bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive response to predation risk affects foraging time of hares, yet not their phosphorus intake
Authors: Brandsen Samara , Vermorken Louise Sophia , Kuipers Henry , Wieren Sip van , de Jonge Inger , Weterings Martijn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Antipredator responses could affect nutrient intake, which could lead to nutritional deficits. However, little is known about the antipredator response of small herbivores because most are nocturnal or crepuscular and therefore very difficult to study in the field. Therefore we experimentally assessed the effect of a reactive response to predation risk on the nutrient (i.e., phosphorous) intake of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) by using three different playback sounds. Additionally, we studied the time spent being costly vigilant, the time spent foraging, and the vegetation height in which the hares were present by using accelerometers and GPS. Our results showed that elevated predation risk from our playback experiment did not affect the 1) phosphorus intake, 2) time spent being costly vigilant, and 3) time spent in tall vegetation. However, elevated predation risk did increase the time spent foraging. Possibly hares spent more time foraging with an increased predation risk because hares cannot seek refuge from predators. Additionally, the effect on phosphorus intake could be weak because phosphorous intake does not benefit a flight escape, while the reactive response acts late in the predation sequence limiting the effect on hare ecology. Prey anti-predator responses seem strongly related to the escape tactics of prey species that can differ between different habitats and the time of the day. More detailed field studies are necessary to get a better insight into species’ anti-predator-food tactics.
Association between Anticoagulation Strategy and Quality of Life in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Eloot Sunny , Vanommeslaeghe Floris , Josipovic Iván , Boone Matthieu , Biesen Wim Van 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prevention of clotting in hemodialysis (HD) is a concern, but tools to monitor anticoagulation strategies as well as data on bleeding and its impact on quality of life (QoL) are scant. In this prospective longitudinal observational study, bleeding tendency in 70 HD patients was scored with ISTH-BAT and HAS-BLED at week 0, 4, and 8. Patient’s limbs were visually scored for bruises and hematomas, and Quality of Life (QoL) was assessed using EQ5D-3L and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaires. At week 0, the used hemodialyzer was scanned in a micro-CT scanner to quantify the number of patent fibers. Bleeding scores were 0[0;1] and 3[2;4] for ISTH-BAT and HAS-BLED, and visual scoring showed 2[0;4] bruises/hematomas. QoL was 0.85[0.77;1.00] for EQ5D and 70[60;80] for VAS. Fiber patency was 81[70;90]%, but was not associated with anticoagulation dose (p = 0.103). Patients in the highest tertile of anticoagulation dose had a worse VAS score (p = 0.027), and patients identified as having bleeding tendency by ISTH also had a worse VAS score (p = 0.010). Thus, in maintenance HD patients, dialyzer fiber blocking is rather limited, but the substantial degree of minor bleeding suggests that current anticoagulation doses are potentially too exaggerated, negatively impacting QoL.
The children of the opioid epidemic: A mixed method examination of the developmental implications of prenatal opioid exposure among school-aged children
Authors: Wilkinson Andra L. , Rackers H. S. , Harmon T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Growing research points to potential long-term developmental implications of prenatal opioid exposure for children. Yet, polysubstance use and adverse childhood experiences are raised as potential confounders. Further, there is a lack of data on school-age children and the children’s strengths.
Methods
Parents and caregivers of children with prenatal opioid exposure worked with the study team to design, collect, and descriptively analyze mixed method data. Data were collected through survey (n = 148) and focus groups (n = 15) from a convenience sample in mostly West Virginia and Massachusetts.
Results
Eighty percent of children with prenatal opioid exposure in the sample were diagnosed with NOWS. Nearly half of the children in the sample were diagnosed with multiple developmental delays, behavioral health conditions, and specific learning disorders. Roughly 85% of children have behavioral challenges. Importantly, over 80% of families also reported their child’s strengths, including empathy, social magnetism, and their resilience.
Conclusions
The challenges for children born with prenatal opioid exposure may extend into school-age. The results are consistent with prior research on younger children, suggesting a potential need for the best practices for caring for neonates with NOWS to be extended to further ages and developmental stages.
Excitatory Nerve Conduction Changed In a Partial BOO-induced OAB Rat Model
Authors: Huang Jingyi , Li Hongliang , Zhang Yao , Liu Jiaye , Cao Hongying , Long Yongling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common, long-term symptom complex with a high prevalence in women worldwide. The pathogenesis of OAB has not been elucidated. This study investigated the excitatory purinergic and cholinergic nerve conduction in OAB rat model induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction(PBOO）.
Methods
Model rats underwent bladder outlet obstruction surgery. In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after surgery, metabolic cages were used to detect the 12-hours Urine volume of the rats in the sham and model groups. The urodynamic parameters Bladder leak point pressure (BPLL), Maximum voiding pressure (MVP), Residual volume (RV), Maximum bladder capacity (MBC), Bladder compliance (BC), Voided efficiency (VE), and Non-voiding contractions (NVCs) were also detected. Besides, the time point above examined the contractile responses of isolated detrusor muscles to electrical and carbachol stimulation.
4th week after surgery, the bladders of both groups were taken for hematoxylin, eosin (H&E), and Masson’s trichrome staining. Besides, real-time qPCR and Western blot were performed to quantify the expression of Choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) and Solute carrier family 17 member 9 (SLC17A9).
Results
At week 4, compared with the sham group, the 12 h Urine volume increase significantly. The BLPP、MVP、VE、MBC、NVCs increased significantly, and the VE was significantly reduced. The contractile responses of isolated detrusor muscles to electrical and carbachol stimulation were significantly increased.
In 4 week PBOO group, the bladder wall and the ratio of bladder muscle to collagen within the bladder smooth muscle layer wall were significantly higher than in the sham group. ChAT and SLC17A9 mRNA and protein expression in OAB model rats was significantly increased.
Conclusions
4 weeks after PBOO, the OAB model was successfully established. The gene and protein expressions of ChAT and SLC17A9 were increased in the bladder of OAB model, suggesting that OAB may relate to the increased excitatory purinergic and cholinergic nerve conduction.
Antibacterial mechanism of garviecin LG34 against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes and its application in dairy products preservation
Authors: Gao Yurong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose The objective of this paper was to identify the antibacterial mode of garviecin LG34 against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes and the inhibitions on these two food-borne pathogenic bacteria in dairy products.Methods Antibacterial mechanism of garviecin LG34 was identified by the effects on the efflux of Potassium (K+) ions, extracellular electrical conductivity, UV-absorbing substances, potential across the membrane (ΔΨ) and cell permeability. The inhibitions of garviecin LG34 against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes in milk was studied by plate colony counting method.Results Supplementation with 160 AU/ml of garviecin LG34 had a bactericidal effect on these two bacteria. 160 AU/ml of garviecin LG34 resulted in the effusion of potassium ion and UV-absorbing substances, the leakage of cellular electrolytes and the dissipation of electrical potential across the membrane of these two food-borne bacteria. Moreover, the increase in cell permeability of both strains was observed by flow cytometer after cells treated with 160 AU/ml of garviecin LG34. Garviecin LG34 significantly inhibited the growth of these two food-borne bacteria. in the dairy products especially in skim milk.Conclusion Garviecin LG34 could cause pore formation, intracellular materials release and permeability increase of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, and may be applied to dairy products as bio-preservative.
Subretinal delivery of GMP-grade human neural progenitor cells protect vision in rat model of retinal degeneration and survive in minipigs
Authors: Lu Bin , Avalos Pablo , Svendsen Soshana , Zhang Changqin , Nocito Laura , Jones Melissa K , Pieplow Cosmo , Saylor Joshua , Ghiam Sean , Block Amanda , Fernandez Michael , Ljubimov Alexander V , Small Kent , Liao David , Svendsen Clive N , Wang Shaomei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Stem cell products are increasingly entering early stage clinical trials for treating retinal degeneration. The field is learning from experience about comparability of cells proposed for preclinical and clinical use. Without this, preclinical data supporting translation to a clinical study might not adequately reflect the performance of subsequent clinical-grade cells in patients.
Methods: Research- grade human neural progenitor cells (hNPC) and clinical-grade hNPC (termed CNS10-NPC) were injected into the subretinal space of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, a rodent model for retinitis pigmentosa (RP); An IND-enabling study with CNS10-NPC was perform in the same rodent model; Finally, surgical methodology for subretinal cell delivery in the clinic was optimized in large animal model-Yucatan minipig.
Results: Both research grade hNPC and clinical-grade hNPC (termed CNS10-NPC) can survive and provide functional and morphological protection in a dose-dependent fashion in the RCS rats and defined the optimal cell dose used for an investigational new drug (IND) enabling study. Grafted CNS10-NPC migrated from the injection site without differentiation into retinal cell phenotypes. Additionally, CNS10-NPC showed long-term survival, safety and efficacy in a toxicity and tumorigenicity study, with no observed cell overgrowth even at the maximum deliverable dose. Finally, using a large animal model-Yucatan minipig, which has eye size comparable to the human, we optimized the surgical methodology for subretinal cell delivery in the clinic.
Conclusions: These extensive studies supported an approved IND and the translation of CNS10-NPC to an ongoing Phase 1/2a clinical trial (NCT04284293) for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.
Assessment of the superior photocatalytic properties of Sn2+-containing SnO2 microrods on the photodegradation of methyl orange
Authors: Jorgetto Alexandre de Oliveira , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin , Orlandi Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A Sn2+-containing SnO2 material was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route, and its characterization demonstrated that it presented a microrod morphology with rutile SnO2 crystalline structure. Sn2+ ions were detected in the interior of the material and no other impurities, such as Sn2+-containing tin oxide phases (Sn2O3, Sn3O4, SnO) were detected. The material’s optical properties have shown the absorption of a considerable fraction of visible light up to wavelengths of 671 cm-1, contrastingly to ordinary SnO2. The analysis of the internal crystalline structure of a single microrod was carried out with a Focused Ion beam microscope, confirming that the material was highly defective with strong polycrystalline nature down to the nanoscale. The results indicated that the constituent Sn2+ ions occupy intergranular sites in a rutile SnO2 mesocrystalline structure, and that Sn2+ states were responsible for the material’s superior photoactivity. The photocatalytic performance of the material was much higher than those of commercial TiO2 and SnO2 materials, and it decomposed nearly all methyl orange dye content in water (10 mg L‑1) in 6 min under UV irradiation for a photocatalyst dose of 5.33 g L‑1. The photodegradation of methyl orange was also verified under visible light.
Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Polyurethane Resin- based Composite Material Reinforced with Dry Nanocellulose using Vacuum Casting
Authors: Jadhav Shraddha , Utikar Vedant , Sonawane Pavankumar , Jain Soham , Bhadekar Priti 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the mechanical and thermal characteristics of new class of composite material. The novel composite has been obtained by adding dry nanocellulose in mixture of polyurethane resin and hardener. A biodegradable, sustainable substance called nanocellulose has special mechanical, optical, and barrier properties. Nanocellulose has the potential to be a green nanomaterial because of its availability, sustainability and biodegradability. Vacuum casting is a process that produces high-quality castings that are bubble-free, have a smooth surface texture, and are flawless. The polyurethane resin and hardener are combined at 35°C and then poured the mixture into a vacuum casting machine and it allowed to cure for 20 minutes. The investigation includes samples with weight percentages of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. Tensile, Izod Impact, Hardness (Shore D), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests were performed. Test revealed that addition of dry nanocellulose making the composite brittle. Results suggest that adding dry Nanocellulose in high strength resin reduces overall strength, while literature shows that adding wet Nanocellulose improves properties like impact, tensile strength, but reduces thermal properties. The sample with 4% of Nanocellulose (filler material) performs better in terms of characteristics and yields better results than the other percentages. However, dry nanocellulose cannot be used in ultra-high strength applications due to its potential to reduce overall strength.
The co-design of a new surveillance protocol for thoracic oncology patients
Authors: Fraser Anne , McNeill Rob , Robinson Jackie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer patients with advanced disease and no active treatment options currently face frequent follow-up visits to the outpatient clinic; associated with significant anxiety, time commitment, and costs. These visits also place considerable strain on the health system. Evidence from other population groups (including people with some cancers and chronic health conditions) suggests virtual or remote follow-up can lead to higher patient satisfaction without negatively impacting on health outcomes such as survival time. The aim of this study was to identify preferences for different surveillance protocols for people with non-curative lung cancers or mesothelioma. A three-phase co-design approach was adopted, including peg boards, semi-structured interviews and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Findings from the DCE identified a need for reassurance, and the importance of relationship, consistency, and convenience for patients. Participants also identified that their preference for follow-up would be with an oncologist based locally at their primary care practice. Nurse-led and telehealth clinics were also considered acceptable options. Findings informed the design of a feasibility trial of a novel surveillance approach.
A novel blended and interprofessional approach to pediatric emergency training: self-assessment, perception, and perceived long-term effects
Authors: Lehmann Ronny , Petrowsky Michaela Klinke , Seitz Anke , Meyburg Jochen , Eppich Walter , Hoffmann Georg F. , Tönshoff Burkhard , Huwendiek Sören 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background: We developed a blended training program at a tertiary pediatric center based on hospital-specific emergency guidelines, profession-specific Virtual Patients (VPs), and interprofessional team training. Using this novel approach, we addressed differing educational needs of medical and nursing staff and intrinsic cognitive overload among participants, aiming for harmonization of in-house emergency proceedings.
Methods: Self-assessments of pediatric emergency knowledge and skills were conducted before (T1) and after (T2) preparation using VPs, as well as after the team training day (T3). At T3, participants completed questionnaires on the training approach, its components, and learning impact. Ten months after the training, a follow-up survey (T4) queried perceived benefits within and beyond emergency situations.
Results: A total of 56 medical staff and 56 nursing staff members participated in the pilot phase. Of these, N=55 (98%) and N=48 (85%), respectively, returned self-assessments; questionnaires were completed by N=55 (98%) and N=51 (91%), respectively. In both groups, 57 participants (50.9%) completed the follow-up survey. After team training (T3), both groups had significantly increased knowledge and skill scores compared with those at T1. Regarding the blended approach and its components, medical and nursing staff alike rated the entire course and its guidelines, the preparatory VPs, and the team training very highly. Participants felt being better prepared for pediatric emergencies. Perceived strengths of the training approach were in the triangulation of teaching methods and its inter-professionalism. More training scenarios were requested, as well as recurrent training. In the follow-up, participants reported improved confidence and calmness, as well as improved communication and collaboration when involved in an emergency. Beyond emergencies, benefits were reported in daily routines.
Conclusions: Our blended approach was perceived as being effective in improving preparedness among medical and nursing house staff. This approach permits customization of content and deliberate practice to improve pediatric critical care.
Comparison of Efficacy of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapeutics Mitomycin C versus Oxaliplatin In Experimental Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis Model
Authors: Manoğlu Berke , Canda³ Aras Emre , Yavuzşen² Tuğba , Aktaş³ Safiye , Altun³ Zekiye , Yılmaz⁴ Osman , Bişgin¹ Tayfun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
Our study aimed to establish a mouse model with colorectal cancer-induced peritoneal metastasis(PM) and to compare the efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents, mitomycin C and oxaliplatin.
Materials and Methods
The peritoneal metastasis model was established in nude mice using the CC531 colon carcinoma cell line. Models with PM were randomized into four groups of seven animals each: Group 1, control group; Group 2, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) with mitomycin C (MMC), and Group 3, HIPEC with Oxaliplatin(OXA).
Results
Tumor development was achieved in all animals. While the tumor burden decreased significantly in the treatment Group 2(p = .013). In the PM mouse model, hyperthermic intraperitoneal administration of MMC had a higher tumoricidal effect than hyperthermic intraperitoneal administration of OXA.
Conclusions
Our PM model provided a good opportunity to examine the efficacy of HIPEC and IPIP. Hyperethermic intraperitoneal mitomycin applied in the colorectal PM animal model was found to have higher tumoricidal activity than oxaliplatin. In future studies, we plan to evaluate efficacies of different drugs in the PM models we have created.
Higher Neuronal Facilitation and Potentiation with APOE4 Suppressed by Angiotensin II
Authors: Scheinman Sarah B. , Tseng Kuei Y. , Alford Simon , Tai Leon M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Progressive hippocampal degeneration is a key component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Therefore, identifying how hippocampal neuronal function is modulated early in AD is an important approach to eventually prevent degeneration. AD-risk factors and signaling molecules likely modulate neuronal function, includingAPOEgenotype and angiotensin II. Compared toAPOE3,APOE4increases AD risk up to 12-fold, and high levels of angiotensin II are hypothesized to disrupt neuronal function in AD. However, the extent thatAPOEand angiotensin II modulates the hippocampal neuronal phenotype in AD-relevant models is unknown. To address this issue, we used electrophysiological techniques to assess the impact ofAPOEgenotype and angiotensin II on basal synaptic transmission, presynaptic and post-synaptic activity in mice that express humanAPOE3(E3FAD) orAPOE4(E4FAD) and overproduce Aβ. We found that compared to E3FAD mice, E4FAD mice had lower basal synaptic activity, but higher levels of paired pulse facilitation (PPF) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer Collateral Commissural Pathway (SCCP) of the hippocampus. We also found that exogenous angiotensin II has a profound inhibitory effect on hippocampal LTP in both E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Collectively, our data suggests thatAPOE4and Aβ are associated with a hippocampal phenotype comprised of lower basal activity and higher responses to high frequency stimulation, the latter of which is suppressed by angiotensin II. These novel data suggest a potential mechanistic link between hippocampal activity,APOE4genotype and angiotensin II in AD.
Bifurcation analysis of a tuberculosis progression model for drug target identification
Authors: Flores-Garza Eliezer , Hernández-Pando Rogelio , García-Zárate Ibrahim , Aguirre Pablo , Domínguez-Hüttinger Elisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence and rapid spread of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains urge us to develop novel treatments. Experimental assays are restricted by lab capacity, insufficient funds, low numbers of laboratory animals and obsolete technology. Systems-level approaches to quantitatively study TB can overcome these limitations. Previously, we proposed a mathematical model describing the key regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathological progression of TB. Here, we systematically explore the effect of parameter variations on disease outcome. We find five bifurcation parameters that steer the clinical outcome of TB: number of bacteria phagocytized per macrophage, macrophages death, macrophage killing by bacteria, macrophage recruitment, and phagocytosis of bacteria. The corresponding bifurcation diagrams show all-or-nothing dose-response curves with parameter regions mapping onto bacterial clearance, persistent infection, or history-dependent clearance or infection. Importantly, pathogenic stage strongly affects the host’s sensitivity to these parameter variations. We identify parameter values corresponding to a latent-infection model of TB, where disease progression occurs significantly slower than in progressive TB. Two-dimensional bifurcation analyses uncovered synergistic parameter pairs which could act as efficient compound therapeutic approaches. Through bifurcation analysis, we reveal how modulating specific regulatory mechanisms could steer the clinical outcome of TB.