bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of meat analogs: Focus on the current status and challenges of regulatory legislation
Authors: Zhang Kaihua , Zang Mingwu , Wang Shouwei , Zhang Zheqi , Li Dan , Li Xiaoman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPopulation growth and the rising enthusiasm for meat consumption in developing countries have increased the global demand for animal protein. The limited increase in traditional meat production, which results in high resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and zoonotic diseases, has affected the sustainable supply of meat protein. The technological development and commercialization of meat analogs derived from plant and microbial proteins provide a strategy for solving the abovementioned problems. However, before these innovative foods are marketed, they should comply with regulations and standards to ensure food safety and consumer rights. This review briefly summarizes the global development status and challenges of plant‐ and fungi‐based meat analog products. It focuses on the current status, characteristics, and disputes in the regulations and standards worldwide for plant‐ and fungi‐based meat analogs and proposes suggestions for perfecting the regulatory system from the perspective of ensuring safety and supporting innovation. Although plant‐ and fungi‐based meat analogs have had a history of safe usage as foods for a certain period around the world, the nomenclature and product standards are uncertain, which affects product innovation and global sales. Regulatory authorities should promptly formulate and revise regulations or standards to clarify the naming of meat analogs and product standards, especially the use of animal‐derived ingredients and limits of nutrients (e.g., protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals) to continuously introduce start‐up products to the market.
The effects of virtual reality‐based exercise in adults receiving haemodialysis treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Yangöz Şefika Tuğba , Turan Kavradım Selma , Özer Zeynep 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the effects of virtual reality‐based exercise on physical function, depression symptoms and quality of life in adults receiving haemodialysis. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 3. The random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to pool intervention effects. A total of five studies were included. The majority of included studies compared intervention with passive control group. This meta‐analysis showed with a moderate to high quality of evidence that virtual reality‐based exercise has positive medium effect on improving physical function such as gait speed (g = .40, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.81), sit to stand 10 times (g = −.41, 95% CI −0.825 to −0.009), sit to stand in 60 s (g = .56, 95% CI 0.151 to 0.974), 6‐min walk test (g = .66, 95% CI 0.247 to 1.079), not affect time up and go and sit to stand five times. The study indicated with moderate quality of evidence that virtual reality‐based exercise had no effect on depression symptoms. The study also showed with a moderate quality of evidence that the intervention had a positive medium effect on improving physical function (g = .64, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.09). In conclusion, virtual reality‐based exercise can be performed to improve physical function and quality of life of adults receiving haemodialysis for health professionals.
Effects of grazing versus mowing on the vegetation of wet grasslands in the northern Pre‐Alps, Switzerland
Authors: Reutimann Pascal , Billeter Regula , Dengler Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuestionWet grasslands are among the most threatened habitats in Central Europe and are subject to loss of their unique species assemblages. Grazing and mowing are important conservation management tools for such semi‐natural habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of grazing and mowing on the diversity and species composition of wet grassland vegetation.LocationMontane wet grasslands in the Gantrisch Nature Park, Switzerland.MethodsWe sampled 18 pairs of vegetation plots along land‐use borders between grazing and mowing (fence‐line contrasts), distributed over six fens, mostly belonging to the phytosociological alliance Calthion palustris. We tested for differences in structural parameters, biodiversity indices, mean ecological indicator values and the frequency of individual species. In addition, a detrended correspondence analysis was carried out.ResultsManagement type had no influence on species richness, Shannon index or Shannon evenness. Maximum microrelief, vegetation height, mean nutrient indicator value and mean competitive strategy were significantly higher with grazing, whereas the mean aeration indicator value and the mean ruderal strategy were significantly higher with mowing. Cirsium oleraceum, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale and Juncus effusus, species of nutrient‐rich wet meadows, were more frequent under grazing, whereas mowing favoured grassland species with wide ecological amplitude, such as Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium pratense.ConclusionsAt the plot scale, vascular plant diversity did not differ between these management regimes. Thus, from the conservation point of view, in the study region, there is no clear preference for either management type, and both should be eligible for subsidies. At the landscape scale, it is beneficial to have both management types present to ensure high gamma‐diversity, as they favour different species.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the other‐‘race’ effect: An attempt at integrating different perspectives
Authors: Stelter Marleen , Schweinberger Stefan R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough different human races do not exist from the perspective of biology and genetics, ascribed ‘race’ influences psychological processing, such as memory and perception of faces. Research from this Special Issue, as well as a wealth of previous research, shows that other‐‘race’ faces are more difficult to recognize compared to own‐‘race’ faces, a phenomenon known as the other‐‘race’ effect. Theories of expertise attribute the cause of the other‐‘race’ effect to less efficient visual representations of other‐‘race’ faces, which results from reduced visual expertise with other‐‘race’ faces compared to own‐‘race’ faces due to limited contact with individuals from other ‘racial’ groups. By contrast, social‐cognitive accounts attribute the cause of the other‐‘race’ effect to reduced motivation to individuate other‐‘race’ faces compared to own‐‘race’ faces. Evidence for both types of theories is still mixed, but progress in understanding the phenomenon has also been hampered by the fact that there has been little crosstalk between these accounts, which tend to be rooted in separate domains of experimental perception science and social psychology, respectively. To promote an integrative perspective on current knowledge on own‐ versus other‐‘race’ face processing, the present Special Issue bridges different psychological subdisciplines, showcasing research using a large variety of methodological approaches and measures. In this guest editorial, we briefly highlight individual contributions to this Special Issue and offer what we see as important avenues for future research on the other‐‘race’ effect.
Evolving Praxis in Design Management: The transdisciplinary trajectory
Authors: Miller Christine Z , Palsikar Sanika , Spears Jenessa Mae 
Published: December 2022

Design has transitioned from its traditional object‐focus to an orientation toward human‐centered design. With this shift, the complexity of design processes, products, deliverables, and artifacts has advanced to acknowledge and honor their impact on human activities and systems across the planet. As design practice has evolved, designers have searched beyond their field for tools, theoretical frameworks, and approaches developed by practitioners from other disciplines that allow for a deeper understanding of the environments and networks in which human and non‐human actors engage. Many designers, including design managers, have adopted anthropology's long‐standing tradition of balancing systems‐level, holistic research with place‐based and deeply contextual inquiry. Over time numerous. sub‐fields within design have emerged to address changing conditions, such as the increasingly strategic role of design within organizations. Design Management (DM) “encompasses the ongoing processes, business decisions, and strategies that enable innovation and create effectively‐designed products, services, communications, environments, and brands that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success” (Design Management Institute, 2022). Over time DM has embraced transdisciplinarity. It is a prime example and leader in this trend.This paper examines the confluence of theory and methods across the disciplines, specifically Design and Anthropology. Both fields are continuously adapting to accelerating and unpredictable conditions in systems that span industry sectors, economies, socio‐cultural groups, and physical and virtual geographies. It is not surprising there is an increasing confluence and, at the same time, tension and defensiveness in an effort to remain “pure”. However, individuals from both fields have found ways of mixing, integrating, experimenting, and evolving theory and new forms of practice. We will draw on specific, an original transdisciplinary project from practice that will elucidate this tension as well as emerging opportunities. We will argue the weaving of the two fields offers an opportunity to more intentionally put this knowledge into practice and uphold the shared ethical imperative to “do some good” while creating environments that sustain good work. The confluence of design and anthropology perspectives and methodologies and the emphasis on praxis, the practical application of theory in practice, enables practitioners to keep the social and ecological value of design at the center of their work. It is our hope and intention that this paper will inspire designers, educators, practitioners, and theorists to continue creative experimental collaboration in their own evolving practice.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is associated with reorganization of metabolic connectivity in a pathological brain network
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Mlakar Jernej , Ležaić Luka , Vo An , Nguyen Nha , Tang Chris , Fiorini Michele , Prieto Elena , Marti‐Andres Gloria , Arbizu Javier , Eidelberg David , Trošt Maja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare cause of dementia, it is critical to understand its functional networks as the prion protein spread throughout the brain may share similar mechanisms with other more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the metabolic brain network associated with sCJD was investigated and its internal network organization was explored.MethodsWe explored 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) brain scans of 29 sCJD patients, 56 normal controls (NCs) and 46 other dementia patients from two independent centers. sCJD‐related pattern (CJDRP) was identified in a cohort of 16 pathologically proven sCJD patients and 16 age‐matched NCs using scaled subprofile modeling/principal component analysis and was prospectively validated in an independent cohort of 13 sCJD patients and 20 NCs. The pattern's specificity was tested on other dementia patients and its clinical relevance by clinical correlations. The pattern's internal organization was further studied using graph theory methods.ResultsThe CJDRP was characterized by relative hypometabolism in the bilateral caudate, thalami, middle and superior frontal gyri, parietal lobe and posterior cingulum in association with relative hypermetabolism in the hippocampi, parahippocampal gyri and cerebellum. The pattern's expression significantly discriminated sCJD from NCs and other dementia patients (p < 0.005; receiver operating characteristic analysis CJD vs. NCs area under the curve [AUC] 0.90–0.96, sCJD vs. Alzheimer's disease AUC 0.78, sCJD vs. behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia AUC 0.84). The pattern's expression significantly correlated with cognitive, functional decline and disease duration. The metabolic connectivity analysis revealed inefficient information transfer with specific network reorganization.ConclusionsThe CJDRP is a robust metabolic biomarker of sCJD. Due to its excellent clinical correlations it has the potential to monitor disease in emerging disease‐modifying trials.
WHAT IS RADICAL? BÜCHNER AND BRECHT READ LENZ
Authors: Curran Veronica Rose 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis article asks why the radical authors Georg Büchner (1813–37) and Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) were particularly interested in the life and works of Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz (1751–92). The enquiry proceeds by reading Lenz's theoretical and literary works, such as his treatise Anmerkungen übers Theater (1774) and his plays Die Soldaten (1776) and Der Hofmeister (1774), through the later authors’ various writings. This article particularly focuses on all three authors’ use and analysis of observational writing for a radical, social purpose. It begins with a discussion of Lenz's stance on the imitation of nature in his writings on the theatre and how this affects his social commentary through realistic social depiction. This is followed by an examination of Büchner's use of Lenz's writings, particularly in the ‘Kunstgespräch’ section of the narrative fragment Lenz and in his play Woyzeck (1836), and then by Brecht's theoretical writing on the ‘realistic style’ (‘realistische Schreibweise’) in the history of German dramaturgy and his new approach in the adaptation of Der Hofmeister. The article concludes that Lenz's realistic style was taken up by his successors but that, especially in his depiction of and commentary on individuality, it maintains unique value in itself.
Significant association between HLA‐B*35:01 and onset of drug‐induced liver injury caused by Kampo medicines in Japanese patients
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Arakawa Noriaki , Tanaka Yoichi , Uchiyama Nahoko , Sekine Akihiro , Mashimo Yoichi , Tsuji Keiji , Kagawa Tatehiro , Sato Ken , Watanabe Masaaki , Aiso Mitsuhiko , Hiasa Yoichi , Takei Yoshiyuki , Ohira Hiromasa , Ayada Minoru , Tsukagoshi Eri , Maekawa Keiko , Tohkin Masahiro , Saito Yoshiro , Takikawa Hajime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a severe and life‐threatening immune‐mediated adverse effect, occurring rarely among treated patients. We examined genomic biomarkers in the Japanese population that predict the onset of DILI after using a certain class of drugs, such as Kampo products (Japanese traditional medicines).MethodsA total of 287 patients diagnosed as DILI by hepatology specialists were recruited after written informed consent was obtained. A genome‐wide association analysis and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in four digits were performed.ResultsWe found a significant association (p = 9.41 × 10−10) of rs146644517 (G > A) with Kampo product–related DILI. As this polymorphism is located in the HLA region, we evaluated the association of HLA types and found that 12 (63.2%) of 19 Kampo‐DILI patients contained HLA‐B*35:01, whereas only 15.2% were positive for this HLA among healthy volunteers. The odds ratio was 9.56 (95% confidence interval 3.75–24.46; p = 2.98 × 10−6, corrected p = 4.17 × 10−5), and it increased to 13.55 compared with the DILI patients not exposed to Kampo products. The individual crude drug components in the Kampo products, including Scutellaria root (ougon in Japanese), rhubarb (daiou), Gardenia fruit (sanshishi), and Glycyrrhiza (kanzou), were significantly associated with HLA‐B*35:01.ConclusionsHLA‐B*35:01 is a genetic risk factor and a potential predictive biomarker for Kampo‐induced DILI in the Japanese population.
Long‐term oxidation and ablation behavior of Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites at 1500, 2000, and 2200°C
Authors: Cheng Yehong , Zhang Fan , Ma Denghao , Zhang Yixin , Liu Yaxiong , An Yumin , Wang Anzhe , Hu Ning , Zhao Libin , Han Wenbo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites prepared via direct ink writing combined with low‐temperature hot‐pressing were shown to exhibit high relative density, high preparation efficiency, and excellent flexural strength and fracture toughness in our previous work, their oxidation and ablation resistance at high and ultrahigh temperatures had not been investigated. In this work, the oxidation and ablation resistance of Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites were evaluated via static oxidation at high temperature (1500°C) and oxyacetylene ablation at ultrahigh temperatures (2080 and 2270°C), respectively. The thickness of the oxide layer of the Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites is <40 μm after oxidizing at 1500°C for 1 h. The Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites exhibit non‐ablative properties after oxyacetylene ablation at 2080 and 2270°C for >600 s, with mass ablation rates of 3.77 × 10−3 and 5.53 × 10−3 mg/(cm2 s), and linear ablation rates of −4.5 × 10−4 and −5.8 × 10−4 mm/s, respectively. Upon an increase in the ablation temperature from 2080 to 2270°C, the thickness of the total oxide layer increases from 360 to 570 μm, and the carbon fibers remain intact in the unaffected region. Moreover, the oxidation and ablation process of Cf/ZrB2–SiC at various temperatures was analyzed and discussed.
The layered development of mouse B and T Cells
Authors: Montecino‐Rodriguez Encarnacion , Dorshkind Kenneth 
Published: December 2022

SummaryTraditional models of lymphopoiesis present B and T cell development as a linear process that initiates in the fetus and continues after birth in the bone marrow and thymus, respectively. However, this view of lymphocyte development is not in accord with reports, dating back several decades, indicating that the types of lymphocytes generated before and after birth differ. In this regard, selected γδ T cells, and those that utilize the Vγ3 receptor in particular, and innate‐like B‐1 B cells preferentially arise during fetal blood cell development. This review synthesizes data from multiple laboratories, with an emphasis on our own work using mouse models, demonstrating that innate and conventional B and T cells emerge in hematopoietic stem cell independent and dependent waves of development that are differentially regulated. This layering of lymphocyte development has implications for understanding the composition of the adult immune system and may provide insights into the origin of various lymphocytic leukemias.
LncRNA TCF7 contributes to high glucose‐induced damage in human podocytes by up‐regulating SEMA3Avia sponging miR‐16‐5p
Authors: Jiang Zhenzhen , Qian Lijie , Yang Ruifeng , Wu Yan , Guo Yongping , Chen Tingfang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert essential functions in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). LncRNA T‐cell factor 7 (TCF7) and semaphorin‐3A (SEMA3A) have been found to be involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, whether the effect of TCF7 on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is mediated by SEMA3A remains unclear.Materials and MethodsTCF7, miR‐16‐5p, and SEMA3A were quantified by a qRT‐PCR or immunoblotting method. A CCK‐8 assay gauged the cell viability. Measurement of cell apoptosis was done using flow cytometry. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual‐luciferase reporter, and RNA pull‐down assays were utilized to assay the targeted interactions among the variables.ResultsThe TCF7 and SEMA3A levels were elevated in serum from patients with diabetic nephropathy. TCF7 silencing or SEMA3A depletion ameliorated high glucose (HG)‐induced podocyte injury. Moreover, TCF7 silencing protected against HG‐induced podocyte injury by down‐regulating SEMA3A. TCF7 targeted miR‐16‐5p, and miR‐16‐5p targeted SEMA3A. Furthermore, TCF7 affected the expression of SEMA3A by competing specifically for shared miR‐16‐5p.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that TCF7 silencing attenuated high glucose‐induced podocyte damage partially through the miR‐16‐5p/SEMA3A regulation cascade.
The overlooked functions of trichomes: Water absorption and metal detoxication
Authors: Li Cui , Mo Yingying , Wang Nina , Xing Longyi , Qu Yang , Chen Yanlong , Yuan Zuoqiang , Ali Arshad , Qi Jiyan , Fernández Victoria , Wang Yuheng , Kopittke Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrichomes are epidermal outgrowths on plant shoots. Their roles in protecting plants against herbivores and in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites have long been recognized. Recently, studies are increasingly showing that trichomes also play important roles in water absorption and metal detoxication, with these roles having important implications for ecology, the environment, and agriculture. However, these two functions of trichomes have been largely overlooked and much remains unknown. In this review, we show that the trichomes of 37 plant species belonging to 14 plant families are involved in water absorption, while the trichomes of 33 species from 13 families are capable of sequestering metals within their trichomes. The ability of trichomes to absorb water results from their decreased hydrophobicity compared to the remainder of the leaf surface as well as the presence of special structures for collecting and absorbing water. In contrast, the metal detoxication function of trichomes results not only from the good connection of their basal cells to the underlying vascular tissues, but also from the presence of metal‐chelating ligands and transporters within the trichomes themselves. Knowledge gaps and critical future research questions regarding these two trichome functions are highlighted. This review improves our understanding on trichomes.
Mucocutaneous manifestations of congenital syphilis in the neonate: A review of a surging disease
Authors: Newton Jazmin , Silence Channi , Boetes Jared , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSyphilis is an infection caused by Treponema pallidum. It is most commonly acquired through sexual transmission, although it can also be transmitted vertically across the placenta, resulting in congenital syphilis. Even with improved public health measures, testing, and treatment capabilities, primary, secondary, and congenital syphilis have all surged since 2012. Given this marked increase in both incidence and prevalence, here we present a comprehensive review of the clinical presentation, treatment, and management of congenital syphilis, with particular consideration given to the mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease in neonates.