bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Taxol Enabled by Inter‐ and Intramolecular Radical Coupling Reactions
Authors: Imamura Yusuke , Takaoka Kyohei , Komori Yuma , Nagatomo Masanori , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTaxol is a clinically used drug for the treatment of various types of cancers. Its 6/8/6/4‐membered ring (ABCD‐ring) system is substituted by eight oxygen functional groups and flanked by four acyl groups, including a β‐amino acid side chain. Here we report a 34‐step total synthesis of this unusually oxygenated and intricately fused structure. Inter‐ and intramolecular radical coupling reactions connected the A‐ and C‐ring fragments and cyclized the B‐ring, respectively. Functional groups of the A‐ and C‐rings were then efficiently decorated by employing newly developed chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective reactions. Finally, construction of the D‐ring and conjugation with the β‐amino acid delivered taxol. The powerful coupling reactions and functional group manipulations implemented in the present synthesis provide new valuable information for designing multistep target‐oriented syntheses of diverse bioactive natural products.
Metal Organic Framework Cubosomes
Authors: Li Chen , Pan Yi , Xiao Tianyu , Xiang Luoxing , Li Qian , Tian Feng , Manners Ian , Mai Yiyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate a general strategy for the synthesis of ordered bicontinuous‐structured metal organic frameworks (MOFs) by using polymer cubosomes (PCs) with a double primitive structure (Im
m symmetry) as the template. The filling of MOF precursors in the open channel of PCs, followed by their coordination and removal of the template, generates MOF cubosomes with a single primitive topology (Pm
m) and average mesopore diameters of 60–65 nm. Mechanism study reveals that the formation of ZIF‐8 cubosomes undergoes a new MOF growth process, which involves the formation of individual MOF seeds in the template, their growth and eventual fusion into the cubosomes. Their growth kinetics follows the Avrami equation with an Avrami exponent of n=3 and a growth rate of k=1.33×10−4, indicating their fast 3D heterogeneous growth mode. Serving as a bioreactor, the ZIF‐8 cubosomes show high loading of trypsin enzyme, leading to a high catalytic activity in the proteolysis of bovine serum albumin.
Targeted Degradation of PD‐L1 and Activation of the STING Pathway by Carbon‐Dot‐Based PROTACs for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Su Wen , Tan Mixiao , Wang Zhihang , Zhang Jie , Huang Wenping , Song Haohao , Wang Xinye , Ran Haitao , Gao Yanfeng , Nie Guangjun , Wang Hai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is an emerging approach to degrade disease‐associated proteins. Here, we report carbon‐dot (CD)‐based PROTACs (CDTACs) that degrade membrane proteins via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. CDTACs can bind to programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), recruit cereblon (CRBN) to induce PD‐L1 ubiquitination, and degrade them with proteasomes. Fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD) is also used to enhance the cellular uptake and proteasome activity. More than 99 % or 90 % of PD‐L1 in CT26 or B16‐F10 tumor cells can be degraded by CDTACs, respectively. Furthermore, CDTACs can activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to trigger immune responses. Thus, CDTACs with FMD treatment effectively inhibit the growth of CT26 and B16‐F10 tumors. Compared with small‐molecule‐based PROTACs, CDTACs offer several advantages, such as efficient membrane protein degradation, targeted tumor accumulation, immune system activation, and in vivo detection.
Novel halogen‐free Si‐C‐P flame‐retarding coatings constructed by DOPO/flake graphite co‐doping silica fume‐based geopolymer
Authors: Wang Ya Chao , Li Fan , Zhao Jiang Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA facile design for value‐added recycling of metallurgical solid waste is urgent for developing safe and sustainable human settlements. Therefore, novel DOPO/flake graphite (FG) co‐doped silica fume‐based geopolymer coatings for flame‐retarding plywood were prepared to seek a halogen‐free and low‐carbon Si‐C‐P fireproof method. The results show that appropriate DOPO (1 wt%) constitutes an enhanced flame retardancy, evidenced by the reduced peak of heat release rate (decreases from 153.48 to 96.94 kW m−2) and the rising flame retardancy index (climbs from 1.00 to 2.32). Meanwhile, its pyrolysis is identified as the three‐level chemical reaction model (F3), the hydrogen bond crosslinking between the POC and HOSiO results in a rising Eα at 1000–731°C (increases from 163.60 to 198.83 kJ mol−1). Finally, the synergistically flame‐retardant mechanism consists of water volatilization at 100°C, the as‐formed porous carbonaceous layer at about 200°C, transformations of DOPO at 300–500°C, the formed DOPO derivatives at 500–700°C, and the decomposition of DOPO derivatives (condensed phase barrier) above 700°C, respectively. The yielded residues generate a 56% formaldehyde adsorption rate. It proposes a halogen‐free and low‐carbon strategy for designing Si‐C‐P hybrid flame‐retarding coatings, indicating an ecological direction for the value‐added utilization of metallurgical solid waste.
A general stochastic maximum principle for discrete‐time mean‐field optimal controls
Authors: Song Teng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the discrete‐time mean‐field stochastic optimal control problem under weakened convexity assumption. By introducing the concept of the
‐convex set, a special variation of the control is proposed. Using the new discrete‐time backward stochastic equation of mean‐field type, the global stochastic maximum principle is established. Moreover, as illustrations, one kind of discrete‐time linear‐quadratic (LQ) nonzero‐sum stochastic game and a discrete‐time mean‐variance portfolio selection optimization problem are solved.
Measurements and morphometric landmarks of the human spinal cord: A cadaveric study
Authors: Nunès Anthony , Glaudot Guillaume , Lété Aegryan , Balci Aybegum , Lengelé Benoît , Behets Catherine , Jankovski Aleksandar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe topographical neuroanatomy of the human spinal cord (SC) is currently based on the adjacent vertebrae. This morphometric study sought to develop a dataset allowing for statistical analysis of human SC segment characteristics. Overall, 32 human SCs were dissected (18 female and 14 male donors), and individual SC segments were identified. Anterior and posterior lengths, thicknesses and widths were measured by two examiners. Statistical analyses included t‐tests, as well as intraclass and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The SC length was significantly shorter in females than males. The cranial (C4) and caudal (T1/T2) limits of the cervical enlargement, along with its maximal width (C6–C7), were identified by combining widths and thicknesses of the segments. The thoracic region, T2 to T12, could be identified using segments widths and thicknesses values. The length of the lumbosacral region, from segments L2 to S5, was particularly stable, independently of SC length and sex. The lumbar enlargement was characterized by a thickness increase between the segments L2 and S1 which reached its maximum at the level of L3, L4, and L5, whereas the width was not significantly increased. From the S2 to S5 segments, width and thickness were equal, with both decreasing of 1 mm per segment. The morphometrical analysis of 32 human SCs provided a dataset allowing for statistical analysis of segmental measures with significant results. A combined approach mostly using widths and thicknesses provided landmarks of potential interest for the localization of SC segments in a clinical MRI setting.
West meets east: Taking a stab at acupuncture point names
Authors: Neumann Paul E. , Halle Michael W. , Kong Jian , Kikinis Ron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcupuncture point names written in Chinese Han characters often provide clinically useful information in both their literal and figurative meanings about location and therapeutic use. The World Health Organization (WHO) standard acupuncture nomenclature includes these names in Han characters in an unusual array that includes both “original” forms and, in parentheses, simplified forms. Construction of a multilingual table of acupuncture point names during development of a database revealed that the assumption that the “original” form in the WHO nomenclature was the traditional Chinese character was frequently false. The Han character forms in the pdf of the 2009 reprint of WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations were carefully compared with Han characters used in traditional and simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean writing systems. This work utilized three online tools: UnicodePlus, Unihan Database Lookup, and Wiktionary. Only 48% of the “original” character forms were traditional Chinese characters. The Unicode number was correct in 99%, but in most cases the East Asian font used was not a traditional Chinese one. The issue about Han character forms was also found in all earlier versions of the WHO standard acupuncture nomenclature. Other detected problems included the use of wrong characters for an “original” character form in one name and for a simplified character form in another name. The WHO standard acupuncture nomenclature should be revised with a focus on accuracy in the usage of Han characters.
Surgical management of severe pediatric blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Vidal Adilson V. B. , de Oliveira Adilson J. M. , Rossi Thais N. , de Carvalho Bruna C. N. , Volpiane Melissa P. F. , Scholobach Max C. , Peterlini Fabio L. , dos Santos Silva Rhuann Pontes , Nascimento Felipe Câncio , Gouveia Edna E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 3‐year‐old male patient was brought to the Emergency Department with a traumatic blunt lesion in the liver. Due to hemodynamic instability and a severe lesion of a grade IV liver injury shown on the CT, the chosen conduct was to perform a hepatorrhaphy with oxidized cellulose.
Incidental finding of a hidden central polydactyly: A case report
Authors: Bhoora Mahir , Dargan Dallan , Milner Chris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCongenital hand anomalies are common, and must always be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with hand pathology. We report the case of a child who sustained a fingertip injury to highlight an unusual presentation of central polydactyly.
Enhanced Stability of Atomically Dispersed Pd Catalysts via Ionic Liquid Layer Deposition for Selective Acetylene Hydrogenation to Ethylene in Excess Ethylene
Authors: Kim Youngchan , Kim Taehyup , Hyuk Kang Ki , Ro Insoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of TiO2‐supported Pd catalysts with different amounts of ionic liquid (IL) were synthesized for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene in excess ethylene. CO Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high‐angle annular dark‐field‐scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that the Pd species in the catalysts synthesized via the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method exist predominantly as isolated atoms on TiO2 independent of the presence of the IL. Using a combination of FTIR and XPS, it was found that IL deposition on Pd catalysts induces a change in the electronic structure of atomically dispersed Pd atoms. The IL‐modified catalysts exhibited improved stability in acetylene hydrogenation compared to IL‐free catalysts owing to their higher coke resistance. Thus, this study provides a novel synthetic strategy based on IL deposition for improving the coke resistance and stability of atomically dispersed catalysts.
Stable Cycling of Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by a Sodium/Silica‐Gel Host
Authors: Petrongari Angelica , Tuccillo Mariarosaria , Ciccioli Andrea , Latini Alessandro , Brutti Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSodium metal batteries (SMBs) are innovative and promising energy storage systems. SMBs are a competitive technological paradigm compared to the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries thanks to the high specific capacity of sodium metal, i. e., 1166 mAh g−1, and the Na+/Na0 low redox potential of −2.71 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode. Unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), uncontrolled overpotentials and dendrite growth of sodium are the main drawbacks that hinder the development of SMBs. Herein, we propose a functionalized silica gel material with extended porosity (NaSGII) as an active host material in order to obtain stable cycling of sodium metal anodes. NaSGII was incorporated in composite electrodes using a conductive carbon additive and polymeric binders and the functional properties in SMBs cells demonstrated by galvanostatic tests. A Butler‐Volmer analysis demonstrated an improvement of electrokinetic parameters induced by NaSGII.
Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Terephthalate Ligand Decorated TiO2 with Various Morphologies for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Dong Pengyu , Gao Kangjie , Li Kang , Wang Haoyu , Xi Xinguo , Feng Pingyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt has been rarely reported the morphological control of derivatives of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in hydrothermal conditions for photocatalytic applications. We report here a family of highly efficient composite photocatalysts composed of terephthalic acid/terephthalate (TPA) ligand and TiO2 with various morphologies (e. g., nanoparticles, nanosheets, and nanorods). The composites are synthesized by a simple one‐step hydrothermal method in various solvents (i. e., H2O, HF, H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3) using Ti‐based MOF (MIL‐125(Ti)) as precursor. The formation mechanism of composite materials with different morphological features is discussed. Impressively, the composite of TiO2 nanoparticles/TPA synthesized using H2O as solvent under hydrothermal condition exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 activity among the studied materials, with a photocatalytic H2 production rate of 6.38 mmol g−1 h−1, which is approximately 7.5‐fold higher than pure TiO2 (Degussa, P25) and prominent apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 65 % at 365 nm. Furthermore, the mechanism of boosted photocatalytic H2 production is discussed.
Acupuncture during gynecological oncology surgery: A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of integrative therapies on perioperative pain and anxiety
Authors: Ben‐Arye Eran , Segev Yakir , Galil Galit , Marom Inbal , Gressel Orit , Stein Nili , Hirsh Irena , Samuels Noah , Schmidt Meirav , Schiff Elad , Lurie Irina , Lavie Ofer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, the impact of a multimodal integrative oncology pre‐ and intraoperative intervention on pain and anxiety among patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery was explored.MethodsStudy participants were randomized to three groups: Group A received preoperative touch/relaxation techniques, followed by intraoperative acupuncture; Group B received preoperative touch/relaxation only; and a control group (Group C) received standard care. Pain and anxiety were scored before and after surgery using the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCAW) and Quality of Recovery (QOR‐15) questionnaires, using Part B of the QOR to assess pain, anxiety, and other quality‐of‐life parameters.ResultsA total of 99 patients participated in the study: 45 in Group A, 25 in Group B, and 29 in Group C. The three groups had similar baseline demographic and surgery‐related characteristics. Postoperative QOR‐Part B scores were significantly higher in the treatment groups (A and B) when compared with controls (p = .005), including for severe pain (p = .011) and anxiety (p = .007). Between‐group improvement for severe pain was observed in Group A compared with controls (p = .011). Within‐group improvement for QOR depression subscales was observed in only the intervention groups (p <0.0001). Compared with Group B, Group A had better improvement of MYCAW‐reported concerns (p = .025).ConclusionsA preoperative touch/relaxation intervention may significantly reduce postoperative anxiety, possibly depression, in patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery. The addition of intraoperative acupuncture significantly reduced severe pain when compared with controls. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and better understand the impact of intraoperative acupuncture on postoperative pain.Plain language summary

Integrative oncology programs are increasingly becoming part of supportive/palliative care, with many working within the Society for Integrative Oncology.

This study examined the impact of a multimodal integrative oncology program on pain and anxiety among 99 patients undergoing gynecological oncology surgery. Participants were randomized to three groups: preoperative touch/relaxation treatments, followed by intraoperative acupuncture; preoperative touch/relaxation without acupuncture; and a control group receiving standard care only.

The preoperative touch/relaxation intervention significantly reduced perioperative anxiety, with the addition of intraoperative acupuncture significantly reducing severe pain as well, when compared with controls. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Triorganylphosphoranides: Realization of an Unusual Structural Motif Utilizing Electron Withdrawing Pentafluoroethyl Groups
Authors: Keßler Mira , Kapiza Michael , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Hoge Berthold 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhosphoranides comprising three phosphorus carbon bonds are scarcely represented in the literature. We now utilized tris(pentafluoroethyl)phosphane, P(C2F5)3, and cyanobis(pentafluoroethyl)phosphane, P(C2F5)2(CN), featuring electron withdrawing pentafluoroethyl groups, to synthesize such compounds. Metal fluorides MF (M=Ag, Cs) add to P(C2F5)3 yielding respective M[P(C2F5)3F] salts. Those M[P(C2F5)3F] subsequently suffer a loss of C2F4, furnishing M[P(C2F5)2F2]. The cesium salt decomposes instantaneously when warmed to rt, whereas the silver salt decomposes slowly over several days at rt. Treatment of Ag[P(C2F5)3F] with 2,2’‐bipyridine facilitated the isolation and structural characterization of [Ag(bipy){P(C2F5)3F}]. With P(C2F5)2(CN), AgF reacts under substitution of the cyano group yielding P(C2F5)2F, rather than phosphoranide formation. However, [K(18‐crown‐6)]F adds to P(C2F5)2(CN) furnishing [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(C2F5)2(CN)F]. Its structural characterization was successful, despite its tendency to undergo an exchange of substituents, yielding [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(C2F5)2F2] and presumably [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(C2F5)2(CN)2]. The latter forms an equilibrium with [K(18‐crown‐6)]CN and P(C2F5)2(CN) which lies well on side of the phosphane and cyanide salt.
The Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form: Psychometric evaluation in one non‐clinical and two clinical Swedish samples
Authors: Alfonsson Sven , Winai Ebba , Collin Emelie , Isaksson Martina , Wolf‐Arehult Martina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐compassion has been defined as the ability to be with one's feelings of suffering in a warm and caring way. Research has shown a negative association between self‐compassion and mental illness, and that low self‐compassion can make psychotherapeutic effects less likely. The ability to measure a patient's self‐compassion in a fast and reliable way is therefore important in investigating effects of psychotherapies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS‐SF) in both non‐clinical (NC) and clinical samples.MethodsCross‐sectional data were gathered in a NC community sample (n = 1,089), an eating disorder (ED) sample (n = 253) and a borderline personality disorder (BPD) sample (n = 151). All participants were asked to complete a number of questionnaires, including the SCS‐SF, and 121 participants in the NC sample repeated the assessment after 2 weeks for test–retest analysis.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses supported the first‐order model suggested in previous research. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78–0.87) and test–retest reliability (intra‐class correlation = 0.84) were demonstrated for the entire scale. Results also showed good convergent validity, demonstrating moderate negative associations between self‐compassion and mental illnesses, as expected, and acceptable divergent validity, demonstrating weak positive associations between self‐compassion and quality of life and mindfulness.DiscussionThe correlations between the SCS‐SF and the instruments used for validation were weaker in the clinical samples than the NC sample. This may be due to difficulties measuring these constructs or that the associations differ somewhat between different populations, which could warrant further research. The results added some support to the assumption that self‐compassion may overlap with mindfulness yet still represents a distinct construct.ConclusionsAnalyses of the SCS‐SF provided evidence of adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting use of the scale's total sum score and a first‐order factor structure. This is in accordance with previous evaluations of the SCS‐SF, suggesting that it is a reliable and time‐efficient instrument for measuring a general level of self‐compassion. This may be important when evaluating psychotherapy and investigating self‐compassion and its influence on psychiatric illness.
Methods to Study Mitochondria: Techniques Used to Study the Effects of Age‐Related Diseases Including Alzheimer's
Authors: Baig Javaria , Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi , Reddy P. Hemachandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVarious laboratories across the world have developed methods to study mitochondrial proteins/markers through extraction of mitochondrial RNA and protein to assess mitophagy/autophagy in Alzheimer's disease and other age‐related diseases. Techniques outlined in this article include qRT‐PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Seahorse bioanalysis, staining for mitochondrial membrane potential, detection of mitophagy, and mitochondrial functional assays. Most of these techniques have been performed in vitro (in human and mouse neuronal cell lines transfected with mutant amyloid precursor protein or tau protein cDNAs) and in vivo (in brain tissues from different mouse models of Alzheimer's and other neurological diseases). Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease have taken various forms, including excessive reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial calcium dyshomeostasis, loss of ATP, defects in mitochondrial dynamics and transport, and mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is largely involved in aging; age‐related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity; and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and others. The goal of this article is to make protocols/methods available to students, scholars, and researchers of mitochondria in order to facilitate future mitochondrial studies. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Analyzing mitochondrial gene expression in mouse brain tissue and HT22 cells by qRT‐PCRBasic Protocol 2: Analyzing protein expression in mouse brain tissue and HT22 cells by immunoblottingBasic Protocol 3: Immunofluorescence staining of cells and tissue sectionsBasic Protocol 4: Staining for mitochondrial membrane potentialBasic Protocol 5: Assessing mitochondrial structure by transmission electron microscopyBasic Protocol 6: Methods for detecting mitophagyBasic Protocol 7: Bioenergetics assay via SeahorseBasic Protocol 8: Assays for mitochondrial function