bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of output additionality of public funding support on firm innovation. Evidence from firms of different sizes
Authors: Prencipe Antonio , D'Amico Luciano , Boffa Danilo , Corsi Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe article aims to study the effect of output additionality of public innovation funding on firm innovation, measured as economic returns of innovation, across firms of different sizes. A panel sample consisting of 4125 Spanish firms observed during years 2009–2014 has been analysed, using a treatment model. Robustness tests have also been used. The findings show the effects of output additionality of innovation funding support for small, medium and large firms, with a greater effect on large firms and a lower effect on medium firms. However, there has a weak effect for very large firms, which do not benefit in terms of output additionality. Since it is relatively easy for large firms to benefit from public support for innovation, some of the resources allocated to them should be passed on to small and medium firms. Medium firms seem to be less inclined to benefit from economies of scales than large firms and may be less affected by public innovation policy given the priority for small firms' development. Small and medium enterprises can benefit further from well‐designed targeting programmes, with a prevalence of demand‐side support measures compared to the supply‐side measures.
Maternal influenza vaccination preferentially boosts hemagglutinin stem‐specific antibody resulting in efficient transplacental transfer of stem‐specific IgG
Authors: Zuber Matthew J. , Stamilio David M. , Holbrook Beth C. , Snively Beverly M. , Jensen Elizabeth T. , Alexander‐Miller Martha A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate hemagglutinin stem‐specific antibody response to the influenza vaccine during pregnancy and its transfer to the infant.MethodsThe authors assessed antibody titers among maternal participants and their paired neonate's cord blood (CB) using enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Fifteen pregnant participants pre‐2019 and post‐2019 seasonal influenza vaccine were compared with 18 prenatally vaccinated participants with paired neonatal CB samples. Total IgG and IgG subclass titers specific for whole vaccine antigens versus recombinant hemagglutinin stem–specific antigen were compared using Wilcoxon exact test.ResultsHemagglutinin stem–specific IgG was boosted more robustly than whole vaccine titers when comparing postvaccine versus prevaccine log2 IgG ratios (P = 0.04). Hemagglutinin stem–specific IgG titers were boosted postvaccination (prevaccine: 14.5 [95% confidence interval, 13.8–15.2] vs. postvaccine: 16 [95% confidence interval, 15.2–16.8], P = 0.004). While IgG to whole vaccine was similar in neonatal CB and maternal plasma (P = 0.09), hemagglutinin stem–specific IgG concentrated in CB (P = 0.002), which was dominated by IgG1 subclass (analysis of variance P < 0.05).ConclusionThese data demonstrate the ability of pregnant women to generate a more robust antibody response to the stem region compared with the head region of hemagglutinin with transplacental transfer of IgG.
Barriers to dental care in a rural community
Authors: Castillo Kimberly B. , Echeto Luisa , Schentrup Denise 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeA nurse‐led rural practice, Archer Family Health Care, established a partnership with the University of Florida College of Dentistry to improve access to dental care for underserved rural populations. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of this partnership on dental care access and identify perceived barriers patients’ experience in this rural community.MethodsA qualitative design was used to evaluate if this partnership improved access to dental care and identify care barriers existing in this population. Outcome measures were 1) completed dental visits and 2) a qualitative analysis of patients’ perceived barriers to accessing care if they did not complete their dental appointment.ResultsAs a result of this partnership, 118 direct dental referrals were placed. From those referrals, 45 (38%) patients completed their dental appointments, and 73 (62%) patients did not. Twenty‐five patients provided a rationale for not presenting for their appointment. Cited barriers included cost (32%), time (24%), frustration with the referral process (20%), obtaining care at an alternate dental location (12%), fear (7%), and transportation issues (4%).ConclusionThis project suggests that specific interventions may increase opportunities for dental care in rural areas however barriers continue to exist that may impact that access.
Game‐based learning in dental education
Authors: Nguyen Linh M. , Le Cynthia , Lee Vivien D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThe incorporation of interactive elements using technology increases student enjoyment and classroom learning effectiveness. This study investigated the usage of an online gamification platform in the dental school environment and compared game‐based learning attitudes among students in different stages of their 4‐year training program.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among dental medicine students in Years: 1 (Y1), 2 (Y2), 3 (Y3), and 4 (Y4) at a US‐based dental school. The 11‐item survey explored student perceptions on the effects of playing the Kahoots quiz game, using the 5‐point Likert scale. Responses among male and female students were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, with responses of students in different years of dental school analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsAverage student age was 25 (range 20–45 years) upon starting dental school. Of 206 study participants, n = 129 (63%) were males and n = 74 (36%) females, n = 70 (34.0%) were Y1; n = 52 (25.2%), Y2; n = 48 (23.3%), Y3; and n = 36 (17.5%), Y4. Males tried harder to answer game questions than females (p = 0.027). Compared to students in the upper 3 years, the Y1 students reported that they tried harder to win (p = 0.002), the games held (p = 0.002) and motivated them to pay attention (p < 0.001), helped them understand (p = 0.021) and to retain lecture concepts (p = 0.010), and aided in the preparation for exams (p = 0.010).ConclusionsDental students in all stages of their 4‐year training programs, especially Y1 students, reported positive perceptions of gamified learning and believed that it was helpful in identifying difficult concepts and motivating them to study.
Influence of female reproductive state and of fishing‐capture stress on the oxygen uptake rate of a viviparous elasmobranch
Authors: Finotto Licia , Walker Terence I. , Reina Richard D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn animals discarded after a fishing capture event, the elicited stress response necessary to ensure their survival is energetically costly. This energy is diverted from other important biological activities, including growth and reproduction, possibly impairing them. Given that elasmobranchs are among the most threatened vertebrate groups, estimating capture‐induced energetic changes and comparing these variations to the energy requirements of pregnancy maintenance is necessary. In pregnant southern fiddler rays (Trygonorrhina dumerilii), we measured changes in oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2; a proxy for metabolic rate and energy usage) in response to trawling simulation and air exposure, and estimated the oxygen requirements of sustaining late‐term pregnancy and embryos. ṀO2 was measured in pregnant females, before (prestress ṀO2) and after trawling simulation (after‐capture ṀO2), and again after females gave birth (postpartum ṀO2). After‐capture ṀO2 was 31.7% lower than ṀO2 measured in minimally stressed females, suggesting a reduction in energy expenditure. This reduction is likely triggered by an initially excessive energetic investment in the stress response, and is aimed at shutting down nonessential activities to redirect energy to processes fundamental for survival. Prestress ṀO2 was 78.5% higher than postpartum ṀO2. Capture simulation decreased ṀO2 to values similar to those observed postpartum, suggesting a capture‐induced reduction in oxygen and energy allocation to pregnancy and embryonic respiration, which could be associated with reproductive impairments. These data, by better estimating the impact of capture and discard on energetic requirements and reproductive fitness, may support the introduction of area and/or seasonal closures to fishing.
Surveillance, isolation and genomic characterization of Pteropine orthoreovirus of probable bat origin among patients with acute respiratory infection in Malaysia
Authors: Tee Kok Keng , Chan Po Qhuan , Loh Alson Mun‐Khin , Singh Sarbhan , Teo Chee How , Iyadorai Thevambiga , Chook Jack Bee , Ng Kim Tien , Takebe Yutaka , Chan Kok Gan , Sam I‐Ching , Voon Kenny 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPteropine orthoreovirus (PRV), an emerging bat‐borne virus, has been linked to cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in humans. The prevalence, epidemiology and genomic diversity of PRV among ARI of unknown origin were studied. Among 632 urban outpatients tested negative for all known respiratory viruses, 2.2% were PRV‐positive. Patients mainly presented with moderate to severe forms of cough, sore throat and muscle ache, but rarely with fever. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that over 90% of patients infected with the Melaka virus (MelV)‐like PRV, while one patient infected with the Pulau virus previously found only in fruit bats. Human oral keratinocytes and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells were susceptible to clinical isolates of PRV, including the newly isolated MelV‐like 12MYKLU1034. Whole genome sequence of 12MYKLU1034 using Nanopore technique revealed a novel reassortant strain. Evolutionary analysis of the global PRV strains suggests the continuous evolution of PRV through genetic reassortment among PRV strains circulating in human, bats and non‐human primate hosts, creating a spectrum of reassortant lineages with complex evolutionary characteristics. In summary, the role of PRV as a common etiologic agent of ARI is evident. Continuous monitoring of PRV prevalence, pathogenicity and diversity among human and animal hosts is important to trace the emergence of novel reassortants.
The case fatality rate of COVID‐19 during the Delta and the Omicron epidemic phase: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Kisong , Cho Kyuyeon , Song Junmin , Rahmati Masoud , Koyanagi Ai , Lee Seung Won , Yon Dong Keon , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs coronavirus variants are constantly occurring, we tried to understand more about the omicron and delta variants that have hit the world. We provided dynamic information on the case fatality rate (CFR) of the Omicron variant over time and to compare it with that of the Delta variant through meta‐analysis. Twenty‐four countries were selected by submission counts, submission dates, and confirmed cases. We defined the Delta or the Omicron epidemic period for individual countries as when each variant is over 90%. We further analyzed the Omicron period by dividing it into the initial plateau, increasing, and decreasing phases according to the number of newly confirmed daily cases. Finally, the meta‐analysis examined the summary and between‐study heterogeneity. The CFR of COVID‐19 during the Omicron epidemic was lower than that during the Delta epidemic (odds ratio [OR]: 0.252, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.205−0.309). The CFR of COVID‐19 during the initial plateau phase of Omicron was higher than during other phases. (OR: 1.962, 95% CI 1.607−2.397). The CFR of COVID‐19 during the increasing phase was lower than during the decreasing phases (OR: 0.412, 95% CI 0.342–0.498). The Omicron variant had lower CFR compared to the Delta variant, and the initial plateau phase had higher CFR compared to the noninitial phases. These results can help establish global health policies for COVID‐19 in the future.
Bone‐ACL‐bone allograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Short‐term evaluation in a rabbit model with microcomputed tomography
Authors: Liu Yulei , Deng Xiang‐Hua , Havasy Janice , Green Samuel , Piacentini Alexander , Chen Daoyun , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe standard grafts used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are tendon, either patellar tendon, hamstring, or quadriceps. However, the microstructure and composition of tendon differs from ligament. Ideally, the ACL would be replaced with the same tissue. To evaluate the incorporation of a bone‐ACL‐bone (B‐ACL‐B) graft for ACL reconstruction, we performed a controlled laboratory study in a rabbit model with microcomputed tomography (μCT). Forty‐six New Zealand white rabbits were used, with 17 donor rabbits to harvest bilateral B‐ACL‐B allografts and 29 rabbits undergoing unilateral ACL reconstruction with B‐ACL‐B allograft. Knee specimens were collected for biomechanical testing (n = 14) at 4 and 8 weeks and for μCT analysis (n = 15) at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Gross inspection and μCT examination confirmed bone blocks in the appropriate anatomic position. Biomechanical tests revealed no difference in mean load‐to‐failure force for B‐ACL‐B allografts between 4 and 8 weeks. Progressive healing occurred between the bone block and the tunnel as demonstrated by a gradual increase on average bone‐volume fraction and total mineral density (TMD) in both femoral and tibial tunnels. Remodeling of the bone block was evidenced by a significant decrease in TMD of both tibial and femoral bone blocks. This is a report of a novel rabbit B‐ACL‐B allograft reconstruction model demonstrating early signs of graft remodeling and incorporation. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates ACL reconstruction using an anatomically matched ACL allograft, rather than a tendon graft, may be possible based on early findings in this lapine model.
Relative motion between the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and subsynovial connective tissue is time dependent
Authors: Kociolek Aaron M. , Keir Peter J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe subsynovial connective tissue is an integral component of flexor tendon gliding in the carpal tunnel, which is strained during longitudinal tendon displacement. We tested the effects of repetition frequency and finger load on flexor tendon function throughout active finger movement. Eleven participants performed metacarpophalangeal joint flexion/extension of the long finger cyclically at three repetition frequencies (0.75, 1.00, 1.25 Hz) and two finger loads (3.5, 7 N). Relative displacement between the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and subsynovial connective tissue was assessed as the shear‐strain index with color ultrasound throughout the entire time history of finger flexion and extension. In addition, long finger joint angles were measured with electrogoniometry while flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum muscle activities were measured with fine‐wire electromyography to characterize the finger movements. The shear‐strain index increased with greater finger flexion (p = 0.001), representing higher relative displacement between tendon and subsynovial connective tissue; however, no changes were observed throughout finger extension. The shear‐strain index also increased with higher repetition frequencies (p = 0.013) and finger loads (p = 0.029), further modulating time‐dependent effects during finger flexion versus extension. Using ultrasound, we characterized the time‐dependent response of the shear‐strain index, in vivo, providing valuable data on flexor tendon function during active finger movement. Our results infer greater subsynovial connective tissue strain and shear during repetitive and forceful finger movements. Future research characterizing time‐dependent effects in carpal tunnel syndrome patients may further elucidate the relations between subsynovial connective tissue function, damage, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Clinical profile of idiopathic angioedema based on severity and treatment response is independent of the presence of concomitant wheals
Authors: Soegiharto Reineke , Alizadeh Aghdam Mehran , Knulst Andre C. , Röckmann Heike 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic angioedema varies in disease severity and treatment response, possibly due to different pathophysiological mechanisms. The presence of wheals is an indicator for histamine‐mediated angioedema. Idiopathic angioedema patients are treated in accordance with chronic spontaneous urticaria guidelines. Little is known about treatment effectiveness in idiopathic angioedema patients without wheals in comparison to idiopathic angioedema patients with concomitant wheals.ObjectiveTo describe the disease severity profile in patients with angioedema of unknown cause in relation to prophylactic treatment and the presence or absence of concomitant wheals.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, all records of angioedema patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the UMC Utrecht between January 2015 and March 2020 were screened. Patients with idiopathic angioedema, including those with concomitant wheals, were included. Attack frequency, patient‐reported disease control and attack treatment as indicator for severity were analysed in relation to prophylactic treatment at follow‐up and outcomes were compared between patients with and without concomitant subordinary wheals.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐six patients were included: 95% (139/236) with angioedema only and 41% (97/236) with angioedema and concomitant subordinary wheals. No prophylactic treatment was prescribed in 27% (64/236), with well‐controlled disease in 86% (25/29) of patients. Antihistamine monotherapy was used in 59% (139/236) of patients and resulted in well‐controlled disease in 68% (62/92). Add‐on treatment was prescribed in 14% (33/236) of patients, omalizumab in 9% (22/236) specifically, with complete response in 38% (6/16) of patients and low attack frequency in another 18% (3/16). Difficult‐to‐treat disease was seen in 8% (18/236), with no response to a fourfold dose of antihistamines or omalizumab. All findings were independent from the presence of concomitant wheals.ConclusionAngioedema is well manageable in the majority of patients without prophylactic therapy or antihistamine monotherapy, but a substantial proportion does not respond to antihistamines and/or omalizumab. Treatment response was independent of the presence or absence of concomitant wheals.
Variations in reproduction and age structure in the North American river otter in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Sanders Charles W. , Stewart Dennis L. , Pacifici Krishna , Hess George R. , Olfenbuttel Colleen , DePerno Christopher S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHistorically, the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis; otter) was distributed across North Carolina, USA, but populations were decimated by the early 1900s. Otter trapping was prohibited in 1938, reopened in 1947, and gradually expanded until it was opened statewide in 2005. Between 1986 and 1992, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and Great Smoky Mountains National Park released 404 otters to restore populations in western North Carolina. Our objective was to determine if the age structure and reproductive rates of otters throughout North Carolina shifted from 1978 to 2018 between remnant and reintroduced populations. During the 1978–1980 (period 1; Coastal Plain) and the 2009–2013 and 2014–2016 (period 2; statewide) trapping seasons, we collected 1,439 otter carcasses from licensed trappers, fur buyers, and wildlife damage control agents throughout the 3 Furbearer Management Units (FMUs) and 14 river basins in North Carolina. We conducted necropsies, used cementum annuli of the lower canine for age analysis, and counted corpora lutea and fetuses for fecundity estimates. Age distributions for all otters were skewed toward the younger age classes and did not differ between collection periods. During period 1, adults in the Coastal Plain had higher corpora lutea counts than during period 2, whereas Coastal Plain yearlings and juveniles had higher numbers of corpora lutea during period 2. During period 2, corpora lutea counts differed among FMUs; counts in the Mountain FMU (x̄ = 2.56) were higher than in the Coastal Plain FMU (x̄ = 1.62) or the Piedmont FMU (x̄ = 1.91). Within the Coastal Plain FMU and pooling all age classes, fecundity increased by 45% from period 1 to period 2. Adult fecundity in the Coastal Plain FMU declined 16% from period 1 to period 2, while juveniles and yearlings began reproducing between the periods, indicating that reproduction has shifted to younger age classes between 1978 and 2018.
Experimental kinetic study of the reactions between OH radicals and three 2‐butenes over the temperature range 220–370 K and pressure range 0.67–40 kPa (5–300 Torr)
Authors: Orkin Vladimir L. , Khamaganov Victor G. , Kurylo Michael J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGas phase reactions between OH radicals and three 2‐Butenes were studied using a flash photolysis resonance‐fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220–370 K and total gas pressures of 0.67 kPa (5 Torr) to 40 kPa (300 Torr). Measured rate constants exhibited weak negative temperature dependences. Most studies were carried out in argon, but some test experiments employed helium or nitrogen as the bath gas. Rate constants of OH reactions with cis‐2‐butene and trans‐2‐butene were found to exhibit a pressure dependence at room temperature and above. Kinetic parameters and describing termolecular rate constants in Ar bath gas were derived for both reactions and can be used to calculate rate constants at the Earth's atmospheric conditions. The high‐pressure limiting rate constants are , cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and , cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for OH addition reactions with cis‐2‐butene and trans‐2‐butene, respectively. Their rate constants at 1 atm (760 Torr, 101 kPa) pressure can be represented as kZ(T, 1 atm) = 5.93 × 10−11 × (T/298)−1.61 × exp ( − 17/T), cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and kE(T, 1 atm) = 6.75 × 10−11 × (T/298)−1.64 × exp ( − 16/T), cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The rate constant of the OH addition reaction with 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene was found to be pressure independent under our conditions and can be represented as kTME(T) = 14.08 × 10−11 × (T/298)−1.714 × exp ( − 95.7/T), cm3 molecule−1 s−1 with kTME (298 K) = (10.21 ± 0.30) × 10−11, cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Complementary measurements of IR absorption spectra of cis‐2‐butene and trans‐2‐butene were done between 500 and 3300 cm−1. They are presented in Supporting Information.
Photonic Spin‐Hall Effect at Generic Interfaces
Authors: Ling Xiaohui , Zhang Zan , Dai Zhiping , Wang Zhiteng , Luo Hailu , Zhou Lei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the photonic spin‐Hall effect (PSHE) at optical interfaces has been widely studied in past years, its physical origin remains obscure. Here, through studying the scatterings of circularly polarized beams obliquely incident on a series of junctions linking two homogenous optical media, how the physical origin of the PSHE evolves as the interface changes from a slowly varying junction to a step‐like sharp one is explored. Beams transmitted through a generic interface consist of two modes, a spin‐maintained normal mode carrying a spin‐redirection Berry (SRB) phase and a spin‐flipped abnormal mode exhibiting a Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase. Under linear‐polarization incidence, a spin‐polarized beam transmitted through each junction is generally an interference of normal and abnormal modes corresponding to two different incident circular polarizations, and thus the resulting PSHE is dictated by the interplay and competition between two effects dictated by SRB and PB phases, respectively. Shrinking the interfacial region can increase the strength of the abnormal mode, making the measured PSHE change from the SRB‐dominated one to the PB‐dominated one. The results establish a unified framework to understand the PSHE at generic interfaces, offering practical ways to control the PSHE by “designing” the abnormal scatterings on optical interfaces.