bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying barriers to shared decision‐making about bariatric surgery in two large health systems
Authors: Arterburn David , Tuzzio Leah , Anau Jane , Lewis Cara C. , Williams Neely , Courcoulas Anita , Stilwell Diana , Tavakkoli Ali , Ahmed Bestoun , Wilcox Margie , Fischer Gary S. , Paul Kathleen , Handley Matt , Gupta Anirban , McTigue Kathleen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivePrior research suggests shared decision‐making (SDM) could improve patient and health care provider communication about bariatric surgery. The aim of this work was to identify and prioritize barriers to SDM around bariatric surgery to help guide implementation of SDM.MethodsTwo large US health care systems formed multidisciplinary teams to facilitate the implementation of SDM around bariatric surgery. The teams used a nominal group process approach involving (1) generation of multilevel barriers, (2) round‐robin recording of barriers, (3) facilitated discussion, and (4) selection and ranking of barriers according to importance and feasibility to address.ResultsOne health system identified 13 barriers and prioritized 5 as the most important and feasible to address. The second health system identified 14 barriers and prioritized 6. Both health systems commonly prioritized six barriers: lack of insurance coverage; lack of understanding of insurance coverage; lack of organizational prioritization of SDM; lack of knowledge about bariatric surgery; lack of interdepartmental clarity between primary and specialty care; and limited training on SDM conversations and tools.ConclusionsHealth systems face numerous barriers to SDM around bariatric surgery, and these can be easily identified and prioritized by multistakeholder teams. Future research should seek to identify effective strategies to address these common barriers.
Registration of ‘NemaTAM II’ peanut
Authors: Baring Michael R. , Cason John M. , Burow Mark D. , Simpson C. E. , Chagoya Jennifer , Bennett Brian D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract‘NemaTAM II’ (Reg. no. CV‐152, PI 699122) is a high‐yielding, high‐oleic fatty acid, runner‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar with resistance to root‐knot nematode (RKN). The cultivar was developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research peanut breeding program to provide growers with a nematode resistant replacement option for the former ‘Webb’ cultivar, which had excellent nematode resistance but also had a very large vine size that made harvest difficult for peanut farmers. It was tested under the experimental designation of Tx144342 and was released on 11 Jan. 2021. NemaTAM II maintains the resistance to RKN of Webb, has proven to yield equal to or better than Webb, and has higher grade potential. NemaTAM II has a shorter canopy than Webb, which leads to easier digging and inverting at harvest than its predecessor.
Synthesis of precision poly(1,3‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane alkylene)s via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization
Authors: Cheng Xiang‐Yue , Du Fu‐Sheng , Li Zi‐Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract1,3‐Disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is a rigid, linear, non‐conjugated hydrocarbon unit that is usually transformed from [1.1.1]propellane. This unit has been introduced into drugs as mimics of 1,4‐disubstituted benzene moieties and used as rigid linkers in small‐molecule materials. However, the influence of this unique structure on the polymer properties has only been scarcely investigated. In this work, three symmetrical α,ω‐diene monomers containing one and two BCP units were synthesized for the first time from [1.1.1]propellane. Three types of precise poly(1,3‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane alkylene)s with BCPs located on every 11th and 21st chain carbons were obtained via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization and subsequent hydrogenation. All these polymers show higher thermal stability than linear polyethylene. For polymers containing one BCP moiety in their repeating unit, BCP acts as a defect to distort the PE crystals and decrease the melting temperature of PE. However, the polymer that containing a [2]staffane moiety (two jointed BCP units) in the polymer backbone forms a new crystalline morphology. This work elucidates the impact of BCP units on the thermal and crystallization behavior of PE, providing new insights of utilizing BCP unit to construct new polymer backbone, regulate the packing order of polymers and their properties.
School children growth monitoring program in the state of Qatar: Observations from two survey rounds in 2016–17 and 2019–20
Authors: Al‐Thani Mohammed H. , Alyafei Salah A. , Al‐Mutawa Kholoud A. , Khalifa Shamseldin A. H. , Mishra Amit , Poovelil Benjamin V. , Abdellatif Azza A. , Toumi Amine A. , Kokku Suresh B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionGrowth monitoring surveys provide critical anthropometric data to monitor physical growth and various forms of malnutrition among school age children. In the beginning, growth monitoring programs were introduced to identify the extent of undernutrition among children, which were later considered equally useful in the identification of overweight and obesity among school age children. Observing the shifts in weight categories among school age children provides an important insight to design targeted interventions for improving growth and development of children.MethodologyThe study used growth monitoring survey data among 5–19‐year school children of two academic years (2016–17 and 2019–20) in Qatar where 2016–17 survey included 186,986 students, whereas 2019–20 survey included 215,279 students. A total of 7514 unique records of students aged 5–14 years available in both survey rounds were included in the final analysis. This study documented shift in BMI‐z‐scores to ascertain the movement of students among obese, overweight, normal, thinness, and severe thinness categories. Python version 3.9.5 was used for data analysis along with a pairwise comparison between each of BMI‐z‐score shift to evaluate the effects of specific shifts in BMI‐z‐score category.ResultsOverall, the proportion of overweight and obese category of students increased from 44% in 2016–17 to 49.3% in 2019–20 with a decrease in the proportion of students in normal BMI‐z‐score category (from 48.8% to 47.8%) and severe thinness and thinness category (from 7.3% to 3%) between two rounds of growth monitoring survey. Statistically significant shifts in BMI‐z‐score categories were noted for students of different age groups, gender, and nationality.ConclusionsShift from normal BMI‐z‐score to obese and overweight category is a cause of concern and an opportunity to develop appropriate interventions. The significant shift among different categories needs to be investigated further to identify associated reasons to effectively develop interventions.
Selective Dissolution‐Derived Nanoporous Design of Impurity‐Free Bi2Te3 Alloys with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Lee Seunghyeok , Jung Sung‐Jin , Park Gwang Min , Na Min Young , Kim Kwang‐Chon , Hong Junpyo , Lee Albert S. , Baek Seung‐Hyub , Kim Heesuk , Park Tae Joo , Kim Jin‐Sang , Kim Seong Keun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermoelectric technology, which has been receiving attention as a sustainable energy source, has limited applications because of its relatively low conversion efficiency. To broaden their application scope, thermoelectric materials require a high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT). Porous structuring of a thermoelectric material is a promising approach to enhance ZT by reducing its thermal conductivity. However, nanopores do not form in thermoelectric materials in a straightforward manner; impurities are also likely to be present in thermoelectric materials. Here, a simple but effective way to synthesize impurity‐free nanoporous Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 via the use of nanoporous raw powder, which is scalably formed by the selective dissolution of KCl after collision between Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and KCl powders, is proposed. This approach creates abundant nanopores, which effectively scatter phonons, thereby reducing the lattice thermal conductivity by 33% from 0.55 to 0.37 W m−1 K−1. Benefitting from the optimized porous structure, porous Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 achieves a high ZT of 1.41 in the temperature range of 333–373 K, and an excellent average ZT of 1.34 over a wide temperature range of 298–473 K. This study provides a facile and scalable method for developing high thermoelectric performance Bi2Te3‐based alloys that can be further applied to other thermoelectric materials.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Cellular Uptake of Nanodiamonds by Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Niora Maria , Lerche Mathilde Hauge , Dufva Martin , Berg‐Sørensen Kirstine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with negative nitrogen‐vacancy (NV−) defect centers are great probes for biosensing applications, with potential to act as biomarkers for cell differentiation. To explore this concept, uptake of FNDs (≈120 nm) by THP‐1 monocytes and monocyte‐derived M0‐macrophages is studied. The time course analysis of FND uptake by monocytes confirms differing FND‐cell interactions and a positive time‐dependence. No effect on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation potential into macrophages is observed, while cells saturated with FNDs, unload the FNDs completely by 25 cell divisions and subsequently take up a second dose effectively. FND uptake variations by THP‐1 cells at early exposure‐times indicate differing phagocytic capability. The cell fraction that exhibits relatively enhanced FND uptake is associated to a macrophage phenotype which derives from spontaneous monocyte differentiation. In accordance, chemical‐differentiation of the THP‐1 cells into M0‐macrophages triggers increased and homogeneous FND uptake, depleting the fraction of cells that were non‐responsive to FNDs. These observations imply that FND uptake allows for distinction between the two cell subtypes based on phagocytic capacity. Overall, FNDs demonstrate effective cell labeling of monocytes and macrophages, and are promising candidates for sensing biological processes that involve cell differentiation.
Adolescence as a critical period for nandrolone‐induced muscular strength in relation to abuse liability, alone and in conjunction with morphine, using accumbal dopamine efflux in freely moving rats
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Aono Yuri , Shimba Shigeki , Waddington John L. , Saigusa Tadashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNandrolone, an anabolic androgenic steroid, is included in the prohibited list of the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Drugs of abuse activate brain dopamine neurons and nandrolone has been suspected of inducing dependence. Accordingly, possible critical periods for the effects of nandrolone on muscular strength and dopaminergic activity have been investigated, including the effects of chronically administered nandrolone alone and on morphine‐induced increases in dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens. Six‐ or 10‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. Treatment with nandrolone was initiated in adolescent (6‐week‐old) and young adult (10‐week‐old) rats. Nandrolone (5.0 mg/kg s.c.) or sesame oil vehicle was given once daily, on six consecutive days per week, for 3 weeks and then once per day for 4 consecutive days. Nandrolone enhanced the developmental increase in grip strength of 6‐ but not 10‐week‐old rats, without altering the developmental increase in body weight of either age group. Using in vivo microdialysis in freely moving 6‐week‐old rats given nandrolone for 4 weeks, basal accumbal dopamine efflux was unaltered, while the increase in dopamine efflux induced by acute administration of morphine (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) was reduced. The present study provides in vivo evidence that adolescence constitutes a critical period during which repeated administration of nandrolone enhances increases in muscular strength without influencing increases in body weight. Though repeated administration of nandrolone during this period of adolescence did not stimulate in vivo mesolimbic dopaminergic activity, it disrupted stimulation by an opioid, the drug class that is most commonly coabused with nandrolone.
Graph neural networks for conditional de novo drug design
Authors: Abate Carlo , Decherchi Sergio , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrug design is costly in terms of resources and time. Generative deep learning techniques are using increasing amounts of biochemical data and computing power to pave the way for a new generation of tools and methods for drug discovery and optimization. Although early methods used SMILES strings, more recent approaches use molecular graphs to naturally represent chemical entities. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are learning models that can natively process graphs. The use of GNNs in drug discovery is growing exponentially. GNNs for drug design are often coupled with conditioning techniques to steer the generation process towards desired chemical and biological properties. These conditioned graph‐based generative models and frameworks hold promise for the routine application of GNNs in drug discovery.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Data Science > Chemoinformatics
Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
The B anomalies, the U1 leptoquark and dark matter
Authors: Bélanger Geneviève , Kumar Jacky , London David , Pukhov Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present-day B-anomalies involving b → sμ+μ− or b → cτ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

transitions can all be explained with the addition of a vector U1 leptoquark with a mass of $$ {M}_{U_1} $$

M

U
1

≳ 1.8 TeV. In the scalar singlet dark matter model (SSDMM), the DM is a scalar S that couples to the Higgs via λhSS2|H|2. We update the fit to the data and find that the SSDMM is now viable only for MS ≳ 1.6 TeV. In this paper, we assume that the DM also couples to the U1 via $$ {\lambda}_{U_1S}{S}^2{U}_{1\mu}^{\dagger }{U}_1^{\mu } $$

λ

U
1

S

S
2

U

1
μ

†

U
1
μ

. In addition to leading to DM annihilation via SS →$$ {U}_1{\overline{U}}_1 $$

U
1

U
¯

1

, this coupling generates SSgg and SSγγ couplings at one loop. Although naively divergent, these loop diagrams can be calculated under the assumption that the U1 is a gauge boson of a group broken at the TeV scale. With this DM-U1 coupling term, there are additional contributions to the various DM observables (relic density, direct and indirect detection). We find that the constraints on the SSDMM are relaxed for both heavy DM (MS ≳ $$ {M}_{U_1} $$

M

U
1

) and light DM (MS<$$ {M}_{U_1} $$

M

U
1

).
How arbitrary are perturbative calculations of the electroweak phase transition?
Authors: Athron Peter , Balázs Csaba , Fowlie Andrew , Morris Lachlan , White Graham , Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the extent to which perturbative calculations of the electroweak phase transition are arbitrary and uncertain, owing to their gauge, renormalisation scale and scheme dependence, as well as treatments of the Goldstone catastrophe and daisy diagrams. Using the complete parameter space of the Standard Model extended by a real scalar singlet with a ℤ2 symmetry as a test, we explore the properties of the electroweak phase transition in general Rξ and covariant gauges, OS and $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

renormalisation schemes, and for common treatments of the Goldstone catastrophe and daisy diagrams. Reassuringly, we find that different renormalisation schemes and different treatments of the Goldstone catastrophe and daisy diagrams typically lead to only modest changes in predictions for the critical temperature and strength of the phase transition. On the other hand, the gauge and renormalisation scale dependence may be significant, and often impact the existence of the phase transition altogether.
Yaw attitudes for BDS-3 IGSO and MEO satellites: estimation, validation and modeling with intersatellite link observations
Authors: Yang Chao , Guo Jing , Zhao Qile 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreviously disclosed satellite metadata, as well as previous estimations using the reverse kinematic precise point positioning approach with L-band data, have already demonstrated the use of a continuous yaw-steering model by the BDS-3 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) in deep eclipse periods instead of the orbit-normal mode. However, the yaw model has not been validated for MEO satellites manufactured by the Shanghai Engineering Center of Microsatellites (SECM), as the horizontal phase center offsets are close to zero. Moreover, the attitude model has also not been confirmed for BDS-3 Inclined Geostationary Orbit (IGSO) satellites. In this study, the intersatellite link (ISL) data are used to estimate the yaw angles of BDS-3 IGSO and MEO satellites with an accuracy of approximately 3.0° to investigate their yaw behaviors, particularly in deep eclipse periods. The estimates confirm that the IGSO and MEO satellites from CAST show the same yaw behaviors, while the SECM MEO satellites do not fully comply with the attitude law published by the China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO). The attitude transition deviates from that predicted by the CSNO yaw law and occurs when the elevation angle of the Sun above the orbital plane ($$\beta $$
β
-angle) crosses 0° and the absolute value of the yaw angle is no more than 5°. The transition is completed within three to five minutes at a rate of approximately 0.055°/s. A model is proposed to predict these behaviors, and the ISL residuals return to normal levels and become more stable adjacent to midnight and noon points when the yaw models are used.
Dominant changes in centre Fe atom of decamethyl-ferrocene from ferrocene in methylation
Authors: Wang Feng , Chantler Christopher T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStaggered decamethyl-ferrocene (*Fc) becomes the lower energy conformer at low temperature, whereas the eclipsed conformer of ferrocene (Fc) is more stable. The powerful infrared (IR) spectroscopy which has remarkably provided signatures of ferrocene (Fc) in eclipsed and staggered conformers recently is employed to investigate methylation of Fc. The most significant consequences of the full methylation of Fc in the IR spectra are the blue shift of the band at ~ 800 cm−1 in Fc to ~ 1500 cm−1 in *Fc, and the enhancement of the C–H stretch band at ~ 3200 cm−1 region in *Fc. Further analysis reveals large impact of Fc methylation on core electron energies of the centre Fe atom (1s22s22p63s23p6). The Fe core electron energy changes can be as large as ~ 10 kcal mol−1 and are directional—the Fe 2pz and 3pz orbitals along the *Cp–Fe–*Cp axis (Cp centroids, vertical) change more strongly than other Fe core electrons in px and py orbitals. The directional inner shell energy changes are evidenced by larger inner shell reorganization energy. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) indicates that methyl groups in *Fc apparently change the physical energy components with respect to Fc. The large steric energy of *Fc evidences that the closest hydrogens on adjacent methyl groups of the same *Cp ring in crystal structure are 0.2–0.4 Å closer than the hydrogens on nearest-neighbour methyl groups on opposing rings in *Fc. A significant increase in Pauli repulsive energy contributes to the large repulsive steric energy in *Fc.
Variation of body weight supported treadmill training parameters during a single session can modulate muscle activity patterns in post-stroke gait
Authors: Srivastava Shraddha , Seamon Bryant A. , Patten Carolynn , Kautz Steven A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence supporting the benefits of locomotor training (LT) to improve walking ability following stroke are inconclusive and could likely be improved with a better understanding of the effects of individual parameters i.e., body weight support (BWS), speed, and therapist assistance and their interactions with walking ability and specific impairments. We evaluated changes in muscle activity of thirty-seven individuals with chronic stroke (> 6 months), in response to a single session of LT at their self-selected or fastest-comfortable speed (FS) with three levels of BWS (0%, 15%, and 30%), and at FS with 30% BWS and seven different combinations of therapist assistance at the paretic foot, non-paretic foot, and trunk. Altered Muscle Activation Pattern (AMAP), a previously developed tool in our lab was used to evaluate the effects of LT parameter variation on eight lower-extremity muscle patterns in individuals with stroke. Repeated-measures mixed-model ANOVA was used to determine the effects of speed, BWS, and their interaction on AMAP scores. The Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to determine the effects of therapist-assisted conditions on AMAP scores. Increased BWS mostly improved lower-extremity muscle activity patterns, but increased speed resulted in worse plantar flexor activity. Abnormal early plantar flexor activity during stance decreased with assistance at trunk and both feet, exaggerated plantar flexor activity during late swing decreased with assistance to the non-paretic foot or trunk, and diminished gluteus medius activity during stance increased with assistance to paretic foot and/or trunk. Therefore, different sets of training parameters have different immediate effects on activation patterns of each muscle and gait subphases.
Low dose pediatric chest computed tomography on a photon counting detector system – initial clinical experience
Authors: Tsiflikas Ilias , Thater Greta , Ayx Isabelle , Weiss Jakob , Schaefer Juergen , Stein Thomas , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Weis Meike 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
With the clinical release of a photon counting detector-based computed tomography (CT) system, the potential benefits of this new technology need to be evaluated clinically. Literature concerning this new generation of detector is sparse, especially in the field of pediatric radiology. Therefore, this study outlines our initial experience with ultra-low dose chest CT imaging on the new photon counting CT system.

Materials and methods
A pediatric phantom (1-year old, CIRS ATOM phantom, model 704 [CIRS-computerized imaging reference system, Norfolk, VA]) was scanned at different dose levels and different image quality levels to define a protocol for clinical examinations. Next, 20 consecutive pediatric non-contrast ultra-low dose chest CT examinations were evaluated for radiation dose and diagnostic image quality using a 4-point Likert-scale—1 = excellent, 4 = bad image quality—by two radiologists in a consensus reading. This retrospective analysis was approved by the local research ethics committee.

Results
Chest CT examinations performed at ultra-low radiation dose (effective dose 0.19 ± 0.07 mSv; size-specific dose estimate 0.45 ± 0.14 mGy) in pediatric patients ages (2.6 ± 1.8 years) show good to excellent image quality for lung structures (1.4 ± 0.4) and moderate image quality for soft tissue structures (2.8 ± 0.2).

Conclusion
Pediatric ultra-low dose chest CT examinations are feasible with the new generation photon counting detector-based CT system. The benefits of this technology must be evaluated for pediatric patients from the outset.