bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of shift work schedules, compensatory sleep, and work–family conflict on fatigue of shift‐working nurses in Chinese intensive care units
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Wu Huihui , Sun Mimi , Wei Qing , Zhang Qixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundShift work is inevitable for nurses in intensive care units. Various studies explored nurses' fatigue in multiple hospital wards. However, few studies focused on fatigue among nurses in intensive care units.AimsTo determine the association between shift work schedules, compensatory sleep, work–family conflict, and fatigue of shift‐working nurses in critical care units.Study DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional multi‐center study was conducted in March 2022 among intensive care nurses from five hospitals.MethodsData were collected by online survey, including self‐designed demographic questions, the Fatigue Scale‐14, the Chinese adult daytime sleepiness scale, and the work‐family scale. Pearson correlation was conducted for bivariate analysis. Independent‐sample t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to examine fatigue‐related variables.ResultsA total of 326 nurses responded to the survey with an effective response rate of 74.9%. The mean scores of physical fatigue and mental fatigue were 6.80 and 3.72, respectively. The bivariate analyses showed that work–family conflict was positively correlated with physical (r = 0.483, p < .001) and mental fatigue (r = 0.406, p < .001). Multiple linear regression results showed that work–family conflict, daytime sleepiness, and shift system were statistically significant factors influencing physical fatigue (F = 41.793, p < .001). Work–family conflict, sleep duration after the night shift, and daytime sleepiness were the main influencing factors of mental fatigue (F = 25.105, p < .001).ConclusionsNurses with higher work–family conflict, daytime sleepiness, and working 12‐h shifts have higher levels of physical fatigue. Higher work–family conflict, shorter sleep duration after night shifts, and daytime sleepiness are associated with higher mental fatigue among intensive care nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNursing managers and nurses should consider work‐family factors and compensatory sleep in their efforts to reduce fatigue. It is necessary to strengthen work‐supporting strategies and compensatory sleep guidance for nurses to promote fatigue recovery.
(In)visible everyday work of fostering a data‐driven healthcare and social service organisation
Authors: Choroszewicz Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article combines the frameworks of (in)visible work and articulation work to examine the everyday articulation work ascribed to a knowledge production and technology expert team (KT) in the transition to a data‐driven healthcare and social service organisation. The article structures the results of an ethnographic study spanning 2.5 years around four roles of the KT's work: (1) mediating messy and incomplete technologies in‐the‐making, (2) facilitating bleeding‐edge technologies in‐the‐making, (3) coaching in new data practices and technologies in‐the‐making, and (4) advocating for care staff. Additionally, insights are provided into the invisible articulation work of the care staff performed in support of these KT roles. With these results, the study advances our understanding of the complexity, power dynamics, and instability of work invested in transitioning to a data‐driven public organisation. It also contributes to the critical discussion on the perpetual piloting nature of this transition.
Family study of the startle reflex and event‐related potentials in anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat in adolescents and their parents
Authors: Ferry Rachel A. , Beatty Clare C. , Klein Daniel N. , Nelson Brady D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA heightened sensitivity to unpredictable threat has been identified as a potential transdiagnostic mechanism of psychopathology. The majority of supporting research has been conducted in adults, and it is unclear whether psychophysiological indicators of sensitivity to unpredictable threat are comparable in youth during developmental periods associated with increased risk for psychopathology. In addition, no studies have examined whether sensitivity to unpredictable threat is correlated between parents and their offspring. The present study examined defensive motivation (startle reflex) and attentional engagement (probe N100, P300) in anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat in a sample of 15‐year‐old adolescents (N = 395) and a biological parent (N = 379). Adolescents, compared to their parents, demonstrated greater startle potentiation and probe N100 enhancement in anticipation of unpredictable threat. In addition, overall startle potentiation in anticipation of threat was correlated between the adolescents and their parents. Adolescence is a key developmental period characterized by heightened defensive motivation and attentional engagement in anticipation of both predictable and unpredictable threat. Sensitivity to threat might index is one mechanism of vulnerability that is at least partially shared between parents and their offspring.
Exposure to trade disruptions in case of the Russia–Ukraine conflict: A product network approach
Authors: Braun Erik , Braun Emese , Gyimesi András , Iloskics Zita , Sebestyén Tamás 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study provides a product network‐based analysis of the impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on the economy of third countries. While recent studies based on input–output data already revealed several economic consequences of the conflict, our approach allows for more detail regarding geographical coverage and heterogeneity of the affected products. The method also provides a decomposition of exposures on a country‐by‐country basis. After identifying the most important products exported by Ukraine and Russia, we apply a comprehensive indicator of exposure and measure the dependence of third countries on products imported from Ukraine or Russia. Results reinforce that Ukraine dominates in iron and agricultural products, while Russia is important through exporting energy sources, raw materials and iron products. Post‐Soviet and European countries have high exposure to Russian imports, confirming the energy dependence of these countries. Middle Eastern and African countries heavily depend on Ukraine, especially for grain imports, possibly causing food security problems. Using data on trade restructuring over the past year, we also analyse the relationship between trade exposure and the extent to which countries were willing to support Ukraine. Results show that it is not exposure itself, but the decrease of exposure over time which correlates with military support.
How did Brexit impact EU trade? Evidence from real data
Authors: Buigut Steven , Kapar Burcu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAt the time it voted to exit in 2016, the UK was a leading economy within the EU. It contributed about 16 percent of the EU GDP, while the other EU countries accounted for almost half of UK's total trade. This study attempts to answer two research questions: First, how Brexit affected the EU–UK trade and second, how it affected the trade between remaining 27 EU members. To answer these questions, quarterly data are exploited for the period from 2005Q1 to 2022Q3 covering a total of 53 trading partners including the EU members. A gravity model that controls for unobserved bilateral heterogeneity and multilateral resistance is estimated by PPML. Three phases of Brexit (the referendum, transition, and post transition [under the TCA]) are analysed. The results indicate that the Brexit referendum phase depressed UK–EU trade by around 10.5%, and transition phase by around 15%. In both cases, particularly for the transition phase, the effect is greater on the UK imports from EU than the UK exports to EU. We do not find a significant effect due to the post transition (TCA) phase. Estimates show some mild but positive effect on intra‐EU trade of about 1.5% and 4.6% due to Brexit referendum and post Brexit respectively, but no significant effect from the transition phase. This suggests that some EU trade with the UK was redirected to other EU members. Hence UK should aggressively seek out new trade agreements with other countries and trade blocs as well as refine the workings of the trade and cooperation agreement signed with the EU to minimise the loss.
The study of plasticity has always been about gradients
Authors: Richards Blake Aaron , Kording Konrad Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe experimental study of learning and plasticity has always been driven by an implicit question: how can physiological changes be adaptive and improve performance? For example, in Hebbian plasticity only synapses from presynaptic neurons that were active are changed, avoiding useless changes. Similarly, in dopamine‐gated learning synapse changes depend on reward or lack thereof and do not change when everything is predictable. Within machine learning we can make the question of which changes are adaptive concrete: performance improves when changes correlate with the gradient of an objective function quantifying performance. This result is general for any system that improves through small changes. As such, physiology has always implicitly been seeking mechanisms that allow the brain to approximate gradients. Coming from this perspective we review the existing literature on plasticity‐related mechanisms, and we show how these mechanisms relate to gradient estimation. We argue that gradients are a unifying idea to explain the many facets of neuronal plasticity.
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Effect of Laser Mode and Power on the Tribological Behavior of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Alloy
Authors: Tombakti Ismael A. , Adesina Akeem Yusuf , Alharith Abdullah , Attallah Moataz M. , AlMangour Bandar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The influence of laser modes and power on the tribological behavior of additively manufactured Inconel 718 alloy using the directed energy deposition (DED) process was investigated. The samples were fabricated with continuous wave (CW) and pulse wave (PW) laser modes using 700, 900, and 1100 W laser power. The samples exhibited high hardness (3–5 GPa) and modulus (150–200 GPa) which increases with the laser power for CW- and PW-fabricated samples, and this was associated with the increasing densification and hardening secondary phase. The coefficient of friction increases with laser power for the CW samples but decreases for the PW samples. The samples exhibited low wear rates ranging between 25 and 70 × 10−5 mm3/Nm. Pulse wave samples demonstrated better tribological performance compared to continuous wave at any laser power. The dominant wear mechanism is the three-body abrasive wear followed by localized and discrete adhesion wear mechanism.
Experimental and Simulation Analysis on Windage Power Loss of Herringbone Gear Pair
Authors: Yang Jin , Lin Tengjiao , Jiang Lidong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel windage power loss (WPL) measurement method for the meshing herringbone gear pair. First, the WPL test rig of the herringbone gear pair is put up, and then the measurement sequence of WPL is described. Second, the WPL of different gear pairs is tested and the influence of operation speed, design parameters on the WPL of meshing gear pairs is studied. Finally, the WPL simulation analysis of meshing gear pair is carried out. The generation mechanism of WPL is analyzed and the WPL of each meshing gear pair at different rotational speeds is obtained, which verifies the accuracy of the presented WPL measurement method. The research on the measurement method of WPL can provide support for the optimization design of the high-speed gear pair.
Prediction of Frictional Moment of Cylindrical Roller Bearing Using Experimental Data-Driven Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Hou Yu , Wang Xi , Xu Bihe , Geng Yangliao , Li Qingyong , Yang Di 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Accurate prediction of the frictional moment of the bearing contributes to the correct determination of the power loss in drivetrains and the antifriction design of bearings. This paper investigates a method for accurately predicting the frictional moment of the cylindrical roller bearing (CRB) under a wide range of operating conditions. The complex relationship between the bearing frictional moment and multiple operating parameters such as the shaft speed, roller–raceway contact load, cage slip ratio and lubricating property is established using an experimental data-driven artificial neural network (ANN) model. To provide actual data for training and testing the ANN model, the frictional moment and multiple operating parameters of the test CRB are synchronously measured under many test conditions. Compared with the prediction results from conventional physical models, the experimental data-driven ANN model reveals a higher prediction performance of the frictional moment.
Tribological Behavior of AA-6063 Cast Using In Situ Microwave Process by Taguchi Method and ANFIS Model
Authors: Gangwar Vaibhav , Kumar Sudhir , Singh Hari 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tribological behavior of AA-6063 casted by microwave casting process was investigated. In this work, sliding wear analysis has been done on in situ cast developed through the novel technique. The in situ cast of AA-6063 was developed using microwave irradiation. Sliding wear process parameters such as normal load, sliding velocity, and sliding distance are optimized through the Taguchi technique. L9 orthogonal array and signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis are used to obtain the optimum process parameters for wear-rate (WR) as the selected response. After optimization, a confirmatory test was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images, and frictional characterization were used to study the mechanism of wear. By using the experimental data, an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model has been developed and which was further tested using average wear-rate.
Emerging Gaits for a Quadrupedal Template Model With Segmented Legs
Authors: Boffa Lorenzo , Sesselmann Anna , Roa Máximo A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Energy-efficient gaits in walking robots can be obtained by designing elastic systems that exhibit naturally emerging locomotion patterns. Biological legged locomotion serves as inspiration, as animals use different gaits to move at certain speeds while minimizing energy consumption. To understand the underlying dynamics of biological locomotion, simplified models have been proposed. The most common one, the SLIP (spring loaded inverted pendulum) model, can explain the effect of the radial elasticity of linear legs and helps to explain locomotion patterns, especially for running behaviors, in different legged systems. However, the SLIP model is inappropriate for the study of stability of limit cycles in systems with articulated legs, which are most commonly used in real robots. This paper introduces a novel quadrupedal template model featuring articulated elastic legs, non-constant leg stiffness, and dynamic leg swing. Numerical simulation with a continuation approach is used to discover the gaits emerging from the natural dynamics of the model, without imposing any contact sequence a priori. The stability of those gaits is also characterized, in order to facilitate the exploitation of the natural model dynamics for generating locomotion patterns for quadrupedal robots.
Long-Term Dynamics of Forest Fires in Southern Siberia
Authors: Shvetsov E. G. , Golyukov A. S. , Kharuk V. I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The research focus. Wildfire is a critical environmental disturbance affecting forest dynamics, succession, and the carbon cycle in Siberian forests. Forests of southern Siberia experienced an increase of fire rate. We analyzed spatial and temporal dynamics of burned area in the southern Central Siberian Mountains. We considered burning rate within different forest types: dark needle conifers (DNC) composed by Siberian pine, spruce and fir, light-needle composed by Scotch pine and larch, and mix wood (composed by birch, aspen and conifers). Methods. We used long-term (1982–2021) climatic variables from the ERA5-Land database. Satellite observations included MODIS wildfire data (2002–2021) and gravimetric (GRACE) data (2002–2021) for estimation soil moisture content. We analyzed the spatial distribution of burned areas considering dominant forest stands and terrain (elevation, slope aspect and steepness). Results. We found a significant decreasing trend in burned area. On average, about 978.7 ± 447.5 thousand ha including 257.1 ± 154.3 thousand ha of forests are disturbed by fire annually. Light coniferous forests are characterized by the highest degree of the fire disturbance (relative burned area, RBA, was ca. 0.83% per year); whereas DNC stands have the lowest RBA (ca. 0.15% per year). The spatial distribution of fires in light coniferous forests showed predominance of fires on the southern slopes comparing to northern slopes (by 15–20%). We found a decreasing logarithmic trend in burned area between plains and low mountains and high mountains due to lower forest fuel loads and increased amount of precipitation on higher elevations. We also observed lower RBA values (by 300–400%) on steep slopes for light coniferous forests and mixed forests comparing to gentle slopes due to lower available forest fuels. The long-term dynamics of burned area in the region was related to the variation of climatic variables, such as soil moisture (r2 = 0.70, p < 0.01), moisture content (r2 = 0.63, p < 0.01) and drought index (r2 = 0.3, p < 0.05).
Ultra-high frequency lung ultrasound in preterm neonates: a test validation study on interpretation agreement and reliability
Authors: Sartorius Victor , Loi Barbara , Vivalda Laura , Regiroli Giulia , de la Rubia Ortega Sofia , Centorrino Roberta , De Luca Daniele 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo verify if increasing frequency, through the use of ultra-high frequency transducers, has an impact on lung ultrasound pattern recognition.DesignTest validation study.SettingTertiary academic referral neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsNeonates admitted with respiratory distress signs.InterventionsLung ultrasound performed with four micro-linear probes (10, 15, 20 and 22 MHz), in random order. Anonymised images (600 dpi) were randomly included in a pictorial database: physicians with different lung ultrasound experience (beginners (n=7), competents (n=6), experts (n=5)) blindly assessed it. Conformity and reliability of interpretation were analysed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), area under the curve (AUC) of the multi-class ROC analysis, correlation and multivariate linear regressions (adjusting for frequency, expertise and their interaction).Outcome measuresA (0–3) score based on classical lung ultrasound semiology was given to each image as done in the clinical routine.ResultsICC (0.902 (95% CI: 0.862 to 0.936), p<0.001) and AUC (0.948, p<0.001) on the whole pictorial database (48 images acquired on 12 neonates), and irrespective of the frequency and physicians’ expertise, were excellent. Physicians detected more B-lines with increasing frequency: there was a positive correlation between score and frequency (ρ=0.117, p=0.001); multivariate analysis confirmed the score to be higher using 22 MHz-probes (β=0.36 (0.02–0.7), p=0.041).ConclusionOverall conformity and reliability of interpretations of lung ultrasound patterns were excellent. There were differences in the identification of the B-patterns and severe B-patterns as increasing probe frequency is associated with higher score given to these patterns.
Management of a fusiform brachial artery aneurysm associated with birth trauma
Authors: Betancor Campos Eduardo , Drack Felicia , Dave Hitendu , Neuhaus Kathrin 
Published: April 2023

Brachial artery aneurysms in children are rare. Surgical treatment is generally recommended.We present the case of a female toddler with a pulsatile swelling on the medial aspect of the right upper arm without history of recent trauma. Medical history revealed a traumatic birth with labour arrest. Postnatally diffuse trunk and arm haematomas as well as a temporary right arm discolouration were detected. Preoperative ultrasound revealed a true brachial artery aneurysm. A full-body MRI ruled out any accompanying lesions. Primary resection and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. Recovery was uneventful. 6-month and 12-month follow-up showed normal motor function and arterial patency; ultrasound also demonstrated harmonious growth of the anastomosed vessel segments.No other publication has associated birth trauma with brachial artery aneurysm yet. Correct diagnosis and prompt curative surgery are key to prevent severe complications. Further reports and data on long-term outcome are needed to optimise clinical management.
Assessing the inclusion of children’s surgical care in National Surgical, Obstetric and Anaesthesia Plans: a policy content analysis
Authors: Wimmer Sabrina , Truche Paul , Guadagno Elena , Ameh Emmanuel , Samad Lubna , Makasa Emmanuel Mwenda Malabo , Greenberg Sarah , Meara John G , van Dijk Tonnis H , Poenaru Dan 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveWhile National Surgical, Obstetric and Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAPs) have emerged as a strategy to strengthen and scale up surgical healthcare systems in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), the degree to which children’s surgery is addressed is not well-known. This study aims to assess the inclusion of children’s surgical care among existing NSOAPs, identify practice examples and provide recommendations to guide inclusion of children’s surgical care in future policies.DesignWe performed two qualitative content analyses to assess the inclusion of children’s surgical care among NSOAPs. We applied a conventional (inductive) content analysis approach to identify themes and patterns, and developed a framework based on the Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery’s Optimal Resources for Children’s Surgery document. We then used this framework to conduct a directed (deductive) content analysis of the NSOAPs of Ethiopia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia.ResultsOur framework for the inclusion of children’s surgical care in NSOAPs included seven domains. We evaluated six NSOAPs with all addressing at least two of the domains. All six NSOAPs addressed ‘human resources and training’ and ‘infrastructure’, four addressed ‘service delivery’, three addressed ‘governance and financing’, two included ‘research, evaluation and quality improvement’, and one NSOAP addressed ‘equipment and supplies’ and ‘advocacy and awareness’.ConclusionsAdditional focus must be placed on the development of surgical healthcare systems for children in LMICs. This requires a focus on children’s surgical care separate from adult surgical care in the scaling up of surgical healthcare systems, including children-focused needs assessments and the inclusion of children’s surgery providers in the process. This study proposes a framework for evaluating NSOAPs, highlights practice examples and suggests recommendations for the development of future policies.