bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neuroprotective Mechanism of IGF-2 in Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Zhang Yingyu , Xu Na , Yu Kaikai , Wang Xiaoshuang , Gu Jiebing , Yu Le , An Jing , Wang Yan , Dong Mingxin , Sun Chengbiao , Zhang Jianxu , Zhao Na , Liu Wensen , Han Xuemei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease and AQP4 antibody (AQP4-IgG or NMO-IgG) is the major cause of NMOSD. However，Many of the underlying molecular mechanisms in the occurrence and development of NMOSD disease are not completely understood. Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) is a multifunctional cell proliferation regulator which plays an essential role in early embryonic development. Recent studies have shown that IGF-2 has a crucial effect on memory and learning function in the brain and has a neuroprotective function. In this study, we investigated IGF-2 the neuroprotective effect of IGF-2 in NMOSD.
Metheds: The proteomic analysis of serum proteins of NMOSD patients and normal persons was carried out, and significant differential proteins were found. The screened differential proteins were verified and analyzed, and their roles in the pathogenesis of NMOSD were studied in vivo and in vitro.
Results: In this study, we found a significant down-regulation of IGF-2 in serum of patients with the NMOSD compared with the normal group, through a serum proteomic analysis of clinical patients. Our results revealed that IGF-2 could reduce AQP4-IgG-induced apoptosis and inflammation in astrocytes by activating IGF-1R and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro. Overexpression of IGF-2 in astrocytes reduced the effect of AQP4-IgG on astrocyte glutamate uptake. In addition, the administration of IGF-2 could improve pathological changes in the CNS of injured mice model.
Conclusion
In this study, we found that IGF-2 could be a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD.
Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal and One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass outcome comparison in an Obese Rat Model
Authors: Chu Yuxiao , Widjaja Jason , Wang Jian , Wu Wei , Hong Jian , Zhu Xiaocheng , Yao Libin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Complications after single anastomosis bariatric surgeries such as one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and single anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass (SASI) remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the effect, comorbidity remission, malnutrition, and most importantly, the influence of biliary reflux in rats that underwent SASI and OAGB.
Methods
Diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats received SASI (n = 8), OAGB (n = 8), esojejunostomy, (EJ) (n = 8), and SHAM (n = 8) surgeries. Changes in weight, glucose tolerance, and serum nutrient expression were analyzed. Bile acid concentration measurement and histological investigations were performed using the esogastric sections of rats. The follow-up period was 12 weeks.
Results
We did not observe statistically significant differences in weight changes between the SASI and OAGB groups. The concentration of mean bile acid was 1.5-fold higher in the OAGB group than in the SASI group. We observed esophageal hyper-papillomatosis in three groups (SASI = 37.5%, OAGB = 87.5%, EJ = 100). The OAGB group had a significantly higher level of mucosae than the SASI group, as well as lower levels of albumin and iron. No obvious dysplasia or intestinal metaplasia was observed after a 12-week follow-up.
Conclusions
The SASI procedure was proved to have a more positive anti-reflux effect than the OAGB procedure, as well as better glucose control and lower risks for hypoalbuminemia. Further clinical results are required.
Increased production of pathogenic, airborne fungal spores upon exposure of a soil mycobiota to chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants
Authors: Martins Celso , Piontkivska Daryna , Mil-Homens Dalila , Guedes Paula , Jorge João M.P. , Brinco João , Bárria Cátia , Santos Ariana C.F. , Barras Ricardo , Arraiano Cecília , Fialho Arsénio , Goldman Gustavo H. , Pereira Cristina Silva 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background Organic pollutants are omnipresent and can penetrate all environmental niches. We evaluated the hypothesis that short-term (acute) exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants could increase the potential for fungal virulence. We analysed whether pentachlorophenol and triclosan pollution results in the production of airborne fungal spores with greater virulence than those derived from an unpolluted (Control) condition. Results Each pollutant altered the composition of the community of airborne spores, favouring an increase in strains with higherin vivoinfection capacity (wax mothGalleria mellonellaused as infection model). Fungi subsisting inside larvae, 72h post-infection and arising from either airborne spore-inoculum, exhibited comparable diversity (mainly withinAspergillus fumigatus). Several virulentAspergillusstrains were isolated from larvae infected with the airborne spores produced in a polluted environment. Meanwhile, strains isolated from the control, including oneA. fumigatusstrain, showed no virulence. Potential pathogenicity increased when twoAspergillusspp. virulent strains were assembled, suggesting the existence of synergisms that impact pathogenicity. None of the observed taxonomic or functional traits could separate the virulent from the avirulent strains. Conclusions Our study emphasises pollution-stress as a possible driver of phenotypic adaptations that increaseAspergillusspp. pathogenicity as well as the need to better understand the interplay between pollution and fungal virulence.
Transport Pathways and Kinetics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tracers in Mouse Brain Observed by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Zhu Yuran , Wang Guanhua , Kolluru Chaitanya , Gu Yuning , Gao Huiyun , Zhang Jing , Wang Yunmei , Wilson David L. , Zhu Xiaofeng , Flask Chris A. , Yu Xin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested the glymphatic system as a solute transport pathway and waste removal mechanism in the brain. Imaging intracisternally administered tracers provides the opportunity of assessing various aspects of the glymphatic function. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) allows the evaluation of both the kinetics and spatial distribution of tracer transport in the whole brain. However, assessing mouse glymphatic function by DCE-MRI has been challenged by the small size of a mouse brain and the limited volume of fluids that can be delivered intracisternally without significantly altering the intracranial pressure. Further, previous studies in rats suggest that assessment of glymphatic function by DCE-MRI is dependent on the molecular size of the contrast agents.
Methods: We established and validated an intracisternal infusion protocol in mice that allowed the measurements of the entire time course of contrast agent transport for 2 hours. The transport kinetics and distribution of three MRI contrast agents with drastically different molecular weights (MWs): Gd-DTPA (MW=661.8 Da, n=7), GadoSpin-P (MW=200 kDa, n=6), and oxygen-17 enriched water (H217O, MW=19 Da, n=7), were investigated.
Results: The transport of H217O was significantly faster and more extensive than the two gadolinium-based contrast agents. Time-lagged correlation analysis and clustering analysis comparing the kinetics of Gd-DTPA and H217O transport also showed different cluster patterns and lag time between different regions of the brain, suggesting different transport pathways for H217O because of its direct access to parenchymal tissues via the aquaporin-4 water channels. Further, there were also significant differences in the transport kinetics of the three tracers to the lateral ventricles, which reflects the differences in forces that drive tracer transport in the brain.
Conclusions: Comparison of the transport kinetics and distribution of three MRI contrast agents with different molecular sizes showed drastically different transport profiles and clustering patterns, suggesting that the transport pathways and kinetics in the glymphatic system are size-dependent.
Identifying Autophagy-Related Genes contributing to Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Qichang Xing , Zheng Liu , Yixiang Hu , Qingzi Yan , Wencan Li , Xiang Liu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Diabetes has a common complication called diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), whose exact pathophysiology is still unknown. In ischemic reperfusion injury to nerve tissues, the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses, and the repair of nerve tissue injuries, autophagy is crucial. Through bioinformatics analysis and validation, we hope to pinpoint the possible autophagy-related differential expressed genes (DEGs) of DPN.
Methods
The GEO database provided the mRNA expression profile dataset GSE185011. R software was used to look for possible DPN autophagy-related DEGs. Then, for the autophagy-related DEGs, protein-protein interactions (PPI), correlation analysis, gene-ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. In the validation set GSE95849, the RNA expression of autophagy-related DEGs was verified in blood samples from DPN patients and healthy controls.
Results
Between 5 DPN patients and 5 healthy controls, a total of 33 autophagy-related DEGs (5 up-regulated genes and 28 down-regulated genes) were found. The PPI analysis showed interactions between these autophagy-related DEGs. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed a number of enriched terms including mitophagy and autophagy. The results of the validation set demonstrated that the expression levels of the genes P4HB, GAPDH, CTSB and RAB7A were significantly decreased, ATG5, CASP3, SQSTM1, ULK1, and 9 other genes in DPN patients were significantly up-regulated in the DPN patients, which were compatible with the bioinformatics analysis of mRNA microarray.
Conclusion
Through bioinformatics research, we identified 17 putative autophagy-related DEGs in DPN. By regulating autophagy, ATG5, CASP3, SQSTM1, ULK1, and another 13 genes may have an impact on DPN formation. These findings might deepen our understanding of DPN and help with DPN treatment.
Pressure Sensor Chip with New Electrical Circuit for 10 kPa Range
Authors: Basov Mikhail 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Characteristics of high sensitivity MEMS pressure sensor chip for 10 kPa utilizing a novel electrical circuit are presented. The electrical circuit uses piezosensitive differential amplifier with negative feedback loop (PDA-NFL) based on two bipolar-junction transistors (BJT). The BJT has a vertical structure of n-p-n type (V-NPN) formed on a non-deformable chip area. The circuit contains eight piezoresistors located on a profiled membrane in the areas of maximum mechanical stresses. The experimental results prove that pressure sensor chip PDA-NFL with 4.0×4.0 mm2 chip area has sensitivity S = 10.1 ± 2.3 mV/V/kPa with nonlinearity of 2KNL = 0.26 ± 0.12 %/FS (pressure is applied from the back side of pressure sensor chip).
Effects of Rapid Urban Expansion on the Peri-Urban Livelihood of Surrounding Farm Land in the case of Hawassa city, Ethiopia
Authors: Woldegebriel Mefekir , Girma Birhanu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The study focus on the socio economic impact of urban expansion on the surrounding displaced farmers in the Hawassa city, to compare and contrast the pre and post displacement livelihood pattern of the farm household and identifying the coping mechanism that the displaced community develops as a new means of livelihood. To achieve these objectives, the data was collected from primary and secondary data source and used a mixed type of research method. The sample was selected from 1321 total displaced households within the year of 2015–2019. From this population 307 respondents were selected by using Simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and econometric model are also used to analyze the data, probit regression models were used to investigate the impact of urban expansion on the livelihood of surrounding displaced farmers. The findings indicate that the expansion of urban areas to surrounding rural farm areas have impacts on the displaced farm land size, farmers’ social and economic levels, due to the change of the living style and means of livelihood from agriculture to urban life style. From the observed ten variables compensation have significant correlation at 0.01% affected the livelihood of expropriated family and farm land size, occupation, family income and social relation have significant correlations at 0.05% level. The remaining variables sex, age, education level, family sizes do not have significant correlations after land expropriation.
In-silico approaches towards development of model irreversible HIV-1 protease inhibitors
Authors: Pradhan Rojalin , Sahu Prabhat K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is growing evidence for the rapid rise of strains that encode mutant proteases resistant to competitive reversible inhibitors of HIV-1 protease, based on enzyme-substrate interactions and with FDA approval. The inhibition potencies of irreversible inhibitors are less sensitive to mutations so as to inactivate the protein completely by stronger covalent interactions. The development of new irreversible protease inhibitors might be interesting to deal with the future handling of HIV. The mechanisms and binding modes of aziridine based inhibitors have been explored in the present investigations usingin-silicoapproaches: (i) ConfGGS towards structure minimization of model aziridine based inhibitors (ii) Molecular Docking towards predicting the best match between model aziridine based inhibitors and HIV-1 PR (iii) Covalent Docking towards exploring the binding affinity for the covalent interaction between model aziridine based inhibitors and HIV-1 PR (iv) MD Simulation of free enzyme HIV-1 PR and complex with the model aziridine based inhibitors to test and check the quality for the description of inhibition process (v) QM/MM computation to understand the inhibition potency and inhibition reaction at molecular level. Furthermore, ConfGGS/CHARMM has also been used to optimize the reactants and products, obtained from QM/MM computations. The correlation coefficient (R2) values for the dihedral angles of the near optimal structures and QM/MM obtained structures, have been computed and compared for the accuracy and efficacy. The computed results may help and provide assistance for experimental optimizations towards design of more potent protease inhibitors.
Socioeconomic inequality and associated factors affecting health care utilization among the elderly: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: zhang huiru , Chen Mingsheng , Si Lei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: China has the world’s largest elderly population, a cohort that is particularly vulnerable to socioeconomic disparities. This study assessed inequalities in health care utilization among the elderly in China and identified contributing factors.
Methods: This study used data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study survey. A non-linear probit regression model based on the Andersen Health Care Utilization Model was used to identify determinants of health care utilization among the elderly. The concentration index (CI) was calculated to evaluate inequalities in health care utilization, with a positive value indicating that health care utilization was concentrated among wealthy individuals. The decomposition of the CI was used to identify related contributors to inequalities in health care utilization among the elderly.
Results:A total of 9,780 individuals ≥60 years of age were included in the study. The CI for actual and standardized outpatient visits was 0.0889 and 0.0945, respectively, and the corresponding values for inpatient service utilization were 0.1134 and 0.1176, respectively. Predisposing factors had a negligible effect on disparities in health care utilization while enabling factors were the most important positive contributors to these disparities. The need factors marginally alleviated the gaps in health care utilization among the elderly. Factors that contributed to greater inequality in the utilization of outpatient service included income level (73.72%), Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) (40.93%), non-agricultural Hukou status (12.61%), limited engagement in social activities (11.86%), and higher education level (9.13%). New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) reduced inequalities in outpatient utilization (-34.32%), followed by poor health status (-7.36%). Factors that contributed to greater utilization of inpatient service by wealthier patients included income level (85.15%), UEBMI (31.77%), non-agricultural Hukou status (18.66%), employment (13.30%), and chronic disease (6.28%). NRCMS (-33.19%) and poor health status (-8.30%) reduced inequalities in inpatient service utilization.
Conclusions: Socioeconomic disparities in health care utilization among the elderly are a major concern in China. This study found that a key contributor to these inequalities was income level, followed by UEBMI coverage. Meanwhile, health care coverage through NRCMS was associated with fewer disparities in health care utilization disparities.
Oxygen insufflation via the C-MAC® video stylet increased the fraction of inspired oxygen during intubation in general anesthesia: a bench study
Authors: Chiang Ting-Yun , Teng Wei-Nung , Chiang Cheng , Huang Chao-Lan , Wang Hsin-Yi , Chang Wen-Kuei , Ting Chien-Kun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The C-MAC® video stylet provides optimal visualization and controlled intubation, and oxygen insufflation via the endotracheal tube (ETT) holder oxygen port shortens the apnea period. However, oral saliva and mucus can block the visual field, hindering intubation and prolonging the apnea period. We assessed the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) under different oxygen flows via the ETT holder port, visibility through the bevel, and factors influencing the FiO2, including the ETT internal diameter (ID), breathing pattern, and nasal cannula use.
Methods
Artificial oral mucus was spread on the bevel to mimic a visual field barrier during intubation. Different oxygen flows (1-15 L/min) were provided via ETTs with two different IDs (6.5 and 8.0 mm) to break the mucus barrier, and the ratio of visible area was calculated. The FiO2 was measured at the carina level in 3-min intubating periods, with and without simultaneous nasal cannula use at 3 L/min. Two different breathing patterns were simulated, apnea and shallow breathing.
Results
Oxygen flow (>6 L/min with 6.5-mm or >9 L/min with 8-mm ETT) could break the mucus barrier and provide a visible area of 66-82% within 1 s. Higher oxygen flow, longer oxygen insufflation, larger-ID ETT during apnea, lower-ID ETT during shallow breathing, and simultaneous nasal cannula use provided a significantly higher FiO2.
Conclusion
Oxygenation via the C-MAC® video stylet improved the visual field and increased the FiO2 during intubation, and can be used with or without a nasal cannula for safer intubation.
Monetary Policy Credibility, Real Exchange rate and Exchange rate pass-through in India
Authors: Peer Arshid Hussain , Baig Mirza Allim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study is three-fold. Firstly, it investigates whether the nominal exchange rate is fulfilling its role for macroeconomic stabilisation? Second, it examines whether the direction of exchange rate change matter for exchange rate pass-through. Third, it investigates the long-standing conjecture in macroeconomics which relates the decline in pass-through to monetary policy credibility.
Design: The Autoregressive distributed lag model is used. For, the first question, the study uses the disaggregate level data of newly introduced consumer price index- combined (CPI-C). The comparison of pass-through between tradable and non-tradable goods is used. For the second issue and third issues, the data of main groups is only used.
Findings: The study finds that exchange rate in India fulfils the role of macroeconomic stabilisation as pass-through is higher for tradable than non-tradable goods. The impact of direction of exchange rate on pass-through is found mixed. The monetary policy credibility matters for the pass-through for the CPI-C. However, for its groups, the evidences are mixed.
Implications: The issue of pass-through is important for the macroeconomic stability and monetary policy credibility. If the pass-through does not vary between tradable and non-tradable components then nominal exchange rate is not fulfilling its role of macroeconomic stability.
Originality: The paper investigates the often-neglected issues of pass-through in the Indian context. Previous studies have mostly focused on aggregate index, our study focus on disaggregated data.
JEL Classification E31, E52, E58, F3, F41
Trending YouTube Video Analysis
Authors: HASAN MD SAKIBUR , Sarker Bishal , Shrestha Diksha , Shrestha Roshan , Shrestha Sajal N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
YouTube is an online platform where users may view, share, like, comment on, and subscribe to videos that are created by content creators. The quantity of views, likes, and the age of the video are used to select which videos are included in the trending video category on YouTube. But that is the main challenge faced by the content creators. This main goal of this study is to analyze the factors that influence popular YouTube videos. There are five tasks that were determined to complete: determining the relationship between likes and views; comparing the average time it takes for different categories to trend; identifying the most popular tags; determining the ideal title length; and determining the best day for the video to be popular. YouTube video trending across different countries which will help the content creators to get a better understanding. A dataset from September 2020 to January 2022, which is updated daily, helps determine the correlation between likes and views, the average hours taken to trend across different categories, the most used tags across countries, the optimal title length’s range, the trend over the day of the week, and the optimal day to post the videos. A dataset from September 2020 to January 2022, which is updated daily, helps content creators and users across countries determine the correlation between likes and views, the average hours taken to trend across different categories, the most used tags across countries, the optimal title length’s range, the trend over the day of the week, and the optimal day to post the videos, and helps them make proper content.
Tumor size estimation and 3D model viewing using Deep Learning
Authors: D Venkatavara Prasad , Venkataramana Lokeswari Y , Abhishek K , A Likhitha Verma , Gokhulnath T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cancer is the most deadly and dreaded disease ever encountered by mankind and tumor size plays a crucial role in determining the severity and treatment for the same. Therefore, it becomes imperative to estimate the dimensions of the associated tumor with paramount accuracy and precision so as to enable radiologists and doctors, in general, to effectively prescribe a treatment post-diagnosis. Current estimation approaches of tumor size involve the manual click and drag measurements by radiologists which are functional but prone to a lot of manual errors and redundancies. To improve the overall accuracy and efficiency of the process, the authors propose a Deep learning solution that uses DICOM scan images to determine the dimensions of the tumor. Furthermore, this solution provides a 3D representation of the tumor for clear perception and comprehension and also provides treatment suggestions that aid doctors throughout the treatment. The pipeline consists of two models namely, CNN model for detection performs with an accuracy of 97.6% and a ResUNet model to segment tumor out of the brain image with accuracy of 91.54%.