bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Use of Tourniquets More Advantageous than Other Bleeding Control Techniques in Patients with Limb Hemorrhage? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cirocchi Roberto , Prigorschi Dominica , Properzi Luca , Matteucci Matteo , Duro Francesca , Tebala Giovanni Domenico , Cirillo Bruno , Sapienza Paolo , Brachini Gioia , Lauricella Sara , Cassini Diletta , Rizzuto Antonia , Mingoli Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Trauma, particularly uncontrolled bleeding, is a major cause of death. Recent evidence-based guidelines recommend the use of a tourniquet when life-threating limb bleeding cannot be controlled with direct pressure. Prehospital hemorrhage management, according to the XABCDE protocol, emphasizes the critical role of tourniquets in controlling massive bleeding. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize data from the available scientific literature on the effectiveness of prehospital tourniquet use for extremity bleeding. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed between March 2022 and March 2024, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, to determine whether prehospital tourniquets are clinically effective. The protocol was published on PROSPERO (ID number: CRD42023450373). Results: A comprehensive literature search yielded 925 articles and 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed a non-statistically significant reduction in mortality risk with tourniquet application (4.02% vs. 6.43%, RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46–1.07). Analysis of outcomes of amputation of the traumatized limb indicated a statistically higher incidence of initial amputation in the tourniquet group (19.32% vs. 6.4%, RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.21–3.52), while delayed amputation showed no difference (9.39% vs. 3.66%, RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.42–2.07). Tourniquet use demonstrated a non-significant reduction in the number of blood components transfused (MD = −0.65; 95% CI −5.23 to 3.93 for pRBC, MD = −0.55; 95% CI −4.06 to 2.97 for plasma). Conclusions: Despite increasing use in civilian settings, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed no significant reduction in mortality or blood product use associated with prehospital tourniquet use. Further research, including high-quality randomized controlled trials, is required, as well as awareness and education campaigns relating to proper tourniquet use in the prehospital setting.
Core functions of primary care in Amathole district, South Africa: a descriptive study
Authors: Mash Robert , Nash Jenny 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundStrengthening primary care is a priority globally and for the South African health system. The current measurement tools in South Africa do not measure the core functions of primary care: access, comprehensiveness, coordination, continuity and person-centredness. A new regional version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) has just been validated and can measure these core functions.AimTo field test the regional PCAT and measure the core functions of primary care performance.Design & settingA descriptive cross-sectional survey in Amathole District, South Africa.MethodData were collected from 386 randomly selected patients from 40 clinics and six subdistricts. Data was collected using the REDCap mobile App and analysed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.ResultsThe median primary care score was 3.3 (IQR 3.2-3.5) where a score>3 was seen as acceptable performance and>3.5 as good. Person-centredness, coordination and utilisation were all scored as good (4.0 (IQR 4.0-4.0). Comprehensiveness (3.3 (IQR 2.9-3.6) and continuity (3.2 (IQR 3.1-3.6) were scored as acceptable. Access to care was scored as poor (1.7 (IQR 1.0-2.9). There were significant differences in primary care scores between subdistricts. Those with a worse health status or chronic condition gave lower scores. The most affluent and the poorest groups also gave lower scores.ConclusionThe district needs to focus on improving access to care as well as some aspects of comprehensiveness, continuity, and coordination. The newly validated regional PCAT provided the district with novel information for performance management and improvement.
Protocolo de manchester: desafios enfrentados nos serviços de urgência e emergência: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Farias Bianca Silva , Santos Aline Laurindo dos , Leite Maria Zahrah Lucena , Salviano Ellen Leite , Carvalho Laís Dantas Torres de , Rodrigues Rômulo Bezerra , Farias Wanderson Santos de , Silva José Augusto Ferreira da 
Published: January 2025

A Triagem Manchester é um sistema de classificação utilizado em países de todo o mundo com o objetivo de trazer um atendimento adequado de acordo com as necessidades de saúde de cada paciente que chega a um sistema de urgência e emergência. Este sistema surgiu na história da saúde a partir de um acordo entre médicos e enfermeiros para facilitar o atendimento daqueles que eram admitidos nas unidades de atendimento. O sistema de triagem permite selecionar e diferenciar o tempo de espera de atendimento nas salas hospitalares, estabelecendo por meio de cores uma organização de acordo com o grau de gravidade. Este artigo tem o objetivo de evidenciar a relevância e a influência da Triagem Manchester na forma como a equipe hospitalar atuará nos quadros clínicos de acordo com sua classificação, tendo influxo sobre o diagnóstico, a solicitação de exames, a conduta medicamentosa e o acompanhamento. A pesquisa dos dados coletados foi realizada nas bases de dados SciElO, PubMed.
تاريخ لفظة (ترجم) في السياق الثقافي العربي (في القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين).
Authors: الريحاني محمد سعيد 
Published: January 2025

يُلقي هذا البحث الموسوم بـتاريخ لفظة (ترجم) في السياق الثقافي العربي (في القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين)، الضوءَ على جوانب معتمة من البحث العلمي في السياق الترجمي العربي لم تنل نصيبها الكافي من الدراسة الرصينة والنقاش العميق رغم كونها عتبات لتقديم المجال والممارسة الترجميتين. يتعلق الأمر بمصطلح (ترجم).
من وجهة نظر منهجية، يشتغل البحث وفق منهج تحليلي (دياكروني) يتعقب نموّ لفظة (ترجم) وتطورها في القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين ويفككها ليصل إلى الأسباب والأدوات وطرائق الاشتغال، تحت توجيه أسئلة تعمّق مجراه.
هل كانت معارك الترجمة وتضارب الاصطلاحات الترجميّة في القرن التاسع عشر واجهات للنهضة العربية الثانية، أم أنها كانت حروبًا ثقافية بالوكالة عن جهات خارجية؟
ما مسوّغات تفرّد لفظة (ترجم) بالمشهد الترجمي في القرن العشرين وما أبعادها ودلالاتها؟
وفي معرض البحث عن أجوبة لهذه الإشكالات؛ خَلُص البحث إلى نتيجتين مهمتين. تتجلّى أولاهما في كون نهضة القرن التاسع عشر كانت صحوة نهضوية برأسين تنظيريين. الرأس التنظيري الأول دافع، من مصر، عن أسلمة الترجمة، وكان عرّابه رفاعة رافع الطهطاوي، أما الرأس التنظيري الثاني فدافع، من الشام، عن علمنة الترجمة، وكان عرّابه بطرس البستاني؛ وبذلك جاءت الألفاظ الدالّة على الترجمة مختلفة، من المنظور المصطلحي؛ إذ تبنّى التيار الأول المدافع عن الأسلوب العربي البياني الأصيل ذي النكهة القرآنية لفظة (عرّب) بينما تبنّى التيار الثاني المدافع عن الانفتاح على الأسلوب الصحفي المعاصر الواضح والبسيط لفظة (ترْجم).
أما النتيجة الثانية التي خَلُصَ إليها البحث فتتجسّد في التأكيد على أن القرن العشرين كان قرن انتصار الفعل (ترجم) على ما دونه من المصطلحات التي سادت في التاريخ العربي قاطبة.
دراسة تاريخية للنساء وتقاطع دورهن السياسي في السلطة - إيلخانية بلاد فارس نموذجًا- (602-735ه/ 1206-1335م).
Authors: الرديني ريم سعود 
Published: January 2025

يُعَدُّ العصر المغوليّ واحدًا من أكثر العصور التاريخيّة إثارةً خلال العصور الوسطى؛ من حيث تداخل الثقافات والديانات المختلفة، التي تركت آثارها وانعكاساتها على الأوضاع الاجتماعيّة والاقتصاديّة والسياسيّة. جاءت هذه الدراسة لتركّز على دور النساء في مجتمع إيلخانية بلاد فارس خلال هذه الفترة المهمّة، باستخدام أدوات تحليليّة لفهم تجاربهن، وتأثيرهنّ في الساحة السياسيّة والاجتماعيّة، والتداخلات الثقافيّة والاجتماعيّة التي أثّرت في حياتهنّ؛ حيث تُسلّط الدراسة الضوء أيضًا على أهمية الدين وهويّة النساء في صياغة أدوارهنّ السياسيّة. وتجيب عن التساؤلات الآتية: ما دور المرأة في المجتمع المغوليّ؟ كيف أثّرت العوامل الثقافيّة والدينيّة على تجارب النساء في هذه المدّة؟ ومن ثم تُلخص نتائج الدراسة في التجارب النسائيّة والتحالفات مع رجال الدين، وتأثيرها في تجاوز القوانين السياسيّة الرسميّة؛ حيث إنّ الفلسفة التقاطعيّة تؤدّي دورًا حيويًا في إدراج النساء في السرد التاريخي إدراجًا كاملًا، وتغيير الصورة النمطية لهنَّ عبر التاريخ.
НОВЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО КОМИ-ПЕРМЯЦКОЙ ФИТОНИМИИ И МИКОНИМИИ
Authors: Гайдамашко Роман Валентинович , Колосова Валерия Борисовна 
Published: January 2025

Рец. на: Материалы для словаря коми-пермяцких названий растений: монография / авт.-сост.: Е. Л. Федосеева, И. И. Русинова, А. С. Лобанова, Ю. А. Шкураток, А. В. Кротова-Гарина. Пермь, 2021. 116 с.; Материалы для словаря коми-пермяцких названий грибов: монография / авт.-сост.: Ю. А. Шкураток, О. В. Боталова, А. С. Лобанова, А. В. Кротова-Гарина, И. И. Русинова, Е. Л. Федосеева. Пермь, 2021. 80 с.
Review of: Fedoseeva, E.L. et al. (2021) Materialy dlya slovarya komi-permyatskikh nazvaniy rasteniy [Materials for the Komi-Permyak plant names dictionary]. Perm. 116 p. Shkuratok, Yu.A. et al. (2021) Materialy dlya slovarya komi-permyatskikh nazvaniy gribov [Materials for the Komi-Permyak mushroom names dictionary]. Perm. 80 p.
Karta Zabytkowych Krajobrazów Kulturowych (KZKK) – propozycja
Authors: Niedźwiecka-Filipiak Irena , Sikora Dorota , Woźniak Łukasz , Woźniak Alicja 
Published: January 2025

Obserwacja i badania dynamicznych procesów zachodzących w krajobrazie kulturowym, zagrażających jego zabytkowym wartościom, a także przeświadczenie o konieczności pełnego wdrożenia zapisów EKK w zakresie planowania, gospodarowania, a także polityki w zakresie krajobrazu stały się inspiracją do opracowania propozycji "Karty zabytkowych krajobrazów kulturowych" (KZKK). Zasady przedstawione w KZKK mają na celu przeciwdziałanie stratom i niekorzystnym zmianom w zabytkowych krajobrazach kulturowych w Polsce, poprzez ich identyfikację, waloryzację, diagnozę, w tym wskazanie zagrożeń oraz promowanie wartości. Stwierdzono, że nie jest możliwa ochrona krajobrazu kulturowego bez uwzględnienia jego dynamicznego charakteru i zmienności w czasie. Zasugerowano, że ochronie wartości zabytkowych krajobrazów kulturowych będzie sprzyjała ich identyfikacja oraz zachowanie ich cech reprezentatywnych i wyróżników w procesach gospodarowania i planowania. Wskazano także na konieczność interdyscyplinarnej współpracy przedstawicieli wszystkich interesariuszy przy formułowaniu konserwatorskiej polityki krajobrazowej. Celem Karty jest rekomendowanie zrównoważonych relacji pomiędzy aspektami ekonomicznymi, społecznymi, kulturowymi i przyrodniczymi krajobrazów, w procesach ich ochrony, gospodarowania i planowania, z uwzględnieniem wszystkich interesariuszy, przy zapewnieniu wiodącej roli środowiskom konserwatorskim w kwestiach dotyczących zabytkowych wartości krajobrazów. Karta Zabytkowych Krajobrazów Kulturowych powstała w ramach Komisji Teorii Konserwatorskiej PKN ICOMOS.
The Unique Environmental Features of the Arctic That Affect Military Capabilities
Authors: Szalkai Patrik 
Published: January 2025

The study explores the question of how the Arctic’s natural characteristics affect military capabilities and assets. It will show how the region-specific nature of some of the Earth’s subsystems (e.g., ionosphere or hydrosphere) impacts communications, warfare, and the use of submarines and drones. The study will highlight how many of the tools used in military operations, such as batteries and communications equipment, are significantly affected by the extreme Arctic environment. It also discusses the challenges that these natural conditions pose to specific military equipment (submarines, swarm drones) and the human aspects of warfare, such as calorie and water intake, the logistics of these, and medical aspects. The paper argues that military operations in the Arctic can only be successful if comprehensive, region-specific knowledge is available.
Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
Authors: Fatmawati Nurul Fidya , Rohmah Sinvi Faido , Yaqin Makhfudz Ainul , Amaliyah Fitriyah 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara kelas yang menerapkan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan quasi-eksperimen. Desain quasi-eksperimen ini melibatkan dua kelas, yaitu kelas kontrol tanpa perlakuan khusus dan kelas eksperimen yang diberikan perlakuan berupa model PBL. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV di SDN 4 Dersalam yang berjumlah 23 siswa, dengan 12 siswa berada di kelas eksperimen dan 11 siswa di kelas kontrol. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji independent sample t-test yang menunjukkan nilai Sig.(2-tailed) sebesar 0.02, lebih kecil dari 0.05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa di kelas eksperimen dan kelas control.Terbukti dari hasil test menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa berkaitan dengan kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal dengan pemecahan masalah matematis.
Pengaruh Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Dan Pojok Baca Terhadap Minat Baca Siswa Kelas 3 SDN Pati Kidul 05
Authors: Wulandari Ardhina Puspita , Amaliyah Fitriyah 
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gerakan literasi sekolah dan pojok baca terhadap minat baca siswa kelas III SDN Pati Kidul 05. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas III SDN Pati Kidul 05. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 12 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan regresi sederhana untuk menginterpretasikan hasil yang diperoleh dari kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Gerakan literasi sekolah memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap minat baca siswa kelas III SDN Pati Kidul 05. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji korelasi yang menunjukkan nilai signifikansi < 0,05 untuk gerakan literasi sekolah, serta hasil uji regresi yang menunjukkan nilai thitung > ttabel. Sementara itu, pojok baca tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat baca siswa, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh nilai signifikansi > 0,05 dan nilai thitung < ttabel.
Investigations of MWISP Filaments. I. Filament Identification and Analysis Algorithms, and Source Catalog
Authors: Jiang Yu , Chen Xuepeng , Zheng Sheng , Jiang Zhibo , Chen Zhiwei , Huang Yao , Su Yang , Sun Li , Feng Jian-Cheng , Feng Haoran , Yang Ji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Filaments play a crucial role in providing the necessary environmental conditions for star formation, actively participating in the process. To facilitate the identification and analysis of filaments, we introduce Directional and Positional Consistency between Clumps and Filaments (DPConCFil), a suite of algorithms comprising one identification method and two analysis methods. The first method, the consistency-based identification approach, uses directional and positional consistency among neighboring clumps and local filament axes to identify filaments in the position–position–velocity data cube. The second method employs a graph-based skeletonization technique to extract the filament intensity skeletons. The third method, a graph-based substructuring approach, allows the decomposition of complex filaments into simpler subfilaments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DPConCFil by applying the identification method to the clumps detected in the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting survey data set by FacetClumps, successfully identifying a batch of filaments across various scales within 10° ≤ l ≤ 20°, −5

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∘

25​​​​​​ ≤ b ≤ 5

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∘

25, and −200 km s−1 ≤v ≤ 200 km s−1. Subsequently, we apply the analysis methods to the identified filaments, presenting a catalog with basic parameters and conducting statistics of their galactic distribution and properties. DPConCFil is openly available on GitHub (https://github.com/JiangYuTS/DPConCFil), accompanied by a manual.
A Search for the O’Connell Effect in Contact Binaries in the Era of Big Sky Surveys. I.
Authors: Kleftogiannis Georgios D. , Christopoulou Panagiota-Eleftheria , Papageorgiou Athanasios 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Asymmetries between the two maxima of the light curves of contact binaries, known as the O'Connell effect, have been identified using the All Sky Automated Survey, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, Northern Sky Variability Survey, Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, and Optical Monitoring Camera sky surveys. The morphology of the mean light curve has been analyzed for a total of 43,659 objects already classified as contact binaries. After applying several filters and criteria, we present a sample of 797 systems representing the largest sample to date of maxima asymmetries of EW-type binaries with ∣Δm∣ up to 0.13 mag. We also added information on distance and temperature from Gaia DR3 and The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. We investigated the statistical distributions of periods, temperatures, signs of maximum asymmetry, O'Connell effect ratio and light-curve asymmetry indices of asymmetry, and their correlations. While starspots could explain the different maxima asymmetries in stars with convection zones and differential rotations, the discovery of sizeable asymmetric maxima in 161 early-type systems above the upper limit of the Kraft break (T > 6700 K) may indicate a different mechanism. We also report systems with peculiar unequal maxima.
Reliable Detections of Atmospheres on Rocky Exoplanets with Photometric JWST Phase Curves
Authors: Hammond Mark , Guimond Claire Marie , Lichtenberg Tim , Nicholls Harrison , Fisher Chloe , Luque Rafael , Meier Tobias G. , Taylor Jake , Changeat Quentin , Dang Lisa , Hay Hamish C. F. C. , Herbort Oliver , Teske Johanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The prevalence of atmospheres on rocky planets is one of the major questions in exoplanet astronomy, but there are currently no published unambiguous detections of atmospheres on any rocky exoplanets. The MIRI instrument on JWST can measure thermal emission from tidally locked rocky exoplanets orbiting small, cool stars. This emission is a function of their surface and atmospheric properties, potentially allowing detections of atmospheres. One way to find atmospheres is to search for lower dayside emission than would be expected for a blackbody planet. Another technique is to measure phase curves of thermal emission to search for nightside emission due to atmospheric heat redistribution. Here, we compare strategies for detecting atmospheres on rocky exoplanets. We simulate secondary eclipse and phase curve observations in the MIRI F1500W and F1280W filters for a range of surfaces (providing our open-access albedo data) and atmospheres on 30 exoplanets selected for their F1500W signal-to-noise ratio. We show that secondary eclipse observations are more degenerate between surfaces and atmospheres than suggested in previous work, and that thick atmospheres can support emission consistent with a blackbody planet in these filters. These results make it difficult to unambiguously detect or rule out atmospheres using their photometric dayside emission alone. We suggest that an F1500W phase curve could instead be observed for a similar sample of planets. While phase curves are time-consuming and their instrumental systematics can be challenging, we suggest that they allow the only unambiguous detections of atmospheres by nightside thermal emission.
The Discovery and Characterization of Minimoon 2024 PT5
Authors: Bolin Bryce T. , Denneau Larry , Abron Laura-May , Jedicke Robert , Chiboucas Kristin , Ingebretsen Carl , Lemaux Brian C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Minimoons are asteroids that become temporarily captured by the Earth–Moon system. We present the discovery of 2024 PT5, a minimoon discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System Sutherland telescope on 2024 August 7. The minimoon with heliocentric semimajor axis, a ~ 1.01 au, and perihelion, q ~ 0.99 au, became captured by the Earth–Moon system on 2024 September 29 and left on 2024 November 25 UTC. Visible g, r, i, and Z spectrophotometry was obtained using Gemini North/Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on 2024 September 27. The color indices are g − r = 0.58 ± 0.04, r − i = 0.29 ± 0.04, and i​​​​​​​ − Z = −0.27 ± 0.06, and the spectrum best matches lunar rock samples followed by S-complex asteroids. Assuming an albedo of 0.21 and using our measured absolute magnitude of 28.64 ± 0.04, 2024 PT5 has a diameter of 5.4 ± 1.2 m. We also detect variations in the lightcurve of 2024 PT5 with a 0.28 ± 0.07 mag amplitude and a double-peaked period of ~2600 ± 500 s. We improve the orbital solution of 2024 PT5 with our astrometry and estimate the effect of radiation pressure on its deriving an area-to-mass ratio of 7.02 ± 2.05 × 10−5 m2 kg−1, implying a density of ~3.9 ± 2.1 g cm−3, compatible with having a rocky composition. If we assume 2024 PT5 is from the near-Earth object (NEO) population, its most likely sources are resonances in the inner Main Belt when we compare its orbit with the NEO population model though this does not exclude a lunar origin.
Deep Learning the Forecast of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Spectra
Authors: Du Yi-Lun , Song Xiaojian , Luo Xi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce a novel deep learning framework based on long short-term memory networks to predict galactic cosmic-ray spectra on a one-day-ahead basis by leveraging historical solar activity data, overcoming limitations inherent in traditional transport models. By flexibly incorporating multiple solar parameters, such as the heliospheric magnetic field, solar wind speed, and sunspot numbers, the model achieves accurate short-term and long-term predictions of cosmic-ray flux. The addition of historical cosmic-ray flux data significantly enhances prediction accuracy, allowing the model to capture complex dependencies between past and future flux variations. Additionally, the model reliably predicts full cosmic-ray spectra for different particle species, enhancing its utility for comprehensive space weather forecasting. Our approach offers a scalable, data-driven alternative to traditional physics-based methods, ensuring robust daily and long-term forecasts. This work opens avenues for advanced models that can integrate broader observational data, with significant implications for space weather monitoring and mission planning.