bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for clinical and functional outcomes in stroke patients with first‐pass complete recanalization after thrombectomy
Authors: Cappellari Manuel , Saia Valentina , Pracucci Giovanni , Fainardi Enrico , Casetta Ilaria , Sallustio Fabrizio , Nencini Patrizia , Bigliardi Guido , Saletti Andrea , Ruggiero Maria , Da Ros Valerio , Castellan Lucio , Tassi Rossana , Mandruzzato Nicolò , Toni Danilo , Mangiafico Salvatore ,   the IRETAS group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to identify baseline clinical and radiological/procedural predictors and 24‐h radiological predictors for clinical and functional outcomes in stroke patients obtaining complete recanalization in one pass of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in an optimal baseline and procedural setting.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of prospectively collected data from 924 stroke patients with anterior large vessel occlusion, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) score ≥6 and pre‐stroke modified Rankin Scale score 0, who started MT ≤6 h from symptom onset and obtained first‐pass complete recanalization. A first logistic regression model was performed to identify baseline clinical predictors and a second model to identify baseline radiological/procedural predictors. A third model including baseline clinical and radiological/procedural predictors was performed, and a fourth model including independent baseline predictors from the third model plus 24‐h radiological variables (hemorrhagic transformation [HT] and cerebral edema [CED]).ResultsIn the fourth model, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (odds ratio [OR] 1.089) and higher ASPECT score (OR 1.292) were predictors of early neurological improvement (ENI) (NIHSS score ≤4 points from baseline or NIHSS score of 0 at 24 h), whereas older age (OR 0.973), longer procedure time (OR 0.990), HT (OR 0.272) and CED (OR 0.569) were inversely associated with ENI. Older age (OR 0.970), diabetes mellitus (OR 0.456), higher NIHSS score (OR 0.886), general anesthesia (OR 0.454), longer onset‐to‐groin time (OR 0.996), HT (OR 0.340) and CED (OR 0.361) were inversely associated with 3‐month excellent functional outcome (mRS score 0–1), whereas higher ASPECT score (OR 1.294) was a predictor of excellent outcome.ConclusionsHigher NIHSS score was a predictor of ENI but inversely associated with 3‐month excellent outcome. Older age, HT and CED were inversely associated with both good outcomes.
Early predictors of dysphagia in ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Mattavelli Daniele , Mele Francesco , Cova Ilaria , Rosa Silvia , Bertora Pierluigi , Pomati Simone , Pizzorni Nicole , Schindler Antonio , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePost‐stroke dysphagia affects outcome. In acute stroke patients, the aim was to evaluate clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging features associated with dysphagia and develop a predictive score for dysphagia.MethodsIschaemic stroke patients underwent clinical, cognitive and pre‐morbid function evaluations. Dysphagia was retrospectively scored on admission and discharge with the Functional Oral Intake Scale.ResultsIn all, 228 patients (mean age 75.8 years; 52% males) were included. On admission, 126 (55%) were dysphagic (Functional Oral Intake Scale ≤6). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.05), pre‐event modified Rankin scale (mRS) score (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09–1.84), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.49–2.14), frontal operculum lesion (OR 8.53, 95% CI 3.82–19.06) and Oxfordshire total anterior circulation infarct (TACI) (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.04) were independently associated with dysphagia at admission. Education (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98) had a protective role. At discharge, 82 patients (36%) were dysphagic. Pre‐event mRS (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04–1.56), admission NIHSS (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.56–2.26), frontal operculum involvement (OR 15.53, 95% CI 7.44–32.43) and Oxfordshire classification TACI (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.95–7.50) were independently associated with dysphagia at discharge. Education (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.96) and thrombolysis (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.23–0.95) had a protective role. The 6‐point “NOTTEM” (NIHSS, opercular lesion, TACI, thrombolysis, education, mRS) score predicted dysphagia at discharge with good accuracy. Cognitive scores had no role in dysphagia risk.ConclusionsDysphagia predictors were defined and a score was developed to evaluate dysphagia risk during stroke unit stay. In this setting, cognitive impairment is not a predictor of dysphagia. Early dysphagia assessment may help in planning future rehabilitative and nutrition strategies.
Rapid recovery of poststroke cardiac autonomic dysfunction: Causes to be considered
Authors: Wang Ruihao , Moeller Sebastian , Akhundova Aynur , Marthol Harald , Kollmar Rainer , Köhrmann Martin , Hilz Max J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAcute stroke frequently causes cardiovascular–autonomic dysfunction (CAD). Studies of CAD recovery are inconclusive, whereas poststroke arrhythmias may wane within 72 h. We evaluated whether poststroke CAD recovers within 72 h upon stroke onset in association with neurological improvement or increased use of cardiovascular medication.MethodsIn 50 ischemic stroke patients (68 ± 13 years old) who—prior to hospital‐admission—had no known diseases nor took medication affecting autonomic modulation, we assessed National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, RR intervals (RRIs), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), respiration rate, parameters reflecting total autonomic modulation (RRI SD, RRI total powers), sympathetic modulation (RRI low‐frequency powers, systolic BP low‐frequency powers), and parasympathetic modulation (square root of mean squared differences of successive RRIs [RMSSD], RRI high‐frequency powers), and baroreflex sensitivity within 24 h (Assessment 1) and 72 h after stroke onset (Assessment 2) and compared data to those of 31 healthy controls (64 ± 10 years). We correlated delta NIHSS values (Assessment 1 – Assessment 2) with delta values of autonomic parameters (Spearman rank correlation tests; significance:p < 0.05).ResultsAt Assessment 1, patients were not yet on vasoactive medication and had higher systolic BP, respiration rate, and heart rate, that is, lower RRIs, but lower RRI SD, RRI coefficient of variance, RRI low‐frequency powers, RRI high‐frequency powers, RRI total powers, RMSSDs, and baroreflex sensitivity. At Assessment 2, patients were on antihypertensives, had higher RRI SD, RRI coefficient of variance, RRI low‐frequency powers, RRI high‐frequency powers, RRI total powers, RMSSDs, and baroreflex sensitivity but lower systolic blood pressure and NIHSS values than at Assessment 1; values no longer differed between patients and controls except for lower RRIs and higher respiration rate in patients. Delta NIHSS scores correlated inversely with delta values of RRI SD, RRI coefficient of variance, RMSSDs, RRI low‐frequency powers, RRI high‐frequency powers, RRI total powers, and baroreflex sensitivity.ConclusionsIn our patients, CAD recovery was almost complete within 72 h after stroke onset and correlated with neurological improvement. Most likely, early initiation of cardiovascular medication and probably attenuating stress supported rapid CAD recovery.
Weather and exercise: A comparative review and the role of geographers
Authors: Hodgson Antonia , Hitchings Russell 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs part of an argument about the value of a geographical approach to the connection between local weather and physical exercise, this paper begins with how that connection features in four areas of scholarship that have been at the forefront of exploring it so far. By comparing how each of them commonly imagines ‘the human’ and ‘the weather’ in their studies, we particularly highlight how different bodies of work illuminate different facets of the weather‐exercise connection. This, we suggest, represents an opportunity for geographers to explore how these facets combine in context with a view to tackling the complex public health challenges associated with increasing human inactivity and a warming world. Building on that, we end with three promising cross‐cutting themes that we think could usefully guide these endeavours: adaptation, decision‐making and place.
Estimating Freshwater Lens Volume Based on Island Circularity
Authors: Thissen Lena , Greskowiak Janek , Massmann Gudrun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor many islands around the globe freshwater lenses (FWLs) are an important source of drinking water. Therefore, it is important to be able to estimate the amount of potable water below an island. This study provides a new approach on estimating FWL volumes from the islands' shape using a circularity parameter. FWLs of islands having several shapes, either shapes of real islands or idealized shapes, were modeled using a numerical steady‐state approach and the Ghyben‐Herzberg relation. Results were then compared in order to estimate possible FWL volumes of islands of various shapes from FWL volumes of islands with idealized shapes. Approximate lower and upper boundaries for the FWL volume were defined depending on the lens volumes of an elliptical island having the same circularity and that of a circular island, respectively, and on the circularity. For the maximum depth of a FWL it is not possible to define such an interval from the subset of islands used in this study. The presented findings can help to estimate the FWL volume on islands for which no data are available. The method may also be applied to give a first indication on potential FWL volume changes following climate change.
FAM20A mutations and transcriptome analyses of dental pulp tissues of enamel renal syndrome
Authors: Wang Shih‐Kai , Zhang Hong , Wang Yin‐Lin , Lin Hung‐Ying , Seymen Figen , Koruyucu Mine , Wright J. Timothy , Kim Jung‐Wook , Simmer James P. , Hu Jan C.‐C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimBiallelic loss‐of‐function FAM20A mutations cause amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) type IG, better known as enamel renal syndrome (ERS), characterized by severe enamel hypoplasia, delayed/failed tooth eruption, intrapulpal calcifications, gingival hyperplasia and nephrocalcinosis. FAM20A binds to FAM20C, the Golgi casein kinase (GCK) and potentiates its function to phosphorylate secreted proteins critical for biomineralization. While many FAM20A pathogenic mutations have been reported, the pathogeneses of orodental anomalies in ERS remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to identify disease‐causing mutations for patients with ERS phenotypes and to discern the molecular mechanism underlying ERS intrapulpal calcifications.MethodologyPhenotypic characterization and whole exome analyses were conducted for 8 families and 2 sporadic cases with hypoplastic AI. A minigene assay was performed to investigate the molecular consequences of a FAM20A splice‐site variant. RNA sequencing followed by transcription profiling and gene ontology (GO) analyses were carried out for dental pulp tissues of ERS and the control.ResultsBiallelic FAM20A mutations were demonstrated for each affected individual, including 7 novel pathogenic variants: c.590‐5T>A, c.625T>A (p.Cys209Ser), c.771del (p.Gln258Argfs*28), c.832_835delinsTGTCCGACGGTGTCCGACGGTGTC CA (p.Val278Cysfs*29), c.1232G>A (p.Arg411Gln), c.1297A>G (p.Arg433Gly) and c.1351del (p.Gln451Serfs*4). The c.590‐5T>A splice‐site mutation caused Exon 3 skipping, which resulted in an in‐frame deletion of a unique region of the FAM20A protein, p.(Asp197_Ile214delinsVal). Analyses of differentially expressed genes in ERS pulp tissues demonstrated that genes involved in biomineralization, particularly dentinogenesis, were significantly upregulated, such as DSPP, MMP9, MMP20 and WNT10A. Enrichment analyses indicated overrepresentation of gene sets associated with BMP and SMAD signalling pathways. In contrast, GO terms related to inflammation and axon development were underrepresented. Among BMP signalling genes, BMP agonists GDF7, GDF15, BMP3, BMP8A, BMP8B, BMP4 and BMP6 were upregulated, while BMP antagonists GREM1, BMPER and VWC2 showed decreased expression in ERS dental pulp tissues.ConclusionsUpregulation of BMP signalling underlies intrapulpal calcifications in ERS. FAM20A plays an essential role in pulp tissue homeostasis and prevention of ectopic mineralization in soft tissues. This critical function probably depends upon MGP (matrix Gla protein), a potent mineralization inhibitor that must be properly phosphorylated by FAM20A‐FAM20C kinase complex.
Genetic landscape of human platelet antigen variants in the Indian population analysed from 1029 whole genomes
Authors: Rophina Mercy , Bhoyar Rahul C. , Imran Mohamed , Senthivel Vigneshwar , Divakar Mohit Kumar , Mishra Anushree , Vatsyayan Aastha , Jolly Bani , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGenetic variants in human platelet antigens (HPAs) considered allo‐ or auto antigens are associated with various disorders, including neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion refractoriness and post‐transfusion purpura. Although global differences in genotype frequencies were observed, the distributions of HPA variants in the Indian population are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the landscape of HPA variants in India to provide a basis for risk assessment and management of related complications. Population‐specific frequencies of genetic variants associated with the 35 classes of HPAs (HPA‐1 to HPA‐35) were estimated by systematically analysing genomic variations of 1029 healthy Indian individuals as well as from global population genome datasets. Allele frequencies of the most clinically relevant HPA systems in the Indian population were found as follows, HPA‐1a – 0.884, HPA‐1b – 0.117, HPA‐2a – 0.941, HPA‐2b – 0.059, HPA‐3a – 0.653, HPA‐3b – 0.347, HPA‐4a – 0.999, HPA‐4b – 0.0010, HPA‐5a – 0.923, HPA‐5b – 0.077, HPA‐6a – 0.998, HPA‐6b – 0.002, HPA‐15a – 0.582 and HPA‐15b – 0.418. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of HPA allele and genotype frequencies using large scale representative whole genome sequencing data of the Indian population.
Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in Canadian immunology: communication and complexity
Authors: Mashhouri Siavash , Nantel Sabryna , Sultana Saki , Gatti Dominique , Westhaver Lauren P , Messing Melina , McNagny Kelly M , Jenne Craig N , Melichar Heather J , Valdez Tejeira Yanet , Nersesian Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) organized an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) training workshop during its 2022 Scientific Meeting to improve understanding of EDI and explore strategies to achieve EDI goals in the scientific environment. The workshop focused on identifying Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) goals related to EDI in academia through small group discussions and learning exercises. Attendees highlighted several equity considerations within the field of academic immunology, including financial barriers, lack of diversity in research teams and gender bias; they emphasized the importance of creating an inclusive and accessible research environment. The collection and use of data relevant to EDI goals within the CSI were also identified as challenges. Fostering a culture of active and nonjudgmental listening within the CSI community is another aspirational goal to address EDI. The workshop received positive feedback from attendees, who noted that more diverse voices and specific actions for local research environments are needed.
In‐field evaporative protection for dryland wheat and lentil crops using polymers
Authors: Nuttall James G. , Delahunty Audrey J. , O'Leary Garry J. , Wallace Ashley J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn semi‐arid cropping regions where rainfall is variable, stored soil water is important for reducing the impacts of dry periods; however, in‐season evaporation limits yield potential. We tested the productivity benefits of protecting wheat and lentil crops from evaporation using inter‐row polymer cover, when grown in southern Australia. For wheat, white polyvinyl chloride (PVCw) increased yield by 50% (561 kg/ha) and 11% (408 kg/ha) for decile 2 (2018) and 3 (2019) seasonal rainfall respectively; and for lentil, yield increases were 20% (443 kg/ha) in 2019. A sprayable alginate polymer increased wheat yield by 8% (310 kg/ha). Total water use for wheat in 2018 was reduced (17 mm) for PVCw and water use efficiency (WUE) significantly increased from 7 to 11 kg/ha/mm, whereas in 2019, WU was greater (47 mm) for PVCw, but WUE was equivalent to the control (~15 kg/ha/mm). Colour of the PVC modified the light available to the crop and canopy temperature, where a highly reflective inter‐row cover (albedo 0.44) increased wheat yield (~487 kg/ha). For the future, formulations of highly reflective polymers applied in‐season within dryland cropping enterprises are likely to provide production advantages, although logistical viability of application and potential environmental implications may define impediments to adoption.
Resolved‐detrimental surface crystallization in yttrium lanthanum gallate glasses for optical fiber applications
Authors: Calzavara Florian , Florian Pierre , Fayon Franck , Sarou‐Kanian Vincent , Guérineau Théo , Danto Sylvain , Messaddeq Younès , Dussauze Marc , Jubera Véronique , Cardinal Thierry , Fargin Evelyne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGallium‐rich heavy metal oxide glasses have become highly attractive optical materials since they exhibit a wide transparency window spanning from the ultraviolet ∼270 nm up to the mid‐infrared (IR) region ∼6 μm making them promising for a future integration in optical fiber devices. Nonetheless, in most composition, surface crystallization is a key limiting factor for optical fiber drawing using the classical preform‐to‐fiber method. Herein, taking advantage of structural information from vibrational spectroscopies (Raman/IR) and 71Ga Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, we describe the key role of lanthanum and yttrium rare—earth elements on the glass structure and their impact on the capability to draw those new glass compositions into optical fibers. This approach emphasizes that yttrium ions as compared with lanthanum ones favor the glass disorder, increasing significantly the fraction of GaO5 units with respect to GaO4. That, combined with thermal analysis and examination of the crystallization behaviors, highlights that Y2O3 prevents the glass devitrification during the glass shaping. The smaller yttrium radius is believed to be the key physical parameter preventing the precipitation of the BayGa5‐yGey+1La3‐yO14 (y = 0, 1, 2, 3) langasite‐type crystal phase. This study remains particularly relevant and opens up the way for the development of highly robust power scaled fiber devices operating from the visible up to the challenging mid‐IR domain.
Preparation of ZnO‐glass composite hollow fiber and its application in formation of ZIF‐8 membrane
Authors: Chen Hanhan , Wang Yang , Liu Lu , Yang Tengfei , Xue Zhiwei , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sintering temperature of ZnO ceramic hollow fibers (HFs) is generally up to 1400°C and presents a major challenge to obtain HFs with high permeability and mechanical strength at lower sintering temperature. This work proposed a glass powder‐assisted method to reduce the sintering temperature by using their adhesive property. ZnO‐glass composite HFs with longer finger‐like channels, high permeability (3.12 × 10−5–9.1 × 10−6 mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1) and good mechanical strength (42.12–52.75 MPa) were obtained at sintering temperature of 1150°C. More glass powders can generate stronger bonding effect during the ZnO particles, resulting in a decrease in porosity and an increase in the mechanical strength of ZnO‐HF. These ZnO‐HFs were further applied for inducing ZIF‐8 membranes by one‐step solvothermal growth. ZnO not only provides the growth and nucleation centers but also acts as transitional bridge to make the ZIF embed into support to improve the bonding force between membrane and support. Therefore, HF‐supported‐ZIF‐8 membrane exhibited both mechanical and thermal robustness by maintaining their gas separation performance during the 30‐min sonication treatment and 50‐h operation testing at 25–200°C. Furthermore, this membrane provided good reproducibility. This work opens prospects for preparing ceramic HFs at lower sintering temperature and their functional applications as well as the preparation of MOF membranes.
Social cognition and real‐life functioning in patient samples with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with or without psychosis, compared to a large sample of patients with schizophrenia only and healthy controls
Authors: Frascarelli Marianna , Accinni Tommaso , Buzzanca Antonino , Carlone Luca , Ghezzi Francesco , Moschillo Antonella , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Bucci Paola , Giordano Giulia Maria , Fanella Martina , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Putotto Carolina , Marino Bruno , Pasquini Massimo , Biondi Massimo , Di Fabio Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) show an increased risk of developing a psychotic illness lifetime. 22q11.2DS may represent a reliable model for studying the neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia. The study of social inference abilities in a genetic condition at high risk for psychosis, like 22q11.2DS, may shed light on the relationships between neurocognitive processes and patients' daily general functioning. The study sample consisted of 1736 participants, divided into four groups: 22q11.2DS patients with diagnosis of psychotic disorder (DEL SCZ, N = 20); 22q11.2DS subjects with no diagnosis of psychosis (DEL, N = 43); patients diagnosed with schizophrenia without 22q11.2DS (SCZ, N = 893); and healthy controls (HC, N = 780). Social cognition was assessed through The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and general functioning through the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLoF) scale. We analysed data through regression analysis. The SCZ and DEL groups had similar levels of global functioning; they both had significantly lower SLoF Total scores than HC (p < .001); the DEL SCZ group showed significantly lower scores compared to the other groups (SCZ, p = .004; DEL, p = .003; HC, p < .001). A significant deficit in social cognition was observed in the three clinical groups. In the DEL SCZ and SCZ groups, TASIT scores significantly predicted global functioning (p < .05). Our findings of social cognition deficit in psychosis‐prone patients point to the possible future adoption of rehabilitation programmes, like Social Skills Training and Cognitive Remediation, during premorbid stages of psychosis.