bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure and defect‐induced luminescence study of phase‐stabilized t‐ZrO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Thakur Maneshwar , Vij Ankush , Kumar Akshay , Koo Bon Heun , Singh Fouran , Rangra Vir Singh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLuminescent tetragonal‐ZrO2 (t‐ZrO2) nanocrystals were synthesized using an optimized combustion method without post‐synthesis annealing and characterized using X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis. spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, thermoluminescence (TL), and vibrating sample magnetometry. The as‐synthesized t‐ZrO2 nanocrystals have a bandgap of 4.65 eV and exhibit defect‐assisted blue emission (Commission Internationale de I'Elcairage coordinates 0.2294, 0.1984) when excited at 270 nm. The defect states were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using TL after irradiating nanocrystals with γ‐ and UV radiations at various doses. The TL glow curves show intense emission in the high‐temperature region from 523 to 673 K for both UV‐ and γ‐irradiated samples; however, another less‐intense TL peak was also observed in the low‐temperature region from 333 to 453 K with γ irradiation at higher doses, indicating the formation of shallow trapping states. The activation energies, frequency factor, and order of kinetics were estimated using the computerized glow curve deconvolution method for the shallow and deep traps for γ‐ and UV‐irradiated samples. The present study shows that phase‐stabilized t‐ZrO2 nanocrystals are potential candidates for luminescence‐based applications.
A rapid and convenient sample preparation method for the analysis of cannabinoids in oral fluid samples
Authors: Reinstadler Vera , Huber Susanne , Lierheimer Stefan , Boettcher Michael , Rüscher Peter , Tanzer Martin , Jenny Kurt , Zoll Adolf , Gruber Wilhelm , Oberacher Herbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCannabis is the world's most used illegal drug. The main psychoactive component of cannabis is Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). To aid the identification of cannabis‐impaired individuals, a simple but effective workflow for reliable quantification of THC and its metabolites in oral fluid samples collected with the Greiner Bio‐One Saliva Collection System is presented. Sampling involves rinsing the oral cavity with an extraction solution containing a citrate buffer stimulating salivary flow. Sample processing targeted the cannabinoid fraction interacting with proteins and other insoluble constituents that can be separated by centrifugation. Approximately 50% of the total amount of cannabinoids included in the oral fluid was recovered from the obtained pellet by extraction with acetonitrile. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used for cannabinoid quantification. Fitness of the developed workflow for application in forensic and clinical cannabis testing was demonstrated by evaluating multiple performance parameters, including selectivity, linearity, limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy, precision, matrix effects, extraction recoveries, process efficiencies and stability. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity of the developed oral fluid−based cannabis test was demonstrated by analysing 195 samples collected either from opioid addicts or persons suspected of driving under the influence of drugs. The accuracy of identifying a person with the presence of THC in blood was found to be 97.9%.
Prosocial motives of solar entrepreneurs combating energy poverty in South Africa
Authors: Akinboade Oludele Akinloye , Taft Trevor , Weber Johann Friedrich , Ngoepe‐Ntsoane Mokgadi , Molobi Victor Sannyboy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to examine the prosocial motives of solar energy entrepreneurs as they generate energy to combat energy poverty in South Africa. Using a qualitative research method, data, in words of survey participants, were collected from social purpose and profitable solar energy businesses using a semi‐structured interviews technique. These represent the reality of the interviewed Social Entrepreneurs because their societal world deals mainly with socially constructed issues. A pre‐developed “codebook” forms the basis to build categories of social issues and to consequently amalgamate codes into umbrella themes that enable researchers carry out structured and systematic contextual analysis. Motivated by innate feelings of compassion, empathy and extrinsic concerns for the environment, solar entrepreneurs embark on social venturing to collaborate with municipalities to deliver public services, to the group of vulnerable energy poor South Africans gain access to public benefits, like access to clean energy, which are frequently out of reach of township as well as slum dwellers operating mainly in the informal sector. This study contributes to our understanding of how solar energy entrepreneurs operate and adapt to the complexity of public energy service delivery venture in South Africa.
A theory of credible cross‐temporal corporate commitments as goal‐based private sustainability governance
Authors: Grabs Janina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGoal‐based corporate supply chain commitments to zero‐deforestation, carbon neutrality, or sustainable sourcing have become important elements of businesses' sustainability and reputation management practices. However, we still know little about the conditions under which such cross‐temporal commitments are likely to be successful. This article introduces commitment credibility as a crucial but understudied antecedent of success. Drawing on the economic theory of imagined futures, it shows how cross‐temporal signaling via commitments may change suppliers' expectations and related actions and thereby co‐create more sustainable futures. By using insights from credible commitment theory, it argues that this pathway relies on high motivational and/or imperative credibility of the committed company. Contrasting the example of zero‐deforestation commitments in the palm oil sector with commitments to sustainable seafood and no farmworker exploitation, it highlights that the involvement of critical stakeholders (as external accountability partners or third‐party implementing agents) is of particularly high importance for on‐the‐ground success.
Evaluations of competence to stand trial are evolving amid a national “competency crisis”
Authors: Murrie Daniel C. , Gowensmith W. Neil , Kois Lauren E. , Packer Ira K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcross the United States, court orders for competence to stand trial (CST) evaluations and competence restoration services have been increasing much more rapidly than states can provide these services, prompting what has been called a national “competency crisis.” The challenge in providing timely competence restoration services has, in several jurisdictions, prompted a change in competence evaluations. Evaluators are more often required to address broader clinical issues—such as recommending placement or addressing the urgency of hospitalization—rather than addressing only CST. This marks an evolving practice in forensic evaluation, which moves evaluators beyond the very narrow forensic question of competence and into more traditionally clinical recommendations. We describe several state examples of changing practice in order to highlight the initial barriers, and potential benefits, to addressing additional clinical issues in competence evaluations, amid a national competence crisis.
A polymer‐based systemic hemostat for managing uncontrolled bleeding
Authors: Gao Yongsheng , Ikeda‐Imafuku Mayumi , Zhao Zongmin , Joshi Maithili , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUncontrolled bleeding is a life‐threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. Currently available on‐site bleeding interventions largely rely on the use of tourniquets, pressure dressing, and other topical hemostatic agents, which can only treat bleeding injuries that are known, accessible, and potentially compressible. Synthetic hemostats that are stable at room temperature, easy to carry, field‐usable, and able to stop internal bleeding at multiple or unknown sources, are still lacking. We recently developed a hemostatic agent via polymer peptide interfusion (HAPPI), which can selectively bind to activated platelets and injury sites after intravascular administration. Here we report that HAPPI is highly effective in treating multiple lethal traumatic bleeding conditions in normal as well as hemophilia models via either systemic administration or topical application. In a rat liver traumatic model, intravenous injection of HAPPI resulted in a significant decrease in blood loss and a four‐fold reduction in mortality rate within 2 h after injury. When applied topically on liver punch biopsy wounds in heparinized rats, HAPPI achieved a 73% of reduction in blood loss and a five‐fold increase in survival rate. HAPPI also exhibited hemostatic efficacy in hemophilia A mice by reducing blood loss. Further, HAPPI worked synergistically with rFVIIa to induce immediate hemostasis and 95% reduction in total blood loss compared to the saline‐treated group in hemophelia mice models. These results demonstrate that HAPPI is a promising field‐usable hemostatic agent for a broad range of different hemorrhagic conditions.
Features of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and antisocial behaviour in a general population‐based sample of adults
Authors: Dayan Haym , Shoham Rachel , Berger Itai , Khoury‐Kassabri Mona , Pollak Yehuda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be a risk factor for antisocial and delinquent behaviour, but there is still a lack of information on how features of ADHD relate to offending behaviour among adults not already defined by their offending.AimsOur aim was to add to knowledge about relationships between ADHD and antisocial behaviour among adults in the general population by answering the following questions: (A) Does the level of self‐reported ADHD features relate to criminal and non‐criminal antisocial behaviour? (B) To what extent are self‐ratings of ADHD features independent of socio‐demographic features previously identified as predictors of antisocial behaviour?MethodsA sample of adults was originally recruited to study public response to the COVID‐19 outbreak through an online panel to be representative of the Israeli population. Among other scales, the 2025 participants completed an ADHD self‐report scale, an antisocial behaviour self‐report scale and a socio‐demographic questionnaire probing for age, gender, urbanity, place of birth, socioeconomic status (education and income), family status (being in a relationship and having children) and religiosity.ResultsHigher mean totals for the inattention and hyperactivity ADHD scale scores were associated with higher mean antisocial behaviour scores. These relationships were only slightly affected by socio‐demographic variables, including sex, age, education and income.ConclusionOur findings suggest that not only may features of ADHD, even below a diagnostic threshold, constitute a risk factor for antisocial behaviour, but also that the self‐rated levels of these problems covary. These findings are important for informing the early detection of risk of antisocial behaviour in the general population and its prevention.
Effects of milling condition on nutritional, physicochemical, and textural properties of highland barley grains
Authors: Fu Shijian , Liu Xinru , Deng Jiawen , Chen Zhicheng , Zhao Beibei , Li Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA lower degree milling to obtain cereal grains with acceptable cooking qualities was recommended for the higher retainment of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate effects of milling condition on nutritional, physicochemical and cooking qualities of highland barley (HB) grains.FindingsEffects of tempering results showed that increased water addition amount caused decrease in degree of milling (DOM) and increase in head rice yield (HRY). Effects of milling condition results showed that activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) showed significantly decreasing tendency as DOM increased. When DOM increased from 0% to 8%, the POD activity decreased from 140 to 3.75 Ug−1 min−1, with inactivation rate of 97.3%. Milling also witnessed a 70.1% reduction of PPO activity, from 27.74 to 8.30 Ug−1 min−1. Pasting results showed that viscosity parameters gradually increased and pasting temperature decreased as DOM increased. Texture results showed that the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of HB grains gradually decreased with the increase of DOM, while there was no significant difference in resilience, adhesiveness and springiness.ConclusionsBased on the nutritional, physicochemical and cooking qualities of HB grains, the optimal milling condition of HB grains was fixed at 6% of tempering water, 10 min of tempering time and 10% of DOM.
Dendritic Organosilica Nanoparticle‐Based Metal‐Enzyme Hybrid Catalyst for Chemoenzymatic Deracemization of Cyclic Amines
Authors: Dong Lele , Zhou Liya , Liu Guanhua , Gao Jing , Bai Jing , Liu Yunting , Jiang Yanjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of enantiopure chiral cyclic amines is of critical importance but highly challenging. In this study, a metal‐enzyme hybrid catalyst was fabricated by the co‐immobilization of palladium nanoparticles and monoamine oxidases on dendritic organosilica nanoparticles (DONs) for chemoenzymatic deracemization, furnishing a panel of chiral cyclic amines in high enantioselectivities (96–98 % ee). Catalyst optimization revealed that the ultra‐high specific surface area, mesoporous channels and hydrophobic microenvironment of the DONs are responsible for the improved catalyst stability, activity and catalytic efficiency.
The impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillator on the prognosis of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients compared with standard medical treatments
Authors: Salehi Omran Hossein , Naghashzadeh Farah , Irilouzadian Rana , Dolatshahi Sina , Hedayati Goudarzi Mohammad Taghi , Salehi Omran Mohammad Taghi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are susceptible to arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in addition to medical treatments may help prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) and improve survival in this population.HypothesisWe aim to investigate the impact of ICD insertion on survival and prognosis of patients with nonischemic DCM.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients with nonischemic DCM treated with medical therapy with or without ICD who referred to our hospital from January 2020 to November 2021. Patients were divided based on the treatment that they had received into two equal groups. Different variables including demographic features, comorbidities, medical treatments, hospitalization rate, function class, and left ventricular ejection fraction before and after treatments were investigated in this study. In addition, variables in survival including overall survival (OS) and SCD were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 120 patients were investigated in this study. Mean ± SD of age and follow‐up time of patients were 64.0 ± 12.7 years old and 61.2 ± 15.9 months, respectively. Ten (16.7%) patients with medical therapy, and seven (11.7%) patients with ICD and medical therapy died during the follow‐up period (p = 0.25). However, the two groups had a significant difference regarding SCD (11.7% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.02).ConclusionIn patients with nonischemic DCM who had undergone ICD insertion in addition to standard medical treatments, SCD was significantly reduced compared with patients receiving just medical treatments. OS had no significant difference between our two studied groups.
Step‐Economical Mechanosynthesis of Hybrid Azoles: Deciphering Their π‐Orbital and Pharmacological Characteristics
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Ramachandran , Vadivelu Murugan , Thirumoorthy Kulandaivel , Karthikeyan Kesavan , Praveen Chandrasekar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA hybrid pharmacophore strategy for unifying 1,2,3‐triazole with 1,2,4‐triazole cores to prepare mixed triazoles was accomplished by a ball‐milling approach. The developed chemistry works under the catalysis of cupric oxide nanoparticles with salient features like one‐jar operation, lower number of synthetic steps, catalyst recyclability, time‐dependent product control, and good overall yields. π‐Orbital properties based on theoretical calculations supported the suitability of these molecules for pharmacological screening. Therefore, the biological potency of the synthesized molecules was evaluated for antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐diabetic activities. By virtue of their proton‐donating tendency, all compounds showed promising radical‐scavenging activity with the inhibition level reaching up to 90 %. These molecular hybrids also exhibited anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic potencies similar to those of standard compounds, owing to their electron‐rich nature. Finally, α‐amylase inhibitory potential was demonstrated in silico; significant regions necessary for enzyme inhibition were identified by hydrogen bonding interactions.
Synthesis of Modular Desferrioxamine Analogues and Evaluation of Zwitterionic Derivatives for Zirconium Complexation
Authors: Outzen Lasse , Münzmay Moritz , Frangioni John V. , Maison Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe natural siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) has been used for targeted PET imaging with 89Zr before. However, Zr‐DFOB has a limited stability and a number of derivatives have been developed with improved chelation properties for zirconium. We describe the synthesis of pseudopeptidic analogues of DFOB with azido side chains. These are termed AZA‐DFO (hexadentate) and AZA‐DFO* (octadentate) and are assembled via a modular synthesis from Orn‐β‐Ala and Lys‐β‐Ala. Nine different chelators have been conjugated to zwitterionic moieties by copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The resulting water‐soluble chelators form Zr complexes under mild conditions (room temperature for 90 min). Transchelation assays with 1000‐fold excess of EDTA and 300‐fold excess of DFOB revealed that a short spacing of hydroxamates in (Orn‐β‐Ala)3–4 leads to improved complex stability compared to a longer spacing in (Lys‐β‐Ala)3–4. We found that the alignment of amide groups in the pseudopeptide backbone and the presence of zwitterionic sidechains did not compromise the stability of the Zr‐complexes with our chelators. We believe that the octadentate derivative AZA‐DFO* is particularly valuable for the preparation of new Zr‐chelators for targeted imaging which combine tunable pharmacokinetic properties with high complex stability and fast Zr‐complexation kinetics.
The Role of Silicate Enrichment on the Discharge Duration of Silicon‐Air Batteries
Authors: Schalinski Richard , Schweizer Stefan L. , Wehrspohn Ralf B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSilicon‐air batteries are candidates for next generation batteries from non‐critical raw materials. However, current silicon‐air batteries with alkaline electrolytes suffer from premature termination of the discharge process. To understand this process, we investigated the correlation of dissolved silicon in the electrolyte and the discharge duration until passivation. The air‐ and Si‐electrode could be excluded as the source of the voltage drop, while the concentration of silicates in the electrolyte was identified as the decisive factor. A low silicate concentration in the electrolyte was found to be crucial for a sustained discharge of silicon‐air batteries with alkaline electrolytes and full consumption of the silicon electrode used in these conditions was shown.
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Biomass Pyrolysis Gas as an Enabling Step of Biogenic Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Hydrogen Recovery
Authors: Veksha Andrei , Lu Jintao , Tsakadze Zviad , Lisak Grzegorz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUtilization of renewable raw materials as feedstock defossilizes industrial manufacturing while subsequent carbon capture reduces carbon footprint. We applied this concept to design a new pyrolysis‐based process for synthesis of biogenic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and H2 from biomass. It was demonstrated that the conversion of hydrocarbon compounds in pyrolysis gas into MWCNTs and H2 is detrimentally influenced by accompanied CO2 released from biomass decomposition. Capturing CO2 with a calcium sorbent upgraded the pyrolysis gas into a suitable gaseous precursor for downstream production of MWCNTs and H2‐rich gas. Furthermore, the results suggest that CO2 capture with the sorbent has a potential to outperform a liquid alkaline scrubber owing to avoided liquid organic waste generation, sorbent regenerability and higher H2 recovery from biomass pyrolysis gas.
Analysis and design of dual‐input Doherty power amplifier with enhanced efficiency for broadband application
Authors: Liu Jinting , Shi Weimin , Feng Linping , Li Mingyu 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThere is a large efficiency degradation between the two efficiency peaks in a broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) when the working frequency deviates from the center point. In this paper, dual‐input technique is adopted to improve the conversion efficiency over the dynamic power range in broadband DPAs. The efficiency between the two efficiency peaks in the DPA is enhanced through dynamically control the input power levels of the carrier and peaking power amplifiers (PAs) as well as the phase difference between the two sub‐amplifiers. As a proof of concept, a broadband dual‐input DPA (DI‐DPA) operating over 1.1–2.2 GHz is fabricated and measured in this paper. Experimental results show the fabricated DI‐DPA delivers a saturation output power of 43.5–44.7 dBm with a gain of 9.6–11.5 dB and a drain efficiency of 50.5%–58.6% in the interested frequency band. Meanwhile, a 6 dB back‐off drain efficiency of 40.4%–65.8% is also obtained by the DI‐DPA over 1.1–2.2 GHz.
Terminal anorexia nervosa cannot currently be identified
Authors: Crow Scott J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo review the recent literature on the proposed entity of “terminal anorexia nervosa.”MethodReview of recent literature on the concept of “terminal AN” as well as past and supporting work.ResultsThe cases and proposed definitions are reviewed, as is the growing literature on this topic. Problems exist with predicting outcomes and thus, determining futility, as well as about capacity for decision‐making.DiscussionTo make decisions about treatment futility, the existing database for predicting AN course and treatment response must expand greatly. In addition, while decisional capacity is central to the debate, its determination may be unusually complex in this situation. The gaps identified point to extensive needs for future research, but they also indicate that the concept of “terminal AN” cannot be defined at present and should not be used.Public SignificanceAnorexia nervosa is challenging to treat, and it often lasts for years. There is debate about whether palliative care or medical aid in dying should be considered. Identifying who has a terminal case of AN is important for this question, but we have limited ability to predict a given individual's outcome at present, and there are concerns about the ability of those with AN to make treatment decisions. This means the concept of “terminal AN” should not currently be used.