bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contesting Europe: Eurosceptic Dissent and Integration Polarization in the European Parliament
Authors: Börzel Tanja A. , Broniecki Philipp , Hartlapp Miriam , Obholzer Lukas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive analysis of Eurosceptic contestation within the legislative arena of the European Parliament (EP) from 2009 to 2019. Under what conditions do Eurosceptics vote differently from their Europhile peers? The literatures on European integration, party competition and policy types lead us to expect variation in Eurosceptic contestation across policy areas. Drawing on roll‐call votes in the EP, we introduce two new measures of such contestation: Eurosceptic dissent, that is, the extent to which Eurosceptics diverge from the Europhile plurality, and integration polarization, that is, the extent to which Eurosceptics and Europhiles oppose each other as cohesive camps. Our two indicators show that Eurosceptic contestation is particularly pronounced when the EP votes on cultural, distributive and constituent issues. When voting on redistributive policies, in contrast, dissent and polarization are curbed by national and ideological diversity.
Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism
Authors: Manfredini Daniele , Ahlberg Jari , Aarab Ghizlane , Bender Steven , Bracci Alessandro , Cistulli Peter A. , Conti Paulo Cesar , De Leeuw Reny , Durham Justin , Emodi‐Perlman Alona , Ettlin Dominik , Gallo Luigi M. , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Hublin Christer , Kato Takafumi , Klasser Gary , Koutris Michail , Lavigne Gilles J. , Paesani Daniel , Peroz Ingrid , Svensson Peter , Wetselaar Peter , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis paper aims to present and describe the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB), an instrument that was developed to provide a multidimensional evaluation of bruxism status, comorbid conditions, aetiology and consequences.MethodsThe rationale for creating the tool and the road map that led to the selection of items included in the STAB has been discussed in previous publications.ResultsThe tool consists of two axes, specifically dedicated to the evaluation of bruxism status and consequences (Axis A) and of bruxism risk and etiological factors and comorbid conditions (Axis B). The tool includes 14 domains, accounting for a total of 66 items. Axis A includes the self‐reported information on bruxism status and possible consequences (subject‐based report) together with the clinical (examiner report) and instrumental (technology report) assessment. The Subject‐Based Assessment (SBA) includes domains on Sleep Bruxism (A1), Awake Bruxism (A2) and Patient's Complaints (A3), with information based on patients' self‐report. The Clinically Based Assessment (CBA) includes domains on Joints and Muscles (A4), Intra‐ and Extra‐Oral Tissues (A5) and Teeth and Restorations (A6), based on information collected by an examiner. The Instrumentally Based Assessment (IBA) includes domains on Sleep Bruxism (A7), Awake Bruxism (A8) and the use of Additional Instruments (A9), based on the information gathered with the use of technological devices. Axis B includes the self‐reported information (subject‐based report) on factors and conditions that may have an etiological or comorbid association with bruxism. It includes domains on Psychosocial Assessment (B1), Concurrent Sleep‐related Conditions Assessment (B2), Concurrent Non‐Sleep Conditions Assessment (B3), Prescribed Medications and Use of Substances Assessment (B4) and Additional Factors Assessment (B5). As a rule, whenever possible, existing instruments, either in full or partial form (i.e. specific subscales), are included. A user's guide for scoring the different items is also provided to ease administration.ConclusionsThe instrument is now ready for on‐field testing and further refinement. It can be anticipated that it will help in collecting data on bruxism in such a comprehensive way to have an impact on several clinical and research fields.
A personal journey through Oral medicine: The tale of hepatitis C virus and oral lichen planus
Authors: Carrozzo Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAround 30 years ago, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified and soon it was shown that this virus, further to the liver, could affect a variety of organ systems. This article summarizes how an association between HCV and a relatively common oral disorder, oral lichen planus (OLP), was revealed. Through key publications, many of them published in Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine, it is shown the building of strong epidemiologic evidence supporting the association and how a plausible pathogenic link between HCV and OLP was discovered. As HCV infection is now potentially curable, modern direct antiviral agents can be used to effectively cure also OLP in HCV‐infected patients.
TitleIXExperiences of Pregnant and Parenting Youth in Chicago: A Qualitative Study*
Authors: Jain Keertana , Nikolajuk Katie , Tully Jamie , Britten Justine , DeClemente Tarrah K. , Johnson Amy K. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUnder Title IX, pregnant and/or parenting students (PPY) are protected from discrimination and are required to receive equal access to education. This study examines the implementation of Title IX, investigating whether Title IX rights are upheld for pregnant and/or parenting students attending Chicago Public Schools (CPS) using qualitative research methods.METHODSStakeholder interviews with pregnant and/or parenting students and staff members at CPS were conducted. Qualitative data were transcribed, and a codebook was developed of common key themes.RESULTSResults indicated Title IX is not implemented to its fullest extent or consistently throughout CPS. Pregnant and parenting students experienced a range of academic environments from supportive to hostile. Some students lacked accommodations and academic planning.CONCLUSIONStudy findings can inform policymakers in improving Title IX policy and guide schools on compliance with Title IX. Schools must aim to act beyond policy to meet the needs of pregnant and parenting students and ensure their future success.
Does modern broilers need less energy for better growth and intestinal development?
Authors: Ceylan Necmettin , Koca Sait , Golzar Adabi Shahram 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study was carried out to evaluate the response of broiler chicks to dietary energy. In total 11,400 day‐old Ross‐308 chicks (95 males and 95 females per pen) were placed in the study for 42 days. Hatchlings were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments with 10 replicates. Aviagen metabolisable energy (ME) recommendation for Ross 308 was served as a positive control (PC) and other treatments were adjusted to 101.25, 98.75, 97.50, 96.25 and 95% of PC. Birds had free access to water and pellet feed. Body weight (BW), Feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield and jejunal morphometric analysis were determined per replicate. Feeding the birds with 1.25% higher ME than PC did not result in any improvement in BW, FCR, mortality and carcass parameters. Significant linear improvement was observed at starter period for BW and FCR with the reduction of dietary ME (p < 0.05). There was no significant impairment in final BW with the reduction of ME up to 5.0%. Whole period FCR reduced by 0.009, 0.022, 0.014, 0.037 points by lowering ME by 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5%, respectively (linear, p < 0.05). Carcass yield, abdominal fat and pancreas weights were not significantly influenced (p > 0.05). However, significant improvement in villus height, surface area (quadratic and cubic, p < 0.05), and villus width (quadratic, p < 0.05) were observed with 2.5 and 3.75% reduction of dietary ME. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on liver haemorrhagic lesion score. The results of the current research suggest that the optimum level of dietary energy level of modern broilers may be lower than the one recommended by the primary breeders. Lowering dietary energy density up to 5% leads to 0.03 points reduction in FCR without any negative effect on BW.
Scotland, Atlantic slavery and the Scottish National Party: From colonised to coloniser in the political imagination
Authors: Mullen Stephen , Gibbs Ewan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the last three decades, a major shift has taken place in Scottish nationalist understandings of Scotland's colonial past. During the second half of the twentieth century, independence supporters viewed Scotland's relationship with England in colonial terms. Since the Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, nationalists have increasingly recognised Scots' role in Atlantic slavery. This paper explores this change within the Scottish National Party (SNP) using archival sources, published material and Scottish Parliamentary records. It demonstrates that a maturing historiography has drawn attention to Scotland's slavery past. History has become politically relevant in transatlantic deliberations over racial injustice, which have grown in intensity since the international Black Lives Matter protests in 2020. SNP ministers and parliamentarians have responded to this context by incorporating addressing Scotland's role in Atlantic slavery within a case for independence that is styled as progressive and contrasts with the more recalcitrant attitudes, which predominate at UK level.
The CIPK23 protein kinase represses SLAC1‐type anion channels in Arabidopsis guard cells and stimulates stomatal opening
Authors: Huang Shouguang , Maierhofer Tobias , Hashimoto Kenji , Xu Xiangyu , Karimi Sohail M. , Müller Heike , Geringer Michael A. , Wang Yi , Kudla Jörg , De Smet Ive , Hedrich Rainer , Geiger Dietmar , Roelfsema M. Rob G. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Guard cells control the opening of stomatal pores in the leaf surface, with the use of a network of protein kinases and phosphatases. Loss of function of the CBL‐interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) was previously shown to decrease the stomatal conductance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this response still need to be clarified.

CIPK23 was specifically expressed in Arabidopsis guard cells, using an estrogen‐inducible system. Stomatal movements were linked to changes in ion channel activity, determined with double‐barreled intracellular electrodes in guard cells and with the two‐electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes.

Expression of the phosphomimetic variant CIPK23T190D enhanced stomatal opening, while the natural CIPK23 and a kinase‐inactive CIPK23K60N variant did not affect stomatal movements. Overexpression of CIPK23T190D repressed the activity of S‐type anion channels, while their steady‐state activity was unchanged by CIPK23 and CIPK23K60N.

We suggest that CIPK23 enhances the stomatal conductance at favorable growth conditions, via the regulation of several ion transport proteins in guard cells. The inhibition of SLAC1‐type anion channels is an important facet of this response.
Natural rubber reduces herbivory and alters the microbiome below ground
Authors: Böttner Laura , Malacrinò Antonino , Schulze Gronover Christian , van Deenen Nicole , Müller Boje , Xu Shuqing , Gershenzon Jonathan , Prüfer Dirk , Huber Meret 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Laticifers are hypothesized to mediate both plant–herbivore and plant–microbe interactions. However, there is little evidence for this dual function.
We investigated whether the major constituent of natural rubber, cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene, a phylogenetically widespread and economically important latex polymer, alters plant resistance and the root microbiome of the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz) under attack of a root herbivore, the larva of the May cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha).
Rubber‐depleted transgenic plants lost more shoot and root biomass upon herbivory than normal rubber content near‐isogenic lines. Melolontha melolontha preferred to feed on artificial diet supplemented with rubber‐depleted rather than normal rubber content latex. Likewise, adding purified cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene in ecologically relevant concentrations to diet deterred larval feeding and reduced larval weight gain. Metagenomics and metabarcoding revealed that abolishing biosynthesis of natural rubber alters the structure but not the diversity of the rhizosphere and root microbiota (ecto‐ and endophytes) and that these changes depended on M. melolontha damage. However, the assumption that rubber reduces microbial colonization or pathogen load is contradicted by four lines of evidence.
Taken together, our data demonstrate that natural rubber biosynthesis reduces herbivory and alters the plant microbiota, which highlights the role of plant‐specialized metabolites and secretory structures in shaping multitrophic interactions.
Are psychedelics the answer to chronic pain: A review of current literature
Authors: Kooijman Nina I. , Willegers Tim , Reuser Anke , Mulleners Wim M. , Kramers Cornelis , Vissers Kris C. P. , van der Wal Selina E. I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsWe aim to provide an evidence‐based overview of the use of psychedelics in chronic pain, specifically LSD and psilocybin.ContentChronic pain is a common and complex problem, with an unknown etiology. Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, may play a role in the management of chronic pain. Through activation of the serotonin‐2A (5‐HT2A) receptor, several neurophysiological responses result in the disruption of functional connections in brain regions associated with chronic pain. Healthy reconnections can be made through neuroplastic effects, resulting in sustained pain relief. However, this process is not fully understood, and evidence of efficacy is limited and of low quality. In cancer and palliative related pain, the analgesic potential of psychedelics was established decades ago, and the current literature shows promising results on efficacy and safety in patients with cancer‐related psychological distress. In other areas, patients suffering from severe headache disorders like migraine and cluster headache who have self‐medicated with psychedelics report both acute and prophylactic efficacy of LSD and psilocybin. Randomized control trials are now being conducted to study the effects in cluster headache Furthermore, psychedelics have a generally favorable safety profile especially when compared to other analgesics like opioids. In addition, psychedelics do not have the addictive potential of opioids.ImplicationsGiven the current epidemic use of opioids, and that patients are in desperate need of an alternative treatment, it is important that further research is conducted on the efficacy of psychedelics in chronic pain conditions.
Confucius, Wisdom, and Political Participation: Benevolence and Timeliness in the Analects
Authors: Morrow Sydney , Ryan Shane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to address when the wise person should participate in politics. The question is addressed through engagement with the Analects. Rather than provide interpretations of key terms in the Analects, we provide an account of wisdom that draws from themes in the Analects. The case is made that the wise person is committed to participating in politics primarily because of the connection between wisdom and benevolence (ren 仁 in the Analects). We address challenges to the Confucian approach from the Zhuangzi concerning the potential harms of political participation. General political disengagement is not considered exemplary on the Confucian approach to wisdom, although when political engagement may be eschewed is explored. Finally, the case is made that while ren motivates the wise to participate politically, the wise also have a sense of timeliness that provides guidance as to when to refrain or withdraw from political participation.
Underlying mechanisms of thrombus formation/growth in atherothrombosis and deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Yamashita Atsushi , Asada Yujiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThrombosis remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite technological advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The traditional view of arterial thrombus formation is that it is a platelet‐dependent process, whereas that of venous thrombus formation is a coagulation‐dependent process. Current pathological and basic studies on atherothrombosis and venous thrombosis have revealed the diverse participation of platelet and coagulation activation mechanisms in both thrombus initiation and growth processes during clinical thrombotic events. Atherosclerotic plaque cell‐derived tissue factor contributes to fibrin formation and platelet aggregation. The degree of plaque disruption and a blood flow alteration promote atherothrombotic occlusion. While blood stasis/turbulent flow due to luminal stenosis itself initiates venous thrombus formation. The coagulation factor XI‐driven propagation phase of blood coagulation plays a major role in venous thrombus growth, but a minor role in hemostasis. These lines of evidence indicate that atherothrombosis onset is affected by the thrombogenic potential of atherosclerotic plaques, the plaque disruption size, and an alteration in blood flow. Upon onset of venous thrombosis, enhancement of the propagation phase of blood coagulation under blood stasis and a hypercoagulable state contribute to large thrombus formation.
Government support and cross‐border innovation: The effect of China's innovative city policy on Chinese firms' patenting in the United States
Authors: Chen Kedong , Liu Xiaojin (Jim) , Li Yuhong , Linderman Kevin 
Published: January 2023

Firms innovate their new processes and products not only within their countries but also across national boundaries. This is known as cross‐border innovation, and many countries have initiated policies to support it. But how does government support influence cross‐border innovation? Through the lens of Porter's diamond model, this study conceptualizes government support as slack resources and investigates how it affects a firm's inventive activities in an uncertain, competitive global market. This study examines Chinese firms' patent filings in the United States under the enactment of the “innovative city” policy. We apply matching and generalized difference‐in‐differences techniques to this staggered quasi‐experimental setting and find that government support stimulates firms' cross‐border innovation. We further show that firms with higher research and development capacity take better advantage of government support. Finally, we show that government support leads to a rebalancing of exploratory and exploitative innovation such that a firm that has conducted more exploration will perform more exploitation and vice versa. Taken together, this study extends our understanding of slack from internal resources to government support in the context of global operations. Findings suggest that government actions that improve the ecosystem of innovation in one country strengthen firms' innovation and competitiveness overseas.
A report on a modified protocol for flow cytometry‐based assessment of blood group erythrocyte antigens potentially suitable for analysis of weak ABO subgroups
Authors: Otsu Makoto , Tanabe Yuji , Iwakiri Ayako , Arima Kazuna , Uchiyama Anna , Yamamoto Marina , Ohtani Shinichi , Endo Hiroshi , Komoto Mina , Miyazaki Koji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry (FC) has proven its utility in scrutinizing AB antigen expression in red blood cells (RBCs), cooperating with serological tests for accurate blood group typing. However, technical difficulties may impair the characterization of weak ABO subtypes when background noises appear at non‐negligible levels.Study design and methodsWe sought to establish an FC method that could prevent antibody‐induced hemagglutination and an increase in cellular autofluorescence, two major issues inherent to RBC‐FC analysis of AB expression. We optimized fixatives, multicolor‐staining protocols, and sequential gating strategies. Blood samples from weak ABO subtype cases, Bm and Ael, were analyzed with the established protocol.ResultsThe optimized mixture of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde successfully generated fixed RBCs resistant to agglutination while maintaining low autofluorescence. These features allowed co‐staining of leukocyte‐ and erythrocyte‐markers, which enabled sequential gating strategies facilitating the precise AB antigen analysis in purely single RBCs with minimum background noises. By the established FC analysis, we could detect in the Bm sample a small RBC population exhibiting weak B antigen expression. The assay also proved it feasible to identify a small population (0.04%) of RBCs weakly expressing the A antigen in the Ael sample confirmed as harboring a rare c.816dupG ABO variant allele.ConclusionThe RBC‐FC analysis described here allows the detection of AB antigens weakly expressed in RBCs while achieving minimum background noise levels in negative control samples. Overall, the modified protocol provides a quick and reliable assay valuable in transfusion medicine and is potentially applicable to the characterization of rare weak ABO variants.
Self-Adaptive Obstacle Crossing of an AntiBot From Reconfiguration Control and Mechanical Adaptation
Authors: Song Zhen , Luo Zirong , Wei Guowu , Shang Jianzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne drawback of wheeled robots is their inferiority to conquer large obstacles and perform well on complicated terrains, which limits their application in rescue missions. To provide a solution to this issue, an ant-like six-wheeled reconfigurable robot, called AntiBot, is proposed in this paper. The AntiBot has a Sarrus reconfiguration body, a three-rocker-leg passive suspension, and mechanical adaptable obstacle-climbing wheeled legs. In this paper, we demonstrate through simulations and experiments that this robot can change the position of its center of mass actively to improve its obstacle-crossing capability. The geometric and static stability conditions for obstacle crossing of the robot are derived and formulated, and numerical simulations are conducted to find the feasible region of the robot’s configuration in obstacle crossing. In addition, a self-adaptive obstacle-crossing algorithm is proposed to improve the robot’s obstacle-crossing performance. A physical prototype is developed, and using it, a series of experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed self-adaptive obstacle-crossing algorithm.