bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction kinetics studies for phenol degradation under the impact of different gas bubbles and pH using gas–liquid discharge plasma
Authors: El-Tayeb A. , Okumura Takamasa , Attri Pankaj , Kamataki Kunihiro , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A gas–liquid discharge plasma (GLDP) reactor is used to degrade organic pollutants such as phenol. GLDP contains a 7-pin plate system used to enhance phenol degradation in the presence of various pH, and gas bubbles produced from air, O2, O3, CO2, and Ar gases. Experimental outcomes show the impact of solution pH, as phenol degradation efficiencies of 85%, 90%, 96%, and 98% were obtained for pH of 12, 9, 3, and 1, respectively, after 60 min of treatment. This shows that the optimum pH for phenol degradation lies between 1 and 3. Moreover, we explored the influence of gas bubbles generated using various gases, such as air, O2, O3, CO2, and Ar, on phenol degradation. In the presence of O3 gas bubbles, the rate and degree of phenol degradation were significantly increased compared to gas bubbles produced from other gases (O2, CO2, Ar, and air). The degradation competence of phenol by added oxygen remained higher than argon. The performance of the GLDP system at various pH values and gas bubbles was evaluated using kinetic models. Pseudo-zero, first and second reaction kinetics models were used to examine the degradation of phenol. The rate of degradation at different pH and in the presence of gas bubbles follows pseudo-zero-order kinetics. Our GLDP reactor consumed energy of 127.5 J l−1 for phenol degradation under the influence of air bubbles and pH 5. The outcome of this research can help in the design of new reactors for industrial wastewater treatment.
InGaN monolithic full-color light-emitting diode developed by selective removal of active layers in a single p–n junction
Authors: Goshonoo Koichi , Okuno Koji , Ohya Masaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a monolithic InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) that emits red, green, and blue (RGB) light. The proposed LED has a simple structure with stacking RGB light-emitting layers on n-GaN, wherein unnecessary layers were removed based on the desired emission color and stacking p-GaN layer. The electroluminescence characteristics of the LED indicated that the peak wavelengths at 20 mA are R: 632.9 nm, G: 519.0 nm, and B: 449.5 nm, and the external quantum efficiencies are R: 0.28%, G: 8.3%, and B: 0.84%. This structure can be manufactured using only semiconductor processes, thus rendering smaller and higher-resolution microdisplays possible.
Peculiar Spectral Evolution of the Type I Supernova 2019eix: A Possible Double Detonation from a Helium Shell on a Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarf
Authors: Padilla Gonzalez E. , Howell D. Andrew , Burke J. , Dong 董 Yize 一泽 , Hiramatsu D. , McCully C. , Pellegrino C. , Kerzendorf W. , Modjaz M. , Terreran G. , Williamson M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present photometric and spectroscopic data for the nearby Type I supernova (SN Ia) 2019eix (originally classified as an SN Ic), from the day of its discovery up to 100 days after maximum brightness. Before maximum light, SN 2019eix resembles a typical SN Ic, albeit lacking the usual O i feature. Its light curve is similar to the typical SN Ic with decline rates (ΔM
15,V
= 0.84) and absolute magnitude M

V
= −18.35. However, after maximum light, this SN has unusual spectroscopic features, a large degree of line blending, significant line blanketing in the blue (λ < 5000 Å), and strong Ca ii absorption features during and after peak brightness. These unusual spectral features are similar to models of subluminous thermonuclear explosions, specifically double-detonation models of SNe Ia. Photometrically, SN 2019eix appears to be somewhat brighter with slower decline rates than other double-detonation candidates. We modeled the spectra using the radiative-transfer code TARDIS using SN 1994I (an SN Ic) as a base model to see whether we could reproduce the unusual features of SN 2019eix and found them to be consistent with the exception of the O i feature. We also compared SN 2019eix with double-detonation models and found them to best match the observations of SN 2019eix, but failed to reproduce its full photometric and spectroscopic evolution.
FacetClumps: A Facet-based Molecular Clump Detection Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Yu , Chen Zhiwei , Zheng Sheng , Jiang Zhibo , Huang Yao , Zeng Shuguang , Zeng Xiangyun , Luo Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of molecular clumps is essential for investigating star formation. We present an algorithm for molecular clump detection, called FacetClumps. This algorithm uses a morphological approach to extract signal regions from the original data. The Gaussian facet model is employed to fit the signal regions, which enhances the resistance to noise and the stability of the algorithm in diverse overlapping areas. The introduction of the extremum determination theorem of multivariate functions offers theoretical guidance for automatically locating clump centers. To guarantee that each clump is continuous, the signal regions are segmented into local regions based on gradient, and then the local regions are clustered into the clump centers based on connectivity and minimum distance to identify the regional information of each clump. The experiments conducted with both simulated and synthetic data demonstrate that FacetClumps exhibits great recall and precision rates, small location error and flux loss, and a high consistency between the region of detected clump and that of simulated clump, and the experiments demonstrate that FacetClumps is generally stable in various environments. Notably, the recall rate of FacetClumps in the synthetic data, which comprises 13CO (J = 1−0) emission line of the MWISP within 11.°7 ≤ l ≤ 13.°4, 0.°22 ≤ b ≤ 1.°05, and 5 km s−1 ≤ v ≤ 35 km s−1 and simulated clumps, reaches 90.2%. Additionally, FacetClumps demonstrates satisfactory performance when applied to observational data.
Evidence for Very Early Planetesimal Formation and 26Al/27Al Heterogeneity in the Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Connelly J. N. , Bollard J. , Amsellem E. , Schiller M. , Larsen K. K. , Bizzarro M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a U-corrected Pb–Pb age of 4566.19 ± 0.20 Ma (1.11 ± 0.26 Myr after t
0) for the moderately volatile element rich, andesitic meteorite Erg Chech 002 (EC002). Our Al–Mg isochron defines a 26Al/27Al initial ratio of (8.65 ± 0.09) × 10−6 that corresponds to a 26Al/27Al ratio of

2.48

−
0.56

+
0.67

× 10−5 for the parent body precursor at the time of solar system formation. Whereas the published bulk chemistry and our high-precision Ca isotope measurement correspond to those for inner solar system materials, the 26Al/27Al ratio overlaps that for outer solar system CI chondrites. This indicates that the carriers and/or processes responsible for the nucleosynthetic isotope compositions for inner and outer disk materials are different than those controlling the heterogeneous distribution of 26Al. A low μ
26Mg* initial value of −6.1 ± 1.7 ppm infers a source region with a subchondritic Al/Mg ratio until 1.1 Myr after t
0 such that melt generation must have immediately preceded its crystallization. With 26Al as the main heating source, a modeled temperature–time path for a 100 km radius parent body with our inferred 26Al abundance suggests that accretion must have occurred before 0.5 Myr after t
0 to reach melting temperatures at appropriate depths within 1.1 Myr. This requires that the parent body formed very early within the protoplanetary disk, consistent with predictions of rapid formation of planetesimals by streaming instabilities within high-density dust filaments during the earliest phase of the protoplanetary disk. Finally, an absence of initial Pb in this otherwise moderately volatile-rich achondrite implies Pb was effectively sequestered to the Fe–Ni core.
Auguste en pharaon à Kôm Bahigأغسطس كفرعون في كوم بهيج
Authors: Queyrel François 
Published: July 2023

Découverte en 2022 dans la fouille menée par le Centre d’Études Alexandrines à Kôm Bahig, une tête coiffée d’un némès avec uræus vient d’une statue-pilier en basalte qui devait se dresser aux abords du dromos du sanctuaire. Les mèches frontales reproduisent le dessin du type de Prima Porta, le plus fréquent dans l’iconographie d’Auguste. Ce nouveau portrait d’Auguste en pharaon est postérieur à 27 av. J.-C., date d’adoption du type, et peut dater du règne du princeps.
Reisner and Mace’s Excavations of Naga ed-Deir Cemeteries N500–N900, N1500, N3000 and N3500 Reconsideredإعادة النَّظر في أعمال التنقيب التي قام بها رايزنر وميس في مجموعات مقابر نجع الدير N500-N900 ،N1500 ،N3000 ،N3500
Authors: Vanthuyne Bart 
Published: July 2023

Naga ed-Deir is located on the east side of the Nile, opposite Reqaqna, Beit Khallaf, and el‑Mahasna, and about 20 kilometres north of Abydos. In 1901-1904 the Phoebe A. Hearst Egyptian Expedition, led by George A. Reisner, carried out extensive excavations in several cemeteries across the site, leading to the discovery of tombs from the Predynastic period up to the early Coptic period. Amongst these were cemeteries N500–N900, N1500, N3000 and N3500, for which Reisner and Arthur C. Mace identified the typo-chronological tomb development between the 1st and 4th Dynasty. A combined study of the tombs, burial customs and material culture, especially the pottery, found in these cemeteries, however, suggests that Reisner and Mace’s dating and hence some of their conclusions are in need of revision, highlighting the need for a complete re-analysis of extant site data and museum objects.
Two Distinct Deleterious Causative Variants in a Family with Multiple Cancer-Affected Patients
Authors: Khorram Erfan , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad A. , Zeinalian Mehrdad 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Only 5 to 10% of cancers are hereditary, but they are particularly important since they can be passed down from generation to generation, and family members are at elevated risk. Although screening methods are one of the essential strategies for dealing with hereditary cancers, they do not have high specificity and sensitivity. The emergence of whole-exome sequencing (WES) causes a significant increase in the diagnostic rate of cancer-causing variants in at-risk families.

Materials and Methods:
We performed WES on the proband's DNA sample from an Iranian family with multiple cancer-affected members to identify potential causative variants. Multiple in silico tools were used to evaluate the candidate variants' pathogenicity and their effects on the protein's structure, function, and stability. Moreover, the candidate variants were co-segregated in the family with Sanger sequencing.

Results:
The WES data analysis identified two pathogenic variants (CHEK2: NM_007194.4: c.538C>T, p.Arg180Cys and MLH1: NM_000249.4, c.844G>A, p.Ala282Thr). Sanger sequencing data showed each of the variants was incompletely segregated with phenotype, but both of them explained the patient's phenotype together. Also, the structural analysis demonstrated that due to the variant (c.538C>T), a salt bridge between arginine 180 and glutamic acid 149 was lost. Indeed, several protein stability tools described both variants as destabilizing.

Conclusion:
Herein, we interestingly identify two distinct deleterious causative variants (CHEK2: NM_007194.4: c.538C>T, p.Arg180Cys and MLH1: NM_000249.4, c.844G>A, p.Ala282Thr) in a family with several cancer-affected members. Furthermore, this study's findings established the utility of WES in the genetic diagnostics of cancer.
Alteration in corneal topography asymmetry indices following corneal refractive surgery
Authors: Abdelhalim Tamer I. , Sorour Osama A. , Elkadim Mohamed , Tadros Dina. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
We aimed to follow up corneal refractive asymmetry index changes following refractive surgery for cornea after correction of low-grade myopia and to determine which technique causes marked affection of the indices.

Patients and methods
This prospective study conducted from October 2020 to December 2021 included two groups of patients, the photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) group and the laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) group. Every patient in each group had to follow a schedule of visits after surgery for the next day, 1 week, 1 month, and after 3 months. Patients who failed to follow this schedule were excluded from the study.

Results
The PRK group contained 42 eyes with a mean uncorrected visual acuity that improved significantly, corneal power (K-reading) and pupil center thickness reduced significantly. Surface variance index, central keratoconus index, and height decentration index did not change significantly. Vertical asymmetry index and minimum radius of curvature (Rmin) increased significantly while height asymmetry index decreased significantly. Our LASIK group contained 40 eyes that underwent changes similar to those in the PRK group regarding uncorrected visual acuity, the K-reading, and the pupil center thickness. The surface variance index, vertical asymmetry index, and height asymmetry index, height decentration index and Rmin increased significantly while the central keratoconus index decreased significantly. The keratoconus index reduced significantly in both groups.

Conclusion
The PRK is a more conservative technique than the LASIK technique regarding the affection of corneal asymmetry indices.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of traditional eye medicine use among patients attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sridhar Sriya , Kartha Keerthi M. , Rahul Bhogi , Deeja Santhalayam Sivankunju 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study is intended to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of traditional eye medicine (TEM) use among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

Settings and design
Hospital-Based, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study

Methods and material
Questionnaire-based assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding TEM use.

Results
TEM usage was not gender-dependent. The dependent factors were age, marital status, religious beliefs and socio-economic status. Married and lower socio-economic status participants were more prone to seek TEM. Commonly used TEM were, rose water (31.3%), castor oil (17.9%) and Cucumber (14.9%). 35.8% used TEM following foreign body falling into eye. The commonest symptoms for using TEM were redness (73.1%) and watering (59.7%). 71.64% sought TEM following acquaintances’ advice. 43.28% self-medicated. 87.1% did not have any improvement in symptoms following use of TEM. 58.2% consulted an ophthalmologist within 1 week of no improvement in initial symptoms/following complications from TEM usage. Lack of knowledge was the commonest reason quoted for delay in consultations.

Conclusions
TEM is ineffective, cause ocular complications and can even lead to irreversible blindness. This study gives us an in-depth idea on the need for health education, awareness and reform policies to improve eye health.
A Review on Markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri Wagner 1839) population trends (2016-2019) and community-based conservation in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen, Kaigah Kohistan Conservancies and Chitral Gol National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Kakakhel Syed Fazal Baqi 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Recognizing the dynamics of ungulate populations is vital because of their economic and ecological significance. The dry temperate ecosystem of Hindu Kush is one of the most remarkable and significant mountain ranges, which supports near threatened markhor population in districts Chitral and Kohistan of Pakistan. However, the current population trends and community-based management of markhor are data lacking or unrevealed, requiring a crucial need for research to examine. The central goal of this study is to review population trends (2016-2019) of markhor and community-based conservation in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen conservancies, Chitral Gol National Park in district Chitral and Kaigah conservancy in district Kohistan using well developed questionnaire.Methodology: Review of existing record of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department Pakistan through a well-developed questionnaireFindings: The finding revealed that over a period of four years population of markhor enlarged to 5658 individuals, fawn population to 2185, female population to 1589, young population to 1491 and the trophy size male increased to 850. Community based conservation resulted 15 markhor trophy hunts in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen and Kaigah conservancies with gross income of USD 5770400 except Chitral Gol National Park where trophy hunting is not allowed under Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife and Biodiversity Act 2015.Unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy:The author recommended that, As the government has fixed Markhor trophy hunting quota of hunting four animals per year in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This quota of Markhor trophy hunting should not be fixed but should be based on population of Markhor with reference to trophy size male. The present quota of four Markhor trophy hunt need to be increase from 4 animals per year to 1% leading to 2% of the population of markhor. As the population of Markhor in Chitral Gol National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan has been increased to 2926 individuals and have enlarged to buffer zone of the National Park. At least 1% of Markhor trophy hunts in buffer zone is recommended to support local community for their livelihood improvement and encouragement of the conservation. The community organizations should be strengthened in terms of establishing their offices, field equipment and mobility beside protection.
Investigation of the effects of the Greek extreme wildfires of August 2021 on air quality and spectral solar irradiance
Authors: Masoom Akriti , Fountoulakis Ilias , Kazadzis Stelios , Raptis Ioannis-Panagiotis , Kampouri Anna , Psiloglou Basil E. , Kouklaki Dimitra , Papachristopoulou Kyriakoula , Marinou Eleni , Solomos Stavros , Gialitaki Anna , Founda Dimitra , Salamalikis Vasileios , Kaskaoutis Dimitris , Kouremeti Natalia , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Amiridis Vassilis , Kazantzidis Andreas , Papayannis Alexandros , Zerefos Christos S. , Eleftheratos Kostas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. In August 2021, a historic heatwave was recorded in
Greece which resulted in extreme wildfire events that strongly affected the
air quality over the city of Athens. Saharan dust was also transferred over
Greece on certain days of the same period due to the prevailing southern
winds. The impact of these events on air quality and surface solar radiation is investigated in this study. Event characterization based on active and passive remote sensing instrumentation has been performed. The study shows that significantly increased levels of air pollution were recorded from the end of July to the first week of August. The smoke led to unusually high aerosol optical depth (AOD) values (up to 3.6 at 500 nm), high Ångström exponent (AE) (up to 2.4 at 440–870 nm), and a strong and negative dependence of single-scattering albedo (SSA) on wavelength that was observed to decrease from 0.93 at 440 nm to 0.86 at 1020 nm, while the dust
event led to high AOD (up to 0.7 at 500 nm), low AE (up to 0.9 at 440–870 nm), and a positive dependence of SSA on wavelength that was observed to increase from 0.89 at 440 nm to 0.95 at 1020. Furthermore, the smoke plume was also detected over the PANhellenic GEophysical observatory of Antikythera on 7 August, which is about 240 km away from Athens. Increased AOD values (up to ∼ 0.90 at 500 nm) associated with a high
fine-mode AOD (up to ∼ 0.85 at 500 nm) and decrease in SSA
with wavelength suggested the dominance of fine biomass burning
aerosols. The impact of dust and smoke on solar irradiance revealed
significant differences in the spectral dependence of the attenuation caused by the two different aerosol types. The attenuation of solar irradiance in the ultraviolet (UV-B) spectrum was found to be much lower in the case of dust compared to smoke for similar AOD500 values. Differences were less pronounced in the near-infrared and visible spectral regions. The large AODs during the wildfires resulted in a decrease in the noon UV index by up to 53 %, as well as in the daily effective doses for the production of vitamin D (up to 50 %), in the daily photosynthetically active radiation (up to 21 %) and in the daily global horizontal irradiance (up to 17 %), with serious implications for health, agriculture, and energy. This study highlights the wider impacts of wildfires that are part of the wider problem
for Mediterranean countries, whose frequency is predicted to increase in
view of the projected increasing occurrence of summer heatwaves.
STATISTICAL THINKING AT EARLY PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVELS: CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVES IN UAE TEXTBOOKS
Authors: HIJAZI RAFIQ , SHAQLAIH ALI 
Published: July 2023

Developing statistical thinking is vital to fostering students’ critical thinking; however, it requires suitable curricula, appropriate textbooks, and well-prepared teachers. For many decades, statistics education was almost absent in the K–12 education in the Arab world. During the past few years, noticeable education reform efforts at all educational levels have introduced advanced curricula that aim to equip students with the skills that would enable them to compete internationally. This study aims to analyze the new statistics curricula in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as a leading educational model, and assess their alignment with the best international practices in developing statistical thinking at the primary school levels. Content analysis of the statistics component in mathematics textbooks from Grades 1–4 in UAE is presented in this paper, benchmarking the statistics content with the best international practices. Finally, recommendations on efficient and practical approaches to ensure appropriate development of statistical thinking at early educational stages are showcased.
Analysis of Meta-Heuristic Feature Selection Techniques on classifier performance with specific reference to psychiatric disorder
Authors: Singh Chandrabhan , Gangwar Mohit , Kumar Upendra 
Published: July 2023

Optimization plays an important role in solving complex computational problems. Meta-Heuristic approaches work as an optimization technique. In any search space, these approaches play an excellent role in local as well as global search. Nature-inspired approaches, especially population-based ones, play a role in solving the problem. In the past decade, many nature-inspired population-based methods have been explored by researchers to facilitate computational intelligence. These methods are based on insects, birds, animals, sea creatures, etc. This research focuses on the use of Meta-Heuristic methods for the feature selection. A better optimization approach must be introduced to reduce the computational load, depending on the problem size and complexity. The correct feature set must be chosen for the diagnostic system to operate effectively. Here, population-based Meta-Heuristic optimization strategies have been used to pick the features. By choosing the best feature set, the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) with the Enhanced Lion Optimization Algorithm (ELOA) approach would reduce classifier overhead. The results clearly demonstrate that the combined strategy has higher performance outcomes when compared to other optimization strategies.