bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Age on Eye Movements during Reading in Early Elementary School Children
Authors: Wertli Jason , Schötzau Andreas , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose Eye movement disorders have been observed in many eye diseases, such as amblyopia and developmental dyslexia. The detection of pathological eye movement behaviour is
difficult and requires more data for comparison. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of age, school level, gender, and mother tongue on eye movements
while reading.
Methods One hundred and twenty-seven normally sighted children aged 7 – 12 were recruited from grades 2 – 5. The children were asked to read aloud two texts of The New International
Reading Speed Text (IReST) of similar difficulty. Eye movements while reading were recorded by eyetracking technology (SMI RED 250, SensoMotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany). The eye
movement parameters were obtained from 118 children, and reading speed (words/minute), number of saccades, number of fixations, reading errors, and influence of school grade were
analyzed.
Results We showed a significant influence of age in all eye movement parameters. The main finding of this study is that younger children performed more saccades, a higher number of
fixations per word, and more reading errors while taking more time to read the text than older children in higher grades. In early grades, non-native German speakers read more slowly and
performed more saccades and fixations, but no more differences were seen by grade 5. Overall, there was no significant influence of gender or school system on reading parameters.
Conclusion This study highlights the need for an age-appropriate normative database for eye movements during reading.
Resident Vitreoretinal Procedure Volume: Effect of Intravitreal Injections, Region, Program Size, and Vitreoretinal Fellowship and Veterans Affairs Affiliation
Authors: Justin Grant A. , Purt Boonkit , Abousy Mya , Qiu Mary , Fekrat Sharon , Woreta Fasika A. , Vajzovic Lejla 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose To analyze resident vitreoretinal procedure volume across Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited ophthalmology residency programs. We assessed the effect of the increase in intravitreal injections (IVI), geographic region, program size, and Veterans Affairs (VA) and vitreoretinal fellowship affiliation on vitreoretinal procedures.
Methods A request was sent to all residency programs in 2018 for their graduating residents' ACGME case logs. Vitreoretinal procedures were defined by ACGME case log categories and included vitreoretinal surgery, peripheral retinal lasers, and IVI. Procedures were categorized by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code. Programs were studied by geographic region, program size, and by VA and vitreoretinal fellowship affiliation.
Results A total of 38 of 115 (33.0%) programs responded, and 167 residents logged 32,860 vitreoretinal procedures. The median number of retina procedures per resident was 146 (range 36–729). Programs with a vitreoretinal fellowship had a higher average number of vitreoretinal procedures per resident (208.3 vs. 125.0; p = 0.002), but there was no difference between the average number of non-IVI vitreoretinal procedures (60.0 vs. 64.2; p = 0.32). For IVI, VA affiliation (146.6 vs. 71.1; p = 0.02) and vitreoretinal fellowship (149.4 vs. 60.8; p < 0.001) were associated with a greater number. More IVI strongly correlated with a larger total volume of retinal procedures (r = 0.98), and there was no difference across programs for total retinal procedures when IVI was removed.
Conclusions The presence of a vitreoretinal fellowship at a residency program had a positive effect on resident total vitreoretinal case volume, but their residents performed more IVI. Programs without vitreoretinal fellowships completed on average more non-IVI procedures.
Review of the Literature on Ramadan Fasting and Health in 2022
Authors: Hafidh Khadija , Khan Maria , Shaikh Tariq G. , Abdurahman Husen , Elamouri Jamila , Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives The literature on health and disease during Ramadan fasting (RF) is widely spread in many journals making it not readily accessible to those interested in the subject. Here, we provide an overview of the research on the interplay of RF with various aspects of well-being published in 2022.
Materials and Methods A narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from a single major medical online database, PubMed, in one calendar year (2022) was conducted. The search term “Ramadan fasting” was used to retrieve the appropriate records. The relevant literature with substantial data-based content was presented in a concise thematic account, excluding those concerned with diabetes.
Results Themes that emerged from the review included the pathophysiology of metabolic changes during RF, nutritional aspects including body composition and energy metabolism, cardiovascular disease and risk factors, renal function and structure, endocrinology (mainly thyroid), neurological disorders, mental health, pregnancy and fetal life, and infections (including COVID). Some miscellaneous clinical themes were identified, such as patients' and professional perspectives.
Conclusions In 2022, the medical interest in RF was again widely spread across specialties. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors attract the most interest in terms of original articles and professional guidelines. We hope with this review to present a concise summary of the scholarly work on the subject in this year.
Financial returns to corporate brand extensions: does typicality matter?
Authors: Sezen Burcu , Hanssens Dominique 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNews of extensions can cause stock price movements in the parent brand. Marketers extend brands into areas that vary in how typical they are of the parent brand. The degree of extension typicality can be an important cue for investors in their performance expectations of the brand. Integrating insights from Categorization Theory, Behavioral Finance, and Berlyne’s Two-Factor Theory, the authors argue that the impact of typicality on investor reactions depends upon the level of market exposure to a particular brand extension. Our study emphasizes that firms should take critical marketing actions to influence the buzz around the launch, depending on the extension’s typicality level. The results support our hypotheses. Particularly interesting is the finding that more atypical extensions become acceptable the greater market exposure to them (through marketing efforts as advertising and public relations).
Construct types in language change
Authors: Schneider Stefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article combines ideas and concepts deriving from grammaticalization studies, cognitive linguistics and
construction grammar. Specifically, it takes three important ideas developed within grammaticalization research, namely
untypical context, bridging or critical context and isolating or
switch context (Evans & Wilkins 2000, 2006; Heine 2002), and remodels them with the concepts construct and
construction. This enables the definition of three salient construct types present in historical corpora that
are placed in the continuum between individual variation and language change: extensional constructs, ambiguous
constructs and adaptive constructs. Each construct type characterizes a specific phase in language
change. The data presented as illustration of the construct types stem from historical and contemporary corpora of written French,
Italian and Spanish.
Mid-infrared optical properties of non-magnetic-metal/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
Authors: Flores-Camacho J M , Rana Bivas , Balderas-Navarro R E , Lastras-Martínez A , Otani Yoshichika , Puebla Jorge 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report on the optical characterization of non-magnetic metal (NM)/ferromagnetic (Co20Fe60B20)/MgO heterostructures and interfaces by using mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopic ellipsometry at room temperature. We extracted for the MIR range the dielectric function (DF) of Co20Fe60B20, that is lacking in literature, from a multisample analysis. From the optical modeling of the heterostructures we detected and determined the dielectric tensor properties of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) forming at the NM and the CoFeB interface. These properties comprise independent Drude parameters for the in-plane and out-of plane tensor components, with the latter having an epsilon-near-zero frequency within our working spectral range. A feature assigned to spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is identified. Furthermore, it is found that both, the interfacial properties, 2DEG Drude parameters and SOC strength, and the apparent DF of the MgO layer depend on the type of the underlying NM, namely, Pt, W, or Cu. The results reported here should be useful in tailoring novel phenomena in such types of heterostructures by assessing their optical response noninvasively, complementing existing characterization tools such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and those related to electron/spin transport.
Design and experimental study of a flexible finger rehabilitation robot driven by shape memory alloy
Authors: Zuo Kexin , Zhang Yingru , Liu Kai , Li Jian , Wang Yangwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The importance of hand function is evident in daily human life. However, different degrees of hand motor impairments after damage caused by stroke and other nervous system diseases bring great trouble to patients’ daily life. For this reason, a flexible finger rehabilitation robot driven by shape memory alloy wire was proposed in this paper and was equipped with a range extender of shape memory alloy wire wiring. The structural design was optimized by exploring the movement mechanism of the finger joint to achieve the requirement of imitating the normal motion function of the human finger. Based on the driving model of the finger rehabilitation robot, the prototype was made and tested, in which the total weight of the prototype is 393 g. When the drive voltage is 20 V, the maximum joint angle that the finger rehabilitation robot can achieve is about 85% of that of healthy people, in addition, it can help patients grasp most of the daily objects successfully, and can meet the basic requirements of finger rehabilitation.
The meso-structures analysis of truss-like lightweight materials based on symmetric groups
Authors: Ma Zhenhao , Ma Wensuo , Ma Zhenyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Truss-like lightweight materials (TLLMs) with superior mechanical performance and excellent energy absorption capability are extensively used in aerospace and automobile industries. The performance of TLLM was closely related to its meso-structure, but the lack of innovation and variety in the geometric configuration of TLLM’s meso-structure limits the reinforcement effect and strength enhancement. Hence, it is important to thoroughly study the theoretical design method for TLLM’s meso-structure. Inspired by the symmetric feature of TLLM’s meso-structures, the symmetric groups were applied to describe, classify and design TLLM’s meso-structures. First of all, it was found that the representative volume unit (RVU) of TLLM corresponded to point groups that contained the symmetry of TLLM’s meso-structure. Space groups, which consist of point groups and space lattices, could be used to describe the geometric configuration of TLLM’s meso-structures. Then, TLLM’s meso-structures were classified according to different types of point groups. Finally, a description and design method for TLLM’s meso-structure based on the symmetric group theory was proposed. In addition, a novel TLLM’s meso-structure was deduced through the symmetric operations of space group, which could verify the feasibility of the method. Therefore, the present study provides a basis for the design of high-performance TLLMs.
Flexible planar capacitive devices for hydration and sweat sensing
Authors: Naveed Shayan , Jinzhong Ma , Shahzad Shazrah , Wu Xiaoming , Ren Tianling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Skin is one of the most complex structures in the body, with many physiological functions. Skin acts as the barrier or an interface between the external environment and internal organs. Hydration within the skin is varied, known as the skin’s water-loading. Perspiration occurs when watery fluid is secreted through the eccrine and apocrine glands. Flexible epidermal sensors are fabricated, which can be used to measure skin hydration and perspiration (sweat) as these sensors need to be skin-conformable. Polyimide and polydimethylsiloxane are used as they are flexible and skin compliant, and the sensing layer is formed on them. The sensitivity of hydration sensors was in the range of 0.002–0.0046/%, while for sweat sensors, it was in the range of 0.092–0.116 μl−1. Stability tests indicated that external factors such as environment or physical deformation and skin curvature do not affect the performance of the as-prepared sensors. The sensitivity and stability results of the planar capacitor are highly suitable for flexible hydration and sweat-sensing applications. The proposed sensors offer an outstandingly good option for incorporation into wearable systems for physical personal health monitoring. In the future, we plan to integrate these sensors on a single substrate to create a multimodal device.
Quantification of electronic and magnetoelastic mechanisms of first-order magnetic phase transitions from first principles: application to caloric effects in La(Fe x
Si 1−x
)13
Authors: Mendive Tapia Eduardo , Patrick Christopher E , Hickel Tilmann , Neugebauer Jörg , Staunton Julie B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

L
a

(

F
e

x

S
i

1
−
x

)

13

and derived quaternary compounds are well-known for their giant, tunable, magneto- and barocaloric responses around a first-order paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition near room temperature with low hysteresis. Remarkably, such a transition shows a large spontaneous volume change together with itinerant electron metamagnetic features. While magnetovolume effects are well-established mechanisms driving first-order transitions, purely electronic sources have a long, subtle history and remain poorly understood. Here we apply a disordered local moment picture to quantify electronic and magnetoelastic effects at finite temperature in

L
a

(

F
e

x

S
i

1
−
x

)

13

from first-principles. We obtain results in very good agreement with experiment and demonstrate that the magnetoelastic coupling, rather than purely electronic mechanisms, drives the first-order character and causes at the same time a huge electronic entropy contribution to the caloric response.
Nuclear data for fusion: inventory validation successes and future needs
Authors: Gilbert Mark R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nuclear data, describing neutron reaction probabilities (cross sections) and decay behaviour, are critical to the design and operation of fusion experiments and future fusion power plants. Equally vital, are the inventory codes that use the data to predict neutron-induced activation and transmutation of materials, which will define the radiological hazards that must be managed during reactor operation and decommissioning. Transmutation, including gas production, combined with the neutron-induced displacement damage, will also cause the properties of materials to degrade, for example through swelling and embrittlement, eventually limiting the lifetime of components. Thus validated and accurate nuclear data and inventory codes are essential. For data validation there are decay heat measurements performed at FNS in Japan more than 20 years ago. The experiments produced an invaluable database for benchmarking of nuclear data libraries; the latest versions of several international libraries perform well against this data during tests with the FISPACT-II inventory code, although there is still scope for improvement. A recent attempt to provide fusion-relevant validation based on γ-spectroscopy data from neutron-irradiated material samples tests produced predictions for short-lived (several hours or less) radionuclides. The detailed analysis performed for molybdenum demonstrates how these data could eventually provide a new benchmark, and also illustrates the potential benefits of further experiments targeting the longer-lived radionuclides relevant to maintenance and decommissioning timescales. There are also some successful tests of transmutation predictions with FISPACT-II. These direct validations of inventory simulations are critical for lifetime predictions and future experiments should learn lessons from the examples described for tungsten, which demonstrate the importance of an accurate description of the neutron spectrum in experiments. More novel experimental techniques are needed to measure helium production in materials such as Fe and C, but the need to validate the nuclear data evaluations used by simulations should motivate future experimental efforts.
Long-term major adverse cardiovascular events following myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery: meta-analysis
Authors: Strickland Scarlett S , Quintela Ella M , Wilson Matthew J , Lee Matthew J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery is diagnosed following asymptomatic troponin elevation in the perioperative interval. Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery is associated with high mortality rates and significant rates of major adverse cardiac events within the first 30 days following surgery. However, less is known regarding its impact on mortality and morbidity beyond this time. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the rates of long-term morbidity and mortality associated with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched, and abstracts screened by two reviewers. Observational studies and control arms of trials, reporting mortality and cardiovascular outcomes beyond 30 days in adult patients diagnosed with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis of outcome subgroups.ResultsSearches identified 40 studies. The meta-analysis of 37 cohort studies found a rate of major adverse cardiac events-associated myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery of 21 per cent and mortality following myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery was 25 per cent at 1-year follow-up. A non-linear increase in mortality rate was observed up to 1 year after surgery. Major adverse cardiac event rates were also lower in elective surgery compared with a subgroup including emergency cases. The analysis demonstrated a wide variety of accepted myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery and major adverse cardiac events diagnostic criteria within the included studies.ConclusionA diagnosis of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery is associated with high rates of poor cardiovascular outcomes up to 1 year after surgery. Work is needed to standardize diagnostic criteria and reporting of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery-related outcomes.RegistrationThis review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO in October 2021 (CRD42021283995).
Glymphatic clearance estimated using diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces is reduced after traumatic brain injury and correlates with plasma neurofilament light, a biomarker of injury severity
Authors: Butler Tracy , Zhou Liangdong , Ozsahin Ilker , Wang Xiuyuan Hugh , Garetti Jacob , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Jamison Keith , de Leon Mony J , Li Yi , Kuceyeski Amy , Shah Sudhin A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The glymphatic system is a perivascular fluid clearance system, most active during sleep, considered important for clearing the brain of waste products and toxins. Glymphatic failure is hypothesized to underlie brain protein deposition in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Preclinical evidence suggests that a functioning glymphatic system is also essential for recovery from traumatic brain injury, which involves release of debris and toxic proteins that need to be cleared from the brain. In a cross-sectional observational study, we estimated glymphatic clearance using diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces, an MRI-derived measure of water diffusivity surrounding veins in the periventricular region, in 13 non-injured controls and 37 subjects who had experienced traumatic brain injury ∼5 months previously. We additionally measured the volume of the perivascular space using T2-weighted MRI. We measured plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of injury severity, in a subset of subjects. Diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces index was modestly though significantly lower in subjects with traumatic brain injury compared with controls when covarying for age. Diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces index was significantly, negatively correlated with blood levels of neurofilament light chain. Perivascular space volume did not differ in subjects with traumatic brain injury as compared with controls and did not correlate with blood levels of neurofilament light chain, suggesting it may be a less sensitive measure for injury-related perivascular clearance changes. Glymphatic impairment after traumatic brain injury could be due to mechanisms such as mislocalization of glymphatic water channels, inflammation, proteinopathy and/or sleep disruption. Diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular spaces is a promising method for estimating glymphatic clearance, though additional work is needed to confirm results and assess associations with outcome. Understanding changes in glymphatic functioning following traumatic brain injury could inform novel therapies to improve short-term recovery and reduce later risk of neurodegeneration.
Resilient Vector Consensus Over Random Dynamic Networks Under Mobile Malicious Attacks
Authors: Shang Yilun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the problem of resilient vector consensus for a group of dynamic agents against mobile malicious attacks. As real networks often operate under random environment and noises, we approach this problem by considering general random dynamic networks with weighted directed topologies. We propose three types of mobile attack models, which differ in the timing of moving of attackers and the capability of detecting such moving. By employing distributed discrete-time algorithms, the Lyapunov theory and martingale convergence theorem, resilient vector consensus is shown to be reached for all three models when the underlying network satisfies certain stochastic robustness conditions.
Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake)
Authors: Kurokochi Hiroyuki , Tajima Naoyuki , Sato Mitsuhiko P , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Asakawa Shuichi , Isobe Sachiko , Shirasawa Kenta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Here, we report the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake), which consists of 13 sequences (spanning 161.0 Mb) and a 76 kb circular mitochondrial genome. All the 13 sequences were supported with telomeric repeats at the ends. GC-rich regions are located at the middle of the sequences and are enriched with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs). Repetitive sequences including long-terminal repeats (LTRs) and LINEs occupy 71.6% of the genome. A total of 21,887 potential protein-coding genes were predicted. The genomic data reported in this study served not only matsutake gene sequences but also genome structures and intergenic sequences. The information gained would be a great reference for exploring the genetics, genomics, and evolutionary study of matsutake in the future, and ultimately facilitate the conservation of this vulnerable genetic resource.