bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient Air Quality Standards and Policies in Eastern Mediterranean Countries: A Review
Authors: Faridi Sasan , Krzyzanowski Michal , Cohen Aaron J. , Malkawi Mazen , Moh’d Safi Heba Adel , Yousefian Fatemeh , Azimi Faramarz , Naddafi Kazem , Momeniha Fatemeh , Niazi Sadegh , Amini Heresh , Künzli Nino , Shamsipour Mansour , Mokammel Adel , Roostaei Vahid , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) are critical tools for controlling air pollution and protecting public health. We designed this study to 1) gather the NAAQS for six classical air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, 2) compare those with the updated World Health Organizations Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQGs 2021), 3) estimate the potential health benefits of achieving annual PM2.5 NAAQS and WHO AQGs per country, and 4) gather the information on air quality policies and action plans in the EMR countries.Methods: To gather information on the NAAQS, we searched several bibliographic databases, hand-searched the relevant papers and reports, and analysed unpublished data on NAAQS in the EMR countries reported from these countries to the WHO/Regional office of the Eastern Mediterranean/Climate Change, Health and Environment Unit (WHO/EMR/CHE). To estimate the potential health benefits of reaching the NAAQS and AQG levels for PM2.5, we used the average of ambient PM2.5 exposures in the 22 EMR countries in 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset and AirQ+ software.Results: Almost all of the EMR countries have national ambient air quality standards for the critical air pollutants except Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen. However, the current standards for PM2.5 are up to 10 times higher than the current health-based WHO AQGs. The standards for other considered pollutants exceed AQGs as well. We estimated that the reduction of annual mean PM2.5 exposure level to the AQG level (5 μg m−3) would be associated with a decrease of all natural-cause mortality in adults (age 30+) by 16.9%–42.1% in various EMR countries. All countries would even benefit from the achievement of the Interim Target-2 (25 μg m−3) for annual mean PM2.5: it would reduce all-cause mortality by 3%–37.5%. Less than half of the countries in the Region reported having policies relevant to air quality management, in particular addressing pollution related to sand and desert storms (SDS) such as enhancing the implementation of sustainable land management practices, taking measures to prevent and control the main factors of SDS, and developing early warning systems as tools to combat SDS. Few countries conduct studies on the health effects of air pollution or on a contribution of SDS to pollution levels. Information from air quality monitoring is available for 13 out of the 22 EMR countries.Conclusion: Improvement of air quality management, including international collaboration and prioritization of SDS, supported by an update (or establishment) of NAAQSs and enhanced air quality monitoring are essential elements for reduction of air pollution and its health effects in the EMR.
Effect of Traditional Spices on the Quality and Antioxidant Potential of Paneer Prepared from Buffalo Milk
Authors: Qureshi Tahir Mahmood , Nadeem Muhammad , Iftikhar Javeria , Salim-ur-Rehman  , Ibrahim Sobhy M. , Majeed Faizan , Sultan Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different spices (black pepper, cumin, clove, nigella, cardamom, and cinnamon) on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial quality, as well as antioxidant potential, of paneer during storage. Different types of spices were incorporated into the paneer at different levels (0.2 and 0.3%). In addition to paneer, the antioxidant potential of spices was also investigated. The results concerning total plate counts (TPC) or yeast and molds (Y & M) (log10 CFU/g) of all treatments were substantially (p < 0.05) increased during storage. Generally, all freshly prepared spicy paneer and control had higher sensory scores for all the sensory characteristics which declined during subsequent storage. All the paneer samples having 0.3% spices showed very slight variations (nonsignificant) in sensory score of all the attributes of their relative samples containing 0.2% spice. The incorporation of spices into the paneer matrix also showed promising results concerning all the above-mentioned attributes revealing antioxidant potential. There was significant (p < 0.05) effect of treatments and storage days on antioxidant potential of paneer. The freshly prepared control paneer (P0) showed the lowest total phenol (TP), total flavonoids (TF), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power (RP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values compared to all the spicy paneer (treatments). The freshly prepared control paneer (P0) showed the lowest antioxidant potential compared to all the spicy paneer (treatments). The maximum antioxidant potential was observed in the paneer having 0.3% clove (P6). All the spicy paneer showed increasing trend of all the attributes, showing antioxidant potential up to 6 days of storage, but afterwards, the activities were slightly decreased. It may be concluded that spicy paneer would be considered as a functional dairy product with enhanced sensory and antioxidant properties, and shelf stability.
DnFCA Isoforms Cooperatively Regulate Temperature-Related Flowering in Dendrobium nobile
Authors: Pan Ting , Deng Ning-Meng , Guo Wu-Xia , Wan Min-Zhen , Zheng Yan-Tong , Chen Song-Yi , Liu Chuan-Liang , Li Hong-Bo , Liang Shan 
Published: February 2023

Timely flowering is a determinative trait for many economically valuable species in the Dendrobium genus of the Orchidaceae family, some of which are used for ornamental and medicinal purposes. D. nobile, a representative species of nobile-type Dendrobium, normally flowers in spring after exposure to sufficient low temperatures in winter. However, flowering can be stopped or disrupted by the untimely application of high temperatures. Little is known about the regulation and the mechanisms behind this switch. In this study, we report two isoforms from the KFK09_017173 locus of the D. nobile genome, named DnFCAγ and DnFCAβ, respectively, that cooperatively regulate flowering in D. nobile. These two isoforms are generated by alternative 3′ polyadenylation of DnFCA (FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS C in D. nobile) pre-mRNA and contain a distinct 3′-terminus. Both can partially rescue late flowering in the Arabidopsis fca-1 mutant, while in wild-type Arabidopsis, they tend to delay the flowering time. When introduced into the detached axillary buds or young seedlings of D. nobile, both were able to induce the transcription of DnAGL19 (AGAMOUS LIKE 19 in D. nobile) in seedlings, whereas only DnFCAγ was able to suppress the transcription of DnAPL1 (AP1-LIKE 1 in D. nobile) in axillary buds. Furthermore, the time-course change of DnFCAγ accumulation was opposite to that of DnAPL1 in axillary buds, which was remarkable under low temperatures and within a short time after the application of high temperatures, supporting the suggestion that the expression of DnAPL1 can be inhibited by a high accumulation of DnFCAγ in floral buds. In leaves, the accumulation of DnFCAβ was in accordance with that of DnAGL19 and DnFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T in D. nobile) to a large extent, suggesting the activation of the DnAGL19–DnFT pathway by DnFCAβ. Taken together, these results suggest that the DnFCAγ–DnAPL1 pathway in axillary buds and the DnFCAβ–DnAGL19 pathway in the leaves cooperatively promote flowering under low temperatures. The long-term and constant, or untimely, application of high temperatures leads to the constitutive suppression of DnAPL1 by a high level of DnFCAγ in axillary buds, which consequently delays floral development.
Root Metabolism and Effects of Root Exudates on the Growth of Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium moniliforme Were Significantly Different between the Two Genotypes of Peanuts
Authors: Li Zhong , Guo Wenfeng , Mo Changming , Tang Ronghua , He Liangqiong , Du Lin , Li Ming , Wu Haining , Tang Xiumei , Huang Zhipeng , Wu Xingjian 
Published: February 2023

Wild peanut species Arachis correntina (A. correntina) had a higher continuous cropping tolerance than peanut cultivars, closely correlating with the regulatory effects of its root exudates on soil microorganisms. To reveal the resistance mechanism of A. correntina to pathogens, we adopted transcriptomic and metabolomics approaches to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between A. correntina and peanut cultivar Guihua85 (GH85) under hydroponic conditions. Interaction experiments of peanut root exudates with Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) and Fusarium moniliforme (F. moniliforme) were carried out in this study. The result of transcriptome and metabolomics association analysis showed that there were fewer up-regulated DEGs and DEMs in A. correntina compared with GH85, which were closely associated with the metabolism of amino acids and phenolic acids. Root exudates of GH85 had stronger effects on promoting the growth of R. solanacearum and F. moniliforme than those of A. correntina under 1 and 5 percent volume (1% and 5%) of root exudates treatments. Thirty percent volume (30%) of A. correntina and GH85 root exudates significantly inhibited the growth of two pathogens. The exogenous amino acids and phenolic acids influenced R. solanacearum and F. moniliforme showing concentration effects from growth promotion to inhibition as with the root exudates. In conclusion, the greater resilience of A. correntina) to changes in metabolic pathways for amino acids and phenolic acids might aid in the repression of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Analyses of the CsDGAT Gene Family in Cannabis sativa L. and Their Response to Cold Treatment
Authors: Yan Bowei , Chang Chuanyi , Gu Yingnan , Zheng Nan , Fang Yuyan , Zhang Ming , Wang Guijiang , Zhang Liguo 
Published: February 2023

Hempseed is a nutrient-rich natural resource, and high levels of hempseed oil accumulate within hemp seeds, consisting primarily of different triglycerides. Members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme family play critical roles in catalyzing triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants, often governing the rate-limiting step in this process. As such, this study was designed to characterize the Cannabis sativa DGAT (CsDGAT) gene family in detail. Genomic analyses of the C. sativa revealed 10 candidate DGAT genes that were classified into four families (DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3, WS/DGAT) based on the features of different isoforms. Members of the CsDGAT family were found to be associated with large numbers of cis-acting promoter elements, including plant response elements, plant hormone response elements, light response elements, and stress response elements, suggesting roles for these genes in key processes such as development, environmental adaptation, and abiotic stress responses. Profiling of these genes in various tissues and varieties revealed varying spatial patterns of CsDGAT expression dynamics and differences in expression among C. sativa varieties, suggesting that the members of this gene family likely play distinct functional regulatory functions CsDGAT genes were upregulated in response to cold stress, and significant differences in the mode of regulation were observed when comparing roots and leaves, indicating that CsDGAT genes may play positive roles as regulators of cold responses in hemp while also playing distinct roles in shaping the responses of different parts of hemp seedlings to cold exposure. These data provide a robust basis for further functional studies of this gene family, supporting future efforts to screen the significance of CsDGAT candidate genes to validate their functions to improve hempseed oil composition.
Crustin Defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection by Regulating Intestinal Microbial Balance in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Lv Xinjia , Li Shihao , Yu Yang , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Fuhua 
Published: February 2023

Crustins are a kind of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exist in crustaceans. Some crustins do not have direct antimicrobial activity but exhibit in vivo defense functions against Vibrio. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. Here, the regulatory mechanism was partially revealed along with the characterization of the immune function of a type I crustin, LvCrustin I-2, from Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCrustin I-2 was mainly detected in hemocytes, intestines and gills and was apparently up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Although the recombinant LvCrustin I-2 protein possessed neither antibacterial activity nor agglutinating activity, the knockdown of LvCrustin I-2 accelerated the in vivo proliferation of V. parahaemolyticus. Microbiome analysis showed that the balance of intestinal microbiota was impaired after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. Further transcriptome analysis showed that the intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function were impaired in shrimp after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. After removing the intestinal bacteria via antibiotic treatment, the phenomenon of impaired intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function disappeared in shrimp after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. This indicated that the impairment of the shrimp intestine after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown was caused by the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The present data suggest that crustins could resist pathogen infection through regulating the intestinal microbiota balance, which provides new insights into the functional mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides during pathogen infection.
The Anti-Listeria Activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolated from the Horticultural Environment in New Zealand
Authors: Mohan Vathsala , Wibisono Reginald , Chalke Saili , Fletcher Graham , Leroi Françoise 
Published: February 2023

Beneficial bacteria with antibacterial properties are attractive alternatives to chemical-based antibacterial or bactericidal agents. Our study sourced such bacteria from horticultural produce and environments to explore the mechanisms of their antimicrobial properties. Five strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens were studied that possessed antibacterial activity against the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The vegetative culture of these strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens-PFR46I06, Pseudomonas fluorescens-PFR46H06, Pseudomonas fluorescens-PFR46H07, Pseudomonas fluorescens-PFR46H08 and Pseudomonas fluorescens-PFR46H09) were tested against Listeria monocytogenes (n = 31), Listeria seeligeri (n = 1) and Listeria innocua (n = 1) isolated from seafood and horticultural sources and from clinical cases (n = 2) using solid media coculture and liquid media coculture. All Listeria strains were inhibited by all strains of P. fluorescens; however, P. fluorescens-PFR46H07, P. fluorescens-PFR46H08 and P. fluorescens-PFR46H09 on solid media showed good inhibition, with average zones of inhibition of 14.8 mm, 15.1 mm and 18.2 mm, respectively, and the other two strains and P. fluorescens-PFR46H09 had a significantly greater zone of inhibition than the others (p < 0.05). There was no inhibition observed in liquid media coculture or in P. fluorescens culture supernatants against Listeria spp. by any of the P. fluorescens strains. Therefore, we hypothesized that the structural apparatus that causes cell-to-cell contact may play a role in the ejection of ant-listeria molecules on solid media to inhibit Listeria isolates, and we investigated the structural protein differences using whole-cell lysate proteomics. We paid special attention to the type VI secretion system (TSS-T6SS) for the transfer of effector proteins or bacteriocins. We found significant differences in the peptide profiles and protein summaries between these isolates’ lysates, and PFR46H06 and PFR46H07 possessed the fewest secretion system structural proteins (12 and 11, respectively), while PFR46H08 and PFR46H09 had 18 each. P. fluorescens-PFR46H09, which showed the highest antimicrobial effect, had nine tss-T6SS structural proteins compared to only four in the other three strains.
Essential Oil Composition of Seven Bulgarian Hypericum Species and Its Potential as a Biopesticide
Authors: Semerdjieva Ivanka , Zheljazkov Valtcho D. , Dincheva Ivayla , Piperkova Neshka , Maneva Vasilina , Cantrell Charles L. , Astatkie Tess , Stoyanova Albena , Ivanova Tanya 
Published: February 2023

Hypericum species and especially H. perforatum L. are well known for their therapeutic applications. The present study assessed the essential oil (EO) composition, and antifungal and aphid suppression activity of seven Bulgarian Hypericum species. The EOs were analyzed by GC–MS–FID. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, H. perforatum, H. maculatum, and H. hirsutum were used. Additionally, the EO composition of H. perforatum extracted via hydrodistillation (ClevA) and via commercial steam distillation (Com) were compared. The second experiment compared the EOs of H. perforatum, H. cerastoides, H. rumeliacum, H. montbretii, and H. calycinum (flowers and leaves) extracted via hydrodistillation and collected with n-hexane. Overall, the EO constituents belonged to four classes, namely alkanes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. The main class for compounds in H. maculatum and H. perforatum (section Hypericum) were sesquiterpenes for both experiments except for H. perforatum (Com). Hypericum montbretii (section Drosocarpium) EO had monoterpenes (38.09%) and sesquiterpenes (37.09%) as major groups, while H. hirsutum EO (section Taeniocarpium) contained predominately alkanes (67.19%). Hypericum hirsutum EO contained cedrol (5.04%), found for the first time in Hypericum species. Fatty acids were the main compounds in H. cerastoides (section Campylopus), while monoterpenes were the most abundant class in H. rumeliacum and H. calycinum EOs. α-Pinene and germacrene D were the major EO constituents of all analyzed Hypericum species except for H. hirsutum and H. cerastoides. Hypericum perforatum EO (Com) had significant repellent and insecticidal activity against two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (Bird Cherry-oat aphid) and Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5%. The tested EOs did not show significant activity against selected economically important agricultural fungal pathogens Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Aspergillus sp. The EO of the Hypericum species found in the Bulgarian flora could be utilized for the development of new biopesticides for aphid control.
ANALISIS PERMASALAHAN DALAM PENGGUNAAN PLATFORM SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI: STUDI KASUS PADA SMA NEGERI 1 TARAKAN
Authors: Afiah Rani Rizqi , Abrori Fadhlan Muchlas , Wijarini Fitri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the problems in using the platform as a medium for learning biology for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Tarakan. The research method uses a qualitative approach with an explanatory case study type of research. The research subjects were 59 students of SMA Negeri 1 Tarakan class X MIPA. The data was obtained from the results of online interviews using the zoom meeting platform. The results obtained in the communication aspect 39 students said they had problems, in the media aspect in the form of design 18 students said they had problems, in the media aspect in the form of effectiveness 19 students said they had problems, in the content aspect 18 students had problems and on the technical aspect. internet 59 students said they had problems. Based on the results of research and data analysis, it can be seen that in every aspect there are problems in using the platform as a medium for learning biology in class X MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Tarakan. Keywords: Analysis, Platform, Aspect
PENERAPAN LESSON STUDY BERBASIS SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU SMPN KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Authors: Rahayu Tanti , Nugroho Endik Deni 
Published: February 2023

Setiap inovasi pendidikankhususnya dalam perubahan kurikulum dan peningkatan SDM yang dihasilkan dari upayapendidikan selalu berawal dan bermuara pada guru.Perlunya upaya dan usaha-usaha supaya guru mengetahui dan mau meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam rangkaperbaikan mutu pendidikan, Lesson Study merupakan salah satu alternatif usaha yang sangat menarik untuk dipilih memajukan sekolah, meningkatkan kompetensi guru dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Pelaksanaan Lesson Study berbasis sekolah (LSBS) SMPN 2 Grati sebagai piloting di Kabupaten Pasuruan pada tahun 2007, sedangkan SMPN 1 Gondangwetan juga menerapkan LSBS tahun 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kendala dan dampak LSBS terhadap peningkatan kompetensi guru selama pelaksanaan LSBS di SMPN Kabupaten Pasuruan. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif,data-data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan penyebaran kuesioner dan pengamatan langsung kelapangan dengan wawancara.Kualitas kompetensi guru SMPN 2 Grati dan SMPN 1 Gondangwetan dapat ditingkatkan melalui implementasi Lesson study. Untuk lebih mengoptimalkan kegiatan lesson study berbasis sekolah (LSBS) diperlukan kesadaran diri sendiri sebagai pendidik untuk kemajuan kualitas guru dan pembelajaran, dukungan kepala sekolah, kebijakan dinas pendidikan, pengawas dan kolega guru membentuk sikap kolaboratif yang efektif, baik dalam kegiatan menyusun perangkat, observasi danrefleksi untuk kemajuan pendidikan nasional.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA (KAJIAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN K-13 DI KOTA TARAKAN DAN KABUPATEN BULUNGAN KALIMANTAN UTARA)
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim , Ridwan Ridwan , Arifin Arifin 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman guru di Tarakan dan Bulungan terkait Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Terdapat 3 hal yang diukur, yaitu pemahaman terkait proses, materi dan penilaian. Hal yang cukup menarik, terdapat persentase yang besar terkait pemahaman guru dalam proses pembelajaran. Persentase guru SD yang kurang paham sebesar 52,63%, guru SMP sebesar 26,08%, dan guru SMA sebesar 40,62%. Kata kunciKurikulum 2013, Pemahaman Guru
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS VIII.5 SMPN 8 TARAKAN MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PBL (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING)
Authors: Adhani Aidil , Muhammad Mahatir 
Published: February 2023

Pembelajaran merupakan proses yang melibatkan peserta didik dan pendidik dalam sebuah lingkungan belajar. Proses tersebut adalah kegiatan yang sudah direncanakan oleh pendidik untuk membelajarkan peserta didiknya melalui sebuah model dengan memanfatkan media maupun sumber belajar yang bervariasi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan dengan guru IPA di SMP Negeri 8 Tarakan, hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas VIII.5 masih rendah. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh peneliti untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik adalah dengan merancang pembelajaran yang mampu mengaktifkan proses-proses kognisi peserta didik dengan baik. Perencanaan pembelajaran secara utuh dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan model pembelajaran tertentu secara tepat, salah satunya dengan model PBL (Problem Based Learning). Tujuan dari penelitian iniyaitu untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada mata pelajatran IPA kelas VIII5 SMPN 8 Tarakan melalui penerapan model PBL. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasi dan tes. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data tentang hasil belajar kognitif siswa. Analisis deskriptif komparatif adalah membandingkan data nilai pretest dan posstest pada siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I sebesar 73,33% menjadi 90% pada siklus II dengan model pembelajaran PBL. Kata kunciHasil belajar, Kognitif , PBL.