bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine scale 20‐year timeseries of plantation forest evapotranspiration for the lower limestone coast
Authors: Doody Tanya M. , Benyon Richard G. , Gao Sicong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCommercial plantation forestry is a vital industry worldwide, providing natural resources for humans and playing an important role in carbon sequestration. Historically, impacts of plantation development to natural resources such as surface and groundwater was not considered, however demand for water and drying climates has focussed attention on sustainable water use and extraction. The Lower Limestone Coast region of south‐east South Australia has an extensive softwood plantation estate. The region is characterised by minimal surface water and substantial, fresh karstic groundwater resources, often <6 m below ground. Rapid expansion over shallow groundwater of the plantation hardwood estate from 2000, prompted concern about impacts of deep‐rooted plantations on water resources and notably contracting wetlands. To quantify plantation estate water use, an extensive evapotranspiration (ET) field study (1999–2008) identified plantation areas with <6 m to groundwater as groundwater users, leading to water policy whereby plantations are considered licenced water users. To enable plantation expansion in the region, fine resolution, broadscale ET data is required to ensure optimum use of water licences in the forest industry and account for plantation groundwater extraction. As continual field studies are not feasible, this 20‐year, monthly 30 m ET dataset for the region was developed to improve estimates of plantation water use, enabling improved, dynamic estimates of groundwater extraction. The dataset was developed using 21 long‐term field sites where ET was derived based on field measured transpiration, soil moisture, canopy interaction and rainfall data. Region specific field ET was combined with machine learning and additional remote sensing layers to estimate monthly ET (R2 = 0.86) across the plantation estate, improving on a national remote sensing ET product. Currently, groundwater extraction is accounted for via modelling which excludes dynamic changes in plantation groundwater extraction, limiting understanding of the hydrological processes influencing available water resources and potentially impeding economic growth.
Exploring heterosexism through participatory theater: An experiment
Authors: Emert Toby 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing Augusto Boal's Theater of the Oppressed (1985) playmaking structures, students in an undergraduate education course, Educating for Social Justice, developed forum plays—brief improvisational scenes designed to provoke discussions of power imbalances. The plays focused on “gay rights,” a topic the participants self‐selected through guided discussions about injustice. The plays were performed for an English class of tenth‐grade high school students. As a mode of investigating the efficacy of this instructional strategy to spur self‐reflexivity, data about the college students' experiences were collected during each class session and in subsequent semi‐structured group interviews. This article describes the project and the participants' reactions to the invitation to step into the role of ensemble member and play‐maker, as well as the development of their critical consciousness about the effects of cultural bias.
Evaluating the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on CPF‐induced brain injury in mice via PI3k/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Silu , Pei Hongyan , Chen Weijia , Zhu Xiaoying , Wang Yu , Li Jianming , He Zhongmei , Du Rui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have long been used extensively on agricultural land and can lead to significant improvements in crop yields. Due to occupational exposure, humans are exposed to pesticides through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. The effects of OPs on the organism are currently studied for their effects on livers, kidneys, hearts, blood indicators, neurotoxicity, and teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects, while studies in the direction of brain tissue damage have not been reported in detail. Previous reports have confirmed that ginsenoside Rg1 is a prominent and representative tetracyclic triterpenoid derivative rich in ginseng and has good neuroprotective activity. Considering that, the aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of brain tissue injury by using the OP‐type pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and to explore the therapeutic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of Rg1. Mice in the experimental group were pre‐protected with Rg1 by gavage for 1 week, and brain tissue damage was induced using CPF (5 mg/kg for 1 week) to assess the effect of Rg1 (80 and 160 mg/kg for 3 weeks) in alleviating brain damage. Morris water maze and histopathological analysis were performed to assess cognitive function and pathological changes in the mouse brain, respectively. Protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3, Cl‐Cas‐3, Caspase‐9, Cl‐Cas‐9, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated‐PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphorylated‐AKT were quantified by protein blotting analysis. Rg1 obviously restored CPF‐induced oxidative stress damage in mouse brain tissue, increased the levels of antioxidant parameters (total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidative capacity, and glutathione) in the brain, and significantly reduced the overexpression of apoptosis‐related proteins induced by CPF. At the same time, Rg1 also markedly attenuated the histopathological changes in the brain induced by CPF exposure. Mechanistically, Rg1 could effectively activate the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed a stronger binding capacity between Rg1 and PI3K. Rg1 attenuated neurobehavioural alterations and reduced lipid peroxidation in the mouse brain to a great extent. Apart from that, Rg1 administration improved brain histopathology in CPF‐induced rats. All results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 has potential antioxidant effects on CPF‐induced oxidative brain injury, and it is evident that Rg1 could be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for the study of brain injury from OP poisoning.
Ellagic acid mitigates rotenone‐induced damage via modulating mitochondria function in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Adedara Adeola Oluwatosin , Otenaike Titilayomi A. , Farodoye Oluwabukola M. , Abolaji Amos Olalekan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConstant, systematic exposure to rotenone has been utilized in animal models to induce Parkinsonism. Ellagic acid is a polyphenol with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties which is found in numerous natural fruits. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of ellagic acid in rotenone‐induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster evaluating their antioxidant and mitoprotective properties. Adult flies were treated with rotenone and ellagic acid through their diet for 7 days, thereafter markers of neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, tyrosine hydroxylase), antioxidant and oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl contents, catalase, total thiol, and nonprotein thiol) was measured. Mitochondrial respiration was also evaluated in the flies. Survival assay was carried out with both genders of the flies, and we observed a significant increase in the survival rate of flies exposed to both rotenone and ellagic acid when compared with the increased mortality rate in the groups exposed to rotenone alone. The impaired locomotion, altered redox status, and enzymes of neurotoxicity induced by rotenone were significantly ameliorated by ellagic acid to levels comparable to the control. In addition, rotenone‐induced complex 1 inhibition and altered bioenergetic state were restored upon ellagic acid supplementation. These findings show the beneficial properties of ellagic acid against pesticides induced toxicity.
A survey study of self‐reported comorbidities among adults with vitiligo in the United States
Authors: Ezzedine Khaled , Anastassopoulos Kathryn P. , Gandhi Kavita , Daniel Shoshana R. , Yamaguchi Yuji , Sikirica Vanja , Pandya Amit G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system targets melanocytes, manifesting in patches of lost skin pigmentation.ObjectivesTo characterize the occurrence of autoimmune/autoinflammatory and/or nonautoimmune comorbid conditions in patients with vitiligo.MethodsAdults representative of the 2017 US Census population were recruited for an online, cross‐sectional survey. Based on responses to vitiligo screening questions, participants were categorized into one of three groups: diagnosed vitiligo, undiagnosed vitiligo and no vitiligo. Participants reported clinical‐diagnosed conditions from prespecified lists of 13 autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions and 21 nonautoimmune conditions.ResultsA total of 40,888 adults participated in the online survey; 315 (0.8%) were categorized as diagnosed vitiligo, 249 (0.6%) as undiagnosed vitiligo and 40,325 (98.6%) as no vitiligo. The percentage of participants with at least one autoimmune/autoinflammatory comorbidity was 2.65 times greater in the diagnosed vitiligo group than in the no vitiligo group. Psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis had the greatest difference in the percentage of participants between the diagnosed vitiligo and no vitiligo groups. The percentage of participants with nonautoimmune comorbidities was higher in the diagnosed vitiligo group than in the no vitiligo group. Vision changes, arthritis, back pain, anxiety, depression and sudden hearing loss had the greatest difference in the percentage of participants between the diagnosed vitiligo group and the no vitiligo group.ConclusionsThis large survey found that both autoimmune/autoinflammatory and nonautoimmune conditions were more common among adults with vitiligo. The greater percentage of autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions in participants with vitiligo suggests that screening for such comorbidities may be beneficial and may indicate important opportunities for early intervention.
Microstructure and corrosion properties of CoCrCuFeMnNix high‐entropy alloys prepared by powder metallurgy
Authors: Zhao Rui‐Feng , Jiang Ai‐Yun , Ren Bo , Chen Chong , Liu Jian‐Xiu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoCrCuFeMnNix (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mol, named Ni0.5, Ni1.0, Ni1.5, and Ni2.0, respectively) high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of Ni content on its microstructure and corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. The HEAs with low Ni content consisted of FCC1 primary phase, FCC2 secondary phase, and a few σ phases. While the Ni2.0 alloy was composed of the FCC phase and a small amount of σ phase. The results of polarization corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution show that the increase of Ni content led to the increase of corrosion potential of the alloy and the decrease of corrosion current density and average corrosion rate. Among them, Ni2.0 alloy had the best corrosion resistance. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the increase in Ni content promoted the increase of the polarization resistance of the alloy RCPE and the thickness of the passive film, thus improving the corrosion resistance of the alloys.
Comparison of MR‐guided radiotherapy accumulated doses for central lung tumors with non‐adaptive and online adaptive proton therapy
Authors: Rabe Moritz , Palacios Miguel A. , van Sörnsen de Koste John R. , Eze Chukwuka , Hillbrand Martin , Belka Claus , Landry Guillaume , Senan Suresh , Kurz Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of central lung tumors with photon or proton therapy has a risk of increased toxicity. Treatment planning studies comparing accumulated doses for state‐of‐the‐art treatment techniques, such as MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) and intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), are currently lacking.PurposeWe conducted a comparison of accumulated doses for MRgRT, robustly optimized non‐adaptive IMPT, and online adaptive IMPT for central lung tumors. A special focus was set on analyzing the accumulated doses to the bronchial tree, a parameter linked to high‐grade toxicities.MethodsData of 18 early‐stage central lung tumor patients, treated at a 0.35 T MR‐linac in eight or five fractions, were analyzed. Three gated treatment scenarios were compared: (S1) online adaptive MRgRT, (S2) non‐adaptive IMPT, and (S3) online adaptive IMPT. The treatment plans were recalculated or reoptimized on the daily imaging data acquired during MRgRT, and accumulated over all treatment fractions. Accumulated dose‐volume histogram (DVH) parameters of the gross tumor volume (GTV), lung, heart, and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) within 2 cm of the planning target volume (PTV) were extracted for each scenario and compared in Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests between S1 & S2, and S1 & S3.ResultsThe accumulated GTV D98% was above the prescribed dose for all patients and scenarios. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) of the mean ipsilateral lung dose (S2: –8%; S3: –23%) and mean heart dose (S2: –79%; S3: –83%) were observed for both proton scenarios compared to S1. The bronchial tree D0.1cc was significantly lower for S3 (S1: 48.1 Gy; S3: 39.2 Gy; p = 0.005), but not significantly different for S2 (S2: 45.0 Gy; p = 0.094), compared to S1. The D0.1cc for S2 and S3 compared to S1 was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller for OARs within 1–2 cm of the PTV (S1: 30.2 Gy; S2: 24.6 Gy; S3: 23.1 Gy), but not significantly different for OARs within 1 cm of the PTV.ConclusionsA significant dose sparing potential of non‐adaptive and online adaptive proton therapy compared to MRgRT for OARs in close, but not direct proximity of central lung tumors was identified. The near‐maximum dose to the bronchial tree was not significantly different for MRgRT and non‐adaptive IMPT. Online adaptive IMPT achieved significantly lower doses to the bronchial tree compared to MRgRT.
Assessing Antipredator Behavior and the Potential to Enhance It in a Species of Conservation Concern
Authors: Kopack Christopher J. , Broder E. Dale , Fetherman Eric R. , Fitzpatrick Ryan M. , Angeloni Lisa M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Animal behavior has the potential to guide the management of populations at risk of extirpation. This includes insights into how animals respond to novel predators and whether those responses can be enhanced to improve survival. Training hatchery-reared fish to recognize predators has been proposed as a way to reduce postrelease mortalities in the wild. Identifying the presence of innate predator recognition and the capacity for learning to recognize predators in specific species or populations can inform conservation management practices. Here, antipredator behavior (time spent moving and distance from a predator) and the efficacy of predator training were assessed for three populations of a species of conservation concern, the Arkansas Darter Etheostoma cragini, which is vulnerable to predation by esocid predators like the introduced Northern Pike Esox lucius. Arkansas Darters demonstrated some innate ability to recognize and respond to a novel esocid predator and also responded to predator cues (training), although the direction of the response to cues was opposite our prediction. Populations differed in their response to the predator treatment, highlighting the value of managing populations separately. Although the fitness consequences of exposure to predator cues remain to be tested in Arkansas Darters, our results suggest that antipredator behavior is innate and that exposure to predator cues does affect behavior; however, whether or how those behavioral changes affect survival is unclear. This study demonstrates the importance of testing enrichment practices and incorporating behavioral observations into conservation programs to guide population-specific management decisions.
Nonadult vertebral maturation in Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Patagonia (Salitroso Lake, Argentina)
Authors: Morlesin Milena C. , Guichón Fernández Rocío , García Guraieb Solana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBioarchaeological research of bone growth patterns provides information on the health status and disease of past populations. Recent studies have pointed out the potential of metric analysis of nonadult vertebrae as indicators of stress during different stages of ontogeny, highlighting that most vertebral measurements present low sexual dimorphism, a stable and known pattern of growth and give useful information even in incomplete spines. The aims of this paper are first, to construct a vertebral growth profile for nonadults of a skeletal series of Patagonian Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Salitroso Lake (SAC); second, to compare it to the ones obtained in other archaeological and modern populations with different stress experiences; and third, building on this, to assess whether individuals with evidence of stress experienced in early development demonstrate different patterns in vertebral growth than those without. Two spinal dimensions are used: vertebral body height (VBH) and transverse diameter of the neural canal (TDNC) in a sample of 23 nonadult skeletons with ages previously estimated from dental and bone indicators. The vertebral dimensions of 20 adults between 18 and 35 years of age were also measured as reference information. Results show that the growth of the VBH is steady over the years and reaches adulthood size by approximately 16 years of age whereas TDNC dimensions do not experience marked fluctuations in size throughout life and adult dimensions are reached at approximately 4 years of age as expected. The vertebral growth pattern observed in SAC is similar to that obtained in other archaeological samples from very different settings but experiencing relatively high nutritional or pathological stress in early stages of life. However, it is markedly different, and systematically smaller, to the 20th century sample pattern, probably responding to a secular trend in the modern population with a more stable access to resources and medical treatment. Finally, SAC individuals with systemic stress markers do not tend to exhibit smaller vertebral dimensions than those without them.
Reformation of solution process NiO thin films with UV curable polymers for the self‐alignment of liquid crystals
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Oh Jin Young , Yang Da‐Bin , Lee Dong Wook , Won Jonghoon , Kim Dai‐Hyun , Choi Se‐Hoon , Kim Jin‐Ah , Park Hong‐Gyu , Seo Dae‐Shik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC) orientation films are one of the key technologies in display devices. Currently, the commonly used polyimide rubbing method exposes problems such as micro‐defects and static electricity. In this paper, a thin film was prepared from a mixture of UV‐curable polymer and NiO solution using the UV‐NIL method. At room temperature, all three temperatures showed good liquid crystal alignment properties. However, in terms of thermal stability, it was more thermally stable in the 1‐min sample. This means that the formation of patterns has a significant impact on orientation properties, and the change in van der Waals force due to chemical changes also affects the orientation properties to some extent. In addition, excellent electro‐optical properties were also confirmed.
Three‐dimensional graphene/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding composite material based on melamine resin foam template
Authors: Song Jinwei , Xu Kangjun , He Jie , Ye Huijian , Xu Lixin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic shielding materials with good ductility, low density, and high shielding performance have excellent application prospects in communication and electronics, aerospace, and military industry. Lightweight three‐dimensional porous conductive foam composite with high electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding efficiency has been widely concerned in recent years. In this study, we prepared a special physically modified carbonized melamine foam (CMF) by synergistic modification with graphene (GNs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The lightweight CMF composite with a Unique 3D pore structure has been constructed to achieve high efficiency in EMI shielding. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect of few‐layer nanosheets and CNTs in tailored microporous structure, 15 wt% GNs‐CNTs/CMF composite demonstrates low density of 0.03 g/cm3 and high electrical conductivity of 34.0 S/m, resulting in a significant EMI shielding effectiveness as 3840 dB⋅cm2/g. The microporous architecture contributes to multiple reflection losses of electromagnetic waves by introducing multiple interfaces and also improves the construction of conductive paths to deliver outstanding shielding performance. This work illustrates reference significance for the potential application of lightweight EMI shielding materials with target functions.
TOPCon shingle solar cells: Thermal laser separation and passivated edge technology
Authors: Lohmüller Elmar , Baliozian Puzant , Gutmann Leon , Kniffki Leander , Richter Armin , Wang Lili , Dunbar Ricky , Lepert Arnaud , Huyeng Jonas D. , Preu Ralf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work shows the first demonstration of thermal laser separation (TLS) and post‐metallization passivated edge technology (PET) applied to tunnel‐oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) shingle solar cells. The shingle solar cells with 26.46 mm × 158.75 mm size are separated from industrial full‐square TOPCon host solar cells. The singulation is performed either by TLS from the front side (emitter side) or by conventional laser scribe and mechanical cleaving (LSMC) from the rear side (emitter‐free side). The TLS optimized in this work yields up to 0.2%abs more efficient shingle cells after separation in comparison with LSMC‐separated shingle cells. The most promising PET sequence identified for the singulated TOPCon cells consists of depositing an 8‐nm‐thin aluminum oxide layer by thermal atomic layer deposition at a temperature below 200°C in conjunction with subsequent hotplate annealing at 250°C. Application of the PET yields a boost of up to 0.5%abs in energy conversion efficiency for edge‐passivated TOPCon shingle cells in comparison with their performance directly after separation. This efficiency‐increasing impact of the PET sequence is found not to be strongly dependent on the separation process applied. The most efficient TOPCon shingle cell after PET achieves an efficiency of 22.0% and has been singulated by TLS.
Organic decomposition and synthesis reactions in lactated solution exposed to nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Liu Yang , Ishikawa Kenji , Tanaka Hiromasa , Miron Camelia , Kondo Takashi , Nakamura Kae , Mizuno Masaaki , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Toyokuni Shinya , Hori Masaru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLactate is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries and is a crucial intermediate for synthesis. Plasma‐activated lactate (PAL) in Ringer's solution was recently shown to have effective antitumor action. Small molecule aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids were produced from lactate during plasma exposure, and five‐membered conjugated lactone isomers of furanone (C5H6O2) were detected formed by interactions of lactate or its fragments with •OH, organic radicals, and H2O2. 2,3‐Dimethyl‐tartaric acid may be the effective component in PAL for the selective killing of cancer but not normal cells and possible pathways for its synthesis are provided. Aqueous reaction mechanisms are explained, including dehydration, esterification, hydrolysis, and dimerization. This study will help develop novel cancer therapies and further plasma organic chemistry.