bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between vegetation indices of the generative stage with productivity of paddy fields
Authors: Kusdilawana  , Samsuar  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maros regency is one of the agricultural areas in South Sulawesi which is a large rice area. Sourced from BPS data (Central Statistics Agency), both rice production and productivity in Maros Regency have decreased fluctuatingly over the last three years. Knowledge related to rice productivity is very important to know in order to support food security. Geographic information system is one of the modern technologies that can be used in estimating rice productivity which then utilizes Sentinel-2 Image data. In its use, a spectral transformation is used to display aspects of plant conditions such as vegetation index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegettation Index), EVI (Enchanced Vegetation Index) and SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index). The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the vegetation index value of the generative stage and the productivity of paddy fields in Alatengae village. The method used is a simple linear regression method in estimating the relation between rice productivity and the vegetation index NDVI, EVI and SAVI. From the analysis of the relation between the vegetation index and rice productivity, there is a very strong (positive) correlation, where the higher the value of the vegetation index, it will be higher the plant productivity.
Identification of the potential use of sago midrib (Metroxylon sp.) as drip irrigation emitters for chili plants
Authors: Imastira  , Suhardi  , Munir A , Azis A , Mubarak H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Drip irrigation is an irrigation system that can save water by releasing a regulated amount of water and nutrients to the roots of plants using emitters. The use of emitters is one of the additional costs in the use of drip irrigation systems. Estimating the potential of fronds as emitters are done by measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity. The method used is falling head to determine the ability of emitter material made from sago fronds to pass water that can be used to meet the water needs of chili plants. The results showed that the average hydraulic conductivity value at the end sample was higher than the middle and base samples. The hydraulic conductivity values of the tip, middle and base are 0.0077 (m/s), 0.0022 (m/s), and 0.0020 (m/s), respectively. So that the tip-sample can be used as a drip irrigation emitter. The discharge produced by the emitters of tip samples 1 and 2 amounted to 1.252 and 1.424 l/day. Based on this discharge, the number of droppers for each phase of chili plant growth using sago frond emitters, namely at the base and center, requires two emitters in months 3 and 4. Meanwhile, the end frond emitter only requires two emitters in month three, and in other growth phases only requires one emitter.
Potential of encapsulated rambutan peel extract (Nephelium lappaceum) as a food preservative
Authors: Sitepu K M , Zainal  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rambutan peel is one of the agricultural wastes that is rarely used and contains several active compounds with antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial properties of rambutan peel can be used as a food preservative. However, these active compounds are unstable and degraded when exposed to air, heat, light, and water. This problem can be prevented by encapsulating the extract. There are two specific objectives of this study, knowing the types of active compounds contained in rambutan peel extract and determining the best coating material for encapsulated rambutan peel extract. The encapsulation process of rambutan peel extract was done by using thin layer drying method using maltodextrin, gum arabic, and gelatin as coating material. The encapsulated extracts were stored for one month and tested weekly. Test parameters of encapsulated rambutan peel extract were moisture content and antibacterial activity. The result showed that rambutan peel extract contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The use of maltodextrin and gum arabic as coating material was able to maintain bacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus during storage, while the use of gelatin as coating material can only maintain up two weeks of storage. The result also showed that rambutan peel extract could not maintain bacterial inhibition against Escherichia coli during storage.
Effect of heating temperature on physical, functional, and digestibility properties of Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC)
Authors: Andoyo R , Diani A Z , Fetriyuna F 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhey protein is a substance that is derived from the production of cheese. In its native form, whey protein has problems in its application in food products because it can cause a hard texture that affects sensory acceptance. It is necessary to modify the functional properties of whey protein so that it can be used more widely in the food industry. One of the modifications of whey protein is the heating treatment. The process was carried out by preheating at 70, 80, and 90°C. Then centrifuged for 15 minutes at 6000 rpm, then dried the solids using an oven vacuum at 50°C with a pressure of 25 inHg. The functional properties tested in this study were microstructure morphology, solubility, gel texture, voluminosity, and protein digestibility. The morphology of WPC powder produced significant differences between native and heating treatment. The microstructure results using TEM showed that the shape of native WPC was spherical and porous, while the heating treatment was flake-shaped. In terms of particle size distribution, native WPC and 80°C treatment have a bimodal pattern, while 70 and 90°C treatment have a unimodal pattern. As the heating temperature increases, the protein solubility will be getting lower. The lowest solubility was obtained at 90°C (16.04 ± 0.74%). Hardness produced in the gel with heating temperature significantly different than the native with the decreasing pH, the hardness produced will be higher. The fastest acidification rate produced until the final pH of 4.4 was at 80 and 90°C (270 minutes), which was faster than native (295 minutes). The heating treatment increase significantly differently in voluminosity than the native. Protein digestibility resulted in a significant difference between native and 80°C, where at 80°C (30.76 ± 0.07%), protein digestibility was higher than native (27.38 ± 0.09%).
The effect of modified (preheated) soybean concentrate powder on high protein biscuit
Authors: Huda S , Taira Y , Rahimah S , Nurhasanah S 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProtein is a key structural component in many foods. Soybeans are a plant-based protein source, that is used in food. Soy concentrate is generally high in nutrients, particularly protein, with an essential amino acid profile that is immense in plant products and closely resembles animal protein. In increasing the characteristics of processed soybean products, such as physical modification, namely the preheated process. The preheated process is a physical modification that requires heating the product at a specific temperature and time, with the aim of reaching the protein denaturation point for improving the functional characteristic of protein contents. Greater public interest in healthy diets, leading to contributes to the development of protein-enriched foods, one of which is biscuits. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified preheated soybean concentrate powder in the physical characteristic of high protein biscuits (11 - 15%). Texture characteristics, macrostructure, and sensory quality of biscuits were studied. In this study, soy protein was preheated for 20 minutes at a temperature of 80°C. The results showed that preheated treatment affected a decrease in texture quality compared to control biscuits, also it induced a decrease in porosity of biscuits, compared to control. The preheated treatment that reaches the denaturation point simulate improving the physical characteristic of biscuit, one of which is not give an excessive textural effect in the formulation of high-protein food. The best-preheated treatment was found in an 11% soy biscuit with a great texture.ImageJanalysis of macrostructural test results revealed that the porous biscuits were found in 11% preheated soy biscuits. According to the comparison sensory, triangle test, the panelists cannot defined a pair of control and 11% soy biscuit.
The effect of ripening methods and duration on the ripeness level of kepok banana
Authors: Haerani H , Aco A H A , Mursalim  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ripening is one of the methods used in speeding up the ripeness of kepok bananas and in ensuring the uniformity ripeness. Ripening bananas can be done by using plant leaves, including gamal leaves, lamtoro leaves and banana leaves. The objective of this study was to obtain the best ripening method of leaves and ripening duration for kepok bananas, which do not reduce the quality of bananas. The research method used was a laboratory experiment with data analysis. In this study, four treatments were used in ripening the bananas, i.e. (1) without using any leaves (control), (2) using banana leaves, (3) using gamal leaves and (4) using lamtoro leaves. Each treatment has 3 replications. The amount leaves used in this study was 20% of the weight of bananas. Parameters observed in the ripening process were (1) weight loss, (2) color, (3) hardness (texture), and (4) total dissolved solids. The best value produced for leaves ripening methods was gamal leaves for 5% weight loss parameter, banana leaves for texture parameter and color parameter with value of L* 41.80, a* -0.81, b*15.74, and lamtoro leaves for TPT value of 26.27 Brix.
A bibliometric analysis of understanding absorbent food for the development of sustainable packaging
Authors: Dirpan Andi , Djalal Muspirah , Prahesti Kusumandari Indah , Bahmid Nur Alim , Asab Sudarmayanti 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Absorbent packaging is a form of food packaging designed to absorb excess liquid and moisture that may be present in food products. This article provides a bibliometric analysis of the literature on food-absorbent packaging. The analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, and 121 documents were selected for the study. According to the study’s findings, the number of publications on food absorbent packaging has grown over time. As productive countries, the majority of the investigations were undertaken in China, the United States, and Brazil. The study also revealed that the most popular absorbent food packaging research topics are developing new materials, optimizing packaging performance, and evaluating the effectiveness of absorbent packaging in preserving food quality. In addition, a number of emerging research topics were identified, such as the application of nanotechnology to absorbent packaging and the development of biodegradable absorbent materials. This bibliometric analysis sheds light on the current state of absorbent food packaging research and identifies potential areas for future study. Researchers, food industry professionals, and policymakers can use the findings of this study to develop and implement more effective and environmentally favorable food packaging solutions.
Application of coconut shell biochar and rhizobacteria consortium to increase cocoa production (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Laurenze R , Ala A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research is aimed to study and investigate how coconut shell biochar interacts with rhizobacteria in increasing cocoa plant growth and production. This research was conducted at Kodeoha, North Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi with an alluvial soil type and average rainfall is 192.17 mm from October 2022 until January 2023. The experiment was set using a split plot design with biochar dosage as the Main Plot consisted of four levels, namely 0 ton ha−1 (control), 2.5 ton ha−1, 5 ton ha−1, and 7.5 ton ha−1 and rhizobacteria concentration as Sub Plots consisted of four levels, namely 0 mL L−1, 50 mL L−1, 100 mL L−1, and 150 mL L−1. The results of the recent research show a significant interaction between biochar 10 ton ha−1 and rhizobacteria 150 mL L−1 on the parameter of percentage of cherelle wilt (60.47 %) and percentage estimated of surviving pods (28.68%). This doses suggested to be applied to cocoa plantations in the field to maintain maximum production. In addition, there is a need for further research using spesific bacteria especially potassium solvents in order to maximize the production potential.
Substitution of cassava, wheat and carrot on wet noodles to support local food
Authors: Dewayani W , Rapi S , Muslimin  , Sudarsono  , Islam A N P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cassava is one of Indonesia’s local carbohydrate sources, ranking third after rice and corn. Cassava flour can be used to make noodles. One way to increase the nutritional value of noodles is to fortify nutrition with carrots. This study aims to determine the effect of substituting cassava flour with the addition of carrots on the quality of wet noodles. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that substituting cassava, wheat and carrot significantly affects the moisture content, β carotene, colour, texture, flavour and taste of wet noodles. Wet noodles that meet SNI standards treatment A (100% wheat + 0% cassava + 0% carrot), treatment B (70% wheat + 20% cassava + 10% carrot) and treatment D (10% wheat + 60% cassava + 30% carrot). The highest β carotene content and the best sensory was produced in the D treatment (10% wheat + 60% cassava + 30% carrot) with moisture 33.26%, β carotene 0.98 µg, a colour score of 3.93, texture score of 3.55, flavour score of 3.79 and taste score 3.71.
Growth and yield of seed priming using golden snail fertilizer liquid organic with on the katokkon chili variant
Authors: Yanti N A , Kaimuddin  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to increase the germination and growth of chili plants by using the seed priming technique with golden snail liquid organic fertilizer. The survey was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 in Buntudatu Village, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province, at an altitude of 900 m a.s.l. This research was carried out in the form a split-plot design. Experiment using a randomized block design (RBD).This experiment consists of two factors. The first was a 3-step cultivar, and the second was a subplot, concentration (T) of liquid organic fertilizer solution, which consisted of 3 steps and was repeated 3 times for each treatment, so we had 27 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment with the Katokkon pepper variety had an effect on the remaining fruit weight (89.97 g). The best results were obtained in the treatment with the Leatung 2 (V3) variant and the administration of golden snail liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 20 ml/L of water.
Effect of three fungi species application and concentration on production and pest attack on shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Cennawati  , Syam’un E , Haring F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the influence of three types of beneficial fungi with various concentration of application on shallot production and pest attacks. This research was carried out at the Plant Disease Laboratory and Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, from September to November 2022. This research was arranged in a split plot design. The main plots are three types of fungi, namely Trichoderma asperellum, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, while the plot consists of concentration consisting of 0, 7, and 14 g/L. Results showed that there was no interaction that had an influence on production, bulb moisture content, production per hectare and the percentage of Spodoptera exigua attacks. The highest production per hectare was recorded in the Beauveria bassiana treatment of 15.97 tons. The application of the fungus at a concentration of 14 g/L producing the lowest weight loss of bulb 3.17%, production per hectare of 17.27 t and the lowest percentage of Spodoptera exigua attacks was 6.19%.
The Growth of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L.) on the microalgae (Spirulina platensis) biomass-based nutrient solution
Authors: Adi E B M , Priadi D , Deswina P , Agustini N W S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Microalgae (Spirulina platensis), as an organic nutrition source, may play an important role in stimulating the nutritional needs of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa) in a hydroponic system. This study aimed to use S. platensis dry biomass as a nutrient source of Pak Choy grown hydroponically compared to commercial hydroponic nutrients (ABmix) as a control in screenhouse conditions. The experiment was arranged in a factorial design, the first factor was maceration time (0, 1, and 2 weeks), and the second was the concentration of S. platensis solution (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 g/l, and ABmix). The experimental design was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The observed variables were plant height, total leaf, fresh weight of root, shoots, total weight, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that there was no interaction in all observed variables. The maceration treatments did not affect the plant growth, except for plant weight (23.6 g) and leaf width (0.8 cm). However, S. platensis concentration treatments affected all observed variables significantly (p<0.01). On the other hand, all treatments showed tip burns three to four weeks after planting. It concluded that organic substances from S. platensis dry biomass have a potential use as hydroponics nutrient solutions. However, further study needs to be conducted to obtain the optimum treatments (concentration and maceration time) to produce healthier vegetables.
Farmers response to introducing of integrated crop management technology for lowland rice in Konawe district
Authors: Sugiman Sri Bananiek , Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani , Bungati  , Raharjo Didik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the efforts to spur national rice production is through the application of location-specific technological innovations, which is believed to support the program to increase national rice production when applied by farmers as recommended. The study aims to determine the response of farmers to the components of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology for lowland rice. The study was carried out in April - August 2021, located in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Respondents were 25 farmers who were involved in the NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY paddy rice demonstration plot. The response of farmers to the observed lowland rice farming technology refers to the component of rice Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology, which consists of: perfect tillage, quality seeds, lowland rice new superior variety, planting methods, use of organic matter, fertilization, pest management and disease and timely harvest. Data were analyzed with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study of farmers’ responses to the ICM technology components obtained, the response rate of farmers was 88%, included in the high category. This means that 88% of the introduced ICM technology components are accepted by farmers. Partially, the level of response of farmers to the components of ICM technology are: perfect tillage (100%), quality/labeled seeds (100%), organic matter (100%), timely harvest (100%), fertilization (90%), pest and disease management (80%), lowland rice NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY (75%), tapin and atabela Jarwo (60%).
Growth and production of superior rice varieties in freshwater swampland at the Alabio Polder, Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Maharani Puspita Harum , Noor Aidi , Yasin Muhammad , Ningsih Rina Dirgahayu , Yuliani Nurmili 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The freshwater swampland is one alternative as a source of food production in Indonesia because it is quite fertile and vast about 25.20 million ha. Several limitations of this area includes unpredictable water regime, floods in the rainy season, and drought in the dry season. The objective of this study is to evaluate new high yielding varieties and planting system in the freshwater swampland. The experiments were carried out in the freshwater swampland of the Alabio polder area, Teluk Cati Village, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency covering an area of 5 ha, in the dry season in 2013 and 2014. In 2013 there were two kinds of treatment: planting system (2:1 and 4:1) and varieties (Ciherang, Inpari-1, Inpari-17, and Inpari-19). In 2014, the treatment were varities (Ciherang, Inpari-1, Inpari-17 and Inpari-30) and planted by jajar legowo planting 4:1. The treatments were implemented by randomized block design with 10 replication. This study indicates that high-yielding varieties can increase rice productivity and farmer income. Rice productivity in the two growing seasons ranges from 4.46 to 7.12 t ha−1 dry grain. The study concluded that at freshwater swampland, jajar legowo (2:1 and 4:1) was not significantly different. The new superior varieties of rice like Inpari-1, Inpari-17 dan Inpari-30 can increase the productivity and income of farmers at Teluk Cati Village. In 2013 n 2014, the yield of inpari varieties (1, 17, 19, 30) were higher than ciherang, average yield 5,91 t/ha. Rice farming on freshwater swampland is profitable (RC−1 3.09 and 2.78) and feasible (BC−1 2.09 and 1.78).
Between Democratic Modernization and Authoritarian Punitiveness in Brazil: Mass Incarceration, Political Rationalities and the Dynamics of Subnational Variation
Authors: Fonseca David S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Since the return to democracy in the 1980s, the Federal government in Brazil promoted the democratic modernization of the criminal justice apparatus. However, the arrival of a post-neoliberal government to the federal administration at the beginning of the century took place simultaneously with the emergence of mass incarceration. Rather than readily blaming their penal policies for this development, the present work addresses aspects of subnational variation and different political rationalities for comprehending this increase in the prison population. The coexistence of neoliberal and post-neoliberal rationalities of governance around the country between 2007 and 2018 corresponded to significantly diverse trends in incarceration at the state level, in which neoliberal governments played a more prominent role. Besides, authoritarian punitiveness has acted as an obstacle to the modernization of crime and punishment practices and institutions throughout this period. The resurgence of authoritarianism as an autonomous political rationality in the 2018 elections reconfigured policies and attitudes in the field, mostly by reversing past modernizing efforts.
Should teachers use Platonic or Aristotelian dialogues for the moral education of young people?
Authors: Sanderse Wouter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Is a neo-Platonic theory of moral education better than a neo-Aristotelian one, because the former offers a dialogue method that teachers can use in universities to induce epiphanies in students, in order to jump-start the moral development of those with a rather vicious character? In this paper, this claim, put forward by Jonas and Nakazawa in their book A Platonic Theory of Moral Education, is evaluated. Admittedly, the Nicomachean Ethics, which came to us in the form of a collection of edited lecture notes, gives the impression that Aristotle was not interested in dialogue. But by looking at the dialogical form of the Ethics and by consulting some of his ideas on logic, I show that Aristotle’s oeuvre does include valuable ideas about how teachers may conduct dialogues with their students. These dialogues may not yield epiphanies and will not convert vicious adults, but they are suitable for reaching most students and can appeal to their emotions and practical wisdom. While Jonas and Nakazawa argue that Plato and Aristotle only agree on the centrality of habituation, imitation, and role-modelling in their accounts of moral education, I conclude that dialogue should be added to that list.