bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why falsified medicines reach patients: an analysis of political and economic factors in Romania
Authors: Nistor Adina-Loredana , Pisani Elizabeth , Kok Maarten Olivier 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTo protect patients against falsified medicines, countries around the world implement stringent regulations. Despite efforts to protect supply chains in the European Union (EU), authorities continue to find falsified medicine. We studied how in Romania, one of the poorest EU countries, political and economic factors influence the risk of patients being exposed to falsified medicines.MethodsFor this case study, we reviewed 131 documents and interviewed 22 purposively selected key informants.ResultsIn Romania, several politically and economically motivated policies have led to persistent medicine shortages. Following the 2007 accession to the EU, fierce competition led to a decline in domestic medicine production. Soon after, the government introduced a tax on reimbursed medicines to support the national health budget. Prior to the 2015 elections, medicine prices were abruptly lowered to provide voters with the cheapest medicine in Europe. The low prices incentivised traders to buy medicines in Romania and sell them elsewhere in the EU. The high taxes and low prices led manufacturers to withdraw medicines from the market and impose product quotas to limit parallel trading. The accumulated effect of these market responses translated into persistent shortages of essential medicine, which have pushed patients and health professionals to unregulated markets with a high risk of exposure to falsified medicine.ConclusionStrategies against falsified medicine with a narrow focus on safeguarding quality in the regulated supply are insufficient. To protect patients, governments must also ensure that patients have access to affordable medicines, as shortages provide an opportunity for those selling fake products.
Virtual teaching kitchen classes and cardiovascular disease prevention counselling among medical trainees
Authors: Razavi Alexander C , Latoff Anna , Dyer Amber , Albin Jaclyn Lewis , Artz Kristi , Babcock Alexandra , Cimino Francesca , Daghigh Farzaneh , Dollinger Beth , Fiellin Maya , Johnston Emily A , Jones Grace Marie , Karch Robert D , Keller Emily T , Nace Heather , Parekh Nimisha K , Petrosky Stephanie Nelson , Robinson Amy , Rosen Jessica , Sheridan Eva M , Warner Susan W , Willis Jada L , Harlan Timothy S 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundHands-on culinary medicine education for medical trainees has emerged as a promising tool for cardiovascular health promotion.PurposeTo determine whether virtual culinary medicine programming associates with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and lifestyle medicine competencies among medical trainees across the USA.MethodA total of 1433 medical trainees across 19 sites over a 12-month period were included. The Cooking for Health Optimisation with Patients-Medical Trainees survey composed of 61 questions regarding demographics, nutritional attitudes, dietary habits including MedDiet score and lifestyle medicine counselling competencies. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association of virtual culinary medicine education with MedDiet intake and nutritional attitudes.ResultsThere were 519 medical trainees who participated in virtual culinary medicine education and 914 medical trainees who participated in their standard nutrition curricula. More than one-half of participants were women (n=759) and the mean age was 27 years old. Compared with students enrolled in traditional nutrition curricula, participants in virtual culinary medicine education were 37% more likely to adhere to MedDiet guidelines for fruit intake (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.83, p=0.03). Virtual culinary medicine education was associated with higher proficiency in lifestyle medicine counselling categories, notably recommendations involving fibre (OR 4.03; 95% CI 3.05 to 5.34), type 2 diabetes prevention (OR 4.69; 95% CI 3.51 to 6.27) and omega fatty acids (OR 5.21; 95% CI 3.87 to 7.02). Virtual culinary medicine education had a similar, although higher magnitude association with MedDiet counselling competency (OR 5.73, 95% CI 4.26 to 7.70) when compared with historical data previously reported using hands-on, in-person culinary medicine courseware (OR 4.97, 95% CI 3.89 to 6.36).ConclusionsCompared with traditional nutritional educational curricula, virtual culinary medicine education is associated with higher MedDiet adherence and lifestyle medicine counselling competencies among medical trainees. Both virtual and hands-on culinary medicine education may be useful for cardiovascular health promotion.
Vortical effects in Dirac fluids with vector, chiral and helical charges
Authors: Ambruș Victor E. , Chernodub M. N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHelicity of free massless Dirac fermions is a conserved, Lorentz-invariant quantity at the level of the classical equations of motion. For a generic ensemble consisting of particles and antiparticles, the helical and chiral charges are different conserved quantities. The flow of helicity can be modelled by the helicity current, which is again conserved in the absence of interactions. Similar to the axial vortical effect which generates an axial (chiral) current, the helicity current is induced by vorticity in a finite temperature medium with vector (electrical) charge imbalance via the helical vortical effects, leading to new nondissipative transport phenomena. These phenomena lead to the appearance of a new hydrodynamic excitation, the helical vortical wave. Our results suggest the existence of a new type of triangle anomalies in QED which involve the helicity currents in addition to the standard vector and axial currents. Further exploiting the conservation of the helical current, we show that a finite helical chemical potential may be used to characterise thermodynamic ensembles of fermions similarly to, but independently of, the vector charge and chirality. We derive the pressure P for fermions at finite vector, axial and helical chemical potentials and show that the quantities arising in anomalous transport, including various vortical and circular conductivities and the shear-stress coefficients, can be obtained by differentiation of P with respect to the appropriate chemical potentials. Finally, we calculate the helicity relaxation time in the quark-gluon plasma above the crossover and show that it is similar to that for the axial charge.
Matter bounce scenario in extended symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Agrawal A. S. , Mishra B. , Agrawal P. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we have shown the matter bounce scenario of the Universe in an extended symmetric teleparallel gravity, the f(Q) gravity. Motivated from the bouncing scenario and loop quantum cosmology (LQC), the form of the function f(Q) has been obtained at the backdrop of Friedmann–Lema$${\hat{i}}$$

i
^

tre–Robertson Walker (FLRW) space time. Considering the background cosmology dominated by dust fluid, the e-folding parameter has been expressed, which contains the nonmetricity term. Since the slow roll criterion in the bouncing context is not valid, we used a conformal equivalence between f(Q) and scalar-tensor model to apply the bottom-up reconstruction technique in the bouncing model. The dynamics of the model has been studied through the phase space analysis, where both the stable and unstable nodes are obtained. Also, the stability analysis has been performed with the first order scalar perturbation of the Hubble parameter and matter energy density to verify the stability of the model.
Combined Statin and Glucocorticoid Therapy for the Safer Treatment of Preterm Birth
Authors: Kane Andrew D. , Herrera Emilio A. , Niu Youguo , Camm Emily J. , Allison Beth J. , Tijsseling Deodata , Lusby Ciara , Derks Jan B. , Brain Kirsty L. , Bronckers Inge M. , Cross Christine M. , Berends Lindsey , Giussani Dino A. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Prematurity is strongly associated with poor respiratory function in the neonate. Rescue therapies include treatment with glucocorticoids due to their anti-inflammatory and maturational effects on the developing lung. However, glucocorticoid treatment in the infant can increase the risk of long-term cardiovascular complications including hypertension, cardiac, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence implicates a molecular link between glucocorticoid excess and depletion of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability as a mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of postnatal steroids on the heart and circulation. Therefore, combined glucocorticoid and statin therapy, by increasing NO bioavailability, may protect the developing cardiovascular system while maintaining beneficial effects on the lung.

Methods:
We investigated combined glucocorticoid and statin therapy using an established rodent model of prematurity and combined experiments of cardiovascular function in vivo, with those in isolated organs as well as measurements at the cellular and molecular levels.

Results:
We show that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment increases the risk of later cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring. Underlying mechanisms include decreased circulating NO bioavailability, sympathetic hyper-reactivity, and NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Combined neonatal glucocorticoid and statin therapy protects the developing cardiovascular system by normalizing NO and sympathetic signaling, without affecting pulmonary maturational or anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids.

Conclusions:
Therefore, combined glucocorticoid and statin therapy may be safer than glucocorticoids alone for the treatment of preterm birth.
Impact of Institutional Factors on the Long-run Behaviour of Money Velocity in India
Authors: Sud Nandini 
Published: February 2023

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of institutional changes in the financial sector on the long-run behaviour of broad money velocity in India. For this purpose, annual time series data from 1970–1971 to 2019–2020 has been used. To avoid the problem of multicollinearity, three institutional factors (urbanisation ratio, ratio of total deposits to currency and DCPS) have been combined to form an institutional factor index using PCA. The unit root results indicate that variables are a mix of I(0) & I(1), therefore, ARDL-ECM methodology is applied. Results indicate that money velocity exhibits a structural break in 2008, conforming to the global economic crises. To examine the impact of institutional factors a benchmark model (BM) containing per capita GDP and rate of interest has been estimated along with an institutional factors model (IFM) which also contains institutional factors index. The results show that there is no co-integration in BM, whereas co-integration was established in IFM. The error-correction term and institutional factors index were highly significant for IFM, confirming the long-run relationship. The explanatory power (adjusted R2) for IFM was considerably higher than BM, indicating that the addition of institutional variables significantly improves the money velocity model for India. JEL Codes: C32, E41, E52
Thermal imaging of the wheel-rail interface
Authors: Firlik Bartosz , Staśkiewicz Tomasz , Słowiński Marcin 
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the use of a new method of imaging of the wheel-rail interface wear adopting thermal imaging techniques. Based on the heat generated at the point of contact, coming from the friction and strain of the mating materials, it is possible to identify the type and location of the wheel-rail interface. This work presents the usability of the method with reference to the typical conditions of operation of light rail vehicles (small-radius curves – from 22 m, wheel diameter around 0.6 m, lower standard of track maintenance than in the case of regular railways, use of shallow-grooved frogs, etc.). Thermal imaging presents a big potential in terms of monitoring the wheel-rail interaction and can also be used to identify flange climbing, rolling noise generation or longitudinal creepage during traction or braking.
The Characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemical findings in de-differentiated liposarcoma
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Nakamura Tomoki , Nakamura Koichi , Matsuyama Yumi , Hagi Tomohito , Asanuma Kunihiro , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: February 2023

Purpose Radiological imaging in Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) often shows the coexistence of fatty and non-fatty solid components; however, it has been shown that when fatty components were not identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of DDLPS would not have been diagnosed if immunohistochemical (IHC) staining had not been performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of MRI and relationship between MRI and IHC findings in DDLPS. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 25 patients with DDLPS. To identify the MRI spectrum of DDLPS, tumors were classified into the following four categories based on MRI findings: I = a well-defined fatty mass and juxtaposed well-defined non-fatty mass, II = a non-fatty component within a predominantly fatty mass, III = a focal fatty component within a large non-fatty mass, and IV = a non-fatty mass with atypical MRI findings. IHC staining for CDK4, MDM2, and p16 were evaluated. Results Category IV tumor was the most common tumor in this population. Of the 22 patients who underwent IHC staining, MDM2, CDK4, and p16 were positive in 21, 20, and 19 patients, respectively. MDM2 was positive in all 11 patients with category IV tumors; CDK4 and p 16 were positive in 10 and eight patients, respectively. There was no difference of survival between the patients with category I, II and III and category IV. Conclusions DDLPS without fatty components on MRI scans was mostly found. We recommend IHC staining to screen for DDLPS even if the tumors in STS cases have a non-fatty component.
Im/Probabilities of Post/Authorship and Academic Writing Otherwise in Postfoundational Inquiry
Authors: Taylor Carol A. , Benozzo Angelo 
Published: February 2023

This article explores questions of im/probability of/as post/authorship in postfoundational inquiry. Inspired by Deleuzian philosophy, the article instantiates post/authorship and academic writing otherwise as a means to interrogate, critique, and undo the representationalist modes of normative authorship. Through a series of playful im/probabilities, the article suggests and enacts a writerly mode of post/authorship that reframes notions of authorial intentionality and origination. Reviewer 2: “… your contribution … needs to be more clearly stated at the outset”. In paying attention to writerly invention as inquiry without method, the article’s provocation is, “What might happen if/when we go rogue and become post/authorship imposters instead of authors?”
Henle fiber layer hemorrhage as the first manifestation of factor V Leiden homozygous mutation
Authors: Flores-Márquez Ana , Moreno-Gutiérrez Juan Ángel , García-Marcet Susana , García-Martín Fernando , Gismero-Moreno Saturnino , Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos 
Published: February 2023

Purpose To report a case of a Henle fiber layer hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of Factor V Leiden disease. Methods Case report and literature review. Results A healthy 19-year-old patient presented with a spontaneous Henle fiber layer (HFL) hemorrhage. The genetic analysis showed a previously unknown homozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation. No specific treatment was given due to the patient's good visual acuity and favorable prognosis, but the diagnosis of a Factor V Leiden mutation enabled a correct therapeutic management to be followed by the patient. Conclusion Advances in eye imaging allow to detect ocular findings that may lead to an early diagnosis and treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a HFL hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of Factor V Leiden disease. Further research is needed to identify the pathways linking these findings.
Treatment of long-term catheter-related bloodstream infections with short-course Daptomycin lock and systemic therapy associated with Taurolidine-lock: A multicenter experience
Authors: Vassallo Matteo , Denis Eric , Manni Sabrina , Lotte Laurene , Fauque Philippe , Sindt Audrey 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Few studies describe the efficacy of antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) in long-term catheter-related bloodstream (CRBSI) infections. We applied local protocols combining Daptomycin (DPT) and Taurolidine ALT, associated with systemic antibiotic treatment (SAT), for conservative management of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) CRBSI. Methods: Patients admitted for CoNS-associated CRBSI and treated with DPT and Taurolidine as ALT were retrospectively analyzed. Success was defined as catheter retention 30 days after ending treatment. Catheter removal within 30 days was considered as failure. Results: From April 2018 to September 2021, 22 subjects with CoNS-associated-CRBSI were included (95% with cancer, mean age 64 years, 59% male). Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in 82% of cases. Mean duration of DPT was 3.9 and 3 days as ALT and SAT, respectively. SAT also included Rifampin for 3 days. Taurolidine ALT was started on day 4 and was combined with oral SAT, that is, either Linezolid or Tedizolid. Mean duration of Taurolidine was 10.5 days, while total antibiotic treatment lasted 13.5 days. Clinical success and failure rates were 95% and 5%, respectively. Discussion: Short course DPT as ALT, combined with SAT and Taurolidine ALT, allowed high rates of conservative management of catheters in case of CoNS-associated-CRBSI.
Deprescribing initiative of NSAIDs (DIN): Pharmacist-led interventions for pain management in a federal correctional setting
Authors: Dawson Keith G. , Mok Vanessa , Wong Jason G.M. , Bhalla Alka 
Published: February 2023

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for management of pain and inflammation. However, these medications are associated with adverse outcomes such as dyspepsia and acute myocardial infarction, especially with long-term uses. Objective: We sought to determine the effect of a pharmacist-led deprescribing intervention on oral NSAID use among patients in federal custody. Methods: Clinical pharmacists from Correctional Services Canada (CSC) conducted a prospective case series of adult patients with chronic noncancer pain who were on long-term NSAIDs (defined as >90 days supply in the past 120 days) in 3 CSC institutions in British Columbia, Canada. CSC clinical pharmacists met with patients to perform medication reviews and identify drug-related problems, with a focus on analgesic therapy. Pharmacist-led interventions were implemented in consultation with the primary care team to address these drug-related problems. Patient progress was monitored weekly for 3 months. Function, quality of life and pain severity scores (modified SPAASMS, Patient-Specific Functional Scale [PSFS] and visual analog scale [VAS] scores) were compared at baseline, 6 weeks and 3 months postintervention. Patient satisfaction survey results were also collected at 3 months. Results: A total of 53 patients received clinical pharmacist interventions. Modified SPAASMS, PSFS and VAS scores were collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 3 months from 38 patients (some were lost to follow-up when released back into the community). All 38 patients demonstrated clinically significant improvements to all 3 pain scales at 3 months (mean SPAASMS scores decreased by 7 points, mean PSFS scores increased by 2 points, mean VAS scores decreased by 2 points). Twenty-four of 31 patients who completed the patient satisfaction survey agreed that their overall health and well-being improved because of the visit they received from the pharmacist. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist-led interventions in CSC have shown to reduce oral NSAID use as well as contribute positively to patient pain scores.
Acceptability of wearable devices for measuring mobility remotely: Observations from the Mobilise-D technical validation study
Authors: Keogh Alison , Alcock Lisa , Brown Philip , Buckley Ellen , Brozgol Marina , Gazit Eran , Hansen Clint , Scott Kirsty , Schwickert Lars , Becker Clemens , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Maetzler Walter , Rochester Lynn , Sharrack Basil , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Yarnall Alison , Mazzà Claudia , Caulfield Brian 
Published: February 2023

Background This study aimed to explore the acceptability of a wearable device for remotely measuring mobility in the Mobilise-D technical validation study (TVS), and to explore the acceptability of using digital tools to monitor health. Methods Participants ( N = 106) in the TVS wore a waist-worn device (McRoberts Dynaport MM + ) for one week. Following this, acceptability of the device was measured using two questionnaires: The Comfort Rating Scale (CRS) and a previously validated questionnaire. A subset of participants ( n = 36) also completed semi-structured interviews to further determine device acceptability and to explore their opinions of the use of digital tools to monitor their health. Questionnaire results were analysed descriptively and interviews using a content analysis. Results The device was considered both comfortable (median CRS (IQR; min-max) = 0.0 (0.0; 0–20) on a scale from 0–20 where lower scores signify better comfort) and acceptable (5.0 (0.5; 3.0–5.0) on a scale from 1–5 where higher scores signify better acceptability). Interviews showed it was easy to use, did not interfere with daily activities, and was comfortable. The following themes emerged from participants’ as being important to digital technology: altered expectations for themselves, the use of technology, trust, and communication with healthcare professionals. Conclusions Digital tools may bridge existing communication gaps between patients and clinicians and participants are open to this. This work indicates that waist-worn devices are supported, but further work with patient advisors should be undertaken to understand some of the key issues highlighted. This will form part of the ongoing work of the Mobilise-D consortium.
Factors Associated With Airline Cabin Crews’ Influenza Vaccination Intention in the Workplace-based Setting
Authors: Kim Layoung , Kim Gwang Suk , Lee Kyung Hee , Kim Jungha 
Published: February 2023

Background: Yearly influenza vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza. Workplace vaccination program for airline cabin crews is an important countermeasure in the management of infectious diseases. Understanding the influenza vaccination behavior of cabin crews is essential to establishing strategies to promote vaccine uptake. This study aimed to examine factors associated with airline cabin crews’ influenza vaccination intention in a workplace-based setting. We applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain the vaccination behavior of employees. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2021. Participants self-reported the structured questionnaires that consisted of TPB variables, and reasons for influenza vaccination/nonvaccination in 2020. A total of 253 crew members participated, and 242 were included in the analysis. Findings: The influenza vaccination rate was 70.7% in 2020, and vaccination intention was 5.92 of 7 points in 2021. Multiple linear regression showed that influenza vaccination intention was associated with subjective norms (β = .394, p < .001), positive attitude (β = .145, p = .007), perceived behavioral control (β = .170, p = .004), actual behavioral control (β = .145, p = .010), and the previous year’s vaccination (β = .163, p < .001). The model accounted for 57% of the variance in influenza vaccination intention ( F = 40.959, p < .001). Conclusions/Application to Practice: Our findings indicate that TPB is useful in explaining employees’ influenza vaccination intention and influencing factors. Focusing on positive messages that emphasize the social effects of vaccination and providing free vaccination on specific dates are potential strategies to increase intention. It can be applied to help design on-site workplace vaccination programs for essential frontline workers.