bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity Measure for Postacute Care “6-Clicks” Mobility Scores Predict Length of Stay Following Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Schaffler Benjamin , Bieganowski Thomas , Arraut Jerry , Rozell Joshua C. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Marwin Scott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNo studies have identified length of stay (LOS) predictors following hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). The activity measure for postacute care (AM-PAC) score is a readily available tool that may allow physicians to predict LOS in patients undergoing HRA. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent HRA between February 2017 and April 2021. All patients completed AM-PAC mobility score on postoperative day 0. Age, American Society of Anesthesiology class, body mass index, surgical time, and Charlson comorbidity index were included as possible predictors of LOS. Predictive models were generated predictive for LOS times of more than 24 and more than 48 hours. Analysis was used to determine c. We identified 262 male patients who completed AM-PAC scores following HRA. Patients with a LOS more than 24 hours had significantly lower AM-PAC scores than patients with a LOS less than 24 hours (23.43 ± 1.37 vs. 19.76 ± 2.78; p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with a LOS more than 48 hours had significantly lower AM-PAC scores than patients with a LOS less than 48 hours (22.08 ± 2.56 vs. 18.17 ± 2.23; p < 0.001). AM-PAC scores were 84.5% accurate for predicting LOS more than 24 hours and 86.3% for LOS more than 48 hours. Patients with scores less than 23 were at higher risk for LOS more than 24 hours and less than 19 were likely to have a LOS more than 48 hours. AM-PAC scores following HRA were predictive of LOS. Providers may use the cutoffs in this analysis to determine how mobility influences LOS following HRA. This is a Level III evidence, retrospective cohort study.
Adsorption of DNA nucleobases on single-layer Ti3C2 MXene and graphene: vdW-corrected DFT and NEGF studies
Authors: Tayo Benjamin O. , Walkup Michael A. , Caliskan Serkan 
Published: August 2023

We investigated the interaction of DNA nucleobases [adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C)] with single-layer Ti3C2 MXene using Van der Waals (vdW)-corrected density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function methods. All calculations were benchmarked against graphene. We showed that depending on the initial vertical height of a nucleobase above the Ti3C2 surface, two interaction mechanisms are possible, namely, physisorption and chemisorption. For graphene, DNA nucleobases always physisorbed onto the graphene surface irrespective of the initial vertical height of the nucleobase above the graphene sheet. The PBE+vdW binding energies for graphene are high (0.55–0.74 eV) and follow the order G &gt; A &gt; T &gt; C, with adsorption heights in the range of 3.16–3.22 Å, indicating strong physisorption. For Ti3C2, the PBE+vdW binding energies are relatively weaker (0.16–0.20 eV) and follow the order A &gt; G = T &gt; C, with adsorption heights in the range of 5.51–5.60 Å, indicating weak physisorption. The binding energies for chemisorption follow the order G &gt; A &gt; T &gt; C, which is the same order for physisorption. The binding energy values (5.3–7.5 eV) indicate very strong chemisorption (∼40 times larger than the physisorption binding energies). Furthermore, our band structure and electronic transport analysis showed that for physisorption, there is neither significant variation in the band structure nor modulation in the transmission function and device density of states. The relatively weak physisorption and strong chemisorption show that Ti3C2 might not be capable of identifying DNA nucleobases using the physisorption method.
Design of vacuum system for NCST spherical tokamak
Authors: Huang Fu Hua , Xiao Dong Hua , Chen Xiao Chang , Chen Hui , Liu San Qiu 
Published: August 2023

The NanChang Spherical Tokamak (NCST) is a new compact tokamak with an aspect ratio of R/a = 1.67. The vacuum system is one of the most important sub-systems of the tokamak device and has been designed especially for the NCST device. It consists of three main parts: a pumping system, a gas puffing system, and a wall conditioning system. The pumping system includes two turbo-molecular pumps, a cryopump, and two rotary pumps. The gas puffing system consists of a gas supply, transfer lines, a gas reservoir, pressure gauges, and piezoelectric valves. The wall conditioning system includes baking and glow discharge cleaning functions. The vacuum system and related experimental results are described in detail in this paper. The test results indicate that the NCST vacuum system is reliable. Inside the vessel, the ultimate pressure reached 4.2 × 10−6 Pa after 307 h of pumping. The upgraded gas puffing system can accurately control the gas entering the vacuum vessel. The wall conditioning systems, such as those for baking and glow discharge cleaning, also play a very important role in plasma operation. The plasma discharge results show that the basic function of the vacuum system meets the essential requirements of the present experiments on the NCST tokamak.
Experiment and analysis of drop-weight damping control of MR semi-active impact resistance-based hydraulic actuator
Authors: Ma Baizhou , Huang Hui , Tang Hongjian , Huang Qiufang , Lin Xiufang , Chen Shumei , Li Weiwen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The impact vibration caused by sudden changes in the external load of hydraulic actuators reduces the service life of hydraulic components and limits the high-precision applications of hydraulic actuators. Therefore, to improve the underdamped characteristics and impact resistance of valve-controlled cylinder systems, a semi-active impact resistance control of hydraulic actuator based on magnetorheological damper (MRD) is proposed. Firstly, based on the shear force characteristics of magnetorheological fluid, a multi-stage flow channel MRD is designed, which is connected in series with the hydraulic actuator to form a hydraulic damping actuator (HDA). Meanwhile, based on the mechanical experimental data, the parameters of MRD dynamic model are identified to ensure the accuracy of MRD output force. Secondly, a drop weight impact model is established, and a sliding mode controller which can track the command current in real time is designed, so as to realize the resistance force coupling between the MRD and the hydraulic actuator for improving the impact resistance control effect. Then the dynamic performance test and impact resistance simulation program are established to verify the excellent dynamic performance and impact resistance effect of the HDA with the sliding mode control. Finally, the drop weight impact experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that under the impact with a height of 200 mm, the dynamic offset of the HDA is only −1.25 mm, and the time to return to the original position is 0.08 s, which validate the excellent performance of the proposed scheme in improving the underdamped characteristics of the valve-controlled cylinder system and the dynamic response performance of the hydraulic actuator.
DEMNUni: the imprint of massive neutrinos on the cross-correlation between cosmic voids and CMB lensing
Authors: Vielzeuf Pauline , Calabrese Matteo , Carbone Carmelita , Fabbian Giulio , Baccigalupi Carlo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cosmic voids are a powerful probe of cosmology and are one of the core observables of upcoming galaxy surveys. The cross-correlations between voids and other large-scale structure tracers such as galaxy clustering and galaxy lensing have been shown to be very sensitive probes of cosmology and among the most promising to probe the nature of gravity and the neutrino mass. However, recent measurements of the void imprint on the lensed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) have been shown to be in tension with expectations based on LCDM simulations, hinting to a possibility of non-standard cosmological signatures due to massive neutrinos. In this work we use the DEMNUni cosmological simulations with massive neutrino cosmologies to study the neutrino impact on voids selected in photometric surveys, as well as on the void-CMB lensing cross-correlation. We show how the void properties observed in this way (size function, profiles) are affected by the presence of massive neutrinos compared to the neutrino massless case, and show how these can vary as a function of the selection method of the void sample. We comment on the possibility for massive neutrinos to be the source of the aforementioned tension. Finally, we identify the most promising setup to detect signatures of massive neutrinos in the voids-CMB lensing cross-correlation and define a new quantity useful to distinguish among different neutrino masses by comparing future observations against predictions from simulations including massive neutrinos.
Phase shifting angle interferometer
Authors: Eves B J , Leroux I D , Cen A J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A phase shifting Twymann-Green interferometer for the measurement of plane angle has been developed and characterized using a small-angle generator directly traceable to the definition of the radian. The impact of surface form on the measured angle was explored using a simple deformable mirror. The angle sensitivity of the interferometer did not depend upon the surface form. Comparison of the calibrations of two polygons and two angle gauge blocks by both the angle interferometer and a commercial autocollimator showed excellent agreement with normalized errors of less than 0.4. The standard uncertainty for the angle interferometer when measuring the polygons was less than 0.02.
Microwave assisted pyrolysis of biomass feedstock fundamentals and the effect of process parameters - A Review
Authors: Hamzah Husam Talib , Veluru Sridevi , Hasan Hikmat Mohammed , Abed Hayder Yousif , Mahdi Husam Salah , Hamdullah Noor Abdulqader , Tukarambai M. , Poiba Venkata Rao , Srikanth R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Globally, biomass usage as a supply of non-depletable resources materials used in the production of energy at their rawest state is an issue. Pyrolysis is a method of thermally treating biomass that as a consequence in the formation of liquid, products, both solid and gaseous. Elevated heating is required to transform the complicated composition of the biomass’s underlying structure matrix into usable products. Heating with a microwave oven has the potential to become a competitive option. to more traditional methods of heating. Owing to its ease of operation and rapid heating rate, it has recently been widely employed in pyrolysis. The goals of this research are to found the principles of MW-assisted pyrolysis action and to examine some critical issues characteristics of operation that have an influence on the yield of a product. This procedure appears to be governed by a number of operational factors for instance, microwave power and temperature degree, the addition of microwave absorbers and their concentration, initial relative humidity, primary sweep gas flow rate/time spent in residence.
Hybrid Cooling System for Solar Photovoltaic Panel
Authors: Azmi M.S.F.M. , Hussain M.H. , Rahim S.R.A. , Mid E.C. , Shaari A.S. , Hashim N. , Husny N. , Ahmad M.F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) panel is one of the renewable sources of energy and produced daily nowadays. Solar panel systems have efficiency influenced by different factors, such as ambient temperature, solar panel temperature, sunlight, weather, and irradiation. The increasing of the temperature of the solar PV panel decreases its efficiency and lifetime. Thus, to maintain and decrease the temperature of the PV cell, cooling system is required. This paper presents the hybrid (water and air) cooling system method for solar PV panel. The method has been designed and developed to lower and stable the operating temperature of the system considering different weather conditions. The results revealed that the hybrid cooling system has shown improvement of output power solar PV panel as compared with water cooling system only. Furthermore, the proposed method managed to improve efficiency approximately to 4.5%.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Sensitivity of Unclad Fiber-Optic Sensors
Authors: Hashim Azrad Mohamad , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Qazi Hummad Habib , Noor Muhammad Yusof Mohd , Azmi Asrul Izam , Ibrahim Mohd Haniff , Manap Hadi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work presents the effect of surface roughness‘s effect on transmission characteristics and the sensitivity of unclad fiber optic sensor (FOS). A total of three samples with different surface roughness were fabricated using the chemical etching technique using different chemical solutions which are 49% hydrofluoric acid (HF), 5:1 Buffered Oxide Etchants (BOE), and 7:1 BOE to analyze the spectrum behavior and the performance of these samples. All samples were fabricated by immersing the 4 cm of sensing zone inside the chemical solution according to the etching rate of that solution. Every sample fabricated will be measured using five different concentrations of glucose which were 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, and 25g as an experiment medium. From the measurement, the results obtained will be analyzed and the graphs were plotted. The power loss for all solutions were analyzed and the least recorded power loss is 32.49 dB exhibited by FOS fabricated in the 49% HF solution while the best sensitivity in terms of power loss is FOS fabricated in the 5:1 BOE solution with the highest sensitivity of 9.526 dB/g at 5g of glucose concentration.
Intensity Ratio Distribution in Different Dielectric Liquids using Kerr Effect Method
Authors: Zakaria Z. N. , Sanordi M. S. , Laili M. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Light intensity is the result from the Kerr effect measurement that can be used in determining the electric field distributions in dielectric liquids as the analysis continues afterwards. One of the most important parameters to consider in designing the Kerr effect experiment is the Kerr constant of the test liquid. This paper aims to study and compare light intensity distribution in different dielectric liquids using Kerr effect method. Propylene carbonate, transformer oil and purified water are used as the test liquids. From the results obtained, the light intensities as a function of electric field of the test liquids are compared. With higher Kerr constant, low voltages can be applied to the test liquid but with larger optical signals. Furthermore, the length of the electrodes can be designed accordingly to suit the experimental setup.
Modelling and simulation of PLC controlled semi automatic rotary indexing system for assembly of foot valve
Authors: Cheguri Srinivas , Venkata Ramana E , Namala Kiran Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A PLC controlled semi-automatic rotary indexing system for assembly of foot valve is modelled and simulated using CATIA and Automation Studio. It is comprised of part feeders (Conveyors and vibratory bowl feeder), face plate, fixtures, components of foot valve (Body, cap, seal carrier, seal and cover) and electro-pneumatic system (Electro-pneumatic pick & place system and electro-pneumatic press) which are modelled using CATIA. The kinematic model of rotary indexing mechanism is successfully verified with ADAMS. The electro-pneumatic system that involves an electro-pneumatic circuit, PLC input/output cards and necessary HMI is designed and simulated using Automation Studio. The electro-pneumatic system works under the PLC ladder logic to assemble the parts of foot valve. The semi-automatic rotary indexing system is integrated and synchronized with PLC controlled electro-pneumatic system to complete the assembly of foot valve. A digital prototype is developed and verified through simulation for kinematics and process control using ADAMS and Automation Studio respectively.
Feature extraction and classification of epileptic seizures from combined EEG and ECG signals
Authors: Zougagh Lahcen , Bouyghf Hamid , Nahid Mohammed , Ouacha Brahim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Research has been conducted to support an automatic diagnosis system that will relieve clinicians of their weary work by detecting epileptic seizures. In this paper, we suggest a novel method to automatically identify epilepsy crises based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The work to detect epileptic seizures from EEG and ECG signals is carried out in three stages. In the first stage, simultaneous EEG and ECG recordings captured from 24 channels are segmented into 10-second periods (where 23 are the EEG signals and one is the ECG signal). In the second stage, the extraction of the parameters of each channel from the time domain and, finally, the classification of the EEG and ECG signals into epileptic seizure and normal have been done using ANN. Experiment analysis shows that using the ECG signal as extra information has a high capacity for classification.
Classification Size of Underground Object from Ground Penetrating Radar Image using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Azalan Mohd Shuhanaz Zanar , Esian Tang , Ali Hasimah , Zaidi Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad , Amran Tengku Sarah Tengku 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a useful tool in detecting subsurface object or hidden structure defects However, the time-consuming problems and high requirement of professional manpower is required to analyse the GPR data. Machine learning is a tool that endowed with the ability to learn, and it can reduce time taken for the GPR data analysing. To simplify the identification process, a framework is proposed to classify the size of underground metallic pipe by using Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) as a feature extraction algorithm. Two machine learning algorithms namely Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Backpropagation Neural Network were proposed to classify the size of the underground metallic pipe. As a result, the accuracy from the identification is more than 98% for both classifier algorithm.
Computer-vision-powered Automatic Waste Sorting Bin: a Machine Learning-based Solution on Waste Management
Authors: Limsila Tinapat , Sirimangkalalo Aphiphu , Chuengwutigool Wasutha , Feng Weinian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mainstream waste separation methods – recycle bins and manual separation – are time consuming, prone to error, and human labor intensive. Robots have demonstrated their superior efficiency at repetitive task over human’s time to time again. This research implements and evaluate a computer-vision-powered Automatic Waste Sorting Bin, which is capable to classify the waste types in a short time with high efficiency. Controlled and classified using a Raspberry pi and a camera, the bin can detect the waste type and drop it in the right bin accordingly. The dataset on which the model is trained on is relatively small. An image of the waste is first captured with the camera, and then analyzed using a YOLOv5 model. Parameters that yield the optimal result are 150 epochs with a YOLOv5l with an accuracy of 93.33 %. To improve the model’s performance, we experimented with different epoch settings and measured the results. The setup proposed with this paper provides an automated solution to replace the mainstream methods of waste separation. This paper provides a low-cost and flexible solution that can be easily replicated and trained with a larger dataset to acquire a better result. Future research may reference this paper as a proof of concept and/or an implementation for a streamlined solution.
Smooth and collision-free path planning for holonomic mobile robot based RRT-Connect
Authors: Aljamali Yaaqob Saad , Juhairi Aziz Safar M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Robot navigation is a crucial aspect of any mobile robot system. Many path planners generate a path that is zigzag in nature and contains many sharp or angular turns. Such courses are not adequate for a mobile robot to follow as it has to slow down and then speed up at these sharp turns. Thus, the integration of the smoothing function is a vital aspect to generate smooth and continuous paths. Moreover, a collision check after path smoothing needs to be accounted for a possible collision with obstacles surrounding. Herein, a path pruning algorithm is utilized to reduce the total path waypoints. Then a piecewise cubic B-spline smoothing function is applied to ensure the path is smooth and continuous. In addition, a post-smoothing collision checking and improvement algorithm based on mid-point insertion for the collide segments is proposed. Experiments and comparisons with the geometric RRT-Connect path planner have shown that the inclusion of a path pruning algorithm, smoothing function and post-smoothing collision check generates better results with reduced path length.
Numerical investigation of alpha Stirling engine performance based on ideal and actual adiabatic analysis
Authors: Salih Sajjad A. , Aljashaami Baseem A. , Alwan Naseer T. , Qasim Mohammed A. , Mola Ahmed H. , Majeed Milia H. , Shcheklein Sergey E. , Velkin Vladimir I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article discusses in detail the adiabatic models investigations of alpha Stirling engine with study the influence of performance factors; adiabatic analysis is a crucially effective method because it is close to the real and practical engines when compared to isothermal analysis. The numerical model was created using MATLAB software, an extremely useful tool for solving equations. The study includes two adiabatic analysis models: the ideal model, which considers heat transfer is the duty of the heater and cooler when the regenerator is ideal, and the simple model, which considers the loss and the transfer of heat between the regenerator matrix and the working fluid.
Equivalent Modeling Method for Screw Joints Based on Stiffness Calculation
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Ruan Ping , Hao Wei , Xie Meilin , Song Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of an assembly with screw joints has to rely on the equivalent modeling of the screw joint and accurate kinetic properties analysis. In this paper, an equivalent modeling method for screw joints based on stiffness calculation is proposed. With the solid model of the screw-coupled member, the equivalent virtual material parameters that can characterize the mechanical properties of the joint surface of the coupled member are obtained by calculating the joint surface stiffness, and then the accurate parametric modeling of the screw joints is realized. In addition, the vibration modal test platform for screw joints is built. By comparing the frequency response function obtained from the experiment with that obtained from the equivalent model simulation, it is found that the errors of the 1st-order and 2nd-order bending natural frequencies of the cantilever beam are 3.96% and 5.5%, respectively, and the simulation analysis results are of high accuracy. Furthermore, by comparing the first 6th-order of natural frequencies of the cantilever beam, the maximum frequency deviation between the simulation analysis results and the test results is ≤ 7%, and the average frequency deviation is 4.67%, which can better reflect the mechanical properties of the screw joint.