bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of induced magnetic field and surface roughness of Casson nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet
Authors: Kotnurkar Asha S. , Mali Gayitri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present analysis, we have discussed the mixed convective of flow over an exponential sheet in presence of induced magnetic field and surface roughness. The effects of hall current and chemical reaction on flow are also considered. The non-Newtonian model behavior is characterized by Casson nanofluid. The similarity transformations are employed for the transformation of partial differential equations into non-dimensional form and obtained equations are solved by employing the Differential transformation method (DTM). Further, the importance of various parameters on various profiles and gradients are explored graphically with some suitable discussion. At the wall, the small ($$\alpha$$
α
) and frequency ($$n$$
n
) parameters influence on gradients are illustrated.
Precision Medicine Using Simultaneous Monitoring and Assessment with Imaging and Biomarkers to Manage Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS
Authors: Abbott Megan , Li Yuchong , Brochard Laurent , Zhang Haibo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a ~ 40% mortality rate with an increasing prevalence exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mechanical ventilation is the primary means for life-saving support to buy time for lung healing in ARDS patients, however, it can also lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Effective strategies to reduce or prevent VILI are necessary but are not currently delivered. Therefore, we aim at evaluating the current imaging technologies to visualize where pressure and volume being delivered to the lung during mechanical ventilation; and combining plasma biomarkers to guide management of mechanical ventilation. We searched PubMed and Medline using keywords and analyzed the literature, including both animal models and human studies, to examine the independent use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate lung mechanics, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to guide ventilation, ultrasound to monitor lung injury, and plasma biomarkers to indicate status of lung pathophysiology. This investigation has led to our proposal of the combination of imaging and biomarkers to precisely deliver mechanical ventilation to improve patient outcomes in ARDS.
Neuroimaging Features in Children with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and Septo-Optic-Pituitary Dysplasia
Authors: Salman Michael S. , Hossain Shakhawat , Rozovsky Katya 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD) are common causes of congenital visual impairment. Our primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal neuroimaging features in patients with these disorders in Manitoba, Canada, and compare them with published reports.Methods:A retrospective neuroimaging review was performed in patients resident in Manitoba with ONH/SOD.Results:There were 128 patients (M = 70) with ONH/SOD who had neuroimaging. Their mean age (SD) at the end of the study was 13.2 (7.5) years. Males were significantly more likely to have bilateral ONH and a small optic chiasm size, while females were more likely to have a left ONH and a small left optic chiasm size on neuroimaging (p = 0.049). ONH and small optic chiasm size were seen in most patients on neuroimaging. Absent septum pellucidum was noted in 40%, small pituitary gland size in 28%, neuronal migration disorders (NMD) in 20% (>1 type and bilateral in 13 cases), corpus callosum abnormalities were present in 9%, while olfactory bulbs-tracts and olfactory sulci were absent in 8.6% of cases. Unilateral ONH was not significantly associated with other structural brain abnormalities, while NMD were significantly associated with other midline brain abnormalities including a symmetrically small optic chiasm size.Conclusion:The prevalence of structural neuroimaging abnormalities in our cohort with ONH/SOD was generally in the same range reported in other studies with corpus callosum abnormalities being relatively less common in our study. Bilateral NMD were relatively common among patients with NMD. The association between sex and ONH laterality requires further study.
Examining barriers to implementing a surgical-site infection bundle
Authors: Dukes Kimberly C. , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Schweizer Marin , Ward Melissa A. , Chapin Laura , Ryken Timothy C. , Perl Trish M. , Herwaldt Loreen A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:Surgical-site infections (SSIs) can be catastrophic. Bundles of evidence-based practices can reduce SSIs but can be difficult to implement and sustain.Objective:We sought to understand the implementation of SSI prevention bundles in 6 US hospitals.Design:Qualitative study.Methods:We conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with personnel involved in bundle implementation and conducted a thematic analysis of the transcripts.Setting:The study was conducted in 6 US hospitals: 2 academic tertiary-care hospitals, 3 academic-affiliated community hospitals, 1 unaffiliated community hospital.Participants:In total, 30 hospital personnel participated. Participants included surgeons, laboratory directors, clinical personnel, and infection preventionists.Results:Bundle complexity impeded implementation. Other barriers varied across services, even within the same hospital. Multiple strategies were needed, and successful strategies in one service did not always apply in other areas. However, early and sustained interprofessional collaboration facilitated implementation.Conclusions:The evidence-based SSI bundle is complicated and can be difficult to implement. One implementation process probably will not work for all settings. Multiple strategies were needed to overcome contextual and implementation barriers that varied by setting and implementation climate. Appropriate adaptations for specific settings and populations may improve bundle adoption, fidelity, acceptability, and sustainability.
Oil exploitation and food insecurity in Nigeria's Niger Delta
Authors: Babatunde Abosede Omowumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe destructive impacts of oil exploitation on the natural environment, which the inhabitants of the Niger Delta depend on for their livelihood, pose major threats to food security. Environmental damage alienates the local people from their ancestral lands and erodes their sources of livelihood. This study examines the effect of oil exploitation on the local people's access to sufficient, safe and culturally acceptable food. The study is based on data collected through interviews with key informants and Focus Group Discussions in the oil communities in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States. Environmental and livelihood sustainability are intricately interconnected. They have significant implications for food security of people in the oil-rich region. Nutritional adequacy is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for food security because cultural acceptability is also required. This study addresses the interplay between these factors and their implications for household food security in the Niger Delta.
Why time matters for understanding the ASM-LSM nexus in south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Cuvelier Jeroen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article highlights the importance of studying the politics of time in the copper and cobalt mining sector of south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where a tense coexistence can be observed between artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) and large-scale mining (LSM). It is argued that inequality in ASM-LSM settings not only manifests itself spatially but also temporally. Faced with an uncertain future, ASM and LSM actors do not have the same capacity to control time and plan their futures. Drawing on data from several rounds of ethnographic fieldwork in Katanga's mining areas between 2005 and 2022, the article advocates an approach which pays more attention to issues of time and temporality in places where large-scale forms of mineral extraction clash with small-scale ones.
The waxing and waning of ethnic boundaries: violence, peace and the ubwoko in Burundi
Authors: Ingelaere Bert , Paviotti Antea 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTViolence based on identity constructs reinforces the experience of ethnic boundaries as felt distance between in-groups and out-groups. But what makes such an experience of rigid ethnic boundaries fade or disappear, if anything? We examined this in Burundi, a country characterised by repeated episodes of violence between Hutu and Tutsi since independence. We analysed the waxing and waning of ethnic boundaries through the (life) stories of 202 individuals collected through an iterative research process in two rural villages that were seriously touched by (ethnic) violence. Rigid boundaries between ethnic in- and out-group appeared to fade through non-violent interactions; when categorisations other than ethnic emerged; and when awareness of interstitiality, being in-between salient groups, contested the relevance and meaning of the ethnic boundary as such. These insights invite us to bring in multiple temporalities and identities when aiming to understand legacies of violence in conflict-affected societies such as Burundi. This would allow us to avoid treating groups as substantial entities, which reinforces boundaries between in-groups and out-groups.
Black-bellied pangolin Phataginus tetradactyla documented in Deng Deng National Park, Cameroon, using camera traps
Authors: Difouo Ghislain F. , Simo Franklin T. , Kekeunou Sévilor , Olson David , Ingram Daniel J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInformation on pangolin life history and ecology is becoming increasingly available in African countries through community-based surveys and camera-trapping. However, there is a paucity of information on the largely arboreal black-bellied pangolin Phataginus tetradactyla, which is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. By targeting fallen trees or logs with camera traps we recorded the black-bellied pangolin opportunistically in Deng Deng National Park (East Region, Cameroon), a locality within the presumed distribution of the species within Cameroon. We obtained a low trapping rate of 0.063 events per 100 trap-days and the capture probability was one event recorded over 1,571 trap-days (0.0006 captures per day). Deploying camera traps that focus on fallen trees or logs could be explored as a method for detecting black-bellied pangolins.
Improving Transitional Care for Older Adults: Results of a Patient-Centred Quality Improvement Intervention
Authors: McCusker Jane , Beauchamp Sylvie , Lambert Sylvie , Yaffe Mark , Meguerditchian Ari Nareg , John Beverley-Tracey , Bourbonnais Marie-Pierre , Fung Shek , de Raad Manon , Belzile Eric 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of a quality improvement intervention for older adults discharged from hospital to home, that used a patient-centred discharge education tool called the Patient-Centered Discharge Plan (PCAP). We conducted a pre–post evaluation of PCAP implementation among patients 65 years and older and discharged home from an acute medical or geriatric admission at two general hospitals. Two patient cohorts, PRE and POST, were analysed using administrative data (n = 3,309) and post-discharge structured interviews in a subset of patients (n = 326). Outcomes were 90-day readmissions and return emergency department (ED) visits, and transition experiences (10-item scale). The PCAP was provided to 20 per cent of 1,683 patients. Transition experience scores increased from PRE to POST at both hospitals (adjusted beta 1.3; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.7), and return ED visits declined in one of the two hospitals (adjusted decline 1.3%; 95% CI: -3.7, 6.2). In conclusion, dedicated resources are needed to support future PCAP implementation.
Embracing Background Knowledge in the Analysis of Actual Causality: An Answer Set Programming Approach
Authors: GELFOND MICHAEL , FANDINNO JORGE , BALAI EVGENII 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a rich knowledge representation language aimed at formalizing causal knowledge. This language is used for accurately and directly formalizing common benchmark examples from the literature of actual causality. A definition of cause is presented and used to analyze the actual causes of changes with respect to sequences of actions representing those examples.
Crustal Imaging of Portugal Mainland Using Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Baltazar‐Soares P. , Martínez‐Moreno F. J. , Alves Ribeiro J. , Monteiro Santos F. A. , Ribeiro P. , Pais M. A. , Mateus A. , Pous J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe comprehensive mapping of resistivities in depth and its interpretation is of great importance to unravel the electrical properties of deep‐seated rocks, providing significant insights into the structure of the crust. The first 3D resistivity model for Portugal mainland is here reported using data from 31 broadband MT soundings spaced 50 × 50 km apart. The model shows large crustal volumes with contrasting resistivity values. The central and northern regions are characterized by a high resistivity crustal domain spreading in‐depth (103–105 Ω.m) that correlates well with voluminous granitoid bodies and high‐grade metamorphic rocks. To the west and the south, roughly corresponding to the Portuguese Western Shore and the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) respectively, the crustal resistivity tends to decrease unevenly to values between 1 and 103 Ω.m. Interconnected graphite in structural discontinuities, possibly forming a regional mid‐crustal décollement at ≈13–15 km depth, are highlighted by multiple low resistivity crustal domains (1–100 Ω.m). Similarly, the model reveals a very large E‐W low resistivity crustal domain in SPZ possibly representing a deep‐seated major décollement. The present study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the physical properties characterizing the concealed crust in Portugal mainland, providing also indirect information on its composition and structure.
Magnetopause Dynamics at Saturn as Observed by Cassini
Authors: Mo Wenli , Vines Sarah K. , Allen Robert C. , Jackman Caitriona M. , Paranicas Chris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe occurrence and impacts of magnetopause processes at outer planets, particularly magnetic reconnection and the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI), remains unresolved. From a list of 2,114 magnetopause crossings at Saturn spanning the full duration of the Cassini mission, magnetic field and low‐energy plasma properties are analyzed for each crossing to determine the likelihood of particular dynamical processes at Saturn's magnetopause. Using Cassini magnetic field data, crossings are categorized as (a) those with signatures of possible magnetic reconnection, (b) those near/inside a magnetopause surface wave or vortex arising from KHI, and (c) those during quiescent conditions (i.e., lacking signatures indicative of magnetic reconnection or KH waves). Of magnetopause crossings with valid intervals on both sides of the boundary, nearly half of the crossings met criteria for signatures of reconnection, with little dependence on local time or latitude of the magnetopause crossing location. Crossings identified as associated with KHI are found to more likely occur toward the dawn sector as compared to other local times, but with both flanks likely being quasi‐unstable to the instability. Magnetopause properties for crossings with available low‐energy electron data from Cassini are further explored to provide insight into the local plasma conditions that may be conducive to magnetic reconnection and/or KH waves. This investigation reveals that certain dynamics along the magnetopause of Saturn may be more prevalent than previously considered, and provides a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of magnetopause dynamics and plasma transport at the outer planets.
Comparisons of Raindrop Size Distributions Measured by an Optical Disdrometer and Electrically Charged Raindrops
Authors: Martínez Lucia B. , Pereyra Rodolfo G. , Ávila Eldo E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRaindrop size distributions observed with a particle size velocity disdrometer are contrasted with respect to the size distributions of charged raindrops obtained with a special device designed to determine the size and electric charge of raindrops. The measurements were performed for three thunderstorms occurred in the vicinity of Córdoba, Argentina during RELAMPAGO campaign. In general, the results show that more than 66% of the raindrops measured with the optical disdrometer have diameters <1 mm and more than 90% of the charged raindrops have diameters >1 mm. A systematic difference between both raindrops size distributions was observed, which remains during the whole evolution of the storms. Under the hypothesis that the electrically charged raindrops were melted ice hydrometeors, we analyze if the larger raindrops recorded by the disdrometer during these storms may also have been melted ice particles.
Effects of Bubble Plumes on Lake Dynamics, Near‐Bottom Turbulence, and Transfer of Dissolved Oxygen at the Sediment‐Water Interface
Authors: Wang Binbin , Rezvani Maryam , Bierlein Kevin A. , Bryant Lee D. , Little John C. , Wüest Alfred , Socolofsky Scott A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe quantify the lake dynamics, near‐bottom turbulence, flux of dissolved oxygen (DO) across the sediment‐water interface (SWI) and their interactions during oxygenation in two lakes. Field observations show that the lake dynamics were modified by the bubble plumes, showing enhanced mixing in the near‐field of the plumes. The interaction of the bubble‐induced flow with the internal density structure resulted in downwelling of warm water into the hypolimnion in the far‐field of the plumes. Within the bottom boundary layer (BBL), both lakes show weak oscillating flows primarily induced by seiching. The vertical profile of mean velocity within 0.4 m above the bed follows a logarithmic scaling. One lake shows a larger drag coefficient than those in stationary BBLs, where the classic law‐of‐the‐wall is valid. The injection of oxygen elevated the water column DO and hence, altered the DO flux across the SWI. The gas transfer velocity is driven by turbulence and is correlated with the bottom shear velocity. The thickness of the diffusive boundary layer was found to be consistent with the Batchelor length scale. The dynamics of the surface renewal time follow a log‐normal distribution, and the turbulent integral time scale is comparable to the surface renewal time. The analyses suggest that the effect of bubble plumes on the BBL turbulence is limited and that the canonical scales of turbulence emerge for the time‐average statistics, validating the turbulence scaling of gas transfer velocity in low‐energy lakes.
An Object‐Oriented Bayesian Gravity Inversion Scheme for Inferring Density Anomalies in Planetary Interiors
Authors: Izquierdo Kristel , Lekić Vedran , Montési Laurent G. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGravity inversions have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the interior of planetary bodies and the processes that shaped them. However, previous global gravity inversion methods neglect the inference of mantle density anomalies when using techniques to decrease the non‐uniqueness of the inversion. In this work, we present a novel global gravity inversion algorithm, named THeBOOGIe, suited to inferring global‐scale density anomalies within the crust and mantle of planetary bodies. The algorithm embraces the nonuniqueness inherent in gravity inversions by not prescribing at the outset a density interface or depth range of interest. Instead, the method combines a Bayesian approach with a flexible incorporation of prior geological or geophysical information to infer density anomalies at any depth. A validation test using synthetic lunar‐like gravity data shows that THeBOOGIe can constrain the lateral location of crustal density anomalies but tends to overestimate their thicknesses. Importantly, THeBOOGIe can detect deep mantle density anomalies and quantify the level of confidence in the inferred density models. Our results show that THeBOOGIe can provide complementary information to one‐dimensional seismic models of the interior of the terrestrial planets and the Moon by constraining density anomalies that are not spherically symmetric. Additionally, THeBOOGIe is specially suited to constraining the interior of partially differentiated bodies where these large‐scale density anomalies are more likely to exist. Finally, thanks to the flexible use of priors, THeBOOGIe is an essential tool to understand the interior of planetary bodies lacking additional constraints.
Characterizing Peridotite Xenoliths From Southern Vietnam: Insight Into the Underlying Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Hobbs Kirby P. , Elkins Lynne J. , Lassiter John C. , Hoang Nguyen , Burberry Caroline M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present data for lithospheric mantle xenoliths sampled from two alkali basalts in south‐central Vietnam, Pleiku and Xuan Loc, including fertile spinel peridotites. To better determine the origins of the Indochinese subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), including impacts of posited tectonic extrusion, we present major and trace elements, and 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in xenolith mineral separates. Most peridotites from Pleiku and Xuan Loc have fertile major element compositions, “depleted” and “spoon‐shaped” rare earth element (REE) patterns, interpreted to record prior melt depletion followed by melt metasomatism, and variable but generally depleted isotopic signatures (e.g., 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70238–0.70337 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512921–0.514190). A small group of refractory peridotites have “enriched” REE patterns suggesting more extensive metasomatism and enriched isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70405 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512755–0.512800). The presence of both fertile and refractory xenoliths records a heterogeneous SCLM beneath Vietnam. Based on geothermobarometry calculations, fertile xenoliths have equilibrium temperatures of 923–1,034°C and pressures of 11.7–15.8 kbar, while refractory xenoliths have comparable temperatures of 923–1,006°C, but lower pressures of 7.1–10.0 kbar, suggesting refractory rocks are dominantly present at shallower depths. We suggest that the lithospheric mantle has experienced variable melt extraction around 1.0–1.3 Ga, producing heterogeneous major element compositions. While we cannot rule out partial removal and replacement of the lithosphere, large‐scale delamination is not necessary to explain observed characteristics. The entire SCLM was more recently metasomatized by melts resembling Cenozoic basalts, suggesting recent asthenospheric melting has modified the SCLM by melt infiltration.