bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Processor Modules Enabled Pattern Recognition of Extracellular Vesicles for Facile Cancer Diagnosis†
Authors: Yang Qianyun , Wang Ruiyan , Wu Kun , Li Di 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryExtracellular vesicles (EVs) carry rich protein and nucleic acid information of host cells, thus, they are considered to be reliable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, current EVs detection relies on technical expertise that requires special equipment to readout signals that prevent its point‐of‐care testing. In this study, we propose a Pattern Recognition of Molecular in Interest on Single EVs (PROMISE) strategy for clinical EVs detection. This strategy combines an aptamer‐based DNA processor on single EVs, and a color‐rendering enzyme to provide a visual output for naked‐eyes enabled profiling. We demonstrate 100% accuracy in breast cancer discrimination. Furthermore, by utilizing thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), we achieve a simultaneous screening of two types of cancers (breast and prostate cancer) in one sample. This PROMISE strategy could serve as a versatile platform for point‐of‐care EVs diagnosis.
Patterns of recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to inform personalized surveillance protocols
Authors: Haring Catherine T. , Kana Lulia A. , Dermody Sarah M. , Brummel Collin , McHugh Jonathan B. , Casper Keith A. , Chinn Steven B. , Malloy Kelly M. , Mierzwa Michelle , Prince Mark E. P. , Rosko Andrew J. , Shah Jennifer , Stucken Chaz L. , Shuman Andrew G. , Brenner J. Chad , Spector Matthew E. , Worden Francis P. , Swiecicki Paul L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of evidence‐based post‐treatment surveillance guidelines in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) is limited by comprehensive documentation of patterns of recurrence and metastatic spread.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with R/M HNSCC at a National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer center between 1998– 2019 was performed (n = 447). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified patterns of recurrence and predictors of survival.ResultsMedian overall survival (mOS) improved over time (6.7 months in 1998–2007 to 11.8 months in 2008–2019, p = .006). Predictors of worse mOS included human papillomavirus (HPV) negativity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.6), high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (HR, 2.1 [1.4–3.0], disease‐free interval (DFI) ≤6 months (HR, 1.4 [1.02–2.0]), and poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ≥2; HR, 1.91.1–3.4). In this cohort, 50.6% of recurrences occurred within 6 months of treatment completion, 72.5% occurred within 1 year, and 88.6% occurred within 2 years. Metachronous distant metastases were more likely to occur in patients with HPV‐positive disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [1.4–4.0]), DFI >6 months (OR, 2.4 [1.5–4.0]), and body mass index ≥30 (OR, 2.3 [1.1–4.8]). Oligometastatic disease treated with local ablative therapy was associated with improved survival over polymetastatic disease (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24–0.55).ConclusionThese data regarding patterns of distant metastasis in HNSCC support the clinical utility of early detection of recurrence. Patterns of recurrence in this population can be used to inform individualized surveillance programs as well as to risk‐stratify eligible patients for clinical trials.Plain Language Summary

After treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), patients are at risk of recurrence at prior sites of disease or at distant sites in the body.

This study includes a large group of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNC and examines factors associated with survival outcomes and recurrence patterns.

Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive HNC have good survival outcomes, but if they recur, this may be in distant regions of the body and may occur later than HPV‐negative patients.

These data argue for personalized follow‐up schedules for patients with HNC, perhaps incorporating imaging studies or novel blood tests.
The prognostic role of mitotic rate in cutaneous malignant melanoma: Evidence from a multicenter study on behalf of the Italian Melanoma Intergroup
Authors: Patuzzo Roberto , Mattavelli Ilaria , Gallino Gianfranco , Galeone Carlotta , Valeri Barbara , Mocellin Simone , Del Fiore Paolo , Ribero Simone , Mandalà Mario , Tauceri Francesca , Lombardo Maurizio , Maurichi Andrea ,   Italian Melanoma Intergroup
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to improve the understanding of the prognostic value of tumor mitotic rate (TMR) in cutaneous melanoma and assessed its significance as a predictor for overall, melanoma‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective multicenter Italian cohort study of 13,016 patients diagnosed with and treated for invasive primary melanoma between 2005 and 2020 with median follow‐up of 5.5 years. The survival probability was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method, hazard ratios (HRs), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of all‐cause mortality and recurrence/death by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsHigher dermal mitoses number was associated with decreased overall survival. Among patients with TMR 0/mm2, 1/mm2, 2/mm2–3/mm2, 4/mm2–10/mm2, and >10/mm2, 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 97.3%, 93.6%, 88.3%, 73.0%, and 60.9%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, compared to TMR of 0/mm2, HRs for all‐cause mortality were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.08–1.68), 1.70 (95% CI, 1.40–2.07), 2.04 (95% CI, 1.67–2.49), and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.90–3.00) for 1 mitoses/mm2, 2 mitoses/mm2–3 mitoses/mm2, 4 mitoses/mm2–10 mitoses/mm2, and >10 mitoses/mm2, respectively. A similar increase in risks was observed in melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). The HRs for MSS and RFS for the highest compared to the lowest TMR category were 3.01 (95% CI, 2.20–4.11) and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.88–2.73), respectively. Sentinel lymph‐node biopsy positivity was significantly associated with TMR increase even with adjustment for several potential confounders.ConclusionsA clear association was demonstrated between an increasing TMR and decreased OS, MSS, and RFS, suggesting a reconsideration of TMR prognostic role for future inclusion in the melanoma staging system.Plain Language Summary

The 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer for melanoma staging removed tumor mitotic rate (TMR) from the staging criteria for T1 melanomas, giving way to ulceration and tumor thickness as stronger prognostic predictors.

However, it is still recommended that TMR should be assessed and recorded in all primary invasive melanomas.

In a large retrospective multicenter study on primary invasive melanomas, we investigated the prognostic value of TMR to assess its significance as survival predictor.

Our results showed a clear association between increasing TMR and decreased patients' survival, suggesting that TMR should be considered for inclusion in the melanoma staging system.
The effect of thoracic dimensions on compression depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Moradicheghamahi Jafar , Fortuny Gerard , López Josep M. , Puigjaner Dolors , Herrero Joan , Azeli Youcef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effect of the dimensions of the thoracic cage on the resuscitation outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers has long been debated. In this study, the effect of changes in the rib cage dimensions on the achieved compression depth was investigated using finite element simulations. A total of 216 different rib cage geometry models were considered and, in each case, the result of applying different levels of compression force up to 600 N were simulated. The Haller Index of the rib cage is defined as the ratio of the transverse diameter and the antero‐posterior diameter. Our results suggest that, with a fixed level of compression force, performing CPR on rib cages having a low Haller Index and/or a larger height leads to compression depths below the average. Alternatively, if a target compression depth is set for CPR, in general a lower compression force would be required for individuals with higher Haller Index and/or lower chest height. In addition, present results indicate that wider chested individuals will experience lower stress levels on their ribs to achieve the required CPR target depth. Moreover, in the present study we propose predictive models, based on anthropometric parameters, for compression depth and rib stress during chest compressions. In particular, the model suggests that in future correlations of empirical CPR data the patients' Haller index and vertical (sagittal) cross‐area are the best parameters to be used as independent variables in a fit.
Good to know – This is PPIE! Development of a training tool for public and patient involvement and engagement in pediatric oncological research
Authors: Weiler‐Wichtl Liesa Josephine , Leiss Ulrike , Gojo Johannes , Kienesberger Anita , Hansl Rita , Hopfgartner Maximilian , Schneider Carina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPublic and Patient Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) in research is still a poorly understood and infrequently practiced concept, although the literature stresses clear benefits for quality of care and research as well as patient satisfaction and empowerment.AimThe presently described project aimed at using different PPIE methods to evaluate the current state of knowledge about and attitude toward PPIE in research among different stakeholders of pediatric oncology in Europe. Based on the findings a tailored training tool directed toward the different stakeholders will be designed.Methods and ResultsAn interdisciplinary steering group developed a mixed‐method 3‐stage process to (1) investigate the current knowledge and attitudes about PPIE using a Europe‐wide cross‐sectional online survey directed toward health care professionals (n = 134) and the patient group (patients, survivors, family members, …) (n = 168). The results were analyzed quantitatively, focusing on group comparisons (t‐tests, X2 tests). (2) In a live workshop with n = 36 participants (HCPs and patient group) dual moderation teams (HCPs and patient experts) guided the exploration of effective ways for practicing PPIE. Despite classifying PPIE as relevant, both HCPs and patients indicated a low level of knowledge about the concept and terminology (patients: t(334) = −2.82, p = .004; HCPs: t(270) = −2.88, p = .004). While HCPs assumed to already be involving patients in many research areas, this was not perceived by the patient group (X2 (1, N = 304) = 42.70, p < .001). HCPs and patients named similar obstacles for implementing PPIE in research, though numerous creative solutions were found during the workshop (engagement). (3) The outcomes were integrated into a training tool (White‐Board movie).ConclusionAlthough HCPs and patients acknowledge the benefit of PPIE, the presented results highlight the lack of awareness about the concept, and the need for effective tools for researchers to integrate PPIE throughout the entire research process, thereby contributing to a sustainable change within the scientific culture.
Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration
Authors: Sapountzaki Eleftheria , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul , Antonopoulou Io 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy‐intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen‐dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2‐recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
FGFR2 mutations promote endometrial cancer progression through dual engagement of EGFR and Notch signalling pathways
Authors: Dixit Garima , Gonzalez‐Bosquet Jesus , Skurski Joseph , Devor Eric J. , Dickerson Erin B. , Nothnick Warren B. , Issuree Priya D. , Leslie Kimberly K. , Maretzky Thorsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase gene fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) occur at a high frequency in endometrial cancer (EC) and have been linked to advanced and recurrent disease. However, little is known about how these mutations drive carcinogenesis.MethodsDifferential transcriptomic analysis and two‐step quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) assays were applied to identify genes differentially expressed in two cohorts of EC patients carrying mutations in the FGFR2 gene as well as in EC cells harbouring mutations in the FGFR2. Candidate genes and target signalling pathways were investigated by qRT‐PCR assays, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analysis. The functional roles of differently regulated genes were analysed using in vitro and in vivo experiments, including 3D‐orthotypic co‐culture systems, cell proliferation and migration protocols, as well as colony and focus formation assays together with murine xenograft tumour models. The molecular mechanisms were examined using CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function and pharmacological approaches as well as luciferase reporter techniques, cell‐based ectodomain shedding assays and bioinformatics analysis.ResultsWe show that common FGFR2 mutations significantly enhance the sensitivity to FGF7‐mediated activation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)17 and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We further show that FGFR2 mutants trigger the activation of ADAM10‐mediated Notch signalling in an ADAM17‐dependent manner, highlighting for the first time an intimate cooperation between EGFR and Notch pathways in EC. Differential transcriptomic analysis in EC cells in a cohort of patients carrying mutations in the FGFR2 gene identified a strong association between FGFR2 mutations and increased expression of members of the Notch pathway and ErbB receptor family. Notably, FGFR2 mutants are not constitutively active but require FGF7 stimulation to reprogram Notch and EGFR pathway components, resulting in ADAM17‐dependent oncogenic growth.ConclusionsThese findings highlight a pivotal role of ADAM17 in the pathogenesis of EC and provide a compelling rationale for targeting ADAM17 protease activity in FGFR2‐driven cancers.
Interspecific coral competition does not affect the symbiosis of gall crabs (Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) and their scleractinian hosts
Authors: Bähr Susanne , van der Meij Sancia E. T. , Terraneo Tullia I. , Xu Tao , Benzoni Francesca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoral reefs accommodate a myriad of species, many of which live in association with a host organism. Decapod crustaceans make up a large part of this associated fauna on coral reefs. Among these, cryptochirid crabs are obligately associated with scleractinian corals, in which they create dwellings where they permanently reside. These gall crabs show various levels of host specificity, with the majority of cryptochirids inhabiting a specific coral genus or species. Here, we report the first records of gall crabs living in association with two different Porites species in the Red Sea. Crescent‐shaped dwellings were observed in Porites rus and a Porites sp. in situ, and colonies with crabs were collected for further study in the laboratory. Using a combination of morphology and DNA barcoding, the crabs were identified as belonging to Opecarcinus, a genus only known to inhabit Agariciidae corals. The coral skeleton was bleached and studied under a stereo microscope, which revealed that the Porites corals overgrew adjoining agariciid Pavona colonies. We hypothesize that the gall crab originally settled on Pavona, its primary host of choice. Due to coral interspecific competition the Porites colony overgrew the adjacent Pavona colonies, resulting in a secondary and never before reported association of Opecarcinus with Porites. These findings suggest that cryptochirid crabs can adapt to the new microenvironment provided by a different coral host and survive competition for space on coral reefs.
Phenotypic divergence in an island bee population: Applying geometric morphometrics to discriminate population‐level variation in wing venation
Authors: Ostwald Madeleine M. , Thrift Charles N. , Seltmann Katja C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhenotypic divergence is an important consequence of restricted gene flow in insular populations. This divergence can be challenging to detect when it occurs through subtle shifts in morphological traits, particularly in traits with complex geometries, like insect wing venation. Here, we employed geometric morphometrics to assess the extent of variation in wing venation patterns across reproductively isolated populations of the social sweat bee, Halictus tripartitus. We examined wing morphology of specimens sampled from a reproductively isolated population of H. tripartitus on Santa Cruz Island (Channel Islands, Southern California). Our analysis revealed significant differentiation in wing venation in this island population relative to conspecific mainland populations. We additionally found that this population‐level variation was less pronounced than the species‐level variation in wing venation among three sympatric congeners native to the region, Halictus tripartitus, Halictus ligatus, and Halictus farinosus. Together, these results provide evidence for subtle phenotypic divergence in an island bee population. More broadly, these results emphasize the utility and potential of wing morphometrics for large‐scale assessment of insect population structure.
Predation of Daurian redstarts offspring in nest boxes by the Oriental magpie‐robin and tree sparrow
Authors: Wan Guixia , Zhao Huahua , Liu Xizhu , Wang Longwu , Liang Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBirds select suitable nest sites for breeding to ensure their own and offspring's survival; however, they inevitably suffer some potential predation risk. We studied the breeding ecology of Daurian redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) by providing nest boxes for their breeding from March to August of 2022. We recorded the predation of both Daurian redstarts eggs or nestlings by Oriental magpie‐robins (Copsychus saularis) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Oriental magpie‐robin were recorded attacking a feeding female adult and depredating nestlings. After the nestling predation event, the Daurian redstarts abandoned the nest. This video evidence provide a better understanding of the potential predators of cavity‐nesting birds.
Using seasonal climate scenarios in the ForageAhead annual forage production model for early drought impact assessment
Authors: Poděbradská Markéta , Wylie Bruce K. , Hayes Michael J. , Bathke Deborah J. , Bayissa Yared A. , Boyte Stephen P. , Brown Jesslyn F. , Wardlow Brian D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh interannual variability of forage production in semiarid grasslands leads to uncertainties when livestock producers make decisions, such as buying additional feed, relocating animals, or using flexible stocking. Within‐season predictions of annual forage production (i.e., yearly production) can provide specific boundaries for producers to make these decisions with more information and possibly with higher confidence. In this study, we use a recently developed forage production model, ForageAhead, that uses environmental and seasonal climate variables to estimate the annual forage production as approximated by remotely sensed vegetation data. Because, among other variables, this model uses observed summer climate data, the model output cannot be produced early enough in the year (e.g., spring months) to inform within‐season management decisions. To address this issue, we developed summer climate scenarios (e.g., extremely warm and dry and moderately cool and wet) that serve as an input in the model in combination with observed winter and spring climate data from a particular year. The summer climate scenarios used historical summer precipitation and temperature data (1950–2018) categorized into three, five, and seven percentile categories. These percentile values were then combined to represent summer climate scenarios, which were further used as the ForageAhead model input. We tested the optimal number of percentile categories to be used as the model input to obtain accurate prediction of forage production while also minimizing the number of possible temperature and precipitation combinations, which increases with the number of percentile categories. For the 19‐year period analysis (2000–2018), we also determined the most and least common scenarios that occurred in the western United States. When using five percentile categories for summer precipitation and temperature, we were able to capture the interannual variability in the spatial extent of abnormally low and high biomass production. The ForageAhead predictions captured similar spatial patterns of forage anomalies as another similar model (Grass‐Cast). This method can be made available in a user‐friendly automated system that can be used by livestock producers and rangeland managers to inform within‐season management decisions. This method can be especially valuable for flexible stocking as it provides a range of possible annual forage production scenarios by the end of May.