bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrile rubber/peroxide treatment transformed recycled polyethylene into mechanically improved materials
Authors: Ghosh Arun , Kannan Ashik Cheruvathery 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe recycled high‐density polyethylene (rHDPE) feedstock containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mineral was obtained from post‐consumer single‐use grocery bags. This feedstock is transformed into new composite materials with improved mechanical properties using a high‐shear compounding process. The rHDPE/CaCO3 feedstock is injected into the high‐shear polymer mixer and blended with acrylonitrile‐butadiene copolymer or nitrile rubber (up to 10 wt%) and crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide. The resultant materials exhibit high mechanical performance, with a maximum tensile strength of 20.3 MPa, stiffness of 1262 MPa, and impact strength of 63 kJ/m2. These mechanical properties are profoundly higher than those of neat rHDPE feedstock. Notably, the post‐consumer plastic bags contain a high amount of CaCO3 mineral of approximately 30 wt% (13 vol%), impacting the materials' mechanical properties with additives such as nitrile rubber. In addition, the materials' melt‐rheology, viscoelastic, and phase morphology are analyzed. The melt‐rheological characteristics indicate that the materials' complex viscosity and storage modulus are frequency‐dependent, demonstrating the thermoplastic nature of the composite materials and the possibility of thermomechanical recyclability of the materials. However, treating rHDPE/nitrile rubber blends with peroxide creates resistance to the melt‐flow of the materials.
School‐based interventions promoting social capabilities among students: A scoping review of literature
Authors: Ansari Aisha Naz , Rizvi Nusrat Fatima 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a scoping review of existing literature published between 2010 and 2022 on the role of schools in promoting social capabilities among students. It aims to map the evidence regarding the school programmes or interventions that are practised across the globe to promote psycho‐socio‐emotional skills among students. The review indicates a broad scope of social interventions with limited evidence on interventions promoting social capabilities. Notably, both formal and non‐formal programmes are being offered in schools to foster social–emotional learning, self‐awareness (e.g., self‐regulation, resilience and forgiveness in attitude, and mental health awareness), and pro‐social behaviour development (e.g., positive behaviour, mindfulness, management and support, parental involvement, mentorship, sports and animal protection). This review highlights substantially encouraging effect of interventions for promoting social capabilities among students. However, the short‐term nature of programmes hardly allows the sustainability of acquired skills and behaviours among students. Additionally, the review identified a contextual gap in developing countries, including Pakistan. Therefore, it suggests the integration of such programmes in school policies and curricula, after contextualising, to ensure their regularity and sustaining psycho‐socio‐emotional skills. This recommends the development, and execution of an intervention that encompasses all the components of social capabilities collectively, along with examining its efficacy.
Context and implicationsRationale of the reviewThis scoping review aims to capture the scope and map the existing evidence regarding school‐based interventions to promote psycho‐socio‐emotional development among students.Why new findings matterThe review provided valuable insights into the significance and necessity of psycho‐socio‐emotional development for students, which is essential in today's world. The lack of evidence from developing countries is found that needs critical attention. The findings contribute to the future of holistic development through the contextual adaptation of practiced interventions in developing contexts like Pakistan.Implications for researchers and policymakersThe emerging findings imply the need for understanding the importance of developing psycho‐socio‐emotional skills collectively among students as part of the school experience. The implications extend to various stakeholders, including policymakers and school practitioners, who need to prioritise the holistic development of students throughout their formal education. Furthermore, this review is a call for researchers to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions tailored to the specific needs of developing contexts, where there is currently a lack of evidence of school‐based initiatives.
The climate and land use change nexus: Implications for designing adaptation and conservation investment strategies in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Bosma Charissa , Hein Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change and land use change are two global and interacting forces of change that have wide‐reaching effects on socio‐ecological systems. Despite their interconnectedness, the two are mostly considered separately in investment programs. Therefore, without an integrated systemic approach that considers these interactions, we will fail to achieve the ambitions to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals. By integrating the Driver‐Pressure‐State‐Impact‐Response framework and the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounts Ecosystem Accounting, this paper assesses how the interlinkages between climate change and land use change can be jointly considered in the design of climate adaptation and ecosystem conservation investments. The analysis points to the following priorities for interventions in an integrated approach: forest conservation, protection of peatlands, climate‐smart agriculture, and restoration of degraded lands. The paper furthermore suggests a set of systemic investment principles that can contribute to capital allocation for climate adaptation and conservation.
Rebordering, Forced Migration and Population Health Crises, 1988–1994
Authors: Hirschfeld Katherine , de Beurs Kirsten , Brayfield Brad , Melkonyan-Gottschalk Ani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the population health crises that emerged as a result of the Karabakh conflict in the early 1990s. In addition to malaria, Armenia endured epidemics of measles, diphtheria, hepatitis and tuberculosis during this conflict. Most public services (including public health) collapsed after the disintegration of the USSR. The uncertainty of geopolitical boundaries during the conflict meant that some areas endured prolonged conditions of statelessness and “rebordering” that led to abandoned farmland, interruptions in agricultural production and massive population dislocations. Thousands of refugees were housed in poorly equipped camps for years while the conflict expanded. These conditions created tremendous vulnerability to epidemics of infectious disease.
Covariant orbital-spin scheme for any spin based on irreducible tensor
Authors: Jing Hao-Jie , Ben Di , Wu Shu-Ming , Wu Jia-Jun , Zou Bing-Song 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In hadron spectrum physics, the partial wave analysis is a primary method used to extract properties of hadronic resonances. The covariant orbital-spin coupling scheme holds unique advantages over other partial wave methods due to its Lorentz covariant form and determined orbital-spin quantum numbers. This paper presents a general form of the covariant orbital-spin coupling scheme based on the irreducible tensor of the homogeneous proper Lorentz group and its little groups. A systematic procedure for constructing partial wave amplitude in a Lorentz covariant way is provided, which can be applied to both massive and massless particles. Specific examples are also included.
Exponential polynomials and the sine addition law on magmas
Authors: Stetkær Henrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor any set X we let $${\mathcal {F}}(X)$$

F
(
X
)

denote the complex vector space of functions $$f: X \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

f
:
X
→
C

. Let $$X = S$$

X
=
S

be a magma, and let V be a subspace of $${\mathcal {F}}(S)$$

F
(
S
)

, which is invariant under left or right translations. It is known for an abelian group S that if $$p_1\chi _1, \dots , p_n\chi _n \in {\mathcal {F}}(S)$$

p
1

χ
1

,
⋯
,

p
n

χ
n

∈
F

(
S
)

are nonzero exponential polynomials with distinct exponentials $$\chi _1, \dots , \chi _n$$

χ
1

,
⋯
,

χ
n

then $$p_1\chi _1+ \dots + p_n\chi _n \in V$$

p
1

χ
1

+
⋯
+

p
n

χ
n

∈
V

$$\Rightarrow $$
⇒
$$p_1\chi _1, \dots , p_n\chi _n \in V$$

p
1

χ
1

,
⋯
,

p
n

χ
n

∈
V

and $$\chi _1, \dots , \chi _n \in V$$

χ
1

,
⋯
,

χ
n

∈
V

. We extend this to magmas. Our results imply that any exponential polynomial solution $$f \in {\mathcal {F}}(S)$$

f
∈
F
(
S
)

of $$f(xy) = f(x)\chi (y) + \chi (x)f(y)$$

f
(
x
y
)
=
f
(
x
)
χ
(
y
)
+
χ
(
x
)
f
(
y
)

where $$\chi \in {\mathcal {F}}(S)$$

χ
∈
F
(
S
)

is an exponential, has the form $$f = a\chi $$

f
=
a
χ

where $$a \in {\mathcal {F}}(S)$$

a
∈
F
(
S
)

is additive, even when $$\chi $$
χ
has zeros.
Optimal fibular tunnel direction for anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction: 45 degrees outperforms 30 and 60 degrees
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Xiao , Zhang Zheng‐Zheng , Wang Jing‐Song , Luo Xi‐Yuan , Liu Tian‐Yu , Ma Yu‐Fan , Deng Xing‐Hao , Zhou Yun‐Feng , Xu Da‐Zheng , Li Wei‐Ping , Wang Peng , Song Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThere is currently no consensus on the optimal drilling direction of the fibular bone tunnel for anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) reconstruction, and few studies have investigated the potential injury to the peroneus longus and brevis tendons and the possibility of fibular fractures during the drilling process. The aim of this study was to assess the potential risk of drilling the tunnel from different directions and determine the most appropriate tunnel direction. The hypothesis was that drilling the tunnel in the 45‐degree direction would be the safest and most suitable for the fibular tunnel.
MethodsForty‐eight fibular tunnels were drilled on fresh ankle specimens using a K‐wire guide and a 5.0 mm hollow drill. Three tunnel orientations were created, parallel to the sagittal plane of the long axis of the fibula and angled 30°, 45°, and 60° to the coronal plane. The length of the fibular tunnel and the distances from the outlet of the K‐wire to the peroneus longus and brevis tendons were measured. The occurrence of a fibula fracture was also observed.ResultsThe lengths of the bone tunnels in the three groups were 32.9 ± 6.1 mm (30°), 27.2 ± 4.4 mm (45°) and 23.6 ± 4.0 mm (60°). The length of the tunnel drilled at 30° was the longest when compared with that of the tunnels drilled at 45° and 60° (all p values < 0.05). The distances from the outlet of the K‐wire to the peroneus longus tendon were 3.0 ± 3.8 mm (30°), 3.8 ± 3.2 mm (45°) and 5.3 ± 1.8 mm (60°), and the distances to the peroneus brevis tendon were 4.2 ± 4.0 mm (30°), 6.1 ± 3.8 mm (45°), 7.9 ± 3.5 mm (60°). In terms of protecting the peroneus longus and brevis tendons, drilling in the 60° direction was better than drilling in the 30° and 45° directions (all p values < 0.05). The risk of injury to the peroneal longus and brevis tendons was 62.5% (30°), 31.3% (45°), and 0% (60°). Although no fibular fractures were observed in any of the three directions, drilling the bone tunnel in the 60° direction disrupted the lateral cortex of the fibula.ConclusionThis study shows that drilling the tunnel in the 45° direction is less likely to cause injury to the peroneus longus and brevis tendons, while ensuring that the tunnel has a sufficient length and avoiding fracturing the distal fibula. Drilling a fibular bone tunnel in a 45° direction is safer and recommended for ATFL reconstruction.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of aluminium micro-pins realized by cold metal transfer
Authors: Schneider-Bröskamp Christian , Schnall Martin , Birgmann Alois , Ucsnik Stephan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe European collaborative research project ADALFIC (Advanced Aluminium Fittings in CFRP tubes) focuses on the design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of ultra-lightweight carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) tubes with integrated aluminium end fittings. Reliable joining technologies for combining aluminium and CFRP are of great interest since the combination of superior mechanical properties and low density offer a wide range of applications. One such approach is the use of form locking micro-pins on the surface of the metallic part enabling the joint between metal and CFRP by mechanical interlocking. In this work Fronius’ Cold-Metal-Transfer (CMT) Print welding technology was used to generate very small, minimum-mass, spike-head pins, which are optimized for form-locked joints between aluminium and CFRP components. The aluminium pins are characterized on a macroscopic and microscopic level using light optical microscopy and hardness testing. To evaluate the behavior of the pins under mode II load conditions a new shear testing method for pins was developed and implemented. With this test equipment the maximum shear force and ultimate shear strength of individual pins were measured at different temperatures and heat treatment conditions. The failure modes and fracture surfaces were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the novel spike-head CMT aluminium pins can withstand considerable shear forces, especially in the peak aged condition. This makes them a viable, flexible and lightweight option for form-locked aluminium-CFRP joints.
Prey availability influences the effect of boldness on reproductive success in a mammalian predator
Authors: Clermont Jeanne , Couchoux Charline , Lai Sandra , Berteaux Dominique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBoldness is an important trait in wild populations, and among-individual differences can link to individual fitness. The strength and direction of relationships between behavioral and life-history traits may however vary according to environmental conditions, where fluctuating selection acting on behavioral traits contributes to the maintenance of personality differences. We explored sources of variation in Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) boldness and investigated how temporal variation in the abundance of a main prey (lemmings) influences the relationship between fox boldness and reproductive success. We measured the behavioral reaction of individuals when escaping after handling, as an indicator of their boldness. We obtained 70 measurements from 42 individuals during two years of low lemming abundance and 2 years of high lemming abundance and assessed fox litter size as an indicator of reproductive success. First, individual characteristics (age, sex, mass) did not affect Arctic fox boldness, while individual identity generated variation in boldness. Next, we found that during years of low lemming density, individuals behaving boldly had more pups than those behaving less boldly, suggesting boldness may provide an advantage when lemmings are scarce by increasing hunting success or allowing access to alternative resources. However, all individuals tended to show high levels of boldness when lemming density was high, and all produced large litters. Temporal variation in the abundance of a main prey might therefore influence the relation between boldness and reproductive success of a predator, and if individuals consistently differ in their level of boldness, fluctuating selection could contribute to the maintenance of personality.Significance statementEffects of boldness on Arctic fox reproductive success: lemming abundance matters! When lemmings are scarce, foxes showing bold behavior have more pups than foxes showing less bold behavior. This highlights that under low prey availability, boldness may bring short-term benefits to predators, potentially because it allows to acquire more food. When lemmings are abundant, however, all foxes produce as many pups. This shows that environmental conditions such as prey abundance can influence the relation between behavior and reproductive success in a predator. Studying the context-dependency of relationships between behavior and reproductive success is critical to better understand ecological and evolutionary consequences of environmental change.
Validation of a novel 3-dimensional classification for degenerative arthritis of the shoulder
Authors: Kleim Benjamin D. , Lappen Sebastian , Kadantsev Pavel , Degenhardt Hannes , Fritsch Lorenz , Siebenlist Sebastian , Hinz Maximilian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
A novel three-dimensional classification to comprehensively describe degenerative arthritis of the shoulder (DAS) was recently published by our group. The purpose of the present work was to investigate intra- and interobserver agreement as well as validity for the three-dimensional classification.

Materials and methods
Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of 100 patients who had undergone shoulder arthroplasty for DAS were randomly selected. Four observers independently classified the CT scans twice, with an interval of 4 weeks, after prior three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula plane using a clinical image viewing software. Shoulders were classified according to biplanar humeroscapular alignment as posterior, centered or anterior (> 20% posterior, centered, > 5% anterior subluxation of humeral head radius) and superior, centered or inferior (> 5% inferior, centered, > 20% superior subluxation of humeral head radius). Glenoid erosion was graded 1–3. Gold-standard values based on precise measurements from the primary study were used for validity calculations. Observers timed themselves during classification. Cohen’s weighted κ was employed for agreement analysis.

Results
Intraobserver agreement was substantial (κ = 0.71). Interobserver agreement was moderate with a mean κ of 0.46. When the additional descriptors extra-posterior and extra-superior were included, agreement did not change substantially (κ = 0.44). When agreement for biplanar alignment alone was analyzed, κ was 0.55. The validity analysis reached moderate agreement (κ = 0.48). Observers took on average 2 min and 47 s (range 45 s to 4 min and 1 s) per CT for classification.

Conclusions
The three-dimensional classification for DAS is valid. Despite being more comprehensive, the classification shows intra- and interobserver agreement comparable to previously established classifications for DAS. Being quantifiable, this has potential for improvement with automated algorithm-based software analysis in the future. The classification can be applied in under 5 min and thus can be used in clinical practice.
Finite element implementation of a certain class of elasto-viscoplastic constitutive models
Authors: Suchocki Cyprian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper a selected type of elasto-viscoplastic constitutive equations is considered. The viscoplastic model which was proposed by Marquis is generalized by allowing multiple terms describing the isotropic and the kinematic hardening. Furthermore, the presented model formulation enables one to use an arbitrary equivalent plastic strain function to describe the isotropic hardening behavior. What is more, the backstress evolution equation which was proposed by Marquis was modified so that any equivalent plastic strain function can be used in the recovery term now. The general form of the generalized constitutive model obtained this way was subsequently implemented into the finite element method (FEM). For that purpose, the radial-return mapping algorithm was utilized. The consistent tangent operator was derived for the considered class of models and is presented in the paper. A developed user material subroutine (UMAT) which allows one to use the viscoplastic models under consideration in the FEM program CalculiX is attached in the appendix section. A number of numerical simulations were conducted in order to verify the performance of the developed UMAT code.
Binder jetting in gears
Authors: Klee Lukas , Bergs Thomas , Solf Mareike , Brimmers Jens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to near netshape production, powder metallurgically manufactured (PM) gears have a high potential to increase cost and resource efficiency. Compared to conventionally machined gears, the advantages of PM gears are the different local density distribution in the component and the potential integration of secondary design elements. These advantages are accompanied by the reduction of weight and the possibility of optimizing the NVH-behavior of a gear. PM gears may be manufactured by both, die pressing and additive manufacturing (AM). The powder bed-based additive manufacturing processes for metals can be classified into binder-based (e.g. Binder Jetting, BJT) and beam-based thermal processes (e.g. Laser Powder Bed Fusion, LPBF). Due to the specific process technology, the manufacturing of PM gears by die pressing is only economical for large batch sizes in series production. For small batches, AM offers an approach to manufacture gears that meet the requirements in terms of quality, strength, acoustics and economic efficiency of the manufacturing process.This report describes the potential of BJT gears made of stainless steel 17-4PH (X5CrN-CuNb16-4) with a relative density of ρ0,rel ≈ 99% regarding the tooth bending strength. The reliability of the process and thus the tooth bending strength can be increased further by a specific adjustment of process parameters. Subsequently, the gears are tested with regard to the tooth bending strength on the pulsator test rig. The results are summarized in a SN-curve.
Dynamic demand and noncompetitive intertemporal output adjustments: correction and extension
Authors: Wirl Franz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile hundreds of papers study the strategic interactions of oligopolists facing sticky prices only very few treat the in my opinion more important and opposite case of sticky or sluggish demand and supply, e.g., for energy. This point was taken up in Wirl (Int J Ind Organ 28:220–229, 2010) but unfortunately, the computation of the linear Markov perfect equilibrium is wrong. The situation in energy markets following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine adds a topical element to the theoretical analysis. Application to the oil market suggests that the difference between collusion and oligopolistic competition among few (symmetric) players is small for Markov perfect linear eqilibria. This is in stark contrast to the outcome in open loop strategies.
Between economic openness and strategic caution: Germany’s response to China’s investment
Authors: Cai Yu-Han , Efstathopoulos Charalampos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLeading Western economies face major dilemmas regarding China’s rise as different geopolitical considerations and economic interests inform how such states engage China. This article seeks to understand Western approaches to China’s rise through an analysis of Germany’s response to Chinese investment. The discussion shows that the Sino-German relationship has increasingly been affected by rising Chinese investment in Germany that entails common benefits in technology and industrial policy. Despite enhanced economic opportunities, however, Germany’s position is gradually shifting to a more cautious approach due to increasing economic asymmetry and political uncertainty in Sino-German ties. The concerns of the German leadership are focused on the lack of reciprocity, the exposure of the EU to China’s influence, and the antagonistic positions of the two economic powers in the global economy, and are imposing limits on Germany’s cooperation with China.