bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Twin Pregnant Women With Anemia
Authors: Lin Nacheng , Shen Ping , Hu Huilian , Song Wenying , Hu Yali , Dai Yimin , Zhou Yi-Hua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anemia in twin pregnancies and the influence of anemia on maternal and neonatal outcomes. This retrospective study included twin pregnant women who delivered in a tertiary hospital in China from January 2018 to December 2018. Patients were divided by WHO criteria (hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL): the anemic and nonanemic groups. Patients with anemia were further classified as recovered or unrecovered subgroup after oral iron therapy. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women carrying twins were compared using Student’sttest and the chi-squared test or the Fisher exact test. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association of maternal and neonatal characteristics with anemia. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate mean birth weight and gestational week. The prevalence of anemia was 42.6% (182/427) in twin pregnancies. The anemic group had higher rates of low 1-minute Apgar score (4.4% vs. 1.8%,p= .028), perinatal death (1.9% vs. 0.2%,p= .012) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (27.2% vs. 20.2%,p= .017; adjustedOR, 1.478; 95% CI [1.07, 2.044]). The recovered subgroup had lower NICU admission rate (13.5% vs. 30.3%,p= .006;OR, 0.388; 95% CI [0.186, 0.809]), higher gestational week and birth weight (β, 0.954 week; 95% CI [0.114, 1.794] and β, 171.01 g; 95% CI [9.894, 332.126] respectively). The prevalence of anemia in twin gestation is high. Anemia is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, and correction of anemia significantly improved the pregnancy outcomes.
Asymmetrical Precipitation Sensitivity to Temperature Across Global Dry and Wet Regions
Authors: Liang Juan , Liu Xianfeng , AghaKouchak Amir , Ciais Philippe , Fu Bojie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobal warming is expected to increase precipitation extremes. However, the response of extreme precipitation to global warming in various climates remains unclear. Here, we analyzed changes in the sensitivities of extreme and mean precipitation to temperature across the dry and wet regions of the world during 1960–1999 and 2060–2099 using global climate models. Both extreme and mean precipitation exhibited similar spatial patterns; however, the magnitude of sensitivity for extreme precipitation was approximately three times higher (19%/K) than for mean precipitation (6%/K). A higher precipitation sensitivity to temperature was observed in the dry regions than in the wet regions. Dry regions exhibited a four‐ to five‐fold higher temperature sensitivity for mean precipitation, and marginally higher temperature sensitivity for extreme precipitation than wet regions. These findings highlight the importance of implementing adaptive strategies to alleviate the effects of global warming on dryland ecosystems.
Decadal Changes in Anthropogenic Inputs and Precipitation Influence Riverine Exports of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus, and Alter Ecosystem Level Stoichiometry
Authors: Shousha Stéphanie , Maranger Roxane , Lapierre Jean‐François 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChanges in precipitation and land use influence carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) exports from land to receiving waters. However, how these drivers differentially alter elemental inputs and impact subsequent ecosystem stoichiometry over time remains poorly understood. Here, we quantified long‐term (1979–2020) trends in C, N, and P exports at three sites along the mainstem of a north temperate river in Québec, Canada, that successively drains forested, urban, and more agriculturally impacted land‐use areas. Riverine N and to a lesser degree C exports tended to increase over time, with major inter‐annual variation largely resolved by changes in precipitation. Historical increases in net anthropogenic N inputs on land (NANI) also explained increases in riverine N exports, with about 35% of NANI reaching the river annually. Despite higher Net anthropogenic P inputs, NAPI, over time, P exports tended to decrease at all riverine sites. This decrease in P at the forested site was more gradual, whereas a precipitous drop was observed at the downstream urban site following legislated P removal in municipal wastewater. Changes in historical ecosystem stoichiometry reflected the differential elemental exports due to natural and anthropogenic drivers and ranged from 174: 23: 1 to 547: 76: 1 over the years. Our work shows how C, N, and P have responded to different drivers in the same catchment over the last four decades, and how their differential riverine exports have influenced ecosystem stoichiometry.
Subseasonal Prediction of Regional Antarctic Sea Ice by a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Wang Yunhe , Yuan Xiaojun , Ren Yibin , Bushuk Mitchell , Shu Qi , Li Cuihua , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) prediction at seasonal scale has been documented, but a gap remains at subseasonal scale (1–8 weeks) due to limited understanding of ice‐related physical mechanisms. To overcome this limitation, we developed a deep learning model named Sea Ice Prediction Network (SIPNet) that can predict SIC without the need to account for complex physical processes. Compared to mainstream dynamical models like European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research developed at Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, as well as a relatively advanced statistical model like the linear Markov model, SIPNet outperforms them all, effectively filling the gap in subseasonal Antarctic SIC prediction capability. SIPNet results indicate that autumn SIC variability contributes the most to sea ice predictability, whereas spring contributes the least. In addition, the Weddell Sea displays the highest sea ice predictability, while predictability is low in the West Pacific. SIPNet can also capture the signal of ENSO and SAM on sea ice.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 associated with altered immune responses in preterm infants and pigs
Authors: Bæk Ole , Rasmussen Martin Bo , Gerts Therese , Aunsholt Lise , Zachariassen Gitte , Sangild Per , Nguyen Duc Ninh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Preterm infants show low blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), known to be negatively correlated with Interleukin-6 (IL-6). We hypothesized that circulating IGF-1 is associated with systemic immune-markers following preterm birth and that exogenous IGF-1 supplementation modulates immune development in preterm pigs, used as model for preterm infants.

Methods
Plasma levels of IGF-1 and 29 inflammatory markers were measured in very preterm infants (n = 221). In preterm pigs, systemic immune development, assessed by in vitro challenge, was compared between IGF-1 treated (2.25 mg/kg/day) and control animals.

Results
Preterm infants with lowest gestational age and birth weight showed the lowest IGF-1 levels, which were correlated not only with IL-6, but a range of immune-markers. IGF-1 supplementation to preterm pigs reduced plasma IL-10 and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2 responses to challenge and reduced expression of genes related to Th1 polarization. In vitro addition of IGF-1 (100 ng/mL) further reduced the IL-2 and IFN-γ responses but increased IL-10 response.

Conclusions
In preterm infants, plasma IGF-1 correlated with several immune markers, while supplementing IGF-1 to preterm pigs tended to reduce Th1 immune responses. Future studies should document whether IGF-1 supplementation to preterm infants affects immune development and sensitivity to infection.

Impact

Supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to preterm infants has been proposed to promote postnatal growth, but its impact on the developing immune system is largely unknown.

In a cohort of very preterm infants, low gestational age and birth weight were the primary predictors of low plasma levels of IGF-1, which in turn were associated with plasma immune markers. Meanwhile, in immature preterm pigs, experimental supplementation of IGF-1 reduced Th1-related immune responses in early life.

Supplementation of IGF-1 to preterm infants may affect the developing immune system, which needs consideration when evaluating overall impact on neonatal health.
Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 plays a key role in osteogenesis by enhancing RUNX2 stability through citrullination
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Shin Hye-Rim , Yoon Heein , Park Min-Sang , Kim Byung-Gyu , Moon Jae-I , Kim Woo-Jin , Park Seung Gwa , Kim Ki-Tae , Kim Ha-Neui , Choi Je-Yong , Ryoo Hyun-Mo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeptidylarginine deiminase (PADI) 2 catalyzes the post-translational conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline in a process called citrullination. However, the precise functions of PADI2 in bone formation and homeostasis remain unknown. In this study, our objective was to elucidate the function and regulatory mechanisms of PADI2 in bone formation employing global and osteoblast-specific Padi2 knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate that Padi2 deficiency leads to the loss of bone mass and results in a cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype with delayed calvarial ossification and clavicular hypoplasia, due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, Padi2 depletion significantly reduces RUNX2 levels, as PADI2-dependent stabilization of RUNX2 protected it from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we discovered that PADI2 binds to RUNX2 and citrullinates it, and identified ten PADI2-induced citrullination sites on RUNX2 through high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. Among these ten citrullination sites, the R381 mutation in mouse RUNX2 isoform 1 considerably reduces RUNX2 levels, underscoring the critical role of citrullination at this residue in maintaining RUNX2 protein stability. In conclusion, these results indicate that PADI2 plays a distinct role in bone formation and osteoblast differentiation by safeguarding RUNX2 against proteasomal degradation. In addition, we demonstrate that the loss-of-function of PADI2 is associated with CCD, thereby providing a new target for the treatment of bone diseases.
CUX1-related neurodevelopmental disorder: deep insights into phenotype-genotype spectrum and underlying pathology
Authors: Oppermann Henry , Marcos-Grañeda Elia , Weiss Linnea A. , Gurnett Christina A. , Jelsig Anne Marie , Vineke Susanne H. , Isidor Bertrand , Mercier Sandra , Magnussen Kari , Zacher Pia , Hashim Mona , Pagnamenta Alistair T. , Race Simone , Srivastava Siddharth , Frazier Zoë , Maiwald Robert , Pergande Matthias , Milani Donatella , Rinelli Martina , Levy Jonathan , Krey Ilona , Fontana Paolo , Lonardo Fortunato , Riley Stephanie , Kretzer Jasmine , Rankin Julia , Reis Linda M. , Semina Elena V. , Reuter Miriam S. , Scherer Stephen W. , Iascone Maria , Weis Denisa , Fagerberg Christina R. , Brasch-Andersen Charlotte , Hansen Lars Kjaersgaard , Kuechler Alma , Noble Nathan , Gardham Alice , Tenney Jessica , Rathore Geetanjali , Beck-Woedl Stefanie , Haack Tobias B. , Pavlidou Despoina C. , Atallah Isis , Vodopiutz Julia , Janecke Andreas R. , Hsieh Tzung-Chien , Lesmann Hellen , Klinkhammer Hannah , Krawitz Peter M. , Lemke Johannes R. , Jamra Rami Abou , Nieto Marta , Tümer Zeynep , Platzer Konrad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterozygous, pathogenic CUX1 variants are associated with global developmental delay or intellectual disability. This study delineates the clinical presentation in an extended cohort and investigates the molecular mechanism underlying the disorder in a Cux1+/− mouse model. Through international collaboration, we assembled the phenotypic and molecular information for 34 individuals (23 unpublished individuals). We analyze brain CUX1 expression and susceptibility to epilepsy in Cux1+/− mice. We describe 34 individuals, from which 30 were unrelated, with 26 different null and four missense variants. The leading symptoms were mild to moderate delayed speech and motor development and borderline to moderate intellectual disability. Additional symptoms were muscular hypotonia, seizures, joint laxity, and abnormalities of the forehead. In Cux1+/− mice, we found delayed growth, histologically normal brains, and increased susceptibility to seizures. In Cux1+/− brains, the expression of Cux1 transcripts was half of WT animals. Expression of CUX1 proteins was reduced, although in early postnatal animals significantly more than in adults. In summary, disease-causing CUX1 variants result in a non-syndromic phenotype of developmental delay and intellectual disability. In some individuals, this phenotype ameliorates with age, resulting in a clinical catch-up and normal IQ in adulthood. The post-transcriptional balance of CUX1 expression in the heterozygous brain at late developmental stages appears important for this favorable clinical course.
Critical dynamics arise during structured information presentation within embodied in vitro neuronal networks
Authors: Habibollahi Forough , Kagan Brett J. , Burkitt Anthony N. , French Chris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how brains process information is an incredibly difficult task. Amongst the metrics characterising information processing in the brain, observations of dynamic near-critical states have generated significant interest. However, theoretical and experimental limitations associated with human and animal models have precluded a definite answer about when and why neural criticality arises with links from attention, to cognition, and even to consciousness. To explore this topic, we used an in vitro neural network of cortical neurons that was trained to play a simplified game of ‘Pong’ to demonstrate Synthetic Biological Intelligence (SBI). We demonstrate that critical dynamics emerge when neural networks receive task-related structured sensory input, reorganizing the system to a near-critical state. Additionally, better task performance correlated with proximity to critical dynamics. However, criticality alone is insufficient for a neuronal network to demonstrate learning in the absence of additional information regarding the consequences of previous actions. These findings offer compelling support that neural criticality arises as a base feature of incoming structured information processing without the need for higher order cognition.
Acetylcholine modulates the temporal dynamics of human theta oscillations during memory
Authors: Gedankien Tamara , Tan Ryan Joseph , Qasim Salman Ehtesham , Moore Haley , McDonagh David , Jacobs Joshua , Lega Bradley 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cholinergic system is essential for memory. While degradation of cholinergic pathways characterizes memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, the neurophysiological mechanisms linking the cholinergic system to human memory remain unknown. Here, combining intracranial brain recordings with pharmacological manipulation, we describe the neurophysiological effects of a cholinergic blocker, scopolamine, on the human hippocampal formation during episodic memory. We found that the memory impairment caused by scopolamine was coupled to disruptions of both the amplitude and phase alignment of theta oscillations (2–10 Hz) during encoding. Across individuals, the severity of theta phase disruption correlated with the magnitude of memory impairment. Further, cholinergic blockade disrupted connectivity within the hippocampal formation. Our results indicate that cholinergic circuits support memory by coordinating the temporal dynamics of theta oscillations across the hippocampal formation. These findings expand our mechanistic understanding of the neurophysiology of human memory and offer insights into potential treatments for memory-related disorders.
Screening non-conventional yeasts for acid tolerance and engineering Pichia occidentalis for production of muconic acid
Authors: Pyne Michael E. , Bagley James A. , Narcross Lauren , Kevvai Kaspar , Exley Kealan , Davies Meghan , Wang Qingzhao , Whiteway Malcolm , Martin Vincent J. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a workhorse of industrial biotechnology owing to the organism’s prominence in alcohol fermentation and the suite of sophisticated genetic tools available to manipulate its metabolism. However, S. cerevisiae is not suited to overproduce many bulk bioproducts, as toxicity constrains production at high titers. Here, we employ a high-throughput assay to screen 108 publicly accessible yeast strains for tolerance to 20 g L−1 adipic acid (AA), a nylon precursor. We identify 15 tolerant yeasts and select Pichia occidentalis for production of cis,cis-muconic acid (CCM), the precursor to AA. By developing a genome editing toolkit for P. occidentalis, we demonstrate fed-batch production of CCM with a maximum titer (38.8 g L−1), yield (0.134 g g−1 glucose) and productivity (0.511 g L−1 h−1) that surpasses all metrics achieved using S. cerevisiae. This work brings us closer to the industrial bioproduction of AA and underscores the importance of host selection in bioprocessing.
Using a synthetic machinery to improve carbon yield with acetylphosphate as the core
Authors: Guo Likun , Liu Min , Bi Yujia , Qi Qingsheng , Xian Mo , Zhao Guang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn microbial cell factory, CO2 release during acetyl-CoA production from pyruvate significantly decreases the carbon atom economy. Here, we construct and optimize a synthetic carbon conserving pathway named as Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase Cycle with Trifunctional PhosphoKetolase (SCTPK) in Escherichia coli. This cycle relies on a generalist phosphoketolase Xfspk and converts glucose into the stoichiometric amounts of acetylphosphate (AcP). Furthermore, genetic circuits responding to AcP positively or negatively are created. Together with SCTPK, they constitute a gene-metabolic oscillator that regulates Xfspk and enzymes converting AcP into valuable chemicals in response to intracellular AcP level autonomously, allocating metabolic flux rationally and improving the carbon atom economy of bioconversion process. Using this synthetic machinery, mevalonate is produced with a yield higher than its native theoretical yield, and the highest titer and yield of 3-hydroxypropionate via malonyl-CoA pathway are achieved. This study provides a strategy for improving the carbon yield of microbial cell factories.
Surpassing the nonlinear conversion efficiency of soliton microcombs
Authors: Helgason Óskar B. , Girardi Marcello , Ye Zhichao , Lei Fuchuan , Schröder Jochen , Torres-Company Victor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLaser frequency combs are enabling some of the most exciting scientific endeavours in the twenty-first century, ranging from the development of optical clocks to the calibration of the astronomical spectrographs used for discovering Earth-like exoplanets. Dissipative Kerr solitons generated in microresonators currently offer the prospect of attaining frequency combs in miniaturized systems by capitalizing on advances in photonic integration. Most of the applications based on soliton microcombs rely on tuning a continuous-wave laser into a longitudinal mode of a microresonator engineered to display anomalous dispersion. In this configuration, however, nonlinear physics precludes one from attaining dissipative Kerr solitons with high power conversion efficiency, with typical comb powers amounting to ~1% of the available laser power. Here we demonstrate that this fundamental limitation can be overcome by inducing a controllable frequency shift to a selected cavity resonance. Experimentally, we realize this shift using two linearly coupled anomalous-dispersion microresonators, resulting in a coherent dissipative Kerr soliton with a conversion efficiency exceeding 50% and excellent line spacing stability. We describe the soliton dynamics in this configuration and find vastly modified characteristics. By optimizing the microcomb power available on-chip, these results facilitate the practical implementation of a scalable integrated photonic architecture for energy-efficient applications.
First observation of 28O
Authors: Kondo Y. , Achouri N. L. , Falou H. Al , Atar L. , Aumann T. , Baba H. , Boretzky K. , Caesar C. , Calvet D. , Chae H. , Chiga N. , Corsi A. , Delaunay F. , Delbart A. , Deshayes Q. , Dombrádi Zs. , Douma C. A. , Ekström A. , Elekes Z. , Forssén C. , Gašparić I. , Gheller J.-M. , Gibelin J. , Gillibert A. , Hagen G. , Harakeh M. N. , Hirayama A. , Hoffman C. R. , Holl M. , Horvat A. , Horváth Á. , Hwang J. W. , Isobe T. , Jiang W. G. , Kahlbow J. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kawase S. , Kim S. , Kisamori K. , Kobayashi T. , Körper D. , Koyama S. , Kuti I. , Lapoux V. , Lindberg S. , Marqués F. M. , Masuoka S. , Mayer J. , Miki K. , Murakami T. , Najafi M. , Nakamura T. , Nakano K. , Nakatsuka N. , Nilsson T. , Obertelli A. , Ogata K. , de Oliveira Santos F. , Orr N. A. , Otsu H. , Otsuka T. , Ozaki T. , Panin V. , Papenbrock T. , Paschalis S. , Revel A. , Rossi D. , Saito A. T. , Saito T. Y. , Sasano M. , Sato H. , Satou Y. , Scheit H. , Schindler F. , Schrock P. , Shikata M. , Shimizu N. , Shimizu Y. , Simon H. , Sohler D. , Sorlin O. , Stuhl L. , Sun Z. H. , Takeuchi S. , Tanaka M. , Thoennessen M. , Törnqvist H. , Togano Y. , Tomai T. , Tscheuschner J. , Tsubota J. , Tsunoda N. , Uesaka T. , Utsuno Y. , Vernon I. , Wang H. , Yang Z. , Yasuda M. , Yoneda K. , Yoshida S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSubjecting a physical system to extreme conditions is one of the means often used to obtain a better understanding and deeper insight into its organization and structure. In the case of the atomic nucleus, one such approach is to investigate isotopes that have very different neutron-to-proton (N/Z) ratios than in stable nuclei. Light, neutron-rich isotopes exhibit the most asymmetricN/Zratios and those lying beyond the limits of binding, which undergo spontaneous neutron emission and exist only as very short-lived resonances (about 10−21 s), provide the most stringent tests of modern nuclear-structure theories. Here we report on the first observation of28O and27O through their decay into24O and four and three neutrons, respectively. The28O nucleus is of particular interest as, with theZ = 8 andN = 20 magic numbers1,2, it is expected in the standard shell-model picture of nuclear structure to be one of a relatively small number of so-called ‘doubly magic’ nuclei. Both27O and28O were found to exist as narrow, low-lying resonances and their decay energies are compared here to the results of sophisticated theoretical modelling, including a large-scale shell-model calculation and a newly developed statistical approach. In both cases, the underlying nuclear interactions were derived from effective field theories of quantum chromodynamics. Finally, it is shown that the cross-section for the production of28O from a29F beam is consistent with it not exhibiting a closedN = 20 shell structure.