bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False Beliefs and Attitude Are Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Brannen Donald E. , Howell Melissa , Zindani Faryaal , Halderman Allyson 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As of October 2021, Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) volunteers donated over 2 million h to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to understand the value a person places on preventative behavior against the risk of disease. A mixed method, unmatched, prospective case-control study was conducted regarding volunteers’ experience during the pandemic, reasons why these highly trained persons volunteer, what barriers to vaccination they observed, and how they helped others overcome those barriers. The HBM can elucidate the cognitive process to vaccinate. Regression analysis found a person’s attitude (which includes beliefs, peer pressure, preconceptions, unwillingness, and other indicators) is a barrier to vaccination. Service hours increased from 20 to 56 h among volunteers who saw attitude as a barrier to vaccination. Superstition and fear accounted for 99.8% of unvaccinated persons (P < 0.001). Fear was a barrier to protective health behavior. The public health system must do better to build trust as an ongoing endeavor, as even the increased service volunteers provided in response to the observed attitudes, was not enough to stem exponential transmission once the pandemic had begun. Policy-makers and the public health authority should take all necessary steps early in the pandemic to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccination program.
Low carrier volume herbicide trials and UAAS support management efforts of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta): a case study
Authors: Howell Andrew W. , Haug Erika J. , Everman Wesley J. , Leon Ramon G. , Richardson Robert J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExpanding the current aquatic herbicide portfolio, reducing total spray volumes, or remotely delivering herbicide using novel spray technologies could improve management opportunities targeting invasive aquatic plants, where options are more limited. However, research on giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) response to foliar herbicide applications at carrier volumes ≤140 L ha−1 is incomplete. Likewise, no data exist documenting S. molesta control with unoccupied aerial application systems (UAAS). Following the recent >100-ha incursion of S. molesta in Gapway Swamp, NC, a case study was developed to provide guidance for ongoing management efforts. In total, three field trials evaluated registered aquatic and experimental herbicides using a 140 L ha−1 carrier volume. Select foliar applications from UAAS were also evaluated. Results at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) indicated the experimental protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, PPO-699-01 (424 g ai ha−1), in combination with endothall dipotassium salt (2,370 g ae ha−1) provided 78% visual control, whereas control when PPO-699-01 (212 g ai ha−1) was applied alone was lower at 35%. Evaluations also showed diquat (3,136 g ai ha−1) alone, glyphosate (4,539 g ae ha−1) alone, and metsulfuron-methyl (42 g ai ha−1) alone achieved 86% to 94% visual plant control at 8 WAT. Sequential foliar applications of diquat, flumioxazin (210 g ai ha−1), and carfentrazone (67 g ai ha−1) at 6 wk following exposure to in-water fluridone treatments were no longer efficacious by 6 WAT due to plant regrowth. Carfentrazone applications made from a backpack sprayer displayed greater control than applications made with UAAS deploying identical carrier volumes at 2 WAT; however, neither application method provided effective control at 8 WAT. Additional field validation is needed to further guide management direction of S. molesta control using low carrier volume foliar applications.
Association of fructose consumption with prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders manifestations: results from Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS)
Authors: Smiliotopoulos Theodoros , Zampelas Antonis , Houliaras George , Sgouros Spiros N. , Michas George , Bamias George , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Cholopoulos Nikolaos , Chrousos George P. , Roma Eleftheria , Magriplis Emmanuella 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the total prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), and separately, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among adults and to determine their potential association with fructose consumption. Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey were included (3798 adults; 58·9 % females). Information regarding FGID symptomatology was assessed using self-reported physician diagnosis questionnaires the reliability of which were screened using the ROME III, in a sample of the population. Fructose intake was estimated from 24 h recalls, and the MedDiet score was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The prevalence of FGID symptomatology was 20·2 %, while 8·2 % had IBS (representing 40·2 % of total FGID). The likelihood of FGID was 28 % higher (95 %CI: 1·03–1·6) and of IBS 49 % (95 %CI: 1·08–2·05) in individuals with higher fructose intake than with lower intake (3rd tertile compared with 1st). When area of residence was accounted for, individuals residing in the Greek islands had a significantly lower probability of FGID and IBS compared with those residing in Mainland and the main Metropolitan areas, with Islanders also achieving a higher MedDiet score and lower added sugar intake, comparatively to inhabitants of the main metropolitan areas. FGID and IBS symptomatology was most prominent among individuals with higher fructose consumption, and this was most conspicuous in areas with a lower Mediterranean diet adherence, suggesting that the dietary source of fructose rather than total fructose should be examined in relation to FGID.
Gyrodactylus sprostonaeLing, 1962 infects an indigenous cyprinid in southern Africa: An expanded description
Authors: Maduenyane M. , Dos Santos Q.M. , Avenant-Oldewage A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGyrodactylus sprostonaeLing, 1962 is a highly invasive parasite reported across freshwater environments of the northern hemisphere. The taxon was originally described fromCarassius auratus(Linnaeus, 1758) andCyprinus carpioLinnaeus, 1758 in China. This parasite has never been reported in Africa or the southern hemisphere. Recently, this taxon was collected from an indigenous yellowfish,Labeobarbus aeneus(Burchell, 1822), in the Vaal River, South Africa. The present study includes the conclusive identification of the gyrodactylid parasites collected fromL. aeneus, including additional taxonomic data, using microscopy and molecular techniques. Microscopy included light microscopy (LM) of whole worms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of isolated haptoral sclerites. Additionally, morphometric data were obtained from SEM and compared to that generated using LM. For molecular analysis, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified and phylogenetic topologies constructed. The specimens were morphometrically and genetically highly similar to other data forG. sprostonae.Additional point-to-point measurements and ITS rDNA sequences were generated for the taxon, contributing to the morphometric and molecular data forG. sprostonae.The study also includes the first study of the isolated haptoral sclerites of the taxon using SEM, with similar morphometric results to LM. This is the first record ofG. sprostonaein the southern hemisphere and from a new, indigenous African host,L. aeneus, indicating host switching to smallmouth yellowfish. Furthermore, these results expand on the knowledge of the distribution of invasive parasites in South Africa, as well asGyrodactylusspecies diversity in Africa.
The enigmatic genusLoofilaimus(Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Loofilaimidae) revisited 25 years after, with remarkable new insights into its phylogeny
Authors: Peña-Santiago R. , Abolafia J. , Hosseinvand M. , Eskandari A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe evolutionary relationships of the nematode genusLoofilaimusare explored with an integrative approach, combining morphological and molecular (28S-rDNA) data. Never recorded since its original description in 1998, the finding of fresh specimens of its type and only species,L. phialistoma, allowed us to obtain SEM observations and sequencing, both for the first time, resulting in relevant aspects to elucidate its phylogeny. Morphologically, the genus is characterized by two autapomorphies affecting its lip region and pharynx. Molecular study revealed that it represents a very restricted evolutionary trend within Dorylaimida. The clade (Nygolaimina + (Loofilaimus+ Dorylaimina)) is well supported. Loofilaimidae is accepted as a separate and valid family, which should also includeBertzuckermania.
Subspace coverings with multiplicities
Authors: Bishnoi Anurag , Boyadzhiyska Simona , Das Shagnik , Mészáros Tamás 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the problem of determining the minimum number
$f(n,k,d)$
of affine subspaces of codimension
$d$
that are required to cover all points of
$\mathbb{F}_2^n\setminus \{\vec{0}\}$
at least
$k$
times while covering the origin at most
$k - 1$
times. The case
$k=1$
is a classic result of Jamison, which was independently obtained by Brouwer and Schrijver for
$d = 1$
. The value of
$f(n,1,1)$
also follows from a well-known theorem of Alon and Füredi about coverings of finite grids in affine spaces over arbitrary fields. Here we determine the value of this function exactly in various ranges of the parameters. In particular, we prove that for
$k\geq 2^{n-d-1}$
we have
$f(n,k,d)=2^d k-\left\lfloor{\frac{k}{2^{n-d}}}\right\rfloor$
, while for
$n \gt 2^{2^d k-k-d+1}$
we have
$f(n,k,d)=n + 2^d k -d-2$
, and obtain asymptotic results between these two ranges. While previous work in this direction has primarily employed the polynomial method, we prove our results through more direct combinatorial and probabilistic arguments, and also exploit a connection to coding theory.
Mission Possible! Free Access to Case Law and The National Archives
Authors: Hoadley Daniel , Conroy Amy , Nemsic Editha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe National Archives launched a new service called Find Case Law in April of last year. Here Daniel Hoadley, Amy Conroy and Editha Nemsic, of Mishcon de Reya LLP, argue that while this does offer some accessibility and legibility it's perhaps not providing access to the full corpus of law that it could, or even should. Also, on a broader level, they propose that there is a case to be made for access to the law being guaranteed and publicly funded.
Research and Resources for Private Equity Lawyers
Authors: Franssen John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article John Franssen, Head of Research at Travers Smith LLP, gives an overview of what private equity is (including a brief glossary of some key terms), how private equity invests, the type of work lawyers in private practice are involved in and some of the key resources that they need and that are available. This article will also highlight the growing importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and sustainability investment for private equity managers.
Validation of the Mexican version of the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death in patients undergoing palliative care in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Mayoral Oscar , Galindo-Vázquez Oscar , Espinoza-Bello Marcos , Allende-Pérez Silvia , Pascual-Ramos Virginia , Monforte-Royo Cristina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death (SAHD) has emerged as a valid and reliable tool to assess the wish to hasten death (WTHD) among patients diagnosed with advanced cancer; however, the instrument has never been culturally adapted and validated for patients in Mexico. This study sought to validate and abbreviate the SAHD tool for use among patients attending the Palliative Care Service of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico.MethodsThe SAHD was culturally adapted from a previously published validation in patients from Spain. Eligible patients included Spanish literate subjects treated as outpatients in the Palliative Care Service, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–3. Patients were asked to answer the Mexican version of SAHD (SAHD-Mx) instrument and the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale (BEDS).ResultsA total of 225 patients were included in the study. Median positive response in the SAHD-Mx was 2 (range 0–18). Positive correlation was identified between the SAHD-Mx scale and ECOG performance status (r = 0.188, p = 0.005), as well as BEDS (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). SAHD-Mx displayed strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.85) and adequate reliability from test–retest phone interviews (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). Using the confirmatory factor analysis model, a factor was identified and the number of items was reduced to 6, including items 4, 5, 9, 10, 13, and 18.Significance of resultsThe SAHD-Mx emerges as an adequate tool, with appropriate psychometric characteristics, for assessing WTHD among patients diagnosed with cancer undergoing palliative care in Mexico. .
K‐Rich Adakite‐Like Rocks in Central Tibet: Fractional Crystallization of a Hydrous, Alkaline Primitive Melt
Authors: Xu Wei , Weinberg Roberto F. , Tian Shi‐Hong , Hou Zeng‐Qian , Yang Zhu‐Sen , Chen Lu , Lai Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractK‐rich adakite‐like rocks (KARs) in post‐collisional settings, such as in Tibet, have been widely linked with the melting of pre‐existing thickened crust. Here, we investigate geochemical data of the Late Eocene (38–34 Ma) volcanic rocks including KARs from the southern Qiangtang terrane (SQT) of central Tibet. The data reveal that: (a) the volcanic rocks define a fractionation trend from high‐K alkaline basalt to high‐K calc‐alkaline rhyolite, with a continuous compositional range and (b) they are characterized by a narrow range of depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions relative to the pre‐Eocene SQT crust. We contend that the KARs in the SQT resulted from fractional crystallization of hydrous, alkaline melts derived from the lithospheric mantle where fractionation was dominated by amphibole and plagioclase. Partial melting of the lithospheric mantle beneath the SQT was possibly triggered by thermal perturbations owing to the north‐directed subduction of the Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern Tibet.
Upper Ocean Structure Determines the Contrasting Typhoon‐Induced Chlorophyll‐a Responses in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Jiang Y. , Wang Y. , Tian X. , Lin S. , Chen S. , Yu J. , Chai F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe frequent typhoons in the northwest Pacific drive oceanic responses, for example, changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a). A composite analysis shows that SST (Chl‐a) around the typhoon center decreases (increases). The SST begins to decrease 3 days before the typhoon’s arrival and further decreases until 2 days following the typhoon’s passage. The Chl‐a increases rapidly after the typhoon’s arrival, and the maximum value is reached 3 days after the typhoon. Large oceanic responses are often associated with typhoons that have high wind speeds and slow translation speeds. From the perspective of the upper ocean structure, increasing changes in SST are identified with a shallower pre‐typhoon mixed layer depth (MLD). However, a significant dependence of the Chl‐a response on the pre‐typhoon MLD emerges only when the depth of typhoon‐induced mixing is greater than the pre‐typhoon MLD. This study helps to quantitatively describe typhoon‐induced changes with consideration of the determinant oceanic environment.
Mesoscale Convective Systems Modulated by Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Ming , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George , Feng Zhe , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) produce over 50% of tropical precipitation and account for the majority of extreme rainfall and flooding events. MCSs are considered the building blocks of larger‐scale convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). While CCEWs can provide favorable environments for convection, how CCEWs can systematically impact organized convection and thereby MCS characteristics is less clear. We examine this question by analyzing a global MCS tracking data set. During the active phase of CCEWs, MCS frequency increases and MCSs rain harder, produce more lifetime total rain, and grow larger in size. The probability of extreme MCSs also elevates. These changes are most pronounced when MCSs are associated with Kelvin waves and tropical depression‐type waves while less so with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. These results can be benchmarks to improve model representation of MCS interactions with large‐scale circulations and can be leveraged for operational forecasts of high‐impact MCSs at extended lead times.
Cascadia Subduction Zone Fault Heterogeneities From Newly Detected Small Magnitude Earthquakes
Authors: Morton Emily A. , Bilek Susan L. , Rowe Charlotte A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is known to host M9 megathrust ruptures; however, no such event has occurred in historical observation. The distribution and characteristics of small‐ to moderate‐sized earthquakes can be used to determine the behavior of the megathrust fault but are notably absent offshore the CSZ due to the distance from onshore seismometers. We use automated subspace detection coupled with an onshore‐offshore seismic deployment to find small‐magnitude earthquakes in the offshore seismogenic zone and analyze their locations in the context of interseismic locking and seismogenic zone extent. We detected and located 5,282 earthquakes, 4,096 of which had been previously undetected. We find that the downdip extent of the seismogenic zone as defined by interplate seismicity agrees with the 20% locking contour of the Schmalzle et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005172) geodetic model and extends deeper than predicted by previous thermal models. We cannot determine the updip extent of the seismogenic zone; this may be due to a lack of templates for detection in the updip source area, stress shadows updip of asperity loading, and/or strong locking to the trench. We present a map of possible asperities determined by the small earthquakes in this study. Our asperity locations and extents show some, but not complete, agreement with the asperities modeled from the 1700 M9 rupture and geodetic locking models, and good agreement with the paleo‐rupture extents determined from offshore turbidites and forearc basin‐based asperity estimates. This highlights the need of continued offshore observations over time, and to elucidate fine‐scale variation in locking.
Solar Wind Data Assimilation in an Operational Context: Use of Near‐Real‐Time Data and the Forecast Value of an L5 Monitor
Authors: Turner Harriet , Lang Matthew , Owens Mathew , Smith Andy , Riley Pete , Marsh Mike , Gonzi Siegfried 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor accurate and timely space weather forecasting, advanced knowledge of the ambient solar wind is required, both for its direct impact on the magnetosphere and for accurately forecasting the propagation of coronal mass ejections to Earth. Data assimilation (DA) combines model output and observations to form an optimum estimation of reality. Initial experiments with assimilation of in situ solar wind speed observations suggest the potential for significant improvement in the forecast skill of near‐Earth solar wind conditions. However, these experiments have assimilated science‐quality observations, rather than near‐real‐time (NRT) data that would be available to an operational forecast scheme. Here, we assimilate both NRT and science observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and near‐Earth observations from the Advanced Composition Explorer and Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft. We show that solar wind speed forecasts using NRT data are comparable to those based on science‐level data. This suggests that an operational solar wind DA scheme would provide significant forecast improvement, with reduction in the mean absolute error of solar wind speed around 46% over forecasts without DA. With a proposed space weather monitor planned for the L5 Lagrange point, we also quantify the solar wind forecast gain expected from L5 observations alongside existing observations from L1. This is achieved using configurations of the STEREO and L1 spacecraft. There is a 15% improvement for forecast lead times of less than 5 days when observations from L5 are assimilated alongside those from L1, compared to assimilation of L1 observations alone.
Within-subject, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of combining the cannabinoid dronabinol and the opioid hydromorphone in adults with chronic pain
Authors: Campbell Claudia M. , Mun Chung Jung , Hamilton Katrina R. , Bergeria Cecilia L. , Huhn Andrew S. , Speed Traci J. , Vandrey Ryan , Dunn Kelly E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe potential synergistic effects of combining cannabinoids and opioids for analgesia has received considerable attention. No studies to date have evaluated this combination in patients with chronic pain. The present study aimed to evaluate the combined analgesic and drug effects of oral opioid (hydromorphone) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol), as well as their effects on physical and cognitive functioning, and human abuse potential (HAP) outcomes among individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This was a within-subject, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants (N = 37; 65% women; mean age = 62) diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis of ≥3/10 average pain intensity were included. Participants received (1) placebo-placebo, (2) hydromorphone (4 mg)-placebo; (3) dronabinol (10 mg)-placebo, and (4) hydromorphone (4 mg)-dronabinol (10 mg). Clinical and experimentally-induced pain, physical and cognitive function, subjective drug effects, HAP, adverse events, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated. No significant analgesic effects were observed for clinical pain severity or physical functioning across all drug conditions. Little enhancement of hydromorphone analgesia by dronabinol was observed on evoked pain indices. While subjective drug effects and some HAP ratings were increased in the combined drug condition, these were not significantly increased over the dronabinol alone condition. No serious adverse events were reported; hydromorphone produced more mild adverse events than placebo, but hydromorphone + dronabinol produced more moderate adverse events than both placebo and hydromorphone alone. Only hydromorphone impaired cognitive performance. Consistent with laboratory studies on healthy adults, the present study shows minimal benefit of combining dronabinol (10 mg) and hydromorphone (4 mg) for analgesia and improving physical functioning in adults with KOA.