bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racialized economic segregation and potentially preventable hospitalizations among Medicaid/CHIP‐enrolled children
Authors: Smith Laura Barrie , O'Brien Claire , Kenney Genevieve M. , Tabb Loni Philip , Verdeflor Alaisha , Wei Keqin , Lynch Victoria , Waidmann Timothy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine geographic variation in preventable hospitalizations among Medicaid/CHIP‐enrolled children and to test the association between preventable hospitalizations and a novel measure of racialized economic segregation, which captures residential segregation within ZIP codes based on race and income simultaneously.Data SourcesWe supplement claims and enrollment data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T‐MSIS) representing over 12 million Medicaid/CHIP enrollees in 24 states with data from the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project measuring racialized economic segregation.Study DesignWe measure preventable hospitalizations by ZIP code among children. We use logistic regression to estimate the association between ZIP code‐level measures of racialized economic segregation and preventable hospitalizations, controlling for sex, age, rurality, eligibility group, managed care plan type, and state.Data Extraction MethodsWe include children ages 0–17 continuously enrolled in Medicaid/CHIP throughout 2018. We use validated algorithms to identify preventable hospitalizations, which account for characteristics of the pediatric population and exclude children with certain underlying conditions.Principal FindingsPreventable hospitalizations vary substantially across ZIP codes, and a quarter of ZIP codes have rates exceeding 150 hospitalizations per 100,000 Medicaid‐enrolled children per year. Preventable hospitalization rates vary significantly by level of racialized economic segregation: children living in the ZIP codes that have the highest concentration of low‐income, non‐Hispanic Black residents have adjusted rates of 181 per 100,000 children, compared to 110 per 100,000 for children in ZIP codes that have the highest concentration of high‐income, non‐Hispanic white residents (p < 0.01). This pattern is driven by asthma‐related preventable hospitalizations.ConclusionsMedicaid‐enrolled children's risk of preventable hospitalizations depends on where they live, and children in economically and racially segregated neighborhoods—specifically those with higher concentrations of low‐income, non‐Hispanic Black residents—are at particularly high risk. It will be important to identify and implement Medicaid/CHIP and other policies that increase access to high‐quality preventive care and that address structural drivers of children's health inequities.
Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications
Authors: Giteru Stephen G. , Ramsey Derek H. , Hou Yakun , Cong Lei , Mohan Anand , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe growing global population and lifestyle changes have increased the demand for specialized diets that require protein and other essential nutrients for humans. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of food bioresources treated as waste as additional sources of alternative proteins. Sheep wool is an inexpensive and readily available bioresource containing 95%–98% protein, making it an outstanding potential source of protein for food and biotechnological applications. The strong structure of wool and its indigestibility are the main hurdles to achieving its potential as an edible protein. Although various methods have been investigated for the hydrolysis of wool into keratin, only a few of these, such as sulfitolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic processes, have the potential to generate edible keratin. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies reported no cytotoxicity effects of extracted keratin, suggesting its potential for use as a high‐value protein ingredient that supports normal body functions. Keratin has a high cysteine content that can support healthy epithelia, glutathione synthesis, antioxidant functions, and skeletal muscle functions. With the recent spike in new keratin extraction methods, extensive long‐term investigations that examine prolonged exposure of keratin generated from these techniques in animal and human subjects are required to ascertain its safety. Food applications of wool could improve the ecological footprint of sheep farming and unlock the potential of a sustainable protein source that meets demands for ethical production of animal protein.
Implementing the equality, diversity, and inclusion agenda in multinational companies: A framework for the management of (linguistic) diversity
Authors: Ciuk Sylwia , Śliwa Martyna , Harzing Anne‐Wil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdvancing, both conceptually and practically, the equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) agenda, which is notoriously difficult to implement, this paper addresses the under‐researched area of global diversity management (GDM) in multinational companies (MNCs). Drawing on Harrison and Klein's (2007) conceptualisations of diversity (separation, variety, and disparity) and two core concepts (fluidity and reciprocity) that reflect recent developments in the EDI literature, we propose a two‐step framework for implementing the EDI agenda through GDM. We argue that to achieve inclusion, we first need to think differently about diversity and differences (i.e., view diversity in a positive light and recognise and appreciate differences as fluid), in order to act differently (i.e., promote reciprocal effort to leverage diversity). We illustrate our framework with the specific case of linguistic diversity, a diversity dimension that is particularly salient, but also often neglected in MNCs, and discuss the implications of the proposed framework for EDI theory as well as human resource management policies and practice.
Comparative study of phenolic compounds reveals a positive relationship between astringency and the phenolic composition in table grape varieties
Authors: Feng Jiao , Nieuwenhuizen Niels , Atkinson Ross , Wang Wu , Zeng Jingjue , Zheng Huan , Tao Jianmin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhenolic compounds and their derivatives play a major role in the intensity and characteristics of grape (Vitis vinifera) astringency. The present study investigated the relationship between phenolic composition and astringency of six commercial table grape varieties (two of each white‐, red‐, and black‐skinned). Qualitative and quantitative liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the variety‐specific phenolic profiles in the skins and total astringency intensity was assessed and described by a trained sensory panel. Thirty phenolic compounds were identified among the six varieties. Principal component analysis of the phenolic profiles revealed that the intensity of astringency of grape skin was positively correlated with catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin‐3‐O‐gallate, and proanthocyanidin dimers B1, B2, and B3. A further orthogonal partial least‐squares discrimination analysis of these compounds showed that catechin was the substance most strongly and positively correlated (R = 0.904) with grape skin astringency.Practical ApplicationThis study provided a better understanding of the relationships between phenolic composition and table grape astringency and highlighted a potential metabolic marker that could be used as a predictor for the complex astringency sensory attributes of table grape berries.
Let families decide: Barriers and enablers to participation in family‐assisted therapy for older people in transition care
Authors: Lawler Katherine , Taylor Nicholas F. , Shields Nora 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the barriers and enablers to participation in family‐assisted therapy for older people in Transition Care.MethodsA qualitative study, underpinned by interpretive description, was conducted at two public health services in Melbourne, Australia. Participants included patients in Transition Care, or their family members, who either participated in or chose not to participate in a family‐assisted therapy trial. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsForty‐four participants were interviewed (17 patients and 27 family members). The unifying theme was to let families decide about participation in family‐assisted therapy. The unifying theme was illustrated by three subthemes. The first, what is possible for the family now, described practical considerations including geography, paid and unpaid work structure and commitments and the presence of fit and willing social networks. The second, what is important to the family now, recognised the role of family priorities in deciding. Physical rehabilitation and extra therapy were of high importance to some families. For others, emotional support or searching for a residential aged care bed were more important at the time. Finally, how the family functions described the complexity of relationships and family history that impacted the decision to participate.ConclusionsThe decision to participate in family‐assisted therapy is complex and is best made by patients and their families. Clinicians offering family‐assisted therapy are encouraged to avoid assuming what will or will not work for families and instead, to let families decide.
Study management strategies to optimize student‐ and trainee‐led collaborative research
Authors:   TASMAN Collaborative
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe collaborative research model is a powerful approach to answering surgical research questions that empowers and inspires medical students and trainees. The Opioid PrEscRiptions and usage After Surgery (OPERAS) study is a student‐ and trainee‐led international multi‐centre prospective cohort study developed in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. In this article, we will discuss (i) how the OPERAS study was conceptualized and structured; (ii) the channels through which information and education were communicated to collaborators; (iii) how data was stored in a secure and user‐friendly fashion and (iv) the lessons learned and expected goals for the future. We aim to describe how collaborative research studies can be designed to support early career researchers to make valuable contributions to the literature.
Sodium flux during hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration treatment of acute kidney injury: Effects of dialysate and infusate sodium concentration at 140 and 145 mmol/L
Authors: Buzancais Aurèle , Brunot Vincent , Larcher Romaric , Tudesq Jean‐Jacques , Platon Laura , Besnard Noémie , Amalric Matthieu , Daubin Delphine , Corne Philippe , Moulaire Valérie , Jung Boris , Canaud Bernard , Cristol Jean‐Paul , Klouche Kada 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundA higher sodium (Na) dialysate concentration is recommended during renal replacement therapy (RRT) of acute kidney injury (AKI) to improve intradialytic hemodynamic tolerance, but it may lead to Na loading to the patient. We aimed to evaluate Na flux according to Na dialysate and infusate concentrations at 140 and 145 mmol/L during hemodialysis (HD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF).MethodsFourteen AKI patients that underwent consecutive HD or HDF sessions with Na dialysate/infusate at 140 and 145 mmol/L were included. Per‐dialytic flux of Na was estimated using mean sodium logarithmic concentration including diffusive and convective influx. We compared the flux of sodium between HD140 and 145, and between HDF140 and 145.ResultsNine HD140, ten HDF140, nine HD145, and 11 HDF145 sessions were analyzed. A Na gradient from the dialysate/replacement fluid to the patient was observed with dialysate/infusate Na at 145 mmol/L in both HD and HDF (p = 0.01). The comparison of HD145 to HD140 showed that higher Na dialysate induced a diffusive Na gradient to the patient (163 mmol vs. −25 mmol, p = 0.004) and that of HDF145 to −140 (211 vs. 36 mmol, p = 0.03) as well. Intradialytic hemodynamic tolerance was similar across all RRT sessions.ConclusionsDuring both HD and HDF, a substantial Na loading occurred with a Na dialysate and infusate at 145 mmol/L. This Na loading is smaller in HDF with Na dialysate and infusate concentration at 140 mmol/L and inversed with HD140. Clinical and intradialytic hemodynamic tolerance was fair regardless of Na dialysate and infusate.
Can enuresis alarm therapy be managed by the families without the support of a nurse? A prospective study of a real‐world sample
Authors: Larsson Jens , Borgström Malin , Karanikas Birgitta , Nevéus Tryggve 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe alarm is the first‐line treatment of nocturnal enuresis. However, the therapy is labour‐intensive for both families and healthcare providers. Our aim was to see whether the treatment could be successfully used by the families, without support from healthcare providers.MethodsAn alarm linked to an application on a parent's smartphone was used. The app recorded enuretic events and gave instructions. Group A were children supported by a nurse. Group B were patients whose families had bought the alarm and downloaded the app independently.ResultsThere were 196 children in group A and 202 in group B. The percentages of full responders, partial responders, non‐responders and dropouts were 18.4%, 20.4%, 22.4% and 38.8% in group A and 13.4%, 11.4%, 14.9% and 60.4% in group B. The risk for dropping out of therapy was higher in group B (p < 0.001), whereas the chance for adherent children to become dry did not differ between the groups (p = 0.905).ConclusionFor families who are able to adhere to alarm therapy the chance of success is just as good when managed independently as when supported by a nurse. But the latter children will have a greater chance of adhering to the full treatment.
Prehistoric wooden bows and arrows in the Turpan Basin, Northwest China: Wood selection and utilization in a mosaic landscape
Authors: Nong Kuangyuan , Zhang Guilin , Wang Long , Cheng Yeming , Jiang Hongen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we analyzed seven wooden bows and 13 arrows excavated from the cemeteries of Subeixi Culture (13th century BCE–AD second century) in the Turpan Basin, northwest China. A total of six taxa, viz. Morus sp., Salix sp., Picea sp., Lonicera sp., Betula sp., and Tamarix sp. were identified. Some of these taxa have been generally accepted to be suitable for bow‐and‐arrow production. All these taxa were local in origin but distributed in different ecotonal zones, including oases, saline‐alkali lands, and mountain areas. Previous archaeological studies have confirmed that the Subeixi populations lived an agro‐pastoral life. By analyzing the possible provenance of these wood samples, it can be hypothesized that these ancient agro‐pastoralists moved between the Turpan Basin and the Tianshan Mountains on a seasonal basis.
Production and use of birch bark tar at the Neolithic pile‐dwelling of Palù di Livenza (North‐Eastern Italy) revealed by X‐ray computed micro‐tomography and synchrotron Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bernardini Federico , Vaccari Lisa , Zanini Franco , Bassetti Michele , Degasperi Nicola , Rottoli Mauro , Micheli Roberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent excavations at Palù di Livenza (northeastern Italy) revealed a multiphase Neolithic pile dwelling dated between ca. 4,300/4200 and 3,600 cal BC. Three lumps with teeth imprints and a larger amorphous piece from the Late Neolithic layers have been studied by X‐ray computed micro‐tomography (microCT) and synchrotron Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR spectra match well that of birch bark tar and microCT of the larger piece has revealed a rolled‐up structure likely corresponding to bark rolls. The lumps of birch pitch were probably chewed to soften the tar prior to be used as hafting adhesive or therapeutic substance. The rolled‐up inner structure of the larger piece and the remains of birch bark tar and abundant charcoals on its surface suggest it probably corresponds to a rare waste product from allothermic tar production.
The efficacy and safety of prophylactic antibiotics for post‐acute stroke infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Wu Zi‐Yang , Tang Hui‐Lin , Yi Zhan‐Miao , Zhai Suo‐Di 
Published: December 2022

AimsInfections are common complications after stroke and associated with unfavourable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic antibiotics for post‐acute stroke infection.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and clinical trial register platforms from inception to 15 February 2022. We included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of prophylactic antibiotics. Primary outcomes were mortality rate and incidence of pneumonia. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean differences with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random or fixed‐effect model depending on heterogeneity. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations.ResultsTwelve studies (4809 participants) were included. There was no significant difference in the mortality rate (12 trials, n = 4740, RR 1.03 [95% Cl: 0.91–1.16], high‐quality evidence), incidence of pneumonia (7 trials, n = 4352, RR 0.94 [95% CI: 0.79–1.11], high‐quality evidence) and the incidence of adverse events between the prophylactic antibiotics and control groups. Prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduced the incidence of infections (8 trials, n = 4517, RR 0.72 [95% CI: 0.58–0.89], moderate‐quality evidence) and urinary tract infections (7 trials, n = 4352, RR 0.39 [95% CI: 0.3–0.49], moderate‐quality evidence). None of the subgroup analyses showed a significant difference in mortality or the incidence of pneumonia.ConclusionFor acute stroke patients, prophylactic antibiotics were significantly associated with fewer incidences of any infections and urinary tract infections without significant differences in mortality rate and pneumonia.
Effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the median effective concentration of propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Hai‐yan , Deng Fang , Tang Shu‐heng , Liu Wen , Yang Hua , Song Jin‐Chao 
Published: December 2022

AimsDexmedetomidine could be an ideal adjuvant to propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy because it provides both analgesia and sedation without respiratory depression. This study investigates the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the median effective concentration of propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy.MethodsNinety adult patients were randomly assigned to Group Control, Group DEX0.5 (0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine) or Group DEX1.0 (1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine). Anaesthesia during endoscopy was implemented by plasma target‐controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol with different doses of dexmedetomidine. TCI concentration of the first patient for each group was 2.5 μg/mL and the consecutive adjacent concentration gradient was 0.5 μg/mL. Median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol by TCI for gastrointestinal endoscopy was determined by using the modified Dixon's up‐and‐down method. Cardiovascular variables were also measured.ResultsEC50 of propofol by TCI and 95% confidence interval (CI) for gastrointestinal endoscopy were 3.77 (3.48–4.09), 2.51 (2.27–2.78) and 2.10 (1.90–2.33) μg/mL in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0, respectively. The average percent change from heart rate (HR) baseline was 2.8 (8.9), −7.4 (7.7) and −10.5 (8.8) (P < .001), and the average percent change from mean arterial pressure (MAP) baseline was −10.6 [−24.7; 3.5], −9.5 [−29.2; 11.4] and −4.0 [−27.3; 15.5] (P = .034) in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0, respectively.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine reduced the EC50 of propofol by TCI. A 0.5–1 μg/kg dose of dexmedetomidine caused a decrease in HR without bradycardia. The decrease in dosage of propofol with increasing doses of dexmedetomidine caused more stable MAP. Dexmedetomidine is an ideal adjuvant drug to propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Illuminating the monoamine transporters: Fluorescently labelled ligands to study dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine transporters
Authors: Camacho‐Hernandez Gisela Andrea , Jahan Khorshada , Newman Amy Hauck 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFluorescence microscopy has revolutionized the visualization of physiological processes in live‐cell systems. With the recent innovations in super resolution microscopy, these events can be examined with high precision and accuracy. The development of fluorescently labelled small molecules has provided a significant advance in understanding the physiological relevance of targeted proteins that can now be visualized at the cellular level. One set of physiologically important target proteins are the monoamine transporters (MATs) that play an instrumental role in maintaining monoamine signalling homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying their regulation and dysregulation is fundamental to treating several neuropsychiatric conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression and substance use disorders. Herein, we describe the rationale behind the small molecule design of fluorescently labelled ligands (FLL) either as MAT substrates or inhibitors as well as their applications to advance our understanding of this class of transporters in health and disease.
‘A blessing and a burden’: Exploring posttraumatic growth in doctors with acquired invisible disability—An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Sen Mukherjee Amrita , Barr Margaret 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesQualitative studies of the relationship between acquired invisible disability (AcqID) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are scant, especially in the context of healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore in‐depth accounts of the lived experience of PTG in doctors with AcqID arising from physical illness with cognitive dysfunction.DesignFive doctors who had been diagnosed in the last decade with a physical illness with cognitive dysfunction resulting in an AcqID, and who self‐reported at least one feature of PTG participated in this qualitative research study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThis study recognized that AcqID supported a process of PTG for participants. Three superordinate themes were apparent across the sample: identity (The human left behind), self (Acceptance of the disabled self), and rebirth (The phoenix rises from the ashes). Human connection, service as a value, and the role of the body were found to be key facilitators of PTG in these participants. This study offers new perspectives on cognitive‐embodied appreciation in facilitating PTG in doctors with AcqID.ConclusionsWhile the participants perceived AcqID with cognitive dysfunction to be a trauma, they also experienced PTG, Corporeal PTG and a new considered domain, Cognitive‐Embodied PTG. The unrealised potential of PTG can be harnessed if doctors with disability are viewed as assets to the medical profession, and diversity is promoted through the provision of appropriate support. Thus, there is potential to cultivate a flourishing, inclusive, and compassionate culture within medicine.