bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling eye lengths and refractions in the periphery
Authors: Ramamirtham Ramkumar , Akula James D. , Curran Amber‐Lee K. , Szczygiel Justyna , Lancos Annie M. , Grytz Rafael , Ferguson R. Daniel , Fulton Anne B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo create a simplified model of the eye by which we can specify a key optical characteristic of the crystalline lens, namely its power.MethodsCycloplegic refraction and axial length were obtained in 60 eyes of 30 healthy subjects at eccentricities spanning 40° nasal to 40° temporal and were fitted with a three‐dimensional parabolic model. Keratometric values and geometric distances to the cornea, lens and retina from 45 eyes supplied a numerical ray tracing model. Posterior lens curvature (PLC) was found by optimising the refractive data using a fixed lens equivalent refractive index (). Then, was found using a fixed PLC.ResultsEccentric refractive errors were relatively hyperopic in eyes with central refractions ≤−1.44 D but relatively myopic in emmetropes and hyperopes. Posterior lens power, which cannot be measured directly, was derived from the optimised model lens. There was a weak, negative association between derived PLC and central spherical equivalent refraction. Regardless of refractive error, the posterior retinal curvature remained fixed.ConclusionsBy combining both on‐ and off‐axis refractions and eye length measurements, this simplified model enabled the specification of posterior lens power and captured off‐axis lenticular characteristics. The broad distribution in off‐axis lens power represents a notable contrast to the relative stability of retinal curvature.
Pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus: Does it resolve or does it persist after menarche?
Authors: Boero Veronica , Cavalli Riccardo , Caia Carlotta , Berrettini Alfredo , Cetera Giulia Emily , Monti Ermelinda , Barbara Giussy , Albertini Giorgia Carlotta , Restelli Elisa , Libutti Giada , Motta Tiziano , Lazzari Caterina , Vercellini Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough data regarding the rates of remission and progression of the disease are still scarce, it is generally now acknowledged that pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus (pVLS) can persist beyond puberty. Recent studies reveal that this condition may persist in as many as 75% of cases. The present study aims to answer the following query: how does pVLS evolve after menarche?MethodsThis observational retrospective study conducted on premenarchal girls diagnosed with pVLS in our institution between 1990 and 2011 describes 31 patients who returned for multidisciplinary clinical evaluation following menarche.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 14 years. At the post‐menarche clinical examination, patients were classified as follows: 58% were still affected by VLS, 16% presented with a complete remission of disease, and 26% were completely asymptomatic although with persistent clinical signs of VLS.ConclusionsIn our series, pVLS persists following menarche in the majority of patients. These findings suggest the importance of a long‐term follow‐up even among patients who report resolution of symptoms following menarche.
In vivo transepidermal water loss: Validation of a new multi‐sensor open chamber water evaporation system Tewameter TM Hex
Authors: Fluhr Joachim W. , Wiora Georg , Nikolaeva Dessyslava G. , Miséry Laurent , Darlenski Razvigor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInstrumentation technology for transepidermal water loss measurements has not been substantially modified since its introduction by Nilsson in 1977. Recent progress in sensor development allowed a new sensor arrangement using a matrix of 30 sensors. Raw measurement values are processed with spatial statistical analysis. We aimed to compare the new, multi‐sensor probe (Tewameter TM Hex) with the established Tewameter TM 300 probe and to gain reference data for the new parameters of transepidermal energy loss and water vapor concentration on skin.Material and methodsBaseline measurements and repeated measurements on the volar forearm and assessment on eight different anatomical locations were performed on 24 healthy volunteers (both gender) with the TM Hex and the TM 300.ResultsA significant correlation (p < 0.001; R‐coefficient = 0.9) between TM Hex and the TM 300 with a low coefficient of variance (CV) 11% for TM Hex and 19% for TM 300, could be assessed. The CV ranged between 7% (right inner upper arm) and 14% (palms). Average transepidermal heat loss ranged from 12 W/m2 on the lower leg to 38.8 W/m2 on the palm.ConclusionThe correlation between TM Hex and TM 300 along with the robustness of the measurements with the TM Hex shows that the new probe for assessment of epidermal barrier function is comparable to the TM 300. In most conditions, TM Hex provides more accurate measurements than TM 300. New parameters open the field to studying skin's water and energy balance.
Institutions and incarceration: The role of economic freedom at the MSA level
Authors: Dove John A. , Dove Laura R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluate the relationship between economic freedom and incarceration at the U.S. metropolitan statistical area level.MethodWe use economic freedom data at the metropolitan statistical area unit and local incarceration data from the Vera Institute in 5‐year intervals from 1977 through 2017.ResultsOur evidence suggests that greater economic freedom is associated with lower rates of incarceration in jails for the overall population. The channel tends to be through both the first and second economic freedom components (“size of government” and “taxation,” respectively). Finally, the results for juvenile incarcerated populations are largely driven by labor market freedoms.ConclusionTo the extent that reducing incarceration rates continue to be viewed as a positive outcome in line with recent trends, this study suggests that promoting laws and policies aimed at enhancing economic freedom could be an avenue to advancing that goal. For proponents, this policy implication has the rare advantage of bipartisan appeal.
The effect of financial inclusion on urban population in Ghana
Authors: Adabor Opoku , Mintah Kwabena , Amankwah Ernest 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGhana has witnessed rapid urban population growth over the past decades, which has led to vast environmental, settlement, human, and ecological issues. It is therefore extremely important to examine the factors that influence urban population growth in Ghana to provide policy directions for policymakers.ObjectivesThe article examines the impact of financial inclusion on urban population growth using three different measures of financial inclusion.MethodsWe applied the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to historical time‐series data covering the period of 1960 to 2020.ResultsThe estimates from the ARDL model show that financial inclusion exerts a positive effect on urban population growth. Specifically, the findings confirm that financial knowledge, usage, and availability of financial services contribute significantly to urban population growth over time.ConclusionThe findings in this study suggest that government and financial institutions should utilize various channels to increase financial knowledge, usage and availability of financial services among individuals living in deprived areas where there are a limited number of financial institutions.
Effects of case management based on preventing falls in older people: A systematic review
Authors: Candanedo Maria Juana Beatriz Lima , Gramani‐Say Karina , Gerassi Renata Carolina , Janducci Ana Luisa , Florido João Vitor Businaro , Alberto Silsam Napolitano , Rossi Paulo Giusti , Ansai Juliana Hotta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls among older adults can lead to negative consequences with physical, functional, social, and psychological functioning, and a high prevalence of mortality. However, it is still unclear whether case management can reduce the number of falls in this population.AimsThe aims of this review were to analyze the effects of case management on preventing falls and reducing risk factors for falls in older people.MethodsA systematic review was conducted, searching for and synthesizing clinical trials involving case management in older people who had falls or risk for fall outcomes. Two authors extracted data using predefined data fields, and risk of bias was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the final review. Case management in older people did not significantly reduce the number of falls, falls per person, or severity of falls compared to control groups. Adherence to recommendations in case management ranged from 25% to 88%.Linking Evidence to ActionThere is limited evidence of reduced rates of falls and specific risk factors for falls among people who received case management interventions. Randomized trials with good quality are needed.
Mayer–Vietoris squares in algebraic geometry
Authors: Hall Jack , Rydh David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider various notions of Mayer–Vietoris squares in algebraic geometry. We use these to generalize a number of gluing and push out results of Moret‐Bailly, Ferrand–Raynaud, Joyet and Bhatt. An important intermediate step is Gabber's rigidity theorem for henselian pairs, which our methods give a new proof of.
Magnesium sulphate reduces tertiary gliosis but does not improve EEG recovery or white or grey matter cell survival after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep
Authors: Galinsky Robert , Dhillon Simerdeep K. , Kelly Sharmony B. , Wassink Guido , Davidson Joanne O. , Lear Christopher A. , van den Heuij Lotte G. , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaternal magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) treatment is widely recommended before preterm birth for neuroprotection. However, this is controversial because there is limited evidence that MgSO4 provides long‐term neuroprotection. Preterm fetal sheep (104 days gestation; term is 147 days) were assigned randomly to receive sham occlusion with saline infusion (n = 6) or i.v. infusion with MgSO4 (n = 7) or vehicle (saline, n = 6) from 24 h before hypoxia–ischaemia induced by umbilical cord occlusion until 24 h after occlusion. Sheep were killed after 21 days of recovery, for fetal brain histology. Functionally, MgSO4 did not improve long‐term EEG recovery. Histologically, in the premotor cortex and striatum, MgSO4 infusion attenuated post‐occlusion astrocytosis (GFAP+) and microgliosis but did not affect numbers of amoeboid microglia or improve neuronal survival. In the periventricular and intragyral white matter, MgSO4 was associated with fewer total (Olig‐2+) oligodendrocytes compared with vehicle + occlusion. Numbers of mature (CC1+) oligodendrocytes were reduced to a similar extent in both occlusion groups compared with sham occlusion. In contrast, MgSO4 was associated with an intermediate improvement in myelin density in the intragyral and periventricular white matter tracts. In conclusion, a clinically comparable dose of MgSO4 was associated with moderate improvements in white and grey matter gliosis and myelin density but did not improve EEG maturation or neuronal or oligodendrocyte survival.
imageKey points
Magnesium sulphate is widely recommended before preterm birth for neuroprotection; however, there is limited evidence that magnesium sulphate provides long‐term neuroprotection.
In preterm fetal sheep exposed to hypoxia–ischaemia (HI), MgSO4 was associated with attenuated astrocytosis and microgliosis in the premotor cortex and striatum but did not improve neuronal survival after recovery to term‐equivalent age, 21 days after HI.
Magnesium sulphate was associated with loss of total oligodendrocytes in the periventricular and intragyral white matter tracts, whereas mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes were reduced to a similar extent in both occlusion groups. In the same regions, MgSO4 was associated with an intermediate improvement in myelin density.
Functionally, MgSO4 did not improve long‐term recovery of EEG power, frequency or sleep stage cycling.
A clinically comparable dose of MgSO4 was associated with moderate improvements in white and grey matter gliosis and myelin density but did not improve EEG maturation or neuronal or oligodendrocyte survival.
Extremely low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity of sustainable carbon­ceramic electrospun nonwoven materials
Authors: Liao Xiaojian , Denk Jakob , Tran Thomas , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Benker Lothar , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Schafföner Stefan , Retsch Markus , Greiner Andreas , Motz Günter , Agarwal Seema 
Published: March 2023

Materials with an extremely low thermal and high electrical conductivity that are easy to process, foldable, and nonflammable are required for sustainable applications, notably in energy converters, miniaturized electronics, and high-temperature fuel cells. Given the inherent correlation between high thermal and high electrical conductivity, innovative design concepts that decouple phonon and electron transport are necessary. We achieved this unique combination of thermal conductivity 19.8 ± 7.8 mW/m/K (cross-plane) and 31.8 ± 11.8 mW/m/K (in-plane); electrical conductivity 4.2 S/cm in-plane in electrospun nonwovens comprising carbon as the matrix and silicon-based ceramics as nano-sized inclusions with a sea-island nanostructure. The carbon phase modulates electronic transport for high electrical conductivity, and the ceramic phase induces phonon scattering for low thermal conductivity by excessive boundary scattering. Our strategy can be used to fabricate the unique nonwoven materials for real-world applications and will inspire the design of materials made from carbon and ceramic.
Identifying opportunities for upstream evaluations relevant to child and maternal health: a UK policy-mapping review
Authors: Stewart Emma , Pearce Anna , Given Joanne , Gilbert Ruth , Brophy Sinead , Cookson Richard , Hardelid Pia , Harron Katie L , Leyland Alastair , Wood Rachael , Dundas Ruth 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveInterventions to tackle the social determinants of health can improve outcomes during pregnancy and early childhood, leading to better health across the life course. Variation in content, timing and implementation of policies across the 4 UK nations allows for evaluation. We conducted a policy-mapping review (1981–2021) to identify relevant UK early years policies across the social determinants of health framework, and determine suitable candidates for evaluation using administrative data.MethodsWe used open keyword and category searches of UK and devolved Government websites, and hand searched policy reviews. Policies were rated and included using five criteria: (1) Potential for policy to affect maternal and child health outcomes; (2) Implementation variation across the UK; (3) Population reach and expected effect size; (4) Ability to identify exposed/eligible group in administrative data; (5) Potential to affect health inequalities. An expert consensus workshop determined a final shortlist.Results336 policies and 306 strategy documents were identified. Policies were mainly excluded due to criteria 2–4, leaving 88. The consensus workshop identified three policy areas as suitable candidates for natural experiment evaluation using administrative data: pregnancy grants, early years education and childcare, and Universal Credit.ConclusionOur comprehensive policy review identifies valuable opportunities to evaluate sociostructural impacts on mother and child outcomes. However, many potentially impactful policies were excluded. This may lead to the inverse evidence law, where there is least evidence for policies believed to be most effective. This could be ameliorated by better access to administrative data, staged implementation of future policies or alternative evaluation methods.
Robotically assisted deployment of flow diverter stents for the treatment of cerebral and cervical aneurysms
Authors: Chivot Cyril , Bouzerar Roger , Peltier Johann , Lefranc Michel , Yzet Thierry 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDespite the growing sophistication of robot-assisted surgery, it is necessary to demonstrate that robots can reliably perform complex procedures on site and then remotely. Although a flow diverter stent is one of the most effective and widely used devices, its placement is sometimes challenging.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of the CorPath GRX robotic platform for the embolization of cerebral and cervical aneurysms using flow diverter stents.MethodsWe performed a single-center technical study of the first 10 flow diverter stent deployments with the CorPath GRX Robotic System (Corindus Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms between April and October 2022.ResultsTen patients underwent robot-assisted embolization with flow diverter stents: there were nine intracranial aneurysms (paraclinoid n=6; posterior communicating artery aneurysm n=1; anterior communicating artery n=2) and one cervical aneurysm. Four procedures were performed with coils plus a flow diverter stent, one was performed with woven endobridge plus a flow diverter stent and four were performed with flow diverter stents alone. Of these procedures, two were performed with telescoping flow diverters.All flow diverter stents were deployed with robotic assistance, with only one partial conversion to a manual technique (caused by guidewire torquability limitations). No perioperative complications were observed.ConclusionRobot-assisted flow diverter stent deployment using the CorPath GRX platform is feasible and appears to be safe. Larger, in-depth studies of the technique’s safety and benefits are now warranted.
Ascorbic acid reduces insulin resistance and pancreatic steatosis by regulating adipocyte hypertrophy in obese ovariectomized mice
Authors: Jeon Suyeon , Lee Jungu , Shin Yujin , Yoon Michung 
Published: March 2023

Ascorbic acid has been suggested to regulate obesity in obese male rodents. Moreover, increased adipocyte size has been associated with metabolic disease. Thus, we investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, an animal model of obese postmenopausal women. Administration of ascorbic acid (5% w/w in diet for 18 weeks) reduced the size of visceral adipocytes without changes in body weight and adipose tissue mass in HFD-fed obese OVX mice compared with obese OVX mice that did not receive ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid inhibited adipose tissue inflammation, as shown by the decreased number of crown-like structures and CD68-positive macrophages in visceral adipose tissues. Ascorbic acid-treated mice exhibited improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose and insulin tolerance compared with nontreated obese mice. Pancreatic islet size and insulin-positive β-cell area in ascorbic acid-treated obese OVX mice decreased to the levels observed in low-fat diet-fed lean mice. Ascorbic acid also suppressed pancreatic triglyceride accumulation in obese mice. These results suggest that ascorbic acid may reduce insulin resistance and pancreatic steatosis partly by suppressing visceral adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue inflammation in obese OVX mice.
Unsteady mixed convective MHD boundary stagnation point nanofluid flow with multi-slip effects, variable wall temperature and porosity phenomenon
Authors: Ghazwani Hassan Ali 
Published: March 2023

This research highlights the physical significance of nanoparticle in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation point flow (SPF) over a stretchable surface with porosity effect and boundary slip phenomenon. The nanoliquid and its advanced thermal activity are shown extra auspicious results when the flow is considered over a permeable (porous) medium. In addition, the nanoparticles of radius size play an important role in the thermal performance of nanofluid. In this work, copper is accounted as a nanoparticle and water as a base fluid. Nanomanufacturing, surface engineering, coatings, nanofabrication and tribology are some of the important and special mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles [D. Guo, G. Xie and J. Luo, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys. 47, 013001 (2014)]. The flow is electrically conducted in the presence of applied magnetic field. Mixed convection, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects are accounted in the mathematical modeling. Appropriate similarity variables are used to convert the couple governing system of PDEs into ordinary ones and results are computed through bvp4c via shooting concept. From the obtained results, it is divulged that the velocity field increases against higher estimations of unsteady parameter, while it declines versus larger magnetic parameter and radius of nanoparticles. The engineering interest like skin friction and Nusselt number is mathematically calculated and results are computed in a tabular form, and their obtained outcomes show that the magnitude of skin friction rises against unsteadiness parameter and radius of nanoparticles. This study is an extended work of [Verma et al. Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 12, 100366 (2022)] with some extra flow assumptions like MHD, SPF, Joule heating, heat generation/absorption and viscous dissipation. Obtained results are compared with [Grubka and Bobba J. Heat Transf. 107, 248 (1985)], Verma et al. [Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 12, 100366 (2022)] and [Elbashbeshy and Emam Therm. Sci. 15, 477 (2011)] found 100% accuracy with them. The most important result of the conducted study is that the skin friction coefficient immensely augments subject to larger estimations of radius of nanoparticles when permeability of porosity is less.
Dietary Fats and All-cause and Breast Cancer–specific Mortality among Women with Breast Cancer: The Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Meyer Danielle S. , Millen Amy E. , Nie Jing , Trevisan Maurizio , Freudenheim Jo L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Study results of prediagnostic dietary fat intake and breast cancer mortality have been inconclusive. While dietary fat subtypes [saturated (SFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids] may have different biological effects, there is little evidence regarding the association of dietary fat and fat subtype intake with mortality after breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods:
Women with incident, pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer and complete dietary data (n = 793) were followed in a population-based study, the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer study. Usual intake before diagnosis of total fat and subtypes were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause and breast cancer–specific mortality were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models. Interactions by menopausal status, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and tumor stage were examined.

Results:
Median follow-up time was 18.75 years; 327 (41.2%) participants had died. Compared with lower intake, greater intake of total fat (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.65–1.70), SFA (1.31; 0.82–2.10), MUFA (0.99; 0.61–1.60), and PUFA (0.99; 0.56–1.75) was not associated with breast cancer–specific mortality. There was also no association with all-cause mortality. Results did not vary by menopausal status, ER status, or tumor stage.

Conclusions:
Prediagnostic intake of dietary fat and fat subtypes was not associated with either all-cause or breast cancer mortality in a population-based cohort of breast cancer survivors.

Impact:
Understanding factors affecting survival among women diagnosed with breast cancer is critically important. Dietary fat intake prior to diagnosis may not impact that survival.