bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration of Cross-Reacting Idiotypic Specificities in Unrelated Mouse Immunoglobulins
Authors: Pawlak Laura L. , Wang Ai-Lan , Nisonoff Alfred 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Myeloma proteins and populations of antibody molecules from individual donors possess unique antigenic (idiotypic) determinants (1–3). Gell and Kelus (4) first proposed that a given idiotypic specificity is characteristic of a clone of cells, i.e., of cells descended from a common precursor. It has been suggested, however, that certain idiotypic specificities might actually reflect the presence of unique antigenic determinants in certain subgroups of polypeptide chains, selected by the antigen (5). If this were the case nonspecific immunoglobulin populations would be expected to exhibit various idiotypic specificities in low concentrations. The present experiments define upper limits for the concentrations of idiotypic specificities of mouse antihapten antibodies in normal IgG and in mouse antibodies of unrelated specificity.
The antibodies used to elicit antiidiotypic (anti-D)2 antibodies were prepared in strain A/J mice by immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-p-azophenylarsonate or KLH-p-azobenzoate (6). Anti-D antibodies directed to the antihapten antibodies were prepared and were quantified by an indirect precipitation method, as described elsewhere (6).
In Vitro Assay of Cellular Immunity to Tumor-Specific Antigen(s) of Virus-Induced Tumors by Macrophage Migration Inhibition
Authors: Blasecki John W. , Tevethia Satvir S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been well established that transformation of cells by oncogenic DNA viruses leads to the expression of virus-specific antigens, among which are the tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA)4 (1–6). While the immune response to these antigens can be detected in vivo by transplantation rejection (1, 2), the procedure is time-consuming, requires a great deal of material and large numbers of animals and is difficult to quantitate.
Inhibition of macrophage migration has been a useful tool for in vitro studies of delayed hypersensitivity (7). It has been used to study this phenomenon in guinea pigs, rats, mice, hamsters and man (8, 9). Earlier studies with this technique detected reactivity against tuberculin, other microbial antigens, pure protein antigens, viral antigens, and normal tissue alloantigens (8). The test has also been used to measure cellular immunity in mice to antigens associated with Moloney sarcoma virusinduced tumors (10) and spontaneous mammary carcinoma (11), as well as to detect tumor-specific antigens of tumors induced by chemical carcinogens (12–15).
A Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity Rebound Phenomenon Induced by Enhancing Sera
Authors: Debray-Sachs Monique , Soucy Paul E. , Hamburger Jean 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lewis rats were used to study the development of humoral and cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions, as measured against fibroblast colonies of August rats, after (L×A)F1 skin allografts. Unmanipulated Lewis recipients were compared with Lewis recipients having received an enhancing Lewis anti-August serum along with the graft. The development of serum cytotoxicity was barely modified. Lymphoid cell cytotoxicity, on the contrary, was markedly delayed, but this was followed by a late rebound of this cell-mediated cytotoxicity, soon after the disappearance of any detectable serum cytotoxic antibodies.
Anti-C3a, Anti-C3B (Anti-B) and Their Reaction with the Anaphylatoxic Fragment C3a
Authors: Molenaar J. L. , ten Velde A. , Pondman K. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific antisera against the third human complement component (C3) and its fragments (C3a, C3c and C3d) were raised in rabbits.
The reactions of anti-C3B (anti-B) with the anaphylatoxic fragment C3a were investigated by means of line electrophoresis, agglutination inhibition and Prausnitz-Küstner type reactions.
C3a could not absorb anti-C3B antibodies, so C3B (B) determinants could not have been present on C3a and anti-C3a is not identical to anti-C3B.
Anti-C3B antibodies did not react with the fragments C3a, C3b, C3c or C3d. Only with native C3 and activated C3 on the erythrocyte surface were reactions demonstrable.
Anti-p-Azobenzenearsonate Antibody of Restricted Heterogeneity
Authors: Winfield John B. , Mage Rose G. , Alexander Cornelius B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-idiotype antisera were obtained by immunizing allotype-matched rabbits with anti-p-azobenzenearsonate antibody (anti-ars) from an individual rabbit after each of four courses of immunization. These sera were used to study the relationship between anti-ars produced over a span of 33 months. Antibodies of limited heterogeneity produced 21 months apart had very similar idiotypes. Components with related idiotypes were also demonstrated to be present in the more heterogeneous earlier and later antibodies.
Cellular Analysis of Immunosuppression to Synthetic Polypeptide Immunogens Induced by a Murine Leukemia Virus
Authors: Shearer G. M. , Mozes Edna , Haran-Ghera Nechama , Bentwich Zvi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adult SJL/J mice were injected intraperitoneally with a leukemogenic virus (that causes lymphatic leukemia in SJL/J mice) prepared from irradiated syngeneic donors. One month later, the animals were either immunized with the multichain synthetic polypeptide poly(LTyr, LGlu)-polyLPro-polyLLys, abbreviated (T,G)-Pro-L, or were used as donors of spleen, thymus, and/or bone marrow cells in transfer experiments. The virus-treated mice exhibited reduced anti-(T,G)-Pro-L titers compared to the responses of control animals. The immunosuppressive effects of the leukemogenic agent were strain-specific, since a radiation leukemia virus preparation from C57BL/6 mice had no effect in SJL/J animals. The suppressed responses of the virus-treated mice were not affected by injection of either poly adenylic: poly uridylic acid or thioglycolate, although they were abolished by complexing the immunogen to methylated bovine serum albumin.
Results of the transfer experiments indicated that the immunosuppressive effects were expressed at the immunocompetent cell level, and that the virus affected both the thymus- and marrow-derived populations of immunocytes. The immunosuppressive effects on marrow cells independent of any contribution by helper cells of thymic origin were verified with a thymus-independent synthetic polypeptide composed of D amino acids.
Common Enterobacterial Antigen
Authors: Johns Margaret A. , Whiteside R. E. , Baker E. E. , McCabe W. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Common enterobacterial antigen (CA) was isolated from extracts of Salmonella typhosa 0:901 by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and by electrophoresis. Purified CA inhibited passive hemagglutination of erythrocytes coated with crude CA preparations and could be demonstrated in agar gel precipitin reactions. The purified CA preparations failed to sensitize erythrocytes for hemagglutination and were not immunogenic in rabbits. A pyrogenic response was observed with large quantities (250 and 500 µg) of CA. CA was detected in Ra, Rb and Rc mutants of Salmonella minnesota, but not in Rd and Re mutants. Preliminary chemical analyses indicate that carbohydrate is the major constituent of CA but the absence of heptose, phosphate and ketodeoxyoctonate indicate that CA is not related to the inner core of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide.
Resistance of Irradiated F1 Hybrid and Allogeneic Mice to Bone Marrow Grafts of NZB Donors
Authors: Lotzová Eva , Cudkowicz Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Heavily irradiated mice of several inbred and F1 hybrid strains were classified as resistant or susceptible to allogeneic or parental grafts of 106 NZB bone marrow cells depending on the 5-day hemopoietic repopulation of host spleens. Several strains did not support the growth of donor cells despite the total-body irradiation. NZW × NZB F1 mice resisted the growth of as many as 4 × 107 parental cells, the strongest barrier ever observed in mice for marrow transplants. The failures of growth were due to host-anti-graft reactions depressible by pretreatment of recipients with cyclophosphamide or horse anti-mouse thymocyte serum. Analysis of the progeny of two separate backcrosses of F1 mice to NZB indicated that two non-linked autosomal genes controlled resistance. One of these genes was in linkage group IX, 31.42 crossing-over units away from the D end of H-2, specifying or controlling the expression of alloantigen-like components of hemopoietic cells (Hh-gene). The second gene had an epistatic effect, probably by regulating the recognition of, or the reactivity to, Hh-gene products.
Regulation of Lymphocyte Responses in Vitro
Authors: Folch H. , Yoshinaga M. , Waksman B. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Depletion of adherent cells causes decreased synthesis of DNA by normal rat lymph node cells (LNC) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Purified peritoneal (PE) macrophages restore normal reactivity to low doses of PHA but depress the reaction at higher PHA levels or at higher macrophage concentrations (5%). With spleen cells, removal of adherent cells results in a marked increase of the response, and the addition of PE macrophages does not return it to the normal level. Spleen cells also show a clear-cut inhibition of thymidine incorporation at cell concentrations greater than 1 × 106/ml. This “suppressor” effect disappears when adherent cells are removed, resulting in a linear dose-response curve with increasing cells similar to that of LNC. The existence of an adherent suppressor cell distinct from the macrophage is therefore postulated.
Recovery of Large Amounts of Antibody from Immunized Rabbits by Multiple Non-Surgical Exchange Transfusions
Authors: Greenblatt Jay J. , Bernstein David , Bokisch Viktor A. , Kindt Thomas J. , Krause Richard M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A non-surgical blood exchange transfusion technique has been developed to obtain large amounts of antibody from individual rabbits immunized with groups A and C streptococci. Twenty-six of 30 rabbits survived one or more transfusions with blood from matched donors. Total yield of antibody to streptococcal polysaccharides from a single rabbit was between 2 and 21 g. Antibody levels were diminished as much as 90% by an exchange transfusion. Return of antibody levels to 50 to 100% of pre-transfusion levels was observed within 48 to 72 hr. Survival is not impaired by the use of non-matched blood in the transfusion procedure, although for immunologic reasons, matched blood is preferable.
When it is not desirable to transfuse donor blood into the immunized rabbit, plasmaphoresis rather than exchange transfusion was employed. Plasmaphoresis, for example, was used for rabbits that produced high concentrations of 7S and 19S anti-IgG. In this way, possible cross-reactions between the recipient's anti-IgG and the serum IgG of the donor were avoided.
Site of Action of Cortisol in Cellular Immunity
Authors: Weston William L. , Claman Henry N. , Krueger Gerald G. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Cell-mediated immunity reactions involve antigen-sensitive lymphocytes and monocytemacrophages. These reactions are inhibited by cortisol. To elucidate the site of inhibition by cortisol, we used an in vitro test of cellular immunity, the macrophage aggregation factor (MAF) assay. 10-3 M cortisol did not prevent sensitized lymphocytes from manufacturing and releasing MAF, but did prevent nonimmune macrophages from responding to MAF.
The location of inhibition of cortisol in cell-mediated immune responses is between the lymphokine and the monocyte-macrophage.
Antibody-Dependent Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: Role of Lymphocytes Bearing a Receptor for Complement
Authors: Van Boxel John A. , Paul William E. , Frank Michael M. , Green Ira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been shown previously that the destruction of antibody-coated burro erythrocytes in vitro can be caused by lymphoid cells from nonimmune donors. Furthermore, thymus-derived lymphocytes are not required for such lysis. In this report we provide evidence that a subclass of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes bearing a Mg++-independent complement receptor is largely responsible for the cytotoxic activity of mouse spleen cell populations. Thus, removal of complement receptor lymphocytes (CRL) by rosetts formation and subsequent sedimentation by density gradient ultracentrifugation diminishes the lytic activity of the remaining cells. Moreover, recovery and dissociation of these rosettes yields a purified population of CRL which have heightened cytotoxic activity.
Nonetheless, not all CRL are equally active. Thus, although the frequency of CRL in lymph node cell populations is approximately one-half that of spleen cell populations, lymph node cells have very little activity. Furthermore, passage of spleen cells over rayon fiber columns diminishes cytotoxic activity by approximately 75% although the CRL frequency is diminished by only 30%.
In the mouse spleen the cell type primarily involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis therefore appears to be a member of a subset of the complement receptor bearing bone marrow-derived lymphocytes.
Affinity Chromatography of RNA-Containing Preparations of Au Antigen
Authors: Jóźwiak Władysław , Kościelak Jerzy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Presence of RNA in some preparations of Australia antigen has been demonstrated by several groups of investigators (1–3). Evidence was also presented that this RNA was enclosed in a lipid-protein coat which suggested that it was a part of Au particle (1). A direct proof as to the linkage of RNA to Au-specific protein was, however, lacking.
This paper describes experiments on the isolation of Au antigen by affinity chromatography. We showed that Au specific protein always fractionated with RNA which indicated that both were parts of a single structure.
Materials and Methods. Preparations of Australia antigen (Au)1 antigen were obtained from sera of Au-positive blood donors. The sera were centrifuged in 10-ml portions in superspeed 50 MSE ultracentrifuge for 4 hr at 120,000 × G. The bottom layers of four tubes which contained Au antigen were pooled and separated on 2.8- × 100-cm columns loaded with Sephadex G-200 in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 in 0.9% NaCl (PBS).
Cell Surface Antigen Movement: Induction in Hepatoma Cells by Antitumor Antibody
Authors: Leonard Edward J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
After guinea pig hepatoma cells were equilibrated in the cold with rabbit antibody against tumor-specific antigen, and then with fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit serum, incubation at 37°C led to aggregation and possibly to extrusion of the antigen double antibody complex. The aggregation reaction required viable cells and successive equilibration with both antibodies. Antigen reappeared on the cell surface within 4 hr after the antibody-induced loss.
Immunohistologic Studies of Human Lacrimal Gland: Localization of Immunoglobulins, Secretory Component and Lactoferrin
Authors: Franklin Rudolph M. , Kenyon Kenneth R. , Tomasi Thomas B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies of normal human lacrimal glands were performed by utilizing fluorescent antibody and ultrastructural techniques in order to examine immunoglobulin production and localization within the gland, and to investigate mechanisms of transport of these immunoglobulins from the gland.
Throughout the interstitium of each gland, clusters of cells having the morphologic characteristics of plasma cells were evident. Fluorescent antibody staining showed these cells to contain predominantly IgA, with IgG or IgM occasionally present, and IgE only rarely demonstrable. Extracellular IgA staining was seen along basement membranes of acini, between acinar epithelial cells, and occasionally within acinar lumina. IgA was also occasionally seen intracellularly throughout acinar epithelial cells. IgG was diffusely evident throughout the interstitium but appeared particularly concentrated along the acinar basement membranes. Secretory component and lactoferrin were localized to the acinar epithelial cells, and secretory component could also be found in acinar intercellular spaces.
The larger numbers of IgA-containing plasma cells relative to other immunoglobulin-specific plasma cells are consistent with the known proportions of immunoglobulins in tears, and suggest their local production within the lacrimal gland. A secretory mechanism involving intracellular transport of immunoglobulins by acinar epithelial cells is proposed.
Heterogeneity among Rheumatoid Factors for Complement Fixation
Authors: Tesar Joseph T. , Schmid Frank R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complement fixation by rheumatoid factor (RF) was found to vary among 36 individual sera in that, after the quantity of RF had been equalized, those sera with high original RF agglutination titers fixed severalfold the amount of complement than did other sera with low original RF agglutination titers. Thus, not only did high agglutination sera have a greater quantity of RF but also fixed more complement per unit concentration of RF. This phenomenon could not be attributed to differences in the proportion of the various immunoglobulin classes within the RF preparation. When tested on an equal weight basis the IgM-RF fraction paralleled the total mixture of immunoglobulin classes in its ability to fix complement. IgG-RF could not be studied as an isolated fraction due to self-aggregation, but indirect evidence suggested complement-fixing activity. Precipitation of aggregated IgG antigen by RF antibody was greater with strong complement-fixing preparations only in large antigen excess. Since high titered RF sera are associated with vasculitis and other manifestations of severe rheumatoid disease, these data lend support to the view that certain types of RF may act to promote complement dependent inflammation induced by immune complexes.
Local Antibody Response to Poliovaccine in the Human Female Genital Tract
Authors: Ogra Pearay L. , Ogra Swtantarta S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antibody response to poliovirus type I in serum, the nasopharynx, and the secretions of the genital tract was studied in human volunteers after intravaginal, intrauterine, nasopharyngeal, or intramuscular immunization with inactivated poliovaccine. The techniques of radioimmunodiffusion and autoradiography with P32 labeled poliovirus as the antigen were employed to determine antibody activity in the major classes of immunoglobulin in serum and secretions. Intravaginal and intrauterine immunization consistently resulted in the appearance of secretory antibody to poliovirus in the genital tract. The vaginal response was predominantly of γA immunoglobulin, while the response in the uterus was essentially limited to γG immunoglobulin. Intramuscular immunization resulted in a delayed appearance of γG response in the genital tract, which could be correlated with the highest γG antibody titers in the serum. No genital γA response was observed, however, after such immunization. These observations provide evidence for local synthesis of poliovirus antibody in the genital tract, and its implication may be applicable to other genital infections.
Antigen-Induced Depression of DNA Synthesis in Mouse Spleen
Authors: Zatz Marion M. , Goldstein Allan L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Depression of DNA synthesis was demonstrated in mouse spleen after intravenous administration of sheep erythrocytes, Salmonella typhi H antigen, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. This depression was maximal when antigen preceded injection of the DNA precursor IUDR-125I by 6 hr, and varied with the dose of antigen administered. Antigen-induced depression of DNA synthesis was not affected by adrenalectomy, but was abolished 4 weeks after adult thymectomy, and could not be elicited by thymus-independent antigens. The possible mechanisms whereby a labile thymus-derived cell population exhibits a suppressor function in response to antigen are considered.
Lymphoid Cell Dependence of Eosinophil Response to Antigen
Authors: Ponzio Nicholas M. , Speirs Robert S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Priming induced at least two distinct types of memory cells as determined by their capacity after adoptive transfer to elicit secondary type eosinophil or antitoxin responses to a challenging injection of tetanus toxoid. Thymic depletion prevents the formation of both types of memory cells, and injection of thymic cells 1 week before priming restores the capacity of these animals to respond. Memory cells involved in eosinophil responses are formed earlier and become more widely distributed in the blood and lymphatic tissues than do memory cells involved in antitoxin responses. Beginning on or about 6 days after priming and in all periods examined thereafter, eosinophil responses were obtained with cell suspensions of all lymphatic tissues tested. Inflammatory exudates obtained from the peritoneal cavity 7, 11, and 13 days after subcutaneous priming contained cells capable of augmenting the cellular responses but not the secondary type antitoxin responses. Memory cells capable of inducing antitoxin responses were detected in the regional lymph node suspensions 10 days after priming. At 17 days the regional lymph node and, to a lesser extent, other lymph nodes and the spleen induced antitoxin responses. By 30 days all lymphatic tissues tested except the thymus gave good responses.
We discuss the possible role of eosinophils in immunologic reactions and suggest that eosinophils are an integral component of the anamnestic responses to antigen.
Polymerized Ragweed Antigen E
Authors: Patterson Roy , Suszko Irena M. , McIntire Floyd C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Glutaraldehyde treatment of partially purified ragweed AgE was done to provide cross-linked proteins of this material. The ragweed preparation contained a high concentration of antigen E. The glutaraldehyde treatment produced aggregates of ragweed antigen E that were fractionated through Sepharose 6B, 4B and Sephadex G-200 to prepare polymers of two molecular weight ranges, the first approximately 0.2 to 4 million and the second 4 to 20 million. These materials reacted completely with antibody against ragweed antigen E but required higher concentrations to neutralize antibody as the molecular weight of polymerized ragweed increased. The polymerized ragweed did not show antigenic deletion nor were new antigenic determinants definitively shown. The polymerized ragweed was at least as antigenic in animal studies as ragweed antigen E and the polymerized ragweed antigen with a molecular weight range of approximately 0.2 to 4 million showed evidence of possibly greater antigenicity than the monomeric ragweed antigen E.
Polymerized Ragweed Antigen E
Authors: Patterson Roy , Suszko Irena M. , Pruzansky Jacob J. , Zeiss C. Raymond 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Further studies of two polymerized preparations of ragweed antigen containing large amounts of ragweed antigen E were done. The results demonstrated that the rate of absorption of the polymerized materials from skin sites was diminished. The disappearance of the monomer and polymers from the vascular compartment was also different with the monomer appearing most rapidly in the urine, the high molecular weight polymer in the liver and spleen and the lower molecular weight polymer being retained the longest in the circulation. The polymerized ragweed preparations elicited histamine release from human peripheral blood leukocytes but required significantly higher concentrations for the same degree of release. An even larger comparative dose of the polymerized preparations was necessary to elicit cutaneous reactivity. The polymerized ragweed preparations reacted with the neutralized IgE antibody against ragweed antigen E in vitro requiring somewhat different weight ratios of the polymerized forms. The results demonstrate characteristics of these preparations which suggest potential usefulness in immunotherapy of ragweed pollenosis.