bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Alpha and Beta‐CGRP Levels in Chronic Migraine Patients Before and After Monoclonal Antibodies Against CGRP or its Receptor
Authors: Gárate Gabriel , González‐Quintanilla Vicente , González Andrea , Pascual Marta , Pérez‐Pereda Sara , Madera Jorge , Pascual Julio 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of alpha and beta‐CGRP circulating levels throughout CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment in patients with chronic migraine (CM).MethodsWe recruited patients with CM beginning mAbs along with sex and age paired healthy controls (HCs). Blood was extracted before, 2 weeks (M0.5) and 3 months (M3) after the first dose of mAbs, always in free‐migraine periods, and once for HCs. Alpha and beta‐CGRP serum levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for each isoform.ResultsBaseline alpha‐CGRP levels were significantly elevated in 103 patients with CM (median = 50.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.5–57.0 pg/ml) compared to 78 HCs (median = 37.5, 95% CI = 33.9–45.0 pg/ml; 95% CI of differences = 2.85–17.08 pg/ml) and significantly decreased (n = 96) over the course of mAb treatment (M0.5: median = 40.4, 95% CI = 35.6–48.2 pg/ml; and M3: median = 40.9, 95% CI = 36.3–45.9 pg/ml). Absolute decrease of alpha‐CGRP throughout the treatment positively correlated with the decrease in MMDs. Negative modulation of alpha‐CGRP significantly associated with positive scores at the Patient Global Impression of Change scale and with analgesic overuse reversal. Beta‐CGRP did not differ at baseline between patients with CM (median = 4.2, 95% CI = 3.0–4.8 pg/ml) and HCs (median = 4.4, 95% CI = 3.4–5.6 pg/ml; −1.09 to 0.60) nor was modulated by mAb treatment (n = 96; M0.5: median = 4.5, 95% CI = 3.5–5.2 pg/ml; and M3: median = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.7–5.2 pg/ml).InterpretationTreatment with mAbs, regardless of its target, is able to progressively normalize basally increased alpha‐CGRP levels in CM and this effect correlates with efficacy measures, which supports a role of this neuropeptide as the first CM biomarker. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:285–294
Hydrogen Bonding Enables Polymer Hydrogels with pH‐Induced Reversible Dynamic Responsive Behaviors
Authors: Cheng Ruidong , Xu Mingwei , Zhang Xuehui , Jiang Jinqiang , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhao Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PAN) hydrogels containing multiple hydrogen bonds can exhibit pH‐induced reversible dynamic responsive behaviors. When placing a transparent hydrogel in an acid bath, as hydrogen bonds between comonomer units involving protonated COOH groups are formed faster than water diffusion, a nonequilibrium light‐scattering state is formed to turn the hydrogel opaque, while as the swelling equilibrium is reached over time, the hydrogel regains its transparency. Likewise, when the transparent, hydrogen‐bonded hydrogel is subsequently immersed in DI water, faster water absorption occurs in where more COOH groups are deprotonated, which also generates a light‐scattering state leading to opacity, while the transparency is slowly recovered after equilibrium. Using such two‐way dynamic transparency evolution, a PAN‐based hydrogel material is prepared to demonstrate a dynamic memory system for information memorizing‐forgetting and recalling‐forgetting.
Assembly of One to Four As4 Analogues, (Ge2As2)2− or (Ge3As)3−, in the Coordination Sphere of [PhM]+, [MesM]+, or M2+ (M=Zn, Cd, Hg)
Authors: Wei Shangxin , Peerless Benjamin , Guggolz Lukas , Mitzinger Stefan , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPseudo‐tetrahedral units of p‐block atoms proved to be excellent building blocks for novel molecular architectures and for introducing new elemental combinations which are not otherwise accessible. In this work, we present a series of clusters obtained by reactions of binary Ge/As anions with [MPh2] (M=Zn, Cd, Hg; Ph=phenyl). The study is grounded on the fact that the binary reactant gained by extracting the solid ‘K2GeAs’ with ethane‐1,2‐diamine (en) co‐exists as (Ge2As2)2− and (Ge3As)3− in solution. This allows for a larger variety of products by ‘selecting’ the most suitable species for the final ternary complex to crystallize. The reactions afforded the unprecedented first step of the corresponding interaction, thus attachment of (MPh)+ to a pseudo‐tetrahedral unit in [PhZn(Ge3As)]2− (1) and [PhHg(Ge3As)]2− (2), and complex anions with two, three, or four units, [(Ge3As)Zn(Ge2As2)]3− (3), [Cd3(Ge3As)3]3− (4), and [Zn3(Ge3As)4]6− (5). Quantum chemistry confirmed the compositions and the positions of the Ge or As atoms, beside explaining structural peculiarities. The subtle impact of different [MR2] reactants was additionally studied by corresponding reactions using [ZnMes2] (Mes=mesityl), which showed success in selectively crystallizing [MesZn(Ge3As)]2− (6). Based on our findings, we derive a suggestion of the underlying reaction cascade.
Ultra‐Small‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Based on an N−B←N Unit
Authors: Xu Jin , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the breakthrough of conductive polymers in 1977, scientists have made great efforts to create small band gap (Eg) conjugated polymers. Two general strategies to design small Eg conjugated polymers are quinoid structure and donor‐acceptor structure. Ultrasmall Eg conjugated polymers (Eg<1.0 eV) always suffer from poor air stability because of high‐lying HOMO energy levels. In this work, we report a new strategy to design ultrasmall Eg conjugated polymers by N−B←N unit, i.e. balanced resonant boron‐nitrogen covalent bond (B−N) and boron‐nitrogen coordination bond (B←N). The resulting polymer exhibits an Eg of 0.82 eV and an onset absorption wavelength of >1500 nm. Moreover, the polymer exhibits excellent air stability because of its low‐lying LUMO/HOMO energy levels. An unprecedented property of this polymer is the selective light absorption in the infrared range (800–1500 nm) and high transparency in the visible range (400–780 nm). Using this property, for the first time, we demonstrate the application of conjugated polymers as transparent thermal‐shielding coating layer on glass, which reduces indoor solar irradiation through window and consequently reduces power consumption for cooling of buildings and cars in summer.
Virus‐Like Particle‐Induced cGAS‐STING Activation and AIM2 Inflammasome‐Mediated Pyroptosis for Robust Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Fan Huanhuan , Yang Ying , Yao Shankun , Yu Wenhao , Guo Zijian , Tan Weihong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractcGAS‐STING‐mediated DNA sensing is demonstrated to be critical for launching antitumor immunity. However, DNA‐based cGAS‐STING agonists are rarely reported owing to low cell permeability, poor biostability and, especially, limited length of exogenous DNA. Here, we present a virus‐like particle which is self‐assembled from long DNA building blocks generated through rolling‐circle amplification (RCA) and covered with cationic liposomes. Based on long and densely packed DNA structure, it could efficiently induce liquid phase condensation of cGAS and activate STING signaling to produce inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, this virus‐like particle could also trigger the formation of AIM2 inflammasome to induce gasdermin D‐mediated pyroptosis, boosting antitumor immunity. Thus, this study provides a simple and robust strategy for cancer immunotherapy for clinical application. This is the first study to report the intrinsic immunogenicity of RCA products, thus facilitating their biomedical applications.
Metal‐Organic Framework Nanoparticles with Universal Dispersibility through Crown Ether Surface Coordination for Phase‐Transfer Catalysis and Separation Membranes
Authors: Yang Xiaoxin , Zhang Qiao , Liu Yufeng , Nian Mengjie , Xie Min , Xie Shasha , Yang Qinglian , Wang Suna , Wei Hui , Duan Jingui , Dong Shengyi , Xing Hang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDispersing metal‐organic framework (MOF) solids in stable colloids is crucial for their availability and processibility. Herein, we report a crown ether surface coordination approach for functionalizing the surface‐exposed metal sites of MOF particles with amphiphilic carboxylated crown ether (CEC). The surface‐bound crown ethers significantly improve MOF solvation without compromising the accessible voids. We demonstrate that CEC‐coated MOFs exhibit exceptional colloidal dispersibility and stability in 11 distinct solvents and six polymer matrices with a wide range of polarities. The MOF‐CEC can be instantaneously suspended in immiscible two‐phase solvents as an effective phase‐transfer catalyst and can form various uniform membranes with enhanced adsorption and separation performance, which highlights the effectiveness of crown ether coating.
Cooperative Sensitization Upconversion in Solution Dispersions of Co‐Crystal Assemblies of Mononuclear Yb3+ and Eu3+ Complexes
Authors: Sun Guotao , Xie Yao , Wang Yuxin , Mandl Gabrielle A. , Maurizio Steven L. , Zhang Hongjie , Ottenwaelder Xavier , Capobianco John A. , Sun Lining 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLanthanide upconversion luminescence in nanoparticles has prompted continuous breakthroughs in information storage, temperature sensing, and biomedical applications, among others. Achieving upconversion luminescence at the molecular scale is still a critical challenge in modern chemistry. In this work, we explored the upconversion luminescence of solution dispersions of co‐crystals composed of discrete mononuclear Yb(DBM)3Bpy and Eu(DBM)3Bpy complexes (DBM: dibenzoylmethane, Bpy: 2,2′‐bipyridine). The 613 nm emission of Eu3+ was observed under excitation of Yb3+ at 980 nm. From the series of molecular assemblies studied, the most intense luminescence was obtained for a 1 : 1 molar ratio of Yb3+ : Eu3+, resulting in a high quantum yield of 0.67 % at 2.1 W cm−2. The structure and energy transfer mechanism of the assemblies were fully characterized. This is the first example of an Eu3+‐based upconverting system composed of two discrete mononuclear lanthanide complexes present as co‐crystals in non‐deuterated solution.
Nano‐SH‐MOF@Self‐Assembling Hollow Spherical g‐C3N4 Heterojunction for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Ding Zhu , Wang Shuo , Yan Sai , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Wang Dan‐Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)@g‐C3N4 heterojunctions are widely investigated as one of the most potential photocatalysts for N2 fixation owing to the visible absorption and effective photocatalytic properties. It is still a huge challenge to synthesize hollow spherical C3N4 coated with Nano‐MOF layers towards efficient visible photocatalytic activity on N2 fixation. In this work, the paramagnetic hollow spherical C3N4 (H‐C3N4) are coated with free radical MOF with sulfhydryl ligand (Nano‐SH‐MOF)[Zn2(DSBDC)] by self‐assemble method. The C8 M2 samples (the mass ratio of H‐C3N4 to Nano‐SH‐MOF is 8 : 2) exhibited an improved photocatalytic activity, which is almost 5.4 times higher than the pure H‐C3N4. The improved photocatalytic activity is also discussed in this work. It can be imagined that this work may be helpful for the hollow spherical C3N4 based heterojunction and MOF‐based heterojunction photocatalysts with effective photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.
Photochemical Reaction Mechanism of Intramolecular H Transfer Reaction of H2C3O+⋅ Radical Cation
Authors: Kim Joonghan , Oh Dakyeung , Park Eunji , Park Jeongmin , Kim Jungyoon , Lim Jeong Sik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe photochemical reaction mechanism underlying the intramolecular H‐transfer of the H2C3O+⋅ radical cation to the H2CCCO+⋅ methylene ketene cation was elucidated using time‐dependent density functional theory and high‐level ab initio methods. Once the D1 state of H2C3O+⋅ is populated, the reaction proceeds to form an intermediate (IM) in the D1 state (IM4D1). The molecular structure of the conical intersection (CI) was optimized using a multiconfigurational ab initio method. The CI is readily accessible because it lies slightly above the IM4D1 in energy. In addition, the gradient difference vector of the CI is almost parallel to the intramolecular H‐transfer reaction coordinate. Once the vibration mode of IM4D1 which is parallel to the reaction coordinate is populated, the degeneracy of the CI is readily lifted and H2CCCO+⋅ was formed via a relaxation pathway in the D0 state. Our calculated results clearly describe the photochemical intramolecular H transfer reaction reported in a recent study.
The Track‐by‐Day Method for Monitoring the Rodent Estrous Cycle
Authors: Raimondi Gianna M. , Tripp Rebecca , Ostroff Linnaea E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe exclusion of female subjects from preclinical neuroscience research has traditionally been justified in part by concerns about potential effects of cycling ovarian hormones on brain function. There is evidence that some behavioral and neurobiological measures do change over the estrous cycle and, as the use of female subjects becomes increasingly routine, there is a greater demand for accessible cycle‐tracking methods. Conventional estrous cycle staging requires expert training in the qualitative interpretation of vaginal cytology smears, which serves as a barrier for novice researchers. In addition, definitions and reporting practices are not standardized across laboratories, which makes it difficult to compare results across studies and likely contributes to a false perception of the cycle as ephemeral and inconsistent. Here, we describe a streamlined method for monitoring the estrous cycle in rats, which we term Track‐by‐Day. It is simple to implement and inherently produces consistent reporting. Our protocol should serve to demystify and facilitate adoption of cycle tracking for those new to the practice. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Collection and staining of vaginal smearsBasic Protocol 2: Track‐by‐Day classification of vaginal smearsSupport Protocol: Preparation of gelatin‐subbed slides
Multiple invasion trajectories induce niche dynamics inconsistency and increase risk uncertainty of a plant invader
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Zhu Min , Wan Yu , Liu Xiaofei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOur knowledge of how niche dynamic patterns respond to invasion trajectories and influence invasion risk prediction is elusive for the majority of notorious invaders, hindering scientific understanding, biosecurity planning and practice, and management implementation of biological invasions. We used Mikania micrantha, one of the world's worst invasive alien species (IAS), to test the hypothesis that multiple invasion trajectories could induce niche dynamics inconsistency and increase risk uncertainty of IAS. We compiled a robust database of M. micrantha occurrence across its native range in Central and South America and invaded range in China. This database was used to clarify different invaded ranges and invasion trajectories of M. micrantha in China. Principal components analysis of climatic variables associated with the database was used to explore the niche dynamic patterns associated with multiple invasion trajectories of M. micrantha. Maximum entropy algorithm was used to predict the high‐risk area of M. micrantha invasion using occurrence datasets for invaded ranges where niches remained conservative, and to detect area changes with the inclusion of occurrence datasets for invaded ranges where niche shifts occurred. M. micrantha invasion occurred in three geographically distinct regions, with conservative climate niches in southern and southeastern China and climatic niche shifts in southwestern China. A high‐risk area for M. micrantha invasion spanned multiple provinces and cities and expanded considerably with the inclusion of the occurrence dataset for southwestern China. Our findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of invasion mechanisms and the practical optimization of biosecurity planning and implementation.
Maternal dietary pattern and its association with birthweight in Northern Ethiopia: A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Weldegebriel Selamawit Gebreyohannes , Beyene Selemawit Asfaw , Tela Freweini Gebrearegay , Gufue Zenawi Hagos , Hailu Helen Teweldebrhan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBirthweight is a useful public health measure of maternal health, nutrition, healthcare delivery, and child morbidity and mortality. Previous research did not focus on dietary patterns but rather on a single or a few foods or nutrients. This study aimed to assess the maternal dietary pattern and its association with birthweight in northern Ethiopia. A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 373 pregnant mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy who came to attend their routine antenatal care service. The food frequency questionnaire was collected from the previous week, and the birthweight data were collected from the medical records after delivery. Three maternal dietary patterns were identified; dietary pattern includes eggs, milk, milk products, and certain fruits and roots. Dietary pattern 2 includes certain vegetables, green leafy vegetables, vitamin A‐rich vegetables, pulses such as beans, peas, and chickpeas, and drinks like coffee, tea, and soda. Dietary pattern 3 includes meat, nuts, and grains such as teff, corn, wheat, and white flour. Dietary pattern 1 (β = 52.45, p = .03) and dietary pattern 2 (β = 66.76, p = .01), residency (β = 287.08, p < .001), a mid‐upper‐arm circumference of 21–23 cm (β = 187.10, p = .02), a mid‐upper‐arm circumference of >23 cm (β = 272, p = .01), and gestational age at delivery (β = 12.58, p = .004) were the factors significantly associated with increased birthweight. The maternal dietary pattern has a significant association with birthweight. The focus should be given to maternal dietary patterns to prevent suboptimal and high birthweight.
Malignant Melanoma: Differential Diagnosis of the Pigmented Lesion
Authors: Perez Ileana R. , Fenske Neil A. , Brozena Stephen J. 
Published: April 2023

Familiarity with the clinical signs of malignant melanoma can result in earlier recognition and thus potentially decrease both patient morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, several cutaneous tumors, both benign and malignant, have clinical similarities to this neoplasm, often making the correct diagnosis difficult.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the clinical characteristics of the different types of malignant melanoma and those lesions that mimic this ominous malignancy. Furthermore, diagnostic clues to help delineate between these various pigmented lesions are provided.
Inflammation and hypertension: Underlying mechanisms and emerging understandings
Authors: Aboukhater Diana , Morad Bassel , Nasrallah Nadim , Nasser Suzanne A. , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Kobeissy Firas , Boudaka Ammar , Eid Ali H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypertension remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of global death. One of the major insults that drive increased blood pressure is inflammation. While it is the body's defensive response against some homeostatic imbalances, inflammation, when dysregulated, can be very deleterious. In this review, we highlight and discuss the causative relationship between inflammation and hypertension. We critically discuss how the interplay between inflammation and reactive oxygen species evokes endothelial damage and dysfunction, ultimately leading to narrowing and stiffness of blood vessels. This, along with phenotypic switching of the vascular smooth muscle cells and the abnormal increase in extracellular matrix deposition further exacerbates arterial stiffness and noncompliance. We also discuss how hyperhomocysteinemia and microRNA act as links between inflammation and hypertension. The premises we discuss suggest that the blue‐sky scenarios for targeting the underlying mechanisms of hypertension necessitate further research.
Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO3 piercing stylets in tardigrades
Authors: Massa Edoardo , Rebecchi Lorena , Guidetti Roberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong‐term environment acidifications due to decrease pH of the rainwaters affect both soils and water bodies. The organisms most likely to be affected by acid rain are the ones that possess vital organs made of calcium carbonate; among them are tardigrades, presenting aragonite piercing stylets in feeding apparatuses. A positive relationship between acidic rainfall and loss of tardigrades diversity has been already shown, but there is lack of knowledge of its lethal and sublethal effects. This study quantifies the effects of the acute exposure of three eutardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, Hypsibius exemplaris, and Macrobiotus cf. hufelandi, to synthetic acid rains and to organic and inorganic acids (hydrochloric, acetic, sulfuric, and nitric acids) naturally occurring in the environment. The cumulative proportion of dead animals in respect of exposition time was fitted to cumulative Weibull Distribution using a Bayesian framework. At the end of the experiments, animals were observed to investigate damages to their piercing stylets. Besides, stylets were finely morphologically described with Scanning Electron Microscopy. This study shows that acid rains and the other tested acids negatively affect tardigrades accordingly with pH, time of exposure, and tardigrade species. Freshwater species show a better resistance to acidity than the moss dwelling species, which can better acclimate over the time to low pH. The stylets resulted unaltered in almost all of the alive specimens. The results suggest that the tested tardigrades taxa have the ability to buffer the environmental proton change and the negative effect on their populations could be counteracted.
Associations of habitual glucosamine use with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and hospital admission and death with COVID‐19: Evidence from a large population based cohort study
Authors: Meng Meijun , Wu Yanjun , Sha Weihong , Zeng Ruijie , Luo Dongling , Jiang Rui , Wu Huihuan , Zhuo Zewei , Yang Qi , Li Jingwei , Leung Felix W. , Duan Chongyang , Feng Yuliang , Chen Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a fundamental number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Glucosamine was indicated to help prevent and control RNA virus infection preclinically, while its potential therapeutic effects on COVID‐19‐related outcomes are largely unknown. To assess the association of habitual glucosamine use with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, hospital admission, and mortality with COVID‐19 in a large population based cohort. Participants from UK Biobank were reinvited between June and September 2021 to have SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing. The associations between glucosamine use and the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were estimated by logistic regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COVID‐19‐related outcomes were calculated using COX proportional hazards model. Furthermore, we carried out propensity‐score matching (PSM) and stratified analyses. At baseline, 42 673 (20.7%) of the 205 704 participants reported as habitual glucosamine users. During median follow‐up of 1.67 years, there were 15 299 cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 4214 cases of COVID‐19 hospital admission, and 1141 cases of COVID‐19 mortality. The fully adjusted odds ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with glucosamine use was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92–1.01). The fully adjusted HR were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87) for hospital admission, and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.95) for mortality. The logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analyses after PSM yielded consistent results. Our study demonstrated that habitual glucosamine use is associated with reduced risks of hospital admission and death with COVID‐19, but not the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.