bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are future recycling benefits misleading? Prospective life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Šimaitis Joris , Allen Stephen , Vagg Christopher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) quantifies the whole‐life environmental impacts of products and is essential for helping policymakers and manufacturers transition toward sustainable practices. However, typical LCA estimates future recycling benefits as if it happens today. For long‐lived products such as lithium‐ion batteries, this may be misleading since there is a considerable time gap between production and recycling. To explore this temporal mismatch problem, we apply future electricity scenarios from an integrated assessment model—IMAGE—using “premise” in Brightway2 to conduct a prospective LCA (pLCA) on the global warming potential of six battery chemistries and four recycling routes. We find that by 2050, electricity decarbonization under an RCP2.6 scenario mitigates production impacts by 57%, so to reach zero‐carbon batteries it is important to decarbonize upstream heat, fuels, and direct emissions. For the best battery recycling case, data for 2020 gives a net recycling benefit of −22 kg CO2e kWh−1 which reduces the net impact of production and recycling from 71 to 49 kg CO2e kWh−1. However, for recycling in 2040 with decarbonized electricity, net recycling benefits would be nearly 75% lower (−6 kg CO2e kWh−1), giving a net impact of 65 kg CO2e kWh−1. This is because materials recycled in the future substitute lower‐impact processes due to expected electricity decarbonization. Hence, more focus should be placed on mitigating production impacts today instead of relying on future recycling. These findings demonstrate the importance of pLCA in tackling problems such as temporal mismatch that are difficult to capture in typical LCA.
Assessing diabetic polyneuropathy in Spanish‐speaking patients: Translation and validation of the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score
Authors: Idiáquez Rios Juan Francisco , Acosta Ignacio , Prat Alberto , Gattini Francesca , Pino Francisca , Barnett‐Tapia Carolina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common complication of diabetes. The Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) is a useful tool for detecting DSP. However, it is not available in Spanish. The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the TCNS and modified (mTCNS) scales into Spanish and evaluate their measurement properties.MethodsA multistep forward‐backward method was used for translation and cultural adaptation. A panel of physicians subjected the final Spanish versions of TCNS and mTCNS (TCÑS, mTCÑS) to cognitive debriefing. Consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus and DSP were recruited from an outpatient clinic, and the TCÑS and mTCÑS were tested for construct validity, along with other measures.ResultsThe internal consistency of both TCÑS and mTCÑS was excellent, as evidenced by Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. Furthermore, there was a robust positive correlation between TCÑS and mTCÑS. In addition, TCÑS was found to exhibit a strong negative correlation with sural sensory nerve action potential amplitude (r = −0.9206) and peroneal compound motor action potential amplitude (r = −0.729), while demonstrating a positive and strong correlation with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (r = 0.713).InterpretationThe TCÑS and mTCÑS are reliable and valid translations of the original TCNS. The TCÑS and mTCÑS can be used to diagnose and measure the severity of neuropathy in Spanish‐speaking patients with diabetes.
Effects of pregnancy and lactation on muscle‐tendon morphology
Authors: Danos Nicole , Patrick Marjorie , Barretto Jacob , Bilotta Francesca , Lee Megan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPregnancy and lactation hormones have been shown to mediate anatomical changes to the musculoskeletal system that generates animal movement. In this study, we characterize changes in the medial gastrocnemius muscle, its tendon and aponeuroses that are likely to have an effect on whole animal movement and energy expenditure, using the rat model system, Rattus norvegicus. We quantified muscle architecture (mass, cross‐sectional area, and pennation angle), muscle fiber type and diameter, and Young's modulus of stiffness for the medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses as well as its contribution to Achilles tendon in three groups of three‐month‐old female rats: virgin, primiparous pregnant, and primiparous lactating animals. We found that muscle mass drops by 23% during lactation but does not change during pregnancy. We also found that during pregnancy muscle fibers switch from Type I to IIa and during lactation from Type IIb to Type I. The stiffness of connective tissues that has a demonstrated role in locomotion, the aponeurosis and tendon, also changed. Pregnant animals had a significantly less stiff aponeurosis. However, tendon stiffness was most affected during lactation, with a significant drop in stiffness and interindividual variation. We propose that the energetic demands of locomotion may have driven the evolution of these anatomical changes in muscle‐tendon units during pregnancy and lactation to ensure more energy can be allocated to fetal development and lactation.
Within‐family linkages between parental monitoring and adolescents externalizing problems with autonomy support as a moderator
Authors: Vrolijk Paula , Van Lissa Caspar J. , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim H. J. , Keizer Renske 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParents' monitoring efforts are thought to be effective in reducing children's future externalizing problems. Empirical evidence for this claim, however, is limited, as only few studies have unraveled the temporal ordering of these constructs. The present six‐wave longitudinal study contributed to the existing literature by examining within‐family linkages between monitoring efforts (behavioral control and solicitation) and adolescents' externalizing behaviors while controlling for between‐family differences. In addition, it was assessed whether these associations differed when using child versus parent reports, differed for less versus more autonomy‐supportive parents, and differed for fathers' versus mothers' monitoring efforts. Longitudinal data (six annual waves) of 497 adolescents (56.9% boys, Mage at T1 = 13.03, SD = 0.46), their mothers (N = 495, Mage at T1 = 44.41, SD = 4.45), and their fathers (N = 446, Mage at T1 = 46.74, SD = 5.10) of the Dutch study Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships (RADAR) were used. Results showed no evidence for the claim that parents' monitoring efforts predict future externalizing problems. In contrast, we found some evidence for the idea that parents' monitoring efforts change in reaction to changes in externalizing problems; when adolescents reported higher levels of externalizing problems than usual in 1 year, this predicted less behavioral control from mothers in the next year. Linkages between monitoring efforts and externalizing problems did not differ between less or more autonomy‐supportive parents. Overall, our findings suggest that monitoring efforts are not effective, but also not damaging, in relation to adolescents' externalizing problems.
Owner‐assisted recovery and early discharge after surgical treatment in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
Authors: Camarasa J. J. , Gordo I. , Bird F. G. , Vallefuoco R. , Longley M. , Brissot H. N. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to describe a perioperative protocol for dogs recovered from anaesthesia with the owners and discharged from the hospital on the same day after surgical management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and to determine whether implementation of this protocol was associated with reduced incidence of complications compared with standard anaesthesia recovery and 24 hours hospitalisation.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs that underwent brachycephalic obstructive airway surgery over two consecutive years (June 2017 to May 2019) were reviewed retrospectively. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, surgical procedures and postoperative respiratory complications were recorded. Data were compared using the chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests.ResultsSixty‐three dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study. Forty‐two dogs underwent owner‐assisted recovery and 21 dogs standard recovery. No statistical difference was found between groups in age, breed, gender, severity of respiratory or gastrointestinal clinical signs and surgical techniques employed. The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in dogs that received standard recovery (28%) compared to dogs recovered with the owners (2%). None of the dogs recovered with the owners and discharged the same day required veterinary assistance after discharge from the hospital.Clinical SignificanceCorrective surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was associated with lower postoperative respiratory complications when dogs were discharged on the same day after recovery with the owners. Owner‐assisted recovery and early discharge are possible and safe and may decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. However, other unmeasured factors may have contributed to the lower complication rate in dogs recovered with the owners during the course of this study.
Experimental constraints on the volatility of germanium, zinc, and lithium in Martian basalts and the role of degassing in alteration of surface minerals
Authors: Rogaski Alexander , Ustunisik Gokce K. , Yang Shuying , Humayun Munir , Righter Kevin , Berger Jeff A. , DiFrancesco Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe surface of Mars is enriched in Cl and S which is linked to volcanic activity and degassing. Similarly, elevated Ge and Zn levels in Gale crater sedimentary bedrock indicate a magmatic source for these elements. To constrain the relative effects of Cl and S on the outgassing of these trace metals and chemical characteristics of primary magmatic vapor deposits incorporated to Martian surface, we conducted a set of degassing and fumarolic alteration experiments. Ge is found to be more volatile than Zn in all experiments. In S‐bearing runs, the loss of Ge and Zn was less than any other experiments. In Cl‐only runs, degassing of Zn was more than twice that of Ge within the first 10 min and percent loss increased for both elements with increasing time. In Cl + S runs, S‐induced reduction of GeO2 and ZnO to metallic Ge and Zn switches the preference of chloride formation from Zn to Ge. Up to 90% of Ge and Zn loss in the 1‐h no volatile‐added (NVA) experiments might be due to the small amounts of Cl contamination in NVA mixes via other oxides used for synthesis. Alteration experiments show different phases between 1‐h and 24‐/72‐h runs. In 1‐h runs, anhydrite and langbeinite dominate while in 24‐/72‐h runs halite and sylvite dominate the condensate assemblages. S‐bearing phases form as the intermediate products of fumarolic deposition, while chlorides are common when the system is allowed to cool gradually. One‐hour exposure was sufficient to form alteration phases and vapor deposits such as NaCl, KCl, CaSO4, and langbeinites on the Martian analog minerals. These salts were identified in Martian meteorites and in situ measurements. Our results provide evidence that volcanic degassing along with fumarolic alteration could be a potential source for the enrichment and varying abundances of Cl, S, Fe, Zn, Ge in Martian surface, as well as a cause for Ge depletion in shergottites.
Isolation and characterization of the gene HvFAR1 encoding acyl‐CoA reductase from the cer‐za.227 mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and analysis of the cuticular barrier functions
Authors: Müller Yannic , Patwari Payal , Stöcker Tyll , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria , Steiner Ulrike , Campoli Chiara , Grewe Lea , Kuczkowska Magdalena , Dierig Maya Marita , Jose Sarah , Hetherington Alistair M. , Acosta Ivan F. , Schoof Heiko , Schreiber Lukas , Dörmann Peter 
Published: June 2023

Summary

The cuticle is a protective layer covering aerial plant organs. We studied the function of waxes for the establishment of the cuticular barrier in barley (Hordeum vulgare). The barley eceriferum mutants cer‐za.227 and cer‐ye.267 display reduced wax loads, but the genes affected, and the consequences of the wax changes for the barrier function remained unknown.

Cuticular waxes and permeabilities were measured in cer‐za.227 and cer‐ye.267. The mutant loci were isolated by bulked segregant RNA sequencing. New cer‐za alleles were generated by genome editing. The CER‐ZA protein was characterized after expression in yeast and Arabidopsis cer4‐3.

Cer‐za.227 carries a mutation in HORVU5Hr1G089230 encoding acyl‐CoA reductase (FAR1). The cer‐ye.267 mutation is located to HORVU4Hr1G063420 encoding β‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase (KAS1) and is allelic to cer‐zh.54. The amounts of intracuticular waxes were strongly decreased in cer‐ye.267. The cuticular water loss and permeability of cer‐za.227 were similar to wild‐type (WT), but were increased in cer‐ye.267. Removal of epicuticular waxes revealed that intracuticular, but not epicuticular waxes are required to regulate cuticular transpiration.

The differential decrease in intracuticular waxes between cer‐za.227 and cer‐ye.267, and the removal of epicuticular waxes indicate that the cuticular barrier function mostly depends on the presence of intracuticular waxes.
Computer‐Assisted Navigation Full Visualization Spinal Endoscopic Surgery for Lumbar Vertebral Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Liu Ruxing , Tian Jingyuan , Yuan Jie , Zhao Bin , Xu Chaojian , Wang Yongfeng 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundOsteoid osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor that occurs mostly in the femoral stem, while osteoid osteoma occurring in the lumbar vertebral body is a relatively rare case. To minimize treatment‐related complications, a computer‐assisted navigation fully visualized spinal endoscopy was used. Ultimately, the pathology was diagnosed as osteoid osteoma.Case PresentationWe report a 19‐year‐old adult male with low back pain that worsened at night and CT, MRI imaging showed an abnormal signal shadow at the posterior margin of the lumbar vertebral body. Due to the proximity of the lesion to the spinal canal and adjacent to the nerve roots, it was difficult to precisely localize the lesion by purely endoscopic or open procedures, and if necessary, the resection of surrounding tissues had to be expanded, causing unnecessary damage to the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we choose computer‐assisted navigation fully visualized spinal endoscopy to perform the treatment.ConclusionIn this case, we report an osteoid osteoma that occurs less frequently in the lumbar vertebral body. Using computer‐assisted navigation with fully visualized spinal endoscopy, we successfully resected the osteoid osteoma at the posterior margin of the L3 vertebral body preoperatively by computer‐planned path with intraoperative visualization endoscopy, minimizing the damage to spinal stability. Computer‐assisted navigation with visualization endoscopy provides a more precise and minimally invasive approach to the treatment of osteoid osteoma of the spine.
A Kantian critique of Benatar's argument from the cosmic perspective
Authors: Lee Byeong D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBenatar argues that the absence of cosmic meaning is part of the reason why our lives are so bad that we had better not procreate. The goal of this paper is to argue against this claim from a Kantian point of view. For this goal, I argue first that the fact that human life is a product of blind evolution is not a reason for justifying that our lives are overall bad, mainly on the grounds that the concepts of good and bad make sense only within the logical space of reasons. I also argue that the fact that we can hardly make a significant difference to the universe is not a reason for justifying that our lives are overall bad, either, mainly on the grounds that whether one's life is good or bad can be evaluated primarily in terms of whether one's permissible ends are achieved to a satisfactory extent, and so one's good life does not depend on making a significant difference to the universe.
The impact of terrorism on civil servants: Longitudinal evidence from the July 22, 2011 attack in Norway
Authors: Geys Benny , Lægreid Per , Murdoch Zuzana , Trondal Jarle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBuilding on a growing literature assessing the societal impact of terrorism, this article analyzes whether and how a terror attack targeting public institutions affects civil servants in their day‐to‐day work. This is an important question to enhance our understanding of how terrorism can (or cannot) affect the operation of core government functions. Theoretically, the study contributes to a broader account of the political consequences of terrorism by combining insights from social identity and organization theory. Empirically, we exploit a two‐wave survey fielded before and after the 2011 terror attack in Norway, which allows us to study the same civil servants (N = 186) before and after this event. While terrorists wish to disrupt public institutions, our findings indicate that a terror attack targeting core government institutions strengthens internal cohesion and increases attention to political signals in work tasks. We discuss implications of these effects for the functioning of democratic government.
Elevating subjective individual experience in public policy and public administration: Reflections on red tape, administrative burden, and sludge
Authors: Pandey Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this essay, I take stock of the red tape research program (and research programs on administrative burden and sludge) to assess whether subjective individual experience has been given its rightful due in public policy and public administration. My primary purpose is to assess how concepts facilitate or hinder our understanding of the subjective individual experience. To serve this purpose, I present a conceptual analysis strategy and elaborate on the value of interrogating the modularity assumption (fit between conceptualization and experience). I conclude by advocating for consilience across concepts and research programs to better capture the subjective individual experience.
Cryopreservation of local black rabbit spermatozoa in the Mekong delta region of Vietnam: Evaluating cryoprotectant effectiveness
Authors: Tran Thi Thanh Khuong , Chiem Tuyet Nhi , Tran Van Be Nam , Duong Nguyen Duy Tuyen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRabbit production is well developed in the Mekong Delta and Vietnam, with increased consumption of rabbit meat in both urban and rural areas. Consequently, meat rabbit breeds have become popular in almost all provinces in Vietnam, resulting in a decline in the population of Local Black rabbits over the years. To support breeding programs, there is a crucial need to develop a cryopreservation method. The objective of this study was to develop sperm cryopreservation protocols and determine the optimal cryoprotectant for Local Black rabbit spermatozoa. Rabbit spermatozoa were obtained and diluted with TCG‐EggYolk freezing medium containing 5%, 8%, and 10% glycerol or DMSO in a 1:1 ratio. Glycerol and DMSO‐free mediums served as the controls. Samples were put into 0.5‐mL straws, cooled to 15°C and 5°C, then placed on nitrogen vapour for 15 min and directly immersed in liquid nitrogen at −196°C. Samples were thawed at 37°C for 60 s after being frozen for 72 h Sperm quality measures, such as viability, motility, and membrane integrity, were assessed both before and after freezing. The results showed that the average viability, average motility, and average membrane integrity were 61.9%, 53.9%, and 42.9%, respectively, after thawing with 5% glycerol, which was higher than the two higher concentrations of glycerol (8% and 10%) (p < .05). Similarly, with 8% DMSO, the average viability, average motility, and membrane integrity were 59.2%, 51.0%, and 41.8%, respectively, which were higher than the two concentrations of DMSO (5% and 10%) (p < 0.05). Therefore, the cryopreservation of local black rabbit sperm with 5% glycerol or DMSO 8% resulted in high sperm quality, but considering the practical aspect of minimizing the volume of the preservative, a concentration of 5% glycerol may be the best option.
Coordinated global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine use: Options and potential consequences
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Wassilak Steven G. F. , Wiesen Eric , Burns Cara C. , Pallansch Mark A. , Badizadegan Kamran , Thompson Kimberly M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the very low, but nonzero, paralysis risks associated with the use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), eradicating poliomyelitis requires ending all OPV use globally. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) coordinated cessation of Sabin type 2 OPV (OPV2 cessation) in 2016, except for emergency outbreak response. However, as of early 2023, plans for cessation of bivalent OPV (bOPV, containing types 1 and 3 OPV) remain undefined, and OPV2 use for outbreak response continues due to ongoing transmission of type 2 polioviruses and reported type 2 cases. Recent development and use of a genetically stabilized novel type 2 OPV (nOPV2) leads to additional potential vaccine options and increasing complexity in strategies for the polio endgame. Prior applications of integrated global risk, economic, and poliovirus transmission modeling consistent with GPEI strategic plans that preceded OPV2 cessation explored OPV cessation dynamics and the evaluation of options to support globally coordinated risk management efforts. The 2022–2026 GPEI strategic plan highlighted the need for early bOPV cessation planning. We review the published modeling and explore bOPV cessation immunization options as of 2022, assuming that the GPEI partners will not support restart of the use of any OPV type in routine immunization after a globally coordinated cessation of such use. We model the potential consequences of globally coordinating bOPV cessation in 2027, as anticipated in the 2022–2026 GPEI strategic plan. We do not find any options for bOPV cessation likely to succeed without a strategy of bOPV intensification to increase population immunity prior to cessation.
How does exposure to masked individuals affect White Americans' attitudes toward Asian American and Pacific Islanders?
Authors: Rios Kimberly , Pham Carolyn T. , Cheng Zhen Hadassah , Cheon Bobby K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcross three studies, conducted between Spring 2020 and Spring 2021, we tested whether exposure to an Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) target person wearing a face mask would increase or decrease White Americans' perceived threat from and positivity toward AAPI individuals. Although results varied by study, a single‐paper meta‐analysis revealed that the masked (compared to unmasked) AAPI target resulted in greater positivity toward AAPIs, due to reduced perceptions of both symbolic threat to group values and realistic threat to group health. Positivity toward AAPIs did not reliably differ after exposure to a masked versus unmasked White target. Implications for interventions that encourage COVID‐safe behaviors and combat anti‐AAPI attitudes are discussed.