bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid resuscitation and relation to respiratory support escalation in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension with sepsis
Authors: Fronrath Mary J. , Hencken Laura , Martz Carolyn R. , Kelly Bryan , Smith Zachary R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo compare guideline‐based fluid resuscitation and need for respiratory support escalation in septic patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to those without PH.DesignSingle‐center, retrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care academic medical center in Detroit, Michigan.PatientsAdult patients with or without PH hospitalized and diagnosed with sepsis from November 1, 2013 through December 31, 2019. Patients with sepsis were assigned to one of two groups based on a previous PH diagnosis or no PH diagnosis.InterventionNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was incidence of respiratory support escalation within 72 h from sepsis time zero. Respiratory support escalation included high‐flow nasal cannula, bilevel positive airway pressure, or intubation. One‐hundred and four patients were included with 52 patients in each study group. Patients with PH were more likely to require escalation of respiratory support compared to non‐PH patients (32.7% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.009). Fewer patients with PH received 30 mL/kg of crystalloid within 6 h of time zero compared with non‐PH patients (3.8% vs. 42.3%; p < 0.001). Vasopressor initiation was more common in patients with PH compared with the non‐PH group (40.4% vs. 19.2%; p = 0.018). PH diagnosis was the only independent predictor of respiratory support escalation.ConclusionsDuring initial sepsis management when compared with patients without PH, patients with PH had increased instances of respiratory support escalation within 72 h of sepsis time zero despite lower fluid resuscitation volumes.
Cyclization of 2,4‐dinitronaphth‐1‐yl amino acids and their analogues to naphthimindazol‐N‐oxides: Kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Omar Alaa Z. , Khattab Sherine N. , Ibrahim Mahmoud F. , El‐Sadany Samir K. , Hamed Ezzat A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA variety of novel naphthimindazol‐N‐oxides and naphththiazol‐N‐oxide have been prepared in a simple two‐step process. The first step involves the reaction of 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitronaphthalene with glycine, alanine, glycolic acid, thioglycolic acid, and their methyl esters affording substitution products, the subsequent treatment of which with base furnishes naphthimindazol‐N‐oxide and naphththiazol‐N‐oxide derivatives. Stepwise reaction mechanisms via carbanions, nitrogen anions, and spiro Meisenheimer intermediates are proposed. The action of 10% NaOH in dioxane on the substitution products was measured spectrophotochemically, and the kinetic studies suggested that the N‐naphthyl glycine and N‐naphthyl alanine follow a second‐order rate law while S‐naphthyl thioglycolic acid is accurately first‐order kinetics.
Single‐center review on safety of biodegradable airway stenting in pediatric population
Authors: Minen Federico , Durward Andrew , James Paul , Diamantopoulos Athanasios , Jogeesvaran Haran , Morgan Gareth J. , Nyman Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and airway stenosis are recognized etiologies of airway obstruction among children. Their management is often challenging, requiring multiple interventions and prolonged respiratory support with associated long‐term morbidity. Metallic or silicone stents have been used with mixed success and high complication rates. More recently biodegradable Ella stents (BES) provided an attractive interventional option.ObjectivesWe report our experience in the treatment of TBM and vascular airway compression using BES. We deliberately downsized them to minimize intraluminal granulation tissue formation.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study over an 8‐year period between November 2012 and December 2020 of pediatric patients with severe airway obstruction requiring airway stenting for extubation failure, malacic death spells, recurrent chest infections, or lung collapse.ResultsThirty‐three patients (5 tracheal and 28 bronchial diseases) required 55 BES during the study period. The smallest patient weighed 1.8 kg. Median age of patient at first stent implantation was 13.1 months (IQR 4.9–58.3). The majority of the bronchial stents were in the left main bronchus (93%), of which 57% for vascular compression. Repeat stents were used in 19 patients (57.7%), with a range of two to four times. We did not experience erosion, infection, or obstructive granuloma needing removal by forceps or lasering. Three stent grid occluded with secretions needing bronchoscopic lavage. Stent migration occurred in three patients.ConclusionsBES holds promise as a treatment option with low rate of adverse effects for a specific subset of pediatric patients with airway malacia or vascular compression. Further studies are warranted.
Proteomic landscape of primary and metastatic brain tumors for heterogeneity discovery
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zhou Chengbin , Zhang Lei , Xiong Yueting , Zheng Yongtao , Bian Liuguan , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeDespite recent advancements in our understanding of driver gene mutations and heterogeneity within brain tumors, whether primary or metastatic (also known as secondary), our comprehension of proteomic changes remains inadequate. The aim of this study is to provide an informative source for brain tumor researches, and distinguish primary brain tumors and secondary brain tumors from extracranial origins based on proteomic analysis.Experimental DesignWe assembled the most frequent brain tumors as follows: gliomas from WHO grade 2 to 4, with IDH1 mutations and wildtypes; brain metastases (BrMs) originating from lung cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), and colorectal cancer (CC). A total of 29 tissue samples were analyzed by label free quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomics.ResultsIn total, 8165 protein groups were quantified, of which 4383 proteins were filtered at 50% valid intensity values for downstream analysis. Proteomic analysis of BrMs reveals conserved features shared among multiple origins. While proteomic heterogeneities were found for discriminating different grades of gliomas, as well as IDH1 mutant and wildtype gliomas. In addition, notable distinctions were observed at the pathway level between BrMs and gliomas. Specifically, BrMs exhibited characteristic pathways focused on proliferation and immunomodulation after colonizing the brain, whereas gliomas primarily engaged in invasion processes.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe characterized an extensive proteomic landscape of BrMs and gliomas. These findings have promising implications for the development of targeted therapies for BrMs and gliomas.
Comparison of very high order (O3–18) flux and Crowley flux, and (O3–17) WENO flux schemes with a 2D nonlinear test problem
Authors: Straka Jerry M. , Kanak Katharine M. , Williams Paul D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional, nonlinear diffusion‐limited colliding plumes simulations were used to demonstrate the improved solution accuracy with very high order O9–18 flux schemes, including upwind‐biased and even‐centred constant grid flux and Crowley constant grid flux schemes, and odd order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) flux schemes, along with variations and hybrids of these. All schemes were coupled with comparably high order even‐centred Lagrangian interpolations and pressure gradient/divergence approximations, and O18 spatial filtering. Subgrid‐scale (SGS) turbulent flux calculations, with a constant eddy‐mixing coefficient, were made with O2 spatial approximations (O4–20 accurate SGS turbulent fluxes had little impact). Using a range of resolutions from Δx = Δz = 25–166.66… m for all schemes comparisons against an O17 flux, 25 m resolution reference solution showed solutions made with ≥O9 fluxes produced (often substantially) improved solutions, both visually and usually objectively, compared to solutions produced with lower order (<O9/10) fluxes, especially at intermediate resolutions (33.33–100 m). Expectedly, odd order solutions were increasingly damped as accuracy was decreased, especially from O9 to O3, especially for WENO solutions, while even order solutions were increasingly contaminated with dispersion and aliasing errors as accuracy was decreased, especially from O10 to O4. Odd order schemes also produced better solutions than even order schemes for <O9/10 fluxes, while the highest order (≥O13/14) schemes produced the best solutions, for any given resolution. Even order flux and Crowley flux (WENO) solutions were the least (most) computationally expensive, based on either floating‐point operations (FPO) or CPU times. Efficient WENO‐Sine and proposed hybrid Crowley‐WENO(‐Sine) schemes required fewer FPOs to produce more accurate solutions than traditional WENO schemes. We are encouraged by the often much improved visual and objective accuracy of very high order (≥O9) fluxes in simulations of a complex problem, and encourage further testing in numerical weather prediction models.
Pairwise‐Parallel Entangling Gates on Orthogonal Modes in a Trapped‐Ion Chain
Authors: Zhu Yingyue , Green Alaina M. , Nguyen Nhung H. , Huerta Alderete C. , Mossman Elijah , Linke Norbert M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParallel operations are important for both near‐term quantum computers and larger‐scale fault‐tolerant machines because they reduce execution time and qubit idling. This study proposes and implements a pairwise‐parallel gate scheme on a trapped‐ion quantum computer. The gates are driven simultaneously on different sets of orthogonal motional modes of a trapped‐ion chain. This work demonstrates the utility of this scheme by creating a Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger (GHZ) state in one step using parallel gates with one overlapping qubit. It also shows its advantage for circuits by implementing a digital quantum simulation of the dynamics of an interacting spin system, the transverse‐field Ising model. This method effectively extends the available gate depth by up to two times with no overhead when no overlapping qubit is involved, apart from additional initial cooling. This scheme can be easily applied to different trapped‐ion qubits and gate schemes, broadly enhancing the capabilities of trapped‐ion quantum computers.
Generation and Talbot Effect of Optical Vortex Lattices with High Orbital Angular Momenta
Authors: Luo Hao , Sang Suling , Xiao Zihang , Li Peng , Wen Feng , Gu Yuzong , Wu Zhenkun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOptical vortex lattices (OVLs) are gaining increased research attention owing to their unique features related to intensity and phase structure. Interference is a common method for generating an OVL. However, the topological charge (TC) of a single building block in an OVL is fixed and cannot be modulated, thereby limiting its applicability. This study entailed the use of phase multiplication to generate a high‐order OVL to facilitate the arbitrary modulation of its TC. The generated high‐order OVL exhibited the Talbot effect during transmission, and it transformed into a super‐honeycomb lattice at specific fractional Talbot lengths. In addition, an orbital angular momentum developed in the OVL; this has broad application prospects in optical micromanipulation. Further, a method for generating super‐honeycomb lattices is devised. The findings of this study enhances understanding of the Talbot effect and broaden the practical applicability of OVLs.
Recognizing OAM Modes of Electromagnetic Laguerre‐Gaussian Schell‐Model Vortex Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence from Polarization
Authors: Wang Jiao , Tie Xuyan , Tan Zhenkun , Wang Xianghui , Lei Sichen , Wu Pengfei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA key element of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing technology that still requires innovation is the accurate identification of the OAM mode at the receiving end. Herein, based on the electromagnetic Laguerre‐Gaussian Schell‐model vortex (ELGSMV) beam (2020 J. Opt. 22 91), analytical expressions for four properties are obtained: average intensity, degree of polarization (DoP), orientation angle of polarization (OAoP), and ellipticity. The OAoP and ellipticity distributions of ELGSMV beams in relation to the topological charge l and order p are investigated. This is innovatively demonstrate that the OAoP and ellipticity distributions of the ELGSMV beam are the petal‐like shape, with the number of petals being twice as large as the corresponding topological charge. And, the positive or negative value of the topological charge affects the direction in which the petal rotates. In addition, the ELGSMV beam has a higher resistance to atmospheric turbulence than the general partially coherent vortex beam from the perspective of the DoP properties. These novel results may not only propose an effective method for recognizing the OAM mode of a partially coherent vortex beam, but also provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high‐quality beams in applications like quantum information and wireless optical communication.
Fixed time event‐triggered control for high‐order nonlinear uncertain systems with time‐varying full state constraints
Authors: Yang Panpan , Wang Xuyang , Chen Xingwen , Du Sen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe fixed time event‐triggered control for high‐order nonlinear uncertain systems with time‐varying full state constraints is investigated in this paper. First, the event‐triggered control (ETC) mechanism is introduced to reduce the data transmission in the communication channel. In consideration of the physical constraints and engineering requirements, time‐varying barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is deployed to make all the system states confined in the given time‐varying constraints. Then, the radial basis function neural networks (RBF NNs) are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear terms. Further, the fixed time stability strategy is deployed to make the system achieve semiglobal practical fixed time stability (SPFTS) and the convergence time is independent of the initial conditions. Finally, the proposed control scheme is verified by two simulation examples.
Dynamic quantization‐driven stability of networked control systems under DoS attacks
Authors: Li Lulu , Zhang Huihui , Sun Yifan , Lu Jianquan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the stability problem of networked control systems (NCSs) under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and bandwidth limitation. Firstly, the periodic dynamic quantization mechanism is extended to insecure systems, and a periodic‐like quantization strategy is proposed. Due to the designable period, such mechanism allows a trade‐off between better system performance and less energy consumption. With finite quantization levels, a reasonable parametric design is given to avoid quantizer saturation under general energy‐constrained DoS attacks. Secondly, a suitable quantized controller is designed for the system affected by DoS attacks. The relationship between the quantized controller and the DoS attacks is analyzed, and the criterion for NCSs achieving global asymptotic stability is derived. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical result.
Micronutrients in coated phosphate fertilizer improve precision distribution and nutrient use efficiency of soybean
Authors: Nunes Ana Paula Pereira , Takayama Thalita , Sarkis Leonardo Fernandes , Guelfi Douglas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChallenges regarding uniform micronutrient distribution and P‐use efficiency in agricultural soils are common. Micronutrients can be added as coated P fertilizers, creating multi‐nutrient fertilizers for crops to address this issue. The objective of this study was to quantify the diffusion and availability of P, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn in coated P fertilizers. Another objective was to evaluate the nutrient uptake, partitioning, and yield of soybeans. Treatments were monoammonium phosphate and NPS (nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur) fertilizer coated with Maxxi‐Phós and either Wolftrax, Microsol, or MIB Precise. Applied concentrations of B and Cu varied between 0.15% and 0.05%. The Mn and Zn ranged from 0.45% to 0.15%. Nutrient accumulation and recovery were assessed in the greenhouse and field trials. P diffusion ranged from 5.58 to 18.88 mm in 336 h. Micronutrient use efficiencies varied according to the soybean (Glycine max) phenological stages, with emphasis on the V4 stage, which resulted in the following values: B (0.65% to 13.89%), Cu (6.73% to 62.84%), Mn (0.73% to 3.36%), and Zn (0.01% to 2.34%). Nutrient exports were: 55.7 kg of P2O5 ha−1, 209.6 g of B ha−1, 109 g of Mn ha−1, 216.7 g of Zn ha−1, and 64.3 g of Cu ha−1. There was significant absorption (p ≤ 0.05) of B, Mn, and Zn at stages R1–R5.1 in the field trial, whereas it was from V4 to R1 for Cu. As a multi‐nutrient fertilizer for soybeans, micronutrient‐coated P fertilizers could replace exported nutrients.
Revisitation of the Preparation of (S,S)‐2,8‐Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane Through Enzymatic Resolution.
Authors: Dalsaniya Sagar Chandrakant , Bharati Alika , Sudhakar Yogeswari , Khomane Navnath , Gurrala Sheelu , Ghosh Subhash , Kumaraguru Thenkrishnan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA chemo‐enzymatic route for the preparation of (S,S)‐2,8‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, a key chiral intermediate of Moxifloxacin, has been evaluated and improved. The activity of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was found to be increased four times for the selective hydrolysis of cis‐dimethyl 1‐acetylpiperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate at 50 °C as compared to 27 °C. The reaction has an optimum temperature of 50–60 °C and an optimum pH of 7.5. The reaction follows typical Michaelis‐Menten kinetics with Vmax,obsd=2472 units/g, Km,obsd=0.334 M, n=6, correlation coeff. r=0.995 at 50 °C. The reaction time and enzyme loading were reduced to 26 h at 15 % (w/w) as compared to 14 days at 50 % (w/w) loading. The enzyme was found to be recyclable up to 5 times. Further, the reduction of dimethyl pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate was performed at a temperature of 27 °C under an H2‐filled balloon, in the presence of Pd/C and acetic acid, under atmospheric pressure to give cis‐(±)‐Dimethylpiperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate. We anticipate that our results will be beneficial to the pharmaceutical industry for the large‐scale production of (S,S)‐2,8‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane.
Surface‐Reconstructed Ru‐Doped Nickel/Iron Oxyhydroxide Arrays for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Kim Daekyu , Park Sumin , Choi Juhyung , Piao Yuanzhe , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe generation of an active phase through dynamic surface reconstruction is a promising strategy for improving the activity of electrocatalysts. However, studies investigating the reconstruction process and its impact on the intrinsic properties of the catalysts are scarce. Herein, the surface reconstruction of NiFe2O4 interfaced with NiMoO4 (Ru–NFO/NMO) facilitated by Ru doping is reported. The electrochemical and material characterizations demonstrate that Ru doping can regulate the electronic structure of NFO/NMO and induce the high‐valence state of Ni3.6+δ, facilitating the surface reconstruction to highly active Ru‐doped NiFeOOH/NiOOH (SR‐Ru–NFO/NMO). The optimized SR‐Ru–NFO/NMO exhibits promising performance in the oxygen evolution reaction, displaying a low overpotential of 229 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and good stability at varying current densities for 80 h. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Ru doping can increase the electron density and optimize intermediate adsorption by shifting the d‐band center downward. This work provides valuable insights into the tuning of electrocatalysts by surface reconstruction and offers a rational design strategy for the development of highly active oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts.
Biohybrid Urchin‐Like ZnO‐Based Microspheres with Tunable Hierarchical Structures and Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Zhou Hui , Cai Jun , Gu Bo , Zhang Deyuan , Gong De 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms have attracted much attention to act as biotemplates for fabricating micro/nanostructured functional particles. However, it is still challenging to produce tunable hierarchical particles based on microorganisms with intricate architectures and superior stability. Herein, a novel strategy is developed to fabricate biohybrid urchin‐like magnetic ZnO microspheres based on Chlorella (Ch.) with tunable hierarchical core–shell structures. Using Ch. cells as microspherical templates, Fe3O4 nanoparticles and ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays are deposited in sequence to form the final biohybrid heterostructure microspheres (Ch.@Fe3O4@ZnO NRs). Ordered growth and structural regulation of 3D ZnO NR arrays are achieved via a facile and controllable manner. Compared with the prepared microspheres with diverse structure configurations of ZnO shells, the Ch.@Fe3O4@ZnO NRs possess excellent light absorption and photoelectrocatalysis performance toward tetracycline degradation (normalized apparent rate constant, k = 366.3 h−1 g−1), which is significantly larger than that of ZnO nanoflower/nanoparticle loaded types. It also proves that the synergistic enhancement of well‐oriented ZnO NR arrays, heterojunction structures, and biomass features is the fundamental reason for outstanding photoelectrocatalytic activity. Due to the remarkable stability and versatility, this work provides abundant opportunities to construct biohybrid multilevel micro/nanostructures with significant potentials for practical applications.
RotNet: A Rotationally Invariant Graph Neural Network for Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Tu Hongwei , Han Yanqiang , Wang Zhilong , Chen An , Tao Kehao , Ye Simin , Wang Shiwei , Wei Zhiyun , Li Jinjin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeep learning has proven promising in biological and chemical applications, aiding in accurate predictions of properties such as atomic forces, energies, and material band gaps. Traditional methods with rotational invariance, one of the most crucial physical laws for predictions made by machine learning, have relied on Fourier transforms or specialized convolution filters, leading to complex model design and reduced accuracy and efficiency. However, models without rotational invariance exhibit poor generalization ability across datasets. Addressing this contradiction, this work proposes a rotationally invariant graph neural network, named RotNet, for accurate and accelerated quantum mechanical calculations that can overcome the generalization deficiency caused by rotations of molecules. RotNet ensures rotational invariance through an effective transformation and learns distance and angular information from atomic coordinates. Benchmark experiments on three datasets (protein fragments, electronic materials, and QM9) demonstrate that the proposed RotNet framework outperforms popular baselines and generalizes well to spatial data with varying rotations. The high accuracy, efficiency, and fast convergence of RotNet suggest that it has tremendous potential to significantly facilitate studies of protein dynamics simulation and materials engineering while maintaining physical plausibility.