bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-entropy electrolytes in boosting battery performance
Authors: Xu Jijian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Entropy, once overlooked, is an essential aspect of electrolytes. Recently emerged high-entropy electrolytes with multiple components provide vast compositional space and interfacial chemistry possibilities for electrolyte design. It is noteworthy that high-entropy electrolytes exhibit extraordinarily high ionic conductivity at low temperatures, thereby creating a new direction for batteries to operate at ultra-low temperatures. This commentary discusses the underlying mechanism, challenges encountered, and potential solutions of high-entropy electrolyte design in the hope of sparking future research in this subject.
Setting conservation priorities in multi-actor systems
Authors: O'Bryan Christopher J , Rhodes Jonathan R , Osunkoya Olusegun O , Lundie-Jenkins Geoff , Mudiyanselage Nisansala Abeysinghe , Sydes Travis , Calvert Moya , McDonald-Madden Eve , Bode Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNature conservation is underresourced, requiring managers to prioritize where, when, and how to spend limited funds. Prioritization methods identify the subset of actions that provide the most benefit to an actor's objective. However, spending decisions by conservation actors are often misaligned with their objectives. Although this misalignment is frequently attributed to poor choices by the actors, we argue that it can also be a byproduct of working alongside other organizations. Using strategic analyses of multi-actor systems in conservation, we show how interactions among multiple conservation actors can create misalignment between the spending and objectives of individual actors and why current uncoordinated prioritizations lead to fewer conservation objectives achieved for individual actors. We draw three conclusions from our results. First, that misalignment is an unsuitable metric for evaluating spending, because it may be necessary to achieve actors’ objectives. Second, that current prioritization methods cannot identify optimal decisions (as they purport to do), because they do not incorporate other actors’ decisions. Third, that practical steps can be taken to move actors in the direction of coordination and thereby better achieve their conservation objectives.
Chronic intracranial EEG recordings and interictal spike rate reveal multiscale temporal modulations in seizure states
Authors: Schroeder Gabrielle M , Karoly Philippa J , Maturana Matias , Panagiotopoulou Mariella , Taylor Peter N , Cook Mark J , Wang Yujiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many biological processes are modulated by rhythms on circadian and multidien timescales. In focal epilepsy, various seizure features, such as spread and duration, can change from one seizure to the next within the same patient. However, the specific timescales of this variability, as well as the specific seizure characteristics that change over time, are unclear. Here, in a cross-sectional observational study, we analysed within-patient seizure variability in 10 patients with chronic intracranial EEG recordings (185–767 days of recording time, 57–452 analysed seizures/patient). We characterized the seizure evolutions as sequences of a finite number of patient-specific functional seizure network states. We then compared seizure network state occurrence and duration to (1) time since implantation and (2) patient-specific circadian and multidien cycles in interictal spike rate. In most patients, the occurrence or duration of at least one seizure network state was associated with the time since implantation. Some patients had one or more seizure network states that were associated with phases of circadian and/or multidien spike rate cycles. A given seizure network state’s occurrence and duration were usually not associated with the same timescale. Our results suggest that different time-varying factors modulate within-patient seizure evolutions over multiple timescales, with separate processes modulating a seizure network state’s occurrence and duration. These findings imply that the development of time-adaptive treatments in epilepsy must account for several separate properties of epileptic seizures and similar principles likely apply to other neurological conditions.
Dietary Patterns Are Not Associated With Disease Activity Among Patients With Inflammatory Conditions of the Pouch in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Barnes Edward L , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Deepak Parakkal , Raffals Laura , Kayal Maia , Dubinsky Marla , Chang Shannon , Higgins Peter D R , Barr Jennifer I , Anderson Chelsea , Cross Raymond K , Long Millie D , Herfarth Hans H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence-based recommendations regarding the influence of diet on inflammatory conditions of the pouch after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) are limited.

Methods
We analyzed dietary patterns at enrollment in a prospective registry of patients with 1 of 4 inflammatory conditions of the pouch (acute pouchitis, chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis, chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis, and Crohn’s disease of the pouch). We analyzed dietary intake by disease activity at enrollment and then compared dietary patterns among patients who remained in remission throughout the 12-month follow-up to those patients who experienced a disease relapse. We also compared dietary patterns among patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommended daily goals.

Results
Among 308 patients, there were no differences in dietary patterns among patients with 1 of the 4 disease states at enrollment. Additionally, among the 102 patients in remission at baseline, there were no significant differences noted among patients who went on to experience a disease flare in the 12 months after enrollment compared to those patients who remained in remission. However, patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch demonstrated decreased intake of several food groups and macronutrients including dairy, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber when compared to USDA recommendations.

Conclusions
In a prospective cohort, we demonstrated no impact of dietary patterns on disease activity. The relative deficiencies in several food groups and macronutrients among patients after IPAA indicate the potential role of targeted nutritional counseling in this population.
AI4FoodDB: a database for personalized e-Health nutrition and lifestyle through wearable devices and artificial intelligence
Authors: Romero-Tapiador Sergio , Lacruz-Pleguezuelos Blanca , Tolosana Ruben , Freixer Gala , Daza Roberto , Fernández-Díaz Cristina M , Aguilar-Aguilar Elena , Fernández-Cabezas Jorge , Cruz-Gil Silvia , Molina Susana , Crespo Maria Carmen , Laguna Teresa , Marcos-Zambrano Laura Judith , Vera-Rodriguez Ruben , Fierrez Julian , Ramírez de Molina Ana , Ortega-Garcia Javier , Espinosa-Salinas Isabel , Morales Aythami , Carrillo de Santa Pau Enrique 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diet-related diseases calls for an improvement in nutritional advice. Personalized nutrition aims to solve this problem by adapting dietary and lifestyle guidelines to the unique circumstances of each individual. With the latest advances in technology and data science, researchers can now automatically collect and analyze large amounts of data from a variety of sources, including wearable and smart devices. By combining these diverse data, more comprehensive insights of the human body and its diseases can be achieved. However, there are still major challenges to overcome, including the need for more robust data and standardization of methodologies for better subject monitoring and assessment. Here, we present the AI4Food database (AI4FoodDB), which gathers data from a nutritional weight loss intervention monitoring 100 overweight and obese participants during 1 month. Data acquisition involved manual traditional approaches, novel digital methods and the collection of biological samples, obtaining: (i) biological samples at the beginning and the end of the intervention, (ii) anthropometric measurements every 2 weeks, (iii) lifestyle and nutritional questionnaires at two different time points and (iv) continuous digital measurements for 2 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, AI4FoodDB is the first public database that centralizes food images, wearable sensors, validated questionnaires and biological samples from the same intervention. AI4FoodDB thus has immense potential for fostering the advancement of automatic and novel artificial intelligence techniques in the field of personalized care. Moreover, the collected information will yield valuable insights into the relationships between different variables and health outcomes, allowing researchers to generate and test new hypotheses, identify novel biomarkers and digital endpoints, and explore how different lifestyle, biological and digital factors impact health. The aim of this article is to describe the datasets included in AI4FoodDB and to outline the potential that they hold for precision health research.
Database URL https://github.com/AI4Food/AI4FoodDB
Differential effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal outcomes according to renal function: a dose–response meta-analysis involving 10 randomized clinical trials and 71 553 individuals
Authors: Lin Donna Shu-Han , Yu An-Li , Lo Hao-Yun , Lien Cheng-Wei , Lee Jen-Kuang , Chiang Fu-Tien , Tu Yu-Kang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The main target of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), the sodium–glucose cotransporters 2, is found in the kidneys, and their activity is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). How the efficacy of SGLT2i may vary in patients with different levels of renal impairment has not been fully elucidated.

Methods
We searched the PubMed databases for relevant studies published through May 25, 2022. Randomized control trials comparing SGLT2i with placebo and reporting cardiovascular or renal outcomes were included. The primary outcome was the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which were defined as cardiovascular death (CV death), nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included the components of MACE, all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), the composite of CV death and HHF, and composite renal outcomes. Linear meta-regression analysis was used to assess the effects of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the risks associated with SGLT2i treatment vs placebo for all outcomes. Nonlinear meta-regression analysis was also performed for MACE to investigate the combined influence of reduced drug efficacy in CKD but possible greater risk reduction in a population with higher risk at baseline. Further analyses were performed by including additional study-level covariates, including the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Results
Risk ratios for MACE, CV death, nonfatal MI, HHF, and composite renal outcomes associated with SGLT2i treatment were not significantly related to baseline eGFR values. A positive association was observed between eGFR values and the risk of stroke with SGLT2i use (regression coefficient β = .0109, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0029–0.0188). A similar positive association was observed between eGFR values and the composite outcome of CV death and HHF (β = .0025, 95% CI 0.0000–0.0051). The results of the meta-regression analyses, including the additional covariates of DM, HF, and ASCVD, were consistent with the results of the primary analyses for most outcomes.

Conclusion
The protective effects of SGLT2i for reducing most adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes persisted in patients with variable degrees of renal impairment. The observed benefits such as preventing CV death, HF worsening, or stroke may be greater for patients with more severe CKD. Considering the cardiovascular and renal benefits associated with SGLT2i treatment, patients with CKD should be treated aggressively to improve outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021273500
Evaluation of failure rate of molar tubes with a modified bonding technique: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hasan Nawar M , Yassir Yassir A 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Background
During orthodontic therapy, bond failure of molar tubes may delay treatment. With the high failure rate of molar tubes, alternative bonding techniques were tested to improve bond strength.

Objectives
To compare the failure rates of molar tubes bonded with conventional and alternative bonding techniques by adding a layer of compomer adhesive at the molar/tube interface.

Trial design
Single-centre, single-blinded, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial.

Methods
Patients aged 12 years or older, who required fixed appliance orthodontic treatment without extraction and with no occlusal interference were eligible to participate. They were allocated randomly using a simple non-stratified split-mouth design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Blinding was only possible for the patients and data analysts. Molar tubes bonded with the modified bonding technique had an additional layer of compomer at the occlusal molar/tube interface. The patients were followed-up for nine months. Outcome measures included the survival time of molar tubes and the number of molar tubes debonded. The bond failure of molar tubes was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis (P &lt; 0.05).

Results
Thirty patients were recruited, randomized, and analyzed (mean age 20.33 years). The failure rate of molar tubes bonded with the modified bonding technique was 4.2 per cent and that of molar tubes bonded with the conventional bonding technique was 6.7 per cent. This difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). The dental arch and molar type were found to be as significant predictors for molar tube failure rate. No harm was detected during treatment.

Limitations
The effect of compomer to reduce enamel demineralization was not tested.

Conclusions and implications
The modified bonding technique did not significantly reduce the failure rate of molar tubes. The molar tubes bonded on the upper arch and second molars are more susceptible to debond.

Registration
The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 21 May 2022 (Registration number: NCT05391386).

Funding
This research did not receive any funding.
A novel indicator of selectionin utero
Authors: Catalano Ralph , Bruckner Tim A , Gemmill Alison , Casey Joan A , Margerison Claire , Hartig Terry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesSelection in utero predicts that population stressors raise the standard for how quickly fetuses must grow to avoid spontaneous abortion. Tests of this prediction must use indirect indicators of fetal loss in birth cohorts because vital statistics systems typically register fetal deaths at the 20th week of gestation or later, well after most have occurred. We argue that tests of selection in utero would make greater progress if researchers adopted an indicator of selection against slow-growing fetuses that followed from theory, allowed sex-specific tests and used readily available data. We propose such an indicator and assess its validity as a dependent variable by comparing its values among monthly birth cohorts before, and during, the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.MethodologyWe apply Box–Jenkins methods to 50 pre-pandemic birth cohorts (i.e., December 2016 through January 2020) and use the resulting transfer functions to predict counterfactual values in our suggested indicator for selection for ten subsequent birth cohorts beginning in February 2020. We then plot all 60 residual values as well as their 95% detection interval. If birth cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic lost more slow-growing fetuses than expected from history, more than one of the last 10 (i.e. pandemic-exposed) residuals would fall below the detection interval.ResultsFour of the last 10 residuals of our indicator for males and for females fell below the 95% detection interval.Conclusions and implicationsConsistent with selection in utero, Swedish birth cohorts in gestation at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic included fewer than expected infants who grew slowly in utero.
Community-acquired antimicrobial resistance among Syrian refugees and the local population in Türkiye
Authors: Yıldız Serap Süzük , Hekimoğlu Can Hüseyin , Sucaklı Mustafa Bahadır , Bakkaloğlu Zekiye , Çevik Yasemin Numanoğlu , Ünaldı Özlem , Arslantürk Hayal , Zikusooka Monica , Keçik Melda , Nellums Laura , Elci Omur Cinar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The long-standing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic has proven difficult to resolve and is becoming more complex, especially in the context of increasing forced migration, with little evidence around patterns of AMR in migrant communities. This study aimed to determine the frequency in the carriage of common types of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria between Syrian refugees and the local communities in Türkiye: extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Methods
We collected nasal swabs and stool samples from the study participants, the local community members, and refugees, between September 2020 and March 2021. We screened clinical samples for the presence of ESBL, MRSA and VRE. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial isolates were tested by phenotypic analysis to determine the AMR status.

Results
The study included a total of 3960 participants: 1453 individuals in the local community (36.2%) and 2525 Syrian refugees (63.8%). Overall, a significantly greater proportion of refugees (6.7%) carried MRSA compared to the local community (3.2%) (P &lt; 0.001). The ESBL-positivity rate was 17.9% in Syrian refugees and 14.3% in the local community (P = 0.041). Carbapenemase activity was detected in three isolates from Syrian refugees. No VRE was detected in Syrian refugees or the local community.

Conclusions
This large, community-based study on the frequency and the distribution of AMR among Syrian refugees and the local population is the first study in Türkiye.
Inscription, the Embossed Surface and the Ceremonial Sip: The Traubenpokal of Bernkastel-Kues, 1661–2001
Authors: Stielau Allison 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article relates the biography of a seventeenth-century gilt-silver cup from its origins in Nuremberg in the 1630s to its use in civic drinking rituals in the small town of Bernkastel-Kues on the Moselle River during the twentieth century. It investigates in particular two of the cup’s physical features, its 1661 inscription and the lobate forms populating its surface, which facilitate different modes of social relation and offer distinct orientations to permanence and the historical past. Recounting the cup’s history over centuries occasions discussion of the shifting significance of ceremonial drinking (Ehrentrunk) and council plate or civic plate (Ratssilber) in German cities and towns.
Bakery waste supplementation to late gestating Bos indicus-influenced beef cows successfully impacted offspring postnatal performance
Authors: S. Izquierdo Vinicius , L. Silva João V , Palmer Elizabeth , Ranches Juliana , Bittar João H J , Santos Giovanna C M , Pickett Autumn , Cooke Reinaldo F , Vendramini João M B , Moriel Philipe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and immune function of beef calves born to cows supplemented with bakery waste containing two concentrations of crude fat. On day 0 (~90 d before calving), 108 multiparous Brangus crossbred cows were stratified by body weight (BW; 551 ± 65 kg) and body condition score (BCS, 5.5 ± 0.9) and randomly allocated into 1 of 18 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (6 cows and 4.3 ha per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (6 pastures per treatment) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (NOSUP) and isocaloric and isonitrogenous supplementation of low-fat (LFAT; 6.4% crude fat) or high-fat (HFAT; 10.7% crude fat) bakery waste from days 0 to 70 (1 kg DM per cow per day). Calves were weaned on day 292 (201 ± 17 d of age). Then, 15 heifers per treatment were randomly selected and assigned to drylot pens from days 300 to 345 and vaccinated against respiratory pathogens on days 300 and 315. Cow BCS near calving (day 70) was the least (P ≤ 0.05) for NOSUP cows and did not differ (P = 0.12) between LFAT and HFAT cows. Cow BCS at the start of the breeding season (day 140) was greater (P = 0.05) for HFAT vs. NOSUP cows and intermediate (P ≥ 0.35) for LFAT cows. Plasma concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids in HFAT cows did not differ (P ≥ 0.76) compared with LFAT cows but were greater (P ≤ 0.05) compared to NOSUP cows on day 70. Final pregnancy percentage did not differ (P ≥ 0.26) among treatments, but a greater percentage of HFAT cows calved (P ≤ 0.05) their second offspring during the first 21 d of the calving season compared to NOSUP and LFAT cows (bred by natural service). Weaning BW was the greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for LFAT and least for NOSUP calves. Maternal treatments did not impact (P ≥ 0.11) postweaning growth and total DM intake of calves. Average plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.03) for NOSUP vs. HFAT calves and intermediate for LFAT calves (P ≥ 0.26). Serum titers against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were greater or tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.08) for HFAT vs. LFAT calves and intermediate (P ≥ 0.27) for NOSUP calves at the end of preconditioning. Thus, supplemental fat concentration fed to late-gestating beef cows had variable effects on calf performance. Low-fat bakery waste led to the greatest calf preweaning growth, whereas high-fat bakery waste enhanced maternal reproduction and had minor benefits to calf humoral immune function.