bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of weather on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in older adults
Authors: Crosby Kathryn M. , Adams Brittany , Zambrano Garza Elizabeth , Bourbonnais Mathieu L. , Fenton Melanie , Hoppmann Christiane , Jakobi Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundMany older adults do not meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines, and this might be influenced by environmental factors (e.g., temperature). The purpose of this study was to determine how various weather variables influence light PA (LPA), moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and sedentary behaviour (SB), steps, and time spent walking outdoors.MethodsFifty community-dwelling older adults completed the 10-day assessment period, using a Fitbit fitness tracker, Global Position System (GPS), and completing self-report questionnaires. Forty participants were included in the analysis. LPA, MVPA, and SB were calculated using heart rate and multilevel models were used to assess their association with weather variables.ResultsNumber of steps was positively associated with self-reported health status (0.18, p &lt; 0.01). Increased age was associated with less time spent engaging in LPA (total and outdoors), reduced steps, increased time spent sedentary, and less time spent walking outdoors. LPA outdoors was positively associated with mean temperature. Freeze thaw cycles were associated with time spent walking outdoors. Females spent more time in total LPA and LPA indoors, and as age increased total LPA and LPA outdoors decreased.ConclusionsOlder adults located in a dry (∼690 mm precipitation annually) region with warm winters and hot summers (−5°C–30°C) seemingly choose indoor activities. Females tend to participate in indoor LPA, and as age increases the time spent in outdoor LPA decreases.ImplicationsConsideration needs to be given to designing indoor PA interventions, with a focus on increasing MVPA for older adults.
Efficacy of a new treatment algorithm for capsulitis of the fingers in rock climbers
Authors: Schöffl Volker Rainer , Lutter Christoph , Lang Hans-Christoph , Perl Mario , Moser Othmar , Simon Michael 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAlthough finger joint capsulitis has been described among the most frequent injuries in climbers, no clinical studies on treatment strategies and outcomes are available.Study designProspective case series study.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2018 we prospectively treated 50 patients (38 male, 12 female) with a total number of 69 independent finger joint capsulitis according to a clinic specific treatment regimen and evaluated the outcome retrospectively. Therapy consisted of either conservative management, steroid injections, radiosynoviorthesis or a combination depending on the treatment regimen, prior therapy and timeline of symptoms. Outcomes were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), Buck-Gramcko score and a climbing specific outcome score with secondary patient recall.ResultsThe proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger was the most commonly affected joint, and there was no correlation with osteoarthritis. All climbers returned to sport within 12 months. The majority were able to maintain their level of performance after injury and the difference in climbing level before and after injury was not statistically significant (p = 0.22). The total time spent climbing was significantly less after the injury than before the injury (p &lt; 0.001). The Buck-Gramcko score showed excellent results. The overall functional outcome was good to very good with a mean score of 1.6 ± 0.7, as was the climbing specific score of 1.7 ± 0.9. Pain was significantly less after treatment than before (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionGood to very good functional and sport-specific outcomes were seen with the stage-specific treatment regimen presented, allowing all patients studied to resume climbing. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis is essential in order to better assess long-term progress.
Cost-effectiveness and readmission rates of laparoscopic vs. open surgery for colorectal cancer: evidence from the health insurance review and assessment service dataset in South Korea
Authors: An Sanghyun , Hong Sung Eun , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Ik Yong 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionWe aimed to compare and analyze the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic vs. open colorectal surgery (CRS) for colorectal cancer using health insurance claims data derived from multiple institutions in South Korea as well as the differences in hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission rates related to postoperative complications.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022 using national health insurance claims data in South Korea. We determined the surgical approach based on the presence or absence of treatment material codes specific to laparoscopic surgery, and divided the patients into the laparoscopic-CRS (lap-CRS) and open-CRS groups.ResultsA total of 34,779 patients were included [open-CRS: 3,262 patients [9.4%]; lap-CRS: 31,517 patients [90.6%]]. The mean LOS was 14.11 and 11.27 days for the open- and lap-CRS groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The mean medical costs were 9,163 USD and 8,963 USD in the open- and lap-CRS groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). A total of 1,192 (3.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, with a rate of 5.4% (176 cases) and 3.2% (1,016 cases) in the open- and lap-CRS groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Open surgery, male sex, and rectal surgery were identified as factors that increased medical cost.DiscussionAccording to this South Korean nationwide population-based study, laparoscopic surgery demonstrated a reduction in LOS, medical costs, and readmission rates compared with open surgery in patients with colorectal cancer.
Evaluation of the Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Cecropin A Natural Peptide on Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Fratini Filippo , Pecorini Chiara , Resci Ilaria , Copelotti Emma , Nocera Francesca Paola , Najar Basma , Mancini Simone 
Published: January 2025

In an era dominated by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, it is increasingly important to look for alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. In light of these considerations, the synergistic use of essential oils and Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) seems a viable strategy. In this study, we assessed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) of three Essential Oils (EOs): winter savory (Satureja montana), bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and of the insect antimicrobial peptide Cecropin A (CecA), alone and in combination with EOs, against two Gram-negative ATCC bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The MIC results showed that winter savory EO (SmEO) and cinnamon EO (CzEO) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, whereas bergamot EO (CbEO) and CecA demonstrated comparatively lower antibacterial efficacy. These results were also confirmed by the MBC values. The FIC Indices (FICI) revealed that the most effective synergies were observed with the combinations SmEO/CzEO and SmEO/CbEO against E. coli, while against S. enterica Typhimurium the best combinations were CbEO/CzEO and SmEO/CzEO. Regarding CecA, although it was not the most efficient agent either individually or in combination, it is noteworthy that, when combined, it exhibited antibacterial activity even at a 1:64 dilution.
On the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Tryptamines in Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.)
Authors: Spiering Martin J. , Parsons James F. , Eisenstein Edward 
Published: January 2025

Botanical dietary supplements are widely used, but issues of authenticity, consistency, safety, and efficacy that complicate their poorly understood mechanism of action have prompted questions and concerns in the popular and scientific literature. Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa, Nutt., Ranunculaceae) is a multicomponent botanical therapeutic used as a popular remedy for menopause and dysmenorrhea and explored as a treatment in breast and prostate cancer. However, its use and safety are controversial. A. racemosa tissues contain the bioactive serotonin analog N-methylserotonin, which is thought to contribute to the serotonergic activities of black cohosh–containing preparations. A. racemosa has several TDC-like genes hypothesized to encode tryptophan decarboxylases (TDCs) converting L-tryptophan to tryptamine, a direct serotonin precursor in plants. Expression of black cohosh TDC1, TDC2, and TDC3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the production of tryptamine. TDC1 and TDC3 had approximately fourfold higher activity than TDC2, which was attributable to a variable Cys/Ser active site residue identified by site-directed mutagenesis. Co-expression in yeast of the high-activity black cohosh TDCs with the next enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), from rice (Oryza sativa) resulted in the production of serotonin, whereas co-expression with low-activity TDCs did not, suggesting that TDC activity is a rate-limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis. Two T5H-like sequences were identified in A. racemose, but their co-expression with the high-activity TDCs in yeast did not result in serotonin production. TDC expression was detected in several black cohosh tissues, and phytochemical analysis using LC-MS revealed several new tryptamines, including tryptamine and serotonin, along with N-methylserotonin and, interestingly, N-N-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (bufotenine), which may contribute to hepatotoxicity. Incubation of A. racemosa leaves with tryptamine and N-methyltryptamine resulted in increased concentrations of serotonin and N-methylserotonin, respectively, suggesting that methylation of tryptamine precedes hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of N-methylserotonin. This work indicates a significantly greater variety of serotonin derivatives in A. racemosa than previously reported. Moreover, the activities of the TDCs underscore their key role in the production of serotonergic compounds in A. racemosa. Finally, it is proposed that tryptamine is first methylated and then hydroxylated to form the black cohosh signature compound N-methylserotonin.
СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПОДХОДОВ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ МОДЕЛИ ПОЛНОЦЕННОГО КОРМЛЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОПРОДУКТИВНЫХ МОЛОЧНЫХ КОРОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРА РОССИИ
Authors: ГУСАРОВ И.В. , ОБРЯЕВА О.Д. 
Published: January 2025

Одним из важнейших условий устойчивого развития молочного животноводства является системный подход к формированию модели нормированного кормления продуктивных животных. Особое внимание при этом должно быть направлено на оптимизацию и контроль полноценности питания. В одном из сельхозпредприятий Вологодской области при применении общепринятых методик в животноводстве изучены качественные характеристики кормов, система рационов, физиолого-биохимический статус коров. Установлено, что оно располагает достаточным набором кормов для разработки рационов, обеспечивающих физиолого-биологические потребности у высокопродуктивных молочных коров. Последовательность процесса, формирующего модель полноценного кормления с использованием адресных рационов, высокоэффективных кормов и подкормок с учетом биохимических показателей крови коров, биоценоза рубца позволит сельскохозяйственным предприятиям увеличить молочную продуктивность до 5—10%.
One of the most important tasks of sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding is a systematic approach to the formation of a model of normalized feeding of productive animals. Particular attention should be paid to optimization and control of nutrition adequacy. We studied the qualitative characteristics of forages, ration system, physiological and biochemical status of cows using generally accepted methods in animal husbandry. We have established that the agricultural enterprise of the Gryazovetsky district of the Vologda Region has a sufficient set of forages for the development of rations that provide physiological and biological needs of high-yielding dairy cows. The sequence of the process forming the model of high-grade feeding with the use of targeted rations, high-efficiency forages and supplements taking into account biochemical indicators of cows’ blood, rumen biocenosis will allow agricultural enterprises to increase milk productivity up to 5—10%.
ОЦЕНКА ЛИМИТИРУЮЩИХ МОЛОКОПРОДУКЦИЮ ФАКТОРОВ В ПЕРВУЮ ФАЗУ ЛАКТАЦИИ
Authors: ХАРИТОНОВ Е.Л. , ВАСИЛЕВСКИЙ Н.В. , ЛЫСОВА Е.А. , БЕРЕЗИН А.С. 
Published: January 2025

В опытах на 3 группах новотельных половозрелых коров, по 10 голов в каждой, с живой массой 560—610 кг и удоем за предыдущую лактацию 6,5—8,2 тыс. кг, изучено влияние скармливания дополнительно к основному рациону белковой и энергетической добавок на протяжении 60 дней. Группа I (контрольная) на протяжении всего эксперимента получала основной рацион, по нормам обменного протеина исходя из текущей продукции молочного белка. Коровы II и III опытных групп дополнительно к основному рациону получали: 0,5 кг белковой добавки на основе смеси соевого жмыха и подсолнечного шрота, подвергнутых тепловой обработке (II группа) для повышения уровня обменного белка на 10% и 0,5 кг зерновой смеси (III группа) для повышения уровня ОЭ, сопоставимого с этим показателем во II группе. Сравнивали удой по группам за текущую и предыдущую лактации. По сравнению с контролем, он увеличился на 11% во II группе и на 7% — в III. Различий в качестве молока, параметрах рубцового пищеварения и общем физиологическом состоянии между показателями животных всех групп установлено не было. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для разработки методик оценки полноты реализации молочного потенциала коров и новых способов поддержания высокой продуктивности при сохранении физиологического гомеостаза животных и качества молока.
In experiments on 3 groups of newly calved sexually mature cows, 10 heads per group, with a live weight of 560—610 kg and milk yield for the previous lactation of 6.5—8.2 thousand kg, the effect of feeding protein and energy supplements in addition to the main ration for 60 days was studied. The first group received the main ration throughout the experiment, according to the norms of exchangeable protein based on the current production of milk protein. Cows of the 2nd and 3rd groups received 0.5 kg of the protein supplement based on a mixture of soybean meal and sunflower meal subjected to heat treatment to reduce protein breakdown (2nd group) in addition to the main ration to increase the level of exchangeable protein by 10% and 0.5 kg of grain mixture (3rd group) to increase the level of ME comparable to that of the 2nd group. Milk yields were compared by groups for the current and previous lactations. Milk yield in the experimental groups increased compared to the control group: by 11% in the second group and by 7% in the third. No differences in milk quality, rumen digestion parameters, or the general physiological state of cows were found between the groups. The data obtained can be used to develop methods for assessing the full realization of cows' milk potential and new ways to maintain high productivity while maintaining physiological homeostasis of animals and milk quality.
الروبوتات الجراحية؛ سياساتها الأخلاقية وضوابط استخدامها في المنظور الشرعي: دراسة فقهية تأصيلية
Authors: القحطاني سارة متلع 
Published: January 2025

فكرة البحث الرئيسة تتمحور حول بيان أخلاقيات الروبوتات الجراحية وفق التأصيل الشرعي لطبيعتها، وتكمن أهمية البحث في ضرورة انعكاس أخلاقيات مهنة الطب على الروبوتات الجراحية وفق ضوابطها الشرعية، إذ إن إشكالية البحث تدور حول الإجابة عن أخلاقيات الروبوتات الجراحية التي تضبط استخدامها من الوجهة الشرعية في ظل اختلاف أراء القانونيين في تحديد طبيعتها من جهة وفي تنظيم آثار استخدامها من جهة أخرى. ولذا يهدف البحث إلى بيان الأخلاقيات اللازم توافرها في الروبوتات الجراحية من جهة، وبيان ضـوابط استخدام الروبوتات الجراحية من جهة أخرى على ضوء المقاصد الشرعية وفق الشرعية. وقد اعتمد البحث على كل من المنهج الوصفي في تحديد مصدر الأخلاق في النظر الشرعي، والمنهج الاستقرائي لبيان الموقف الشرعي من الروبوتات الجراحية بناء على التصور الإسلامي للكون والحياة. والمنهج التحليلي لتحديد الأخلاقيات الحاكمة لبرمجة الروبوتات الجراحية من جهة، وضوابط استخدامها من جهة أخرى وذلك على ضوء المقاصد الشرعية. وقد انتهى البحث إلى عدد من النتائج من أهمها : ضرورة أن يُراعى في الأخلاقيات الحاكمة لبرمجة الروبوتات - وباتباع استخدامها -؛ التصور الإسلامي للإنسان والكون والحياة المستند إلى التوحيد والإيمان بالله وفي كون الإنسان خليفة الله على الأرض من جهة، ومفهوم المنفعة والمصلحة بمعناها وضوابطها الشرعية من جهة أخرى. ولذا أوصى البحث في ختامه بضرورة سن التشريعات اللازمة التي تنظم برمجة واستخدام الروبوتات الجراحية وفق الضوابط الشرعية العامة للعمليات الجراحية الروبوتية من جهة و وفق التصور الشرعي لطبيعتها من جهة أخرى.
ОПИСАНИЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СЛУЧАЯ ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОЙ ЛИМФАДЕНОПАТИИ НЕЯСНОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ
Authors: Рустамова Ф.Е. , Мухамбетова Р.У. , Иминова Ш.И. , Баймолда А.Е. , Əбдіхалық Н.А. , Сқақбаев Ш.Е. 
Published: January 2025

Лимфатические узлы - это небольшие железы, необходимые, для фильтрации жидкости из лимфатической системы. Лимфаденопатия - это пальпируемое увеличение лимфатического узла диаметром более 1 см. Этиология включает в себя инфекционные и аутоиммунные заболевания, злокачественные новообразования, лимфопролиферативные нарушения, прием определенных лекарственных препаратов. Лимфаденопатии могут быть генерализованными и локализованными. Зачастую, пациенты не знают об увеличении лимфоузлов, и лимфаденопатия выявляется врачом при объективном осмотре. Генерализованная лимфаденопатия, с поражением 2-х и более групп лимфатических узлов, может указывать на основное онкологическое или системное заболевание. В статье представлен случай генерализованной лимфаденопатии неизвестной этиологии, которая сопровождалась полисерозитом и другими клиническими проявлениями, указывающими на наличие основного онкологического или системного заболевания.
Lymph nodes are small glands needed to filter fluid from the lymphatic system. Lymphadenopathy is a palpable enlargement of a lymph node with a diameter of more than 1 cm. Etiology includes infectious and autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplasms, lymphoproliferative disorders, and taking certain medications. Lymphadenopathy can be generalized and localized. Often, patients are unaware of enlarged lymph nodes and lymphadenopathy is detected by a doctor during an objective examination. Generalized lymphadenopathy, with lesions 2 or more groups of lymph nodes may indicate an underlying cancer or systemic disease. The article presents a case of generalized lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology, which was accompanied by polyserositis and other clinical manifestations indicating the presence of an underlying oncological or systemic disease.
Лимфа түйіндері - бұл лимфа жүйесінен сұйықтықты сүзуге қажет шағынбездер. Лимфаденопатия - диаметрі 1 см-ден асатын лимфа түйінінің пальпацияланатын ұлғаюы.Этиологиясына жұқпалы жәнеаутоиммундықаурулар, қатерліісіктер, лимфопролиферативті бұзылулар, кейбір дәрі-дәрмектерді қабылдау жатады. Лимфаденопатия жалпыланған жәнелокализацияланғанболуы мүмкін. Көбінесепациенттер лимфа түйіндерінің ұлғаюын білмейді және лимфаденопатияны дәрігер объективті тексеру кезінде анықтайды. Жалпыланған лимфаденопатия, зақымданулары бар Лимфа түйіндерінің 2 немесе одан да көп топтары негізгі қатерлі ісік немесе жүйелі ауруды көрсетуі мүмкін. Мақаладаполисерозитпен жәненегізгі онкологиялықнемесе жүйелікаурудыңболуын көрсететін басқа да клиникалық көріністермен жүретінбелгісіз этиологияныңжалпыланғанлимфаденопатия жағдайыберілген.
THE EFFECT OF GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING MODELS ASSISTED BY ANIMATION MEDIA TOWARD STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Salsabila Putri , Muhiddin Nurhayani H. , Arsyad Arie Arma 
Published: January 2025

The research aims to determine: 1) The level of student learning outcomes before and after implementation the guided inquiry learning model assisted by animation media and assisted by PPT media, 2) The improvement in student learning outcomes using guided inquiry learning models assisted by animation media and assisted by PPT media, 3) The effect of guided inquiry learning model assisted by animation media toward student learning outcomes. Type of research is Quasi Experiment with Nonequivalent Control Group design. The population was class VIII MTs YAPIT Malakaji. The sample was selected by purposive sampling. The instrument is 20 questions of learning outcomes test. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed: 1) The learning outcomes of students before implementation the guided inquiry learning model assisted by animation media were in the very low category with a score of 4.36, after which they were in the medium category with a score of 12.21, and assisted by PPT media were in the low category with a score of 5.07, after which they were in the low category with a score of 8.89. 2) Improvement of student learning outcomes using guided inquiry learning model assisted by animation media with N-Gain 0.50 medium category, assisted by PPT media with N-Gain 0.24 low category. 3) There is an effect of guided inquiry learning model assisted by animation media on students' learning outcomes.
Research for the influence of organic­inorganic modifiers of phenol­formaldehyde resin on the physical and mechanical properties of magnesia­carbon refractories
Authors: Brazhnyk D. A. , Gurina G. I. , Skrypynets A. V. , Vladyko O. O. 
Published: January 2025

The conditions for the existence and development of metallurgical enterprises and the ceramic industry today compel the search for technological solutions for the development of new types of refractory and ceramic materials, as well as materials science approaches for their design. Magnesia­carbon refractories meet contemporary operational demands for metallurgical units as lining materials due to their thermal stability, resistance to the destructive effects of molten metals, and constant or increasing strength with rising temperatures.
To enhance strength parameters, a design approach is employed to create a reinforcing phase within the matrix of magnesia­carbon material. This phase is synthesized at elevated temperatures by implementing conditions favorable for its formation and by modifying phenol­formaldehyde resin during raw material preparation.
The physic­mechanical properties of non­sintered magnesia­carbon refractories were investigated using various types of modifiers (nickel sulfate, ETS­40, citric acid, and ammonium oxalate) introduced into the phenol­formaldehyde resin.
The study demonstrated the feasibility of modifying PFR to improve the strength of non­sintered magnesia­carbon materials and confirmed the necessity of introducing hexamethylenetetramine to form the resite structure of PFR. The influence of PFR modifiers (nickel sulfate, ETS­40) on the formation of the PFR resite structure and the SiO2 framework structure was identified, and their combined introduction was recommended to enhance the cold crushing strength to 56.3 MPa in magnesia­carbon materials after heat treatment at 180—200 ºС. It was shown that to ensure high­strength characteristics, the amount of nickel sulfate introduced into the PFR should not exceed 0.1 wt. %.