bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of Consistent Systems of Handlebody Group Representations
Authors: Müller Lukas , Woike Lukas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The classifying spaces of handlebody groups form a modular operad. Algebras over the handlebody operad yield systems of representations of handlebody groups that are compatible with gluing. We prove that algebras over the modular operad of handlebodies with values in an arbitrary symmetric monoidal bicategory $\mathcal{M}$ (we introduce for these the name ansular functor) are equivalent to self-dual balanced braided algebras in $\mathcal{M}$. After specialization to a linear framework, this proves that consistent systems of handlebody group representations on finite-dimensional vector spaces are equivalent to ribbon Grothendieck-Verdier categories in the sense of Boyarchenko-Drinfeld. Additionally, it produces a concrete formula for the vector space assigned to an arbitrary handlebody in terms of a generalization of Lyubashenko’s coend. Our main result can be used to obtain an ansular functor from vertex operator algebras subject to mild finiteness conditions. This includes examples of vertex operator algebras whose representation category has a non-exact monoidal product.
An Antiviral Role for TRIM14 in Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Kuroda Makoto , Halfmann Peter J , Thackray Larissa B , Diamond Michael S , Feldmann Heinz , Marzi Andrea , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic virus that encodes 7 multifunctional structural proteins. Multiple host factors have been reported to interact with the EBOV proteins. Here, we found that tripartite motif-containing 14 (TRIM14), an interferon-stimulated gene that mediates cellular signaling pathways associated with type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine production, interacts with EBOV nucleoprotein to enhance interferon-β (IFN-β) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) promotor activation. Moreover, TRIM14 overexpression reduced viral replication in an infectious but biologically contained EBOVΔVP30 system by approximately 10-fold without affecting viral protein expression. Furthermore, TRM14-deficient mice were more susceptible to mouse-adapted EBOV infection than wild-type mice. Our data suggest that TRIM14 is a host factor with anti-EBOV activity that limits EBOV pathogenesis.
Human Papillomavirus Concordance Between Parents and Their Newborn Offspring: Results From the Finnish Family Human Papillomavirus Study
Authors: Suominen Nelli T , Luukkaala Tiina H , Laprise Claudie , Haataja Marjut A , Grénman Seija E , Syrjänen Stina M , Louvanto Karolina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The knowledge on vertical human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission is limited. We aimed to determine whether HPV transmission from parents to their offspring occurs before or during birth.

Methods
Altogether, 321 mothers, 134 fathers, and their 321 newborn offspring from the Finnish Family HPV study cohort were included. Parents’ genital and oral brush samples and semen samples were collected for HPV testing at baseline (36 weeks of pregnancy). Oral, genital, and umbilical samples from the newborn and placenta samples were collected for HPV testing immediately after delivery. HPV risk for the newborn was calculated from the mother's and father's HPV status by using logistic regression analyses.

Results
Concordances between mothers’ and their newborns’ HPV genotype at any site were statistically significant with HPV-6, -16, -18, -31, and -56; odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 3.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80–6.48) for HPV-16 to 634 (95% CI, 28.5–14 087) for HPV-31. Father–newborn HPV concordance was statistically significant with HPV-6 and HPV-31 (ORs, 4.89 [95% CI, 1.09–21.9] and 65.0 [95% CI, 2.92–1448], respectively).

Conclusions
The genotype-specific HPV concordance between parents and their newborn is suggestive for vertical HPV transmission. However, transmission from the father to the newborn remains more uncertain.
Repeated Bordetella pertussis Infections Are Required to Reprogram Acellular Pertussis Vaccine–Primed Host Responses in the Baboon Model
Authors: Kapil Parul , Wang Yihui , Zimmerman Lindsey , Gaykema Mara , Merkel Tod J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The United States has experienced a resurgence of pertussis following the introduction of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. This is likely due to the failure of aP vaccines to induce durable immunity and prevent infection, carriage, and transmission.

Methods
To evaluate the impact of aP vaccination on the immune response to infection and test the ability of infection to reprogram aP-imprinted immune responses, we challenged unvaccinated and aP-vaccinated baboons with Bordetella pertussis multiple times and accessed the immune responses and outcomes of infections after each exposure.

Results
Multiple infections were required to elicit T-helper 17 responses and protection in aP-vaccinated animals comparable to responses seen in unvaccinated animals after a single challenge. Even after 3 challenges, T-helper 1 responses were not observed in aP-vaccinated animals. Immunoglobulin G responses to vaccine and nonvaccine antigens were not negatively affected in aP-vaccinated animals.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that it is possible to retrain aP-primed immune responses, but it will likely require an optimal booster and multiple doses. Our results in the baboon model suggest that circulation of B. pertussis in aP-vaccinated populations is concentrated in the younger age bands of the population, providing information that can guide improved modeling of B. pertussis epidemiology in aP-vaccinated populations.
A high-throughput sensory assay for parasitic and free-living nematodes
Authors: Nunn Leonardo R , Juang Terry D , Beebe David J , Wheeler Nicolas J , Zamanian Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sensory pathways first elucidated in Caenorhabditis elegans are conserved across free-living and parasitic nematodes, even though each species responds to a diverse array of compounds. Most nematode sensory assays are performed by tallying observations of worm behavior on two-dimensional planes using agarose plates. These assays have been successful in the study of volatile sensation but are poorly suited for investigation of water-soluble gustation or parasitic nematodes without a free-living stage. In contrast, gustatory assays tend to be tedious, often limited to the manipulation of a single individual at a time. We have designed a nematode sensory assay using a microfluidics device that allows for the study of gustation in a 96-well, three-dimensional environment. This device is suited for free-living worms and parasitic worms that spend their lives in an aqueous environment, and we have used it to show that ivermectin inhibits the gustatory ability of vector-borne parasitic nematodes.
Insight box Nematodes are powerful model organisms for understanding the sensory biology of multicellular eukaryotes, and many parasitic species cause disease in humans. Simple sensory assays performed on agarose plates have been the bedrock for establishing the neuronal, genetic, and developmental foundations for many sensory modalities in nematodes. However, these classical assays are poorly suited for translational movement of many parasitic nematodes and the sensation of water-soluble molecules (gustation). We have designed a device for high-throughput nematode sensory assays in a gel matrix. This ‘gustatory microplate’ is amenable to several species and reveals novel responses by free-living and parasitic nematodes to cues and drugs.
Vacuum extraction: an effective larval sampling method for spotted-wing drosophila in small fruit crops
Authors: Babu Arun , Adhikari Rosan , Sial Ashfaq A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Detecting and sampling the pest for pest management, either through enumerating their life stages or by quantifying the crop damage, is the cornerstone in deploying integrated pest management. Currently, for spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, larval extraction from the fruit samples involves immersing the fruits in hot water, salt, or sugar solution. We are introducing a novel, fast, and effective larval sampling technique where D. suzukii larvae can be extracted from infested fruits by subjecting the fruit samples to vacuum pressure. We optimized the vacuum pressure and vacuum duration for larval extraction from blueberries by testing a range of vacuum pressures and durations. A vacuum pressure of –98 kPa for 60 min resulted in the maximum larval recovery of the small, medium, and large larvae from blueberries. A 30-min incubation at –98 kPa also yielded similar results. Larval extraction at –98 kPa for 60 min on average recovered 61, 70, and 83% of larvae from 2, 4, and 6-day incubated fruit samples, respectively. The fruit sample size (37, 149, and 298 g) did not affect the larval extraction efficacy. Additionally, comparing larval extraction efficacy at –98 kPa with the salt and sugar extraction, incubated for 10, 30, and 60 min, suggests that vacuum extraction is comparable to or more efficient than the salt and sugar methods in extracting larvae from the infested blueberries. Overall, our results indicate that vacuum sampling is a promising method for detecting D. suzukii larval infestation in small fruit crops.
Suicidal Risk Behaviors in Adolescents With Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of Sex, Autistic Traits, and Mental Health Difficulties
Authors: Orm Stian , Wood Jeffrey , Corbett Blythe , Fjermestad Krister 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Autistic traits are associated with mental health difficulties and risk of suicidal risk behaviors among adolescents. Little is known about how autistic traits affect the mental health of adolescents with rare neurodevelopmental disorders (RNDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autistic traits, mental health difficulties, and suicidal risk behaviors in adolescents with RNDs.

Methods
Parents (N = 93) completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Social Responsiveness Scale about their adolescent (Mage = 13.1, SD = 2.3, 62.4% females) with an RND (e.g., sex chromosome aneuploidies, Fragile X syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome). The data were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression analysis.

Results
The prevalence of suicidal risk behaviors (16.1%) was similar to that reported among autistic youth and was higher among boys than girls. More autistic traits were associated with suicidal risk behaviors in bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, more anxiety/depressive symptoms were associated with more suicidal risk behaviors and externalizing problems associated with suicidal risk behaviors beyond autistic traits and anxiety/depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Adolescents with RNDs are at risk of suicidal risk behaviors, especially those with higher levels of autistic traits, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and externalizing problems. Assessment of autistic traits, mental health difficulties, and suicide risk may be indicated for adolescents with RNDs to determine if corresponding intervention is needed.
Congenital epulis: a rare diagnosis of newborn
Authors: Rauniyar Dilip , Upadhyaya Chandan , Chaurasia Nitesh , Sharma Siddhartha , Bhandari Anima 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Congenital epulis is a rare benign soft tissue lesion that occurs exclusively in neonates and usually develops from the alveolar mucosa at the frontal region of the maxilla. Lesions may be sessile or pedunculated, normal in color or reddish and vary in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Although spontaneous regression has also been reported, surgical excision is indicated for large tumors that may obstruct the airway and make feeding the child difficult. In this case report, we present a rare case of congenital epulis involving the right side of the maxillary alveolar mucosa in a neonate delivered vaginally at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavreplanchok, Nepal. The lesion was surgically removed by electrocautery, and histologic examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of congenital epulis. No complications occurred after surgery, and when the child was examined 6 months later, no evidence of recurrence noticed.
Antifungal activity of sustainable histone deacetylase inhibitors against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. and Cryptococcusneoformans
Authors: de Oliveira Andressa Souza , de Oliveira Jonathas Sales , Kumar Rajender , Silva Fabiana Brandão Alves , Fernandes Mirele Rodrigues , Nobre Feynman Dias , Costa Anderson da Cunha , Albuquerque Patrícia , Sidrim José Júlio Costa , Rocha Marcos Fábio Gadelha , Santos Flavia Almeida , Srivastava Vaibhav , Romeiro Luiz Antonio Soares , Brilhante Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The limited therapeutic options for fungal infections and the increased incidence of fungal strains resistant to antifungal drugs, especially Candida spp., require the development of new antifungal drugs and strategies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), like vorinostat, have been studied in cancer treatment and have antifungal effects, acting alone or synergistically with classical antifungals. Here we investigated the antifungal activity of two novel sustainable HDACi (LDT compounds) based on vorinostat structure. Molecular docking simulation studies reveal that LDT compounds can bind to Class-I HDACs of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans, which showed similar binding mode to vorinostat. LDT compounds showed moderate activity when tested alone against fungi but act synergistically with antifungal azoles against Candida spp. They reduced biofilm formation by more than 50% in C. albicans (4 µg/mL), with the main action in fungal filamentation. Cytotoxicity of the LDT compounds against RAW264.7 cells was evaluated and LDT536 demonstrated cytotoxicity only at the concentration of 200 µmol/L, while LDT537 showed IC50 values of 29.12 µmol/L. Our data indicated that these sustainable and inexpensive HDACi have potential antifungal and antibiofilm activities, with better results than vorinostat, although further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanism against fungal cells.
Infection of bats with Histoplasma species
Authors: Gugnani Harish C , Denning David W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Histoplasma species infect humans and animals, notably bats. Histoplasma species are thermally dimorphic fungi existing in mycelial form in the natural environment and in yeast form in infected tissues. In this narrative literature review, we summarize the occurrence of Histoplasma spp. in different species of bat tissues (n = 49) and in soil admixed with bat guano where the species of bat dwelling nearby has been identified (an additional 18 species likely infected) to provide an up-to-date summary of data. Most positive isolations are from the Americas and Caribbean, with some studies from Thailand, Malaysia, Nigeria, Slovenia, France, and Australia. We also summarize some of the early experimental work to elucidate pathogenicity, latency, immune response, and faecal excretion in bats. Given the recent recognition of the global extent of histoplasmosis, thermal dimorphism in Histoplasma spp., and global heating, additional work on understanding the complex relationship between Histoplasma and bats is desirable.
Clinical features of Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals: A retrospective study in southern China
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Mo Xichao , Zhang Jian , Yan Ziyan , Fang Yiling , Deng Wenfeng , Xu Jian , Peng Jie , Miao Yun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (TSM) is a temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus endemic to Southeast Asia and southern China. As the number of people at risk of TSM infection continues to increase, the clinical manifestations are becoming increasingly complex, posing challenges for clinical management. In this study, we analyzed the medical records of 99 patients (71 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-positive and 28 HIV-negative) diagnosed with TSM infection from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, in southern China and compared the clinical manifestations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Most patients (83/99, 84%) were male. The incidence of skin and soft tissue involvement (48% vs. 21%, P = .016); disseminated infection with blood circulation, hematopoietic, lymphatic, alimentary, or central nervous system involvement (69% vs. 36%, P = .002); and gastrointestinal bleeding (33% vs. 9%, P = .023) was higher in the HIV-positive group than the HIV-negative group. The HIV-positive group also had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (31 [26-42] vs. 14 [11-16] U/l, P &lt; .001) and ALT/aspartate transaminase ratio (1.9 [1.5–2.2] vs. 1.3 [1.1–1.6], P = .006) than the HIV-negative group. The time to diagnosis (5.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.1 ± 1.4 days, P = .103), antifungal regimen (P = .278), case fatality rate (20% vs. 21%, P = .849), and relapse/reinfection rate (11% vs. 19%, P = .576) did not differ significantly between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups. Poor antiretroviral therapy adherence (OR = 26.19, 95%CI 3.26–210.70, P = .002), advanced age (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.03–1.23, P = .010), and Epstein-Barr virus co-infection (OR = 37.13, 95%CI 3.03–455.64, P = .005) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality from TSM infection in HIV-positive patients. Overall, the predominant infection sites, clinical manifestations, and complications of TSM infection differed by HIV status. However, with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, HIV-positive patients with TSM infection can have similar outcomes to HIV-negative patients.
Multiphase fragmentation: molecular shattering
Authors: Farber Ryan J , Gronke Max 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent observations suggest galaxies may ubiquitously host a molecular component to their multiphase circumgalactic medium (CGM). However, the structure and kinematics of the molecular CGM remain understudied theoretically and largely unconstrained observationally. Recent work suggests molecular gas clouds with efficient cooling survive acceleration in hot winds similar to atomic clouds. Yet the fragmentation of molecular clouds into a large number of fragments (‘shattering’) when subjected to external shocks or undergoing rapid cooling remains unstudied. We perform radiative, inviscid hydrodynamic simulations of clouds perturbed out of pressure equilibrium to explore the process of shattering to molecular temperatures. We find molecular clouds larger than a critical size can shatter into a mist of tiny droplets, with the critical size deviating significantly from the atomic case. We find that cold clouds shatter only if the sound crossing time exceeds the local maximum of the cooling time at ∼8000 K. Moreover, we find evidence for a universal mechanism to ‘shatter’ cold clouds into a ‘mist’ of tiny droplets as a result of rotational fragmentation – a process we dub ‘splintering’. Our results have implications for resolving the molecular phase of the CGM in observations and cosmological simulations.
A detached double X-ray tail in the merging galaxy cluster Z8338 with a large double tail
Authors: Ge Chong , Sun Ming , Nulsen Paul E J , Sarazin Craig , Markevitch Maxim , Schellenberger Gerrit 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
When subhaloes infall into galaxy clusters, their gas content is ram pressure stripped by the intracluster medium (ICM) and may turn into cometary tails. We report the discovery of two spectacular X-ray double tails in a single galaxy cluster, Z8338, revealed by 70 ks Chandra observations. The brighter one, with an X-ray bolometric luminosity of 3.9 × 1042 erg s−1, is a detached tail stripped from the host halo and extended at least 250 kpc in projection. The head of the detached tail is a cool core with the front tip of the cold front ∼30 kpc away from the nucleus of its former host galaxy. The cooling time of the detached cool core is ∼0.3 Gyr. For the detached gas, the gravity of the once-associated dark matter halo further enhances the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. From its survival, we find that a magnetic field of a few μG is required to suppress the hydrodynamic instability. The X-ray temperature in the tail increases from 0.9 keV at the front tip to 1.6 keV in the wake region, which suggests the turbulent mixing with the hotter ICM. The fainter double X-ray tail, with a total X-ray luminosity of 2.7 × 1042 erg s−1, appears to stem from the cool core of a subcluster in Z8338, and likely was formed during the ongoing merger. This example suggests that X-ray cool cores can be displaced and eventually destroyed by mergers, while the displaced cool cores can survive for some extended period of time.
Effect of vitamin B1 supplementation on blood creatinine and lactate levels and clinical outcomes in patients in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Karimi Elmira , Gholizadeh Mohammad , Abdolahi Mina , Sedighiyan Mohsen , Salehinia Farahnaz , Siri Goli , Asanjarani Behzad , Yousefi Abolghasem , Gandomkar Hossein , Abdollahi Hamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
The metabolic response to stress can deplete the remaining thiamine stores, leading to thiamine deficiency.

Objective
This study is the first meta-analysis of the effectiveness of thiamine supplementation on clinical and biochemical outcomes in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Data Sources
Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched to select studies up to 20 November 2022.

Study Selection
Studies investigating the effect of thiamine supplementation on serum lactate and creatinine levels, the need for renal replacement therapy, length of ICU stay, and mortality rate in ICU patients were selected.

Data Extraction
After excluding studies based on title and abstract screening, 2 independent investigators reviewed the full texts of the remaining articles. In the next step, a third investigator resolved any discrepancy in the article selection process.

Results
Of 1628 retrieved articles, 8 were selected for final analysis. This study showed that thiamine supplementation reduced the serum creatinine level (P = .03) compared with placebo. In addition, according to subgroup analysis, serum creatinine concentration was significantly lower in patients &gt;60 years old (P &lt; .00001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the lactate level between the thiamine supplementation and placebo groups (P = .26). Thiamine supplementation did not decrease the risk of all-cause mortality (P = .71) or the need for renal replacement therapy (P = .14). The pooled results of eligible randomized controlled trials also showed that thiamine supplementation did not reduce the length of ICU stay in comparison to the placebo group (P = .39).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides evidence that thiamine supplementation has a protective effect against blood creatinine increase in ICU patients. However, further high-quality trials are needed to discover the effect of thiamine supplementation on clinical and biochemical outcomes in ICU patients.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO no. CRD42023399710 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=399710).