bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation on self-induced magnetic field by hollow cathode discharge
Authors: Wang Baisheng , Meng Tianhang , Zhao Yinjian , Ning Zhongxi , Liu Hui , Yu Daren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Strong electron current density exits in hollow cathodes, but former numerical studies tend to only consider its electrostatic aspect and ignore its electromagnetic (EM) nature, due to the complex physics and the large computational cost. Among all the EM effects in hollow cathodes, the azimuthal magnetic field induced by the electron current plays the key role. In this work, for the first time fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations are conducted to study the induced magnetic field and relevant EM effects in hollow cathodes. It is found that the electron–ion instability could cause a significant drop of the induced magnetic field in a fraction of nanosecond. When the magnitude of the induced magnetic field is strong, its perturbation would disturb the electron current density, and these mechanisms can only be captured by EM simulations.
Photoionization of air species as impurities in atmospheric pressure helium plasma
Authors: Janalizadeh Reza , Pasko Victor P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We revisit the problem of photoionization of small admixtures of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in atmospheric pressure helium plasma originally formulated in the pioneering work of Naidis (2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
43 402001). The radiation trapping of resonance emission lines in atomic helium is quantified, and it is demonstrated that photoionization occurs due to radiative decay of the electronic A state of helium molecules. The collisions and atomic precursors that populate the excited A state of the helium molecule are clearly identified. The Einstein probabilities for the transition from bound and quasi-bound rovibrational levels of the A state to the continuum of the ground X state are provided. A kinetic scheme for the production of the fast component of ultraviolet emissions in atmospheric pressure helium plasma is proposed. The photoionization of molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen as impurities in 99.9% and 99.99% purity helium is studied.
Intraurban NO2 hotspot detection across multiple air quality products
Authors: Montgomery Anastasia , Daepp Madeleine I G , Abdin Marah I , Choudhury Pallavi , Malvar Sara , Counts Scott , Horton Daniel E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High-resolution air quality data products have the potential to help quantify inequitable environmental exposures over space and across time by enabling the identification of hotspots, or areas that consistently experience elevated pollution levels relative to their surroundings. However, when different high-resolution data products identify different hotspots, the spatial sparsity of ‘gold-standard’ regulatory observations leaves researchers, regulators, and concerned citizens without a means to differentiate signal from noise. This study compares NO2 hotspots detected within the city of Chicago, IL, USA using three distinct high-resolution (1.3 km) air quality products: (1) an interpolated product from Microsoft Research’s Project Eclipse—a dense network of over 100 low-cost sensors; (2) a two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ simulation; and (3) a down-sampled product using TropOMI satellite instrument observations. We use the Getis-Ord Gi
*
statistic to identify hotspots of NO2 and stratify results into high-, medium-, and low-agreement hotspots, including one consensus hotspot detected in all three datasets. Interrogating medium- and low-agreement hotspots offers insights into dataset discrepancies, such as sensor placement and model physics considerations, data retrieval caveats, and the potential for missing emission inventories. When treated as complements rather than substitutes, our work demonstrates that novel air quality products can enable researchers to address discrepancies in data products and can help regulators evaluate confidence in policy-relevant insights.
Novel ALK immunohistochemistry assay (clone OTI1A4, Dako) is a sensitive, reliable marker for identifying ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinomas: A validation study
Authors: Eren Ozgur Can , Mericoz Cisel Aydin , Bozkurtlar Emine , Bulutay Pinar , Baygul Arzu , Kulac Ibrahim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We present the first study validating the recent Dako ALK assay (clone OTI1A4, in vitro diagnostic) for detecting ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
Lung adenocarcinoma cases between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively collected to create a cohort of 203 samples. Cases were stained with Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 and reviewed by 3 pathologists independently. Correlation between assays, including their sensitivity and specificity, was evaluated.

Results
The cohort (n = 203) consisted of resections, core needle biopsies, and cell blocks. Agreement between Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 assays was “almost perfect,” with κ = 0.89. The sensitivity and specificity of the Dako ALK OTI1A4 assay were 93.3% and 96%, respectively, in a subgroup of 55 molecularly confirmed cases (n = 30 with and n = 25 without ALK rearrangement).

Conclusions
Immunohistochemistry-based assays provide a valid and reasonably priced alternative, especially in settings where molecular confirmatory tests are neither offered nor accessible. Given high interassay and molecular concordance, we propose that the novel Dako OTI1A4 assay can be reliably used to identify cases with ALK rearrangement.
Team-based preceptor model: The foundation of a longitudinal residency learning experience focused on education
Authors: Rexwinkle Amber , George Nephy , Mendoza Marisa , Tirrell Rebecca , Hecht Diane P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
A structured pharmacy grand rounds (PGR) learning experience that incorporates all aspects of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) continuing pharmacy education (CPE) development process for postgraduate year 1 and 2 pharmacy residents is described.

Summary
Pharmacy residents at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center participate in a structured PGR learning experience as part of the residency completion requirements. Residents are involved in all aspects of educational activity development, including (1) conducting a needs assessment; (2) developing learning objectives; (3) implementing learning assessment methodologies; (4) constructing assessment questions; and (5) applying ACPE standards in the development of CPE activities. A team-based preceptor model focused on the unique attributes of the learning experience, comprising subject matter experts in content and educational best practices, is utilized to support the resident, provide feedback, conduct an evaluation, and ensure a successful experience. Key factors for success include resident instruction related to educational best practices, resources to exemplify the CPE development process, preceptor coaching, and guided self-reflection to identify areas of strength and improvement as an educator.

Conclusion
A structured PGR learning experience that incorporates all aspects of the ACPE CPE development process enables pharmacy residents to understand and apply best practices for educational activity development. Utilizing a team of subject matter experts in educational best practices in collaboration with content experts allows for shared preceptor responsibilities and a successful experience for the resident.
Kangfuxin liquid reduces the ultraviolet B-induced photodamage of HaCaT cells by regulating autophagy
Authors: Lin Xianghong , Chu Jimin , Xiang Yang , He Miao , Ma Qiong , Duan Jingxian , Wang Yan , Sun Sujiao 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Kangfuxin liquid (KFX), an extract of the American cockroach, has been clinically proven to be effective in various skin damage disorders, but there are no reports on its use in photodamage. We explored the effect of KFX on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photodamage and whether its mechanism was related to autophagy. We found that KFX treatment reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species production and improved the vitality of cells inhibited by UVB irradiation. The expression of LC3 (A/B), which was inhibited after UVB irradiation, could be rescued by KFX treatment. Furthermore, KFX may upregulate the level of cellular autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. When the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin was used to inhibit autophagy, the protective effect of KFX on cells was diminished or even disappeared. Our study suggests that KFX may resist UVB-mediated oxidative stress damage of HaCaT through the induction of autophagy.
Does genetic risk modify the effect of skin screening on melanoma detection rates?
Authors: Pandeya Nirmala , Dusingize Jean Claude , Olsen Catherine M , MacGregor Stuart , Neale Rachel E , Law Matthew H , Whiteman David C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Skin screening is associated with higher melanoma detection rates, a potential indicator of overdiagnosis, but it remains possible that this effect is due to confounding by genetic risk.

Objectives
To compare melanoma incidence among screened vs. unscreened participants within tertiles of genetic risk.

Methods
We investigated melanoma incidence in the QSkin study, a prospective cohort study which for this analysis comprised 15 283 participants aged 40–69 years with genotype data and no prior history of melanoma. We calculated a polygenic score (PGS) for melanoma. We first calculated the age-standardized rate (ASR) of melanoma within PGS tertiles, and then measured the association between skin examination and melanoma detection by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), overall and within PGS tertiles.

Results
Melanoma incidence increased with PGS (ASR per 100 000 per year): tertile 1 = 442; tertile 2 = 519; tertile 3 = 871. We found that the HRs for all melanomas (i.e. in situ and invasive) associated with skin examination differed slightly across PGS tertiles [age- and sex-adjusted tertile 1 HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.26–2.81); tertile 2 HR 1.70 (95% CI 1.20–2.41); tertile 3 HR 1.96 (95% CI 1.43–2.70); fully adjusted tertile 1 HR 1.14 (95% CI 0.74–1.75); tertile 2 HR 1.21 (95% CI 0.82–1.78); tertile 3 HR 1.41 (95% CI 1.00–1.98)], but these differences were not statistically significant. HRs for in situ melanoma associated with skin examination were similar across PGS tertiles. For invasive melanomas, the point estimates appeared to be highest in PGS tertile 3 in both the minimally adjusted (age, sex) and fully adjusted models; however, these apparent differences were also not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Genetic risk predicts subsequent melanoma incidence, and is weakly associated with screening behaviour, but it does not explain the higher rate of melanoma detection between screened and unscreened people.
Addressing the challenges facing the paramedic profession in the United Kingdom
Authors: Eaton Georgette 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The paramedic profession within the United Kingdom has been evolving at pace over the last 20 years. While they are most associated with their work in ambulance services, paramedics are now found throughout a range of clinical and academic settings.

Sources of data
Literature Review.

Areas of agreement
Despite emergence of the paramedic across the healthcare workforce, the understanding and awareness of the professional role and capabilities is poor. This could be due to a lack of representation within senior leadership roles and within health and social care policy.

Areas of controversy
Understanding of the paramedic professional identity, from a philosophical and sociological perspective, remains incomplete.

Growing points
A challenge for the future is to explore how the paramedic role can continue to develop across a range of clinical settings, while retaining its sui generis professional identity.

Areas timely for developing research
Research to establish perspectives of and about the paramedic profession may assist in developing an understanding of identity and its place within the wider healthcare workforce.
Conventions, markets and industry evolution: the example of the wind turbine industry in Germany 1977–2021
Authors: Menzel Max-Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Markets are drivers of evolutionary change. They link social norms to the evolution of an industry. The study uses a process tracing approach to identify two mechanisms of this link. The first mechanism describes how different conventions change the construction of markets. The second mechanism describes how the changing principles of evaluation influence the resource construction of firms and thus the life cycle of the industry. The empirical example is the wind turbine industry in Germany from 1977 to 2021. The development of the industry can be divided into different phases shaped by different conventions, each affecting market construction and industry evolution in different ways.
Occupancy of Bombus affinis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Minnesota is highest in developed areas when standardized surveys are employed
Authors: Boone Michelle L , Portman Zachary M , Lane Ian , Rao Sujaya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mounting evidence of bumble bee declines and the listing of the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis Cresson) as federally endangered in the United States in 2017 and Canada in 2012 has stimulated an interest in monitoring and conservation. Understanding the influence of land use on occupancy patterns of imperiled species is crucial to successful recovery planning. Using detection data from community surveys, we assessed land use associations for 7 bumble bee species in Minnesota, USA, including B. affinis. We used multispecies occupancy models to assess the effect of 3 major land use types (developed, agricultural, and natural) within 0.5 and 1.5 km on occupancy of 7 Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species, while accounting for detection uncertainty. We found that B. affinis occupancy and detection were highest in developed landscapes and lowest in agricultural landscapes, representing an inverse relationship with the relative landcover ratios of these landscapes in Minnesota. Occupancy of 2 bumble bee species had strong positive associations with natural landscapes within 1.5 km and 2 species had strong negative associations with agricultural landscapes within 1.5 km. Our results suggest that best practices for imperiled Bombus monitoring and recovery planning depends upon the surrounding major land use patterns. We provide recommendations for urban planning to support B. affinis based on conservation success in the metropolitan areas of Minneapolis-St. Paul. We also encourage substantial survey effort be employed in agricultural and natural regions of the state historically occupied by B. affinis to determine the current occupancy state.
The impact of annuloplasty ring or band implantation on post-repair mitral valve haemodynamic performance
Authors: Tomšič Anton , Sandoval Elena , Meucci Maria C , Nabeta Takeru , Castella Manuel , Muro Anna , Klautz Robert J M , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Pereda Daniel , Palmen Meindert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The clinical importance of optimal post-repair mitral valve diastolic performance is increasingly being recognized. The haemodynamic effect of a partial annuloplasty band implantation, in comparison to a full ring, remains insufficiently explored.

METHODS
Patients undergoing mitral valve repair for pure degenerative disease between 2011 and 2019 at 2 experienced heart valve centres were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were concomitant procedures other than tricuspid valve repair and ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation. Pre-discharge and follow-up echocardiograms (1–4 years after surgery) were analysed to assess haemodynamic mitral valve performance.

RESULTS
Of 535 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 364 (68.0%) patients underwent full annuloplasty ring and 171 (31.0%) partial band implantation. On predischarge echocardiogram, post-repair mitral valve gradient and area did not differ between groups [2.89 mmHg (IQR 2.26–3.72) vs 2.60 mmHg (IQR 1.91–3.55), P = 0.19 and 1.98 cm2 (IQR 1.66–2.46) vs 2.03 cm2 (IQR 1.55–3.06), P = 0.15]. However, multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated band annuloplasty as a determinant of larger valve area (coefficient 0.467 cm2, standard error 0.105, P &lt; 0.001). On multivariable analysis, no significant impact on post-repair gradient was observed (–0.370 mmHg, standard error 0.167, P = 0.36). At follow-up, the differences between groups disappeared and multivariable regression analysis failed to demonstrate a significant impact of annuloplasty device type on mitral valve gradient (coefficient –0.095 mmHg, standard error 0.171, P = 1.00) or area (coefficient –0.085 cm2, standard error 0.120, P = 1.00). These results were confirmed with a linear mixed model analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Partial band annuloplasty was related to an improved haemodynamic profile directly after valve repair for degenerative disease but the effect was short-lived. Our results suggest that the type of annuloplasty device has no durable impact on diastolic valve performance.
Mapping structures on the core–mantle boundary using Sdiff postcursors: Part II. Application to the Hawaiian ULVZ
Authors: Martin Carl , Bodin Thomas , Cottaar Sanne 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
We present a new data set of nearly 100 earthquakes which show clear evidence of the Hawaiian ultra-low velocity zone (ULVZ) in the S core-diffracted phase (Sdiff), representing the most comprehensive Sdiff data set of a ULVZ to date. Using a Bayesian inversion approach, as outlined in Martin et al., and a subset of the data set, we characterise the 2-D morphology and velocity of the Hawaiian ULVZ. The results suggest that the ULVZ is smaller than previously estimated, with an elliptical shape, and oriented along the direction of the large low-shear velocity province boundary. Using forward modelling, we infer that the ULVZ has a height of 25 km and shear velocity reduction of 25 %.
A Laboratory-Developed Assay for Clade II Human Mpox Virus on the Panther Fusion Open Access System
Authors: Villa Rebecca D , Pentella Michael A , Benfer Jeffrey L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the methods for developing and optimizing a laboratory-developed assay (LDA) for detecting clade II human mpox virus using the automated Panther Fusion platform and Open Access software. Various concentrations of reagents in a primer-probe mix were tested to optimize the LDA. The LDA was validated using 10 previously characterized positive and 10 negative human mpox samples, resulting in 95% accuracy and 100% precision. The LDA resulted in 100% specificity among previously tested HSV1-, HSV2-, and VZV-positive human samples. Several spiked media extensions were also validated and achieved 98% accuracy and 100% precision across all collection media types. The assay's limit of detection was calculated to be 1.475 copies/reaction, and the polymerase chain reaction efficiency resulted in 89.87% (slope, −3.5911; R2 = 0.9947). The methods described here can be applied to the rapid optimization and development of LDAs for many possible pathogens of public health importance.
Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Threshold to Guide Preemptive Therapy in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Correlation With Cytomegalovirus Disease
Authors: Sadowska-Klasa Alicja , Leisenring Wendy M , Limaye Ajit P , Boeckh Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A systematic review of randomized and observational studies from 2013 to 2023 demonstrated that antiviral preemptive therapy started at cytomegalovirus viral load thresholds between 2 and 3 log10 IU/mL was associated with similar cytomegalovirus disease rates. Thus, viral thresholds in this range appear to effectively protect patients not receiving prophylaxis.
Randomized Field Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in School-Aged Children in Bandiagara, Mali
Authors: Traore Karim , Coulibaly Drissa , Kone Abdoulaye K , Guindo Boureima , Traore Souleymane , Kouriba Kindie , Djimde Moussa , Thera Mahamadou Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Owing to the increased cases of malaria in older children, the World Health Organization has recently recommended extending seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) to children &gt;5 years of age and using other effective drugs for malaria. In this study, we report the safety and efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) for SMC in school-aged children in Mali.

Method
This randomized, controlled trial included 345 participants aged 6–15 years randomized to receive DHA-PQ, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SP-AQ), or no chemoprevention (albendazole) at a 1:1:1 ratio. Four rounds of SMC were conducted from September to December 2021. The participants were assessed 7 days after each round for safety and efficacy of the interventions.

Results
Abdominal pain (11.8% vs 29.2%), headache (11.2% vs 19.2%), and vomiting (5.7% vs 15.2%) were frequently reported in the DHA-PQ and SP-AQ arms. On Day 120 of follow up, the incidence of clinical malaria was 0.01 episodes/person-month in the DHA-PQ and SP-AQ arms and 0.17 episodes/person-month in the control arm (P &lt; .0001). Gametocytes were detected in 37 participants in all arms.

Conclusions
Children in DHA-PQ arm reported less adverse events compared to the SP-AQ arm. Both drugs were effective against clinical malaria and infection.
Do Eyes in the Sky Ensure Peace on the Ground? The Uncertain Contributions of Remote Sensing to Ceasefire Compliance
Authors: Sticher Valerie , Verjee Aly 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn many conflicts, international ceasefire monitors are deployed to mitigate future violence. Increasingly, such monitors use satellite imagery, uncrewed aerial vehicles, and other camera-equipped assets to supplement, and sometimes substitute, human monitoring efforts to document ceasefire violations. To date, we know little about when and how such technology contributes to ceasefire compliance, with scholars offering diverging assessments of the effects. Integrating scholarship on the use of remote sensing in ceasefire monitoring with theories on the causal processes underlying ceasefire monitoring, this analytical essay offers a framework to assess the contribution of remote sensing to ceasefire compliance and illustrates the empirical application of this framework by examining the most technologically advanced ceasefire monitoring mission yet deployed, the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine. Focusing on the period prior to the Russian invasion of 2022, our research finds that while the mission’s observational power was expanded, remote sensing technologies ultimately had little effect on modifying conflict party behavior or compliance. While in this case remote sensing technology minimally increased compliance, the study contributes to debates on the use of technology as a conflict management tool, and provides an assessment framework for scholars and for policymakers considering adopting technology in other monitoring contexts.