bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Off-Grid Lighting Business Models to Serve the Poor: Field Experiments and Structural Analysis
Authors: Uppari Bhavani Shanker , Netessine Serguei , Popescu Ioana , Clarke Rowan P. 
Published: July 2023

A significant proportion of the world’s population has no access to grid-based electricity and so relies on off-grid lighting solutions. Rechargeable lamp technology is gaining popularity as an alternative off-grid lighting model in developing countries. In this paper, we explore consumer behavior and the operational inefficiencies that result under this model. Specifically, we are interested in (i) measuring the impact of inconvenience (of traveling to recharge the lamp) along with the impact of liquidity constraints (because of poverty) on lamp usage and (ii) evaluating the efficacy of strategies that address these factors. We build a structural model of consumers’ recharge decisions that incorporates several operational features of the low-income regions. We conducted large-scale field experiments in Rwanda in partnership with a local rechargeable lamp operator and use the resultant data to estimate and test our model. We find that the complete removal of inconvenience and liquidity constraints from the current business model results in 73% and 126% increases in both recharges and revenue, thereby suggesting that these constraints are major sources of inefficiency. By implementing simple operations-based strategies—such as starting more recharge centers, visiting consumers periodically to collect their lamps for recharge, and allowing consumers to partially recharge their lamps and pay flexibly for the recharge—more than half the benefit of completely eliminating the inefficiencies can be attained. By contrast, the price- and capacity-based strategies that vary the economic variables (i.e., the amount paid per recharge and the amount of light obtained in return) but not the operational model perform far worse than the aforementioned strategies. Overall, our analysis emphasizes the importance of managing operations effectively even in markets with cash-constrained consumers, in which firms may have a natural tendency to focus more on reducing prices.This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.Funding: This work was supported by the International Growth Centre; Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; and Institut Européen d’Administration des Affaires; The Environment and Energy Partnership; Grand Challenges Canada (Stars in Global Health); INSEAD’s Emerging Markets Institute; INSEAD’s Randomized Controlled Trials Laboratory; the INSEAD–Wharton Alliance, and International Growth Centre.Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4844 .
Design of a double lens freeform miniaturized antenna
Authors: Hu Lizhong , Chen Xin , Jiang Ping , Yang Huajun , Qin Yan , Zhou Miaofang , Yang Jing , He Junyi , Deng Jinxin 
Published: July 2023

The elliptical laser beam produced by a laser diode (LD) has asymmetrical divergence angle distribution and limits its application in long-distance space optical communication. In this paper, a double lens freeform miniaturized antenna design method is proposed to collimate, shape, and transmit elliptical beams from a LD. Based on the law of conservation of energy, refraction vector theory, equal optical path principle, and the three-dimensional point-by-point construction iterative method, two freeform surfaces on both lenses are constructed simultaneously. According to the simulation results, the maximum divergence angle of the output light is compressed to 4.92 µrad. The volume of the antenna is 1244.61cm3, which realizes the miniaturization of the antenna. In addition, the performance of the system is evaluated under different wavelength shifts, astigmatism based on the proposed improved line light source model, the offset of the light source, and the offset of both lenses. This paper provides a practical method for designing a simplified antenna that can collimate and shape laser beams and improve transmission efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed improved optimization method can provide a reference for the study of the initial parameters of lens freeform antennas.
Patterns of mental health problems and well-being in children with disabilities in Sweden: A cross-sectional survey and cluster analysis
Authors: Täljedal Torun , Granlund Mats , Almqvist Lena , Osman Fatumo , Norén Selinus Eva , Fängström Karin 
Published: July 2023

Background
Children with disabilities have an increased risk of mental health problems. Patterns of mental health problems and well-being may vary.

Aims
To identify patterns of mental health problems and well-being in children with disabilities in Sweden, and investigate the influence of parental background (migration, education), and child cognitive level.

Method
In this cross-sectional study, cluster analysis was used to analyse parents’ ratings of conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and prosocial behaviour on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in children with disabilities (n = 136). The influence of parental background (migration, education) and child cognitive level on cluster membership was explored through multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Five clusters of mental health patterns emerged. Three clusters had mean ratings near or past clinical cut-off for one each of the SDQ-subscales. One cluster had difficulties on all three subscales. Greater child cognitive difficulties increased the likelihood of low prosocial behaviour (OR 2.501, p < .001) and of difficulties on all three subscales (OR 2.155, p = .006). Parental background did not influence cluster membership.

Conclusion
Children with disabilities display varying mental health patterns. Awareness of the complexity of mental health patterns among children with disabilities is important. Screening and support for emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviour deficits should be considered for children with conduct problems.
Assessing Family Leave Policies and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Gastroenterologists: A Survey of Physicians in the American College of Gastroenterology
Authors: Ali Shazia , Chowdhury Reezwana , Bittner Krystle , Oxentenko Amy S. , Kothari Shivangi 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Given variability in parental leave policies in gastroenterology (GI) with little data on outcomes, the American College of Gastroenterology conducted a survey to assess policies and outcomes.

METHODS:
A survey was distributed to American College of Gastroenterology members with questions on demographics, fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and parental leave policies.

RESULTS:
There were 796 responses, with 52.5% female individuals. Many (57%) delayed parenting. High rates of infertility (21%) and pregnancy complications (68%) were observed. Satisfaction with parental leave policies in GI was low (35%).

DISCUSSION:
Our survey highlights the need for policies that support the well-being of our GI colleagues and families.
Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis: Chronic Opioid Use Is Associated With Esophageal Dysmotility in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Niu Chengu , Zhang Jing , Bapaye Jay , Liu Hongli , Zhu Kaiwen , Farooq Umer , Zahid Salman , Zhang Qian , Boppana Hemanth , Elkhapery Ahmed , Okolo Patrick I. 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of chronic opioid exposure on esophageal motility in patients undergoing manometric evaluation.

METHODS:
Multiple databases were searched through October 2022 for original studies comparing the manometric results of patients who have used chronic opioids (for >90 days) with those who do not. The primary outcomes were esophageal dysmotility disorders. Three high-resolution manometry parameters were conducted as secondary outcomes. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and means difference (MD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS:
Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. Opioid use was associated with higher esophageal dysmotility disorders, including distal esophageal spasm (pooled OR 4.84, 95% CI 1.60–14.63, P = 0.005, I2 = 96%), esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (pooled OR 5.13, 95% CI 2.11–12.43, P = 0.0003, I2 = 93%), and type III achalasia (pooled OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.15–8.03, P < 0.0001, I2 = 64%). No significant differences were observed for hypercontractile esophagus, type I achalasia, or type II achalasia. The basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure (MD 3.02, 95% CI 1.55–4.50, P < 0.0001, I2 = 90%), integrated relaxation pressure (MD 2.51, 95% CI 1.56–3.46, P < 0.00001, I2 = 99%), and distal contractile integral (MD 640.29, 95% CI 469.56–811.03, P < 0.00001, I2 = 91%) significantly differed between the opioid use and nonopioid use group. However, opioid use was associated with a lower risk of ineffective esophageal motility (pooled OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.95, P = 0.02, I2 = 53%).

DISCUSSION:
Chronic opioid exposure is associated with an increased frequency esophageal dysmotility disorders. Our results revealed that opioid use is significantly associated with type III achalasia but not with type I and II achalasia. Therefore, opioid treatment should be taken into account as a potential underlying risk factor when diagnosing these major esophageal motor abnormalities.
Escape Rooms for Secondary Mathematics Education: Design and Experiments
Authors: Andrews Jake , Bagdasar Ovidiu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Escape rooms are an increasingly popular form of live-action entertainment in which teams of players need to solve puzzles to escape or reach a narrative goal within a specified time limit. Current research suggests that this style of activity promotes the effective use of team skills in the classroom, which are desirable in the workplace, and also that students are more engaged in the hands-on learning environment. During this study we created a game designed to teach mathematical concepts related to finding missing side lengths in a right-angled triangle using trigonometry to secondary school students who had limited knowledge in this area. Our experiment tested the success of our escape room’s teaching capabilities through comparing student performance on a test completed immediately after finishing the game. We also evaluated whether students’ perception of the applicability of mathematics and their feelings towards studying it improves from playing. Finally, we intended to confirm the findings of other researchers on engagement; extend that to the effective use of team skills through examining if there is a relationship between completion time and the observed behaviours within each team. Results suggest that the game is successful in teaching and building familiarity with some aspects of the topic and that there is no correlation between effective team skills and completion time. We make suggestions for improvements to the game design that would warrant an additional experiment into the teaching potential of escape rooms.
“Foreign” language aptitude predicts individual differences in native grammatical proficiency
Authors: Llompart Miquel , Dąbrowska Ewa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Language aptitude is known to be a strong predictor of success in late second-language (L2) learning in instructional settings but is generally assumed to be irrelevant for native language (L1) acquisition. We investigated the relationship between language aptitude and L1 grammatical proficiency in the two studies reported here. Language aptitude was measured by means of a newly-developed test of grammatical sensitivity (Studies 1 and 2) and the Language Analysis subtest of the Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery (Study 1), whereas grammatical proficiency was assessed by a grammaticality judgment task in Study 1 and a picture selection task in Study 2. The results of the two studies reveal a robust relationship between language aptitude and L1 grammatical proficiency that is remarkably consistent across different measures for both variables and appears to hold across the board for a variety of grammatical structures. These results fit well with the proposal that explicit learning may play an important role not only in adult L2 learning but also in L1 acquisition and raises questions about the validity of arguments for a fundamental difference between L1 and L2 acquisition based on the premise that only the latter is related to aptitude.
Kant’s Theory of Radical Evil and its Franciscan Forebears
Authors: Schumacher Lydia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article argues that Kant’s famous theory of ‘radical evil’, according to which there is a natural propensity for evil as well as good in all human beings, has precedent in the medieval Franciscan intellectual tradition. In the early thirteenth century, members of this tradition, inspired by its founder Alexander of Hales, developed a novel account of free will, according to which the will is capable of choosing between equally legitimate options of good and evil. In affirming this, early Franciscans departed from the longstanding tradition of Augustine, for whom free will can only choose the good, since evil is merely a privation of the good that limits human freedom. By the same token, they anticipated the Kantian contention that freedom entails the ability to choose between good and evil maxims.
Dynamics and synchronization of a novel 4D-hyperjerk autonomous chaotic system with a Van der Pol nonlinearity
Authors: Kengne Romanic , Mbe Jimmi Talla , Fotsing Janvier , Mezatio Anicet Brice , Ntsafack Manekeng Francine July , Tchitnga Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the literature, hyperjerk systems raised up meaningful interest due to their simple and elegant structure as well as their complex dynamical features. In this work, we propose a novel 4D autonomous hyperjerk system which the particularity resides on the type of its nonlinearity namely the Van der Pol nonlinearity. The dynamics of this hyperjerk system is assessed thanks to the well-known nonlinear dynamic tools such as time series, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, two-parameter phase diagram, and phase portraits. As important result, it is established that the system presents a particular phenomenon of hysteretic dynamics that leads to the coexistence of attractors. Next, through the calculation of the Hamiltonian energy, we show that this latter depends on all the variables of the novel hyperjerk system. Furthermore, basing on an adaptive backstepping method whose target is a function of the states of the error system, a new controller is designed to carry out fromt= 30, complete chaotic synchronization of the identical novel hyperjerk chaotic systems. Likewise, PSpice (9.2 full version) based simulations are presented in detail to confirm the feasibility of the theoretical model. One of the key points of this work is the designing in PSpice environment of this new adaptive backstepping controller to validate both theoretical and numerical synchronization results. Finally, our experimental measurements in the laboratory are in good agreement with the numerical and analog results.
Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength During Follow-Up After One-Year Resistance Training Interventions in Older Adults
Authors: Mertz Kenneth H. , Reitelseder Søren , Rasmussen Morten A. , Bülow Jacob , Højfeldt Grith , Jensen Mikkel , Hjulmand Morten , Lindberg Jonas , Kramer Mathilde U. , Bechshøft Rasmus , Holm Lars 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mertz, KH, Reitelseder, S, Rasmussen, MA, Bülow, J, Højfeldt, G, Jensen, M, Hjulmand, M, Lindberg, J, Kramer, MU, Bechshøft, R, and Holm, L. Changes in muscle mass and strength during follow-up after one-year resistance training interventions in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2064–2070, 2023—The aim of this study was to investigate if home-based resistance training compared with center-based resistance training was associated with better preservation of muscle mass and strength in older individuals, 6 months after the interventions ended. One hundred four healthy older individuals (>65 years) who had completed 1 year of either home-based light-intensity training with daily whey protein supplementation (LITW), center-based heavy resistance training with whey protein supplementation (HRTW), or daily whey protein supplementation alone (WHEY) returned for follow-up measurement 6 months after the interventions. Measures of muscle mass, strength, and power were assessed at the end of intervention as well as at follow-up. Furthermore, we compared changes in these parameters between subjects who continued resistance training (≥1 weekly training session) during follow-up (CONT) with those who stopped (STOP). Resistance training continuation during follow-up did not differ between HRTW and LITW (41 vs. 41%, P = 1.0) but was higher for both groups compared with WHEY (18%, P = 0.04–0.05). However, no between-group differences were observed between LITW/HRTW/WHEY in changes in muscle mass, strength, or power during follow-up. STOP was associated with a poorer preservation of quadriceps cross-sectional area compared with CONT (−1.7 cm2 [−0.4 to −3.0], P = 0.01, effect size: 0.79). No effect of training continuation was observed on changes in muscle strength and power. In conclusion, maintenance of muscle mass and strength is not superior after home-based resistance training compared with center-based training. However, training continuation seems crucial for the maintenance of muscle mass, irrespective of the training intervention.
Subtidal to intertidal deposits in a mixed clastic–carbonate epicontinental seaway, the Windy Hill Sandstone and Upper Sundance Formation (Oxfordian), Wyoming, U.S.A.
Authors: Wroblewski Anton F.-J. , Schueth Jon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Oxfordian deposits in northern Colorado and Wyoming, USA, preserve proximal, intertidal, clastic, coastal deposits and distal, offshore to nearshore, subtidal bioclastic facies that accumulated during a forced regression of the Jurassic epeiric sea. This contrasts with the common association between tidal deposits, carbonate facies, and rising sea level common to many depositional models of mixed clastic–carbonate systems. Ichnology, sedimentology, and architecture of these deposits were documented along a 460 km outcrop transect to test previous depositional interpretations and decipher the mechanisms driving the change from proximal, siliciclastic, intertidal flats to distal, bioclastic, subtidal macroforms. In southeastern Wyoming, the Windy Hill Sandstone (WH) is composed of very fine, SiO2-dominated, intertidal facies that truncate offshore to lower shoreface, storm-dominated deposits of the Redwater Shale Member (RS) of the Sundance Fm. Eolian and small fluvial systems delivered sand to the coastline after subaerial erosion reworked it from older, uplifted Jurassic strata onshore. The regional and time-transgressive J-5 unconformity separating the WH from the RS is readily identifiable using ichnological and sedimentological criteria. In the Wind River and Bighorn basins to the north, the Upper Sundance Fm (USF) is time-equivalent to the WH but is composed of glauconitic, silt-prone sandstone and meter- to decimeter-scale, bioclastic, cross-bedded sandstone bodies. The abundance of molluscan shell material and limited volume of siliciclastic sediment in the geographically widespread outcrops suggests that nearby, marine shoals were the source of the coarse-grained material. Bioclastic, cross-stratified sandstone bodies represent two architectural elements: 1) coarsening-upward bodies with seaward-dipping foresets arranged into complexes bounded by seaward-directed bounding surfaces interpreted to represent subtidal compound dunes and 2) landward- and laterally accreting tidal-inlet fills composed of meter-scale, landward-accreting bodies with some landward-directed current ripples. The presence of transgressive tidal inlets supports previous interpretations that the WH and USF record high-frequency transgressions superimposed on a tectonically driven forced regression.
Participant and group facilitator perspectives on a novel culturally tailored diabetes self- management program for African Americans
Authors: Tarfa Adati , Salihu Ejura , Xiong Phanary , Brewer Cierra , Maurer Martha , Liu Yao , Shiyanbola Olayinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
African Americans with type 2 diabetes experience disparities in their care and diabetes health-related outcomes. Diabetes self-management programs such as Healthy Living with Diabetes (HLWD) are important but do not account for the unique cultural experiences of African Americans. As well, a culturally tailored program focused on addressing sociocultural beliefs and providing race-congruent peer support, Peers LEAD (Peers Supporting Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Self-Advocacy, and Adherence) was implemented in two midwestern cities to improve medication adherence but does not include diabetes self-management topics included in HLWD. In attempt to fill the gaps from both HLWD and Peers LEAD, Peers EXCEL (Peers’ Experience in Communicating and Engaging in Healthy Living) was designed to integrate both programs.
Methods
Our study explored the perceptions of African American participants and facilitators of the separate HLWD and Peers LEAD programs, on the proposed new Peers EXCEL program using focus groups and interviews. Findings were analyzed by research assistants trained in qualitative research using deductive and inductive open coding approaches.
Results
Participants described the lack of cultural fit of the current HLWD program for African American communities and proposed strategies to enhance Peers EXCEL’s impact in African American communities. They shared the need to include topics such as the relationships between systemic racism and diabetes.
Conclusion
Participants’ feedback of Peers EXCEL reveals the importance of including various community member perspectives in the design of new diabetes self-management programs tailored for African Americans.
Antibiotic Prescription Pattern among Primary Healthcare General Practitioners in the South Batinah Governorate of Oman, 2019
Authors: Mujaini Sami M. Al , Almayahi Zayid K. , Abouammoh Noura A. , Amri Sumaiya Al 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Misuse and overuse of antibiotics comprise leading causes of antimicrobial resistance. The study aims to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription among primary healthcare general practitioners in the South Batinah Governorate of Oman.
Method:
A cross-sectional study of 600 antibiotic prescriptions issued in the South Batinah Governorate in 2019 was conducted to verify the triggering diagnoses and determine the appropriateness of the prescribed antibiotic. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between predictors and inappropriate use.
Results:
Respiratory infections accounted for 62% of antibiotic prescriptions, of which 92.2% were inappropriately prescribed. Extended-spectrum antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed in 33.3% of cystitis cases, while 14.3% of gastroenteritis received incorrect spectrum of antibiotics. Amoxicillin represented 46.2% of antibiotic prescriptions, of which 84.4% were unnecessarily prescribed. Lower inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rate was linked to patients ≥ 18 years (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: [0.26, 0.82]), those who underwent laboratory tests (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: [0.12, 0.39]), and consultations at health centers (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: [0.24, 0.79]). Arabic-speaking physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately.
Conclusion
Inappropriate antibiotic prescription was frequently observed in mild respiratory infections and associated with specific patient and physician characteristics. The implementation of healthcare center antibiotic stewardship initiatives, would help to promote appropriate antibiotic prescriptions.