bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fueling growth and preventing stunting: the role of animal protein in achieving optimal nutrition - Indonesia's National Nutrition Day 2023 Theme
Authors: Chandra Dian Novita 
Published: February 2023

Poor linear growth, currently defined as inadequate height to growth standards defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is still a major problem in low-middle-income countries (LMICs) including Indonesia. The national survey results from 36.8% in 2007 to 30.8% in 2018 showed small differences in under-five years old children with height-for-age-Z-score less than -2 standard deviation (HAZ < -2 SD) from the growth reference or stunted.1 Though the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey results showed an improvement in the stunting rate to 21.6% in 2022, the data revealed large regional disparities, ranging from 8% in Bali to 35.3% in East Nusa Tenggara.2
It is known that for children with stunted growth in early life, the risk of impaired health, mortality, and delayed neurocognitive and motor development is heightened. Moreover, tend to have a long-term effect of decreased performance in education, lower productivity and socioeconomics, and a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.1,3
Stunting has many associated factors, including socioeconomic inequality, geographic differences, maternal factors, such as education, age, nutrition status, and infection; short birth intervals, low birth weight, and preterm birth, food insecurity, practices of feeding, nutrient deficiencies, such as protein, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins, childhood morbidity, and environmental. Low birth weight and length, unimproved sanitation, and low protein intake are the leading risk factors in developing countries, especially in the horticulture area.4,5
External validation test of body height estimation on outpatient radiotherapy clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital
Authors: Lestari Wiji , Witjaksono Fiastuti , Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam  , Wardhani Wahyu Ika , Krisadelfa Sutanto  
Published: February 2023

Background : Stature is required to calculate body mass index and determine the energy needs of patients in nutritional medical therapy. Difficulty was found to obtain stature data in patients who are unable to stand. Therefore, there are some height estimation formula to predict the actual height using knee height. This study aimed to validate the Chumlea formula on outpatient clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia.
Methods : This cross-sectional study used 90 respondents selected by consecutive sampling. Actual height, knee height, age and gender data were collected. Estimated height using the three of Chumlea formula. Pearson correlation was used to see the correlation between actual height and estimated height. Paired t-test were used to determine the difference significance.
Results : The average age of the subjects was 45±10 years old with actual height 157±10 cm, and knee height 48.8±3.5 cm. A strong positive correlation was found between actual height with all estimated height on male (p=0.000; r > 0.8) and female subjects (p=0.000; r > 0.6). However, comparison between actual height and estimated height showed no significant differences only in Chumlea L1 formula (p=0.087) and Chumlea L3 formula (p=0.824) on the male subjects.
Conclusions : Chumlea L1 and Chumlea L3 formula was a valid fomulation for calculating the estimated body height in adult male patients. There was no valid Chumlea’s formulation to estimate body height in female patients.
Frontline Maintenance Re-Strategy: Perspective of Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Alfarisi Haidar Husein , W M Yaakub W M Nadzmi , Zukhri Syifaa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective August 2021, Malaysia Assets Reset has launched Clustered Maintenance Planning and Execution (CMPE) department towards value focused asset management. To align with the department aspiration to continually generating optimum cashflow as well as staff upskilling, this study focuses on one of CMPE key result areas, with its main objective is to steer frontline maintenance work practice to value-generation perspective.Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) process is used in this study to analyze which maintenance tasks to proceed and which to forgo. It is performed by comparing the cost of frontline maintenance versus outsourcing for a maintenance task over a period of time. Elements taking into consideration for the cost calculation are materials, special tools, additional cost required to ensure internal resources competent to perform the job, outsourcing contract rate (on annual basis), and logistics associated costs.Currently, CBA assessment has been performed by CMPE on 15 potential maintenance tasks which was previously executed via outsourcing. Based on the cost saving/cost incurred derived from Frontline Maintenance versus outsourcing, 14 of the tasks are classified as cost-effective. Taking into consideration of clustered planning and scheduling, each planner are required to further assess on the perspective of manpower availability and re-strategize on manpower arrangement to execute the maintenance task via frontline maintenance. This CBA assessment not only resulted to an increase of 29% total planned frontline maintenance activities in 2022 versus pool of activities performed in 2021 but also contributed to additional technical skill sets to perform value-added maintenance tasks.The assessment via CBA has added value-generation perspective in identifying cost-effective and feasibility of the activities selected. By performing this study, it has supported towards achieving the company End State Aspiration.
A New Method to Calculate Loading Liquid Water of Gas Wells in Qinghai Oilfield
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Du Jing , Chen Jun , Cao Guangqiang , Li Nan , Zhu Jianjun , Jia Min , Yang Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSebei Gas Field is located in the Qaidam Basin, China, and is an unconsolidated sandstone gas reservoir with edge and bottom water layers. This special characteristics is a great challenge for gas production. As liquid column in the wellbore with a height of 1000 meters will bring 100 times of atmospheric pressure to the bottom of the well. Once the pressure of water in the wellbore is higher than the bottom hole flow pressure, the gas well will face the risk of shutdown. Actually most of the wells in Sebei, which have produced for several years, are producing water and taking drainage measures to assist gas producing. However, the exact moment of liquid loading is hard to determine, therefore the following drainage measures, also known as deliquifications, are difficult to design and optimize. Accurately and timely judging the degree and the height of liquid loading in the wellbore is one of the prerequisites for rational deliquification design. In this paper, Dr. Cao's liquid loading calculating model is applied to compute liquid loading in Sebei gas wells. The model is verified to be strong while the water production is relatively low but bring more errors for high water production. To solve the problem, a machine learning method is used to optimized and modified Cao’s model by adding a dynamic correction coefficient.
New Innovative Approach to the Upgrade of Ageing Existing Offshore WellHead Platforms
Authors: Jandali Morhaf W. , Hajri Khamis M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper details a slip-over design concept and challenges for the replacement of existing ageing offshore Well-Head (WH) fixed platforms for relatively shallow and deep-water fields applications. A cost-effective slip-over design concept for replacement of existing platforms and the utilization of existing wells with cost effective reduction and increased oil production has been developed. The design has been implemented repeatedly in relatively shallow water offshore fields that requires minimum offshore execution work schedule with minimum installation risk, optimized shutdown duration and minimum loss of oil production. Further enhancement of the design ensured any future plan for installation of a slipover platform in a relatively deeper water would overcome the requirement for a much bigger derrick vessel hook-height capacity mobilization. The new developed slipover structure design, which is based on Company's standardized, simplified and SIMOPS (simultaneous operations capable) (SSS) multi-bay four (4) legged jacket, is compliant with all the latest Company and applicable international standards, which involves the demolishing of existing structure together with the leg-through piles to a depth of between 1.5-2.0m below seabed and transported to reclamation site, while existing well conductors remain and are secured in place. A new slipover platform is installed over existing conductors with additional well slots design utilizing the same existing platform seabed location for increased production. A minimum shutdown requirement for installation, additional production potential and reduced CAPEX and OPEX are achieved. This design concept is also extended to a relatively deep-water fields application by either, the mobilization of a higher installation derrick vessel hook-height lift elevation for utilization over existing free-standing wells or the use of a two-piece stacked jacket design.
Expanding the Envelopes of Openhole Gravel Packing in Sabah Deepwater Malaysia
Authors: Nopsiri Noppanan , Samuel Elvy , Chan Fong Lee , Kalalo Alxner , Moses Nicholas , Jayadi Agus , Yi Ding 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAmongst the challenges encountered during infill drilling and completion is the requirement to penetrate depleted zones drained during the early phases of the field development. This condition is exacerbated for completions requiring openhole gravel pack as the maximum openhole lengths are traditionally limited by the effective circulating density experienced during the openhole drilling and gravel packing. This paper discusses the techniques implemented in four openhole gravel pack completions with openhole lengths up to 858m marking a new record for the longest openhole completed by PTTEP in this field. The wells were deployed by PTTEP in the Malaysian Deepwater Block K, during the field development of Siakap North Petai Phase 2, executed between Q4 2021 and Q1 2022.
Identification of Downhole Emulsion in a Light Oil Development and Demulsifier Injection for Increasing Production
Authors: Vu Huu Huy , Rangponsumrit Manisa , Hoang Ngoc Dong , Nguyen Duy Hung , Tran Hai Nam , Phi Ngoc Nguyen , Roche Tony , Dang Viet Long , Tran Minh Dung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTGT field is located offshore Vietnam, at a water depth of 45m and approximately 100km Southeast of Vung Tau. The field started production in 2011 and is currently producing about 13k bopd. The produced crude is 38-40 deg. API with viscosity of 0.45 cP at reservoir conditions and classified as light oil.The field consists of three wellhead platforms with nearly 40 production wells, all being gas lifted. Emulsion, which is rarely encountered in downhole environment and not reported in the surrounding oil fields, was diagnosed to be present in production tubing of TGT wells by two indications: measured bottom-hole flowing pressure (BHFP) remarkably higher than calculated value, and emulsion observed on surface well fluid samples.Upon completion of the laboratory testing for chemical selection, in early 2020 a field trial was carried out by injecting demulsifier into the production tubing of selected wells via the chemical injection line or together with lift gas. A successful field trial resulted in a clear reduction of BHFP of the wells along with a production increase by approximately 13% from 8 tested wells. Due to the low-cost of the application and major economic gain compared to other IOR methods, long-term downhole demulsifier injection has been applied in additional wells for increasing the field production.Unlike for heavy oil developments, there is a lack of publications on downhole emulsion and demulsification for light oil fields. This paper describes a case study for application in a light oil field, covering identification of the wells having an emulsion issue in the production tubing, laboratory testing for selecting demulsifier, challenges in chemical deployment and the field trial results.
Anti-Agglomerants: Study of Hydrate Structural, Gas Composition, Hydrate Amount, and Water Cut Effect
Authors: Aminnaji Morteza , Hase Alfred , Crombie Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) and anti-agglomerants (AAs) – known as low dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) – have been used widely for gas hydrate prevention in oil and gas operations. They offer significant advantages over thermodynamic inhibitors (e.g., methanol and glycols). While significant works have been done on KHIs evaluation, AAs suffer from their evaluation in terms of hydrate structural effect, gas composition, water cut, and hydrate amount, which are the main objectives of this work.A Shut-in-Restart procedure was carried out to experimentally evaluate (using a visual rocking cell) various commercial AAs in different gas compositions (from a simple methane system to multicomponent natural gas systems). The kinetics of hydrate growth rate and the amount of hydrate formation in the presence of AAs were also analysed using the recorded pressure-temperature data. The amount of hydrate formation (WCH: percentage of water converted to hydrate) was also calculated by pressure drop and establishing the pressure-temperature hydrate flash.The experimental results from the step heating equilibrium point measurement suggest the formation of multiple hydrate structures or phases in order of thermodynamic stability rather than the formation of simple structure II hydrate in the multicomponent natural gas system. The initial findings of experimental studies show that the performance of AAs is not identical for different gas compositions. This is potentially due to the hydrate structural effect on AAs performance. For example, while a commercially available AA (as tested here) could not prevent hydrate agglomeration/blockage in the methane system (plugging occurred after 2% hydrate formed in the system), it showed a much better performance in the natural gas systems. In addition, while hydrate plugging was not observed in the visual rocking cell in the rich natural gas system with AA (at a high subcooling temperature of ∼15°C), some hydrate agglomeration and hydrate plugging were observed for the lean natural gas system at the same subcooling temperature. It is speculated that methane hydrate structure I is potentially the main reason for hydrate plugging and failure of AAs. Finally, the results indicate that water cut%, gas composition, and AAs concentration have a significant effect on hydrate growth rate and hydrate plugging.In addition to increasing confidence in AAs field use, findings potentially have novel applications with respect to hydrate structural effect on plugging and hydrate plug calculation. A robust pressure-temperature hydrate flash calculation is required to calculate the percent of water converted to hydrate during hydrate growth in the presence of AAs.
Application of New Technologies and Best Operational Practices to Accelerate the Learning Curve in Wells Drilled in the Ayatsil Field, Mexico
Authors: Merchan Nájera Andrés Isaac , Urribarri Romero Orlando José , Jimenez Rangel Hector Hugo , Gonzalez Mendoza Luis Daniel , Ramírez Fuentes Erik Alberto , Rodriguez Efrain Jose , Zarate Vergara Marco Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToday drilling wells is one of the biggest capital expenditures and is employed starting from exploration, delineation, initial wells for production, and fresh production incorporation when existing wells production have declined. The estimated cost for drilling new wells in Ayatsil field is around 20 to 25 MM $, which requires a high level of decision to achieve production goals without exceeding the budget assigned to the Ayatsil field. Therefore, to make the right decision requires an integration of multidisciplinary group of specialists (geologists, geomechanics, reservoir engineers, production engineers and drilling engineers) from well design to execution phases.This paper will illustrate the methodology and process applied by the operator to optimize the drilling stages and accelerate field production, as a result the operator developed the operational excellence project, that consist of five phases and being executed by a multidisciplinary project team.The drilling team has been successful in reducing the depth versus days curves from an average of 130 days in 2017 to an average of less than 58 days in 2022. The best performance achieved till now in terms of total meterage is 4,200 meters drilled in 51 days from the surface. The continuous improvement of the Ayatsil project has resulted in world class drilling performance.The success factors include standardized well design, performance improvement processes that was made possible by the multidisciplinary well decision team like, flat times efficiency. In addition, the outcome of this approach has resulted that 30 to 33 million dollars have been saved from the original budget in reduction of well costs and impulse the productivity of Ayatsil field.
Effective Utilisation of Underbalanced Perforation with Electrical Submersible Pump's Boost Oil Production of Mature Oil Field in Western Desert of Egypt: Case Study
Authors: Sayed Mohamed , Sabaa Ahmed , Samir Ahmed , Mokhtar Mohamed , Medhat Ahmed , El-Wakil Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConventionally, the transition from completion to production often requires the well to be killed immediately after perforation is completed, thus exposing the formation to potentially damaging killing fluid. To obtain a perforation tunnel with maximum productivity, this transition requires an optimal clean-up and removal of the perforation damages.Underbalance perforation through Tubing Conveyed Perforating (TCP) system is one of the best practices to ensure less damage to the perforation tunnels (perforating skin) leading to increased well productivity. However, it is very challenging in cases of completions with Electrical Submersible Pump's (ESP) to maintain productivity with undamaged reservoir by preventing any contact between reservoir and completion fluid and achieve the above simultaneously with safe well control during ESP deployment. Otherwise, the alternative solution is to run TCP string in single run then kill the well after perforation in order to install the ESP completion.As a result of the increasing emphasis on reducing operating costs, maximizing well productivity, and minimizing wellbore clean-up time, an integrated solution was designed and successfully implemented for perforating artificially lifted wells in static underbalanced condition and installing ESP completion in single run without killing the well. It combines the use of TCP system equipped with automatic release gun hanger. TCP gun string has been set by Electric Line against the required intervals, then the ESP has been separately installed and the guns has been activated through an electronic firing head for a shoot-and-drop operation. The static underbalance condition has been created by the ESP thanks to the programmed delayed firing time. After this operation, the well has been directly lined up to production flowline with minimal wellbore clean-up time. The combination of static underbalanced perforation with deep penetration charges which is able to bypass invasion zone, can create a clean perforation tunnel, and significantly reduce the post-perforating damage by killing fluid, and finally maximize the well productivity. Despite the challenging reservoir conditions (Depth= 16,500 FT, Pressure=6250 Psi, Temperature= 285 deg. F, Porosity = 8%), the Productivity Index (PI) of the wells were three times compared to the offset wells.Five jobs have been performed by Agiba Petroleum Company, one of the main operators in Western Desert of Egypt, employing this combined TCP-ESP technique which has resulted in significant savings in rig time and increased operating efficiency. This paper summarizes the practical experiences gained during the development and deployment of this integrated technique, in addition to an evaluation of the impact compared to the conventional perforation techniques through ESP downhole sensor data and well modelling.
Intelligent Risk Based Cybersecurity Protection for Industrial Systems Control - A Feasibility Study
Authors: Houmb Siv Hilde , Iversen Fionn , Ewald Robert , Færaas Einar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntelligent automated industrial process control requires a higher level of systems integration and connectedness than what has traditionally been the case. With such development comes increased risk of cyber-attack for Operational Technology (OT) systems such as Industrial Control Systems (ICS). For ICS, cyber-attacks can have significant consequences also in the physical world, with potentially catastrophic consequences, as experienced in the Colonial Pipeline and the Ukraine Power Grid attacks. Physical risk to the work environment, the product, and surroundings should therefore be accounted for in cybersecurity solutions for ICS.For this purpose, models and methods are required that consider the function of the whole Cyber-Physical System (CPS) not just the ICS, with the capability of detecting and correlating observations across the layers of system control, including the physical process being controlled. To achieve this, a context-based detection approach that can model the CPS and combine this with a process-aware risk analysis for attack response is proposed. The approach also needs to be adaptable (intelligent) to account for the process dynamics and the evolving cyber-attack threats. For this purpose, diagnostic models adapted to the industrial process should be applied together with situational awareness monitoring and cyber-attack detection tools, such as ICS Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). The capability of the ICS IDS therefore needs to be extended to cover both Information Technology (IT) and OT parts of the ICS and include an understanding of the physical system and process as a knowledge basis, fed by process sensor and instrumentation data. These diagnostic models must cover the whole CPS in the risk analysis to provide aid in the attack response decision making. To achieve this, the models need to combine the physical characteristics of the process with the characteristics of the other system layers.Based on studies in a drilling control system environment, results indicate that existing tools can be used to detect and discern between different types of cyber-attack on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). This indicates feasibility with respect to monitoring of the OT and IT part of the system for building risk-based cybersecurity solutions. The challenge and novel part are to extend IT and OT systems cyber detection with automated evaluation of the resulting process risk taking physical process information into account, to make response decisions not only based on potential digital consequences but also consequences for the process and physical world.