bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FBS-YOLO: an improved lightweight bearing defect detection algorithm based on YOLOv8
Authors: Li Junjie , Cheng Mingxia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aiming at the existing bearing defect detection algorithms with low accuracy, large number of parameters and computation, this paper proposes an efficient and lightweight bearing surface defect detection algorithm FBS-YOLO based on YOLOv8. Firstly, FasterNet replaces the original feature extraction network of YOLOv8, and uses Partial Convolution (PConv) to reduce redundant computation and memory access. Secondly, the fusion of weighted Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) in Neck network, which removes less efficient feature transmission nodes in the process of multi-scale feature fusion to achieve a higher level of fusion, improves the fusion efficiency of features at different scales. Finally, the advantages of Switchable Atrous Convolution (SAConv) are introduced to innovate the CSP Bottleneck with the two convolutions (C2f) module in the original model Neck network, and SAConv is combined with C2f (C2f_SAConv) to from a more flexible module adapted to the features of different scales is proposed to enhance the feature extraction and processing capability of the model. The experimental results show that the algorithm FBS-YOLO proposed in this paper achieves a mAP of 91.4% in the bearing defect detection task, which is 2.8% higher than that of the original YOLO8 model, and the number of parameters and computation volume are reduced by 39.8% and 41.9%, respectively, and the model inference speed can be up to 161 fps. The algorithm meets the light-weight requirements of industrial detection deployment while maintaining high accuracy, effectively achieving a balance between model lightweight and performance, and providing new ideas for end-to-end industrial deployment.
Lightweight noise robust spoofing attack detection using Cochleagram and ResNet amalgamated features
Authors: Chakravarty Nidhi , Dua Mohit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) technology is increasingly being used in end-user applications to secure access to personal data, smart services, and physical infrastructure. Speaker verification, like other biometric technologies, is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. An attacker impersonates a specific target speaker using impersonation, replay, Text-to-Speech (TTS), or Voice conversion (VC) techniques to gain unauthorized access to the system. The work in this paper, proposes a solution that uses an amalgamation of Cochleagram and Residual Network (ResNet) to implement the front-end feature extraction phase of an Audio Spoof Detection (ASD) system. Cochleagram generation, feature extraction-dimensionality reduction and classification are the three main phases of the proposed ASD system. In the first phase, the recorded audios have been converted into Cochleagrams by using Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth (ERB) based gammatone filters. In the next phase, three variants of Residual Networks (ResNet), ResNet50, ResNet41 and ResNet27, one by one, have been used for extracting dynamic features. These models yield 2048, 1024 and 256 features, respectively, for a single audio. The feature extracted from ResNet50 and ResNet41 are input to LDA technique for dimensionality reduction. At last, in the classification phase, the LDA reduced features have been used for training four different machine learning classifiers Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), individually. The proposed work in this paper concentrates on synthetic, replay, and deepfake attacks. The state-of-the-art ASVspoof 2019 Logical Access (LA), Physical Access (PA), Voice Spoofing Detection Corpus (VSDC) and DEepfake CROss-lingual (DECRO) datasets are utilised for training and testing the proposed ASD system. Additionally, we have assessed the performance of our proposed system under the influence of additive noise. Airplane noise at different SNR rate (0, dB 5 dB, 10 dB and −5 dB) has been added to training and testing audios for the same. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that combination of Cochleagram and ResNet50 with XGBoost classifier outperforms all other implemented systems for detecting fake audios under noisy environment. We also tested the proposed models in an unseen scenario, where they demonstrated reasonable performance.
Dunkl-Schrödinger equation in higher dimensions
Authors: Hamil B , Lütfüoğlu B C , Merad M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents analytical solutions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Schrödinger equation in higher dimensions, incorporating the Dunkl operator. Two fundamental quantum mechanical problems are examined in their exact forms: the d-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the Coulomb potential. In order to obtain analytical solutions to these problems, both Cartesian and polar coordinate systems were employed. Firstly, the Dunkl-Schrödinger equation is derived in d-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, and then for the isotropic harmonic potential interaction, its solutions are given. Subsequently, using polar coordinates the angular and radial parts of the Dunkl-Schrödinger equation are obtained. It is demonstrated that the system permits the separation of variables in both coordinate systems, with the resulting separated solutions expressed through Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. Then, the radial Dunkl-Schrödinger equation is solved using the isotropic harmonic, pseudoharmonic, and Coulomb potentials. The eigenstates and eigenvalues are obtained for each case and the behavior of the energy eigenvalue functions are illustrated graphically with the reduced probability densities.
Mechanical and microstructural behavior of ZE41 magnesium alloy reinforced with inconel for high-performance applications
Authors: R Radhakrishnan , M S Starvin , R Pandiyarajan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnesium alloys are known for their lightweight and desirable properties, as they hold significant potential for innovative engineering applications. The present study investigated the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of a magnesium alloy (ZE41) reinforced with Inconel ceramic particulates. The Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (MMMC) were fabricated using the stir casting method, with varying weight percentages (wt%) of Inconel (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 wt%). The microstructural examinations of the MMMC specimens were performed using SEM, SEM+EDS analyses, and Optical Microscopy (OM), which revealed a strong interfacial bond well-defined between the Magnesium matrix and the Inconel particulates. This uniform distribution of reinforcement particulates significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite materials. The tensile tests showed that the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) improved progressively with up to 8% Inconel reinforcement, achieving a maximum UTS of 202.56 MPa, a 24.47% improvement compared to the base Magnesium alloy. However, the UTS decreased beyond 8% Inconel due to increased brittleness. Hardness tests indicated that the highest hardness value of 76.1 HV was achieved for the composite containing 12 wt% Inconel, marking an 18.85% increase over the base alloy. Additionally, the wear rate decreased with increasing Inconel reinforcement, demonstrating improved wear resistance. Specifically, the wear rate dropped from 2.58 × 10−7 g mm−1 at 0% Inconel to 0.84 × 10−7 g mm−1 at 12% Inconel, showing a 67.44% reduction in wear rate compared to the pure AA6082 matrix. The findings from the present work, indicate the potential of Inconel-reinforced ZE41 composites towards achieving optimized strength and hardness levels for applications requiring high-performance materials. The present research is a contribution to the body of knowledge on the development of magnesium composites and highlights the importance of reinforcement compositions for enhancing their mechanical and microstructural characteristics.
High harmonic generation in organic molecules: a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Forouq , Darvishzadeh Vahid , Batebi Saeed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore the fascinating process of high harmonic generation (HHG) in organic molecules, using time-dependent density functional theory to delve into the behaviors of methane, acetylene, benzene, and octane under varying laser conditions. Benzene, with its lower ionization potential and delocalized π-electrons, exhibited the most efficient harmonic generation, driven by the dominance of long electron trajectories that align well with the attosecond pulses produced. By carefully combining harmonics from the plateau region, we were able to generate an eighty attosecond pulse. Our study offers fresh insights into how organic molecules respond to intense laser fields, highlighting benzene’s potential as a prime candidate for creating ultrafast attosecond pulses. Our findings contribute to the broader understanding of HHG in organic systems, which has implications for attosecond science and ultrafast spectroscopy.
Research on the method for discrimination the corona onset field strength of conductors based on corona cage tests
Authors: Fan Yutong , Wan Baoquan , Xu Jilai , Lu Yao , Teng Zihan , Li Haiqiong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The corona onset field strength is a critical factor for corona discharge in transmission lines, and accurately discriminating it is crucial for studying the corona effect and electromagnetic environment characteristics. In this paper, corona cage tests were conducted to determine the corona onset field strength of conductors. The relationship between radio interference (RI), audible noise (AN), and applied voltage was analyzed, and a method for discriminating the corona onset field strength based on RI voltage and AN sound pressure was proposed. For smooth fine copper wires tested in the laboratory, the regression coefficients R2 between RI voltage, sound pressure, and applied voltage exceeded 0.98. The maximum relative error between the calculated corona onset field strength and the Peek formula was 6.04%, validating the effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that this method is more accurate than traditional methods and can be effectively applied to determine the corona onset field strength of AC conductors.
A low-carbon economic scheduling of power systems considering marginal carbon emission factor
Authors: Su Weiqi , Chen Feixiong , Shao Zhenguo , Huang Tianhao , Wu Hongbin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The energy sector contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions, and speeding up the shift to a low-carbon power system is essential for tackling global warming. This paper introduces a method for low-carbon economic scheduling that considers the marginal carbon emission factor to improve carbon reduction. First, the marginal carbon emission factor encourages users to adjust their energy plans. A demand response model for pre-scheduling and rescheduling within the grid is developed using price-based strategies. Second, a two-stage model is created to optimize low-carbon scheduling and minimize overall system costs. The method’s effectiveness is demonstrated using the IEEE39-node grid.
Design of a time to digital converter for LGAD detector at HIAF complex
Authors: Cao B. , Gao R. , Hou Y. , Zou C. , Niu X. , Han W. , Zhao C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The High-Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is a leading platform for heavy-ion scientific research in China with advanced beam current indicators. In these experiments, Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) have become the detector of choice, and the readout circuit of LGAD requires time-to-digital converters (TDC) to convert the time measurement results into digital signals. Since a smaller pixel area is conducive to improving positional resolution and spatial resolution, a TDC using calibration modules instead of delay-locked loops (DLLs) is proposed to achieve lower power consumption and area. The proposed TDC is a 3-stage architecture, reaching an extensive dynamic range and a high resolution. In addition, calibration modules are used to measure the relationship between two adjacent stages of resolution. Thus, the resolution of the TDC could be confirmed under the influence of process, voltage, temperture (PVT) variation. Compared with the TDCs using DLLs, the proposed TDC reduces the power consumption and area. The resolution of the proposed TDC is about 5.13 ps, and the dynamic range is 25.2 ns. The integral nonlinearity (INL) and the differential nonlinearity (DNL) are both less than 0.3 least significant bit (LSB). Including two TDCs, which measure the time of arrival (TOA) and the time of threshold (TOT), respectively, the layout area is 931 μm × 447 μm
TID damage assessment on LVDS links for the ATLAS muon barrel spectrometer readout system
Authors: Casolaro P. , Izzo V. , Vari R. , D'Angelantonio M. , Vanzanella A. , Principe C. , Aloisio A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work reports on Total Ionizing Dose (TID) assessment on off-the-shelf LVDS links that will be used for the new trigger and readout system of the ATLAS muon barrel spectrometer within the HL-LHC program. We developed an experimental setup that allows to investigate TID effects on the currents drawn by the devices under test and on their signal integrity, including variations in amplitude, rise/fall time, and bit error rate. No significant variations of these quantities has been observed after integrating the ATLAS target dose of 84.6 Gy. In order to investigate high-dose effects, the irradiation has been extended up to 15.4 kGy. No post-annealing effects were observed. These results complement existing literature, proving the robustness of off-the-shelf LVDS links for the ATLAS environment.
Neuromorphic compliant control facilitates human-prosthetic performance for hand grasp functions
Authors: Xie Anran , Zhang Zhuozhi , Zhang Jie , Chen Weidong , Patton James , Lan Ning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Current bionic hands lack the ability of fine force manipulation for grasping fragile objects due to missing human neuromuscular compliance in control. This incompatibility between prosthetic devices and the sensorimotor system has resulted in a high abandonment rate of hand prostheses. To tackle this challenge, we employed a neuromorphic modeling approach, biorealistic control, to regain human-like grasping ability. The biorealistic control restored muscle force regulation and stiffness adaptation using neuromorphic modeling of the neuromuscular reflex units, which was capable of real-time computing of model outputs. We evaluated the dexterity of the biorealistic control with a set of delicate grasp tasks that simulated varying challenging scenarios of grasping fragile objects in daily activities of life, including the box and block task, the glass box task, and the potato chip task. The performance of the biorealistic control was compared with that of proportional control. Results indicated that the biorealistic control with the compliance of the neuromuscular reflex units significantly outperformed the proportional control with more efficient grip forces, higher success rates, fewer break and drop rates. Post-task survey questionnaires revealed that the biorealistic control reduced subjective burdens of task difficulty and improved subjective confidence in control performance significantly. The outcome of the evaluation confirmed that the biorealistic control could achieve superior abilities in fine, accurate, and efficient grasp control for prosthetic users.
Predicting the reduction in heatstroke and heart disease-related mortality under urban modification scenarios using machine learning
Authors: Ohashi Yukitaka , Nakajima Ko , Takane Yuya , Kikegawa Yukihiro , Ihara Tomohiko , Oka Kazutaka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study proposes a novel approach combining machine learning (ML) techniques with meteorological model simulations to evaluate the heat-related mortality reduction potential of a climate change adaptation measure, namely, the installation of energy-saving or temperature-decreasing modifications in an urban area (e.g. greening, high-albedo paints, and photovoltaics). These methods have been used separately to assess the future urban health. The Weather Research and Forecasting–Canopy-Building Energy Model (WRF–CMBEM) was used to simulate spatiotemporal urban meteorological conditions, and ML was applied to predict daily heat-related deaths in the 23 wards of Tokyo during the extremely hot summer of 2018. The urban energy-saving and heat island mitigation scenarios evaluated in this study were ground surface greening, no anthropogenic heat from buildings to the atmosphere, rooftop photovoltaics, and cool roofs. ML accurately predicted heatstroke- and ischemic heart disease (IHD)-related daily deaths using important meteorological factors. After meteorological changes from the control case to four urban modification scenarios were predicted using the WRF–CMBEM, potential reductions in heat-related deaths were estimated using previously successful ML-trained models. The results showed that in July–August 2018, the ground surface greening case effectively decreased the outdoor surface air temperature by 0.28 °C (50-percentile), 0.37 °C (90-percentile), and 0.56 °C (Max) in all grids resolved at 1 km. Temperature changes reduced heatstroke deaths by 43% and IHD deaths by 18% during the peak period of deaths in summer 2018. Cool roofs resulted in temperature decreases of 0.23 °C (50-percentile), 0.31 °C (90-percentile), and 0.36 °C (Max) and 14% and 13% reductions in heatstroke and IHD deaths, respectively. The results suggest that the implementation of urban modifications can effectively reduce heat-related deaths, especially during heatwaves and extremely hot summers.
Behavioural and psychological symptoms of people with dementia in acute hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anantapong Kanthee , Jiraphan Aimorn , Aunjitsakul Warut , Sathaporn Katti , Werachattawan Nisan , Teetharatkul Teerapat , Wiwattanaworaset Pakawat , Davies Nathan , Sampson Elizabeth L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) can complicate acute hospital care, but evidence on BPSD in this setting is heterogeneous.

Objective
To determine the prevalence of BPSD in acute hospitals and explore related risk factors, treatments, and outcomes (PROSPERO: CRD42023406294).

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for studies on BPSD prevalence among older people with dementia during their acute hospital admissions (up to 5 March 2024). Independent double-review processes were used for study screening, selection, and data extraction. Data on 12 BPSD symptoms were extracted based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI) and Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (BEHAVE-ad). Risk factors, treatments, and outcomes were summarised. Meta-analysis was used to synthesise results.

Results
Out of 15 101 records, 30 articles from 23 studies were included. Most studies were rated as moderate (n = 12) to poor (n = 17) quality. Meta-analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of overall BPSD (one or more BPSD symptoms) at 60% (95% CI = 43–78%) among older inpatients with dementia in acute hospitals (N = 11 studies). Subgroup analysis showed variations in the overall BPSD prevalence based on assessment tools (BEHAVE-ad = 85%, NPI = 74%, Others = 40%). Common BPSD symptoms included aggression/agitation (39%), sleep problems (38%), eating problems (36%), and irritability (32%). BPSD were linked to delirium, pain, increased use of uncomfortable interventions, psychotropic medication uses and higher caregiver distress. Poor patient-staff interactions and fragmented discharge plans often led to frequent emergency admissions and hospital readmissions.

Conclusion
Healthcare systems should implement tailored approaches for managing BPSD in acute hospitals, enhance staff training, improve caregiver communication, and develop integrated discharge plans.
A unique substrate specificity of PonAAS2, an aromatic aldehyde synthase, involved in phytohormone auxin biosynthesis in a gall-inducing sawfly Euura sp. “Pontania”
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihito , Ichikawa Hikaru , Kunioka Yuri , Miyata Umi , Nakamura Shugo , Fujimoto Zui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aromatic aldehyde synthase (AAS), PonAAS2, from the gall-inducing sawfly has been identified as a biosynthetic enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a key molecule of the plant hormone auxin, which is thought to play a role in gall induction. Unlike other insect AASs that convert Dopa, PonAAS2 uniquely converts l-tryptophan (Trp) into indole-3-acetaldehyde, a precursor of IAA. In this study, an examination of AAS enzymes from various insect species revealed that the ability to convert Trp has been acquired in only a very limited taxonomic group. Comparative analysis between PonAAS2 and DjAAS2 from a gall wasp showed that, despite having conserved substrate-recognizing amino acids, they exhibit different substrate specificities. This difference likely arises from variations in how these enzymes’ monomers interact during dimer formation, as demonstrated by amino acid substitution experiments and structural predictions.
Don’t Leave the Past Behind: Larval Experience Shapes Pupal Antipredator Response in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Rawat Kanika , Bhambore Akshaye Anand , Isvaran Kavita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Animals may use predation-risk experiences to improve their future antipredator behavior, thereby decreasing their risk of mortality through predation. Despite the fitness benefits, such behavioral carryovers of predation past may not be common in species with complex life cycles. In these species, each life stage is morphologically and functionally distinct, and might be expected to evolve only to respond to the current threat level. In addition, major physiological changes might hamper behavioral carryover between stages, especially in holometabolous insects, where extensive tissue remodeling occurs between stages. We therefore investigated behavioral carryover in the holometabolous mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In a 2 x 2 experiment, we tested if the predation risk experienced by larvae (present/absent) carries over to affect how pupae behave in the presence or absence of predation cues. We manipulated the risk of predation experienced by larvae and investigated its influence on pupal antipredator behaviors. Pupae responded to the current presence or absence of predation cues by changing several components of their diving behavior, but how they responded depended on their experience of predators. We, therefore, found context-specific behavioral carryover from the larval to the pupal stage. The carryover was detectable under normal resource-limited conditions but not when food was abundant. Our study underscores the role of predation in the evolution of complex life cycles, emphasizing the significance of early experiences in influencing behavioral traits in subsequent life stages.