bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised deep learning framework for data‐driven gating in positron emission tomography
Authors: Li Tiantian , Xie Zhaoheng , Qi Wenyuan , Asma Evren , Qi Jinyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysiological motion, such as respiratory motion, has become a limiting factor in the spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as the resolution of PET detectors continue to improve. Motion‐induced misregistration between PET and CT images can also cause attenuation correction artifacts. Respiratory gating can be used to freeze the motion and to reduce motion induced artifacts.PurposeIn this study, we propose a robust data‐driven approach using an unsupervised deep clustering network that employs an autoencoder (AE) to extract latent features for respiratory gating.MethodsWe first divide list‐mode PET data into short‐time frames. The short‐time frame images are reconstructed without attenuation, scatter, or randoms correction to avoid attenuation mismatch artifacts and to reduce image reconstruction time. The deep AE is then trained using reconstructed short‐time frame images to extract latent features for respiratory gating. No additional data are required for the AE training. K‐means clustering is subsequently used to perform respiratory gating based on the latent features extracted by the deep AE. The effectiveness of our proposed Deep Clustering method was evaluated using physical phantom and real patient datasets. The performance was compared against phase gating based on an external signal (External) and image based principal component analysis (PCA) with K‐means clustering (Image PCA).ResultsThe proposed method produced gated images with higher contrast and sharper myocardium boundaries than those obtained using the External gating method and Image PCA. Quantitatively, the gated images generated by the proposed Deep Clustering method showed larger center of mass (COM) displacement and higher lesion contrast than those obtained using the other two methods.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of our proposed method was validated using physical phantom and real patient data. The results showed our proposed framework could provide superior gating than the conventional External method and Image PCA.
Factors influencing stigma among healthcare professionals towards people who use illicit drugs in Japan: A quantitative study
Authors: Katayama Munenori , Sugiura Kanna , Fujishiro So , Konishi Jun , Inada Ken , Shirakawa Norihito , Matsumoto Toshihiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimStigma among healthcare professionals toward people who use drugs (PWUDs) must be addressed for recovery. However, research on this topic is limited in Japan, therefore we developed a brand‐new scale through coproduction with PWUDs to measure stigma and conducted a survey using the developed scale to examine what influences stigma towards PWUDs in Japanese healthcare settings.MethodsBased on interviews with PWUDs and their families, we developed a survey containing 24 questions on stigma toward PWUDs. The survey was sent to healthcare professionals working in the public sector. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor construct. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analyses with each factor of the stigma questions set as a dependent variable were conducted to discover the specific contribution of each variable to professionals' stigma.ResultsThe six factors suggested by the EFA showed a good fit, as confirmed by the CFA of the stigma questions. GLMM discovered that “currently providing treatment services to PWUDs,” “having PWUDs close to themselves,” and “experiencing violence by the client when providing treatment services” were significantly associated with higher stigma scale scores. “Experience in receiving support,” “attending self‐help groups,” and “using peer‐based recovery support with PWUDs” were significantly associated with lower stigma scale scores.ConclusionThe scale coproduced with local PWUDs can be a reliable tool to measure the stigma PWUDs face in Japan. Further results indicate that interaction with recovered PWUDs should be promoted.
Allosteric inhibition of myosin by phenamacril: a synergistic mechanism revealed by computational and experimental approaches
Authors: Bao Yiqiong , Xu Yan , Jia Fangying , Li Mengrong , Xu Ran , Zhang Feng , Guo Jingjing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyosin plays a crucial role in cellular processes, while its dysfunction can lead to organismal malfunction. Phenamacril (PHA), a highly species‐specific and non‐competitive inhibitor of myosin I (FgMyoI) from Fusarium graminearum, has been identified as an effective fungicide for controlling plant diseases caused by partial Fusarium pathogens, such as wheat scab and rice bakanae. However, the molecular basis of its action is still unclear.ResultsThis study used multiple computational approaches first to elucidate the allosteric inhibition mechanism of FgMyoI by PHA at the atomistic level. The results indicated the increase of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding affinity upon PHA binding, which might impede the release of hydrolysis products. Furthermore, simulations revealed a broadened outer cleft and a significantly more flexible interface for actin binding, accompanied by a decrease in signaling transduction from the catalytic center to the actin‐binding interface. These various effects might work together to disrupt the actomyosin cycle and hinder the ability of motor to generate force. Our experimental results further confirmed that PHA reduces the enzymatic activity of myosin and its binding with actin.ConclusionTherefore, our findings demonstrated that PHA might suppress the function of myosin through a synergistic mechanism, providing new insights into myosin allostery and offering new avenues for drug/fungicide discovery targeting myosin. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ensuring the continued success of a mulch biowall at a trichloroethylene‐contaminated superfund site: Lessons learned
Authors: Ghandehari Shahrzad Saffari , Cheng Shih‐Huai , Hapeman Cathleen J. , Torrents Alba , Kjellerup Birthe Veno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrichloroethylene (TCE) is a toxic organic compound, which can adversely affect human health. The chemical is one of the most frequently found contaminants in groundwater in the United States and around the world. A landfill in Maryland contaminated with high levels of TCE decades ago was added to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Priority List (NPL) in 1994. A biowall was installed on the site in 2013 to promote the bioremediation of TCE and subsequently of its degradation products. Six‐year monitoring data indicated a steady removal of >99% groundwater TCE at the wall since installation. However, a concurrent buildup of intermediate byproducts was observed downgradient of the wall. An examination of the entire system was necessary to find the reason behind the inefficiency of the biowall. In this study, the background of the site, remediation plan, and installation were assessed. Monitoring data, including the concentration of TCE and its degradation byproducts, and geochemical and physical characteristics were evaluated to understand the conditions and challenges facing decision‐makers of this project and possible options to improve biowall efficacy.
Finite‐time stabilization of Markovian switched stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems with inverse dynamics
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Hua , Zhang Xue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the finite‐time stabilization of a class of nonlocal Lipschitzian stochastic nonlinear systems with Markovian switching and stochastic inverse dynamics. We first present the finite‐time stability theory for stochastic nonlinear systems with Markovian switching under the framework of weak solutions. Then, a finite‐time controller with state feedback is constructed for a class of stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems with Markovian switching and stochastic inverse dynamics. The trivial weak solution of the closed‐loop system is proved to be globally finite‐time stable in probability. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is verified by a simulation example.
Recent Progress of Covalent Organic Frameworks‐Based Materials in Photocatalytic Applications: A Review
Authors: Qi Shi‐peng , Guo Rui‐tang , Bi Zhe‐xu , Zhang Zhen‐rui , Li Chu‐fan , Pan Wei‐guo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one type of porous organic materials linked by covalent bonds. COFs materials exhibit many outstanding characteristics such as high porosity, high chemical and thermal stability, large specific surface area, efficient electron transfer efficiency, and the ability for predesigned structures. These exceptional advantages enable COFs materials to exhibit remarkable performance in photocatalysis. Additionally, the activity of COFs materials as photocatalysts can be significantly upgraded by ion doping and the formation of heterojunctions. This paper summarizes the latest research progress on COF‐based materials applied in photocatalytic systems. Initially, typical structures and preparation methods of COFs are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the essential principles of photocatalytic reactions over COFs‐based materials and the latest research developments in photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, pollutants elimination, organic transformation, and overall water splitting are indicated. At last, the outlook and challenges of COF‐based materials in photocatalysis are discussed. This review is intended to permit instructive guidance for the efficient use of photocatalysis based on COFs in the future.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives‐Based Nanostructure with Different Dimensionalities for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Aitang , Zhang Quan , Fu Hucheng , Zong Hanwen , Guo Hanwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the urgent demand for the achievement of carbon neutrality, novel nanomaterials, and environmentally friendly nanotechnologies are constantly being explored and continue to drive the sustainable development of energy storage and conversion installations. Among various candidate materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives with unique nanostructures have attracted increasing attention and intensive investigation for the construction of next generation electrode materials, benefitting from their unique intrinsic characteristics such as large specific surface area, high porosity, and chemical tunability as well as the interconnected channels. Nevertheless, the poor electrochemical conductivity severely limits their application prospects, hence a variety of nanocomposites with multifarious structures have been designed and proposed from different dimensionalities. In this review, recent advances based on MOFs and their derivatives in different dimensionalities ranging from 1D nanopowders to 2D nanofilms and 3D aerogels, as well as 4D self‐supporting electrodes for supercapacitors are summarized and highlighted. Furthermore, the key challenges and perspectives of MOFs and their derivatives‐based materials for the practical and sustainable electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications are also briefly discussed, which may be served as a guideline for the design of next‐generation electrode materials from different dimensionalities.
Inequalities in Neo-mutualistic Professional Organisations: The Boundary Work of Creative Workers in Italy
Authors: Lucciarini Silvia , Pulignano Valeria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss how multi-professional organisations, such as mutual aid cooperatives of creative workers, operate as agents of differentiation within and between professions. Analysing the actions of individuals and organisations and how they influence each other is key to understanding their implications in terms of differentiation ‘within’ and ‘between’ professions, in the dual sense of a growing division of labour, and also rising inequalities amongst workers operating in the same occupational ecosystem but in different professional fields. Drawing on Lamont and Molnar’s concept of ‘boundary work’ that is already used in the sociology of professions, we seek to uncover and explain the relational dynamics that characterise the ‘professional closure regimes’ set up in creative industries as a result of the activities of cooperatives of creative workers and of the workers themselves.Our work is grounded in a case study of an Italy-based creative workers’ cooperative employing approximately 8000 workers with different professional profiles; in the analysis, these are photographers, video makers, and lighting and sound technicians.
WKB analysis of the linear problem for modified affine Toda field equations
Authors: Ito Katsushi , Zhu Mingshuo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the WKB analysis of the solutions to the linear problem for a modified affine Toda field equation, which is equivalent to the higher-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) studied in the ODE/IM correspondence. After gauge transformation, we diagonalize the flat connection of the linear problem to reduce the latter to a set of independent first-order linear differential equations. We explicitly perform this procedure for classical affine Lie algebras with lower ranks. In particular, we study the WKB solutions of the $$ {D}_r^{(1)} $$

D
r

1

- and $$ {D}_{r+1}^{(2)} $$

D

r
+
1

2

-type linear problems, which correspond to the higher-order ODEs with the pseudo-differential operator. The diagonalized connection is obtained from the Riccati equations of the adjoint linear problem and related to the conserved currents of the integrable hierarchy constructed by Drinfeld and Sokolov up to total derivatives.
SERCA2 regulates proinsulin processing and processing enzyme maturation in pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Iida Hitoshi , Kono Tatsuyoshi , Lee Chih-Chun , Krishnan Preethi , Arvin Matthew C. , Weaver Staci A. , Jarvela Timothy S. , Branco Renato C. S. , McLaughlin Madeline R. , Bone Robert N. , Tong Xin , Arvan Peter , Lindberg Iris , Evans-Molina Carmella 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Increased circulating levels of incompletely processed insulin (i.e. proinsulin) are observed clinically in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have suggested that Ca2+ signalling within beta cells regulates insulin processing and secretion; however, the mechanisms that link impaired Ca2+ signalling with defective insulin maturation remain incompletely understood.

Methods
We generated mice with beta cell-specific sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase-2 (SERCA2) deletion (βS2KO mice) and used an INS-1 cell line model of SERCA2 deficiency. Whole-body metabolic phenotyping, Ca2+ imaging, RNA-seq and protein processing assays were used to determine how loss of SERCA2 impacts beta cell function. To test key findings in human model systems, cadaveric islets were treated with diabetogenic stressors and prohormone convertase expression patterns were characterised.

Results
βS2KO mice exhibited age-dependent glucose intolerance and increased plasma and pancreatic levels of proinsulin, while endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels and glucose-stimulated Ca2+ synchronicity were reduced in βS2KO islets. Islets isolated from βS2KO mice and SERCA2-deficient INS-1 cells showed decreased expression of the active forms of the proinsulin processing enzymes PC1/3 and PC2. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining revealed mis-location and abnormal accumulation of proinsulin and proPC2 in the intermediate region between the ER and the Golgi (i.e. the ERGIC) and in the cis-Golgi in beta cells of βS2KO mice. Treatment of islets from human donors without diabetes with high glucose and palmitate concentrations led to reduced expression of the active forms of the proinsulin processing enzymes, thus phenocopying the findings observed in βS2KO islets and SERCA2-deficient INS-1 cells. Similar findings were observed in wild-type mouse islets treated with brefeldin A, a compound that perturbs ER-to-Golgi trafficking.

Conclusions/interpretation
Taken together, these data highlight an important link between ER Ca2+ homeostasis and proinsulin processing in beta cells. Our findings suggest a model whereby chronic ER Ca2+ depletion due to SERCA2 deficiency impairs the spatial regulation of prohormone trafficking, processing and maturation within the secretory pathway.

Data availability
RNA-seq data have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; accession no.: GSE207498).

Graphical Abstract
The Dean–Kawasaki Equation and the Structure of Density Fluctuations in Systems of Diffusing Particles
Authors: Cornalba Federico , Fischer Julian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Dean–Kawasaki equation—a strongly singular SPDE—is a basic equation of fluctuating hydrodynamics; it has been proposed in the physics literature to describe the fluctuations of the density of N independent diffusing particles in the regime of large particle numbers $$N\gg 1$$

N
≫
1

. The singular nature of the Dean–Kawasaki equation presents a substantial challenge for both its analysis and its rigorous mathematical justification. Besides being non-renormalisable by the theory of regularity structures by Hairer et al., it has recently been shown to not even admit nontrivial martingale solutions. In the present work, we give a rigorous and fully quantitative justification of the Dean–Kawasaki equation by considering the natural regularisation provided by standard numerical discretisations: We show that structure-preserving discretisations of the Dean–Kawasaki equation may approximate the density fluctuations of N non-interacting diffusing particles to arbitrary order in $$N^{-1}$$

N

-
1

(in suitable weak metrics). In other words, the Dean–Kawasaki equation may be interpreted as a “recipe” for accurate and efficient numerical simulations of the density fluctuations of independent diffusing particles.
Multi-vector optimization scheme for distributed components in energy islands
Authors: Gagin Stepan , Bettermann Michael , de Meer Hermann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in energy systems, such as the emergence of prosumers and sector coupling approaches, introduce additional flexibilities over multiple energy sectors, such as heating, electricity, and mobility. Due to the complexity of such distributed systems, the optimization of energy allocation is a non-trivial task, especially considering constraints and limitations introduced by distributed devices or sub-systems. Additionally, the variety of devices forces approaches to be highly situational and not universally applicable. In this paper, a two-level optimization scheme is proposed, which aims at reducing the optimization complexity of sector-coupled systems. The multi-vector optimization embedded in the two-level optimization scheme is formulated as a mixed-integer linear problem, optimizing the energy flow between domains, which are modeled as an abstraction of a sector. Distributed devices are modeled as components that represent an abstraction of devices connected to an energy domain. The optimization process is evaluated based on the data from a residential complex in Ghent, Belgium. It shows that the approach is capable of minimizing costs, $$\text{CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions, and dependency on external resources.
Towards interoperable local energy communities in Austria
Authors: Eibl Günther , Kazmi Jawad , Langthaler Oliver , Schirl Maximilian , Wilker Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo ensure continued reliable operation of the energy grid in the face of a rising number of local energy communities (LECs), they need to be integrated in a way that ensures that they do not negatively impact but rather support the overall system, e.g., by providing flexibility. Project ECOSINT aims at intelligent, digital integration of LECs to achieve this goal. Along with several other tasks, this includes the development of a suitable software architecture, which is currently in progress and has yielded a conceptual model as a first result. Among the numerous requirements regarding LECs and their software architecture which have been collected in the initial phase of the project, interoperability has been identified as a crucial factor for success. This is addressed by incorporating AIT’s virtual lab (VLab) framework, which is presented and demonstrated using the example of an electric vehicle (EV) charging scenario as part of the ECOSINT solution.
Robustness and sensitivity analyses of rough Volterra stochastic volatility models
Authors: Matas Jan , Pospíšil Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the robustness and sensitivity of various continuous-time rough Volterra stochastic volatility models in relation to the process of market calibration. Model robustness is examined from two perspectives: the sensitivity of option price estimates and the sensitivity of parameter estimates to changes in the option data structure. The following sensitivity analysis consists of statistical tests to determine whether a given studied model is sensitive to changes in the option data structure based on the distribution of parameter estimates. Empirical study is performed on a data set consisting of Apple Inc. equity options traded on four different days in April and May 2015. In particular, the results for RFSV, rBergomi and $$\alpha $$
α
RFSV models are provided and compared to the results for Heston, Bates, and AFSVJD models.
Expected values for variable network games
Authors: Chakrabarti Subhadip , Gogoi Loyimee , Gilles Robert P. , Borkotokey Surajit , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA network game assigns a level of collectively generated wealth to every network that can form on a given set of players. A variable network game combines a network game with a network formation probability distribution, describing certain restrictions on network formation. Expected levels of collectively generated wealth and expected individual payoffs can be formulated in this setting. We investigate properties of the resulting expected wealth levels as well as the expected variants of well-established network game values as allocation rules that assign to every variable network game a payoff to the players in a variable network game. We establish two axiomatizations of the Expected Myerson Value, originally formulated and proven on the class of communication situations, based on the well-established component balance, equal bargaining power and balanced contributions properties. Furthermore, we extend an established axiomatization of the Position Value based on the balanced link contribution property to the Expected Position Value.