bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in safe environmental applications of biochar: identifying risks and unintended consequence
Authors: Dong Mingying , Jiang Mengyuan , He Lizhi , Zhang Zirun , Gustave Williamson , Vithanage Meththika , Niazi Nabeel Khan , Chen Bo , Zhang Xiaokai , Wang Hailong , He Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the past 10–15 years, biochar has garnered significant global attention in agriculture and environmental science. While most research has focused on the benefits of biochar application in soil enhancement, water quality improvement, and climate change mitigation, the potential risks associated with its use have often been overlooked. This oversight is critical, as the environmental fate of biochar is contingent upon understanding these risks. Once released into the environment, biochar can interact with environmental media, potentially releasing associated pollutants and threatening ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the unintended environmental and health risks associated with biochar during its production and application to select appropriate types for sustainable development. This review was conducted by systematically analyzing and synthesizing relevant studies from Web of Science, focusing on recent advancements and key debates in the field. It categorizes biochar risks into endogenous and exogenous risks based on the source of pollutants carried by biochar. The review analyzes in detail the impacts of raw materials, preparation processes, and application scenarios on the unintended environmental risks of biochar. Furthermore, it provides a thorough overview of the adverse effects on animals, plants, microorganisms, and human health, elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant release, aging, and nano-effects from environmental geochemical processes involving biochar. Additionally, this review summarizes the environmental risk assessment methods of biochar, providing a reference for its safe application and the sustainable development of biochar-related research.

Graphical Abstract
[11C]MK-6884 PET imaging reveals lower M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability following cocaine self-administration in male rats
Authors: Gollapelli Krishna K. , Krizan Ivan , Bhoopal Bhuvanachandra , Damuka Naresh , Moriarty Carson , Miller Mack , Sai Kiran K. Solingapuram , Gould Robert W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) remains a significant problem in the United States, with high rates of relapse and no present FDA-approved treatment. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, specifically through modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) function, has shown promise as a therapeutic target for multiple aspects of CUD. Enhancement of the M4 mAChR subtype via positive allosteric modulation has been shown to inhibit the behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine across several rodent models of CUD. However, it is unclear how cocaine exposure affects M4 mAChR expression or distribution.

Objectives
To evaluate the effects of cocaine self-administration on M4 mAChR availability using [11C]MK-6884 in vivo PET imaging in rats that self-administered cocaine (cocaine SA) or sucrose pellets (control).

Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine or sucrose pellets for 15 days under 2-h or 4-h sessions followed by PET imaging with [11C]MK-6884, a radiolabeled M4 selective positive allosteric modulator to determine the effects of cocaine on [11C]MK-6884 standard uptake values with cerebellum as reference (SUVr).

Results
Cumulative cocaine intake ranged between 324 and 776 mg/kg. Cocaine self-administration was associated with significantly lower [11C]MK-6884 SUVrs in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum compared to cocaine-naive rats, with a negative correlation between radiotracer SUVrs and cocaine intake in the hippocampus.

Conclusions
These results suggest that cocaine self-administration decreases M4 mAChR availability, providing further support for pursuing activation/enhancement of M4 mAChR function as a viable pharmacotherapeutic approach for CUD.
Efficacy of bortezomib combined with Hyper-CVAD in adults with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia or positive measurable residual disease; effect of bortezomib in leukemia
Authors: Ramos Peñafiel Christian Omar , Pérez Sámano Daniela , Gallardo Rodríguez Adán Germán , Terreros Palacio Camila , Olarte Carrillo Irma , Martínez Murillo Carlos , Barranco Lampón Gilberto , Cabrera García Álvaro , Martínez Tovar Adolfo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Despite advances in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), relapse remains the most significant challenge in improving prognosis. Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment can predict bone marrow relapse based on MRD positivity. As access to innovative therapies remains limited because of the high cost, chemotherapy is the widely utilized treatment option. The efficacy of a combination of bortezomib and Hyper-CVAD has been reported in patients with multiple myeloma; however, its efficacy has not yet been confirmed in patients with ALL.

Methods
This prospective cohort study involved patients with ALL who presented with MRD-positive results or relapse and received treatment with a combination of bortezomib and Hyper-CVAD at two reference centers in Mexico City.

Results
Of the 20 patients with positive MRD included in this study, 60% (n = 12) exhibited MRD negative results after combination treatment, 30% (n = 6) persisted positive MRD results, and 10% (n = 2) passed away. Of the 23 patients with bone marrow relapse, 43.5% (n = 10) achieved a second complete remission (2CR), 34.8% (n = 6) exhibited refractory status, and 21.7% (n = 5) passed away. To achieve a 2CR, 20% (n = 2) patients required less than four cycles of treatment, 50% (n = 5) required four cycles (two A and B cycles each), and 30% (n = 3) required six cycles.

Conclusion
The combination of bortezomib and Hyper-CVAD treatment exhibited better results in achieving MRD negative results, indicating its potential as a promising first-line treatment strategy for ALL.
Cultural adaptation process of six stigma assessment scales among Kannada speaking population in South India
Authors: Annajigowda Harshitha H , Mendon Gurucharan Bhaskar , Cherian Anish V. , Wahid Syed Shabab , Kohrt Brandon A. , Rüsch Nicolas , Evans-Lacko Sara , Brohan Elaine , Henderson Claire , Thornicroft Graham , Loganathan Santosh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For several years stigma researchers in India have relied on Western instruments or semi-structured stigma scales in their studies. However, these scales have not been rigorously translated and adapted to the local cultural framework. In the current study, we describe the cultural adaptation of six stigma scales with the purpose of using it in the native language (Kannada) based on translation steps of forward translation, expert review and synthesis, cultural equivalence, back translation and cognitive interview processes.
Several items were modified in the target language at each stage of the cultural adaptation process as mentioned in the above steps across all scales. Cultural explanations for the same have been provided. Concepts such as “community forest” and “baby sitting" was replaced with equivalent native synonyms. We introduced native cultural and family values such as “joint family system” and modified the item of housing concept in one of the tools. The concept of “privacy” in the Indian rural context was observed to be familial than individual-based and modification of corresponding items according to the native context of “privacy”. Finally, items from each scale were modified but retained without affecting the meaning and the core construct.
American Political Violence (The Government and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2023)
Authors: King Desmond 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Amongst the ways in which American democracy is distinct, the Weberian anomaly stands out: the United States equates to a classical Weberian state with the routine trappings of bureaucratic power, national organization, stable territorial parameters, a legal code and military power. But it is at best a quasi-Weberian state in respect of state monopolization of legitimate violence. The scope of the Second Amendment means the federal government has control in many instances over the use of physical force but historically this authority coexists with the (explicit or implicit) delegation of political violence to societal actors. In this article I argue that the legitimation of political violence outside the state is endogenous to the American constitutional settlement, a feature which arises from the country's origins and the institutional arrangements adopted in key constitutional clauses and judicial decisions.
Sites of Disremembering: Narrative Tactics of Remembering the Past in Qasr and Heshmatieh Neighborhoods of Tehran
Authors: Golrokh Shamin , Saedi Maryam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
By applying narrative inquiry and cartographic reconfiguration of two significantly transformed neighborhoods, Qasr and Heshmatieh, in Tehran, in this study we analyze the practice of remembering within the context of memory politics. We aim to critically examine how residents of these neighborhoods, situated near major state security and military facilities, alter their recollections of the past. Inspired by de Certeau's concepts of strategy and tactics, the analysis seeks to identify the narrative tactics employed by interviewees to interpret the often imposed transformations of the area. Our findings underscore the process of “disremembering” as a hallmark of the transformation, perpetuated through constant “replacements.” Furthermore, they highlight four layers of transformation in the area, discussed within the framework of significant literature on Tehran's spatial transformation.
Overlapping and differential neuropharmacological mechanisms of stimulants and nonstimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparative neuroimaging analysis
Authors: Pan Nanfang , Ma Tianyu , Liu Yixi , Zhang Shufang , Hu Samantha , Shekara Aniruddha , Cao Hengyi , Gong Qiyong , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPsychostimulants and nonstimulants have partially overlapping pharmacological targets on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but whether their neuroimaging underpinnings differ is elusive. We aimed to identify overlapping and medication-specific brain functional mechanisms of psychostimulants and nonstimulants on ADHD.MethodsAfter a systematic literature search and database construction, the imputed maps of separate and pooled neuropharmacological mechanisms were meta-analyzed by Seed-based d Mapping toolbox, followed by large-scale network analysis to uncover potential coactivation patterns and meta-regression analysis to examine the modulatory effects of age and sex.ResultsTwenty-eight whole-brain task-based functional MRI studies (396 cases in the medication group and 459 cases in the control group) were included. Possible normalization effects of stimulant and nonstimulant administration converged on increased activation patterns of the left supplementary motor area (Z = 1.21, p < 0.0001, central executive network). Stimulants, relative to nonstimulants, increased brain activations in the left amygdala (Z = 1.30, p = 0.0006), middle cingulate gyrus (Z = 1.22, p = 0.0008), and superior frontal gyrus (Z = 1.27, p = 0.0006), which are within the ventral attention network. Neurodevelopmental trajectories emerged in activation patterns of the right supplementary motor area and left amygdala, with the left amygdala also presenting a sex-related difference.ConclusionsConvergence in the left supplementary motor area may delineate novel therapeutic targets for effective interventions, and distinct neural substrates could account for different therapeutic responses to stimulants and nonstimulants.
Viroporins: discovery, methods of study, and mechanisms of host-membrane permeabilization
Authors: Alcaraz Antonio , Nieva José L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ‘Viroporin’ family comprises a number of mostly small-sized, integral membrane proteins encoded by animal and plant viruses. Despite their sequence and structural diversity, viroporins share a common functional trend: their capacity to assemble transmembrane channels during the replication cycle of the virus. Their selectivity spectrum ranges from low-pH-activated, unidirectional proton transporters, to size-limited permeating pores allowing passive diffusion of metabolites. Through mechanisms not fully understood, expression of viroporins facilitates virion assembly/release from infected cells, and subverts the cell physiology, contributing to cytopathogenicity. Compounds that interact with viroporins and interfere with their membrane-permeabilizing activity in vitro, are known to inhibit virus production. Moreover, viroporin-defective viruses comprise a source of live attenuated vaccines that prevent infection by notorious human and livestock pathogens. This review dives into the origin and evolution of the viroporin concept, summarizes some of the methodologies used to characterize the structure–function relationships of these important virulence factors, and attempts to classify them on biophysical grounds attending to their mechanisms of ion/solute transport across membranes.
Advancing paleoanthropology beyond default nulls
Authors: Bedetti Matteo , Allen Colin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While we are sympathetic with Stibbard-Hawkes’ approach, we disagree with the proposal to switch to a “cognitively modern” null for all Homo species. We argue in favor of a more evidence-driven approach, inspired by recent debates in comparative cognition. Ultimately, parsing the contributions of different genetic and extra-genetic factors in human evolution is more promising than setting a priori nulls.
Implementing national antimicrobial consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: opportunities and lessons learned
Authors: Marin Gustavo Horacio , Giangreco Lucia , Lichtenberger Paola , Dorati Cristian , Mordujovich-Buschiazzo Perla , Rojas-Cortés Robin , Ramón-Pardo Pilar , Marín Danini , Castro José Luis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) is essential to anticipate and inform policies and public health decisions to prevent and/or contain antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This manuscript shares the experience on AMC data collection in Latin American & Caribbean (LAC). The WHO GLASS-AMC methodology for AMC surveillance was used for data registration during the period 2019–2022. Focal points belonging to each country were contacted and trained for AMC source of information detection, managing registration tools, and data analysis. Thirteen countries were enrolled with significant heterogeneity in the AMC results (range 2.55–36.26 DID-AMC). This experience reflects the heterogeneity of realities in LAC countries; how each one of the nations selected the best sources to collect AMC data, which were the main problems in applying the WHO-AMC collection tool, and the approach that each country gave to the analysis of its data. Finally, some examples are provided on the use of AMC information in making the best decision-making related to AMR control policies at the national level.
Reactions to no-fault compensation schemes for occupational diseases in the Netherlands: the role of perceived procedural justice, outcome concerns and trust in authorities
Authors: Overheul Marlou , van den Bos Kees , Rijnhout Rianka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Financial redress for victims of occupational diseases can be offered through no-fault compensation schemes. No-fault compensation schemes have an explicit mission in promoting perceived fairness and justice. The objective is to offer a quick, fair and just procedure and outcome, while preventing civil court procedures and restoring trust. However, the question is whether applicants of these no-fault schemes indeed experience perceived fairness and justice. This paper discusses the result of an in-depth interview study with fifty-eight victims involved in no-fault schemes for occupational diseases in the Netherlands. We focus on the role of perceived procedural justice, outcome concerns and trust in the (former) employer.
Do the Vertical Movements of the Peak Height of F Region Truly Represent the Vertical E×B $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ Plasma Drift Velocity Over the Dip Equator?
Authors: Ashok Arya , Ambili K. M. , Choudhary R. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the reasons for the difference observed between the plasma drift and the drift calculated by tracing the movement of the ionospheric region peak, using a quasitwo‐dimensional theoretical ionospheric model. Analysis shows that vertical drift causes the electron density profiles in the region to steepen, where photochemistry dominates, and pushes the plasma to higher altitudes. Photochemical processes result in the lower peak , while the upper peak is attributed to vertical drift, which is difficult to trace due to diffusion effects. The close agreement between model‐derived and Scherliess‐Fejer (SF) vertical drifts confirms that the peak does not respond to vertical drift if it is below 300 km. Significant observational evidence of this phenomenon was recorded during the superstorm period of 10–11 May 2024 (Mother's Day solar storm). This superstorm period caused an increased vertical drift in the F region, leading the peak to rise above 300 km. The extreme conditions during this superstorm provided a rare opportunity to observe the dynamics of the ionosphere and validate our model. The observations during the superstorm period highlight the importance of understanding vertical drift dynamics and their impact on ionospheric behavior, especially during extreme space weather events.
Personalised estimation of exposure to ambient air pollution and application in a longitudinal cohort analysis of cognitive function in London-dwelling older adults
Authors: Wood Dylan , Evangelopoulos Dimitris , Kitwiroon Nutthida , Stewart Gregor , Vu Tuan , Smith James , Beevers Sean , Katsouyanni Klea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Accurate estimates of personal exposure to ambient air pollution are difficult to obtain and epidemiological studies generally rely on residence-based estimates, averaged spatially and temporally, derived from monitoring networks or models. Few epidemiological studies have compared the associated health effects of personal exposure and residence-based estimates.

Objective
To evaluate the association between exposure to air pollution and cognitive function using exposure estimates taking mobility and location into account.

Methods
Residence-based dispersion model estimates of ambient NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were assigned to 768 London-dwelling participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The London Hybrid Exposure Model was implemented to adjust estimates per pollutant to reflect the estimated time-activity patterns of each participant based on age and residential location. Single pollutant linear mixed-effects models were fit for both exposure assessment methods to investigate the associations between assigned pollutant concentrations and cognitive function over a follow-up period of up to 15 years.

Results
Increased long-term exposures to residence-based ambient NO2 (IQR: 11.10 µg/m3), PM10 (2.35 µg/m3), and PM2.5 (2.50 µg/m3) were associated with decreases of −0.10 [95% CI: −0.20, 0.00], −0.07 [−0.11, −0.02] and −0.14 [−0.21, −0.06], respectively, in composite memory score. Similar decreases were observed for executive function scores (−0.38 [−0.58, −0.18], −0.11 [−0.20, −0.02] and −0.14 [−0.29, 0.01], respectively). When applying personalised exposure estimates, which were substantially lower, similar decreases were observed for composite memory score per IQR, but a consistent pattern of slightly more adverse effects with executive function score was evident.

Impact Statement
The present study constructed a framework through which time-activity information derived from a representative sample could be applied to estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations assigned to individuals in epidemiological cohort studies, with the intention of adjusting commonly used residence-based estimates to reflect population mobility and time spent in various microenvironments. Estimates of exposure were markedly lower when incorporating time-activity, likely because people in European populations spend a large proportion of their time indoors, where their exposure to ambient air pollution may be reduced through infiltration, which is not taken into account in residence-based ambient estimates. Further work into such methods could provide insights into the efficacy of personalising exposure estimates.
Nonlinear memristive computational spectrometer
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Jie , Yu Feilong , Chen Jin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Li Guanhai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the domain of spectroscopy, miniaturization efforts often face significant challenges, particularly in achieving high spectral resolution and precise construction. Here, we introduce a computational spectrometer powered by a nonlinear photonic memristor with a WSe2 homojunction. This approach overcomes traditional limitations, such as constrained Fermi level tunability, persistent dark current, and limited photoresponse dimensionality through dynamic energy band modulation driven by palladium (Pd) ion migration. The critical role of Pd ion migration is thoroughly supported by first-principles calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental verification, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing device performance. Additionally, we integrate this dynamic modulation with a specialized nonlinear neural network tailored to address the memristor’s inherent nonlinear photoresponse. This combination enables our spectrometer to achieve an exceptional peak wavelength accuracy of 0.18 nm and a spectral resolution of 2 nm within the 630–640 nm range. This development marks a significant advancement in the creation of compact, high-efficiency spectroscopic instruments and offers a versatile platform for applications across diverse material systems.