bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness distribution in early Pleistocene Homo antecessor maxillary premolars (Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Martín‐Francés Laura , Martinón‐Torres María , de Pinillos Marina Martínez , Xing Song , Soligo Christophe , García‐Campos Cecilia , Modesto‐Mata Mario , de Castro José María Bermúdez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesBoth morphometric and proteomic studies have revealed the close relationship of Homo antecessor with Neanderthals and H. sapiens. Considering this relationship, we aim to characterize the Early Pleistocene Atapuerca‐Gran Dolina (TD6) maxillary premolars to test if their pattern of enamel thickness is shared with Neanderthals or H. sapiens.Materials and MethodsWe employed microcomputed tomography to estimate 2D and 3D tissue proportions in seven H. antecessor maxillary premolars, belonging to two individuals: H1 and H3, and compared them to a sample of extinct and extant Homo populations of African, Asian and European origin (n = 52).ResultsOur results reveal a different pattern of enamel thickness between the Atapuerca‐Gran Dolina two individuals. While TD6‐H1 possesses thin‐enameled crowns, with a clear affinity with Neanderthals, TD6‐H3 exhibits the thick pattern, a trait shared with the majority of fossil hominins and H. sapiens.DiscussionThis work provides new data on upper premolar enamel thickness in H. antecessor. By documenting both a thin and a thick pattern of enamel thickness in the TD6 sample, we warn about the taxonomic utility of this feature in the characterization of isolated remains. We suggest that the thin enamel condition would have emerged during the Early Pleistocene and it became the most frequent and typical condition in Neanderthals. Possible causes for the pattern observed in TD6 include sexual dimorphism or presence of two populations in the sample; however, population variability is the most plausible explanation with a character expression intermediate between those of Neanderthals and other members of the genus Homo. This interpretation is compatible with the phylogenetic position of H. antecessor close to the ancestor of Neanderthals and H. sapiens.
Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium
Authors: Sell Elizabeth A. , Tan Li Hui , Lin Cailu , Bosso John V. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Lee Robert J. , Kohanski Michael A. , Reed Danielle R. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuccinate, although most famous for its role in the Krebs cycle, can be released extracellularly as a signal of cellular distress, particularly in situations of metabolic stress and inflammation. Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) express SUCNR1, the succinate receptor, and modulate type 2 inflammatory responses in helminth and protozoal infections in the small intestine. SCCs are the dominant epithelial source of interleukin‐25, as well as an important source of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airway, and have been implicated as upstream agents in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma.MethodsIn this study, we used scRNAseq analysis, live cell imaging of intracellular calcium from primary sinonasal air‐liquid interface (ALI) cultures from 1 donor, and measure antimicrobial peptide release from 5 donors to demonstrate preliminary evidence suggesting that succinate can act as a stimulant of SCCs in the human sinonasal epithelium.ResultsResults from scRNAseq analysis show that approximately 10% of the SCC/ionocyte cluster of cells expressed SUCNR1 as well as a small population of immune cells. Using live cell imaging of intracellular calcium, we also demonstrate that clusters of cells on primary sinonasal ALI cultures initiated calcium‐mediated signaling in response to succinate stimulation. Furthermore, we present evidence that primary sinonasal ALI cultures treated with succinate had increased levels of apical beta‐defensin 2, an antimicrobial peptide, compared to treatment with a control solution.ConclusionOverall, these findings demonstrate the need for further investigation into the activation of the sinonasal epithelium by succinate in the pathogenesis of CRS.
Mayo‐PACC: A parsimonious preclinical Alzheimer's disease cognitive composite comprised of public‐domain measures to facilitate clinical translation
Authors: Stricker Nikki H. , Twohy Erin L. , Albertson Sabrina M. , Karstens Aimee J. , Kremers Walter K. , Machulda Mary M. , Fields Julie A. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Mielke Michelle M. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to define a Mayo Preclinical Alzheimer's disease Cognitive Composite (Mayo‐PACC) that prioritizes parsimony and use of public domain measures to facilitate clinical translation.MethodsCognitively unimpaired participants aged 65 to 85 at baseline with amyloid PET imaging were included, yielding 428 amyloid negative (A‐) and 186 amyloid positive (A+) individuals with 7 years mean follow‐up. Sensitivity to amyloid‐related cognitive decline was examined using slope estimates derived from linear mixed models (difference in annualized change across A+ and A‐ groups). We compared differences in rates of change between Mayo‐PACC and other composites (A+ > A‐ indicating more significant decline in A+).ResultsAll composites showed sensitivity to amyloid‐related longitudinal cognitive decline (A+ > A‐ annualized change p < 0.05). Comparisons revealed that Mayo‐PACC (AVLT sum of trials 1‐5+6+delay, Trails B, animal fluency) showed comparable longitudinal sensitivity to other composites.DiscussionMayo‐PACC performs similarly to other composites and can be directly translated to the clinic.
Biomarkers of Migraine and Cluster Headache: Differences and Similarities
Authors: Messina Roberta , Sudre Carole H. , Wei Diana Y. , Filippi Massimo , Ourselin Sebastien , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers that differentiate migraine from cluster headache patients and imaging features that are shared.MethodsClinical, functional, and structural MRI data were obtained from 20 migraineurs, 20 cluster headache patients, and 15 healthy controls. Support vector machine algorithms and a stepwise removal process were used to discriminate headache patients from controls, and subgroups of patients. Regional between‐group differences and association between imaging features and patients' clinical characteristics were also investigated.ResultsThe accuracy for classifying headache patients from controls was 80%. The classification accuracy for discrimination between migraine and controls was 89%, and for cluster headache and controls it was 98%. For distinguishing cluster headache from migraine patients, the MRI classifier yielded an accuracy of 78%, whereas MRI–clinical combined classification model achieved an accuracy of 99%. Bilateral hypothalamic and periaqueductal gray (PAG) functional networks were the most important MRI features in classifying migraine and cluster headache patients from controls. The left thalamic network was the most discriminative MRI feature in classifying migraine from cluster headache patients. Compared to migraine, cluster headache patients showed decreased functional interaction between the left thalamus and cortical areas mediating interoception and sensory integration. The presence of restlessness was the most important clinical feature in discriminating the two groups of patients.InterpretationFunctional biomarkers, including the hypothalamic and PAG networks, are shared by migraine and cluster headache patients. The thalamocortical pathway may be the neural substrate that differentiates migraine from cluster headache attacks with their distinct clinical features. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:729–742
Charge‐Segregated Stacking Structure with Anisotropic Electric Conductivity in NIR‐Absorbing and Emitting Positively Charged π‐Electronic Systems
Authors: Yamasumi Kazuhisa , Ueda Kentaro , Haketa Yohei , Hattori Yusuke , Suda Masayuki , Seki Shu , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku , Ikemura Ryoya , Imai Yoshitane , Ishibashi Yukihide , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Kazuto , Maeda Hiromitsu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSquarylium‐based π‐electronic cation with an augmented dipole was synthesized by methylation of zwitterionic squarylium. The cation formed various ion pairs in combination with anions, and the ion pairs exhibited distinct photophysical properties in the dispersed state, ascribed to the formation of J‐ and H‐aggregates. The ion pairs provided solid‐state assemblies based on cation stacking. It is noteworthy that complete segregation of cations and anions was observed in a pseudo‐polymorph of the ion pair with pentacyanocyclopentadienide as a π‐electronic anion. In the crystalline state, the ion pairs exhibited photophysical properties and electric conductivity derived from cation stacking. In particular, the charge‐segregated ion‐pairing assembly induces an electric conductive pathway along the stacking axis. The charge‐segregated mode and fascinating properties were derived from the reduced electrostatic repulsion between adjacent π‐electronic cations via dipole–dipole interactions.
On the Edge of the Known: Extremely Electron‐Rich (Di)Carboranyl Phosphines
Authors: Schulz Jan , Clauss Reike , Kazimir Aleksandr , Holzknecht Sieglinde , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe syntheses of the first B9‐connected carboranylphosphines (B9‐Phos) featuring two carboranyl moieties as well as access to B9‐Phos ligands with bulky electron‐donating substituents, previously deemed unattainable, is reported. The electrochemical properties of the B9‐Phos ligands were investigated, revealing the ability of the mesityl derivatives to form stabilized phosphoniumyl radical cations. The B9‐Phos ligands display an extremely electron‐releasing character surpassing that of alkyl phosphines and commonly used N‐heterocyclic carbenes. This is demonstrated by their very small Tolman electronic parameters (TEPs) as well as extremely low P−Se coupling constants. Cone angles and buried volumes attest to the high steric demand exerted by the (di)carboranyl phosphines. The dicarboranyl phosphine AuI complexes show superior catalytic performance in the hydroamination of alkynes compared to the monocarboranyl phosphine analogs.
Fabrication of eco‐friendly superhydrophobic and superoleophilic PHB‐SiO2 bionanofiber membrane for gravity‐driven oil/water separation
Authors: Sariipek Fatma Bayram , Gündoğdu Yasemin , Kiliç Hamdi Şükür 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, eco‐friendly superhydrophobic (SH) and superoleophilic (SO) poly (3‐hydroxybuthyrate) (PHB)‐SiO2 bio‐nanofiber membrane has been successfully fabricated for oil–water separation. Firstly, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been synthesized via green laser ablation technique. It was placed into PHB matrix in different contents by controlling the time of ablation and then PHB‐SiO2 nanofibrous mats were obtained on commercial stainless‐steel mesh with various mesh sizes by electrospinning method. The surface morphology and chemical structure of all obtained samples have been characterized by FT‐IR, FE‐SEM and HR‐TEM techniques. It has been observed that SiNPs obtained within 30 min ablation time, with an average size distribution between 10 nm and 200 nm with spherical shape have been uniformly anchored on PHB nanofibers. PHB‐SiO2 fibrous membrane has shown superhydrophobicity with maximum water contact angle of 160.23° and superoleophilicity with oil contact angle (OCA) of being nearly 0° in air. Later, SH and SO membranes were directly employed for oil water separation without using any chemical reagent or additional force, and maximum efficiency of separation higher than 99% has been measured. These results has indicated that environmental friendly PHB‐SiO2 bio‐nanofiber membrane offers high potential for using in gravity‐driven oil–water separation.
Nickel alginate‐enhanced fire safety of aluminum diethylphosphinate on epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Ping , Xu Ying‐Jun , Liu Yun , Zhu Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo attain superior fire safety epoxy resins (EP), aluminum diethylphosphonate (AlPi) and nickel alginate were incorporated to EP in different proportions. The synergistic flame retardant effects between AlPi and nickel alginate on fire safety and mechanical properties of EP were investigated in detail. EP/AlPi9.5‐Nickel Alginate0.5 acquired the UL‐94 V‐0 rating with the highest limiting oxygen index value (28.9%). Besides, the thermal decomposition behaviors of the samples were researched by thermogravimetric analysis, implying that EP/AlPi‐Nickel Alginate exhibited the better thermal stability and char‐forming ability. Compared with EP, the peak heat release rate and total heat release were declined by 58.3% and 12.8%. And the addition of nickel alginate reduced the release of smoke. In particular, the incorporation of AlPi and nickel alginate increased the impact strength, flexural strength and glass transition temperature of EP. In perspective, the synergistic effect of bio‐based nickel alginate and AlPi opens a practicable avenue in decreasing the fire risk and improving the mechanical properties of EP.
Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies on carbon‐coated and iodine‐doped LiFeBO3 as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Jeong Yujin , Kumar Rajeev , Lee Youngil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, monoclinic LiFeBO3 was carbon‐coated and iodine doped via a solid‐state reaction to improve the electrochemical performance of pristine LiFeBO3 as cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries. In order to enhance the electrical conductivity of LiFeBO3, the highly electronegative iodide anion was doped in a limited amount (x = 0.005) at the oxygen site of the borate to produce LiFeBO3−xI2x. A thin carbon layer was then deposited in situ on the LiFeBO2.995I0.01 particles (to produce “LFBI/C”) to protect them from air and moisture. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) data indicated the aggregated morphology of the synthesized samples. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and 7Li magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements revealed that both the doped and undoped LiFeBO3‐based samples had mainly monoclinic structures, although a small amount of a vonsenite‐type phase was formed upon iodine doping. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) data confirmed the successful insertion of iodine in the cathode material. The specific discharge capacity of LFBI/C at 0.05 C rate (144.68 mAh g−1) was higher than that of carbon‐coated LiFeBO3 (122.46 mAh g−1). The increased capacity of LFBI/C was also evident in long charge–discharge cycles conducted at 1 C rate and in the overall rate performance. Interestingly, the iodine‐doped sample exhibited significantly high specific discharge capacity even at 10 C rate.
Neural correlates of lexical stress processing in a foreign free‐stress language
Authors: Schwab Sandra , Mouthon Michael , Jost Lea B. , Salvadori Justine , Stefanos‐Yakoub Ilona , da Silva Eugénia Ferreira , Giroud Nathalie , Perriard Benoit , Annoni Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe paper examines the discrimination of lexical stress contrasts in a foreign language from a neural perspective. The aim of the study was to identify the areas associated with word stress processing (in comparison with vowel processing), when listeners of a fixed‐stress language have to process stress in a foreign free‐stress language.MethodsWe asked French‐speaking participants to process stress and vowel contrasts in Spanish, a foreign language that the participants did not know. Participants performed a discrimination task on Spanish word pairs differing either with respect to word stress (penultimate or final stressed word) or with respect to the final vowel while functional magnetic resonance imaging data was acquired.ResultsBehavioral results showed lower accuracy and longer reaction times for discriminating stress contrasts than vowel contrasts. The contrast Stress > Vowel revealed an increased bilateral activation of regions shown to be associated with stress processing (i.e., supplementary motor area, insula, middle/superior temporal gyrus), as well as a stronger involvement of areas related to more domain‐general cognitive control functions (i.e., bilateral inferior frontal gyrus). The contrast Vowel > Stress showed an increased activation in regions typically associated with the default mode network (known for decreasing its activity during attentionally more demanding tasks).ConclusionWhen processing Spanish stress contrasts as compared to processing vowel contrasts, native listeners of French activated to a higher degree anterior networks including regions related to cognitive control. They also show a decrease in regions related to the default mode network. These findings, together with the behavioral results, reflect the higher cognitive demand, and therefore, the larger difficulties, for French‐speaking listeners during stress processing as compared to vowel processing.
Exogenous recombinant Hsp70 attenuates sevoflurane anesthesia‐induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice
Authors: Xie Yongxiang , Huang Jianzhong , Chen Yijia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a severe postoperative neurological sequela in elderly patients, and there is currently no standard treatment for POCD. In this study, whether recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (rHsp70) could alleviate sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment in aged mice is investigated.MethodsTo determine the prophylactic effect of rHsp70 in sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction, aged mice were pretreated with different concentrations of rHsp70 (29.4, 58.8, and 117.6 μg/kg; intranasal injected; N = 12) every day for 1 week; then, 3% sevoflurane was utilized to anesthetize the aged mice. Cognitive function, neurotoxicity, and serum and hippocampal Hsp70 levels in aged mice undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia were assessed by the Morris water maze test and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of rHsp70 on inflammatory response were assessed by proinflammatory cytokine production and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation assays.ResultsWe found that aged mice exposed to sevoflurane showed reduced learning and memory ability and reduced Hsp70 expression, which were both restored by rHsp70 pretreatment. RHsp70 also reversed sevoflurane‐induced up‐regulated Bax and Bcl‐2 expression and interleukin‐1, IL‐6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 overproduction. Finally, rHsp70 pretreatment suppressed sevoflurane‐induced NF‐κB activation. Our study indicated that rHsp70 was sufficient to suppress sevoflurane‐induced cognitive decline and neurotoxicity.ConclusionOur important finding warrants further study on the clinical application of rHsp70 in elderly patients undergoing anesthesia.
Environmental design as a component of block‐based programming
Authors: Geng Zhirong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe research purpose is to analyze how block‐based programming, introduced in parallel with classical school education, will be an effective tool for developing environmental awareness among students. The research proposes a well‐developed theoretical program on environmental literacy and a practical Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) project creating an eco‐house model with a weather station and alternative energy sources in a regular secondary school in Shanghai. The sample involved school students of the seventh grade, equally divided into two groups: the control group (learnt only a theoretical program) and the experimental group (learnt both a theoretical program and a practical STEM project). At the end of the school year, students passed an environmental literacy test. The differences between the control and experimental groups were statistically significant. The experimental group has the advantage in all parameters: it has the highest scores and a large number of students who showed a high and very high level of knowledge. The results prove the methodology effectiveness of the experimental group in terms of developing sensitivity to the environment, cognitive abilities, ecological analysis, and preserving the environment. It was found that overall academic performance correlates significantly with both test scores and project scores. The highest scores were for the project, which indicates the effectiveness of block‐based programming in the learning of the experimental group, their implementation of new ideas based on the acquired knowledge, success in decision‐making, and experience that went beyond previous achievements.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG4 promotes the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through the miR‐211‐5p/CREB5 axis
Authors: Qiu Jiannan , Wang Peng , Chen Zheng , Zhou Yan , Zhang Guang , Wang Zhongxia , Wu Junhua , Zhu Qiang , Jiang Chunping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main death‐leading malignant tumors which deserve in‐depth explorations to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Plenty of proofs have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in malignancy and progression of HCC. Nevertheless, the definite role of lncRNA‐SNHG4 in HCC remains vague.MethodsTo figure out the role of SNHG4 in HCC, the bioinformatics analysis and functional assays and in vivo assay were performed.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) displayed that the higher expression of lncRNA SNHG4 was detected in HCC tissues, which predicted the poor prognosis. The upregulation of SNHG4 was positively associated with worse clinicopathological characteristics. The functional experiments were performed to identify the role of SNHG4 in HCC. We found that SNHG4 enhanced the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of HCC cell line, and facilitated the tumor growth in vivo. A series of follow‐up studies have shown that SNHG4 promoted the progression and malignancy of HCC through upregulating CREB5 via sponging miR‐211‐5p.ConclusionCollectively, the above findings suggest that SNHG4 promotes HCC malignancy through the SNHG4/miR‐211‐5p/CREB5 axis, providing potential therapeutic targets and prognostic factors for HCC.
Highlights

SNHG4 is overexpressed in HCC and correlated with the poor clinical characteristics

SNHG4 promotes the malignant progression of HCC by reducing miR‐211‐5p expression

MiR‐211‐5p inhibits CREB5 expression in HCC

The oncogenic effect of SNHG4 in HCC can be reversed by CREB5 silencing