bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal anomaly diagnosis and termination of pregnancy
Authors: Graf William D. , Cohen Bruce H. , Kalsner Louisa , Pearl Phillip L. , Sarnat Harvey B. , Epstein Leon G. ,   the Ethics Committee of the Child Neurology Society
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this review was to discuss bioethics in prenatal diagnosis and health care after recent legislative and judicial changes affecting reproductive rights, such as the repeal of ‘Roe v. Wade’ in the United States. We recognize that abortion involves particular moralities that are not universal or shared by all cultures, groups, and individuals. We reviewed the historical aspects of embryology and personhood, fetal morbidity and mortality, and parental options for prenatal diagnostic testing. We examined relevant ethical issues including informed consent, the emergence of fetal pain, reproductive autonomy, the fiduciary responsibilities of pregnant mothers, and the obligations of physicians caring for the maternal–fetal dyad. The code of medical ethics includes respect for decisional privacy and the protection of information shared in confidence. When a fetal anomaly is diagnosed, pregnant mothers must be informed about the risks, burdens, and alternatives in either continuing or terminating the pregnancy. Parental choice should include the right to refuse testing, the informed choice not to know about certain genetic test results, and the right to make informed decisions about the best interests of the future child. In the diagnosis and care of fetal anomalies, moral dilemmas arise. Before fetal viability, the mother's autonomy, sense of beneficence, and personal values should be trusted and respected. Perinatal palliative care should be available to pregnant mothers whose anomalous fetus is carried to birth.
A phase I study of selinexor combined with weekly carfilzomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Derman Benjamin A , Chari Ajai , Zonder Jeffrey , Major Ajay , Stefka Andrew T , Jiang Ken , Karrison Theodore , Jasielec Jagoda , Jakubowiak Andrzej 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe performed a phase I study of weekly selinexor, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone (wSKd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). The primary objective was to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of wSKd. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Prior exposure/refractoriness to carfilzomib was permitted. Thirty patients were enrolled; 26 (87%) had triple‐class exposed disease and 6 (20%) received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy. Dose level 2 (carfilzomib 70 mg/m2 Intravenous [IV] on Days 1, 8, and 15; selinexor 100 mg PO on Days 1, 8, 15, 22; dexamethasone 40 mg on Days 1, 8, 15, 22 of 28‐day cycles) was chosen as the MTD, with no DLTs having occurred. The most common hematologic adverse events (AE) were thrombocytopenia (83%), anemia (70%), lymphopenia (50%), and neutropenia (50%). The most common nonhematologic AE were fatigue (70%), nausea (70%), diarrhea (53%), and anorexia (47%). The ORR was 21/30 (70%) overall and 18/23 (78%) at the MTD. At a median follow‐up of 12.3 months, the median PFS was 5.3 months and median OS 23.3 months. Responses were similar in carfilzomib naïve and exposed patients. Long‐term efficacy of wSKd is modest; wSKd could be employed as a bridging strategy to immunotherapies.
Mutational profile, outcomes, and impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and inconclusive cytogenetic analysis
Authors: Vasudevan Nampoothiri Ram , Tang Kenny , Schuh Andre , Lam Wilson , Maze Dawn , Michelis Fotios V. , Chan Steven , Gupta Vikas , Kim Dennis , Kumar Rajat , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Mattsson Jonas , Minden Mark , Schimmer Aaron , Sibai Hassan , Viswabandya Auro , Yee Karen , Murphy Tracy , Law Arjun D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundInconclusive cytogenetic analysis (IC) at baseline has been reported as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutational profile in this group of patients, and its impact on outcomes have not been reported.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed adult patients (≥18 years) with newly diagnosed AML treated with intensive induction chemotherapy between 2015 and 2019. Patients with any documented cytogenetic abnormalities were excluded. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in all patients. Baseline characteristics, mutation profile, and outcomes were compared between patients with normal cytogenetics(NC) and those with IC.ResultsSixty‐one patients (males 39.3%; median age 59 years) had IC at diagnosis. The proportion of patients with mutations in genes with proven prognostic impact were not different between AML patients with IC and NC. AML patients with NC were more likely to harbor the prognostically favorable NPM1mut/FLT3‐ITDwt mutational combination conferring “favorable” risk status. As a result, a larger proportion of patients in the IC group underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HCT; 54.1% vs. 39.6%; p = .02). The 2‐year RFS (55.9% vs. 58.5%; p = .29) and OS (61.9% vs. 66.9%; p = .48) were similar in IC and NC patients. There was no difference in survival of patients who underwent allo HCT when compared with patients who did not (p = .99).ConclusionsInconclusive cytogenetic analysis may not be an independent prognostic indicator in AML. In such patients, molecular abnormalities detected through NGS or whole genome sequencing are more likely to be informative.
A novel quantitative explanation for the fracture mechanism of sandstone containing a circular inclusion
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Ke , Bao Rui , Fan Wenchen , Xie Jianbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, uniaxial compressive tests combined with the digital image correlation (DIC) method are used to investigate the mechanical properties, fracture process, and failure pattern of sandstone containing a circular inclusion. A DIC‐based methodology is proposed to quantitatively explain the crack initiation and propagation mechanism. The identification criterion of crack type is presented based on the nature of cracks and the development trends of relative displacement. Three crack types, including tensile cracks, tensile–shear cracks, and shear cracks, with different cracking mechanisms are identified. The inhibitory effect of the inclusions on crack initiation and propagation is revealed. The inclusion–matrix debonding mechanism is further investigated, and it is found that the inclusion interface consists of tensile concentration zones on the left/right sides and compressive concentration zones on the top/bottom sides. The tensile concentration zone is the main reason for debonding of the inclusions from the sandstone matrix.
The effect of charcoal production on carbon cycling in African biomes
Authors: Sakala Dabwiso , Olin Stefan , Santos Maria J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing biomass for charcoal production in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) may change carbon stock dynamics and lead to irreversible changes in the carbon balance, yet we have little understanding of whether these dynamics vary by biome in this region. Currently, charcoal production contributes up to 7% of yearly deforestation in tropical regions, with carbon emissions corresponding to 71.2 million tonnes of CO2 and 1.3 million tonnes of CH4. With a projected increased demand for charcoal in the coming decades, even low harvest rates may throw the carbon budget off‐balance due to legacy effects. Here, we parameterized the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ‐GUESS for six SSA biomes and examined the effect of charcoal production on net ecosystem exchange (NEE), carbon stock sizes and recovery time for tropical rain forest, montane forest, moist savanna, dry savanna, temperate grassland and semi‐desert. Under historical charcoal regimes, tropical rain forests and montane forests transitioned from net carbon sinks to net sources, that is, mean cumulative NEE from −3.56 ± 2.59 kg C/m2 to 2.46 ± 3.43 kg C/m2 and −2.73 ± 2.80 kg C/m2 to 1.87 ± 4.94 kg C/m2 respectively. Varying charcoal production intensities resulted in tropical rain forests showing at least two times higher carbon losses than the other biomes. Biome recovery time varied by carbon stock, with tropical and montane forests taking about 10 times longer than the fast recovery observed for semi‐desert and temperate grasslands. Our findings show that high biomass biomes are disproportionately affected by biomass harvesting for charcoal, and even low harvesting rates strongly affect vegetation and litter carbon and their contribution to the carbon budget. Therefore, the prolonged biome recoveries imply that current charcoal production practices in SSA are not sustainable, especially in tropical rain forests and montane forests, where we observe longer recovery for vegetation and litter carbon stocks.
Health and quality of life of patients with haemophilia: A national study of 124 Danish men
Authors: Schnohr Christina , Ekholm Ola , Poulsen Lone Hvitfeldt , Lehrmann Lars , Andersen Terkel , Funding Eva , Holm Karen Binger , Bjorner Jakob Bue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeIn the past decades, haemophilia treatment has greatly improved the health of persons with haemophilia (PWH). This study compares PWH to the general population on social conditions and health.MethodsIn December 2021, all Danes with moderate or severe haemophilia A or B, or von Willebrands disease type 3 were invited to participate in an online self‐report survey concerning sociodemographic factors, self‐rated health, teeth status, chronic health conditions, symptoms and loneliness. This study compares responses from the 124 adult male PWH with responses from a male general population sample (N = 4849). Analyses used logistic regression, controlling for age and highest completed education.ResultsFewer PWH were in the oldest age group (65‐84 years). Controlling for age, no significant differences were found regarding cohabitation status or education. Fewer PWH were employed (OR = .48, [.33‐.71])—particularly in the 45–64 age group. PWH were less likely to report good health (OR = .49, [.31‐.77]). The odds of joint disease was much higher (OR = 13.00, [8.37‐20.28]). Also, hypertension (OR = 2.25, [1.13‐5.65]) and previous stroke (OR = 2.51, [1.44‐3.50]) were more frequent. PWH were more likely to report pain in the arms/hands/legs/hips (OR = 2.94, [1.92‐4.52]), but less likely to report pain in the head/neck/shoulder (OR = .66, [.45‐.96]).ConclusionThe disease burden of haemophilia has improved so PWH resembles the general population in areas such as marriage and education. However, even for young PWH, the disease still imposes a significant burden from hemophilia arthropathy and pain in extremities and joints. Middle‐aged PWH also have poorer levels of employment than same‐aged peers.
Unpacking the circular economy: A problematizing review
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Miller Elizabeth M. , Ovaska Jukka‐Pekka , Patala Samuli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransitioning to a circular economy (CE) model has been proposed to solve many grand environmental challenges. While research on CE has been extensively reviewed, less is known about the implicit underlying assumptions of this work. Understanding these assumptions is critical as they typically go unchallenged yet play a significant role in shaping research fields. In this paper we conduct a problematizing review to critically analyse and make explicit the in‐house, root metaphor and ideological assumptions that inform the framing of CE. Firstly, we demonstrate various in‐house assumptions about CE, such as an emphasis on the business case for CE and the relationship between CE and corporate sustainability. Secondly, root metaphor assumptions include circularity and industrial relationships resembling biological metabolisms. Finally, the dominant ideological assumptions‐neoliberalism and ecological modernization‐guide scholarly thinking about growth, consumption and profit maximization. Based on our analysis and drawing on the ongoing CE debates within broader environmental studies, we suggest new agendas for future research. We contribute to the growing literature on CE in business, management and organization studies by identifying assumptions that may be misleading or limiting for future CE research, as well as to the conversations on grand challenges by discussing the implications of how challenges and solutions are framed.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin in adults with Type 1 or 2 diabetes
Authors: Holloway Danielle , James Steven , Ekinci Elif , Craft Judy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundType 1 and 2 diabetes care, especially within primary health‐care settings, has traditionally involved doctor‐led clinics. However, with increasing chronic disease burden, there is scope for nurses to expand their role in assisting diabetes self‐management.AimsThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin in adults with Type 1 or 2 diabetes.MethodsMethodology from the Joanna Briggs Institute Method for Systematic Review Research and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, including identifying publications, assessing study quality, summarizing evidence and interpreting findings. The search strategy involved using the Medical Subject Headings and keyword variations when searching MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Inclusion criteria were samples with Type 1 or 2 diabetes, mean age of ≥18 years, English language studies and publication date of January 2011–December 2021.ResultsOverall, 34 articles from 16 countries met inclusion criteria. Though not always clinically significant, results indicated that nurse‐led care had beneficial impacts on glycated haemoglobin values, with reductions from 0.03% to 2.0%. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care.ConclusionsFindings support nurse‐led Type 1 and 2 diabetes care. Although further research is required, changes may necessitate increased recognition of nurse‐led care and funding. Nurse‐led care models should differ according to health‐care settings.
Les plateformes de travail numérique et l‘évolution de la main‐d‘œuvre en ligne en Fédération de Russie: une analyse sur dix ans
Authors: SHEVCHUK Andrey , STREBKOV Denis 
Published: February 2023

RésuméLes auteurs décrivent l'évolution du marché du travail indépendant en ligne en Fédération de Russie et dans l'espace postsoviétique. Les données proviennent d'une enquête originale, adressée à quatre reprises, entre 2009 et 2019, aux utilisateurs d'une grande plateforme d'intermédiation en langue russe, axée sur les métiers créatifs et l'économie du savoir. Plusieurs tendances se dégagent: expansion de l'aire de recrutement; diversification des spécialisations; féminisation, vieillissement et qualification de la main‐d'œuvre; péjoration de l'adéquation profil‐tâches; consolidation des parcours indépendants en ligne, plateformisation et formalisation. Les auteurs commentent ces évolutions et formulent des recommandations d'action en vue du développement futur du secteur en Fédération de Russie.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infections in hospitalized children before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Central China
Authors: Ren Lingshuang , Lin Li , Zhang Hua , Wang Qianli , Cheng Yibing , Liu Qin , Fang Bing , Xie Linsen , Wang Meng , Yang Juan , Guo Jinxin , Zhang Tianchen , Lian Hongkai , Wang Jiangtao , Yu Hongjie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, the epidemiology of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory viruses like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus was remarkably influenced by the implementation of non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our study explored the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with RSV or influenza infection before and during the pandemic after relaxation of NPIs in central China.MethodsThis hospital‐based prospective case‐series study screened pediatric inpatients (age ≤ 14 years) enrolled with acute respiratory infections (ARI) for RSV or influenza infection from 2018 to 2021. The changes in positivity rates of viral detection, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared.ResultsMedian ages of all eligible ARI patients from 2018–2019 were younger than those from 2020–2021, so were ages of cases infected with RSV or influenza (RSV: 4.2 months vs. 7.2 months; influenza: 27.3 months vs. 37.0 months). Where the positivity rate for influenza was considerably decreased in 2020–2021 (1.4%, 27/1964) as compared with 2018–2019 (2.9%, 94/3275, P < 0.05), it was increased for RSV (11.4% [372/3275] vs. 13.3% [262/1964], P < 0.05) in the same period. The number of severe cases for both RSV and influenza infection were also decreased in 2020–2021 compared with 2018–2019.ConclusionsThe implemented NPIs have had varied impacts on common respiratory viruses. A more effective prevention strategy for RSV infections in childhood is needed.
If they rise, will we fall? Social identity uncertainty and preference for collective victimhood rhetoric
Authors: Belavadi Sucharita , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntergroup status relations are in a constant flux, and groups monitor and pay attention to not only their own status as active and distinctive entities to ensure survival but also monitor the status and vitality of rival outgroups that are viewed as a threat to ingroup status. This study, set within the context of Indian religious intergroup relations, examines whether perceived outgroup vitality and status are associated with uncertainty about the ingroup's future and whether heightened uncertainty is associated with greater preference for leadership rhetoric that highlights ingroup collective victimhood and suffering. Indian Hindu (N = 163) participants recruited through MTurk completed measures of religious identification, outgroup vitality, and future uncertainty and were randomly assigned to read either a victimhood message or a pro‐diversity message by a prospective leader. Uncertainty about the ingroup's future mediated the relationship between outgroup vitality and leader support; leader speech moderated the relationship between uncertainty and leader support, such that under high uncertainty a leader who used victimhood speech was preferred. Implications for the ways in which leaders can gain influence by emphasizing subgroup suffering given the context of existential ingroup uncertainty is discussed.
Regulatory T cells differentiation in visceral adipose tissues contributes to insulin resistance by regulating JAZF‐1/PPAR‐γ pathway
Authors: Meng Fanping , Hao Po , Du Hongxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegulatory T cell (Treg) activity and differentiation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play an important role in inhibiting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Whether JAZF‐1 and PPAR‐γ mediate VAT Treg differentiation to promote the inhibition of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of JAZF‐1 and PPAR‐γ in VAT Treg differentiation, inflammation and insulin resistance using a transgenic mouse model. First, we determined that the levels of glucose and insulin biochemical markers in the JAZF‐1 transgenic general feeding or high‐fat groups were lower than those in the wild‐type general feeding or high‐fat groups. Second, the levels of CD4+, CD25+, and FOXP3+ differentiation markers in the JAZF‐1 transgenic general feeding or high‐fat groups were significantly higher than those in the wild‐type groups. PPAR‐γ inhibition was associated with low levels of CD4+, CD25+ and FOXP3+ differentiation markers. Third, the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in the JAZF‐1 transgenic groups were lower than those in the wild‐type groups, whereas IL‐10 and TGF‐β levels were higher in the JAZF‐1 transgenic groups than in the wild‐type groups. After using the PPAR‐γ inhibitor, we observed that TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 increased, while IL‐10 and TGF‐β decreased. We found that JAZF‐1 and PPAR‐γ could promote Tregs differentiation and regulate insulin resistance by synergistically decreasing the expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 and increasing those of IL‐10 and TGF‐β.
Core single nucleotide polymorphism analysis reveals transmission of Mycobacterium marinum between animal and environmental sources in two aquaria
Authors: Komine Takeshi , Srivorakul Saralee , Yoshida Mitsumi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Sugimoto Yuma , Inohana Mari , Fukano Hanako , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Kurata Osamu , Wada Shinpei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMycobacterium marinum is a slow‐growing, photochromogenic nontuberculous mycobacterium, which can cause mycobacteriosis in various animals, including humans. Several cases of fish mycobacteriosis have been reported to date. Mycobacterium marinum has also been isolated from aquatic environmental sources such as water, sand, biofilms, and plants in the natural environments. Hence, we hypothesized that a wide variety of sources could be involved in the transmission of M. marinum. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by isolating M. marinum from various sources such as fish, invertebrates, seagrass, periphytons, biofilms, sand, and/or water in two aquaria in Japan and conducting a phylogenetic analysis based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using whole‐genome sequences of the isolated strains. The analysis revealed that the strains from animal and environmental sources belonged to the same clusters. This molecular‐based study epidemiologically confirmed that various sources, including fish, invertebrates, and environmental sources, could be involved in transmission of M. marinum in a closed‐rearing environment. This is the first report where M. marinum was isolated from different sources, and various transmission routes were confirmed in actual cases, which provided essential information to improve the epidemiology of M. marinum.