bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face mask use to prevent COVID‐19 in clinical practice. Using a review of reviews to improve decision‐making and transparency
Authors: Purssell Edward , Gould Dinah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of transparency and scientific rigour in the development of clinical guidance. Rapid review methodologies were widely used in the development of guidance, and in the United Kingdom, COVID‐19 guidance was criticized for methodological inadequacy and erroneous conclusions.AimsTo summarize the evidence looking at the use of face masks to prevent COVID‐19 infection in clinical practice areas, and to show how this can be used in decision‐making.DesignOverview of systematic reviews.MethodSystematic reviews which included meta‐analyses were sought, and data on the protective effect of face masks on COVID‐19 transmission were extracted. A total of 15 papers yielded 44 effect sizes suitable for quantitative presentation, which showed wide variation in effect depending on the outcome and intervention chosen.ConclusionsGuideline development groups need to take care to choose outcomes that are of most importance to those who are the target of guidance. Quantification of the protective effect of interventions such as different types of face mask will help nurses and others decide on the utility of their use, alongside consideration of the other factors that go into informing clinical recommendations.Implications for Patient Care and the ProfessionCOVID‐19 has been an unprecedented public health issue, but much clinical guidance was lacking in transparency. Nurses and other healthcare professionals have often expressed a lack of confidence in guidance. Systematic reviews reported a wide range of effect sizes. However, there was a high degree of indirectness and heterogeneity in methods and findings. To produce transparent guidance, those for whom guidance is intended should have evidence of effect where this is available.ImpactGuideline authors should reflect these outcomes in their recommendations, clearly balancing both the benefits and harms of recommending face masks to prevent COVID‐19.
Carry‐over effect of single media exposure and mass‐mediated contact with remote outgroups: From asylum seekers in Europe to an Israeli local outgroup
Authors: Lissitsa Sabina , Kushnirovich Nonna , Steinfeld Nili 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research investigated the effects of a single exposure to media content of a distinct valence and mass‐mediated contact with a distant minority outgroup on feelings/attitudes toward a local outgroup. Experimental Study 1 was conducted among 314 Israeli Jews. The findings of Study 1 showed the effects of a single exposure to positive and negative media items about asylum seekers in Europe on perceived threats posed by them. In this study we did not find a carry‐over effect of single‐exposure to a media item about asylum seekers in Europe on feelings toward the local outgroup—asylum seekers in Israel. Study 2 was conducted through an online survey among 1039 Israeli Jews. It showed the effect of recurring mass‐mediated contact with asylum seekers in Europe on perceived threats posed by them. Both Study 1 and Study 2 found carry‐over effects of realistic and symbolic threats from asylum seekers in Europe on feelings/attitudes toward asylum seekers in Israel. The findings of Study 2 also showed a carry‐over effect of positive mass‐mediated contact with a distant outgroup on attitudes toward a local outgroup. Based on the findings, we conclude that the positive media framing of distant outgroups may promote tolerance and acceptance of local outgroups.
Neonatal retrievals from a regional centre: Outcomes, missed opportunities and barriers to back transfer
Authors: Tankala Ravi , Huang Lee , Hiskens Matthew , Vangaveti Venkat , Kandasamy Yoga , Hariharan Gopakumar 
Published: February 2023

AimHigh‐risk neonates are retrieved from regional centres to tertiary neonatal units when the required care of the baby exceeds the clinical capabilities of the birthing facility. However, there is limited research on the outcomes of neonatal retrievals from regional special care centres and the barriers to back transfer of neonates from a tertiary centre are not well established. This study aimed to review the outcome of neonatal retrievals >32 weeks gestation from a regional referral centre. The study also aimed to determine missed opportunities for providing care at the regional centre and evaluate patient back transfer delays.MethodsAll neonates transferred to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in North Queensland over the 5‐year period January 2016 to December 2020 from a regional neonatal centre were retrospectively reviewed from the electronic medical records.ResultsFifty neonates transferred to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit over the study period were identified. Between 2016 and 2020, the number of neonatal retrievals increased (P = 0.021). Out of the 50 neonatal retrievals, 86% were for medical reasons. Overall, eight neonates were identified as missed opportunities whose care could have been maintained at the regional centre with support from the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. In total, 16 neonates were affected by a delay in back transfer.ConclusionsThis study shows a significant increase in retrievals to tertiary neonatal intensive care unit over the study period. Increasing bed capacity, utilising telehealth and recruiting regional special care nursery staff could improve outcomes and reduce strain on tertiary neonatal resources.
Continuous positive airway pressure as an accurate marker for non‐24‐hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder
Authors: Bazin Balthazar , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Benzaquen Hélène , Maruani Julia , Romier Alix , Lejoyeux Michel , D'ortho Marie‐Pia , Frija‐Masson Justine 
Published: February 2023

SummaryNon‐24‐h sleep–wake rhythm disorder is quite rare in sighted patients and frequently associated with psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a 46‐year‐old man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and agoraphobia who had been referred for a suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Polysomnography and arterial blood gas confirmed moderate OSAS associated with hypoventilation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was started on fixed mode with excellent results. At follow‐up, his CPAP report data revealed an irregular sleep–wake rhythm with a progressive offset of sleep schedule and wake time delayed from 1 h from day to day. Melatonin (or agonist) is efficacious and safe for long‐term treatment in ASD and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder (CRSWD) with light therapy and wakefulness promoting medication. This case underlines the importance to sensitise psychiatrists to sleep and CRSWD, and also that CPAP data offer a possible objective alternative to sleep diary.
Clinical features of muscle stiffness in 37 dogs with concurrent naturally occurring hypercortisolism
Authors: Golinelli Stefania , Fracassi Federico , Bianchi Ezio , Pöppl Álan Gomes , Miceli Diego Daniel , Benedicenti Leontine , De Marco Viviani , Cook Audrey K. , Espada Castro Laura , Ramsey Ian , Seo Kyoung Won , Cantile Carlo , Gandini Gualtiero , Hulsebosch Sean E. , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere muscle stiffness (SMS) in dogs with hypercortisolism (HC) is uncommon.ObjectivesTo evaluate signalment, presentation, treatments, and long‐term outcomes of dogs with concurrent HC and SMS.AnimalsThirty‐seven dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs with HC and concurrent SMS were recruited from 10 institutions. Clinical information, test results, therapeutic responses, and survival times were reviewed.ResultsAll 37 dogs with HC and SMS had pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism (PDH); 36/37 weighed <20 kg. Signs and test results were typical of PDH aside from SMS, initially diagnosed in all 4 limbs in 9, pelvic limbs of 22, and thoracic limbs of 6 dogs. Hypercortisolism and SMS were diagnosed together in 3 dogs; HC 1‐36 months before SMS in 23; SMS 1‐12 months before HC in 11. Mitotane or trilostane, given to control HC in 36/37 dogs, improved or resolved HC signs in 28; SMS did not resolve, remaining static or worsening in 31/36 dogs, mildly improving in 5/19 dogs given additional therapies. Progression of SMS included additional limbs in 10 dogs and the masticatory muscles of 2. The median survival time from diagnosis of SMS was 965 days (range, 8‐1188).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConcurrent SMS and HC is uncommon, possibly affecting only dogs with PDH. Development of SMS might occur before or after diagnosis of HC. Apart from SMS, the clinical picture and survival time of these dogs seem indistinguishable from those of dogs with HC in general. However, while muscle weakness usually resolves with HC treatment SMS does not.
Environment and shipping drive environmental DNA beta‐diversity among commercial ports
Authors: Andrés Jose , Czechowski Paul , Grey Erin , Saebi Mandana , Andres Kara , Brown Christopher , Chawla Nitesh , Corbett James J. , Brys Rein , Cassey Phillip , Correa Nancy , Deveney Marty R. , Egan Scott P. , Fisher Joshua P. , vanden Hooff Rian , Knapp Charles R. , Leong Sandric Chee Yew , Neilson Brian J. , Paolucci Esteban M. , Pfrender Michael E. , Pochardt Meredith R. , Prowse Thomas A. A. , Rumrill Steven S. , Scianni Chris , Sylvester Francisco , Tamburri Mario N. , Therriault Thomas W. , Yeo Darren C. J. , Lodge David M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe spread of nonindigenous species by shipping is a large and growing global problem that harms coastal ecosystems and economies and may blur coastal biogeographical patterns. This study coupled eukaryotic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with dissimilarity regression to test the hypothesis that ship‐borne species spread homogenizes port communities. We first collected and metabarcoded water samples from ports in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. We then calculated community dissimilarities between port pairs and tested for effects of environmental dissimilarity, biogeographical region and four alternative measures of ship‐borne species transport risk. We predicted that higher shipping between ports would decrease community dissimilarity, that the effect of shipping would be small compared to that of environment dissimilarity and shared biogeography, and that more complex shipping risk metrics (which account for ballast water and stepping‐stone spread) would perform better. Consistent with our hypotheses, community dissimilarities increased significantly with environmental dissimilarity and, to a lesser extent, decreased with ship‐borne species transport risks, particularly if the ports had similar environments and stepping‐stone risks were considered. Unexpectedly, we found no clear effect of shared biogeography, and that risk metrics incorporating estimates of ballast discharge did not offer more explanatory power than simpler traffic‐based risks. Overall, we found that shipping homogenizes eukaryotic communities between ports in predictable ways, which could inform improvements in invasive species policy and management. We demonstrated the usefulness of eDNA metabarcoding and dissimilarity regression for disentangling the drivers of large‐scale biodiversity patterns. We conclude by outlining logistical considerations and recommendations for future studies using this approach.
A standardised protocol for blood and cerebrospinal fluid collection and processing for biomarker research in ataxia
Authors: Santana Magda M. , Gaspar Laetitia S. , Pinto Maria M. , Silva Patrick , Adão Diana , Pereira Dina , Ribeiro Joana Afonso , Cunha Inês , Huebener‐Schmid Jeannette , Raposo Mafalda , Ferreira Ana F. , Faber Jennifer , Kuhs Sandra , Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Reetz Kathrin , Thieme Andreas , Infante Jon , van de Warrenburg Bart P. C. , Giunti Paola , Riess Olaf , Schöls Ludger , Lima Manuela , Klockgether Thomas , Januário Cristina , de Almeida Luís Pereira ,   European Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado‐Joseph Disease Initiative Study Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe European Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado‐Joseph Disease Initiative (ESMI) is a consortium established with the ambition to set up the largest European longitudinal trial‐ready cohort of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado‐Joseph Disease (SCA3/MJD), the most common autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. A major focus of ESMI has been the identification of SCA3/MJD biomarkers to enable future interventional studies. As biosample collection and processing variables significantly impact the outcomes of biomarkers studies, biosampling procedures standardisation was done previously to study visit initiation. Here, we describe the ESMI consensus biosampling protocol, developed within the scope of ESMI, that ultimately might be translated to other neurodegenerative disorders, particularly ataxias, being the first step to protocol harmonisation in the field.
Haste Makes No Waste: Positive Peer Effects of Classroom Speed Competition on Learning
Authors: Kawarazaki Hikaru , Mahmud Minhaj , Sawada Yasuyuki , Seki Mai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of speed competition in classrooms on young pupils' learning outcomes. To examine how faster peers' speed affects slower pupils' speed and learning, we employ students' daily progress data in a self‐learning programme at BRAC primary schools in Bangladesh. The programme's unique setting allows us to address the reflection problem reasonably well. While speed competition could generate negative consequences, our results show overall positive peer effects on problem‐solving time and scores. The effects are stronger among peers with similar abilities, without negatively affecting others. Our results show efficiency gains from non‐market competition in education and learning.
Interaction between hypertension and periodontitis
Authors: Ozmeric Nurdan , Elgun Serenay , Kalfaoglu Duygu , Pervane Beste , Sungur Çağlar , Ergüder İmge , Yavuz Yasemin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe possible association between hypertension and periodontitis and the effect of hypertension on periodontal treatment were investigated by evaluating salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin (IL)‐6 and C reactive protein (CRP) levels.MethodsForty‐two healthy individuals without any previously diagnosed systemic disease [10 periodontally healthy (control) and 10 periodontitis (CP)] and subjects with hypertension [13 periodontally healthy (HP) and 9 with periodontitis (CP + HP)] participated in the study. GCF and saliva samples were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks after Phase I periodontal treatment. Biochemical parameters were analyzed using ELISA.ResultsBefore the periodontal treatment, significantly higher GCF IL‐6 and CRP levels were detected in CP + HP and CP groups compared to HP and control groups (p < 0.01). Salivary CRP level in CP + HP group was found to be higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant gingival and plaque index measurements (p < 0.01) might suggest a possible effect of hypertension on periodontal status. Periodontal treatment significantly improved the clinical indices; however, biochemical parameters did not change after the treatment.ConclusionThe association of hypertension with periodontitis through local salivary and GCF inflammatory mediators might be possible in disease process.
A Preliminary Study on the Morphological Changes of an NiTi‐Shaped Memory Alloy Stent in the Vertebral Body
Authors: Qiaoling Li , Zhiwei Ren , Bobo Zhang , Yimin Yang 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAt present, the most commonly used filler polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has the disadvantages of monomer toxicity, heat and leakage, and cannot be applied in young people. Therefore, finding a minimally invasive and good tissue‐compatible alternative material has been a research hotspot in spine surgery in recent years. The aim of this study is to explore whether the memory alloy stent can avoid the complications of bone cement or not.MethodsFour non‐adjacent vertebral bodies of the thoracic and lumbar spine in the 18 10‐month‐old pigs were selected as the surgical site and were randomly divided into the scaffold group and the bone cement group. The memory alloy scaffold and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) bone cement were placed via percutaneous puncture, and intraoperative fluoroscopy and micro‐CT were used to observe the changes in the height of scaffolds and bone cement in the vertebral body immediately, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after operation, the microstructural parameters of the bone trabeculae (bone volume fraction, bone surface volume ratio, bone trabeculae number) were also measured.ResultsThe memory alloy stent could expand in the vertebral body, and its height gradually increased with time; additionally, the height of the bone cement mass did not change with time (p = 0.00). New bone trabeculae could grow into the scaffold along the gap, and the volume fraction of bone, the volume ratio of bone surface area, and the number of bone trabeculae increased gradually (p = 0.00). However, the volume fraction of bone, the volume ratio of bone surface area, and the number of trabeculae in the cement block decreased gradually (p = 0.00).ConclusionsMemory alloy scaffolds have dynamic expansion characteristics in vivo, which can effectively avoid the complications of bone cement. Thus, it is beneficial to explore this minimally invasive treatment for vertebral compression fractures.
Wound‐induced triacylglycerol biosynthesis is jasmonoy‐l‐isoleucin and abscisic acid independent
Authors: Lewandowska M. , Zienkiewicz A. , Feussner K. , König S. , Kunst L. , Feussner I. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Triacylglycerol (TAG) plays a significant role during plant stress – it maintains lipid homeostasis. Upon wounding plants accumulate TAG, likely as a storage form of fatty acids (FAs) that originate from damaged membranes. This study asked if this process depends on the two phytohormones jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and abscisic acid (ABA), which are involved in wound signalling.

To analyse regulation of wound‐induced TAG accumulation, we used mutants deficient in JA‐Ile, with reduced ABA and the myb96 mutant, which is deficient in an ABA‐dependent transcription factor. The expression of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis, and TAG content after wounding were analysed via LC–MS and GC‐FID, plastidial lipid content in all mentioned mutant lines was also determined. The localization of newly synthesized TAG was investigated using lipid droplet staining.

TAG accumulation upon wounding was confirmed as well as the fact that the newly synthesized TAG are mostly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nevertheless, all tested mutant lines were able to accumulate TAG similar to the WT. We observed differences in reduction of plastidial lipids – in WT plants this was higher than in mutant lines. Newly synthesized TAGs were stored in lipid droplets at and around the wounded area.

Our results show that TAG accumulation upon wounding is not dependent on JA‐Ile or ABA. The newly synthesized TAG species are composed of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane origin, and most likely serves as a transient energy store.
Recreational screen time trajectories during early childhood and imaging‐measured body composition at age 7 in the Odense child cohort
Authors: Rietz Marlene , Schmidt‐Persson Jesper , Rasmussen Martin Gillies Banke , Egebæk Heidi Klakk , Wedderkopp Niels , Kristensen Peter Lund , Grøntved Anders 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren spend increasing amounts of time on recreational screen media, which may lead to an obesogenic environment.ObjectivesWe investigated the association of trajectories of screen time across ages 3, 5 and 7 years with body composition at age 7 in the Odense Child Cohort.MethodsData were collected in the Municipality of Odense, Denmark, between 2010 and 2019. Group‐based trajectory modelling was applied to group participants into four trajectories of prospective parent‐reported screen time. Body composition was assessed using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry with calculated fat‐mass index (FMI) as the primary outcome. Primary models were linear multivariable regression models adjusted for participants' sex, age, birthweight, maternal origin, maternal education, maternal body‐mass‐index, and maternal age. Further models were adjusted for additional possible confounders. Selection bias was addressed by inverse probability weighting.ResultsIn total, 803 children (48.2% female) were included in the primary analysis. Participants with screen time at all time points were assigned to four trajectory groups [constant low screen time (12.7%), low increase (36.3%), high increase between ages 3 and 5 (33.5%) and high increase in screen time (17.5%)]. Sample characteristics differed across missing data status and trajectories. Mean FMI (kg/m2) and standard deviation (SD) were 3.7 (SD 1.3) and 3.9 (SD 1.6) for the constant low versus high screen time, respectively. No differences in FMI were found between screen time trajectory groups at age 7 (adjusted mean difference 0.1 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval −0.3, 0.5 for constant low versus high screen time). No consistent associations between screen time groups and secondary body composition outcomes were found.ConclusionsResults from this study do not suggest that recreational screen time from age 3 to 7 years is associated with adiposity or other measures of body composition.
Drunkenness and Disorder in the Imperial Russian Army
Authors: Smith Alison K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrunkenness was a serious matter in the Imperial Russian military because of its potential to create disorder within an institution that was a central part of the disciplinary apparatus of the Russian Empire. Changes made to the military as part of the Great Reforms were intended to restore it to glory after its defeat in the Crimean War. Military disciplinary records from the late nineteenth century, however, demonstrate many of the problems that lay within this reformed military. First, they highlight tensions between soldiers and civilians. Military regiments were quartered in and around the towns and villages throughout the Russian Empire, which meant that soldiers regularly mixed with the wider civilian population. That mixing often went along with conflict. Second, they highlight tensions between rank‐and‐file soldiers on the one hand and NCOs and officers on the other, emphasizing the ways that the hierarchy and discipline that were central to the military (and to autocratic governance more generally) was often disregarded. Third, they hint at the ways that individual soldiers felt about their tours of duty and about their own position within autocratic society. And perhaps above all, they demonstrate the ways that alcohol lubricated these stresses and made them not simply background issues but active sources of disorder.
Trade policy review of Singapore
Authors: Zhou Shihao , Feng Qu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a small open economy with almost no natural resources, Singapore is highly dependent on international trade. This paper reviews the eighth Trade Policy Review of Singapore published by World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2021. We first begin with Singapore's trade policies that shape it as a trusted and leading node in both global supply chains and financial sectors. We then focus on its transformation to a digital economy and important Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Lastly, policymakers should keep monitoring other potential issues such as shortage of labour and ageing population to ensure sustainable economic growth of Singapore in the long run.