bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Populus euphraticacounteracts drought stress through the dew coupling and root hydraulic redistribution processes
Authors: Fan Xue , Hao Xingming , Zhang Sen , Zhao Zhuoyi , Zhang Jingjing , Li Yuanhang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn arid and semi-arid areas, plants can directly absorb and use dew through their leaves, and some plants have the ability for hydraulic redistribution of their roots. Therefore, in arid areas, plants may redistribute dew to the soil, using the soil as a reservoir for short-term dry seasons, i.e. dew may participate in the hydraulic redistribution process of plants. This process plays an important role in plant survival and community stability.MethodsTo verify this hypothesis, we investigated the water use mechanism of Populus euphratica through a comprehensive observation of sap flow, water potential and soil water content using a heavy water tracer experiment under in situ field conditions.Results and DiscussionDewdrops contributed 28.3 % of soil moisture near the roots, and applying dew on leaves for several days significantly improved soil moisture status. Hydraulic redistribution in the roots mainly occurred from 2200 h at night to 800 h the following day and mainly occurred in the 20- to 80-cm soil layer. Water storage in the trunk is the intermediate link in the coupling process of foliar water uptake and hydraulic redistribution; water storage in the trunk is mainly replenished from May to July and consumed throughout the rest of the year. In conclusion, dew redistributes water into soil through the coupling process of foliar water uptake and hydraulic redistribution. Populus euphratica uses the trunk and soil for water storage to cope with water stress during short-term drought periods. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the restoration of different species in water-deficient areas, which is conducive to maintaining vegetation ecosystem stability in areas of desertification and improving the soil water balance.
Genetic variability ofChamaerops humilis(Arecaceae) throughout its native range highlights two species movement pathways from its area of origin
Authors: Giovino Antonio , Guarino Carmine , Marchese Annalisa , Sciarillo Rosaria , Domina Gianniantonio , Tolone Marco , Mateu-Andrés Isabel , Khadari Bouchaib , Schillaci Calogero , Guara-Requena Miguel , Saia Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe European fan palm (Chamaerops humilis, Arecaceae) is the only native palm in continental Europe, providing ecosystem services that are hard to obtain from other species. However, its populations are declining in some areas due to anthropogenic effects including climate change. Knowledge of genetic variability among natural populations is needed to establish conservation plans, to prevent genetic contamination of native stands by cultivated germplasm and to exploit it as an ornamental species. However, information on the genetic similarities among C. humilis populations is scarce. The aims of this work were to study genetic structure in C. humilis using a set of specifically designed genetic markers and to highlight genetic similarities and their relationships with geographical proximity. We sampled 301 specimens from 42 natural populations throughout the distribution area and analysed these with ten di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotide simple sequence repeats. Relationships between genetic similarities and geographical distances were analysed and populations grouped according to a genetic, geographical or national clustering. We found lower variability in populations from the eastern half of the distribution, and this lower variability was accompanied by a stronger relationship between genetic differences and spatial proximity. In addition, we found that C. humilis probably showed two patterns of spread and further differentiation: one from Morocco to southern continental Spain and then to Portugal and the Balearic Islands, and one from Morocco to Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily and continental Italy. Populations from Sardinia and France showed similarities to those from Spain and Tunisia, respectively, and may have arisen from multiple colonization events. Our results support the hypothesis that isolation on large islands may have increased diversification of the species even if all populations shared the same founder. These results have important implications for both the ecological management and the conservation of the species.
A Needs Assessment for Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity: Survey Results of the Society of Breast Imaging
Authors: Wahab Rifat A , Oluyemi Eni , Jackson Tatianie , Feliciano-Rivera Yara Z , Roubidoux Marilyn , Zhang Bin , Mehta Tejas S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess and understand the inclusion, diversity, and equity (IDE) needs of the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) membership to guide development of a strategic plan and goals for the Inclusion, Diversity, Equity Alliance (IDEA) of SBI.

Methods
A 23-question survey developed by IDEA was distributed electronically to all SBI members in November 2020 to assess and understand the society’s IDE needs. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses. Open-ended responses were reviewed by the authors and sorted into three categories: supportive, nonsupportive, or neutral suggestions.

Results
The response rate was 12% (453/3686). Only 55% (238/429) of respondents agreed that the diversity of SBI leadership reflected the diversity of the society, with stronger agreement that actions of SBI aligned with their core values of collaboration and collegiality (327/249,75%), and of respect for diversity and inclusiveness (303/429, 70%). Overall, 65% (172/264) of respondents were satisfied with the quality and diversity of speakers at the annual symposium; however, White respondents agreed more compared to non-White respondents (P = 0.035), and those practicing greater than 20 years agreed more compared to those practicing 6 to 10 years (P = 0.023). Of 88 total suggestions, three common themes were: more resources for recruitment, retention, and education for a diverse staff; further increase in diversity among leadership and membership; and more patient care resources.

Conclusion
In addition to showing areas of agreement by SBI members, this survey also identified opportunities for SBI and IDEA to further incorporate IDE into our initiatives and organization.
A customized strategy to design intercalation-type Li-free cathodes for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Wang Da , Yu Jia , Yin Xiaobin , Shao Sen , Li Qianqian , Wang Yanchao , Avdeev Maxim , Chen Liquan , Shi Siqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPairing Li-free transition-metal-based cathodes (MX) with Li-metal anodes is an emerging trend to overcome the energy-density limitation of current rechargeable Li-ion technology. However, the development of practical Li-free MX cathodes is plagued by the existing notion of low voltage due to the long-term overlooked voltage-tuning/phase-stability competition. Here, we propose a p-type alloying strategy involving three voltage/phase-evolution stages, of which each of the varying trends are quantitated by two improved ligand-field descriptors to balance the above contradiction. Following this, an intercalation-type 2H-V1.75Cr0.25S4 cathode tuned from layered MX2 family is successfully designed, which possesses an energy density of 554.3 Wh kg−1 at the electrode level accompanied by interfacial compatibility with sulfide solid-state electrolyte. The proposal of this class of materials is expected to break free from scarce or high-cost transition-metal (e.g. Co and Ni) reliance in current commercial cathodes. Our experiments further confirm the voltage and energy-density gains of 2H-V1.75Cr0.25S4. This strategy is not limited to specific Li-free cathodes and offers a solution to achieve high voltage and phase stability simultaneously.
Online education for safer opioid prescribing in hospitals—lessons learnt from the Opioid Use Change (OUCh) project
Authors: Gliszczynski Konrad , Hindmarsh Alice , Ellis Samantha , Ling Johnathan , Anderson Kirstie N 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are often required for acute inpatient pain relief but lack of knowledge about common and less common long-term side effects can lead to inappropriate discharge prescribing. There are few validated educational tools available for junior prescribers on hospital wards. Education around opioid prescribing and deprescribing remains limited in the undergraduate curriculum and yet almost all controlled drug prescribing in hospitals is done by junior doctors.MethodsA 5-minute video was developed with iterative feedback from medical students, junior prescribers, pain specialists, primary care educational leads, and a patient who had developed opioid addiction after hospital prescribing. It explained the need for clear stop dates on discharge summaries and the range of opioid side effects. It also highlighted the hospital admission as an opportunity to reduce inappropriate high-dose opioids. A short knowledge-based quiz before and after viewing the video was used to evaluate the impact on and change in knowledge and confidence around opioid prescribing. This tool was designed to be used entirely online to allow delivery within existing mandatory training.ResultsFeedback was positive and showed that knowledge of side effects significantly increased but also contacts with ward pharmacists and the acute pain team increased. Junior doctors highlighted that the undergraduate curriculum did little to prepare them for prescription addiction and that pharmacy and senior support was needed to support any changes in longer-term, high-dose opioids.ConclusionsThis short educational video improved knowledge of safe opioid prescribing and could be incorporated within wider opioid education in UK healthcare.
CE: Caring for Patients After Ileostomy Surgery
Authors: McCartney Teresa , Markwell Ashley , Rauch-Pucher Mackenzie , Cox-Reber Jessica 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT:
After ileostomy surgery, patients require nutrition and hydration modifications to maintain electrolyte balances and prevent postoperative complications. In addition to becoming dehydrated, patients who have ileostomies can develop obstructions if care isn't taken to avoid certain kinds of foods. Moreover, changes to medications may be needed to manage ileostomy output or account for altered absorption. This article provides information on postoperative hydration, medication, and nutritional management to nurses caring for patients after ileostomy surgery.
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris After Moderna COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Yi A. , Dai Julia , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Aung Phyu P. , Prieto Victor G. , Cho Woo Cheal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:To date, over 60% of the world's population has received at least 1 dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, with over 12 billion doses administered globally. Commonly reported adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination include fever, headache, myalgia, and injection site reactions. The spectrum of documented cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccination is broad; however, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) or PRP-like eruption secondary to COVID-19 vaccine is exceedingly rare, with only 17 cases previously reported to date in the English literature. In this article, we describe an additional case of COVID-19 vaccination-associated PRP in a 50-year-old woman with a history of metastatic breast carcinoma, who developed a widespread cutaneous eruption characteristic of PRP, including palmoplantar keratoderma, 10 days after her third dose of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. Punch biopsy specimen showed epidermal hyperplasia with overlying hyperkeratosis, alternating orthokeratosis and parakeratosis and focal follicular plugging, supporting the diagnosis of PRP. The patient improved within weeks of initiating oral acitretin and topical steroids, with resolution achieved after 3 months of continued therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of Moderna COVID-19 vaccination-associated PRP and collectively the 18thafter the administration of all COVID-19 vaccines currently available, including Pfizer–BioNTech, and AstraZeneca.
Kappa opioid receptor agonists produce sexually dimorphic and prolactin-dependent hyperalgesic priming
Authors: Kopruszinski Caroline M. , Watanabe Moe , Martinez Ashley L. , de Souza Luiz Henrique Moreira , Dodick David W. , Moutal Aubin , Neugebauer Volker , Porreca Frank , Navratilova Edita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Repeated stress produces hyperalgesic priming in preclinical models, but underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. As stress engages kappa opioid receptors (KORs), we hypothesized that repeated administration of KOR agonists might mimic, in part, stress-induced hyperalgesic priming. The potential contribution of circulating prolactin (PRL) and dysregulation of the expression of PRL receptor (PRLR) isoforms in sensory neurons after KOR agonist administration was also investigated. Mice received 3 daily doses of U-69593 or nalfurafine as a “first-hit” stimulus followed by assessment of periorbital tactile allodynia. Sixteen days after the first KOR agonist administration, animals received a subthreshold dose of inhalational umbellulone, a TRPA1 agonist, as the second-hit stimulus and periorbital allodynia was assessed. Cabergoline, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, was used to inhibit circulating PRL in additional cohorts. Prolactin receptor isoforms were quantified in the V1 region of the trigeminal ganglion after repeated doses of U-69593. In both sexes, KOR agonists increased circulating PRL and produced allodynia that resolved within 14 days. Hyperalgesic priming, revealed by umbellulone-induced allodynia in animals previously treated with the KOR agonists, also occurred in both sexes. However, repeated U-69593 downregulated the PRLR long isoform in trigeminal neurons only in female mice. Umbellulone-induced allodynia was prevented by cabergoline co-treatment during priming with KOR agonists in female, but not male, mice. Hyperalgesic priming therefore occurs in both sexes after either biased or nonbiased KOR agonists. However, a PRL/PRLR-dependence is observed only in female nociceptors possibly contributing to pain in stress-related pain disorders in females.
Nursing Assistant Staffing Model: Implementation and Outcome Evaluation in Taiwan Hospitals
Authors: YANG Pei-Hsuan , CHEN Yao-Mei , WU Li-Chuan , CHEN Mei-Hsing , HSIEH Hsiu-Fen 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
A key policy of the Taiwan healthcare system is promoting the hiring of nursing assistants (NAs) to reduce the workload of nurses. However, few studies in the literature have compared the relative effectiveness of different nurse staffing policies, and no studies have addressed the impact of the NA staffing (NAS) model.

Purpose
This study explored the current status of the NAS model as implemented in Taiwan hospitals and to investigate the methods used to evaluate the outcomes of NAS model implementation.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was performed in hospitals nationwide from June 1 to December 31, 2018. There were 153 government-accredited hospitals being invited to participate in the survey.

Results
Of the 139 hospitals that completed the online survey, 26% (36 hospitals) had implemented the NAS model. Many of the hospitals had hired full-time, certified NAs. Most of the tasks assigned to NAs were in the nonprofessional/general and technical work categories. In addition, medical wards were the most frequently assigned workplace, especially on day shifts. Few of the surveyed hospitals had evaluated the effectiveness of the NAS model. Improvement after implementation of the NAS model (based on the 35 outcome indicators) was found to vary significantly. The most commonly used outcome indicator was patient satisfaction. All the stakeholders, including patients, family caregivers, nurses, and nurse supervisors, supported implementation of the NAS model. However, some of the participants expressed concerns regarding the difficulties involved with model implementation.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
Although the NAS model may be beneficial, further empirical research is necessary to confirm the contributions of NAs. Additional evidence regarding the benefits of the NAS model for hospital performance and patient outcomes may be expected to motivate more hospital administrators to adopt this model.
Delivery of Dexamethasone to the Round Window Niche by Saturated Gelatin Sponge for Refractory Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lei Xia , Yin Xiao , Hu Lin , Du Xiaodong , Sun Changling 
Published: January 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing outcome of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) delivery to the round window niche by saturated gelatin sponge for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Patients
Twenty patients with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss with an improvement of pure-tone average (PTA) less than 10 dB after primary systemic treatment with steroids.

Intervention(s)
Delivery of DSP to the round window niche via saturated sponge gelatin for 2 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Pure-tone audiometry was taken at the beginning and 4 to 8 weeks after the end of the salvage treatment.

Results
PTA thresholds were improved at least 10 dB in 11 of 20 patients (55%) by a mean value of 11.9 dB. The hearing threshold at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz were improved after salvage treatment, but there was no significant change at 4000 Hz. The PTAs also recovered after the salvage treatment.

Conclusions
Delivery of DSP to the round window niche via saturated gelatin sponge is a simple and feasible way to treat refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss with a risk of permanent tympanic membrane perforation.
Effect of a Global Pandemic on Adult and Pediatric Cochlear Implantation across the United States
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Lohse Christine M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Neff Brian A. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: January 2023

Objective
To characterize the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on national cochlear implantation utilization by age using inclusive cochlear implantation data from two manufacturers between 2015 and 2020.

Study Design
Analysis of prospectively registered consecutive patient data from two major cochlear implant (CI) manufacturers in the United States.

Patients
Children or adults who received CIs.

Interventions
Cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures
Annual implantation utilization by age.

Results
A total of 46,804 patients received CIs from the two participating manufacturers between 2015 and 2020. The annual number of implant recipients increased significantly during the first 5 years of the study period for both children and adults, from a total of 6,203 in 2015 to 9,213 in 2019 (p < 0.001). During 2020, there was a 13.1% drop in national cochlear implantation utilization across all ages compared with 2019, including a drop of 2.2% for those ≤3 years old, 3.8% for those 4–17 years old, 10.1% for those 18–64 years old, 16.6% for those 65–79 years old, and 22.5% for those ≥80 years old. In a multivariable linear regression model, the percent drop in CIs differed significantly by age-group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions
Especially in light of the prepandemic projected CI counts for 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reduced national cochlear implantation utilization by over 15% among Medicare-aged patients and by almost 25% among those ≥80 years old, resulting in more than a 3-year setback in total annual CIs. Children were less affected, with those ≤3 years old experiencing minimal interruption during 2020.
Effects of Variants of Concern Mutations on the Force-Stability of the SARS-CoV-2:ACE2 Interface and Virus Transmissibility
Authors: Bauer Magnus S. , Gruber Sophia , Hausch Adina , Melo Marcelo C.R. , Gomes Priscila S.F.C. , Nicolaus Thomas , Milles Lukas F. , Gaub Hermann E. , Bernardi Rafael C. , Lipfert Jan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTViruses mutate under a variety of selection pressures, allowing them to continuously adapt to their hosts. Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 have shown effective evasion of population immunity and increased affinity to host factors, in particular to the cellular receptor ACE2. However, in the dynamic environment of the respiratory tract forces act on the binding partners, which raises the question whether not only affinity, but also force-stability of the SARS-CoV-2:ACE2 bond, might be a selection factor for mutations. Here, we use magnetic tweezers (MT) to study the effect of amino acid substitutions in variants of concern (VOCs) on RBD:ACE2 bond kinetics with and without external load. We find higher affinity for all VOCs compared to wt, in good agreement with previous affinity measurements in bulk. In contrast, Alpha is the only VOC that shows significantly higher force stability compared to wt. Investigating the RBD:ACE2 interactions with molecular dynamics simulations, we are able to rationalize the mechanistic molecular origins of this increase in force-stability. Our study emphasizes the diversity of contributions to the assertiveness of variants and establishes force-stability as one of several factors for fitness. Understanding fitness-advantages opens the possibility for prediction of likely mutations allowing rapid adjustment of therapeutics, vaccination, and intervention measures.