bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasible Resolution of Angular Displacement Measurement by an Optical Angle Sensor Based on Laser Autocollimation
Authors: Lim Hyunsung , Shimizu Yuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe feasible resolution of angular displacement measurement by an optical angle sensor based on laser autocollimation is investigated. Improving the sensor sensitivity while maintaining the noise level of the sensor signal as low as possible is necessary to achieve high-resolution angular displacement measurement. In this paper, the contribution of each component, such as a photodiode, a trans-impedance amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter in the optical angle sensor, to the noise level of the sensor signal is first estimated on the basis of theoretical equations. The feasible sensitivity of the optical angle sensor is also estimated in numerical calculations. The sensitivity of a photodiode element at the edge of its photosensitive area is evaluated in experiments to realize the estimation of the angle sensor sensitivity. Experimental results are applied to the numerical calculations. The influences of the measurement laser beam diameter, the spot diameter of the focused laser beam on the photosensitive area, and the focal length of the collimator objective of the optical angle sensor are also considered in the numerical calculations. Finally, a prototype optical setup is developed. Experiments are performed to demonstrate that a compact optical angle sensor based on laser autocollimation with a collimator objective having a focal length shorter than 100 mm can achieve a resolution beyond 0.001 arc-second with a bandwidth of 1 kHz. This resolution is better than those achieved by commercial autocollimators employing an image sensor or a position-sensitive detector. The industrial contribution of this paper lies in the detailed breakdown of noise components in the readout signal of an angle sensor in a practical condition and the systematic estimation of its feasible resolution as well as its sensitivity.
Interpretation of the North‐South Asymmetric Oxygen Aurora Morphology on Europa Using Test Particle Simulation
Authors: Satoh Shinnosuke , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Sakai Shotaro , Kasaba Yasumasa , Yasuda Rikuto , Kimura Tomoki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral observations using the Hubble Space Telescope reported that the brightness morphology of the oxygen OI] 135.6 nm emissions on Europa's atmosphere has a north‐south asymmetry which changes with the position of Europa with respect to the Jovian magnetospheric plasma sheet. Similar north‐south asymmetry of Io's auroral limb glow has been explained by higher electron flux into the atmosphere on the hemisphere that faces the plasma sheet center. This explanation, however, has not yet been evaluated for the case of Europa quantitatively. In this study, we used a test particle simulation for the Jovian magnetospheric electrons to estimate the brightness of the 135.6 nm aurora in Europa's atmosphere and evaluate the cause of the north‐south asymmetry with the previously suggested idea, in which the strong deceleration of the magnetospheric flux tube results in the inhomogeneous electron flux into Europa's atmosphere (the “slow‐down effect”). Our simulation successfully recreates the systematically changing north‐south asymmetry of Europa's oxygen aurora brightness using the “slow‐down effect.” With deceleration into 10% of the background plasma flow, the maximum north‐to‐south brightness ratio is estimated at 2.17 and 2.56 on the trailing (plasma‐upstream) and leading (downstream) side, respectively. However, the previously observed brightness ratio is larger on the trailing side (up to ∼5). The results indicate that additional model scenarios are required to fully explain the north‐south asymmetry of Europa's oxygen aurora morphology.
Bias in Flood Hazard Grid Aggregation
Authors: Bryant Seth , Kreibich Heidi , Merz Bruno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReducing flood risk through disaster planning and risk management requires accurate estimates of exposure, damage, casualties, and environmental impacts. Models can provide such information; however, computational or data constraints often lead to the construction of such models by aggregating high‐resolution flood hazard grids to a coarser resolution, the effect of which is poorly understood. Through the application of a novel spatial classification framework, we derive closed‐form solutions for the location (e.g., flood margins) and direction of bias from flood grid aggregation independent of any study region. These solutions show bias of some key metric will always be present in regions with marginal inundation; for example, inundation area will be positively biased when water depth grids are aggregated and volume will be negatively biased when water surface elevation grids are aggregated through averaging. In a separate computational analysis, we employ the same framework to a 2018 flood and successfully reproduce the findings of our study‐region‐independent derivation. Extending the investigation to the exposure of buildings, we find regions with marginal inundation are an order of magnitude more sensitive to aggregation errors, highlighting the importance of understanding such artifacts for flood risk modelers. Of the two aggregation routines considered, averaging water surface elevation grids better preserved flood depths at buildings than averaging of water depth grids. This work provides insight into, and recommendations for, aggregating grids used by flood risk models.
Pacific decadal oscillation causes fewer near-equatorial cyclones in the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Roose Shinto , Ajayamohan R. S. , Ray Pallav , Xie Shang-Ping , Sabeerali C. T. , Mohapatra M. , Taraphdar S. , Mohanakumar K. , Rajeevan M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones do not form easily near the equator but can intensify rapidly, leaving little time for preparation. We investigate the number of near-equatorial (originating between 5°N and 11°N) tropical cyclones over the north Indian Ocean during post-monsoon season (October to December) over the past 60 years. The study reveals a marked 43% decline in the number of such cyclones in recent decades (1981–2010) compared to earlier (1951–1980). Here, we show this decline in tropical cyclone frequency is primarily due to the weakened low-level vorticity modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and increased vertical wind shear. In the presence of low-latitude basin-wide warming and a favorable phase of the PDO, both the intensity and frequency of such cyclones are expected to increase. Such dramatic and unique changes in tropical cyclonic activity due to the interplay between natural variability and climate change call for appropriate planning and mitigation strategies.
Controlling the propagation asymmetry of hyperbolic shear polaritons in beta-gallium oxide
Authors: Matson Joseph , Wasserroth Sören , Ni Xiang , Obst Maximilian , Diaz-Granados Katja , Carini Giulia , Renzi Enrico Maria , Galiffi Emanuele , Folland Thomas G. , Eng Lukas M. , Michael Klopf J. , Mastel Stefan , Armster Sean , Gambin Vincent , Wolf Martin , Kehr Susanne C. , Alù Andrea , Paarmann Alexander , Caldwell Joshua D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructural anisotropy in crystals is crucial for controlling light propagation, particularly in the infrared spectral regime where optical frequencies overlap with crystalline lattice resonances, enabling light-matter coupled quasiparticles called phonon polaritons (PhPs). Exploring PhPs in anisotropic materials like hBN and MoO3 has led to advancements in light confinement and manipulation. In a recent study, PhPs in the monoclinic crystal β-Ga2O3 (bGO) were shown to exhibit strongly asymmetric propagation with a frequency dispersive optical axis. Here, using scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), we directly image the symmetry-broken propagation of hyperbolic shear polaritons in bGO. Further, we demonstrate the control and enhancement of shear-induced propagation asymmetry by varying the incident laser orientation and polariton momentum using different sizes of nano-antennas. Finally, we observe significant rotation of the hyperbola axis by changing the frequency of incident light. Our findings lay the groundwork for the widespread utilization and implementation of polaritons in low-symmetry crystals.
Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Nutma Erik , Fancy Nurun , Weinert Maria , Tsartsalis Stergios , Marzin Manuel C. , Muirhead Robert C. J. , Falk Irene , Breur Marjolein , de Bruin Joy , Hollaus David , Pieterman Robin , Anink Jasper , Story David , Chandran Siddharthan , Tang Jiabin , Trolese Maria C. , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Wiltshire Katharine H. , Beltran-Lobo Paula , Phillips Alexandra , Antel Jack , Healy Luke , Dorion Marie-France , Galloway Dylan A. , Benoit Rochelle Y. , Amossé Quentin , Ceyzériat Kelly , Badina Aurélien M. , Kövari Enikö , Bendotti Caterina , Aronica Eleonora , Radulescu Carola I. , Wong Jia Hui , Barron Anna M. , Smith Amy M. , Barnes Samuel J. , Hampton David W. , van der Valk Paul , Jacobson Steven , Howell Owain W. , Baker David , Kipp Markus , Kaddatz Hannes , Tournier Benjamin B. , Millet Philippe , Matthews Paul M. , Moore Craig S. , Amor Sandra , Owen David R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicroglial activation plays central roles in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is widely used for localising inflammation in vivo, but its quantitative interpretation remains uncertain. We show that TSPO expression increases in activated microglia in mouse brain disease models but does not change in a non-human primate disease model or in common neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory human diseases. We describe genetic divergence in the TSPO gene promoter, consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in TSPO expression in activated myeloid cells depends on the transcription factor AP1 and is unique to a subset of rodent species within theMuroideasuperfamily. Finally, we identify LCP2 and TFEC as potential markers of microglial activation in humans. These data emphasise that TSPO expression in human myeloid cells is related to different phenomena than in mice, and that TSPO-PET signals in humans reflect the density of inflammatory cells rather than activation state.
CircRREB1 mediates lipid metabolism related senescent phenotypes in chondrocytes through FASN post-translational modifications
Authors: Gong Zhe , Zhu Jinjin , Chen Junxin , Feng Fan , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Zheyuan , Song Chenxin , Liang Kaiyu , Yang Shuhui , Fan Shunwu , Fang Xiangqian , Shen Shuying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a prevalent age-related disease characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix metabolism, lipid metabolism, and upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. Herein, we clarify that CircRREB1 is highly expressed in secondary generation chondrocytes and its deficiency can alleviate FASN related senescent phenotypes and osteoarthritis progression. CircRREB1 impedes proteasome-mediated degradation of FASN by inhibiting acetylation-mediated ubiquitination. Meanwhile, CircRREB1 induces RanBP2-mediated SUMOylation of FASN and enhances its protein stability. CircRREB1-FASN axis inhibits FGF18 and FGFR3 mediated PI3K-AKT signal transduction, then increased p21 expression. Intra-articular injection of adenovirus–CircRreb1 reverses the protective effects in CircRreb1 deficiency mice. Further therapeutic interventions could have beneficial effects in identifying CircRREB1 as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for age-related OA.
Synthesis, structural analysis, and properties of highly twisted alkenes 13,13’-bis(dibenzo[a,i]fluorenylidene) and its derivatives
Authors: Kang Hao-Wen , Liu Yu-Chiao , Shao Wei-Kai , Wei Yu-Chen , Hsieh Chi-Tien , Chen Bo-Han , Lu Chih-Hsuan , Yang Shang-Da , Cheng Mu-Jeng , Chou Pi-Tai , Chiang Ming-Hsi , Wu Yao-Ting 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe rotation of a C = C bond in an alkene can be efficiently accelerated by creating the high-strain ground state and stabilizing the transition state of the process. Herein, the synthesis, structures, and properties of several highly twisted alkenes are comprehensively explored. A facile and practical synthetic approach to target molecules is developed. The twist angles and lengths of the central C = C bonds in these molecules are 36–58° and 1.40–1.43 Å, respectively, and confirmed by X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations. A quasi-planar molecular half with the π-extended substituents delivers a shallow rotational barrier (down to 2.35 kcal/mol), indicating that the rotation of the C = C bond is as facile as that of the aryl-aryl bond in 2-flourobiphenyl. Other versatile and unique properties of the studied compounds include a broad photoabsorption range (from 250 up to 1100 nm), a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap (1.26–1.68 eV), and a small singlet-triplet energy gap (3.65–5.68 kcal/mol).
Wide-range and area-selective threshold voltage tunability in ultrathin indium oxide transistors
Authors: Tseng Robert , Wang Sung-Tsun , Ahmed Tanveer , Pan Yi-Yu , Chen Shih-Chieh , Shih Che-Chi , Tsai Wu-Wei , Chen Hai-Ching , Kei Chi-Chung , Chou Tsung-Te , Hung Wen-Ching , Chen Jyh-Chen , Kuo Yi-Hou , Lin Chun-Liang , Woon Wei-Yen , Liao Szuya Sandy , Lien Der-Hsien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe scaling of transistors with thinner channel thicknesses has led to a surge in research on two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D semiconductors. However, modulating the threshold voltage (VT) in ultrathin transistors is challenging, as traditional doping methods are not readily applicable. In this work, we introduce a optical-thermal method, combining ultraviolet (UV) illumination and oxygen annealing, to achieve broad-range VT tunability in ultrathin In2O3. This method can achieve both positive and negative VT tuning and is reversible. The modulation of sheet carrier density, which corresponds to VT shift, is comparable to that obtained using other doping and capacitive charging techniques in other ultrathin transistors, including 2D semiconductors. With the controllability of VT, we successfully demonstrate the realization of depletion-load inverter and multi-state logic devices, as well as wafer-scale VT modulation via an automated laser system, showcasing its potential for low-power circuit design and non-von Neumann computing applications.
Understanding the passive behaviour of low-chromium high-strength Hybrid steel in corrosive environments
Authors: Örnek Cem , Payam Beste , Gloskovskii Andrei , Kazmanlı Kürşat , Mohamed Nourhan , Derin Bora , Ürgen Mustafa , Chou Chin-En , Yen Hung-Wei , Avcı Burçak , Ooi Steve 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigated the unique passive behaviour of Hybrid steel in de-aerated sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium chloride solutions through corrosion tests, surface analysis, and thermochemical modelling. Electrochemical measurements confirmed that Hybrid steel possesses stainless steel characteristics, including passivity, breakdown, and pitting, akin to low-alloyed stainless steel. Synchrotron hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a dynamically protective nanoscale passive film composed of Fe, Cr, Ni, and Al oxides, contributing to its stainless nature. The presence of Al and Ni enhances Cr’s role in forming a spontaneously passive and protective surface, resulting in exceptional corrosion resistance in acidic and chloride-containing solutions. Hybrid steel’s surface oxides remain robust even beyond the Cr(III)-to-Cr(VI) redox potential, distinguishing it from other stainless steels. This work demonstrates the potential for designing sustainable stainless steel with high-strength properties without requiring the conventional Cr threshold concentration of 10.5 per cent.
Widespread changes in Southern Ocean phytoplankton blooms linked to climate drivers
Authors: Thomalla Sandy J. , Nicholson Sarah-Anne , Ryan-Keogh Thomas J. , Smith Marié E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate change is expected to elicit widespread alterations to nutrient and light supply, which interact to influence phytoplankton growth and their seasonal cycles. Using 25 years of satellite chlorophyll a data, we show that large regions of the Southern Ocean express significant multi-decadal trends in phenological indices that are typically larger (<50 days decade–1) than previously reported in modelling studies (<10 days decade–1). Although regionally dependent, there is an overall tendency for phytoplankton blooms to increase in amplitude, decline in seasonality, initiate later, terminate earlier and have shorter durations, except in the ice, which initiate earlier and have longer durations. Investigating relationships with prominent climate drivers highlights regional sensitivities and complexities of multiple interacting aspects of a changing climate. Seasonal adjustments of this magnitude at the base of the food web can de-synchronize energy transfer to higher trophic levels, threatening ecosystem services and impacting global climate by altering natural CO2 uptake.
Shared control of a 16 semiconductor quantum dot crossbar array
Authors: Borsoi Francesco , Hendrickx Nico W. , John Valentin , Meyer Marcel , Motz Sayr , van Riggelen Floor , Sammak Amir , de Snoo Sander L. , Scappucci Giordano , Veldhorst Menno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe efficient control of a large number of qubits is one of the most challenging aspects for practical quantum computing. Current approaches in solid-state quantum technology are based on brute-force methods, where each and every qubit requires at least one unique control line—an approach that will become unsustainable when scaling to the required millions of qubits. Here, inspired by random-access architectures in classical electronics, we introduce the shared control of semiconductor quantum dots to efficiently operate a two-dimensional crossbar array in planar germanium. We tune the entire array, comprising 16 quantum dots, to the few-hole regime. We then confine an odd number of holes in each site to isolate an unpaired spin per dot. Moving forward, we demonstrate on a vertical and a horizontal double quantum dot a method for the selective control of the interdot coupling and achieve a tunnel coupling tunability over more than 10 GHz. The operation of a quantum electronic device with fewer control terminals than tunable experimental parameters represents a compelling step forward in the construction of scalable quantum technology.
4-PBA inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve autophagic flux in the treatment of protamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced interstitial cystitis in rats
Authors: Jia Li , Jingzhen Zhu , Xinliang Yang , Bishao Sun , Xin Luo , Ji Zheng , Zhenqiang Fang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterstitial cystitis (IC) has severe clinical symptoms with unclear mechanism. The continuous inflammatory response of the bladder is the basis of its pathogenesis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the regulation and development of various inflammatory diseases. And autophagy plays an important role in IC. In this study, we mainly focus on the therapeutic effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy on protamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced interstitial cystitis. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into three experimental groups as follows: sham controls(N), IC alone, and IC+4-PBA.Rats in group IC received 10 mg/ml PS in the urinary bladder, followed by 2 mg/ml LPS instillation after 30 min, IC+4-PBA group SD rats received 4-PBA solution administered intragastrically once a day for 5 days. ERS biomarker (GRP78), autophagy-related proteins (LC3I/II, and Beclin1), autophagic flux biomarker (P62), inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-a, NF-κB), apoptotic biomarkers (Caspase 3, Bax) were highest in the IC group compared to IC+4-PBA group and N group and the biomarkers expression in IC+4-PBA group were lower than in the IC group, anti-apoptotic biomarker (Bcl-2) was highest in the N group compared to the IC group and IC+4-PBA group and lower in the IC group than in the IC+4-PBA group, oxidative stress biomarkers (HO-1, NQO-1) were remarkably lower in the control group than in the IC and IC+4-PBA groups and notably lower in the IC group than in the IC+4-PBA group. The histological score and mast cell count demonstrated most severe in the IC group than those in the IC+4-PBA group. TUNEL assay examined the level of apoptosis in IC group was higher than in the IC+4-PBA group. The bladder micturition function was significantly improved with 4-PBA treatment. 4-PBA inhibits ERS to recover autophagic flux, and then to suppress the bladder oxidative stress, the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis, finally improve the bladder urinary function in Protamine/Lipopolysaccharide (PS/LPS) induced IC.
Changing environmental conditions have altered the feeding ecology of two keystone Arctic marine predators
Authors: Anderson Matthew A. , Fisk Aaron T. , Laing Rodd , Noël Marie , Angnatok Joey , Kirk Jane , Evans Marlene , Pijogge Liz , Brown Tanya M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnvironmental change in the Arctic has impacted the composition and structure of marine food webs. Tracking feeding ecology changes of culturally-valued Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida) can provide an indication of the ecological significance of climate change in a vulnerable region. We characterized how changes in sea ice conditions, sea surface temperature (SST), and primary productivity affected the feeding ecology of these two keystone species over a 13- and 18-year period, respectively, in northern Labrador, Canada. Arctic char fed consistently on pelagic resources (δ13C) but shifted over time to feeding at a higher trophic level (δ15N) and on more marine/offshore resources (δ34S), which correlated with decreases in chlorophyll a concentration. A reduction in Arctic char condition factor and lipid content was associated with higher trophic position. Ringed seals also shifted to feeding at a higher trophic level, but on more pelagic resources, which was associated with lower SST and higher chlorophyll a concentrations. Years with abnormally high SSTs and reduced sea ice concentrations resulted in large isotopic niche sizes for both species, suggesting abrupt change can result in more variable feeding. Changes in abundance and distribution of species long valued by the Inuit of Labrador could diminish food security.