bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-field-aligned Proton Beams and Their Roles in the Growth of Fast Magnetosonic/Whistler Waves: Solar Orbiter Observations
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , He Jiansen , Duan Die , Verscharen Daniel , Owen Christopher J. , Fedorov Andrey , Louarn Philippe , Horbury Timothy S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The proton beam is an important population of the non-Maxwellian proton velocity distribution in the solar wind, but its role in wave activity remains unclear. In particular, the velocity vector of the proton beam and its influence on wave growth/damping have not been addressed before. Here we explore the origin and the associated particle dynamics of a kinetic wave event in the solar wind by analyzing measurements from Solar Orbiter and comparing them with theoretical predictions from linear Vlasov theory. We identify the waves as outward-propagating circularly polarized fast magnetosonic/whistler (FM/W) waves. The proton’s velocity distribution functions can destabilize FM/W waves. According to linear Vlasov theory, the velocity fluctuations of the core and the beam associated with FM/W waves render the original field-aligned background drift velocity non-field-aligned. This non-field-aligned drift velocity carrying the information of the velocity fluctuations of the core and the beam is responsible for the wave growth/damping. Specifically, for the FM/W waves we analyze, the non-field-aligned fluctuating velocity of the beam population is responsible for the growth of these unstable waves in the presence of a proton beam. In contrast, the core population plays the opposite role, partially suppressing the wave growth. Remarkably, the observed drift velocity vector between the core and the beam is not field aligned during an entire wave period. This result contrasts the traditional expectation that the proton beam is field aligned.
Theoretical Systematics in Testing the Cosmological Principle with the Kinematic Quasar Dipole
Authors: Guandalin Caroline , Piat Jade , Clarkson Chris , Maartens Roy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Cosmological Principle (CP) is part of the foundation that underpins the standard model of the Universe. In the era of precision cosmology, when stress tests of the standard model are uncovering various tensions and possible anomalies, it is critical to check the viability of this principle. A key test is the consistency between the kinematic dipoles of the cosmic microwave background and of the large-scale matter distribution. Results using radio continuum and quasar samples indicate a rough agreement in the directions of the two dipoles, but a larger than expected amplitude of the matter dipole. The resulting tension with the radiation dipole has been estimated at ∼5σ for some cases, suggesting a potential new cosmological tension and a possible violation of the CP. However, the standard formalism for predicting the dipole in the two-dimensional projection of sources overlooks possible evolution effects in the luminosity function. In fact, radial information from the luminosity function is necessary for a correct projection of the three-dimensional source distribution. Using a variety of current models of the quasar luminosity function, we show that neglecting redshift evolution can significantly overestimate the relative velocity amplitude. While the models we investigate are consistent with each other and with current data, the dipole derived from these, which depends on derivatives of the luminosity function, can disagree by more than 3σ. This theoretical systematic bias needs to be resolved before robust conclusions can be made about a new cosmic tension.
The Metal-weak Milky Way Stellar Disk Hidden in the Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus Debris: The APOGEE DR17 View
Authors: Feltzing Sofia , Feuillet Diane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We have for the first time identified the early stellar disk in the Milky Way by using a combination of elemental abundances and kinematics. Using data from APOGEE DR17 and Gaia we select stars in the Mg–Mn–Al–Fe plane with elemental abundances indicative of an accreted origin and find stars with both halo-like and disk-like kinematics. The stars with halo-like kinematics lie along a lower sequence in [Mg/Fe], while the stars with disk-like kinematics lie along a higher sequence. Combined with astroseismic observations, we determine that the stars with halo-like kinematics are old, 9–11 Gyr, and that the more evolved stellar disk is about 1–2 Gyr younger. We show that the in situ fraction of stars on deeply bound orbits is not small, in fact the inner Galaxy likely harbors a genuine in situ population together with an accreted one. In addition, we show that the selection of the Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus in the E
n−L
z plane is not very robust. In fact, radically different selection criteria give almost identical elemental abundance signatures for the accreted stars.
The LSST AGN Data Challenge: Selection Methods
Authors: Savić Đorđe V. , Jankov Isidora , Yu Weixiang , Petrecca Vincenzo , Temple Matthew J. , Ni Qingling , Shirley Raphael , Kovačević Andjelka B. , Nikolić Mladen , Ilić Dragana , Popović Luka Č. , Paolillo Maurizio , Panda Swayamtrupta , Ćiprijanović Aleksandra , Richards Gordon T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Development of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) includes a series of Data Challenges (DCs) arranged by various LSST Scientific Collaborations that are taking place during the project's preoperational phase. The AGN Science Collaboration Data Challenge (AGNSC-DC) is a partial prototype of the expected LSST data on active galactic nuclei (AGNs), aimed at validating machine learning approaches for AGN selection and characterization in large surveys like LSST. The AGNSC-DC took place in 2021, focusing on accuracy, robustness, and scalability. The training and the blinded data sets were constructed to mimic the future LSST release catalogs using the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 region and the XMM-Newton Large Scale Structure Survey region. Data features were divided into astrometry, photometry, color, morphology, redshift, and class label with the addition of variability features and images. We present the results of four submitted solutions to DCs using both classical and machine learning methods. We systematically test the performance of supervised models (support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, artificial neural network, convolutional neural network) and unsupervised ones (deep embedding clustering) when applied to the problem of classifying/clustering sources as stars, galaxies, or AGNs. We obtained classification accuracy of 97.5% for supervised models and clustering accuracy of 96.0% for unsupervised ones and 95.0% with a classic approach for a blinded data set. We find that variability features significantly improve the accuracy of the trained models, and correlation analysis among different bands enables a fast and inexpensive first-order selection of quasar candidates.
Information-theoretic Analysis of Longitude Distribution of Photospheric Magnetic Fields from MDI/HMI Synoptic Maps: Evidence for Rossby Waves
Authors: Raphaldini Breno , Dikpati Mausumi , McIntosh Scott W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Much of the research on the magnetic activity of the Sun has been focused on its axisymmetric component. However, the longitudinal complexity plays a fundamental role in the solar magnetic activity. Rossby waves have recently been proposed as a fundamental mechanism regarding the nonaxisymmetric nature of the solar magnetic fields. Here, we use HMI and MDI magnetic field synoptic maps to evaluate the magnetic field structures’ (mainly active regions) organization and propagation as a function of time and latitude. We demonstrate, using information theory, that the organization of longitudinal structures observed on synoptic maps is proportional to the level of activity at a given latitude. We further show that this organization on the longitudinal structures is persistent and due to long-lived features. The drift velocity of these long-lived photospheric features is inferred and is shown to significantly vary with latitude, and is compatible with the phase speed of tachocline magnetic Rossby waves with a toroidal field in the range of 5–10 kG. Our results suggest that Rossby waves contribute to the organization and propagation of photospheric magnetic features on the timescale of several months and beyond.
Continuum Reverberation Mapping of Mrk 876 over Three Years with Remote Robotic Observatories
Authors: Miller Jake A. , Cackett Edward M. , Goad Michael R. , Horne Keith , Barth Aaron J. , Romero-Colmenero Encarni , Fausnaugh Michael , Gelbord Jonathan , Korista Kirk T. , Landt Hermine , Treu Tommaso , Winkler Hartmut 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Continuum reverberation mapping probes the size scale of the optical continuum-emitting region in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Through 3 yr of multiwavelength photometric monitoring in the optical with robotic observatories, we perform continuum reverberation mapping on Mrk 876. All wave bands show large-amplitude variability and are well correlated. Slow variations in the light curves broaden the cross-correlation function (CCF) significantly, requiring detrending in order to robustly recover interband lags. We measure consistent interband lags using three techniques (CCF, JAVELIN, and PyROA), with a lag of around 13 days from u to z. These lags are longer than the expected radius of 12 days for the self-gravitating radius of the disk. The lags increase with wavelength roughly following λ
4/3, as would be expected from thin disk theory, but the lag normalization is approximately a factor of 3 longer than expected, as has also been observed in other AGN. The lag in the i band shows an excess that we attribute to variable Hα broad-line emission. A flux–flux analysis shows a variable spectrum that follows f

ν
∝ λ
−1/3, as expected for a disk, and an excess in the i band that also points to strong variable Hα emission in that band.
The Impact of Beam Variations on Power Spectrum Estimation for 21 cm Cosmology. II. Mitigation of Foreground Systematics for HERA
Authors: Kim Honggeun , Kern Nicholas S. , Hewitt Jacqueline N. , Nhan Bang D. , Dillon Joshua S. , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dynes Scott B. C. , Mahesh Nivedita , Fagnoni Nicolas , DeBoer David R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
One key challenge in detecting a 21 cm cosmological signal at z > 6 is to separate the cosmological signal from foreground emission. This can be studied in a power spectrum space where the foreground is confined to low delay (or, equivalently, k
∥) modes, whereas the cosmological signal can spread out to high delay modes. When there is a calibration error, however, the chromaticity of the gain errors propagates to the power spectrum estimate and contaminates the modes for cosmological detection. The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) employs a high-precision calibration scheme using redundancy in measurements. In this study, we focus on the gain errors induced by nonredundancies arising from a feed offset relative to HERA’s 14 m parabolic dish element and investigate how to mitigate the chromatic gain errors using three different methods: restricting baseline lengths for calibration, smoothing the antenna gains, and applying a temporal filter prior to calibration. With 2 cm/2° perturbations for translation/tilting motions, a level achievable under normal HERA operating conditions, the combination of the baseline cut and temporal filtering indicates that the spurious gain feature due to nonredundancies is significantly reduced, and the power spectrum recovers the clean foreground-free region. We found that the mitigation technique works even for large feed motions, but in order to keep a stable calibration process, the feed positions need to be constrained to 2 cm for translation motions and 2° for tilting offset relative to the dish’s vertex.
Diffuse Neutrino Flux Based on the Rates of Core-collapse Supernovae and Black Hole Formation Deduced from a Novel Galactic Chemical Evolution Model
Authors: Ashida Yosuke , Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Tsujimoto Takuji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fluxes of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) are calculated based on a new modeling of galactic chemical evolution, where a variable stellar initial mass function (IMF), depending on the galaxy type, is introduced and black hole (BH) formation from the failed supernova is considered for progenitors heavier than 18M
⊙. The flux calculations are performed for different combinations of the star formation rate, nuclear equation of state, and neutrino mass hierarchy, to examine the systematic effects from these factors. In any case, our new model predicts the enhanced DSNB

ν

¯

e

flux at E

ν
≳ 30 MeV and E

ν
≲ 10 MeV, due to more frequent BH formation and a larger core-collapse rate at high redshifts in early-type galaxies, respectively. Event rate spectra of the DSNB

ν

¯

e

at a detector from the new model are shown, and the detectability at water-based Cherenkov detectors, Super-Kamiokande with a gadolinium dissolution and Hyper-Kamiokande, is discussed. In order to investigate the impacts of the assumptions in the new model, we prepare alternative models, based on different IMF forms and treatments of BH formation, and estimate the discrimination capabilities between the new and alternative models at these detectors.
Observation of Two Splitting Processes in a Partial Filament Eruption on the Sun: The Role of Breakout Reconnection
Authors: Sun Zheng , Li Ting , Tian Hui , Hou Yijun , Hou Zhenyong , Chen Hechao , Bai Xianyong , Deng Yuanyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Partial filament eruptions have often been observed; however, the physical mechanisms that lead to filament splitting are not yet fully understood. In this study, we present a unique event of a partial filament eruption that undergoes two distinct splitting processes. The first process involves vertical splitting and is accompanied by brightenings inside the filament, which may result from internal magnetic reconnection within the filament. Following the first splitting process, the filament is separated into an upper part and a lower part. Subsequently, the upper part undergoes a second splitting, which is accompanied by a coronal blowout jet. An extrapolation of the coronal magnetic field reveals a hyperbolic flux tube structure above the filament, indicating the occurrence of breakout reconnection that reduces the constraining field above. Consequently, the filament is lifted up, but at a nonuniform speed. The high-speed part reaches the breakout current sheet to generate the blowout jet, while the low-speed part falls back to the solar surface, resulting in the second splitting. In addition, continuous brightenings are observed along the flare ribbons, suggesting the occurrence of a slipping reconnection process. This study presents, for the first time, the unambiguous observation of a two-stage filament-splitting process, advancing our understanding of the complex dynamics of solar eruptions.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes of Two Trifocal IOLs
Authors: Kılıç Aylin , Özpınar Ayse , Tanrıverdi Cafer 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To compare the visual outcomes of bilateral implantation of two commercially available trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) (AcrySof IQ PanOptix IOL; Alcon Laboratories, Inc and AcrivaUD Trinova IOL; VSY Biotechnology).

Methods:
This comparative, investigator-initiated, single-center randomized trial was conducted by the Department of Ophthalmology of the Medipol Mega University Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Adult patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio using a block randomization program to undergo cataract surgery and receive the implantation of either the PanOptix or Trinova IOL in both eyes. Outcome measures including binocular uncorrected and corrected visual acuities at distance, intermediate (66 cm), and near (40 cm), defocus curve, refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, glare and halos, and patient satisfaction were assessed at a minimum of 3 months following bilateral IOL implantation.

Results:

A total of 71 patients (142 eyes) were included, with 35 patients (70 eyes) in the PanOptix IOL group and 36 patients (72 eyes) in the Trinova IOL group. At the 3-month follow-up examination, mean distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (primary endpoint) was significantly better for the PanOptix IOL group (0.0 ± 0.09 logMAR) compared with the Trinova IOL group (0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR) (
P
= .0304). Mean logMAR uncorrected intermediate acuity (UIVA) and near (UNVA) visual acuity were also significantly better for the PanOptix IOL group (UIVA = 0.1 ± 0.10 logMAR; UNVA= 0.0 ± 0.09 logMAR) compared with the Trinova IOL group (UIVA = 0.2 ± 0.10 logMAR; UNVA = 0.2 ± 0.11 logMAR) (both
P
< .001). There were no statistically significant differences in all other outcomes between groups. No adverse events were reported in both groups.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that the PanOptix IOL provides better intermediate and near visual outcomes compared to the Trinova IOL and represents a good choice for patients seeking to achieve spectacle independence.

[
J Refract Surg.
2023;39(8):524–530.]
A small-sized tube versus traditional closed thoracic drainage in uniportal thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Tian Zhoujunyi , Qiang Guangliang , Xiao Fei , Feng Hongxiang , Zhang Zhenrong , Wen Huanshun , Liang Chaoyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
To assess the feasibility and safety of placing a small-sized tube as drainage in patients after uniportal thoracoscopic lung resection.

Patients and Methods:
Patients who received uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (U-VATS) lung resection were identified in our database. Patients placed small-sized tube drainage were compared with those placed conventional chest tube in terms of characteristics, operation modality, post-operative pulmonary complications, post-operative pain, chest tube duration and post-operative hospital stay. Propensity score matching was performed.

Results:
Of the 217 enrolled patients, 173 were assigned to the conventional tube group and 44 were assigned to the small-sized tube group. Rates of post-operative pulmonary complications were relatively low and similar between the two groups. After propensity score matching, operation duration was shorter (1 h vs. 1.21 h, P = 0.01) was shorter, and the maximum value of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score after operation (1 vs. 1.5, P = 0.02) and the overall average value of VAS score after operation (0.33 vs. 0.88, P = 0.006) was lower in small-sized tube group. No significant difference was observed in chest tube duration (2 vs. 2, P = 0.34) and post-operative hospital stay (3 vs. 3, P = 0.34).

Conclusions:
Compared to conventional chest tubes, small-sized tubes for post-operative drainage after U-VATS lung resection may be a safe and promising approach for reducing post-operative pain.
Reflections on Participation in a Trial on Hydroxychloroquine as Prevention for COVID-19 among Health Workers in Niger
Authors: Kabore Youssouf , Vatrinet Renaud , Guindo Ousmane , Moussa Souleymane H. , Schilling William H. K. , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
In 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a rapidly emerging virus causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, had no known effective prophylaxis and no widely available proven effective antiviral treatment. Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine was identified as an early potential therapeutic candidate drawing on evidence from reports of both in vitro and in vivo testing. A multicountry placebo-controlled randomized trial was set to evaluate the use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine to prevent infection in healthcare workers and staff working in a health facility involved in COVID-19 management. One of the sites of this trial was in Niger. In Niger, of the 240 persons who were provided information about the study and with whom participation was discussed, only five participants provided their informed consent. In this article, we describe the key difficulties encountered in the conduct of this trial from the perspective of the site study team. Among the difficulties, we recognize that the epidemic context, controversy surrounding hydroxychloroquine, vaccine rollout, participants’ perspectives, and trial design had a major impact on participation.
National Hospital-Based Sentinel Surveillance for Cholera in Bangladesh: Epidemiological Results from 2014 to 2021
Authors: Islam Md Taufiqul , Hegde Sonia Tara , Khan Ashraful Islam , Bhuiyan Md Taufiqur Rahman , Khan Zahid Hasan , Ahmmed Faisal , Begum Yasmina Ara , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Tanvir Nabid Anjum , Khan Ishtiakul Islam , Habib Zakir Hossain , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , McMillan Nigel A. , Shirin Tahmina , Azman Andrew S. , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Despite focusing on cholera burden, epidemiologic studies in Bangladesh tend to be limited in geographic scope. National-level cholera surveillance data can help inform cholera control strategies and assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. Hospital-based sentinel surveillance among patients with suspected diarrhea in different sites across Bangladesh has been conducted since 2014. We selected an age-stratified sample of 20 suspected cholera cases each week from each sentinel site, tested stool for the presence of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 by culture, and characterized antibiotic susceptibility in a subset of culture-positive isolates. We estimated the odds of being culture positive among suspected cholera cases according to different potential risk factors. From May 4, 2014 through November 30, 2021, we enrolled 51,414 suspected cases from our sentinel surveillance sites. We confirmed V. cholerae O1 in 5.2% of suspected cases through microbiological culture. The highest proportion of confirmed cholera cases was from Chittagong (9.7%) and the lowest was from Rangpur Division (0.9%). Age, number of purges, duration of diarrhea, occupation, and season were the most relevant factors in distinguishing cholera-positive suspected cases from cholera-negative suspected cases. Nationwide surveillance data show that cholera is circulating in Bangladesh and the southern region is more affected than the northern region. Antimicrobial resistance patterns indicate that multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics) of V. cholerae O1 could be a major threat in the future. Alignment of these results with Bangladesh’s cholera-control program will be the foundation for future research into the efficacy of cholera-control initiatives.
The Human Mpox Global Outbreak: Available Control Tools and the Opportunity to Break a Cycle of Neglect in Endemic Countries
Authors: Nachega Jean B. , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide , Rosenthal Philip J. , Rimoin Anne W. , Hoff Nicole A. , Liesenborghs Laurens , Vanlerberghe Veerle , Andrei Graciela , Rawat Angeli , Wilson Lindsay A. , Forrest Jamie , Mills Edward J. , Hermans Michel P. , Mulangu Sabue , Ntoumi Francine , Zumla Alimuddin , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean-Jacques 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
The 2022 global outbreak of human Mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV) infection outside of the usual endemic zones in Africa challenged our understanding of the virus’s natural history, transmission dynamics, and risk factors. This outbreak has highlighted the need for diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and implementation research, all of which require more substantial investments in equitable collaborative partnerships. Global multidisciplinary networks need to tackle MPXV and other neglected emerging and reemerging zoonotic pathogens to address them locally and prevent or quickly control their worldwide spread. Political endorsement from individual countries and financial commitments to maintain control efforts will be essential for long-term sustainability.