bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and Molecular Effects of Calcium and Salicylic Acid on Fusarium graminearum-Infected Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Sobhy Sherien , Abo‑Kassem Essam‑Eldeen M. , Saad‑Allah Khalil M. , Hafez Elsayed E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFusarium graminearum is among the most virulent pathogens attacking wheat plants and significantly lowering its production globally. The present work aims to shed light on the interactions between two priming solutions, calcium (Ca) or salicylic acid (SA), and F. graminearum inoculation depending on the growth rate, physiological attributes, and molecular responses in wheat seedlings. In a pot experiment, F. graminearum-pre-inoculated or inoculum-free sandy soil was used to germinate wheat kernels after priming them for 12 h in distilled water, 5-mM CaCl2, or 0.05-mM SA. The results demonstrated that F. graminearum inoculation decreased growth rate and chlorophyll content, but promoted carotenoids, stress markers (electrolytes leakage, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical), antioxidant molecules (AsA, phenols, and flavonoids), osmolytes (GB, amino acids, and proline), and the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX, SOD, PPO, and PAL). Additionally, the fungal infestation boosted the expression of CAT, GR, PR4, MT, and PCS genes. However, presoaking wheat kernels in Ca or SA solutions has contributed to mitigating the negative effects of fungal inoculation by restoring growth rate, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant capacity. It has also decreased the induced oxidative stress and downregulated the gene expression of F. graminearum-inoculated wheat seedlings. Consequently, by minimizing the negative repercussions of F. graminearum infestation, priming with Ca or SA could be used to appropriately stimulate growth and readjust the oxidative status of wheat seedlings.
Restoring tibial obliquity for kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty: conventional versus patient-specific instrumentation
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Koutp Amir , Clar Clemens , Leitner Lukas , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), tibial obliquity-restoration using kinematic alignment (KA) poses a major difference to conventional mechanical alignment. This study aimed at analysing the accuracy of conventional instrumentation (CI) versus patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) to restore anatomic tibial obliquity measured by the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) on conventional X-rays.

Materials and Methods
One-hundred patients were randomized to receive CI (n = 50) or PSI (n = 50) for TKA. Further 100 patients received CI without randomisation, resulting in 200 patients in total (127 women, mean age: 70.7 (range: 48–90 years). Pre- and postoperative X-rays were measured twice by two observers with a 2-week break in-between. Inter- and intraclass correlations were calculated and postoperative tibial obliquity compared to preoperative anatomy.

Results
In 150 patients with CI, no case with tibial obliquity-deviation greater than 2° was found, whilst 21.3% (n = 32) and 0.7% (n = 1) of cases and had a deviation of 0°–1°, and 1°–2°, respectively. In the remaining 78.0% (n = 117), tibial obliquity was restored. In 50 patients with PSI, no single case with a deviation greater than 1° was found. Sixty percent (n = 30) had a deviation of 0°–1°. In the remaining 40.0% (n = 20), no deviation from preoperative measurements was found. Consequently, CI resulted in a significantly smaller change in tibial obliquity from preoperative to postoperative than PSI (p < 0.001). Inter- and intra-class correlations showed a substantial agreement (any ICC > 0.90).

Conclusion
Both conventional and patient-specific instrumentation revealed adequate results with respect to restoring tibial obliquity in kinematically aligned TKA, with conventional instrumentation achieving superior results.
Autonomy in the context of cognitive demands—is the resource becoming a stressor?
Authors: Zolg Sabrina , Herbig Britta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Autonomy is often associated with positive linear effects on health whereas non-linear correlations have received only sporadic attention. Assuming that the use of autonomy also represents a cognitive demand, this study examines whether health effects of autonomy change depending on further cognitive demands and whether curvilinear relationships can be identified.

Methods
A survey was carried out in three SMEs with established work analysis questionnaires. 197 Employees were classified into groups with high and with low cognitive demands by means of a two-step cluster analysis. This was modeled as moderator together with curvilinear effects of autonomy in regression analyses.

Results
Curvilinear associations were found for emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and anxiety. They were strongest for anxiety. No moderating effects of cognitive demands and no consistently significant modeled relations were found.

Conclusion
The results confirm that autonomy has a positive influence on the health of employees. However, autonomy should not be seen as an isolated resource but embedded in the organizational and societal context.
Development of thin-layer chromatography‒densitometry for the quantification of lecithin in dietary supplements
Authors: Starek Małgorzata , Homa Karolina , Stępińska Justyna , Dąbrowska Monika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLecithin is a mixture of phospholipids which naturally occurs in plants and animals cells. This is a component of drugs as well as dietary supplements, which are used to improve memory and concentration, likewise to decrease cholesterol level in blood, decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases and in a lot of other cases. In this paper the quantitative and qualitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine, which is the main component of lecithin, by thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection, was described. First, the method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH); validation results have shown that the method was selective, precise, and accurate in the range of the linearity 0.23–3.21 mg mL−1. Next, described method was used for the quantification of phosphatidylcholine in dietary supplements and drugs containing lecithin. The obtained results, both in terms of the quality of chromatographic separation and statistical evaluation are satisfactory, and the developed analytical procedure may be an alternative to other separation techniques, for the quick analysis of lecithin products.
Comparisons of the effects of two types of titratable mandibular advancement devices on respiratory parameters and upper airway dimensions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shi Xiaoxin , Lobbezoo Frank , Chen Hui , Rosenmöller Boudewijn R. A. M. , Berkhout Erwin , de Lange Jan , Aarab Ghizlane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the effects of two types of titratable mandibular advancement devices (MADs), namely MAD-H (allowing limited vertical opening) and MAD-S (allowing free vertical opening), on respiratory parameters and upper airway dimensions in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Materials and methods
Patients with mild to moderate OSA (5 ≤ apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 30 /h) were randomly assigned to two parallel MAD groups. All MADs were subjectively titrated according to a standardized protocol during a 3-month follow-up. Every patient underwent two polysomnographic recordings, and two cone beam computed tomography scans in supine position: one at baseline and another one after 3 months with the MAD in situ. The primary outcome variables were the AHI in supine position (AHI-supine) and the minimal cross-sectional area of the upper airway in supine position (CSAmin-supine).

Results
A total of 49 patients were recruited, and 31 patients (21 men and 10 women) with a mean (± SD) age of 48.5 (± 13.9) years and a mean AHI of 16.6 (± 6.7) /h completed the study. In the per-protocol analysis, there was no significant difference between MAD-H (n = 16) and MAD-S (n = 15) in their effects on AHI-supine (P = 0.14) and CSAmin-supine (P = 0.59). Similar results were found in the intention-to-treat analysis (P = 0.47 and 0.57, respectively).

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that there is no significant difference in the effects of an MAD allowing limited vertical opening and an MAD allowing free vertical opening on respiratory parameters and upper airway dimensions in patients with mild to moderate OSA.

Clinical relevance
MADs allowing limited vertical opening and allowing free vertical opening have similar effects on respiratory parameters and upper airway dimensions in patients with mild to moderate OSA.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02724865. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02724865
Pitfalls of testing wind turbine control algorithms on nacelle test benches
Authors: Klein Andreas , Basler Maximilian , Abel Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe validation and certification of wind turbines (WT) on nacelle test benches (NTB) is becoming increasingly important in the development process. While for certifiers the advantage lies in controlled test execution, for development departments it lies in testing as many system components as possible in a quasi-final prototype. However, the question arises which practical conditions must be fulfilled so that statements can also be made about WT control. In addition to the errors induced by a mechanical Hardware in the Loop (mHiL) system, the dynamic interactions between the WT controller and the NTB controller applying the mHiL concept are of interest. This analytical work based on simulations aims to systematically investigate how realistic the control behavior of a WT operated on a NTB is. For this purpose, the nominal behavior of a WT is compared with the operation on a NTB under realistic conditions and the resulting differences are subsequently reproduced in a synthetic load case. Finally, the differences are analyzed in terms of system theory. It is found that a frequency-dependent distorted behavior caused by operating the WT on a NTB is responsible for strong deviations compared to the WT operation in field. In the controller configuration studied, gain amplifications up to $$5.17\,\text{dB}$$

5.17

dB

are identified. The distortion is not exclusively caused by the mHiL closed loop behavior, but results from the interaction of all subsystems in both control loops. Therefore, its behavior is identified as a function of the system and controller parameters of both the WT and the NTB.
Modeling language for the function-oriented development of mechatronic systems with motego
Authors: Spütz Kathrin , Jacobs Georg , Zerwas Thilo , Konrad Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs mechatronic products gain in popularity, methods for mastering the complexity of these systems in development become increasingly relevant, such as model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Main pillars of MBSE are method, language and tool. A method specifies procedures in product development. The application of the method is supported by a language and tool as the language specifies a system of symbols with which development artifacts can be represented in a software environment (i.e. tool). Currently, various MBSE methods exist, such as motego. Motego specifies a framework for the function-oriented seamless development of mechatronic systems from requirements to the physical realization down to mechanical and electrical contacts and the description of these via parameters and models. Central element in MBSE is the system model, which connects all relevant development artefacts. The system model is created with a language in a software environment such as Cameo Systems Modeler. In MBSE, the graphical systems modeling language SysML is widely established. The language elements in SysML are very abstract and numerous. As a result, the language is difficult to apply. However, its reasonable applicability is an essential prerequisite for the introduction of the motego methods in industrial practice. This results in the following research need: A specific modeling language for the motego method is needed that supports its reasonable application. Therefore, in this paper a modeling language is presented whose language elements are specifically adapted to the motego method. With the help of this domain specific language, the user is guided through method-compliant modeling.
Direct measurement of input loads for the wind turbine drivetrain under test on a nacelle test bench
Authors: Zhang Hongkun , Pieper Sören , Heller Marcel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModern wind turbines have some of the highest levels of torque and non-torque loads of all industrial sectors. These high loads present a great challenge for the design of wind turbines. On a nacelle test bench, the wind turbine drivetrain can be tested and validated against the design. It is therefore important to measure the correct level of each load and all its dynamic behaviors during the test. The best way to achieve this is to measure the loads directly in front of the drivetrain. This paper presents a method of direct load measurement on the shaft adapter which connects the drivetrain to the test bench. The technical solution and some important details about the instrumentation on the adapter are also presented. Methods of signal nulling as well as signal conversion from raw signals to the loads are compared as well. The measurements obtained are then compared with the applied loads from the test bench which show good agreement. As a special case, the torque measurement is validated and calibrated up to 5 MN m by means of a state-of-the-art torque transducer.
Challenges of applying model-based predictive wind turbine control in the field
Authors: Wintermeyer-Kallen Thorben , Basler Maximilian , Konrad Thomas , Zierath János , Abel Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWind energy plays a significant role in renewable energies. The increasing demand for wind energy has caused wind turbines (WT) to grow steadily larger, which means that the control objectives are no longer solely to maximize the energy produced but to control mechanical loads, among other objectives actively. Model-based WT control, particularly model predictive control (MPC), has been the focus of research for the last decades. Nevertheless, only a few practical investigations of MPC for WTs in field tests exist.This paper highlights some key challenges and pitfalls when applying MPC for WTs. We render these critical points based on the experience of a recently conducted field test and discuss possible solutions for these challenges. In doing so, we highlight the following three critical areas: Firstly, we show how the design and practical operation of an MPC system can take into account the nonlinear properties of the WT. In particular, we address the highly varying sensitivity to the pitch angle and the dynamic responses of the rotor speed and mechanical loads to the actuator commands over the partial and full load ranges. Secondly, we discuss the problem of having limited computational capacities on real-time platforms, restricting the possible complexity of the MPC algorithm. Lastly, we show how some safety aspects decisively influence the design and operation of the control algorithm.
Surrogate model based prediction of transmission error characteristics based on generalized topography deviations
Authors: Willecke Marius , Brimmers Jens , Brecher Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSimulation models of the tooth contact can provide valuable information of the gearbox operational behavior for deviated gears. It is therefore possible to gather geometry and deviation information of the two gears in contact and then estimate how they will perform in the assembled unit before even mounting them. This procedure could save time and costs used to disassemble gear boxes which fail the end of line tests because of acoustic reasons. The major challenge using sophisticated simulation models, which can describe the tooth contact is the tremendous amount of calculation time they need to produce suit-able results. In a productive gearbox manufacturing process this time is just not available. Therefore, a method to predict the operational behavior faster, than with the current used simulation models is needed. Firstly the size of the problem is downsized by introducing the sum deviation surface. It allows to reduce the number of necessary input parameters for a gear topography description to eighteen factors. With the help of that sum deviation surface, 3000 variants within a given variation space are calculated. The resulting training dataset is used to develop a deep neural network meta-model of the gear contact, which can predict the characteristics of the transmission error under load. With the help of that meta-model, the excitation of a gear pair can be predicted faster than real-time.
Traceable efficiency determination of a 2.75 MW nacelle on a test bench
Authors: Song Zihang , Weidinger Paula , Zweiffel Maximilian , Dubowik Alexander , Mester Christian , Yogal Nijan , Oliveira Rafael Soares 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the efficiency of a 2.75 MW nacelle drivetrain on a test bench was determined traceably at various load points. For this purpose, so-called transfer standards for mechanical and electrical power measurement were additionally installed and integrated into the nacelle drivetrain. As torque measurement contributes greatly to the overall uncertainty, the static torque calibration was expanded to include additional influences present under rotation. An overall system efficiency of 89% was measured in the high torque and high speed range. The relative expanded measurement uncertainty for efficiency determination was between 0.30% and 0.72% over the entire operating range. Both the efficiency and the relative expanded measurement uncertainty were calculated for each operating point.
A discussion on the characterization of grid emulators by apparent power rating and short-circuit power
Authors: Grune Rayk , Geske Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWind turbines are a driving force in the change towards renewable energies today. Offshore wind turbines have reached power ratings around 15 MW, and the growth continues. Grid emulators have become inevitable for the test and validation of wind turbines and subsystems at full scale. Yet, large investments for new installations present major challenges.Therefore, the following discussion outlines basic design aspects for the grid emulator main components: converter, transformer, and filter. The aim is to clarify the implications of requirements on the design to exhaust ratings for minimum investments, and to satisfy testing against the most recent standards and grid codes. Appropriate ratings are derived based on steady-state and transient test needs. It is shown how much overrating is specifically needed and why the converter is usually rated a multiple compared to the device under test. Further dimensioning criteria such as power quality, switching frequency, and filter size are discussed in this context.Finally, the capacity of grid emulators is often characterized by the short-circuit power. Two essentially different variants of short-circuit power are introduced, either being dependent on the converter peak current or the passive components impedance. While the first one reveals the overload capability, the latter represents a proper measure for grid strength. However, the emulated grid strength can be adjusted in a limited bandwidth using impedance control. The concept might be confusing at first glance, but it effectively decouples the virtual short-circuit power from the ratings of the power hardware.
Prediction of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in patients with anti-synthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Fu Hongyan , Zheng Ziyao , Zhang Zhenping , Yang Yanjuan , Cui Jieda , Wang Zhaojun , Xue Jing , Chi Shuhong , Cao Mengshu , Chen Juan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extramuscular manifestation of the anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). Patients with ASS-ILD are at risk in developing a progressive fibrosing phenotype despite appropriate treatments. This study investigated the risk factors and the predictive value of multiple risk factors for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in patients with ASS-ILD.

Methods
Ninety patients with a diagnosis of ASS and evidence of ILD on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were recruited. Among them, 72 participants completed follow-up for more than 12 months. These patients were further divided into a PPF-ASS group (n = 18) and a non-PPF-ASS group (n = 54). Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the risk factors for PPF. The predictive value of the combined risk factors for predicting PPF were analyzed by a ROC curve.

Results
The PPF-ASS group had a higher rate of positive non-Jo-1 antibodies, a significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%pred) than the non-PPF-ASS group. In addition, elevated serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) level and reticular opacities were significantly more common, and corticosteroid monotherapy at onset was administered more frequently in the PPF-ASS group. The median duration of follow-up was 37.4 months, survival was poorer in the PPF-ASS group, and the overall survival was 88.9%. Multivariate regression analysis further revealed that positive non-Jo-1 antibodies, NLR, and KL-6 were independent risk factors for PPF. These combined indexes had good accuracy (area under the curve = 0.874) in predicting PPF in patients with ASS-ILD.

Conclusion
Positive non-Jo-1 antibodies, NLR, and serum KL-6 are independent risk factors for PPF in patients with ASS-ILD. Monitoring these markers can potentially predict PPF in this group of patients.

Key Points

• Positive non-Jo-1 antibodies, NLR, and serum KL-6 are independent risk factors associated with PPF in patients with ASS-ILD.

• Monitoring non-Jo-1 antibodies, NLR, and serum KL-6 can potentially predict PPF in patients with ASS-ILD.