bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety
Authors: Duken Sascha B. , Moriya Jun , Hirsch Colette , Woud Marcella L. , van Bockstaele Bram , Salemink Elske 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
People with social anxiety disorder tend to interpret ambiguous social information in a negative rather than positive manner. Such interpretation biases may cause and maintain anxiety symptoms. However, there is considerable variability in the observed effects across studies, with some not finding a relationship between interpretation biases and social anxiety. Poor psychometric properties of interpretation bias measures may explain such inconsistent findings. We evaluated the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of four interpretation bias measures, ranging from more implicit and automatic to more explicit and reflective: the probe scenario task, the recognition task, the scrambled sentences task, and the interpretation and judgmental bias questionnaire. Young adults (N = 94) completed interpretation bias measures in two sessions separated by one week. Psychometric properties were poor for the probe scenario and not acceptable for the recognition task. The reliability of the scrambled sentences task and the interpretation and judgmental bias questionnaire was good, and they correlated highly with social anxiety and each other, supporting their concurrent and convergent validity. However, there are methodological challenges that should be considered when measuring interpretation biases, even if psychometric indices suggest high measurement validity. We also discuss likely reasons for poor psychometric properties of some tasks and suggest potential solutions to improve the assessment of implicit and automatic biases in social anxiety in future research.
The Beyond Reality Image Collection (BRIC)
Authors: Segal-Gordon Noga , Bar-Anan Yoav 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Beyond Reality Image Collection (BRIC) is a set of 648 photos, some painted by an artist and some generated by artificial intelligence. Unlike previous photosets, the BRIC focused on nonrealistic visuals. This collection includes abstract and non-abstract paintings and nonrealistic photographs depicting objects, scenes, animals, humans, and fantastical creatures with varying degrees of unreal elements. We collected evaluative ratings of the photos, using a convenience sample of 16,208 participants in a total of 25,321 sessions. We used multiple evaluation measures: binary positive/negative and like/dislike categorization, seven-point ratings on these attributes, both under no time pressure and under time pressure, and evaluative priming scores. The mean evaluation of the photos on the different measures was highly correlated, but some photos consistently elicited a discrepant evaluative reaction between the measures. The BRIC is a valuable resource for eliciting evaluative reactions and can contribute to research on evaluative processes and affective responses.
Detection of a Magnetic Discontinuity in the Upper Solar Chromosphere Associated with a Coronal Loop Brightening Observed by CLASP2.1
Authors: Song Donguk , Ishikawa Ryohko , McKenzie David E. , Trujillo Bueno Javier , Auchère Frédéric , Kano Ryouhei , Winebarger Amy , Okamoto Takenori J. , Rachmeler Laurel A. , Kobayashi Ken , Vigil Genevieve D. , Kobelski Adam R. , Bethge Christian , Lim Eun-Kyung , Belluzzi Luca , Alsina Ballester Ernest , del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Štěpán Jiří 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report the first detection of a magnetic discontinuity in the upper solar chromosphere associated with a coronal loop brightening. Our findings are based on novel observations obtained by the Chromospheric LAyer SpectroPolarimeter (CLASP2.1) suborbital space experiment. During its short 6 minute flight, CLASP2.1 successfully obtained spectropolarimetric data across the Mg ii h and k lines, which allowed us to map the longitudinal magnetic field at multiple heights in the chromosphere of a solar active region. During our observation, we found a coronal loop brightening that was intermittently and recurrently heated. The temperature of the brightening plasma is above 2.5 MK, which is higher than the ambient temperature, and no corresponding brightening is detected in the images of the photosphere and lower chromosphere. The notable finding of our study is that the coronal loop brightening of interest is observed across a region where the magnetic field polarity changes abruptly in the upper chromosphere. Our results provide observational evidence that the heating mechanism of the coronal loop brightening is consistent with magnetic reconnection in the upper solar chromosphere.
Modeling Energetic Proton Transport from a Stream Interaction Region to Compound Streams
Authors: Tao Xinyi , Shen Fang , Luo Xi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Energetic proton events associated with a stream interaction region (SIR) were observed by two Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and WIND spacecraft from 2007 September 19 to September 25. Different from the measurements of STEREO-A and WIND, the observational data of STEREO-B show additional particle intensity increases when the spacecraft is immersed into the compound stream region with poor compression signatures after the passage of the SIR. In order to investigate this particular event, we simulated proton transport with a solar wind pattern obtained from the two-dimensional analytical model driven by plasma and magnetic field data of the spacecraft. We find that the additional energetic proton event is not an autonomous event created by the compound streams and is closely associated with the accelerated particles in the preceding SIR structure. We highlight the variation in particle distribution as a function of radial distance within the SIR. The magnetic field configuration in the compound stream region observed by STEREO-B provides a more direct connection to the source particle region, which presents a view to explain the differences between the energetic proton observations of the three spacecraft.
Frontières physiques et frontières ethniques au Kurdistan irakien : le cas particulier des Yézidis du Sinjar
Authors: Calvaillé Paul 
Published: January 2025

Le Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK), dans sa volonté, qui l’oppose à l’État central irakien, de revendiquer et de prendre le contrôle d’une partie des « territoires disputés », a mis en place à partir de 2023 un certain nombre de stratégies pour atteindre cet objectif. Parmi celles-ci, celle de déployer une importante politique d’entrepreneuriat ethnopolitique en direction des populations kurdes ou kurdophones sur ces territoires. L’un de ces territoires est le district du Sinjar, majoritairement habité par la minorité religieuse kurdophone yézidie. Malgré l’importance des moyens déployés entre 2003 et 2014 dans cette entreprise, la grande majorité des Yézidis du Sinjar rejette, aujourd’hui encore, l’identité kurde et contrecarre de ce fait la volonté du PDK de faire du Sinjar une composante du Kurdistan irakien. Cette situation s’explique d’abord par les discriminations subies par les Yézidis dans la société à majorité kurde musulmane du Gouvernement régional du Kurdistan (GRK), mais surtout par l’abandon dans lequel ils se sont trouvés – avec les horreurs qui s’en sont ensuivies – lorsque les forces militaires kurdes ont laissé le Sinjar sans défense face à l’offensive de l’organisation État islamique [Daech] en août 2014.
Pacifier l’image de l’ennemi héréditaire allemand dans le cinéma documentaire français d’après-guerre
Authors: Steinle Matthias , Val Perrine 
Published: January 2025

Le cinéma de non-fiction reflète le rapprochement très rapide de la France et de l’Allemagne de l’Ouest dans la période de l’après-guerre et y participe. En l’espace d’une dizaine d’années, de 1945 à la seconde moitié des années 1950, la figure de l’ennemi héréditaire allemand disparaît au profit de celle du voisin et de l’allié dans la construction européenne. Cette transformation assez soudaine interroge : alors que le ressentiment et surtout la méfiance semblent prédominer chez les dirigeants français dans l’immédiat après-guerre, les premières poignées de main entre responsables français et ouest-allemands symbolisant la confiance et la paix apparaissent dès le début des années 1950. Quelles images ont préparé et accompagné ce basculement ? À partir de l’étude d’un corpus de films de non-fiction (reportages d’actualité et courts ou moyens métrages documentaires) produits en France entre 1944 et le milieu des années 1950, l’article retrace le chemin parcouru de ces « images d’ennemi » aux « images d’ami », à partir de plusieurs étapes. Des prisonniers de guerre allemands filmés comme des ennemis vaincus après la Libération aux Berlinois·es victimes du blocus mené par les Soviétiques, les reportages et les documentaires accompagnent chacune de ces évolutions. Si ces films français ne placent pas encore l’Allemagne de l’Ouest et les Allemand·e·s sur un pied d’égalité avec la France, ils n’en apparaissent pas moins comme des agents du processus de réconciliation à l’œuvre et permettent en tant que tels de rendre compréhensibles ses stratégies médiatiques.
Políticas sonoras y música popular en el reciente conflicto social peruano (2022-2023)
Authors: Cárdenas Moreno Mónica 
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo analiza el uso del folklore musical peruano por parte del gobierno y la importancia que éste tiene para la población que participa de las protestas en el contexto de conflicto social actual. Entre 2022 y 2023, el gobierno despliega una política cultural y sonora con el objetivo de legitimarse, ocultar la represión que ejerce contra manifestantes y deslegitimar la protesta social. Por su parte, la población acompaña sus movilizaciones con música, utiliza políticamente festividades y danzas para manifestar su rechazo frente al gobierno y crea una serie de canciones que busca estructurar una red que canalice las protestas en nuevas formas democráticas de participación.
¿Amistad excepcional? Pensar las relaciones musicales entre Chile, Cuba y Uruguay (1967-1973)
Authors: Rodríguez Aedo Javier 
Published: January 2025

Con un desfase de algunos años, los músicos populares y folclóricos de América Latina manifestaron un interés creciente por salir al encuentro de otras audiencias, desarrollando giras internacionales y un trabajo cercano a la diplomacia musical. Al mismo tiempo, sus escenas musicales locales se expandían y se consolidaban, promoviendo exitosamente la llegada de sonidos provenientes de América Latina, del campo soviético y de África. En este artículo, se abordan las relaciones musicales y políticas entre artistas chilenos, cubanos y uruguayos, desarrolladas en el marco de estas dinámicas de internacionalización de la canción política, en curso a fines de los años 60.
Predictive value of different severity scoring systems in patients with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Allam Amira H. , Al-Aarag Abdelsadek H. , Moussa Sohila S. , Mohammad Etemad A. 
Published: January 2025

Background
For patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), determining the severity and location of care is essential for ensuring their safety and apportion of resources appropriately. Severity scores can help clinicians fortell the outcome of patients having CAP.
This study aimed to compare different scoring systems of CAP in predicting mortality, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and the need for vasopressors.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study carried out at Benha University Hospitals from March 2022 to March 2023 on 60 patients aged above 18 years (58 ± 16) presented by CAP. Scores for assessment were the pneumonia severity index (PSI), CURB-65, CORB, CRSI-65, SCAP, and SMART COP scoring systems.

Results
Higher severity scores were associated with increased mortality, ICU admission, and Intensive Respiratory and Vasopressor Support (IRVS). SMART COP was the best score with AUC 0.750 (95% CI: 0.577–0.923) for ICU admission prediction (cut-off >2, sensitivity 83.3%, P=0.008). SCAP score was the best score with AUC 0.710 (95% CI: 0.579–0.820) for mortality prediction. CORB score (AUC 0.674, cut-off >1, sensitivity 80.00%, P=0.015) and Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia score (SCAP score) (AUC 0.711, cut-off >21, sensitivity 80.00%, P=0.002) were most sensitive in predicted vasopressor use. PSI score was the most sensitive AUC 0.727 (95% CI: 0.597–0.834) for Mechanical Ventilation (MV) use (cut-off >115, sensitivity 94.10%, P=0.001).

Conclusion
Severity scoring systems, including PSI, CURB-65, CORB, CRSI 65, SCAP, and SMART COP, are valuable tools for predicting the severity, mortality, ICU admission, and the need for MV and vasopressors in patients with CAP. SCAP score was the most valuable.
Randomized controlled trial: the safety and efficacy of adjunctive corticosteroids through the clinical course of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Wafy Safaa M. M. , Bayoumi Hassan A.-E. H. , Hassan Rabab H. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Pneumonia acquired in hospitals (HAP) is a nosocomial infection that poses the greatest risk of death and serious sequelae.

Aim
This study’s objective was to assess safety and efficacy of adjunctive systemic steroids in individuals who have severe HAP including ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Patients and methods
The present randomized controlled clinical study was conducted at the Chest Department and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) in Assiut University Hospitals, 50 patients diagnosed with severe and very severe HAP using the Pneumonia Severity Index were randomly divided into two groups: group I (steroid group) and group II (control group).

Results
The median age was 60 and 67 years (steroid group and control group), respectively. Cortisol-level measurement before administration of systemic steroids was in normal range in both groups with no significant difference. Adjunctive steroid use in the management of severe HAP was linked to a statistically significant improvement in oxygenation data at the 7th day, as well as a reduction in the duration of hospital stay and duration required to reach clinical stability. Steroid therapy did not show significant difference in ICU mortality, the length of time that mechanical ventilation is used, and hospital stay. Regarding the complications of steroid therapy, there were no significance differences between both groups.

Conclusion
Adding steroid has the potential to increase oxygenation and minimize the time it takes for clinical stability in patients with severe HAP without causing obvious side effects.
Apelin-13 Ameliorates Sepsis-induced Brain Injury by Activating Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog-induced Putative Kinase 1/Parkin-mediated Mitophagy and Modulating Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor Pyrin Domain-Containing 3-driven Pyroptosis in Rats
Authors: Jiang Fan , Dong Junxia , Han Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that often results in severe brain injury, primarily due to excessive inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Apelin-13, a bioactive peptide, in a rat model of sepsis-induced brain injury (SBI). Specifically, we examined the role of Apelin-13 in regulating mitophagy through the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin pathway and its impact on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and oxidative stress. A sepsis model was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 110, 200–230 g, 12 weeks old) through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The septic rats received Apelin-13 (20 μg/kg, intravenously), either alone or combined with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdv-1), a mitophagy inhibitor, before undergoing CLP surgery. Survival rates were assessed over a 72-h period, while the cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze over 5 days. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were utilized to measure the expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D, PINK1, and Parkin in the brains of the rats. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in brain samples. Apelin-13 significantly improved survival rates and cognitive function and mitigated brain injury in septic rats. The treatment enhanced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to a reduction in pyroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Inhibition of mitophagy by Mdv-1 significantly reversed the protective effects of Apelin-13 in septic rats. Our findings suggest that Apelin-13 provides neuroprotection in sepsis by modulating mitophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis. These results highlight the potential of Apelin-13 as a therapeutic strategy for SBI.
Pengaruh Angka Engagement Media Sosial Instagram Terhadap Revenue Bulanan di Aurila Hotel Palangka Raya
Authors: Octavaldy Evan , Prajasutra Panji Anom , Wisudanto Wisudanto 
Published: January 2025

Salah satu fasilitas internet yang terus maju seiring perkembangan teknologi di internet adalah media sosial. Hal ini membuat media sosial, terutama Instagram yang merupakan sosial media dengan pengguna terbanyak di Indonesia, menjadi alat pemasaran yang penting bagi banyak sektor industri, termasuk sektor perhotelan. Dengan komunikasi dua arah yang didapat dari engagement pada media sosial, maka terbangun juga keterlibatan pelanggan lebih dalam yang juga akan berpengaruh kepada pendapatan dari sebuah usaha. Pada penelitian ini dipilih salah satu usaha yang baru saja berdiri selama 2 tahun lebih dan tidak terikat dengan sebuah franchise untuk mengetahui seberapa berpengaruh engagement pada media sosial terhadap pendapatan sebuah usaha baru, sehingga Aurila Hotel Palangka Raya dipilih sebagai objek penelitian ini. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif berupa uji linear regresi dengan aplikasi SPSS, data revenue bulanan dari hotel tersebut dikumpulkan dan dianalisa dengan dibandingkan dengan angka engagement pada periode tertentu. Dari hasil analisis tersebut didapatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara engagement pada akun Instagram hotel dengan revenue bulanan.
PEMBINAAN AKHLAKUL KARIMAH PADA SISWA SMA SWASTA AR-RAHMAN KECAMATAN HELVETIA MEDAN
Authors: Lubis Sakban , Syarifuddin  , Malik Mukhlis , Kamil Muhammad , Devina Amanda 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa secara mendalam tentang model pembinaan Akhlakul Pada Siswa SMA Swasta Ar-Rahman Kecamatan Helvetia. Penelitian Pada Siswa SMA Swasta Ar-Rahman menggunakan pendekatan antropologis dan ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan deskri[tif analitik, yaitu memberikan makna terhadap data yang berhasil dikumpulkan, dan dari makna itulah ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: bahwa pelaksanaan pembinaan akhlak di Pada Siswa SMA Swasta Ar-Rahman Kecamatan Helvetia sudah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, hal ini bisa dilihat dari tingkah laku keseharian siswa, seperti dalam hal berbicara, baik dengan guru, teman, maupun masyarakat sekitar, sopan santun, kemudian dari cara berpakaian yang terlihat sopan mencerminkan santri, baik di dalam asrama maupun di luar asrama. Faktor pendukung dalam pembinaan akhlak siswa adanya kerjasama antara pihak madrasah dengan pihak asrama, baik itu pengasuh maupun pembimbing, adanya kerja sama dengan semua guru mata pelajaran. Sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam pembinaan akhlak siswa Pada Siswa SMA Swasta Ar-Rahman Kecamatan Helvetia adalah kurangnya dukungan dari keluarga, lingkungan, siswa berada di dalam pergaulan sesama mereka yang sebaya mempunyai tingkat ego yang sama sehingga terkadang sering timbul konflik.
Regional irreversibility of mean and extreme surface air temperature and precipitation in CMIP6 overshoot scenarios associated with interhemispheric temperature asymmetries
Authors: Roldán-Gómez Pedro José , De Luca Paolo , Bernardello Raffaele , Donat Markus G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Overshoot scenarios, in which the forcing reaches a peak before starting to decline, show non-symmetric changes during CO2-increasing and CO2-decreasing phases, producing persistent changes in climate. Irreversibility mechanisms, associated with (among other factors) lagged responses of climate components, changes in ocean circulation and heat transport, and changes in the ice cover, bring hysteresis to the climate system. This work analyzes simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to explore the relevance of these mechanisms in overshoot scenarios with different forcing conditions (SSP5-3.4OS and SSP1-1.9) and their impact on regional climates, with a particular focus on the degree to which changes in regional extremes are reversible. These analyses show that in scenarios with strong forcing changes like SSP5-3.4OS, the post-overshoot state is characterized by a temperature asymmetry between the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere associated with shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In scenarios with lower forcing changes like SSP1-1.9, this hemispheric asymmetry is more limited, while temperature changes in polar areas are more prominent. These large-scale changes have an impact on regional climates, e.g., temperature extremes in extratropical regions and precipitation extremes in tropical regions around the ITCZ. Differences between pre- and post-overshoot states may be associated with persistent changes in the heat transport and a different thermal inertia depending on the region, leading to a different timing of the temperature maximum in different regions. Other factors like changes in aerosol emissions and ice melting may be also important, particularly for polar areas. Results show that irreversibility of temperature and precipitation extremes is mainly caused by the transitions around the global temperature maximum, when a decoupling between regional extremes and global temperature generates persistent changes at regional level.
The Implications of Money Management for Investment- Decisions among University Undergraduates in Punjab
Authors: Ali Asif , Bilal Muhammad , Ashfaq Hira , Maan Ashfaq , Maan Bilal 
Published: January 2025

Money management is essential for effective investment decisions and long-term economic well-being. This research study investigates the implications of money management for investment decisions among undergraduates of public-sector higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. This is particularly important in the present economic scenario of Pakistani HEIs, where undergraduates often lack the necessary skills for money management for better investment decisions. This study has used the multistage sampling technique for the study sample of undergraduate students. A comprehensive questionnaire was used for data collection from the selected respondents. The collected data were analyzed statistically and the major findings have been presented in this research paper. The results showed a significant relationship between money management and investment decisions among the public-sector university-undergraduates. Therefore, this research recommends the incorporation of money-management courses into the educational curricula to make investment-decision capabilities better, for future generations.