bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Heterostructure Ni3N|NiFeP/FF Self‐Supporting Electrode for High‐Current‐Density Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Jingwen , Song Min , Hu Yezhou , Zhu Ye , Zhang Jian , Wang Deli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExploring earth‐abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent need and significant to water electrolysis. Although great achievements have been made, it is still challenging to achieve industrial current density and stability. Herein, a hybrid heterostructure electrode based on Ni3N and NiFeP over Fe foam substrate (Ni3N|NiFeP/FF) is reported, along with 3D‐interconnected hierarchical porous architecture, achieving the low overpotentials of 287, 178, and 290 mV at 500 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, 30 wt% KOH, and alkaline simulated seawater, respectively, with excellent durability at 800 mA cm−2 over 120 h, which can satisfy the requirements of industrial water electrolysis. Here, the hybrid heterostructure can ensure the low energy barrier of the catalytic active sites, the 3D‐interconnected hierarchical porous architecture can facilitate the fast mass/ions/electrons transformation, which contributes together to boost the superb water splitting performance. Furthermore, the COMSOL simulations confirm the multiple merits of the designed electrode during the water electrocatalysis. The present work provides a new strategy in the design and engineering of high‐performance electrodes for industrial water electrolysis.
Transnational cooperation for effective management of the Okavango Delta World Heritage Site: The case of the Cubango-Okavango River Basin
Authors: Matswiri Gertrude 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural heritage sites transcend national boundaries of two or more countries. The effective management of these sites requires close collaboration and cooperation between States Parties. Some of these natural heritage sites are Ramsar sites and World Heritage sites. In addition, some of the transnational natural heritage sites are river systems; most countries have put in place agreements and structures for the effective management of these river systems. With time, parts or the whole of these transnational river systems have been inscribed as World Heritage sites, not only because of their hydrological values but also due to other values such as biodiversity, biological and geomorphological processes, cultural and aesthetic values.
Engaging local communities in conservation and governance of the World Heritage in a transnational context: An example from the Maloti-Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site (Lesotho/South Africa)
Authors: Loza Joyce 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLocal communities and indigenous peoples are – and have been for centuries – the custodians of many World Heritage sites. Thus, they should be recognized as key actors in the process of identification, management and sustainable development of a property. The importance of enhancing their engagement in the stewardship of World Heritages sites and ensuring equitable sharing of the benefits deriving from heritage is recognized as a strategic objective of the World Heritage Convention: the 5th ‘C’ (Communities).
Questions in Propositional Logic
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the previous chapter we introduced the fundamental ideas of inquisitive logic. These ideas are general, and can be used to build many specific logical systems in which we can formalize both statements and questions. One way to build such systems is to start with a system of classical logic and extend it to an inquisitive system in two steps. In the first step, we re-implement the classical system by giving it a support semantics. In executing this step, we make sure our semantics satisfies the Truth-Support Bridge: as we discussed in Sect. 2.2, this guarantees that the original logic of statements is preserved. In the second step, we extend the language with question-forming operators, which can be interpreted naturally in the context of a support semantics. The result is an inquisitive system which is conservative over the original logic. The strategy is illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
Modeling Natural Disturbances in Boreal Forests
Authors: Seidl Rupert , Fortin Marie-Josée , Honkaniemi Juha , Lucash Melissa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural disturbances such as wildfires, insect outbreaks, and windthrow are important processes shaping the structure and functioning of boreal forests. Disturbances are expected to intensify in the future, and this change will have profound consequences on the supply of ecosystem services to society. Consequently, models are needed to project future disturbance trajectories and quantify disturbance impacts on boreal forests. Here, we summarize key concepts of modeling natural disturbances in boreal forests. We focus specifically on disturbances from wildfire, wind and snow, and herbivores and discuss the different approaches used to capture their dynamics in models.
Remote Sensing Tools for Monitoring Forests and Tracking Their Dynamics
Authors: Massey Richard , Berner Logan T. , Foster Adrianna C. , Goetz Scott J. , Vepakomma Udayalakshmi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRemote sensing augments field data and facilitates foresight required for forest management by providing spatial and temporal observations of forest characteristics at landscape and regional scales. Statistical and machine-learning models derived from plot-level field observations can be extrapolated to larger areas using remote sensing data. For example, instruments such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and hyperspectral sensors are frequently used to quantify forest characteristics at the stand to landscape level. Moreover, multispectral imagery and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sets derived from satellite platforms can be used to extrapolate forest resource models to large regions. The combination of novel remote sensing technologies, expanding computing capabilities, and emerging geospatial methods ensures a data-rich environment for effective strategic, tactical, and operational planning and monitoring in forest resource management.
Natural Disturbances from the Perspective of Forest Ecosystem-Based Management
Authors: Shorohova Ekaterina , Aakala Tuomas , Gauthier Sylvie , Kneeshaw Daniel , Koivula Matti , Ruel Jean-Claude , Ulanova Nina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural disturbances drive forest dynamics and biodiversity at different spatial and temporal scales. Forests in the boreal biome are shaped by several types of disturbance, including fire, windthrow, and insect outbreaks, that vary in frequency, extent, severity, and specificity. In managed forests, disturbances also affect the amount and quality of available timber. Ecosystem management uses information on disturbance regimes as a guide to finding a balance between ecological, economic, and social viewpoints. In this chapter, we review current knowledge on disturbance regimes in boreal forests and discuss some implications for managing the impact and risk of disturbances in the context of forest ecosystem management and restoration.
Post-War Reconnaissance of Japanese Fishery and Ocean Science and Its Contribution to the Development of U.S. Scientific Programs: 1947–1954
Authors: Finley Carmel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the over-looked contribution of Japanese scientists to ocean science and the construction of recruitment fisheries oceanography, the study of the effects of climate and ocean variability on fish abundance. After World War II, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service worked with the Supreme Commander Allied Powers staff in Tokyo to find and translate scientific documents about tuna and oceanography, for use by Americans trying to start fisheries in former Japanese waters. Determining the migration patterns of the fish was essential to catching them, and the Japanese translations greatly influenced “Progress in Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investigations, 1950-53.” The document pioneers the integration of fisheries, oceanography, and meteorology to better understand the dynamic structure of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the importance of upwelling and frontal structures as they relate to distribution and abundance of Pacific tunas. The science of finding the fish was a critical step in the global expansion of tuna fishing throughout the subsequent decades. While the paper acknowledged the Japanese contribution to the construction of the science, the publication also masked the importance of the contribution.
International Fisheries Law: Past to Future
Authors: Nakamura Julia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOcean governance is a collective effort. It depends on the ability of all actors, from States to individuals, to work together upon common understandings, values and rules for use of the ocean. The contemporary Law of the Sea regime, as reflected in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), provides a global legal order for the control of diverse activities carried out in the ocean, aiming to achieve balanced relationships among multiple users and scarce marine resources. International marine fisheries, in particular, are regulated by International Fisheries Law (IFL). More intensively in the last decades, IFL has contributed to ocean governance by harmonising social, economic and environmentally-sound standards for fisheries, setting out important parameters to support the potential of fisheries to sustainably operate in the ocean. This chapter draws on a historical narrative of IFL from 1994, when the UNCLOS entered into force, to mid-2022. It analyses selected legal developments at global and regional levels with a view to clarify how the contemporary IFL has developed and responded to the recurrent problems in fisheries at global and regional levels, addressing current and future needs.
The Barcelona School of Ecological Economics and Social Movements for Alternative Livelihoods
Authors: Cattaneo Claudio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne essential element of the Barcelona School of Ecological Economics is that it is entirely trans-disciplinary. It is a school nestled in the political activism of its intellectuals that has gestated in dictatorial times, connected with the anti-Franco Catalan movement, in the several underground social movements, and remotely connected to the Spanish Republic and the anarchist experiment in Barcelona. These are events that Joan has so often remembered to all of us, and that can be well documented in the book of one of his doctoral students (Masjuan, La Ecología Humana en el Anarquismo Ibérico. Urbanismo “orgánico”, neomalthusianismo y naturismo social. Icaria Editorial, Barcelona, 2002). For an understanding of Joan Martinez-Alier and the Barcelona school, one needs to know where they are grounded, that is, in the fertile “soil” of Iberian social movements for alternative livelihoods. The argument is that livelihoods are relevant for ecological economics, as the concept of a good life can prove. The latter is an Aristotelian oikonomic goal – remembered by Georgescu-Roegen’s joie de vivre – with its connection to substantive economics as opposed to formal, neoclassical economics. The good life is a degrowth objective too, inspired by conviviality – as formulated by Ivan Illich – and by the pluriversal notion of “buen vivir”, so well-known on the other side of el charco where Joan is just as much known and beloved.
The Environmentalism of the Paid
Authors: Corbera Esteve , Izquierdo-Tort Santiago 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we draw on existing varieties of environmentalism, and particularly on Martínez-Alier’s powerful concept of the environmentalism of the poor, to bring forward the idea of “the environmentalism of the paid” as a rising though unexpected consequence of the emergence of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) as a conservation policy. The environmentalism of the paid emphasizes the positive role that conservation payments can bring to local livelihoods; connects very different types of stakeholders from local to global contexts through a single exchange value that nonetheless acquires different local meanings and values; and counts with strong allies who promote and make PES possible through cross-scale institutionalization processes. In bringing forward the notion of the environmentalism of the paid, we reflect on how it aligns with or contradicts old and new forms of environmental thought and practice.
An Automated Cardiac Constitutive Modelling Framework with Evolutionary Strain Energy Functions
Authors: Ludwicki Kristin , Riebel Leto L , Ohnemus Sophia , Westby Frida M E , Forsch Nickolas , Balaban Gabriel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Many cardiac diseases are associated with altered elastic energy relations of the heart tissue. However, the strain energy functions describing these characteristics are limited since they were designed manually for highly specific experimental setups. In this study, we develop CHESRA (Cardiac Hyperelastic Evolutionary Symbolic Regression Algorithm), an automated constitutive modelling framework, to derive cardiac elastic strain energy functions directly from experimental data. Our results indicate that CHESRA finds functions that reproduce mechanical tissue properties from experimental data whilst controlling function complexity. Our novel approach has the potential to find strain-energy functions that fit to various experimental data sets and may contribute to automatically building mathematical models to understand clinical observations of heart diseases.
Digital Genetic Editions. Towards Macroanalysis across Versions
Authors: Van Hulle Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter suggests the possibility of macroanalysis across versions. The focus on big data, distant reading and macroanalysis in Digital Humanities seems to have the immediate effect that close reading is forced into an antonymous position and non-digital literary studies orLiteraturwissenschaftsuddenly look provincial in comparison. But not all traditional forms of literary studies are microscopic or focused on close reading, and vice versa, not all digital forms of literary studies are macroscopic or panoramic. The suggested approach sees genetic editing as a negotiation between micro- and macroanalysis, paying attention to passages that never made it into the published texts.
Digitale Hermeneutik. Computergestütztes Close Reading als literaturwissenschaftliches Forschungsparadigma?
Authors: Gius Evelyn 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach dem Status der Digital Humanities hat mittlerweile durch ihre Institutionalisierung in Form von Professuren, Forschungsfeldern, Konferenzen und Förderlinien eine pragmatische Antwort gefunden oder zumindest deutlich an Dringlichkeit verloren. Damit geht eine Phase teilweise ermüdender und wenig ergiebiger Diskussionen zu Ende. Die Diskussionen um die Inhalte der Digital Humanities sind im Umfang deutlich weniger, vielleicht auch, weil man sie – lapidar, aber doch treffend – abkürzen kann: Im Grunde handelt es sich immer dann um Digital Humanities, wenn der Gegenstand oder die Methodik einer geisteswissenschaftlichen Forschung digital ist. Allerdings scheint es im Kontext der disziplinären Entwicklungen einen wesentlichen Unterschied zu machen, welchen Teil nun das Digitale ausmacht. Während nämlich digitale Gegenstände relativ problemlos in die traditionellen Geisteswissenschaften integriert worden sind, wurden und werden digitale Zugänge bzw. Methoden weniger offen aufgenommen.
Quantitative Semantik. Word Embedding Models für literaturwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen
Authors: Schöch Christof 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungZum Verhältnis der hermeneutischen und der quantitativen Literaturwissenschaften besteht eine Reihe von Argumentationsmustern, nach denen die letzteren von Fall zu Fall als Retter, Herausforderer, Sargnagel oder Ergänzung der ersteren gesehen werden. Alle diese Argumentationsmuster haben ihren Charme und ihre Schattenseiten, ihre Berechtigung und ihre Grenzen. In der Tat entscheidet sich die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von hermeneutischen und quantitativen Verfahren in den Literaturwissenschaften nicht ein für alle Mal.
Empirie – Beschreibung – Interpretation. Über den Platz von Computermodellen in den hermeneutisch-historisch orientierten Literaturwissenschaften
Authors: Kuhn Jonas 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgangspunkt für diesen Artikel sind die Vorannahmen, die für einen Text erfüllt sein müssen, damit datenbasierte Textanalysemodelle aus der Computerlinguistik methodisch zuverlässig auf ihn angewandt werden können. Der Artikel stellt die Frage, inwieweit die empirisch-korpusbasierte Methodik unter diesen Annahmen Befunde zu interpretationsrelevanten Eigenschaften literarischer Texte liefern und damit einen Beitrag zu Kernfragen einer hermeneutisch-historisch orientierten Literaturwissenschaft leisten kann. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die methodische Vorannahme, dass die Trainingsdaten, auf deren Basis die Modellparameter abgeschätzt werden, in den relevanten Eigenschaften repräsentativ seien für die Texte, die im Zentrum der eigentlichen Untersuchung stehen. Dies scheint zunächst das Spektrum der erzielbaren Befunde auf deskriptive Untersuchungskategorien zu beschränken, für die eine robuste Operationalisierung möglich ist. Interpretationsrelevanten Texteigenschaften scheinen sich dem Zugang zu entziehen. Der Artikel regt jedoch an, eine alternative Praxis für die Anwendung von Computermodellen zu explorieren, bei der über deskriptive Standardkategorien hinaus untersuchungsspezifische Analysekategorien aus einer bestimmten Fragestellung heraus entwickelt und komputationell modelliert werden können. Basierend auf einem Vorverständnis im Sinne einer hermeneutisch geprägten Arbeitspraxis können so auch interpretationsrelevante Texteigenschaften in die Modellierung einbezogen werden. Zur Absicherung der methodischen Validität der Befunde muss das Forschungsteam bei diesem Vorgehen seine Modelle anhand geeigneter, sorgfältig annotierter Referenzdatensätze selbst kalibrieren und die zu erwartende Vorhersagegenauigkeit abschätzen.
Tausend Tode, tausend Autoren, tausend Texte? Zur Textualität digitaler Literatur
Authors: Nantke Julia 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung der Textproduktion, -distribution und -rezeption im Rahmen des aktuellen Medienwandels übt, das ist unbestritten, einen kaum zu überschätzenden Einfluss auf den wissenschaftlichen und privaten Umgang mit Texten sowie auf unsere Text-basierte Kultur als Ganze aus. Die davon betroffenen Bereiche interagieren auf vielfältige Weise und haben so an einer Remodellierung zentraler geisteswissenschaftlicher Parameter teil.
Wie und wozu analysiert man Blogs? Überlegungen zwischen Digital Philology, Distant Reading und Kulturpoetik
Authors: Schuster Jörg 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Verhältnis von Literatur und elektronischen Medien hat sich anders entwickelt, als dies in den 1990er Jahren – als Computer und Internet zu Alltagsphänomenen avancierten – erwartet worden war. Der Hypertext schien damals die Möglichkeit einer neuen experimentellen Avantgarde zu eröffnen: Erzähltechnische Innovationen der Moderne wie multiperspektivisches und nicht-lineares Erzählen wurden im Zuge der neuen elektronischen Möglichkeiten radikalisiert, grundlegende literaturtheoretische Begriffe wie ‚Text‘ und ‚Autorschaft‘ schienen neu definiert werden zu müssen.
Einführung
Authors: Lang-Koetz Claus , Reischl Annika , Fischer Stephan , Weber Sabrina , Kusch Anina 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Bedeutung von Innovationen für Unternehmen und Gesellschaft und verschiedene Arten von Innovationen mit Beispielen vorgestellt. Grundlegende Begriffe des Innovationsmanagements werden erläutert und es wird dargestellt warum Innovation organisiert werden muss. Weiterhin wird den Leserinnen und Lesern erläutert, wie sie dieses Buch nutzen können.
“Three Bedrooms and a Nice School”—Residential Choices, School Choices and Vicious Circles of Segregation in the Education Landscape of Finnish Cities
Authors: Bernelius Venla , Kosunen Sonja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter asks how socio-spatial segregation, school choices and residential choices are related in the relatively egalitarian Finnish education system. In many countries, school choice policies have been viewed as a means of desegregating schools by removing the immediate link between home address and school allocation through allowing pupils to select schools in different locations. However, international research points to school choice increasing school segregation, and our long-term research on the Helsinki metropolitan area demonstrates this in the Finnish context as well. The tendency towards school segregation is increased by the effect that school and school catchment area segregation have on the residential mobility of families with children. By combining register-based research and qualitative evidence, we describe the complex interconnections of social and spatial processes contributing to growth of segregation and educational inequality in urban schools and neighbourhoods in Finland. Processes operating at multiple scales exacerbate the risk of self-perpetuating vicious circles of segregation, where segregation in schools and neighbourhoods feed into each other. Besides the macro-level patterns of segregation in the cities and their education systems, local hierarchies between neighbouring schools and between school classes may further segregate schools and their individual catchment areas. Such micro-level processes may lead to growing segregation even when initial differences are small, as parents compare and navigate the network of schools close to their residential location, and school reputations mediate choices in local school markets. Our research has unearthed multiple mechanisms creating growing divides between schools, demonstrating that not even a relatively egalitarian educational system with high overall quality of schools is entirely shielded from segregation tendencies, which may lead to a decline in equality and greater risks of educational exclusion.
Everyday Life in Schools in Disadvantaged Areas
Authors: Peltola Marja , Huilla Heidi , Luoma Tiina , Oittinen Riikka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Finland, urban segregation has been identified as a new and increasing challenge for pursuing the ideal of the egalitarian comprehensive school. Yet very little is known of particular school contexts, and public concern over school segregation runs a risk of reproducing segregation by focusing in a stigmatising manner on schools in less advantaged areas. In this chapter, we draw on interview data from five comprehensive schools in the metropolitan area of Helsinki to examine how students of schools located in areas that may be considered disadvantaged talk about their everyday life in the school and residential area. We build on the idea that young people represent their lives as ordinary rather than adopting ‘in-risk’ positions, and examine ways in which the schools and residential areas are discussed. We argue that despite their awareness of local problems and racialised and social class-based inequalities, young people are attached to their schools and residential areas, and tend to describe the problems encountered as manageable. While there are statistical similarities between disadvantaged residential areas, the particular local contexts and their effects for young people’s everyday lives vary from one area to another and according to the young people’s social class and racialised background. This highlights the need to understand the particularities and connections between schools and residential areas in discussions of segregation and in attempts to address it.