bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in action‐state orientation moderate task difficulty effects on effort‐related cardiac response
Authors: Bouzidi Yann S. , Gendolla Guido H. E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA quasi experiment (N = 100 university students) tested whether individual differences in action‐state orientation moderate task difficulty effects on resource mobilization assessed as cardiovascular response. According to action control theory, action‐oriented individuals have higher self‐regulation capacities in demanding situations than state‐oriented persons. Action‐orientated individuals should also self‐generate positive affect in face of obstacles. Therefore, drawing on Wright's (1998) ability extension of motivational intensity theory and research on affective influences on effort‐related cardiovascular response, we expected that action‐orientation should lead to stronger effort‐related cardiovascular responses in a difficult task, while state‐orientation should do so in an easy task. Reactivity of cardiac pre‐ejection period (PEP) during performance on a short‐term memory task corroborated this hypothesis. The present findings provide the first evidence of a link between action‐state orientation and effort‐related responses in the cardiovascular system.
Narrative dynamics in European Commission AI policy—Sensemaking, agency construction, and anchoring
Authors: af Malmborg Frans 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is arguably one of the most powerful and disruptive technologies of our times which may pose challenges as well as opportunities to contemporary political organizations. Studying AI from a lens of perceived uncertainty, this article studies the policy response of the European Commission toward this fast‐paced emerging technology. By empirically focusing on the Commission's policy process from start to end, from initial communication to concrete proposal, the article shows how different types of narratives are used to construct the new policy area of AI policy. A novel theoretical framework is constructed building on a combination of narrative organizational studies and narrative policy studies, displaying how narratives play a key role in organizational sensemaking, agency construction and anchoring. The paper finds that the Commission broadly makes sense of AI technologies with a future‐oriented discourse, establishes agency to existing and new forms of political organizing and anchors the policy response within the overarching frame of the EU single market policy. The main contribution of the paper is that it shows how political organizations settles uncertainty through narratives and sketches a way forward through establishing policy goals and anchoring them within pre‐existing lines of political mobilization.
Influence of risk perception on attitudes toward blood donation among Brazilian men who have sex with men who donated blood
Authors: Zucoloto Miriane , Galdino Guilherme , McFarland Willi , Martinez Edson 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesize that awareness of individuals' risk behaviors may influence aspects of attitude toward blood donation (i.e., intentions and self‐efficacy). Investigating this association in the population of MSM was the objective of the present study.Study Design and MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study based on an open web survey. The online survey was developed and applied on the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform. The study's information, invitation to participate, and link to access the online survey were disseminated using social media. Analyses were performed using structural equation modeling.ResultsA total of 764 young adults MSM participated, with the majority self‐reporting as homosexual, single, in good health, and having completed higher education. A total of 297 (39.5%) reported having donated blood at least once in their lives. Among blood donors, 72.0% admitted to lying about their sexual behavior during the blood donation clinical screening interview; 81.0% did not believe that their behaviors put them at risk for HIV infection; 83.7% believed that their blood is safe enough to be transfused. Structural equation analysis provided evidence that the perception of being at risk for HIV and the perception of having non‐safe blood to be transfused contributed to an attitude against future blood donation (explained variance 50%).DiscussionAttitude plays an important role in blood donation decision‐making by young adults MSM. This is the first study to provide evidence that the self‐perceptions of being at risk for HIV and having non‐safe blood may deter MSM from blood donation.
Performance Outcomes Following Isoinertial or Machine-Based Training Interventions in Female Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Canós Jose , Corbi Francisco , Colomar Joshua , Baiget Ernest 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To evaluate changes in physical performance indicators after executing a flywheel or machine-based neuromuscular training program in young female tennis players. Methods: Twenty-four players were divided into a machine-based group (MG), flywheel group (FG), and control group. Countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint time (5, 10, and 15 m), change-of-direction (COD) performance (right and left), medicine-ball throws (overhead, forehand, and backhand), and serve velocity were included as tests at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Results: Both MG and FG largely improved from baseline to weeks 4 and 8 of training in CMJ (11.6, 10.6%; effect size [ES] = 1.24, 1.95). Also, sprint time 5 m and 10 m, COD performance-right, and COD performance-left improved moderately to very largely at week 4 in MG (−5.0% to −6.2%; ES = −1.79 to −4.19) and FG (−2.9% to −5.1%; ES = −1.13 to −1.64), respectively. Regarding medicine-ball throw, only FG improved moderately to very largely from weeks 4 to 8 in overhead (9.3%; ES = 1.46), forehand (8.0%; ES = 1.08), and backhand (6.1%; ES = 1.15). Serve velocity improved moderately from weeks 4 to 8 in MG (5.8%; ES = 0.87). Conclusions: Four weeks of the tested programs seem sufficient to improve physical determinants in young female participants. Greater improvements in CMJ and medicine-ball throw following flywheel neuromuscular training indicate the importance of including exercises that emphasize the stretch-shortening cycle and involve the entire kinetic chain. Performing the same intervention with no load adjustments may stall or even decrease performance in some parameters from weeks 4 to 8.
Quasi-experimental evaluation of a financial incentive for first-dose COVID-19 vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years in South Africa
Authors: Chetty-Makkan Candice Maylene , Thirumurthy Harsha , Bair Elizabeth F , Bokolo Simamkele , Day Candy , Wapenaar Korstiaan , Werner Jesse , Long Lawrence , Maughan-Brown Brendan , Miot Jacqui , Pascoe Sophie J S , Buttenheim Alison M 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccination coverage in South Africa (RSA) remains low despite increased access to vaccines. On 1 November 2021, RSA introduced the Vooma Voucher programme which provided a small guaranteed financial incentive, a Vooma Voucher redeemable at grocery stores, for COVID-19 vaccination among older adults, a population most vulnerable to serious illness, hospitalisation and death. However, the association of financial incentives with vaccination coverage remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated the association of the conditional economic incentive programme with first-dose vaccination rates among adults (aged ≥60 years) through a quasi-experimental cohort study. The Vooma Voucher programme was a nationwide vaccination incentive programme implemented for adults aged ≥60 years from 1 November 2021 to 28 February 2022. We ran ITS models to evaluate the Vooma Voucher programme at national and provincial levels. We used data between 1 October 2021 and 27 November 2021 in models estimated at the daily level. Individuals who received their first vaccine dose received a text message to access a ZAR100 ($~7) voucher that was redeemable at grocery stores.ResultsThe Vooma Voucher programme was associated with a 7.15%–12.01% increase in daily first-dose vaccinations in November 2021 compared with late October 2021. Overall, the incentive accounted for 6476–10 874 additional first vaccine doses from 1 November to 27 November 2021, or 8.31%–13.95% of all doses administered to those aged ≥60 years during that period. This result is robust to the inclusion of controls for the number of active vaccine delivery sites and for the nationwide Vooma vaccination weekend initiative (12 November to 14 November), both of which also increased vaccinations through expanded access to vaccines and demand creation activities.ConclusionsFinancial incentives for COVID-19 vaccination led to a modest increase in first-dose vaccinations among older adults in RSA. Financial incentives and expanded access to vaccines may result in higher vaccination coverage.Trial registration number (SANCTR)DOH-27-012022-9116.
Must countries shoulder the burden of mesothelioma to ban asbestos? A global assessment
Authors: Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Rath Emma M , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Yumiya Yui , Lin Ro-Ting , Furuya Sugio , Brislane Kim , Klebe Sonja , Nowak Anna K , Kang Seong-Kyu , Takahashi Ken 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionMesothelioma is a key asbestos-related disease (ARD) but can be difficult to diagnose. Countries presumably ban asbestos to reduce future ARD burdens, but it is unknown if countries ban asbestos as a consequence of ARD burdens. We assessed if and to what extent mesothelioma burden has an impact on a country banning asbestos and obtaining targets for preventative strategies.MethodsWe analysed the status of asbestos ban and mesothelioma burden during 1990–2019 in 198 countries. We assessed mesothelioma burden by age-adjusted mortality rates (MRs) estimated by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) and mesothelioma identification by the WHO mortality database. For GBD-estimated mesothelioma MR, the pre-ban period in the asbestos-banned countries was compared with the 1990–2019 period in the not-banned countries. For mesothelioma identification, the 1990–2019 period was applied to both banned and not-banned countries.ResultsThe association of mesothelioma MR with ban status increased as the ban year approached. Logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of a country banning asbestos increased 14.1-fold (95% CI 5.3 to 37.9) for mesothelioma identification combined with a 26% (12% to 42%) increase per unit increase of mesothelioma MR (one death per million per year) during the period 1–5 year before ban (model p<0.0001).ConclusionMesothelioma burden had an impact on, and together with its identification, explained the banning of asbestos in many countries. Asbestos-banned countries likely learnt lessons from their historical policies of using asbestos because mesothelioma burden and identification follow historical asbestos use. Prevention targets for ARD elimination should combine asbestos ban with mesothelioma identification.
Pulmonary hypertension with a precapillary component in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sera Fusako , Ohtani Tomohito , Tamaki Shunsuke , Yano Masamichi , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Nakatani Daisaku , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Hikoso Shungo , Yamauchi-Takihara Keiko , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is often complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is mainly characterised by postcapillary PH and occasionally accompanied by a precapillary component of PH. Haemodynamic changes in worsening heart failure (HF) can modify the characteristics of PH. However, the clinical features of PH after HF treatment in HFpEF remain unclear. We investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of the precapillary component of PH after HF treatment in HFpEF, using data from the Prospective Multicentre Observational Study of Patients with HFpEF (PURSUIT-HFpEF).MethodsFrom the PURSUIT-HFpEF registry, 219 patients hospitalised with acute HF who underwent right heart catheterisation after initial HF treatment were divided into four groups according to the 2015 and 2018 PH definitions: non-PH, isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Ipc-PH), precapillary PH and combined postcapillary and precapillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc-PH). The latter two were combined as PH with the precapillary component.ResultsUsing the 2015 definition, we found that the prevalence of PH after HF treatment was 27% (Ipc-PH: 20%, precapillary PH: 3%, Cpc-PH: 4%). Applying the 2018 definition resulted in a doubled frequency of precapillary PH (6%). PH with a precapillary component according to the 2015 definition was associated with poor clinical outcomes and characterised by small left ventricular dimension and high early diastolic mitral inflow velocity/early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity.ConclusionAfter initial HF treatment, 7% of hospitalised patients with HFpEF had precapillary component of PH according to the 2015 definition. Echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle can contribute to the risk stratification of patients with HFpEF with a precapillary component of PH.
Variability in perceived burden and health trajectories among older caregivers: a population-based study in Sweden
Authors: Kirvalidze Mariam , Beridze Giorgi , Wimo Anders , Morin Lucas , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe negative effects of informal caregiving are determined by the characteristics of the caregiver-care receiver dyad and the context of care. In this study, we aimed to identify which subgroups of older informal caregivers (1) experience the greatest subjective burden and (2) incur a faster decline in objective health status.MethodsFrom a total of 3363 older participants in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), we identified 629 informal caregivers (19.2%, mean age 69.9 years). Limitations to life and perceived burden were self-reported, and objective health status was quantified using the comprehensive clinical and functional Health Assessment Tool (HAT) score (range: 0–10). Ordered logistic regressions and linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between caregiving-related exposures and subjective outcomes (cross-sectionally) and objective health trajectories (over 12 years), respectively.ResultsHaving a dual role (providing and receiving care simultaneously), caring for a spouse, living in the same household as the care receiver and spending more hours on caregiving were associated with more limitations and burden. In addition, having a dual role (β=−0.12, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.02) and caring for a spouse (β=−0.08, 95% CI −0.14 to −0.02) were associated with a faster HAT score decline. Being female and having a poor social network were associated with an exacerbation of the health decline.ConclusionsBoth the heterogeneity among caregivers and the related contextual factors should be accounted for by policymakers as well as in future research investigating the health impact of informal caregiving.
Interleukin-10 induces expression of CD39 on CD8+T cells to potentiate anti-PD1 efficacy in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Qiao Meng , Zhou Fei , Liu Xinyu , Jiang Tao , Wang Haowei , Jia Yijun , Li Xuefei , Zhao Chao , Cheng Lei , Chen Xiaoxia , Ren Shengxiang , Liu Hongcheng , Zhou Caicun 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAnti-PD-1(L1) therapies are less efficacious in patients withEGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.MethodsThe characteristics of T cells inEGFR-mutated and wild-type tumors were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinical samples. Plasma levels of 8 T-cell-related cytokines were evaluated and its association with immunotherapy efficacy were explored. Association between EGFR signaling pathway and IL-10 was examined through tumor cell lines and clinical tumor samples.In vitrorestimulation model of human CD8+T cells isolated from peripheral blood was used to analyze the impact of IL-10 on T cells. Doxycycline-inducible transgenicEGFRL858Rmouse models were used to investigate the efficacy of combining recombinant mouse IL-10 protein and PD-1 blockade and its underlying mechanismin vivo.ResultsEGFR-mutated tumors showed a lack of CD8+T cell infiltration and impaired CD8+T cell cytotoxic function. The incompetent CD8+T cells inEGFR-mutated tumors were characterized as absence of CD39 expression, which defined hallmarks of cytotoxic and exhausted features and could not be reinvigorated by anti-PD-1(L1) treatment. Instead, CD39 expression defined functional states of CD8+T cells and was associated with the therapeutic response of anti-PD-1(L1) therapies. Mechanically, IL-10 upregulated CD39 expression and was limited inEGFR-mutated tumors. IL-10 induced hallmarks of CD8+T cells immunity in CD39-dependent manner. Using autochthonousEGFRL858R-driven lung cancer mouse models, combining recombinant mouse IL-10 protein and PD-1 blockade optimized antitumor effects inEGFR-mutated lung tumors.ConclusionsOur study suggested that owing to low level of IL-10 to induce the expression of CD39 on CD8+T cells, fewer phenotypically cytotoxic and exhausted CD39+CD8+T cells inEGFR-mutated tumors could be potentially reinvigorated by anti-PD-1(L1) treatment. Hence, IL-10 could potentially serve as a cytokine-based strategy to enhance efficacy of anti-PD-1(L1) treatment inEGFR-mutated tumors.
Activated B cells suppress T-cell function through metabolic competition
Authors: Imahashi Nobuhiko , Basar Rafet , Huang Yuefan , Wang Fang , Baran Natalia , Banerjee Pinaki Prosad , Lu Junjun , Nunez Cortes Ana Karen , Uprety Nadima , Ensley Emily , Muniz-Feliciano Luis , Laskowski Tamara J , Moyes Judy S , Daher May , Mendt Mayela , Kerbauy Lucila N , Shanley Mayra , Li Li , Lim Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng , Shaim Hila , Li Ye , Konopleva Marina , Green Michael , Wargo Jennifer , Shpall Elizabeth J , Chen Ken , Rezvani Katayoun 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundB cells play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response. The induction of B cell-mediated immunosuppressive function requires B cell activating signals. However, the mechanisms by which activated B cells mediate T-cell suppression are not fully understood.MethodsWe investigated the potential contribution of metabolic activity of activated B cells to T-cell suppression by performing in vitro experiments and by analyzing clinical samples using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing.ResultsHere we show that following activation, B cells acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype and promote T-cell suppression by metabolic competition. Activated B cells induced hypoxia in T cells in a cell–cell contact dependent manner by consuming more oxygen via an increase in their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, activated B cells deprived T cells of glucose and produced lactic acid through their high glycolytic activity. Activated B cells thus inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in T cells, resulting in suppression of T-cell cytokine production and proliferation. Finally, we confirmed the presence of tumor-associated B cells with high glycolytic and OXPHOS activities in patients with melanoma, associated with poor response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.ConclusionsWe have revealed for the first time the immunomodulatory effects of the metabolic activity of activated B cells and their possible role in suppressing antitumor T-cell responses. These findings add novel insights into immunometabolism and have important implications for cancer immunotherapy.
Tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages exacerbate antidrug IgG-mediated anaphylactic reaction against an immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Kokubo Tomomi , Tang Ruiheng , Abo Hirohito , Terui Ayu , Hirakawa Jotaro , Akita Hidetaka , Kawashima Hiroto , Hisaka Akihiro , Hatakeyama Hiroto 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundWith the increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), side effects and toxicity are a great concern. Anaphylaxis has been identified as a potential adverse event induced by ICIs. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening medical emergency. However, the mechanisms and factors that can potentially influence the incidence and severity of anaphylaxis in patients with cancer remain unclear.MethodsHealthy, murine colon 26, CT26, breast 4T1, EMT6, and renal RENCA tumor-bearing mice were treated with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (clone 10F.9G2). Symptoms of anaphylaxis were evaluated along with body temperature and mortality. The amounts of antidrug antibody and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the blood were quantified via ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Immune cells were analyzed and isolated using a flow cytometer and magnetic-activated cell sorting, respectively.ResultsRepeated administration of the anti-PD-L1 antibody 10F.9G2 to tumor-bearing mice caused fatal anaphylaxis, depending on the type of tumor model. After administration, antidrug immunoglobulin G (IgG), but not IgE antibodies, were produced, and PAF was released as a chemical mediator during anaphylaxis, indicating that anaphylaxis was caused by an IgG-dependent pathway. Anaphylaxis induced by 10F.9G2 was treated with a PAF receptor antagonist. We identified that neutrophils and macrophages were PAF-producing effector cells during anaphylaxis, and the tumor-bearing models with increased numbers of neutrophils and macrophages showed lethal anaphylaxis after treatment with 10F.9G2. Depletion of both neutrophils and macrophages using clodronate liposomes prevented anaphylaxis in tumor-bearing mice.ConclusionsThus, increased numbers of neutrophils and macrophages associated with cancer progression may be risk factors for anaphylaxis. These findings may provide useful insights into the mechanism of anaphylaxis following the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors in human subjects.
Expanded terminal sedation in end-of-life care
Authors: Gilbertson Laura , Savulescu Julian , Oakley Justin , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: December 2022

Despite advances in palliative care, some patients still suffer significantly at the end of life. Terminal Sedation (TS) refers to the use of sedatives in dying patients until the point of death. The following limits are commonly applied: (1) symptoms should be refractory, (2) sedatives should be administered proportionally to symptoms and (3) the patient should be imminently dying. The term ‘Expanded TS’ (ETS) can be used to describe the use of sedation at the end of life outside one or more of these limits.In this paper, we explore and defend ETS, focusing on jurisdictions where assisted dying is lawful. We argue that ETS is morally permissible: (1) in cases of non-refractory suffering where earlier treatments are likely to fail, (2) where gradual sedation is likely to be ineffective or where unconsciousness is a clinically desirable outcome, (3) where the patient meets all criteria for assisted dying or (4) where the patient has greater than 2 weeks to live, is suffering intolerably, and sedation is considered to be the next best treatment option for their suffering.While remaining two distinct practices, there is scope for some convergence between the criteria for assisted dying and the criteria for ETS. Dying patients who are currently ineligible for TS, or even assisted dying, should not be left to suffer. ETS provides one means to bridge this gap.