bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and experimental treatment of allergic asthma with an emphasis on allergen immunotherapy and its mechanisms
Authors: Fiala Scott , Fleit Howard B 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only form of treatment that modifies allergic asthma. Pharmacotherapy alone seeks to control the symptoms of allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other atopic conditions. In contrast, AIT can induce long-term physiological modifications through the immune system. AIT enables individuals to live improved lives many years after treatment ends, where they are desensitized to the allergen(s) used or no longer have significant allergic reactions upon allergen provocation. The leading forms of treatment with AIT involve injections of allergen extracts with increasing doses via the subcutaneous route or drops/tablets via the sublingual route for several years. Since the initial attempts at this treatment as early as 1911 by Leonard Noon, the mechanisms by which AIT operates remain unclear. This literature-based review provides the primary care practitioner with a current understanding of the mechanisms of AIT, including its treatment safety, protocols, and long-term efficacy. The primary mechanisms underlying AIT include changes in immunoglobulin classes (IgA, IgE, and IgG), immunosuppressive regulatory T-cell induction, helper T cell type 2 to helper T cell type 1 cell/cytokine profile shifts, decreased early-phase reaction activity and mediators, and increased production of IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. Using the databases PubMed and Embase, a selective literature search was conducted searching for English, full-text, reviews published between 2015 and 2022 using the keywords (with wildcards) “allerg*,” “immunotherap*,” “mechanis*,” and “asthma.” Among the cited references, additional references were identified using a manual search.
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): past, present, and future implications
Authors: Seida Isa , Alrais Mahmoud , Seida Ravend , Alwani Abdulkarim , Kiyak Zeynep , Elsalti Abdulrahman , Nil Esirgun Sevval , Abali Tunahan , Mahroum Naim 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAdjuvants, as the name indicates, are adjoined material aimed to assist in functioning as when added to vaccines they are meant to boost the effect and strongly stimulate the immune system. The response of the immune system can be unpredictable, and the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was developed to address possible adverse reactions of an autoimmune and inflammatory type that may be caused by adjuvants. While ASIA, as a syndrome, was coined and defined in 2011; reports describing patients with vague and nonspecific clinical symptoms following vaccinations appeared much earlier. In other words, ASIA came to define, arrange, and unite the variety of symptoms, related to autoimmunity, caused not by the vaccine itself, rather by the adjuvant part of the vaccine such as aluminum, among others. Accordingly, the introduction of ASIA enabled better understanding, proper diagnosis, and early treatment of the disorder. Furthermore, ASIA was shown to be associated with almost all body systems and various rheumatic and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. In addition, the correlation between COVID-19 and ASIA was noticed during the pandemic. In this review, we summarized the reported effects of adjuvants and medical literature before and after ASIA was defined, the several ways ASIA can manifest and impact different systems of the body, and the incidences of ASIA during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to clarify, that vaccines are among, if not the, most effective means of fighting infectious diseases however, we believe that vaccines manufacturing is not above criticism, particularly when it comes to added substances possessing a risk of side effects.
Respiratory response to an odor throughout development in rats
Authors: Boulanger-Bertolus Julie , Courtiol Emmanuelle , Buonviso Nathalie , Mouly Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOdor-induced sniffing has proven to be a useful behavioral readout for assessing olfactory performance in adult rats. However, little is known about how the respiratory response changes throughout ontogeny. Thus, this study aimed at characterizing respiratory response to an odor in rats using paradigms suitable to infants, juveniles, and adults. We first analyzed the respiratory response to a neutral, novel odor. Then the value of the odor was changed either through its repeated presentation (odor habituation), or its association with a foot-shock (odor fear). In the habituation task, we found that the first presentation of the novel odor induced a clear sniffing response at all 3 ages, but the peak respiratory frequency was higher in adults than in juveniles and infants. When the odor was presented repeatedly, the sniffing response gradually faded and the younger the animal, the faster the fading of the response. In the fear conditioning task, the odor induced an increase in respiratory rate that persisted until the end of the session in adults and infants, but not in juveniles. In another group for which the odor was explicitly unpaired with the foot-shock, the respiratory response to the odor did not last as long over the session than in the paired condition at all 3 ages. Finally, we observed that shock delivery induced a similar respiratory response at the 3 investigated ages in the paired and unpaired conditions. Collectively, these data show that the respiratory response constitutes a faithful index to assess rat’s olfactory abilities throughout ontogeny.
Successful recovery from acute decompensated heart failure associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation by urgent radiofrequency catheter ablation using mechanical haemodynamic support: a case report
Authors: Todoroki Wataru , Takemoto Masao , Sakai Togo , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, and AF is associated with an exacerbation of HF. Catheter ablation (CA) of AF has proved to be an established treatment for patients with HF associated with AF. Ordinarily, CA of AF is an elective procedure.Case summaryWe present a 68-year-old male patient with chief complaints of palpitation and general malaise, and appetite loss, associated with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) resulting from drug-refractory AF and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD). He underwent an urgent CA therapy for AF under mechanical support via intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP), which dramatically improved his haemodynamic status and clinical outcomes.DiscussionDespite their shared common risk factors, AF, HF, and LVDD subtypes exacerbate one another and create a vicious triad of AF, HF, and LVDD, developing into ADHF. Thus, it is important to break this vicious cycle using non-invasive and/or invasive strategies. Performing an urgent CA of AF for ADHF may be a challenging strategy, which has not been well established. However, urgent CA using mechanical haemodynamic support, including IABP, might be an effective and feasible strategy in patients with medically intractable, severe ADHF associated with LVDD and drug-refractory AF as in the present case. Haemodynamically unstable patients, as in the present case, require prompt and careful monitoring of their clinical condition. Thus, it may also be important to consider the appropriate timing for providing optimal treatment in these patients.
Second-generation robotic angioplasty system use for the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a first-in-man proof of concept case report
Authors: Hofmann Felix J , Dörr Oliver , Blachutzik Florian , Elsässer Albrecht , Möllmann Helge , Köhne Alessa-Janine , Nef Holger M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRobotically assisted remote-controlled PCI (rPCI) was introduced in the past decade as one of the latest enhancements in this rapidly evolving field. The use of a second-generation rPCI system in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an effort to couple immediate revascularization with the accuracy of newer robotic assistance and software support.Case summaryHere we report on the safety and efficacy of rPCI applied to a 74-year-old female STEMI patient with persistent acute chest pain as well as regional wall motion abnormalities in the echocardiogram. The first medical contact-to-device time was 76 min, and door-to-balloon time was 33 min. The impatient course was uneventful, so the patient was discharged from hospital after 5 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful application of second-generation rPCI in STEMI.DiscussionIn the case presented, rPCI was feasible and safe even in acute coronary syndrome based on a single-centre experience. rPCI is a revolutionary new technique that may be applied to various types of clinical presentations.
The 1832 Reform Act and the Place of Illuminations in Late Hanoverian Political Culture
Authors: Jenks Timothy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article explores the place of illumination festivity in the struggle for the 1832 Reform Act. Illuminations, a form of revelry in which crowds took to the streets and threatened to break the windows of those householders who did not submit to the demand of an exhibition of lights, were a staple of Britain’s repertoire of popular contention throughout the long eighteenth century. But their role in the Reform Bill agitation, and their place in late Hanoverian political culture, has not been explored. The fifteen months of the Reform Bill struggle were a particularly intense period of illumination activity and witnessed a significant debate concerning the acceptability of the practice. This debate involved national political figures, local authorities, radicals and anti-reformers. An exploration of this episode not only helps to explain the process of change in a cultural practice, it also enhances our understanding of the debate over reform. Considerations of class are revealed to have been fundamental to the functioning of the illumination ritual, and those considerations were used by reformers for tactical purposes. Based on extensive research in contemporary newspapers, the article reframes our understanding of the changes occurring in Britain’s political culture as it entered a new phase of liberal democratic modernity.
Participation in a clinical trial is associated with lower mortality but not lower risk of HF hospitalization in patients with heart failure: observations from the ESC EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry
Authors: Kapelios Chris J , Benson Lina , Crespo-Leiro Maria G , Anker Stefan D , Coats Andrew J S , Chioncel Ovidiu , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lainscak Mitja , McDonagh Theresa , Mebazaa Alexandre , Metra Marco , Piepoli Massimo F , Rosano Giuseppe M C , Ruschitzka Frank , Savarese Gianluigi , Seferovic Petar M , Volterrani Maurizio , Maggioni Aldo P , Lund Lars H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transiently achieved very low LDL-cholesterol levels by statin and alirocumab after acute coronary syndrome are associated with cardiovascular risk reduction: the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial
Authors: Schwartz Gregory G , Szarek Michael , Bhatt Deepak L , Bittner Vera A , Bujas-Bobanovic Maja , Diaz Rafael , Fazio Sergio , Fras Zlatko , Goodman Shaun G , Harrington Robert A , Jukema J Wouter , Manvelian Garen , Pordy Robert , Ray Kausik K , Scemama Michel , White Harvey D , Steg Ph Gabriel ,   for the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Long-term, placebo-controlled cholesterol-lowering trials have demonstrated legacy effects (clinical benefits that persist or emerge after trial end). It is unknown whether legacy effects follow a short period of very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels achieved with statin plus PCSK9 inhibitor.

Methods and results
In 18,924 patients post-acute coronary syndrome, the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo, each added to high-intensity or maximum-tolerated statin therapy. Patients with two consecutive LDL-C levels &lt;0.39 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) on alirocumab had blinded placebo substitution for the remainder of the trial with continued statin treatment. In post hoc analyses, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in these patients were compared to MACE in propensity score-matched patients from the placebo group with similar baseline characteristics and study medication adherence. In the alirocumab group, 730 patients had blinded placebo substitution at a median 8.3 months from randomization, after a median 6.0 months with LDL-C &lt; 0.39 mmol/L. They were matched to 1460 placebo patients. Both groups had lower baseline LDL-C and lipoprotein(a) and better study medication adherence than the overall cohort. Over a median follow-up of 2.8 years, MACE occurred in 47 (6.4%) alirocumab patients with limited-duration, very low achieved LDL-C versus 122 (8.4%) matched placebo patients (treatment hazard ratio 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.51, 0.997; P = 0.047).

Conclusions
A short period of LDL-C levels &lt;0.39 mmol/L achieved with statin and alirocumab, followed by statin monotherapy, was associated with lower risk of MACE than statin monotherapy throughout the observation period. Clinical benefit persisted for several years.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663402
Non-coding RNA and arrhythmias: expression, function, and molecular mechanism
Authors: Zeng Yuhong , Wu Na , Zhang Zhihui , Zhong Li , Li Guowei , Li Yafei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArrhythmias are a class of cardiac dysfunction characterized by heart rate disturbances and heart rhythm abnormalities, which are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Due to the limited understanding of pathological mechanism, current antiarrhythmic drugs and invasive therapies on arrhythmias lack sufficient efficacy and are always accompanied by potential adverse effects. Non-coding RNAs (including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small non-coding RNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases including arrhythmias, which opens a new prospect for exploring the mechanism of arrhythmias and developing new therapeutic targets. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the expression of ncRNAs in various arrhythmias, their roles in the arrhythmia’s development and pathophysiology, and the potential mechanism of ncRNAs in arrhythmias. As atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and current studies mainly focus on it, this review primarily discussed about AF. It was expected that this review may provide a basis for a better understanding of the mechanistic role of ncRNAs in arrhythmias and facilitate the development of mechanic-based therapeutic targets.
Outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation in atrial fibrillation patients based on underlying stroke risk
Authors: Messele Lydia Fekadu , Khan Muhammad Zia , Darden Douglas , Agarwal Siddharth , Krishan Satyam , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Ul Abideen Asad Zain , Balla Sudarshan , Singh Gagan D , Srivatsa Uma N , Munir Muhammad Bilal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) based on the underlying stroke risk (defined by the CHA2DS2-VASc score).Methods and resultsData were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample for calendar years 2016–20. Left atrial appendage occlusion implantations were identified on the basis of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification code of 02L73DK. The study sample was stratified on the basis of the CHA2DS2-VASc score into three groups (scores of 3, 4, and ≥5). The outcomes assessed in our study included complications and resource utilization. A total of 73 795 LAAO device implantations were studied. Approximately 63% of LAAO device implantations occurred in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 4 and ≥5. The crude prevalence of pericardial effusion requiring intervention was higher with increased CHA2DS2-VASc score (1.4% in patients with a score of ≥5 vs. 1.1% in patients with a score of 4 vs. 0.8% in patients with a score of 3, P &lt; 0.01). In the multivariable model adjusted for potential confounders, CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 4 and ≥5 were found to be independently associated with overall complications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.35, and aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.73–2.04, respectively] and prolonged length of stay (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25, and aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.44–1.66, respectively).ConclusionA higher CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with an increased risk of peri-procedural complications and resource utilization after LAAO. These findings highlight the importance of patient selection for the LAAO procedure and need validation in future studies.
Pruning revisited – effect of pruning season on wood discoloration and occlusion in four temperate broadleaved tree species
Authors: Lund Anna , Levinsson Anna , Östberg Johan , Wiström Björn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pruning is a necessary part of tree management both in silvicultural systems and in urban forestry. For the wood industry’s production of high-quality timber, as well as for the urban forest’s risk reduction and ecosystem services enhancements, it is essential that the pruning is accurately implemented. This study aimed to determine the effect of pruning season on discoloration amount and occlusion rate in four broadleaved tree species. In 2014, 84 trees were pruned in January, May and September. Six years later, the 252 samples from the three pruning points per tree were collected and analysed. ‘Common oak (Quercus robur L.)’ and ‘small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)’ showed least discoloration when pruned in January, ‘wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)’ showed least discoloration when pruned in September and ‘Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.)’ did not show any significant differences. All species occluded fastest when pruned in January, but at different rates. Common oak occluded 84 per cent of the samples, Norway maple 42 per cent, small-leaved lime 32 per cent and wild cherry 13 per cent. In summary, the pruning month affected discoloration amounts and occlusion rates of the tested tree species in varied ways. Our research suggests an important knowledge gap regarding optimal species-specific pruning times and underlying reasons for different reactions to pruning.
FAIR data station for lightweight metadata management and validation of omics studies
Authors: Nijsse Bart , Schaap Peter J , Koehorst Jasper J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The life sciences are one of the biggest suppliers of scientific data. Reusing and connecting these data can uncover hidden insights and lead to new concepts. Efficient reuse of these datasets is strongly promoted when they are interlinked with a sufficient amount of machine-actionable metadata. While the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) guiding principles have been accepted by all stakeholders, in practice, there are only a limited number of easy-to-adopt implementations available that fulfill the needs of data producers.

Findings
We developed the FAIR Data Station, a lightweight application written in Java, that aims to support researchers in managing research metadata according to the FAIR principles. It implements the ISA metadata framework and uses minimal information metadata standards to capture experiment metadata. The FAIR Data Station consists of 3 modules. Based on the minimal information model(s) selected by the user, the “form generation module” creates a metadata template Excel workbook with a header row of machine-actionable attribute names. The Excel workbook is subsequently used by the data producer(s) as a familiar environment for sample metadata registration. At any point during this process, the format of the recorded values can be checked using the “validation module.” Finally, the “resource module” can be used to convert the set of metadata recorded in the Excel workbook in RDF format, enabling (cross-project) (meta)data searches and, for publishing of sequence data, in an European Nucleotide Archive–compatible XML metadata file.

Conclusions
Turning FAIR into reality requires the availability of easy-to-adopt data FAIRification workflows that are also of direct use for data producers. As such, the FAIR Data Station provides, in addition to the means to correctly FAIRify (omics) data, the means to build searchable metadata databases of similar projects and can assist in ENA metadata submission of sequence data. The FAIR Data Station is available at https://fairbydesign.nl.
Estimation of location errors for local seismic network in an area with intense and weak seismicity
Authors: Kokowski Jakub , Rudziński Łukasz 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYWe have modified a method for estimation of location errors distribution for local seismic networks in area with intense shallow seismicity. We have used the variance-covariance matrices in a regular grid of points. The traveltime residuals variance is calculated as a function of source–receiver distance, while the new idea is to estimate the detection range of seismic stations on the basis of the probability of detection plots. In consequence, the method enables the evaluation of the applied velocity models during the analysis of traveltime residuals, as well as evaluation of the usefulness of individual stations with the use of probability plots. Ultimately, it provides assessment of the station configuration by analysing the distribution of location errors. The data needed for the analysis are a seismic catalogue containing earthquakes locations together with traveltime residuals and the velocity model, as well as stations metadata. The method is tested on using the real data which come from the LUMINEOS local seismic network, the network used for induced seismicity monitoring in the Legnica–Głogow Copper District in Poland.
Novel method to specifically determine the structures of non-N297 glycans in IgGs
Authors: Bhide Gaurang P , Bohrer Natalie E , Song Danying , Cabel Jeanne , Lake Marc R , Harlan John E , Miesbauer Laura J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies comprise a major class of biologic therapeutics and are also extensively studied in immunology. Given the importance of glycans on antibodies, fluorescent labeling of enzymatically released glycans and their LC/MS analysis is routinely used for in-depth characterization of antibody glycosylation. In this technical note, we propose a method for facile characterization of glycans in the variable region of antibodies using sequential enzymatic digests with Endoglycosidase-S2 and RapidTM Peptide-N-Glycosidase-F followed by labeling with a fluorescent dye carrying an NHS-carbamate moiety. The results and proposed mechanism also suggest that the choice of glycosidases along with the labeling chemistry is critical for accurate glycan analysis for a desired application.