bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photography and Image Acquisition in Dermatology a Scoping Review: Techniques for High-Quality Photography
Authors: Kashetsky Nadia , Mar Kristie , Liu Chaocheng , Rivers Jason K. , Mukovozov Ilya 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Clinical photography is essential in dermatology, in particular in the areas of surgical and cosmetic dermatology and has been evolving rapidly. However, many dermatologists desire more training in clinical photography and a comprehensive literature review of photography in dermatology is lacking.

OBJECTIVE
This scoping review aimed to summarize the literature regarding techniques for high-quality photography in dermatology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Evidence-Based Medicine databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

RESULTS
This review summarizes information from 74 studies. Camera type, resolution, lens choice, camera settings, environment and set-up, standardization, and types of clinical photography are all important factors in acquisition of high-quality photography.

CONCLUSION
Photography in dermatology is continuously evolving with broader applications. Improved practices and innovations will benefit the quality of images.
Intradermal Delivery of Alopecia Therapeutics: Current State and Future Prospects
Authors: Alhanshali Lina , Buontempo Michael , Majerson Daniela , Shapiro Jerry , Lo Sicco Kristen 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Mesotherapy, a technique of transdermal microinjections of specific preparations, is increasingly used in fields such as dermatology and specifically for alopecia treatment. Its popularity stems from its ability to deliver drugs in a targeted manner while minimizing systemic side effects.

OBJECTIVE
To assess and review current knowledge regarding the use of mesotherapy to deliver alopecia medications and highlight future directions for research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors used research databases including PubMed and Google Scholar to identify current literature on mesotherapy and alopecia. The following search terms were used among other terms: “Mesotherapy” or “Intradermal” AND “Alopecia”.

RESULTS
Recent studies are promising for the intradermal delivery of dutasteride and minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

CONCLUSION
Although limitations exist with dutasteride and minoxidil therapies, further research regarding the preparation, delivery, and maintenance of these drugs is warranted as mesotherapy could establish this technique as a safe, effective, and viable treatment option for androgenetic alopecia.
Update on antiadhesion barriers and therapeutics in gynecological surgery
Authors: Dawodu Olanrewaju , Baxter Briana , Kim Jin Hee 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Postoperative adhesions remain a clinical challenge to both patients and providers, as they are associated with significant complications and a high economic burden. This article provides a clinical review of currently available antiadhesive agents and promising new therapies that have advanced past animal studies.

Recent findings
Several agents have been investigated on their ability to reduce adhesion formation; however, there is no widely acceptable option. The few available interventions are barrier agents and while low-quality evidence suggests that they may be more effective than no treatment, there is no general agreement on their overall efficacy. There is an abundance of research on new solutions; however, their clinical efficacy is yet to be determined.

Summary
Although a wide range of therapeutics have been investigated, majority are halted in animal models with only a select few being studied in humans and ultimately available in the market. Many agents have shown effectiveness in reducing adhesion formation, however, that has not been translated to improvement in clinically relevant outcomes; hence the need for high-quality large randomized trials.
An update and review of nontubal ectopic pregnancy management
Authors: Kostroun Katherine , Go Virginia-Arlene , Robinson Randal D. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Nontubal ectopic pregnancies appear to be increasing in prevalence. Increasingly, minimally invasive methods for management are being utilized. A current literature review and recommendations for management of nontubal ectopic pregnancy is presented in this review.

Recent findings
Nontubal ectopic pregnancies are less common than tubal ectopic pregnancies but present a unique and significant threat to patient's health and are optimally managed by specialists familiar with the condition. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment and close follow-up to resolution are critical. Recent publications focus on fertility-sparing and conservative management through the use of medications both systemic and local; as well as minimally invasive surgical techniques. The Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine recommends against expectant management of cesarean scar pregnancies; however, optimal treatment is unknown and this holds true for management of other nontubal ectopic pregnancies.

Summary
Minimally invasive and fertility sparing management should be the mainstay in treatment of stable patients with nontubal ectopic pregnancy.
Skeletal muscle relaxants for the treatment of myofascial pelvic pain and high tone pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Flatow Virginia , Uy-Kroh Jean , Carey Erin T. , Ascher-Walsh Charles , Khalil Susan 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Chronic pelvic main is a complex process that includes many causes. In gynecology, the treatment of myofascial pelvic pain and high tone pelvic floor disorders can be managed with skeletal muscle relaxants for select clinical indications. A review of skeletal muscle relaxants will be included for gynecologic indications.

Recent findings
There are limited studies on vaginal skeletal muscle relaxants, but there can be oral forms used for chronic myofascial pelvic pain. They function as antispastic, antispasmodic, and combination of the two modes of action. Diazepam is the most studied for myofascial pelvic pain in both oral and vaginal formulations. Its use can be combined with multimodal management to optimize outcomes. Other medications have limitations due to dependency and limited studies that demonstrate improvement in pain scales.

Summary
Skeletal muscle relaxants have limited high quality studies for chronic myofascial pelvic pain. Their use can be combined with multimodal options to improve clinical outcomes. Additional studies are needed for vaginal preparations and evaluation of safety and clinical efficacy for patient reported outcomes measures in patients living with chronic myofascial pelvic pain.
Detection Capability of 89Sr and 90Sr Using Liquid Scintillation Counting
Authors: Blain Ezekiel , Nishikawa Kimi , Faye Sherry A. , Roselan Amy , Burn Adam G. , Torres Miguel A. , Semkow Thomas M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We developed a new method for simultaneous determination of 89Sr and 90Sr with an emphasis on detectability. The samples were digested, and Sr was chemically purified followed by a single count on a liquid scintillation counter in three windows overlapping the 90Sr, 89Sr, and 90Y peaks. Gamma spectrometry was used to measure 85Sr, added for chemical recovery. The method was tested on 18 water samples spiked at levels from 9 to 242 Bq of 89Sr and 90Sr, with either single radionuclides or their mixtures. In addition, eight method blanks were measured. The data were analyzed numerically by solving a system of linear equations for 89Sr and 90Sr activities as analytes and 90Y activity as a participating component. The total uncertainties of the results were calculated numerically using variances and covariances. The average bias from the known activities was −0.3% (range from −3.6 to 3.1%) for 90Sr and − 1.5% (range from −10.1 to 5.1%) for 89Sr. The En
-scores were within −1.0 and 1.0 at 95% confidence level. The detection capabilities of this method were determined by means of the decision threshold LC
and the limit of detection referred to as the minimum detectable activity. All relevant uncertainties were propagated into the LC
and minimum detectable activity. In addition, detection limits were calculated for the purpose of Safe Drinking Water Act monitoring. The detection capabilities were compared with the regulatory requirements in the US and EU for food and water. For samples spiked with either pure 89Sr or 90Sr, false positives were observed for the opposite radionuclide exceeding the above LC
values. This was attributed to interference by the spiked activity. A new method was developed to calculate decision and detectability curves in the presence of interference.
Understanding the Health and Well-being of Women With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Collins Jennifer , Babenko-Mould Yolanda , Jackson Kimberley T. , Smith-Carrier Tracy 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that affects the central nervous system, and is potentially disabling. Women experience MS more frequently than men at a 3:1 ratio. Current literature suggests that women may experience health, social determinants of health, and disability differentially, and there is a gap in the research examining how gender intersects with MS. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 23 women with MS. van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology was used to inform and analyze the data to understand the nature and meaning of health and well-being for participants. RESULTS: A key theme of “enhancing wholeness for women with MS” emerged from the data, which suggests that women with MS view themselves as healthy and “whole” despite living with MS. Supporting factors for physical, mental, and social well-being include the ability to enact human agency within social structures such as with employment or seeking care with MS clinics. The findings informed the development of a figure that depicts the supporting factors of health and well-being for women living with MS. CONCLUSION: The health and well-being of women with MS may be optimally supported by nurses and interdisciplinary healthcare teams through careful consideration as to how agency is enacted within social structures, for example, MS clinics, employment, and social support systems, as well as considerations for social determinants of health.
Shoulder Check: Investigating Shoulder Injury Rates, Types, Severity, Mechanisms, and Risk Factors in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey
Authors: Gibson Eric S. , Eliason Paul H. , West Stephen W. , Black Amanda M. , Lebrun Constance , Emery Carolyn A. , Pasanen Kati 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To describe shoulder-related injury rates (IRs), types, severity, mechanisms, and risk factors in youth ice hockey players during games and practices.

Design:
Secondary analysis of data from a 5-year prospective cohort study, Safe-to-Play (2013-2018).

Setting:
Canadian youth ice hockey.

Participants:
Overall, 6584 player-seasons (representing 4417 individual players) participated. During this period, 118 shoulder-related games and 12 practice injuries were reported.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
An exploratory multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression model examined the risk factors of body checking policy, weight, biological sex, history of injury in the past 12 months, and level of play.

Main Outcome Measures:
Injury surveillance data were collected from 2013 to 2018. Injury rates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using Poisson regression.

Results:
The shoulder IR was 0.35 injuries/1000 game-hours (95% CI, 0.24-0.49). Two-thirds of game injuries (n = 80, 70%) resulted in >8 days of time-loss, and more than one-third (n = 44, 39%) resulted in >28 days of time-loss. An 83% lower rate of shoulder injury was associated with policy prohibiting body checking compared with leagues allowing body checking (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-0.33). A higher shoulder IR was observed for those who reported any injury in the last 12-months compared with those with no history (IRR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.33-3.01).

Conclusions:
Most shoulder injuries resulted in more than 1 week of time-loss. Risk factors for shoulder injury included participation in a body-checking league and recent history of injury. Further study of prevention strategies specific to the shoulder may merit further consideration in ice hockey.
De-escalation Techniques for the Agitated Pediatric Patient
Authors: Georgadarellis Alexandria G. , Baum Carl R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe emergency department can be a particularly challenging environment for the care of pediatric patients presenting with acute agitation. Agitation is a behavioral emergency requiring prompt intervention. Timely recognition of agitation and proactive implementation of de-escalation strategies are critical for safe and effective management of agitation, as well as prevention of recurrent episodes. This article reviews the definition of agitation, explores the domains of verbal de-escalation, and considers multidisciplinary management strategies for children with acute agitation.
Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Angiography Facilitates Flap Fenestration and Facial Organ Fabrication in Total Facial Restoration
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Haizhou , Gu Shuchen , Gao Yashan , Khoong Yimin , Liu Yunhan , Luo Shenying , Gu Bin , Li Qingfeng , Zan Tao 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Because of a lack of effective measures to visualize flap vasculature and perfusion, flap fenestration and facial organ fabrication cannot be performed effectively, preventing the transition from two-dimensional coverage to restoration of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of facial organs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in guiding flap fenestration and facial organ fabrication in total facial restoration.

Methods:
Ten patients with total facial scarring after burn injury were enrolled in the study. They were treated with preexpanded, prefabricated monoblock flaps for total face restoration. The openings of nostrils and oral and palpebral orifices, together with organ fabrication, were conducted under the guidance of intraoperative ICGA by hemodynamic evaluation of flap perfusion. Postoperative follow-up measures include vascular crisis, infection, flap necrosis, and aesthetic and functional recovery.

Results:
The opening of facial organ orifices was performed at the stage of flap transfer in nine patients. To avoid damaging the major nourishing vessels, the left palpebral orifice was opened 8 days after the flap transfer in one patient, as observed by ICGA. Based on ICGA evaluation, the decision to perform additional vascular anastomosis before flap fenestration was made in six patients. Hemodynamic analysis of flap perfusion after fenestration revealed no significant change. Follow-up showed satisfactory aesthetic recovery and well-restored 3D structures of facial organs.

Conclusion:
This pilot study demonstrates how intraoperative ICGA can enhance the safety of flap fenestration, thereby transforming full facial restoration from the two-dimensional to the 3D realm by facilitating facial organ fabrication.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Physical activity is associated with adiposity in older adults with HIV in the modern HIV era
Authors: Webel Allison R. , Davey Christine Horvat , Oliveira Vitor , Cleveland Dave , Crane Heidi M. , Gripshover Barbara M. , Long Dustin M. , Fleming Julia G. , Buford Thomas W. , Willig Amanda L. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:People with HIV (PWH) are aging and are experiencing higher rates of abdominal adiposity. Physical activity is an effective nonpharmacological strategy to reduce adiposity in the general aging population. Yet, the relationship between physical activity and adiposity in people with well controlled HIV is unclear. Our objective was to describe the association between objectively-measured physical activity and abdominal adiposity in PWH.Methods:As part of the multisite, observational PROSPER-HIV study, virologically suppressed, adult PWH wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7–10 days and completed duplicate waist and hip circumference measures. Demographic and medical characteristics were abstracted from the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems dataset. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data.Results:On average, our 419 PWH were 58 years of age [interquartile range (IQR): 50, 64], male (77%), Black (54%), and currently taking an integrase inhibitor (78%). PWH completed a mean of 7.06 (±2.74) days of total actigraphy wear time. They took an average of 4905 (3233, 7140) steps per day and engaged in 5.4 h of sedentary time per day. Controlling for age, sex, employment and integrase inhibitor use, the number of steps taken per day was associated with reduced abdominal adiposity (F = 3.27;P < 0.001) and the hours of daily sedentary time was associated with increased abdominal adiposity (F = 3.24;P < 0.001).Conclusions:Greater physical activity is associated with reduced abdominal adiposity in aging PWH. Future work should investigate how to tailor the amount, type and intensity of physical activity needed to reduce adiposity in PWH taking contemporary HIV medication.Registration number:NCT03790501.
Association of CD4 count and HIV viral load with risk of Non-AIDS-defining cancers
Authors: MA Yunqing , Zhang Jiajia , Yang Xueying , Chen Shujie , Weissman Sharon , Olatosi Bankole , Alberg Anthony , Li Xiaoming 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
HIV-induced immunodeficiency contributes to an increased risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). This study aims to identify the most predictive viral load (VL) or CD4 measures of NADC risk among people living with HIV (PLWH).

Design:
Extracted from South Carolina electronic HIV reporting system, we studied adult PLWH who were cancer-free at baseline and had at least 6 months of follow-up since HIV diagnosis between January 2005 and December 2020.

Methods:
Using multiple proportional hazards models, risk of NADC was investigated in relation to twelve measures of VL and CD4 at three different time intervals before NADC diagnosis. The best VL/CD4 predictor(s) and final model were determined using Akaike's information criterion.

Results:
Among 10,413 eligible PLWH, 449 (4.31%) developed at least one type of NADC. After adjusting for potential confounders, the best predictors of NADC were the proportion of days with viral suppression (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.47 (>25% and ≤50% vs =0), 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.28, 0.79]) and proportion of days with low CD4 count (AIC = 7201.35) (HR: 12.28 (>75% vs = 0), 95% CI: [9.29, 16.23]).

Conclusions:
VL and CD4 measures are strongly associated with risk of NADC. In analyses examining three time windows, proportion of days with low CD4 count was the best CD4 predictor for each time window. However, the best VL predictor varied across time windows. Thus, using the best combination of VL and CD4 measures for a specific time window should be considered when predicting NADC risk.
Postdoctoral National Institutes of Health F32 Grants
Authors: Narahari Adishesh K. , Chandrabhatla Anirudha S. , Fronk Emily , White Simon , Mandava Shreya , Jacobs-El Hannah , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Tribble Curtis G. , Roeser Mark , Kern John , Kron Irving L. , Schirmer Bruce 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
We examined trainees in surgery and internal medicine who received National Institutes of Health (NIH) F32 postdoctoral awards to determine their success rates in obtaining future NIH funding.

Summary Background Data:
Trainees participate in dedicated research years during residency (surgery) and fellowship (internal medicine). They can obtain an NIH F32 grant to fund their research time and have structured mentorship.

Methods:
We collected NIH F32 grants (1992-2021) for Surgery Departments and Internal Medicine Departments from NIH RePORTER, an online database of NIH grants. Non-surgeons and non-internal medicine physicians were excluded. We collected demographic information on each recipient including gender, current specialty, leadership positions, graduate degrees, and any future NIH grants they received. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables and a χ2 test was utilized to analyze categorical variables. An alpha value of 0.05 was used to determine significance.

Results:
We identified 269 surgeons and 735 internal medicine trainees who received F32 grants. A total of 48 surgeons (17.8%) and 339 internal medicine trainees (50.2%) received future NIH funding (P < 0.0001). Similarly, 24 surgeons (8.9%) and 145 internal medicine trainees (19.7%) received an R01 in the future (P < 0.0001). Surgeons who received F32 grants were more likely to be department chair or division chief (P =0.0055 and P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Surgery trainees who obtain NIH F32 grants during dedicated research years are less likely to receive any form of NIH funding in the future compared to their internal medicine colleagues who received F32 grants.
Recurrence after Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism in 517 Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1. An AFCE and GTE study (Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne and Groupe d’étude des Tumeurs Endocrines)
Authors: Santucci Nicolas , Ksiazek Elea , Pattou François , Baud Gregory , Mirallié Eric , Frey Samuel , Trésallet Christophe , Sébag Frédéric , Guérin Carole , Mathonnet Muriel , Christou Niki , Donatini Gianluca , Brunaud Laurent , Gaujoux Sébastien , Ménégaux Fabrice , Najah Haythem , Binquet Christine , Goudet Pierre , Lifante Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To assess recurrence according to the type of surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in MEN1 patients and to identify the risk factors for recurrence after initial surgery.

Summary Background Data:
In MEN 1 patients, pHPT is multiglandular and the optimal extent of initial parathyroid resection influences the risk of recurrence.

Methods:
MEN1 patients who underwent initial surgery for pHPT between 1990 and 2019 were included. Persistence and recurrence rates after less than subtotal (LTSP) and subtotal (STP) were analyzed. Patients with total parathyroidectomy (TP) with reimplantation were excluded.

Results:
517 patients underwent their first surgery for pHPT: 178 had LTSP (34.4%) and 339 STP (65.6%). The recurrence rate was significantly higher following LTSP (68.5%) than STP (45%) (P<0.001). The median time to recurrence after pHPT surgery was significantly shorter after LTSP than after STP: 4.25 (1.2-7.1) versus 7.2 (3.9-10.1) years (P<0.001). A mutation in exon 10 was an independent risk factor of recurrence after STP (Odds Ratio=2.19; 95% CI [1.31; 3.69] P=0.003). The five and ten-year recurrent pHPT probabilities were significantly higher in patients after LTSP with mutation in exon 10 (37% and 79% versus 30% and 61% P=0.016).

Conclusion:
Persistence, recurrence of pHPT and reoperation rate are significantly lower after STP than LTSP in MEN 1 patients. Genotype seems to be associated with recurrence of pHPT. A mutation in exon 10 is an independent risk factor for recurrence after STP and LTSP may not be recommended when exon 10 is mutated.