bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livestock species rather than grazing intensity shape plant guild proportions in interaction with multiple environmental drivers in grassland from the Pyrenees
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio , Ibanez Mercedes , Chocarro Cristina , Sebastià M.‐Teresa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuestions

Does grazing management shape the proportion of plant guilds (grasses, legumes, forbs and sedges) in mountain grasslands?

Which properties of grazing management have the greatest effect on the proportion of plant guilds: grazer diversity/identity or grazing intensity?

Are the effects of grazing management on guild proportion modified by other environmental variables that explain plant guild distribution at broad spatial scales?

LocationMountains in the Pyrenees.MethodsWe modelled the proportion of grasses, legumes, forbs and sedges using data from the PASTUS database (n = 96), which contains a wide range of environmental and management conditions due to the high variety of environmental conditions in mountain grasslands in the Pyrenees. We used a machine‐learning algorithm to find those variables that best explained the proportions of each plant guild. We focussed on the differences between the levels of grazing intensity and the grazing species included in the model, and on detecting interactions between grazing variables and climate, topography and soil conditions.ResultsThe proportion of forbs and grasses strongly depended on the grazing livestock species at broad spatial scales. Only soil pH showed a higher overall explanatory power on guild distribution. In general, forbs were favoured in cattle‐ and grasses in sheep‐grazed grasslands, the latter also being favoured on acidic soils, while forbs were favoured in more alkaline soil conditions. However, the effects of those factors (grazing species and soil pH) were modulated through interactions with several other environmental variables, including soil Mg, K and P, and terrain slope. In contrast, grazing intensity was a minor driver of guild distribution.ConclusionsOur results provide information about the relationship between plant functional diversity, indicated by the different plant guild proportions, and grazing management in the Pyrenean grasslands. This information could be useful for developing hypotheses for future experimental studies and for designing policies to improve the management of mountain grasslands.
Application of AIS‐ and flyover‐based methods to monitor illegal and legal fishing in Canada's Pacific marine conservation areas
Authors: Iacarella Josephine C. , Burke Lily , Clyde Georgia , Wicks Adam , Clavelle Tyler , Dunham Anya , Rubidge Emily , Woods Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNew approaches are required to undertake the substantial task of monitoring ongoing fishing activity in marine conservation areas to ensure conservation goals are achieved. To address this need, we applied previously developed, yet currently underused, vessel tracking methods based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) and aerial surveillance (“flyovers”) to Canada's Pacific marine conservation areas from 2012 to 2019. We used satellite and terrestrial‐based AIS receivers and flyover‐based visual observations to estimate illegal and legal fishing activity after 185 conservation area (CA) enactments (i.e., static, geographically defined areas with fishing regulations). We compared the effectiveness in detecting fishing activity between the AIS‐ and flyover‐based methods, and used the latter to determine that 93% of vessels were actively fishing in CAs without AIS. The AIS‐based method still detected 3303 h of fishing in CAs after enactment, and both methods estimated 22%–24% of fishing activity in CAs was illegal. The application of these methods also shed light on the complexity of fishing regulations across CAs (i.e., varying and CA‐specific restrictions). This highlighted the need to better align vessel tracking fishing gear classifications with CA regulation specifications, and conversely to simplify regulations (e.g., no‐take), for more accurate monitoring and evaluation moving forward.
Deep brain stimulation of fornix in Alzheimer's disease: From basic research to clinical practice
Authors: Liu Zhikun , Shu Kai , Geng Yumei , Cai Chang , Kang Huicong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with the degradation of memory and cognitive ability. Current pharmacotherapies show little therapeutic effect in AD treatment and still cannot prevent the pathological progression of AD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown to enhance memory in morbid obese, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury patients, and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients deteriorates during DBS off. Some relevant animal studies and clinical trials have been carried out to discuss the DBS treatment for AD. Reviewing the fornix trials, no unified conclusion has been reached about the clinical benefits of DBS in AD, and the dementia ratings scale has not been effectively improved in the long term. However, some patients have presented promising results, such as improved glucose metabolism, increased connectivity in cognition‐related brain regions and even elevated cognitive function rating scale scores. The fornix plays an important regulatory role in memory, attention, and emotion through its complex fibre projection to cognition‐related structures, making it a promising target for DBS for AD treatment. Moreover, the current stereotaxic technique and various evaluation methods have provided references for the operator to select accurate stimulation points. Related adverse events and relatively higher costs in DBS have been emphasized. In this article, we summarize and update the research progression on fornix DBS in AD and seek to provide a reliable reference for subsequent experimental studies on DBS treatment of AD.
Principal component analysis for particle size‐based classification of gorgon nut flour and their morphological, structural, thermal and pasting characteristics
Authors: Sharma Rajiv , Kotwaliwale Nachiket , Jindal Navdeep , Saxena Dharmesh C. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe effect of differential particle size on morphological, structural, thermal and pasting properties of raw gorgon nut flour was studied. Flour was sieved into five size fractions (250–75 μm). XRD spectra were of “A” type with strong diffraction peaks at 15 & 23, and an unresolved doublet at 17 & 18 degree. A strong negative correlation was observed between relative crystallinity and amylose content. The peak glass transition temperature (70.13–78.81 °C) and enthalpy (12.06–60.96 J g−1) differed significantly. Among all fractions, the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, onset temperature, enthalpy, peak & conclusion temperature, and amylose content were inversely correlated to setback, breakdown, relative crystallinity, pasting temperature, and pasting time of gorgon nut flour. Principal component analysis categorised flour fractions into three distinct sub‐groups viz. coarse (<250 μm), medium (<180 μm), and fine (<106 μm), exhibiting diverse behaviour. It could be inferred that peak viscosity and setback of finer fractions could be considered as the key property of gorgon nut flour. The finer fractions may be appropriate for sauces and soups whereas, coarser fractions may be used to prepare stronger dough for baked products.
Volarisation of Brewer's spent grain for noodles preparation and its potential assessment against obesity
Authors: Anisha Anisha , Kaushik Deepika , Kumar Mukul , Kumar Ashwani , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Proestos Charalampos , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Elobeid Tahra , Kaur Jasjit , Oz Fatih 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBrewer's spent grain is the most prevalent low‐cost by‐product of brewing industry, contributing to about 85% of all by‐products produced. It is of interest for food industry applications because of its high nutritional value (fibres, protein and bioactive substances). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different brewer's spent grain composition usage on various quality criteria of noodles as well as to investigate the possible usage opportunities and assessments of them in the production of noodles against obesity. For this purpose, noodle production was carried out using five different compositions of brewer's spent grain barley, barley and wheat, barley and rice, barley and maize, barley and finger millets, all at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Various quality criteria of the noodles were determined. Noodles made with the addition of barley and maize spent grains were found to be high in physio‐chemical and nutritional properties, and amylase and lipase inhibition assay. Concentration above 15% of spent grains affected the texture of the noodles. From the sensory evaluation, 10% concentration of barley and maize noodles was selected as it had good texture, colour and appearance. It was comparatively good in taste and aroma from other samples.
Effect of rapeseed oil and β‐cyclodextrin coatings on the quality of eggs in shell
Authors: Dai Yan , Chen De‐hui , Lei Qin , Ren Xiao‐li , Li Chun‐hong , Zhang Jing , Chang Hai‐jun 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe objective of this research was to investigate and compare the effect of rapeseed oil, 0.5% β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin coating on egg quality attributes during storage for 28 days at 25 °C. Egg quality attributes such as weight loss (WL), air cell depth and diameter, Haugh unit (HU), albumen pH, yolk index and colour, eggshell strength and morphology were monitored. Similar initial quality attributes of control, rapeseed oil, 0.5% β‐CD and rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs were obtained at day 0. Control (uncoated) and β‐CD‐coated eggs had the worst WL, air cell diameter, air cell depth, albumen pH and a* values after storage for 28 days at 25 °C, while the rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs had lower values of air cell diameter (18.20 mm), air cell depth (7.20 mm) and albumin pH (9.12), higher eggshell breaking strength (51.21 N) and a*(25.33). At day 7 and 21, the best quality attributes were obtained by rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs, being respectively: WL, yolk index and L*. Less obvious micro‐cracks on the eggshell surface were detected especially in rapeseed oil/0.5% β‐cyclodextrin‐coated eggs, which maintained slightly improved egg quality attributes during storage.
Caspase‐3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis leads to osteogenic dysfunction of osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Wu Zhixiao , Ding Qian , Yue Muxin , Zhang Xiao , Han Dong , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveCell pyroptosis is implicated in progressive bone loss in dental inflammatory diseases. We induced caspase‐3/Gasdermin E (GSDME)‐mediated pyroptosis in osteoblast‐like cells and evaluated the effects on osteogenesis.Materials and MethodsOsteoblast‐like cells were treated with various concentrations of sodium butyrate (NaB) to identify the most appropriate for inducing caspase‐3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis. Cells were divided into control, NaB and NaB+Ac‐DEVD‐CHO (specific caspase‐3 inhibitor) groups. Pyroptosis level was evaluated by immunofluorescence, morphological observation, flow cytometry, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, mRNA and protein levels of pyroptosis‐related markers. Then, inflammation level, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression and osteogenic function were detected.ResultsTreatment with 10 mM NaB increased caspase‐3 expression, GSDME cleavage, LDH release and the number of pyroptotic cells, with morphologic changes, indicating GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis induction. The pyroptosis‐related changes were abolished by caspase‐3 inhibition. Caspase‐3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis triggered the expression of inflammatory cytokines and RANKL, downregulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralisation level, mRNA and protein levels of multiple osteogenic markers. These effects were partly reversed by Ac‐DEVD‐CHO.ConclusionCaspase‐3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis induced by NaB activated the inflammatory response, reduced osteogenic differentiation and disturbed OPG/RANKL axis, leading to osteogenic dysfunction in osteoblast‐like cells.
Differential pricing in social networks with strategic consumers
Authors: Zheng Rui , Shou Biying , Chen Yingju 
Published: April 2023

This study analyzes a monopolistic seller's optimal differential pricing problem with strategic consumers connected in social networks. The consumers who purchase in the later period can get positive externalities from their friends who purchased in the early period but have to bear a utility discount for the delayed consumption. We first characterize consumers' strategic purchase decisions under general network structures. We then derive the optimal differential pricing strategies and demonstrate that different network structures lead to substantially different strategies. We find that when the intensity of the network externality effect is lower than a threshold and the influence matrix is symmetric, it is always optimal for the seller to conduct an increasing‐pricing strategy. However, when the network externality effect is strong, a decreasing‐pricing strategy may also be optimal. We further examine how the imbalance of influence, degree heterogeneity, and network topology impact the optimal pricing policy and profit. We find that when the intensity of network externality is relatively low, it is more profitable to sell products through many interconnected low‐influencer networks; however, when the network externality intensity is high, it is better to sell through a few high‐influencer networks. Finally, we show that the profit loss caused by uniform pricing strategies or by ignoring consumer network structures can be significant under certain conditions, thereby revealing the substantial value of differential pricing in social networks.
Supplemental Methods, Data 1 - 8 from Hypoxia-Induced SUMOylation of E3 Ligase HAF Determines Specific Activation of HIF2 in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Koh Mei Yee , Nguyen Vuvi , Lemos Robert , Darnay Bryant G. , Kiriakova Galina , Abdelmelek Mena , Ho Thai H. , Karam Jose , Monzon Federico A. , Jonasch Eric , Powis Garth 
Published: April 2023

<p>Supplemental methods. A, B) Sequences for the A) P117 Luc, and B) P117 HRE reporters containing the HAF binding site, the hypoxia responsive element (HRE) and the HIF ancillary sequence (HAS), with the restriction enzyme sites used for ligation into the pGL4.17 construct. C) PCR primers used in ChIP assays. Supplementary data S1. A)	Quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR showing the effect of transient HAF overexpression on the transcription of HIF-2 target genes in pVHL-deficient A498 CRCC cells B)	Quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR showing the effect of transient HAF overexpression on the transcription of OCT-3/4. SOX2 and NANOG in normoxia and 24hours' hypoxia in A498 CRCC cells. Supplementary data S2. A)	Effects of HAF overexpression on luciferase activity of co-transfected P117 Luc or P117 containing a deletion of the HAF site (P117D), in PANC1 cells in normoxia. B)	Western blot showing knockdown specificity of siRNAs targeting HIF-2α (siH2_1, siH2_2) or HAF (siHAF_1, siHAF_2) when transfected with the P117 reporter in 786-0 cells. Supplementary data S3. A)	Effect of hypoxia on SUMO-2/3 modification of HAF in 786-0 cells. B)	Effect of hypoxia on SUMO-1 modification of HAF in PANC-1 cells. C)	Western blot showing immunoprecipitation of HIF-2α from lysates of PANC-1 cells. Supplementary data S4. A-B) Immunocytochemistry confirming specificities of A) HAF, and B) HIF-2α antibodies. Supplementary data S5. A)	Growth curve of HAF overexpressing 786-0 cells in normoxia. B)	Western blot showing GFP expression in suspected lesions observed in the GI tracts of mice bearing renal orthotopic 786-0 HAF or vector expressing CRCC cells. Supplementary data S6. A)	Table showing multiple disease parameters of the patients represented on the CRCC TMA. B)	Scatterplot showing correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic HAF localization in CRCC TMA. Supplementary data S7. Kaplan-Meier curves showing relationship between good versus intermediate Motzer criteria in grade III/IV CRCC. Supplementary data S8. A-B) Kaplan-Meier curves showing relationships between levels of A) HIF-2α or B) HIF-1α and progression free survival (PFS) in grade III/IV CRCC.</p>
Figure S3 from Spatiotemporal Regulation of ΔNp63 by TGFβ-Regulated miRNAs Is Essential for Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Bui Ngoc H.B. , Napoli Marco , Davis Andrew John , Abbas Hussein A. , Rajapakshe Kimal , Coarfa Cristian , Flores Elsa R. 
Published: April 2023

<p>Figure S3. Pathways regulated by Ã¢Ë†â€ Np63-induced and -repressed genes.</p>
Supplementary Figure 1 from Expression and Function of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues: Implications for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Catalano Stefania , Campana Antonella , Giordano Cinzia , Győrffy Balázs , Tarallo Roberta , Rinaldi Antonio , Bruno Giuseppina , Ferraro Aurora , Romeo Francesco , Lanzino Marilena , Naro Fabio , Bonofiglio Daniela , Andò Sebastiano , Barone Ines 
Published: April 2023

<p>Molecule activity predictor analysis of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis performed on Cdc42 signaling and Rac signaling in PDE5-overexpressing MCF-7 cells compared to vector-transfected cells.</p>
Bioinformatic analysis highlights SNHG6 as a putative prognostic biomarker for kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yifu , Cheng Xiaofeng , Xi Ping , Zhang Zhicheng , Sun Ting , Gong Binbin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and current systemic therapeutic strategies are difficult to achieve a satisfactory outcome for advanced disease. Meanwhile, there is a lack of effective biomarkers to predict the prognosis of KIRP.

Methods
Using TCGA, GTEx, UALCAN, TIMER, TIMER 2.0 and STRING databases, we analyzed the relationship of SNHG6 with KIRP subtypes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and potential target mRNAs. Based on TCGA data, ROC curves, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and COX regression analysis were performed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of SNHG6 in KIRP. Nomogram was used to predict 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival in KIRP patients. In addition, with the help of Genetic ontology and Gene set enrichment analysis, the biological processes and signalling pathways that SNHG6 may be involved in KIRP were initially explored.

Results
In patients with KIRP, SNHG6 was significantly upregulated and associated with a more aggressive subtype (lymph node involvement, pathological stage IV, CIMP phenotype) and poor prognosis. The ROC curve showed good diagnostic efficacy (AUC value: 0.828) and the C-index of the Nomogram for predicting DSS at 3 and 5 years was 0.920 (0.898–0.941). In the immune microenvironment of KIRP, SNHG6 expression levels were negatively correlated with macrophage abundance and positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, SNHG6 may promote KIRP progression by regulating the expression of molecules such as AURKB, NDC80, UBE2C, NUF2, PTTG1, CENPH, SPC25, CDCA3, CENPM, BIRC5, TROAP, EZH2. Last, GSEA suggests that SNHG6 may be involved in the regulation of the PPAR signalling pathway and the SLIT/ROBO signalling pathway.

Conclusions
Our analysis suggests that a high SNHG6 expression status in KIRP is associated with a poorer prognosis for patients, and also elucidates some potential mechanisms contributing to this poorer outcome. This may provide new insights into the treatment and management of KIRP in the foreseeable future.
Dual-layer microstrip monopolar patch antenna with characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Jiang Shu , Xu Hengfei , Dou Jiangling , Sun Dongquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A monopole-like stacked microstrip antenna with dual-layer patches is proposed for ultra-wideband applications. The characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is utilized and contributes to the multi-mode behavior investigation, guiding the design process. The dual-layer patches both consist of two concentric-coupled rings. The patch configuration is optimized according to the desired mode behaviors at different frequencies. Correspondingly, the three merged resonant modes, containing the modes TM01 and TM02 of the middle layer and TM01 in the top layer, effectively broaden the operation band. The measurements demonstrate that the impedance bandwidth (IBW) of the antenna reaches 4.70–10.20 GHz (73.8%) with the return loss of 10 dB and a maximum gain of 8.7 dBi. The cross-polarization level is better than −28 dB. The proposed antenna possesses a small radius of 30 mm (0.47

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is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operation frequency.
A prediction model for Xiangyang Neolithic sites based on a random forest algorithm
Authors: Li Linzhi , Chen Xingyu , Sun Deliang , Wen Haijia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The archaeological site prediction model can accurately identify archaeological site areas to enable better knowledge and understanding of human civilization processes and social development patterns. A total of 129 Neolithic site data in the region were collected using the Xiangyang area as the study area. An eight-factor index system of elevation, slope, slope direction, micromorphology, distance to water, slope position, planar curvature, and profile curvature was constructed. A geospatial database with a resolution of 30 m × 30 m was established. The whole sample set was built and trained in the ratio of 1:1 archaeological to nonarchaeological sites to obtain the prediction results. The average Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the influence of various archaeological site factors. The results revealed that the area under the curve values of the receiver operating characteristic curves were 1.000, 0.994, and 0.867 for the training, complete, and test datasets, respectively. Moreover, 60% of the historical, archaeological sites were located in the high-probability zone, accounting for 12% of the study area. The prediction model proposed in this study matched the spatial distribution characteristics of archaeological site locations. With the model assessed using the best samples, the results were categorized into three classes: low, average, and high. The proportion of low-, average-, and high-probability zones decreased in order. The high-probability zones were mainly located near the second and third tributaries and distributed at the low eastern hills and central hillocks. The random forest (RF) model was used to rank the importance of archaeological site variables. Elevation, slope, and micro-geomorphology were classified as the three most important variables. The RF model for archaeological site prediction has better stability and predictive ability in the case field; the model provides a new research method for archaeological site prediction and provides a reference for revealing the relationship between archaeological activities and the natural environment.