bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubular and Glomerular Size by Cortex Depth as Predictor of Progressive CKD after Radical Nephrectomy for Tumor
Authors: Denic Aleksandar , Gaddam Mrunanjali , Moustafa Amr , Mullan Aidan F. , Luehrs Anthony C. , Sharma Vidit , Thompson R. Houston , Smith Maxwell L. , Alexander Mariam P. , Lerman Lilach O. , Barisoni Laura , Rule Andrew D. 
Published: July 2023

Significance Statement
Glomerular size differs by cortex depth. Larger nephrons are prognostic of progressive kidney disease, but it is unknown whether this risk differs by cortex depth or by glomeruli versus proximal or distal tubule size. We studied the average minor axis diameter in oval proximal and distal tubules separately and by cortex depth in patients who had radical nephrectomy to remove a tumor from 2019 to 2020. In adjusted analyses, larger glomerular volume in the middle and deep cortex predicted progressive kidney disease. Wider proximal tubular diameter did not predict progressive kidney disease independent of glomerular volume. Wider distal tubular diameter showed a gradient of strength of prediction of progressive kidney disease in the more superficial cortex than in the deep cortex.

Background
Larger nephrons are prognostic of progressive kidney disease, but whether this risk differs by nephron segments or by depth in the cortex is unclear.

Methods
We studied patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for a tumor between 2000 and 2019. Large wedge kidney sections were scanned into digital images. We estimated the diameters of proximal and distal tubules by the minor axis of oval tubular profiles and estimated glomerular volume with the Weibel–Gomez stereological model. Analyses were performed separately in the superficial, middle, and deep cortex. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the risk of progressive CKD (dialysis, kidney transplantation, sustained eGFR <10 ml/min per 1.73 m2, or a sustained 40% decline from the postnephrectomy baseline eGFR) with glomerular volume or tubule diameters. At each cortical depth, models were unadjusted, adjusted for glomerular volume or tubular diameter, and further adjusted for clinical characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, postnephrectomy baseline eGFR, and proteinuria).

Results
Among 1367 patients were 62 progressive CKD events during a median follow-up of 4.5 years. Glomerular volume predicted CKD outcomes at all depths, but only in the middle and deep cortex after adjusted analyses. Proximal tubular diameter also predicted progressive CKD at any depth but not after adjusted analyses. Distal tubular diameter showed a gradient of more strongly predicting progressive CKD in the superficial than deep cortex, even in adjusted analysis.

Conclusions
Larger glomeruli are independent predictors of progressive CKD in the deeper cortex, whereas in the superficial cortex, wider distal tubular diameters are an independent predictor of progressive CKD.
Estimation of sex using craniofacial dimensions: a study of CT scan images in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: JAAFAR Aliyu , MURDAKAİ Tanko , TERSOO Moses Asongu , MUHAMMAD Abdulrazak , BAUCHİ Zainab M. , FARRAU Usman , ALİYU Ibrahim Sambo , ADAMU Lawan H. , IBRAHİM Muhammad Zaria , NADABO ABDULLAHİ Yusuf , ZAHARADDEEN MUHAMMAD YUSUF Zaharaddeen Muhammad , JAAFAR Amiru 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of craniofacial dimensions in estimating sex in a sample population in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of normal CT scan images of 399 Crania (comprising 236 males and 163 females) of age range 18–95 years that came for CT scans for the diagnostic purpose at the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna between the years of 2017–2019. The images were randomly taken at the archives of the Radiology Department of the institute on an axial plane. The five craniofacial dimensions were measured directly from the computer screen using Vitrea CT Software.
Results: Maximum cranial width (13.49±0.57 cm), maximum cranial length (18.11±0.74 cm), and bizygomatic length (12.64±0.58 cm) of males were significantly greater than in females (13.35±0.49 cm), (17.82±0.66 cm) and (12.22±0.59 cm) respectively. The bizygomatic length on the receiver operating characteristic curve (Area under the curve = 0.711), logistic regression (odd ratio = 1.254), and discriminant function analysis (percentage accuracy after cross validation = 67.4 %.) was the best single variable for estimating sex. Bizygomatic and maximum cranial length were selected as the significant estimators of sex by multivariate logistic regression with Adjusted Odd Ratios of 1.412 and 3.984 respectively, as well as discriminant function analysis (percentage accuracy after cross validation = 66.9%).
Conclusion: Among the sample population in Kaduna State, Nigeria, there is sexual dimorphism in some of the craniofacial variable found in CT scan images. Multivariate logistic regression may be the best model to utilize for predicting sex among the Kaduna State sample group.
Long-term outcomes in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a single center experience
Authors: PARMAKSIZ Gönül 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a common glomerular disease observed in children. Depending on their response to steroids, patients can be classified either as having steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Whereas SSNS patients respond favorably to steroid treatment and achieve a complete remission with normal renal functions, SRNS patients do not, and are at high risk of developing end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term outcomes of patients with INS.
Materials and Methods: In our medical center, records of children diagnosed with INS were evaluated. Demographic information, laboratory results, response to treatment, and clinical progression were analyzed.
Result: Ninety-one children (64% male) with a mean age of 11.1±4.1 years (3.5-18) were included in the patient cohort, with a mean age of diagnosis of 5.2±3.8 years (1-16.2) and a mean follow-up period of 5.7±2.8 years (2-12). Sixty-eight (75%) patients had SSNS, and 23 (25%) patients had SRNS. Among the SSNS patients, 18 (31%) were steroid-dependent, 12 (20%) were frequently relapsing, and 29 (49%) were infrequently relapsing. Renal biopsy was performed on 29 (32%) patients, 59% had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The complete remission rate was 94% for all patients, with 100% for SSNS and 74% for SRNS. ESRD was developed for 9% of patients with SRNS.
Conclusion: The response to steroid treatment serves as a valuable prognostic indicator for INS as it plays a pivotal role in mitigating the risk of progression toward end-stage renal failure.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY LEVEL OF TRIMESTER III PRIMIGRAVIDA PREGNANT WOMEN IN MENUR HEALTH CENTER SURABAYA
Authors: Kambu Makdalena , Salim Lutfi Agus , Mat Sumaiyah 
Published: July 2023

Pregnancy and childbirth are normal things experienced by women, but this still has a high risk and burden women. The purpose of this study is to determine the associated factors of anxiety level among pregnant women in the early third trimester in the Surabaya City Health Service Center Menu. This research is an observational study, which means that it is carried out by conducting field observations with a cross-sectional design and taking samples with a convenient sampling technique of 44 people. Our findings show that the anxiety level in pregnant women with mild levels of primigravida in the first 3 months was reported among 19 people (43.2%) and an average high anxiety level of up to 25 people (56.8%). The analysis was carried out in two dimensions using the Chi-Square test which showed a p value of 0.002. Thus the relationship between the husband's support and anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy at the Surabaya City Health Service Center is closely related. Therefore, it is suggested that a husband to provide full support to his wife in the third-trimester primigravida because this can reduce anxiety.
FERTILITY BASED ON DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN BENGKULU PROVINCE (SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS 2017 IDHS)
Authors: Pratiwi Bintang Agustina , Wati Nopia , Oktarianita Oktarianita , Angraini Wulan , Raharja Mugia Bayu 
Published: July 2023

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of Bengkulu Province is still at 2.31, meaning that there are still Women of Reproductive Age who have children >2. This condition affects the non-fulfillment of basic family needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors causing fertility based on demographic, social, and economic factors in Women of Reproductive Age in Bengkulu Province. This study is a study that uses secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. The population in this study is 49,250 households nationally. The number of households that were successfully interviewed in Bengkulu Province was 850. Ever married women aged 15-49 years were 809 people. Furthermore, the weighted sample was 364 people, from the weighted sample 274 samples met the criteria. The data analysis used in this study consisted of 3 types of data analysis, that is univariate analysis, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that there was a relationship between demographic factors, namely maternal age (p = 0.000), and husband's age (p = 0.000) with Women of Reproductive Age fertility. There is a relationship between socioeconomic factors, that is maternal education (0.026) with Women of Reproductive Age fertility in Bengkulu Province. The dominant factor causing fertility was age at marriage (p = 0.019 and OR = 1.911).
Stem cell properties of cancer cells in ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian cancer: a key to control over cancer progression
Authors: Kovalev O. I. , Vtorushin S. V. , Kaigorodova E. V. 
Published: July 2023

Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most malignant and aggressive tumor of the female reproductive system, which is largely associated with early development of malignant ascites and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer cells representing the primary focus, as well as those contained in the ascitic fluid, are extremely heterogeneous in terms of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic aspects. Cancer stem cells play a significant role in tumor self-renewal, differentiation, metastasis, and development of chemoresistance.This literature review is aimed at summarizing the available data on cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer and their role in tumor progression. A bioinformatic search was carried out in the PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases using the keywords “cancer stem cells”, “ovarian cancer”, “malignant ascites”, “chemoresistance”, etc.The data presented in the review make it possible to comprehensively characterize the role of stem cell properties of ovarian cancer cells. The review presents up-to-date information on the molecular and biological parameters of cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer, which are the cellular component of malignant ascites, as well as data from the authors’ studies. Along with this, the article describes modern ideas about the mechanisms of formation of cellular spheroids and their contribution to cancer progression.Cancer stem cells are an extremely promising target in the development of future therapeutic strategies based on the study of signaling pathways in ovarian cancer stem cells, the mechanisms of spheroid formation, and the contribution of immune cells to the acquisition of cancer stem cell properties.
Surgical revascularization in women: focus on factors worsening the prognosis
Authors: Serebryakova V. N. , Kaveshnikov V. S. , Kuzmichkina M. A. 
Published: July 2023

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although the evidence of gender effects on outcomes is controversial, a number of publications have reported less favorable outcomes of CABG in women. The aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding factors that worsen short- and long-term prognosis in women undergoing surgical myocardial revascularization.Gender differences in early outcomes of CABG are largely explained by gender distribution of baseline clinical characteristics. Women, compared to men, undergo CABG at an older age and have a worse profile of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RF), comorbidity burden, structural and functional cardiac pathology, and coronary lesions. In women, complete myocardial revascularization is less frequent than in men, venous shunts are used more frequently, and the left internal mammary artery is less frequently used as a conduit. In addition to the baseline characteristics, higher incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI), higher prevalence of anxiety and depression, lower quality of life and social adaptation after CABG, and lower involvement of women in rehabilitation programs, compared to men, may contribute to a less favorable long-term prognosis after CABG in women.There is a need for more information for physicians about the specifics of CVDs and anatomical and surgical aspects of CABG in women. It is also necessary to raise patients’ awareness of RF correction and to involve them in educational technologies. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of CVDs should be developed taking into account gender. Further research is also required to develop and implement sex-specific models for predicting surgical risks. Long-term follow-up is appropriate in women with recent MI and a history of diabetes mellitus. To further improve clinical outcomes of CABG in women, development of approaches that facilitate more complete revascularization and reduce the incidence of perioperative complications, such as MI and pneumonia, is needed. More answers to questions regarding gender differences in long-term outcomes of CABG may be obtained by analyzing further studies involving a larger number of female patients.
Anatomical variations and coding of the intra-trunk pathways in the thoracodorsal nerve
Authors: Gorbunov N. S. , Kober K. V. , Kasparov E. V. , Rostovtsev S. I. , Protasyuk E. N. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To study anatomical variations of the intra–trunk pathways in the thoracodorsal nerve bundles and to develop a system for their coding.Materials and methods. After fixation in a 2% solution of acetic acid using the MBS-10 stereomicroscope, we performed macro- and microscopic intra-trunk dissection of thoracodorsal nerve bundles in 121 specimens obtained from 105 corpses of males and females who died at the age of 40–97 years. Using the obtained findings, we compiled a database in the MS Excel 12.0 software and determined the number of anatomical variations in absolute and relative (% from 121 specimens) units.Results. The study revealed that the thoracodorsal nerve is a mixed nerve, which consists of 1 motor and 1– 3 sensory bundles that variously pass through the spinal nerves, trunks, and the axillary nerve with the formation of 20 intra-trunk pathways. In 77% of cases, sensory bundles arising from the thoracodorsal nerve pass through the posterior bundle, the posterior division, the middle trunk, and the C7 spinal nerve or the inferior trunk and the C8 spinal nerve. In 22% of cases, the thoracodorsal nerve has one or, rarely, two duplicate sensory pathways besides the main one. In 93% of cases, the motor bundle to the thoracodorsal nerve passes through the C7 spinal nerve and the middle trunk, the posterior division, and the posterior bundle. Coding the anatomical variations of the intra-trunk pathways in the direction of sensory bundle «posterior bundle → posterior division → trunk → spinal nerve; motor bundle ← posterior bundle ← posterior division ← trunk ← spinal nerve allows to briefly yet clearly and fully display the morphological diversity of the nerve anatomy.Conclusion. The identified anatomical variations of the intra-trunk pathways can be useful in the diagnosis of injuries and diseases. They expand indications for the use of spinal nerves, trunks of the brachial plexus, and the thoracodorsal nerve in reconstructive surgery.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Given as Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Central Corneal Thickness: Results at 12 Months
Authors: Naranjo-Bonilla Pedro , Mira-Padilla Estefania , Muñoz-Villanueva María Carmen , Giménez-Gómez Rafael , Gámez Bernabé Jurado 
Published: July 2023

Background: To examine the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) followed for 12 months.
Methods: Participants were patients with OSA and an indication for CPAP who were enrolled after diagnosis and graded according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) determined in an overnight polysomnography. Each subject underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including ultrasound pachymetry (USP) with an SP3000 USP (Tomey Inc) at the time points just before CPAP onset, and after 3 and 12 months of CPAP treatment.
Results: The study sample comprised 40 eyes of 20 patients. Adherence to CPAP was adequate (5.23 ± 1.77 h/night). After receiving 12 months of CPAP, positive correlation was observed between hours of CPAP use and CCT (r = 0.382, p = 0.015). Intermittent hypoxemia pre-CPAP or hypoxia severity pre-CPAP were also positively correlated with the CCT recorded after 12 months of CPAP (r = 0.394, p = 0.012; r = 0.324, p = 0.041). Significant correlations were, however, not observed after only 3 months of CPAP treatment. In addition, compared to measurements at 3 months, intraocular pressure was higher after 12 months of treatment.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 12 months of correct adherence to CPAP are needed to detect significant CCT thickening, and that the greater the pre-CPAP hypoxemia, the greater the capacity for an increase in CCT to be produced in response to 12 months of this therapy.
Applications of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Hole Cleaning in Horizontal and Highly Deviated Wells
Authors: Mendez Michael , Ahmed Ramadan , Karami Hamidreza , Nasser Mustafa , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. , Garcia Sergio , Gonzalez Andres 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Machine learning (ML) has become a robust method for modeling field operations based on measurements. For example, wellbore cleanout is a critical operation that needs to be optimized to enhance the removal of solids to reduce problems associated with poor hole cleaning. However, as wellbore geometry becomes more complicated, predicting the cleaning performance of fluids becomes more challenging. As a result, optimization is often difficult. Therefore, this research focuses on developing a data-driven model for predicting hole cleaning in deviated wells to optimize drilling performance.
More than 500 flow loop measurements from eight studies are used to formulate a suitable ML model to forecast hole cleanout in directional wells. Measurements were obtained from hole-cleaning experiments that were conducted using different loop configurations. Experiments ranged in test-section length from 22 to 100 ft, in hole diameter from 4 to 8 in., and in pipe diameter from 2 to 4.5 in. The experiments provided measured equilibrium bed height at a specific flow rate for various fluids, including water-based and synthetic-based fluids and fluids containing fibers. Several relevant test parameters, including fluid and cutting properties, well inclination, and drillstring rotation speed (drillpipe rev/min), were also considered in the analysis. The collected data have been analyzed using the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining. This paper is unique because it systematically evaluates various ML models for their ability to describe hole cleanout processes. Six different ML techniques: boosted decision tree (BDT), random forest (RF), linear regression, multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), neural networks, and support vector machine (SVM) have been evaluated to select the most appropriate method for predicting bed thickness in a wellbore. Also, we compared the predictions of the selected ML method with those of a mechanistic model for cases without drillstring rotation. Finally, using the ML model, a parametric study has been conducted to examine the impact of various parameters on the cleanout performance of selected fluids.
The results show the relative influence of different variables on the prediction of cuttings bed. Accordingly, flow rate, drillpipe rev/min, and fluid behavior index have a strong impact on dimensionless bed thickness, while other parameters such as fluid consistency index, solids density and diameter, fiber concentration, and well inclination angle have a moderate effect. The BDT algorithm has provided the most accurate prediction with an R2 of 92%, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.06, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of roughly 0.05. A comparison between a mechanistic model and the selected ML technique shows that the ML model provided better predictions.
R scripts for Human Microbiome Analysis Toolset
Authors: Rosa Bruce A , Martin John , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A variety of statistical analysis methods to analyze microbiome data are provided in an R script, with formatted example input files. These methods include read count rarefaction, diversity calculations, NMDS clustering, Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures (DMM) clustering, cluster validation with Silhouette scores and Prediction strength, random forest, and ANCOM-BC2. The script is a valuable tool for microbiome researchers and provides simple-to-use code with comments and properly formatted example input files, to perform a comprehensive set of methods for analyzing microbiome data.
Chicken caecal enterotypes in indigenous Kadaknath and commercial Cobb chicken lines are associated with Campylobacter abundance and influenced by farming practices
Authors: Hay Melanie Claire , Hinsu Ankit T , Koringa Prakash G , Pandit Ramesh J , Liu Po-Yu , Parekh Mithil J , Jakhesara Subhash J , Dai Xiaoxai , Crotta Matteo , Fosso Bruno , Limon Georgina , Guitian Javier , Tomley Fiona M , Xia Dong , Psifidi Androniki , Joshi Chaitanya G , Blake Damer P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:
Identifying farming practices that decrease susceptibility to infectious diseases and optimise food conversion efficiency is valuable for chicken welfare and productivity, the environment, and public health. Enterotypes can be used to define microbial community phenotypes that have differential, potentially significant impacts on gut health.
Results:
In this study, we delineated enterotypes by analysing the microbiomes of 300 indigenous Kadaknath and 300 commercial Cobb400 broiler chickens raised across 60 farms in western India. Using a compositional data approach, we identified three distinct enterotypes: PA1 (n = 290), PA2 (n = 142) and PA3 (n = 67). PA1 and PA2 clustered more closely with each other than with PA3, however PA2 had significantly lower alpha diversity than PA1. PA1 was dominated by Faecalibacterium and had a higher abundance of Prevotellamassilia than other enterotypes. PA2 was characterised by a high abundance of the common taxa Phascolarctobacterium A and Phocaeicola dorei and had a significantly higher Campylobacter abundance than PA1. PA3 was defined by lower abundance of taxa such as CAG-831 and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Network analysis showed that all enterotypes have different proportions of competing Firmicutes-dominant and Bacteroidota-dominant guilds. Random Forest Modelling using defined farm characteristics was predictive for enterotype.
Conclusions:
This study suggests that enterotypes are influenced by farming practices, hence modification of practices could potentially be used to reduce the burden of zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter.