bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherent mode induced by supersonic molecular beam injection in EAST Ohmic plasmas
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Geng Kangning , Zeng Long , Xiao Weiwen , Ye Kaixuan , Zhang Tao , Cao Bin , Zhu Xiang , Tang Tian , Liu Haiqing , Ti Ang , Zhao Hailin , Gao Zhe , Tan Yi , Zhou Chu , Liu Ah Di , Wu Muquan , Hao Baolong , Li Hang , Li Guoqiang , Gao Xiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A coherent mode (CM) induced by the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) was observed in Ohmic plasmas of EAST tokamak. The CM existed in the spectra of the electron temperature fluctuation and density fluctuation, but not in the spectrum of Mirnov fluctuation. The radial location of the CM was about 10 cm inside the separatrix (normalized minor radius

ρ
∼
0.75

). In most cases, the CM has multiple discrete frequencies between

5
∼
20

kHz

with an interval of ∼1 kHz. Occasionally, there is only one dominant frequency. The poloidal scale of the CM (poloidal wavenumber

k
θ

∼
0.4

c

m

−
1

, poloidal mode number

m
∼
20

) is between that of typical ion turbulence and macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic activities. Statistical analysis results suggest that the onset of the CM requires a high temperature gradient and a relatively low density gradient. Furthermore, the transport analysis shows that the SMBI-caused perturbation propagates inward faster in plasmas with stronger CM, which implies that the CM might be correlated to a high local transport level. However, the impact of the CM on macroscopic plasma parameters including stored energy, energy confinement time, and SMBI-caused mean density fluctuation is too weak to be found in comparison with the random fluctuation and the measurement errors, which suggests that the CM does not have a clear influence on the global confinement.
Evidence of production of keV Sn+ ions in the H2 buffer gas surrounding an Sn-plasma EUV source
Authors: Rai S , Bijlsma K I , Poirier L , de Wit E , Assink L , Lassise A , Rabadán I , Méndez L , Sheil J , Versolato O O , Hoekstra R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Charge-state-resolved kinetic energy spectra of Sn ions ejected from a laser-produced plasma (LPP) of Sn have been measured at different densities of the H2 buffer gas surrounding a micro-droplet LPP. In the absence of H2, energetic keV Sn ions with charge states ranging from 4+ to 8+ are measured. For the H2 densities used in the experiments no appreciable stopping or energy loss of the ions is observed. However, electron capture by Sn ions from H2 results in a rapid shift toward lower charge states. At the highest H2 pressure of

6
×

10

−
4

mbar, only Sn2+ and Sn+ ions are measured. The occurrence of Sn+ ions is remarkable due to the endothermic nature of electron capture by Sn2+ ions from H2. To explain the production of keV Sn+ ions, it is proposed that their generation is due to electron capture by metastable Sn

2
+
∗

ions. The gateway role of metastable Sn

2
+
∗

is underpinned by model simulations using atomic collision cross sections to track the charge states of Sn ions while traversing the H2 buffer gas.
Phase estimation of local Hamiltonians on NISQ hardware
Authors: Clinton Laura , Bausch Johannes , Klassen Joel , Cubitt Toby 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work we investigate a binned version of quantum phase estimation (QPE) set out by Somma (2019 New J. Phys.
21 123025) and known as the quantum eigenvalue estimation problem (QEEP). Specifically, we determine whether the circuit decomposition techniques we set out in previous work, Clinton et al (2021 Nat. Commun.
12 1–10), can improve the performance of QEEP in the noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) regime. To this end we adopt a physically motivated abstraction of NISQ device capabilities as in Clinton et al (2021 Nat. Commun.
12 1–10). Within this framework, we find that our techniques reduce the threshold at which it becomes possible to perform the minimum two-bin instance of this algorithm by an order of magnitude. This is for the specific example of a two dimensional spin Fermi-Hubbard model. For example, we estimate that the depolarizing single qubit error rate required to implement a minimum two bin example of QEEP—with a

5
×
5

Fermi-Hubbard model and up to a precision of

10
%

—can be reduced from 10−7 to 10−5. We explore possible modifications to this protocol and propose an application, which we dub randomized quantum eigenvalue estimation problem (rQEEP). rQEEP outputs estimates on the fraction of eigenvalues which lie within randomly chosen bins and upper bounds the total deviation of these estimates from the true values. One use case we envision for this algorithm is resolving density of states features of local Hamiltonians.
Entropy production in active Rouse polymers
Authors: Dutta Sandipan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Active polymers are the archetype of nonequilibrium viscoelastic systems that constantly consume energy to produce motion. The activity of many biopolymers is essential to many life processes. The entropy production rate quantifies their non-equilibrium nature through the breaking of the time reversal symmetry. In this work we build an analytical model of active polymers as active Rouse polymers where the beads are active OrnsteinUhlenbeck particles (AOUP) and calculate their entropy production. The interactions between the beads are decoupled through the normal mode analysis and the entropy production can be solved analytically. We obtain the contribution of each Rouse mode in the entropy production and the dependence of the entropy production on the polymer properties like length. We find that the entropy production is zero for a passive Rouse polymer in the presence of thermal bath as well as for an active Rouse polymer in the absence of thermal bath. For an active chain in the presence of a thermal bath the entropy production is non-zero. In this case we find that the local temporal entropy production dominates the non-local entropy production.
Mechanical arm(s) driven by Josephson junction circuit(s), mimicking the movement pattern of myriapods
Authors: Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Balamurali Ramakrishnan , Kuiate Gaetan Fautso , Akgül Akif , Nana Bonaventure 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The major interest of this article is to investigate a single and an array of mechanical arms driven by Josephson junction (JJ) circuits and their applications in mimicking the locomotion of myriapods. Stability analysis of a single mechanical arm driven by a JJ circuit resulted in two equilibrium points and a switch of their stability for specific values of the stimulation current. Results of the numerical simulations reproduce the motion of myriapods in agreement with existing results and the proposed electromechanical system overcomes the difficulties of coupling many JJ circuits or other models of neuron circuits in actuating a single mechanical arm for mimicking the locomotion of myriapods. Actuation of the mechanical arm driven by a JJ circuit is confirmed by numerical simulations which are sensitive to the action of the electromagnetic signal and the effect of mass. The progressive excitation of the mechanical arms of the array of the electromechanical system as demonstrated by the numerical simulations is similar to the straightforward motion of myriapods.
Velocity-dependent J-factors for Milky Way dwarf spheroidal analogues in cosmological simulations
Authors: Blanchette Keagan , Piccirillo Erin , Bozorgnia Nassim , Strigari Louis E. , Fattahi Azadeh , Frenk Carlos S. , Navarro Julio F. , Sawala Till 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the impact of the dark matter velocity distribution modelling on signals from velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation in Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Using the high resolution APOSTLE simulations, we identify analogues corresponding to Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and from these directly determine the dark matter pair-wise relative velocity distribution, and compare to best-fitting Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution models. For three velocity-dependent annihilation models, p-wave, d-wave, and the Sommerfeld model, we quantify the errors introduced when using the Maxwell-Boltzmann parameterization. We extract a simple power-law relation between the maximum circular velocity of the dwarf spheroidal analogue and the peak speed of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. We show that this relation can be used to accurately calculate the dark matter relative velocity distribution, and find that it allows us to estimate the dark matter annihilation signal without the need to directly calculate the relative velocity distribution for each galaxy. The scatter in the J-factors calculated from the analogues dominates the uncertainty obtained when compared to the J-factor as determined from the observational data for each dwarf spheroidal, with the largest scatter from d-wave models and the smallest from Sommerfeld models.
Analytical Study of the Co-orbital Motion in the Circular Restricted Three-body Problem
Authors: Shen Xinhe , Liu Tao , Liao Xinhao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the restricted three-body problem (RTBP), if a small body and a planet stably orbit around a central star with almost exactly the same semimajor axis, and thus almost the same mean motion, this phenomenon is called the co-orbital motion, or equivalently, the 1:1 mean motion resonance. The classical expansion of the disturbing function is divergent when the semimajor axis ratio of the small body to the planet is close to unity. Thus, most of the previous studies on the co-orbital dynamics were carried out through numerical integrations or semi-analytical approaches. In this work, we construct an analytical averaged model for the co-orbital motion in the framework of the circular RTBP. This model is valid in the entire coorbital region except in the vicinity of the collision singularity. The results of the analytical averaged model are in good agreement with the numerical averaged model even for moderate eccentricities and inclinations. The analytical model can reproduce the tadpole, horseshoe and quasi-satellite orbits common in the planar problem. Furthermore, the asymmetry of 1:1 resonance and the compound orbits (Icarus 137:293–314) in the general spatial problem can also be obtained from the analytical model.
Modelling ambient PM2.5 exposure at an ultra-high resolution and associated health burden in megacity Delhi: exposure reduction target for 2030
Authors: Tiwari Shashi , Kumar Alok , Mantri Supriya , Dey Sagnik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Deriving hyperlocal information about fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is critical for quantifying exposure disparities and managing air quality at neighborhood scales in cities. Delhi is one of the most polluted megacities in the world, where ground-based monitoring was limited before 2017. Here we estimate ambient PM2.5 exposure at 100 m × 100 m spatial resolution for the period 2002–2019 using the random forest model. The model-predicted daily and annual PM2.5 show a ten-fold cross-validation R
2 of 0.91 and 0.95 and root mean square error of 19.3 and 9.7 μg m−3, respectively, against coincident ground measurements from the Central Pollution Control Board ground network. Annual mean PM2.5 exposure varied in the range of 90–160 μg m−3 in Delhi, with shifts in local hotspots and a reduction in spatial heterogeneity over the years. Mortality burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 in Delhi increased by 49.7% from 9188 (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 6241–12 161) in 2002 to 13 752 (10 065–19 899) in 2019, out of which only 16% contribution was due to the rise in PM2.5 exposure. The mortality burden in 2002 and 2019 are found to be higher by 10% and 3.1%, respectively, for exposure assessment at 100 m scale relative to the estimates with 1 km scale. The proportion of diseases in excess mortality attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure remained similar over the years. Delhi can meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of reducing the non-communicable disease burden attributable to PM2.5 by one-third in 2030 relative to 2015 by reducing ambient PM2.5 exposure below the World Health Organization’s first interim target of 35 μg m−3. Our results demonstrate that machine learning can be a useful tool in exposure modelling and air quality management at a hyperlocal scale in cities.
Low specific absorption rate quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output limber antenna integrated with flexible frequency selective surface for WBAN applications
Authors: Govindan Thennarasi , Palaniswamy Sandeep Kumar , Kanagasabai Malathi , Kumar Sachin , Alsath Mohammed Gulam Nabi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the design and analysis of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) textile antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The MIMO antenna is comprised of four identical modified rhombus-shaped monopole antenna elements of size of 0.57

λ
0

×

0.57

λ
0

×

0.015

λ
0

, where

λ
0

is the wavelength calculated at the lowest operating frequency. The antenna is backed by a 6

×
6

frequency selective surface (FSS) of dimensions of 0.84

λ
0

×

0.84

λ
0

×

0.015

λ
0

to improve gain and to reduce specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna has an impedance bandwidth (S
11 ⩽ −10 dB) of 8.8 GHz (2.8–11.6 GHz) and isolation of >19 dB between the resonating elements. In order to assess the MIMO antenna’s flexibility, the bending analysis is performed for various bending radii. The obtained diversity metrics are: envelope correlation coefficient <0.5 dB, diversity gain <10 dB, channel capacity loss <0.4 bits s−1 Hz−1, and total active reflection coefficient <−10 dB. The performance of the antenna with and without FSS is investigated for gain enhancement and SAR reduction. With the help of FSS, the antenna gain is increased to 8.44 dBi, and the SAR reduced from 6.99 Watt kg−1 to 0.0273 Watt kg−1. The FSS achieves the highest efficiency of 96%. The designed antenna is suitable for smart textile applications due to its low SAR, high gain, and wider impedance bandwidth.
Effect of aluminium filler concentration on delamination in GFRP composite with optimized machining conditions using ANN-genetic algorithm
Authors: Aveen K P , Londhe Neelakantha , Ullal Vignesh Nayak , Pranesh Rao K M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drilling is the most common operation that is performed on the composite material to facilitate the fastening of a composite with other components in an assembly. The present investigation investigates the most significant parameter that affects the quality of the drilled hole in glass fiber-reinforced composites. Epoxy resin is used in the matrix phase. Aluminum powder is used as a filler material in the epoxy matrix to reduce delamination. Laminated composites were fabricated by the hand-layup process with 0%, 3%, and 6 vol% aluminum fillers. Holes were drilled in the composites with the help of a computer numerical controlled drilling machine equipped with a dynamometer. Spindle speeds of 1000, 3000, and 5000 rpm, and feed rates of 50, 100, and 150 mm min−1 were the variables involved in the study. The thrust force and torque experienced during the machining process were measured. An artificial neural network model was executed using python programing language. The data obtained from the model was optimized using genetic algorithm to arrive the optimized machining conditions that would result in least delamination due to drilling.
High-throughput shoot phenotyping reveals temporal growth responses to nitrogen and inorganic and organic phosphorus sources in tomato
Authors: Ngo Hue T T , Cavagnaro Timothy R , Jewell Nathaniel , Brien Christopher J , Berger Bettina , Watts-Williams Stephanie J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers to soils is required to maintain crop yields, so the sufficient and timely delivery of nutrients to match crop demand is important in fertilizer management. We quantified temporal growth responses of tomato plants with different rates of N and P application using high-throughput shoot phenotyping. The tomato plants were grown in soil that had organic, inorganic or a combination of sources of P incorporated. Additional N was added to each pot at low and high rates, 13 days after planting. At the same rate of total P application, the inorganic P source resulted in greater shoot growth at the early time points. Later on, the plants supplied with organic or mixed P sources grew faster than those that received the inorganic P source, resulting in comparable shoot biomass in all treatments at the time of destructive harvest. The shoot phenotyping data demonstrated that readily available soil P was important for early tomato growth while available N was more important in later stages of vegetative growth. These results suggest that a fertilizer formulation of combined inorganic and organic P sources may be able to sustain rapid and great shoot growth in tomato plants, while also reducing additional N input.
Overview of hydrogen-resistant alloys for high-pressure hydrogen environment: on the hydrogen energy structural materials
Authors: Liu Jiaxing , Zhao Mingjiu , Rong Lijian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the progressive expansion of hydrogen fuel demand, hydrogen pipelines, hydrogen storage cylinders and hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs) are the primary components of hydrogen energy systems that face high-pressure hydrogen environments. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a typical phenomenon in metallic materials, particularly in the high-pressure hydrogen environment, that causes loss of ductility and potentially catastrophic failure. HE is associated with materials, the service environment and stress. The primary mechanisms for explaining the HE of materials are hydrogen-enhanced decohesion, hydrogen-induced phase transformation, hydrogen-enhanced local plasticity, adsorption-induced dislocation emission and hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancy. To reduce the risk of HE for metallic structural materials used in hydrogen energy systems, it is crucial to reasonably select hydrogen-resistant materials for high-pressure hydrogen environments. This paper summarizes HE phenomena, mechanisms and current problems for the metallic structural materials of hydrogen energy systems. A research perspective is also proposed, mainly focusing on metal structural materials for hydrogen pipelines, hydrogen storage cylinders and hydrogen compressors in HRSs from an application perspective.
The consequences of sea lamprey parasitism on lake trout energy budgets
Authors: Firkus Tyler J , Lika Konstadia , Dean Noah , Murphy Cheryl A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Parasitism is an energetically costly event for host species. Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory describes the metabolic dynamics of an individual organism through its lifetime. Models derived from DEB theory specify how an organism converts food to reserves (maintenance-free energy available for metabolism) and allocates mobilized reserves to maintenance, growth (increase of structural body mass) and maturation or reproduction. DEB models thus provide a useful approach to describe the consequences of parasitism for host species. We developed a DEB model for siscowet lake trout and modeled the impact of sea lamprey parasitism on growth and reproduction using data collected from studies documenting the long-term effects following a non-lethal sea lamprey attack. The model was parameterized to reflect the changes in allocation of energy towards growth and reproduction observed in lake trout following sea lamprey parasitism and includes an estradiol module that describes the conversion of reproductive reserves to ovarian mass based on estradiol concentration. In our DEB model, parasitism increased somatic and maturity maintenance costs, reduced estradiol and decreased the estradiol-mediated conversion efficiency of reproductive reserves to ovarian mass. Muscle lipid composition of lake trout influenced energy mobilization from the reserve (efficiency of converting reserves allocated to reproduction into eggs) and reproductive efficiency. These model changes accurately reflect observed empirical changes to ovarian mass and growth. This model provides a plausible explanation of the energetic mechanisms that lead to skipped spawning following sea lamprey parasitism and could be used in population models to explore sublethal impacts of sea lamprey parasitism and other stressors on population dynamics.
The fragility index in randomized clinical trials supporting clinical practice guidelines for acute coronary syndrome: measuring robustness from a different perspective
Authors: Gonzalez-Del-Hoyo Maribel , Mas-Llado Caterina , Blaya-Peña Laura , Siquier-Padilla Joan , Peral Vicente , Rossello Xavier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
In randomized clinical trials (RCTs) rejecting the null hypothesis, the fragility index (FI) yields the minimum number of participants who would need to have had a different outcome for the results of the trial to become non-significant. We evaluated the robustness of RCTs supporting American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) using the FI.

Methods and results
There were 407 RCTs among the 2128 studies cited in the 2013 and 2014 ACC/AHA and 2017 and 2020 ESC CPGs for STEMI and NSTE-ACS, respectively. The FI could be calculated in 132 RCTs (32.4%) meeting the needed criteria for its estimation (two-arm RCT, 1:1 allocation, binary outcome, P &lt; 0.05). The median FI was 12 (interquartile range: 4–29). Hence, a change in the outcome status of 12 patients would be needed to reverse the statistical significance of the primary endpoint in 50% of the RCTs. The FI was ≤1% than their sample size in 55.7% RCTs, whereas in 47% of RCTs, the FI was lower than the number of patients lost to follow-up. Some study design features were associated with a higher FI (international, multicentre, private funding; all P &lt; 0.05), whilst baseline patient characteristics were not substantially different by FI (e.g. age, female sex, white study participants; all P &gt; 0.05), except for geographic enrolment (P = 0.042).

Conclusion
The FI might be useful to evaluate the robustness of those RCTs with statistically significant findings for the primary endpoint that have an impact on key guideline recommendations.
The highs and the lows: bank failures in Sweden through inflation and deflation, 1914–1926
Authors: Kenny Seán , Ögren Anders , Zhao Liang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper revisits the Swedish banking crisis (1919–1926) that materialized as post-war deflation replaced wartime inflation (1914–1918). Inspired by Fisher’s “debt deflation theory,” we employ survival analysis to “predict” which banks would fail, given certain ex-ante bank characteristics. Our tests support the theory; maturity structures mattered most in a regime of falling prices, with vulnerable shorter-term customer loans and bank liabilities representing the most consistent cause of bank distress in the crisis. Similarly, stronger growth in (1) leverage, (2) weaker collateral loans, and (3) foreign borrowing during the boom were all associated with bank failure.