bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing Disorder-Specific and Transdiagnostic Neural Features of Psychiatric Disorders Through Large-Scale Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analyses
Authors: Miller C. H. , Pritchard E. , Saravia S. , Duran M. , Santos S. L. , Hamilton J. P. , Hedges D. W. , Gotlib I. H. , Sacchet M. D. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMeta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been used to elucidate the most reliable neural features associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, it has not been well-established whether each of these neural features is linked to a specific disorder or is transdiagnostic across multiple disorders and disorder categories, including mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders.ObjectivesThis project aims to advance our understanding of the disorder-specific and transdiagnostic neural features associated with mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders as well as to refine the methodology used to compare multiple disorders.MethodsWe conducted an exhaustive PubMed literature search followed by double-screening, double-extraction, and cross-checking to identify all whole-brain, case-control fMRI activation studies of mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders in order to construct a large-scale meta-analytic database of primary studies of these disorders. We then employed multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with Monte-Carlo simulations to correct for multiple comparisons as well as ensemble thresholding to reduce cluster size bias to analyze primary fMRI studies of mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders followed by application of triple subtraction techniques and a second-order analysis to elucidate the disorder-specificity of the previously identified neural features.ResultsWe found that participants diagnosed with mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders exhibited statistically significant (p < .05 – 0.0001; FWE-corrected) differences in neural activation relative to healthy controls throughout the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia. In addition, each of these psychiatric disorders exhibited a particular profile of neural features that ranged from disorder-specific, to category-specific, to transdiagnostic.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that psychiatric disorders exhibit a complex profile of neural features that vary in their disorder-specificity and can be detected with large-scale fMRI meta-analytic techniques. This approach has potential to fundamentally transform neuroimaging investigations of clinical disorders by providing a novel procedure for establishing disorder-specificity of observed results, which can be then used to advance our understanding of individual disorders as well as broader nosological issues related to diagnosis and classification of psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sex differences for antipsychotic dosing and how to guide therapy
Authors: Schoretsanitis G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past decades the role of sex in the antipsychotic treatment type and dose selection has been virtually overseen. In fact, medication approval trials barely stratify for sex differences. Emerging hints from different types of data highlight the need for antipsychotic treatment personalization within the context of sex differences. Varying bioavaibility patterns of the prescribed antipsychotics between female and male patients may be easy to capture measuring plasma or serum levels of the antipsychotics ultimately guiding dose selection in clinical routine. Here we will discuss pitfalls and current evidence regarding sex affecting dose selection to enhance safety and effectiveness outcomes of antipsychotic treatment.Disclosure of InterestG. Schoretsanitis Consultant of: HLS Therapeutics and ThermoFisher
Childhood maltreatment and clinical response to mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Attianese N. , Donato S. , Battipaglia M. , Ceres R. , D’Agostino G. , Cascino G. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionChildhood maltreatment (CM) is recognized to be a
non-specific risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. It has been consistently demonstrated that exposure to CM increases the risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD). In addition, CM has been associated with worse clinical presentation and course of BD. CM has been also linked to poorer responses to psychotropic drug treatments in different psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to explore retrospectively the impact of CM on the response to prophylactic treatment with lithium or anticonvulsants in a cohort of adult BD patients. Based on the reported literature, we hypothesized that BD patients with a history of CM would present a poorer response to both lithium and anticonvulsant treatments.MethodsParticipants were recruited from patients consecutively attending the outpatient facilities of the Psychiatric Unit of the University of Salerno. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: (1) diagnosis of BD type 1 or type 2 according to DSM‐5 criteria; (2) age ≥ 18 years; (3) willingness to participate in the study, expressed by written informed consent; (4) stable adequate treatments with mood stabilizers (at least 1‐year duration and, in the case of lithium, at therapeutic blood levels); (5) being clinically euthymic at the time of inclusion. Retrospective treatment response was evaluated by using the Alda scale. CM history was assessed by means of the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).ResultsThirty‐seven patients (24 with a history of CM and 13 without CM) were on stable lithium treatment while sixty (35 with a history of CM and 25 without CM) were on stable anticonvulsant treatment. Clinical response to drug treatment did not differ between BD with CM and those without CM in the whole sample as well as in the anticonvulsant‐treated subgroup. In the lithium‐treated subgroup, a significant negative correlation emerged between physical abuse and treatment response (ρ = −0.38; p = 0.03) and patients with CM showed a significantly reduced Alda score (p = 0.04).ConclusionsIn patients with BD, CM did not influence the clinical response of anticonvulsants, whereas it was associated with a poorer response to lithium with childhood physical abuse playing a major role in this effect.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Coping Strategies and Quality of life: Reaction to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Romanian physicians
Authors: Stretea R.-M.-A. , Milhem Z. , Forray A.-I. , Crișan C.-A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe COVID‑19 pandemic has raised multiple psychological challenges among most healthcare workers, from anxiety to depression, burnout, sleep disorders, and substance use disorders. Thus, the burden caused by this prolonged medical crisis has inevitably drastically lowered the quality of life of the medical staff. In order to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic, healthcare workers resorted to various coping strategies, with better or worse outcomes.ObjectivesThe present study aims to identify Romanian physicians’ main coping mechanisms and evaluate the role of positive and negative stress-reducing strategies on quality of life.MethodsA cross‑sectional national survey was conducted using a web-based questionnaire among physicians practicing in Romania (n=265). In addition to socio-demographic and professional information, the questionnaire addressed participants’ coping mechanisms using the COPE inventory and quality of life with the WHOQOL-Brief scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsIn total, 265 physicians consented to their participation in the survey. Of those who responded, 84.5% identified as female, 92.1% had a permanent residence in a urban setting, 63.8% were married and 55.1% attained a master’s degree, a PhD diploma or equivalent level of education. The results showed that optimism was higher in male professionals, while avoidance coping was higher in female health professionals. The mean values of QoL subscales were: 74.7± 18.3 for the general quality of life, 70.8± 20.7 for health satisfaction, 64.0± 14.2 for the physical area, 61.7± 16.2 for the psychological area, 61.2± 20.3 for the social relationships area and 64.7± 12.7 for the environment area. Specific coping mechanisms (emotional venting, behavioral and mental disengagement) were associated with lower quality of life. In contrast, emotion-focused (positive reinterpretation and acceptance), problem-focused strategies (planning, active coping, suppression of competing activities) and humor were associated positively with most QoL subscales scores.ConclusionsOur data points to specific protective characteristics and some detrimental factors on physicians’ quality of life during the pandemic, with the implication that these factors may be important considerations for mitigating distress and psychiatric disorders for healthcare workers during times of high stress. Concerted initiatives to improve wellness in healthcare workers ought to develop targeted programs to ensure adequate psychological support.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Pain of Unjust Losing. The feeling of injustice and the perception of pain
Authors: Wojtyna E. , Mucha A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSocial pain is a phenomenon where you feel pain in response to a social stimulus such as feelings of loss, exclusion, and injustice. In today’s world, people often experience unfair treatment. A special case is a situation in which the individual has aroused commitment, but there is no consequence in the form of the expected gratification.ObjectivesThe study aims to determine the impact of losing and unjust losing on the perception of pain.MethodsThe study involved 80 people who were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: win, lose, unfairly lose and control. The first three groups participated in a “paper-scissor-stone” game that was created in which they played against a false opponent. The game was constructed in such a way as to obtain the result provided for each group. The “unfairly lose” group received negative points for both a loss and a draw. The control group was only watching the play of two other players. Pre- and post-game pain thresholds and pain tolerance were tested in each group. Pain severity was also assessed. The pain was generated by a thermal stimulus using the TSA-II neuroanalyzer. Pain severity and involvement in the game were analyzed with the VAS scale.ResultsThe level of involvement in the game was identical in all three experimental groups. The lowest pain nuisance was observed after the game in the “win” group. The pain was the most strenuous in the group that was unjustly lost. In the group of “unfairly lose”, the pain tolerance threshold decreased after the game.ConclusionsFeelings of injustice can increase pain and pain sensitivity in people who, after inducing commitment, do not receive fair gratification.Disclosure of InterestE. Wojtyna Grant / Research support from: National Science Centre, A. Mucha: None Declared
Causal relationship between the administration of high-dose corticosteroids and the appearance of maniform-type psychopathology
Authors: Solis Correa M. O. , Valverde Barea M. , Soldado Rodriguez L. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionTo present a clinical case that reflects the causal relationship between the administration of high-dose corticosteroids and the appearance of maniform-type psychopathology.ObjectivesDescriptive study of a case report and literature review on the subject.Methods32-year-old woman with alcohol abuse detected, added Antabus 250 mg / day to her treatment.ResultsAfter 2 months of treatment, she was admitted to the Digestive Service due to acute hepatitis. After a liver biopsy and autoimmunity study was diagnosed as Autoimmune Hepatitis. Treatment with Antabus was withdrawn, and Prednisone 60 mg/day was prescribed. Seven days after starting treatment with corticosteroids, she presented maniform symptoms (psychomotor restlessness, expansive mood, dysphoria, megalomanic delusions, alteration of biological rhythms with decreased need for sleep and risk behaviors), and she was admitted in a psychiatric hospitalization unit. After considering various differential diagnoses she is diagnosed with Substance-Induced (corticosteroids) Mood Disorder with manic features. Psychiatry agrees with the Digestive Service to start treatment with Paliperidone and progressively lower the dose of corticosteroids until suspending it and prescribe an immunosuppressant. Finally, the maniform symptoms that led to admission remitted completely and control and outpatient treatment were continued.ConclusionsIts important to always keep in mind the great risk of the appearance of psychiatric disorders that treatment with high doses of corticosteroids entails, especially in susceptible patients or with a psychiatric history or genetic susceptibility. It is necessary to know the possible appearance of these neuropsychiatric adverse effects in order to prevent them, and if it appear, to assess, if possible, the suspension or reduction of corticosteroid treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Loneliness and the degree of addiction to shopping and work among Polish women: the mediating role of depression
Authors: Rachubińska K. , Cybulska A. M. , Schneider-Matyka D. , Grochans E. , Grochans S. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe rapid development of civilization is accompanied by many changes affecting human functioning. Technological development, wide access to positive stimuli and the neglect of emotional control and self-awareness in the learning process make it difficult for individuals to control their behavior. Such a loss of control is associated with the development of addictions. Therapists, doctors and researchers more and more often encounter cases of compulsive behavior focused on a specific activity - apart from gambling or playing computer or internet games, more and more often the subjects of preoccupation are compulsive shopping, sexual activities and work (workaholism).ObjectivesThe aim of the research was to try to define the mediating role of depression in the relationship between addiction to shopping and work and loneliness, understood in terms of general loneliness among Polish women.MethodsThe study was conducted among 556 women. The research was carried out with the use of the diagnostic survey method, using the questionnaire technique: the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the Purchasing Behavior Scale, the Work Addiction Risk Test, Beck Depression Inventory and a questionnaire of our authorship.ResultsDepressiveness is a mediator in the relationship between the feeling of loneliness and the degree of addiction to shopping (β = -0.0246, z = -2.03, p = 0.043) and in the relationship between the feeling of loneliness and the degree of addiction to work (β = -0.0722, z = -4.002, p < 0.001). The direct impact of the feeling of loneliness on the degree of addiction to shopping (p = 0.237) and work (p = 0.576) is statistically insignificant.ConclusionsIn the mediation model adopted, it was shown that depressiveness plays the role of a mediator between the feeling of loneliness and the degree of addiction to shopping and work. The increase in the level of depression increased the degree of addiction to shopping and work. The mediator’s participation lowered the level of the feeling of loneliness. Loneliness was not a significant predictor of addiction to shopping and work. There is a need to include activities aimed at identifying psychological factors influencing the occurrence of addictions to shopping and work among women. It seems important to be able to use psychological help when needed. It is also necessary to take institutional preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of behavioral addictions among women.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Piracetam and Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of residual cognitive symptoms after the discontinuation of benzodiazepines in long-term users; case series and review of the literature
Authors: Sugnet T. , Jonovska S. , Šendula-Jengić V. , Čargonja P. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionLong-term benzodiazepine use is common although not routinely recommended. While their dependence potential is notorious, cognitive problems due to their chronic use have only recently been intensively studied. Residual cognitive symptoms may linger months after successful benzodiazepine discontinuation and significantly limit optimal functional outcome in abstinent individuals.ObjectivesWe present a series of cases, a 41-year-old man and a 33-year-old woman who successfully completed a ten-week benzodiazepine-dependence rehabilitation program at our hospital, including successful tapering and post-withdrawal integrative therapy. At subsequent monthly outpatient check-ups, abstinence was confirmed (including toxicology testing) and there was no residual anxiety or mood symptomatology. Still, patients complained of their suboptimal functioning due to residual cognitive problems, especially trouble concentrating and short-memory deficits, which were objectively confirmed via psychometric tests.MethodsDuring continuous outpatient treatment (monthly controls), patients were clinically and neurocognitively evaluated. They were reluctant to try conventional psychopharmacology agents but were open to supplement therapy. After thorough literature review, a trial of piracetam and Ginko biloba extract was suggested. Piracetam, a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-receptors, has been used in the treatment of vascular neurocognitive changes in the elderly. Bilobalides from G. biloba, act as atypical antagonists of GABA-A receptors and were found to exert neuroprotective effects in animal models, without epileptogenic or anxiogenic risks.ResultsPatients were recommended piracetam (2.4 g a day) in divided doses and a once-daily dose of G. biloba extract (240 mg a day), in a standardized form containing 3.2% of bilobalides. No side effects were noticed. At subsequent monthly checkups, patients reported fewer cognitive problems and better everyday functioning. Neurocognitive testing confirmed subjective findings, with positive changes in all areas, but especially so in verbal memory, which may be due to this specific pharmacological combination. At the end of the observation period of sixth months, piracetam was gradually discontinued while patients were given free choice whether to continue with G. biloba supplementation.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, piracetam and G. biloba extract may prove beneficial in the treatment of residual cognitive symptoms after benzodiazepine discontinuation, in long-term benzodiazepine users. Other treatments, focusing not only on modulation of glutamate and GABA, but also on other pathways should be evaluated. Further clinical studies are warranted.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Schizophrenia and OCD, association and treatment. Literature review
Authors: Tbatou A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWorldwide epidemiological studies estimate that around 1% of the world population suffers from schizophrenia and 2 to 3% from compulsive-obsessive disorder (OCD). Moreover, a significant percentage of schizophrenia patients present an OCD comorbidity.These statistics testify to a close relationship between the two pathologies, which sometimes causes difficulties in differentiating between the two diagnoses, complicated by the fact that many schizophrenia patients can suffer from obsessive and/or compulsive symptomatology similar to OCD.ObjectivesThis literature review aims to explore the frequency of association between schizophrenia and OCD and the administrated treatment through articles exploration.MethodsWe conducted a literature review about the association frequency between schizophrenia and OCD and the administrated treatment, which implies scientific literature exploration and selecting several articles treating this topic.For our review, keywords used to search in Scopus and PubMed were: “schizophrenia and OCD” and “schizophrenia and OCD treatment” found more than 1500 results between 1988 and 2022. With the application of exclusion criteria, we included approximately 40 recent articles treating the frequency of association between schizophrenia and OCD and administrated treatment.We organized These articles by counties, association frequency, and the administrated treatment.ResultsOur review of these articles and studies finds mostly a percentage between 10% to 30 % worldwide (countries from Asia, America, Africa, and Europe) of schizophrenia patients suffering also from OCD. The difficulty of diagnosis between schizophrenia and OCD, and the frequency of existence of obsessive and/or compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia remains one of the most relevant challenges for diagnosis and treatment in these countries.We also found that administrated treatment was commonly pharmacological with psychotherapy association sometimes.ConclusionsOur review explored the frequency of schizophrenia and OCD association and the administrated treatment. We found significant comorbidity between the two pathologies. With these findings, we may suggest systematic research for OCD with adapted scales in every schizophrenia case.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Mania induced after corticosteroid treatment: a case report
Authors: Arroyo Sánchez E. , Sanz- Giancola A. , Setién Preciados P. , Romero Gerechter I. , Martín Velasco M. , Díaz Mayoral C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionCorticosteroids are drugs widely used in clinical practice for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite their beneficial effects, a high association of these drugs with neuropsychiatric adverse effects such as psychosis, mania, depression, delirium or increased risk of suicide, among others, has been observed. We present the case of 54-year-old man who started treatment with hydroaltesone 20 mg/8h after undergoing surgery for a pituitary macroadenoma who began with maniform clinic.ObjectivesTo know the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of mania as a side effect of corticosteroid drugs.MethodsPresentation of the case and review of the available literature on the risk of developing mania after corticosteroid treatment.ResultsSeveral studies confirm that the incidence of psychiatric adverse effects after the use of corticosteroids is around 6% if we refer to severe reactions; 28% moderate reactions; and 72% if we consider milder reactions. The direct relationship between these drugs and affective symptoms ranges in rates between 1-50% of cases, the most frequent being depression and mania. The risk of mania after treatment with corticosteroids is 4-5 times higher than if we compare it with a group of population not exposed to these drugs. There is a dose-response relationship, increasing the risk from a daily dose of 40 mg/day, with an average duration of symptoms of around 21 days. Female sex seems to be a risk factor in relation to the fact that diseases requiring this type of treatment are more common in this gender. As first-line treatment for mania secondary to corticosteroids, a decrease in treatment dose or its interruption, whenever possible, is proposed. Adjuvant treatment may be required, with atypical antipsychotics being the first choice.ConclusionsCorticosteroid therapy has a direct dose-response relationship with the presence of psychiatric adverse effects such as mania. Dose and sex have been studied as possible adverse effects. Therefore, the pharmacological treatment of choice consists of a reduction in the dose of corticosteroids administered or withdrawal, if possible, and may be combined with an atypical antipsychotic such as olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. Re-evaluation is recommended until complete resolution of the clinical picture and then antipsychotic treatment can be progressively withdrawn.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared