bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Mapping of the Human Epicardium
Authors: Majumder Jonah A. , Cheng Danyang , Yang Haiqiu , Laurita Kenneth , Rollins Andrew M. , Saluja Deepak , Hendon Christine P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEpicardial catheter ablation is necessary to address ventricular tachycardia targets located far from the endocardium, but epicardial adipose tissue and coronary blood vessels can complicate ablation. We demonstrate that catheter‐based near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can identify these obstacles to guide ablation. Eighteen human ventricles were mapped ex vivo using NIRS catheters with optical source‐detector separations (SDSs) of 0.6 and 0.9 mm. A logistic regression model trained from manually labeled spectra achieved mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.907 (0.6 mm SDS) and 0.911 (0.9 mm SDS) in binary adipose detection. Novel optical indices for adipose detection were also proposed, achieving AUROCs of 0.881 (0.6 mm SDS) and 0.873 (0.9 mm SDS), while a blood‐specific optical index achieved AUROC of 0.859 for vessel detection (0.9 mm SDS). These results suggest that catheter‐based NIRS can detect adipose tissue and coronary vessels to improve efficacy and safety of epicardial ablation.
Muscle Loss During First‐Line Chemotherapy Impairs Survival in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Despite Adapted Physical Activity
Authors: Parent Pauline , Pigneur Frédéric , Hilmi Marc , Carnot Aurélien , Garcia Larnicol Marie‐Line , Vernerey Dewi , Luciani Alain , Hammel Pascal , Henriques Julie , Neuzillet Cindy , Turpin Anthony 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdvanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (aPDAC) is often accompanied by significant muscle mass loss, contributing to poor prognosis. SarcAPACaP, an ancillary study of the GERCOR‐APACaP phase III trial, evaluated the role of adapted physical activity (APA) in aPDAC Western patients receiving first‐line chemotherapy. The study aimed to assess (1) the potential impact of computed tomography (CT)–quantified muscle mass before and during treatments on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and overall survival (OS) and (2) the role of APA in mitigating muscle mass loss.MethodsIn the APACaP trial, aPDAC patients with ECOG performance status (PS) 0–2 were randomized 1:1 to usual care including first‐line chemotherapy or usual care plus a 16‐week home‐based APA program. In the SarcAPACaP study, the surface muscular index (SMI) was determined from L3 CT scan slices. Two patient populations were analysed: those with CT scan available at baseline (modified[m] intent‐to‐treat [ITT]1‐W0) and those with CT scans available at both W0 and W16 (mITT2 W0–W16). Low muscle mass was defined by low SMI with SMI < 41 cm2/m2 for women and < 43 and < 53 cm2/m2 for men with body max index < 25.0 and ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, respectively. Muscle loss was defined by the relative difference of SMI between W0 and W16 (100*[SMI W16–SMI W0]/SMI W0). In mITT2 W0–W16, patients were stratified into three groups based on the severity of muscle loss: none, moderate (0%–10%) and high (≥ 10%). Associations between muscle mass loss and OS, time until definitive deterioration (TUDD) of HRQoL and the effect of APA on loss of muscle mass were assessed.ResultsBetween October 2014 and May 2020, 313 patients were prospectively enrolled, with 225 in mITT1 W0 and 128 in mITT2 W0–W16, with 65 assigned to the APA arm. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics with comparable OS and TUDD. A low SMI at W0 was not associated with OS and TUDD of HRQoL in either group. Among mITT2 W0–W16 patients, high muscle mass loss (n = 27) independently predicted OS (p = 0.012) and showed a trend toward negatively affecting TUDD of HRQoL. Notably, APA did not mitigate muscle loss in our study population.ConclusionsLongitudinal muscle mass loss emerged as a predictive factor for both OS and HRQoL in aPDAC patients undergoing chemotherapy, while a low SMI at diagnosis did not provide prognostic value. APA did not impact muscle mass loss in this population.
Effectiveness of nonsurgical re‐instrumentation of residual pockets as step 3 of periodontal therapy: A field study
Authors: Liss Anna , Abrahamsson Kajsa H. , Welander Maria , Tomasi Cristiano 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims to analyze the effectiveness of nonsurgical re‐instrumentation of residual pockets as step 3 of periodontal therapy and the stability of treatment outcomes at 18 months.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 489 patients diagnosed and treated nonsurgically for periodontitis. After a 6‐month evaluation, residual pockets (≥5 mm) were re‐instrumented. A final examination was performed at 18 months. Participants were categorized by treatment outcome at 6 months: (A) No residual pockets ≥5 mm, (B) Residual pockets 5–6 mm, or (C) Residual pockets ≥7 mm. The primary outcome was pocket closure (≤4 mm). Logistic regression models were built to evaluate the effectiveness of re‐instrumentation and stability of initial outcomes at 18 months.ResultsRe‐instrumentation of pockets 5 to 6 mm resulted in pocket closure of around 39% in groups B and C. The corresponding result at sites with deeper residual pocketing (probing pocket depth [PPD] ≥7 mm) was 28%. Combining hand and ultrasonic instrumentation was more effective than each alone. Healed sites (6 months) were more likely to remain closed in group A (80%) than in groups B (50%) and C (40%). The logistic regression revealed that the stability of outcomes of step 1 and step 2 therapy was influenced by PPD at baseline, tobacco smoking, age, and type of tooth.ConclusionsAt step 3, nonsurgical re‐instrumentation can effectively improve periodontal health conditions. Treatment decisions after nonsurgical therapy should be based on residual probing depth, overall healing response, and patient behavior. The stability of clinical results was influenced by disease severity and the effectiveness of step 2 therapy.Plain Language SummaryThis study examined the effectiveness of nonsurgical re‐treatment of residual pockets (periodontal pockets not healed) after initial therapy and the stability of treatment outcomes to 18 months. The study involved 489 patients with periodontitis (loss of tooth‐supporting structures) treated in general dental practice. Residual pockets were re‐treated after examination at 6 months. A final examination was performed at 18 months. Treatment of residual gingival pockets was more successful in moderately diseased pockets compared with the most severely diseased pockets. Clinical results achieved in patients with a mild form of periodontitis were better in terms of stability compared with patients suffering from moderate and severe periodontitis. The success of nonsurgical periodontal treatment was influenced by the severity of periodontitis at the study start, the type of tooth affected, the age of the patient, and whether the patient was a smoker or not.
An Open‐Label, Non‐randomized, Drug‐Repurposing Study to Explore the Clinical Effects of Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) Receptor Antagonists on Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bordet Sofia , Grasso Lina , Udovin Lucas , Chevalier Guenson , Otero‐Losada Matilde , Capani Francisco , Perez‐Lloret Santiago 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe cerebral Renin‐Angiotensin System might have a role in anxiety and depression development.ObjectiveWe explored the effects of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐Is) on anxiety and depression in Parkinson's Disease (PD).MethodsFour hundred and twenty‐three newly diagnosed drug‐naïve PD patients were evaluated using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15) tests and were monitored at baseline and for up to 3 years.ResultsTwelve patients were treated with ARBs and 42 with ACE‐Is. ARB‐treated patients had lower anxiety STAI scores than those on ACE‐Is or drug‐free at baseline (17.2 ± 1.3 vs. 21.3 ± 1.3, or 23.8 ± 0.5, respectively, P = 0.021) and during the follow‐up (P < 0.01). Depression scores were unaffected by any of the drugs throughout the study.ConclusionThis small sample of ARB‐treated PD patients displayed lower levels of anxiety. Randomized clinical trials are warranted.
Central Involvement in Pure Autonomic Failure: Insights from Neuromelanin‐Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 18F‐Fluorodopa‐Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Trujillo Paula , O'Rourke Kaitlyn R. , Roman Olivia C. , Song Alexander K. , Hett Kilian , Cooper Amy , Black Bonnie K. , Donahue Manus J. , Shibao Cyndya A. , Biaggioni Italo , Claassen Daniel O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCentral synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), involve alpha‐synuclein accumulation and dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC). Pure autonomic failure (PAF), a peripheral synucleinopathy, often precedes central synucleinopathies.ObjectivesTo assess early brain involvement in PAF using neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI) and fluorodopa‐positron emission tomography (FDOPA‐PET), and to determine whether PAF patients with a high likelihood ratio (LR) for conversion to a central synucleinopathy exhibit reduced NM‐MRI contrast in the LC and SN compared with controls and low‐LR patients.MethodsParticipants with PAF (n = 23) were categorized as high‐LR (n = 13) or low‐LR (n = 10) for conversion to central synucleinopathy. Additional participants included PD (n = 22), DLB (n = 8), and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (n = 23). NM‐MRI at 3 T was used to quantify contrast ratios in the LC and SN, while FDOPA‐PET measured presynaptic dopamine synthesis. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex, were used to compare NM‐MRI contrast across groups.ResultsHigh‐LR PAF patients showed reduced contrast in the LC and SN compared with controls and low‐LR PAF patients, with values similar to PD and DLB. The NM‐MRI contrast in the SN correlated with dopamine uptake in the striatum. Longitudinal imaging in PAF patients (n = 6) demonstrated reduced NM‐MRI and PET values in individuals who developed central synucleinopathies.ConclusionsNM‐MRI and FDOPA‐PET may serve as potential biomarkers for early brain involvement and predicting progression to central synucleinopathies in PAF and could help identify patients for early intervention. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Nonprofit Entry, Exit, and Implications for Sector Growth
Authors: Harrison Teresa D. , Oxley Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPatterns of nonprofit sector growth, organizational birth, and organizational dissolution continue to be at the forefront of the nonprofit management literature. We contribute to this line of research by examining entry, exit, and growth simultaneously, employing the longest panel of US nonprofits of which we are aware. We find estimates of entry ranging between four and 5%, while exit ranges between 1% and 2% per year. The combined rates result in positive sector growth every year, despite variations in regulatory and economic conditions. Our results indicate that lack of exit—not excess entry—is an important, and often overlooked, factor for continued growth of the nonprofit sector. Furthermore, we document the importance of including 990‐N filers and addressing missed filings, demonstrating the bias introduced in metrics of sector growth and exit if we do not account for these issues. We conclude by providing guidance on best practices for scholars and practitioners when measuring nonprofit entry, exit, density, and growth metrics, along with suggested reframing of the mindset around sector growth to consider a lack of exit driving growth rather than exclusively focusing on the creation of new nonprofits.
Impacts of Ethical Dilemmas and Moral Distress in Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurses
Authors: Madni Arshia , Levine Deena R. , Sawyer Kimberly E. , Azzi Yasmine , Mandrell Belinda N. , Li Yimei , Ashcraft Emily , Boggs Jacklyn , Acharya Rushil , Caples Mary , Gattuso Jami S. , Shoulders Laurie A. , Johnson Liza‐Marie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the level of moral distress (MD) and perceptions of ethical climate among pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) nurses and to identify bioethics topics where increased education was desired.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we administered the 26‐item Swedish Moral Distress Scale‐Revised (sMDS‐R), specifically revised and validated for pediatric oncology, in conjunction with the Clinical Ethics Needs Assessment Survey (CENAS). Electronic surveys were sent to inpatient and outpatient PHO nurses. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsOf 123 nurse respondents, the overall mean MDS‐R score was 2.75 (range: 0–16). Distressing encounters occurred infrequently (frequency mean 0.96, range: 0–4), resulting in relatively low distress (mean 2.24, range: 0–4). The scenarios resulting in the highest overall MD included performing painful procedures on children (2.46), lack of meaningful conversations due to time constraints (2.41), and poor team communication (2.68). Inpatient nurses reported higher levels of MD compared to outpatient nurses (p = 0.0002). The overall CENAS score was greater than 3 (range: 1–4), suggesting a positive ethical climate. There was a moderate negative relationship between sMDS‐R combined scores and CENAS scores (p < 0.0001). Inpatient nurses reported a less positive ethical climate compared to outpatient nurses (p = 0.01). Nurses expressed a need for additional ethics education around withholding/withdrawing of life‐sustaining treatments, providing end‐of‐life care, and working with challenging patients/families.ConclusionsAlthough the ethical climate was overall positive, several clinical situations appear to result in higher moral distress despite their infrequency, especially on inpatient units. Additional resources and education in navigating ethical dilemmas were requested by the nurses.
Holistic Analysis for Mismatch Losses in Photovoltaic Modules: Assessing the Impact of Inhomogeneity from Operational Conditions and Degradation Mechanisms on Power and Yield
Authors: Tummalieh Ammar , Mittag Max , Reichel Christian , Protti Alexander , Neuhaus Holger 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates mismatch losses in PV modules, analyzing the impact of operational conditions and degradation mechanisms on power generation across different module designs: full‐cell, half‐cell, string‐shingled, and matrix‐shingled. A bottom‐up multi‐physics model assesses inhomogeneities like partial shading, temperature inhomogeneity, soiling, encapsulation aging, and bypass diode failure. Module design related analysis reveals that parallel connections within modules minimize current mismatch losses, enhancing power under partial shading. Furthermore, modules exhibit a temperature profile with maximum temperatures at the center and minimum at the corners, impacting power differently based on the module's internal geometry, cell size, and electrical layout. Degradation analysis reveals significant power reduction due to soiling width and orientation, with encapsulation aging causing a 2% power loss after 3000 h. Findings indicate that partial shading and bypass diode failure can reduce full‐cell module power to zero under vertical shading; half‐cell and shingled modules retain varying power under horizontal and diagonal shading. Matrix‐shingled modules perform best under partial shading due to additional lateral current paths. Yield analysis shows a 1.7‐kWh annual yield increase for the matrix‐shingled module, attributed to changes in cell‐specific irradiance and temperature from its unique design, compared to a 0.5‐kWh increase for the full‐cell module. It was observed that shingled modules have a 1.6% higher specific yield under accumulating soiling along the long edge, which drops to 0.4% when considering module cleaning. For soiling along the short edge, results show that full‐cell modules exhibit the highest specific yield. Furthermore, findings indicate that portrait mounting reduces annual yield by about 5% for shingled modules, compared to 3% for full‐cell and half‐cell modules, with landscape mounting having a lower negative impact on yield. Overall, this research identifies the strengths and weaknesses of various PV module designs under different degradation and inhomogeneity scenarios, advancing the development of more efficient modules and enhancing accurate energy yield predictions, thus significantly contributing to the sustainability of solar energy.
Investigation of the thermal structure in the atmospheric boundary layer during evening transition and the impact of aerosols on radiative cooling
Authors: Singh Suryadev Pratap , Rafiuddin Mohammad , Banerjee Subham , Sreenivas K. R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe evening transition is crucial in various phenomena, including boundary‐layer stability, temperature inversion, radiation fog, vertical mixing, and pollution dispersion. We have explored this transition using data from 80 days of observations across two fog seasons at the Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru (KIAB). Through field experiments and simulations integrating aerosol interaction in a radiation–conduction model, we elucidate the impact of aerosols on longwave cooling of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Field observations indicate that, under calm and clear‐sky conditions, the evening transition typically results in a distinct vertical thermal structure called the lifted temperature minimum (LTM). We observe that the prevailing profile near the surface, post‐sunset is the LTM profile. Additionally, the occurrence of LTM is observed to increase with decreases in downward and upward longwave flux, soil sensible heat flux, wind speed, and turbulent kinetic energy measured at 2 m above ground level (AGL). In such scenarios, the intensity of LTM profiles is governed primarily by the aerosol‐induced longwave heating rate (LHR) within the surface layer. Furthermore, the presence of dense clouds leads to increased downward flux, causing the disappearance of LTM, whereas shallow fog can enhance LTM intensity, as observed in both field observations and simulations. Usually, prevailing radiation models underestimate aerosol‐induced LHR by an order of magnitude compared with actual field observations. We attribute this difference to aerosol‐induced radiation divergence. We show that the impact of aerosol‐induced LHR extends hundreds of meters into the inversion layer, affecting temperature profiles and potentially influencing processes such as fog formation. As the fog layer develops, LHR strengthens at its upper boundary. However, we highlight the difficulty in detecting this cooling using remote instruments such as microwave radiometers.
Multiple casualty poisoning event in dogs after exposure to synthetic drugs of abuse in a public park
Authors: Karadima Vasiliki , Sharpley Poppy , Brenn Andre , Ward Shannon , Bates Nicola 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPoisoning with drugs of abuse is rarely reported in dogs, but there is risk of severe toxicosis and death. We describe an event involving seven dogs exposed to synthetic drugs of abuse in a park. The dogs presented to two veterinary practices over a few hours after exposure to a white powder, either through ingestion and/or inhalation. The signs included ataxia, muscle twitching, hypothermia, coma and seizures. At the time, the police reported that the substance was a mix of synthetic opioids and the dogs were treated supportively with naloxone. Four dogs survived and three were euthanased. It was later confirmed that the powder contained benzyl‐methylpiperazine, a stimulant, and 1‐(cyclohexylmethyl)‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylic acid 8‐quinolinyl ester (BB‐22; Quchic), a synthetic cannabinoid. No biological samples were available for analysis. Multiple casualty events in dogs are rare but may act as public health sentinels. In this incident, signs were rapid in onset and the information available was limited and misleading.
Dioctophyme renale (giant kidney worm) in a dog: A review of a parasitic disease requiring surgical treatment
Authors: Zadeh Abedin Shaban , Carr Anthony P. , Jenkins Emily J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInfection with the nematode Dioctophyme renale (giant kidney worm) in dogs and other mammals occurs following the ingestion of an aquatic host containing the infective larvae. This parasitic disease has no known effective pharmaceutical treatment. This case report describes a 7‐month‐old, entire, female Husky with a 2‐month history of haematuria and intermittent vomiting. An abdominal ultrasound examination and microscopic finding of eggs of D. renale in urine sediment helped to establish the diagnosis. The affected right kidney and retroperitoneal worms were removed by exploratory celiotomy. The sonographic features of the worms and a comprehensive review of the latest literature, suggesting future research topics on early serological diagnosis, medical treatment options and the most recent nephron‐sparing nephrotomy techniques (via nephroscopy or laparoscopy), are discussed.
Loss of O6‐Methylguanine‐DNA Methyltransferase Protein Expression by Immunohistochemistry Is Associated With Response to Capecitabine and Temozolomide in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Evans Mark G. , Xiu Joanne , Darabi Sourat , Crymes Anthony , Bedeir Adam , Bryant David A. , Oberley Matthew J. , Demeure Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA recent prospective phase II study (ECOG‐ACRIN E2211) demonstrated that MGMT deficiency was associated with a significant response to capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs); however, routine MGMT analysis in NENs was not recommended. Our study sought to demonstrate whether loss of MGMT protein expression is associated with improved overall survival (OS) in patients receiving CAPTEM for NENs from various tumor sites.Materials and MethodsParaffin‐embedded tumor samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an MGMT monoclonal antibody. Intact MGMT protein expression (i.e., IHC positivity) was defined as any staining intensity (> 1+) in ≥ 36% of neoplastic cells according to an internal validation study. IHC and pyrosequencing for MGMT promotor methylation was performed in an independent cohort of 58 NENs. Real‐world OS was extrapolated from insurance claims data with Kaplan–Meier estimates from the date of first CAPTEM administration to the last date of contact.ResultsThe study cohort included 80 patients (42 men and 38 women) with a median age of 57 years (range: 19–89). They had various NENs (33 pancreatic, 17 intestinal, 7 pulmonary, 8 other, and 15 of unknown origin) treated with CAPTEM. The median OS for the 48 patients with MGMT negative tumors was 31 months compared to 17.5 months for the 32 patients whose tumors were MGMT positive by IHC (HR: 1.75 [95% CI: 1.066–2.87] and p = 0.025). IHC results from the independent cohort of 58 NENs showed only 57% concordance with pyrosequencing results.ConclusionsMGMT promotor status by IHC may be a clinically useful indicator that predicts improved OS for NENs treated with CAPTEM, but IHC does not reliably correlate with the findings of MGMT promoter methylation by pyrosequencing.