bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring experiences regarding information literacy competencies among nursing students at Aga Khan University, Uganda
Authors: Nakaziba Sarah , Kaddu Sarah , Namuguzi Mary , Mwanzu Arnold 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe study sought to assess and evaluate the information literacy experiences and competencies of nursing students at Aga Khan University, Uganda. A review of information literacy (IL) programs was done to establish the competencies students acquired from the library staff and examine the contribution of IL competencies to the effective utilization of library information resources.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative descriptive research design was used to describe the participants' experiences regarding IL competencies. The study population included 35 nursing students pursuing a diploma of science in nursing in the second year of study. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify only second-year diploma students who had undertaken the IL training. The study utilized individual interviews and open-ended questionnaires.FindingsThe study found that nursing students who attained some IL competencies could easily locate the required information; IL was not integrated into the curriculum as a stand-alone course unit, but rather a few elements were embedded in some of the nursing course units like research, nursing informatics and academic writing. Furthermore, there was no well-developed IL curriculum used for teaching the subject. The study also noted that there was a minimum collaboration between the faculty and librarians in teaching IL at AKU. Findings showed there was a gap in the IL program delivery.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature on the subject by bringing together current views and opinions of the three populations involved to present a more comprehensive view of the challenges academia faces regarding teaching and student acquisition of IL skills.
The power of critical mass to make a difference: how gender diversity in board affect US corporate carbon performance
Authors: Toukabri Mohamed , Jilani Faouzi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of board gender diversity on company greenhouse gas (GHG) performance, the influence of a critical mass of women on boards on carbon performance (CP) score and its three components separately (Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3). This study examines the presence of institutional investors as a contingent factor that intensifies the effectiveness of the critical mass of female directors on CP.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of the US companies listed on Securities and Exchange Commission for the period 2011–2018 and making a total of 2416 observations. This study shows that reaching a critical mass of female board members enhances the level of CP. In addition, this study finds that the presence of institutional investors positively moderates this relationship.

Findings
The main results suggest that there is a nonlinear relationship between a critical mass of women directors and CP, and that institutional investors play a strategic role in shaping this relationship. The effect of institutional investors on the three components of CP is also analyzed.

Research limitations/implications
This research is characterized by the methodology adopted for a quantitative variable for measuring CP. Indeed, other research the proxies related to carbon measurements are often used as a simple binary variable. This study verifies the harmony of the theory of critical mass measuring diversity within the board of directors, the presence of institutional investors on GHG emissions (Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3), unlike previous studies (Tingbani et al., 2020; Nuber and Velte, 2021) which only focus on the two measures of carbon emissions (Scope 1 and Scope 2).

Originality/value
This study shows identically that gender diversity on the board must reach a critical mass of three women directors to motivate and influence CP. We fill the gap in previous research regarding the role played by the institutional environment of the firm in improving CP. Third, this study highlights the relevance of having a critical mass of pressure-resistant female directors on boards due to their engagement in climate change issues and CP.
Sensory properties of 6‐ and 18‐month‐stored wines made with pectinase‐producing non‐Saccharomyces yeasts
Authors: Paup Victoria D. , Aplin Jesse J. , Potter Rachel I. , Edwards Charles G. , Lee Jungmin , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, the use and commercial availability of non‐Saccharomyces yeasts (NSY) in winemaking to reduce alcohol content have increased. However, research exploring the influence on sensory quality of the wine, particularly during storage, is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sensory profiles of Merlot and Chardonnay wines made with pectinase‐producing NSY, with added substrate, that is, pectin. Apple pectin (0 or 0.5 g/L) was added to Merlot and Chardonnay grape musts after inoculation with (a) only Saccharomyces cerevisiae or (b) a three species mixture of NSY; after 3 days, S. cerevisiae was added. Addition of NSY with added pectin resulted in higher concentrations of d‐galacturonic acid and glycerol concentration in the wines after 6 months of aging. However, mouthfeel (viscosity or weight) of wines with or without added pectin as determined by a sensory evaluation panel was not altered by the presence of these yeasts. Significant interactions among the yeast utilized, pectin addition, and 6‐month aging affected some flavors (solvent) of Merlot, while addition of NSY increased other attributes (cherry) during aging. No sensory differences were perceived among Chardonnay samples due to NSY; however, aging from 6 to 18 months increased the intensity of 40 sensory attributes. Though mouthfeel was not specifically affected, the utilization of NSY may be a useful tool to alter wine quality in Merlot by increasing specific aromas during storage.Practical ApplicationWe found that must fermented with pectinase‐producing non‐Saccharomyces yeasts (NSY) modified the chemical composition of the final young wine. After one additional year of aging, an increase in cherry flavor was observed in Merlot wines made with NSY, which may increase perceived quality. Thus, the use of these pectinase‐producing NSY may be a useful tool for winemakers.
Characterization of the aroma compounds in crystal malt
Authors: Cai Guolin , Gu Hong , Han Bingxin , Yang Hua , Li Xiaomin , Lu Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCrystal malt, the most popular type of specialty malt used in beer brewing, plays a vital role in forming complex flavor and color. Nevertheless, crystal malt is only defined based on the malting process, and there is not any standard to evaluate its quality. In the current study, the volatile aroma constituents of commercial crystal malt samples were analyzed with headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in order to explore the characteristic aroma compounds of crystal malt. The average concentration of volatile aroma compounds in 10 crystal malt samples is 587 µg L−1, ranging from 347 to 1265 µg L−1. A total of 38 aroma compounds were identified, 47% of which were existed in all the 10 samples. Based on principal component analysis and odor activity value, isobutyraldehyde, 2‐methylbutanal, furfural, 2‐acetyl‐1H‐pyrrole, oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol, 4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐2‐pentenal, and (2E)‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐2‐hexenal could be considered the characteristic aroma compounds of crystal malt. The results of this present study would help to establish a standard to assess the quality traits of crystal malt sample.
Glycemic profile and quality of recovery after emergency abdominal surgery–A prospective explorative cohort study
Authors: Clausen Johan S. R. , Andersen Jens R. , Priergaard Mie , Banke Trine , Kristiansen Puk , Hansen Hannah F. , Burcharth Jakob , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAssociations between degrees of postoperative hyperglycemia and morbidity has previously been established. There may be an association between the glycemic profile and patient‐reported recovery, and this may be a target for perioperative quality improvements. We aimed to investigate the association between metrics of the 30‐day glycemic profile and patient‐reported recovery in nondiabetic patients after major abdominal surgery. In a prospective, explorative cohort study, nondiabetic adult patients undergoing acute, major abdominal surgery were included within 24 h after surgery. Interstitial fluid glucose concentration was measured for 30 consecutive days with a continuous glucose measurement device. The validated questionnaire ‘Quality of Recovery‐15’ was used to assess patient‐reported quality of recovery on postoperative days 10, 20, and 30. Follow‐up time was divided into five‐day postoperative intervals using days 26–30 as a reference. Linear mixed models were applied to investigate temporal changes in mean p‐glucose, coefficient of variation, time within 70–140 mg/dl, and time above 200 mg/dl in relation to patient‐reported recovery. Twenty‐seven patients completed the study per protocol. A hyperglycemic event (>200 mg/dl) occurred in 18 of 27 patients (67%) within the first three postoperative days. Compared to the reference period, the coefficient of variation was significantly increased during all time intervals, indicating prolonged postoperative insulin resistance. During 30 days of follow‐up, patient‐reported recovery was associated with the coefficient of variation measured for 3 and 5 days before the corresponding recovery score assessment (recovery score estimate −1.52 [p < .001] and −0.92 [p = .006], respectively). We did not find an association between the remaining metrics and patient‐reported recovery. Alterations in the glycemic profile are frequent and prolonged during the first postoperative month after major surgery probably due to peripheral insulin resistance. Our findings indicate that high‐glycemic variation is associated with poorer patient‐reported recovery and might represent a proxy for care improvements in the postoperative period.
National survey on caffeine use in neonatal units across the United Kingdom
Authors: Grainge Stephanie , Nair Vrinda , Kannan Loganathan Prakash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo understand the variations in practice for caffeine use among neonatal units in the United Kingdom.MethodsAn online survey was sent to every neonatal unit in the United Kingdom.ResultsWe received a response from 92 neonatal units (47%) with the proportion of response from special care, Local neonatal units, neonatal intensive care units and neonatal surgical units were 23%, 34%, 23% and 21% respectively. All the units reported the use of caffeine, and 40 units (46%) initiated caffeine within 24 h of birth. Fifty‐nine units (64%) reported routine use of caffeine for pre‐term infants <32 weeks. Seventy‐one units (77%) reported that they continue caffeine for infants needing mechanical ventilation. Thirty‐one units (34%) discontinued caffeine at 34 weeks post‐menstrual age, irrespective of the respiratory support. Ten units (11%) reported discontinuation of caffeine only after weaning off all respiratory support, and 40% of units had a variable practice of discontinuing caffeine depending on the individual baby. Seventy‐nine units (86%) reported they would regularly optimise caffeine dose based on weight checks.ConclusionOur survey showed some variation in practice with regards to the timing of caffeine initiation, gestational age cut‐off for routine caffeine prescription and discontinuation.
Categorisation of peritoneal serous effusions using the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology—A study on gynaecological samples
Authors: Rakheja Garima , Singh Meeta , Priyadarshnee Bhagyashree , Marimuthu Bharanidharan , Dhar Lity , Jain Shyama , Khurana Nita , Rathore Asmita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytology of serous effusions is an indispensable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of non‐neoplastic as well as neoplastic effusions, aiding in the categorisation, staging, and prognostication of the patient. This study focuses on reclassifying cases of peritoneal fluid cytology following the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS), highlighting various challenges encountered and adding to the body of data regarding the risk of malignancy (ROM), focussing on peritoneal effusions due to gynaecological causes.MethodsPeritoneal effusion samples were retrieved from our department's archives and reclassified according to the TIS. The ROM for each category was calculated based on available surgical follow‐up.ResultsA total of 818 peritoneal effusions were studied. Following the definitions and guidelines of the TIS, the cases were reclassified with 125 (15.2%) in the category of non‐diagnostic (ND), 595 (72.7%) as negative for malignancy (NFM), 26 (3.2%) as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 12 (1.5%) as suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 60 (7.3%) as malignant (MAL). The respective ROM values for each category were 16.9%, 12.1%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. By considering the MAL and SFM groups as positive, and the ND, NFM, and AUS groups as negative, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined as 85.2%, 36.7%, 99.1%, 91.7%, and 84.5%, respectively.ConclusionsPeritoneal cytology categorisation following the proposed TIS offered a practical approach for categorisation of the fluids received. The ROMs reported in our study were mostly concordant with those published according to the TIS.
Climate tracking by freshwater fishes suggests that fish diversity in temperate lakes may be increasingly threatened by climate warming
Authors: Wu Thomas , Imrit Mohammad Arshad , Movahedinia Zahra , Kong Jude , Woolway R. Iestyn , Sharma Sapna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimMany freshwater fishes are migrating poleward to more thermally suitable habitats in response to warming climates. In this study, we aimed to identify which freshwater fishes are most sensitive to climatic changes and asked: (i) how fast are lakes warming? (ii) how fast are fishes moving? and (iii) are freshwater fishes tracking climate?LocationOntario, Canada.MethodsWe assembled a database containing time series data on climate and species occurrence data from 10,732 lakes between 1986 and 2017. We calculated the rate of lake warming and climate velocity for these lakes. Climate velocities were compared with biotic velocities, specifically the rate at which the northernmost extent of each species shifted north.ResultsLakes in Ontario warmed by 0.2°C decade−1 on average, at a climate velocity of 9.4 km decade−1 between 1986 and 2017. In response, some freshwater fishes have shifted their northern range boundaries with considerable interspecific variation ranging from species moving southwards at a rate of −58.9 km decade−1 to species ranges moving northwards at a rate of 83.6 km decade−1 over the same time period. More freshwater fish species are moving into northern lakes in Ontario than those being lost. Generally, predators are moving their range edges northwards, whereas prey fishes are being lost from northern lakes.Main ConclusionsThe concurrent loss of cooler refugia, combined with antagonistic competitive and predatory interactions with the range expanding species, has resulted in many commercially important predators moving their range edges northwards, whereas prey species have contracted their northern range edge boundaries. Trophic partitioning of range shifts highlights a previously undocumented observation of the loss of freshwater fishes from lower trophic levels in response to climate‐driven migrations.
Ratcheting up tool innovation in Goffin's cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana): The effect of contextually diverse prior experience
Authors: Ibáñez de Aldecoa Paula , Auersperg Alice M. I. , Griffin Andrea S. , Tebbich Sabine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ability to gain information from one situation, acquire new skills and/or perfect existing ones, and subsequently apply them to a new situation is a key element in behavioural flexibility and a hallmark of innovation. A flexible agent is expected to store these skills and apply them to contexts different from that in which learning occurred. Goffin's cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) are highly innovative parrots renowned for their problem‐solving and tool‐using skills and are thus excellent candidates to study this phenomenon. We hypothesized that birds allowed to use a tool in a larger variety of contingencies would acquire a broader expertise in handling it, facilitating its transfer to new tasks. In our study, we compared the performance of two groups of captive Goffin's cockatoos (N = 13): A test group received more diverse learning and motor experiences on multiple applications of a hook‐type tool, while a control group received intensive, total trial‐matched, experience with a single application of the same tool. Then, both groups were tested on two novel tasks to determine whether experience with the tool in multiple contexts would facilitate performance during transfer. While both groups transferred to both novel tasks, group differences in performance were apparent, particularly in the second transfer task, where test birds achieved a higher success rate and reached criteria within fewer trials than control birds. These results provide support for the prediction that experiencing a diverse range of contingencies with a tool appears to allow birds to acquire generalizable knowledge and transferrable skills to tackle an untrained problem more efficiently. In contrast, intensive experience with the tool in a single context might have made control birds less flexible and more fixated on previously learned tool‐dependent instances.
The ecdysis triggering hormone system is essential for reproductive success in Mythimna separata (Walker)
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Mei‐Mei , Li Bo‐Liao , Wu Yu‐ting , Li Yan‐Ying , Xu Xiang‐Li , Wu Jun‐Xiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcdysis triggering hormone (ETH) was originally discovered as a key hormone that regulates insect moulting via binding to its receptor, ETH receptor (ETHR). However, the precise role of ETH in moth reproduction remains to be explored in detail. ETH function was verified in vivo using Mythimna separata (Walker), an important cereal crop pest. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that transcriptional expression profiles of MsepETH showed evident sexual dimorphism in the adult stage. MsepETH expression increased in the females on day 3 and persisted thereafter till day 7, consistent with female ovarian maturation, and was merely detectable in males. Meanwhile, MsepETH expression levels were significantly higher in the trachea than in other tissues. MsepETHR‐A and MsepETHR‐B were expressed in both sexes and were significantly higher in the antennae than in other tissues. MsepETH and MsepETHR knockdown in females by RNA interference significantly reduced the expression of MsepETH, MsepETHR‐A, MsepETHR‐B, MsepJHAMT, and MsepVG, which delayed egg‐laying and significantly reduced egg production. RNAi 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) receptor (EcR) decreased MsepETH expression whereas injecting 20E restored egg production that had been disrupted by MsepETH interference. Meanwhile, RNAi juvenile hormone (JH) methoprene tolerant protein (Met) also decreased MsepETH expression and smearing JH analog methoprene (Meth) restored egg production. In conclusion, the reproduction roles of ETH, JH, and 20E were investigated in M. separata. These findings will lay the foundation for future research to develop an antagonist that reduces female reproduction and control strategies for pest insects.
Hepatic TREM2+ macrophages express matrix metalloproteinases to control fibrotic scar formation
Authors: Lee Kyeong‐Jin , An Seungchan , Kim Mi‐Yeon , Kim Sun Myoung , Jeong Won‐Il , Ko Hyun‐Jeong , Yang Yoon Mee , Noh Minsoo , Han Yong‐Hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiver cirrhosis is characterized by the extensive deposition of extracellular matrix such as fibril collagen, causing dysfunction and failure of the liver. Hepatic macrophages play pivotal roles in the transition from inflammatory to restorative properties upon hepatic injury. In particular, scar‐associated macrophages (SAMacs) control liver fibrosis with the representative expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). However, the heterogenic SAMac population has not been well characterized yet. This study profiled heterogeneous liver macrophages using public databases of single‐cell transcriptomics and found T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing (TIM)4− macrophages exhibited elevated expression of MMPs. Scar‐associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)2 was positively correlated with MMP expression, suggesting that TREM2+ subsets exert their fibrotic role via MMPs. During the progression of diet‐induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and drug‐induced liver cirrhosis, monocyte‐derived TREM2+ macrophages accumulate in the liver with the distinct expression of MMPs. A noticeable expansion of MMP‐ and TREM2‐ double positive macrophages was observed in fibrotic scar regions. Consistently, the analysis of single‐cell transcriptomics for human cirrhotic livers supported the theory that TREM2+ SAMacs are strongly associated with MMPs. The results could expand the understanding of liver fibrosis and SAMac, offering potential therapeutic approaches for liver cirrhosis.
Accessibility to dental services by immigrant and refugee children residing in Turkey
Authors: Duman Canan , Uslu Fatih Samet , Çakmak Sena , Aytekin Şevval Ilgın , Apaydın Tuana , Egil Edibe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTurkey is hosting the world's largest immigrant population under temporary and international protection. Due to the social inequalities contributing to early childhood dental caries, the effectiveness of dental care service for immigrant children should be evaluated.AimTo evaluate the accessibility of immigrant and refugee children residing in four different regions of Turkey to oral health products and dental treatment services.DesignA questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was administered: The first six questions elicited demographic data, and the remaining 15 questions asked about oral health habits, access to oral hygiene materials, and dental treatment services. Participants included the parents of 430 children under the age of 18, who were registered with migrant associations in the regions where they lived (Istanbul, Samsun, Hatay, or Ankara).ResultsThe majority of the participants were from Syria and Iraq. Of the participants, 42.1% reported that their children's oral hygiene habits had changed negatively after they migrated, 71.9% reported that they had not been to the dentist in the last year, and 82.8% reported that they had not been to the dentist for more than 12 months. Access to oral and dental hygiene products was not difficult for 68.4%. About 62.6%, however, reported that they had difficulty accessing dental treatment.ConclusionThe findings showed that this disadvantaged group had difficulty accessing dental treatment. Therefore, there is a need for national and international health strategies to ensure that immigrant and refugee children have effective access to dental treatment.