bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infinite Time Blow-Up Solutions to the Energy Critical Wave Maps Equation
Authors: Pillai Mohandas 
Published: April 2023

We consider the wave maps problem with domain

R

2
+
1

\mathbb {R}^{2+1}

and target

S

2

\mathbb {S}^{2}

in the 1-equivariant, topological degree one setting. In this setting, we recall that the soliton is a harmonic map from

R

2

\mathbb {R}^{2}

to

S

2

\mathbb {S}^{2}

, with polar angle equal to

Q

1

(
r
)
=
2
arctan
⁡
(
r
)

Q_{1}(r) = 2 \arctan (r)

. By applying the scaling symmetry of the equation,

Q

λ

(
r
)
=

Q

1

(
r
λ
)

Q_{\lambda }(r) = Q_{1}(r \lambda )

is also a harmonic map, and the family of all such

Q

λ

Q_{\lambda }

are the unique minimizers of the harmonic map energy among finite energy, 1-equivariant, topological degree one maps. In this work, we construct infinite time blowup solutions along the

Q

λ

Q_{\lambda }

family. More precisely, for

b
>
0

b>0

, and for all

λ

0
,
0
,
b

∈

C

∞

(
[
100
,
∞
)
)

\lambda _{0,0,b} \in C^{\infty }([100,\infty ))

satisfying, for some

C

l

,

C

m
,
k

>
0

C_{l}, C_{m,k}>0

,

C

l

log

b

⁡
(
t
)

≤

λ

0
,
0
,
b

(
t
)
≤

C

m

log

b

⁡
(
t
)

,

|

λ

0
,
0
,
b

(
k
)

(
t
)

|

≤

C

m
,
k

t

k

log

b
+
1

⁡
(
t
)

,
k
≥
1

t
≥
100

\begin{equation*} \frac {C_{l}}{\log ^{b}(t)} \leq \lambda _{0,0,b}(t) \leq \frac {C_{m}}{\log ^{b}(t)}, \quad |\lambda _{0,0,b}^{(k)}(t)| \leq \frac {C_{m,k}}{t^{k} \log ^{b+1}(t) }, k\geq 1 \quad t \geq 100 \end{equation*}

there exists a wave map with the following properties. If

u

b

u_{b}

denotes the polar angle of the wave map into

S

2

\mathbb {S}^{2}

, we have

u

b

(
t
,
r
)
=

Q

1

λ

b

(
t
)

(
r
)
+

v

2

(
t
,
r
)
+

v

e

(
t
,
r
)
,

t
≥

T

0

\begin{equation*} u_{b}(t,r) = Q_{\frac {1}{\lambda _{b}(t)}}(r) + v_{2}(t,r) + v_{e}(t,r), \quad t \geq T_{0} \end{equation*}

where

−

∂

t
t

v

2

+

∂

r
r

v

2

+

1
r

∂

r

v

2

−

v

2

r

2

=
0

\begin{equation*} -\partial _{tt}v_{2}+\partial _{rr}v_{2}+\frac {1}{r}\partial _{r}v_{2}-\frac {v_{2}}{r^{2}}=0 \end{equation*}

|

|

∂

t

(

Q

1

λ

b

(
t
)

+

v

e

)

|

|

L

2

(
r
d
r
)

2

+

|

|

v

e

r

|

|

L

2

(
r
d
r
)

2

+

|

|

∂

r

v

e

|

|

L

2

(
r
d
r
)

2

≤

C

t

2

log

2
b

⁡
(
t
)

,

t
≥

T

0

\begin{equation*} ||\partial _{t}(Q_{\frac {1}{\lambda _{b}(t)}}+v_{e})||_{L^{2}(r dr)}^{2}+||\frac {v_{e}}{r}||_{L^{2}(r dr)}^{2} + ||\partial _{r}v_{e}||_{L^{2}(r dr)}^{2} \leq \frac {C}{t^{2} \log ^{2b}(t)}, \quad t \geq T_{0} \end{equation*}

and

λ

b

(
t
)
=

λ

0
,
0
,
b

(
t
)
+
O

(

1

log

b

⁡
(
t
)

log
⁡
(
log
⁡
(
t
)
)

)

\begin{equation*} \lambda _{b}(t) = \lambda _{0,0,b}(t) + O\left (\frac {1}{\log ^{b}(t) \sqrt {\log (\log (t))}}\right ) \end{equation*}
Investigating the Efficacy of Modified Lipoaspirate Grafting to Improve the Appearance of Atrophic Acne Scars: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vingan Nicole R , Wamsley Christine E , Panton Jasmine A , Mangalagiri Deepti , Turer David , Akgul Yucel , Barillas Jennifer , Culver Abby , Kenkel Jeffrey M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Processed lipoaspirate grafting describes several techniques theorized to leverage the inflammatory and regenerative capacities of mechanically processed adipocytes to rejuvenate and correct skin pathology. Although lipoaspirate grafting is typically leveraged to fill visible defects such as depressed scars and dermal lines, additional fat processing allows grafts to stimulate mechanisms of wound healing, including the promotion of fibroblast activation, neovascularization, and neocollagenesis.

Objectives
This study intends to assess the efficacy and tolerability of processed lipoaspirate grafting monotherapy to improve the clinical appearance of atrophic acne scars.

Methods
Patients underwent a single autologous processed lipoaspirate grafting procedure at the site of atrophic acne scars. Objective and subjective scar analysis was performed at 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Scars were assessed with standard photography, topographic analysis, and noninvasive skin measurements. In addition, microbiopsies were obtained before and after treatment to assess histological or genetic changes. Clinical improvement was assessed with patient and clinician Global Aesthetic Improvement Scales (GAIS) and blinded photographic evaluation.

Results
Ten patients between ages 18 and 60 completed the study. Clinical evaluation demonstrated that fat grafting improved the appearance of atrophic acne scars. Clinician GAIS and patient GAIS scores showed clinical improvement at both 3- and 6-month follow-up compared with baseline (P &lt; .05). Blinded clinician GAIS scores also showed statistically significant improvement when clinicians compared clinical photographs taken at 6-month follow-up to baseline (P &lt; .0001). The attenuation coefficient increased at 6-month follow-up, suggesting collagen remodeling and reorganization over the study period. Patients experienced anticipated posttreatment symptoms including transient erythema and edema; however, no unexpected adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
Micronized lipoaspirate injection is a viable and effective option to improve the appearance of facial acne scarring. Favorable improvements in atrophic acne scarring were captured by objective analysis of skin ultrastructure as well as improvement in subjective assessments of scarring.

Level of Evidence: 4
Novel, Validated, 5-Point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of the Perioral Region
Authors: Hayano Windie , Kerscher Martina , Day Doris , Ogilvie Alexandra , Pavicic Tatjana , Lim Tingsong , Lorenc Paul Z , Hernandez Claudia , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Prinz Valentina , Mia Cajkovsky , Pooth Rainer , Green Jeremy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The use of validated scales is still considered the gold standard for evaluating the severity of an aesthetic facial condition.

Objectives
The aim of this investigation was to create and validate 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of perioral lines and marionette lines.

Methods
A medical team created 2 different novel 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of perioral lines and marionette lines. Eleven international raters were involved in the digital validation, and 4 raters performed a live validation.

Results
For the Croma Static Perioral Lines–Assessment Scale, the digital interrater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) in the first rating and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83-0.90) in the second rating. The digital intrarater ICCs were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92). In the live rating, the interrater ICCs were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.93) in the first rating and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.93) in the second rating with an intrarater ICC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95). For the Croma Marionette Lines–Assessment Scale, the digital rating interrater ICCs were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89) in the first rating and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90) in the second rating with an intrarater ICC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91). In the live rating, the interrater ICCs were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54-0.83) in the first rating and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.87) in the second rating with an intrarater ICC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83-0.94).

Conclusions
The Croma Static Perioral Lines–Assessment Scale and the Croma Marionette Lines–Assessment Scale have exceptional inter- and intrarater agreements that justify their use in clinical and study settings for all ethnic groups.

Level of Evidence: 5
Perioperative cerebral perfusion in aortic arch surgery: a potential link with neurological outcome
Authors: Weijs Ralf W J , Tromp Selma C , Heijmen Robin H , Seeber Antje A , van Belle-van Haaren Nicole J C W , Claassen Jurgen A H R , Thijssen Dick H J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine whether perioperative changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) relate to postoperative neurological deficits in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery involving antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (ASCP).

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed data from patients who underwent aortic arch surgery involving ASCP and perioperative transcranial Doppler assessments. Linear mixed-model analyses were performed to examine perioperative changes in mean bilateral blood velocity in the middle cerebral arteries, reflecting changes in CBF, and their relation with neurological deficits, i.e. ischaemic stroke and/or delirium. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore possible risk factors for postoperative neurological deficits.

RESULTS
In our study population (N = 102), intraoperative blood velocities were lower compared to preoperative levels, and lowest during ASCP. Thirty-six (35%) patients with postoperative neurological deficits (ischaemic stroke, n = 9; delirium, n = 25; both, n = 2) had lower blood velocity during ASCP compared to patients without (25.4 vs 37.0 cm/s; P = 0.002). Logistic regression analyses revealed lower blood velocity during ASCP as an independent risk factor for postoperative neurological deficits (odds ratio = 0.959; 95% confidence interval: 0.923, 0.997; P = 0.037).

CONCLUSIONS
Lower intraoperative CBF during ASCP seems independently related to postoperative neurological deficits in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery. Because CBF is a modifiable factor during ASCP, our observation has significant potential to improve clinical management and prevent neurological deficits.
Methods for retrospectively improving race/ethnicity data quality: a scoping review
Authors: Chin Matthew K , Đoàn Lan N , Russo Rienna G , Roberts Timothy , Persaud Sonia , Huang Emily , Fu Lauren , Kui Kiran Y , Kwon Simona C , Yi Stella S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Improving race and ethnicity (hereafter, race/ethnicity) data quality is imperative to ensure underserved populations are represented in data sets used to identify health disparities and inform health care policy. We performed a scoping review of methods that retrospectively improve race/ethnicity classification in secondary data sets. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases in July 2022. A total of 2 441 abstracts were dually screened, 453 full-text articles were reviewed, and 120 articles were included. Study characteristics were extracted and described in a narrative analysis. Six main method types for improving race/ethnicity data were identified: expert review (n = 9; 8%), name lists (n = 27, 23%), name algorithms (n = 55, 46%), machine learning (n = 14, 12%), data linkage (n = 9, 8%), and other (n = 6, 5%). The main racial/ethnic groups targeted for classification were Asian (n = 56, 47%) and White (n = 51, 43%). Some form of validation evaluation was included in 86 articles (72%). We discuss the strengths and limitations of different method types and potential harms of identified methods. Innovative methods are needed to better identify racial/ethnic subgroups and further validation studies. Accurately collecting and reporting disaggregated data by race/ethnicity are critical to address the systematic missingness of relevant demographic data that can erroneously guide policymaking and hinder the effectiveness of health care practices and intervention.
Continuity of care after attempted suicide: the primary care physicians’ role
Authors: Brill Jonathan , Zacay Galia , Raviv Gil , Tsamir Judith , Heymann Anthony D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Suicide prevention is an important public health concern, and primary care physicians (PCPs) often serve as the first point of contact for individuals at risk. Few interventions in the primary care setting have been linked to reduced suicide attempt (SA) rates. The Continuity of Care (COC) protocol was developed to improve the primary care treatment of high-risk suicidal patients.

Objectives
This study examined PCPs’ awareness of the COC protocol, its perceived effectiveness, and PCPs’ attitudes towards post-SA-discharge visits.

Methods
A survey was administered to 64 PCPs who had a recent office visit with a patient who had attempted suicide. Data were collected between May and July 2021 and analyzed anonymously.

Results
Thirty of the 64 PCPs answered the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 47%. Most were unaware of the COC protocol. Seventeen physicians (57%) felt that the visit strengthened their physician–patient relationship, and while nearly half of the physicians (47%, n = 14) agreed they had the knowledge and tools to manage a post-SA-discharge visit, 43% of them (n = 13) preferred that the visit would have been handled by a mental health professional rather than a PCP. Analysis of open-ended questions uncovered three themes: knowledge gap, system limitation, and the PCP’s role in maintaining the COC.

Conclusion
The findings of this study highlighted the important role PCPs can play to prevent future SAs, as well as exposed gaps in the knowledge and system constraints that impede them from carrying out this role as effectively as possible.
Three recent sex chromosome-to-autosome fusions in a Drosophila virilis strain with high satellite DNA content
Authors: Flynn Jullien M , Hu Kevin B , Clark Andrew G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The karyotype, or number and arrangement of chromosomes, has varying levels of stability across both evolution and disease. Karyotype changes often originate from DNA breaks near the centromeres of chromosomes, which generally contain long arrays of tandem repeats or satellite DNA. Drosophila virilis possesses among the highest relative satellite abundances of studied species, with almost half its genome composed of three related 7 bp satellites. We discovered a strain of D. virilis that we infer recently underwent three independent chromosome fusion events involving the X and Y chromosomes, in addition to one subsequent fission event. Here, we isolate and characterize the four different karyotypes we discovered in this strain which we believe demonstrates remarkable genome instability. We discovered that one of the substrains with an X-autosome fusion has an X-to-Y chromosome nondisjunction rate 20 × higher than the D. virilis reference strain (21% vs 1%). Finally, we found an overall higher rate of DNA breakage in the substrain with higher satellite DNA compared to a genetically similar substrain with less satellite DNA. This suggests that satellite DNA abundance may play a role in the risk of genome instability. Overall, we introduce a novel system consisting of a single strain with four different karyotypes, which we believe will be useful for future studies of genome instability, centromere function, and sex chromosome evolution.
Determining hydraulic diffusivity from ambient noise in subsurface flow rate and temperature data
Authors: Fulton Patrick M , Brodsky Emily E 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
Determining the properties that control fluid flow and pressure migration through rocks is essential for understanding groundwater, energy reservoirs and fault zones. However, direct measurements of these properties underground generally require expensive and invasive processes such as pumping large volumes of water in or out of the ground. These conventional methods may change the structure that they are trying to measure and do not resolve variations in space without complex, multiple experiments. Here, we capitalize on the existing, natural fluctuations of pore pressure, flow and temperature that are always present underground, likely driven by tides, seismic waves and other noise in the Earth. We develop the theoretical framework to utilize these noises to determine hydrogeologic structure. We begin with prior work demonstrating a connection between cross-correlation and Green's functions for diffusive processes and illustrate how the existing theory could be used specifically for the case of inferring hydraulic diffusivity from closely spaced observations of pore pressure. We extend the current theory to include a capability for inferring Green's functions from closely spaced flow rate measurements, rather than pore pressure data. We then note that closely spaced temperature measurements are much more practical as an observational system, however, diffusive transport is likely not the dominant cause of high-frequency fluctuations of temperature in the Earth. Advective transport is a more plausible controlling factor and thus we need to incorporate advection into the theory and model the corresponding response functions. We therefore develop a semi-analytical method that includes advection and numerically compute the corresponding response function. We use these synthetics to illustrate how cross-correlation of ambient noise in subsurface temperature measurements carries information about hydraulic structure and show that it is possible to constrain hydraulic diffusivity values from cross-correlation of closely spaced continuous temperature measurements. This new method opens up the possibility of passive determination of reservoir properties with high spatial resolution from closely spaced, continuous temperature data, which is a realistic deployment strategy that could be used in a wide variety of settings.
GrapevineXL reliably predicts multi-annual dynamics of vine water status, berry growth, and sugar accumulation in vineyards
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Zhu Junqi , van Leeuwen Cornelis , Dai Zhanwu , Gambetta Gregory A 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality. Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge. We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model, GrapevineXL, with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential (Ψxylem), berry dry weight (DW), fresh weight (FW), and sugar concentration per volume ([Sugar]) for a wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Franc) in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux, France. Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal Ψxylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW, FW, [Sugar] and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters. By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change, an advanced veraison (i.e. the onset of ripening) of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70% and 3.22%, clear increases of berry [Sugar] by 2.90% and 4.29%, and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years, respectively. Moreover, the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability. Overall, the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.
460 Integrating pharmacist independent prescribing in community pharmacy: investigating NHS Pharmacy First Plus using Normalization Process Theory
Authors: Karim L , McIntosh T , Pfleger D , Osprey A , Cunningham S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Limited evidence exists for independent prescribing in community pharmacy (CP) (1). In 2020 NHS Scotland launched NHS Pharmacy First Plus (PFP), aiming to facilitate access to pharmacist independent prescribers (PIPs) in CP, focusing on common clinical conditions.

Aim
To investigate, using Normalization Process Theory (NPT), the integration of PIPs in CP in the context of NHS PFP.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey of all 120 community pharmacists offering PFP in 13 Scottish NHS Health Boards. A ‘Think Aloud’ tested, pre-piloted questionnaire was developed using the NPT derived NoMAD tool (2) and including demographic and practice characteristic questions for contextualisation. This was disseminated via email with 3 reminders. Data exported from Online Surveys (JISC) to SPSS was analysed descriptively. Scale score statistics for each of the four NPT constructs (Table 1) were calculated through summation of item scores (5 = Strongly agree to 1 = Strongly disagree) for each respondent with scale item reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results
A 73% (88/120) response rate showed the majority were female (63%, 55/88), &lt;40 years old (51%, 45/88), had worked in CP for &gt;15 years (56%, 49/88) and qualified as a PIP &lt;5 years ago (59%, 52/88). 76% (67/88) indicated on average they consulted with patients under PFP &gt;6 times a week. 38% (33/88) indicated they had &lt;3 staff when offering PFP and 47% (41/88) indicated that they provided the service while working as the only pharmacist; 35% (25/71) had one other pharmacist. Generally, there were high levels of NoMAD item agreement with &gt;90% ‘strongly agreeing’ or ‘agreeing’ in items relating to ‘coherence’, ‘cognitive participation’ and ‘reflexive monitoring’. Responses to ‘collective action’ items showed diversity with more answering ‘neither agree nor disagree’ or ‘disagree’.

Conclusion
This theory-based work with an excellent response rate offers a robust and unique perspective on PIP integration within CP. The positivity could perhaps be expected from trailblazer respondents but it also highlights challenges within the ‘collective action’ construct and a need to focus on training, staff resource, working relationships and management. More work is planned on scale score inferential analysis and qualitative exploration of key findings.

References
1. Weeks G, George J, Maclure K et al. Non-medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and secondary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 11: CD011227
2. Finch, T.L., Girling, M., May, C.R. et al. Improving the normalization of complex interventions: part 2 - validation of the NoMAD instrument for assessing implementation work based on normalization process theory (NPT). BMC Med Res Methodol 18, 135 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0591-x]