bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permutation Tests Using Arbitrary Permutation Distributions
Authors: Ramdas Aaditya , Barber Rina Foygel , Candès Emmanuel J. , Tibshirani Ryan J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPermutation tests date back nearly a century to Fisher’s randomized experiments, and remain an immensely popular statistical tool, used for testing hypotheses of independence between variables and other common inferential questions. Much of the existing literature has emphasized that, for the permutation p-value to be valid, one must first pick a subgroup G of permutations (which could equal the full group) and then recalculate the test statistic on permuted data using either an exhaustive enumeration of G, or a sample from G drawn uniformly at random. In this work, we demonstrate that the focus on subgroups and uniform sampling are both unnecessary for validity—in fact, a simple random modification of the permutation p-value remains valid even when using an arbitrary distribution (not necessarily uniform) over any subset of permutations (not necessarily a subgroup). We provide a unified theoretical treatment of such generalized permutation tests, recovering all known results from the literature as special cases. Thus, this work expands the flexibility of the permutation test toolkit available to the practitioner.
Smart guanyl thiosemicarbazide functionalized dialdehyde cellulose for removal of heavy metal ions from aquatic solutions: adsorption characteristics and mechanism study
Authors: Akl Magda A. , El-Zeny Abdelrahman S. , Ismail Mohamed , Abdalla Mohamed , Abdelgelil Dina , Mostafa Aya G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, facing the problem of improving environmental quality, cellulose and cellulose-based (nano) composites have received great attention as adsorbents. In this work, we report the modification and functionalization of cellulose by nitrogen- and sulfur-containing moieties through a three-steps process; native cellulose is first oxidized by potassium periodate (KIO4) to form dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), which then condenses with aminoguanidine and react with phenyl isothiocyanate to form 4-phenyl guanyl thiosemicarbazide dialdehyde cellulose (DAC@GuTSC). The prepared DAC@GuTSC is characterized by a number of techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis (EA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The prepared DAC@GuTSC adsorbent was used to remove Cu2+ Hg2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution and environmental water samples. The influence of various factors on the adsorption efficiency including pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and ions interfering with adsorption was investigated. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the adsorption capacity of Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ was 50, 94 and 55 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption process is well described by the Langmuir model, and it was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The spontaneous and endothermic adsorption of Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ was confirmed by the calculated thermodynamic functions. The prepared DAC@GuTSC composite has been successfully applied to remove Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ from real water samples with recovery greater than 90% and relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 3%. The reasonable Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+adsorption mechanism on the prepared DAC@GuTSC composite has been elucidated.
Life cycle assessment, a decision-making tool in wastewater treatment systems: a case study wastewater treatment plant of Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Tayyebi Fatemeh , Golabi Mona , Jaafarzadeh Neematollah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of environmental implications associated with wastewater treatment plants and developing strategies for reusing wastewater with minimal harm to the environment and human communities is critical. This study investigates the environmental impacts of Ahvaz’s wastewater treatment plant using life cycle assessment, employing SimaPro®9.0.0 software for two scenarios. The first scenario represents the current state of the plant, while the second considers reusing treated effluent in farms. This examination can lead to modifications within existing systems or selection of the best alternative treatment option, ultimately reducing potential environmental impacts. The CML2001 method identified human toxicity and global warming (4.29 × 1013and 3.67 × 1013, respectively), while the EcoIndicator99 method indicated ecotoxicity and carcinogens (5.2 × 10−13and 2.82 × 10−13, respectively) as the highest contributors to negative environmental impact per 1 m3treated effluent. The results demonstrate that although using treated sludge and effluent in agriculture conserves a significant amount of water, phosphorus, and nitrogen, it caused significant adverse impacts due to heavy metals present in the effluent and sludge. Additionally, the methane produced by sludge treatment, digestion, and disposal processes had the most harmful impact on global warming (0.577 (65%) in the CML2001 method). Comparing the two scenarios demonstrates that reusing effluent in farm irrigation is a more environmentally friendly technique, particularly in terms of eutrophication.
A novel analytical technique for determining inflow control devices flow area in CO2-EOR and CCUS projects
Authors: Rezvani Hamed , Rafiei Yousef 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCO2-EOR is one of the principal techniques for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The CO2 injection not only promotes oil recovery but also leads to greenhouse gas discharge reduction. Nonetheless, a key challenge in the CO2 flooding process is a premature CO2 breakthrough from highly permeable zones. In recent years, Inflow Control Devices, ICDs, have been used as a potential solution to mitigate an early gas breakthrough. The key and important parameter in ICDs installation is obtaining its opening flow area. The common ways to obtain the ICD flow area such as utilizing optimization algorithms are very complicated and time-consuming, and further these methods are not analytical. The aim of this work is to solve the mentioned challenges—postpone the breakthrough time in gas injection and present an easy, fast, and analytical technique for obtaining ICDs flow area. This paper presents a new analytical method for obtaining inflow control devices flow area for injection wells in an oil reservoir under CO2-EOR in order to balance the injected CO2 front movement in all layers. Then, in order to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the presented technique with other methods such as optimization algorithms, a case study has been done on a real reservoir model under CO2 injection. Later, the results of studied scenarios in the case studied are given and compared. The results show that by utilizing the proposed method recovery factor is raised by improving sweep efficiency, and the breakthrough time is more postponed compared to the other methods about 400 days. Further, the ICD flow area calculation takes 2 min by presented analytical techniques, but the optimization algorithm takes 4040 min to run the simulation model to find the ICD flow area. In the end, the findings of the presented analytical formula can help to set the ICD flow area very fast without the simulation and help researchers for a better quantitative understanding of parameters affecting the ICD flow area by the given formula such as reservoir permeability.
Effect of psoralen on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation induced by periodontal stem cell-derived exosomes
Authors: Yu Jie , Wu Xiaonan , Zhang Wenyi , Chu Fuhang , Zhang Qi , Gao Meihua , Xu Yingjie , Wu Yingtao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is the main cause of tooth loss in adults, and the key to periodontitis treatment is the repair and regenerate of periodontal bone tissue. Psoralen is the main component of the Psoralea corylifolia Linn, which shows antibacterial, anti-inflammatoryand osteogenic activities. It promotes the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells toward osteogenesis. Exosomes secreted by stem cells play important roles in information transmission during the osteogenic differentiation process. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of psoralen in regulating osteogenic miRNA information in periodontal stem cells and in periodontal stem cells exosomes and the specific mechanism of its action. Experimental results show that exosomes of human periodontal ligament stem cell origin treated with psoralen (hPDLSCs + Pso-Exos) were not significantly different from untreated exosomes (hPDLSC-Exos) in terms of size and morphology. Thirty-five differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be upregulated and 58 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be downregulated in the hPDLSCs + Pso-Exos compared to the hPDLSC-Exos (P < 0.05). hsa-miR-125b-5p was associated with osteogenic differentiation. Among them, hsa-miR-125b-5p was associated with osteogenic differentiation. After hsa-miR-125b-5p was inhibited, the osteogenesis level of hPDLSCs was enhanced. In summary, the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was promoted by psoralen through the downregulation of hsa-miR-125b-5p gene expression in hPDLSCs, and the expression of the hsa-miR-125b-5p gene was also downregulated in exosomes. This finding provides a new therapeutic idea for using psoralen to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.
Synthesis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity of some pyrazole-based heterocycles using a 2(3H)-furanone derivative
Authors: Youssef Youssef M. , Azab Mohammad E. , Elsayed Galal A. , El-Sayed Amira A. , Hassaballah Aya I. , El-Safty Mounir M. , Soliman Reem A. , El-Helw Eman A. E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSome pyrazole-based heterocycles such as pyrrolone, pyridazinone, and imidazole derivatives were synthesized utilizing the pyrazolyl-2(3H)-furanone derivative 3, which was obtained in a good yield via Perkin condensation of 5-chloro-4-formyl-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole with 3-(4-methylbenzoyl)propionic acid in the presence of cyclo-dehydrating agent (sodium acetate and acetic anhydride). Also, the acid hydrazide obtained was reacted with some carbonyl reagents such as acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 1,3-diphenyl-4-formylpyrazole, aiming to achieve new pyrrolone derivatives. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity screening of some synthesized compounds demonstrated that some of them offered strong potencies. An experimental trial was undertaken to explore the effect of different substances and applied against avian influenza HPAI-H5N1 (AIV) to evaluate the antiviral replication in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos. All the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities, and most of tested compounds showed potent inhibition growth activity toward Haemophilus (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), and Candida albicans fungus. Upon antimicrobial screening, it was observed that the majority of the compounds were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus, and Candida albicans as compared to standard drugs. This experiment shows the potential usage of these compounds as antiviral agents and can be considered as a viable means to control the economically important avian influenza of poultry. These compounds can thus be recommended for their antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal property and can very well be used as immunostimulants.
Decohesion of graphene from a uniaxially-stretched substrate: Failure analysis of a frictional adhesive interface
Authors: Peng Bo , Xu Chaochen , Wang Qingao , Zhao Pei , Feng Xiqiao , Li Qunyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComposite structures consisting of two-dimensional (2D) materials deposited on elastic substrates have a wide range of potential applications in flexible electronics. For such devices, robust 2D film/substrate interfacial adhesion is essential for their reliable performance when subjected to external thermal and mechanical loads. To better understand the strength and failure behavior of the 2D film/substrate interfaces, two types of graphene/polymer samples with distinct interfacial adhesion properties are fabricated and tested by uniaxially stretching the substrates. Depending on the interfacial adhesion, two drastically different debonding rates are observed, i.e., rapid snap-through debonding and more progressive crack propagation. Motivated by the experimental observation, we propose an improved shear-lag model with a trapezoidal-shaped cohesive zone to derive an analytical solution for the decohesion behavior. The theoretical model reveals that the decohesion behavior of the frictional adhesive interface is governed by three dimensionless parameters. Particularly, the dimensionless length of the film essentially determines the decohesion rate; while the other two parameters affect the critical substrate strain to initiate debonding. By fitting the experimental data with the theoretical model, the intrinsic adhesion properties of the two samples are obtained with physically meaningful values. This work offers an analytical solution to describing the decohesion behavior of general thin film/substrate systems with a frictional adhesive interface, which is beneficial for characterizing and optimizing the mechanical properties of various thin film/polymer devices.
Application of Nano-Delivery Systems in Lymph Nodes for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Xia Yiming , Fu Shunli , Ma Qingping , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy has become a promising research “hotspot” in cancer treatment. “Soldier” immune cells are not uniform throughout the body; they accumulate mostly in the immune organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes (LNs), etc. The unique structure of LNs provides the microenvironment suitable for the survival, activation, and proliferation of multiple types of immune cells. LNs play an important role in both the initiation of adaptive immunity and the generation of durable anti-tumor responses. Antigens taken up by antigen-presenting cells in peripheral tissues need to migrate with lymphatic fluid to LNs to activate the lymphocytes therein. Meanwhile, the accumulation and retaining of many immune functional compounds in LNs enhance their efficacy significantly. Therefore, LNs have become a key target for tumor immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the nonspecific distribution of the immune drugs in vivo greatly limits the activation and proliferation of immune cells, which leads to unsatisfactory anti-tumor effects. The efficient nano-delivery system to LNs is an effective strategy to maximize the efficacy of immune drugs. Nano-delivery systems have shown beneficial in improving biodistribution and enhancing accumulation in lymphoid tissues, exhibiting powerful and promising prospects for achieving effective delivery to LNs. Herein, the physiological structure and the delivery barriers of LNs were summarized and the factors affecting LNs accumulation were discussed thoroughly. Moreover, developments in nano-delivery systems were reviewed and the transformation prospects of LNs targeting nanocarriers were summarized and discussed.
Size effect on hydraulic properties of rough-walled fractures upscaled from meter-scale granite fractures
Authors: Zhong Zhen , Xu Congqiang , Zhang Fengshou , Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Yunjin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo better bridge the gap between lab-scale data and larger-scale applications. In this study, an integrated method was developed to investigate the size dependence of fluid flow through rough-walled fractures. Granite fracture surfaces of up to 1 m in size were first scanned to acquire data on their morphology and corresponding surface distribution, the asperity height of which was found to follow a normal distribution. Digital fracture surfaces were then created on the basis of the scanned data and upscaled to 20 m by a statistical method, and individual rough-walled fractures were constructed by superimposing two statistically generated surfaces. Fluid flow through the fractures was subsequently simulated by solving the Reynolds’ equation. The simulated results showed evident links between the hydraulic properties and sample sizes. Specifically, both hydraulic aperture and transmissivity of the fracture varied as sample sizes increased until a threshold ranging from 2 to 5 m, beyond which an invariant transmissivity was attained. Thus, the sample size corresponding to invariant transmissivity could be defined as the representative size, the value of which was found to depend on the fracture aperture and roughness. In particular, whereas the augmentation of the fracture aperture appeared to suppress the size dependence on hydraulic properties, increased roughness tended to increase size dependence. The data and modelling presented herein provide insights into the scale dependence of fluid flow through a single fracture. It is concluded that even samples as large as 1 m may not be sufficient to characterize the hydraulic properties of fractures according to the representative sizes obtained, which usually exceeded 2 m under the conditions specified in the present study.
Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of air-bubble-stream-induced water circulation
Authors: Zafeirakou A. , Pechlivanidis G. , Koutitas C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAir-bubble curtain is an amount of air injected vertically into a water body. The generation of such a flow and the lack of a continuous interface cannot be described by a smooth mathematical function. Therefore, a two-phase flow model is introduced. A numerical model for the concurrent flow of buoyant bubbles continuously flowing into a 2D water field, and the water flow (generated by the bubbles), is formulated and solved. The two-phase flow model consists of the 2D Navier equations for the water phase (continuous phase) and of the active Lagrangian particles for the simulation of the air bubbles (discrete phase). The coupling of the two phases is done through the continuity and the momentum equilibriums. The numerical solution by explicit second-order Finite Differences (FD) scheme leads from a cold start to steady flow conditions, resolving for the water velocities vector field and the air bubbles’ concentration distribution. The flow configuration is repeated in laboratory conditions, and the velocity field is measured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. In this work, the numerical two-phase flow model and the hardware aspects of our measurement device are analyzed, followed by the comparison of the numerical and experimental results. This empowers the validity and credibility of the algorithm introduced. Finally, interesting conclusions are drawn regarding the operational use of the model.
Oral Sensory Issues with Feeding and Communication Skills in Autistic Children
Authors: Raj Nivedya Maria , Veena Kadiyali Damodar , Rajashekhar Bellur , Sreelakshmi Ashitha C. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Oral sensory, communication, and feeding issues are frequently observed to co-occur in autistic children. The study attempted to explore the association between oral sensory deficits, feeding, and communication deficits in autistic children.

Methods
Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS), Child Sensory Profile 2 (SP-2), and Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant/Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP) were administered to forty autistic children in the age range of 2.5-7 years. The correlation among the three domains was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results
A low negative correlation was found between SP-2 scores and CSBS-DP (r = −0.24, p = 0.13), indicating that the higher the oral sensory scores, the poorer the communication skills. SP-2 and BPFAS scores had a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.47, p = 0.002) i.e., higher scores in SP-2 were associated with higher scores in feeding, indicating that oral sensory issues were directly related to the feeding issues.

Conclusions
The overall findings indicated that the presence of oral sensory issues is associated with feeding and communication deficits in autistic children.

Study Registration
Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/07/02681
Disrupting Work and Leisure in Lockdown: the Case of the Soho Poly
Authors: Morrison Matthew , Osborn Guy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article takes as its point of departure the impact of Covid 19 on leisure and work and uses the London arts venue the Soho Poly as a lens through which to explore the profound disruption the pandemic represented. Beginning with a survey of the Soho Poly’s origins in the early 1970s, the authors demonstrate how these laid the groundwork for the venue’s current artistic policy of ‘disrupting the everyday’ with arts and culture. The authors then examine the Soho Poly’s output during 2020 and 2021 and suggest that key philosophies of temporal and spatial disruption in some senses found their moment in the particular circumstances of lockdown. Drawing on this observation, the authors consider how some of the discoveries prompted by the pandemic might be used by arts providers to rethink the ways in which arts and culture can continue to deconstruct, and disrupt, outmoded divisions between work and leisure.