bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InstanceSHAP: an instance-based estimation approach for Shapley values
Authors: Babaei Golnoosh , Giudici Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe growth of artificial intelligence applications requires to find out which explanatory variables mostly contribute to the predictions. Model-agnostic methods, such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) can solve this problem: they can determine the contribution of each variable to the predictions of any machine learning model. The SHAP approach requires a background dataset, which usually consists of random instances sampled from the train data. In this paper, we aim to understand the insofar unexplored effect of the background dataset on SHAP and, to this end, we propose a variant of SHAP, InstanceSHAP, that uses instance-based learning to produce a more effective background dataset for binary classification. We exemplify our proposed methods on an application that concerns peer-to-peer lending credit risk assessment. Our experimental results reveal that the proposed model can effectively improve the ordinary SHAP method, leading to Shapley values for the variables that are more concentrated on fewer variables, leading to simpler explanations.
Behaviour indicative of coprophagy in zoo-managed porcupine (Hystrix indica)
Authors: Polotzek Martin , Schirmer Jasmin , Schindler Judith , Clauss Marcus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough all hystricomorph rodents have the colonic furrow or groove that is the anatomical prerequisite for a ‘mucous trap’ colonic separation mechanism linked to coprophagy or cecotrophy, the taxon that gives this group its name, the porcupines, have been claimed to not practice coprophagy. Absence of coprophagy has repeatedly been claimed for hystricomorph species in which it was later confirmed. Here, we report the observation of a characteristic posture—sitting on one hindleg, with the other hindleg lifted and the snout covering the anogenital region—that is the typical posture during coprophagy in other large hystricomorph rodents, in two zoo-managed Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica). Together with other circumstantial evidence, these observations are suggestive of coprophagy in porcupines, and support claims that it may be wise to assume all hystricomorph rodents can use this strategy.
Artificial Intelligence for road quality assessment in smart cities: a machine learning approach to acoustic data analysis
Authors: Jagatheesaperumal Senthil Kumar , Bibri Simon Elias , Ganesan Shrivarshni , Jeyaraman Poongkalai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn smart cities, ensuring road safety and optimizing transportation efficiency heavily relies on streamlined road condition monitoring. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has notably enhanced the capability to detect road surfaces effectively. This study presents a novel approach to road condition monitoring in smart cities through the development of an acoustic data processing and analysis module. It focuses on four types of road conditions: smooth, slippery, grassy, and rough roads. To assess road conditions, a microphone integrated road surface detector unit is designed to collect audio signals, and an ultrasonic module is used to observe the road depth information. The whole hardware unit is installed in the wheel rim of the vehicles. The data collected from the road surfaces are then analyzed using machine learning algorithms, such as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately identifying different road conditions. From these results, it was observed that the MLP provides better accuracy of 98.98% in assessing road conditions. The study provides valuable insights into the development of a more efficient and reliable road condition monitoring system for delivering secure transportation services in smart cities.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on Financial Risk Evaluation and Control of Tourism Enterprises Based on Improved GA Algorithm
Authors: Chen Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the change and complexity of the tourism market environment, the financial risks faced by tourism enterprises are increasingly diversified. Effectively evaluating and controlling these financial risks has become the key to the development of tourism enterprises. Therefore, this study builds an accurate and real-time enterprise financial risk assessment and control model with the help of genetic algorithm. The results show that compared with other models, the maximum error value of the research model is only 0.12, and the maximum mean square error is only 0.09. The high reliability of the model is verified by simulating the data of selected tourism enterprises. After increasing the number of samples, the accuracy of the model continues to improve, and the predicted financial indicators are more in line with the actual situation. The model achieves the best results in average fitness, and the required error value is reached within 10 iterations. In the goodness of fit comparison, the goodness of fit of the training set, the test set and the verification set of the model are all over 0.7. In the empirical analysis, the ACC of the research model reached 97.4%, the accuracy rate reached 97.1%, the F1 index of the research reached 98.6%, and the other three research models were all lower than 98%. The above shows that the research model has significant advantages and can effectively evaluate and control the financial risk of tourism enterprises.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward infection prevention and control among undergraduate pharmacy students in Zambia: findings and implications
Authors: Mudenda Steward , Chizimu Joseph , Chabalenge Billy , Kasanga Maisa , Matafwali Scott Kaba , Daka Victor , Yamba Kaunda , Mulomba Margret , Mufwambi Webrod , Katowa-Mukwato Patricia , Godman Brian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are critical in preventing the risk of acquiring and transmitting nosocomial infections. In Zambia, there is little information concerning IPC practices among pharmacy students who are exposed to potentially infectious areas both in public and private healthcare settings. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of undergraduate pharmacy students toward infection prevention and control at the University of Zambia.

Materials and methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia using a structured questionnaire from August 2022 to October 2022. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level.

Results:
Of the 290 participants, 166(57.2%) were female and the majority were aged between 18 and 23 years. Overall, 252(86.9%) had good knowledge, 167(57.6%) had positive attitudes, and 248(85.5%) had good practices toward IPC measures. These results indicate lower attitude scores compared to knowledge and practices. Having good knowledge of IPC was associated with being a Christian by religion compared to other religions (OR = 5.314, 95% CI: 1.141–24.745). There was no association between sociodemographics and attitude and practice concerning IPC.

Conclusion:
This study found that pharmacy students had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices toward IPC measures. Consequently, more emphasis is needed to improve the student’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward IPC, especially in areas where gaps were identified. Additionally, there is a need to improve curricula on IPC measures in the training of pharmacy programs.
SUPPORT THEOREM FOR PINNED DIFFUSION PROCESSES
Authors: INAHAMA YUZURU 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a support theorem of Stroock–Varadhan type for pinned diffusion processes. To this end, we use two powerful results from stochastic analysis. One is quasi-sure analysis for Brownian rough path. The other is Aida–Kusuoka–Stroock’s positivity theorem for the densities of weighted laws of non-degenerate Wiener functionals.
Models as Dogwhistles
Authors: DiMarco Marina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSome scientific models and some claims about model–target relations are fruitfully diagnosed as dogwhistles. Dogwhistles, broadly speaking, are speech acts that send different, conflicting, and often differentially inflammatory messages to listeners. I distinguish two ways in which scientific models can be dogwhistles: representational dogwhistling and fit-for-purpose dogwhistling. I illustrate both kinds of dogwhistling using an example from computational social science, the diversity trumps ability theorem. I argue that dogwhistling threatens the objectivity of science, and I propose some ameliorative strategies.
THE MORDELL–LANG CONJECTURE FOR SEMIABELIAN VARIETIES DEFINED OVER FIELDS OF POSITIVE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: GHIOCA DRAGOS , YANG SHE 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet G be a semiabelian variety defined over an algebraically closed field K of prime characteristic. We describe the intersection of a subvariety X of G with a finitely generated subgroup of
$G(K)$
.
When local causes are more explanatorily useful
Authors: Bourrat Pierrick 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Madole & Harden plead for better integration of causal knowledge of different depths to understand complex human traits. Classically, local causes – a particular type of shallow causes – are considered less useful than more generalisable causes, giving a false impression that the latter causes are more useful and desirable. Using a simple example, I show that sometimes the contrary is true.
On the big list of causes
Authors: Turkheimer Eric 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The methodological shift from twin studies to genome-wide association studies (GWASs) diminished estimates of true genetic causation underlying statistical heritability of behavioral differences. The sum total of causal genetic influence on behavior is not zero, but, (a) no one cited in the target article ever thought this was the case, and (b) there is still little known about concrete instances of genetic causation.
Shallow versus deep genetic causes
Authors: Smith Adam C. , Downes Stephen M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We argue that Madole & Harden's distinction between shallow versus deep genetic causes can bring some clarity to causal claims arising from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, the authors argue that GWAS only finds shallow genetic causes, making GWAS commensurate with the environmental studies they hope to supplant. We also assess whether their distinction applies best to explanations or causes.
Meeting counterfactual causality criteria is not the problem
Authors: Markon Kristian E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Counterfactual causal interpretations of family genetic effects are appropriate, but neglect an important feature: Provision of unique information about expected outcomes following an independent decision, such as a decision to intervene. Counterfactual causality criteria are unlikely to resolve controversies about behavioral genetic findings; such controversies are likely to continue until counterfactual inferences are translated into interventional hypotheses and designs.
The providential randomisation of genotypes
Authors: Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Fearon Pasco , Viding Essi , Davies Neil , Munafò Marcus R. , Davey Smith George 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When building causal knowledge in behavioural genetics, the natural randomisation of genotypes at conception (approximately analogous to the artificial randomisation occurring in randomised controlled trials) facilitates the discovery of genetic causes. More importantly, the randomisation of genetic material within families also enables a better identification of (environmental) risk factors and aetiological pathways to diseases and behaviours.
The challenges of sociogenomics make it more, not less, worthy of careful and innovative investigation
Authors: Keller Matthew C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Influences on social traits involve a tangled interplay of genetic, social, and environmental factors. Moreover, there is increasing awareness that gene–environment correlations are real and potentially measurable. Such gene–environment correlations can mislead if they are uncontrolled and genetic associations are interpreted as being purely because of direct genetic effects. This complexity is cause for more and better investigation, not a reason to refrain from researching one of the potentially important factors (genetics) influencing trait variation.
Misguided model of human behavior: Comment on C. H. Burt: “Challenging the utility of polygenic scores for social science…”
Authors: Richardson Ken 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This commentary emphasizes two problem areas mentioned by Burt. First, that within-family designs do not eradicate stratification confounds. Second, that the linear/additive model of genetic causes of form and variation is not supported by recent progress in molecular biology. It concludes with an appeal for a (biologically and psychologically) more realistic model of such causes.
Polygenic scores and social science
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is a hotly contested issue whether polygenic scores should play a major role in the social sciences. Here, we defend a methodologically pluralist stance in which sociogenomics should abandon its hype and recognize that it suffers from all the methodological difficulties of the social sciences, yet nevertheless maintain an optimistic stance toward a more cautious use.
The failure of gene-centrism
Authors: Archer Edward , Lavie Carl J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
“Challenging the utility of polygenic scores for social science” is a compelling but limited critique. Phenotypic development is sensitive to both initial conditions and all subsequent states – from conception to senescence. Thus, gene-centric analyses are misleading (and often meaningless) because gene products are transformed, and their phenotypic ‘effects' combined and attenuated with successive propagations from molecular and cellular contexts to organismal and social environments.
Tractable limitations of current polygenic scores do not excuse genetically confounded social science
Authors: Morris Damien , Ritchie Stuart J. , Young Alexander I. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Burt's critique of using polygenic scores in social science conflates the “scientific costs” of sociogenomics with “sociopolitical and ethical” concerns. Furthermore, she paradoxically enlists recent advances in controlling for environmental confounding to argue such confounding is scientifically “intractable.” Disinterested social scientists should support ongoing efforts to improve this technology rather than obstructing progress and excusing genetically confounded research.
A “Patient Preference” Model of Recruitment for Research from Primary-Care-Based Memory Clinics: A Promising New Approach
Authors: Lee Linda , Hillier Loretta M. , Patel Tejal , Gregg Susie , Hickman Kathy , Lu Stephanie K. , Lee Michael , Borrie Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecruiting persons with dementia for clinical trials can be challenging. Building on a guide initially developed to assist primary-care-based memory clinics in their efforts to support research, a key stakeholder working group meeting was held to develop a standardized research recruitment process, with input from patients, care partners, researchers, and clinicians. Discussions in this half-day facilitated meeting focused on the wishes and needs of patients and care partners, policy and procedures for researchers, information provided to patients, and considerations for memory clinics. Patients and care partners valued the opportunity to contribute to science and provided important insights on how to best facilitate recruitment. Discussions regarding proposed processes and procedures for research recruitment highlighted the need for a new, patient-driven approach. Accordingly, a key stakeholder co-designed “Memory Clinic Research Match” program was developed that has the potential to overcome existing barriers and to increase recruitment for dementia-related research.
Childhood emotional abuse and alcohol use disorders in a national Nepali women sample: The mediating role of borderline personality traits
Authors: Xie Weiyi , Emery Clifton R. , Liu Amy Yinan , Ng Siu-man , Choi Anna Wai-man , Chui Cheryl Hiu-kwan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile many studies have found an association between childhood emotional abuse and alcohol use disorders (AUD) during adulthood, underlying psychological mechanisms linking the two remain inadequately understood. Drawing on the developmental psychopathology perspective, this study examined the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and AUD during adulthood with a national sample of women in Nepal (N = 1,100, M age = 37.73), focusing on the mediating role of borderline personality traits. Mediation analyses were performed using the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method and bootstrapping confidence intervals. Results indicated that Nepali women’s borderline personality traits significantly mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and AUD. Hence, emotional abuse in childhood increases the risk for AUD during adulthood for Nepali women by increasing the risk of borderline personality traits. Findings underscore the necessity of continued emphasis on developing and implementing early interventions for childhood emotional abuse and therapeutic interventions for borderline personality traits in reducing AUD among vulnerable women in Nepal.
Palmitoylation mediates the proteolysis of seed storage proteins during the cooling process in hydrated lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)
Authors: Yu Ying , Han Yingying , Ding Yujiao , Li Weijie , Jaganathan Ganesh K. , Liu Baolin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPalmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT), involved in the fatty acid synthesis and the de-palmitoylation of protein, was induced under ecological cooling treatment in hydrated lettuce seeds. However, there was no significant difference in fatty acid levels between the control and the cooled samples. To further study the function of PPT, 2-bromopalmitic acid (2-Bp), an inhibitor of protein palmitoylation, was applied during the imbibition of hydrated lettuce seeds, which was followed by slow-cooling treatment (−3°C h−1). The application of 2-Bp (1 mM) significantly increased the survival rate of seeds from 6.70% (control imbibition) to 22.67% (2-Bp imbibition) after slow cooling to −20°C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that 2-Bp led to earlier onset of ice crystals in the endosperm than the control group. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D) confirmed that 2-Bp could promote the hydrolysis of seed globulins and the accumulation of globulin peptides with small molecular weights. High-efficiency hydrolysis of globulin induced by mercaptoethanol improved the freezing tolerance of hydrated lettuce seeds and led to the accumulation of small globulin peptides, which further proved the positive function of small globulin polypeptides in enhancing the freezing tolerance of hydrated lettuce seeds. DSC of small globulin peptides showed that the smaller the molecular weight, the earlier the appearance of ice crystals and the higher the enthalpy of heat release. For the smallest peptides, the 2-Bp-4 in 2-Bp group exhibited higher enthalpy in exothermic peak than the control group (c-4). In conclusion, the hydrolysis of seed globulins and accumulation of small-molecule globulin peptides could be the major reason for improving the freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds after de-palmitoylation treatment.
Hypoxia following warden procedure: evaluation and percutaneous treatment
Authors: Pelka Michelle J. , Jones Edward T. , Brennen David M. , Stapleton Gary E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPartial anomalous venous connection with sinus venosus atrial septal defect is repaired with different approaches including the Warden procedure. Complications include stenosis of the superior caval vein and pulmonary venous baffle; however, cyanosis is rarely seen post-operatively. We report a patient presenting with cyanosis 5 years after a Warden, which was treated with a transcatheter approach.
Wanna contraction in first language acquisition, child second language acquisition, and adult second language acquisition
Authors: Hwang Haerim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractContraction of want to to wanna is sometimes possible (e.g., Who do you want to/wanna stay with ___ ?), but sometimes impossible (e.g., Who do you want ___ to/*wanna stay?). This contrast is attributable to the grammatical constraint that a wh-trace blocks the contraction of want and to. Most first language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition studies testing learner knowledge of this constraint have used elicited production tasks and focused on adult participants, with inconsistent results. Using a child-friendly acceptability judgment task, the current study shows that children as young as 3;11 and both child and adult L2 learners have target-like knowledge of the constraint on wanna contraction. This result is in line with the position that L1 acquisition, child L2 acquisition, and adult L2 acquisition are qualitatively similar.
Planetary biotechnospheres, biotechnosignatures and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Authors: Romanovskaya Irina K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe concept of planetary intelligence as collective intelligence is used to consider possible evolutionary paths of biotechnospheres that emerge on the intersection of the technosphere with the biosphere and support coupling of the technosphere with the biosphere, thus affecting planetary evolution. In mature biotechnospheres, the intelligence of technologies and the intelligence of life forms, including engineered life forms, could act in concert to perform various tasks (e.g. monitoring planetary biospheres and environments; restoring planetary environments and biodiversity; steading planetary environments; providing support for space missions; terraforming cosmic objects). Space exploration can expand biotechnospheres beyond planets and create cosmic ecosystems encompassing planets and other cosmic objects; biotechnospheres, spacecraft and the environments of near-planetary, interplanetary space or interstellar space. Humankind, other civilizations or their intelligent machines may produce biotechnosignatures (i.e. observables and artefacts of biotechnospheres) in the Solar System and beyond. I propose ten possible biotechnosignatures and strategies for the search for these biotechnosignatures in situ and over interstellar distances. For example, if a non-human advanced civilization existed and built biotechnospheres on Earth in the past, its biotechnospheres could use engineered bacteria and the descendants of that bacteria could currently exist on Earth and have properties pertaining to the functions of the ancient bacteria in the biotechnospheres (such properties are proposed and discussed); intelligent technologies created by the ancient civilization could migrate to the Solar System's outer regions (possible scenarios of their migration and their technosignatures and biotechnosignatures are discussed); these two scenarios are described as the Cosmic Descendants hypothesis. Interstellar asteroids, free-floating planets, spacecraft and objects gravitationally bound to flyby stars might carry extraterrestrial biotechnospheres and pass through the Solar System. In connection to the fate of post-main-sequence stars and their Oort clouds, the probability for interstellar asteroids to carry biotechnospheres or to be interstellar spacecraft is estimated as very low.