bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of late‐gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Al‐Sadawi Mohammed , Henriques Matthew , Tao Michael , Gier Chad , Kim Paul , Aslam Faisal , Almasry Ibrahim , Singh Abhijeet , Fan Roger , Rashba Eric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLate‐gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a predictor of adverse events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), but available studies had small sample sizes and did not consider all relevant endpoints.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between LGE on CMR in patients with CS and mortality, ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and heart failure (HF) hospitalization.MethodsA literature search was conducted for studies reporting the association between LGE in CS and the study endpoints. The endpoints were mortality, VA and SCD, and HF hospitalization. The search included the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was not restricted to time or publication status. The minimum follow‐up duration was 1 year.ResultsA total of 17 studies and 1915 CS patients (595 with LGE vs. 1320 without LGE) were included; mean follow‐up was 3.3 years (ranging between 17 and 84 months). LGE was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.16–11.58; p < .01), cardiovascular mortality (OR 5.83, 95% CI 2.89–11.77; p < .01), and VA and SCD (OR 16.48, 95% CI 8.29–32.73; p < .01). Biventricular LGE was associated with increased VA and SCD (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.14–32.68; p = .035). LGE was associated with an increased HF hospitalization (OR 17.47, 95% CI 5.54–55.03; p < .01). Heterogeneity was low: df = 7 (p = .43), I2 = 0%.ConclusionsLGE in CS patients is associated with increased mortality, VA and SCD, and HF hospitalization. Biventricular LGE is associated with an increased risk of VA and SCD.
The effect of different FSH administration before ovum pick up on superstimulation response and oocyte yield
Authors: Ciftci Muhammed Furkan , Dinc Dursun Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of synchronization and different superstimulation protocols on oocyte yield before ovum‐pick up (OPU) to provide a homogeneous follicle population. Animals in all study groups except the control group applied a synchronization protocol including modified ovsynch+progesterone and dominant follicle ablation (DFA, on the 6th day following synchronization). In group 1, oocytes were retrieved by ultrasonography only on the 4th day after DFA. In group 2, 250 μg pFSH (100 μg IM, 150 μg SC) was administered as a single dose on the 2nd day following DFA, and oocytes were retrieved on the 2nd day following this injection. In group 3, 250 μg pFSH was administered IM in four equal doses 12 h apart on the 1st and 2nd days following DFA, and oocytes were retrieved 2 days after the last FSH injection. In group 4, 250 μg pFSH (IM) dissolved in Montanide ISA 206 adjuvant was administered as a single dose on the 2nd day following DFA, and oocytes were retrieved 2 days after this treatment. In the control group (group 5), oocytes were retrieved from animals without any hormonal treatment on a random day of the oestrus cycle. In order to assess the follicle population in the ovary on the day of OPU, the number of follicles according to their diameter was determined by ultrasonography in all groups. The ratio of medium‐sized follicles (3–8 mm) was higher in the synchronized groups (Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) than in the control group (Group 5) (p < .05). It was determined that the total number of oocytes obtained after OPU and the number of oocytes of suitable quality (Grade A and B) in in vitro embryo production were higher in the superstimulated groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4) compared to the control group. It was found that the number of Grade‐A quality oocytes was higher in the superstimulated groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4) than the other groups. As a result, it was found that the synchronization and superstimulation treatments prior to the OPU increased the ratio of medium‐sized follicles and the total number of oocytes obtained. In addition to the synchronization protocol, it was determined that superstimulation treatments increased the oocyte quality obtained with OPU. Furthermore, it was observed that a single dose of FSH dissolved in Montanide ISA 206 adjuvant produced a superstimulation response similar to that produced by repeated doses of FSH.
Geochronology, magma source, and geochemistry of igneous rocks in the northern Taebaeksan metallogenic region, South Korea
Authors: Oh Il‐Hwan , Heo Chul‐Ho , No Sang‐Gun , Cho Seong‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCretaceous igneous rocks are concentrated in the northern Taebaeksan metallogenic region of South Korea, some of which are related to Fe skarns and/or hydrothermal vein Au–Ag deposits. However, detailed studies on the emplacement age and magma source of igneous rocks supplying this metallogenic area are lacking. In this study, we investigated the emplacement age, magma sources, and geochemical characteristics of seven Cretaceous igneous rocks around the ore deposit, comparing them with previous studies. Zircon U–Pb and mica K–Ar age dating indicated that two magmatism events occurred in the Early Cretaceous (~113.7 ± 0.2 to 104.7 ± 0.5 Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (~85.8 ± 1.1 to 77.6 ± 0.4 Ma). Negative ɛHf(t) values (−2.57 to −22.05 approx.) and the calculated (2.55–1.33 Ga) suggested that the magma source of these igneous rocks was derived from the Proterozoic crust. Whole‐rock geochemical data indicated that the northern Taebaeksan igneous rocks are mostly high‐K calc‐alkaline series, enriched in light rare‐earth elements (LREEs) and large‐ion lithophilic (LIL) elements but depleted in high‐field‐strength (HFS) elements. Although igneous rocks in the northern Taebaeksan metallogenic region have broadly similar magma source characteristics, they can be classified into two groups: one comprises Early Cretaceous intermediate rocks, some of which are related to Au–Ag mineralization, whereas the other includes Late Cretaceous intermediate to felsic rocks, related to Au–Ag or Fe mineralization.
Intraoperative ultrasonography for the reposition of the condylar process during bilateral sagittal osteotomy of the mandible—A case report
Authors: Słowik Łukasz , Nowak Aleksy , Okła Maciej , Ślebioda Zuzanna , Osmola Krzysztof 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionUltrasonography (USG), being a safe, quick and relatively cheap examination, is used to diagnose various pathologic conditions. The application of ultrasound to assess the position of the condyle during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) may improve the treatment results.Case presentationA 33‐year‐old patient, who was operated for a skeletal defect of maxilla and mandible with BSSO and Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy is discussed in this case report. The procedure was complicated with a mandibular head dislocation. The split segment was repositioned under ultrasound guidance, and a repeat osteosynthesis was performed.ConclusionsThe ultrasound method is useful for the intraoperative assessment of the condylar process’ position. The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of complications and for intraoperative monitoring should be promoted.
Online medical education: A student survey
Authors: Faria Isabella , Moura Carolina B. , Graner Mariana , Campos Letícia Nunes , Gerk Ayla , Bittencourt Marcela M. , Cazumbá Maria Luíza , Mishaly Asher , Buda Alexandra M. , Truche Paul , Bowder Alexis N. , Botelho Fabio , Carroll Madeleine , Mooney David , Naus Abbie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring COVID‐19, medical schools transitioned to online learning as an emergency response to deliver their education programmes. This multi‐country study compared the methods by which medical schools worldwide restructured the delivery of medical education during the pandemic.MethodsThis multi‐country, cross‐sectional study was performed using an internet‐based survey distributed to medical students in multiple languages in November 2020.ResultsA total of 1,746 responses were received from 79 countries. Most respondents reported that their institution stopped in‐person lectures, ranging from 74% in low‐income countries (LICs) to 93% in upper‐middle‐income countries. While only 36% of respondents reported that their medical school used online learning before the pandemic, 93% reported using online learning after the pandemic started. Of students enrolled in clinical rotations, 89% reported that their rotations were paused during the pandemic. Online learning replaced in‐person clinical rotations for 32% of respondents from LICs versus 55% from high‐income countries (HICs). Forty‐three per cent of students from LICs reported that their internet connection was insufficient for online learning, compared to 11% in HICs.ConclusionsThe transition to online learning due to COVID‐19 impacted medical education worldwide. However, this impact varied among countries of different income levels, with students from LICs and lower middle income countries facing greater challenges in accessing online medical education opportunities while in‐person learning was halted. Specific policies and resources are needed to ensure equitable access to online learning for medical students in all countries, regardless of socioeconomic status.
Patient blood management: Myths and facts about red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Blumberg Neil , Gilstad Colleen , Mandal Saikat , Nair Amita Radhakrishnan , Bocquet Christopher 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransfusion medicine resembles all of medicine in that expert opinion predominates because hard data on clinical outcomes from randomized controlled trials and high quality observational data are simply unavailable. Indeed, some of the first trials evaluating important outcomes are barely two decades old. Patient blood management (PBM) depends on high quality data for assisting clinicians in making clinical decisions. In this review, we focus on several red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices that new data suggest need reconsideration. The practices that may need revision include transfusion for iron deficiency anaemia, except in life threatening situations, toleration of anaemia as a largely benign condition and use of haemoglobin/haematocrit as primary indications for RBC transfusion, as opposed to adjuncts to clinical judgement. In addition, the long‐standing notion that the minimum transfusion should be two units needs to be abandoned due to the danger to patients and a lack of clinical evidence of benefit. Finally, the difference in indications for leucoreduction versus irradiation needs to be understood by all practitioners. PBM is one of the strategies for managing anaemia and bleeding that holds great promise for patients, and transfusion is only one facet of the bundle of practices.
Cochlear synaptopathy impairs suprathreshold tone‐in‐noise coding in the cochlear nucleus
Authors: Hockley A. , Cassinotti L. R. , Selesko M. , Corfas G. , Shore S. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHearing impairment without threshold elevations can occur when there is damage to high‐threshold auditory nerve fibre synapses with cochlear inner hair cells. Instead, cochlear synaptopathy produces suprathreshold deficits, especially in older patients, which affect conversational speech. Given that listening in noise at suprathreshold levels presents significant challenges to the ageing population, we examined the effects of synaptopathy on tone‐in‐noise coding on the central recipients of auditory nerve fibres, i.e. the cochlear nucleus neurons. To induce synaptopathy, guinea pigs received a unilateral sound overexposure to the left ears. A separate group received sham exposures. At 4 weeks post‐exposure, thresholds had recovered but reduced auditory brainstem response wave 1 amplitudes and auditory nerve synapse loss remained on the left side. Single‐unit responses were recorded from several cell types in the ventral cochlear nucleus to pure‐tone and noise stimuli. Receptive fields and rate–level functions in the presence of continuous broadband noise were examined. The synaptopathy‐inducing noise exposure did not affect mean unit tone‐in‐noise thresholds, nor the tone‐in‐noise thresholds in each animal, demonstrating equivalent tone‐in‐noise detection thresholds to sham animals. However, synaptopathy reduced single‐unit responses to suprathreshold tones in the presence of background noise, particularly in the cochlear nucleus small cells. These data demonstrate that suprathreshold tone‐in‐noise deficits following cochlear synaptopathy are evident in the first neural station of the auditory brain, the cochlear nucleus neurons, and provide a potential target for assessment and treatment of listening‐in‐noise deficits in humans.
imageKey points
Recording from multiple central auditory neurons can determine tone‐in‐noise deficits in animals with quantified cochlear synapse damage.
Using this technique, we found that tone‐in‐noise thresholds are not altered by cochlear synaptopathy, whereas coding of suprathreshold tones‐in‐noise is disrupted.
Suprathreshold deficits occur in small cells and primary‐like neurons of the cochlear nucleus.
These data provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying difficulties associated with hearing in noisy environments.
A Boundary Computation Algorithm for the Workspace Evaluation of Continuum Parallel Robots
Authors: Zaccaria Federico , Idá Edoardo , Briot Sébastien 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article, a new algorithm for the computation of workspace boundaries of continuum parallel robots (CPRs) is proposed. State-of-the-art techniques are mainly based on time-consuming joint space discretization approaches or task-space discretization algorithms, and only a few approaches are dedicated to the computation of workspace boundaries. The proposed approach for the computation of the workspace boundaries is based on (i) a free-space exploration strategy and (ii) a boundary reconstruction algorithm. The former is exploited to identify an initial workspace boundary location (exterior, interior boundaries, and holes), while the latter is used to reconstruct the complete boundary surface. Moreover, the algorithm is designed to be employed with CPR modeling strategies based on general discretization assumptions, in order to increase its applicability for various scopes. Our method is compared with two state-of-the-art algorithms in four cases studies, to validate the results and to establish its merits and limitations.
An Assessment of Second Moment Closure Modeling for Stratified Wakes Using Direct Numerical Simulations Ensembles
Authors: Jain Naman , Huang Xinyi L. D. , Li Jiaqi J. L. , Yang Xiang I. A. , Kunz Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Buoyant wakes encountered in the ocean environment are characterized by high Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, leading to significant space–time resolution requirements for turbulence resolving CFD models (i.e., direct numerical simulations (DNS), large eddy simulations (LES)). Therefore, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) based models are attractive for these configurations. The inherently complex dynamics of stratified systems render eddy-viscosity-based modeling inappropriate. RANS second-moment closure (SMC) based modeling is more suitable because it accounts for flow anisotropy by solving the transport equations of important second-moment terms. Accordingly, eleven transport equations are solved at the SMC level, and a range of submodels are implemented for diffusion, pressure strain and scrambling, and dissipation terms. This work studies nonstratified and stratified towed wakes using SMC and DNS. Submodels in the SMC are evaluated in terms of how well their exact Reynolds averaged form impacts the accuracy of the full RANS closure. An ensemble average of 40 and 80–100 DNS realizations are required and conducted for these temporally evolving nonstratified and stratified wakes, respectively, to obtain converged higher-order statistics. SMC over-predicts wake height by over a factor of 2, and under-predicts defect velocity, wake width, and turbulent kinetic and potential energies by factors ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. Also, SMC predicts a near isotropic decay of normal Reynolds stresses (a33→−0.25), in contrast to the anisotropic decay (a33→−0.64) returned by DNS. The DNS data also provide important insights related to the inaccuracy of the dissipation rate isotropy assumption and the non-negligible contribution of pressure diffusion terms. These results lead to several important recommendations for SMC modeling improvement.
Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 10-year longitudinal study
Authors: Tomah Shaheen , Zhang Hongxia , Al-Badri Marwa , Salah Tareq , Dhaver Shilton , Khater Abdelrahman , Tasabehji Mhd Wael , Hamdy Osama 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionIntensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) has significantly reduced incidence of diabetes and improved many cardiovascular disease risk factors. We evaluated long-term effects of ILI on cardiometabolic risk factors, and microvascular and macrovascular complications among patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice.Research design and methodsWe evaluated 129 patients with diabetes and obesity enrolled in a 12-week translational model of ILI. At 1 year, we divided participants into group A, who maintained <7% weight loss (n=61, 47.7%), and group B, who maintained ≥7% weight loss (n=67, 52.3%). We continued to follow them for 10 years.ResultsThe total cohort lost an average of 10.8±4.6 kg (−9.7%) at 12 weeks and maintained an average weight loss of 7.7±10 kg (−6.9%) at 10 years. Group A maintained 4.3±9.5 kg (−4.3%) and group B maintained 10.8±9.3 kg (−9.3%) of weight loss at 10 years (p<0.001 between groups). In group A, A1c decreased from 7.5±1.3% to 6.7±0.9% at 12 weeks but rebounded to 7.7±1.4% at 1 year and 8.0±1.9% at 10 years. In group B, A1c decreased from 7.4±1.2% to 6.4±0.9% at 12 weeks then increased to 6.8±1.2% at 1 year and 7.3±1.5% at 10 years (p<0.05 between groups). Maintenance of ≥7% weight loss at 1 year was associated with a 68% lower risk of developing nephropathy for up to 10 years compared with maintenance of <7% weight loss (adjusted HR for group B: 0.32, 95% CI 0.11, 0.9, p=0.007).ConclusionsWeight reduction in patients with diabetes can be maintained for up to 10 years in real-world clinical practice. Sustained weight loss is associated with significantly lower A1c at 10 years and improvement in lipid profile. Maintenance of ≥7% weight loss at 1 year is associated with decreased incidence of diabetic nephropathy at 10 years.
4 Improvements in orthostatic tolerance with physical training are augmented with heat acclimation and associated plasma volume expansion; a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Parsons Iain 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundHeat adaptation is protective against heat illness however its role in heat syncope, due to reflex mechanisms, has not been conclusively established. The aim of this study was to evaluate if heat acclimation (HA) was protective against heat syncope and to ascertain underlying physiological mechanisms.Method22 (17 males, 5 females) endurance trained cyclists were randomised to either 8 days of mixed active and passive HA (HEAT) or temperate exercise (CONTROL). Prior to, and following, the interventions participants underwent a HUT with graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) continued until presyncope with measurement of cardiovascular parameters. Heat stress testing was performed to determine physiological and perceptual measures of HA.ResultsThere was a significant increase in orthostatic tolerance (OT), as measured by HUT/LBNP, in the HEAT group (preintervention; 28±9 mins, post-intervention; 40±7 mins) compared to CONTROL (pre-intervention; 30±8 mins, post-intervention; 33±5 mins) (p= 0.0116). Heat acclimation resulted in a significantly reduced peak and mean rectal and skin temperature (p<0.0141), peak heat rate (p<0.0033), thermal comfort (p<0.0411) and rating of perceived exertion (p<0.0251). There was a significantly increased plasma volume in the HEAT group in comparison to CONTROL (p=0.0293).ConclusionsHeat adaptation causes improvements in OT and is likely to be beneficial in patients with heat exacerbated reflex syncope. Heat acclimation mediated PV expansion is the likely predominant physiological mechanism underlying improved OT. These data offer opportunities to improve health and wellbeing of service personnel with economic, logistical and reputational benefits for the UK Armed Forces.
Early identification and characterisation of stroke to support prehospital decision-making using artificial intelligence: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jalo Hoor , Seth Mattias , Pikkarainen Minna , Häggström Ida , Jood Katarina , Bakidou Anna , Sjöqvist Bengt Arne , Candefjord Stefan 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionStroke is a time-critical condition and one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. To decrease mortality and improve patient outcome by improving access to optimal treatment, there is an emerging need to improve the accuracy of the methods used to identify and characterise stroke in prehospital settings and emergency departments (EDs). This might be accomplished by developing computerised decision support systems (CDSSs) that are based on artificial intelligence (AI) and potential new data sources such as vital signs, biomarkers and image and video analysis. This scoping review aims to summarise literature on existing methods for early characterisation of stroke by using AI.Methods and analysisThe review will be performed with respect to the Arksey and O’Malley’s model. Peer-reviewed articles about AI-based CDSSs for the characterisation of stroke or new potential data sources for stroke CDSSs, published between January 1995 and April 2023 and written in English, will be included. Studies reporting methods that depend on mobile CT scanning or with no focus on prehospital or ED care will be excluded. Screening will be done in two steps: title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. Two reviewers will perform the screening process independently, and a third reviewer will be involved in case of disagreement. Final decision will be made based on majority vote. Results will be reported using a descriptive summary and thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe methodology used in the protocol is based on information publicly available and does not need ethical approval. The results from the review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will be shared at relevant national and international conferences and meetings in the field of digital health and neurology.