bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR HEALTH STATUS IN 6-15 YEARS OLD CHILDREN VISITING KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, PESHAWAR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Fazle Qadeem  , Saadia Farid  , Faisal Saeed  , Khurshid Ali  , Hasham Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the health status of the first permanent molar (decayed, missing, filled teeth, hypoplasia, and hypocalcification) in 6-15 yrs old children.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 147 children ranging from the age of 6-15yrs with a mean of 9.36± 2.63yrs were considered in the study. A self-prepared performa was use to collect data regarding decayed, missing, filled, hypoplastic, hypocalcified first permanent molars in children attending the paediatric department, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. Demographic data like age, gender, and parental occupation (for socioeconomic status) were also recorded in the same performa. Children were examined on the dental chair by using a probe, mouth mirror, and tweezer. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Frequencies and percentages of the variables were tabulated. The Chi-square test was applied for comparison among different socioeconomic levels. P-value ≤0.005 was considered significant statistically.
Results:
Out of a total of 147 children, ninety-seven were males (64.7%) and 53 were females (35.3%), with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The health status of the first permanent molar is poor in young children of low socioeconomic status.
Conclusion:
It is concluded from the study that the health status of the first permanent molar is poor in young boys whose parents were having low socioeconomic status.
COVID-19 AND ITS ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN POPULATION OF ISLAMABAD AND RAWALPINDI: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Sana Sultan  , Maleeha Majid  , Amir Ghafoor Chaudhary  , Aamna Kamran Mehmood  , Nouman Akhtar  , Muhammad Talha Rafiq  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the oral manifestations in the people of Islamabad and Rawalpindi affected with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods:Study design and setting: It is descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted on 250 both male and females participants who had suffered from COVID-19 over the duration of 6 months in Islamic International Dental Hospital Islamabad. Participants were from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Questionnaire: Subjects participated in a web based questionnaire assessing the oral manifestations of COVID-19. These included facial pain, pain while eating(masticatory pain) , burning sensation in the oral cavity, dryness of mouth (xerostomia), loss of taste and oral mucosal lesions.
Results:
Out of 250, 105male and 145 females participate in this study. 40 % (n=100) participants experienced pain in the face region out of whom 40% (n=40) had pain in the head region. 46% participants reported to have pain on mastication out of which 47.8% had pain on messeter muscle. 46% participants had burning sensations in the oral cavity.60% participant’s experienced dry mouth. Moreover 70% participants experienced loss of taste sensations. Only 24% reported with oral mucosal lesions.6% participants developed blisters/ulcers out of which majority developed them on the tongue.
Conclusion:
This study concluded that oral manifestations are important for early detection of COVID-19 patients and majority of these patients showed loss of taste.
COMPARISON OF THE MEAN REDUCTION IN TRISMUS POSTOPERATIVELY AFTER USE OF 4MG AND 8MG INTRAVENOUS DEXAMETHASONE PRE OPERATIVELY, FOLLOWING IMPACTED MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR SURGERY
Authors: Ahmad Raza  , Muhammad Younas  , Nadia Ashraf  , Abdul Wahid  , Syed Amjad shah  , Muhammad Nisar  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare the mean reduction in trismus postoperatively after the use of 4mg and 8mg intravenous dexamethasone preoperatively, following impacted mandibular third molar surgery.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Peshawar dental college, Peshawar from 10th December 2018 to 16th July 2019 after the college’s review board has approved it. In this study, a total of 60 Patients of both genders 18 years to 40 years with 35 mm or greater mouth opening, and partially impacted mandibular third molars were included by consecutive, non-probability sampling technique. The analysis of the data was done by using SPSS version 20.0. The student t-test was used to compare both groups i.e. mean reduction in trismus with 4mg dexamethasone and 8 mg dexamethasone on day 2. A P≤0.05 was taken as significant.
Results:
After 2 days of administration of 4mg dexamethasone, the mouth was reduced from a mean of 49.63±6.78mm to 28.2±2.917 mm. Similarly, after 2 days of administration of 8mg dexamethasone, the mouth was reduced from a mean of 50.3±7.32 mm to 35.93±2.50 mm. Genders have no effect on mouth opening after dexamethasone use. Age has an effect on the reduction of mouth opening after dexamethasone use. the mean reduction of maximum mouth opening(trismus) was less after giving 8 mg of dexamethasone than 4mg dexamethasone statistically significantly.
Conclusion:
The use of 8 mg dexamethasone is found to be more effective in decreasing postoperative trismus in patient having third molar surgery as compare to 4mg dexamethasone.
MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION OF PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD INSERTION
Authors: Falak Naz  , Zainab Rehman  , Shazia Iftikhar  , Waqar Ahmed  , Parkha Rehman  , Saeeda BiBi  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To relate and appraise the morphological variationsof placenta and umbilical cord in normal pregnancy.
Materials and Methods:
The study included 100 placentas which were collected from GovernmentMaternity Hospital Hashtnagri and studied in the Anatomy department of Khyber Medical CollegePeshawar over one month duration. The morphological variations of placenta, like shape, weightand attachment of umbilical cord were noted and photographed.
Results:
In our study, we observed round placentas in 91 cases (91%), oval placentas in 5 cases(5%), irregular placentas in 3 cases (3%), and bilobed placenta in 1 case (1%), respectively. Normal cord insertion was found in 75% and abnormal insertion in 25% of cases respectively. The mean placental weight was 509.5g (normal weight ranges between 400 to 650gs).
Conclusion:
In the present study, the majority of the placentas presented with round shape,few placentae with oval and irregular shape or with an accessory lobe. The existing study alsoincluded variations in insertion of umbilical cords which was eccentric in majority of the casesfollowed by central and marginal insertion.
UNKNOWN PRIMARY CARCINOMA HEAD & NECK- INCIDENCE IN METASTATIC CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Muhammad Junaid  , Altaf Hussain  , Muhammad Khalid  , Muhammad Umair  , Imran Khan  , Imran Khan  , Hasan Shafi  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To find the incidence of unknown primary carcinoma head & neck in patients presenting with metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy.
Materials & Methods:This case-control study was conducted at the Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The duration of the study was three years from April 2013 to April 2016. A total of 86 patients were included in the study. Detailed history, examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, endoscopies and biopsies of patients included in the study were performed. The frequency of patients with no primary lesion was noted.
Results: 86 cases were included in our study. Obvious lesions were found in 67.4% patients, while in 32.5%, no primary lesion was found after complete workup. Nasopharynx was the most frequent primary site involved. Level II nodes were the most frequent neck nodes involved. 7% of patients remained undiagnosed after complete workup.
Conclusion: The incidence of unknown primary carcinoma was found to be seven percent among the patients who presented with metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy.
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND RISK FACTORS IN BELOW FOURTY YEAR URBAN SLUM POPULATION OF PESHAWAR
Authors: Anwar Khan wazir  , M. Hamayun  , Aijaz Hussain Menon  , M Saeed Khan  , Mahan Rehman  , Sajjad Mohammad  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus in under 40 year population of urban slums of Peshawar.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was done in urban slums of Peshawar city. Simple random sampling was done a total of 700 samples were collected. Those below ages of 40 years and willing to participate were included and physical and mentally handicap were excluded from the study population. Information on socio-demographic variables and behavioural risk factors, such as smoking and physical exercise were obtained by using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SSPS version 20.
Results: 15% (105) of the respondent were diabetic. 61(15.7%) were males and 44(14.1%) were female who was diabetic. A positive association was found with age, family history, obesity, and hypertension.
Conclusion: Diabetes is prevalent in urban slums and measures are needed to introduce an early screening test at the community level and nutritional awareness program to be started in schools.
AN OVERVIEW OF DECAYED MISSING FILLED TEETH (DMFT) IN PATIENTS REPORTING TO A HEALTH FACILITY AT SWAT
Authors: Hamza Afzal Khattak  , Mian Burhan Rashid  , Quratulain  , Inayat Ali Haq  , Muhammad Afzal Khattak  , Abdul Hameed  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index of the patients visiting a single healthcare facility at Swat.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Swat Medical Complex, Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan, from June 2018 till September 2018. A sample of 125 patients was taken for this study using non-probability convenient sampling technique. After taking informed consent, a pre-designed performa was used to extract data based on examination. Data was tested using SPSS v.21.0, descriptive stats were applied for numerical and categorical variables. Relationship was measured using Chi-Square.
Results: Mean age of 125 patients was 28.83±17.38 years, having males 81.6% and females 18.4%. Occupationally, students were in high frequency with 36%, followed by laborers with 24%. The mean for decayed teeth (DT) was 1.60 ± 1.91, missing teeth (MT) 2.14 ± 4.48 and filled teeth (FT) was 0.38 ± 1.11, while overall mean of DMFT was 4.11 ± 4.94. In decayed, missing and filled status of these patients about, 51 (40.8%), 61 (48.8%) and 100 (80%) of patients had no DMFT respectively. Post cross tabulation chi-square revealed significant relationship between gender and major occupation of the person with DMFT.
Conclusion: This study from a single health care setting concluded a high DMFT index, having more males of middle age group than females. The study further concluded more DT patients than FT.
FREQUENCY OF DENTAL ATTRITION AND COMMON ORO-DENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Muhammad Younas  , Sadiq Jameel  , Aamir Hameed  , Farooq Taj  , Mumtaz ul Islam  , Faheemullah  
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the frequency of dental attrition and common oro-dental factors leading to it. Study Design Descriptive (cross-sectional) Study. Setting: Oral medicine Prosthodontics Department, Peshawar dental college. Period: 10th December 2017 to 16th July 2019. Materials & Methods: A total of 189 patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 0.95. The average age of the patients was 46.49 years ±6.93 (SD) with a range of 35-70 years. Dental attrition was seen in 66 (34.9%) patients.
Results: The most common cause was bruxism which was observed in 44 (23.3%) patients followed by Kennedy Class 1 partially dentate state in 36 (19.0%), clenching in 25 (13.2%) and unacceptable vertical overlap in 25 (13.2%) patients.
Conclusion: Irrespective of the extent dental attrition was a common finding in 35% patients. Bruxism is the most common cause of dental attrition, which is to be considered in management of such patients.
NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR EVALUATION OF TOOTH WIDTHS IN PATIENTS WITH MISSING OR PEG-SHAPED MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISORS: QUADRANT ANALYSIS
Authors: Ghulam Rasool  , Ahsan Mehmood Shah  , Wardah Maryam  , Sajjad Ahmad  , Farhad Ali  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare the mesiodistal widths of teeth having missing lateral or peg lateral with the control side and control set of dentition.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Khyber college of dentistry from January 2019 to April 2019. 60 individuals were selected 24 males and 36 females were selected. The mesiodistal width of teeth in quardarants having missing lateral incisors or having peg shape lateral were included and compared with the control set of dentition, consective sampling technique was used using SPSS version 22.
Results: maxillary central incisor shows statistically non-significant difference in the mesiodistal width as compared with the control groups of having mesiodistal width of 8.5mm. canine shows statistically significant difference in mesiodistal width when compare with the control groups of having mesiodistal width of 7.5mm. premolars and molars also shows statistically significant difference in mesiodistal widths when compared with the control groups of having mesiodistal width 7mm and 10mm, respectively.
Conclusion:in Patients having missing or peg shape lateral incisor the mesiodistal width of the dentition is narrower than the control subjects so in quadarant analysis will be more helpful in determining treatment stratagies as compared to the conventional tooth analysis method.
FREQUENCY OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS IN PATIENTS VISITING DENTAL OPD OF SMDC COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
Authors: Aneesa Mahreen  , Amna Nauman Khan  , Aamer Iqbal  , Uzair Bin Akhtar  , Aneela Amjad  , Nauman Rauf Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective: The main objective of study was to determine the incidence of reversible and irreversible pulpitis in patients coming for dental check-up in out-door patient department of College of Dentistry, SMDC.
Materials and Methods: About 443 patients were examined in dental OPD and data was collected on basis of especially designed questionnaire. All clinical findings, radiographical interpretations and objective pulpal testing were included within the patient assessment. The data was coded and entered into SPSS 20 for data analysis.
Results: Among 443 patients 304 patients were assessed for pulpal disease. (females 149, males 155). Total teeth examined were 1055 both clinically and radiographically for pulpitis and seen to be more common in males as compared to females with mandibular posteriors affected more. Irreversible pulpitis seen to be more common in females and caries being the number one cause of the disease. Pulpitis was seen to be significantly related with age p = 0.029.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment can reversal the condition and improve the oral health status preventing premature extractions and root canals and prosthesis applications.
FREQUENCY OF COMMON CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN WITH UTERINE FIBROID
Authors: TAYYABA AZIM  , RUKHSANA KARIM  , SHAHNAZ JABEEN  , SAIMA AYUB  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To study the frequency of common clinical symptoms in women with uterine fibroid
Materials and Methods:All women between 20-50 years age attending Gynae OPD, Hayatabad Medical Complex, with the ultrasound diagnosis of fibroid uterus were selected for the study. These patients were then asked questions regarding different symptoms of fibroid for example heavy menstrual bleeding, mass abdomen, and subfertility. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 128 women were included in this descriptive study. Maximum number of cases 40.6% were in the age group 20-30 years, 38.3% cases were in 31-40 years and 21.1% were in 41-50 years. About 37.5% women were multiparous and 31.2% were nulliparous. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the commonest clinical symptom seen in 68% women. Abdomino-pelvic mass was seen in 38.8% women and 18.8% women presented with subfertility.
Conclusion: Fibroid occur most commonly in multi and grand multi parous women. Heavy menstrual bleeding is the most common (68%) symptom associated with fibroid uterus followed by abdominopelvic mass (38.8%).
EFFECT OF6-HYDROXYFLAVONE ONCISPLATININDUCED HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SPRAGUE-DAWELY RATS
Authors: Zia Ud Din  , Shazia Iftikhar  , Zainab Rehman  , Muhammad Harris  , Sadaf Ambreen  , Munila Shabnum Khattak  , Muhammad Shahid  , Rahimullah  , Sobia Haris  
Published: July 2023

Objective: Chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin benefits cancer patients by decreasing metastasis, relapse and increase the overall survivability.The clinical effectiveness of these beneficial chemotherapeutics is greatly limited by occurrence of side-effects including hepatotoxicity. Flavonoids possess potent hepatoprotective effects and exhibit antioxidant property. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of the flavonoid, 6-hydroxyflavone was investigated against cisplatin induced liver damage in rats.
Materials & Methods: 6-Hydroxyflavone (25 and 50 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg)were administered for 14 days and hepatotoxicity was induced by a single injection of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) on the 10th day of experiment. The liver tissues were examined for histopathologicalandbiochemical changes.
Results: Cisplatin produced histopathological changes of sinusoidal dilatation and steatosis and elevated the serumalanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels. Cisplatin generated oxidative stress in the liver which was observed from significant increase lipid peroxidation and reduction in the level of antioxidant mechanisms of glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Administration of6-hydroxyflavone and silymarin protected the liver from cisplatin-induced degenerative changes and reduced the escalated levels of biochemical parameters. These protective doses also significantly inhibited the generation of oxidative stress as significant attenuation of lipid peroxidation and an increase in the antioxidant status were observed in the cisplatin-injected animals.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that 6-hydroxyflavonehas prospective hepatoprotective effect mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress in the hepatocytes and thus can be considered when treating cancer patients with chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN AQIDAH AKHLAK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INTERACTION
Authors: Septiana Nanda 
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on the formation of student religious character in the subjects of Aqidah Morals using a direct interaction learning model. This research method uses qualitative research with the type of classroom action research (CAR). The techniques used in the data collection procedure are interviews, tests, observations, and documentation.
The results of this study indicate that in the first cycle, the percentage of students' completeness is 60%. This proves that there is an increase in the percentage of student learning mastery from 45% in the pre-cycle to 60% in the first cycle. However, the percentage of student learning mastery in the first cycle has not reached the target of 76%, so the research continues to cycle II with see important notes that still need to be reflected again for the next lesson. Constraints in the first cycle were corrected in the second cycle so that the learning mastery in the second cycle increased, indicated by the percentage of students' completeness in the second cycle reaching 85%. This shows that there was an increase of 45% from the pre-cycle to 60% in the first cycle and increased again to 85% in the second cycle. Based on the results of the research obtained by students in the pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II, it can be seen that the Direct Instruction Model can improve learning outcomes for Class IV students at MI Miftahul Hidayah Poreh Lenteng Sumenep for despicable and commendable behavior.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN STAD (STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN AQIDAH AKHLAK KELAS V MI AL MARHAMAH JABUNG
Authors: Firdausi Rofiqoh , Fatkhul Zainudin  
Published: July 2023

The low learning outcomes of students in the subjects of Akidah morality class V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Marhamah Jabung. Many factors that researchers encountered in the learning process that affect activities and learning outcomes such as the lack of teachers in preparing learning methods. To overcome this problem, the researcher applies the STAD type cooperative learning method (student team achievement division) with the hope that student learning outcomes will increase. The formulation of the research problem is: Can the application of the Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) Cooperative Learning method improve learning outcomes in Aqidah Akhlaq subjects, the subject of Praiseworthy Morals, for fifth grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Marhamah Gunung Kunci Jabung? Meanwhile, the goal is to improve the learning outcomes of fifth graders through the STAD type cooperative learning method (student team achievement division). The subject matter of Akidah Akhlaq is the subject of Praiseworthy Morals for fifth grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Marhamah Gunung Kunci Jabung.
ANALISIS REALISASI PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH
Authors: Asteria Beta 
Published: July 2023

Abstraksi.
Penelitian ini tentang analisis pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto (PDRB) dan Jumlah penduduk, secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap Realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Analsis data dengan menggunakan regresi linear. Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik sampel jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Sedangkan Jumlah penduduk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan Jumlah Penduduk secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap Realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Adapun keterbatasan penelitian, dari hasil output SPSS diperoleh Adj R2 sebesar 0,661 atau 66,10 persen. Artinya variabilitas Realisasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dapat dijelaskan oleh model hanya sebesar 66,10 persen sisanya sebesar 33,90 dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya diluar model penelitian.
LOYALITAS KARYAWAN DITINJAU DARI PENGEMBANGAN KARIR, KOMPENSASI DAN STRES KERJA
Authors: Mahmudah Siti , Indriastuti Ariyani , Susetyarsi Theresia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract.
This research objective to analyze the factors that affect employee loyalty.
The results showed that career development has a significant positive effect on employee loyalty, compensation has a significant positive effect on employee loyalty, job stress has a significant negative effect on employee loyalty.