bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Revision Surgery Before or After 2 Years After Graduation From Growth-friendly Surgery for Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Prior Anjali , Hardesty Christina K. , Emans John B. , Thompson George H. , Sponseller Paul D. , Smith John T. , Skaggs David L. , Vaughan Majella , Barfield William R. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Murphy Robert F. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
After discontinuation of growth-friendly (GF) surgery for early onset scoliosis, patients are termed graduates: they undergo a spinal fusion, are observed after final lengthening with GF implant maintenance, or are observed after GF implant removal. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of and reasons for revision surgery in two cohorts of GF graduates: before or after 2 years of follow-up from graduation.

Methods:
A pediatric spine registry was queried for patients who underwent GF spine surgery with a minimum of 2 years of follow-ups after graduation by clinical and/or radiographic evidence. Scoliosis etiology, graduation strategy, number of, and reasons for revision surgery were queried.

Results:
There were 834 patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up after graduation who were analyzed. There were 241 (29%) congenital, 271 (33%) neuromuscular, 168 (20%) syndromic, and 154 (18%) idiopathic. 803 (96%) had traditional growing rod/vertical expandable titanium rib as their GF construct and 31 (4%) had magnetically controlled growing rod. Five hundred ninety-six patients (71%) underwent spinal fusion at graduation, 208 (25%) had GF implants retained, and 30 (4%) had GF implants removed.
In the entire cohort, there were 108/834 (13%) patients who underwent revision surgery. Of the revisions, 71/108 (66%) occurred as acute revisions (ARs) between 0 and 2 years from graduation (mean 0.6 y), and the most common AR indication was infection (26/71, 37%). The remaining 37/108 (34%) patients underwent delayed revision (DR) surgery >2 years (mean 3.8 y) from graduation, and the most common DR indication was implant issues (17/37, 46%).
Graduation strategy affected revision rates. Of the 596 patients with spinal fusion as a graduation strategy, 98/596 (16%) underwent revision, compared with only 8/208 (4%) patients who had their GF implants retained, and 2/30 (7%) that had their GF implants removed (P ≤ 0.001).
A significantly higher percentage of the ARs had a spinal fusion as the graduation strategy (68/71, 96%) compared with 30/37 DRs, (81%, P = 0.015). In addition, the 71 patients who underwent AR undergo more revision surgeries (mean: 2, range: 1 to 7) than 37 patients who underwent DR (mean: 1, range: 1 to 2) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
In this largest reported series of GF graduates to date, the overall risk of revision was 13%. Patients who undergo a revision at any time, as well as ARs in particular, are more likely to have a spinal fusion as their graduation strategy. Patients who underwent AR, on average, undergo more revision surgeries than patients who underwent DR.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, comparative.
The burden and trend of liver metastases in Shanghai, China: a population-based study
Authors: Zheng Hui-Chao , Zhou Jing , Chen Yi-Chen , Yu Ying , Dai Wei , Han Yan , Li Xiao-Pan , Jiang Sun-Fang 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Studies on the epidemiology of liver metastases (LM)-related mortality are rare. we aimed to describe the burden and trend of liver metastases in Pudong of Shanghai, which could be beneficial to cancer prevention.

Methods
We performed a retrospective population-based analysis of cancer mortality data with liver metastases in Shanghai Pudong from 2005 to 2021. Long-term trends in crude mortality rates (CMRs), age-standardized mortality rates worldwide, and rate of years of life lost (YLL) were analyzed by the Join-point regression model. In addition, we evaluate the impact of the demographic and nondemographic factors on the mortality of disease by the decomposition method.

Results
Cancer with liver metastases accounted for 26.68% of all metastases. The CMR and age-standardized mortality rates by Segi’s world population (ASMRW) of cancer with liver metastases were 15.12/105 person-years and 6.33/105 person-years, respectively. The YLL from cancer with liver metastases was 84 959.87 years, with the age group of 60–69 years having the highest YLL of 26 956.40 years. The top three cancer types in liver metastases are colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. The long-term trend of ASMRW significantly decreased by 2.31% per year (P<0.05). The ASMRW and YLL rates of those over 45 decreased year by year. Particularly striking was the 70–79 age group. Although the overall mortality of cancer with liver metastases decreased, there was still a significant upward trend toward an increased mortality rate caused by cancer with liver metastases in aging patients.

Conclusion
Liver metastases were a common site of metastases in patients with cancers originating from the digestive system. The disease burden caused by cancer with liver metastases provides valuable evidence for cancer management.
Modifications to the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery technique reduce 1-year mortality and postoperative complications in intrathoracic tumors
Authors: Makarov Valeriy , Yessentayeva Suriya , Kadyrbayeva Rabiga , Irsaliev Rustem , Novikov Igor 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The purpose of the study is to analyze the immediate outcomes and results of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and lung resection performed in the surgical department of the AOC between 2014 and 2018.

Methods
For the period from 2014 to 2018, 118 patients with peripheral lung cancer were operated on in the surgical department of the AOC. The following operations were performed: lobectomy in 92 cases (78%), of which: upper lobectomy, 44 (47.8%); average lobectomy, 13 (14.1%); lower lobectomy, 32 (35%); bilobectomy, 3 (3.3%). All patients underwent extensive lymphadenectomy on the side of the operation. In 22 patients, for various reasons, preservation of thoracotomy was performed.

Results
The absence of N0 lymph node damage was observed in 82 patients (70%), the first-order lymph node damage N1 in 13 (11%), N2 in 13 (11%), N3 in 5 (4%), and NX in 5 (4%). Histological examination revealed: squamous cell carcinoma − 35.1%, adenocarcinoma − 28.5%, undifferentiated carcinoma − 8.3%, NSCLC − 5.6%, NEO − 4.6%, sarcoma − 1.8%. At the same time, in 12.7% of patients, mts was detected − lung damage, and in 3.4%, malignant cells were not detected. Most patients were activated on the first day after surgery.

Conclusion
An analysis of the direct results of the study allows us to conclude that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a highly effective, minimally invasive, safe method for treating peripheral lung cancer, which allows us to recommend it for wider use in oncological practice.
Mild renal impairment is associated with increased cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality following cancer diagnosis
Authors: Moshkovits Yonatan , Goldman Adam , Tiosano Shmuel , Kaplan Alon , Kalstein Maia , Bayshtok Gabriella , Segev Shlomo , Grossman Ehud , Segev Amit , Maor Elad 
Published: July 2023

Background
The association between mildly decreased renal function and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in cancer patients remains unestablished.

Aims
We sought to explore this association in asymptomatic self-referred healthy adults.

Method
We followed 25, 274 adults, aged 40–79 years, who were screened in preventive healthcare settings. Participants were free of CV disease or cancer at baseline. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation and categorized into groups [≤59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, 90–99, ≥100 (ml/min/1.73 m²)]. The outcome included a composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, or stroke, examined using a Cox model with cancer as a time-dependent variable.

Results
Mean age at baseline was 50 ± 8 years and 7973 (32%) were women. During a median follow-up of 6 years (interquartile range: 3–11), 1879 (7.4%) participants were diagnosed with cancer, of them 504 (27%) develop the composite outcome and 82 (4%) presented with CV events. Multivariable time-dependent analysis showed an increased risk of 1.6, 1.4, and 1.8 for the composite outcome among individuals with eGFR of 90–99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–2.1 P = 0.01], 80–89 (95% CI: 1.1–1.9, P = 0.01) and 70–79 (95% CI: 1.4–2.3, P < 0.001), respectively. The association between eGFR and the composite outcome was modified by cancer with 2.7–2.9 greater risk among cancer patients with eGFR of 90–99 and 80–89 but not among individuals free from cancer (P
interaction < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients with mild renal impairment are at high risk for CV events and all-cause mortality following cancer diagnosis. eGFR evaluation should be considered in the CV risk assessment of cancer patients.
Comparing maximum diameter and volume when assessing the growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms using longitudinal CTA data: cohort study
Authors: Ristl Robin , Klopf Johannes , Scheuba Andreas , Sotir Anna , Wolf Florian , Domenig Christoph M , Wanhainen Anders , Neumayer Christoph , Posch Martin , Brostjan Christine , Eilenberg Wolf 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Monitoring of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is currently based on serial measurements of maximum aortic diameter. Additional assessment of aneurysm volume has previously been proposed to possibly improve growth prediction and treatment decisions. To evaluate the use of supplementing volume measurements, the authors aimed to characterise the growth distribution of AAA volume and to compare the growth rates of the maximum diameter and volume at the patient level.

Methods:
Maximum diameter and volume were monitored every 6 months in 84 patients with small AAAs, with a total of 331 computed tomographic angiographies (with initial maximum diameters of 30–68 mm). A previously developed statistical growth model for AAAs was applied to assess the growth distribution of volume and to compare individual growth rates for volume and for maximum diameter.

Results:
The median (25–75% quantile) expansion in volume was 13.4 (6.5–24.7) % per year. Cube root transformed volume and maximum diameter showed a closely linear association with a within-subject correlation of 0.77. At the surgery threshold maximum diameter of 55 mm, the median (25–75% quantile) volume was 132 (103–167) ml. In 39% of subjects, growth rates for volume and maximum diameter were equivalent, in 33% growth was faster in volume and in 27% growth was faster in maximum diameter.

Conclusion:
At the population level, volume and maximum diameter show a substantial association such that the average volume is approximately proportional to the average maximum diameter raised to a power of three. At the individual level, however, in the majority of patient’s AAAs grow at different pace in different dimensions. Hence, closer monitoring of aneurysms with sub-critical diameter but suspicious morphology may benefit from complementing maximum diameter by volume or related measurements.
Profiles of bacterial communities and environmental factors associated with proliferation of malaria vector mosquitoes within the Kenyan Coast
Authors: Mutinda Josphat , Mwamburi Samuel Mwakisha , Oduor Kennedy Omondi , Omolo Maurice O. , Ntabo Regina Mongina , Gathiru James Muhunyu , Mwangangi Joseph , Nonoh James O.M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Since Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit and maintain the malaria parasite breed in the outdoor environment, there is an urgent need to manage these mosquito breeding sites. In order to elaborate more on the ecological landscape of mosquito breeding sites, the bacterial community structure and their interactions with physicochemical factors in mosquito larval habitats was characterised in Kwale County (Kenya), where malaria is endemic.
Materials and methods
The physical characteristics and water physicochemical parameters of the habitats were determined and recorded. Water samples were also collected from the identified sites for total metagenomic DNA extraction in order to characterise the bacterial communities within the breeding sites.
Results and Discussion
Sites where mosquito larvae were found were described as positive and those without mosquito larvae as negative. Electrical conductivity (p = 0.0161), total dissolved solids (p = 0.0120), salinity (p = 0.01104) and ammonia (p = 0.0003) were lower in the rainy season than in the dry season, which also coincided with a high proportion of positive sites (P ˂ 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.637, 0.843). Pseudomonadota (56 %) was the most common phyla recovered in all samples followed by Bacteroidota (26%) and then Actinomycetota (15%). The presence or absence of mosquito larvae in a potential proliferation site was not related to the bacterial community structure in the sampled sites (R2 = 0.18157, df = 1, P = 0.353), but was positively correlated with bacterial richness and evenness (F = 2.928, df = 8, P = 0.032).
Conclusion
Generally, the presence of Anopheles mosquito larvae was found to be positively correlated with rainy season, bacterial richness and evenness, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia. The findings of this study have implications for predicting the potential of environmental water samples to become mosquito proliferation sites.
Absence of Coronavirus in terns in the Western Indian Ocean?
Authors: Lebarbenchon Camille , Feare Chris , Larose Christine , Boucher Solenn , Jaeger Audrey , Corre Matthieu Le 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigated coronavirus circulation in three tern species, in four islands of the Western Indian Ocean (Bird, Reunion, Europa, Juan de Nova). None of the 1513 samples tested positive by RT-PCR. We discuss the implication in term of host species range, ecological drivers of virus transmission, and diagnostic tools.
Effect of Water Fluoridation on VM-M3 Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Mastellone Gerald M. , Ta Nathan L. , Mukherjee Purna , Lee Derek C. , Maurer Jack H. , Seyfried Thomas N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater fluoridation has been used for combatting dental caries in the general population. Although fluoride has been evaluated as a possible carcinogen, no studies have evaluated the influence of water fluoridation on tumor metastasis.Ex vivobioluminescent imaging and tumor volume measurements were used to assess the influence of water fluoridation on the metastatic spread of VM-M3/Fluc tumor cells grown in their syngeneic inbred VM/Dk mice that received either sodium fluoride (NaF) or hydrofluorosilicic acid (HFSA) in the drinking water (at either 5.0 mg/L or 20.0 mg/L) for 35 days. During the course of the study, there was no difference in water intake or body weight between the control mice and mice that drank either NaF or HFSA. No significant differences were found for VM-M3/Fluc organ metastasis in the mice that drank water with either 5.0 mg/L or 20.0 mg/L NaF or HFSA versus control mice that drank water without fluoride. Both overall survival and flank tumor volumes were similar in control mice and in mice that drank water containing HFSA. In conclusion, the results showed that fluoride present in the drinking water had no statistically significant effect on the metastatic spread of VM-M3/Fluc tumor cells nor on mouse survival.
Mpox Virus is Inhibited By Nucleoside Analogues Including the Acyclic Phosphonates Tenofovir and Adefovir
Authors: Lee Jasper , Boggs Emerson Ailidh , Zhang Huanchun , Tedbury Philip R. , Sarafianos Stefan G. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTMpox virus (MPXV) is an orthopoxvirus that causes the human disease mpox, which is characterized by fever, myalgia, and formation of rashes and lesions, and which garnered worldwide attention due to a global outbreak in 2022. In response to the outbreak, the antivirals tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir have been used as emergency treatment for mpox. However, because of drug resistance and toxicity risks with those compounds, there is still a need for additional antivirals to treat orthopoxvirus diseases. Since cidofovir is a nucleoside analogue, we investigated a selection of other such compounds for antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses. We developed in vitro screening assays using fluorescent strains of vaccinia virus (VACV) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) to measure the antiviral potency of test compounds. We found that tenofovir alafenamide and adefovir dipixovil, both acyclic phosphonates, had strong potential combinations of anti-orthopoxvirus activity and low toxicity after testing them against MVA and VACV, with EC50values in the single digit micromolar and nanomolar range, while other potential hits included trifluridine and two arabinosides. We then recapitulated the results with MPXV using a luciferase-based assay. These data reinforce the interest of repurposing nucleoside analogues as antivirals to treat poxvirus infections and provide a basis for high throughput screening and mechanistic and antiviral resistance studies.
Initial and corrective submovement encoding differences within primary motor cortex during precision reaching
Authors: Schwartze Kevin C , Lee Wei-Hsien , Rouse Adam G 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrecision reaching tasks often require corrective submovements for successful completion. Most studies of reaching have focused on single initial movements, and the cortical encoding model was implied to be the same for all submovements. However, corrective submovements may show different encoding patterns from the initial submovement with distinct patterns of activation across the population. Two rhesus macaques performed a precision center-out-task with small targets. Neural activity from single units in primary motor cortex and associated behavioral data were recorded to evaluate movement characteristics. Neural population data and individual neuronal firing rates identified with a peak finding algorithm to identify peaks in hand speed were examined for encoding differences between initial and corrective submovements. Individual neurons were fitted with a regression model that included the reach vector, position, and speed to predict firing rate. For both initial and corrective submovements, the largest effect remained movement direction. We observed a large subset changed their preferred direction greater than 45° between initial and corrective submovements. Neuronal depth of modulation also showed considerable variation when adjusted for movement speed. By utilizing principal component analysis, neural trajectories of initial and corrective submovements progressed through different neural subspaces. These findings all suggest that different neural encoding patterns exist for initial and corrective submovements within the cortex. We hypothesize that this variation in how neurons change to encode small, corrective submovements might allow for a larger portion of the neural space being used to encode a greater range of movements with varying amplitudes and levels of precision.New and NoteworthyNeuronal recordings matched with kinematic behavior were collected in a precision center-out task that often required corrective movements. We reveal large differences in preferred direction and depth of modulation between initial and corrective submovements across the neural population. We then present a model of the neural population describing how these shifts in tuning create different subspaces for signaling initial and corrective movements likely to improve motor precision.
Contrasting carbon cycle along tropical forest aridity gradients in W Africa and Amazonia
Authors: Zhang-Zheng Huanyuan , Bredu Stephen Adu , Duah-Gyamfi Akwasi , Moore Sam , Addo-Danso Shalom D. , Ibrahim Forzia , Amissah Lucy , Valentini Riccardo , Djagbletey Gloria , Anim-Adjei Kelvin , Owusu-Afriyie Kennedy , Gvozdevaite Agne , Ruiz-Jaen Maria C. , Girardin Cécile A.J. , Rifai Sami , Dahlsjö Cecilia , Riutta Terhi , Deng Xiongjie , Tang Minxue , Sun Yuheng , Prentice Iain Colin , Menor Imma Oliveras , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: July 2023

2AbstractTropical forests cover large areas of equatorial Africa and play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. However, there has been a lack of in-situ measurements to understand the forests’ gross and net primary productivity (GPP and NPP) and their allocation. Here we present the first detailed field assessment of the carbon budget of multiple forest sites in Africa, by monitoring 14 one-hectare plots along an aridity gradient in Ghana. When compared with an equivalent aridity gradient in Amazonia using the same measurement protocol, the studied West African forests generally had higher GPP and NPP and lower carbon use efficiency (CUE). The West African aridity gradient consistently shows the highest NPP, CUE, GPP, and autotrophic respiration at a medium-aridity site, Bobiri. Notably, NPP and GPP of the site are the highest yet reported anywhere in the tropics using similar methods. Widely used data products (MODIS and FLUXCOM) substantially underestimate productivity when compared toin situmeasurements, in Amazonia and especially in Africa. Our analysis suggests that the high productivity of the African forests is linked to their large GPP allocation to canopy and semi-deciduous characteristics, which may be a result of a seasonal climate coupled with high soil fertility.
Distinct genetic origins of eumelanin intensity and barring patterns in cichlid fishes
Authors: Brandon A. Allyson , Michael Cassia , Baez Aldo Carmona , Moore Emily C. , Ciccotto Patrick J. , Roberts Natalie B. , Roberts Reade B. , Powder Kara E. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTPigment patterns are incredibly diverse across vertebrates and are shaped by multiple selective pressures from predator avoidance to mate choice. A common pattern across fishes, but for which we know little about the underlying mechanisms, is repeated melanic vertical bars. In order to understand genetic factors that modify the level or pattern of vertical barring, we generated a genetic cross of 322 F2hybrids between two cichlid species with distinct barring patterns,Aulonocara koningsiandMetriaclima mbenjii. We identify 48 significant quantitative trait loci that underlie a series of seven phenotypes related to the relative pigmentation intensity, and four traits related to patterning of the vertical bars. We find that genomic regions that generate variation in the level of eumelanin produced are largely independent of those that control the spacing of vertical bars. Candidate genes within these intervals include novel genes and those newly-associated with vertical bars, which could affect melanophore survival, fate decisions, pigment biosynthesis, and pigment distribution. Together, this work provides insights into the regulation of pigment diversity, with direct implications for an animal’s fitness and the speciation process.