bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Manual Chest Compression for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Depression in Patients Under Deep Sedation During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , Wei Jingru , Shen Ning , Lu Tianyou , Xing Jibin , Mai Kangfeng , Li Jiaai , Hei Ziqing , Chen Chaojin 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to determine the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of modified manual chest compression (MMCC), a novel noninvasive and device-independent method, in reducing oxygen desaturation events in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation.

METHODS:
A total of 584 outpatients who underwent deep sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. In the preventive cohort, 440 patients were randomized to the MMCC group (patients received MMCC when their eyelash reflex disappeared, M1 group) or control group (C1 group). In the therapeutic cohort, 144 patients with oxygen desaturation of a Spo
2 < 95% were randomized to MMCC group (patients who subsequently received MMCC, M2 group) or the conventional treatment group (C2 group). The primary outcomes were the incidence of desaturation episodes with an Spo
2 < 95% for the preventive cohort and the time spent below 95% Spo
2 for the therapeutic cohort. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of gastroscopy withdrawal and diaphragmatic pause.

RESULTS:
In the preventive cohort, MMCC reduced the incidence of desaturation episodes <95% (14.4% vs 26.1%; RR, 0.549; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–0.815; P = .002), gastroscopy withdrawal (0% vs 2.29%; P = .008), and diaphragmatic pause at 30 seconds after propofol injection (74.5% vs 88.1%; RR, 0.846; 95% CI, 0.772–0.928; P < .001). In the therapeutic cohort, patients who received MMCC had a significantly shorter time spent below 95% Spo
2 (40 [20–69] seconds vs 91 [33–152] seconds, median difference [95% CI], −39 [−57 to −16] seconds, P < .001), a lower incidence of gastroscopy withdrawal (0% vs 10.4%, P = .018), and more enhanced diaphragmatic movement at 30 seconds after Spo
2 <95% (1.11 [0.93–1.4] cm vs 1.03 [0.7–1.24] cm; median difference [95% confidence interval], 0.16 [0.02–0.32] cm; P = .015).

CONCLUSIONS:
MMCC may exert preventive and therapeutic effects against oxygen desaturation events during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The Mystery of the Missing Pandemic
Authors: Banerjee Dwaipayan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the history of medicine, the 1918 influenza pandemic (otherwise known as the Spanish flu) occupies a curious place. For decades, historians have claimed that this event reshaped human history, but then somehow disappeared, leaving little historical trace. They have also claimed that this forgetting is particularly evident in the Global South, which experienced the worst devastation. If the Spanish flu has been forgotten, what would its memorialization look like? The first part of this essay outlines the dangers of presuming a proper mode of remembering. The second part proposes an alternative: what if we take the absence of memorialization not as a lack demanding intervention but as a conceptual insight? Finally, this essay clarifies the implications of this refusal to identify the Global South as a zone of exceptional abjection—of human lives as well as of historical accounting—for our practices of remembering COVID-19.
Comparative evaluation of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Achalli Sonika , Nayak U S Krishna , P S Murali , Shashidhar Keerthan , Kamath Vinayak 
Published: April 2023

Background: Dermatoglyphics is the study of various dermal configurations on the fingers, palms, and soles. These appear during the 12th week of intrauterine life and develop completely by the 24th week. It is said that they remain constant thereafter. The aim of the present study was to compare and assess the association of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods: Finger and palm prints were collected using the ink and roller method from 604 subjects who were divided into skeletal class I, class III with maxillary retrognathism and class III with mandibular prognathism based on lateral cephalogram assessment. Results: Loop pattern was more predominant in skeletal class I malocclusion subjects (72.1%) and whorl pattern was more frequent in the other two groups (group II=70.1% and group III=69.3%). Total finger ridge count (TFRC) and atd (digital triradius ‘a’- axial triradius ‘t’- digital triradius ‘d’) angle also showed significant difference between the study groups. Conclusions: The present study attempted in assessing the association between dermatoglyphic patterns and skeletal malocclusion. Analysing dermal configurations may aid in indicating the type of developing malocclusion and thus help in interceptive and preventive orthodontics.
STATE — BUSINESS — EDUCATION: A NEW FORMAT OF PARTNERSHIP IN THE CREATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors: Mahmudova Muhabbat 
Published: April 2023

Objective: to determine the resource for increasing the effectiveness of modern tools for maintaining and developing human capital both at the household level and at the level of corporations and the state.
Methods: generalization, abstraction and analysis of the factors of the digital economy that form the modern level and development of human capital.
Results: Through new forms of interaction between business structures, the state and the education sector, new models and formats of education, investments in human capital and motivation for its development are being formed.
Conclusions: In solving the problem of formation and development of modern human capital that meets the requirements of the digital economy, an effective partnership of the state, business and education is necessary.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF COMPETENCE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE PROCESS OF STAFF ROTATION
Authors: Shevchenko D. , Kutergin M. , Gasparovich E. 
Published: April 2023

Assessment of the level of competence of the professional service activities of military personnel is one of the significant tasks of a personnel management specialist in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. As a result, the use of assessing the level of competence of the professional performance of military personnel in the process of personnel rotation is an important area of research in the field of management. It is extremely important that every military organization has a reliable tool for assessing the level of competence of the professional performance of personnel.
The theoretical analysis presented in the study showed that there are various models for assessing the competence of professional activities in general, however, it is important to apply a specialized assessment of the level of competence of professional service activities of military personnel in the process of personnel rotation, which will avoid managerial errors.
The novelty of the study is revealed in the fact that the assessment of the competence of professional activity of personnel adapted in the work is used by the personnel manager as a tool for selecting military personnel for successful personnel rotation.
It is difficult to overestimate the practical significance of studying the potential for assessing the level of competence of professional service activities of military personnel in the process of personnel rotation.Tools for assessing the level of professional competencies of military personnel for appointment are presented to equal or higher military positions at the place of service or transfer of military personnel to a new place of military service and appointment to equal or higher military posts. As a result, based on the results obtained, a further rotation and professional career plan is drawn up, which in the future will allow the serviceman to achieve even higher performance results.
FORMING A STUDENT'S PERSONAL BRAND AS A TOOL FOR POSITIONING IN THE LABOR MARKET (PART II)
Authors: Shchegulina Oksana , Purlieva A. , Semenova E. , Holom'eva V. 
Published: April 2023

The article presents a description and results of a study of the possibilities of using a student’s personal brand for future positioning in the labor market and in professional activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the correspondence between the expectations of students, the need to form a personal brand for employment opportunities and the role of the personal brand of the applicant for the employer. The methodological basis of the study was a critical analysis of scientific literature, secondary data from ongoing studies, a review of expert opinions and primary empirical information necessary to achieve the goal. The first direction of empirical research (part I) in the form of an Internet survey was a survey of students of a higher educational institution in order to determine the attitude of a given social group to the problems of forming and developing a personal brand. The second area of empirical research (Part II) in the form of an online survey was a survey of HRM specialists in order to identify the importance of a student’s (young specialist’s) personal brand in the process of recruitment and professional development for the employer. To comprehend the obtained empirical information, the methods of generalization and comparative analysis were used. The results of the empirical study indicate that there are some differences in the perceptions of the importance of a personal brand among students and HR professionals. According to the authors, the data obtained confirm the disagreements identified at the stage of analysis of expert assessments in public discussions regarding the significance and necessity of forming a student’s personal brand. Despite this, research needs to be continued. Increasing the coverage in terms of the number and geography of student youth, as well as HR specialists, as representatives of the employer, will provide better results.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin in treatment of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders. Systematic review
Authors: Swacha Weronika , Pikulicka Agata , Szulc Izabela , Pacek Katarzyna , Piekarska Małgorzata , Kasperski Radosław , Jedlina Klaudia , Rusin Klaudia , Budziłło Julia , Dobrzańska Justyna 
Published: April 2023

The medical use of botulinum toxin nowadays is widespread. Recent years show that use of botulinum toxin is not only used to control the muscular overactivity in bruxism, tension in temporomandibular disorders but also it can be applied for cosmetic reasons. The objective of this study was to view recent discoveries in this subject by conducting a systemic review of clinical trials published in the research works.
Recent studies present efficacy in releasing pain in both: bruxism and temporomandibular disorders by minimizing symptoms and reducing the intensity of muscle contractions.The scientific works cited confirm a noticeable improvement in most symptoms occurring in the states mentioned above.
Product Aesthetic Design: A Machine Learning Augmentation
Authors: Burnap Alex , Hauser John R. , Timoshenko Artem 
Published: April 2023

Aesthetics are critically important to market acceptance. In the automotive industry, an improved aesthetic design can boost sales by 30% or more. Firms invest heavily in designing and testing aesthetics. A single automotive “theme clinic” can cost more than $100,000, and hundreds are conducted annually. We propose a model to augment the commonly used aesthetic design process by predicting aesthetic scores and automatically generating innovative and appealing product designs. The model combines a probabilistic variational autoencoder (VAE) with adversarial components from generative adversarial networks (GAN) and a supervised learning component. We train and evaluate the model with data from an automotive partner—images of 203 SUVs evaluated by targeted consumers and 180,000 high-quality unrated images. Our model predicts well the appeal of new aesthetic designs—43.5% improvement relative to a uniform baseline and substantial improvement over conventional machine learning models and pretrained deep neural networks. New automotive designs are generated in a controllable manner for use by design teams. We empirically verify that automatically generated designs are (1) appealing to consumers and (2) resemble designs that were introduced to the market five years after our data were collected. We provide an additional proof-of-concept application using open-source images of dining room chairs. History: Puneet Manchanda served as the senior editor. Funding: A. Burnap received support from General Motors to partially fund a postdoctoral research position for the research conducted in this work. He certifies that none of the research or its results were censored or obfuscated in its publication. J. Hauser and A. Timoshenko certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.1429 .
Empirical Model of Dynamic Merger Enforcement—Choosing Ownership Caps in U.S. Radio
Authors: Jeziorski Przemysław 
Published: April 2023

The paper introduces a method to conduct a forward-looking antitrust review of horizontal mergers. The method utilizes a dynamic oligopoly model in which mergers, entry/exit, and product repositioning are endogenous. The model provides long-run industry trajectories with and without the merger under review, enabling the regulator to obtain dynamically robust welfare comparisons. The paper demonstrates the framework’s application to regulate the U.S. radio broadcasting industry. In particular, it investigates the long-run efficacy of two commonly used merger heuristics: radio station ownership caps (see the Telecom Act of 1996) and static merger simulations. The paper finds that raising the ownership cap results in higher total welfare and demonstrates varying long-run effectiveness of merger simulations. This paper was accepted by Mathew Shum, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4599 .
The cost effectiveness of potential risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip within a national screening programme
Authors: Poacher Arwel T. , Froud Joseph L. J. , Caterson Jessica , Crook Daniel L. , Ramage Gregor , Marsh Luke , Poacher Gethin , Carpenter Eleanor C. 
Published: April 2023

AimsEarly detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is associated with improved outcomes of conservative treatment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate a novel screening programme that included both the primary risk factors of breech presentation and family history, and the secondary risk factors of oligohydramnios and foot deformities.MethodsA five-year prospective registry study investigating every live birth in the study’s catchment area (n = 27,731), all of whom underwent screening for risk factors and examination at the newborn and six- to eight-week neonatal examination and review. DDH was diagnosed using ultrasonography and the Graf classification system, defined as grade IIb or above or rapidly regressing IIa disease (≥4o at four weeks follow-up). Multivariate odds ratios were calculated to establish significant association, and risk differences were calculated to provide quantifiable risk increase with DDH, positive predictive value was used as a measure of predictive efficacy. The cost-effectiveness of using these risk factors to predict DDH was evaluated using NHS tariffs (January 2021).ResultsThe prevalence of DDH that required treatment within our population was 5/1,000 live births. The rate of missed presentation of DDH was 0.43/1000 live births. Breech position, family history, oligohydramnios, and foot deformities demonstrated significant association with DDH (p < 0.0001). The presence of breech presentation increased the risk of DDH by 1.69% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93% to 2.45%), family history by 3.57% (95% CI 2.06% to 5.09%), foot deformities by 8.95% (95% CI 4.81% to 13.1%), and oligohydramnios nby 11.6% (95 % CI 3.0% to 19.0%). Primary risk factors family history and breech presentation demonstrated an estimated cost-per-case detection of £6,276 and £11,409, respectively. Oligohydramnios and foot deformities demonstrated a cost-per-case detected less than the cost of primary risk factors of £2,260 and £2,670, respectively.ConclusionThe inclusion of secondary risk factors within a national screening programme was clinically successful as they were more cost and resource-efficient predictors of DDH than primary risk factors, suggesting they should be considered in the national guidance.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(4):234–240.
Temporal-spatial dynamics of electronic plasma in a femtosecond laser-induced sapphire microstructure
Authors: Niu Xiao , Chen Tao , Zhu Wenyu , Shen Tianlun , Si Jinhai 
Published: April 2023

In this study, the time-spatial evolution of single-pulse femtosecond laser-induced plasma in sapphire is studied by using femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe shadowgraphy. Laser-induced sapphire damage occurred when the pump light energy was increased to 20 µJ. Based on its shadowgraphy image, the threshold electron density can be estimated to be about 2.48×1020cm−3. The evolution law of the transient peak electron density and its spatial position as femtosecond laser propagation in sapphire were researched. The transitions from single-focus to multi-focus as the laser focus shifted from the surface to a deeper part were observed from the transient shadowgraphy images. The focal point distance in multi-focus increased as the focal depth increased. The distributions of femtosecond laser-induced free electron plasma and the final microstructure were consistent with each other.
Quantitative assessment of atelectasis formation under high frequency jet ventilation during liver tumour ablation–A computer tomography study
Authors: Galmén Karolina , Jakobsson Jan G. , Perchiazzi Gaetano , Freedman Jacob , Harbut Piotr 
Published: April 2023

Background
High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) can be used to minimise sub-diaphragmal organ displacements. Treated patients are in a supine position, under general anaesthesia and fully muscle relaxed. These are factors that are known to contribute to the formation of atelectasis. The HFJV-catheter is inserted freely inside the endotracheal tube and the system is therefore open to atmospheric pressure.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the formation of atelectasis over time during HFJV in patients undergoing liver tumour ablation under general anaesthesia.

Method
In this observational study twenty-five patients were studied. Repeated computed tomography (CT) scans were taken at the start of HFJV and every 15 minutes thereafter up until 45 minutes. From the CT images, four lung compartments were defined: hyperinflated, normoinflated, poorly inflated and atelectatic areas. The extension of each lung compartment was expressed as a percentage of the total lung area.

Result
Atelectasis at 30 minutes, 7.9% (SD 3.5, p = 0.002) and at 45 minutes 8,1% (SD 5.2, p = 0.024), was significantly higher compared to baseline 5.6% (SD 2.5). The amount of normoinflated lung volumes were unchanged over the period studied. Only a few minor perioperative respiratory adverse events were noted.

Conclusion
Atelectasis during HFJV in stereotactic liver tumour ablation increased over the first 45 minutes but tended to stabilise with no impact on normoinflated lung volume. Using HFJV during stereotactic liver ablation is safe regarding formation of atelectasis.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy Signals of Larsucosterol (DUR-928) in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Hassanein Tarek , McClain Craig J. , Vatsalya Vatsalya , Stein Lance L. , Flamm Steven L. , Martin Paul , Cave Matthew C. , Mitchell Mack , Barton Bruce , Nagy Laura , Szabo Gyongyi , McCullough Arthur , Dasarathy Srinivasin , Shah Jaymin , Blevins Christina , Scott Deborah , Krebs William , Brown James E. , Lin WeiQi 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
This study is to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of larsucosterol (DUR-928 or 25HC3S) in subjects with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a devastating acute illness without US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies.

METHODS:
This phase 2a, multicenter, open-label, dose escalation study evaluated the safety, PK, and efficacy signals of larsucosterol in 19 clinically diagnosed subjects with AH. Based on the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, 7 subjects were considered to have moderate AH and 12 to have severe AH. All subjects received 1 or 2 intravenous infusions (72 hours apart) of larsucosterol at a dose of 30, 90, or 150 mg and were followed up for 28 days. Efficacy signals from a subgroup of subjects with severe AH were compared with those from 2 matched arms of those with severe AH treated with standard of care (SOC), including corticosteroids, from a contemporaneous study.

RESULTS:
All 19 larsucosterol-treated subjects survived the 28-day study. Fourteen (74%) of all subjects including 8 (67%) of the subjects with severe AH were discharged ≤72 hours after receiving a single infusion. There were no drug-related serious adverse events nor early terminations due to the treatment. PK profiles were not affected by disease severity. Biochemical parameters improved in most subjects. Serum bilirubin levels declined notably from baseline to day 7 and day 28, and MELD scores were reduced at day 28. The efficacy signals compared favorably with those from 2 matched groups treated with SOC. Lille scores at day 7 were <0.45 in 16 of the 18 (89%) subjects with day 7 samples. Lille scores from 8 subjects with severe AH who received 30 or 90 mg larsucosterol (doses used in phase 2b trial) were statistically significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those from subjects with severe AH treated with SOC from the contemporaneous study.

DISCUSSION:
Larsucosterol was well tolerated at all 3 doses in subjects with AH without safety concerns. Data from this pilot study showed promising efficacy signals in subjects with AH. Larsucosterol is being evaluated in a phase 2b multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled (AHFIRM) trial.
Can Asthma Cause Pericardial Effusion? Insights Into an Intriguing Association
Authors: Karasu Betul Banu , Akin Berna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Pericardial effusion (PE) is a commonly encountered condition in clinical practice, but its etiology can be difficult to identify, with many cases remaining classified as idiopathic. This study aimed to investigate whether an association exists between asthma and idiopathic PE (IPE).

Methods
Patients who had been diagnosed with PE in the authors' outpatient cardiology clinics between March 2015 and November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The study population was divided into 2 groups—non-IPE (NIPE) and IPE—based on whether a cause had been identified. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data for the 2 groups were examined statistically.

Results
A total of 714 patients were enrolled in the study after exclusion of 40 cases. Of these 714 patients, 558 were allocated to the NIPE group and 156 to the IPE group (NIPE group median [IQR] age, 50 [41–58] years vs IPE group median [IQR] age, 47 [39–56] years; P = .03). Asthma was significantly more prevalent among patients in the IPE group than among those in the NIPE group (n = 54 [34.6%] vs n = 82 [14.7%]; P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, asthma (odds ratio, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.53–4.67]; P = .001) was found to be an independent predictor of IPE. In the IPE group, patients with asthma had either mild or moderate PE, with the right atrium being the most common location in these patients.

Conclusion
Asthma was an independent predictor of mild to moderate IPE. The right atrium was the most frequently encountered location for PE in patients with asthma.