bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Kim Donghee , Manikat Richie , Shaikh Anjiya , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDepression has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Data addressing the impact of depression on NAFLD‐related mortality are evolving. We aim to study the association of depression in NAFLD and all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality in the United States.MethodsA total of 11,877 individuals with NAFLD in the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with the availability of linked mortality through 2019 were analysed. NAFLD was defined by utilizing the hepatic steatosis index in the absence of known causes of chronic liver disease. Depression and functional impairment due to depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up of 7.6 years, individuals with depression among individuals with NAFLD had a 35% higher all‐cause mortality than those without depression (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.75) after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and clinical risk factors. NAFLD with functional impairment due to depression had a 62% higher all‐cause mortality than NAFLD without functional impairment (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10–2.39). Depression in NAFLD was associated with an approximately 50% increase in the risk for cardiovascular mortality, with a 2‐fold higher cardiovascular mortality in those with functional impairment compared to those without (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.30–3.30). However, there was no significant difference in cancer‐ and accident‐related mortalities in NAFLD with or without depression.ConclusionsDepression among individuals with NAFLD was associated with a higher risk for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the United States.
Climate regulation costs and firms’ distress risk
Authors: Lambertides Neophytos , Tsouknidis Dimitris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2013, the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (EU‐ETS) entered Phase III. The majority of emission permits in Phase III are auctioned instead of being allocated for free as in Phases I and II. Using a difference‐in‐differences method, we show that this change has led to an increase in the financial distress risk of the EU‐ETS‐regulated firms when compared to unregulated firms, suggesting that the EU‐ETS imposes a significant financial burden on regulated firms. This result is robust to an array of validation tests, alleviating concerns that it is driven by unobserved factors. In additional analyses we show that the increase in distress risk of regulated firms during Phase III can be explained by, (i) an additional climate regulation cost to purchase pollution permits and (ii) a low average environmental score that possibly (via high sustainability risk) lowers investors expectations regarding firms’ performance. Our findings also show that the distress risk increase is higher for regulated firms operating within countries with lower control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and voice accountability before the EU‐ETS implementation.
Finishing the “unfinished revolution”?: College‐educated mothers' resistance to intensive mothering
Authors: Lui Lake , Cheung Adam Ka‐lok 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntensive mothering, a classed and gendered practice optimally performed by stay‐at‐home mothers, is a dominant parenting ideology, particularly in developed societies with wide disparities in wealth. Ironically, in these societies, women tend to be well educated and have good employment prospects that are expected to free them from domestic obligations. Facing competing expectations shaped by the institutions of work and the family, how do college‐educated mothers consider ending or limiting their participation in the workforce or holding jobs while resolving the moral dilemma of being both a worker and a mother? We compared 33 college‐educated Hong Kong mothers engaged in different professions and constructed typologies that describe how intersecting ideologies of mothering and work shape work‐family arrangements. We paid special attention to mothers with strong commitment to their work, but with different ideologies about mothering. Some espouse the ideology of intensive mothering. Their belief in gender essentialism proved exhausting for them, both at work and at home. While away from home, these mothers supervised domestic helpers from their workplaces. Other women value their professions as emblematic of their identity as the perfect mother—an integrated form of mothering, thus feeling no guilt for delegating childcare responsibilities. We argue that given the entrenched gender inequality in workplaces and men's slow progress in doing their share of domestic work, the emergence of integrated mothering both rhetorically and in practice reflects women's striving to bring the “unfinished revolution” closer to the finish line.
Benefits and Cautions in Data Assimilation Strategies: An Example of Modeling Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Shapiro Allen M. , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssimilating recent observations improves model outcomes for real‐time assessments of groundwater processes. This is demonstrated in estimating time‐varying recharge to a shallow fractured‐rock aquifer in response to precipitation. Results from estimating the time‐varying water‐table altitude (h) and recharge, and their error covariances, are compared for forecasting, filtering, and fixed‐lag smoothing (FLS), which are implemented using the Kalman Filter as applied to a data‐driven, mechanistic model of recharge. Forecasting uses past observations to predict future states and is the current paradigm in most groundwater modeling investigations; filtering assimilates observations up to the current time to estimate current states; and FLS estimates states following a time lag over which additional observations are collected. Results for forecasting yield a large error covariance relative to the magnitude of the expected recharge. With assimilating recent observations of h, filtering and FLS produce estimates of recharge that better represent time‐varying observations of h and reduce uncertainty in comparison to forecasting. Although model outcomes from applying data assimilation through filtering or FLS reduce model uncertainty, they are not necessarily mass conservative, whereas forecasting outcomes are mass conservative. Mass conservative outcomes from forecasting are not necessarily more accurate, because process errors are inherent in any model. Improvements in estimating real‐time groundwater conditions that better represent observations need to be weighed for the model application against outcomes with inherent process deficiencies. Results from data assimilation strategies discussed in this investigation are anticipated to be relevant to other groundwater processes models where system states are sensitive to system inputs.
Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus infection in the general population of Iwate prefecture, Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Yuichi , Ito Asami , Eto Hisashi , Suzuki Akiko , Abe Tamami , Endo Kei , Kakisaka Keisuke , Oikawa Takayoshi , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Miyasaka Akio , Matsumoto Takayuki , Takahashi Masaharu , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimHepatitis E virus (HEV) causes subclinical or acute self‐limiting hepatitis. We surveyed the current seroprevalence and incidence of HEV infection among the general population in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, where the endemic infection is presumed to be low.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2016, we recruited individuals from Iwate Prefecture, Japan, who visited a general medical work‐up program. Serum anti‐HEV antibody and HEV RNA were measured twice, with an interval of 2 years. Anti‐HEV antibody was measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and HEV RNA with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultsStudy participants comprised 1284 Japanese (650 men and 634 women) with age ranging 20–89 years. A total of 90 participants were found to be positive for anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G on the first visit, with a prevalence of 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6%–8.4%). Seroprevalence was higher in men than in women (10.1% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001), and in those aged in their 50s–80s than in those aged in their 20s–40s (p = 0.006). Positive seroconversion indicating new HEV infection was found in seven of 1194 seronegative participants (0.59%; 95% CI 0.15%–1.0%), indicating the incidence of HEV infection to be 272 per 100 000 person‐years (95% CI 109–561).ConclusionsOur observations suggest that the incidence of HEV infection is high and that it is a leading cause of hepatitis virus infection in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
A codesigned integrated kidney and diabetes model of care improves patient activation among patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds
Authors: Zimbudzi Edward , Lo Clement , Ranasinha Sanjeeva , Usherwood Tim , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Fulcher Gregory , Gallagher Martin , Jan Stephen , Cass Alan , Walker Rowan , Russell Grant , Johnson Greg , Kerr Peter G. , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between patients' cultural and linguistic backgrounds and patient activation, especially in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the association between culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background and patient activation and evaluated the impact of a codesigned integrated kidney and diabetes model of care on patient activation by CALD status in people with diabetes and CKD.MethodsThis longitudinal study recruited adults with diabetes and CKD (Stage 3a or worse) who attended a new diabetes and kidney disease service at a tertiary hospital. All completed the patient activation measure at baseline and after 12 months and had demographic and clinical data collected. Patients from CALD backgrounds included individuals who spoke a language other than English at home, while those from non‐CALD backgrounds spoke English only as their primary language. Paired t‐tests compared baseline and 12‐month patient activation scores by CALD status.ResultsPatients from CALD backgrounds had lower activation scores (52.1 ± 17.6) compared to those from non‐CALD backgrounds (58.5 ± 14.6) at baseline. Within‐group comparisons showed that patient activation scores for patients from CALD backgrounds significantly improved by 7 points from baseline to 12 months follow‐up (52.1 ± 17.6–59.4 ± 14.7), and no significant change was observed for those from non‐CALD backgrounds (58.5 ± 14.6–58.8 ± 13.6).ConclusionsAmong patients with diabetes and CKD, those from CALD backgrounds report worse activation scores. Interventions that support people from CALD backgrounds with comorbid diabetes and CKD, such as the integrated kidney and diabetes model of care, may address racial and ethnic disparities that exist in patient activation and thus improve clinical outcomes.Patient or Public ContributionPatients, caregivers and national consumer advocacy organisations (Diabetes Australia and Kidney Health Australia) codesigned a new model of care in partnership with healthcare professionals and researchers. The development of the model of care was informed by focus groups of patients and healthcare professionals and semi‐structured interviews of caregivers and healthcare professionals. Patients and caregivers also provided a rigorous evaluation of the new model of care, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.
Youth carceral deinstitutionalisation and transinstitutionalisation in Ontario: Recent developments and questions
Authors: Mussell Linda , Evans Jessica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn early 2021, half of the youth detention centres in Ontario, Canada, were abruptly closed. We ask how this development can be understood in relation to broader explanations of youth detention closures in Canada, which cite the success of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) and the best interests of youth, and the broader international context. Using a process tracing methodology to analyse existing data, we demonstrate that these closures had less to do with the interests of youth, and were primarily a cost‐effective calculation. We demonstrate this by pointing to three key developments: (i) the transference of institutionalised carceral logics onto community service providers; (ii) an undermining of the principle of ‘relationship custody’; and (iii) a focus on high‐capacity and high‐security detention centres, over smaller, locally situated open detention centres.
Experiences of self‐reflection as identity reconstruction and adaptation to prison life
Authors: Khan Zarek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe role of identity construction has been a central theme in empirical analyses of desistance from crime. Despite the novelty of these studies, their findings are predominantly situated in the post‐imprisonment context. There has been limited attention on the drivers of identity change for prisoners who are incarcerated. Based on 16 interviews conducted in an open prison for men, this article demonstrates how experiences of self‐reflection shape identity reconstruction for prisoners nearing release and serve as important modes of adaptation to prison life. The article ends with a discussion on the key implications of the study's findings.
Photoaging's portrait: The road map towards its photoprotection
Authors: Flament Frederic , Saint‐Leger Didier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize key research published by the author's group, dealing with skin photoaging and its photoprotection.Materials and MethodsTwo methodologies (standard photographs and selfies imaging) resulting from referential skin ageing atlases were applied on 2487 subjects of different ancestries, ages and gender. These aimed at first to best assess and grade the variable severities of some facial signs (texture/wrinkles, pigmentary spots, sagging and vascular disorders) that occur progressively during the photoaging process. Second, such methodologies were used to record the benefits brought by a photoprotective regimen (671 women and men).ResultsIn all studied ancestries, each facial sign show an increase severity along decades, at its own pace, some showing a linear like progression, whereas some plateau at early ages. These changes differed according to skin innate colour (phototype) and with individual behaviours vis‐à‐vis sun exposures, more so among European women than North‐East Asian women. An effect of gender (less severe alterations) was observed on Chinese men, as compared to Chinese women. Pigmentary disorders were found hallmarks of photo‐aged North‐East Asian women. Globally, photoaging impact the apparent age of the different subjects.The counteracting effects of strong topical Photoprotective regimens were evidenced along a 6‐month seasonality in Chinese and French women or 1‐year period in Brazilian women with phototypes II to VI. Photoprotection led to a more even skin complexion among Indian subjects with pigment irregularities.ConclusionTwo factors clearly hamper a better assessment of the efficiency of photoprotection of the sun‐induced cutaneous ageing: short durations (months) of the studies with regard to the global fate of photoaging by decades and the number of studied subjects, limited to hundreds for practical reasons. The methodology based on the automatic analysis of facial signs through selfies images could theoretically bypass both factors, allowing thousands of subjects to be studied along years.
Status quo on identified transformation products of organic ultraviolet filters and their persistence
Authors: Jentzsch Franziska , Kümmerer Klaus , Olsson Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic micropollutants of concern—including organic UV filters (UVF)—are getting increasing attention. Personal care products such as sunscreens or cosmetic articles often contain large quantities of UVF. These substances enter the environment either directly (during outdoor activities) or indirectly (via sewages from households). Therefore, the removal or degradation of UVF by natural or technical treatment processes is important to understand. UVF are often incompletely removed and transformed to side products of incomplete mineralization by abiotic and biotic processes. An extensive overview on transformation products (TPs) is essential to systematically identify knowledge gaps and to derive research needs. While there are many reviews on the UVF themselves, the number of reviews which focus on their TPs is limited. Consequently, this review gives an overview on the latest findings regarding TPs of UVF. In this publication, known TPs of UVF, which were formed during abiotic and biotic processes, are reviewed. Target substances were defined and a literature database was reviewed for studies on TPs of the target substances. The first list of studies was shortened stepwise, thus generating a final list of studies which contained only the relevant studies. Since biodegradation is one of the most important pathways for removal of organic compounds from the environment, this review presents an overview on known TPs of organic UVF and their biodegradability, which determines their environmental fate. In this way, all identified TPs of UVF were listed and checked for information on their biodegradability. A total of 2731 records of studies were assessed. Forty‐two studies, which assessed 46 processes that lead to the formation of identified TPs, were included in this review. One hundred and seventyseven different TPs resulting from 11 different UVF were identified. Little to no data on the biodegradability was found for TPs. This indicates a severe lack of data on the biodegradability of TPs of organic UVF substances. Since most TPs lack information on biodegradability, further research should provide information on both—identity and biodegradability—of formed TPs to be able to assess their hazardousness for the environment.
TUTORING EFFICACY, HOUSEHOLD SUBSTITUTION, AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM AN AFTER‐SCHOOL TUTORING PROGRAM IN RURAL CHINA
Authors: Behrman Jere R. , Fan C. Simon , Guo Naijia , Wei Xiangdong , Zhang Hongliang , Zhang Junsen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfter‐school tutoring has risen globally despite limited evidence of effectiveness. We implement a randomized after‐school tutoring program in rural China where many children are left‐behind by parents in care of grandparents. Compared to tutees cared for by parents, those in care of grandparents reported much smaller home‐tutoring reductions but larger test‐score gains. We interpret our data analysis with a model with tutoring efficacy and substitution between private and public inputs both differing by family background: Increased public tutoring generates larger test‐score gains for children who experience greater tutoring efficacy and lesser substitution with household inputs, consistent with our estimates.
Dermatological manifestations associated with COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccination: results from the Lebanese COVID registry
Authors: Chrabieh Remie , Haddad Isabelle , Salameh Pascale , Kurban Mazen , Kechichian Elio , Habre Maya , Ayoub Nakhle , Torbey Gretta , El Sayed Fouad , Maamari Micheline , Tannous Zeina , Farra Anna ,   the Lebanese COVID Rash Consortium, El Khoury Jinane 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundA number of cutaneous manifestations and adverse cutaneous reactions have been associated with COVID‐19 infection and vaccine.ObjectivesA Lebanese national registry was established to characterize the dermatologic manifestations and adverse cutaneous reactions associated with COVID‐19 infection and vaccination in a sample of the Lebanese population.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was conducted via a web‐based clinical form distributed to physicians wishing to report their cases from May 2021 till May 2022.ResultsIn total, 142 patients were entered in the registry, of which 133 were adults and nine were pediatric patients. The main dermatological manifestations reported with COVID‐19 infection in the adult group were urticaria (32.9%), telogen effluvium (21.4%), morbilliform (10%), and papulosquamous (8.6%) eruptions. Urticaria was the most common adverse cutaneous reaction to the vaccine (33%). Interestingly, herpes zoster was triggered in 12 patients post vaccination in our series with this finding more frequently seen in patients above the age of 41 (P = 0.013). In the pediatric group, the most reported dermatological findings associated with COVID‐19 infection were malar erythema (25%) and telogen effluvium (25%). One 16‐year‐old patient developed lichen planus after one dose of a COVID‐19 vaccine. No deaths were reported in both age groups.ConclusionThis Lebanese registry adds more robust evidence that clinical manifestations of the COVID‐19 virus and vaccine are diverse. More studies are necessary to establish the pathophysiology of these dermatological findings in the context of COVID‐19 infection and vaccination.
Examining the assumption of measurement invariance in job performance ratings across time: The role of rater experience
Authors: Borba Diogo , Spence Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPerformance appraisals are widely used in organizations and most typically involve raters evaluating groups of subordinates along a set of items designed to represent job performance over a predetermined period (e.g., annually). A defining but often overlooked characteristic of performance appraisals is that they are cyclical. Since raters conduct appraisals over many cycles, it may be that measures of job performance are not equivalent across time. This is important because changes or differences in aggregated performance ratings can only be meaningfully interpreted if raters' definitions of job performance, interpretation of what the items mean, and their view of what constitutes the different levels of performance remain unchanged over time, unaffected by their experience with appraisals. Although critical to the interpretation of job performance scores, measurement invariance concerns are generally absent from the literature. The current research investigated the extent to which rater experience affected the conceptualization and measurement of performance using performance data from a major South American company which comprised information from raters and ratees through several appraisal cycles. In the between‐rater design, measurement invariance was analyzed using ratings of one performance appraisal cycle from 514 raters divided into groups according to their level of experience. The within‐rater design analyzed ratings from the same 80 raters in their first three appraisal cycles. In the between‐rater analysis, data supported measurement invariance across raters with different levels of experience. Results from the within‐rater analysis suggested that the job performance factor structure was not the same across cycles. Implications for research and practice are discussed.