bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actitudes lingüísticas y vigencia de las lenguas andinas
Authors: Pinto Florentino Vizcarra , Pinto Saturnino Vizcarra 
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo de “Actitudes Lingüísticas y Vigencia de las Lenguas Andinas”, esta investigación tiene como Objetivos: a) Determinar las actitudes lingüísticas de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, en relación a las lenguas andinas quechua y aimara. b) Describir y explicar de la situación de la vigencia y el proceso de extinción de las lenguas andinas quechua y aimara en el contexto de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Método: la investigación corresponde al enfoque cualitativo y análisis hermenéutica para la interpretación de los datos, los instrumentos de recolección de información: cuestionario, escala Likert y observación. Los resultados de las actitudes lingüísticas de los estudiantes bilingües e hispanohablantes, asumen actitud cognitiva y conductual favorable o positivo hacia las lenguas andinas, puesto que la lengua es el símbolo de identidad cultural, la lengua de los pueblos originarios o de la madre Tierra de Pachamama. Finalmente, las lenguas andinas están vigentes (83%) como instrumento de interacción social.
Palabras clave: Actitudes lingüísticas, contexto de uso de la lengua, funcionalidad de la lengua, lenguas andinas, lenguas vernáculas, estudiantes bilingües e hispanohablantes, vigencia y extinción de las lenguas.
La indignación del pueblo aymara sobre el Perú actual: Refundar desde los pueblos y culturas de todas las sangres
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente , Flores Flores Russo Américo , Mendoza Huallpa Isidro Felix , Ticona Alanoca Cesario 
Published: September 2023

Quienes procedemos de pueblos originarios, en este caso del pueblo aymara, nos hartamos de la forma como se maneja y el Perú, en ese sentido en estos últimos años venimos discutiendo y debatiendo sobre esta realidad tan cruda e indignante. El objetivo del presente trabajo, es proponer elementos y propuestas para una refundación del Perú desde los pueblos de todas las sangres, quienes no tienen representación en los espacios de decisión de la vida nacional. La metodología que utilizamos es de tipo etnográfico y hermenéutico, se ha recopilado información en las diversas localidades de las trece provincias de la región Puno, los cuales describimos e interpretamos, luego consolidamos como propuestas y directrices, que podrían orientar el desarrollo del Perú. Los resultados se evidencian en dos aspectos, en primer lugar, existen motivaciones e indignaciones colectivas de los pueblos andinos y amazónico, en este caso desde los aymaras a nivel de la cotidianidad, y en segundo lugar identificamos algunos principios y estrategias que podrían ayudar a consolidar esa refundación, basado en valores y principios culturales, los cuales es posible realizar desde los espacios de la gestión pública como son los diferentes niveles de gobierno. Se concluye que no todo está perdido, sino que existen esperanzas y acciones pertinentes y coherentes que se evidencia en la lucha y emancipación de los pueblos que anteceden al Estado, ello hoy por hoy, son la alternativa para un Perú de todas las sangres y sin corrupción.
Re-creando y repensando desde adentro para construir conocimientos emancipatorios
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente 
Published: September 2023

Hace dos años y más salimos a la palestra para expresar lo que sentimos, pensamos, vivimos y también a mostrar lo que sufrimos y resistimos, pero estamos plenamente convencidos de nuestro como de doliente de las culturas y lenguas de nuestros pueblos que fueron sistemáticamente denegados, pero no doblegados en las formas de pensar y hacer por la lucha y la dignidad colectiva. La crisis civilizatoria afecta todas las áreas de la vida (Feo Istúriz y otros, 2020), en ese contexto los pueblos vienen afrontando desde sus sabidurías, al que la academia desde la perspectiva crítica emancipatoria viene recreando reflexiones pertinentes y contextualizadas
Los discursos legitimadores del modelo de liberalización de la economía en Argentina y Perú en la década de los 90’
Authors: Ramos Córdova Marcelo Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

La década de los 90’ marcó un giro dentro de la política económica de los países de América Latina, esto se presentó tanto en los casos de Perú y Argentina. Estos dos países pasaron por una crisis económica en la que la hiperinflación hacia estragos en el nivel de vida de la población de estos países.
En el marco de una crisis, la nueva élite política entendía que al ideología del neoliberalismo y sus recetas eran la respuesta ante un convulso escenario local e internacional. A través de estas élites se planteó un discurso legitimador de las reformas basados en los preceptos del neoliberalismo como justificantes de la nueva política económica, así como los cambios dentro de la política futura. El legado de los discursos enunciados durante este periodo se mantuvo por mucho tiempo. Las líneas argumentativas se fundamentaron en la denuncia del Estado y la revalorización de lo privado como sustentación de la desarticulación del modelo anterior.
INTERFERON-GAMMA ADMINISTRATION IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TB PATIENTS WITH DRUG RESISTANCE
Authors:   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Ryzhkova O.A. , Streltsova  E.N. ,   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Kasimova N.B. ,   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia
Published: September 2023

Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to TB drugs is a major factor of TB progression and patient death. TB caused by drug resistant strains commonly has protracted progressive course. The immune response to TB plays a significant role in the disease outcome. Interferons have the unique ability to protect the organism from various intracellular pathogens. Interferon-gamma (INF-γ) is an interferon with pronounced immunomodulatory activity, which allows using it as an important component of immunotherapy for a wide range of diseases. Ingaron® is an affordable domestic drug based on recombinant INF-γ used in practical health care. Objective: to assess effectiveness of IFN-γ administration in the complex treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients with multiple drug resistance (MDR). Materials and methods. We studied 50 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB and established MDR aged 18–55 years. The patients were divided into two groups: 25 patients (main group) received TB treatment containing IFN-γ (Ingaron®, Farmaklon, Russia), and 25 patients (comparison group) received TB treatment without any immunotherapy. The matched-comparison group was based on gender, age, clinical form of pulmonary TB, and drug resistance pattern. In both groups infiltrative pulmonary TB accounted for 56%, advanced (more than 3 segments affected) TB accounted for 76%, and destructive processes accounted for 86% of cases. Results. In the main group more pronounced dynamics was observed after 2 months of treatment – disappearance of intoxication symptoms (59%) and respiratory syndromes (73%), normalization of inflammatory shifts in blood tests (70%), sputum conversion (84%), small cavity (up to 2.5 cm) closure (50%) (χ2 = 6.2; p < 0.05), and activation of the immune response (χ2 = 7; p < 0.05). Positive effect of IFN-γ contributed to significant shortening of inpatient treatment. Conclusion. The administration of IFN-γ in combination with TB drugs improves effectiveness of treatment of newly diagnosed patients with drug-resistant pulmonary TB.
Analisis Status Kesuburan Tanah Pada Lahan di PT. Sumba Moelti Agriculture
Authors: Pa Semsidin Kota , Peku Jawang Uska , Hubi Ndapamuri Melycorianda 
Published: September 2023

Minimnya informasi terkait karakteristik dan kesuburan tanah pada lahan sorgum di PT Sumba Moelti Agriculture. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah dan status kesuburan tanah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode pengambilan data survey dan alalisis laboratorium dan analisis data dengan metode deskriptif eksploratif. Penentuan sampel tanah berdasarkan peta wilayah kerja (adfelin) dari PT Sumba Moelti Agriculture, diperoleh 10 sampel tanah sebagai keterwakilan dari masing-masing wilayah kerja. Hasil analisis menunjukan karakteristik tanah bertekstur lempung, lembung berdebu dan lempung berpasir; Nilai pH berkisar pada 7,01â€“7,94; Nilai kapasitas tukar kation berkisar pada 31,93â€“44,74 (me/100g); Nilai kejenuhan basa berkisar pada 80,74 â€“ 95,23 (%); Nilai P-total berkisar antara 40,39 â€“ 56,39 (mg/100g); Nilai K-total berkisar pada 44,32 â€“ 69,23 (mg/100g); Nilai C-organik berkisar pada 0,62 â€“ 2,88 (%). Status kesuburan tanah sedang dengan luas lahan 784,47 ha dan status kesuburan tinggi 537,44 ha. Faktor pembatas di lahan sorgum adalah C-organik dan P-total. Arahan dalam tindakan perbaikan karakteristik tanah dan peningkatan kesuburan tanah dengan penambahan pupuk dan pemberian bahan organik kedalam tanah.
Pemaknaan Semboyan Balayar Satujuan Batambat Setangkahan dalam Mempersatukan Agama, Adat dan Budaya di Kecamatan Datuk Bandar Kota Tanjung Balai
Authors: Ramadhan Syahri , Harahap Elly Warnisyah , Is Fadillah 
Published: September 2023

Indonesia has diversity, race, ethnicity, culture, customs, religion and several regions in this country have local beliefs. Many of the general public do not know that in every region there were beliefs held by people in ancient times. At this time there are still many who do not know very well about the contents of the values that exist in local beliefs and as a result there are still many who act intolerantly towards this original archipelago belief. The diversity of religions in Indonesia can be seen from the recognition of the five religions professed by the people in the country, namely Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. Factors that influence the diversity of Indonesian society, both from within and outside the community itself. This diversity is a challenge that can pose a threat to the integrity of the Indonesian nation. However, the existence of a motto that is formed as a reference or as a symbol of one area is able to help and reduce divisions between religious communities in that region. After conducting research, this research focuses on, 1) Having a motto/motto in one area can encourage the growth of tolerance towards differences in race, ethnicity, ethnicity, and religion. 2) Can strengthen unity in a pluralistic society. 3) It has its own meaning and meaning for each region. This research method uses a type of qualitative research. Data Collection Techniques using Interview Methods or interviews, observation, and documentation. Miles and Huberman's qualitative data analysis technique.
The Politics of Placards
Authors: der Weduwen Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the critical influence of the Dutch Revolt on the formation of the Dutch state and its political organisation. It discusses the communication strategies employed by the central Habsburg government in Brussels before and during the Dutch Revolt, and exposes the crisis of authority that enveloped the government in the 1570s, as the cities and provincial assemblies of the Low Countries asserted themselves politically. The role of printed placards and pamphlets comes to the fore for the first time in this chapter. While previous scholarship on the Dutch Revolt has always framed the communication battles of the Dutch Revolt as one of a hapless Habsburg government against shrewd rebel propagandists, this chapter demonstrates that the leading rebels were in fact imitating the Habsburg government in their use of proclamations and placards to advance their cause.
From Rebellion to Republic
Authors: der Weduwen Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter concentrates on the final stages of the Dutch Revolt (1581-1609), when the Dutch Republic became an independent state. It explores how the regents found themselves at the head of an unplanned republic, and how this gradual transformation was legitimised to foreign and domestic audiences. The chapter also deals with one of the great paradoxes of the Revolt: provinces that rose in revolt due to Habsburg demands for taxation, ended up taxing their own citizens far more in the name of republican freedom. The justification for this heavy tax burden, and the revolution of the manner in which it was collected, proved to be a delicate political process. The chapter addresses the basic principles of national and provincial state communication, focussing on the important role of the Statendrukkers (the printers to the States), most of whom were offered generous pay and privileges to move from the Habsburg Southern Netherlands to the north. Because of its need for administrative print, the regents of the Dutch Republic ended up transforming the book trade of the Low Countries, paving the way for the Netherlands to become the greatest centre of printing in the world.
Justifying the Law
Authors: der Weduwen Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The importance of urban communities was one of the most significant distinguishing features of Dutch politics in the seventeenth century. Individual cities exercised immense power over national and regional policy-making. Cities were also contentious spaces, which the ruling regents shared with thousands of inhabitants. This chapter explores how the regents of the Dutch cities embraced their roles as fathers of the community, inspired by classical republican values. It investigates the development of statute books, the rituals of civic political ceremonies and the important role of petitions in Dutch municipal politics. The chapter demonstrates that while the regents of the Dutch Republic considered themselves to belong to an elite band of rulers, they remained first and foremost members of a civic community, which carried as many burdens as they enjoyed privileges. The stability of the Dutch Republic rested on the public accountability and approachability of the regents. This chapter also focuses on the importance of petitions and proclamations as two principal modes of interaction between the authorities and their citizens.
The Public Struggles of True Freedom
Authors: der Weduwen Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter delves more deeply into the issue of public communication of ‘high politics’ by concentrating on the fraught politics surrounding the rise of the Dutch ‘True Freedom’ regime in the 1650s. It discusses the extent to which the authorities were willing to make use of ‘illicit’ means of communication, including the publication of anonymous pamphlets and the deliberate spread of misinformation. It also highlights the difficulties faced by the regents in legitimising a regime that excluded the Prince of Orange from power. Case studies include a discussion of Prince William II’s assault on Amsterdam, the defence of True Freedom by Johan de Witt, and the conflict concerning the alteration of official prayer form in the early 1660s. Reconstructing these political battles, it becomes clear that the authorities frequently invited a broad Dutch public to engage in political struggles, whenever they sensed that by doing so they could humiliate and triumph over their rivals.
State Communication and Catastrophe
Authors: der Weduwen Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter concentrates on the ‘Disaster Year’, 1672, when the Dutch Republic was almost destroyed by a multinational alliance led by France, and the political edifice of the state crumbled away entirely. The Grand Pensionary of Holland, Johan de Witt (a major figure in the previous two chapters) was brutally lynched by a mob of citizens in The Hague, leaving his adversary and sometime student, Prince William III of Orange, at the head of government. This chapter investigates how effective state communication collapsed and then recovered during the Disaster Year, how it was appropriated by the French and German military authorities in the occupied parts of the Netherlands, and how Prince William III became an adept manipulator of political information in the wake of the crisis.
The Toolkit: Syllables, Moras, Feet, and Words
Authors: Goering Nelson 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides the theoretical linguistic background of the book, introducing the prosodic hierarchy before examining those prosodic units most relevant to words and their internal structure. Special attention is given to the bimoraic trochee and issues relevant to foot structure, such as syllable weight and stress patterns. The typological grounding of these approaches is stressed, but contextualised within a cautious understanding of linguistic universals.
The Hēafudu-problem: Early Old English Foot Structure
Authors: Goering Nelson 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reassesses the phenomenon of high-vowel deletion in late prehistoric Old English, arguing that the high vowels *i and *u are retained when part of a bimoraic trochee, and are deleted otherwise. This explains why in the plural of the word hēafud ‘head’, the nominative-accusative shows no deletion in the oldest forms: (hēa)(fu-du) falls into two feet, each with exactly two moras. This contrasts with forms such as the dative plural hēafdum, which shows loss of the historical medial *u: in a prehistoric form such as *(hæu)-βu(-dum), the medial vowel could not be incorporated within a bimoraic foot. Apparent exceptions to this theory of high-vowel deletion in later Old English can be straightforwardly explained as motivated analogical restructurings. The chapter concludes with a preliminary description of early Old English foot structure.
Examining the forms and meaning of the Arusa dialect of the Maa verb expansions
Authors: Simon Chipanda 
Published: September 2023

The paper examines the form and meaning of the Arusa dialect of the Maa verb extensions. Verb expansion aspects in the Maa language are not interesting for scholars to study at all. It is this study that was interested in examining the Maa verb expansion. Case study design and qualitative approach were used in studying the Maa language. The unstructured interview was applied in data collection; thus, six informants of Arusa native speakers were used for data collection due to their competence in writing and speaking the Maa. The data were presented by using Leipzig Glossing Rules which constitute three levels namely: word order or parsing level, the literal translation, and the free translation level. The Cognitive Grammar and Morpheme-based morphology theories were tools used for data analysis. The study found that -in-, -i-, -e- are causative; -ta-, -to- reciprocal, -ki- applicative; -i- stative and -ki- passive allomorphs in Arusa. In view of these allomorphs -ki- and -i- are semantically cyclic in the sense that -ki- has dual meaning as in passive and applicative and -i- can be semantically stative or causative. Syntactically, both -ki- and -i- function as valency decreasing or increasing. For this fact Cognitive Grammar Theory exhausts these forms of complexity and those without cyclic as in -to-, -ta- and -e-, -in- are handled by morpheme-based theory as it accounts for the semantics of different verb exponents. In general, peculiarities in shapes, types, meanings, and categories of Arusa verbal morphs need a comparative study of Maa and other language families for theoretical harmonization.
“Anche l’Ungheria ebbe sulla scena il suo quarto d’ora di gloria”
Authors: Fried Ilona 
Published: September 2023

In the interwar years Hungarian prose and comedy enjoyed international fame. Ferenc Molnár was the leading playwright among internationally renowned Hungarian authors. My contribution tries to shed light on the reception of Ferenc Molnár in Italy by one of the greatest theater critics of the time, Silvio d’Amico. Molnár, whose novel The Paul Street Boys is still widely read in Italy, has been almost completely missing from the Italian stages in recent decades. Despite the negative opinion of Franco Quadri in 1996, partially quoted in the title of this article, it must be emphasized that in recent decades Molnár has been acknowledged by some theatergoers and international scholars as one of the most outstanding playwrights of the twentieth century. The article highlights the appreciation of Molnár’s dramaturgy: its great originality and its overcoming the limitations of the bourgeois comedy thanks to his exceptional sense of humor, the unexpected situations, and the brilliant dialogues that provide a glimpse into a particular cultural atmosphere of a modern society. Although Silvio d’Amico finds Molnár to be a really good playwright, he fails to understand his true stature.
PERAN GURU PAI DALAM PENGIMPLEMENTASIAN KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SD N 77 DESA TELADAN
Authors: Karliana Indrawari  , Intan Berlian  , Nadia Obella  , Novan Dwi Putra  , Rasmiyana  
Published: September 2023

Curriculum is a tool used to achieve educational goals used by schools dynamically and progressively. This study discusses the role of PAI teachers in implementing the Independent Curriculum at SDN 77 Teladan Village, this research includes using field research with a qualitative approach by observing existing data in the field using qualitative data analysis methods. In this research, the main data sources that were determined to obtain data according to the problems to be studied were: Principals of SDN 77 Teladan Village, and Islamic Religious Education Teachers. Meanwhile, secondary data sources or data that are indirectly obtained from documents or other people who provide data indirectly.
The results of the study showed that: The role of PAI teachers in implementing the Independent Curriculum at SDN 77 Teladan Village has not been carried out optimally. The role of the Islamic Religious Education teacher in the preparation and implementation of the evaluation has not been carried out properly. This was obtained from the answers of the informants who stated regarding the Role of the PAI Teacher in implementing the Independent Curriculum, the results obtained were that from preparation to evaluation it had been carried out in accordance with the Free Curriculum guidelines, but there were also obstacles in implementing the Independent Curriculum which were obtained by researchers from informants and observations, which being an obstacle for PAI Teachers in implementing the Independent Curriculum that one of the obstacles is the facilities and infrastructure that are still inadequate and the media provided by the school so that the teaching and learning process is carried out is still not optimal. As well as the need for an evaluation of the socialization of the independent curriculum so that the goals of the independent curriculum can be implemented even better.