bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical (co)recursion: Mechanics
Authors: DOWNEN PAUL , ARIOLA ZENA M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recursion is a mature, well-understood topic in the theory and practice of programming. Yet its dual, corecursion is underappreciated and still seen as exotic. We aim to put them both on equal footing by giving a foundation for primitive corecursion based on computation, giving a terminating calculus analogous to the original computational foundation of recursion. We show how the implementation details in an abstract machine strengthens their connection, syntactically deriving corecursion from recursion via logical duality. We also observe the impact of evaluation strategy on the computational complexity of primitive (co)recursive combinators: call-by-name allows for more efficient recursion, but call-by-value allows for more efficient corecursion.
MODEL CATEGORIES AND PRO-p IWAHORI–HECKE MODULES
Authors: Dupré Nicolas , Kohlhaase Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet G denote a possibly discrete topological group admitting an open subgroup I which is pro-p. If H denotes the corresponding Hecke algebra over a field k of characteristic p, then we study the adjunction between H-modules and k-linear smooth G-representations in terms of various model structures. If H is a Gorenstein ring, we single out a full subcategory of smooth G-representations which is equivalent to the category of all Gorenstein projective H-modules via the functor of I-invariants. This applies to groups of rational points of split connected reductive groups over finite and over non-Archimedean local fields, thus generalizing a theorem of Cabanes. Moreover, we show that the Gorenstein projective model structure on the category of H-modules admits a right transfer. On the homotopy level, the right derived functor of I-invariants then admits a right inverse and becomes an equivalence when restricted to a suitable subcategory.
Essential Business: The Flu, the War, and the Economy
Authors: Ehrenfreund Max 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the First World War, the term “essential business” was used initially in military procurement, and then in disease control when pandemic influenza struck. Essential businesses were exempt from restrictions imposed in the interest of national defense or public health, so debates about essential business concerned the necessity of various goods and services to the consumer. Ultimately, the concept of essential business depended on a shared understanding of the American consumer’s rights and duties as a citizen. On the one hand, consumers furthered the state’s interests by complying with, interpreting, implementing, and enforcing public-health restrictions. On the other, what contemporaries called “the American standard of living” entitled citizens to maintain relatively large expenditures. This relationship between citizenship and consumption explains the economy’s surprising stability in 1918. The flu did not cause a depression because social norms authorized most consumer expenditures as legitimate and appropriate, even during the wartime epidemic. “Essential” work is theorized using the Marxist concept of socially necessary labor, which relates productivity and purchasing power to norms of consumption.
In search of a sustainable alternative for meat production: understanding the purchase intention of meat from transhumance origin
Authors: Martínez-Carrasco Martínez Laura , Brugarolas Mollá-Bauzá Margarita , Sánchez-Zapata José Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, meat production and consumption has become a topic of intense debate for environmental, animal welfare and health reasons. Research on more sustainable alternatives to meat production has increased. Our goal is to gain insight into the purchase of meat from transhumance livestock and to explore the main factors driving this process. This type of meat is more respectful towards the environment and animal welfare, provides financial stability for many rural families and helps preserve an activity that is part of the cultural heritage in rural areas. From a methodological point of view, we have adopted the theoretical alphabet theory model proposed by Zepeda and Deal in 2009 to explain sustainable purchase behavior. For this purpose, we created two different models, one for lamb meat and one for beef meat. The data come from an online survey of Spanish meat consumers. We applied a structural equation modeling technique to test the suggested model and hypothesis. The results allow us to conclude that the alphabet theory is a suitable theory for our data. The level of knowledge on transhumance and contextual factors, such as the content of fat or the type of meat, impact the creation of attitudes towards this type of livestock farming, but demographic variables do not. In both models, buying meat with a designation of origin and buying meat at specialty retailers are habits that positively influence purchase intention. Our results are highly relevant to help meat of transhumant origin reach the markets and to differentiate it from other products.
A reduced-order closed-loop hybrid dynamic model for design and development of lower limb prostheses
Authors: Driessen Josephus J.M. , Laffranchi Matteo , De Michieli Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This manuscript presents a simplified dynamic human-prosthesis model and simulation framework for the purpose of designing and developing lower limb prosthesis hardware and controllers. The objective was to provide an offline design tool to verify the closed-loop behavior of the prosthesis with the human, in order to avoid relying solely on limiting kinematic and kinetic reference trajectories of (able-bodied) subjects and associated static or inverse dynamic analyses, while not having to resort to complete neuromusculoskeletal models of the human that require extensive optimizations to run. The presented approach employs a reduced-order model that includes only the prosthetic limb and trunk in a multi-body dynamic model. External forces are applied to the trunk during stance phase of the intact leg to represent its presence. Walking is realized by employing the well-known spring-loaded inverted pendulum model, which is shown to generate realistic dynamics on the prosthesis while maintaining a stable and modifiable gait. This simple approach is inspired from the rationale that the human is adaptive, and from the desire to facilitate modifications or inclusions of additional user actions. The presented framework is validated with two use cases, featuring a commercial and research knee prosthesis in combination with a passive ankle prosthesis, performing a continuous sequence of standing still, walking at different velocities and stopping.
Investigation of Sustainable Rural Tourism Activities With Different Risk: A GIS‐MCDM Case in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Akbarian Ronizi Saeed Reza , Mokarram Marzieh , Negahban Saeed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDevelopment of rural tourism activities improves the quality of life, with many associated benefits for local people. Accordingly, this study aims to prioritize tourism areas in Isfahan province using the multiple‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) model to provide the best ecosystem services to tourists. Nine rural tourism activities (camel‐riding, hiking, mountaineering, desert tourism, wildlife observation, cycling, canyoning, camping, and horse riding) are assessed based on integrating the priorities of each suitability criteria (fuzzy membership and Analytic Hierarchical Process method) with the different risk levels. The results show that mountaineering (86.48% moderate risk; 91% high risk) and canyoning (70% moderate risk; 97% high risk) represent the best alternatives for development of tourism. According to the results of this research, tourists can make the best decisions about individual activities by determining their priorities based on associated levels of risk.
WHU‐GRACE‐GPD01s: A Series of Constrained Monthly Gravity Field Solutions Derived From GRACE‐Based Geopotential Differences
Authors: Zhong Bo , Li Xianpao , Chen Jianli , Li Qiong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo suppress the correlated noise of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) spherical harmonic (SH) solutions, we developed a series of constrained monthly gravity field solutions named WHU‐GRACE‐GPD01s from August 2002 to July 2016 using GRACE‐based geopotential differences. The constrained solutions were estimated using Kaula regularization, and the optimal regularization parameters were adaptively determined from the GRACE data itself through variance component estimation. The performance of the constrained WHU‐GRACE‐GPD01s solutions was validated against the official SH solutions (GFZ, JPL, and CSR RL06) and mass concentration (mascon) solutions (CSR RL06M) at global and regional scales. The results demonstrate that mass changes derived from the constrained solutions and official SH solutions with DDK4 filtering are in good agreement, but the constrained solutions present weaker longitudinal stripes and have a lower noise level at regional scales (e.g., in the Middle Pacific Ocean and Sahara Desert). Furthermore, regional mass changes (e.g., major river basins, Greenland, and Antarctic ice sheet) inferred from the constrained solutions agree with the ones derived from the official SH solutions with DDK4 filtering. The constrained solutions also have a higher signal intensity and smaller spatial leakages as compared to the CSR RL06 SH solutions with spatial filtering (Gaussian filtering plus de‐striping). For the problematic months, the constrained solutions are more reliable than the official SH solutions using spatial filtering or DDK4 filtering, and are closer to CSR RL06M mascon solutions. These validations demonstrate that our constrained solutions are comparable to the official SH solutions and can be used without postprocessing.
An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma
Authors: Davalos Veronica , Lovell Claudia D. , Von Itter Richard , Dolgalev Igor , Agrawal Praveen , Baptiste Gillian , Kahler David J. , Sokolova Elena , Moran Sebastian , Piqué Laia , Vega-Saenz de Miera Eleazar , Fontanals-Cirera Barbara , Karz Alcida , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Yun Chi , Darvishian Farbod , Etchevers Heather C. , Osman Iman , Esteller Manel , Schober Markus , Hernando Eva 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetastatic melanoma develops once transformed melanocytic cells begin to de-differentiate into migratory and invasive melanoma cells with neural crest cell (NCC)-like and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. However, it is still unclear how transformed melanocytes assume a metastatic melanoma cell state. Here, we define DNA methylation changes that accompany metastatic progression in melanoma patients and discover Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F, Member 2 – isoform 2 (NR2F2-Iso2) as an epigenetically regulated metastasis driver. NR2F2-Iso2 is transcribed from an alternative transcriptional start site (TSS) and it is truncated at the N-terminal end which encodes the NR2F2 DNA-binding domain. We find that NR2F2-Iso2 expression is turned off by DNA methylation when NCCs differentiate into melanocytes. Conversely, this process is reversed during metastatic melanoma progression, when NR2F2-Iso2 becomes increasingly hypomethylated and re-expressed. Our functional and molecular studies suggest that NR2F2-Iso2 drives metastatic melanoma progression by modulating the activity of full-length NR2F2 (Isoform 1) over EMT- and NCC-associated target genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation changes play a crucial role during metastatic melanoma progression, and their control of NR2F2 activity allows transformed melanocytes to acquire NCC-like and EMT-like features. This epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity facilitates cell state transitions and metastatic spread.
Single-molecule fingerprinting of protein-drug interaction using a funneled biological nanopore
Authors: Jeong Ki-Baek , Ryu Minju , Kim Jin-Sik , Kim Minsoo , Yoo Jejoong , Chung Minji , Oh Sohee , Jo Gyunghee , Lee Seong-Gyu , Kim Ho Min , Lee Mi-Kyung , Chi Seung-Wook 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn drug discovery, efficient screening of protein-drug interactions (PDIs) is hampered by the limitations of current biophysical approaches. Here, we develop a biological nanopore sensor for single-molecule detection of proteins and PDIs using the pore-forming toxin YaxAB. Using this YaxAB nanopore, we demonstrate label-free, single-molecule detection of interactions between the anticancer Bcl-xL protein and small-molecule drugs as well as the Bak-BH3 peptide. The long funnel-shaped structure and nanofluidic characteristics of the YaxAB nanopore enable the electro-osmotic trapping of diverse folded proteins and high-resolution monitoring of PDIs. Distinctive nanopore event distributions observed in the two-dimensional (ΔI/Io-versus-IN) plot illustrate the ability of the YaxAB nanopore to discriminate individual small-molecule drugs bound to Bcl-xL from non-binders. Taken together, our results present the YaxAB nanopore as a robust platform for label-free, ultrasensitive, single-molecule detection of PDIs, opening up a possibility for low-cost, highly efficient drug discovery against diverse drug targets.
Substantial lifetime enhancement for Si-based photoanodes enabled by amorphous TiO2 coating with improved stoichiometry
Authors: Dong Yutao , Abbasi Mehrdad , Meng Jun , German Lazarus , Carlos Corey , Li Jun , Zhang Ziyi , Morgan Dane , Hwang Jinwoo , Wang Xudong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) film coating by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a promising strategy to extend the photoelectrode lifetime to meet the industrial standard for solar fuel generation. To realize this promise, the essential structure-property relationship that dictates the protection lifetime needs to be uncovered. In this work, we reveal that in addition to the imbedded crystalline phase, the presence of residual chlorine (Cl) ligands is detrimental to the silicon (Si) photoanode lifetime. We further demonstrate that post-ALD in-situ water treatment can effectively decouple the ALD reaction completeness from crystallization. The as-processed TiO2 film has a much lower residual Cl concentration and thus an improved film stoichiometry, while its uniform amorphous phase is well preserved. As a result, the protected Si photoanode exhibits a substantially improved lifetime to ~600 h at a photocurrent density of more than 30 mA/cm2. This study demonstrates a significant advancement toward sustainable hydrogen generation.
Molecular orientation-dependent energetic shifts in solution-processed non-fullerene acceptors and their impact on organic photovoltaic performance
Authors: Fu Yuang , Lee Tack Ho , Chin Yi-Chun , Pacalaj Richard A. , Labanti Chiara , Park Song Yi , Dong Yifan , Cho Hye Won , Kim Jin Young , Minami Daiki , Durrant James R. , Kim Ji-Seon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) employed in state-of-art organic photovoltaics (OPVs) often exhibit strong quadrupole moments which can strongly impact on material energetics. Herein, we show that changing the orientation of Y6, a prototypical NFA, from face-on to more edge-on by using different processing solvents causes a significant energetic shift of up to 210 meV. The impact of this energetic shift on OPV performance is investigated in both bilayer and bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) devices with PM6 polymer donor. The device electronic bandgap and the rate of non-geminate recombination are found to depend on the Y6 orientation in both bilayer and BHJ devices, attributed to the quadrupole moment-induced band bending. Analogous energetic shifts are also observed in other common polymer/NFA blends, which correlates well with NFA quadrupole moments. This work demonstrates the key impact of NFA quadruple moments and molecular orientation on material energetics and thereby on the efficiency of high-performance OPVs.
Multiplatform analyses reveal distinct drivers of systemic pathogenesis in adult versus pediatric severe acute COVID-19
Authors: Druzak Samuel , Iffrig Elizabeth , Roberts Blaine R. , Zhang Tiantian , Fibben Kirby S. , Sakurai Yumiko , Verkerke Hans P. , Rostad Christina A. , Chahroudi Ann , Schneider Frank , Wong Andrew Kam Ho , Roberts Anne M. , Chandler Joshua D. , Kim Susan O. , Mosunjac Mario , Mosunjac Marina , Geller Rachel , Albizua Igor , Stowell Sean R. , Arthur Connie M. , Anderson Evan J. , Ivanova Anna A. , Ahn Jun , Liu Xueyun , Maner-Smith Kristal , Bowen Thomas , Paiardini Mirko , Bosinger Steve E. , Roback John D. , Kulpa Deanna A. , Silvestri Guido , Lam Wilbur A. , Ortlund Eric A. , Maier Cheryl L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis of multi-organ dysfunction associated with severe acute SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly understood. Endothelial damage and microvascular thrombosis have been identified as drivers of COVID-19 severity, yet the mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. Here we show alterations in fluid shear stress-responsive pathways in critically ill COVID-19 adults as compared to non-COVID critically ill adults using a multiomics approach. Mechanistic in-vitro studies, using microvasculature-on-chip devices, reveal that plasma from critically ill COVID-19 adults induces fibrinogen-dependent red blood cell aggregation that mechanically damages the microvascular glycocalyx. This mechanism appears unique to COVID-19, as plasma from non-COVID sepsis patients demonstrates greater red blood cell membrane stiffness but induces less significant alterations in overall blood rheology. Multiomics analyses in pediatric patients with acute COVID-19 or the post-infectious multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) demonstrate little overlap in plasma cytokine and metabolite changes compared to adult COVID-19 patients. Instead, pediatric acute COVID-19 and MIS-C patients show alterations strongly associated with cytokine upregulation. These findings link high fibrinogen and red blood cell aggregation with endotheliopathy in adult COVID-19 patients and highlight differences in the key mediators of pathogenesis between adult and pediatric populations.
Meta-learning biologically plausible plasticity rules with random feedback pathways
Authors: Shervani-Tabar Navid , Rosenbaum Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackpropagation is widely used to train artificial neural networks, but its relationship to synaptic plasticity in the brain is unknown. Some biological models of backpropagation rely on feedback projections that are symmetric with feedforward connections, but experiments do not corroborate the existence of such symmetric backward connectivity. Random feedback alignment offers an alternative model in which errors are propagated backward through fixed, random backward connections. This approach successfully trains shallow models, but learns slowly and does not perform well with deeper models or online learning. In this study, we develop a meta-learning approach to discover interpretable, biologically plausible plasticity rules that improve online learning performance with fixed random feedback connections. The resulting plasticity rules show improved online training of deep models in the low data regime. Our results highlight the potential of meta-learning to discover effective, interpretable learning rules satisfying biological constraints.
Increased cortical structural covariance correlates with anhedonia in schizophrenia
Authors: Yu Lingfang , Wu Zenan , Wang Dandan , Guo Chaoyue , Teng Xinyue , Zhang Guofu , Fang Xinyu , Zhang Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnhedonia is a common symptom in schizophrenia and is closely related to poor functional outcomes. Several lines of evidence reveal that the orbitofrontal cortex plays an important role in anhedonia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate abnormalities in structural covariance within the orbitofrontal subregions, and to further study their role in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia in schizophrenia. T1 images of 35 schizophrenia patients and 45 healthy controls were obtained. The cortical thickness of 68 cerebral regions parcellated by the Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlas was calculated. The structural covariance within the orbitofrontal subregions was calculated in both schizophrenia and healthy control groups. Stepwise linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between structural covariance and anhedonia in schizophrenia patients. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited higher structural covariance between the left and right medial orbitofrontal thickness, the left lateral orbitofrontal thickness and left pars orbitalis thickness compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). This results imply that the increased structural covariance in orbitofrontal thickness may be involved in the process of developing anhedonia in schizophrenia. The result indicated that the increased structural covariance between the left and right medial orbitofrontal thickness might be a protective factor for anticipatory pleasure (B’ = 0.420,p = 0.012).
Hexavalent chromium reduction and Rhodamine B degradation by visible-light-driven photocatalyst of stannum indium sulfide-samarium vanadate
Authors: Asoubar Shahrzad , Mehrizad Ali , Behnajady Mohammad A. , Ramazani Mohammad Ebrahim , Gharbani Parvin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a flower-like SnIn4S8/SmVO4 heterostructure was synthesized by applying a hydrothermal approach and used as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and Rhodamine B (RhB). The process design and optimization were carried out by response surface methodology (RSM). An artificial neural network (ANN) was also used to determine the relative importance of operational factors. Under RSM-based optimal conditions, the Cr6+ and RhB removal efficiency reached 90.93 and 97.57%, respectively. Process modeling by ANN revealed pH as the most influential factor in Cr6+ and dye removal. The predominant photocatalytic activity of SnIn4S8/SmVO4 was attributed to its Z-scheme structure, leading to the significant separation of charge carriers and conserving the redox capacity of the photogenerated electron-holes. Kinetic studies revealed that the SnIn4S8/SmVO4 could achieve considerable rate constants of 0.036 and 0.080 min−1 to remove Cr6+ and RhB, respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst’s reusability was confirmed under optimal conditions.
Structural basis for translation inhibition by the glycosylated drosocin peptide
Authors: Koller Timm O. , Morici Martino , Berger Max , Safdari Haaris A. , Lele Deepti S. , Beckert Bertrand , Kaur Kanwal J. , Wilson Daniel N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe proline-rich antimicrobial peptide (PrAMP) drosocin is produced by Drosophila species to combat bacterial infection. Unlike many PrAMPs, drosocin is O-glycosylated at threonine 11, a post-translation modification that enhances its antimicrobial activity. Here we demonstrate that the O-glycosylation not only influences cellular uptake of the peptide but also interacts with its intracellular target, the ribosome. Cryogenic electron microscopy structures of glycosylated drosocin on the ribosome at 2.0–2.8-Å resolution reveal that the peptide interferes with translation termination by binding within the polypeptide exit tunnel and trapping RF1 on the ribosome, reminiscent of that reported for the PrAMP apidaecin. The glycosylation of drosocin enables multiple interactions with U2609 of the 23S rRNA, leading to conformational changes that break the canonical base pair with A752. Collectively, our study reveals novel molecular insights into the interaction of O-glycosylated drosocin with the ribosome, which provide a structural basis for future development of this class of antimicrobials.