bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women, Peace, and Conflict; Increasing The Capability and Number of Indonesian Women Peacekeepers in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
Authors: Masyrofah Masyrofah , Lubis Amany 
Published: December 2022

This article analyses increasing the capability and number of Indonesian women's participation in the UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) and the approaches and strategies women peacekeepers used while on duty at UNIFIL. Based on Presidential Regulation No. 18/2014 concerning the protection and empowerment of women and children in social conflicts, in contrast to the fact that women's involvement in carrying out UNIFIL's peacekeeping mission is still weak, even though women have great potential in soft power. Women have different approaches to seeking peace between the two parties involved in the conflict or keeping the peace from disappearing. This research is qualitative with a statutory approach, peacebuilding, conflict resolution, international law, and politics—data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies. These study findings are evidence of Indonesia's success in world peace missions. Women peacekeepers in the Indonesian National Armed Forces have a role that cannot be replaced by other elements, considering the conflict field prioritizes the unique skills of the Women's Indonesian National Armed Forces and Women's Police. Apart from that, the unique socio-religious-cultural characteristics in the South Lebanese Region have a reasonably complex composition, including interfaith and intra-faith sensitivity, Sunni-Shi'a dimensions, and the Druze sect. The readiness of Indonesian women peacekeepers is in good condition and continues to increase the skill and strategy to keep peace worldwide. The potential of Indonesian women peacekeepers is an integral part of the Indonesian National Armed Force's mission. Namely, the ability for territorial development is a distinctive characteristic of the Indonesian National Armed Forces as a national army born in conditions of struggle. Its operational capabilities are closely related to raising support from the community in its area of operation.
An early warning system for highly pathogenic viruses borne by waterbird species and related dynamics of climate change in the Caspian Sea region: Outlines of a concept
Authors: Petherbridge G. , Gadzhiev A. A. , Shestopalov А. М. , Alekseev A. Yu. , Sharshov K. A. , Daudova M. G. 
Published: December 2022

Aim.Formulation of the outlines of the concept of ViEW (ViralEarlyWarning) which is intended as a long term system of multidisciplinary transboundary cooperation between specialist institutions of all five Caspian region states to research, regularly monitor and share data about the generation, transmission and epidemiology of avian‐borne pathogens and their vectors in the region, and the ways climate change may affect these processes.Material and Methods.The concept is based on the multidisciplinary experience of the authors in researching the processes incorporated in the ViEW concept and on an in‐depth survey of the literature involved.Results.The outlines of the ViEW concept are presented in this study for review and comment by interested parties and stakeholders.Conclusion.Review of activities and opinions of specialists and organizations with remits relating to the development, establishment and maintenance of ViEW, indicates that such a system is a necessity for global animal and human health because of the role that the Caspian region plays in the mass migration of species of waterbird known as vectors for avian influenza and the already evident impacts of climate change on their phenologies. Waterbirds frequenting the Caspian Sea littorals and their habitats together constitute a major potential global hotspot or High Risk region for the generation and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and other dangerous zoonotic diseases.
Determining the role of microelements for the synthesis of antifungal metabolites of the antagonistic <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain
Authors: Tomashevich N. S. , Sidorova T. M. , Kiseleva O. I. , Kurbatov I. Yu. , Allahverdyan V. V. , Asaturova A. M. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. To study the structure of bacteria exometabolites of the Bacillus velezensis BZR336g strain using the GC×GC‐MS method when cultivated on nutrient media differing in the content of microelements.Material and Methods. The object of the study is the B. velezensis BZR336g bacterium strain. It shows promise for the development of a biopreparation on its basis for protecting plants against phytopathogenic fungi. Exometabolites were isolated from the liquid culture and their metabolomic profile was analysed with the GC×GC‐MS method using a LECO Pegasus BT‐4D device.Results. Among the identified compounds one can see the precursors of biologically active metabolites of bacteria of the strain B. velezensis BZR336g. Analysis of the total accumulation of fatty acids and their analogs, as well as of amino acids and peptides, by B. velezensis BZR336g bacteria on nutrient media differing in the content of metal ions, shows that Co2+ ions in combination with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions play an important role in inducing their synthesis. The presence of the Co2+ ion in the nutrient medium has the greatest influence on the synthesis of peptide components. If it is removed from the nutrient medium, the amount of amino acids and peptides decreases by almost two times. Benzene compounds can act as precursors of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are also of interest in the analysis of bacterial metabolism, since they have antimicrobial activity.Conclusions. The number of compounds that are precursors of lipopeptide metabolites depends on the content of metal ions in the nutrient medium. This fact may vary depending on the combination in which the metals are present.
Inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of <i>Artemisia</i> spp. on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: Каzachinskaia Е. I. , Romanova V. D. , Ivanоva A. V. , Chepurnov А. А. , Murtazalieva Z. A. , Коnonova Yu. V. , Shaulo D. N. , Romanyuk V. V. , Shestopalov А. М. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS‐CoV‐2 replication.Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.; A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.); A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations); A. absinthium L.; A. frigida Willd.; and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 (an infectious titer of 103 TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of “preventive” and “therapeutic” of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L.Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris; A. dracunculus*; A. absinthium; A. dracunculus***; A. dracunculus**; A. frigidа; A. glauca; and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10±0.24 – 11.72±2.89 μg/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84±1.35; 7.81±2.00 and 14.06±3.06 μg/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes.Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID‐19.
Advanced views regarding the post‐virgin land geographical space of Eurasia and Russia in the light of current land reforms
Authors: Levykin S. V. , Chibilev A. A. , Gulyanov Yu. A. , Yakovlev I. G. , Kazachkov G. V. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. To analyse the consequences of the virgin lands (1954‐1963) agrarian‐social megaproject, and of current land reforms. To elaborate contributions to the Russian post‐virgin land space development strategy.Material and methods. Historical records and sources, field geographical observations data and survey information have been used. The convergence principle, cartographic, comparative historical and comparative typological analyses, expert assessment and the logical method of generalizations have been applied.Results. A notion concerning the cumulative consequences of the largest agrarian‐social megaprojects, such as the Virgin Land campaign of 1954‐ 1963 and land reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan in the 1990s, has been developed. The actual socio‐economical and ecological problems of post‐ virgin land areas have been examined. A differentiated assessment of the self‐reconstruction potential of the steppe is given. The value of a system of formed steppe cores is demonstrated through the example of post‐ virgin land space in the Orenburgskaya oblast and a series of recommendations on these rational utlisation of these cores is proposed.Conclusion. The post‐virgin land space in Russia is characterised by a series of acute agroecological and conservational problems, such as poor development of adaptive animal husbandry and fodder production and priority accorded high risk dry crop farming. The realisation in practice of agronomy extensive approaches based on irreversible natural resources mobilization and on soil consumptive commercial crops expansion are accompanied by topsoil degradation. Under current conditions, the conservation and restoration of title (key) steppe biological objects and the more effective realisation of post‐virgin land space developmental potential both require urgent strategic initiatives by the Russiann Federation Government.
Influence of tillage methods on the development of wheat diseases Aestivum and Fontum
Authors: Ponomarev A. V. , Kremneva O. Yu. , Gasiyan K. E. , Danilov R. Yu. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. To analyze the data in the available literature regarding the effect of various tillages on the development and prevalence of wheat pathogens.Discussion. According to the literature, the existing tillage technologies – classical, minimal and zero – significantly affect the development of pathogens that cause the development of wheat diseases in regions that differ in soil and climatic conditions. In Russia and other countries near and far, the issue of combating diseases of agricultural crops is dealt with by chemical, biological and agrotechnical methods. Despite the fact that agrotechnical methods are of the utmost importance in the general system of measures to protect plants from damage, for a long‐time agricultural technology as a means of plant protection was underestimated. However, many agricultural techniques, as well as genetics and selection, increase the resistance of plants to damage.Conclusion. As a result of these techniques, it is possible to create environmental conditions that will be unfavourable for the reproduction of diseases. At the present time, opinion is firmly established that separately undertaken, isolated methods cannot properly solve the problem of protecting plants from pathogens of agricultural crops. Only a set of methods combined into a system of measures provides a solid basis for plant protection. And in this system of measures, the role of agricultural practices is extremely large.
Modeling of various life processes of <i>Juniperus excelsa</i> M. Bieb to determine optimal growing conditions in the southern coast of Crimea, Russia
Authors: Pashtetsky A. V. , Ilnitsky O. A. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. In connection with global climate change and an increase in the intensity of aridisation of the region of the southern coast of Crimea (SCC), the aim is to study the ecophysiological response of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb is, during its intensive vegetative phase, and the impact of external environmental factors that greatly influence the characteristics of the water regime, which would allow the possible establishment of optimal and unfavorable conditions for the growth of the species.Material and Methods. Measurements of environmental parameters were carried out using a wireless phytomonitoring system. Applied computer programs were used for statistical data processing. Modeling and smoothing of two‐dimensional data was carried out using the least squares method, robust locally weighted regression and a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis.Results. To assess the ecophysiological response to the impact of external environmental factors during the growing season of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, we applied a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis. As dependent variables, we used the relative water flow velocity in the shoot (Sf, r.u.) and shoot diameter (d, mm), data were obtained from SF‐5P water flow sensors and SD‐10z sensors. The independent variables were the main environmental factors. The share of dispersion of the dependent variable, explained by the applied models, was determined as 98–99%.Conclusions. The development of a model based on a database of plant functions with appropriate quantitative characteristics will make it possible in the future to predict the ecological state of a particular area or region as a whole.
Use of environmentally safe micromycetes of the genus <i>Rhodotorula</i> to obtain fodder carotene‐containing concentrate
Authors: Kolpakova V. V. , Ulanova R. V. , Kulikov D. S. , Gulakova V. A. , Vasilyeva L. V. , Berestovskaya Yu. Yu. , Cheremnykh E. G. , Ashikhmin A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of using an environmentally friendly strain of yeast of the genus Rhodotorula for the bioconversion into fodder carotenoid‐containing biomass of the secondary product of processing pea flour into a protein concentrate (whey).Material and Methods. We used a new strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 111 and by‐products of processing pea and chickpea flour into protein concentrates and potatoes into starch (whey). We used standard and special methods for the analysis of serum and microbial‐vegetable concentrate (FMVC) namely: chemical; biochemical; microbiological; and the determination of toxicity with ciliates.Results. Optimal conditions for growing R. mucilaginosa 111 on pea whey were determined (temperature 16.9°C, pH 7.8, amount of inoculum 1.85%). More biomass was synthesized on pea whey than on chickpea and potato whey – 81 g/dm3. The mass fraction of protein in the biomass is 58.90±3.03% on dry matter and the rate of essential amino acids is 119– 243%. Lipids included 20% saturated and 78% unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid – 45.26±0.70%, oleic – 24.04±0.76%, palmitoleic – 6.46±0.31%, palmitic – 13.70±0.81%. The yeast produced phytoin derivatives, torulene, β‐carotene, torularodin and phytoin. FMVC from pea whey stimulated the growth of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis by 29.1%, from chickpea whey (by 18.6% more intensively than distilled water), while potato whey reduced its growth rate.Conclusion. The dry biomass of the ecologically safe new yeast strain R. mucilaginosa 111 contained complete proteins, lipids, minerals, and carotenoids necessary for feeding animals. Thus liquid pea whey can be used for its biokonversions, while avoiding environmental pollution.
Study of the effect of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra on the population structure of the wheat leaf rust pathogen
Authors: Gvozdeva M. S. , Volkova G. V. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. To study the variability of the intrapopulation structure of the causative agent of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) on the basis of pathogenicity under the influence of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE.Material and Methods. The studies were carried out in the greenhouse complex of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection on the winter wheat variety Krasnodarskaya 99 which is susceptible to leaf rust. The material studied was the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE with application rates of 0.75; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75 l/ha. The work was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The influence of the impact of different rates of application of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE on the average virulence of the P. triticina population was established, this indicator varying from 40.0% (control [without treatment]) to 19.5% (fungicide application rate 1.75 l/ha). As a result of the analysis of the phenotypic composition of the population, 5 phenotypes were identified. A decrease in the viability of spores of the fungus P. triticina with an increase in the rate of application of the fungicide was established, this indicator varying from 69.1% (0.75 l/ha) to 29.2% (1.75 l/ha). A decrease in the aggressiveness of the population of the causative agent of leaf rust with an increase in the rate of application of the drug was established. The biological effectiveness of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE against the pathogen was 95.3–97.8% at the recommended application rate of 1.0–1.5 l/ha.Conclusion. The study showed that the population of the leaf rust pathogen treated with the chemical fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE is characterised by a change in structure in terms of aggressiveness and virulence, while the sensitivity remains high due to the combination of the active substances pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole with a different mechanism of action in the preparation.
Development and interaction of ctenophores <i>Beroe ovate</i> Bruguière, 1789 and <i>Mnemiopsis leidyi</i> A. Agassiz, 1865 in the coastal zone of the Middle Caspian Sea
Authors: Vostokov S. V. , Gadzhiev A. A. , Lobachev E. N. , Vostokova A. S. , Rabazanov N. I. , Barkhalov R. M. , Sapojnikov Ph. V. , Abtahi B. , Shojaei M. G. 
Published: December 2022

Aim. Analysis of the distribution and status of ctenophores Вeroe ovata and Mnemiopsis leidyi, and assessment of the parameters of their interaction in the Middle Caspian Sea.Material and Methods. The material was obtained in the western and eastern parts of the Middle Caspian Sea in September–October 2022. Large ctenophores were collected using a big cone plankton net with a 0.5 m2 opening and a 500 μm, mesh size. The number and size of large ctenophores were determined immediately after collection, larvae and eggs were counted in samples fixed with formalin to a final concentration of 4%. Zooplankton samples were collected by the Juday plankton net (0.1 m2 opening, 180 μm mesh size).Results. In September‐October 2022, a developed population of Вeroe ovata with active reproduction was recorded in the waters of the Middle Caspian Sea. The habitat area of B. ovata has significantly expanded to the north compared to 2021. Complete suppression of the Mnemiopsis population by the Beroe was observed on most of the western and eastern shelf, as well. The total number of Beroe reached 48 ind/m2, biomass – 12 g/m2. Single large individuals were found in the north of the Middle Caspian Sea at salinity 5.7 psu. The structure of mesozooplankton was still dominated by the small copepod Acartia tonsa.Conclusion. New data indicate the active development of the Вeroe ovata in the Caspian Sea, which presents a fundamental challenge for the restoration of the Caspian ecosystem. The progressive adaptation of Beroe to the conditions of the Caspian Sea has led to its expansion to the north of the Middle Caspian Sea in areas with low salinity. A complete suppression of the M. Leidyi population by the new alien noted on most of the shelf indicates an increase in its pressure on the Mnemiopsis population compared to the corresponding period of 2021.
ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO DE ADMISIÓN Y ACCESO A LA ESCOLARIZACIÓN OBLIGATORIA PÚBLICA DOMINICANA. SISNAE: PROPUESTA DE SOFTWARE PARA SU AUTOMATIZACIÓN.
Authors: Guzman Freddy , Perez Barbara Yadira Mellado 
Published: December 2022

El sistema educativo dominicano tiene una necesidad imperiosa de dar respuesta a la situación que año tras año se refleja como un reto, donde los centros educativos del sector público ofrecen cupos insuficientes a la demanda existente, y muchas familias se ven obligadas a inscribir a sus hijos en centros distantes de sus residencias, o forzarse a inscribirse en colegios. La admisión y acceso a la escolarización obligatoria pública precisa de herramientas de automatización. Con ese desafío el objetivo general de la investigación es contribuir mediante el SISNAE como software para garantizar confiabilidad y calidad de dicho proceso en los politécnicos de Santiago. Como objetivos específicos se plantean: conocer las características de los criterios de calificación para la admisión; identificar los mecanismos, estrategias y técnicas aplicadas en el acceso y admisión de los centros educativos; analizar las fortalezas y debilidades de dicho sistema reflejadas en la admisión y acceso a la escolarización; y contribuir, mediante el desarrollo de una herramienta informática automatizada, a la disminución de riesgos de arbitrariedad existente en estos procesos. Sustentado con los métodos: hipotético-deductivo, histórico-lógico, a través de sistematización con carácter empírico, mediante observaciones, entrevista, cuestionario y análisis de documentos. Se obtuvo resultados que ofrecen un servicio más eficiente, eficaz y con niveles de efectividad necesarios para garantizar el acceso a la escolaridad pública más equitativo, proponiendo un software para la automatización del referido proceso, contribuyendo al debate sobre el acceso a la escolaridad obligatoria, y su impacto en familias carentes y en condiciones de pobreza.
Palabras clave: Educación y tecnología, inclusión educativa, acceso escolar, proceso de admisión escolar.
MESANE PATOLOJİLERİNDE BOTULİNUM TOKSİN UYGULAMALARI: İLK HASTA SERİSİ SONUÇLARIMIZ
Authors: TOKAT Eda , YILDIZ Yildiray 
Published: December 2022

AMAÇ: Botoks, Clostridium botulinum bakterisi tarafından üretilen güçlü bir nörotoksindir. Üroloji alanında nörojenik mesane, aşırı aktif mesane ve interstisyel sistit/mesane ağrı sendromu tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Biz de botulinum toksin uyguladığımız hastalarımızın verilerini paylaşmayı amaçladık.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Kliniğimizde 2018-2022 yılları arasında intravezikal botulinum toksin uygulaması yapılan toplam 42 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların demografik verileri (yaş,cinsiyet,hastalık), geçmişte aldıkları tedavileri ve tedavi endikasyonları değerlendirildi. Hastaların botulinum toksin tedavi yanıtı, tedavi öncesi ve sonrası ortalama mesane kapasitesi ve tedavi fayda skalası (TFS; 1= çok iyileşme, 2= iyileşme 3= değişiklik yok, 4= kötüleşme) en erken 3. ayda değerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Hastaların %38’i (16) erkek, %62’si (26) kadınlardan oluşurken ortalama yaşları 47.3 yıl (23-72) olarak bulundu. Botulinum toksin uygulanan hastaların, %66.7’si refrakter aşırı aktif mesane, %19’u nörojen mesane, %14.3’ü ise interstisyel sistit hastalarından oluşmaktaydı. Tüm hastalar en az iki farklı antikolinerjik kullanmıştı. Hastaların tedavi öncesi ortalama mesane kapasitesi 264.28 ml olarak hesaplandı. Tedavi sonrası en az 3 ay sonra yeniden yapılan işeme günlüğünde ortalama mesane kapasitesi 329.16 ml olarak hesaplandı (p=0.001). Hastalar tedaviden en az 3 ay sonraki kontrolde %64.2’si çok iyileşme (TFS= 1), %30.9’u iyileşme (TFS= 2) ve sadece %4.8’i şikayetlerinde değişiklik olmadığını (TFS= 3) belirtti. Hiçbir hasta şikayetlerinde kötüleşme (TFS= 4) bildirmedi.
SONUÇ: Medikal tedaviden fayda görmeyen AAM, interstisyel sistit ve nörojen mesane hastalarının ikinci basamak tedavisinde intravezikal botulinum toksin uygulaması faydalı, etkin, güvenli ve düşük maliyetli bir tedavi yöntemidir.