bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Oligosaccharides from Pine Nut Shells by Autohydrolysis
Authors: Torrado Ivone , Dionísio Ana , Fernandes Maria C. , Roseiro Luísa Bivar , Carvalheiro Florbela , Pereira Helena , Duarte Luís C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPinus pinea nuts are commercial relevant Mediterranean edible forest nuts, with an increasing production and market value, whose industrial processing yields a lignocellulosic by-product, the pine nut shells, currently only used for combustion. Little research has been done on pine nut shells that could support a value-added application for this residue. This work studies for the first time the production of oligosaccharides by autohydrosis, and aims at an integrated upgrade within the biorefinery framework. Autohydrolysis was explored in the temperature range between 150 and 230 °C (corresponding to severity factors 2.13–4.63). Oligosaccharides, mainly xylo-oligosaccharides (95% of the total), were the key soluble products, reaching 28.7 g/100 g of xylan of the feedstock at the optimal conditions (log R0 4.01). Other products were monosaccharides and phenolic compounds that reached 7.8 and 4.7 g/L, respectively, under the most severe conditions. The stability of the oligosaccharides at different temperatures (room, 37 °C and 100 °C) and pH (between 1 and 11) grant them significant market potential in the food and pharma sectors. The pre-treated pine nut shells by autohydrolysis presented an improved, although low, enzymatic digestibility (14%), and an improved high-heating value, therefore advising their further valorization by thermochemical pathways.
Evaluating the Arteriotomy Size of a New Sutureless Coronary Anastomosis Using a Finite Volume Approach
Authors: Crielaard Hanneke , Hoogewerf Marieke , van Putte Bart P. , van de Vosse Frans N. , Vlachojannis Georgios J. , Stecher David , Stijnen Marco , Doevendans Pieter A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The ELANA® Heart Bypass creates a standardized sutureless anastomosis. Hereby, we investigate the influence of arteriotomy and graft size on coronary hemodynamics.

Methods
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed. Arteriotomy size (standard 1.43 mm2; varied 0.94 – 3.6 mm2) and graft diameter (standard 2.5 mm; varied 1.5 – 5.0 mm) were independent parameters. Outcome parameters were coronary pressure and flow, and fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Results
The current size ELANA (arteriotomy 1.43 mm2) presented an estimated FFR 0.65 (39 mL/min). Enlarging arteriotomy increased FFR, coronary pressure, and flow. All reached a maximum once the arteriotomy (2.80 mm2) surpassed the coronary cross-sectional area (2.69 mm2, i.e. 1.85 mm diameter), presenting an estimated FFR 0.75 (46 mL/min). Increasing graft diameter was positively related to FFR, coronary pressure, and flow.

Conclusion
The ratio between the required minimal coronary diameter for application and the ELANA arteriotomy size effectuates a pressure drop that could be clinically relevant. Additional research and eventual lengthening of the anastomosis is advised.

Graphical abstract
Estimation of hike events and temporal parameters with body-attached sensors
Authors: Sanseverino Giuseppe , Krumm Dominik , Kilian Wolfgang , Odenwald Stephan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe analysis of human gait is of fundamental importance for the monitoring and enhancement of athletes’ performances. The kinematics and kinetics of human gait are mostly investigated with optical motion capture systems and force plates that require specialised laboratories and limit the possible test conditions. On the contrary, body-attached sensor networks provide an opportunity for long-term acquisitions in unsupervised, naturalistic scenarios. In this study, a wearable sensor network consisting of two wireless dataloggers and two instrumented insoles with eight pressure sensors each is used. Custom algorithms for the automatic detection of hike events and the estimation of the related temporal parameters based on sensors data are presented. The proposed algorithms were tested against laboratory measurements performed on an instrumented treadmill and showed relative errors of less than 2.5% in the estimation of stride time, step time and cadence. Higher relative errors were found in the estimation of stance and swing phases. The developed algorithms were also applied in a field study. In this paper data from one subject are considered. The aim of this research work is to provide an effective sensor-based methodology for the evaluation of gait parameters in naturalistic settings.
Dermal Regeneration Template: Reconstruction in Oral Cancer Defects
Authors: Mangini Nicolò , Galvano Francesca , Pucci Resi , Battisti Andrea , Cassoni Andrea , Valentini Valentino 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Post ablative oral mucosal defect resulting from the removal of tumors can be treated with various techniques.

Purpose
In this paper, we are showing what, in our experience, are the advantages and disadvantages given using biosynthetic skin substitutes when dealing with this kind of lesions.

Materials and methods
Patients included in the sample came to our attention with both neoplastic lesions (11 subjects) and important scar retraction after previous oncologic surgery (1 subject). All patients underwent trans-oral resection surgery following the same surgical protocol and post ablative oral mucosal defect were treated using the dermal regeneration template. The surgical defect location, size, and time of removal of the silicone layer varied from one subject to the other.

Results
Most patients showed good healing with reduced scarring and adequate remucosalisation of the defect. The main complications were shown in a palatal lesion treated with concomitant osteal resection, which developed an oroantral fistula at follow up, and tongue lesions which showed some scarring.

Conclusions
Given our experience, we would advise using dermal substitutes when reconstructing oral defects only after a cautious evaluation of the area of the lesion, the gap size, the possible adherence of the membrane to the gap, and the presence of tissue supporting the overlying membrane.
Efficiency of Non-profit Organisations: a DEA Analysis in Support of Strategic Decision-Making
Authors: Miragaia Dina A. M. , Ferreira João J. M. , Vieira Cédric T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study aims to analyse the efficiency of sports clubs belonging to the Academic Federation of University Sports and the influence the organisational structure holds over their performance standards. First, we included 92 clubs that registered points in the University Club. The analysis was carried out using the two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology to analyse their efficiency. Second, we analysed how strategy, stakeholder relations and funding issues influence organisational efficiency, through a semi-structured interview with the dually efficient club manager. The results show the relevance of analysing the efficiency of these non-profit and public sport organisations.
Deformations and moduli of irregular canonical covers with $$K^2=4p_g-8$$
Authors: Bangere Purnaprajna , Gallego Francisco Javier , Mukherjee Jayan , Raychaudhury Debaditya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study the moduli of irregular surfaces of general type with at worst canonical singularities satisfying $$K^2 = 4p_g-8$$

K
2

=
4

p
g

-
8

, for any even integer $$p_g\ge 4$$

p
g

≥
4

. These surfaces also have unbounded irregularity q. We carry out our study by investigating the deformations of the canonical morphism $$\varphi :X\rightarrow {\mathbb {P}}^N$$

φ
:
X
→

P

N

, where $$\varphi $$
φ
is a quadruple Galois cover of a smooth surface of minimal degree. These canonical covers are classified in Gallego and Purnaprajna (Trans Am Math Soc 360(10):5489-5507, 2008) into four distinct families, one of which is the easy case of a product of curves. The main objective of this article is to study the deformations of the other three, non trivial, unbounded families. We show that any deformation of $$\varphi $$
φ
factors through a double cover of a ruled surface and, hence, is never birational. More interestingly, we prove that, with two exceptions, a general deformation of $$\varphi $$
φ
is two-to-one onto its image, whose normalization is a ruled surface of appropriate irregularity. We also show that, with the exception of one family, the deformations of X are unobstructed even though $$H^2(T_X)$$

H
2

(

T
X

)

does not vanish. Consequently, X belongs to a unique irreducible component of the Gieseker moduli space. These irreducible components are uniruled. As a result of all this, we show the existence of infinitely many moduli spaces, satisfying the strict Beauville inequality $$p_g > 2q-4$$

p
g

>
2
q
-
4

, with an irreducible component that has a proper "quadruple" sublocus where the degree of the canonical morphism jumps up. These components are above the Castelnuovo line, but nonetheless parametrize surfaces with non birational canonical morphisms. The existence of jumping subloci is a contrast with the moduli of surfaces with $$K^2 = 2p_g- 4$$

K
2

=
2

p
g

-
4

, studied by Horikawa. Irreducible moduli components with a jumping sublocus also present a similarity and a difference to the moduli of curves of genus $$g\ge 3$$

g
≥
3

, for, like in the case of curves, the degree of the canonical morphism goes down outside a closed sublocus but, unlike in the case of curves, it is never birational. Finally, our study shows that there are infinitely many moduli spaces with an irreducible component whose general elements have non birational canonical morphism and another irreducible component whose general elements have birational canonical map.
Temperature elevation of aircraft tyre surface at touchdown with pre-rotations
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Weiji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe runway and landing gear speed difference causes non-negligible friction at touchdown, generating vital heat to raise the tyre tread temperature. The resulting material decomposition reduces tread thickness and significantly impacts flight safety and the environment. Airline operators also need to pay the cost of frequent tyre replacement. The pre-rotation strategy has been proposed to prevent high-speed friction at touchdown. Therefore, a mathematical algorithm is established on MATLAB to simulate the tyre friction and heat generation with various pre-rotation levels. The algorithm is validated by experiments, and a transient thermos-mechanical analysis on ANSYS is used as a reference. The presenting work is one of the few that uses theoretical modelling to simulate tyre heat generation. The formulas presented therein, including Laplace's equation, make the results reliable and traceable. It can be seen that the developed algorithm is capable of calculating the tyre temperature. The pre-rotation can efficiently reduce the friction strength at touchdown. However, when the pre-rotation speed is relatively low, a slight increase in maximum tyre temperature may occur, and the specific reasons for this will be in the discussion.
Rheology assessment and barite sag in a typical North Sea oil-based drilling fluid at HPHT conditions
Authors: Ofei Titus Ntow , Ngouamba Elie , Opedal Nils , Lund Bjørnar , Saasen Arild 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of barite sag in drilling fluids has relatively often been the cause for gas kicks in oilwell drilling. The subsequent absorption of gas into drilling fluid could lower the density and reduce the viscosity of the drilling fluid, thereby aggravating both pressure control and hole cleaning. In this paper, we present experimental measurements of rheological properties and barite sag in a typical North Sea oil-based drilling fluid at downhole pressure and temperature conditions. A new experimental apparatus was setup for barite sag measurements at static condition with operational temperature and pressure capabilities up to 200 °C (392°F) and 1000 bar (14,503.8 psi), respectively. Rheometry measurements were conducted on fluid samples with and without barite particles at operating conditions up to 90 °C and 100 bar. We observed that at a typical shear rate of 250 s−1, which is experienced in 8.5″ hole annulus, the viscosity of fluid sample with barite increased nearly three times as that of the fluid sample without barite as the temperature and pressure increased. However, temperature effect on viscosity dominates at high shear rates compared to pressure effect. Furthermore, the fluid samples showed more shear-thinning effect with increasing yield stress as the temperature increased. On the other hand, barite sag measurements revealed that whereas fluid samples under high pressure are less prone to sag, high temperature fluid samples, however, promote sag significantly. The data from this study are useful to validate extrapolations used in computational models and to improve understanding and operational safety of sag phenomena at downhole conditions. We also discuss the importance of this study in optimizing drilling operations.
Prototype design and modeling of active-loaded differential amplifier using Double-Gate MOSFET
Authors: Pillay Suvashan , Srivastava Viranjay M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This research work designs a prototype of an active-loaded differential amplifier using Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs. The following text outlines the prototype design with testing in developing the conceptual understanding of the differential amplifier and its design requirement. This designed model uses mathematical models while assessing possible limitations of the amplifier and the DG MOSFET. The designed amplifier exhibits a differential gain of 4 V/V, with a bandwidth of 1 MHz. The common-mode output and gain values were tested, along with the resultant CMRR to assess the overall performance of the differential amplifier designed.

Article Highlights

An active-loaded differential amplifier using Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs has been designed using hardware circuits.

The designed amplifier exhibits a differential gain of 4 V/V, with a bandwidth of 1 MHz.

The common-mode output and gain values have been tested, along with the resultant CMRR to assess the overall performance of the designed differential amplifier.
Zur Debatte über die Einhegung eines Cyberwars: Analyse militärischer Cyberaktivitäten im Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine
Authors: Reinhold Thomas , Reuter Christian 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Überfall Russlands auf die Ukraine und der sich anschließende Krieg haben neben vielen anderen sicherheitspolitischen Gewissheiten auch zum ersten Mal die Rolle des Cyberspace in einem offenen Angriffskrieg demonstriert und bedenkenswerte Entwicklungen offenbart. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die militärischen Aktivitäten im Cyberspace im Rahmen des Krieges Russlands gegen die Ukraine auf der Grundlage der öffentlich verfügbaren Informationen zu analysieren und im Hinblick auf die bis dato gängigen Vorstellungen eines Cyberwars zu bewerten. Darauf aufbauend werden mögliche Schlussfolgerungen betrachtet, zum einen mit Blick auf die zukünftige Bedeutung von Cyberaktivitäten für Russland, hinsichtlich des generellen militärischen Einsatzes von Cyberwirkmitteln und dessen weiterer Entwicklung, und in Bezug auf zukünftige internationale Debatten zur Einhegung von Cyberwars und des schädigenden Einsatzes von Cyberwirkmitteln.
Why the Single-N Design Should Be the Default in Affective Neuroscience
Authors: Fischer Håkan , Nilsson Mats E. , Ebner Natalie C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany studies in affective neuroscience rely on statistical procedures designed to estimate population averages and base their main conclusions on group averages. However, the obvious unit of analysis in affective neuroscience is the individual, not the group, because emotions are individual phenomena that typically vary across individuals. Conclusions based on group averages may therefore be misleading or wrong, if interpreted as statements about emotions of an individual, or meaningless, if interpreted as statements about the group, which has no emotions. We therefore advocate the Single-N design as the default strategy in research on emotions, testing one or several individuals extensively with the primary purpose of obtaining results at the individual level. In neuroscience, the equivalent to the Single-N design is deep imaging, the emerging trend of extensive measurements of activity in single brains. Apart from the fact that individuals react differently to emotional stimuli, they also vary in shape and size of their brains. Group-based analysis of brain imaging data therefore refers to an “average brain” that was activated in a way that may not be representative of the physiology of any of the tested individual brains, nor of how these brains responded to the experimental stimuli. Deep imaging avoids such group-averaging artifacts by simply focusing on the individual brain. This methodological shift toward individual analysis has already opened new research areas in fields like vision science. Inspired by this, we call for a corresponding shift in affective neuroscience, away from group averages, and toward experimental designs targeting the individual.
Construction of Nilpotent and Solvable Lie Algebra in Picture Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Kousar Sajida , Arshad Sidra , Kausar Nasreen , Hong Tzung-Pei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe picture fuzzy set was introduced by Coung. It is a generalization of the intuitionistic fuzzy set, giving the notion of neutral membership degrees along with the positive and negative ones. Lie groups and Lie algebras have become indispensable for a lot of fields in mathematical and intellectual physics. In 1872, Lie began his work in the field of continuous transformation groups, later named after him as Lie groups. These have become a fundamental body of interest in themselves. In this paper, the authors presented the notion of the picture fuzzy Lie algebra, picture fuzzy Lie sub-algebra, ideal, and homomorphism. Derived and lower central series of picture fuzzy Lie ideals are constructed to define and analyse solvable and nilpotent picture fuzzy Lie ideals.
Persistence of Kink and Periodic Waves to Singularly Perturbed Two-Component Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson System
Authors: Huang Zihong , Wen Zhenshu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns the persistence of kink and periodic waves to singularly perturbed two-component Drinfel’d-Sokolov-Wilson system. Geometric singular perturbation theory is first employed to reduce the high-dimensional system to the perturbed planar system. By perturbation analysis and Abelian integrals theory, we then are able to find the sufficient conditions about the wave speed to guarantee the existence of heteroclinic orbit and periodic orbits, which indicates the existence of kink and periodic waves. Furthermore, we also show that the limit wave speed$$c_0(k)$$c0(k)is increasing.
The future of sustainable polar ship-based tourism
Authors: Liggett Daniela , Cajiao Daniela , Lamers Machiel , Leung Yu-Fai , Stewart Emma J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, polar tourism has significantly grown in the number of visitors and diversified in terms of the tourism activities offered. The COVID-19 pandemic brought polar tourism to a halt and has prompted researchers, operators and policy-makers alike to reflect on how Arctic and Antarctic tourism have developed, how they are being managed and governed and, importantly, how tourism operators influence polar socio-ecological systems. Given the dominance of ship-based tourism over other types of tourism in the Polar Regions, we discuss the cornerstones of how polar ship-based tourism has developed over the last 50 years and explore the relevant international and regional governance regimes in this article. We identify which positive and negative biophysical, socio-cultural and economic impacts arising from polar tourism have been identified by researchers. It is difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle impacts caused by tourism alone from those that result from the interactions of multiple pressures at all levels (local, regional and global), and more research is needed to develop reliable and effective indicators to monitor tourism impacts. In addition, a better understanding is needed about the role tourist experiences might play in potentially encouraging long-term positive behavioural changes among visitors to the Polar Regions. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an important opportunity to review polar tourism development and management, and to ask whether an emphasis should be placed on ‘degrowth’ of the sector in the future.
Hyperspectral compressive wavefront sensing
Authors: Howard Sunny , Esslinger Jannik , Wang Robin H. W. , Norreys Peter , Döpp Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Presented is a novel way to combine snapshot compressive imaging and lateral shearing interferometry in order to capture the spatio-spectral phase of an ultrashort laser pulse in a single shot. A deep unrolling algorithm is utilized for snapshot compressive imaging reconstruction due to its parameter efficiency and superior speed relative to other methods, potentially allowing for online reconstruction. The algorithm’s regularization term is represented using a neural network with 3D convolutional layers to exploit the spatio-spectral correlations that exist in laser wavefronts. Compressed sensing is not typically applied to modulated signals, but we demonstrate its success here. Furthermore, we train a neural network to predict the wavefronts from a lateral shearing interferogram in terms of Zernike polynomials, which again increases the speed of our technique without sacrificing fidelity. This method is supported with simulation-based results. While applied to the example of lateral shearing interferometry, the methods presented here are generally applicable to a wide range of signals, including Shack–Hartmann-type sensors. The results may be of interest beyond the context of laser wavefront characterization, including within quantitative phase imaging.
FUNNY WRAPPINGS—CHALLENGING YOUR RADIOCARBON LABORATORY
Authors: Lindauer Susanne , Friedrich Ronny 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTShipping radiocarbon samples from the scientist to the laboratories involves packaging and wrapping them with all sorts of bags and materials to make sure the samples arrive safely. Over the years a variety of possible and impossible package materials have arrived at our laboratory, causing problems occasionally but often being the highlight of the day cheering up the people involved. The reality of excavating important, occasionally unexpected, samples during field work sometimes includes taking samples when time is short or package materials could not be prepared. At this point, any kind of package becomes useful. Things like cigarette packets, reused office packets, tissue boxes, or medical packaging can become handy. But sometimes samples are taken, wrapped in aluminum foil, and forgotten in the desks. This article celebrates creativity, giving an overview of the many ways samples can be packed. However, using some of the less-than-ideal choices, drawbacks will be shown and possible problems explained.