bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a single rectal fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical severity and fecal microbial communities in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Pérez‐Accino Jorge , Salavati Mazdak , Glendinning Laura , Salavati Schmitz Silke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been advocated as a treatment for chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs. However, so far only short‐term clinical effects have been reported whereas the effect on the microbiota remains unexplored.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAssess if a single FMT enema can lead to clinical improvement in dogs with CE when accompanied by presumed favorable microbiota changes. The effect of glycerol as a cryopreservative when storing FMT preparations also was assessed.AnimalsSeven dogs with CE that received FMTs from 2 healthy donor dogs.Materials and MethodsSix dogs received a single FMT, 1 dog received 3 consecutive FMTs. Canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) and fecal samples were obtained before (Day 0), and 7, 30 and 90 days after FMT. Samples were stored with and without 10% glycerol. Sequencing of microbiota (16S rRNA, Illumina) was performed and compared by accepted analysis pipelines.ResultsMedian CCECAI before FMT was 8 (range, 5‐14), decreased to a median of 3 (range, 1‐12) within 1 week and a median of 1 (range, 0‐12) by Day 30 (P < .01), with an average duration of response of approximately 10 weeks. Significant variation in the donors' microbiota composition was observed across different donations. Recipient microbiota composition or diversity did not change over time. Glycerol addition was associated with a difference in microbiota composition (P ≤ .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA single FMT can be considered an appropriate treatment in dogs with CE, but consistent microbiota changes were not observed.
Comparison of clinical variables and outcome of 2 natural equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreaks induced by equine herpesvirus‐1 A2254/N752 strain in sport horses
Authors: de la Cuesta‐Torrado María , Velloso Alvarez Ana , Cárdenas‐Rebollo José Miguel , Neira‐Egea Patricia , Vitale Valentina , Cuervo‐Arango Juan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding of equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is complicated by disparities among studies.ObjectiveCompare clinical findings and outcome in horses involved in 2 recent EHM outbreaks.AnimalsTwenty‐five and 10 horses affected during 2 natural EHM outbreaks were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) in 2021 and 2023, respectively.MethodsData collected from the VTH and surveys completed by riders and horse owners were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsNo risk factors associated with EHM development showed significant differences between the outbreaks; both outbreaks were caused by A2254/N752 strains. Treatments administered for EHM were not significantly different, whereas the duration was longer in 2021 for flunixin meglumine (P = .01) and dimethyl sulfoxide (P < .001). In 2021, more horses required hospitalization (P = .02), and fatality rate was 32%, whereas in 2023, no patient died. Hospitalization duration was longer in 2021 than in 2023 (P = .06) and 11.7% of horses from 2021 returned to competition within 6 months, whereas 100% in 2023 did (P < .001). Ataxia grade upon admission was equivalent in 2021 and 2023, but factors related to poor prognosis, such as simultaneous development of urinary and vascular complications, occurred in 2021 but not in 2023 (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTwo EHM outbreaks caused by the A2254/N752 strain differed in disease severity. Urinary complications and systemic signs of vasculitis were important clinical variables associated with prognosis. Systemic complications in horses with EHM lead to a worse prognosis.
Marine Fish Passage—Underappreciated Threats to Connectivity Within the Marine Environment
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Bate Caitlin , Cooke Steven J. , Haraldstad Tormod , Berhe Saron , Penney Heather D. , Bangley Charles W. , Vollset Knut Wiik , Piczak Morgan L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHabitat fragmentation is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity loss. However, much of the focus is on the connectivity of freshwaters, with much less attention given to marine ecosystems. We contend that coastal infrastructure including bridges, causeways, tidal turbines, land infilling and harbours, wharfs, quays, piers and docks have resulted in underappreciated impacts on the connectivity of fish movements resulting in passage challenges at sea. For each type of marine infrastructure, we synthesised the present status of knowledge to characterise the problems and future challenges and also identify mitigation options and passage solutions to restore connectivity for fishes. Bridges can disrupt currents, generate light and noise/vibration, and emit electromagnetic signals, so more work is needed to modify in‐water designs to minimise the negative impacts on fishes. Causeways involve infilling, resulting in full in‐water barriers, requiring fishes to circumnavigate these structures and there is limited research on mitigation (e.g., fishways). Tidal turbines are placed in areas with high currents, which can hinder movements and result in entrainment; however, monitoring fish movements is challenging in these unique areas. Offshore energy has grown in recent years and can impact fish connectivity via altered sediment dynamics and water currents, as well as through the generation of noise pollution and electromagnetic fields. Land filling results not only in habitat loss but also in fragmentation, and it will be imperative to identify important habitats and corridors to minimise impacts there. Finally, infrastructure associated with boats (e.g., harbours, docks) negatively impacts nearshore habitat, which can alter movement trajectories. In the collective, we found evidence that diverse types of marine infrastructure can impact connectivity and, ultimately, fish movement and migrations. Interestingly,bespoke fish passage solutions in marine environments seem rare. As coastal development will increase in the future, it is imperative that we assess the potential connectivity issues resulting from marine infrastructure and that we generate solutions to mitigate these issues for marine organisms.
Petrology and shock history of hybrid lunar feldspathic–troctolitic breccia Northwest Africa 11515
Authors: Li Y. , McCausland P. J. A. , Flemming R. L. , Osinski G. R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLunar impact breccia meteorites contain clasts from unknown lunar regions, including areas not studied by past missions. These meteorites offer a unique opportunity to expand our knowledge of the Moon's crustal and mantle composition and processes. The recently classified lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11515 is a moderately shocked feldspathic breccia with anorthite plagioclase and mafic minerals. In this work, we report the shock history of lithic clasts using 2‐D micro‐X‐ray diffraction, detailed mineralogy from micro‐X‐ray fluorescence, and electron probe microanalysis. NWA 11515 shows moderately shocked anorthite and highly shocked olivine and pyroxene. The plagioclase composition is invariant (An96.4 ± 0.7, n = 52), with variable mafic clasts overlapping Mg‐ and FAN‐suite lithologies (Mg# 84.5 to 45.6 for olivine; Mg# 85.6 to 32.2 for pyroxene), similar to KREEP‐depleted troctolites in Allan Hills A81005. Spinel‐group oxides vary from aluminous spinel to chromite and ulvöspinel. We also observed slow‐cooled augite Ca‐poor pyroxene exsolution clasts and fast‐quenched fine‐grained anorthite–olivine co‐crystallized clasts (<5 μm), indicating different cooling histories. Combining petrological observations with published geochemical data, we show NWA 11515 has the mixed lithology of ferroan anorthosites with KREEP‐poor magnesian rock fragments. With shock analysis, the materials are likely from a crater with minimum size of 7 km. Finally, we examined the published geochemical data for other lunar meteorites and hypothesize that other typical feldspathic breccias could contain magnesian clasts, suggesting the subdivision of typical feldspathic breccia into magnesian clast‐hosting breccia and ferroan feldspathic breccia. This implies that non‐KREEP magnesian magmatism might be more widespread in the post‐LMO era on lunar highlands.
Evolved and Plastic Gene Expression in Adaptation of a Specialist Fly to a Novel Niche
Authors: Steward Rachel A. , Ortega Giménez Jesús , Choudhary Shruti , Moss Oliver , Su Yi , Van Aken Olivier , Runemark Anna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHow gene expression evolves to enable divergent ecological adaptation and how changes in gene expression relate to genomic architecture are pressing questions for understanding the mechanisms enabling adaptation and ecological speciation. Furthermore, how plasticity in gene expression can both contribute to and be affected by the process of ecological adaptation is crucial to understanding gene expression evolution, colonisation of novel niches and response to rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate the role of constitutive and plastic gene expression differences between host races, or host‐specific ecotypes, of the peacock fly Tephritis conura, a thistle bud specialist. By cross‐fostering larvae to new buds of their natal host plant or the alternative, novel host plant, we uncover extensive constitutive differences in gene expression between the host races, especially genes associated with processing of host plant chemicals. However, evidence for expression plasticity was minimal and limited to the ancestral host race. Genes with host race‐specific expression are found more often than expected within a large inversion in the T. conura genome, adding to evidence that inversions are important for enabling diversification in the face of gene flow and underscores that altered gene expression may be key to understanding the evolutionary consequences of inversions.
The theory and practice of non‐territorial autonomy in Europe—A historical perspective
Authors: Germane Marina , Kuzmany Börries , Smith David J 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe concept of nonterritorial autonomy (NTA), which aims at separating the notions of the nation and territory, has received many practical implementations—in different forms and guises and in a variety of political settings—since the beginning of the 20th century. It has also become increasingly important for the theoretical debates surrounding issues of ethnic diversity and minority accommodation in a world of nation‐states. But as far as the link between NTA theory and the actual case studies exists, it has been primarily connecting theoretical and normative debates with contemporary, post‐1991 case studies. Our proposed themed section bridges the existing gap between the theory of NTA and its historical applications in Central and Eastern Europe, providing a fresh perspective on associational, political and legal aspects of nation‐building prior to World War II and beyond in the process. Bringing together seven scholars with a long‐standing interest in NTA for an energetic multidisciplinary revision of the history of the concept and its practical applications, our themed section aims at shedding new light on broader topics such as nation‐building, ethnic relations, minority activism and contemporary normative debates on individual and group rights.
Clinical Characteristics of Headache in Older Patients Visiting a Regional Headache Center in Japan
Authors: Kikui Shoji , Danno Daisuke , Ishizaki Kumiko , Sugiyama Hanako , Murakata Kenji , Ota Kuniko , Kashiwaya Yoshihiro , Takeshima Takao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of older Japanese patients with headache.MethodsWe collected data for 212 consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years who visited the Tominaga Hospital Headache Center between January 1 and December 31, 2018. The headaches were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition.ResultsThe mean patient age was 72.9 ± 5.7 years. Sixty‐two patients (29.2%) were male and 150 (70.8%) were female. The diagnoses were primary headache (75.9%), secondary headache (6.1%), facial pain syndrome (16.0%), and others (1.9%). Primary headaches occurred predominantly in women (71.4%) and included migraine (36.6%), tension‐type headache (TTH, 56.5%), cluster headache (1.2%), and others (5.6%). The migraine subtypes were migraine without aura (27.1%) and migraine with aura (32.2%). Chronic migraine occurred in 40.7% of patients, with 11 cases involving medication overuse. TTHs could be episodic (59.3%) or chronic (40.7%). The most common secondary headaches were infection‐related (38.4%) or vascular (23.1%). Facial pain syndrome included occipital neuralgia (67.6%), typical trigeminal neuralgia (23.5%), and painful trigeminal neuropathy (8.8%).ConclusionsApproximately 75% of older patients with headache had a primary headache disorder, with TTH being the most common. Chronic headache, including chronic migraine and chronic TTH, was found in 28.7% of patients, indicating a high prevalence among older patients. Secondary headache is reportedly common in older patients but was found in only 6.1% of patients in this study, possibly because cases requiring urgent care tend to visit an emergency room rather than a headache clinic.
Reworking Nursing Expertise: Directors of Nursing's Tactics to (Re)Connect Knowledge and Power in Hospital Governance
Authors: Martini Dieke , Noordegraaf Mirko , Schoonhoven Lisette , Spits Jet , Van Bokhorst Pauline , Lalleman Pieterbas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTShared governance in hospitals promotes the inclusion of nurses' expertise, knowledge and skills in organisational processes, and nurses increasingly fulfil positions in organisational hierarchies. However, incorporating nursing expertise in strategic governance structures might be complicated, as these structures are primarily linked to managerial and biomedical expertise. Drawing on a Foucauldian perspective on knowledge and power, intertwined and embedded in everyday (inter)actions, we study how newly appointed directors of nursing challenge these dominant ‘modes of knowing’. By focusing on a (Dutch) healthcare organisation, a large academic medical centre, we gained insight into how the history of director of nursing roles relates to how nursing expertise is valued. We gathered qualitative data (from multiple sources) to get close to the daily practices of these directors. In this way, we were able to highlight three tactics that enable directors to relate to new ‘knowledge‐power knots’: (1) positioning, by creating more unity; (2) profiling, by showing significance and (3) powering, by being alert and intervening. With these tactics, the directors of nursing try to embed themselves and their expertise in hospital governance. This study contributes to an everyday understanding of power and the tactics that directors of nursing employ as an ongoing practice. This provides practical starting points for embedding nursing in governance and decision‐making.
Manipulating stomatal aperture by silencing StSLAC1 affects potato plant–herbivore–parasitoid tritrophic interactions under drought stress
Authors: He Xiaoli , Wang Yizhou , Munawar Asim , Zhu Jinxian , Zhong Jian , Zhang Yadong , Guo Han , Zhu Zengrong , Baldwin Ian T. , Zhou Wenwu 
Published: January 2025

Summary
The effects of drought stress on stomatal opening dynamics, plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and plant–insect interactions have been well‐documented individually, but how they interact mechanistically remains poorly studied.
Here, we studied how drought‐triggered stomatal closure affects VOC emission and plant–trophic interactions by combining RNAi silencing, molecular biological and chemical analyses (GC‐MS) of a potato‐tuber moth‐egg parasitoid tritrophic system.
Drought stress attenuated stomatal apertures and VOC emissions, which made the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants more attractive to the herbivore but less attractive to the parasitoid. Stomatal aperture manipulations through StSLAC1 gene knockdown and chemical treatments (ABA and 5‐aminolevulinic acid) consistently affected drought‐triggered VOC emissions and plant–herbivore–parasitoid interactions, supporting aperture‐dependent VOC emission. RNA‐Seq analysis revealed that drought stress did not transcriptionally inhibit VOC biosynthesis.
Collectively, our findings are consistent with the stomatal regulation of plant–insect interactions through the modulation of VOC emissions under drought stress. This highlights the intricate interplay between stomatal dynamics, VOC emission and plant–insect interactions.
Health and Social Problems of Refugee Women and Their Children: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Adibelli Derya , Şahan Özlem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveWe intend to examine the health and social problems of refugee women and their children in this research.DesignA qualitative case study.SampleWe conducted this study between December 2022 and January 2023 with 19 refugee women aged 18–49 years.MeasurementsWe used the snowball sampling method for data collection, and individual in‐depth interviews were conducted. We completely transcribed the interviews and then main themes and sub‐themes were created. To ensure reliability, two independent external coders were asked to code the themes and sub‐themes, and Kappa analysis was performed according to the results. We found the Kappa analysis value as 0.87. After the analysis of the study data, we conducted the thematic content analysis on the Nvivo 10 software.ResultsWe emerged the main themes following the qualitative data analysis were (1) experiences during migration, (2) communication while receiving health services, (3) childhood immunization status, (4) deciding to have a child, (5) deciding on the number of children, (6) use of family planning methods, and (7) the person with priority in the family.ConclusionThis research indicated that childhood immunization in refugee children was inadequate, refugee women did not know about family planning methods, and even if they did, they did not use these methods because they wanted to have many children.
BBX22 enhances the accumulation of antioxidants to inhibit DNA damage and promotes DNA repair under high UV‐B
Authors: Job Nikhil , Dwivedi Shubhi , Lingwan Maneesh , Datta Sourav 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnder changing climatic conditions, plant exposure to high‐intensity UV‐B can be a potential threat to plant health and all plant‐derived human requirements, including food. It's crucial to understand how plants respond to high UV‐B radiation so that proper measures can be taken to enhance tolerance towards high UV‐B stress. We found that BBX22, a B‐box protein‐coding gene, is strongly induced within one hour of exposure to high‐intensity UV‐B. Our metabolomics data indicated that BBX22 promotes the accumulation of antioxidants like ascorbic acid and proline. These antioxidants play a vital role in shielding plants exposed to high UV‐B from the detrimental effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), including DNA damage. Additionally, BBX22 promotes DNA damage repair by inducing the expression of DNA repair genes like UVR1 and UVR3. BBX22 directly binds to the promoter of UVR1 to regulate its expression. Furthermore, BBX22 indirectly induces the expression of UVR1 and UVR3 by enhancing the binding of HY5 to their promoters. Together, these results suggest a multi‐pronged role of BBX22 in protection against high‐intensity UV‐B. Enhancing BBX22 levels or its orthologs in different plant species can potentially offer DNA damage protection and tolerance against intense UV radiation.
The impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task
Authors: Sönmez Özde , Holstein Elfriede , Puschmann Sebastian , Schmitt Tina , Witt Karsten , Thiel Christiane M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) offers a non‐invasive method to enhance noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human brain, thereby increasing cognitive control. Here, we investigate if changes in cognitive control induced by tVNS are mediated through locus coeruleus‐induced modifications of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Young healthy participants engaged in a simple cognitive control task focusing on response inhibition and a more complex task that involved both response inhibition and working memory, inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The tasks were executed using a randomized within‐subject design, with participants undergoing auricular tVNS and sham stimulation in separate sessions. tVNS significantly changed performance in the simple control task reflected in a greater propensity to respond. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during the simple cognitive control task under tVNS. Functional connectivity analyses revealed positive coupling between neural activity in the locus coeruleus and anterior cingulate cortex, however, this was not modulated by tVNS. The findings suggest that non‐invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve can modulate neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. While these neural effects suggest an impact of tVNS in a key region involved in conflict monitoring and cognitive control, the behavioral effects are more indicative of a shift in response bias rather than enhanced cognitive control.
Toward risk analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on the deliberate biological threat landscape
Authors: Walsh Matthew E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe perception that the convergence of biological engineering and artificial intelligence (AI) could enable increased biorisk has recently drawn attention to the governance of biotechnology and AI. The 2023 Executive Order, Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, requires an assessment of how AI can increase biorisk. Within this perspective, quantitative and qualitative frameworks for evaluating biorisk are presented. Both frameworks are exercised using notional scenarios and their benefits and limitations are then discussed. Finally, the perspective concludes by noting that assessment and evaluation methodologies must keep pace with advances of AI in the life sciences.
Adaptation of the Chinese Ethnic to the Manado Local Community
Authors: Suryani Khotimah , Raya Moch. Khafidz Fuad , Mahmutarom  , Hernawati Sari 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to the study of adaptation aspects of ethnic Chinese in Eastern Indonesia today by emphasizing the long history of the existence dynamics of this ethnic group through the affirmation of its identity and the acceleration of its trans‐local relations. This article investigates the strategies of the Chinese‐Manadonese diaspora in terms of socio‐cultural, business and political aspects. This study uses qualitative‐interpretive methods with two methods of data collection: publications and field excavations, such as observation and interviews, with participants from several Chinese Manadonese. This study found that ethnic Chinese, in their adaptation mission, use economic expansion efforts, maintain their Chinese names based on their sub‐ethnicity, establish educational foundations and form internal cross‐ethnic networking communities and involvement in government politics. This study argues that the adaptation mission of ethnic minorities starts from economic expansion, strengthening identity and seeking asylum in government politics in their diaspora countries.