bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AAPM BTSC Report 377: Physicist Brachytherapy Training in 2021—A survey of therapeutic medical physics residency program directors
Authors: Aima Manik , Simiele Samantha J. , Richardson Susan L. , Melhus Christopher S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrachytherapy (BT) was the first radiotherapeutic technique used to treat human disease and remains an essential modality in radiation oncology. A decline in the utilization of BT as a treatment modality has been observed and reported, which may impact training opportunities for medical physics residents. A survey of therapeutic medical physics residency program directors was performed as part of an assessment of the current state of BT training during residency.MethodsIn March 2021, a survey consisting of 23 questions was designed by a working unit of the Brachytherapy Subcommittee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and approved for distribution by the Executive Committee of the AAPM. The survey was distributed to the directors of the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs (CAMPEP)‐accredited therapeutic medical physics residency programs by the AAPM. The participant response was recorded anonymously in an online platform and then analyzed using MATLAB and Microsoft Excel software.ResultsThe survey was distributed to the program directors of 110 residency programs. Over the course of 6 weeks, 72 directors accessed the survey online, and 55 fully completed the survey. Individual responses from the directors (including partial submissions) were evaluated and analyzed. Nearly all participating programs (98%) utilize high dose rate BT treatments with 74% using low dose rate BT techniques. All programs treated gynecological sites using BT, and the next most common treatment sites were prostate (80%) and breast (53%). Overall, the residency program directors had a positive outlook toward BT as a radiotherapeutic treatment modality. Caseload and time limitations were identified as primary barriers to BT training by some programs.ConclusionsBased on the responses of the program directors, it was identified that the residency programs might benefit from additional resources such as virtual BT training, interinstitutional collaborations as well as resident fellowships. Programs might also benefit from additional guidance related to BT‐specific training requirements to help program directors attest Authorized Medical Physicist eligibility for graduating residents.
Synergistic Effect of Co‐Culturing Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts in the Formation of Tumoroid Clusters and Design of In Vitro 3D Models for the Testing of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Pierantoni Lara , Brancato Virginia , Costa João B. , Kundu Subhas C. , Reis Rui L. , Silva‐Correia Joana , Oliveira Joaquim M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is still the leading cause of women's death due to relapse and metastasis. In vitro tumor models are considered reliable tools for drug screening and understanding cancer‐driving mechanisms due to the possibility of mimicking tumor heterogeneity. Herein, a 3D breast cancer model (3D‐BCM) is developed based on enzymatically‐crosslinked silk fibroin (eSF) hydrogels. Human MCF7 breast cancer cells are encapsulated into eSF hydrogels, with and without human mammary fibroblasts. The spontaneously occurring conformational change from random coil to β‐sheet is correlated with increased eSF hydrogels’ stiffness over time. Moreover, mechanical properties analysis confirms that the cells can modify the stiffness of the hydrogels, mimicking the microenvironment stiffening occurring in vivo. Fibroblasts support cancer cells growth and assembly in the eSF hydrogels up to 14 days of culture. Co‐cultured 3D‐BCM exhibits an upregulated expression of genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling and fibroblast activation. The 3D‐BCM is subjected to doxorubicin and paclitaxel treatments, showing differential drug response. Overall, these results suggest that the co‐culture of breast cancer cells and fibroblasts in eSF hydrogels allow the development of a mimetic in vitro platform to study cancer progression. This opens up new research avenues to investigate novel molecular targets for anti‐cancer therapy.
Realization of Artificial Nerve Synapses Based on Biological Threshold Resistive Random Access Memory
Authors: Wang Lu , Zuo Ze , Wen Dianzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA one‐selector one resistor (1S1R) array formed of a selector and resistive random access memory (RRAM) is an important way to achieve high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing. However, the low durability and poor consistency of the selector limit its practical application. The fabrication of a selector based on egg albumen (EA) is reported in this paper. The device exhibits excellent bidirectional threshold switching characteristics, including a low leakage current (10−7 A), a high ON/OFF current ratio (106), and good endurance (>700 days). It is used as a selector to form a 1S1R unit in combination with an EA‐based RRAM to effectively solve the leakage current in a crossbar array. A feasible solution is provided for the realization of a protein‐based 1S1R array to achieve high‐density storage. The 1S1R unit shows characteristics similar to those of synapses in the human brain under impulse excitation and has great potential in simulating the human brain for neuromorphic calculations.)
High‐Efficiency Perovskite Quantum Dot Photovoltaic with Homogeneous Structure and Energy Landscape
Authors: Huang Hehe , Zhang Xuliang , Gui Ruohua , Zhao Chenyu , Guo Junjun , Maung Yin Maung , Yin Hang , Ma Wanli , Yuan Jianyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe energy disorder originating from quantum dot (QD) size and relevant solid film inhomogeneity is detrimental to the charge transport and efficiency of QD based solar cells. The emergence of halide perovskite QDs (PQDs) have attracted great attention as promising absorbers in QD photovoltaics. However, it is currently difficult in preparing structural uniform PQD film with homogenous energetic landscape, which is essential for highly reproducible and efficient solar cells. Herein, assisted by a bidentate ligand 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, a facile solution phase anchoring (SPA) strategy is first reported for design and preparation of all‐inorganic CsPbI3 PQD film with reduced structure and energy disorder. The SPA can enhance PQD dispersion as well as dot‐to‐dot interaction, which is beneficial for fabricating high‐quality PQD arrays and photovoltaic devices. The engineered CsPbI3 PQD solar cell exhibits enhanced reproducibility, and higher open–circuit voltage together with a champion efficiency of 16.14%, which is among the highest report to date. These results are believed to provide design principle of uniform PQDs for high‐performance optoelectronic application.
Self‐Powered Nanofluidic Pressure Sensor with a Linear Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Yue Yang , Liu Nishuang , Su Tuoyi , Cheng Yongfa , Liu Weijie , Lei Dandan , Cheng Feng , Ge Binghui , Gao Yihua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe transfer functions of the widely used pressure sensors do not exhibit the desired linearity, which limits their practicability in many fields, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. Herein, MXene/cellulose nanofiber composite membrane‐based linear nanofluidic pressure sensors are demonstrated. The nanoscale gaps between MXene laminates restrict the movement of electrolyte and realize the selective transport of ions, based on which mechanical signals can be converted into electric energy for self‐powering. In particular, the generated voltage and current are directly proportional to the applied pressure. The introduction of high‐strength cellulose nanofibers not only expands the detection range of the sensor but also achieves continuous adjustment of the nano‐gap between MXene laminates, which optimizes the sensitivity of the device. The feasibility of further optimization through the modulation of surface functional groups, electrolyte concentration, and device assembly method is proposed. This 2D nanofluid pressure sensor provides an important approach to manufacture portable and wearable electronic devices for applications in many fields.
Solid‐State Homojunction Electrochemical Transistors and Logic Gates on Plastic
Authors: Kwak In Cheol , Lee Yoonjoo , Kim Min Je , Choi Young Jin , Roe Dong Gue , Kang Moon Sung , Woo Han Young , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique ionic–electronic charge coupling, which holds promise for use in a variety of bioelectronics. However, the typical electronic components of OECTs, such as the rigid metal electrodes and aqueous electrolytes, have limited their application in solid‐state bioelectronics that requires design flexibility and a variety of form factors. Here, the fabrication of a solid‐state homojunction OECT consisting of a pristine polymer semiconductor channel, doped polymer semiconductor electrodes, and a solid electrolyte is demonstrated. This structure combines the photo‐crosslinking of all of the electronic OECT components with the selective doping of the polymer semiconductor. Three Lewis acids (gold (III) chloride (AuCl3), iron (III) chloride (FeCl3), and copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) ) are utilized as dopants for the metallization of the polymer semiconductor. The AuCl3‐doped polymer semiconductor with an electrical conductivity of ≈100 S cm−1 is successfully employed as the source, drain, and gate electrodes for the OECT, which exhibited a high carrier mobility of 3.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and excellent mechanical stability, with negligible degradation in device performance after 5000 cycles of folding at a radius of 0.1 mm. Homojunction OECTs are then successfully assembled to produce NOT, NAND, and NOR logic gates.
Strain‐Tolerant, High‐Detectivity, and Intrinsically Stretchable All‐Polymer Photodiodes
Authors: Kang Hyunbum , Lee Yeongjun , Lee Gae Hwang , Chung Jong Won , Kwon Young‐Nam , Kim Joo‐Young , Kuzumoto Yasutaka , Gam Sangah , Kang Sung‐Gyu , Jung Ji Young , Choi Ajeong , Yun Youngjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA skin‐like photodiode (PD) that is stretchable and skin‐conformable is crucial to opening the next‐generation wearable electronics for optical biometric monitoring, biomedical imaging, and others. To achieve reliable PD characteristics under large deformation, stretchable PDs with high detectivity and high mechanical stretchability must be developed. Herein, intrinsically stretchable polymer‐based PDs (is‐PPDs) comprising all‐polymeric constituent layers are demonstrated. In particular, elastomeric photoactive layers consisting of an elastomer with p‐/n‐type semiconducting polymers and conducting polymer‐based stretchable transparent electrodes with modulated work functions improve both the mechanical stability and the detectivity (D*) of is‐PPDs. Accordingly, is‐PPDs show excellent D* over 1013 Jones with a suppressed dark current density of 0.1 nA cm−2 before and after 100% stretching. The proposed is‐PPDs record high‐quality and stable photoplethysmography signals at the wrist with outward extension.
C‐Shaped Cartilage Development Using Wharton's Jelly‐Derived Hydrogels to Assemble a Highly Biomimetic Neotrachea for use in Circumferential Tracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Gao Erji , Wang Yao , Wang Pengli , Wang Qianyi , Wei Yuxuan , Song Daiying , Xu Huangfang , Ding Jinghao , Xu Yong , Xia Huitang , Chen Ru , Duan Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA highly biomimetic neotrachea with C‐shaped cartilage rings has promising clinical applications in the treatment of circumferential tracheal defects (CTDs) owing to its structure and physiological function. However, to date, most fabricated tracheal cartilages are O‐shaped. In this study, finite element analysis demonstrates C‐shaped cartilage rings that exhibit better compliance than O‐shaped. Hydrogel is developed using methacryloyl‐modified decellularized Wharton's jelly matrix (DWJMA) for the regeneration of C‐shaped cartilage rings. This novel hydrogel possesses adjustable physicochemical properties and favorable cytocompatibility. When loaded with chondrocytes, DWJMA hydrogels support the optimal cartilage regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, a highly biomimetic neotrachea simultaneously simulating the structural and physiological properties of the normal trachea is regenerated via modular assembly of several individual C‐shaped cartilage rings. The results demonstrate the highly biomimetic neotrachea have better patency (88.6 ± 6.1% vs 74.4 ± 9.4%, p < 0.05), improve the survival rate, alleviate weight loss and mucoid impaction, than its O‐shaped counterpart when used for the treatment of CTDs in a rabbit model. Therefore, this study proposes a novel hydrogel for the regeneration of C‐shaped cartilage and provides new insights into the treatment of CTDs using a highly biomimetic neotrachea with C‐shaped cartilage rings.
Electrochemical Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural on CeO2‐Modified Co3O4 with Regulated Intermediate Adsorption and Promoted Charge Transfer
Authors: Zhao Gongchi , Hai Guangtong , Zhou Peiyun , Liu Zhimeng , Zhang Yanyan , Peng Baoxiang , Xia Wei , Huang Xiubing , Wang Ge 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) can replace the kinetically slow oxygen evolution reaction to yield high value‐added chemicals. In this study, interface engineering is constructed by modifying CeO2 nanoparticles on Co3O4 nanowires supported by nickel foam (NF). The construction of the heterointerface can facilitate the structural evolution of catalysts and charge transfer, as a result, the successfully synthesized NF@Co3O4/CeO2 exhibits higher 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural conversion (98.0%), 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) yield (94.5%), and Faradaic efficiency (97.5%) at a low electrolysis potential of 1.40 VRHE compared to NF@Co3O4 and NF@CeO2. Density‐functional theory calculations indicate that the establishment of heterointerface can effectively regulate the intermediate adsorption and promote electron transfer, which greatly reduces the activation energy of the dehydrogenation step in 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), and promotes the further oxidation of FFCA to FDCA, thereby improving the performance of HMFOR. In this study, the HMFOR behavior of the Co3O4/CeO2 interface effect is deeply explored, which provides guidance for the future design of heterointerface catalysts with efficient HMFOR performance.
Bi‐Metallic Coupling‐Induced Electronic‐State Modulation of Metal Phosphides for Kinetics‐Enhanced and Dendrite‐Free Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhou Chao , Hong Min , Hu Nantao , Yang Jianhua , Zhu Wenhuan , Kong Lingwei , Li Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as next‐generation promising batteries, yet suffer from severe capacity decay and low‐rate capability. Transition metal compounds can solve these problems due to their unique electronic band structure, good chemical adsorption ability, and exceptional catalytic capability. Unraveling the essence of electronic states of metal compounds can fundamentally guide their structure design and promote Li–S battery performance. Herein, bi‐metallic coupling‐induced electronic‐state modulation of metal phosphides is reported for kinetics‐enhanced and dendrite‐free Li–S batteries. Bimetallic phosphides nanoparticles‐anchored N, P‐co‐doped porous carbons (NiCoP–NPPC) are facilely constructed via a laser‐induced micro‐explosion strategy. Theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic‐state can be modulated via NiCo coupling, leading to lower polysulfides/Li+ diffusion and conversion barriers. As a result, the assembled Li–S full cells based on NiCoP–NPPC exhibit greatly improved capacity (1150 mAh g‐1 at 0.5 C) and cycle stability (84.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). Furthermore, they can be operated even under lean electrolyte (5.2 µL mg‐1) with a high sulfur loading (6.9 mg cm‐2), achieving a high areal capacity of 6.8 mAh cm‐2 at 0.5 C. This study demonstrates that bi‐metallic coupling‐induced electronic‐state modulation is an effective approach for developing high‐performance Li–S batteries.
X‐Ray‐Responsive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Capped Nanotherapeutics for Cervical Cancer‐Targeting Radiosensitization
Authors: Pan Shuya , Huang Guanning , Sun Zhengwei , Chen Xin , Xiang Xinli , Jiang Wenxiao , Xu Yanchao , Chen Tianfeng , Zhu Xueqiong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping radiosensitizers based on the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment can improve the effectiveness and overcome the bottleneck of cervical cancer radiotherapy. Herein, an in situ synthesis strategy is demonstrated by using a highly bioactive zeolitic imidazolate framework to cap Mn3O4 and folic acid as targeting molecules (FA‐Mn3O4@ZIF‐8) to achieve enhanced radiosensitization against cervical cancer. As expected, the ZIF‐8 cap on the surface of Mn3O4 responds more effectively to X‐rays. Meanwhile, by facilitating the presence of oxygen vacancies and valence transition of manganese on the surface of Mn3O4, the ZIF‐8 cap on Mn3O4 can increase the catalytic capacity for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione as well as produce more singlet oxygen under X‐ray, alleviate hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment, and increase reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, FA‐Mn3O4@ZIF‐8 shows excellent radiotherapy‐sensitizing properties in vitro and in vivo by promoting DNA damage and apoptosis. Collectively, this study suggests that designing and construction of X‐ray responsive nanoradiosensitizers could be a good way for future clinical radiotherapy of malignant cervical cancer.
On‐Chip Tightly Confined Guiding and Splitting of Surface Acoustic Waves Using Line Defects in Phononic Crystals
Authors: Gao Feng , Benchabane Sarah , Bermak Amine , Dong Shurong , Khelif Abdelkrim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhononic crystals (PnCs) exhibit acoustic properties that are not usually found in natural materials, which leads to the possibility of new devices for the complex manipulation of acoustic waves. In this article, a micron‐scale phononic waveguide constructed by line defects in PnCs to achieve on‐chip, tightly confined guiding, bending, and splitting of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is reported. The PnC is made of a square lattice of periodic nickel pillars on a piezoelectric substrate. The PnC lattice constant, pillar diameter, and pillar height are set to 10, 7.5, and 3.2 µm, respectively, leading to a complete bandgap centered at 195 MHz. Interdigitated transducers are monolithically integrated on the same substrate for SAW excitation. The guiding, bending, and splitting of SAWs in the phononic waveguide are experimentally observed through measurement of the out‐of‐plane displacement fields using a scanning optical interferometer. The combination of destructive interference due to the Bragg bandgap and the interaction of the propagating wave with the pillars around the channel results in a tight confinement of the displacement field. The proposed phononic waveguides demonstrate the feasibility of precise local manipulation of SAW that is essential for emerging frontier applications, notably for phonon‐based classical and quantum information processing.
Interconnected Metallic Membrane Enabled by MXene Inks Toward High‐Rate Anode and High‐Voltage Cathode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Zhao Wengao , Park Sang‐Hoon , Guo Tiezhu , Deng Shungui , Seral‐Ascaso Andrés , Si Mayan , Grissa Rabeb , Barwich Sebastian , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ever‐increasing popularity of smart electronics demands advanced Li‐ion batteries capable of charging faster and storing more energy, which in turn stimulates the innovation of electrode additives. Developing single‐phase conductive networks featuring excellent mechanical strength/integrity coupled with efficient electron transport and durability at high‐voltage operation should maximize the rate capability and energy density, however, this has proven to be quite challenging. Herein, it is shown that a 2D titanium carbide (known as MXene) metallic membrane can be used as single‐phase interconnected conductive binder for commercial Li‐ion battery anode (i.e., Li4Ti5O12) and high‐voltage cathodes (i.e., Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2). Electrodes are fabricated directly by slurry‐casting of MXene aqueous inks composited with active materials without any other additives or solvents. The interconnected metallic MXene membrane ensures fast charge transport and provides good durability, demonstrating excellent rate performance in the Li//Li4Ti5O12cell (90 mAh g−1at 45 C) and high reversible capacity (154 mAh g−1at 0.2 C/0.5 C) in Li//Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2cell coupled with high‐voltage operation (4.3 V vs Li/Li+). The LTO//NMC full cell demonstrates promising cycling stability, maintaining capacity retention of 101.4% after 200 cycles at 4.25 V (vs Li/Li+) operation. This work provides insights into the rational design of binder‐free electrodes toward acceptable cyclability and high‐power density Li‐ion batteries.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Earth‐Abundant Cu3SbS4 by Promoting Doping Efficiency via Rational Vacancy Design
Authors: Zhang De , Wang Xincan , Wu Hong , Huang Yuling , Zheng Sikang , Zhang Bin , Fu Huixia , Cheng Zien , Jiang Pengfei , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Lu Xu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSulfides are well investigated as thermoelectric materials but their performance is typically limited by low electrical conductivity. High electrical performance in Cu3SbS4 is reported by creating high valence vacancies, which efficiently provides multiple carriers. It is revealed from the perspective of a chemical bond by calculations that Al can serve as vacancy stabilizer as its entry into the lattice forms intensified bonds with neighboring atoms and lowers the vacancy formation energy. As a result, the average power factor of Cu3SbS4 with 9 wt% CuAlS2 reaches 16.1 µW cm−1 K−2. Finally, by further addition of AgAlS2, a peak zT of 1.3 and an average zT of 0.77 are obtained due to the reduced thermal conductivity. The attained average power factor and average zT are superior to other low‐toxic thermoelectric sulfides. The findings shed light on the new strategy for creating favorable vacancies to realize high‐efficiency doping in thermoelectric materials.