bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Plant‐Parasitic Nematodes in Pacific Northwest Potatoes
Authors: Boyd Vicky 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeveral plant‐parasitic nematode species are found in Pacific Northwest potato fields, and they can potentially cause agronomic damage alone or, in some cases, in conjunction with diseases. Because of interactions with other host crops and pathogens, not to mention fumigant costs, managing the soil‐borne pests requires a combination that may include soil sampling, crop rotation, nematicides, fumigation, and biofumigation. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
High‐speed adaptive analog filter based on fully analog artificial neural network
Authors: Paulů Filip , Hospodka Jiří 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis paper presents an innovative concept of a high‐speed and higher order adaptive filter. A fully analog artificial neural network handles the adaption by using a filter bank for filtering and learning through analog feedback inspired by backpropagation. There is no clock control used in this concept, which makes real‐time adaption possible even for high frequencies. Its functionality is shown by several electrical circuit simulations involving component inaccuracies as well as a commonly used filter example.
Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Hao , Liu Wei , Sun Jiamei , Zhao Mengli , Han Guodong , Pan Qingmin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOvergrazing‐induced grassland degradation has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. The diversity and composition of soil microbial communities are sensitive to grazing disturbances. However, our understanding is limited with respect to the effects of grazing intensity on bacterial and fungal communities, especially in plant rhizosphere. Using a long‐term grazing experiment, we evaluated the diversity and composition of microbial communities in both rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soils under three grazing intensities (light, moderate, and heavy grazing) in a desert grassland and examined the relative roles of grazing‐induced changes in some abiotic and biotic factors in affecting the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Our results showed that soil bacteria differed greatly in diversity and composition between rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere zones, and so did soil fungi. Moderate and heavy grazing significantly reduced the rhizosphere bacterial diversity. Grazing intensity substantially altered the bacterial composition and the fungal composition in both zones but with different mechanisms. While root nitrogen and soil nitrogen played an important role in shaping the rhizosphere bacterial composition, soil‐available phosphorus greatly affected the non‐rhizosphere bacterial composition and the fungal composition in both soils. This study provides direct experimental evidence that the diversity and composition of microbial communities were severely altered by heavy grazing on a desert grassland. Thus, to restore the grazing‐induced, degraded grasslands, we should pay more attention to the conservation of soil microbes in addition to vegetation recovery.
Cascading effects of climate change and wildfire on a subarctic lake: A 20‐year case study of watershed change
Authors: Larsen Amy S. , Rupp Danielle L. , Swanson David K. , Hill Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMean annual air temperature has been increasing in Alaska since the 1970s and is expected to continue to increase through the current century, resulting in significant environmental changes (e.g., permafrost thaw, shifts in vegetation community composition and distribution, increased wildfire frequency and severity). Because there is little long‐term monitoring data available on lake ecosystems in the subarctic it is difficult to predict how lakes will respond. Here we present data from an ~20‐year long‐term lake and climate monitoring program in Interior Alaska. A significant portion of the lake catchment was burned by wildfires in 1986 and again in 2004. As a result, much of the vegetation in the lake catchment was converted from spruce‐dominated forest to deciduous forest, indicating likely permafrost degradation. At a nearby monitoring site absent of fire effects, mean annual ground temperatures at 50 and 90 cm warmed significantly from about −2°C to about −1°C over the 20‐year monitoring period. Warming of similar or greater magnitude is inferred at the study site due to fire effects. Lake water analyses before and after the 2004 fire show a significant postfire increase in dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous that persisted for a short period (~3 years) and was followed by small, but significant, increases in specific conductance and ion concentrations. Approximately 15 years postfire sulfate and cation concentrations in the lake increased exponentially due to the development of a groundwater seep near the lake. The seep likely formed as a result of permafrost thaw creating new subsurface flowpaths in response to long‐term climate warming and fire effects. In 2021, specific conductance and sulfate concentrations reached 657 μS/cm and 71 mg/L respectively, exceeding tolerance thresholds of the water lilyNuphar lutea. In 2021,N. luteabeds that had occupied the lake since 1981 were no longer visible. Depending on local catchment characteristics, source waters and flow paths contributing to small subarctic lakes will continue to evolve uniquely in response to climate change and thawing permafrost. This case study shows the cascading effects of warming soil and wildfires on catchment characteristics as well as terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and lake water chemistry.
Kinetics of the in vivo genotoxic and radioprotective effects of methyl gallate and epigallocatechin gallate
Authors: Cruz‐Vallejo Virginia , Zarco‐Mendoza Anaís , Morales‐Ramírez Pedro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of the in vivo action of equimolar doses of methyl gallate (MG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on their capacity to induce DNA damage and to protect against DNA damage induced by 60Co gamma rays. DNA‐damaged cells were determined by single‐cell gel electrophoresis (comets) in murine peripheral blood leukocytes. The maximum radioprotective effects of MG and EGCG (approximately 70%) occurred at 15 min after administration when their effect was determined 2 min following irradiation. MG and EGCG have similar radioprotective indexes, which due to their fast response indicate that they are involved in free radical scavenging. Due to the similar radioprotective activities of MG and EGCG, the in vivo radioprotective effects of these agents do not seem to be dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures but instead on the presence of the galloyl radical. EGCG induces an early, significant, and persistent increase in the number of DNA‐damaged cells and a later and more important increase in the number of damaged cells, suggesting that it has two mechanisms by which it can induce DNA damage. MG at the same molar dose as EGCG caused a significant and persistent increase in DNA damaged cells but to a much lesser extent to that induce by EGCG, suggesting that the galloyl radical is not involved in the mechanism of DNA breaks induction.
Morphology and anatomy of leaves and vegetative shoots in Calocedrus Kurz (Cupressoideae, Cupressaceae s.str.) in the light of species identification
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin , Rushforth Keith , Hudson Tom , Nimsch Hubertus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdentifying conifers without reproductive structures is often quite difficult. However, the cones are not always available. Thus, species identification has to be done on the base of vegetative structures. Here distinct diagnostic differences are needed to distinguish between the taxa and good macro‐ and micromorphological as well as anatomical features are urgently needed. In this study, the morphology of sterile shoots and the leaf anatomy of the cupressaceous genus Calocedrus were investigated. The study's aim is to find reliable diagnostic features allowing a serious identification of each distinct species in the absence of reproductive structures. A short identification key for all four Calocedrus species was prepared. It includes also the rare C. rupestris, which is missing in most of the previous works, so this gap is closed now. In addition, the study should show which ones are good diagnostic features that might be useful for preparing identification keys on the base of vegetative features also for other scale‐leaved conifers.
Transorbital transposition of the temporoparietal fascia flap to reconstruct the skull base defects: A preclinical study with comparison to the transpterygoid transposition
Authors: Lin Bon‐Jour , Ju Da‐Tong , Hueng Dueng‐Yuan , Chen Yuan‐Hao , Ma Hsin‐I , Liu Ming‐Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranspterygoid transposition of the temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) is a feasible selection for ventral skull base defect (VSBD) reconstruction, but not anterior skull base defect (ASBD) reconstruction, after expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA). The goal of this study is to introduce the transorbital transposition of the TPFF for skull base defects reconstruction after EEEA, and make quantitative comparison between the transpterygoid transposition and transorbital transposition.MethodsCadaveric dissections were performed in five adult cadaveric heads with creating three transporting corridors bilaterally, encompassing superior transorbital corridor, inferior transorbital corridor, and transpterygoid corridor. For each transporting corridor, the minimum necessary length of the TPFF for skull base defects reconstruction was measured.ResultsThe areas of ASBD and VSBD were 1019.63 ± 176.32 mm2 and 572.99 ± 126.21 mm2. The length of the harvested TPFF was 149.38 ± 6.21 mm. In contrast to the transpterygoid transposition with incomplete coverage, transorbital transposition of the TPFF allowed full coverage of ASBD with a minimum necessary length of 109.75 ± 8.31 mm. For VSBD reconstruction, transorbital transposition of the TPFF needs shorter minimum necessary length (123.88 ± 4.49 mm) than transpterygoid transposition (138.00 ± 6.28 mm).ConclusionsTransorbital corridor is a novel pathway for transporting the TPFF into the sinonasal cavity for skull base defects reconstruction after EEEA. In comparison with transpterygoid transposition, transorbital transposition provides wider coverage of skull base defects with a fixed length of the TPFF.
An efficient deep learning algorithm for the segmentation of cardiac ventricles
Authors: Sadhanandan Ciyamala Kushbu , Tharcis Mariapushpam Inbamalar , Suresh Sudha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor the effective diagnosis of cardio vascular disease (CVD), anatomical characteristics of the heart must be examined, which depends on segmenting the cardiac tissues of interest and then classifying them into appropriate pathological groups. In recent years, deep learning (DL)‐based computer aided design (CAD) segmentation has been employed to automate the segmentation process. Despite the evolution of several DL methods, they still fail due to the shape variation of the heart in patients and the availability of a limited amount of data. This paper proposes an effective Saliency and Active Contour‐based Attention UNet3+ algorithm to segment the ventricles of the heart, which is a challenging task for most researchers, especially with an irregularly shaped right ventricle (RV) that varies over cardiac phases. The algorithm outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods in DC metrics, which proves its efficiency in automating the segmentation process.
Accurate thermochemistry at affordable cost by means of an improved version of the JunChS‐F12 model chemistry
Authors: Di Grande S. , Kállay M. , Barone V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe junChS‐F12 composite method has been improved by means of the latest implementation of the CCSD(F12*)(T+) ansatz and validated for the thermochemistry of molecules containing atoms of the first three rows of the periodic table. A thorough benchmark showed that this model, in conjunction with cost‐effective revDSD‐PBEP86‐D3(BJ) reference geometries, offers an optimal compromise between accuracy and computational cost. If improved geometries are sought, the most effective option is to add MP2‐F12 core‐valence correlation corrections to CCSD(T)‐F12b/jun‐cc‐pVTZ geometries without the need of performing any extrapolation to the complete basis set limit. In the same vein, CCSD(T)‐F12b/jun‐cc‐pVTZ harmonic frequencies are remarkably accurate without any additional contribution. Pilot applications to noncovalent intermolecular interactions, conformational landscapes, and tautomeric equilibria confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the model.
Short‐term disuse does not affect postabsorptive or postprandial muscle protein fractional breakdown rates
Authors: Pavis George F. , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B. , Dirks Marlou L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe decline in postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR) does not quantitatively account for muscle atrophy during uncomplicated, short‐term disuse, when atrophy rates are the highest. We sought to determine whether 2 days of unilateral knee immobilization affects mixed muscle protein fractional breakdown rates (FBR) during postabsorptive and simulated postprandial conditions.MethodsTwenty‐three healthy, male participants (age: 22 ± 1 year; height: 179 ± 1 cm; body mass: 73.4 ± 1.5 kg; body mass index 22.8 ± 0.5 kg·m−2) took part in this randomized, controlled study. After 48 h of unilateral knee immobilization, primed continuous intravenous l‐[15N]‐phenylalanine and l‐[ring‐2H5]‐phenylalanine infusions were used for parallel determinations of FBR and FSR, respectively, in a postabsorptive (saline infusion; FAST) or simulated postprandial state (67.5 mg·kg body mass−1·h−1 amino acid infusion; FED). Bilateral m. vastus lateralis biopsies from the control (CON) and immobilized (IMM) legs, and arterialized‐venous blood samples, were collected throughout.ResultsAmino acid infusion rapidly increased plasma phenylalanine (59 ± 9%), leucine (76 ± 5%), isoleucine (109 ± 7%) and valine (42 ± 4%) concentrations in FED only (all P < 0.001), which was sustained for the remainder of infusion. Serum insulin concentrations peaked at 21.8 ± 2.2 mU·L−1 at 15 min in FED only (P < 0.001) and were 60% greater in FED than FAST (P < 0.01). Immobilization did not influence FBR in either FAST (CON: 0.150 ± 0.018; IMM: 0.143 ± 0.017%·h−1) or FED (CON: 0.134 ± 0.012; IMM: 0.160 ± 0.018%·h−1; all effects P > 0.05). However, immobilization decreased FSR (P < 0.05) in both FAST (0.071 ± 0.004 vs. 0.086 ± 0.007%·h−1; IMM vs CON, respectively) and FED (0.066 ± 0.016 vs. 0.119 ± 0.016%·h−1; IMM vs CON, respectively). Consequently, immobilization decreased net muscle protein balance (P < 0.05) and to a greater extent in FED (CON: −0.012 ± 0.025; IMM: −0.095 ± 0.023%·h−1; P < 0.05) than FAST (CON: −0.064 ± 0.020; IMM: −0.072 ± 0.017%·h−1).ConclusionsWe conclude that merely 2 days of leg immobilization does not modulate postabsorptive and simulated postprandial muscle protein breakdown rates. Instead, under these conditions the muscle negative muscle protein balance associated with brief periods of experimental disuse is driven near exclusively by reduced basal muscle protein synthesis rates and anabolic resistance to amino acid administration.
Recent changes in the snow cover characteristics in Poland
Authors: Wibig Joanna , Jędruszkiewicz Joanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSnow cover (SC) is a great indicator of climate change. It is highly related to temperature. Since the Polish climate faces warmer conditions, changes in the wintertime precipitation phase are observed. More frequent rainfall instead of snowfall is noticed at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. This work presents the spatial distribution, its changes, and variabilities of selected parameters that described snow cover in Poland from 1966/1967 to 2020/2021. The snow characteristics used in the study comprise of SC duration (SCD), the first and last day with SC in the season (SCbeg and SCend), the potential duration of SC season (PSCD), SC stability (SCS), average, maximum and accumulated SC depth (HS, HSmax and AHS). The changes in snow cover waves were analysed. Generally, the Polish climate is mild in the west, where the snow cover is finer and occurs relatively rarely and becomes more continental toward the north‐east, where the snow cover has a better condition to accumulate and preserve. The southern parts of the country are covered by mountain ranges of the Carpathians and Sudetes, where the snow cover remains the longest. The spatial distribution of the coefficient of variability is reversely proportional to SC characteristics—the highest in the north‐east (especially for the HS, HSmax and AHS). The most significant changes in SC are related to a decrease in SCD (5–7 days/decade), HSmax (1–2 cm/decade) and AHS (30–60 cm/decade). At the same time, the snow cover season becomes considerably shorter (especially in the western and central parts—about 10 days/decade). The trends in SCS are not yet significant in most of the country. This study reveals that the snow cover in Poland is under constant change, and the negative trends, which were hardly or not visible at the end of the 20th century, in the last decades have become statistically significant in a greater number of Polish stations.
Influence of laser energy density on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of LPBF‐fabricated titanium‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Shi Xiaojie , Ye Xiu , Ren Shuai , Lu Peipei , Wang Yiyao , Wu Meiping , Li Chaoyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a high‐efficiency laser additive manufacturing technology, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has unparalleled advantages in the manufacture of titanium matrix composites. In this work, the effect of laser energy density (LED) on the forming quality, microstructure evolution, and corrosion resistance of LPBF‐fabricated nanographene oxide reinforced titanium matrix nanocomposites (GO/TC4) was investigated. The results show that the optimal surface roughness and relative density of GO/TC4 nanocomposites fabricated by LPBF are 11.8 μm and 99.40%, respectively. The microstructure is mainly acicular α/α′‐Ti, accompanied by a small amount of β‐phase grain boundaries. When the LED is increased to 58.33 J/mm3, the self‐corrosion potential of GO/TC4 sample reaches 0.345 V in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, and the GO/TC458.33 nanocomposite exhibits the highest corrosion resistance. The results revealed that the corrosion products on the surface of the samples were mainly composed of a passivation film of TiO2 and a small amount of Al2O3.
Mean value formulas for classical solutions to uniformly parabolic equations in the divergence form with non‐smooth coefficients
Authors: Malagoli Emanuele , Pallara Diego , Polidoro Sergio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove surface and volume mean value formulas for classical solutions to uniformly parabolic equations in the divergence form with low regularity of the coefficients. We then use them to prove the parabolic strong maximum principle and the parabolic Harnack inequality. We emphasize that our results only rely on the classical theory, and our arguments follow the lines used in the original theory of harmonic functions. We provide two proofs relying on two different formulations of the divergence theorem, one stated for sets withalmostC1‐boundary, the other stated for sets with finite perimeter.
An extension of the complex–real (C–R) calculus to the bicomplex setting, with applications
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Diki Kamal , Vajiac Mihaela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we extend notions of complex ‐calculus to the bicomplex setting and compare the bicomplex polyanalytic function theory to the classical complex case. Applications of this theory include two bicomplex least mean square algorithms, which extend classical real and complex least mean square algorithms.
The effect of a single SMARCA4 exon deletion on RNA splicing: Implications for variant classification
Authors: Byrjalsen Anna , Stoltze Ulrik , Mehrjouy Mana , Frederiksen Jane Hübertz , Bak Mads , Birkedal Ulf , Hasle Henrik , Gerdes Anne‐Marie , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Wadt Karin , Hansen Thomas van Overeem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundExon deletions are generally considered pathogenic, particularly when they are located out of frame. Here, we describe a pediatric, female patient presenting with hypercalcemia and a small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type, and carrying a germline de novo SMARCA4 exon 14 deletion.MethodsThe SMARCA4 deletion was identified by whole genome sequencing, and the effect on the RNA level was examined by gel‐ and capillary electrophoresis and nanopore sequencing.ResultsThe deletion was in silico predicted to be truncating, but RNA analysis revealed two major transcripts with deletion of exon 14 alone or exon 14 through 15, where the latter was located in‐frame. Because the patient's phenotype matched that of other patients with pathogenic germline variants in SMARCA4, the deletion was classified as likely pathogenic.ConclusionWe propose to include RNA analysis in classification of single‐exon deletions, especially if located outside of known functional domains, as this can identify any disparate effects on the RNA and DNA level, which may have implications for variant classification using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.
Do we really need two sessions?: The use of a structured interview as a trauma cue reactivity paradigm
Authors: DeGrace Sarah , Romero‐Sanchiz Pablo , Yakovenko Igor , Barrett Sean P. , Tibbo Philip , Cosman Tessa , Atasoy Pars , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesDerived from classical conditioning theory and rooted in motivational mechanisms, cue reactivity paradigms (CRPs) are used in addictions research to measure participants' propensities for substance‐relevant responses (e.g., craving) during exposure to substance‐relevant cues (e.g., drug paraphernalia). CRPs are also useful in PTSD‐addiction comorbidity research, allowing the study of affective and substance‐relevant responses to trauma cues. However, studies using traditional CRPs are time‐consuming with high attrition rates due to repeat testing. Thus, we sought to test whether a single session semi‐structured trauma interview could serve as a CRP in terms of eliciting theorized cue exposure effects on craving and affect measures.MethodFifty regular cannabis users with trauma histories provided detailed descriptions of their most traumatic lifetime experience, and a neutral experience, according to an established interview protocol. Linear mixed models examined the effect of cue type (trauma vs. neutral) on affective and craving responses.ResultsAs hypothesized, the trauma interview elicited significantly greater cannabis craving (and alcohol craving among the drinkers), and, greater negative affect among those with more severe PTSD symptoms, compared to the neutral interview.ConclusionResults suggest an established semi‐structured interview may function effectively as a CRP for use in trauma and addictions research.