bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The politics of police accountability: Police expulsions in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Flom Hernán 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolice accountability has long been deemed an essential component of democratizing reform. Reformist administrations in Latin America and other developing regions have consequently created oversight agencies to monitor police misconduct. However, the literature has not yet explored how these institutions operate and the politics that undergird them. This paper examines how police accountability institutions work in developing democracies. I focus on the police of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, using an untapped database of more than 6400 expelled police officers. I find that the extent to which reformist ministers expel police officers and thus exercise greater control of the police peaks during their first year in office. Contrarily, it is not bolstered by mid‐term electoral victories or factors such as scandals or violent crimes. The paper extends our knowledge of the politics of police accountability in developing democracies, outlining the incentives and obstacles for politicians to control the police.
The activation of gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor axis via sonic hedgehog signaling promotes the bridging of gapped nerves in sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Guan Tuchen , Guo Beibei , Zhang Wenxue , Qi Mengwei , Luo Xiaoqian , Li Zhen , Zhang Yufang , Bao Tiancheng , Xu Man , Liu Mei , Liu Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSchwann cells play an essential role in peripheral nerve regeneration by generating a favorable microenvironment. Gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor (GIP/GIPR) axis deficiency leads to failure of sciatic nerve repair. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we surprisingly found that GIP treatment significantly enhances the migration of Schwann cells and the formation of Schwann cell cords during recovery from sciatic nerve injury in rats. We further revealed that GIP and GIPR levels in Schwann cells were low under normal conditions, and significantly increased after injury demonstrated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot. Wound healing and Transwell assays showed that GIP stimulation and GIPR silencing could affect Schwann cell migration. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies based on interference experiment revealed that GIP/GIPR might promote mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) activity, thus facilitating cell migration; Rap1 activation might be involved in this process. Finally, we retrieved the stimulatory factors responsible for GIPR induction after injury. The results indicate that sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a potential candidate whose expression increased upon injury. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Gli3, the target transcription factor of the SHH pathway, dramatically augmented GIPR expression. Additionally, in vivo inhibition of SHH could effectively reduce GIPR expression after sciatic nerve injury. Collectively, our study reveals the importance of GIP/GIPR signaling in Schwann cell migration, providing a therapeutic avenue toward peripheral nerve injury.image
Good death disrupted: Nurses' moral emotions navigating clinical and public health ethics during the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mowat Rebecca , Cook Catherine , Chapman Marie K. , Roskruge Matt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the moral emotions that frontline nurses navigated in endeavouring to ensure a ‘good death’ for hospital patients and care home residents during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundUnder normal circumstances, frontline staff are focused on clinical ethics, which foreground what is best for individuals and families. Public health crises such as a pandemic require staff to adapt rapidly to focus on what benefits communities, at times compromising individual well‐being and autonomy. Visitor restrictions when people were dying provided vivid exemplars of this ethical shift and the moral emotions nurses encountered with the requirement to implement this change.MethodsTwenty‐nine interviews were conducted with nurses in direct clinical care roles. Data were analysed thematically informed by the theoretical concepts of a good death and moral emotions.ResultsThe data set highlighted that moral emotions such as sympathy, empathy, distress and guilt were integral to the decisions participants described in striving for a good palliative experience. Four themes were identified in the data analysis: nurses as gatekeepers; ethical tensions and rule bending; nurses as proxy family members; separation and sacrifice.ConclusionsParticipants reflected on morally compromising situations and highlighted agency through emotionally satisfying workarounds and collegial deliberations that enabled them to believe that they were party to painful but morally justifiable decisions.Implications for the profession and patient careNurses are required to implement national policy changes that may disrupt notions of best practice and therefore be experienced as a moral wrong. In navigating the moral emotions accompanying this shift, nurses benefit from compassionate leadership and ethics education to support team cohesion enabling nurses to prevail.Public contributionTwenty‐nine frontline registered nurses participated in the qualitative interviews that inform this study.Reporting methodThe study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.
“Just old age” – a qualitative investigation of owner and veterinary professional experiences of and attitudes to ageing in dogs in the UK
Authors: Wallis L. J. , Radford A. D. , Belshaw Z. , Jackson J. , Kubinyi E. , German A. J. , Westgarth C. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesMany UK dogs live into old age, but owners may not recognise or report age‐associated signs of disease which lead to negative welfare. This study investigated dog owner and veterinary professional experiences and attitudes towards ageing in dogs, how health care is offered, barriers to its delivery, and some best‐practice solutions.Materials and MethodsIn‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 owners of 21 dogs (aged 8 to 17 years mean: 13) and 11 veterinary professional (eight veterinary surgeons, two nurses and one physiotherapist). Open‐text responses from 61 dog owners were collected using an online survey. Transcripts and survey responses were inductively coded into themes.ResultsFour themes were constructed: “just old age”, barriers to care, trust in veterinary surgeons, and tools to improve health care. Age‐related changes were mostly perceived as “just old age” by dog owners. Many dogs were no longer vaccinated and did not attend check‐ups unless owners identified a problem. The greatest barriers to health care were finances (dog owners), owner awareness, willingness to act and consultation time (veterinary professionals). Trust in veterinary professionals was more likely when dog owner experienced continuity, prioritisation of care, clear communication and an accessible, knowledgeable and empathic veterinary professional. Participants suggested that senior health care and communication between dog owners and veterinary professionals could be improved through questionnaires, and evidence‐based online information.Clinical SignificanceOpportunities to educate owners on which clinical signs represent healthy or pathological ageing are being missed. Resources should be developed to guide on best‐practice discussions in consultations, encourage more owners to recognise clinical signs and to seek and trust veterinary advice.
Loss‐of‐function of gynoecium‐expressed phospholipase pPLAIIγ triggers maternal haploid induction in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jang Jin Hoon , Seo Hae Seong , Widiez Thomas , Lee Ok Ran 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Production of in planta haploid embryos that inherit chromosomes from only one parent can greatly increase breeding efficiency via quickly generating homozygous plants, called doubled haploid. One of the main players of in planta haploid induction is a pollen‐specific phospholipase A, which is able, when mutated, to induce in vivo haploid induction in numerous monocots. However, no functional orthologous gene has been identified in dicots plants.
Here, we show that loss‐of‐function of gynoecium‐expressed phospholipase AII (pPLAIIγ) triggers maternal haploid plants in Arabidopsis, at an average rate of 1.07%. Reciprocal crosses demonstrate that haploid plants are triggered from the female side and not from the pollen, and the haploid plants carry the maternal genome.
Promoter activity of pPLAIIγ shows enriched expression in the funiculus of flower development stages 13 and 18, and pPLAIIγ fused to yellow fluorescent protein reveals a plasma‐membrane localization
Interestingly, the polar localized PIN1 at the basal plasma membrane of the funiculus was all internalized in pplaIIγ mutants, suggesting that altered PIN1 localization in female organ could play a role in maternal haploid induction.
The impact of government form on resource allocation in local government, evidence from municipal court closures
Authors: Mughan Siân , Overstreet Dallin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferences in managerial expertise and political incentives associated with local government form may affect local government spending levels as well as the allocation of resources. This paper explores the latter possibility by estimating how the distribution of resources in council‐manager and mayor‐council municipalities responds to a positive fiscal shock resulting from the abolition of a municipality's court. We find that court abolition has a distinct effect on the allocation of resources in council‐manager and mayor‐council governments. As expected, mayor‐council municipalities allocate the marginal dollar to policing. However, council‐manager municipalities react to court closure by reducing police expenditures over the long‐term.
Effects of warming on seed germination of woody species in temperate secondary forests
Authors: Yuan J. , Yan Q. , Xie J. , Wang J. , Zhang T. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Seed germination, a critical stage of the plant life cycle providing a link between seeds and seedlings, is commonly temperature‐dependent. The global average surface temperature is expected to rise, but little is known about the responses of seed germination of woody plants in temperate forests to warming.

In the present study, dried seeds of 23 common woody species in temperate secondary forests were incubated at three temperature sequences without cold stratification and after experiencing cold stratification. We calculated five seed germination indices and the comprehensive membership function value that summarized the above indicators.

Compared to the control, +2 and +4 °C treatments without cold stratification shortened germination time by 14% and 16% and increased the germination index by 17% and 26%, respectively. For stratified seeds, +4 °C treatment increased germination percentage by 49%, and +4 and +2 °C treatments increased duration of germination and the germination index, and shortened mean germination time by 69%, 458%, 29% and 68%, 110%, 12%, respectively. The germination of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Larix kaempferi were most sensitive to warming without and with cold stratification, respectively. Seed germination of shrubs was the least sensitive to warming among functional types.

These findings indicate warming (especially extreme warming) will enhance the seedling recruitment of temperate woody species, primarily via shortening the germination time, particularly for seeds that have undergone cold stratification. In addition, shrubs might narrow their distribution range
Designing professional services: Pricing and prioritization
Authors: Wu Chenguang (Allen) , Jin Chen , Veeraraghavan Senthil 
Published: March 2023

We study the optimal design of a professional service in a mixed market of customers with heterogeneous skills and capabilities of using such service. Expert customers can avail of the service on their own, whereas amateur customers find it challenging to deploy the service and can only procure the service through an intermediary who resolves the technical issues. We develop a model that captures the essential trade‐offs in such settings: heterogeneity in customer expertise, decentralization between a service provider and intermediary, and congestion due to limited capacity. We analyze how customer expertise differences drive the equilibrium outcomes under various pricing and priority schemes. We find that a sufficient base of amateur customers allows expert customers to “free‐ride” under single pricing. Price discrimination can fully allay such free‐riding, but it may drive prices downward. Price discrimination also favors expert customers under the First‐Come‐First‐Served (FCFS) policy, but such preference is generally reversed under prioritization. Specifically, prioritizing amateur customers can bring revenue and welfare gains relative to the FCFS policy and a policy that prioritizes expert customers. Our results offer normative guidelines for managing professional services, clarifying regimes for price and priority discrimination, along with revenue and welfare implications.
A Petrovich Inside of Every New Russian: The Disciplinary Regime of the Capitalist “Vanguard Group” at 1990s Kommersant
Authors: Khazanov Pavel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince 1989, Russia’s “first business newspaper,” Kommersant, worked to cultivate a new kind of collective post‐socialist subject, a “vanguard group” of “New Russians.” How did Kommersant imagine this subject? Who were its antagonists and why, and how would the New Russian triumph over them? This article examines the 1992–93 issues of Kommersant Daily, its glossy monthly supplement Domovoi, and Kommersant’s recurring cartoon character of the post‐Soviet everyman “Petrovich,” drawn by Andrei Bil'zho. Through these examples, I show how the Kommersant team convinced its audience to feel elite superiority over other newly rich Russians, and to feel having morally overcome the brutish egalitarian past shared by the “vanguard class” with its former late Soviet peers among the educated, urbanized masses. I argue that both objectives were achieved through didactic, disciplinary means, integrated both into the messaging of Kommersant and into its style and editorial policies. Moreover, by analyzing Bil'zho’s Petrovich, I conclude that playful, ironic “reflective nostalgia” (Svetlana Boym’s term) vis‐à‐vis the Soviet past was one such disciplinary tool which helped convince New Russians to maintain power at all costs, and thereby prevent the bloody return of neo‐Soviet socialism, which their Petrovich‐like neighbors supposedly desired.
Learning disability in adolescence and civic engagement in young adulthood: Uncovering social‐psychological mechanisms
Authors: Rim Hyunseo , Kim Jinho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether learning disability (LD) in adolescence is associated with civic engagement in young adulthood. A comprehensive set of social‐psychological mechanisms was examined.MethodsUsing a nationally representative longitudinal data set from the United States (N = 9909), this study employed school fixed effect models to take into account unobserved school‐ and neighborhood‐level confounding factors. Sobel tests were conducted to formally test for mediation.ResultsStudents with LD were less likely to volunteer and vote in young adulthood than their peers without LD. These associations remained statistically significant at conventional levels (b = −0.037 for volunteering and b = −0.028 for voting) even after adjusting for educational attainment. Sobel mediation tests suggested that part of the association was mediated by disruption of peer relationships (8.3 percent for volunteering and 15.5 percent for voting) and school detachment (7.6 percent for volunteering and 7.4 percent for voting). In contrast, neither teacher relationships nor neighborhood attachments mediated the observed association.ConclusionLD in adolescence was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of volunteering and voting in young adulthood. Given the mediating role of peer relationships and school attachment, policymakers and practitioners may consider developing school‐based programs to promote adolescents’ school integration.
Universities and Metropolitan Strategic Planning: The Case of Sydney, Australia
Authors: Ruming Kristian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUniversities are increasingly identified by planning authorities as catalysts for urban change. At a local scale, planning policy often positions the development of university sites as a way to reconfigure the social, economic, and built characteristics of an area. At a city‐wide scale, the development activities of universities emerge as central to wider metropolitan strategic ambitions. This is especially the case in cities, such as Sydney, Australia, where multiple universities are dispersed across the city. Increasingly universities have been identified in strategic planning policy as vital infrastructure able to influence the structure and function of the city. This paper reviews recent strategic planning processes in Sydney. Specifically, the paper reveals how universities emerge as central in pursuing global city status and economic performance, supporting existing centres and corridors, establishing new specialised centres and shaping a new urban spatial structure.
Combining rational maps and Kleinian groups via orbit equivalence
Authors: Mj Mahan , Mukherjee Sabyasachi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe develop a new orbit equivalence framework for holomorphically mating the dynamics of complex polynomials with that of Kleinian surface groups. We show that the only torsion‐free Fuchsian groups that can be thus mated are punctured sphere groups. We describe a new class of maps that are orbit equivalent to Fuchsian punctured sphere groups. We call these higher Bowen–Series maps. The existence of this class ensures that the Teichmüller space of matings has one component corresponding to Bowen–Series maps and one corresponding to higher Bowen–Series maps. We also show that, unlike in higher dimensions, topological orbit equivalence rigidity fails for Fuchsian groups acting on the circle. We also classify the collection of Kleinian Bers boundary groups that are mateable in our framework.
Lumbar radiculopathy secondary to primary spinal dural diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Brooks Christopher Alan , Kehoe John David , Kerr Neal , Ziad Fouzia , Raunio Sami 
Published: March 2023

Lymphoma of a dural genesis is a distinct variant of primary central nervous system lymphoma and is rare. It putatively has a more benign clinical course. Cranial primary dural lymphoma is more often marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, whereas spinal primary dural lymphoma is most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.We report a male patient who presented with subacute progressive radiculopathy due to a compressive infiltrative lumbosacral spinal lesion. This was determined to be primary dural diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The radiology, therapeutic considerations and differentiating biological characteristics of primary dural lymphoma, differ from other primary central nervous system lymphomas.Primary dural lymphoma is under-represented in the medical literature. It has unique clinical characteristics. The optimal treatment algorithm remains undefined, but there is some evidence suggesting a benefit of surgical cytoreductive therapy in the first instance, and low-dose radiotherapy may be an effective adjuvant therapy in addition to chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents.
Service delivery models that promote linkages to PrEP for adolescent girls and young women and men in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Ramraj Trisha , Chirinda Witness , Jonas Kim , Govindasamy Darshini , Jama Ngcwalisa , McClinton Appollis Tracy , Zani Babalwa , Mukumbang Ferdinand C , Basera Wisdom , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Turawa Eunice B , Mathews Catherine , Nicol Edward 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an emerging biomedical prevention intervention. Documenting PrEP service delivery models (SDMs) that promote linkage to and continuation of PrEP will inform guidelines and maximise roll-out.ObjectivesTo synthesise and appraise the effectiveness and feasibility of PrEP SDMs designed to promote linkage to PrEP care among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Eligibility criteriaPrimary quantitative and qualitative studies published in English and conducted in SSA were included. No restrictions on the date of publication were applied.Sources of evidenceMethodology outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers’ manual was followed. PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science and online-conference abstract archives were searched.Charting methodsData on article, population, intervention characteristics and key outcomes was charted in REDCap.Results and conclusionOf the 1204 identified records, 37 (met the inclusion criteria. Health facility-based integrated models of PrEP delivery with family planning, maternal and child health or sexual and reproductive services to AGYW resulted in PrEP initiation of 16%–90%. Community-based drop-in centres (66%) was the preferred PrEP outlet for AGYW compared with public clinics (25%) and private clinics (9%). Most men preferred community-based delivery models. Among individuals who initiated PrEP, 50% were men, 62% were <35 years old and 97% were tested at health fairs compared with home testing. Integrated antiretroviral therapy (ART)-PrEP delivery was favoured among serodiscordant couples with 82.9% of couples using PrEP or ART with no HIV seroconversions. PrEP initiation within healthcare facilities was increased by perceived client-friendly services and non-judgemental healthcare workers. Barriers to PrEP initiation included distance to travel to and time spent at health facilities and perceived community stigma. PrEP SDMs for AGYW and men need to be tailored to the needs and preferences for each group. Programme implementers should promote community-based SDMs to increase PrEP initiation among AGYW and men.