bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of probable eating disorders and associated risk factors in children and adolescents aged 5–16 years in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates: observational case–control study
Authors: Al Mestaka Naji , Alneyadi Amna , AlAhbabi Ali , AlMatrushi Abdulla , AlSaadi Rehab , Alketbi Latifa Baynouna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders, including anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating, have become a significant health concern among young children and adolescents worldwide. The objective of this study is to examine the probable eating disorder prevalence and associated risk factors among obese and normal-weight children and adolescents aged (5–16 years) in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods
This observational case–control study utilized data obtained from electronic medical records (age, gender, body measurements). SCOFF questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) were used to estimate the probable prevalence of eating disorders and depression, respectively, in children and adolescents. The study was conducted in Al Ain Ambulatory health services clinics from 2018 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were employed for data analysis.

Results
A total of 551 subjects participated in the study, with 288 (52%) categorized as normal-weight and 263 (48%) as obese. Among the obese participants, there was an equal distribution of males and females. Screening for eating disorders using the SCOFF questionnaire revealed that approximately 42% of the obese participants had a positive SCOFF result, indicating abnormal eating behaviors. In contrast, only 7% of the normal-weight participants had a positive SCOFF result. A significant positive correlation was observed between a positive SCOFF screening result, PHQ-2 score, and the participants' weight at the age of 6 years.

Conclusion
This study represents the first attempt to assess the probable prevalence of the risk of eating disorders in children and adolescents in the UAE. This young population have high risk of eating disorders and it was significantly higher in obese children than normal weight children. These results highlight the importance of addressing eating disorders in this population and the need for early detection and intervention strategies.
Genetic diversity and resilience in benthic marine populations
Authors: Vásquez Cynthia , Quiñones Renato A. , Brante Antonio , Hernández-Miranda Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding the mechanisms behind resilience has become more relevant in the last decades, due to the increasing and intensifying disturbances from natural and anthropogenic sources that threaten biodiversity. Evidence from terrestrial populations suggests that resilience increases with genetic diversity. Few studies, however, have evaluated the relationship between genetics and resilience in benthic marine populations.

Methods and results
For this review, we gathered studies where genetic diversity was the predictor variable, and resilience was the response variable. Twenty-five publications between 2001 and 2018 were included. Thirteen benthic marine species were identified, mainly sea-grass species, among which Zostera marina was the most frequently studied. The relationship between genetic diversity and resilience was variable-dependent. Considering all the analyses (N = 150) in the studies reviewed, 44% reported positive relationships between genetic diversity and resilience capacity. Negative relationships were found in 6%, and no relationship was found in 50%. Positive relationships indicated that genetic diversity increased resistance and recovery capacity after different types of disturbances. Dominance and complementarity were suggested as the underlying mechanism explaining these findings in the few studies that conducted this type of evaluation.

Conclusions
The results of this review suggest that the relationship between genetic diversity and resilience is mainly positive. However, this relationship relies on how genetic diversity and resiliency were measured, as well as on the biological characteristics of the species under study. This reinforces the importance of acknowledging and maintaining genetic diversity for the conservation of benthic populations in marine ecosystems.
Cardiovascular toxicities after anthracycline and VEGF-targeted therapies in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Wong-Siegel Jeannette R. , Hayashi Robert J. , Foraker Randi , Mitchell Joshua D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer survival rates have been steadily improving in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population, but survivors are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline therapy have been well studied. However, the cardiovascular toxicity associated with newer therapies, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, is less well understood.

Objective
This retrospective study of AYA cancer survivors sought to gain insight into their burden of cardiovascular toxicities (CT) following initiation of anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy.

Methods
Data were extracted from electronic medical records over a fourteen-year period at a single institution. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to examine risk factors for CT within each treatment group. Cumulative incidence was calculated with death as a competing risk.

Results
Of the 1,165 AYA cancer survivors examined, 32%, 22%, and 34% of patients treated with anthracycline, VEGF inhibitor, or both, developed CT. Hypertension was the most common outcome reported. Males were at increased risk for CT following anthracycline therapy (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73). The cumulative incidence of CT was highest in patients who received both anthracycline and VEGF inhibitor (50% at ten years of follow up).

Conclusions
CT was common among AYA cancer survivors who received anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy. Male sex was an independent risk factor for CT following anthracycline treatment. Further screening and surveillance are warranted to continue understanding the burden of CVD following VEGF inhibitor therapy.
DB-DCAFN: dual-branch deformable cross-attention fusion network for bacterial segmentation
Authors: Wang Jingkun , Ma Xinyu , Cao Long , Leng Yilin , Li Zeyi , Cheng Zihan , Cao Yuzhu , Huang Xiaoping , Zheng Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSputum smear tests are critical for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Automatic segmentation of bacteria from sputum smear images is important for improving diagnostic efficiency. However, this remains a challenging task owing to the high interclass similarity among different categories of bacteria and the low contrast of the bacterial edges. To explore more levels of global pattern features to promote the distinguishing ability of bacterial categories and maintain sufficient local fine-grained features to ensure accurate localization of ambiguous bacteria simultaneously, we propose a novel dual-branch deformable cross-attention fusion network (DB-DCAFN) for accurate bacterial segmentation. Specifically, we first designed a dual-branch encoder consisting of multiple convolution and transformer blocks in parallel to simultaneously extract multilevel local and global features. We then designed a sparse and deformable cross-attention module to capture the semantic dependencies between local and global features, which can bridge the semantic gap and fuse features effectively. Furthermore, we designed a feature assignment fusion module to enhance meaningful features using an adaptive feature weighting strategy to obtain more accurate segmentation. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of DB-DCAFN on a clinical dataset comprising three bacterial categories: Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DB-DCAFN outperforms other state-of-the-art methods and is effective at segmenting bacteria from sputum smear images.
Investigation of HER2 I655V and PHB 3′UTR C > T polymorphisms in azoospermic infertile males
Authors: Yildiz Irem , Karakus Nevin , Erdemir Fikret 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Male infertility is a complex, multifactorial pathological condition with a highly heterogeneous phenotypic variation, from complete absence of spermatozoa in the testicles (azoospermia) to marked changes in sperm quality. The Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 gene (ERBB2, also often called HER2) was hypothesized to be involved in spermatogenesis and Leydig cell steroidogenesis in males. Prohibitin (PHB) has been shown to regulate sperm motility in infertile men by changing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species levels. In this study, we aimed to investigate the HER2 I655V and PHB 3′UTR C > T polymorphisms in azoospermic infertile males.

Methods
One hundred and thirty-three infertile males with idiopathic azoospermia and 100 healthy male controls were included in this study. Patient and control DNAs, which were extracted from peripheral blood, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technics. For statistical evaluation, Chi-square and variance analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS (version 20.0) and Openepi (version 3.01) software programs.

Results
We did not observe any differences between azoospermic infertile males and healthy male controls in terms of allele and genotype distributions of both the HER2 I655V and PHB 3′UTR C > T polymorphisms (p > 0.05). Moreover, composite genotype analyses did not show any differences between two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
No association was found between HER2 I655V and PHB 3′UTR C > T polymorphisms and azoospermic male infertility. The study can be expanded further by increasing the number of samples and studying in various populations.
A case report of Y-shaped bi-directional Fontan procedure: promising long-term outcomes for single ventricle physiology patients
Authors: Agarwal Abhimanyu , Cribbs Marc , Ahmed Asmaa Naguib , Abozeed Mostafa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Achieving optimal hepatic factor distribution and total cavopulmonary resistance is crucial for long-term outcomes in single ventricle palliation patients. Y-shaped Gore-Tex Fontan procedure redirects hepatic drainage to both the right and left pulmonary arteries. The aim of this approach is to achieve bilateral pulmonary distribution of hepatic factors and reduce the risk of arteriovenous malformations that can develop in single-ventricle patients.

Case presentation
We present a unique case of a 20 years old female with symptoms of heart failure, who has a history of complex heterotaxy with polysplenia, interrupted Inferior vena-cava, and double outlet right ventricle with unbalanced atrio-ventricular septal defect, d-malposed great arteries, and pulmonary atresia. Fenestrated Y-shaped Gore-Tex Fontan procedure was successfully done which was confirmed by performing cardiac CT angiography.

Conclusions
Studies have shown that achieving balanced hepatic factor distribution and low resistance in the Fontan pathway can improve long-term outcomes. This procedure has demonstrated positive results in terms of oxygen saturation and reduced asymmetric blood flow distribution.

Level of Evidence
Level 4, Case Report.
Autistic Traits Among Adolescents and Young Adults Under Assessment for Psychiatric Conditions: An Experimental Analysis of Prevalence
Authors: İnci Sanem , Nisticò Veronica , Folatti Irene , Santangelo Giulia , Sanguineti Claudio , Faggioli Raffaella , Bertani Angelo , Gambini Orsola , Demartini Benedetta 
Published: July 2023

AimsAutism spectrum disorders have recently encountered a change in how they are perceived, since what used to be a narrowly defined rare disorder of childhood is now recognized as a fairly common heterogeneous disorder, which may receive a first-diagnosis during adolescence and adulthood, yet, a common scenario within this age group is that either the diagnosis is missed or misdiagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, relatively little has been published about the prevalence of autistic traits in adolescent and young adults, and specifically in those investigated for psychiatric conditions.In the present study, we explore the prevalence of autistic traits among 170 adolescents and young adults who were referred to the outpatient psychiatry clinic “Centro Giovani Ponti” in Milan, Italy between September 2021 and March 2022.MethodsSocio-demographic information was collected and all participants completed the following questionnaires; (1) The Autism Quotient (AQ), (2) The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), (3) The Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ) and (4) The Empathy Quotient (EQ).ResultsOut of 170 participants, a striking 103 (60.6%) of the subjects scored above the cut-off in RAADS-R, and 31 (18.2%) of the subjects scored above the cut-off in AQ. Furthermore, 99 (58.2%) participants were in the medium range and 47 (27.6%) were in the low empathy category according to EQ results. A significant sensory sensitivity was measured with an SPQ total score of 55.25 (SD = 17.76). Finally, gender difference was of significance in the RAADS-R, EQ and SPQ, but not in the AQ. In the RAADS-R, non-binary subjects (128.60) scored higher than females (78.68). Whereas, in the SPQ female (57.39) participants scored higher than non-binary subjects (40.30). Furthermore, females scored significantly higher compared to males in the EQ total score with values of 42.56 and 35.89, respectively.ConclusionTo conclude, we report that a significant proportion of adolescents and young adults seeking psychiatric care have unrecognized autistic traits and that an impact of gender is observed. This so called ‘lost generation’ is attributed to be created by the complex phenotypic presentations, changes in diagnostic criteria and associated diagnostic difficulties. It is of utmost importance to clarify the prevalence of autistic traits within this age range and to increase awareness among clinicians, since establishing the true diagnosis, which is commonly complicated by the high rates of psychiatric comorbidity or overlapping mental health symptoms, will reduce the burden on patients, their families, clinicians, and the society.
Factors Affecting Compliance for Patients Post First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Mehta Meet , Hocaoglu Mevhibe 
Published: July 2023

AimsPsychosis is a symptom of various health disorders characterised by hallucinations and delusions. Medication and appointment compliance amongst sufferers of psychosis remains a major issue. The aim of this study is to explore factors affecting compliance to inform interventions for improving service quality.MethodsA rapid systematic review was conducted on PubMed. Following screening, these papers were extracted and assessed using the hawker tool. 161 papers were identified with a search criterion and 33 were screened after removing non- English records, paid articles and pre-2015 papers. Abstracts of 33 papers were screened and 9 studies were looked at in detail.Results33 papers were identified after establishing a search criterion, from this 9 progressed to the inclusion stage. After using the Hawker tool, the quality of the papers averaged 32.8/36 and several significant factors were identified. The most significant factors that affect compliance are: insight, type of treatment, early signs of psychosis, ethnicity, income and qualitative factors.ConclusionVarious measures can be suggested to help improve medication and appointment adherence for service users. Improving insight through targeted-informative leaflets on medication available at first contact with the Psychiatrist or GP. More frequent medication reviews for select patient groups identified with a higher risk of non-adherence. Greater income assistance through food and travel vouchers or information on how funding can be accessed. Lastly, staff training on increasing insight for psychosis patients delivered through a 1-day course/e-learning module.
Probiotics as Adjunctive Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder: Estimates of Treatment Effect and Underlying Mechanisms From a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomised Pilot Trial
Authors: Nikolova Viktoriya , Cleare Anthony , Young Allan , Stone James 
Published: July 2023

AimsDespite considerable preclinical evidence, clinical trials assessing the effects of probiotics on individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce. This study aimed to provide further evidence of the acceptability, tolerability and putative efficacy of probiotics in this patient group and to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action.MethodsThis double-blind randomised placebo-controlled pilot and mechanistic trial investigated the effects of an 8-week adjunctive multi-strain probiotic intervention in adults with MDD taking antidepressants. Psychiatric data and stool and blood samples were collected at baseline, week 4 and week 8. A computer-based emotion recognition task was also administered. Stool samples from 25 matched healthy controls were also obtained.Results49 participants, randomised to probiotic (n = 24) or placebo (n = 25), were included in intent-to-treat analyses. Standardised effect sizes (SES) from linear mixed models demonstrated that the probiotic group attained greater improvements in depressive (HAMD week 4: SES [95%CI] = 0.70[0.01, 0.98]; IDS week 8: SES [95%CI] = 0.64 [0.03, 0.87]) and anxiety symptoms (HAMA week 4: SES [95%CI] = 0.67 [0.00, 0.95]; week 8: SES [95%CI] = 0.79 [0.06, 1.05]), compared to the placebo group. Attrition was 8% (n = 3 placebo, n = 1 probiotic), adherence was 97.2% and there were no serious adverse reactions. The probiotic modified the composition of the faecal microbiota by normalising richness and diversity towards healthy control levels. The probiotic also increased levels of specific taxa, including Bacillaceae (FDR p < 0.05), which correlated with reductions in anxiety scores (FDR p < 0.05). There was no impact of treatment on levels of inflammatory cytokines (CRP, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17) or BDNF. However, probiotics showed a tendency to increase positive affective bias and improved the accuracy of recognition of all emotions, except sadness.ConclusionCompared to placebo, the probiotic group had greater improvement in depressive and anxiety scores, from as early as 4 weeks. The acceptability, tolerability and estimated effect sizes on key clinical outcomes are promising and encourage further investigation of this probiotic as add-on treatment in MDD. The beneficial effects of probiotics in this patient group may be partially mediated by modification of the composition of the gut microbiota and improvement of affective biases, inherent to depressive disorders.
The Advancing Mental Health Equality Collaborative: Using Quality Improvement to Advance Equality in Mental Health Care
Authors: de Bono Adele , Milarski Matt , Souza Renata , Akhtar Saiqa , Bevan Rosana , Cannon Emily , Ayers Tom , Aya Viviana , Arundell Laura-Louise , Farmer Mark , Burgess Meera , Smith Lade , Mohan Rajesh , Shah Amar 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe Advancing Mental Health Equality Collaborative is an innovative 3-year quality improvement programme led by the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH). The collaborative was launched in July 2021 and involves 18 organisations across the UK who, with quality improvement support from the NCCMH, are working to understand the needs of their population and identify communities at risk of experiencing inequality to improve access, experience and outcomes of mental health care, support, and treatment for those populations.MethodsAn overarching driver diagram for the Collaborative was developed in collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders through steering group meetings, design workshops and remote consultation. This overarching driver diagram informs the development of population-specific driver diagrams, based on the population segments organisations selected to focus on. Each organisation was allocated an experienced quality improvement coach who supports them to apply a quality improvement approach to plan and deliver their projects, including support to generate insights based on data, staff and community engagement, carry out assets mapping, develop the project's aim and key drivers organisations need to work towards, identify measures, generate change ideas to be tested, and sustain successful changes.Members of organisations taking part also attend quarterly learning sets where they come together to network, share challenges and ideas, and learn from each other.ResultsPopulations identified by organisations include children and young people; Black, Asian and Ethnic minority men aged 18+ years; carer population; neurodivergent individuals with comorbid mental health diagnoses; Muslim women/Black women; refugees and forced migrants; women military veterans in Greater Manchester and Lancashire; Bangladeshi and Pakistani men and women in Oldham; Traveller community in Somerset. A number of initiatives are being tested by teams to improve access, experience and outcomes of mental health care, support, and treatment for these populations, such as offering mental health awareness sessions for refugees in a range of languages.ConclusionAddressing inequality in mental health care is a long and complex process. The AMHE collaborative is supporting teams to take an innovative approach to tackle this issue, by ensuring their projects are fully co-produced with those affected by inequality. This includes engaging representatives from the communities they are trying to improve access, experience and outcomes for in all aspects of their quality improvement projects; from design to generating ideas to test, and ensuring they measure what is important to these communities to determine whether improvements have been made.