bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuum‐Assisted Closure Significantly Reduces Surgical Postoperative Complications Compared With Primary Abdominal Closure in Patients With Secondary Peritonitis: A Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Rajabaleyan Pooya , Vang Ask , Möller Sören , Khalaf Sardar , Ladegaard Anna Gosvig , Qvist Niels , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVacuum‐assisted abdominal closure (VAC) is being increasingly used as an adjunctive procedure in the surgical treatment of secondary peritonitis. This study compared postoperative mortality and complication rates between VAC and primary abdominal closure (PAC).MethodThis retrospective chart review included all patients diagnosed with secondary peritonitis who underwent laparotomy between 2010 and 2019. Data were collected from six hospitals within Southern Denmark, covering a population of approximately 1,225,000 inhabitants.ResultsThe study involved 315 patients (139 in the PAC and 176 in the VAC groups). In the VAC group, BMI, ASA, SOFA, MPI, and four quadrant contamination was significantly higher at the index operation. There were no significant differences in nonadjusted and adjusted postoperative mortality at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year, with cumulative values of 13%, 16%, and 21%, respectively, compared with 16%, 21%, and 31%, in the PAC group (p = 0.519, p = 0.380, and p = 0.051, respectively). Cumulative adjusted surgical postoperative complications at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year, as assessed by the comprehensive complication index, was significantly higher in the PAC group. Reoperations were significantly more common in the PAC group. The total length of the intensive care unit admission was significantly longer in the VAC group, with a mean of 9.0 ± 12.1 versus 6.7 ± 12.1 days (p < 0.001).ConclusionVAC after laparotomy for secondary peritonitis did not significantly reduce mortality but increased ICU stay, whereas primary closure led to higher surgical complication rates and reoperations.
Impact of Small Tumor Size on Prognosis in T3N1 Colon Cancer
Authors: Tamai Koki , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Tsujimura Naoto , Nishida Kentaro , Mori Soichiro , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Nomura Masatoshi , Hamakawa Takuya , Takiuchi Daisuke , Tsujie Masanori , Akamaru Yusuke 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraditionally, large tumor size is associated with poor survival in colon cancer, but its impact remains limited and controversial. Recently, the impact of small tumor size on prognosis has gained attention. This study aimed to investigate whether small tumor size can be an additional parameter for T3N1 colon cancer prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 162 consecutive patients with pT3N1 colon cancer between 2010 and 2021. The optimal cutoff value of tumor size was calculated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We evaluated survival through the Kaplan–Meier method, and the risk of prognosis through multivariate Cox models.ResultsThe optimal cutoff value of tumor size was 45 mm. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in tumor size < 45 mm than in ≥ 45 mm (25.7% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.037). Tumor size < 45 mm also had lower overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) than its counterpart (p = 0.03 for all). In multivariate analyses, age ≥ 70 years, undifferentiated histological type, and tumor size < 45 mm were independent prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.025, p = 0.001, p < 0.04, respectively), whereas tumor size < 45 mm was the only independent prognostic factor for RFS (p = 0.043). Meanwhile, the independent prognostic factors for CSS were undifferentiated histological type and tumor size < 45 mm (p = 0.008 for both).ConclusionsSmall tumor size is associated with poor prognosis in pT3N1 colon cancer cases. Thus, small tumors potentially have biologically aggressive features.
Hospital admission of older patients with mild traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: is it always necessary?
Authors: Santing Juliette A. L. , Van Gent Maxime , Van Den Brand Crispijn L. , Van Der Naalt Joukje , Jellema Korné 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and importance
Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is not uncommon in the elderly. Often, these patients are admitted to the hospital for observation. The necessity of admission in the absence of clinically important intracranial injuries is however unclear.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to identify which factors additional to tICH affect the risk of this outcome and to evaluate the differences in the risk of adverse outcome in younger and older mTBI patients with tICH.

Design, setting, and participants
This retrospective study assessed adult (≥ 16 years) mTBI patients with tICH admitted to a Level 1 trauma center between January 2017 and October 2020.

Outcome measures and analysis
Patients were stratified into two groups, age < 65 years and age ≥ 65 years. Adverse outcome due to tICH was assessed using a composite adverse outcome which comprised either, a drop in GCS by more than 1 point, progression of or new neurological deficits, seizure activity, progression of tICH on repeated neuroimaging after clinical deterioration, a neurosurgical intervention, a readmission within three months of injury related to TBI, or death. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the composite adverse outcome.

Main results
In total, 332 mTBI patients with tICH were enrolled in our study. Older mTBI patients with tICH met the criteria for the composite adverse outcome significantly more often than younger patients (12.6% 95% CI 8.0–17.0% vs. 4.9%, 95% CI 1.0–9.0%, p = 0.033). The univariate analysis showed that a neurological deficit (OR 6.55, 95% CI 2.37–18.08) or a SDH on admission (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.40–6.99) was positively associated with the composite adverse outcome in older patients. The presence of isolated traumatic SAH (tSAH) was associated with a decreased risk of the composite adverse outcome (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01–0.71). Multivariate analysis was not possible.

Conclusion
Serious adverse outcomes are frequently observed in older mTBI patients with tICH. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that older patients with an isolated tSAH are at low-risk for deterioration and may be directly discharged from the ED after a short period of observation.
CPR related injuries of the chest wall: direct and indirect fractures
Authors: Schenderlein Anne , Groh Johannes , Kern Florian , Perl Mario , Schulz-Drost Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rib and sternum fractures are common injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The fracture mechanism is either direct by application of force on sternum and anterior ribs or indirect by bending through compression of the thorax. The aim of this study was to determine morphologies of rib fractures after CPR and to reevaluate prior findings on fracture localisation, type and degree of dislocation.

Methods
The present study was based on all inpatients treated for chest wall fractures after non traumatic cardiac arrest at a Level 1 Trauma Centre from 2010 to 2016 who had received CT scans. Each fracture was analyzed for location, degree of dislocation and fracture type classified according to AO/OTA and CWIS. We also analysed Fracture Line orientation.

Results
We enrolled 40 patients with a total of 423 rib fractures. We found most fractures anterolaterally between the 3rd to 6th rib symmetrically on both sides of the thorax. We found sternum fractures in 30% of the patients, 50% being located at the at the corpus sterni between rib 3 and 4. All patients with sternum fractures suffered from rib fractures and most had fractures of the cartilage or osteochondral junction. All cartilage fractures were straight, undisplaced type A fractures. Most indirect fractures occurred anterolaterally between 50 and 60° in the axial plane. More than 90% of those fractures were classified as type A, 70% showed a straight fracture line and 60% were undisplaced. There was no difference in degree of dislocation between straight and oblique fracture lines. We found 143 incomplete fractures.

Conclusion
We confirmed prior findings regarding fracture patterns in CPR related injuries. We observed approximately 2–3 times as many straight-lined fractures as oblique ones following indirect trauma. One third of all fractures are incomplete, these highlights the special characteristics like high elasticity of ribs.
Stable sheaves on bielliptic surfaces: from the classical to the modern
Authors: Nuer Howard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bielliptic surfaces are the last family of Kodaira dimension zero algebraic surfaces without a classification result for the Chern characters of stable sheaves. We rectify this and prove such a classification using a combination of classical techniques, on the one hand, and derived category and Bridgeland stability techniques, on the other. Along the way, we prove the existence of projective coarse moduli spaces of objects in the derived category of a bielliptic surface that Bridgeland semistable with respect to a generic stability condition. By systematically studying the connection between Bridgeland wall-crossing and birational geometry, we show that for any two generic stability conditions

$$\tau ,\sigma $$

τ
,
σ

, the two moduli spaces

$$M_\tau (\textbf{v})$$

M
τ

(
v
)

and

$$M_\sigma (\textbf{v})$$

M
σ

(
v
)

of objects of Chern character

$$\textbf{v}$$

v

that are semistable with respect to

$$\tau $$

τ

(resp.

$$\sigma $$

σ

) are birational. As a consequence, we show that for primitive

$$\textbf{v}$$

v

, the moduli space of stable sheaves of class

$$\textbf{v}$$

v

is birational to a moduli space of stable sheaves whose Chern character has one of finitely many easily understood “shapes".
The Random Arnold Conjecture: A New Probabilistic Conley-Zehnder Theory for Symplectic Maps
Authors: Pelayo Álvaro , Rezakhanlou Fraydoun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inspired by the classical Conley-Zehnder Theorem and the Arnold Conjecture in symplectic topology, we prove a number of probabilistic theorems about the existence and density of fixed points of symplectic strand diffeomorphisms in dimensions greater than 2. These are symplectic diffeomorphisms

$$\Phi = (Q,P): {{\mathbb {R}}}^{d} \times {{\mathbb {R}}}^{d} \rightarrow {{\mathbb {R}}}^{d} \times {{\mathbb {R}}}^{d}$$

Φ
=

(
Q
,
P
)

:

R

d

×

R

d

→

R

d

×

R

d

on the variables (q, p) such that for every

$$p\in {{\mathbb {R}}}^d$$

p
∈

R

d

the induced map

$$q\mapsto Q(q,p)$$

q
↦
Q
(
q
,
p
)

is a diffeomorphism of

$${{\mathbb {R}}}^d$$

R

d

. In particular we verify that quasiperiodic symplectic strand diffeomorphisms have infinitely many fixed points almost surely, provided certain natural conditions hold (inspired by the conditions in the Conley-Zehnder Theorem). The paper contains also a number of theorems which go well beyond the quasiperiodic case. Overall the paper falls within the area of stochastic dynamics but with a very strong symplectic geometric motivation, and as such its main inspiration can be traced back to Poincaré’s fundamental work on celestial mechanics and the restricted 3-body problem.
Six-dimensional Supermultiplets from Bundles on Projective Spaces
Authors: Hahner Fabian , Noja Simone , Saberi Ingmar , Walcher Johannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The projective variety of square-zero elements in the six-dimensional minimal supersymmetry algebra is isomorphic to

$$\mathbb {P}^1 \times \mathbb {P}^3$$

P

1

×

P

3

. We use this fact, together with the pure spinor superfield formalism, to study supermultiplets in six dimensions, starting from vector bundles on projective spaces. We classify all multiplets whose derived invariants for the supertranslation algebra form a line bundle over the nilpotence variety; one can think of such multiplets as being those whose holomorphic twists have rank one over Dolbeault forms on spacetime. In addition, we explicitly construct multiplets associated to natural higher-rank equivariant vector bundles, including the tangent and normal bundles as well as their duals. Among the multiplets constructed are the vector multiplet and hypermultiplet, the family of

$${\mathcal {O}}(n)$$

O
(
n
)

-multiplets, and the supergravity and gravitino multiplets. Along the way, we tackle various theoretical problems within the pure spinor superfield formalism. In particular, we give some general discussion about the relation of the projective nilpotence variety to multiplets and prove general results on short exact sequences and dualities of sheaves in the context of the pure spinor superfield formalism.
Lieb–Thirring Inequality for the 2D Pauli Operator
Authors: Frank Rupert L. , Kovařík Hynek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
By the Aharonov–Casher theorem, the Pauli operator P has no zero eigenvalue when the normalized magnetic flux

$$\alpha $$

α

satisfies

$$|\alpha |<1$$

|
α
|
<
1

, but it does have a zero energy resonance. We prove that in this case a Lieb–Thirring inequality for the

$$\gamma $$

γ

-th moment of the eigenvalues of

$$P+V$$

P
+
V

is valid under the optimal restrictions

$$\gamma \ge |\alpha |$$

γ
≥
|
α
|

and

$$\gamma >0$$

γ
>
0

. Besides the usual semiclassical integral, the right side of our inequality involves an integral where the zero energy resonance state appears explicitly. Our inequality improves earlier works that were restricted to moments of order

$$\gamma \ge 1$$

γ
≥
1

.
Fire performance of wood–steel hybrid elements: finite element analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Abdelrahman Mostafa , Khaloian-Sarnaghi Ani , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wood-steel hybrid (WSH) elements are gaining popularity in the construction industry due to their reduced environmental impact and high load capacity. However, fire resistance remains a crucial challenge for advancing wood as a construction material. The proposed WSH slab consists of a trapezoidal steel profile sandwiched between two laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beech panels. This research aims to numerically predict the fire performance of the proposed WSH slab element by generating heat transfer models that consider convection, radiation, and conduction. The objectives are to predict the temperature profile of the system's components, assess the charring rate of the LVL panels, and validate the results with experimental fire tests. Computed Tomography (CT) scanning was additionally used to detect the material density variation in the remaining LVL layers after fire tests. Simulations reveal that the size and shape of the internal cavity significantly influence heat flow within the system. Analysis of different thicknesses and heights of the steel sheet shows a substantial impact on the charring initiation time of the upper LVL layer. Temperature profiles of the components from numerical analysis exhibit similar behavior to that observed in the experiments. The experimental charring rate averages between 0.88—1.00 mm/min, while the numerical rate averages between 0.95—1.06 mm/min, with a 5–8% average deviation attributed to conduction interaction between LVL and the steel sheet. This variation may also be caused by the definition of generic thermal properties of wood according to EN1995-1-2, which may not accurately represent the behavior of the LVL element under fire.
Staging of prostate Cancer with ultra-fast PSMA-PET scans enhanced by AI
Authors: Kersting David , Borys Katarzyna , Küper Alina , Kim Moon , Haubold Johannes , Goerttler Tsepo , Umutlu Lale , Costa Pedro Fragoso , Kleesiek Jens , Rischpler Christoph , Nensa Felix , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Weber Manuel , Hosch René , Seifert Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
PSMA-PET is a reference standard examination for patients with prostate cancer, but even using recently introduced digital PET detectors image acquisition with standard field-of-view scanners is still in the range of 20 min. This may cause limited access to examination slots because of the growing demand for PSMA-PET. Ultra-fast PSMA-PET may enhance throughput but comes at the cost of poor image quality. The aim of this manuscript is to evaluate the accuracy of AI-enhanced ultra-fast PSMA-PET for staging of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods
A total number of 357 whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET datasets were included. Patients underwent two digital PET scans, one at standard and one at ultra-fast speed (table speed: 0.6–1.2 mm/s vs. 50 mm/s). A modified pix2pixHD generative adversarial network to enhance the ultra-fast images was trained with 286 datasets and evaluated with the remaining 71 datasets. The staging accuracy of ultra-fast PSMA-PET and AI-enhanced ultra-fast PET was compared with the reference standard PET separately for miTNM regions proposed by PROMISE V2.0.

Results
The AI-network significantly improved the visual image quality and detection rate in most miTNM regions compared with the non-enhanced image data (T: 69.6% vs. 43.5%, p < 0.05; N: 46.3% vs. 27.8%, p < 0.01; M1a 64.4% vs. 47.5%, p < 0.01; M1b: 85.7% vs. 72.1%, p < 0.01). However, improvement was not significant for the M1c category (42.9 vs. 28.6%, p > 0.05). Missed lesions had a smaller SUVmax and lesion size compared with detected lesions (exemplary for N: 9.5 vs. 26.5 SUVmax; 4 vs. 10 mm). SUVmax values of lesions were significantly different in all miTNM regions between the ultra-fast and reference standard PET, but only in the T-region between the AI-enhanced and reference standard PET.

Conclusion
The AI-based image enhancement improved image quality and region detection rates by a mean of 17.9%. As the sensitivity of synthetic PET for small and low-uptake lesions was limited, a potential clinical use case could be disease monitoring in patients with high tumor volume and PSMA uptake undergoing PSMA radioligand therapy. The improvement in detection rate of distant metastases was not significant. This indicates that more training data is needed to ensure robust results also for lesions that have lower appearance frequency. Future studies on accelerated PSMA-PET seem warranted.
Assessing Mitigation Translocation as a Tool to Reduce Human–great Horned owl Conflicts
Authors: Washburn Brian E. , Massey Benjamin J. , Sonnek Alec C. , Pitlik Todd J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) is a generalist predator that inhabits wide-ranging territories that are relatively stable throughout the year. These owls are also involved in a variety of human–owl conflicts, including killing of domestic poultry, predating colonially nesting seabirds and shorebirds, and pose a hazard to safe aircraft operations. Managing these conflict situations presents unique challenges as great horned owls are nocturnally active and occupy a wide range of habitats. We evaluated information about great horned owl collisions with civilian aircraft and found this is a contemporary and growing aviation safety issue. We conducted a study to determine whether a biological (e.g., age of the bird) and logistical factors (e.g., month and translocation distance) influenced the return rate of great horned owls following a mitigation translocation from 13 civil airports and three military airfields during 2013–2023. Great horned owls (n = 1,020) were live-captured, banded, and translocated various distances from the airfields which were then monitored for returning owls. We developed a set of candidate binomial-distributed generalized linear models [involving all possible subsets of three factors (age, month, and distance translocated) as well as interactions]. The return rate of translocated great horned owls was very low (i.e., 2.6%) and we found no evidence that these biological and logistical factors influenced great horned owl homing behavior. Management programs that use release sites 40 km from the conflict location and translocate individual owls only once would increase program efficacy by minimizing homing behavior and decreasing implementation costs.
Breast density assessment via quantitative sound-speed measurement using conventional ultrasound transducers
Authors: Bezek Can Deniz , Farkas Monika , Schweizer Dieter , Kubik-Huch Rahel A. , Goksel Orcun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The aim is to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a novel quantitative ultrasound (US) method based on global speed-of-sound (g-SoS) measurement using conventional US machines, for breast density assessment in comparison to mammographic ACR (m-ACR) categories.

Materials and methods
In a prospective study, g-SoS was assessed in the upper-outer breast quadrant of 100 women, with 92 of them also having m-ACR assessed by two radiologists across the entire breast. For g-SoS, ultrasonic waves were transmitted from varying transducer locations and the image misalignments between these were then related analytically to breast SoS. To test reproducibility, two consecutive g-SoS acquisitions each were taken at two similar breast locations by the same operator.

Results
Measurements were found highly repeatable, with a mean absolute difference ± standard deviation of 3.16 ± 3.79 m/s. Multiple measurements were combined yielding a single g-SoS estimate per each patient, which strongly correlated to m-ACR categories (Spearman’s = 0.773). The g-SoS values for categories A-D were 1459.6 ± 0.74, 1475.6 ± 15.92, 1515.6 ± 27.10, and 1545.7 ± 20.62, with all groups (except A-B) being significantly different from each other. Dense breasts (m-ACR C&D) were classified with 100% specificity at 78% sensitivity, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.931. Extremely dense breasts (m-ACR D) were classified with 100% sensitivity at 77.5% specificity (AUC = 0.906).

Conclusion
Quantitative g-SoS measurement of the breast was shown feasible and repeatable using conventional US machines, with values correlating strongly with m-ACR assessments.

Key Points

Question

Breast density is a strong predictor of risk for breast cancer, which frequently develops in dense tissue regions. Therefore, density assessment calls for refined non-ionizing methods.

Findings

Quantitative global speed-of-sound (g-SoS) measurement of the breast is shown to be feasible using conventional US machines, repeatable, and able to classify breast density with high accuracy.

Clinical relevance

Being effective in classifying dense breasts, where mammography has reduced sensitivity, g-SoS can help stratify patients for alternative modalities. Ideal day for mammography or MRI can be determined by monitoring g-SoS. Furthermore, g-SoS can be integrated into personalized risk assessment.

Graphical Abstract
Pelvic packing – status 2024
Authors: Gänsslen Axel , Pohlemann Tim , Lindahl Jan , Madsen Jan Erik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPatients with unstable hemodynamics and unstable pelvic ring injuries are still demanding patients regarding initial treatment and survival. Several concepts were reported during the last 30 years. Mechanical stabilization of the pelvis together with hemorrhage control offer the best treatment option in these patients. While pelvic ring stabilization using pelvic binders, external fixators and the pelvic C-clamp are the basis for mechanical stability of the pelvic ring, the optimal modality for pelvic bleeding control is still under discussion. Beside angioembolization (AE) and Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), pelvic packing PP (predominantly extraperitoneal) with direct access to the pelvic bleeding sources, are potential options. The present overview represents the present status, results and the value of pelvic packing in treating these patients. Interpretation of these results must consider the difference between the initial European concept of pelvic ring stabilization followed by PP in contrast to the North American concept with a reduced rate of pelvic ring stabilizations.