bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep dive: Chandra observations of the NGC 4839 group falling into the Coma cluster
Authors: Mirakhor M S , Walker S A , Runge J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Cosmological simulations of structure formation predict that galaxy clusters continue to grow and evolve through ongoing mergers with group-scale systems. During these merging events, the ram pressure applied by the intracluster medium acts to strip the gas from the infalling groups, forming large tails of stripped gas, which eventually become part of the main cluster. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of our new deep Chandra observations of the NGC 4839 group falling into the nearby Coma cluster, providing a unique opportunity to explore the way galaxy clusters in the local Universe continue to grow. Our analysis reveals a cold front feature at the leading head of the group, preceded by a bow shock of hot gas in front with a Mach number of ∼1.5. The power spectrum of surface brightness fluctuations in the tail shows that the slope gets less steep as the distance from the leading head increases, changing from $-2.35_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ at the inner part of the tail to $-1.37_{-0.07}^{+0.09}$ at the outermost part of the tail. These values are shallower than the slope of the Kolmogorov 2D power spectrum, indicating that thermal conduction is being suppressed throughout the tail, enabling long-lived small-scale turbulence, which would typically be washed out if thermal conduction was not inhibited. The characteristic amplitude of surface brightness fluctuations in the tail suggests a mild level of turbulence with a Mach number in the range of 0.1–0.5, agreeing with that found for the infalling group in Abell 2142.
Real-time prediction of intradialytic hypotension using machine learning and cloud computing infrastructure
Authors: Zhang Hanjie , Wang Lin-Chun , Chaudhuri Sheetal , Pickering Aaron , Usvyat Len , Larkin John , Waguespack Pete , Kuang Zuwen , Kooman Jeroen P , Maddux Franklin W , Kotanko Peter 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
In maintenance hemodialysis patients, intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a frequent complication that has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. Prediction of IDH may facilitate timely interventions and eventually reduce IDH rates.

Methods
We developed a machine learning model to predict IDH in in-center hemodialysis patients 15–75 min in advance. IDH was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;90 mmHg. Demographic, clinical, treatment-related and laboratory data were retrieved from electronic health records and merged with intradialytic machine data that were sent in real-time to the cloud. For model development, dialysis sessions were randomly split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used as a measure of the model's predictive performance.

Results
We utilized data from 693 patients who contributed 42 656 hemodialysis sessions and 355 693 intradialytic SBP measurements. IDH occurred in 16.2% of hemodialysis treatments. Our model predicted IDH 15–75 min in advance with an AUROC of 0.89. Top IDH predictors were the most recent intradialytic SBP and IDH rate, as well as mean nadir SBP of the previous 10 dialysis sessions.

Conclusions
Real-time prediction of IDH during an ongoing hemodialysis session is feasible and has a clinically actionable predictive performance. If and to what degree this predictive information facilitates the timely deployment of preventive interventions and translates into lower IDH rates and improved patient outcomes warrants prospective studies.
Primary papillary epithelial tumor of the sella and posterior pituitary tumor show similar (epi)genetic features and constitute a single neuro-oncological entity
Authors: Feng Jing , Duan Zejun , Yao Kun , Gui Qiuping , Liu Xing , Wang Xingfu , Du Zunguo , Shao Liwei , Zhang Benyan , Cai Shanshan , Zhu Mingwang , Ma Zhong , Hu Zejuan , Xiang Lei , Fan Xiaolong , Qi Xueling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
“Primary papillary epithelial tumor of the sella (PPETS)” is a recently described rare tumor entity of the central nervous system (CNS) with stereotypic location in the sella. Comprehensive molecular investigations and epigenetic profiles of PPETS have not been performed to date.

Methods
We report a comprehensive clinical, histopathologic, and molecular assessment of 5 PPETS cases in comparison with a cohort composed of 7 choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), 7 central neurocytoma (CN), 15 posterior pituitary tumor (PPT) including 4 pituicytoma, 6 granular cell tumors of the sellar region (GCT), and 5 spindle cell oncocytoma.

Results
All PPETS had good outcomes. Immunohistochemically, PPETS tumors showed positive staining with TTF1, EMA, AE1/AE3, MAP2, and Vimentin, but were negatively stained with Syn, GFAP, CgA, and S100, and sporadically stained with Ki-67. In unsupervised hierarchical clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analyses of DNA-methylation data, PPETS and PPT tumors formed a distinct cluster irrespective of their histologic types. However, PPETS tumors did not cluster together with CPP and CN samples. Similar findings were obtained when our samples were projected into the reference cohort of the brain tumor classifier. Substantial fractions of the PPETS and PPT tumors shared broadly similar chromosomal copy number alterations. No mutations were detected using targeted next-generation sequencing.

Conclusions
Though more cases are needed to further elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors, our findings indicate that PPETS and PPT tumors may constitute a single neurooncological entity.
Unraveling the electrophilic oxygen-mediated mechanism for alcohol electrooxidation on NiO
Authors: Chen Wei , Shi Jianqiao , Xie Chao , Zhou Wang , Xu Leitao , Li Yingying , Wu Yandong , Wu Binbin , Huang Yu-Cheng , Zhou Bo , Yang Ming , Liu Jilei , Dong Chung-Li , Wang Tehua , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Aqueous organic electrosynthesis such as nucleophile oxidation reaction (NOR) is an economical and green approach. However, its development has been hindered by the inadequate understanding of the synergy between the electrochemical and non-electrochemical steps. In this study, we unravel the NOR mechanism for the primary alcohol/vicinal diol electrooxidation on NiO. Thereinto, the electrochemical step is the generation of Ni3+-(OH)ads, and the spontaneous reaction between Ni3+-(OH)ads and nucleophiles is an electrocatalyst-induced non-electrochemical step. We identify that two electrophilic oxygen-mediated mechanisms (EOMs), EOM involving hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and EOM involving C–C bond cleavage, play pivotal roles in the electrooxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid and the electrooxidation of vicinal diol to carboxylic acid and formic acid, respectively. Based on these findings, we establish a unified NOR mechanism for alcohol electrooxidation and deepen the understanding of the synergy between the electrochemical and non-electrochemical steps during NOR, which can guide the sustainable electrochemical synthesis of organic chemicals.
Novel application to estimate the mass-loss and the dust-formation rates in O-type gamma-ray binaries using near-infrared photometry
Authors: Moritani Yuki , Kawachi Akiko , Okazaki Atsuo T , Chimasu Sho , Yoshida Hiromi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We have performed the near-infrared photometric monitoring observations of two TeV gamma-ray binaries with O-stars (LS 5039 and 1FGL J1018.6−5856), using IRSF/SIRIUS at SAAO, in order to study the stellar parameters and their perturbations caused by the binary interactions. The whole orbital phase was observed multiple times and no significant variabilities including orbital modulations were detected for both targets. Assuming that the two systems are colliding wind binaries, we estimate the amplitude of flux variation caused by the difference in the optical depth of O-star wind at inferior conjunction, where the star is seen through the cavity created by pulsar wind, and other orbital phases without pulsar-wind intervention. The derived amplitude is &lt;0.001 mag, which is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the observed upper limit. Also using the upper limits of the near-infrared variability, we for the first time obtain the upper limit of the dust formation rate resulting from wind–wind collision in O-star gamma-ray binaries.
Through an Australian Lens: The Influence of Body-Worn Cameras on Complaints Against Police—Beyond the Numbers
Authors: Davies Amanda , Krame Ghaleb 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobally, police and law enforcement agencies have looked to Body-Worn Cameras (BWC) for the promise they may offer to address the many and varied complex issues faced in policing a rapidly changing modern society. This paper discusses the evaluation of the use of BWCs in the 17,000+ officer New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) and the results specifically associated with implications for the topical and widely impactful complaints against police domain. The evaluative research is one of the first of its kind in Australia and the quantitative and qualitative data (from questionnaires and interviews) was sourced from members of the community, legal profession, judiciary, front line police officers, police managers, victims of crime advocacy groups, multicultural group representatives and organizational data, to inform on the potential impact from the deployment of BWCs by NSWPF officers. The results indicate potential, substantial advantages with data trends indicating a reduction in the number of complaints received and a reduction in the number of citizen complaints against officers upheld. The efficiency of triaging complaint submissions and the associated reported increase in officer morale are key areas to which the literature to date is an under-explored aspect of the police use of BWCs. This study offers a contribution to the constantly evolving body of literature and importantly contributing to informing policing policy, operational procedures and initiatives in safeguarding police officers and the community they serve.
What Makes Public Sector Data Valuable for Development?
Authors: Jolliffe Dean , Mahler Daniel Gerszon , Veerappan Malarvizhi , Kilic Talip , Wollburg Philip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Data produced by the public sector can have transformational impacts on development outcomes through better targeting of resources, improved service delivery, cost savings, increased accountability, and more. Around the world, the amount of data produced by the public sector is increasing rapidly, but we argue the full potential of data to improve development outcomes has not been realized yet. We outline 12 features needed for data to generate greater value for development and present case studies substantiating these features. We argue that a key reason why the transformational value of data has not yet been realized is that suboptimal data—data not satisfying these 12 features—are being supplied. The features are that the data should be of adequate spatial and temporal coverage (complete, frequent, and timely), should be of high quality (accurate, comparable, and granular), should be easy to use (accessible, understandable, and interoperable), and should be safe to use (impartial, confidential, and appropriate).
Effect of Allelochemicals from Cereal Rye Cultivar and Pythium lutarium on Corn Growth and Disease
Authors: Acharya Jyotsna , Robertson Alison E. 
Published: April 2023

Allelopathic chemicals produced by a cereal rye (CR; Secale cereale L.) cover crop have been implicated in the negative effect of CR on corn planted into decomposing CR residue. Production of allelochemicals varies among CR cultivars. In the current study, the allelopathic effect of crude extracts from five CR cultivars (Elbon, Hazlet, Serafino, Tayo, and Yankee) was evaluated on corn seedling growth, mycelial growth of Pythium lutarium, and root rot of corn caused by P. lutarium using a plate assay. In general, crude extracts from all CR cultivars slowed pathogen growth and reduced corn coleoptile and radicle lengths. When corn was grown on media amended with crude extracts from the CR cultivars and colonized with P. lutarium, corn growth was reduced and root rot severity increased compared with the check (no extract with pathogen). Subsequently, a cup assay was used to further investigate the allelopathic effect of Elbon, Hazlet, and Serafino on corn seedling growth and root rot. Corn grown in cups into which each cultivar had been planted had shorter radicles and coleoptiles compared with the check (no CR), regardless of the CR cultivar. Results from this study suggest that allelochemicals released from decomposing CR vary among cultivars, and their interaction with Pythium spp. could affect seedling disease on corn. Consequently, choice of CR cultivar may be an important management decision to reduce the negative effects of CR on corn. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Supplemental fixation of distal femur fractures: a review of biomechanical and clinical evidence
Authors: Wadhwa Harsh , Goodnough L. Henry , Sharma Jigyasa , Maschhoff Clayton W. , Van Rysselberghe Noelle L. , Bishop Julius A. , Gardner Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Fixation of distal femur fractures with lateral locking plates has relatively high rates of clinical failure. Supplemental fixation has shown promising results, and may reduce rates of fixation failure or nonunion. This review aimed to assess the biomechanical and clinical evidence regarding the use of supplemental fixation of distal femur fractures.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for English language studies up to December 4, 2020, identifying 1,829 studies. Biomechanical studies that assessed fracture displacement, load/cycles to failure, or construct stiffness and clinical studies that assessed fixation failure or nonunion after supplemental fixation of distal femur fractures were included. Studies with sample size ≤5, ORIF with non-locking plates, periprosthetic distal femoral fractures, nonunions or revision surgeries were excluded.

Results:
Seventeen studies were included, of which 8 were biomechanical and 9 clinical. Overall, biomechanical studies demonstrated increased construct stability and load to failure with various supplemental fixation strategies. Clinical studies demonstrated more mixed outcomes for nonunion and fixation failure rate among the various techniques.

Conclusions:
Biomechanical studies have demonstrated potential benefits of these strategies, but there remains a dearth of high-quality evidence evaluating their effect on clinical outcomes. Prospective RCTs are necessary to address these issues and confirm the results in the existing literature.

Level of Evidence:
IID
Congress Report on the Second World Congress of Global Scar Society with Scar Academy and Japan Scar Workshop
Authors: Abdelhakim Mohamed , Dohi Teruyuki , Ogawa Rei 
Published: April 2023

Summary:
Pathological scars (including keloids, hypertrophic scars, and scar contractures) are present with high severity among certain populations, particularly in Asians and Africans who are highly prone to develop scars. Understanding the patho-mechanism that underlies scarring, such as mechanosignaling, systemic, and genetic factors, as well as optimal surgical techniques and integrated noninvasive therapeutic methods can guide clinicians to develop treatment protocols that can overcome these issues. This report summarizes a congress at Pacifico Yokohama (Conference Center) on December 19, 2021 involving researchers and clinicians from diverse disciplines who convened to discuss current clinical, preclinical, and most recent research advances in understanding pathological scarring, keloid and hypertrophic scar management, and research progress in wound healing. Presenters described the advances in scar therapies, understanding scarring mechanisms, and scar prevention and assessments tools. Moreover, presenters addressed the challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and using telemedicine in management of scar patients.
Presence of pseudo-Kayser-Fleischer rings in patients without Wilson disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sabhapandit Swapnali , Kulkarni Anand , Soumya TR , Anumula Shireesha , Konda Mounika S. , Shaik Tumula A. , Solomon Perumalla , Rao Padaki N. , Jagtap Nitin , Reddy Duvvur N. , Sharma Mithun 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:
Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings are due to copper deposition in Descemet membrane of the cornea in Wilson disease. Pseudo-KF ring (PKF), seen in patients with high bilirubin, is often misinterpreted as KF rings. These are bilirubin deposits in posterior corneal stroma. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the presence of KF and PKF rings in Wilson disease and non-Wilsonian liver disease with serum bilirubin >5 mg/dL.

Methods:
All patients referred from the hepatology unit with serum bilirubin >5 mg/dL were assessed by slit-lamp examination (SLE) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months for differences in corneal deposits between KF and PKF rings. All other clinical, laboratory, radiological, genetic, and tissue diagnoses by liver biopsy were done as required to confirm the cause of liver disease.

Results:
Among the 750 patients examined, corneal deposits were present in 13%, KF rings as granular deposits in 31.7%, and PKF as a posterior stromal hue in 68.3% of cases. PKF rings showed regression in 60%, disappearance in 36.6% at 3 months, and in 100% of cases at 6 months. KF ring showed regression in 10.7% and 8.3% until 6 months. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography identified KF ring as a hyperintense line on Descemet membrane in an additional 9.7% of patients compared with a scattered hyperintense hue in PKF rings.

Conclusions:
The presence of PKF rings in patients with jaundice is not uncommon and should be differentiated from true KF rings. Serial monitoring is essential to look for resolution, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography may be additionally helpful.
Thinning of the Lamina Cribrosa and Deep Layer Microvascular Dropout in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma and High Myopia
Authors: Chen Yanhui , Mi Baoyue , Li Haoru , Du Bei , Liu Lin , Xing Xiaoli , Lam Andrew K. , To Chi-ho , Wei Ruihua 
Published: April 2023

Précis:
Lamina cribrosa (LC) thinning (thickness of ≤128.00 µm) helps to distinguish open angle glaucoma from high myopia, which was associated with the presence of microvasculature dropout and elevated intraocular pressure.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with LC thickness in highly myopic eyes with and without open angle glaucoma.

Methods:
In total, 240 highly myopic eyes with γ-zones (194 eyes without and 46 eyes with open angle glaucoma) were examined, and the LC center, externally oblique border, an abrupt change of scleral curvature (scleral step), deep layer microvasculature dropout and global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were investigated on optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
LC were thinner in highly myopic open angle glaucoma compared with high myopia alone (107.76±9.86 vs. 137.07±18.51 µm, P<0.001), which was associated with deep layer microvasculature dropout and elevated intraocular pressure. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting open angle glaucoma from the LC thickness was 0.964, which was statistically higher (P<0.05) than from the global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (0.921) and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (0.902). A LC thickness cutoff value of 128 µm provided 100% sensitivity for detecting open angle glaucoma with 84% specificity.

Conclusions:
Highly myopic eyes with open angle glaucoma appear to have a thinner LC, which was associated with elevated intraocular pressure and deep layer microvasculature dropout. LC thinning (≤128.00 µm) helps distinguish open angle glaucoma from high myopia with an abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness distribution and unclear shallow disc cupping.
Effect of regional versus general anesthesia on thirty-day outcomes following carotid endarterectomy: a cohort study
Authors: Kline Leigh A. , Kothandaraman Venkatraman , Knio Ziyad O. , Zuo Zhiyi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The effect of regional versus general anesthesia on carotid endarterectomy outcomes is debated. This study assesses the effect of anesthetic technique on major morbidity and mortality and additional secondary endpoints following carotid endarterectomy.

Materials and methods:
This was a retrospective propensity-matched-cohort analysis investigating elective carotid endarterectomy patients in the 2015–2019 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (n=37 204). The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality and major morbidity, defined as stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. Secondary endpoints included minor morbidity, bleeding events, healthcare resource utilization, and length of hospital stay. Univariate, multivariable, and survival analyses were applied.

Results:
The 1 : 1 propensity-matched-cohort included 8304 patients (4152 in each group). Regional anesthesia was associated with similar incidences of major morbidity and mortality [odds ratio (OR), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.61–1.09); P = 0.162] and unplanned resource utilization [OR, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.78–1.11); P = 0.443], but lower incidences of minor morbidity [OR, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.44–0.81); P < 0.001] and bleeding events [OR, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.30–0.78); P = 0.002], and a shorter length of hospital stay [1.4 vs. 1.6 days; mean difference, -0.16 days (95% CI, -0.25 to -0.07); P < 0.001]. On multivariable analysis, regional anesthesia remained independently predictive of minor morbidity [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.42–0.79); P = 0.001] and bleeding events [AOR, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.30–0.77); P = 0.003]. Significance was maintained on survival analysis for these two endpoints. A mortality benefit was observed on univariate [OR, 0.50 (95% CI, 0.25–1.00); P = 0.045], multivariable [AOR, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.24–0.96); P = 0.043], and survival analysis (P = 0.045).

Conclusions:
Carotid endarterectomy patients receiving regional anesthesia experience favorable outcomes compared to propensity-matched general anesthesia controls.