bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bradykinesia in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Blinded Video Analysis of Pathology‐Proven Cases
Authors: Marsili Luca , Duque Kevin R. , Gregor Nathan , Abdelghany Elhusseini , Abanto Jesus , Duker Andrew P. , Hagen Matthew C. , Espay Alberto J. , Bologna Matteo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBradykinesia is a cardinal feature in parkinsonisms. No study has assessed the differential features of bradykinesia in patients with pathology‐proven synucleinopathies and tauopathies.ObjectiveWe examined whether bradykinesia features (speed, amplitude, rhythm, and sequence effect) may differ between pathology‐proven synucleinopathies and tauopathies.MethodsForty‐two cases who underwent autopsy were included and divided into synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy). Two raters blinded to the diagnosis retrospectively scored the Movement Disorders Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III and Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale on standardized videotaped neurological examinations. Bradykinesia scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney test and logistic regression models to adjust for disease duration.ResultsDemographic and clinical parameters were similar between synucleinopathies and tauopathies. There were no differences between speed, amplitude, rhythm, and sequence effect in synucleinopathies and tauopathies in unadjusted comparisons and adjusted models (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsClinical bradykinesia features do not distinguish the underlying neuropathology in neurodegenerative parkinsonisms. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Soy Lecithin in High‐Fat Diets Exerts Dual Effects on Adipose Tissue Versus Ileum
Authors: Buisson Charline , Leuzy Valentin , Loizon Emmanuelle , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Monnoye Magali , Philippe Catherine , Gérard Philippe , Michalski Marie‐Caroline , Laugerette Fabienne 
Published: January 2023

ScopeLipopolysaccharides and their transporters, LBP and sCD14, are involved in systemic inflammation following a high‐fat diet. Natural emulsifiers such as soy lecithin, rich in soybean polar lipids (SPL), are often used by the food industry but little is known about effects of associating SPL with different oils.Methods and resultsThus, this study investigates the effects of 4 weeks feeding of palm (P) or rapeseed (R) oil‐enriched diets with or without SPL in mice, on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, on ileum permeability, and on microbiota composition. When SPL are associated with rapeseed oil, a greater gene expression of leptin and inflammation in WAT is observed compared to P‐SPL. In ileum, R‐SPL group results in a lower expression of TLR4, IAP that detoxify bacterial LPS and tight junction proteins than R group. In turn, the gene expression of Reg3β and Reg3γ, which have antimicrobial activity, is higher in ileum of R‐SPL group than in R group. SPL in rapeseed oil increases specific bacterial species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Bacteroidales.ConclusionThe incorporation of SPL in a diet with rapeseed oil exerts differential effect on WAT and ileum, with respectively an inflammation of WAT and an antimicrobial activity in ileum, associated with specific microbiota changes.
Luteolin Protects Against Obese Sarcopenia in Mice with High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity by Ameliorating Inflammation and Protein Degradation in Muscles
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Shin Su‐Kyung , Kwon Eun‐Young 
Published: January 2023

ScopeAlthough sarcopenia is mainly caused by aging, sarcopenia due to obesity has become an emerging issue given the increase in obesity among people of various ages. There are studies on obesity or sarcopenia, our understanding of obesity‐mediated sarcopenia is insufficient. Luteolin (LU) has exhibited antiobesity effects, but no studies have investigated the LU effects on antisarcopenia. This study therefore investigated the effects of LU on obese sarcopenia in mice with high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity.Methods and resultsTo evaluate its inhibitory efficacy against obese sarcopenia, 5‐week‐old mice are fed an HFD supplemented with LU for 20 weeks. LU exerts suppressive effects on obesity, inflammation, and protein degradation in the HFD‐fed obese mice. It also inhibits lipid infiltration into the muscle and decreases p38 activity and the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, including TNF‐α, Tlr2, Tlr4, MCP1, and MMP2, in the muscle. The suppression of muscle inflammation by LU leads to the inhibition of myostatin, FoxO, atrogin, and MuRF expression. These effects of LU affect inhibition of protein degradation and improvement of muscle function.ConclusionHere, it demonstrates that LU's antiobesity and antiinflammatory functionality affect inhibition of muscle protein degradation, and consequently, these interactions by LU exerts a protective effect against obese sarcopenia.
A stabilized mixed three‐field formulation for stress accurate analysis including the incompressible limit in finite strain solid dynamics
Authors: Castañar Inocencio , Codina Ramon , Baiges Joan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work a new methodology for finite strain solid dynamics problems for stress accurate analysis including the incompressible limit is presented. In previous works, the authors have presented the stabilized mixed displacement/pressure formulation to deal with the incompressibility constraint in finite strain solid dynamics. To this end, the momentum equation is complemented with a constitutive law for the pressure which emerges from the deviatoric/volumetric decomposition of the strain energy function for any hyperelastic material model. The incompressible limit is attained automatically depending on the material bulk modulus. This work exploits the concept of mixed methods to formulate stable displacement/pressure/deviatoric stress finite elements. The final goal is to design a finite element technology able to tackle simultaneously problems which may involve incompressible behavior together with a high degree of accuracy of the stress field. The variational multi‐scale stabilization technique and, in particular, the orthogonal subgrid scale method allows the use of equal‐order interpolations. These stabilization procedures lead to discrete problems which are fully stable, free of volumetric locking, stress oscillations and pressure fluctuations. Numerical benchmarks show that the results obtained compare very favorably with those obtained with the corresponding stabilized mixed displacement/pressure formulation.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis on the Incidence of Level‐Specific Cervical Nodal Metastasis in Primary Parotid Malignancies
Authors: Ho Joyce Pui Kiu , Mair Manish , Noor Anthony , Fuzi Jordan , Giles Mitchell , Ludbrook Isabella , Hoffman Gary , Winters Ryan , Cope Daron , Eisenberg Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn primary parotid gland malignancies, the incidence of level‐specific cervical lymph node metastasis in clinically node‐positive necks remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the incidence of level‐specific cervical node metastasis in clinically node‐negative (cN0) and node‐positive (cN+) patients who presented with primary parotid malignancies.Data SourcesElectronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane).Review MethodsRandom‐effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate pooled estimate incidence of level‐specific nodal metastasis for parotid malignancies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses of cN0 and cN+ were performed.ResultsThirteen publications consisting of 818 patients were included. The overall incidence of cervical nodal involvement in all neck dissections was 47% (95% CI, 31%‐63%). Among those who were cN+, the incidence of nodal positivity was 89% (95% CI, 75%‐98%). Those who were cN0 had an incidence of 32% (95% CI, 14%‐53%). In cN+ patients, the incidence of nodal metastasis was high at all levels (level I 33%, level II 73%, level III 48%, level IV 39%, and level V 37%). In cN0 patients, the incidence of nodal metastasis was highest at levels II (28%) and III (11%).ConclusionFor primary parotid malignancies, the incidence of occult metastases was 32% compared to 89% in a clinically positive neck. It is recommended that individuals with a primary parotid malignancy requiring elective treatment of the neck have a selective neck dissection which involves levels II to III, with the inclusion of level IV based on clinical judgment. Those undergoing a therapeutic neck dissection should undergo a comprehensive neck dissection (levels I‐V).
Feasibility and Cost of Telehealth Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: De Ravin Emma , Armache Maria , Campbell Frank , Rising Kristin L. , Worster Brooke , Handley Nathan R. , Fundakowski Christopher E. , Cognetti David M. , Mady Leila J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of telehealth head and neck cancer (HNC) survivorship care.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL.Review MethodsA systematic search for peer‐reviewed feasibility studies on telehealth models for HNC survivorship care published between 2005 and 2021 was conducted using the terms “head and neck cancer” and “telehealth” and their synonyms. Inclusion criteria were studies on telehealth survivorship program interventions for HNC patients with quantitative feasibility outcome measures (eg, enrollment, retention, attrition/dropout rate, adherence/task completion rate, patient satisfaction, cost).ResultsThirty‐eight studies out of 1557 identified met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Feasibility outcomes evaluated were enrollment and attrition rates, adherence/task completion rates, patient satisfaction, and user feedback surveys in different survivorship domains. Patient enrollment ranged from 20.8% to 85.7%, while attrition ranged from 7% to 47.7%. Overall, adherence was 30.2% higher in the intervention group than in the control group (46.8% vs 16.6%). Studies with cost analysis found telehealth models of care to be statistically significantly less expensive and more cost‐efficient than the standard model of care, with a $642.30 saving per patient (n = 3). Telehealth models also substantially reduced work time saving per visit (on average, 7 days per visit).ConclusionWhile telehealth survivorship programs are feasible and cost‐effective and are associated with improved patient outcomes, they might not be ideal for every patient. Further investigations are needed to understand the role of telehealth in survivorship care, given the variability in study design, reporting, measures, and methodological quality.
Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Otolaryngology‐Related Health Needs and Community‐Based Interventions
Authors: Mavedatnia Dorsa , Hathi Kalpesh , Feschuk Aileen M. , Grose Elysia M. , Eskander Antoine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAccess to and use of physician services is limited for those experiencing homelessness. Homelessness may predispose patients to several Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) health conditions and barriers to care may leave these unaddressed. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on OHNS health needs and community‐based interventions for patients experiencing homelessness.Data SourcesEnglish literature was searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL.Review MethodsStudies were included if they reported on OHNS‐related conditions in patients experiencing homelessness and/or interventions related to providing OHNS care to this patient population.ResultsTwelve hundred and one articles were screened, and 12 articles were included. Most studies reported on otologic conditions (n = 8) and head and neck‐related conditions (n = 6). Nasal trauma, chronic rhinosinusitis, dysphonia, hearing loss, and cancerous/precancerous head and neck lesions were common OHNS conditions reported in this patient population. Identified barriers to care included lack of transportation, financial considerations, and lower health literacy. Three articles on community‐based interventions were included. Most of these interventions were single visits to shelters, and ensuring adequate follow‐up was identified as a challenge.ConclusionThe current literature brings attention to certain OHNS diseases that are prevalent in this unique patient population and identifies unique barriers these patients experience when accessing care. Future studies should focus on further delineating the impact of OHNS diseases in patients experiencing homelessness and screening interventions that can be employed to mitigate the impact of diseases of the head and neck.
Neurotology Workforce in the United States: Gender Diversity and Geographic Distribution
Authors: Choi Janet S. , Ziltzer Ryan , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Adams Meredith E. , Huang Tina C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe workforce of neurotology has changed with increasing numbers of accredited programs and diverse representation among trainees over the past several decades. This study aims to describe the characteristics, density, and geographic variation of the current neurotology workforce in the United States.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingAmerican Board of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery portal and online search.MethodsThe study cohort included physicians certified in Neurotology by the American Board of Otolaryngology as of 2021 (n = 372). Physician characteristics including years of practice, gender, practice setting, and location were collected. Geographic variation analysis was performed by the state, county, and hospital referral region. Associations between the number of neurotologists per population and socioeconomic characteristics were assessed using multivariable regression analysis.ResultsAmong 372 neurotologists, 65% practiced in academic settings and 13% were female. The percentage of female neurotologists increased from 0% among neurotologists with ≥30 years of practice to 23% among <10 years of practice. There were no differences in a practice setting by gender. The geographical analysis demonstrated that the average number of neurotologists was 1.1 per 1 million Americans. In a multivariable model, the density of neurotologists was significantly higher within counties with the highest quartiles of college education (β = .6 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.3‐0.8]) and income (β = .3 [95% CI: 0.1‐0.6]).ConclusionThe number of board‐certified neurotologists has gradually increased and there have been trends toward greater gender diversity. The geographical distribution of neurotology practice was concentrated in counties with higher socioeconomic status as expected given the referral‐based nature of the subspecialty. There should be efforts to reach out to low socioeconomic communities to ensure equivalent access to neurotological care.
Homocysteine Levels in Severe OSA Patients Before and After TORS‐OSA Surgery
Authors: Chiu Li‐Wen , Lin Chung‐Wei , Lin Pei‐Wen , Chai Han‐Tan , Chang Chun‐Tuan , Friedman Michael , Salapatas Anna M. , Lin Hsin‐Ching 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe increased risk of cardiovascular diseases owing to a high level of serum homocysteine has been widely reported. Literature has demonstrated that patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA) had a higher homocysteine level than control group. This study aimed to investigate the alteration of serum homocysteine levels in severe OSA patients receiving transoral robotic surgery (TORS).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary academic medical center.MethodsData of polysomnography (PSG) and serum homocysteine levels before and at least 3 months after the surgery were collected and analyzed via paired t tests. A subgroup analysis based on the preoperative homocysteine level (≥15 mcmol/L, as hyperhomocysteinemia group) was conducted to compare the intergroup differences of homocysteine decrease. Pearson's correlation was used to survey the relationships between the changes of major PSG parameters and the levels of homocysteine decrease at baseline and after TORS‐OSA surgery.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐one patients with severe OSA were enrolled. There were significant improvements in major PSG parameters after TORS‐OSA surgery. Homocysteine levels significantly decreased from 12.1 ± 3.9 to 11.4 ± 3.7 mcmol/L (difference = −0.7 ± 2.8 mcmol/L, p = .001) postoperatively, which was shown in the hyperhomocysteinemia group (difference = −2.9 ± 4.7 mcmol/L, p = .007) to a greater extent. Pearson's correlation revealed that ΔODI (oxygen desaturation index/h) was the predominant estimate with a positive association with Δhomocysteine (r = 0.525, p = .012).ConclusionTORS‐OSA surgery could decrease homocysteine levels in OSA patients. The effects were more relevant in severe OSA patients with abnormal preoperative homocysteine levels.
Approach to Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
Authors: Macielak Robert J. , Selleck Anne Morgan , Kocharyan Armine , Hunter Jacob B. , Patro Ankita , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Hamilton Christopher A. , Patel Neil S. , Gurgel Richard K. , Sweeney Alex D. , Brown Kevin D. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts to inform clinical practice.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary referral centers.MethodsA multi‐institutional historical cohort of patients with VP shunts and CI was identified and analyzed.ResultsA total of 46 patients (median age 8 years [interquratile range, IQR: 2‐46]) with VP shunts and CI were identified. Of these, 41 (89%) patients had a VP shunt prior to CI. Based on institutional preference and individual patient factors, CI was performed contralateral to a pre‐existing VP shunt in 24 of these 41 cases (59%) and ipsilateral in 17 (41%). Furthermore, pre‐CI relocation of the VP shunt was performed in 3 cases (7%), and 2 patients (5%) underwent planned revision of their VP shunt concurrent with CI. In total, 2 of 27 pediatric patients (7%) required unanticipated revision shunt surgery, both contralateral to CI device placement, given VP shunt malfunction. One of 19 adult patients (5%) required shunt revision during CI due to shunt damage noted intraoperatively. Among 43 patients with available follow‐up, 38 (88%) are regular CI users, with a median consonant‐nucleus vowel‐consonant word: score of 58% (IQR: 28‐72).ConclusionCI can be performed at low risk, either contralateral or ipsilateral, to a VP shunt, and does not mandate shunt revision in most cases. Additional considerations regarding CI receiver‐stimulator placement are necessary with programmable shunts to mitigate device interaction. Preoperative planning, including coordination of care with neurosurgery, is important to achieving optimal outcomes.
Histopathologic Features of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Talati Vidit M. , Brown Hannah J. , Kim Young‐Jae , Allen‐Proctor Mary K. , Gattuso Paolo , Mahdavinia Mahboobeh , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Batra Pete , Tajudeen Bobby A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how diabetes mellitus impacts chronic rhinosinusitis clinically and on structured histopathology to provide insights on new potential chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsA retrospective study of chronic rhinosinusitis patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery from 2015 to 2020 was performed. Structured 13‐variable histopathology reports were generated from intraoperative sinonasal specimens. These variables were compared against demographic factors, comorbidities, culture data, and preoperative Lund‐Mackay and SNOT‐22 scores using logistic regression.ResultsThere were 411 patients, including 52 diabetics. Diabetes was associated with higher mean body mass index (34.9 vs 29.2; p < .001), age (57.8 vs 48.0; p < .001), and Gram‐negative (40.2% vs 22.7%; p < .030) and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (49.0% vs 28.5%; p = .008) culture rates. Black (23.1% vs 18.7%) and Hispanic (23.1% vs 8.6%) races were more common with diabetes (p = .026). Gender, smoking, polyp status, and Lund‐Mackay and SNOT‐22 scores did not differ between groups. Diabetics had more fungal elements (13.5% vs 3.3%, p = .018); no other histopathological differences were seen. When controlling for demographic variables and comorbidities, diabetes independently predicted the presence of fungal elements (HR 4.38, p = .018).ConclusionDiabetic chronic rhinosinusitis patients demonstrated increased fungal elements on structured histopathology. Other histopathological features were unaffected by diabetes. These findings may have important implications on the medical and surgical management of diabetic chronic rhinosinusitis patients in which early fungal disease assessment is paramount.
Cochlear Ossification After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: A Temporal Bone Study
Authors: Itamura Kyohei , Geerardyn Alexander , Podury Archana , Lopez Ivan A. , Wong Yu‐Tung , Ishiyama Akira , Quesnel Alicia M. , Miller Mia E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate patterns of cochlear ossification (CO) in cadaveric temporal bones of patients who underwent vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery via the translabyrinthine (TL), middle cranial fossa (MF), or retrosigmoid (RS) approaches.Study DesignHistopathologic analysis of cadaveric temporal bones.SettingMulti‐institutional national temporal bone repository.MethodsThe National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders and House Temporal Bone Laboratory at the University of California, Los Angeles and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Otopathology Laboratory were searched for cadaveric temporal bones with a history of VS for which microsurgery was performed. Exclusion criteria included non‐VS and perioperative death within 30 days of surgery. Temporal bones were analyzed histologically for CO of the basal, middle, and apical turns.ResultsOf 92 temporal bones with a history of schwannoma from both databases, 12 of these cases met the inclusion criteria. The approaches for tumor excision included 2 MF, 4 RS, and 6 TL approaches. CO was observed in all temporal bones that had undergone TL surgery. Among temporal bones that had undergone MF or RS surgeries, 5/6 had no CO, and 1/6 had partial ossification. This single case was noted to have intraoperative vestibular violation after RS surgery upon histopathologic and chart review.ConclusionIn this temporal bone series, all temporal bones that had undergone TL demonstrated varying degrees of CO on histological analysis. MF and RS cases did not exhibit CO except in the case of vestibular violation. When cochlear implantation is planned or possible after VS surgery, surgeons may consider using a surgical approach that does not violate the labyrinth.