bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obedience to authorities is not unconditional: Differential effects of COVID‐19 threat on three facets of RWA in Poland and Germany
Authors: Bilewicz Michał , Bulska Dominika , Winiewski Mikołaj , Fritsche Immo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCollective authoritarian responses to threat might differ depending on whether people trust collective authorities in reducing threat. Thus, we tested the differential effects of epidemic threat on three facets of right‐wing authoritarianism, in Germany (a country with high authorities' efficacy in responses to COVID‐19) and Poland (low authorities' efficacy context). Two representative sample longitudinal studies performed in Poland (N = 892) and Germany (N = 883) showed that in Germany feelings of COVID‐19 threat explained increases in authoritarian submission and (to a lesser extent) authoritarian aggression, whereas in Poland such feelings of threat explained changes in authoritarian aggression and conventionalism after the pandemic, but did not alter authoritarian submission. These findings suggest that specific authoritarian reactions to threat (submissive vs. conventionalist) might depend on the general trust in authorities' ability to respond to crises.
Exploring plant cis‐regulatory elements at single‐cell resolution: overcoming biological and computational challenges to advance plant research
Authors: Mendieta John Pablo , Sangra Ankush , Yan Haidong , Minow Mark A. A. , Schmitz Robert J. 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYCis‐regulatory elements (CREs) are important sequences for gene expression and for plant biological processes such as development, evolution, domestication, and stress response. However, studying CREs in plant genomes has been challenging. The totipotent nature of plant cells, coupled with the inability to maintain plant cell types in culture and the inherent technical challenges posed by the cell wall has limited our understanding of how plant cell types acquire and maintain their identities and respond to the environment via CRE usage. Advances in single‐cell epigenomics have revolutionized the field of identifying cell‐type‐specific CREs. These new technologies have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of plant CRE biology, and shed light on how the regulatory genome gives rise to diverse plant phenomena. However, there are significant biological and computational challenges associated with analyzing single‐cell epigenomic datasets. In this review, we discuss the historical and foundational underpinnings of plant single‐cell research, challenges, and common pitfalls in the analysis of plant single‐cell epigenomic data, and highlight biological challenges unique to plants. Additionally, we discuss how the application of single‐cell epigenomic data in various contexts stands to transform our understanding of the importance of CREs in plant genomes.
Long‐term outcome of autologous fascia lata grafting with conjunctival flap overlay in horses with ulcerative keratitis and keratomalacia
Authors: Hoerdemann Mona , Yarbrough Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the technique, postoperative complications, and outcome after autologous fascia lata grafting with conjunctival flap overlay in horses with ulcerative keratitis and keratomalacia.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsEleven horses with ulcerative keratitis and keratomalacia.MethodsHorses included had undergone fascia lata grafting with conjunctival flap overlay due to impending or recent corneal perforation. Preceding therapy, lesion characteristics, postoperative complications, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes were recorded.ResultsPostoperative complications included complete (1/11) or partial (2/11) dehiscence of the conjunctival flap and fascia lata graft, postoperative pneumonia (1/11), intermittent hypercreatinemia (2/11) and mild uveitis after trimming of the conjunctival flap (9/10). The donor sites healed without complications (11/11). A satisfactory short‐term outcome (at cessation of medical therapy) was achieved in all horses (11/11).Long‐term follow‐up (median 29 months, range 7–127 months) was available for 10/11 horses. A comfortable eye with functional vision was achieved in 9/10 horses with long‐term follow‐up, including 3/4 horses with prior corneal perforation and 1/11 horses in which the fascia lata graft completely dehisced 15 days after surgery. Enucleation was required in a single horse (1/10) after phthisis bulbi developed 7 months postoperatively.ConclusionFascia lata grafting with conjunctival flap overlay appears to be a viable solution for globe preservation in horses with ulcerative keratitis and keratomalacia. Long‐term ocular comfort with functional visual outcomes can be achieved in most cases with limited concerns for donor site morbidity while bypassing acquisition, storage or lesion‐size limitations related to other biomaterials.
Clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in
Escherichia coli
from black kites in southwestern Siberia: a genetic and phenotypic investigation
Authors: Tarabai Hassan , Krejci Simon , Karyakin Igor , Bitar Ibrahim , Literak Ivan , Dolejska Monika 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Wild birds including raptors can act as vectors of clinically relevant bacteria with antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant
Escherichia coli
in black kites (
Milvus migrans
) inhabiting localities in proximity to human-influenced environments in southwestern Siberia and investigate their virulence and plasmid contents. A total of 51
E. coli
isolates mostly with multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles were obtained from cloacal swabs of 35 (64%,
n
= 55) kites. Genomic analyses of 36 whole genome sequenced
E. coli
isolates showed: (i) high prevalence and diversity of their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and common association with ESBL/AmpC production (27/36, 75%), (ii) carriage of
mcr-1
for colistin resistance on IncI2 plasmids in kites residing in proximity of two large cities, (iii) frequent association with class one integrase (IntI1, 22/36, 61%), and (iv) presence of sequence types (STs) linked to avian-pathogenic (APEC) and extra-intestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC). Notably, numerous isolates had significant virulence content. One
E. coli
with APEC-associated ST354 carried
qnrE1
encoding fluoroquinolone resistance on IncHI2-ST3 plasmid, the first detection of such a gene in
E. coli
from wildlife. Our results implicate black kites in southwestern Siberia as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant
E. coli
. It also highlights the existing link between proximity of wildlife to human activities and their carriage of MDR bacteria including pathogenic STs with significant and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance determinants.

IMPORTANCE
Migratory birds have the potential to acquire and disperse clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through vast geographical regions. The opportunistic feeding behavior associated with some raptors including black kites and the growing anthropogenic influence on their natural habitats increase the transmission risk of multidrug resistance (MDR) and pathogenic bacteria from human and agricultural sources into the environment and wildlife. Thus, monitoring studies investigating antibiotic resistance in raptors may provide essential data that facilitate understanding the fate and evolution of ARB and ARGs in the environment and possible health risks for humans and animals associated with the acquisition of these resistance determinants by wildlife.
Causal associations between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Xin-Ling , Shi Qi-Yun , Zhao Qi-Gang , Xu Qian , Yan Shan-Shan , Han Bai-Xue , Fang Chen , Zhang Lei , Pei Yu-Fang 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIt has been suggested that type 1 diabetes was associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. However, their causal relationship is still unclear. Herein, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effect of type 1 diabetes on COVID-19 infection and prognosis.Research design and methodsThe summary statistics of type 1 diabetes were obtained from two published genome-wide association studies of European population, one as a discovery sample including 15 573 cases and 158 408 controls, and the other data as a replication sample consisting of 5913 cases and 8828 controls. We first performed a two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal effect of type 1 diabetes on COVID-19 infection and prognosis. Then, reverse MR analysis was conducted to determine whether reverse causality exists.ResultsMR analysis results showed that the genetically predicted type 1 diabetes was associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (OR=1.073, 95% CI: 1.034 to 1.114, pFDR=1.15×10−3) and COVID-19 death (OR=1.075, 95% CI: 1.033 to 1.119, pFDR=1.15×10−3). Analysis of replication dataset showed similar results, namely a positive association between type 1 diabetes and severe COVID-19 (OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.029 to 1.081, pFDR=1.59×10−4), and a positively correlated association with COVID-19 death (OR=1.053, 95% CI: 1.026 to 1.081, pFDR=3.50×10−4). No causal association was observed between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 positive, hospitalized COVID-19, the time to the end of COVID-19 symptoms in the colchicine treatment group and placebo treatment group. Reverse MR analysis showed no reverse causality.ConclusionsType 1 diabetes had a causal effect on severe COVID-19 and death after COVID-19 infection. Further mechanistic studies are needed to explore the relationship between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis.
Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring to predict periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yao , Liu Dengjun , Mao Yanxia , Gao Qian , Xiong Tao 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPeriventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage (PV-IVH) is one of the major cause of mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental sequela in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring can detect brain tissue oxygen saturation changes before the occurrence of PV-IVH in the early postnatal period. However, the time window for NIRS monitoring, the absolute value or change value of brain tissue oxygen saturation, and the accuracy of NIRS in predicting PV-IVH and its neurodevelopmental outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. In this review, we will investigate the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of NIRS in predicting PV-IVH, its severity and outcomes.Methods and analysisLiterature will be searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases without limitation of region or time of publication. All published literature without language restrictions, including randomised/quasicontrolled trials and observational studies, will be considered. Studies providing index test values (the absolute value or change value of oxygen saturation using NIRS) will be included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (DTA) process will be followed for writing. The risk of bias will be assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The outcomes will be the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of NIRS in predicting PV-IVH, long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and infant mortality. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool will be used to evaluate the quality of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationIn this systematic review, data will be collected from published articles for collation and analysis, without a separate ethical review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022316080.
Cross-country skiers often experience respiratory symptoms during and after exercise but have a low prevalence of prolonged cough
Authors: Mäki-Heikkilä Rikhard , Koskela Heikki , Karjalainen Jussi , Parkkari Jari , Huhtala Heini , Valtonen Maarit , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundCross-country skiers train and compete during the winter for long periods of time in subfreezing conditions, which strains the airways and provokes respiratory symptoms. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of exercise-related symptoms and prolonged cough in competitive cross-country skiers versus the general population and to investigate the association between these symptoms and asthma.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to Finnish cross-country skiers (n=1282) and a random sample of the general population (n=1754), with response rates of 26.9% and 19.0%, respectively.ResultsBoth groups were mostly asymptomatic at rest, but symptoms were increased in both groups during and after exercise. Cough was more prevalent after exercise in skiers and phlegm production was more common during and after exercise in skiers. Asthma did not provoke specific symptoms, but symptom prevalence was higher in asthmatic individuals. Skiers had a higher prevalence of cough after exercise (60.6% vs 22.8%, p<0.001) compared with controls, but controls had a higher prevalence of prolonged cough (4.1% vs 9.6%, p=0.004). In participants without asthma, cold air triggered symptoms more often in skiers than controls, while strong odours triggered symptoms more often in asthmatic controls than skiers. Chronic cough lasting more than 8 weeks was rare, reported by 4.8% of controls and 2.0% of skiers.ConclusionCross-country skiers, especially those with asthma, experience a higher burden of exercise-related respiratory symptoms compared with controls. However, repeated exposure to cold air does not appear to result in long-term hypersensitivity of the cough reflex arc.
Presence of Permanent Pacemakers: Implications for Elderly Patients Presenting with Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Bhuiya Tanzim , Omeh Demian , Munshi Rezwan , Berookhim Brian , Roper Ashley , Vilcant Viliane , Syzdziak Elisa , Hai Ofek , Zeltser Roman , Digiacomo Jody , Makaryus Amgad N 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe presence of permanent pacemakers (PPM) is common among the elderly population. Trauma literature has shown that the inability to augment cardiac output by at least 30% after injury portends a higher mortality. The presence of a PPM may be a surrogate marker to identify patients who are unable to increase cardiac output. We aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of PPM and clinical outcomes in elderly patients presenting with traumatic injuries.MethodsA total of 4505 patients aged ≥65 years admitted with acute trauma from 2009 to 2019 at our Level I Trauma center were evaluated and stratified into two groups using propensity matching on age, sex, injury severity score (ISS), and year of admission based on the presence of PPM. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the impact of the presence of PPM on mortality, surgical intensive care unit (SICU) admission, operative intervention, and length of stay. Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities was compared using χ2analysis.ResultsData from 208 patients with PPM and 208 propensity-matched controls were evaluated. Charlson Comorbidity Index, mechanism of injury, intensive care unit admission, and rate of operative intervention were comparable in the two groups. PPM patients had more coronary artery disease (p=0.04), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (p=0.003), atrial fibrillation (AF, p<0.0001), and antithrombotic use (p<0.0001). We found no association between mortality amongst the groups after controlling for influencing variables (OR=2.1 (0.97 to 4.74), p=0.061). Patient characteristics associated with survival included female sex (p=0.009), lower ISS (p<0.0001), lower revised trauma score (p<0.0001), and lower SICU admission (p=0.001).ConclusionOur study shows no association between mortality among patients with PPM admitted for treatment of trauma. Presence of a PPM may be an indicator of cardiovascular disease, but this does not translate into increased risk in the modern era of trauma management in our patient population.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Cases of pediatric intra-abdominal solid organ injury induced by blunt trauma experienced over a 15-year period at two centers in Japan
Authors: Matsui Mayu , Sugita Koshiro , Kawano Takafumi , Nishida Nanako , Nagano Ayaka , Murakami Masakazu , Yano Keisuke , Harumatsu Toshio , Onishi Shun , Yamada Koji , Yamada Waka , Muto Mitsuru , Kaji Tatsuru , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe present study attempts to clarify the clinical features of pediatric intra-abdominal solid organ injury at two institutions.MethodsThe injured organ, patient age, sex, injury grade, imaging findings, intervention, length of hospital stay, and complications were retrospectively reviewed using medical records at two centers from 2007 to 2021.ResultsThere were 25 cases of liver injury, 9 of splenic injury, 8 of pancreatic injury, and 5 of renal injury. The mean age of all patients was 8.6±3.8 years old, with no difference between organ injury types. Radiological intervention was performed in four cases of liver injury (16.0%) and one case of splenic injury (11.1%), and surgery was performed in two cases of liver injury (8.0%) and three cases of pancreatic injury (37.5%). All other cases were treated conservatively. Complications included adhesive ileus in one case of liver injury (4.0%), splenic atrophy in one case of splenic injury (11.1%), pseudocysts in three cases of pancreatic injury (37.5%), atrophy of the pancreatic parenchyma in one case of pancreatic injury (12.5%), and urinoma in one case of renal injury (20.0%). No mortalities were observed.ConclusionPediatric patients with blunt trauma had favorable outcomes at two pediatric trauma centers covering a broad medical area, including remote islands.
First-principle study of the optoelectronic properties of GaxIn1-xBiyP1-y quaternary alloys lattice-matched to InP for telecommunication applications
Authors: Tehami Malika , Benchehima Miloud , Ameur Djili , Abid Hamza 
Published: June 2023

In this work, we present a theoretical investigation of the structural and optoelectronic properties of GaxIn1-xBiyP1-y quaternary alloys lattice-matched to InP using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave approach based on the functional theory of density. The local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation of Wu–Cohen (WC-GGA) have been used for calculating the structural properties of GaxIn1-xBiyP1-y quaternaries. The lattice matching condition and the range of ( x, y) concentrations for which the quaternary alloys are lattice-matched to InP substrate were determined. It is found that the calculated lattice constants of GaxIn1-xBiyP1-y for all selected concentrations ( x, y) are about 5.9 Å, which are in good agreement with the experimental value of the lattice constant of InP (5.869 Å). The electronic property calculations are executed via EV-GGA and TB-mBJ approximations. The calculated band structures show that GaxIn1-xBiyP1-y quaternaries have semiconductor character and exhibit a direct band gap, for all selected concentrations ( x, y). In addition, the optical properties were calculated and discussed in detail. And also, the optical band gaps of quaternaries were determined using Tauc's method. We observed that the GaxIn1-xBiyP1-y quaternaries cover the wavelength ranging from 0.911 to 2.456 µm while maintaining a lattice match to the InP substrate. The obtained results reveal that these quaternaries are suitable candidates for telecommunication applications.
Development of a Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model Incorporating Polygenic Risk Scores and Nongenetic Risk Factors for Korean Women
Authors: Choi Jihye , Ha Tae-Woong , Choi Hye-Mi , Lee Han-Byoel , Shin Hee-Chul , Chung Woosung , Han Wonshik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
To develop a breast cancer prediction model for Korean women using published polygenic risk scores (PRS) combined with nongenetic risk factors (NGRF).

Methods:
Thirteen PRS models generated from single or multiple combinations of the Asian and European PRSs were evaluated among 20,434 Korean women. The AUC and increase in OR per SD were compared for each PRS. The PRSs with the highest predictive power were combined with NGRFs; then, an integrated prediction model was established using the Individualized Coherent Absolute Risk Estimation (iCARE) tool. The absolute breast cancer risk was stratified for 18,142 women with available follow-up data.

Results:
PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB, a combination of Asian and European PRSs, had the highest AUC (0.621) among PRSs, with an OR per SD increase of 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.31–1.61). Compared with the average risk group (35%–65%), women in the top 5% had a 2.5-fold higher risk of breast cancer. Incorporating NGRFs yielded a modest increase in the AUC of women ages &gt;50 years. For PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB+NGRF, the average absolute risk was 5.06%. The lifetime absolute risk at age 80 years for women in the top 5% was 9.93%, whereas that of women in the lowest 5% was 2.22%. Women at higher risks were more sensitive to NGRF incorporation.

Conclusions:
Combined Asian and European PRSs were predictive of breast cancer in Korean women. Our findings support the use of these models for personalized screening and prevention of breast cancer.

Impact:
Our study provides insights into genetic susceptibility and NGRFs for predicting breast cancer in Korean women.
Oncostatin-M and OSM-Receptor Feed-Forward Activation of MAPK Induces Separable Stem-like and Mesenchymal Programs
Authors: Polak Kelsey L. , Tamagno Ilaria , Parameswaran Neetha , Smigiel Jacob , Chan E. Ricky , Yuan Xueer , Rios Brenda , Jackson Mark W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) frequently present with advanced metastatic disease and exhibit a poor response to therapy, resulting in poor outcomes. The tumor microenvironment cytokine Oncostatin-M (OSM) initiates PDAC plasticity, inducing the reprogramming to a stem-like/mesenchymal state, which enhances metastasis and therapy resistance. Using a panel of PDAC cells driven through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by OSM or the transcription factors ZEB1 or SNAI1, we find that OSM uniquely induces tumor initiation and gemcitabine resistance independently of its ability to induce a CD44HI/mesenchymal phenotype. In contrast, while ZEB1 and SNAI1 induce a CD44HI/mesenchymal phenotype and migration comparable with OSM, they are unable to promote tumor initiation or robust gemcitabine resistance. Transcriptomic analysis identified that OSM-mediated stemness requires MAPK activation and sustained, feed-forward transcription of OSMR. MEK and ERK inhibitors prevented OSM-driven transcription of select target genes and stem-like/mesenchymal reprogramming, resulting in reduced tumor growth and resensitization to gemcitabine. We propose that the unique properties of OSMR, which hyperactivates MAPK signaling when compared with other IL6 family receptors, make it an attractive therapeutic target, and that disrupting the OSM-OSMR-MAPK feed-forward loop may be a novel way to therapeutically target the stem-like behaviors common to aggressive PDAC.

Implications:
Small-molecule MAPK inhibitors may effectively target the OSM/OSMR-axis that leads to EMT and tumor initiating properties that promote aggressive PDAC.