bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the link between sustainable performance and credit access: the moderating role of intellectual capital
Authors: Campanella Francesco , Ferri Luca , Serino Luana , Zampella Annamaria 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the role of intellectual capital in the underexplored relationship between sustainable performance and credit access among private firms in Italy, where over 90% of businesses are small and medium enterprises. While D’Apolito et al. (2024) have investigated sustainability-linked bank financing among Italian listed small and medium-sized enterprises, this study takes a different approach by focusing on private firms and examining the influence of environmental, social and governance criteria on their credit access. The research seeks to deepen the understanding of how sustainable practices impact financial outcomes and access to funding for private enterprises.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the relationship between sustainable performance and credit access as well as the moderating role of intellectual capital, this study employs an ordinary least squares regression model. It utilizes an innovative measure of sustainable performance for private firms – the legality rating issued by the Italian Competition Authority in 2022 – drawing on prior research to establish a robust analytical framework.FindingsThe findings highlight the importance of incorporating environmental, social and governance criteria into the credit evaluation process for private firms. They underscore the critical role of intellectual capital – comprising human capital, structural capital and relational capital – as a moderating factor in the relationship between sustainable performance and credit access.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the moderating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between sustainable performance and credit access among Italian private firms. While substantial research exists on environmental, social and governance performance in large listed firms, there remains a notable gap concerning the sustainability criteria of private and unlisted entities. This study addresses this gap by providing insights into the unique dynamics of sustainable performance and financial access in the context of private enterprises.
The transition behaviour of self-employed in the UK and the role of unionisation during 2008 economic downturn
Authors: Haj Youssef Moustafa , Nolan Steve , Hussein Hiba 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This study aims to examine the transitions of workers between paid employment and self-employment before and after the 2008 financial crisis, focusing on the drivers behind increased self-employment in the UK and the role of trade union membership in these transitions.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a long-running panel data set, the labour market is divided into three groups: sustained self-employed, always employed and those who transition between the two. The framework assesses the influence of union membership on these transitions.

Findings
Long-term paid employees, rather than those transitioning between employment types, are driving increased self-employment. Union membership appears more attractive post-crisis to paid employees, but disengagement from unions may be linked to transitions towards self-employment.

Originality/value
This research highlights the nuanced role of trade unions in employment transitions and contributes to understanding labour market dynamics post-financial crisis in the UK.
Understanding emergent leader–follower patterns and the role of gender in teams: a micro-temporal account
Authors: Hemshorn de Sánchez Clara Sofie , Mangels Jana , Degner Juliane , Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale 
Published: January 2025

Purpose By investigating the dynamics of leader and follower behavior during small group interactions, we provide insights into the behavioral patterns that give rise to leadership emergence. We also identify gender-related differences in these behavior patterns that may explain the persistent gap in emergent leadership ascriptions between men and women.Design/methodology/approach We video-recorded verbal interactions of 34 zero-history three-person teams collaborating on a task in the laboratory. One team member was a confederate (male vs. female) trained to show emergent leader behavior. To quantify verbal interaction patterns and examine to what extent these team dynamics depend on the confederate’s gender, we conducted a fine-grained interaction analysis of utterances over the interaction period.FindingsWe show that leadership claims by one team member evoked subsequent granting behavior in another team member. The more individuals’ claims were granted (counter-claimed) by others, the higher (lower) their level of ascribed emergent leadership. Claims uttered by male or female confederates were equally likely to be granted by team members. However, female confederate leadership claims elicited more counterclaims.Originality/value Findings highlight the importance of considering leader–follower interaction patterns for the discussion around gender differences in leadership processes.
Seals exhibit localised avoidance of operational tidal turbines
Authors: Montabaranom Jessica , Gillespie Douglas , Longden Emma , Rapson Katie , Holoborodko Anhelina , Sparling Carol , Hastie Gordon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Tidally energetic habitats are used by a range of marine mammals, including pinnipeds. These areas are also important to the tidal energy industry, leading to an overlap between tidal developments and important habitats used by seals. The concerns around negative ecological impacts from tidal turbines derive primarily from the potential for fatal collisions between animals and the moving parts of the turbine (i.e. blades) and habitat exclusion from important areas.

We quantified the number of encounters of seals within close range (10s of metres) of the turbine and estimated the likelihood of seal presence over an annual cycle. Data were collected with two multibeam sonars monitoring an operational turbine in the Pentland Firth, Scotland, between May 2022 and June 2023. There were 704 seal encounters within close range of the turbine.

We used generalised additive models (GAMs) to investigate the temporal patterns of seal presence at the turbine site. Results showed that the probability of seal presence was significantly higher at slack water, at night and during the winter months (November–January: mean of ~4 seals a day). When comparing seal presence between periods of turbine operation and non‐operation, the model predicted a decrease in presence during turbine operation in flow speeds of ≥2.3 ms−1 (mean reduction of 77% at the highest flow speed; 95% CI: 22%–93%).

Synthesis and applications. The result showing that seals exhibit avoidance of the turbine during operation is important for industry developers and regulators, as lower numbers of seals close to the turbine reduces the potential for fatal collisions and injuries. The modelled reductions in presence can be used directly as avoidance rates in collision risk models to predict the impacts of future turbine arrays and de‐risk the consenting process for this industry.
Comprehensive Health Assessment of School‐Age Children Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Prospective Cohort Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Lingling , Yong Yonghong , Yu Xiang , Chen Yin , Zhang Jie , Xia Xinru , Cui Yugui , Diao Feiyang , Liu Jiayin , Meng Yan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the comprehensive health status of school‐age children conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to that of those conceived naturally.DesignA prospective cohort study of children conceived through ART.SettingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.Population SampleOne hundred school‐age children were enrolled and followed up (51 conceived via ART and 49 naturally conceived (controls)).MethodsA comprehensive health status assessment was performed in children aged 6–12 years, including anthropometric measurements, glucose‐lipid metabolism, echocardiography, intelligence, behaviour, vision and hearing. Multivariate regression models were used to adjust for sociodemographic and perinatal covariates.Main Outcome MeasuresComprehensive health status of children conceived via ART.ResultsChildren conceived by ART had similar height, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid profiles compared to the controls. Echocardiography showed similar cardiac geometric morphology and left/right ventricular diastolic‐systolic function between the two groups. ART children had lower carotid intima‐media thickness than controls (0.52 ± 0.11 vs. 0.58 ± 0.11). Visual acuity, hearing and intellectual and behavioural assessments were similar. An alternating covering test for the eyes showed a higher incidence of abnormal eye movement in the ART group than in the control group (87.76% vs. 68.89%).ConclusionsThe similar overall health status of ART‐ and naturally conceived children is reassuring for those receiving ART. However, our study shows a possible increase in the incidence of latent exotropia among ART children. Long‐term follow‐up is warranted to assess the overall health status associated with ART throughout the lifespan.
Climate Policy Uncertainty and CO2 Emissions Dynamics in the USA
Authors: Akçay Selçuk , Uslu Hakan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUncertainty in climate policies is a new topic of study that could impact environmental issues such as CO2 emissions. Using a recently developed monthly dataset on the Climate Policy Uncertainty index (CPU), spanning from April 1987 to September 2022, we investigate whether CPU can be used as a tool to predict total and sectoral energy consumption CO2 emissions changes relying on a time‐varying and frequency‐domain Granger causality techniques for short‐, middle‐, and long‐runs. The current study also investigates symmetric and asymmetric causality between CPU and CO2 emissions. Our results based on the time‐varying Granger causality test show that uncertainty about climate policies causes CO2 emissions. Similarly, the frequency‐domain Granger causality test results reveal that CPU is also a significant cause of CO2 emissions in the long and medium terms. We also search for the asymmetry between CPU and CO2 emissions since positive and negative CPU shocks may have contrasting impacts on CO2 emissions. To see whether this effect changes over time, we conduct the asymmetric Granger‐causality test in the frequency domain and verify asymmetrical associations for some cases. Our findings give policymakers and academics fresh views by highlighting the significance of time‐varying and frequency‐domain aspects in the dynamics of the CPU‐CO2 emissions nexus.
A Post‐Mortem Molecular Damage Profile in the Ancient Human Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Cuesta‐Aguirre Daniel R. , Amor‐Jimenez Cristina , Malgosa Assumpció , Santos Cristina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis is crucial for understanding human population structure and genetic diversity. However, post‐mortem DNA damage poses challenges, that make analysis difficult. DNA preservation is affected by environmental conditions which, among other factors, complicates the differentiation of endogenous variants from artefacts in ancient mtDNA mix profiles. This study aims to develop a molecular damage profile for ancient mtDNA that can become a useful tool in analysing mtDNA from ancient remains. A dataset of 427 whole genomes or capture of mtDNA sequences from individuals representing different historical periods and climatic regions was compiled from the ENA database. Present‐day and UDG‐treated ancient samples were also included and used to establish levels of damaged reads. Results indicated that samples from cold regions exhibited the lowest percentage of damaged reads, followed by arid, cold, tropical and temperate regions, with significant differences observed between cold and temperate regions. A global damage profile was generated, identifying 2933 positions (25% of the positions considered) with damage in more than 23.8% of the samples analysed, deemed as damage hotspots. Notably, 2856 of these hotspots had never been reported as damage or mutational hotspots, or heteroplasmic positions. Damage hotspot frequency by position was slightly higher in the non‐coding region compared with the coding region. In conclusion, this study provides a molecular damage profile for ancient mtDNA analysis that is expected to be a valuable tool in the interpretation of mtDNA variation in ancient samples.
Chromosome‐Level Genome Assembly of Five Emberiza Species Reveals the Genomic Characteristics and Intrinsic Drivers of Adaptive Radiation
Authors: Hu Tingli , Ma Haohao , Xiao Yongxuan , Sun Ruolei , Li Chunlin , Shan Lei , Zhang Baowei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEmberiza buntings (Aves: Emberizidae) exhibit extensive diversity and rapid diversification within the Old World, particularly in the eastern Palearctic, making them valuable models for studying rapid radiation among sympatric species. Despite their ecological and morphological diversity, there remains a significant gap in understanding the genomic underpinnings driving their rapid speciation. To fill this gap, we assembled high‐quality chromosome‐level genomes of five representative Emberiza species (E. aureola, E. pusilla, E. rustica, E. rutila and E. spodocephala). Comparative genomic analysis revealed distinct migration‐related evolutionary adaptations in their genomes, including variations in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response, locomotor ability and circadian regulation. These changes may facilitate the rapid occupation of emerging ecological niches and provide opportunities for species diversification. Additionally, these five species exhibited abnormal abundances of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs), comprising over 20% of their genomes, with insertion times corresponding to their divergence (~2.5 million years ago). The presence of LTRs influenced genome size, chromosomal structure and single‐gene expression, suggesting their role in promoting the rapid diversification of Emberiza species. These findings offer valuable insights into the adaptive radiation of Emberiza and establish a robust theoretical foundation for further exploration of the patterns and mechanisms underlying their diversification.
The Global Seigniorage Duopoly
Authors: Rodríguez Francisco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe inadequacy of global liquidity provision and the unequal distribution of its benefits stem from a fundamental distortion: the exercise of market power by the two largest issuers of international currencies. The United States and Europe jointly provide the currencies used for 79% of global reserves and 91% of trade invoicing, forming a duopoly in the means of payment used by the world economy. The exercise of this market power allows them to capture the bulk of seigniorage rents associated with the provision of global liquidity, while constraining developing countries' growth and limiting the scope of global countercyclical policies. This paper proposes aligning the issuance of special drawing rights (SDRs) with the growth of global reserve demand, as mandated by Article VIII (§7) of the International Monetary Fund's Articles of Agreement. This approach offers a politically feasible path to democratize global liquidity provision and provide developing countries with access to financing currently monopolized by advanced economies.
Emergency department–initiated oral naltrexone for patients with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Cowan Ethan , O'Brien‐Lambert Clare , Eiting Erick , Bull Edward , Ryder Jacqueline , Calderon Yvette , Salsitz Edwin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder in the United States. Despite availability of four FDA‐approved medications, fewer than 10% of patients are prescribed medication. This study aimed to evaluate the impact and feasibility of emergency department (ED)‐initiated oral naltrexone in patients with moderate to severe AUD.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐arm, open‐label, nonrandomized clinical trial conducted a single ED. Consenting participants were adults with moderate to severe AUD who were provided a single 50‐mg dose of oral naltrexone, a 14‐day starter pack of naltrexone, and referral for treatment. Follow‐up was conducted at 14 and 30 days post–ED visit. The primary outcome was engagement in formal addiction treatment. Secondary outcomes included alcohol consumption, craving, quality‐of‐life measures, satisfaction, and safety.ResultsOf 761 patients screened, 21 enrolled and received at least one dose of naltrexone. At 14 days, 29% were engaged in treatment, increasing to 33% at 30 days. There was a decrease in the mean (±SD) number of drinks per day from 5.20 (±4.67) at baseline to 2.23 (±4.35) during the follow‐up period (p = 0.078). There was a decrease in alcohol craving scores, with median scores dropping from 19 at baseline to 8.27 during the follow‐up period (p < 0.001). Quality‐of‐life measures improved, with a statistically significant increase in the reported number of healthy days (p = 0.006) and decrease in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Reported side effects were mild and satisfaction with the screening process was high.ConclusionsED‐initiated oral naltrexone is feasible and acceptable for patients with moderate to severe AUD. While engagement in treatment was moderate, significant reductions in alcohol craving and improvements in quality of life suggest potential benefits. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
MicroRNA‐199a‐5p may be a diagnostic biomarker of primary ITP
Authors: Garabet Lamya , Rangberg Anbjørg , Eriksson Anna Maria , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Teruel‐Montoya Raul , Lozano Maria Luisa , Martinez Constantino , Pettersen Heidi Hassel , Mathisen Åse‐Berit , Tjønnfjord Eirik , Tran Hoa , Brodin Ellen , Tsykunova Galina , Gebhart Johanna , Bussel James , Ghanima Waleed 
Published: January 2025

SummaryThere is no diagnostic test for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Certain microRNAs have shown to have diagnostic potential in ITP. We validated 12 microRNAs identified from two previous studies to find a diagnostic biomarker. The study included two ITP cohorts (n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 28). The first ITP cohort involved 24 patients from the Prolong study, patients with newly diagnosed/persistent ITP (<1 year) treated with corticosteroids ± IVIG but relapsed/failed to respond. The second cohort comprised 37 patients from ITP biobank, Østfold Hospital, Norway, patients had different disease stages and therapies. Twelve microRNAs were measured: miR‐199a‐5p, miR‐33a‐5p, miR‐195‐5p, miR‐130a‐3p, miR‐144‐3p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐222‐3p, miR‐374b‐5p, miR‐486‐5p, miR‐1341‐5p, miR‐766‐3p and miR‐409‐3p. miR‐199a‐5p, miR‐33a‐5p, miR‐374b‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p and miR‐409‐3p were expressed differentially in the entire ITP cohort compared to controls; of those only miR‐199a‐5p showed good discriminative ability between ITP and controls with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.718 (95% CI: 0.599–0.836). In the Prolong cohort (ITP < 1 year), miR‐199a‐5p and miR‐374b‐5p showed very good discriminative ability between ITP and controls with AUC of 0.824 (0.708–0.940) and 0.806 (0.688–0.924) respectively. This study confirmed that miR‐199a‐5p has good discriminative ability between primary ITP and healthy controls, thus may be a diagnostic biomarker of ITP.
Update on pathology of inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Uruha Akinori , Uruha Satoko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInflammatory myopathy is classified into primary autoimmune myositis and secondary myositis due to various factors, such as drugs and autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Autoimmune myositis mainly consists of dermatomyositis, antisynthetase syndrome‐associated myositis, immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy, and inclusion body myositis. This review aims to provide insights into muscle pathology for clinical practice and an understanding of pathophysiology in inflammatory myopathy by summarizing current knowledge about the pathology of each subform of autoimmune myositis and some secondary myositis. Dermatomyositis is associated with type I interferon upregulation. Expression of myxovirus resistance protein A (a type I interferon‐induced protein) in myofibers is utilized as a sensitive diagnostic marker. Antisynthetase syndrome‐associated myositis is morphologically characterized by perifascicular necrosis. A recent study suggests the presence of a characteristic immunological micromilieu suitable for plasma cells in the skeletal muscle tissue. Immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy features an active necrotic and regenerating process. In inclusion body myositis, inflammatory cellular infiltration and rimmed vacuoles reflecting autophagy disruption are observed. The lymphocytes invading myofibers are composed of a highly differentiated T‐cell population, which is considered a potential therapeutic target.
Clozapine Induces Agranulocytosis via Inflammatory and Hematopoietic Cytokine Induction of the JAK–STAT Signaling Pathway: Evidence From Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Ranli , Chen Ximing , Li Yachen , Zhang Qiuyu , Yang Lei , Wang Lina , Sun Yun , Mao Fuqiang , Zhuo Chuan Jun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClozapine exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenia, especially treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. However, clozapine can cause agranulocytosis, a fatal adverse effect, and the aim of this study is to explore this mechanism based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodSix and two databases were used to identify targets associated with clozapine and agranulocytosis, respectively. The bioinformatics online platform was used to identify overlaps between the drug and disease targets. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was characterized using Cystoscope 3.10.1 and STRING. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) were analyzed using the DAVID online platform. A drug‐target‐pathway‐disease network was constructed utilizing Cystoscope 3.10.1. The Auto Dock Vina and PyMOL software were used to verify the molecular docking of clozapine and core targets.ResultsThe analysis revealed 188 overlapping targets. The PPI and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses demonstrated that clozapine induces agranulocytosis by modulating the hematopoietic cell lineage and JAK–STAT signaling pathways via interleukin‐3 (IL3), IL6, IL2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA), and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. Binding energies between clozapine and core targets were favorable (< −7.0 kcal/mol).ConclusionClozapine‐induced agranulocytosis may be linked to the JAK–STAT inflammatory signaling pathway through inflammatory and hematopoietic‐related cytokines. Our findings enhance our comprehension of the potential mechanisms underlying clozapine‐induced agranulocytosis.