bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ericoid shrub encroachment shifts aboveground–belowground linkages in three peatlands across Europe and Western Siberia
Authors: Buttler Alexandre , Bragazza Luca , Laggoun‐Défarge Fatima , Gogo Sebastien , Toussaint Marie‐Laure , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Chojnicki Bogdan H. , Słowiński Michał , Słowińska Sandra , Zielińska Małgorzata , Reczuga Monika , Barabach Jan , Marcisz Katarzyna , Lamentowicz Łukasz , Harenda Kamila , Lapshina Elena , Gilbert Daniel , Schlaepfer Rodolphe , Jassey Vincent E. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn northern peatlands, reduction of Sphagnum dominance in favour of vascular vegetation is likely to influence biogeochemical processes. Such vegetation changes occur as the water table lowers and temperatures rise. To test which of these factors has a significant influence on peatland vegetation, we conducted a 3‐year manipulative field experiment in Linje mire (northern Poland). We manipulated the peatland water table level (wet, intermediate and dry; on average the depth of the water table was 17.4, 21.2 and 25.3 cm respectively), and we used open‐top chambers (OTCs) to create warmer conditions (on average increase of 1.2°C in OTC plots compared to control plots). Peat drying through water table lowering at this local scale had a larger effect than OTC warming treatment per see on Sphagnum mosses and vascular plants. In particular, ericoid shrubs increased with a lower water table level, while Sphagnum decreased. Microclimatic measurements at the plot scale indicated that both water‐level and temperature, represented by heating degree days (HDDs), can have significant effects on the vegetation. In a large‐scale complementary vegetation gradient survey replicated in three peatlands positioned along a transitional oceanic–continental and temperate–boreal (subarctic) gradient (France–Poland–Western Siberia), an increase in ericoid shrubs was marked by an increase in phenols in peat pore water, resulting from higher phenol concentrations in vascular plant biomass. Our results suggest a shift in functioning from a mineral‐N‐driven to a fungi‐mediated organic‐N nutrient acquisition with shrub encroachment. Both ericoid shrub encroachment and higher mean annual temperature in the three sites triggered greater vascular plant biomass and consequently the dominance of decomposers (especially fungi), which led to a feeding community dominated by nematodes. This contributed to lower enzymatic multifunctionality. Our findings illustrate mechanisms by which plants influence ecosystem responses to climate change, through their effect on microbial trophic interactions.
Idiopathic bone cavity mimicking a botryoid odontogenic cyst: A rare radiographic presentation in an older adult
Authors: Brooks John K. , Lee Young In , Fahimi Ali , Stanhope Colin J. , Sultan Ahmed S. , Price Jeffery B. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThis report describes an unusual case of a multilocular idiopathic bone cavity (IBC) that presented as a botryoid odontogenic cyst situated between the mandibular lateral incisor and canine in an older adult.BackgroundThe IBC represents an intraosseous concavity that appears radiographically as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion found in various skeletal sites, including the jaw. Atypical cases of gnathic IBC have not been appreciated in the gerodontologic literature.Materials and methodsThe teeth adjacent to the bony lesion had normal pulpal responses to cold. A full‐thickness flap was elevated and provided a direct entry into a bony concavity, which was devoid of an epithelial lining and fluid.ResultsThe lack of a cystic lining within the empty osseous lesion following surgical entry, concomitant with the vital pulpal status of the proximal teeth, led to a diagnosis of an IBC. The bony walls underwent curettage and copious irrigation prior to primary closure. A 10‐month follow‐up revealed partial evidence of osseous repair. The patient will continue to be monitored.ConclusionTimely surgical intervention of central lesions of the jaws may improve clinical outcomes. Variants of the IBC should be included in the differential diagnosis of multilocular lesions, particularly in the geriatric population.
Experiences and views of people who frequently call emergency ambulance services: A qualitative study of UK service users
Authors: Evans Bridie A. , Khanom Ashra , Edwards Adrian , Edwards Bethan , Farr Angela , Foster Theresa , Fothergill Rachael , Gripper Penny , Gunson Imogen , Porter Alison , Rees Nigel , Scott Jason , Snooks Helen , Watkins Alan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeople who call emergency ambulances frequently are often vulnerable because of health and social circumstances, have unresolved problems or cannot access appropriate care. They have higher mortality rates. Case management by interdisciplinary teams can help reduce demand for emergency services and is available in some UK regions. We report results of interviews with people who use emergency ambulance services frequently to understand their experiences of calling and receiving treatment.MethodsWe used a two‐stage recruitment process. A UK ambulance service identified six people who were known to them as frequently calling emergency services. Through third‐sector organisations, we also recruited nine individuals with healthcare experiences reflecting the characteristics of people who call frequently. We gained informed consent to record and transcribe all telephone interviews. We used thematic analysis to explore the results.ResultsPeople said they make frequent calls to emergency ambulance services as a last resort when they perceive their care needs are urgent and other routes to help have failed. Those with the most complex health needs generally felt their immediate requirements were not resolved and underlying mental and physical problems led them to call again. A third of respondents were also attended to by police and were arrested for behaviour associated with their health needs. Those callers receiving case management did not know they were selected for this. Some respondents were concerned that case management could label frequent callers as troublemakers.ConclusionPeople who make frequent calls to emergency ambulance services feel their health and care needs are urgent and ongoing. They cannot see alternative ways to receive help and resolve problems. Communication between health professionals and service users appears inadequate. More research is needed to understand service users' motivations and requirements to inform design and delivery of accessible and effective services.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with relevant experience were involved in developing, undertaking and disseminating this research. Two public contributors helped design and deliver the study, including developing and analysing service user interviews and drafting this paper. Eight public members of a Lived Experience Advisory Panel contributed at key stages of study design, interpretation and dissemination. Two more public contributors were members of an independent Study Steering Committee.
Prognostic factors for competing risk in patients with AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma: A SEER population‐based study
Authors: Wang Haili , Guo Chengnan , Zhang Xin , Xu Yiyun , Li Yi , Wang Tianye , Liu Zhenqiu , Zhu Xiaohua , Zhang Tiejun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesDespite the improved survival of patients with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), competing events are a non‐negligible issue affecting the survival of such patients. In this study, we explored the prognostic factors of KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality in patients with AIDS‐related KS (AIDS‐KS), accounting for competing risk.MethodsWe identified 17 103 patients with AIDS‐KS aged 18–65 years between 1980 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry database. Prognostic factors for KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality were determined by the Fine and Grey proportional subdistribution hazard model. We built competing risk nomograms and assessed their predictive performance based on the identified prognostic factors.ResultsIn total, 12 943 (75.68%) patients died, 1965 (15.50%) of whom died from competing events. The KS‐specific mortality rate was 14 835 per 100 000 person‐years, and the non‐KS specific mortality rate was 2719 per 100 000 person‐years. Specifically, age >44 years was associated with an 11% decrease in the subdistribution hazard of KS‐specific mortality compared with age <43 years but a 50% increase in the subdistribution hazard of non‐KS‐specific mortality. Being male was associated with a 26% increase in the subdistribution hazard of KS‐specific mortality compared with being female but a 32% decrease in the subdistribution hazard of non‐KS‐specific mortality. Notably, being in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era consistently showed a decrease in the subdistribution hazard of both KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality than being in the pre‐ART era.ConclusionsCompeting events commonly occurred among patients with AIDS‐KS, which deserves further attention to improve the prognosis of these patients.
Explaining context, mechanism and outcome in adult community mental health crisis care: A realist evidence synthesis
Authors: Clibbens Nicola , Booth Andrew , Sharda Leila , Baker John , Thompson Jill , Ashman Michael , Berzins Kathryn , Weich Scott , Kendal Sarah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMental health crises cause significant distress and disruption to the lives of individuals and their families. Community crisis care systems are complex, often hard to navigate and poorly understood. This realist evidence synthesis aimed to explain how, for whom and in what circumstances community mental health crisis services for adults work to resolve crises and is reported according to RAMESES guidelines. Using realist methodology, initial programme theories were identified and then tested through iterative evidence searching across 10 electronic databases, four expert stakeholder consultations and n = 20 individual interviews. 45 relevant records informed the three initial programme theories, and 77 documents, were included in programme theory testing. 39 context, mechanism, outcome configurations were meta‐synthesized into three themes: (1) The gateway to urgent support; (2) Values based crisis interventions and (3) Leadership and organizational values. Fragmented cross‐agency responses exacerbated staff stress and created barriers to access. Services should focus on evaluating interagency working to improve staff role clarity and ensure boundaries between services are planned for. Organizations experienced as compassionate contributed positively to perceived accessibility but relied on compassionate leadership. Attending to the support needs of staff and the proximity of leaders to the front line of crisis care are key. Designing interventions that are easy to navigate, prioritize shared decision‐making and reduce the risk of re‐traumatizing people is a priority.
The impact of insurance status on in‐hospital mortality in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhao Xu , He Rui , Li Hong , Fu Shimin , Zhang Kebiao , Gu Manping , Zhou Sumei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study was designed to determine the associations between insurance status and clinical outcomes among patients with hyperglycaemic crisis.MethodsOverall, 1668 patients with hyperglycaemic crisis were recruited from the Chongqing Medical University Medical Data Science Academy's big data platform. In‐hospital mortality, length of stay and complications (i.e., hypoglycaemia, hypokalemia, pulmonary infection, multiple systemic organ failure, acute kidney injury and deep venous thrombosis) were assessed. Propensity score matching analysis was used to reduce the confounding bias, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the effect of insurance status on mortality in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis.ResultsAfter matching one uninsured patient to two insured patients with a calliper of 0.02, the uninsured group suffered a higher burden of in‐hospital mortality than the insured group (16.9% vs. 9.8%); the insured status (odds ratio = 0.216, 95% confidence interval = 0.079–0.587) was a potential protect factor for in‐hospital mortality of patients with hyperglycaemic crisis in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsInsurance status is associated with the outcomes of hospitalisation for hyperglycaemic crisis; uninsured patients with hyperglycaemic crisis face a higher risk of mortality in China.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Borden Lynn M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among service members portends substantial impairments not only for the affected individual but also for their families. However, the association between PTSD symptoms and specific parenting domains remains understudied. Drawing upon the Military Family Stress Model and the Cognitive Behavioral Interpersonal Theory of PTSD, this systematic review provides an overview and synthesis of the literature on PTSD symptoms and parenting in military families with the objective to examine associations between parental PTSD symptoms and key parenting domains. Following PRISMA guidelines, 27 empirical studies were reviewed. Five distinct parenting domains emerged across studies. The findings indicated that greater PTSD symptoms were generally associated with adverse parenting outcomes with some variation across different parenting domains, such that some parenting outcomes showed more consistent negative associations with parental PTSD symptoms than others. These results have significant implications for research and practice, providing insight for family‐focused intervention/prevention studies.
Effect of laser surface treatment on shear bond strength between polyetheretherketone and heat‐activated polymethylmethacrylate resin
Authors: Kuttuva Balasubramanian Sivaprakash Babu Ananda Deeban , Singaravel Chidambara Nathan Ahila , Balasubramanium Muthu Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the shear bond strength between polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and heat activated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin after laser treatment.Materials and MethodsA total of 128 PEEK discs were fabricated (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) and allocated into two groups. Group 1 was subjected to surface treatment followed by thermal cycling for 5000 cycles and group 2 was subjected to surface treatment followed by thermal cycling for 10,000 cycles. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (n = 16) which were: no surface treatment; primer treatment; acid etching; and laser surface treatment. PEEK was then bonded with PMMA resin using the conventional flasking technique. The shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was done using one‐way ANOVA for comparing within groups, followed by Tukey HSD test. Student's T‐test was done to evaluate between the two groups.ResultsIn group 1, the highest shear bond strength was exhibited by the laser group (19.08 ± 0.16 MPa) followed by the acid etch group (14.84 ± 0.23 MPa), and the primer group (6.43 ± 0.20 MPa), while the least shear bond strength was observed in the no surface treatment group (4.98 ± 0.34 MPa) which was found to be significant (p < 0.05). In group 2, the highest shear bond strength was observed in the laser group (18.21 ± 0.23 MPa) followed by the acid etch group (13.77 ± 0.48 MPa), and the primer group (6.04 ± 0.11 MPa), while the least shear bond strength was observed in no surface treatment group (4.35 ± 0.21 MPa) which was found to be significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe shear bond strength between PEEK and PMMA resin was highest for specimens that were surface treated with laser and followed by specimens treated with acid etching, primer application, and without surface treatment, respectively. Increasing thermal cycling from 5000 cycles to 10,000 cycles also reduced the bond strength.
Ethical Reasoning in a Morally Diverse World: Higher Education and the Purposes of Religious Ethics
Authors: Weaver Darlene Fozard 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAs the Journal of Religious Ethics celebrates its 50th anniversary, higher education in the United States is in a period of upheaval. How does its changing landscape impact the ways we articulate the value of religious ethics? What do our students need from ethics coursework? Both the upheaval in higher education and recent critiques of higher education from religious ethicists highlight questions about the purposes and value of postsecondary education. This essay argues that an emphasis on the practice of ethical reasoning speaks to legitimate public interests in higher education, serves undergraduate students' personal development and professional preparation, and provides an opportunity for dynamic engagement with religious ethics.
Factors associated with physical inactivity among the pre‐school children: A cohort of 1681 participants
Authors: Huang Junjie , Cheung Calvin KM , Chan Sze Chai , Pang Wing Sze , Chow Shui Hang , Li Queenie HY , Lo Amelia SC , Keung Vera MW , Mui Lancelot WH , Lee Albert , Wong Martin CS 
Published: August 2023

AimTo investigate the risk factors associated with physical inactivity of young children in Hong Kong.MethodsThis follow‐up study was part of a prospective cohort study named Studying Impact of Nutrition on Growth (SING) initiated in 2015. Subjects were recruited from randomly selected local nurseries and kindergartens in Hong Kong. Self‐administrated questionnaires were distributed to parents in 2016–2017 to collect information on: (i) socio‐economic background; (ii) health‐related factors, including gestation at time of birth, and hospitalisation of the child since birth; (iii) types of leisure activities, including time spent on electronic games and physical activity.ResultsA total of 1681 responses were collected. A higher likelihood of physical inactivity on weekdays was associated with being female, not being the firstborn, having been hospitalised three or more times since birth, and having physically inactive care givers. Meanwhile, children whose mother was unemployed/retired, and who spent more than 1 h on electronic games per day were significantly less likely to be physically inactive. Similarly, being female, being the secondborn or the thirdborn, and having a care giver with low physical activity level were associated with a higher chance of physical inactivity on weekends.ConclusionsParental support could play a pivotal role in determining a child's physical activity level. Public health policies should be implemented to promote family‐based physical activities.
OsbHLH92, in the noncanonical brassinosteroid signaling pathway, positively regulates leaf angle and grain weight in rice
Authors: Teng Shouzhen , Liu Qiming , Chen Guoxin , Chang Yuan , Cui Xuean , Wu Jinxia , Ai Pengfei , Sun Xuehui , Zhang Zhiguo , Lu Tiegang 
Published: August 2023

Summary

Modifications of plant architecture can increase planting density, regulate photosynthesis, and improve crop yields. Many basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors participate in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway and are critical for plant architecture morphogenesis in rice. However, the number of identified bHLH genes suitable for improving production value is still limited.

In this study, we cloned Lam1, encoding the typical bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH92. OsbHLH92 knockout (KO) lines exhibit erect leaves. Decreases in the number and size of parenchyma cell layers on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in KO lines were the main reason for the decreased leaf angle. Genetic experiments verify that OsBU1 and its homologs are downstream of OsbHLH92, which is involved in the noncanonical RGA1‐mediated BR signaling pathway.

OsbHLH91, an OsbHLH92 homolog, plays both conserved and differentiated roles relative to OsbHLH92. Notably, OsbHLH92‐KO lines show erect leaves without the acquisition of adverse agronomic traits. Moreover, by driving a specific panicle promoter, OsbHLH92 can greatly increase productivity by at least 10%.

This study identifies new components of the BR signaling pathway, demonstrates the importance of OsbHLH92 in improving planting density and crop productivity, and broadens our knowledge of typical and atypical bHLH family members in rice.
Flood‐oriented watershed health and ecological security conceptual modeling using pressure, state, and response (PSR) approach for the Sharghonj Watershed, South Khorasan Province, Iran
Authors: Chamani Reza , Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza , Zare Somaye , Shekohideh Hengameh , Mumzaei Azam , Amini Hamed , Hemmati Laila , Zarei Reza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractToday, watersheds have changed under the influence of various environmental and human factors, and their expected performance has decreased in terms of meeting human needs, providing natural responses, and reducing environmental risks. However, evaluating health status and its impact on various factors has not been given enough attention. To this end, an attempt has been made to evaluate the health and ecological security of the subwatersheds of the Sharghonj Watershed using the pressure‐state‐response approach emphasizing flood‐related issues in the region. Toward that, 21 preliminary hydrological, anthropogenic, natural, and climatic criteria were selected. The preliminary variables were then finalized based on the results of the collinearity test and the data availability. The final variables were appropriately allocated to pressure, state, and response (PSR) indices, and associated health and ecological security indices were determined at the subwatershed scale. The results showed that the PSR ranged from 0.56 to 0.86, 0.46 to 0.84, and 0.35 to 0.96, respectively. Health and ecological security also varied from 0.53 to 0.83 and 0.27 to 1.01 in different subwatersheds. Eventually, the weighted mean PSR indices for the Sharghonj Watershed were 0.72, 0.67, and 0.73, respectively. The weighted mean health and ecological security indices were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively. The research results indicated that the dynamic of various variables related to floods considerably affects the health of the Sharghonj Watershed. It could be concluded from the results that the Sharghonj Watershed is highly flood‐susceptible, whose health and ecological security status was mainly controlled by the damages due to the destruction of residences and orchards by floods in the past few years. The results of the current study provide an appropriate roadmap to the decision makers and planners for the better management of the watershed resources in the region through allocating adequate financial support and implementation measures to priority subwatersheds.