bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces specialised ribosomes to efficiently translate viral lytic mRNAs
Authors: Murphy James C. , Harrington Elena M. , Schumann Sophie , Vasconcelos Elton J. R. , Mottram Timothy J. , Harper Katherine L. , Aspden Julie L. , Whitehouse Adrian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHistorically, ribosomes were viewed as unchanged homogeneous macromolecular machines with no regulatory capacity for mRNA translation. An emerging concept is that heterogeneity of ribosomal composition exists, exerting a regulatory function or specificity in translational control. This is supported by recent discoveries identifying compositionally distinct specialised ribosomes that actively regulate mRNA translation. Viruses lack their own translational machinery and impose high translational demands on the host during replication. We explore the possibility that KSHV manipulates ribosome biogenesis producing specialised ribosomes which preferentially translate viral transcripts. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified changes in the stoichiometry and composition of precursor ribosomal complexes during the switch from latent to lytic replication. We demonstrate the enhanced association of ribosomal biogenesis factors BUD23 and NOC4L, and the KSHV ORF11 protein, with small ribosomal subunit precursor complexes during lytic replication. BUD23 depletion resulted in significantly reduced viral gene expression, culminating in dramatic reduction of infectious virion production. Ribosome profiling demonstrated BUD23 is essential for reduced association of ribosomes with KSHV uORFs in late lytic genes, required for the efficient translation of the downstream coding sequence. Results provide mechanistic insights into KSHV-mediated manipulation of cellular ribosome composition inducing a population of specialised ribosomes facilitating efficient translation of viral mRNAs.
A new AMPK isoform mediates glucose-restriction induced longevity non-cell autonomously by promoting membrane fluidity
Authors: Jeong Jin-Hyuck , Han Jun-Seok , Jung Youngae , Lee Seung-Min , Park So-Hyun , Park Mooncheol , Shin Min-Gi , Kim Nami , Kang Mi Sun , Kim Seokho , Lee Kwang-Pyo , Kwon Ki-Sun , Kim Chun-A. , Yang Yong Ryoul , Hwang Geum-Sook , Kwon Eun-Soo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDietary restriction (DR) delays aging and the onset of age-associated diseases. However, it is yet to be determined whether and how restriction of specific nutrients promote longevity. Previous genome-wide screens isolated several Escherichia coli mutants that extended lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, using 1H-NMR metabolite analyses and inter-species genetics, we demonstrate that E. coli mutants depleted of intracellular glucose extend C. elegans lifespans, serving as bona fide glucose-restricted (GR) diets. Unlike general DR, GR diets don’t reduce the fecundity of animals, while still improving stress resistance and ameliorating neuro-degenerative pathologies of Aβ42. Interestingly, AAK-2a, a new AMPK isoform, is necessary and sufficient for GR-induced longevity. AAK-2a functions exclusively in neurons to modulate GR-mediated longevity via neuropeptide signaling. Last, we find that GR/AAK-2a prolongs longevity through PAQR-2/NHR-49/Δ9 desaturases by promoting membrane fluidity in peripheral tissues. Together, our studies identify the molecular mechanisms underlying prolonged longevity by glucose specific restriction in the context of whole animals.
Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds
Authors: Li Ling-Zi , Xu Zhou-Geng , Chang Tian-Gen , Wang Long , Kang Heng , Zhai Dong , Zhang Lu-Yi , Zhang Peng , Liu Hongtao , Zhu Xin-Guang , Wang Jia-Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWeed species are detrimental to crop yield. An understanding of how weeds originate and adapt to field environments is needed for successful crop management and reduction of herbicide use. Although early flowering is one of the weed trait syndromes that enable ruderal weeds to overcome frequent disturbances, the underlying genetic basis is poorly understood. Here, we establish Cardamine occulta as a model to study weed ruderality. By genome assembly and QTL mapping, we identify impairment of the vernalization response regulator gene FLC and a subsequent dominant mutation in the blue-light receptor gene CRY2 as genetic drivers for the establishment of short life cycle in ruderal weeds. Population genomics study further suggests that the mutations in these two genes enable individuals to overcome human disturbances through early deposition of seeds into the soil seed bank and quickly dominate local populations, thereby facilitating their spread in East China. Notably, functionally equivalent dominant mutations in CRY2 are shared by another weed species, Rorippa palustris, suggesting a common evolutionary trajectory of early flowering in ruderal weeds in Brassicaceae.
Long-term spatiotemporal patterns in the number of colonies and honey production in Mexico
Authors: Balvino-Olvera Francisco J. , Lobo Jorge A. , Aguilar-Aguilar María J. , Ruiz-Guzmán Gloria , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Ruiz-Mercado Ilse , Ghilardi Adrián , del Coro Arizmendi María , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHoney bee decline is currently one of the world's most serious environmental issues, and scientists, governments, and producers have generated interest in understanding its causes and consequences in honey production and food supply. Mexico is one of the world’s top honey producers, however, the honey bee population's status has not been documented to date. Based on 32 years of data from beekeeping, we make a country-level assessment of honey bee colony trends in Mexico. We use generalized additive mixed models to measure the associations between the percent change in honey bee hives and the percent change in honey yield per hive in relation to land-use, climate, and socioeconomic conditions. Despite the fact that the average annual yield per hive increased from 1980 to 2012, we detected a significant decline in the percent change in the number of honey bee hives across the time period studied. We also found a relationship between climatic conditions and agricultural land use, with agriculture increases and high temperatures producing a decrease in the percent change in honey yield. We found a relationship between a reduction in the temperature range (the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures) and a decrease in the percent change in the number of hives, while socioeconomic factors related to poverty levels have an impact on the number of hives and honey yields. Although long-term declines in hive numbers are not correlated with poverty levels, socioeconomic factors in states with high and medium poverty levels limit the increase in honey yield per hive. These results provide evidence that land-use changes, unfavorable climatic conditions, political, and socioeconomic factors are partially responsible for the reductions in the percent change in honey bee hives in Mexico.
Modeling thermophysical properties of glasses
Authors: Lucia Angelo , Gregory Otto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetal oxide glasses are important in various industries because their properties can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements. However, there are few rigorous modeling tools for predicting thermomechanical properties of these materials with acceptable accuracy and speed, yet these properties can play a critical role in material design. In this article, a general multi-scale modeling framework based on Monte Carlo simulation and a cubic equation of state for predicting thermomechanical properties is presented. There are two novel and fundamental aspects of this work: (1) characterization of glass transition and softening temperatures as adjacent saddle points on the heat capacity versus temperature curve, and (2) a new moving boundary equation of state that accounts for structure and ‘soft’ repulsion. In addition, modeling capabilities are demonstrated by comparing thermomechanical properties of a pure B2O3 glass and PbO–B2O3 glass predicted by the equation of state to experimental data. Finally, this work provides a rigorous approach to estimating thermophysical properties for the purpose of guiding experimental work directed at tailoring thermomechanical properties of glasses to fit applications.
Prospective study of dietary changes in cancer survivors for five years including pre- and post- diagnosis compared with those in cancer-free participants
Authors: Ishii Yuri , Takachi Ribeka , Ishihara Junko , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe number of long-term survivors after a cancer diagnosis is increasing. Few investigations have compared survivors’ diets to their original pre-diagnosis dietary pattern or with the patterns of cancer-free controls. We examined the dietary changes in survivors for five years (i.e. before to after diagnosis) in cancer survivors, comparing them with cancer-free controls in a prospective cohort study in Japan. Using 1995–1998 for the baseline and 2000–2003 for the follow-up survey, a validated food frequency questionnaire was administered to 33,643 men and 39,549 women aged 45–74 years. During the follow-up period, 886 men and 646 women had developed cancer. Participants that had not been diagnosed with cancer served as controls. There was a greater decrease in the calorie intake (median change: − 168 kcal/d [Interquartile range: − 640, 278]) in male cancer survivors compared to controls (− 33 kcal/d [− 453, 380], P < .001). On comparison with cancer-free controls, multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significantly larger reduction in energy-adjusted ethanol intake for male cancer survivors (β =  − 0.36). There was no difference in changes in fruit and vegetable or red meat intake and no other significant differences in dietary changes between survivors and controls for either gender. This suggests that most dietary changes in survivors after cancer diagnosis are not systematically different from those that occur in people without a cancer diagnosis.
Functions of human olfactory mucus and age-dependent changes
Authors: Shirai Tomohiro , Takase Dan , Yokoyama Junkichi , Nakanishi Kuniyuki , Uehara Chisaki , Saito Naoko , Kato-Namba Aya , Yoshikawa Keiichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOdorants are detected by olfactory sensory neurons, which are covered by olfactory mucus. Despite the existence of studies on olfactory mucus, its constituents, functions, and interindividual variability remain poorly understood. Here, we describe a human study that combined the collection of olfactory mucus and olfactory psychophysical tests. Our analyses revealed that olfactory mucus contains high concentrations of solutes, such as total proteins, inorganic elements, and molecules for xenobiotic metabolism. The high concentrations result in a capacity to capture or metabolize a specific repertoire of odorants. We provide evidence that odorant metabolism modifies our sense of smell. Finally, the amount of olfactory mucus decreases in an age-dependent manner. A follow-up experiment recapitulated the importance of the amount of mucus in the sensitive detection of odorants by their receptors. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of the molecular processes in olfactory mucus and propose a potential cause of olfactory decline.
Ho:YAG laser at 2097 nm pumped by a narrow linewidth tunable 1.91 μm laser
Authors: Tian Juntao , Zhao Lili , Li Zhiyong , Bian Jintian , Ye Qing , Wang Hai , Tan Rongqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study presents a high efficiency Ho:YAG laser based on a narrow linewidth tunable 1.91 μm laser. A tunable Tm:YLF laser is the pump source and the wavelength continuous tunability ranges from 1906.04 to 1908.83 nm, corresponding to a linewidth of less than 0.41 nm. The tunable Tm:YLF laser is achieved by changing the operating temperature of the VBG. The output power of the Ho:YAG laser is between 21.04 and 23.53 W and the slope efficiency is between 64.08 and 68.26% at the pump power of 39.8 W. The output power and slope efficiency corresponding to the pump wavelength of 1907.36 nm are 23.53 W and 68.26%, respectively. This study illustrates that fine-tuning the pump wavelength is an effective way to improve the slope efficiency and output power of the Ho:YAG laser at room temperature.
Topologically protected plasmonic phases in randomized aperture gratings
Authors: Fox Maayan , Gorodetski Yuri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe experimentally show the excitation of surface plasmons by topologically protected diffraction from gratings with randomized periodicity. The structures are designed such that the plasmonic excitation is conditioned by the proper combination of the geometric and the dynamic phases. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a precise interaction of the incident light signal and a specific plasmonic directional mode in a polarization dependent manner.
The systemic and hepatic alternative renin–angiotensin system is activated in liver cirrhosis, linked to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation
Authors: Hartl Lukas , Rumpf Benedikt , Domenig Oliver , Simbrunner Benedikt , Paternostro Rafael , Jachs Mathias , Poglitsch Marko , Marculescu Rodrig , Trauner Michael , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Hecking Manfred , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe aimed to assess the systemic and hepatic renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) fingerprint in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). This prospective study included 13 compensated (cACLD) and 12 decompensated ACLD (dACLD) patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement. Plasma components (all patients) and liver-local enzymes (n = 5) of the RAS were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Patients with dACLD had significantly higher angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II and aldosterone plasma levels. Ang 1–7, a major mediator of the alternative RAS, was almost exclusively detectable in dACLD (n = 12/13; vs. n = 1/13 in cACLD). Also, dACLD patients had higher Ang 1–5 (33.5 pmol/L versus cACLD: 6.6 pmol/L, p < 0.001) and numerically higher Ang III and Ang IV levels. Ang 1–7 correlated with HVPG (ρ = 0.655; p < 0.001), von Willebrand Factor (ρ = 0.681; p < 0.001), MELD (ρ = 0.593; p = 0.002) and interleukin-6 (ρ = 0.418; p = 0.047). Considerable activity of ACE, chymase, ACE2, and neprilysin was detectable in all liver biopsies, with highest chymase and ACE2 activity in cACLD patients. While liver-local classical and alternative RAS activity was already observed in cACLD, systemic activation of alternative RAS components occurred only in dACLD. Increased Ang 1–7 was linked to severe liver disease, portal hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
Explainable artificial intelligence for mental health through transparency and interpretability for understandability
Authors: Joyce Dan W. , Kormilitzin Andrey , Smith Katharine A. , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe literature on artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) in mental health and psychiatry lacks consensus on what “explainability” means. In the more general XAI (eXplainable AI) literature, there has been some convergence on explainability meaning model-agnostic techniques that augment a complex model (with internal mechanics intractable for human understanding) with a simpler model argued to deliver results that humans can comprehend. Given the differing usage and intended meaning of the term “explainability” in AI and ML, we propose instead to approximate model/algorithm explainability by understandability defined as a function of transparency and interpretability. These concepts are easier to articulate, to “ground” in our understanding of how algorithms and models operate and are used more consistently in the literature. We describe the TIFU (Transparency and Interpretability For Understandability) framework and examine how this applies to the landscape of AI/ML in mental health research. We argue that the need for understandablity is heightened in psychiatry because data describing the syndromes, outcomes, disorders and signs/symptoms possess probabilistic relationships to each other—as do the tentative aetiologies and multifactorial social- and psychological-determinants of disorders. If we develop and deploy AI/ML models, ensuring human understandability of the inputs, processes and outputs of these models is essential to develop trustworthy systems fit for deployment.
Angefeindet und bekämpft: die schwedische Homöopathin
Klara Fransén und die Pandemie 1918
Authors: Jahn Stefanie 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie gesellschaftspolitischen Auswirkungen der Spanischen Grippe ab dem Jahr 1918
lassen sich mit denen der aktuellen Coronapandemie vergleichen. Am Ende eines
Weltkriegs versuchten die Menschen, sich zusätzlich noch in einer
pandemischen Krise zurechtzufinden. Soziale, psychische, ökonomische und
gesundheitliche Fragen prägten private und öffentliche Debatten.
Medizinische Errungenschaften standen nur einem Teil der Menschen zur
Verfügung. Bereits damals waren komplementäre Verfahren gefragt
und wurden teils aus Mangel an Alternativen genutzt.Die Homöopathie war zur Zeit der Spanischen Grippe in vielen
Ländern verbreitet. Konventionelle Mediziner nutzten ergänzend
naturheilkundliche Verfahren. Die Integration körperlicher und
psychischer Symptome, eine ganzheitlichere Behandlung und Patientenzentrierung
sowie häufig bessere Verträglichkeit sorgten für
Beliebtheit der komplementären Methoden in der Bevölkerung.Der im Jahr 1910 in den USA veröffentlichte Flexner Report führte
dazu, dass die ärztliche Ausbildung reformiert und
Qualitätskriterien unterzogen wurde. Die US-amerikanischen
Universitäten etablierten die 3 Bereiche Praxis, Lehre und Forschung.
Ausbildungsstätten mit Unterricht in nichtkonventionellen
Medizinrichtungen wurden als unwissenschaftlich eingestuft und mussten
schließen. Pejorative Bezeichnungen wie „Scharlatan“ und
„Quacksalber“ für Ärzte und Praktiker
komplementärer Verfahren gab es damals wie heute. In Schweden war das
Verhältnis zwischen konventionellen Ärzt*innen und
Homöopath*innen besonders zerrüttet. Am Beispiel der
nichtärztlichen Homöopathin Klara Fransén lässt
sich exemplarisch darstellen, welchen Anfeindungen Vertreter*innen
komplementärer Verfahren ausgesetzt waren. Dabei wird außer Acht
gelassen, dass sich Homöopath*innen am medizinischen und
wissenschaftlichen Diskurs beteiligen, Forschung betreiben und sich mit ihrem
Wissen einbringen – vor 100 Jahren wie auch heute.
Homöopathische Begleitung von Long Covid und
„Postacute“ Covid – ein Forschungsprojekt der Dr. B. K.
Bose Stiftung, Zug
Authors: Mayer Andrea Corinna , Grabenhofer Christoph , Jus Martine , Keller Gabriela 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Frühjahr 2021 wurde in der Schweiz ein Projekt zur
homöopathischen Begleitung von Long Covid gestartet, das von der Dr. B.
K. Bose Stiftung in Zug finanziert wird. Es wurden Fälle von
verschiedenen Homöopathen ausgewertet, die in ihrer Praxis mit der
Jus-Methode arbeiten. In der Arbeit wurden 4 Beispielfälle von
„Covid-geimpften“ Patienten beschrieben, die
„Postacute“ (>3 Wochen seit Beginn der akuten
Covid-Erkrankung) oder Long Covid (>2 Monate seit Beginn der akuten
Covid-Erkrankung) entwickelt haben und 4 Fälle von
„Ungeimpften“. In allen Fällen konnte der
Gesundheitszustand wie vor der Covid-Erkrankung wiederhergestellt werden
– ungeachtet dessen, ob sie gegen Covid geimpft waren oder nicht.
Natrium arsenicosum hat sich in der Behandlung von Long Covid und
„Postacute Covid“ sehr bewährt. Die Fallbeispiele zeigen
auch, dass mithilfe der klassischen Homöopathie monatelange Beschwerden
gelindert bzw. geheilt werden können, die vorher jeglichen
Therapieversuchen hartnäckig „standgehalten“ haben.
Zwei alltägliche Fälle aus der Praxis –
Impfnebenwirkung, Long Covid
Authors: Zauner Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Homöopathie haben wir die Möglichkeit, an Covid-19
erkrankte Patienten, Menschen mit Long/Post Covid und solche mit Folgen
der Impfung zu behandeln. Anhand von Kasuistiken wird dies deutlich gemacht.
Risk Analysis Index and 30-Day Mortality after Brain Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Frailty Analysis of 31,776 Patients from 2012 to 2020
Authors: Rumalla Kavelin , Thommen Rachel , Kazim Syed Faraz , Segura Aaron C. , Kassicieh Alexander J. , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of the preoperative Risk Analysis Index (RAI) frailty score for prediction of mortality or transition to hospice within 30 days of brain tumor resection (BTR) in a large multicenter, international, prospective database.
Methods Records of BTR patients were extracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2012–2020) database. The relationship between the RAI frailty scale and the primary end point (mortality or discharge to hospice within 30 days of surgery) was assessed using linear-by-linear proportional trend tests, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under the curve as C-statistic).
Results Patients with BTR (N = 31,776) were stratified by RAI frailty tier: 16,800 robust (52.8%), 7,646 normal (24.1%), 6,593 frail (20.7%), and 737 severely frail (2.3%). The mortality/hospice rate was 2.5% (n = 803) and was positively associated with increasing RAI tier: robust (0.9%), normal (3.3%), frail (4.6%), and severely frail (14.2%) (p < 0.001). Isolated RAI was a robust discriminatory of primary end point in ROC curve analysis in the overall BTR cohort (C-statistic: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.76) as well as the malignant (C-statistic: 0.74; 95% CI: 0. 67–0.80) and benign (C-statistic: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.70–0.73) tumor subsets (all p < 0.001). RAI score had statistically significantly better performance compared with the 5-factor modified frailty index and chronological age (both p < 0.0001).
Conclusions RAI frailty score predicts 30-day mortality after BTR and may be translated to the bedside with a user-friendly calculator (https://nsgyfrailtyoutcomeslab.shinyapps.io/braintumormortalityRAIcalc/). The findings hope to augment the informed consent and surgical decision-making process in this patient population and provide an example for future study designs.