bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute electroencephalography responses during incremental exercise in those with mental illness
Authors: Robertson C. V. , Skein M. , Wingfield G. , Hunter J. R. , Miller T. D. , Hartmann T. E. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDepression is a mental illness (MI) characterized by a process of behavioral withdrawal whereby people experience symptoms including sadness, anhedonia, demotivation, sleep and appetite change, and cognitive disturbances. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) differs in depressive populations and may signify affective responses, with left FAA corresponding to such aversive or withdrawal type behavior. On an acute basis, exercise is known to positively alter affect and improve depressive symptoms and this has been measured in conjunction with left FAA as a post-exercise measure. It is not yet known if these affective electroencephalography (EEG) responses to exercise occur during exercise or only after completion of an exercise bout. This study therefore aimed to measure EEG responses during exercise in those with MI.Materials and methodsThirty one participants were allocated into one of two groups; those undergoing management of a mental health disorder (MI; N = 19); or reporting as apparently healthy (AH; N = 12). EEG responses at rest and during incremental exercise were measured at the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the motor cortex (MC). EEG data at PFC left side (F3, F7, FP1), PFC right side (F4, F8, FP2), and MC (C3, Cz, and C4) were analyzed in line with oxygen uptake at rest, 50% of ventilatory threshold (VT) (50% VT) and at VT.ResultsEEG responses increased with exercise across intensity from rest to 50% VT and to VT in all bandwidths (P &lt; 0.05) for both groups. There were no significant differences in alpha activity responses between groups. Gamma responses in the PFC were significantly higher in MI on the left side compared to AH (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAlpha activity responses were no different between groups at rest or any exercise intensity. Therefore the alpha activity response previously shown post-exercise was not found during exercise. However, increased PFC gamma activity in the MI group adds to the body of evidence showing increased gamma can differentiate between those with and without MI.
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Singleton S. Parker , Wang Julie B. , Mithoefer Michael , Hanlon Colleen , George Mark S. , Mithoefer Annie , Mithoefer Oliver , Coker Allison R. , Yazar-Klosinski Berra , Emerson Amy , Doblin Rick , Kuceyeski Amy 
Published: January 2023

Introduction3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinical trials. MDMA is hypothesized to facilitate the therapeutic process, in part, by decreasing fear response during fear memory processing while increasing extinction learning. The acute administration of MDMA in healthy controls modifies recruitment of brain regions involved in the hyperactive fear response in PTSD such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. However, to date there have been no neuroimaging studies aimed at directly elucidating the neural impact of MDMA-AT in PTSD patients.MethodsWe analyzed brain activity and connectivity via functional MRI during both rest and autobiographical memory (trauma and neutral) response before and two-months after MDMA-AT in nine veterans and first-responders with chronic PTSD of 6 months or more.ResultsWe hypothesized that MDMA-AT would increase amygdala-hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity, however we only found evidence of a trend in the left amygdala—left hippocampus (t= –2.91, uncorrectedp= 0.0225, correctedp= 0.0901). We also found reduced activation contrast (trauma &gt; neutral) after MDMA-AT in the cuneus. Finally, the amount of recovery from PTSD after MDMA-AT correlated with changes in four functional connections during autobiographical memory recall: the left amygdala—left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left amygdala—right PCC, left amygdala—left insula, and left isthmus cingulate—left posterior hippocampus.DiscussionAmygdala—insular functional connectivity is reliably implicated in PTSD and anxiety, and both regions are impacted by MDMA administration. These findings compliment previous research indicating that amygdala, hippocampus, and insula functional connectivity is a potential target of MDMA-AT, and highlights other regions of interest related to memory processes. More research is necessary to determine if these findings are specific to MDMA-AT compared to other types of treatment for PTSD.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02102802, identifier NCT02102802.
Interaction between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: A scoping review for developing a policy brief
Authors: Zarei Ehsan , Ghaffari Amir , Nikoobar Ali , Bastami Shayan , Hamdghaddari Hasan 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPayments to physicians by the pharmaceutical industry are common, but recent evidence shows that these payments influence physician prescribing behavior in the form of increased prescription of brand-name drugs, expensive and low-cost drugs, increased prescription of payer company drugs, etc. Considering that these payments increase drug costs for patients and health systems, there is a public interest in controlling them. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and propose policy options for managing physician-pharmaceutical industry interactions in the context of Iran's health system.MethodsIn the first phase, a systematic search was conducted to identify relevant policies and interventions in Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest databases from 2000 to 2022. Then, the opinions of the research team and an expert group (physicians, health policy and transparency experts, and industry representatives) were used to categorize the interventions and propose policy options along with their advantages, disadvantages, and implementation considerations.ResultsIn the search, 579 articles were retrieved, and 44 articles were found suitable for the final analysis. Twenty-nine interventions and strategies were identified, and based on these; Five policy options were identified: prohibition, restriction, physician self-regulation, voluntary industry disclosure, and mandatory industry disclosure.ConclusionThe proposed policies in our study include advantages, challenges, and implementation considerations based on up-to-date evidence that can help policymakers use them to manage COI in physician-pharmaceutical industry interactions in Iran's health system. A combination of measures seems to help manage COI: firstly, using self-regulating physicians and industry to institutionalize transparency, and in the next step, implementing mandatory industry disclosure policies and establishing restrictions on some financial interactions.
Workplace ostracism and employee wellbeing: A conservation of resource perspective
Authors: Wang Long-mei , Lu Lei , Wu Wei-lin , Luo Zi-wei 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAs a common phenomenon of workplace ostracism in corporate management, it is urgent to clarify how it affects employee well-being.MethodsBased on Conservation of Resource Theory, this study investigates the mechanisms of workplace ostracism on employee well-being and examines the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of team forgiveness climate by surveying 282 employees from 68 companies in mainland China.ResultsThe results show that (1) workplace ostracism negatively affects employee well-being; (2) emotional exhaustion plays a mediating role between workplace ostracism and employee well-being; (3) team forgiveness climate weakens the negative effect of workplace ostracism on emotional exhaustion and negatively moderates the indirect effect of workplace ostracism on employee well-being through emotional exhaustion.DiscussionIt tries to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for eliminating the negative effects of workplace ostracism and focusing on employee well-being.
Patients with severe mental illness and the ethical challenges related to confidentiality during family involvement: A scoping review
Authors: Hem Marit Helene , Molewijk Bert , Weimand Bente , Pedersen Reidar 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDespite evidence on the significant potential value of family involvement during the treatment of patients with severe mental illness, research has shown that family involvement is largely underused. The duty of confidentiality is reported to be a key barrier to family involvement. To develop more insight into this barrier, this scoping review focuses on the following question: What are the reported ethical challenges related to confidentiality when involving family in the treatment of patients with severe mental illness?MethodsA systematic search into primary studies was conducted using the following databases: Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science core collection (Clarivate). The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) scheme and qualitative content analysis were used to make the ethical challenges more explicit.ResultsTwelve studies—both qualitative and quantitative—were included. We identified the following main categories of ethical challenges: (1) the best interest of family members vs. confidentiality, (2) the patient's best interest vs. the right to confidentiality, (3) patient trust and alliance as a reason not to involve the relatives or not to share information, and (4) using confidentiality as a smokescreen. We also identified several subcategories and illustrative and concrete examples of ethical challenges.ConclusionsThrough a systematic examination, we discovered various types of ethical challenges related to confidentiality when involving the family in the treatment of patients with severe mental illness. However, research on these ethical challenges and the constituents of these challenges remains limited and often implicit. An ethical analysis will create knowledge which may facilitate a more balanced and nuanced approach to respecting the principle of confidentiality while also considering other moral principles. The duty of confidentiality does not always have to be a major barrier to family involvement; this insight and using this ethical analysis in the training of healthcare professionals may benefit the patient, the family, and the services.
The influence of vulnerability on depression among Japanese university athletes
Authors: Yamaguchi S. , Kawata Y. , Murofushi Y. , Ota T. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study examined the estimated causal relationship between vulnerability and depressive symptoms in Japanese university athletes and how the degree of vulnerability affects depressive symptoms.Materials and methodsIn Study 1, 248 Japanese university athletes completed a continual survey from Time 1 to Time 3. In Study 2, 562 Japanese university athletes responded to another survey during the same period. Structural equation modeling was performed to estimate the causal relationship using the cross-lagged effects model for the three waves. Next, a binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of vulnerability on depression.ResultsResults of the cross-lagged effects model showed that all paths from vulnerability to depressive symptoms were significant, and all paths from depressive symptoms to vulnerability were not significant. Thus, vulnerability was the causative variable and depressive symptoms were the outcome variables within the causal relationship. The logistic regression results showed that those with high vulnerability were 1.7 times more likely to have moderate or higher depressive symptoms than those with low vulnerability. Vulnerable individuals are at a higher risk for developing depressive symptoms. By verifying the causal relationship between vulnerability and depressive symptoms, we can contribute to the enhancement of mental health care in accordance with the weakest link model. Appropriate psychological support for athletes can decrease depression and improve their mental health.
Experimental Assessment of Intestinal Damage in Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death for Visceral Transplantation
Authors: Stringa Pablo , Vecchio Dezillio Leandro Emmanuel , Talayero Paloma , Serradilla Javier , Errea Agustina , Machuca Mariana , Papa-Gobbi Rodrigo , Camps Ortega Onys , Pucci Molineris Melisa , Lausada Natalia , Andres Moreno Ane Miren , Rumbo Martin , Hernández Oliveros Francisco 
Published: January 2023

There is an urgent need to address the shortage of potential multivisceral grafts in order to reduce the average time in waiting list. Since donation after circulatory death (DCD) has been successfully employed for other solid organs, a thorough evaluation of the use of intestinal grafts from DCD is warranted. Here, we have generated a model of Maastricht III DCD in rodents, focusing on the viability of intestinal and multivisceral grafts at five (DCD5) and twenty (DCD20) minutes of cardiac arrest compared to living and brain death donors. DCD groups exhibited time-dependent damage. DCD20 generated substantial intestinal mucosal injury and decreased number of Goblet cells whereas grafts from DCD5 closely resemble those of brain death and living donors groups in terms intestinal morphology, expression of tight junction proteins and number of Paneth and Globet cells. Upon transplantation, intestines from DCD5 showed increased ischemia/reperfusion damage compared to living donor grafts, however mucosal integrity was recovered 48 h after transplantation. No differences in terms of graft rejection, gene expression and absorptive function between DCD5 and living donor were observed at 7 post-transplant days. Collectively, our results highlight DCD as a possible strategy to increase multivisceral donation and transplantation procedures.
Molecular Detection of Salmonella spp. and E. coli non-O157:H7 in Two Halal Beef Slaughterhouses in the United States
Authors: Al-Mahmood Omar A. , Fraser Angela M. 
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria on halal beef carcasses and environmental surfaces in two halal beef slaughterhouses in the United States. To evaluate halal beef slaughter operations, 144 beef carcass samples (pre- and post-evisceration), and 24 environmental site samples (slaughter hall floor, brisket saw, and offal’s table) were collected in two halal beef slaughterhouses during June to September 2017. All carcass and environmental samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (non-O157 STEC). Results revealed that Salmonella spp. was isolated and confirmed for the presence of invA gene in 5/36 samples (13.8%) and 5/36 samples (13.8%) at pre-evisceration in plants A and B, respectively. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 2/9 samples (5.6%) of plants A and was not detected in any sample at post-evisceration process. E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in any sample collected from plant A and B. E. coli non-O157 was isolated and confirmed for the presence of virulence genes in 4/36 samples (11.1%) and 2/36 samples (5.5%) at post-evisceration in plants A and B, respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected based on the presence of the Salmonella invA gene in the slaughter hall floor (4/4) and the offal’s table (2/4) samples using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). In plant B, Salmonella spp. was also confirmed in the slaughter hall floor (2/4) and brisket saw (2/4) samples. On the other hand, one isolate of E. coli O157:H7 and one non-O157 STEC were obtained from the slaughter hall floor of plant A. The E. coli O157:H7 isolate was positive for stx1, stx2, eaeA, and EHEC-hly genes. Two isolates of non-O157 STEC (2/4) were detected in the environmental site samples, one from the slaughter hall floor, and one from an offal’s table sample of plant B. These data can be used to inform food safety interventions targeting halal meat operations in the southeastern United States.
Amino Acids as Bio-Based Curing Agents for Epoxy Resin: Correlation of Network Structure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Rothenhäusler Florian , Ruckdaeschel Holger 
Published: January 2023

Bio-based alternatives for petroleum-based thermosets are crucial for implementing sustainable practices in fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, the mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a (DGEBA) cured with either l-arginine, l-citrulline, γ-aminobutyric acid, l-glutamine, l-tryptophan, or l-tyrosine were investigated to determine the potential of amino acids as bio-based curing agents for epoxy resins. Depending on the curing agent, the glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and critical stress intensity factor range from 98.1 ∘C to 188.3 ∘C, 2.6 GPa to 3.5 GPa, 39.4 MPa to 46.4 MPa, and 0.48 MPam0.5 to 1.34 MPam0.5, respectively. This shows that amino acids as curing agents for epoxy resins result in thermosets with a wide range of thermo-mechanical properties and that the choice of curing agent has significant influence on the thermoset’s properties. After collecting the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile, flexural, compression, and compact tension tests, the functionality f, cross-link density νC, glass transition temperature Tg, Young’s modulus ET, compression yield strength σCy, critical stress intensity factor in mode I KIC, fracture energy GIC, and diameter of the plastic zone dp are correlated with one another to analyze their inter-dependencies. Here, the cross-link density correlates strongly positively with Tg, ET, and σCy, and strongly negatively with KIC, GIC, and dp. This shows that the cross-link density of DGEBA cured with amino acids has a crucial influence on their thermo-mechanical properties and that the thermosets considered may either be stiff and strong or tough, but hardly both at the same time.
The Impact of Corporate Governance Principles on Financial Performance in Jordanian Family Companies
Authors: Bouqalieh Bassam K. 
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of corporate governance principles on financial performance in Jordanian family companies. The study population consisted of industrial companies listed in the Amman Stock Exchange during the period (2014-2018). Corporate governance was measured by: (the size of the company’s board of directors, the separation of the positions of the chairman and the CEO, the independence of the board members and the percentage of ownership of major shareholders), while the financial performance was measured using financial ratios (profitability and liquidity) and the size of the company and leverage were used as adjusting variables.
The study sample consisted of (34) family-owned industrial companies listed in the Amman Stock Exchange out of (51) companies with a percentage of (66.6%) of the total number of industrial companies. The method of multiple-regression analysis was used to determine the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable, in addition to measuring the degree of interpretation of the independent variables of the variation in the dependent variable.
The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant impact of the implementation of family-business governance (the size of the board of directors, the separation of the positions of the chairman and the CEO, the independence of the members of the board of directors and the percentage of ownership of major shareholders) on the profitability ratio and the liquidity ratio being among the dimensions of financial performance. Corporate-governance variables in the study indicated that 81.4% of family businesses in Jordan apply corporate-governance principles and there was a statistically significant effect of the adjusting variables (company size and leverage) on the profitability and liquidity ratio in family businesses.
The study recommended the importance of applying the principles of corporate governance in family companies that have not fully implemented the principles of governance, because of their positive and significant role in enhancing their financial performance
InGaN-based LEDs on convex lens-shaped GaN arrays toward multiwavelength light emitters
Authors: Matsuda Yoshinobu , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
InGaN-based LEDs on convex lens-shaped GaN microstructures are fabricated. The gently sloping microstructures enable us to employ simple device processes similar to those for conventional planar LEDs. The fabricated LEDs show a clear rectifying property and broadband electroluminescence spectra ranging from ∼380 to ∼500 nm due to the multiwavelength emission properties of the InGaN quantum wells. Furthermore, the peak wavelength continuously changes from ∼470 to ∼410 nm within a particular current range.
Coating Technology By Two – Phase (Cold gas – Solid particles) Flow
Authors: Dr.   W.S. Abdul Wahab  
Published: January 2023

The surface coating process which is known as a cold spray (CS) of solid particles is performed by acceleration the solid particles for a certain metal to supersonic speeds through nozzle gas flow , are subsequently deposited by impact onto surface . Also this paper presents an analytical model for (CS) process , by assuming one dimensional isentropic flow , to demonstrate the dynamics of dilute two – phase (powder particles plus carrier gas) flow . Furthermore the equations for particle model are introduced , when heat transfers between the solid particles and assumed gas.
The velocity of the solid particles must be achieved to a critical value for carrying out an optimal deposition efficiency and a high coating quality , also several parameters , including gas condition such as stagnation pressure and temperature , the density of gas , in addition the particle characteristics and nozzle geometry affect on particle velocity then on the quality of coating .
Patient references in the 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS frameworks
Authors: Adam Holly L , Eady Kaylee , Moreau Katherine A 
Published: January 2023

Background: Patient involvement in postgraduate medical education (PGME) can help residents improve their communication, professionalism, and collaboration. The CanMEDS Framework defines such competencies for physicians and informs teaching and assessment activities in PGME. However, it is unclear how patients are referenced in the CanMEDS Framework and if these references encourage the active involvement of patients in PGME. To inform how patients are referenced in the revisions of the CanMEDS Framework, scheduled for publication in 2025, our aim was to determine how patients are referenced in each the 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS Frameworks.
Methods: We used document analysis to examine how the term ‘patient(s)’ is referenced in the 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS Frameworks.
Results: Several 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS Roles include patients in the descriptions but do not reference them in the competencies. Others do not reference patients in the descriptions or competencies, potentially detracting from the importance of involving patients. As it stands, the 2015 Health Advocate is the only Role that describes and references patients working with physicians as partners in care, facilitating potential opportunities for patient involvement in PGME.
Conclusion: There are inconsistencies in how patients are described and referenced as potential partners in PGME throughout past and present CanMEDS Frameworks. Understanding these inconsistencies can inform the revision of CanMEDS that is scheduled for publication in 2025.