bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial strain assessment using cardiac computed tomography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hosokawa Takaaki , Kawakami Hiroshi , Tanabe Yuki , Fukuyama Naoki , Yoshida Kazuki , Ohara Kentaro , Kitamura Takuya , Kawaguchi Naoto , Kido Tomoyuki , Nagai Takayuki , Inoue Katsuji , Yamaguchi Osamu , Kido Teruhito 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate left atrial (LA) function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by LA strain assessment using cardiac computed tomography (CT-derived LA strain).

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective study of 34 patients with HCM and 31 non-HCM patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) using retrospective electrocardiogram-gated mode. CT images were reconstructed every 5% (0–95%) of the RR intervals. CT-derived LA strain (reservoir [LASr], conduit [LASc], and booster pump strain [LASp]) were semi-automatically analyzed using a dedicated workstation. We also measured the left atrial volume index (LAVI) and left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) for the left atrial and ventricular functional parameters to assess the relationship with CT-derived LA strain.

Results
CT-derived LA strain significantly correlated with LAVI: r = − 0.69, p < 0.001 for LASr; r = − 0.70, p < 0.001 for LASp; and r = − 0.35, p = 0.004 for LASc. CT-derived LA strain also significantly correlated with LVLS: r = − 0.62, p < 0.001 for LASr; r = − 0.67, p < 0.001 for LASc; and r = − 0.42, p = 0.013 for LASp. CT-derived LA strain in patients with HCM was significantly lower than that in non-HCM patients: LASr (20.8 ± 7.6 vs. 31.7 ± 6.1%, p < 0.001); LASc (7.9 ± 3.4 vs. 14.2 ± 5.3%, p < 0.001); and LASp (12.8 ± 5.7 vs. 17.6 ± 4.3%, p < 0.001). Additionally, CT-derived LA strain showed high reproducibility; inter-observer correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.90, and 0.89 for LASr, LASc, and LASp, respectively.

Conclusion
CT-derived LA strain is feasible for quantitative assessment of left atrial function in patients with HCM.
Heart Failure and Multimorbidity in Asia
Authors: Ang Nathalie , Chandramouli Chanchal , Yiu Kelvin , Lawson Claire , Tromp Jasper 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the Review

Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more comorbidities, is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and worsens clinical outcomes. In Asia, multimorbidity has become the norm rather than the exception. Therefore, we evaluated the burden and unique patterns of comorbidities in Asian patients with HF.

Recent Findings
Asian patients with HF are almost a decade younger than Western Europe and North American patients. However, over two in three patients have multimorbidity. Comorbidities usually cluster due to the close and complex links between chronic medical conditions. Elucidating these links may guide public health policies to address risk factors. In Asia, barriers in treating comorbidities at the patient, healthcare system and national level hamper preventative efforts.

Summary
Asian patients with HF are younger yet have a higher burden of comorbidities than Western patients. A better understanding of the unique co-occurrence of medical conditions in Asia can improve the prevention and treatment of HF.
Effect of Surfactant Type on Foaming Properties of Milk
Authors: Ho Thao M. , Tanzil Andre , Bhandari Bhesh R. , Bansal Nidhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe presence of low molecular weight surfactants is suspected as one of the causes of poorly foaming milk, as they can interfere with milk proteins in the formation and stabilization of foam. Here, we explore the effect of various surfactants on the foaming properties of reconstituted skim milk powders. Each surfactant is different in electrical charge and molecular weight, including cleaning O- and E-coded chemicals, Tween 80, sucrose stearate, sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, and lecithin. The results showed that surfactants had different effects on foamability, foam stability, and structure, due to their varied effects on milk properties (e.g., pH, zeta potential, and surface tension). E-coded chemicals and sucrose stearate markedly decreased milk foamability, while the impact of Tween 80 and lecithin was considered detrimental to foam stability, as they mostly induced the production of large air bubbles in the foam.
The (in)visibility of lost wax casting moulds in the archaeological record: observations from an archaeological experiment
Authors: Rose Thomas , Fabian Peter , Goren Yuval 
Published: February 2023

AbstractApart from mould and core remnants attached to metal objects from the Chalcolithic Southern Levant (ca. 4500–3800 BCE), production remains of early lost wax casting are seemingly invisible in the archaeological record. An experiment using reproduced casting moulds was performed to simulate the Chalcolithic processes to investigate whether the moulds might have deteriorated to an unrecognisable state after the casting process. Results from previous studies on mould remains attached to metal objects were complemented with ethnographical accounts for the experimental set-up. The moulds were prepared from local clays already in use during the Chalcolithic. Petrography, simple alteration tests, and general technological considerations reveal that preservation may be poor but is still visible to the naked eye. The preservation of multi-layered fragments is crucial, despite their friable or brittle state after casting. A further, previously unmentioned, clear indication of lost wax casting moulds may be the combination of vegetal temper with mineral/rock temper in their clay paste. This composition derives purely from technological considerations and is independent of depositional and post-depositional processes.
Diet Gut Microbiota Axis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence
Authors: Kunasegaran Thubasni , Balasubramaniam Vinod R. M. T. , Arasoo Valliammai Jayanthi Thirunavuk , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Ramadas Amutha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Although gut microbiota have been associated with the etiology of some diseases, the influence of foods on gut microbiota, especially among pregnant women, remains unclear. Hence, a systematic review was performed to investigate the association between diet and gut microbiota and their influence on metabolic health in pregnant women.

Recent Findings

We performed the systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 protocol to investigate the association between diet and gut microbiota and their influence on metabolic role in pregnant women. Five databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English since 2011. Two-staged screening of 659 retrieved records resulted in the inclusion of 10 studies. The collated findings suggested associations between nutrient intakes and four key microbes: Collinsella, Lachnospira, Sutterella, Faecalibacterium, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in pregnant women.

Summary

Dietary intakes in pregnancy were found to modify the gut microbiota and positively influence the cell metabolism in pregnant women. This review, however, emphasizes the importance of conducting well-designed prospective cohorts to investigate the role of changes in dietary intakes within the pregnancy and the influence of such changes on gut microbiota.
The influence of AAR coupler features on estimation of in-train forces
Authors: Yadav Om Prakash , Vyas Nalinaksh S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInadequate management of large in-train forces transferred through coupler systems of a railway train leads to running and structural failures of vehicles. Understanding these phenomena and their mitigation requires accurate estimation of relative motions and in-train forces between vehicle bodies. Previous numerical studies have ignored inertia of coupling elements and the impacts between couplers. Thus, existing models underestimate the additional dynamic variations in in-train forces. Detailed multi-body dynamic models of two AAR (Association of American Railroads) coupler systems used in passenger and freight trains are developed, incorporating coupler inertia and various slacks. Due to the modeling and simulation complexities involved in a full train model, with such details of coupler system, actual longitudinal train dynamics is not studied. A system comprising only two coupling units, inter-connecting two consecutive vehicles, is modeled. Considered system has been fixed at one end and an excitation force is applied at the other end, to mimic a relative force transmission through combined coupler system. Simulation results obtained from this representative system show that, noticeable influence in in-train forces are expected due to the combined effect of inertia of couplers and intermittent impacts between couplers in the slack regime. Maximum amplitude of longitudinal reaction force, transferred from draft gear housing to vehicle body, is expected to be significantly higher than that predicted using existing models of coupler system. It is also observed that the couplers and knuckles are subjected to significant longitudinal and lateral contact forces, due to the intermittent impacts between couplers. Thus, accurate estimation of draft gear reaction force and impact forces between couplers are essential to design vehicle and coupler components, respectively.
A High-Entropy B2 Heusler Alloy
Authors: Çakır Aslı , Acet Mehmet , Farle Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe properties of high-entropy alloys containing five or more elements show systematic evolutions with varying valence-electron concentration. This can allow them to be tailored to carry a particular feature or a property. We have prepared a six-component alloy (MnFeCoNiCu)$$_{75}$$

75

Al$$_{25}$$

25

, where MnFeCoNiCu makes up the high-entropy part with $$e/a=9.0$$

e
/
a
=
9.0

and the added 25 at.% Al causes the whole of the material to take up a B2-ordered structure with $$e/a=7.5$$

e
/
a
=
7.5

. Because the structure becomes ordered, the material partially loses its high-entropy character but acquires a ferromagnetic Heusler-like property with a Curie temperature of 525 K and an average magnetic moment of 0.8 $$\upmu _{\text {B}}$$

μ
B

. The whole of the system mimics Co$$_3$$

3

Al, which cannot be stabilized under normal conditions.
A method for determining the lift-to-drag
ratio of a propelled hang-glider
Authors: Wolf J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA method of determination of the wing lift-to-drag
ratio of a propelled hang-glider in steady, level
flight is described. The method requires a
relatively small number of flight parameters to be
measured. These measurements have been reduced
successfully to the tilt angle of the propelling
“trike”, i.e. a closed, wheeled, cabin hanging under
the wing, and to the force on the flying controls
only. The recording of these parameters and actual
flight speed and altitude is sufficient to
determine, after simple processing, the experimental
speed and drag polars of the wing. The method is
useful, in particular, for flexible wing research
and development and allows quick aerodynamic
tests.
Technical Note
Authors: Hassenpflug W. C. 
Published: February 2023

Two-dimensional potential flow expressed by means of
the complex potential function uses Euler
coordinates, i.e. a fixed point approach. However,
there are many cases where the identical particle
time is required, for example the settling time of
suspended particles, heat convection (because in
incompressible potential flow the heat and flow
equations are uncoupled), and dispersion of fluid
particles due to distortion.In real variables the differential equation for the
Lagrange time is generally too complicated because
it involves two coordinates as functions of time. In
the following a differential equation of single
complex variable is derived.
The aerodynamics of the compound helicopter
configuration
Authors: Bühler M. , Newman S. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA computational method has been developed to
investigate the aerodynamic interaction between a
helicopter rotor and the fuselage in steady-state
level forward flight. In order to model a compound
helicopter the fuselage is fitted with wings. The
model uses deformable vortex rings for the rotor
wake, a source panel representation of the fuselage
and a lifting surface method for the wings which can
handle arbitrary geometries. The wake representation
is based on a free wake analysis, relaxing the nodal
points on the vortex rings and wing wake elements
according to the induced velocities in the flow
field after every time step. In this way, neither
wake is restricted to planar shape. At each time
step the fuselage and wing forces were calculated.
The trim attitude of the fuselage was determined by
the pressure field surrounding it using a potential
flow model for the external flow and a fully
developed turbulent boundary layer model on the
fuselage surface. Parametric studies were carried
out to determine the influence of wing position,
wing span, wing angle of incidence and advance ratio
on the results. The computer program incorporates a
graphical postprocessing output routine allowing the
visualisation of the wake shape, the induced
velocity and the angles of incidence on the rotor
disc to be made, together with the velocities at
various wing stations and the lift coefficients
along the span.
The boundary layer on a flat plate in
hypervelocity flow
Authors: Mallinson S. G. , Gai S. L. , Mudford N. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe high enthalpy and high Mach number effects on flat
plate boundary layer flow are examined. In
particular, the behaviour of the density profile
under high enthalpy, real gas conditions is
considered. Mach-Zehnder interferograms of the flow
over a flat plate are analysed using a
two-dimensional Fourier transform procedure in order
to obtain the density field. The comparison between
theory and experiment is only fair. It must be
pointed out, however, that the real gas effects on
the density profiles were found to be small.
Estimation of the velocity boundary layer thickness
as obtained from a measurement of the thermal
boundary layer thickness is seen to compare well
with a theoretical prediction.
The influence on optimal structural designs
of the modelling processes and design
concepts
Authors: Anastasiadis P. T. , Morris A. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper examines the influence on optimal structural
designs of changing the finite element selection,
the structural design criteria and the design
concepts for an unmanned air-vehicle wing. Thus,
single and twin-spar designs are considered with a
number of composite design configurations. The
results indicate that some of the design criteria
have little influence on the optimal designs whilst
finite element selection can be significant.
On the effect of a swept-wing–plate
junction flow on the lift and drag
Authors: Bernstein L. , Hamid S. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryMeasurements have been made of the surface pressure
distributions in the region of the junction between
an untapered wing, of NACA 0015 section swept back
at 20°, and a flat plate on which a turbulent
boundary layer had developed, for several values of
wing incidence. It is shown that the section lift
coefficient of the wing diminishes, while the
pressure drag coefficient increases, as the junction
is approached. Oil-flow visualisations on the plate
surface show the passage of the horseshoe-like
vortex which forms when the retarded boundary layer
flow separates as it approaches the leading-edge of
the junction. Kinks in the isobars on the plate
correlate with the trailing “legs” of this vortex.
The surface flow visualisations also show that the
turbulence in the junction region spreads onto the
wing from the leading edge at an angle of about
10°.A rotatable X-wire anemometer was used to make
measurements of the mean velocity field and of five
components of the Reynolds stress tensor, in the
wake of the junction, with the wing at incidences of
0° and 9°. Log-law (Clauser) plots were used with
the profiles Ū(Y) of longitudinal
velocity to estimate the skin friction coefficient
on the plate, though adjustments of the zero for
Y were necessary to obtain a
sensible fit. These corrections were often larger
than can be readily explained, but the skin-friction
values are consistent with the corresponding,
measured velocity correlation, . The Reynolds stresses in
the wake region clearly show that the horseshoe-like
vortex legs persist beyond the trailing-edge of the
wing, the turbulence intensity being larger on the
suction side for the wing at incidence.Average values of the skin-friction coefficient on the
plate in the junction region are little different
from those away from the junction. No corresponding
information is available for the skin-friction on
the wing, but if this is likewise unaffected by the
junction, then the total drag of the junction region
will be greater than the sum of those of the
isolated parts, simply because of the increase in
pressure drag.
An overview of the Boeing 777 high lift
aerodynamic design
Authors: B. N. Nield  
Published: February 2023

Abstract The process of designing the Boeing 777 high lift
system is described. Particular attention is given
to design constraints and examples are given of the
trade studies completed. The theoretical design
tools and experimental test program are described. A
survey of the high lift elements is presented and
flight test results are compared with
predictions.
Dynamic stall vortex convection: thoughts
on compressibility effects
Authors: Green R. B. , Galbraith R. A. McD. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the convection of the dynamic
stall vortex. A brief discussion of existing data is
given. A comparison of two sets of data from
different experimental facilities is then presented,
and it is indicated that an important anomaly exists
concerning the behaviour of the dynamic stall
vortex. It emerges that freestream Mach number is
the only parameter that can account for the observed
differences. The importance of this parameter is
then discussed in the context of vorticity flux from
the aerofoil surface.
Comparison of numerical and experimental
drag measurement in hypervelocity
flow
Authors: Smith A. L. , Johnston I. A. , Austin K. J. 
Published: February 2023

In planning interplanetary missions which involve an
aerobraking manoeuvre, it is necessary to make
accurate predictions of the aerodynamic drag acting
on a vehicle during its descent. Of interest to the
authors is the Nasa initiative for exploration of
Mars and its atmosphere. The Mars Pathfinder is a
probe that is expected to enter the Martian
atmosphere at a relative velocity of approximately
7.6 kms-1;. The forebody of this vehicle
is based on a 70° blunted cone and is typical of
aerobraking designs.In this note, a comparison is made between experimental
and numerical techniques for predicting drag in
hypervelocity flow. Three different models were
examined in this study: a 30° sharp cone; an Apollo
heat shield; and a Viking heat shield. A relatively
simple analytical result for the drag on a cone
provides a convenient reference for both the
experimental and numerical results. The two heat
shields are typical of those used for interplanetary
exploration, such as the Mars Pathfinder. Our aim is
to give an example of how computational fluid
dynamics can be used in conjunction with experiments
to obtain information about the hypervelocity flow
about re-entry vehicles.
Space: towards the next
millennium
Authors: Williamson M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe space industry of the late 20th century is not
simply a subset of the aerospace industry: it is a
producer, an employer and a wealth creator in its
own right. This paper reviews the current state of
the art in space technology by analysing the
development of an industry which produces both a
wide variety of spacecraft and the launch vehicles
which deliver them to orbit. In doing so, it
considers the application of spacecraft for
communications, navigation. Earth observation and
science, as well as their application to manned
space flight.By considering some of the problems that need to be
solved in order to develop the field beyond its
current state, the paper then looks forward to the
developments in these areas expected in the 21st
century. The interrelated development of
international co-operation — as opposed to political
competition — and the rise of space
commercialisation is considered throughout.
Submesoscale Effects on Changes to Export Production Under Global Warming
Authors: Brett Genevieve Jay , Whitt Daniel B , Long Matthew C , Bryan Frank O. , Feloy Kate , Richards Kelvin J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine the effects of the submesoscale in mediating the response to projected warming of phytoplankton new production and export using idealized biogeochemical tracers in a high‐resolution regional model of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain region of the North Atlantic. We quantify submesoscale effects by comparing our control run to an integration in which submesoscale motions have been suppressed using increased viscosity. Annual new production is slightly reduced by submesoscale motions in a climate representative of the early 21st‐century and slightly increased by submesoscale motions in a climate representative of the late 21st‐century. The warmer climate at the end of the 21st century reduces resolved submesoscale activity by a factor of 2–3. Resolving the submesoscale, however, does not strongly impact the projected reduction in annual production under representative warming. Organic carbon export from the surface ocean includes both direct sinking of detritus (the biological gravitational pump) and advective transport mediated pathways; the sinking component is larger than advectively mediated vertical transport by up to an order of magnitude across a wide range of imposed sinking rates. The submesoscales are responsible for most of the advective carbon export, however, which is thus largely reduced in a warmer climate. In summary, our results demonstrate that resolving more of the submesoscale has a modest effect on present‐day new production, a small effect on simulated reductions in new production under global warming, and a large effect on advectively mediated export fluxes.
Upper Crustal Structure of Superfast‐Spread Oceanic Crust Exposed at the Pito Deep Rift: Implications for Seafloor Spreading
Authors: Karson J. A. , Chutas L. A. , Hayman N. W. , Hey R. N. , Horst A. J. , Hurst S. D. , Klein E. M. , Naar D. F. , Varga R. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA tectonic window into the upper 2,000 m of oceanic crust generated at the superfast spreading (∼142 mm/yr) southern East Pacific Rise exposes a continuous layered structure of basaltic lavas and sheeted dikes over gabbroic rocks. This relatively simple structure is in accord with expectations for crustal accretion at a very fast spreading rate and high magma budget where magmatic construction keeps pace with plate separation. Detailed observations show that basaltic lava flows dip progressively more steeply inward (toward the spreading axis where they were erupted). Underlying sheeted dikes are faulted and tectonically rotated to dip steeply outward. These structures are interpreted in terms of subsidence beneath the axis of the southern East Pacific Rise during crustal construction that allowed the lava unit to thicken to >400 m without creating comparable relief at the spreading center. Transitional units above and below the sheeted dike complex show that the thickness of upper crustal rock units is modified by tectonic and intrusive processes during accretion. The crustal structure shows that even approaching the superfast spreading end‐member of seafloor spreading, crustal accretion involves dramatic tectonic processes that are not obvious from the surface geology of spreading centers.