bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for time dependency in meta‐analyses of concordance probability estimates
Authors: Schmid Matthias , Friede Tim , Klein Nadja , Weinhold Leonie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent years have seen the development of many novel scoring tools for disease prognosis and prediction. To become accepted for use in clinical applications, these tools have to be validated on external data. In practice, validation is often hampered by logistical issues, resulting in multiple small‐sized validation studies. It is therefore necessary to synthesize the results of these studies using techniques for meta‐analysis. Here we consider strategies for meta analyzing the concordance probability for time‐to‐event data (“C‐index”), which has become a popular tool to evaluate the discriminatory power of prediction models with a right‐censored outcome. We show that standard meta‐analysis of the C‐index may lead to biased results, as the magnitude of the concordance probability depends on the length of the time interval used for evaluation (defined e.g., by the follow‐up time, which might differ considerably between studies). To address this issue, we propose a set of methods for random‐effects meta‐regression that incorporate time directly as covariate in the model equation. In addition to analyzing nonlinear time trends via fractional polynomial, spline, and exponential decay models, we provide recommendations on suitable transformations of the C‐index before meta‐regression. Our results suggest that the C‐index is best meta‐analyzed using fractional polynomial meta‐regression with logit‐transformed C‐index values. Classical random‐effects meta‐analysis (not considering time as covariate) is demonstrated to be a suitable alternative when follow‐up times are small. Our findings have implications for the reporting of C‐index values in future studies, which should include information on the length of the time interval underlying the calculations.
Localizations of integer‐valued polynomials and of their Picard group
Authors: Spirito Dario 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove a necessary and sufficient criterion for the ring of integer‐valued polynomials to behave well under localization. Then, we study how the Picard group of Int(D) and the quotient group behave in relation to Jaffard, weak Jaffard, and pre‐Jaffard families; in particular, we show that when T ranges in a Jaffard family of D, and study when similar isomorphisms hold when T ranges in a pre‐Jaffard family. In particular, we show that the previous isomorphism holds when D is an almost Dedekind domain such that the ring integer‐valued polynomials behave well under localization and such that the maximal space of D is scattered with respect to the inverse topology.
5‐(3′,4′‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐Valerolactone Is a Substrate for Human Paraoxonase: A Novel Pathway in Flavan‐3‐ol Metabolism
Authors: Momma Tony Y. , Kuhnle Gunter G. C. , Fong Reedmond Y. , Ensunsa Jodi L. , Crozier Alan , Schroeter Hagen , Ottaviani Javier I. 
Published: July 2023

ScopeDietary flavan‐3‐ols are known to mediate cardiovascular benefits. Currently, it is assumed that the levels of flavan‐3‐ol catabolites detected in humans, 5‐(3ʹ,4ʹ‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone (γVL) and 5‐(3ʹ,4ʹ‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valeric acid (γVA), and their corresponding phase II metabolites, are determined exclusively by the action of the gut microbiome. However, a family of human proteins, paraoxonase (PON), can theoretically hydrolyze γVL metabolites into the corresponding γVAs. This study aims to determine if PON is involved in γVL and γVA metabolism in humans.Methods and resultsA rapid conversion of γVL into γVA is detected in serum ex vivo (half‐life = 9.8 ± 0.3 min) that is catalyzed by PON1 and PON3 isoforms. Phase II metabolites of γVL are also reacted with PON in serum. Following an intake of flavan‐3‐ol in healthy males (n = 13), the profile of γVA metabolites detected is consistent with that predicted from the reactivity of γVL metabolites with PON in serum. Furthermore, common PON polymorphisms are evaluated to assess the use of γVL metabolites as biomarkers of flavan‐3‐ol intake.ConclusionPONs are involved in flavan‐3‐ol metabolic pathway in humans. PON polymorphisms have a minor contribution to inter‐individual differences in the levels of γVL metabolites, without affecting their use as a nutritional biomarker.
Put it in the bag: Order fulfillment with a pocket sorter system
Authors: Boysen Nils , Briskorn Dirk , Füßler David , Stephan Konrad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to high real estate costs in urban areas, shop floor space is scarce in most brick‐and‐mortar stores. Maneuvering newly arrived merchandise through narrow aisles during shelf replenishment is time‐consuming for the sales staff and impedes customers. Therefore, many retail chains nowadays aim for store‐friendly shipments (SFS). By mirroring the layout of a store in the buildup of its dedicated shipments, the need for a zigzag movement through the store when replenishing shelves can be avoided. On the negative side, however, additional effort arises in the distribution centers. A suitable warehousing system to assemble SFS without excessive effort is a pocket (or pouch or bag) sorter, where each item is put into its separate bag. These bags, filled with items, are automatically transported while hanging from an overhead conveyor and can be sorted into any sequence before being delivered to the workstations that build SFS. This article investigates the assembly of SFS with a pocket sorter and presents scheduling procedures to enhance the efficiency of this process for a given set of store orders. We demonstrate that, despite its notorious complexity, the problem can be solved by simple decision rules with good performance. In a case study, we show that this approach can dramatically reduce the completion times of store orders, resulting in savings of more than 60% of the total working hours compared to a simple real‐world policy. Another 30% of reduction can be obtained by standardized store layouts.
Effect of synbiotics on weight loss and metabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lyon John , Connell Mary , Chandrasekaran Kartik , Srivastava Shalini 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotics on body composition and metabolic health in individuals with excessive body weight.MethodsThe 12‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial had individuals aged 30 to 60 years with BMI of 25 to 34.9 kg/m2. In total, 172 participants were randomly allocated to either synbiotic V5 or V7 groups or the placebo group. The primary outcome was change in BMI and body fat percentage. Secondary outcomes were changes in weight, other metabolic health and inflammatory markers, gastrointestinal quality of life, and eating behaviors.ResultsThe V5 and V7 groups had a significant reduction in BMI (p < 0.0001) from baseline to the end of the study, as opposed to the nonsignificant change in the placebo group (p = 0.0711). This reduction in the V5 and V7 groups was statistically significant when compared individually with the change in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). This corresponded well with the decrease in body weight with V5 and V7 (p < 0.0001). In addition, compared with placebo, the increase in high‐density lipoprotein was statistically significant in the V5 (p < 0.0001) and V7 groups (p = 0.0205). A similar trend was observed in the high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels, with a statistically significant decrease in the V5 (p < 0.0001) and V7 (0.0005) groups.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that synbiotic V5 and V7 were effective in reducing body weight in individuals with lifestyle modification.
Registration of ‘TifNV‐HG’ peanut
Authors: Holbrook C. Corley , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Chu Ye , Brenneman Tim B. , Culbreath Albert K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract‘TifNV‐HG’ (Reg. no. CV‐153, PI 702637) is a runner‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar released by the USDA‐ARS and the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2021. TifNV‐HG was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. TifNV‐HG is a high oleic acid, runner market‐type cultivar that also has resistance to the peanut root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] and resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). Breeding populations were developed by hybridizing C1805‐617‐2 × ‘Georgia‐06G’. C1805‐617‐2 is a breeding line selected from the cross of ‘Tifguard’ × ‘Florida‐07’. Marker‐assisted selection was used in the development of TifNV‐HG to select for nematode resistance and the high oleic to linoleic (O/L) characteristic. TifNV‐HG has a high level of resistance to both the peanut root‐knot nematode and TSWV and has a high ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid. When tested in fields without nematode pressure, TifNV‐HG exhibited yields that were at least similar to other currently grown peanut cultivars. When tested in fields with nematode pressure, TifNV‐HG exhibited yield that was at least equivalent to the nematode‐resistant cultivars TifNV‐High O/L and Georgia‐14N and significantly higher than the susceptible check cultivar Georgia‐06G. TifNV‐HG exhibited higher grade in comparison to TifNV‐High O/L.
Parasitoids as taxonomists: how does the parasitoid Chouioia cunea distinguish between a host and a non‐host?
Authors: Pan Lina , Gao Wenfang , Liu Xinyu , Qin Dongyu , Zhang Tiantian , Ren Rui , Zhang Weiyi , Sun Meidi , Gao Cuiqing , Bai Penghua , You Wei , Zhu Gengping , Li Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHow parasitoids distinguish hosts from non‐hosts remains an unknown question. Chouioia cunea Yang (Eulophidae) is an important fall webworm parasitoid that attacks many forest and agricultural pests. To study the differences in the chemical clues used by C. cunea to distinguish host and non‐host plants, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify volatile compounds of two C. cunea hosts (Hyphantria cunea and Helicoverpa armigera) and two non‐hosts (Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera frugiperda). Additionally, we used behavioral assays to compare the attraction of C. cunea to various compounds.RESULTSThe two natural host species were more attractive than the two non‐host species, in the following order: Hyphantria cunea > Helicoverpa armigera > S. exigua = S. frugiperda. The pupae of the natural hosts contained 1‐dodecene, which was not produced by the two natural non‐hosts. When the ‘attractants’ based on the difference between the species‐specific blend emitted by pupae and the optimal blend were sprayed onto the natural non‐host pupae, they significantly improved the attraction of C. cunea to the non‐host pupae.CONCLUSIONThese results revealed that specific host‐produced volatile compounds guide C. cunea to distinguish between natural hosts and non‐hosts. Overall, this study provides a foundation for developing a behavior‐modifying strategy to re‐direct C. cunea attacks to control important non‐host pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recurring bleaching events disrupt the spatial properties of coral reef benthic communities across scales
Authors: Ford Helen V. , Gove Jamison M. , Healey John R. , Davies Andrew J. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Williams Gareth J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves are causing recurring coral bleaching events on tropical reefs that are driving ecosystem change. Yet, little is known about how bleaching and subsequent coral mortality impacts the spatial properties of tropical seascapes, such as patterns of organism spatial clustering and heterogeneity across scales. Changes in these spatial properties can offer insight into ecosystem recovery potential following disturbance. Here we repeatedly quantified coral reef benthic spatial properties around the circumference of an uninhabited tropical island in the central Pacific over a 9‐year period that included a minor and subsequent severe marine heatwave. Benthic communities showed increased biotic homogenisation following both minor and mass bleaching, becoming more taxonomically similar with less diverse intra‐island community composition. Hard coral cover, which was highly spatially clustered around the island prior to bleaching, became less spatially clustered following minor bleaching and was indiscernible from a random distribution across all scales (100–2000 m) following mass bleaching. Interestingly, the reduced degree of hard coral cover spatial clustering was already evident by the onset of mass bleaching and before any dramatic wholesale loss in island‐mean coral cover occurred. Reductions in hard coral spatial clustering may therefore offer an early indication of the ecosystem becoming degraded prior to mass coral mortality. In contrast, the spatial clustering of competitive fleshy macroalgae remained unchanged through both bleaching events, while crustose coralline algae and fleshy turf algae became more spatially clustered at larger scales (200–700 m) following mass bleaching. Overall, benthic community spatial patterning became less predictable following bleaching and was no longer reflective of gradients in long‐term environmental drivers that typically structure these remote reefs. Our findings provide novel insights into how climate‐driven marine heatwaves can impact the spatial properties of coral reef communities over multiple scales.
Phase Field Simulations for Fatigue Failure Prediction in Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Yan S. , Müller R. , Ravani B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFatigue failure is one of the most crucial issues in manufacturing and engineering processes. Stress cycles can cause cracks to form and grow over time, eventually leading to structural failure. To avoid these failures, it is important to predict fatigue crack evolution behavior in advance. In the past decade, the phase field method for crack evoluation analysis has drawn a lot of attention for its application in fracture mechanics. The biggest advantage of the phase field model is its uniform description of all crack evolution behaviors by one evolution equation. The phase field method simultaneously models crack nucleation and crack propagation which will be particularly useful manufacturing problems. In this work, we show that the phase field method is capable to reproduce the most important fatigue features, e.g., Paris’ law, mean stress effect, and load sequence effects. For efficient computing, a “cycle”- “time” transformation is introduced to convert individual cycle numbers into a continuous time domain. In order to exploit the symmetry property of the demonstrated examples, a phase field model in cylindrical coordinates is presented. Finally, the fatigue modeling approach presented is applied to study a cold forging process in manufacturing.
Cardiac arrest in the perioperative period: a consensus guideline for identification, treatment, and prevention from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery
Authors: Hinkelbein Jochen , Andres Janusz , Böttiger Bernd W. , Brazzi Luca , De Robertis Edoardo , Einav Sharon , Gwinnutt Carl , Kuvaki Bahar , Krawczyk Pawel , McEvoy Matthew D. , Mertens Pieter , Moitra Vivek K. , Navarro-Martinez Jose , Nunnally Mark E. , O´Connor Michael , Rall Marcus , Ruetzler Kurt , Schmitz Jan , Thies Karl , Tilsed Jonathan , Zago Mauro , Afshari Arash 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Cardiac arrest in the operating room is a rare but potentially life-threatening event with mortality rates of more than 50%. Contributing factors are often known, and the event is recognised rapidly as patients are usually under full monitoring. This guideline covers the perioperative period and is complementary to the European Resuscitation Council guidelines.

Material And Methods
The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery jointly nominated a panel of experts to develop guidelines for the recognition, treatment, and prevention of cardiac arrest in the perioperative period. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All searches were restricted to publications from 1980 to 2019 inclusive and to the English, French, Italian and Spanish languages. The authors also contributed individual, independent literature searches.

Results
This guideline contains background information and recommendation for the treatment of cardiac arrest in the operating room environment, and addresses controversial topics such as open chest cardiac massage, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion and resuscitative thoracotomy, pericardiocentesis, needle decompression, and thoracostomy.

Conclusions
Successful prevention and management of cardiac arrest during anaesthesia and surgery requires anticipation, early recognition, and a clear treatment plan. The ready availability of expert staff and equipment must also be taken into consideration. Success not only depends on medical knowledge, technical skills and a well-organised team using crew resource management, but also on an institutional safety culture embedded in everyday practice through continuous education, training, and multidisciplinary co-operation.
Theory languages in designing artificial intelligence
Authors: Saariluoma Pertti , Karvonen Antero 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe foundations of AI design discourse are worth analyzing. Here, attention is paid to the nature of theory languages used in designing new AI technologies because the limits of these languages can clarify some fundamental questions in the development of AI. We discuss three types of theory language used in designing AI products: formal, computational, and natural. Formal languages, such as mathematics, logic, and programming languages, have fixed meanings and no actual-world semantics. They are context- and practically content-free. Computational languages use terms referring to the actual world, i.e., to entities, events, and thoughts. Thus, computational languages have actual-world references and semantics. They are thus no longer context- or content-free. However, computational languages always have fixed meanings and, for this reason, limited domains of reference. Finally, unlike formal and computational languages, natural languages are creative, dynamic, and productive. Consequently, they can refer to an unlimited number of objects and their attributes in an unlimited number of domains. The differences between the three theory languages enable us to reflect on the traditional problems of strong and weak AI.
The increased anterior talofibular ligament–posterior talofibular ligament angle on MRI may help evaluate chronic ankle instability
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lan Ting , Chen Junyao , Wei Zidong , Shi Houyin , Wang Guoyou 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study intended to compare the difference between the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) angle with chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients and healthy volunteers, and to confirm whether using the ATFL–PTFL angle could be a reliable assessment method for CAI, so as to improve the accuracy and specificity of clinical diagnosis.

Methods
This retrospective study included 240 participants: 120 CAI patients and 120 healthy volunteers between 2015 and 2021. The ATFL–PTFL angle of the ankle region was gaged in the cross-sectional supine position on MRI between two groups. After participants undergoing a comprehensive MRI scanning, ATFL–PTFL angles were regarded as the main indicator of patients with the injured ATFLs and healthy volunteers to compare, and were measured by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. Moreover, other qualitative and quantitative indicators referring to anatomical and morphological characteristics of the AFTL were included in this study with MRI, such as the length, width, thickness, shape, continuity, and signal intensity of the ATFL, which can be used as secondary indicators.

Results
In the CAI group, the ATFL–PTFL angle was 90.8° ± 5.7°, which was significantly different from the non-CAI group where the ATFL–PTFL angle for 80.0° ± 3.7° (p < 0.001). As for the ATFL-MRI characteristics, the length (p = 0.003), width (p < 0.001), and thickness (p < 0.001) in the CAI group were also significantly different from the non-CAI group. Over 90% of the cases, patients of the CAI group had injured ATFL with an irregular shape, non-continuous, and high or mixed signal intensity.

Conclusion
Compared with healthy people, the ATFL–PTFL angle of most CAI patients is larger, which can be used as a secondary index to diagnose CAI. However, the MRI characteristic changes of ATFL may not relate to the increased ATFL–PTFL angle.
The effect of telephone health coaching and remote exercise monitoring for peripheral artery disease (TeGeCoach) on health care cost and utilization: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Heider Dirk , Rezvani Farhad , Matschinger Herbert , Dirmaier Jörg , Härter Martin , Herbarth Lutz , Steinisch Patrick , Böbinger Hannes , Schuhmann Franziska , Krack Gundula , Korth Thomas , Thomsen Lara , Chase Daniela Patricia , Schreiber Robert , Alscher Mark-Dominik , Finger Benjamin , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the third most prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In 2016, costs per patient associated with PAD exceeded even the health-economic burden of coronary heart disease. Although affecting over 200 million people worldwide, a clear consensus on the most beneficial components to be included in home-based exercise programs for patients with peripheral artery disease is lacking. The aim of the study was to examine the health care use and costs caused by the 12-month patient-centered ‘Telephone Health Coaching and Remote Exercise Monitoring for Peripheral Artery Disease’ (TeGeCoach) program in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
This is a two-arm, parallel-group, open-label, pragmatic, randomized, controlled clinical trial (TeGeCoach) at three German statutory health insurance funds with follow-up assessments after 12 and 24-months. Study outcomes were medication use (daily defined doses), days in hospital, sick pay days and health care costs, from the health insurers’ perspective. Claims data from the participating health insurers were used for analyses. The main analytic approach was an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Other approaches (modified ITT, per protocol, and as treated) were executed additionally as sensitivity analysis. Random-effects regression models were calculated to determine difference-in-difference (DD) estimators for the first- and the second year of follow-up. Additionally, existing differences at baseline between both groups were treated with entropy balancing to check for the stability of the calculated estimators.

Results
One thousand six hundred eighty-five patients (Intervention group (IG) = 806; Control group (CG) = 879) were finally included in ITT analyses. The analyses showed non-significant effects of the intervention on savings (first year: − 352€; second year: − 215€). Sensitivity analyses confirmed primary results and showed even larger savings.

Conclusion
Based on health insurance claims data, a significant reduction due to the home-based TeGeCoach program could not be found for health care use and costs in patients with PAD. Nevertheless, in all sensitivity analysis a tendency became apparent for a non-significant cost reducing effect.

Trial registration
NCT03496948 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), initial release on 23 March 2018