bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the performance of currently used estimated glomerular filtration rate equations with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance: sample analysis of randomised controlled trial participants
Authors: Hwang Jin Ho , Oh Sohee , Chin Ho Jun , Kim Sejoong , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Suhnggwon , Park Jung Hwan , Shin Sung Joon , Lee Sang-Ho , Choi Bum Soon , Lim Chun Soo 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThere are several equations for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and each method has its limitations. We compared various estimated GFR (eGFR) equations with 24 hours urine creatinine clearance (24u-CCr).DesignSample analysis of randomised controlled trial participants.Setting and participantsWe compared the mean 24u-CCr values measured 2–3 times for 211 patients with eGFR values calculated using the following equations: isotope dilution mass spectrometry-Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (IDMS-MDRD) equation, Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, equations for Koreans (KOR-IDMS-MDRD and KOR-CKD-EPI) and full age spectrum equation.Outcome measuresPerformance of various creatinine-based eGFR equations, including those with Korean coefficients, compared with the results of the 24u-CCr.ResultsIDMS-MDRD showed the best overall correlation with the 24u-CCr (R=0.949, p<0.001), and KOR-CKD-EPI showed the best agreement in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 0.969, 95% CI 0.959 to 0.976, p<0.001). In subgroup analysis, IDMS-MDRD-GFR showed the highest ICCs in CKD stages 1 and 3 (ICC 0.872 in stage 1 and 0.927 in CKD stage 3, all p<0.001). KOR-CKD-EPI showed the highest ICC in CKD stage 2 (ICC 0.854, p<0.001). Overall, the accuracy of CKD-EPI (2021) was the highest at P15 (15%) and P30 (30%) (P15: 65.4 and P30: 97.6). In addition, CKD-EPI (2021) showed the highest P30 accuracy in CKD stage 1 (98.7), whereas KOR-IDMS-MDRD showed the highest P30 accuracy in CKD stages 2 and 3 (98.8 and 98.2, respectively).ConclusionsThe IDMS-MDRD equation showed the best correlation and overall good agreement with the 24u-CCr; however, the accuracy was low. The most accurate measurements were obtained using the CKD-EPI (2021) equation in CKD stage 1 and the KOR-IDMS-MDRD equation in CKD stages 2–3; nevertheless, the CKD-EPI (2021) equation showed the best overall accuracy.Trial registration numberNCT01552954.
Senior nursing student’s confidence in learnt competencies and perceptions of patient safety competency: a multisite cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghasempour Mostafa , Ghahramanian Akram , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Valizadeh Leila , Onyeka Tonia C , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveNursing students’ attainment of patient safety (PS) competency has always been a global concern among health and educational organisations. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine senior nursing students’ confidence of their PS competencies, and associated predictive factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFour faculties from the nursing faculties of East Azerbaijan province.Participants253 senior nursing students in Iran.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing the modified version of the Health Professional Education Patient Safety Survey, data related to the level of confidence of nursing students in acquired competencies in seven sociocultural dimensions of PS in classroom learning and clinical settings were collected. In addition, the predictors of the patient’s safety competencies were identified by linear regression statistics.ResultsMean scores of all dimensions of PS competencies both in the classroom and in clinical settings were higher than 3.11 (out of 5). The nursing students were most confident in their learning of ‘understanding human and environmental factors’ in the classroom and the clinical setting. Nursing students displayed the least confidence in learning ‘work in teams with other health professionals’ in both the classroom and the clinical settings. Type of university, prior experience with PS competencies education, and coverage of PS competency issues in the curriculum predicted the students’ perceived competency scores in the classroom (R2=0.53, p<0.001). Also, perceived competence in the clinical settings was predicted by the variables of reporting errors to personnel and peers and the type of university (R2=0.65, p<0.001).ConclusionStudy findings emphasise the role of learning environments and educational experiences of nursing students especially the clinical environment, clinical instructors and the hidden curriculum in improving safety competence. Nursing educators can use this information to revise and develop the undergraduate nursing curriculum, paying close attention to lesson plans and content in relation to teaching safety issues.
Cannabinol (CBN; 30 and 300 mg) effects on sleep and next-day function in insomnia disorder (‘CUPID’ study): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, three-arm, proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Lavender Isobel , McCartney Danielle , Marshall Nathaniel , Suraev Anastasia , Irwin Chris , D'Rozario Angela L , Gordon Christopher J , Saini Bandana , Grunstein Ronald R , Yee Brendon , McGregor Iain , Hoyos Camilla M 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveInsomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, with few effective pharmacotherapies. Anecdotal reports and recent preclinical research suggest that cannabinol (CBN), a constituent ofCannabis sativaderived from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, could be an effective treatment. Despite this, the isolated effects of CBN on sleep have yet to be systematically studied in humans.MethodsThe present protocol paper describes a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, three-arm, cross-over, proof-of-concept study which investigates the effects of CBN on sleep and next-day function in 20 participants with clinician-diagnosed insomnia disorder and an Insomnia Severity Index Score ≥15. Participants receive a single fixed oral liquid dose of 30 mg CBN, 300 mg CBN and matched placebo, in random order on three treatment nights; each separated by a 2-week wash-out period. Participants undergo overnight sleep assessment using in-laboratory polysomnography and next-day neurobehavioural function tests. The primary outcome is wake after sleep onset minutes. Secondary outcomes include changes to traditional sleep staging, sleep-onset latency and absolute spectral power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Tertiary outcomes include changes to sleep spindles during NREM sleep, arousal indices, absolute spectral power during REM sleep and subjective sleep quality. Safety-related and exploratory outcomes include changes to next-day simulated driving performance, subjective mood and drug effects, postural sway, alertness and reaction time, overnight memory consolidation, pre and post-sleep subjective and objective sleepiness; and plasma, urinary, and salivary cannabinoid concentrations. The study will provide novel preliminary data on CBN efficacy and safety in insomnia disorder, which will inform larger clinical trials.Ethics and disseminationHuman Research Ethics Committee approval has been granted by Bellberry (2021-08-907). Study findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at academic conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05344170.
Youth’s exposure to and engagement with e-cigarette marketing on social media: a UK focus group study
Authors: Smith Marissa J , Hilton Shona 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveElectronic-cigarettes (e-cigarette) are promoted creatively through social media and considering the potential influence of social media marketing on young people, we explored young people’s exposure to and engagement with social media marketing of e-cigarettes.DesignSemistructured discussion groups.SubjectsTwenty focus groups with 82 young people aged 11–16 living in the Central belt of Scotland.MethodsYouths were asked about smoking and vaping behaviours, social media use, vaping advertisement exposure and were shown illustrative examples of social media content (eg, images and videos) about different messages, presentations and contextual features. Transcripts were imported into NVivo V.12, coded thematically and analysed.ResultsYouths highlighted a variety of tactics e-cigarette companies use, including influencer or celebrity endorsement, attractive youth flavours, bright colours and emotional appeal to advertise and promote their products directly to young people. Social media influencers who advertise e-cigarettes were described as portraying e-cigarettes as ‘cool’ and ‘fashionable’ to entice viewers to try the products. Youths considered that there is a need for more restrictions on social media content to protect youths while also still allowing smokers to purchase them as a cessation device.ConclusionsOur study highlights that the e-cigarette industry is using previously employed tactics similar to the tobacco industry to advertise and promote its products on social media. These findings suggest the growing need for governments to work together to develop and implement policies to restrict the advertising and marketing of e-cigarettes on social media.
Behavioural and biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in Cabo Verde: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2007 and 2020 national community-based surveys
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to estimate trends in the prevalence and associated factors of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adults from 2007 to 2020 in Cabo Verde.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative samples of adult population in Cabo Verde from the 2007 and 2020 STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) surveys.ParticipantsThe sample included 1760 adults in 2007 and 3721 in 2020.Outcome measuresIncluded fruit/vegetable consumption, low physical activity, sedentary behaviour, current tobacco use, hazardous alcohol use, diabetes, total elevated cholesterol, hypertension and overweight/obesity. Logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic factors were applied to estimate predictors of each of the nine NCD risk factors.ResultsCompared with participants in the study year 2007, participants in the study year 2020 had a significantly higher prevalence of low physical activity (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.21, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.25) and overweight/obesity (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.23) and significantly lower rate of hypertension (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.93). Low physical activity (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.10), overweight/obesity (AOR: 2.59, 95% CI: 2.10 to 3.20), current tobacco use (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.75), hypertension (AOR: 5.45, 95% CI: 4.24 to 7.00), diabetes (AOR: 8.40, 95% CI: 4.65 to 15.18) and elevated total cholesterol (AOR: 4.58, 95% CI: 2.83 to 7.39) were more common among the 50–64-year-olds. Being male increased the odds of current tobacco use (AOR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.75 to 4.81) and hazardous alcohol use (AOR: 4.79, 95% CI: 3.15 to 7.27), and decreased the odds of low physical activity (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.58) and overweight/obesity (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.56).ConclusionsOf the nine NCD risk factors evaluated from 2007 to 2020 in Cabo Verde, two increased (overweight/obesity and low physical activity) and one decreased (hypertension). Several associated variables were identified for each individual NCD risk factor that can help in guiding interventions.
Linking emergency care and police department data to strengthen timely information on violence-related paediatric injuries
Authors: Hernandez-Meier Jennifer , Xu Zengwang , Kohlbeck Sara A , Levas Michael , Shepherd Jonathan , Hargarten Stephen 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundCombined ED and police department (PD) data have improved violence surveillance in the UK, enabling significantly improved prevention. We sought to determine if the addition of emergency medical service (EMS) data to ED data would contribute meaningful information on violence-related paediatric injuries beyond PD record data in a US city.MethodsCross-sectional data on self-reported violence-related injuries of youth treated in the ED between January 2015 and September 2016 were combined with incidents classified by EMS as intentional interpersonal violence and incidents in which the PD responded to a youth injury from a simple or aggravated assault, robbery or sexual offence. Nearest neighbour hierarchical spatial clustering detected areas in which 10 or more incidents occurred during this period (hotspots), with the radii of the area being 1000, 1500, 2000 and 3000 ft. Overlap of PD incidents within ED&EMS hotspots (and vice versa) was calculated and Spearman’s r tested statistical associations between the data sets, or ED&EMS contribution to PD violence information.ResultsThere were 935 unique ED&EMS records (ED=381; EMS=554). Of these, 877 (94%) were not in PD records. In large hotspots >2000 ft, ED&EMS records identified one additional incident for every three in the PD database. ED and EMS provided significant numbers of incidents not reported to PD. Significant correlations of ED&EMS incidents in PD hotspots imply that the ED&EMS incidents are as pervasive across the city as that reported by PD. In addition, ED and EMS provided unique violence information, as ED&EMS hotspots never included a majority (>50%) of PD records. Most (676/877; 77%) incidents unique to ED&EMS records were within 1000 ft of a school or park.ConclusionsMany violence locations in ED and EMS data were not present in PD records. A combined PD, ED and EMS database resulted in new knowledge of the geospatial distribution of violence-related paediatric injuries and can be used for data-informed and targeted prevention of violence in which children are injured—especially in and around schools and parks.
Safety and efficacy of tailored antiplatelet therapy using prasugrel or ticagrelor based on clopidogrel responsiveness in endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jang Kyoung Min , Jang Ju Sung , Choi Hyunho , Cho Young Dae 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundClopidogrel (CPG)-based dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in combination with aspirin has been widely used before endovascular procedures for intracranial aneurysms to prevent procedural thromboembolic complication (TEC). However, the main drawback of CPG is the high proportion of hyporesponders. This study sought to investigate the usefulness of tailored DAPT using novel P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel or ticagrelor, (PSG/TCG)) guided by a platelet reactivity test (PRT), compared with CPG-based conventional DAPT.MethodData were extracted from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by two independent reviewers. A random effects model was used to investigate the procedural TEC and hemorrhagic complications (HEC) of the tailored DAPT and conventional therapy by risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses to directly compare prasugrel/ticagrelor with CPG.ResultsSix studies comprising 2557 patients were included in the analysis. Compared with conventional non-tailored therapy, PRT-guided tailored DAPT with PSG/TCG was associated with a lower risk of TEC (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.74, P=0.004) without increasing HEC rates. The subgroup analysis showed that the switch to PSG/TCG in CPG hyporesponders was related to a lower incidence of TEC (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.95, P=0.03) without a difference in HEC, compared with maintenance of CPG in CPG responders.ConclusionEvidence from this analysis supports PRT-guided tailored DAPT (using PSG/TCG) as a better choice for preparation towards endovascular procedures to treat aneurysms. Furthermore, it suggests that PSG/TCG is not limited to the role of a substitute for CPG but may be a first-line agent for DAPT.
Qualified and motivated, but limited by specialty-specific barriers: a national survey of UK Palliative Medicine consultants research experience
Authors: Wakefield Donna , Ta Yinting , Dewhurst Felicity , Hussain Jamilla , Chamberlain Charlotte , Etkind Simon 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesProviding high-quality safe palliative care requires high-quality clinically driven research. Little is known about how to optimise clinical research capacity in this field.To understand interest and capacity to conduct clinical research in palliative medicine and identify key facilitators and barriers, by surveying palliative medicine consultants and academic trainees.MethodsNational online survey exploring experience in conducting research, including facilitators and barriers. Sent to all current UK palliative medicine consultants, and previous/current academic trainees. Descriptive statistics are reported with framework analysis of free text responses.Results195 surveys were submitted including 15 respondents with Integrated Academic Training (IAT) experience. 78% (n=140/180) of consultants were interested in conducting research. Despite this enthusiasm, 83% had no allocated time within their job plan. 88% of those who undertook IAT would recommend IAT, but 60% reported difficulty transitioning from academic trainee to research active consultant.Barriers to research included; insufficient research culture and integration, with small teams working in a mixture of National Health Service (NHS) and non-NHS settings, leading to isolated, silo working. Even those who had undertaken IAT, felt a ‘cliff edge’ in opportunities after completing IAT. Filling service gaps was routinely prioritised over research activity.ConclusionPalliative medicine consultants, including those who have completed academic training want to conduct research but overwhelming barriers limit activity. A palliative care-specific strategy that permeates different palliative care settings, promotes interspecialty collaboration and improves the current infrastructure for palliative care research to maximise gains from IAT and embed a research culture are suggested.
MGMT Promoter Methylation Predicts Overall Survival after Chemotherapy for 1p/19q-Codeleted Gliomas
Authors: Kinslow Connor J. , Rae Ali I. , Taparra Kekoa , Kumar Prashanth , Siegelin Markus D. , Grinband Jack , Gill Brian J.A. , McKhann Guy M. , Sisti Michael B. , Bruce Jeffrey N. , Canoll Peter D. , Iwamoto Fabio M. , Horowitz David P. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Neugut Alfred I. , Yu James B. , Cheng Simon K. , Wang Tony J.C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
While MGMT promoter methylation (mMGMT) is predictive of response to alkylating chemotherapy and guides treatment decisions in glioblastoma, its role in grade 2 and 3 glioma remains unclear. Recent data suggest that mMGMT is prognostic of progression-free survival in 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, but an effect on overall survival (OS) has not been demonstrated.

Experimental Design:
We identified patients with newly diagnosed 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas and known MGMT promoter status in the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the effect of mMGMT on OS after adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidity, grade, extent of resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Results:
We identified 1,297 eligible patients, 938 (72.3%) of whom received chemotherapy in their initial course of treatment. The MGMT promoter was methylated in 1,009 (77.8%) patients. Unmethylated MGMT (uMGMT) was associated with worse survival compared with mMGMT [70% {95% confidence interval (CI), 64%–77%} vs. 81% (95% CI, 78%–85%); P &lt; 0.001; adjusted HR (aHR), 2.35 (95% CI, 1.77–3.14)]. uMGMT was associated with worse survival in patients who received chemotherapy [63% (95% CI, 55–73%) vs. 80% (95% CI, 76%–84%); P &lt; 0.001; aHR, 2.61 (95% CI, 1.89–3.60)] but not in patients who did not receive chemotherapy [P = 0.38; HR, 1.31 (95% CI, 0.71–2.42)]. Similar results were observed regardless of World Health Organization grade and after single- or multiagent chemotherapy.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates an association between mMGMT and OS in 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas. MGMT promoter status should be considered as a stratification factor in future clinical trials of 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas that use OS as an endpoint.
Plasma Serotonin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Edmonston Daniel , Isakova Tamara , Wolf Myles , Appel Lawrence J. , Chen Jing , Feldman Harold I. , Cohen Debbie L. , Go Alan S. , Lash James P. , Nelson Robert G. , Rahman Mahboob , Rao Panduranga S. , Shah Vallabh O. , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Platelet‐poor plasma serotonin levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although plasma serotonin levels increase in chronic kidney disease, the cardiovascular implications remain unknown.

Methods and Results
In 1114 participants from the prospective CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study, we evaluated the association between plasma serotonin, categorized as undetectable, intermediate, and high (≥20 ng/mL) levels, and cross‐sectional findings on echocardiography, including left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular ejection fraction, and pulmonary hypertension. We also analyzed whether serotonin was associated with time‐to‐event cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure hospitalization and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events, in addition to mortality. Because selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors decrease plasma serotonin levels, we specifically evaluated the influence of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use in the relationship between serotonin and outcomes. Plasma serotonin level inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and directly correlated with blood pressure. High plasma serotonin was associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (adjusted odds ratio, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.11–7.41]). In contrast, undetectable plasma serotonin level was associated with the highest risk of heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.26 [95% CI, 1.40–3.66]) and ASCVD events (adjusted HR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.15–3.32]).

Conclusions
In a large chronic kidney disease cohort, plasma serotonin levels correlated with blood pressure, and elevated serotonin levels were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. In contrast, undetectable plasma serotonin was associated with the highest risk of heart failure and ASCVD events.