bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of mechanical behavior of a reinf orced concrete column-short corbel assembly strengthened by bonding a CFRF
Authors: Stankov V , Ivanova I , Assih J , Dontchev D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study a numerical simulation is developed using finite element (FE) software Abaqus, to assess and simulate the structural behavior of reinforced concrete column - short corbel assembly strengthened by bonding composite materials The objective of the presented simulation is to reproduce the behavior of the considered structure as the displacements, strain, the mode of damages, the cracks propagation, the ultimate force, and the behavior of the main reinforcements, obtained from the experimental study. “Concrete Damage Plasticity” (CDP) has been used for modeling concrete. It combines the damage and the plasticity models and it reproduces failure modes that are based on tensile cracking and compression crushing. The perfectly plastic elastic behavior of steel was introduced in this study. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Fabrics (CFRF) was assumed as a linear elastic orthotropic material. The mechanical behavior of the composite material, in the elastic stage, was defined as “Lamina” and the properties were obtained by the “Rule of mixture”. The “Hashin Damage” failure criteria were also used for composite materials. The surface contact between the concrete and the composite material was developed through the cohesive zone model. The loading of the structure was done by displacement control for all developed models. This allows us to go further and study the influence of various parameters on the behavior such as the number of layers of bonding reinforcement, and the type of composite material. The optimal reinforcement is obtained by the wrapping of three layers of unidirectional carbon fiber fabrics.
Review of ultrafast laser ablation for sensing and photonic applications
Authors: Byram Chandu , Moram Sree Satya Bharati , Banerjee Dipanjan , Beeram Reshma , Rathod Jagannath , Soma Venugopal Rao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since its discovery, the laser ablation in liquid (LAL) technique has engrossed significant attention from the research community. It is gradually becoming a fascinating fabrication technique to synthesize nanostructures (NSs) of diverse morphologies on solid targets as well as nanoparticles (NPs) with distinct shapes/sizes in a single attempt. Moreover, this technique has a plethora of advantages over the chemical routes, such as simplicity, robustness, and purity of the produced NPs/NSs, as well as the circumvention of stabilizing reagents and/or chemical precursors during the synthesis procedure. The present review focuses on our research group’s significant contributions and achievements over the past 10 years on laser-synthesized nanomaterials and their applications in sensing using the technique of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and third-order nonlinear optics/photonics. We highlight in the first section the governing mechanisms involved in the LAL technique with laser pulses of different duration such as nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond. The subsequent section discusses the effect of input laser pulse parameters (wavelength, fluence, pulse duration, reputation rate, and the number of pulses) as well as surrounding ambience (air and liquid) on the morphological changes of the substrate’s surfaces used in the production of NPs and surface NSs. The later section of this review describes the overview of LAL applications with particular emphasis on surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based hazardous materials sensing and nonlinear optics/photonics.
Jacobi-type algorithms for homogeneous polynomial optimization on Stiefel manifolds with applications to tensor approximations
Authors: Sheng Zhou , Li Jianze , Ni Qin 
Published: February 2023

This paper mainly studies the gradient-based Jacobi-type algorithms to maximize two classes of homogeneous polynomials with orthogonality constraints, and establish their convergence properties. For the first class of homogeneous polynomials subject to a constraint on a Stiefel manifold, we reformulate it as an optimization problem on a unitary group, which makes it possible to apply the gradient-based Jacobi-type (Jacobi-G) algorithm. Then, if the subproblem can always be represented as a quadratic form, we establish the global convergence of Jacobi-G under any one of three conditions. The convergence result for the first condition is an easy extension of the result by Usevich, Li, and Comon [SIAM J. Optim. 30 (2020), pp. 2998–3028], while other two conditions are new ones. This algorithm and the convergence properties apply to the well-known joint approximate symmetric tensor diagonalization. For the second class of homogeneous polynomials subject to constraints on the product of Stiefel manifolds, we reformulate it as an optimization problem on the product of unitary groups, and then develop a new gradient-based multiblock Jacobi-type (Jacobi-MG) algorithm to solve it. We establish the global convergence of Jacobi-MG under any one of the above three conditions, if the subproblem can always be represented as a quadratic form. This algorithm and the convergence properties are suitable to the well-known joint approximate tensor diagonalization. As the proximal variants of Jacobi-G and Jacobi-MG, we also propose the Jacobi-GP and Jacobi-MGP algorithms, and establish their global convergence without any further condition. Some numerical results are provided indicating the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
ECETOC TRAv3: An In-depth Comparison of Publicly Available Measurement Data Sets With Modelled Estimates of Occupational Inhalation Exposure to Chemicals
Authors: Savic Nenad , Urbanus Jan , Henschel Oliver , Li Qiang , Marsh Dave , Money Chris , Noij Dook , van de Sandt Paul , van Rooij Joost , Wormuth Matthias 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, 129 exposure situations (ESs) with six or more measured inhalation exposures to dust from solids or vapour from liquids in occupational settings were compared with modelled European Centre of Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) targeted risk assessment tool, version 3 (TRAv3) estimates. The measurement data were extracted from previously published studies examining TRAv3 performance and pooled into a curated database. The comparison exercise focussed on the vapour exposure scenarios, as there were too few dust scenarios for a meaningful analysis of any required model corrections. A group of experts in the exposure modelling field retrieved and reviewed the input parameters used in these ESs. Where considered appropriate, modifications were applied to better match the input parameter definitions and the scope of applicability of the TRAv3. Differences and mean absolute error (MAE) were calculated between the log-transformed modelled exposure value and the 75th percentile of each measured data set and regression analysis was performed. The results indicated that the TRAv3 overestimated 80% of the measured data sets. Both over- and underestimations were mostly by factors 1–5. The calculated MAE for liquids was 0.7, indicating that on average the difference between the 75th percentile and the TRAv3 estimate was less than one order of magnitude. A multiple linear regression showed that some input parameters such as medium volatility, certain process categories (PROC), industrial setting, and the presence of local exhaust ventilation are associated with underestimations. The results of the regression analysis can be used by TRAv3 users to review the degree of over- or underestimation in their current exposure assessments, compared to the curated database. Although multiple linear regression is an appropriate methodology to characterize the TRAv3’s performance, more data sets are still needed in view of some remaining data gaps. Nevertheless, the results of the current analysis are being used by ECETOC to further develop the tool as a suitably conservative screening tool for use in REACH chemical safety assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals.
Bilateral deafness, diabetes, and different types of cardiomyopathy in family members with m.3243A &gt; g mutation: a case report
Authors: Seiler Florian , Ruile Philipp , Moser Martin , Helbing Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe point mutation at position 3243 in the mitochondrial MT-TL1 gene (m.3243A &gt; G) is a rare cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Information about HCM progression over time and occurrence of different cardiomyopathies in m.3243A &gt; G carriers of the same family is still lacking.Case summaryA 48-year-old male patient was admitted to a tertiary care hospital with chest pain and dyspnoea. Bilateral hearing loss required hearing aids at the age of 40. A short PQ interval, narrow QRS complex, and inverted T-waves in lateral leads were present on the electrocardiogram. HbA1c of 7.3 mmol/L indicated prediabetes. Echocardiography excluded valvular heart disease and detected non-obstructive HCM with slightly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (48%). Coronary artery disease was ruled out by coronary angiography. Myocardial fibrosis determined by repeated cardiac MRI progressed over time. Endomyocardial biopsy excluded storage disease, Fabry disease, and infiltrative and inflammatory cardiac disease. Genetic testing revealed m.3243A &gt; G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene associated with mitochondrial disease. Clinical evaluation and genetic testing of the patients’ family revealed five genotype-positive relatives with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes including deafness, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy.DiscussionIn patients with unexplained symmetric HCM with heterogenic clinical phenotypes at the organ levels, mitochondrial disease should be taken into consideration, particularly in the context of matrilinear transmission. m.3243A &gt; G mutation is associated with mitochondrial disease in the index patient and five family members and leads to the diagnosis of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness with intra-familial variability of different cardiomyopathy forms.
Taxonomically Restricted Genes inBacillusmay Form Clusters of Homologs and Can be Traced to a Large Reservoir of Noncoding Sequences
Authors: Karlowski Wojciech M , Varshney Deepti , Zielezinski Andrzej 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTaxonomically restricted genes (TRGs) are unique for a defined group of organisms and may act as potential genetic determinants of lineage-specific, biological properties. Here, we explore the TRGs of highly diverse and economically important Bacillus bacteria by examining commonly used TRG identification parameters and data sources. We show the significant effects of sequence similarity thresholds, composition, and the size of the reference database in the identification process. Subsequently, we applied stringent TRG search parameters and expanded the identification procedure by incorporating an analysis of noncoding and non-syntenic regions of non-Bacillus genomes. A multiplex annotation procedure minimized the number of false-positive TRG predictions and showed nearly one-third of the alleged TRGs could be mapped to genes missed in genome annotations. We traced the putative origin of TRGs by identifying homologous, noncoding genomic regions in non-Bacillus species and detected sequence changes that could transform these regions into protein-coding genes. In addition, our analysis indicated that Bacillus TRGs represent a specific group of genes mostly showing intermediate sequence properties between genes that are conserved across multiple taxa and nonannotated peptides encoded by open reading frames.
Modeling the genetic footprint of fluctuating balancing selection: from the local to the genomic scale
Authors: Wittmann Meike J , Mousset Sylvain , Hermisson Joachim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Natural selection not only affects the actual loci under selection but also leaves “footprints” in patterns of genetic variation in linked genetic regions. This offers exciting opportunities for inferring selection and for understanding the processes shaping levels of genetic variation in natural populations. Here, we develop analytical approximations based on coalescent theory to characterize the genetic footprint of a complex, but potentially common type of natural selection: balancing selection with seasonally fluctuating allele frequencies. As we show analytically and confirm with stochastic simulations, seasonal allele frequency fluctuations can have important (and partly unexpected) consequences for the genetic footprint of balancing selection. Fluctuating balancing selection generally leads to an increase in genetic diversity close to the selected site, the effect of balancing selection, but reduces diversity further away from the selected site, which is a consequence of the allele-frequency fluctuations effectively producing recurrent bottlenecks of allelic backgrounds. This medium- and long-range reduction usually outweighs the short-range increase when averaging diversity levels across the entire chromosome. Strong fluctuating balancing selection even induces a loss of genetic variation in unlinked regions, e.g. on different chromosomes. If many loci in the genome are simultaneously under fluctuating balancing selection this can lead to substantial genome-wide reductions in genetic diversity, even when allele-frequency fluctuations are small and local footprints are difficult to detect. Thus, together with genetic drift, selective sweeps and background selection, fluctuating selection could be a major force shaping levels of genetic diversity in natural populations.
Artificial intelligence and civil liability—do we need a new regime?
Authors: Soyer Baris , Tettenborn Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is almost ubiquitous, featuring innumerable facets of daily life. For all its advantages, however, it carries risks of harm. In this article, we discuss how the law of tort should deal with these risks. We take account of the need for any proposed scheme of liability to protect the existing values of tort law without acting as a barrier to innovation. To this end, we propose a strict liability regime in respect of personal injury and death, and a bespoke fault-based regime for dignitary or reputational injuries. For other losses, we take the view that there is no justification for introducing any new regime, on the basis that AI applications do not introduce substantial added degrees of risk that would justify departing from the existing scheme of liability arising under the current law of tort.
Xenos vesparum(Strepsiptera: Xenidae)—A New Insect Model and Its Endoparasitic Secondary Larva
Authors: Weingardt Michael , Beutel Rolf Georg , Pohl Hans 
Published: February 2023

AbstractXenos vesparum of the highly specialized Strepsiptera is a new insect model in the context of host-parasite relationships. The endoparasitic female and male secondary larvae were studied using µCT, 3D-reconstructions, histology, and photomicrography. The infectious primary larva is followed by a trophic and endoparasitic secondary larval stage. In contrast to immature stages of other holometabolous groups, the second instar increases dramatically in size. Compound eyes and external wing anlagen are present in male larvae before the pupal stage. In contrast to the females, the brain of males bears well-developed optic neuropils and retinula cells are present. The cephalothorax is comparatively simple in the female larvae, yet distinctly more complex than in the adult, where most muscles are reduced. Large testes are present in male larvae and numerous oocytes in the females, but they are still immature. The larval features are discussed in the context of holome­tabolous development and heterochronic processes. Unique features of Strepsiptera are the early differentiation of the sexes and the occurrence of compound eyes and external wing anlagen in male secondary larvae. The phylogenetic position of Strepsiptera suggests that this is a secondary feature and thus an autapomorphy. To address mature females of Stylopidia as neotenic adults is an oversimplification. They display a mosaic pattern of paedomorphic characters such as features of the nervous system and the presence of stemmata, but also non-paedomorphic structures, such as the spiracles.
Divergent Effects of Budgeting for Gifts versus Personal Purchases
Authors: Choe Yuna , Kan Christina , Polman Evan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Consumers often set budgets with the goal to minimize their spending. Contrary to this traditional interpretation, our research suggests that budgets can take on a different psychological meaning depending on whether the budget is for a personal or gift purchase. Across 11 studies, we find that consumers aim to spend below their budgets for personal purchases (budget minimizing) but aim to spend the entirety of their budgets for gift purchases (budget maximizing). We differentiate budget maximizing from spending maximizing, showing that gift purchasers are more likely to prefer “at-budget” than “above-budget” purchases. We also show that gift purchasers have weaker savings goals than personal purchasers—a difference that mediates the effect on their budget-minimizing and -maximizing tendencies. We explore multiple reasons that could explain why savings goals are less prevalent among gift purchasers and find an upstream role for price consciousness, guilt, and perceived specialness. Finally, we find that consumers’ preference for spending the entirety of their budgets on gifts was moderated by two separate factors: consumers’ budget slack and salience. Our research adds to the literatures on mental budgeting, gift giving, and self-other decisions.
Assessment of quality of life, school performance, and physical activity in adolescents with Familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Sezer Müge , Çelikel Elif , Ekici Tekin Zahide , Güngörer Vildan , Tekgöz Nilüfer , Karagöl Cüneyt , Coşkun Serkan , Kaplan Melike Mehveş , Öner Nimet , Polat Merve Cansu , Sezer Serdar , Acar Banu 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in school performance, school attendance, quality of life, and physical activity in adolescents with Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) compared to healthy controls.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-nine patients with FMF and 154 healthy controls between 13 and 18 years were included in the study. Demographic, school performance (according to grade point average), school absenteeism, and type and frequency of exercise were recorded. Quality of life was evaluated with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0.

Results
The mean age of FMF patients was 15.1 ± 2.7 years, and 69 patients (53.5%) were female. School performance was significantly higher in the control group compared to FMF patients (P &lt; 0.001). In the control group, there were significantly higher participants who engaged in professional sports (P &lt; 0.001). Patients with FMF had significantly lower self-reported PedsQL scores in school functioning, physical, and psychosocial health domains compared to those in the control group (P = 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, and P = 0.028, respectively).

Conclusions
FMF patients demonstrated lower school performance and quality-of-life scores compared to healthy controls. In addition to improving symptoms in chronic diseases, it is important to evaluate and improve the quality of life of patients in routine practice and to ensure psychosocial well-being.
A Threatening Tone: Homicide, Racial Threat Narratives, and the Historical Growth of Incarceration in the United States, 1926–2016
Authors: Duxbury Scott W 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates how homicide, racial threat, and media discourse interacted to shape the timing and persistence of prison growth in the United States. Drawing on Blumer’s classic work, I argue that media discourse circulates threat narratives that portray racial minorities as either economically, politically, or criminally threatening. Criminal threat narratives increase in response to highly salient crimes, like homicide, and exert institutionally specific pressures that increase incarceration. To evaluate these claims, I use machine learning to classify 1,026,862 news articles in accordance with economic, political, and criminal threat themes in a time series analysis of the national incarceration rate between 1926 and 2016. Results reveal that the period of prison growth is characterized by an influx of criminal threat narratives that coincides with increases in the homicide rate. Criminal threat narratives and the homicide rate both have sizable long-term effects on the incarceration rate, whereas economic and political threat narratives have little explanatory power. Further analyses show that criminal threat narratives account for roughly half of the effect of the homicide rate on incarceration, and that the homicide rate has an indirect effect on racial disparity in prison admissions by acting through criminal threat narratives. These findings support core theoretical claims and expand our understanding of the complex interaction between racial threat and homicide in the historical rise of incarceration.
Investigation of Frequency-Specific Loudness Discomfort Levels in Listeners With Migraine: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Mourgela Angeliki , Vikelis Michail , Reiss Joshua D. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli is a commonly reported symptom in listeners with migraine, yet it remains relatively unexplored in research. This study aims to investigate loudness discomfort levels in listeners with migraine, while identifying the frequencies most affected by the phenomenon.

Design:
To achieve this, the study compared just audible level and loudness discomfort level ranges between participants with and without migraine from the United Kingdom, Greece as well as the participant recruitment platform Prolific, across 13 frequencies from 100 to 12,000 Hz, through an online listening test.

Results:
Fifty-five participants with migraine and 49 participants without migraine from both countries and Prolific were included in the analysis, where threshold ranges between just audible and mildly uncomfortable levels were compared in 13 frequencies. Migraineur group participants presented significantly smaller ranges between just audible and mildly uncomfortable level, due to lower thresholds of mild discomfort in 12 of the 13 frequencies when compared with the nonmigraineur group participants. Participants taking the test during their migraine attack or aura presented a tendency for smaller ranges. In addition, participants with self-reported higher severity migraine exhibited bigger ranges compared with participants with low severity migraine within the migraineur group. No relationship between ranges and medication or migraine attack frequency within the migraineur group was observed.

Conclusions:
Results from the study demonstrate a tendency for the migraineur group to present lower thresholds of mild discomfort compared with the nonmigraineur group, aligning with previous studies while extending the phenomenon to more frequencies than those previously examined. Though the present study presented no relationship between ranges and medication or attack frequency, further research is required to investigate a potential link between these factors.