bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolite profile variation of chili pepper genotypes for resistance to aphids infestation
Authors: Daryanto A , Syukur M , Sobir  , Maharijaya A , Hidayat P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The cotton aphids (CA) were reported to reduce chili pepper production in tropical area and transmits several viruses. Using resistant cultivars can reduce the number of insecticide sprays and maintain natural enemies. The research objective was to evaluate aphid infestation in seven chili pepper genotypes and investigate secondary metabolite profiles under aphid infestation. Seven chili pepper genotypes belonging to the species Capsicum annuum L. were used in this study. The experiment was conducted using a four-replication randomized complete block design. We used a no-choice clip cage test to evaluate the chili pepper genotype. The evaluation was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Each plant was infested with one aphid using a wet brush in an insect-proof cage about five weeks after sowing. The resistance level was determined after seven days of infection (7 DAI) by counting the number of aphids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used to perform untargeted metabolomic studies. The results showed that IPB C20 and IPB C367 genotypes had low aphid infestation, while IPB C313 showed the highest aphid infestation. Untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS detected 16 metabolites in the control plant and 27 in the treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) (PC1 = 62% and PC2 = 23%) can used to differentiate metabolites among resistant genotypes, susceptible genotypes, and control plants. Chili pepper resistance to aphid infestation was antibiosis with numerous potential metabolite chemicals, such as fluorobenzoic acid, which strongly connected with decreased aphid colonies at 7 DAI. This study will be useful for pest control and will aid in the developing of aphid-resistant cultivars.
Seed treatments and seedling root soaking in biological agents improved plant growth and reduced bacterial leaf blight disease incidence in rice
Authors: Lizansari K N , Machmud M , Ilyas S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial leaf blight (BLB) is caused byXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo), a seed-soil-air-borne pathogen that can reduce 60% of rice yield. The primary study intended to investigate the effect of seed treatments and root soaking with biological agents (a mixture ofPseudomonas diminutaandBacillus subtilis) on plant growth and the severity of BLB in a greenhouse. A split-plot experimental design was used with seed treatments as the main plot: negative control, positive control (Xoo inoculated), bactericide (streptomycin sulfate 20%) 0.2%, biopriming with biological agents 108CFU ml−1, matriconditioning plus bactericide 0.2%, biomatriconditioning with biological agents 108CFU ml−1. The subplots were root soaking: untreated, bactericide 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%; biological agents 106CFU ml−1, 108CFU ml−1, and 1010CFU ml−1. Biomatriconditioning reduced the BLB incidence three weeks after sowing from 10.6% to 1.7% and increased plant height four weeks after transplanting (WAT). Biomatriconditioning followed by root soaking in the biological agents or 0.4 % bactericide increased plant dry weight 3 WAT. Biomatriconditioning or root soaking in the biological agents (106CFU ml−1) provided the most significant number of tillers 4 WAT.
Molecular characterization of Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) from Bogor using late expression factor-8 gene
Authors: Kusumah YM , Ilhami MAW , Kurniawati F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) is a biological agent successfully developed as a bio insecticide to control S. litura. NPV is host-specific. Therefore, it only infects particular insects. NPV identification is needed so its use can be right on target. Molecular Identification by PCR has been used to characterise Baculovirus. Ac17, lef-2, polh, p35, and 16s RNA, are genes that are often used to identify NPVs. However, the lef-8 gene is the most conserved gene for NPV identification. We conducted this research to study SpltNPV molecular characterisation through nucleotide and amino acid using the lef-8 gene. The NPV isolate was propagated in the Insect Pathology Laboratory. We use the CTAB method to purify the NPV DNA. Forward TCCAAACGTCGATTACG and reverse GACAGGCAGGTTTCTAA primers were used to amplify the lef-8 gene of SpltNPV. The molecular character was used to describe the relationship of SpltNPV isolate with the other NPV reported in GenBank. The lef-8 gene can be used to identify SpltNPV. Based on nucleotides and amino acids sequence of the lef-8 gene, the homology of SpltNPV Bogor has the highest similarity to SpltNPV of German isolates of 99% and 94%. Based on the left-8 gene sequence phylogeny, the Bogor SpltNPV isolate is a member of the same group as the NPV on Spodoptera and Amsacta.
The biological response of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in several different types of host plants
Authors: Afifah Lutfi , Oktaviani Sintia , Surjana Tatang , Irfan Budi , Priyo Prabowo Dwi , Bagus Widiawan Aditya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda becomes a significant pest of maize. The presence of these pests can be a threat because these pests have a high cruising range, high reproduction speed, and strong destructive power. Aimed of this research is to decisive the biological responses of larvae in several host plants. The method used was using four different types of host plants: maize P36 variety, spinach Retina variety, Mustard greens Tosakan variety, and green beans Vima 1 variety. The results obtained were the average attack intensity of S. frugiperda with the Choice Test showed that the highest attack intensity was 87.5% on Mustard greens Tosakan variety, not significantly different from the intensity of attack on maize varieties P36, which was 56.2%. The mortality percentage of S. frugiperda larvae in all treatments had no significant effect with the highest mortality in spinach plants (37.25%) and the lowest mortality in maize plants (18.75%). The average length of development of S. frugiperda larvae from instars 2 to 6 on various feed alternatives ranged from 1.7 days to a maximum of 3.3 days. The average percentage of the development from Larvae into Pupae showed the highest percentage on maize was 81.25% and the lowest percentage was spinach (50%). The average percentage of the development from pupae into adult showed the highest on maize plants (68.75%). Fall armyworm can also attack other hosts such as Mustard greens, spinach, and green beans. It is necessary to increase vigilance against this pest because this pest has many alternative hosts.
Land cover changes and spatial planning alignment in East Java Province
Authors: Nurfaizah D , Pravitasari AE , Lubis I , Saizen I 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
According to the East Java Regional Medium-Term Development Plan 2019-2024, East Java is a food barn and the largest contributor to national food availability. On the other hand, East Java is the province with the second-largest population in Indonesia. During the last ten years, East Java’s population growth was 0.79 percent, which caused pressure on land resources and caused rivalry in land use utilization. This will undoubtedly jeopardize East Java’s status as a national food storage facility. The objective of this research is to analyze land cover changes of East Java Province from 2000 to 2020, as well as to analyze the relationship between spatial usage and the spatial plan (RTRW) and develop directions for spatial utilization of East Java Province in supporting its role as a national food barn. The method used in this research is the overlay technique to identify land cover changes and alignment with a spatial plan, and descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the most common agricultural land cover changes in East Java were as follows, from forests to dryland agriculture, paddy fields to dryland agriculture and built-up areas, and scrubland to dryland agriculture. Through this research, we arrange a direction for spatial utilization of East Java to protect the productive agricultural land and to ensure that this province remains a national food barn in the future.
Land suitability analysis and direction for plantation commodities development in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java
Authors: Pravitasari A.E. , Kusumaningtyas A.R. , Mulya S.P. , Wulandari S. , Stanny Y.A. , Hor S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The plantation is one of the essential sub-sectors and encourages economic growth in Pekalongan Regency with the contribution of the 2020 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of 17.01%. Our previous studies indicate that the leading plantation commodities in Pekalongan Regency are tea, coffee, cloves, sugarcane, and coconut. This study aims to analyze the land availability and land suitability to arrange the direction for leading plantation commodities development in Pekalongan Regency. The methods used in this study are land availability and land suitability analysis, as well as an overlay method using several data/maps such as soil, rainfall, slope, land use, forest area, and spatial planning maps (RTRW). The results showed that the available land for the development of plantation commodities is 47,782.55 ha. Based on land suitability analysis results on leading plantation commodities, there are three categories of land suitability classes, which are S1 (highly suitable), S2 (moderately suitable), and S3 (marginally suitable), with different spatial distributions for each commodity. The directions for developing leading plantation commodities in Pekalongan Regency are (1) tea in Paninggaran Sub-district; (2) coffee in Lebakbarang Sub-district; (3) cloves in 3 sub-districts, namely Kandangserang, Talun, and Doro; (4) coconut in 6 sub-districts, namely Sragi, Siwalan, Bojong, Buaran, Tirto, and Wonokerto; and (5) sugarcane in the Sub-districts of Karanganyar, Kajen, Kesesi, Wonopringgo, Karangdadap, and Kedungwuni. From the study, it can be seen that five leading plantation commodities are suitable for cultivation in Pekalongan Regency. Following the direction of leading plantation commodities development, it is expected to increase the productivity and economic welfare of the local community.
Characterization and pretreatment of breaking seed dormancy Livistona speciosa Kurz, collection of Bogor Botanical Gardens
Authors: Wanda I F , Oksari A A , Cahyani C P R , Agustin E K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The palm plant, Livistona speciosa Kurz, belongs to the Arecaceae family. The slow germination of the seeds is just one of the issues this plant faces throughout its growth. This research aims to identify seeds’ morphological traits and the breakdown of seed dormancy. Observations made were testing viability, moisture content, characteristics of fruit and seeds, the effect of pretreatment on seed germination. The dry heat treatment at 50°C, the hot water soak at 50°C, the soak with GA and IAA solution for 1 hour, and the seed scarification treatment are the methods used to treat seeds that are breaking their dormancy. The results revealed the fruit was rounded, average length: 26,755 ± 1,253 mm; Diameter: 21.33 ± 1,356 mm and weight: 7,786 ± 0.906 grams. Ovoid-shaped seeds; average length: 20,772 ± 1.182 mm; diameter: 16.561 ± 1,160 mm and weight: 3.756 ± 0.648 gr. The highest germination capacity (pre-treatment of oven-dry 50°C and immersion with GA and IAA treatments) and the highest germination coefficient and simultaneously (hot water treatment at 50°C).
Analysis of the vigor of Melaleuca Leucadendron L. seeds exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Putri K P , Zanzibar M , Yulianti  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray irradiation is a type of ionizing radiation that can be used to improve the physiological quality of Melaleuca leucadendron L. (gelam) seeds. The focus of the research was to observe the influence of gamma-ray exposed on the vigor of new, and stored seeds of M. leucadendron. Viability testing was carried out. The analyzed of statistic were variance analyzed by analysis using one factor with thirteen treatments (0; 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960 Gy) and four replication. A T-test was conducted to decide the effect of the seed storage period on seed viability for all doses of gamma-ray exposure treatment. The new M. leucadendron seeds irradiated up to 960 Gy did not reduce the number of sprouts. However, the seed storage vigor decreased in almost all irradiated doses after two months of storage, except at a dose of 2.5 Gy. The conclusion of this research shows that low-dose irradiation treatment can increase the vigor of the M. leucadendron seeds that have been stored, and it will contribute to the effort to maintain seed viability for conservation purposes.
Green medicated supplement (Green MS) can reduce enteric methane emission from forage-based ruminant rations: In vitro study
Authors: Wahyono T , Widodo S , Kurniawati A , Anggraeny Y N , Widiawati Y , Rofiq M N , Herliatika A , Priyoatmojo D , Syahputra A R , Sasongko W T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
About 25% of the anthropogenic methane emissions are due to ruminal fermentation from ruminant livestock. Green medicated supplement (Green MS) is a prototype herb and slow-release urea-based supplement to reduce methane emissions from livestock. This experiment aimed to evaluate the methane emission and digestibility of forage-based rations supplemented with Green MS. This study examines six forages (palm oil leaves, rice straw, Napier grass, sugarcane leaves, native grass and maize straw). That six forages were supplemented with Green MS. The total treatments were 12, with four replications. A completely randomized design was applied in this study. Besides native grass, Green MS can reduce in vitro enteric methane by 0.23 - 3.05 ml/200 mg DM (P < 0.05). However, Green MS did not change the value of all forage’s optimum gas production (a+b). It is interesting to note that gas production from non-soluble fibre (GPNSF) could be enhanced with Green MS in maize straw and native grass (P < 0.05). The response to supplements varies depending on the utilization of the feed substrate in incubation. In conclusion, without affecting feed digestibility, Green MS supplementation could lower enteric methane emissions.
Community preferences for agroforestry patterns in supporting future forestry development
Authors: Novasari Destia , Wulandari Christine , Harianto Sugeng P. , Gumay Febryano Indra , Bakri Samsul , Kaskoyo Hari 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Through the selecting cropping patterns can be used as a strategy to regulate the success rate of land management it can contribute to deciding the level of the earth’s temperature through the selection of plant species. The high level of the earth’s temperature causes various impacts such as an increase in drought, which affects the agricultural industry, changes in weather that affect the success of planting, to the food crisis. Therefore, the selection of plant species must be done correctly and in accordance with the preferences of farmers. The choice of plant types that are by following the wishes of farmers can increase the motivation of farmers to maintain and caring for plants so that the success rate of planting will be higher. Therefore, it is essential to research farmers’ preferences in choosing crop types and agroforestry cropping patterns (simple agroforestry and complex agroforestry) because the amount of carbon stored by plants will depend on farmers’ preferences. The purpose of this study is to determine the preferences of farmers in choosing types of crops and agroforestry cropping patterns by using decision-making analysis methods. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 at the Batutegi Forest Management Unit, Tanggamus Regency, and Lampung Province. Research results show that the aspects considered by farmers are the aspects considered by farmers in choosing plant types and cropping patterns were production orientation (100%), time and labor (95.65%), biophysical conditions (80.43%), knowledge (80.43%) and the ability to invest in plants (36.96%). The reasons for farmers choosing crop types and cropping patterns are income (100%), productivity (88.89%), production speed (82.22%), and ease of harvesting (37.78%). As many as 73% of farmers who choose complex agroforestry cropping patterns have a more significant role in minimizing the impact of global warming. This happens because complex agroforestry cropping patterns are able to minimize the effects of global warming more optimally with larger stored carbon stocks of 765.61 tons/ha when compared to simple agroforestry planting patterns with carbon stocks of 356.21 tons/ha.
Insect diversity on wheat as a new cultivation crop in West Sumatera
Authors: Reflinaldon  , Hamid H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As a new crop is being introduced, wheat will affect the diversity of insects in the highlands, which is usually a vegetable planting area in West Sumatra. This study focuses on collecting, identifying, and comparing insect species richness and evenness on introduced wheat plants for one growing season. The result found 48 species from 45 families within seven orders of insects. The insect’s function was role of herbivores (12 families), predators (11 families), parasitoids (7 families), pollinators (6 families), and decomposers (9 families). The dominant insects found in wheat plantations are Aphididae as herbivores, Formicidae as predators, Onychiuridae as detritivores, Syrphidae as pollinators, and Ichneumonidae as parasitoids. Based on its function, the diversity index in herbivores is higher (H’=2.1) than in natural enemies (H’= 2) and detritivores (H’= 0.47). The highest evenness index was found for herbivores (E=0.85) from natural enemies (E=0.63) and detritivores (E=0.21). This paper will discuss wheat’s growth stages against species richness and evenness.
An android-based start-up app for self-agriculture and food
Authors: Pangestu A , Al-Hakim R R , Hidayah H A , Jaenul A , Arief Y Z , Ekawati R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Several sectors, including technology, influence the need for food to date. Global heating conditions also impact the existing food system since poor agricultural conditions reduce farm product output and increase famine risk. As cybernated start-ups develop, it enables multiple parties to develop start-ups in farming and food sectors. This study aims to develop a self-agriculture and food start-up app based on Android OS. This application allows each user to prepare and commercialise food items autonomously. The system is intended to encourage individuals to perform tasks such as cultivating and selling harvests, purchasing dietary commodities, and monitoring current microclimate circumstances.
Automatic detection of an early stage of basal stem rot disease infection using VGG16 and mask R-CNN
Authors: Zhi Yong Lai , Khairunniza-Bejo Siti , Jahari Mahirah , Melissa Muharam Farrah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Oil palm is the world’s most important oil crop, accounting for roughly 40% of all traded vegetable oil. Basal Stem Rot (BSR) has posed a significant concern to the oil palm industry, particularly in Southeast Asia, as it has the potential to cause substantial economic losses. Laboratory-based methods are reliable for early BSR detection. However, they are costly and destructive. Other methodologies used a semi-automatic approach which requires human intervention. Therefore, this paper presents an automatic detection of BSR using hyperspectral data and a deep learning approach, which includes a Mask R-CNN for image segmentation and a VGG16 as a classifier. The Mask R-CNN was trained using Set B images, and the images in Set A were masked using the mask produced by the Mask R-CNN. The VGG16 was trained with the masked images (Set A). This fully automatic approach demonstrated high model performance with 85.46% accuracy, 86.74% F1 score, 95.02% recall, and a classification time of 0.08s/image. The findings of this research have the potential to significantly benefit the oil palm industry by automatically detecting BSR at an early stage, thus allowing for the prevention of disease spread. It can also help solve the problem of labor shortage.
Web-based GIS for simulation, and visualisation: EPANET and data-rich shapefiles
Authors: Lewis Gareth , Snider Brett , Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia Lydia , Chen Albert S , Djordjević Slobodan , Savić Dragan A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The management of water resources often involves with spatially and temporally varied information collected from various providers with different data formats. Although certain software or applications such as QGIS[1] and EPANET[2] have been developed to support the analyses and decision making, these solutions do have some critical weaknesses: 1) it can take users considerable time to become proficient in using a given application, 2) applications generally assume a level of domain-specific knowledge, 3) applications may require customisation through plug-ins to provide suitable information and 4) applications are often tied to specific hardware / operating system configurations. To address these issues, the aqua3s and Fiware4Water research programmes were developed as ‘cloud first’ projects, using the cloud/web to deliver functionality. In this work, we developed approaches for integrating and visualising information to support water management, specifically developing a web-based EPANET simulation and visualisation for large water networks (c30,000 EPANET nodes and links), and a web-based visualisation of regional flood data shapefiles for Trieste and surrounding regions. In both cases, data was processed and balanced between client and server to minimise client loading and maximise responsiveness.
Which models for extreme flood events in Mediterranean catchments?
Authors: Gourbesville Philippe , Ghulami Masoud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Over the last years, most of the Mediterranean countries have been affected by catastrophic flood events generated by never observed before extreme rainfalls. Those events are frequently convective and stationary for several hours. The recorded intensities have frequently values exceeding 100 mm/hour and can last for several hours. Under those specific conditions as during the storm ALEX of October 2020, the runoff processes are particularly intense and can generate massive floods. Mitigation strategies should be developed and based on modeling that can support the understanding of the processes and the forecast the magnitude of the flood events and the associated impacts. The choice of the relevant hydrological modeling tools is a key element. The selected ones should be able to provide the relevant information, on time and with the relevant accuracy for the decision makers. The hydrological deterministic distributed models have reached a sufficient maturity to provide an accurate representation of the processes. The storm ALEX was generating more than 500 mm in less than 6 hours and producing a devastating flood within the Vésubie valley (France) in October 2020. The analysis of the event has demonstrated the difficulty to obtain consistent field observations and the limitations of many stochastic hydrological tools. The application of the AquaVar approach, combining several distributed deterministic models, has demonstrated its capacity to generate meaningful hydrographs and to quantify process with the catchment. The proposed solution is currently implemented within a real-time decision support system and can be used in real-time.