bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: Young Kelly Z. , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Gudjonsson Johann E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, immune‐mediated skin disease that affects over 3% of adults in the United States. Psoriasis can present in several clinical forms. Of these, generalized pustular psoriasis is an acute, severe form, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unlike the more common plaque psoriasis, which is thought to feature dysregulation of the adaptive immune system, generalized pustular psoriasis reflects heightened autoinflammatory responses. Recent advances in genetic and immunological studies highlight a key role of the IL‐36 immune axis in the pathogenesis of generalized pustular psoriasis. In this article, we review the psoriatic subtypes and discuss diagnostic criteria of generalized pustular psoriasis, discuss several newly identified genetic variants associated with pustular disease in the skin, and discuss how these mutations shed light on pustular disease mechanisms. Furthermore, we gather insights from recent transcriptomic studies that similarly implicate a pathogenic role of the IL‐36 immune axis in generalized pustular psoriasis.
A carbonate corrosion experiment at a marine methane seep: The role of aerobic methanotrophic bacteria
Authors: Cordova‐Gonzalez Alexmar , Birgel Daniel , Wisshak Max , Urich Tim , Brinkmann Florian , Marcon Yann , Bohrmann Gerhard , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMethane seeps are typified by the formation of authigenic carbonates, many of which exhibit corrosion surfaces and secondary porosity believed to be caused by microbial carbonate dissolution. Aerobic methane oxidation and sulfur oxidation are two processes capable of inducing carbonate corrosion at methane seeps. Although the potential of aerobic methanotrophy to dissolve carbonate was confirmed in laboratory experiments, this process has not been studied in the environment to date. Here, we report on a carbonate corrosion experiment carried out in the REGAB Pockmark, Gabon‐Congo‐Angola passive margin, in which marble cubes were deployed for 2.5 years at two sites (CAB‐B and CAB‐C) with apparent active methane seepage and one site (CAB‐D) without methane seepage. Marble cubes exposed to active seepage (experiment CAB‐C) were found to be affected by a new type of microbioerosion. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the biofilms adhering to the bioeroded marble mostly consisted of aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, predominantly belonging to the uncultured Hyd24‐01 clade. The presence of abundant 13C‐depleted lipid biomarkers including fatty acids (n‐C16:1ω8c, n‐C18:1ω8c, n‐C16:1ω5t), various 4‐mono‐ and 4,4‐dimethyl sterols, and diplopterol agrees with the dominance of aerobic methanotrophs in the CAB‐C biofilms. Among the lipids of aerobic methanotrophs, the uncommon 4α‐methylcholest‐8(14)‐en‐3β,25‐diol is interpreted to be a specific biomarker for the Hyd24‐01 clade. The combination of textural, genetic, and organic geochemical evidence suggests that aerobic methanotrophs are the main drivers of carbonate dissolution observed in the CAB‐C experiment at the REGAB pockmark.
Challenges and policies for promoting internationalization—The case of Iranian public universities
Authors: Moshtari Mohammad , Delbakhsh Sorour , Ghorbani Maryam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe global knowledge economy has turned higher education into a key player in societal development. Internationalization benefits higher education institutions in several aspects, such as improvement and visibility in international rankings, revenue generation via tuition fees and external funding, improvement of research and teaching quality, integration with academic communities and familiarization with scholarly attitudes. In this study, we provide insights into the challenges of internationalization faced by higher education institutions in Iran as a developing country. Several policies and practices have been adopted in Iran to improve internationalization efforts; however, these activities have had little impact on the quality of research and educational programs at Iran's universities. Understanding the challenges they face in a systematic way can help identify different factors and develop a set of suggestions to increase the quality and quantity of international cooperation. We formulate our suggestions based on the opportunities provided by the digitalization solutions in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the increasing importance of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals in both global and national environments. We interviewed 15 faculty members in Iranian higher education institutions and 14 managers in charge of international affairs at universities in Iran. In addition, data extracted from three forums on Iranian higher education internationalization are analysed. Using a grounded theory approach, we group the challenges into macro‐, institutional and individual levels and then suggest a number of practices and policies to increase the quantity and quality of internationalization efforts.
Pickering emulsion co‐stabilised by cellulose nanocrystals and astragalin/tangeretin: effect of environmental factors
Authors: Shi Yingping , Sun Hongnan , Mu Taihua , Sun Aidong , Zhu Lili 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis study aims to reveal the stability of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and astragalin/tangeretin co‐stabilised Pickering emulsion under different environmental factors such as ionic strengths, pH values, thermal treatment, freeze–thaw treatment, sodium ascorbate, and storage condition. Results showed that the astragalin and CNCs co‐stabilised Pickering emulsion (AST‐CPE) could maintain a stable appearance, typical spherical morphology droplets, and steady physical stability under various conditions, including ionic strength at low 20 mm, pH values 2–8, thermal treatment (65, 85, and 135 °C), the addition of sodium ascorbate, and storage at 4 °C for 35 days. It is noteworthy that AST‐CPE showed higher emulsion physical stability at pH 2 (56.67%) and pH 8 (53.33%). The co‐stabilised Pickering emulsion structure has a firm and physically stable system. Moreover, it could effectively protect the bioactive substance by expanding its application in food delivery vehicles.
The long‐term experience of being a family caregiver of patients surgically treated for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Ringborg Cecilia H. , Wengström Yvonne , Schandl Anna , Lagergren Pernilla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of being family caregivers of patients treated for oesophageal cancer 2 years after treatment. To better understand the family caregiver's situation, a conceptual model was used in the analysis. The results of the study can guide future interventions to support family caregivers of patients treated for oesophageal cancer.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using semi‐structured telephone interviews. An abductive approach was used in the analysis to reach deeper knowledge about the family caregivers' experiences and to better understand deeper patterns.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted and included 13 family caregivers of patients surgically treated for oesophageal cancer in Sweden in 2018 who participated in a population‐based nationwide cohort study. Individual telephone interviews were held in 2020, 2 years after the patients' surgery. The analysis of the interviews started with an inductive approach using thematic analysis. Thereafter, a deductive approach was used to interpret the findings in relation to the conceptual model, The Cancer Family Caregiving Experience.ResultsThe most essential/evident stress factors for the family caregivers were distress regarding the patients' nutrition, fear of tumour recurrence and worry about the future. In addition, a transition was experienced, going from a family member to a caregiver, and the many psychosocial aspects of this transition were highlighted during the disease trajectory.ConclusionDespite, the long‐term survival of the patient, family caregivers were still struggling with psychosocial consequences because of the patient's cancer diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, there is a need to improve supportive interventions for family caregivers during the whole disease trajectory.ImpactThe current study includes comprehensive information about the family caregivers' experiences when caring for a patient treated for oesophageal cancer. Family caregivers struggle with the psychosocial consequences of the patient's cancer and worry about tumour recurrence even 2 years after surgery. These findings can be useful in the development of supportive interventions, which may facilitate life for family caregivers.Patient or Public ContributionThe study was discussed and planned together with our research partnership group including patients and family caregivers. In addition, the manuscript was reviewed by some of the members to cross‐check the results and discussed them to avoid misinterpretation.
The clinical decision‐making process involved in end of life care for people with dementia in primary care: A protocol paper
Authors: Smith Cathryn , Gill Paul , Baillie Jessica 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis article is a report of a study protocol designed to explore what factors inform healthcare professionals' clinical decision‐making when providing end of life care for people with dementia in primary care.DesignThe proposed study will adopt a qualitative study design, utilizing an ethnographic approach.MethodsA mixed sample group of registered healthcare professionals, including district nurses, specialist nurses and general practitioners, will be purposively sampled and recruited from one health board in Wales, which will cover three settings in primary care. A multi‐method approach will be utilized to provide rich data, including non‐participant observation, semi‐structured interviews, and review of key documents. Data will be managed using NVivo 12 and analysed thematically. Ethics approval was gained in April 2022.DiscussionLittle is known about the end of life care decision‐making process of healthcare professionals caring for people with dementia in primary care settings. This study will therefore address this pertinent gap. The study findings may also be transferable to healthcare professionals working in similar clinical settings across the UK.ImpactIt is anticipated that this study will inform the subsequent development of an intervention that can be used by healthcare professionals to support decision making and subsequently the provision of quality end of life care in primary care for people with dementia.
Does the microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of colonic diverticular disease? A systematic review
Authors: Cameron Raquel , Duncanson Kerith , Hoedt Emily C , Eslick Guy D , Burns Grace L , Nieva Cheenie , Keely Simon , Walker Marjorie M , Talley Nicholas J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe role of the microbiota in diverticulosis and diverticular disease is underexplored. This systematic review aimed to assess all literature pertaining to the microbiota and metabolome associations in asymptomatic diverticulosis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and diverticulitis pathophysiology.MethodsSeven databases were searched for relevant studies published up to September 28, 2022. Data were screened in Covidence and extracted to Excel. Critical appraisal was undertaken using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for case/control studies.ResultsOf the 413 papers screened by title and abstract, 48 full‐text papers were reviewed in detail with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Overall, alpha and beta diversity were unchanged in diverticulosis; however, significant changes in alpha diversity were evident in diverticulitis. A similar Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio compared with controls was reported across studies. The genus‐level comparisons showed no relationship with diverticular disease. Butyrate‐producing microbial species were decreased in abundance, suggesting a possible contribution to the pathogenesis of diverticular disease. Comamonas species was significantly increased in asymptomatic diverticulosis patients who later developed diverticulitis. Metabolome analysis reported significant differences in diverticulosis and SUDD, with upregulated uracil being the most consistent outcome in both. No significant differences were reported in the mycobiome.ConclusionOverall, there is no convincing evidence of microbial dysbiosis in colonic diverticula to suggest that the microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of asymptomatic diverticulosis, SUDD, or diverticular disease. Future research investigating microbiota involvement in colonic diverticula should consider an investigation of mucosa‐associated microbial changes within the colonic diverticulum itself.
“Why wait?”: Early marriage among Southern college students
Authors: Allison Rachel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this analysis is to understand why young adult students in the US South marry in college or shortly afterwards.BackgroundWhile the median age at first marriage in the United States has risen and marriage delay has become culturally normative, a substantial minority of young adults marry in their late teens or early 20's, particularly in the US South. Young adult college students who marry negotiate conflicting imperatives of marriage and educational attainment, and how these are negotiated or resolved sheds light on the social, cultural, and economic forces that inform family formation.MethodThis study draws from in‐depth interviews conducted with 45 18–23‐year‐old engaged or married college students in Mississippi.ResultsEntering college, most participants had expected to marry close to median ages, with marriage perceived as a hindrance to educational achievement. This marriage timeline was negotiated downwards with the influence of four interrelated factors: personal orientation to marriage; a marriage‐oriented culture, being in the “right” relationship; and social and financial supports for marriage.ConclusionThe norm of marriage delay that these young adults embraced became perceived as inapplicable given evidence that marriage would not compromise college completion or financial stability. There were also social and cultural pressures toward marriage. “Why wait?” captures participants' sense of few barriers but clear incentives to marriage. Incentives were sometimes financial but also social, as marriage enabled students to establish themselves as more mature than peers.
Rural communities face more than an opioid crisis: Reimagining funding assistance to address polysubstance use, associated health problems, and limited rural service capacity
Authors: Carpenedo Mun Carolyn , Schuler Heather , Baker Robin , Byrne Fraser , Bresani Elena , Meyers Kathleen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeRural communities in the United States face unique challenges related to the opioid epidemic. This paper explores the substances and substance‐related health problems that pose the greatest concern to rural communities that received funding to address the opioid epidemic and examines their reported capacity to address these challenges.MethodsThis paper analyzed data collected as part of quarterly progress reporting from multisector consortiums across 2 cohorts of grantees funded to reduce the morbidity and mortality of opioids. Consortium project directors ranked the top 3 issues in their community in each of the following categories: (1) drugs of concern; (2) drugs with the least capacity to address; (3) related problem areas of concern (eg, neonatal abstinence syndrome [NAS]); and (4) related problem areas with the least capacity to address.FindingsMethamphetamines, fentanyl, and alcohol were the substances rated as most problematic in rural communities funded to address the opioid epidemic across all reporting periods. Over 40% of respondents ranked methamphetamine as a top concern and the substance they had the least capacity to address. This was nearly double the percentage of the next highest‐ranked substance (fentanyl). Overdoses, NAS, and viral hepatitis constituted the top‐ranking related concerns, with limited capacity to address them.ConclusionsMultiple drug and concomitant problems coalesced on rural communities during the opioid epidemic. Funding communities to address substance use disorders and related problems of concern, rather than targeting funding toward a specific type of drug, may result in better health outcomes throughout the entire community.
When to Preach About Poverty: How Location, Race, and Ideology Shape White Evangelical Sermons
Authors: Guhin Jeffrey , Holman Mirya , Coan Travis , Boussalis Constantine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial scientists have long been interested in how intergroup contact or elite messaging can reduce or eliminate racial biases. To better understand the role of religious elites in these political questions, we show how a church location's income and racial characteristics interact with racial and economic ideologies to shape the political content of sermons. Testing our theories through both quantitative and qualitative analysis of an original data set of more than 102,000 sermons from more than 5200 pastors, we show that contact is only effective as a means of decreasing prejudice to the extent that actors—in our case, pastors—are ideologically capable of reconciling their potential role in economic inequality. White Evangelical pastors rarely preach about issues of poverty or racial justice overall, but the context of the preaching matters. We find that the greater the share of Black population there is in a church community, the less likely White Evangelical pastors are to mention issues of poverty or racial justice, and when they do mention it, they hold to ideological commitments that avoid blaming systems for racialized economic inequality.
Artificial intelligence as object of intellectual property in Indonesian law
Authors: Ramli Tasya S. , Ramli Ahmad M. , Mayana Ranti F. , Ramadayanti Ega , Fauzi Rizki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has an important role in digital transformation worldwide, including in Indonesia. AI itself is a simulation of human intelligence that is modeled in machines and programmed to think like humans. At the time AI and the Internet of Things are connected, it can, in principle, act on data without the need for human intervention. AI was originally created by humans as a consequence of the massive digital revolution. Recently, AI has also developed rapidly to perform functions like humans and even produce works of intellectual property like humans, such as creating songs, making new inventions, making industrial designs, and so on. Thus, it is a question whether AI can be qualified as a legal subject of creator, inventor or designer and then register as intellectual property. This research answers this question from the perspective of Indonesian law based on Copyright Law, Patent Law, Industrial Design Law, as well as Trademark Law, and Geographical Indications as the existing Indonesian laws.
Standardised and referenced acoustic monitoring reliably estimates bat fatalities at wind turbines: comments on ‘Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats’
Authors: Behr Oliver , Barré Kévin , Bontadina Fabio , Brinkmann Robert , Dietz Markus , Disca Thierry , Froidevaux Jérémy S. P. , Ghanem Simon , Huemer Senta , Hurst Johanna , Kaminsky Stefan K. , Kelm Volker , Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi , Lauper Mirco , Lintott Paul , Newman Christian , Peterson Trevor , Proksch Jasmin , Roemer Charlotte , Schorcht Wigbert , Nagy Martina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVoigt et al. (2021) provide a thorough analysis of the restrictions inherent to the estimation of bat abundance from acoustic surveys, and conclude that limitations of acoustic monitoring impede the reliable evaluation of bat fatalities at wind turbines. We argue that acoustic data recorded at the nacelle of wind turbines have been experimentally validated as a useful and appropriate measure of bat collisions. Therefore, acoustic data can be used to estimate bat fatalities at wind turbines, provided a referenced and standardised protocol for data acquisition and analysis is used.
Smoothing out the misconceptions of the role of bark roughness in vascular epiphyte attachment
Authors: Tay Jessica Y. L. , Zotz Gerhard , Einzmann Helena J. R. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryVascular epiphytes represent c. 10% of all vascular plant species. In epiphytes, attachment is essential for survival throughout consecutive ontogenetic stages of their life, starting with: (1) initial propagule attachment to the host; followed by (2) the development of first root‐substrate connections; and (3) maintenance of this attachment despite increased size and mechanical disturbances by rain, wind, or crossing animals. Although structural dependence on a host is a defining characteristic of an epiphyte, the fundamental mechanism(s) of how these plants initially attach and remain attached to their hosts remain poorly understood. Bark characteristics such as stability and roughness have been highlighted as keys to an understanding of this connection. Here, we stress that the understanding of how an epiphyte attaches itself to the substrate is central for a meaningful quantification and interpretation of bark roughness. Without explicit information on the attachment mechanism or the relative sizes of the attaching structures, simply linking a haphazardly chosen index of bark roughness to epiphyte establishment is flawed. This review introduces a conceptual framework to explain the mechanistic link between epiphytes and host in different ontogenetic stages and should guide future work designed to improve our understanding of this vital part of epiphyte ecology.
Oral lesions with immunohistochemical evidence of Sars‐CoV‐2 in swab‐negative post‐COVID syndrome
Authors: Limongelli Luisa , Favia Gianfranco , Maiorano Eugenio , D'Amati Antonio , Pispero Alberto , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Barile Giuseppe , Tempesta Angela , Dell'Olio Fabio , Siciliani Rosaria Arianna , Capodiferro Saverio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesGrowing evidence exists about post‐COVID condition/syndrome as sequelae of Sars‐CoV‐2 infection in healed patients, possibly involving the lungs, brain, kidney, cardiovascular and neuromuscular system, as well the persistency of taste dysfunction. Such symptoms develop during or after infection and continue for more than 12 weeks with pathogenesis related to virus persistency but variable by organs or systems.Materials and MethodsWe recently observed six patients recovered from COVID‐19 and with negative RT‐PCR testing, showing oral mucosa lesions (mainly ulcers) overlapping those occurring in the acute phase, persisting up to 20 days and thus needing a biopsy with histological investigation and spike protein evaluation by immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe found epithelial ulceration, inflammatory infiltrate, vessels with increased diameter and flattened endothelium but no thrombi formation; also, we found a weak epithelial SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity limited to the basal/spinosum layers, progressively decreasing toward the periphery, and the intraepithelial lymphomonocytes, endothelium, and perivascular pericytes too.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that SARS‐CoV‐2 can persist, as for other organs/systems, also in the oral epithelium/mucosa after the acute phase and can be responsible for lesions, although by a pathogenetic mechanism that should be better defined but certainly referable as the oral mucosa counterpart of post‐COVID syndrome.