bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predisposing Factors to Mental and Suicidal Behaviors among Students of Kenya Medical Training College Zone
Authors: Onchiri Abel , Kombich Mary , Kandie Evans , Mogeni Vincent 
Published: April 2023

Aims: The objectives of the study were: to determine suicide and substance abuse rate among college students within KMTC colleges in zone six; to establish psychosocial factors that influence mental and suicide distress among KMTC students in the mentioned zone; and to analyze the relationship between the psychosocial factors and suicide & substance rates among KMTC students in zone six.
Methods: The study employed descriptive and inferential research design and collected both quantitative and qualitative data. The data collection instruments were interviews among students, focus group discussion and questionnaires.
Study Sample: The study target population was at zone six colleges with population sample size of 289.
Data Analysis: The collected data was analyzed by use of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. Data was presented in form of tables and figures.
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among students of Kenya Medical Training college, a structured self-administered questionnaire (SRQ 20) and suicidal ideation was assessed using semi structured yes/no question face to face interview. Stratified multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants from respective campuses from a randomly selected zone. Ethical clearance was considered due to the sensitivity of the matter; clearance from respective authorities were obtained before actual data collection were done.
Results: All of the respondents agreed to more than 50% on the factors that lead to suicide ideation. From the findings, 51.8% respondents agreed that the use Tobacco and its products (cigarette, chewing tobacco, cigars etc) affects their health, legal, social and cost financial problems weekly, 20.5 % once or twice 9.1% monthly 9.5% daily. Also 90.9% of the students agreed that Alcohol beverages (beer, wines, spirits etc) has caused health, legal, social and financial problems on a daily basis, 2.7% once or twice, 1.4% weekly and 15% never affected by alcohol.
Conclusions and Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should develop an authority to handle suicide and mental health related issues. The authority should be seriously funded like case of HIV-AIDS. The authority should be able to establish adequate policy for the involvement of the society. Its policies should result in re-establishment of positive social norms, as currently norms seem to be dwindling slowly by slowly. This change in norms is likely to change society to prevent causes and effects of suicide, making the society view the phenomena differently and positively. The proposal was approved by the college research committee. Confidentiality of the participants was highly observed. In addition, the researcher-maintained anonymity of the respondents upon obtaining a written consent based on an elaborate explanation of the study.
Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Children with Cancer Using Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin
Authors: Marhaeni Wulandewi , Hidayah Astarini , Sari Rina Purnama , Margareth Yulia 
Published: April 2023

Aims: Cancer in children can adversely affect their quality of life. Evaluation of health related quality of life (HRQoL) during the process of treatments is important for recognition of acute dysfunction related to therapy and disease. The aims of this study was to assess the HRQoL of cancer children with using the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQLTM) and to assess the influence of cancer type dan duration of treatment to their quality of life.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the age of 2-18 years of pediatric cancer patient in the Children Haematology Oncology’s Ward at the Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin from November to Desember 2022. Subject and their parents were assessed using the PedsQLTM Generic Core Scales and Cancer Module, which consist of parent-report and/ or child-report.
Results: A total number of 59 children participated in this study, mean age 8.4 years old, 38 (64.41%) were male. Non solid tumor represented 62.5% of the sample, with the highest percentage for leukemia (62.71%). Parent had reports about having lower quality of life on the assessment than their children (p< 0.05). Children with solid tumor had more problem in procedural anxiety than non-solid tumor, and HRQoL children with duration of therapy more than 1 year was significantly better than the children who had duration of therapy less than 1 year on pain and hurt domain (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Children cancer in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin have low quality of life based on parent reports, especially in school function. Children cancer with solid tumor had more problem in procedural anxiety, and also shorter duration of therapy had more problem in pain and hurt. Special care and psychosocial support to children and their parent is needed to improve their HRQoL during treatment.
Access to Quality Education, a Basic Right of Every Child
Authors: Sebu Soyhunlo 
Published: April 2023

Quality education is a matter of great concern and what quality means in education is a subject of intense debate. UNESCO conceptualized quality education as, learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be. Making quality school education accessible to every child in India is a big challenge as the school system faces a huge shortage of trained teachers, a lack of basic infrastructure, school dropouts, and the socio-economic condition of the student’s parents. Such is the reason for the undesirable literacy level. The non-availability of quality Early Childhood Care and Education is a matter of great concern in the country as it has a long-term impact on children. Teachers and headteachers are the most important pillar of the school and need to be strengthened through quality capacity-building training. National Education Policy 2020, emphasis on quality education. Hence making quality education accessible to every child will depend on how the policy [1] is implemented in reality. This article is based on a secondary source and tries to analyze the issues and challenges of providing quality education to every child in India.
Pemanfaatan Mesin Vacuum Casting Semi Otomatis untuk Kebutuhan Pembuatan Produk Perhiasan
Authors: Jonoadji Ninuk , Kurniawan Aldo , Siahaan Ian Hardianto 
Published: April 2023

Perhiasan merupakan barang dekoratif yang banyak digunakan oleh manusia meskipun diklasifikasikan dalam kelompok kebutuhan tersier. Pada umumnya perhiasan banyak terbuat dari logam emas dengan bahan campuran logam lainnya. Proses casting merupakan salah satu teknik pembuatan produk perhiasan secara massal yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh pengrajin perhiasan. Proses ini dilakukan dengan cara menuangkan material cair kedalam rongga cetakan yang telah dibentuk lalu didinginkan. Permasalahan yang ditemukan adalah bahwa proses casting perhiasan tidak dapat dilakukan dengan penuangan secara gravitasi sederhana, sehingga prosesnya selalu dibantu dengan mesin untuk menghindari terjadinya shrinkage porosity dengan cara mengatur temperaturnya pada kondisi suhu lelehan logam yang tepat agar dapat mengurangi kontak dengan udara pada saat logam dilelehkan dan dituangkan pada ruangan cetakan. Mesin vakum casting dalam hal ini digunakan untuk membantu membuat produk perhiasan sehingga permukaan menjadi halus sekalipun dengan detail yang rumit dan memastikan logam mengisi cetakan dengan baik. Selain itu, mesin vacuum casting yang dirancang lebih mudah dioperasikan oleh operator karena terdiri dari elemen pemanas menggunakan mekanisme stopper pneumatik dengan kapasitas pengecoran 400 gr. Performa mesin vacuum casting ini dapat memanaskan elemen pemanas selang waktu 1 jam 34 menit, dan waktu pengeluaran udara dari vacuum chamber dalam waktu 27 detik serta kualitas produk yang dihasilkan juga tanpa adanya cacat produk.
Host‐Guest Complexation Strategy for Passivating Pb‐Dimer Related Defects in Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Ni , Li Tinghao , Wang Can , Xiong Qiu , Li Feng , Zhang Zilong , Deng Chunyan , Hu Chongzhu , Shibayama Naoyuki , Wu Jihuai , Gao Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough there is extensive attention to the eminent perovskite solar cells, the deep‐level defects such as Pb‐Pb dimers in the solution‐processed polycrystalline perovskites inevitably result in photovoltaic output losses and subsequent degradation. Recently, it is reported that an electron‐donating group can passivate Pb dimer defects efficiently. However, the mechanism for the causation of metallic lead (Pb0) from the iodide vacancy (VI) is unclear. Herein, a chain reaction mechanism is proposed for the possible transformation process from VI to Pb0 with the Pb dimer intermediates. In this regard, a host‐guest strategy is adopted by using 4‐tert‐Butyl‐1‐(ethoxycarbonyl‐ methoxy) thiacalix[4]arene (tBuTCA) to complex with the cations and out‐of‐cage (Lead(II) iodide) PbI2. Moreover, a host‐guest complexation can be formed due to the Pb2+‐π interactions. Continuously, the negative charge compensation for iodine vacancy can hinder the formation of Pb‐Pb dimer, thus significantly suppressing non‐radiative recombination. Consequently, the resulting solar cells show more than 24% power conversion efficiencies and maintain over 96% of their initial performance without encapsulation for 486 h under an ambient environment. This work highlights the significance of supramolecular engineering in constructing a high‐quality perovskite for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Angstrom‐Confined Electrochemical Synthesis of Sub‐Unit‐Cell Non‐Van Der Waals 2D Metal Oxides
Authors: Ji Dali , Lee Yuna , Nishina Yuta , Kamiya Kazuhide , Daiyan Rahman , Chu Dewei , Wen Xinyue , Yoshimura Masamichi , Kumar Priyank , Andreeva Daria V. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung , Joshi Rakesh , Foller Tobias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBottom‐up electrochemical synthesis of atomically thin materials is desirable yet challenging, especially for non‐van der Waals (non‐vdW) materials. Thicknesses below a few nanometers have not been reported yet, posing the question how thin can non‐vdW materials be electrochemically synthesized. This is important as materials with (sub‐)unit‐cell thickness often show remarkably different properties compared to their bulk form or thin films of several nanometers thickness. Here, a straightforward electrochemical method utilizing the angstrom‐confinement of laminar reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanochannels is introduced to obtain a centimeter‐scale network of atomically thin (<4.3 Å) 2D‐transition metal oxides (2D‐TMO). The angstrom‐confinement provides a thickness limitation, forcing sub‐unit‐cell growth of 2D‐TMO with oxygen and metal vacancies. It is showcased that Cr2O3, a material without significant catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in bulk form, can be activated as a high‐performing catalyst if synthesized in the 2D sub‐unit‐cell form. This method displays the high activity of sub‐unit‐cell form while retaining the stability of bulk form, promising to yield unexplored fundamental science and applications. It is shown that while retaining the advantages of bottom‐up electrochemical synthesis, like simplicity, high yield, and mild conditions, the thickness of TMO can be limited to sub‐unit‐cell dimensions.
Bioinspired Solid‐State Ion Nanochannels: Insight from Channel Fabrication and Ion Transport
Authors: Zhang Yun , Chen Duo , He Wang , Tan Jie , Yang Yanbing , Yuan Quan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith specific structures and unique features, biological ion channel proteins play crucial roles in many life processes of living organisms. Inspired by the biological ion channel proteins, researchers have developed a variety of artificial nanochannels to explore the mechanisms of selective ion transport and achieve applications in molecular filters, biosensors, and energy conversion devices. The ion transport behavior in nanochannels is mainly governed by the interaction between ions and the nanochannels interface. Herein, the structures, fabrication methods, and ion transport properties of biomimetic solid‐state ion nanochannels are reviewed, with emphasis on the transport performance and mechanism of nanochannels. In addition, the current challenges faced and the future outlooks of these solid‐sate ion nanochannels for practical applications are discussed.
Primary and Secondary Reflective Color Realized by Full‐Solution‐Processed Multi‐Layer Structures
Authors: Feng Wei‐Jie , Ji Chengang , Guo L. Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA full solution‐based method is reported to fabricate multilayer thin film stacks for structural color applications. This is in contrast to the conventional fabrication methods that require high vacuum processes such as physical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering, which significantly limits their practical use due to the high cost and long processing time. Copper/silicon dioxide/copper (Cu/SiO2/Cu) and copper/titanium dioxide/copper (Cu/TiO2/Cu) are chosen as the model system due to their simple structure and wide color tunability. A systematic investigation is carried out for each layer to ensure good film quality as well as its compatibility with all previous layers. Especially, a particulate Cu layer having optical properties distinct from that of bulk is obtained through such solution deposition, where the refractive index of Cu can be continuously tuned with deposition time. Both primary and secondary colors are achieved with a continuous manipulation of both the dielectric thickness and top Cu morphology on different substrates (e.g., silicon, glass, plastics, etc.).
Brønsted Base‐Catalyzed Direct 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Butenolide to p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Cui Jin , Samanta Sadhanendu , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractButyrolactones are prevalent structural elements in many natural products. Vinylogous conjugate additions of butenolides are among the most promising synthetic methods for generating natural products and/or natural product‐like compounds with potential biological activities. In this report, direct 1,6‐conjugate addition of butenolide to p‐quinone methides via Brønsted base catalysis was performed, which provides an efficient route to interesting molecules. The reaction proceeds with a regioselective γ‐attack of butenolide and shows good functional group tolerance.
Enhanced permeability and antifouling properties of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane with hydrophilic P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) copolymer
Authors: Hui Wang , Mengbing Cui , Heng Chen , Jizheng Feng , Yan Zeng , Hangyue Zhou , Gairong Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this research, a new amphiphilic random copolymer of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (abbreviated as P(AMPS‐co‐MMA)) was synthesized by solution free radical copolymerization method, and was introduced into hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process without adding pore‐forming agent to enhance the permeability and antifouling properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane. The FT‐NMR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical structure of P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) and copolymerization of AMPS and MMA, the effects of P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) on membrane surface chemical compositions, morphology, roughness, charge, hydrophilicity, permeability and antifouling properties were characterized in‐detail. The results indicate that the PVDF/P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) composite membranes demonstrated excellent permeability, improved antifouling property and long‐term stability due to the optimized membrane microstructure, stronger hydrophilicity and endowed negative charge. The PVDF composite membrane blended with 1.5 wt% P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) showed the best membrane performances, the pure water flux was 286.5 L·m−2·h−1 while the BSA rejection was as high as 98%, and the flux recovery ratio (FRR) and reversible fouling ratio to the total fouling ratio (Rr/Rt) reached 94.8% and 87% respectively, which outpaced ever reported and commercial PVDF membranes. Therefore, P(AMPS‐co‐MMA) copolymer was expected to be a potential excellent pore‐forming material in fabricating high‐performance membranes.
From cradle to public care: The Austrian health care system and psychoanalysis
Authors: Hajek Gisela , Bernstein Jeanne Wolff 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the following text the Austrian health system will be presented as well as its current model for training psychoanalysts. In Austria, everyone has an equal right to health insurance, no matter whether they are working or unemployed, on maternity leave or legally approved as refugees. With regard to psychotherapy, 24 psychotherapeutic modalities are currently recognized by the Austrian health care system. Patients can rely on a partial or full reimbursement when they engage in psychotherapy, no matter what modality they choose. Most training institutions and universities have walk‐in clinics where the general public and students can make their first contacts with psychotherapy. There are also psychoanalytic clinics, specifically tailored towards women, children and refugees at very low or no cost to them. If a patient can obtain a Kassenplatz at a psychoanalyst, s/he can benefit from long‐term therapy that is largely refunded by the Austrian State insurance company.
Decentralized ϵ‐Nash strategy for linear quadratic mean field games using a successive approximation approach
Authors: Xu Zhenhui , Shen Tielong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a successive approximation method for decentralized strategy design in the large‐scale linear quadratic (LQ) Gaussian game. The strategy consists of transforming the original mean field game (MFG) problem into solving decoupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) whose numerical solutions are obtained by a new two‐loop iteration algorithm. It should be noted that we employ the augmented model technique and the LQ framework to derive these low‐dimensional solvable ODEs, which is the cornerstone of constructing the decentralized
‐Nash strategy. In addition, the quadratic ODEs contained therein are approximately solved for by a sequence of iterative linear ordinary differential equations (LODEs) with guaranteed convergence. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Clinical efficacy of the first two doses of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines in solid cancer patients
Authors: Cona Maria Silvia , Riva Agostino , Dalu Davide , Gabrieli Arianna , Fasola Cinzia , Lipari Giuseppe , Pozza Giacomo , Rulli Eliana , Galli Francesca , Ruggieri Lorenzo , Masedu Elsa , Parma Gaia , Chizzoniti Davide , Gambaro Anna , Ferrario Sabrina , Antista Maria , De Monte Matteo , Tarkowski Maciej S. , La Verde Nicla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionCancer patients are frail individuals, thus the prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is essential. To date, vaccination is the most effective tool to prevent COVID‐19. In a previous study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of two doses of mRNA‐based vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273) in solid cancer patients. We found that seroconversion rate in cancer patients without a previous exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 was lower than in healthy controls (66.7% vs. 95%, p = 0.0020). The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the vaccination in the same population.MethodsThis is a single‐institution, prospective observational study. Data were collected through a predefined questionnaire through phone call in the period between the second and third vaccine dose. The primary objective was to describe the clinical efficacy of the vaccination, defined as the percentage of vaccinated subjects who did not develop symptomatic COVID‐19 within 6 months after the second dose. The secondary objective was to describe the clinical features of patients who developed COVID‐19.ResultsFrom January to June 2021, 195 cancer patients were enrolled. Considering that 7 (3.59%) patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and 5 developed symptomatic disease, the clinical efficacy of the vaccination was 97.4%. COVID‐19 disease in most patients was mild and managed at home; only one hospitalization was recorded and no patient required hospitalization in the intensive care unit.DiscussionOur study suggests that increasing vaccination coverage, including booster doses, could improve the prevention of infection, hospitalization, serious illness, and death in the frail population of cancer patients.
Analysis of thymic generation of shared T‐cell receptor α repertoire associated with recognition of tumor antigens shows no preference for neoantigens over wild‐type antigens
Authors: Mattila Joonatan , Sormunen Silja , Heikkilä Nelli , Mattila Ilkka P. , Saramäki Jari , Arstila T. Petteri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe number of mutations in cancer cells is an important predictor of a positive response to cancer immunotherapy. It has been suggested that the neoantigens produced by these mutations are more immunogenic than nonmutated tumor antigens, which are likely to be protected by immunological tolerance. However, the mechanisms of tolerance as regards tumor antigens are incompletely understood.MethodsHere, we have analyzed the impact of thymic negative selection on shared T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire associated with the recognition of either mutated or nonmutated tumor antigens by comparing previously known TCR—antigen—pairs to TCR repertoires of 21 immunologically healthy individuals.ResultsOur results show that TCRα chains associated with either type of tumor antigens are readily generated in the thymus, at a frequency similar to TCRα chains associated with nonself. In the peripheral repertoire, the relative clone size of nonself‐associated chains is higher than that of the tumor antigens, but importantly, there is no difference between TCRα chains associated with mutated or nonmutated tumor antigens.ConclusionThis suggests that the tolerance mechanisms protecting nonmutated tumor antigens are non‐deletional and therefore potentially reversible. As unmutated antigens are, unlike mutations, shared by a large number of patients, they may offer advantages in designing immunological approaches to cancer treatment.
Der Rote Keulenkopf
Authors: Petersen Frank 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungZu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts begannen sich pharmazeutische Chemiker mit den Alkaloiden der Keulenkopf‐Sklerotien zu beschäftigten. Der Savoyer Apotheker Joseph Bonjean aus Chambéry entwickelte einen Mutterkornextrakt zu einem kommerziell erfolgreichen Medikament, das auch in den USA vermarktet wurde. Kurz darauf erkannte der französische Mykologe Louis‐René Tulasne im Mutterkorn die Überdauerungsform eines Pilzes, den er Claviceps purpurea nannte. 1877 publizierte der französische Apotheker Charles Tanret die Herstellung eines kristallinen Substanzpräparats aus einem alkoholischen Ergotextrakt. Auch wenn es sich später als nicht wirksam erwies, kommt ihm das Verdienst zu, die ersten Mutterkornalkaloide als Gemisch kristallisiert zu haben. Nach Jahrzehnten des quälenden wissenschaftlichen Irrlichterns gewannen 1906 die britischen Forscher George Barger, Francis Carr und Henry Dale bei Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. wieder ein kristallines Präparat, das dieses Mal die gesuchte pharmakologische Wirkung besaß. Es wurde Ergotoxin genannt und unter dem Handelsnamen Ernutin® in die Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin eingeführt.