bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral load: We need a new look at an old problem?
Authors: Guterres Alexandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concept of viral load was introduced in the 1980s to measure the amount of viral genetic material in a person's blood, primarily for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has since become crucial for monitoring HIV infection progression and assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the term “viral load” became widely popularized, not only for the scientific community but for the general population. Viral load plays a critical role in both clinical patient management and research, providing valuable insights for antiviral treatment strategies, vaccination efforts, and epidemiological control measures. As measuring viral load is so important, why don't researchers discuss the best way to do it? Is it simply acceptable to use raw Ct values? Relying solely on Ct values for viral load estimation can be problematic due to several reasons. First, Ct values can vary between different quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, platforms, and laboratories, making it difficult to compare data across studies. Second, Ct values do not directly measure the quantity of viral particles in a sample and they can be influenced by various factors such as initial viral load, sample quality, and assay sensitivity. Moreover, variations in viral RNA extraction and reverse‐transcription steps can further impact the accuracy of viral load estimation, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation of Ct values in viral load assessment. Interestingly, we did not observe scientific articles addressing different strategies to quantify viral load. The absence of standardized and validated methods impedes the implementation of viral load monitoring in clinical management. The variability in cell quantities within samples and the variation in viral particle numbers within infected cells further challenge accurate viral load measurement and interpretation. To advance the field and improve patient outcomes, there is an urgent need for the development and validation of tailored, standardized methods for precise viral load quantification.
“We Have a Voice. We Exist.”: Value of Basic Needs Satisfaction for Well‐Being and Goal Development in Inclusive Theater Spaces for Young People
Authors: Ferrell Amanda , Levstek Maruša , Banerjee Robin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTCreative arts programs have potential for promoting psychological well‐being amongst young people. The present research used a mixed‐methods approach to address the mechanisms involved in the well‐being of marginalized young people engaged in creative arts participation, based on self‐determination theory. A preliminary quantitative analysis investigated the levels of basic needs satisfaction (BNS) that 42 young people reported experiencing at home, at school, and at a youth theater organization. Young people reported the highest level of BNS at the theater, and there was a marginally significant trend suggesting this had a positive association with well‐being, over and above the effects of BNS at home and school. Nonetheless, Bayesian factor indicated more data is required to confirm this observation. Subsequently, an in‐depth qualitative analysis was undertaken with semi‐structured interviews with three young people as well as with their parents and schoolteachers. Thematic analysis highlighted the ways satisfaction of autonomy (through empowerment), relatedness (through the establishment of group membership), and competence (through creating a safe space for young people to be heard) allowed the young people to develop positive future aspirations. Study implications and directions for further work are explored in relation to the way that creative arts participation enables young people to explore possible goals and give them an understanding of what they can achieve.
Compound chenpi tea consumption reduces obesity‐related metabolic disorders by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites in mice
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Hao Jinhua , Miao Danyang , Xiao Pingting , Jiang Xiaoyu , E‐Hu Liu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCompound chenpi tea (CCT) is a popular herbal beverage made from citri reticulatae pericarpium, Ganoderma lucidum, and pu‐erh tea. This study aimed to investigate the anti‐obesity effect of CCT in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and to explore the potential mediators by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and serum metabolomic analysis.RESULTSThe results showed that CCT supplementation can effectively reduce diet‐induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Further analyses revealed that CCT could reverse the changes of 28 metabolites induced by HFD, mainly affecting, amino acid metabolism, gut microbiota metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. CCT could also alleviate the intestinal dysbiosis by decreasing the abundance of Romboutsia, Gemella, [Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group, and Faecalibaculum, and increasing the abundance of Oscillibacter, Blautia, and Acetatifactor.CONCLUSIONCollectively, these findings demonstrated that CCT supplementation modulated gut microbiota and obesity‐related metabolic disorders in mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Round Window Niche Veil is Visible on High‐Resolution Computed Tomography and a Predictor of Local Drug Efficacy to Inner Ear
Authors: Zhuo Shipei , Li Yong , Cui Bozhen , Liu Yuxiang , Deng Jingman , Lou Jintao , Yuan Jianpeng , Si Yu , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the morphologies and effect of the round window niche veil (RWNV) on local drug delivery efficacy and develop diagnostic criteria on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT).MethodsPatients diagnosed with otosclerosis, bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss or vestibular schwannoma were enrolled from 2019 to 2022, receiving temporal bone HRCT scanning, and anatomic variations of RWMV were summarized intraoperative. For patients with vestibular schwannoma, 1 mL of dexamethasone solution (4 mg/mL) was administered via facial recess during operation, and samples of perilymph were collected to analyze. The diagnostic criteria of RWNV on HRCT were developed and verified.ResultsA total of 85 patients were enrolled. RWNV was observed in 54 cases intraoperatively with an incidence of 63.5% (95% CI, 52.9%–73.0%). The median perilymph concentrations were 4.86‐fold higher in the group without RWNV than with RWNV (p < 0.0001). RWNV could be visualized on HRCT with a window width of 3500–4500 HU and a window level of 300–500 HU. The characteristic features were as follows: (1) a thin soft tissue shadow could be seen at the entrance of the round window niche (RWN); (2) it was visible in at least 2 consecutive layers along the upper margin of RWN from top to bottom; (3) it was discontinuous with the adjacent bone margin. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria were 77.8% and 93.6%, respectively.ConclusionRWNV could reduce local dexamethasone diffusion efficacy to the inner ear, which could be diagnosed on HRCT and used as a predictor of local drug delivery efficacy to the inner ear.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:1396–1402, 2024
Why do algal blooms intensify under reduced nitrogen and fluctuating phosphorus conditions: The underappreciated role of non‐algal light attenuation
Authors: Zou Wei , Xu Hai , Zhu Guangwei , Zhu Mengyuan , Guo Chaoxuan , Xiao Man , Zhang Yunlin , Qin Boqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLight availability for phytoplankton in shallow lakes is closely related to non‐algal light attenuation (KdNALA, the fractional light absorption by non‐algal substances, such as suspended sediments); thus, significant changes in global wind speed in recent decades may have a profound effect on light availability and algal blooms in shallow lakes. Herein, the eutrophic shallow Lake Taihu was selected to investigate the long‐term dynamics of light availability and its effect on algal blooms. The results showed that KdNALA decreased from approximately 3.5 to 2.5 m−1 with decreasing wind speed from 2005 to 2021, indicating the significantly increased light availability for phytoplankton despite surface photosynthetically active radiation exhibiting limited variability during the study period. In addition, both experimental (i.e., in situ nutrient enrichment experiments) and statistical approaches (i.e., deviations of Trophic State Index subindices) indicated that phytoplankton growth was primarily light‐limited during the study period in Lake Taihu. Consequently, considerable increases in fraction of observed and maximal chlorophyll a yield at given nitrogen or phosphorus concentration were observed and were mostly related to decreasing KdNALA, which implied that decreasing KdNALA allowed phytoplankton utilize “unused nutrient‐capacity” until the additional algal‐turbidity induce further light limitation or nutrient limitation. As the effect of changes in global wind speed on KdNALA and algal growth received limited attention in the existing research, we revealed an underappreciated mechanism by which global changes in wind speed significantly affects algal biomass by influencing light availability, which may have profound effects on future algal bloom mitigation efforts in shallow lakes.
Multi‐Stimuli, Large‐Stroke Hybrid Carbon Fiber‐Based Artificial Muscles
Authors: Hu Xinghao , Li Hong , Wang Jian , Bao Xianfu , Zhao Kai , Di Jiangtao , Liang Yiming , Ding Jianning 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough advances in twisted and coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) artificial muscles have accelerated the developments of soft robotics, haptics, and exoskeletons, the high cost of CNT limits its practical application. Here, a low‐cost, silicone‐infiltrated carbon fiber‐based artificial muscle is proposed, which is solvent‐absorption, electrothermally, and photothermally controllable. When driven by solvent absorption, these muscles generate a contractile stroke of 36.7% and a work capacity of 419 J kg−1 (≈10 times that of human skeletal muscle), which can lift >5000 times their own weight. Moreover, an electrothermally and photothermally powered carbon fiber muscle generates a work capacity of 124.4 and 302 J kg−1, which is 3.8 and 9 times that of human skeletal muscle. Potential applications of these carbon fiber muscles are demonstrated for a solvent‐absorption‐powered intelligent curtain and an electrothermally driven bionic robotic arm.
A qualitative study of ICU nurses assisting in Wuhan who suffered from workplace violence during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Wu Guanhong , Lin Ying , Huang Xianghui , Zheng Jianshan , Chang Mengmeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the psychological experience and coping methods of nurses exposed to workplace violence and to propose measures to prevent and control workplace violence and provide psychological assistance for health workers.DesignWe adopted a phenomenological qualitative design. Twelve nurses in intensive care units assisting in Wuhan who experienced workplace violence during the COVID‐19 outbreak were selected using purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi‐structured individual telephone interviews and analysed using Colaizzi's 7‐step method.ResultsAnalysis revealed three main categories including “Full of negative emotions”, “Facing challenges and danger” and “Coping methods”. The subjects experienced stress, fear, anger, helplessness, disappointment, sympathy and job burnout after suffering from workplace violence. The coping methods for workplace violence mainly included seeking support and help, escaping, making explanations, exercising tolerance and confronting the issue.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution since nurses' experiences were explored.
Stability and temporal error estimate of scalar auxiliary variable schemes for the magnetohydrodynamics equations with variable density
Authors: Chen Hang , He Yuyu , Chen Hongtao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, we construct first‐ and second‐order semidiscrete schemes for the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with variable density based on scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach. These schemes are decoupled, unconditionally energy stable and only solve a sequence of linear differential equations at each time step. We carry out a rigorous error analysis for the first‐order SAV scheme in two‐dimensional case. Some numerical experiments are presented to verify the accuracy and stability.
Long‐term parental distress after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for nonmalignant diseases
Authors: Bense Joëll E. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Lankester Arjan C. , de Pagter Anne P. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurvival rates have continued to increase for pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for nonmalignant diseases. Despite the crucial role of caregivers in this high‐intensity treatment, knowledge about long‐term parental impact is lacking.ProcedureThis cross‐sectional study assessed parental distress and everyday problems in parents of patients 2 years and older after pediatric HSCT for a nonmalignant disease using Distress Thermometer for Parents (DT‐P), and compared outcomes to matched Dutch parents of healthy children and Dutch parents of children with a chronic condition (CC).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 5.3 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.9–8.6). Underlying diseases were inborn errors of immunity (N = 30), hemoglobinopathies (N = 13), and bone marrow failure (N = 27). Mothers of pediatric HSCT recipients (N = 70) reported comparable overall distress levels to mothers of healthy children, but experienced more distress related to parenting problems, specifically managing their child's emotions, discussing disease consequences, and fostering independence. Fathers of HSCT recipients (N = 45) reported higher overall distress levels and had more emotional distress compared to fathers of healthy children.ConclusionsOverall, parental distress and everyday problems of parents of HSCT recipients are comparable to those of parents of children with CC. However, there is ongoing parental burden, both emotional and in parenting, long‐term after HSCT compared to parents of healthy children, and the type of burden differs between mothers and fathers. These results indicate that individualized parental supportive care should not remain restricted to the acute hospitalization phase, but also be actively offered during long‐term follow‐up after pediatric HSCT.
Overcoming refusal of treatment in pediatric cancer without legal involvement: A descriptive case series from interviews with pediatric oncologists
Authors: Benedetti Daniel J. , Beskow Laura M. , Brown Amy E. Caruso 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo describe strategies that pediatric oncologists utilize to persuade families to initiate or continue chemotherapy after refusing treatment, we examined transcripts from interviews of oncologists with relevant experience. We identified three cases in which the pediatric oncologists’ approaches led to voluntary acceptance of recommended treatment without legal intervention. Strategies used include direct communication with alternative medicine providers, time‐limited trial of alternative therapy, and praying with the family. While we cannot conclude whether these approaches could be generalized to other cases, they offer ideas for pediatric oncologists to consider when facing the decision to seek judicial involvement or discontinue persuasive efforts.
Effects of anisotropy and off‐axis angle on buckling behavior of carbon/epoxy Z‐pin under axial pressure
Authors: Lin Chengxiang , Song Xiaowen , Wang Han , Cheng Liang , Wang Qing , Ke Yinglin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe axial buckling load of single carbon fiber or composite strands is typically predicted using Euler's formula, developed for isotropic materials. This study introduces anisotropy in a mechanical carbon/epoxy Z‐pin model under axial pressure. It examines the influence of compressive modulus, shear modulus, off‐axis angle, and aspect ratio on its buckling behavior. Results show that the axial instability performance of the Z‐pin decreases with lower compression, shear modulus, and aspect ratio while keeping the tensile modulus fixed. Anisotropy decreases buckling load by up to 14% compared with Euler's formula, which only considers tensile modulus. Additionally, the impact of the deflection Angle between the pressure and pin‐axis can be ignored when it is less than 3°.Highlights
Euler formula overestimates composite Z‐pin buckling force under axial pressure.
Anisotropy decreases buckling load by up to 14% for carbon/epoxy.
Shear modulus is more influential on Z‐pin with a small aspect ratio.
For off‐axial compression angles <3°, influence can be ignored.
Simulation of mechanical properties of HTPB‐based propellant by a viscoelastic spring lattice model
Authors: Xu Zhuoran , Hu Xu , Huang Yongmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn improved lattice spring model extended by viscoelastic part using the Maxwell model was applied to predict the mechanical properties of HTPB‐based solid propellants. The influence of both strain rate and temperature on the maximum elongation of HTPB‐based propellants was quantitatively analyzed by simulating the uniaxial tensile test, as well as the process of crack development during tensile loads. The results show that the maximum elongation of HTPB‐based propellant decreases as a power function along with the linear increase of strain rate. In contrast, the maximum stress increases as a power function. Increasing the temperature linearly, both the maximum stress and the maximum elongation decrease as a power function.
Urea‐Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP): Comparative study on the experimental detonation pressure of a non‐ideal explosive
Authors: Halleux Francis , Pons Jean‐François , Wilson Ian , Stennett Chris , Van Riet Romuald , Lefebvre Michel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbamide Peroxide, an adduct of Urea and Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP) industrially used as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide, exhibits the behaviour of a tertiary explosive but a detailed performance characterisation is still lacking in the literature. In this work, we calculated a 20 % experimental TNT equivalence for brisance, i. e. the shattering effect from the shock wave transmitted from the detonating high explosive into adjacent materials, by experimental indirect measurement of UHP detonation pressure. We determined a 3.5 GPa detonation pressure for 5 kg unconfined UHP charges (0.87 g/cm3, 120 mm charge diameter) by measuring the attenuated shock wave velocity (ASV) in adjacent inert materials using passive optical probes. Particle velocity measurements at the interface of a PMMA impedance window carried out with Photonic Doppler Velocimetry on scaled‐down charges of 90 g UHP under heavy confinement (0.85 g/cm3, 30 mm charge diameter, 4 mm thick steel) are consistent with ASV results in the PMMA acceptors but further investigations are required to determine the detonation pressure, using a small‐scale experimental setup. The ASV method has proven reliable to assess the brisance of a non‐ideal explosive for risk assessment purposes.
Links assignment scheme based on potential edges importance in dual‐layer wavelength routing optical satellite networks
Authors: Yang Jingkai , Ran Qiwen , Wu Hongyu , Ma Jing 
Published: August 2023

SummaryWith the development of the massive satellite constellation and the on‐orbit laser‐based communication equipment, wavelength routing optical satellite networks (WROSN) becomes a potential solution for on‐orbit, high‐capacity, and high‐speed communication. Since the inter‐satellite links (ISLs) are time‐varying, one of the fundamental considerations in the construction of the WROSN is assigning limited laser communication terminals for each satellite to establish ISLs with the visible satellites. Therefore, we propose a links assignment scheme (LAS) based on the potential edges importance matrix (PEIM) algorithm to construct a temporarily stable topology for a dual‐layer WROSN (DWROSN). The simulation results showed that the LAS based on the PEIM algorithm diminishes the long‐hops route path, reduces the average node‐to‐node distance, and saves the wavelength demand of the DWROSN. The node pair connectivity and wavelength demand in the DWROSN is a trade‐off problem. The research in this paper also brings a novel method for optimizing the route paths and reducing the wavelength demand of wavelength routing optical satellite networks, that is through designing the topology with a links assignment algorithm.
Observing the Evolution of Metal Oxides in Liquids
Authors: Kang Zewen , Zhang Junyu , Guo Xiaohua , Mao Yangfan , Yang Zhimin , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Zhao Peng , Chen Ai‐Zheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal oxides with diverse compositions and structures have garnered considerable interest from researchers in various reactions, which benefits from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in determining their morphologies, phase, structural and chemical information. Recent breakthroughs have made liquid‐phase TEM a promising imaging platform for tracking the dynamic structure, morphology, and composition evolution of metal oxides in solution under work conditions. Herein, this review introduces the recent advances in liquid cells, especially closed liquid cell chips. Subsequently, the recent progress including particle growth, phase transformation, self‐assembly, core–shell nanostructure growth, and chemical etching are introduced. With the late technical advances in TEM and liquid cells, liquid‐phase TEM is used to characterize many fundamental processes of metal oxides for CO2reduction and water‐splitting reactions. Finally, the outlook and challenges in this research field are discussed. It is believed this compilation inspires and stimulates more efforts in developing and utilizing in situ liquid‐phase TEM for metal oxides at the atomic scale for different applications.
Piezoelectric Effect Modulates Nanozyme Activity: Underlying Mechanism and Practical Application
Authors: Yu Xin , Wang Longwei , Zhu Zhiling , Han Xun , Zhang Jian , Wang Aizhu , Ding Longhua , Liu Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanozyme activity relies on surface electron transfer processes. Notably, the piezoelectric effect plays a vital role in influencing nanozyme activity by generating positive and negative charges on piezoelectric materials' surfaces. This article comprehensively reviews the potential mechanisms and practical applications of regulating nanozyme activity through the piezoelectric effect. The article first elucidates how the piezoelectric effect enables nanozymes to exhibit catalytic activity. It is highlighted that the positive and negative charges produced by this effect directly participate in redox reactions, leading to the conversion of materials from an inactive to an active state. Moreover, the piezoelectric field generated can enhance nanozyme activity by accelerating electron transfer rates or reducing binding energy between nanozymes and substrates. Practical applications of piezoelectric nanozymes are explored in the subsequent section, including water pollutant degradation, bacterial disinfection, biological detection, and tumor therapy, which demonstrate the versatile potentials of the piezoelectric effect in nanozyme applications. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research into the catalytic mechanisms of piezoelectric nanozymes, suggesting expanding the scope of catalytic types and exploring new application areas. Furthermore, the promising direction of synergistic catalytic therapy is discussed as an inspiring avenue for future research.