bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Soil Mulching and Fluoroton Spraying on the Productivity of Two Zucchini Squash hybrids (Cucurbita pepo L.) under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Alkwaz Amar Basim Hadi , Al-Hassani Muhammad Hadi Obaid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses affiliated to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Karbala for the spring season 2022. The study included the effect of three factors, the first factor at four levels, which are mulching soil As follows (without mulching M0, transparent plastic cover M1, black plastic cover M2 and black geotextile cover M3) and the second factor spraying with a fluorotone compound in two concentrations (0 gm L-1 S0 and 0.5 gm L-1 S1), Spraying was done during the true leaf stage and flowering stage and the third factor is two hybrids of zucchini squash hybrids, namely (variety CHAMSA F1 V1 and cultivar YOULAND F1 V2), thus the total number of treatments became sixteen with a factorial experiment, with 3 replications for each treatment, thus the number of experimental units is forty-eight experimental units, Each experimental unit contains eight plants, The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used and the results were analyzed using the statistical program Gens Stat and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference (LSD) test at the level of probability 0.05. The results showed that the V1 variety was superior to the V2 variety in most of the studied productive traits, which were represented in the number of fruits, the yield of one plant, and the total yield, except for the early plant yield, as the V2 variety was superior compared to the V1 variety. As for the fluoroton treatment, the spray treatment S1 excelled in all the studied productive characteristics compared to the control treatment S0. As for the soil covers, the black plastic cover M2 recorded the highest production in all the studied characteristics, followed by the transparent plastic cover M1, which was significantly superior to the comparison treatment (without covering) and the black geotextile cover M3.
Effect of Biofertilizers and Spraying with Magnesium and Calcium on Vegetative Growth Indicators of Sweet Corn
Authors: Wasan S. M. K. , Al-Juboori Ayad W. A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg+2 and Ca+2 and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg++ and Ca++ with concentration of 25 mg L-1 (N1) and 50 mg L-1 each elements (N2), The experiment was carried out according to RCBD with in split plot arrangement. The results showed that hybrid H2, the treatment of bacterial biofertilizers B3 and the foliar spraying of magnesium and calcium N2 had significant effect in all studied traits. H2B3N2 had significant effect in plant height, leaf area, leaf area index and plant dry weight, H2B2N2 had significant effect in the number of leaves. Plant-1 and H2B1N2 had significant effect in total chlorophyll concentration in leaves.
Histological Study of the Effect of Adding Probiotic Bacteria Loaded on Crushed Date Seeds in the Diets of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Yasery Ahmed J. , Al-Saeedi Muthanna Bashar Abdulaali , Ajeel H. M. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the fields of breeding and improving sheep and goats at the Al-Dabouni research station in Al-Dabouni district, Wasit Governorate affiliated to the General Authority for Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture, from 8/2/2022 to 7/6/2022. A total of 24 male Awassi lambs, aged between 4-5 months, were used (4 from Al-Mahatta lambs and 20 purchased from a breeder in Jassan district), average starting weight (24,583 ± 0.25) kg, they were randomly distributed into six equal groups (4 lambs per group) and fed on daily diets for a period of 18 weeks, as follows: T1: negative control; T2: positive control; T3: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic; T4: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic; T5: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Bifidobacterium bifidum as a probiotic; T6: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Streptococcus thermophiles as a probiotic. The results of the current study indicated T4 revealed enlarged muscle fibers with copious cytoplasm and few fibers in the field due to the large size of the fibers. T5 showed epithelial hyperplasia of the rumen mucosal epithelium, T6 hyperplasia of the mucous epithelium of the rumen in this group with marked thickening of the epithelium and an increase in epithelial cells
Effect of Spraying Water on the Body of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions in Milk Production and Components
Authors: Al-Khafaji Manar Abdul Qader , Shwayel Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Azzawi Ali Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of the current experiment is to reduce heat stress on imported Holstein cows in central Iraq during the months of August and September. Using 12 Holstein cows multiparous from milk-producing cows raised in the station, divided into three treatments each treatment containing 4 cows. C = cows without spraying (control treatment), T1 = cows sprayed once a day at 1 pm and T2 = cows sprayed twice a day at 11 am and 1 pm. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the treatments in the daily milk production during the second, fourth and eighth weeks of the experiment in the twice-daily spraying treatment, which recorded 13.25, 14.50 and 13.00 kg/cow/day, respectively, compared with the control treatment in the second and fourth weeks, where It recorded 9.50 and 11.00 kg/cow/day, respectively, and compared with the T1 treatment in the eighth week, which was 8.50 kg/cow/day, and it was noted that there were no significant differences between the treatments in the total milk production during the trial period. However, there was an arithmetical increase in the spraying treatment, which amounted to 796 kg/cow compared with control treatment which recorded 694 kg/cow, and in the treatment of spraying once a day it amounted to 722.75 kg/cow, and for the milk components that include fat, protein, lactose sugar, ash and density There were no significant differences between the treatments during the experiment period. We conclude from the current experiment that spraying Holstein cows with water twice a day during the period of heat stress had a positive effect in increasing milk production in some weeks of the experiment during the months of August and September.
Effect of Adding Milk Thistle Silybium Marianum Cereal to Ration on Performance of Productive and Physiological of Laying Hens
Authors: Jasim Mahdi Salih , Al-Jurany Taghreed Hadi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of milk thistle Silybum marianum cereal powder to the ration on productive and physiological performance of laying hens. The experiment was performed from the age of 49 weeks to 64 weeks of hens age. A total of 81 laying hens were randomly distributed to three treatments each treatment with three replicates and nine birds in each replicate. The experimental treatments were as the following : Treatment 1 (control) fed standard ration (free milk thistle cereal powder), treatment 2 fed standard ration + Milk thistle 7.5 gm/kg feed and treatment 3 fed standard ration + Milk thistle 15 gm/kg feed. The results obtained showed that the adding milk thistle cereal powder on diet of layer had a positive effect on egg production(HD%), egg weight, egg mass and feed convertion ratio, as well on blood biochemical (Immunity, T. Protein, ALT, AST) and histological indices of intestinal (Villi high, Crypts depth), while the experimental treatments had no significant effect on the concentration of uric acid and cholesterol. It can be concluded from the results of this study, that the adding milk thistle to diet have important role in improvement of productive performance and health statues of laying hen,.
Effect of Water Extract of Maringa Olivera Leaves on some Characteristics of Goats Epididymal Sperms Under Cooling Conditions
Authors: Jieish Shifaa Kadhum , Al-Sadoon Ali Abdullah Zuairi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted at the postgraduate laboratories, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, during the period between January 5, 2021 to May 29, 2022, to determine the effect of the water extract of Moringa olivera leaves on some characteristics of goats epididymal sperms under cooling conditions for different periods. The water extract of Moringa, Olivera leaves was prepared and stored in the refrigerator until the time of uses, the epididymal sperms were obtained from the slaughtered goats testes in the local abattoir of Al-Muthanna Governorate, and transferred immediately to the laboratory to collect the epididymal sperms from the tail of epididymis and extended by Tris extender contains different concentrations of water extract of Maringa Olivera (0.02 and 0.03)%. The results showed that the water extract of Moringa led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) on the individual motility of sperms and the hyper osmosis swelling test (HOST), with significantly decreased on percentage of abnormal and dead sperms. The increase of the time of cooling leads to a significant decrease on the individual motility of sperms and the HOST, with a significant increase on the abnormal and dead sperm. The interaction between the level of water extract of Moringa olivera and the cooling periods, there was a significant effect on the individual motility of sperms, while the interaction did not significantly affect to the abnormal and dead sperm as well as the HOST. It was concluded that the water extract of Moringa Olivera leaves improved the characteristics of goats epididymal sperms under cooling conditions.
Applying of Microcapsulated Probiotics via Calcium and Zinc Salts into Yoghurt and Study its Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Properties
Authors: Rasham Hanan Daghim , Mulakhudair Ali R. , Al-Saadi Jasim M.S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, lactobacillus acidophilus were encapsulated using whey protein concentrate precipitated utilizing salts (Cacl2, Zncl2). The highest efficiency of the encapsulation process by extrusion by calcium chloride was 66%, followed by zinc by 24%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination was used to study the shape of the encapsulation process for the probiotic. In condition similar to the human stomach conditions, the viable numbers of lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic coated with whey protein concentrate were much higher than those without encapsulation where the survivability after 90 min. for calcium chloride was 45.5 % compared with the un-encapsulated probiotic where the survivability was 8.75%, while the survivability for probiotic encapsulated in whey protein extruded with zinc chloride was 22.5% compared to the control treatment. Yoghurt was manufactured from whole milk, the probiotic was added and its chemical, physical and microbiological properties were studied.
Effect of Adding Isolates of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 on Performance of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758)
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Radhi , Salman Ali Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 on the performance of common carp fingerlings which had initial body weight attained (44±0.69) g. A total of 72 fish were used and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). An experimental diet was prepared with a crude protein attained (29.14%) and gross energy of 396.726 kcal / g. The probiotics were prepared in the form of bacterial suspensions at a dilution of 1*10-6 cfu/ml) and were added to the suspension of 20% Arabic gum and phosphate buffer salt as an enveloping and adhesive material for bacterial cells to increase their stability and survival on feed pellets. The liquid probiotics were added to specified amounts of the experimental diets according to the following treatments (T0 control treatment, T1 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, T2 Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and T3 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 + Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144. Fish performance was assessed after 83 days of the experiment according to weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, metabolic growth rate, feed conversion rate, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the statistical analysis showed that all the probiotic treatments were significantly exceeding as compared with T0 in the following order T1, T3, T2 of the weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, and metabolic growth rate, also its gave the best feed conversion rate and protein efficiency ratio. Therefore, we conclude that the isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and their dual combination, within the conditions of this study, were highly influential in achieving the best utilization of the food intake and the best performance of common carp fingerlings.
Evaluation of some Blood Parameters, Innate Immunity, and Blood Performance of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758) by using Single and Dual Bacterial Isolates Probiotics
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Radhi , Salman Ali Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 on the blood parameters and innate immunity of common carp fingerlings which had initial body weight attained (44±0.69) g. A total of 72 fish were used and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). An experimental diet was prepared with a crude protein attained (29.14%) and gross energy of 396.726 kcal / g. The probiotics were prepared in the form of bacterial suspensions at a dilution of 1*10-6 cfu/ml and were added to the suspension of 20% Arabic gum and phosphate buffer salt as an enveloping and adhesive material of bacterial cells to increase their stability and survival on feed pellets. The liquid probiotics were added to specified amounts of the experimental diets according to the following treatments (T0 control treatment, T1 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, T2 Streptococcus thermophilus 5935, and T3 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 + Streptococcus thermophilus 5935). Fish blood parameters was assessed after 83 days of the experiment by using an equation of blood performance of the parameters ( RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, Immunoglobulin IGM, Serum total proteins ). The results of the statistical analysis showed that all the probiotic treatments were significantly exceeding compared with T0 to the RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, Immunoglobulin, and blood performance. As for serum total proteins, T3 was significantly exceeded in all experimental treatments. Therefore, we conclude that the isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 and the dual combination of them within the conditions of this study and according to the blood performance equation were highly effective in achieving the best values of blood performance of common carp fingerlings.
Natural Radioactivity for some Types of Date in Al-Qasim Subdistrict, Babylon Governorate
Authors: Jafer Noor Ali , Azeez Ali Jaafar , Abojassim Ali Abid , Jassim Ali Saeed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to assess some radiological hazard risk parameters such as the annual effective dose (AED), Fatal Cancer Risk (FCR), Hereditary Cancer Risk (HCR), radium equivalent (Raeq), and Internal hazard index (Hin) due to specific activity of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in some samples of date in Al-Qasim subdistrict, Babylon governorate. The specific activity was measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy with NaI(Tl) doctor. The average values of the specific activity in unit Bq/kg for 238U, 232Th, and 40K were 10.83 ±1.22, 4.94 ±0.80, and 341.36 ±15.25, respectively. While, the average values of total AED, FCR×10-3, HCR×10-3, Raeq, and Hin were 0.210±0.018 mSv/y, 0.737±0.064, 0.198±0.008, 44.18±3.10 Bq/kg, and 0.148±0.011, respectively. The results show that, all values of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were lower than the global limit according to UNSCEAR 2008 (33 Bq/kg, 45 Bq/kg, and 420 Bq/kg), except two samples have 40K higher than global limit. these because increasing used chemical fertilizers by peasants. Also, it is found that all values of the radiological hazard risk parameters in the present study were lower than global limit according to UNSCEAR, ICRP, OECD, etc. So, it was concluded that the date samples in the present study does not cause any danger to the human health when its consumption.
Effect of Temperature and pH on the Antioxidant Activity of Tricin Flavonoid Extracted from Rice Bran
Authors: Al-Badri Samah R. H. , Al-Janabi N. M. S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the antioxidant activity in three ways the ferrous ion binding capacity, the reducing power and the hydrogen peroxide inhibiting activity of rice brane commercial jasmine variety and comparing it with the tricin compound extraxted from it and the effect of different temperatures including (63,72,72,85,100,121,121,138) C° and pH(4,5,6,7,8) on their effectiveness distinguishing purified tricin by a higher ferrous ion binding capacity than the aqueous extract of the tested rice bran synthetic antioxidant and vitamin C with proportions reached 96.21%,94.40%,93.34%and94.40 % respectively at 10 mg/ml and superiority of tricin with a reducing power of 93.94% than the aqueous extract of rice bran commercial jasmine variety and industrial antioxidants BHT and PG at concentration 50 mg/ml the purified tricin had a hydrogen peroxide inhibition activity 9.5% higher than the aqueous extract of rice bran commercial jasmine variety, PG and BHT which reached 7.9%, 7.7% and 8.7% respectively at 400 μ/ml concentration the purified tricin also showed stability towards temperatures at times (30 min, 15second, 30 min, 1 min, 30 min, 5 min, 15min and 2 seconds) tested higher than the aqueous extract with the three tested antioxidant activity reaching respectively with the ability to bind ferrous ion and it was (78.29, 61.43, 69.28, 67.92, 53.31, 58.89, 64.29 and 44.34) % respectively with reducing power and (68.91, 59.28, 68.22, 66.43, 42.40, 42.70, 61.27 and 38.92)% respectively, (1.7, 0.8, 1.4, 1.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 and 0.2)% respectively with hydrogen peroxide scavenging the purified tricin showed higher stability towards the tested PH than the aqueous extract with the three antioxidant activity methods a slight decrease was observed in the antioxidant activity was observed at PH 7 compared to the other PH which reached (82.50, 89.19 and 7.2)% respectively for the three tested antioxidant activity methods.
Diagnosis the Pseudoperonospora cubensis Causes Downy Mildew in Cucumbers and its Resistance to Potassium Silicate and Extract Eggplant Wild
Authors: Farhan Omar Khalaf , Ibade Khalid W. , Kareem Tariq A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to test the efficiency of potassium silicate and wild eggplant Solanum eleaegnifolium normal and nano for the management of downy mildew disease on cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis under greenhouse conditions by reducing the incidence and severity of the disease and its reflection on the efficiency of the control and the area under the disease progress curve AUDPC compared to the fungicide Energy Previcur (Hcl - Propamocarb and Fosetyl-aluminum). The results of phenotypic and molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for the two tested isolates showed that they are Pseudoperonospora cubensis. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in the gene bank under accession numbers ON509850 and ON509851. The results of the field trial indicated that the normal potassium silica at a concentration of 2.5 ml L-1 prevented the disease completely, with a severity rate and infection rate of 0.00%, it gave the highest reduction recorded with significant differences from the control treatment infected with artificial infestation 45.90% and 24.27%, respectively. They are followed by the normal and nano fungicide treatments. With regard to the effect of different treatments on the percentage of control, the results showed that the highest control percentage was recorded in the treatment of normal potassium silicates (100%), followed by the treatment of nano silicates (65.88%). Whereas, treatments of alcoholic and nano eggplant wild extract gave 51.64% and 50.50%, respectively, and 63.04 % and 63.09 % for the normal and nano fungicides, respectively.
Biosynthesises of Silver Nanoparticles of Beauveria bassiana and its Effect on Potato Tuber Moth (Zeller) Phthorimaea opercullella Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae
Authors: Al-Mammori Huda Zuhair , Ali Sadiq Mohammed , Khudair Hadi Mezal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted at the Atomic Energy Laboratory, plant Control Department / Baghdad for the year 2020-2021. The study aimed to synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Beauveria bassiana to control potato tuber moth Phthorimaea opercullella. The results showed the formation of silver nanoparticles of the supernatant B.b-SNPS of the fungal extract and biomass B.b-SNPS had the highest absorption at the longest wavelengths (380 and 435 nm) respectively. The scanning electron microscope images also showed that the silver nanoparticles were of irregular spherical shapes with average diameters of Bb-AgNPs for biomass and Bb-AgNPs for the supernatant (43.75 and 79.65) nanometers, respectively. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles prepared by the supernatant and the biomass of the fungus induced the highest egg mortality of 34.6% and 44.3%, while the egg mortality were 80.9 and 67.5%, respectively, when the fourth larval stage of the insect was treated. The overall results indicated that the prepared silver nanoparticles are highly efficient in affecting the eggs and larvae of the fourth instar, which can be used efficiently to reduce the rate of infection in the insect and can be a promising method for the insect control.