bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peristaltic transport of Rabinowitsch nanofluid with moving microorganisms
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe key objective of the current examination is to examine a symmetrically peristaltic movement of microorganisms in a Rabinowitsch fluid (RF). The Boussinesq approximation, buoyancy-driven flow, where the density with gravity force term is taken as a linear function of heat and concentrations, is kept in mind. The flow moves with thermophoretic particle deposition in a horizontal tube with peristalsis. The heat distribution and volume concentration are revealed by temperature radiation and chemical reaction characteristics. The originality of the existing study arises from the importance of realizing the benefits or the threats that nanoparticles, microbes, and bacteria cause in the flow inside peristaltic tubes. The results are an attempt to understand what factors perform additional advantages and or reduce damages. The controlling nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are made simpler by employing the long wavelength (LWL) and low-Reynolds numeral (LRN) approximations. These equations are subjected to a set of non-dimensional transformations that result in a collection of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By employing the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), the configuration of equational analytical solutions is examined. Analytical and graphical descriptions are provided for the distributions of axial speed, heat, microbes, and nanoparticles under the influence of these physical characteristics. The important findings of the current work may help to comprehend the properties of several variations in numerous biological situations. It is found that the microorganisms condensation decays with the rise of all the operational parameters. This means that the development of all these factors benefits in shrinking the existence of harmful microbes, viruses, and bacteria in the human body’s peristaltic tubes, especially in the digestive system, and large and small intestines.
Disease severity classification using passively collected smartphone-based keystroke dynamics within multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hoeijmakers Aleide , Licitra Giovanni , Meijer Kim , Lam Ka-Hoo , Molenaar Pam , Strijbis Eva , Killestein Joep 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The level of disability of people with MS (pwMS) is based on a wide range of clinical measures, though their frequency of evaluation and inaccuracies coming from objective and self-reported evaluations limits these assessments. Alternatively, remote health monitoring through devices can offer a cost-efficient solution to gather more reliable, objective measures continuously. Measuring smartphone keyboard interactions is a promising tool since typing and, thus, keystroke dynamics are likely influenced by symptoms that pwMS can experience. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate whether keyboard interactions gathered on a person’s smartphone can provide insight into the clinical status of pwMS leveraging machine learning techniques. In total, 24 Healthy Controls (HC) and 102 pwMS were followed for one year. Next to continuous data generated via smartphone interactions, clinical outcome measures were collected and used as targets to train four independent multivariate binary classification pipelines in discerning pwMS versus HC and estimating the level of disease severity, manual dexterity and cognitive capabilities. The final models yielded an AUC-ROC in the hold-out set above 0.7, with the highest performance obtained in estimating the level of fine motor skills (AUC-ROC=0.753). These findings show that keyboard interactions combined with machine learning techniques can be used as an unobtrusive monitoring tool to estimate various levels of clinical disability in pwMS from daily activities and with a high frequency of sampling without increasing patient burden.
A multinational empirical study of perceived cyber barriers to automated vehicles deployment
Authors: Khan Shah Khalid , Shiwakoti Nirajan , Stasinopoulos Peter , Warren Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe digital transformation of Automated Vehicles (AVs) has raised concerns in the cyber realm among prospective AV consumers. However, there is a dearth of empirical research on how cyber obstacles may impact the operation of AVs. To address this knowledge gap, this study examines the six critical cyber impediments (data privacy, AV connectivity, ITS infrastructure, lack of cybersecurity regulations, AV cybersecurity understanding, and AV cyber-insurance) that influence the deployment of AVs. The impact of gender, age, income level, and individual AV and cybersecurity knowledge on these obstacles are statistically assessed using a sample of 2061 adults from the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. The research revealed intriguing empirical findings on all cyber barriers in the form of a trichotomy: participants' education level, understanding of AVs, and cybersecurity knowledge. As education levels increase, the significance of a cyber barrier to AV deployment decreases; however, as AV comprehension and cybersecurity knowledge increase, the perception of a cyber barrier becomes significantly more important. In addition, the study demonstrates differences in perceptions of cyber barriers and AV deployments based on gender, age, income, and geographic location. This study's findings on cyber barriers and AV deployment have implications for academia and industry.
Comparison of the combined use of CNV-seq and karyotyping or QF-PCR in prenatal diagnosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xu Zhihong , Chen Quan , Chen Huijuan , Ding Xiaoli , Liu Lin , Xiao Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo elevate the accuracy of diagnostic results, CNV-seq is usually performed simultaneously with karyotyping or QF-PCR. Although several studies have investigated the performance of the combined use of CNV-seq with karyotyping or QF-PCR, there have been no reports focusing on the comparison of these 2 diagnostic strategies. In our study, 2507 pregnant women were included to investigate these 2 strategies. The detection rates of foetal genetic abnormalities and turnaround time were compared between these 2 groups. Moreover, the detection rates of foetal genetic abnormalities in different indications were analyzed. Our results unveiled that the detection rates of numerical chromosomal abnormalities were nearly the same in these 2 groups. In addition to numerical chromosomal abnormalities, 39 balanced karyotypic changes and chromosome polymorphisms were detected via the combined use of karyotyping and CNV-seq. Further investigation revealed that the vast majority of these karyotypic changes were inherited from parents. Compared with the karyotyping group, the combination of QF-PCR and CNV-seq reduced the reporting time from 31.593 ± 4.944 days to 11.460 ± 4.894 days. Meanwhile, NIPT, maternal serum screening and ultrasound scan significantly improved the detection of foetal genetic abnormalities. In conclusion, our results revealed that parental karyotyping is a useful supplementary method for CNV-seq and systematic prenatal examinations improved the detection of foetal genetic defects.
Detection of Babesia bovis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with improved thermostability, sensitivity and alternative visualization methods
Authors: Arnuphapprasert Apinya , Nugraheni Yudhi Ratna , Aung Aung , Asada Masahito , Kaewthamasorn Morakot 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBovine babesiosis is one of the most economically important tick-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. A conventional microscopic diagnosis is typically used because it is inexpensive and expeditious. However, it is highly dependent on well-trained microscopists and tends to be incapable of detecting subpatent and chronic infections. Here, we developed a novel nucleic acid-based amplification method using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in conjunction with a colori-fluorometric dual indicator for the rapid and accurate detection of Babesia bovis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We aimed to improve the thermostability, sensitivity, specificity, and alternative visualization of LAMP-based methods. We assessed its diagnostic performance compared to two conventional PCR agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-AGE) methods. The thermostability of LAMP reaction mixtures and DNA templates in variable conditions was also assessed. In addition, we evaluated alternative visualization methods using different light sources including neon, LED, and UV lights. We found that the LAMP-neon was ten times more sensitive than the PCR-AGE, while the LAMP-LED and LAMP-UV were 1,000 times more sensitive. The current LAMP method showed no cross-amplification with uninfected cattle DNA or other common blood parasites in cattle, including Babesia bigemina, Theileria orientalis, Anaplasma marginale, and Trypanosoma evansi. In addition, the developed LAMP method has good thermostability and the potential for on-site utility as B. bovis DNA could still be detected up to 72 h after initial preparation. Our findings suggested that the developed LAMP method provides an alternative approach for B. bovis detection with sensitivity higher than PCR-AGE diagnostics, high specificity, and the flexibility to use neon, LED, and UV light sources for positive signal observations.
Accuracy and feasibility of a novel fine hand motor skill assessment using computer vision object tracking
Authors: Kim Bokkyu , Neville Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe developed a computer vision-based three-dimension (3D) motion capture system employing two action cameras to examine fine hand motor skill by tracking an object manipulated by a hand. This study aimed to examine the accuracy and feasibility of this approach for detecting changes in a fine hand motor skill. We conducted three distinct experiments to assess the system's accuracy and feasibility. We employed two high-resolution, high-frame-rate action cameras. We evaluated the accuracy of our system in calculating the 3D locations of moving object in various directions. We also examined the system's feasibility in identifying improvement in fine hand motor skill after practice in eleven non-disabled young adults. We utilized color-based object detection and tracking to estimate the object's 3D location, and then we computed the object's kinematics, representing the endpoint goal-directed arm reaching movement. Compared to ground truth measurements, the findings demonstrated that our system can adequately estimate the 3D locations of a moving object. We also showed that the system can be used to measure the endpoint kinematics of goal-directed arm reaching movements to detect changes in fine hand motor skill after practice. Future research is needed to confirm the system's reliability and validity in assessing fine hand motor skills in patient populations.
Lack of GPR180 ameliorates hepatic lipid depot via downregulation of mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Yokota Kazuha , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Matsumoto Ayumi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Iwamoto Sadahiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur previous genome-wide association study to explore genetic loci associated with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Japan suggested four candidate loci, which were mapped to chr6, chr7, chr12 and chr13. The present study aimed to identify the locus involved functionally in NAFLD around the association signal observed in chr13. Chromosome conformation capture assay and a database survey suggested the intermolecular interaction among DNA fragments in association signals with the adjacent four coding gene promoters. The four genes were further screened by knockdown (KD) in mice using shRNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV8), and KD of G protein-coupled receptor 180 (Gpr180) showed amelioration of hepatic lipid storage. Gpr180 knockout (KO) mice also showed ameliorated hepatic and plasma lipid levels without influencing glucose metabolism after high-fat diet intake. Transcriptome analyses showed downregulation of mTORC1 signaling and cholesterol homeostasis, which was confirmed by weakened phosphorylation of mTOR and decreased activated SREBP1 in Gpr180KO mice and a human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). AAV8-mediated hepatic rescue of GPR180 expression in KO mice showed recovery of plasma and hepatic lipid levels. In conclusion, ablation of GPR180 ameliorated plasma and hepatic lipid levels, which was mediated by downregulation of mTORC1 signaling.
Structural basis underlying the synergism of NADase and SLO during group A Streptococcus infection
Authors: Tsai Wei-Jiun , Lai Yi-Hsin , Shi Yong-An , Hammel Michal , Duff Anthony P. , Whitten Andrew E. , Wilde Karyn L. , Wu Chun-Ming , Knott Robert , Jeng U-Ser , Kang Chia-Yu , Hsu Chih-Yu , Wu Jian-Li , Tsai Pei-Jane , Chiang-Ni Chuan , Wu Jiunn-Jong , Lin Yee-Shin , Liu Ching-Chuan , Senda Toshiya , Wang Shuying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) is a strict human pathogen possessing a unique pathogenic trait that utilizes the cooperative activity of NAD+-glycohydrolase (NADase) and Streptolysin O (SLO) to enhance its virulence. How NADase interacts with SLO to synergistically promote GAS cytotoxicity and intracellular survival is a long-standing question. Here, the structure and dynamic nature of the NADase/SLO complex are elucidated by X-ray crystallography and small-angle scattering, illustrating atomic details of the complex interface and functionally relevant conformations. Structure-guided studies reveal a salt-bridge interaction between NADase and SLO is important to cytotoxicity and resistance to phagocytic killing during GAS infection. Furthermore, the biological significance of the NADase/SLO complex in GAS virulence is demonstrated in a murine infection model. Overall, this work delivers the structure-functional relationship of the NADase/SLO complex and pinpoints the key interacting residues that are central to the coordinated actions of NADase and SLO in the pathogenesis of GAS infection.
Extracellular vesicle-derived circCEBPZOS attenuates postmyocardial infarction remodeling by promoting angiogenesis via the miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 axis
Authors: Yu Ling , Liang Yubin , Zhang Minzhou , Yang Phillip C. , Hinek Aleksander , Mao Shuai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmerging studies indicate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their inner circular RNAs (circRNAs), play key roles in the gene regulatory network and cardiovascular repair. However, our understanding of EV-derived circRNAs in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains limited. Here we show that the level of circCEBPZOS is downregulated in serum EVs of patients with the adverse cardiac remodeling compared with those without post-MI remodeling or normal subjects. Loss-of-function approaches in vitro establish that circCEBPZOS robustly promote angiogenesis. Overexpression of circCEBPZOS in mice attenuates MI-induced left ventricular dysfunction, accompanied by a larger functional capillary network at the border zone. Further exploration of the downstream target gene indicates that circCEBPZOS acts as a competing endogenous RNA by directly binding to miR-1178-3p and thereby inducing transcription of its target gene phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1). Together, our results reveal that circCEBPZOS attenuates detrimental post-MI remodeling via the miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 axis, which facilitates revascularization, ultimately improving the cardiac function.
Multivariate functional neuroimaging analyses reveal that strength-dependent face expectations are represented in higher-level face-identity areas
Authors: Blank Helen , Alink Arjen , Büchel Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPerception is an active inference in which prior expectations are combined with sensory input. It is still unclear how the strength of prior expectations is represented in the human brain. The strength, or precision, of a prior could be represented with its content, potentially in higher-level sensory areas. We used multivariate analyses of functional resonance imaging data to test whether expectation strength is represented together with the expected face in high-level face-sensitive regions. Participants were trained to associate images of scenes with subsequently presented images of different faces. Each scene predicted three faces, each with either low, intermediate, or high probability. We found that anticipation enhances the similarity of response patterns in the face-sensitive anterior temporal lobe to response patterns specifically associated with the image of the expected face. In contrast, during face presentation, activity increased for unexpected faces in a typical prediction error network, containing areas such as the caudate and the insula. Our findings show that strength-dependent face expectations are represented in higher-level face-identity areas, supporting hierarchical theories of predictive processing according to which higher-level sensory regions represent weighted priors.
RNA helicase DDX3X modulates herpes simplex virus 1 nuclear egress
Authors: Khadivjam Bita , Bonneil Éric , Thibault Pierre , Lippé Roger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDDX3X is a mammalian RNA helicase that regulates RNA metabolism, cancers, innate immunity and several RNA viruses. We discovered that herpes simplex virus 1, a nuclear DNA replicating virus, redirects DDX3X to the nuclear envelope where it surprisingly modulates the exit of newly assembled viral particles. DDX3X depletion also leads to an accumulation of virions in intranuclear herniations. Mechanistically, we show that DDX3X physically and functionally interacts with the virally encoded nuclear egress complex at the inner nuclear membrane. DDX3X also binds to and stimulates the incorporation in mature particles of pUs3, a herpes kinase that promotes viral nuclear release across the outer nuclear membrane. Overall, the data highlights two unexpected roles for an RNA helicase during the passage of herpes simplex viral particles through the nuclear envelope. This reveals a highly complex interaction between DDX3X and viruses and provides new opportunities to target viral propagation.
Animal Genetics for Chemists
Authors: Wilkins Ralph G 
Published: February 2023

Accounts are appearing on some facet of genetics in nearly every issue of scientific magazines and often in the daily newspapers. This book sets out to cover the fundamentals of the subject without the details in a much larger genetics text in order to provide background reading for those not studying the subject. It features humans (a lot), other mammals (a good deal) and occasionally other animals to illustrate principles. Although many of the important concepts were established with prokaryotes and plants, the text is confined to animals in order to keep the book a manageable size and since now many of the concepts can be explained using the animal kingdom.
Supported with numerous figures and short vignettes, often from current areas of research such as tackling cystic fibrosis with gene directed drugs, genetic analysis of Richard III remains or reconstructing woolly mammoth haemoglobin, the reader will be entertained as they gain knowledge about this important area without going too deeply into the subject. Written in an appealing style, it will be useful to a wide audience from chemists, pharmacists and healthcare professionals.
The Chemistry of Money
Authors: Rohrig Brian 
Published: February 2023

Did you know that some societies once used giant rocks for money? Why do some coins have holes in them? Will plastic soon replace paper currency?
The history of money closely parallels the history of chemistry, with advances in material science leading to advances in our physical currency. From the earliest examples of money, through the rise of coins, paper, plastic and beyond, with excursions into corrosion and counterfeiting along the way, this book provides a chemist’s eye view into the history of the cash in our pockets.
Written in an accessible style that will appeal to the layperson and scientist alike, The Chemistry of Money will be sure to both enlighten and entertain. You will never look at money the same way again!
The Rhubarb Connection and Other Revelations: The Everyday World of Metal Ions
Authors: Öhrström Lars , Covès Jacques , Burks Raychelle 
Published: February 2023

Pink warships that vanish at dusk, urinary maladies of an emperor, and a gold test for cocaine – behold the chemistry of metal ions as never before.
In this book you will learn about the sarcophagus molecule, the Chen-Kao test, and how murderers can be caught blue-handed with the wonders of glowing luminol. You will also meet the hidden chemistry of metal ions in everyday life, from the clever modern devices that measure blood-sugar levels, to the leather on your shoes and chewing gum stuck to their soles.
Expect to encounter a fair share of heroes and villains, real and fictional, scientist and layperson. Such characters include an ex-MI5 employee running a hospital ward in London amid falling German V1 rockets, a notorious racing cyclist, a proud butler and the lady who first proposed nuclear fission (it’s not who you think it is).
With engaging, humorous and intelligent prose, the reader will discover the fascinating back-stories of chemical discoveries and inventions where metal ions have played a major role.
Featuring a foreword by popular science communicator Dr Raychelle Burks of St. Edward's University, Texas.
Introduction to Glass Science and Technology
Authors: Shelby James E 
Published: February 2023

Presenting the fundamental topics in glass science and technology, this concise introduction includes glass formation, crystallization, and phase separation. Glass structure models, with emphasis on the oxygen balance method, are presented in detail. Several chapters discuss the viscosity, density, thermal expansion, and mechanical properties of glasses as well as their optical and magnetic behavior and the diffusion of ions, atoms, and molecules and their effect on electrical conductivity, chemical durability, and other related behavior. In addition to the effects of atomic structure on the properties of glasses, the effects of phase separation, crystallization, and water content, which are neglected in most texts, are discussed extensively. Glass technology is addressed in chapters dealing with the raw materials for producing glasses, batch calculations, and the melting and fining processes. The compositions, properties, and production of commercial glasses are also presented. A chapter is devoted to the use of thermal analysis in the study of glasses, including their crystallization behavior. This expanded, third edition, includes new chapters on doped vitreous silica and the, often overlooked, role of halides on glass formation and properties. In addition, solutions to all of the exercises at the ends of chapters are included for the first time in this edition.
This introductory text is ideal for undergraduates in materials science, ceramics, or inorganic chemistry. It will also be useful to the graduate student, engineer, or scientist seeking basic knowledge of the formation, properties, and production of glass in support of their work.