bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis to Assess the Fitness Performance of Youth Football Players
Authors: Perroni Fabrizio , Castagna Carlo , Amatori Stefano , Gobbi Erica , Vetrano Mario , Visco Vincenzo , Guidetti Laura , Baldari Carlo , Rocchi Marco Bruno Luigi , Sisti Davide 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Perroni, F, Castagna, C, Amatori, S, Gobbi, E, Vetrano, M, Visco, V, Guidetti, L, Baldari, C, Luigi Rocchi, MB, and Sisti, D. Use of exploratory factor analysis to assess the fitness performance of youth football players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Football performance involves several physical abilities that range in aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular domains; however, little is known about their interplay in profiling individual physical attributes. This study aimed to profile physical performance in youth football players according to their training status. One hundred seven young male soccer players (age 13.5 ± 1.4 years; height 168 ± 7 cm; body mass 57.4 ± 9.6 kg; and body mass index 20.2 ± 2.1 kg·m−2) volunteered for this study. Players' physical performance was assessed with football-relevant field tests for sprinting (10 m sprint), vertical jump (countermovement jump), intermittent high-intensity endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, YYIRT1), and repeated sprint ability (RSA). The training status was assumed as testosterone and cortisol saliva concentrations; biological maturation was estimated using the Pubertal Development Scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed 3 main variables depicting anthropometric (D1, 24.9%), physical performance (D2, 18.8%), and training status (D3, 13.3%), accounting for 57.0% of total variance altogether. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The RSA and YYIRT1 performances were largely associated with D2, suggesting the relevance of endurance in youth football. This study revealed that for youth football players, a 3-component model should be considered to evaluate youth soccer players. The EFA approach may help to disclose interindividual differences useful to talent identification and selection.
Optimization of Tooth Support Geometrical Parameters for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Produced Overhang Parts
Authors: Gülcan Orhan , Günaydın Kadir , Çelik Alican , Yasa Evren 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, support structures are used to anchor a part to the base plate and to prevent the part from distortions and dimensional deviations due to high thermal gradients during manufacturing. Because the support structures do not contribute any value to the part and need to be removed after manufacturing with extra costs and time, different studies have focused on minimizing the use of such structures. However, it is almost impossible to totally eliminate the need for support structures, especially in very complex parts with different overhang surfaces. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the support structure geometry to reduce support volume and consequently costs and time. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tooth support geometrical parameters, namely tooth height, top length, base length, and base interval on the part’s dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, microhardness through thickness, and support volume used in overhangs produced by laser powder bed fusion AM technology from Inconel 718 material. The L9 Taguchi design method was used to reduce the number of experiments. The efficiency of the parameters was determined by analysis of variance. Analyses of signal-to-noise ratios were used to obtain the optimum support parameter combination. The study reveals that tooth height has the highest effect on support volume and dimensional accuracy. Tooth base length was found to be the most effective parameter on surface roughness and microhardness through thickness.
Piezoresistive Composites in Tension and Compression Using a Cantilevered Beam for Spot Testing and Tactile Sensing
Authors: Rogers Jeremy , Kovenburg Robert , James Charisma , Aksak Burak 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Piezoresistive soft composite materials exhibit a change in resistance when undergoing deformation. This combined with their optical, thermal, and mechanical properties makes these composites good candidates for force sensors. Tactile force sensors have long been studied for applications in healthcare, robot–human interactions, and displacement monitoring. The main goal in this work is to characterize a soft piezoresistive layer in both tension and compression to enable a model system for a piezoresistive tactile force sensor and a characterization platform. However, the mechanisms by which these composites exhibit piezoresistivity are complex and must be characterized before use not only in bulk but at the exact locations where contact is expected. In this paper, a cantilevered beam is proposed as a base-mounted force-sensing mechanism. This mechanism allows for characterization of the composites at multiple locations across the sample using a two-probe technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are mixed by weight with a soft polyurethane in 15, 16, and 17 wt. % concentrations. Because the elastic modulus of the piezoresistive layer is not known, indentation tests using Hertz theory and numerical calculations are used to simulate the effective elastic modulus and average strain. These results are then compared with the experimental stress results. In general, these tests show a greater sensitivity in tension than in compression. However, the difference lessens as the concentration increases. A linear fit is applied to the ΔR/R versus strain graphs to calculate the gauge factors. Each sensor exhibits a positive and negative gauge factor over two different ranges. ΔR/R versus strain graphs for tension and compression show gauge factors between −19 and 24 with the range decreasing with increasing MWCNT percentage.
Genetic Disruption of System xc-Mediated Glutamate Release from Astrocytes Increases Negative-Outcome Behaviors While Preserving Basic Brain Function in Rat
Authors: Hess Evan M. , Kassel Sara N. , Simandl Gregory , Raddatz Nicholas , Maunze Brian , Hurley Matthew M. , Grzybowski Michael , Klotz Jason , Geurts Aron , Liu Qing-Song , Choi SuJean , Twining Robert C. , Baker David A. 
Published: February 2023

The importance of neuronal glutamate to synaptic transmission throughout the brain illustrates the immense therapeutic potential and safety risks of targeting this system. Astrocytes also release glutamate, the clinical relevance of which is unknown as the range of brain functions reliant on signaling from these cells hasn't been fully established. Here, we investigated system xc- (Sxc), which is a glutamate release mechanism with anin vivorodent expression pattern that is restricted to astrocytes. As most animals do not express Sxc, we first compared the expression and sequence of the obligatory Sxc subunit xCT among major classes of vertebrate species. We found xCT to be ubiquitously expressed and under significant negative selective pressure. Hence, Sxc likely confers important advantages to vertebrate brain function that may promote biological fitness. Next, we assessed brain function in male genetically modified rats (MSxc) created to eliminate Sxc activity. Unlike other glutamatergic mechanisms, eliminating Sxc activity was not lethal and didn't alter growth patterns, telemetry measures of basic health, locomotor activity, or behaviors reliant on simple learning. However,MSxcrats exhibited deficits in tasks used to assess cognitive behavioral control. In a pavlovian conditioned approach,MSxcrats approached a food-predicted cue more frequently than WT rats, even when this response was punished. In attentional set shifting,MSxcrats displayed cognitive inflexibility because of an increased frequency of perseverative errors.MSxcrats also displayed heightened cocaine-primed drug seeking. Hence, a loss of Sxc-activity appears to weaken control over nonreinforced or negative-outcome behaviors without altering basic brain function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlutamate is essential to synaptic activity throughout the brain, which illustrates immense therapeutic potential and risk. Notably, glutamatergic mechanisms are expressed by most types of brain cells. Hence, glutamate likely encodes multiple forms of intercellular signaling. Here, we hypothesized that the selective manipulation of astrocyte to neuron signaling would alter cognition without producing widespread brain impairments. First, we eliminated activity of the astrocytic glutamate release mechanism, Sxc, in rat. This impaired cognitive flexibility and increased expression of perseverative, maladaptive behaviors. Notably, eliminating Sxc activity did not alter metrics of health or noncognitive brain function. These data add to recent evidence that the brain expresses cognition-specific molecular mechanisms that could lead to highly precise, safe medications for impaired cognition.
The birth of a giant: evolutionary insights into the origin of auxin responses in plants
Authors: Carrillo‐Carrasco Vanessa Polet , Hernandez‐Garcia Jorge , Mutte Sumanth K , Weijers Dolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe plant signaling molecule auxin is present in multiple kingdoms of life. Since its discovery, a century of research has been focused on its action as a phytohormone. In land plants, auxin regulates growth and development through transcriptional and non‐transcriptional programs. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are well understood, mainly in Arabidopsis. Recently, the availability of genomic and transcriptomic data of green lineages, together with phylogenetic inference, has provided the basis to reconstruct the evolutionary history of some components involved in auxin biology. In this review, we follow the evolutionary trajectory that allowed auxin to become the “giant” of plant biology by focusing on bryophytes and streptophyte algae. We consider auxin biosynthesis, transport, physiological, and molecular responses, as well as evidence supporting the role of auxin as a chemical messenger for communication within ecosystems. Finally, we emphasize that functional validation of predicted orthologs will shed light on the conserved properties of auxin biology among streptophytes.
Do we need a Hippocratic Oath for artificial intelligence scientists?
Authors: Siafakas Nikolaos M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has been beneficial for humanity, improving many human activities. However, there are now significant dangers that may increase when AI reaches a human level of intelligence or superintelligence. It is paramount to focus on ensuring that AI is designed in a manner that is robustly beneficial for humans. The ethics and personal responsibilities of AI scientists could play an important role in continuing the constructive use of AI in the future. Lessons can be learnt from the long and successful history of medical ethics. Therefore, a Hippocratic Oath for AI scientists may increase awareness of the potential lethal threats of AI, enhance efforts to develop safe and beneficial AI to prevent corrupt practices and manipulations and invigorate ethical codes. The Hippocratic Oath in medicine, using simple universal principles, is a basis of human ethics, and in an analogous way, the proposed oath for AI scientists could enhance morality beyond biological consciousness and spread ethics across the universe.
ÜNİVERSİTEDE EĞİTİM GÖREN Z KUŞAĞI GENÇLERİNİN SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI VE DUYGU DÜZENLEME BECERİLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÜSTDAĞ Duygu 
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışma üniversite öğrenimine devam eden Z kuşağı öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeylerinin ve duygu düzenleme becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının ortaya konulması, sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeyleri ile duygu düzenleme becerileri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak demografik soruların bulunduğu kişisel bilgi formu ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı puanlarının ve duygu düzenleme becerilerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin ve Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeğinin yer aldığı bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma İstanbul ilinde belirlenen üniversitelerde eğitim görmekte olan Z kuşağı öğrenci (N:513) katılımcılardan oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırma, üniversitede öğrenim gören Z kuşağı gençlerinin sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve duygusal düzenleme becerilerini incelemektedir. Araştırma konusu kapsamında toplanan veriler SPSS-25 istatistik programında kodlanarak analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler, tablolar halinde organize edilmiş ve bu bölümde rapor edilmiştir. Üniversitede öğrenim gören Z kuşağı gençlerinin demografik özelliklerine yönelik verilerin analizinde frekans ve yüzde hesaplamaları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve duygusal düzenleme becerileri demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmeden önce çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri referans alınarak normallik analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan kontrollerde verilerin normal dağılım varsayımını karşılaması sebebiyle parametrik analiz yöntemleri ile tercih edilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve duygusal düzenleme becerileri 2 gruplu değişkenlere göre incelenirken bağımsız gruplar t testi; 2’den daha fazla sayıda grup içeren değişkenlere göre incelenirken ise ANOVA analizi tercih edilmiştir. Ayrıca, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve duygusal düzenleme becerileri arasındaki ilişki pearson korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyal medya bağımlılıkları ile duygu düzenleme becerilerine ait toplam puan ve içsel işlevsel duygu düzenleme, içsel işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme, dışsal işlevsel duygu düzenleme ve dışsal işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır. Katılımcıların duygu düzenleme becerilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisine yönelik kurulan model anlamlı değildir. Bu kapsamda, araştırmanın bağımsız değişkenleri bir bütün olarak sosyal medya bağımlılığını yordamamaktadır ve duygu düzenleme becerilerine ait içsel işlevsel duygu düzenleme, içsel işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme, dışsal işlevsel duygu düzenleme ve dışsal işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme boyutlarının bağımsız olarak sosyal medya bağımlılığını etkilemediği belirlenmiştir.
Peningkatan kemampuan guru pendidikan jasmani dalam merancang permainan dan olahraga dalam situasi wabah corona (covid 19)
Authors: Muarifin Muarifin , Kurniawan Ari Wibowo , Heynoek Febrita Paulina , Kurniawan Rama 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru pendidikan jasmani dalam merancang permainan dan olahraga untuk pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode ceramah melalui aplikasi zoom/google meet, penugasan, pengukuran hasil, dan tindak lanjut hasil. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dari Pretest menunjukkan nilai persentase sebanyak 55,5% dan hasil analisis data Posttest menunjukkan nilai persentase sebanyak 77,2%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hasil dari pelatihan ini guru pendidikan jasmani, olahraga dan kesehatan terjadi perubahan setelah diberi pelatihan dalam merancang suatu permainan. Sehingga pengabdian ini efektif dan dapat mencapai tujuan yang telah diharapkan dalam kegiatan ini.
Edukasi tentang covid-19 serta sosialisasi pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh
Authors: Rissa Mexsi Mutia , Khuzaima Luthfita Labiba , Rahmanti Laila , Liawati Liawati , Handayani Lusy , Sholikhah Mafrukhatus , Damayanti Mesi 
Published: February 2023

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus corona. Pada manusia bisa menyebabkan infeksi saluran nafas. Kasus terkonfirmasi positif di Indonesia mencapai 1,1 juta orang dan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebanyak 22,585 orang. Tingginya kasus terkonfirmasi Covid-19 sehingga perlu upaya preventif guna meminimalisir penyebaran virus. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat dan penggunaan tanaman obat keluarga untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh ditengah pandemi covid-19. Sasarannya adalah masyarakat Desa Bangunharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul dengan metode sosialisasi kepada masyarakat secara bertahap yaitu, tahap pertama menyajikan penjelasan tentang materi Covid-19 serta cara mengolah tanaman obat keluarga agar bisa berkhasiat untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh secara daring melalui link zoom meeting dan secara langsung di YouTube. Tahap kedua, membuat media edukasi seperti poster yang dipasang dipapan informasi sebagai media sosialisasi dan edukasi pada masyarakat. Hasil dari kegiatan ini terdapat peningkatan pemahaman yang signifikan pada masyarakat tentang covid-19 dan penggunaan tanaman obat keluarga untuk meningkatkan imunitas.
Sosialisasi dan pendampingan penggunaan D’Volleyball Learning Application bagi guru pendidikan jasmani
Authors: Destriani Destriani , Yusfi Herri , Destriana Destriana , Aryanti Silvi , Pratama Reza Resah , Giartama Giartama , Zaimuddin Zaimuddin , Bayu Wahyu Indra , Asrul Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Pada masa pandemi dibutuhkan media pebelajaran yang dapat membatu guru PJOK dalam menyampaikan materi khusunya pada pembelajaran permainan bolavoli. Sosialisasi dan pendampingan ini memiliki tujuan untuk membantu pendidik dan peserta didik khususnya pada materi permainan bolavoli dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran selama pandemi Covid-19. Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam melakukan pembelajaran perlu diterapkan, salah satunya adalah penggunaan D’Volleyball Learning Application sebagai media dalam memberikan materi pembelajaran, terutama materi bolavoli. Pengabdian dilaksanakan secara daring menggunakan metode ceramah dan demontrasi. Mitra kegiatan ini yaitu kelompok Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) PJOK Kota Palembang, dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 60 guru. Hasil kegiatan ini sebesar 94,6% guru-guru dapat memahami tentang penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran bolavoli. Sosialisasi dan pendampingan penggunaan D’Volleyball Learning Application dilakukan selama tiga hari memberi dampak positif terhadap pengetahuan baru terhadap aplikasi pembelajaran bolavoli, yang dapat digunakan sebagai tambahan variasi dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran.
Peningkatan literasi vaksinasi sebagai solusi pencegahan covid-19
Authors: Alfaris Fadli Thoriq , Hasanah Eka Lutfiatul , Sari Leily Dita , Shaharany Aulia Windi , Fitria Irsya Gresyana , Ningtyias Farida Wahyu , Astuti Nur Fitri Widya , Sandra Christyana 
Published: February 2023

Pandemi COVID-19 telah mempengaruhi banyak aspek kehidupan manusia dalam satu tahun terakhir. Beberapa kebijakan telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah guna mengurangi kasus kejadian COVID-19 salah satunya pengadaan vaksinasi untuk seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun masih banyak masyarakat yang enggan melaksanakan vaksinasi seperti pada masyarakat RT 09 RW 03 Desa Tegalrejo Kecamatan Tempusari Kabupaten Lumajang. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini guna memberikan edukasi dan mematahkan perspektif negatif masyarakat di RT 09 RW 03 Desa Tegalrejo Kecamatan Tempusari Kabupaten Lumajang yang diikuti sebanyak 20 orang terkait kasus yang sudah ada setelah pelaksanaan vaksinasi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah melalui video call whatsapp pada hari Kamis, 12 Agustus 2021 dengan dibagi menjadi (3 ronde) yakni pada pukul (13.00 -13.45 WIB, 16.30-17.15 WIB, 18.00-18.45). Kegiatan dilanjutkan pada tanggal 15 Agustus 2021 dengan melakukan pemasangan poster dan banner. Untuk mengukur pengetahuan masyarakat telebih dahulu dilaksanakan pre test menggunakan google form dan diakhiri dengan post test. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi program terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait vaksinasi COVID-19 dengan presentase 93,5% dari yang sebelumnya tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat hanya sebesar 74%. Saran yang dapat diberikan dari penulis setelah mendapatkan edukasi maka sebaiknya melaksanakan vaksinasi sesuai dengan kebijakan yang ada guna membantu untuk mengurangi rantai penularan COVID-19.
Cerita bergambar “pakai masker yuk” sebagai edukasi anak usia dini di Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang
Authors: Ekawati Rany , Deniati Ema Novita , Hapsari Anindya , Harra Fina Adibatul Hasanah , Hakiki Nisa Assifa 
Published: February 2023

Covid-19 masih menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia. Kasus covid-19 di Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang menunjukkan jumlah kasus tertinggi. Salah satu pencegahan penularan covid-19 dengan melaksanakan protokol Kesehatan, salah satunya yaitu penggunaan masker. Covid-19 bisa menjangkit semua kelompok umur, termasuk anak usia dini. Anak usia dini menjadi rawan karena enggan menggunakan masker. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk mengedukasi anak PAUD dan TK di Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang menggunakan masker. Edukasi penggunaan masker menggunakan cerita bergambar dan video story telling yang berjudul “Pakai Masker Yuk”. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di PAUD dan TK yang berada di Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang sebanyak 31 sekolah. Pembagian cerita bergambar dan video story telling kepada anak didik dilakukan melalui guru kelas secara online. Cerita bergambar “Pakai Masker Yuk” terdiri dari 6 halaman dan video story telling berdurasi 1 menit 59 detik. Setelah mendapatkan cergam dan video story telling, guru dan anak didik memberikan feedback yang dibagikan melalui google form. Cergam dan video story telling mendapatkan tanggapan positif (54,8%), tanggapan cukup (38,7%), dan tanggapan kurang (6,5%) dari guru dan anak didik. Sebagian besar guru dan anak didik memberikan respon yang positif untuk cergam dan video story telling.
Pelatihan pengukuran antropometri balita pada kader dalam rangka pencegahan dini stunting di Posyandu Mawar
Authors: Putri Paramytha Magdalena Sukarno , Humairo Mika Vernicia , Romadlona Nohan Arum , Puspitaningtyas Dian , Zarreta Adelia Marsha , Saputri Lorenza Arinda , Nisahika Gimida , Pahlevi Reza 
Published: February 2023

Pos pelayanan terpadu (Posyandu) merupakan kegiatan yang melibatkan masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan sebagai wujud pelayanan kesehatan dengan menggerakkan Kader. Salah satu kegiatan yang berjalan di Posyandu Mawar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Polowijen adalah posyandu balita. Pada tahun 2021, tercatat 12 anak kategori stunting yang mana setelah dilakukan pengecekan ulang hanya ada 3 balita yang termasuk dalam kategori stunting. Sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bagi kader dalam pengukuran antropometri agar tidak ada salah pengukuran dan pencatatan. Metode pelaksanaan menggunakan metode strategi perencanaan dan evaluasi program berdasarkan pada akar penyebab masalah. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat diperoleh adanya peningkatan pengetahuan kader sebelum dan setelah melakukan pengukuran antropometri sebesar 11,0 menjadi 11,3. Dari kegiatan ini diharapkan adanya pemantauan berkala dan berkelanjutan terkait pengukuran antropometri pada kader dengan dalam rangka penncegahan dini stunting pada balita.
Pelatihan komunikasi asertif bagi pelatih cabang olahraga beladiri di Kota Malang untuk persiapan Porprov 2022
Authors: Fadhli Nurrul Riyadh , Fatanti Megasari Noer , Yudasmara Dona Sandy , Taufik Taufik , Kharisma Forencia Syamsya , Ludyana Elok , I’tamada Eldiene Zaura , Lestari Ayu Dwi 
Published: February 2023

Pengabdian ini untuk mengidentifikasi para pelatih tentang pentingnya membangun komunikasi yang dapat diterima oleh atlet dalam proses latihan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu ceramah, penugasan, dan pengukuran hasil. Program ini akan dikemas dalam bentuk workshop dan coaching clininc. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 45 pelatih cabang olahraga beladiri di Kota Malang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dari Pretest menunjukkan nilai persentase sebanyak 55,56 dan hasil analisis data Posttest menunjukkan nilai persentase sebanyak 87,22. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hasil dari pengabdian terhadap pelatih beladiri terjadi perubahan setelah diberi pelatihan. Sehingga pengabdian ini efektif dan dapat mencapai tujuan yang telah diharapkan dalam kegiatan ini.