bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual cartoon video for alleviating perioperative anxiety and reducing emergence delirium in children: a prospective randomised trial
Authors: Tang Xinyu , Zhang Muchun , Yang Lizhuang , Tao Xinchen , Li Yamei , Wang Yi , Wang Xin , Hu Xianwen 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPerioperative anxiety and emergence delirium (ED) in young children may cause a series of adverse events, which are worth investigating. Pharmacological treatments of anxiety and delirium remain uncertain, while non-pharmacological treatments lack personalization and pertinence.AimsThe aim of study was to determine whether an individual cartoon video can alleviate perioperative anxiety and reduce ED in young children undergoing adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy.MethodsChildren between 3 and 7 years old undergoing adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to an individual cartoon video group (group V) or a control group (group C). In group V, an individual cartoon video of the child’ s own choice was played throughout the whole waiting, anaesthesia induction and recovery periods. The children in group C were contacted through verbal conversation. The primary outcomes were anxiety measured by the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale and ED assessed by the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The secondary outcomes included cooperation during induction, postoperative pain and adverse events.ResultsThe incidence of anxiety were comparable in group V and group C at the holding area (T0) (26% vs 22%, p=0.323), but the incidence of anxiety of group V were significantly lower than those of group C at the time of entering the operating room (T1), during the induction of anaesthesia (T2) and leaving the post anaesthesia care unit (T6) (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001) after intervention. The peak PAED score in group V was significantly lower than that in group C (12.00 (9.00–13.00) vs 13.50 (10.00–15.00), p=0.016). We found no significant differences in cooperation during induction, postoperative pain or the incidence of adverse events between the groups (2.00 (0.00–4.00) vs 3.00 (1.25–4.00), p=0.110; F=0.059, Pgroup=0.808; 3 (7.5%) vs 4 (10), p=0.692).ConclusionsThe individual cartoon video is an effective method of reducing perioperative anxiety and alleviating ED in children.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200062300 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx).
Risk factors for postreperfusion syndrome during living donor liver transplantation in paediatric patients with biliary atresia: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Tianying , Wu Yuli , Gong Xinyuan , Che Lu , Sheng Mingwei , Jia Lili , Li Hongxia , Yu Wenli , Weng Yiqi 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundLiving donor liver transplantation (LT) is the main treatment for paediatric biliary atresia (BA) in Asia. During LT, a series of haemodynamic changes often occur during LT reperfusion, which is called postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), and PRS is related to a prolonged postoperative hospital stay, delayed recovery of graft function and increased mortality. To reduce adverse reactions after paediatric living donor LT (LDLT), our study’s objectives were to ascertain the incidence of PRS and analyse possible risk factors for PRS.MethodsWith the approval of the Ethics Committee of our hospital, the clinical data of 304 paediatric patients who underwent LDLT from January 2020 to December 2021 were analysed retrospectively. According to the presence or absence of PRS, the paediatric patients were divided into the non-PRS group and the PRS group. Independent risk factors of PRS were analysed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsPRS occurred in 132 recipients (43.4%). The peak values of AST (816 (507–1625) vs 678 (449–1107), p=0.016) and ALT (675 (415–1402) vs 545 (389–885), p=0.015) during the first 5 days after LDLT in paediatric patients with PRS were significantly higher than those in the non-PRS group. Meanwhile, the paediatric patients in the PRS group had longer intensive care unit stays and hospital stays, as well as lower 1-year survival rates. Graft cold ischaemic time (CIT) ≥90 min (OR (95% CI)=5.205 (3.094 to 8.754)) and a temperature <36°C immediately before reperfusion (OR (95% CI)=2.973 (1.669 to 5.295)) are independent risk factors for PRS.ConclusionsThe occurrence of hypothermia (<36.0℃) in children immediately before reperfusion and graft CIT≥90 min are independent risk factors for PRS. PRS was closely related to the postoperative adverse outcomes of paediatric patients.
NeuroCNVscore: a tissue-specific framework to prioritise the pathogenicity of CNVs in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Liu Xuanshi , Xu Wenjian , Leng Fei , Zhang Peng , Guo Ruolan , Zhang Yue , Hao Chanjuan , Ni Xin , Li Wei 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are associated with altered development of the brain especially in childhood. Copy number variants (CNVs) play a crucial role in the genetic aetiology of NDDs by disturbing gene expression directly at linear sequence or remotely at three-dimensional genome level in a tissue-specific manner. Despite the substantial increase in NDD studies employing whole-genome sequencing, there is no specific tool for prioritising the pathogenicity of CNVs in the context of NDDs.MethodsUsing an XGBoost classifier, we integrated 189 features that represent genomic sequences, gene information and functional/genomic segments for evaluating genome-wide CNVs in a neuro/brain-specific manner, to develop a new tool, neuroCNVscore. We used Human Phenotype Ontology to construct an independent NDD-related set.ResultsOur neuroCNVscore framework (https://github.com/lxsbch/neuroCNVscore) achieved high predictive performance (precision recall=0.82; area under curve=0.85) and outperformed an existing reference method SVScore. Notably, the predicted pathogenic CNVs showed enrichment in known genes associated with autism.ConclusionsNeuroCNVscore prioritises functional, deleterious and pathogenic CNVs in NDDs at whole genome-wide level, which is important for genetic studies and clinical genomic screening of NDDs as well as for providing novel biological insights into NDDs.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonist after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Hohmann Christopher , Pfister Roman , Frerker Christian , Beckmann Andreas , Walther Thomas , Bleiziffer Sabine , Ensminger Stephan , Bekeredjian Raffi , Seiffert Moritz , Sinning Jan-Malte , Möllmann Helge , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Baldus Stephan , Böning Andreas , Herrmann Eva , Balaban Ümniye , Kuhn Elmar 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveAfter transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the optimal regimen of anticoagulant therapy in patients with an additional indication for oral anticoagulation remains a matter of debate. This study investigates the efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients after TAVI in a real-world population.MethodsThe German Aortic Valve RegistrY (GARY) is a prospective, multicentre registry enrolling patients undergoing invasive treatment for aortic valve disease. From January 2011 to December 2019, 1 41 790 patients from 92 hospitals in Germany were enrolled. Anticoagulatory treatment regimens were assessed at hospital discharge for patients after TAVI procedures. All-cause mortality and the combined endpoint ‘cardiac and cerebrovascular events’ containing myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, aortic prosthesis reintervention and all-cause mortality in the first year after TAVI were examined by treatment regimen.ResultsOf 45 598 patients (mean age 80.7±5.7 years, 49.3% males) undergoing TAVI, 16 974 patients (37.2%) received an anticoagulant regimen that included VKA or DOAC. Hereof, the majority of patients were prescribed VKA (n=11 333, 66.8%) compared with DOAC (n=5641, 33.2%) with an increase of DOAC use from 9.4% in 2011 to 69.9% in 2019. During the 1-year follow-up, the absolute event rates per 100 person-years for all-cause mortality and the combined endpoint cardiac and cerebrovascular events were 1.9 and 1.3 for VKA-treated and 1.7 and 1.2 for DOAC-treated patients, respectively. After adjustment for baseline confounders, all-cause mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.01, p=0.114) and cardiac and cerebrovascular event-free survival (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.01, p=0.071) did not differ significantly between VKA and DOAC groups.ConclusionsThis study supports evidence of the efficacy of DOAC use after TAVI in patients with an indication for oral anticoagulation.
Thematic analysis of tools for health innovators and organisation leaders to develop digital health solutions fit for climate change
Authors: Rivard Lysanne , Lehoux Pascale , Rocha de Oliveira Robson , Alami Hassane 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesWhile ethicists have largely underscored the risks raised by digital health solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence (AI), limited research has addressed the need to also mitigate their environmental footprint and equip health innovators as well as organisation leaders to meet responsibility requirements that go beyond clinical safety, efficacy and ethics. Drawing on the Responsible Innovation in Health framework, this qualitative study asks: (1) what are the practice-oriented tools available for innovators to develop environmentally sustainable digital solutions and (2) how are organisation leaders supposed to support them in this endeavour?MethodsFocusing on a subset of 34 tools identified through a comprehensive scoping review (health sciences, computer sciences, engineering and social sciences), our qualitative thematic analysis identifies and illustrates how two responsibility principles—environmental sustainability and organisational responsibility—are meant to be put in practice.ResultsGuidance to make environmentally sustainable digital solutions is found in 11 tools whereas organisational responsibility is described in 33 tools. The former tools focus on reducing energy and materials consumption as well as pollution and waste production. The latter tools highlight executive roles for data risk management, data ethics and AI ethics. Only four tools translate environmental sustainability issues into tangible organisational responsibilities.ConclusionsRecognising that key design and development decisions in the digital health industry are largely shaped by market considerations, this study indicates that significant work lies ahead for medical and organisation leaders to support the development of solutions fit for climate change.
Calibrating geologic strata, dinosaurs, and other fossils at Dinosaur Provincial Park (Alberta, Canada) using a new CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Eberth David A. , Evans David C. , Ramezani Jahandar , Kamo Sandra L. , Brown Caleb M. , Currie Philip J. , Braman Dennis R. 
Published: July 2023

The 100 m thick stratigraphic section exposed at Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP; southern Alberta) contains bentonites that have been used for more than 30 years to date DPP’s rocks and fossils using the K–Ar decay scheme. Limited reproducibility among different vintages of K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages inhibited the development of a high-resolution chronostratigraphy. Here, we employ and further test a recently completed U–Pb geochronology and associated age-stratigraphy model to update temporal constraints on the Park’s bentonites, formational contacts, and other markers. In turn, we document rock accumulation rates and calibrate ages and durations of informal megaherbivore dinosaur assemblage zones and other biozones. Weighted mean 206 Pb/238 U ages from five bentonites range from 76.718 ± 0.020 to 74.289 ± 0.014 Ma (2σ internal uncertainties) through an interval of 88.75 m, indicating a duration of ∼2.43 Myr and an overall rock accumulation rate of 3.65 ± 0.04 cm/ka. An increase in rate above the Oldman–Dinosaur Park formational contact conforms to a regionally expressed pattern of increased accommodation at ∼76.3 Ma across Alberta and Montana. Palynological biozone data suggest a condensed section/hiatus in the uppermost portion of the Oldman Formation. Dinosaur assemblage zones exhibit durations of ∼700–600 kyr and are significantly shorter than those in the overlying Horseshoe Canyon Formation. A decreased rate in dinosaur assemblage turnovers in the last eight million years of the Mesozoic in western Canada may be explained by withdrawal of the Western Interior Seaway and the expansion of ecologically homogenous lowlands in its wake.
Quantum hair in electrodynamics and gravity
Authors: Calmet Xavier , Hsu Stephen D. H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate the existence of quantum hair in electrodynamics and gravity using effective action techniques. In the case of electrodynamics we use the Euler–Heisenberg effective action, while in the case of quantum gravity we use the unique effective action. We give a general formulation of these effects which applies to both theories and discuss analogies and differences between them. Furthermore, we present a QED analog to black hole evaporation. Spontaneous pair production in the external field of a ball of charge is analogous to Hawking radiation from black holes. Assuming spherical symmetry, the Gauss law prevents the external field from depending on the density profile of the ball. Quantum corrections violate these expectations, showing that quantum radiation can encode classically forbidden information about the source.
Yarrpbox: Detecting Middleboxes at Internet-Scale
Authors: Hilal Fahad , Gasser Oliver 
Published: July 2023

The end-to-end principle is one of the foundations of the original Internet architecture. This principle is put to the test by middleboxes, i.e., devices which change important parts of a packet in transit. Middleboxes can have beneficial effects, such as a lower handshake time, but also make it more difficult to deploy newly developed protocols, such as TLS 1.3 and QUIC. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of the middlebox ecosystem in the Internet.
In this paper, we present results from a multi-faceted middlebox analysis study. We develop Yarrpbox, a tool to efficiently perform middlebox detection measurements on an Internet-scale. With Yarrpbox, we perform IPv4-wide middlebox detection and find that nearly 10% of paths are affected by a total of 5.8k middlebox devices. We perform the first IPv6 study to date, uncovering a lower prevalence of middleboxes in IPv6. Moreover, we show that the location of a vantage point can have an effect on the results, leading to up to 600 more detected middleboxes. Additionally, we characterize middleboxes by mapping them to vendors and resolving aliases. Finally, we release Yarrpbox as open-source software and make data and analysis code publicly available.
AutoDLAR: A Semi-supervised Cross-modal Contact-free Human Activity Recognition System
Authors: Lu Xinxin , Wang Lei , Lin Chi , Fan Xin , Han Bin , Han Xin , Qin Zhenquan 
Published: July 2023

WiFi-based human activity recognition (HAR) plays an essential role in various applications such as security surveillance, health monitoring, and smart home. Existing HAR methods, though yielding promising performance in indoor scenarios, highly depend on a massive
labeled
dataset for training which is extremely difficult to acquire in practical applications. In this paper, we present an automatic data labeling and HAR system, termed AutoDLAR. Taking a semi-supervised cross-modal learning framework with a hybrid loss function as the core, AutoDLAR transfers rich visual information to
automatically label
WiFi signals for WiFi-based HAR. Specifically, we devise a lightweight and multi-view WiFi sensing model with a parallel feature embedding method to accurately identify activities and accelerate recognition speed. Then, we exploit the video data to fine-tune a well-established visual HAR model, generating effective pseudo-labels for guiding the WiFi model’s training. We also build a synchronized Video-WiFi dataset with seven types of human activities under different scenarios to enable training and validating the semi-supervised HAR system. Extensive experiments on our collected activity dataset and the emotion recognition benchmark demonstrate that AutoDLAR attains an average accuracy of over 95.89% without manual labeling and only spends the inference time of 3.35 ms, outperforming the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.
Acquired Secondary HER2 Mutations Enhance HER2/MAPK Signaling and Promote Resistance to HER2 Kinase Inhibition in Breast Cancer
Authors: Marín Arnaldo , Mamun Abdullah Al , Patel Hima , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Ye Dan , Sudhan Dhivya R. , Eli Lisa , Marcelain Katherine , Brown Benjamin P. , Meiler Jens , Arteaga Carlos L. , Hanker Ariella B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

HER2 mutations drive the growth of a subset of breast cancers and are targeted with HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as neratinib. However, acquired resistance is common and limits the durability of clinical responses. Most HER2-mutant breast cancers progressing on neratinib-based therapy acquire secondary mutations in HER2. It is unknown whether these secondary HER2 mutations, other than the HER2T798I gatekeeper mutation, are causal to neratinib resistance. Herein, we show that secondary acquired HER2T862A and HER2L755S mutations promote resistance to HER2 TKIs via enhanced HER2 activation and impaired neratinib binding. While cells expressing each acquired HER2 mutation alone were sensitive to neratinib, expression of acquired double mutations enhanced HER2 signaling and reduced neratinib sensitivity. Computational structural modeling suggested that secondary HER2 mutations stabilize the HER2 active state and reduce neratinib binding affinity. Cells expressing double HER2 mutations exhibited resistance to most HER2 TKIs but retained sensitivity to mobocertinib and poziotinib. Double-mutant cells showed enhanced MEK/ERK signaling, which was blocked by combined inhibition of HER2 and MEK. Together, these findings reveal the driver function of secondary HER2 mutations in resistance to HER2 inhibition and provide a potential treatment strategy to overcome acquired resistance to HER2 TKIs in HER2-mutant breast cancer.

Significance:
HER2-mutant breast cancers acquire secondary HER2 mutations that drive resistance to HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which can be overcome by combined inhibition of HER2 and MEK.
Repurposing Two Old Friends to Fight Cancer: Caffeine and Statins
Authors: Stouth Derek W. , Lebeau Paul F. , Austin Richard C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStatins are a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Evidence suggests that certain cancers depend on the mevalonate pathway for growth and survival, and thus blocking the mevalonate pathway with statins may offer a viable therapeutic approach for treating cancer, or at least enhance the efficacy of existing cancer drugs. In this issue of Cancer Research, Tran and colleagues showed that caffeine works jointly with FOXM1 inhibition to enhance the antitumor activity of statins in neuroblastoma cells. They found that caffeine synergizes with statins by suppressing statin-induced feedback activation of the mevalonate pathway. Here, we reflect on the potential of combining caffeine and statin drugs as a strategy for potentiating anticancer activity.See related article by Tran et al., p. 2248
Uncovering the Role of CD4+ CAR T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Alizadeh Darya , Wang Dongrui , Brown Christine E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed clinical care against blood malignancies and is seeing encouraging progress against solid tumors. While scientific advancement has been rapid, our mechanistic understanding of intrinsic features of CAR-engineered T cells is still evolving. CAR products typically consist of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets at variable ratios, yet a clear understanding of how each subset contributes together and independently to therapeutic response is lacking. CD8+ CAR T cells are well characterized for their perforin-dependent killing effects; however, the role of CD4+ CAR T cells as “helpers” versus “killers” has been variable across models and warrants more in-depth investigation. A recent study by Boulch and colleagues published in Nature Cancer demonstrates that CD4+ CAR T cells, alone, can exert potent antitumor activity through a mechanism involving IFNγ. CD4+ CAR T-cell production of IFNγ creates a cytokine field that can act at a distance to kill both antigen-positive and -negative tumor cells that are sensitive to the proapoptotic effects of IFNγ. These new findings reveal important insights for the antitumor effects mediated by CD4+ CAR T cells, which could have significant clinical implications.
Avoiding Low-Value Care and Patient Financial Harm in Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Sawaya George F. , Dorismond Vanessa G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The provision of low-value care remains a significant concern in healthcare. The negative impacts resulting from low-value cervical cancer screenings are extensive at the population level and can lead to harms and substantial out-of-pocket expenses for patients. Inattention to the financial implications of screening poses a serious threat to low-income populations that depend on affordable screening services, and it may exacerbate existing healthcare disparities and inequities. Identifying and implementing strategies that promote high-value care and reduce patient out-of-pocket expenses are important to ensure that all people, regardless of their socioeconomic status, have access to effective and affordable preventive care.
See related article by Rockwell et al., p. 385
Abnormal wiring of the structural connectome in adults with ADHD
Authors: Tolonen Tuija , Roine Timo , Alho Kimmo , Leppämäki Sami , Tani Pekka , Koski Anniina , Laine Matti , Salmi Juha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Current knowledge of white matter changes in large-scale brain networks in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is scarce. We collected diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in 40 adults with ADHD and 36 neurotypical controls and used constrained spherical deconvolution–based tractography to reconstruct whole-brain structural connectivity networks. We used network-based statistic (NBS) and graph theoretical analysis to investigate differences in these networks between the ADHD and control groups, as well as associations between structural connectivity and ADHD symptoms assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale or performance in the Conners Continuous Performance Test 2 (CPT-2). NBS revealed decreased connectivity in the ADHD group compared to the neurotypical controls in widespread unilateral networks, which included subcortical and corticocortical structures and encompassed dorsal and ventral attention networks and visual and somatomotor systems. Furthermore, hypoconnectivity in a predominantly left-frontal network was associated with higher amount of commission errors in CPT-2. Graph theoretical analysis did not reveal topological differences between the groups or associations between topological properties and ADHD symptoms or task performance. Our results suggest that abnormal structural wiring of the brain in adult ADHD is manifested as widespread intrahemispheric hypoconnectivity in networks previously associated with ADHD in functional neuroimaging studies.