bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming
Authors: Geng Tao , Jia Fan , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin , Gan Bolan , Jing Zhao , Li Shujun , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost El Niño events occur sporadically and peak in a single winter1–3, whereas La Niña tends to develop after an El Niño and last for two years or longer4–7. Relative to single-year La Niña, consecutive La Niña features meridionally broader easterly winds and hence a slower heat recharge of the equatorial Pacific6,7, enabling the cold anomalies to persist, exerting prolonged impacts on global climate, ecosystems and agriculture8–13. Future changes to multi-year-long La Niña events remain unknown. Here, using climate models under future greenhouse-gas forcings14, we find an increased frequency of consecutive La Niña ranging from 19 ± 11% in a low-emission scenario to 33 ± 13% in a high-emission scenario, supported by an inter-model consensus stronger in higher-emission scenarios. Under greenhouse warming, a mean-state warming maximum in the subtropical northeastern Pacific enhances the regional thermodynamic response to perturbations, generating anomalous easterlies that are further northward than in the twentieth century in response to El Niño warm anomalies. The sensitivity of the northward-broadened anomaly pattern is further increased by a warming maximum in the equatorial eastern Pacific. The slower heat recharge associated with the northward-broadened easterly anomalies facilitates the cold anomalies of the first-year La Niña to persist into a second-year La Niña. Thus, climate extremes as seen during historical consecutive La Niña episodes probably occur more frequently in the twenty-first century.
Lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma difficult for immunohistochemical diagnosis can be distinguished by lipid profile
Authors: Yamashita Takashi , Takanashi Yusuke , Uebayashi Asuka , Oka Mikako , Mizuno Kiyomichi , Kawase Akikazu , Oyama Soho , Kitamoto Takuya , Kondo Minako , Omori Shiho , Tao Hong , Takahashi Yutaka , Sakamoto Takumi , Kahyo Tomoaki , Sugimura Haruhiko , Setou Mitsutoshi , Shiiya Norihiko , Funai Kazuhito 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer, histological diagnosis is frequently based on small biopsy specimens unsuitable for histological diagnosis when they are severely crushed and do not retain their morphology. Therefore, establishing a novel diagnostic method independent of tissue morphology or conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers is required. We analyzed the lipid profiles of resected primary lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) specimens using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The specimens of 26 ADC and 18 SQCC cases were evenly assigned to the discovery and validation cohorts. Non-target screening on the discovery cohort identified 96 and 13 lipid peaks abundant in ADC and SQCC, respectively. Among these 109 lipid peaks, six and six lipid peaks in ADC and SQCC showed reproducibility in target screening on the validation cohort. Finally, we selected three and four positive lipid markers for ADC and SQCC, demonstrating high discrimination abilities. In cases difficult to diagnose by IHC staining, [cardiolipin(18:2_18:2_18:2_18:2)-H]− and [triglyceride(18:1_17:1_18:1) + NH4]+ showed the excellent diagnostic ability for ADC (sensitivity: 1.00, specificity: 0.89, accuracy: 0.93) and SQCC (sensitivity: 0.89, specificity: 0.83, accuracy: 0.87), respectively. These novel candidate lipid markers may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategy for unresectable NSCLC.
Mobility constraints in segregation models
Authors: Gambetta Daniele , Mauro Giovanni , Pappalardo Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince the development of the original Schelling model of urban segregation, several enhancements have been proposed, but none have considered the impact of mobility constraints on model dynamics. Recent studies have shown that human mobility follows specific patterns, such as a preference for short distances and dense locations. This paper proposes a segregation model incorporating mobility constraints to make agents select their location based on distance and location relevance. Our findings indicate that the mobility-constrained model produces lower segregation levels but takes longer to converge than the original Schelling model. We identified a few persistently unhappy agents from the minority group who cause this prolonged convergence time and lower segregation level as they move around the grid centre. Our study presents a more realistic representation of how agents move in urban areas and provides a novel and insightful approach to analyzing the impact of mobility constraints on segregation models. We highlight the significance of incorporating mobility constraints when policymakers design interventions to address urban segregation.
Flow signatures and catchment’s attributes for HCA clustering in a hydrologic similarity assessment (Tunisian case)
Authors: Chérif Rim , Gargouri-Ellouze Emna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPartitioning methods such as cluster analysis are advantageous in pooling catchments into hydrometric similar regions. They help overcome data shortage in ungauged catchments, which is a common problem in Sud Mediterranean zones. Without accurate forecasts, it is difficult to assess and manage water resources efficiently this situation won't be of any assistance to hydrology decision-makers. This paper illustrates a Tunisian application case, that aims to pool catchments with a hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA) based on distances calculated in multidimensional physiographical and hydrometric space. The homogeneity of generated clusters is checked by the silhouette index. Then the distances efficiencies are compared. Nineteen semi-arid Tunisian catchments monitored since 1992 are studied. Twelve physiographical attributes, nine rainfall and streamflow signatures are considered in the HCA with two clusters. Correlation distance provides the most homogeneous clusters. Statistically the: percentage of area affected by anti-erosive practices, percentage of forest cover and catchment area are the most discriminating attributes. However, hydrometrical signatures appear to be irrelevant. These partitions highlight two different hydrological behaviors that must support forecasting. Results are promising in the Sud-Mediterranean case, where the shortage of hydrometrical data is an ongoing problem. They have the advantage of enabling hydrologic forecasting without requiring heavy information.
Mechanical behavior and reloading reinforcement characteristics of fractured coal under low confining pressure
Authors: Yang Ying-ming , Gu Xue-bin , Liu Xin-jie , Lu Bai , Ding Xiao-jun , Zhao Yong-qiang , Zhang Wei-long , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo study the basic mechanical behavior and the reloading reinforcement characteristics of fractured coal, conventional triaxial loading tests with different fissure angle were first carried out. On this basis, conventional triaxial loading and unloading tests were conducted to investigate the reloading reinforcement characteristics of fractured coal. The results reveal that when the fissure angle was small, the stress–strain curve exhibited the multi-peak phenomena. As the fissure angle increased, the stress drop phenomenon in the peak region was weakened. With the increase of the fissure angle, the peak stress of the specimens increased and then decreased, while the elastic modulus showed an overall increasing trend, demonstrating the controlling effect of the crack angle. Meanwhile, the cyclic loading exhibited a certain enhancement effect on the strength of the fractured coals when the specimens was unloaded near the crack closure stress. The findings can provide a better understanding of the failure mechanism and reloading reinforcement characteristics of fractured coal.
A valuable subarachnoid space named the occipito-atlantal cistern
Authors: Li Yun-Fei , Wei Rui-Xue , Yang Kai-Qi , Hack Gary D. , Chi Yan-Yan , Tang Wei , Sui Xue-Jun , Zhang Meng-Liang , Sui Hong-Jin , Yu Sheng-Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe cisterna magna has been defined as the space between the inferior margin of the cerebellar vermis to the level of the foramen magnum, while an enlarged dorsal subarachnoid space at the occipito-cervical junction extending from the foramen magnum to the upper border of the axis (C2) is still ignored. Recently, the myodural bridge complex is proved to drive the cerebral spinal fluid flowing via this region, we therefore introduce the “occipito-atlantal cistern (OAC)” to better describe the subarachnoid space and provide a detailed rationale. The present study utilized several methods, including MRI, gross anatomical dissection, P45 sheet plastination, and three-dimensional visualization. OAC was observed to be an enlarge subarachnoid space, extending from the foramen magnum to the level of the C2. In the median sagittal plane, OAC was a funnel shape and its anteroposterior dimensions were 15.92 ± 4.20 mm at the level of the C0, 4.49 ± 1.25 mm at the level of the posterior arch of the C1, and 2.88 ± 0.77 mm at the level of the arch of the C2, respectively. In the median sagittal plane, the spino-dural angle of the OAC was calculated to be 35.10 ± 6.91°, and the area of OAC was calculated to be 232.28 ± 71.02 mm2. The present study provides OAC is a subarachnoid space independent from the cisterna magna. Because of its distinctive anatomy, as well as theoretical and clinical significance, OAC deserves its own name.
Geographic population structure of the honeybee microsporidian parasite Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae in the South West Indian Ocean
Authors: Blot Nicolas , Clémencet Johanna , Jourda Cyril , Lefeuvre Pierre , Warrit Natapot , Esnault Olivier , Delatte Hélène 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe microsporidian Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is one of the most common parasites of the honeybee. A single honeybee carries many parasites and therefore multiple alleles of V. ceranae genes that seem to be ubiquitous. As a consequence, nucleotide diversity analyses have not allowed discriminating genetic structure of parasite populations. We performed deep loci-targeted sequencing to monitor the haplotype frequencies of genome markers in isolates from discontinuous territories, namely the tropical islands of the South West Indian Ocean. The haplotype frequency distribution corroborated the suspected tetraploidy of the parasite. Most major haplotypes were ubiquitous in the area but with variable frequency. While oceanic isolates differed from European and Asian outgroups, parasite populations from distinct archipelagoes also differed in their haplotype distribution. Interestingly an original and very divergent Malagasy isolate was detected. The observed population structure allowed formulating hypotheses upon the natural history of V. ceranae in this oceanic area. We also discussed the usefulness of allelic distribution assessment, using multiple informative loci or genome-wide analyses, when parasite population is not clonal within a single host.
Escherichia coli resistance, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among females with uUTI in Germany: a retrospective physician-based chart review study
Authors: Naber Kurt G. , Wagenlehner Florian , Kresken Michael , Cheng Wendy Y. , Catillon Maryaline , Duh Mei Sheng , Yu Louise , Khanal Anamika , Mulgirigama Aruni , Joshi Ashish V. , Ju Shinyoung , Mitrani-Gold Fanny S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReal-world data were collected to examine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes among female patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) in Germany. Data were from a retrospective physician-based chart review completed by physicians treating patients with uUTI. Non-pregnant women aged ≥ 12 years, with a uUTI diagnosis, an E. coli-positive urine culture between January 2017–December 2019, and susceptibility test results for ≥ 4 drug classes were eligible. Patients were stratified into three cohorts by drug class susceptibility: susceptible to all (SUS), resistant to one or two drug classes (DR1/2), and resistant to ≥ 3 (MDR) drug classes tested. Among 386 eligible patients [SUS (67.1%); DR1/2 (29.0%); MDR (3.9%)], AMR prevalence was highest for FMIs (18.3%) and lowest for fluoroquinolones (5.2%). The most prescribed drugs were fosfomycin in SUS (44.0%), DR1/2 (41.4%), and fluoroquinolones in MDR (40.0%). Treatment for uUTI failed for 8.8% of patients; failure was more likely in MDR versus SUS [adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 4.21 [1.14–1.50]; P = 0.031); incidence of recurrent infection in the 6-months post-index period was higher in DR1/2 versus SUS. These findings may have implications for empiric prescribing, suggesting an unmet need for new treatments.
Quantifying Antarctic krill connectivity across the West Antarctic Peninsula and its role in large-scale Pygoscelis penguin population dynamics
Authors: Gallagher Katherine L. , Dinniman Michael S. , Lynch Heather J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAntarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are considered a keystone species for higher trophic level predators along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during the austral summer. The connectivity of krill may play a critical role in predator biogeography, especially for central-place foragers such as the Pygoscelis spp. penguins that breed along the WAP during the austral summer. Antarctic krill are also heavily fished commercially; therefore, understanding population connectivity of krill is critical to effective management. Here, we used a physical ocean model to examine adult krill connectivity in this region using simulated krill with realistic diel vertical migration behaviors across four austral summers. Our results indicate that krill north and south of Low Island and the southern Bransfield Strait are nearly isolated from each other and that persistent current features play a role in this lack of inter-region connectivity. Transit and entrainment times were not correlated with penguin populations at the large spatial scales examined. However, long transit times and reduced entrainment correlate spatially with the areas where krill fishing is most intense, which heightens the risk that krill fishing may lead to limited krill availability for predators.
Omnidirectional compliance on cross-linked actuator coordination enables simultaneous multi-functions of soft modular robots
Authors: Fang Zhonggui , Wu Yige , Su Yinyin , Yi Juan , Liu Sicong , Wang Zheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarthworms have entirely soft bodies mainly composed of circular and longitudinal muscle bundles but can handle the complexity of unstructured environments with exceptional multifunctionality. Soft robots are naturally appropriate for mimicking soft animal structures thanks to their inherent compliance. Here, we explore the new possibility of using this compliance to coordinate the actuation movements of single-type soft actuators for not only high adaptability but the simultaneous multifunctionality of soft robots. A cross-linked actuator coordination mechanism is proposed and explained with a novel conceptual design of a cross-linked network, characterization of modular coordinated kinematics, and a modular control strategy for multiple functions. We model and analyze the motion patterns for these functions, including grabbing, manipulation, and locomotion. This further enables the combination of simultaneous multi-functions with this very simple actuator network structure. In this way, a soft modular robot is developed with demonstrations of a novel continuous-transportation mode, for which multiple objects could be simultaneously transported in unstructured environments with either mobile manipulation or pick-and-place operation. A comprehensive workflow is presented to elaborate the cross-linked actuator coordination concept, analytical modeling, modular control strategy, experimental validation, and multi-functional applications. Our understanding of actuator coordination inspires new soft robotic designs for wider robotic applications.
Geometric and physical interpretation of the action principle
Authors: Carcassi Gabriele , Aidala Christine A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe give a geometric interpretation for the principle of stationary action in classical Lagrangian particle mechanics. In a nutshell, the difference of the action along a path and its variation effectively “counts” the possible evolutions that “go through” the area enclosed. If the path corresponds to a possible evolution, all neighbouring evolutions will be parallel, making them tangent to the area enclosed by the path and its variation, thus yielding a stationary action. This treatment gives a full physical account of the geometry of both Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics which is founded on three assumptions: determinism and reversible evolution, independence of the degrees of freedom and equivalence between kinematics and dynamics. The logical equivalence between the three assumptions and the principle of stationary action leads to a much cleaner conceptual understanding.
Based on network pharmacology, gastrodin attenuates hypertension-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and PI3K/AKT pathway activation
Authors: Shen Aling , Wu Meizhu , Ali Farman , Guo Zhi , Fang Yi , Zhou Yuting , Zhang Siyu , Zhang Wenqiang , Wen Ying , Yu Min , Peng Jun , Chen Keji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effects and underlying mechanisms of gastrodin treatment on hypertensive vascular dysfunction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were determined in vitro and in vivo. Using a pharmacological target network interaction analysis, 151 common targets and a PPI network were identified containing the top 10 hub genes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as a significantly enriched pathway. Both spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto rats were used to assess the therapeutic effects of gastrodin on hypertension. Gastrodin treatment of the SHRs resulted in a marked attenuation of elevated blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and pathological changes in the abdominal aorta. Moreover, gastrodin treatment significantly inhibited cell growth and downregulated the expression of PCNA as well as the p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT levels in angiotensin II-stimulated VSMCs. Taken together, gastrodin treatment attenuates blood pressure elevation, vascular dysfunction, and proliferation of VSMCs and inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Sericin coated thin polymeric films reduce keratinocyte proliferation via the mTOR pathway and epidermal inflammation through IL17 signaling in psoriasis rat model
Authors: Aramwit Pornanong , Fongsodsri Kamonpan , Tuentam Khwanchanok , Reamtong Onrapak , Thiangtrongjit Tipparat , Kanjanapruthipong Tapanee , Yadavalli Vamsi K. , Ampawong Sumate 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTherapeutic treatment forms can play significant roles in resolving psoriatic plaques or promoting wound repair in psoriatic skin. Considering the biocompatibility, mechanical strength, flexibility, and adhesive properties of silk fibroin sheets/films, it is useful to combine them with anti-psoriatic agents and healing stimulants, notably silk sericin. Here, we evaluate the curative properties of sericin-coated thin polymeric films (ScF) fabricated from silk fibroin, using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis rat model. The film biocompatibility and psoriatic wound improvement capacity was assessed. A proteomics study was performed to understand the disease resolving mechanisms. Skin-implantation study exhibited the non-irritation property of ScF films, which alleviate eczema histopathology. Immunohistochemical and gene expression revealed the depletion of β-defensin, caspase-3 and -9, TNF-α, CCL-20, IL-1β, IL-17, TGF-β, and Wnt expressions and S100a14 mRNA level. The proteomics study suggested that ScF diminish keratinocyte proliferation via the mTOR pathway by downregulating mTOR protein, corresponding to the modulation of TNF-α, Wnt, and IL-1β levels, leading to the enhancement of anti-inflammatory environment by IL-17 downregulation. Hematology data demonstrated the safety of using these biomaterials, which provide a potential therapeutic-option for psoriasis treatment due to desirable effects, especially anti-proliferation and anti-inflammation, functioning via the mTOR pathway and control of IL-17 signaling.
Formulating a novel drilling mud using bio-polymers, nanoparticles, and SDS and investigating its rheological behavior, interfacial tension, and formation damage
Authors: Taghdimi Ramin , Kaffashi Babak , Rasaei Mohammad Reza , Dabiri Mohammad-Saber , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFormation damage is a well-known problem that occurs during the exploration and production phases of the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. This study aimed to develop a new drilling mud formulation by utilizing eco-friendly bio-polymers, specifically Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), along with nanostructured materials and a common surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The rheological properties of the drilling fluid and the impact of additives on its properties were investigated at the micromodel scale, using a flow rate of 20 mL/h. The polymer concentration and nano clay concentration were set at two levels: 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%, respectively, while the surfactant content was varied at three levels: 0.1 wt%, 0.4 wt%, and 0.8 wt%. The results of the interfacial tension (IFT) analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the interfacial tension between oil and water with the increasing concentration of SDS. Furthermore, following the API standard, the rheological behavior of the drilling fluid, including the gel strength and thixotropic properties of the mud, was evaluated with respect to temperature changes, as this is crucial for ensuring the inherent rheological stability of the mud. The rheological analysis indicated that the viscosity of the mud formulation with nanoparticles experienced a reduction of up to 10 times with increasing shear rate, while other formulations exhibited a decline of 100 times. Notably, the rheological properties of the Agar specimen improved at 150 °F due to its complete solubility in water, whereas other formulations exhibited a greater drop in viscosity at this temperature. As the temperature increased, drilling fluid containing nanostructured materials exhibited higher viscosity.