bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new identified COL4A2 mutation contributes to astrocyte activation by activating JAK/STAT signaling in epilepsy
Authors: Hu Chunhui , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
COL4A2 is the encoding gene of the α2 chains of type IV collagen, and missense mutations of COL4A2 is correlated with multiple diseases. However, the association of COL4A2 mutations with epilepsy remains elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the function of COL4A2 mutations in the development of epilepsy. We performed a full spectrum of family-enhanced whole-exome sequencing on a family lineage and examined the genetic change on COL4A2 gene. The kainic acid (KA)-induced in vivo model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro model were established. The production and secretion of inflammation cytokines were measured by qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA assay. Neuron damages and astrocyte activation were checked by Nissle and GFAP immunofluorescence staining. One heterozygous variant was detected in the COL4A2 gene: c.1148C > T(p.Pro383Leu). COL4A2 mutation significant induced the exacerbation of seizures and impaired the learning and memory phenotype of the KA rats. COL4A2 mutation promoted the hippocampal astrocyte activation, enhanced hippocampal neuronal injury in the rats. The levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α elevated in KA-treated rats and LPS-treated astrocytes were further induced by COL4A2 mutation. Mechanically, COL4A2 mutation stimulated JAK/STAT signaling. JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation was promoted by COL4A2 mutation and JAK/STAT signaling inhibitor WP1066 could blocked the effect in primary astrocytes and CTX-TNA cells. These data indicated that a new identified COL4A2 mutation contributed to astrocyte activation by activating JAK/STAT signaling in epilepsy. Our findings provided a novel mechanism and treatment target of COL4A2 related epilepsy.
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Nanjing, China: A cross-section study from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Wei Wenjuan , Wang Zhibing , Li Chao , Jiang Zongdan , He Bangshun , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Shukui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in cases ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection has emerged as a significant global issue. This study investigates the resistance situations, particularly the levofloxacin resistance pattern ofH. pyloriin Nanjing, China. Methods This research screened 4277 individuals diagnosed withH. pyloriinfection between April 2018 and May 2023. The phenotype and genotype resistance were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and ARMS-PCR method. Results The most recent primary resistance rates for metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, furazolidone, and tetracycline were recorded at 77.23% (2385/3088), 37.24% (1150/3088), 27.72% (856/3088), 0.52% (16/3088), 0.19% (6/3088), and 0.06% (2/3088), respectively. For the recent five years, we observed a notable upsurge in the rate of metronidazole resistance and a slight elevation of clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance. The documented overall resistance rates to single-drug, dual-drug, triple-drug, and quadruple-drug regimens were 34.98%, 27.99%, 25.42%, and 0.21%, respectively. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains escalated, rising from 37.96% in 2018 to 66.22% in 2023. Strains from patients without levofloxacin eradication history showed significantly lower phenotypic (57.10%) and genotypic (65.57%) resistance rates compared to those with a history (94.74% and 88.73%, respectively). The prevailinggyrAmutations were primarily N87K (52.35%, 345/659), accompanied by D91N (13.96%, 92/659), and closely followed by D87G (10.77%, 71/659). An observed kappa value of 0.910 signifies strong concordance between ARMS-PCR and antibiotic sensitivity testing when identifying levofloxacin resistance. ForgyrAmutations, the 91-amino acid mutants exhibit a higher likelihood of discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic resistance than the 87-amino acid mutants. Conclusions The extent of antibiotic resistance withinH. pyloriremains substantial within the Nanjing region.Keeping track of regional information regarding antibiotic resistance inH. pyloriis crucial for customizing individual treatment approaches. If levofloxacin proves ineffective in eradicatingH. pyloriduring the initial treatment, its use in subsequent treatments is discouraged. The employment of levofloxacin resistance genotype testing can partially substitute conventional antibiotic sensitivity testing. Notably, predicting phenotypic resistance of levofloxacin through ARMS-PCR requires more attention to the mutation type ofgyrAto improve prediction accuracy.
Research on fruit and vegetable classification and recognition method based on Depth-wise Separable Convolution
Authors: Yue Zhen , Weng Jia-jie , Miao Zhuang , Sun Ying-kun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aiming at the problem that the settlement process in agricultural trade markets and fruit and vegetable supermarkets is not intelligent enough and the difficulty of deploying heavy neural network models, the lightweight recognition method of fruit and vegetable classification model is studied. Firstly, aiming at the complex environmental problems of fruit and vegetable supermarkets and farmers' markets and the subsequent practical use, a multi-scene collection scheme was used to collect 170 kinds of fruits and vegetables and 136,000 pictures in the fruit and vegetable supermarket, and an image preprocessing scheme for weakened bagging was formulated to further enhance the data. Then, a fruit and vegetable classification recognition model based on Depth-wise separable convolution is designed, trained and tested. Its top-1 success rate has reached 96.8%, the top-5 success rate has reached 100%. Compared to Mobilenetv2-224, the amount of computation has been reduced by 70%, compared to Mobilenetv3-224, the amount of computing has also been reduced by 60%, and the recognition ability was higher than Mobilenetv2-224 and lower than Mobilenetv3-224. Finally, the problems faced by the designed fruit and vegetable classification model in the actual deployment are analyzed.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution in Bangladeshi under-fives with community- acquired pneumonia pre-10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination
Authors: Vestjens Stefan M.T. , Mens Suzan P. van , Meek Bob , Lalmahomed Tariq A. , de Jong Ben , Goswami Doli , Vlaminckx Bart J.M. , Ahmed Dilruba , de Jongh Bartelt M. , Endtz Hubert P. , Brooks W. Abdullah , Rijkers Ger T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative pathogen of bacterial pneumonia in children worldwide. Bangladesh introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in their national immunization program for infants in 2015. We assessed its potential coverage in under-fives with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the years beforePCV10 was introduced.
Methods
A total of 1502 childhood pneumonia cases (<5 year olds living in the urban section Kamalapur, Dhaka) were enrolled between 2011 and 2013. Acute phase and late (convalescent) serum samples were collected from 1380 cases. Serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody concentrations were measured using a 25-plex immunoassay panel. Pneumococcal CAP was diagnosed based on a serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody response.
Results
S. pneumoniae was serologically identified as causative pathogen in 406/1380 (29%) cases. The five most prevalent serotypes were (in descending order) 11A, 22F, 3, 2 and 19F. Based on the percentage of pneumonia cases associated with PCV10 vaccine types, the potential PCV10 coverage was 29% (116/406).
Conclusions
In almost a third of the studied cases S. pneumoniae was identified as causative pathogen. Because of the characteristics of the immunoassay, this might well be a gross underestimation. Nevertheless, the potential PCV10-coverage was low. Given the high serotype diversity, the region might benefit greatly from a higher-coverage PCV or recombinant protein vaccine.
Rapidly Eroding Piñon–Juniper Woodlands in New Mexico
Authors: Hastings Brian K. , Smith Freeman M. , Jacobs Brian F. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe piñon (Pinus edulis Engelm.)–juniper [Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.] woodlands of Bandelier National Monument are experiencing accelerated erosion. Earlier studies suggest that causes of these rapidly eroding woodlands are related to an unprecedented rapid transition of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) savanna to piñon–juniper woodlands as a result of cumulative historical effects of overgrazing, fire suppression, and severe drought. To study the effectiveness of slash treatment in reducing accelerated erosion, we used sediment check dams to quantify sediment yield from twelve paired microwatersheds (300–1100 m2) within an existing paired watershed study. Six of the twelve microwatersheds were located in a 41‐ha (treatment) watershed with scattered slash treatment, whereas six microwatersheds were located in an adjacent 35‐ha untreated (control) watershed. The primary purpose of our research was to quantify the rates of sediment yield between the treated and control microwatersheds. Sediment yield was measured from 15 individual storms during the months of June–September (2000 and 2001). In response to slash treatment, mean seasonal sediment yield for 2000 equaled 2.99 Mg/ha in the control vs. 0.03 Mg/ha in the treatment and 2.07 Mg/ha in the control vs. 0.07 Mg/ha in the treatment in 2001. The practice of slash treatment demonstrates efficacy in reducing erosion in degraded piñon–juniper woodlands by encouraging herbaceous recovery. Our data show that slash treatment increases total ground cover (slash and herbaceous growth) beyond a potential erosion threshold. Restored piñon–juniper woodlands, as the result of slash treatment, provide a forest structure similar to pre‐grazing and pre‐fire suppression conditions and decrease catastrophic fire hazard.
Pulsed Redistribution of a Contaminant Following Forest Fire
Authors: Johansen Mathew P. , Hakonson Thomas E. , Whicker F. Ward , Breshears David D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTOf the natural processes that concentrate dispersed environmental contaminants, landscape fire stands out as having potential to rapidly concentrate contaminants and accelerate their redistribution. This study used rainfall simulation methods to quantify changes in concentration of a widely dispersed environmental contaminant (global fallout 137Cs) in soils and surface water runoff following a major forest fire at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. The 137Cs concentrations at the ground surface increased up to 40 times higher in ash deposits and three times higher for the topmost 50 mm of soil compared with pre‐fire soils. Average redistribution rates were about one order of magnitude greater for burned plots, 5.96 KBq ha−1 mm−1 rainfall, compared with unburned plots, 0.55 KBq ha−1 mm−1 rainfall. The greatest surface water transport of 137Cs, 11.6 KBq ha−1 mm−1, occurred at the plot with the greatest amount of ground cover removal (80% bare soil) following fire. Concentration increases of 137Cs occurred during surface water erosion, resulting in enrichment of 137Cs levels in sediments by factors of 1.4 to 2.9 compared with parent soils. The elevated concentrations in runoff declined rapidly with time and cumulative precipitation occurrence and approached pre‐fire levels after approximately 240 mm of rainfall. Our results provide evidence of order‐of‐magnitude concentration increases of a fallout radionuclide as a result of forest fire and rapid transport of radionuclides following fire that may have important implications for a wide range of geophysical, ecosystem, fire management, and risk‐based issues.
Monthly runoff prediction using the VMD-LSTM-Transformer hybrid model: a case study of the Miyun Reservoir in Beijing
Authors: Guo Shaolei , Wen Yihao , Zhang Xianqi , Chen Haiyang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accurate runoff prediction is of great significance for flood prevention and mitigation, agricultural irrigation, and reservoir scheduling in watersheds. To address the strong non-linear and non-stationary characteristics of runoff series, a hybrid model of monthly runoff prediction, variational mode decomposition (VMD)–long short-term memory (LSTM)–Transformer, is proposed. Firstly, VMD is used to decompose the runoff series into multiple modal components, and the sample entropy of each modal component is calculated and divided into high-frequency and low-frequency components. The LSTM model is then used to predict the high-frequency components and the transformer to predict the low-frequency components. Finally, the prediction results are summed to obtain the final prediction results. The Mann–Kendall trend test method is used to analyze the runoff characteristics of the Miyun Reservoir, and the constructed VMD–LSTM–Transformer model is used to forecast the runoff of the Miyun Reservoir. The prediction results are compared and evaluated with those of VMD–LSTM, VMD–Transformer, empirical mode decomposition (EMD)–LSTM–Transformer, and empirical mode decomposition (EMD)–LSTM models. The results show that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) value of this model is 0.976, mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.206 × 107 m3, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.381%, and root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.411 × 107 m3, all of which are better than other models, indicating that the VMD–LSTM–Transformer model has higher prediction accuracy and can be applied to runoff prediction in the actual study area.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Olefin Metathesis in Water using Thermo-responsive Diblock
Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Watanabe Ken , Takahashi Chirika , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions were conducted in water with thermoresponsive
block copolymers forming micelles. The block copolymers were prepared by living radical
polymerization and consisted of a thermo-responsive and hydrophilic segments. The former
segment included poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide), and the latter
poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) or
poly(ethylene glycol). Homometathesis, cross-metathesis and ring-closing metathesis reactions proceeded
to afford the products in moderate to good yields. Extraction efficiency from the reaction
mixture was also studied.
Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Pathological Myocardial
Hypertrophy
Authors: Gao Zhicheng , Bao Jiaqi , Hu Yilan , Tu Junjie , Ye Lifang , Wang Lihong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new type of oral hypoglycemic
drugs that exert a hypoglycemic effect by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal
renal tubules, thus promoting the excretion of glucose from urine. Their hypoglycemic effect is
not dependent on insulin. Increasing data shows that SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes
in patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors
can reduce pathological myocardial hypertrophy with or without diabetes, but the exact mechanism
remains to be elucidated. To clarify the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and pathological
myocardial hypertrophy, with a view to providing a reference for the future treatment thereof, this
study reviewed the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in attenuating pathological myocardial
hypertrophy. We focused specifically on the mechanisms in terms of inflammation, oxidative
stress, myocardial fibrosis, mitochondrial function, epicardial lipids, endothelial function, insulin
resistance, cardiac hydrogen and sodium exchange, and autophagy.
Neuroprotective Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) on
In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Retinal Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Jiaxian , Huang Ziyang , Jin Yu , Liang Lina , Li Yamin , Xu Kai , Zhou Wei , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally produced hydrophilic
bile acid that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine. Numerous recent in vitro and in vivo
studies have shown that TUDCA has neuroprotective action in various models of retinal disorders.

Objective:
To systematically review the scientific literature and provide a comprehensive summary on
the neuroprotective action and the mechanisms involved in the cytoprotective effects of TUDCA.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Systematic literature search of
United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and
Cochrane Library was performed, which covered all original articles published up to July 2022. The
terms, “TUDCA” in combination with “retina”, “retinal protection”, “neuroprotection” were searched.
Possible biases were identified with the adopted SYRCLE’s tool.

Results:
Of the 423 initially gathered studies, 24 articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria for full-text
review. Six of them were in vitro experiments, 17 studies reported in vivo data and one study described
both in vitro and in vivo data. The results revealed the effect of TUDCA on different retinal diseases,
such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal degeneration (RD), retinal ganglion
cell (RGC) injury, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), choroidal neovascularization
(CNV), and retinal detachment (RDT). The quality scores of the in vivo studies were ranged from 5 to
7 points (total 10 points), according to SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggested
that TUDCA could effectively delay degeneration and apoptosis of retinal neurons, preserve
retinal structure and function, and its mechanism of actions might be related with inhibiting apoptosis,
decreasing inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,
and reducing angiogenesis.

Conclusion:
This systematic review demonstrated that TUDCA has neuroprotective effect on in vivo
and in vitro models of retinal disorders, reinforcing the currently available evidence that TUDCA
could be a promising therapeutic agent in retinal diseases treatment. However, well designed clinical
trials are necessary to appraise the efficacy of TUDCA in clinical setting.
Managing Diabetic Complications with Alternative Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit Prakash , Upadhyay Pawan , Das Shibu , Tiwari Neha , Mishra Sudhanshu , Tripathi Shivendra Mani 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by a lack of insulin production or impaired insulin function, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Conventional treatment methods for diabetes management typically include lifestyle changes and medications. However, alternative therapies have gained attention in recent years, including traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids, aromatherapy, and homeopathy. Diabetic complications are common in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and can lead to serious health problems, including diabetic retinopathy, impaired wound healing, kidney disease, nerve damage, and cardiovascular disease. Alternative remedies, such as traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements, and aromatherapy, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing these complications. Traditional medicines like bitter melon, cinnamon, and fenugreek have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects due to their bioactive compounds. Similarly, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids have been found to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Aromatherapy, which involves the use of essential oils, has also been explored for its potential benefits in diabetes management. Homeopathy, which uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities, has been used to treat diabetes-related symptoms like neuropathy and wounds. Personalized care is essential in natural diabetes management because each person's body and health needs are unique. A holistic approach that addresses the individual's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being is essential. As research in this field continues to expand, a more comprehensive understanding of diabetes management will lead to improved outcomes for those living with this condition.
Efficacy and Safety of PARP Inhibitor Therapy in Advanced Ovarian
Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized
Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Juying , Wu Xiaozhe , Wang Hongzhe , Lian Xiaoshan , Li Bing , Zhan Xiangbo 
Published: September 2023

Aims:
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitor therapy in
advanced ovarian cancer and identify the optimal treatment for the survival of patients.

Background:
The diversity of PARP inhibitors makes clinicians confused about the optimal strategy and the most effective BRCAm mutation-based regimen for the survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of various PARP inhibitors alone
or in combination with other agents in advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for relevant
studies on PARP inhibitors for ovarian cancer. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed
using Stata 15.0 and R 4.0.4. The primary outcome was the overall PFS, and the secondary outcomes included OS, AE3, DISAE, and TFST.

Results:
Fifteen studies involving 5,788 participants were included. The Bayesian network metaanalysis results showed that olaparibANDAI was the most beneficial in prolonging overall PFS
and non-BRCAm PFS, followed by niraparibANDAI. However, for BRCAm patients, olaparibTR
might be the most effective, followed by niraparibANDAI. Olaparib was the most effective for
the OS of BRCAm patients. AI, olaparibANDAI, and veliparibTR were more likely to induce
grade 3 or higher adverse events. AI and olaparibANDAI were more likely to cause DISAE.

Conclusion:
PARP inhibitors are beneficial to the survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The olaparibTR is the most effective for BRCAm patients, whereas olaparibANDAI and niraparibANDAI are preferable for non-BRCAm patients.

Other:
More high-quality studies are desired to investigate the efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors in patients with other genetic performances.