bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the Surface and Composition of Nanozymes for Enhanced Bacterial Binding and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hou Jinjie , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the advantages of diverse structures, tunable enzymatic activity, and high stability, nanozymes are widely used in medicine, chemistry, food, environment, and other fields. As an alternative to traditional antibiotics, nanozymes attract more and more attention from the scientific researchers in recent years. Developing nanozymes‐based antibacterial materials opens up a new avenue for the bacterial disinfection and sterilization. In this review, the classification of nanozymes and their antibacterial mechanisms are discussed. The surface and composition of nanozymes are critical for the antibacterial efficacy, which can be tailored to enhance both the bacterial binding and the antibacterial activity. On the one hand, the surface modification of nanozymes enables binding and targeting of bacteria that improves the antibacterial performance of nanozymes including the biochemical recognition, the surface charge, and the surface topography. On the other hand, the composition of nanozymes can be modulated to achieve enhanced antibacterial performance including the single nanozyme‐mediated synergistic and multiple nanozymes‐mediated cascade catalytic antibacterial applications. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of tailoring nanozymes for antibacterial applications are discussed. This review can provide insights into the design of future nanozymes‐based materials for the antibacterial treatments.
Sol‐Gel Prepared Spinel HTLs for Assembling 20% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell in Air Without Using Anti‐Solvent and Toxic Solvent
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Hung , Chen Yen‐Lin , Wu Chun‐Guey 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLow‐temperature sol‐gel prepared ZnCo2O4 spinel‐based thin films are developed as high‐performance hole transporting layer (HTL) for coating perovskite film (NA‐Psk) from the basic MAPbI3/ACN/CH3NH2 solution in air without using anti‐solvent. Inverted PSC based on 2 mole% (vs Zn) Cu2+ doped ZnCo2O4 (2%Cu@ZnCo2O4) HTL and NA‐Psk absorber exhibit the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.0% with no current hysteresis while the cell based on ZnCo2O4 and PEDOT:PSS HTL (using NA‐Psk absorber) achieves the PCE of 15.79% and 12.3% with a current hysteresis index of 9.8% and 32.4%, respectively. Without encapsulation, PSCs based on 2%Cu@ZnCo2O4, ZnCo2O4, and PEDOT:PSS HTLs maintain 90%, 77%, and 12%, respectively of the original efficiency by standing in ambient atmosphere (temperature: 20–25 °C, RH:30%–40%) for 1800 h. Large area (10 cm × 10 cm substrate) perovskite mini‐module (PSM) with PCE over 15% is also demonstrated by using sol‐gel prepared 2%Cu@ZnCo2O4 HTL. The poor photovoltaic performance of PEDOT:PSS HTL is due to the basic MAPbI3/ACN/CH3NH2 solution will deprotonate the acidic PEDOT:PSS to reduce its conductivity whereas ZnCo2O4 HTL are not affected by basic perovskite precursor solution.
The use of tailor‐made acidic deep eutectic solvents for preparation of quercetin‐enriched extracts from onion solid wastes
Authors: Bozinou Eleni , Palaiogiannis Dimitrios , Mourtzinos Ioannis , Chatzilazarou Arhontoula , Gkatzionis Costas , Makris Dimitris P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current examination dealt with the development of a methodology to produce quercetin, a multifunctional bio‐flavonoid, by designing task‐specific, highly acidic deep eutectic solvents, based on glycerol and natural organic acids. The purpose was to achieve a simultaneous hydrolysis of spiraeoside, the major quercetin glycoconjugate occurring in onion solid wastes, and quercetin extraction. After an initial performance screening, the combination of glycerol/oxalic acid was identified as the highest‐performing system, and further investigation showed that the most efficacious molar ratio was glycerol/oxalic acid 3:1. Further study of hydrolysis/extractions conditions suggested 30 min, at 130°C, to be the best operating conditions, giving the highest yield of 19.65 mg quercetin per grams of dry mass. The extract obtained under these conditions displayed significantly enhanced antiradical activity, compared to control extracts prepared with water or aqueous ethanol. On the other hand, results on the ferric‐reducing power were rather contradictory. It is proposed that such a methodology may be implemented to valorize onion solid wastes, for the production of extracts significantly enriched in quercetin, with increased antiradical properties.
Real‐world use of endoscopic and histological indices in ulcerative colitis: Results of a global survey
Authors: Nardone Olga Maria , Iacucci Marietta , Villanacci Vincenzo , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Ghosh Subrata , Danese Silvio , Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment targets of ulcerative colitis (UC) have evolved to include not only endoscopic but also histologic remission. However, the concept of histological activity is still in its early days. We aimed to capture the attitudes toward UC histology and the uptake of standardized reporting of endoscopy and histology of UC in daily practice.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of physicians involved in the care of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. The survey included 21 questions divided into three sections. The first recorded demographics, specialty, and level of experience of participants; the second covered clinical practices and attitudes toward the use and reporting of endoscopy; and the third covered histology.ResultsIn total, 359 participants from 60 countries and all levels of experience completed the survey. UC histology was used by nearly all respondents (90.5%) for initial diagnosis, by 72% to monitor disease course, by 62.4% to determine the microscopic extension, by 59.9% to confirm deep remission when considering to stop treatment, and 42.3% to increase/optimize treatment. Nevertheless 77.2% of participants reported that no standard histological index was available in their daily practice. Instead, endoscopy reports included the Mayo Endoscopic score in 90% of cases. The majority of respondents welcomed as useful or very useful an artificial intelligence system to automate scoring of endoscopy (69%) or histology (73%).ConclusionUC histology reports are less standard than endoscopy reports, although most physicians consider histological activity useful when managing UC and would welcome artificial intelligence systems to automate endoscopic and histological scoring.
Network medicine for patients' stratification: From single‐layer to multi‐omics
Authors: Petti Manuela , Farina Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrecision medicine research increasingly relies on the integrated analysis of multiple types of omics. In the era of big data, the large availability of different health‐related information represents a great, but at the same time untapped, chance with a potentially fundamental role in the prevention, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Computational methods are needed to combine this data to create a comprehensive view of a given disease. Network science can model biomedical data in terms of relationships among molecular players of different nature and has been successfully proposed as a new paradigm for studying human diseases. Patient stratification is an open challenge aimed at identifying subtypes with different disease manifestations, severity, and expected survival time. Several stratification approaches based on high‐throughput gene expression measurements have been successfully applied. However, few attempts have been proposed to exploit the integration of various genotypic and phenotypic data to discover novel sub‐types or improve the detection of known groupings.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Biomedical Engineering
Cancer > Computational Models
Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Patients aged 50–75 years take longer to achieve the patient acceptable symptom state than patients aged 20–34 years following primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Shankar Dhruv S. , Rao Naina , Colasanti Christopher A. , Lan Rae , Essilfie Anthony A. , Youm Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThough an increasing number of adults older than 50 years are undergoing hip arthroscopy for treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS), it is unclear how their timeline for functional outcome improvement compares to that of younger patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of age on time to achieving the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID), Substantial Clinical Benefit (SCB), and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) following primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS.MethodsA retrospective comparative single‐surgeon cohort study of primary hip arthroscopy patients with minimum 2‐year follow‐up was conducted. Age categories were 20–34 years, 35–49 years, and 50–75 years. All subjects completed the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) prior to surgery and at 6‐month, 1‐year, and 2‐year follow‐up. MCID and SCB cutoffs were defined as pre‐to‐postoperative increases in mHHS by ≥ 8.2 and ≥ 19.8, respectively. PASS cutoff was set at postoperative mHHS ≥ 74. Time to achievement of each milestone was compared using interval‐censored survival analysis. The effect of age was adjusted for Body Mass Index (BMI), sex, and labral repair technique using an interval‐censored proportional hazards model.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐five patients were included in the analysis with 115 (40.4%) aged 20–34 years, 92 (32.3%) aged 35–49 years, and 78 (27.4%) aged 50–75 years. There were no significant differences between groups in time to achievement for the MCID (n.s.) or SCB (n.s.). However, patients in the oldest group had significantly longer time to PASS than those in the youngest group, both in the unadjusted analysis (p = 0.02) and after adjusting for BMI, sex, and labral repair technique (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96, p = 0.03).ConclusionAchievement of the PASS, but not the MCID or SCB, is delayed among FAIS patients aged 50–75 years who undergo primary hip arthroscopy compared to those aged 20–34 years. Older FAIS patients should be counseled appropriately about their longer timeline to achieving hip function comparable to their younger counterparts.Level of evidenceIII.
Cross-linked phytase aggregates for improved phytate degradation at low pH in animal feed
Authors: Henninger Corinna , Hoferer Merlin , Ochsenreither Katrin , Eisele Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhytases are widely used food and feed enzymes to improve phosphate availability and reduce anti-nutritional factors. Despite the benefits, enzyme usage is restricted by the harsh conditions in a gastrointestinal tract (pH 2–6) and feed pelleting conditions at high temperatures (60–90 °C). The commercially available phytase Quantum® Blue has been immobilized as CLEAs using glutardialdehyde and soy protein resulting in a residual activity of 33%. The influence of the precipitating agent, precipitant concentration, cross-linker concentration and cross-linking time, sodium borohydride as well as the proteic feeders gluten, soy protein and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been optimized. The best conditions were 90% (v/v) ethyl lactate as precipitating reagent, 100 mM glutardialdehyde and a soy protein concentration of 227 mg/L with a cross-linking time of 1 h. The intrinsically stable phytase remained its high thermal stability and temperature optimum. The phytase-CLEA achieved a 425% increase of residual activity under harsh acidic conditions between pH 2.2 and 3.5 compared to the free enzyme. The free and immobilized phytase were deployed in an in vitro assay simulating the acidic conditions in the gizzard of poultry at pH 2. The hydrolysis of phytate was monitored using a novel high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis and DAD scanner to study the InsPx fingerprint. All lower inositol phosphate pools (InsP1–InsP6) and free phosphate were separated and analyzed. The phytase-CLEA efficiently released 80% of the total phosphate within 180 min, whereas the free enzyme only released 6% in the same time under the same conditions.
Cuttlefishes (Cephalopoda, Sepiidae): the bare bones—an hypothesis of relationships
Authors: Lupše Nik , Reid Amanda , Taite Morag , Kubodera Tsunemi , Allcock A. Louise 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on a comprehensive analysis of molecular sequence data, the Sepiidae genera Acanthosepion Rochebrune, 1884; Ascarosepion Rochebrune, 1884; Aurosepina Jothinayagam, 1987; Decorisepia Iredale, 1926; Doratosepion Rochebrune, 1884; Rhombosepion Rochebrune, 1884 and Spathidosepion Rochebrune, 1884 are here re-instated and formally recognised as valid. Sepia Linnaeus, 1758 and Sepiella Gray, 1849 are retained, but Metasepia Hoyle, 1885 is placed in alternative combination with Ascarosepion. The subgenus Digitosepia Lipiński, 2020 is well supported and is herein elevated to generic status. Sepia trygonina (Rochebrune, 1884) and Sepia hieronis (Robson, 1924) are placed in new monotypic genera Erythalassa gen. nov. and Lusepia gen. nov. respectively. Hemisepius Steenstrup, 1875, also monotypic, is recognised as valid based on a unique synapomorphy: the presence of a fleshy ridge on each side of the antero-ventral mantle that bears a longitudinal row of black pores, however, H. typicus Steenstrup, 1875, was not included in our molecular analysis as tissue samples could not be obtained. Sepia tuberculata Lamarck, 1798, the type species for the nominal genus Spathidosepion, was not included for the same reason. Based on the morphological similarity between S. tuberculata and the sequenced taxa, S. papillata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 and S. angulata Roeleveld, 1972 we tentatively assign these two taxa to Spathidosepion pending future confirmation. Where possible, each genus is diagnosed based on a combination of morphological and molecular characters.
A basidomycetous hydroxynaphthalene-prenylating enzyme exhibits promiscuity toward prenyl donors
Authors: Martin Andreas , Dierlamm Nele , Zocher Georg , Li Shu-Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fungal prenyltransferase ShPT from Stereum hirsutum was believed to prenylate 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and thereby be involved in the vibralactone biosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that hydroxynaphthalenes instead of benzyl alcohol or aldehyde were accepted by ShPT for regular C-prenylation in the presence of both dimethylallyl and geranyl diphosphate. Although the natural substrate of ShPT remains unknown, our results provide one additional prenyltransferase from basidiomycetes, which are less studied, in comparison to those from other sources. Furthermore, this study expands the chemical toolbox for regioselective production of prenylated naphthalene derivatives.

Key points
•Basidiomycetous prenyltransferase
•Biochemical characterization
•A DMATS prenyltransferase prenylating hydroxynaphthalene derivatives
Framed Curves, Ribbons, and Parallel Transport on the Sphere
Authors: Hornung Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider curves$$\gamma : [0, 1]\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^3$$γ:[0,1]→R3endowed with an adapted orthonormal frame$$r: [0, 1]\rightarrow SO(3)$$r:[0,1]→SO(3). We wish to deform such framed curves$$(\gamma , r)$$(γ,r)while preserving two contraints: a local constraint prescribing one of its ‘curvatures’ (i.e., off-diagonal elements of$$r'r^T$$r′rT), and a global constraint prescribing the initial and terminal values of$$\gamma $$γandr. We proceed in two stages. First we deform the framerin a way that is naturally compatible with the constraints onr, by interpreting the local constraint in terms of parallel transport on the sphere. This provides a link to the differential geometry of surfaces. The deformation of the base curve$$\gamma $$γis achieved in a second step, by means of a suitable reparametrization of the frame. We illustrate this deformation procedure by providing some applications: first, we characterize the boundary conditions on$$(\gamma , r)$$(γ,r)that are accessible without violating the local constraint; then, we provide a short proof of a smooth approximation result for framed curves satisfying both the differential and the global constraints. Finally, we also apply these ideas to elastic ribbons with nonzero width.
Progressive carbonation and Ca-metasomatism of serpentinized ultramafic rocks: insights from natural occurrences and hydrothermal experiments
Authors: Amarbayar Nomuulin , Dandar Otgonbayar , Wang Jiajie , Okamoto Atsushi , Uno Masaoki , Batsaikhan Undarmaa , Takayanagi Hideko , Iryu Yasufumi , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydration, carbonation, and related metasomatism of mantle peridotite play a significant role in the global geochemical cycle. In this study, we combined an analysis of carbonated serpentinite with hydrothermal experiments on carbonation and Ca-metasomatism for samples from the Manlay ophiolite, southern Mongolia to investigate that carbonation mechanism of the serpentinite body after serpentinization. Samples show that the serpentinite was either transected by calcite and dolomite veins or was completely replaced by carbonates (calcite with minor dolomite) and quartz, in which the original mesh texture of serpentinite was preserved. Carbonation occurred after low-temperature serpentinization (lizardite/chrysotile), suggesting that carbonation occurred at temperatures lower than 300 ˚C. Calcite in the serpentinite showed δ13 CVPDB values ranging from -8.83 to -5.11 ‰ and δ18 OVSMOW from + 20.1 to + 24.4 ‰, suggesting that CO2 in the fluids could be derived from the degradation of organic material or methanotrophic processes rather than the origin of seafloor limestone. Three batch-type experiments, i.e., single step experiments (1) Olivine + NaHCO3,aq + CaCl2,aq and (2) Chrysotile + NaHCO3,aq + wollastonite (Ca source), and two steps experiment (3) Olivine carbonation and Ca-metasomatism, were conducted at 275 °C and 5.7 MPa to constrain the mechanism of calcite replacement of serpentinite. We found that calcite precipitated from the solution directly in the first two experiments, but replacement of serpentinite by calcite was not observed. In contrast, the third experiment caused the initial carbonation to form magnesite and then changed to calcite by later alteration. The natural occurrences and experiments revealed the possibility that the carbonation of olivine followed by Ca-rich fluid infiltration produced calcite in the carbonated serpentinite. Such Ca-metasomatism of Mg carbonates could easily occur in the ultramafic bodies and significantly affect the global carbon cycle.
Long-term neurodevelopment in children with resected congenital lung abnormalities
Authors: Dossche Louis W. J. , Kersten Casper M. , Zanen – van den Adel Tabitha , Wijnen René M. H. , Gischler Saskia J. , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Rietman Andre B. , Schnater J. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo determine whether children who underwent resection of a congenital lung abnormality (CLA) are at higher risk for neurodevelopmental impairments than peers in the general population. The study population consisted of children born between 1999–2018 who underwent resection of a symptomatic CLA. Neurocognitive development (intelligence, memory, attention, visuospatial processing, executive functioning) and motor function of this population are monitored through our structured, prospective longitudinal follow-up program at the ages of 30 months, 5, 8, and 12 years. We compared study population scores with Dutch norm values using one-sample t-tests and one-sample binominal proportion tests. Forty-seven children were analyzed. The 8-year-olds showed significant impairments in sustained attention through the Dot Cancellation Test (mean z-scores -2.4; [-4.1; -0.8], p = 0.006 and -7.1; [-12.8; -1.4], p = 0.02 for execution speed and fluctuations respectively). Visuospatial memory was impaired at 8 years, though only in 1 out of 3 assessment tools (Rey Complex Figure Test z-scores (-1.0; [-1.5; -0.5], p < 0.001). Further neurocognitive outcomes were unimpaired at all tested ages. Regarding motor function outcomes, mean z-scores of total motor functioning were unimpaired across assessed ages. However, at 8 years, significantly more children than expected had definite motor problems (18% vs 5%, 95% CI [0.052; 0.403], p = 0.022). Conclusion: This evaluation reveals impairment in some subtests of sustained attention, visuospatial memory and motor development. However, globally, normal neurodevelopmental outcomes were found throughout childhood. We recommend testing for neurodevelopmental impairments in children who underwent surgery for CLA only if associated morbidities are present or if caregivers express doubts about their daily functioning.

What is Known:• In general, surgically managed CLA cases seldom suffer from long-term surgery-related morbidity and show favorable lung function.

What is New:• Long-term neurocognitive and motor function outcome appear unimpaired within surgically managed CLA cases. We recommend testing for neurodevelopmental impairments in children who underwent surgery for CLA only if associated morbidities are present or if caregivers express doubts about their daily functioning.
Biomechanical and Cortical Control of Tongue Movements During Chewing and Swallowing
Authors: Ross Callum F. , Laurence-Chasen J. D. , Li Peishu , Orsbon Courtney , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTongue function is vital for chewing and swallowing and lingual dysfunction is often associated with dysphagia. Better treatment of dysphagia depends on a better understanding of hyolingual morphology, biomechanics, and neural control in humans and animal models. Recent research has revealed significant variation among animal models in morphology of the hyoid chain and suprahyoid muscles which may be associated with variation in swallowing mechanisms. The recent deployment of XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) to quantify 3D hyolingual kinematics has revealed new details on flexion and roll of the tongue during chewing in animal models, movements similar to those used by humans. XROMM-based studies of swallowing in macaques have falsified traditional hypotheses of mechanisms of tongue base retraction during swallowing, and literature review suggests that other animal models may employ a diversity of mechanisms of tongue base retraction. There is variation among animal models in distribution of hyolingual proprioceptors but how that might be related to lingual mechanics is unknown. In macaque monkeys, tongue kinematics—shape and movement—are strongly encoded in neural activity in orofacial primary motor cortex, giving optimism for development of brain–machine interfaces for assisting recovery of lingual function after stroke. However, more research on hyolingual biomechanics and control is needed for technologies interfacing the nervous system with the hyolingual apparatus to become a reality.
The Fréchet derivative of the tensor t-function
Authors: Lund Kathryn , Schweitzer Marcel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe tensor t-function, a formalism that generalizes the well-known concept of matrix functions to third-order tensors, is introduced in Lund (Numer Linear Algebra Appl 27(3):e2288). In this work, we investigate properties of the Fréchet derivative of the tensor t-function and derive algorithms for its efficient numerical computation. Applications in condition number estimation and nuclear norm minimization are explored. Numerical experiments implemented by the toolbox hosted at https://gitlab.com/katlund/t-frechet illustrate properties of the t-function Fréchet derivative, as well as the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms.