bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Additives Synergy Strategy to Doctor‐Blade Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells under a Wide Range of Humidity from 45% to 82%
Authors: Li Hengyue , Feng Xiangxiang , Huang Keqing , Lu Siyuan , Wang Xinyue , Feng Erming , Chang Jianhui , Long Caoyu , Gao Yuanji , Chen Zhihui , Yi Chenyi , He Jun , Yang Junliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising and competitive photovoltaic technologies, and doctor‐blading is a facile and robust deposition technique to efficiently fabricate PSCs in large scale, especially matching with roll‐to‐roll process. Herein, it demonstrates the encouraging results of one‐step, antisolvent‐free doctor‐bladed methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) PSCs under a wide range of humidity from 45% to 82%. A synergy strategy of ionic‐liquid methylammonium acetate (MAAc) and molecular phenylurea additives is developed to modulate the morphology and crystallization process of MAPbI3 perovskite film, leading to high‐quality MAPbI3 perovskite film with large‐size crystal, low defect density, and ultrasmooth surface. Impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.34% is achieved for doctor‐bladed PSCs under the humidity over 80% with a device structure of ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Ag. It is the highest PCEs for one‐step solution‐processed MAPbI3 PSCs without antisolvent assistance. The research provides a facile and robust large‐scale deposition technique to fabricate highly efficient and stable PSCs under a wide range of humidity, even with the humidity over 80%.
Carbon Microstructure Dependent Li‐Ion Storage Behaviors in SiOx/C Anodes
Authors: Sun Qing , Li Jing , Yang Maoxiang , Wang Shang , Zeng Guifang , Liu Hongbin , Cheng Jun , Li Deping , Wei Youri , Si Pengchao , Tian Yanhong , Ci Lijie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSiOx anode has a more durable cycle life than Si, being considered competitive to replace the conventional graphite. SiOx usually serves as composites with carbon to achieve more extended cycle life. However, the carbon microstructure dependent Li‐ion storage behaviors in SiOx/C anode have received insufficient attention. Herein, this work demonstrates that the disorder of carbon can determine the ratio of inter‐ and intragranular Li‐ion diffusions. The resulted variation of platform characteristics will result in different compatibility when matching SiOx. Rational disorder induced intergranular diffusion can benefit phase transition of SiOx/C, benefiting the electrochemical performance. Through a series of quantitative calculations and in situ X‐ray diffraction characterizations, this work proposes the rational strategy for the future optimization, thus achieving preferable performance of SiOx/C anode.
Wafer‐Scale Single Crystal Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers Grown by Submicron‐Spacing Vapor Deposition
Authors: Wang Gaokai , Huang Jidong , Zhang Siyu , Meng Junhua , Chen Jingren , Shi Yiming , Jiang Ji , Li Jingzhen , Cheng Yong , Zeng Libin , Yin Zhigang , Zhang Xingwang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe direct growth of wafer‐scale single crystal two‐dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) layer with a controllable thickness is highly desirable for 2D‐material‐based device applications. Here, for the first time, a facile submicron‐spacing vapor deposition (SSVD) method is reported to achieve 2‐inch single crystal h‐BN layers with controllable thickness from monolayer to tens of nanometers on the dielectric sapphire substrates using a boron film as the solid source. In the SSVD growth, the boron film is fully covered by the same‐sized sapphire substrate with a submicron spacing, leading to an efficient vapor diffusion transport. The epitaxial h‐BN layer exhibits extremely high crystalline quality, as demonstrated by both a sharp Raman E2g vibration mode (12 cm−1) and a narrow X‐ray rocking curve (0.10°). Furthermore, a deep ultraviolet photodetector and a ZrS2/h‐BN heterostructure fabricated from the h‐BN layer demonstrate its fascinating properties and potential applications. This facile method to synthesize wafer‐scale single crystal h‐BN layers with controllable thickness paves the way to future 2D semiconductor‐based electronics and optoelectronics.
Towards low‐carbon transition: Coordinating development and decarbonisation in rural logistics
Authors: Bian Xiaoyu , Xu Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, there is a growing global call for low carbon development. However, there is no adequate low‐carbon policies to address the trade‐off between rural logistics development and low‐carbon goals. Jiangsu is one of the pilot sites for most of China's policy reforms and has the potential to develop a low carbon transformation of rural logistics. Therefore, we provide an in‐depth analysis of the above trade‐offs from an industrial perspective by integrating the key features of rural logistics into a unified framework and modelling a rural logistics system dynamic model using rural logistics in Jiangsu as a case study. We compare the development trend of Jiangsu's rural logistics industry from 2021 to 2030 under the traditional development model, the green image policy, the fixed carbon policy and the fixed carbon tax rebate policy. The findings show that, first, in the absence of policy intervention, rural logistics in Jiangsu will not actively adopt any low‐carbon behaviour, which will lead to an inevitable rise in CO2. Second, the simulation results in fixed carbon policy show that the policies that impose excessive burdens on rural logistics are invalid rural logistics that need enough funds to develop their own supply capacity and carbon abatement capacity. Third, the green image policy is more advantageous in addressing the trade‐offs between rural logistics development and the low‐carbon transition, which not only avoids burdening rural logistics but also improves the supply capacity of rural logistics by increasing the demand for rural logistics. Finally, the government can implement the green image policy in the early stage and then introduce the carbon tax rebate policy in the middle stage to improve and increase the capacity of the rural logistics sector to embrace low carbon transition, which can help implement subsequently implement the carbon tax rebate policy.
Microbial and solute transport through intact vadose zone cores of heterogeneous alluvial gravel under variably saturated conditions
Authors: Banasiak Laura J. , Weaver Louise , Humphries Bronwyn , Dann Rod , Blaurock Martina , Gosses Moritz , Pang Liping , Close Murray 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe movement of bacterial and viral pathogens through soil and vadose zone and subsequently into groundwater is a major public health concern. There are relatively few studies on the transport and fate of microbes through variably saturated vadose zone media compared with their transport in the soil and saturated groundwater zones. In this study, we investigated the transport of Escherichia coli, F‐RNA bacteriophage MS2, and a conservative solute tracer bromide through three intact vadose zone cores, under saturated (discharge rate ∼100 mm h−1) and unsaturated (discharge rate 10 and 0.5 mm h−1) flow conditions. The vadose zone media were sandy gravel overlying a sand lens in core 1, a heterogeneous SG mix in core 2, and SG with an open framework gravel lens through the middle of the core in core 3. The three flow regimes resulted in different transport characteristics through each of the cores. As expected, microbial transport through all cores was higher under saturated conditions, compared with unsaturated conditions. Overall, E. coli removal was consistently greater than that of MS2 phage irrespective of core media or flow conditions. There were relatively minor removals (factors of 1–2.5) of both microbes under saturated conditions, reductions of 2–3 orders of magnitude under the high flow unsaturated conditions, and almost complete removal (4 to >5 orders of magnitude) under the low flow unsaturated conditions. The much greater removal of microbes under unsaturated conditions has significant implications and potential benefits for land management decisions.
Medicine and Mobility in Nineteenth-Century British Literature, History, and Culture: An Introduction
Authors: Dinter Sandra , Schäfer-Althaus Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe introduction to this volume charts the major historical and cultural transformations of medicine and mobility in nineteenth-century Britain and the ways in which they interconnect. Sandra Dinter and Sarah Schäfer-Althaus explore the professionalisation, institutionalisation, and commercialisation of medical practice and research in conjunction with the effects of the transport revolution on British national and colonial identity, class, and gender. Registering the ambiguities, contradictions, and (dis-)continuities of these processes, they identify how medicine and mobility constituted, influenced, and transformed each other. The authors subsequently survey current positions and crossovers in mobility studies and the medical humanities, demonstrating how theoretical and methodological paradigms of both fields potentially inform each other. After setting the scene, the introduction presents the three conceptual sections of the volume and summarises the individual contributions.
Forced Migration and Evolving Responses to Queer Identity in the Muslim Family
Authors: Munir Laine , Noor Anila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScholarship on asylum seekers after they arrive in Europe often overlooks their families still at home. This chapter presents the case study of a transgender Muslim who has been awaiting asylum in Greece since 2018 and interrogates how his family experienced his persecution and flight from Pakistan. The data builds on international fieldwork with more than 20 queer asylum seekers in Pakistan and Europe to examine the question of how LGBTQIA+ refugees and their families navigate their vulnerabilities, everyday (in)securities and consequent strategic responses. The study employs the critical theory of transnational intersectionality to analyse multiple identities and fluid social connections across time and place. On the basis of six in-depth interviews, we explore the insecurities experienced by the asylum seeker’s family while the young man was in Pakistan and describe the family’s three shared stages of strategic responses: hiding, asserting religiosity and, finally, migration. The chapter also draws on official asylum applications, NGO reports, first-person written narratives and audio recordings collected over 6 months to illustrate how the youth’s life and departure balanced his individual needs for gender expression with the family’s collective need for relational well-being, everyday security and acceptance by their Islamic community.
‘She Died While Missing Us’: Experiences of Family Separation Among African Refugees in Israel
Authors: Yaron Mesgena Hadas , Baraka Usumain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBetween 2006 and 2013, approximately 64,000 African migrants and refugees entered Israel across the border with Egypt. Most of them arrived from Eritrea, Darfur and South Sudan. Due to Israel’s harsh migration laws and asylum policies, African refugees are not granted a legal status, which means, among other things, prolonged family separation with no prospects for family reunification. In this chapter, we explore the experiences of family separation among Sudanese and Eritrean refugees. In particular, we aim to understand the causes of family separation and how refugees who have been separated for years from their immediate and extended families live with the insecurity caused by separation. The data draws on ten semi-structured interviews, including eight with Sudanese and Eritrean refugees residing in Israel. In addition, we draw on our long-term experience of and activism with the asylum-seeker community in Israel. The findings suggest that while refugees experience administrative violence and are unable to change immigration regimes, they may however find ways to regain their sense of security, such as cultivating alternative social relationships and passing on their language and traditions to the next generation.
For the Greater Good: The Economic and Social Impacts of Irregular Migration on Families in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Akhigbe Allwell Oseahume , Effevottu Efetobor Stephanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines irregular migrants’ motivation for leaving Nigeria and the subsequent impact of their migration to Europe on the family left behind in Benin City, a migration hub. This chapter argues that young African migrants embody the family’s hopes for upward social mobility amidst extreme poverty; family members often prompt the migratory project and contribute their financial, spiritual and material resources to make the migration journey possible. In this way, despite the dangers related to irregular migration, particularly during the journey to Europe, families risk sacrificing some of their members in search of a better future. This chapter considers the following two questions: How do Nigerian irregular migrants in Europe contribute to the economic security of the families left behind? And what is the social impact of their absence? This qualitative study was carried out in Benin City and is based on 30 interviews with family members left behind by irregular migrants in Europe. The chapter reveals that while families reap benefits from the irregular migration of their kith and kin in the form of upward social mobility, migration inevitably results in strained family ties.
Grounding Dynamics of Labour Control and Labour Agency in GPNs Through an ‘Extended Single Embedded Case Study Design’
Authors: López Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the research design and methodology of this study. It starts by setting out the key philosophical assumptions underpinning this study, characterised by a constructivist or reflexive research approach. Drawing on Burawoy’s extended case study method and Yin’s single embedded case study model, the chapter then develops an ‘extended single embedded case study’ design for studying the interrelations between place-specific dynamics of labour control and labour agency, and broader governance dynamics in the garment GPN. The chapter further illustrates how, for this study, the Bangalore export-garment cluster was constructed as a single case with three local garment unions representing embedded sub-units of analysis. Thereafter, the data collection process through participant observations and in-depth interviews is described. In this context, the chapter discusses challenges and strategies for interviewing managers and state actors as well as workers and unions in light of the power relations, which structure interactions between the researcher and the research subjects. The chapter concludes by outlining the data preparation, analysis and interpretation process.
Union Agency in the Bangalore Export-garment Cluster: Linking Spaces of Organising, Spaces of Collaboration and Spaces of Contestation
Authors: López Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyses the networked agency strategies of three local garment unions in the Bangalore export-garment cluster. Drawing on the heuristic of three interrelated spaces of labour agency constructed by unions—spaces of organising, spaces of collaboration and spaces of contestation—the chapter highlights the various challenges for building sustained union bargaining power vis-à-vis employers. These challenges result on the one hand from the tight labour control regime and on the other hand from unions’ engagement with consumer organisations and donor NGOs from the Global North: When unions rely on financial support from NGOs instead of members’ contributions to fund their operations, and on moral power exercised by consumer organisations instead of associational power exercised by workers, unions risk constructing spaces of organising, collaboration and contestation that provide limited opportunities for workers and organisers to develop strategic capacities. Consequently, unions’ associational and organisational power remains limited. In contrast, when unions strategically use moral power resources from consumers to open up spaces for workplace organising and collective bargaining, this can enable unions to enhance their bargaining position vis-à-vis employers and thereby bring about sustained improvements for workers.
Generalized symmetries of topological field theories
Authors: Gripaios Ben , Randal-Williams Oscar , Tooby-Smith Joseph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study generalized symmetries in a simplified arena in which the usual quantum field theories of physics are replaced with topological field theories and the smooth structure with which the symmetry groups of physics are usually endowed is forgotten. Doing so allows many questions of physical interest to be answered using the tools of homotopy theory. We study both global and gauge symmetries, as well as ‘t Hooft anomalies, which we show fall into one of two classes. Our approach also allows some insight into earlier work on symmetries (generalized or not) of topological field theories.
Migration of Risk Classification Between the JAES Versus ATA guidelines for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Masudo Katsuhiko , Rino Yasushi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate outcomes in the same cohort of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) risk‐stratified according to the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery (JAES) and American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.MethodsA total of 1044 patients with PTC who underwent initial thyroidectomy at Yokohama City University Medical Center between January 2000 and June 2022 were included.ResultsAccording to the JAES guidelines, 480 (46%), 386 (37%), and 178 (17%) patients were classified as low, intermediate, or high risk, respectively. Furthermore, according to the ATA guidelines, 590 (57%), 261 (25%), and 193 (18%) patients were reclassified as low, intermediate, or high risk, respectively. Among 1044 patients with PTC, the 10‐year cause‐specific survival (CSS) rates of patients with JAES low and intermediate risk were 99.7 and 98.6%, respectively, and there was no statistically difference (p = 0.096). However, the 10‐year CSS rates of patients with ATA low and intermediate risk were 100 and 99.5%, respectively (p = 0.007). Among 1001 patients with M0 PTC, the 10‐year distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) rates of patients with JAES intermediate and high risk were 94.2, and 76.7%, respectively (p < 0.001). However, the 10‐year DMFS rates of patients with ATA intermediate and high risk were 88.1 and 86.6%, respectively (p = 0.233), and there was no statistically difference.ConclusionsBoth JAES and ATA risk classifications properly stratified the PTC patients. Furthermore, the ATA risk classification more precisely extracted patients with better and worse prognoses.
Good clinical scores, no evidence of excessive anterior tibial translation, a high return to sport rate and a low re-injury rate is observed following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstrings augmented with suture tape
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Edwards Peter , Annear Peter T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Augmented anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) techniques have been proposed to reduce the high reported re-injury rates and low rates of return to sport (RTS). This study reports clinical outcomes, RTS and re-injury rates in patients undergoing ACLR using autologous hamstrings augmented with suture tape.

Materials and methods
A total of 53 patients were prospectively recruited, undergoing ACLR using hamstrings with suture tape augmentation, combined with a structured rehabilitation programme. Outcomes were collected to 24 months, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), KT-1000 measurements, peak isokinetic knee strength and a four hop test battery. Limb Symmetry Indices (LSIs) were calculated for performance measures, whilst RTS rates, re-tears and re-operations were presented.

Results
There were no significant side-to-side differences in anterior tibial translation between the operated and non-operated knees at 6 months (p = 0.433), with no increase (p = 0.841) in side-to-side anterior tibial translation from 6 to 24 months. At 24 months, 98.0% of patients demonstrated normal (< 3 mm) or near normal (3–5 mm) side-to-side differences. LSIs for peak knee extensor torque (p < 0.0001) and the single (p = 0.001), triple (p = 0.001) and triple crossover (p < 0.0001) hop tests for distance significantly improved. All PROMs significantly improved (p < 0.0001), with 70.2% and 85.7% of patients actively participating in pivoting sports at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Three patients underwent secondary procedures for meniscal symptoms. One patient suffered an ACL re-tear (17 months), with no further ipsilateral or contralateral injuries.

Conclusion
ACLR with suture tape augmentation demonstrated no evidence of excessive anterior tibial translation, high-scoring PROMs, sound performance scores, a high rate of RTS and low re-injury rate.
An efficient edge/cloud medical system for rapid detection of level of consciousness in emergency medicine based on explainable machine learning models
Authors: El-Rashidy Nora , Sedik Ahmed , Siam Ali I. , Ali Zainab H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEmergency medicine (EM) is one of the attractive research fields in which researchers investigate their efforts to diagnose and treat unforeseen illnesses or injuries. There are many tests and observations are involved in EM. Detection of the level of consciousness is one of these observations, which can be detected using several methods. Among these methods, the automatic estimation of the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is studied in this paper. The GCS is a medical score used to describe a patient’s level of consciousness. This type of scoring system requires medical examination that may not be available with the shortage of the medical expert. Therefore, the automatic medical calculation for a patient’s level of consciousness is highly needed. Artificial intelligence has been deployed in several applications and appears to have a high performance regarding providing automatic solutions. The main objective of this work is to introduce the edge/cloud system to improve the efficiency of the consciousness measurement through efficient local data processing. Moreover, an efficient machine learning (ML) model to predict the level of consciousness of a certain patient based on the patient’s demographic, vital signs, and laboratory tests is proposed, as well as maintaining the explainability issue using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) that provides natural language explanation in a form that helps the medical expert to understand the final prediction. The developed ML model is validated using vital signs and laboratory tests extracted from the MIMIC III dataset, and it achieves superior performance (mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.269, mean square error (MSE) = 0.625, R2 score = 0.964). The resulting model is accurate, medically intuitive, and trustworthy.