bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Immersion Programmes Appropriate for Students with Special Needs?
Authors: Kinberg Margot 
Published: April 2023

Foreign language immersion programmes are programmes of second language study in which the target language is the medium, rather than the topic, of instruction. Students enrolled in such programmes are thus exposed to the second language in all content areas throughout the school day, with the exception of native language arts instruction. Early immersion programmes begin in Kindergarten or Grade One or their equivalents. Late immersion programmes begin in junior high school or high school or their equivalents (Met, 1993). Research into the efficacy of immersion programmes has produced mixed results. Some studies have shown that immersion programme students achieve near-native profiency (e.g., Pawley, 1986; MacFarlane Wesche, 1995). Others, however, suggest that students in immersion programmes do not approach native-like proficiency (e.g., Lyster, 1987). While these studies have yielded a great deal of information about language acquisition in immersion programmes, they have focused on regular-education students. Little information on the suitability of immersion programmes for special-needs students, particularly those with language deficits, is available. This paper seeks to fill this gap in our understanding about immersion programmes. First, background information on immersion programmes is provided. Here it will be argued that, while certainly not perfect, these programmes are successful in helping regular-education students achieve high (though not native-like) levels of second-language proficiency. Next, the question of the suitability of immersion programmes for special-needs students, particularly those students with language deficits, will be raised. A study bearing on this question will then be presented. In this study, US immersion programmes were assessed as to the level of services they provide to special-needs students, their instructional adaptations and the success of their students. Finally, results of this study, together with conclusions and implications for immersion programmes and for the education of children with language deficits will be presented.
Risk and protective factors associated with adolescent depression in Singapore: a systematic review
Authors: Goh Wei Sheng , Tan Jun Hao Norman , Luo Yang , Ng Sok Hui , Sulaiman Mohamed Sufyan Bin Mohamed , Wong John Chee Meng , Loh Victor Weng Keong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Adolescent depression is prevalent, and teen suicide rates are on the rise locally. A systemic review to understand associated risk and protective factors is important to strengthen measures for the prevention and early detection of adolescent depression and suicide in Singapore. This systematic review aims to identify the factors associated with adolescent depression in Singapore.

Methods:
A systematic search on the following databases was performed on 21 May 2020: PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Full texts were reviewed for eligibility, and the included studies were appraised for quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Narrative synthesis of the finalised articles was performed through thematic analysis.

Results:
In total, eight studies were included in this review. The four factors associated with adolescent depression identified were: (1) sociodemographic factors (gender, ethnicity); (2) psychological factors, including childhood maltreatment exposure and psychological constructs (hope, optimism); (3) coexisting chronic medical conditions (asthma); and (4) lifestyle factors (sleep inadequacy, excessive internet use and pathological gaming).

Conclusion:
The identified factors were largely similar to those reported in the global literature, except for sleep inadequacy along with conspicuously absent factors such as academic stress and strict parenting, which should prompt further research in these areas. Further research should focus on current and prospective interventions to improve mental health literacy, targeting sleep duration, internet use and gaming, and mitigating the risk of depression in patients with chronic disease in the primary care and community setting.
A note on the column–row property
Authors: Ray Samya Kumar , Sarkar Srijan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study the following question asked by Michael Hartz in a recent paper (Every complete Pick space satisfies the column-row property, to appear in Acta Mathematica): which operator spaces satisfy the column–row property? We provide a complete classification of the column–row property (CRP) for noncommutative
$L_{p}$
-spaces over semifinite von Neumann algebras. We study other relevant properties of operator spaces that are related to the CRP and discuss their existence and nonexistence for various natural examples of operator spaces.
Ukrainisches Getreide unter Druck
Authors: Vetter Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

Frankfurt a.M. Ukrainische Getreideexporteure sind nicht zu beneiden. Der Getreidekorridor über das Schwarze Meer steht unter Vorbehalt, und die Ausfuhren nach Polen, Rumänien, Bulgarien, Ungarn und die Slowakei sorgen dort für Spannungen.
Atmospheric distribution of HCN from satellite observations and 3-D model simulations
Authors: Bruno Antonio G. , Harrison Jeremy J. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Moore David P. , Pope Richard J. , Wilson Christopher , Mahieu Emmanuel , Notholt Justus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is an important tracer of biomass burning, but there are significant uncertainties in its atmospheric budget, especially its photochemical and ocean sinks. Here we use a tracer version of the TOMCAT global 3-D chemical transport model to investigate the physical and chemical processes driving the abundance of HCN in the troposphere and stratosphere over the period 2004–2016.
The modelled HCN distribution is compared with version 4.1 of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) HCN satellite data, which provide profiles up to around 42 km, and with ground-based column measurements from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The long-term ACE-FTS measurements reveal the strong enhancements in upper-tropospheric HCN due to large wildfire events in Indonesia in 2006 and 2015. Our 3-D model simulations confirm previous lower-altitude balloon comparisons that the currently recommended NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) reaction rate coefficient of HCN with OH greatly overestimates the HCN loss. The use of the rate coefficient proposed by Kleinböhl et al. (2006) in combination with the HCN oxidation by O(1D) gives good agreement between ACE-FTS observations and the model. Furthermore, the model photochemical loss terms show that the reduction in the HCN mixing ratio with height in the middle stratosphere is mainly driven by the O(1D) sink with only a small contribution from a reaction with OH.
From comparisons of the model tracers with ground-based HCN observations we test the magnitude of the ocean sink in two different published schemes (Li et al., 2000, 2003). We find that in our 3-D model the two schemes produce HCN abundances which are very different to the NDACC observations but in different directions. A model HCN tracer using the Li et al. (2000) scheme overestimates the HCN concentration by almost a factor of 2, while a HCN tracer using the Li et al. (2003) scheme underestimates the observations by about one-third. To obtain good agreement between the model and observations, we need to scale the magnitudes of the global ocean sinks by factors of 0.25 and 2 for the schemes of Li et al. (2000) and Li et al. (2003), respectively. This work shows that the atmospheric photochemical sinks of HCN now appear well constrained but improvements are needed in parameterizing the major ocean uptake sink.
Evaluating skills and issues of quantile-based bias adjustment for climate change scenarios
Authors: Lehner Fabian , Nadeem Imran , Formayer Herbert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Daily meteorological data such as temperature or precipitation from climate models are needed for many climate impact studies, e.g., in hydrology or agriculture, but direct model output can contain large systematic errors. A large variety of methods exist to adjust the bias of climate model outputs. Here we review existing statistical bias-adjustment methods and their shortcomings, and compare quantile mapping (QM), scaled distribution mapping (SDM), quantile delta mapping (QDM) and an empiric version of PresRAT (PresRATe). We then test these methods using real and artificially created daily temperature and precipitation data for Austria. We compare the performance in terms of the following demands: (1) the model data should match the climatological means of the observational data in the historical period; (2) the long-term climatological trends of means (climate change signal), either defined as difference or as ratio, should not be altered during bias adjustment; and (3) even models with too few wet days (precipitation above 0.1 mm) should be corrected accurately, so that the wet day frequency is conserved. QDM and PresRATe combined fulfill all three demands. For (2) for precipitation, PresRATe already includes an additional correction that assures that the climate change signal is conserved.
Structural k-means (S k-means) and clustering uncertainty evaluation framework (CUEF) for mining climate data
Authors: Doan Quang-Van , Amagasa Toshiyuki , Pham Thanh-Ha , Sato Takuto , Chen Fei , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Dramatic increases in climate data underlie a gradual
paradigm shift in knowledge acquisition methods from physically based models
to data-based mining approaches. One of the most popular data clustering/mining techniques is k-means, and it has been used to
detect hidden patterns in climate systems; k-means is established based on distance metrics for
pattern recognition, which is relatively ineffective when dealing with “structured” data, that is,
data in time and space domains, which are dominant in climate science. Here, we propose (i) a novel structural-similarity-recognition-based k-means algorithm called structural k-means or S k-means for
climate data mining and (ii) a new clustering uncertainty representation/evaluation framework based on the information entropy concept. We
demonstrate that the novel S k-means could provide higher-quality clustering
outcomes in terms of general silhouette analysis, although it requires
higher computational resources compared with conventional algorithms. The
results are consistent with different demonstration problem settings using
different types of input data, including two-dimensional weather patterns,
historical climate change in terms of time series, and tropical cyclone
paths. Additionally, by quantifying the uncertainty underlying the
clustering outcomes we, for the first time, evaluated the “meaningfulness”
of applying a given clustering algorithm for a given dataset. We expect that
this study will constitute a new standard of k-means clustering with
“structural” input data, as well as a new framework for uncertainty
representation/evaluation of clustering algorithms for (but not limited to)
climate science.
Rescuing historical weather observations improves quantification of severe windstorm risks
Authors: Hawkins Ed , Brohan Philip , Burgess Samantha N. , Burt Stephen , Compo Gilbert P. , Gray Suzanne L. , Haigh Ivan D. , Hersbach Hans , Kuijjer Kiki , Martínez-Alvarado Oscar , McColl Chesley , Schurer Andrew P. , Slivinski Laura , Williams Joanne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Billions of historical climatological observations remain
unavailable to science as they exist only on paper, stored in numerous
archives around the world. The conversion of these data from paper to
digital could transform our understanding of historical climate variations,
including extreme weather events. Here we demonstrate how the rescue of such
paper observations has improved our understanding of a severe windstorm that
occurred in February 1903 and its significant impacts. By assimilating newly
rescued atmospheric pressure observations, the storm is now credibly
represented in an improved reanalysis of the event. In some locations this
storm produced stronger winds than any event during the modern period
(1950–2015) and it is in the top-4 storms for strongest winds anywhere over
land in England and Wales. As a result, estimates of risk from severe
storms, based on modern period data, may need to be revised. Examining the
atmospheric structure of the storm suggests that it is a classic
Shapiro–Keyser-type cyclone with “sting-jet” precursors and associated
extreme winds at locations and times of known significant damage. Comparison
with both independent observations and qualitative information, such as
photographs and written accounts, provides additional evidence of the
credibility of the atmospheric reconstruction, including sub-daily
rainfall variations. Simulations of the storm surge resulting from this
storm show a large coastal surge of around 2.5 m, comparing favourably with
newly rescued tide gauge observations and adding to our confidence in the
reconstruction. Combining historical rescued weather observations with
modern reanalysis techniques has allowed us to plausibly reconstruct a
severe windstorm and associated storm surge from more than 100 years ago,
establishing an invaluable end-to-end tool to improve assessments of risks
from extreme weather.
Moist available potential energy of the mean state of the atmosphere and the thermodynamic potential for warm conveyor belts and convection
Authors: Gertler Charles G. , O'Gorman Paul A. , Pfahl Stephan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Much of our understanding of atmospheric circulation comes from relationships between aspects of the circulation and the mean state of the atmosphere. In particular, the concept of mean available potential energy (MAPE) has been used previously to relate the strength of the extratropical storm tracks to the zonal-mean temperature and humidity distributions. Here, we calculate for the first time the MAPE of the zonally varying (i.e., three-dimensional) time-mean state of the atmosphere including the effects of latent heating. We further calculate a local MAPE by restricting the domain to an assumed eddy size, and we partition this local MAPE into convective and nonconvective components. Local convective MAPE maximizes in the subtropics and midlatitudes, in many cases in regions of the world that are known to have intense convection. Local nonconvective MAPE has a spatial pattern similar to the Eady growth rate, although local nonconvective MAPE has the advantage that it takes into account latent heating. Furthermore, the maximum potential ascent associated with local nonconvective MAPE is related to the frequency of warm conveyor belts (WCBs), which are ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones with large impacts on weather. This maximum potential ascent can be calculated based only on mean temperature and humidity, and WCBs tend to start in regions of high maximum potential ascent on a given day. These advances in the use of MAPE are expected to be helpful to connect changes in the mean state of the atmosphere, such as under global warming, to changes in important aspects of extratropical circulation.
Բնակավայրերի կարգավիճակը. հիմնախնդիրներ և հնարավոր լուծումներ
Authors: Թովմասյան Սարգիս , Առուստամյան Արսեն , Զիրաքյան Հայկ 
Published: April 2023

Հոդվածում ներկայացված են բնակավայրերի կարգավիճակին առնչվող հիմնախնդիրներն ինչպես արտերկրում, այնպես էլ Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում: Հիմնավորվել է, որ ներկա­յումս մեր երկրում կիրարկվող բնակավայրերի դասակարգումը, սահմանափակվելով միայն «քաղաք» և «գյուղ» հասկացություններով, աղերսներ չունի հայրենական պատմական փորձի հետ, բացի այդ, դեռևս սահմանված չեն բնակավայրերի կարգավիճակի որոշման սկզբունքները: Արտերկրում կիրարկվող փորձի հիման վրա ընտրվել են բնակավայրերը բնորոշող առանցքային ցուցանիշները՝ բնակչության թիվը, հանրային ծառայություններ ապահովող ենթակառուցվածք­ների առկայությունը և բնակչության հիմնական զբաղվածությունը՝ վերլուծելով և գնահատելով ՀՀ բնակավայրերի ընդհանրական պատկերն ըստ այդ ցուցանիշների: Վերլուծության արդյու­ն­քում առաջարկվել է բնակավայրերը բնորոշելու համար կիրառել ոչ միայն «քաղաք» և «գյուղ», այլև «ոստան», «քաղաքատիպ ավան» և «ավան» հասկացությունները: Մշակվել է բնակավայրերի տարակարգման նոր մոդել՝ ըստ նշված հասկացությունների և ընտրված չափանիշների: Ներ­կա­յացվել են բնակավայրերի գործող դասակարգման հիմնական փոփոխությունները և լրացում­ները՝ առաջարկվող մոդելի կիրարկման արդյունքում: Առաջարկությունները կարող են կիրառելի լինել հանրապետության բնակավայրերի դասակարգմանն առնչվող նորմատիվ-իրավական ակտերում փոփոխություններ և լրացումներ կատարելու ժամանակ:
Social Identity in Kurdish Film from a Theoretical and Sociologists Perspectives
Authors: Muhamad Hamarasheed Hawraz , Abdulqader Majid Paiman 
Published: April 2023

This research attempts to detect the meanings of social identity of an individual as an actor in life and its relation to the other individuals. Thoughts and behaviors are related to identity. At the same time Identity represent two characteristics (differences and similarities). Members of one social group are similar to each other within the group and also different from members of another social group. The combination of these two characteristics simultaneously within the group becomes an indication for identity. However, the individual has his own identity and no two people are alike of each other, but within the frame of the groups there are commonalities and similarities between individuals. The points in which individuals shares the same values may be the constituent races of identity including (gender, ethnicity, race and religion). Each of the dimensions of (social, cultural, political) are forms an individual’s social identity within the group. The research seeks to find these meanings in the Kurdish films and to reveal the social identity of the Kurdish individual. The findings of the study as follows;
1. Although Social identity it appears stable on the surface, however, changes in social circumstances will cause changes in identity.
2. To understand some scientific facts regarding the issue of Kurdish social identity and its reflection in the Kurdish films.
3. Identify and recognize the cultural and social characteristics of the Kurdish people and their appearance in the Kurdish films.
4. The individual’s identity status is determined by his or her self-identity and its attachment to his or her group. Thus, it shows the identity of the heroes of at Kurdish movies.
5. From the individual’s point of view, his/ her behavior is part of his/ her social identity, but in the event of isolation or deprivation from his social group, the individual’s behavior may change, because in the view of the Canadian sociologist (Goffman), the individual is acting, once on the stage (as his social group), once behind the stage (outside his social group).
Siderophore Production and its Role as Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Ahmed Ayaz , Kazmi Shahana 
Published: April 2023

Siderophores are iron chelators, which are produced by bacteria under iron-deficient conditions required for their growth. Therefore, siderophores can be used as a carrier to direct drugs into the bacteria and kill them. The present study was designed to screen siderophore production using different bacteria using an iron-deficient medium and its synergistic capability to kill drug-resistant bacteria. Siderophore under iron-deprived condition was evaluated by chrome azurol S (CAS) assay. Whereas, broth micro-dilution method and checkerboard assay were used to determine the antimicrobial properties of selected drugs or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) individually or in combination with synthetic siderophore. Results demonstrated that the entire tested microorganisms produced siderophore under the iron-deprived condition as evidenced by orange halo zones in CAS agar plates. Gram-negative bacteria produced more siderophores as reflected by orange color with bacterial zone inhibition of 17-22mm as compared to Gram-positive bacteria (13-15mm). As compared to antibiotics and EGCG, acetohydroxamic acid (aHa; synthetic siderophore) showed no antibacterial properties (1500 - 6500 µg/ml). The synergism of aHa with tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and EGCG (FIC index <0.5) against S. typhi, methicillin-resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli were evident. In conclusion, siderophore may be considered a potential candidate to design different combination therapy against emerging antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Pre-formulation Study of Tamoxifen and Excipients in Formulation of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
Authors: Khattak Muzna Ali , Iqbal Zafar , Pervez Sadia , Hidayatullah Taleya , Gohar Shazma , Arbab Tahir Ali 
Published: April 2023

The inactive ingredients (excipients) are integral to the pharmaceutical drug delivery system. If not selected intelligently and added without a proper scientific approach can lead to the instability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), low therapeutic outcome, or untoward effects. In this investigation, pre-formulation studies were carried out to confirm that the excipients used in the preparation of the nanoparticles were compatible with tamoxifen. The high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra-violet assay, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the stored preparation showed that the nanoparticles were stable, indicating that the ingredients were not reactive and compatible with each other. The tamoxifen drug content was above 98%. Also, the FTIR spectrum of the optimized and physical mixture showed that the API retained its major (1357.89 cm-1, 1589.34 cm-1, 1739.79 cm-, 12870.08 cm-1, and 3402.43 cm-1) characteristic peaks. The XRD confirmed that the drug is very well dispersed in amorphous form with no extraneous peaks. The TGA isotherm indicated that the melting point of the optimized formulation was 400 oC which is significantly higher than the pure tamoxifen, which is 150 oC. the TGA results indicated that the formulation is heat stable.
Teachers’ Issues and Concerns on the Use of Modular Learning Modality among High School Teachers
Authors: DUMANON ALEJANDRO , NAMATIDONG BEMBONG , NOCHE MARK DALLE CHRISTIAN , ARCILLA, JR. FELIX 
Published: April 2023

The implementation of enhanced community quarantine in the Philippines due to the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a lot in the economy and the educational system both in the country and worldwide. The study determined the specific issues and concerns among the teachers in the implementation of modular distance learning at Saint Michael College of Caraga. The study was conducted at Saint Michael College

of Caraga, and the respondents were the high teachers, both Junior and Senior high school Teachers. To aid the reliability of the data gathered, statistical tools were used frequency and weighted mean. Based on the findings, the teachers have issues with the students’ learning and the Parents’/Guardians’ support on the delay in passing the Learning Modules in Saint Michael College of Caraga. Moreover, the teachers are aware that the parents and guardians cannot fully attain their students’ learning needs, which is one of the reasons why there are delays in submitting the learning modules. It was recommended that the administration and teachers strengthen the monitoring and tracking of students’ progress. Revive the home visitation, conduct parent-teacher- school counselor conferences, and the referral process should be practiced by doing some meetings with the students and parents and conducting a program to continuously engage the teachers in further training to more teaching strategies during this modular learning modalities.