bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional flood event of July 2021 in central Europe – Part 2: Historical context and relation to climate change
Authors: Ludwig Patrick , Ehmele Florian , Franca Mário J. , Mohr Susanna , Caldas-Alvarez Alberto , Daniell James E. , Ehret Uwe , Feldmann Hendrik , Hundhausen Marie , Knippertz Peter , Küpfer Katharina , Kunz Michael , Mühr Bernhard , Pinto Joaquim G. , Quinting Julian , Schäfer Andreas M. , Seidel Frank , Wisotzky Christina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Heavy precipitation over western Germany and neighboring countries in July 2021 led to widespread floods, with the Ahr and Erft river catchments being particularly affected. Following the event characterization and process analysis in Part 1, here we put the 2021 event in the historical context regarding precipitation and discharge records and in terms of the temporal transformation of the valley morphology. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of ongoing and future climate change on the modification of rainfall totals and the associated flood hazard, as well as implications for flood management. The event was among the five heaviest precipitation events of the past 70 years in Germany. However, consideration of the large LAERTES-EU regional climate model (RCM) ensemble revealed a substantial underestimation of both return levels and periods based on extreme value statistics using only observations. An analysis of homogeneous hydrological data of the last 70 years demonstrated that the event discharges exceeded by far the statistical 100-year return levels. Nevertheless, the flood peaks at the Ahr river were comparable to the reconstructed major historical events of 1804 and 1910, which were not included in the flood risk assessment so far. A comparison between the 2021 and past events showed differences in terms of the observed hydro-morphodynamic processes which enhanced the flood risk due to changes in the landscape organization and occupation. The role of climate change and how the 2021 event would unfold under warmer or colder conditions (within a −2 to +3 K range) was considered based on both a pseudo global warming (PGW) model experiments and the analysis of an RCM ensemble. The PGW experiments showed that the spatial mean precipitation scales with the theoretical Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relation, predicting a 7 % to 9 % increase per degree of warming. Using the PGW rainfall simulations as input to a hydrological model of the Ahr river basin revealed a strong and non-linear effect on flood peaks: for the +2 K scenario, the 18 % increase in areal rainfall led to a 39 % increase of the flood peak at gauge Altenahr. The analysis of the high-resolution convection-permitting KIT-KLIWA RCM ensemble confirmed the CC scaling for moderate spatial mean precipitation but showed a super CC scaling of up to 10 % for higher intensities. Moreover, the spatial extent of such precipitation events is also expected to increase.
Snowmelt characterization from optical and synthetic-aperture radar observations in the La Joie Basin, British Columbia
Authors: Darychuk Sara E. , Shea Joseph M. , Menounos Brian , Chesnokova Anna , Jost Georg , Weber Frank 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Snowmelt runoff serves both human needs and ecosystem services and is an important parameter in operational forecasting systems. Sentinel-1
synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) observations can estimate the timing of melt within a snowpack; however, these estimates have not been applied on
large spatial scales. Here we present a workflow to combine Sentinel-1 SAR and optical data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 to estimate the onset and
duration of snowmelt in the La Joie Basin, a 985 km2 watershed in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. A backscatter threshold is used to
infer the point at which snowpack saturation occurs and the snowpack begins to produce runoff. Multispectral imagery is used to estimate snow-free
dates across the basin to define the end of the snowmelt period. SAR estimates of snowmelt onset form consistent trends in terms of elevation and aspect on
the watershed scale and reflect snowmelt records from continuous snow water equivalence observations. SAR estimates of snowpack saturation are most
effective on moderate to low slopes (< 30∘) in open areas. The accuracy of snowmelt duration is reduced due to persistent cloud cover in
optical imagery. Despite these challenges, snowmelt duration agrees with trends in snow depths observed in the La Joie Basin. This approach has high
potential for adaptability to other alpine regions and can provide estimates of snowmelt timing in ungauged basins.
A closed-form model for layered snow slabs
Authors: Weißgraeber Philipp , Rosendahl Philipp L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We propose a closed-form analytical model for the mechanical behavior of stratified snow covers for the purpose of investigating and predicting the physical processes that lead to the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches.
We represent the system of a stratified snow slab covering a collapsible weak layer by a beam composed of an arbitrary number of layers supported by an anisotropic elastic foundation in a two-dimensional plane-strain model. The model makes use of laminate mechanics and provides slab deformations, stresses in the weak layer, and energy release rates of weak-layer anticracks in real time. The quantities can be used in failure models of avalanche release. The closed-form solution accounts for the layering-induced coupling of bending and extension in the slab and of shear and normal stresses in the weak layer. It is validated against experimentally recorded displacement fields and a comprehensive finite-element model indicating very good agreement.
We show that layered slabs cannot be homogenized into equivalent isotropic bodies and reveal the impact of layering on bridging with respect to weak-layer stresses and energy release rates.
It is demonstrated that inclined propagation saw tests allow for the determination of mixed-mode weak-layer fracture toughnesses. Our results suggest that such tests are dominated by mode I when cut upslope and comprise significant mode II contributions when cut downslope.
A Python implementation of the presented model is publicly available as part of the Weak Layer Anticrack Nucleation Model (WEAC) software package under https://github.com/2phi/weac (last access: 28 March 2023) and https://pypi.org/project/weac (last access: 28 March 2023, Rosendahl and Weißgraeber, 2022).
Utilization of Waste Plastic in the Way of Synthetic Bricks
Authors: Aynharan S. , Faris M. U. , Afrose Banu M. H. F. , Joachim D. S. , Fernando P. R. 
Published: April 2023

Nowadays plastic waste is a hazardous problem for mortality. Plastic waste is non-biodegradable waste that cannot decompose and creates environmental pollution. There is a big question about circular economy and recycling after the usage of plastic and their sustainable management. Most of the research presented that plastic waste is double every decade. Usually, bricks are made of clay, and due to excessive use of the clay, it shows results in resource depletion and environmental degradation. The present study explores a critical review of valuable and eco-friendly ways to minimize the environmental impact of waste plastic. Therefore, plastic wastes are used to prepare the bricks. It is the most economical solution in the construction industry. For this work, masonry brick blocks with different batching proportion of traditional raw materials with plastic were casted. Sample A was prepared with different ratio of sand and plastic pulp while sample B was organized with different ratio of powdered sample A1) and cement. Then they were allowed to dehydrating to confirm free from moisture. This research was compared density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength of the sample A, sample B, and locally available conventional brick. According to the analysis the sample A1 was exhibited the peak value of compressive strength and flexural strength of 280 kg-cm-2and 70 kg-cm-2 respectively which is three times higher than the commercially available product in Sri Lanka. In addition to this, water absorption was revealed 1.23% which is six times lower than the sample brick and it was displayed an acceptable value of density (1872.45 kg-3). So, sample A1 (1:1, plastic: sand) is highly recommended for construction purposes.
“Whatever Happened toJogtaandJogtin?”: Subjugation of Dalits in Lower-Caste Religious Practices
Authors: Tamalapakula Sowjanya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe economics of female sexuality in India are embodied in the caste system, which allocates women of certain caste groups to the domestic sphere and relegates Dalit/lower caste women to religious/sacred prostitution. The dominance of Shudra (often OBC) castes over religious spaces further marginalized Dalits and vulnerable lower-Shudra castes pertaining to the sexual exploitation of men and women within the institution of sacred prostitution. Shudra (OBC) castes’ hold over religious institutions in contemporary society facilitated the hegemony of the Brahminic ideology of caste and patriarchy even in the lower-caste religious practices like worship of female deities such as Yellamma in south India. This article discusses the religious aspects of the oppression of Dalits (outcastes) shaped by lower-caste religiosity through a study of the conditions of Dalit men and women who are dedicated to the temples of village deities and are varyingly called Jogta, Jogtin, Jogini, Potaraju, Matangi/Matamma, Shivashakti, Basavi, and Murali in different regions of south India. The current study is based on the experiences of Joginis and Jogtas from Telangana and Marathwada region of the state of Maharashtra. This article explores the livelihood aspect of the Jogini system, in other words, the economic vulnerabilities shaped by caste hierarchies that result in the perpetuation of the practice of sacred prostitution; how the caste hierarchies refigure in the reorganization of masculinities through the institutions of Jogini and Jogta; and how the question of Dalit self-respect is construed by Joginis and Jogtas within the paradigm of religious institutions.
Isolation of Pathogenic Bacteria from Equipment of the Care Units, Hands and Mobile Devices for Medical Staff in Educational Al-Hussein Hospital
Authors: Jaber Amany Shakeir , Juma Hussein Ahmed , Aliwi Ali Abdul Karim 
Published: April 2023

Bacterial contamination of intensive care units is of medical concern because it is one of the large risk factors of ICU -acquired infections and centre point of multi-drug resistant pathogens . Cell phones are important source of the microbial transmission as human pathogens also may be cause increased risk for incidence of bacterial infections as well as natural microbiota of human skin .The aim of this study to isolate and diagnose bacteria from intensive care units and mobile devices for medical staff in these units at Educational Al -Hussein Hospital In the city of Nasiriyah.	Collection of samples from teaching Al-Hussein hospital, the number of samples 100 distributed Between Swabs of mobiles(30) teaching Al-Hussein hospital medical staffs and ( 50) from hands of nursing and worker and Technicians and doctor Stethoscope also collecting samples(20) swab from department of ICU (Intensive care unit),CCU (Critical care unit), RCU (Respiratory care unit) collect the samples from medical equipment in care unit (ECG (Electro cardio graph), DC- Shock, Suction Device (sucker) , Monitor Device and Ventilator Device )analyzed by standard Bacteriological methods.	The frequency pathogenic bacteria obtained in clinical isolates from the sections was 60 out of 20 swab. The maximum frequency of E. coli is 15 isolates by (25)%, most of them in Ventilator Device, The lowest frequency was for Staphylococcus epidermitis with 3 isolates by (5)%, mostly in Suction unit(sucker)and The positive culture was (32) which is more than negative culture(18) out of 50 swabs, But higher positive culture found in a stethoscope with 8 isolates (25)% followed by in hands of technician , Workers , with 7 isolates (21.8)% Respectively as well as highest number and percentage of bacterial contaminated on phone of medical and health staffs were E.coli, Enterococcus faecalis(16.3 ) % Respectively followed by Staphylococci aureus (14.5%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (12.7%) .bacterial cultures found at higher rate among age groups (31-40) years by 56.3%. But the female showed higher rate of bacterial cultures compares to males by 56.2% . Keywords: intensive care units( ICU ) , Bacterial contamination , E.coli , Hospital
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de lesiones de furca en pacientes de la clínica de la UCSG semestre B-2022
Authors: Farah Zea María Emilia , Luzardo Jurado Geoconda María 
Published: April 2023

Introducción: El defecto de furca se define como la destrucción de los tejidos de soporte dental de piezas multirradiculares, enfatizando en la perdida de inserción del espacio interradicular y la reabsorción ósea, la cual resulta de la enfermedad periodontal asociada a placa bacteriana. Este defecto permitirá un acceso limitado tanto clínico como visual del área afectada, ocasionando una compleja intervención por el especialista. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo de lesiones de furca en pacientes de la clínica odontológica de la Universidad católica Santiago de Guayaquil. Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron un total de 66 furcas, las cuales fueron sometidas a un proceso de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, para poder ubicarlos en la tabla madre para analizar los factores de riesgo de las furcas dentales. Resultados: En el presente estudio se obtuvieron 66 furca, en relación al género se obtuvo 20 (30,30%) pacientes femeninas y 46 (69,70%) pacientes masculinos. Con relación a la furca Grado I 52 (78,79%), 18 (19,70%) en pacientes femenino y 34 (51,52%) en pacientes masculinos. Grado II 13 (19,70%), 2 (3,03) en pacientes femeninas y 11 (16,67) en pacientes masculinos. Grado III 1 (1,52%), en paciente masculino. Conclusión: De las muestras estudiadas, podemos determinar que los factores de riesgo, que mayor prevalencia presentaron, fueron el de placa bacteriana, estadio periodontal, fenotipo periodontal, longitud de tronco radicular y anatomía radicular.
Ammonite Fossil from the Hopewell Mound Group: Source and Significance
Authors: Colvin George H. , Landman Neil H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmong the thousands of artifacts recovered in 1891–1892 from Mound 25 of the Middle Woodland Hopewell Mound Group in Ross County, Ohio, is a Cretaceous scaphitid ammonite fossil. We have identified the ammonite as Hoploscaphites brevis, a well-known and well-studied index fossil used to subdivide the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the western interior of North America into biostratigraphic zones. The North American extent of this species is limited to parts of the Northern Great Plains, with the probable source of the Hopewell Mound Group specimen being the Sage Creek area in Pennington County, South Dakota. This probable source area for the fossil is consistent with that proposed by Charles Willoughby in the late 1800s. Both ethnological information and archaeological data, including from sites contemporaneous with Mound 25, indicate that ammonite fossils were highly prized among the people of the Northern Great Plains for curing the sick and bringing success in hunting, war, and other endeavors. Conversely, both ethnological information and archaeological data from Eastern Woodland cultures indicate ammonite fossils did not have the same allure among Eastern Woodland people. This and other information suggest that the Hopewell Mound Group ammonite fossil was indirectly procured through interaction with people living in the area where it originated.
واقع استخدام مقاييس الذكاء في عمليتي التوجيه و الإرشاد في المدرسة الجزائرية
Authors: Dahmani Mahdia 
Published: April 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة واقع استخدام مقاييس الذكاء لدى عينة عشوائية حجمها (120) مستشار للتوجيه والإرشاد المدرسي و المهني . بالنسبة لأداة الدراسة هي استبيان مفتوح من ثلاث أسئلة رئيسية .حيث بينت النتائج أن (97.5 %) من المستشارين لايستخدمون مقاييس الذكاء في العملية الارشادية ، والسبب في ذلك هو عدم التكوين في تطبيقها و عدم توفرها على مستوى مراكز التوجيه المدرسي والمهني ، ومن أجله توصي الدراسة بضرورة التنسيق بين القطاعات، التربية الوطنية و التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي والمعهد الوطني للبحث في التربية من أجل ايجاد حلول عملية للتصدي لهذه الظاهرة التربوية .
Effect of Acid Treatment on the Opening of Catalyst Pores
Authors: Donatus Setyawan Purwo Handoko  
Published: April 2023

Research on the effect of acid treatment on the opening of the pore mouths on the surface of the zeolite catalyst has been carried out. The preparation of the zeolite catalyst was carried out through the processes of soaking, calcination, oxidation and reduction. Initially, the zeolite was soaked for 3 hours in distilled water, then drained and crushed until its size passed a 100 mesh sieve, followed by a calcination process with nitrogen for 5 hours. Then proceed with oxidation for 3 hours followed by a reduction process for 2 hours with hydrogen. Furthermore, the catalyst was impregnated with Ni from the salt {Ni.NO3.6(H2O)} After that the catalyst is stored and placed in a desiccator. Then an analysis of the catalyst obtained with AAS was carried out to determine the content of Na, Ca, Fe, Mg and K cations, and the content of Al and Si. Then continued with the analysis of acidity with gravimetric method and continued with analysis with the BET method to determine the specific surface area and pore size distribution. Furthermore, the catalyst is used in the catalytic cracking process at various temperatures
Database Morfologi dan Senyawa Mikrob sebagai Dataset Artificial Intelligence untuk Percepatan Pengembangan Obat Anti-infeksi dari Sumber Daya Mikrob Indonesia
Authors: Danang Waluyo  , Anis Herliyati Mahsunah  , Dyah Noor Hidayati  , Avi Nurul Oktaviani  , Ariza Yandwiputra Besari  , Kiki Rizkia Afrianti  , Kristiningrum  , Suryani  , Amila Pramisandi  , Imam Civi Cartealy  , Bayu Rizky Maulana  , Nuki Bambang Nugroho  , Erwahyuni Endang Prabandari  
Published: April 2023

Dalam rangka mengetahui potensi keragaman mikroba Indonesia sebagai sumber senyawa alami, Balai Bioteknologi-BRIN mengoleksikan mikroba dari berbagai lokasi di Indonesia. Selanjutnya, BRIN bekerja sama dengan mitra riset dari Indonesia dan Jepang dalam proyek Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development Program (SATREPS) dalam fase I dari tahun 2015 sampai 2020 dan dalam fase II dari tahun 2021 hingga 2026 untuk penemuan senyawa obat dari mikroba. Alur pencarian senyawa obat dari mikroba dimulai dari kegiatan eksplorasi mikroba (isolasi dan identifikasi mikroba) dari berbagai jenis sampel alami (tanah, tumbuhan, serasah, hewan laut, dan lain-lain) melalui waktu yang cukup panjang, yakni antara 10–20 tahun. Salah satu tahap kritis dalam proses penemuan senyawa obat (drug discovery) dari mikroba adalah tahap identifikasi mikroba. Secara umum, proses identifikasi mikroba dilakukan secara molekuler. Namun, proses ini membutuhkan waktu dan biaya yang besar, terlebih bila menangani mikroba dalam jumlah yang banyak dan khususnya mikroba dari golongan fungi yang memiliki bentuk morfologi mikroba tertentu. Proses identifikasi berbasis morfologi dilakukan melalui pengamatan dengan mikroskop. Namun, identifikasi mikroba ini sangat tergantung dari pengalaman yang dimiliki personel pelaksana dan akan menyulitkan apabila mengidentifikasi mikroba yang baru. Kecerdasan artifisial (KA) dapat membantu mengidentifikasi mikroba berbasis morfologi. Dalam hal ini, KA membantu personel dalam menganalisis gambar morfologi suatu mikroba, sehingga proses ini dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan akurat. TKA juga diharapkan dapat membantu personel dalam menemukan mikroba baru yang belum pernah ditemukan sebelumnya, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai dari mikroba asli Indonesia tersebut.
AI Kebencanaan dan Kewilayahan
Authors: Agustan  
Published: April 2023

Indonesia terletak di daerah khatulistiwa, jalur pertemuan beberapa lempeng tektonik, dan dilalui jalur gunung api dunia. Kondisi ini membuat Indonesia menjadi daerah rawan bencana alam berupa gempa, tsunami, letusan gunung api dan bencana turunan dari kondisi hidrometeorologi, seperti banjir, longsor, kekeringan, dan kebakaran lahan. Wilayah daratannya seluas 1,9 juta kilometer persegi didiami oleh populasi dengan laju pertumbuhan 1,49% per tahun dan diproyeksikan berjumlah 285 juta jiwa pada 2025. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan hasil pembangunan memproyeksikan bahwa 65% dari populasi ini berdiam di wilayah perkotaan dan beberapa di antaranya rawan bencana. Selain itu, infrastruktur dibangun mengikuti populasi dan pusat kegiatan yang kadang terletak di zona rawan bencana sehingga terdapat potensi kerusakan jika terjadi bencana. Terkait dengan bencana, upaya yang dilakukan berupa mitigasi dan adaptasi. Fenomena bencana hidrometeorologi sudah dapat dimodelkan berdasarkan data dan teknologi utamanya kecerdasan artifisial yang saat ini terus berkembang. Selain itu, untuk pengembangan wilayah dan tata ruang, model spasial dinamis dikembangkan berbasis sistem cerdas. Saat ini, Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Wilayah mengkaji satu purwarupa, yaitu Sistem Informasi Simulasi Spasial Dinamik Tata Guna Lahan (SIMULAN). Sistem ini dikembangkan untuk memahami perubahan lahan secara spasial, dinamika perkembangan wilayah dan perkotaan secara real time, dan memodelkan kemungkinan perubahan lahan. Saat ini, SIMULAN fokus pada wilayah pesisir dan menghasilkan model simulasi dalam perubahan lahan terkait dengan mitigasi bencana tsunami. Dalam hal ini, diikaji dua skenario, yaitu skenario perubahan lahan pada kondisi normal (sesuai dengan arahan dokumen rencana tata ruang) dan skenario dengan adanya potensi bahaya tsunami. Wilayah yang dipilih adalah Kawasan Kuta Selatan (Kabupaten Badung, Bali). Selain itu, SIMULAN juga diarahkan untuk dapat memahami dan menilai kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan alih fungsi lahan dan bencana alam dengan memanfaatkan data penginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis yang diolah menjadi sebuah model prediksi perubahan guna lahan spasial berbasis cellular automata. Pengembangan teknologi ini diharapkan menjadi salah satu dasar dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh para pemangku kebijakan yang terkait dengan penataan ruang dan perencanaan pembangunan wilayah dengan menganalisis tren perubahan lahan dengan berbagai skenario yang dikembangkan serta dampak perubahan lahan (seperti lingkungan dan ekonomi) pada level lokal, regional, dan nasional.