bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main‐Group s‐Block Element Lithium Atoms within Carbon Frameworks as High‐Active Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction Reactions
Authors: Huang Hao , Chen Shi , Jiang Peng , Yang Yang , Wang Changlai , Zheng Wei , Cheng Zhiyu , Huang Minxue , Hu Lin , Chen Qianwang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInspired by the d‐band center theory, previous studies mainly focus on transition metals as electrocatalytic active sites. The s‐block metals in the periodic table, especially group ΙA metals with fewer valence electrons, are rarely reported as high‐activity electrocatalysts for reduction reactions due to the difficulties associated with their electronic structure regulation. Herein, theoretical calculations demonstrate that group ΙA element lithium (Li) embedded in N, O‐doped graphene is an effective electrocatalytic active center for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This catalytic feasibility results from the s–p orbital hybridization between originally empty 2p orbital of Li and the orbitals of coordinated atoms. This vacant 2p orbital can serve as a site for additional p–π conjugation between Li and N, O‐doped graphene. Theoretically, the zigzag‐type Li–O2 model shows remarkable CO2RR activity, while Li–pyridinic–N1‐C1 exhibits high ORR activity. Furthermore, a carbon‐based catalyst with well‐anchored Li atoms coordinated to N, O substituents is experimentally demonstrated to exhibit exceptional CO2RR activity (FECO = 98.8% at −0.55 V) and ORR performance in acidic media (E1/2 = 0.77 V). This is the first report on bifunctional high‐performance electrocatalyst utilizing a group ΙA element with performance comparable to that of most previously reported transition‐metal‐based catalysts.
Secondary‐Phase‐Induced Charge–Discharge Performance Enhancement of Co‐Free High Entropy Spinel Oxide Electrodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Thi Xuyen , Patra Jagabandhu , Tsai Chia‐Chien , Xuan Wen‐Ye , Chen Hsin‐Yi Tiffany , Dyer Matthew S. , Clemens Oliver , Li Ju , Majumder Subhasish Basu , Chang Jeng‐Kuei , Ting Jyh‐Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh entropy oxide (HEO) has emerged as a new class of anode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) by offering infinite possibilities to tailor the charge–discharge properties. While the advantages of single‐phase HEO anodes are realized, the effects of a secondary phase are overlooked. In this study, two kinds of Co‐free HEOs are prepared, containing Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn, for use as LIB anodes. One is a plain cubic‐structure high entropy spinel oxide HESO (C) prepared using a solvothermal method. The other HESO (C+T) contains an extra secondary phase of tetragonal spinel oxide and is prepared using a hydrothermal method. It is demonstrated that the secondary tetragonal spinel phase introduces phase boundaries and defects/oxygen vacancies within HESO (C+T), which improve the redox kinetics and reversibility during electrode lithiation/delithiation. Density functional theory calculation is performed to assess the phase stability of cubic spinel, tetragonal spinel, and rock‐salt structures, and validate the cycling stability of the electrodes upon charging–discharging. The secondary‐phase‐induced rate capability and cyclability enhancement of HEO electrodes are for the first time demonstrated. A HESO (C+T)||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell is assembled and evaluated, showing a promising gravimetric energy density of ≈610 Wh kg−1 based on electrode‐active materials.
Polyether‐b‐Amide Based Solid Electrolytes with Well‐Adhered Interface and Fast Kinetics for Ultralow Temperature Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Xueyan , Huang Sheng , Wang Tianyi , Zhong Lei , Han Dongmei , Xiao Min , Wang Shuanjin , Meng Yuezhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are highly desirable for energy storage because of the urgent need for higher energy density and safer batteries. However, it remains a critical challenge for stable cycling of SSLMBs at low temperature. Here, a highly viscoelastic polyether‐b‐amide (PEO‐b‐PA) based composite solid‐state electrolyte is proposed through a one‐pot melt processing without solvent to address this key process. By adjusting the molar ratio of PEO‐b‐PA to lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (ethylene oxide:Li = 6:1) and adding 20 wt.% succinonitrile, fast Li+ transport channel is conducted within the homogeneous polymer electrolyte, which enables its application at ultra‐low temperature (−20 to 25 °C). The composite solid‐state electrolyte utilizes dynamic hydrogen‐bonding domains and ion‐conducting domains to achieve a low interfacial charge transfer resistance (<600 Ω) at −20 °C and high ionic conductivity (25 °C, 3.7 × 10−4 S cm−1). As a result, the LiFePO4|Li battery based on composite electrolyte exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance with 81.5% capacity retention after 1200 cycles at −20 °C and high discharge specific capacities of 141.1 mAh g−1 with high loading (16.1 mg cm−2) at 25 °C. Moreover, the solid‐state SNCM811|Li cell achieves excellent safety performance under nail penetration test, showing great promise for practical application.
Tungsten Boride Stabilized Single‐Crystal LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2 Cathode for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Performance and Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Qimeng , Deng Qiang , Zhong Wentao , Li Jing , Wang Ziming , Dong Pengyuan , Huang Kevin , Yang Chenghao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransition metal doped LiNiO2 layered compounds have attracted significant interest as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in recent years due to their high energy density. However, a critical issue of LiNiO2‐based cathodes is caused particularly at highly delithiated state by irreversible phase transition, initiation/propagation of cracks, and extensive reactions with electrolyte. Herein, a tungsten boride (WB)‐doped single‐crystalline LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2 (SNCM) cathode is reported that affectively addresses these drawbacks. In situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic evidence that B3+ enters the bulk of the SNCM, enlarging the interlayer spacing, thus facilitating Li+ diffusion, while W3+ forms an amorphous surface layer consisting of LixWyOz (LWO) and LixByOz (LBO), which aids the construction of a robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) film, are shown. It is also shown that WB doping is effective in controlling the degree of the c‐axis contraction and release of oxygen‐containing gases at high voltages. The best doping concentration of WB is 0.6 wt.%, at which the capacity retention rate of the SNCM reaches 93.2% after 200 cycles at 2.7–4.3 V, while the morphology and structure of the material remain largely unchanged. The presented modification strategy offers a new way for the design of new stable SNCM cathodes for high‐energy‐density LIBs.
Self‐Formed Fluorinated Interphase with Fe Valence Gradient for Dendrite‐Free Solid‐State Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xiang Le , Jiang Daochuan , Gao Yue , Zhang Chaofeng , Ren Xiaodi , Zhu Lingyun , Gao Shan , Zhan Xiaowen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe poor anode/electrolyte compatibility and dendrite growth have discouraged the development of solid‐state sodium‐metal batteries (SSSMBs). Here, a self‐formed interphase with a unique Fe valence gradient is designed to stabilize the anode interface of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte. This interphase consists of a Fe‐ and NaF‐containing outer layer near the Na anode and a Fe2+/Fe3+‐rich inner layer, which are in situ formed upon contacting Na with a sodiophilic α‐Fe2O3‐xFx interlayer specially coated on Na3Zr2Si2PO12. The NaF and Fe prevents continuous reduction reactions and homogenize the electric filed, while the iron oxide gradient layer offers buffering Na storage during plating, further suppressing dendrite growth. Benefiting from the dynamically stable, low‐impedance and dendrite‐free interface, the symmetric cells achieve a 20‐fold reduction in interfacial resistance and a fourfold enhancement in critical current density (CCD) at 25 °C, and powered a high CCD of 1.9 mA cm‐2 and a 1000‐h cycle life at 1 mA cm‐2 at 80 °C. The corresponding SSSMBs based on Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes deliver a capacity retention rate of 96% over 120 cycles at 1 C. This robust interface design supports one of the best electrochemical performances ever reported and offers a comprehensive solution to stabilize the Na3Zr2Si2PO12/Na interface toward practical SSSMBs.
Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries with an Ultralarge Discharge Capacity per Cycle and an Ultralong Cycle Life
Authors: Zhong Xiongwei , Shao Yangfan , Chen Biao , Li Chuang , Sheng Jinzhi , Xiao Xiao , Xu Baomin , Li Jia , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA conventional two‐electrode rechargeable zinc–air battery (RZAB) has two major problems: 1) opposing requirements for the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions from the catalyst at the air cathode; and 2) zinc‐dendrite formation, hydrogen generation, and zinc corrosion at the zinc anode. To tackle these problems, a three‐electrode RZAB (T‐RZAB) including a hydrophobic discharge cathode, a hydrophilic charge cathode, and a zinc‐free anode is developed. The decoupled cathodes enable fast ORR and OER kinetics, and avoid oxidization of the ORR catalyst. The zinc‐free anode using tin‐coated copper foam that induces the growth of (002)Zn planes, suppresses hydrogen evolution, and prevents Zn corrosion. As a result, the T‐RZABs have a high discharge capacity per cycle of 800 mAh cm−2, a low voltage gap between the discharge/charge platforms of 0.66 V, and an ultralong cycle life of 5220 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. A large T‐RZAB with a discharge capacity of 10 Ah per cycle with no obvious degradation after cycling for 1000 h is developed. Finally, a T‐RZAB pack that has an energy density of 151.8 Wh kg−1 and a low cost of 46.7 US dollars kWh−1 is assembled.
Tunable Polarization‐Preserving Vortex Beam Generator Based on Diagonal Cross‐Shaped Graphene Structures at Terahertz Frequency
Authors: Chen Dingbo , Yang Junbo , He Xin , Yu Yang , Zhang Zhenfu , Chen Huan , Zhang Zhaojian , Tan Zhongqi , Luo Hui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are of extreme importance for applications in communication, nanoscience, and optical micro‐manipulation. The development of dynamically tunable vortex beam generators with compact size is a critical step in the realization of vortex beam modulation and application. Here, a series of ultrathin OAM‐tunable polarization‐preserving vortex beam generators based on graphene metasurfaces are proposed, which offer a new scheme to generating vortex beams with variable topological charges at terahertz frequency. By introducing the diagonal cross‐shaped graphene structures, the abrupt phase shift range reaches 2π for linearly polarized incident light while maintaining the original polarization state. Planar spiral phase generators are theoretically constructed to convert beams with plane wavefront into beams with spiral phase. More importantly, the topological charges of the generated vortex beams can be dynamically tuned by the graphene Fermi energy in a broadband frequency range from 4.5 to 5.5 THz. This work provides a simple technology for the generation of vortex beams and the flexible modulation of the topological charge, which would inspire the application potential of the vortex beam.
Controlling the Energy Relaxation: Organic Doping in AIEgen Nanoparticles for Highly Enhanced Intravital Two‐Photon Imaging
Authors: Fan Miaozhuang , Feng Gang , Xia Lu , Zhang Yibin , Liu Maixian , Li Zhengzheng , Jiang Yihang , Yang Chengbin , Law Wing‐Cheung , Yong Ken‐Tye , Shen Yuanyuan , Xu Zhourui , Xu Gaixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) as a new class of optical probes for two‐photon imaging (2PI) have attracted extensive attention in the research community. However, their non‐radiative energy dissipation plays a non‐negligible role in energy consumption, thereby weakening their performance in 2PI. Exploration of a facile and general approach to control the energy relaxation pathways is thus a fascinating yet significantly challenging task. To address this concern, an organic doping method is proposed herein by using TPE‐Br as the doping AIEgen and MeOTTMN as the functional AIEgen. With increased amount of doping molecules, a steadily strengthened brightness (up to 29‐fold of quantum yield) is observed at the expense of reactive oxygen species production. Remarkably, an ultradeep imaging depth of 1000 µm in a mouse brain is realized via 2PI using the heavily organic‐doped AIEgen(ODA) nanoparticles (NPs). Such result is far superior to the imaging depth of 156 µm enabled by MeOTTMN NPs. The safe use of ODA NPs is further evaluated by in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment. This study thus provides an attractive paradigm to control the energy relaxation of AIEgen NPs and maximize their performance in 2PI while circumventing the difficulties in molecular engineering.
Artificial Intelligence Guided Studies of van der Waals Magnets
Authors: Rhone Trevor David , Bhattarai Romakanta , Gavras Haralambos , Lusch Bethany , Salim Misha , Mattheakis Marios , Larson Daniel T. , Krockenberger Yoshiharu , Kaxiras Efthimios 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA materials informatics framework to explore a large number of candidate van der Waals (vdW) materials is developed. In particular, in this study a large space of monolayer transition metal halides is investigated by combining high‐throughput density functional theory calculations and artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate the discovery of stable materials and the prediction of their magnetic properties. The formation energy is used as a proxy for chemical stability. Semi‐supervised learning is harnessed to mitigate the challenges of sparsely labeled materials data in order to improve the performance of AI models. This approach creates avenues for the rapid discovery of chemically stable vdW magnets by leveraging the ability of AI to recognize patterns in data, to learn mathematical representations of materials from data and to predict materials properties. Using this approach, previously unexplored vdW magnetic materials with potential applications in data storage and spintronics are identified.
DNA Damage Inducer Mitoxantrone Amplifies Synergistic Mild‐Photothermal Chemotherapy for TNBC via Decreasing Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression
Authors: Chen Zuqin , Li Sunfan , Li Fangzhou , Qin Cheng , Li Xianlei , Qing Guangchao , Wang Jinjin , Xia Bozhang , Zhang Fuxue , Meng Liangliang , Liang Xing‐Jie , Xiao Yueyong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) have the worst clinical outcomes when compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Nanotechnology‐assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) opens new opportunities for precise cancer treatment. However, thermoresistance caused by PTT, as well as uncertainty in the physiological metabolism of existing phototherapeutic nanoformulations, severely limit their clinical applications. Herein, based on the clinically chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone (MTO), a multifunctional nanoplatform (MTO‐micelles) is developed to realize mutually synergistic mild‐photothermal chemotherapy. MTO with excellent near‐infrared absorption (≈669 nm) can function not only as a chemotherapeutic agent but also as a photothermal transduction agent with elevated photothermal conversion efficacy (ƞ = 54.62%). MTO‐micelles can accumulate at the tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Following local near‐infrared irradiation, mild hyperthermia (<50 °C) assists MTO in binding tumor cell DNA, resulting in chemotherapeutic sensitization. In addition, downregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression due to enhanced DNA damage can in turn weaken tumor thermoresistance, boosting the efficacy of mild PTT. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that MTO‐micelles possess excellent synergetic tumor inhibition effects. Therefore, the mild‐photothermal chemotherapy strategy based on MTO‐micelles has a promising prospect in the clinical transformation of TNBC treatment.
Design‐Dependent Switching Mechanisms of Schottky‐Barrier‐Modulated Memristors based on 2D Semiconductor
Authors: Zhou Hangbo , Sorkin Viacheslav , Chen Shuai , Yu ZhiGen , Ang Kah‐Wee , Zhang Yong‐Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor Schottky barrier‐modulated memristors based on 2D semiconductors, it has, to date, not been possible to achieve control over defect type and concentration as the measured switching characteristics vary considerably even under similar fabrication conditions. In this work, four distinct types of memristors are identified based on the combination of low and high resistance sequences, as well as volatile and nonvolatile characteristics. All these four types of memristors were previously observed experimentally by different research labs. It is found that the specific behavior of each memristor type can be explained by the Schottky barrier height modulation and current rectification arising from the concerted effects of the concentration, charge polarity and mobility of defects. The conditions required to realize the four types of 2D semiconductor‐based memristors are analyzed and design guidelines for fabricating each of these four types of memristors are provided.
Printed 700 V/V Gain Amplifiers Based on Organic Source‐Gated Transistors with Field Plates
Authors: Hemmi Yudai , Ikeda Yuji , Sporea Radu A. , Inoue Satoru , Hasegawa Tatsuo , Matsui Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrinted amplifiers are promising components for flexible and wearable devices. The circuits need to have small footprint, high amplification, and low power consumption, which is not simultaneously possible with conventional thin‐film transistors because multiple stages are required and introduce sources of variability, failure, or wasted area. Source‐gated transistors (SGTs) can in principle have extremely high intrinsic gain but this is not always the case because of lateral field control problems. A good solution is the use of field plate structures, which are straightforward to implement with top contacts but not so with bottom contacts. Here, a printed implementation of organic SGT with a field plate is presented, which can achieve a record high intrinsic gain of 920 V/V. The single‐stage common‐source amplifier with two organic SGTs also exhibits a high gain of 700 V/V. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the printed field plate, making it a promising approach for future flexible and wearable electronics.
Risk, race, and predictive policing: A critical race theory analysis of the strategic subject list
Authors: DaViera Andrea L. , Uriostegui Marbella , Gottlieb Aaron , Onyeka Ogechi (Cynthia) 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredictive policing is a tool used increasingly by police departments that may exacerbate entrenched racial/ethnic disparities in the Prison Industrial Complex (PIC). Using a Critical Race Theory framework, we analyzed arrest data from a predictive policing program, the Strategic Subject List (SSL), and questioned how the SSL risk score (i.e., calculated risk for gun violence perpetration or victimization) predicts the arrested individual's race/ethnicity while accounting for local spatial conditions, including poverty and racial composition. Using multinomial logistic regression with community area fixed effects, results indicate that the risk score predicts the race/ethnicity of the arrested person while accounting for spatial context. As such, despite claims of scientific objectivity, we provide empirical evidence that the algorithmically‐derived risk variable is racially biased. We discuss our study in the context of how the SSL reinforces a pseudoscientific justification of the PIC and call for the abolition of these tools broadly.
Overexertion and heat stress in the fire service: a new conceptual framework
Authors: Wohlgemuth Kealey , Sekiguchi Yasuki , Mota Jacob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrom the year 2000, the United States Fire Administration (USFA) has been recording all line‐of‐duty deaths in the fire service. Stress or overexertion caused 1096 out of 2598 total line‐of‐duty deaths in the United States from 2000 to 2021. Those deaths due to stress or overexertion were further classified as myocardial infarction (90%), cerebrovascular accident (6.8%), other (2.6%), and heat exhaustion (0.6%). Environmental heat exposure is a concern in firefighting, as firefighters work in extreme conditions, such as high ambient temperatures, while wearing protective clothing. Heat stress is not only hazardous to the cardiovascular system, but may accentuate muscle fatigue and overexertion. In addition, overexertion itself is related to increased incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, usually to the lower extremities. Further, there is a strong physiological mechanistic link to suggest that the increased occupational heat exposure and thermoregulatory strain firefighters experience may be a stressor that increases the risk of injuries. This commentary hopes to show the need for further research on the effects of occupational exposures and physiological strain in the fire service.
A PUS7 gene pathogenic variant causing self‐injurious behavior, sleep disturbances, and developmental delay: A case report
Authors: Muda Alice , Malerba Laura , Giordano Lucio , Fazzi Elisa , Accorsi Patrizia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPUS7 gene pathogenic variants cause a deficiency in an RNA‐independent pseudouridine synthase, which results in a neurodevelopmental phenotype characterized by various degrees of psychomotor delay, acquired microcephaly, aggressive behavior, and intellectual disability. Since 2018, PUS7 deficiency has been described in 15 patients with different pathogenic variants but similar clinical phenotypes. We describe the case of a male infant with a homozygous truncating pathogenic variant in the PUS7 gene (c.329_332delCTGA; p.Thr110Argfs*4) who, in addition to the previously mentioned features, displays self‐injurious behavior, sleep disturbances and motor stereotypies.
Novel mosaic TRAF7 likely pathogenic variant in an African American family
Authors: Colleran Jack A. , Daykin Emily C. , Hernandez Cindy , Ray Joseph , Morand Megan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPathogenic variants in TRAF7 are often de novo and features of individuals harboring these variants are characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, ptosis, cardiac defects, limb anomalies, and dysmorphic features. We present a familial case in two African American patients with a novel, likely pathogenic c.1936G>A variant in TRAF7. Patient 1 is a 31‐year‐old female with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intellectual disability, ptosis, and other dysmorphic features. She was identified to harbor this likely pathogenic variant in a mosaic (33.89%) state in leukocytes. Her son, Patient 2, is a 10‐month‐old male with a PDA, atrial septal defect, ptosis, developmental delay, history of feeding difficulties, congenital maxillary frenulum, and malrotation of the intestine. He has the same variant in a non‐mosaic state. These cases demonstrate the variable expressivity observed with variants in TRAF7 within the same family and expand upon current understanding of mosaic TRAF7 variants. They also provide phenotypic data on genetic variation in individuals with African American ancestry, a population who has been underrepresented in the literature and may be less frequently referred to genetic specialists.