bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive investigation of PtNPs/PEI N-GQDs nanocomposite: DFT modeling, anticancer activity, and biosensing applications
Authors: Altinok Gunes Buket , Kirlangic Omer Faruk , Kilic Murat , Ketenoglu Didem , Aslan Aysenur , Yagmur Kabas Sultan , Kabas Afsar , Kaya Ismet , Sunguroglu Asuman , Ors Yildirim Nadide , Ozgurtas Taner , Kaya Sezginer Ecem , Boyacioglu Bahadir , Unver Huseyin , Yildiz Mustafa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a novel nanocomposite, PtNPs/PEI N-GQDs, utilizing FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM, XPS, and XRD techniques. The study investigates the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of the nanocomposite on OVCAR-3 cells, aiming to understand the interplay between nanomaterials and cancer. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of PtNPs/PEI N-GQDs-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) are explored, emphasizing analyses of HOMO–LUMO energy levels and band gap energy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis results further support these findings by providing insights into the electronic structure and energetics of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite exhibits promising electrochemical behavior, demonstrating high capacitance and sensitivity in glucose detection through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Selectivity towards glucose among interfering bioanalytes is highlighted, showcasing potential applications in tumor monitoring and diagnosis. Furthermore, the nanocomposite displays significant toxicity against cancer cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Antiangiogenic effects are also observed, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. Overall, these findings underscore the multifunctional properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, offering insights into its potential for cancer therapy and biosensor applications for glucose detection in bodily fluids.

Graphical abstract
Synthesis and properties of carbon black (CB)-added polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/nickel foam (NF) flexible electrodes by electrospinning, and their supercapacitive performance
Authors: Arslan Çarpan M. , Tokgöz S. R. , Düzyer Gebizli S. , Peksöz A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research study presents the successful preparation of polyacrylonitrile/nickel foam (PAN/NF) and carbon black (CB)-added polyacrylonitrile/nickel foam (CB:PAN/NF) electrodes using an electrospinning method, along with a comprehensive discussion of their remarkable supercapacitive performances. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations demonstrate a robust adhesion between polyacrylonitrile fibers and nickel foam, attributable to the application of an annealing process. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) studies validate the elemental composition of the electrodes. To further characterize the structural properties, additional analyses are conducted utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Structural characterizations indicate that both the incorporation of carbon black and the carbonization process yield beneficial contributions to the overall material properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are employed to evaluate the thermal stability of the electrodes. Electrochemical investigations are performed using various techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott-Schottky (MS), all in a 1 M aqueous KOH solution. The addition of carbon black (CB) significantly improves the performance of the PAN/NF electrode, increasing the specific capacitance from 76.5 to 226.9 F g−1. This study also examines the reaction kinetics that characterize the energy storage mechanisms of the electrodes. The enhancement of the electroactive surface area in PAN/NF due to CB loading is also confirmed by EIS analysis. In the existing literature, many studies focus on the direct use of PAN and its derivatives as electrode materials. However, this study is the first to investigate the energy storage capabilities of PAN in combination with a current collector, specifically nickel foam (NF). The results of this study provide strong evidence for CB:PAN/NF as a promising electrode material in flexible supercapacitors.
Enhancement of Ag sintering reactions through high-density (111) orientation Ag nanotwins for the die bonding of SiC chips with DBC alumina substrates
Authors: Chen Yin-Hsuan , Chen Chun-Hao , Syafei Devi Indrawati , Chen Yen-Ting , Chang Che-Yuan , Chuang Tung-Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ag sintering has become a preferred die bonding method for power IC packages due to its exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. While it is widely recognized for its potential in high-power semiconductor applications, few research efforts have emerged that consider how the backside metallization films of the IC can enhance the sintering layer’s properties. This research focused on the enhancement of silver sintering for bonding of Cr/Ni/Ag and Cr/nanotwinned Ag-metallized film on silicon carbide (SiC) chips to direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates to investigate the beneficial effects of (111)-textured Ag nanotwinned films on the bonding strength increase and porosity reduction. Results reveal that the nanotwinned Ag films significantly reduce porosity and enhance bonding strength compared to conventional Cr/Ni/Ag films, under both pressurized and pressureless conditions. Implications for the improvements in reducing porosity and increasing bonding strength due to the nanotwin structure and further research are also discussed, opening new possibilities for advanced power electronic packaging technology.
A Modified AAA Algorithm for Learning Stable Reduced-Order Models from Data
Authors: Bradde Tommaso , Grivet-Talocia Stefano , Aumann Quirin , Gosea Ion Victor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, the Adaptive Antoulas-Anderson () algorithm has been applied extensively for generating Reduced Order Models (ROMs) of large scale Linear Time-Invariant systems starting from measurements of their transfer functions. When used for Model Order Reduction (MOR) of an asymptotically stable system, the ROMs generated applying are not guaranteed to preserve this fundamental property, thus rendering them impractical in many relevant applications. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel algebraic characterization for the stability of ROMs represented under the barycentric structure. We then translate such characterization into a set of convex semidefinite constraints that can be embedded into the optimization routine to explicitly maximize the model accuracy while ensuring its stability. Finally, we generalize the resulting modeling framework to allow for efficient stable MOR of Multi-Input-Multi-Output systems. An extensive set of numerical experiments provides practical evidence for the effectiveness of the proposed approach and compares its performance with those of available state-of-the-art methods.
Deep Errors-in-Variables using a diffusion model
Authors: Faller Josua , Martin Jörg , Elster Clemens 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Errors-in-Variables is the statistical concept used to explicitly model input variable errors caused, for example, by noise. While it has long been known in statistics that not accounting for such errors can produce a substantial bias, the vast majority of deep learning models have thus far neglected Errors-in-Variables approaches. Reasons for this include a significant increase of the numerical burden and the challenge in assigning an appropriate prior in a Bayesian treatment. To date, the attempts made to use Errors-in-Variables for neural networks do not scale to deep networks or are too simplistic to enhance the prediction performance. This work shows for the first time how Bayesian deep Errors-in-Variables models can increase the prediction performance. We present a scalable variational inference scheme for Bayesian Errors-in-Variables and demonstrate a significant increase in prediction performance for the case of image classification. Concretely, we use a diffusion model as input posterior to obtain a distribution over the denoised image data. We also observe that training the diffusion model on an unnoisy surrogate dataset can suffice to achieve an improved prediction performance on noisy data.
The impact of access to legal services on divorce outcomes
Authors: Zaber Melanie A. , Coe Jessie , AlFakhri Marwa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A long literature has established that divorce is an important channel for married individuals to escape unhealthy circumstances. The complexity and high personal stakes of divorce may mean that true access to divorce hinges on access to legal services. Leveraging variation in access to legal services across geography and over time, we estimate the impact of this access on divorce in the United States. Using data from the Legal Services Corporation on legal service provision by geographic area and data from the American Community Survey on divorce and household income, we find that having access to legal services in a given year leads to an additional 2.5 to 3.5 divorces per 1000 income-eligible individuals, an approximately 7 to 9 percent increase in divorce. This magnitude is on par with historical work on the rollout of the first national legal services program. The identified effect is robust to several controls, is not driven purely by spatial variation in divorce rates, and is not sensitive to alternative specifications. These findings underscore the importance of access to legal services in civil contexts.
Learning from prior national and international collaborations and eco-innovation: the moderating role of alliance portfolio diversity
Authors: Bolívar-Ramos María Teresa , Leyva-de la Hiz Dante I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Eco-innovations integrate complex and diverse knowledge sources. For this reason, firms engage in worldwide collaborations that promote learning from different partners that, in turn, promote environmental innovations. This study analyzes how the learning experience of previous collaborations at the national and international levels impacts the likelihood of eco-innovation development by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This work also examines whether such linkages between prior collaboration experience and eco-innovation are influenced by alliance portfolio diversity (APD), which can broaden the number of knowledge sources but also increase coordination costs. The results of longitudinal analysis, based on a dataset of Spanish SMEs, suggest that the learning acquired from prior domestic openness is more useful for enhancing eco-innovation activities. Moreover, the results confirm the negative moderating role of APD, as SMEs with greater prior experience in national and international openness are more likely to eco-innovate than those with less prior experience, but these relationships weaken with increased diversity in collaboration portfolios.
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Mechanisms of Aqueous Polyethylene Glycols
Authors: Hofmann Stefan , Hou Jingyu , Lohner Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Water-soluble polyalkylene glycols have become a growing subject of research to achieve liquid superlubricity in elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts. While the influence of various factors, including water content and viscosity, has been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms responsible for liquid superlubricity under elastohydrodynamic lubrication remain poorly understood. In this study, aqueous polyethylene glycols of varying average chain length with the same viscosity but different water content or average chain length distribution are examined in relation to elastohydrodynamic friction and film thickness. The results indicate, that under fluid film lubrication, the low pressure–viscosity coefficient is the primary factor leading to liquid superlubricity. No running-in period is required, allowing for stable and persistent ultra-low friction level immediately. Additionally, at a constant water content, an optimum average chain length distribution was identified, resulting in reduced friction while the film thickness remained largely unaffected. This enables the targeted design of aqueous lubricants based on polyethylene glycol.

Graphical abstract
Influence of habitat structures on fish abundances and diversity: comparing mainstream and tributary communities in the urban uMsunduze Catchment, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ngcobo Nolwazi B. , Burnett Matthew J. , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Various factors drive the decline of freshwater vertebrate biodiversity. These include changing landscape and urbanisation, introduced invasive species, altered habitat, water quality deterioration, instream barriers, and climate change. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of different habitat features on the fish assemblages in an urban river using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as a proxy for fish assemblage per site and season. We sampled 17 main sites and 21 ad-hoc sites in the uMsunduze Catchment in Pietermaritzburg, uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, during 2022–2023. We collected data using an electro-shocker, fyke nets, and gill nets, and we also recorded and calculated habitat features such as substrate types, hydraulic biotopes, in-situ water quality, ecohydraulics, average depth, and velocity. We used Generalised Linear Models to determine the habitat features driving fish communities. We calculated the Shannon-Weiner and Pielou diversity indices to compare between rivers. We used the Fish Response Assessment Index (FRAI) tool to understand each site’s ecological integrity per season. Our results indicated that various features, including substrate (mud, sand, gravel), fast intermediate and fast deep ecohydraulics, electrical conductivity, habitat (glide, pool), and average velocity significantly impacted the CPUE of fish. There was no variation in diversity indices between tributaries, but there was a significant difference in fish diversity between the uMsunduze mainstream and its tributaries. The FRAI scores showed great deterioration in the system’s ecological health, and most sites, especially the mainstream sites, were critically or extremely modified. We suggest that the relevant authorities take action to mitigate the pressures compromising the uMsunduze Catchment’s ecological integrity. There is an urgent need for conservation measures for the two “near threatened” species, Enteromius gurneyi and Amphilius natalensis, the former now extirpated as per our study.
Beyond external theories: Muslims, ‘asabiyya, and the jihad of Ramadan
Authors: Carland Susan , Buckley Anisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The sociology of religion has often missed the mark with Islam and Muslims, by forcing external frameworks that are not fit for purpose, by neglecting already-existing constitutive theories that more authentically explain the Muslim experience, and by devoting comparatively fewer studies to Islam and Muslims. This paper offers a small contribution to redress these issues, by examining the religious lives of everyday Melbourne Muslims in Ramadan, using theories first proposed by Ibn Khaldun. By extending Ibn Khaldun’s concept of ‘asabiyya (social binding), this paper explores for the first time the interdependent roles of hardship and Islam in generating a nourishing sense of community cohesion. The research was conducted through anonymous diaries kept over an extended period, providing unprecedented and novel insights into the lives of participants. The findings suggest that the physical and spiritual challenges of Ramadan, combined with the influence of “transnational” Islam, contribute to the formation of ‘asabiyya. Sociological instruments used to understand Muslims are too often external and not fit-for-purpose. This paper expands theories first proposed by Ibn Khaldun 600 years ago, particularly ‘asabiyya, and then applies them in new ways to better explain the modern Muslim experience in Ramadan.
A New Circular Honeycomb Made by Hemp/Epoxy Composite: Manufacturing and Mechanical Characterization
Authors: De Fazio Dario , Boccarusso Luca , Durante Massimo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Composite materials, renowned for their versatile design and impressive mechanical properties coupled with lightweight attributes, are garnering increasing attention across industrial sectors. Among various emerging challenges, the exploration of their potential application for sandwich structure cores made of natural fibers represents an enticing prospect for both industry and academic researches. In line with the current imperative to investigate the utilization of sustainable materials, this study proposes a novel circular honeycomb structure reinforced with hemp fibers manufactured using an ad-hoc continuous manufacturing process capable of impregnating the hemp fabric with the desired resin content and forming it in a circular cell pattern. Three core samples, varying in elementary cell sizes with densities ranging from 0.144 g/cm3 to 0.276 g/cm3, were produced. Out-of-plane compression and short beam shear tests were conducted on each sample family. The results were subsequently compared with those of a common foam utilized as a core in industrial applications. The compression and shear tests, along with the attained final density, revealed interesting specific properties, suggesting that this honeycomb structure reinforced with natural fibers, can be considered as a promising alternative to conventional core structures.
Cold Spraying of Mixed Metal Powders: A Modelling Framework for Predicting Deposition Efficiency and Coating Composition
Authors: Zhang Che , Molla Tesfaye , Brandl Christian , Watts Jarrod , McCully Rick , Tang Caixian , Schaffer Graham 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cold spraying (CS) of composite coatings produced from mixed metal powders can exhibit enhanced functional properties over coatings made from pure metals. However, controlling the deposition efficiency and the resulting microstructure during CS is challenging due to interactions between different materials. In this study, we developed a modelling framework to predict the deposition efficiency (DE) of mixed metal powders and the resultant coating composition. This is achieved by predicting the critical and impact velocities as a function of particle size, which allows determination of the DEs of both matched (A/A or B/B) and mismatched (A/B or B/A) particle/substrate combinations. These DEs are then used to determine the overall DE of the composite coating and its composition by using a layer-wise deposition model. The modelling framework is validated by performing several CS experiments using Cu and Al particles together with SEM image analyses of the coating microstructures. We find that in-flight interaction of particles of different masses has a significant effect on the impact velocity and hence DE of composite coatings. By effectively predicting DE and coating composition, the proposed model serves as a valuable tool for optimizing cold spray parameters, reducing trial-and-error costs and time, and accelerating the development of novel composite coatings with enhanced properties.
Grain Rotation and Crack Propagation in Bulge-Tested Gold Films with 4D-STEM
Authors: Gebhart David D. , Schretter Lukas , Krapf Anna , Merle Benoit , Cordill Megan J. , Gammer Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work investigates the stable crack propagation in notched, ultrafine-grained, freestanding Au films under cyclic loading with a bulge tester. Using intermittent transmission electron microscopy, including 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy, the study investigates dislocation activities and grain-boundary-mediated processes during crack propagation at nanoscale resolution. The regions surrounding the propagating crack show significant out-of-plane grain rotation, grain boundary migration, and grain growth and coalescence. Orientation mapping highlighted the influence of grain orientations and misorientations on deformation localization and the crack propagation path, emphasizing the complex interplay of microstructural features in fatigue properties. The findings highlight the role of grain-boundary-mediated mechanisms in the cyclic fatigue of metallic thin films, providing insights into damage mechanisms at the nanoscale.
Effect of Wood Ash, Lime, and Biochar on the Establishment and Early Growth of Poplars on Acidic Soil Conditions
Authors: Muraro Luca , Adler Anneli , Böhlenius Henrik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Poplars are traditionally cultivated on arable land, but other land types, such as forested land and forested arable land, may also provide significant opportunities for poplar plantations without competing with food production. However, these sites often have suboptimal soil pH levels that hinder optimal poplar growth, highlighting the need for improved establishment methods to enhance both survival and growth. This study investigates the establishment and growth of poplars (Populus trichocarpa and their hybrids) at forest land and forested arable land after application of wood ash, lime, and biochar using three different application methods: (i) amendment spread on the soil (Surface), (ii) amendment mixed with the soil (Mixed), (iii) amendment placed on the planting spot (Spot). Our findings revealed that wood ash and lime application almost double growth compared to untreated plants, 3 years after planting, and that growth increased equally independently whether wood ash or lime was mixed with the soil or applied on the soil surface while Spot application method resulted in overall lower growth than the Mix and Surface method. In contrast, biochar application had a lower effect on tree growth compared to wood ash and lime. This study highlights the potential of using wood ash to improve poplar growth on sites with low soil pH and that application methods can be adapted for different site conditions, thereby supporting the early establishment of these fast-growing plantations in sites with suboptimal soil conditions.