bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can tuberculosis services better support patients with a diabetes co-morbidity? A qualitative study in the Philippines
Authors: Hashiguchi Lauren Oliveira , Cox Sharon E , Edwards Tansy , Castro Mary Christine , Khan Mishal , Liverani Marco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an estimated two- to three times greater risk of adverse tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes compared to those without DM. Blood glucose control is a primary aim of managing DM during TB treatment, yet TB programmes are not generally adapted to provide DM services. The purpose of this study was to understand perceptions and the lived experiences of diabetic patients in TB treatment in the Philippines, with a view to informing the development of disease co-management strategies.
Methods
This qualitative study was conducted within a prospective cohort of adults newly-starting treatment for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB at 13 public TB clinics in three regions of the Philippines. Within the subset of 189 diabetic persons who either self-reported a prior DM diagnosis, or were diagnosed by screenings conducted through the TB clinic, a purposively-selected sample of 31 people participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected within glycaemic outcomes determined by the degree of glycaemic control (controlled or uncontrolled), ascertained using repeated blood glucose measurements collected in TB treatment. All audio-recorded data was transcribed and thematic analysis performed.
Results
In both glycaemic control types, participants were generally knowledgeable about diabetes and its management. However, a minority of participants were aware of the impact of DM on TB treatment and outcomes. Many participants newly-diagnosed with DM at enrolment in TB treatment had not perceived any diabetic symptoms prior and would have likely not sought clinical consult otherwise. Access to free glucose-lowering medications through TB clinics was a key enabling resource. However, participants expressed fear of side effects and interrupted access to glucose-lowering medications, and a preference for phytotherapy. Many participants felt that the physical and financial impact of TB and its treatment were challenges to DM management.
Conclusions and recommendations
Results of this study indicate that public TB clinics can provide diabetic patients with additional health care resources and education to address co-morbidity. TB programmes might consider identifying patients with complicated DM, and offering diabetic monitoring and management, as DM and diabetic complications may compound the burden of TB and its treatment.
Efficacy of Nafamostat Mesylate in the Prevention of Pancreatitis after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Narumi Kazuaki , Okada Tomoki , Lin Yingsong , Kikuchi Shogo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of nafamostat on the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).
Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Ichushi Web were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using nafamostat to prevent PEP. In subgroup analyses, we studied the preventive effects of nafamostat according to the severity of PEP, risk category, and dose. A random-effects model was adopted; heterogeneity between studies was examined using the chi-squared test and I2 statistics.
Results: 9 RCTs involving 3321 patients were included. The risk of PEP was lower in the nafamostat group than in the control group (4.4% vs. 8.3%, risk ratio [RR]: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.36–0.68). In subgroup analyses, the protective effects were evident in low-risk patients for PEP before ERCP (RR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.55). The association between PEP and nafamostat was significant only in patients who developed mild PEP (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.36–0.69). The benefits were independent of the dose.
Conclusions: The prophylactic use of nafamostat resulted in a lower risk of PEP. The subgroup analyses suggested uncertain benefits for severe PEP or high-risk patients for PEP. This warrants further investigation through additional RCTs.
Metabolome panels as potential noninvasive biomarkers for Primary Glomerulonephritis Sub-types: Meta-analysis of Profiling Metabolomics Studies
Authors: Roointan Amir , Ghaeidamini Maryam , Shafieizadegan Saba , Hudkins Kelly L. , Gholaminejad Alieh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims
Primary glomerulonephritis diseases (PGDs) are known as the top causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Renal biopsy, as an invasive method, is the main PGDs diagnosis approach. Studying the metabolome profiles of kidney diseases is an inclusive approach to identify the disease's underlying pathways and discover novel non-invasive biomarkers. So far, different experiments have explored the metabolome profiles in different PGDs, but the inconsistencies might hinder their clinical translations. The main goal of this meta-analysis study was to achieve consistent panels of dysregulated metabolites in PGD sub-types.
Methods
The PGDs-related metabolome profiles from urine, blood, and tissue samples were searched. Amanida package in R software was utilized for performing the meta-analysis. Through different sub-type analyses, the consensus list of metabolites in each category was obtained. To identify the most affected pathways, functional enrichment analysis was performed. Also, a gene-metabolite network was constructed to identify the key metabolites and their connected proteins.
Results
After a vigorous search, among the 25 selected studies (29 metabolite profiles), 832 dysregulated metabolites were recognized in 1519 PGN and control samples. Through different subtype analyses by Amanida package, the consensus list of metabolites in each category was obtained. Due to the importance of urinary metabolites, top dysregulated metabolites (vote score of ≥4 or ≤-4) were selected as main panel of meta-metabolites including glucose, leucine, choline, betaine, dimethylamine, fumaric acid, citric acid, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, pyruvic acid, isobutyric acid, and hippuric acid. The enrichment analyses results revealed the involvement of different biological pathways such as the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolisms in the pathogenesis of PGDs. The constructed metabolite-gene interaction network revealed the high centralities of several metabolites, including pyruvic acid, leucine, and choline.
Conclusion
The identified metabolite panels could shed a light on the underlying pathological pathways and be considered as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of PGD sub-types.
Changes in root endogenous hormone levels and rhizosphere fungi diversity in alfalfa under drought stress
Authors: Wang Kun , Nan Lili , Guo Quanen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To explain the relationship between rhizosphere fungal diversity and community composition of alfalfa under drought stress and endogenous hormones in alfalfa, we used sand culture to investigate the performance of Medicago sativa ‘Qingshui’ (or QS), M. sativa ‘Longdong’ (or LD), and M. varia ‘Gongnong No. 4’ (or GN) with contrasting different degrees of drought tolerance. After 7 days of drought stress treatment, we found Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal groups in all treatments. Drought affected the alpha diversity, Chao1, Pielou-e, Shannon, and Simpson indices in LD were the highest under severe stress, Chao1 index in QS and in GN was highest under moderate stress, whereas Pielou-e, Shannon, and Simpson indices were the highest under their respective controls. With increasing drought stress, gibberellin (GA3) and zeatin (ZA) contents and GA3/abscisic acid (ABA) increased first and then decreased in the roots and were the highest under moderate stress, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), IAA/ABA, and (IAA + GA3 + ZA)/ABA were decreased and were the lowest under severe stress, while ABA content was increased in the roots and was the highest under severe stress. The results suggested that GA3 (12.8%) and GA3/ABA (12.7%) were important driving factors for fungal composition.
Challenging Pedagogical Styles of Teaching: Amalgamating Blended Learning with Near-peer Teaching for Integrated Structured Clinical Examination (ISCE) Preparation
Authors: Sriniva Sripradha , Baskaran Ravanth , Mukhopadhyay Srinjay , Gamage Movin Peramuna , Ng Vincent , Dalavaye Nishaanth , de Almeida Andreia , Hassoulas Athanasios 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Near-peer blended learning is a method of combining online virtual teaching with traditional face-to-face lectures delivered by senior students. In this study, we wanted to evaluate the student perceptions of this novel method of education and characterise its overall effectiveness.
Methods
A hybrid Integrated Science and Clinical Examination (ISCE) revision session was hosted simultaneously in-person and online. The session was delivered by fourth-year medical students to over 100 second-year medical students. A survey was sent to students prior to the session to deduce the topics they required most help in. Feedback forms evaluated students’ confidence, satisfaction with the format of the session, and overall student engagement using blended learning with free text responses which recorded individual opinions of students. Tutor perceptions were also obtained using feedback forms that assessed knowledge, confidence, whether they would attend, and teach a hybrid event in the future and their personal preferences on teaching styles.
Results
The results showed that students had a much better understanding of the content after the session and the format was deemed well-suited for delivering ISCE teaching (p = 0.001). Thematic analysis revealed students preferred a hybrid approach for ISCE teaching considering it catered to a wider audience. Live demonstrations that are not well executed in virtual formats are compensated for with in-person teaching. 96% of participants expressed that the material was aimed at their level due to relatability achieved through near-peer teaching. Three of the four tutors preferred a hybrid method of teaching while one preferred a sole online model. An overall increase in tutors’ knowledge and confidence was seen after the session.
Conclusion
Overall positive feedback provides evidence that blended learning using near-peer teaching should be utilised by educational institutions with the potential of revolutionising the delivery of medical education in this post-pandemic.
Astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle plays a pivotal role in sensory-based neuroprotection in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Bhatti Mehwish , Frostig Ron D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated protection from impending cortical stroke is achievable by sensory stimulation of the ischemic area in an adult rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo). We have further demonstrated that a major underpinning mechanism that is necessary for such protection is the system of collaterals among cerebral arteries that results in reperfusion of the MCA ischemic territory. However, since such collateral flow is weak, it may be necessary but not sufficient for protection and therefore we were seeking other complementary mechanisms that contribute to sensory-based protection. We hypothesized that astrocytes-to-neuron shuttle (ANLS) is another potential underpinning mechanism that could complement collateral flow in the protection process. Supporting our hypothesis, using functional imaging, pharmacological treatments, and postmortem histology, we show that ANLS has a pivotal role in sensory-based protection of cortex and therefor serves as the other supporting mechanism underpinning the protection process.
Aesthetics Assessment of Automobile Headlights Based on Image Aesthetic Network
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Liu Zhenming , Pan Houyu , Wang Xinyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Automatically learned aesthetic assessment for images can provide auxiliary value for the fields of art and design. In this study, we explore the aesthetics assessment methods on the visual esthetics of automobile headlamp images, and compare the feasibility of the calculation method of artificial aesthetic degree evaluation. We take the Image Aesthetics Assessment Network using Graph Attention (AAGN) for the automobile headlamps dataset calibration. To enable testing the effectiveness of AAGN, we apply the method of artificial aesthetics degree calculation and entropy weight, as well as assessment methods based on deep Convolutional Neural Network. The results show that the feasibility of the image aesthetic assessment method based on graph attention network is more suitable for users’ subjective aesthetic needs than artificial aesthetics degree calculation.
Acute ischemic stroke leading to a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome: Case report and systematic review
Authors: Chen Licong , Zhang Quanquan , Geng Qian , Zhao Hongru , Jiang Jianhua , Wang Dapeng , Liu Yuan , Fang Qi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Neurologic deficiency is a rare manifestation of dominantly inherited Marfan syndrome (MFS), which is caused by mutation of the gene encoding fibrillin 1 (FBN1) and characterized by cardiovascular and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Intravenous thrombolysis is the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) but its safety in individuals with MFS is unknown. Here we report 3 cases of MFS presenting with AIS. Two of the cases were managed with intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the stroke and the treatment of the 3 patients differed, all eventually had near-complete recovery and have favorable long-term prognosis.
Is there a relationship between the density of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)? Spatial analysis of moth-aphid abundance across cotton fields located southeast of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Jokar Mahmoud , Sheikholeslami Nooshin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and cotton aphid (CA), Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are two cotton pests that are commonly found throughout the world. A weekly sampling program was established to determine the spatial distribution of A. gossypii and H. armigera in cotton fields. Spatial associations with each other and/or with climatic factors including the aerosol index of Sentinel-5, evapotranspiration of MODIS, and precipitation were determined. Sampling was performed simultaneously in all 63 grid-fields at weekly intervals. Pest density maps and analyses of pest density associations were produced with Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE). Lloyd's Mean crowding, Morisita's coefficient of dispersion, and Fisher's indexes of aggregation showed significant aggregation patterns for both pests. Using the SADIE method, 𝐼𝑎 ≥1 for both pests were significantly (P < 0.01) aggregated over the sampling period. The association matrix showed a significant correlation for both pests in terms of aerosol index (-), precipitation (+), and evapotranspiration (+) but not for moth density-rainfall. Therefore, providing honeydew by Aphid cotton, aided 1st and 2nd generation of cotton bollworms to regulate their population. The positive and negative associations between aphid density and dust index variables may potentially act as an alarm for monitoring the cotton bollworm moth, particularly in cotton fields southeast of the Caspian Sea.
Visualized enzyme-activated fluorescence probe for accurately detect β-Gal in living cells and BALB/c nude mice
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Chang Le , Ge Jianxin , Wang Ping , Yin Rui , Liu Guanqi , Wang Guopin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A new-type of detection method based on fluorescence probe (CS-βGal) was constructed for efficient and selective mensuration of β-galactosidase (β-Gal). The test method possessed a series of excellent performance, such as a significant fluorescence enhancement (about 11.3-fold), high selectivity as well as superior sensitivity. Furthermore, under the optimal conditions, a relatively low limit of detection down to 0.024 U/mL was achieved for fluorescence titration experiment. It was thanks to the better biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, CS-βGal had been triumphantly employed to recognize internal and exterior β-Gal concentration varieties in living cells with significant anti-interference performance. Furthermore, the application of CS-βGal in living system was also achieved successfully for monitoring endogenous β-Gal enzyme activity.
Effect of colloid surface charge on the phase diagram of colloïdal suspensions for different thermodynamic conditions
Authors: Smain F. , Ould-Kaddour F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper is an extensive calculation to understand, the effect of the surface charge of colloids on the phase diagram of colloidal suspensions, under different conditions of colloid packing fraction, screening parameter of a salt reservoir, and zeta potential, using the Poisson-Boltzmann theory. Two models, Constant Surface Potential (CSP) and Charge Regulation (CR) are used to calculate the surface charge of colloids. Our findings suggest that both models give a closed description of the colloid's charge behavior, except in dense systems where the CR model predicted a slightly higher surface charge compared to the CSP model. Additionally, for fixed screening parameter (salt concentration), the colloid surface charge exhibits a density-dependent reduction when increasing the packing fraction. This density-dependence appears earlier for low screening parameter. A phase diagram is constructed using a mapping of colloidal suspension to a corresponding point Yukawa potential. It seems that, depending on the zeta potential values, electrostatic repulsion causes crystallization structures in a limited range of intermediate values of the screening salt reservoir. Increasing zeta potential lead to moving the crystal structures to a low packing fraction, which expands the stable FCC solid region. The study observes re-entrant fluid states related to the reduction in colloid surface charge when the salt reservoir screening parameter is decreased and colloidal density is increased.
Post Weld Heat Treatment Effects on Microstructure, Crystal Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Donor Stir Assisted Friction Stir Welding Material of AA6061-T6 Alloy
Authors: Al-Allaq Aiman H. , Ojha Manish , Mohammed Yousuf S. , Bhukya Srinivasa N. , Wu Zhenhua , Elmustafa Abdelmageed A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Post weld heat treated AA6061-T6 alloy resulted from the application of a Cu donor stir assisted (CDSA) friction stir welding (FSW) material was examined for crystal structure and mechanical properties. CDSA FSW samples were tested at a constant tool rotational speed of 1400 rpm and a welding translational speed of 1 mm/s. CDSA samples of 20% and 60% thickness of the AA6061-T6 base alloy were selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. The FSW AA6061-T6 samples were solid solution treated at 540 °C for one hour, followed by quenching in water at room temperature. The samples were then artificially aged at 180 °C for 6 hours, respectively, followed by air cooling. The samples were tested for microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. The microstructure shows the additional grain refinement in the stir zone (SZ) due to recovery and recrystallization with increasing aging time. Examination of the chemical contents of the FSW AA6061-T6 alloy samples using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed Al (parent material) as the predominant element, while Cu (CDSA) was minimally present as expected. XRD results of the CDSA FSW samples depicted crystal orientations similar to the orientations of the AA6061-T6 alloy. Nanoindentation tests revealed softening effects due to the dissolution of hardening precipitates at the SZ. The hardness of the base metal (BM), left and right regions, is reported as ~ 6.5 GPa, whereas at the SZ, the hardness is ~ 5.5 GPa at a depth of indentation of 4.7 µm.
Air-Quality Prediction Based on the ARIMA-CNN- LSTM Combination Model optimized by Dung Beetle Optimizer
Authors: Duan Jiahui , Gong Yaping , Luo Jun , Zhao Zhiyao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The air pollution problem seriously affects economic development and people's health, and an efficient and accurate forecasting model of air quality will help manage air pollution problems. The comparison models chosen by other scholars are often based on derivative models of the proposed model and do not comprehensively compare other types of models with limited accuracy. In this paper, we establishes a combined ARIMA-CNN-LSTM model to predict the air quality index accurately. The model mainly consists of two parts: Using the ARIMA model to fit the linear part of the data and using the CNN-LSTM model to fit the nonlinear part of the data to avoid the problem of blindness in the CNN-LSTM hyperparameter setting. To avoid the dilemma of blindness in a CNN-LSTM hyperparameter setting, this article uses the Dung Beetle Optimizer tool to find the hyperparameters of a CNN-LSTM model, determine the best hyperparameters, and check the accuracy of the model. The proposed model is compared with other widely used models. The results show that the Dung Beetle Optimizer can effectively search for the optimal hyperparameters of the model and can solve the problem of blindness in setting the hyperparameters of the model. And the optimized ARIMA-DBO-CNN-LSTM model has higher predictive accuracy with stronger adaptability in predicting the three cities.
The Influence of Hydrothermal Fatigue on the Clinically Relevant Functional Properties of Conventional Glass-ionomer Cements
Authors: Łępicka Magdalena , Niewczas Agata Maria , Rodziewicz Magdalena , Pikuła Konrad , Kordos Paweł , Gredes Tomasz , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During their everyday service, the restorative dental materials are subjected to temperature changes which can be viewed as intensive in the context of the highest allowed temperatures for these materials. In this work, the effect of hydrothermal fatigue on the in vitro tribological performance, compression strength, microhardness, and surface roughness of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) was studied. Samples of 3 commercially available cements were divided into the reference (aged 14 days) and thermocycled (20 000 cycles; 5–55°C) groups. The results obtained show that functional properties of the specimens subjected to thermal fatigue significantly differ from the literature data on the cements aged at constant temperatures. The effect of hydrothermal fatigue on the functional properties of cements is discussed in the context of processes induced by exposure to variable temperatures.