bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic and functional analysis of HDL subclasses in humans and rats: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Huang Canxia , Zhang Jie , Huang Jingjing , Li Hongwei , Wen Kexin , Bao Jinlan , Wu Xiaoying , Sun Runlu , Abudukeremu Ayiguli , Wang Yue , He Zhijian , Chen Qiaofei , Huang Xinyi , Wang Hong , Zhang Yuling 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The previous study investigated whether the functions of small, medium, and large high density lipoprotein (S/M/L-HDL) are correlated with protein changes in mice. Herein, the proteomic and functional analyses of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were performed in humans and rats.

Methods
After purifying S/M/L-HDL subclasses from healthy humans (n = 6) and rats (n = 3) using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with calcium silica hydrate (CSH) resin, the proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry was conducted, as well as the capacities of cholesterol efflux and antioxidation was measured.

Results
Of the 120 and 106 HDL proteins identified, 85 and 68 proteins were significantly changed in concentration among the S/M/L-HDL subclasses in humans and rats, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that the relatively abundant proteins in the small HDL (S-HDL) and large HDL (L-HDL) subclasses did not overlap, both in humans and in rats. Next, by searching for the biological functions of the relatively abundant proteins in the HDL subclasses via Gene Ontology, it was displayed that the relatively abundant proteins involved in lipid metabolism and antioxidation were enriched more in the medium HDL (M-HDL) subclass than in the S/L-HDL subclasses in humans, whereas in rats, the relatively abundant proteins associated with lipid metabolism and anti-oxidation were enriched in M/L-HDL and S/M-HDL, respectively. Finally, it was confirmed that M-HDL and L-HDL had the highest cholesterol efflux capacity among the three HDL subclasses in humans and rats, respectively; moreover, M-HDL exhibited higher antioxidative capacity than S-HDL in both humans and rats.

Conclusions
The S-HDL and L-HDL subclasses are likely to have different proteomic components during HDL maturation, and results from the proteomics-based comparison of the HDL subclasses may explain the associated differences in function.
Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang inhibits Notch1 signaling and subsequent NLRP3 activation to alleviate cartilage degradation in KOA mice
Authors: Chen Wen-jin , Zhuang Yin , Peng Wei , Cui Wei , Zhang Shu-jun , Wang Jian-wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) has a complex pathological mechanism and is difficult to cure. The traditional medicine Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang (DHJST) has been used for the treatment of KOA for more than one thousand years, but its mechanism for treating KOA has not been revealed. In our previous study, we confirmed that DHJST inhibited the activation of NLRP3 signaling in rats and humans. In the current study, we aimed to determine how DHJST inhibits NLRP3 to alleviate knee cartilage damage.MethodsMice were injected with NLRP3 shRNA or Notch1-overexpressing adenovirus into the tail vein to construct systemic NLRP3 low-expressing or Notch1 high-expressing mice. Mice were injected with papain into the knee joint to replicate the KOA model. DHJST was used to treat KOA model mice with different backgrounds. The thickness of the right paw was measured to evaluate toe swelling. The pathohistological changes and the levels of IL-1β, MMP2, NLRP3, Notch1, collagen 2, collagen 4, HES1, HEY1, and Caspase3 were detected by HE staining, ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, or real-time qPCR.ResultsDHJST reduced tissue swelling and serum and knee cartilage IL-1β levels, inhibited cartilage MMP2 expression, increased collagen 2 and collagen 4 levels, decreased Notch1 and NLRP3 positive expression rates in cartilage, and decreased HES1 and HEY1 mRNA levels in KOA model mice. In addition, NLRP3 interference decreased cartilage MMP2 expression and increased collagen 2 and collagen 4 levels without affecting the expression levels of notch1, HES1 and HEY1 mRNA levels in the synovium of KOA mice. In KOA mice with NLRP interference, DHJST further reduced tissue swelling and knee cartilage damage in mice. Finally, Notch1-overexpressing mice not only showed more severe tissue swelling and knee cartilage degradation but also abolished the therapeutic effect of DHJST on KOA mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of DHJST on the mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase3 and IL-1β in the knee joint of KOA mice were completely limited after Notch1 overexpression.ConclusionDHJST significantly reduced inflammation and cartilage degradation in KOA mice by inhibiting Ntoch1 signaling and its subsequent NLRP3 activation in the knee joint.
Efficient and versatile multiplex prime editing in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Ni Pei , Zhao Yidi , Zhou Ximeng , Liu Zehua , Huang Zhengwei , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Zong Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrime editing is limited by low efficiency in plants. Here, we develop an upgraded engineered plant prime editor in hexaploid wheat, ePPEplus, by introducing a V223A substitution into reverse transcriptase in the ePPEmax* architecture. ePPEplus enhances the efficiency by an average 33.0-fold and 6.4-fold compared to the original PPE and ePPE, respectively. Importantly, a robust multiplex prime editing platform is established for simultaneous editing of four to ten genes in protoplasts and up to eight genes in regenerated wheat plants at frequencies up to 74.5%, thus expanding the applicability of prime editors for stacking of multiple agronomic traits.
The triglyceride-glucose index as a potential protective factor for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy without diabetes: evidence from a two-center study
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Gao Jun , Zhang Kuo , Jun Wen , Wang Jing-Jia , Wang Xu-Liang , Wang Yuan-Geng-Shuo , Zheng Ji-Lin , Liu Yu-Peng , Song Jing-Jing , Yang Jie , Zheng Yi-Tian , Li Chen , Wang Wen-Yao , Shao Chunli , Tang Yi-Da 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG (Triglyceride-glucose index) and the prognosis of patients with HOCM (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy) without diabetes.

Research design and methods
A total of 713 eligible patients with HOCM were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups based on treatment: an invasive treatment group (n = 461) and a non-invasive treatment group (n = 252). The patients in both two groups were then divided into three groups based on their TyG index levels. The primary endpoints of this study were Cardiogenic death during long-term follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to study the cumulative survival of different groups. Restricted cubic spline was used to model nonlinear relationships between the TyG index and primary endpoints. Myocardial perfusion imaging/Myocardial metabolic imaging examinations were performed to assess glucose metabolism in the ventricular septum of the HOCM patients.

Results
The follow-up time of this study was 41.47 ± 17.63 months. The results showed that patients with higher TyG index levels had better clinical outcomes (HR, 0.215; 95% CI 0.051,0.902; P = 0.036, invasive treatment group; HR, 0.179; 95% CI 0.063,0.508; P = 0.001, non-invasive treatment group). Further analysis showed that glucose metabolism in the ventricular septum was enhanced in HOCM patients.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that the TyG index may serve as a potential protective factor for patients with HOCM without diabetes. The enhanced glucose metabolism in the ventricular septum of HOCM patients may provide a potential explanation for the relationship between the TyG index and HOCM prognosis.
Maternal glycemia in pregnancy is longitudinally associated with blood DNAm variation at the FSD1L gene from birth to 5 years of age
Authors: Taschereau Amélie , Thibeault Kathrine , Allard Catherine , Juvinao-Quintero Diana , Perron Patrice , Lutz Sharon M. , Bouchard Luigi , Hivert Marie-France 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased risk for the development of chronic diseases in later life. These predispositions may be programmed by fetal DNA methylation (DNAm) changes that persist postnatally. However, although some studies have associated fetal exposure to gestational hyperglycemia with DNAm variations at birth, and metabolic phenotypes in childhood, no study has yet examined how maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy may be associated with offspring DNAm from birth to five years of age.

Hypothesis
Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with variation in offspring DNAm from birth to 5 years of age.

Methods
We estimated maternal hyperglycemia using the area under the curve for glucose (AUCglu) following an oral glucose tolerance test conducted at 24–30 weeks of pregnancy. We quantified DNAm levels in cord blood (n = 440) and peripheral blood at five years of age (n = 293) using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina). Our total sample included 539 unique dyads (mother–child) with 194 dyads having DNAm at both time-points. We first regressed DNAm M-values against the cell types and child age for each time-point separately to account for the difference by time of measurement for these variables. We then used a random intercept model from the linear mixed model (LMM) framework to assess the longitudinal association between maternal AUCglu and the repeated measures of residuals of DNAm. We adjusted for the following covariates as fixed effects in the random intercept model: maternal age, gravidity, smoking status, child sex, maternal body mass index (BMI) (measured at first trimester of pregnancy), and a binary variable for time-point.

Results
In utero exposure to higher maternal AUCglu was associated with lower offspring blood DNAm levels at cg00967989 located in FSD1L gene (β = − 0.0267, P = 2.13 × 10–8) in adjusted linear regression mixed models. Our study also reports other CpG sites for which DNAm levels were suggestively associated (P < 1.0 × 10–5) with in utero exposure to gestational hyperglycemia. Two of these (cg12140144 and cg07946633) were found in the promotor region of PRDM16 gene (β: − 0.0251, P = 4.37 × 10–07 and β: − 0.0206, P = 2.24 × 10–06, respectively).

Conclusion
Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with offspring DNAm longitudinally assessed from birth to 5 years of age.
On the relationship between mobile-based extramural activities and vocabulary development of EFL learners: a mixed-method study
Authors: Ebadi Saman , Amini Zhila , Gheisari Nouzar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMobile-based extramural English (EE) activities, including watching movies, playing digital games, and listening to music outside the classroom, have played an important role in increasing learners' interest in English as a foreign language (EFL). This mixed-method design study aimed to investigate the role of EE activities in the vocabulary development of intermediate EFL learners. The study included a group of 60 learners, including 30 male and 30 female students from two language institutes. A pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest were used. The experimental group utilized WhatsApp to receive electronic vocabulary instruction four days per week for two months as part of the EE activities. In contrast, the control group received classroom instruction using the conventional approach typically employed in EFL contexts for teaching the same textbook vocabulary. A semi-structured interview was conducted to investigate the participants' beliefs regarding their preference for EE-based activities. The results of the EG group revealed that EE-based activities significantly impacted the students' vocabulary learning (p < 0.001). The findings also revealed no significant differences in vocabulary knowledge between male and female students after using EE activities (p = 0.34). The themes that emerged from the qualitative phase suggested that participants preferred EE-based activities as they can result in less mental stress, more vocabulary learning, improved conversation, and improved pronunciation and grammar. Also, the participants preferred various mobile-based EE activities, including watching movies, listening to music, playing multiple games, watching cartoons, and focusing on movie subtitles, which resulted in their vocabulary development. The findings call for language educators to integrate more virtual and online-based EE activities to supplement traditional vocabulary teaching practices.
The association between permit-to-purchase laws and shootings by police
Authors: Crifasi Cassandra K. , Ward Julie , McCourt Alex D. , Webster Daniel , Doucette Mitchell L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Fatal and nonfatal shootings by police are a public health issue that warrants additional research. Prior research has documented associations between fatal shootings by police and gun ownership, legislative strength scores, and lax concealed carry weapons laws. Despite research on other firearm-related outcomes, little is known about the impact of permit-to-purchase (PTP) laws on shootings by police. We generated counts of fatal and nonfatal OIS from the Gun Violence Archive from 2015 to 2020. We conducted cross-sectional regression modeling with a Poisson distribution and robust standard errors. In addition to PTP, we included several state-level policies that may be associated with shootings by police: comprehensive background check only (CBC-only) laws, concealed carry licensing laws, stand your ground laws, violent misdemeanor prohibitions, and extreme risk protection orders (ERPO). We controlled for state-level demographic characteristics and included a population offset to generate incidence rate ratios (IRR).

Findings
PTP laws were associated with a 28% lower rate in shootings by police [IRR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–0.81]. Shall Issue (IRR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.17–1.53) and Permitless (IRR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.35–1.91) concealed carry laws and CBC-only laws (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.25) were associated with higher rates of shootings by police. Stand your ground, violent misdemeanor prohibitions, and ERPO laws were not associated with shootings by police.

Conclusions
Our study found that PTP laws were associated with significantly lower rates of shootings by police. Removing restrictions on civilian concealed carry was associated with significantly higher rates. State-level firearm policies may be a lever to address shootings by police.
Efficacy of endotracheal tube clamping to prevent positive airways pressure loss and pressure behavior after reconnection: a bench study
Authors: Bulleri Enrico , Fusi Cristian , Bambi Stefano , Pisani Luigi , Galesi Alice , Rizzello Enrico , Lucchini Alberto , Merlani Paolo , Pagnamenta Alberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Endotracheal tube (ETT) clamping before disconnecting the patient from the mechanical ventilator is routinely performed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize alveolar de-recruitment. Clinical data on the effects of ETT clamping are lacking, and bench data are sparse. We aimed to evaluate the effects of three different types of clamps applied to ETTs of different sizes at different clamping moments during the respiratory cycle and in addition to assess pressure behavior following reconnection to the ventilator after a clamping maneuver.

Methods
A mechanical ventilator was connected to an ASL 5000 lung simulator using an ARDS simulated condition. Airway pressures and lung volumes were measured at three time points (5 s, 15 s and 30 s) after disconnection from the ventilator with different clamps (Klemmer, Chest-Tube and ECMO) on different ETT sizes (internal diameter of 6, 7 and 8 mm) at different clamping moments (end-expiration, end-inspiration and end-inspiration with tidal volume halved). In addition, we recorded airway pressures after reconnection to the ventilator. Pressures and volumes were compared among different clamps, different ETT-sizes and the different moments of clamp during the respiratory cycle.

Results
The efficacy of clamping depended on the type of clamp, the duration of clamping, the size of the ETT and the clamping moment. With an ETT ID 6 mm all clamps showed similar pressure and volume results. With an ETT ID 7 and 8 mm only the ECMO clamp was effective in maintaining stable pressure and volume in the respiratory system during disconnection at all observation times. Clamping with Klemmer and Chest-Tube at end inspiration and at end inspiration with halved tidal volume was more efficient than clamping at end expiration (p < 0.03). After reconnection to the mechanical ventilator, end-inspiratory clamping generated higher alveolar pressures as compared with end-inspiratory clamping with halved tidal volume (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
ECMO was the most effective in preventing significant airway pressure and volume loss independently from tube size and clamp duration. Our findings support the use of ECMO clamp and clamping at end-expiration. ETT clamping at end-inspiration with tidal volume halved could minimize the risk of generating high alveolar pressures following reconnection to the ventilator and loss of airway pressure under PEEP.
Milk kefir drink may not reduce depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Razmjooei Nadia , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Hejazi Najmeh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Depression is prevalent among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can cause poor health outcomes. Moreover, a solid bilateral association between NAFLD and depression has been shown, which may alleviate by kefir consumption. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of milk kefir drinks on the depression status of individuals with NAFLD.

Methods
In a secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, 80 adults with grades 1 to 3 of NAFLD were included in an 8-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to Diet or Diet + kefir groups to either follow a low-calorie diet or a low-calorie diet along with a 500 cc milk kefir drink daily. The participants’ demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and physical data were recorded before and after the study. Depression status was assessed using the Persian format of the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II-Persian) at the baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.

Results
Overall, 80 participants aged 42.87 ± 10.67 years were included in the analysis. The data on the baseline demographic, dietary, and physical activity of the groups were not significantly different. During the study, participants in Diet + Kefir group had a significantly decreased energy (P = 0.02), carbohydrate (P = 0.4), and fat consumption (P = 0.4). However, during the study, the depression score was not significantly reduced in the Diet group, the Diet + Kefir group showed a significant reduction in depression (P = 0.02). However, between-group analyses for changes in depression were not significant (P = 0.59).

Conclusion
Consumption of milk kefir drink for 8 weeks may not reduce depression symptoms in adults with NAFLD.

Trial registration
The trial was registered at IRCT.ir as IRCT20170916036204N6 (August 2018).
Pathobiological analysis of African swine fever virus contact-exposed pigs and estimation of the basic reproduction number of the virus in Vietnam
Authors: Oh Sang-Ik , Bui Ngoc Anh , Bui Vuong Nghia , Dao Duy Tung , Cho Ara , Lee Han Gyu , Jung Young-Hun , Do Yoon Jung , Kim Eunju , Bok Eun-Yeong , Hur Tai-Young , Lee Hu Suk 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a fatal disease affecting wild and domestic pigs. Since China reported the first ASF outbreak in August 2018, ASFV has swept over the neighbouring Asian countries. However, studies involving experimental pig-to-pig ASFV transmission in Vietnam are lacking. The main objective of this experimental study was to demonstrate the pathobiological characteristics of ASFV contact-exposed pigs and estimate their basic reproduction number (R0) in Vietnam. Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 10) and negative control (n = 5) groups. One pig in the experimental group was intramuscularly inoculated with ASFV strain from Vietnam in 2020 and housed with the uninoculated pigs during the study period (28 days).

Results
The inoculated pig died 6 days post-inoculation, and the final survival rate was 90.0%. We started observing viremia and excretion of ASFV 10 days post-exposure in contact-exposed pigs. Unlike the surviving and negative control pigs, all necropsied pigs showed severe congestive splenomegaly and moderate-to-severe haemorrhagic lesions in the lymph nodes. The surviving pig presented with mild haemorrhagic lesions in the spleen and kidneys. We used Susceptible-Infectious-Removed models for estimating R0. The R0 values for exponential growth (EG) and maximum likelihood (ML) were calculated to be 2.916 and 4.015, respectively. In addition, the transmission rates (β) were estimated to be 0.729 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.379–1.765) for EG and 1.004 (95% CI: 0.283–2.450) for ML.

Conclusions
This study revealed pathobiological and epidemiological information in about pig-to-pig ASFV transmission. Our findings suggested that culling infected herds within a brief period of time may mitigate the spread of ASF outbreaks.
Giant invasive pituitary adenomas: surgical approach selection paradigm and its influence on the outcome—case series
Authors: Saad Mahmoud , Taha Ahmed Nageeb , Serag Samer , Shata Hosam , Zakaria Wael K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Pointing out our surgical strategy and experience in selection of surgical approaches in giant pituitary adenomas patients and its relation to surgical and clinical outcome.

Methods
31 patients with giant pituitary adenomas (maximum diameter ≥ 4 cm). We analyzed the preoperative clinical presentation, radiological criteria of the tumor, endocrinological profile, approach selected, extent of resection, clinical outcomes and complications.

Results
16 males (51.6%) and 15 females (48.4%). All the patients had a visual complaint (13 had mild impairment (41.9%), 18 had significant visual loss (58.1%). 20 were nonfunctioning (64.6%), 5 prolactin secreting (16%) and 6 growth hormone secreting (19.4%). Surgical approaches included: standard endoscopic endonasal approach in 7, extended approach in 4, transcranial (extended pterional approach) in 3. Staged endoscopic surgery in 5. Extended pterional approach followed endoscopic approach in 12. Gross total resection in 18 (58%) subtotal resection in 8 patients (25.8%) and partial resection in 5 patients (16.2%). The most common complications was tumor recurrence in 8, CSF leakage in 3, Permanent diabetes insipidus in 2, postoperative hydrocephalus in 1, transient 6th CN palsy in 3, and unfortunately only one patient died. 8 had complete Visual recovery, 9 were improved partially, and 11 remain unchanged. Only 3 showed further deterioration of vision.

Conclusions
Giant invasive pituitary adenoma is still one of the challenging issues in decision making for selection of the appropriate management strategy. Advancement of the endoscopic surgical techniques made the transsphenoidal approach is the primary choice for management of giant pituitary adenoma. However, the door is still opened for transcranial approach as staged the procedure after endoscopic approach or sole approach for some selected cases.