bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechano-Redox Control of Mac-1 De-Adhesion by PDI Promotes Directional Movement Under Flow
Authors: Dupuy Alexander , Aponte-Santamaría Camilo , Yeheskel Adva , Hortle Elinor , Oehlers Stefan H. , Gräter Frauke , Hogg Philip J. , Passam Freda H. , Chiu Joyce 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Neutrophil migration is critical to the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1; CD11b/CD18, αMβ2) is a leukocyte integrin essential for firm adhesion to endothelial ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and migration of neutrophils in the shear forces of the circulation. PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) has been reported to influence neutrophil adhesion and migration. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of PDI control of Mac-1 affinity for ICAM-1 during neutrophil migration under fluid shear.

Methods:
Neutrophils isolated from whole blood were perfused over microfluidic chips coated with ICAM-1. Colocalization of Mac-1 and PDI on neutrophils was visualized by fluorescently labeled antibodies and confocal microscopy. The redox state of Mac-1 disulfide bonds was mapped by differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry. Wild-type or disulfide mutant Mac-1 was expressed recombinantly in Baby Hamster Kidney cells to measure ligand affinity. Mac-1 conformations were measured by conformation-specific antibodies and molecular dynamics simulations. Neutrophils crawling on immobilized ICAM-1 were measured in presence of oxidized or reduced PDI, and the effect of PDI inhibition using isoquercetin on neutrophil crawling on inflamed endothelial cells was examined. Migration indices in the X- and Y-direction were determined and the crawling speed was calculated.

Results:
PDI colocalized with high-affinity Mac-1 at the trailing edge of stimulated neutrophils when crawling on ICAM-1 under fluid shear. PDI cleaved 2 allosteric disulfide bonds, C169-C176 and C224-C264, in the βI domain of the β2 subunit, and cleavage of the C224-C264 disulfide bond selectively controls Mac-1 disengagement from ICAM-1 under fluid shear. Molecular dynamics simulations and conformation-specific antibodies reveal that cleavage of the C224-C264 bond induces conformational change and mechanical stress in the βI domain. This allosterically alters the exposure of an αI domain epitope associated with a shift of Mac-1 to a lower-affinity state. These molecular events promote neutrophil motility in the direction of flow at high shear stress. Inhibition of PDI by isoquercetin reduces neutrophil migration in the direction of flow on endothelial cells during inflammation.

Conclusions:
Shear-dependent PDI cleavage of the neutrophil Mac-1 C224-C264 disulfide bond triggers Mac-1 de-adherence from ICAM-1 at the trailing edge of the cell and enables directional movement of neutrophils during inflammation.
Effect of COVID-19 on Acute Ischemic Stroke Severity and Mortality in 2020: Results From the 2020 National Inpatient Sample
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Zhou Lily W. , Yaghi Shadi , Frontera Jennifer A. , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
There is a paucity of nationally representative data regarding the impact of COVID-19 on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcome.

Methods:
We created a cross-sectional cohort of nationally weighted National Inpatient Sample nonelective hospital discharges aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2020. The outcome was in-hospital mortality and exposure was COVID-19 status. To understand the effect of COVID-19 on AIS severity, we report National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale by exposure status. In a final analysis, we used a nationally weighted logistic regression and marginal effects to compare April to December 2020 to the same period in 2019 to understand how the pandemic modified the effect of race and ethnicity and median household income on in-hospital AIS mortality.

Results:

We observed significantly higher AIS mortality in 2020 than prior years (2020 versus 2016-19, 7.3% versus 6.3%,
P
<0.001) and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in those with COVID-19 than those without (mean: 9.7±9.1 versus 6.6±7.4,
P
<0.001), but patients with AIS without COVID in 2020 had only marginally higher mortality (2020 versus 2016–2019, 6.6% versus 6.3%,
P
=0.001). Comparing April to December 2020 to 2019, the adjusted risk of in-hospital AIS mortality was most notably increased in Hispanics (2020 versus 2019: 9.2% versus 5.8%,
P
<0.001) and the lowest quartile of income (2020 versus 2019: 8.0% versus 6.0%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In-hospital stroke mortality increased in 2020 in the United States because of comorbid AIS and COVID-19, which had higher stroke severity. The increase in AIS mortality during April-December 2020 was significantly more pronounced in Hispanics and those in the lowest quartile of household income.
Theoretical Analyses of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms on Multimodal Objectives*
Authors: Zheng Weijie , Doerr Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms are successfully applied in many real-world multiobjective optimization problems. As for many other AI methods, the theoretical understanding of these algorithms is lagging far behind their success in practice. In particular, previous theory work considers mostly easy problems that are composed of unimodal objectives.
As a first step towards a deeper understanding of how evolutionary algorithms solve multimodal multiobjective problems, we propose the OneJumpZeroJump problem, a bi-objective problem composed of two objectives isomorphic to the classic jump function benchmark. We prove that the simple evolutionary multiobjective optimizer (SEMO) with probability one does not compute the full Pareto front, regardless of the runtime. In contrast, for all problem sizes n and all jump sizes k∈[4..n2-1], the global SEMO (GSEMO) covers the Pareto front in an expected number of Θ((n-2k)nk) iterations. For k=o(n), we also show the tighter bound 32enk+1±o(nk+1), which might be the first runtime bound for an MOEA that is tight apart from lower-order terms. We also combine the GSEMO with two approaches that showed advantages in single-objective multimodal problems. When using the GSEMO with a heavy-tailed mutation operator, the expected runtime improves by a factor of at least kΩ(k). When adapting the recent stagnation-detection strategy of Rajabi and Witt (2022) to the GSEMO, the expected runtime also improves by a factor of at least kΩ(k) and surpasses the heavy-tailed GSEMO by a small polynomial factor in k. Via an experimental analysis, we show that these asymptotic differences are visible already for small problem sizes: A factor-5 speed-up from heavy-tailed mutation and a factor-10 speed-up from stagnation detection can be observed already for jump size 4 and problem sizes between 10 and 50. Overall, our results show that the ideas recently developed to aid single-objective evolutionary algorithms to cope with local optima can be effectively employed also in multiobjective optimization.
Virtual Reality for Telecollaboration Among Teachers of an Additional Language: Insights from the Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis
Authors: Liaw Meei-Ling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As digital communication technologies advance, newer and more sophisticated cutting-edge ICT tools are being used for telecollaboration, including virtual reality (VR). Researchers have applied different models and approaches of multimodal analysis to understand the specific features of VR on students’ language learning (Dubovi, 2022; Friend & Mills, 2021) and intercultural communication (Rustam et al., 2020). Nevertheless, very little has been done to look into language teacher telecollaboration via VR technologies. This present study recruited student teachers of an additional language (LX) (Dewaele, 2017) from different geographical locations and cultural backgrounds to participate in a project aimed at cultivating their critical views on LX teaching and intercultural communication skills. The participants interacted and discussed LX teaching/learning issues in VR environments. Their interactions were video recorded and analyzed. By applying multimodal (inter)action analysis (MIA) (Norris, 2004) as the analytical framework, this study systematically unpacked the thematical saliencies and significant moments of the participating LX teachers’ intercultural interaction in the three VR meetings. Not only did they take on different approaches when hosting the meetings, but they also shifted attention/awareness during the intercultural communication processes. As communication became complex, they were challenged to overcome differences to reach the goal of collaborative LX teacher intercultural learning. Based on the findings and limitations of the present study, suggestions and caveats for future design and research of intercultural telecollaboration in VR environments are provided.
AR Cinema: Visual Storytelling and Embodied Experiences with Augmented Reality Filters and Backgrounds
Authors: O'Meara Jennifer , Szita Kata 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Through the simultaneous presence of graphically composed and materially existing elements, augmented reality (AR) offers ephemeral digital content that is the result of the momentary and, thus, unrepeatable alignment of a physical body and world and an AR system. Capturing the performative and embodied angles of screen-based AR through a combined film-analytical and cognitive lens, this paper focuses on how interfaces, content, and AR-manipulated bodies serve as apparatus for cinematic composition as well as storytelling and user engagement. Observing interactions with AR filters and backgrounds, we reflect on how users’ bodies and expressions that are mirrored on screen are translated into an immersive digital storyworld that exists in the temporal and spatial context of the AR experience and the related technology. AR filters and backgrounds’ affective quality, thus, lies in bodily control and in the creative act of choosing and moderating body characteristics, postures, and positions in real time in relation to the surrounding digitally manipulated or recorded environment. By moderating the representations of bodies and spaces as well as their interplay, AR users actively shape the visual composition of the on-screen space and, thereby, the visual narrative.
Understanding Maternal Rewards and Their Subtypes between Gender and Culture with Adolescents
Authors: Summers-Gabr Nicole M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The effects of parent rewards on youth outcomes have been studied extensively; however, research has not systematically categorized parent rewards. Centralizing the analysis of rewards within a given study would help compare the prevalence of reward types at superordinate and subordinate levels. Moreover, it could reveal which level is the most effective for assessing cultural group similarities and differences in a globalizing world. Mother-child conversations between European-American (n = 51) and Hispanic-American (n = 44) dyads were transcribed. A content analysis assessed material and social reward talk themes and created new subthemes. A series of 2 (culture) × 2 (gender) ANCOVAs assessed cultural differences in reward talk themes and subthemes. Results revealed the prevalence of certain reward subthemes, like praise, significantly differed by cultural group. In conclusion, investigations with different cultural groups should consider reward talk on a subordinate level rather than superordinate.
Three Men Make a Tiger: The Effect of Consensus Testimony on Chinese and U.S. Children’s Judgments about Possibility
Authors: Nissel Jenny , Li Hui , Cramer Amanda , Woolley Jacqueline D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, we ask whether consensus testimony affects children’s judgments of the possibility of improbable and impossible events. Fifty-six U.S. and Chinese 8-year-olds made possibility judgments before and after hearing three speakers affirm or deny the possibility of improbable and impossible events. Results indicated that whereas both U.S. and Chinese children altered their judgments in the direction of the consensus testimony, this effect was stronger for Chinese children. U.S. children were particularly receptive to consensus for improbable events and when the consensus provided correct information, whereas Chinese children were similarly willing to change their judgment regardless of event type and the validity of the testimony. We propose that the extent of the influence of testimony on possibility judgments varies based on cultural setting. Our findings have potential applications for domains that require evaluation of counterintuitive claims, like religious and scientific education.
Morality is in the Cultural Eye of the Beholder: A Situation Sampling Study
Authors: Matsuo Akiko 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Shweder et al. (1997) proposed the three domains of morality: Autonomy, Community, and Divinity. This study used situation sampling to explore how people from Japan and the U.S. interpret moral transgressions provided in their own and another cultural context. Specifically, the analysis tested whether participants with one cultural background recognize culturally congruent moral transgressions as violations more frequently and feel more harshly towards them than culturally incongruent domains. Furthermore, the extent of evocation caused by the home and another culture was investigated. This study asked 102 Japanese and 168 U.S. participants to judge which domain would be primarily involved in each transgression and to rate their wrongness. Participants showed a higher perceived magnitude of transgressions in culturally valued domains provided by in-group than outside members. Cross-cultural differences in morality and future directions are discussed.
Dangerous Speech: A Cross-Cultural Study of Dehumanization and Revenge
Authors: Kiper Jordan , Lillie Christine , Wilson Richard A. , Knapp Brock , Gwon Yeongjin , Harris Lasana T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dehumanization is routinely invoked in social science and law as the primary factor in explaining how propaganda encourages support for, or participation in, violence against targeted outgroups. Yet the primacy of dehumanization is increasingly challenged by the apparent influence of revenge on collective violence. This study examines critically how various propaganda influence audiences. Although previous research stresses the dangers of dehumanizing propaganda, a recently published study found that only revenge propaganda significantly lowered outgroup empathy. Given the importance of these findings for law and the behavioral sciences, this research augments that recent study with two additional samples that were culturally distinct from the prior findings, showing again that only revenge propaganda was significant. To explore this effect further, we also conducted a facial electromyography (fEMG) among a small set of participants, finding that revenge triggered significantly stronger negative emotions against outgroups than dehumanization.
The R.A.S.H. Mentality of Radicalization
Authors: Lienard Pierre , Moncrieff Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the study of the process of radicalization, precedence has been given to answering ‘how’ questions over the exact qualification of the concept of radicalization itself. What does it mean to be radicalized? What are the cognitive entailments of such state? What are the features that make radicalization recognizable? We rely on a game theoretic model to characterize the essence of what it is to be radicalized. Our model of the radicalized agent’s rational behavior elucidates his construal of typical social transactions. We further propose that the rationality of the radicalized mind entails a cognitive calibration specifying a modality of thought we call the R.A.S.H. mentality. It incorporates a particular risk preference (that action is always optimal) and attitude (that one’s temerity calls for requital) which are both essential aspects of the radicalized mind. The R.A.S.H. mentality throw in a new light core findings of the radicalization literature.
Descriptions of twenty-three new mirine species from Japan, with a key to genera of the tribe Mirini, updating the Japanese fauna (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae)
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Japanese fauna of the plant bug tribe Mirini, now represented by 212 species in 62 genera, is updated. Twenty-three species in six genera including a new genus are proposed herein: Apolygus China (14 spp.), Charagochilus Fieber (2 spp.) Exolygocoris gen. n. (1 sp.), Mermitelocerus Reuter (1 sp.), Neolygus Knight (3 spp.), Polymerus Hahn (1 sp.) and Proboscidocoris Reuter (1 sp.), are described as new to science. Apolygopsis miniacea (Yasunaga & Yasunaga) comb. n. and Argenis takahashii (Yasunaga) comb. n. are transferred from Apolygus and Tinginotum, respectively. Mermitelocerus prasinus Reuter stat. n. and Orientomiris nigripes Yasunaga stat. n., originally described as a subspecies of M. annulipes and O. yaeyamanus, respectively, are upgraded to the species level, based on reevaluation of morphological characters. Apolygus syringae (Kerzhner), which has been regarded as a junior synonym of A. hilaris (Horváth), is reinstated as valid and rediagnosed. A checklist and a key are provided for all known Japanese genera.
“A victim of his obstinate devotion to the cause of the unhappy Armenian race”
Authors: Chrissochoidis Ilias 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The sudden death of Rev. George P. Knapp (1863–1915), head of the American Mission in Bitlis and pioneer investigator of the Armenian genocide, has remained unresolved for over a century. A hitherto ignored deposition from 1919 describes his tragic last days and murder by Turkish gendarmes escorting him to Diarbekir.
On the Foundation and Different Interpretations of Ensemble Sensitivity
Authors: Duc Le , Kawabata Takuya , Hotta Daisuke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In sensitivity analysis, ensemble sensitivity is defined as the regression coefficients resulting from a simple linear regression of changes of a response function on initial perturbations. One of the interpretations for ensemble sensitivity considers this a simplified version of regression-based adjoint sensitivity called univariate ensemble sensitivity whose derivation involves the so-called diagonal approximation. This approximation, which replaces the analysis error covariance matrix by a diagonal matrix with the same diagonal, helps to avoid inversion of the analysis error covariance, but, at the same time causes confusion in understanding and practical application of ensemble sensitivity. However, some authors have challenged such a controversial interpretation by showing that univariate ensemble sensitivity is multivariate in nature, which raises the necessity for the foundation of ensemble sensitivity. In this study, we have tried to resolve the confusion by establishing a robust foundation for ensemble sensitivity without relying on the controversial diagonality assumption. As employed in some studies, we adopt an impact-based definition for ensemble sensitivity by taking into account probability distributions of analysis perturbations. The mathematical results show that standardized ensemble sensitivity carries in itself three important quantities at the same time: 1) standardized changes of the forecast response with one standard deviation changes of individual state variables, 2) correlations between the forecast response and individual state variables, and 3) the most sensitive analysis perturbation. The theory guarantees validity of ensemble sensitivity, demonstrates its multivariate nature, and explains why ensemble sensitivity is effective in practice.
Consideration of the Clinical Diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Tao , Guo Xiao-Tao , Zhou Yi-Cui , Zhou Qian , Wang Yin-Feng 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is characterized by refractory and high recurrence rate. Improper treatment may lead to repeated recurrence and even serious complications, including vision loss, blindness, and intracranial complications. However, AFRS is easy to be misdiagnosed clinically. Objective To ensure early diagnosis, the clinical presentations of patients with AFRS were studied. Methods Data from patients with sinusitis hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) from January 2015 to October 2022 were collected. The patients were divided into three groups; group A patients with AFRS, group B patients suspected of AFRS, and group C patients with fungus ball sinusitis (FBS).We retrospectively analyzed the data using IBM SPSS 19.0 to perform the chi-square test and one-way ANOVA test. Results In total, 35 cases of AFRS, 91 cases of suspected AFRS, and 661 cases of FBS were rediagnosed. Compared with FBS patients, AFRS patients were younger, the total IgE, the percentage of eosinophils and basophils in peripheral blood were higher, and the proportion of patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma or hypo olfactory was higher. It had a higher recurrence rate. These results were also observed in the comparison between suspected AFRS patients and FBS patients, but no significant difference was found in the comparison between suspected AFRS patients and suspected AFRS patients. Conclusions and Significance AFRS may be misdiagnosed due to the low detection of fungi. To ensure early diagnosis, we recommend that patients with clinical, radiological, and laboratory features similar to those of AFRS but without evidence of fungal staining be treated according to the treatment criteria of AFRS.