bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green composite aerogel based on citrus peel/chitosan/bentonite for sustainable removal Cu(II) from water matrices
Authors: Nie Jing , Feng Dan , Shang Jiangwei , Nasen Bate , Jiang Tong , Liu Yumeng , Hou Siyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, we propose a green and sustainable 3D porous aerogel based on citrus peel (CP), chitosan (CS), and bentonite (BT). This aerogel is prepared through a simple sol–gel and freeze-drying process and is designed for efficient capture of Cu(II) ions from water matrices. CCBA-2, with its abundance of active binding sites, exhibits an impressive Cu(II) adsorption yield of 861.58 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics follow the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. In the presence of coexisting mixed-metal ions, CCBA-2 demonstrates a significantly higher selectivity coefficient (KdCu = 1138.5) for removing Cu(II) ions compared to other toxic metal ions. Furthermore, the adsorption of Cu(II) ions by CCBA-2 is not significantly affected by coexisting cations/anions, ionic strength, organic matter, or different water matrices. Dynamic fixed-bed column experiments show that the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ions reaches 377.4 mg/g, and the Yoon-Nelson model accurately describes the adsorption process and breakthrough curve. Through experiments, FTIR, and XPS analyses, we propose a reasonable binding mechanism between CCBA-2 and metal cations, involving electrostatic attraction and chemical chelation between Cu(II) and the functional groups of the aerogel. CCBA-2 saturated with Cu(II) ions can be successfully regenerated by elution with 1 M HNO3, with only a slight decrease in adsorption efficiency (5.3%) after 5 adsorption–desorption cycles. Therefore, CCBA-2 offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly material that can be considered as a viable alternative for the green and efficient removal of toxic Cu(II) ions from wastewater.
Shallow and reverse attention network for colon polyp segmentation
Authors: Lee Go-Eun , Cho Jungchan , Choi Sang-II 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolyp segmentation is challenging because the boundary between polyps and mucosa is ambiguous. Several models have considered the use of attention mechanisms to solve this problem. However, these models use only finite information obtained from a single type of attention. We propose a new dual-attention network based on shallow and reverse attention modules for colon polyps segmentation called SRaNet. The shallow attention mechanism removes background noise while emphasizing the locality by focusing on the foreground. In contrast, reverse attention helps distinguish the boundary between polyps and mucous membranes more clearly by focusing on the background. The two attention mechanisms are adaptively fused using a “Softmax Gate”. Combining the two types of attention enables the model to capture complementary foreground and boundary features. Therefore, the proposed model predicts the boundaries of polyps more accurately than other models. We present the results of extensive experiments on polyp benchmarks to show that the proposed method outperforms existing models on both seen and unseen data. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed dual attention module increases the explainability of the model.
Dynamics analysis of a nonlocal diffusion dengue model
Authors: Chang Kangkang , Zhang Zhenyu , Liang Guizhen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the unrestricted movement of humans over a wide area, it is important to understand how individuals move between non-adjacent locations in space. In this research, we introduce a nonlocal diffusion introduce for dengue, which is driven by integral operators. First, we use the semigroup theory and continuously Fréchet differentiable to demonstrate the existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of the solution. Next, the global stability and uniform persistence of the system are proved by analyzing the eigenvalue problem of the nonlocal diffusion term. To achieve this, the Lyapunov function is derived and the comparison principle is applied. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the results of the theorem, and it is revealed that controlling the disease’s spread can be achieved by implementing measures to reduce the transmission of the virus through infected humans and mosquitoes.
Multi-agent learning via gradient ascent activity-based credit assignment
Authors: Sabri Oussama , Lehéricy Luc , Muzy Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the situation in which cooperating agents learn to achieve a common goal based solely on a global return that results from all agents’ behavior. The method proposed is based on taking into account the agents’ activity, which can be any additional information to help solving multi-agent decentralized learning problems. We propose a gradient ascent algorithm and assess its performance on synthetic data.
Cylindrical orifice testing in laminar flow with the orifice diameter ratio β = 0.5
Authors: Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk Anna , Mrowiec Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper presents the results of an experimental study of a cylindrical orifice with the orifice diameter ratioβ = 0.5 and the flow opening length-to-diameter ratioL/d = 1, with hydraulic oil flowing in the DN50 measuring channel. The measurements of the values characterising the oil flow were made in the laminar flow regime, for the Reynolds numbers ranging betweenRe = 100 to 950. Based on the experimental tests, standard flow characteristics were created for four kinematic viscosity values in the range of 13.4–33.3 cSt, for which the average value of the discharge coefficientCin the tested flow rate range ofqv < 0.5 dm3/s was determined.
Biodiesel production and simultaneous treatment of domestic and livestock wastewater using indigenous microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana JD1-1
Authors: Lee Jae-Cheol , Moon Kira , Lee Nakyeong , Ryu Sangdon , Song Seung Hui , Kim Yun Ji , Lee Sung Moon , Kim Hyun-Woo , Joo Jae-Hyoung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, the potential of Chlorella sorokiniana JD1-1 for biodiesel production was evaluated using domestic wastewater (DWW) as a diluent for locally-generated livestock wastewater (LWW). This strategy aimed to provide sustainable wastewater treatment, reduce environmental impacts, enhance cost-effectiveness, and promote biodiesel production. LWW was diluted with tap water and DWW at ratios of 75%, 50%, and 25% (v/v), and the effects on microalgal growth, nutrient removal efficiency, and lipid yield were evaluated. Although the maximum biomass concentration was observed in the artificial growth medium (BG-11) (1170 mg L−1), 75% dilution using tap water (610 mg L−1) and DWW (780 mg L−1) yielded results comparable to the exclusive use of DWW (820 mg L−1), suggesting a potential for substitution. Total nitrogen (TN) removal rates were consistently high under all conditions, particularly in samples with higher concentrations of LWW. Conversely, total phosphorus (TP) concentrations decreased under most conditions, although some displayed large increases. Further studies are necessary to optimize the nutrient balance while maintaining economic feasibility and maximizing biodiesel production.
Development and validation of multivariable quantitative ultrasound for diagnosing hepatic steatosis
Authors: Jeon Sun Kyung , Lee Jeong Min , Cho Soo Jin , Byun Young-Hye , Jee Jae Hwan , Kang Mira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study developed and validated multivariable quantitative ultrasound (QUS) model for diagnosing hepatic steatosis. Retrospective secondary analysis of prospectively collected QUS data was performed. Participants underwent QUS examinations and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF; reference standard). A multivariable regression model for estimating hepatic fat fraction was determined using two QUS parameters from one tertiary hospital (development set). Correlation between QUS-derived estimated fat fraction(USFF) and MRI-PDFF and diagnostic performance of USFF for hepatic steatosis (MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%) were assessed, and validated in an independent data set from the other health screening center(validation set). Development set included 173 participants with suspected NAFLD with 126 (72.8%) having hepatic steatosis; and validation set included 452 health screening participants with 237 (52.4%) having hepatic steatosis. USFF was correlated with MRI-PDFF (Pearson r = 0.799 and 0.824; development and validation set). The model demonstrated high diagnostic performance, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.943 and 0.924 for development and validation set, respectively. Using cutoff of 6.0% from development set, USFF showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 87.8%, 78.6%, 81.9%, and 85.4% for diagnosing hepatic steatosis in validation set. In conclusion, multivariable QUS parameters-derived estimated fat fraction showed high diagnostic performance for detecting hepatic steatosis.
Comparative genomics of Mollicutes-related endobacteria supports a late invasion into Mucoromycota fungi
Authors: Longley Reid , Robinson Aaron , Liber Julian A. , Bryson Abigail E. , Morales Demosthenes P. , LaButti Kurt , Riley Robert , Mondo Stephen J. , Kuo Alan , Yoshinaga Yuko , Daum Chris , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Desirò Alessandro , Chain Patrick S. G. , Bonito Gregory 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiverse members of early-diverging Mucoromycota, including mycorrhizal taxa and soil-associated Mortierellaceae, are known to harbor Mollicutes-related endobacteria (MRE). It has been hypothesized that MRE were acquired by a common ancestor and transmitted vertically. Alternatively, MRE endosymbionts could have invaded after the divergence of Mucoromycota lineages and subsequently spread to new hosts horizontally. To better understand the evolutionary history of MRE symbionts, we generated and analyzed four complete MRE genomes from two Mortierellaceae genera: Linnemannia (MRE-L) and Benniella (MRE-B). These genomes include the smallest known of fungal endosymbionts and showed signals of a tight relationship with hosts including a reduced functional capacity and genes transferred from fungal hosts to MRE. Phylogenetic reconstruction including nine MRE from mycorrhizal fungi revealed that MRE-B genomes are more closely related to MRE from Glomeromycotina than MRE-L from the same host family. We posit that reductions in genome size, GC content, pseudogene content, and repeat content in MRE-L may reflect a longer-term relationship with their fungal hosts. These data indicate Linnemannia and Benniella MRE were likely acquired independently after their fungal hosts diverged from a common ancestor. This work expands upon foundational knowledge on minimal genomes and provides insights into the evolution of bacterial endosymbionts.
The influence of Antarctic governance on marine protected areas in the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement negotiations
Authors: Nocito Emily S. , Brooks Cassandra M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement adopted, the negotiations process left questions related to what would be included in the final text and how the BBNJ Agreement architecture would function. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), an international body, has successfully established high seas marine protected areas (MPAs), a key aspect of the BBNJ Agreement. Here, we investigate if and how CCAMLR has influenced negotiations on the BBNJ Agreement and how it may influence the forthcoming structure. This work used ethnographic notes and documents from the negotiations and interviews with actors who overlapped at both the BBNJ negotiations and the CCAMLR meetings to elucidate themes of influence that CCAMLR has had on the BBNJ negotiations. We found that CCAMLR is influencing the BBNJ negotiations in several ways, including through setting precedent and as an example for lessons learned. Additionally, we found that there was a divergence of views on whether CCAMLR would be considered a competent body by the decision-making mechanism of the BBNJ Agreement to establish MPAs due to the issues CCAMLR faces on reaching consensus. We found that some aspects of CCAMLR, such as the exclusivity (i.e., restricted to only actors working within the CCAMLR space) was perceived negatively by interviewees, thus affecting the BBNJ Agreement negotiations through hidden red lines. With the BBNJ Agreement adopted, there is still the potential for CCAMLR to be an example for the BBNJ structure and to be a participant in the BBNJ Agreement architecture.
Clinical Practice in Childhood Dysarthria: An Online Survey of German-Speaking Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Kuschmann Anja , Schölderle Theresa , Haas Elisabet 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
This survey study aimed to establish current clinical practices of German-speaking speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding their assessment and treatment of communication disorders in children with neurological conditions, with a particular focus on the management of childhood dysarthria.

Method:
A 23-question cross-sectional online survey was disseminated to practicing SLPs in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland via relevant professional bodies. SLPs were invited to provide information on their current assessment and treatment practices. Demographic data including case load and clinical settings were also gathered to contextualize practices.

Results:
One hundred two SLPs responded to the survey, of which 68 valid responses were analyzed. German-speaking SLPs comprehensively assess and treat various aspects of overall communication, language, and swallowing functions in children with neurological conditions. Speech motor aspects did not represent a main intervention focus. In cases where the dysarthric component was targeted, specific approaches for childhood dysarthria were rarely used. Instead, SLPs reported using approaches developed for speech disorders other than dysarthria.

Conclusions:
German-speaking SLPs working with children with neurological conditions use various assessment and treatment methods to support children's communication. However, dysarthria-specific approaches were not an established part of clinical practice. Results of the survey highlight the need for access to relevant developments in German and for evaluation of current curricula for speech-language pathology students and continuing education opportunities for practicing clinicians.
A Know-Brainer: The Power of Cadaver-Based Instruction to Teach Clinical Neuroanatomy
Authors: Pitts Laura L. , Majewski-Schrage Tricia , Schieltz Elizabeth K. , Harpenau Lexi A. , Radunzel Justine 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Learning experiences that incorporate cadaver prosection or dissection of the brain have shown to enhance the acquisition and retention of neuroanatomy and improve standardized examination scores when included within medical curriculum. However, the role of cadaver-based instruction within allied health fields, and particularly in the field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD), remains limited and less understood.

Method:
The effectiveness of a cadaver-based lab compared to lecture to teach neuroanatomy within an undergraduate/postbaccalaureate clinical neuroscience course for CSD majors was explored within a crossover design. Fifty-four participants were stratified by class rank between two initial training sessions: lab-first versus lecture-first. Neuroanatomical knowledge was tested via labeling tasks at baseline, after the first allocated training, and at 1-week follow-up after crossover training had been completed.

Results:

Both cohorts demonstrated significant gains in neuroanatomical knowledge following training, yet after the initial training session, students that received cadaver-based instruction produced a significantly greater number (
p
< .001) and more accurate (
p
< .001) anatomical labels than students that received lecture. After completion of the crossover design, students receiving cadaver-based instruction prior to lecture continued to demonstrate superior labeling accuracy at follow-up testing (
p
= .022).

Conclusions:
Cadaver-based instruction was more effective in improving students' ability to identify neuroanatomy compared to lecture for CSD students. Interestingly, cadaver-based demonstrations were also most effective in bolstering students' retention of structural knowledge when conducted before, instead of after, a lecture. Clinical training programs, specifically student learning outcomes, benefit from cadaver-based instruction that provides both three-dimensional orientation and a deep appreciation of the human elements of clinical anatomy. Furthermore, both the acquisition and retention of anatomical concepts may be enhanced through strategic instructional design, particularly in regard to the order of lecture and lab experiences.
Development of a Sentence Verification Task to Measure Speech Comprehension and Listening Effort in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Patel Tirth R. , Moberly Aaron C. , Tamati Terrin N. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Tests measuring speech comprehension and listening effort for cochlear implant (CI) users may reflect important aspects of real-world speech communication. In this study, we describe the development of a multiple-talker, English-language sentence verification task (SVT) for use in adult CI users to measure speech comprehension and listening effort. We also examine whether talker differences affect speech comprehension and listening effort.

Method:
Thirteen experienced adult CI users participated in the study and underwent testing using a newly developed multiple-talker SVT. Participants were sequentially presented with audio recordings of unique sentences spoken in English by six different talkers. Participants classified each sentence as either true or false. Accuracy of classification and the response time (RT) for correct responses were used as measures of comprehension and listening effort, respectively. The effect of talker on the results was further analyzed.

Results:

All 13 participants successfully completed the SVT. The mean verification accuracy for participants was 87.2% ± 8.8%. The mean RT for correct responses across participants was 1,050 ms ± 391 ms. When stratified by talker, verification accuracy ranged from 83.7% to 95.2% and mean RTs across participant ranged from 786 ms to 1,254 ms. Talker did not have a significant effect on sentence classification accuracy, but it did have a significant effect on RTs (
p
< .001).

Conclusions:
The SVT is an easily implemented test that can assess speech comprehension and listening effort simultaneously. CI users may experience increased effort for comprehending certain talkers' speech, despite showing similar levels of comprehension accuracy.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24126630
Implementation Science in School-Based, Universal-Level Intervention Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gallagher Aoife L. , Murphy Rachel , Eochaidh Ciara Ni , Fitzgerald Johanna , Murphy Carol-Anne , Law James 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to map the use of implementation science frameworks, models, and theories in intervention research targeting learning needs in the classroom.

Method:
A scoping review was conducted. Electronic database and manual searches were conducted. Two reviewers independently completed screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal. Qualitative content analysis was undertaken using Nilsen's taxonomy and the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The data were further analyzed using the CFIR valence and strength rating scales.

Results:

Included papers (
n
= 22) used a diverse sample of implementation science frameworks and models. Most studies used determinant frameworks to guide data collection and analysis. Few studies used implementation science theory. Most studies were mixed methods (
n
= 11), published since 2019 (
n
= 20), and conducted in North America (
n
= 15). Over half of the interventions targeted social, emotional, and mental health (
n
= 13). A complex interplay of inner setting factors was identified as having a strong influence on implementation. Teachers' knowledge and beliefs, adaptability, and complexity of interventions were also identified as important considerations when conducting research in this context.

Conclusions:
Early engagement with stakeholders in education is recommended when designing universal level speech, language, and communication interventions for use in the ordinary classroom. Adaptive, hybrid designs that test both implementation strategies and effectiveness of interventions may be warranted given the influence of inner setting factors on implementation outcomes.
Effects of the Memo-Concentrator on Blood
Authors: Tamari Yehuda , Nelson Roy L. , Levy Ronald S. , Rea-Azzaretto Nancy , Salogub Michele M. , Carolina Clifford C. , Hall Michael H. , Moccio Carmine G. , Tortolani Anthony J. 
Published: September 2023

A high flux, non-traumatic ultrafilter (UF) can be useful for controlling the volume in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. Recently three such devices have been made available. It is the purpose of this work to describe the direct effects of ultrafiltration with one of these devices, the HemoConcentrator, on blood. The effects were determined by calculating the net changes in blood components due to hemoconcentration of pump blood at the end of bypass. The net changes were calculated from measurements taken before and after the concentration process. Samples taken pre and post-transfusion of the concentrated blood to the patient were also compared. The blood volume left in the circuit, 2050 ± 136 cc was concentrated by circulation through the UF and a total of 1083 ± 74 cc of plasma water extracted at a rate of 87 ± 3cc/min. The % net change for glucose, chloride, CO2 , potassium, sodium, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorous approximated the net loss of the plasma water. There were no losses in hemoglobin, albumin, and fibrinogen and only 2.5% losses in white blood cells and 15.3% losses in platelets. There were no changes in the total amount of free plasma hemoglobin or lactate dehydrogenase.
There was a decrease towards normal in prothrombin time from 48 to 34 sec and thrombin time from 7.4 to 2.8 sec. Following transfusion of the ultrafiltered blood there were increases in albumin from 3.5 to 4.2 gr/dl, WBC from 11.4 to 12.9 × 103/ul, RBC from 2.6 to 3.3 × 106/ul, platelets from 150 to 182 × 103 /ul, and fibrinogen from 161 to 216 mg/d. The RBC indices were not altered by the UF or transfusion. Conclusion: The Hemo-Concentrator is an efficient atraumatic UF device.