bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisensor-Based Maneuvering Target Tracking Algorithm under Non-Gaussian Measurement Noise
Authors: Zhou Yu , Qin Jianxin , Zha Bingting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The UAVs have become a huge threat in the battlefield. The excellent maneuverability makes them competent for the actual combat operations such as investigation and strike. Therefore, accurate tracking of UAVs is critical. Centralized radar/IR fusion system has been widely concerned to track the UAVs because of the complementary characteristics between these two sensors. The appearance of non-Gaussian measurement noise produces a negative impact on tracking accuracy. This paper proposes a novel IMM-CMCSCKF algorithm which can improve the tracking accuracy of radar/IR fusion system for maneuvering target under non-Gaussian measurement noise. The heterogeneous measurements from radar and IR are firstly fused. Then, CMCSCKF algorithm is presented based on MCC to deal with non-Gaussian measurement noise. To improve maneuvering target tracking accuracy, CMCSCKF is embed into IMM algorithm. Numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed IMM-CMCSCKF.
Optimal design and power research of the rod-type damage element warhead
Authors: Xin-lian Ren , Lin Kong , Chang-jun Shi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the damage power of linear multiple explosively formed penetrators, three rod-type damage element structures were designed, and the formation of different structures was studied through numerical simulation. The final rod-type damage element structure was optimized. Under explosive loading, a rod-type penetration body with an aspect ratio of 4.1 can be formed. Combined with the optimization design of the rod-type damage element, the warhead power experimental research was carried out. The results show that the resulting rod-type penetrating body has good formation, stable flight and high-efficiency damage ability to thick-walled targets.
Research on plastic structural wave behavior and crashworthiness of continuous gradient mesoscopic foam structures under high speed impact
Authors: Li wei , Wang peng , Yue junzheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Under high speed impact, the macro and mesoscopic mechanical behavior, the stress wave propagation mechanism, and the relationship between density gradient and crashworthiness of continuous density gradient foam are the key issues to improve and optimize the protection capability of support structures. The numerical simulation of various density gradient foams is carried out, and the meso-discontinuity of foams is overcome by using the local gradient tensor method of least square error, and the plastic structure wavefronts with clear interfaces are obtained. The plastic structure wave propagation mechanism of foam with different density configurations was analyzed and the relationship between density gradient and crashworthiness was further revealed. The results show that inertia effect is the dominant factor of collapse in the early stage of impact. In the middle and late stage of impact, the dominant factor of collapse changes to the microscopic density of foam. The distribution of continuous density gradient significantly affects the impact resistance. Compared with low-high density configuration foam (LH), high-low density configuration gradient foam (HL) has a 140% increase in impact end force, a 24% decrease in support end force, a 3% decrease in maximum compression, and a 41% longer response time.
Research on Influence Law of Pressure Wave Based on Copper Ball Manometric Method
Authors: Qi Liu , Yuwei Wang , Yinghua Guo , Wenfang Zhu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the continuous improvement of artillery performance, internal ballistics and charge performance, abnormal phenomena of internal ballistic environment will appear during the firing process of artillery, mainly manifested as strong fluctuations in chamber pressure. If the pressure fluctuation exceeds a certain level, the pressure (overload) acting on the projectile will not be continuous and uniform, which will inevitably bring about the repeated loading process under dynamic conditions, resulting in the compatibility of the internal ballistic environment of the artillery launching guided munitions. According to the copper ball pressure measurement method commonly used in large-caliber artillery, this paper establishes the effect of the copper ball pressure gauge under different pressure curves in the bore, and verifies the established transient dynamic model. The force process of caliber-artillery projectiles under different transient pressure conditions in the bore (with and without pressure waves) is compared and analyzed, which provides a theoretical reference for the strength design of guided artillery projectiles and the coupling design of artillery projectiles, guns and powders.
The effect law of shell surface crack propagation under implosion loading
Authors: Luo Y.S. , Li W.B. , Zhang T.Y. , Bi W.X. , Liu Z. , Huo X.X. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fracture process of the metal cylindrical shell under the action of implosion is numerically simulated by AUTODYN finite element software for the expansion of cracks on the surface of the cases under the action of implosion loading. Numerical computations were used to determine the effect law of engineering factors such as the energy density of explosives, shell thickness, and shell material on crack-related parameters. The results show that the shell fracture radius along the axial direction remains nearly constant, and its value is less influenced by the energy density of explosives. The axial crack propagation velocity of the shell from the location of crack initiation to the non-exploding end of the shell shows a trend of change from high to low, fluctuating down. The axial crack propagation velocity and crack circumferential density both increase with the explosive energy density. The fracture density fluctuation range is between 0.4~0.73/mm. The law can be used to study the fracture damage of metal cylindrical shell structures under high impact.
Numerical simulation of the effect of combustion characteristics of main charges on the output shock of a typical igniter
Authors: Wang J C , Ren X W , Li X G , Wen Y Q , Cheng L , Guo Q 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Numerical simulations for the output pressure and the shock response were performed using the hydrocode MSC.DYTRAN to analyze the effect of the combustion characteristics of main charges on the output shock of a typical igniter. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Numerical simulations were performed by changing the type of main charges. The results show that the differences in the gas production capacity of main charges have a greater effect on the output shock of the igniter than the reaction rate.
Simulation analysis of deformation and fracture under the action of dynamic tungsten alloy rod on-line concentrated energy jet
Authors: Yan Liu , Shuhu Li , Rong Long Ren , Ronghui Wang , Danyong Wang , Haiyun Zhang , Jingli Xu , Huazhen Wei , Wenfang Xing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the mechanism and characteristics of deformation and fracture under the action of tungsten alloy rod linear concentrating jet. In this paper, the deformation and fracture characteristics of tungsten alloy rod under the action of linear concentrating jet under free state are studied by simulation calculation. On the basis of the verification model, ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to simulate the interaction process between the linear concentration jet on the dynamic tungsten alloy rod and the moving tungsten rod at different angles, and the fracture characteristics and fracture mechanism were analyzed. The results show that under the impact of the linear concentrated energy jet, the tungsten alloy rods flying at high speed are broken into several sections, and the fracture of the tungsten alloy rod is not due to the penetration of the jet, and the main mechanism of its fracture is the fracture caused by the pull/shear failure caused by the deformation of the tungsten alloy rod under the impact of the linear jet. The location of the fracture and the number of cuts of the fracture are related to the angle between the two. The research results can provide data support for the design of new reactive armor that intercepts long-pole bullets.
Study on the Simulation Test Method for Mechanical Over-loading of Initiator
Authors: Ma Hongliang , Yuan Xiaoxia , Wang Jingya , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In view of the needs of the mechanical over-load test evaluation of the second and third generation Initiators in the combat environment, the numerical simulation combined with the experimental verification method is used to study the influence of the material, outer diameter and length of the pulse shaper on the over-loading wave. The mechanical over-loading index parameters of the tooling in different states are obtained. The results show that as the length of the shaper increases gradually, the speed of the tooling target increases gradually and slowly, which prolongs the impact overload time. With the increase of the diameter, the acceleration time of the tooling target gradually shortens. When it increases to 44, the acceleration duration is not long. Steel with the diameter of 20mm and the length of 30mm is used as pulse shaper. When the bullet speed is 250m/s, the peak acceleration of the tooling target can reach 150,000 g, and the pulse width is 200 microseconds, which meets the requirements of the overload environment test for penetrating the steel target plate.
Simulation study on erosion of barrel under thermal-mechanical-chemical coupling environment
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Diao , Liu Huan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArtillery is known as the “God of War”. When the ballistic performance of the barrel is reduced to the allowable value specified by the index due to erosion and wear, the life of the barrel is terminated, and the artillery equipment completely loses its combat effectiveness. The erosion and wear of the barrel involves many factors such as temperature, mechanics, chemistry. In this paper, based on the theory of internal ballistics and heat conduction, the temperature gradient distribution law of the inner wall of the barrel during the firing process of large-caliber artillery is simulated and calculated. Combined with Fick’s second law and the theory of metal phase transition, The relationship between the [C] content in the thermochemically affected layer of the barrel and the number of firing, the relationship between the thickness of the thermally affected layer and the explosion temperature of the propellant and the temperature of the inner wall were quantitatively analyzed. On this basis, the anatomical analysis of different parts of the barrel after firing verified the accuracy of the erosion model, quantitatively revealed the barrel erosion mechanism, and clarified the direction for the life improvement of large-caliber artillery barrels.
On Aftereffects of Shaped Charge Comprised of Reactive Material Liner
Authors: Shan Yu , Xin Chunliang , Liu Jiayun , Li Guojie , Zhai Changping , Li Yanjun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Two types of shaped charge comprised of reactive material liner, which can generate exothermal reaction by certain external action, were designed to promote the aftereffect. One design contained two layers of liners, which can form a short and wide explosive formed penetrator (EFP). The other design contained three layers of liners, which can form a long and thin EFP. The composition of reactive material is aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene (AL/PTFE) mixtures. The results of numerical simulation and experiments show that, for steel target with a thickness of 45 millimeter (mm), the EFP generated by the reactive shaped charge comprised with three layers of liners can penetrate more deeply than that with two layers of liners. The former can also perforate two 500 mm spaced steel targets with a thickness of 5 mm, then the residual EFP delivered the reactive material into the oil box. The reactive material released its energy, and ignited the oil.
Study on Formation of EFP with Fins of Hexagonal Liner
Authors: Peng Chen , Wenbin Li , Dacheng Gao , Guixiang Yin , Bihui Hong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to further improve the flight stability of explosively formed projectile, the formation method of tail EFP was studied based on the polygonal liner. Under the hexagonal charge structure, the tail fins EFP can be formed when the structural parameters are matched. Through the numerical simulation of LS-DYNA, the influence of the structural parameters of the liner (curvature radius, linear thickness), charge height and shell thickness on the velocity, length-diameter ratio, compactness and wing-diameter ratio of the tail fins EFP was analyzed. In order to make the tail fins EFP performance better, the optimal range of radius of curvature R of hexagon liner is 0.75D ~ 0.85D, liner thickness t is 0.05D ~ 0.06D, charge height L is 0.8D ~ 1.0D, and the optimal range of shell thickness h is 0.06D ~ 0.1D.
Study on a calculation method of the distribution of shock wave in ground buildings under internal explosion
Authors: Gao Weiliang , Sun Guijuan , Yang Jianchao , Liu Ruichao , Xu Xiangyun , Deng Guoqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In modern warfare, internal explosions have been taken as the main way of damage to ground buildings. Understanding the distribution of shock waves from an internal explosion is not only the basis of anti-explosion and explosion-proof design of structures but also the key to assess the damage effect of explosions on the battlefield. This paper identifies the propagation law of explosive shock waves in buildings using the LS-DYNA code and employs related test results to fit the engineering calculation algorithm of internal explosion-induced overpressure through numerical calculation, which can be used for the rapid assessment of damage to ground buildings. The development principle and process of the shock wave distribution calculation method are expected to provide a reference for the assess and analysis of blast damage to other ground engineering targets.
Research on the influence of cavity on compressive strength of electron beam controlled projectile
Authors: Liu S Y , Li M , Tan Y C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fragments were premade on the cylindrical projectile using electron beam controlled technology, which induces cavities inside the material. Axial maximum compressive strength of the projectile is influenced by the structural parameters of cavity, including height, width, depth, slant angle, included angle, and circumferential quantity. Nonlinear dynamic software LS-DYNA was used to calculate the maximum compressive strength of each projectile with different cavity structure. Strength Influence Coefficient (SIC) was introduced to quantitatively characterize the influence of the cavity parameters on the axial maximum compressive strength of the projectile. The functions between the SIC and the cavity structure parameters were fitted, and an engineering predictive model was derived. Linear relationship was found between the maximum compressive strength and cavity height, width and circumferential quantity. The influence of cavity depth, slant angle and included angle on the maximum compressive strength was not obvious. The error between the calculation results of the predictive model and the experimental tests is 0.51%, which verifies the accuracy of the engineering predictive model.
Ballistic Performance of Ti6321 Titanium Alloy under Vertical and Oblique Penetration
Authors: Li Yanxing , Wang Lin , Wan Mingming , Yan Zhiwei , Song Yuchen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For the new marine Ti6321 titanium alloy, the penetration tests were carried out under vertical and oblique penetration conditions. The ballistic properties of Ti6321 titanium alloy with different structures and the macro and micro damage characteristics of the target were obtained. The influence of the structure on the ballistic performance and failure mechanism of the titanium alloy target plate was analyzed. The results show that Ti6321 titanium alloy exhibits different properties under vertical and oblique penetration conditions. In the vertical penetration test, the absolute penetration depth and the average crater diameter of the equiaxed target plate are smaller than those of the bimodal and Widmanstatten structure, which show a better resistance to vertical penetration. In the oblique penetration, the safety angle of the bimodal structure was smaller and showed better resistance to the oblique penetration.
Recent Advances in Ballistic Resistance of Lightweight Metal Sandwich Cores
Authors: Hua Fuxiang , Su Lizheng , Luo Xiaohao , Ye Jing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sandwich construction has proven to be an excellent low-density multifunctional design for a wide range of applications in ballistic protection, energy absorption, and thermal insulation. Based on the bulletproof effect of each layer of the sandwich structure, this paper expounds and summarizes the material properties that can be used as each layer. The mechanical and ballistic properties of ultra-high strength aramid (Kevlar) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMEPE) composites and the ballistic properties of mixed fibers of these two materials versus the mechanical properties of single fiber materials, the mechanical properties, chemical stability and other properties of aluminum and magnesium alloys, the effects of heat treatment and coating treatment on the ballistic properties of aluminum alloys, and finally the energy absorption properties of several common core materials structures are compared.
Analysis on lethality characteristics of shell-split warheads under explosive loads
Authors: Hao Wei , Ye Ping , Sun Qitian , Shi Peizhuo , Yao Wang , Dong Yongxiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Case cutting has been demonstrated as a means of warhead self-destruction, but few studies have analyzed it in detail. Based on the self-destruction of ammunition, the effect of warhead shell split including the shell fragmentation and scattering characteristics driven by charge detonation were studied. The results show that by cutting and splitting the shell of the warhead, the shell driven by the charge detonation can be hardly broken, and scatter in the form of large-size shell splits. The velocity of fragments speed decreases quickly, and the killing density is significantly reduced. The research results in this paper can provide a reference to the design and analysis on self-destruction of the warhead.
Mechanical properties of pre-cracked high nitrogen steel under dynamic composite loading
Authors: Lu R J , Mu X M , Miao C , Dang W , Wu H L , Bai L H , Yang Z Z , Wu X , Yuan W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the mechanical properties of pre-cracked high nitrogen steel specimens with different loading angles of 30°, 45° and 60° were studied by using Hopkinson tension bar. The corresponding force-displacement curves under different loading angles were obtained. It was found that with the decrease of the pre-crack loading angle, the proportion of the shear stress on the specimens in the composite loading gradually increased, and the stress concentration appeared during the composite loading process, the fracture strength of the specimens decreased significantly. At the same time, however, the dispersion of the experimental results decreased, and the fracture morphology tended to be consistent with the elongation at break. The obtained mechanical properties of high nitrogen steel under combined loading can provide reference and basis for its technological improvement, safe production and reliable application
Study the Influence of Fragment Shape on Penetration Failure Process of Thin Target Plate
Authors: Chen Peng , Tang Jiaojiao , Sun Xingyun , Yuan Baohui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the influence of fragment shape on the process of penetrating the target plate, the spherical and cubic structural steel fragments of the same mass which penetrating aluminum target plate has been studied by theoretical and numerical simulation calculations. The theoretical calculation shows that the ballistic limit velocity of the fragments of the cube structure is higher than that of the spherical structure when the fragments of the same mass penetrate the target plate of the same thickness. Numerical simulations have obtained the penetration process and failure rule of the fragment to the target plate. The results show that the target plate failure during the penetration process of the spherical fragment is a tensile failure mode, however, the penetration process of the cube structure fragment are shear and tensile mixed failure modes.
Damage study of UAV cluster by high-power electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Li Wei , Gao Zhujun , Zhang Shihan , Zou XianBin , Yang ChunPing , Peng ZhenMing , Li JiaJun , Liu JinRong , Yang HuiXin , Wei ZhenGuo , Qu ShaoTao , Zhang Shuyi , Lu Yan , Wu Qiong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With regard to the threat of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) clusters, the mechanism and rule of the damage to UAV cluster caused by electromagnetic wave is explored in this paper. A typical satellite navigation antenna high power electromagnetic radiation is studied with the experimental and simulation, in which, the damage sensitive parts and threshold of damage is obtained, which provides support for interference and damage UAV cluster of enemy and protection research for UAV of our own.
Prediction of firing accuracy of self-propelled antiaircraft gun in marching fire based on GA-BP neural network
Authors: Wang Liangkuan , Tang Xu , Fan Ji , Huang Cheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The firing efficiency during the marching fire is an important indicator to measure the combat efficiency of self-propelled antiaircraft gun, and it is very important to improve the firing accuracy during the marching fire. In order to understand the coupling mechanism between the firing density and various influencing factors of the self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, this paper combines different driving and shooting conditions to study the factors such as driving speed, road grade, shooting load, the angle of fire and other factors. A method of predicting the firing density of self-propelled anti-aircraft guns during marching is proposed based on the GA-BP neural network. This method not only provides a theoretical basis and indirect measurement for the quantification of the firing density of the self-propelled anti-aircraft guns during the marching, but also has important significance for the distribution and design of the firing accuracy of the self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.