bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in public health-seeking behaviours for self-limiting respiratory tract infections across England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Read Brieze , McLeod Monsey , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Quigley Anna , Brown Colin S , Lecky Donna M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
National Health Service (NHS) guidance for acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) advocates self-care, encourages utilization of local pharmacies and recommends consulting general practitioners (GPs) primarily for the vulnerable or those with persistent symptoms. Coronavirus disease 2019 exerted substantial strain on the English NHS, affecting public access to primary care services.

Methods
For 3 years, public surveys assessed RTI incidences in the previous 12 months and associated health-seeking behaviours. Telephone surveys of 1676 respondents across England were conducted in March 2021 and 1663 respondents in March 2022. Findings were compared with a face-to-face baseline survey of 2022 respondents from March 2020. Key demographics were representative of the population.

Results
In 2021, the proportion of respondents who reported an RTI (51%) significantly declined from 2020 (70%, P &lt; 0.05), then returned to pre-pandemic rates in 2022 (67%). Respondents reported more proactive symptom management in both 2021 and 2022 from 2020: there were greater reports of seeking over-the-counter treatments (55%, 55% vs. 35%, P &lt; 0.05) and use of alternative remedies (38%, 38% vs. 21%, P &lt; 0.05). 2022 observed a reduction in those who reported consulting their GP for their most recent RTI (15%) compared to 2021 (25%, P &lt; 0.05) and 2020 (23%), which was not accounted for through greater consultation rates with other healthcare services.

Conclusions
Public health bodies should consider how pandemic-related changes may have facilitated increased self-care for self-limiting infections such as RTIs. Resources and support must include safety-netting advice to safeguard against unintentional consequences of increased self-care.
Participation in Community Gathering Places and Subsequent Health and Well-Being: An Outcome-Wide Analysis
Authors: Ide Kazushige , Nakagomi Atsushi , Tsuji Taishi , Yamamoto Takafumi , Watanabe Ryota , Yokoyama Meiko , Shirai Kokoro , Kondo Katsunori , Shiba Koichiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Evidence remains inadequate regarding the benefits of participation in community gathering places, which is Japan’s primary strategy for preventing functional disability in older adults, in other domains of health and well-being. This longitudinal study examined the associations of participation in community gathering places with an array of subsequent health and well-being outcomes among older adults.

Research Design and Methods
We used 3-wave data (2013, 2016, and 2019) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (n = 5 879 or 4 232 depending on the outcome). Our exposure was participation in community gathering places in 2016. We assessed 34 health/well-being outcomes in 2019 across 6 domains. We adjusted for pre-baseline covariates including prior outcome values in 2013.

Results
Compared with nonparticipation, participation in community gathering places was associated with some outcomes in the following 3 domains: physical/cognitive health (better higher-level functional capacity), social well-being (more frequent participation in hobby groups, senior citizens clubs, learning or cultural groups, and seeing more friends within a month), and prosocial/altruistic behaviors (more frequent participation in volunteering; after Bonferroni correction as p &lt; .0015, .05/34).

Discussion and Implications
Evidence was mixed and more modest for the outcomes in three other domains, mental health, psychological well-being, and health behaviors. Promoting participation in community gathering places may not only fulfill its original goal (ie, preventing functional disability) but also enhance other domains of human well-being, potentially by increasing social interactions.
Digital applications as a means for promotion of healthy behaviours among Albanian children
Authors: Vasil Suela , Xinxo Sonela , Alia Albano , Muça Kliton , Tresa Eni , Burazeri Genc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Digital applications can be effective tools for strengthening school-based health education programs as they can provide valuable health information to children through interactive videos, quizzes and games. We aimed at assessing the change in the prevalence of healthy behaviours among children exposed to digital applications (intervention) employed for promoting healthy behaviours. We conducted a cross-sectional study before the intervention in March 2022 including a representative sample of 1500 Albanian schoolchildren (≈54% girls) aged 12–15 years. In June 2022, after 4-month exposure to digital applications aimed at promoting healthy behaviours (intervention), we carried out a second cross-sectional study in the same sample of schoolchildren. In both survey rounds, an anonymous and structured self-administered questionnaire inquired children about a range of behavioural practices including nutrition, oral health, physical activity and hygiene practices. After the intervention, overall, there was evidence of a significant increase in the prevalence of all healthy behavioural practices measured: ~9% for breakfast consumption and/or environmental protection, 12% for toothbrushing, 14% for handwashing, 15% for leisure time physical exercise and 24% for adequate fruit and vegetable intake (all p &lt; 0.001). Engagement in healthy behaviours only after the intervention was higher among rural children (from 18% for breakfast consumption to 37% for handwashing and/or adequate fruit and vegetable intake) and especially those pertinent to Roma/Egyptian communities (from 18% for breakfast consumption to 46% for adequate fruit and vegetable intake), except for engagement in safe environmental protection which was more prevalent among urban residents (28% vs. 15% among rural children) and ethnic Albanian children (24% vs. 13% among Roma/Egyptian children). Our findings from Albania indicate that digital applications can be useful for strengthening school-based health promotion programs.
Cryptic splice mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene in patients with clinical manifestations of Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Crooks Daniel R , Cawthon Geetha Mariah , Fitzsimmons Christina M , Perez Minervo , Ricketts Christopher J , Vocke Cathy D , Yang Ye , Middelton Lindsay , Nielsen Debbie , Schmidt Laura S , Tandon Mayank , Merino Maria J , Ball Mark W , Meier Jordan L , Batista Pedro J , Linehan William Marston 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the development of cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and risk for development of an aggressive form of papillary renal cell cancer. HLRCC is caused by germline inactivating pathogenic variants in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene, which encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate and L-malate. We utilized enzyme and protein mobility assays to evaluate the FH enzyme in a cohort of patients who showed clinical manifestations of HLRCC but were negative for known pathogenic FH gene variants. FH enzyme activity and protein levels were decreased by 50% or greater in three family members, despite normal FH mRNA expression levels as measured by quantitative PCR. Direct Nanopore RNA sequencing demonstrated 57 base pairs of retained intron sequence between exons 9 and 10 of polyadenylated FH mRNA in these patients, resulting in a truncated FH protein. Genomic sequencing revealed a heterozygous intronic alteration of the FH gene (chr1: 241498239 T/C) resulting in formation of a splice acceptor site near a polypyrimidine tract, and a uterine fibroid obtained from a patient showed loss of heterozygosity at this site. The same intronic FH variant was identified in an unrelated patient who also showed a clinical phenotype of HLRCC. These data demonstrate that careful clinical assessment as well as biochemical characterization of FH enzyme activity, protein expression, direct RNA sequencing, and genomic DNA sequencing of patient-derived cells can identify pathogenic variants outside of the protein coding regions of the FH gene.
Male reproductive ageing: a radical road to ruin
Authors: Aitken R John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In modern post-transition societies, we are reproducing later and living longer. While the impact of age on female reproductive function has been well studied, much less is known about the intersection of age and male reproduction. Our current understanding is that advancing age brings forth a progressive decline in male fertility accompanied by a reduction in circulating testosterone levels and the appearance of age-dependent reproductive pathologies including benign prostatic hypertrophy and erectile dysfunction. Paternal ageing is also associated with a profound increase in sperm DNA damage, the appearance of multiple epigenetic changes in the germ line and an elevated mutational load in the offspring. The net result of such changes is an increase in the disease burden carried by the progeny of ageing males, including dominant genetic diseases such as Apert syndrome and achondroplasia, as well as neuropsychiatric conditions including autism and spontaneous schizophrenia. The genetic basis of these age-related effects appears to involve two fundamental mechanisms. The first is a positive selection mechanism whereby stem cells containing mutations in a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway gain a selective advantage over their non-mutant counterparts and exhibit significant clonal expansion with the passage of time. The second is dependent on an age-dependent increase in oxidative stress which impairs the steroidogenic capacity of the Leydig cells, disrupts the ability of Sertoli cells to support the normal differentiation of germ cells, and disrupts the functional and genetic integrity of spermatozoa. Given the central importance of oxidative stress in defining the impact of chronological age on male reproduction, there may be a role for antioxidants in the clinical management of this process. While animal studies are supportive of this strategy, carefully designed clinical trials are now needed if we are to realize the therapeutic potential of this approach in a clinical context.
An integrated end-to-end deep neural network for automated detection of discarded fish species and their weight estimation
Authors: Sokolova Maria , Cordova Manuel , Nap Henk , van Helmond Aloysius , Mans Michiel , Vroegop Arjan , Mencarelli Angelo , Kootstra Gert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sustainable management of aquatic resources requires efficient acquisition and processing of vast amounts of information to check the compliance of fishing activities with the regulations. Recent implementation of the European Common Fisheries Policy Landing Obligation implies the declaration of all listed species and sizes at the harbour. To comply with such regulation, fishers need to collect and store all discards onboard the vessel, which results in additional processing time, labour demands, and costs. In this study, we presented a system that allowed image-based documentation of discards on the conveyor belt. We presented a novel integrated end-to-end simultaneous detection and weight prediction pipeline based on the state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network. The performance of the network was evaluated per species and under different occlusion levels. The resulting model was able to detect discards with a macro F1-score of $94.10\%$ and a weighted F1-score of $93.88\%$. Weight of the fish could be predicted with mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root squared error of 29.74 (g), $23.78\%$, and 44.69 (g), respectively. Additionally, we presented a new dataset containing images of fish, which, unlike common object detection datasets, also contains weight measurements and occlusion level per individual fish.
Aromatase Inhibition and Electroconvulsive Seizures in Adolescent Rats: Antidepressant and Long-Term Cognitive Sex Differences
Authors: Ledesma-Corvi Sandra , García-Fuster M Julia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe recently showed sex differences in the antidepressant-like potential of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) in adolescent rats; whereas it worked for male rats, it was inefficacious in females. Because sex steroids might be important modulators of these sex disparities, we evaluated the role of estrogens in the differential response induced by adolescent ECS. Moreover, given the literature suggesting certain cognitive sequelae from ECS exposure, we aimed at evaluating its long-term safety profile in adulthood.MethodsAdolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 mL/kg/day) for 8 days (i.p.) and treated during the last 5 days (3 hours later) with ECS (95 mA, 0.6 s, 100 Hz) or SHAM. Antidepressant-like responses were measured in the forced swim test, and long-term cognitive performance was assessed in the Barnes maze.ResultsDuring adolescence, whereas ECS alone exerted an antidepressant-like response in male rats, its combination with letrozole permitted ECS to also induce efficacy in females. Moreover, adolescent ECS treatment improved cognitive performance in adulthood although exclusively in male rats.ConclusionsAdolescent ECS demonstrated an antidepressant-like potential together with certain long-term beneficial cognitive effects but exclusively in male rats. For females, efficacy was restricted to a situation in which the biosynthesis of estrogens was reduced. Therefore, estrogens and/or testosterone levels play a crucial role in the sex disparities induced by ECS in Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on this study and on the literature supporting its safety, ECS should be encouraged for use in cases of treatment-resistant depression during adolescence, while adhering to sex-specific considerations.
Interpreting the Results of Trials of BCG Vaccination for Protection Against COVID-19
Authors: Noble Christie C A , Messina Nicole L , Pittet Laure F , Curtis Nigel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
BCG vaccination has beneficial off-target (“nonspecific”) effects on nonmycobacterial infections. On this premise, trials set out to investigate whether BCG provides off-target protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A literature search identified 11 randomized “BCG COVID-19” trials, with conflicting results. These trials and the differences in their study design are discussed using the PICOT (participants, intervention, control, outcome, and timing) framework to highlight the factors that likely explain their inconsistent findings. These include participant age, sex and comorbid conditions, BCG vaccination strain and dose, outcome measure and duration of follow-up. Understanding how to control these factors to best exploit BCG's off-target effects will be important in designing future trials and intervention strategies.
Sequence Data From a Travel-Associated Case of Microcephaly Highlight a Persisting Risk due to Zika Virus Circulation in Thailand
Authors: Marquine Solène , Durand Guillaume André , Modenesi Gabriela , Khouadhria Siham , Piorkowski Géraldine , Badaut Cyril , Canivez Thomas , De Lamballerie Xavier , Grard Gilda , Klitting Raphaëlle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Zika virus has been circulating in Thailand since 2002 through continuous but likely low-level circulation. Here, we describe an infection in a pregnant woman who traveled to Thailand and South America during her pregnancy. By combining phylogenetic analysis with the patient's travel history and her pregnancy timeline, we confirmed that she likely got infected in Thailand at the end of 2021. This imported case of microcephaly highlights that Zika virus circulation in the country still constitutes a health risk, even in a year of lower incidence.

Main points
Here we trace the origin of travel-acquired microcephaly to Thailand, providing additional evidence that pre-American lineages of Zika virus can harm the fetus and highlighting that Zika virus constitutes a health threat even in a year of lower incidence.
Real-world Effectiveness of Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir as Treatments for COVID-19 in Patients at High Risk
Authors: Paraskevis Dimitrios , Gkova Maria , Mellou Kassiani , Gerolymatos Gerasimos , Psalida Naya , Gkolfinopoulou Kassiani , Kostaki Evangelia-Georgia , Loukides Stylianos , Kotanidou Anastasia , Skoutelis Athanasios , Thiraios Eleftherios , Saroglou Georgios , Zografopoulos Dimitrios , Filippou Dimitrios , Mossialos Elias , Zaoutis Theoklis , Gaga Mina , Tsiodras Sotirios , Antoniadou Anastasia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Using a retrospective cohort study design, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were highly vulnerable.

Methods
The impact of each drug was determined via comparisons with age-matched control groups of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 who did not receive oral antiviral therapy.

Results
Administration of molnupiravir significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; P &lt; .001) and death (OR, 0.31; P &lt; .001) among these patients based on data adjusted for age, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination status, and time elapsed since the most recent vaccination. The reductions in risk were most profound among elderly patients (≥75 years old) and among those with high levels of drug adherence. Administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir also resulted in significant reductions in the risk of hospitalization (OR, 0.31; P &lt; .001) and death (OR, 0.28; P &lt; .001). Similar to molnupiravir, the impact of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was more substantial among elderly patients and in those with high levels of drug adherence.

Conclusions
Collectively, these real-world findings suggest that although the risks of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 have been reduced, antivirals can provide additional benefits to members of highly vulnerable patient populations.
Threat Conceptions in Global Security Discourse: Analyzing the Speech Records of the United Nations Security Council, 1990–2019
Authors: Sakamoto Takuto 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War, the notion of global security, and presumed threats to it, has undergone considerable expansion and diversification. This process has been led by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), where active deliberations concerning “threat(s) to the peace” have taken place among major international actors. Despite a sizable accumulation of scholarly arguments, however, the defining features of the structure and dynamics of the post-Cold War security discourse remain ambiguous. To address these ambiguities, this study investigates the entire body of Council deliberations over the past three decades. Based on an original dataset consisting of policy statements delivered at the UNSC, the study employs quantitative text analysis tools, including word embedding, to examine how council members have conceived the notion of security threat in terms of the various issues and entities discussed. It shows the security discourse at the UNSC to be highly stratified and reveals the persistent and pervasive influence of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, which constitute the limited common grounds shared by the Council’s permanent members. These findings caution against the unconstrained use of certain theoretical constructs widely employed in other works, most notably, “securitization” and “interpretative community.”
Foundational domains and competencies for baccalaureate health informatics education
Authors: Khairat Saif , Feldman Sue S , Rana Arif , Faysel Mohammad , Purkayastha Saptarshi , Scotch Matthew , Eldredge Christina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Foundational domains are the building blocks of educational programs. The lack of foundational domains in undergraduate health informatics (HI) education can adversely affect the development of rigorous curricula and may impede the attainment of CAHIIM accreditation of academic programs.

Objective
This White Paper presents foundational domains developed by AMIA’s Academic Forum Baccalaureate Education Committee (BEC) which include corresponding competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) that are intended for curriculum development and CAHIIM accreditation quality assessment for undergraduate education in applied health informatics.

Methods
The AMIA BEC used the previously published master’s foundational domains as a guide to creating a set of competencies for health informatics at the undergraduate level to assess graduates from undergraduate health informatics programs for competence at graduation. A consensus method was used to adapt the domains for undergraduate level course work and harmonize the foundational domains with the currently adapted domains for HI master’s education.

Results
Ten foundational domains were developed to support the development and evaluation of baccalaureate health informatics education.

Discussion
This article will inform future work towards building CAHIIM accreditation standards to ensure that higher education institutions meet acceptable levels of quality for undergraduate health informatics education.
Examining primary care provider experiences with using a clinical decision support tool for pain management
Authors: Mazurenko Olena , McCord Emma , McDonnell Cara , Apathy Nate C , Sanner Lindsey , Adams Meredith C B , Mamlin Burke W , Vest Joshua R , Hurley Robert W , Harle Christopher A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate primary care provider (PCP) experiences using a clinical decision support (CDS) tool over 16 months following a user-centered design process and implementation.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a qualitative evaluation of the Chronic Pain OneSheet (OneSheet), a chronic pain CDS tool. OneSheet provides pain- and opioid-related risks, benefits, and treatment information for patients with chronic pain to PCPs. Using the 5 Rights of CDS framework, we conducted and analyzed semi-structured interviews with 19 PCPs across 2 academic health systems.

Results
PCPs stated that OneSheet mostly contained the right information required to treat patients with chronic pain and was correctly located in the electronic health record. PCPs used OneSheet for distinct subgroups of patients with chronic pain, including patients prescribed opioids, with poorly controlled pain, or new to a provider or clinic. PCPs reported variable workflow integration and selective use of certain OneSheet features driven by their preferences and patient population. PCPs recommended broadening OneSheet access to clinical staff and patients for data entry to address clinician time constraints.

Discussion
Differences in patient subpopulations and workflow preferences had an outsized effect on CDS tool use even when the CDS contained the right information identified in a user-centered design process.

Conclusions
To increase adoption and use, CDS design and implementation processes may benefit from increased tailoring that accommodates variation and dynamics among patients, visits, and providers.