bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive design method of an active electronic current transformer for stable energy harvesting from power lines
Authors: Wang Yifan , Ren Chunguang , Kong Jiansheng , Zhang Baifu , Wang Lei , Han Xiaoqing , Yang Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe real‐time monitoring technology of power line is an important guarantee for the digitization and intelligence of the modern power system. Traditional current transformers cannot provide continuous and stable energy when the power line current fluctuates in a large range. This paper proposes a comprehensive design method of an active electronic current transformer (AECT) based on a single‐phase full‐bridge voltage‐type PWM rectifier (VSR), which can acquire continuous and stable energy from the power line with a minimum magnetic core. The control of the AECT is divided into four different operation modes to adapt the fluctuation of primary current. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode and minimum loss (ML) mode is designed to harvest the maximum power with lower iron core loss when the primary current is relatively low. Excitation mode and demagnetization mode are designed to harvest stable power when the primary current is higher than a certain current. The specific mode operation principles and control strategies are analysed in detail. Besides, the calculation method of the primary current is also presented for the primary current measurement. Finally, simulations and experiments verify that the iron core can obtain power steadily (9.91 W/kg) when the current fluctuation between 50 and 600 A.
Flexible blanket synthetic aperture radar jamming using joint frequency and phase modulation
Authors: Wu Qihua , Liu Xiaobin , Xu Zhiming , Zhao Feng , Gu Zhaoyu , Xiao Shunping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) jamming is of vital significance in the national defence aspect. In this study, a flexible blanket jamming method against SAR is proposed using joint frequency and phase modulation. The proposed method can form two‐dimensional square‐shaped blanket sidelobes in the SAR image by coded phase modulation in both fast and slow time domain. Then an extra frequency modulation is further executed to flexibly adjust the jamming centre. The target of interest (TOI) can get more effectively protected according to the different relative locations between the TOI and jammer. On this basis, the jamming performance evaluation and parameter design principles are discussed in detail. Finally, the validity of the proposed jamming method is verified by both the Yake‐42 aircraft simulation and measured SAR data experiment.
Model predictive control of modular multilevel converter based on fixed switch state set for offshore wind power
Authors: Zhang Yang , Luo Chaokui , Yi Wenjing , Luo Bing , Cheng Zhun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper aims at the problems of the traditional modular model predictive control (MPC) of modular multilevel converter (MMC) with huge computational complexity and high equivalent switching frequency. In this paper, a model predictive control method based on fixed switch state set (FSS‐MPC) is proposed. In this method, two cost functions are used to control phase current and circulating current. Meanwhile, the number of the upper and lower on‐state sub‐modules (SM) is obtained by cost functions. In order to obtain the optimal switching sequence of SM, FSS‐MPC adopts a SM capacitive voltage balancing strategy which has low sorting frequency. Under the control of the FSS‐MPC, the amount of switch combination and sorting computation are greatly reduced. In addition, the switching frequency is extremely low. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy, a simulation system of 11‐level MMC for offshore wind power has built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform.
Far-infrared line emission from the outer Galaxy cluster Gy 3–7 with SOFIA/FIFI-LS: Physical conditions and UV fields
Authors: Lê N. , Karska A. , Figueira M. , Sewiło M. , Mirocha A. , Fischer Ch. , Kaźmierczak-Barthel M. , Klein R. , Gawroński M. , Koprowski M. , Kowalczyk K. , Fischer W. J. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , König C. , Kristensen L. E. 
Published: April 2023

Context. Far-infrared (FIR) line emission provides key information about the gas cooling and heating due to shocks and UV radiation associated with the early stages of star formation. Gas cooling via FIR lines might, however, depend on metallicity.
Aims. We aim to quantify the FIR line emission and determine the spatial distribution of the CO rotational temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation field, and H2 number density toward the embedded cluster Gy 3–7 in the CMa–l224 star-forming region, whose metallicity is expected to be intermediate between that of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Solar neighborhood. By comparing the total luminosities of CO and [OI] toward Gy 3–7 with values found for low- and high-mass protostars extending over a broad range of metallicities, we also aim to identify the possible effects of metallicity on the FIR line cooling within our Galaxy.
Methods. We studied SOFIA/FIFI-LS spectra of Gy 3–7, covering several CO transitions from J = 14–13 to 31-30, the OH doublet at 79 μm, the [OI] 63.2 and 145.5 μm, and the [CII] 158 μm lines. The field of view covers a 2′ × 1′ region with a resolution of ~7″–18″.
Results. The spatial extent of CO high-J (Jup ≥14) emission resembles that of the elongated 160 μm continuum emission detected with Herschel, but its peaks are offset from the positions of the dense cores. The [OI] lines at 63.2 μm and 145.5 μm follow a similar pattern, but their peaks are found closer to the positions of the cores. The CO transitions from J = 14–13 to J = 16–15 are detected throughout the cluster and show a median rotational temperature of 170 ± 30 K on Boltzmann diagrams. Comparisons to other protostars observed with Berschel show a good agreement with intermediate-mass sources in the inner Galaxy. Assuming an origin of the [OI] and high-J CO emission in UV-irradiated C–shocks, we obtained pre-shock H2 number densities of 104–105 cm−3 and UV radiation field strengths of 0.1–10 Habing fields (G0).
Conclusions. Far-IR line observations reveal ongoing star formation in Gy 3–7, dominated by intermediate-mass Class 0/I young stellar objects. The ratio of molecular-to-atomic far-IR line emission shows a decreasing trend with bolometric luminosities of the protostars. However, it does not indicate that the low-metallicity has an impact on the line cooling in Gy 3–7.
Diabetes mellitus und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Kleinwechter Helmut , Nolte Andreas , Demandt Norbert 
Published: April 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTherapiebedürftige Hyperglykämien gehören weltweit zu den häufigsten Schwangerschaftskomplikationen. Die größte Gruppe bilden Frauen mit Gestationsdiabetes mellitus, gefolgt von Frauen mit bekanntem Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus. Die Betreuung ist komplex und verlangt ein gutes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Fachgebiete. Dieser Beitrag bietet eine Übersicht zu bewährten Therapiestrategien und erläutert neue Erkenntnisse, u. a. zur SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie.
Long-term follow-up after transoral outlet reduction following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Back to stage 0?
Authors: Brunaldi Vitor Ottoboni , Peixoto de Oliveira Guilherme Henrique , Kerbage Anthony , Ribas Pedro Henrique , Nunes Felipe , Faria Galileu , de Moura Diogo , Riccioppo Daniel , Santo Marco , de Moura Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Significant weight regain affects up to one-third of patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and demands treatment. Transoral outlet reduction (TORe) with argon plasma coagulation (APC) alone or APC plus full-thickness suturing TORe (APC-FTS) is effective in the short term. However, no study has investigated the course of gastrojejunostomy (GJ) or quality of life (QOL) data after the first post-procedure year.
Patients and methods Patients eligible for a 36-month follow-up visit after TORe underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with measurement of the GJ and answered QOL questionnaires (RAND-36). The primary aim was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of TORe, including weight loss, QOL, and GJ anastomosis (GJA) size. Comparisons between APC and APC-FTS TORe were a secondary aim.
Results Among 39 eligible patients, 29 returned for the 3-year follow-up visit. There were no significant differences in demographics between APC and APC-FTS TORe groups. At 3 years, patients from both groups regained all the weight lost at 12 months, and the GJ diameter was similar to the pre-procedure assessment. As to QOL, most improvements seen at 12 months were lost at 3 years, returning to pre-procedure levels. Only the energy/fatigue domain improvement was kept between the 1- and 3-year visits.
Conclusions Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease. Most effects of TORe are lost at 3 years, and redilation of the GJA occurs. Therefore, TORe should be considered iterative rather than a one-off procedure.
The association between fetal Doppler and uterine artery blood volume flow in term pregnancies: a pilot study
Authors: La Verde Marco , Torella Marco , Ronsini Carlo , Riemma Gaetano , Cobellis Luigi , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Capristo Carlo , Rapisarda Agnese Maria Chiara , Morlando Maddalena , De Franciscis Pasquale 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between uterine artery blood volume flow and fetal Doppler indices in term pregnancies.
Materials and Methods A prospective observational study in a tertiary-care university hospital was performed between December 2021 and May 2022. We included only term pregnancies that received accurate ultrasound scans until a week before the birth. The uterine artery (UtA) diameter and UtA volume blood flow were estimated and recorded. The volume of each artery was summed to obtain the total uterine artery volume blood flow (QUtA). The following fetal Doppler indices were evaluated: Umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), ductus venosus (DV), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the QUtA and the fetal Doppler indices.
Results 49 pregnancies were included. The UA pulsatility index (PI) analysis showed a signiﬁcant association with QUtA (r2=0.40, p=0.01), demonstrating a decrease of the UA PI when the QUtA increased. The same relationship was noted between the UtA mean PI and QUtA (r2=0.41, p=0.005). A weak correlation between the newborn weight and the QUtA was also noted (r2=0.31, p=0.048), with an elevated newborn weight when the QUtA was high.
Conclusion This study showed that UA, UtA PI, and birth weight seem to be linked to QUtA. QUtA had an inverse correlation with UA and UtA PI. In addition, increasing the QUtA showed a linear increase in fetal birth weight. These findings could be helpful in high-risk pregnancy management, but additional research is needed to identify how QUtA in the third trimester impacts labor and fetal outcomes.
A New Domino Reaction under Microwave Irradiation for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolinones
Authors: Dolzhenko Anton V. , Ng Jia Hui , Lim Felicia Phei Lin , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolinones were synthesized by consecutive pyrazole and quinazolinone ring closures in a new catalyst-free microwave-promoted domino reaction of hydrazine with 2-cyano-3-(methylthio)-3-(2-methoxycarbonylphenylamino)acrylates, which were prepared from methyl anthranilate and 2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylates. When 2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylates reacted directly with anthranilic acid hydrazide, the arylamino group remained intact, while the hydrazide moiety transformed into 1-acylpyrazoles and further to 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazolylidene)-2-cyanoacetates. The structures of representatives from each group of the prepared heterocyclic compounds were examined in detail by X-ray crystallography.
Copper(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4-Conjugate Hydrophos­phination of α,β-Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Wang Zi-Qing , Yin Liang , Wang Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA copper-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-conjugate hydrophosphination is achieved by employing α,β-unsaturated esters as electrophiles and diarylphosphines as pronucleophiles. An array of chiral phosphines was prepared in high to excellent enantioselectivity. Moreover, a triple catalytic symmetric conjugate hydrophosphination occurred smoothly to afford the product.
Synthesis of Boronates with a Protoilludane Skeleton
Authors: Bach Thorsten , Proessdorf Johanna , Jandl Christian , Pickl Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNaturally occurring sesquiterpenes with a protoilludane skeleton are frequently oxygenated at carbon atoms C4 and C8. Boronic acid pinacol esters (BPin) are potential precursors for hydroxy groups at these positions and synthetic methods have now been developed for their preparation. Introduction of a boronate in position C4 was achieved by Cu-catalyzed hydroboration of a photochemically generated cyclobutene precursor, which displayed the complete C15-carbon skeleton of protoilludanes. Introduction of BPin at carbon atom C8 was possible by starting with an alkenyl boronate as precursor in a photochemical transformation. A two-photon reaction cascade allowed for creation of the complete protoilludane skeleton with BPin selectively positioned at C8. Subsequent reactions were studied and the oxidative transformation of the boronates into the respective alcohols was shown.
Unmet Needs of Oral Cancer Survivors in India: A Perspective
Authors: Mitra Sayantan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOral cancer is one of the predominant forms of cancer that alters the livelihood of survivors. They can have many unmet needs. However, very little research has been done on this topic, especially in India. This commentary piece discusses what unmet needs could mean, how the disease culminates differently and creates different realities, how the research and policymaking have been done and how it could be improved.
Update on Familial Adenomatous Polyposis-Associated Desmoid Tumors
Authors: Yang Wanjun , Ding Pei-Rong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDesmoid tumors (DT) represent the second high risk of tumor in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. Although FAP-associated DTs (FAP-DT) are caused by germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, extracolonic manifestations, sex, family history, genotype, and the ileal pouch anal anastomosis procedure are all linked to the development of DTs in FAP patients. Multidisciplinary management has replaced aggressive surgery as the preferred treatment of DTs. There is growing evidence to support the use of active surveillance strategy as first-line treatment for FAP-DT patients. Radiotherapy for intra-abdominal desmoids is now rarely used because of severe late toxicity. Pharmacotherapy, however, represents a promising future with the improvement of traditional cytotoxic drugs and the investigation of targeted drugs. Although nonsurgery treatment has been used widely nowadays, surgery remains the mainstay when symptomatic or life-threatening DTs are present. Further research will be needed for more optimal clinical practice.
A Review of Neurological Symptoms in Long COVID and Clinical Management
Authors: Navis Allison 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong COVID is a clinical diagnosis generally referring to the persistence or development of new symptoms, affecting multiple organ systems after SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 infection. Long COVID is thought to affect ∼20% of people after infection, including all age ranges and severity of infection. Fatigue, postexertional malaise, and respiratory and cardiac symptoms are commonly described. Neurological symptoms such as cognitive changes, sensory disturbances, headaches, and dysautonomia are common as well. The underlying pathophysiology remains unclear but immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, persistent viral reservoirs, and microvascular dysfunction have been implicated. As there are no tests at this time to diagnose long COVID, work-up should be focused on assessing reversible or treatable causes of symptoms. Furthermore, no treatments for long COVID currently exist, and management remains focused on a multimodal approach and symptom management, with many people showing improvement in symptoms over time.
Experimental setup for measuring the dispersion forces by the adhered cantilever method
Authors: Postnikov Alexander V. , Uvarov Ilia V. , Svetovoy Vitaly B. 
Published: April 2023

Dispersion forces start to play role in modern micro/nanoelectromechanical devices, but the methods to measure these forces at distances close to contact (&lt;50 nm) suffer from pull-in instability. The method of adhered cantilever proposed recently has no instability and is able to make measurements at short separations. To measure the force at the average distance between surfaces in contact, one has to know the shape of an elastic beam with one end fixed at a height of 1–10 μm and the other end adhered to the substrate. The maximum contribution to this shape from the dispersion forces is in a range of 30–100 nm, which is well measurable by the interferometric methods. This paper describes the instrument, measurements, and data processing that make possible the reconstruction of the beam shape with an accuracy of 1 nm in a height range of at least 5000 nm. Critical steps of the fabrication procedure of cantilevers that are 12 mm long, 200 μm wide, and 10 μm thick are described. The interferometer measures the shape based on the differential interference-contrast method; the scanning is realized by a stage with a step of 0.1 μm. The signal recorded from the adhered cantilever has a noise level of 0.33 nm at a maximum sensitivity in a frequency band of 20 MHz. It is concluded that the instrument and data processing algorithm can be used to measure the dispersion forces and adhesion energies between rough surfaces in unloaded contact.
Pentoxifylline promotes spermatogenesis via upregulation of the Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway in a mouse model of germ-cell apoptosis induced by testicular torsion–detorsion
Authors: Akanji Omotosho Dhulqarnain , Hassanzadeh Golamreza , Malekzadeh Mehrnoush , Khanmohammadi Nasrin , Khanezad Maryam , Sadeghiani Ghazaleh , Rastegar Tayebeh 
Published: April 2023

Context Testicular torsion–detorsion results in loss of germ cells and infertility. Pentoxifylline has been shown to prevent tissue damage. Aims To determine the effect of pentoxifylline on germ cell survival in torsion–detorsion induced apoptosis Methods Twenty male mice were divided into four groups of five animals each: Control, T1 (Torsion–detorsion + single dose 100 mg/kg Pentoxifylline/IP), T2 (Torsion–detorsion + daily 20 mg/kg pentoxifylline/IP for 2 weeks, and T/D (Torsion–detorsion only). 35th day after torsion–detorsion, the left testes of all the animals were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis. Key results Histomorpholoical analysis showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in seminiferous tubule diameter, Johnsen’s score and germ cells of Control and T1 compared to T2 and T/D, with no significant difference (P > 0.05) in testis weight, sertoli, leydig and myoid cells. Tunnel assay showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in apoptotic cells of T/D and T2 animals compared to Control and T1. RT-PCR analysis showed significant high (P < 0.01) mRNA expression of Bax gene in T/D compared to T1 and T2 and significant increase (P < 0.05) of Bcl2 in Control, T1, T2 compared to T/D. Nrf2-ARE transcripts revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in Control and T1 compared to T2 and T/D. Western blot showed significantly increased (P < 0.05) caspase-3 in T/D compared to Control, T1 and T2. Conclusion Pentoxifylline promotes spermatogenesis and suppressed apoptosis induced by testicular torsion–detorsion. Implication Pentoxifylline could serve as adjunct therapy to surgery in the treatment of torsion–detorsion induced germ cell apoptosis.
Influence of rare earth metals on volumetric characteristics of Al-Ni-Co-R alloys in crystalline and liquid states
Authors: Rusanov B A , Sidorov V E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Density of Al-Ni-Co-R (R = Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Yb) glass-forming alloys is studied experimentally by gamma-absorption method in a wide temperature range including crystalline and liquid states. Molar volumes and thermal expansion coefficients are calculated from the experimental data. It is shown that these melts remain strongly microheterogeneous systems at small overheatings above liquidus. Some regimes of melt heat treatment before quenching are discussed.
An FPGA-based dual-wavelength correlated imaging system with flexible frame rates for temperature distributions
Authors: Li Weiqing , Cao Zhang , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Wanpeng , Xu Lijun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A correlated imaging system with a flexible frame rate was proposed and fabricated on a field programmable gate array for the acquisition of temperature images. Real-time images of temperatures are reconstructed on chip at a frame rate of 10 Hz, and higher rates up to 1280 frames per second are also achieved in the case of resolution sacrifice. The compressive sensing method enables the flexible frame rate for dynamic temperature images. An incandescent filament was imaged and compared using the proposed imaging system and a commercial charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Reconstructed images of temperature distributions agree well with those from the camera in the range from 1500 K to 2500 K. Moreover, the proposed system captures the excitation frequency of an acoustically excited flame by varying the frame rate. The simple structure and flexible frame rate provide an alternative to dynamical temperature imaging, especially in cases where the common CCD camera fails to work due to its slow response.
The metrological structural resolution for dimensional x-ray CT: analysis of the comparability between the CEB and the PBS method
Authors: Laquai René , Illemann Jens , Bartscher Markus , Neuschaefer-Rube Ulrich 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The metrological structural resolution (MSR) describes the size of the smallest surface feature that can be measured dimensionally with a given accuracy. Several methods to determine the MSR for dimensional x-ray CT (dXCT) have been proposed in the past, two of which are compared and related in this publication, i.e. the curved-edge based (CEB) and the profile-based spectral (PBS) method. Both methods consider the surface structure as being described by a single surface on the relevant local scale and are also suitable for the application to optical or tactile coordinate measurement systems (CMSs). The CEB method evaluates the radii of circular shapes to determine the width of the Gaussian filter that describes the filtering of the surface by the CMS. The PBS method evaluates the instrument transfer function (ITF) determined by means of the measurement of a surface profile with a broad-band spatial frequency spectrum with a finite cut-off frequency. The PBS method yields the threshold wavelength for which the amplitude of the ITF drops below a certain level. While the resulting quantities of the two methods are very different they evaluate the same characteristic of the CMS. In this publication an analytical relation between those results is derived and shown to exist which is used to define the MSR. Simulated CT scans as well as dXCT measurements are performed to verify this relation. The results for the MSR obtained from both methods are consistent and deviations to the expectations based on theory are within a reasonable range.