bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Assessment of Endothelial Shear Stress in Myocardial Bridges Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Giannopoulos Andreas A. , Bolt Basil , Benz Dominik C. , Messerli Michael , Von Felten Elia , Patriki Dimitri , Gebhard Catherine , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Gräni Christoph , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Buechel Ronny R. , Gaemperli Oliver 
Published: February 2023

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a segment of coronary arteries with an intramural course, typically spared from atherosclerosis, while the adjacent proximal segment is reported to be atherosclerosis-prone, a phenomenon contributed to local endothelial shear stress (ESS). We aimed to describe the ESS milieu in coronaries with MBs combining coronary computed tomography angiography with computational fluid dynamics and to investigate the association of atherosclerosis presence proximal to MBs with hemorheological characteristics. Patients ( n = 36) were identified and 36 arteries with MBs (11 deep and 25 superficial) were analyzed. ESS did not fluctuate 5 mm proximally to MBs vs 5 mm within MBs (0.94 vs 1.06 Pa, p = .56). There was no difference when comparing ESS in the proximal versus mid versus distal MB segments (1.48 vs 1.37 vs 1.9 Pa, p = ns). In arteries with plaques ( n = 12), no significant ESS variances were observed around the MB entrance, when analyzing all arteries ( p = .81) and irrespective of morphological features of the bridged segment (deep MBs; p = .65, superficial MBs; p = .84). MBs are characterized by homogeneous, atheroprotective ESS, possibly explaining the absence of atherosclerosis within bridged segments. The interplay between ESS and atherosclerosis is potentially not different in arteries with MB compared with arteries without bridges.
Local electrical conductivity of carbon black/PDMS nanocomposites subjected to large deformations
Authors: Moronkeji Oluwadara E , Das Debashish , Lee Sunho , Chang Kelly M , Chasiotis Ioannis 
Published: February 2023

The full-field microscale electrical behavior of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix composites with 12 wt% (below the electrical percolation threshold) and 20 wt% (above the electrical percolation threshold) carbon black (CB) nanoparticles was obtained with the aid of Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (C-AFM) as a function of uniaxial tensile strain. A comparison between the macroscale and the microscale 2D strain fields showed that 25 × 25 μm2 specimen domains can serve as a representative surface element (RSE) to describe the macroscale mechanical response under finite deformations. The same surface domain size was shown to serve as RSE for the local electrical behavior of CB/PDMS nanocomposites at small and large strains. The transverse specimen contraction due to the Poisson’s effect increased the through-thickness conductivity of 12 wt% CB specimens, with a rapid increase in the total electric current measured at the scale of the RSE taking place above 23% uniaxial true strain. The locally dominant tunneling conductance in the undeformed specimen state transitioned to a combination of Ohmic (linear local current-voltage (I–V) characteristics) and tunneling (parabolic local I–V characteristics) at 35% uniaxial true strain. In comparison, the local I–V characteristics of undeformed PDMS composites with 20 wt% CB were a combination of Ohmic (contributing the majority of the total current) and tunneling. Upon application of 35% uniaxial true strain the vast majority of local conduction sites became Ohmic, while the total electric current at the scale of the RSE increased relatively linearly with applied strain.
Investigating the mechanical properties and morphology of novalac phenolic resin nanocomposite/hybrid short fibers carbon and glass reinforced with silica nanoparticles
Authors: Jahangiri Ali Asghar , Rostamiyan Yasser 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to make a nanocomposite with combined fibers in order to achieve two integrated mechanical characters including strength and plastic deformation in an optimal way. Novalac type phenolic resin (PF), short fibers carbon (CF) and glass (GF) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were used for making. The results showed that with the hybrid of carbon and glass fibers (CGF) in the composite, the ultimate strength and Plastic deformation increased compared to the samples without a combination, and it was modified as an optimal sample. Also, the results showed that the composite sample with hybrid fibers with 2 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles increased the tensile strength by 25%, the bending strength by 48% and the buckling strength by 37%. From the X-ray diffraction and EDX tests, the dispersion of nanoparticles in the composite was determined, and the SEM images showed that with the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles, The amount of adhesion and penetration between resin and fibers has increased. One of the main applications of hybrid nanocomposite can be mentioned portable light structures on land, sea and air, sports goods and orthopedic equipment.
Who Persists and Who Desists? A Prospective Study of Prescription Stimulant Misuse in College Graduates
Authors: Holt Laura J. , Langdon Susan W. , Feinn Richard S. 
Published: February 2023

Prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) has been studied extensively in college populations, but few studies have examined how PSM changes after graduation. We used a longitudinal design to follow individuals at risk for PSM 2 years after college graduation to document PSM prevalence, motives, and predictors of PSM persistence. Participants from two small, private colleges completed online surveys focused on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocultural predictors of PSM. Overall, PSM declined over time. Lack of premeditation, perceived peer norms, positive expectancies, media exposure, and other substance use were associated with continued PSM; however, only lack of premeditation, descriptive norms, and other substance use predicted PSM in a multivariate model. This preliminary study suggests dispositional and behavioral risk factors may help to explain why PSM persists after college. Interventions that enhance decision-making skills, correct misperceptions about peers’ PSM, and reduce polysubstance use may be effective in curbing PSM in college graduates.
The SIH-EBP Score: A grading scale to predict the response to the first epidural blood patch in spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Lin Po-Tso , Wang Yen-Feng , Hseu Shu-Shya , Fuh Jong-Ling , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Wu Jr-Wei , Chen Shu-Ting , Chen Shih-Pin , Chen Wei-Ta , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: February 2023

Background To develop and validate an easy-to-use scoring system to predict the response to the first epidural blood patching in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Methods This study recruited consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension receiving epidural blood patching in a tertiary medical center, which were chronologically divided into a derivation cohort and a validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, factors associated with the first epidural blood patching response were identified by using multivariable logistic regression modeling. A scoring system was developed, and the cutoff score was determined by using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The findings were verified in an independent validation cohort. Results The study involved 280 patients in the derivation cohort and 78 patients in the validation cohort. The spontaneous intracranial hypotension-epidural blood patching score (range 0–5) included two clinical variables (sex and age) and two radiological variables (midbrain-pons angle and anterior epidural cerebrospinal fluid collections). A score of ≥3 was predictive of the first epidural blood patching response, which was consistent in the validation cohort. Overall, patients who scored ≥3 were more likely to respond to the first epidural blood patching (odds ratio = 10.3). Conclusion For patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension-epidural blood patching score ≥3, it is prudent to attempt at least one targeted epidural blood patching before considering more invasive interventions.
Headache comorbidity in refugees and migrants with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Carlsson Jessica 
Published: February 2023

Background Headache is often comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder yet overlooked in health assessments of refugees. Objectives To describe prevalence of severe headache among refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder and compare severity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and treatment outcomes among those with and without severe headache. Methods This follow-up study used data from the Danish Database on Refugees with Trauma. Participants were recruited from 2009 to 2015 at a specialized psychiatric clinic. Prevalence of severe headache was computed by age, sex, and history of head injury or torture. Severe headache was defined as maximum headache scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Symptom Checklist-90 or the Visual Analogue Scale. Groups with and without severe headache were described according to validated questionnaires before and after 12–18 months of multidisciplinary treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Regression analyses were used to analyze associations between headache at start of treatment and symptom burden post-treatment, controlled for pre-treatment scores and possible confounders. Results Among 403 female and 489 male participants, nearly all (97.5%) complained of headaches. Severe headache prevalence was 31.4% to 50.0% (depending on which questionnaire was used) and was significantly more common among females and those aged 30–49 years. There was no clear relationship between headache and head injury or torture. Participants with severe headache had heavier symptom burdens compared to those without severe headache. Post-treatment, headache prevalence by age and sex did not change significantly. Those without severe headache showed a tendency toward improvement in outcome measures; this was not seen among those with severe headache. Pre-treatment headache scores were correlated with all outcome measures. Regression analyses controlled for pre-treatment scores of the outcome variables showed associations between pre-treatment headache scores (Hopkins Symptom Checklist or Symptom Checklist-90) and post-treatment scores for intrusion, numbing, hyperarousal, anxiety, disability, and quality of life (all p < 0.02). Conclusion Headache is a prevalent comorbid condition among refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder. Measures of pre-treatment headache severity appear to predict post-traumatic stress disorder treatment outcomes. Severe headache adversely affects post-traumatic stress disorder prognosis. Assessment and treatment options should be studied further.
Pre-treatment non-ictal cephalic allodynia identifies responders to prophylactic treatment of chronic and episodic migraine patients with galcanezumab: A prospective quantitative sensory testing study (NCT04271202)
Authors: Ashina Sait , Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Szabo Edina , Borsook David , Burstein Rami 
Published: February 2023

Background Migraine is a complex neurological disorder involving generalized abnormalities in processing sensory information. Adopting evidence that central sensitization imposes major hurdles in the treatment of migraine, we hypothesized that it is the non-ictal (rather than ictal) allodynia that may determine the outcome of migraine prevention with peripherally-acting drugs. Methods To test this hypothesis, we used Quantitative Sensory Testing to determine whether it is possible to identify a patient’s response to prophylactic treatment with galcanezumab based on presence/absence of cephalic and/or extracephalic allodynia during the pre-treatment non-ictal phase of migraine. Results Using strict criteria for allodynia (heat 32–40°C, cold 32–20°C, mechanical <60 g), we report that (a) the incidence of pre-treatment non-ictal cephalic allodynia was 21% in the 24 responders (>50% decrease in monthly migraine days) and 85% in the 19 non-responders; (b) the incidence of non-ictal extracephalic allodynia distinguishes responders from non-responders less accurately; and that (c) the incidence of non-ictal cephalic allodynia was similar in the chronic migraine and high-frequency episodic migraine groups. Conclusions Clinically, the findings suggest that presence/absence of non-ictal allodynia can be used to identify galcanezumab responders with nearly 80% accuracy and galcanezumab non-responders with nearly 85% accuracy. Mechanistically, the presence of non-ictal allodynia (reflecting a state of activity-independent central sensitization) in both chronic migraine and high-frequency episodic migraine patients raises the possibility that the state of non-ictal allodynia may be attributed to physiological properties of central trigeminovascular neurons that are due to the genetic load of the individual patient rather than their migraine frequency.
Insufficient sleep may alter cortical excitability near the migraine attack: A blinded TMS crossover study
Authors: Mykland Martin Syvertsen , Uglem Martin , Stovner Lars Jacob , Brenner Eiliv , Snoen Mari Storli , Gravdahl Gøril Bruvik , Sand Trond , Omland Petter Moe 
Published: February 2023

Background Migraine is a brain disorder with a multifaceted and unexplained association to sleep. Brain excitability likely changes periodically throughout the migraine cycle. In this study we examine the effect of insufficient sleep on neuronal excitability during the course of the migraine cycle. Methods We examined 54 migraine patients after two nights of eight-hour habitual sleep and two nights of four-hour restricted sleep in a randomised, blinded crossover study. We performed transcranial magnetic stimulation and measured cortical silent period, short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation and short-latency afferent inhibition. We analysed how responses changed before and after attacks with linear mixed models. Results Short- interval intracortical inhibition was more reduced after sleep restriction compared to habitual sleep the shorter the time that had elapsed since the attack ( p = 0.041), and specifically in the postictal phase ( p = 0.013). Long-interval intracortical inhibition was more increased after sleep restriction with time closer before the attack ( p = 0.006), and specifically in the preictal phase ( p = 0.034). Short-latency afferent inhibition was more decreased after sleep restriction with time closer to the start of the attack ( p = 0.026). Conclusion Insufficient sleep in the period leading up to a migraine attack may cause dysfunction in cortical GABAergic inhibition. The results also suggest that migraine patients may have increased need for sufficient sleep during a migraine attack to maintain normal neurological function after the attack.
Hypnic Headache – What do we know in 2022?
Authors: Lindner Diana , Scheffler Armin , Nsaka Michael , Holle-Lee Dagny 
Published: February 2023

Background Hypnic Headache, also known as “alarm clock headache”, is a rare primary headache disorder. It is characterized by frequently recurring headache attacks, which only develop during sleep, especially nighttime sleep. Objective This article gives a narrative review on the current knowledge about Hypnic Headache with a focus on secondary Hypnic Headache. Methods Based on literature research, using Pubmed and Google Scholar, latest case reports, studies, and systematic reviews about Hypnic Headache were analyzed and summarized focusing on therapeutic options and causes of secondary Hypnic Headache. Conclusion Hypnic Headache mainly occurs in elderly patients. However, younger patients and children may also suffer from Hypnic Headache. Many different causes of secondary Hypnic Headache are described in the literature and ought to be ruled out before diagnosing primary Hypnic Headache. The pathophysiology of primary Hypnic Headache remains unclear, but a dysfunction of the hypothalamus seems to play a key role.
Disagreement Between the Accepted Best-Fit Circle Method to Calculate Bone Loss Between Injured and Uninjured Shoulders
Authors: Do Woo-Sung , Kim Joo-Hyung , Lim Joon-Ryul , Yoon Tae-Hwan , Chun Yong-Min 
Published: February 2023

Background: No study has evaluated whether best-fit circles based on glenoids with defects accurately represent normal inferior glenoids before injury. Purpose: To investigate whether the best-fit circles on the affected side with a glenoid defect can accurately represent native glenoids before injury. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This retrospective study included 58 patients with unilateral recurrent anterior shoulder instability. First, we compared the diameter of best-fit circles based on affected and unaffected glenoids. Glenoid defect sizes based on each best-fit circle were then calculated and compared. Second, we created serial virtual glenoid defects (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) on unaffected glenoids and compared diameters of best-fit circles on the glenoids before and after virtual defects. We also analyzed and compared the size of virtual and calculated glenoid defects. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass coefficients (ICCs) were used to compare and analyze agreement of measurements. After categorization of glenoid defects based on clinical cutoff values, Cohen κ and percentage agreement were calculated. Results: The diameter of 55.2% (32/58) of best-fit circles from affected glenoids over- or underestimated the diameter on the unaffected side by >5%. In 28 of the 32 patients, the diameter of the affected side circle was overestimated. Consequently, 41.4% (24/58) of glenoid defects were over- or underestimated by >5%. In 19 of the 24 patients, the glenoid defect from the affected side was >5% larger. ICCs between sides for best-fit circle diameters and defect sizes were 0.632 and 0.800, respectively. Agreement of glenoid defect size between sides was 58.6% (34/58) overall, but when the defect was ≥10%, agreement decreased to 32.3% (10/31). Among 232 glenoids with virtual defects created from 58 normal glenoids, the diameter of 31.0% (72/232) of best-fit circles and the size of 11.6% (27/232) of defects were over- or underestimated by >5%. Conclusion: When assessing glenoid defects in anterior shoulder instability, best-fit circles based on affected glenoids do not always represent the native glenoid and may thus lead to inaccurate circle sizes and defect estimates.
Clinical Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstructions With Concomitant Ulnar Nerve Transposition in Overhead Athletes: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Lynch Jeffrey C. , Johnson Emma E. , Ciccotti Michael C. , Erickson Brandon J. , Dodson Christopher C. , Cohen Steven B. , Ciccotti Michael G. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Injury of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) has become increasingly common, particularly in overhead athletes. There is no consensus on management of the ulnar nerve in UCL reconstruction (UCLR) in patients with preoperative ulnar nerve symptoms, as literature supports both not decompressing the nerve as well as ulnar nerve transposition (UNT). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare subjective clinical outcomes and return-to-sports (RTS) metrics between patients who received UNT during UCLR and a matched cohort who underwent UCLR alone. We hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in patient outcomes or RTS metrics between the cohorts. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using an institutional database, patients who underwent UCLR with UNT between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively identified. These patients were matched based on sex, age at surgery (±3 years), and body mass index (±2 kg/m2) to a comparison group that underwent UCLR alone. Patients completed the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder & Elbow (KJOC) score, the Timmerman and Andrews elbow score, the Conway-Jobe scale, and custom patient satisfaction and RTS questionnaires. Results: Thirty patients who underwent UCLR with concomitant UNT and 30 matched patients who underwent UCLR without UNT were available for follow-up at a mean of 6.9 (3.4-9.9) and 8.1 (3.4-13.9) years, respectively. The UNT group reported similar KJOC (78.4 in UNT vs 76.8; P = .780), Conway-Jobe (60% excellent in UNT vs 77% excellent; P = .504), Timmerman and Andrews (86.2 in UNT vs 88.8; P = .496), and satisfaction scores (85.3% in UNT vs 89.3%; P = .512) compared with UCLR group. In terms of RTS rate (84% in UNT vs 93% in UCLR; P = .289) and duration required to RTS (11.1 months in UNT vs 12.5 months in UCLR; P = .176), the 2 groups did not significantly differ. Finally, despite significant differences in preoperative ulnar nerve symptoms (100% in UNT vs 7% in UCLR; P < .001), the 2 groups did not statistically differ in the proportion of patients who experienced postoperative ulnar nerve symptoms (13% in UNT vs 0% in UCLR; P = .112). Conclusion: This matched cohort analysis showed no statistically significant differences in patient-reported outcomes and RTS between patients undergoing UCLR with and without UNT.
Effect of build orientation on tribological and flexural properties of FDM-printed composite PLA parts
Authors: Yaman Paşa , Ekşi Olcay , Karabeyoğlu Sencer Süreyya , Feratoğlu Kamil 
Published: February 2023

In the study, parts are fused deposition modeling–printed using polylactic acid filaments filled with copper, brass, bronze, tungsten, and carbon fiber. Wear and three-point bending tests are applied to FDM-printed specimens and it is yielded that on-edge oriented specimens had higher flexural strength while flat orientation contributed to wear resistance. Wear tracks are examined, and mostly abrasive wear is detected in the dry sliding condition while adhesive, fatigue and abrasive wear is observed in the wet sliding condition. Brass-filled polylactic acid specimens showed highest flexural strength and flexural modulus with 46.73 MPa and 1.53 GPa, respectively. Besides, the most wear resistant filler is determined as tungsten for dry and wet sliding conditions.