bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hysterosalpingography Observations in Female Genital Tuberculosis with Infertility
Authors: Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Kumari Supriya , Jaiswal Parul , Dharmendra Sona , Hari Smriti , Singh Urvashi B 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is radiographic evaluation of uterine cavity and tubal patency.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and utilisation of HSG in female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) with infertility.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre of North India.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective study on 87 cases of FGTB with infertility. Diagnosis of FGTB was made by composite reference standard using the presence of acid-fast bacilli on microscopy/culture or positive GeneXpert, positive polymerase chain reaction or epithelioid granuloma on endometrial biopsy or definitive or probable findings on laparoscopy or hysteroscopy.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Suitable statistical methods were used with STATA software version 12.0.

Results:
HSG findings were normal in 49 (56.32%) cases. There were filling defects in 14 (16.09%), short and shrunken cavity in 4 (4.49%), intrauterine synechiae in 14 (16.09%), T-shaped cavity in 3 (3.44%) and deformed uterine cavity in 5 (5.74%) cases. Fallopian tube findings were hydrosalpinx in 12 (13.79%) and 11 (12.64%) cases, beading of tube in 4 (4.59%) and 2 (2.29%) cases, pipestem appearance in 2 (2.29%) cases each and Maltese cross appearance in 3 (3.44%) and 2 (2.29%) cases, respectively. Tubal blockage was seen in 69 (79.31%) and 67 (77.01%) cases being cornual block in 28 (32.18%) and 26 (29.88%) cases, mid-tubal block in 16 (18.39%) and 15 (17.24%) cases, multiple blocks in 10 (11.49%) and 12 (13.79%) cases and fimbrial block in 15 (17.24%) and 14 (16.09%) cases. None of the cases had flare-up of the disease after HSG in the current study.

Conclusion:
HSG is a useful modality in FGTB with infertility.
Does Coronavirus Disease-19 Infection Affect Ovarian Reserve in Infertile Women? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kahyaoglu Serkan , Ozaksit Muzeyyen Gulnur , Kahyaoglu Inci , Filiz Ahmet Arif , Pekcan Meryem Kuru , Atalay Ece , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Previous studies have revealed menstrual changes following coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) disease. The potential impact of COVID-19 on female reproductive organs, ovary in particular, has not been investigated thoroughly.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and oestradiol (E2) following COVID-19 disease as a surrogate for the detection of ovarian vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Settings and Design:
In this retrospective study, hospital records of unexplained infertile women between 21 and 40 years old who have attended our institution's reproductive medicine unit for evaluation and/or treatment of infertility have been evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
Menstrual cycle day 2–5 serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and E2 levels of 28 infertile women have been studied both before and after the COVID-19 disease to evaluate ovarian reserve before the ovulation induction treatment cycle.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The demographic characteristics and hormonal results of these 28 unexplained infertile women have been compared. The Shapiro–Wilk test has been used to evaluate the normal distribution of variables. Comparison of ovarian reserve markers which were established before and after COVID-19 infection has been performed using paired samples t-test.

Results:
All patients except one have shown mild COVID-19 symptoms and their infection courses have resulted in uneventful recovery. Serum FSH, LH and E2 levels of 24 (85%) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of 4 (15%) patients have been evaluated before and after COVID-19 disease is statistically similar.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 disease or inflammatory response of the infection itself does not seem to affect pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian hormones in infertile women based on menstrual cycle day 2–5 serum FSH, LH, E2 and AMH levels. Further studies including higher patient numbers are urgently needed to clarify the potential effects of COVID-19 disease on the gonadal function of women.
Geographical Diversity in the Age Specific Anti Müllerian Hormone Levels in Infertile Women
Authors: Jaffar Mir , Ahmad Syed Nawaz , Monica  , Ashraf Mohammed , Shaik Sabiha Anjum , Asif Muhammed 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a significant determinant of ovarian reserve. It is still not clear about the rate at which AMH declines with age and varies across populations.

Aim:
The present study examined the AMH levels specific to the North and South Indian populations and attempted to establish an age-dependent reference parametrically.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective study in a tertiary centre.

Materials and Methods:
Serum samples were collected apparently from 650 infertile women (327 from North and 323 from South Indians). AMH was measured using an electrochemiluminescent technique.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Comparison of the AMH data between North and South regions was done by independent t-test. For each age, seven empirical percentiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th) were applied. AMH nomograms for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th and 95th percentiles were produced using the lambda-mu-sigma method.

Results:
AMH levels remarkably decreased with increasing age in the North Indian population, but in the South Indian population, they did not decline beyond 1.5 ng/mL. Further, in the North Indian population, AMH levels were significantly higher in the age group of 22–30 years (4.4 ng/mL) than in the South Indian population (2.04 ng/mL).

Conclusion:
The present study suggests a major geographical difference in mean AMH levels according to their age and ethnic background, regardless of their subjacent pathologies.
Infertility and Social Issue Have the Most Significant Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women in South India
Authors: Hariprasath L. , Selvakumar D. , Dharani V. , Durgalakshmi K. K. , Abilash V. G. , Gopenath T. S. , Nishu S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Infertility can have a significant impact on the identity of women. Individual women, who are infertile, experience tragic emotions, as well as those who are sad for great losses, like the death of a loved one. In this case, the woman is experiencing the loss of the ability to procreate.

Aim:
In the present study, our major concern was to implement the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) Questionnaire on South Indian polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women to assess the impact of various clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome on the HRQOL of South Indian women diagnosed.

Settings and Design:
A total of 126 females in the first phase and 356 females in the second phase between the age group of 18–40 years characterised under the Rotterdam criteria were selected for the study.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out in three different phases which included a one-to-one interview, group discussion and questionnaire session. In our study, we found that all the females who attend the study showed positivity for all the domains developed in the previous study and suggested that further domain can be developed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Suitable statistical methods were used with Graph pad PRISM (version 6).

Results:
Hence, in our study, we developed a further new sixth domain called as 'social impact domain'. Among South Indian PCOS women, we found that infertility and social issue have the most significant impact on HRQOL.

Conclusion:
The revised questionnaire by including the sixth domain called 'Social issue' is likely to be useful in measuring the quality of health of female having PCOS in regard to South Indian population.
Is There a Relationship between Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels and Abortion Rates in Patients Who Received In vitro Fertilisation-Embryo Transfer Cycles?
Authors: Karacin Pinar , Dilbaz Serdar , Aldemir Oya , Dilbaz Berna , Ustun Yaprak Engin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The studies which investigated the relationship between anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level and abortion rate have conflicting results.

Aims:
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between AMH levels and abortion in women who achieved pregnancy with in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, between January 2014 and January 2020.

Materials and Methods:
Patients below 40 years of age who conceived after IVF-embryo transfer treatment during a 6-year period and had a serum AMH level measurement were included. The patients were divided into three groups according to the serum AMH levels as low AMH (L-AMH, ≤1.6 ng/mL), intermediate AMH (I-AMH, 1.61–5.6 ng/mL) and high AMH (H-AMH, >5.6 ng/mL). The groups were compared in terms of obstetric, treatment cycle characteristics and abortion rates.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Mann–Whitney U-test was used in comparison of non-parametric data of two groups; the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the data of more than two groups. When a statistically significant difference was found in the Kruskal–Wallis test result, the groups were compared in pairs using the Mann–Whitney U-test, and the groups that made a statistical difference were determined. The Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the independent categorical variables.

Results:
L-AMH (n = 164), I-AMH (n = 153) and H-AMH (n = 59) groups were similar in terms of obstetric histories and number of cycles applied, with an abortion rate of 23.8%, 19.6% and 16.9%, respectively (P = 0.466). The same analyses were repeated in two subgroups under 34 years of age and above, and no difference was found in terms of miscarriage rates. The number of oocytes retrieved and the number of mature oocytes were higher in H-AMH group compared to intermediate and low groups.

Conclusion:
No relationship was found between serum AMH level and abortion rate in women who achieved clinical pregnancy with IVF treatment.
Impact of Post-Thaw Incubation Time of Frozen Embryos on Clinical Pregnancy Rate
Authors: Ranji G. Geovin , Shankar Kundavi , Asokan Yamini , Veerasigamani Geetha , Vittal Rashmi Gingade , Naaram Nithya M. , Hema Niveda KR 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Vitrification of embryos following a single-controlled ovarian stimulation has been the strategy practised now in many in vitro fertilisation clinics to minimise the risk of early ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, to reduce multiple pregnancy rates and to improve cumulative pregnancy rates. In recent years, advances in vitrification techniques and improved culture conditions have led to good post-thaw embryo survival rates, thereby increasing pregnancy rates of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of post-thaw incubation time of frozen embryos on the clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective, comparative study done at a teaching hospital in assisted reproductive treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred and ten FET cycles were analysed, of which 125 had day 2 freezing and 185 had day 3 freezing. Depending upon the day of thawing and day of transfer, FET cycles were divided into six groups: Group 1 (day 2 thawing and day 3 transfer), Group 2 (day 2 thawing and day 4 transfer), Group 3 (day 2 thawing and day 5 transfer), Group 4 (day 3 thawing and day 3 transfer), Group 5 (day 3 thawing and day 4 transfer) and Group 6 (day 3 thawing and day 5 transfer).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was performed using version 14 R software version 4.0.1 (2020-06-06) (R foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). A P < 0.05 is taken as significant.

Results:
The CPR of Group 4 was 42.4% which was more than that of the other groups but it did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:
Short incubation time of 2–4 h is as effective as an extended incubation time in terms of CPRs of FET cycles.
Deep Learning-Based Robust Automated System for Predicting Human Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index
Authors: Kumar Roopini Sathiasai , Sharma Swapnil , Halder Arunima , Gupta Vipin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Determining the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) by the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test involves manual counting of stained sperms with halo and no halo.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to build a robust artificial intelligence-based solution to predict the DFI.

Settings and Design:
This is a retrospective experimental study conducted in a secondary in vitro fertilisation setup.

Materials and Methods:
We obtained 24,415 images from 30 patients after the SCD test using a phase-contrast microscope. We classified the dataset into two, binary (halo/no halo) and multiclass (big/medium/small halo/degraded (DEG)/dust). Our approach consists of a training and prediction phase. The 30 patients' images were divided into training (24) and prediction (6) sets. A pre-processing method M was developed to automatically segment the images to detect sperm-like regions and was annotated by three embryologists.

Statistical Analysis Used:
To interpret the findings, the precision-recall curve and F1 score were utilised.

Results:
Binary and multiclass datasets containing 8887 and 15,528 cropped sperm image regions showed an accuracy of 80.15% versus 75.25%. A precision-recall curve was determined and the binary and multiclass datasets obtained an F1 score of 0.81 versus 0.72. A confusion matrix was applied for predicted and actuals for the multiclass approach where small halo and medium halo confusion were found to be highest.

Conclusion:
Our proposed machine learning model can standardise and aid in arriving at accurate results without using expensive software. It provides accurate information about healthy and DEG sperms in a given sample, thereby attaining better clinical outcomes. The binary approach performed better with our model than the multiclass approach. However, the multiclass approach can highlight the distribution of fragmented and non-fragmented sperms.
Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates Bisphenol A-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Ehigiator Ben E. , Adikwu Elias , Igweze Zellijo N. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The induction of testicular toxicity by bisphenol A (BPA) may involve oxidative stress. Glutamine (Gln) is a rate limiter for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which inhibits oxidative stress.

Aim:
This study assessed the potential of BPA to preserve testicular structure and function in BPA-treated albino rats.

Study Settings and Design:
Thirty-two adult male albino rats (210–250 g) were randomly allocated to 4 (A-D) of 8 rats per group with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee.

Materials and Methods:
Groups B-D were orally treated with Gln (20 mg/kg body weight), BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) and Gln (20 mg/kg body weight) + BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) daily for 65 days, respectively. Group A (control) was orally treated with normal saline (0.2 mL) daily for 65 days. At the termination of treatment, the rats were weighed and anaesthetized blood samples were collected and evaluated for gonadal hormones. The testes were weighed and evaluated for sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers and histology.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results:
BPA caused a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in testis and body weights, sperm count, volume, motility and normal morphology when compared to the control. BPA significantly (P < 0.001) decreased serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, testicular catalase, superoxide dismutase, GSH and GSH peroxidase levels relative to control. Significantly (P < 0.001) increased serum prolactin, estradiol and testicular malondialdehyde levels occurred in BPA-treated rats relative to control. The testes of BPA-treated rats showed sloughing and coalescence of germ cells. However, Gln supplementation prevents BPA-induced testicular toxicity. Gln supplementation restored testis histology.

Conclusion:
Based on the observation in this study, Gln seems effective against BPA-induced testicular toxicity.
Therapeutic potential of Chirabilva (Holopteliaintegrifolia planch)
Authors: Prajapati Gaurang Jayantibhai , Gavadiya Swati Kanabhai , Sharma Tarun , Bapna Vidhi M. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Among the quarter of medical management, the drug is placed next to the physician in the chronology of importance. Chirabilva [Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch] is one of the best drugs, which can use internally and externally in many diseases. It is described right from the time of Charak Samhita and had a wide range of therapeutic effects. Many formulations are indicated in Gulma, Arsha, Prameha, Shoola, Grahani, Kandu, Kushtha, and Jwara. Also, in Bhavprakash it is indicated in the treatment of Vami, Pitta Arsha, Krumi, Kushtha, and Prameh.

Aim:
The aim of this work was to study the Ayurveda literature to collect information regarding the internal therapeutic uses of Chirabilva (Holopteliaintegrifolia Planch).

Materials and Methods:
A literature review of Chirabilva from Charak Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Bharat Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Yoga Ratnakara, Gada Nigraha, and other relevant literature, and various database regarding various formulations, dosage form, indications, and useful parts.

Observation and Result:
During the literature review, reviewed total 309 formulations, like, Mahatiktak Ghrita, Dhanvantar Ghrita, Putikadhya Ghrita, Kalyanaka Lavana, Himsradhya Ghrita, Abhaya Lavana, Chirbilvadi Kwatha, Chirbilvadhya Churna, Panchamrut Parpati, etc. in 20 different dosage forms of Chirabilva were cited to be recommended in 19 diseases which are Gulma, Arsha, Prameha, Shoola, Grahani, Kandu, Kushtha, Jwara, Pandu, Sotha, Krimi, Swasa, Apasmara, Unmada, Graha Roga, etc.

Conclusion:

Chirabilva is cited in 19 diseases in 20 different dosage forms. It is mainly indicated in Gulma Roga, Arsha Roga, and Shoola. Based on the outcome of this literature review, new formulations and dosage forms can be developed using this abundantly available medicinal plant.
Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of gandhakadi yoga vati
Authors: Chaudhary Naresh B. , Kori Virendra K , Bhinde Sagar M. , Harisha C. R. , Shukla Vinay J. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Ayurveda is age-old medical system, practiced in India. Ayurveda medicines are being prepared from natural sources like herbs, animal products, and minerals. Ancient Ayurveda scholars have mentioned various pharmaceutical procedures to make it bioavailable. They also mentioned about various parameters to control the quality and standardize those formulations. But due to globalization and industrialization, it is need of the time to produce medicines in larger scale and to evaluate its quality with currently available tools for the global acceptance of Ayurveda. Gandhakadi Yoga Vati is an herbo-mineral formulation used as an adjuvant in the management of Thalassemia Major. Till date quality data of this formulation is not been evaluated.

Aims and Objectives:
To analyze the Gandhakadi Yoga Vati through pharmacognostically and physicochemical parameters.

Materials and Methods:
In this analytical study, preauthenticated raw drugs were procured from pharmacy, ITRA, Jamnagar. Drug was prepared at RSBK department and pharmacy, ITRA, Jamnagar. Organoleptic parameters and microscopic analysis of Vati were done at pharmacognosy department, ITRA. Physicochemical analysis and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) were carried out at pharmaceutical laboratory, ITRA.

Results:
Microscopic characteristics of Gandhakadi Yoga Vati showed simple trichome, starch grain, epidermal cells, fibers, parenchymal cell of Agastya Patra (Sesbenia grandiflora Linn.), pitted stone cells, lignified stone cell, trichome, tanin content, prismatic crystal, brown content, spool cells of Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm.f.), and black debris of Gandhaka. In physicochemical analysis, Ash value was 8.64%w/w, loss on drying was 0.85%w/w, pH was 6.4, acid-insoluble ash value was 2.49% w/w alcohol-soluble extractive was 14.9%w/w, and water-soluble extractive was 5.09%w/w. HPTLC study showed 06 and 07 peaks at 254 and 366 nm wave lengths, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study generated preliminary data on pharmacognostical, physicochemical parameters, and HPTLC of Gandhakadi Yoga Vati. These fingerprinting can be useful for future researchers to reproduce this formulation.
Hand Hygiene Behaviors in Adult Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Changed?
Authors: SAYIN KASAR Kadriye , KARAMAN Emine , YILDIRIM Yasemin 
Published: April 2023

Background: Hand washing is vital to prevent the spread of the agent from person to person during
epidemic periods and to reduce the impact of the pandemic on people’s lives, health, livelihoods
and health system.

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the hand hygiene behavior of adults during the
COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was completed between 15 October 2020 and
30 November 2020 via Google Forms with 627 adult individuals. The data were collected with a
questionnaire form created by the researchers as a result of the relevant literature review.

Results: During the pandemic period, 91.4% of the participants stated that the habit of hand
washing increased. It was observed that handwashing status of participants during the pandemic
process changed in terms of age group, gender and those who considerg hand hygiene important
in combating the epidemic (p
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CULINARY BUSINESS FOR YOUNG BUSINESS LEADERS
Authors: Hasugian Buyung Solihin , Indallah Tara Wardha 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe use of social media for business development is not a new concept for business owners. Despite this, there are many people who work in the food industry on a small scale who benefit from social media. Many others are among those who have used social media but have experienced difficulties in using it. This study investigates the impact of social media on the growth of small businesses, particularly in the food industry, based on the opinions of those who have used it. Using a quantitative method with a focus on psychology, the findings indicate that social media use can significantly aid in the growth of businesses. In order for technology to be used to its full potential, businesses must continue to invest in social media growth. In the long run, social media is not the most important factor in increasing sales. Good product and service development is a key factor in achieving faster sales growth. The results of this study may be extended in order to obtain more precise results as a single theory of microeconomic development. Keywords : Influence of Social Media, Promotion, Marketing, Consumer Decisions