bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zeinalabedini Mobina , Nasli-Esfahani Ensieh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality and disability among diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate how healthy eating index-2015 related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 490 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran. The healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) used as a diet quality indicator. Dietary intake was assessed by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Four indicators of CVD risk factor [Castelli risk index-1 and 2 (CRI-II), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), cholesterol index (CI), and lipid accumulation of plasma (LAP)] were calculated. The anthropometric indices [a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and body roundness index (BRI)] were computed.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, it is evident that participants in the highest tertile of HEI had a lower odds ratio of BRI (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29–0.95; p-trend = 0.03) and AIP (OR:0.56; 95% CI: 0.34–0.94; p-trend = 0.02). Also, HEI and CRI had a marginally significant negative relation (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–1; p-trend = 0.05) in crude model, after adjusting the signification disappeared.ConclusionIn conclusion, our finding shows that more adherence to HEI reduces about 50% of the odds of AIP, BRI among diabetic patients. Further, large-scale cohort studies in Iran need to confirm these findings, including diabetic patients of various racial, ethnic backgrounds, body composition and different components of HEI.
Quality-of-life impact of interstitial cystitis and other pelvic pain syndromes
Authors: Cunningham Andrew R. , Gu Lin , Dubinskaya Alexandra , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Barbour Kamil E. , Kim Jayoung , Freedland Stephen J. , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and pelvic pain levels over time in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and those with other pelvic pain conditions (OPPC) including chronic prostatitis, dyspareunia, vaginismus, vulvodynia, and vulvar vestibulitis.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled male and female patients from any Veterans Health Administration (VHA) center in the US. They completed the Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI) quantifying urologic HRQOL and the 12-Item Short Form Survey version 2 (SF-12) quantifying general HRQOL at enrollment and 1 year later. Participants were classified by ICD diagnosis codes and confirmed by chart review to be IC/BPS or OPPC (308 and 85 patients respectively).ResultsAt baseline and follow-up, IC/BPS patients, on average, had worse urologic and general HRQOL than OPPC patients. IC/BPS patients demonstrated improvement in urologic HRQOL measures over the study but demonstrated no significant change in any general HRQOL measure suggesting a condition-specific impact. Patients with OPPC demonstrated similar improvements in urologic HRQOL but had deteriorating mental health and general HRQOL at follow-up suggesting a wider general HRQOL impact for these diseases.ConclusionsWe found that patients with IC/BPS had worse urologic HRQOL compared to other pelvic conditions. Despite this, IC/BPS showed stable general HRQOL over time, suggesting a more condition-specific impact on HRQOL. OPPC patients showed deteriorating general HRQOL, suggesting more widespread pain symptoms in these conditions.
Effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in children with enthesitis-related arthritis: a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Tonghao , Huang Shuoyin , Guo Yanli , Jin Jing , Yan Wu , Wang Panpan , Fang Yuying , Liu Yingying , Pan Yuting , Fan Zhidan , Yu Haiguo 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveIn children with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), the hip and sacroiliac joint function might be impaired if not properly treated. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy using the inflammatory indicators, Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 27 (JADAS27) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective study of 134 patients with ERA. We evaluated the effect of anti-TNF therapy on the inflammatory indicators, active joint count, MRI quantitative score, and JADAS27 over 18 months. We used the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) and the Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System (HIMRISS) scoring systems for hip and sacroiliac joints scoring.ResultsThe average age of onset of children with ERA was 11.62 ± 1.95 years, and they were treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) combined with biologics (n = 87, 64.93%). There were no differences in HLA-B27 positivity between the biologics and non-biologics treatment groups [66 (49.25%) vs. 68 (50.75%), P &gt; 0.05]. Children who received anti-TNF (71 received etanercept, 13 adalimumab, 2 golimumab, and 1 infliximab) therapy improved significantly. Children with ERA used DMARDs and biologics at baseline (Group A) were followed up to 18 months, and their active joint count (4.29 ± 1.99 vs. 0.76 ± 1.33, P = 0.000), JADAS27 (13.70 ± 4.80 vs. 4.53 ± 4.52, P = 0.000) and MRI quantitative scores (P = 0.001) were significantly lower than those at baseline. Some of the patients (n = 13, 9.70%) were treated with DMARDs at the onset of the disease, but did not show significant improvement (Group B). After 6−18 months of switching to anti-TNF therapy, related indicators of the children were significantly lower than at baseline and 1 month (P &lt; 0.013). At 18 months, a total of 33 patients (n = 74, 44.59%) in Group A and 7 (n = 13, 53.85%) in Group B reached inactive state.ConclusionEighteen months after diagnosis, anti-TNF therapy was found to be effective in children diagnosed with ERA. MRI is important for the early diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. TNF-α inhibitors can significantly improve the clinical manifestations of sacroiliac joint and hip involvement in patients with ERA. Overall, the real-world study provides more evidence for precision diagnosis and treatment for other hospitals, families and patients.
Application of epicutaneo-cava catheters with 24G indwelling needles in very low birth weight infants: a safe and simple innovative technique
Authors: Wang Qin , Luo Feixiang , Fan Xiaoyan , Cheng Xiaoying , Ma Xiaolu , Shi Liping , Zhang Pei 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEpicutaneo-cava catheter (ECC) is an ideal venous access for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. However, because veins of VLBW infants are thin, ECC catheter is difficult to insert, and the success rate of puncture is low. This study aimed to use ECC with 24G indwelling needles to improve the outcomes of VLBW infants.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 121 VLBW infants (birthweight &lt;1,500 g) who required ECC catheterization and were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2021 and December 2021. The patients were divided into the indwelling needle group and the conventional technique group according to the technique of ECC. The demographic and treatment data of the two groups were collected, and the success rate of first attempt cannulation of ECC and catheter-related complications of the two groups were analyzed and compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in gender, age, and body weight between the two groups on the day of ECC insertion and venipuncture site. It can be seen through model analysis that the success rate of first-attempt cannulation of ECC in the indwelling needle group was significantly higher than in the conventional technique group. In contrast, average catheterization time and catheterization-related bleeding risk in the indwelling needle group were significantly lower than in the conventional technique group (p = 0.00,and 0.00, respectively). Infection during catheter placement, indwelling catheter duration and catheter-related infection between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionApplication of ECC with 24G indwelling needles in VLBW infants can improve the success rate of first attempt cannulation of ECC, reduce the time of catheterization and the risk of bleeding, which may be popularized for widespread application.
Opioid use in the era of COVID-19: a multifaceted study of the opioid epidemic in Canada
Authors: Hutchinson Molly , Lavigne Éric , Patterson Zachary 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had wide economic, social, and health impacts, and has disproportionately affected individuals who were already vulnerable. Individuals who use opioids have dealt with evolving public health measures and disruptions while also dealing with the ongoing opioid epidemic. Opioid-related mortalities in Canada increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is unclear to what extent public health measures and the progression of the pandemic contributed to opioid-related harms.Methods: To address this gap, we used emergency room (ER) visits recorded in the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) between 1 April 2017, and 31 December 2021, to investigate trends of opioid-related harms throughout the pandemic. This study also included semi-structured interviews with service providers in the field of opioid use treatment, to help contextualize the trends seen in ER visits and offer perspectives on how opioid use and services have changed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Overall, the number of hospitalizations related to an opioid use disorder (OUD) decreased with progressing waves of the pandemic and with increasing severity of public health measures in Ontario. The rate of hospitalizations related to opioid poisonings (e.g., central nervous system and respiratory system depression caused by opioids) significantly increased with the progressing waves of the pandemic, as well as with increasing severity of public health measures in Ontario.Discussion: The increase in opioid-related poisonings is reflected in the existing literature whereas the decrease in OUDs is not. Moreover, the increase in opioid-related poisonings aligns with the observations of service providers, whereas the decrease in OUD contradicts the trends that service providers described. This discrepancy could be explained by factors identified by service providers, including the pressures on ERs during the pandemic, hesitancy to seek treatment, and drug toxicity.
Status and future of the soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at the SHINE
Authors: Liu Tao , Huang Nanshun , Yang Hanxiang , Qi Zheng , Zhang Kaiqing , Gao Zhangfeng , Chen Si , Feng Chao , Zhang Wei , Luo Hang , Fu Xiaoxi , Liu He , Faatz Bart , Deng Haixiao , Liu Bo , Wang Dong , Zhao Zhentang 
Published: May 2023

The Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction and aims at generating X-rays between 0.4 and 25 keV with three FEL beamlines at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. The soft X-ray FEL beamline, FEL-II, will be ready for commissioning in 2025. It is designed to cover the photon energy from 0.4 to 3 keV, in which the baselines of the FEL operation modes are self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), self-seeding, echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG), and polarization control. Therefore, a high repetition-rate external seed laser, large period length modulator, soft X-ray monochromator, planar undulator, and elliptically polarized undulator have been adopted in the FEL-II beamline. Several potentials such as an ultra-short pulse mode and a multi-color mode are also foreseeable without significant equipment changes in the follow-up operation. A dual-period undulator design is suggested for the echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) commissioning, and it has great potential to break through the unreachable energy of the fully coherent X-ray in the future. The FEL-II beamline will deliver SASE radiation and fully coherent radiation in all the wavelengths of interest.
Prospective associations between child screen time and parenting stress and later inattention symptoms in preschoolers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Almeida Maíra Lopes , Garon-Carrier Gabrielle , Cinar Eda , Frizzo Giana Bitencourt , Fitzpatrick Caroline 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionChild attention skills are critical for supporting self-regulation abilities, especially during the first years of life. On the other hand, inattention symptoms in preschoolers have been associated with poor school readiness, literacy skills and academic achievement. Previous research has linked excessive screen time with increased inattention symptoms in early childhood. However, most research has only focused on TV exposure and did not investigate this association during the COVID-19 pandemic. This atypical context has increased screen time in children worldwide, including preschoolers. We hypothesize that higher levels of child screen media and parenting stress at age 3.5 will be associated with higher child inattention symptoms at age 4.5.MethodThis study draws on participants followed longitudinally over the span of 2-years for an investigation of Canadian preschoolers’ screen media use during the pandemic (N = 315, 2020). A follow-up with this sample was completed in 2021 (N = 264).ResultsAnalyses using multiple linear regression, revealed a positive association between child screen time at age 3.5 and inattention symptoms at 4.5 years. Parental stress was also positively associated with child inattention symptoms. Associations were observed above individual (child age, inhibitory control, and sex) and family (parent education and family income) characteristics.DiscussionThese results confirmed our hypothesis and highlight that preschooler screen use and parenting stress may undermine attentional skills. Since attention is a crucial component for children development, behavior and academic outcomes, our study reinforces the importance for parents of adopting healthy media habits.
Machine learning techniques for identifying mental health risk factor associated with schoolchildren cognitive ability living in politically violent environments
Authors: Qasrawi Radwan , Vicuna Polo Stephanny , Abu Khader Rami , Abu Al-Halawa Diala , Hallaq Sameh , Abu Halaweh Nael , Abdeen Ziad 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMental health and cognitive development are critical aspects of a child’s overall well-being; they can be particularly challenging for children living in politically violent environments. Children in conflict areas face a range of stressors, including exposure to violence, insecurity, and displacement, which can have a profound impact on their mental health and cognitive development.MethodsThis study examines the impact of living in politically violent environments on the mental health and cognitive development of children. The analysis was conducted using machine learning techniques on the 2014 health behavior school children dataset, consisting of 6373 schoolchildren aged 10–15 from public and United Nations Relief and Works Agency schools in Palestine. The dataset included 31 features related to socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, mental health, exposure to political violence, social support, and cognitive ability. The data was balanced and weighted by gender and age.ResultsThis study examines the impact of living in politically violent environments on the mental health and cognitive development of children. The analysis was conducted using machine learning techniques on the 2014 health behavior school children dataset, consisting of 6373 schoolchildren aged 10-15 from public and United Nations Relief and Works Agency schools in Palestine. The dataset included 31 features related to socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, mental health, exposure to political violence, social support, and cognitive ability. The data was balanced and weighted by gender and age.DiscussionThe findings can inform evidence-based strategies for preventing and mitigating the detrimental effects of political violence on individuals and communities, highlighting the importance of addressing the needs of children in conflict-affected areas and the potential of using technology to improve their well-being.
Eating disorder symptoms among children and adolescents in Germany before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Napp Ann-Kathrin , Kaman Anne , Erhart Michael , Westenhöfer Joachim , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDisordered eating is highly prevalent among children and adolescents. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations due to eating disorders have peaked and overweight has risen. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms among children and adolescents in Germany before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated factors.Materials and methodsEating disorder symptoms and associated factors were examined in a sample of n = 1,001 participants of the nationwide population-based COPSY study in autumn 2021. Standardized and validated instruments were used to survey 11–17-year-olds along with a respective parent. To identify differences in prevalence rates, logistic regression was used to compare results with data from n = 997 participants of the prepandemic BELLA study. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations with relevant factors in the pandemic COPSY sample.ResultsEating disorder symptoms were reported by 17.18% of females and 15.08% of males in the COPSY study. Prevalence rates were lower overall in the COPSY sample compared to before the pandemic. Male gender, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were associated with increased odds for eating disorder symptoms in the pandemic.ConclusionThe pandemic underscores the importance of further research, but also prevention and intervention programs that address disordered eating in children and adolescents, with a focus on age - and gender-specific differences and developments. In addition, screening instruments for eating disorder symptoms in youths need to be adapted and validated.
Analysis of CEPH-accredited online public health doctoral programs and MPH degree holder demand
Authors: Lewis Barbara , Sy Francisco 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe number of doctoral programs to train future public health leaders is critical in meeting the demand of global health challenges in the 21st century. Ten United States online public health doctoral programs accept only a fraction of interested learners.MethodsThis research examines the launch of the first online public health doctoral program, accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health, and compares nine similar programs that have followed in the ensuing 12 years.ResultsSurvey results highlight the demand by Master of Public Health degree holders for online public health doctoral programs; 84.11% of survey respondents indicated an interest in obtaining a doctoral degree.DiscussionIf we strive to answer the question posed by the Institute of Medicine in 2003, “Who will keep the public healthy?” then we need to provide education that is accessible, efficient and equitable for interested learners, most of whom are turned down by online public health doctoral programs that have limited capacity.
Evaluation of the public health empowerment program in the Eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Alsoukhni Majd A. , Al Nsour Mohannad , Alsouri Ruba Kamal , Al Serouri Abdulwahed , Hussain Zakir , Annam Labiba Saeed , Al Kohlani Abdulhakeem , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Samy Sahar Mahmoud , ép Ben Alaya Nissaf Bouafif , Abu-Khader Ilham B. , Abbas Haitham Bashier , Khader Yousef 
Published: May 2023

Background:The Public Health Empowerment Program (PHEP) is a 3-month training program for frontline public health staff to improve surveillance quality and strengthen the early warning system capacities. Studies evaluating the program and its impact on the health systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of PHEP graduates’ engagement in field epidemiology activities, assess their perceived skills and capacity to perform these activities and assess the extent to which PHEP helped the graduates to perform field epidemiology activities.Methods:A descriptive evaluation study was conducted based on levels 3 and 4 of Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating training programs to assess the change in graduates’ behavior and the direct results of the program. Data were collected using two online surveys targeting PHEP graduates and programs’ directors/ technical advisers.Results:A total of 162 PHEP graduates and 8 directors/ technical advisers participated in the study. The majority of PHEP graduates reported that they are often involved in activities such as responding to disease outbreaks effectively (87.7%) and monitoring surveillance data collection (75.3%). High proportions of PHEP graduates rated their skills as good in performing most of field epidemiology activities. The majority of graduates reported that the PHEP helped them much in conducting, reviewing, and monitoring surveillance data collection (92%), responding effectively to public health events and disease outbreaks (91.4%), and communicating information effectively with agency staff and with the local community (85.2%).Conclusion:PHEP appears to be an effective program for improving the public health workforce’s skills and practices in epidemiological competencies in the EMR. PHEP strengthened the engagement of the graduates in most field epidemiology activities, especially during COVID-19.