bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical combined tranexamic acid and epinephrine versus topical epinephrine in control of intraoperative bleeding of external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Salamah Moustafa A. , Al Bialy Hani A. , Khairy Marwa A. , Ali Ali Goda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the efficacy of gauze soaked with combined tranexamic acid (TXA) (100 mg/ml) epinephrine 1:200,000 versus gauze soaked with only epinephrine 1:200,000 used to guard against intraoperative bleeding in external Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Patients and methods
The study included 33 patients; only 30 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were divided randomly into 2 groups using the random numbers table, with 15 patients in each group. The first group (Group A) was operated upon using gauze soaked with combined TXA (100 mg/ml) and epinephrine 1:200,000, while the second group (Group B) was operated upon using gauze soaked only with epinephrine 1:200,000.

Results
The amount of bleeding was significantly lower in group A (29.4 ± 17.1 ml) compared to group B (49.1 ± 18.1 ml), with a P value = 0.005. In addition, the number of used gauzes and total surgical time was significantly lower in group A compared to group B, with P value = 0.008 and 0.01 respectively.

Conclusion
External DCR using gauze soaked with combined TXA (100 mg/ml) and epinephrine 1:200,000 showed a significant reduction in the amount of intraoperative bleeding compared to gauze soaked with epinephrine 1:200,000 only. The reduction in the amount of bleeding with the addition of TXA resulted in clearer surgical field, shorter surgical time and more surgeon satisfaction.Query
Enhancing Mindfulness, Emotional Well-being and Strengths in Parenting via an Eight-week Flourishing Families Intervention
Authors: Laakso Mari , Fagerlund Åse , Westerlund-Cook Saija , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeing a parent influences both parent’s and children’s well-being in many ways; therefore, developing interventions that support parents in their important role as a parent is vital. The current study evaluated the effect of an eight-week Flourishing Families parental intervention on interpersonal mindfulness, emotions and strengths in parenting in Finland. Randomly allocated to intervention and wait-list control groups were 63 parents. In addition to questionnaires, parents completed 5-day mobile Experience Sampling Method (ESM) assessments, both at pre- and post-intervention. The questionnaires were repeated at a follow-up 3 months after the intervention. Data analysis involved two datasets: randomized and pooled. The findings of this study suggest that participation in the Flourishing Families program can improve interpersonal mindfulness in parenting, shift emotional balance towards more positive emotions and less negative emotions, and enhance awareness and usage of own strengths. The results were more evident in the pooled data. With these preliminary findings, we hope to inspire both further positive psychology intervention (PPI) studies in the parenting context and the use of repeated momentary assessments.
Testing the Income Pooling Hypothesis and its Link to the Taxation of Couple Households: Evidence from Demand System Estimation for Germany
Authors: Beznoska Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhether couples pool their resources and behave like a unit or spend their income individually is crucial for social and tax policy. In this paper, I provide a test of the income pooling hypothesis using administrative cross-sectional survey data on expenditures and individual incomes of couple households in Germany. The test is performed within the quadratic almost ideal demand system framework, which allows for an endogenous expenditure budget and endogenous individual income contribution shares in an instrumental variables approach. Although perfect income pooling is broadly rejected, there are significant differences regarding the marital status, the presence of at least one child in the household and whether the household is located in a former West or East German federal state. Married and unmarried couples with children are closer to the acceptance of the hypothesis than couples without children. The approach allows to calculate justifiable differentials of the marginal tax rates within the household if income pooling is rejected.
How the Current Management of Intimate Partner Violence Can Endanger Victimized Mothers and Their Children
Authors: Cattagni Kleiner Anne , Romain-Glassey Nathalie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a form of child abuse and can have serious detrimental consequences on their health and well-being. Research has shown that a strong relationship with a caring adult, often the mother, is a protective factor against those consequences. For this reason, this study attempts to understand the overall experiences of victimized mothers with perpetrators, professionals, and institutions in the years following IPV disclosure.

Methods
We conducted 20 semi-structured individual interviews in Switzerland in 2020 with former patients who had been provided with a clinical forensic consultation between 2011 and 2014. The participants had reported IPV between 2011 and 2014 and had at least one minor child at the time.

Results
Victimized mothers continued to experience harmful behaviors from perpetrators/fathers after IPV disclosure. They reported feeling in danger and that the perpetrators/fathers benefited from a certain level of impunity. In parallel, the mothers were held accountable for the safety and well-being of their children in this context. These overall and multi-year experiences had short-term and long-term negative impacts on the mothers’ and children’s health, financial and administrative situation, relationship, and on school life. In this sample, the years following IPV disclosure were characterized by an enduring sense of ordeal.

Conclusions
The professional and institutional handling of IPV situations, in relation to both victims and perpetrators, can endanger victimized mothers and their children and put them at risk of adverse consequences after IPV disclosure. Avenues for change to better protect mother and child and to provide relief to the mothers as an important protective factor for their children are discussed.
Spatial characterization of social-ecological systems units for management in Tropical Dry Forests
Authors: Santillán-Carvantes Patricia , Balvanera Patricia , Thomsen Simon , Mora Francisco , Pérez-Cárdenas Nathalia , Cohen-Salgado Daniel , Ramírez-Ramírez Rubén , Gavito Mayra E. , Martín-López Berta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context
Understanding the complex interdependencies between nature and people is a major challenge for the sustainable management of social-ecological systems. Spatially explicit identification of these interdependencies is particularly relevant for managing biodiversity hotspots, such as Tropical Dry Forests (TDF).

Objectives
We provided a methodology to spatially identify the components of social-ecological systems that have been shaped by both environmental conditions and management practices at three relevant decision-making scales: plots owned by individuals, plot owners, and governance units. To do so, we identified and characterized: (1) ecological clusters (EC), (2) social-management clusters (SC), and (3) social-ecological systems units (SESU) in a TDF in western Mexico.

Methods
We used multivariate analysis to identify and characterize the ECs, SCs, and SESU at the respective decision-making scales.

Results
We found four EC, SC, and SESU clusters. Differences between ECs were based on their elevation and land cover type. The SC differed according to the management intensity of cattle and forests. Differences between SESU were based on land management regime (individual vs collective), plot sizes, and time under private schemes.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that decision-makers (ejidatarios) are bounded by the topographical characteristics and the public policies that determine communal (or private) governance, also by the number of resources available to them. The methodology can be applied to other contexts and nested decision-making scales. The spatial identification of these interdependencies is critical for landscape planning since it can contribute to reconciling productive activities and biodiversity conservation.
Aircraft segmentation in remote sensing images based on multi-scale residual U-Net with attention
Authors: Wang Xuqi , Zhang Shanwen , Huang Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAircraft segmentation in remote sensing images (RSIs) is an important but challenging problem for both civil and military applications. U-Net and its variants are widely used in RSI detection, but they are not suitable for multi-scale aircraft segmentation in RSIs, due to the aircrafts in RSIs are relatively small with various orientations, different sizes, fuzzy illumination and shadow, obscure boundary and irregular background. To overcome this problem, a multi-scale residual U-Net with attention (MSRAU-Net) model is constructed for multi-scale aircraft segmentation in RSIs. A multi-scale convolutional module, two modified Respaths and two kinds of attention modules are designed and introduced into MSRAU-Net to extract the multi-scale feature and make the feature fusion between the contraction path and the expansion path more efficient. Different from U-Net, MSRAU-Net replaces the convolutional block of U-Net with the Inception residual block to help the U-Net architecture coordinate the features learned from aircrafts with different scales, and the residual module and attention module are introduced into the modified Respath to deepen the network layers and solve the gradient disappearing problem while extracting the more effective feature from RSIs. The experiments on the RSI dataset validate that MSRAU-Net outperforms the other networks, in particular for detecting the small aircrafts. Compared with attention U-Net and MultiMixUNet, the precision of MSRAU-Net is improved by 9.25 and 3.36, respectively.
On risk and market sentiments driving financial share price dynamics
Authors: Lampart Marek , Lampartová Alžběta , Orlando Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe goal is to investigate the dynamics of banks’ share prices and related financials that lead to potential disruptions to credit and the economy. We adopt a classic macroeconomic equilibrium model with households, banks, and non-financial companies and explain both market valuations and endogenous debt constraints in terms of risk. Heterogeneous market dynamics ranging from equilibrium to cycles and chaos are illustrated. Deposits and equity are proven to be management levers for chaos control/anticontrol, and the only feasible equilibrium is unstable. Finally, using real-world data, a test is conducted on the suggested model proving that our framework conforms well to reality.
Low-Temperature Plasma Oxidation of Aluminum by Ar-O2 Mixtures in a Dielectric-Barrier Discharge Reactor
Authors: Klages Claus-Peter , Jung Antje , Betz Meret Leonie , Raev Vitaly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRoom-temperature growth of oxide layers on aluminum in highly diluted mixtures of oxygen with argon (O2 molar fractions 20 ppm ≤ $$x_{O_2}$$

x

O
2

≤ 500 ppm, partial pressures 2 Pa ≤ $$p_{O_2}$$

p

O
2

≤ 50 Pa) flowing through a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) reactor is studied, including oxidation in the pre- and post-discharge regions (PrD, PoD) adjacent to the main DBD. Three different mechanisms of plasma-enhanced oxidation were found to prevail, depending on the location of the sample: (1) In the close PrD region, up to 1 cm upstream from the discharge, accelerated growth of Al2O3 is due to the irradiation of the sample surface by highly energetic (9.8 eV) argon excimer radiation in the presence of O2. (2) In the remote PoD, a few cm downstream from the DBD, oxidation can largely be attributed to oxygen atoms, with number densities typically between 1 and 5 × 1014 cm−3. Here, analysis in terms of Cabrera–Mott (CM) theory results in CM potentials between − 1.5 and − 2.1 V. (3) In the DBD itself both O atoms and VUV photons generally play an important role but, under special conditions, an additional oxidation mode can be identified, characterized by a much larger limiting thickness: While, in general, oxide growth by O atoms and/or VUV photons virtually stops at thicknesses X between 5 and 6 nm, much thicker oxide films can be achieved in the downstream region of the main DBD, with thicknesses growing with the length of the DBD zone. Tentatively, we attribute this observation to negative oxygen ions Om− (1 ≤ m ≤ 3) accumulating in the gas while passing the reactor. Any direct electrical effects of the discharge process on the oxidation can probably be neglected.
Investigating physicians’ views on non-formulary prescribing: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Nazar Zachariah , Al Hail Moza , Al-Shaibi Samaher , Hussain Tarteel Ali , Abdelkader Nada Nabil , Pallivalapila Abdulrouf , Thomas Binny , Kassem Wessam El , Hanssens Yolande , Mahfouz Ahmed , Ryan Cristin , Stewart Derek 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Well-designed and well-maintained drug formularies serve as a reliable resource to guide prescribing decisions; they are associated with improved medicine safety and increased efficiency, while also serving as a cost-effective tool to help manage and predict medicine expenditure. Multiple studies have investigated the inappropriate prescribing of non-formulary drugs (NFDs) with statistics indicating that up to 70% of NFD usage being inappropriate or not following the ascribed NFD policies.

Aim
To explore physicians’ views and influences on their prescribing of non-formulary drugs.

Method
Data collection and analysis were underpinned using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted within Hamad Medical Corporation, the main provider of secondary and tertiary healthcare in Qatar, with physicians who had submitted a NFD request in the preceding 12 months.

Results
Three overarching themes were identified: providing evidence-based care for individual patients; influences of others; and formulary management issues. Subthemes were mapped to specific TDF domains: environmental context and resources; social influences; professional role and identity; beliefs about consequences; goals; intentions.

Conclusion
The behavioral influences identified in this study can be mapped to behavior change strategies facilitating the development of an intervention to promote appropriate prescribing of NFDs with implications for medicine safety and healthcare efficiency.
Economic Self-Interest or Cultural Threat? Migrant Unemployment and Class-based Support for Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe
Authors: Cordero Guillermo , Zagórski Piotr , Rama José 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLabor market competition theory has traditionally analyzed the threat perceived by lower and middle class’ natives on competition over jobs with immigrants. However, in this article we focus on the fiscal burden and competition for social benefits generated by unemployed immigrants and its impact on the vote for Populist Radical Right Parties (PRRPs). Combining individual-level data and aggregate unemployment indicators for over 60 regions from 10 EU countries, we show that, on the one hand, upper class natives seem to support PRRPs when migrant unemployment rates are higher, irrespective of migrants’ origin, which is consistent with the fiscal burden model. On the other hand, lower and middle class natives are more likely to support PRRPs only in contexts of higher unemployment rates among non-EU migrants (but not among migrants from other EU member states), pointing towards an interaction between cultural and economic explanations. These findings underscore the need to account for migrant populations’ characteristics and to consider not only labor competition, but also the fiscal burden to better understand how unemployment may impact PRRP voting.
Opioids and Chronic Pain: Impact of the NIH Pathways to Prevention Evidence-Based Workshop Program
Authors: Klabunde Carrie N. , Walton Liberty , Shropshire Keisha L. , Ganoza Luis F. , Hession Jen , Schwartz Kat , Vogt Elizabeth , Thomas David A. , Smith Wendy B. , Parker Melissa C. Green , Liggins Charlene L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) sponsors Pathways to Prevention (P2P), an evidence-based scientific workshop program that helps advance prevention research. Each P2P workshop is presided over by an independent expert panel and informed by a systematic evidence review, scientific presentations, and public input. Post-workshop activities include collaborating with federal agency partners to develop an action plan for addressing key research gaps. Primary outcomes of P2P workshops include developing a research agenda and creating or enhancing initiatives to implement the agenda. In 2014, ODP partnered with the NIH Pain Consortium and two NIH institutes to convene “The Role of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain.” This workshop assessed the state-of-the-science on the long-term effectiveness, safety, and harms of opioid use for managing chronic pain. In 2021, ODP initiated an assessment of the outcomes and impact of the Opioids P2P workshop. We applied an evaluation framework and a mixed methods approach encompassing web analytics, bibliometric assessment, grant portfolio analysis, policy assessment, and key informant interviews. Our data showed that the workshop attracted a broad audience, and its published reports had high impact. The workshop also helped inform over 100 new research projects through grants funded by three federal agencies, as well as national legislation and practice guidelines from influential organizations. In sum, the Opioids P2P workshop and follow-up activities have identified gaps in scientific knowledge, informed clinical practice, and catalyzed change on a national level for addressing the prescription opioid crisis.
Exploring Patients’ Feeling of Being Coerced During Psychiatric Hospital Admission: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Silva Benedetta , Bachelard Mizué , Bonsack Charles , Golay Philippe , Morandi Stéphane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVarious coercive measures can be used to legally compel a person suffering from psychiatric disorder to undergo treatment. However, evidence suggests that patients’ feeling of being coerced is not determined solely by their being submitted to formal coercion. This study aimed to explore voluntary and involuntary patients’ experience of coercion during psychiatric hospitalisation and to identify which factors, from their perspective, most affected it. We chose a qualitative design inspired by a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Participants were purposively selected from six psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland. Maximum variation sampling was used to ensure the inclusion of patients with different levels of perceived coercion and different admission statuses. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were co-conducted by a research psychologist and a service-user researcher. The transcribed data underwent thematic analysis. All twelve interviewed patients described the hospitalisation as an experience of loss of control over their life due to either external or internal pressures. During the process, perceptions of these pressures varied and sometimes overlapped, leading some patients to describe their admission as a form of simultaneous protection and violation. The balance between these two contradictory feelings was affected by a variety of contextual and relational factors, as well as by the meaningfulness of the experience and the patient’s subsequent satisfaction with it. Increasing policy-makers’ and clinicians’ awareness about the main factors influencing patients’ experience of loss of control is of paramount importance in order to develop skills and strategies able to address them, reinforcing patients’ empowerment, reducing their feeling of coercion and improving their well-being.
Characterizing the supernorm partition statistic
Authors: Lagarias Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper gives characterizations of the supernorm statistic $$\widehat{N} :\mathcal {P}\rightarrow \mathbb {N}^{+}$$

N
^

:
P
→

N

+

for partitions, where $$\mathcal {P}$$
P
is the set of integer partitions and $$\mathbb {N}^{+}$$

N

+

is the positive integers. The supernorm statistic map is a bijection onto $$\mathbb {N}^{+}$$

N

+

that defines a total order on partitions, the supernorm ordering, obtained by pulling back the additive total order on $$\mathbb {N}^{+}$$

N

+

. The supernorm ordering refines two partial orders on partitions: the multiset inclusion order, whose image under $$\widehat{N}$$

N
^

is the divisibility lattice on $$\mathbb {N}^{+}$$

N

+

, and the Young’s lattice order. The paper shows that it is characterized by these two properties, additionally with the requirement of an order-isomorphism from the multiset inclusion order to the divisibility order. It is also characterized by these two properties, additionally with the requirement of mapping the partitions with exactly one part bijectively to the prime numbers. It presents a construction showing that the latter additional conditions are necessary for the characterization to hold.
The performance of the euro area banking system: the pandemic in perspective
Authors: Agoraki Maria-Eleni K. , Kouretas Georgios P. , De Simone Francisco Nadal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research explores the performance of the euro area banking system between 2002:Q3 and 2021:Q1 using banks’ return on assets as a gauge. It finds that despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the banking sector’s performance has not been negatively affected in a statistically significant way. In addition, it shows that while the global financial crisis and the sovereign crisis both introduced significant uncertainty in the performance of the banking system in the euro area, such uncertainty has not been replicated during the worst part of the Covid-19 pandemic. From a purely technical viewpoint, uncertainty in the banking system’s performance in the euro area highlights the relevance of using methodological approaches that control for the endogeneity of most bank-specific determinants of return on assets and that are robust to changes in unconditional variance due to regime changes, to future random shocks or both.
Life is not Fair: Get Used to It! A Personal Perspective on Contemporary Social Justice Research
Authors: Furnham Adrian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a very personal perspective on the Social Justice research world, much of which is to be found in this journal. It is my contention that this research has become too inward looking and detached from other mainstream and important issues. I also highlight some areas that I think neglected such as the Problem of Evil and Stoicism as a coping mechanism for misfortune.