bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low nitrogen fertilization enriches nitrogen‐fixing bacteria in the Brassica seed microbiome of subsequent generations
Authors: Wassermann Birgit , Cernava Tomislav , Goertz Simon , Zur Jennifer , Rietz Steffen , Kögl Isabella , Abbadi Amine , Berg Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe consequences of overfertilization on agricultural and native ecosystems are well‐documented, but the impact of reduced fertilization on plant–microbe interactions is less understood. Here, we analysed the impact of different nitrogen (N) fertilization regimes over two subsequent growing seasons on the seed microbiome of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).Materials and MethodsSeed microbial diversity, composition, and abundance were analysed by a combined approach of amplicon sequencing, quantitative real‐time PCR, and microscopy. A germination assay was conducted to quantify bacteria and nifH genes in roots.ResultsTwo consecutive years of either low or high N fertilization resulted in a significant shift in seed microbiota; nine discriminating bacterial orders and 32 bacterial features were identified. Among them, potentially N‐fixing bacteria (Rhizobiales and Rhizobium) were identified as biomarkers for low N fertilization. Moreover, quantitative measurements revealed that 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and bacterial nifH gene counts were significantly higher under lower N availability. Relative to total 16S rRNA genes, seeds and roots contained 0.002% and 0.3% nifH genes on average, respectively. The alternation of N levels between the first and the second growing season (high to low, or low to high) had, however, no impact on seed microbiota, suggesting that a low N availability for at least two generations is required to enrich N‐fixing taxa in seeds.ConclusionOur study revealed a flexible, environmentally influenced seed microbiome assembly and suggests innovative microbiome management via biological nitrogen fixation to optimize fertilization regimes in future agriculture.
Investigation on the Drug Loading Efficacy of Protoporphyrin Functionalized Silica Precursors (Tetraethyl orthosilicate: TEOS and Biomass silica) for Enhanced Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: Soundharraj Prabha , Dhinasekaran Durgalakshmi , Rakkesh Rajendran Ajay , Prakasarao Aruna , Ganesan Singaravelu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we have prepared silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) from biomass (rice husk) and organic precursor (TEOS) by sol‐gel precipitation method and compared their efficacy for theranostics applications. In the preparation of SiNPs, we have studied the effects of different parameters such as solvent, catalyst, temperature, water and precursor on the shape and size of SiNPs. It shows that the size of SiNPs was increased with an increase in the concentration of ethanol and acid catalyst; the particle size was decreased with an increase in reaction temperature and precursor. To develop the drug for photodynamic therapy against the target tumor cells, protoporphyrin (PpIX), an efficient photosensitizer is functionalized on the surface of SiNPs. The drug loading potential was studied by the conjugation of 5‐Fluorouracil on the surface of functionalized SiNPs. From the results, we suggest that the functionalized SiNPs will be used for combined therapeutic and diagnostic in biomedical applications.
A Coumarin‐Derived New Chemosensor for Colorimetric and Turn‐Off Fluorescent Sensing of Cu2+, F− and CN− Ions: Studies on Its Antioxidant Property
Authors: Roy Debashis , Chakraborty Arijit , Ghosh Rina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA simple coumarin derived novel chemosensor, (E)‐4‐[(2‐hydroxyphenyl)amino]‐3‐[2‐(4‐nitrophenylhydrazonomethyl)]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (HNHC), has been designed and synthesized which displays colorimetric as well as “turn‐off” fluorescence repercussion for Cu2+ in the nano molar level. This procedure approves the selectivity as well as sensitivity of a chemosensor HNHC within an expansive linear range of (4.6–2094)×10−8 M at λmax of 449 nm; with detection limit (LOD) 9.13×10−8 M for Cu2+, 1.17×10−7 M for F− and 5.64×10−7 M for CN−. Moreover, HNHC may be pursued as a potential antioxidant for its excellent free radical scavenging capability.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: Their Onset, Epidemiology, Causes and Treatment
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Javed Hira , Khan Imtiaz , Jaber Fadi , Sohail Ali , Zaib Zainab , Mehboob Tooba , Tabassam Naila , Ogaly Hanan A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases with several neuropathological symptoms. Degenerative nerve diseases can be serious or life‐threatening. Because of the rise in the older population in recent years, these age‐dependent diseases are becoming more and more common. The WHO reports that within a few years, neurodegenerative diseases will overtake cancer to become the second leading cause of fatalities with cardiovascular diseases being the first. All neurodegenerative diseases have a common ground in that they are all associated with some sort of gene mutation leading to subsequent protein dysfunction. This review focuses on 6 neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, and prions disease. The study aims to provide a basic understanding of the onset, epidemiology, causes, and role of associated proteins of the neurodegenerative diseases and will also go over any treatments which are currently being employed for the specific diseases. This presented data will allow to establish a slight comparison between the mentioned diseases and highlight any similarities and dissimilarities they may possess, thus providing the scientific community with basic knowledge on these diseases to help future research.
Defect‐Mediated Synergistic Effect of POM/UiO‐66(Zr) Host–Guest Catalysts for Robust Deep Desulfurization at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Ye Gan , Zheng Meng , Zhang Qiuli , Zhou Jun , Wu Lei , Wang Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStable platforms of host–guest catalysts are indispensable in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, however, clarifying the specific effect of host remains challenging. Herein, polyoxometalate (POM) is encapsulated in three types of UiO‐66(Zr) with different controlled densities of defects by the aperture opening and closing strategy at ambient‐temperature. It is found that catalytic activity of POM for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) at room temperature is turned on when encapsulated in the defective UiO‐66(Zr), and the sulfur oxidation efficiency shows an obvious increasing trend (from 0.34 to 10.43 mmol g−1 h−1) with the increased concentration of defects in UiO‐66(Zr) host. The as‐prepared catalyst with the most defective host displays ultrahigh performance which removed 1000 ppm sulfur with exceptionally diluted oxidant at room‐temperature within 25 min. The turnover frequency can reach 620.0 h−1 at 30 °C, which surpassed all the reported MOFs based ODS catalysts. A substantial guest/host synergistic effect mediated by the defective sites in UiO‐66(Zr) is responsible for the enhancement. Density functional theory calculations reveal that OH/OH2 capped on the open Zr sites of host UiO‐66(Zr) can decompose H2O2 to OOH group and enables the formation of WVI‐peroxo intermediates that determine the ODS activity.
Chelate‐Capped Nano‐AgZn3 Dual Interphase Remodeling the Local Environment for Reversible Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anode
Authors: Luo Yuqing , Hu Jiugang , Cai Shan , Ding Kuixing , Hu Xiaochun , Fu Yanan , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are among the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy‐storage devices. However, the large voltage polarisation and infamous dendrite growth hinder the practical application of AZIBs owing to their complex interfacial electrochemical environment. In this study, a hydrophobic zinc chelate‐capped nano‐silver (HZC‐Ag) dual interphase is fabricated on the zinc anode surface using an emulsion‐replacement strategy. The multifunctional HZC‐Ag layer remodels the local electrochemical environment by facilitating the pre‐enrichment and de‐solvation of zinc ions and inducing homogeneous zinc nucleation, thus resulting in reversible dendrite‐free zinc anodes. The zinc deposition mechanism on the HZC‐Ag interphase is elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, dual‐field simulations, and in situ synchrotron X‐ray radiation imaging. The HZC‐Ag@Zn anode exhibited superior dendrite‐free zinc stripping/plating performance and an excellent lifespan of >2000 h with ultra‐low polarisation of ≈17 mV at 0.5 mA cm−2. Full cells coupled with a MnO2 cathode showed significant self‐discharge inhibition, excellent rate performance, and improved cycling stability for >1000 cycles. Therefore, this multifunctional dual interphase may contribute to the design and development of dendrite‐free anodes for high‐performance aqueous metal‐based batteries.
Towards effective feature selection in estimating software effort using machine learning
Authors: Jadhav Akshay , Kumar Shandilya Shishir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoftware effort estimation is a vital process in the software industry for successfully administering 5Ds of the software development life cycle (SDLC). The 5Ds stand for demand, development, direction, deployment, and designated cost of the software. Software development effort estimation (SDEE) is an effort prediction mechanism to calculate the effort for the development of the software product in order to minimize the challenges in the software field. Academics and practitioners are striving to identify which machine learning estimation technique yields more accurate results based on evaluation metrics, datasets, and other pertinent aspects. The feature selection techniques impact accuracy by selecting the main and relevant features in the dataset and eliminating the redundant and irrelevant features in the dataset. To achieve accurate estimations, the paper utilizes feature selection algorithms, along with various machine learning techniques, which predict the desired effort and the performance of the model has been measured in terms of prediction accuracy,
value, relative error, and mean absolute error. The datasets China and Maxwell are trained with the relevant features by applying feature selection algorithms, and estimation techniques are applied to predict the effort. The performance is compared with the regression models and feature selection techniques utilized by many authors previously. The result of the proposed methodology significantly gives the best performance with the combination of feature selection and estimation models than all regression models when applied alone, to both datasets. From the results, it is perceptible that random forest is performing well with the feature selection techniques and obtains the highest prediction accuracy of 99.33% with the China and 89.47% with the Maxwell datasets.
Molecular and morphological delimitation of species in Strombomonas (Euglenaceae) including a protocol for DNA isolation utilising a chelating resin
Authors: Fells Alicja , Jiang Xiaodie , Jankowska Katarzyna , Łukomska‐Kowalczyk Maja , Milanowski Rafał , Wang Quanxi , Zakryś Bożena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough Strombomonas verrucosa has been the type of the genus name for almost 100 years, its lack of clear diagnostic traits has rendered morphological distinction from its congeners almost impossible. As such, a study was conducted combining previously unused morphological data (chloroplast characters) with molecular data (sequences of nuclear SSU, LSU and plastid‐encoded SSU rDNA) and extensive literature review. The study focused on environmental samples obtained from Poland and China and resulted in 51 new sequences representing three molecular markers (17 nSSU, 16 nLSU and 18 cpSSU rDNA). Revised delimitations of the genus Strombomonas and its type S. verrucosa are presented that include new and detailed diagnostic characters. In addition to the type, we recognize nine species: S. acuminata, S. borystheniensis, S. eurystoma, S. fluviatilis, S. gibberosa, S. maxima, S. ovalis, S. schauinslandii, S. triquetra. Three of these are incorporated into a phylogeny for the first time (S. fluviatilis, S. gibberosa, S. schauinslandii). To improve the efficiency of DNA isolation from loricate cells, a protocol utilising a chelating resin for DNA isolation – following the lead of diatomologists – has been adjusted for Euglenaceae and is also presented.
Recent Advances On Direct Formylation Reactions
Authors: Kherudkar Aditya , Bhattacharjee Angana , Nawkhare Akash , Mukherjee Soumi , Pramanick Sukhendu , Laha Joydev K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAldehydes serve as the key functional group in organic synthesis and are valuable intermediates. The various advanced methods of direct formylation reactions have been reviewed in this article. Overcoming the drawbacks of the traditional methods of formylation, newer methods involving homo and heterogenous catalysts, one pot reactions, solvent free techniques are elaborated, which can be performed under mild conditions and using inexpensive resources.
Progress and treatment of “long COVID” in non‐hospitalized patients: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ono Rie , Arita Ryutaro , Takayama Shin , Kanno Takeshi , Kikuchi Akiko , Suzuki Satoko , Ohsawa Minoru , Saito Natsumi , Abe Michiaki , Onodera Koh , Akaishi Tetsuya , Tadano Yasunori , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground“Long COVID” or “post‐COVID conditions” describes prolonged symptoms after the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, there is a paucity of published reports on its treatment.MethodThis retrospective cohort study included adult, non‐hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 symptoms at least one month after the onset who had been examined at the isolation facility in Miyagi prefecture between October 2020 and September 2021.ResultsIn total, 70 patients with a median age of 46 (21–69) years were included, and 37 were women (52.9%). The median time from onset to the end of treatment was 46 (28–396) days. Thirty‐eight patients (53.5%) showed improvement in all symptoms, while four (5.7%) did not recover within the study period. The symptoms at six months with high residual rates were dizziness (33.3%), fatigue (14.3%), myalgia (14.3%), abdominal discomfort (14.3%), and taste dysfunction (11.8%). For treatment of prolonged symptoms, formulae of Kampo medicine (Japanese traditional medicine) were used alone or in combination with Western medications in 76%, 66%, 53%, and 66% of patients at 1–2 months, 2–3 months, 3–6 months, and over 6 months respectively. Kampo formulae with anti‐inflammatory effects were used in the early period; however, tonifying formulae and blood stasis‐resolving formulae were used in the late period.ConclusionNon‐hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 may suffer from persistent symptoms after the acute phase of infection. For the management of long COVID, a comprehensive and holistic approach is needed. Kampo medicine should be considered as a treatment option for long COVID.
Bootstrapping closed string field theory
Authors: Fırat Atakan Hilmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The determination of the string vertices of closed string field theory is shown to be a conformal field theory problem solvable by combining insights from Liouville theory, hyperbolic geometry, and conformal bootstrap. We first demonstrate how Strebel differentials arise from hyperbolic string vertices by performing a WKB approximation to the associated Fuchsian equation, which we subsequently use it to derive a Polyakov-like conjecture for Strebel differentials. This result implies that the string vertices are generated by the interactions of n zero momentum tachyons, or equivalently, a certain limit of suitably regularized on-shell Liouville action. We argue that the latter can be related to the interaction of three zero momentum tachyons on a generalized cubic vertex through classical conformal blocks. We test this claim for the quartic vertex and discuss its generalization to higher-string interactions.
The Zeta Function of a Recurrence Sequence of Arbitrary Degree
Authors: Serrano Holgado Álvaro , Navas Vicente Luis Manuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a Dirichlet series$$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } a_{n}^{-s}$$∑n=1∞an-swhere$$a_{n}$$ansatisfies a linear recurrence of arbitrary degree with integer coefficients. Under suitable hypotheses, we prove that it has a meromorphic continuation to the complex plane, giving explicit formulas for its pole set and residues, as well as for its finite values at negative integers, which are shown to be rational numbers. To illustrate the results, we focus on some concrete examples which have also been studied previously by other authors.
Generation of nanobodies acting as silent and positive allosteric modulators of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Li Qimeng , Nemecz Ákos , Aymé Gabriel , Dejean de la Bâtie Gabrielle , Prevost Marie S. , Pons Stéphanie , Barilone Nathalie , Baachaoui Rayen , Maskos Uwe , Lafaye Pierre , Corringer Pierre-Jean 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a potential drug target for treating cognitive disorders, mediates communication between neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Although many competitive antagonists, agonists, and partial-agonists have been found and synthesized, they have not led to effective therapeutic treatments. In this context, small molecules acting as positive allosteric modulators binding outside the orthosteric, acetylcholine, site have attracted considerable interest. Two single-domain antibody fragments, C4 and E3, against the extracellular domain of the human α7-nAChR were generated through alpaca immunization with cells expressing a human α7-nAChR/mouse 5-HT3A chimera, and are herein described. They bind to the α7-nAChR but not to the other major nAChR subtypes, α4β2 and α3β4. E3 acts as a slowly associating positive allosteric modulator, strongly potentiating the acetylcholine-elicited currents, while not precluding the desensitization of the receptor. An E3–E3 bivalent construct shows similar potentiating properties but displays very slow dissociation kinetics conferring quasi-irreversible properties. Whereas, C4 does not alter the receptor function, but fully inhibits the E3-evoked potentiation, showing it is a silent allosteric modulator competing with E3 binding. Both nanobodies do not compete with α-bungarotoxin, localizing at an allosteric extracellular binding site away from the orthosteric site. The functional differences of each nanobody, as well as the alteration of functional properties through nanobody modifications indicate the importance of this extracellular site. The nanobodies will be useful for pharmacological and structural investigations; moreover, they, along with the extracellular site, have a direct potential for clinical applications.
New Conditions on Maximal Invariant Subgroups That Imply Solubility
Authors: Beltrán Antonio , Shao Changguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet G be a finite group and assume that a finite group of automorphisms A acts on G, such that the orders of A and G are relatively prime. We prove that the fact of imposing certain conditions on the set of maximal A-invariant subgroups of G, relating to nilpotency, p-nilpotency, normality or having p’-order, determines properties on the structure of G such as solubility, p-solubility or p-nilpotency.
Nesting biology and social organisation of a silk wasp (Microstigmus rosae) from the North–West Ecuadorian Choco
Authors: Bonifacii R. L. , Field J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicrostigmus Ducke (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae, Pemphredoninae) is an intriguing genus of wasp, particularly interesting for the study of social evolution as it contains the only species of apoid wasps known to exhibit eusocial behaviours. Thus far, data concerning the genetics and biology of sociality in Microstigmus are restricted to just two species. Through behavioural observations and genetic analyses, we here present a detailed report on the nesting biology and social organisation of a third species, Microstigmus rosae. Our results indicate that M. rosae nests are founded by a single female and social groups appear when emerging female offspring remain on the natal nests as helpers. Adult females mass provision their offspring and developmental data are consistent with sequential brood production, an average egg laying interval of 10 days and a brood developmental period of more than 35 days. Social group formation is atypical, with 20% of nests containing up to a maximum of four adult females and two males. Adult group size is positively correlated with the number of brood in a nest, but negatively correlated with per capita brood. The sex investment ratio was female biased. Our findings support several theories concerning the behavioural characteristics thought to be important for transitions towards sociality, namely: high genetic relatedness generated by monogamous matrifilial associations, hygienic behaviour and the potential for direct reproduction. In contrast, one hypothesised trait, progressive provisioning, is notably absent, highlighting the need for investigations into the significance of post-provisioning parental care for offspring survival in this genus.
Zero-Knowledge Arguments for Lattice-Based Accumulators: Logarithmic-Size Ring Signatures and Group Signatures Without Trapdoors
Authors: Libert Benoît , Ling San , Nguyen Khoa , Wang Huaxiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn accumulator is a function that hashes a set of inputs into a short, constant-size string while preserving the ability to efficiently prove the inclusion of a specific input element in the hashed set. It has proved useful in the design of numerous privacy-enhancing protocols, in order to handle revocation or simply prove set membership. In the lattice setting, currently known instantiations of the primitive are based on Merkle trees, which do not interact well with zero-knowledge proofs. In order to efficiently prove the membership of some element in a zero-knowledge manner, the prover has to demonstrate knowledge of a hash chain without revealing it, which is not known to be efficiently possible under well-studied hardness assumptions. In this paper, we provide an efficient method of proving such statements using involved extensions of Stern’s protocol. Under the Small Integer Solution assumption, we provide zero-knowledge arguments showing possession of a hash chain. As an application, we describe new lattice-based group and ring signatures in the random oracle model. In particular, we obtain: (i) the first lattice-based ring signatures with logarithmic size in the cardinality of the ring and (ii) the first lattice-based group signature that does not require any GPV trapdoor and thus allows for a much more efficient choice of parameters.