bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive amplification of microwave pulses via temporal Talbot effect: Experimental demonstration and potential applications
Authors: Pepino Vinicius M. , Mota Achiles F. , Borges Ben-Hur V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The temporal Talbot effect is a phenomenon that modulates the output pulse repetition rate based on the input period. As previously demonstrated, this effect enables innovative applications such as passive amplification. However, its observation in the microwave regime has been impractical due to the requirement for controlled propagation through a highly dispersive waveguide. To overcome this challenge, we employed an ultra-wide band linearly chirped Bragg grating within a standard microwave X-Band waveguide. By utilizing backwards Talbot array illuminators aided by particle swarm optimization, we achieved passive amplification with a gain of 3.45 dB and 4.03 dB for gaussian and raised cosine pulses, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that with higher quality substrates this gain can be theoretically increased to over 8 dB. Our work paves the way for numerous applications of the Talbot effect in the microwave regime, such as temporal cloaking, secure communications, stealth technology, microwave pulse shaping, and microwave frequency combs.
The effectiveness of past wildfire in limiting reburning is short-lived in a Mediterranean humid climate
Authors: Davim David Andre , Rossa Carlos G. , Pereira José M. C. , Guiomar Nuno , Fernandes Paulo M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The study of wildfire interactions (i.e., spread limitation and reburns) is gaining traction as a means of describing the self-limiting process of fire spread in the landscape and has important management implications but has not been attempted in Europe. We examined to what extent previously burned areas restricted the development of large wildfires (>500 ha) in mainland Portugal.
Results
We analysed wildfire areas in Portugal (1984-2021) and (1) modelled the proportion of large wildfire perimeters that ceased spread at fuel-age transitions to younger fuels resulting from previous wildfires, and (2) characterized patterns of large wildfire preference (and avoidance) for fuel age. Only 4% of the large wildfires did not comprise edges intersecting past wildfires. Low fuel age (especially up to 8 years post-fire) resulted in a high probability of a large wildfire perimeter being limited at fuel-age transitions, further enhanced by high historical burn probability and proximity to roads and watercourses. Perimeter limitation was lowest for Summer
wildfires (and high fire-suppression preparedness). The response of wildfire preference to increasing fuel age was extremely variable and thus an overall weak pattern emerged, with avoidance of fuels < 3 years and equal preference for ≥ 6-year-old fuels.
Conclusions
Large wildfire growth was hampered by building-up fuel resulting from antecedent wildfires. The fuel-reduction effect is short-lived in the prevailing Mediterranean humid climate of the study region. Nonetheless, it should be considered when planning fuel-reduction treatments and can be used as an opportunistic fuel treatment during large wildfire suppression operations.
Natural Oil Lure Outperforms Trimedlure in Capturing Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Shelly Todd , Oehlschlager Cam , Kurashima Rick 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Females of certain tephritid fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose an enormous agricultural threat, as they oviposit in commercially important fruits and vegetables. To mitigate potential losses, year-round trapping networks are often operated in fruit fly-free areas to detect incipient infestations. Trapping relies largely on male attractants, so-called male lures, with trimedlure (TML) being used to detect invasive Ceratitis spp. Operating large-scale surveillance programs incurs substantial costs for both supplies and labor, and the problem is exacerbated by the fact that trimedlure (as well as other male lures) is effective for relatively short intervals in the field (6–8 weeks). Because frequent servicing increases costs, there is considerable interest in modifying existing lures or developing new formulations to extend their effective field longevity. Here, we present results of a field study on a wild population of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), that indicate that a novel natural oil formulation, containing the natural plant product α-copaene, is a potent lure that is as effective as fresh trimedlure for as long as 24 weeks. Future work will focus on developing a dispenser for this formulation that is compatible with standard trap design and deployment.
Identification of a gene set that maintains tumorigenicity of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Li-7
Authors: Seyama Yusuke , Sudo Kazuhiro , Hirose Suguru , Hamano Yukako , Yamada Takeshi , Hiroyama Takashi , Sasaki Ryosuke , Hirai Masami Yokota , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Nakamura Yukio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The identification and development of therapeutic targets in cancer stem cells that lead to tumor development, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance is an important goal in cancer research. The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Li-7 contains functionally different types of cells. Cells with tumorforming activity are enriched in cancer stem cell-like CD13+CD166- cells and this cell population gradually decreases during culture in conventional culture medium (RPMI1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum). When Li-7 cells are cultured in mTeSR1, a medium developed for human pluripotent stem cells, CD13+CD166- cells and their tumorigenicity are maintained. Here, we sought to identify the mechanisms of tumorigenicity in this sub-population. We compared gene expression profiles of CD13+CD166- cells with other cell sub-populations and identified nine overexpressed genes (ENPP2, SCGN, FGFR4, MCOLN3, KCNJ16, SMIM22, SMIM24, SERPINH1, and TMPRSS2) in CD13+CD166- cells. After transfer from mTeSR1 to RPMI1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum, the expression of these nine genes decreased in Li-7 cells and they lost tumorigenicity. In contrast, when these genes of Li-7 cells were forcibly expressed in cultures using RPMI1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum, Li-7 cells maintained tumorigenicity. A metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry showed that two metabolic pathways, “Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism” and “Arginine biosynthesis”, were activated in cancer stem cell-like cells. Our analyses here showed potential therapeutic target genes and metabolites for treatment of cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.
The mechanism of drag reduction performance depending on the secretion rate of biomimetic mucus for a bio-inspired surface
Authors: Zhang Yitong , Zhang Kaisheng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In order to better suppress the turbulent burst phenomenon on the surface of the underwater vehicle and improve the drag reduction efficiency of the bionic surface, in this paper, based on the turbulent boundary layer theory, a hydrodynamic model is constructed, and the strip structure and vortex structure of mucus with different secretion rates are obtained by simulation, and the comparative analysis is carried out respectively. The results show that when 1/um+ is 2, the bionic mucus is evenly distributed on the wall, and the strips number near the wall is the lowest and the intertwining degree is the lowest; the flow direction vortices have the lowest number and density, and the mucus pore vortices do not lead to the increased of drag. The research in this paper improves the drag reduction efficiency of the bionic surface to 36.79%, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of the biomimetic mucus secretion rate in the drag reduction applications of underwater vehicles.
Fluorescent properties of cyanine dyes as a matter of the environment
Authors: Fan Fan , Povedailo Vladimir A. , Lysenko Ivan L. , Seviarynchyk Tatsiana P. , Sharko Olga L. , Mazunin Ilya O. , Shmanai Vadim V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In non-viscous aqueous solutions, the cyanine fluorescent dyes Cy3 and Cy5 have rather low fluorescence efficiency and short excited state lifetimes due to their structural features. In this work, we investigated the effect of solubility and rotational degrees of freedom on the fluorescence efficiency of Cy3 and Cy5 in several ways. We compared the fluorescence efficiencies of two cyanine dyes sCy3 and sCy5 with the introduction of a sulfonyl substituent in the aromatic ring as well as covalently bound to T10 oligonucleotides. The results show that because of the different lengths of the polymethine chains between the aromatic rings of the dyes, cis-trans-isomerization has a much greater effect on the Cy3 molecule than on the Cy5 molecule, while the effect of aggregation is also significant.
Could continuous cover forestry on drained peatlands increase the carbon sink of Finnish forests?
Authors: Lehtonen Aleksi , Eyvindson Kyle , Härkönen Kari , Leppä Kersti , Salmivaara Aura , Peltoniemi Mikko , Salminen Olli , Sarkkola Sakari , Launiainen Samuli , Ojanen Paavo , Räty Minna , Mäkipää Raisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Land-based mitigation measures are needed to achieve climate targets. One option is mitigation of currently high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of nutrient-rich drained peatland forest soils. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) has been proposed as a measure to manage this GHG emission source; however, its emission reduction potential and impact on timber production at regional and national scale have not been analysed. To quantify the potential emission reduction, we simulated four management scenarios for Finnish forests: (i) clearcutting of nutrient-rich drained peatlands replaced by selection harvesting (CCF) and (ii) the current prevailing forest management regime (BAU), and both at two harvest levels, namely (i) the mean annual harvesting (2016–2018) and (ii) the maximum sustainable yield. The simulations were conducted with a forest simulator (MELA) coupled with hydrological model (SpaFHy), soil C model (Yasso07) and empirical GHG exchange models. Simulations showed that the management scenario (CCF) that avoided clear-cutting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands produced approximately 1 Tg CO2 eq. higher carbon sinks annually compared to the BAU at equal harvest level for Finland. This emission reduction can be attributed to the maintenance of higher biomass sink and to the mitigation of soil emissions from nutrient-rich drained peatland sites.
Phylogenomic Analysis and Dynamic Evolution of Chloroplast Genomes of Clematis nannophylla
Authors: Qin Jinping , Liu Ying , Wang Yanlong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Clematis nannophylla is a small perennial shrub of Clematis with a high ecological, ornamental, and medicinal value and is distributed in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. In this study, we successfully determined the complete chloroplast genome of C. nannophylla and reconstructed a phylogenetic tree of Clematis.Results The chloroplast genome of C. nannophylla was 159801 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC,79526bp), a small single-copy (SSC,18185bp), and a pair of reverse repeats(IRa and IRb,31045bp). The C. nannophylla cp genome contained 133 unique genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. In addition, 61 codons and 66 simple repeat sequences (SSR) were identified, of which 50 dispersed repeats (including 22 forward, 21 palindromic and 7 reverse) and 24 tandem repeats were found in C. nannophylla. Many of the dispersed and tandem repeats were between 20–30 bp and 10–20 bp, respectively. The chloroplast genome of C. nannophylla was relatively conserved, especially in the IR region, where no inversion or rearrangement was observed. The six regions with the largest variations were trnF-ndhJ, ndhE-ndhG, ndhF-rpl32, ccsA-ndhD, ccsA, and ndhD (Pi > 0.008), which were distributed in the LSCS and SSCs. A comparison of gene selection pressures indicated that purification was the main mode of selection for maintaining important biological functions in the chloroplast genome of C. nannophylla. However, to adapt to the living environment, ycf1 was positively selected (C. nannophylla and C. florida). Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. nannophylla was more closely related to C. fruticosa and C. songorica.Conclusions Our analysis of the C. nannophylla cp genome provides reference data for molecular marker development, phylogenetic analysis, population studies, and chloroplast genome processes, as well as for better exploitation and utilisation of C. nannophylla.
Efficient Sequential Delivery Nanosystem of Betulinic Acid and Celastrol for Inhibition of Tumor- Associated Fibroblast-Induced Resistance and Metastasis
Authors: Li Chunhong , Wang Zhen , Zhang Yifeng , Zhu Yuqing , Xu Maochang , Lei Hui , Zhang Dan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The growth, metastasis and treatment sensitivity of tumors can be strongly influenced by Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) in the microenvironment. Effective cancer therapies may need to target not only the tumor cells directly but also the TAFs that protect them.
Results
We developed and validated a novel drug delivery system consisting of micelles-in-liposomes loaded with the anti-cancer drug betulinic acid and the anti-fibrosis drug celastrol. The folic acid was chosen as targeting ligands to modify the liposomes for target tumor cells. First, the liposomes released celastrol into the extracellular matrix to induce apoptosis of TAFs and thereby reduce the cellular density and collagen content of the matrix. This matrix “loosening” then helped betulinic acid enter tumor cells. The co-loaded nanoformulation proved more effective against tumor growth in mice than formulations with either drug on its own.
Conclusion
Targeting TAFs with celastrol sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapy, increasing the efficacy of betulinic acid. The combination of drugs targeting tumor cells and TAFs may lead to more effective therapies against various cancers.
Supportive care needs among older Mexican adults with metastatic cancer
Authors: Torres-Perez Ana Cristina , Ramos-Lopez Wendy Alicia , Covarrubias-Gómez Alfredo , Sánchez-Roman Sofía , Quiroz-Friedman Paulina , Alcocer-Castillejos Natasha , Milke-García María Del Pilar , Carrillo-Soto Mónica , Morales-Alfaro Andrea , Chavarri-Guerra Yanin , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To compare supportive care needs between older adults with cancer (age ≥ 65 years) and their younger counterparts.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic solid tumors. Supportive care needs were assessed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups (aged ≥ 65/<65 years). Differences in clinical characteristics and supportive care needs were compared utilizing descriptive statistics. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine patient characteristics associated with specific supportive care needs.
Results
Between 2018 and 2022, 375 patients were enrolled. Median age was 66 years (IQR 19–94). At baseline, older adults had a higher number of supportive care needs (4.8 vs. 4.2 p = 0.01), and were at higher risk of malnutrition (75 vs. 65%, p = 0.05). Increasing age (OR 1.02 (95%CI 1.0-1.04, p = 0.03) and an estimated life expectancy < 6 months (OR 3.0, 95%CI 1.5–6.1; p < 0.01) were associated with higher odds of malnutrition, while a higher educational level was associated with decreased odds (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.5–0.8; p < 0.01). At 3-month follow-up, older adults still had a higher number of supportive care needs (3.8vs.2.6, p < 0.01) and were more likely to have fatigue (62 vs. 47%, p = 0.02). An estimated life expectancy < 6 months was associated with increased odds of fatigue (OR 3.0, 95%CI 1.5–6.3; p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Older adults reported significantly more supportive care needs, particularly risk of malnutrition and fatigue. This information can inform the creation of supportive care services tailored for the needs of older individuals.
Combining Color Texture and Shape Features In a Multi-Input Convolutional Neural Network for Efficient Face Recognition In Unconstrained Environments
Authors: Bahroun Sahbi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Developing an effective feature representation for face recognition in an un-constrained environment is still a challenging research field. However, in that environment, face images suffer from several issues that could affect the achieved results such as facial expression, occlusion, low resolution, noise, illumination and pose variation. In this paper, an end-to-end multi-input deep convolu-tional neural network architecture was designed for face recognition. The newly designed CNN structure can take full advantage of multi-modal 2D/3D features extracted from face such as: 3DMM-Mesh LBP image, LBPC image, and the face image itself. Through experiments conducted on the LFW, YTF, Multi-PIE, and Bosphorus databases, the obtained results showed a significant improvement compared to traditional state-of-the-art methods which demonstrated the strength of introducing a multi-input convolutional neural network for face recognition in uncontrolled environments.
Parametric uncertainty propagation of kinematic source models in ground motions at near-fault mountain-valley areas
Authors: Meng Si-bo , Li Wen-xuan , Liu Zhong-xian , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The source uncertainty causes spatial variability of ground motions in mountain-valley sites near the fault. This study aims to analyze how the uncertainty propagation in the source model affects the near-fault and local site effect when there is a mountain-valley site in the near-fault area. This study considers the uncertainty of the asperity intensity and rupture velocity by random variables, and considers the randomness of the position of the asperity and the initial rupture point by setting three rupture scenarios. The impact of the local site on the variability of ground motions is compared, and the correlation between the variability of ground motion and the fault distance and dip angle is discussed. To solve multi-dimensional uncertainty problems, the multiplicative dimensional reduction method (M-DRM) with high accuracy and efficiency is employed, and the physical process of fault rupture to site response is simulated by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The results indicate that M-DRM is applicable to solving ground motions in near-fault complex sites with uncertain parameters. The uncertainty is transmitted with the propagation of seismic waves, and the scattering of seismic waves in mountain-valley sites amplifies this uncertainty. The local site effect increases the frequency band ranges and peak values of velocity pulses, and the uncertainty only affects the values of the velocity pulses. Considering the mean plus once the variance caused by the uncertainty, the maximum value of vertical velocity pulse can be increased by 34%. The variability of ground motion parameters decreases with the increase of fault distance and dip angle. It is necessary to quantify the uncertainty of the sources in ground motion simulation based on physical models.
First distribution record of Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839 in river Tons, a tributary of river Yamuna in Uttarakhand, in morphological and molecular approach
Authors: Panda Soumya Prasad , Nandy Saurav , Kumari Mala , Kunui Arghya , Sahoo Amiya Kumar , Meena Dharmendra Kumar , Bhakta Dibakara , Paul Samir Kumar , DAS BASANTA KUMAR 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The Tons River, one of the significant potential tributaries of the Yamuna, flows through the Uttarakhand region of Garhwal. Fish that prefer cold water habitats often predominate in this river. The natural distribution of Schistura scaturigina McClelland, 1839 (Family: Nemacheilidae) was described (n = 15) from river Tons during the study period of 2019–2021 along with other fish species. For the first time, this species' geographic distribution has now been extended, spreading from hill streams in the Northeast and other regions to new habitats in the Garhwal Himalaya. According to morphometric studies and molecular examination of the mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA, this is the first instance of S. scaturigina being discovered in the Tons River.Methods The Specie (S. scaturigina) was confirmed through a morphological and molecular platform.Results Morphometric measurements and molecular analysis of mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA revealed this to be the first occurrence of S. scaturigina in the Tons River.Conclusion According to the aforementioned study, this is the first extended distribution report for the species S. scaturigina from a new location in the Tons River of Naitwar-Mori, Uttarakhand.
Factors influencing staff attitudes to COVID-19 vaccination in care homes in England: A qualitative study
Authors: Friedrich Bettina , Forbes Gillian , Jhass Arnoupe , Lorencatto Fabiana , Shallcross Laura , Antonopoulou Vivi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background.
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected people living and working in UK care homes causing high mortality rates. Vaccinating staff members and residents is considered the most effective intervention to reduce infection and its transmission rates. However, uptake of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in care homes was variable. We sought to investigate factors influencing uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in care home staff to inform strategies to increase vaccination uptake and inform future preparedness.
Methods.
Twenty care home staff including managerial and administrative staff, nurses, healthcare practitioners and support staff from nine care homes across England participated in semi-structured telephone interviews (March-June 2021) exploring attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and factors influencing uptake. We used thematic analysis to generate themes which were subsequently deductively mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model. The Behavioural Change Wheel (BCW) was used to identify potential intervention strategies to address identified influences.
Results. Enablers to vaccine uptake
included the willingness to protect care home residents, staff and family/friends from infection and the belief that vaccination provided a way back to normality (reflective motivation); convenience of vaccination and access to accurate information (physical opportunity); and a supporting social environment around them favouring vaccination (social opportunity). Barriers included fears about side-effects (automatic motivation); a lack of trust due to the quick release of the vaccine (reflective motivation); and feeling pressurised to accept vaccination if mandatory (automatic motivation).
Conclusions
We identified influences on COVID-19 vaccine uptake by care home staff that can inform the implementation of future vaccination programmes. Strategies likely to support uptake include information campaigns and facilitating communication between staff and managers to openly discuss concerns regarding possible vaccination side effects. Freedom of choice played an important role in the decision to be vaccinated suggesting that the decision to mandate vaccination may have unintended behavioural consequences.