bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of oxidative stress‐associated disease models using feto‐maternal interface organ‐on‐a‐chip
Authors: Richardson Lauren S. , Kammala Ananth Kumar , Kim Sungjin , Lam Po Yi , Truong Nina , Radnaa Enkhtuya , Urrabaz‐Garza Rheanna , Han Arum , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) and inflammation arising from cellular derangements at the fetal membrane‐decidual interface (feto‐maternal interface [FMi]) is a major antecedent to preterm birth (PTB). However, it is impractical to study OS‐associated FMi disease state during human pregnancy, and thus it is difficult to develop strategies to reduce the incidences of PTB. A microfluidic organ‐on‐chip model (FMi‐OOC) that mimics the in vivo structure and functions of FMi in vitro was developed to address this challenge. The FMi‐OOC contained fetal (amnion epithelial, mesenchymal, and chorion) and maternal (decidua) cells cultured in four compartments interconnected by arrays of microchannels to allow independent but interconnected co‐cultivation. Using this model, we tested the effects of OS and inflammation on both fetal (fetal → maternal) and maternal (maternal → fetal) sides of the FMi and determined their differential impact on PTB‐associated pathways. OS was induced using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. The impacts of OS were assessed by measuring cell viability, disruption of immune homeostasis, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), development of senescence, and inflammation. CSE propagated (LC/MS‐MS analysis for nicotine) over a 72‐hour period from the maternal to fetal side, or vice versa. However, they caused two distinct pathological effects on the maternal and fetal cells. Specifically, fetal OS induced cellular pathologies and inflammation, whereas maternal OS caused immune intolerance. The pronounced impact produced by the fetus supports the hypothesis that fetal inflammatory response is a mechanistic trigger for parturition. The FMi disease‐associated changes identified in the FMi‐OOC suggest the unique capability of this in vitro model in testing in utero conditions.
Lymphedematous Fibroepithelial Polyp Without Associated Condom Catheter Use: A Case Report With Review of the Literature
Authors: Zeches Breann A. , Maher Mohamed , Alomari Ahmed K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Lymphedematous fibroepithelial polyps are rare proliferations involving the glans penis typically associated with chronic condom catheter usage. To the best of our knowledge, less than 20 cases have been reported in the literature with relatively similar clinical presentation. Herein, we report a case of lymphedematous fibroepithelial polyp not associated with condom usage in a 74-year-old man treated with surgical excision. On histopathological examination, the lesion displayed a hypocellular proliferation of spindled and stellate fibroblasts with intermixed Touton-like giant cells embedded within an edematous stroma with thickened vasculature. Immunohistochemical profiling exhibits strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin, weak positivity for factor XIIIa, and no reactivity for CD34 or desmin. We also conducted a review of the reported range of clinical and histopathological features of this entity in addition to the various hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis. We hope to increase awareness and accurate diagnosis of this entity, which could affect clinical management.
Prognostic Analysis of Patients With Extramammary Paget Disease Treated With Conservative Excision
Authors: Seo Takashi , Kitamura Shinya , Yanagi Teruki , Maeda Takuya , Ujiie Hideyuki 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a malignant skin tumor with a relatively good prognosis. The standard treatment is wide local resection or Mohs micrographic surgery. However, conservative excision may be a better option when radical wide local excision is difficult to perform due to the patients' mental or physical condition. There have been no studies on the prognosis of patients with EMPD who underwent conservative excision.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the prognosis of conservative excision cases to wide excision cases of EMPD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 69 cases of EMPD without metastases to lymph nodes or organs (11 cases treated with conservative excision, 58 cases treated with wide local excision) who underwent resection of the primary tumor from 2002 to 2022 in the Department of Dermatology at Hokkaido University Hospital.

RESULTS
The log-rank test showed no significant differences in overall survival or metastasis-free survival between the wide excision group and the conservative excision group, although conservative surgery was often chosen in elderly patients or patients with lower performance status.

CONCLUSION
This study suggests that conservative surgery should be considered as a treatment option for EMPD.
The Journey From Drug Addiction to Drug Withdrawal: A Christian Gospel Rehabilitation Program in Taiwan
Authors: YEH Pi-Ming 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background

World Drug Report estimates the number of opioid users at 53 million and identifies opioids as responsible for two thirds of the 585,000 people who died as a result of drug use in 2017.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the testimonies of 30 people regarding their journeys from drug addiction to drug withdrawal in Taiwan.

Methods
This was a qualitative research design. The sample inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) being a drug abuser, (b) completed the Christian Gospel Drug Withdrawal Program or church-sponsored program, and (c) shared their related testimony on the Good TV television channel in Taiwan. The participants' stories were posted in Chinese, transcribed by the author, and translated from Chinese into English. Content analysis was used to identify the major themes.

Results
Of the 30 participants, 24 were male (80%) and six were female (20%). The major themes identified in their testimonies were: (a) Using illegal drugs related to peer recognition, lack of knowledge, and temptations; (b) drug addiction was an endless pain cycle; (c) turning points related to love, repentance, and hope; (d) drug withdrawal was related to avoiding temptation and overcoming the drug withdrawal syndrome through the Holy Spirit; and (e) outcomes were faith and new life.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
In this study, people who received the gospel drug withdrawal programs expressed that their lives had changed, they had withdrawn from drugs successfully, they had become volunteers to help others, and interactions with their family had improved. These programs may be applied in the mental health nursing profession.
Cancer cachexia – adopting a systems wide approach
Authors: Sayers Judith , Skipworth Richard JE. , Laird Barry JA. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Cancer cachexia results in the death of approximately 2 million people worldwide annually. Despite the impact of this devastating condition, there is limited therapy and no standard of care. Although multiple definitions exist, confusion remains as a true understanding of the biology has not yet been achieved and distinct phases of cachexia have not been examined. Research has mainly focused on weight loss and muscle wasting, but cachexia is increasingly recognized as a multiorgan disorder involving adipose tissue, liver, brain, gut and heart, with systemic inflammation a central unifying feature.

Recent findings
In this review, we will discuss some of the extra-muscular features and multisystem interactions in cachexia, and describe how moving our focus beyond muscle can lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms and clinical features seen in cachexia.

Summary
We describe the need for robust characterization of patients with cachexia, to allow clinical phenotypes and multisystem mechanisms to be untangled, and to enable the implementation of multimodal treatment strategies.
Prediabetes and skeletal health
Authors: Lindsay Catherine , Shieh Albert 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) confers a greater risk of skeletal fragility and fracture. Whether prediabetes is detrimental to bone health is uncertain.

Recent findings
We summarize the current data on the associations of prediabetes with bone turnover, bone mineral density, bone quality, bone material properties and fracture risk.

Summary
In cross-sectional studies, prediabetes was associated with lower bone turnover and worse trabecular bone quality. A longitudinal analysis showed that larger increase in insulin resistance (in the absence of T2D) correlated with faster bone loss. Future research to examine the longitudinal associations of prediabetes with bone health parameters is warranted.
Mediators of Ethnic Differences in Dropout Rates From a Randomized Controlled Treatment Trial Among Latinx and Non-Latinx White Primary Care Patients With Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Escovar Emily L. , Bocanegra Elizabeth S. , Craske Michelle G. , Bystritsky Alexander , Roy-Byrne Peter , Sherbourne Cathy D. , Stein Murray B. , Chavira Denise A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Disparities in treatment engagement and adherence based on ethnicity have been widely recognized but are inadequately understood. Few studies have examined treatment dropout among Latinx and non-Latinx White (NLW) individuals. Using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Use (A behavioral model of families' use of health services. 1968; J Health Soc Behav. 1995; 36:1–10) as a framework, we examine whether pretreatment variables (categorized as predisposing, enabling, and need factors) mediate the relationship between ethnicity and premature dropout in a sample of Latinx and NLW primary care patients with anxiety disorders who participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of cognitive behavioral therapy. Data from a total of 353 primary care patients were examined; 96 Latinx and 257 NLW patients participated. Results indicated that Latinx patients dropped out of treatment more often than NLW patients, resulting in roughly 58% of Latinx patients failing to complete treatment compared with 42% of NLW, and approximately 29% of Latinx patients dropping out before engaging in modules related to cognitive restructuring or exposure, relative to 11% of NLW patients. Mediation analyses suggest that social support and somatization partially explained the relationship between ethnicity and treatment dropout, highlighting the importance of these variables in understanding treatment disparities.
Using Forensic Toxicology to Enhance Medicolegal Death Investigations
Authors: Schreiber Sara J. , Peterson Brian L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office performed an evidence-based review of natural deaths certified without autopsy or toxicology testing. Three hundred fifteen such cases from 2020 and 2021 were selected. This study reviewed the deaths to determine if the cause was drug-related instead due to natural disease.
Blood samples were screened by liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry with time-of-flight detector. The analytes detected were evaluated for contribution to the cause resulting in a change in manner from natural to accident or suicide. Confirmatory analysis was performed where appropriate, and results were reported to the forensic pathologist for evaluation. Where appropriate, the death certificate was amended.
As a result of the screening and confirmatory work, 18 cases were identified where significant drugs were detected, and thus the cause and manner of death were amended. One case was amended from natural to suicide after a conversation with the family about the toxicology findings. The remaining cases were amended to a manner of accident. The scope of drugs responsible for the deaths included prescription and illicit.
Gross Heart Dimensions From Postmortem Computed Tomography and Postmortem Examination Measurements
Authors: Garland Jack , Thompson Melissa , Ondruschka Benjamin , Da Broi Ugo , Thompson Isabella , Olumbe Alex , Tse Rexson 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An increased heart weight (cardiac hypertrophy) is associated with underlying heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Gross heart dimensions can be used to estimate heart weight as a surrogate for cardiac hypertrophy. These dimensions can be obtained from either postmortem computed tomography or postmortem examination. This study compared the gross heart dimensions, heart weight estimations, and ability to determine cardiac hypertrophy (>400 and >500 g) between these 2 methods. The results showed that gross dimensions from postmortem computed tomography were significantly smaller and overall had less accuracy in estimating heart weight than dissection. In terms of cardiac hypertrophy, both methods were comparable and had reasonably high sensitivity and specificity, albeit having slightly varied characteristics, to determine whether the heart showed hypertrophy.
A Novel Orthognathic Surgery With a Half-Millimeter Accuracy for the Maxillary Positioning Using Prebent Plates and Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Osteotomy Guide
Authors: Yamashita Yosuke , Imai Haruki , Takasu Hikaru , Omura Susumu , Fujita Koichi , Iwai Toshinori , Hirota Makoto , Mitsudo Kenji 
Published: May 2023

This retrospective study aimed to assess the accuracy of prebent plates and computer-aided design and manufacturing osteotomy guide for orthognathic surgery. The prebent plates correspondent to the planning model were scanned with a 3-dimensional printed model for guide design and used for fixation. Forty-two patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery using computer-aided design and manufacturing intermediate splint with the guide (guided group: 20 patients) or with conventional fixation under straight locking miniplates (SLMs) technique (SLM group: 20 patients) were analyzed. A deviation of the maxilla between the planned and postoperative positions was evaluated using computed tomography, which was taken 2 weeks before and 4 days after the surgery. The surgery time and the infraorbital nerve paranesthesia were also evaluated. The mean deviations in the mediolateral (x), anteroposterior (y), and vertical directions (z) were 0.25, 0.50, and 0.37 mm, respectively, in the guided group, while that in the SLM group were 0.57, 0.52, and 0.82 mm, respectively. There were significant differences in x and z coordinates (P<0.001). No significant difference in the surgery duration and paranesthesia was seen, suggesting the present method offers a half-millimeter accuracy for the maxillary repositioning without increasing the risk of extending surgery duration and nerve complication.
Characterization of Regional Morphological Changes in Sagittal Craniosynostosis Following Endoscopic Strip Craniectomy With Post-operative Helmeting: Predictors for Success
Authors: Nguyen Huan T. , Washington George N. , Cepeda Alfredo , Littlefield Tim , Obinero Chioma G. , Greives Matthew R. , Nguyen Phuong D. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Sagittal craniosynostosis (SC) restricts craniofacial growth perpendicular to the sagittal plane resulting in scaphocephaly. The cranium grows in the anterior-posterior dimension causing disproportionate changes, which can be corrected with either cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) or endoscopic strip craniectomy (ESC) combined with post-operative helmet therapy. ESC is performed at an earlier age, and studies demonstrate benefits in risk profile and morbidity compared to CVR, with comparable results if the post-operative banding protocol is strictly upheld. We aim to identify predictors of successful outcome and, using three-dimensional (3D) imaging, assess cranial changes following ESC with post-banding therapy.

Materials and Methods:
A single institution retrospective review was performed from 2015–19 for patients with SC who underwent ESC. Patients received immediate post-operative 3D photogrammetry for helmet therapy planning and implementation as well as post-therapy 3D imaging. Using these 3D images, the cephalic index (CI) for study patients was calculated before and after helmet therapy. In addition, Deformetrica™ was used to measure volume and shape changes of pre-defined anatomic skull regions (frontal, parietal, temporal, & occipital) based on the pre- and post-therapy 3D imaging results. Fourteen institutional raters evaluated the pre- and post-therapy 3D imaging in order to determine the success of the helmeting therapy.

Results:
Twenty-one SC patients met our inclusion criteria. Using 3D photogrammetry, 14 raters at our institution rated 16 of the 21 patients to have had successful helmet therapy. There was a significant difference in CI following helmet therapy with both groups, but there was no significant difference in CI between the “successful” and “unsuccessful” groups. Furthermore, the comparative analysis demonstrated that the parietal region had a significantly higher change in mean RMS distance when compared to the frontal or occipital regions.

Conclusion:
For patients with SC, 3D photogrammetry may be able to objectively recognize nuanced findings not readily detectable when using CI alone. The greatest changes in volume were observed in the parietal region, which falls in line with treatment goals for SC. Patients deemed to have unsuccessful outcomes were found to be older at time of surgery and initiation of helmet therapy. This suggests that early diagnosis and management for SC may increase the likelihood of success.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials on Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Perforated Diverticulitis
Authors: Horesh Nir , Emile Sameh Hany , Khan Sualeh Muslim , Freund Michael R , Garoufalia Zoe , Silva-Alvarenga Emanuela , Gefen Rachel , Wexner Steven D 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
Assess long-term outcomes of patients with perforated diverticulitis treated with resection or laparoscopic lavage (LL).

Summary Background Data:
Surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis changed in the last few decades. LL and increasing evidence that primary anastomosis (PRA) is feasible in certain patients have broadened surgical options. However, debate for the optimal surgical strategy lingers.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT) on surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis from inception to October 2022. Long-term reports of RCT comparing surgical interventions for treatment of perforated diverticulitis were selected. Main outcomes measures were long-term ostomy, long term complications, recurrence, and re-intervention rates.

Results:
After screening 2431 studies, 5 long-term follow-up studies of RCT comprising 499 patients were included. Three studies, excluding patients with fecal peritonitis, compared LL and colonic resection, two compared PRA and Hartmann’s procedure. LL had lower odds of long-term ostomy (OR= 0.133, 95%CI: 0.278- 0.579;P<0.001) and re-operation (OR= 0.585, 95%CI: 0.365- 0.937;P=0.02) compared to colonic resection but higher odds of diverticular disease recurrence (OR= 5.8, 95%CI: 2.33- 14.42;P<0.001). Colonic resection with PRA had lower odds of long-term ostomy (OR= 0.02, 95%CI: 0.003-0.195;P<0.001), long-term complications (OR= 0.195, 95%CI: 0.113-0.335;P<0.001), reoperation (OR= 0.2, 95%CI: 0.108- 0.384;P<0.001) and incisional hernia (OR= 0.184, 95%CI: 0.102-0.333;P<0.001). There was no significant difference in odds of mortality among the procedures.

Conclusions:
Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis showed that LL had lower odds of long-term ostomy and re-operation, but more risk for disease recurrence when compared to resection in purulent peritonitis. Colonic resection with PRA had better long-term outcomes than Hartmann’s procedure for fecal peritonitis.
Barriers and enablers to participation in a proposed online lifestyle intervention for older adults with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kha Richard , Wen Qingyun , Bender Nicholas , Jones Charlotte , Gopinath Bamini , Macniven Rona , Tang Diana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding condition associated with depression and loneliness. This facilitates unhealthy lifestyle behaviours which drives AMD progression. We developed the first online lifestyle intervention for AMD, called Movement, Interaction and Nutrition for Greater Lifestyles in the Elderly (MINGLE) to promote positive lifestyle changes, reduce loneliness and depression. This qualitative study explored enablers and barriers to participation in MINGLE for older Australians with AMD. Thirty-one participants with AMD were interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth approach. Thematic analysis revealed nine themes. Enablers to participation were: socialising and learning about AMD, motivation to improve health, program accessibility and structure. Barriers were: lack of time, unfamiliarity with technology, limited knowledge regarding holistic interventions, vision-related issues, mobility and negative perception of group interactions. Multiple factors influence the participation of AMD patients in MINGLE and these must be considered when developing and implementing the MINGLE program to maximise participation.
Estimating post-treatment recurrence after multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment among patients with and without HIV: the impact of assumptions about death and missing follow-up
Authors: Sauer Sara M. , Mitnick Carole D. , Khan Uzma , Hewison Catherine , Bastard Mathieu , Holtzman David , Law Stephanie , Khan Munira , Padayachee Shrivani , Ahmed Saman , Isani Afshan K. , Krisnanda Aga , Vilbrun Stalz Charles , Bektasov Sagit , Kumsa Andargachew , Docteur Wisney , Tintaya Karen , McNicol Mark , Atshemyan Hakob , Voynilo Tatiana , Thwe Thin Thin , Seung Kwonjune , Rich Michael , Huerga Helena , Khan Palwasha , Franke Molly 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuantification of recurrence risk following successful treatment is crucial to evaluating regimens for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR) tuberculosis (TB). However, such analyses are complicated when some patients die or become lost during post-treatment-follow-up.MethodsWe analyzed data on 1,991 patients who successfully completed a longer MDR/RR-TB regimen containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid between 2015 and 2018 in 16 countries. Using five approaches for handling post-treatment deaths, we estimated the six-month post-treatment TB recurrence risk overall, and by HIV status. We used inverse-probability-weighting to account for patients with missing follow-up and investigated the impact of potential bias from excluding these patients without applying inverse-probability weights.ResultsThe estimated TB recurrence risk was 6.6 per 1000 (95% confidence interval (CI):3.2,11.2) when deaths were handled as non-recurrences, and 6.7 per 1000 (95% CI:2.8,12.2) when deaths were censored and inverse-probability weights were applied to account for the excluded deaths. The estimated risk of composite recurrence outcomes were 24.2 (95% CI:14.1,37.0), 10.5 (95% CI:5.6,16.6), and 7.8 (95% CI:3.9,13.2) per 1000 for recurrence or 1) any death, 2) death with unknown or TB-related cause, 3) TB-related death, respectively. Corresponding relative risks for HIV status varied in direction and magnitude. Exclusion of patients with missing follow-up without inverse-probability-weighting had a small but apparent impact on estimates.ConclusionThe estimated six-month TB recurrence risk was low, and the association with HIV status was inconclusive due to few recurrence events. Estimation of post-treatment recurrence will be enhanced by explicit assumptions about deaths and appropriate adjustment for missing follow-up data.