bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the recognition pathway of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in DNA by Rad4/XPC
Authors: Jakhar Nikhil , Prabhakant Akshay , Krishnan Marimuthu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
UV radiation-induced DNA damages have adverse effects on genome integrity and cellular function. The most prevalent UV-induced DNA lesion is the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which can cause skin disorders and cancers in humans. Rad4/XPC is a damage sensing protein that recognizes and repairs CPD lesions with high fidelity. However, the molecular mechanism of how Rad4/XPC interrogates CPD lesions remains elusive. Emerging viewpoints indicate that the association of Rad4/XPC with DNA, the insertion of a lesion-sensing β-hairpin of Rad4/XPC into the lesion site and the flipping of CPD’s partner bases (5′-dA and 3′-dA) are essential for damage recognition. Characterizing these slow events is challenging due to their infrequent occurrence on molecular time scales. Herein, we have used enhanced sampling and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanism and energetics of lesion recognition by Rad4/XPC, considering multiple plausible pathways between the crystal structure of the Rad4–DNA complex and nine intermediate states. Our results shed light on the most likely sequence of events, their potential coupling and energetics. Upon association, Rad4 and DNA form an encounter complex in which CPD and its partner bases remain in the duplex and the BHD3 β-hairpin is yet to be inserted into the lesion site. Subsequently, sequential base flipping occurs, with the flipping of the 5′-dA base preceding that of the 3′-dA base, followed by the insertion of the BHD3 β-hairpin into the lesion site. The results presented here have significant implications for understanding the molecular basis of UV-related skin disorders and cancers and for paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
Activation of Csm6 ribonuclease by cyclic nucleotide binding: in an emergency, twist to open
Authors: McQuarrie Stuart , Athukoralage Januka S , McMahon Stephen A , Graham Shirley , Ackermann Katrin , Bode Bela E , White Malcolm F , Gloster Tracey M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Type III CRISPR systems synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers as part of a multi-faceted immune response against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs). cOA activates non-specific CRISPR ancillary defence nucleases to create a hostile environment for MGE replication. Csm6 ribonucleases bind cOA using a CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossmann Fold) domain, resulting in activation of a fused HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide binding) ribonuclease domain. Csm6 enzymes are widely used in a new generation of diagnostic assays for the detection of specific nucleic acid species. However, the activation mechanism is not fully understood. Here we characterised the cyclic hexa-adenylate (cA6) activated Csm6’ ribonuclease from the industrially important bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus. Crystal structures of Csm6’ in the inactive and cA6 bound active states illuminate the conformational changes which trigger mRNA destruction. Upon binding of cA6, there is a close to 60° rotation between the CARF and HEPN domains, which causes the ‘jaws’ of the HEPN domain to open and reposition active site residues. Key to this transition is the 6H domain, a right-handed solenoid domain connecting the CARF and HEPN domains, which transmits the conformational changes for activation.
A review of the (potential) implications of climate change for policing practice worldwide
Authors: Matczak Anna , Bergh Sylvia I 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change is now considered more than just an environmental issue, with far-reaching effects for society at large. While the exact implications of climate change for policing practice are still unknown, over the past two decades criminologists have anticipated that climate change will have a number of effects that will result in compromised safety and security. This article is informed by the outcome of a co-creation workshop with 16 practitioners and scholars of diverse backgrounds based in The Netherlands, who sought to conceptualize and systematize the existing knowledge on how climate change will most likely impact the professional practice of the Dutch (or any other) police. These challenges, with varying degrees of intensity, are observable at three main levels: the societal, organizational, and individual level. These levels cannot be separated neatly in practice but we use them as a structuring device, and to illustrate how dynamics on one level impact the others. This article aims to establish the precepts necessary to consider when exploring the intersection between climate change and policing. We conclude that much still needs to be done to ensure that the implications of climate change and the subject of policing are better aligned, and that climate change is recognized as an immediate challenge experienced on the ground and not treated as a distant, intangible phenomenon with possible future impacts. This starts with creating awareness about the possible ways in which it is already impacting the functioning of policing organizations, as well as their longer-term repercussions.
Doctors’ pay in the United Kingdom: evaluating the broader impacts of change
Authors: Ferreira Tomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) faces a mounting workforce crisis, with compensation being a focal point of discontent. This editorial explores the real-term erosion of doctors' salaries in the UK, using the Retail Price Index as a more comprehensive measure of inflation. Comparisons with international standards reveal significant disparities, contributing to the emigration of medical talent. The NHS's increased reliance on agency locum doctors poses financial strain and affects continuity of patient care. Economic considerations debunk common counterarguments against pay restoration, emphasising the broader implications for healthcare delivery and societal well-being. The editorial concludes by advocating for policy measures to address this pay disparity as both an economic imperative and a strategic necessity to sustain the NHS.
Hyperparasitism among larval stages of Digenea in snail hosts: sophisticated life strategy or pure randomness? The scenario of Cotylurus sp.
Authors: Kanarek Gerard , Gabrysiak Julia , Pyrka Ewa , Jeżewski Witold , Stanicka Anna , Cichy Anna , Żbikowska Elżbieta , Zaleśny Grzegorz , Hildebrand Joanna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The hyperparasitism of tetracotyle metacercariae (Cotylurus sp.; Strigeidae) in trematode asexually multiplicating larval stages (sporocysts and/or rediae) within snail intermediate hosts have been perceived for years as a highly evolved mode of life strategy within trematodes, enhancing their development and transmission success. Here, we verified these data and the potential implications for the co-evolution of life strategies within the host–parasite–hyperparasite system. During complex research on the taxonomy and life cycles of trematodes of the family Strigeidae, the results showed that the phenomenon of metacercariae hyperparasitism on sporocysts/rediae within snail hosts is not uncommon in natural conditions in central Europe. However, the relatively low rate of cases of hyperparasitism within the population of snails and the lack of visible trends favouring such a life strategy suggest the accidental nature of this phenomenon. Simultaneously, we found a significantly higher prevalence and mean intensity of tetracotyles in snails without sporocysts/rediae than in snails co-infected by these larval stages and tetracotyles. These distinctions suggest negative relationships between tetracotyles and trematode asexually multiplicating larval stages within snails, with a potential impact on the structure and functioning of trematode larval infracommunities in snail intermediate hosts.
The Use of Postoperative Compression Garments in Plastic Surgery—Necessary or Not? A Practical Review
Authors: Ormseth Benjamin H. , Livermore Nina R. , Schoenbrunner Anna R. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
This practical review critically evaluates the evidence behind the widespread use of postoperative compression therapy intended to improve surgical outcomes, such as reduced edema, ecchymosis, pain, and seroma formation. A literature search of PubMed was conducted to identify relevant studies concerning the use of compression garments after aesthetic surgery, including rhinoplasty, facelift, neck lift, mammoplasty, abdominoplasty, limb contouring, and others. Additionally, reconstructive and therapeutic procedures closely related in anatomy or technique to these cosmetic operations, such as breast reconstruction, mastectomy, and hernia repair, were also considered to provide further perspective. After study extraction, the volume, quality, and agreement of the evidence found was highly heterogenous depending on the context of specific operations and outcomes evaluated. The most well-supported indications for the use of postoperative compression garments are to mitigate edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty and to reduce postoperative pain after breast and abdominal procedures, although no effect on seroma rate was demonstrated. Any potential benefit must be balanced against the associated costs and possible complications of compression, including patient discomfort, increased venous stasis, and skin defects. Thus, we encourage surgeons to critically reassess their use of compression garments. In many settings, such as brachioplasty, there is limited high-quality evidence to inform best practice, and we urge the community to continue researching this important topic so that more definitive and comprehensive guidelines may be established.
Comparing the time efficiency of two lasers used in FLACS: real-world observational study
Authors: Heit Larry , Datar Manasi , Kyriakakos Maria , Orcutt Cecelia , Hsiao Carine , Pan Sun-Ming , Shamie Neda 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate time efficiencies in the laser room for 2 different femtosecond laser systems.

Setting:
1 private practice in Atlanta, Georgia, and 1 private practice in Los Angeles, California.

Design:
Prospective, observational, single-masked study.

Methods:
Patients scheduled to receive femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) included those who were not pregnant, had no previous eye surgeries, and were not scheduled to undergo additional surgical procedures at the time of treatment; patients who received a standard, monofocal lens without undergoing arcuate incisions were excluded. Patients taking Flomax or any tamsulosin were also excluded from the study. Each comparable step in the LenSx and CATALYS workflow was identified and clearly defined. Time for each step was evaluated and compared using t tests and regression analyses to control for patient and site-specific differences between the 2 groups.

Results:
Time data were collected for 89 patients (89 eyes). The overall procedure was 2.86 minutes shorter for the LenSx system when compared with the CATALYS system (P < .05). Per patient, the LenSx system had significantly shorter time for patient positioning (57.26 vs 122.00 seconds; P < .05), imaging (33.23 vs 42.17 seconds; P < .05), laser treatment (21.57 vs 39.67 seconds; P < .05), and undocking/transition (67.13 vs 185.30 seconds; P < .05) compared with the CATALYS system. Regression analyses yielded similar results, with the LenSx system being over 35% (3.21 minutes; P < .05) shorter overall than the CATALYS system controlling for location, age, sex, lens thickness, cataract grade, fragmentation pattern, and arcuate incisions.

Conclusions:
LenSx procedures were significantly shorter than the CATALYS procedures overall, which can enable ophthalmology practices to increase efficiency.
Do Walk Step Reminders Improve Physical Activity in Persons Living With HIV in New York City?—Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alvarez Gabriella , Sanabria Gabriella , Jia Haomiao , Cho Hwayoung , Reynolds Nancy R. , Gradilla Melissa , Olender Susan , Mohr David C. , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Supervised physical activity can increase functional capacity in persons with HIV (PWH); however, aerobic interventions have shown little improvement in overall physical activity in PWH. In response, we sought to assess the effect of wearing a fitness tracker (FitBit) paired with walk step reminders delivered through an mHealth application to improve physical activity and decreasing body mass index among PWH in New York City. There was no significant difference in the frequency of walk steps between participants in the control group and intervention group from baseline to 6-month follow-up. These findings show that walk step reminders alone were inadequate for sustained improvement of physical activity. This study highlights the need to develop and test the comparative efficacy of physical activity interventions that are tailored to the unique needs and capabilities of PWH. Future interventions should incorporate fitness tracking with tailored interventions focused on the promotion of physical activity.
Clinical Trials.Gov Registration number: NCT03205982.
Anatomical variations and abnormalities of the maxillary region and clinical implications: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan José , Baez-Flores Belén , Sepúlveda Roberto Ávila , Medina Claudia Moya , Pérez Rubén , López Esteban , Sanchis Juan , Orellana Donoso Mathias , Silva Javiera Leyton , Rodriguez Macarena Cecilia , Iwanaga Joe 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to investigate and analyze the anatomical variations present in the maxillary sinus (MS), through the examination of the prevalence of these variations, as well as the corresponding prevalence of clinically significant pathologies and complications associated with them.

Methods:
The search process was carried out in the following databases; MEDLINE, SCIELO, WOS, CINHAL, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, using as search terms; “Maxillary bone,” “Maxillary sinus,” “Paranasal sinus,” “Anatomical variations,” “Sinusitis” and “Clinical anatomy.”

Results:
A total of 26 articles and 12969 samples were included, from which 12,594 subjects had their sex recorded giving a total of 5802 males and 6792 females. The variants reported by the included were Haller cells, Concha Bullosa, Number of septa, Hypoplastic sinus, Agger Nasi, Thickening of the MS mucosa, Deviation of the nasal septum, Accessory ostium, and Onodi cells. Among the mentioned, the ones that presented the greatest number of studies (between 8 and 10 studies included) were: the Haller Cells, the Concha Bullosa, and the Number of septa, where prevalence was 0.30, 0.36, 0.39 respectively. These variations can lead to sinusitis, cause some types of tumors, or affect neighboring structures that could be compromised by this variation.

Conclusion:
As a result, it is certainly complex to distinguish the presence of anatomical variations from pathological abnormalities. Therefore, knowledge of the different variations and their clinical relationships could be a useful asset for clinicians dedicated to this region.
Nursing measures in the fast-track surgery on negative emotions in breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Shaotong , Zhang Yueyue , Ma Xiaomin , Lin Lu , Tian Li 
Published: September 2023

Background:
To critically evaluate the effects of different nursing measures based on the concept of fast-track surgery (FTS) on the negative emotions of patients with breast cancer.

Methods:
A systematic search of 8 databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Psycho info, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang, China science and technology journal database, and China biomedical literature database, was performed to find randomized controlled trials from inception to April 2023. Two reviewers critically and independently assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane Collaboration criteria and extracted correlated data using the designed form. All analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3.

Results:
Ten studies were included in the systematic review, with a total of 830 patients (FTS group: 415; control group: 415). The results showed that different nursing measures based on the concept of FTS could significantly reduce anxiety (MD = −1.74, 95% confidence intervals [−2.41, −1.08], P < .00001) and depression (MD = −1.98, 95% confidence intervals [−2.44, −1.51], P < .00001) in patients after modified breast cancer surgery compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
Based on the concept of FTS, the nursing measures such as reducing preoperative fasting time, posture management, preventive analgesia, and early functional exercise can effectively reduce the anxiety and depression of patients during the perioperative period.
Is acupuncture an effective treatment for temporomandibular disorder?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Park Eun Young , Cho Jae-Heung , Lee Sook-Hyun , Kim Koh-Woon , Ha In-Hyuk , Lee Yoon Jae 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Acupuncture is used for treating various disorders, but its effects on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for TMD via a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Methods:
A total of 11 Korean and worldwide databases were searched to identify acupuncture studies in adults with TMD. A Cochrane risk of bias assessment was performed on all articles; a meta-analysis, which involved the categorization according to the type of control used (inactive control, active control, or add-on), was subsequently performed. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.

Results:
The qualitative analysis of randomized clinical trials with acupuncture as the intervention included 32 articles, 22 of which were included in the quantitative analysis (471 participants). Acupuncture significantly improved outcomes (effect rate, relative risk [RR]: 7.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91, 25, 62; visual analog scale, standardized mean difference: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.73) versus active controls (effect rate, RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.27). In the analysis of add-ons, acupuncture significantly improved the effect rate and pain intensity (effect rate, RR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.77; visual analog scale, mean difference: −1.23; 95% CI −1.79, −0.67). However, the quality of evidence was determined to range from low to very low.

Conclusion:
Acupuncture in TMD significantly improved outcomes versus active controls and when add-on treatments were applied. However, as the quality of evidence was determined to be low, well-designed clinical trials should be conducted in the future.
Understanding Sickle cell disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment options
Authors: Elendu Chukwuka , Amaechi Dependable C. , Alakwe-Ojimba Chisom E. , Elendu Tochi C. , Elendu Rhoda C. , Ayabazu Chiagozie P. , Aina Titilayo O. , Aborisade Ooreofe , Adenikinju Joseph S. 
Published: September 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin molecules that cause red blood cells to take on a crescent or sickle shape. This condition affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent. This paper aims to provide an overview of SCD by exploring its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.
The primary cause of SCD is a mutation in the gene responsible for producing hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. This mutation has abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to become stiff and sticky, leading to various health complications. Patients with SCD may experience recurrent pain, fatigue, anemia, and increased infection susceptibility.
Treatment options for SCD focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This includes pain management with analgesics, hydration, and blood transfusions to improve oxygen delivery. Hydroxyurea, a medication that increases the production of fetal hemoglobin, is commonly used to reduce the frequency and severity of pain crises. Additionally, bone marrow or stem cell transplants can cure select individuals with severe SCD.
Finally, understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for SCD is crucial for healthcare professionals, patients, and their families. It enables early diagnosis, effective symptom management, and improved quality of life for individuals with this chronic condition.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and COVID-19: a case report with suspected multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohsen , Aghapour Seyed Ali , Rashidbaghan Azam , Mazandarani Mahshid 
Published: September 2023

Introduction and importance:
Symptoms similar to diseases such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were reported in pediatric coronavirus infections.

Case presentation:
Here, we present a 4-year-old girl with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an earlier diagnosis of SJS, and a final diagnosis of MIS-C.

Clinical discussion:
Unlike the negative PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the positive serological test confirmed COVID-19.

Conclusion:
The monitoring of this case indicated that higher coronavirus infection can delay immune reaction and cause symptoms similar to SJS.
A chronic subdural hematoma complicating an arachnoid cyst in a juvenile boxer: a rare case report with comprehensive literature review
Authors: Borni Mehdi , Kolsi Fatma , Taallah Marouen , Boudawara Mohamed Zaher 
Published: September 2023

Introduction and importance:
Arachnoid cyst (AC) is the most frequently founded lesion reported in adolescent patients suffering from chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH). Association between these two distinct clinical entities is known for a long time. However, in the literature there are numerous clinical cases that reflect this relationship and few large series that analyze them in detail. Paediatric population is more rarely affected with this association.

Case presentation:
The authors report the case of AC of incidental discovery complicated with CSDH in 15-year-old male recreational boxer presented with progressive onset of holocranial drug-resistant throbbing headache with favourable clinical course after conservative treatment.

Clinical discussion:
ACs are a well-known predisposing cause for CSDH after head trauma. In all cases of CSDH in children, the diagnosis of ruptured AC should be considered. Rupture may be spontaneous or following even mild head trauma with rupture of bridging veins causing subdural bleeding as it was seen in our patient who was practicing a full-contact free-sparring sport like boxing sustaining repeated and direct mild head traumas. MRI is recommended to detect small cysts in adolescents with CSDH. The management of these patients remains controversial.

Conclusion:
This is a rare reported case of CSDH complicating an AC in a juvenile recreational male boxer. This association remains extremely rare in children and adolescents, as evidenced by the rare cases reported in the literature.