bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lewis Acid Fe‐V Pairs Promote Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Nana , Zhang Guike , Shen Peng , Zhang Hu , Ma Dongwei , Chu Ke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) has been recognized as an appealing approach to realize both sustainable NH3 production and waste nitrate removal. Herein, from the perspective of Lewis acid‐base interaction, a single‐atom Fe‐doped V2O5 (Fe‐V2O5) catalyst enriched is designed with Lewis acid sites, which present the maximum NH3‐Faradaic efficiency of 97.1% with the corresponding NH3 yield of 12.5 mg h−1 cm−2 at –0.7 V versus RHE. Mechanistic studies based on theoretical calculations and operando spectroscopic characterizations identify the creation of Lewis acid Fe‐V pairs on Fe‐V2O5, which can synergetically activate the NO3−, promote the hydrogenation energetics, and restrain the hydrogen evolution, leading to the enhanced NO3RR activity and selectivity.
Smartly Optimizing Crystallinity, Compatibility, and Morphology for Polymer Solar Cells by Small Molecule Acceptor with Unique 2D‐EDOT Side Chain
Authors: Deng Min , Xu Xiaopeng , Duan Yuwei , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA desired morphology is essential for achieving efficient polymer solar cells. Donors and acceptors with appropriate crystallization can lead to a suitable phase‐separated morphology for effective photocurrent generation process. Inspired by the success of Y6 acceptors and the 2D side chain engineering on popular polymer donors and small molecule acceptors, the usage of unique 2D 3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) side chains on Y6 to regulate its crystallinity, compatibility, and thus the related blend morphology is explored. In this study, two molecules of BTP‐EDOT‐4F and BTP‐EDOT‐4Cl with such unique 2D EDOT side chains are designed and synthesized. Due to the advantage of EDOT side chain, when these molecules are blended with PM6, the decent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 16.78% and 15.87% are obtained. Furthermore, BTP‐EDOT‐4F is selected as the third component and added into PM6:L8‐BO binary system to form ternary blends. The optimized crystallinity, compatibility, and morphology of such ternary blend are discovered in the presence of BTP‐EDOT‐4F, which enables efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport as well as decreased recombination, resulting in higher short circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor. Finally, the outstanding PCE of 18.56% is achieved in ternary blends containing PM6, L8‐BO, and BTP‐EDOT‐4F.
Room‐Temperature‐Processable Highly Reliable Resistive Switching Memory with Reconfigurability for Neuromorphic Computing and Ultrasonic Tissue Classification
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Bang Hyeonsu , Baac Hyoung Won , Lee Jongmin , Truong Phuoc Loc , Jeong Bum Ho , Appadurai Tamilselvan , Park Kyu Kwan , Heo Donghyeok , Nam Vu Binh , Yoo Hocheon , Kim Kyeounghak , Lee Daeho , Ko Jong Hwan , Park Hui Joon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReversible metal‐filamentary mechanism has been widely investigated to design an analog resistive switching memory (RSM) for neuromorphic hardware‐implementation. However, uncontrollable filament‐formation, inducing its reliability issues, has been a fundamental challenge. Here, an analog RSM with 3D ion transport channels that can provide unprecedentedly high reliability and robustness is demonstrated. This architecture is realized by a laser‐assisted photo‐thermochemical process, compatible with the back‐end‐of‐line process and even applicable to a flexible format. These superior characteristics also lead to the proposal of a practical adaptive learning rule for hardware neural networks that can significantly simplify the voltage pulse application methodology even with high computing accuracy. A neural network, which can perform the biological tissue classification task using the ultrasound signals, is designed, and the simulation results confirm that this practical adaptive learning rule is efficient enough to classify these weak and complicated signals with high accuracy (97%). Furthermore, the proposed RSM can work as a diffusive‐memristor at the opposite voltage polarity, exhibiting extremely stable threshold switching characteristics. In this mode, several crucial operations in biological nervous systems, such as Ca2+ dynamics and nonlinear integrate‐and‐fire functions of neurons, are successfully emulated. This reconfigurability is also exceedingly beneficial for decreasing the complexity of systems—requiring both drift‐ and diffusive‐memristors.
Clathrate‐Like Alkali and Alkaline‐Earth Metal Borides: A New Family of Superconductors with Superior Hardness
Authors: Han Shuai , Yu Linchao , Liu Yunxian , Zhao Bo , Wang Chao , Chen Xin , Zhang Yongsheng , Yu Runze , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConventional hard and superhard materials, such as diamond and cubic boron nitride, are attractive for fundamental material science and practical industrial application, but severely limited by their poor electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is desirable to design and fabricate novel materials for superior hardness and conductivity. Herein, a class of hard superconductors in alkali or alkaline‐earth metal (AM) borides, namely AMB7, constituted by a B23 cage with one centered metal atom (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Sr) is reported, which is the first stable clathrate structure in AMB systems. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that all these pressure‐stabilized clathrate structures can be quenched down to ambient conditions, which provides an essential prerequisite for experimental synthesis at moderate pressures. Among them, the highest hardness and maximum superconducting transition temperature (Tc) value are achieved in SrB7 (25.1 GPa) and MgB7 (29.3 K), respectively. Interestingly, the results show that KB7 simultaneously behaves high hardness (22.5 GPa) and superconducting transition temperature (Tc ≈26.2 K). This study opens up a new way to search and design novel superconductors with favorable mechanical properties under high pressure and high‐temperature conditions.
Biopolymers for Hygroscopic Material Development
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Fei , Zhang Yaoxin , Shi Mengjiao , Zhang Yingying , Yu Haipeng , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Tan Swee Ching , Chen Wenshuai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effective management of atmospheric water will create huge value for mankind. Diversified and sustainable biopolymers that are derived from organisms provide rich building blocks for various hygroscopic materials. Here, a comprehensive review of recent advances in developing biopolymers for hygroscopic materials is provided. It is begun with a brief introduction of species diversity and the processes of obtaining various biopolymer materials from organisms. The fabrication of hygroscopic materials is then illustrated, with a specific focus on the use of biopolymer‐derived materials as substrates to produce composites and the use of biopolymers as building blocks to fabricate composite gels. Next, the representative applications of biopolymer‐derived hygroscopic materials for dehumidification, atmospheric water harvesting, and power generation are systematically presented. An outlook on future challenges and key issues worthy of attention are finally provided.
All‐Transfer Electrode Interface Engineering Toward Harsh‐Environment‐Resistant MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Yonghuang , Xin Zeqin , Zhang Zhibin , Wang Bolun , Peng Ruixuan , Wang Enze , Shi Run , Liu Yiqun , Guo Jing , Liu Kaihui , Liu Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanoscale electronic devices that can work in harsh environments are in high demand for wearable, automotive, and aerospace electronics. Clean and defect‐free interfaces are of vital importance for building nanoscale harsh‐environment‐resistant devices. However, current nanoscale devices are subject to failure in these environments, especially at defective electrode–channel interfaces. Here, harsh‐environment‐resistant MoS2 transistors are developed by engineering electrode–channel interfaces with an all‐transfer of van der Waals electrodes. The delivered defect‐free, graphene‐buffered electrodes keep the electrode–channel interfaces intact and robust. As a result, the as‐fabricated MoS2 devices have reduced Schottky barrier heights, leading to a very large on‐state current and high carrier mobility. More importantly, the defect‐free, hydrophobic graphene buffer layer prevents metal diffusion from the electrodes to MoS2 and the intercalation of water molecules at the electrode–MoS2 interfaces. This enables high resistances of MoS2 devices with all‐transfer electrodes to various harsh environments, including humid, oxidizing, and high‐temperature environments, surpassing the devices with other kinds of electrodes. The work deepens the understanding of the roles of electrode–channel interfaces in nanoscale devices and provides a promising interface engineering strategy to build nanoscale harsh‐environment‐resistant devices.
Laser Constructing Short‐Range Disordered Metagratings for Visible Near‐Infrared Polarization‐Independent Absorption
Authors: Yuan Dandan , Huang Jiaxu , Li Jun , Cai Wenfeng , Han Huili , Liu Yan Jun , Wang Min , Xu Shaolin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSubwavelength‐structured metasurfaces working in visible and near‐infrared bands present a high challenge in large‐scale device fabrication. In this study, a scalable, high‐efficient, and low‐cost laser‐induced nanopatterning technique is exploited to fabricate a kind of short‐range disordered metagratings, which enables broadband polarization‐independent absorption in the visible to near‐infrared wavelength. The short‐range disorder of the laser‐induced nanogratings originates from the laser‐induced thermal effect and can be spontaneously organized during laser nanopatterning. The unique disorder can break the unidirectional characteristics of the nanogratings, which empowers the metagratings to excite coupled resonance modes. This helps to achieve near‐perfect absorption in the visible to near‐infrared band (400–1100 nm) with an excellent angular tolerance (up to 60°) and average absorptivities of 96.3% and 93.5% under the TM and TE modes, respectively. These low‐cost metagratings can potentially inspire wide applications in the fields of solar cells, sensing, and thermal emitters.
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Terminal Allenes: A Regio‐ and Enantioselective Approach to Branched Allylic Nitriles
Authors: Bury Timm , Kullmann Sven , Breit Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA highly branched regioselective nickel(0)‐catalyzed hydrocyanation of mono‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted allenes as well as an asymmetric hydrocyanation of 1,1‐disubstituted allenes are reported herein, giving access to branched tertiary and quaternary β,γ‐allylic nitriles. For the regioselective hydrocyanation of terminal allenes, a nickel(0)/Biphephos catalytic system applicable to a substrate scope containing functional groups such as ester, THP‐group, primary aliphatic iodide, and a free carboxylic acid, provides yields up to 96%. By applying a catalytic system of Ni(0)/TADDOL‐based bisphosphite catalyst to 1,1‐disubstituted allenes, branched quaternary allylic nitriles are obtained in yields up to 99% and enantioselectivities up to 86%. Both protocols take advantage of a manageable HCN source and evidence good atom economy. In addition, the reaction's synthesis utility is highlighted by gram‐scale reactions with subsequent assorted transformation of the nitrile group as well as alkylation of the tertiary nitriles in α‐position.magnified image
Evolution and Future of Hetero‐ and Hydro‐Trifluoromethylations of Unsaturated C−C Bonds
Authors: Kawamura Shintaro , Barrio Pablo , Fustero Santos , Escorihuela Jorge , Han Jianlin , A. Soloshonok Vadim , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe difunctionalizative trifluoromethylation of unsaturated C−C bonds is a highly useful and efficient method for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl compounds with attractive architectures from simple feedstocks, allowing the introduction of the CF3 group along with a wide variety of substituents either inter‐ or intramolecularly. Given that trifluoromethyl molecules are increasingly used as promising bioactive species in the design of new drugs and agrochemicals, difunctionalizative trifluoromethylation has been extensively studied during the last decade. This review focuses on reactions proceeding via the simultaneous formation of C−heteroatom (O, N, S, Se, B) and C−H bonds, as these reactions provide useful CF3 group‐containing building blocks. To identify the trends and prospects of the evolution of this methodology, we systematically describe the variants of these types of reactions and provide a more general view of reaction conditions, modes, and mechanisms. The presented comprehensive survey enables the categorization of reactions into those that are synthetically mature and those with room for further development.magnified image
External Measurement of Swallowed Volume During Exercise Enabled by Stretchable Derivatives of PEDOT:PSS, Graphene, Metallic Nanoparticles, and Machine Learning
Authors: Polat Beril , Rafeedi Tarek , Becerra Laura , Chen Alexander X. , Chiang Kuanjung , Kaipu Vineel , Blau Rachel , Mercier Patrick P. , Cheng Chung‐Kuan , Lipomi Darren J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpidermal sensors for remote healthcare and performance monitoring require the ability to operate under the effects of bodily motion, heat, and perspiration. Here, the use of purpose‐synthesized polymer‐based dry electrodes and graphene‐based strain gauges to obtain measurements of swallowed volume under typical conditions of exercise is evaluated. The electrodes, composed of the common conductive polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrostatically bound to poly(styrenesulfonate)‐b‐poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (PSS‐b‐PPEGMEA), collect surface electromyography (sEMG) signals on the submental muscle group, under the chin. Simultaneously, the deformation of the surface of the skin is measured using strain gauges comprising single‐layer graphene supporting subcontinuous coverage of gold and a highly plasticized composite containing PEDOT:PSS. Together, these materials permit high stretchability, high resolution, and resistance to sweat. A custom printed circuit board (PCB) allows this multicomponent system to acquire strain and sEMG data wirelessly. This sensor platform is tested on the swallowing activity of a cohort of 10 subjects while walking or cycling on a stationary bike. Using a machine learning (ML) model, it is possible to predict swallowed volume with absolute errors of 36% for walking and 43% for cycling.
In Situ/Operando Studies for Reduced Eletromigration in Ag Nanowires with Stacking Faults
Authors: Hsueh Yu‐Hsiang , Ranjan Ashok , Lyu Lian‐Ming , Hsiao Kai‐Yuan , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Lu Ming‐Pei , Lu Ming‐Yen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effect of stacking faults (SFs) on electromigration in silver nanowires (AgNWs) in particular, with respect to their effects on necking and void growth, is investigated. The galvanic replacement reaction is used to synthesize the AgNWs in bulk at low cost. By varying the concentration of silver nitrate, AgNWs are obtained with and without SFs. In situ TEM analysis provides strong evidence that the SFs can effectively suppress the migration of surface atoms. Furthermore, an investigation of the void growth process reveals that SF facets parallel to the {111} plane contribute to the anisotropic change in morphology and slow down the rate of void growth by 135 times. Thus, planar defects can be beneficial to extending the lifetimes of devices by causing intrinsic changes to the material properties.
Enhanced Adsorption of Epoxy‐Functional Nanoparticles onto Stainless Steel Significantly Reduces Friction in Tribological Studies
Authors: György Csilla , Kirkman Paul M. , Neal Thomas J. , Chan Derek H. H. , Williams Megan , Smith Timothy , Growney David J. , Armes Steven P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpoxy‐functional sterically‐stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles (ca. 27 nm) are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization in mineral oil. Nanoparticle adsorption onto stainless steel is examined using a quartz crystal microbalance. Incorporating epoxy groups within the steric stabilizer chains results in a two‐fold increase in the adsorbed amount, Γ, at 20 °C (7.6 mg m−2) compared to epoxy‐core functional nanoparticles (3.7 mg m−2) or non‐functional nanoparticles (3.8 mg m−2). A larger difference in Γ is observed at 40 °C; this suggests chemical adsorption of the nanoparticles rather than merely physical adsorption. A remarkable near five‐fold increase in Γ is observed for ca. 50 nm epoxy‐functional nanoparticles compared to non‐functional nanoparticles (31.3 vs. 6.4 mg m−2, respectively). Tribological studies confirm that chemical adsorption of the latter epoxy‐functional nanoparticles leads to a significant reduction in friction between 60 °C and 120 °C.
Statisch‐konstruktive Durchbildung des Gebäudeteils BOX – Herausforderung aus planerischer Sicht
Authors: Ritter Hendrik , Frenzel Michael , Scheerer Silke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Herausforderungen bei der statisch‐konstruktiven Durchbildung des Gebäudeteils BOX aus planerischer Sicht vor. Dabei wird auf die BOX‐Konstruktion als solche, auf die verwendeten Materialien und die einzelnen Bauteile, vor allem auf die Decken und Außenwände, eingegangen. Der Bericht gibt genauere Informationen über das Vorgehen bei der Bemessung von Bauteilen und geht auf besondere Aspekte sowie maßgebende Konstruktionsdetails ein. Der Bericht zeigt, dass sich mit Carbonbeton filigrane, materialminimierte Bauteile planen und umsetzen lassen, wodurch natürliche Ressourcen gespart werden können.
An evaluation of a multi‐component intervention for loud speech among children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Spinks Hailey M. , Falcomata Terry S. , Spinks Elissa M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIdiosyncratic patterns of speech are common among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can greatly affect their ability to participate successfully in various social and educational settings. We evaluated a treatment package with three children with ASD and a history of loud speech. A multiple baseline across participants design and a decibel meter application were used to evaluate whether the multi‐component intervention (i.e., a rule, differential reinforcement, and in vivo feedback) would effectively reduce participants' rates of loud speech. The results showed that the intervention decreased rates of loud speech for all participants. Results are discussed in terms of (a) their extension of the literature regarding speech prosody in ASD by demonstrating an effective intervention for loud speech, (b) clinical implications, and (c) potential future research regarding this nuanced, yet crucial aspect of social communication, including appropriate methods for addressing loud speech in individuals with ASD.
Kinetically controlled chiral metal‐coordinated supramolecular polymerization accompanying helical inversion or morphological transformation
Authors: Lim Seol A. , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere, we describe the recent progress on metal‐coordinated supramolecular structures with unique characteristics and controlled helicity based on coordination geometry and dynamic intermolecular binding events. The current major research area is the self‐assembly of a metal‐containing molecule into nanomaterials. It generated a large number of supramolecular polymers, which have various structures and functions. Although the dynamic coordination complexation reactions between various metal ions and ligands are spontaneous, we successfully achieved unique morphological transformations with helical inversion of metal‐containing supramolecular polymers via the kinetic control of dynamic coordination complexation reactions. Our findings have a significant impact on the development of novel and advanced supramolecular materials, and dynamic coordination bonds in the molecular design of metal‐containing complexes for modulating self‐assembly pathways, which may be relevant for the fabrication of supramolecular materials with interesting properties. Our contributions may be useful to the understanding of chiral assembly processes in biological systems.
Firm, industry, and country effects on CO2 emissions levels
Authors: López‐Manuel Lucas , Vázquez Xosé H. , Sartal Antonio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe hinge on a panel data of 4660 firms across 79 countries and over 15 years to explore how country, industry, and firm effects influence firms' CO2 emissions. Our results show that firm effects are the main factor influencing firms' CO2 emissions (32.8% of the total variance), ahead of industry (30.6%), country (29.3%), or country‐industry effects (4.0%). These results highlight the need to overhaul current public policy baselines that mainly focus on environmental regulation and technological development, for the dissemination of proactive environmental practices within the firm also appears to be—at least—as important to ground a low‐carbon future. Our findings should also permeate the rhetoric of the agents setting business collective beliefs and influencing management training, as well as that of international organizations at the forefront of the crusade for decarbonization. By contrast, if the misleading idea of marginal firm effects entrenches in our set of beliefs, it could become a self‐fulfilling prophecy in the normative system under which policymaking and organizational behavior unfold.
A novel synthetic sRNA promoting protein overexpression in cell‐free systems
Authors: Tanniche Imen , Nazem‐Bokaee Hadi , Scherr David M. , Schlemmer Sara , Senger Ryan S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression have been engineered for uses in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Here, we designed a novel non‐Hfq‐dependent sRNA scaffold that uses a modifiable 20 nucleotide antisense binding region to target mRNAs selectively and influence protein expression. The system was developed for regulation of a fluorescent reporter in vivo using Escherichia coli, but the system was found to be more responsive and produced statistically significant results when applied to protein synthesis using in vitro cell‐free systems (CFS). Antisense binding sequences were designed to target not only translation initiation regions but various secondary structures in the reporter mRNA. Targeting a high‐energy stem loop structure and the 3′ end of mRNA yielded protein expression knock‐downs that approached 70%. Notably, targeting a low‐energy stem structure near a potential RNase E binding site led to a statistically significant 65% increase in protein expression (p < 0.05). These results were not obtainable in vivo, and the underlying mechanism was translated from the reporter system to achieve better than 75% increase in recombinant diaphorase expression in a CFS. It is possible the designs developed here can be applied to improve/regulate expression of other proteins in a CFS.