bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between adverse childhood experiences and oral health: A systematic review
Authors: Bahanan Lina , Ayoub Solafa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIt is well established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively affect health and are associated with health‐risk behaviors. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of the studies that examine the relationship between ACE exposure and oral health among adults aged 18 years and older.MethodsThe following electronic databases were searched in January 2022: MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.ResultsAmong the 292 articles identified, four met the eligibility criteria. All included studies were cross‐sectional and of satisfactory quality. The dental outcomes included: last dental visit, last dental cleaning, number of filled teeth, number of extracted teeth, and number of remaining teeth. The studies showed that exposure to ACE was negatively associated with oral health. The relationship between ACE score and oral health outcome measures was found to be directly proportional.ConclusionThere is an association between ACE and poor oral health. Moreover, the association was proven to have a dose–response relationship. Given that the studies in the literature were cross‐sectional, causality cannot be determined with certainty, therefore interpretation of the results should be cautious. Longitudinal follow‐up studies are needed to understand how ACEs contribute to oral diseases later in life.
A comparison of critical access hospitals and other rural acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania
Authors: Pai Dinesh R. , Dissanayake Chamila K. , Anna Anna M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeAs the Flex Program celebrates its 25th anniversary, we examined changes in critical access hospital (CAH) financial performance, investigated whether CAH status has reduced hospitals’ financial vulnerability, and identified factors influencing financial performance.MethodsWe collected data on acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania's rural counties for 2000‐20. Our sample contained 1,444 hospital‐year observations. We used trend analysis to compare the financial performance of CAHs and rural prospective payment system (PPS) hospitals (non‐CAHs). We investigated the effect of CAH status on financial performance and identified the time‐variant factors impacting financial performance using fixed‐effects regression analysis.ResultsThe median total margin of CAHs lagged behind that of non‐CAHs. When compared to non‐CAH costs over the same period, the median cost per patient day incurred by CAHs has increased, with the rate of increase being significantly higher in the most recent decade. Our findings show that while CAH status does not appear to have a direct impact on the total margin, it is significantly associated with a higher cost per patient day.ConclusionsCAHs in Pennsylvania appear to be facing a double whammy of declining margins and rising costs compared to non‐CAHs. Our findings demonstrate how crucial the Flex program has been in sustaining CAHs in Pennsylvania ever since its inception. Our findings have implications for rural health care delivery as well. While providing financial support and operational flexibility to CAHs should be a continuing policy priority, a long‐term policy goal should be to envision an economic development strategy that capitalizes on the unique strengths of each of the rural archetypes.
Empowering preservice English teachers with language assessment literacy concepts and practices: Application of Vygotskian concept‐based language instruction
Authors: Kao Yu–Ting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLanguage teachers are expected to engage in classroom assessment practices and report on learners’ progress aligned with proficiency standards, as well as prepare learners for external examinations. The term “language assessment literacy” (LAL) describes what the constituency of language instructors needs to know about assessment matters. Traditionally, a top‐down perspective has been provided for language teachers, such as through textbooks and testing courses. However, the result of this top‐down, decontextualized approach is that teachers often seem unable to influence and change the policy. Accordingly, this article reports on a study framed within sociocultural theory, in which a group of preservice English teachers applied Gal'perin's model of systemic theoretical instruction, brought into second language education as concept‐based language instruction (C‐BLI), to internalize and apply LAL concepts in instructional contexts. Results of the study suggest that C‐BLI was more effective than a top‐down, textbook‐based teaching approach in facilitating preservice teachers’ understanding of LAL concepts. It also helped them become active agents of their own language‐testing practice. Implications of the study are trifold. First, the C‐BLI intervention empowered preservice teachers on the design of classroom‐based assessments. Second, it brought positive washback to the instructional plan and English curricula. Third, the intervention helped form the dialectical unity of theory and practice, which contributed to the teachers’ professional development in English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language contexts.
A multicenter, prospective, observational study to assess the satisfaction of an integrated digital platform of online medical care and remote patient monitoring in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shiraishi Makoto , Kamo Tsutomu , Kumazawa Ryuya , Sasaki Naoshi , Isahaya Kenji , Akiyama Hisanao , Furusawa Yoshihiko , Onodera Reiko , Fernandez Jovelle , Otsuka Masaru , Yamano Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) progress, visits to medical clinics for patients and caregivers become burdensome.AimThe aim of this study is to examine satisfaction with an integrated digital platform (online medical examination, online medication instruction, drug delivery, and remote patient monitoring) in PD.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, observational pilot study (July 2020–March 2021), comprising face‐to‐face (weeks 0–4) and online (weeks 5–16) periods, included patients with PD aged ≥20 years capable of visiting a clinic. PD symptoms were collected via a smartwatch and mobile phone. Patient‐assessed (primary objective) and caregiver‐ and physician‐assessed (secondary objectives) satisfaction was evaluated using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire‐8 (CSQ‐8) and a self‐completed questionnaire, respectively. Changes in patient and caregiver burden were also assessed (exploratory objective).ResultsThirty patients, 15 caregivers, and six physicians participated. The mean (SD) age of patients was 66.7 (8.5) years, 63.3% were male, mean (SD) duration of disease was 8.04 (5.4) years. CSQ‐8 total mean (SD) score was 25.6 (3.06), 25.7 (3.05), and 23.2 (3.96) at week 0 (n = 30), week 4 (n = 30), and week 16 (n = 29), respectively. Assessment of the individual components of the digital platform indicated a degree of satisfaction with online medical examination and online medication instruction and drug delivery; satisfaction with remote patient monitoring was moderate. During the online period, patient and caregiver burdens were reduced.ConclusionPatients, caregivers, and physicians were satisfied with the integrated digital platform. Future research to prove the medical usefulness of this platform is required.
Preoperative clear fluid fasting and endoscopy‐measured gastric fluid volume in children
Authors: Aschkenasy Gabriella , Leder Oren , Pardes Rivka , Nir Eshel A. , Shteyer Eyal , Orlanski‐Meyer Esther , Turner Dan , Gozal Yaacov 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn light of new recommendations to shorten clear fluid fasting time before anesthesia, our study aimed at exploring residual fluid volume in the stomach after different fasting times. We intended to perform direct endoscopic aspiration of stomach contents under vision, as part of routine gastroscopy assessment. Hereby we would be able to quantify true residual gastric fluid volume and acidity in children and measure their correlation with fasting times.MethodsThe study was performed as a single‐center, prospective study in pediatric perioperative day care at a university‐affiliated tertiary care center. Aspiration of gastric fluid contents was performed in anesthetized children aged 1–18 years undergoing an elective gastroscopy. Recorded data included patient fast time, last meal content, last clear fluid content, and aspirated gastric volume and pH, as well as patient characteristics.ResultsWe included 253 gastroscopies, performed in 245 children. Mean fasting time for clear fluids was 6.9 h (range 1 h 40 min – 18 h 35 min) (SD 4.5). Mean age was 9.8 years (SD 5.1) and mean body weight was 33.2 kg (SD 18.7). Mean residual gastric volume was 12 mL (0–90) (SD 13.5) or 0.34 mL/kg (SD 0.37) and mean pH was 1.5 (SD 0.9). No significant correlation was observed between clear fluid fasting time and the child's residual gastric fluid volume per kg body weight (r = −.103, p = .1), nor between clear fluid fasting time and the pH of the residual gastric fluid (r = −.07, p = .3). In more than half of the patients the residual gastric volume was less than 10 mL, unrelated to fasting time.ConclusionsIn children undergoing gastroscopy, we could not demonstrate any association between clear fluid fasting time and the child's residual gastric fluid volume per kg body weight. Since we did not see a clinically relevant association between clear fluids fasting time and gastric residual volume, this study may support the recommendation to shorten clear fluids fasting time.
Brain tuberculoma in pediatric heart transplant recipient
Authors: de Oliveira Pedro Carpini , Braz Corbi Maria Julia de Aro , Siqueira Adailson Wagner da Silva , Navajasegaran Joshua , Mesquita Ana Sofia Silva , Frassetto Fernando Pereira , Jatene Marcelo Bisceglli , Ikari Nana Miura , Azeka Estela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionHeart transplantation is the standard treatment for end‐stage heart disease. Despite advances in the field, patients remain under risk of developing complications, including opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis. We present the unprecedented case of cerebral tuberculoma in a 9‐year‐old heart transplant recipient.Case ScenarioA 9‐year‐old female child, who underwent heart transplantation in December 2020, was admitted to the emergency department in September 2021 due to headache and vomiting. She had normal vital signs and a mild left hemiparesis. Laboratory findings included lymphopenia and a low C Reactive Protein and brain images showed expansive lesions. A biopsy of the intracranial lesion was performed and anatomopathological analysis was compatible with tuberculoma. After the diagnosis was established, treatment protocol for neurotuberculosis was initiated, the patient had a satisfactory clinical evolution and was discharged 22 days after admission.DiscussionClinical manifestation of tuberculosis usually occurs up to 6 months after transplantation, the findings are commonly atypical and symptoms may be mild. We could not find in medical literature any description of the disease in a heart transplant recipient as young as the one presented in this case report. We documented great response to treatment, even though conventional antituberculosis therapy may interfere with immunosuppression.ConclusionPatients in the postoperative period following heart transplantation are at high risk for developing opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, which may present with atypical symptoms. Therefore the clinician must have a high index of suspicion in order to make the correct diagnosis and promptly start treatment.
Tandem high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation: An infant with trilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: Toret Ersin , Ozdemir Zeynep Canan , Zengin Ersoy Gizem , Oztunali Cigdem , Bozkurt Ceyhun , Kebudi Rejin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. Advanced RB, associated with exceedingly poor prognosis, requires more intensive multiagent chemotherapy than conventional regimens. Rescue of the bone marrow after intensive chemotherapy is achieved with stem cell transplantation. The sequential courses (tandem transplantation) of high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation allow for even greater dose intensity in consolidation with the potential to use different active chemotherapeutics at each transplant and have proven feasible and successful in treating children with recurrent/refractory solid tumors.Case DescriptionWe report an infant with trilateral high‐risk RB who received tandem high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation after the conventional chemotherapy. A 5‐month‐old female patient presented with strabismus, and the ophthalmoscopic examination showed intraocular tumoral lesions in both eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concluded the trilateral retinoblastoma diagnosis due to a tumoral mass in the optic chiasm. The follow‐up ophthalmologic examinations and the MRI detected stable disease after six cycles of multiagent chemotherapy.ConclusionsRescue with autologous stem cell transplantation after HDC allows for an increase in chemotherapy intensity. Tandem transplantation provides the chance to perform different chemotherapeutics at each transplant and enables an increase in the chemotherapy intensity, thus providing a positive effect on disease‐free survival.
Time from kidney failure onset to transplantation and its impact on growth in pediatric patients
Authors: Rheda Regina Gabriela Garcia , Pereira Aline Maria Luiz , Pestana José Medina , Koch Nogueira Paulo Cesar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn children with kidney failure, the longer the duration of dialysis the greater the impact on growth deficit, quality of life, and life expectancy. The aim of this research is to test whether there was a shortening of treatment time from kidney failure to transplantation in pediatric patients and whether this time interval impacted height.MethodsObservational retrospective cohort study from 2005 to 2018. The first outcome variable was time to transplantation in years, while the second was height/age standard deviation score (SDS) at transplantation. Cox regression models were used to analyze time from disease to transplantation and linear regression was employed to test the association of the year of kidney failure onset with height.ResultsA total of 780 children were evaluated and 517 underwent kidney transplantation after a median time of 1.9 years (IQR = 1.0–4.0). The variables significantly associated with time to transplant were: year of kidney failure onset (HR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05–1.10; p < .001), age at kidney failure onset <12 years (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.49–0.71; p < .001), living in different state as transplant center (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.53–0.77; p < .001), and undergoing blood transfusion before transplantation (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.53–0.75; p < .001). Regarding growth, for each 1‐year increase in the epoch of kidney failure onset, a 0.05 SDS raise in height/age is expected (p < .001).ConclusionChildren with recent kidney failure onset had significantly lower time to the outcome and this reduction was associated with a less severe growth deficit.
Attention, institutional friction, and punctuated equilibrium in China's budget: Changes in social security and employment expenditure
Authors: Peng Peiwen , Cao Tangzhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on the literature on punctuated equilibrium theory (PET), we conducted an empirical analysis on the changes in China's social security and employment budget expenditure at the subnational level from 2009 to 2020. We calculated the kurtosis value for 31 provinces to check whether they conform to PET. We used the number of policy documents and resource congestion as indicators of attention allocation and decision cost, respectively, to determine the impacts they have on budget changes. We then performed regression with a fixed effect model. The results show that the budgetary changes of only 20 provinces obey a leptokurtic distribution. Moreover, the allocation of attention by decision makers and institutional friction can explain this pattern of change. This article enriches the empirical study and extends its applicability to PET at the subnational level, especially in authoritarian regimes such as China, and provides some evidence for subsequent research on selecting indicators.Related ArticlesKwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. “Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 300–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295.Modlin, Steve. 2008. “Defining Involvement of County Commissioners in the Budget Formulation Process.” Politics & Policy 36(6): 1044–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00149.x.Moreno‐Enguix, María Del Rocío, and Laura Vanesa Lorente Bayona. 2017. “Factors Affecting Public Expenditure Efficiency in Developed Countries.” Politics & Policy 45(1): 105–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12194.
Physiological and biochemical regulation of tobacco by oxathiapiprolin under Phytophthora nicotianae infection
Authors: Jiao Qin , Deng Jiahui , Zhao Xiaoyan , Yao Xiangfeng , Li Min , Pei Zhouyang , Li Xiangdong , Jiang Xingyin , Zhang Fengwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a fungicide, oxathiapiprolin has excellent effects on diseases caused by oomycetes. Fungicides generally protect crops by inhibiting pathogens, but little research has addressed the effects of fungicides on crops. This study combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to systematically analyze the physiological regulatory mechanisms of oxathiapiprolin on tobacco under Phytophthora nicotianae infection. The results showed that under P. nicotianae infection, tobacco's photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity increased after the application of oxathiapiprolin. Omics results showed that the genes related to carbon metabolism, disease‐resistant proteins, and amino acid synthesis were highly expressed, and the amino acid content increased in tobacco leaves. This study is the first comprehensive investigation of the physiological regulatory effects of oxathiapiprolin on tobacco in response to P. nicotianae infection. These findings provide a basis for the balance between regulating tobacco growth and development and enhancing disease resistance under the stimulation of oxathiapiprolin and provide new research and development opportunities for identifying new disease‐resistance genes and the development of high‐yielding disease‐resistant crop varieties.
High intensity and sprint interval training, and work‐related cognitive function in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Gilson Nicholas D. , Andersson Dan , Papinczak Zoe E. , Rutherford Zoe , John Julie , Coombes Jeff S. , Brown Wendy J. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo assess evidence on the impact of acute and chronic high intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on work‐related performance tests of cognitive function in adults.MethodsThe databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles up to August 2022. Eligible studies assessed the effects of HIIT (70%–100% VO2max) and/or SIT (≥100% VO2max) on cognitive function test scores in cognitively healthy adults, relative to a control or comparative exercise group/condition. Data on participant characteristics, exercise protocol, key outcomes, and intervention setting were extracted. Study quality was assessed using a 9 (single session HIIT/SIT) and 14 (multiple session HIIT/SIT) item checklist.ResultsThirty‐six studies (15 countries; n = 11–945 participants) met inclusion criteria. Mean quality scores were “fair‐to‐good” for acute (single session; mean = 6.9 [SD 1.0]) and chronic (multiple session; mean = 9.8 [SD 1.6]) training studies. Eighteen from 36 studies (12/20 [55%] acute and 6/16 [38%] chronic training studies) evidenced significant improvements in aspects of cognitive function related to work performance (i.e., attention, inhibition, memory, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, intelligence, reaction time, and learning). Only four studies tested the impact of HIIT/SIT on cognitive function in a work‐based setting (e.g., the office or home).ConclusionsWhile there is promising evidence, particularly from acute training studies, to indicate that high intensity, short duration exercise benefits cognitive function in adults, there is very limited evidence of application in workplace contexts. To better understand the potential benefits to employee performance and safety, HIIT/SIT and cognitive function research needs to transition from laboratory to “in‐situ” occupational settings.
Research note: Rise in violence against U.S. mayors: 2017 to 2021
Authors: Herrick Rebekah , Thomas Sue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is an emerging literature in the United States about violence against officeholders, to date there is no research examining trends in violence against U.S. politicians.ObjectivesTo examine whether volence against US mayors increased from 2017 to 2021 and whether social and political factors help account for the rise.Methodswe report the results of two surveys of mayors in the United States: one in 2017 and the other in 2021. We compare the results of the two surveys and report on mayors' perceptions of changes in the rates of violence.ResultsWe find that psychological and physical violence against mayors have risen between 2017 and 2021 and that several momentous political events of those years are associated with mayors’ perceptions of increases in violence. In specific, levels of partisanship, the rise and conduct of the Trump presidency and its aftermath, and public reactions to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic were significantly associated with mayoral perceptions of rises in violence.ConclusionThat violence against US mayors is high and increasing raises concerns about the health of our democracy as it may limit the pool of Americans willing to run for office.