bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbesserung der fachärztlichen Versorgung für Patienten in der außerklinischen Intensivpflege durch regelmäßige pneumologische Videovisiten: eine Real-Life-Studie
Authors: Jafari Claudia , Orhan Nilüfer , Hammermüller Sören , Plappert Gernoth , Porten Stephan , Strassburg Alan 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In den letzten Jahren ist es zu einem erheblichen Anstieg der Patientenzahlen in der außerklinischen Intensivpflege (AKI) gekommen. Obwohl viele der Patienten invasiv beatmet werden, fehlt oft eine lungenfachärztliche Anbindung. Bei bis zu 60–70% von ihnen wird außerdem weiteres Weaningpotenzial vermutet. Ein telemedizinischer Ansatz, um dieses zu beurteilen und eine pneumologische Betreuung zu ermöglichen, wurde bisher nicht in Studien untersucht.
Methode In 4 Beatmungs-WGs führten wir von März 2021 bis Februar 2024 telepneumologische Visiten durch. Über ein Videoportal erfolgten ein Anamnesegespräch und die Beurteilung z.B. der Beatmungsmesswerte. Zusätzlich kamen ein mobiles BGA-Gerät und ein digitales Stethoskop zum Einsatz. Therapievorschläge wurden durch die Hausärzte umgesetzt. Zum Vergleich diente eine Kontrollgruppe aus 4 Beatmungs-WGs, die nicht pneumologisch betreut wurden.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 71 tracheotomierte Patienten unabhängig von ihrem Weaningpotenzial in die Telemedizingruppe eingeschlossen. Von diesen waren 40 spontanatmend und 31 beatmet (Weaningstadium 3aII bzw. 3cI). Die Beatmungszeit von 23/31 (74%) Patienten konnte im Verlauf verkürzt werden: 5/31 (16%) benötigten nur noch eine nächtliche Beatmung, bei 4/31 (13%) konnte die Beatmung vollständig beendet werden. In einer Kontrollgruppe von 63 Patienten (3aII: n=34, 3cI: n=29) konnte nur bei 1/29 (3%) die Beatmungszeit reduziert werden.Aus der Telemedizingruppe wurden 11/71 (15%) Patienten zur Dekanülierung eingewiesen (3aII: n=6, 3cI: n=5). Es konnten 7/11 (64%) erfolgreich dekanüliert werden (3aII: n=3, 3cI: n=4). Der durchschnittliche Klinikaufenthalt konnte auf 9 Tage verkürzt werden. In der Kontrollgruppe wurden 3/63 (5%) Patienten zur Dekanülierung eingewiesen, von denen keiner erfolgreich dekanüliert werden konnte. Ein Patient wurde während eines Klinikaufenthalts aus anderem Grund erfolgreich dekanüliert.In der Interventionsgruppe wurden außerdem 310 telepneumologische Therapiemodifikationen durchgeführt, umgerechnet auf 978 Patientenmonate war somit bei einem Drittel der Patienten pro Monat eine Therapiemodifikation notwendig.
Schlussfolgerung Eine telepneumologische Betreuung in der AKI ermöglicht es, Weaningpotenzial zu erkennen, Klinikaufenthalte zum Weaning gezielt zu planen bzw. zu vermeiden sowie eine bessere Therapie der Patienten zu erreichen. Hierfür ist eine regelmäßige Betreuung in individuellen Abständen nötig.
Sicherheitsrelevante Merkmale der stationsäquivalenten Behandlung –
Eine Untersuchung aus der Perspektive von Nutzer*innen
Authors: Ziegenhagen Jenny , Göppert Lena , Glück Rosa , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung Das Thema Sicherheit während der stationsäquivalenten Behandlung
(StäB) wird aus Nutzer*innensicht untersucht. StäB ist eine Form der
akut-psychiatrischen Versorgung, bei der Nutzer*innen zu Hause aufgesucht
werden. Die Arbeit ist Teil der AktiV-Studie und wurde von Autor*innen mit
eigenen Erfahrungen psychiatrischer Behandlung verfasst. 55 Leitfrageninterviews mit Nutzer*innen von StäB sind mit
thematischer Analyse ausgewertet worden. Dabei war die Frage leitend, wie
die Sicherheitsbedürfnisse von Nutzer*innen in der StäB, auch im Vergleich
zur stationären Behandlung, erfüllt werden können. Das Thema Sicherheit ist für die Nutzer*innen die Grundlage
für eine Unterstützung in Krisen. Der Haltung der Mitarbeiter*innen und
ihrer Beziehung zu den Nutzer*innen kommen dabei eine prägnante Rolle
zu. StäB bietet mehr Möglichkeiten für eine sichere
Behandlung als der stationäre Kontext. Die Abwesenheit von Zwang und Gewalt
ist nötig, damit Nutzer*innen während einer psychiatrischen Behandlung
sicher sein können.
Sportangebote bei psychischen Erkrankungen: Wie wir als Behandelnde
gezielt unterstützen können
Authors: Hirschbeck Anna , Schwegler Hannah , Solujanova Ludmila , Kossmann David , Hasan Alkomiet , Röh Astrid 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungTrotz der positiven Effekte körperlicher
Aktivität sind Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen oft wenig aktiv. Die
Empfehlungen sind uneinheitlich und schwer umsetzbar.Untersucht wurden Sportverhalten und Bedarf an
Sportangeboten während und nach stationärer Behandlung, um konkrete
Empfehlungen für den klinischen Alltag abzuleiten.Für die vorliegende Umfrage wurden Patientinnen und
Patienten der psychiatrischen Klinik der Universität Augsburg via
Flyer/QR-Code rekrutiert.47 Patientinnen und Patienten nahmen teil. Über
70% treiben regelmäßig Sport. Ebenfalls über 70% haben Interesse an einer
Peer-Sportgruppe, wobei die Rahmenbedingungen möglichst niedrigschwellig
gestaltet sein sollten (z.B. ohne Voranmeldung). Kraftsport und moderate
Intensitäten wurden gegenüber Ausdauersport bevorzugt.Die Ergebnisse ergänzen die Bewegungsempfehlungen
der Weltgesundheitsorganisation. Kraftsport und leicht verfügbare Angebote
könnten die körperliche Aktivität fördern.
A General Route to 3-Thiosubstituted Steroids via Copper-Catalyzed C–S Coupling
Authors: Kotovshchikov Yury N. , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Parulava Mikhail J. , Sokolova Darina V. , Lukashev Nikolay V. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA convenient and efficient approach to 3-thiosubstituted androstanes has been developed. The formation of a C(sp2)–S bond was achieved through the Cu-catalyzed coupling of steroidal iododienes with a variety of S-nucleophiles, such as (het)aryl thiols and dithiocarbamates. A simple catalytic system comprising CuI without auxiliary ligands enabled the preparation of a library of target compounds in good to high yields. A moderate inhibitory activity against hormone-dependent cancer cell lines was demonstrated for representative 3-thiolated steroids.
Tit for Tat: A Case Series of Hollow Viscus and Vascular Compressions
Authors: Ragunathan Vinithra , Sengotaiyan Saravanakumar , Vaidhiyanathan Malathi , Kumar Kiran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Abdominopelvic vascular and hollow viscus compression syndromes present unique challenges in radiological diagnosis, often requiring thorough exclusion of other pathologies. Recognizing these rare syndromes is essential for accurate differential diagnosis and timely treatment, reducing morbidity and mortality. This case series aims to share notable experiences in identifying unusual compression syndromes through radiological findings.
Case Reports Case 1: A 22-year-old male presented with postprandial epigastric discomfort and reflux, which was diagnosed as duodenal compression due to the mid portion of the third segment of the duodenum being compressed between the superior mesenteric vein and the aorta.
Case 2: A 47-year-old male with left loin pain revealed hydroureteronephrosis caused by smooth narrowing/kinking at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, leading to obstruction and renal dysfunction. Case 3: A 15-year-old female with left lower limb swelling and pain was diagnosed with venous thrombosis in the left common iliac, external iliac, and common femoral veins due to giant fecal impaction.
Discussion These cases underscore the significance of recognizing vascular compression syndromes that mimic common clinical conditions. Case 1 highlights the rare compression of the duodenum, which may be mistaken for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Case 2 illustrates how vascular kinking can obstruct the urinary tract and cause hydroureteronephrosis. Case 3 emphasizes the role of fecal impaction in leading to venous thrombosis, a potentially overlooked complication. Prompt imaging and differential diagnosis are critical for proper management.
Conclusion These cases provide valuable insights into the recognition and management of abdominopelvic vascular and hollow viscus compression syndromes. Understanding these rare conditions allows for accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and improved patient outcomes. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge, aiding healthcare professionals in managing such complex clinical presentations.
Computational study of fluid forces over a cylinder attached with elastic beam: A finite element-based simulations
Authors: Arif Yasir , Mahmood Rashid , Tlija Mehdi , Majeed Afraz Hussain , Usman Kamran , Ghith Ehab Seif 
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we describe numerical algorithms that can be used to solve the coupled fluid–structure interaction with incompressible viscous fluid. We characterized the fluid force effects over a circular cylinder attached to an elastic rod. To resolve the coupled governing equations, the velocity profiles are approximated with quadratic polynomials (P2), while the pressure is estimated using a different space with linear polynomials (P1) using the finite element method. The discrete systems are solved using a Newton method that employs split differences to explicitly generate the Jacobian matrices. This approach enables us to address the nonlinearities at each time step and apply direct, steady techniques. The inquiry’s findings reveal a significant relationship between the behaviors related to steady streaming and the flow regimes associated with vortex shedding. In addition, at Re = 100, steady flow is characterized by minimal displacement and negligible oscillations. In contrast, the occurrence of larger oscillations at Reynolds numbers exceeding 140 suggests an increase in flow instability.
Study on the performance and mechanism of aging asphalt with organic–inorganic composite rejuvenator
Authors: Shu Benan , Zeng Guodong , Li Leifeng , Zhu Maocong , Ma Yunlong 
Published: January 2025

This work studied the performance effect and regeneration mechanism of the organic–inorganic composite rejuvenator (COWRGO) composed of waste cooking oil, waste rubber powder, and modified graphene oxide on aged asphalt. The findings demonstrate that the rejuvenator retained its storage stability for one year following its restoration. The rutting factor of COWRGO regenerated asphalt was 43% higher than that of the base asphalt at 64 °C. A reduction in stiffness of 33% was observed, accompanied by an increase in m of 15% at a temperature of −18 °C. The unrecoverable creep compliance was decreased by 58% under shear stresses of 0.3 kPa. The optimal content of modified graphene oxide was identified as 0.1%. In this instance, the residual penetration rate was increased by 29%, and the viscosity aging index was reduced by 23%. The fatigue life of the regenerated asphalt was increased by 22%, reaching a total of 1610 cycles. Regenerated mechanism tests revealed that the COWRGO process resulted in a reduction in the molecular weight of aged asphalt, with an 11% decrease in the relative content of large molecules and an increase in medium and small molecules. The activation of waste rubber powder results in the formation of a loose and porous structure, accompanied by an increase in oxygen content of 3.79%. The decreased peak intensity of –CH2– and increased peak intensity of C–O and –OH mean that the aged asphalt molecular chains are effectively broken down, and the unsaturated and oxygen-containing functional groups are significantly increased.
Optical Spiral Predator–Prey Dynamics
Authors: Wu Juan , Zhuang Yu-Hui , Hu Yi , Xu Jing-Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chase-and-escape motion, which is a typical behavior between a predator and prey, is an important dynamics in animate systems. It has been concerned recently in optics aiming for achieving novel light steering and switching functions. However, this optical counterpart can be realized in only one dimension because of the challenges in maintaining the chase-and-escape interaction. Herein, we report, both theoretically and experimentally, the optical predator–prey dynamics in two dimensions for the first time. Upon nonreciprocal interaction, two beams can form a localized or oblique spiral chase-and-escape motion, which persists owing to the mutual light confinement. Unusual optical phenomena are observed in these dynamics: the angular momentum is not conserved and the resulting transverse traveling motion can be opposite to the applied initial momentum and enhanced by increasing the internal light interactions. The results can inspire further fundamental studies by exploring analogous animate phenomena in optics that are potentially useful for developing optical intelligence functions.
Finding and minimizing systematic errors in dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Walsh M , Guay P , Deschênes J D , Malarich N , Coddington I , Cossel K , Genest J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With sufficiently high signal-to-noise, several systematic errors become prominent in dual-comb interferometry measurements. This paper reviews several error sources including electrical, photo-detection, amplification and acquisition chain non-linearity. Sources of optical non-linearity such as self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation and Raman soliton shifting are also covered, as are spectral fringing due to parasitic reflections and back-scattering. The non-linear response of the target sample itself can also be a source of errors. Methods to identify and minimize errors in experimental data are discussed. Good practices, instrument design strategies and tools, such as the dynamic range diagram, are suggested.
Ternary stochastic neuron - implemented with a single strained magnetostrictive nanomagnet
Authors: Rahman Rahnuma , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stochastic neurons are extremely efficient hardware for solving a large class of problems and usually come in two varieties – “binary” where the neuronal state varies randomly between two values of ±1 and ”analog” where the neuronal state can randomly assume any value between -1 and +1. Both have their uses in neuromorphic computing and both can be implemented with low- or zero-energy-barrier nanomagnets whose random magnetization orientations in the presence of thermal noise encode the binary or analog state variables. In between these two classes is n-ary stochastic neurons, mainly ternary stochastic neurons (TSN) whose state randomly assumes one of three values (-1, 0, +1), which have proved to be efficient in pattern classification tasks such as recognizing handwritten digits from the MNIST data set or patterns from the CIFAR-10 data set. Here, we show how to implement a TSN with a zero-energy-barrier (shape isotropic) magnetostrictive nanomagnet subjected to uniaxial strain.
Enhancing cooperation in dynamic networks through reinforcement-learning-based rewiring strategies
Authors: Lee Hsuan-Wei , Chen Szu-Ping , Shi Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cooperation is a fundamental aspect of social and biological systems, yet achieving and maintaining high levels of cooperation remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the dynamics of cooperation among players engaged in repeated two-player Prisoner’s Dilemma games, utilizing a novel integration of the Bush–Mosteller reinforcement learning model with adaptive network rewiring mechanisms. Each player updates its probability of cooperation and rewires its connections based on the payoffs received from neighbors. Our results demonstrate that incorporating network rewiring guided by reinforcement learning significantly enhances both the level of cooperation and the average payoff across the population. Players that prioritize rewiring over strategy updates are found to form more stable cooperative structures, while those with heightened sensitivity to payoffs and optimal aspiration levels achieve greater cooperation. By identifying and analyzing key parameters that influence cooperative dynamics, our findings provide deep insights into the mechanisms that drive cooperative behavior. This research not only highlights the transformative potential of adaptive network rewiring in promoting cooperation within complex adaptive systems but also offers a framework for designing resilient cooperative networks across diverse domains.
Optimization of Kerf Width in Wedm of Al-Si/5%Aln Mmc Using Taguchi Method and Anova
Authors: Muhammad Imran Bin Wan Zaludin Wan , Said Mohamad Sazali Bin , Yusoff Mohd Shahrizan Bin , Pa Nik Masmiati Binti Nik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a non-conventional machining method used to machine tough material involving The Al-Si/5%AlN metal matrix composites MMC, widely employed in various components, exhibits enhanced machinability with the inclusion of 5% Aluminum Nitride (AlN) as reinforcement. This study employs WEDM to analyze kerf width. Given the intricate nature of the WEDM process, this research emphasizes the necessity for optimization using advanced methodologies. Additionally, the supplementary Design of Experiments (DOE) method is applied to elucidate the relationship between factors influencing the process and the response. Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array method organizes parameters: current (8A, 11A, 14A), Pulse On-Time (3µs, 6µs, 9µs), and Pulse Off-Time (9µs, 12µs, 15µs). From the results, it is evident that the experiment with the lowest kerf width value was experiment 7, yielding a value of 302.33µm. Furthermore, a detailed investigation was conducted, leveraging analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the collected kerf width results. This aimed to assess the impact of various parameters in the WEDM process on its overall effectiveness. The analysis revealed that current (C), contributing 88.16%, predominantly governs kerf width, surpassing the influence of pulse on time (Pon), with an impact value of 5.72%. Additionally, pulse off time (Poff), affecting the kerf width by 4.66%, was also a notable factor for the Al-Si/5%AlN MMC. In conclusion, this study has emphasized that the current (C) significantly influences the kerf distance during the machining of Al-Si/5%AlN using Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM).
Lightweight Hybrid Composite B-Pillars for Automotive Applications; Flexural Performance Evaluation
Authors: Ibrahim M. I. , Rejab M. R. M. , Alang N. A. , Rani M. F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An automobile’s B-pillars are specifically intended to effectively absorb collision energy while minimizing deformation to ensure minimal intrusion into the vehicle’s interior. This study investigates the development of automotive B-pillars using different composite materials to enhance structural property and mechanical performance, aiming to reduce component weight as an alternative to traditional steel. Specifically three combinations of hybrid composite B-pillars were fabricated using 3 layers of carbon fibre as base material. The components were reinforced at the critical area with different and hybrid configurations: two aramid fibre interlayers, two glass fibre interlayers, and a hybrid patch comprising carbon and glass fibre layers. Fabrication process employed a conventional hand lay-up technique producing a full-size B-pillar of an A-segment vehicle. Weight reduction of the fabricated composite-based pillars is between 33% to 56% lighter than original steel pillar. Experimental three-point flexural tests with incorporation of strain gauges were conducted to evaluate flexural characteristics and strain responses. Results indicate that interlayer-reinforced composite pillars demonstrated superior flexural resistance compared to lightest patch-reinforced pillar, which exhibited lower energy absorption capabilities. The CGCGC configuration shows the greatest force resistance, with a peak force only 2% higher than the CACAC. Additionally, CGCGC withstands a 9% greater displacement before failure. Strain measurements confirm the observed load-displacement behaviours across all samples. The CGCGC hybrid B-pillar demonstrates significant potential for future applications, offering a 43% weight reduction and a 50% increase in energy absorption. This research highlights the viability of composite materials, particularly those utilizing interlayer hybrids, as robust and lightweight alternatives to steel for automotive B-pillar applications.
Mechanical Characterization of Welded P91 Steel
Authors: Razak Norhaida Ab , Rosli Siti Nur Atikah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The work presented in this study was performed to characterize the P91 base and weld metal by assessing the microstructure, tensile behaviour, hardness profile, creep behaviour and fracture morphology. Tensile test and short-term creep were performed on both the base and weld metal. For material characterisation, the optical microscope and hardness testing were employed. The fracture surface of the creep ruptured specimen was analyzed by SEM. The transgranular fracture mode was observed in both the base and weld material.
Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Thermoelectric Materials Using Hummers’ Method
Authors: Sulaiman Suraya , Wealth Lennon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using the Hummers’ method. Graphite was first oxidized to graphene oxide (GO) and then reduced to RGO. We used X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to evaluate the material. The XRD results showed a crystallite size of 12.80 nm, but the RGO peaks didn’t match the standard ICDD data, indicating that some graphite remained in the sample. FESEM images revealed that the RGO had a non-uniform, wrinkled structure due to the rapid removal of oxygen groups during reduction. EDX confirmed the high purity of the RGO, showing 80.10% carbon and 19.90% oxygen by weight. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed five absorption peaks, with the highest at 275 nm and an absorption value of 3.139. These findings suggest that while the RGO synthesis was mostly successful, some graphite impurities remained, and further refinement of the process might be needed.
Optimizing Weld Design Layout for Enhanced Crashworthiness
Authors: Arifin Suyani , Salleh Salwani Mohd , Ahmad Syarifah Nur Aqida Syed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crash boxes play a crucial role in this effort by absorbing kinetic energy during collisions, which not only reduces the impact on passengers but also lowers repair costs. This study focuses on optimizing the specific energy absorption (SEA) and initial peak force (IPF) of a crash box using the Response Surface Method (RSM). For an ideal impact energy absorber, the IPF should be minimized while maximizing SEA. In this experiment, AA6061-T6 sheet metal with dimensions of 220 x 200 x 1.5 mm was bent to form a single-hat column. A second piece of AA6061-T6, measuring 200 x 100 x 1.5 mm, was cut and spot welded to the first part. The spot welds were applied at three different distances from the top and bottom edges (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm), and with four different spot weld numbers (N = 7, 8, 9, and 10). Optimization based on experimental results revealed that the best configuration involved a distance of 26.415 mm from the top and bottom edges and a spot weld number of 8.454. However, for practical purposes, these values were rounded, and it was found that the N8D30 configuration was the most optimal specimen. The experimental findings were in agreement with the optimized values obtained using the RSM method. In conclusion, applying the optimal spot weld design layout to the crash box structure can significantly enhance safety and reduce vehicle damage during accidents.