bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The School Environment and Physical and Social‐Emotional Well‐Being: Implications for Students and School Employees
Authors: Hawkins Georgianne Tiu , Chung Chloe S. , Hertz Marci F. , Antolin Noehealani 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe school environment, consisting of the physical environment and social‐emotional climate (SEC), plays a crucial role in both student and employee health; however, there is a lack of recent literature synthesizing school environment interventions in K‐12 settings. We describe updated evidence about school environment interventions to support K‐12 student and employee health in the United States.MethodsA 2‐phase search included a review of reviews (2010‐2018), followed by a search for individual articles (2010‐2020) that targeted school physical environment and/or SEC to address physical activity (PA) and/or nutrition. We also investigated how nutrition and PA interventions with an SEC component improves social‐emotional and/or mental health outcomes. Because research on dietary and PA behaviors for school employees is limited; we included studies on other worksites (eg, hospitals and offices) to provide insight for school employees.FindingsWe identified 40 articles describing 40 unique studies and 45 interventions and grouped them by intervention type. Physical environment interventions demonstrated significant and positive nutrition and PA behavioral outcomes for students; outcomes among employees were mixed. Interventions with SEC components reported improvements in some mental health outcomes.ImplicationsThe school environment can affect dietary and PA behaviors as well as mental health for students and employees.ConclusionsEstablishing healthy school environments can support student and employee PA, dietary behaviors, and mental health.
Personal emergency response systems and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the United States
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPersonal Emergency Response Systems (PERS) are electronic medical alert devices that help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) receive assistance in emergencies. According to research on older adults, PERS improve health outcomes, provide people with a sense of security and peace of mind, promote independence, and prevent institutionalization. The aim of this study was to examine if, and how, states provided PERS to people with IDD in their Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) waiver programs in fiscal year (FY) 2021. To do so, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed HCBS data on participant services and cost‐neutrality demonstrations to examine thematic trends in how and why states offered PERS, as well as total unduplicated participants, total projected spending, projected spending per participant, reimbursement rates, and annual service provision per participant. In FY 2021, 42 waivers (39.25%) from 25 states and the District of Columbia (57.78%) projected spending $9.87 million on PERS services for 9538 people with IDD. PERS services included the installation of devices (77.78%), monthly service fees (73.61%), equipment maintenance (44.44%), and training of people with IDD or their caregivers about the equipment (41.67%). States said they provided PERS in order to prevent institutionalization (23.61%), promote independence (16.67%), and maximize mobility (11.11%). Given the potential benefits for independent living, independence, and reducing costs, as well as the disparities unearthed in this study, we believe states should expand how they provide PERS to people with IDD in HCBS and do so in a more consistent manner. This may be especially beneficial as PERS can be cost‐prohibitive for many people with IDD, who frequently live in poverty, and HCBS reimbursement for technology is the top barrier to implementing technology according to IDD providers.
Advancements and hurdles of deeper‐offshore aquaculture in China
Authors: Dong Shuang‐Lin , Dong Yun‐Wei , Huang Liu‐Yi , Zhou Yan‐Gen , Cao Ling , Tian Xiang‐Li , Han Li‐Min , Li Da‐Hai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpen offshore areas boast strong physical self‐purification capacity and abundant non‐fossil energy resources, such as wind, waves, and solar energy. Consequently, the global community anticipates nearshore aquaculture to transition towards offshore to help increase production, alleviate eutrophication, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To date, China has constructed over 40 sets of deeper‐offshore aquaculture (DOA) infrastructures, encompassing various types of pens, cages and closed containment systems. Although DOA holds vast potential to address food security and aquaculture sustainability in China, its current development trajectory struggles to meet those goals and primarily achieves profitability by focusing on high‐value species or products. For DOA to realize its potential, innovative production systems must tackle three key contradictions: enterprise profitability versus product affordability, clean energy‐based products versus carbon‐intensive products, and automated operation versus re‐employment of coastal fish farmers. Resolving these contradictions requires the development of a large‐scale, anti‐typhoon offshore enclosure that integrates mariculture with other industries, such as wind farming, food processing, and tourism. This approach will foster a sustainable balance between profitability, environmental impact, and employment opportunities in the sector.
Understanding the regulator–regulatee relationship for developing safety culture
Authors: Willis Sara , Holman David , Clarke Sharon , Hartwig Angelique 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRegulatory authorities in safety‐critical industries typically seek to influence the safety culture of the organizations they oversee. However, we know little about how regulatory authorities achieve this influence (e.g., what roles are adopted, relationship characteristics) and, more generally, about how external actors shape an organization's safety culture. Using a qualitative design in the nuclear industry, we developed our conceptual and empirical understanding of the roles through which a regulator influences the safety culture of their regulated organizations and what characteristics within the regulator–regulatee relationship facilitate positive safety culture developments. Data were collected through interviews with inspectors from a nuclear regulator and employees of regulated nuclear organizations, and from an inspection of regulatory documents. The findings identified that the regulator was perceived to hold three complementary roles for safety culture development: being an enforcer, working as a partner (providing opportunities for licenseholders to improve beyond compliance), and acting as an advisor to regulated organizations. Analysis also showed that effective relationships in these roles, and which were central to influencing safety culture, were perceived to be characterized by professionalism, transparency, and balance between formal enforcement and informal exchange. Theoretical implications to advance conceptualizations of safety culture as well as practical implications for risk regulators are discussed.
The Deflection Limit of Slab-Like Topologically Interlocked Structures
Authors: Ullmann Silvan , Kammer David S. , Feldfogel Shai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Topologically interlocked structures (TIS) are structural assemblies that achieve stability and carrying capacity through the geometric arrangement of interlocking blocks, relying solely on contact and friction forces for load transfer. Unlike beam-like TIS, whose deflection never exceeds the height of the blocks, the deflection of slab-like TIS often does. Yet, the upper limit of deflection of slab-like TIS, a key parameter defining their loading energy capacity, remains unexplored. Here, we establish a theoretical upper bound for the deflection capacity of slab-like TIS and outline a systematic design strategy to approach this upper bound. This strategy is based on engineering the contact interfaces such that the non-central blocks are more engaged in the structural response, leading to a more global and holistic deformation mode with higher deflections. We demonstrate the application of this strategy in a numerical case study on a typical slab-like TIS and show that it leads to an increase in deflection by a factor of 3.5, yielding a value closer to the upper bound than previously reported in the literature. We find that the resulting deflection mode engages all the blocks equally, avoids localized sliding modes, and resembles that of monolithic equivalents. Lastly, we show that the strategy not only maximizes TIS’ deflection capacity but also their loading energy capacity.
Social Supports and Barriers for Older Adults Not Participating in Group Physical Activity
Authors: Morrison Lindsay , McDonough Meghan H. , Hewson Jennifer , Toohey Ann , Din Cari , Kenny Sarah J. 
Published: September 2023

Group physical activity can provide physical and social benefits; however, social barriers or a lack of social support may affect participation. This study examined social-support needs and barriers among older adults who were not participating in group physical activities. Using interpretive description, semistructured interviews were conducted with 38 older adults (M = 70.9 years; 81.6% women). Themes were grouped into two categories. Category 1, expectations and initial impressions, consisted of the following: (a) Groups cannot meet everyone’s expectations or interests, (b) groups are intimidating to join, and (c) the need for inclusive programming. Category 2, social processes within group physical activity, consisted of (a) modeling physical activity behaviors, (b) sharing information and suggestions about physical activity opportunities, and (c) encouragement and genuine interest. Outreach to this population should aim to address these barriers and utilize these supportive behaviors to reduce feelings of intimidation and promote participation among older adults.
Treatment pathways, switches, and inappropriate treatment during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: real-world experiences from a global research network study
Authors: Henao-Martínez Andrés F. , Chastain Daniel B. , Thompson George R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Despite advancements in diagnosing and treating invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), there is limited knowledge of real-world treatment pathways and medication switches. We queried the TrinetX global research network database and identified 5,410 patients diagnosed with IPA. The most common initial treatments were voriconazole (49%), fluconazole (11%), and posaconazole (7%). Most patients remained on voriconazole (80%) or isavuconazole (78%) throughout the treatment duration. Switches were more frequent for those initially treated with fluconazole, echinocandins, or posaconazole.
Single-cell mass distributions reveal simple rules for achieving steady-state growth
Authors: Roller Benjamin R. K. , Hellerschmied Cathrine , Wu Yanqi , Miettinen Teemu P. , Gomez Annika L. , Manalis Scott R. , Polz Martin F. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Optical density is a proxy of total biomass concentration and is commonly used for measuring the growth of bacterial cultures. However, there is a misconception that exponential optical density growth is equivalent to steady-state population growth. Many cells comprise a culture and individuals can differ from one another. Hallmarks of steady-state population growth are stable frequency distributions of cellular properties over time, something total biomass growth alone cannot quantify. Using single-cell mass sensors paired with optical density measurements, we explore when steady-state population growth prevails in typical batch cultures. We find the average cell mass of
Escherichia coli
and
Vibrio cyclitrophicus
growing in several media increases by 0.5–1 orders of magnitude within a few hours of inoculation, and that time-invariant mass distributions are only achieved for short periods when cultures are inoculated with low initial biomass concentrations from overnight cultures. These species achieve an effective steady-state after approximately 2.5–4 total biomass doublings in rich media, which can be decomposed to 1 doubling of cell number and 1.5–3 doublings of average cell mass. We also show that typical batch cultures in rich media depart steady-state early in their growth curves at low cell and biomass concentrations. Achieving steady-state population growth in batch culture is a delicate balancing act, so we provide general guidance for commonly used rich media. Quantifying single-cell mass outside of steady-state population growth is an important first step toward understanding how microbes grow in their natural context, where fluctuations pervade at the scale of individuals.

IMPORTANCE
Microbiologists have watched clear liquid turn cloudy for over 100 years. While the cloudiness of a culture is proportional to its total biomass, growth rates from optical density measurements are challenging to interpret when cells change size. Many bacteria adjust their size at different steady-state growth rates, but also when shifting between starvation and growth. Optical density cannot disentangle how mass is distributed among cells. Here, we use single-cell mass measurements to demonstrate that a population of cells in batch culture achieves a stable mass distribution for only a short period of time. Achieving steady-state growth in rich medium requires low initial biomass concentrations and enough time for individual cell mass accumulation and cell number increase via cell division to balance out. Steady-state growth is important for reliable cell mass distributions and experimental reproducibility. We discuss how mass variation outside of steady-state can impact physiology, ecology, and evolution experiments.
Complete genome sequences of cluster G1 and cluster K4
Mycobacterium smegmatis
phages omnicritical and Barkley26
Authors: Sali Ojas , Patel Dave M. , Ortega Michaelangelo C. , Han Sydnee , Esperanza Gonzales Hanford Gerille , Haneefzai Omar Sulaiman , Herrera Carlos , Kim Jireh , Knoles Brooke , Lopez Abigail , Richardson Justin Aaron , Roach David Andres , Vergonia-Fehlman Maxene , Vincent Jessica , Yim Sang Ho , Cutter Leo I. C. , Strong Christy , Tsourkas Philippos K. , Regner Kurt 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the complete genome sequence of two Actinobacteriophages, OmniCritical and Barkley26, isolated in Clark County, NV. Over two semesters, The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) students isolated and purified phages and manually annotated the genomes. The courses follow the HHMI Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Sciences (SEA-PHAGES) curricula.
A combined transcriptomic and physiological approach to understanding the adaptive mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress in
Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Park Jiyeun , Lee Hyun-Hee , Moon Heeji , Lee Nahyun , Kim Sieun , Kim Jung-Eun , Lee Yoonji , Min Kyunghun , Kim Hun , Choi Gyung Ja , Lee Yin-Won , Seo Young-Su , Son Hokyoung 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

In plant-pathogen interactions, oxidative bursts are crucial for plants to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Rapid production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species kill pathogens directly and cause local cell death, preventing pathogens from spreading to adjacent cells. Meanwhile, the pathogens have developed several mechanisms to tolerate oxidative stress and successfully colonize plant tissues. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for resistance to oxidative stress by analyzing the transcriptomes of six oxidative stress-sensitive strains of the plant pathogenic fungus
Fusarium graminearum
. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several pathways related to oxidative stress responses, including the DNA repair system, autophagy, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We also identified hub genes with high intramodular connectivity in key modules and generated deletion or conditional suppression mutants. Phenotypic characterization of those mutants showed that the deletion of
FgHGG4
,
FgHGG10
, and
FgHGG13
caused sensitivity to oxidative stress, and further investigation on those genes revealed that transcriptional elongation and DNA damage responses play roles in oxidative stress response and pathogenicity. The suppression of
FgHGL7
also led to hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, and we demonstrated that
FgHGL7
plays a crucial role in heme biosynthesis and is essential for peroxidase activity. This study increases the understanding of the adaptive mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress in plant pathogenic fungi.

IMPORTANCE

Fungal pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to overcome host-derived stresses for successful infection. Oxidative stress is a representative defense system induced by the host plant, and fungi have complex response systems to cope with it.
Fusarium graminearum
is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi, and understanding its pathosystem is crucial for disease control. In this study, we investigated adaptive mechanisms for coping with oxidative stress at the transcriptome level using oxidative stress-sensitive strains. In addition, by introducing genetic modification technique such as CRISPR-Cas9 and the conditional gene expression system, we identified pathways/genes required for resistance to oxidative stress and also for virulence. Overall, this study advances the understanding of the oxidative stress response and related mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi.
Lineage classification and antitubercular drug resistance surveillance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by whole-genome sequencing in Southern India
Authors: Rao Mahadev , Wollenberg Kurt , Harris Michael , Kulavalli Shrivathsa , Thomas Levin , Chawla Kiran , Shenoy Vishnu Prasad , Varma Muralidhar , Saravu Kavitha , Hande H. Manjunatha , Shanthigrama Vasudeva Chidananda Sanju , Jeffrey Brendan , Gabrielian Andrei , Rosenthal Alex 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing has created a revolution in tuberculosis management by providing a comprehensive picture of the various genetic polymorphisms with unprecedented accuracy. Studies mapping genomic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
using a whole-genome sequencing approach from high tuberculosis burden countries are underrepresented. We report whole-genome sequencing results of 242 clinical isolates of culture-confirmed
M. tuberculosis
isolates from tuberculosis patients referred to a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates in our study belonged to five different lineages, with Indo-Oceanic (lineage 1,
n
= 122) and East-African Indian (lineage 3,
n
= 80) being the most prevalent. We report several mutations in genes conferring resistance to first and second line antitubercular drugs including the genes
rpoB
,
katG
,
ahpC
,
inhA
,
fabG1
,
embB
,
pncA
,
rpsL
,
rrs
, and
gyrA
. The majority of these mutations were identified in relatively high proportions in lineage 1. Our study highlights the utility of whole-genome sequencing as a potential supplemental tool to the existing genotypic and phenotypic methods, in providing expedited comprehensive surveillance of mutations that may be associated with antitubercular drug resistance as well as lineage characterization of
M. tuberculosis
isolates. Further larger-scale whole-genome datasets with linked minimum inhibition concentration testing are imperative for resolving the discrepancies between whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic drug sensitivity testing results and quantifying the level of the resistance associated with the mutations for optimization of antitubercular drug and precise dose selection in clinics.

IMPORTANCE

Studies mapping genetic heterogeneity of clinical isolates of
M. tuberculosis
for determining their strain lineage and drug resistance by whole-genome sequencing are limited in high tuberculosis burden settings. We carried out whole-genome sequencing of 242
M. tuberculosis
isolates from drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis patients, identified and collected as part of the TB Portals Program, to have a comprehensive insight into the genetic diversity of
M. tuberculosis
in Southern India. We report several genetic variations in
M. tuberculosis
that may confer resistance to antitubercular drugs. Further wide-scale efforts are required to fully characterize
M. tuberculosis
genetic diversity at a population level in high tuberculosis burden settings for providing precise tuberculosis treatment.
Supplemental Material: Svalbox Digital Model Database: A geoscientific window into the High Arctic
Authors: Betlem Peter , al. et 
Published: September 2023

<p>Table S1: Svalbox Digital Model Database digital outcrop models (DOMs) and identifiers. Table S2: Svalbox Digital Model Database metadata parameters, values, and descriptors. Table S3: Additional details for the framework schematic provided in Figure 3 and steps on how to recreate the Svalbox Digital Model Database elsewhere. </p>
Case of split notochord syndrome: a neonate with thoracic neuroenteric cyst, abdominal duodenal duplication cyst, malrotation and vertebral anomalies
Authors: Obeida Alaa , Mota Ana , Kayani Riaz , Agrawal Shruti , Aslam Adil 
Published: September 2023

The authors describe a case of a male neonate with split notochord syndrome presenting with cervico-thoracic deformity, thoracic neuroenteric cyst, separate abdominal duodenal duplication cyst and concurrent intestinal malrotation. This combination of abnormalities is very rare. When these lesions are suspected, patients must be investigated carefully.This case is presented not only to recount an infrequent combination of structural abnormalities but also to raise awareness of the signs that should point to clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis.Following surgical excision of the thoracic neuroenteric cyst, the patient has made a good recovery.
Oral cladribine treatment and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rakers Florian , Fritsch Almut , Herrmann Andreas , Tannapfel Andrea , Schwab Matthias 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundOral cladribine (OC) is approved for the treatment of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis. Postmarketing safety assessments have reported rare, but occasionally severe cases of liver injury in temporal association with OC, with pathophysiologic mechanisms still unknown. In the only detailed case report on this topic, idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) during OC treatment was well characterised for the first time, but occurred in the context of prior high-dose steroid exposure. Although high-dose steroids are known to induce iDILI in patients with multiple sclerosis with a delay of up to 12 weeks, OC was assumed to be the culprit agent for observed liver injury and the role of steroid exposure was not further investigated.CaseHerein, we describe a case of a 35-year-old women treated with high-dose oral prednisolone during the first treatment cycle OC and subsequently developed iDILI. A causality assessment of the role of prednisolone and OC was performed using the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method which also included a negative re-exposure test for OC during the second OC treatment cycle 1 year later.ConclusionOur observations suggest that prednisolone or interactions between prednisolone and OC are more likely to foster development of iDILI rather than OC treatment itself.