bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different cluster-set rest intervals during plyometric-jump training on measures of physical fitness: a randomized trial
Authors: Moghadam Behzad Taaty , Shirvani Hossein , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Martín Eduardo Báez-San , Abdolmohamadi Ali , Bazgir Behzad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe optimal intra-set rest in cluster sets (CLS) plyometric-jump training (PJT) to improve physical fitness remains unclear. Thus, this study compared the effects of PJT with traditional (TRS) vs. CLS structures using different intra-set rests on physical fitness components. Forty- seven recreationally active young men performed 3-5 sets of 10-12 repetitions of upper- and lower-body exercises twice a week for six weeks using different set configurations as the TRS group (no intra-set rest), and the CLS10, CLS20 and CLS30 groups with 10, 20 and 30 s intra-set rest, respectively, while the total rest period (i.e., 180 s) was equated. Testing was carried out 48 h before and after the intervention and the rating of fatigue (ROF) was also assessed 20 min after the first and last session. There was no significant difference in the mean energy intake between groups (p> 0.05). The ANCOVA revealed that all groups showed similar improvements (p< 0.05) in body mass, body mass index, fat-free mass, one repetition maximum (dynamic strength) and repetitions to failure (muscular endurance) in back squat and chest press, handgrip strength, standing long jump, 20 m sprint, and 9-m shuttle run (change of direction speed), whereas the ROF decreases were greater in the CLS20 and CLS30 groups (p< 0.05). Compared to the TRS structure, six weeks of PJT with an intra-set rest of 20 s, or 30 s induced similar improvements in the measures of physical fitness and anthropometrics, with lower exercise-induced fatigue perception.
Prospective phenotyping of CHAMP1 disorder indicates that coding mutations do not act through haploinsufficiency
Authors: Levy Tess , Pichardo Thariana , Silver Hailey , Lerman Bonnie , Zweifach Jessica , Halpern Danielle , Siper Paige M , Kolevzon Alexander , Buxbaum Joseph D 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCHAMP1 disorder is a genetic neurodevelopmental condition caused by mutations in the CHAMP1 gene that result in premature termination codons. The disorder is associated with intellectual disability, medical comorbidities, and dysmorphic features. Deletions of theCHAMP1gene, as part of 13q3 deletion syndrome, have been briefly described with the suggestion of a milder clinical phenotype. To date, no studies have directly assessed differences between individuals with mutations inCHAMP1to those with deletions of the gene. We completed prospective clinical evaluations of 16 individuals with mutations and eight with deletions inCHAMP1. Analyses revealed significantly lower adaptive functioning across all domains assessed (i.e., communication, daily living skills, socialization, and motor skills) in the mutation group. Developmental milestones and medical features further showed difference between groups. The phenotypes associated with mutations, as compared to deletions, indicate likely difference in pathogenesis between groups, where deletions are acting through CHAMP1 haploinsufficiency and mutations are acting through dominant negative or gain of function mechanisms, leading to a more severe clinical phenotype. Understanding this pathogenesis is important to the future of novel therapies for CHAMP1 disorder and illustrates that mechanistic understanding of mutations must be carefully considered prior to treatment development.
Too much information? Asian Americans’ preferences for incidental brain MRI findings
Authors: Kota Karthik , Dawson Alice , Papas Julia , Sotelo Victor , Su Guibin , Li Mei-Ling , Lee Woowon , Estervil Jaunis , Marquez Melissa , Sarkar Shromona , Lopez Lisa Lanza , Hu William T. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONSouth Asian (SA) and East Asian (EA) older adults represent the fastest growing group of Americans at risk for dementia, but their participation in aging and dementia research has been limited. While recruiting healthy SA older adults into a brain health study, we encountered unexpected hesitancy towards structural brain MRI analysis along with some stigmatizing attitudes related to internal locus of control (LoC) for future dementia risks. We hypothesized that support for MRI-related research was influenced by these attitudes as well as one’s own MRI experience, perceived MRI safety, and concerns for one’s own risks for future dementia/stroke.METHODSWe developed a brief cross-sectional survey to assess older adults’ MRI experiences and perceptions, desire to learn of six incidental findings of increasing health implications, and attitudes related to dementia as well as research participation. We recruited a convenience sample of 256 respondents (74% reporting as 50+) from the New Jersey/New York City area to complete the survey, and modeled the proportional odds (P.O.) for pro-research attitudes.RESULTS77 SA and 84 EA respondents were analyzed with 95 non-Asian adults. White (P.O.=2.54, p=0.013) and EA (P.O.=2.14, p=0.019) respondents were both more likely than SA respondents to endorse healthy volunteers’ participation in research, and the difference between White and SA respondents was mediated by the latter’s greater internal LoC for dementia risks. EA respondents had more worries for future dementia/stroke than SA respondents (p=0.006), but still shared SA respondents’ low desire to learn of incidental MRI findings.DISCUSSIONSA and EA older adults had different attitudes towards future dementia/stroke risks, but shared a low desire to learn of incidental MRI findings. A culturally-appropriate protocol to disclose incidental MRI findings may improve SA and EA participation in brain health research.Color printingPlease have figure one and two be in color; figure three is in black and white
TB disease yield from household contact screening of tuberculosis index patients; a cohort study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Jaswal Maria R. , Farooq Saira , Hussain Hamidah , Shah Jinsar , Nasir Kumail , Khalil Ahsan , Khan Hiba , Safdar Nauman , Malik Amyn A. , McQuaid Christopher F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNearly 40% of people affected by TB in Pakistan are not diagnosed each year. Guidelines recommend screening household contacts however, not all index patients or contacts are eligible. Therefore, many contacts who may have TB disease, remain unscreened.We conducted a prospective cohort study under programmatic conditions in Karachi, Pakistan from January 2018 - December 2019, to screen all household contacts of all TB index patients. We disaggregated these according to guidelines into eligible (those with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB or children <5 years) or ineligible (those with clinically diagnosed or extrapulmonary TB ≥5 years) index patients, and eligible (children <5 years or symptomatic individuals) or ineligible (asymptomatic individuals ≥5 years) contacts. We calculated TB disease yields for different groups of index patients and contacts.Out of 39,168 household contacts from 6,362 index patients, 21,035 completed clinical assessments for TB disease, and 416 were diagnosed with all forms TB. Household contacts of clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB patients were 26% more likely to be diagnosed with TB compared to the household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.26 [1.01 – 1.59] p-value:0.03). The yield of TB disease among child contacts (3.4%) was significantly higher than the yield among adult contacts (0.5%) (p-value:<0.001).Broadening TB contact screening guidelines to include clinically diagnosed and extrapulmonary index patients ≥5 years could double the number of patients detected at a similar level of effort.
YouDiagnose Predictive Model Pilot Study to Compare Expert Human vs. Machine Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Misro Aswini , Sharma Vikash , Kadoglou Naim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractYouDiagnose carried out a pilot study that seeks to compare the accuracy of expert human predictions with those made by a predictive model. Specifically, this study will analyse the prediction of diseases, cancer risk and the care need of patients being admitted or referred to the specialist service. The doctor was provided with a set of patient data, e.g., patient ID 9001 to 9050. The pilot consisted of 2 parts 1. Clinical prediction and 2. Model validation. In the first part, the doctor had to read the information in the clinical vignette and had to select one of the predetermined choices for the best clinical prediction (DP-1, DP-2, DP-3). Afterwards, he/she was asked to validate the model’s predictions (MP-1, MP-2, MP-3) and recommendations (R-1, R-2, R-3) for the same case.The study shows that MP has higher total accuracy (82.8%) compared to DP (50.6%). In predicting cancer, the MP method has higher sensitivity (100.0%) and positive predictive value (38.5%) compared to the DP method (90.0% sensitivity and 30.0% positive predictive value). The MP method also has higher specificity (78.9%) compared to the DP method (72.7%). Both methods have high negative predictive values (98.2% for DP and 100.0% for MP) with a p-value of 0.3705.The results of the current pilot study demonstrate the model’s potential, while also highlighting areas where further testing is needed in order to increase user confidence and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Such testing could provide invaluable insights into how to maximize the value of the system in offering better frontline screening solutions e.g., triaging, clinical decision support, risk-based clinic booking system etc.
Reanalysis of cluster randomised trial data to account for exposure misclassification using a per-protocol and complier-restricted approach
Authors: Dufault Suzanne M. , Tanamas Stephanie K. , Indriani Citra , Ahmad Riris Andono , Utarini Adi , Jewell Nicholas P. , Simmons Cameron P. , Anders Katherine L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of the ApplyingWolbachiato Eliminate Dengue (AWED) trial estimated a protective efficacy of 77.1% for participants resident in areas randomised to receive releases ofwMel-infectedAedes aegyptimosquitoes, an emerging dengue preventive intervention. The limiting assumptions of ITT analyses in cluster randomised trials and the mobility of mosquitoes and humans across cluster boundaries indicate the primary analysis is likely to underestimate the full public health benefit. Using spatiotemporally-resolved data on the distribution ofWolbachiamosquitoes and on the mobility of AWED participants (n = 6,306), we perform complier-restricted and per-protocol re-examinations of the efficacy of theWolbachiaintervention. Increased intervention efficacy was estimated in all analyses by the refined exposure measures. The complier-restricted analysis returned an estimated efficacy of 80.7% (95% CI: 65.9, 89.0) and the per-protocol analysis estimated 82.7% (71.7, 88.4) efficacy when comparing participants with an estimatedwMel exposure of≥80% compared to those with<20%. These reanalyses demonstrate how human and mosquito movement can lead to underestimation of intervention effects in trials of vector interventions and indicate that the protective efficacy ofWolbachiais even higher than reported in the primary trial results.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sarcopenia - a Prospective Single Center Cohort Study of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Schietzel Simeon , Moor Matthias B. , Roos Flurina , Stalder Odile , Aeberli Daniel 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe individual and socioeconomic burden of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is most relevant. However, longitudinal cohort data are scarce.MethodsProspective, single-center, controlled, observational cohort study of consecutive 124 postmenopausal women, 53 with RA, 71 healthy controls (HC). Low muscle mass and low muscle strengths was defined according to the European working group on sarcopenia in older people 2019 (appendicular lean mass index [ALMI] via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry < 5.5 Kg/m2; handgrip strength via dynamometer < 16 Kg). Linear regression models were calculated including demographic and anthropometric data, comorbidities, and co-medication as confounders.ResultsMedian age was 63 (IQR 56, 70), follow-up 2.1 (IQR 2.0, 5.3) years. At baseline, median ALMI was 6.2 (IQR 6.0, 6.5) Kg/m2in RA patients, 6.3 (IQR 5.6, 6.9) Kg/m2in HC (p = 0.64) with no difference in rates of low muscle mass (RA 16.2 % vs. HC 15.1 %). In the fully adjusted model, mean change in ALMI per year was -0.05 (95%CI -0.10 to -0.01) Kg/m2in RA patients and 0.00 (95%CI -0.02 to 0.03) Kg/m2in HC resulting in a differential loss of -0.06 (95%CI -0.11 to -0.01) Kg/m2per year (p = 0.027). For RA patients, the adjusted OR of experiencing any loss of muscle mass was 3.98 (95%CI 1.47 to 10.77) compared to HC (p = 0.007). On average, RA patients lost 0.78 % of muscle mass per year. At baseline, low grip strength was seen in 27.3 % of RA patients and in 2.9 % of HC (p = 0.002). In both groups, grip strength did not decline during study period. TNFα inhibitors were associated with less, T-cell inhibition with greater loss of muscle mass. Low mass at baseline, disease duration and disease activity were not associated with loss of muscle mass.ConclusionPostmenopausal women with RA have a significant risk of accelerated loss of muscle mass over time.
Antenatal care coverage in a low-resource setting: estimations from the Birhan Cohort
Authors: Pons-Duran Clara , Bekele Delayehu , Haneuse Sebastien , Hunegnaw Bezawit Mesfin , Alemu Kassahun , Kassa Munir , Berhan Yifru , Goddard Frederick G.B. , Taddesse Lisanu , Chan Grace J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntenatal care (ANC) coverage estimates commonly rely on self-reported data, which may carry biases. Leveraging prospectively collected longitudinal data, this study aimed to estimate the coverage of ANC, minimizing assumptions and biases due to self-reported information and describing retention patterns in ANC in rural Amhara, Ethiopia. This is a cohort study using data from the Birhan Health and Demographic Surveillance System and its nested pregnancy and birth cohort, the Birhan Cohort. The study population were women enrolled and followed during pregnancy between December 2018 and April 2020. ANC visits were measured by prospective facility chart abstraction and self-report at enrollment. The primary study outcomes were the total number of ANC visits attended during pregnancy and the coverage of at least one, four and eight ANC visits. Additionally, we estimated ANC retention patterns.We included 2069 women, of which 150 (7.2%) women enrolled <13 weeks of gestation with complete prospective facility reporting. Among 150 women, ANC coverage of at least one visit was 97.3%, whereas coverage of four visits or more was 34.0%. Among all women, coverage of one ANC visit was 92.3%, while coverage of four or more visits was 28.8%. No women were found to have attended eight or more ANC visits. On retention in care, 70.3% of participants who had an ANC visit between weeks 28 and <36 of gestation did not return for a subsequent visit. Despite the high proportion of pregnant women who accessed ANC at least once in our study area, the coverage of four visits remains low. Further efforts are needed to enhance access to more ANC visits, retain women in care, and adhere to the most recent National ANC guideline. It is essential to identify the factors that lead a large proportion of women to discontinue ANC follow-up.
Atrial fibrillation in adult congenital heart disease in Asia
Authors: Chiu Shuenn-Nan , Tseng Wei-Chieh , Lu Chun-Wei , Lin Ming-Tai , Chen Chun-An , Wang Jou-Kou , Wu Mei-Hwan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionWith the improvement of long-term survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), complications such as atrial fibrillation (AF) have become a concern. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology data and risk factors of AF in adult CHD (ACHD) patients and evaluate the impact of AF on late outcomes using a large ACHD cohort in Asia.MethodThis study enrolled all CHD patients older than 18 years of age diagnosed with CHD at National Taiwan University Hospital between 2007 and 2018. Data on patients’ clinical characteristics, electrocardiogram, Holter reports, and follow-up information were collected. AF status was classified as sustained AF, paroxysmal AF, or intra-atrial reentry tachycardia (IART). CHD was categorized as simple, severe, or complex CHD (single ventricle). Primary endpoint was defined as cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) or death.ResultThe study included 4403 patients (55.9% women), with 16.4% having severe and 2.9% having complex CHD. The cumulative incidence of AF was 6.9% (54.8% paroxysmal AF, 26.9% sustained AF, and 18.4% IART), which is comparable to the Western countries. The incidence increased with age and was higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH, 27%), complex CHD (12.7%), and metabolic syndrome. The mean onset age of IART, paroxysmal, and sustained AF was 35.7±15.8, 48.4±19.3, and 56.9±14.2 years, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that male sex, PH, and severe and complex CHD were the most critical risk factors for AF (odds ratio 1.67, 1.91, 3.55, and 12.6, respectively). The 70-year CVA-free survival rate was 67.1% in patients with AF (vs. 80.5% in those without AF, p<0.001). However, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified male sex, PH, severe and complex CHD, and genetic syndrome as the most significant risk factors of the primary endpoint (odds ratio 1.76, 3.38, 2.62 and 19.3, and 8.91, respectively).ConclusionsThis large ACHD cohort showed a high cumulative incidence of AF, similar to the Western countries, which increased with age, PH, and CHD severity. CVA-free survival was more closely associated with these factors than with AF.
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Codes for Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) Have Variable and Limited Accuracy for Detecting CHD Cases
Authors: Ivey Lindsey C. , Rodriguez Fred H. , Shi Haoming , Chong Cohen , Chen Joy , Raskind-Hood Cheryl , Downing Karrie F. , Farr Sherry L. , Book Wendy M. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdministrative data permits analysis of large cohorts but relies on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD) codes that may not reflect true congenital heart defects (CHD).Methods1497 cases with at least one encounter between 1/1/2010 – 12/31/2019 in two healthcare systems (one adult, one pediatric) identified by at least one of 87 ICD CHD codes were validated through chart review for the presence of CHD and CHD anatomic group.ResultsInter- and intra-observer reliability averaged > 95%. Positive predictive value (PPV) of ICD codes for CHD was 68.1% (1020/1497) overall, 94.6% (123/130) for cases identified in both healthcare systems, 95.8% (249/260) for severe codes, 52.6% (370/703) for shunt codes, 75.9% (243/320) for valve codes, 73.5% (119/162) for shunt and valve codes, and 75.0% (39/52) for “Other CHD” (7 ICD codes). PPV for cases with >1 unique CHD code was 85.4% (503/589) vs. 56.3% (498/884) for one CHD code. Of cases with secundum atrial septal defect ICD codes 745.5/Q21.1 in isolation, 30.9% (123/398) had a confirmed CHD. Patent foramen ovale was present in 66.2% (316/477) of false positives (FP). The median number of unique CHD-coded encounters was higher for true positives (TP) than FP (2.0; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0-3.0 vs 1.0; IQR:1.0-1.0, respectively, p<0.0001). TP had younger mean age at first encounter with a CHD code than FP (22.4 years vs 26.3 years, p=0.0017).ConclusionPPV of CHD ICD codes varies by characteristics for detection of CHD by ICD code and anatomic grouping. While an ICD code for severe CHD and/or the presence of a case in more than one data source, regardless of anatomic group, is associated with higher PPV for CHD, most TP cases did not have these characteristics. The development of algorithms to improve accuracy may improve administrative data for CHD surveillance.
Analytical validation of the PROphet test for treatment decision-making guidance in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yellin Ben , Lahav Coren , Sela Itamar , Yahalom Galit , Shoval Shani Raveh , Elon Yehonatan , Fuller James , Harel Michal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe blood proteome, consisting of thousands of proteins engaged in various biological processes, acts as a valuable source of potential biomarkers for various medical applications. PROphet is a plasma proteomics-based test that serves as a decision-support tool for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PROphet combines proteomic profiling using the SomaScan technology and subsequent computational algorithm. PROphet was implemented as a laboratory developed test (LDT). Under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA) regulations, prior to releasing patient test results, a clinical laboratory located in the United States that employs an LDT must examine the performance characteristics concerning analytical validity. This study describes the experimental and computational analytical validity of the PROphet test, as required by CLIA/COLA. Experimental precision analysis displayed a median coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.9% and 4.7% for intra-plate and inter-plate examination, respectively, and the median accuracy rate between sites was 88%. Computational precision exhibited a high accuracy rate, with 93% of samples displaying complete concordance in results. A cross-platform comparison between SomaScan and other proteomics platforms yielded a median Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.51, affirming the consistency and reliability of the SomaScan platform. Our study presents a robust framework for evaluating the analytical validity of a platform that combines an experimental assay with subsequent computational algorithms. When applied to the PROphet test, strong analytical performance of the test was demonstrated.
Hormone Receptor Expression and Disease Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dodds Leah V. , Sanchez-Covarrubias Alex P , Sowamber Ramlogan , Milea Anca , Pinto Andre , Ban Yuguang , Schlumbrecht Matthew , Shaw Patricia A , George Sophia HL 
Published: April 2023

SummaryER and PR regulate growth and differentiation in normal ovaries and fallopian tubes and in HGSC transformation and progression. Higher PR expression was associated with improved survival outcomes, while high ER expression was associated with worse survival in patients with HGSC. Here, we show that patients with ER+PR+ tumors have longer overall survival and confirm the role of PR as a prognostic marker of survival and response to chemotherapy. Gene expression analysis demonstrated up-regulation of the ATM signaling pathway in the ER+PR+ subgroup when compared to ER+PR− tumors. Up-regulation of interferon alpha, beta and gamma signaling, and antigen presentation pathways were identified in ER+PR− compared to ER−PR+. In summary, this study elucidated that the genomic and transcriptomic signatures related to ER/PR status in HGSC have clinical prognostic value.