bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existential Investigations into Our Existential Crisis
Authors: Read Rupert , Eastoe Joseph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNow that the opportunity to build back from COVID in an intelligent and thoughtful way has largely passed us by, how do we cope with the existential threat of ecological collapse? We posit that economic concerns have been granted undeserved weight in conversations around climate policy, while the role of philosophy has thus far been an untapped resource of potentially liberating knowledge that can inspire action and a deliberative, collective reconsideration of what parts of society should be valued.
Predator–prey interactions based on drillholes: A case study of turritelline gastropods from the Pleistocene Szekou Formation of Taiwan
Authors: SENAN Ammu S. , HSU Chia-Hsin , LEE Shih-Wei , CHANG Lo-Yu , TSENG Li-Chun , KLOMPMAKER Adiël A. , LIN Jih-Pai 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTDrillholes on shells provide a useful way to investigate prey and predator relationships. The current study documents predator–prey interactions exemplified by a faunal assemblage of the fossil gastropod Turritella cingulifera from the Pleistocene Szekou Formation in Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan. All recognisable skeletal and shell fragments that are larger than 3 mm in size were collected and recorded. Processed bulk sediments (5.24 kg) contained 1462 molluscan shells, including 824 specimens of T. cingulifera, and 27 non-molluscan invertebrates. In the current study, approximately 41.6% (609/1462) of molluscs are drilled with at least one hole. Drilling intensities (DIs) regardless of shell completeness in all gastropods, bivalves and the turritelline gastropod T. cingulifera are 0.546, 0.060 and 0.413, respectively. DI on turritellids is significantly lower than that on other gastropods (χ2= 21.039, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of drillholes that occur in multiply drilled specimens is 34.7% (95/275) for turritelline gastropods based on complete to nearly complete specimens (n = 588). Our study shows no significant preference of drillhole position either on the suture or on the whorl (χ2= 0.055, P = 0.814). Most drillholes are located in whorls two to four proximal to the aperture. Drillhole diameters of the shells with one drillhole and ones with multiple drillholes are 1.0 and 0.5 mm on average, and the results of Mann–Whitney tests indicate that they are significantly different (P < 0.001). The first turritelline gastropod shell with an incomplete drillhole from Taiwan is documented here. The dominant drilling predators were naticids based on the drillhole morphology and the presence of naticids in the same assemblage. No apparent prey size selectivity is observed, so a ‘size refugium’ does not exist for the turritellids in the current study.
Roads and Rules: What Does Infrastructure Reveal about International Law?
Authors: PALMER Emma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfrastructure has been the focus of geopolitically significant regional strategies, including the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Highway. Mega-infrastructure projects are thought to offer crucial stimulus to support economic recovery and “infrastructure diplomacy” efforts. Transportation projects, like roads, are material objects that offer complex questions for international law, most obviously when projects or their impacts cross borders. They are long-term and long-distance, with varying impacts upon closer and further populations and environments across the construction and life of the asset. This article draws on insights from new materialism to analyse what infrastructure's entanglements might suggest about international law. The relationship between international law and transportation infrastructure is contingent. However, there is a pattern to this contingency that foregrounds funding “gaps”, investment protections, and risk assessments, which minimizes intersecting impacts and human/non-human relationships.
Women Leadership in the AGU Chapman Conference Series: Convener Impacts on the Science Program Committee
Authors: Keiling Andreas , Smith‐Keiling Beverly L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScience conferences have increasingly come under a spotlight for inclusion and representation of marginalized groups. Here, we report on our analysis of the representation of women in conference leadership with regard to internal structure and dynamics at the Chapman conference series, spanning a period from 2007 to 2019. Chapman conferences are small, focused meetings in the Earth and space sciences, under the umbrella of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). They follow a two‐leveled scientific leadership model, starting at conference inception by the organizing conveners and their selection of an invited science program committee. Our main findings were: (a) The average women proportion was less for the conveners (17%) than for the Science Program Committee (SPC) (24%), which is in line with the AGU demographics of attrition, assuming a different mix of career stages among conveners and SPC. At the individual conference level, the unfavorable case that convener or SPC teams were comprised only of men was nonetheless frequent. (b) On average, mixed convener teams, as opposed to all‐men convener teams, selected a higher women representation among the SPC members (18% vs. 28%). (c) There were fewer all‐men SPC teams when at least one woman was in the convener team (21% vs. 7%). In conclusion, while there was evidence that equitable representation can be achieved in the leadership, it still lagged in a consistent fashion for individual conferences. Targeted efforts for increased representation–especially at the convener level of the two‐leveled conference model–are recommended, as increased women representation at the convener level may improve women representation of the SPC.
Winter Mixed Layer Restratification Induced by Vertical Eddy Buoyancy Flux in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Li Pusheng , Chen Ruiyi , Gou Ruijian , Pennelly Clark , Luo Yiyong , Myers Paul G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical model studies have shown that the lateral buoyancy transports from eddies restratify the convection region in the Labrador Sea. However, restratification by vertical motion during and after convection has been underestimated. Here we use a model with 1°/60° resolution which can resolve mesoscale and submesoscale motions, and find that negative feedback that includes the generation of vertical eddy buoyancy flux (VEBF) committed to restratify the mixed layer. In winter, VEBF compensates for nearly half of the surface buoyancy loss and is as important as the lateral buoyancy fluxes in the eddy‐rich region, which results in restraining the development of deep convection. During this period, the surge of VEBF was due to seasonally enhanced frontogenesis, mixed layer instability and the interaction between strong surface winds and eddies on a 10‐day timescale. Therefore, well parameterizing VEBF is important in improving the representation of the deep convection in coarse‐grid climate models.
Interplay Between Seismic and Aseismic Deformation on the Central Range Fault During the 2013 Mw 6.3 Ruisui Earthquake (Taiwan)
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Fan , Gualandi Adriano , Hsu Yu‐Fang , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Huang Hsin‐Hua , Lee Hsin‐Ming , Canitano Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe 2013 Ruisui earthquake represents the first unequivocal evidence of the activity of the Central Range fault (CRF) in central Longitudinal Valley, Taiwan. Using a joint Bayesian finite‐fault source inversion of Global Navigation Satellite System and strain time series, we infer that coseismic rupture occurred between 4 and 19 km depth with maximum slip of 0.5 m located near the hypocenter. We then apply a variational Bayesian independent component analysis approach to displacement signals to infer a 3‐months long afterslip located in the near‐source region. This observation represents the first evidence of aseismic slip on the CRF. Combining geodetic and seismological analysis with simulations based on rate‐and‐state friction mechanics, we analyze the interplay between seismic and aseismic deformation during the earthquake sequence. We observe that afterslip is the dominant postseismic deformation mechanism, with >95% of the moment being released aseismically in the postseismic phase and also likely represents the driving force controlling aftershock productivity. Finally, we infer the presence of a shallow velocity strengthening zone (∼0–4 km depth) associated with spatially heterogeneous slip during the postseismic phase with maximum slip of 0.18 m located above the zone of maximum coseismic deformation.
Differential effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on the antibiotic resistomes of diverse river habitats
Authors: Lee Jangwoo , Ju Feng , Beck Karin , Bürgmann Helmut 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key sources of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that could influence the resistomes of microbial communities in various habitats of the receiving river ecosystem. However, it is currently unknown which habitats are most impacted and whether ARGs, like certain chemical contaminants, could be accumulated or enriched in the river ecosystem. We conducted a systematic metagenomic survey on the antibiotic resistomes of WWTP effluent, four riverine habitats (water, suspended particles, sediment, epilithic biofilm), and freshwater amphipod gut microbiomes. The impact of WWTP effluent on the downstream habitats was assessed in nine Swiss rivers. While there were significant differences in resistomes across habitats, the wastewater resistome was more similar to the resistome of receiving river water than to the resistomes of other habitats, and river water was the habitat most strongly impacted by the WWTPs effluent. The sulfonamide, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes were among the most abundant ARGs in the WWTP effluents, and especially aadA, sul1, and class A beta-lactamase genes showed significantly increased abundance in the river water of downstream compared to upstream locations (p &lt; 0.05). However, this was not the case for the sediment, biofilm, and amphipod gut habitats. Accordingly, evidence for accumulation or enrichment of ARGs through the riverine food web was not identified. Our study suggests that monitoring riverine antimicrobial resistance determinants could be conducted using “co-occurrence” of aadA, sul1, and class A beta-lactamase genes as an indicator of wastewater-related pollution and should focus on the water as the most affected habitat.
Clonal dynamics limits detection of selection in tumour xenograft CRISPR/Cas9 screens
Authors: Lee Tet Woo , Hunter Francis W. , Tsai Peter , Print Cristin G. , Wilson William R. , Jamieson Stephen M. F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransplantable in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens, in which cells are edited in vitro and inoculated into mice to form tumours, allow evaluation of gene function in a cancer model that incorporates the multicellular interactions of the tumour microenvironment. To improve our understanding of the key parameters for success with this method, we investigated the choice of cell line, mouse host, tumour harvesting timepoint and guide RNA (gRNA) library size. We found that high gRNA (80–95%) representation was maintained in a HCT116 subline transduced with the GeCKOv2 whole-genome gRNA library and transplanted into NSG mice when tumours were harvested at early (14 d) but not late time points (38–43 d). The decreased representation in older tumours was accompanied by large increases in variance in gRNA read counts, with notable expansion of a small number of random clones in each sample. The variable clonal dynamics resulted in a high level of ‘noise’ that limited the detection of gRNA-based selection. Using simulated datasets derived from our experimental data, we show that considerable reductions in count variance would be achieved with smaller library sizes. Based on our findings, we suggest a pathway to rationally design adequately powered in vivo CRISPR screens for successful evaluation of gene function.
Ultrafine-bubble-water-promoted nanoceramic decoration of metal powders for additive manufacturing
Authors: Dong Mingqi , Zhou Weiwei , Guo Suxia , Nomura Naoyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe design of composite powders for exploiting the multifunctionality of metallic nanocomposites via laser additive manufacturing (AM) is challenging. Conventional ball-milling processes are prone to cause uncontrollable powder morphology and reduced flowability, while recently developed nanodecoration technologies are limited by complicated processing and impurity inclusion. Herein, a facile and scalable approach was developed using ultrafine bubble (UFB)-assisted heteroagglomeration to fabricate high-concentration, impurity-free nanoceramic/metal composite powders. Individual ZrO2 or Al2O3 nanoparticles up to ~10 wt% were homogeneously decorated on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V powders through the bridging effect of the negatively charged UFBs, leading to enhanced flowability and laser absorptivity. The nanoceramics were completely decomposed and dissolved into the matrix upon laser irradiation; therefore, a unique Ti nanocomposite exhibiting both high strength and ductility was obtained. Our work provides new insights into the application of UFBs and the fabrication of multifunctional AM components.
Machine learning the dimension of a Fano variety
Authors: Coates Tom , Kasprzyk Alexander M. , Veneziale Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFano varieties are basic building blocks in geometry – they are ‘atomic pieces’ of mathematical shapes. Recent progress in the classification of Fano varieties involves analysing an invariant called the quantum period. This is a sequence of integers which gives a numerical fingerprint for a Fano variety. It is conjectured that a Fano variety is uniquely determined by its quantum period. If this is true, one should be able to recover geometric properties of a Fano variety directly from its quantum period. We apply machine learning to the question: does the quantum period of X know the dimension of X? Note that there is as yet no theoretical understanding of this. We show that a simple feed-forward neural network can determine the dimension of X with 98% accuracy. Building on this, we establish rigorous asymptotics for the quantum periods of a class of Fano varieties. These asymptotics determine the dimension of X from its quantum period. Our results demonstrate that machine learning can pick out structure from complex mathematical data in situations where we lack theoretical understanding. They also give positive evidence for the conjecture that the quantum period of a Fano variety determines that variety.
North African humid periods over the past 800,000 years
Authors: Armstrong Edward , Tallavaara Miikka , Hopcroft Peter O. , Valdes Paul J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Sahara region has experienced periodic wet periods over the Quaternary and beyond. These North African Humid Periods (NAHPs) are astronomically paced by precession which controls the intensity of the African monsoon system. However, most climate models cannot reconcile the magnitude of these events and so the driving mechanisms remain poorly constrained. Here, we utilise a recently developed version of the HadCM3B coupled climate model that simulates 20 NAHPs over the past 800 kyr which have good agreement with NAHPs identified in proxy data. Our results show that precession determines NAHP pacing, but we identify that their amplitude is strongly linked to eccentricity via its control over ice sheet extent. During glacial periods, enhanced ice-albedo driven cooling suppresses NAHP amplitude at precession minima, when humid conditions would otherwise be expected. This highlights the importance of both precession and eccentricity, and the role of high latitude processes in determining the timing and amplitude of the NAHPs. This may have implications for the out of Africa dispersal of plants and animals throughout the Quaternary.
Understanding the mechanism of red light-induced melatonin biosynthesis facilitates the engineering of melatonin-enriched tomatoes
Authors: Zhang Zixin , Zhang Xin , Chen Yuting , Jiang Wenqian , Zhang Jing , Wang Jiayu , Wu Yanjun , Wang Shouchuang , Yang Xiao , Liu Mingchun , Zhang Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMelatonin is a functionally conserved broad-spectrum physiological regulator found in most biological organisms in nature. Enrichment of tomato fruit with melatonin not only enhances its agronomic traits but also provides extra health benefits. In this study, we elucidate the full melatonin biosynthesis pathway in tomato fruit by identifying biosynthesis-related genes that encode caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 2 (SlCOMT2) and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-methyltransferases 5/7 (SlASMT5/7). We further reveal that red light supplementation significantly enhances the melatonin content in tomato fruit. This induction relies on the “serotonin—N-acetylserotonin—melatonin” biosynthesis route via the SlphyB2-SlPIF4-SlCOMT2 module. Based on the regulatory mechanism, we design a gene-editing strategy to target the binding motif of SlPIF4 in the promoter of SlCOMT2, which significantly enhances the production of melatonin in tomato fruit. Our study provides a good example of how the understanding of plant metabolic pathways responding to environmental factors can guide the engineering of health-promoting foods.
Pre-clinical validation of a pan-cancer CAR-T cell immunotherapy targeting nfP2X7
Authors: Bandara Veronika , Foeng Jade , Gundsambuu Batjargal , Norton Todd S. , Napoli Silvana , McPeake Dylan J. , Tyllis Timona S. , Rohani-Rad Elaheh , Abbott Caitlin , Mills Stuart J. , Tan Lih Y. , Thompson Emma J. , Willet Vasiliki M. , Nikitaras Victoria J. , Zheng Jieren , Comerford Iain , Johnson Adam , Coombs Justin , Oehler Martin K. , Ricciardelli Carmela , Cowin Allison J. , Bonder Claudine S. , Jensen Michael , Sadlon Timothy J. , McColl Shaun R. , Barry Simon C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is a novel treatment that genetically modifies the patients’ own T cells to target and kill malignant cells. However, identification of tumour-specific antigens expressed on multiple solid cancer types, remains a major challenge. P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) is a cell surface expressed ATP gated cation channel, and a dysfunctional version of P2X7, named nfP2X7, has been identified on cancer cells from multiple tissues, while being undetectable on healthy cells. We present a prototype -human CAR-T construct targeting nfP2X7 showing potential antigen-specific cytotoxicity against twelve solid cancer types (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, brain and skin). In xenograft mouse models of breast and prostate cancer, CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 exhibit robust anti-tumour efficacy. These data indicate that nfP2X7 is a suitable immunotherapy target because of its broad expression on human tumours. CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 have potential as a wide-spectrum cancer immunotherapy for solid tumours in humans.
Multi-omic atlas of the parahippocampal gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Coleman Claire , Wang Minghui , Wang Erming , Micallef Courtney , Shao Zhiping , Vicari James M. , Li Yuxin , Yu Kaiwen , Cai Dongming , Peng Junmin , Haroutunian Vahram , Fullard John F. , Bendl Jaroslav , Zhang Bin , Roussos Panos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a projection of 151 million cases by 2050. Previous genetic studies have identified three main genes associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease, however this subtype accounts for less than 5% of total cases. Next-generation sequencing has been well established and holds great promise to assist in the development of novel therapeutics as well as biomarkers to prevent or slow the progression of this devastating disease. Here we present a public resource of functional genomic data from the parahippocampal gyrus of 201 postmortem control, mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and AD individuals from the Mount Sinai brain bank, of which whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were previously published. The genomic data include bulk proteomics and DNA methylation, as well as cell-type-specific RNA-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) data. We have performed extensive preprocessing and quality control, allowing the research community to access and utilize this public resource available on the Synapse platform at https://doi.org/10.7303/syn51180043.2.
Single-step fabrication of fibrous Si/Sn composite nanowire anodes by high-pressure He plasma sputtering for high-capacity Li-ion batteries
Authors: Uchida Giichiro , Masumoto Kodai , Sakakibara Mikito , Ikebe Yumiko , Ono Shinjiro , Koga Kazunori , Kozawa Takahiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo realize high-capacity Si anodes for next-generation Li-ion batteries, Si/Sn nanowires were fabricated in a single-step procedure using He plasma sputtering at a high pressure of 100–500 mTorr without substrate heating. The Si/Sn nanowires consisted of an amorphous Si core and a crystalline Sn shell. Si/Sn composite nanowire films formed a spider-web-like network structure, a rod-like structure, or an aggregated structure of nanowires and nanoparticles depending on the conditions used in the plasma process. Anodes prepared with Si/Sn nanowire films with the spider-web-like network structure and the aggregated structure of nanowires and nanoparticles showed a high Li-storage capacity of 1219 and 977 mAh/g, respectively, for the initial 54 cycles at a C-rate of 0.01, and a capacity of 644 and 580 mAh/g, respectively, after 135 cycles at a C-rate of 0.1. The developed plasma sputtering process enabled us to form a binder-free high-capacity Si/Sn-nanowire anode via a simple single-step procedure.