bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation mechanism of ruthenium etching by Cl-based radicals in O2/Cl2 plasma
Authors: Imai Masaya , Matsui Miyako , Sugano Ryoko , Shiota Takashi , Takasaki Ko-ichi , Miura Makoto , Ishii Yohei , Kuwahara Kenichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Ru etching mechanism was investigated using O2/Cl2 plasma with O, ClO, and Cl radicals. The etch rate drastically increased with a 10%–20% addition of Cl2 to O2 and was lower when using pure O2 or Cl2-rich gas in an ECR etcher. Experimental results indicate that chemical reactions involving Cl-based radicals contributed to the etching reactions. The chemical role of the Cl-based radicals was investigated by density functional theory simulations. The hypothesis tested was that O, ClO, and Cl adsorb on the RuO2 surface when it is irradiated with O-rich plasma. The reactivities of the topmost Ru atoms, where O, ClO, and Cl adsorbed, were compared in terms of the d-band structures. The ClO and Cl were found to enhance the reactivity of the Ru atoms more than O. These findings suggest that Cl-based radicals activate surface Ru atoms, resulting in the formation of volatile RuO4 or RuCl
x
O
y
.
OPTIMAL FEED FRACTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF TURKEY FOR DOMESTIC CATS (FELIS CATUS)
Authors: Савельева Екатерина Сергеевна 
Published: April 2023

В изучено влияние размера куска пищи на усвояемость у домашних кошек (Felis Catus). Выявлена корреляция между размером пищи, временем поедания и переваримостью. Показано, что при потреблении кусков размером 3 х 3 х 3 см переваримость увеличивается до 23%. Выявлено оптимальное время потребления для одного куска получаемой пищи.
The influence of the size of a piece of food on digestibility in domestic cats (Felis Catus) has been studied. The correlation between food size, eating time and digestibility was revealed. It is shown that when consuming pieces of 3 x 3 x 3 cm in size, the digestibility increases to 23%. The optimal consumption time for one piece of the received food is revealed.
Shock Corrugation to the Rescue of the Internal Shock Model in Microquasars: The Single-scale Magnetohydrodynamic View
Authors: Pjanka Patryk , Demidem Camilia , Veledina Alexandra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Questions regarding the energy dissipation in astrophysical jets remain open to date, despite numerous attempts to limit the diversity of the models. Some of the most popular models assume that energy is transferred to particles via internal shocks, which develop as a consequence of the nonuniform velocity of the jet matter. In this context, we study the structure and energy deposition of colliding plasma shells, focusing our attention on the case of initially inhomogeneous shells. This leads to the formation of distorted (corrugated) shock fronts—a setup that has recently been shown to revive particle acceleration in relativistic magnetized perpendicular shocks. Our study shows that the radiative power of the far downstream of nonrelativistic magnetized perpendicular shocks is moderately enhanced with respect to the flat-shock cases. Based on the decay rate of the downstream magnetic field, we make predictions for multiwavelength polarization properties.
Lopsided Satellite Distributions around Isolated Host Galaxies in a ΛCDM Universe
Authors: Samuels Adam , Brainerd Tereasa G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A recent observational study found that the projected spatial distributions of the satellites of bright, isolated host galaxies tend to be lopsided with respect to the locations of the hosts. Here, we examine the spatial distributions of the satellites of a large number of bright, isolated host galaxies that were obtained from mock redshift surveys of a Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulation. Host galaxies and their satellites were identified using selection criteria that are identical to those used in the observational study, allowing for a direct comparison of the results for the simulated and observed systems. To characterize the spatial distribution of the satellites, we adopt two statistics: (1) the pairwise clustering of the satellites and (2) the mean resultant length. In agreement with the observational study, we find a strong tendency for satellites in the simulation to be located on the same side of their host, and the signal is most pronounced for the satellites of blue hosts. These lopsided satellite distributions are not solely attributable to incompleteness of the observed satellite catalog or the presence of objects that have been falsely identified as satellites. In addition, satellites that joined their hosts’ halos in the distant past (≳8 Gyr) show a pronounced lopsidedness in their spatial distributions and, therefore, the lopsidedness is not solely attributable to the late-time accretion of satellites.
What Does the Milky Way Look Like?
Authors: Xu Y. , Hao C. J. , Liu D. J. , Lin Z. H. , Bian S. B. , Hou L. G. , Li J. J. , Li Y. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In spite of much work, the overall spiral structure morphology of the Milky Way remains somewhat uncertain. In the last two decades, accurate distance measurements have provided us with an opportunity to solve this issue. Using the precise locations of very young objects, for the first time, we propose that our galaxy has a multiple-arm morphology that consists of two-arm symmetry (the Perseus and Norma Arms) in the inner parts and that extends to the outer parts, where there are several long, irregular arms (the Centaurus, Sagittarius, Carina, Outer, and Local Arms).
Immediate Effects of OM Chanting on Heart Rate Variability Measures Compared Between Experienced and Inexperienced Yoga Practitioners
Authors: Inbaraj Ganagarajan , Rao Raghvendra M , Ram Amritanshu , Bayari Sapna K. , Belur Spoorthi , Prathyusha PV , Sathyaprabha T. N. , Udupa Kaviraja 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Chanting “OM” is a form of meditation that has numerous health benefits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its effect are surprisingly scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of OM chanting on autonomic modulation, using heart rate variability (HRV), on experienced yoga practitioners and yoga naïve persons.

Methods:
This prospective study included 19 yoga practitioners (9 females and 10 males; group mean age ± standard deviation [SD]; 25.9 ± 3.2 years) and 17 yoga naïve persons (8 females and 9 males; group mean age ± SD; 24.8 ± 3.6 years) of both sexes and similar age range. Both the groups were assessed for HRV indices (time and frequency domain measures) before and after loud OM chanting for 5 min.

Results:
Baseline comparison using Mann–Whitney U test between groups showed yoga practitioners had significantly increased high frequency (HF) power (P < 0.029) than nonyoga practitioners, signifying a state of tranquility before the chanting of OM. After 5 min of loud chanting of OM, a comparison between groups assessed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test revealed: HF Power, a component of the parasympathetic nervous system, was further amplified with a significantly increase (P < 0.001) in the yoga practitioners group compared to nonyoga practitioners. Furthermore, this increase in HF power was positively correlated with the years of experience in yoga.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that a brief chanting of OM (5 min) might enhance parasympathetic nervous system activity, promote relaxation, and provide calmness. Further, this experience may be achieved effectively in individuals experienced in yoga than nonyoga practitioners.
Cerebrovascular Dynamics Associated with Yoga Breathing and Breath Awareness
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Kala Niranjan , Telles Shirley 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
Breath frequency can alter cerebral blood flow. The study aimed to determine bilateral middle cerebral arterial hemodynamics in high-frequency yoga breathing (HFYB) and slow frequency alternate nostril yoga breathing (ANYB) using transcranial Doppler sonography.

Methods:
Healthy male volunteers were assessed in two separate trials before, during, and after HFYB (2.0 Hz for 1 min, n = 16) and ANYB (12 breaths per minute for 5 min, n = 22). HFYB and ANYB were separately compared to breath awareness (BAW) and to control sessions.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjusted post hoc tests.

Results:
During HFYB there was a decrease in end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) (P < 0.01 for left and P < 0.05 for right middle cerebral arteries; MCA) with an increase in pulsatility index (PI) for the right MCA (P < 0.05). During ANYB, there was a bilateral decrease in peak systolic velocity (P < 0.05 for left and P < 0.01 for right MCA), EDV (P < 0.01) and MFV (P < 0.01 for left and P < 0.001 for right MCA) and an increase in PI (P < 0.01). During BAW of the two sessions there was a decrease in lateralized flow and end-diastolic velocities (P < 0.05) and an increase in PI (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Changes in peak flow velocities and pulsatility indices during and after HFYB, ANYB, and BAW suggest decreased cerebrovascular blood flow and increased flow resistance based on different mechanisms.
Effect of Yoga Lifestyle in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Jain Ashish Kumar , Subhash C. Manchanda , Bhola S. Vivek , Kushal Madan , Ashwini Mehta , Jitendrapal S. Sawhney 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In spite of significant advances in the management of heart failure (HF), morbidity and mortality remain high. Therefore, there is a need for additional strategies. We did a randomized clinical trial to study effect of yoga in patients with HF in terms of quality of life (QOL), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and NTproBNP.

Materials and Methods:
60 patients with stable HF New York Heart Association Class II with LVEF 30%–40% were randomized into control group (CG) and yoga group (YG). CG received the guideline-based therapy and YG in addition practiced the yoga, one hour daily for 3 months. All patients were assessed for QOL, CRP, NTProBNP, and LVEF at baseline and after 3 months.

Results:
A significant difference was observed in all four parameters in the YG as compared to the CG (P < 0.01) after 12 weeks. QOL as assessed by Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire score improved significantly in YG as compared to CG (10 V/s 14, P < 0.001). There was a significant improvement within YG in terms of LVEF (33.4–36.8, P = 0.001), and the percentage change in LVEF was significant between the groups (10% V/s 5%, P = 0.001). NTproBNP also significantly reduced by 69.8% from 755 to 220 Pmol/l in YG as compared to 39.3% in CG (679-406 Pmol/l). CRP decreased by 49.3% (5.36-2.73 mg/L) in YG and 35.8% (5.39-3.45 mg/L) in CG.

Conclusion:
The result of this pilot study suggests that addition of yoga to guideline-based therapy for HF patients significantly improves QOL, LVEF, and NTProBNP and reduces CRP level. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Ashtanga Yoga Ethics-Based Yoga Versus General Yoga on Anthropometric Indices, Trigunas, and Quality of Life in Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Mewada Aruna , Keswani Jyoti , Sharma Hemanshu , Tewani Gulab Rai , Nair Pradeep M. K. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:The philosophical tenets of yoga such as Ashtanga yoga (AY) andTrigunasare seldom considered while designing yoga programs for chronic diseases. This randomized control trial explored the impact of AY principle-based yoga on the anthropometric indices, personality traits, and quality of life (QoL) in abdominal obesity (AO).Materials and Methods:Sixty-two participants with AO were randomized (n= 31 in each arm) into an AY arm or general yoga (GY) arm. For 12 weeks, both the AY and the GY received the same yoga protocol; however, the AY received an additional AY-based orientation session fortnightly. Changes in waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, Vedic Personality Inventory forgunas,and World Health Organization QoL-BREF were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks.Results:By the end of 12 weeks, the AY arm significantly differed from the GY arm in HC (P= 0.05) and BMI scores (P= 0.03). The AY arm has shown a significant increase in thesattva guna(P< 0.001) and reduction in therajas(P< 0.001) andtamas gunas(P= 0.03). There was a significant improvement in the physical and social QoL domain, whereas the other variables examined remained insignificant. The increase insattva gunawas negatively correlated with waist circumference (P= −0.489) and BMI (r= −0.553).Conclusion:Exposing participants to progressive AY philosophy can change the personality traits which are further associated with melioration in the determiners of AO. Future yoga programs for chronic disorders may consider including AY philosophy for substantive outcomes.
Positioning of Low Alcohol or Alcohol-Free Minoxidil Formulation for the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Udare Satish , Baruah Anita , Mathur Anurag , Dayananda T. R. , Jain Kapil , Puhan Manas Ranjan , Bajaj Pawan , Sharma Richa , Gamit Sanjay Ramanbhai , Ramesh V. , Venugopal V. , Karthik Vignesh , Neena Gala Monil Yogesh , Muchhala Snehal , Mane Amey 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Topical minoxidil is used for treating different hair disorders. Even though it is an effective therapy, many patients show poor compliance due to the cost, side effects, and duration of treatment. Topical minoxidil is the mainstay treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Recently, low alcohol or alcohol-free topical minoxidil formulation has proven to be an alternative for patients suffering from AGA, including those with poor compliance with other therapies. Thus, the current article provides the positioning of low alcohol or alcohol-free topical minoxidil to manage AGA in Indian clinical practice.
Active Range of Motion of Bilateral Hip Joint in Young Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain Versus Healthy Controls
Authors: Saraf Amit , Parakh Naman Kumar , Mahipal Vakul , Sandhu Angad Singh , Aggarwal Tarun , Gupta Poonji 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Loss of quality of life, increased medical costs, and time away from work are all linked to chronic low back pain (CLBP). CLBP is recognized as a complex problem due to its biopsychosocial character. To remedy the issue of this incapacitating condition, it is critical to pinpoint potential contributing elements. The intersegmental parts of the kinematic chain connecting the lumbopelvic and knee joints are the hip joints. This complex runs in unison during both practical and leisurely physical activity.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-center, observational study conducted in young adult patients with nonspecific CLBP and healthy controls who were compared for their active range of motion in bilateral hip joints.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the mean ages and gender distribution in both groups. The flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, and abduction range of motions at bilateral hips were significantly reduced in the case group as compared with the healthy control group.

Conclusion:
The lumbopelvic compensation in the patients with CLBP affects the range of motion at the hip joint due to kinematic of the lower body musculature. The restriction in movement increases with the activities involving excessive hip joint motions.
Comparative Prospective Study between Medial and Lateral Distal Tibial Locking Compression Plates for Distal Third Tibial Fractures
Authors: Juneja Johney , Pradhan Mahesh , Prakash Mahendra , Saini Naresh , Talesra Anurag , Sen Ramesh 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
The surgical method of repairing distal tibial fractures remains controversial. Open reduction and plating constitute a popular method that can result in good fixation and retention of the achieved position. The usual approach for open plating is anterior. Although it offers good exposure to the tibia, the medial plating is at high risk of wound problems and nonunions. Also, if fixation of the fibula is required, an additional incision must be made on the lateral side of the shin. Lateral plating using a single lateral approach for treating distal tibial and fibular fractures has been reported to have good results; however, most of these studies were small series.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective clinical study involved 40 patients with distal tibial fractures admitted in Department of Orthopaedics, RNT Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, from December 2021 to November 2022. Of these, 20 patients were allotted in each group, that is, Group A and Group B. Group A is designated for patients those are operated with distal tibia medial locking compression plate (LCP). Group B is designated for patients those are operated with distal tibia anterolateral LCP.

Results:
All patients achieved union at the end of study. The mean time for fracture union was 24.6 weeks with medial plating group and 24.2 weeks with anterolateral plating group. In medial plating group, callus appeared at an average of 13 weeks and in anterolateral plating group, callus appeared at 12 weeks. Out of 20 patients in medial plating group, 11 patients had excellent Olerud and Molander ankle (OMAS) score and nine had good OMAS score at final follow-up. Out of 20 patients in anterolateral plating group, 13 patients had excellent OMAS score and seven patients had good OMAS score. The average OMAS score for Group A was 88.5 and for Group B, it was 90.

Conclusion:
Lateral plating of distal tibia is safe and feasible, which can provide biological fixation and prevent the soft tissue complications associated with medial plating.
A Functional and Radiological Outcome of Uncemented Total hip Arthroplasty in Young Adults
Authors: Juneja Johney , Jatav Dharmendra , Jain Mahendra Prakash , Saini Naresh , Talesra Anurag , Sharma Anamendra , Sen Ramesh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
End-stage arthritis in young patients requires surgical intervention. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains the treatment of choice for restoring function and activity in end-stage hip arthritis. The medium-term outcome of uncemented THA in the Indian population is less studied. Hence, this study was taken up with aim to study clinical and radiological outcomes of uncemented THA in patients with age less than 40 years.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a prospective study done on 50 patients admitted to RNT Medical College and M.B. Hospital Udaipur during December 2021 to September 2022 chosen based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were informed about the study in all respects, and written informed consents were obtained. The follow-up period was at 12th day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months for functional outcome assessment and radiological evaluation. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Inclusion criteria: (1) adult age group 20–50 years; (2) patients with secondary arthritis of hip (posttraumatic, avascular necrosis of femoral head, or ankylosing spondylitis). Exclusion criteria: (1) active infection of the hip joint or any other active infection in body; (2) patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, unstable cardiac disease, and with other grave medical concerns or severe comorbidity; (3) neuropathic joint; (4) not willing to participate; (5) with vascular insufficiency.

Results:
Bony ingrowth with no evidence of loosening was seen consistently both on femoral and acetabular side in all patients on X-ray. No statistically significant association was found between initial alignment of the femoral component and clinical outcome.

Conclusions:
Uncemented THA can be used in young patients with excellent to good functional and radiological outcome at mid-term follow-up, high satisfaction rate, and lower rate of complications.
Four-Dimensional XStrain Echocardiography: Correlation of Aortic Stiffness with Left Ventricular Diastolic, Systolic, and Strain Parameters in Healthy Adults – A Single-center Indian Perspective
Authors: Mehrotra Akhil , Sharma Ajay , Shadab Mohammad , Prakash Om , Kacker Shubham 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Interrelationship of arterial stiffness with diastolic impairments of left ventricle (LV) in healthy population has been reported in several studies; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study till date has evaluated the relationship of aortic stiffness, with LV diastolic, systolic, and strain components, in healthy adults, by conventional, tissue Doppler imaging, and speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-eight healthy participants were recruited (38 males and 20 females), and their mean age was 30.53 ± 12.22 years and 35.25 ± 10.61 years, respectively. A detailed assessment of aortic stiffness and elasticity, LV systolic, diastolic, and strain parameters was performed by the ingenious technology of four-dimensional XStrain echocardiography. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to investigate the association of aortic stiffness with LV diastolic, systolic, and strain functions.

Results:
A significant relationship was documented between aortic stiffness and a number of parameters of LV diastolic and systolic functions. On the contrary, there was an insignificant trend of positive or negative correlation of aortic stiffness with LV strain.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to document the correlation between aortic stiffness and various LV functions in healthy adults.
Caregiving in a Tertiary Health Institution in North Central Nigeria: Support Types and Financial Burden
Authors: Akande Oluwatosin Wuraola , Fasiku Mojirola Martina , Bolarinwa Oladimeji Akeem , Akande Tanimola Makanjuola 
Published: April 2023

Background:Caregivers play an important role in informal patient management. Identification of the support types and the financial challenges faced by caregivers will provide information on strategies to ease this burden. This study aimed to describe the support types and financial burden amongst caregivers in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst caregivers of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences package version 23. Results were reported in frequencies and proportions and presented in prose, tables and charts.Results:A total of 400 caregivers were recruited. The mean age was 38.32 ± 12.82 years and most (66.0%) were females. Caregivers supported their patients by running errands (96.3%) and 85.3% reported caregiving as stressful. The reported errands were purchase of medications (92.3%), supply of non-medical needs (63.3%), submission of laboratory samples and collection of results (52.3%) and service payment (47.5%). About two-thirds (63.2%) reported loss of income while caregiving and about half (50.8%) provided financial support to the patients.Conclusion:This study suggests that majority of caregivers experience significant physical and financial burden while caregiving. This burden can be eased off by the simplification of payment and laboratory processes and employment of more staff to support patients admitted to the wards. The financial burden experienced by caregivers reinforces the need to encourage more Nigerians to enrol in a health insurance scheme.