bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Theory of Perception for Temporal Bisection
Authors: Killeen Peter R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Trace Theory of Perception (TToP) is applied to temporal interval bisection. In this protocol, after familiarization with the referents for long or short judgments — the endpoints of the range — observers classify probe stimuli ‘short’ or ‘long’ (closer to the short or to the long referent). The midpoint of the range is predicted by TToP to be near and slightly above the geometric mean of the endpoints, and generally independent of signal modality. The observed bisection points, the time at which the probability of a long response is , deviates from those predictions. It was hypothesized that the deviations were caused by the observers’ bias to use categories equally often, which would be accomplished if the bisection point were at the median of the probes. A weighted average of the predicted midpoint and the median accounted for most of the variance in over 100 experiments, and explained the difference between linear and logarithmic spacing of probes.
Prediction of pre-hospital blood transfusion in trauma patients based on scoring systems
Authors: Plodr Michal , Berková Jana , Hyšpler Radomír , Truhlář Anatolij , Páral Jiří , Kočí Jaromír 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Pre-hospital blood transfusion (PHBT) is a safe and gradually expanding procedure applied to trauma patients. A proper decision to activate PHBT with the presently limited diagnostic options at the site of an incident poses a challenge for pre-hospital crews. The purpose of this study was to compare the selected scoring systems and to determine whether they can be used as valid tools in identifying patients with PHBT requirements.

Methods
A retrospective single-center study was conducted between June 2018 and December 2020. Overall, 385 patients (aged [median; IQR]: 44; 24–60; 73% males) were included in this study. The values of five selected scoring systems were calculated in all patients. To determine the accuracy of each score for the prediction of PHBT, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used and to measure the association, the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was counted (Fig. 1).

Results
Regarding the proper indication of PHBT, shock index (SI) and pulse pressure (PP) revealed the highest value of AUC and sensitivity/specificity ratio (SI: AUC 0.88; 95% CI 0.82–0.93; PP: AUC 0.85 with 95% CI 0.79–0.91).

Conclusion
Shock index and pulse pressure are suitable tools for predicting PHBT in trauma patients.
Under the chest pain center mechanism, whether the nursing handover affects the nursing efficiency and the outcomes of patients with STEMI in the emergency department? A retrospective study
Authors: Luo Zhenyu , Liu Sihui , Li Yunying , Zhong Shuyan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The introduction of chest pain centers (CPC) in China has achieved great success in shortening the duration of nursing operations to significantly improve the treatment and outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The nursing handover period is still considered the high incidence period of adverse events because of the distractibility of nurses’ attention, potential interruption, and unclear responsibilities. Under the CPC mechanism, the nursing efficiency and patients’ outcome, whether affected by the nursing handover, is still a knowledge gap in research. This is also the aim of this study.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted with data from STEMI patients from a tertiary hospital in the north of Sichuan Province from January 2018 to December 2019 through the Chinese CPC database. Patients are divided into handover and non-handover groups according to the time they presented in the Emergency Department. D2FMC, FMC2FE, FMC2BS, FMC2CBR, FMC2FAD, and D2W were selected to measure nursing efficiency. The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, the highest troponin values within 72 h of hospitalization, and the length of hospitalization were selected to measure the patient outcomes. Continuous variables are summarized as mean ± SD, and t-tests of the data were performed. P-values < 0.05 (two-tailed) were considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 231 cases were enrolled, of which 40 patients (17.3%) were divided into the handover period group, and 191 (82.6%) belonged to the non-handover period group. The results showed that the handover period group took significantly longer on items FMC2BS (P < 0.001) and FMC2FAD (P < 0.001). Still, there were no significant differences in D2FMC and FMC2FE, and others varied too little to be clinically meaningful, as well as the outcomes of patients.

Conclusion
This study confirms that nursing handover impacts the nursing efficiency of STEMI patients, especially in FMC2BS and FMC2FAD. Hospitals should also reform the nursing handover rules after the construction of CPC and enhance the triage training of nurses to assure nursing efficiency so that CPC can play a better role.
Impact of sampling and data collection methods on maternity survey response: a randomised controlled trial of paper and push-to-web surveys and a concurrent social media survey
Authors: Harrison Siân , Alderdice Fiona , Quigley Maria A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Novel survey methods are needed to tackle declining response rates. The 2020 National Maternity Survey included a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and social media survey to compare different combinations of sampling and data collection methods with respect to: response rate, respondent representativeness, prevalence estimates of maternity indicators and cost.

Methods
A two-armed parallel RCT and concurrent social media survey were conducted. Women in the RCT were sampled from ONS birth registrations and randomised to either a paper or push-to-web survey. Women in the social media survey self-selected through online adverts. The primary outcome was response rate in the paper and push-to-web surveys. In all surveys, respondent representativeness was assessed by comparing distributions of sociodemographic characteristics in respondents with those of the target population. External validity of prevalence estimates of maternity indicators was assessed by comparing weighted survey estimates with estimates from national routine data. Cost was also compared across surveys.

Results
The response rate was higher in the paper survey (n = 2,446) compared to the push-to-web survey (n = 2,165)(30.6% versus 27.1%, difference = 3.5%, 95%CI = 2.1–4.9, p < 0.0001). Compared to the target population, respondents in all surveys were less likely to be aged < 25 years, of Black or Minority ethnicity, born outside the UK, living in disadvantaged areas, living without a partner and multiparous. Women in the social media survey (n = 1,316) were less representative of the target population compared to women in the paper and push-to-web surveys. For some maternity indicators, weighted survey estimates were close to estimates from routine data, for other indicators there were discrepancies; no survey demonstrated consistently higher external validity than the other two surveys. Compared to the paper survey, the cost saving per respondent was £5.45 for the push-to-web survey and £22.42 for the social media survey.

Conclusions
Push-to-web surveys may cost less than paper surveys but do not necessarily result in higher response rates. Social media surveys cost significantly less than paper and push-to-web surveys, but sample size may be limited by eligibility criteria and recruitment window and respondents may be less representative of the target population. However, reduced representativeness does not necessarily introduce more bias in weighted survey estimates.
Mental health and sociodemographic characteristics among Icelanders, data from a cross-sectional study in Iceland
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Svala , Aspelund Thor , Guðmundsdóttir Dóra G. , Fjorback Lone , Hrafnkelsson Hannes , Hansdóttir Ingunn , Juul Lise 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Mental health challenges are on the rise worldwide. In Iceland, little is known about the sociodemographic factors associated with poor mental health. This study aimed to investigate symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and psychiatric medication for mental disorders in a nationally representative sample in Iceland and to explore its associations with sociodemographic factors.

Methods
This Icelandic cross-sectional study ‘Health and Wellbeing of Icelanders’ was conducted in 2017 and included 9,887 randomly chosen adults. Participants’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels were measured with the Depression Anxiety and Stress scale-21(DASS-21) and the association with sociodemographic factors and prescribed psychiatric medication was assessed in a multinominal logistic regression analysis.

Results
The youngest age group (18 to 29 years old) had the poorest mental health. Males had a higher risk of medium and high depression scores than females, RRR 1.23 (95% CI 1.06–1.44) and RRR 1.71 (95% CI 1.25–2.33) when adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education, marital status, financial status, living area, employment) and use of psychiatric medication. Participants with the most considerable financial difficulties had the highest risk of high scores on depression RRR 11.19 (95% CI 5.8—21.57), anxiety RRR 12.35 (95% CI 5.62—27.14) and stress RRR 11.55 (95% CI 4.75—28.04) when compared to those that do not.

Conclusions
The youngest participants and those with the most extensive financial difficulties had the highest depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Males scored higher than females on depression. There was a trend towards worse mental health with lower sociodemographic status. Higher education, living with someone, and financial security were associated with better mental health. These results implicate the importance of government actions to counteract social inequalities in the Icelandic nation.
Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless services
Authors: Greenwood Ronni Michelle , O’Shaughnessy Branagh R. , Manning Rachel M. , Vargas Moniz Maria J. , Sacchetto Beatrice , Ornelas Jose ,   the Home_EU Consortium, Jorge-Monteiro Maria F. , Almas Inês , Duarte Teresa , Disperati Francesca , Gaboardi Marta , Lenzi Michela , Santinello Massimo , Vieno Alessio , Marques Rita P. , Carmona Maria , Nave Américo , Bernad Roberto , Rivero Borja , Julián Martin , Bokszczanin Anna , Zmaczynska-Witek Barbara , Katarzyna Skałacka , Rogowska Aleksandra , Schel Sandra , Peters Yvonne , vanLoenen Tessa , Raben Liselotte , Wolf Judith R. , Beijer Ulla , Blid Mats , Kallmen Hakan , Bispo Teresa , Cruz Tiago , Pereira Carla , Auquier Pascal , Petit Junie M. , Loubière Sandrine , Tinland Aurélie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their effectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity.

Methods
We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n = 245) or treatment as usual (n = 320).

Results
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
Hospital utilization among urban poor in Indonesia in 2018: is government-run insurance effective?
Authors: Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Laksono Agung Dwi , Mubasyiroh Rofingatul , Rachmalina Rika , Ipa Mara , Rohmah Nikmatur 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
An urban poor is a vulnerable group that needs government financing support to access health services. Once they are sick, they will fall deeper into poverty. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of government-run insurance in hospital utilization in urban poor in Indonesia.

Methods
The research analyzed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey data. This cross-sectional survey collected 75,970 participants through stratification and multistage random sampling. Meanwhile, the study employed hospital utilization as an outcome variable and health insurance ownership as an exposure variable. Moreover, the study looked at age, gender, marital status, education, and occupation as control factors. The research employed a binary logistic regression to evaluate the data in the final step.

Results
The results show that someone with government-run insurance is 4.261 times more likely than the uninsured to utilize the hospital (95% CI 4.238–4.285). Someone with private-run insurance is 4.866 times more likely than the uninsured to use the hospital (95% CI 4.802–4.931). Moreover, someone with government-run and private-run insurance has 11.974 times more likely than the uninsured to utilize the hospital (95% CI 11.752–12.200).

Conclusion
The study concluded that government-run insurance is more effective than the uninsured in improving hospital utilization among the urban poor in Indonesia. Meanwhile, private-run is more effective than government-run and uninsured in improving hospital utilization among the urban poor in Indonesia. Moreover, the most effective is to combine the kind of health insurance ownership (government-run and private-run).
Evaluation of long-term sequelae by cardiopulmonary exercise testing 12 months after hospitalization for severe COVID-19
Authors: Noureddine Sofia , Roux-Claudé Pauline , Laurent Lucie , Ritter Ophélie , Dolla Pauline , Karaer Sinan , Claudé Frédéric , Eberst Guillaume , Westeel Virginie , Barnig Cindy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important clinical tool that provides a global assessment of the respiratory, circulatory and metabolic responses to exercise which are not adequately reflected through the measurement of individual organ system function at rest. In the context of critical COVID-19, CPET is an ideal approach for assessing long term sequelae.

Methods
In this prospective single-center study, we performed CPET 12 months after symptom onset in 60 patients that had required intensive care unit treatment for a severe COVID-19 infection. Lung function at rest and chest computed tomography (CT) scan were also performed.

Results
Twelve months after severe COVID-19 pneumonia, dyspnea was the most frequently reported symptom although only a minority of patients had impaired respiratory function at rest. Mild ground-glass opacities, reticulations and bronchiectasis were the most common CT scan abnormalities. The majority of the patients (80%) had a peak O2 uptake (V′O2) considered within normal limits (median peak predicted O2 uptake (V′O2) of 98% [87.2–106.3]). Length of ICU stay remained an independent predictor of V′O2. More than half of the patients with a normal peak predicted V′O2 showed ventilatory inefficiency during exercise with an abnormal increase of physiological dead space ventilation (VD/Vt) (median VD/VT of 0.27 [0.21–0.32] at anaerobic threshold (AT) and 0.29 [0.25–0.34] at peak) and a widened median peak alveolar-arterial gradient for O2 (35.2 mmHg [31.2–44.8]. Peak PetCO2 was significantly lower in subjects with an abnormal increase of VD/Vt (p = 0.001). Impairments were more pronounced in patients with dyspnea. Peak VD/Vt values were positively correlated with peak D-Dimer plasma concentrations from blood samples collected during ICU stay (r2 = 0.12; p = 0.02) and to predicted diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (r2 =  − 0.15; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Twelve months after severe COVID-19 pneumonia, most of the patients had a peak V′O2 considered within normal limits but showed ventilatory inefficiency during exercise with increased dead space ventilation that was more pronounced in patients with persistent dyspnea.
Trial registration: NCT04519320 (19/08/2020).
Systemic inflammation score as a preoperative prognostic factor for patients with pT2–T4 resectable gastric cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Matsumoto Takuro , Ohki Shinji , Kaneta Akinao , Matsuishi Akira , Maruyama Yuya , Yamada Leo , Tada Takeshi , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Watanabe Yohei , Hayase Suguru , Okayama Hirokazu , Sakamoto Wataru , Momma Tomoyuki , Saze Zenichiro , Kono Koji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Systemic inflammation has been reported to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Systemic inflammation score (SIS), calculated from preoperative serum albumin level and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, has been shown to be a novel prognostic factor for several types of tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the SIS in patients with pT2–4 resectable gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
Total 97 patients with pT2–4 GC who underwent curative surgery from 322 cases between 2009 and 2015 in Fukushima Medical University Hospital were included. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative SIS and other prognostic factors for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
The higher SIS score was associated with undifferentiated cancer and recurrence. Univariate analysis of RFS identified deeper tumor invasion and higher SIS were significant risk factors and multivariate analysis revealed that both of them were independent prognostic factors for RFS. As for OS, age, tumor invasion, SIS and LNR were significantly correlated with RFS. In multivariate analysis, tumor invasion, SIS and LNR were independent prognostic factors for OS.

Conclusions
SIS was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS in pT2–4 resectable gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy.
Disruption of DDX53 coding sequence has limited impact on iPSC-derived human NGN2 neurons
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Deneault Eric , Alexandrova Roumiana , Rodrigues Deivid C. , Pellecchia Giovanna , Shum Carole , Zarrei Mehdi , Piekna Alina , Wei Wei , Howe Jennifer L. , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Lamoureux Sylvia , Ross P. Joel , Bradley Clarrisa A. , Ellis James , Scherer Stephen W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The X-linked PTCHD1 locus is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Males who carry chromosome microdeletions of PTCHD1 antisense long non-coding RNA (PTCHD1-AS)/DEAD-box helicase 53 (DDX53) have ASD, or a sub-clinical form called Broader Autism Phenotype. If the deletion extends beyond PTCHD1-AS/DDX53 to the next gene, PTCHD1, which is protein-coding, the individuals typically have ASD and intellectual disability (ID). Three male siblings with a 90 kb deletion that affects only PTCHD1-AS (and not including DDX53) have ASD. We performed a functional analysis of DDX53 to examine its role in NGN2 neurons.

Methods
We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing strategy to knock out DDX53 protein by inserting 3 termination codons (3TCs) into two different induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. DDX53 CRISPR-edited iPSCs were differentiated into cortical excitatory neurons by Neurogenin 2 (NGN-2) directed differentiation. The functional differences of DDX53-3TC neurons compared to isogenic control neurons with molecular and electrophysiological approaches were assessed.

Results
Isogenic iPSC-derived control neurons exhibited low levels of DDX53 transcripts. Transcriptional analysis revealed the generation of excitatory cortical neurons and DDX53 protein was not detected in iPSC-derived control neurons by western blot. Control lines and DDX53-3TC neurons were active in the multi-electrode array, but no overt electrophysiological phenotype in either isogenic line was observed.

Conclusion
DDX53-3TC mutation does not alter NGN2 neuronal function in these experiments, suggesting that synaptic deficits causing ASD are unlikely in this cell type.
Triglyceride glucose index is associated with obstructive coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients
Authors: Pan Weili , Ren Yongkui , Yang Fan , Wang Minxian , Li Xinsheng , Yin Da 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is a leading risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) is a surrogate of insulin resistance (IR). Few studies explore the association between TyG and the incidence of obstructive CAD (OCAD) in hypertensive patients.

Methods
We retrospectively screened 1841 hypertensive subjects who were free of a history of CAD and underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) because of chest pain. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting TG [mg/dL] * fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The outcome of this research was OCAD, which was defined as the presence of diameter stenosis ≥ 50% in any of the four major epicardial coronary arteries detected on CCTA.

Results
A total of 310 (16.8%) patients developed obstructive CAD. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed a J-shaped relationship between TyG and OCAD and the OR for OCAD increased as the TyG rose over 8.61 (OR perSD) 1.64, 95% CI 1.13–2.54, p = 0.008). After full adjustments for confounding covariates, patients with TyG index in tertile 3 (T3) had 2.12 times (95% CI 1.80 to 3.81) and in T2 had 2.01 times (95% CI 1.40 to 2.88) as high as the risk of OCAD compared with patients in T1 (p for trend = 0.001). When regarding TyG as a continuous variable, 1-SD increase elevated 49% (OR (95%CI), 1.49 (1.30–1.74)) risk of obstructive CAD (p = 0.007). This positive effect was still consistent across the subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusion
TyG index was associated with the incidence of obstructive CAD in hypertensive patients.