bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress and Occupational Well-Being of Mental Health Professionals: An International Study
Authors: Kogan Cary S , Garcia-Pacheco José A , Rebello Tahilia J , Montoya Madeline I , Robles Rebeca , Khoury Brigitte , Kulygina Maya , Matsumoto Chihiro , Huang Jingjing , Medina-Mora María Elena , Gureje Oye , Stein Dan J , Sharan Pratap , Gaebel Wolfgang , Kanba Shigenobu , Andrews Howard F , Roberts Michael C , Pike Kathleen M , Zhao Min , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis , Sadowska Karolina , Maré Karen , Denny Keith , Reed Geoffrey M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Increased levels of occupational stress among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic have been documented. Few studies have examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health professionals despite the heightened demand for their services.

Method
A multilingual, longitudinal, global survey was conducted at 3 time points during the pandemic among members of the World Health Organization’s Global Clinical Practice Network. A total of 786 Global Clinical Practice Network members from 86 countries responded to surveys assessing occupational distress, well-being, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Results
On average, respondents’ well-being deteriorated across time while their posttraumatic stress symptoms showed a modest improvement. Linear growth models indicated that being female, being younger, providing face-to-face health services to patients with COVID-19, having been a target of COVID-related violence, and living in a low- or middle-income country or a country with a higher COVID-19 death rate conveyed greater risk for poor well-being and higher level of stress symptoms over time. Growth mixed modeling identified trajectories of occupational well-being and stress symptoms. Most mental health professions demonstrated no impact to well-being; maintained moderate, nonclinical levels of stress symptoms; or showed improvements after an initial period of difficulty. However, some participant groups exhibited deteriorating well-being approaching the clinical threshold (25.8%) and persistently high and clinically significant levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (19.6%) over time.

Conclusions
This study indicates that although most mental health professionals exhibited stable, positive well-being and low stress symptoms during the pandemic, a substantial minority of an already burdened global mental health workforce experienced persistently poor or deteriorating psychological status over the course of the pandemic.
Analysis of point-contact models of the bounce of a hard spinning ball on a compliant frictional surface
Authors: Biber Stanisław W , Champneys Alan R , Szalai Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the turf–ball interaction in golf, this paper seeks to understand the bounce of a ball that can be modelled as a rigid sphere and the surface as supplying a viscoelastic contact force in addition to Coulomb friction. A general formulation is proposed that models the finite time interval of bounce from touch-down to lift-off. Key to the analysis is understanding transitions between slip and roll during the bounce. Starting from the rigid-body limit with an energetic or Poisson coefficient of restitution, it is shown that slip reversal during the contact phase cannot be captured in this case, which generalizes to the case of pure normal compliance. Yet, the introduction of linear tangential stiffness and damping does enable slip reversal. This result is extended to general weakly nonlinear normal and tangential compliance. An analysis using the Filippov theory of piecewise-smooth systems leads to an argument in a natural limit that lift-off while rolling is non-generic and that almost all trajectories that lift off do so under slip conditions. Moreover, there is a codimension-one surface in the space of incoming velocity and spin which divides balls that lift off with backspin from those that lift off with topspin. The results are compared with recent experimental measurements on golf ball bounce and the theory is shown to capture the main features of the data.
Correction to: d-elliptic Loci in Genus 2 and 3
Authors: Lian Carl 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider the loci of curves of genus 2 and 3 admitting a $d$-to-1 map to a genus 1 curve. After compactifying these loci via admissible covers, we obtain formulas for their Chow classes, recovering results of Faber–Pagani and van Zelm when $d=2$. The answers exhibit quasimodularity properties similar to those in the Gromov–Witten theory of a fixed genus 1 curve; we conjecture that the quasimodularity persists in higher genus and indicate a number of possible variants.
Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Asian cavity-nesting honeybees
Authors: Su Yong-Chao , Chiu Yi-Fan , Warrit Natapot , Otis Gard W , Smith Deborah Roan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We examine phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Asian cavity-nesting honeybees, emphasizing detection of potential unrecognized species in the geographically widespread Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apidae). We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using BEASTv1.8.4 and IQ-TREE 2. Our samples cover the largest geographic area and number of populations of Asian cavity-nesting honey bees sampled to date. We used STRUCTURE, Bayes Factor Delimitation, and discriminant analysis of principal components to infer probable species among populations of cavity-nesting honeybees currently recognized as Apis cerana. Our results support 4 species within A. cerana: the yellow “plains” honeybee of India and Sri Lanka; the lineage inhabiting the oceanic Philippine islands; the Sundaland lineage found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of southeast Asia; and a Mainland lineage, which we provisionally consider A. cerana in a narrow sense.
P08 Preventing and managing urinary tract infections: using thematic analysis to explore interventions and strategies implemented by NHS commissioning organizations in English primary care, 2017–22
Authors: Sides Eirwen , Lecky Donna , Taborn Esther , O’Neill Luke , Cooper Emily 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To identify and explore strategies, interventions and activities used by English Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) to improve prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) from 2017–22.

Methods
Online questionnaires were sent to primary care chief nurses and medicines optimization leads via regional infection prevention control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) leads August–September 2022. Qualitative data were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results
Response rate was 14.1% (56/397 participants approached), with representation from 29.2% (31/106) English CCGs. Respondents provided 201 examples of UTI interventions. Themes identified included: (i) populations and settings; (ii) aspects of UTI targeted; (iii) types and functions of interventions and activities; (iv) resources, tools and policies; and (v) implementation strategies. Education and training were the most used type of intervention, while changing the environment to facilitate ideal behaviours was the least used intervention type. Most interventions targeted general practice staff and patients accessing primary care, followed by care home staff and residents and their families. The most used success measures included reduction in antibiotic prescribing (54.5%, 97/178 intervention examples); positive feedback from stakeholders (42.1%, 75/178); and increased adherence to national diagnostic guidelines (32.6%, 58/178). However, 48.8% (20/41) stated their team’s UTI activities had not been evaluated, indicating that success was determined using informal data or perceived outcomes. Barriers to implementation of UTI interventions included: lack of resources and time; low staff engagement, inaccurate data due to lack of clinical coding; inconsistent systems and processes; and lack of dedicated roles. Facilitators to implementation included: availability of tools; financial incentives; multidisciplinary collaboration; sharing of information; staff motivation; embedding resources into systems; digitalization; and dedicated roles.

Conclusions
Multidisciplinary teams and cross-sector collaboration are key facilitators for implementation of UTI interventions. Although some teams are already using robust success measures, there is a need to improve how interventions are evaluated to inform resource allocation and planning. Education and training interventions should address or leverage the barriers and facilitators identified, including clinical coding skills, embedding resources and tools into existing systems and auditing adherence to diagnostic and antibiotic prescribing guidance. There may be missed opportunities for intervention types that are less widely used e.g. changing environmental factors.
P10 Ceftazidime/avibactam for OXA-48 urinary tract infections—a 12 month remissive study
Authors: Fernandes Afonso Paes , Silva Beatriz , Coutinho Ana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Ceftazidime/avibactam is a novel antibiotic for MDR bacterial infections. Despite its high cost, from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022, 23 patients out of 230 hospital beds at the Hospital of Cascais received it. Seven of these patients had OXA-48-producing urinary tract infections (UTIs). One was a post-stroke ICU patient with a urinary catheter; all others were in the urology unit, with no invasive devices.

Objectives
To assess appropriateness, efficacy and renal toxicity of ceftazidime 2000 mg + avibactam 500 mg in the seven UTI patients with isolation of OXA-48-producing bacteria in urine samples.

Methods
From patient history, lab analysis and drug chart we assessed appropriateness—by meropenem (alternative therapy if MIC &lt;16.000 mg/L); efficacy—from overall outcomes; renal toxicity—by evaluating serum creatinine progression (the rationale being SPC describes increases in serum creatinine as a frequent adverse reaction). We also describe dose and days of therapy.

Results
All had antibiotic adequacy, two meropenem MICs &lt;16.000 mg/L were found but carbapenem therapy was not recommended due to drug interaction or allergy. Median days of therapy was 8.7 days. Four outcomes were successful, the ICU patient had a death not related to infection, one urology unit patient died and in one patient treatment was not successful—OXA-48 was still detected in urine samples after 7 days of therapy. No renal toxicity from ceftazidime/avibactam was noted.

Conclusions
Ceftazidime/avibactam prescription in UTIs has been adequate, safe and efficient in some patients. Literature describes that efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam varies with kidney status. Kinetics is known to be linear, so therapeutic drug monitoring will be the way forward. Further study will be necessary to address definitive safety and efficiency.
P12 Assessing the clinical utility of antibiotics for urinary tract infections in India: findings from a questionnaire survey
Authors: Gupta Narmada Prasad , Chibber Percy , Oza Umesh , Kumar Anant , Ramesh D , Pandey Sanjay , Mallikarjuna Reddy N , Kundu Bibash , Taneja Rajesh , Kamath Ganesh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to formulate a consensus for the therapeutic utilization of antibiotics based on contemporary evidence and the real-world experiences of the clinicians at the forefront of the care of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods
We developed customized technological response system for mapping exercise and panel of eminent specialists was convened. Prior consent was obtained, and the weblink of the questionnaire was provided. Sub-expert nationwide panel (n=397), across India (PRISM Survey group), rated their level of agreement with 11 questions with each item on a five-point Likert scale and 5 objective response questions. The consensus was pre-defined if the weighted mean score for the Likert scale was &gt;100. Data were statistically analysed by GraphPad software version 9.5.0.

Results
The mean years of experience were 9.2 years (SD ±10, 95% CI 8.2–10), and cumulative clinical experience was 3669 person-years. The predominant clinical practice setting of the respondents was a public hospital (58.6%). The highest agreement score in the decreasing rank order (of adjusted weighted mean score) for UTI were: antibiotic resistance is a major challenge (126.1), oral fosfomycin-based regimens are effective against MDR pathogens (123.4), is a good option for bacterial biofilm reduction (121.7), the potential to manage recurrent lower UTI (121.6), oral fosfomycin along with nitrofurantoin is been useful to manage MDR UTI (106.8), nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin are chosen as empirical treatment (103.7), fosfomycin has stood the test of time (120.2). Adjusted mean response scores (±SD, 95% CI) for consensus were: agree (73±9.4, 95% CI 66 to 79) followed by strongly agree (32±13, 95% CI 24 to 41), neither agree nor disagree (13±4.9, 95% CI 9.8 to 16), disagree (−6.5±4.7, 95% CI −9.7 to −3.4), strongly disagree (−0.86±0.9, 95% CI −1.5 to −0.26).

Conclusions
In the era of MDR UTI, time-tested oral fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin can improve management of UTI without increasing the complexity.
P13 Predictive value of urinalysis and urine culture in bacteraemic adults without localizing urinary features: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hopkins Chris , Beaumont Jenna , Young Nicholas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Urinalysis (UA) and urine culture (UC) are commonly used in patients with bacteraemia to diagnose a urinary focus of infection. The predictive value of these investigations in patients without localizing urinary features is uncertain. We hypothesized that UA/UC would have extremely low predictive value in patients with bacteraemia and neither localizing urinary features nor risk factors for bacteraemic UTI (bUTI).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults with community-onset bacteraemia in 2019 at Middlemore Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand). The suspected focus of infection at first assessment was determined by reviewing clinical notes from the initial presentation using the admitting clinician’s preferred diagnosis plus at least one supportive clinical feature. The final diagnosis of focus of bacteraemia (bUTI versus non-urinary) was determined by investigators based on blood and urine culture concordance, with supportive clinical, laboratory or imaging features. Defined localizing urinary features were determined by investigators from notes. Positive and negative predictive value of UA/UC for diagnosing bUTI was calculated among those with initially unclear or non-urinary focus of infection. Univariate analysis was performed for patients with initially unclear focus of infection, for risk factors associated with final diagnosis of bUTI.

Results
In total, 871 patients were included. The admitting clinician’s suspected focus was urinary in 219, unclear in 304 and non-urinary in 348. A final diagnosis of bUTI was found in 342 (39.3%), of whom 110 (32.2%) lacked any localizing urinary features. After excluding localizing urinary features, bUTI was diagnosed in 98/243 (40.3%) with initially unclear focus and 12/326 (3.7%) with suspected non-urinary focus. UA/UC PPV was 5.2%/25%, respectively, when initial focus was non-urinary, but 51.5%/75% when initial focus was unclear. Amongst patients with initially unclear focus, risk factors for bUTI included age &gt;75, urinary catheter/nephrostomy, invasive urologic procedure within 3 months and cognitive impairment. However, of those with bUTI, 22/98 (22.4%) had none of these risk factors.

Conclusions
bUTI occurs in a significant minority of bacteraemic patients where initial focus is unclear and where localizing urinary features are absent, including in patients without associated risk factors. UA/UC is a reasonable investigation in bacteraemia of uncertain focus, but results should be interpreted cautiously. UA has excellent NPV but very poor PPV. Among patients with bacteraemia, initially suspected non-urinary focus of infection, and without localizing urinary features, UA/UC can be safely withheld and bUTI is very uncommon. A prospective study using initial clinical criteria would provide more relevant predictive values for clinicians.
P16 COVID-19 and urinary tract infection: the main manifestations and their management
Authors: Chichirelo-Konstantynovych Kiarina , Konstantynovych Tetyana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite the predominant injury from COVID-19 being to the respiratory system, there are presently several reports of urinary symptoms. The majority of them are due to comorbid urinary tract infection (UTI) but separate clinical signs can be related to the COVID-19 origin.

Objectives
To investigate the frequency of UTI symptoms among patients recovering from COVID-19.

Subjects and Methods
A total of 150 patients (males, 49.3%; average age 57 years old) at the average period of recovering after COVID-19 (6–7 months) were asked about quality, frequency and severity of the main UTI symptoms and antibiotics prescription for their treatment.

Results
Sixty-one (40.7%) of the individuals asked reported anamnestic UTI (nephritis, glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis) prior to COVID-19 infection. One hundred and nine (72.6%) patients mentioned the appearance of UTI symptoms after recovering from COVID-19 (50% of them observed complaints in the period 3–4 months after hospital discharge). The prevalence of urinary symptoms looked as follows: haematuria, 17.43%; nocturia, 27.25%; incomplete emptying, 19.27%; frequent urination, 11.93%; leukocyturia, 24.12%. Forty-four patients (40.36%) visited family doctors for consultation regarding urinary complaints. Thirty-seven patients (33.94%) were recommended antibiotic therapy according to UTI diagnosis.

Conclusions
Lower urinary tract symptoms are highly prevalent among COVID-19 patients. A possible reason is ACE-2, an essential receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. COVID-19 can worsen previous chronic urinary tract pathologies and increase the risk of new infection, thereby creating the need for additional antibiotics.
P20 Rapid 15 min test to identify the three most common Gram-negative uropathogens in urinary tract infections
Authors: Rama Sylvain , Kyriakides Mathew , Newman Henry , Bonney-Bhandal Kabir , Preece James , Vendeville Jean-Baptiste , Dorh Neciah , Dorh Josephine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Every year, 6.2 million cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) are reported in England and Wales and have the second highest antibiotic prescription rate. The absence of fast and sensitive diagnostic tests has increased empirical antibiotic use and has contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections. To address this challenge, we have developed NANOPLEX™: a rapid 15 min test that uses glycan-functionalized-latex nanoparticles, microscopy and image-analysis software to identify and enumerate samples with bacteria. In this work, we show that NANOPLEX™ can correctly identify the three most common uropathogens using lab reference strains, clinical isolates and clinical urine samples.

Materials and Methods
The NANOPLEX™ assay was performed as per Vendeville et al. 2021.1 ACS Biomater 2022; 8, 1:242-252. Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were obtained from an NHS clinical microbiology lab waste stream. N=30 isolates (per species) were tested via single-blind study protocols at concentrations of 10³–108 cfu/mL and compared with microbial culture to define performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy) of each probe.

Results
A total of 90 isolates were tested against their target probes and demonstrated &gt;90% accuracy (sensitivity 88%–90%, specificity 94%–98%, PPV 93%–98%, NPV 88%–90%, accuracy 91%–94%) for all probe-bacteria combinations at clinically significant concentrations (105 cfu/mL).

Conclusions
NANOPLEX™ was able to successfully detect the top three common Gram-negative pathogens in UTI at clinically relevant concentrations. A compact hardware and single-use cartridge system is under development to enable urologists to conduct rapid and accurate UTI testing in point-of-care environments. Larger clinical studies are planned to clinically validate these results.
P24 Point of care rapid urinary tract infection phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test
Authors: Roegner Megan , Butler Megan , Millirons Paula 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in the world today. In the last few years, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens causing UTIs has rapidly increased. One in three UTIs are trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) resistant, and one in five are resistant to other common antibiotic choices. This growing resistance is mainly due to overuse or misuse of antibiotics. The strongest tool the medical community has available to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapid, correct application of antibiotics to an identified bacterial infection. Clinics and physician offices seek on-site rapid solutions to speed the pathway to timely and appropriate antibiotic therapies. GeneCapture is developing products that perform rapid UTI pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) directly from infected urine samples. The AST provides a susceptible versus non-susceptible call in under 2 h and can be applied to samples with single or mixed pathogens. A portable tabletop instrument and disposable cartridge are being engineered to run this test at the point of care, allowing same-day prescriptions. The process is currently operational on the lab bench.

Methods
Fluorescent labelling of bacterial species, followed by optical counting, determines population growth with/without a suite of antibiotics. An on-board algorithm instantly converts raw cell numbers into a differential call of susceptible or non-susceptible for each bug/drug pair. A disposable cartridge with on-board antibiotics has been designed and is being finalized for fabrication. The optical counting is operating in a desktop device.

Results
Testing to date includes 124 strains from 7 of the most common UTI and wound pathogens against a panel of six antibiotics. A total of 541 antibiotic/bacterial strain pairs in single or multiple pathogen antibiotic susceptibility testing produce an initial 88.7% agreement to gold standard culture results. These results are all generated in 2 h or less of assay time and represent a strong preliminary dataset.

Conclusions
This 2 h portable, novel, phenotypic AST profiling will produce informed and effective treatment options for medics, clinics and physician offices long before existing AST methods could return results.