bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lower canal fill rate and unreestablished vertical femoral offset may increase the risk of the postoperative periprosthetic fractures after cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxiao , Ji Houlin , Wu Jiajun , Chen Haixiao , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2023

Background
Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) is one of the major causes of failure of hip arthroplasty with cementless stem; however, studies on the incidence and risk factors of PPFs after cementless hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures (FNFs) are lacking.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular FNFs. The demographic data were reviewed, Dorr classification was used to describe morphology of the femur, radiological parameters were measured including stem-shaft angle, canal fill ratio (CFR), canal flare index (CFI), morphologic cortical index (MCI), canal calcar ratio (CCR), and vertical and horizontal femoral offset.

Results
The sample comprised 10 men and 46 women (affected hip: left, 38; right, 18). The mean patient age was 82.82±10.61 (range, 69–93) years, and the mean hemiarthroplasty to PPFs time was 26.28±14.04 (range, 6.54–47.77) months. Seven (12.28%) patients had PPFs. A significant relationship was found between the incidence of PPF and CFR (p = 0.012), patients had a significantly smaller femoral stem CFR (0.76%±0.11%) than controls (0.85%±0.09%). The PPFs group had a significant shorter and unreestablished vertical femoral offset (p = 0.048).

Conclusions
A smaller femoral stem CFR associated with a potentially unacceptably high PPFs risk in uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced FNFs may result from mismatched prosthesis and bone dimensions in the elderly population, especially when accompanied by a poorly reestablished vertical femoral offset. With increasing evidence of the benefits of cemented fixation, a cemented stem for the treatment of displaced intracapsular FNFs is recommended for such a elderly frail population.
Revisiting flow augmentation bypass for cerebrovascular atherosclerotic vaso-occlusive disease: Single-surgeon series and review of the literature
Authors: Abdelgadir Jihad , Haskell-Mendoza Aden P. , Magno Amanda R. , Suarez Alexander D. , Antwi Prince , Raghavan Alankrita , Nelson Patricia , Yang Lexie Zidanyue , Jung Sin-Ho , Zomorodi Ali R. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
Despite advances in the nonsurgical management of cerebrovascular atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease, approximately 15–20% of patients remain at high risk for recurrent ischemia. The benefit of revascularization with flow augmentation bypass has been demonstrated in studies of Moyamoya vasculopathy. Unfortunately, there are mixed results for the use of flow augmentation in atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. We conducted a study to examine the efficacy and long term outcomes of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in patients with recurrent ischemia despite optimal medical management.

Methods
A single-institution retrospective review of patients receiving flow augmentation bypass from 2013–2021 was conducted. Patients with non-Moyamoya vaso-occlusive disease (VOD) who had continued ischemic symptoms or strokes despite best medical management were included. The primary outcome was time to post-operative stroke. Time from cerebrovascular accident to surgery, complications, imaging results, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were aggregated.

Results
Twenty patients met inclusion criteria. The median time from cerebrovascular accident to surgery was 87 (28–105.0) days. Only one patient (5%) had a stroke at 66 days post-op. One (5%) patient had a post-operative scalp infection, while 3 (15%) developed post-operative seizures. All 20 (100%) bypasses remained patent at follow-up. The median mRS score at follow up was significantly improved from presentation from 2.5 (1–3) to 1 (0–2), P = .013.

Conclusions
For patients with high-risk non-Moyamoya VOD who have failed optimal medical therapy, contemporary approaches to flow augmentation with STA-MCA bypass may prevent future ischemic events with a low complication rate.
Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
Authors: Tonelli Fernanda Maria Policarpo , Silva Christopher Santos , Delgado Vinicius Marx Silva , Tonelli Flávia Cristina Policarpo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This review addresses green algae-based gold (Au), iron (Fe), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) as eco-friendly nanomaterials to deal with biological, organic, and inorganic environmental contaminants. Among nanotechnological tools that can fully degrade, adsorb, and/or convert pollutants into less harmful structures, AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs deserve highlight for their efficiency and low cost. However, green protocols are preferable to produce them in an eco-friendly manner. Although phycosynthesis is still in its infancy, algae present various advantages as green raw materials to NPs’ synthesis; fast growth rate, low-energy input requirement, low costs, easy and eco-friendly cultivation, and high tolerance to metals are examples. To allow their large-scale application, however, challenges regarding obtaining sufficient biomaterial with good reproducibility, designing protocols to achieve desirable features on NPs, and recovering the biocompatible nanomaterial after use still need attention. Perspectives for the field involve surpassing these limitations, broadening knowledge on synthesis mechanisms, protocols, and new species useful to offer, in the future, commercial eco-friendly, and low-cost phycosynthesized AuNPs, AgNPs, and FeNPs to nanoremediation. The potential of these NPs to deal with environmental contaminants, their advantageous characteristics and biocompatibility, the main limitations associated with their large-scale application, and future prospects for the field will receive attention.
Non-tariff Measures and Regulatory Alignment in a North-South Context: Assessing Compliance Costs for Tunisian Agriculture under the EU-Tunisia Free Trade Agreement (ALECA)
Authors: Tröster Bernhard , von Arnim Rudiger , Raza Werner , Chandoul Jihen , Ben Rouine Chafik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon-Tariff Measures (NTMs) are usually defined as trade costs. Their reduction through regulatory alignment increases trade and could thus be beneficial for countries concerned. NTMs include any regulations at and behind the border (i.e. domestic regulations) that may have an impact on trade. This view of NTMs does not account for potential benefits on public policy goals, welfare, value addition and trade flows. Further,asymmetricalNTM alignment between countries with strongly divergent regulatory standards will cause adjustment and compliance costs. Here we integrate the effects of compliance costs for producers emerging from regulatory alignment into the ‘ÖFSE Global Trade’ model. We use the ongoing negotiations on the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement between the EU and Tunisia (ALECA) to empirically assess the compliance costs for Tunisian agricultural producers to align to EU standards and model potential economic impacts. Scenario designs for our simulation analysis build on firm surveys. Results show that North-South trade agreements with asymmetrical regulatory alignment involve substantial adjustment costs for Southern producers and lead to losses in exports, value-added and employment, resulting in high economic and social costs that need to be weighed by policy-makers against any perceived long run gains from regulatory alignment.
Data analysis with performance and privacy enhanced classification
Authors: Tajanpure Rupali , Muddana Akkalakshmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Privacy is the main concern in cyberspace because, every single click of a user on Internet is recognized and analyzed for different purposes like credit card purchase records, healthcare records, business, personalized shopping store experience to the user, deciding marketing strategy, and the list goes on. Here, the user’s personal information is considered a risk process. Though data mining applications focus on statistically useful patterns and not on the personal data of individuals, there is a threat of unrestricted access to individual records. Also, it is necessary to maintain the secrecy of data while retaining the accuracy of data classification and quality as well. For real-time applications, the data analytics carried out should be time efficient. Here, the proposed Convolution-based Privacy Preserving Algorithm (C-PPA) transforms the input into lower dimensions while preserving privacy which leads to better mining accuracy. The proposed algorithm is evaluated over different privacy-preserving metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-measure. Simulations carried out show that the average increment in the accuracy of C-PPA is 14.15 for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier when compared with results without C-PPA. Overlap-add C-PPA is proposed for parallel processing which is based on overlap-add convolution. It shows an average accuracy increment of 12.49 for CNN. The analytics show that the algorithm benefits regarding privacy preservation, data utility, and performance. Since the algorithm works on lowering the dimensions of data, the communication cost over the Internet is also reduced.
Decreased Ventral Tegmental Area CB1R Signaling Reduces Sign Tracking and Shifts Cue–Outcome Dynamics in Rat Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Bacharach Sam Z. , Martin David A. , Stapf Cassie A. , Sun Fangmiao , Li Yulong , Cheer Joseph F. , Calu Donna J. 
Published: May 2023

Sign-tracking (ST) rats show enhanced cue sensitivity before drug experience that predicts greater discrete cue-induced drug seeking compared with goal-tracking or intermediate rats. Cue-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a neurobiological signature of sign-tracking behaviors. Here, we examine a critical regulator of the dopamine system, endocannabinoids, which bind the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to control cue-evoked striatal dopamine levels. We use cell type-specific optogenetics, intra-VTA pharmacology, and fiber photometry to test the hypothesis that VTA CB1R receptor signaling regulates NAc dopamine levels to control sign tracking. We trained male and female rats in a Pavlovian lever autoshaping (PLA) task to determine their tracking groups before testing the effect of VTA → NAc dopamine inhibition. We found that this circuit is critical for mediating the vigor of the ST response. Upstream of this circuit, intra-VTA infusions of rimonabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, during PLA decrease lever and increase food cup approach in sign-trackers. Using fiber photometry to measure fluorescent signals from a dopamine sensor, GRABDA(AAV9-hSyn-DA2m), we tested the effects of intra-VTA rimonabant on NAc dopamine dynamics during autoshaping in female rats. We found that intra-VTA rimonabant decreased sign-tracking behaviors, which was associated with increases in NAc shell, but not core, dopamine levels during reward delivery [unconditioned stimulus (US)]. Our results suggest that CB1R signaling in the VTA influences the balance between the conditioned stimulus-evoked and US-evoked dopamine responses in the NAc shell and biases behavioral responding to cues in sign-tracking rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubstance use disorder (SUD) is a chronically relapsing psychological disorder that affects a subset of individuals who engage in drug use. Recent research suggests that there are individual behavioral and neurobiological differences before drug experience that predict SUD and relapse vulnerabilities. Here, we investigate how midbrain endocannabinoids regulate a brain pathway that is exclusively involved in driving cue-motivated behaviors of sign-tracking rats. This work contributes to our mechanistic understanding of individual vulnerabilities to cue-triggered natural reward seeking that have relevance for drug-motivated behaviors.
Fast and Slow Rhythms of Naturalistic Reading Revealed by Combined Eye-Tracking and Electroencephalography
Authors: Henke Lena , Lewis Ashley G. , Meyer Lars 
Published: May 2023

Neural oscillations are thought to support speech and language processing. They may not only inherit acoustic rhythms, but might also impose endogenous rhythms onto processing. In support of this, we here report that human (both male and female) eye movements during naturalistic reading exhibit rhythmic patterns that show frequency-selective coherence with the EEG, in the absence of any stimulation rhythm. Periodicity was observed in two distinct frequency bands: First, word-locked saccades at 4-5 Hz display coherence with whole-head theta-band activity. Second, fixation durations fluctuate rhythmically at ∼1 Hz, in coherence with occipital delta-band activity. This latter effect was additionally phase-locked to sentence endings, suggesting a relationship with the formation of multi-word chunks. Together, eye movements during reading contain rhythmic patterns that occur in synchrony with oscillatory brain activity. This suggests that linguistic processing imposes preferred processing time scales onto reading, largely independent of actual physical rhythms in the stimulus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe sampling, grouping, and transmission of information are supported by rhythmic brain activity, so-called neural oscillations. In addition to sampling external stimuli, such rhythms may also be endogenous, affecting processing from the inside out. In particular, endogenous rhythms may impose their pace onto language processing. Studying this is challenging because speech contains physical rhythms that mask endogenous activity. To overcome this challenge, we turned to naturalistic reading, where text does not require the reader to sample in a specific rhythm. We observed rhythmic patterns of eye movements that are synchronized to brain activity as recorded with EEG. This rhythmicity is not imposed by the external stimulus, which indicates that rhythmic brain activity may serve as a pacemaker for language processing.
Abstract Value Encoding in Neural Populations But Not Single Neurons
Authors: Fine Justin M. , Maisson David J.-N. , Yoo Seng Bum Michael , Cash-Padgett Tyler V. , Wang Maya Zhe , Zimmermann Jan , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: May 2023

An important open question in neuroeconomics is how the brain represents the value of offers in a way that is both abstract (allowing for comparison) and concrete (preserving the details of the factors that influence value). Here, we examine neuronal responses to risky and safe options in five brain regions that putatively encode value in male macaques. Surprisingly, we find no detectable overlap in the neural codes used for risky and safe options, even when the options have identical subjective values (as revealed by preference) in any of the regions. Indeed, responses are weakly correlated and occupy distinct (semi-orthogonal) encoding subspaces. Notably, however, these subspaces are linked through a linear transform of their constituent encodings, a property that allows for comparison of dissimilar option types. This encoding scheme allows these regions to multiplex decision related processes: they can encode the detailed factors that influence offer value (here, risky and safety) but also directly compare dissimilar offer types. Together these results suggest a neuronal basis for the qualitatively different psychological properties of risky and safe options and highlight the power of population geometry to resolve outstanding problems in neural coding.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo make economic choices, we must have some mechanism for comparing dissimilar offers. We propose that the brain uses distinct neural codes for risky and safe offers, but that these codes are linearly transformable. This encoding scheme has the dual advantage of allowing for comparison across offer types while preserving information about offer type, which in turn allows for flexibility in changing circumstances. We show that responses to risky and safe offers exhibit these predicted properties in five different reward-sensitive regions. Together, these results highlight the power of population coding principles for solving representation problems in economic choice.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Exercise Capacity in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction and the Role of Percentage of Delayed Enhancement Measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Predicting Therapeutic Response: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Nugara Cinzia , Giallauria Francesco , Vitale Giuseppe , Sarullo Silvia , Gentile Giovanni , Clemenza Francesco , Lo Voi Annamaria , Zarcone Antonino , Venturini Elio , Iannuzzo Gabriella , Coats Andrew JS , Sarullo Filippo M 
Published: May 2023

Background: This study aims to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of sacubitril/valsartan therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), investigating a possible correlation with the degree of myocardial fibrosis, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance. Methods: A total of 134 outpatients with HFrEF were enrolled. Results: After a mean follow-up of 13.3 ± 6.6 months, an improvement in ejection fraction and a reduction in E/A ratio, inferior vena cava size and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were observed. At follow-up, we observed an increase in VO2 peak of 16% (p<0.0001) and in O2 pulse of 13% (p=0.0002) as well as an improvement in ventilatory response associated with a 7% reduction in the VE/VCO2 slope (p=0.0001). An 8% increase in the ΔVO2/Δ work ratio and an 18% increase in exercise tolerance were also observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main predictors of events during follow-up were VE/VCO2 slope >34 (OR 3.98; 95% CI [1.59–10.54]; p=0.0028); ventilatory oscillatory pattern (OR 4.65; 95% CI [1.55–16.13]; p=0.0052); and haemoglobin level (OR 0.35; 95% CI [0.21–0.55]; p<0.0001). In patients who had cardiac magnetic resonance, when delayed enhancement >4.6% was detected, a lower response after sacubitril/valsartan therapy was observed as expressed by improvement in ΔVO2 peak, O2 pulse, LVEF and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. No significant differences were observed in ΔVO2/Δ work and VE/VCO2 slope. Conclusion: Sacubitril/valsartan improves cardiopulmonary functional capacity in HFrEF patients. The presence of myocardial fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance is a predictor of response to therapy.
Glycolysis process activation in preserved red blood cells by nanotechnological treatment of resuspending solutions
Authors: Belousov A. N. , Malygon E. I. , Kalynychenko T. O. , Belousova E. Y. , Yavorskiy V. V. , Anoshyna M. Y. 
Published: May 2023

Currently, the use of nanotechnology opens up new opportunities to influence the processes of anaerobic glycolysis and the activity of hexose monophosphate reactions in preserved erythrocytes. Components containing donor red blood cells on CPDA-1 preservative were examined. Modified solutions of 0.9% NaCl and with 5% glucose were used as resuspending solutions. The solutions were treated with magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB brand) by the Belousov method. The amounts of 2,3-DPG, ATP, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were determined by spectrophotometry. This study opens up new possibilities for increasing the shelf life and functional activity of preserved erythrocytes. The study showed a reliable increase in ATP and reduced glutathione, a decrease in 2,3-DPG and glutathione peroxidase. It was found that the activation of anaerobic glycolysis was less pronounced in tests with modified physiological saline than in tests with glucose solution. On the contrary, the pentose glucose oxidation cycle prevailed. A comprehensive analysis of the data obtained indicates the membrane-protective effect of the modified resuspending solutions. The membrane-protective effect is due to an increase in ATP and reduced glutathione, which ensures the redox potential of the cell in an equilibrium state. Magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB) change the mobility and orientation of hydrogen protons in resuspending solutions. This polarizes the aqueous sector of the erythrocyte microenvironment due to van der Waals forces, which is the main reason for activation of ATP phosphate residue hydrolysis and switching of intracellular enzymes regulating anaerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycle into the active state. As a result, transmembrane metabolism and metabolism change, the energy state of erythrocytes changes, and enzymes are activated. All this has a significant impact on the energy supply of preserved red blood cells and preservation of their functional activity under storage conditions at 2 to 6 ºС.
Prophylactic efficiency of the administration of vitamin, mineral and sorbent complexes on bone tissue in female rats against the background of chronic alcohol consumption
Authors: Makarenko O. A. , Kika V. V. , Khodakov I. V. , Khromagina L. M. 
Published: May 2023

Among the general effects of alcohol use, it has a negative effect on the bone system, so the development of prevention methods is becoming an increasingly urgent problem. The present study was aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the preventive complexes for the bone system in chronic alcohol intoxication. The study was conducted on 2-month-old female rats for 104 days. Chronic alcoholism in animals was simulated by replacing drinking water with an ethanol solution, the concentration of which was gradually increased from 8–25%. The prophylactic was administered by introducing into the diet a complex of vitamins (P, C, D) and minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, Se, Mn), the main component of which was crushed oyster shells processed with citric acid. The second prophylactic complex was the clay mineral montmorillonite in combination with vitamins P, C, D. The biochemical markers of resorption (elastase and acid phosphatase activity), osteogenesis (calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity) and the state of the antioxidant system (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase activity, malondialdehyde content) were determined in bones (jaws and femurs). Chronic alcohol consumption led to an increase in the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process, a decrease in femur bone density due to a decrease in the mineral component in bone tissue, and did not affect the state of the lumbar vertebrae. Chronic alcohol intoxication led to a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood serum of rats, and to a decrease in the alkaline phosphatase activity and the calcium content in the bone tissue of the jaws and femur against the background of increases in the activities of acid phosphatase and elastase. A significant decrease in the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in bone tissue of animals against the background of an increase in the malondialdehyde content under conditions of chronic alcoholization has been established. The use of the complex with crushed oyster shells effectively prevented atrophy ofthe alveolar process in the jaws, did not affect the morphometric parameters in the femur and vertebrae, but normalized the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and catalase, bone elastase, acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase against the background of restoring the levels of calcium and malondialdehyde both in the serum and in the bone tissue of rats subjected to chronic alcoholization. Prophylactic administration of the vitamin complex with montmorillonite had a much weaker effect on the studied indicators. The obtained research results allow us to conclude that the osteoprotective and antioxidant efficiency of the complex with crushed oyster shells is more pronounced than that of montmorillonite under conditions of chronic alcohol intoxication.