bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial precarity, food insecurity, and psychological distress prospectively linked with use of potentially dangerous dietary supplements during the pandemic in the US
Authors: Austin S. Bryn , Beccia Ariel L. , Raffoul Amanda , Jackson Destiny A. , Sarda Vishnudas , Hart Jaime E. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Rich-Edwards Janet 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSupplements sold with claims to promote weight loss, cleansing/detoxing, increased energy, or boosted immunity can be dangerous, and consumers experiencing extreme stressors may be especially vulnerable to deceptive claims. The purpose of our study was to investigate associations of financial strain and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic with use of supplements sold for weight loss, cleanse/detox, energy, or immunity.MethodsWe used repeated-measures data gathered over five survey waves from April/May 2020–April 2021 from the COVID-19 Substudy (N = 54,951), within three prospective US national cohorts (Nurses' Health Study 2, Nurses' Health Study 3, and Growing Up Today Study), to investigate longitudinal associations between financial strain and psychological distress and risk of use of potentially dangerous types of supplements. Surveys assessed use of supplements prior to and during the first year of the pandemic, as well as financial precarity, food insecurity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and daily hassles. We fit sociodemographic-adjusted modified Poisson GEE models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between baseline or lagged time-varying predictors and prevalent or incident (i.e., new-onset) use of each supplement type.ResultsAt baseline in April/May 2020, soon after pandemic onset, current use of supplement types was: weight loss 2.7%; cleanse/detox 3.2%; energy 4.4%; immune 22.6%. By the end of the study period, cumulative incidence was: weight loss 3.5%; cleanse/detox 3.7%; energy 4.5%; immune 21.3%. In prevalent-use analyses, financial precarity, food insecurity, and psychological distress were associated with up to 2.4 times the risk of use of these types of supplements across the study period. Similarly, in incident-use analyses, financial precarity and psychological distress were associated with up to 2.1 times the risk of initiating use; whereas, high food insecurity was associated with nearly 1.8 times higher risk of onset of weight-loss supplements use but was not associated with onset of use of other types of supplements.DiscussionWe found consistent evidence that during the first year of the pandemic, participants experiencing elevated financial strain and psychological distress were at heightened risk of initiating use of potentially dangerous types of supplements. Our findings raise concerns about deceptive claims about the safety and product effectiveness by manufacturers of these supplements to profit from vulnerable consumers during the pandemic.
Development and validation of nomogram including high altitude as a risk factor for COPD: A cross-sectional study based on Gansu population
Authors: Lin Ao , Mao Chun , Rao Boqi , Zhao Hongjun , Wang Yunchao , Yang Guokang , Lei Haisheng , Xie Chenli , Huang Dongsheng , Deng Yibin , Zhang Xuhui , Wang Xinhua , Lu Jiachun 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and harmful disease that requires an effective tool to early screen high-risk individuals. Gansu has unique environments and customs, leading to the different prevalence and etiology of COPD from other regions. The association between altitude and COPD once attracted epidemiologists' attention. However, the prevalence in Gansu and the role of altitude are still unclarified.MethodsIn Gansu, a multistage stratified cluster sampling procedure was utilized to select a representative sample aged 40 years or older. The questionnaire and spirometry examination were implemented to collect participants' information. The diagnosis and assessment of COPD were identified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criterion, while post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC &lt; LLN was for sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the effect of high altitude on COPD was evaluated by the logistic regression model after propensity score matching (PSM). Finally, the participants were randomly divided into training and validation sets. The training set was used to screen the relative factors and construct a nomogram which was further assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the two sets.ResultsThere were 2,486 eligible participants in the final analysis, of which 1,584 lived in low altitudes and 902 lived in high altitudes. Based on the GOLD criterion, the crude and standardized prevalences in Gansu were 20.4% (18.7–22.0) and 19.7% (17.9–21.6). After PSM, the logistic regression model indicated that high altitude increased COPD risk [PSM OR: 1.516 (1.162–1.978)]. Altitude, age, sex, history of tuberculosis, coal as fuel, and smoking status were reserved for developing a nomogram that demonstrated excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical benefit in the two sets.ConclusionsCOPD has become a serious public health problem in Gansu. High altitude is a risk factor for COPD. The nomogram has satisfactory efficiency in screening high-risk individuals.
Towards automated video-based assessment of dystonia in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: A novel approach using markerless motion tracking and machine learning
Authors: Haberfehlner Helga , van de Ven Shankara S. , van der Burg Sven A. , Huber Florian , Georgievska Sonja , Aleo Ignazio , Harlaar Jaap , Bonouvrié Laura A. , van der Krogt Marjolein M. , Buizer Annemieke I. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Video-based clinical rating plays an important role in assessing dystonia and monitoring the effect of treatment in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). However, evaluation by clinicians is time-consuming, and the quality of rating is dependent on experience. The aim of the current study is to provide a proof-of-concept for a machine learning approach to automatically assess scoring of dystonia using 2D stick figures extracted from videos. Model performance was compared to human performance.Methods: A total of 187 video sequences of 34 individuals with dyskinetic CP (8–23 years, all non-ambulatory) were filmed at rest during lying and supported sitting. Videos were scored by three raters according to the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS) for arm and leg dystonia (normalized scores ranging from 0–1). Coordinates in pixels of the left and right wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle were extracted using DeepLabCut, an open source toolbox that builds on a pose estimation algorithm. Within a subset, tracking accuracy was assessed for a pretrained human model and for models trained with an increasing number of manually labeled frames. The mean absolute error (MAE) between DeepLabCut’s prediction of the position of body points and manual labels was calculated. Subsequently, movement and position features were calculated from extracted body point coordinates. These features were fed into a Random Forest Regressor to train a model to predict the clinical scores. The model performance trained with data from one rater evaluated by MAEs (model-rater) was compared to inter-rater accuracy.Results: A tracking accuracy of 4.5 pixels (approximately 1.5 cm) could be achieved by adding 15–20 manually labeled frames per video. The MAEs for the trained models ranged from 0.21 ± 0.15 for arm dystonia to 0.14 ± 0.10 for leg dystonia (normalized DIS scores). The inter-rater MAEs were 0.21 ± 0.22 and 0.16 ± 0.20, respectively.Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study shows the potential of using stick figures extracted from common videos in a machine learning approach to automatically assess dystonia. Sufficient tracking accuracy can be reached by manually adding labels within 15–20 frames per video. With a relatively small data set, it is possible to train a model that can automatically assess dystonia with a performance comparable to human scoring.
Using the electrodermal activity signal and machine learning for diagnosing sleep
Authors: Piccini Jacopo , August Elias , Óskarsdóttir María , Arnardóttir Erna Sif 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe use of the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal for health diagnostics is becoming increasingly popular. The increase is due to advances in computational methods such as machine learning (ML) and the availability of wearable devices capable of better measuring EDA signals. One field where work on EDA has significantly increased is sleep research, as changes in EDA are related to different aspects of sleep and sleep health such as sleep stages and sleep-disordered breathing; for example, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).MethodsIn this work, we used supervised machine learning, particularly the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, to develop models for detecting sleep stages and OSA. We considered clinical knowledge of EDA during particular sleep stages and OSA occurrences, complementing a standard statistical feature set with EDA-specific variables.ResultsWe obtained an average macro F1-score of 57.5% and 66.6%, depending on whether we considered five or four sleep stages, respectively. When detecting OSA, regardless of the severity, the model reached an accuracy of 83.7% or 78.4%, depending on the measure used to classify the participant's sleep health status.ConclusionThe research work presented here provides further evidence that, in the future, most sleep health diagnostics might well do without complete polysomnography (PSG) studies, as wearables can detect well the EDA signal.
Sustainable coffee capsule consumption: Understanding Italian consumers' purchasing drivers
Authors: Samoggia Antonella , Busi Riccardo 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionCoffee is among the most appreciated beverages by consumers globally. Single serve coffee market expands and is highly profitable, but coffee in capsules (CIC) raises a major issue of environmental sustainability. The coffee industry aims to expand the CIC sales and to reduce capsule environmental impact and waste. To better define a sustainability-oriented strategy, the coffee industry needs to understand how to approach different socio-economic consumer groups. Thus, this study aims to explore consumers' perception and awareness of sustainable CIC, with specific attention on consumers' socio-economic characteristics.MethodsThe study interviewed a sample of 261 Italian consumers. Data elaboration includes four main steps: a cluster analysis leading to three socio-economic groups, a factor and structural equation modeling to confirm the factors and the relation between CIC sustainability and quality factors, and a multinomial logistic regression to examine the factors that drive the likeliness of consumers' willingness to purchase sustainable CIC.ResultsResults support that all groups of consumers value sustainability attribute as main CIC purchasing decision driver. The sustainability factor does not show any significance on the explanation of the CIC quality factor. Consumer perception of the CIC sustainability is not affected by age, income, level of education, and gender.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary insights for sustainable CIC production and consumption.
Food values: How they relate to legality
Authors: Marchini Andrea , Polenzani Bianca , Ceccarelli Giulia , Mariano Eleonora , Martino Gaetano 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionA value is an implicit principle that arises from judgments about everything around people, whereas a value system is a set of values ordered according to personal preferences. In this context, values can be seen as the adherence to an implicit or explicit set of rules, many of which are related to legality. In this study, legality is understood as the willingness of citizens to abide by the existing set of formal laws. A value system can guide consumers' food choices and provide information on their preferences. In this way, the citizens' food value system can influence the decisions of producers and policymakers.MethodsThe present study investigates the food value system of a sample of young adults using the Best-Worst Scale method.ResultsValues such as environmental impact rank high in their value system, indicating that adherence to a set of implicit rules and regulations concerning the environment are very important values when choosing food.DiscussionAlthough adherence to a legal system that protects a public good (the environment) is considered an essential value, legality per se is not. This might suggest, on the one hand, a lack of awareness of legality issues in the Italian food system and, on the other hand, a strong interest in issues perceived as more urgent.
Motility of Different Gastric Helicobacter spp.
Authors: Bansil Rama , Constantino Maira A. , Su-Arcaro Clover , Liao Wentian , Shen Zeli , Fox James G. 
Published: March 2023

Helicobacter spp., including the well-known human gastric pathogen H. pylori, can cause gastric diseases in humans and other mammals. They are Gram-negative bacteria that colonize the gastric epithelium and use their multiple flagella to move across the protective gastric mucus layer. The flagella of different Helicobacter spp. vary in their location and number. This review focuses on the swimming characteristics of different species with different flagellar architectures and cell shapes. All Helicobacter spp. use a run-reverse-reorient mechanism to swim in aqueous solutions, as well as in gastric mucin. Comparisons of different strains and mutants of H. pylori varying in cell shape and the number of flagella show that their swimming speed increases with an increasing number of flagella and is somewhat enhanced with a helical cell body shape. The swimming mechanism of H. suis, which has bipolar flagella, is more complex than that of unipolar H. pylori. H. suis exhibits multiple modes of flagellar orientation while swimming. The pH-dependent viscosity and gelation of gastric mucin significantly impact the motility of Helicobacter spp. In the absence of urea, these bacteria do not swim in mucin gel at pH < 4, even though their flagellar bundle rotates.
Hubungan Kepribadian Tangguh dan Optimisme dengan Stres Akademik pada Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Binjai
Authors: Aisyah Dara , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Munir Abdul 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the correlations of hardiness personality and optimism with academic stress in students of SMA Negeri 1 Binjai. Academic stress is the emotional tension that arises from life events at school and feelings of threatened student safety or self-esteem. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that there is a negative correlations of hardiness personality and optimism with academic stress, The type of research is quantitative, which is a study that emphasizes its analysis on numerical data or numbers, a sample of 95 students. The data collection method uses the hardiness personality scale and optimism and the academic stress scale. Data analysis using multiple regression analysis, the results obtained by Rxy) = -0.728 with p = 0.000 < 0.050, this shows that there is a significant correlations of hardiness personality and optimism with academic stress, thus the hypothesis proposed is accepted. The contribution of resilient personality and optimism to academic stress is =53%, meaning that there are still 47% more factors that affect academic stress that are not seen in this study, namely factors of self-esteem, intelligence, problem solving, and self-efficacy of the sources of stress experienced by students including the desire to achieve achievements, and external factors while factors that can reduce stress are ridha with God's provisions, gratitude, positive thinking and dhikr (religiosity).
Propriedades de concretos produzidos com fresa de asfalto em substituição ao agregado miúdo
Authors: Fagundes Kamile Pereira , Wally Gustavo Bosel , Tessaro Alessandra Buss , Silva Luciano Lopes , De Oliveira Julio Cesar Pinto , De Mattos Flávia Costa , Nunes Jorge Oleinik , Bandeira Jorge Saes 
Published: March 2023

O constante aumento de manutenção de rodovias asfaltadas resulta em alta geração de resíduos. A preocupação com o meio ambiente e a redução de recursos naturais disponíveis têm levado à busca por materiais mais sustentáveis. Já se tem estudos e aplicações que analisam a viabilidade e os benefícios da utilização do resíduo de fresagem de asfalto no próprio pavimento, como reforço do subleito, sub-base e base da via. Há também estudos que verificam a substituição de agregado natural por agregado de fresagem na composição do concreto. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a influência da utilização de agregados graúdos reciclados com diferentes teores de substituição do agregado graúdo na produção de concretos. Será avaliado o comportamento do material no estado fresco, quanto a sua trabalhabilidade, e no estado endurecido, avaliando a resistência à compressão, módulo de elasticidade e absorção de água por imersão e capilaridade. O estudo tem como resultados esperados a produção de concretos reciclados com fresagem asfáltica que atendam aos requisitos de resistência mecânica apresentados pela NBR 12655:2015 e que apresentem absorção de água em níveis similares ao do concreto de referência.
Bismuth Oxide-based Matrix Nanosystems for X-ray Contrast Diagnostics and Protection from Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Fedosenko V. S. , Iji M. M. , Lozovenko A. A. , Gorokh G. G. 
Published: March 2023

The features of the bismuth oxide deposition by the ion layering method on matrices of anodic alumina and anodic titania have been studied. The formed nanostructured systems have been studied by means of electron micros copy, X-ray microanalysis, and X-ray spectroscopy. Two-layer nanocomposites consist of porous matrix or TiO2 island film with vertically oriented Bi2O3 plates placed on the surface. The photoluminescence spectrum of Al2O3/Bi2O3 oxide structure contains two photoluminescence channels with peaks at 460 and 560 nm upon excitation at 345 nm. Analysis of the EDX spectra showed that the atomic ratio of Bi, Ti and O was 31.46 % Bi : 3.78 % Ti : 51.05 % O. The possibility of using complex nanocomposite as contrast agents in X-ray diagnostics and for protection against ionizing radiation is shown.
AN OVERVIEW OF OBESITY RISK FACTORS IN THE STUDENTS OF POLTEKKES KEMENKES TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Hidayat Asep AS , Puruhita Tri Kusuma A. , Aryanti Dewi , Februanti Sofia 
Published: March 2023

The risk factors of adolescent obesity are caused by macronutrient intake, diet and eating habits, physical activity, genetics, knowledge, attitudes, and psychological. This study aimed to determine obesity risk factors for students of Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya. This descriptive research studied on 100 students. Obesity is determined by BMI, while body fat composition is determined by the bioimpedance analysis method. Intake and diet were measured through interviews, using a 24-hour recall form, an FFQ questionnaire, and a PGS instrument. Physical activity was measured using the IPAQ form. Knowledge and attitudes are determined by interviews, using knowledge and attitudes instruments. The data were analyzed descriptively. Food intake data were processed using Nutrisurvey 2007 for Windows. BMI showed 64% belong to the obesity 1. The average of body weight was 73.96 Kg ± 11.89. The incidence of obesity occurs a lot during adolescence and college (70%), 48% have obese parents, and 42% have obese siblings. The average body fat was 32.84% ± 5.59 and the average visceral fat was 9.57 ± 4.72. Fat and carbohydrate intake and energy were 100% less than DV, while protein intake was 85% less than DV. The diet of carbohydrate and vegetable sources was less than normal, while protein and fruit sources tend to be normal. Physical activity was low with 46%. The average knowledge score was 75.1% ± 12.98, and the average attitude score was 78.2% ± 14.17.
Keywords: Physical Activity; Intake; Obesity; Knowledge; Diet
Open planar acoustic notch filter using a film-integrated Helmholtz resonator array
Authors: Mizukoshi Fumiya , Takahashi Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Acoustic filters are used to transmit or attenuate noise in a specific frequency band. However, previous acoustic filters consisting of rigid structures generally required a large housing of a size equivalent to the wavelength, limiting their downsizing. This study presents an open planar acoustic notch filter using a film-integrated Helmholtz resonator (HR) array. A film divides the HR chamber and resonates with the HR. The film-integrated HR array filter achieved smaller housing dimensions than a no-film HR array filter with the same notch frequency. The transmittance of the film-integrated HR array was theoretically calculated using the transfer matrix method. The calculated spectra were very similar to the simulation results. The notch frequency of the film-integrated HR array filter was 4.04, 0.74 kHz lower than a no-film HR array filter. The design and analysis of the acoustic filter presented should motivate further development of advanced acoustic filters.
Structures of Sm–Cu intermetallics with Fe as subphase candidates in SmFe12-based permanent magnets studied by first-principles thermodynamics
Authors: Nishino Soma , Gohda Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since crystalline grain-boundary subphases are expected in SmFe12-based permanent magnets, stable crystal structures dependent on temperatures and compositions are examined by first-principles thermodynamics. The free-energy landscape of ternary Sm–Cu–Fe is constructed with self-consistent phonon theory to overcome the dynamical instability problem, where a barrier between binary B2 Sm–Cu and bcc Fe is found. Cu-rich B2 Sm–Cu is substantially stabilized by phonons as well as by configurational entropy. Furthermore, Fe atoms in the Cu sublattice of B27 SmCu contribute to the relative phase stabilization. These results indicate the existence of B2–B27 two-phase equilibria expanding the stable composition region of nonmagnetic SmCu-based intermetallics.
Painotetun opetuksen oppilasvalikointi Suomen kaupunkikouluissa: valintakriteerit ja ideaalioppilaan normi
Authors: Pasu Terhi , Seppänen Piia , Kosunen Sonja 
Published: March 2023

Pupil selection to emphasised teaching in comprehensive schools in urban Finland: selection criteria and the norm of the ideal pupil
In this article we research how pupil selection inside formally non-selective comprehensive schooling in Finland is governed and analyse the admission criteria cities (n=12) and schools use to select pupils for emphasised teaching. We analyse how the pupil selection criteria texts present content that requires different forms of capital (Bourdieu) to enrol to emphasised teaching. Use of the admission criteria was vast and varied nationally. It did not just evaluate pupil’s aptitudes in a certain emphasised discipline as legislation lines but applied much more versatile criteria. We argue that pupil selection texts create the norm of the ideal pupil preferred by emphasised teaching. Municipalities and schools are the key actors creating routes to social distinction inside comprehensive schooling.