bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combustion performance of lignite after efficient upgrading via deep eutectic solvent‐assisted hydrothermal dewatering
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Yu Yujie , Huang Rui , Yao Xianrui , Tang Yumu , He Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to increase the efficiency of hydrothermal dewatering (HD), a deep eutectic solvent (DES, synthesized by ChCl and ZnCl2) was employed to promote the removal of moisture and oxygen from lignite. The variation of physicochemical structure of upgraded coals greatly affected the combustion performance. The effects of addition amount of DES, upgrading temperature, and the molar ratio by ChCl and ZnCl2 on combustion performance of upgraded coals were analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis. Compared with HD lignite upgraded at 280°C, the combustion curves of DES‐HD lignite were shifted and delayed toward a higher temperature zone as DES additions increased. DES‐HD lignite had lower spontaneous combustion tendency and higher combustion reactivity. When upgrading temperature increased from 250 to 300°C, the combustion curves of lignite upgraded with 3.0‐g DES (ChCl:ZnCl2 = 1:1) first moved to the low‐temperature zone and then shifted to the high‐temperature zone. DES‐HD lignite maintained the advantages of raw coal in terms of combustion characteristics. For lignite upgraded with different molar ratios of ZnCl2 in DES, the difference in combustion behavior was mainly manifested in the burnout stage. The burnout stage was advanced slightly as the molar ratio of ZnCl2 increased.
Infinite‐dimensional extended state observer based stabilization for an ODE‐wave cascaded system with control matched disturbance
Authors: Mei Zhan‐Dong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the output feedback exponential stabilization for an ODE‐wave cascaded system with control matched disturbance at one end of the wave equation. We construct an infinite‐dimensional extended state observer to trace the state and estimate the total disturbance simultaneously. An estimated state and estimated total disturbance based output feedback control law is then designed. It is proved that the original system is exponentially stabilized and the whole closed‐loop system is bounded.
Visual processing in genetic conditions linked to autism: A behavioral study of binocular rivalry in individuals with 16p11.2 deletions and age‐matched controls
Authors: Choi Yeo Bi , Mentch Jeff , Haskins A. J. , Van Wicklin Caitlin , Robertson Caroline E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClose phenotypic characterization of individuals with genetic conditions linked to autism provides a promising approach to navigating the heterogeneity of autism spectrum conditions. The current study investigated sensory processing in individuals with a rare genetic event that is highly penetrant for autism, 16p11.2 deletions, using a well‐characterized visual paradigm, binocular rivalry, which is thought to be a non‐invasive index of excitatory/inhibitory balance in the visual cortex. We characterized rivalry dynamics in 45 adolescent and adult individuals (19 individuals with 16p11.2 deletions, 26 age‐matched neurotypical controls). We found that binocular rivalry perceptual transition rates were significantly slower for individuals with 16p11.2 deletions, relative to controls. Importantly, these results could not be accounted for by differences in motor response latencies or perceptual decision criteria, which were matched between groups. Results should be interpreted with caution given the unmatched psychometric features between groups, such as IQ. Future studies should study visual processing in other genetic groups linked to autism beyond 16p to understand the specificity of these findings. These results highlight the importance of characterizing sensory functions in individuals with genetic alterations associated with autism.
Awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors in a young ethnically diverse British population
Authors: Radu Cristina‐Alexandra , Matos de Melo Fernandes Nadia , Khalfe Sumaira , Stordal Britta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer does not cause many symptoms in the early stages, which is why the majority of cases are of advanced disease. Increasing awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms may lead to earlier diagnosis and improved outcomes.MethodsParticipants in Britain completed the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure by online survey (n = 459).ResultsOur participants were 75% female, 25% male and a young (27.89 ± 11.44 years) ethnically diverse population (40.3% White, 29.3% Asian and 18.0% Black). Individuals recalled 1.24 ± 1.30 symptoms, and recognised 5.96 ± 2.4 symptoms. We found higher levels of recall and recognition compared to previous research possibly due to using an online survey. Recognition was lowest for difficulty eating (39.4%) and persistently feeling full (38.7%). Males had slightly lower symptom recall and recognition than females. Participants incorrectly recalled an irregular menstrual cycle (22.4%) as an ovarian cancer symptom and 67% answered the age of incidence question incorrectly. Suggesting that participants incorrectly associate ovarian cancer as a disease of pre‐menopausal women.Individuals recalled 1.47 ± 1.20 risk factors, and recognised 6.1 ± 2.4 risk factors. Family history of ovarian cancer was recalled by 59% of participants. Recognition was lowest for in vitro fertilisation treatment (23.0%) and talcum powder in the genital area (23.0%). The generic cancer risk factors of alcohol (9.3%) and poor diet (8.8%) were recalled as specific ovarian cancer risk factors. 57.9% of participants incorrectly answered that there is an ovarian cancer screening programme. Suggesting confusion between ovarian and cervical cancer as participants also recalled cervical cancer risk factors of sexually transmitted diseases (6.3%) and human papillomavirus (1.5%). 29.7% of female participants would seek help for an ovarian cancer symptom within 1–2 days. Help seeking was higher in the Black and Asian ethnicities (44.4% and 45.0%; p = 0.018).ConclusionAwareness of ovarian cancer symptoms is low. Ovarian cancer awareness campaigns should include common misconceptions identified in this research.
New Rosane Diterpenoids and Their Analogs from Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata
Authors: Ding Kang , Zhang Ya‐Yao , Yang Ting , Lian Wen‐Wen , Xia Cong‐Yuan , Wang Wen‐Ping , Zhang Wei‐Ku , He Jun , Xu Jie‐Kun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata resulted in the isolation of three new rosane diterpenoids, euphebracteolatins C–E (1–3), along with fourteen known analogs (4–17). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Euphebracteolatin C (1) contains a C‐1/C‐10 double bond and a keto group at C‐7, and euphebracteolatins D and E (2–3) possess an aromatic ring‐A in their skeleton. The plausible biogenetic pathways of all the isolates were also proposed. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 9 showed selective cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 14.29 and 12.33 μM, respectively, and 2–3 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against three human cancer lines, with IC50 values ranging from 23.69 to 39.25 μM.
Effects of Epitranscriptomic RNA Modifications on the Catalytic Activity of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Replication Complex**
Authors: Apostle Alexander , Yin Yipeng , Chillar Komal , Eriyagama Adikari M. D. N. , Arneson Reed , Burke Emma , Fang Shiyue , Yuan Yinan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 causes individualized symptoms. Many reasons have been given. We propose that an individual's epitranscriptomic system could be responsible as well. The viral RNA genome can be subject to epitranscriptomic modifications, which can be different for different individuals, and thus epitranscriptomics can affect many events including RNA replication differently. In this context, we studied the effects of modifications including pseudouridine (Ψ), 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), N1‐methyladenosine (m1A) and N3‐methylcytosine (m3C) on the activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication complex (SC2RC). We found that Ψ, m5C, m6A and m3C had little effect, whereas m1A inhibited the enzyme. Both m1A and m3C disrupt canonical base pairing, but they had different effects. The fact that m1A inhibits SC2RC implies that the modification can be difficult to detect. This fact also implies that individuals with upregulated m1A including cancer, obesity and diabetes patients might have milder symptoms. However, this contradicts clinical observations. Relevant discussions are provided.
Brewers' spent grain from three styles of craft beer: Characterization and their rheological effects on wheat flour dough
Authors: Pereira de Freitas Fabio P. , Steel Caroline J. , Lannes Suzana Caetano da Silva 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo use the diversity of Brewers' spent grain (BSG) from craft beer as an ingredient of functional bread, it is required to characterize and know their effects on dough and breads. The present work investigated the physicochemical characteristics of BSG, and the farinograph effects of wheat flour substituted by Baltic Porter (BP), India Pale Ale (IPA), and Weiss (W) BSGs in amounts of 10%. Results were used for predicting the end‐use quality and bread‐making performance of wheat flour and wheat flour‐BSG blends. Reliability of prediction was verified by a baking test.FindingsBSG from barley malt beers BP and IPA were higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate content than barley/wheat malt W BSG. The heterogeneity of ground and sieved BSG was shown by pictures taken from microscopy images of endosperm, husk, and husk/endosperm particles varying in quantities, forms, and size. Water absorption of dough was slightly affected by W, while all dough containing BSG had the development time and stability lowered when compared with the control.ConclusionsThe prediction of bread‐making performance showed that, while control and BP reached the “bread quality” range, W and IPA scored under “bread quality” range because of their lower stability. On the baking test, specific volume of control, BP, and IPA breads were in agreement with their prediction. W bread, however, in disagreement with prediction, presented specific volume closer to the predicted as “bread quality” BP bread.Significance and NoveltyBeer style affected BSG composition and farinograph behavior of wheat flour dough‐BSG blends, with the stability being the determinant parameter on defining their end‐use and bread‐making quality. Significant correlations of lipid content in BSG were positive for development time and negative for tolerance index. There is no standard farinograph behavior of wheat flour‐BSG blends, with these effects being governed, beyond BSG composition, by protein content of wheat flour.
Neutral Monodentate and Hypervalent Chalcogen Bond Catalysis on the Intramolecular Rauhut‐Currier Reaction of Bis(enones): A DFT Study
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhao Chang , Li Xiaoyan , Shi Bo , Zeng Yanli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, the green and high efficient of chalcogen bond (ChB) catalysis has been aroused great interest. In this work, the ChB catalysis has been applied to the intramolecular Rauhut‐Currier (RC) reaction of bis(enones). The mechanism was divided into four processes: the promoter addition process, the carbon‐carbon bond coupling process, the hydrogen transfer process, and the promoter elimination process. This study shows that the ChB catalyst could act on the promoter and reactant in the RC reaction, respectively. And the path 2 of ChB catalyst direct acting on the reactant is considered to be a relatively favorable channel of the reaction due to a lower energy barrier. In addition, all six catalysts could achieve good catalytic effect. Analysis of the properties shows that the formation of chalcogen bond mainly promotes the charge transfer of LP(O)−BD*(C−Se) in the carbon‐carbon bond formation (key step), so that the charge of C(4) atom become more positive, thereby accelerating the reaction.
Fluorescein bromination – electrophilic aromatic substitution in electrochemical writing
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird ein neues Experiment vorgestellt, welches die Themenfelder „elektrophile aromatische Substitution“ sowie „elektrochemisches Schreiben“ miteinander verknüpft. Beim elektrochemischen Schreiben wird mit einer Elektrode auf Filterpapier geschrieben, das zuvor in einer Elektrolytlösung getränkt wurde [1]. Im vorgestellten Experiment werden Bromid‐Ionen an der Anode zu Brom zu oxidiert und dieses sofort mit Fluorescein zur Reaktion gebracht [2].
Concurrent immunotherapy and re‐irradiation utilizing stereotactic body radiotherapy for recurrent high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Mahase Sean S. , Roytman Michelle , Roth O'Brien Diana , Ivanidze Jana , Schwartz Theodore H. , Pannullo Susan C. , Ramakrishna Rohan , Magge Rajiv S. , Williams Nicholas , Fine Howard A. , Chiang Gloria Chia‐Yi , Knisely Jonathan P. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials evaluating immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in recurrent high‐grade gliomas (rHGG) report 7%–20% 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS), while re‐irradiation demonstrates 28%–39% 6‐month PFS.AimsWe evaluate outcomes of patients treated with ICI and concurrent re‐irradiation utilizing stereotactic body radiotherapy/fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SBRT) compared to ICI monotherapy.Methods and ResultsPatients ≥18‐years‐old with rHGG (WHO grade III and IV) receiving ICI + SBRT or ICI monotherapy between January 1, 2016 and January 1, 2019 were included. Adverse events, 6‐month PFS and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Log‐rank tests were used to evaluate PFS and OS. Histogram analyses of apparent diffusion coefficient maps and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance perfusion metrics were performed. Twenty‐one patients with rHGG (ICI + SBRT: 16; ICI: 5) were included. The ICI + SBRT and ICI groups received a mean 7.25 and 6.2 ICI cycles, respectively. There were five grade 1, one grade 2 and no grade 3–5 AEs in the ICI + SBRT group, and four grade 1 and no grade 2–5 AEs in the ICI group. Median PFS was 2.85 and 1 month for the ICI + SBRT and ICI groups; median OS was 7 and 6 months among ICI + SBRT and ICI groups, respectively. There were significant differences in pre and posttreatment tumor volume in the cohort (12.35 vs. 20.51; p = .03), but not between treatment groups.ConclusionsIn this heavily pretreated cohort, ICI with re‐irradiation utilizing SBRT was well tolerated. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate potential therapeutic benefits to re‐irradiation with ICI + SBRT in rHGG.
QoS‐based routing scheme in software‐defined networks using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Rezaei Hesam , Ghaffari Ali 
Published: February 2023

SummaryRecently, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its real‐time applications, the network is required to guarantee the differential quality of service (QoS) requirements of the various data flows (telemedicine, video, and live streaming) of various IoT services. Software‐defined network (SDN) as emerging network technology separates the control logic from data planes of networks and is a promising technique to guarantee the QoS requirements of different services. In SDN, the controller has global visibility of the whole network devices such as switches and routers. Hence, controllers can dynamically optimize QoS requirements and resources of the network. On the other hand, providing a QoS‐aware routing scheme is an important challenge. Hence, in this paper by capitalizing on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a new QoS‐aware routing method is proposed in SDNs. The proposed scheme considers the combination of different QoS criteria such as bandwidth, route length, reliability, and bit error rate for selecting an appropriate route between sender and receiver nodes. The simulation results indicated that the proposed method improves throughput and end‐to‐end delay. Comparison with other routing algorithms shows that the proposed method performs better load balancing under different network topologies.
Gut microbiota intervention strategies using active components from medicinal herbs to evaluate clinical efficacy of type 2 diabetes – A review
Authors: Patel Bharati Kadamb , Patel Kadamb Haribhai , Moochhala Shabbir M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a myriad of phytocomponents in various medicinal herbs, and some of these substances have low absolute oral bioavailability. There is a complex and nuanced interaction between metabolic profiles and gut microbiota that influences human health and illness. An important component of alternative and complementary health care is the use of medicinal herbs for therapeutic purposes. Expanding facets from numerous scientific discoveries mentioned the potential linkage between intestinal microbiota and the curative capabilities of beneficial components from medicinal herbs upon their recognition. There is a strong interaction between gut microbiota and host at the mucosal barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. This reinforces the notion that it is important to consider the effects of medicinal herbs in relation to gut flora and metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. There has been an explosion in the number of medicinal herbs coming into the spotlight with phytocomponents already recognised as having anti‐diabetic effects, such as increased insulin sensitivity and decreased blood sugar levels. The review sites' assertion that altering gastrointestinal microbial community by intervention tactics that modulate the gut microbiota by using phytocomponents from medicinal herbs with a major emphasis only on flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids may very well be relevant to T2DM rehabilitation may indeed be relevant. The goal of this review is to present an overview of the potential impacts of using medicinal herbs for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes by modifying the gut microbiota in a healthier manner. Based on the available scientific literature, in order to gain a deeper understanding of how to integrate specialised treatments that are based on intestinal bacteria into mainstream clinical practice, this review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, as well as more thoughtful strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota with medicinal herbs as an integral part of intervention strategies.
Using stable isotopes in hummingbird breath to estimate reliance on supplemental feeders
Authors: Wolf Nathan , Smeltz T. Scott , Cook Craig , Martinez del Rio Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological consequences of supplemental feeding to both hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate is complicated by logistical challenges associated with assessing relative dietary resource use with commonly applied observational methods. Here, we describe the results of research conducted to assess the relative use of feeder and flower nectar by Broad‐tailed (Selasphorus platycercus) and Rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) using two distinct methodological variations to measure the δ13C values of exhaled CO2. Because of the relatively quick time in which both species switch from exogenous to endogenous resources to fuel metabolism, our experiment allowed us to assess resource use at two timescales. Our results suggest variability in the relative contributions of the two dietary sources within and among species and timescales, with most birds employing a mixture of feeder and flower sugars as fuel sources. This diversity in relative resource use may mitigate potential negative effects of supplemental feeding on hummingbirds and their plant symbionts.
Metal‐Free, Light‐Mediated, Site‐Specific, Radical C6−H Alkylation of Purines with Alcohols Intervened by Oxalates without Catalysts
Authors: Liu Gang , Mu Xianfeng , Tian Miao , Wang Weili , Zou Chunhui , Chen Yiwen , Yu Mingwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the development of a radical deoxy‐functionalization strategy for the direct C−H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides with alcohols (1°, 2°, 3°) intervened by oxalates under 12 W blue LED irradiation. The reaction shows high regioselectivity at C6−H position of purine and is suitable for N9‐, N7‐substitued purines. The process accommodates purines and alcohols to deliver a wide range of products (31 examples) in 41–91 % yields, which avoids transition metal catalysts and organometallic reagents, and is not sensitive to moisture and air. Besides, the mild protocol displays broad functional groups tolerance and is easily up scalable to gram scale and can be used for late‐stage C−H alkylation of purine to synthesize pharmaceutical 6‐cyclopentyl nebularine with anti‐CEM activity or natural d‐menthol modification.
Preparation of tea tree oil nanoemulsion: Characterisation, antibacterial mechanism and evaluation of apoptosis
Authors: Han Rui , Wang Zixuan , Zhuansun Xiangxun , Gao Yuan , Li Yao , Liu Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTea tree oil (TTO) is a natural plant essential oil that has strong bactericidal properties and low toxicity. However, owing to its irritability, volatility, instability under light/oxygen and hydrophobicity, the application of TTO in pharmaceutical production technology and the food industry is limited. To overcome these problems, TTO nanoemulsions (TTONs) were prepared using a high‐speed shearing method. The mean droplets size of TTON was measured. TTON droplets were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and analysed using a Turbiscan scanning spectrum. The most suitable nanoemulsion formula was obtained as follows: TTO content, 10% (w/w); Tw‐40 content, 8% (w/w); deionised water content, 82% (w/w); shearing time, 5 minutes. The antibacterial effect of TTON was studied, and it was found that its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was more potent than that against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial mechanism of TTON was also investigated by observing bacterial morphology using scanning electron microscopy and testing the levels of bacterial reactive oxygen species. The effect of TTON on L‐02 cells was evaluated. The results showed that the cell survival rates of L‐02 cells treated with TTON at 0.05‐0.25 μg/μL were all >90%. At each concentration, the total apoptosis rate of L‐02 cells was <10%. These results indicated the high biocompatibility and biological safety of TTON. Therefore, the preparation of TTO into a nanoemulsion can improve its bioavailability, which has positive implications for further applications of TTO.
Nowcasting the state of the Italian economy: The role of financial markets
Authors: Ceci Donato , Silvestrini Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper compares several methods for constructing weekly nowcasts of recession probabilities in Italy, with a focus on the most recent period of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The common thread of these methods is that they use, in different ways, the information content provided by financial market data. In particular, a battery of probit models are estimated after extracting information from a large dataset of more than 130 financial market variables observed at a weekly frequency. The accuracy of these models is explored in a pseudo out‐of‐sample nowcasting exercise. The results demonstrate that nowcasts derived from probit models estimated on a large set of financial variables are, on average, more accurate than those delivered by standard probit models estimated on a single financial covariate, such as the slope of the yield curve. The proposed approach performs well even compared with probit models estimated on single time series of real economic activity variables, such as industrial production, business tendency survey data or composite PMI indicators. Overall, the financial indicators used in this paper can be easily updated as soon as new data become available on a weekly basis, thus providing reliable early estimates of the Italian business cycle.