bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of a flexible exercise participation programme (FEPP) for individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Smith Moira , Williams Gavin , Jordan Margaret , Willson Annie , Barker Ruth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIndividuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) want health advice regarding participation in their choice of exercise. To address this need, a flexible exercise participation programme (FEPP) was developed, underpinned by the MS aerobic exercise guidelines and supported by a physiotherapist using behaviour change techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the FEPP for individuals with minimal disability from MS.MethodsA feasibility study utilising a single group pre/post‐intervention design was conducted. The 12‐week FEPP was completed by 10 individuals with MS (EDSS 0–3.5). Exercise progression in duration, intensity or frequency of exercise (in line with MS exercise guidelines) was guided by a self‐perceived weekly energy level score, and weekly telephone coaching sessions using behavioural change techniques. Trial feasibility was assessed via measures of process (recruitment and retention), resources/management (communication time; data entry) and scientific feasibility (safety; compliance). Secondary FEPP feasibility outcomes included the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) T‐score, exercise participation (weekly exercise diary), high‐level mobility (HiMAT), vitality (Subjective Vitality Scale), biomarkers for inflammation (cytokines levels [IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNF and IFNγ]), and acceptability (participant survey).ResultsProcess: In total, 11 (85%) of 13 eligible participants enroled at baseline with 10 (91%) completing the study. Resources/management: Coaching sessions included a baseline interview—mean 39 min (SD: 6.6) and telephone coaching—mean 10 min (SD: 3.8) per week. Outcome measure data collection time—mean 44 min (SD: 2.1). Scientific feasibility: Two participants experienced a fall during their exercise participation. Self‐reported compliance was high (99%). GAS T‐scores increased significantly, indicating achievement of exercise participation goals. Secondary outcomes showed trends towards improvement.DiscussionThe FEPP was feasible, safe and highly acceptable for use with individuals with MS and warrants a larger trial to explore effectiveness.
Variable or variate? A conundrum in pharmacometrics exposure–response models
Authors: Grisic Ana‐Marija , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , French Jonathan , Khandelwal Akash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKey elements of scientific writing—consistency and clarity—can be compromised in case of inaccurate use of methodological terms, especially in complex and multidisciplinary scientific fields. Such is the case in reports of pharmacometrics exposure–response analyses with the use of the terms univariate/multivariate and univariable/multivariable. This perspective outlines the issues in the use of these terms, clarifies their definitions, provides examples, and makes recommendations for authors, reviewers, and journals in the fields of clinical pharmacology and pharmacometrics.
Determination of needs the production of 5 L pet bottles and cost analysis
Authors: Timur Mustafa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany parameters are used in bottle production in pet blow moulding machines. These parameters must be well optimized considering the machine‐related elements and theoretical values. In particular, the use of auxiliary elements at the correct values in the production of pet bottles affects the quality of produced bottles and the efficiency of bottle production. The right choice of equipment is important for the correct and precise planning of production. In this article, the equipment necessary for the production of 5 L pet bottles were identified, and the capacity calculations of this equipment were performed. Then, an up‐to‐date cost calculation was made, and appropriate conditions were created for production with the use of the right equipment in this field. This study was carried out in 2021 in Turkey at the Private Plastic Pet production plant, and cost analysis was performed successfully by determining the appropriate needs regarding the production.
How climate change and insecurity pushed 5 million people to hunger in Chad, Africa
Authors: Musa Shuaibu Saidu , Ela Tchindebe Bouri , Manirambona Emery , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Muhammad Abdulrahman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change and insecurity pose challenges to food security around the globe. Chad has experienced several climate changes and insecurity influences on its food security, where, approximately 5 million people were pushed into hunger in the country. Desertification, flooding, and depletion of freshwater resources have pushed the country into hunger due to their negative effect on agro‐pastoral production in Chad. Insecurity due to the Boko‐Haram insurgency, in particular, has impaired agriculture, which is the mainstay of the country's economy. The influx of refugees from Nigeria and Cameroon has also compounded the hunger in Chad, as the country hosts the largest number of refugees in the region. Leveraging collaboration for climate change and improving security should be a priority for Chad. Increased consideration and action in the region can facilitate focus on climate change action in the region. International and multisectoral collaboration can set the pace for revamping the present security framework. Raising climate change awareness among key stakeholders and building capacity at the national level can help mitigate the impact of climate change on food security in Chad.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Derivatives Bearing Imidazole Ring with Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities
Authors: Ma Bing , Tan Wenqiang , Zhang Jingjing , Mi Yingqi , Miao Qin , Guo Zhanyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, three series of chitosan derivatives bearing imidazole rings, including the Schiff‐bases of chitosan, N‐substituted chitosan, and quaternized chitosan are designed and synthesized. The structures of these chitosan derivatives are verified by FT‐IR and 1H NMR, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities are tested. The Schiff‐bases of chitosan and N‐substituted chitosan have similar biological properties compared with chitosan. Derivatives 2IMTMC, 4IMTMC, MIMTMC, and BIMTMC exhibit significant antioxidant ability and antifungal activity, especially derivative BIMTMC. All the quaternized chitosan remarkably inhibits Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio harvey, especially derivative BIMTMC, whose minimum inhibitory concentration values are 0.03125, 0.0625, and 0.03125 mg mL−1, respectively. The results indicated that quaternized chitosan are synergistic with imidazole groups and have the better antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial properties than chitosan, which can be used as drug materials for antioxididant and antimicrobial purposes.
A social network analysis of actors involved in wild pig (Sus scrofa) management in Missouri
Authors: Ellis Hailey E. , Grady Meredith J. , Jaebker Lauren M. , Bright Alan D. , Carlisle Keith M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWild pigs (Sus scrofa) cause significant damage to agriculture and native ecosystems and can transmit diseases to animals and people. Management responses designed to reduce population numbers are needed to mitigate these threats. Identifying networks of key actors, including the ways in which they interact, is valuable for purposes of better understanding opportunities or constraints that generate or impede effective management responses. The goal of our study was to understand the network of organizations, and the personnel working within them, that were active in wild pig management, research, or policy initiatives in Missouri during 2018–2020 by 1) identifying individuals and organizations involved in the network, 2) investigating the attributes of relevant personnel, 3) determining the structural patterns of the network, and 4) examining how the network structure could be optimized to improve communication and collaboration efforts. Results from a social network analysis identified 150 personnel affiliated with 26 organizations actively working on wild pig issues in Missouri. The network was largely homogenous based on respondents' attributes, had low density, and was relatively fragmented, small, decentralized with few ties per node, and separated with few brokers. We emphasize the importance of understanding the strengths and weaknesses of a network's structure in facilitating effective collective action to manage wild pigs.
Changes in attitudes to awareness of hypoglycaemia during a hypoglycaemia awareness restoration programme are associated with avoidance of further severe hypoglycaemia episodes within 24 months: the A2A in HypoCOMPaSS study
Authors: Sepúlveda Eduardo , Jacob Peter , Poínhos Rui , Carvalho Davide , Vicente Selene G. , Smith Emma L. , Shaw James A. M. , Speight Jane , Choudhary Pratik , de Zoysa Nicole , Amiel Stephanie A. ,   on behalf of the HypoCOMPaSS Study Group
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aims of this study were to assess cognitions relating to hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia before and after the multimodal HypoCOMPaSS intervention, and to determine cognitive predictors of incomplete response (one or more severe hypoglycaemic episodes over 24 months).

Methods
This analysis included 91 adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia who completed the Attitudes to Awareness of Hypoglycaemia (A2A) questionnaire before, 24 weeks and 24 months after the intervention, which comprised a short psycho-educational programme with optimisation of insulin therapy and glucose monitoring.

Results
The age and diabetes duration of the participants were 48±12 and 29±12 years, respectively (mean±SD). At baseline, 91% reported one or more severe hypoglycaemic episodes over the preceding 12 months; this decreased to <20% at 24 weeks and after 24 months (p=0.001). The attitudinal barrier ‘hyperglycaemia avoidance prioritised’ (η2p=0.250, p=0.001) decreased from baseline to 24 weeks, and this decrease was maintained at 24 months (mean±SD=5.3±0.3 vs 4.3±0.3 vs 4.0±0.3). The decrease in ‘asymptomatic hypoglycaemia normalised’ from baseline (η2p=0.113, p=0.045) was significant at 24 weeks (1.5±0.3 vs 0.8±0.2). Predictors of incomplete hypoglycaemia response (one or more further episodes of severe hypoglycaemia) were higher baseline rates of severe hypoglycaemia, higher baseline scores for ‘asymptomatic hypoglycaemia normalised’, reduced change in ‘asymptomatic hypoglycaemia normalised’ scores at 24 weeks, and lower baseline ‘hypoglycaemia concern minimised’ scores (all p<0.05).

Conclusions/interpretation
Participation in the HypoCOMPaSS RCT was associated with improvements in hypoglycaemia-associated cognitions, with ‘hyperglycaemia avoidance prioritised’ most prevalent. Incomplete prevention of subsequent severe hypoglycaemia episodes was associated with persistence of the cognition ‘asymptomatic hypoglycaemia normalised’. Understanding and addressing cognitive barriers to hypoglycaemia avoidance is important in individuals prone to severe hypoglycaemia episodes.

Clinical trials registration
www.isrctn.org: ISRCTN52164803 and https://eudract.ema.europa.eu: EudraCT2009-015396-27.

Graphical abstract
Topical vancomycin powder does not affect patella cartilage degeneration in primary total knee arthroplasty and conversion rate for secondary patella resurfacing
Authors: Jacob Benjamin , Wassilew Georgi , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Brodt Steffen , Matziolis Georg 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Vancomycin powder (VP) is an antibiotic first introduced in pediatric spinal surgery to prevent surgical site infections (SSI). Recently its topical application was expanded to total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA) and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Toxicity to cartilage is the subject of current research. The aim of this study was to prove the hypothesis that topical application of VP in TKA does not result in a degeneration of patella cartilage. We propagate that the conversion rate for secondary patella resurfacing is not influenced by its use.

Materials and methods
Between 2014 and 2021, 4292 joints were included in this monocentric retrospective cohort study. All patients underwent TKA without primary patella resurfacing. After a change of the procedure in the hospital, one group (VPG) was administered VP intraoperatively. The other group (nVPG) received no VP during surgery (nVPG). The remaining perioperative procedure was constant over the investigation period. Conversion rates for secondary patella resurfacing for both groups were determined without making distinctions in the indication. A second cohort was composed of patients presenting for follow-up examination 12 months after TKA and included 210 joints. Retrospective radiographic evaluations were performed preoperatively, before discharge and at follow-up examination. Patella axial radiographs were analyzed for patella tracking (lateral patellar tilt, patellar displacement) and patella degeneration (Sperner classification, patellofemoral joint space).

Results
There was no significant difference in the conversion rate for secondary patella resurfacing (4.24% VPG, 4.97% nVPG). Patella tracking and patella degeneration did not differ significantly between both groups.

Conclusions
The topical application of VP does not influence the conversion rate for secondary patella resurfacing. Moreover, it does not result in a degeneration of patella cartilage in TK.

Level of evidence
Retrospective case series, Level III.
Attentional adjustment in priming tasks: control strategies depend on context
Authors: Tomat Miriam , Wendt Mike , Jacobsen Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGoal-directed behavior is assumed to require processes of attentional biasing to counter unwanted action tendencies elicited by distracting stimulus information. This is particularly so if stimulus categories that define the target and the distractor frequently reverse, requiring participants to respond to previously ignored stimulus categories and vice versa. In the current study, we investigated control strategies under such conditions. Specifically, we assessed trial-to-trial modulation of distractor-interference (i.e., congruency sequence effect, CSE) in a temporal flanker task associated with repetition versus alternation of the assignment of stimulus category (i.e., digits, letters) to targets and distractors (i.e., the character presented second or first, respectively) under conditions of a long SOA of 1000 ms (Experiment 1A) and 1200 ms (Experiment 1B). Whereas previous research, using a shorter SOA, suggested temporal-order control (i.e., the occurrence of a CSE in both repetition and—albeit less pronounced—alternation trials), lengthening the distractor-target SOA resulted in a CSE confined to repetition trials, suggesting strong or exclusive reliance on stimulus categories for attentional control (Experiment 1A and B). Adding a redundant stimulus feature (i.e., color), discriminating targets and distractors, eliminated the difference of CSE patterns in repetition and alternation trials (Experiment 2). Together, our results suggest that the strength of concurrently applied control strategies or the choice of a particular control strategy depend on contextual factors.
Molecular Network Analysis Discloses the Limited Contribution to HIV Transmission for Patients with Late HIV Diagnosis in Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Bin , Song Wei , Kang Mingming , Dong Xue , Li Xin , Wang Lu , Liu Jianmin , Tian Wen , Ding Haibo , Chu Zhenxing , Wang Lin , Qiu Yu , Han Xiaoxu , Shang Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the “treat all” era, the high rate of late HIV diagnosis (LHD) worldwide remains an impediment to ending the HIV epidemic. In this study, we analyzed LHD in newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) and its impact on HIV transmission in Northeast China. Sociodemographic information, baseline clinical data, and plasma samples obtained from all newly diagnosed PLWH in Shenyang, the largest city in Northeast China, between 2016 and 2019 were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with LHD. A molecular network based on the HIV pol gene was constructed to assess the risk of HIV transmission with LHD. A total of 2882 PLWH, including 882 (30.6%) patients with LHD and 1390 (48.2%) patients with non-LHD, were enrolled. The risk factors for LHD were older age (≥ 30 years: p < .01) and diagnosis in the general population through physical examination (p < .0001). Moreover, the molecular network analysis revealed that the clustering rate (p < .0001), the fraction of individuals with ≥ 4 links (p = .0847), and the fraction of individuals linked to recent HIV infection (p < .0001) for LHD were significantly or marginally significantly lower than those recorded for non-LHD. Our study indicates the major risk factors associated with LHD in Shenyang and their limited contribution to HIV transmission, revealing that the peak of HIV transmission of LHD at diagnosis may have been missed. Early detection, diagnosis, and timely intervention for LHD may prevent HIV transmission.
Learning to measure the area of composite shapes
Authors: Lehmann Timothy H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract Learning to calculate the area of composite shapes is an important application of area measurement but evidence suggests that many middle school students struggle to calculate the area of even simple composite shapes. In this article, I report the findings of a classroom design study conducted to investigate the collective development of strategies for measuring the area of composite shapes. I used the theory of strategy choice from an emergent perspective to analyze the collective strategy choice of two Year 8 mathematics classes (n = 31) and the findings revealed that the classes developed a repertoire of strategies to decompose the shapes, measure the area of the constituent shapes, and recompose those areas to calculate total area. The students used their strategies in flexible combinations in response to the varying features of the composite shapes presented and developed justifications to support their emerging adaptive strategy choice.
The spectrum of simplicial volume with fixed fundamental group
Authors: Löh Clara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the spectrum of simplicial volume for closed manifolds with fixed fundamental group and relate the gap problem to rationality questions in bounded (co)homology. In particular, we show that in many cases this spectrum has a gap at zero. For such groups, this leads to corresponding gap results for the minimal volume entropy semi-norm and for the minimal volume entropy in dimension 4.
Spacetime singularities and curvature blow-ups
Authors: Rácz István 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe singularity theorems of Penrose, Hawking, and Geroch predict the existence of incomplete inextendible causal geodesics in a wide range of physically adequate spacetimes modeling the gravitational collapse of stars and the expanding universe. Here, using results on spacetime extensions, it is shown that if a suitable low regular form of the strong cosmic censor hypothesis holds, then parallelly propagated blow-up of either the tidal force or frame-drag part of the curvature must occur in “generic” timelike geodesically incomplete maximal Cauchy developments.
Vestigial structures and variation in the evolution of the marsupial mammal dental development—a study of the woolly opossum Caluromys philander
Authors: McKay Calum J. , Luckett W. Patrick , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe pattern of dental replacement in marsupial mammals has received much attention for its derived nature and potential relationship to the life history of the group. However, few species have been studied thoroughly, and little is known about the embryonic structures and their use in addressing issues of homology and dental evolution in general. We studied a developmental series of ten individuals of pouch young Caluromys philander to thoroughly document dental development with histological sections and 3D models of dental series. We report that the successor P3 arises from a lingual successional lamina from its predecessor dP3. The germs of vestigial, unerupted deciduous incisors and canines are present alongside their respective permanent successors. These discoveries demonstrate significant differences from the developmental patterns reported for Didelphis and Monodelphis and illustrate that an unsuspected diversity of dental ontogeny is not reflected in the adult pattern of mineralised, erupted or almost erupted teeth.
How the Identity of Substance Users Shapes Public Opinion on Opioid Policy
Authors: de Benedictis-Kessner Justin , Hankinson Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow do media portrayals of potential policy beneficiaries’ identities sway public support for these policies in a public health setting? Using a pre-registered vignette experiment, we show that the racial identity of substance users depicted in news media shapes public opinion on policies to address the opioid crisis. People display biases in favor of their own racial identity group that manifest in their support for both treatment-based policies and punitive policies. We show that these biases may be moderated by the type of initial drug used by a substance user and associated levels of perceived blame. Extending theories of group politics, we also assess favoritism based on gender and residential context identities, but find no such biases. These results highlight the continued centrality of race in the formation of policy preferences.
Microplastics Concentrations in Soil Along a Racetrack
Authors: Mengistu Demmelash , Nilsen Vegard , Coutris Claire , Amdal Helena Marie , Heistad Arve 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMotorsport is known for its high tire wear due to speed, cornering, and high acceleration/deceleration activities. However, studies on the generation of microplastics from racetracks are rare. This study aimed at quantifying microplastics concentrations in topsoil (0–5 cm) along a racetrack. The results showed that rubber materials (RM) and tire reinforcement microplastics (TRMP) were deposited in the soil along the racetrack. Concentrations of the two microplastics were affected by the distance from the edge of the racetrack (highest concentrations within 20 cm from the track) and track alignment (highest concentrations at the start/finish area). In addition, a weak correlation was observed between the concentrations of the two microplastics, suggesting the effect of track alignment on the type of microplastics abraded. The results also showed that coarser microplastics (1000–5000 μm) dominate the size distribution of microplastics along a racetrack. The findings of this study may provide racetrack managers with basic information for designing microplastic-controlling solutions. While additional studies are required to map environmental effects and policy measures, our initial results suggest that motorsport is of concern in terms of microplastics release to the environment.