bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to elevated temperature affects the expression of PIWI‐interacting RNAs and associated transcripts in mouse testes
Authors: Chen Wenbin , Zhao Zhang , Cen Shengren , Lv Daojun , Wu Jun , Zhou Xumin , Yang Taowei , Zhao Tianxin , Hou Longlong , Mao Xiangming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundExposure to heat waves could result in adverse effects on human health, especially in male testicles. PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA) is a novel type of small non‐coding RNA, which can notably impact mRNA turnover and preserve germline maintenance in germline cells. However, piRNA's expression status when adapting to testicular heat stress remains largely unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the function and mechanisms of relevant piRNAs during testicular heat stress.Materials and methodsIn this study, a mouse testicular heat stress model was constructed, and the testes were removed for piRNA‐sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was used to discover the differential expressed piRNAs, piRNA clusters, and enriched pathways. A cell heat stress model was constructed to validate the top five upregulated piRNAs. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were utilized to validate the function of selected piRNA. Bioinformatics prediction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to illustrate the downstream mechanisms.ResultsThrough the bioinformatics analysis, we identified the differential expression profile and enriched pathways of piRNAs and piRNA clusters during testicular hyperthermia. Besides, piR‐020492 was proved to be upregulated in heat stress mouse testes and a germ cell model. A series of in vitro assays illustrated that an overexpression of piR‐020492 could restrain the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of mouse germ cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of piRNA‐generating genes in the testicular heat stress model and piR‐020492 targeting genes showed that the overlap pathways are adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin pathways. Validation experiments demonstrated that the key genes of AMPK and insulin pathway exhibit differential expression after an overexpression of piR‐020492 or testicular heat stress.Discussion and conclusionIn conclusion, our findings revealed the expression profile of piRNAs in testicular heat stress and illustrated the function and mechanisms of piR‐020492 in germ cells, which could provide novel insights into the mechanism of hyperthermia‐induced testicular injury.
Mesenteric location of lymph node metastasis for colorectal cancer
Authors: Sasaki Taketo , Shigeta Kohei , Matsui Shimpei , Seishima Ryo , Okabayashi Koji , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe number of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a strong prognostic factor in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the impact of the mesentery location on LNM remains unclear. We assessed the impact LNM location on the recurrence of stage III CRC.MethodsSubjects with CRC and pathologically positive LNM were enrolled retrospectively. We defined three groups: LNM adjacent to the tumour (group A), metastases with horizontal or vertical spread (group B), and metastases with both horizontal and vertical spread (group C). Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was the primary outcome measure used for the study.ResultsA total of 241 (Group A: 121, B: 90, and C: 30) patients were recruited for the study. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression model indicated LNM location to be an independent predisposing risk factor for recurrence [group B: Hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% Confidential interval (CI) 1.12–3.60, P = 0.019; group C: HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.34–6.72, P = 0.008]. Addition of mesentery spread to the N classification was significant risk factor for recurrence (mN2a: HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.07–3.78, P = 0.029; mN2b: HR 3.96, 95% CI 2.12–7.40, P < 0.01). Comparison of Harrell's C‐index values was conducted, and the modified N staging risk was 0.6377, whereas the TNM N stage classification was 0.5869.ConclusionMesentery location of LNM was a risk factor and consideration of it might be beneficial for accurate prediction of CRC prognosis.
Mechanisms linking hypertriglyceridemia to acute pancreatitis
Authors: Kiss Lóránd , Fűr Gabriella , Pisipati Sailaja , Rajalingamgari Prasad , Ewald Nils , Singh Vijay , Rakonczay Zoltán 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a metabolic disorder, defined when serum or plasma triglyceride concentration (seTG) is >1.7 mM. HTG can be categorized as mild to very severe groups based on the seTG value. The risk of acute pancreatitis (AP), a serious disease with high mortality and without specific therapy, increases with the degree of HTG. Furthermore, even mild or moderate HTG aggravates AP initiated by other important etiological factors, including alcohol or bile stone. This review briefly summarizes the pathophysiology of HTG, the epidemiology of HTG‐induced AP and the clinically observed effects of HTG on the outcomes of AP. Our main focus is to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms linking HTG to AP. HTG is accompanied by an increased serum fatty acid (FA) concentration, and experimental results have demonstrated that these FAs have the most prominent role in causing the consequences of HTG during AP. FAs inhibit mitochondrial complexes in pancreatic acinar cells, induce pathological elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, cytokine release and tissue injury, and reduce the function of pancreatic ducts. Furthermore, high FA concentrations can induce respiratory, kidney, and cardiovascular failure in AP. All these effects may contribute to the observed increased AP severity and frequent organ failure in patients. Importantly, experimental results suggest that the reduction of FA production by lipase inhibitors can open up new therapeutic options of AP. Overall, investigating the pathophysiology of HTG‐induced AP or AP in the presence of HTG and determining possible treatments are needed.
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for stenosis of thoracic esophagus due to acute esophageal necrosis associated with alcoholic ketoacidosis
Authors: Kanamori Kohei , Koyanagi Kazuo , Nakamura Kenji , Nabeshima Kazuhito , Kazuno Akihito , Yamamoto Miho , Ninomiya Yamato , Shoji Yoshiaki , Higuchi Tadashi , Yatabe Kentaro , Ogimi Mika , Tajima Kohei , Hatanaka Kazuhito , Nakamura Naoya , Mori Masaki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare disease characterized by the appearance of diffuse black mucosa on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; the condition often progresses to esophageal stenosis in the chronic phase. A 70‐year‐old man was admitted to a neighborhood hospital with the diagnosis of alcoholic ketoacidosis and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed to investigate the symptom of esophageal tightness revealed AEN. The patient developed esophageal stenosis with scarring in the chronic phase and was referred to our hospital for surgery 6 months after the diagnosis of AEN. We performed thoracoscopic esophagectomy with the patient in the prone position. Although the esophagus was thickened and strong adhesions were present around the esophagus due to inflammation, we were able to complete the surgical procedure thoracoscopically. In patients presenting with benign esophageal stenosis developing after AEN, thoracoscopic esophagectomy may be a useful treatment option, even in the presence of severe fibrosis.
Employment status, material hardship, and mental health among low‐income working‐age adults in South Korea
Authors: Lee RaeHyuck , Kim Jaeseung , Shim Joyce 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study examines the associations between employment status and mental health and the mediating role of material hardship among low‐income households in South Korea. This study uses regression models with a rich set of control variables and lagged dependent variable models with a nationally representative sample of 1113 low‐income working‐age household heads from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). We find that the nonstandard employment and unemployment statuses are associated with a higher level of depression and a lower level of self‐esteem, when compared to a standard employment status. These negative associations are partially mediated by an increased material hardship risk. Policy implications to improve employment conditions and mitigate material hardship are discussed.
Accounting for Intangible Assets: Thinking It Through
Authors: Penman Stephen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the modern corporation investing more in intangible assets, the issue of appropriate accounting for these assets is very much at the fore and formally on the agendas of accounting standards boards. Some commentators advocate that internally generated intangible assets should be booked to the balance sheet, just like tangible assets. This paper explains that this apparently straightforward solution is not so simple. There are subtleties that, when recognised, indicate that such accounting would often make both balance sheets and income statements less informative. In response, the paper outlines an accounting for intangible assets that preserves, indeed enhances, the information conveyed by both the balance sheet and the income statement and satisfies the financial reporting objective of providing information to investors about ‘the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows’.
Critical evaluation on roles of macrophagic myofasciitis and aluminum adjuvants in HPV vaccine–induced adverse events
Authors: Matsumura Noriomi , Shiro Reona , Tsunoda Ikuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is preventable by HPV vaccines. In Japan, the HPV vaccination rate has remained extremely low due to the concerns for alleged neuropsychological symptoms or “diverse symptoms” following injections of two HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, in HPV vaccine lawsuits. In the lawsuits, the attorneys' group has used several manuscripts proposing that aluminum (Al) adjuvant contained in HPV vaccines causes an immune‐mediated disease, called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), as well as pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). We scientifically evaluated these manuscripts describing the “Al adjuvant–induced pathologies,” particularly MMF. Although MMF patients have been reported to develop clinical symptoms/signs in various organs, including the CNS, muscle biopsy of the patients and animal experiments demonstrated that MMF pathology was localized only at the injected muscle. No muscle pathology which characterizes MMF was observed in any other muscles; thus, the systemic and neurological signs of MMF cases were irrelevant to localized MMF pathology. We evaluated that MMF‐like pathology was induced as a local inflammatory response following vaccinations; MMF pathology was not the cause of systemic inflammation or “diverse symptoms.” Lastly, MMF cases have been reported after vaccinations with Al‐hydroxide–containing vaccines exclusively. As Al‐hydroxide is a component of Cervarix, but not Gardasil, “diverse symptoms” following two HPV vaccinations in Japan cannot be explained by MMF. Our evaluation would help readers understand the validity of the manuscripts on the role of Al adjuvants or MMF for the alleged “diverse symptoms.”
Parenting through the lenses of risk and othering: Constructions of parental cannabis use in child protection court proceedings
Authors: Saar‐Heiman Yuval , Gupta Anna , Roets Griet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe construction of parents' cannabis use in the context of child protection has far‐reaching implications for how their parenting is perceived and assessed and for the decisions made regarding their children's lives. Yet little is known about the meanings various stakeholders in child protection processes attribute to parents' cannabis use. This paper aims to explore constructions of parents' cannabis use in child protection court proceedings and position them within a political and social context. A qualitative data mining method was used to examine 32 Family Court judgements in care proceedings that involved parents using cannabis in England and Wales. The analysis of the judgements revealed that most portrayed parents' cannabis use as a negative, deviant and harmful activity. Three constructions of cannabis use were identified: cannabis use as a risk to children, cannabis use as proof of parents' deficits, and cannabis use as (responsible) self‐medication. The discussion considers the findings in light of two social and political processes that underpin child protection policy and practice: the adoption of a risk perspective and the manifestation of othering processes. Implications for policy and practice highlight the importance of developing a critical framework for responding to parental cannabis use.
Bioactive glass air‐abrasion promotes healing around contaminated implant surfaces surrounded by circumferential bone defects: An experimental study in the rat
Authors: Abushahba Faleh , Areid Nagat , Gürsoy Mervi , Willberg Jaana , Laine Varpu , Yatkin Emrah , Hupa Leena , Närhi Timo O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the healing of experimentally induced bone defects around contaminated dental implants after air‐abrasion using 45S5 or zinc oxide (ZnO)‐containing bioactive glasses (BAGs).Materials and MethodsOne maxillary first molar was extracted from each Sprague–Dawley rat (n = 30). After 4‐week healing, a titanium implant was placed in the extraction site with a circumferential bone defect. The rats were randomized into five different groups: (1) implants with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis dual‐species biofilm (IB); (2) implants with biofilm subjected to inert glass air‐abrasion (inert); (3) sterile implants (S); (4) implants with biofilm subjected to 45S5 BAG air‐abrasion (45S5); and (5) implants with biofilm subjected to ZnO‐containing BAG air‐abrasion (Zn4). After 8‐week healing, maxillae were dissected, and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsThe first bone‐to‐implant contact was significantly shorter for the inert (1.58 ± 1.16 mm; p = 0.016), S (0.28 ± 0.13 mm; p < 0.001), 45S5 (0.41 ± 0.28 mm; p < 0.001), and Zn4 (0.26 ± 0.16 mm; p < 0.001) groups compared to IB group. Also, significantly more bone‐to‐implant contact was seen for S (72.35% ± 8.32%; p < 0.001), 45S5 (57.91% ± 24.10%; p = 0.002), and Zn4 (70.49% ± 12.74%; p < 0.001) groups than the IB group. The bone volume with the threads demonstrated significantly higher value for S (69.32% ± 9.15%; p < 0.001), 45S5 (58.93% ± 23.53%; p = 0.001), and Zn4 (68.65% ± 12.41%; p < 0.001) groups compared to the IB group. The bone volume within the defects was significantly higher for S (68.79% ± 11.77%; p < 0.001), 45S5 (62.51% ± 20.51%; p = 0.002), and Zn4 (73.81% ± 15.07%; p < 0.001) groups compared to the IB group.ConclusionsThis study suggests that air‐abrasion of contaminated moderately rough implant surfaces with either 45S5 or ZnO‐containing BAGs enhances osseointegration and bone defect regeneration.
Ferulic acid alleviates sciatica by inhibiting neuroinflammation and promoting nerve repair via the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Di , Jing Bei , Chen Zhen‐ni , Li Xin , Shi Hui‐mei , Zheng Ya‐chun , Chang Shi‐quan , Gao Li , Zhao Guo‐ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSciatica causes intense pain. No satisfactory therapeutic drugs exist to treat sciatica. This study aimed to probe the potential mechanism of ferulic acid in sciatica treatment.MethodsThirty‐two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation, chronic constriction injury (CCI), mecobalamin, and ferulic acid. We conducted RNA sequencing, behavioral tests, ELISA, PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. TAK‐242 and JSH23 were administered to RSC96 and GMI‐R1 cells to explore whether ferulic acid can inhibit apoptosis and alleviate inflammation.ResultsRNA sequencing showed that TLR4/NF‐κB pathway is involved in the mechanism of sciatica. CCI induced cold and mechanical hyperalgesia; destroyed the sciatic nerve structure; increased IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐8, and TGF‐β protein levels and IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, TLR4, and IBA‐1 mRNA levels; and decreased IL‐10 and INF‐γ protein levels and IL‐4 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemistry showed that IBA‐1, CD32, IL‐1β, iNOS, nNOS, COX2, and TLR4 expression was increased while S100β and Arg‐1 decreased. CCI increased TLR4, IBA‐1, IL‐1β, iNOS, Myd88, p‐NF‐κB, and p‐p38MAPK protein levels. Treatment with mecobalamin and ferulic acid reversed these trends. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RSC96 cell apoptosis by reducing Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xl protein and mRNA levels and increasing Bax and Bad mRNA and IL‐1β, TLR4, Myd88, p‐NF‐κB, and p‐p38MAPK protein levels, while ferulic acid inhibited cell apoptosis by decreasing IL‐1β, TLR4, Myd88, p‐NF‐κB, and p‐p38MAPK levels and increasing Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xl levels. In GMI‐R1 cells, Ferulic acid attenuated LPS‐induced M1 polarization by decreasing the M1 polarization markers IL‐1β, IL‐6, iNOS, and CD32 and increasing the M2 polarization markers CD206, IL‐4, IL‐10 and Arg‐1. After LPS treatment, IL‐1β, iNOS, TLR4, Myd88, p‐p38MAPK, and p‐NF‐κB levels were obviously increased, and Arg‐1 expression was reduced, while ferulic acid reversed these changes.ConclusionFerulic acid can promote injured sciatic nerve repair by reducing neuronal cell apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration though the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway.
1045. SORBUS AVONENSIS: Rosaceae
Authors: Houston Libby , Rich Tim C. G. , Barlow Gillian , Brown Andrew P. , Fay Michael F. 
Published: January 2023

SummarySorbus avonensis, AVON WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. It was originally treated as a triploid hybrid to cover plants of S. aria (diploid) × S. porrigentiformis (tetraploid) parentage, but after the discovery of more identical trees in 2014–2016, it is now treated as a species. It is endemic to the Avon Gorge, England where a population of c. 47 trees is known.
1046. SORBUS CAMBRENSIS: Rosaceae
Authors: Rich Tim C. G. , Lepší Martin , King Christabel , Brown Andrew P. , Fay Michael F. 
Published: January 2023

SummarySorbus cambrensis, WELSH WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. It is a member of Sorbus subgenus Aria and is unusual in being a pentaploid. It is endemic to six sites in the eastern Brecon Beacons, Wales, and is ‘Endangered.’ It was first noted as a ‘large‐leaved S. porrigentiformis’ in the 1970s and was described in 2009. It is closely related to another pentaploid, S. stenophylla, both of which may be derived from hybridisation between S. rupicola and unknown members of Sorbus subgenus Aria.
Time to pain relief: A randomized controlled trial in the emergency department during vaso‐occlusive episodes in sickle cell disease
Authors: Tanabe Paula , Bosworth Hayden B. , Crawford Regina D. , Glassberg Jeffrey , Miller Christopher N. , Paice Judith A. , Silva Susan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveCompare time to pain relief (minimum of a 13 mm and 30% reduction) during an Emergency Department (ED) visit among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experiencing severe pain associated with a vaso‐occlusive episode who were randomized to receive either an individualized or weight‐based pain protocol.MethodsA randomized controlled trial in two EDs. Adults with sickle cell disease. Research staff recorded pain scores every 30 min during an ED visit (up to 6 h in the ED) using a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale. Analysis included 122 visits, representing 49 patients (individualized: 61 visits, 25 patients; standard: 61 visits, 24 patients).ResultsPain reduction across 6‐h was greater for the individualized compared to the standard protocol (protocol‐by‐time: p = .02; 6‐h adjusted pain score comparison: Individualized: M = 29.2, SD = 38.8, standard: M = 45.3, SD = 35.6; p = .03, Cohen d = 0.43). Hazards models indicated a greater probability of 13 mm (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.27, p = .03) and 30% (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.63, p = .01) reduction in the individualized relative to the standard protocol.ConclusionsPatients who received treatment with an individualized protocol experienced a more rapid reduction in pain, including a 13 mm and 30% reduction in pain scores when compared to those that received weight‐based dosing.
Concurrent changes in dental anxiety and smoking in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Kallio Anu , Suominen Auli , Tolvanen Mimmi , Rantavuori Kari , Jussila Heidi , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Lahti Satu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and tobacco use, adjusted for general anxiety and depressive symptoms. The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study data, collected at gestational weeks 14 and 34 and at 3 months postpartum, were used. Questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL). Smoking was categorized as “stable non‐smoking”, “started smoking”, “quit smoking”, and “stable smoking”. Changes in smoking and dental anxiety were evaluated “during pregnancy” (i.e., from gestational week 14 to gestational week 34) in 2442 women and 1346 men and “after pregnancy” (i.e., from gestational week 34 to 3 months postpartum) in 2008 women and 1095 men. Changes were evaluated in three smoking categories (stable non‐smoking, fluctuating, and stable smoking), using data from all three time‐points (1979 women and 1049 men). Modeling used repeated measures analysis of covariance. Stable smoking mothers had statistically significantly higher levels of dental anxiety (mean MDAS 12.3–12.6) than non‐smoking mothers (mean MDAS 10.1–10.7) or mothers who smoked at some point during pregnancy (mean MDAS 10.8–11.5). A similar tendency was observed in fathers. However, no systematic change in dental anxiety by changes in smoking habits was observed. Those smoking during pregnancy and with high dental anxiety may need special support for smoking cessation.