bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the validity of the Bosanquet equation for predicting the self-diffusivities of fluids inside nanotubes using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chen Qu , Zhou Jianping 
Published: February 2023

The self-diffusion of fluids in nanotubes generally consists of both molecule–molecule and molecule–wall interactions, which can be quantitatively described by the Knudsen mechanism and the molecular mechanism, respectively. Combining these two effects, the Bosanquet equation is generally used to predict the self-diffusivities of molecules in one-dimensional nanopores. In this work, equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the validity of the equation in predicting the self-diffusivities of fluids inside carbon, boron nitride, and silicon carbide nanotubes with diameters from ∼1.0 to 4.3 nm. Our results indicate that although the Bosanquet equation can predict the self-diffusivities of H2, Ar, CH4, CO2, C2H6, and C3H8 in carbon nanotubes in the same order of magnitude, the accuracy of these predictions is generally rather poor. At high and moderate loadings, the large deviation mainly results from the limited accuracy of the simplistic free path model, which tends to neglect the intermolecular forces of fluid molecules. However, at low loadings, the failure of the Bosanquet equation can be traced to the failure of the Knudsen model, which largely underestimates the diffusivity in nanotubes due to the smoothness of the tube wall. Furthermore, the Bosanquet equation fails to predict the self-diffusivities of H2O in confinement since the presence of hydrogen bonding violates the mean free path theory. It is suggested that further modification of this extrapolation should take into account the intermolecular forces of fluid molecules as well as the smoothness of the tube wall.
Measurement of magnetic properties of grain-oriented electrical steel under bending stress in a wide frequency range
Authors: Chen Long , Yan Dongyang , Ben Tong , Jing Libing , Liu Qian 
Published: February 2023

To clarify the mechanism of the magnetic properties deterioration and the increasing loss of the Grain-Oriented (GO) electrical steel wound cores under serving conditions, the effect of the bending stress in a wide frequency range should be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, a magnetic properties measuring system for GO electrical steel under different bending stress from 50 Hz to 1000 Hz is proposed. To ensure the accuracy and reproductivity of the measurements, the waveform of magnetic flux densities should be controlled to be sinusoidal. However, the bending stress aggravates the material’s nonlinear properties, making waveform control very difficult. To solve this problem, a frequency-domain adaptive dual-loop feedback control algorithm is developed. Obtained results show that the proposed method has a good effect on waveform control under bending stress, and the loss of the material under different magnetizing conditions is then analyzed.
Effect of Ni content and crystallographic orientation on mechanical properties of single-crystal (CoCr)100-x
Ni
x
medium-entropy alloy
Authors: Zhang Can , Shi Mingxing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nanoindentation analyses of (CoCr)100-x
Ni
x
medium-entropy alloys with different Ni contents and crystal orientations were carried out by molecular dynamics simulations. Analyses show that the force-displacement curves during elastic deformation are in good accordance with the Hertz contact theory and the elastic modulus is closely related to the Ni contents and crystal orientations. The elastic-plastic transition point appears later in (CoCr)67Ni33 than in other alloys. The plastic deformation was studied by exploring the instantaneous microstructure, which was found to be dominated by homogeneous nucleation of Shockley partial dislocations and the accumulation of stacking faults, and different levels of dislocation density were produced in the alloys with different Ni contents and crystal orientations. By analyzing the evolution of dislocation density and hardness, a linear relationship between the square root of dislocation density and hardness can be revealed, which agrees well with the classical Taylor hardening model, and the empirical constant is found closely related to crystal orientations.
Multilayer α′-4H-Borophene Growth on Gallium Arsenide towards High-Performance Near-Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Liang Xinchao , Hou Chuang , Wu Zenghui , Wu Zitong , Tai Guoan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Multilayer borophene was predicted to have a similar semiconductor property to its monolayer arise from the weak van der Waals interactions between the layers. Besides, multilayer borophene has a higher carrier mobility than monolayer ones, so it is placed great hopes in applications of photoelectric and photovoltaic devices. However, its preparation and application in experiments of multilayer borophene are still lacking. Here, multilayer α′-4H-borophene was synthesized on semiconducting n-type GaAs substrates using NaBH4 source as precursor and hydrogen as the carrier gas under controlled temperature and pressure conditions. The experimental results of the borophene are in good agreement with those of its theoretical prediction. The borophene is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.48 eV. To demonstrate the device application potential of the borophene, a near-infrared photodetector composed of p-type borophene and n-type GaAs was fabricated. The photodetector shows a high photoresponsivity of 0.31 mA•W-1, a high specific detectivity of 108 Jones, and a fast response or recovery speed of 117 or 109 ms under the irradiation with the wavelength of 940 nm at zero bias. The results prove that the α′-4H-borophene/GaAs photodetector can show high sensitivity and zero consumption, which is of great value in meeting the appeal of sustainable development of society.
Evaluation of auto-segmentation for brachytherapy of postoperative cervical cancer using deep learning-based workflow
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Chen Yuanyuan , Tu Yeqiang , Xie Hongling , Chen Yukai , Luo Lumeng , Zhou Pengfei , Tang Qiu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of brachytherapy (BT) planning structures derived from Deep learning (DL) based auto-segmentation compared with standard manual delineation for postoperative cervical cancer. Approach. We introduced a convolutional neural networks (CNN) which was developed and presented for auto-segmentation in cervical cancer radiotherapy. The dataset of 60 patients received BT of postoperative cervical cancer was used to train and test this model for delineation of high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and organs at risk (OARs). Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Hausdorff distance (95%HD), Jaccard coefficient (JC) and dose-volume index (DVI) were used to evaluate the accuracy. The correlation between geometric metrics and dosimetric difference was performed by Spearman’s correlation analysis. The radiation oncologists scored the auto-segmented contours by rating the lever of satisfaction (no edits, minor edits, major edits). Main results. The mean DSC values of DL based model were 0.87, 0.94, 0.86, 0.79 and 0.92 for HRCTV, bladder, rectum, sigmoid and small intestine, respectively. The Bland-Altman test obtained dose agreement for HRCTV_D90%, HRCTV_Dmean, bladder_D2cc, sigmoid_D2cc and small intestine_D2cc. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test indicated significant dosimetric differences in bladder_D0.1cc, rectum_D0.1cc and rectum_D2cc (P < 0.05). A strong correlation between HRCTV_D90% with its DSC (R = −0.842, P = 0.002) and JC (R = −0.818, P = 0.004) were found in Spearman’s correlation analysis. From the physician review, 80% of HRCTVs and 72.5% of OARs in the test dataset were shown satisfaction (no edits). Significance. The proposed DL based model achieved a satisfied agreement between the auto-segmented and manually defined contours of HRCTV and OARs, although the clinical acceptance of small volume dose of OARs around the target was a concern. DL based auto-segmentation was an essential component in cervical cancer workflow which would generate the accurate contouring.
The improvement of endurance characteristics in a superlattice-like material-based phase change device
Authors: Zheng Long , Wu Xiaoqing , Xue Jianzhong , Zhu Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Improvement of endurance characteristics has been a hot area of phase-change memoryresearch. The properties of a phase-change material are believed to play an important role in device endurance. Repeated SET–RESET operation always leads to material failure problems, such as composition deviation and phase separation. Moreover, the quality of the electrode and the electrode contact also determine the endurance characteristics. In this study, C nanolayers were periodically inserted into the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) to fabricate a superlattice-like (SLL) structure. Although some of C bonded with some of the Ge, Sb and Te atoms, more C atoms prefer nanometer-scale clusters at the grain boundary in the SLL film. The typical local configuration of GST was unchanged when artificial C nanolayers were inserted. Transmission electron microscopy experiments revealed that the bonded C atoms and nanometer-scale C clusters may occupy the spontaneously created holes and defects, preventing composition deviation of the phase-change material and prolonging the electrode service life. The contact surface between the phase-change material and the electrode is also improved. As a result, we found that the endurance cycle could be improved by up to 106 for a GST/C SLL film-based device.
Higher-order sideband based on transparent windows in a two-cavity optomechanical system
Authors: Bao Ximin , Liu Linyang , Dai Ling , Kong Cui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a scheme to realize the regulation of single and double transparent windows in a two-cavity optomechanical device. By studying the output field through the two-cavity device, we not only show the transmission spectrum of the probe field and the second-order sideband process, but also analyze the physical mechanism of the induced transparency window and the efficiency of the second-order sideband process. Moreover, the optomechanically induced transparency window and the coupling of two cavities resulting in transparency window are discussed. We find that the transparency windows and the second-order sideband process can be modulated by the power of the control field and the coupling strength between two cavities. Our device is feasible for controlling light propagation, which might have potential application in quantum optical devices and quantum information networks.
Exploring ferroelectric properties of sol-gel lead zirconate titanate nano-crystalline thin films and ceramics by doping ytterbium for energy-storage application
Authors: Ibrahim F A , El-Desoky M M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work concerns how ytterbium affects the ferroelectric characteristics of sol-gel Yb doped lead zirconate (PYZ) and lead zirconate titanate (PYZT) thin films and ceramics. Lead zirconate Pb(0.9) )-Yb0.01 Zr (0.09 (PYZ) and lead zirconate titanate Pb0.9-Yb0.01-Zr0.045-Ti0.045 (PYZT) doping with ytterbium thin films were prepared on a glass substrate using a sol-gel doctor blade coating technique at low temperature. The structure of the synthesized thin films and ceramic nanocrystals was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction (ED). PYZ and PYZT ceramics had 11.8 nm and 30.65 nm respectively, whereas PYZ and PYZT thin films featured nanocrystals that were, respectively, 17.5 nm and 13.87 nm in size. Particle size was determined to be entirely consistent across the TEM and XRD data. Dielectric investigations showed that the dielectric constant was dropping for ceramic samples as compared to thin film samples. According to hysteresis loop estimates, the energy-storage density and efficiency for thin films and ceramics were average approximately 39.35 J cm−3 and 66.02 percent for (PYZ) and 71.33 J cm−3 and 70.91 percent for (PYZT), respectively. The results showed that the ferroelectric, dielectric, and structural properties of materials affected the ytterbium content. (PYZ) and (PYZT) thin films and ceramics may have a prospective use in energy storage devices.
Characterization of unidirectional and bidirectional transparencies in

PT

-symmetric quantum and classical systems
Authors: Lazo Edmundo , Humire Fernando R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We studied the scattering state behavior of tight-binding quantum system and classical electrical transmission lines. We distributed on-site energies ϵ

n
and resistances R

n
, respectively, according to a parity-time




-symmetric distribution. Using the formalism of scattering matrix S and transfer matrix M, we derived analytical expressions for components of transfer matrix M, and through them, we found transmission coefficient T and left (R

L
) and right (R

R
) reflectance. In addition, we found a generalized conservation relation that relates T, R

L
and R

R
, valid for quantum and classical




-symmetric systems. We numerically studied the general behavior of T, R

L
, R

R
and eigenvalues s
± of scattering matrix S in the full range of possible values of the gain and loss parameters. We observed the existence of unidirectional and bidirectional transparency for specific energies E (quantum case) and specific frequencies Ω (transmission line case), for which the following conditions were simultaneously fulfilled: i) T was unitary (T = 1), ii) eigenvalues s
± were degenerate and unimodular

s

±

=
1

, iii) the product of reflectances tended to zero,

R

L

R

R

→
0

, and iv) phases ϕ of one or both reflection amplitudes

ϕ

r

L

,

ϕ

r

R

showed abrupt change of π. This way, we characterized the unidirectional and bidirectional transparency for classical and quantum systems as a function of the gain and loss parameters that describe both models. In addition, the theoretical results showed complete agreement with the numerical calculation. We hope that our work contributes to a better understanding of the influence of the




-symmetric distribution of gain and loss parameters on the scattering properties of quantum and classical systems.
Research on fast forward kinematics of an offset-type flexible micro-motion Delta parallel mechanism
Authors: Li Xiang , Song Zhicheng , Zhang You , Wang Linkang , Yang Xiaolong , Wu Hongtao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a fast numerical iterative algorithm is proposed based on the Pseudo-Rigid-Body-Model and geometric method to deal with the problem of the offset-type flexible Delta mechanism forward kinematics with multiple solutions and without analytical solutions. In forward kinematics, the quartic kinematic equations are reduced to quadratic ones by variable substitution. As the simplest nonlinear equations, quadratic equations can be represented by the coefficient matrices which is suitable for computer calculation. And due to the operational properties of the matrix, the updating and iterative process in the steps of Newton’s method can be simplified and improved to solve the forward kinematics more efficiently. The convergence and singularity of the proposed iterative algorithm are also analysed. By controlling the offset-type flexible micro-motion Delta parallel mechanism to move along three different expected spatial trace curves and measuring the displacements, the experiment results show that the Root Mean Square Error between the measured values and the expected values of linear positioning is 0.9177 μm for 37.4166 μm. Moreover, it is proved by numerical examples that the proposed iterative algorithm takes only 0.53 ms on average to solve the forward kinematic problems. The calculation time is reduced by 90.3% on average compared to the traditional Newton’s method, which provides a feasible solution for real-time control based on forward kinematics.
Dipolar effects on the work function of an alkali-iodide overlayer (XI, X = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) on tungsten surfaces
Authors: Diaz L , Albers R C , Saxena A , Sanati M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A first-principles approach was used to investigate the effects of alkali metal iodide XI (X = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) adsorption on the work functions of (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of W. For the most energetically stable structures, work functions and their corresponding electric dipole moment vectors were calculated. In agreement with available experimental measurements, it was verified that the formation of XI dipoles on the W surface causes the work function to decrease significantly. It was shown that the calculated XI dipoles are tilted with respect to the W surface for all systems. This contradicts earlier published suggestions that the surface electrostatic energy of the dipoles prevented them from being aligned along the surface and were instead normal to the surface. In our work it is shown that the orientations (tilt) and strengths of the dipole moments can be explained in terms of the internal strain caused by the alkali metal’s different atomic sizes and available surface area. What matters for the decrease in the work function is the component of the dipolar moment perpendicular to the surface. For all systems, the work function reduction was shown to be directly proportional to the normal component of the electric field created by these XI dipoles.
Study on vanadium dioxide based terahertz metamaterials with switchable functions from five-band absorption to triple-band plasmon-induced transparency
Authors: Lin Hongyan , Zou Yuke , Wu Yangkuan , Xiahou Xiuwen , Zhu Huaxin , Zhang Xiangyang , Wang Ben-Xin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A bifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial utilizing vanadium dioxide (VO2) able to dynamically convert from multiband absorption to multiband plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is designed, which is consisted of four different-sized metallic split rings placed on a dielectric slab backed by a continuous VO2 film. Based on unique insulator-metal phase transition properties of VO2, the present functions of designed structural could be realized by changing the temperature of VO2. When the VO2 is in the conducting phase, it possesses five discrete absorption peaks with the frequencies of 1.30 THz, 1.48 Hz, 2.07 THz, 2.46 THz and 2.72 THz with average absorbance greater than 98.0%. When the VO2 is in the insulating phase, it exhibits three obvious PIT peaks, the transmittances of them are 79.5%, 95.3% and 99.7% at the frequencies of 1.57 THz, 1.75 THz and 2.09 THz, respectively. Effects of geometric parameters on absorption and transparency are investigated. Results revealed that the dimension changes of surface patterned arrays show an important role in controlling resonance responses of absorption and transparency behavior. The switchable VO2-based metamaterial could have great potential applications in the fields of smart absorption, terahertz optical switches, filters, and slow-light devices.
Deducing neutron star equation of state parameters directly from telescope spectra with uncertainty-aware machine learning
Authors: Farrell Delaney , Baldi Pierre , Ott Jordan , Ghosh Aishik , Steiner Andrew W. , Kavitkar Atharva , Lindblom Lee , Whiteson Daniel , Weber Fridolin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Neutron stars provide a unique laboratory for studying matter at extreme pressures and densities. While there is no direct way to explore their interior structure, X-rays emitted from these stars can indirectly provide clues to the equation of state (EOS) of the superdense nuclear matter through the inference of the star's mass and radius. However, inference of EOS directly from a star's X-ray spectra is extremely challenging and is complicated by systematic uncertainties. The current state of the art is to use simulation-based likelihoods in a piece-wise method which relies on certain theoretical assumptions and simplifications about the uncertainties. It first infers the star's mass and radius to reduce the dimensionality of the problem, and from those quantities infer the EOS. We demonstrate a series of enhancements to the state of the art, in terms of realistic uncertainty quantification and a path towards circumventing the need for theoretical assumptions to infer physical properties with machine learning. We also demonstrate novel inference of the EOS directly from the high-dimensional spectra of observed stars, avoiding the intermediate mass-radius step. Our network is conditioned on the sources of uncertainty of each star, allowing for natural and complete propagation of uncertainties to the EOS.
Modeling strangeness enhancements to resolve the muon excess in cosmic ray extensive air shower data
Authors: Manshanden Julien , Sigl Günter , Garzelli Maria V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Experimental observations of extensive air showers have revealed an excess of the muon
content with respect to their theoretical simulations, which we refer to as the muon puzzle. This
muon puzzle hampers a precise determination of the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray mass
composition. We investigate the potential of producing states of dense quark-gluon matter (which
we call fireballs) to resolve the muon puzzle as quantified with data from the Pierre Auger
Observatory on the depth of the shower maximum and the number of muons at ground. Adopting a
phenomenological fireball model, we find that the inelasticity enhancement associated with the
formation of a plasma state is in tension with data on the electromagnetic longitudinal shower
development. Instead, we restrict the fireball model to only enhance the strangeness produced in
Standard Model hadronic interactions, and dub this model the strangeball model. With
an analytic approach based on the Heitler-Matthews model we then find explicit sets of
strangeball parameters that resolve the muon puzzle. Constraints from data on
shower-to-shower fluctuations of the muon number require strangeness enhancements already at
energies accessible to current-generation collider experiments. At Tevatron and LHC energies we
estimate 40% of the interactions to produce strangeballs, corresponding to a 5–9%
increase of the average fraction of energy retained in the hadronic cascade compared
to predictions from current hadronic interaction models. A comparison with relevant measurements
of the LHCf and LHCb detectors does not directly exclude this scenario, though the
obtained tension with LHCb suggests a stringent test at 14 TeV.
The Beaming Effect for Fermi-LAT-detected FR-I Radio Galaxies
Authors: Ye Xu-Hong , Zeng Xiang-Tao , Huang Dan-Yi , Zhang Zhuang , Pei Zhi-Yuan , Fan Jun-Hui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Our knowledge of Giga-electron volt (GeV) radio galaxies has been revolutionized by the Fermi-LAT Telescope, which provides an excellent opportunity to study the physical properties of GeV radio galaxies. According to the radio power and morphology, radio galaxies can be separated into Fanaroff–Riley Type I radio galaxies (FR-Is) and Type II radio galaxies (FR-IIs). In this paper, we consider the unification of FR-Is and BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), and assume FR-Is to be a standard candle to discuss the beaming effect for Fermi-LAT-detected FR-Is. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) The estimated Doppler factors for 30 Fermi-LAT-detected FR-Is are in a range of δ
I = 0.88 − 7.49. The average Doppler factor (〈δ
I〉 = 2.56 ± 0.30) of the 30 FR-Is is smaller than that (〈δ
BL〉 = 10.28 ± 2.03) of the 126 Fermi-LAT-detected BL Lacs, supporting the unification model that FR-Is are regarded as the misaligned BL Lacs with smaller Doppler factors; (2) We propose that different regions of FR-Is in the plot of the γ-ray luminosity against the photon spectral index

(
log

L

γ

–

α

ph

)

may indicate the different beaming effects; (3) The average Doppler factor of the 6 TeV FR-Is is similar to that of the 24 non-TeV FR-Is, which implies that the difference between the TeV and GeV emissions is not driven by the beaming effect in the Fermi-LAT-detected FR-I samples.