bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and factors associated with infusion-related local complications of vancomycin on peripheral venous catheters
Authors: Ammar Helmi , Rolland Simon , Jouffroy Romain , Dubert Marie , Le Beller Christine , Podglajen Isabelle , Lillo-Lelouet Agnès , Lebeaux David , Bensaid Samuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundVancomycin is a reference antibiotic against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Its administration is associated with infusion-related local complications (IRLC). To reduce this risk, it has been proposed to increase vancomycin dilution in the IV bag and to perform continuous infusion using the volumetric pump. The aim of our study was to assess the safety of peripheral infusion of vancomycin with the volumetric pump.ObjectivesTo compare the frequency of IRLC between patients receiving vancomycin and those receiving β-lactam (BL) antibiotics. Our secondary objective was to assess factors associated with the occurrence of IRLC.Patients and methodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in a French tertiary hospital. Between February 2021 and November 2021, we included all patients receiving continuous infusions of vancomycin or BL through a peripherally inserted venous catheter (PIVC). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of IRLC on Day 1 (D1).ResultsWe included 168 patients (56 vancomycin, 112 BL). At D1, 14 patients (25%) presented IRLC in the vancomycin group versus 11 patients (10%) in the BL group (P = 0.01). There was significantly more IRLC in the group receiving vancomycin at an infused concentration above 5 mg/mL than those receiving BL (8/15, 53.3% versus 11/112, 10%, respectively, P &lt; 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between patients receiving infused vancomycin concentration ≤5 mg/mL and patients receiving BL (P = 0.4).ConclusionOur data support safe administration of vancomycin if infused at a concentration under 5 mg/mL, through the volumetric pump on PIVC.
Progress and bioapplication of CRISPR-based one-step, quantitative and multiplexed infectious disease diagnostics
Authors: Shen Yue , Hu Kai , Yuan Mingzhu , Duan Guangcai , Guo Yongjun , Chen Shuaiyin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn Vitro Diagnosis (IVD) technology is able to accurately detect pathogens or biomarkers at an initial stage of disease, which works as an important toolbox for disease diagnosis. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) system, as an emerging IVD method, plays a crucial role in the field of infectious disease detection due to its superior sensitivity and specificity. Recently, an increasing number of scientists have been devoted to improving the performance of CRISPR-based detection and on-site point-of-care testing (POCT) from extraction-free detection, amplification-free, modified Cas/crRNA complexes, quantitative assays, one-pot detection, and multiplexed platform. In this review, we describe the potential roles of these novel approaches and platforms in one-pot methods, quantitative molecular diagnostics as well as multiplexed detection. This review will not only help guide the full use of the CRISPR-Cas tools for quantification, multiplexed detection, POCT and as next-generation diagnostic biosensing platforms but also inspire new ideas, technological advances, and engineering strategies to address real-world challenges like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-visual functions of opsins in Crustacea: a review
Authors: Pérez-Calderón José R , Botello Alejandro , Pérez-León Jorge A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOpsins are transmembrane proteins that have a covalent bond with a chromophore 11-cis-retinal in the intracellular region, opsins transiently bind to a G protein, which in turn is alternatively coupled to GTP or GDP. These characteristics allow opsins to function as photopigments and, after reacting with light, they launch the cascade of intracellular communication processes known as phototransduction. Commonly referred to as the starting point of the visual pathway, phototransduction as initiated by opsins, can also mediate physiological processes as varied as taxis, metabolic synchronization, and seasonal migration. This review analyzes such functions performed by opsins in crustaceans, a group with a huge diversity of species that, owing to their plasticity, have been able to invade habitats that other arthropods or terrestrial vertebrates have been unable to occupy. Our analysis emphasizes the way in which opsins take part in crustacean behavioral display under extreme habitat conditions as in the case of cave fauna), as well as in essential ontogenic events. The many functions of opsins have been scarcely investigated due to bias generated by their participation in visual processes. Attention to the non-visual activity of opsins can break new grounds towards an integrative understanding of animal physiology.
Value chain, regional institutions and firm growth in Europe
Authors: Cainelli Giulio , Ganau Roberto , Giunta Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe analyse whether and to what extent the quality of regional institutions has a differential effect on firms’ growth driven by heterogeneity in firm value chain positioning. We analyse turnover growth during the period 2010–2013 for a sample of manufacturing firms located in four European countries—France, Germany, Italy and Spain. We distinguish final firms serving end markets from suppliers serving other firms. Our instrumental variable estimates point to high-quality regional institutions enhancing the growth performance of only locally embedded suppliers with operations confined to the own regional market—that is, the ‘weakest’ node of the value chain.
Where to draw the line? Expanding the delineation of conservation units to highly mobile taxa
Authors: Turbek Sheela P , Funk W Chris , Ruegg Kristen C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Conservation units (CUs) are an essential tool for maximizing evolutionary potential and prioritizing areas across a species’ range for protection when implementing conservation and management measures. However, current workflows for identifying CUs on the basis of neutral and adaptive genomic variation largely ignore information contained in patterns of isolation by distance (IBD), frequently the primary signal of population structure in highly mobile taxa, such as birds, bats, and marine organisms with pelagic larval stages. While individuals located on either end of a species’ distribution may exhibit clear genetic, phenotypic, and ecological differences, IBD produces subtle changes in allele frequencies across space, making it difficult to draw clear boundaries for conservation purposes in the absence of discrete population structure. Here, we highlight potential pitfalls that arise when applying common methods for delineating CUs to continuously distributed organisms and review existing methods for detecting subtle breakpoints in patterns of IBD that can indicate barriers to gene flow in highly mobile taxa. In addition, we propose a new framework for identifying CUs in all organisms, including those characterized by continuous genomic differentiation, and suggest several possible ways to harness the information contained in patterns of IBD to guide conservation and management decisions.
Linear association between radioactive iodine dose and second primary malignancy risk in thyroid cancer
Authors: Kim Kyeong Jin , Kim Kyoung Jin , Choi Jimi , Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Sin Gon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate whether the risk of second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with thyroid cancer (TC) receiving radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy rises in a cumulative, dose-dependent manner compared with those not undergoing RAI.

Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Health Information Database (2002-2019), we investigated hazard ratios of SPM associated with RAI in TC. SPM was defined as a second primary malignancy diagnosed at least 1 year after TC diagnosis.

Results
Of 217 777 patients with TC (177 385 women and 40 392 men; mean [SD] age, 47.2 [11.6] years), 100 448 (46.1%) received RAI therapy. The median (IQR) follow-up duration was 7.7 (5.5-10.3) years, and the median (IQR) cumulative RAI dose was 3.7 (1.9-5.6) GBq. From 2004 to 2019, SPM incidence rates were 7.30 and 6.56 per 1000 person-years in the RAI and non-RAI groups, respectively, with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 1.09 (95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.13); this rate remained at 1.08 (95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 1.13) after adjustment for multiple clinical confounding factors. Notably, SPM risk increased significantly, from 3.7 GBq with full adjustments, and a strong linear association between cumulative RAI dose and SPM was observed in the restricted cubic spline analysis. Regarding cancer subtypes, myeloid leukemia and salivary gland, trachea, lung and bronchus, uterus, and prostate cancers were the most significantly elevated risks in patients who underwent RAI therapy.

Conclusions
This study identified that SPM risk increased linearly in a dose-dependent manner in patients with TC undergoing RAI therapy compared with those not undergoing RAI therapy.
How to pass the Part II examination
Authors: Zerafa Mario , Hill Sue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EDAIC) Part II examination, including how to understand the oral examination, the Structured Oral Examinations (on Basic Sciences and then Clinical Anaesthesia and Intensive Care). It describes how to prepare for Part II, how to behave during the exam, common pitfalls that may cause failure and how to avoid these, and how to practise answering oral questions. The Part II examination consists of four Structured Oral Examinations (SOE), two in the morning and two in the afternoon. The morning SOEs concentrate on the Basic Sciences and the afternoon ones concentrate on Clinical Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Each SOE lasts 25 minutes and consists of five questions and there will be two examiners present, each of whom will score your performance independently on all the questions asked, not just those they ask.
Anatomy
Authors: Dziadzko Mikhail 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides ten practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about anatomy along with answers, explanations, and references for further reading to increase your in-depth understanding. Anatomy of the cardiovascular, cardiac, and nervous system are of prime importance to anaesthetists, so these topics are commonly covered in the written examination. However, the anatomy of other areas of the body may also be the focus of a question if, for example, vascular access is required, or ultrasound is useful. As far as possible, these questions appear as they would on a Part I paper. However, there are some publisher-defined style differences that should not affect your understanding of the questions presented here. The main differences include certain spelling conventions, when and where abbreviations are explained and then used in a question, and the presence of Oxford commas, which are present throughout this book but used only for clarification on an examination paper.
Physics
Authors: Varvinskiy Andrey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides 25 multiple-choice questions about physics, equipment, and clinical measurement along with answers, explanations, and references for further reading to increase your in-depth understanding. It is important that anaesthetists have a good understanding of the physical principles that underlie our anaesthetic practice and the equipment that we use to keep the patient safe. Fluid dynamics, the principles of electrical circuitry, electrical safety, and monitoring temperature and humidity are of prime importance alongside an understanding of the anaesthetic machine and vapourizers. As far as possible, these questions appear as they would on an actual EDAIC Part I paper. However, there are some publisher-defined style differences that should not affect your understanding of the questions presented here. The main differences have been pointed out in a previous chapter but beware differences in spelling conventions and the use of abbreviations.
Special anaesthesia
Authors: Firago Vladislav , Sahin Altan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides 30 practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about special anaesthesia together with answers and references to improve your knowledge and in-depth understanding. The topics included in special anaesthesia are obstetrics, paediatrics, neurosurgical, cardiopulmonary, and chronic pain management. As far as possible, the questions here are presented in exactly the way they will appear in an actual Part I examination paper. Similar MCQs to the ones in this chapter will be part of Paper B, Clinical Anaesthesia. There are some minor differences due to publication style, as pointed out in preceding chapters, but these should not impair your understanding of the questions.
Internal medicine
Authors: Brogly Nicolas , Alsina Estibaliz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides 15 practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about internal medicine and the associated model answers, alongside references for more in-depth understanding. Some of the most common conditions that anaesthetists are likely to come across with when assessing the patients before their operations or involved in their peri-operative management are included in this chapter.
Applied anatomy
Authors: Hamilton Duncan Lee 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides five examples of structured oral examination questions (SOEs) on applied anatomy along with model answers, and references for further reading to increase your in-depth knowledge and understanding. There is just one applied anatomy question in the Part II oral examination, in SOE 1. The topics covered relate to anatomical areas of direct relevance to anaesthetic practice, so airway and respiratory anatomy, anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous system and cardiac anatomy are of particular importance. The applied anatomy question is never used as the first question in SOE 1, so there is no opportunity to prepare your answer in advance. The examiner will have a list of questions relating to the anatomical area being discussed and the examples here show one possible pathway through those questions. It is important to have a logical approach to any potential anatomical question. You should practise drawing diagrams as these make it easier for each examiner to assess your knowledge of the relevant anatomy and your understanding of how it relates to anaesthetic practice.
Critical incidents
Authors: Cortis Petramay Attard , Zerafa Mario 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides five examples of structured oral examination questions (SOEs) on critical incidents along with model answers and references to help you increase your knowledge and depth of understanding. Critical incident management is considered an essential skill of an anaesthesiologist in any area of their practice. During the EDAIC Part II examination each candidate will invariably be assessed on this topic. The successful candidates have to convince the examiners that they can be relied upon to promptly take control of the situation, try preventing it from worsening while establishing the root cause/s and establish and implement a rescue plan to ensure the patient’s safety. This will not only involve theoretical knowledge recall, but a practical account of what exactly they would do. Where the sceanario is covered by a known Guideline or Algorithm (e.g. ERC Guidelines, ALS) these should be quoted appropriately.
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Barnard Anna , Kay Simon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mechanical impingement, either at rest or during activity, in the region of the thoracic outlet (bounded by the first rib caudally and the clavicle and scalene muscles anteriorly and posteriorly) may affect the great veins of the arm, its arteries, or most commonly, its nerves. Each produces a distinct pattern or symptoms and poses a different risk to the patient. Sometimes these conditions are mixed. Their treatment is largely surgical and a matter of complex clinical decision-making.
First and second branchial arch anomalies
Authors: Bates Claire , Hodge Trevor , Carter Lachlan M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Anomalies of the structures developing from the first and second branchial arches form the otofacial group of craniofacial anomalies. The most important otofacial anomalies are hemifacial microsomia and Treacher Collins syndrome and involve facial skeleton and auricular hypoplasia. The management of these conditions is complex, requiring augmentation of the skeleton including the mandible as well as reconstruction of the microtia deformity. Other otofacial and holoprosencephalic anomalies are also discussed in this chapter.
Gynaecomastia
Authors: Dickson John , Mercer Nigel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gynaecomastia refers to the benign proliferation of breast tissue occurring in men. It is a common condition that can cause considerable psychological distress for those affected. Underlying pathology is rare but when present can be identified by a systematic history and examination as well as selected investigations. Treatment options include liposuction and excisional techniques with or without skin resection as required.
Psychological consequences of the birth of a child with a congenital hand anomaly
Authors: Bellew Maggie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The importance of hands cannot be overestimated, yet their complexity and versatility is something we rarely think about until the condition, function, or appearance of the hand is compromised in some way. This chapter explores the impact of the birth of a child with a congenital hand anomaly, and the bereavement reaction of the parents. It then examines the younger child’s reaction; the initial parental influence on this, the later development of self-consciousness and self-awareness, concerns about social acceptability, and managing interest, teasing, and bullying from others. Next, the particular challenges of adolescence are explored and then on into adulthood. The psychological challenges of a hand anomaly are as varied as the surgical and so psychological input can be invaluable for guiding surgical decisions and timing, supporting surgery, maximizing surgical outcomes, and offering alternative solutions. The problems of surgical decision-making and a solution to this using pre- and postoperative psychological input are explored, and the preferred process in the Leeds Children’s Hand Clinic is described, including long-term support.
Traumatic injury to the child’s hand
Authors: McCombe David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The assessment of an injury of the child’s hand can be difficult due to difficulty in obtaining a specific history and lack of cooperation with directed examination. Strategies for dealing with this are presented in this chapter. The management of hand trauma in children again needs to take into account the ability of the child to participate actively in rehabilitation, as well as consideration of the specific challenges of trauma to the growing skeleton and repair of smaller calibre structures. Despite these challenges, outcomes of treatment of hand trauma in children can be rewarding because of the potential to recover more quickly and completely.
Cold-induced injury to the skin and deep tissues
Authors: Hallam Marc-James , Jeevaratnam Johann A. , Imray Christopher H.E. , Cubison Tania 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cold injuries can produce complex skin and soft tissue injuries needing the full spectrum of ‘burn care’. Such injuries are often complicated by associated comorbidities, trauma, and hypothermia. In this chapter, the recognition, assessment, and management of frostbite injuries is described, with particular reference to extremity injury and the appropriate plastic surgery management of these patients.
A nearly constant CN/HCN line ratio in nearby galaxies: CN as a new tracer of dense gas
Authors: Wilson Christine D , Bemis Ashley , Ledger Blake , Klimi Osvald 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the relationship between CN N = 1 − 0 and HCN J = 1 − 0 emission on scales from 30 to 400 pc using ALMA archival data, for which CN is often observed simultaneously with the CO J = 1 − 0 line. In a sample of nine nearby galaxies ranging from ultra-luminous infrared galaxies to normal spiral galaxies, we measure a remarkably constant CN/HCN line intensity ratio of 0.86 ± 0.07 (standard deviation of 0.20). This relatively constant CN/HCN line ratio is rather unexpected, as models of photon dominated regions have suggested that HCN emission traces shielded regions with high column densities while CN should trace dense gas exposed to high ultraviolet radiation fields. We find that the CN/HCN line ratio shows no significant correlation with molecular gas surface density but shows a mild trend (increase of ∼1.3 per dex) with both star formation rate surface density and star formation efficiency (the inverse of the molecular gas depletion time). Some starburst and active galactic nuclei show small enhancements in their CN/HCN ratio, while other nuclei show no significant difference from their surrounding discs. The nearly constant CN/HCN line ratio implies that CN, like HCN, can be used as a tracer of dense gas mass and dense gas fraction in nearby galaxies.
Planetary nebulae hosting accreting white dwarfs: a possible solution for the mysterious cut-off of planetary nebula luminosity function?
Authors: Souropanis D , Chiotellis A , Boumis P , Jones D , Akras S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMany binary companions to the central stars of planetary nebulae (PNe) are found to be inflated, perhaps indicating that accretion onto the central star might occur during the planetary nebula (PN) phase. The discovery of a handful of nova eruptions and supersoft X-ray sources inside PNe supports this hypothesis. In this paper, we investigate the impact that hosting a steadily accreting white dwarf (WD) would have on the properties and evolution of a PN. By pairing the published accreting nuclear-burning WD models with radiation transfer simulations, we extract the time evolution of the emission line spectra and ionization properties of a PN that surrounds a 0.6$\, \rm M_{\odot }$ steadily nuclear-burning WD as a function of the mass accretion rate. We find that accreting WDs are able to form very extended, high excitation, [${\rm O\, \small {\rm III}}$]-bright PNe, which are characterized by high nebular electron temperatures. Their properties remain almost invariant with time and their visibility time can be much longer compared to PNe powered by single WDs. We discuss the implications of our findings in explaining specific characteristics observed in PNe. Finally, we examine how accreting WDs affect the planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) by covering WD masses in the range of 0.5–0.8$\, \rm M_{\odot }$ and for various accretion rates within the steady accretion regime. We find that for all but the lowest accretion rates, the [${\rm O\, \small {\rm III}}$] luminosities are almost constant and clustered very close to the PNLF cut-off value. Our results suggest that mass-accreting WDs in interacting binaries might play a role in understanding the invariant cut-off of the PNLF.