bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of obturation quality in natural and replica teeth root-filled using different sealers and techniques
Authors: Kooanantkul Chuta , Shelton Richard M , Camilleri Josette 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to assess the obturation efficacy of sealers placed with different techniques using microcomputed tomography (µCT) and assess the influence of µCT testing parameters on the obturation data obtained.

Materials and methods
Incisors and mesial roots of lower molars with standardized root length were scanned using µCT, and one tooth of each type was 3D printed in acrylic. Two obturation techniques (warm vertical and single cone) and 4 sealer types (AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, Totalfill BC, and Bio-C Sealers) were assessed following storage in Hank’s balanced salt solution for 3 and 6 months by assessing gap and void volume percentages on both natural and replica incisor and molar roots. The storage solution was analysed to assess calcium ion leaching. The influence of temperature, tooth positioning, and moisture content of the teeth while µCT scanning was also investigated.

Results
The obturation quality in the incisor group was the same using both natural teeth and replicas (p > 0.05). No changes in void volume were identified when comparing the same sealer using different obturation techniques. The premixed sealers used in single-cone obturation exhibited high void volume in the 3D printed replicas in the long term. The temperature, positioning, and moisture content of the teeth did not affect the outcome of µCT testing.

Conclusions
BioRoot RCS, Totalfill BC, and Bio-C Sealers are suitable for obturation of both complex and simple root canal systems using different obturation techniques with BioRoot RCS exhibiting the highest calcium ion release. 3D printed acrylic teeth can be used to assess the obturation quality in uncomplicated root canal systems. µCT parameters had no significant effect on the µCT measurement.

Clinical relevance
The single-cone obturation technique with hydraulic sealer is a simple technique that can be used for obturation of all root canal systems.
Emotion processing in maltreated boys and girls: Evidence for latent vulnerability
Authors: Diaconu Bianca , Kohls Gregor , Rogers Jack C. , Pauli Ruth , Cornwell Harriet , Bernhard Anka , Martinelli Anne , Ackermann Katharina , Fann Nikola , Fernandez-Rivas Aranzazu , Gonzalez-Torres Miguel Angel , Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa Maider , Hervas Amaia , Stadler Christina , Konrad Kerstin , Freitag Christine M. , Fairchild Graeme , Rotshtein Pia , De Brito Stephane A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvidence of alterations in emotion processing in maltreated youth has been hypothesized to reflect latent vulnerability for psychopathology. However, previous studies have not systematically examined the influence of psychopathology on the results. Here, we examined emotion recognition and learning in youth who differed in terms of presence vs. absence of maltreatment and psychopathology and tested for potential sex effects. Maltreatment and psychopathology were assessed in 828 youth (514 females) aged 9–18 years using diagnostic interviews and self- and parent-report questionnaires. Emotion recognition was assessed via identification of morphed facial expressions of six universal emotions. For emotion learning, reward and punishment values were assigned to novel stimuli and participants had to learn to correctly respond/withhold response to stimuli to maximize points. A three-way interaction of maltreatment by psychopathology by emotion indicated that when psychopathology was low, maltreated youth were less accurate than non-maltreated youth for happy, fear and disgust. A three-way interaction of sex, maltreatment and emotion indicated that maltreated girls and boys were impaired for fear, but girls showed an impairment for happy, while boys for disgust. There were no effects of maltreatment, psychopathology, or sex on reward learning. However, a two-way interaction between sex and maltreatment showed that maltreated girls were worse at learning from punishment relative to non-maltreated girls, while maltreated boys were better than non-maltreated boys. The study provides the first clear evidence of latent-vulnerability in emotion recognition in maltreated youth and suggests that girls and boys might be characterized by distinct profiles of emotion recognition and learning following maltreatment.
Autoimmunity and hernia mesh: fact or fiction?
Authors: Jisova B. , Wolesky J. , Strizova Z. , de Beaux A. , East B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
There is an increasing number of patients following hernia surgery with implanted mesh reporting symptoms that could indicate autoimmune or allergic reactions to mesh. ‘Allergy’ to metals, various drugs, and chemicals is well recognised. However, hypersensitivity, allergy or autoimmunity caused by surgical mesh has not been proven by a scientific method to date. The aim of this study was twofold: to describe the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and foreign body reaction and to undertake a systematic review of surgical mesh implanted at the time of hernia repair and the subsequent development of autoimmune disease.

Methods
A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was undertaken. Pubmed (Medline), Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched for all English-written peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021. The search was performed using the keywords “hernia”, “mesh”, “autoimmunity”, “ASIA”, “immune response”, “autoimmune response”.

Results
Seven papers were included in the final analysis—three systematic reviews, three cohort studies and one case report. Much of the current data regarding the association of hernia mesh and autoimmunity relies on retrospective cohort studies and/or case reports with limited availability of cofounding factor data linked to autoimmune disease such as smoking status or indeed a detailed medical history of patients. Three systematic reviews have discussed this topic, each with a slightly different approach and none of them has identified causality between the use of mesh and the subsequent development of autoimmune disease.

Conclusion
There is little evidence that the use of polypropylene mesh can lead to autoimmunity. A large number of potential triggers of autoimmunity along with the genetic predisposition to autoimmune disease and the commonality of hernia, make a cause and effect difficult to unravel at present. Biomaterials cause foreign body reactions, but a chronic foreign body reaction does not indicate autoimmunity, a common misunderstanding in the literature.
New technologies for the classification of proximal humeral fractures: Comparison between Virtual Reality and 3D printed models—a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Almirón Santa-Bárbara Rafael , García Rivera Francisco , Lamb Maurice , Víquez Da-Silva Rodrigo , Gutiérrez Bedmar Mario 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCorrect classification of fractures according to their patterns is critical for developing a treatment plan in orthopaedic surgery. Unfortunately, for proximal humeral fractures (PHF), methods for proper classification have remained a jigsaw puzzle that has not yet been fully solved despite numerous proposed classifications and diagnostic methods. Recently, many studies have suggested that three-dimensional printed models (3DPM) can improve the interobserver agreement on PHF classifications. Moreover, Virtual Reality (VR) has not been properly studied for classification of shoulder injuries. The current study investigates the PHF classification accuracy relative to an expert committee when using either 3DPM or equivalent models displayed in VR among 36 orthopaedic surgery residents from different hospitals. We designed a multicentric randomised controlled trial in which we created two groups: a group exposed to a total of 34 3DPM and another exposed to VR equivalents. Association between classification accuracy and group assignment (VR/3DPM) was assessed using mixed effects logistic regression models. The results showed VR can be considered a non-inferior technology for classifying PHF when compared to 3DPM. Moreover, VR may be preferable when considering possible time and resource savings along with potential uses of VR for presurgical planning in orthopaedics.
Study on Quality Control of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Enantiomers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Li , Huang Lingyi , Ke Yanbing , Xu Xiaowen , Huang Liying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims at developing a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method to analyze tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and its pharmaceutical preparations. Several cyclodextrin mobile-phase additives were applied to reversed-phase and normal-phase chromatography, and the effects of three chiral stationary phases on the TDF separation were investigated in this study. The R-type and S-type of TDF tablets were quantitatively analyzed in the single ion monitoring (SIM) scanning mode with a Unichiral CMD column. This method has been successfully applied to the separation and quantification of TDF and its isomers. The linear ranges of (R)-TDF and (S)-enantiomer were 1–20 and 0.2–16 μg/mL, respectively. The limit of detection for (R)-TDF and (S)-enantiomer was 0.0015 and 0.0012 μg/mL, respectively. (S)-enantiomer was not detected in the formulas from all the seven manufacturers, and the drug content of each took more than 98.5% of the labeled amount, which complies with the regulations. The method shows its advantages on high sensitivity, low detection limit, good practicability, and repeatability. The proposed method may provide a novel platform for separation of TDF enantiomers and quality control of TDF raw materials and preparations.
The numerical solution of fractional integral equations via orthogonal polynomials in fractional powers
Authors: Pu Tianyi , Fasondini Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a spectral method for one-sided linear fractional integral equations on a closed interval that achieves exponentially fast convergence for a variety of equations, including ones with irrational order, multiple fractional orders, non-trivial variable coefficients, and initial-boundary conditions. The method uses an orthogonal basis that we refer to as Jacobi fractional polynomials, which are obtained from an appropriate change of variable in weighted classical Jacobi polynomials. New algorithms for building the matrices used to represent fractional integration operators are presented and compared. Even though these algorithms are unstable and require the use of high-precision computations, the spectral method nonetheless yields well-conditioned linear systems and is therefore stable and efficient. For time-fractional heat and wave equations, we show that our method (which is not sparse but uses an orthogonal basis) outperforms a sparse spectral method (which uses a basis that is not orthogonal) due to its superior stability.
Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence in People Living with HIV: A pan-Canadian Survey
Authors: Costiniuk Cecilia T. , Singer Joel , Needham Judy , Yang Yanbo , Qian Hong , Chambers Catharine , Burchell Ann N. , Samji Hasina , Colmegna Ines , del Canto Sugandhi , Godin Guy-Henri , Habanyama Muluba , Hui Christian , Kroch Abigail , Mandarino Enrico , Margolese Shari , Martin Carrie , Owino Maureen , Mohammadi Tima , Zhang Wei , Pelaez Sandra , Kovacs Colin , Benko Erika , Vulesevic Branka , Cooper Curtis L. , Anis Aslam H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the roots of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in at-risk groups, such as persons living with HIV (PLWH), is of utmost importance. We developed a modified Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) questionnaire using items from the National Advisory Committee on Immunization Acceptability Matrix. To examine factors associated with receiving COVID-19 vaccine and the link between vaccine attitudes and beliefs with vaccine behavior, PLWH were recruited via social media and community-based organizations (February-May 2022). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results. Total VHS score was generated by adding Likert scale scores and linear regression models used to compare results between participants who received or did not receive COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with vaccine uptake. A total of 246 PLWH indicated whether they received a COVID-19 vaccine. 89% received ≥ 1 dose. Mean total VHS(SD) for persons having received ≥ 1 COVID-19 vaccine was 17.8(6.2) vs. 35.4(9.4) for participants not having received any COVID-19 vaccine. Persons who received ≥ 1 dose were significantly older than those who had not received any (48.4 ± 13.8 vs. 34.0 ± 7.7 years, p < 0.0001). The majority of participants considered COVID-19 vaccination important for their health(81.3%) and the health of others(84.4%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed the odds of taking ≥ 1dose were increased 2.4-fold [95% CI 1.6, 3.5] with each increase in age of 10 years (p < 0.0001). Sex and ethnicity were not different between groups. In conclusion, PLWH accept COVID-19 vaccines for both altruistic and individual reasons. With evolving recommendations and increasing numbers of booster vaccines, we must re-examine the needs of PLWH regularly.
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Persistence at a Diverse Sexual Health Clinic: Comparison of the pre-COVID-19 era to the COVID-19 era
Authors: Platt Laura , Shebl Fatma M. , Qian Yiqi , Spanos Nicholas , Nolan Cody P. , Ard Kevin L. , Bassett Ingrid V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic interrupted health care delivery and exacerbated disparities. Many sexual health clinics transitioned to telemedicine, including for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients at an urban sexual health clinic to assess the likelihood and predictors of PrEP persistence in the year following PrEP initiation. We compared patients starting PrEP in the four months preceding the first COVID surge to those starting PrEP one year prior. We found lower PrEP persistence in the COVID cohort compared to the pre-COVID cohort (50.8% vs. 68.9%, respectively). In both cohorts, most care was provided through in-person visits and telemedicine was rare. In the pre-COVID cohort, older patients and those identifying as non-Hispanic White were more likely to persist on PrEP. In the COVID cohort, these disparities in PrEP persistence were not observed. Flexible models of care may facilitate equitable care engagement and re-engagement.
Carbon emissions and sustainability in Covid-19’s waves: evidence from a two-state dynamic Markov-switching regression (MSR) model
Authors: Konstantakis Konstantinos N. , Michaelides Panayotis G. , Xidonas Panos , Yfanti Stavroula 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThroughout the world, carbon emissions have decreased in an unprecedented way as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a rebound effect in carbon emissions is anticipated following the extraction of information related to the beliefs of investors. A suitable Markov switching model is used in this paper to adapt the safe haven financial methodology to an environmental sustainability perspective. Analytically, the aforementioned situation is modeled by estimating a two-state dynamic Markov-Switching Regression (MSR), with a state-dependent intercept term to capture the dynamics of the series, across unobserved regimes. In light of the results of the research and the robustness checks, investors are anticipating a rebound effect on the total quantity of carbon emissions.
Improving the predictive accuracy of the cross-selling of consumer loans using deep learning networks
Authors: Boustani Noureddine , Emrouznejad Ali , Gholami Roya , Despic Ozren , Ioannou Athina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraditionally most cross-selling models in retail banking use demographics information and interactions with marketing as input to statistical models or machine learning algorithms to predict whether a customer is willing to purchase a given financial product or not. We overcome with such limitation by building several models that also use several years of account transaction data. The objective of this study is to analysis credit card transactions of customers, in order to come up with a good prediction in cross-selling products. We use deep-learning algorithm to analyze almost 800,000 credit cards transactions. The results show that such unique data contains valuable information on the customers’ consumption behavior and it can significantly increase the predictive accuracy of a cross-selling model. In summary, we develop an auto-encoder to extract features from the transaction data and use them as input to a classifier. We demonstrate that such features also have predictive power that enhances the performance of the cross-selling model even further.
SARS-COV-2 spike protein promotes RPE cell senescence via the ROS/P53/P21 pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Peng Xuyan , Xue Mengjiao , Liu Jingjing , Shang Guohui , Jiang Mingjun , Chen Dandan , Liu Baixue , Wang Yuxuan , Jia Xiaolin , Xu Jianqing , Zhang Fengyan , Hu Yanzhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSARS-Cov-2 infection, which has caused the COVID-19 global pandemic, triggers cellular senescence. In this study, we investigate the role of the SARS-COV-2 spike protein (S-protein) in regulating the senescence of RPE cells. The results showed that administration or overexpression of S-protein in ARPE-19 decreased cell proliferation with cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. S-protein increased SA-β-Gal positive ARPE-19 cells with high expression of P53 and P21, senescence-associated inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM, and VEGF), and ROS. Elimination of ROS by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or knocking down p21 by siRNA diminished S-protein-induced ARPE cell senescence. Both administrated and overexpressed S-protein colocalize with the ER and upregulate ER-stress-associated BIP, CHOP, ATF3, and ATF6 expression. S-protein induced P65 protein nuclear translocation. Inhibition of NF-κB by bay-11-7082 reduced S-protein-mediated expression of senescence-associated factors. Moreover, the intravitreal injection of S-protein upregulates senescence-associated inflammatory factors in the zebrafish retina. In conclusions, the S-protein of SARS-Cov-2 induces cellular senescence of ARPE-19 cells in vitro and the expression of senescence-associated cytokines in zebrafish retina in vivo likely by activating ER stress, ROS, and NF-κb. These results may uncover a potential association between SARS-cov-2 infection and development of AMD.
International agreement for the use and exchange of classical biological control genetic resources: a practical proposal
Authors: Mason Peter G. , Mc Kay Fernando , Silvestri Luciana C. , Hill Martin , Weyl Philip , Hinz Hariet L. , Brodeur Jacques , Vitorino Marcelo Diniz , Barratt Barbara I. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) was implemented to further develop the third objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Interpretation of this agreement is wide-ranging and there is concern that if ABS measures are poorly implemented biological control and the resultant public good will be greatly impeded. The ethos of multilateral use and exchange of genetic resources used in classical biological control will be particularly affected. In the spirit of the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, we propose a simple practical solution in the form of an international agreement on the use and exchange of classical biological control genetic resources.
Characterising uncertainty in risk assessments for biological control: using case studies from New Zealand to inform future research
Authors: Barratt B. I. P. , Meenken E. D. , Withers T. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAreas of uncertainty in the assessment of risks and benefits in applications for new biological control agents submitted to the regulator for proposed introduction into New Zealand were identified. This was done with the aim of informing future research priorities which might be able to address and reduce these areas of uncertainty to assist decision-making in the future. A sample of 20 applications received by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) between 2009 and 2019 were selected, with examples from weed and insect targets. Expressions of uncertainty were identified by applicants as well as the EPA staff assessment report of the application, and the final decision document prepared by the Authority’s committee. The most common risk uncertainties expressed were potential direct non-target effects (85%), cultural risks (75%), and whether there were existing (and possibly effective) natural enemies of the target already present in the new range (70%). Food web indirect effects and adequacy of host range testing were also mentioned in more than half of the case study applications and associated documents. For uncertainty relating to benefits, 75% of case studies mentioned uncertainty about the efficacy of the proposed biological control agent, or if the agent would be successful by establishing and spreading (60%). For several of the case studies questions were raised about the method of cost: benefit analyses that had been presented in the application. Recommendations for future research are presented.
On a large-stepsize integrator for charged-particle dynamics
Authors: Lubich Christian , Shi Yanyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractXiao and Qin (Comput Phys Commun 265:107981, 2021) recently proposed a remarkably simple modification of the Boris algorithm to compute the guiding centre of the highly oscillatory motion of a charged particle with step sizes that are much larger than the period of gyrorotations. They gave strong numerical evidence but no error analysis. This paper provides an analysis of the large-stepsize modified Boris method in a setting that has a strong non-uniform magnetic field and moderately bounded velocities, considered over a fixed finite time interval. The error analysis is based on comparing the modulated Fourier expansions of the exact and numerical solutions, for which the differential equations of the dominant terms are derived explicitly. Numerical experiments illustrate and complement the theoretical results.
Low-rank Parareal: a low-rank parallel-in-time integrator
Authors: Carrel Benjamin , Gander Martin J. , Vandereycken Bart 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, the Parareal algorithm is applied to evolution problems that admit good low-rank approximations and for which the dynamical low-rank approximation (DLRA) can be used as time stepper. Many discrete integrators for DLRA have recently been proposed, based on splitting the projected vector field or by applying projected Runge–Kutta methods. The cost and accuracy of these methods are mostly governed by the rank chosen for the approximation. These properties are used in a new method, called low-rank Parareal, in order to obtain a time-parallel DLRA solver for evolution problems. The algorithm is analyzed on affine linear problems and the results are illustrated numerically.