bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and esketamine on postoperative anesthetic-related complications for hip surgery in the elderly – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ye Qiuping , Hu Yang , Xing Qijing , Zhang Ye , Wu Yun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background: The routine perioperative use of opioids has recently been questioned due to opioid-related side effects, which can be potentially harmful in geriatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of opioid-free anesthesia in geriatric patients undergoing hip surgery.Methods: A total of 121 patients, aged 60 years or older, undergoing elective hip surgery were randomized to receive either opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and esketamine (OFA group) or balanced anesthesia with opioids (CON group). All patients received a preoperative fascia iliaca block and postoperative patient-controlled analgesia using tramadol. The primary outcome was the incidence of a composite of anesthetic-related complications (nausea and vomiting, hypoxemia, ileus, urinary retention and delirium) within 48 hours postoperatively. The hemodynamics, postoperative pain and quality of life were also assessed.Results: The incidence of composite adverse events was significantly reduced in the OFA group compared with the CON group (35.0% vs. 62.3%, estimated difference: 27.3%, 95% confidence interval: 10.2%–44.4%, P = 0.003). Notably, patients in the OFA group experienced less postoperative nausea and vomiting (P= 0.040), and hypoxemia (P= 0.025) compared with those in the CON group. However, the incidences of postoperative ileus, urinary retention and delirium were comparable between the two groups. Also, patients in the OFA group had less pain in motion at 24 h postoperatively, as well as less risks of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia (P<0.05). No significant differences in the postoperative quality of life were observed between the two groups.Conclusions: Opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and esketamine reduced postoperative anesthetic-related complications and provided improved hemodynamic stability in geriatric patients undergoing hip surgery.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, retrospectively registered on 05/02/2022 (www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR2200056421)
Detection and attribution of changes in river flow and sediment loads in the Nile basin
Authors: Nkwasa Albert , Chawanda Celray James , Schlemm Annika , Ekolu Job , Frieler Katja , Griensven Ann van 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Nile basin is the second largest basin in Africa and one of the regions experiencing high climatic diversity with variability and deteriorating water resources. As climate change is affecting most of the hydroclimatic variables across the world, this study assesses whether historical changes in river flow and sediment loads in the Nile basin may be attributed to climatic change. An impact attribution approach is employed by forcing a process-based model with a set of observational and counterfactual climate data for 69 years (1951–2019), from the impact attribution setup of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a). The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test is used to identify trends while long-term mean annual river flow and sediment load simulation differences between a model setup with observational and counterfactual climate data are calculated to allow for quantification of the climate change attribution. Results show a reasonable evidence of a long-term historical increase in river flows and sediment loads of the upper part of the Nile basin, largely attributed to changes in climate. Contrary, there is less impact of climate change on the river flows and sediment loads in the Eastern and downstream parts of the Nile basin. These findings show spatial differences in the sensitivity of impacts of climate on river flows and sediment loads while highlighting the most impacted region in the basin.
WITHDRAWN: Refining Readability by Tackling Redundancy and Time through Modified Rule based Extractive Summarization Approach for Low Resource Indian Languages-Hindi andPunjabi
Authors: Sachdeva Jainy , Jhatta Nitika , Bathla Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A rule based extractive text summarization system is proposed to obtain comprehensible summarized text of input Hindi and Punjabi text documents. The input document to be summarized can be any handwritten text or any text from internet saved in .rtf format. It works on Hindi and Punjabi documents and summarizes text of any length i.e. system summarizes text irrespective of size. The extensive rule based approach is applied consisting preprocessing and processing phases. Each phase consists of rules which are to be followed to get the desired concise summary. In the preprocessing phase, rules of Tokenization, Stop word removal and segmentation are applied whereas in processing phase rules such as Monetary values, Measurement Values, Special Symbols, Equations, Figure Number in sentences are applied. Also, other features such as frequently occurring words and maximum length word are added to make the system output comprehendible. The system is made user friendly by proposing a graphical user interface (GUI). The generated summary by the proposed system is compared with the summary of documents generated by human experts and is evaluated in terms of parameters such as Compression Ratio and Execution Time. Further, accuracy is calculated based on Precision, Recall and F-score. It has been observed that the compression ratio obtained lies in the range of 39–50% for 200, 300 and 400 words paragraphs. The execution time is quite less which do varies with the size of the paragraph entered as the summary size varies. In general, it has been observed that the execution time for 200 words paragraph takes 1519.147 milliseconds, for 300 words paragraph the time is 3022.825 milliseconds whereas for 400 words size paragraph, the time taken is 4023.123 milliseconds. The time is quite less as compared to human generated summary. The accuracy obtained in each case is above 95% which is high as compared to humans and other state of art methods. This shows that the system is robust enough and provides definitive results.
MicroRNA-mediated repression of endocannabinoid CB1 receptor expression contributes to simvastatin-induced skeletal muscle toxicity
Authors: Kalkan Hilal , Panza Elisabetta , Pagano Ester , Ercolano Giuseppe , Moriello Claudia , Piscitelli Fabiana , Capasso Raffaele , Marzo Vincenzo Di , Iannotti Fabio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Statins are the most prescribed lipid-lowering agents worldwide. Their use is generally safe, although muscular toxicity occurs in 1 in 10.000 patients. In this study, we explored the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) during muscle toxicity induced by simvastatin. In murine C2C12 myoblasts exposed to simvastatin (30 µM), we found that the levels of the endocannabinoids 2-AG and AEA as well the expression of specific miRNAs (mostly miR-152) targeting the endocannabinoid CB1 gene were increased. Rimonabant, a selective CB1 antagonist, exacerbated simvastatin-induced toxicity in myoblasts, while the opposite effect was observed with GAT211, a CB1-positive allosteric modulator. In antagomiR-152-transfected myoblasts, simvastatin toxicity was prevented along with the rescue of CB1 expression. Notably, similar alterations were found in skeletal muscles of C57BL/6J mice treated with simvastatin 20 mg Kg-1 and in primary human myoblasts. In sum, we identified the ECS as a novel mechanism participating in statin-induced myopathy.
SPAG5: the upstream protein of Wnt and the target of curcumin to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Li Huiyang , Qin Yanfei , Huang Yiran , Wang Jinquan , Ren Biqiong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:Curcumin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related Wnt pathway has been proved and sperm associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) has also been reported to work through Wnt. But there was no report about curcumin inhibiting Wnt by SPAG5 in HCC.Methods:We first confirm the expression of SPAG5 in tissues and cell lines. Then observe the effect of SPAG5 and the regulation of curcumin on SPAG5 and Wnt pathway proteins. Subsequently, knockdown SPAG5 and overexpression of SPAG5, and the effect of curcumin on the expression of SPAG5 and the Wnt pathway protein was observed.Results:The results showed that SPAG5 was highly expressed in cancer tissues. Compared with normal hepatocytes, the expression of SPAG5 in hepatoma cell lines increased significantly at both mRNA and protein levels. Curcumin inhibits the expression of SPAG5 in hepatoma cell lines and inhibits migration and promotes apoptosis. Curcumin inhibits the expression of SPAG5 and Cyclin D1 in overexpression SPAG5 cell lines, but the inhibition of curcumin on Cyclin D1 was weakened after SPAG5 was knockdown.Conclusions:We can infer preliminarily that SPAG5 may be the upstream regulatory protein of Wnt, notably, curcumin may inhibit Wnt by inhibiting SPAG5.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of non-small cell lung cancer without TKI therapy that transforms into small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Gao Qiqi , Xia Mengling , Chen Zhen , Zhang Lixin , Zhou Jie , Wu Shengjun , Chen Xinhua , Zheng Yulong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Some patients with NSCLC have been found to transformed to SCLC after treatment, but there is little research about it. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological features and the molecular pathogenesis of NSCLC patients without TKI therapy that transforms into SCLC.
Methods
We investigated six patients with advanced NSCLC without TKI therapy that were transformed into SCLCs. Whole genome sequencing was applied for six tumor specimens (included NSCLC and SCLC specimens of each patient)acquired from three patients to detect genetic predictors for small-cell transformation. The clinicopathological features of six patients was collected and analyzed. Also, The literature was reviewed in detail to identify similar cases of NSCLC-to-SCLC transformation.
Results
The basic condition of patients was similar to those without transformation. Five patients (with squamous cell carcinoma) were male, and one (with adenocarcinoma) was male; their average age was 64.7 years. Thoracic imaging revealed solid tumours with unclear borders and lobulated texture with uneven densities in six patients. All five tumours were univocal, and they had an average size of 43 mm. (The image information of one patient was not obtained).The average trasformation time was 9.8 months. After SCLC transformation of three patients with WES, the mutation spectrum changed, C > T decreased and C > A increased. Compared with the initial NSCLC, the CNV burden of transformed SCLC decreased significantly. Clonal evolution analysis showed that there are links and also difference between the clones of initial NSCLC and transformed SCLC.
Conclusion
Secondary biopsy is very important for evaluating genetic and histological changes and selecting appropriate treatment after treatment resistance. This importance is not only for patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but also for patients treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The mutation rate of p53 in transformed SCLC was similar to de novo SCLC, however, the mutation rate of RB1 in transformed SCLC was lower to de novo SCLC.
Characteristic and potential of the horses origin species strain Enterococcus moraviensis EMo 1-1Nik
Authors: Lauková Andrea , Styková Eva , Focková Valentína , Maďar Marián 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, developed more precisious identification techniques have allowed to identify and validate newer enterococcal species. Among those species, also the species Enterococcus moraviensis was validated, the representat of which was firstly isolated from surface waters. However, in this study, characteristic and bacteriocin potential of E. moraviensis strain EMo 1-1Nik isolated from buccal mucosa of Slovak warm-blood horse breed has been studied. BLASTn analysis allotted EMo 1-1Nik strain to the species E. moraviensis with percentage identity BLASTn 16S rRNA sequence in the strain up to 100% (99.93% similarity with E. moraviensis NR113937.1 strain). The EMo 1-1Nik strain has been provided with GenBank accession number MW326085 (for nucleotide sequence SUB8683960 Seq1). EMo 1-1Nik strain is hemolysis-negative (γ -hemolysis), DNase negative and gelatinase negative; absent of virulence factor genes, low-grade biofilm-positive (0.133 ± 0.36), mostly susceptible to tested antibiotics. Moreover, 60% of EMo1-1Nik colonies were found as bacteriocin-producing against the principal indicator Enterococcus avium EA5. EMo1-1Nik concentrated substance pH 4.5 (CS) showed the inhibitory activity against EA5 strain (200 AU/mL); CSs with pH 6.3 and 7.3 reached inhibitory activity 100 AU/mL against EA5 strain. Oppositelly, EMo 1-1Nik was susceptible to Mundticin EM41/3 (800 AU/mL) produced by fecal horses strain E. mundtii EM41/3. In spite of the preliminary results, it has been shown bacteriocin potential of safe E. moraviensis EMo1-1Nik strain. The additional studies are in processing.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking-based investigation on the mechanisms of action of Coptidis Rhizoma in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions
Authors: Ye Xuxing , Xu Bin , Wang Xiaobo , Yu Guoyou , Ma Shuangshuang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:Gastric precancerous lesions are a critical stage in the development of gastric cancer or gastric adenocarcinoma, and their outcome plays an important role in the malignant progression of gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma has a good effect on Gastric precancerous lesions. However, its specific mechanism of action remains incompletely elucidated.Methods:A network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma in treating gastric precancerous lesions. The active compounds of Coptidis Rhizoma and their potential gastric precancerous lesions related targets were obtained from TCMSP, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. An interaction network based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) was constructed to visualize the interactions between hub genes. Analysis of GO enrichment and KEGG pathway were conducted using the DAVID database. An investigation of interactions between active compounds and potential targets was carried out by molecular docking.Results:A total of 11 active compounds and 95 anti gastric precancerous lesions targets of Coptidis Rhizoma were screened for analysis. GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma acting on precancerous gastric lesions involved in gene expression regulation and apoptosis regulation. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that Coptidis Rhizoma against precancerous gastric lesions involving the MAPKsignalling pathway and PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Molecular docking simulations indicated potential interactions between these compounds (quercetin, palmatine, berberine, berberrubine)and targets (EGFR, AKT1, MYC, TP53)involved in anti gastric precancerous lesions activity.conclusion:Bioactive compounds in Coptidis Rhizoma have the potential to preventatrophy and intestinal metaplasia.These compounds function by regulating the proteins implicated in MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways that are crucial in gastric epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation and maturation.
Translocation of intestinal peptidoglycan moieties modulates the early stages of arthritis.
Authors: Poline Julie , Wheeler Richard , Thomas Marion , Berrebi Dominique , Bonacorsi Stephane , Bueno Benjamin , Dingulu Glory , Ducrocq Camille , Postal Barbara , Ribeiro Agnès , Roy Maryline , Viennois Emilie , Hugot Jean-Pierre , Boneca Ivo G , Meinzer Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction may contribute to the development of chronic arthritis, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. We took advantage of induced and spontaneous models of murine arthritis to study how translocation of peptidoglycan (PG) and its fractions impact the course of chronic arthritis. We experimentally increased the translocation of intestinal bacterial cell envelope moieties using oral gavage of muramyldipeptide (MDP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as genetic (deletion of intestinal Hnf-4a) and nutritional (food additive carrageenan) perturbations of intestinal barrier function. Oral gavage with MDP and LPS increased arthritis without altering the gut barrier integrity. Translocated PG from the gut to blood and spleen was correlated with the severity of arthritis. Carrageenan treatment increased translocation of PG into the joints, and worsening of arthritis. Interestingly, MDP, LPS and dietary factors worsened the course of arthritis only when administered before, but not after, the onset of arthritis. In human patients, MDP was more abundant in the synovial fluids of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis than in those of children with transient forms of arthritis. In conclusion, there is a window during the early stages of arthritis, when translocation of gut bacterial components can modulate the progression of arthritis.
Propofol alleviates PTSD-like behavioral deficits by downregulating hippocampal Arc associated with GABAergic activation in basolateral amygdala in rats
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Huang Yong , Gu Lingling , Zhang Cheng , Huo Yan , Zhao Zheng , Wu Lei , Ma Mingliang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in clinical surgery. However, its role and relevant mechanisms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behavioral deficits remain largely unknown. In this study, the PTSD-like phenotype was constructed in rats using the modified single prolonged stress (MSPS) procedure. Propofol and GABAergic system antagonist bicuculline alone or combined administration were performed in rats after MSPS. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different dosages of BDNF (1, 2, 5, 7 and 10 ng/ml), followed by treated with 25 µmol propofol. We first observed that propofol inhibited the protein level of activity regulated cytoskeleton protein (Arc) in the hippocampus of rats exposed to the MSPS procedure and BDNF-induced Arc upregulation in SH-SY5Y cells. Further analysis showed that administration of propofol alleviated fear memory formation in rats exposed to the MSPS procedure using open field, light dark box and contextual fear conditioning tests, accompanied with increased neurons cells in the hippocampal CA3 region by Nissl staining. Finally, administration of bicuculline to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) can significantly reverse the effect of propofol on the Arc expression and behavioral improvement of the modeling rats. In conclusions, our data suggested that propofol could alleviates fear memory formation in rats underwent MSPS by inhibiting Arc expression in the hippocampus in association with GABAergic activation in the basolateral amygdala GABAergic system.
Prevalence and factors associated with sputum smear non-conversion after two months of tuberculosis treatment among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gatete Gaetan , Njunwa Kato J , Migambi Patrick , Ntaganira Joseph , Ndagijimana Albert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-conversion of sputum smear prolongs the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and has been associated with unfavorable tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence on predictors of sputum smear non-conversion among smear-positive PTB (SPPTB) patients in Rwanda. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with sputum smear non-conversion after two months of treatment among SPPTB patients in Rwanda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among SPPTB patients registered in the national electronic TB reporting system by all health facilities countrywide (Rwanda) from July 2019 to June 2021. The patients had completed the first two months of anti-TB treatment and with smear results at the end of the second month of treatment. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to determine the factors associated with sputum smear non-conversion. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value were reported.
Results
This study included 7,211 patients. Of them, 632 (9%) patients had sputum smear non-conversion at the end of the second month of treatment. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age groups of 20–39 years (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.04–2.86) and 40–59 years (AOR:2, 95% CI: 1.18–3.3 ), history of first-line TB treatment failure (AOR = 2, 95% CI: 1.1–3.6), follow-up by community health workers (AOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.04–1.5), BMI < 18.5 at TB treatment initiation (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.25–1.8), and living in Northern Province of Rwanda (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.05-2.0), were found significantly associated with sputum smear non-conversion after two months of treatment.
Conclusion
Sputum smear non-conversion among SPPTB patients remains low in Rwanda compared to countries of similar health care setting. Nevertheless, as the WHO considers sputum conversion as a useful indicator in monitoring the performance of TB control programs, rigorous follow-up of patients with identified risk factors for non-conversion is recommended.
Quantifying nitrogen-fixation in Acer macrophyllum canopy bryophytes in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Bidwell Amanda L. , Tobin Patrick C. , DeLuca Thomas H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose : Old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest host a variety of epiphytes on their branches and stem. Given the common and often large epiphytic biomass associated with Acer macrophyllum (Pursh ) in this region, we evaluated how seasonal weather changes and urbanization (metal and nitrogen deposition), affect canopy epiphytic N2 fixation in the Hoh Rainforest of the Olympic Peninsula and in urban parks and forests in Seattle.
Methods : We collected Isothecium stoloniferum (Brid.) samples from both the Hoh Rainforest and Seattle at four periods from April 2016 through January 2017. Moss-associated N2 fixation rates were measured in the laboratory using the acetylene reduction assay and trace metal concentrations in the moss were analyzed using NO3 + H2O2 digestion.
Results : We found levels of N2 fixation were highest during the spring sampling period. Elevated levels of heavy metals were observed in I. stoloniferum samples collected in the urban canopies in Seattle, suggesting N2 fixation is sensitive to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals. In A. macrophyllum canopies, I. stoloniferum was found to yield 1.13 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the Hoh Rainforest and only 0.009 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in Seattle.
Conclusions : These results highlight a rarely explored source of biological N2-fixation in temperate rainforests and suggest that epiphytic N2-fixation may contribute bio-available nitrogen in secondary successional A. macrophyllum stands.