bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Board political ideological diversity and information exposure as antecedents to value creation and value appropriation
Authors: Hudson Kerry , Morgan Robert E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStrategic emphasis is a critical decision reflecting a firm's relative proclivity toward value creation versus value appropriation. Despite the increasing role of the board in setting the strategic priorities of firms, there is a dearth of research examining board‐level influences on strategic emphasis. Drawing on the cognitive perspective of corporate governance, we posit that exposure to external information via board interlocks provides competing incentives to pursue value creation and value appropriation strategies. We hypothesize that political ideological diversity among directors facilitates the utilization of external information for novel purposes, thus increasing firms' value creation focus. Combining data on directors' political ideologies with network analysis, we test these hypotheses in 584 large U.S. firms between 2000 and 2018. We find that political ideological diversity influences strategic emphasis both directly and in interaction with board interlock network centrality: politically ideological diverse boards exhibit a greater focus on value creation, and this effect is strengthened when the board is well connected to others. These results have implications for the director selection process, and for executives advocating for value creation strategies and the requisite R&D investments under differing conditions of board composition and information exposure.
Magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic characterization of combined osseous‐ and disc‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs
Authors: Bonelli Marília de Albuquerque , da Costa Ronaldo Casimiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough both disc‐ or osseous‐associated forms of cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) are observed in the same dogs, this combined form has not been thoroughly evaluated.ObjectivesTo describe imaging characteristics of dogs with concurrent disc‐ and osseous CSM and investigate an association between findings on neurological examination and imaging.AnimalsSixty dogs with disc and osseous‐associated CSM from 232 CSM‐affected dogs.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs diagnosed via high‐field MRI with a combination of intervertebral disc (IVD) protrusion and osseous proliferation of articular processes, dorsal lamina, or both were identified. Large and giant breed dogs were grouped according to whether combined compressions were at the same site or different sites. Statistical methods were used to investigate the association and relationship between variables.ResultsThirty‐five out of 60 (58%) were large breeds and 22/60 (37%) were giant breeds. Mean and median age was 6.6 and 7 years respectively (range, 0.75‐11 years). Forty of the 60 dogs (67%) had concurrent osseous and disc‐associated spinal cord compression in the same location. This was considered the main compression site in 32/40 (80%) dogs. Dogs with osseous‐ and disc‐associated compressions at the same site were more likely to have a higher neurologic grade (P = .04).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA substantial percentage of dogs with CSM present with concomitant IVD protrusion and osseous proliferations, most at the same site. Characterizing this combined form is important in the management of dogs with CSM because it could affect treatment choices.
Hepatocellular organellar abnormalities following elimination of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Aoyagi Haruyo , Iijima Hiroko , Gaber Eman S. , Zaitsu Takuma , Matsuda Mami , Wakae Kosho , Watashi Koichi , Suzuki Ryosuke , Masaki Takahiro , Kahn Jeffrey , Saito Takeshi , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Shimada Noritomo , Kato Keizo , Enomoto Masaru , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Tsubota Akihito , Mimata Ayako , Sakamaki Yuriko , Ichinose Shizuko , Muramatsu Masamichi , Wake Kenjiro , Wakita Takaji , Aizaki Hideki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsThe future development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients after sustained virologic response (SVR) is an important issue. The purposes of this study were to investigate pathological alterations in organelle of the liver of SVR patients and to characterize organelle abnormalities that may be related to carcinogenesis after SVR.MethodsThe ultrastructure of liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and SVR were compared to cell and mouse models and assessed semi‐quantitatively using transmission electron microscopy.ResultsHepatocytes in patients with CHC showed abnormalities in the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplet, and pericellular fibrosis, comparable to those seen in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected mice and cells. DAA treatment significantly reduced organelle abnormalities such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and lipid droplet in the hepatocytes of patients and mice after SVR, and cured cells, but it did not change dilated/degranulated endoplasmic reticulum and pericellular fibrosis in patients and mice after SVR. Further, samples from patients with a post‐SVR period of >1 year had significantly larger numbers of abnormalities in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum than those of <1 year. A possible cause of organelle abnormalities in patients after SVR could be oxidative stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria associated with abnormalities of the vascular system due to fibrosis. Interestingly, abnormal endoplasmic reticulum was associated with patients with HCC for >1 year after SVR.ConclusionsThese results indicate that patients with SVR exhibit a persistent disease state and require long‐term follow‐up to detect early signs of carcinogenesis.
Nuclear translocation of YAP drives BMI‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Luo Xufeng , Zhang Rui , Schefczyk Stefan , Liang Yaojie , Lin Shu S. , Liu Shi , Baba Hideo A. , Lange Christian M. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Lu Mengji , Broering Ruth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. The aim of this study was to mechanistically investigate the involvement of Hippo signalling in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐dependent neoplastic transformation.MethodsLiver tissue and hepatocytes from HBsAg‐transgenic mice were examined for the Hippo cascade and proliferative events. Functional experiments in mouse hepatoma cells included knockdown, overexpression, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results were validated in HBV‐related HCC biopsies.ResultsHepatic expression signatures in HBsAg‐transgenic mice correlated with YAP responses, cell cycle control, DNA damage and spindle events. Polyploidy and aneuploidy occurred in HBsAg‐transgenic hepatocytes. Suppression and inactivation of MST1/2 led to the loss of YAP phosphorylation and the induction of BMI1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Increased BMI1 directly mediated cell proliferation associated with decreased level of p16INK4a, p19ARF, p53 and Caspase 3 as well as increased Cyclin D1 and γ‐H2AX expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and the analysis of mutated binding sites in dual‐luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex bound and activated the Bmi1 promoter. In chronic hepatitis B patients, paired liver biopsies of non‐tumour and tumour tissue indicated a correlation between YAP expression and the abundance of BMI1. In a proof‐of‐concept, treatment of HBsAg‐transgenic mice with YAP inhibitor verteporfin directly suppressed the BMI1‐related cell cycle.ConclusionHBV‐associated proliferative HCC might be related to the HBsAg‐YAP‐BMI1 axis and offer a potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Tcf20 deficiency is associated with increased liver fibrogenesis and alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in mice and humans
Authors: Córdoba‐Jover Bernat , Ribera Jordi , Portolés Irene , Lecue Elena , Rodriguez‐Vita Juan , Pérez‐Sisqués Leticia , Mannara Francesco , Solsona‐Vilarrasa Estel , García‐Ruiz Carmen , Fernández‐Checa José C. , Casals Gregori , Rodríguez‐Revenga Laia , Álvarez‐Mora María Isabel , Arteche‐López Ana , Díaz de Bustamante Aranzazu , Calvo Rosa , Pujol Anna , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Felix , Malagelada Cristina , Pinyol Roser , Huguet‐Pradell Júlia , Melgar‐Lesmes Pedro , Jiménez Wladimiro , Morales‐Ruiz Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsTranscription co‐activator factor 20 (TCF20) is a regulator of transcription factors involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. In addition, TCF20 genomic variants in humans have been associated with impaired intellectual disability. Therefore, we hypothesized that TCF20 has several functions beyond those described in neurogenesis, including the regulation of fibrogenesis.MethodsTcf20 knock‐out (Tcf20−/−) and Tcf20 heterozygous mice were generated by homologous recombination. TCF20 gene genotyping and expression was assessed in patients with pathogenic variants in the TCF20 gene. Neural development was investigated by immufluorescense. Mitochondrial metabolic activity was evaluated with the Seahorse analyser. The proteome analysis was carried out by gas chromatography mass‐spectrometry.ResultsCharacterization of Tcf20−/− newborn mice showed impaired neural development and death after birth. In contrast, heterozygous mice were viable but showed higher CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis and a differential expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis compared to wild‐type mice, along with abnormal behavioural patterns compatible with autism‐like phenotypes. Tcf20−/− embryonic livers and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells revealed differential expression of structural proteins involved in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation chain, increased rates of mitochondrial metabolic activity and alterations in metabolites of the citric acid cycle. These results parallel to those found in patients with TCF20 pathogenic variants, including alterations of the fibrosis scores (ELF and APRI) and the elevation of succinate concentration in plasma.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a new role of Tcf20 in fibrogenesis and mitochondria metabolism in mice and showed the association of TCF20 deficiency with fibrosis and metabolic biomarkers in humans.
Correlation of resistive index of prostatic capsular artery to clinical symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Yitgin Yasin , Karakose Ayhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relation between resistive index (RI) of prostatic capsular arteries by transrectal Doppler ultrasonography in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and its correlation with lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation parameters of CP/CPPS.MethodsIn total, we included 68 patients presenting with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. We formed two groups, as Group 1 of 35 patients with a RI ≥ 0.7 and Group 2 of 33 patients with RI < 0.7. All patients were assessed with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) and National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). In addition, the RI of the prostate capsular artery was measured in all patients using Doppler ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 18. A p value < .05 was considered significant.ResultsDemographic characteristics were similar in the two groups. IPSS was 11.3 ± 6 in Group 1 and 9.7 ± 5.3 in Group 2. IIEF‐5 was 18.6 ± 2 in Group 1 and 20.4 ± 2.3 in Group 2. PEDT was 12.4 ± 5.6 in Group 1 and 11.2 ± 4 in Group 2. CPSI (total) was 19.3 ± 12.3 in Group 1 and 10.6 ± 7.7 in Group 2. There was significant statistical difference in IPSS, IIEF‐5, and CPSI between the two groups (p < .001, p < .001, p < .001 respectively). However, we found no significant difference in PEDT between the two groups (p = .19).ConclusionsThere is a significant correlation between the lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction parameters and the RI of the prostatic capsular artery in CP/CPPS and RI is an effective and noninvasive method to assess the severity of the disease.
His opportunity, her burden: A narrative critical review of why women decline academic opportunities
Authors: Monteiro Sandra , Chan Teresa M. , Kahlke Renate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis paper stems from a desire to deepen our own understanding of why women might ‘say no’ when allies and sponsors offer or create opportunities for advancement, leadership or recognition. The resulting disparity between representation by men and women in leadership positions, invited keynote speakers and publication counts in academic medicine is a stubborn and wicked problem that requires a synthesis of knowledge across multidisciplinary literature. Acknowledging the complexity of this topic, we selected a narrative critical review methodology to explore reasons why one man's opportunity might be a woman's burden in academic medicine.MethodsWe engaged with an iterative process of identifying, reviewing and interpreting literature from Psychology (cognitive, industrial and educational), Sociology, Health Professions Education and Business, placing no restrictions on context or year of publication. Knowledge synthesis and interpretation were guided by our combined expertise, lived experience, consultations with experts outside the author team and these guiding questions: (1) Why might women have less time for career advancement opportunities? (2) Why do women have less time for research and leadership? (3) How are these disparities maintained?ResultsTurning down an opportunity may be a symptom of a much larger issue. The power of social expectations, culture and gender stereotypes remains a resistant force against calls for action. Consequently, women disproportionately take on other tasks that are not as well recognised. This disparity is maintained through social consequences for breaking with firmly entrenched stereotypes.ConclusionsPopular strategies like ‘lean into opportunities’, ‘fake it till you make it’ and ‘overcome your imposter syndrome’ suggest that women are standing in their own way. Critically, these axioms ignore powerful systemic barriers that shape these choices and opportunities. We offer strategies that allies, sponsors and peers can implement to offset the power of stereotypes.
Gender Asymmetries in Cross‐National Couples
Authors: Esteve Albert , Elwert Annika , Batyra Ewa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe use census microdata for Spain and the United States to examine gender differences in cross‐national heterosexual couples (marriages and cohabitating unions involving natives and immigrant spouses). We examine whether native men and native women in cross‐national couples exhibit similar patterns regarding the country of birth, age, and educational attainment of their international partners. Countries are ranked by their level of the human development index (HDI). In both Spain and the United States, native men are slightly overrepresented in cross‐national couples. Native men are more likely to be married to individuals from low HDI countries than native women. On the contrary, native women are predominantly married to men born in countries with similar or higher levels of HDI. Unions of native men are characterized by large spousal age differences, which increase with the HDI gap; this pattern reverses among native women. These gender asymmetries do not extend to education level, with cross‐national couples, overall, involving highly educated individuals. These results point to the endurance of certain features of traditional marriage patterns in cross‐national couples, but the patterns differ starkly between native men and native women.
Local types of (Γ,G)$(\Gamma ,G)$‐bundles and parahoric group schemes
Authors: Damiolini Chiara , Hong Jiuzu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field . Let be a finite group acting on . We classify and compute the local types of ‐bundles on a smooth projective ‐curve in terms of the first nonabelian group cohomology of the stabilizer groups at the tamely ramified points with coefficients in . When , we prove that any generically simply connected parahoric Bruhat–Tits group scheme can arise from a ‐bundle. We also prove a local version of this theorem, that is, parahoric group schemes over the formal disc arise from constant group schemes via tamely ramified coverings.
Cardiovascular perspectives of the TRP channel polycystin 2
Authors: Márquez‐Nogueras Karla M. , Kuo Ivana Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is predominantly driven by two key ion channel receptors, inositol 1, 4, 5‐triphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in non‐excitable cells and ryanodine receptor (RyR) in excitable and muscle‐based cells. These calcium transients can be modified by other less‐studied ion channels, including polycystin 2 (PC2), a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. PC2 is found in various cell types and is evolutionarily conserved with paralogues ranging from single‐cell organisms to yeasts and mammals. Interest in the mammalian form of PC2 stems from its disease relevance, as mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes PC2, result in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This disease is characterized by renal and liver cysts, and cardiovascular extrarenal manifestations. However, in contrast to the well‐defined roles of many TRP channels, the role of PC2 remains unknown, as it has different subcellular locations, and the functional understanding of the channel in each location is still unclear. Recent structural and functional studies have shed light on this channel. Moreover, studies on cardiovascular tissues have demonstrated a diverse role of PC2 in these tissues compared to that in the kidney. We highlight recent advances in understanding the role of this channel in the cardiovascular system and discuss the functional relevance of PC2 in non‐renal cells.
image
The evolution of infectious transmission promotes the persistence of
mcr-1
plasmids
Authors: Yang Jun , Wu Renjie , Xia Qiang , Yu Jingjing , Yi Ling-Xian , Huang Ying , Deng Meixin , He Wan-Yun , Bai Yuman , Lv Luchao , Burrus Vincent , Wang Chengzhen , Liu Jian-Hua 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Conjugative plasmids play a vital role in bacterial evolution and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance. They usually cause fitness costs that diminish the growth rates of the host bacteria. Compensatory mutations are known as an effective evolutionary solution to reduce the fitness cost and improve plasmid persistence. However, whether the plasmid transmission by conjugation is sufficient to improve plasmid persistence is debated since it is an inherently costly process. Here, we experimentally evolved an unstable and costly
mcr-1
plasmid pHNSHP24 under laboratory conditions and assessed the effects of plasmid cost and transmission on the plasmid maintenance by the plasmid population dynamics model and a plasmid invasion experiment designed to measure the plasmid’s ability to invade a plasmid-free bacterial population. The persistence of pHNSHP24 improved after 36 days evolution due to the plasmid-borne mutation A51G in the 5′UTR of gene
traJ
. This mutation largely increased the infectious transmission of the evolved plasmid, presumably by impairing the inhibitory effect of FinP on the expression of
traJ
. We showed that increased conjugation rate of the evolved plasmid could compensate for the plasmid loss. Furthermore, we determined that the evolved high transmissibility had little effect on the
mcr-1
-deficient ancestral plasmid, implying that high conjugation transfer is vital for maintaining the
mcr-1
-bearing plasmid. Altogether, our findings emphasized that, besides compensatory evolution that reduces fitness costs, the evolution of infectious transmission can improve the persistence of antibiotic-resistant plasmids, indicating that inhibition of the conjugation process could be useful to combat the spread of antibiotic-resistant plasmids.

IMPORTANCE

Conjugative plasmids play a key role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and they are well-adapted to the host bacteria. However, the evolutionary adaptation of plasmid-bacteria associations is not well understood. In this study, we experimentally evolved an unstable colistin resistance (
mcr-1
) plasmid under laboratory conditions and found that increased conjugation rate was crucial for the persistence of this plasmid. Interestingly, the evolved conjugation was caused by a single-base mutation, which could rescue the unstable plasmid from extinction in bacterial populations. Our findings imply that inhibition of the conjugation process could be necessary for combating the persistence of antibiotic-resistance plasmids.
Healing of acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture on MRI and outcomes following non-surgical management with the Cross Bracing Protocol
Authors: Filbay Stephanie R , Dowsett Matthew , Chaker Jomaa Mohammad , Rooney Jane , Sabharwal Rohan , Lucas Phil , Van Den Heever Andrew , Kazaglis James , Merlino Justin , Moran Mick , Allwright Maggie , Kuah Donald E K , Durie Ra , Roger Greg , Cross Mervyn , Cross Tom 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveInvestigate MRI evidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing, patient-reported outcomes and knee laxity in patients with acute ACL rupture managed non-surgically with the Cross Bracing Protocol (CBP).MethodsEighty consecutive patients within 4 weeks of ACL rupture were managed with CBP (knee immobilisation at 90° flexion in brace for 4 weeks, followed by progressive increases in range-of-motion until brace removal at 12 weeks, and physiotherapist-supervised goal-oriented rehabilitation). MRIs (3 months and 6 months) were graded using the ACL OsteoArthritis Score (ACLOAS) by three radiologists. Mann-Whitney U tests compared Lysholm Scale and ACL quality of life (ACLQOL) scores evaluated at median (IQR) of 12 months (7–16 months) post-injury, and χ2tests compared knee laxity (3-month Lachman’s test and 6-month Pivot-shift test), and return-to-sport at 12 months between groups (ACLOAS grades 0–1 (continuous±thickened ligament and/or high intraligamentous signal) versus ACLOAS grades 2–3 (continuous but thinned/elongated or complete discontinuity)).ResultsParticipants were aged 26±10 years at injury, 39% were female, 49% had concomitant meniscal injury. At 3 months, 90% (n=72) had evidence of ACL healing (ACLOAS grade 1: 50%; grade 2: 40%; grade 3: 10%). Participants with ACLOAS grade 1 reported better Lysholm Scale (median (IQR): 98 (94–100) vs 94 (85–100)) and ACLQOL (89 (76–96) vs 70 (64–82)) scores, compared with ACLOAS grades 2–3. More participants with ACLOAS grade 1 had normal 3-month knee laxity (100% vs 40%) and returned to pre-injury sport (92% vs 64%), compared with participants with an ACLOAS grades 2–3. Eleven patients (14%) re-injured their ACL.ConclusionAfter management of acute ACL rupture with the CBP, 90% of patients had evidence of healing on 3-month MRI (continuity of the ACL). More ACL healing on 3-month MRI was associated with better outcomes. Longer-term follow-up and clinical trials are needed to inform clinical practice.