bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Specificity of Uniparametric Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Assessment in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Chibuzo I.N.C , Smart A. , Takure A. O. , Osobu B. E. , Rimande J. U. , Ogbole G. I. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Due to infrastructural and financial constraints, public institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use low-field magnetic resonance imaging (LFMRI) systems, which limits the possibility for global guideline conformity. Nonetheless, existing systems are being used to broaden the scope of prostate cancer (PCa) imaging assessment and disease characterization. Because LMICs have a dearth of subspecialty radiologists, general radiologists would need more exposure to meet the growing needs of the subspecialties, conform to universal best practice, and improve clinical outcomes.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI reports for PCa evaluation generated by general radiologists at a tertiary hospital on a LFMRI (<0.5T) system.

Methods:
An assessment tool (”LFMRI”) was developed, based on PIRADS criteria, to evaluate prostate MRI reports of images generated from a LFMRI. Two independent observers (urologist and radiologist) rated the reports. Another general radiologist used the tool to generate new reports from the same images. These reports were reassessed by the same raters. The average assigned scores were categorized as poor (0–4), fair (5–8), or good (9–12).

Results:
Six of seven (85.7%) reviewed reports were poor with only one (14.7%) providing useful information for clinical decision. Inter-rater reliability was moderate (48.3%). The revised reports revealed additional clinically useful information in all cases and a mean total score improvement of 7.3 (0.69). Inter-rater reliability improved to 78.7%95% confidence interval, CI (0.5, 1.0), P < 0.0001.

Conclusion:
The images generated from LFMRI in resource-constrained settings may provide requisite information for PCa evaluation. A simple tool (LFMRI) can guide general radiologists in making useful and enhanced clinical decisions based on LFMRI reports.
Schreier families and -(almost) greedy bases
Authors: Beanland Kevin , Chu Hùng Việt 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet$\mathcal {F}$be a hereditary collection of finite subsets of$\mathbb {N}$. In this paper, we introduce and characterize$\mathcal {F}$-(almost) greedy bases. Given such a family$\mathcal {F}$, a basis$(e_n)_n$for a Banach spaceXis called$\mathcal {F}$-greedy if there is a constant$C\geqslant 1$such that for each$x\in X$,$m \in \mathbb {N}$, and$G_m(x)$, we have$$ \begin{align*} \|x - G_m(x)\|\ \leqslant\ C \inf\left\{\left\|x-\sum_{n\in A}a_ne_n\right\|\,:\, |A|\leqslant m, A\in \mathcal{F}, (a_n)\subset \mathbb{K}\right\}. \end{align*} $$Here,$G_m(x)$is a greedy sum ofxof orderm, and$\mathbb {K}$is the scalar field. From the definition, any$\mathcal {F}$-greedy basis is quasi-greedy, and so the notion of being$\mathcal {F}$-greedy lies between being greedy and being quasi-greedy. We characterize$\mathcal {F}$-greedy bases as being$\mathcal {F}$-unconditional,$\mathcal {F}$-disjoint democratic, and quasi-greedy, thus generalizing the well-known characterization of greedy bases by Konyagin and Temlyakov. We also prove a similar characterization for$\mathcal {F}$-almost greedy bases.Furthermore, we provide several examples of bases that are nontrivially$\mathcal {F}$-greedy. For a countable ordinal$\alpha $, we consider the case$\mathcal {F}=\mathcal {S}_{\alpha }$, where$\mathcal {S}_{\alpha }$is the Schreier family of order$\alpha $. We show that for each$\alpha $, there is a basis that is$\mathcal {S}_{\alpha }$-greedy but is not$\mathcal {S}_{\alpha +1}$-greedy. In other words, we prove that none of the following implications can be reversed: for two countable ordinals$\alpha < \beta $,$$ \begin{align*} \mbox{quasi-greedy}\ \Longleftarrow\ \mathcal{S}_{\alpha}\mbox{-greedy}\ \Longleftarrow\ \mathcal{S}_{\beta}\mbox{-greedy}\ \Longleftarrow\ \mbox{greedy}. \end{align*} $$
Nghiên cứu chất lượng phôi nang thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm với tinh trùng sau trữ lạnh bằng thủy tinh hoá
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thái Thanh , Nguyễn Văn Trung , Võ Văn Chính , Lê Minh Tâm 
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Kỹ thuật trữ lạnh tinh trùng phát triển đã mở ra cơ hội có con rất là cao đối với các trường hợp vô sinh nam. Trong các phương pháp trữ lạnh, thủy tinh hóa đang là một kỹ thuật được nghiên cứu nhiều và dần được áp dụng rộng rãi. Mặc dù thủy tinh hóa tinh trùng có nhiều ưu điểm nhưng việc ứng dụng thủy tinh hóa tinh trùng trong thụ tinh ống nghiệm vẫn chưa thể thay thế cho phương pháp trữ lạnh truyền thống. Do đó, chúng tôi tiến hành đề tài “Nghiên cứu chất lượng phôi nang thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm với tinh trùng sau trữ lạnh bằng thuỷ tinh hoá” nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả của thủy tinh hóa so với đông lạnh nhanh trong kết quả nuôi cấy phôi thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm (TTTON).
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu chất lượng phôi nang sau khi ICSI trên trứng chị em trong 18 chu kỳ thực hiện điều trị TTTON tại Trung tâm Nội tiết Sinh sản và Vô sinh, Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y - Dược Huế từ tháng 04 năm 2022 đến tháng 04 năm 2023 với tinh trùng được trữ lạnh theo hai phương pháp: đông lạnh nhanh thông thường (nhóm 1) và thủy tinh hóa (nhóm 2).
Kết quả: Nhóm sử dụng tinh trùng đông lạnh nhanh thông thường có tỷ lệ thụ tinh cao hơn nhóm sử dụng tinh trùng thủy tinh hóa (60,67 ± 21,24% so với 56,52 ± 24,27%) với p > 0,05. Tuy nhiên, nhóm sử dụng tinh trùng thủy tinh hóa lại có tỷ lệ tạo phôi nang và tỷ lệ tạo phôi nang tốt cao hơn nhóm sử dụng tinh trùng đông lạnh nhanh thông thường (lần lượt là 78,97 ± 26,13% so với 72,27 ± 29,75% và 60,85 ± 34,19% so với 55,93 ± 37,34, p > 0,05).
Kết luận: Chất lượng phôi nang thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm với tinh trùng sau trữ lạnh bằng thủy tinh hóa có khuynh hướng tốt hơn nhóm sử dụng tinh trùng trữ lạnh bằng đông lạnh nhanh thông thường. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn cần nhiều nghiên cứu với cỡ mẫu lớn hơn nữa để khẳng định ưu điểm và tính an toàn của thủy tinh hóa so với đông lạnh thông thường trong điều trị TTTON.
TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DI DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Apdillah Dicky , Zebua Rusti Br , Idham Muhammad , Anhar Ibnu 
Published: June 2023

The development of technology in the understanding of the digital information society is the extent to which the definition of the information society gets the right place and portion in the entire context of community development. Basically the information society is inherent in every stage of existing society. Thus, in accordance with the process of digital media capitalization, the process of digitizing society involves three main processes of the political economy of modern media, namely commodification, spatialization and structuration. Advances in technology and communication have an impact on the creation of a faster flow of information so that people who, in this case as the subject of the times, are also affected. The global community, including Indonesia, is now increasingly active in applying the development of communication and information technology. information.

Perkembangan teknologi dalam pemahaman masyarakat informasi digital adalah sejauh mana definisi masyarakat informasi mendapat tempat dan porsi yang tepat dalam seluruh konteks perkembangan masyarakat. Pada dasarnya masyarakat informasi melekat dalam setiap tahapan masyarakat yang ada. Dengan demikian, seturut dengan proses kapitalisasi media digital, maka proses digitalisasi masyarakat melibatkan tiga proses utama ekonomi politik media modern, yaitu komodifikasi, spasialisasi dan strukturasi. Kemajuan teknologi dan komunikasi berdampak pada terciptanya arus informasi yang lebih deras sehingga masyarakat yang dalam hal ini sebagai subjek dari perkembangan zaman pun turut terpengaruh.Masyarakat global termasuk Indonesia kini semakin aktif dalam mengaplikasikan perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi tersebut hingga saat ini pun masuk dalam era masyarakat informasi.
ONTOLOGIA PARA E-BUSINESS
Authors: Galvão Filho Ivam , Madeira da Silveira Gustavo , De Oliveira Mello Jéferson , Ribas Ulbricht Vania 
Published: June 2023

Com o crescimento do comércio online e de operações financeiras realizadas dentro deste contexto, surge também uma maior demanda por sistemas de comércio eletrônico mais eficientes, principalmente no que se refere a implementação de sistemas de busca, recomendações, venda cruzada, entre outras aplicações. O uso de vocabulários específicos por estas plataformas têm ajudado a melhorar e tornar buscas e recomendações nestes sistemas mais eficientes, pois oferecem maior contexto a pesquisa, reduzindo o tempo e o esforço despendido nessas atividades. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o processo de criação de uma ontologia para E-Business, tendo como fundamentos básicos o modelo desenvolvido pelo projeto ACTIVE instituído pelo ESPRIT Programme (Framework IV) e a proposta da arquitetura web “ETE MONITOR ARCHITECTURE”. A pesquisa utilizou como metodologia o Design Science Research para desenvolvimento de um artefato. Na revisão da literatura foram encontrados treze artigos em consultas realizadas nas bases de dados SciElo, IEEE e OUCI tendo como parâmetro de indexação a base de dados Web of Science (WoS). Após uma análise minuciosa, apenas sete artigos foram selecionados para compor o trabalho final. Na pesquisa foram ainda adicionados mais seis textos entre teses e livros considerados relevantes. O resultado principal obtido nesta pesquisa foi uma ontologia contendo vinte e duas classes e mais dezenas de sub-classes, propriedades e relacionamentos que foram modelados utilizando as linguagens OWL, XML e RDF.
YUNANİSTAN’IN TARİHTEKİ İFLASLARI 1843-1893-1932
Authors: BAŞAK Ünsal 
Published: June 2023

Yunanistan bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra, bir yandan isyan sırasında aldığı borçları ödemek, diğer yandan ise modern bir devlet oluşturmak için dış borçlanma yoluna gitmiş ve bu borçlanma sonucunda 1843 yılında ilk iflasını yaşamıştır. Bu ilk iflas sonucunda Yunan Ordusu siyasete müdahale etmiş ve anayasal bir yönetime geçilmiştir. Ülkenin ekonomik altyapısının kurulması, modern bir ordu oluşturulması, Makedonya, Girit ve Balkanlar’da yaşanan sorunlara yönelik savaş hazırlıkları, Yunanistan’ın 1893 yılındaki ikinci iflasının temel nedenleri olmuştur. Bu iflas sonucunda ordunun siyasetteki ağırlığı artarken Venizelos’un önderliğinde milliyetçi akım Yunan siyasetinde daha fazla rol oynamaya başlamıştır.
Megali İdea düşüncesiyle Anadolu’ya çıkan Yunan Ordusu’nun Kurtuluş Savaşı’nda hezimete uğraması ve daha sonra da mübadeleyle bir buçuk milyon Rum’un Yunanistan’a gitmesi 1932 iflasını tetiklemiştir. Bu iflasın sonucunda Yunanistan, General Metaksas diktatörlüğüne doğru hızla ilerlemiş, ülkede grevler ve Komünist Partisi’nin güçlenmesi gibi daha sonra Yunan İç Savaşı’nda etkilerini gösterecek önemli sosyal değişimler yaşanmıştır.
Yunanistan bu yaşadığı ekonomik süreçler boyunca sürekli olarak dış borçların faizlerini ödemek ve bütçe açıklarını karşılamak için yeni borçlar almış, en sonunda bu borçları ödeyemeyecek duruma gelmiş ve ülke üç kez resmen iflas etmiştir. Yunan ekonomisi her iflastan sonra dönemin büyük güçlerinin denetimi altına girmiştir.
Bu çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak Yunanca kaynaklar kullanılarak, Yunanistan’ın 1843, 1893 ve 1932 iflasları, bu iflasların nedenleri ve bu iflaslar sonucunda Yunanistan’ın ekonomik bağımsızlığını kaybetmesinin Yunan sosyal yapısında yarattığı sorunlar ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır
Stakeholders’ Experiences Using Videoconferencing for a Group-Based Stroke Intervention During COVID-19: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Kringle Emily A. , Skidmore Elizabeth R. , Baum M. Carolyn , Shih Minmei , Rogers Christine , Hammel Joy M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Importance: Guidance is limited for training protocols that support stakeholders who are new to participating in telerehabilitation interventions using videoconferencing software.
Objective: To explore stakeholders’ experiences participating in a group-based intervention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using a videoconferencing software (Zoom).
Design: Ad hoc exploratory thematic analysis.
Setting: Community-based telerehabilitation.
Participants: Stakeholders included group members (n = 8) who were low-income adults with chronic stroke (≥3 mo) and mild to moderate disability (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 16), group leaders (n = 4), and study staff (n = 4).
Intervention: Group-based intervention, ENGAGE, delivered using videoconferencing technology. ENGAGE blends social learning and guided discovery to facilitate community and social participation.
Outcomes and Measures: Semistructured interviews.
Results: Stakeholders included group members (ages 26–81 yr), group leaders (ages 32–71 yr), and study staff (ages 23–55 yr). Group members characterized ENGAGE as learning, doing, and connecting with others who shared their experience. Stakeholders identified social advantages and disadvantages to the videoconferencing environment. Attitudes toward technology, past technology experiences, the amount of time allotted for training, group size, physical environments, navigation of technology disruptions, and design of the intervention workbook were facilitators for some and barriers for others. Social support facilitated technology access and intervention engagement. Stakeholders recommended training structure and content.
Conclusions and Relevance: Tailored training protocols may support stakeholders who are participating in telerehabilitation interventions using new software or devices. Future studies that identify specific tailoring variables will advance the development of telerehabilitation training protocols.
What This Article Adds: These findings provide stakeholder-identified barriers and facilitators, in addition to stakeholder-informed recommendations, for technology training protocols that may support uptake of telerehabilitation in occupational therapy.
TEKNIK PENYUNTINGAN DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP EMOSI AUDIENS DALAM FILEM AKSI TERPILIH MALAYSIA
Authors: Sareya Rosli , Md Dawam Zairul Anuar , Abdullah Borhan , Sagkif Shek Sharip Zainal bin , Salleh syafiq Muhamed Syafiq bin 
Published: June 2023

Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada adegan-adegan aksi jalanan bermotor dengan membuat penelitian terhadap kesesuaian teknik-teknik suntingan filem aksi jalanan terpilih. Analisis dilakukan dengan membincangkan secara terperinci adegan aksi jalanan yang wujud dalam filem tersebut. Kajian ini mengambil dua buah filem aksi jalanan, iaitu KL Menjerit (2002) dan Evolusi KL Drift 2 (2010) sebagai kajian kes. Data diperoleh menerusi penontonan berterusan terhadap filem-filem aksi terpilih dengan melihat secara stop motion, iaitu meneliti frame by frame syot dalam setiap adegan aksi jalanan tersebut. Maklumat berkenaan teknik penyuntingan filem juga diperoleh menerusi temu ramah dengan pengarah dan penyunting filem-filem aksi jalanan tersebut. Selain itu, maklumat lain juga diperoleh daripada jurnal, buku, internet, bahan penerbitan dari Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional Malaysia (FINAS), majalah, akhbar dan kertas kerja daripada penyelidik-penyelidik terdahulu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua buah filem aksi tersebut disunting menggunakan teknik penyuntingan yang mampu melahirkan kesan dramatik. Namun, teknik penyuntingan parallel tidak digunakan oleh kedua-dua penyunting filem tersebut. Pengkaji turut mendapati bahawa elemen seperti cemas, teruja, kejutan, debaran dan bersemangat harus ada dalam membentuk sesebuah adegan aksi jalanan bagi menghasilkan kesan dramatik yang lebih berkualiti dan realistik. Menerusi kajian ini nanti, diharap para penyunting filem aksi jalanan khususnya dapat memahami dan seterusnya mengetahui penggunaan teknik-teknik penyuntingan mengikut kesesuaian pada sesebuah adegan aksi jalanan.

This study focuses on film action scenes by exploring the suitability of the editing techniques of street action scenes through the analysis of selected street action movies. Two street action movies are used as case studies: KL Menjerit (2002) and EvolutionKL Drift 2 (2010). The data were obtained through close viewing of the selected action films by looking into stop motion which entailed examining the frame by frame syots in all the street action scenes. In addition, information about film editing techniques was also obtained through interviews with the street action film directors and editors. Other information was also obtained from journals, books, internet, and publications of the National Film Development Corporation Malaysia (FINAS), magazines, newspapers, and treatises by researchers and scholars. This study shows that these two films do not use a parallel editing. Although, it is showing that elements such as anxieties, excitements, surprises and suspense need to be in the street action scenes to produce a more realistic effect. Through this study, action film editors, especially in street action scenes, can understand and know the proper application of these editing techniques in such scenes.
MAGAHAU RUNGUS: DARI UPACARA RITUAL KE PESTA KERAMAIAN
Authors: Esterlina Moo Chin Len Lazarus  , Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahman  
Published: June 2023

Magahau merupakan perayaan tradisional yang disambut secara meriah dan besar-besaran oleh komuniti Rungus di daerah Kudat, Sabah. Istilah magahau membawa pengertian sebagai berpesta, mengadakan keramaian atau mengadakan kenduri. Kehidupan seharian etnik Rungus dahulu terikat dengan amalan kepercayaan tradisi, adat istiadat dan pantang larang yang telah diwarisi. Dengan demikian, perayaan magahau hanya akan dijalankan setelah semua upacara ritual selesai dilakukan. Etnik Rungus mempercayai bahawa amalan penyertaan upacara ritual dalam perayaan magahau adalah penting bagi tujuan keselamatan dan perlindungan mereka daripada gangguan kuasa ghaib. Bagaimanapun, etnik Rungus tidak lagi meneruskan amalan dan kepercayaan ini bersesuaian dengan perubahan kehidupan semasa etnik Rungus. Menerusi kajian etnografi, kajian ini menganalisis sistem kepercayaan dan amalan tradisi etnik Rungus melalui persembahan magahau. Hasil pemerhatian dan analisis mendapati bahawa transisi kehidupan komuniti Rungus telah mengubah konsep magahau dari upacara ritual ke pesta keramaian. Kajian seumpama ini penting sebagai usaha memelihara warisan ini untuk rujukan generasi akan datang.

Magahau is a traditional celebration renowned by the Rungus community in Kudat district, Sabah. The term magahau carries the meaning of partying, holding a crowd or having a feast. The daily life of the Rungus ethnicity was once tied to the practice of traditional beliefs, customs and even taboos that had been inherited. Thus, the magahau will only be carried out after all the ritual ceremonies have been performed. Ethnic Rungus believes that the practice of ritual ceremonial participation in the magahau festival is important for the purpose of their safety and protection from the interference of supernatural forces. However, the Rungus ethnicity no longer continues with this practice and belief is in line with the changing life during the Rungus ethnicity. Through ethnographic studies, this study analyzed the belief system and practices of Rungus ethnic traditions through magahau performances. The results of observations and analysis have found that the transition of life of the Rungus community has changed the concept of magahau, from ritual ceremonies to crowd parties. Such studies are important as a measure to preserve this heritage for future generations of reference.
SATU PENELITIAN STRUKTURALIS TERHADAP SASTERA INDIE TERPILIH
Authors: Bte Khoo Kian Hua Nurain , Chee Cheang Sim 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK
Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji struktur sastera indie menerusi novel yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2015 sehingga hari ini. Kajian ini meneliti novel Nazi Goreng (2015) karya Marco Ferrarese, Perempuan Politikus Melayu (2016) karya Faisal Tehrani dan Budiman (2017) karya Regina Ibrahim. Novel-novel ini dipilih sebagai contoh penerbitan â€˜karya indieâ€™ yang merujuk kepada karya-karya yang diterbitkan oleh penerbit swasta, tidak seperti hasil karya sastera Melayu arus perdana yang diterbitkan oleh pendukung sastera Malaysia iaitu Dewan Bahasa Pustaka (DBP). Menurut Rafidah Eksan (2016), sastera indie merupakan karya yang ditulis oleh pengarang baharu dan masih muda dalam penerbitan. Mereka menjadikan ruang ini sebagai alternatif untuk menyiarkan karya mereka yang santai dan tidak terikat dengan mana-mana peraturan dalam undang-undang penerbitan kerana proses penerbitan sastera indie tidak dikawal ketat oleh mana-mana pihak. Penelitian tentang sastera indie dilihat menerusi gaya penulisan yang bersifat memberontak dan agresif, luar dari kebiasaan sastera arus perdana yang terikat dengan etika penulisan dan penerbitan. Menurut Muhammad Rashidi dan Siti Nur Hidayah (2016), sastera indie lebih bersifat sarkastik, protes, menentang, maki hamun dan tidak mempunyai ciri-ciri penulisan yang tertentu. Begitu juga menurut Md Salleh Yaapar yang mengatakan karya â€˜indieâ€™ boleh merosakkan bahasa Melayu dan jati diri bangsa Melayu, (Astro Awani: 2016). Justeru, kajian ini akan berfokus kepada analisis plot, watak dan perwatakan dan gaya penulisan dalam tiga buah novel sastera indie yang akan dikupas secara struktural.
Implementasi Model Group Investigation Dalam Pembelajaran Partikel Penyusun Materi Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Aktivitas Dan Prestasi Belajar IPA Di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang
Authors: Hermanto Bambang , Winaryati Eny 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan keaktfan peserta didik. Obyek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IX.D SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 dengan jumlah 30 orang. Metode pada penelitian ini dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Desain Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan empat langkah, yaitu Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Observasi, dan Refleksi. Indicator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas peserta didik mencapai 90% peserta didik tuntas dengan KKM=70. Ketercapaian kompetensi peserta didik dari hasil belajar kognitif mencapai minimum 85% peserta didik tuntas dari nilai KKM (KKM=70), hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik mencapai 85% peserta didik tuntas dengan nilai KKM=70. Kehadiran peserta didik dalam penelitian ini diharapkan minimum 90% peserta didik hadir.
Hasil observasi dan interview dari penelitian ini menunjukkan respon dan antusiasme peserta didik sangat luar biasa dengan adanya penerapan Group Investigation dalam proses pembelajaran IPA. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah aktivitas peserta didik pada siklus I sebesar 76, 67% dengan rata-rata 79,80. Rekomendasi siklus I adalah dilaksanakannya siklus II pada model group investigation. Hasil penelitian pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 96,67% peserta didik tuntas dengan rata-rata 90,25. Hasil belajar kognitif pada siklus I rata-rata nilai peserta didik 76,50 meningkat pada siklus II dengan rata-rata 86,75. Persentase ketuntasan pada siklus I mencapai 73,33% dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 93,33%. Kehadiran peserta didik pada siklus I dan II mencapai 100%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi pertikel penyusun materi dapat meningkat melalui penerapan model Group Investigation.