bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomics with Firms and Stock Markets
Authors: Driver Ciaran 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Empirical work on stock market data, coupled with behavioural findings on corporate decision-making, have produced a set of challenges for orthodox macroeconomics. This paper critically considers the work of Andrew Smithers and related contributions, the insights from which have largely been ignored in consensus economics. Key features of this alternative framework are a rejection of efficient markets; a distinction between market and fundamental value of assets; the need to consider multiple financial assets; perverse effects of managerial compensation; the heterogeneity of economic actors; and behavioural theories of corporate decisions. The way that these facets are unified in a coherent critique marks Smithers out as an original thinker. But his work should also be seen in the context of past and contemporary authors who have attempted to incorporate firms and shareholders into economic theory. Despite the broad historical sweep of his work, Smithers has surprisingly little to say about political economy. Apart from references to executive compensation, his account does not differentiate much between the managerial capitalism and the era of shareholder value that has characterized major Anglophone countries since the 1980s. The result of this is that doubts remain over elements of his theory and that some policy implications are uncertain or unexplored.
Genetic basis of lineage-specific evolution of fruit traits in hexaploid persimmon
Authors: Horiuchi Ayano , Masuda Kanae , Shirasawa Kenta , Onoue Noriyuki , Matsuzaki Ryusuke , Tao Ryutaro , Kubo Yasutaka , Ushijima Koichiro , Akagi Takashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Frequent polyploidization events in plants have led to the establishment of many lineage-specific traits representing each species. Little is known about the genetic bases for these specific traits in polyploids, presumably due to plant genomic complexity and their difficulties in applying genetic approaches. Hexaploid Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) has evolved specific fruit characteristics, including wide variations in fruit shapes and astringency. In this study, using whole-genome diploidized/quantitative genotypes from ddRAD-Seq data of 173 persimmon cultivars, we examined their population structures and potential correlations between their structural transitions and variations in nine fruit traits. The population structures of persimmon cultivars were highly randomized and not substantially correlated with the representative fruit traits focused on in this study, except for fruit astringency. With genome-wide association analytic tools considering polyploid alleles, we identified the loci associated with the nine fruit traits; we mainly focused on fruit-shape variations, which have been numerically characterized by principal component analysis of elliptic Fourier descriptors. The genomic regions that putatively underwent selective sweep exhibited no overlap with the loci associated with these persimmon-specific fruit traits. These insights will contribute to understanding the genetic mechanisms by which fruit traits are independently established, possibly due to polyploidization events.
Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Molecular Circuitry of Stem Cell Fate in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Aging
Authors: Bodine Sue C , Sinha Indranil , Sweeney Hugh Lee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex and highly adaptable tissue. With aging, there is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, and a reduced capacity for regeneration and repair following injury. A review of the literature shows that the primary mechanisms underlying the age-related loss of muscle mass and the attenuated growth response are multi-factorial and related to alterations in multiple processes, including proteostasis, mitochondrial function, extracellular matrix remodeling, and neuromuscular junction function. Multiple factors influence the rate of sarcopenia, including acute illness and trauma, followed by incomplete recovery and repair. Regeneration and repair of damaged skeletal muscle involve an orchestrated cross-talk between multiple cell populations, including satellite cells, immune cells, and fibro-adipogenic precursor cells. Proof-of-concept studies in mice have demonstrated that reprogramming of this disrupted orchestration, resulting in the normalization of muscle function, may be possible using small molecules that target muscle macrophages. During aging, as well as in muscular dystrophies, disruptions in multiple signaling pathways and in the cross-talk between different cell populations contribute to the failure to properly repair and maintain muscle mass and function.
Synergistic Strategies to Accelerate the Development of Function-Promoting Therapies: Lessons From Operation Warp Speed and Oncology Drug Development
Authors: Correa-de Araujo Rosaly , Evans William J , Fielding Roger A , Krishnan Venkatesh , Carter Robert H , Appleby James , Guralnik Jack , Klickstein Lloyd B , Marks Peter , Moore Alison A , Peschin Sue , Bhasin Shalender 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Functional limitations and physical disabilities associated with aging and chronic disease are major concerns for human societies and expeditious development of function-promoting therapies is a public health priority.

Methods
Expert panel discussion.

Results
The remarkable success of Operation Warp Speed for the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 therapeutics, and of oncology drug development programs over the past decade have taught us that complex public health problems such as the development of function-promoting therapies will require collaboration among many stakeholders, including academic investigators, the National Institutes of Health, professional societies, patients and patient advocacy organizations, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Conclusions
There was agreement that the success of well designed, adequately powered clinical trials will require careful definitions of indication/s, study population, and patient-important endpoints that can be reliably measured using validated instruments, commensurate resource allocation, and versatile organizational structures such as those used in Operation Warp Speed.
Nutritional Interventions: Dietary Protein Needs and Influences on Skeletal Muscle of Older Adults
Authors: Campbell Wayne W , Deutz Nicolaas E P , Volpi Elena , Apovian Caroline M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
This narrative review describes foundational and emerging evidence of how dietary protein intakes may influence muscle-related attributes of older adults.

Methods
PubMed was used to identify pertinent research.

Results
Among medically stable older adults, protein intakes below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) (0.8 g/kg body weight [BW]/d) exacerbate age-related reductions in muscle size, quality, and function. Dietary patterns with total protein intakes at or moderately above the RDA, including one or preferably more meals containing sufficient dietary protein to maximize protein anabolism, promote muscle size and function. Some observational studies suggest protein intakes from 1.0 to 1.6 g/kg BW/d may promote greater muscle strength and function more so than muscle size. Experimental findings from randomized controlled feeding trials indicate protein intakes greater than the RDA (averaging ~1.3 g/kg BW/d) do not influence indices of lean body mass or muscle and physical functions with non-stressed conditions, but positively influence changes in lean body mass with purposeful catabolic (energy restriction) or anabolic (resistance exercise training) stressors. Among older adults with diagnosed medical conditions or acute illness, specialized protein or amino acid supplements that stimulate muscle protein synthesis and improve protein nutritional status may attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function and improve survival of malnourished patients. Observational studies favor animal versus plant protein sources for sarcopenia-related parameters.

Conclusions
Quantity, quality, and patterning of dietary protein consumed by older adults with varied metabolic states, and hormonal and health status influence the nutritional needs and therapeutic use of protein to support muscle size and function.
Novel Potential Targets for Function-Promoting Therapies: Orphan Nuclear Receptors, Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Troponin Activators, Mas Receptor Agonists, and Urolithin A
Authors: Dioh Waly , Narkar Vihang , Singh Anurag , Malik Fady , Ferrucci Luigi , Tourette Cendrine , Mariani Jean , van Maanen Rob , Fielding Roger A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, several new classes of therapies have been investigated with their potential for restoring or improving physical functioning in older adults. These have included Mas receptor agonists, regulators of mitophagy, skeletal muscle troponin activators, anti-inflammatory compounds, and targets of orphan nuclear receptors. The present article summarizes recent developments of the function-promoting effects of these exciting new compounds and shares relevant preclinical and clinical data related to their safety and efficacy. The development of novel compounds in this area is expanding and likely will need the advent of a new treatment paradigm for age-associated mobility loss and disability.
Event recognition in marine seismological data using Random Forest machine learning classifier
Authors: Domel Przemyslaw , Hibert Clément , Schlindwein Vera , Plaza-Faverola Andreia 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYAutomatic detection of seismic events in ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data is difficult due to elevated levels of noise compared to the recordings from land. Popular deep-learning approaches that work well with earthquakes recorded on land perform poorly in a marine setting. Their adaptation to OBS data requires catalogues containing hundreds of thousands of labelled event examples that currently do not exist, especially for signals different than earthquakes. Therefore, the usual routine involves standard amplitude-based detection methods and manual processing to obtain events of interest. We present here the first attempt to utilize a Random Forest supervised machine learning classifier on marine seismological data to automate catalogue screening and event recognition among different signals [i.e. earthquakes, short duration events (SDE) and marine noise sources]. The detection approach uses the short-term average/long-term average method, enhanced by a kurtosis-based picker for a more precise recognition of the onset of events. The subsequent machine learning method uses a previously published set of signal features (waveform-, frequency- and spectrum-based), applied successfully in recognition of different classes of events in land seismological data. Our workflow uses a small subset of manually selected signals for the initial training procedure and we then iteratively evaluate and refine the model using subsequent OBS stations within one single deployment in the eastern Fram Strait, between Greenland and Svalbard. We find that the used set of features is well suited for the discrimination of different classes of events during the training step. During the manual verification of the automatic detection results, we find that the produced catalogue of earthquakes contains a large number of noise examples, but almost all events of interest are properly captured. By providing increasingly larger sets of noise examples we see an improvement in the quality of the obtained catalogues. Our final model reaches an average accuracy of 87 per cent in recognition between the classes, comparable to classification results for data from land. We find that, from the used set of features, the most important in separating the different classes of events are related to the kurtosis of the envelope of the signal in different frequencies, the frequency with the highest energy and overall signal duration. We illustrate the implementation of the approach by using the temporal and spatial distribution of SDEs as a case study. We used recordings from six OBSs deployed between 2019 and 2020 off the west-Svalbard coast to investigate the potential link of SDEs to fluid dynamics and discuss the robustness of the approach by analysing SDE intensity, periodicity and distance to seepage sites in relation to other published studies on SDEs.
The lived experience of financial harm from gambling in Australia
Authors: Marko Sarah , Thomas Samantha L , Pitt Hannah , Daube Mike 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The financial consequences associated with harmful gambling create significant health and social stressors for individuals, their families, and communities. However, there has been limited research exploring how people impacted by gambling harm conceptualise and experience the financial impacts on their lives. To help fill this gap, this study used in-depth qualitative interviews with gamblers harmed by their own gambling and affected others harmed by someone else’s gambling. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. The study had three key findings. First, prior to experiencing harm, gamblers and affected others did not consider the financial risks associated with gambling and only recognised the risks once the financial losses negatively impacted other areas of their lives. Second, gamblers and affected others managed the day-to-day financial impacts of gambling by adjusting their financial priorities, reducing spending in other areas, or accruing debt. Finally, the financial impacts of gambling and the associated financial management strategies led to broader and long-term problems for gamblers and affected others. This study demonstrates that financial harms from gambling are complex and contribute to the stigmatisation of people who experience harm. Current educational messages and tools simplify this complex issue and may legitimise gambling as a leisure activity which can be managed by making ‘responsible’ financial decisions. Public health and health promotion initiatives must recognise this complexity, developing approaches that are independent from the gambling industry and informed by lived experience.
Predictive Links between Petal Color and Pigment Quantities in Natural Penstemon Hybrids
Authors: Stevens Joshua T E , Wheeler Lucas C , Williams Noah H , Norton Alice M , Wessinger Carolyn A 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Flowers have evolved remarkable diversity in petal color, in large part due to pollinator-mediated selection. This diversity arises from specialized metabolic pathways that generate conspicuous pigments. Despite the clear link between flower color and floral pigment production, quantitative models inferring predictive relationships between pigmentation and reflectance spectra have not been reported. In this study, we analyze a dataset consisting of hundreds of natural Penstemon hybrids that exhibit variation in flower color, including blue, purple, pink, and red. For each individual hybrid, we measured anthocyanin pigment content and petal spectral reflectance. We found that floral pigment quantities are correlated with hue, chroma, and brightness as calculated from petal spectral reflectance data: hue is related to the relative amounts of delphinidin vs. pelargonidin pigmentation, whereas brightness and chroma are correlated with the total anthocyanin pigmentation. We used a partial least squares regression approach to identify predictive relationships between pigment production and petal reflectance. We find that pigment quantity data provide robust predictions of petal reflectance, confirming a pervasive assumption that differences in pigmentation should predictably influence flower color. Moreover, we find that reflectance data enables accurate inferences of pigment quantities, where the full reflectance spectra provide much more accurate inference of pigment quantities than spectral attributes (brightness, chroma, and hue). Our predictive framework provides readily interpretable model coefficients relating spectral attributes of petal reflectance to underlying pigment quantities. These relationships represent key links between genetic changes affecting anthocyanin production and the ecological functions of petal coloration.
Clinical impact of time to results from the microbiology laboratory in bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (TIME-CPE STUDY)
Authors: De La Villa Sofía , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Sánchez-Martínez Celia , Cercenado Emilia , Padilla Belén , Álvarez-Uría Ana , Aguilera-Alonso David , Bermejo Esther , Ramos Rafael , Alcalá Luis , Marín Mercedes , Valerio Maricela , Urbina Luciana , Muñoz Patricia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of time to results (TTR) on the outcome of patients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (CPE-BSI).MethodsTimes-series study conducted from January 2014 to December 2021, selecting patients with first CPE-BSI episodes. Periods of intervention were defined according to implementation of diagnostic bundle tests in the microbiology laboratory: pre-intervention (January 2014–December 2017) and post-intervention (January 2018–December 2021). TTR was defined as time elapsed from positivity time of the blood culture bottles to physicians’ notification of CPE-BSI episodes, and was evaluated in patients who received inappropriate empirical and switched to appropriate targeted treatment (switch group). Analysis of a composite unfavourable outcome (mortality at Day 30 and/or persistent and/or recurrent bacteraemia) was performed for the total episodes and in the switch group.ResultsOne hundred and nine episodes were analysed: 66 pre-intervention and 43 post-intervention. Compared with pre-intervention, patients in the post-intervention period were younger (68 versus 63 years, P = 0.04), had INCREMENT score &gt; 7 (31.8% versus 53.5%, P = 0.02) and unfavourable outcome (37.9% versus 20.9%, P = 0.04). Proportion of TTR &gt; 30 h was more frequent pre-intervention than post-intervention (61.7% versus 35.5%, P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis of the 109 episodes, source other than urinary or biliary (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.11–6.86) was associated with unfavourable outcome, while targeted appropriate treatment trended to being protective (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–1.00). Considering the switch group (n = 78), source other than urinary or biliary (OR 14.9, 95% CI 3.25–69.05) and TTR &gt; 30 h (OR 4.72, 95% CI 1.29–17.22) were associated with unfavourable outcome.ConclusionsDecreased TTR in the post-intervention period was associated with the outcome in patients with CPE-BSI episodes.
A targetable pathway to eliminate TRA-1-60+/TRA-1-81+ chemoresistant cancer cells
Authors: Tan Lei , Duan Xiaohua , Mutyala Pratyusha , Zhou Ting , Amin Sadaf , Zhang Tuo , Herbst Brian , Askan Gokce , Itkin Tomer , Xiang Zhaoying , Michelassi Fabrizio , Lieberman Michael D , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A , Leach Steven D , Evans Todd , Chen Shuibing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chemoresistance is a primary cause of treatment failure in pancreatic cancer. Identifying cell surface markers specifically expressed in chemoresistant cancer cells (CCCs) could facilitate targeted therapies to overcome chemoresistance. We performed an antibody-based screen and found that TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, two ‘stemness’ cell surface markers, are highly enriched in CCCs. Furthermore, TRA-1-60+/TRA-1-81+ cells are chemoresistant compared to TRA-1-60–/TRA-1-81– cells. Transcriptome profiling identified UGT1A10, shown to be both necessary and sufficient to maintain TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression and chemoresistance. From a high-content chemical screen, we identified Cymarin, which downregulates UGT1A10, eliminates TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression, and increases chemosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression is highly specific in primary cancer tissue and positively correlated with chemoresistance and short survival, which highlights their potentiality for targeted therapy. Therefore, we discovered a novel CCC surface marker regulated by a pathway that promotes chemoresistance, as well as a leading drug candidate to target this pathway.
CK-7 negative primary lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tchienga Dimitri , Ascio Noelani-Mei , Qureshi Abid , Razia Sultana , Romulo Genato , Asarian Armand , Xiao Philip , Nouthe Brice , Belinga Dominique 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cytokeratin (CK) 7 is normally expressed in the vast majority of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). However, on rare occasions, as reported in this paper, CK7 negativity can challenge the diagnosis of pulmonary ADC. Hence, the need to use a combination of ‘immunomarkers’ such as thyroid transcription factor 1, Napsin A, p40, p63 and CK20.
A dialectometric approach to inner Asia Minor Greek: Comparisons and associations between linguistic levels
Authors: Bompolas Stavros , Melissaropoulou Dimitra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Even though dialectometric approaches have significantly contributed to the development of dialectology in the last few decades, no relevant analyses have ever been performed on Modern Greek dialects. This article attempts to fill this gap by using dialectometric techniques to measure the degrees of association between aggregate morphological, phonological, and syntactic differences in nineteen varieties of inner Asia Minor Greek (i.e. of Cappadocian, Pharasiot, and Silliot). Our methods include correlations (between pairs of linguistic levels and between linguistic levels and geography) as well as multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis (of the whole dataset as well as of the linguistic levels), which allow us, on the one hand, to draw conclusions about the associations of linguistic levels and the distributions of dialects and, on the other hand, to directly compare our results to those coming from previous dialectometric studies and Greek dialectology. Results show that, although the complete dataset, phonology, and morphology yield—in some instances—similar patterns (i.e. high correlations between them as well as with geography, high agreement of dialect classifications), the level of syntax deviates the most, which is interpreted as a tendency to form larger dialect areas. Our findings are consistent with patterns found in earlier large-scale studies in dialectometry, but they only partially confirm the classifications of Greek dialectology.
New frontiers in linguistic research: Eliminating the challenges of understanding the genetics of language through bioinformatics
Authors: Vinoliya Annuncy , Ponniah Joseph 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The contemporary research in linguistics aims to forge an understanding of consilience by evading the stereotypic semantic studies in linguistics. Modern linguistics calls for understanding language evolution, language production, and language disorders in association with neuro-genetic studies. To undertake genetic trials, language scholars from the humanities and social sciences disciplines have constraints like funding, inaccessibility to genetic labs, and ethical issues over biological bodies. To resolve the constraints and to enhance extensive knowledge on the genetic association with language, this article employs bioinformatics tools, namely the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and the Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT). Through the BLAST tool, the article aids the language researcher to understand language evolution, and through the application of SIFT, the article highlights mutation points in the gene of a severe speech disorder. Finally, the article emphasizes the inclusion of bioinformatics in the field of humanities and social sciences with respect to language studies