bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing knowledge and opinions of medical and dental students in the field of pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Rahnama Sara , Alesaeidi Sogol , Mousavi Elnaz , Bagherboum Nazila , GHolami Mahnaz , Fotovat Farnoush 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose:
Dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) is one of the common treatment methods today for dental treatment in children, so dentists’ point of view in this field is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was evaluation the awareness and attitude of pediatric dentists and final-year dental students about dental treatment for children under GA.

Methods:
To conduct this study, 150 people, including 75 general dentists (GD) and 75 final-year dental students (FYDS), were randomly selected in Tehran. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 15 questions (7 awareness questions and 8 attitude questions) was used to evaluate the awareness and attitude of the participants. After extracting the raw results, statistical analysis of the results was done using SPSS-Ver. 22 software.

Results:
60% of the participants (90 people) were men and the remaining 40% (60 people) were women. The results showed that the level of awareness of male dentists was significantly higher than that of female dentists (P = 0.015). In addition, although the awareness level of FYDS was lower than GD, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.130). The average level of awareness among different age groups had a significant difference (P = 0.009), so the age group of 36-45 years compared to the younger age groups (25-35 years) and the older age groups (36-45 and 55 -46 years), had a higher level of awareness.

Conclusion:
According to the findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to use appropriate educational methods to improve the level of awareness and attitude of children’s dentists.
Correlation between screen time and psychosomatic symptoms in children during COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown
Authors: Pasi Rachna , Babu Thirunavukkarasu A. , Jamir Limalemla , Ravi Kumar S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study was planned to estimate the effect of lockdown on psychosomatic problems and sleep of children and their association with screen the time during the lockdown.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1–12-year-old children at a tertiary care hospital in South India. A pre-validated questionnaire with 20 related questions was disseminated through pediatric OPD, telemedicine service, and social media to eligible parents.

Results:
A total of 278 children aged 1–12 years with a mean (SD) age of 6.92 (3.01) years were studied. Most under 5-year-oldchildren had screen time of ≤2 hours/day, whereas 58.16% of children between 5 and 12 years spent >4 hours/day (P < 0.000). A significant proportion of participants aged 5–12 years had vision problems (P = 0.019), whereas under 5-year-old children had significant associated behavioral changes (P = 0.016) and sleep problems (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:
Behavioral and sleep problems were significantly high and correlated with an increase in screen time among under 5-year-old children. Vision problems were more in 5–12-year-old children.
Attitude towards patients with psychiatric illness among undergraduate medical students at Government Medical College: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Patel Amar Deep , Pal Alok , Rahat Faraz , Yadav Richa , Tiwari Paritosh , Alam Zaryab 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
People with mental illnesses commonly experience stigma, discrimination, and prejudice from the general public and medical professionals around the world. Numerous research has looked into the unfavourable perceptions that medical students have of those who suffer from mental illness.

Objective:
The objective was to study the attitude of undergraduate medical students towards patients with psychiatric illnesses.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among undergraduate medical students who were exposed (n = 69) to 2-week psychiatry posting and attended lectures and those who were not exposed (n = 163) to psychiatry training using self-reported Attitude Scale for Mental Illness (ASMI) questionnaire via Google form distributed among medical students.

Results:
The findings indicate there is no change in attitude toward the patient with psychiatric illness after exposure to psychiatry training among medical students. However, urban residence and female gender were the factors found to be influencing students’ attitudes towards patients with psychiatric illnesses.

Conclusions:
There was no change in attitude towards patients with psychiatric illness after psychiatry exposure. Students belonging to urban domicile and female students showed more sympathetic attitudes toward those with mental illnesses.
Study of thyroid disorders in vitiligo
Authors: Khiangte Lalchamliani , Lalrindik C. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Vitiligo, an acquired sometimes familial depigmentary disorder of the skin and hair that results from selective destruction of melanocytes or pigment cells. It is the single most important non-neo plastic disease that involves both the immune system and melanocytes which are subsequently destroyed and the affected area turns pale and becomes white. The prevalence of the disease is between 1% and 2% in general population.

Methods:
It is a prospective, randomized, and controlled study. Over 90 vitiligo patients attending Dermatology OPD and vitiligo clinic are enrolled in the study. About 35 apparently healthy, age and sex matched individuals are selected to serve as control. A prescribed proforma containing all the demographic data, relevant questionnaire were recorded for each and every case with brief clinical history suggestive of any thyroid disease as well as those referred by the clinicians. P value <0.05 is considered significant. The Quantitative Determination of Thyroglobulin (Tg) Autoantibodies in Human Serum or Plasma by a Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay.

Results:
Vitiligo group, thirty four (37.78%) patients have clinical hypothyroidism while 9 (10%) patients have clinical hyperthyroidism. This difference in the distribution is statistically significant (P < 0.05) with a Chi-square value of 10.08. The data are entered, analyzed and computed with SPSS version 15 software and well-known statistical test like Chi-square, students’ ‘t’ test have been advocated wherever found applicable. P value <0.05 is considered significant.

Conclusion:
There is increased incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases among vitiligo patients. The reason being vitiligo usually precedes the onset of thyroid dysfunction.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Chronic Kidney Disease in at-Risk Individuals
Authors: Sharma Gaurav Shekhar , Lata Hem , Kumari Ranjeeta , Pai Venkatesh S , Kandari Sharon , Huda Farhanul , Walia Prateek , Kant Ravi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, with a worldwide prevalence of around 9.1 per cent (as of 2017). In India, its prevalence was found to be around 17.2%. There are several risk factors of CKD, out of which the presence of underlying longstanding uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are common. Certain previous studies have tried to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of such a ‘high risk’ group for developing CKD but there is a paucity of literature on it. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess these domains in individuals at risk for developing CKD.

Patients and Methods:
It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted from October 2020 to December 2021 at a tertiary care teaching and referral hospital in India. A total of 215 patients who were at risk of developing CKD, were enrolled and were given a CKD Screening Index questionnaire to fill and scoring was done for all three components-knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Results:
The mean age was found to be 49.21 ± 13.49 years with a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. Nearly three-a fourth of the patients were having DM while one-fourth of the participants had a previous history of hypertension. The mean scores on the knowledge, attitude and practices scales were found to be 11.80 ± 5.31, 50.18 ± 8.23 and 30.83 ± 7.53 respectively. The study results revealed that the majority of patients had ‘low’ levels of knowledge scores but ‘average’ levels of attitude and practice scores. A significant correlation was found amongst knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.226, P = 0.001), knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.153, P = 0.025) and practice and attitude scores (r = 0.295, P = 0.000) of our patients.

Conclusion:
There is a need of improving awareness at least amongst the population at risk of getting CKD. Improving knowledge would help in inculcating positive attitudes and healthier practices amongst these, thus delaying the onset of this disease.
COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM)
Authors: Vijapur Manjunath M. , Kattimani Vasanth , Varsha VK , Girish HC , Kamat Mamata , Ram Bhargav 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Opportunistic fungal infections like Mucormycosis in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have posed a great challenge to health care professionals, especially in developing countries like India. Hence, there is a need to understand the biological behaviour of COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM) to establish standard treatment Protocols and to reduce mortality.

Aims:
This study aims is to assess the type of Mucormycosis among COVID-19 patients in study population and compare the findings with clinical, radiological and haematological parameters along with treatment and surgical management.

Methods and Material:
This retrospective, observational study included 60 cases of CAM reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the tertiary care centre, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli. Data about various parameters were tabulated and analysed statistically.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Bivariate analysis was done using the Chi-Square test to assess the relationship between the type of Mucormycosis and other variables. Spearman's Correlation test was used to assess the correlation between types of Mucormycosis with the other variables. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the response variable related to the type of Mucormycosis.

Results:
About 50% of subjects presented with “Rhino orbital” type of Mucormycosis. Palatal discoloration and palatal erosion was the most common oral manifestation among “only Sinus” and “Rhino orbital” types of Mucormycosis (P = 0.00). Significant association (P = 0.29) was found between the type of Diabetes mellitus and Mucormycosis.

Conclusions:
The study indicates that DM is the most commonly associated comorbidity in CAM patients. Hence, a thorough understanding of the underlying comorbidity and its close monitoring during and after COVID-19 infection is mandatory for successful treatment outcomes.
A study on genetic and mutans streptococcal transmissibility of dental caries
Authors: Chatterjee Shailja , Damle Satyawan G. , Iyer Nageshwar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Dental caries is characterized by an interplay between environmental and genetic factors.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to analyse the transmissibilities of high caries risk chromosomal loci at 5q 12.1-13.3 and low caries risk chromosomal loci at 13q31.1 and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in family units.

Materials:
This prospective cohort study was performed on 56 families grouped into four: (a) Group I: 18 families of children with caries affected primary teeth; (b) Group II: 21 families of children with caries in permanent teeth; (c) Group III: 6 families of children with no caries in primary teeth and (d) Group IV: 12 families of children with no caries in permanent teeth. Blood, saliva and plaque samples were collected from consenting study participants. Isolated DNAs were subjected to polymerase chain reactions using suitable primers. Data collected was analysed with ANOVA and Chi-squared test.

Results:
Wide expression of chromosome loci 5q12.1-13.3 was obtained in both blood and saliva samples. For chromosome loci 13q31.1, no expression was found in saliva samples, hence indicating its local absence. For the GtfB expression, transmissibility was common for a single band expressing S. mutans.

Conclusion:
This study reflects upon newer findings in the field of genetic research on dental caries.
Comparison of Demirjian and Cameriere methods and development of modified Cameriere and Demirjian formula more efficient for North Indian population
Authors: Gupta Shalini , Verma Anoop Kumar , Patil Ranjit , Singh Uma S. , Kumar Navneet , Bhattacharya Sandeep 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Accurate age estimation is of utmost importance in several branches of life, be it disaster victim identification (DVI), sports, fashion, education, and many more. Several studies/formulas have been proposed over the years from various parts of the world and amongst them, Cameriere's method of age estimation is now being accepted globally, and the related work is still one of the most thought about.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to access the relationship between dental age (DA) and chronological age using Cameriere and Demirjian age estimation method in the north Indian population and develop a population-specific regression formula and validate it in the north Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
Orthopantomograms (OPG) of 762 children of north India with age groups between 7 and 16 years were collected. Seven left permanent mandibular teeth were analyzed using both Cameriere and Demirjian's age estimation method. The resultant data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean differences between CAge and DAge with age were 1.21 (males), 0.14 (males) and 1.72 (females), 0.28 (females) respectively, which shows significant disparity, wherein Demirjian follows overestimation and Cameriere follows the underestimation trend. Therefore, we modified these methods using the linear regression model.

Conclusion:
The modified Demirjian and Cameriere formula after validation shows a better fit in the north Indian state of the Uttar Pradesh population.
The association of fingerprint patterns with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer
Authors: Dodia Vaishali S , Odedra Sima P , Shah Khushali Himanshu , Monpara Pooja C , Vyas Priya M , Pillai Jayasankar P 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Dermatoglyphics play an important role in the identification of a person as well as identifying a person with a genetic abnormality. Hence, the present study was conducted with an aim to explore the association between the fingerprint patterns and oral potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), individuals with habit and without lesion and the control group.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study comprising of 100 individuals divided into 5 groups with 20 individuals in each group based on their habit and the presence of oral lesions. Group 1 included individuals with oral leukoplakia (OL), Group 2 included individuals with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), Group 3 included individuals who had OSCC, Group 4 individuals had tobacco habits but without lesion and Group 5 comprised of control individuals. The fingerprints of all the study subjects were recorded using a standard ink method. They were analyzed qualitatively and quantitively.

Results:
The present study showed a predominance of that loop patterns in all the groups. The frequency of the whorled pattern was higher in subjects with OSMF as compared to OL and OSCC. The arch pattern was comparatively lesser in subjects with OL than OSMF subjects. The right-left comparison of the fingerprint patterns in all the five groups, except Group 4, showed a significant association and correlation. The Group 4 individuals were showing the least correlation between sides.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that dermatoglyphics can be used as a potential marker to identify the subjects with risk for potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancers.
Utility of serum homocysteine in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients as a potential biomarker
Authors: Palaskar Sangeeta , Joshi Kalpana , Mukkanwar Rutuja , Pawar Rasika , Kulkarni Gayatri , Pawar Saurabhachandra 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In India, Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers. Despite advances in treatments, prognosis for oral cancer has remained poor with a five-year survival rate of 40–50%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective diagnostic methods for early diagnosis and better prognosis. Homocysteine (Hcy) has been reported as a 'tumour marker' in various cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer.

Aim:
To study the levels of serum Hcy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.

Objectives:
To assess the clinical utility of serum Hcy as a potential tumour marker for OSCC cases.

Methodology:
Serum Hcy levels were studied and compared between patients with OSCC and healthy individuals.

Results:
Serum Hcy levels were higher in patients having OSCC.

Conclusion:
Serum Hcy levels could be utilized as a biological marker in the diagnosis and the prognosis of OSCC patients.
Assessment of sexual dimorphism in Maharashtrian young adults using maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths
Authors: Wankhede Mukesh P. , Tamgdge Avinash , Anjali A. K. , Vidhale Rutuja G. , Pereira Treville , Lalai Megha N. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Sexual dimorphism practically involves differences in size and appearance of the same species which does not involve the difference in sexual organs. A significant variation also occurs with the tooth size, shape, etc., which plays a critical role in sex determination. Forensic investigations are used in defining the number of missing people whose skeletal remains are unknown. Depending on the available bones and their state, a variety of methods with varying degrees of reliability are available for identifying unknown remains.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty male and 50 female patients in the age group 20–30 years were randomly selected after taking a detailed history. All maxillary impressions were made with alginate and poured into a dental stone. These casts were measured for intercanine width, interpremolar width, and intermolar width using a digital vernier caliper, and findings were correlated with sexual dimorphism.

Results:
Intercanine width between the tips of right and left maxillary canine was measured in males and females at 36.08 ± 2.04 mm (Range: 30.05–41.64 mm) and in females, the mean intercanine width was 34.31 ± 1.75 mm (Range: 28.35–39.01 mm), respectively. Interpremolar width between the distal pits of right and left first premolars was measured in males and females at 38.97 ± 2.10 mm (Range: 33.94–45.21 mm) and in females, the mean interpremolar width was 36.92 ± 1.87 mm (Range: 31.34 mm), respectively. Intermolar width between the central fossae of right and left first molars was measured in males and females at 50.43 ± 2.25 mm (Range: 44.16–56.84 mm) and in females, the mean intermolar width was 47.90 ± 2.06 mm (Range: 42.66–54.63 mm), respectively.

Conclusion:
In males, the mean value of the combination of intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths was 125.47 ± 5.61 mm (Range: 108.15–141.86 mm) and in females, it was 119.12 ± 5.05 mm (Range: 103.25–134.36 mm). Mean values of all combinations were larger in males than in females. Thereby, maxillary arch widths contribute to accuracy in determining the gender of the individual.
Exploring a safer alternative to eosin in soft tissue staining
Authors: Sarode Surabhi A. , Pradeep GL , Prakash Nilima , Mahajan Aarti , Mangle Nikita 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) stain has stood the test of time as the standard stain for histologic examination of human tissues. Haematoxylin is a natural dye, on the contrary, its counterstain eosin is a synthetic dye which belongs to the xanthene group. Synthetic dyes are hazardous to human and animal health. With the increasing awareness of a green earth, it is advisable to use environment-friendly and biodegradable materials. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop as biofriendly substitute in the form of food colour as a counterstain for haematoxylin.

Aim:
To assess the staining ability of food colouring agents in routine staining and to compare its staining efficacy with Eosin.

Settings and Design:
Two food colours were obtained and stain was prepared by using 70% ethyl alcohol as counterstain for haematoxylin. Different tissue structures such as epithelium, keratin, collagen fibers, muscles, salivary glands, adipocytes, blood vessels, RBCs were observed and evaluated.

Methods and Material:
Group A –10 slides stained with green food colour, Group B – 10 slides stained with

tomato red
food colour and Group C – 10 slides stained with conventional H and E. The stained sections were assessed and graded for nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, clarity, uniformity and crispness of staining.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed for statistical analysis.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the three study groups with respect to all the parameters except crispness of staining. The crispness of Tomato Red and H and E was better compared to green food colour.

Conclusions:
Food colouring agents can be used as a safe, biofriendly and inexpensive substitute to eosin in conventional soft tissue staining.
Correlation of serum trace elements (Fe, Cu, and Zn) in the blood samples of Indian patients with leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and normal subjects
Authors: Sourabh Abhishek , Shreedhar Balasundari , Khare Abhishek , Haideri Safia , Kalim Shadab , Srivastava Ankita 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Trace elements (iron, copper, and zinc), leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims:
To study and correlate serum trace element (iron, copper, and zinc) levels in leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and normal subjects.

Settings and Design:
The present study comprised a total of 80 patients, which included 30 patients of leukoplakia, 30 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the normal control group comprising 20 healthy individuals who were not having any relevant medical, dental, and habit history.

Subjects and Methods:
Peripheral blood samples of a volume of 10 ml each will be collected by anti-cubical vein puncture from control groups and from patients suffering from leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The blood will be collected in a plain red top vein puncture tube without additives or anti-coagulants and allowed to stand undisturbed to clot at room temperature, and serum will be separated from the cells by centrifugation at 4°C at a speed of 3000 rev/min, the separated sera will be kept at –20°C until analysis is performed.

Estimation of Serum Iron, Zinc, and Copper Levels:
The estimation of serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels is performed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In the present study, the estimation of copper and zinc levels was conducted by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model no: AA-6300 SHIMADZU, Japan). Serum iron estimation is performed using the kit RANDOX (siedel, 1984).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis is performed by the paired and Scheffe tests.

Results:
From the results, it was concluded that there was a decrease in serum iron and zinc levels and copper had increased serum levels.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that evaluation of serum trace elements can be a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of pre-malignant lesions such as leukoplakia and malignant lesions such as oral squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, these parameters can be used as biomarkers that provide important tools in formulating an adequate diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma.