bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐155 regulates M2 polarization of hepatitis B virus‐infected tumour‐associated macrophages which in turn regulates the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fei Yingming , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Minmin , Wu Xinjuan , Hu Fangqin , Zhu Jinlong , Yu Youlin , Shen Huajiang , Wu Yong , Xie Guilin , Zhou Zumo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiated by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a complicated process. MiR‐155 can alter the immune microenvironment to affect the host's anti‐infective ability. This study investigated the mechanism by which miR‐155 affects tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) polarization at a molecular level, thus affecting the malignant progression of HBV+HCC. MiR‐155 and TAM‐related cytokine expression were analysed by qRT‐PCR. The distribution of TAMs was detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of the aberrant miR‐155 expression on macrophage polarization was examined by flow cytometry. The targeted relationship was verified by dual‐luciferase assay, and the protein level of src homology 2 domain‐containing inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) was detected by western blot. The proliferation of HCC cells was examined by CCK‐8 and colony formation assays. Invasion and migration of HCC cells were detected by transwell assay. In HBV+HCC tissues, miR‐155 was significantly highly expressed and the number of CD206‐positive TAM (CD206+ TAM) and CD68‐positive TAM (CD68+ TAM) were higher than those in HBV−HCC tissues. In addition, miR‐155 overexpression significantly promoted M2‐type macrophage polarization, whilst miR‐155 silencing expression significantly promoted M1‐type macrophage polarization. Besides, the miR‐155/SHIP1 axis accelerated HCC cell invasion, proliferation and migration by inducing M2‐type macrophage polarization. MiR‐155 accelerates HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SHIP1 expression and inducing macrophage M2 polarization. This finding provides new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for combatting HBV+HCC and a new reference for exploring anti‐tumour immunotherapy.
Tonsillar carcinoma in dogs: Treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in 123 cases
Authors: Treggiari Elisabetta , Pellin MacKenzie A. , Romanelli Giorgio , Maresca Gianluca , Gramer Irina , Yale Andrew D. , Pecceu Evi , Pignanelli Matteo , Borrego Juan , Purzycka Katarzyna , Berlato Davide 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTonsillar carcinomas are rarely reported in dogs. Information on outcome after treatment is sparse and prognosis is guarded to poor.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAssess treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in a population of dogs with cytological or histopathological diagnosis of tonsillar carcinoma.AnimalsA total of 123 client‐owned dogs with diagnosis of tonsillar carcinoma confirmed by cytology or histopathology.MethodsRetrospective, multi‐institutional study. Medical records of 12 institutions were reviewed from 2012 to 2021.ResultsTreatment included surgery, chemotherapy (conventional, tyrosine kinase inhibitors or metronomic chemotherapy), radiotherapy, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or a combination of these. Surgery was performed in 68 cases, chemotherapy was administered in association with NSAIDs in 64 cases, NSAIDs were used alone in 14 cases and in association with surgery in 21 cases, whereas radiotherapy was used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy in 20 cases. Overall survival time (OST) was 126 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 88‐164). Significantly longer survival (P < .001) was seen in dogs without evidence of metastatic disease (median survival time, 381 days; 95% CI, 116‐646). Other significant positive prognostic factors included absence of clinicals signs at presentation, surgery (tonsillectomy), use of adjuvant chemotherapy and use of NSAIDs.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAsymptomatic dogs, those treated with surgery, those that received adjuvant chemotherapy, and those that received NSAIDs may have a better prognosis than previously expected, but overall survival remains short for dogs with tonsillar carcinoma.
Louis de Wohl: Shady Astrologer, MI5 Recruit, Christian Storyteller
Authors: Middleton Darren J. N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing files declassified and released to Great Britain's National Archives, this article shows how Britain's domestic spy agency, MI5, recruited Louis de Wohl (1903-61), a flashy Hungarian astrologer and Christian writer to create horoscopes for Adolf Hitler during World War II. De Wohl was a controversial figure. His origin story does not check out. His MI5 handlers found him showy. And recent journalists dismiss him as a ‘persuasive fake’. Yet his pre-war fictions were adapted for cinema, his later theological novels remain bestsellers, and his personal story deserves greater attention if we are to better understand Christian historical fiction's popularity.
Initial assessment of medical post‐traumatic stress among patients with chronic esophageal diseases
Authors: Taft Tiffany H. , Carlson Dustin A. , Marchese Sara H. , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis and management of chronic esophageal disease requires the use of potentially traumatic medical procedures, performed with or without sedation. Medical trauma and post‐traumatic stress (PTS) are emerging as important considerations in patients with digestive illness. To date, no study assesses medical PTS from procedures in patients with esophageal disease.MethodsAdult patients with achalasia, eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or functional esophageal disease at a university‐based gastroenterology clinic completed: Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), Gastroesophageal Disease Questionnaire, Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire, Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life scale (HRQoL), NIH‐PROMIS Depression scale, and a study‐specific questionnaire about esophageal procedures (endoscopy with sedation; functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) with sedation; high‐resolution manometry (HRM); wireless pH testing; or 24‐h pH‐impedance testing).Key ResultsHalf of 149 participants reported at least one traumatic procedure, with HRM most often cited. Only 2.7% met the cutoff for PTS on PCL‐5. This increased to 7.1% for patients with a traumatic procedure combined with experiencing intense fear. Rates of moderate–severe PTS ranged from 7.4%–12% for all patients and 14%–29% for those with a traumatic procedure with fear. Medical PTS was associated with poorer HRQoL, and increased esophageal symptoms, depression, and hypervigilance and symptom anxiety.Conclusions & InferencesPreliminary evidence suggests medical PTS affects few patients with esophageal disease. However traumatic procedures, most often associated with HRM, significantly increase PTS symptoms. The potential impacts of medical PTS on esophageal patient assessment and outcomes are considerable and warrants further study.
Effects of counterclockwise bimaxillary advancement surgery and relapse on upper airway
Authors: Salazar Aylin Gallegos , AlSulaiman Ahmed , Parsi Goli , Gunson Michael , Will Leslie A. , Motro Melih 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term volumetric changes of the upper airway compartments in response to counterclockwise bimaxillary advancement surgery with multi‐piece maxillary osteotomy, and to analyse the relationship between the postoperative stability of the maxillomandibular skeletal complex, and the volumetric airway changes over‐time.MethodologyTwenty‐seven sets of pre (T0), post (T1) and follow‐up (T2) (20.15 months) CBCT scans were used. The upper airway was isolated into five compartments: soft and bony nasal cavity (SNC, BNC), nasopharynx (NP), oropharynx (OP) and hypopharynx (HP) using Mimics V.22 software. The volumetric changes and the correlation between the airway change and the skeletal movements were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, respectively.ResultsThe results showed a significant decrease in SNC and BNC (10.94% and 7.69%, p < .05) at T1. However, SNC presented a significant recovery (11.73%, p < .05) at T2. NP, OP and HP segments presented significant and stable increases over time (10.41%, 53.62%, 24.70%, p < .05).ConclusionsThis surgical approach produced a significant increase in OP and HP volumes in short and long term without a significant relapse, NP showed a significant increase in long term only, SNC and BNC volumes showed a significant decrease post‐surgery which was only partially maintained for BNC.
Residual leak following left atrial appendage occlusion with lariat closed with amplatzer PFO occluder device
Authors: Bawa Danish , Ahmed Adnan , Darden Douglas , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeaks from incomplete ligation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) following closure with Lariat device are not uncommon and associated with higher stroke rate.Clinical VignetteThis clinical vignette highlights a procedure of closure of residual leak following closure with Lariat device. There was a persistent central leak of 3–4 mm with bidirectional flow, confirmed on TEE. The Amplatzer Talisman PFO Occluder was chosen for the closure of the leak because of its asymmetric discs with a smaller distal disc and expandable waist.ConclusionIn situations where the options are limited for PDL closure, such as the one described in this vignette, it is paramount to continue to find innovative solutions to emerging challenges in transcatheter interventions.
Serum positivity of serum anti‐tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A antibodies in Japanese children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kurasawa Shingo , Sado Tomomitsu , Kato Sawako , Iwaya Mai , Nakayama Yoshiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerum anti‐tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A antibody (tTG‐IgA) is a screening test for celiac disease (CeD). In recent years, there have several reports of combined inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CeD in children. The purposes of this study are to research the positivity of the tTG‐IgA antibody in Japanese children, and whether IBD and CeD co‐occur.MethodsWe examined tTG‐IgA as a screening test for CeD in symptomatic pediatric patients with IBD (cases) and those without IBD (controls, non‐IBD). Those with tTG‐IgA levels of 10 U/mL or higher were considered positive. All patients had routine biopsy specimens taken from the second part and bulbus of the duodenum, and were evaluated histologically based on the Marsh classification.ResultsThirty‐one patients in the IBD group and 53 patients in the non‐IBD group were included. The tTG‐IgA was positive in five cases (5.9%) and median titer of positive cases was 12.3 U/mL (10.2–41.7). One patient in the IBD group (3.2%) and four patients in the non‐IBD group (7.8%) were positive for tTG‐IgA. No cases showed histological features of CeD. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, symptoms and laboratory tests between the tTG‐IgA positive and negative groups. Patients among the IBD and the non‐IBD groups that were tTG‐IgA positive demonstrated symptoms after wheat consumption.ConclusionsWe identified a patient who was positive for tTG‐IgA antibodies who experienced abdominal symptoms due to wheat ingestion, indicative of subclinical CeD. Further investigation is needed to clarify the co‐occurrence of IBD and CeD among Japanese children.
For Estrangement: Queerness, Blackness, and Unintelligibility
Authors: Ewara Eyo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the stakes of ongoing conversations in areas of queer theory and black studies on the epistemological, ethical, and political role of unintelligibility. In line with longstanding philosophical questions about the value of aporia as gap or absence in or understanding, thinkers like Lee Edelman and Frank Wilderson III have articulated how black and queer people have regularly fallen into spaces of unintelligibility as they have run against given formations of the social world. These thinkers have theorized what this unintelligibility – what they will call this queerness or blackness – is other than an impetus for integration. The paper describes the dichotomy between two key positions in this conversation, resistance and refusal, suggesting these positions offer challenges better addressed through a conception of estrangement.
Photoisomerization of 1,2‐Di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene According to NMR and UV Spectroscopy Data and Density Functional Modeling
Authors: Shaidullina Amina F. , Sharipova Alsu R. , Volkov Michael Yu. , Savostina Liudmila I. , Gafiyatullin Linar G. , Turanova Olga A. , Turanov Alexander N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotoisomerization of 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene under UV irradiation was studied by NMR and UV spectroscopy in solutions of acetone, acetonitrile and chloroform. It has been established that in the studied solutions under irradiation, geometric photoisomerization occurs: the trans‐isomer transforms into the cis‐isomer and then cyclization occurs. DFT modeling of the listed processes, states and UV absorption spectra of the sample in an acetonitrile solution was performed.
Threshold of motion of coral reef sediment under currents in flume experiments
Authors: Bian Cheng , Chen Jie , Jiang Changbo , Wu Zhiyuan , Yao Zhen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study experimentally documented the thresholds of critical motion for tropical shallow marine carbonate sediments by conducting a total of 225 laboratory experiments that included the analysis of nine median sediment diameters and five water depths. A shape factor, Sf, which quantifies the shape of a single particle, was evaluated during the investigation. Both the critical Shields parameter and the incipient mean velocity were used to represent the critical thresholds of motion. The thresholds of motion for coral reef sediment were then compared with the results from quartz sand. The experimental results show that the critical threshold of motion is smaller for coral reef sediment than for quartz sand of the same median sieve diameter due to differences in particle shape in spite of the coral reef sediment being of higher density. For diameters higher than 1.425 mm, the critical Shields parameters and incipient mean velocities tend to have similar values to quartz sand. The differences between the two increased significantly for median sieve diameters <1.075 mm. Based on the experimental data, Shields curve bands and equations for the incipient mean velocity for sediments of differing shape factors were obtained for tropical shallow marine carbonate sediments as well as marine carbonate grains.
Similar patterns of tendon regional hypertrophy after low‐load blood flow restriction and high‐load resistance training
Authors: Centner Christoph , Jerger Simon , Lauber Benedikt , Seynnes Olivier , Friedrich Till , Lolli David , Gollhofer Albert , König Daniel 
Published: January 2023

PurposeRecent evidence indicates that low‐load blood flow restriction (LL‐BFR) training elicits an anabolic response in tendinous tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypertrophic pattern induced in the Achilles tendon by LL‐BFR, in comparison with the regional hypertrophy typically observed with conventional high‐load (HL) resistance training.MethodsN = 40 male participants were randomly and concealed allocated to one of two groups: LL‐BFR training (20–35% one‐repetition maximum/1RM) or HL training (70–85% 1RM). The training was completed three times per week for a total of 14 weeks. Before and after the training period, Achilles tendon morphology was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging along the entire tendon length. Additionally, dynamic strength measures of the plantar flexors were evaluated.ResultsIn line with previous findings, dynamic plantar flexion strength was improved to a comparable extent in both groups (LL‐BFR: 43.6%; HL: 43.5%). The results also confirmed significant increases in Achilles tendon cross‐sectional area with LL‐BFR (+5.2%). Moreover, they revealed that the hypertrophic pattern obtained with LL‐BFR was similar to regional changes seen with conventional HL training.ConclusionThe present findings point towards the notion that despite the low loads being applied, LL‐BFR training induces Achilles tendon hypertrophy by potentiating anabolic responses in the same regions as with conventional high‐load training. Future studies are needed to (i) focus on the potential mechanisms underlying these tendon morphology changes and (ii) apply and evaluate LL‐BFR training in clinical populations to validate these results in rehabilitative settings.
Sexual and gender identity work on social media
Authors: Colosi Rachela , Cowen Nick , Todd Megan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do sexual and gender minorities use social media to express themselves and construct their identities? We discuss findings drawn from focus groups conducted with 17 sexual and gender minority social media users who shared their experiences of online harms. They include people with gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans, queer, asexual, non‐binary, pansexual, poly, and kink (LGBTQ+) identities. We find that sexual and gender minorities face several challenges online, but that social media platforms provide important spaces for them to feel understood and accepted. We use Goffman's work to explore how sexual and gender minorities engage in ‘front region’ performances online as part of their identity work. We then turn to Hochschild's concepts of ‘feeling rules’ and ‘framing rules’ to argue that presentations of self, or front region performances, must include the role of feelings and how they are socially influenced to be understood.
Pathogen‐agnostic immune biomarkers that predict infection after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Imlay Hannah , Seibert Allan M. , Hanson Kimberly E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) remain at high risk for infection throughout their post‐transplant course. Dosing of immunosuppressive medications, strategies that prevent infection, and choice of empiric antimicrobial treatment could be optimized by a better understanding of an individual patient's risk for infectious complications. Diagnostic tests that qualitatively or quantitatively measure the function of the immune system and/or its response to infection may be useful for individualized management decisions. Numerous studies have identified an association between infectious outcomes after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and the results of a variety of non‐pathogen‐specific or “pathogen‐agnostic” immune monitoring tests. These biomarkers include humoral immune markers, functional or quantitative assessments of cellular immunity, transcriptomic‐based diagnostics, and replication of viruses within the human virome, which have been used to predict or diagnose a variety of different infectious diseases complicating SOT. In this narrative review, we discuss several host‐derived immune biomarkers that show promise for either predicting or diagnosing infection among SOTRs. However, additional studies are needed to determine the optimal use of immune response testing. Whether immune biomarkers contribute added benefits to current standard clinical care has not yet been determined. Testing must be validated across a range of clinical scenarios, including surveillance to predict infection risk and diagnosis of active infection at various time points post transplant.
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RAV1 family members function as transcriptional regulators and play a positive role in plant disease resistance
Authors: Chandan Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Swain Durga Madhab , Ghosh Srayan , Bhagat Prakash Kumar , Patel Sunita , Bagler Ganesh , Sinha Alok Krishna , Jha Gopaljee 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYPhytopathogens pose a severe threat to agriculture and strengthening the plant defense response is an important strategy for disease control. Here, we report that AtRAV1, an AP2 and B3 domain‐containing transcription factor, is required for basal plant defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. The atrav1 mutant lines demonstrate hyper‐susceptibility against fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea), whereas AtRAV1 overexpressing lines exhibit disease resistance against them. Enhanced expression of various defense genes and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (AtMPK3 and AtMPK6) are observed in the R. solani infected overexpressing lines, but not in the atrav1 mutant plants. An in vitro phosphorylation assay suggests AtRAV1 to be a novel phosphorylation target of AtMPK3. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two‐hybrid assays support physical interactions between AtRAV1 and AtMPK3. Overexpression of the native as well as phospho‐mimic but not the phospho‐defective variant of AtRAV1 imparts disease resistance in the atrav1 mutant A. thaliana lines. On the other hand, overexpression of AtRAV1 fails to impart disease resistance in the atmpk3 mutant. These analyses emphasize that AtMPK3‐mediated phosphorylation of AtRAV1 is important for the elaboration of the defense response in A. thaliana. Considering that RAV1 homologs are conserved in diverse plant species, we propose that they can be gainfully deployed to impart disease resistance in agriculturally important crop plants. Indeed, overexpression of SlRAV1 (a member of the RAV1 family) imparts disease tolerance against not only fungal (R. solani and B. cinerea), but also against bacterial (Ralstonia solanacearum) pathogens in tomato, whereas silencing of the gene enhances disease susceptibility.
Transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II in plants: factors, regulation and impact on gene expression
Authors: Obermeyer Simon , Kapoor Henna , Markusch Hanna , Grasser Klaus D. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYTranscriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) through chromatin is a dynamic and highly regulated step of eukaryotic gene expression. A combination of transcript elongation factors (TEFs) including modulators of RNAPII activity and histone chaperones facilitate efficient transcription on nucleosomal templates. Biochemical and genetic analyses, primarily performed in Arabidopsis, provided insight into the contribution of TEFs to establish gene expression patterns during plant growth and development. In addition to summarising the role of TEFs in plant gene expression, we emphasise in our review recent advances in the field. Thus, mechanisms are presented how aberrant intragenic transcript initiation is suppressed by repressing transcriptional start sites within coding sequences. We also discuss how transcriptional interference of ongoing transcription with neighbouring genes is prevented. Moreover, it appears that plants make no use of promoter‐proximal RNAPII pausing in the way mammals do, but there are nucleosome‐defined mechanism(s) that determine the efficiency of mRNA synthesis by RNAPII. Accordingly, a still growing number of processes related to plant growth, development and responses to changing environmental conditions prove to be regulated at the level of transcriptional elongation.