bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics-Based Sonic IR Crack Length Estimation using Thermal Images Alone
Authors: Abu-Nabah Bassam A. , Al-Said Samer M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The absence of analytical solutions describing a crack frictional heat generation and diffusion in sonic infrared (IR) inspection technology makes it rather difficult to estimate a crack length from thermal images alone. This study presents the recent development in theoretical-based techniques assuming uniform, arbitrary and point frictional heat generation functions along the crack and how they lend themselves for crack length estimation. The different forward heat diffusion models are validated in close comparison with finite element (FE) simulations for different heat generation functions. Moreover, the capability in retrieving a crack arbitrary heat generation function and estimating a crack length from simulated thermal images alone is validated with and without the virtual addition of thermal noise. It demonstrates the benefits of applying the principle of superposition of predefined heat generation functions due to the linearity in the governing heat diffusion model while retrieving the heat generation function from thermal images. Targeting a peak temperature change between 0.2 and 1.6 K with the addition of different random noise levels for different crack lengths can deliver up to 20% uncertainty in crack length estimation at 95% confidence level. The application of the proposed point heat generation function along the crack underestimated a crack length by 10% over independently measured sonic IR thermal images. This illustrates the benefits and potential capabilities from advancing this approach in the future.
Supplemental Material: Cenozoic slip along the southern Sierra Nevada normal fault, California (USA): A long-lived stable western boundary of the Basin and Range
Authors: Lee J. , al. et 
Published: February 2023

<p>File S1: Provides a description of (U-Th)/He analytical techniques and (U-Th)/He analytical results. Table S1: AHe analytical techniques and raw and reduced (U-Th[Sm]/He data results. </p>
Exploring participants’ perspectives on adverse events due to resistance training: a qualitative study
Authors: El-Kotob Rasha , Pagcanlungan Justin R. , Craven B. Catharine , Sherrington Catherine , Mourtzakis Marina , Giangregorio Lora M. 
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and perspectives of individuals with chronic health conditions who had an adverse event (AE) as a result of resistance training (RT). We conducted web conference or telephone-based one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 12 participants with chronic health conditions who had an AE as a result of RT. Interview data were analyzed using the thematic framework method. Six themes were identified: (1) personal experiences with aging influence perceptions of RT; (2) physical and emotional consequences of AEs limit activities and define future RT participation; (3) injury recovery defines the severity of AE; (4) health conditions influence the perceived risks and benefits of participating in RT; (5) RT setting and trained supervision influence exercise behaviors and risk perceptions; and (6) experiencing a previous AE influences future exercise behavior. Despite participant awareness of the value and benefits of RT in both the context of aging and chronic health conditions, there is concern about experiencing exercise-related AEs. The perceived risks of RT influenced the participants’ decision to engage or return to RT. Consequently, to promote RT participation, the risks, not just the benefits, should be properly reported in future studies, translated, and disseminated to the public. Novelty: –To increase the quality of published research with respect to AE reporting in RT studies. –Health care providers and people with common health conditions will be able to make evidence-based decisions as to whether the benefits of RT truly outweigh the risks.
A publicidade testemunhal de medicamentos difundida por influenciadores digitais e seu enquadramento no direito luso-brasileiro
Authors: Amorim Ana Clara Azevedo de 
Published: February 2023

A indústria farmacêutica tem encontrado novas técnicas para promover os medicamentos isentos de prescrição médica junto do público geral. Neste contexto, a publicidade testemunhal permite incrementar a credibilidade da mensagem, ficando o seu enquadramento dependente da categoria do emissor nos ordenamentos jurídicos português e brasileiro. Adotando uma perspectiva de direito comparado, o presente trabalho visou analisar a publicidade testemunhal, com especial enfoque nos depoimentos veiculados por influenciadores digitais que recomendam o consumo de medicamentos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, assente no levantamento bibliográfico e legislativo, bem como na análise detalhada de decisões dos organismos de autorregulação competentes, tanto em Portugal como no Brasil. Concluiu-se que alguns influenciadores digitais podem ser considerados pessoas famosas, e não meros consumidores, o que determina a ilicitude da publicidade difundida, atenta a necessidade de acautelar a objetividade e o uso racional dos medicamentos. No entanto, resultou das decisões analisadas uma abordagem tradicional destas novas técnicas de promoção de medicamentos, centrada ainda nas menções obrigatórias e nos princípios gerais vigentes em matéria de publicidade.
Heterogeneity in Neuronal Dynamics Is Learned by Gradient Descent for Temporal Processing Tasks
Authors: Winston Chloe N. , Mastrovito Dana , Shea-Brown Eric , Mihalas Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndividual neurons in the brain have complex intrinsic dynamics that are highly diverse. We hypothesize that the complex dynamics produced by networks of complex and heterogeneous neurons may contribute to the brain's ability to process and respond to temporally complex data. To study the role of complex and heterogeneous neuronal dynamics in network computation, we develop a rate-based neuronal model, the generalized-leaky-integrate-and-fire-rate (GLIFR) model, which is a rate equivalent of the generalized-leaky-integrate-and-fire model. The GLIFR model has multiple dynamical mechanisms, which add to the complexity of its activity while maintaining differentiability. We focus on the role of after-spike currents, currents induced or modulated by neuronal spikes, in producing rich temporal dynamics. We use machine learning techniques to learn both synaptic weights and parameters underlying intrinsic dynamics to solve temporal tasks. The GLIFR model allows the use of standard gradient descent techniques rather than surrogate gradient descent, which has been used in spiking neural networks. After establishing the ability to optimize parameters using gradient descent in single neurons, we ask how networks of GLIFR neurons learn and perform on temporally challenging tasks, such as sequential MNIST. We find that these networks learn diverse parameters, which gives rise to diversity in neuronal dynamics, as demonstrated by clustering of neuronal parameters. GLIFR networks have mixed performance when compared to vanilla recurrent neural networks, with higher performance in pixel-by-pixel MNIST but lower in line-by-line MNIST. However, they appear to be more robust to random silencing. We find that the ability to learn heterogeneity and the presence of after-spike currents contribute to these gains in performance. Our work demonstrates both the computational robustness of neuronal complexity and diversity in networks and a feasible method of training such models using exact gradients.
Episodic foresight is impaired following acute alcohol intoxication
Authors: Elliott Morgan , Terrett Gill , Curran H Valerie , Rendell Peter G , Henry Julie D 
Published: February 2023

Background: Alcohol intoxication disrupts many aspects of cognition, including the generation of phenomenological characteristics of future events (a component of episodic foresight), and the execution of directed preparatory behaviours (a component of prospective memory). However, no study has tested whether alcohol intoxication is also associated with deficits engaging episodic foresight to guide future-directed behaviour. Aims: This study was designed to provide the first test of how alcohol intoxication influences the functional application of episodic foresight. The secondary aim was to establish the degree to which any observed episodic foresight difficulties associated with alcohol use might reflect broader problems in retrospective memory and executive control. Sex differences were also examined. Methods: Healthy adult social drinkers randomly received either a moderate dose of 0.6 g/kg alcohol ( n = 61) or a matched placebo drink ( n = 63) and then completed a validated measure that met strict criteria for assessing the functional application of episodic foresight as well as a broader cognitive test battery. Results: Relative to the placebo condition, episodic foresight was impaired by acute alcohol consumption, with this impairment related to poorer retrospective memory, but not executive control. The negative effects of alcohol intoxication on episodic foresight did not differ as a function of sex. Conclusions: Even a moderate level of intoxication impairs the ability to use episodic foresight in a functionally adaptive way. These findings have implications for understanding many of the maladaptive behaviours that are often associated with acute alcohol use.
Measuring family outcomes for young autistic children receiving interventions in China: The structure of the Family Outcomes Survey and predicting variables
Authors: Xie Huichao , Waschl Nicolette , Zeng Songtian 
Published: February 2023

Given the importance of parent involvement and parent-implemented interventions in achieving maximum child outcomes, practitioners need valid measures to assess and monitor family outcomes in developing and delivering effective and sustainable interventions. This study examined the structure of the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A, using a sample of 467 caregivers of young children diagnosed with or at increased likelihood of autism in China and identified significant predictors of the five family outcomes. Findings supported a five-factor model but a poorer fit was reported when the overall family outcome factor was added to the model. Modeling shared variance between some items under Outcome 4, “having support systems,” and Outcome 5, “accessing the community” was found to significantly improve the model fit. Among the analyzed child and family characteristics, the number of hours that the caregiver spent with the autistic child, caregivers’ employment status, family income, and caregivers’ educational attainment were found to be significantly associated with Family Outcomes Survey, Form A scores. Implications of the findings are discussed. Lay abstract Efforts to measure, document, and monitor family outcomes can be helpful to practitioners in developing and delivering effective and sustainable interventions. Researchers have developed the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A, for measuring the outcomes experienced by families of children in the early intervention/early childhood special education system. Little has been reported on how well the five outcomes on the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A describe the experiences and expectations of families of autistic children in China. We conducted a survey using the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A, Chinese version with 467 caregivers of young autistic children in China. First, the five-outcome structure of the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A seemed to be appropriate for measuring family outcomes of autistic children in China. We also found that the Chinese caregivers of autistic children seemed to give general lower ratings on all five outcomes on the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A as compared to caregivers of children in early intervention/early childhood special education in Western countries like the United States and Australia. Furthermore, caregivers’ ratings on the five Family Outcomes Survey, Form A outcomes seemed to be related to their educational attainment, employment status, family income level, and how much time caregivers spent with their autistic child. This study supported the use of the Family Outcomes Survey, Form A, Chinese version with families of autistic children in China. We also discussed how the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic could have impacted the family outcomes as reported by the Chinese caregivers.
Effects of family interventions on interpersonal conflicts: A network perspective
Authors: Fellmann Lukas 
Published: February 2023

Summary Intense conflicts are prevalent in families receiving child welfare services. Research in the field of family interventions usually focusses on dyadic conflicts within the limits of the nuclear family unit, ignoring the larger social context of families. Therefore, this study analyses effects on interpersonal conflicts in personal networks of parents during a family intervention. The theoretical framework is based on the family systems theory, which highlights the role of mutual trust for conflict resolution. This research applied ego-centric network analysis in combination with a longitudinal design. The sample consists of 46 parents who were enrolled in a home-based family intervention in Switzerland. Findings The results show that development of mutual trust between practitioners and the network members of parents is associated with significant decrease in conflict density and conflict reciprocity. Hence, network members experience fewer interactions that are associated with conflict as well as less intense conflicts in the medium term. However, no effects were found on the centrality of parents in interpersonal conflicts. Applications The results of this study suggest that practitioners in family interventions must establish mutual trust with not only parents but also other individuals to promote a less stressful family environment. This emphasizes the importance of a network perspective on interpersonal conflicts in child welfare interventions.
Femoral morphology in Ortolani’s anatomical collection of developmental dysplasia of the hip: Anteversion is unrelated to severity of infantile dysplasia
Authors: Huayamave Victor , Chambers Tamara , Fantoni Ilaria , Stecco Carla , De Caro Raffaele , Price Charles T. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study evaluated and quantified femoral anteversion and femoral head sphericity in healthy and dysplastic hips of post-mortem infant specimens from Ortolani’s collection. Methods: Healthy hips and hips with cases of dysplasia, with a large variety of severity, were preserved. Morphological measurements were taken on 14 specimens (28 hips), with a mean age of 4.68 months. The degree of dysplasia was classified as mild (A) to severe (D); 11 hips were Grade A, 6 hips were Grade B, 7 hips were Grade C, and 4 hips were Grade D. The femoral anteversion angle, the minimum femoral head diameter, and the maximum femoral head diameter were measured. The minimum and maximum femoral head diameters were used to estimate femoral head sphericity. Results: The mean femoral anteversion angle was 30.81 degrees ± 11.07 degrees in cases and 29.69 degrees ± 12.69 degrees in controls. There were no significant differences between the normal-to-mild group and moderate-to-severe group when comparing the femoral anteversion angle (p = 0.836). The mean estimated sphericity was 1.08 mm ± 0.50 mm in cases and 0.81 mm ± 0.65 mm in controls, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.269). Conclusion: Ortolani’s collection showed no significant differences between healthy and dysplastic hips in specimens under 1 year of age. While the femoral head appeared slightly more flattened in dysplastic hips, it was not statistically significant. The findings in the unique collection add to the knowledge of the pathoanatomy of infantile hip dysplasia. Clinical Relevance: Femoral anteversion may not play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of DDH.
Relationship Between Bone Bruise Volume and Patient Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Galloway Connor , Ward Hallie , Higbie Steven , Kleihege Jacquelyn , Kumaravel Manickam , Lowe Walter R. , Bailey Lane 
Published: February 2023

Background: Subchondral bone injuries, or bone bruises, are commonly observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The current relationship between bone bruise volume and postsurgical outcomes remains poorly understood. Purpose: To examine the influence of bone bruise volume on self-reported and objective functional outcomes at the time of return to play and 2 years following ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Clinical, surgical, and demographic data were obtained for a sample of convenience utilizing a single-surgeon ACL database (n = 1396). For 60 participants, femoral and tibial bone bruise volumes were estimated from preoperative MRI. Data obtained at the time of return to play included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC-2000) score, ACL–Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) score, and performance on an objective functional performance battery. Two-year follow-up data included graft reinjury rate, level of return to sport/activity, and self-reported knee function using the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). The forward stepwise linear regression was used to determine the relationship between bone bruise volume and patient function. Results: The distribution of bone bruise injuries was as follows: lateral femoral condyle (76.7%), lateral tibial plateau (88.3%), medial femoral condyle (21.7%), and medial tibial plateau (26.7%). Mean total bone bruise volume of all compartments was 7065.7 ± 6226.6 mm3. At the 2-year follow up, there were no significant associations between total bone bruise volume and time of return to play ( P = .832), IKDC-2000 score ( P = .200), ACL-RSI score ( P = .370), or SANE score ( P = .179). Conclusion: The lateral tibial plateau was the most frequent site to sustain bone bruise injury. Preoperative bone bruise volume was not associated with delayed time to return to sport or self-reported outcomes at time of return to play or at 2 years postoperatively. Registration: NCT03704376 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Associating Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy With Patient Resilience
Authors: Szukics Patrick F. , Otlans Peters , Meade Matthew , Lynch Jeffrey , Salvo John 
Published: February 2023

Background: Higher patient resilience has been shown to be associated with improved patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 6 months after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To examine the relationship between patient resilience and PROMs at minimum 2 years after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 89 patients (mean age, 36.9 years; mean follow-up, 4.6 years). Patient demographics, surgical details, and preoperative International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were collected retrospectively. Postoperative variables were collected via a survey and included the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Patient Activation Measure–13 (PAM-13), Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire–2 (PSEQ-2), VAS satisfaction, and postoperative iHOT-12, and VAS pain scores. Based on the number of standard deviations from the mean BRS score, patients were stratified as having low resilience (LR; n = 18), normal resilience (NR; n = 48), and high resilience (HR; n = 23). Differences in PROMs were compared between the groups, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between pre- to postoperative change (Δ) in PROMs and patient resilience. Results: There were significantly more smokers in the LR group compared with the NR and HR groups ( P = .033). Compared with the NR and HR groups, patients in the LR group had significantly more labral repairs ( P = .006), significantly worse postoperative iHOT-12, VAS pain, VAS satisfaction, PAM-13, and PSEQ-2 scores ( P < .001 for all), and significantly lower ΔVAS pain and ΔiHOT-12 scores ( P = .01 and .032, respectively). Regression analysis showed significant associations between ΔVAS pain and NR (β = -22.50 [95% CI, -38.81 to -6.19]; P = .008) as well as HR (β = -28.31 [95% CI, -46.96 to -9.67; P = .004) and between ΔiHOT-12 and NR (β = 18.94 [95% CI, 6.33 to 31.55]; P = .004) as well as HR (β = 20.63 [95% CI, 6.21 to 35.05]; P = .006). Male sex was a significant predictor of ΔiHOT-12 (β = -15.05 [95% CI, -25.42 to -4.69]; P = .006). Conclusion: The study results indicate that lower postoperative resilience scores were associated with significantly worse PROM scores, including pain and satisfaction, at 2 years after hip arthroscopy.
A medication-wide association study to identify medications associated with incident clinically significant diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Xiong Ruilin , Wang Wei , Shang Xianwen , Yuan Yixiong , Chen Yifan , Zhang Lei , Kiburg Katerina V , Zhu Zhuoting , He Mingguang 
Published: February 2023

Background: Diabetic retinopathy, a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Although some oral drugs have been suggested to affect the risk of diabetic retinopathy, systematic evaluation about the associations between medications and diabetic retinopathy is still absent. Objective: To comprehensively investigate associations of systemic medications with incident clinically significant diabetic retinopathy (CSDR). Design: Population-based cohort study. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, more than 26 000 participants residing in New South Wales were enrolled in the 45 and Up study. Diabetic participants with self-reported physician diagnosis or records of anti-diabetic medication prescriptions were finally included in the current analysis. CSDR was defined as diabetic retinopathy cases requiring retinal photocoagulation recorded in the Medicare Benefits Schedule database from 2006 to 2016. Prescriptions of systemic medication from 5 years to 30 days prior to CSDR were retrieved from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The study participants were equally split into training and testing datasets. Logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between each of systemic medication and CSDR in the training dataset. After controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), significant associations were further validated in the testing dataset. Results: The 10-year incidence of CSDR was 3.9% ( n = 404). A total of 26 systemic medications were found to be positively associated with CSDR, among which 15 were validated by the testing dataset. Additional adjustments for pertinent comorbidities suggested that isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) (OR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.00–3.48), calcitriol (OR: 4.08, 95% CI: 2.02–8.24), three insulins and analogues (e.g., intermediate-acting human insulin, OR: 4.28, 95% CI: 1.69–10.8), five anti-hypertensive medications (e.g., furosemide, OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.77–3.61), fenofibrate (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.36–2.82) and clopidogrel (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15–2.58) were independently associated with CSDR. Conclusion: This study investigated the association of a full spectrum of systemic medications with incident CSDR. ISMN, calcitriol, clopidogrel, a few subtypes of insulin, anti-hypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medications were found to be associated with incident CSDR.