bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Engaging Individuals & Societies for Structural Evolution: A Brain Health Equity Neuropsychology Research Framework
Authors: Díaz-Santos Mirella , González David Andrés , Henry Samantha K , Vuong Kevin Dat , Strutt Adriana Macias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveA brain health equity neuropsychology research framework (NRF) is crucial to the anti-racist movement in cognitive assessments. Universalist interpretation of neuropsychological tools contributes to systemic disparities, and there is a need for a clear conceptual framework for disentangling the direct and indirect impact of social determinants of health (SDH) on brain-behavior relationships and neuropsychological performance. The aim of this paper is to present a NRF anchored in the principles of brain health and health equity that is inclusive, and can be implemented across racially and ethnically diverse communities.MethodsThe Re-engaging Individuals and societies for Structural Evolution (RISE) NRF aims to address this via a two-pronged approach: 1. Focusing on community engagement and recruitment and retention of individuals and societies typically not equitably represented in brain health studies, and 2. Integrating the conceptual structure of individual, community, and SDH, while considering the broader historical and current structures that differentially shape these.ResultsThe proposed RISE NRF is dynamic and multidirectional. It identifies barriers and proposes strategies to engage communities and diversify recruitment. It identifies evidence-based guidance on non-cognitive determinants of health to include, consider or explore in brain health research.ConclusionThe RISE NRF can guide the development of culturally and linguistically responsive methodologies and assist with clearly conceptualized and contextualized interpretation of neuropsychological tools to foment a transformative science that benefits the brain health of marginalized communities.
Developing a Culturally Competent Neuropsychological Battery for Diagnosis of Dementia in Arabic-Speaking Patients in the United States
Authors: Stinson Jennifer M , Armendariz Victoria , Hegazy Mohamed Ibrahim Raslan , Strutt Adriana M , McCauley Stephen R , York Michele K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
In adherence to the American Educational Research Association (AERA) guidelines on culturally informed testing practices, this paper aims to review a suggested battery of tests that is linguistically and culturally appropriate for Arabic-speaking patients and to inform the reader of the varied characteristics of the Arab world to aid in providing a culturally informed neuropsychological evaluation.

Method
Test instruments in Arabic were identified through systematic searches of PubMed and Google Scholar, U.S.-based website searches in Arabic and French, and in consultation with Arabic-speaking cultural brokers.

Results
A battery assessing cognitive domains and mood was assembled using core measures that were developed using appropriate translations, cultural adaptations, and include normative data of Arabic-speaking individuals. Supplemental measures that can be administered using translated instructions and English normative data are also identified. The rationale for test selection and clinical utility, including strengths and limitations of the proposed measures is presented.

Conclusions
Given the large number of Arab Americans residing in the United States combined with the dearth of Arabic speaking neuropsychologists, it is essential that non-Arabic speaking neuropsychologists educate themselves regarding culturally informed practices to better service this growing community.
I—The Presidential Address
Authors: McCabe Mary Margaret 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe neglected Platonic dialogue Euthydemus is peculiar in many ways. It is, apparently, an extensive catalogue of bad arguments by disgraceful sophists; but its complex composition suggests that this focuses attention on the shape and nature of argument—attention that some think Plato is incapable of giving. He uses the idiom of games, and of seriousness and play, to provoke reflection on logical and syntactic structure and their normative features; but to see how he does so we need to consider the complex background of the fiction of a Platonic dialogue, and its use of surprise and humour. Comparison with the bbc Radio 4 game ‘Mornington Crescent’ might help.
IV—Lost in (Modal) Space: Demographic Base-Rate Neglect in the Service of Modal Knowledge
Authors: Munton Jessie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAre there ever good epistemic reasons to neglect base rates? Assuming an empiricist modal epistemology, I argue that we face an interesting tension between some very plausible epistemic norms: a norm requiring us to proportion our beliefs to the evidence may facilitate knowledge of the actual world, whilst inhibiting our acquisition of modal knowledge—knowledge of how things could be, but are not. The potential for this tension in our epistemic norms is a significant result in its own right. It can also rationalize certain forms of demographic base-rate neglect.
Determination of Cations and Anions in Desulfurization Waste Water of Coal-Fired Power Plant by Ion Chromatography
Authors: Liu Congyun , Kong Deting , Zhao Shuai , Jiang Zhihui , Cheng Zihong , Li Yonglong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The reliable and accurate determination of corrosive anions at sub- to low-μg/L levels is a challenging analytical problem. In this manuscript, a simultaneous determination method of cations and anions in power plant water samples was established by large volume injection ion chromatography. The analytical parameters including separation column, the suppressor current and the elute concentration were optimized. Results showed good separation under the optimum conditions, and the calibration curves of all analytes were linear with good coefficient of determination (r2) &gt;0.997, and the mean recoveries for all analytes ranged from 75.62 to 118.58% with RSD of 0.07–4.83%. The established method was successfully applied to determine the cations and anions in realwaste water samples from coal-fired power, and was verified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and electrometric titration. The relative deviation between methods was all below 6.72%, which indicated good accuracy of the established ion chromatography method. The results could also provide reference for the precise and rapid detection of cations and anions in environmental water samples.
Much ado about artificial intelligence or: the automation of contract formation
Authors: Mik Eliza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Every day, millions of decisions are made based on information provided by computers and millions of transactions are concluded automatically, by means or with the assistance of computer programs. Computers can accept payment and dispense products. Computers can also calculate the optimal price and predict the demand for the product. Technology enables us to automate a wide range of tasks involved in the process of forming contracts. Contrary to popular belief, such novel transacting practices are easily accommodated by existing legal principles, at least when it comes to the common law of contract. The latter is technology neutral and generally disregards the manner the parties’ statements come into existence. Considerable uncertainty would result if the statements we see on our computer screens could be disavowed on the basis that they were the product of mindless computer operations. This article contends that legal analyses must start with the law, not with overdramatized descriptions of technology or the assumption that contract law cannot accommodate such.
Minimal Gevrey Regularity for Hörmander Operators
Authors: Bove Antonio , Mughetti Marco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We prove a minimal Gevrey regularity theorem for Hörmander’s sum of squares type operators ( 1.1), improving the result of Derridj and Zuily [ 10]. The Gevrey index given here is optimal, in the sense that there are operators of this type that just attain that regularity and not any better.
The Sword and the Shield: The Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages in the EU
Authors: Ratti Luca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article contextualises the adoption of the Directive 2022/2041 (EU) on adequate minimum wages. The analysis considers wage adequacy, collective bargaining coverage, and the combat of in-work poverty as the main pillars on which the directive is built. The aim is to show the potential and limits of the directive’s approach to wage regulation, in the light of the stringent limits on EU competence deriving from EU treaties.
Natural Killer Cell-Derived Interferon-γ Regulates Macrophage-Mediated Immunopathology During Viral Infection
Authors: Feng Emily , Monteiro Jonathan K , Portillo Ana L , Balint Elizabeth , Ashkar Ali A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Regulation of immune responses during viral infection is critical to preventing the development immunopathology that impairs host survival. Natural killer (NK) cells are well known for their antiviral functions that promote viral clearance; however, their roles in limiting immune-mediated pathology are still unclear. Using a mouse model for genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, we find that NK cell-derived interferon-γ directly counteracts interleukin-6-mediated matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) activity in macrophages to limit MMP-mediated tissue damage. Our findings uncover a key immunoregulatory function of NK cells during host-pathogen interactions that highlight the potential of NK cell therapy for treatment of severe viral infections.
Activism and International Thought: The Women's International League of Peace and Freedom and the Problem of Statelessness in the Interwar Period
Authors: Cochran Molly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) as an important site of women's international theorizing on the normative problem of statelessness in the League of Nations era. The problem of statelessness covered several issues connected with the loss of nationality, a new condition of human vulnerability associated with the dissolution of four empires after World War I. It opened up a series of questions about the Versailles system, where the ethical value of sovereignty was assumed, rather than examined for its consequences for individuals. WILPF developed programs of political and epistemic activity on global and local fronts that explored what it might mean to approach the statelessness question in terms of a transnational public interest, as opposed to the state interest privileged by the Versailles order. The article argues that WILPF's international thought is distinctive for the symbiotic relationship that exists between WILPF women's transnational activism and their theoretical conceptualization of the international. This is illustrated through an analysis of Jane Addams's thought, which provides a crucial link between late-nineteenth-century American pragmatism and the early twentieth-century progressive internationalism exemplified by WILPF. WILPF's interwar advocacy on the statelessness question shows how knowledge production and theory building were done in ways that are quite different to the mainstream neo-positivist idea of theory today, and which need to be included as part of our historical understanding of the origins of the twentieth-century field of international relations.
The efficacy of systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress in erectile dysfunction through multi-inflammatory index: a prospective cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Taskiran Mehmet , Dogan Kazim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammation and oxidative stress increase the possibility of erectile dysfunction (ED) through a coordinated response to vascular endothelial damage.AimThe study aimed to evaluate the status of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in ED.MethodsThe analysis was a prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study. The study included non-ED (n = 54) and ED (n = 104) groups. The study analyzed demographics, clinical outputs, oxidative stress (total antioxidant status [TAS], total oxidant status [TOS], oxidative stress index [OSI]), and an inflammatory condition (multi-inflammatory index 1 [MII-1], MII-2).OutcomesOxidative stress and systemic inflammation were evaluated together in ED, which was evaluated with the help of the International Erectile Function Index (IIEF) scale.ResultsTAS significantly decreased in the ED group compared with the non-ED group (2.25 ± 0.83 mmol Trolox equivalents/L vs 1.45 ± 0.65 mmol Trolox equivalents/L; P = .001). TOS increased in the ED group (14.1 ± 6.2 μmol H2O2 equivalents/L) compared with non-ED group (11.05 ± 6.8 μmol H2O2 equivalents/L) (P = .002). OSI was as low as 0.74 ± 0.33 in the non-ED group and as high as 2.38 ± 0.85 in the ED group (P = .001). Both MII-1 (273 ± 398 vs 745 ± 1311; P = .012) and MII-2 (4.66 ± 5.02 vs 19.7 ± 29.4; P = .031) increased in the ED group compared with the non-ED group. IIEF was negatively correlated with MII-1 (r = −0.298; P = .009), MII-2 (r = −0.341; P = .006), and OSI (r = −0.387; P &lt; .0001), while TAS had a strong positive correlation with the IIEF (r = 0.549; P = .0001). OSI was correlated with MII-1 (r = 0.304; P = .001) and MII-2 (r = 0.334; P = .001). OSI was the strongest parameter in predicting ED (P = .0001; area under the curve, 0.795; 95% confidence interval, 0.696-0.855). The cutoff was 0.71 at 80.5% sensitivity and 67.2% specificity.Clinical ImplicationsOSI showed diagnostic potential for ED as an oxidative stress indicator, while MII-1 and MII-2 showed the effectiveness.Strengths and LimitationsMIIs, a novel indicator of systemic inflammatory condition, were analyzed for the first time in patients with ED. The long-term diagnostic efficacy of these indices was lacking, as all patient data did not include long-term follow-up.ConclusionConsidering their low cost and easy applicability compared with OSI, MIIs could be essential parameters in the follow-up for ED for physicians.
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
Authors: Conway Christopher C. , Anderson Grace N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The categorical model of mental disorder is out of sync with a large body of scientific evidence. There is growing support for quantitative approaches to diagnosing psychopathology that are rooted in empirical research on the natural patterns of co-occurrence among mental health problems. The authors describe the development of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), which synthesizes decades of empirical research on the structure of mental disorders in an evolving model. The HiTOP model breaks apart mental disorders into a set of dimensions that range from narrow (e.g., anhedonia, verbal aggression) to broad (e.g., internalizing, antagonistic externalizing) in scope. Beyond its descriptive function, the model offers a new framework for psychopathology research on topics ranging from genetics and neurobiology to personality and culture. It also paves the way to novel clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention programs oriented around dimensional constructs. Continued empirical evaluation of the HiTOP model’s utility will determine the extent to which it can compete with traditional classification rubrics as a guide for psychopathology diagnosis, research, and treatment.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Abramowitz Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most distressing and functionally impairing of psychological problems. This chapter describes the phenomenology of obsessions and compulsions, which are highly heterogeneous. Themes of obsessions may include contamination, aggression and violence, mistakes, sex, morality, blasphemy, and the need for order and symmetry. Compulsive rituals may take the form of excessive washing and cleaning, checking, seeking reassurance, and ordering and arranging, as well as mental maneuvers aimed at suppressing obsessional thoughts or excessive self-reassurance. The chapter also discusses the nature of so-called obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRDs), a collection of conditions involving repetitive behaviors that, according to some, overlap with OCD. The OCRDs include hoarding disorder, hair-pulling and skin-picking disorders, and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The major theoretical approaches to understanding OCD and the OCRDs are reviewed and then critically evaluated. The chapter also provides an evaluation of the basis for grouping OCD along with the putative OCRDs.
Mania and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Gruber June , Cosgrove Victoria , Dodd Alyson , Dutra Sunny J. , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Ibonie Stevi G. , Kahawage Piyumi Nimna , Meyer Thomas D. , Murray Greg , Nusslock Robin , Stanton Kasey , Villanueva Cynthia M. , Youngstrom Eric A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mania and bipolar spectrum disorders (or BSDs) are serious and recurrent psychological disorders with significant occupational, social, and mortality costs. BSDs are characterized by episodic and prolonged mood episodes that range between abnormally and persistently elevated mood phases (mania) and frequently periods of dysphoria mood (depression). This first part of this chapter aims to provide an overview of the phenomenology and assessment of BSDs, review associated psychobiological processes across cognitive, affective, neural, and circadian rhythm dimensions, and consider the influence of context and social environment on BSDs. The second part of this chapter synthesizes empirically supported interventions to prevent and treat BSDs and highlights future directions that focus on increasing diversity and representation of marginalized communities and addressing stigma about BSDs and related psychiatric disorders.
Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Sher Kenneth J. , Conlin W. E. , Pihl R. O. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUDs) represent major public health and clinical problems and have their roots in diverse domains in culture, the near social environment, and individual differences. Consequently, understanding both SU and SUD requires a multidisciplinary perspective that bridges diverse areas of scientific inquiry. This chapter provides a broad overview of the relevant literatures ranging from the evolutionary bases for the consumption of psychoactive substances to the effects of contemporary social factors, psychological processes involved in the seeking of substances and the transition to addiction, genetic predisposition to SU and SUD, and the neuropharmacological processes undergirding drug reinforcement and the development of substance dependence. Multiple competing theories of SUDs are considered, and a general framework for integrating diverse addiction-related mechanisms is proposed. It is hoped that adopting an evidence-based, mechanism-focused approach to understanding SUDs will lead to improved approaches to developing effective preventive and treatment interventions.
Schizophrenia: Presentation, Affect and Cognition, Pathophysiology and Etiology
Authors: MacDonald Angus , Demro Caroline 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of several disruptive psychotic disorders characterized by a broad mix of symptoms such as perceptual anomalies like hallucinations, thought distortions like delusions, disorganized speech and behaviors, and various negative symptoms such as muted expressiveness. The illness affects approximately 1% of the population. It usually begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and causes significant difficulties in cognition and affect at work, in social relationships, and in self-care. Its course varies across individuals, with many patients’ symptoms responding to medicine. There are many theories of the disorder’s pathophysiology, with several mechanisms invoked to account for evidence ranging from impaired performance on neuropsychological tests to brain structure, function, and neurotransmitter alterations such as in the dopamine, glutamate, and GABA systems. The etiology of schizophrenia is complex, with both genetic and environmental risk factors. While there exist other psychotic syndromes with a number of similarities, schizophrenia can be understood as a severe, persistent, and debilitating mental illness that still requires a more thorough investigation of its causal mechanisms to improve patients’ lives.
Paranoia and Paranoid Beliefs
Authors: Bentall Richard P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Paranoia has at various times been considered a symptom of psychosis, a distinct disorder, a type of personality disorder, and a personality trait. However defined, the core features are interpersonal vulnerability, mistrust, and the anticipation of harm from malevolent others which, in its most severe form, can be considered delusional. There have been persisting debates about whether delusional paranoia reflects a qualitatively distinct mental state, as indicated by some phenomenological studies, or lies on a continuum with ordinary suspiciousness. Little is known about the genetics of paranoia, but there is substantial evidence that it is associated with specific social challenges such as disrupted early attachment relationships, living in deprived circumstances, and experiences of victimization. Considerable progress has also been made in developing psychological models which identify the cognitive (jumping to conclusions and bias against disconfirmatory information) and emotional factors (low self-esteem and insecure attachment styles) that contribute to paranoid beliefs.
The DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale
Authors: Zimmermann Johannes , Hopwood Christopher J. , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dimensional models are becoming increasingly important in the classification of personality disorders. A central concept of this paradigm shift is the notion of a continuum of personality functioning ranging from a healthy to an extremely disturbed personality. In the alternative model for personality disorders in DSM-5 Section III, this concept corresponds to Criterion A, which is operationalized by the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS). In the first part of this chapter, the authors explain why and how the LPFS was developed and what measures are available that are based on its definition. They then provide an updated comprehensive summary of research on the LPFS and derived measures, including results on interrater reliability, internal consistency and latent structure, convergent validity, discriminant and incremental validity, and clinical utility. Finally, controversies and open questions are discussed.
Borderline Personality Disorder: Contemporary Approaches to Conceptualization and Etiology
Authors: Trull Timothy J. , Hepp Johanna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the general features and correlates of one of the more vexing and challenging forms of psychopathology, borderline personality disorder (BPD). After presenting a historical overview of this disorder, the clinical features of modern conceptualizations of BPD are detailed. Next, the comorbidity of BPD with other disorders is discussed, and the sociodemographic features associated with BPD are outlined. The section on etiology focuses primarily on putative genetic causes of BPD given the increased interest in this area of study. This focus leads to several important questions and issues about how best to define the BPD phenotype. The chapter closes with a discussion of the future of the BPD diagnosis. At the outset, it is also important to note what is not discussed in this chapter: treatments for BPD and assessment of BPD. The interested reader is referred to several excellent reviews of evidence-based treatments and assessments for BPD.