pulsar magnetospheres.
A revised age greater than 50 Myr for the young cluster IC 4665
Authors: Jeffries R D , Jackson R J , Binks A S 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
IC 4665 is one of only a dozen young open clusters with a ‘lithium depletion boundary’ (LDB) age. Using an astrometrically and spectroscopically filtered sample of cluster members, we show that both the positions of its low-mass stars in Gaia absolute colour–magnitude diagrams and the lithium depletion seen among its K- and early M-stars are discordant with the reported LDB age of $32^{+4}_{-5}$ Myr. Re-analysis of archival spectra suggests that the LDB of IC 4665 has not been detected and that the published LDB age should be interpreted as a lower limit. Empirical comparisons with similar data sets from other young clusters with better-established LDB ages indicate that IC 4665 is bracketed in age by the clusters IC 2602 and IC 2391 at 55 ± 3 Myr.
Proteinuria, measured or estimated albuminuria for risk prediction in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Kim Hyoungnae , Hyun Young Youl , Joo Young Su , Yun Hae-Ryong , Kim Yaeni , Jung Ji Yong , Jeong Jong Cheol , Kim Jayoun , Park Jung Tak , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook , Oh Kook-Hwan , Han Seung Hyeok 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Although albuminuria is the gold standard for defining chronic kidney disease (CKD), total proteinuria has also been widely used in real-world clinical practice. Moreover, the superiority of the prognostic performance of albuminuria over proteinuria in patients with CKD remains inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to compare the predictive performances of albuminuria and proteinuria in these patients.

Methods
From the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with CKD we included 2099 patients diagnosed with CKD grades 1–5 who did not require kidney replacement therapy. We measured the spot urine albumin:creatinine ratio (mACR) and protein:creatinine ratio (PCR) and estimated the ACR (eACR) using the PCR. Kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) scores were calculated using the mACR, PCR and eACR. The primary outcome was the 5-year risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT).

Results
The eACR significantly underestimated mACR in patients with low albuminuria levels. The time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristics curve showed excellent predictive performance for all KFRE scores from the mACR, PCR and eACR. However, eACR was inferior to mACR based on the continuous net reclassification index (cNRI) and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) in all CKD cause groups, except for the group with an unclassified aetiology. Moreover, the cNRI and IDI statistics indicated that both eACR and PCR were inferior to mACR in patients with low albuminuria (&lt;30 mg/g). Conversely, the predictive performance of PCR was superior in severe albuminuria and nephrotic-range proteinuria, in which the IDI and cNRI of the PCR were greater than those of the mACR.

Conclusions
The mACR, eACR and PCR showed excellent performance in predicting KFRT in patients with CKD. However, eACR was inferior to mACR in patients with low albuminuria, indicating that measuring rather than estimating albuminuria is preferred for these patients.
Sentiment and the belief in fake news during the 2020 presidential primaries
Authors: Adamo Christopher , Carpenter Jeffrey 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The influence of misinformation on the political decision-making process became a major concern in the United States after the 2016 Presidential election. We study the impact of “fake news” in the 2020 election cycle by conducting an online experiment the day before the “Super Tuesday” primary elections. Respondents attempt to differentiate between fake and true news headlines that vary exogenously with respect to the emotive language in which they are written. In addition to confirming the effect of demographics and identifying a new determinant of beliefs, the illusion of personal objectivity, we find that the sentiment of a headline determines whether it is believed and correctly assessed. We also find that the effects of emotive language vary by political affiliation. These results suggest ways to protect oneself against misinformation and engage critically with the news.
Occupational impacts of early inflammatory arthritis: results from the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit
Authors: Bechman Katie , Cook Emma S , Alveyn Edward , Houssien Abdullah , Stevens Martin , Russell Mark D , Adas Maryam , Amlani-Hatcher Paul , Norton Sam , Lempp Heidi , Ledingham Joanna M , Galloway James B , Walker-Bone Karen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Inflammatory arthritis causes significant work disability. Studies regarding this frequently fail to report important contextual information such as employment type. Our objective was to explore work participation, by gender and occupation type, in early inflammatory arthritis.

Methods
Data are from the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit for 2018–2020. At diagnosis, clinicians collected information on demographics, inflammatory arthritis disease activity, and working status. Participants completed patient-reported outcomes at baseline, 3 months and 12 months, including occupation and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI). Descriptive analyses of work participation and WPAI scores by occupational class at all time points were performed. Regression models were used to examine associations between WPAI score and occupation.

Results
In all, 12 473 people received a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis and reported employment status, among whom 5999 (47%) were in paid work for at least 20 hours/week. At diagnosis, the working cohort had statistically significant lower measures of disease activity (P &lt; 0.001). Occupational data were available for 3694 individuals. At diagnosis, 2793 completed a WPAI; 200 (7.2%) had stopped work and 344 (12.3%) changed jobs because of inflammatory arthritis symptoms. There was a high burden of absenteeism (30%) and presenteeism (40%). Compared with managerial or professional workers, the burden of work disability was greater among those in routine (manual) occupations. During follow-up, 9.4% of WPAI completers stopped work and 14.6% changed roles. Work drop-out occurred almost entirely among people doing routine jobs.

Conclusion
It is easier to retain work in certain employment sectors. Participation in routine jobs is more affected, which may widen health inequalities.
XEN 45 Gel Stent Implantation in Open Angle Glaucoma: 5-Year Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Torbey Julien , Paillard Archibald , Rao Harsha L. , Gillman Kevin , Bravetti Giorgio E. , Mermoud André , Mansouri Kaweh 
Published: September 2023

Précis:
XEN 45 Gel Stent is safe and effective for 3 years. The study results provide useful insight into the outcome of XEN 45 Gel Stent surgery over 5 years in daily clinical practice.

Purpose:
To evaluate 5-year outcomes of XEN 45 gel stent implantation (XEN) in patients with open angle glaucoma.

Methods:
This is a prospective, single-center, interventional study. XEN implantation either alone (XEN) or combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco + XEN) was performed on 170 consecutive eyes (126 patients) with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) or disease progression despite medical treatment. “Complete” surgical success at 60 months was defined as unmedicated IOP ≤15 mm Hg and a relative IOP reduction ≥20% from medicated baseline, while “qualified” success allowed fewer ocular hypotensive medications than at baseline. Other definitions of success with various IOP targets were also analyzed. Secondary outcomes included mean IOP and IOP-lowering medication changes and rates of reoperations.

Results:
Mean age was 78.1±9.2 years, and 70.3% were female. Mean medicated IOP decreased from 19.8±7.7 mm Hg [19.6±7.1 (XEN) vs. 19.8±7.0 mm Hg (Phaco+XEN)] at baseline to 12.6±3.1 mm Hg [12.5± 3.1 (XEN) vs. 12.6±3.1 (Phaco+XEN)] at 5 years (−37.0%; P < 0.001). Medications decreased from 2.0±1.3 [2.0±1.3 (XEN) vs. 2.0±1.3 (Phaco+XEN)] to 0.8±1.1 [0.8±1.1 (XEN) vs. 0.8±1.1 (Phaco + XEN)] (−60%; P<0.001). Needling was performed in 84 eyes (49%), and 19.4% underwent a secondary surgical intervention. Complete success at 3 years was a strong predictor of success at 5 years (odds ratio: 3.06, P<0.01), while needling was associated with higher rates of failure (odds ratio: 3.6, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
At 5 years, XEN gel stent implantation was a safe procedure and achieved clinically meaningful IOP and medication reduction. Success at 3 years is a predictor of success at 5 years. Needling correlates with higher failure rates.
6-Year Efficacy and Safety of iTrack Ab-Interno Canaloplasty as a Stand-Alone Procedure and Combined With Cataract Surgery in Primary Open Angle and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma
Authors: Koerber Norbert , Ondrejka Simon 
Published: September 2023

Précis:
Significant reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of medications are sustained up to 6 years postoperatively for eyes that underwent ab-interno canaloplasty using the iTrack microcatheter, either as a stand-alone procedure or combined with cataract surgery.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of iTrack (Nova Eye Medical Inc.) ab-interno canaloplasty for reducing IOP and the number of glaucoma medications in patients with primary open angle (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

Methods:
A retrospective single-center consecutive case series. Patients were treated with either ab-interno canaloplasty performed as a stand-alone procedure or combined with cataract surgery and were followed for up to 6 years. iTrack was used to circumferentially catheterize and viscodilate the Schlemm canal over 360 degrees. Primary efficacy endpoints included IOP and number of glaucoma medications at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months after surgery.

Results:
Twenty-seven eyes of 22 patients, with a mean age of 76.9±6.3 years, were recruited. Mean IOP was reduced significantly from 19.9±5.2 mm Hg (n=27) at baseline (no washout) to 14.6±3.3 mm Hg at the 6-year follow-up (n=18; P<0.001). The number of medications was significantly reduced from 1.9±1 at baseline to 0.9±0.9 at 6 years (n=18; P=0.005). At all time points, there was no statistical difference between POAG (n=16) and pseudoexfoliative (n=11) eyes, nor between stand-alone procedures (n=4) and those combined with phacoemulsification (n=23). At 72 months, the mean reduction in IOP was 27% while 53% in the number of medications. No serious complications were recorded.

Conclusions:
iTrack ab-interno canaloplasty performed as a stand-alone procedure or in combination with cataract surgery significantly reduced IOP and number of medications in patients with POAG up to 6 years after the procedure. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the longest ab-interno canaloplasty follow-up available in the literature.
The Role of Adenovirus in Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology Among Children in Turkey, July 2022 to January 2023
Authors: Demirbuğa Asuman , Hançerli Törün Selda , Metin-Akcan Özge , Yücel Aylin , Yahşi Aysun , Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Emre Irmak , Öztürk Birol , Kaba Özge , Kutluk Günsel , Tural-Kara Tuğçe , Erbaş İrem Ceren , Özdem-Alataş Şilem , Akça Mehtap , Özgökçe- Özmen Berfin , Aslan Sevgi , Çakici Özlem ,   on behalf of the TURK-Adenovirus Hepatitis Study Group
Published: September 2023

Background:
In the first half of 2022, the increase in cases of severe acute hepatitis in children with no epidemiological link and unknown cause has aroused concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of adenovirus in children with hepatitis of unknown origin in Turkey.

Methods:
In this study, which was conducted with the participation of 16 centers from Turkey, between July 2022 and January 2023, 36 pediatric patients under the age of 18 who met the definition of acute hepatitis were included.

Results:
Twenty (55,6%) of patients were female and 16 (44,4%) were male, with a mean age of 41.55 ± 39.22 (3-192) months. The most common symptoms were fever (66.7%), weakness (66.7%), loss of appetite (66.7%), fatigue (61.1%), vomiting (61.1%), and diarrhea (47.2%). Six (16 %) children had acute hepatic failure. Eight of the 15 children (46%) had respiratory viral infections (rhinovirus/enterovirus, n = 4; rhinovirus + parainfluenza, n = 1; parainfluenza, n = 1, SARS-CoV-2 n = 2). Adenovirus was detected in 16 (44%) patients. Adenovirus and coinfections were detected in 7 patients. History of diarrhea and fatigue in the last month was significantly higher in the adenovirus group (P = 0.023 and 0.018). One child who had both adenovirus and rhinovirus infection required liver transplantation; all others recovered with supportive care.

Conclusion:
There were no deaths in our series; however, the number of cases, etiology, and severity of the clinical course may have differed between countries owing to differences in case definitions, laboratory facilities, or regional genetic differences.
Epidemiology of RSV Bronchiolitis Among Young Children in Central New York Before and After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Daniels Danielle , Wang Dongliang , Suryadevara Manika , Wolf Zachary , Nelson Christopher B. , Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Reichert Heidi , Fryzek Jon P. , Domachowske Joseph B. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalizations among infants in the United States. Unpredictability in RSV seasonality has occurred following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Local surveillance networks can enhance the ability to appropriately time prophylaxis when exposure risk is highest.

Methods:
A retrospective, cohort study was conducted to describe the epidemiologic patterns of RSV disease among outpatient, emergency department and inpatient encounters in children <5 years in Central New York before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Local data were collected from October 2015 to January 2023 and compared to state-level data. Linear regression models were used to identify clinical and sociodemographic differences before and after the pandemic.

Results:
Local variation in RSV seasonality was noted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, however highly atypical circulation patterns appeared in the post-COVID-19 era. Since March 2020, patterns for local and state-defined RSV seasons have remained atypical (local season onset in 2021: week 27 and 2022: week 27; state season onset in 2021: week 31 and 2022: week 38). After adjusting for increases in testing, RSV bronchiolitis cases were not significantly different during pre- and post-pandemic eras. In comparison to the 2021 bronchiolitis season, the 2022 season had a higher proportion of RSV cases despite decreased testing.

Conclusions:
Temporal patterns for RSV have shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Local surveillance networks may be advantageous in trending community-level RSV activity to optimize prophylaxis administration. Changes in RSV testing patterns occurred throughout the study period and should be accounted for when describing infant and childhood RSV disease.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Stimulation Training in People With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: CHANG Chia-Chi , WU Hua-Shan , HONG Chen-Jee , LIU Chieh-Yu , CHEN Chi-Wen , YANG Chiu-Yueh 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Schizophrenia is a chronic degenerative brain disease. Cognitive impairment, the core symptom of this disease, affects the mood and social functioning of patients severely. Nonpharmacological therapies that both improve cognitive function and are suitable for patients with schizophrenia remain underdeveloped.

Purpose
This article was designed to explore the effects of group cognitive stimulation training (GCST) on cognitive function and social function in people with schizophrenia.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. The 76 participants were allocated into either the experimental or control group using blocked randomization. The participants were all patients with chronic schizophrenia recruited from seven rehabilitation units in northern Taiwan who were 20–65 years old and scored 10–25 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Taiwan Version. The experimental group received the 60-minute GCST twice a week for 7 weeks, whereas the control group received standard treatment. All outcome indicators were analyzed at baseline and after intervention using generalized estimating equations. The primary outcome indicators included cognitive function assessed using the Taiwan version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, working memory assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale–Third Edition, and executive function assessed using the Taiwanese version of the Frontal Assessment Battery. The secondary outcome indicator was social function assessed using the Social Function Scale–Taiwan short version.

Results
Generalized estimating equation modeling revealed the experimental group exhibited significant improvement in Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score (B = 1.33, SE = 0.65, p = .040) and Social Function Scale–Taiwan short version (B = 9.55, SE = 2.38, p < .001) after adjusting for nine covariates. No significant differences between the two groups in terms of working memory (B = 4.79, SE = 2.66, p = .071) or executive function (B = 0.53, SE = 0.63, p = .399) were found.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The results indicate that GCST positively impacts overall cognitive and social functions but not higher-order cognitive function (working memory and executive function). In clinical settings, GCST may be applied to improve cognitive function in people with schizophrenia. The findings of this study may inform the practice of mental health nurses to improve cognitive function in patients in clinical care.
Prospective Physician Assistant Student Perspectives on an In-Person vs. Virtual Admissions Interview Process
Authors: Love Elissa , Thompson Kathleen , Elliott Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The pandemic strained many usual methods of communication and training, forcing changes to selection processes for health professions programs. The purpose of this study was to determine, through interviewee feedback, the effectiveness of a virtual interview process when compared with a previous in-person interview process at one physician assistant (PA) program.

Methods
During the pandemic, the PA program adapted to a virtual holistic interview process to include interaction with current students and faculty. The effectiveness of the virtual platform was measured comparatively using the program's existing interviewee evaluation format for previous in-person experiences.

Results
Prepandemic data showed high ratings from interviewees regarding the interview process. Intrapandemic data suggest an interview process can be duplicated in a virtual format without compromising experience and goals of the program.

Conclusions
Through virtual interviews during a pandemic, the PA program mirrored the effectiveness of their previous in-person experience.
Perceived Need for Mental Health Care in a Cohort of Persons With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bernstein Charles N. , Dolovich Casandra , Prichodko Madelaine , Fisk John D. , Graff Lesley A. , Patten Scott B. , Bolton James , Hitchon Carol , Marrie Ruth Ann ,   for the CIHR Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Immune-mediated Inflammatory Disease
Published: September 2023

Background:
Psychiatric comorbidity is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can negatively affect disease outcomes. We explored the perceived need for mental health care among persons with IBD.

Study:
Persons with IBD completed self-report questionnaires, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and reported whether they wanted help with their mood. Each was also assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis-I Disorders (SCIDs). We used logistic regression analyses to determine factors associated with the perceived need for mental health care.

Results:
Of 245 participants, 28% met the criteria for a past diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder by SCID, and nearly 23% met the criteria for a current diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder. One-third (n = 74) reported a perceived need for mental health care. Among those meeting criteria for a current SCID diagnosis of depression or anxiety, only 58% reported needing mental health care. Need for mental health care was reported by 79% of persons currently treated for either depression or 71% treated for anxiety. Persons with a perceived need for mental health care had higher mean HADS for depression and HADS for anxiety scores and also higher IBD symptom activity scores. Of those reporting no perceived need for mental health care, 13% had a current diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder by SCID; even fewer had symptoms of depression or anxiety.

Conclusions:
Symptoms of depression or anxiety are more important than a formal diagnosis of depression or anxiety in predicting which persons with IBD will perceive a need for mental health care.