bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique form of catheter malconnection following intrathecal baclofen surgery for spinal cord injury: a case report
Authors: Koopmans Raoul J. , Meskers Carel G. M. , de Groot Vincent , Slot K. Mariam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis case report concerns a patient suffering from traumatic spinal cord injury with severe spasticity treated with intrathecal baclofen therapy. After revision surgery for a confirmed catheter obstruction, progressive spasticity reappeared. Diagnostics demonstrated signs of catheter fracture or disconnection adjacent to the pump. During revision surgery, the silicone layer surrounding the sutureless pump connector was shown to be curled up, revealing the cause of dysfunction. As far as we know, this form of malconnection has not been reported before. Therefore, surgeons must be aware of this complication and additional inspection of the silicone connector prior to definite connection is advised.
Timing of Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Processing in Human Intracranial EEG
Authors: Moraresku Sofiia , Hammer Jiri , Janca Radek , Jezdik Petr , Kalina Adam , Marusic Petr , Vlcek Kamil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpatial reference frames (RFs) play a key role in spatial cognition, especially in perception, spatial memory, and navigation. There are two main types of RFs: egocentric (self-centered) and allocentric (object-centered). Although many fMRI studies examined the neural correlates of egocentric and allocentric RFs, they could not sample the fast temporal dynamics of the underlying cognitive processes. Therefore, the interaction and timing between these two RFs remain unclear. Taking advantage of the high temporal resolution of intracranial EEG (iEEG), we aimed to determine the timing of egocentric and allocentric information processing and describe the brain areas involved. We recorded iEEG and analyzed broad gamma activity (50–150 Hz) in 37 epilepsy patients performing a spatial judgment task in a three-dimensional circular virtual arena. We found overlapping activation for egocentric and allocentric RFs in many brain regions, with several additional egocentric- and allocentric-selective areas. In contrast to the egocentric responses, the allocentric responses peaked later than the control ones in frontal regions with overlapping selectivity. Also, across several egocentric or allocentric selective areas, the egocentric selectivity appeared earlier than the allocentric one. We identified the maximum number of egocentric-selective channels in the medial occipito-temporal region and allocentric-selective channels around the intraparietal sulcus in the parietal cortex. Our findings favor the hypothesis that egocentric spatial coding is a more primary process, and allocentric representations may be derived from egocentric ones. They also broaden the dominant view of the dorsal and ventral streams supporting egocentric and allocentric space coding, respectively.
Study on the association of the microstructure and bone metabolism in the osteoporotic femoral head
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Peng , Li Feng , Li Yang , Zhao Minwei , Feng Hui , Meng Haoye , Li Junyang , Shi Peng , Peng Jiang , Tian Hua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
We compared the bone microstructure and metabolism of the femoral heads in patients with osteoporosis (OP) and non-OP patients to investigate the pathologic mechanism of OP and guide clinical treatment.

Methods and results
From January 2020 to June 2021, we obtained femoral head samples from 30 patients undergoing hip replacement due to femoral neck fracture. All patients were women aged approximately 67 to 80 years (mean age, 74 years). According to the dual-energy X-ray results, the femoral head samples were divided into the OP (T< − 2.5) and non-OP (T > − 1.5) groups. Microcomputed tomography scanning, bone metrology analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to compare the local bone trabecular microstructure changes. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to identify changes in the osteogenesis-related genes and the osteoclast-related genes in specific regions to reflect osteogenic and osteoclastic activities. Femoral heads with OP showed significant changes in the local bone microstructure. Bone density, bone volume fraction, and the number and thickness of the bone trabeculae decreased. Local bone metabolism was imbalanced in the areas with microstructural changes in femoral heads with OP, with increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity.

Conclusions
Deterioration of bone microstructure is closely related to abnormal bone metabolism associated with the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in osteoporotic femoral heads. Promoting bone formation by improving local bone metabolism, enhancing osteogenic activity and inhibiting osteoclast activity may be a promising way of preventing local OP and osteoporotic fractures.
Old East Slavic birch-bark literacy – a history of linguistic emancipation?
Authors: Mendoza Imke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study is to explore the diachrony of orality and literacy in the Old East Slavic birch-bark corpus. One of the most striking characteristics of the birch-bark documents is their high degree of orality. Due to their rootedness in the communication situation, they possess many linguistic and pragmatic features that are typical for spoken discourse. In addition, they show clear signs of literacy, i.e., properties that are common for the written word in general as well as features that typically occur in Church Slavic documents, the model corpus for literacy in Old Rus’. Considering the long period that is covered by birch bark literacy we may assume that the relation between orality and literacy features changed over time. To uncover these changes, the author analyzes the diachronic development of selected lexical, morphological, and syntactic features that characterize different registers and thus serve as markers of literacy or orality. The results support the thesis that Church Slavic bookishness, the initial model for literacy, was replaced by another model, namely non-bookish, official writing on parchment. Over time, the birch bark documents lost the features of literacy that were the immediate impact of Church Slavic writing, and adapted writing practices that were typical for non-bookish parchment documents.
The Role of Self-Efficacy and Risk Perception in the Willingness to Respond to Weather Disasters Among Emergency Medicine Health Care Workers in Pakistan
Authors: Kang Bee-Ah , Barnett Daniel J. , Chhipa Ume-e-Aiman , Mehmood Amber , Afzal Badar , Razzak Junaid , Asad Nargis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Optimizing health care workers’ (HCWs) willingness to respond (WTR) is critical in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) for proper health system functioning during extreme weather events. Pakistan frequently experiences weather-related disasters, but limited evidence is available to examine HCW willingness. Our study examined the association between WTR and behavioral factors among emergency department HCWs.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 among HCWs from 2 hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. A survey tool was informed by Witte’s Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between WTR and attitudes/beliefs as well as EPPM profiles.

Results:
Twenty-nine percent of HCWs indicated a low WTR. HCWs using public transportation had a higher WTR. Perceived knowledge and skills, self-efficacy, and perceived impact of one’s response showed positive associations with WTR if required. Perception that one’s colleagues would report to work positively predicted WTR if asked. Consistent with the EPPM, HCWs with high efficacy and perceived threat were willing to respond to weather disasters.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight the need of strengthening WTR by promoting self-efficacy and enhancing accurate risk perception as a response motivator, among emergency department HCWs in Pakistan.
The Political Economy of China's Local Debt
Authors: Li Zhenfa , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy analysing the development and operation of local government bonds (LGBs), a new tool fashioned by the Chinese government to finance infrastructure projects, this article improves the understanding of the political economy of China's local debt. We find that the central government uses LGBs to intervene in local debt and pursue policy objectives, and designs a quota system to decide the bond issuing amount and the project selection. When calculating quotas, the central government prioritizes limiting financial risk and achieving national development goals. Local debt should match the fiscal capacity of local governments, and the projects should contribute to the sectors emphasized by the central government as important for national development, reflecting the centralization of central–local relations. However, LGBs hardly fix the problem of local debt, and the pressure to maintain economic growth by expanding infrastructure investment has pushed local debt to an alarming level.
Stick‐Slip Nucleation and Failure in Uniform Glass Beads Detected by Acoustic Emissions in Ring‐Shear Experiments: Implications for Identifying the Acoustic Emissions of Earthquake Foreshocks
Authors: Gou H. X. , Hu W. , Xu Q. , Huang R. Q. , McSaveney M. J. , Jia X. , Wang Y. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStress accumulation and release reflected by acoustic emissions (AEs) during shearing of granular materials provide important information on failure mechanisms in seismic faults and landslides controlled by stick‐slip. Among many characteristics (amplitude, energy, counts, and frequency) of AE signals generated by stick‐slip, stress changes corresponding to various frequency AEs in different stages of the stick‐slip process are not clear, which limits our knowledge of the characteristics of precursory signals before stick‐slip failure. To better understand the physical mechanisms of granular stick‐slip, we monitored the mechanical and AE signals using high‐frequency (2 MHz) synchronous acquisition during constant‐speed shear of packs of uniform glass beads with different sizes at different normal stresses. The release rate of AE energy was found to accelerate with the dilatation of the sample volume, and the stress drop of stick‐slip was augmented with the increase of normal stress and particle size. Three characteristic events of single cycle stick‐slip were observed in this study: main slip, minor slip, and microslip. We analyzed the AE frequency spectra of these three event types. Both main slip and minor slip corresponded to stress drop and generated high‐frequency AEs (about several hundred kHz), while the AE frequencies generated by microslip were lower (about tens of kHz) and exhibited stress strengthening, which were not apparent in previous studies due to the low frequency of acquisition. We propose that the microslip is mainly due to sliding on grain contacts, while the main slip and minor slip resulted from breakage and reforming of force chains. Low‐frequency AEs from microslip may suggest a crucial precursor of seismic faults and landslides.
Testing the causal relationships of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with mental health and substance use disorders: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Iob Eleonora , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Munafò Marcus R. , Stubbs Brendon , Gilthorpe Mark S. , Maihofer Adam X. ,   Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Working Group, Danese Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObservational studies suggest that physical activity can reduce the risk of mental health and substance use disorders. However, it is unclear whether this relationship is causal or explained by confounding bias (e.g., common underlying causes or reverse causality). We investigated the bidirectional causal relationship of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with ten mental health and substance use disorders, applying two-sample Mendelian Randomisation (MR). Genetic instruments for the exposures and outcomes were derived from the largest available, non-overlapping genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Summary-level data for objectively assessed PA (accelerometer-based average activity, moderate activity, and walking) and SB and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA were obtained from the UK Biobank. Data for mental health/substance use disorders were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use. MR estimates were combined using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Accelerometer-based average PA was associated with a lower risk of depression (b = −0.043, 95% CI: −0.071 to −0.016, effect size[OR] = 0.957) and cigarette smoking (b = −0.026; 95% CI: −0.035 to −0.017, effect size[β] = −0.022). Accelerometer-based SB decreased the risk of anorexia (b = −0.341, 95% CI: −0.530 to −0.152, effect size[OR] = 0.711) and schizophrenia (b = −0.230; 95% CI: −0.285 to −0.175, effect size[OR] = 0.795). However, we found evidence of reverse causality in the relationship between SB and schizophrenia. Further, PTSD, bipolar disorder, anorexia, and ADHD were all associated with increased PA. This study provides evidence consistent with a causal protective effect of objectively assessed but not self-reported PA on reduced depression and cigarette smoking. Objectively assessed SB had a protective relationship with anorexia. Enhancing PA may be an effective intervention strategy to reduce depressive symptoms and addictive behaviours, while promoting sedentary or light physical activities may help to reduce the risk of anorexia in at-risk individuals.
Real-world effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 12,373 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
Authors: Boyer Laurent , Falissard Bruno , Nuss Philippe , Collin Cedric , Duret Stephanie , Rabbani Marc , De Chefdebien Isabelle , Tonelli Isabelle , Llorca Pierre Michel , Fond Guillaume 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis mirror-image study aimed to evaluate the real-life effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia initiating LAIs January 2015–December 2016 were enrolled from the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Standardized mean differences (SMD > 0.1 deemed clinically significant) were calculated for psychiatric healthcare resource utilization measures assessed one year before (during oral AP treatment) and one year after LAI initiation. LAI effectiveness was analyzed overall and by age group, gender and compliance to oral AP, defined as exposure to an AP for at least 80% of the year before LAI initiation. 12,373 patients were included. LAIs were more frequently initiated in men (58.1%), young (18–34 years, 42.0%) and non-compliant (63.7%) patients. LAI initiation was effective in reducing the number and duration of psychiatric hospitalizations and psychiatric emergency department (ED) admissions in non-compliant patients (SMD = −0.19, −0.26 and −0.12, respectively), but not in compliant patients. First-generation LAIs, paliperidone and aripiprazole LAIs reduced psychiatric hospitalizations (SMD = −0.20, −0.24, −0.21, respectively) and ED admissions (SMD = −0.15, −0.13, −0.15, respectively). No differences in effectiveness were found for age or gender. In compliant patients, only aripiprazole LAI reduced the number of psychiatric hospitalizations (SMD = -0.13). Risperidone and paliperidone LAIs increased hospitalization duration (SMD = 0.15 and 0.18, respectively). The prescription of LAIs (except risperidone) should be recommended in all non-compliant patients, even in women and patients aged 35 or older. The lower frequency of administration of LAIs than of oral APs may improve compliance and hence reduce the risk of relapse. Aripiprazole LAI may represent a treatment of choice for compliant patients that should be further investigated.
PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in midbrain dopamine neurons and modulate dopamine- and cannabinoid-mediated behavior in mice
Authors: Hempel Briana , Crissman Madeline , Pari Sruti , Klein Benjamin , Bi Guo-Hua , Alton Hannah , Xi Zheng-Xiong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate gene expression. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a PPARγ agonist and some endocannabinoids are natural activators of PPARα and PPARγ. However, little is known regarding their cellular distributions in the brain and functional roles in cannabinoid action. Here, we first used RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays to examine the cellular distributions of PPARα and PPARγ expression in the mouse brain. We found that PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in ~70% of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. In the amygdala, PPARα is expressed in ~60% of glutamatergic neurons, while PPARγ is expressed in ~60% of GABA neurons. However, no PPARα/γ signal was detected in GABA neurons in the nucleus accumbens. We then used a series of behavioral assays to determine the functional roles of PPARα/γ in the CNS effects of Δ9-THC. We found that optogenetic stimulation of midbrain DA neurons was rewarding as assessed by optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) in DAT-cre mice. Δ9-THC and a PPARγ (but not PPARα) agonist dose-dependently inhibited oICSS. Pretreatment with PPARα or PPARγ antagonists attenuated the Δ9-THC-induced reduction in oICSS and Δ9-THC-induced anxiogenic effects. In addition, a PPARγ agonist increased, while PPARα or PPARγ antagonists decreased open-field locomotion. Pretreatment with PPARα or PPARγ antagonists potentiated Δ9-THC-induced hypoactivity and catalepsy but failed to alter Δ9-THC-induced analgesia, hypothermia and immobility. These findings provide the first anatomical and functional evidence supporting an important role of PPARα/γ in DA-dependent behavior and cannabinoid action.
Trends in utilization of stored cryopreserved autologous peripheral hematopoietic cells intended for a second (or beyond) autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: a single center experience
Authors: Yassine Farah , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Tsalantsanis Athanasios , Roy Vivek , Zubair Abba C. , Murthy Hemant S. , Ayala Ernesto , Iqbal Madiha , Sher Taimur , Ailawadhi Sikander , Parrondo Ricardo D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to the advent of effective novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM), the use of cryopreserved autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic cells (APBHC) for a salvage autologous transplant (auto-HCT) is in decline. We evaluated utilization trends and costs associated with cryopreserved APBHC in patients with MM. We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathologic data from 440 patients with MM who underwent APBHC mobilization and collection at Mayo Clinic Florida between 2010 and 2019. Based on institution-specific charges as of May 2021, the cost of 1 session of APBHC collection/apheresis was $4,680 and the cost of 1 year of APBHC cryopreservation was $4,790 per patient. Out of 347 patients who had APBHC in cryopreservation, 5 (1.4%) underwent a salvage auto-HCT and 61% of patients had ≥1 excess collection sessions for APBHC that ultimately went unused. The median cost of excess collection sessions was $4,680 per patient (range, $4,680-$32,760) and the median total cost for excess collection sessions plus costs for storage was $23,840 per patient (range, $4,680–$85,450). The sum of costs of excess collection sessions was $2,077,920 and the sum of costs of cryopreservation was $5,812,665. Institutional policies regarding universal APBHC collection and long-term storage should be reevaluated in the era of novel therapeutics.
Phenotypic and molecular basis of SIX1 variants linked to non-syndromic deafness and atypical branchio-otic syndrome in South Korea
Authors: Lee Somin , Yun Yejin , Cha Ju Hyuen , Han Jin Hee , Lee Dae Hee , Song Jae-Jin , Park Moo Kyun , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Seung Ha , Choi Byung Yoon , Lee Sang-Yeon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBranchio-oto-renal (BOR)/branchio-otic (BO) syndrome is a rare disorder and exhibits clinically heterogenous phenotypes, marked by abnormalities in the ear, branchial arch, and renal system. Sporadic cases of atypical BOR/BO syndrome have been recently reported; however, evidence on genotype–phenotype correlations and molecular mechanisms of those cases is lacking. We herein identified five SIX1 heterozygous variants (c.307dupC:p.Leu103Profs*51, c.373G>A:p.Glu125Lys, c.386_391del:p.Tyr129_Cys130del, c.397_399del:p.Glu133del, and c.501G>C:p.Gln167His), including three novel variants, through whole-exome sequencing in five unrelated Korean families. All eight affected individuals with SIX1 variants displayed non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNA23) or atypical BO syndrome. The prevalence of major and minor criteria for BOR/BO syndrome was significantly reduced among individuals with SIX1 variants, compared to 15 BOR/BO syndrome families with EYA1 variants. All SIX1 variants interacted with the EYA1 wild-type; their complexes were localized in the nucleus except for the p.Leu103Profs*51 variant. All mutants also showed obvious but varying degrees of reduction in DNA binding affinity, leading to a significant decrease in transcriptional activity. This study presents the first report of SIX1 variants in South Korea, expanding the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of SIX1 variants, characterized by DFNA23 or atypical BO syndrome, and refines the diverse molecular aspects of SIX1 variants according to the EYA1–SIX1–DNA complex theory.
Treatment of Netherton syndrome with upadacitinib
Authors: Li Xinyu , Han Bing , Li Shanshan 
Published: July 2023

We reported the case of a patient with Netherton syndrome (NS) who showed remarkable cutaneous improvement using upadacitinib in the short term, but the efficacy decreased long term. This patient’s case demonstrates that Janus kinase inhibitors have reduced long-term clinical efficacy, which is the same as other biologic therapies used to treat patients with NS. This shows that NS is a complex skin disorder and more studies and clinical trials are required focusing on the long-term efficacy of these drugs.
Global perspectives on heart disease rehabilitation and secondary prevention: a scientific statement from the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions, European Association of Preventive Cardiology, and International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
Authors: Taylor Rod S , Fredericks Suzanne , Jones Ian , Neubeck Lis , Sanders Julie , De Stoutz Noemi , Thompson David R , Wadhwa Deepti N , Grace Sherry L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, morbidity, disability, and reduced health-related quality of life, as well as economic burden worldwide, with some 80% of disease burden occurring in the low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. With increasing numbers of people living longer with symptomatic disease, the effectiveness and accessibility of secondary preventative and rehabilitative health services have never been more important. Whilst LMICs experience the highest prevalence and mortality rates, the global approach to secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation, which mitigates this burden, has traditionally been driven from clinical guidelines emanating from high-income settings. This state-of-the art review provides a contemporary global perspective on cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention, contrasting the challenges of and opportunities for high vs. lower income settings. Actionable solutions to overcome system, clinician, programme, and patient level barriers to cardiac rehabilitation access in LMICs are provided.