bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile construction of Z-scheme AgCl/Bi3TaO7 photocatalysts for effective removal of tetracycline under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Guo Xiaoxin , Liu Jun , Li Dan , Cheng Hongjun , Liu Kankan , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Tiansheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A string of AgCl/Bi3TaO7 two-component composite was synthesized by hydrothermal and deposition-precipitation process initially. The photocatalytic activities of mixed-phase AgCl/Bi3TaO7 were evaluated toward the decomposition of tetracycline (TC). Among these as-prepared materials, AgCl/Bi3TaO7 nanocomposites when the molar ratio of baked materials between AgCl and Bi3TaO7 was 1:5 presented the optimal photocatalytic quantum efficiency for TC dissociation (86.82%) with visible light exposure, which was 1.69 and 2.38 folders than that of single Bi3TaO7 and AgCl, respectively. What's more, it illustrated that the photogenerated carriers were markedly isolated on account of the formation of heterojunction confirmed by EIS analysis. Meanwhile, radical trapping experiments implied that the photo-induced holes (h+), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (·O-2) were the major active species. The escalated photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the unique construction of Z-scheme AgCl/Bi3TaO7 heterojunction, which could expedite charge separation and transmission, cement light absorption capability and retain the strong redox ability of photogenerated electrons and holes. Our finding suggests that AgCl/Bi3TaO7 nanocomposites possess great potential for photocatalytic oxidation of residual TC in the wastewater effluents and the reported strategy can contribute to the development of novel high-performance photocatalyst.
Therapeutic Potential of The Low-dose IL-2 Through Targeting the Th17/Treg Axis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Mice
Authors: Wang Zilong , Liu Zhicheng , Zheng Jiarui , Huang Linxiang , Jin Rui , Wang Xiaoxiao , Chen Dongbo , Xie Yandi , Feng Bo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background/aims
: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease. The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells has been reported in PBC patients. low-dose IL-2 can alleviate disease severity through modulating CD4 + T cell subsets in patients with autoimmune diseases. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the effects and mechanism of low-dose IL-2 in PBC mouse models.
Methods
PBC models were induced in female C57BL/6 mice by two immunizations with 2OA-BSA at two-week intervals, and poly I: C every three days. PBC mice were divided into the IL-2 treated and untreated groups and low-dose IL-2 was injected at three different time points. Th17 and Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the related cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Liver histopathology was examined by H&E and immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Twelve weeks after modeling, the serum AMA was positive and the ALP was significantly increased in PBC mice (P༜0.05). The pathology showed lymphocyte infiltration in the portal area, damage, and reactive proliferation of the small bile duct (P༜0.05). The flow cytometric showed the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in the liver of PBC mice, with decreased Treg cells, increased Th17 cells and Th17/Treg ratio (P < 0.05). After the low-dose IL-2 intervention, biochemical index and liver pathologies showed improvement at 12 weeks. Besides, the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells recovered. Public database mining showed that Th17 cell differentiation may contribute to poor response in PBC patients.
Conclusion
Low-dose IL-2 can significantly improve liver biochemistry and pathology by reversing the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target for PBC.
Exciton splitting in 2D layered metal-halide perovskites
Authors: Simbula Angelica , Wu Luyan , Pitzalis Federico , Pau Riccardo , Lai Stefano , Liu Fang , Matta Selene , Marongiu Daniela , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Layered 2D perovskites are making inroads as materials for photovoltaics and light emitting diodes, but the photophysics of their optical excitations is still debated. Although their large exciton binding energies should hinder charge separation, significant evidence has been uncovered for an abundance of free carriers. Several explanations have been proposed, like exciton splitting at grain boundaries or polaron formation, without clarifying yet if excitons form and then split, or if the formation is prevented by competing relaxation processes. Here we address exciton stability in layered PEA2PbI4 in n = 1 Ruddlesden-Popper phase, both in form of thin film and single crystal. Samples are resonantly excited to directly inject cold excitons, whose dissociation is then demonstrated with femtosecond differential transmission. The results presented here establish the intrinsic nature of exciton dissociation in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, demonstrating that they are free carrier semiconductors like their 3D counterparts, belonging to a universal photophysical framework.
Expanding Community Health Worker decision space: impacts of a Participatory Action Research training intervention in a rural South African district
Authors: Abruquah Nana Akua , Witter Sophie , Mabetha Denny , Merwe Maria van der , Goosen Gerhard , Sigudla Jerry , D'Ambruoso Lucia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND

While recognised in policy and strategy, in practice, Community Health Workers (CHWs) in South Africa experience many challenges. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, CHW roles have expanded, shifting from communities to clinics. The objective was to assess a community-based training intervention to support functionality and local decision-making of CHWs in rural South Africa, aiding CHWs to undertake new, expanded roles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: CHWs from three rural villages were recruited and trained in rapid Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods via a series of workshops with community stakeholders. Training was designed to support CHWs to convene community groups, raise and/or respond to health concerns, understand concerns from different perspectives, and facilitate and monitor action in communities, health, and other public services. Narrative data from in-depth interviews with CHWs before and after the intervention were thematically analysed using the decision space framework to examine functionality in devolved decision-making.
RESULTS: CHWs reported experiencing multiple, intersecting challenges: lack of financial, logistical and health systems support, poor role clarity, precarious employment, low and no pay, unstable organizational capacity, and fragile accountability mechanisms. CHWs had considerable commitment and resilience in the face of COVID-19 in terms of increased workloads, increased risk of infection and death, low job security and poor remuneration. The training intervention addressed some resourcing issues, increased management capacity, gave CHWs greater role clarity, improved community mobilisation skills and forged new community and facility-based relationships and alliances. Through regular spaces and processes for cooperative learning and collective action, the intervention supported CHWs to rework their agency in more empowered ways with communities, clinic staff and health managers, and among peers. The training thus served as an implementation support strategy for primary healthcare (PHC).
CONCLUSION: The analysis revealed fundamental issues of recognition of CHWs as a permanent, central feature in PHC. The training intervention was positively impactful in widening decision space for CHWs, supporting functionality and agency for local decision-making. The intervention has been recommended for scale-up by the local health authority. Further support for and analysis of how to sustain expansion of CHW decision space is warranted.
Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and its Correlation with the Differentiation Process of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Meng Heng , Zhang Duo , Guo Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate and compare DWI, IVIM and DKI in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and their correlation with the degree of differentiation.
Methods: DWI, IVIM and DKI imaging data of 39 cases of cervical cancer (cervical cancer group) and 30 cases of normal cervical patients (normal cervical group) were retrospectively analyzed. The ADC values of DWI single exponential model, IVIM related double exponential parameters (ADC slow (D), ADC fast (D *) and diffusion fraction (f) and DKI related parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient (MK), apparent kurtosis coefficient (MD) were compared between cervical cancer group with different differentiation degree, normal cervical group and cervical cancer group.
Results: Compared with the normal cervical tissue, the ADC, D, MD values of cervical cancer group were lower, and the D *, f, MK values were increased, all the parameters were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The higher the differentiation degree of cervical cancer, the higher ADC, D, MD values, and the smaller D*, F, MK values. The difference of ADC, D and MK values was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MK value had the best diagnostic efficiency in the differential diagnosis of cervical cancer with low and medium differentiation, high and low differentiation (P < 0.003), and there was no significant difference in the f value between high and low differentiation cervical cancer (P > 0.05), There was no significant difference in the MD value between low and high differentiation cervical cancer (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: DWI, IVIM and DKI can be used to differentiate cervical cancer from normal cervical tissue. IVIM and DKI are of great significance in the differential diagnosis of cervical cancer with different degrees of differentiation.
The inter-prefectural regional disparity of medical resources and representative surgical procedures in orthopaedics and general surgery: A nationwide study in Japan during 2015–2019
Authors: Kido Masamitsu , Ikoma Kazuya , Kobayashi Yumiko , Maki Masahiro , Ohashi Suzuyo , Shoda Katsutoshi , Ichikawa Daisuke , Uehara Ritei , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Few reports have examined the regional disparity in representative surgical procedures in orthopaedics and general surgery. This study aimed to clarify the inter-prefectural regional disparity and relationships between medical specialists, facilities, and representative surgical procedures using a nationwide database in Japan.
Methods: The annual incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 population of medical specialists in orthopaedics, general surgery, and anaesthesiology (OSS, GSS, ANS, respectively); medical facilities of hospitals (HP, only per 1,000 population); and representative surgical procedures in orthopaedics and general surgery were examined by prefecture in Japan during 2015–2019. Medium-sized regional disparities were evaluated using the Gini coefficient. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the aforementioned variables and the ageing rate (A/R). We also compared the urban and rural regional disparities between them.
Results: The total annual average IR and Gini coefficients were 110.6 and 0.11 for femur fracture surgery (IROF), 106.3 and 0.09 for cholecystectomy (IRCC), 14.2 and 0.11 for OSS, 17.6 and 0.09 for GSS, 5.9 and 0.13 for ANS, and 8.1 and 0.21 for HP, respectively. The correlation coefficients by IROF were 0.74 for OSS (p<0.001), 0.63 for HP (p<0.001), and 0.62 for the A/R (p<0.001); those by IRCC were 0.60 for GSS (p<0.001) and 0.59 for HP (p<0.001). The IROF, IRCC, OSS, HP, and A/R data were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Inter-prefectural regional disparity was small, although some items were unevenly distributed in the rural areas, which is contrary to our expectations. Higher prevalence was recognised in rural areas than urban areas due to the higher A/R, but supply and demand are balanced. This study provides basic data for healthcare policy in a medium-sized community.
Level of Evidence: III
An Empirical Link Between Motivation Gain and NBA Statistics: Applying Hierarchical Linear Modelling
Authors: Shim Yunsik , Shin Myoungjin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: This study tested whether the motivation gain in groups is the result of social compensation or the Köhler effect by examining scaled individual salaries of National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Both factors explain the positive effects of a group, unlike social loafing. However, differing causes in motivation gain relate to whether players are low or high performers and Köhler effect or social compensation.
Methods: To test motivation gain, this study used 11-year NBA statistical data of 3,247 players by applying hierarchical linear modelling (HLM). Whereas previous studies have looked at motivation gain through track-and-field and swimming relay records, this study verified motivation gain through salary variations among NBA players and their affiliated teams.
Results: The high performers, while selecting teams with larger performance gaps among team members, earned a higher salary than while selecting teams with lower performance gaps among team members. This study found that motivation gain existed in high performers, which can be interpreted as support for social compensation rather than the Köhler effect.
Conclusions: We used our result to elucidate the basis for play-by-play decisions made by individuals and team behaviour. Our results are applicable for the enhancement of coaching strategies, ultimately improving team morale and performance.
Analysis of Michelia（Magnoliaceae）chloroplast genomes: Provide New Insights into Intergeneric and Intrageneric Relationships
Authors: Shu Junxia , Wang Ruiling , Yang Lin , Xia Xi , Wang Dawei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Among Magnoliaceae, the genus Michelia is thesecond largest and most evolved, which is essential for studying angiosperm origins, development, and evolution. Given the taxonomic confusion among Magnolia, Manglietia, and Michelia, this study provides recommendations for some of the taxonomically confused intergeneric and intrageneric relationships based on chloroplast genomesanalysis of six Michelia plants.
Results: The six chloroplast genomes were set up to range in size from 159,703 bp to 160,026 bp. It had abundant simple sequence repeat sites (136-142), and six highly variable regions (rpl32-trnL, ndhC-trnV, petA-psbL, ccsA-ndhD, rps15-ycf2, trnN-ndhF) were detected (pi>0.005). Compared with five other genomes, a shift of the rpl2 gene from the IR region to the LSC region was found only in Michelia doltsopa. In this study, 26 species of cp genome were used, and two trees establish methods were used for phylogenetic analysis of Magnoliaceae. The results showed that the two phylogenetic trees had the same topological structure. The six genera Micheliawere first grouped into a cluster, which was further separated into two sister clades. There was a clustering of Magnolia sieboldii and Manglietia insignis within the genus Michelia, while the genus Yulania tended to be more close relatedness to those species.
Conclusion: Combining the results of previous morphological, sporological, and molecular marker studies, we offer a new taxonomic view to the classification of Magnoliaceae: there should be a merger between Manglietia insignis, Paramichelia baillonii, and Tsoongiodendron odor in the genus Michelia; Parakmeria yunnanensis and Pachylarnax sinica should be combined into the genus Pachylarnax. This study provides six genomic resources of Micheliathat will be beneficial for the evolutionary study and the phylogenetic construction of Magnoliaceae.
Sparse Signal Reconstruction using Refined Instantaneous Frequency Estimation
Authors: Ali Sadiq , Khan Nabeel Ali , Shah Feroz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, we propose an instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation
and then apply this algorithm for the reconstruction of missing samples.
The proposed IF estimation and sparse reconstruction algorithm
is developed by adding a refinement step where the crude estimates
of IFs and signal components are further improved through the reestimation
stage. During the re-estimation stage, both IFs, as well as
the signal components, are re-estimated by removing all the remaining
components. Experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy
improves both the accuracy of IF estimates as well as missing samples.
Hybrid of Smith-Peterson and Watson-Jones Minimally Invasive Direct Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint
Authors: Zhang Ting , Choudhury Sambhu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Muscle-sparing, more consistent acetabular component positioning with fluoroscopy guidance, development in implants and instrumentation, expedited rehabilitation, and patients’ expectations have led to increased utilization of various direct anterior and anterolateral approaches to the hip joint.
Methods and Surgical Technique: In this technical note, we demonstrate for the first time a hybrid modification of traditional Smith-Peterson and Watson-Jones approaches to the hip joint on a standard OR table.
Conclusions: As demonstrated in this article, a precise knowledge of anatomy and clear goals in the surgical approach can minimize complications and facilitate visualization and instrumentation in the “direct anterior approach” to the hip joint
A Harmonic Balance-based Method to Predict Nonlinear Forced Response and Temperature Rise of Dry Friction Systems Including Frictional Heat Transfer
Authors: Gao Qian , Fan Yu , Wu Yaguang , Li Lin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dry friction dampers in turbomachinery not only decrease the vibration level, but also generates frictional heat. This thermal process may cause a significant temperature rise at the contact interface, producing thermal expansion and altering tribological properties subsequently. These effects in turn can change structural dynamics. Besides, the temperature rise may also cause the material melting and ablation, leading to damper failure. Hence, the structural dynamics and the thermal process in dry friction systems are interacting. The thermomechanical coupling should be included in analyses. In this paper, a novel numerical method, namely Dry Friction ThermoMechanical Coupling Response Prediction (DFTMCP), is proposed. Based on the multi-harmonic balance method, the DFTMCP can synchronously predict the nonlinear forced response and interface temperature in the steady state. This method is under the framework of steady heat transfer assumption, and a dimensionless number is proposed to determine the rationality of the assumption. To guarantee efficiency and convergence, an ad-hoc model reduction technique for the nonlinear thermomechanical coupling problem and the corresponding analytical Jacobian matrix, which are also the highlights of the work, are implemented. The former reduces the dimension of the governing equations by over 98.6% while the latter makes the time cost drop over 37 times. By using the proposed numerical scheme, two essential coupling factors, the thermoelastic deformation and the friction coefficient variation at the interface, are considered and discussed quantitatively for the influence on the forced response through the finite element model of a blade with a flat under-platform damper in engineering. Results show that under the specific rotational speed, the average temperature at the contact surface rises by 364.16°C, and the maximum local temperature increases to 1198°C, which is close to the melting point. Ignoring the thermomechanical coupling effect leads to a 25% misprediction of the optimal centrifugal force and a 27.4% underestimation of the resonant peak.
Research and Analysis of Potential Correlation of Telecommunications Fraud Data Based on Big Five Personalities
Authors: Gao Jun , Ma Chuang , Hu Jinhao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, telecommunications fraud cases show a high incidence, more and more scholars have studied how to stop telecommunications fraud cases from the root cause. According to psychological knowledge, we can know that personality traits can affect a person's social behavior. Therefore, this paper proposes a personality trait recognition model based on the Big Five personality theory combining Bert and SVM to study how to block the occurrence of telecommunications fraud cases from the root. Compared with the previous model, the average accuracy of the recognition of personality traits was improved by 0.3%, reaching 61.2%. At the same time, combined with the telecommunications fraud data in a certain place, it is analyzed that in telecommunications fraud, there is a correlation between the probability of being defrauded, the means of being defrauded, the location where the fraud occurs and personality characteristics. Our research results may provide reference for the government and relevant departments to manage telecommunications fraud.
Factors predicting primary cesarean delivery and successful vaginal delivery in twin pregnancies: Does structured obstetric management play a role in the delivery mode and neonatal outcome?
Authors: Ge Isabell , Meschede Julia , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Kunze Mirjam , Markfeld-Erol Filiz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
While the optimal delivery method of twin pregnancies is heavily debated, the rate of cesarean deliveries is increasing. This retrospective study evaluates delivery methods and neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies during two time-periods and aims to identify predictive factors for the delivery outcome.
Methods
553 twin pregnancies were identified in the institutional database of the University Women’s Hospital Freiburg, Germany. 230 and 323 deliveries occurred in period I (2009–2014) and period II (2015–2021) respectively. Cesarean births due to non-vertex position of the first fetus were excluded. In period II, the management of twin pregnancies was reviewed and adjusted and systematic training and standardized procedures were implemented.
Results
Period II showed significantly lower rates of planned cesarean deliveries (44.0% vs. 63.5%, p < 0.0001) and higher rates of vaginal deliveries (68% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.02). Independent risk factors for primary cesarean delivery were period, maternal age > 40 years, nullipara, previous cesarean birth (HR:11.3, p < 0.001), gestational age < 37 + 0th weeks, monochorionicity and higher fetal weight difference. Predictive factors for successful vaginal delivery were previous vaginal delivery, gestational age between 34–36 weeks and vertex/vertex presentation of the fetuses. The neonatal outcome in period I and period II were comparable. Planned cesarean delivery showed significantly higher rates of NICU transfer.
Conclusion
Vaginal labor in twin pregnancies is safe. Structured and regular updates of obstetrical concepts and procedures in obstetric departments are key to increase vaginal deliveries without impairing its safety. To reduce elective cesarean deliveries, prevention of the first cesarean birth seems to be most promising.