bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axion dark matter with thermal friction
Authors: Choi Kiwoon , Im Sang Hui , Kim Hee Jung , Seong Hyeonseok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cosmological evolution of axion field in the early universe might be significantly affected by a thermal friction induced by the axion coupling to thermalized hidden sector. We examine the effects of such a thermal friction on axion dark matter density and its perturbation when the thermal friction dominates over the Hubble friction until when the axion field begins to oscillate around the potential minimum. We show that in the presence of sizable thermal friction there can be an exponential decay phase of the axion field before the oscillation phase, during which the axion energy density is efficiently dissipated into hidden thermal bath. Consequently, the previously excluded parameter region due to overclosing relic axion density becomes cosmologically viable with thermal friction. In particular, a QCD axion much lighter than μeV is viable without tuning the initial misalignment angle. We also find that thermal friction can affect the density perturbation of axion dark matter in various ways. For instance, it can alleviate the large-scale isocurvature bound on axion dark matter in the pre-inflationary PQ breaking scenario, which would make the pre-inflationary axion dark matter compatible with high scale inflation over a wide range of model parameters. In the post-inflationary PQ breaking scenario, thermal friction can also significantly change the scaling behavior of axionic strings, and therefore the typical size of the resultant axion miniclusters.
Twistors, the ASD Yang-Mills equations and 4d Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Bittleston Roland , Skinner David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe show that the approaches to integrable systems via 4d Chern-Simons theory and via symmetry reductions of the anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations are closely related, at least classically. Following a suggestion of Kevin Costello, we start from holomorphic Chern-Simons theory on twistor space, defined with the help of a meromorphic (3,0)-form Ω. If Ω is nowhere vanishing, it descends to a theory on 4d space-time with classical equations of motion equivalent to the anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Examples include a 4d analogue of the Wess-Zumino-Witten model and a theory of a Lie algebra valued scalar with a cubic two derivative interaction. Under symmetry reduction, these yield actions for 2d integrable systems. On the other hand, performing the symmetry reduction directly on twistor space reduces holomorphic Chern-Simons theory to the 4d Chern-Simons theory with disorder defects studied by Costello & Yamazaki. Finally we show that a similar reduction by a single translation leads to a 5d partially holomorphic Chern-Simons theory describing the Bogomolny equations.
Screening inflammatory protein biomarkers on premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Dong Huifang , Zhang Lingling , Li Bingbing , Li Jing , Chen Yanshan , Richard Seidu A. , Xu Yiran , Zhu Changlian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore potential inflammatory biomarkers for early prediction of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants.

Methods
Plasma samples were collected from premature infants with NEC (n = 30), sepsis (n = 29), and controls without infection (n = 29). The 92 inflammatory-related proteins were assessed via high-throughput OLINK proteomics platform.

Results
There were 11 inflammatory proteins that significate differences (p < 0.05) among NEC, sepsis and control preterm infants, which include IL-8, TRAIL, IL-24, MMP-10, CCL20, CXCL1, OPG, TSLP, MCP-4, TNFSF14 and LIF. A combination of these 11 proteins could serve as differential diagnosis between NEC and control infants (AUC = 0.972), or between NEC and sepsis infants (AUC = 0.881). Furthermore, the combination of IL-8, OPG, MCP-4, IL-24, LIF and CCL20 could distinguish Stage II and III of NEC (AUC = 0.977). Further analysis showed the combination of IL-8, IL-24 and CCL20 have the best prediction value for NEC and control (AUC = 0.947), NEC and sepsis (AUC = 0.838) and different severity of NEC (AUC = 0.842).

Conclusion
Inflammatory proteins were different expressed in premature infants with NEC compared with controls or sepsis. Combining these proteins provide a higher diagnostic potential for preterm NEC infants.
Developments in the understanding of staging a “major fracture” in polytrauma: results from an initiative by the polytrauma section of ESTES
Authors: Kalbas Yannik , Klingebiel Felix Karl-Ludwig , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Kumabe Yohei , Scherer Julian , Teuben Michel , Pfeifer Roman , Pape Hans-Christoph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although the term “major fracture” is commonly used in the management of trauma patients, it is defined insufficiently to date. The polytrauma section of ESTES is trying to develop a more standardized use and a definition of the term. In this process, a standardized literature search was undertaken. We test the hypothesis that the understanding of “major fractures” has changed and is modified by a better understanding of patient physiology.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the Medline and EMBASE databases was conducted in March 2022. Original studies that investigated surgical treatment strategies in polytraumatized patients with fractures were included: This included timing, sequence and type of operative treatment. A qualitative synthesis regarding the prevalence of anatomic regions of interest and core factors determining decision-making was performed. Data were stratified by decades.

Results
4278 articles were identified. Of these, 74 were included for qualitative evaluation: 50 articles focused on one anatomic region, 24 investigated the relevance of multiple anatomic regions. Femur fractures were investigated most frequently (62) followed by pelvic (22), spinal (15) and tibial (15) fractures. Only femur (40), pelvic (5) and spinal (5) fractures were investigated in articles with one anatomic region of interest. Before 2010, most articles focused on long bone injuries. After 2010, fractures of pelvis and spine were cited more frequently. Additional determining factors for decision-making were covered in 67 studies. These included chest injuries (42), TBI (26), hemorrhagic shock (25) and other injury-specific factors (23). Articles before 2000 almost exclusively focused on chest injury and TBI, while shock and injury-specific factors (e.g., soft tissues, spinal cord injury, and abdominal trauma) became more relevant after 2000.

Conclusion
Over time, the way “major fractures” influenced surgical treatment strategies has changed notably. While femur fractures have long been the only focus, fixation of pelvic and spinal fractures have become more important over the last decade. In addition to the fracture location, associated conditions and injuries (chest trauma and head injuries) influence surgical decision-making as well. Hemodynamic stability and injury-specific factors (soft tissue injuries) have increased in importance over time.
No correlation exists between coracoid tunnel widening and loss of reduction after arthroscopic acromioclavicular fixation using tightrope system
Authors: Elkalyoby Ahmed Samir , Waly Mohamed Refaat , Abdelrazek Begad Hesham Mostafa Zaky , Mohamed Ahmed Rizk , Shohayeb Khaled , Seifeldin Ahmed Fouad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To detect the widening of the tunnel of the coracoid process after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation using the TightRope system and its correlation with loss of reduction and functional scores.

Methods
From 2016 to 2018, a prospective study was performed on twenty-three patients with acute grade III–V ACJ dislocation. Arthroscopic TightRope repair of the ACJ was performed. Coracoid tunnel widening was measured by CT, and the coracoclavicular distance was measured on the radiographs immediately postoperatively and at 12 months. The Constant Shoulder Score, Oxford Shoulder Score, Nottingham Clavicle Score and Visual analog scale were used as outcome measures at 12 months.

Results
The coracoid tunnel diameter to horizontal coracoid diameter ratio increased from 22.8 ± 3.7% immediately postoperatively to 38.5 ± 5.5% at 12 months (p < 0.001). The coracoclavicular (CC) distance showed an increase from a mean of 10.8 ± 1.7 mm to a mean of 11.8 ± 2.5 at 12 months (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the increase in the coracoclavicular distance and the patients’ functional clinical scores or coracoid tunnel widening.

Conclusion
Coracoid tunnel widening and radiological loss of reduction occur after arthroscopic fixation of acute ACJ dislocation with the TightRope system. However, they do not correlate with each other or with the functional scores of the patient.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Influence of aging treatments on 17–4 PH stainless steel parts realized using material extrusion additive manufacturing technologies
Authors: Pellegrini Alessandro , Lavecchia Fulvio , Guerra Maria Grazia , Galantucci Luigi Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe most relevant criticalities of parts produced by material extrusion additive manufacturing technologies are lower mechanical properties than standard material performances, the presence of pores caused by the manufacturing method, and issues related to the interface between layers and rods. In this context, heat treatments can be considered an effective solution for tailoring the material behavior to different application fields, especially when using precipitation hardening stainless steels. In this work, aging treatments were conducted on parts realized using three different extrusion-based processes: Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing, bound metal deposition, and fused filament fabrication. Two conditions of direct aging (H900 and H1150) were considered with the aim of comparing the response of properties in the opposite conditions of peak-aged and overaged. The hardness tests revealed that H900 aging significantly influenced hardness (max increase of 52%), and porosity (− 34.3% with respect to the as-sintered condition). On the other hand, the H1150 aging decreased the hardness (− 18% max) and porosity (− 32.2% max). Substantial differences among the microstructures due to grain size and δ-ferrite were illustrated. A statistical test was included to better highlight the influence of the heat treatment on the investigated properties.
Revealed preference tests for price competition in multi-product differentiated markets
Authors: Yasui Yuta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssumptions of competitive structure are often crucial for marginal cost estimation and counterfactual predictions. This paper introduces tests for price competition among multi-product firms. The tests are based on the firm’s revealed preference (revealed profit function). In contrast to other approaches based on estimated demand functions such as conduct parameter estimation, the proposed tests do not require any instrumental variables, even though the models can accommodate structural error terms. In this paper, I employ a demand structure introduced by Nocke and Schutz (Econometrica 86(2):523–557, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA14720), the discrete/continuous choice model, which nests the multinomial logit demand and CES demand functions. Any price and quantity data can be rationalized by price competition under a discrete/continuous choice model and increasing marginal costs. Adding more assumptions to the demand functions, such as logit, CES, or the co-evolving and log-concave property produces some falsifiable restrictions.
Impact of environmental factors on diversity of fungi in sediments from the Shenzhen River Estuary
Authors: Lin Wenzhen , Liu Xin , Gong Linfeng , Liu Ruzhen , Ling Minghuang , Guo Chiming , Meng Hongyan , Luo Zhuhua , Du Xiaona , Guo Ying , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, to explore the relationship between environmental factors and fungal diversity in the Shenzhen River ecosystem, multiple methods including chemical analysis, culture isolation, qPCR analysis of fungal ITS region and ITS-based Illumina next-generation-sequencing were integrated. A total of 115 isolates were finally isolated and could be classified into 23 genera. Top three abundant genera isolated were Meyerozyma (18 strains), Aspergillus (17 strains) and Penicillium (14 strains). Based on the Illumina sequencing approach, 829 OTUs were affiliated to seven phyla, 17 known classes, and 162 genera, indicating the Shenzhen estuary sediments are rich in fungal diversity. The major fungal genera were Meyerozyma, Trichoderma and Talaromyces. Environmental factors showed a gradient change in Shenzhen estuary, and fungal abundance was only significantly correlated with NH4+. Shannon index was significantly correlated with pH and IC (P < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis based on OTU level grouped into three clusters among sampling sites along with the IC and pH gradient. Functional guilds analysis suggests most of the fungi in this studying area were almost all saprotrophs, suggesting a large number of saprophytic fungi may play a significant role in the organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling process. In summary, this study will deepen our understanding of fungi community in Shenzhen River ecosystem and their distribution and potential function shaped by environmental factors.
Moss and Liverwort Covers Structure Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities Differently in the Icelandic Highlands
Authors: Ortiz-Rivero Javier , Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Heiðmarsson Starri , de los Ríos Asunción 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCryptogamic covers extend over vast polar tundra regions and their main components, e.g., bryophytes and lichens, are frequently the first visible colonizers of deglaciated areas. To understand their role in polar soil development, we analyzed how cryptogamic covers dominated by different bryophyte lineages (mosses and liverworts) influence the diversity and composition of edaphic bacterial and fungal communities as well as the abiotic attributes of underlying soils in the southern part of the Highlands of Iceland. For comparison, the same traits were examined in soils devoid of bryophyte covers. We measured an increase in soil C, N, and organic matter contents coupled with a lower pH in association with bryophyte cover establishment. However, liverwort covers showed noticeably higher C and N contents than moss covers. Significant changes in diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities were revealed between (a) bare and bryophyte-covered soils, (b) bryophyte covers and the underlying soils, and (c) moss and liverworts covers. These differences were more obvious for fungi than bacteria, and involved different lineages of saprotrophic and symbiotic fungi, which suggests a certain specificity of microbial taxa to particular bryophyte groups. In addition, differences observed in the spatial structure of the two bryophyte covers may be also responsible for the detected differences in microbial community diversity and composition. Altogether, our findings indicate that soil microbial communities and abiotic attributes are ultimately affected by the composition of the most conspicuous elements of cryptogamic covers in polar regions, which is of great value to predict the biotic responses of these ecosystems to future climate change.
Construction of a nomogram model for predicting peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer: focused on cardiophrenic angle lymph node features
Authors: Gu Xiaolong , Li Yang , Shi Gaofeng , Yang Li , Feng Hui , Yang Yang , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
A different treatment was used when peritoneal metastases (PM) occurred in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Certain cancers' peritoneal metastasis could be predicted by the cardiophrenic angle lymph node (CALN). This study aimed to establish a predictive model for PM of gastric cancer based on the CALN.

Methods
Our center retrospectively analyzed all GC patients between January 2017 and October 2019. Pre-surgery computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on all patients. The clinicopathological and CALN features were recorded. PM risk factors were identified via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using these CALN values. Using the calibration plot, the model fit was assessed. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to assess the clinical utility.

Results
126 of 483 (26.1%) patients were confirmed as having peritoneal metastasis. These relevant factors were associated with PM: age, sex, T stage, N stage, enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes (ERLN), CALN, the long diameter of the largest CALN (LD of LCALN), the short diameter of the largest CALN (SD of LCALN), and the number of CALNs (N of CALNs). The multivariate analysis illustrated that the LD of LCALN (OR = 2.752, p < 0.001) was PM’s independent risk factor in GC patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.907 (95% CI 0.872–0.941), demonstrating good performance in the predictive value of PM. There is excellent calibration evident from the calibration plot, which is close to the diagonal. The DCA was presented for the nomogram.

Conclusion
CALN could predict gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. The model in this study provided a powerful predictive tool for determining PM in GC patients and helping clinicians allocate treatment.
Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit während der Peripartalzeit – eine narrative Übersicht
Authors: Gries S. , Teichmann N. S. , Beck-Hiestermann F. M. L. , Strauß B. , Gumz A. 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie und die darauffolgenden Maßnahmen der Regierung waren mit drastischen Einschnitten in das Leben nahezu aller Menschen assoziiert. Betroffen waren v. a. vulnerable Gruppen, darunter schwangere Frauen und Mütter in der postpartalen Phase.

Fragestellung
Ziel des Reviews war die Untersuchung des Einflusses der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von schwangeren Frauen und Mütter in der Postpartalzeit anhand von Symptomen bezüglich Stress, Angst, Depression und posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Weiterhin wurde nach Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren gesucht, die zur Entstehung oder zur Vorbeugung postpartaler psychischer Erkrankungen während der Pandemie beitragen.

Material und Methode
Die Literatursuche erfolgte via PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX und Ovid Medline von April bis Juni 2021. Extrahiert wurden Angst‑, Depressions‑, Stress- und PTBS-Symptome sowie potenzielle Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 19 relevante Studien mit 44.709 Teilnehmerinnen aufgenommen. Beinahe alle Studien verzeichneten einen Anstieg der Angst‑, Depressions‑, Stress- und PTBS-Symptome während der Pandemie. Finanzielle, intrafamiliäre Stressoren sowie die Sorge um das Kind wurden als Risikofaktor für die Entstehung postpartaler psychischer Erkrankungen während der Pandemie identifiziert. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Paarbeziehung schützte augenscheinlich vor Stress- und Depressionssymptomen. Angstsymptome wurden u. a. durch ein erhöhtes Ausmaß physischer Aktivität und die wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung reduziert.

Schlussfolgerungen
Zukünftigen Untersuchungen wird empfohlen, die Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung postpartaler psychischer Erkrankungen noch genauer zu untersuchen. Zudem sollten Präventionsprogramme für das medizinische Personal sowie Nachsorge- und Therapieprogramme für betroffene Mütter entwickelt werden, um schwere Verläufe zu verhindern.
X-ray dark-field chest radiography: a reader study to evaluate the diagnostic quality of attenuation chest X-rays from a dual-contrast scanning prototype
Authors: Kattau Margarete , Willer Konstantin , Noichl Wolfgang , Urban Theresa , Frank Manuela , De Marco Fabio , Schick Rafael , Koehler Thomas , Maack Hanns-Ingo , Renger Bernhard , Renz Martin , Sauter Andreas , Leonhardt Yannik , Fingerle Alexander , Makowski Marcus , Pfeiffer Daniela , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the visibility of anatomical structures and overall quality of the attenuation images obtained with a dark-field X-ray radiography prototype with those from a commercial radiography system.

Methods
Each of the 65 patients recruited for this study obtained a thorax radiograph at the prototype and a reference radiograph at the commercial system. Five radiologists independently assessed the visibility of anatomical structures, the level of motion artifacts, and the overall image quality of all attenuation images on a five-point scale, with 5 points being the highest rating. The average scores were compared between the two image types. The differences were evaluated using an area under the curve (AUC) based z-test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. To assess the variability among the images, the distributions of the average scores per image were compared between the systems.

Results
The overall image quality was rated high for both devices, 4.2 for the prototype and 4.6 for the commercial system. The rating scores varied only slightly between both image types, especially for structures relevant to lung assessment, where the images from the commercial system were graded slightly higher. The differences were statistically significant for all criteria except for the bronchial structures, the cardiophrenic recess, and the carina.

Conclusions
The attenuation images acquired with the prototype were assigned a high diagnostic quality despite a lower resolution and the presence of motion artifacts. Thus, the attenuation-based radiographs from the prototype can be used for diagnosis, eliminating the need for an additional conventional radiograph.

Key Points
• Despite a low tube voltage (70 kVp) and comparably long acquisition time, the attenuation images from the dark-field chest radiography system achieved diagnostic quality for lung assessment.
• Commercial chest radiographs obtained a mean rating score regarding their diagnostic quality of 4.6 out of 5, and the grating-based images had a slightly lower mean rating score of 4.2 out of 5.
• The difference in rating scores for anatomical structures relevant to lung assessment is below 5%.