bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating caprine remains of the Swedish Funnel Beaker culture through ZooMS
Authors: Sjögren Karl-Göran , Buckley Michael , Vretemark Maria , Axelsson Tony 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn northern Europe, the first indications of a Neolithic lifestyle appear around 4000 cal BC from northern Germany up to middle Sweden and south-eastern Norway in an apparently short period of time, largely carried by immigrant populations bringing new species of plants and animals into the region. However, the nature of this domestication “package” is not everywhere the same, whereby both environmental and cultural filters acted on the particular set of species cultivated and bred in different regions. In Neolithic Scandinavia, cattle, pigs, and caprines (sheep and goat) are all present in varying proportions, with cattle more prominent in Denmark and pigs more prominent in more northerly areas. However, little is known about the ratio of sheep to goat remains within this region, largely due to difficulties in morphologically separating the two species. In this paper, we report the results from ZooMS analysis of 45 sheep/goat bone samples from two recently excavated Funnel Beaker settlements in Karleby, Falbygden, Sweden. The ZooMS analyses gave a clear and somewhat surprising result: 33 of the samples were classed as sheep, one as deer, and none of them as goat. In all likelihood, goats have not been present at all on these sites. A survey of the literature shows that while small numbers of goats are likely present in Denmark from the Early Neolithic, their presence in Sweden at this time is ambiguous and the few claims merit reassessment. Furthermore, the low numbers in Scandinavia compared to central and southern Europe suggests an overall geographic trend, with decreasing proportions of caprines as well as goats in the north.
Predicting Adolescents’ Physical Activity Intentions: Testing an Integrated Social Cognition Model
Authors: Balla Jessica , Polet Juho , Kokko Sami , Hirvensalo Mirja , Vasankari Tommi , Lintunen Taru , Hagger Martin S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Few adolescents meet guideline levels of physical activity associated with good health, highlighting the need for intervention. Interventions promoting adolescents’ physical activity should be guided by research applying behavioral theory to identify potentially modifiable correlates and associated processes. We applied an integrated social cognition model to identify theory-based constructs and processes that relate to physical activity intentions in a secondary analysis of two samples of Finnish adolescents using a correlational design.

Method
Participants in the first sample (n = 455) completed self-report measures of social cognition constructs from theory of planned behavior, habit, self-discipline, and past and current physical activities. Participants in the second sample (n = 3878) completed identical measures plus measures of socio-structural and socio-environmental factors. Participants from the first sample also wore accelerometers for 1 week. Hypothesized model effects were tested using variance-based structural equation modeling in data from the first sample and subsequently confirmed in a pre-registered analysis of data from the second sample.

Results
Across both samples, habit, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and self-reported past behavior were associated with physical activity intention. Effects of self-reported past physical activity on intention were partially mediated by social cognition constructs. Effects of accelerometer-based physical activity were small by comparison. Effects of socio-structural and socio-environmental factors on intention in the second sample were partially mediated by the social cognition constructs.

Conclusion
Results corroborate beliefs and habit as consistent correlates of adolescents’ physical activity intentions and provide preliminary evidence that social cognition constructs account for effects of socio-structural and socio-environmental factors on intentions.
Immediate and long-term effects of induced brood interruptions on the reproductive success of Varroa destructor
Authors: Gabel Martin , Scheiner Ricarda , Büchler Ralph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) spends the dispersal phase of its life cycle on adult honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). The meaning of this phase for both bees and mites is still not well understood. This especially applies to prolonged dispersal phases as a result of brood interruptions. Hence, it is highly important to unravel this phase for understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and implementing this knowledge in beekeeping practice and research efforts. We investigated the effects of brood interruptions on honeybee colonies and the mites naturally infesting them. Reproduction parameters, brood infestation and recapping frequency were monitored over 60 days after brood interruptions of varying durations. Our results show that recapping frequency and mite non-reproduction increased during the interruption of egg laying. The duration of interruption and the time elapsed afterwards additionally affected the occurrence of reproductive failure. Hence, the reproduction of mites was affected by brood breaks immediately and in the long run.
Accounting for diversity while assessing sustainability: insights from the Walloon bovine sectors
Authors: Riera Anton , Duluins Océane , Schuster Monica , Baret Philippe V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLivestock production is confronted with significant challenges across all dimensions of sustainability. There is an urgent need to identify sustainable livestock systems that are environmentally friendly, economically viable for farmers, and socially acceptable. To this end, diversity assessments and data-driven indicator-based sustainability assessments can be helpful tools. These two mutually reinforcing approaches each have their own dilemmas and strengths; however, their combination is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose a method that simultaneously assesses the diversity and sustainability of production systems within one agricultural sector, without compromising either aspect, while overcoming the dilemmas of diversity and sustainability assessments. We test our method on the Walloon dairy and beef sectors (Belgium) and base our assessment on data from the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). We apply relevant classification criteria to the sample farms to group them into production systems. The core data was complemented with calculated environmental indicators to perform a comprehensive sustainability assessment, including structural, socio-economic, and environmental indicators. Our results confirm the importance of complementing sustainability assessments with diversity assessments. Our case study results show that a diversity of livestock systems coexist and that it is possible to overcome trade-offs between economic and environmental performances. Extensive grass-based systems present the best combination of economic and environmental results, which highlights the importance of preserving grassland resources at the regional level. The proposed method proves effective to improve the relevance of FADN data and supports the ongoing call to transform the FADN into a more comprehensive database that satisfactorily covers all dimensions of sustainability.
U.S. health professionals’ perspectives on orthorexia nervosa: clinical utility, measurement and diagnosis, and perceived influence of sociocultural factors
Authors: Sanzari Christina M. , Hormes Julia M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study examined U.S. health professionals’ perspectives on the clinical utility, measurement, and etiology of orthorexia nervosa (ON).

Methods
Participants (n = 100) were U.S. health professionals with experience working clinically with eating disorders, including trainees, Ph.D. psychologists, social workers/mental health counselors, and medical health professionals. After reviewing the proposed ON criteria, participants responded to questions regarding the clinical utility, diagnosis, and measurement of ON, and sociocultural influence on the emergence of ON. Views of ON as a useful diagnostic category were examined as a function of participants’ current involvement in clinical versus research activities.

Results
Participants mostly (71.9%) agreed that ON should be a distinct clinical diagnosis. Participants who endorsed ON as a valid diagnosis spent more time on clinical work and less time engaged in research compared to participants who disagreed (both ps < 0.05). Approximately 27% of participants believed additional components should be added to the proposed ON diagnostic criteria. Participants indicated that sociocultural factors have considerable influence on the development of ON, namely the diet and weight loss industry, and the perceptions that biological/organic/vegan and low fat/low carb/gluten free food are the healthiest.

Conclusion
Professionals who spent more time working clinically with eating disorders were more likely to endorse ON as a unique disorder, and professionals who spent more time on research were more likely to disagree. To the extent that professionals who spend more time on research may shape the narrative around ON more visibly, this study underscores the importance of listening to practitioners' experiences in applied settings.
Level of evidence: Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Online Formation of Companies in Lithuania in a Comparative Context: Implementation of the Digitalisation Directive and Beyond
Authors: Bitė Virginijus , Romashchenko Ivan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor many years, paper was the main format for the registration of companies. The Digitalisation Directive, adopted in 2019, obliged European Union (EU) Member States to provide founders with the option to form private companies digitally. Although for Lithuania, where online formation of legal entities had already existed even before 2019, these regulatory developments did not bring about radical change, they forced the national legislator to introduce the required amendments. This article aims at studying the provisions of the Digitalisation Directive and the results of its implementation in Lithuania to suggest possible improvements in the online registration of companies. The laws of both EU jurisdictions (Estonia, Latvia, and Poland) and one non-EU jurisdiction (Ukraine) with experience of online registration of companies are investigated in comparison with Lithuanian law. In addition, the results of a survey Among Lithuanian law firms are presented and contribute to the analysis and interpretation of the legislation at hand. The article’s conclusions about the state of implementation of the Digitalisation Directive and the recommended steps beyond the Directive’s transposition provide for further enhancement of statutes and practices in this area.
Assessment of the petrophysical properties and hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Miocene Nukhul Formation in the Abu Rudeis-Sidri Field, Gulf of Suez Basin, Egypt
Authors: Farouk Sherif , Sen Souvik , Belal Nancy , Omran Mohammad A. , Assal Ehab M. , Sarhan Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLower Miocene rift sediments of the Nukhul Formation are one of the prominent hydrocarbon producers in the Gulf of Suez basin. In this study, we focused on the oil producing Nukhul sandstones of the Abu Rudeis-Sidri Field, located in the east central Gulf of Suez. Nukhul Formation is characterized by the prominent low amplitude seismic reflectors and represents the youngest identified reflector (Lower Miocene) in the study area. Petrophysical assessment was carried out using wireline logs to infer the reservoir characteristics. The Nukhul sandstone reservoir exhibits lower shale volume (< 0.1 dec dominantly), 0.07–0.16 dec total porosity and effective porosity up to 0.13 dec within the Nukhul sandstone interval. Bulk density-neutron porosity cross plot infers primarily sandstone matrix with the influence of carbonates, which characterizes the studied reservoir as calcareous sandstones. Spectral gamma ray data indicates montmorillonite as the principal clay phase along with minor kaolinite and illite. The calculated water saturation of the reservoir zone in the three productive wells ranges between 0.17 and 0.34 dec (i.e., the hydrocarbon saturation equals 0.66–0.87 dec). A small range of bulk volume of water (0.011–0.03 dec) indicates superior quality of the hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone intervals. Absence of productive sands in one of the studied wells, drilled in the hanging wall implied structural control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area. This study provides crucial insights regarding the quantitative petrophysical characteristics, reservoir quality distribution and hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Miocene Nukhul clastic reservoir.
A note on Halász’s Theorem in $${\mathbb {F}}_q[t]$$
Authors: Afshar Ardavan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the setting of the integers, Granville, Harper and Soundararajan showed that the upper bound in Halász’s Theorem can be improved for smoothly supported functions. We derive the analogous result for Halász’s Theorem in $${\mathbb {F}}_q[t]$$

F
q

[
t
]

, and then consider the converse question of when the general upper bound in this version of Halász’s Theorem is actually attained.
An investigation on responses of thermoelastic interactions of transversely isotropic thick circular plate due to ring load with memory-dependent derivatives
Authors: Kaur Iqbal , Singh Kulvinder 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present investigation has focus on the variations in a transversely isotropic thick circular plate subjected to ring loading. The modified Green Nagdhi (GN) heat conduction equation with and without energy dissipation by introducing memory-dependent derivatives (MDD) with two temperatures has been used to model the problem. General solutions to the field equations have been found using the Hankel and Laplace transform. The analytical expressions of stress, conductive temperature, and components of displacement are obtained in the transformed domain. Physical solutions have been obtained using numerical inversion techniques. The effects of Kernel functions of memory-dependent derivatives have been depicted graphically. The present investigation also reveals some specific cases.
Development and implementation of a centralized surveillance infection prevention program in a multi-facility health system: A quality improvement project
Authors: Snyder Graham M. , Wagester Suzanne , Harris Patricia L. , Valek Abby L. , Hodges Jacob C. , Bilderback Andrew L. , Kader Fazrina , Tanner Colleen A. , Metzger Amy P. , DiNucci Susan E. , Colaianne Bonnie V. , Chung Ashley , Zapf Rachel L. , Kip Paula L. , Minnier Tamra E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a unique centralized surveillance infection prevention (CSIP) program.

Design:
Observational quality improvement project.

Setting:
An integrated academic healthcare system.

Intervention:
The CSIP program comprises senior infection preventionists who are responsible for healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance and reporting, allowing local infection preventionists (LIPs) a greater portion of their time to non-surveillance patient safety activities. Four CSIP team members accrued HAI responsibilities at 8 facilities.

Methods:
We evaluated the effectiveness of the CSIP program using 4 measures: recovery of LIP time, efficiency of surveillance activities by LIPs and CSIP staff, surveys characterizing LIP perception of their effectiveness in HAI reduction, and nursing leaders’ perception of LIP effectiveness.

Results:
The amount of time spent by LIP teams on HAI surveillance was highly variable, while CSIP time commitment and efficiency was steady. Post-CSIP implementation, 76.9% of LIPs agreed that they spend adequate time on inpatient units, compared to 15.4% pre-CSIP; LIPs also reported more time to allot to non-surveillance activities. Nursing leaders reported greater satisfaction with LIP involvement with HAI reduction practices.

Conclusion:
CSIP programs are a little-reported strategy to ease burden on LIPs with reallocation of HAI surveillance. The analyses presented here will aid health systems in anticipating the benefit of CSIP programs.
How to Think About the Battle for the State at the WTO
Authors: Orford Anne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternational trade law has long been the site of a battle over who or what the state can represent. Today, that battle is taking a new form. While for decades the WTO was considered a centerpiece of the international economic order, the policy landscape is now awash with claims that the US should abandon WTO disciplines, critiques of the WTO as the vehicle for a coherent neoliberalism, and concerns about the implications of trade law for domestic industry, democratic participation, climate action, and national security. While I am a long-standing critic of trade law’s excesses, I don’t see that sudden shift as a cause for celebration. In order to understand why, I argue that it is necessary to pay careful attention to the different forms the battle for the state at the WTO has taken. This article explores the conditions and stakes of three key moments in that battle – the negotiation of the GATT and the era of decolonization, the end of the Cold War and the creation of the WTO, and the recent transformations caused by the decline of US power, the rise of China, and the systemic shock of climate change. I conclude that we cannot automatically apply critiques developed in earlier eras to the current situation.
The advanced flight deck
Authors: Wilson J. W. , Hillman R. E. 
Published: March 2023

Twenty years ago, the electronic valve gave way to the transistor; now the transistor as a discrete component has been replaced by the integrated circuit, and micro-processors are emerging as cheap, reliable and basic elements of electronic architecture.Each step has yielded a major reduction in the size of equipment needed to achieve a particular function or to improve performance—but in spite of miniaturisation, an increasing volume of avionics has been incorporated into succeeding generations of aircraft as requirements for greater precision and safety have arisen.Application has already provided striking improvements in the quality and ease of communication and navigation, which in turn have brought about the demise of the dedicated radio operator and navigator. The trend will continue with more automation of flight control and system management, leading to two-crew operation of most short and medium range aircraft—providing, of course, that the cost of ownership of additional equipment is less than the costs of the displaced crew member, and that flight safety standards continue to improve.
Rear body influence on base pressure
Authors: Das Indushekher , Mishra J. N. 
Published: March 2023

Little information is available on the behaviour of the base pressure on a body of revolution having a following body in its wake. A preliminary investigation for the case of axisymmetric rear body has been reported by Mishra and Chatterjee. Their experiments were conducted on a 20° included-angle blunt cone. Mishra and Das reported an investigation for the case of asymmetric rear bodies having the same diameter. These investigations indicate significant rear body effects on the base pressure.In multistage rockets, the flow characteristics of upper stages could be seriously affected by the proximity of a lower stage after they separate from one another.
Technical Note
Authors: Mohan S. R. , Stollery J. L. 
Published: March 2023

It was proposed in Ref. 1 that cryogenic temperatures can be achieved by the adiabatic isentropic expansion of a gas. The scheme is shown in Fig. 1. High pressure gas contained in A expands by means of valve 1 and cools. Valve 2 is then opened along with nozzle valve to push cold test gas through the working section.In the ideal case the process is isentropic. To achieve reservoir conditions of T=120K and P = 4·4 bars, the initial pressure needed would be 110 bars. However, because of heat transfer from the walls of the tube, the process is not ideal and the actual initial pressure needed is higher. The main parameters which affect the heat transfer are the internal surface area of the tube, the rate of expansion governed by the size of valve 1 and the initial pressure of the gas.
Some measurements of gun blast on a Lightning aircraft
Authors: Mabey D. G. 
Published: March 2023

Previous papers, described the blast loads measured on a long, flat plate near the muzzle of an isolated rifle mounted in a wind tunnel at subsonic and supersonic speeds. For this idealised configuration, these measurements confirmed the validity of the approximate theory due to Frank Smith to predict the level of the blast loads from guns mounted on static or moving aircraft.However, for real aircraft the gun is generally installed in a blister or fairing and the fuselage adjacent to the muzzle may have considerable curvature. These features, which are different for every installation, modify the blast wave in a way not easily amenable to calculation.In the present paper the blast loads on the fuselage of a typical fighter aircraft near the muzzle of a cannon were measured in flight at subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds.
The training of synthetic trainer technicians in the Royal Air Force
Authors: Hector P. J. , Martin-Jones I. L. , Walton J. T. 
Published: March 2023

1. The training of airmen for trades in the ground electronics engineering trade group of the Royal Air Force, and in the trade which maintains flight simulators and other synthetic aviation trainers, is carried out at No 1 Radio School which since the early 1950s has been based at RAF Locking near Weston-super-Mare, in the County of Avon. This paper explains the RAF's requirement for a trade dedicated to Synthetic Trainer maintenance and how the training of that trade was planned and implemented.2. In the early days of flight simulators the equipment used—of the Link trainer variety—was relatively simple using electrical and electro-pneumatic techniques. Maintenance was undertaken by electricians who received specialist training on the type to which they were assigned. With the development of sophisticated aircraft electronic instrumentation, radar, communications and weapons systems after the Second World War, flight simulators increased in complexity and servicing tradesmen were drawn from a variety of trades which themselves gave experience in electronics which provided essential background to undertaking simulator maintenance. The seven trades which donated tradesmen are shown in Fig. 1 which illustrates the range of basic skills used.
New technology S61N simulator
Authors: Hatfield N. D. 
Published: March 2023

The discovery of oil in the North Sea has resulted in a rapid expansion of helicopter operations in the United Kingdom.The pilots currently flying to and from oil rigs have either VFR ratings only or hold Certificates of Instrument Flying Competence. With the congestion of traffic in the North Sea area, there is clearly a requirement for increasing safety without further increases to traffic from training flights.According to Flight (2nd September 1978), legislation is to be introduced to establish an Instrument Rating (Helicopters) with effect from April 1979. Many of the pilots now flying will need further training to achieve this rating.British Airways Helicopters have installed a simulator for the Sikorsky S61N helicopter at Dyce airport, Aberdeen to facilitate training of pilots to fly the aircraft most commonly used for oil rig work. The simulator will be used for many aspects of training including instrument training.