bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological bound states in the continuum in a non-Hermitian photonic system
Authors: Luo Yihao , Sun Xiankai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Topological insulators and bound states in the continuum represent two fascinating topics in the optical and photonic domain. The exploration of their interconnection and potential applications has emerged as a current research focus. Here, we investigated non-Hermitian photonics based on a parallel cascaded-resonator system, where both direct and indirect coupling between adjacent resonators can be independently manipulated. We observed the emergence of topological Fabry−Pérot bound states in the continuum in this non-Hermitian system, and theoretically validated its robustness. We also observed topological phase transitions and exceptional points in the same system. By elucidating the relationship between topological insulators and bound states in the continuum, this work will enable various applications that harness the advantages of bound states in the continuum, exceptional points, and topology. These applications may include optical delay and storage, highly robust optical devices, high-sensitivity sensing, and chiral mode switching.
Therapeutic potential of CD20/CD3 bispecific antibodies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Huang Hongpeng , Wei Xuetao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise from immune system dysfunction that immune cells mistakenly attack the body’s own tissues, resulting in systemic disorders or localized lesions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Autoreactive B cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases and B cell depletion using anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown to effectively mitigate disease progression in both preclinical and clinical studies. Recently, bispecific antibody (bsAb) targeting CD20/CD3 have demonstrated substantial clinical benefits in the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. Given their similar B cell cytotoxic mechanism, CD20/CD3 bsAb therapy may offer significant improvements in the management of many autoimmune diseases, providing a novel therapeutic option for patients. This concise review aims to summarize recent findings on CD20/CD3 bsAbs and discuss their potential in treating autoimmune diseases.
The beheading of James Foley: a crossing of gazes between East and West
Authors: Miguel-Sáez-de-Urabain Ainara , Fernandez-de-Arroyabe-Olaortua Ainhoa , Zumalde-Arregui Imanol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper analyses “A Message to America,” the 2014 ISIS video that presents the beheading of American photojournalist James Foley. This short film served as a model for the more than 200 graphically violent videos posted online by the terrorist group before the fall of the caliphate in 2019. The main objective of this research is to question the truth-value of violent ISIS videos and to advocate a critical approach to them. To this end, four key issues need to be explored: the quality of the videos; their status as art, documentary, or propaganda; their target audiences; and the purpose of the message being conveyed to each of those audiences. To deconstruct the mechanisms employed by the constructed fallacy of this video and critically expose its literal and metaphorical meaning, we use textual analysis, the methodological tool developed in Greimasian semiotics. The results reveal a carefully planned text with a clearly recognizable narrative structure (crime and punishment). This video is a propaganda documentary that makes use of the tools of fiction to stage a real event: Foley dies, but his death is not shown on camera; it is only staged. Targeting two different audiences, an implicit Muslim viewer, and an explicit Western viewer, the text can be interpreted as a crossing of gazes between East and West.
Frequency Analysis of Ocular Hypertension after Microinvasive Ultrasonic and Traditional Guillotine Vitrectomy 25G
Authors: Aznabaev B. M. , Dibaev T. I. , Dzinter A. S. , Mukhamadeev T. R. , Zagidullina A. Sh. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose. To compare the frequency of ocular hypertension in patients in the early postoperative period after microinvasive ultrasonic and 25G pneumatic guillotine vitrectomy.Patients and methods. The article presents the results of studying intraocular pressure (IOP) and the frequency of postoperative ophthalmohypertension in patients in the early postoperative period after microinvasive ultrasound and pneumatic guillotine 25G vitrectomy. We analyzed the data of 256 patients (256 eyes) — 158 women, 98 men who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for the pathology of the vitreomacular interface, retinal detachment, diabetic proliferative retinopathy, hemophthalmia at the Optimed, Ufa with a follow-up for 1 month. For tamponade, physiological saline, gas-air mixture, silicone oil, sterile air were used, depending on the nature and severity of vitreoretinal pathology. The mean age was 59.2 ± 12.5 years. In the main group, patients were operated with microinvasive ultrasonic vitrectomy 25G (n = 136), in the control group — using pneumatic guillotine vitrectomy 25G (n = 120). Non-contact tonometry (Nidek Tonoref 3, Japan) was performed with a correction according to measurements of the central thickness of the cornea on a reflective microscope with pachymetry function (Tomey, ЕМ-3000, Japan) before surgery and on days 1, 7, and 30 after vitrectomy. Exclusion criteria from the study were: the presence of symptomatic ophthalmohypertension, glaucoma, traumatic injury to the angle of the anterior chamber, immature and mature cataracts, lens luxation. IOP indicators in both groups at different times of the early postoperative period (days 1, 7, 30) did not differ statistically significantly.Results. The frequency of ocular hypertension on day 7 in the main group was 20.6 %, in the control group — 20 %, and on day 30 — 11 % and 10 %, respectively (the difference between the groups was not statistically significant, p > 0.05). The highest IOP values were observed with silicone oil tamponade.Conclusion. The first analysis of the frequency of ocular hypertension in patients after microinvasive ultrasonic vitrectomy 25G did not reveal statistically significant differences with pneumatic guillotine vitrectomy for various types of tamponade.
Study of Influence of Various Methods of Intraoperative Keratoprotection in Phacoemulsification of Senile Cataract on Morphological and Functional State of Ocular Surface Structures in Late Postoperative Period
Authors: Tonkonogiy S. V. , Kolenko О. V. , Vasiliev A. V. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: to study the effect of various methods of intraoperative keratoprotection in phacoemulsification (PE) of senile cataract (SC) on morphological and functional state of the ocular surface structures (OSS) in the late postoperative period.Patients and methods. 240 patients (240 eyes) who applied for surgical treatment of SC. Age: 65 ± 4 years. 109 men, 131 women. All patients were divided into three observation groups according to the method of intraoperative keratoprotection: 1st group — 60 patients, corneal irrigation with balanced solution; 2nd group — 60 patients, ophthalmic viscosurgical device was applied to the cornea; 3rd group: 3a subgroup — 60 patients, soft contact lens (SCL) was applied to the cornea; subgroup 3b — 60 patients, SCL impregnated with riboflavin solution was applied to the cornea. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, Schirmer I test, OCT-scanning were performed, and tear breakup time (TBUT) was determined.Results. The lowest indicator of Schirmer I test was detected in the 1st group a month after the operation. The indicators did not change 2 months after the operation. There were no significant intergroup differences in the final observation period. The TBUT index in all groups decreased. 3 months after the operation, TBUT in the eyes of 3b subgroup was significantly higher in comparison to other groups. The best state of corneal epithelium thickness (CET) occurred in 3a and 3b subgroups. During the epithelium analysis according to OCT-mapping of the cornea, it was noted that the maximum decrease of CET and the number of defects was detected in the 1st and 2nd groups, and the minimum — in 3a and 3b subgroups at all follow-up periods after surgery. There were no significant intergroup differences in preoperative tear osmolarity. 3 months after surgery, tear osmolarity in patients of 3a and 3b subgroups was significantly lower than in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups. OSDI scores in all groups before surgery were comparable. 3 months after the operation, the minimum OSDI values were 3a and 3b in subgroups. Iatrogenic dry eye syndrome (DES) in patients of 3b subgroup was significantly lower than in patients of other groups.Conclusion. In all the studied groups, the standard postoperative dynamics of OSS and TBUT and changes in CET were revealed, with the least variability in 3b subgroup. The use of SCL saturated with riboflavin showed the highest keratoprotective efficacy in PE SC, as it allowed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of DES in patients after PE in SC (p < 0.05) in comparison with other methods. The developed method for predicting iatrogenic DES in patients after PE in SC is highly informative, because the number of patients in the 1st group with DES was within the expected range of error.
Efficacy of Picloxidine and Staphylococcal Bacteriophage in Preoperative Eradication of Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Authors: Bogdanova T. Yu. , Kulikov A. N. , Kraeva L. A. 
Published: January 2025

In view of the current trend — growth of antibiotic resistance, the search for possible alternative methods of preoperative prophylaxis is relevant.The purpose: to assess the impact of different methods of preoperative eradication of Staphylococcus epidermidis (the use of specific bacteriophage and picloxidine in combination with eyelid massage) on conjunctival and aqueous moisture contamination in the course of planned phacoemulsification.Patients and Methods. 44 patients (48 eyes) were examined. Patients in group I underwent eradication with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with eyelid massage, in group II — with picloxidine according to the similar technique, group III was control group. Microbiological material was sampled from the conjunctival cavity before the application of the said methods and after blepharostat placement. Anterior chamber fluid (ACF) was examined at the end of the operation. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF method, sensitivity was determined by drip method.Results. The percentage of S. epidermidis contamination of conjunctiva after blepharostat placement was 25.0 %, 68.8 % and 87.5 % in groups I, II, III, respectively, in the ACF it was found in 0.0 %, 12.5 % and 37.5 % in groups I, II, III, respectively.Conclusion. Preoperative measures for S. epidermidis eradication with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with eyelid massage are significantly more effective than the similar technique with picloxidine and provide a significant reduction of conjunctival sac contamination by 75 %, and also absence of S. epidermidis in the ACF by the time of phacoemulsification completion.
Corneal Reinnervation after Recombinant Form of Nerve Growth Factor Treatment in Patients with Neurotrophic Keratitis
Authors: Taevere M. R. , Maychuk D. Yu. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose. To evaluate corneal reinnervation in patients with neurotrophic keratitis after treatment with a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor (cenegermin) using confocal microscopy.Patients and methods. The results of 4 patients treatment with neurotrophic keratitis of various etiology were analyzed. All patients showed ineffectiveness of reparative and etiotropic therapy for 3 months, therefore, cenegermin was prescribed as pathogenetic treatment. Patients underwent standard and specialised diagnostics. In addition, confocal microscopy of the cornea was performed with subsequent analysis of the density of the subbasal nerve plexus, maximum, minimum and total lengths of the corneal nerves using the ImageJ program. The maximum follow-up period was 12 months.Results. After 8 weeks of treatment, complete epithelialisation and an increase in corneal sensitivity were observed in all patients. Analysis of the confocal scans showed that the maximum density of the subbasal nerve plexus was observed after 8 weeks of treatment. With increasing follow-up, the density of the subbasal nerve plexus increased to a lesser extent and the length of the nerves increased to a greater extent.Conclusion. Treatment with a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor for 8 weeks results in regeneration and significant increase of the subbasal nerve plexus density. With the increase of follow-up period corneal reinnervation continues due to elongation of nerve fibers.
Comparative Characteristics of Corneal Confocal Microscopy after UV-A Cross-linking with Different Riboflavin Solutions in Experiment
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Khalimov A. R. , Usubov E. L. , Zainutdinova G. Kh. , Valishin I. D. , Gilemzyanova L. I. 
Published: January 2025

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) has become the most common way of managing keratectasia. To date, the Dresden protocol (G. Wollensak et al., 2003) has acquired many modifications, in which the composition of the applied agents or modes of CXL procedure have been changed. This article presents the results of studying morphological changes of rabbit cornea in vivo after CXL using riboflavin solutions of different composition.Purpose: compare the effect of CXL on the corneal morphological structure in experimental animals by confocal microscopy using riboflavin with saline, dextran and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.Material and methods. The study was performed on 20 eyes of 15 rabbits, which underwent standard (Epi-Off) CXL with 0.1 % riboflavin in 3 groups: in the first group saline was used as a base, in the second group — 20 % dextran, in the third — 1.0 % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Corneal irradiation mode: 3 mW/cm2, 30 minutes, wavelength 370 nm. The corneal condition was evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days after CXL. Biomicroscopy and confocal microscopy were performed in all animals using Heidelberg Retinal Tomographer HRT-III (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Keratocyte density was counted at the depth of 120–160 μm in the central zone on the area of 1 mm2. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Statistica 6.1 and Excel 2010 programmes.Results. In vivo biomicroscopy and confocal microscopy of the rabbit corneas showed postoperative changes in the epithelium and stroma after CXL. In all groups, 7 days after CXL, there was a decrease in keratocyte density, due to apoptosis, observed predominantly in the anterior layers of the stroma. The number of keratocytes after CXL in group 1 was 192.5 ± 29.8 cells/mm2, in group 2 — 227.4 ± 38.2 cells/mm2, in group 3 — 204.4 ± 32.6 cells/mm2 against intact control 352.8 ± 35.2 cells/mm2. There was not statistically significant difference between the groups.Conclusion. The results of lifetime confocal microscopy of the rabbit cornea demonstrated similar morphological changes in the early postoperative period, which were accompanied by the loss of subepithelial nerve fibres, development of lacunar edema, apoptosis of keratocytes with a decrease in their density mainly in the anterior and middle layers of the stroma. The beginning of keratocyte repopulation and nerve fibre regeneration was observed on the 30th day after CXL. No signs of endothelium damage were detected. A comparative assessment of the greatest effectiveness of CXL techniques with 0.1% riboflavin in saline, dextran or HPMC can be given on the basis of larger-scale experimental and clinical studies.
Prevention of Fibrous Changes in the Model of Ophthalmosurgical Trauma in the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Nikitin V. N. , Ivanov D. I. , Obodov A. V. , Trunov A. N. 
Published: January 2025

The process of fibrosis in the area of newly formed outflow tracts during surgical treatment of glaucoma leads to a decrease in efficiency. Today, various approaches are used to reduce postoperative scarring. In some cases, the use of certain methods, as well as their combinations, does not bring the expected result. It is proposed to evaluate the antifibrotic effect of adipose tissue autograft in an experiment. This study considers an experimental model for preventing fibrotic changes in surgical trauma during glaucoma treatment.Objective: Development of a model and experimental clinical and morphological substantiation of the antifibrotic effect of adipose tissue autografting in the area of surgical trauma during glaucoma treatment.Material and methods. The studies were conducted on 10 eyes of laboratory animals (5 mature rabbits). The animals underwent surgery according to the volume of traumatic impact corresponding to non-penetrating surgery. Two groups were identified: the main group — 5 eyes (the left eye of the animal) surgically treated with the introduction of a fraction of adipose tissue into the surgical area, the comparison group — 5 eyes (the right eye of the animal) without autotransplantation of adipose tissue. The observation period was 1 month. During biomicroscopy on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 30 after the intervention, the characteristics of the surgical area were assessed according to the Würzburg Clinical and Morphological Classification (WBCS). After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, histological comparison of the tissue areas of the surgical areas was performed.Results. Comparison of the total index of the Würzburg Clinical and Morphological Classification shows that starting from the 5th day after the intervention, there is a clear distinctive dynamic between the study groups. In the group with the introduction of adipose tissue, there was minimal vascularization of the surgical area, with the original height and width of the formed cushion maintained throughout the observation period. Histological comparison confirms the absence of signs of formation of scar connective tissue in the area of operation in rabbits with autotransplantation of adipose tissue, while in the comparison group rabbits there is a pronounced tendency to scarring.Conclusions. The experimental model demonstrates the possibility of autotransplantation of adipose tissue into the sub-Tenon space in surgical treatment of glaucoma. The justification for the antifibrotic effect is obtained based on the obtained clinical and morphological data.
Clinical Aspects of Ophthalmological Examination of the Population Exposed to Chronic Radiation Exposure in the South Urals (2021–2023)
Authors: Mikryukova L. D. 
Published: January 2025

This work is devoted to clarification of the peculiarities of ocular pathology in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure and based on the long-term experience of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM) in monitoring the health of the population and assessing the long-term consequences of exposure of the population of the Southern Urals. The population of the affected territories was exposed due to the discharge of radioactive waste into the Techa River by the Mayak PA and the explosion of a tank with high-level liquid waste in 1957. The objective of the study was to perform a descriptive analysis of the ocular pathology in exposed patients based on in-depth examination during 2021–2023.Methods. The study included patients from the URCRM registry of exposed patients, examined by an ophthalmologist during 2021–2023 (1288 people in total). A single method of in-depth ophthalmological examination with photofixation of lens opacities was applied to all examined patients.Results. According to the results of the survey, the most frequent pathology among ophthalmological diseases in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure is vascular pathology, refractive pathology. The incidence of cataract increases with age and is 100 % in the oldest age group. The number of cataract cases is higher in women, and the age distribution of cases is approximately the same in men and women. Based on the results of ophthalmological examination with consideration of layer-by-layer changes in the lens, the most common changes in the lens begin with cortical opacities. At the age of 70 and older, changes in the crystalline lens affect all layers and become more uniform Changes in the nucleus and posterior capsule of the lens progress as patients age.Conclusion. The performed work may have a good potential to use future research results for the assessment of radiation protection standards for the public.
Duration of labour and severity of postpartum haemorrhage: a case-control study
Authors: Yerramilli Subhashini , Fatima Sana , Surapaneni Tarakeswari 
Published: January 2025

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing significantly to adverse maternal outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to compare the duration of labour in women with and without PPH and among women having PPH with and without risk factors. Also to determine the gradient effect of duration of labour on severe PPH and maternal consequences of PPH.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the department of obstetrics, Fernandez hospital, Hyderabad. The required sample size was 197 cases and 397 controls (1:2 ratio) within 8 months duration.
Results: The mean age of the cases and controls were 28±3.66 and 28±3.91 years, respectively. Anaemia was more prevalent among cases (10.15%) than controls (4.03%), with a p=0.001. Hypertension was more common in controls (16.1%) than in cases (9.1%), with a p=0.02. The mode of conception differed significantly, with assisted conception being more prevalent among cases (7.6%) compared to controls (3.8%) (p=0.04). The duration of various labour stages was significantly longer in cases than in controls. Intrapartum fever was significantly higher in cases (37.06%) compared to controls (15.37%), (p≤0.001).
Conclusions: The study results indicate that longer durations of labour, the need for oxytocin augmentation, and specific maternal characteristics such as anaemia and mode of conception are significant predictors of PPH. The gradient effect of labour duration on the risk of PPH suggests that monitoring labour progression and timely intervention are crucial in preventing severe haemorrhage.