bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reader's way: student process guiding library practice
Authors: Armstrong Annie R. , Insua Glenda M. , Lantz Catherine 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis paper explores the academic reading behaviors of first-year students in an attempt to understand their experiences and develop potential reading interventions to support undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approachResearchers used qualitative research methods to elicit in-depth findings regarding reading behaviors. They interviewed fifteen first-year students who had completed a required writing course regarding their reading habits and used open coding to analyze interviews.FindingsInvestigators discovered that the narrative from national media that students do not read discounts the volume and variety of texts that students regularly interact with in a variety of contexts. Several themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Students like to read in a variety of designated spaces at any time of the day or night, (2) Students prefer reading in print, but mostly read online, and (3) Students reported difficult vocabulary as the most significant challenge in reading academic texts, but also reported emotional concerns regarding reading.Originality/valueWhile previous studies have focused on factors such as format preference and time limitations that influence reading behaviors, this study contributes to the body of research looking at the reading behaviors of college students more holistically, providing new insights informing a range of library interventions to support student success in academic reading. In its use of student interviews, this study offers a student-centered contribution to the literature on student reading behaviors and considers the implications of these behaviors on librarian practice.
Decision-making using regression analysis: a case study on Top Tier Holidays LLP
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Rath Abinash , Singh Anil Kumar , Akoijam Sunildro L.S. 
Published: February 2023

Research methodology
This study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to the overall tour experience and services provided by Top Tier Holidays. The study is mixed in nature, and the researchers have used analytical tools to analyse the data factually. Multiple regression using MS Excel is used in the study.

Case overview/synopsis
This case is based on the experiences of a real-life travel and tour company located in New Delhi, India. The case helps understand regression analysis to identify independent variables significantly impacting the tour experience. The CEO of the company is focused on improving the overall customer experience. The CEO has identified six principal determinants (variables) applicable to tour companies’ success. These variables are hotel experience, transportation, cab driver, on-tour support, itinerary planning and pricing.
Multiple regression analysis using Microsoft Excel is conducted on the above determinants (the independent variables) and the overall tour experience (the dependent variable). This analysis would help identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and find the variables that significantly impact the dependent variable. This case also helps us appreciate the importance of various parameters that affect the overall customer tour experience and the challenges a tour operator company faces in the current competitive business environment.

Complexity academic level
This case is designed for discussion with the undergraduate courses in business management, commerce and tourism management programmes. The case will build up readers’ understanding of linear regression with multiple variables. It shows how multiple linear regression can help companies identify the significant variables affecting business outcomes.
Reconsideration of the previously classified incompatibility groups of plasmids, IncP‐1 and IncP‐11
Authors: Shintani Masaki , Suzuki Haruo , Nojiri Hideaki , Suzuki Masato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study presents the reassessment of earlier published data with reference to the article published in Environmental Microbiology entitled ‘IncP‐type plasmids carrying genes for antibiotic resistance or aromatic compound degradation are prevalent in sequenced Aromatoleum and Thauera strains’ by Lo et al. This correspondence clarifies misperceptions of plasmids classified under incompatibility (Inc) groups IncP‐1 and IncP‐11.
The paradoxes of failure in post‐welfare: an auto‐ethnography of caregiver labour for disabled persons in New York State
Authors: Reno Joshua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn conditions of post‐welfare, failure takes a variety of forms. I offer an auto‐ethnographic account of state‐funded caregiving for people diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities in New York State, where both caregiver labour and its management have been subjected to greater discipline as post‐welfare initiatives seek to re‐educate recipients of benefits and careworkers to be simultaneously more autonomous from and more accountable to the state. Placing these changes within the specific history of failed disability care in the United States, I explain how new disciplinary devices for reporting further alienate caregiver labour and complicate welfare management in practice.
Assembly‐free quantification of vagrant DNA inserts
Authors: Becher Hannes , Nichols Richard A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInserts of DNA from extranuclear sources, such as organelles and microbes, are common in eukaryote nuclear genomes. However, sequence similarity between the nuclear and extranuclear DNA, and a history of multiple insertions, make the assembly of these regions challenging. Consequently, the number, sequence and location of these vagrant DNAs cannot be reliably inferred from the genome assemblies of most organisms. We introduce two statistical methods to estimate the abundance of nuclear inserts even in the absence of a nuclear genome assembly. The first (intercept method) only requires low‐coverage (<1×) sequencing data, as commonly generated for population studies of organellar and ribosomal DNAs. The second method additionally requires that a subset of the individuals carry extranuclear DNA with diverged genotypes. We validated our intercept method using simulations and by re‐estimating the frequency of human NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial inserts). We then applied it to the grasshopper Podisma pedestris, exceptional for both its large genome size and reports of numerous NUMT inserts, estimating that NUMTs make up 0.056% of the nuclear genome, equivalent to >500 times the mitochondrial genome size. We also re‐analysed a museomics data set of the parrot Psephotellus varius, obtaining an estimate of only 0.0043%, in line with reports from other species of bird. Our study demonstrates the utility of low‐coverage high‐throughput sequencing data for the quantification of nuclear vagrant DNAs. Beyond quantifying organellar inserts, these methods could also be used on endosymbiont‐derived sequences. We provide an R implementation of our methods called “vagrantDNA” and code to simulate test data sets.
The effect of US tax reform on the taxation of US firms' domestic and foreign earnings
Authors: Dyreng Scott D. , Gaertner Fabio B. , Hoopes Jeffrey L. , Vernon Mary E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe quantify the immediate net effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) on the tax burden of corporate profits for public US corporations. We find similar reductions in effective tax rates for domestic and multinational firms, yet the entirety of multinational tax savings stemmed from tax savings on their domestic, not foreign, earnings. We find no significant change in the federal tax burden on foreign earnings neither on average norspecifically for firms most likely to be subject to new anti‐abuse provisions. We find some evidence that firms not targeted by anti‐abuse provisions saw reductions in their federal tax burden on foreign income. Overall, while the tax burden on domestic income decreased significantly, our findings suggest the tax burden on the foreign earnings of US multinationals is largely unaffected despite the overhaul of the international tax system. Importantly for US multinationals' investment decisions, while foreign income was heavily tax‐favored prior to tax reform, we find that foreign and domestic incomes are similarly taxed after TCJA enactment.
Habitat use patterns suggest that climate‐driven vegetation changes will negatively impact mammal communities in the Amazon
Authors: Rocha D. G. , Sollmann R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change will affect species persistence and distribution, particularly in high‐diversity ecosystems like the Amazon. Studies predict that as temperature and deforestation increase and precipitation patterns change in the Amazon, areas along its southern and eastern borders will suffer large‐scale savannization, the conversion of tropical forest to degraded savannah‐like vegetation. Here, we aim to identify the terrestrial mammal species potentially most at risk from savannization by studying their use of natural forest and savannah habitats within four protected areas, using camera‐trap surveys and community occupancy models. We grouped species into categories according to the overlap of their global distributions with the Amazon and Cerrado biome (Amazon, Cerrado and generalist species) and investigated the effect on their space use of savannah cover within a 100‐m buffer, and of the immediate habitat type (continuous forest, riparian forest and savannah) at the camera trap. Both savannah cover and savannah habitat type affected space use of most Amazon and generalist species strongly negatively. Only Cerrado species ever showed strong positive responses to savannah cover. These results suggest that most of the terrestrial mammal community is potentially vulnerable to savannization, including several species typically considered habitat generalists. Negative effects of disturbed savannah‐like habitats are likely even stronger than effects of natural savannah reported here. Although less favorable than continuous forest, riparian forest had a strong negative effect for only a small fraction of species, indicating that effects of savannization may be buffered to some extent by riparian forests. Our results suggest that climate change‐induced vegetation changes may reduce the ability of protected areas in the southern Brazilian Amazon to safeguard populations of terrestrial mammals and should be considered when assessing potential climate‐change effects on these species.
Monitoring the population status of a secretive lizard, the threatened heath skinkLiopholis multiscutata, in south‐eastern Australia using surrogate metrics: An update
Authors: Brown Geoff W. , Fanson Ben G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur recent study compared monitoring data collected using surrogate metrics during 2014–2018 inclusive with baseline data from 2007 to evaluate the trajectory of the population status of the threatened heath skinkLiopholis multiscutatain Victoria. The heath skink is a secretive burrowing species that is a habitat specialist and exists in north‐western Victoria as a few small and highly disjunct populations on large dunes in semi‐arid heathland or mallee. We re‐assessed the trajectories of the Victorian populations with additional monitoring data collected in 2021 and found continuing decline across all four Victorian heath skink populations. Urgent management intervention is required to arrest this decline, likely due to predation, reduced availability of habitat and life history and demographic traits that make this species susceptible to decline.
Assessment of copy number variants in three Brazilian locally adapted cattle breeds using whole‐genome re‐sequencing data
Authors: Peripolli Elisa , Stafuzza Nedenia Bonvino , Machado Marco Antonio , do Carmo Panetto João Cláudio , do Egito Andréa Alves , Baldi Fernando , da Silva Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFurther characterization of genetic structural variations should strongly focus on small and endangered local breeds given their role in unraveling genes and structural variants underlying selective pressures and phenotype variation. A comprehensive genome‐wide assessment of copy number variations (CNVs) based on whole‐genome re‐sequencing data was performed on three Brazilian locally adapted cattle breeds (Caracu Caldeano, Crioulo Lageano, and Pantaneiro) using the ARS‐UCD1.2 genome assembly. Data from 36 individuals with an average coverage depth of 14.07× per individual was used. A total of 24 945 CNVs were identified distributed among the breeds (Caracu Caldeano = 7285, Crioulo Lageano = 7297, and Pantaneiro = 10 363). Deletion events were 1.75–2.07‐fold higher than duplications, and the total length of CNVs is composed mostly of a high number of segments between 10 and 30 kb. CNV regions (CNVRs) are not uniformly scattered throughout the genomes (n = 463), and 105 CNVRs were found overlapping among the studied breeds. Functional annotation of the CNVRs revealed variants with high consequence on protein sequence harboring relevant genes, in which we highlighted the BOLA‐DQB, BOLA‐DQA5, CD1A, β‐defensins, PRG3, and ULBP21 genes. Enrichment analysis based on the gene list retrieved from the CNVRs disclosed over‐represented terms (p < 0.01) strongly associated with immunity and cattle resilience to harsh environments. Additionally, QTL associated with body conformation and dairy‐related traits were also unveiled within the CNVRs. These results provide better understanding of the selective forces shaping the genome of such cattle breeds and identify traces of natural selection pressures by which these populations have been exposed to challenging environmental conditions.
What predicts perceived discrimination among white Americans? Findings from two nationally representative studies
Authors: Okuyan Mukadder , Vollhardt Johanna Ray , Stewart Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany national or racial majority groups increasingly perceive discrimination against their group, despite objective indicators of advantage. The present studies simultaneously test three individual‐level explanations of perceived discrimination among White Americans: system legitimizing beliefs, economic precarity, and group interest, in addition to corresponding predictors at the context (state) level. Using multilevel analysis, we analyzed nationally‐representative data from the 2016 American National Election Survey (N = 2631)—an election period marked by discourse about majority group grievances. Results showed that, at the individual level, system‐legitimizing beliefs (symbolic racism, conservatism, realistic, and symbolic threat) predicted perceived discrimination among Whites, as did objective (income) and subjective (perceived financial insecurity) economic precarity. Conversely, group interest (indicated by White racial identification) was not a significant predictor. At the state level, support for the Republican candidate also predicted perceived discrimination. These findings replicated with data from the 2012 American National Election Survey (N = 3261). We discuss the implications of White Americans’ discrimination claims in the current socio‐political climate.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characterization of the dolutegravir/rilpivirine two‐drug regimen in SWORD‐1/‐2 phase 3 studies
Authors: Mehta Rashmi , Lagishetty Chakradhar V. , Angelis Konstantinos , Aylott Alicia , Kahl Lesley , Blair Libby , Matthews Jessica , Wynne Brian , Crauwels Herta , Underwood Mark , Adkison Kimberly K. 
Published: February 2023

AimSWORD‐1 and SWORD‐2 phase 3 studies concluded that switching virologically suppressed participants with HIV‐1 from their current three‐ or four‐drug antiretroviral regimen (CAR) to the two‐drug regimen of once‐daily dolutegravir (DTG, 50 mg) and rilpivirine (RPV, 25 mg) was safe, well tolerated and noninferior for maintaining HIV‐1 suppression at week 48 and highly efficacious to week 148. A secondary objective was to characterize drug exposure and exposure‐efficacy/safety relationships.MethodsAdults with plasma HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL were randomized to switch to once‐daily DTG + RPV on day 1 or to continue CAR for 52 weeks before switching. Trough plasma concentrations (C0) of DTG and RPV, the proportion of participants with HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL and adverse events to week 100 were summarized and subjected to exposure‐response analyses in the overall population, in the subset of participants who switched from CAR containing enzyme‐inducing drugs and by age category (≥50 and <50 years). The relationship between C0avg (individual average C0 across visits) and efficacy/safety was investigated.ResultsAlthough week 2 DTG and RPV C0 were lower in participants switching from enzyme‐inducing antiretroviral drugs, C0 and C0avg stayed above in vitro antiviral protein binding‐adjusted IC90 and to week 100 with viral suppression >89%. DTG or RPV C0avg showed no relationship with virologic failures or safety. Participants ≥50 years had similar C0avg and safety response to younger participants.ConclusionNo clinically relevant relationship between DTG or RPV exposures and virologic or safety response was observed, confirming the DTG + RPV switch for participants as a safe and effective treatment.
Improved Inference for Doubly Robust Estimators of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
Authors: Shin Heejun , Antonelli Joseph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a doubly robust approach to characterizing treatment effect heterogeneity in observational studies. We develop a frequentist inferential procedure that utilizes posterior distributions for both the propensity score and outcome regression models to provide valid inference on the conditional average treatment effect even when high-dimensional or nonparametric models are used. We show that our approach leads to conservative inference in finite samples or under model misspecification and provides a consistent variance estimator when both models are correctly specified. In simulations, we illustrate the utility of these results in difficult settings such as high-dimensional covariate spaces or highly flexible models for the propensity score and outcome regression. Lastly, we analyze environmental exposure data from NHANES to identify how the effects of these exposures vary by subject-level characteristics.
Lenalidomide maintenance fails to overcome the unfavourable prognosis of low NK‐cell counts in rituximab–chemotherapy responsive elderly DLBCL patients: A LYSA group study
Authors: Beldi‐Ferchiou Asma , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Ghesquieres Hervé , Casasnovas Rene Olivier , Tilly Hervé , Fruchart Christophe , Morschhauser Franck , Haioun Corinne , Lazarovici Julien , Perrot Aurore , Nicolas‐Virelizier Emmanuelle , Salles Gilles , Godard Nathalie , Zamali Imen , De Colella Jean‐Marc Schiano , Claudel Alexis , Corront Bernadette , Oberic Lucie , Briere Josette , Gaulard Philippe , Thieblemont Catherine , Delfau‐Larue Marie‐Hélène 
Published: February 2023

SummaryLow baseline NK‐cell counts (NKCCs) in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are associated with a poor prognosis. The REMARC phase III trial (NCT01122472) showed that lenalidomide maintenance prolonged PFS in rituximab–chemotherapy responders. We conducted a REMARC ancillary study analysing the impact of lenalidomide maintenance on the prognostic value of low NKCCs. Blood samples from 335 elderly French patients enrolled in the REMARC trial were analysed by flow cytometry to obtain NKCCs at diagnosis (n = 220), at randomization (n = 186) and/or six months after randomization (n = 184). Baseline NKCCs < 100 cells/μl were associated with shorter PFS and OS (HRs = [2.2 (1.4, 3.3), p < 0.001] and [2.8 (1.7, 4.5), p < 0.001], respectively), independently of aaIPI. In a competing risk analysis, low NKCCs at baseline were associated with a higher risk of relapse/progression (p = 0.0025), but not of death without progression (p = 0.33). Lenalidomide did not affect the prognosis value of low baseline NKCCs (p = 0.6349). Similar results were obtained for low NKCCs at randomization. Our results demonstrate that low NKCCs at baseline and post rituximab–chemotherapy are robust prognostic factors in DLBCL and reveal that lenalidomide has no impact on this parameter. Other therapeutic strategies aiming at improving NK‐cell function could improve outcomes in DLBCL.
Reflections on oral health inequalities: Theories, pathways and next steps for research priorities
Authors: Tsakos Georgios , Watt Richard G. , Guarnizo‐Herreño Carol C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHealth inequalities, including those in oral health, are a critical problem of social injustice worldwide, while the COVID‐19 pandemic has magnified previously existing inequalities and created new ones. This commentary offers a summary of the main frameworks used in the literature of oral health inequalities, reviews the evidence and discusses the potential role of different pathways/mechanisms to explain inequalities. Research in this area needs now to move from documenting oral health inequalities, towards explaining them, understanding the complex mechanisms underlying their production and reproduction and looking at interventions to tackle them. In particular, the importance of interdisciplinary theory‐driven research, intersectionality frameworks and the use of the best available analytical methodologies including qualitative research is discussed. Further research on understanding the role of structural determinants on creating and shaping inequalities in oral health is needed, such as a focus on political economy analysis. The co‐design of interventions to reduce oral health inequalities is an area of priority and can highlight the critical role of context and inform decision‐making. The evaluation of such interventions needs to consider their public health impact and employ the wider range of methodological tools available rather than focus entirely on the traditional approach, based primarily on randomized controlled trials. Civil society engagement and various advocacy strategies are also necessary to make progress in the field.
Localized activity alternations in periventricular nodular heterotopia‐related epilepsy
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Zhang Hesheng , Hu Xinyu , Zhou Dong , Wu Xintong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePeriventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a common type of heterotopia usually characterized by epilepsy. Previous studies have identified alterations in structural and functional connectivity related to this disorder, but its local functional neural basis has received less attention. The purpose of this study was to combine univariate analysis and a Gaussian process classifier (GPC) to assess local activity and further explore neuropathological mechanisms in PNH‐related epilepsy.MethodsWe used a 3.0‐T scanner to acquire resting‐state data and measure local regional homogeneity (ReHo) alterations in 38 patients with PNH‐related epilepsy and 38 healthy controls (HCs). We first assessed ReHo alterations by comparing the PNH group to the HC group using traditional univariate analysis. Next, we applied a GPC to explore whether ReHo could be used to differentiate PNH patients from healthy patients at an individual level.ResultsCompared to HCs, PNH‐related epilepsy patients exhibited lower ReHo in the left insula extending to the putamen as well as in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) extending to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) [p < 0.05, family‐wise error corrected]. Both of these regions were also correlated with epilepsy duration. Furthermore, the ReHo GPC classification yielded a 76.32% accuracy (sensitivity = 71.05% and specificity = 81.58%) with p < 0.001 after permutation testing.InterpretationUsing the resting‐state approach, we identified localized activity alterations in the left insula extending to the putamen and the sgACC extending to the OFC, providing pathophysiological evidence of PNH. These local connectivity patterns may provide a means to differentiate PNH patients from HCs.