bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Interpretation on Explainable AI-Guided Intuition Uncovers Premonitory Reactions of Disordering Fate in Persimmon Fruit
Authors: Masuda Kanae , Kuwada Eriko , Suzuki Maria , Suzuki Tetsuya , Niikawa Takeshi , Uchida Seiichi , Akagi Takashi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Deep neural network (DNN) techniques, as an advanced machine learning framework, have allowed various image diagnoses in plants, which often achieve better prediction performance than human experts in each specific field. Notwithstanding, in plant biology, the application of DNNs is still mostly limited to rapid and effective phenotyping. The recent development of explainable CNN frameworks has allowed visualization of the features in the prediction by a convolutional neural network (CNN), which potentially contributes to the understanding of physiological mechanisms in objective phenotypes. In this study, we propose an integration of explainable CNN and transcriptomic approach to make a physiological interpretation of a fruit internal disorder in persimmon, rapid over-softening. We constructed CNN models to accurately predict the fate to be rapid softening in persimmon cv. Soshu, only with photo images. The explainable CNNs, such as Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-Class Activation Mapping (CAM)) and guided Grad-CAM, visualized specific featured regions relevant to the prediction of rapid softening, which would correspond to the premonitory symptoms in a fruit. Transcriptomic analyses to compare the featured regions of the predicted rapid-softening and control fruits suggested that rapid softening is triggered by precocious ethylene signal–dependent cell wall modification, despite exhibiting no direct phenotypic changes. Further transcriptomic comparison between the featured and non-featured regions in the predicted rapid-softening fruit suggested that premonitory symptoms reflected hypoxia and the related stress signals finally to induce ethylene signals. These results would provide a good example for the collaboration of image analysis and omics approaches in plant physiology, which uncovered a novel aspect of fruit premonitory reactions in the rapid-softening fate.
Anomalous widespread arid events in Asia over the past 550,000 years
Authors: Carrasqueira Igor Gustavo da Fonseca , Jovane Luigi , Droxler André W , Alvarez Zarikian Carlos A , Lanci Luca , Alonso-Garcia Montserrat , Laya Juan Carlos , Kroon Dick 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Records of element ratios obtained from the Maldives Inner Sea sediments provide a detailed view on how the Indian Monsoon System has varied at high-resolution time scales. Here, we present records from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1471 based on a refined chronology through the past 550,000 years. The record's high resolution and a proper approach to set the chronology allowed us to reconstruct changes in the Indian Monsoon System on a scale of anomalies and to verify their relationships with established records from the East Asian Monsoon System. On the basis of Fe/sum and Fe/Si records, it can be demonstrated that the Asia continental aridity tracks sea-level changes, while the intensity of winter monsoon winds responds to changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Furthermore, the anomalies of continental aridity and intensity of winter monsoon winds at millennial-scale events exhibit power in the precession band, nearly in antiphase with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. These observations indicate that the insolation drove the anomalies in the Indian Summer Monsoon. The good correspondence between our record and the East Asian monsoon anomaly records suggests the occurrence of anomalous widespread arid events in Asia.
A score for predicting colchicine resistance at the time of diagnosis in familial Mediterranean fever: data from the TURPAID registry
Authors: Batu Ezgi Deniz , Şener Seher , Arslanoglu Aydin Elif , Aliyev Emil , Bagrul İlknur , Türkmen Şeyma , Akgün Özlem , Balık Zeynep , Tanatar Ayşe , Bayındır Yağmur , Kızıldağ Zehra , Torun Rüya , Günalp Aybüke , Coşkuner Taner , İşgüder Rana , Aydın Tuncay , Haşlak Fatih , Kasap Cüceoğlu Müşerref , Esen Esra , Akçay Ulaş , Başaran Özge , Pac Kısaarslan Aysenur , Akal Fuat , Yüce Deniz , Özdel Semanur , Bülbül Mehmet , Bilginer Yelda , Aktay Ayaz Nuray , Sözeri Betül , Kasapçopur Özgür , Ünsal Erbil , Özen Seza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Colchicine forms the mainstay of treatment in FMF. Approximately 5–10% of FMF patients are colchicine resistant and require anti-IL-1 drugs. We aimed to compare the characteristics of colchicine-resistant and colchicine-responsive patients and to develop a score for predicting colchicine resistance at the time of FMF diagnosis.

Methods
FMF patients (0–18 years) enrolled in the Turkish Paediatric Autoinflammatory Diseases (TURPAID) registry were included. The predictive score for colchicine resistance was developed by using univariate/multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristics analyses.

Results
A total of 3445 FMF patients [256 (7.4%) colchicine-resistant and 3189 colchicine-responsive) were included (female:male ratio 1.02; median age at diagnosis 67.4 months). Colchicine-resistant patients had longer, more frequent attacks and were younger at symptom onset and diagnosis (P &lt; 0.05). Fever, erysipelas-like erythema, arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chest pain, comorbidities, parental consanguinity and homozygosity/compound heterozygosity for exon 10 MEFV mutations were significantly more prevalent among colchicine-resistant than colchicine-responsive patients (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training cohort (n = 2684) showed that age at symptom onset, attack frequency, arthritis, chest pain and having two exon 10 mutations were the strongest predictors of colchicine resistance. The score including these items had a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 49.1%. In the validation cohort (n = 671), its sensitivity was 93.5% and specificity was 53.8%.

Conclusion
We developed a clinician-friendly and practical predictive score that could help us identify FMF patients with a greater risk of colchicine resistance and tailor disease management individually at the time of diagnosis.
Determinants of neuropsychiatric flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from five phase III trials of belimumab
Authors: Palazzo Leonardo , Lindblom Julius , Cetrez Nursen , Ala Henri , Parodis Ioannis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To identify determinants of neuropsychiatric (NP) flares in patients with SLE treated for active SLE yet no ongoing severe NPSLE with non-biologic standard therapy plus belimumab or placebo.

Methods
We analysed data from five phase III trials (BLISS-52, BLISS-76, BLISS-NEA, BLISS-SC, EMBRACE; n = 3638) after exclusion of patients with baseline NP BILAG A. Factors associated with NPSLE flare, defined as a new NP BILAG A or B, were investigated using Cox regression. In a subgroup analysis, we studied patients with baseline NP BILAG E for determinants of de novo NPSLE flare. Organ damage was assessed using the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI).

Results
We documented 105 (2.9%) NPSLE flares. In multivariable analysis, male sex (HR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.31, 4.28; P = 0.004), baseline NP BILAG B–D (HR = 5.91; 95% CI: 3.86, 9.06; P &lt; 0.001), and increasing SDI scores (HR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.50; P &lt; 0.001) were strongly associated with NPSLE flare. Belimumab use yielded no association at any dose or administration form. In analysis of SDI domains, NP damage was the strongest determinant of NPSLE flare (HR = 3.25; 95% CI: 2.72, 3.88; P &lt; 0.001), holding true for cognitive impairment (HR = 14.29; 95% CI: 9.22, 22.14; P &lt; 0.001), transverse myelitis (HR = 21.89; 95% CI: 5.40, 88.72; P &lt; 0.001), and neuropathy (HR = 8.87; 95% CI: 5.59, 14.09; P &lt; 0.001). Male sex was the strongest determinant of de novo NPSLE flare (HR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.51, 7.04; P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Male sex, NPSLE history, and NP damage were strong determinants of impending NPSLE flare. No clear protection or predisposition was conferred from add-on belimumab.
Conservatism versus sustainability: recognising the interconnectivity of ALARA and sustainability
Authors: Ambrose Kathryn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sustainability in its widest definition covers societal, economic and environmental factors and requires striking a balance between the needs of current and future generations. It is not always recognised that there is a link between sustainability and the work of radiological protection professionals. However, in managing safety and the environment, sustainability is an integral part of the radiological protection professionals’ role. Improvements to sustainability performance can also improve safety and environmental performance, i.e. introducing energy-efficient lighting has environmental and economic benefits but often improves visibility, highlighting safety hazards. Yet, decisions around safety and the environment can be unsustainable. ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) captures the concept of sustainability as it requires the balance of safety with societal and economic impacts. However, by explicitly referencing the environment, and therefore sustainability, within the ALARA approach, alongside societal and economic impacts, the radiological protection profession can further worldwide sustainability goals.
Monitoring system of the fuel-Casette-free STATE of the control rod sleeves on the PAKS NPP
Authors: Solymosi Máté , Bujtás Tibor , Csurgai József , Marusa Andor , Nagy Gábor , Solymosi József , Zsille Ottó 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lifting the control rod sleeves (CRS) is one of the initial steps of the refuelling of the VVER-400-213 type reactor, which are operating at Paks NPP. If any fuel-cassette adheres to the CRS during its lift, it can result in unplanned exposure of the workers. The monitoring system has been recalibrated, because the first calibration of the monitoring system had been implemented 20 years ago, and Paks NPP had changed the fuel cycle from 12 months to 15 months. The task was performed under the refuelling outage of unit 1 in 2018. During preparatory works performed for refuelling of the same unit, at 6th May 2021 the monitoring system indicated the adhesion of the one of the fuel cassettes to the CRS. This work provides an overview about the operation of the system, about completed tasks relating to recalibration of the measuring system and about the adhesion event on the unit 1.
Methodology to compare alternative design options for radioactive waste disposal facilities under the principle of ALARA based on probabilistic approach with Bayesian inference
Authors: Sugiyama Daisuke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the process of optimisation of radiological protection in long-term radioactive waste management, design options for disposal facilities are assessed from the viewpoint of practical reduction in radiation dose to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). In this paper, a probabilistic approach is introduced to evaluate differences in dose distributions between alternative facility designs using the Bayesian inference technique. It is demonstrated by a series of parametric calculations for hypothetic disposal system designs that an additional dose from an disposal facility could be sufficiently reduced from the viewpoint of dose reduction under the ALARA principle if the design option for a disposal facility whose 95th percentile of dose distribution is lower than the target dose of 0.1 mSv/y is provided. Reducing uncertainties of the distribution of dose from disposal options is also an important aspect for the practical reduction in radiation dose to which members of the public are exposed.
A Cautionary Note on “A Cautionary Note on the Use of Ornstein Uhlenbeck Models in Macroevolutionary Studies”
Authors: Grabowski Mark , Pienaar Jason , Voje Kjetil L , Andersson Staffan , Fuentes-González Jesualdo , Kopperud Bjørn T , Moen Daniel S , Tsuboi Masahito , Uyeda Josef , Hansen Thomas F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Models based on the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process have become standard for the comparative study of adaptation. Cooper et al. (2016) have cast doubt on this practice by claiming statistical problems with fitting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models to comparative data. Specifically, they claim that statistical tests of Brownian motion may have too high Type I error rates and that such error rates are exacerbated by measurement error. In this note, we argue that these results have little relevance to the estimation of adaptation with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models for three reasons. First, we point out that Cooper et al. (2016) did not consider the detection of distinct optima (e.g. for different environments), and therefore did not evaluate the standard test for adaptation. Second, we show that consideration of parameter estimates, and not just statistical significance, will usually lead to correct inferences about evolutionary dynamics. Third, we show that bias due to measurement error can be corrected for by standard methods. We conclude that Cooper et al. (2016) have not identified any statistical problems specific to Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models, and that their cautions against their use in comparative analyses are unfounded and misleading. [adaptation, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model, phylogenetic comparative method.]
Public health evaluation of PFAS exposures and breastfeeding: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hoadley Lydia , Watters Michelle , Rogers Rachel , Siegmann Werner Lora , Markiewicz Karl V , Forrester Tina , McLanahan Eva D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made chemicals that are persistent in the environment. They can be transferred across the placenta to fetuses and through human milk to infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises that the benefits of breastfeeding infants almost always outweigh the potential risks of harm from environmental chemicals. However, there are few chemical-specific summaries of the potential harms of exposure to PFAS during the neonatal period through breastfeeding. This systematic review explores whether exposure to PFAS through breastfeeding is associated with adverse health outcomes among infants and children using evidence from human and animal studies. Systematic searches identified 4297 unique records from 7 databases. The review included 37 total articles, including 9 animal studies and 1 human study measuring the direct contribution of exposure of the infant or pup through milk for any health outcome. Animal studies provided evidence of associations between exposure to PFOA through breastfeeding and reduced early life body weight gain, mammary gland development, and thyroid hormone levels. They also provided limited evidence of associations between PFOS exposure through breastfeeding with reduced early life body weight gain and cellular changes in the hippocampus. The direct relevance of any of these outcomes to human health is uncertain, and it is possible that many adverse health effects of exposure through breastfeeding have not yet been studied. This review documents the current state of science and highlights the need for future research to guide clinicians making recommendations on infant feeding.
L’octroi de la force exécutoire aux sentences arbitrales rendues sous l’égide de la CCJA
Authors: Franck Bationo Didier 
Published: May 2023

Résumé :
En arbitrage CCJA, l’octroi de la force exécutoire aux sentences arbitrales est subordonné à l’obtention d’une ordonnance d’exequatur du président de la CCJA. Cependant, à y voir de près, un octroi de plano serait davantage le bienvenu. Considérés en soi, les enjeux liés à l’octroi dans l’espace OHADA de la force exécutoire aux sentences arbitrales CCJA n’imposent pas en effet l’exigence d’un exequatur préalable. Toutefois, la possibilité d’un contrôle devrait demeurer disponible. Ainsi, un recours en opposition à l’exécution au profit de la partie condamnée pourrait être consacré à cet effet.
L’ouverture du droit d’agir au système des règlements alternatifs des différends en droit OHADA et Camerounais : un procédé séduisant mais d’une efficacité incertaine
Authors: Njock Luc Kevin Leny 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The processes by which a model of social regulation channels its way of resolving conflicts make the strength of its conflict resolution system. Court justice has lost its exemplary function. The crisis of effectiveness and the crisis of legitimacy that the processual mode of dispute resolution is undergoing in our States, make it a justice system that is considered to have broken down. The need for justice thus directly raises the question of social regulation, the relevant model of social regulation. The call for a ‘right to sue’ open to the system of alternative dispute resolution rather than restrictively to the judiciary to resolve disagreements is the spearhead of the combinatorial approach to the administration of conflicts, the ferment of a plural approach to access to justice. Has Cameroonian law begun to renew its vision of the right to take legal action? Does it renew the dominant classical approach to the system of social regulation? The study notes the global and integral recognition of the alternative dispute resolution system, another, less contentious, way of dealing with disputes, the emergence within the traditional dispute resolution system of a right to amicable dispute resolution, but in an embryonic state. It then poses, in a prospective approach, the need for a unitary and global approach to private justice as challenges to be met to ensure the quality of this form of justice.
Mutual information networks reveal evolutionary relationships within the influenza A virus polymerase
Authors: Arcos Sarah , Han Alvin X , te Velthuis Aartjan J W , Russell Colin A , Lauring Adam S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) RNA polymerase is an essential driver of IAV evolution. Mutations that the polymerase introduces into viral genome segments during replication are the ultimate source of genetic variation, including within the three subunits of the IAV polymerase (polymerase basic protein 2, polymerase basic protein 1, and polymerase acidic protein). Evolutionary analysis of the IAV polymerase is complicated, because changes in mutation rate, replication speed, and drug resistance involve epistatic interactions among its subunits. In order to study the evolution of the human seasonal H3N2 polymerase since the 1968 pandemic, we identified pairwise evolutionary relationships among ∼7000 H3N2 polymerase sequences using mutual information (MI), which measures the information gained about the identity of one residue when a second residue is known. To account for uneven sampling of viral sequences over time, we developed a weighted MI (wMI) metric and demonstrate that wMI outperforms raw MI through simulations using a well-sampled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dataset. We then constructed wMI networks of the H3N2 polymerase to extend the inherently pairwise wMI statistic to encompass relationships among larger groups of residues. We included hemagglutinin (HA) in the wMI network to distinguish between functional wMI relationships within the polymerase and those potentially due to hitch-hiking on antigenic changes in HA. The wMI networks reveal coevolutionary relationships among residues with roles in replication and encapsidation. Inclusion of HA highlighted polymerase-only subgraphs containing residues with roles in the enzymatic functions of the polymerase and host adaptability. This work provides insight into the factors that drive and constrain the rapid evolution of influenza viruses.
Reducing Complications in Pilon Fracture Surgery: Surgical Time Matters
Authors: Shafiq Babar , Zhang Bo , Zhu Diana , Gupta Deven K. , Cubberly Mark , Stepanyan Hayk , Rezzadeh Kevin , Lim Philip K. , Hacquebord Jacques , Gupta Ranjan 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To correlate patient-specific and surgeon-specific factors with outcomes after operative management of distal intra-articular tibia fractures.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
3 Level 1 tertiary academic trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
The study included a consecutive series of 175 patients with OTA/AO 43-C pilon fractures.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Primary outcomes included superficial and deep infection. Secondary outcomes included nonunion, loss of articular reduction, and implant removal.

Results:
The following patient-specific factors correlated with poor surgical outcomes: increased age with superficial infection rate (P < 0.05), smoking with rate of nonunion (P < 0.05), and Charlson Comorbidity Index with loss of articular reduction (P < 0.05). Each additional 10 minutes of operative time over 120 minutes was associated with increased odds of requiring I&D and any treatment for infection. The same linear effect was seen with the addition of each fibular plate. The number of approaches, type of approach, use of bone graft, and staging were not associated with infection outcomes. Each additional 10 minutes of operative time over 120 minutes was associated with an increased rate of implant removal, as did fibular plating.

Conclusions:
While many of the patient-specific factors that negatively affect surgical outcomes for pilon fractures may not be modifiable, surgeon-specific factors need to be carefully examined because these may be addressed. Pilon fracture fixation has evolved to increasingly use fragment-specific approaches applied with a staged approach. Although the number and type of approaches did not affect outcomes, longer operative time was associated with increased odds of infection, while additional fibular plate fixation was associated with higher odds of both infection and implant removal. Potential benefits of additional fixation should be weighed against operative time and associated risk of complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Refining the retinal phenotype of patients with suspected pentosan polysulfate sodium retinopathy
Authors: Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Arias Juan D. , Walker Evan , Baxter Sally L. , Freeman William R. , Borooah Shyamanga 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To refine the retinal phenotypes of suspected pentosan polysulfate sodium toxicity using ultra-widefield imaging.

Methods:
Patients with complete dosing profiles who visited the ophthalmology department and with ultra-widefield and optical coherence tomography imaging records were identified using electronic health records at a large academic center. Retinal toxicity was initially identified using previously published imaging criteria, while grading was categorized using both previously reported and new classification systems.

Results:
One hundred and four patients were included in the study. Twenty-six (25%) were identified as having toxicity from PPS. The mean duration of exposure and cumulative dose between the retinopathy group (162.7 months, 1803.2 grams) were longer and higher compared to the non-retinopathy group (69.7 months, 972.6 grams) (both p<0.001). There was variability of extra-macular phenotype in the retinopathy group, with four eyes having only peripapillary involvement and six eyes having far peripheral extension.

Conclusion:
Retinal toxicity in the setting of prolonged exposure and increased cumulative dosing from PPS therapy produces phenotypic variability. Providers should be aware of the extramacular component of toxicity when screening patients. Understanding the different retinal phenotypes may prevent continued exposure and reduce the risk of vision-threatening foveal involving disease.