bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between seropositivity for toxocariasis and cognitive functioning in older adults: an analysis of cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014
Authors: Song Ge , Yang Chao , Qu Zhe , Lin Xuechun , Liu Minhui , Wang Yanhong 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study sought to examine the relationship between seropositivity for toxocariasis and cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of US older adults.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collection took place in the US at participants’ homes and mobile examination centres with specialised equipment.ParticipantsThe study population consisted of 3188 community-dwelling US older adults aged 60 and above from the NHANES 2011 to 2014.Outcome measuresIgG antibody againstToxocaraspp was tested by a Luminex assay using recombinant rTc-CTL-1 antigen. A value >23.1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) indicated positive for toxocariasis and a value ≤23.1 MFI as negative for toxocariasis. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest immediate and delayed memory, the Animal Fluency test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were used to assess cognitive functioning. Cognitive test-specific and global cognitive z scores were computed using sample means and SD.ResultsThe study population consisted of 3188 participants who represented a total of 111 896 309 civilian citizens in the USA. The mean age of the participants was 69.6 years (standard deviation 6.8). The prevalence of toxocariasis in this population was 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1% to 8.5%). The survey-weighted linear regression model showed that compared with participants who were toxocariasis seronegative, those who were seropositive had lower DSST z score (beta [β] = −0.12, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.01) and global cognition z score (β=−0.11, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.01), after controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index, prevalent coronary heart disease, prevalent stroke, and systolic blood pressure, physical activity, and total cholesterol.ConclusionsIn our study, seropositive toxocariasis was independently and significantly associated with worse working memory, sustained attention, processing speed and global cognition in older adults. If this association is causal, public health measures to prevent human toxocariasis might help protect older adults’ cognitive function.
Prescription drugs with potential for misuse: protocol for a multi-indicator analysis of supply, detection and the associated health burden in Ireland between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Cousins Gráinne , Durand Louise , O’Kane Aoife , Tierney Julie , Maguire Richard , Stokes Siobhán , O’Reilly Deirdre , Arensman Ella , Bennett Kathleen E , Vázquez María Otero , Corcoran Paul , Lyons Suzi , Kavanagh Yvonne , Keenan Eamon 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThere is an increasing concern about the misuse of prescription drugs. Misuse refers to the intentional repurposing of prescribed drugs and/or the use of illicitly sourced prescription drugs, which may be counterfeit or contaminated. Drugs with the greatest potential for misuse are prescription opioids, gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs and stimulants.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the supply, patterns of use and health burden associated with prescription drugs with potential for misuse (PDPM) in Ireland between 2010 and 2020. Three inter-related studies will be carried out. The first study will describe trends in supply of PDPM using law enforcement drug seizures data and national prescription records from national community and prison settings. The second study aims to estimate trends in the detection of PDPM across multiple early warning systems using national forensic toxicology data. The third study aims to quantify the health burden associated with PDPM nationally, using epidemiological indicators of drug-poisoning deaths, non-fatal intentional drug overdose presentations to hospitals and drug treatment demand.Methods and analysisA retrospective observational study design, with repeated cross-sectional analyses, using negative binomial regression models or, where appropriate, joinpoint regression.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the RCSI Ethics Committee (REC202202020). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, scientific and drug policy meetings and with key stakeholders via research briefs.
Health and medical professionals’ antenatal HIV testing practices and perceived barriers to routine testing in Tasmania, Australia: a qualitative study
Authors: Ayton Jennifer Elizabeth , Bennett-Daly Grace , Nguyen Amy , Owen Louise 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study sought to explore health and medical professionals’ antenatal HIV testing practices and the perceived barriers to routine testing in Tasmania, Australia.DesignThis qualitative study undertook a Foucauldian-informed discourse analysis of 23 one-to-one semistructured phone interviews. The focus of our analysis was on language as a medium for interactions between clinicians and their patients.SettingPrimary health care and antenatal health services in the north, northwest and southern Tasmania, Australia.ParticipantsTwenty-three health and medical professionals (midwives (n=10), general practitioners (n=9) and obstetricians (n=4)) providing antenatal care.ResultsAntenatal HIV testing is practised within a discourse of ambiguous terminology, stigma and the perception that HIV is a theoretical risk, generating confusion among clinicians as to how and who is tested. This creates clinical hesitancy towards antenatal HIV testing, a barrier to universal prenatal HIV testing.ConclusionAntenatal HIV testing is undertaken within a discordant discourse generating clinical hesitancy where HIV is perceived as a theoretical risk and surrounded by stigma. Using neutral language and replacing the words ‘routine’ and ‘recommended’ with ‘universal’ testing in public health policy and clinical guidelines could increase health providers’ confidence and reduce ambiguity and the legacy of HIV stigma.
Using pooled urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal specimens to detectChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeamong men who have sex with men in China: a multisite diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Jiang Ting-Ting , Cao Ning-Xiao , Shi Mei-Qin , Jia Tian-Jian , Zhou Qian , Liu Jing-Wei , Zhang Jin , Zhang Yan , Yin Yue-Ping , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesScreening forChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) at both urogenital and extragenital sites has been recommended in many countries. Testing of the infections using pooled specimens from urogenital and extragenital sites offer the opportunity to shorten the testing time and reduce the testing cost. Ex-ante pooling is placing the original single-site specimens in a tube with transport media, while ex-post pooling is making a pool of the transport media from both anorectal and oropharyngeal specimens and the urine. This study aimed to conduct a multisite performance evaluation of two pool-specimen approaches (ex-ante and ex-post) in detection of CT and NG using the Cobas 4800 platform among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.DesignDiagnostic accuracy study.Setting, participants and outcome measuresParticipants were recruited from MSM communities at six cities in China. Two oropharyngeal and anorectal swabs collected by clinical staff and 20 mL first-void urine collected by the participant himself were used for evaluating sensitivity and specificity.ResultsA total of 1311 specimens were collected from 437 participants in six cities. The sensitivities of ex-ante pooling approach as compared with single-specimen approach (reference standard) were 98.7% (95% CI, 92.7% to 100.0%) for detection of CT and 89.7% (95% CI, 75.8% to 97.1%) for NG, and the specificities were 99.5% (95% CI, 98.0% to 99.9%) and 98.7% (95% CI, 97.1% to 99.6%), respectively. The sensitivities of ex-post pooling approach were 98.7% (95% CI, 92.7% to 100.0%) for CT and 100.0% (95% CI, 91.0% to 100.0%) for NG, and the specificities were 100.0% (95% CI, 99.0% to 100.0%) and 100.0% (95% CI, 99.1% to 100.0%), respectively.ConclusionsThe ex-ante and ex-post pooling approaches show good sensitivity and specificity in detecting urogenital and extragenital CT and/or NG, indicating that these approaches can be used in epidemiological surveillance and clinical management of CT and NG infections, particularly among MSM population.
Intraoperative pharmacologic opioid minimisation strategies and patient-centred outcomes after surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Verret Michael , Lam Nhat Hung , Fergusson Dean A , G Nicholls Stuart , Turgeon Alexis F , McIsaac Daniel I , Gilron Ian , Hamtiaux Myriam , Srichandramohan Sriyathavan , Al-Mazidi Abdulaziz , A Fergusson Nicholas , Hutton Brian , Zivkovic Fiona , Graham Megan , Geist Allison , Lê Maxime , Berube Melanie , Poulin Patricia , Shorr Risa , Daudt Helena , Martel Guillaume , McVicar Jason , Moloo Husein , Lalu Manoj M 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionFor close to a century opioid administration has been a standard of care to complement anaesthesia during surgery. Considering the worldwide opioid epidemic, this practice is now being challenged and there is a growing use of systemic pharmacological opioid minimising strategies. Our aim is to conduct a scoping review that will examine clinical trials that have evaluated the impact of intraoperative opioid minimisation strategies on patient-centred outcomes and identify promising strategies.Methods and analysisOur scoping review will follow the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINAHL from their inception approximately in March 2023. We will include randomised controlled trials, assessing the impact of systemic intraoperative pharmacologic opioid minimisation strategies on patient-centred outcomes. We define an opioid minimisation strategy as any non-opioid drug with antinociceptive properties administered during the intraoperative period. Patient-centred outcomes will be defined and classified based on the consensus definitions established by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative (StEP-COMPAC group) and informed by knowledge users and patient partners. We will use a coproduction approach involving interested parties. Our multidisciplinary team includes knowledge users, patient partners, methodologists and knowledge user organisations. Knowledge users will provide input on methods, outcomes, clinical significance of findings, implementation and feasibility. Patient partners will participate in assessing the relevance of our design, methods and outcomes and help to facilitate evidence translation. We will provide a thorough description of available clinical trials, compare their reported patient-centred outcome measures with established recommendations and identify promising strategies.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for the review. Our scoping review will inform future research including clinical trials and systematic reviews through identification of important intraoperative interventions. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, presentation at conferences and through our network of knowledge user collaborators.RegistrationOpen Science Foundation (currently embargoed)
Can youth-engaged research facilitate equitable access to contraception in Canada? The qualitative study protocol for the Ask Us project
Authors: Munro Sarah , Di Meglio Giuseppina , Williams Aleyah , Barbic Skye Pamela , Begun Stephanie , Black Amanda , Carson Andrea , Fortin Michelle , Jacob Kaiya , Khan Zeba , Martin-Misener Ruth , Meherali Salima , Paller Victoria , Seiyad Hajar , Vallée Carol-Anne , Wahl Kate , Norman Wendy V 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThere is little to no evidence in Canada on the barriers that youth face when accessing contraception. We seek to identify the contraception access, experiences, beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and needs of youth in Canada, from the perspectives of youth and youth service providers.Methods and analysisThis prospective, mixed-methods, integrated knowledge mobilisation study, the Ask Us project, will involve a national sample of youth, healthcare and social service providers, and policy makers recruited via a novel relational mapping and outreach approach led by youth. Phase I will centre the voices of youth and their service providers through in-depth one-on-one interviews. We will explore the factors influencing youth access to contraception, theoretically guided by Levesque’s Access to Care framework. Phase II will focus on the cocreation and evaluation of knowledge translation products (youth stories) with youth, service providers, and policy makers.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from the University of British Columbia’s Research Ethics Board (H21-01091). Full open-access publication of the work will be sought in an international peer-reviewed journal. Findings will be disseminated to youth and service providers through social media, newsletters, and communities of practice, and to policy makers through invited evidence briefs and face-to-face presentations.
Cohort profile: Impact of Maternal and Paternal Mental Health – Assessing Concurrent Depression, Anxiety and Comorbidity in the Canadian Family (IMPACT study)
Authors: Dennis Cindy-Lee , Vigod Simone , Grigoriadis Sophie , Brown Hillary , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Dol Justine , Wade Mark , Falah-Hassani Kobra , Shiri Rahman , Marini Flavia 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis paper describes a prospective cohort, Impact of Maternal and Paternal Mental Health: Assessing Concurrent Depression, Anxiety and Comorbidity in The Canadian Family (IMPACT) study, which followed maternal–paternal dyads and their children across the first 2 years post partum.ParticipantsA total of 3217 cohabitating maternal–paternal dyads were recruited into the study from 2014 to 2018. Each dyad member separately completed online questionnaires at baseline (<3 weeks post partum) and again at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months on a variety of measures, including mental health, parenting environment, family functioning and child health and development.Findings to dateAt baseline, the mean maternal age was 31.9±4.2 years and 33.8±5.0 years for fathers. Overall, 12.8% of families had a household income below the poverty line of $C50 000, and 1 in 5 mothers and 1 in 4 fathers were not born in Canada. One in 10 women experienced depressive symptoms during pregnancy (9.7%) and 1 in 6 had markedly anxious symptoms (15.4%) while 1 in 20 men reported feeling depression during their partner’s pregnancy and 1 in 10 had marked anxiety (10.1%). Approximately 91% of mothers and 82% of fathers completed the 12-month questionnaire as did 88% of mothers and 78% of fathers at 24 months postpartum.Future plansThe IMPACT study will examine the influence of parental mental illness in the first 2 years of a child’s life with a focus on understanding the mechanisms by which single (maternal or paternal) versus dual (maternal and paternal) parental depression, anxiety and comorbidity symptoms affect family and infant outcomes. Future analyses planned to address the research objectives of IMPACT will consider the longitudinal design and dyadic interparental relationship.
Prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions and poor health among older adults with and without vision impairment in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gu Yiran , Cheng Haozhe , Liu Xiaoyun , Dong Xiaodong , Congdon Nathan , Ma Xiaochen 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the self-reported prevalence of 13 chronic conditions and poor health among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older with and without self-reported vision impairment.DesignCross-sectional study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018, a nationally representative survey of Chinese adults aged 45 years and older involving 19 374 participants.MethodsWe used logistic regression to assess the association between vision impairment and 13 common chronic conditions and between vision impairment and poor health for those with any of these chronic conditions.ResultsOlder people with self-reported vision impairment were significantly more likely to report all 13 chronic conditions (all p<0·05). After controlling for age, gender, education, residential status (rural vs urban), smoking and BMI, the highest adjusted odds were for hearing impairment (OR=4.00 (95% CI 3·60 to 4·44]) and depression (OR=2.28 (95% CI 2.06 to 2.51)). The lowest risk, though still significant, was for diabetes (OR=1·33 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.05)) and hypertension (OR=1.20 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.38)). After controlling for these potential confounding factors, among older people with chronic conditions, those with vision impairment were 2.20 to 4.04 times more likely to have poor health, compared with those without vision impairment (all p<0.001), with the exception of cancer (p=0.595).ConclusionsHigher prevalence of chronic conditions is strongly associated with vision impairment among older Chinese adults and poor health is strongly associated with vision impairment among people with chronic conditions.
An examination of factors contributing to the racial disparity and disproportionality of paediatric firearm-related homicide: a mixed-methods analysis using the national violent death reporting system (NVDRS)
Authors: Hunter Amy A , Schwab-Reese Laura , DiVietro Susan , Green Christa 
Published: March 2023

Firearms are a leading cause of paediatric mortality in the United States. This study examines the contributing factors of racial disparity and disproportionality among paediatric firearm decedents aged 0–17 years.We used the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) to assess the individual and incident-level circumstances of paediatric firearm homicides from 2014 to 2018 in 17 US states.Among 1085 paediatric firearm homicides, non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) died at a rate three times greater than their proportion in the general population; they were nine times as likely to die by firearm homicide as non-Hispanic whites (NHW). NHW children were more often the victims of firearm homicide perpetrated by a parent/caregiver, and of homicide-suicides.Violence interruption programmes among NHB youth, and family-based interventions among NHW youth may be effective in preventing firearm homicide and homicide-suicide. Systematic investigations into firearm homicide perpetrators are necessary to better understand observed racial disparities.
Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment—Achilles thresholds for minimal important change and return to presymptom activity level in active soldiers with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Paantjens M A , Helmhout P H , Backx F J G , Bakker E W P 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (mid-AT) is common in soldiers, significantly impacting activity levels and operational readiness. Currently, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment—Achilles (VISA-A) represents the gold standard to evaluate pain and function in mid-AT. Our objective was to estimate VISA-A thresholds for minimal important change (MIC) and patient-acceptable symptom state for return to the presymptom activity level (PASS-RTA), in soldiers treated with a conservative programme for mid-AT.MethodsA total of 40 soldiers (40 unilateral symptomatic Achilles tendons) were included in this prospective cohort study. Pain and function were evaluated using VISA-A. Self-perceived recovery was assessed with the Global Perceived Effect scale. The predictive modelling method (MIC-predict) was used to estimate MIC VISA-A post-treatment (after 26 weeks) and after 1 year of follow-up. The post-treatment PASS-RTA VISA-A was estimated using receiver operating characteristic statistics. The PASS-RTA was determined by calculating Youden’s index value closest to 1.ResultsThe adjusted MIC-predict was 6.97 points (95% CI 4.18 to 9.76) after 26 weeks and 7.37 points (95% CI 4.58 to 10.2) after 1 year of follow-up post-treatment.The post-treatment PASS-RTA was 95.5 points (95% CI 92.2 to 97.8).ConclusionsA VISA-A change score of 7 points, post-treatment and at 1 year of follow-up, can be considered a minimal within-person change over time, above which soldiers with mid-AT perceive themselves importantly changed. Soldiers consider their symptoms to be acceptable for return to their presymptom activity level at a post-treatment VISA-A score of 96 points or higher.Trial registration numberNL69527.028.19.
Potential impacts of spatial restrictions on tobacco retail availability in China: a simulation study in Shanghai
Authors: Zheng Chunyu , Pearce Jamie , Feng Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
Regulating tobacco retail availability provides promising new opportunities for effective tobacco control. This study simulates the potential impacts of introducing spatial restrictions on the availability of tobacco in Shanghai, the largest city in China.

Methods
Twelve stakeholder-informed simulation scenarios under four types of spatial restrictions were considered: (1) capping, (2) ban of sales, (3) minimum spacing and (4) school-buffer exclusion zone. Tobacco retailer data for Shanghai (n=19 413) were used. The main outcome was per cent reduction in retail availability measured by population-weighted kernel density estimation across neighbourhoods, and impacts on social inequality in availability were estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and effect size estimation. All analyses were further stratified by three levels of urbanity to examine geographical disparities in overall effectiveness and equity of the simulation scenarios.

Results
All simulation scenarios have the potential to reduce availability, with overall reductions ranging from 8.60% to 85.45%. Compared with the baseline, the effect size regarding the association between availability and neighbourhood deprivation quintiles suggests that the most effective scenario, ‘500 m minimum spacing’ between retailers, increased the social inequality in availability (p<0.001). Conversely, school-buffer scenarios were both effective and equitable. Additionally, the effectiveness and the equity impact of scenarios varied by urbanity level.

Conclusion
Spatial restrictions offer potential new policy opportunities to reduce retail availability, but some may increase social inequality in accessing tobacco. For effective tobacco control, policymakers should consider the overall and equity impacts of spatial restrictions when developing comprehensive tobacco retail regulations.
Characterising dark matter-induced neutrino potentials
Authors: Salla Gabriel M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper we explore interactions between neutrinos and dark matter. In particular, we study how the propagation of astrophysical neutrinos can be modified by computing the most general potential generated by the galactic DM background. We use on-shell techniques to compute this potential in a completely model independent way and obtain an expression valid for any dark matter mass and spin. Afterwards, we use this expression to analyse under what circumstances such potential can be important at the phenomenological level, and we find that under some assumptions only ultra light scalar dark matter could be of any relevance to oscillation experiments.