bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Light to Novel Logic Concepts Using Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Jeon Yunchae , Kim Somi , Seo Juhyung , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInstead of the current method of transmitting voltage or current signals in electronic circuit operation, light offers an alternative to conventional logic, allowing for the implementation of new logic concepts through interaction with light. This manuscript examines the use of light in implementing new logic concepts as an alternative to traditional logic circuits and as a future technology. This article provides an overview of how to implement logic operations using light rather than voltage or current signals using optoelectronic materials such as 2D materials, metal–oxides, carbon structures, polymers, small molecules, and perovskites. This review covers the various technologies and applications of using light to dope devices, implement logic gates, control logic circuits, and generate light as an output signal. Recent research on logic and the use of light to implement new functions is summarized. This review also highlights the potential of optoelectronic logic for future technological advancements.
Low‐Dimensional High‐Entropy Alloys for Advanced Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Tao Lei , Huang Baoyu , Zhao Yitao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional high‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanomaterials are widely employed as electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions, due to their inherent advantages, including high electron mobility, rich catalytically active site, optimal electronic structure. Moreover, the high‐entropy, lattice distortion, and sluggish diffusion effects also enable them to be promising electrocatalysts. A thorough understanding on the structure‐activity relationships of low‐dimensional HEA catalyst play a huge role in the future pursuit of more efficient electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of low‐dimensional HEA nanomaterials for efficient catalytic energy conversion. By systematically discussing the fundamentals of HEA and properties of low‐dimensional nanostructures, we highlight the advantages of low‐dimensional HEAs. Subsequently, we also present many low‐dimensional HEA catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions, aiming to gain a better understanding on the structure‐activity relationship. Finally, a series of upcoming challenges and issues are also thoroughly proposed as well as their future directions.
Constructive Decomposition of Any $$\ L^{1}\left( a,b\right) $$ Function as Sum of a Strongly Convergent Series of Integrable Functions Each One Positive or Negative Exactly in Open Sets
Authors: Carlota Clara , Ornelas António 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearchers dealing with real functions $$\ f\left( \cdot \right) \in L^{1}\left( a,b\right) $$

f

·

∈

L
1

a
,
b

are often challenged with technical difficulties on trying to prove statements involving the positive $$\ f^{\,+}\left( \cdot \right) $$

f

+

·

and negative $$\ f^{\,-}\left( \cdot \right) $$

f

-

·

parts of these functions. Indeed, the set of points where $$\ f\left( \cdot \right) $$

f

·

is positive (resp. negative) is just Lebesgue measurable, and in general these two sets may both have positive measure inside each nonempty open subinterval of $$\ \left( a,b\right) $$

a
,
b

. To remedy this situation, we regularize these sets through open sets. More precisely, for each zero-average $$\ f\left( \cdot \right) \in L^{\,1}\left( a,b\right) $$

f

·

∈

L

1

a
,
b

, we construct, explicitly, a series of functions $$\ \overset{\frown }{f}_{i}\left( \cdot \right) $$

f
⌢

i

·

having sum $$\ f\left( \cdot \right) $$

f

·

— a.e. and in $$\ L^{1}\left( a,b\right) $$

L
1

a
,
b

— in such a way that, for each $$\ i\in \left\{ \,0,1,2,\ldots \, \right\} $$

i
∈

0
,
1
,
2
,
…

, there exist two disjoint open sets where $$\ \overset{\frown }{f}_{i}\left( \cdot \right) \ge 0$$

f
⌢

i

·

≥
0

a.e. and $$\ \overset{\frown }{f}_{i}\left( \cdot \right) \le 0$$

f
⌢

i

·

≤
0

a.e., respectively, while $$\ \overset{\frown }{f}_{i}\left( \cdot \right) =0$$

f
⌢

i

·

=
0

a.e. elsewhere. Moreover, its primitive $$\ \int ^{t}f\left( \cdot \right) $$

∫
t

f

·

becomes the sum of a strongly convergent series of nice AC functions. Applications to calculus of variations & optimal control appear in our next papers.
Sterbeorte von COVID-19-Patienten: eine Observationsstudie auf Grundlage ausgewerteter Todesbescheinigungen der Stadt Münster (2021)
Authors: Manglus Lukas , Lenz Philipp , Dasch Burkhard 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Sterbeorte von COVID-19-Patienten wurden in Deutschland bislang nur wenig untersucht.

Methoden
In einer westfälischen Sterbeortstudie wurden in der Stadt Münster anhand sämtlicher Todesbescheinigungen von 2021 statistische Auswertungen durchgeführt. Personen, die mit oder an einer COVID-19-Erkrankung verstorben waren, wurden anhand der ärztlichen Angaben zur Todesursache identifiziert und mit deskriptiv statistischen Verfahren unter Anwendung von SPSS analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden insgesamt 4044 Todesbescheinigungen ausgewertet. Hierbei wurden 182 verstorbene COVID-19-Patienten identifiziert (4,5 %). Bei 159 Personen (3,9 %) war die COVID-19-Erkrankung todesursächlich, wobei deren Sterbeorte sich wie folgt verteilten: Krankenhaus insgesamt 88,1 % (Intensivstation 57,2 %, Palliativstation 0,0 %), Hospiz 0,0 %, Pflegeheim 10,7 %, zu Hause 1,3 %, sonstiger Ort 0,0 %. Erkrankte < 60 Jahre verstarben zu 100 % im Krankenhaus, über 80-Jährige in 75,4 % der Fälle. Nur 2 COVID-19-Patienten, die jeweils über 80 Jahre alt waren, verstarben zu Hause. Sterbefälle im Pflegeheim (17) betrafen mehrheitlich ältere Frauen. 10 dieser Heimbewohner waren von einem spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativteam am Lebensende betreut worden.

Diskussion
COVID-19-Erkrankte verstarben überwiegend im Krankenhaus. Fulminante Krankheitsverläufe mit hoher Symptomlast und das nicht selten junge Alter der Erkrankten sind hierfür potenzielle Erklärungsansätze. Stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen spielten als Sterbeort bei lokalen Infektionsausbrüchen eine gewisse Rolle. Erkrankte Personen verstarben nur selten zu Hause. Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen können ein Grund dafür sein, dass keine Patienten in Hospizen oder auf Palliativstationen verstarben.
Der schnellende Finger – Pitfalls und Differenzialdiagnostik
Authors: Cavalcanti Kußmaul A. , Ayache A. , Unglaub F. 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzialdiagnostik des schnellenden Fingers stellt eine klinische Herausforderung dar. Im vorgestellten Fall wird ein 32-jähriger Patient präsentiert, welcher sich mit einem persistierenden Schnappen des rechten Zeigefingers im Metakarpophalangealgelenk ohne lokale Druckschmerzhaftigkeit trotz vorheriger operativer A1-Ringbandspaltung vorstellte. In der CT-Diagnostik konnte ein prominentes Tuberculum articularis nachgewiesen werden. Die MRT-Bildgebung war unauffällig. Durch operative Revision mit begleitender Abtragung des Tuberkulums ließ sich eine volle Funktion des Zeigefingers wieder herstellen.
Information revelation and coordination using cheap talk in a game with two-sided private information
Authors: Ganguly Chirantan , Ray Indrajit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a version of the Battle of the Sexes with private information and allow cheap talk regarding the players’ types before the game. We show that a desirable type-coordination property is achieved at the unique fully revealing symmetric equilibrium (when it exists). Type-coordination is also obtained in a partially revealing equilibrium that exists when the fully revealing equilibrium does not. We further prove that truthfully revealed messages, followed by actions that depend meaningfully on these messages, are not equilibrium profiles with one-sided cheap talk. Finally, fully revealing equilibria do not exist under sequential communication either.
The Bulk-Boundary Correspondence for the Einstein Equations in Asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Spacetimes
Authors: Holzegel Gustav , Shao Arick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider vacuum asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes $$( \mathscr {M}, g )$$

(
M
,
g
)

with conformal boundary $$( \mathscr {I}, \mathfrak {g})$$

(
I
,
g
)

. We establish a correspondence, near $$\mathscr {I}$$
I
, between such spacetimes and their conformal boundary data on $$\mathscr {I}$$
I
. More specifically, given a domain $$\mathscr {D} \subset \mathscr {I}$$

D
⊂
I

, we prove that the coefficients $$\mathfrak {g}^{\scriptscriptstyle (0)} = \mathfrak {g}$$

g

(
0
)

=
g

and $$\mathfrak {g}^{\scriptscriptstyle (n)}$$

g

(
n
)

(the undetermined term, or stress energy tensor) in a Fefferman–Graham expansion of the metric g from the boundary uniquely determine g near $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
, provided $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
satisfies a generalised null convexity condition (GNCC). The GNCC is a conformally invariant criterion on $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
, first identified by Chatzikaleas and the second author, that ensures a foliation of pseudoconvex hypersurfaces in $$\mathscr {M}$$
M
near $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
, and with the pseudoconvexity degenerating in the limit at $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
. As a corollary of this result, we deduce that conformal symmetries of $$( \mathfrak {g}^{\scriptscriptstyle (0)}, \mathfrak {g}^{\scriptscriptstyle (n)} )$$

(

g

(
0
)

,

g

(
n
)

)

on domains $$\mathscr {D} \subset \mathscr {I}$$

D
⊂
I

satisfying the GNCC extend to spacetime symmetries near $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
. The proof, which does not require any analyticity assumptions, relies on three key ingredients: (1) a calculus of vertical tensor-fields developed for this setting; (2) a novel system of transport and wave equations for differences of metric and curvature quantities; and (3) recently established Carleman estimates for tensorial wave equations near the conformal boundary.
Impaired extinction of operant cocaine in a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia risk
Authors: Chesworth Rose , Visini Gabriela , Karl Tim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia have high rates of comorbid substance use problems. One potential explanation for this comorbidity is similar neuropathophysiology in substance use and schizophrenia, which may arise from shared genetic risk factors between the two disorders. Here we investigated if genetic risk for schizophrenia could affect drug reward and reinforcement for cocaine in an established mouse model of genetic risk for schizophrenia, theneuregulin 1transmembrane domain heterozygous (Nrg1 TMHET) mouse.MethodsWe examined drug-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference for several cocaine doses (5, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg) in male adultNrg1 TMHET and wild-type-like (WT) littermates. We also investigated intravenous self-administration of and motivation for cocaine (doses 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg/infusion), as well as extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine. In a follow-up experiment, we examined self-administration, extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of a natural reward, oral sucrose.ResultsCocaine preference was similar betweenNrg1 TMHET mice and WT littermates at all doses tested. Locomotor sensitization to cocaine was not affected byNrg1genotype at any dose. Although self-administration and motivation for cocaine was unaffected, extinction of cocaine self-administration was impaired inNrg1 TMHET compared to WT controls, and cue-induced reinstatement was greater inNrg1mutants in the middle of the reinstatement session. Sucrose self-administration and extinction thereof was not affected by genotype, but inactive lever responding was elevated during cue-induced reinstatement for operant sucrose inNrg1 TMHET mice compared to WTs.DiscussionThese results suggest impaired response inhibition for cocaine inNrg1 TMHET mice and suggestsNrg1mutation may contribute to behaviours which can limit control over cocaine use.
Global profile of anemia during pregnancy versus country income overview: 19 years estimative (2000–2019)
Authors: Araujo Costa Evelyn , de Paula Ayres-Silva Jackline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnemia is a worldwide public health problem that is worst in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), reaching 60% of prevalence. The etiology of anemia is diverse and multifactorial, with iron deficiency being the most prevalent, and often found in pregnant women. Iron is indispensable for the production of red blood cells and approximately 80% of the available heme iron is used for hemoglobin synthesis in mature erythroblasts. Iron deficiency affects oxygen transport, compromising energy and muscle metabolism and can occur with depletion of iron storage, defective erythropoiesis, and low hemoglobin levels. We analyzed anemia prevalence in pregnant women from 2000 to 2019 worldwide correlating them with current (2022) country income, with especial attention to LMICs using WHO dataset. Our analysis indicates that pregnant women from LMICs had a higher probability (40%) of anemia during pregnancy especially those from Africa and South Asia. Africa and the Americas showed a higher decrease in the prevalence of anemia from 2000 to 2019. The Americas and Europe have a lower prevalence, concentrated in 57% of most upper-middle- and high-income countries. Black women are also more prone to develop anemia during pregnancy, especially if they are from LMICs. However, the prevalence of anemia appears to decrease with an increase in educational level. In conclusion, anemia prevalence fluctuated from 5.2 to 65.7% worldwide in 2019, validating it as a public health problem.
Where have all the petrels gone? Forty years (1978–2020) of Wilson’s Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) population dynamics at King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo, Antarctica) in a changing climate
Authors: Ausems A. N. M. A. , Kuepper N. D. , Archuby D. , Braun C. , Gębczyński A. K. , Gladbach A. , Hahn S. , Jadwiszczak P. , Kraemer P. , Libertelli M. M. , Lorenz S. , Richter B. , Ruß A. , Schmoll T. , Thorn S. , Turner J. , Wojczulanis-Jakubas K. , Jakubas D. , Quillfeldt P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerous seabird species are experiencing population declines, and this trend is expected to continue or even accelerate in the future. To understand the effects of environmental change on seabird populations, long-term studies are vital, but rare. Here, we present over four decades (1978–2020) of population dynamic and reproductive performance data of Wilson’s Storm Petrels (Oceanites oceanicus) from King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo), Antarctica. We determined temporal trends in population size, breeding output, and chick growth rates, and related interannual variation in these variables to various environmental variables. Our study revealed a decline of 90% in population size of Wilson’s Storm Petrels in two colonies, and considerable changes in breeding output and chick growth rates. Temporal changes in breeding demographics were linked to interannual environmental variation, either causing changes in food availability (particularly Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba) or in nest burrow accessibility due to snow blocking the entrance. With the expected rise in air and sea surface temperatures, the predicted increases in precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula will likely lead to increased snowstorm prevalence. Additionally, the rising temperatures will likely reduce food availability due to reduced sea ice cover in the wintering grounds of Antarctic krill, or by changing phyto- and zooplankton community compositions. The ongoing environmental changes may thus lead to a further population decline, or at the very least will not allow the population to recover. Monitoring the population dynamics of Antarctic seabirds is vital to increase our understanding of climate change-induced changes in polar food webs.
Morphologic spectrum of the epithelial tumors of the male and female urethra
Authors: Cimadamore Alessia , Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Cheng Liang , Montironi Rodolfo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe classification of the epithelial tumors of the male and female urethra includes benign and malignant neoplasms. Primary urethral carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the accessory glands are the most relevant tumors, both from the morphologic and clinical point of view. An accurate diagnosis, grading and staging are essential for determining adequate treatment strategies and outcome. Information on anatomy and histology of the urethra is of fundamental importance in understanding the morphology of the tumors, including the clinical importance of their location and origin.
Novel biphasic mechanism of the canonical Wnt signalling component PYGO2 promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from hUC-MSCs
Authors: Shi Yan , Qin Bin , Fan Xiongwei , Li Yongqing , Wang Yuequn , Yuan Wuzhou , Jiang Zhigang , Zhu Ping , Chen Jimei , Chen Yu , Li Fang , Wan Yongqi , Wu Xiushan , Zhuang Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are used to regenerate the myocardium during cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying their ability to form mesodermal cells and differentiate into cardiomyocytes remains unclear. Here, we established a human-derived MSCs line isolated from healthy umbilical cords and established a cell model of the natural state to examine the differentiation of hUC-MSCs into cardiomyocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, RNA Seq, and inhibitors of canonical Wnt signalling were used to detect the germ-layer markers T and MIXL1; the markers of cardiac progenitor cells MESP1, GATA4, and NKX2.5 and the cardiomyocyte-marker cTnT to identify the molecular mechanism associated with PYGO2, a key component of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway that regulates the formation of cardiomyocyte-like cells. We demonstrated that PYGO2 promotes the formation of mesodermal-like cells and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes through the hUC-MSC-dependent canonical Wnt signalling by promoting the early-stage entry of β-catenin into the nucleus. Surprisingly, PYGO2 did not alter the expression of the canonical-Wnt, NOTCH, or BMP signalling pathways during the middle–late stages. In contrast, PI3K-Akt signalling promoted hUC-MSCs formation and their differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that PYGO2 uses a biphasic mechanism to promote cardiomyocyte formation from hUC-MSCs.
Pathogen detection in suspected spinal infection: metagenomic next-generation sequencing versus culture
Authors: Huang Haihong , Shi Jiawei , Zheng Minghui , Su Shenghui , Chen Weidong , Ming Jing , Ren Tao , Qu Dongbin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim is to compare the pathogen detection performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and the culturing of percutaneous needle biopsy samples obtained from an individual with a suspected spinal infection.

Methods
A retrospective study of 141 individuals with a suspected spinal infection was conducted, and mNGS was performed. The microbial spectra and detection performance between mNGS and the culturing-based method were compared, and the effects of antibiotic intervention and biopsy on the detection performance were assessed.

Results
The microorganisms isolated most commonly via the culturing-based method were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 21), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 13). The most common microorganisms detected via mNGS were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) (n = 39), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15). The difference in the type of detected microorganisms between culturing and mNGS was observed only in Mycobacterium (P = 0.001). mNGS helped identify potential pathogens in 80.9% of cases, which was significantly higher than the positivity rate of 59.6% observed for the culturing-based method (P < 0.001). Moreover, mNGS had a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI, 78.4% to 91.3%), a specificity of 86.7% (95% CI, 59.5% to 98.3%), and sensitivity gains of 35% (85.7% vs. 50.8%; P < 0.001) during culturing, while no differences were observed in the specificity (86.7% vs. 93.3%; P = 0.543). In addition, antibiotic interventions significantly lowered the positivity rate of the culturing-based method (66.0% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.021) but had no effects on the results of mNGS (82.5% vs. 77.3%, P = 0.467).

Conclusion
The use of mNGS could result in a higher detection rate compared to that observed with the culturing-based method in an individual with spinal infection and is particularly valuable for evaluating the effects of a mycobacterial infection or previous antibiotic intervention.
Immune-related lncRNAs pairs prognostic score model for prediction of survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Liang Xue , Li Cong , Fan Mengmeng , Zhang Wanqiu , Liu Linlin , Zhou Ji , Hu Linhui , Zhai Zhimin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common malignant and aggressive hematologic tumors, and risk stratification is indispensable to ensure proper treatment. But immune-related long noncoding RNAs (ir-lncRNAs) pairs prognostic risk models used to stratify AML have yet to be reported. In this study, we established a prognostic risk model based on eight ir-lncRNAs pairs using LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis and successfully validated the model in an independent cohort. According to risk scores, patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. High-risk patients presented more tumor mutation frequency and higher expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-related genes and immune checkpoint molecules. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that the transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) pathway was activated in the high-risk group; meanwhile, we found that TGFβ1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in AML patients and correlated with poor prognosis, which is closely related to drug resistance. Consistently, in vitro studies found that exogenous TGFβ1 can protect AML cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Collectively, we developed an ir-lncRNA prognostic model that helps predict the prognosis of AML patients and provides valuable information about their response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and we found that increased TGFβ1 levels resulting in chemoresistance may be one of the leading causes of treatment failure in high-risk AML patients.