bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition on Software Verification and Witness Validation: SV-COMP 2023
Authors: Beyer Dirk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe 12th edition of the Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP 2023) is again the largest overview of tools for software verification, evaluating 52 verification systems from 34 teams from 10 countries. Besides providing an overview of the state of the art in automatic software verification, the goal of the competition is to establish standards, provide a platform for exchange to developers of such tools, educate PhD students on reproducibility approaches and benchmarking, and provide computing resources to developers that do not have access to compute clusters. The competition consisted of 23 805 verification tasks for C programs and 586 verification tasks for Java programs. The specifications include reachability, memory safety, overflows, and termination. This year, the competition introduced a new competition track on witness validation, where validators for verification witnesses are evaluated with respect to their quality.
2LS: Arrays and Loop Unwinding
Authors: Malík Viktor , Nečas František , Schrammel Peter , Vojnar Tomáš 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2LS is a C program analyser built upon the CPROVER infrastructure that can verify and refute program assertions, memory safety, and termination. Until now, one of the main drawbacks of 2LS was its inability to verify most programs with arrays. This paper introduces a new abstract domain in 2LS for reasoning about the contents of arrays. In addition, we introduce an improved approach to loop unwinding, a crucial component of the 2LS’ verification algorithm, which particularly enables finding proofs and counterexamples for programs working with dynamic memory.
Specifying and Verifying Higher-order Rust Iterators
Authors: Denis Xavier , Jourdan Jacques-Henri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Rust, programs are often written using iterators, but these pose problems for verification: they are non-deterministic, infinite, and often higher-order, effectful and built using adapters. We present a general framework for specifying and reasoning with Rust iterators in first-order logic. Our approach is capable of addressing the challenges set out above, which we demonstrate by verifying real Rust iterators, including a higher-order, effectful . Using the Creusot verification platform, we evaluate our framework on clients of iterators, showing it leads to efficient verification of complex functional properties.
Opportunistic Monitoring of Multithreaded Programs
Authors: Soueidi Chukri , El-Hokayem Antoine , Falcone Yliès 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a generic approach for monitoring multithreaded programs online leveraging existing runtime verification (RV) techniques. In our setting, monitors are deployed to monitor specific threads and only exchange information upon reaching synchronization regions defined by the program itself. They use the opportunity of a lock in the program, to evaluate information across threads. As such, we refer to this approach as opportunistic monitoring. By using the existing synchronization, our approach reduces additional overhead and interference to synchronize at the cost of adding a delay to determine the verdict. We utilize a textbook example of readers-writers to show how opportunistic monitoring is capable of expressing specifications on concurrent regions. We also present a preliminary assessment of the overhead of our approach and compare it to classical monitoring showing that it scales particularly well with the concurrency present in the program.
Feature-Guided Analysis of Neural Networks
Authors: Gopinath Divya , Lungeanu Luca , Mangal Ravi , Păsăreanu Corina , Xie Siqi , Yu Huafeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApplying standard software engineering practices to neural networks is challenging due to the lack of high-level abstractions describing a neural network’s behavior. To address this challenge, we propose to extract high-level task-specific features from the neural network internal representation, based on monitoring the neural network activations. The extracted feature representations can serve as a link to high-level requirements and can be leveraged to enable fundamental software engineering activities, such as automated testing, debugging, requirements analysis, and formal verification, leading to better engineering of neural networks. Using two case studies, we present initial empirical evidence demonstrating the feasibility of our ideas.
JavaBIP meets VerCors: Towards the Safety of Concurrent Software Systems in Java
Authors: Bliudze Simon , van den Bos Petra , Huisman Marieke , Rubbens Robert , Safina Larisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present “Verified JavaBIP”, a tool set for the verification of JavaBIP models. A JavaBIP model is a Java program where classes are considered as components, their behaviour described by finite state machine and synchronization annotations. While JavaBIP guarantees execution progresses according to the indicated state machines, it does not guarantee properties of the data exchanged between components. It also does not provide verification support to check whether the behaviour of the resulting concurrent program is as (safe as) expected. This paper addresses this by extending the JavaBIP engine with run-time verification support, and by extending the program verifier VerCors to verify JavaBIP models deductively. These two techniques complement each other: feedback from run-time verification allows quicker prototyping of contracts, and deductive verification can reduce the overhead of run-time verification. We demonstrate our approach on the “Solidity Casino” case study, known from the VerifyThis Collaborative Long Term Challenge.
Duals of Cesàro sequence vector lattices, Cesàro sums of Banach lattices, and their finite elements
Authors: Gönüllü Uğur , Polat Faruk , Weber Martin R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the ideals of finite elements in special vector lattices of real sequences, first in the duals of Cesàro sequence spaces $${\text {ces}}_p$$

ces
p

for $$p\in \{0\}\cup [1,\infty )$$

p
∈
{
0
}
∪
[
1
,
∞
)

and, second, after the Cesàro sum $${\text {ces}}_{p}{(\mathfrak {X})}$$

ces
p

(
X
)

of a sequence of Banach spaces is introduced, where $$p=\infty $$

p
=
∞

is also allowed, we characterize their duals and the finite elements in these sums if the summed up spaces are Banach lattices. This is done by means of a remarkable extension of the corresponding result for direct sums.
Social pathways to care: how community-based network ties shape the health care response of individuals with mental health problems
Authors: Green Harold D. , Pescosolido Bernice A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Mental health research has powerfully documented inequities related to characteristics, such as ethnicity and gender. Yet how and where disparities like unmet need occur have been more elusive. Drawing from a now modest body of research that deployed the Network Episode Model (NEM), we examine how individuals create patterns of response to mental health problems, influenced by the culture and resources embedded in their social networks.

Methods
The Person-to-Person Health Interview Study (P2P; N ~ 2,700, 2018–2021) provides representative, community-based, NEM-tailored data. Both descriptive, latent class and multinomial regression analyses mark mental health care-seeking patterns, including individuals consulted and activities used, as well as the influence of the structure and cultural content of social networks.

Results
Latent class analysis detected five pathways with good fit statistics. The Networked General Care Path (37.0%) and The Kin General Care Path (14.5%) differ only in whether friends are activated in using the general care sector. The Networked Multi-Sector Care Path (32.5%) and The Saturated Path (12.6%) involve family, friends, and both general and specialty care with only the latter expanding consultation to coworkers and clergy. The Null Path (3.3%), or no contacts, is not used as perceived problem severity increases. Network size and strength are associated with the more complex pathways that activate ties, respectively. Trust in doctors is associated with pathways that include specialty providers but not others at work or church. Race, age, and rural residence have specific pathway effects, while gender has no significant impact.

Conclusions
Social networks propel individuals with mental health problems into action. Tie strength and trust produce care responses that are fuller and more targeted. Considering the nature of homophily, results also suggest that majority status and college education are clearly implicated in networked pathways. Overall, findings support community-targeted rather than individually based efforts to increase service use.
Polyvector fields for Fano 3-folds
Authors: Belmans Pieter , Fatighenti Enrico , Tanturri Fabio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe compute the Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg decomposition of the Hochschild cohomology of Fano 3-folds. This is the first step in understanding the non-trivial Gerstenhaber algebra structure of this invariant, and yields some initial insights in the classification of Poisson structures on Fano 3-folds of higher Picard rank.
Electroacupuncture at Baliao point alleviates post-operative pain and anal distension after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (stapled hemorrhoidopexy): a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shen Jiamen , Zhou Xiecheng , Zhao Jiaying , Wang Huipeng , Ye Tao , Chen Wenjie , Wang Xin , Gong Lifeng , Cai Yuankun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Baliao point on short-term complications, such as anal pain and swelling, after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.

Methods
A total of 124 eligible patients undergoing PPH surgery were included in this study and randomly divided into a control group (n = 67) and an EA group (n = 57), with patients in the control group receiving only PPH surgery and patients in the EA group receiving PPH surgery and EA at Baliao point.

Results
The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of EA group at 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those of control group. The anal distension scores at 8, 48, and 72 h after operation were also significantly lower than those of control group. The number of postoperative analgesic drug administration per patient was also significantly lower in the EA group. The incidence of urinary retention and tenesmus in EA group was significantly lower than that in control group within the first day after surgery.

Conclusion
EA treatment at the Baliao point can alleviate short-term anal pain and anal swelling after the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids, reduce the incidence of urinary retention, and decrease the use of postoperative analgesic drugs.

Trial registration
This study was approved and registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Center, Registration number: ChiCTR2100043519, Registration time: February 21, 2021 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/).
Real-world use of natalizumab in Austria: data from the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry (AMSTR)
Authors: Monschein Tobias , Dekany Sarinah , Zrzavy Tobias , Ponleitner Markus , Altmann Patrick , Bsteh Gabriel , Kornek Barbara , Rommer Paulus , Enzinger Christian , Di Pauli Franziska , Kraus Jörg , Berger Thomas , Leutmezer Fritz , Guger Michael ,   the Austrian MS Treatment Registry (AMSTR)
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
With the approval of natalizumab in Europe in 2006, the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Registry (AMSTR) was established. Here, we present data from this registry about effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in patients treated up to 14 years.

Patients/methods
Data retrieved from the AMSTR contained baseline characteristics and biannual documentation of annualised relapse rate (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score as well as adverse events and reasons for discontinuation on follow-up visits.

Results
A total of 1596 natalizumab patients (71% women, n = 1133) were included in the analysis and the observed treatment duration ranged from 0 to 164 months (13.6 years). The mean ARR was 2.0 (SD = 1.13) at baseline, decreasing to 0.16 after 1 year and 0.01 after 10 years. A total of 325 patients (21.6%) converted to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) during the observational period. Of 1502 patients, 1297 (86.4%) reported no adverse events (AE) during follow-up visits. The most common reported AEs were infections and infusion-related reactions. John Cunningham virus (JCV) seropositivity was the most common specified reason for treatment discontinuation (53.7%, n = 607). There were five confirmed cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) with 1 death.

Conclusion
The effectiveness of natalizumab in patients with active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) could be confirmed in our real-world cohort even after follow-up of up to 14 years, though after year 10, there were less than 100 remaining patients. A low number of AE were reported in this nationwide registry study, establishing Natalizumab’s favourable safety profile during long-term use.
Finding the most suitable puncture site for intraosseous access in term and preterm neonates: an ultrasound-based anatomical pilot study
Authors: Schwindt Eva M. , Häcker Theresa , Stockenhuber Reinhold , Patsch Janina M. , Mehany Sarah N. , Berger Angelika , Schwindt Jens C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective ultrasound-based pilot study was to identify the most suitable tibial puncture site for intraosseous (IO) access in term and preterm neonates, describe tibial dimensions at this site, and provide anatomical landmarks for rapid localization. We measured the tibial dimensions and distances to anatomical landmarks at puncture sites A (proximal: 10 mm distal to the tibial tuberosity; distal: 10 mm proximal to the malleolus medialis) and B (chosen by palpation of the pediatrician), in 40 newborns in four weight groups (< 1000 g; 1000–2000 g, 2000–3000 g, and 3000–4000 g). Sites were rejected if they fell short of the assumed safety distance to the tibial growth plate of 10 mm. If both A and B were rejected, puncture site C was determined sonographically at the maximum tibial diameter while maintaining the safety distance. Puncture site A violated the safety distance in 53% and 85% (proximally and distally, respectively) and puncture site B in 38% and 33%. In newborns weighing 3000–4000 g, at median (IQR), the most suitable puncture site at the proximal tibia was 13.0 mm (12.0–15.8) distal to the tuberosity and 6.0 mm (4.0–8.0) medial to the anterior rim of the tibia. The median (IQR) diameters at this site were 8.3 mm (7.9–9.1) (transverse) and 9.2 mm (8.9–9.8) (anterior–posterior). The diameters increased significantly with increasing weight. Conclusion: This study adds concise, practical information on the implementation of IO access in neonatal patients: the tibial dimensions in newborns in four different weight groups and initial data on anatomical landmarks to easily locate the IO puncture site. The results may help implement IO access in newborns more safely.

What is Known:

• Intraosseous access is a feasible option for emergency administration of vital drugs and fluids in newborns undergoing resuscitation when an umbilical venous catheter is impossible to place.

• Severe complications of IO access due to malpositioned IO needles have been reported in neonates.

What is New:

• This study reports the most suitable tibial puncture sites for IO access and the tibial dimensions, in newborns of four weight groups.

• The results can help to implement safe IO access in newborns.
Use of High Energy Devices (HEDs) versus electrocautery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ortenzi Monica , Agresta Ferdinando , Vettoretto Nereo , Gerardi Chiara , Allocati Eleonora , Botteri Emanuele , Montori Giulia , Balla Andrea , Arezzo Alberto , Piatto Giacomo , Sartori Alberto , Antoniou Stavros , Podda Mauro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
According to the literature, there is no clear definition of a High Energy Devices (HEDs), and their proper indications for use are also unclear. Nevertheless, the flourishing market of HEDs could make their choice in daily clinical practice arduous, possibly increasing the risk of improper use for a lack of specific training. At the same time, the diffusion of HEDs impacts the economic asset of the healthcare systems. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of HEDs compared to electrocautery devices while performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Materials and methods
On behalf of the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and New Technologies, experts performed a systematic review and meta-analysis and synthesised the evidence assessing the efficacy and safety of HEDs compared to electrocautery devices while performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies were included. Outcomes were: operating time, bleeding, intra-operative and post-operative complications, length of hospital stay, costs, and exposition to surgical smoke. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021250447).

Results
Twenty-six studies were included: 21 RCTs, one prospective parallel arm comparative non-RCT, and one retrospective cohort study, while three were prospective comparative studies. Most of the studies included laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in an elective setting. All the studies but three analysed the outcomes deriving from the utilisation of US sources of energy compared to electrocautery. Operative time was significantly shorter in the HED group compared to the electrocautery group (15 studies, 1938 patients; SMD − 1.33; 95% CI − 1.89 to 0.78; I2 = 97%, Random-effect). No other statistically significant differences were found in the other examined variables.

Conclusions
HEDs seem to have a superiority over Electrocautery while performing LC in terms of operative time, while no difference was observed in terms of length of hospitalisation and blood loss. No concerns about safety were raised.
Prognostic factors for lung transplant recipients focusing on age and gender: the Japanese lung transplantation report 2022
Authors: Oishi Hisashi , Okada Yoshinori , Sato Masaaki , Nakajima Jun , Nakajima Daisuke , Shiraishi Takeshi , Sato Toshihiko , Kanou Takashi , Shintani Yasushi , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Toyooka Shinichi , Maeda Sumiko , Chida Masayuki , Matsumoto Keitaro , Nagayasu Takeshi , Suzuki Hidemi , Yoshino Ichiro , Matsuda Yasushi , Hoshikawa Yasushi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To clarify the impact of donor and recipient characteristics on the survival of recipients before and after lung transplantation in the Japanese population.

Methods
Patients’ data were collected for retrospective analysis from all authorized lung transplant centers in Japan. We included 1963 patients listed for lung transplantation by the end of December 2021, comprised of 658 deceased-donor and 270 living-donor lung transplants.

Results
Primary disease had a significant impact on the mortality of patients waiting for transplantation. The indications for transplant significantly affected the post-transplant survival rate of deceased-donor lung transplant recipients. The recipient’s age also significantly affected the post-transplant survival rate of the deceased-donor and living-donor lung transplant recipients. The recipients of grafts transplanted from donors aged 61 years or older showed a worse post-transplant survival rate (≧60 years old). The survival rate for the combination of a female donor to a male recipient among the deceased-donor lung transplant recipients was the worst among the four combinations.

Conclusion
The donor and recipient characteristics significantly impacted the survival of recipients after lung transplantation. The underlying mechanism of the negative impact of the gender mismatch of female donor to male recipient on post-transplant survival needs to be investigated further.
Migration and wage inequality: a detailed analysis for German metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions
Authors: Schmid Ramona 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study presents new evidence on immigrant-native wage gaps considering regional-specific differences between 2000 and 2019 in Germany. Using linked employer-employee-data, unconditional quantile regression models are estimated in order to assess the degree of labor market integration of foreign workers. The applied extended version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method provides evidence on driving factors behind wage gaps along the entire wage distribution. Estimated results are presented not only for the whole of West Germany but also differentiated between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. On average, larger wage differentials are identified in metropolitan areas with at the same time a higher presence of foreign population. Detailed decompositions show that there are not only changes in the relative importance of explanatory factors over time, but also possible sources of wage differentials shift between different points of the wage distribution. Decisive explanatory variables in this context are the practised profession and the economic sector affiliation. Distinguishing between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, provides evidence that especially differences in educational attainment impact wage gaps in urban areas. Regarding the size of overall estimated wage gaps, after 2012 a reversal in trend and particular increasing tendencies around median wages are revealed.
Near-wall hemodynamic parameters quantification in in vitro intracranial aneurysms with 7 T PC-MRI
Authors: Sache Antoine , Reymond Philippe , Brina Olivier , Jung Bernd , Farhat Mohamed , Vargas Maria Isabel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
Wall shear stress (WSS) and its derived spatiotemporal parameters have proven to play a major role on intracranial aneurysms (IAs) growth and rupture. This study aims to demonstrate how ultra-high field (UHF) 7 T phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) coupled with advanced image acceleration techniques allows a highly resolved visualization of near-wall hemodynamic parameters patterns in in vitro IAs, paving the way for more robust risk assessment of their growth and rupture.

Materials and methods
We performed pulsatile flow measurements inside three in vitro models of patient-specific IAs using 7 T PC-MRI. To this end, we built an MRI-compatible test bench, which faithfully reproduced a typical physiological intracranial flow rate in the models.

Results
The ultra-high field 7 T images revealed WSS patterns with high spatiotemporal resolution. Interestingly, the high oscillatory shear index values were found in the core of low WSS vortical structures and in flow stream intersecting regions. In contrast, maxima of WSS occurred around the impinging jet sites.

Conclusions
We showed that the elevated signal-to-noise ratio arising from 7 T PC-MRI enabled to resolve high and low WSS patterns with a high degree of detail.