bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly diagnosed cirrhosis secondary to gastrointestinal bleed due to portal hypertensive colopathy
Authors: Sabat Nestor , Schulze Bettina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPortal hypertensive colopathy (PHC) is a colonic phenomenon commonly causing chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or less commonly a life-threatening acute colonic hemorrhage. An otherwise well, 58-year-old female presents general surgeons a diagnostic dilemma for symptomatic anemia. An interesting case where the rare and elusive PHC was diagnosed on colonoscopy, which led to the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis without evidence of oesophageal varices. Although PHC is most common in patients with cirrhosis, it is likely still underdiagnosed, given the current stepwise treatment approach of these cirrhotic patients often leads to treatment of the PHC alongside PHG without establishing a diagnosis. Instead, this case presents a generalised approach to patients with underlying portal and sinusoidal hypertension due to a variety of causes, and the endoscopic and radiological findings, which lead to their successful diagnosis and medical management of the gastrointestinal bleeding.
Fabricating the Fall of Satan: Revelation 12:7–9 and its Interpretation in Early Christianity
Authors: Cardozo Mindiola Cristian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Some interpreters understand Rev. 12:7–9 as a depiction of (1) a primeval literal war between Michael and Satan that resulted in the subsequent expulsion of Satan from heaven or (2) Satan’s defeat (represented metaphorically as an expulsion) at Jesus’ death. Although these interpretations are common in contemporary exegetical works, early interpreters of Revelation explained these verses differently. This prompts the question of who were the innovative interpreters who first read the texts as we do today? Accordingly, tracing a history of interpretation of the passage, in this article I will argue that (1) Oecumenius was the first interpreter who understood Rev. 12:7–9 as a portrayal of a primeval war between Michael and Satan which resulted in the expulsion of the devil from heaven because of his pride and apostasy. (2) Oecumenius did not reach this conclusion by exegeting Rev. 12:7–9. Rather, he connected traditional patristic exegesis and reflection on Satan—condensed mainly from interpretations of texts like Ezek. 28:11–19, Isa. 14:12–15, and Luke 10:18—with Revelation 12. (3) Andrew of Caesarea not only replicated Oecumenius’ exegesis of the pericope but argued that this passage also portrayed Satan’s defeat at the cross of Jesus, due to the influence of the patristic exegesis of John 12:31. (4) Given that Andrew’s commentary was widely copied (whereas Oecumenius’ was not), Andrew is ultimately the catalyst for the dissemination of Oecumenius’ exegesis of this pericope as well as his own. (5) Therefore, Oecumenius and Andrew are the originators of the explanations of Rev. 12:7–9 present in many contemporary exegetical works.
Rapid CO2 changes cause oscillations in photosynthesis that implicate PSI acceptor-side limitations
Authors: McClain Alan M , Sharkey Thomas D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Oscillations in CO2 assimilation rate and associated fluorescence parameters have been observed alongside the triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation of photosynthesis for nearly 50 years. However, the mechanics of these oscillations are poorly understood. Here we utilize the recently developed dynamic assimilation techniques (DATs) for measuring the rate of CO2 assimilation to increase our understanding of what physiological condition is required to cause oscillations. We found that TPU-limiting conditions alone were insufficient, and that plants must enter TPU limitation quickly to cause oscillations. We found that ramps of CO2 caused oscillations proportional in strength to the speed of the ramp, and that ramps induce oscillations with worse outcomes than oscillations induced by step change of CO2 concentration. An initial overshoot is caused by a temporary excess of available phosphate. During the overshoot, the plant outperforms steady-state TPU and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration limitations of photosynthesis, but cannot exceed the rubisco limitation. We performed additional optical measurements which support the role of PSI reduction and oscillations in availability of NADP+ and ATP in supporting oscillations.
Maize WRKY28 interacts with the DELLA protein D8 to affect skotomorphogenesis and participates in the regulation of shade avoidance and plant architecture
Authors: Zhang Ze , Chen Limei , Yu Jingjuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Competition for light from neighboring vegetation can trigger the shade-avoidance response (SAR) in plants, which is detrimental to their yield. The molecular mechanisms regulating SAR are well established in Arabidopsis, and some regulators of skotomorphogenesis have been found to be involved in the regulation of the SAR and plant architecture. However, the role of WRKY transcription factors in this process has rarely been reported, especially in maize (Zea mays). Here, we report that maize Zmwrky28 mutants exhibit shorter mesocotyls in etiolated seedlings. Molecular and biochemical analyses demonstrate that ZmWRKY28 directly binds to the promoter regions of the Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) gene ZmSAUR54 and the Phytochrome-Interacting Factor (PIF) gene ZmPIF4.1 to activate their expression. In addition, the maize DELLA protein Dwarf Plant8 (D8) interacts with ZmWRKY28 in the nucleus to inhibit its transcriptional activation activity. We also show that ZmWRKY28 participates in the regulation of the SAR, plant height, and leaf rolling and erectness in maize. Taken together, our results reveal that ZmWRKY28 is involved in GA-mediated skotomorphogenic development and can be used as a potential target to regulate SAR for breeding of high-density-tolerant cultivars.
A transnational social contract: Social protection policies toward Non-Resident Keralites
Authors: Burmeister-Rudolph Mira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe migration process raises a set of migration-related risks and vulnerabilities, yet recognizing these as collective problems is paramount to formulating public policy responses. As one of the first subnational states globally, the South Indian state Kerala has institutionalized various social protection policies toward emigrants and returned migrants under the department of Non-Resident Keralites’ Affairs (NORKA) and its implementation agency NORKA ROOTS. Taking the case of Kerala, this article investigates why subnational states recognize their international emigrants and return migrants as deserving of social protection provisions. Subnational states matter as they are sites of diaspora identification, and it is where migration’s consequences, such as emigrants’ philanthropic development projects and the reintegration of returned migrants, unfold. At the same time, they have less legislative and infrastructural power than federal states in engaging with emigrants and destination countries. By drawing on original data, the article argues that (returned) emigrants’ access to social protection schemes is built on understandings of deservingness based on a combination of protection rationales and economic rationales, rooted in Kerala’s specific developmental and identity discourse. The study demonstrates that despite subnational states having limited institutional capabilities compared with federal states, they are essential stakeholders in articulating transnational social protection policies.
Two-dimensional (n = 1) ferroelectric film solar cells
Authors: Wang Chen , Gu Jiahao , Li Jun , Cai Jianyu , Li Lutao , Yao Junjie , Lu Zheng , Wang Xiaohan , Zou Guifu 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Molecular ferroelectrics that have excellent ferroelectric properties, a low processing temperature, narrow bandgap, and which are lightweight, have shown great potential in the photovoltaic field. However, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells with high tunability, excellent photo-physical properties and superior long-term stability are limited by poor out-of-plane conductivity from intrinsic multi-quantum-well electronic structures. This work uses 2D molecular ferroelectric film as the absorbing layer to break the limit of multiple quantum wells. Our 2D ferroelectric solar cells achieve the highest open-circuit voltage (1.29 V) and the best efficiency (3.71%) among the 2D (n = 1) Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells due to the enhanced out-of-plane charge transport induced by molecular ferroelectrics with a strong saturation polarization, high Curie temperature and multiaxial characteristics. This work aims to break the inefficient out-of-plane charge transport caused by the limit of the multi-quantum-well electronic structure and improve the efficiency of 2D ferroelectric solar cells.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mendes Marcela M , Gomes Anna P O , Araújo Maísa M , Coelho Alexandre S G , Carvalho Kênia M B , Botelho Patrícia B 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContextVitamin D deficiency is considered a global public health issue, even in low-latitude countries where there is abundant sunlight radiation. Nevertheless, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in the South American continent has not been well characterized.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxy-calciferol &lt; 20 ng/mL) in South American populations.Data SourcesSeven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched systematically for observational studies published before July 1, 2021, and reporting vitamin D status of healthy adults in South America.Data ExtractionData were extracted using a standardized form. Risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence. All steps were conducted independently by two authors. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted (R software).Data AnalysisOf 9460 articles identified, 96 studies with a total of 227 758 participants were included. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 34.76% (79 studies; 95%CI, 29.68–40.21; I2 = 99%). There were significant differences in prevalence rates related to age, sex, country, latitude, season, and year of publication.ConclusionThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unexpectedly elevated in South American populations. Public health strategies should include efforts to prevent, detect, and treat vitamin D deficiency.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42020169439.
The Development of the Oncology Center of Excellence Patient-Friendly Language Glossary of Oncology Clinical Trial Terms
Authors: Krol Danielle , Kim Janice , Gao Jennifer , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Beaver Julia A , Kluetz Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Oncology clinical trials terms and definitions have become increasingly complex, which has led to shortcomings among research staff and healthcare providers in informing clinical trial participants with the study results and consenting procedures in simple language. Understanding oncology clinical trial terms is of critical importance to assist patients and caregivers in making cancer treatment decisions, including enrollment into clinical trials. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Oncology Center of Excellence (OCE) organized a physician and patient advocate-led focus group, with the primary goal of publishing a patient-centric public glossary of select cancer clinical trial terms for healthcare providers, patients, and caregivers. This commentary reports the results of the focus group sessions that gave FDA OCE valuable insights into how patients perceive clinical trial terms and how oncology clinical trial definitions can be improved to effectively communicate information to the patients to make better informed decisions about their treatment options.
Regulation of capsule spine formation in castor
Authors: Liu Yueying , Wang Xinyu , Li Zongjian , Tu Jing , Lu Ya-nan , Hu Xiaohang , Zhang Qingzhu , Zheng Zhimin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is a dicotyledonous oilseed crop that can have either spineless or spiny capsules. Spines are protuberant structures that differ from thorns or prickles. The developmental regulatory mechanisms governing spine formation in castor or other plants have remained largely unknown. Herein, using map-based cloning in 2 independent F2 populations, F2-LYY5/DL01 and F2-LYY9/DL01, we identified the RcMYB106 (myb domain protein 106) transcription factor as a key regulator of capsule spine development in castor. Haplotype analyses demonstrated that either a 4,353-bp deletion in the promoter or a single nucleotide polymorphism leading to a premature stop codon in the RcMYB106 gene could cause the spineless capsule phenotype in castor. Results of our experiments indicated that RcMYB106 might target the downstream gene RcWIN1 (WAX INDUCER1), which encodes an ethylene response factor known to be involved in trichome formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to control capsule spine development in castor. This hypothesis, however, remains to be further tested. Nevertheless, our study reveals a potential molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the spine capsule trait in a nonmodel plant species.
Satisfaction with Democracy: A Review of a Major Public Opinion Indicator
Authors: Singh Shane P , Mayne Quinton 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSatisfaction with democracy (SWD) is one of the most commonly studied topics in the fields of political behavior and public opinion. Gauged with a survey question that asks respondents whether they are satisfied with the way democracy works, SWD has featured as an independent or dependent variable in more than 400 publications. In this Synthesis, we review the evolution and findings of this nearly 50-year-old body of literature, identifying gaps and disagreements. We pay particular attention to issues of measurement and conceptualization, research methodology, and real-world importance. We conclude by highlighting critical areas of future research, including continued investigation into the measurement of SWD and what the question captures, more qualitative and (quasi-)experimental work, more focus on emotions and extreme (dis)satisfaction, and greater geographic coverage.
Visualization software for radioactive contamination based on Compton camera: COMRIS
Authors: Sato Yuki , Minemoto Kojiro , Nemoto Makoto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Identifying and visualizing the radiation source location are important in reducing the radiation exposure of workers at the decommissioning site of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and in improving the radiation protection functions in other sites where radiation sources are handled. In this paper, we developed the COMpton camera for Radiation Imaging System (COMRIS) to identify and visualize the radiation source location in 3D using output data from a Compton camera and a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) device as input data. Here, we presented COMRIS to visualize a 137Cs-radiation source in a dark environment using data acquired by a commercial Compton camera and a LiDAR-based SLAM device mounted on a robot as input data. The radiation source image obtained using the Compton camera was drawn on the 3D work environment model acquired by the SLAM device, and the radiation source location was visible in 3D.
Pain specialist management of sexual pain–IV. Pharmacological
Authors: Vogel John J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe biopsychosocial model of care for women with sexual pain is a widely endorsed approach which includes pharmacologic treatments.ObjectivesIn this study we formulated a summary of current pharmacologic treatments for female sexual pain within a chronic pain paradigm and reviewed evidence for existing pharmacologic treatments and present promising treatment approaches.MethodsInternet, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles on female sexual pain within the clinical purview and scope of practice of pain management.ResultsA thorough review of the literature was conducted to include basic science studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, consensus statements, and case-reports. An effort was made to also include a sampling of information on real-world patient self-directed therapies. The level of evidence for most pharmacologic therapies for female sexual pain is low. Results of clinical studies were summarized for a variety of sexual pain causes. The evidence for the use of topical and oral pharmacologic treatment strategies for sexual pain were reviewed.ConclusionPharmacologic modalities play a significant role in treating female sexual pain, providing options to women as a part of multimodal care. Despite low evidence levels, current and novel treatment options have good safety and tolerability. Pain specialists can provide consultation on pharmacologic strategies to improve the care of women with chronic sexual pain.
The Assistive Benefits of Remote Microphone Technology for Normal Hearing Children With Listening Difficulties
Authors: Shiels Lucy , Tomlin Dani , Rance Gary 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
Children often present with listening difficulties (LiD) but with normal sound detection thresholds. These children are susceptible to learning challenges, and struggle with the suboptimal acoustics of standard classrooms. Remote microphone technology (RMT) is one way to improve the listening environment. The aim of this study was to determine the assistive potential of RMT for speech identification and attention skills in children with LiD, and to investigate whether the benefits obtained by these children were greater than for those with no listening concerns.

Design:
A total of 28 children with LiD and 10 control participants with no listening concerns aged 6 to 12 years were included in this study. Children attended two laboratory-based testing sessions, where their speech intelligibility and attention skills were behaviorally assessed with and without the use of RMT.

Results:
There were significant improvements in speech identification and attention skills when RMT was used. For the LiD group, use of the devices improved speech intelligibility to being comparable or better than control abilities without RMT. Auditory attention scores also improved from being poorer than controls without RMT to comparable to control performance with device assistance.

Conclusions:
Use of RMT was found to have a positive effect on both speech intelligibility and attention. RMT should be considered a viable option for addressing common behavioral symptoms of LiD, including for the many children that present with concerns of inattentiveness.
Novel Machine Vision Image Guidance System Significantly Reduces Procedural Time and Radiation Exposure Compared With 2-dimensional Fluoroscopy-based Guidance in Pediatric Deformity Surgery
Authors: Comstock Christopher P. , Wait Eric 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Intraoperative 2-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy imaging has been commonly adopted for guidance during complex pediatric spinal deformity correction. Despite the benefits, fluoroscopy imaging emits harmful ionizing radiation, which has been well-established to have deleterious effects on the surgeon and operating room staff. This study investigated the difference in intraoperative fluoroscopy time and radiation exposure during pediatric spine surgery between 2D fluoroscopy-based navigation and a novel machine vision navigation system [machine vision image guidance system (MvIGS)].

Methods:
This retrospective chart review was conducted at a pediatric hospital with patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion for spinal deformity correction from 2018 to 2021. Patient allocation to the navigation modality was determined by the date of their surgery and the date of implementation of the MvIGS. Both modalities were the standard of care. Intraoperative radiation exposure was collected from the fluoroscopy system reports.

Results:
A total of 1442 pedicle screws were placed in 77 children: 714 using MvIGS and 728 using 2D fluoroscopy. There were no significant differences in the male-to-female ratio, age range, body mass index, distribution of spinal pathologies, number of levels operated on, types of levels operated on, and the number of pedicle screws implanted. Total intraoperative fluoroscopy time was significantly reduced in cases utilizing MvIGS (18.6 ± 6.3 s) compared with 2D fluoroscopy (58.5 ± 19.0 s) (P < 0.001). This represents a relative reduction of 68%. Intraoperative radiation dose area product and cumulative air kerma were reduced by 66% (0.69 ± 0.62 vs 2.0 ± 2.1 Gycm2, P < 0.001) and 66% (3.4 ± 3.2 vs 9.9 ± 10.5 mGy, P < 0.001) respectively. The length of stay displayed a decreasing trend with MVIGS, and the operative time was significantly reduced in MvIGS compared with 2D fluoroscopy for an average of 63.6 minutes (294.5 ± 15.5 vs 358.1 ± 60.6 min, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In pediatric spinal deformity correction surgery, MvIGS was able to significantly reduce intraoperative fluoroscopy time, intraoperative radiation exposure, and total surgical time, compared with traditional fluoroscopy methods. MvIGS reduced the operative time by 63.6 minutes and reduced intraoperative radiation exposure by 66%, which may play an important role in reducing the risks to the surgeon and operating room staff associated with radiation in spinal surgery procedures.

Level of Evidence:
Level III; retrospective comparative study.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Open Hand Fractures in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Parrado Raphael H. , Foster Lukas , Gilbert Megan , Movtchan Nellie , Sayrs Lois , Khoury Emily , Ballan Wassim , Schaub Timothy 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Open hand fractures are one of the most common injuries in the pediatric population. These injuries are at higher risk of infection, especially in cases of frank contamination. Several studies on adult hand fractures are available in the literature; however, pediatric open hand fractures have yet to be extensively studied. This study aimed to define pediatric open hand fracture’s demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns.

Methods:
Using the Protected Health Information database, pediatric patients (<18 y old) with the diagnosis of open hand fracture from June 2016 to June 2018 were extracted. Demographic, treatment, and follow-up data were collected. Clinical outcomes included readmission and postoperative infection rates.

Results:
There were a total of 4516 patients who met the inclusion criteria; the median age was 7 years (interquartile range: 3 to 11); 60% males; 60% white. Displaced fractures occurred in 74% of patients, with the right hand (52%) and middle finger (27%) predominance. The most common mechanism of injury was a crushing injury in-between objects (56%). Associated nerve injury occurred in 78 patients (4%) and vascular injury in 43 patients (2%). Open reduction and internal fixation were performed in 30% of patients. Cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (73%), followed by aminopenicillins (7%). Nine patients had complications related to surgical intervention (0.2%), and postoperative infection occurred in 44 patients (1%).

Conclusions:
Pediatric open hand fractures most often occur during childhood and more frequently in males. These fractures tend to be more distal and displaced; reduction and fixation are required in one-third of the cases. Despite the absence of treatment guidelines and variability, this injury exhibits low complication rates.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective study.