bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double dimensional reduction of M5-brane action in Sen formalism
Authors: Phonchantuek Anajak , Vanichchapongjaroen Pichet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present double dimensional reduction of the complete M5-brane action in the Sen formalism of self-dual form. Although in this formalism the gravity couples to the independent pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form and pseudo-$$3$$

3

-form fields in a non-standard and very complicated way, the double dimensional reduction on the complete action can be carried out. This is by dualising some components of the pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form field and integrating out the pseudo-$$3$$

3

-form field. We show explicitly that the double dimensional reduction on a circle gives rise to the complete D4-brane or the complete dual D4-brane action depending on what components of the pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form field are dualised. The duality between the D4-brane and dual D4-brane actions are realised in the viewpoint of the Sen formalism as the swapping of the roles of the components of the pseudo-$$2$$

2

-form field between those which are dualised and those which remain. We also make a brief outline on how to generalise this to the cases of dimensional reduction on some other spaces as well as how to understand the duality of reduced action from the viewpoint of the Sen formalism. An explicit example for dimensional reduction of the quadratic six-dimensional action on a torus is given and the realisation of its S-duality is also discussed.
Exploration of diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion on the nonlinear radiative heat flow of a conducting fluid over a permeable surface
Authors: Prakash Sharma Ram , Pattnaik P. K. , Mishra S. R. , Rao Allipudi Subba 
Published: August 2023

The featured problem explores the impact of cross-diffusion on the two-dimensional electrically conducting flow of a viscous liquid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet through a permeable medium. An inclusion of radiative heat energizes the heat transport phenomenon whereas the solutal transfer enriches by the conjunction of the chemical reaction. To justify the behavior of electromagnetic radiation, the Rosseland approximation is used by considering nonlinear thermal radiation. Further, the convective boundary conditions also affect the flow properties. The approachable transformations are employed to get a suitable non-dimensional form of the governing equations for the formulated problem. Due to the complex nature of the distorted equations, the system of equations is solved using an in-built code bvp5c predefined in MATLAB. The computation is carried out for the involvement of the suitable values of contributing parameters on the flow characteristics and along with the simulations of the rate coefficients. Further, the assigned particular parameters present an outcome that validates with a good correlation. Finally, the important outcomes are — enhanced suction due to the permeability of the surface augments the fluid velocity whereas the trend is reversed in the case of injection. The augmentation in the fluid temperature is exhibited for the radiating heat but the reacting species attenuates the fluid concentration.
PAD4-Induced NETosis Via Cathepsin G–Mediated Platelet-Neutrophil Interaction in ChAdOx1 Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis—Brief Report
Authors: Carnevale Roberto , Leopizzi Martina , Dominici Marcello , d’Amati Giulia , Bartimoccia Simona , Nocella Cristina , Cammisotto Vittoria , D’Amico Alessandra , Castellani Valentina , Baratta Francesco , Bertelli Alessia , Arrivi Alessio , Toni Danilo , De Michele Manuela , Pignatelli Pasquale , Marcucci Rossella , Violi Francesco 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare syndrome characterized by platelet anti-PF4 (platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4)–related thrombosis. Platelet-neutrophil interaction has been suggested to play a role, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

METHODS:
The study included 10 patients with VITT after ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford 1) nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine administration, 10 patients with ischemic stroke (IS), 10 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, and 10 control subjects in whom blood levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), soluble TF (tissue factor), and thrombin generation were examined. Furthermore, we performed in vitro studies comparing the effect of serum from patients and controls on NETs formation. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed in cerebral thrombi retrieved from a patients with VITT and 3 patients with IS.

RESULTS:

Compared with patients with IS, patients with deep vein thrombosis, controls, and patients with VITT had significantly higher blood values of CitH3 (citrullinated histone H3), soluble TF, D-dimer, and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (
P
<0.0001). Blood CitH3 significantly correlated with blood soluble TF (Spearman rank correlation coefficient=0.7295;
P
=0.0206) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient=0.6809;
P
<0.0350) in patients with VITT. Platelet-neutrophil mixture added with VITT plasma resulted in higher NETs formation, soluble TF and thrombin generation, and platelet-dependent thrombus growth under laminar flow compared with IS and deep vein thrombosis plasma; these effects were blunted by PAD4 (protein arginine deiminase 4) and cathepsin G inhibitors, anti-FcγRIIa (Fc receptor for IgG class IIa), and high doses of heparin. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a more marked expression of PAD4 along with more diffuse neutrophil infiltration and NETs formation as well as TF and cathepsin expression in VITT thrombus compared with thrombi from patients with IS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with VITT display enhanced thrombogenesis by PAD4-mediated NETs formation via cathepsin G–mediated platelet/neutrophil interaction.
Prognosis of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Fayssoil Abdallah , Mansencal Nicolas , Nguyen Lee S. , Nardi Olivier , Yaou Rabah Ben , Leturcq France , Amthor Helge , Wahbi Karim , Becane Henri Marc , Lofaso Frederic , Prigent Helene , Bassez Guillaume , Behin Anthony , Stojkovic Tanya , Fontaine Bertrand , Duboc Denis , Dubourg Olivier , Clair Bernard , Laforet Pascal , Annane Djillali , Orlikowski David 
Published: August 2023

Background
Chronic respiratory failure and heart involvement may occur in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of the right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Methods and Results

We studied 90 genetically proven patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2010 to 2019, to obtain respiratory function and Doppler echocardiographic RV systolic function. Prognostic value was assessed in terms of death and cardiac events. The median age was 27.5 years, and median forced vital capacity was at 10% of the predicted value: 83 patients (92%) were on home mechanical ventilation. An RV systolic dysfunction was found in 46 patients (51%). In patients without RV dysfunction at inclusion, a left ventricular systolic dysfunction at inclusion was associated with a higher risk of developing RV dysfunction during follow‐up with an odds ratio of 4.5 (
P
=0.03). RV systolic dysfunction was significantly associated with cardiac events, mainly acute heart failure (62%) and cardiogenic shock (23%). In a multivariable Cox model, the adjusted hazard ratio was 4.96 (95% CI [1.09–22.6];
P
=0.04). In terms of death, we found a significant difference between patients with RV dysfunction versus patients without RV dysfunction in the Kaplan–Meier curves (log‐rank
P
=0.045).

Conclusions
RV systolic dysfunction is frequently present in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and is associated with increased risk of cardiac events, irrespective of left ventricular dysfunction and mechanical ventilation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.org
; unique identifier: NCT02501083.
Proteome‐Wide Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identified Potential Drug Targets for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Huang Tao , Jia Jinzhu 
Published: August 2023

Background
Finding effective and safe therapeutic drugs for atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important concern for clinicians. Proteome‐wide Mendelian randomization analysis provides new ideas for finding potential drug targets.

Methods and Results

Using a proteome‐wide Mendelian randomization approach, we assessed the genetic predictive causality between thousands of proteins and AF risk and found that genetically predicted plasma levels of phosphomevalonate kinase, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12, sulfhydryl oxidase 2, interleukin‐6 receptor subunit alpha, and low‐affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II‐b might decrease AF risk, while genetically predicted plasma levels of beta‐mannosidase, collagen alpha‐1(XV) chain, ANXA4 (annexin A4), COF2 (cofilin‐2), and RAB1A (Ras‐related protein Rab‐1A) might increase AF risk (
P
<3.4×10
−5
). By using different Mendelian randomization methods and instrumental variable selection thresholds, we performed sensitivity analyses in 30 scenarios to test the robustness of positive findings. Replication analyses were also performed in independent samples to further avoid false‐positive findings. Drugs targeting tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12, interleukin‐6 receptor subunit alpha, low‐affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II‐b, and annexin A4 are approved or in development. The results of the phenome‐wide Mendelian randomization analysis showed that changing the plasma levels of phosphomevalonate kinase, cofilin‐2, annexin A4, Ras‐related protein Rab‐1A, sulfhydryl oxidase 2, and collagen alpha‐1(XV) chain did not increase the risk of other diseases while decreasing the risk of AF.

Conclusions
We found a significant causal association between genetically predicted levels of 10 plasma proteins and AF risk. Four of these proteins have drugs targeting them that are approved or in development, and our results suggest the potential for these drugs to treat AF or cause AF. Sulfhydryl oxidase 2, low‐affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II‐b, and beta‐mannosidase have not been suggested by previous laboratory or epidemiological studies to be associated with AF and may reveal new pathophysiological pathways as well as therapeutic targets for AF.
Utilization and Outcomes of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Goldstein Sarah A. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Friedman Daniel J. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Wang Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Background
There is uncertainty about the appropriate use of primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) among older patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who received a primary prevention ICD between 2010 and 2016 were identified using the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry. Trends in ICD utilization and patient characteristics were assessed over time. Using linked Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service claims data, Cox proportional hazard models assessed factors associated with mortality and postdischarge hospitalization for cardiac arrest/ventricular arrhythmia. Of 5571 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1511 (27.1%) were ≥65 years old. ICD utilization increased over time in all age groups. There were no changes in the prevalence of risk factors for sudden cardiac death over time. The variables most strongly associated with postdischarge mortality were older age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.80 [95% CI, 1.47–2.21]), New York Heart Association class (III/IV versus I/II aHR 2.17 [95% CI, 1.57–2.98]), and left ventricular ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% versus >50% aHR 2.34 [95% CI, 1.58–3.48]; left ventricular ejection fraction 36%–50% versus >50% aHR 2.98 [95% CI, 2.02–4.40]), while history of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (aHR 2.38 [95% CI, 1.62–3.51]) and New York Heart Association class (III/IV versus I/II aHR 1.84 [95% CI, 1.22–2.78]) were strongly associated with hospitalization for ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest.

Conclusions
Primary prevention ICD utilization in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy increased over time, including among those ≥65 years old. Among older patients, the strongest risk factors for hospitalization for ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest following ICD implantation were history of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and New York Heart Association class.
Atherosclerosis Burden of Brain‐ and Heart‐Supplying Arteries and the Relationship With Vascular Risk in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kong Qi , Ma Xin , Li Luguang , Wang Chen , Du Xiangying , Wan Yungao 
Published: August 2023

Background
Atherosclerosis of brain‐ and heart‐supplying arteries (BHAs) are risk indicators for patients with ischemic stroke, but the atherosclerosis burden (AB) of intracranial, cervical, aortic, and coronary arteries in each and in total have not been simultaneously evaluated, and the associations with vascular risk remain unknown.

Methods and Results
With computed tomography angiography, single‐territory AB was triple ranked on the basis of the number of arterial segments with a significant atherosclerotic lesion. The total AB (TAB) of BHAs was triple ranked on the basis of the number of arterial territories with a significant atherosclerotic lesion, or according to the sum of 4 single‐territory AB rank‐scores. After a 12‐month follow‐up of 395 patients with ischemic stroke, a composite outcome of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death occurred in 10.9%. The single‐territory AB of intracranial, cervical, aortic, and coronary arteries showed distinct strata patterns and different associations with vascular risk. The score‐based TAB of BHAs predicted vascular risk (crude hazard ratios [95% CIs]: per level increase, 2.35 [1.54–3.58]; median versus low, 3.37 [1.45–7.82]; high versus low, 6.00 [2.36–15.24]) independently of vascular risk factors and single‐territory AB, providing more prognostic information than the TAB of BHAs measured by the number of significantly atherosclerotic territories. Vascular events occurred in 3.0%, 13.6%, and 22.6% of patients in the low (41.8%), median (44.8%), and high (13.4%) strata of the score‐based TAB of BHAs, respectively.

Conclusions
The single‐territory AB of intracranial, cervical, aortic, or coronary arteries might be not reliable for vascular risk stratification in patients with ischemic stroke, and evaluating the TAB of BHAs by quantitatively integrating the single‐territory AB is advisable.
Green Financial and Regulatory Policies: Why Are Some Central Banks Moving Faster than Others?
Authors: Gupta Bhavya , Cheng Ruijie , Rajan Ramkishen S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Climate change poses financial risks to individual firms and is a source of systemic risk to the stability of financial systems. Central banks are emerging as key state actors in environmental governance to tackle these risks, implementing policies encompassing regulatory oversight, credit guidance, and the greening of prudential regulations. The diffusion of these policies across countries is at various stages of deliberation and implementation. In this context, this article uses a newly constructed index measuring the intensity of green financial and regulatory policies imposed by central banks of various developed and developing countries from 1996 through 2018. We empirically assess whether central banks in countries that are more vulnerable to climate change are more likely to be implementers of these policies and find robust evidence in support of our hypothesis.
Interrupting the Human: Shuffling
Authors: van Bever Donker Maurits 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
What does it mean to be adequate to a conjuncture? What, if anything, can such a project, and the failure thereof, teach us with regard to the work of freedom, and its time? In this paper, I suggest that “inaugurating postcolonial difference lodges difference not as a marker of identity … It is, instead, an ethics of response … [It] is, ultimately a possibility of reading.” It is Sylvia Wynter, throughout her oeuvre but most explicitly in her conversations with Katherine McKittrick, who posits a sense of the human that grasps it as a blending of “mythoi” and “bios”, of story and genetics. In this crucial framing for my intervention, being adequate means to always interrupt the narrative of the human: where one starts matters. The human functions as a ground for the articulation of, and claims to, particular rights. It is the human that claims freedom, and it is in the name of the human that the limits of these claims are also set out. As such, the paper offers “reading”, specifically a form of slow reading named as “shuffling”, which is gleaned from different scenes – among them the preambles and post-ambles of founding texts in South Africa’s transition from apartheid, and Biko’s court case – each of which add a new aspect to the “shuffle” by which a reading happens, as a method for exodus.
Health literacy strengths and challenges of people in New South Wales prisons: a cross-sectional survey using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)
Authors: Gill Scott , Zeki Reem , Kaye Sharlene , Zingirlis Panayiota , Archer Vicki , Lewandowski Amy , Creighton Grantley , Shaw Caron , Bowman Julia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Health literacy is an important factor for enabling people to manage their health and live long fulfilling lives. People in prison are frequently from marginalised communities, often out of reach of conventional community based health organisations, and have poorer health outcomes. It is essential to understanding the health literacy profiles of people in prison, and its contribution to the well-established health inequities and outcomes of this population. This study aimed to use a multi-dimensional health literacy measurement tool to describe the strengths and challenges of adults incarcerated in NSW prisons.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted for people in prison across 14 publicly operated metropolitan prisons. Data were collected from 471 participants using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Participant characteristics and health conditions were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Effect sizes (ES) for standardised differences in means were used to describe the magnitude of difference between participant characteristic groups.

Results
Participants’ median age was 38.0 (range 19 – 91) years. Males comprised 81% of the sample, 21% identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, and 53% reported a health problem. People in prison had lower scores for all nine HLQ scales when compared to the general Australian population. Small to medium ES were seen for mean differences between most demographic groups. Compared to males, females had lower scores for several of the HLQ scales including ‘having sufficient information to manage health’ (ES 0.30 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.07, 0.53]), ‘ability to actively engage with health care professionals’ (ES 0.30 [95% CI 0.06, 0.53]), ‘navigating the healthcare system’ (ES 0.30 [95% CI 0.06, 0.53]), and, ‘ability to find good health information’ (ES 0.33 [95% CI 0.10, 0.57]). Differing health literacy scale scores with small to medium ES were found when comparing participants by legal status. Mainly small ES were seen when comparing other participant characteristic groups.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into the health literacy strengths and challenges for people in NSW prisons. These findings highlight the important role health literacy could have in addressing health disparities in this vulnerable population and can inform prison health services.
Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study
Authors: Ye Chenglin , Yuan Li , Wu Kailang , Shen Bingzheng , Zhu Chengliang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is a quantitative measurement of the systemic immune-inflammatory response in the human body. The SII has been shown to have prognostic value in various clinical settings, including critical illness, sepsis, and cancer. Its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear and requires further investigation.

Methods
We analyzed demographic data from 16,636 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the correlation between COPD, lung function, chronic respiratory symptoms and SII. We used Cox proportional hazards (PH) model to analyze the relationship between SII and mortality in COPD patients and healthy individuals. We used propensity score matching (PSM) method to match the COPD population with similar baseline levels with the normal population to further analyze the correlation between SII and COPD.

Results
We recruited 16,636 participants, ages 40 and above, for the study. A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher SII level was independently associated with an elevated likelihood of COPD (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.449; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.252–1.676, P < 0.0001) after controlling for all other factors. Results of subgroup analysis showed a significant positive correlation between SII and COPD in different age groups, gender, Body Mass Index, smoking status, and those with a history of hypertension. The SII index had positive correlation with COPD after PSM (OR = 1.673; 95%CI: 1.443–1.938). After full adjustment, an increase in the SII is associated with a higher all-cause mortality rate. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% CI in the general population, COPD patients, and healthy individuals are 1.161 (1.088, 1.239), 1.282 (1.060, 1.550), and 1.129 (1.055, 1.207), respectively.

Conclusions
Higher SII levels are linked to higher prevalence of COPD. COPD patients with a higher SII levels have a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Additional large-scale, long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Nonlinear relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of prediabetes: a retrospective study based on Chinese adults
Authors: Zheng Xiaodan , Zhang Xin , Han Yong , Hu Haofei , Cao Changchun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) can reflect the burden of atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between AIP and prediabetes is rarely studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between AIP and prediabetes.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study recruited 100,069 Chinese adults at the Rich Healthcare Group from 2010 to 2016. AIP was calculated according to Log10 (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) formula. Cox regression method, sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were used to examine the relationship between AIP and prediabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting was performed to explore the non-linearity between AIP and prediabetes. The two-piece Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the inflection point of AIP on the risk of prediabetes.

Results
After adjusting for confounding covariates, AIP was positively associated with prediabetes (HR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.31–1.52, P < 0.0001). The two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards regression model discovered that the AIP’s inflection point was 0.03 (P for log-likelihood ratio test < 0.001). AIP was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes when AIP ≤ 0.03 (HR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.66–2.16, P < 0.0001). In contrast, When AIP > 0.03, their association was not significant (HR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.91–1.19, P = 0.5528).

Conclusion
This study shows that AIP was positively and non-linearly associated with the risk of prediabetes after adjusting for other confounding factors. When AIP ≤ 0.03, AIP was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes.