bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Activation of 2-Arylquinazolinones and Cyclization with Elemental Sulfur via C–S/S–N Bond Formation to Access 7H-Benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[3,2-b]quinazolinones
Authors: Peng Yiyuan , Zhang Xinqin , Wu Qiong , Yang Qin , Fu Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of 7H-benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[3,2-b]quinazolin-7-ones by the reaction of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones and elemental sulfur is described. The rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation of 2-arylquinazolinones and cyclization with elemental sulfur via one-step formation of C–S/N–S bonds to give the corresponding 7H-benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[3,2-b]quinazolinones is realized in good to high yields with good functional group tolerance.
The effects of casino proximity and time on poverty levels in New York City
Authors: O’Gilvie Paulette J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effect of casino proximity and time on poverty levels in New York City examines levels of poverty over a 5-year duration for urban casino communities under the theoretical dimensions of exposure and adaption. Links between casino proximity and problem gambling or other gambling-related problems that could adversely impact individuals in disadvantaged communities were reported before the influx of urban casinos in major metro areas. This analysis uses Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) from the American Community Survey (ACS) estimates. A two-way factorial ANOVA measured poverty-level outcomes at high and low casino proximity in year 1 and year 5 after an urban casino had been opened. No significant interaction was found between casino proximity and year for poverty-level outcomes. The hypothesis that levels of poverty defined as PUMS score in urban casino communities and two levels of casino proximity in the New York metro area for the first and fifth year after the casino had been opened would not report statistically significant changes was supported. Higher poverty-level outcome scores were reported at closer distances measured as high casino proximity with approximately the same reported scores for year 1 and year 5, suggesting that closer distances to a casino despite the lifespan of the casino could influence poverty levels and other potential socio-economic factors. Contextualizing the findings in the exposure and adaptation theory frameworks suggests that exposure to a casino can have adverse consequences based on the increase in poverty-level outcome scores. Conversely, adaptation, which could occur over time, typically at the 5-year mark of operation, was not indicated due to the negligibility of poverty-level scores between year 1 and year 5; thus, refuting adaptation theory. This research expands the literature on urban casino proximity in the context of exposure and adaptation theory. Implication of these results provide the broader community of legislators, community workers, scholar-practitioners, preventionists, and industry with a better understanding of the phenomenon, and any potential adverse consequences to host and neighboring communities so that policy, intervention, prevention, and treatment can be implemented well before a casino opens.
Heterogeneous integration of a high-speed lithium niobate modulator on silicon nitride using micro-transfer printing
Authors: Vanackere T. , Vandekerckhove T. , Bogaert L. , Billet M. , Poelman S. , Cuyvers S. , Van Kerrebrouck J. , Moerman A. , Caytan O. , Singh N. , Lemey S. , Torfs G. , Ossieur P. , Roelkens G. , Clemmen S. , Kuyken B. 
Published: August 2023

Integrated photonic systems require fast modulators to keep up with demanding operation speeds and increasing data rates. The silicon nitride integrated photonic platform is of particular interest for applications such as datacom, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), quantum photonics, and computing owing to its low losses and CMOS compatibility. Yet, this platform inherently lacks high-speed modulators. Heterogeneous integration of lithium niobate on silicon nitride waveguides can address this drawback with its strong Pockels effect. We demonstrate the first high-speed lithium niobate modulator heterogeneously integrated on silicon nitride using micro-transfer printing. The device is 2 mm long with a half-wave voltage Vπ of 14.8 V. The insertion loss and extinction ratio are 3.3 and 39 dB, respectively. Operation beyond 50 GHz has been demonstrated with the generation of open eye diagrams up to 70 Gb/s. This proof-of-principle demonstration opens up possibilities for more scalable fabrication of these trusted and performant devices.
Simulation study of TiO2 single layer anti-reflection coating for GaAs solar cell
Authors: Parajuli D. , Gaudel Gangasagar Sharma , KC Devendra , Khattri Khim B. , Rho Won-Yeop 
Published: August 2023

Anti-reflection coating (ARC) plays an important role in reducing the reflection of incident light and absorbing more photons to produce more photoelectrons. In this paper, a single-layer TiO2 anti-reflection coating is performed on GaAs solar cells. In the simulation study, we compared the solar cell before and after ARC by using PC1D simulation software. The I–V characteristics, reflectance, and external quantum efficiency have been simulated with a refractive index of 2.324 at 600 nm wavelength. The simulated results show that the ARC-coated solar cell performs better. It is found that the power conversion efficiency of 24.75% reflection is 9.5%, and the EQE is 95% at the 62 nm thickness of the ARC layer. The optimized reflectivity was found to be around 5%, which is quite lower than that without ARC (32%).
Single-mode waveguide-coupled light emitting diodes in unmodified silicon photonics fabrication processes
Authors: de Cea Marc , Li Zheng , Notaros Milica , Notaros Jelena , Ram Rajeev J. 
Published: August 2023

We realize single-mode, waveguide-coupled, electrically driven silicon light emitting diodes in commercial, unmodified silicon photonics foundry processes and develop a model of both the electrical and optical behavior to understand the performance limitations. We measure a center wavelength of 1130 nm, a 90 nm 3 dB optical bandwidth, and 200 pW of optical power propagating in each direction. We show on-chip modulation and detection of the generated light using native resonant photodetectors integrated in the same chip. Our work unveils a new native light source available in silicon photonics processes, which can find applications ranging from device screening and fabrication quality assessment to imaging, refractive index sensing, or intra-chip communication.
Effect of coated sodium butyrate in diet on performance, gut microbiota, ileal digestibility, serum nutrient fractions, immune responses and bone mineral variables in broiler chicken fed antibiotic-free diet
Authors: Rama Rao Savaram V. , Mantena V. L. N. Raju , Paul Shyam Sunder , Devanaboyina Nagalakshmi , Thota Srilatha , Bhukya Prakash , Prakki Santosh Phani Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Content Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are not recommended in broiler diets due to the possible threat of microbial resistance and residues in meat. Aim Two experiments were conducted to study the possibility of utilising coated sodium butyrate (CSB) as an alternative to AGP (500 g/t) in broiler (1–42 days) chicken diet. Method In Experiment 1, a positive control (PC with AGP), a negative control (NC, without AGP) and CSB diet (150 g/t), and in Experiment 2, four diets, i.e. PC, NC, and CSB at two concentrations (75 and 150 g/t) were prepared. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 10 floor pens (25 broilers) with built up litter as bedding material. Key results Bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were not affected, while feed efficiency (FE) at both Day 21 and Day 42 reduced in broilers fed the NC compared with those in the AGP-fed group (Experiment 1). Inclusion of CSB (150 g/t) improved the FE similar to the AGP group. In Experiment 2, BWG and FI were not affected, while FE improved in CSB groups compared with the AGP or NC. The colony count of E. coli and C. perfringes increased in the NC group compared with the AGP group and the count in CSB groups was similar to that in the AGP group. The ileal digestibility of nitrogen (CSB150 g) and energy (CSB75 and CSB150 g) and tibia variables (total ash and breaking strength) reduced in the NC group compared with the AGP groups and supplementation of CSB improved all these parameters similar to the AGP group. Conclusions On the basis of the data, it is concluded that CSB (75 or 150 g/t) can be used as an alternative to the AGP (bacitracin methylene disalysilate) in broiler chicken diet. The improvement in broiler performance with CSB in diet could be attributed to the increased ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, bone mineralisation and reduction in pathogenic bacterial count (E. coli and C. perfringes) in the gut. Implications Use of AGP in broiler diets can be avoided with inclusion of coated butyric acid, without affecting the broiler performance.
A novel deep convolutional neural network and its application to fault diagnosis of the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor under noisy environment
Authors: Chen Lerui , Ma Yidan , Wang Haiquan , Wen Shengjun , Guo Lifen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The intelligent classification achieved through the utilization of deep learning networks, which possess the capability to automatically extract essential features from data, has garnered significant attention within the domain of fault diagnosis research. Nevertheless, within the industrial production process, the data collected inevitably suffers from noise contamination, thereby adversely affecting the network’s diagnostic results. To enhance the denoising prowess and mitigate the risks associated with overfitting in deep learning networks, this paper introduces the input gate structure of long short-term memory and an attention module into the convolutional neural network to propose a novel architecture known as the gate convolutional attention neural network (gate-CANN), which subsequently finds application in the domain of squirrel-cage asynchronous motor fault diagnosis. Firstly, the sensor-acquired time domain vibration undergo conversion into two-dimensional time–frequency images through the employment of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Subsequently, the CWT images in two directions are put into gate-CANN for feature extraction, respectively. Finally, feature fusion and fault diagnosis are achieved in the end of network. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it undergoes verification using the fault diagnosis testbed specific to squirrel cage asynchronous motors. The obtained results demonstrate that, in comparison to alternative diagnostic methods, the proposed approach exhibits superior capabilities in terms of noise resistance and generalization.
A computationally efficient Kalman filter-based RAIM algorithm for aircraft navigation with GPS and NavIC
Authors: Bhattacharyya Susmita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntegrity monitoring with a Kalman filter (KF) has recently attracted significant attention. In this paper, a computationally efficient architecture of a KF-based receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm is discussed for aviation applications to ensure reliable operations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It is built on the Schmidt KF navigation processor to model time-correlated measurement errors. Reasons for important design choices of the algorithm are clarified. Different strategies are adopted to efficiently include the contributions of past KF measurements in fault detection as well as protection level (PL) calculations. Module-wise most significant numerical complexity is also analyzed in detail. The algorithm performance is studied with simulated Global Positioning System (GPS) and Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) signals for a number of scenarios. They comprise different configurations related to the number of satellites, geometry, total duration, and aircraft dynamics. Fault detection performance of presented KF RAIM is shown to be superior to another innovation-based test with a moving time window. It is demonstrated that KF RAIM running on a single-core virtual machine can complete processing within a small fraction of each time interval. The performance is also analyzed by restricting CPU usage. The processing time of GPS-NavIC KF RAIM at every interval is shown to be consistently less than that of standalone GPS in all scenarios. Therefore, dual constellations not only result in lower PLs, but also require shorter execution times. An explanation for faster execution times with dual GNSS is provided using the numerical complexity of different modules.
Highly selective etching of SiNx over SiO2 using ClF3/Cl2 remote plasma
Authors: Yoo Seong Jae , Kang Ji Eun , Ji You Jin , Tak Hyun Woo , Cho Byeong Ok , Kim Young Lae , Lee Ki Chan , Chun Jin Sung , Kim Yongil , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Highly selective etching of silicon nitride over silicon oxide is one of the most important processes especially for the fabrication of vertical semiconductor devices including 3D NAND (Not And) devices. In this study, isotropic dry etching characteristics of SiN
x
and SiO2 using ClF3/Cl2 remote plasmas have been investigated. The increase of Cl2 percent in ClF3/Cl2 gas mixture increased etch selectivity of SiN
x
over SiO2 while decreasing SiN
x
etch rate. By addition of 15% Cl to ClF3/Cl2, the etch selectivity higher than 500 could be obtained with the SiN
x
etch rate of ∼8 nm min−1, and the increase of Cl percent to 20% further increased the etch selectivity to higher than 1000. It was found that SiN
x
can be etched through the reaction from Si–N to Si–F and Si–Cl (also from Si–Cl to Si–F) while SiO2 can be etched only through the reaction from Si–O to Si–F, and which is also in extremely low reaction at room temperature. When SiN
x
/SiO2 layer stack was etched using ClF3/Cl2(15%), extremely selective removal of SiN
x
layer in the SiN
x
/SiO2 layer stack could be obtained without noticeable etching of SiO2 layer in the stack and without etch loading effect.
Flexible triboelectric nanogenerators of Au-g-C3N4/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures for machine learning enabled body movement detection
Authors: Das Sourav Pratim , Bhuyan Rimlee , Baro Bikash , Das Upamanyu , Sharma Rupam , Bayan Sayan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Here we report the development of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self-powered human motion detector with chemically developed Au-g-C3N4/ZnO based nanocomposite on common cellulose paper platform. Compared to bare g-C3N4, the nanocomposite in the form of hierarchical morphology is found to exhibit higher output voltage owing to the contribution of Au and ZnO in increasing the dielectric constant and surface roughness. While generating power ∼3.5 μW cm−2 and sensitivity ∼3.3 V N−1, the flexible TENG, is also functional under common biomechanical stimuli to operate as human body movement sensor. When attached to human body, the flexible TENG is found to be sensitive towards body movement as well as the frequency of movement. Finally upon attaching multiple TENG devices to human body, the nature of body movement has been traced precisely using machine learning (ML) techniques. The execution of the learning algorithms like artificial neural network and random forest classifier on the data generated from these multiple sensors can yield an accuracy of 99% and 100% respectively to predict body movement with great deal of precision. The exhibition of superior sensitivity and ML based biomechanical motion recognition accuracy by the hierarchical structure based flexible TENG sensor are the prime novelties of the work.
Soliton molecules for combined mKdV-type bilinear equation
Authors: Zhao Zhang-Xuan , Zhang Lu-Wei , Yang Wei , Cheng Xue-Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Starting from the multi-soliton solutions obtained by the Hirota bilinear method, the soliton molecule structures for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation

(

D

t

+

∑

n
=
1

N

α

n

D

x

2
n
+
1

)

f

*

·
f

=

0

are investigated using the velocity resonance mechanism. The two-soliton molecules of the mKdV-35 equation and the three-soliton molecules of the mKdV-357 equation are specifically demonstrated in this paper. With particular selections of the involved arbitrary parameters, especially the wave numbers, it is confirmed that, besides the usual multi-bright soliton molecules, the multi-dark soliton molecules and the mixed multi-bright-dark soliton molecules can also be obtained. In addition, we discuss the existence of the multi-soliton molecules for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation with more higher order nonlinear terms and dispersions. The results demonstrate that when N ≥ 4, the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation no longer admits soliton molecules comprising more than four solitons.
Comprehensive feasibility evaluation of small-diameter 3D templated vascular graft via physical characterizations and in-vivo experiments
Authors: Karna Sandeep , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Yeong Seo , Min Too Jae , Yoo Sung Mook , Kim Chae Hwa , Kim Yuseok , Kim Ji-Won , Lee Ju Han , Park Suk-Hee , Kim Tae Hee , Jo Won-Min 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
3D printing (3DP) technology for tissue engineering applications has been extensively studied for materials and processes. However, clinical application to the vascular system was limited owing to mechanical inconsistency and toxicity. Here, we characterized 3D templated artificial vascular grafts (3D grafts), which were fabricated by an integrative method involving 3DP, dip coating, and salt leaching method. The as-fabricated grafts were featured with micrometer-scale porosity enabling tissue-mimetic mechanical softness comparable with native blood vessels. In terms of mechanical properties and water permeability, the fabricated 3D grafts exhibited comparable or superior performances compared to the commercialized grafts. Furthermore, the in-vivo stability of the 3D graft was validated through a toxicity test, and the small-diameter 3D graft was transplanted into a rat to confirm the implant’s performance. Overall, the experimental results demonstrated the clinical feasibility of the 3D graft with retaining the mechanical biocompatibility and also revealed the possibility of patient-specific customization.
Changes and influencing factors of ecosystem resilience in China
Authors: Hu Ying , Wei Fangli , Fu Bojie , Wang Shuai , Zhang Wenmin , Zhang Yunlong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The multifunctionality and sustainability of ecosystems are strongly dependent on their ability to withstand and recover from disturbances—that is, ecosystem resilience (ER). However, the dynamics and attributes of ER remain largely unknown, especially in China, where climatic and anthropogenic pressures are high. In this study, we evaluated spatiotemporal patterns of ER in China from 2001 to 2020 using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. We estimated the relative independent importance of climate change, CO2, and anthropogenic factors on changes in ER signals. The results showed that more than half of the ecosystems in the study area have experienced ER gain followed by ER loss during the past two decades. Before breakpoints (BPs), climate change explained 58.29% of the ER change associated with increasing precipitation. After BPs, 65.10% of the ER change was most affected by CO2, and drought from rising temperature further deteriorated ER loss. We highlight that relationships between changes in ER and climate are spatially heterogeneous and suggest increased negative radiative effects of CO2, associated with global warming, on ecosystem stability due to the saturated canopy photosynthesis. These findings have crucial implications for future climate change mitigation, carbon peak, and carbon neutrality targets.
Genotypic Response of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) to Seed Inoculation, P and K Fertilization under Giza Ecological Conditions, Egypt
Authors: Kandil A. A. , Badawi M. A. , Seadh S.E. , Ahmed KH. R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Two field tests were done on the Experimental area of El-Rakah Village, El-Ayat Center, Giza, Egypt, during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, In request to examine the exhibition of Kawmy-1 mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivar to various portions of seed inculcation, phosphorus and potassium treatments. The got results demonstrated the most elevated upsides of the leaf region were acquired from seed vaccination in the second season. The expansions in phosphorus rates to 45 kg P2O5 fed−1 care created the tallest plants and most noteworthy upsides of leaf region, no. of seeds for each pod and seed yield for each plant in the subsequent season. The expansions in potassium rates to 50 kg K2O fed−1 care of created tallest plants, stem width, leaf area, no. of branches for each plant, no. of seeds for each pod, the weight of 100 seeds, plant seed yield and seed yield for each in the first and second season as well as the number of seeds for each pod in another season. It very well may be presumed that inoculation of mungbean seeds with Rhizobium and increasing phosphorus fertilizer to 45 kg P2O5fed−1 and potassium to 50 kg K2O fed−1 cause to maximize seed yield per unit area.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Type and Level of Add on Vegetative Growth Traits of Olive Cultivar Ashrasi
Authors: Mohammed A. M. , Muslat M. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on Rawa area at AL-Anbar Governorate- Iraq, during the 2021 and 2022 seasons by using 72 olive trees (cultivar Ashrasi) treated with 0, 15, and 25 kg per olive tree from composted of common reed waste + cow, sheep, and poultry manure, also tree treated with 0 and 50 liters from aqueous extract of compost. The results of the statistical analysis showed that: The treatment of 25 kg.tree−1 from compost consisting of 80% common reed waste with 20% poultry manure with 50 liters of aqueous extract of the compost led to a highly significant improvement in vegetative growth traits (shoots length, number of leaves per shoots and leaf area), concentration of chlorophyll and leaf mineral content (N, P, and K) compared with control treatment during 2021 and 2022 seasons.