bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palabras del Presidente Germán Gamarra Hernández
Authors: Gamarra Hernández Germán 
Published: September 2023

Fragmento:
Señores miembros de la junta directiva de la Academia Nacional de Medicina, Invitados especiales, representantes de las diferentes organizaciones de profesionales de la salud, de las facultades de medicina y de las diferentes entidades que conforman el Colegio Máximo de las Academias de Colombia, académicas y académicos presentes en este auditorio y los que se conectan a través de los canales virtuales, Inés Cecilia y demás señoras y acompañantes.
Nos reunimos hoy en este recinto, Auditorio César Augusto Pantoja, para celebrar los primeros 150 años de existencia de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia, institución científica sin ánimo de lucro, que nace como Sociedad de Medicina y Ciencias Naturales el 3 de enero de 1873, en la casa del doctor Abraham Aparicio Cruz, lugar donde se realizó la primera reunión de la mencionada sociedad.
Intervención de la representante de la OPS para Colombia. Gina Tambini Gómez
Authors: Tambini Gómez Gina 
Published: September 2023

Fragmento:
Iniciamos la presentación estableciendo un paralelismo histórico entre dos instituciones la Academia Nacional de Medicina con 150 años y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) con 120 años, destacando el contexto sanitario que le dio origen a ambas instituciones.
En los inicios de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Academia Nacional de Medicina buscaron sus miembros responder a brotes epidémicos, epidemias de enfermedades transmisibles buscando el saneamiento básico, la salubridad e higiene de la población.
Pronunciamientos de la Academia Nacional de Medicina
Authors: De Medicina de Colombia Academia Nacional 
Published: September 2023

1- MODELO DE PREVENCIÓN Y PREDICCIÓN.
2- ACUERDOS FUNDAMENTALES PARA EL PLENO DESARROLLO DE LA LEY ESTATUTARIA EN SALUD
3- CONSIDERACIONES RESPECTO AL PROYECTO DE LEY 339, RADICADO EN LA CÁMARA DE REPRESENTANTES
Foro: Intervención de representantes del grupo Acuerdos Fundamentales
Authors: Marulanda Plata Stevenson , Mayorga Ramírez Clemencia , Bernal Ocampo Dora Patricia , Díaz González Roberto 
Published: September 2023

Fragmento:
En la Academia Nacional de Medicina, el viernes 3 de febrero de 2023 se dieron cita los representantes del grupo Acuerdos Fundamentales, conformado por 14 organizaciones académicas, científicas y gremiales de la salud con la ministra de Salud y Protección Social, Dra. Carolina Corcho Mejía, con el fin de conocer la propuesta del gobierno nacional sobre la reforma al sistema de salud, y a su vez dar respuesta a las inquietudes sobre diferentes temas, para lo cual cada organización tuvola oportunidad de intervenir.
Posesión nueva Junta Directiva 2023-2025
Authors: De Medicina de Colombia Academia Nacional 
Published: September 2023

Fragmento:
El 30 de marzo se llevó a cabo la sesión solemne de posesión de la Junta Directiva elegida para el periodo 2023 - 2025. En ella, el Canciller hizo entrega de la Condecoración Cruz de Plata al presidente saliente, Dr. Germán Gamarra. También se entregaron reconocimientos a los dignatarios salientes de la junta anterior, en este caso al Dr. Germán Gamarra y al Dr. Gabriel Carrasquilla. Posteriormente, el presidente electo tomó el juramento a los demás miembros de la junta, Dr. David Vásquez Awad como Vicepresidente, Dr. Gustavo Landazábal como Secretario General y Dr. Michel Faizal Geagea como Tesorero. Continúa como Canciller el Dr. Zoilo Cuéllar Montoya.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento para identificar las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje en la educación técnica industrial
Authors: Fiallos Melvin Octavio , Fiallos Gonzáles Leocadio 
Published: September 2023

Este es un estudio sobre el diseño y validación de un cuestionario que será utilizado para identificar como aplica la didáctica en la enseñanza de la educación técnica, el objetico del trabajo es diseñar y validar un instrumento que permita identificas las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje en la educación técnica, en cuatro dimensiones, para ello se selección una muestra de 31 profesores de educación media, con la información se realizó la prueba de fiabilidad del alfa de Crombach, además de la prueba KMO mostro una significatividad p=.000 y el KMO>0.5, Es de considerar la relación entre las dimensiones presentan la necesidad de establecer una relación con los diferentes componentes teóricos y el componente practico del que hacer docente con las metodologías requeridas en los diferentes contextos en los que se desarrolla el currículo.
An Updated Geomechanical Model for an Innovation Test Well Drilled at a Drilling Test Facility in Grimes County, Texas
Authors: Chen G. , Wright C. , Nelson C. , Stuart G. , Wang P. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
A previously developed geomechanical model for a drilling test site was updated for a new, innovation test well drilled on the same site. New offset loss circulation data were evaluated and updated for the minimum horizontal stress profile. Critical mud weight window considering different well orientations and the temperature effect are presented. It was demonstrated that critical bottom-hole pressure data were missed during real-time pulsing but recorded in the PWD (pressure while drilling) tool memory. Multiple loss circulation data during drilling and cementing, real-time and memory ECD (equivalent circulating density) data, updated formation tops and formation geothermal gradient measured from a permanent fiber-optic cable are incorporated into the updated model. 36+ additional vertical/directional/horizontal wells up to ∼11,500 ft (3505.2 m) TVD (true vertical depth) were drilled from four different surface hole locations since publishing the last model. It is demonstrated in this paper that geomechanical study is critical to maintaining wellbore integrity during different stages of the well operations even for non-hydrocarbon-bearing drilling design and executions.

INTRODUCTION OF THE TEST RIGS AND THE TEST FACILITY
At the time the paper was written, a total of 66+ wells have been drilled from four different surface hole locations on the premise of the drilling test facility since October 2014. The testing facility is located in Navasota in Grimes County, Texas. The testing facility is permanently equipped with an automated Ideal Prime 1 drilling rig (1500 hp) and a 5C mobile completion rig (200 kips or 100 US tons static hook load capacity).
The Prime 1 rig consists of an automated Iron Roughneck (ST-100) and 3 permanently installed Robots for pipe handling automation. The first floor Robot (RTX-L1, RTX = Robotic Transfer of Material) handles pipe tailing between the well center and the setback area as well as picking up a single joint from the Pipecat. The second floor Robot (RTX-L2) handles ancillary work which includes two different handling tools. The first tool is to operate the mud bucket to contain drilling fluid coming to the rig floor during pulling out of the hole after the pipe connection is broken down. The second combination tool includes two alternate tools, i.e., a doper tool to apply the thread compound to the pipe connection threads and a stabbing guide to align two joints (or stands) of drill pipe before making up the threads. A single rig crew member can operate the above automated equipment from the driller's cabin using multiple HMIs (human-machine interface).
Experimental Study of Anisotropic Strength Properties of Shale
Authors: Zheng Danzhu , Ozbayoglu Evren , Miska Stefan , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Led by new developments of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques, organic rich shales have been contributing significantly to a gas production in the US. In drilling processes, shales have been known to be the source of wellbore instability problems. In the past practice, shales were treated as isotropic for mud window calculation and trajectory design. However, organic rich shales are anisotropic due to their laminated structure and chemical properties. Thus, it is of vital importance to investigate the anisotropic strength of shale both theoretically and experimentally.
The goal of this study is to evaluate anisotropic mechanical properties of shale by tri-axial tests and predict shale anisotropic properties by well logging data interpretation. Shale mechanical properties (Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio) of different bedding plane orientations (0/ 45 / 90 degrees) were studied. Both compressive strength and tensile strength were investigated for different orientations. Simple Plane of Weakness and Modified Cam Clay failure criteria were applied to describe shear failure mechanism.
Well logging data were used to connect experimental data and real field data. Compressional wave velocity was predicted with different inclination angle by stiffness parameters. The predicted compressional wave velocity for a 45-degree inclination angle showed a perfect fit with the field logging data. Mud window for a special shale formation was predicted by experimental data.
This study provides an understanding for shale anisotropic strength of different bedding orientations, as well as an instruction of safety mud window calculation for directional drilling through shale formations.

INTRODUCTION
Traditionally, shales have been known to be the source of wellbore instability problems during drilling. The borehole may experience hole-enlargement, hole-reduction, lost circulation, poor hole cleaning, and well-control problems. The cause of shale instability is two-fold: physical (stress change vs. shale strength environment) and chemical (shale/fluid interaction— capillary pressure, osmotic pressure, borehole-fluid invasion into shale). Both physical and chemical process will induce changes in shale geo-mechanical properties, such as compressional strength. Solving wellbore instability problems relies on accurate evaluation of geo-mechanical properties of a shale formation.
Determination of Critical Fracturing Spacing Affecting the Simultaneous Growth of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures from a Horizontal Wellbore
Authors: Cheng Shaoyi , Wu Bisheng , Han Yanhui , Zhang Xi , Chen Zhaowei , Tan Peng , Yang Liu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and horizontal well have become the most important technologies in extracting oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs. However, the stress shadow effect often hinders the simultaneous growth of multiple fractures when design parameters such as fracture spacing and injection parameters are not set properly. Therefore, one of the key issues in a fracturing treatment is the determination of the fracture spacing within a fracturing stage under different combinations of geomechanical and injection parameters. This paper presents a numerical study by using the in-house code, DeepFrac, a fully coupled hydraulic fracturing simulator based on the dual boundary element method and finite volume method. The evolution of the optimal fracture spacing with the geomechanical and injection parameters is investigated. The results demonstrate the dependence of the optimal fracture spacing on the energy dissipation and in-situ stress contrast. A dimensional analysis is carried out, and two dimensionless groups are determined including the dimensionless toughness and dimensionless in-situ stress difference. A critical fracturing spacing is proposed based on the dimensionless groups, which can capture the combined role of different parameters in the fracture growth. The effectiveness of the proposed critical fracturing spacing determination criterion is verified by a few additional numerical experiments.

INTRODUCTION
The growth of multiple parallel hydraulic fractures (HFs) subjected to a single fluid source is commonly seen in various geological scenarios, such as dike swarms driven by magma supplied by mantle plume and artificial fractures created by fluid injection in the extraction of hydrocarbons. In order to promote the productivity of gas and oil, the hydraulic fracturing treatment is often designed in such a way that simultaneous growth of multiple fractures in each stage can be achieved (Nie et al. 2022). Although such multistage technique has effectively enabled cost savings, field practices have shown that a large portion of perforation clusters failed to initiate or contribute to production according to production logs in Miller et al. (2011). The reasons behind such phenomenon include nonuniformity of rock properties, in-situ stress, stress shadow effect, etc. The stress shadow effect refers to the suppression of some fractures exerted by the neighboring HFs (Peirce and Bunger 2015), which can lead to preferential growth of some HFs and eventually results in a nonuniform fracture pattern.
Experimental Study on Tensile Damage Localization Evolution of Shale After CO2-Brine Treatment
Authors: Buge Du , Guangqing Zhang , Xuliang Jia , Dawei Zhou 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
CO2-brine corrodes the shale structure and damages mechanical properties in the Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), potentially leading to the instability of reservoirs. In this study, Brazilian tests are conducted to analyze the tensile strain localization of brine and CO2-brine treated (30MPa, 110°C, 30 days) shale specimens by DIC (Digital Image Correlation), and tensile failure processes are compared. Moreover, the relationship between the tensile strain localization and the microscopic damage has been established. Results show that: (1) The initiation stress of strain localization decreases, and the heterogeneity of the strain field increases at peak stress for homogenous specimens. The initiation stress of strain localization for specimens loaded vertically to bedding planes is reduced, specimens loaded horizontally to bedding planes have two initiation points. (2) The role of the bedding on tensile strain localization is enhanced. The tensile strain is localized more significantly on the bedding after initiation, resulting in the fracture initiation along bedding planes; multiple parallel fractures are generated for specimens loaded horizontally to bedding planes. (3) The microscopic damage of laminated and homogenous shale is different in origin. Oriented micro-fractures are induced at the bedding of laminated shale, while slight-apertured, short, and disorderly distributed micro-fractures are developed in the homogenous shale. It is fundamental reason that the variation of tensile strain localization of CO2-brine treated laminated shale is more significant than that of CO2-brine treated homogenous shale.

INTRODUCTION
In the Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) engineering of shale reservoirs, CO2 and fluid produce complex physicochemical interactions on reservoir rock minerals (Zhou & Zhang, 2016), new pore and fracture structures are formed on the micro-scale of rocks, and macro-mechanical properties (elastic modules, strength, fracture toughness, etc.) are degraded (Lyu et al., 2020; Bhuiyan et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020). Due to continuous fluid migration in the rock seepage channel in the process of CCS, the pore pressure field and effective stress field have a long-term heterogeneous evolution. Such development may lead to the expansion of the original rock fractures and the initiation of new fractures. The long-term accumulation of damage may lead to the formation of macro fractures, resulting in formation instability and CO2 escape, and impacts CCS engineering safety (Han et al., 2020).
Introducing a Data Collection Framework for Recording Rock TBM Field Performance Data
Authors: Khetwal A. , Rostami J. , Nelson P. P. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) have perhaps become the dominant technique of tunneling worldwide. One of the essential steps to justify using TBMs, planning the completion time, and estimating the cost is evaluating machine performance in given ground conditions. The primary performance indicator for TBMs is the average daily advance rate (AR) which is a product of the rate of penetration (ROP), utilization (U). Accurate estimation of TBM utilization depends on the data set used in the prediction models, including various activities and downtimes that are often not categorized uniformly. The reported activities are inconsistent between projects, leading to heterogeneous datasets typically challenging to analyze. This heterogeneity indicates the need for developing a uniform and coherent data collection protocol. The present study identifies and offers a data collection framework for the compilation of the required information for rock TBM downtime and utilization analysis. A detailed field performance data from seven projects were studied, and a framework for more consistent data recording is proposed. A visual basic for application (VBA) based data collection framework is developed that incorporates the field report into a unified database thereby improving the accuracy of estimated TBM utilization and updating the project schedule during the construction phase.

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
The growing need for tunnels in the present world demands a proficient method for construction. The construction techniques require resourceful management of the various site logistics involving tunnel boring machine (TBM) systems that are the TBM itself and the backup area behind it. The backup system includes mucking, transportation, utility extension (water pipes, electric cables, ventilation ducts), and surveying guidance systems. Management of these TBM logistical items determines the machine's overall performance and ultimately affects the project completion time. However, TBM backup systems’ setup differs, considering the TBM design, project requirements, and contractor's experience. For example, the muck conveyance system may either be via train with muck cars or conveyor belts. Hence, it is necessary to incorporate these differences in developing a methodology to estimate the performance of the whole TBM system. Any variation in the time allocated to perform an activity is essential for performance prediction and decision-making. Therefore, a flexible database management system is paramount, considering long-term applicability and reference for future projects.
Creation of a Data-Calibrated Discrete Fracture Network of the Utah FORGE Site
Authors: Cao Meng , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Three single-cluster hydraulic fracture stages were pumped at the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site in Milford, Utah. Our goal was to develop a robust model to accurately represent the formation of fracture networks in this naturally fractured geothermal reservoir. To begin this process, we used geological and geophysical data and data from one-dimensional Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) to build a discrete fracture network model for the natural fractures. The natural fracture network (DFN) was built stochastically with areal density, length, and orientation distribution of natural fractures. We then took one-dimensional synthetic cores to ensure that the number and density of fractures per unit length of the core matched with the actual measurements (for each fracture set) until the best statistical description of natural fractures was found. The length distribution of natural fractures was simulated using a power law distribution.

INTRODUCTION
Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) is a dedicated laboratory for developing, testing, and accelerating breakthroughs in EGS technologies to advance the use of geothermal resources (Department of Energy, 2022). Natural fractures have been indicated by outcrop data and Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) log data. Most of the data can be found directly or indirectly in the Geothermal Data Repository (GDR), which includes data from Utah FORGE, as well as all data collected from other researchers funded by the Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) (Department of Energy, 2022). Fig. 1 shows the locations of the vertical pilot well (58-32), the highly deviated injection well (16A(78)-32), and another deep vertical well (56-32). In this paper, based on the data provided by these wells, a discrete fracture network (DFN) was developed to characterize the natural fracture network. Fractures are explicitly expressed in the form of planes of weakness. A DFN realization (Fig. 2) is built with a specified distribution of fracture orientation, length, and density (Cao et al., 2023). A model that can simulate fracture propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs can be found in Cao and Sharma (2023, 2022a, 2022b).
Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Swelling Behavior of Gyeongju Bentonite Under Hydration Process
Authors: Diaz M. B. , Lee G. W. , Yun S. , Kim K. Y. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Gyengju bentonite has been suggested as a candidate material for buffer and backfill in high-level radioactive waste repository facilities in South Korea. Under the influence of environmental conditions such as thermal, hydrological, and mechanical processes, it is essential to investigate the behavior of these materials. In this study we assessed the swelling behavior of KJ-II Gyeongju bentonite under hydration using X-ray CT technology. A cylindrical sample of 27.5 mm in diameter and 34 mm in height using was utilized in a tailor-made hydration cell, and water was injected at a constant pressure of 0.206 MPa for seven days. Multiple CT scans were carried out before and every 24 hours after hydration onset. A small defragmentation was observed at the top of the sample after assembly, which disappeared gradually after hydration began. The CT profiles provided a detailed view of the swelling process, which was initially detected as an increase in CT values at the middle and upper parts of the sample, while the lower region experienced a decrease near the inlet point. The initial increase and decrease in the respective upper and lower regions diminished over time, and the final values approached the original state. The mean CT value of the sample increased by 4.3% after day 1 and decreased progressively to 0.6% on day 7. Furthermore, the CT distribution curves demonstrated the heterogeneity of the particle density captured through the full width at half maximum and revealed that the hydration process initially increased the heterogeneity, which later decreased as the bentonite underwent swelling. Finally, vertical sections taken near the inlet were used to calculate the differences between each hydration day and the dry state. The mean values on these changes in the diametrical direction showed that the hydration process occurred without significant variations between the region near the inlet and adjacent regions, indicating uniform hydration. This evaluation demonstrated the benefits of this non-destructive technology and its ability to provide detailed information about bentonite materials undergoing hydration.