bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Through the Lens of Urdu
Authors: Mian Zain R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This essay examines Adabī dunyā, or Literary World, to argue for a dialectical relationship between world literature and the Urdu magazine. Adabī dunyā carved a niche for itself in a competitive Indian magazine ecology by positioning itself as a worldly and world-class magazine in terms of its content and material form. How this publication circulated world literature was inspired by the educational impetus of the ‘ilmī o adabī magazine genre (roughly translatable as “educational and literary”). Adabī dunyā mediated readers’ appreciation of world authors by relying on a range of forms such as the survey essay, image, and original Urdu texts inspired by those authors. By focusing on its representation of Dante Alighieri, I show how the magazine sought to nurture a multidimensional relationship between Indian readers and foreign writers. In so doing, Adabī dunyā produced a local iteration of world literature centered on Urdu culture.
Luke 22:36 and Hsiao’s Libertarian ‘Theology’ of Gun Ownership
Authors: Barrigar Chris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Christian philosopher Timothy Hsiao has recently provided in this journal a defence of gun ownership and public gun carrying. I will respond with an argument against gun ownership for self-defence. In particular I will argue that Hsiao’s argument misuses Scripture, fails to employ a range of important theological categories, and leads to increased harms. I argue these failings occur because Hsiao’s fundamental objective is not to seek a Kingdom of God theology of guns but rather to defend a libertarian social vision. In effect, his thin theology is really a veneer for a libertarian defence of guns and gun culture, whereas I argue that a Kingdom of God theology seeks to provide a safer society and thus would move society away from gun culture.
The Soil Moisture–Surface Flux Relationship as a Factor for Extreme Heat Predictability in Subseasonal to Seasonal Forecasts
Authors: Benson David O. , Dirmeyer Paul A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thresholds of soil moisture exist below which the atmosphere becomes hypersensitive to land surface drying, inducing thermal feedbacks that can exacerbate heatwaves. Realistic representation of threshold transitions in forecast models could improve extreme heat predictability and understanding of the role of land–atmosphere coupling. This study evaluates the performance of several forecast models from the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) and several prototype versions of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) in their representation of threshold transitions by validation against reanalysis data. A metric of skill (true skill score) is applied to soil moisture breakpoint values, which mark the transition to heatwave hypersensitivity for drying soils. Forecast models have poor skill at being initialized on the correct side of the breakpoint, but show improvement when normalized to account for deficiencies in their soil moisture climatologies. Regionally, models performed best in the U.S. Northwest and worst in the Southwest. They effectively capture the tendency of western regions to spend more summer days in the hypersensitive regime than the eastern United States. Models represent well extreme heat as a consequence of atmospheric initial state for the first week of the forecast, but struggle to represent the soil moisture feedback regime. Forecast models generally perform better at extreme heat prediction when they are already dry and in the hypersensitive regime, even when erroneously so, implying that errors or biases exist in model parameterizations. Nevertheless, composite analysis shows encouraging model performance of the “hit” category, suggesting that an improvement in soil moisture initialization could further improve extreme heat forecast skill.
Investigating Mortality Disparities Among Insured Patients With Colon Cancer Treated in an Integrated Health care System and Other Private Settings
Authors: Patel Jay , Attaluri Vikram , Basam Motahar , Ryoo Joan , Wu David , Mukherjee Amrita , Chung Joanie , Cooper Robert M. , Haque Reina 
Published: June 2023

Background Lower socioeconomic status (SES) affects health care delivery and is associated with worse outcomes. Integrated healthcare systems (IHS) may help reduce barriers to health care and affect outcomes. Our aim was to compare outcomes of colon cancer cases diagnosed at the largest IHS in California, Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), to other insured patients (OI) to determine how SES influences mortality. Methods This retrospective cohort study included insured adults in southern California diagnosed with colon cancer between 2009 and 2014, using data from the California Cancer Registry, and followed through 2017. Main outcome was all-cause mortality. Person-year mortality rates were calculated for two groups, KPSC and OI. Multivariable hazard ratios were calculated for association between SES quintiles and mortality. Results Total of 15 923 patients were diagnosed with colon cancer, 4195 patients (26.3%) within KPSC and 11 728 patients (73.7%) in OI. The overall mortality rate per 1000 person-years (PY) was lower in KPSC [103.8/1000 PY (95% CI:98.5-109.3)] compared to OI [139.3/1000 PY (95% CI:135.2-143.4)]. Compared to the highest SES group, the lowest SES group did not experience higher mortality risk in the KPSC population, after adjusting for race/ethnicity and other factors (HR, 95% CI = 1.13, .93-1.38). However, in OI patients, lowest and lower-middle SES groups had higher mortality risk compared to the highest SES group (HR, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.13-1.40 and 1.28, 1.16-1.41, respectively). Discussion Lower SES was associated with higher mortality risk within the OI group; however, within KPSC no such association was observed. Care coordination in IHS settings mitigate SES-related mortality differences.
PRMT5 supports multiple oncogenic pathways in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Sloan Shelby L. , Brown Fiona , Long Mackenzie , Weigel Christoph , Koirala Shirsha , Chung Ji-Hyun , Pray Betsy , Villagomez Lynda , Hinterschied Claire , Sircar Anuvrat , Helmig-Mason JoBeth , Prouty Alexander , Brooks Eric , Youssef Youssef , Hanel Walter , Parekh Samir , Chan Wing Keung , Chen Zhengming , Lapalombella Rosa , Sehgal Lalit , Vaddi Kris , Scherle Peggy , Chen-Kiang Selina , Di Liberto Maurizio , Elemento Olivier , Meydan Cem , Foox Jonathan , Butler Daniel , Mason Christopher E. , Baiocchi Robert A. , Alinari Lapo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy with an overall poor prognosis, particularly for patients that progress on targeted therapies. Novel, more durable treatment options are needed for patients with MCL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in MCL and plays an important oncogenic role in this disease via epigenetic and posttranslational modification of cell cycle regulators, DNA repair genes, components of prosurvival pathways, and RNA splicing regulators. The mechanism of targeting PRMT5 in MCL remains incompletely characterized. Here, we report on the antitumor activity of PRMT5 inhibition in MCL using integrated transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo models of MCL. Treatment with a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PRMT5, PRT-382, led to growth arrest and cell death and provided a therapeutic benefit in xenografts derived from patients with MCL. Transcriptional reprograming upon PRMT5 inhibition led to restored regulatory activity of the cell cycle (p-RB/E2F), apoptotic cell death (p53-dependent/p53-independent), and activation of negative regulators of B-cell receptor-PI3K/AKT signaling (PHLDA3, PTPROt, and PIK3IP1). We propose pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL and identify MTAP/CDKN2A deletion and wild-type TP53 as biomarkers that predict a favorable response. Selective targeting of PRMT5 has significant activity in preclinical models of MCL and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
Characteristics and prognostic impact ofIDHmutations in AML: a COG, SWOG, and ECOG analysis
Authors: Zarnegar-Lumley Sara , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Othus Megan , Sun Zhuoxin , Ries Rhonda E. , Wang Jim , Leonti Amanda , Kutny Matthew A. , Ostronoff Fabiana , Radich Jerald P. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Pogosova-Agadjanyan Era L. , O’Dwyer Kristen , Tallman Martin S. , Litzow Mark , Atallah Ehab , Cooper Todd M. , Aplenc Richard A. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Gamis Alan S. , Luger Selina , Erba Harry , Levine Ross , Kolb E. Anders , Stirewalt Derek L. , Meshinchi Soheil , Tarlock Katherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSomatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes occur frequently in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and less commonly in pediatric AML. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, mutational profile, and prognostic significance of IDH mutations in AML across age. Our cohort included 3141 patients aged between &lt;1 month and 88 years treated on Children’s Cancer Group/Children’s Oncology Group (n = 1872), Southwest Oncology Group (n = 359), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (n = 397) trials, and in Beat AML (n = 333) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 180) genomic characterization cohorts. We retrospectively analyzed patients in 4 age groups (age range, n): pediatric (0-17, 1744), adolescent/young adult (18-39, 444), intermediate-age (40-59, 640), older (≥60, 309). IDH mutations (IDHmut) were identified in 9.2% of the total cohort (n = 288; IDH1 [n = 123, 42.7%]; IDH2 [n = 165, 57.3%]) and were strongly correlated with increased age: 3.4% pediatric vs 21% older, P &lt; .001. Outcomes were similar in IDHmut and IDH-wildtype (IDHWT) AML (event-free survival [EFS]: 35.6% vs 40.0%, P = .368; overall survival [OS]: 50.3% vs 55.4%, P = .196). IDH mutations frequently occurred with NPM1 (47.2%), DNMT3A (29.3%), and FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) (22.4%) mutations. Patients with IDHmut AML with NPM1 mutation (IDHmut/NPM1mut) had significantly improved survival compared with the poor outcomes experienced by patients without (IDHmut/NPM1WT) (EFS: 55.1% vs 17.0%, P &lt; .001; OS: 66.5% vs 35.2%, P &lt; .001). DNTM3A or FLT3-ITD mutations in otherwise favorable IDHmut/NPM1mut AML led to inferior outcomes. Age group analysis demonstrated that IDH mutations did not abrogate the favorable prognostic impact of NPM1mut in patients aged &lt;60 years; older patients had poor outcomes regardless of NPM1 status. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00070174, #NCT00372593, #NCT01371981, #NCT00049517, and #NCT00085709.
Moving toward a conceptualization of measurable residual disease in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Schulz Eduard , Aplan Peter D. , Freeman Sylvie D. , Pavletic Steven Z. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApproximately 90% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) have somatic mutations that are known or suspected to be oncogenic in the malignant cells. The genetic risk stratification of MDSs has evolved substantially with the introduction of the clinical molecular international prognostic scoring system, which establishes next-generation sequencing at diagnosis as a standard of care. Furthermore, the International Consensus Classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias has refined the MDS diagnostic criteria with the introduction of a new MDS/acute myeloid leukemia category. Monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD) has historically been used to define remission status, improve relapse prediction, and determine the efficacy of antileukemic drugs in patients with acute and chronic leukemias. However, in contrast to leukemias, assessment of MRD, including tracking of patient-specific mutations, has not yet been formally defined as a biomarker for MDS. This article summarizes current evidence and challenges and provides a conceptual framework for incorporating MRD into the treatment of MDS and future clinical trials.
Screening and prioritising persistent, mobile and toxic chemicals: development and application of a robust scoring system
Authors: Hartmann Julia , Rorije Emiel , Wassenaar Pim N. H. , Verbruggen Eric 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Lately scientific and societal concern has emerged about persistent (P), mobile (M) and toxic (T) chemicals. Such chemicals, like some polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), are of concern due to their high mobility and persistence in aquatic compartments which relates to long-term biotic exposure and difficult removal from drinking water. In this study, a screening approach for identification of PMT chemicals was developed and applied to 6158 diverse chemicals.

Results
Chemicals are given a continuous score for P, M and T potential based on the modelled indicators (low to moderate potential is a score of 0–0.33, high potential is a score of 0.33–0.5 and very high potential a score of 0.5–1). The P score was based on the estimated aquatic environmental half life and the M score on the chemical’s organic carbon/water partition coefficient (Koc) using respectively the BIOWIN3 and KocWIN QSAR models of EPISuite™. The T score was based on the indicators for five human health endpoints: carcinogenicity (c), mutaganicity (m), reprotoxicity (r), endocrine disruption (ED) and general repeated dose systemic toxicity. Structural alerts for these endpoints taken from the OECD QSAR Toolbox™ and Toxtree™ were used as indicators of potential (human) toxicity. Chemical similarity values to Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) with c, m and/or r properties were also included. Value functions were developed to translate the presence of alerts and similarity to the existing SVHCs to values between 0 and 1. Subsequently, all values were also aggregated to an overall PMT score, again ranging from 0 to 1. Applying the approach to chemicals from the Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances, which are also REACH registered, resulted in 15% of the chemicals receiving high scores (≥ 0.33) for all three (P-, M- and T-) indicators and 4% getting very high scores (≥ 0.5) for both the P- and M-indicators.

Conclusions
The approach confirmed the properties of chemicals classified as SVHC due to PMT properties (e.g. 1,4-dioxane), illustrating the ability of the approach to identify PMT chemicals of concern. Water regulators, drinking water suppliers and others can use this approach to identify potential PMT/vPvM chemicals that need further investigation.
Gender norms and access to sexual and reproductive health services among women in the Marrakech-Safi region of Morocco: a qualitative study
Authors: Ouahid Hajar , Mansouri Adil , Sebbani Majda , Nouari Nadia , Khachay Fatima Ezzahra , Cherkaoui Mohamed , Amine Mohamed , Adarmouch Latifa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Improving access to sexual and reproductive health remains a public health challenge, especially for women, whose access is affected by several determinants, such as gender inequality, which is the underlying barrier to all other determinants. Many actions have been carried out, but much remains to be done before all women and girls can exercise their rights. This study aimed to explore how gender norms influence access to sexual and reproductive health services.

Method
A qualitative study was conducted from November 2021 to July 2022. The inclusion criteria were women and men aged over 18 years old, living in the urban and rural areas of the Marrakech-Safi region in Morocco. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with selected participants. The data were coded and classified using thematic content analysis.

Results
The study highlighted inequitable, restrictive gender norms that lead to stigmatization and affect the sexual and reproductive healthcare-seeking behavior and access of girls and women in the Marrakech-Safi region. These most common gender norms for women include parental refusal, stigmatization, and social exclusion of girls from sexual and reproductive health education services; strong decision-making power of family members over contraceptive use and women’s adherence to pregnancy monitoring and access to supervised delivery; and culturally constructed role allocation, assigning a reproductive role to women and making them responsible for the health of new-borns.

Conclusion
Sexual and reproductive health projects must strive to be gender sensitive. Gender-blind projects are missed opportunities to improve health outcomes and advance gender equality.
A qualitative study examining newly diagnosed breast cancer patients’ experiences of participating in the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) prospective cohort study
Authors: Corcoran Lynn , Friedenreich Christine M. , McNeely Margaret L. , Culos-Reed Nicole S. , Bell Gordon , Dickau Leanne , Courneya Kerry S. , Vallance Jeff K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Decisions to participate in cancer trials are associated with uncertainty, distress, wanting to help find a cure, the hope for benefit, and altruism. There is a gap in the literature regarding research examining participation in prospective cohort studies. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer participating in the AMBER Study to identify potential strategies to support patients’ recruitment, retention, and motivation.

Methods
Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were recruited from the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) cohort study. Data were collected using semi-structured conversational interviews with 21 participants from February to May 2020. Transcripts were imported into NVivo software for management, organization, and coding. Inductive content analysis was undertaken.

Results
Five main concepts associated with recruitment, retention, and motivation to participate were identified. These main concepts included: (1) personal interest in exercise and nutrition; (2) investment in individual results; (3) personal and professional interest in research; (4) burden of assessments; (5) importance of research staff.

Conclusions
Breast cancer survivors participating in this prospective cohort study had numerous reasons for participating and these reasons could be considered in future studies to enhance participant recruitment and retention. Improving recruitment and retention in prospective cancer cohort studies could result in more valid and generalizable study findings that could improve the care of cancer survivors.
Conjunctival sac flora and drug susceptibility analysis in normal children in East China
Authors: Jiang Mingming , Zhang Jing , Wan Xiaomei , Ding Yichao , Xie Feijia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the distribution characteristics of conjunctival sac flora and assess the susceptibility of commonly used topical antimicrobial agents in normal children under the age of 18 in East China.

Methods
In 2019, a study was conducted at Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University to analyze the microorganism cultures of conjunctival sac in 1258 normal children (2516 eyes; average age, 6.21 ± 3.78 years) in East China. Exclusion criteria included children with ocular surface diseases and those who had used any topical antimicrobial agents recently. The microorganism species in the conjunctival sac were analyzed using the M-38A protocol (microdilution method; investigators read the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute to determine drug susceptibility.

Results
The incidence of conjunctival sac microorganism in children was 32.87% (827/2516), a total of 541 cases (male 293, female 248). Children with conjunctival sac flora in a single eye were 255 and in both eyes were 286 (no statistical difference, P > 0.05). The concordance rate of children with binocular conjunctival sac flora was 32.16% (174/541; male 84, female 90). A total of 42 species of bacteria were detected. Children with Gram-positive cocci accounted for the highest proportion, 91.54% (757/827). The top three bacteria with the highest detection rates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis; 52.12%), Streptococcus (12.09%), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; 10.76%). Streptococcus mitis (5.20%) accounted for the highest proportion of Streptococcus.S. epidermidis had the highest proportion in all age groups and was positively correlated with age (r = 0.89, P = 0.03). Before six years of age, the streptococcal proportion(mainly S. mitis) was greater than that of Staphylococcus aureus. The drug susceptibility analysis showed that S. epidermidis was most sensitive to gatifloxacin (98.61%), while it had the highest resistance rate to erythrocin (87.94%). S. aureus had the highest susceptibility to moxifloxacin (100%). Streptococcus was most sensitive to moxifloxacin (96.97%) and had the highest resistance rate to tobramycin (92.93%).

Conclusions
Conjunctival sac flora in children was dominated by Gram-positive cocci, mainly S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Streptococcus. S. epidermidis increased with age; the proportion of Streptococcus was higher than S. aureus among children aged 0–6 years. The typical conjunctiva sac flora was generally sensitive to quinolones, such as moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin; Streptococcus displayed high resistance to tobramycin antibiotics; and the female children had higher resistance to tobramycin than the male children.
Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) - a validation for use in proximal humerus fractures treated with arthroplasty
Authors: Demir Yilmaz , Sjöberg Hanna , Stark Andre , Salomonsson Björn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The Swedish shoulder and Arthroplasty Registry (SSAR) use the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) as their shoulder-specific score in the follow-up. WOOS is not yet validated for use as the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement (PROM) for proximal humerus fractures (PHF) treated with shoulder hemiarthroplasty (SHA) in the Swedish registry. The aim of this study was to examine the validity, the reliability and the responsiveness of WOOS as a PROM for proximal humerus fractures treated with shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods
Data was collected from the SSAR from the 1st of January 2008 to the 31st of June 2011. A total of 72 subjects were identified with at least 1 year of follow-up. Of these 43 completed all the shoulder-specific PROM together with a clinical examination, including a WOOS retest and general health scores. A group of 29 did not undergo any clinical examination, but they completed all the questionnaires not requiring a clinical examination. The validity was assessed with WOOS compared to satisfaction level, and the Spearman rank coefficient was used for the correlation between WOOS and the shoulder-specific scores (Constant-Murley Score, Oxford Shoulder Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form and EQ-5D. For reliability, Intra Class Correlation (ICC) was used for the test–retest assessment and Cronbach´s alpha for the construct reliability.

Results
The validity for WOOS had an excellent correlation (> 0.75) with all the shoulder-specific scores and a good correlation (> 0.6) with EQ-5D.
The reliability with the test–retest of the total WOOS score and the subgroups had an excellent correlation. Cronbach´s alpha also supports the construct of WOOS. There were no floor or ceiling effects.

Conclusions
We found that WOOS is a reliable tool for evaluating patients with SHA after PHF. Based on our study, we recommend the continued use of WOOS in shoulder arthroplasty registries and observational studies.