bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Beam Based Additive Manufacturing of Alloy 247 for Turbine Engine Application: From Research towards Industrialization
Authors: Ramsperger Markus , Eichler Simon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this contribution it will be shown how the metal powder bed fusion technology electron beam melting (EBM) enables a successful crack- and defect-free processing of the non-weldable Ni-based superalloy Alloy 247. Besides a defect-free processing, EBM process capabilities offer unique opportunities to tailor the microstructure according to material requirements for high-temperature applications. It could be demonstrated that EBM material properties are comparable or even better than traditionally casted Alloy 247 material. Tailored polycrystalline and columnar microstructures were achieved by process parameter adoption for solidification control. The EBM as-built microstructure was characterized by conventional metallography techniques and the results were used to define an adopted HIP + heat-treatment cycle which was applied prior to mechanical testing. Thus, corresponding mechanical and microstructural properties in different conditions will be presented and discussed to show EBM material capabilities. As a result, directionally solidified (DS) EBM material can achieve similar creep performance as DS cast material, despite an observed fine-grained “micro-DS” structure in EBM.

Graphical Abstract
Automated design of multi-stage forging sequences for die forging
Authors: Hedicke-Claus Yorck , Kriwall Mareile , Stonis Malte , Behrens Bernd-Arno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForgings are produced in several process steps, the so-called forging sequence. The design of efficient forging sequences is a very complex and iterative development process. In order to automate this process and to reduce the development time, a method is presented here, which automatically generates multi-stage forging sequences for different forging geometries on the basis of the component geometry (STL file). The method was developed for closed die forging. The individual modules of this forging sequence design method (FSD method) as well as the functioning of the algorithm for the generation of the intermediate forms are presented. The method is applied to different forgings with different geometrical characteristics. The generated forging sequences are checked with FE simulations for the quality criteria form filling and freedom from folds. The simulation results show that the developed FSD method provides good approximate solutions for an initial design of forging sequences for closed die forging in a short time.
The origin of human pathogenicity and biological interactions in Chaetothyriales
Authors: Quan Yu , Deng Shuwen , Prenafeta-Boldủ Francesc X. , Mayer Veronika E. , Muggia Lucia , Cometto Agnese , Vicente Vania A. , da Silva Nickolas Menezes , Grisolia Maria Eduarda , Song Yinggai , Ahmed Sarah A. , Niu Xueke , de Souza Lima Bruna Jacomel Favoreto , Feng Peiying , Vitale Roxana G. , Teixeira Marcus , Sudhadham Montarop , de Azevedo Conceicao Pedrozo e Silva , Bocca Anamelia , Haase Gerhard , Selbmann Laura , Shi Dongmei , Kang Yingqian , de Hoog Sybren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFungi in the order Chaetothyriales are renowned for their ability to cause human infections. Nevertheless, they are not regarded as primary pathogens, but rather as opportunists with a natural habitat in the environment. Extremotolerance is a major trend in the order, but quite different from black yeasts in Capnodiales which focus on endurance, an important additional parameter is advancing toxin management. In the ancestral ecology of rock colonization, the association with metabolite-producing lichens is significant. Ant-association, dealing with pheromones and repellents, is another mainstay in the order. The phylogenetically derived family, Herpotrichiellaceae, shows dual ecology in monoaromatic hydrocarbon assimilation and the ability to cause disease in humans and cold-blooded vertebrates. In this study, data on ecology, phylogeny, and genomics were collected and analyzed in order to support this hypothesis on the evolutionary route of the species of Chaetothyriales. Comparing the ribosomal tree with that of enzymes involved in toluene degradation, a significant expansion of cytochromes is observed and the toluene catabolism is found to be complete in some of the Herpotrichiellaceae. This might enhance human systemic infection. However, since most species have to be traumatically inoculated in order to cause disease, their invasive potential is categorized as opportunism. Only in chromoblastomycosis, true pathogenicity might be surmised. The criterion would be the possible escape of agents of vertebrate disease from the host, enabling dispersal of adapted genotypes to subsequent generations.
Inhibition of Phytophthora cinnamomi mycelial growth with stabilised hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Mannion Laura , Thomas Paul , Walsh Kerry , Balsys Ron , Makiela Sandrine , Bhattarai Surya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated for the inhibition of mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi in vitro. Phytophthora cinnamomi infects many crops globally causing root, collar and crown rot, resulting in significant economic losses for producers. Two 30% (w/v) H2O2 products, each stabilised with a different concentration of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) (3% versus 0.003% w/v) were compared to determine the most efficacious H2O2 concentration as well as potential interactive effects of the stabilising compound. Inhibition of P. cinnamomi growth was evaluated by amending potato dextrose agar media (PDA) with a range of concentrations of the test solutions. The biocidal activity of H2O2 was enhanced by a higher concentration of HEDP. Concentrations from 6.25 mL/L of the H2O2 product with 3% HEDP provided 100% inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro. Neither the product with 0.003% HEDP, nor HEDP stabiliser without H2O2, achieved comparable inhibition. Our results highlight an opportunity to expand the use of stabilised H2O2 products developed for cleaning of drip irrigation emitters to include the control of Phytophthora spp. and potentially other waterborne plant pathogens.
Understanding risk factors and microbial trends implicated in the development of Whipple-related surgical-site infections
Authors: Feng Wendy , Irfan Ahmer , Fleece Molly , Dudeja Vikas , Reddy Sushanth , Hashmi Salila , Rose J. Bart , Lee Rachael A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to understand the role of risk factors and postoperative complications seen in patients undergoing Whipple procedures in the development of surgical site infections. Our secondary goal was to evaluate whether microbial patterns differed between preoperative antibiotic classes, offering insight into the effectiveness of current practices while promoting antibiotic stewardship.

Design:
We performed a retrospective cohort study comparing patients with and without SSIs.

Setting:
This study was conducted at a tertiary-care center in the southeastern United States.

Participants:
Patients who underwent a Whipple procedure between 2012 and 2021 were acquired from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Results:
Patients with a bleeding disorder reported higher SSI rates (P = .04), whereas patients with a biliary stent reported lower surgical site infection (SSI) rates (P = .02) Those with postoperative complications had higher SSI rates, including delayed gastric emptying (P < .001) and pancreatic fistula (P < .001). Patients with longer operative times were 1.002 times more likely to develop SSIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.002; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.004; P = .006) whereas surgical indications for malignancy correlated with decreased SSIs risk (aOR, 0.578; 95% CI, 0.386–866) when adjusting for body mass index, surgical indication, and duration of surgical procedure.

Conclusions:
Optimizing preoperative management of modifiable risk factors for patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomies and decreasing operative times may reduce SSI rates and patient and hospital burden. Further research is needed to understand whether stent placement reduces SSI risk in pancreatoduodenectomy.
The wellbeing neuro course: a randomised controlled trial of an internet-delivered transdiagnostic psychological intervention for adults with neurological disorders
Authors: Gandy Milena , Heriseanu Andreea I. , Balakumar Tanya , Karin Eyal , Walker Jennie , Hathway Taylor , Bisby Madelyne A. , Scott Amelia J. , Dudeney Joanne , Fisher Alana , Titov Nickolai , Dear Blake F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMental health and functional difficulties are highly comorbid across neurological disorders, but supportive care options are limited. This randomised controlled trial assessed the efficacy of a novel transdiagnostic internet-delivered psychological intervention for adults with neurological disorders.Methods221 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or an acquired brain injury were allocated to either an immediate treatment group (n = 115) or treatment-as-usual waitlist control (n = 106). The intervention, the Wellbeing Neuro Course, was delivered online via the eCentreClinic website. The Course includes six lessons, based on cognitive behavioural therapy, delivered over 10 weeks with support from a psychologist via email and telephone. Primary outcomes were symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and disability (WHODAS 2.0).Results215 participants commenced the trial (treatment n = 111; control n = 104) and were included in intention-to-treat analysis. At post-treatment, we observed significant between-group differences in depression (PHQ-9; difference = 3.07 [95% CI 2.04–4.11], g = 0.62), anxiety (GAD-7; difference = 1.87 [0.92–2.81], g = 0.41) and disability (WHODAS 2.0 difference = 3.08 [1.09–5.06], g = 0.31), that favoured treatment (all ps < 0.001). Treatment-related effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Findings were achieved with minimal clinician time (average of 95.7 min [s.d. = 59.3] per participant), highlighting the public health potential of this approach to care. No adverse treatment events were reported.ConclusionsInternet-delivered psychological interventions could be a suitable model of accessible supportive care for patients with neurological disorders.
Natural area visitors’ potential role in preventing pathogen threats to amphibian biodiversity
Authors: Cavasos Kevin , Adhikari Ram K , Poudyal Neelam C , Warwick Alexa R , Gray Matthew J 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe anthropogenic spread of disease from captive to wild amphibian populations (referred to as spillover) is linked to global amphibian declines. Disinfecting procedures and protocols exist to mitigate pathogen transmission to and within natural areas, but understanding of visitor attitudes and behaviour regarding their adoption is limited. We surveyed visitors in two natural areas in a global amphibian biodiversity hotspot to assess their attitudes regarding pathogen spread in such areas and analysed the factors influencing their behavioural intentions to take specific actions to prevent pathogen spillover. Visitors’ willingness to take action was influenced by their attitudes, behavioural control and trust in wildlife/land managers, whereas socio-demographic characteristics were less influential. These findings help us to understand visitor behaviour with respect to amphibian biosecurity in natural areas and inform enhanced biosecurity measures and strategic messaging to reduce pathogen spillover.
Habitat severity characteristics structure soil communities at regional and local spatial scales along the Antarctica Peninsula
Authors: Ball Becky A. , Convey Peter , Feeser Kelli L. , Nielsen Uffe N. , Van Horn David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAntarctic soils provide an excellent setting to test biogeographical patterns across spatial and environmental scales given their relatively simple communities and the dominance of physical factors that create strong environmental gradients. Additional urgency is given by the fact that their unique terrestrial communities are the subject of conservation efforts in a rapidly changing environment. We investigated relationships of soil community assembly and alpha and beta diversity with climatic and environmental parameters across regional and local scales in Maritime Antarctica. We sampled from a regional gradient of sites that differ in habitat severity, ranging from relatively favourable to harsher physicochemical conditions. At the regional scale, bacterial community characteristics and microarthropod abundance varied along this severity gradient, but most measures of fungal communities did not. Microarthropod and microbial communities differed in which soil and climate parameters were most influential, and the specific parameters that influenced each taxon differed across broad and fine spatial scales. This suggests that conservation efforts will need to focus on a large variety of habitat characteristics to successfully encompass diversity across taxa. Because beta diversity was the result of species turnover, conservation efforts also cannot focus on only the most biodiverse sites to effectively preserve all aspects of biodiversity.
Examining the psychobiological response to acute social stress across clinical stages and symptom trajectories in the early psychosis continuum
Authors: Shah Jai L. , Paquin Vincent , McIlwaine Sarah V. , Malla Ashok K. , Joober Ridha , Pruessner Marita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe stress-vulnerability model has been repeatedly highlighted in relation to the risk, onset and course of psychosis, and has been independently studied in clinical high-risk (CHR) and first-episode psychosis (FEP) populations. Notable in this literature, however, is that there are few studies directly comparing markers of stress response across progressive stages of illness. Here we examined the psychobiological response to the Trier Social Stress Test in 28 CHR (mean age 19.1) and 61 FEP (age 23.0) patients, in order to understand the stage(s) or trajectories in which differences in subjective stress or physiological response occur. The overall clinical sample had greater perceived stress and blunted cortisol (FEP + CHR, n = 89, age 21.7) compared with healthy controls (n = 45, age 22.9). Additional analyses demonstrated elevated heart rate and systolic blood pressure in FEP compared with CHR, but there were no further differences in physiological parameters (cortisol, heart rate, or blood pressure) between stage- or trajectory-based groups. Together, this suggests that individual stress response markers may differentially emerge at particular stages en route to psychosis – and demonstrates how stage-based analyses can shed light on the emergence and evolution of neurobiological changes in mental illness.
The meditating role of sleep in the longitudinal associations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms: A cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Bartlett Gillian R. , Magson Natasha M. , Richardson Cele E. , Rapee Ronald M. , Fardouly Jasmine , Oar Ella L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdolescence is a time of heightened vulnerability for both peer victimization (PV) and internalizing symptoms. While the positive association between them is well established, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. To address this gap, the current study aimed to investigate sleep hygiene and school night sleep duration as individual and sequential mediators of the relationship between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms during pre- to mid-adolescence. The study drew upon a community sample of 528 Australian youth aged 10–12 years at baseline (Mage = 11.19, SD = .55; 51.1% boys) and data were collected over five annual measurement occasions. Direct and indirect longitudinal and bidirectional associations were examined using cross-lagged panel analysis. There was no evidence of sequential mediation through both sleep hygiene and sleep duration to depression and social anxiety. Instead, the findings show that sleep hygiene mediated the prospective association between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms, and between PV and sleep duration. Overall, sleep hygiene represents a modifiable transdiagnostic factor that can be targeted to break the cycle of PV, inadequate sleep, and internalizing symptoms.
The Construction of Coffee Qualities: Geo-economics Crossroads between China and Vietnam
Authors: Fortunel Frédéric , Hu Ying , Le Duc Niêm 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper undertakes a comparative study of two rural mountainous areas participating in global agricultural markets while using, as an interpretative grid, the development of the quality of the products and spaces. We draw on contemporary analysis at the interface of food and agriculture systems through the example of coffee cultivation and consumption in two neighbouring countries: China and Vietnam. The purpose is to understand why these two provinces with similar historical dynamics have two radically different productions of coffee. While China produces Arabica coffee in limited volumes, Vietnam has over the past few decades become the world's second largest producer of Robusta coffee in response to the growing appetite for coffee in Asia. This paper adopts a multidimensional analysis of the quality of coffee based on the cultivation of the plant, the collective construction of quality, and the consumption of the beverage.
The Study on the Global Evolution of Energetic Electron Precipitation During Geomagnetic Storm Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Chen Zhou , Tian Hang , Li Haimeng , Tang Rongxin , Ouyang Zhihai , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe energetic electron precipitation (EEP) plays important role in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system. It can lead to the decrease of ring current energy densities, the enhancement of electron density in the lower ionosphere, and the destruction of the ozone layer. In the study, using the Energetic Electron Precipitation flux Deep Neural Networks (EPFN) model, the global dynamic evolution of EEP is reconstructed. It suggests that the model can better capture the variation of global EEP during geomagnetic activity. With that, the morphological evolution of EEP and associated potential mechanisms during different phases of geomagnetic storm are analyzed based on the EPFN model. The model provides a good way to understand the loss processes of ring current electrons during geomagnetic storm.
Complex 3‐D Surface Deformation in the 1971 San Fernando, California Earthquake Reveals Static and Dynamic Controls on Off‐Fault Deformation
Authors: Gaudreau É. , Hollingsworth J. , Nissen E. , Funning G. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe shallow 1971 MW6.6 San Fernando, California earthquake involved a complex rupture process on an immature thrust fault with a non‐planar geometry, and is notable for having a higher component of left‐lateral surface slip than expected from seismic source models. We extract its 3‐D coseismic surface displacement field from aerial stereo photographs and document the amount and width of the vertical and fault trace‐parallel components of distributed deformation along strike. The results confirm the significant left‐lateral surface offsets, suggesting a slip vector rotation at shallow depths. Comparing our offsets against field measurements of fault slip, we observe that most of the offset was accommodated in the damage zone, with off‐fault deformation averaging 69% in both the fault trace‐parallel and vertical components. However, the magnitude and width of off‐fault deformation behave differently between the vertical and fault trace‐parallel components, which, along with the rotation in rake near the surface, can be explained by dynamic rupture effects.
Uppermost Mantle Seismic Pn‐Velocity in Continental China and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Sun Li , Wang Weilai , Wu Jianping , Wang Xiaoxin , Wen Lianxing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe construct a high‐resolution Pn‐velocity model in continental China through a new tomographic scheme simultaneously inverting event epicenter location and Pn‐velocity and accurately accounting for the Pn propagation effects of irregular crustal thickness variation. The inversion integrates a combined data set of 32,427 absolute Pn travel times and 62,431 interstation Pn differential travel times manually picked from the recordings of 2,989 stations in and around continental China, yielding a model of spatial resolutions ranging from 0.75° × 0.75°–3° × 3°. Major Pn‐velocity features revealed by the model and the tectonic processes we attribute to include: (a) high Pn‐velocities beneath major cratonic blocks and the southern Tibetan Plateau attributed to low temperatures of cratons, (b) low Pn‐velocities beneath the eastern North China craton around the Tan‐Lu fault and the central South China block attributed to high temperatures and low‐Mg# () peridotites in response to the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic subduction of the Pacific plate, and beneath the Trans‐North China orogen, most regions of the Tibetan blocks and the central Tianshan orogen attributed to high temperatures after multiple tectono‐thermal events in response to the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic subduction of the Pacific plate, the Triassic convergence of the North China, Yangtze, and northern Tibetan blocks and the Cenozoic India‐Eurasia collision, and (c) intermediate Pn‐velocities beneath the marginal regions of the Ordos block and Micang‐Daba region attributed to possible extrusion of hot asthenospheric flow from the Tibetan Plateau in response to far‐field effects of the India‐Eurasia collision.
Kilometer‐Scale Simulations of Trade‐Wind Cumulus Capture Processes of Mesoscale Organization
Authors: Saffin Leo , Lock Adrian , Tomassini Lorenzo , Blyth Alan , Böing Steven , Denby Leif , Marsham John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of clouds–circulation coupling in climate) and ATOMIC (Atlantic Tradewind Ocean‐Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign) joint field campaign gathered observations to better understand the links between trade‐wind cumulus clouds, their organization, and larger scales, a large source of uncertainty in climate projections. A recent large‐eddy simulation study showed a cloud transition that occurred during this field campaign, where small shallow clouds developed into larger clouds with detrainment layers, was caused by an increase in mesoscale organization generated by a dynamical feedback in mesoscale vertical velocities. We show that kilometer‐scale simulations with the Met Office's Unified Model reproduce this increase in mesoscale organization and the process generating it, despite being much lower resolution. The timing of development is associated with large‐scale convergence. Sensitivity tests with a shorter spin‐up time, to reduce initial organization, still have the same timing of development and sensitivity tests with cold pools suppressed show only a small effect on mesoscale organization. Mesoscale organization and clouds are sensitive to resolution, with higher resolution simulations producing weaker organization and less cloud, which affects changes in net radiation. The clouds also have substantial differences to observations. Therefore, while kilometer‐scale simulations can be useful for understanding processes of mesoscale organization and links with large scales, including responses to climate change, simulations will still suffer from significant errors and uncertainties in radiative budgets.