bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explanation of Gegen Qinlian Decoction Syndrome and Its Clinical Application
Authors: Liu Min , Jiang Hao , Xu Luoxi , Ying Juntang , Wang Qingguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGegen Qinlian Decoction is one of the commonly used classical prescriptions, which consists of four herbs: Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Zhigancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. The clinical application experience of Gegen Qinlian Decoction is as follows: first, according to Zhongjing Zhang's original text, heat distressing the large intestine with unresolved exterior syndrome is the original meaning of Gegen Qinlian Decoction syndrome. In clinical practice, bacillary dysentery, gastrointestinal cold, etc., belong to simultaneous exterior and interior disease, which are completely consistent with the original meaning of this prescription; second, the clinical digestive system diseases with exuberant heat of the large intestine as the core manifestation cannot be treated merely based on the exterior syndrome; third, due to the interior–exterior relationship between the lung and the large intestine and between the meridians, the use of Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) can make the source of body clear, and the waste qi can be released and the pore can be easily opened, so this prescription can also be used for exogenous fever; fourth, with multidimensional comprehensive understanding of the syndrome, pathogenesis, symptoms and pharmacology, Gegen Qinlian Decoction has also been further applied to the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, etc.
Maternal Plasma Choline during Gestation and Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: Hoffman Maria C. , Hunter Sharon J. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Christians Uwe , Law Amanda J. , Freedman Robert 
Published: December 2022

Objective Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are at increased risk for neonatal morbidity and developmental problems in childhood. No current interventions during human pregnancy address this problem. This study investigated the possible relationship between maternal choline concentration during pregnancy and SGA infants.
Study Design Maternal plasma choline concentrations were sampled at 16 and 28 weeks' gestation from women in a public prenatal clinic. Additional factors assessed were maternal age, body mass index, infection, C-reactive protein, hair cortisol, and compliance with prenatal vitamins and folate. Infants below the 10th percentile for gestational age were classified as SGA. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant associated factors in pregnancies resulting in SGA infants compared with pregnancies resulting in non-SGA infants.
Results Thirteen (8%) of 159 women had SGA infants. Maternal plasma choline concentrations were low for pregnant participants whose infants were SGA, with the 28-week concentration significantly lower compared with other participants. Plasma choline concentrations ≥7 μM at 28 weeks, consistent with a minimally adequate dietary intake of choline-containing foods, were achieved by only 2 (15%) of mothers with SGA infants, compared with 51% of mothers whose infants were not SGA. Choline concentrations <7 μM at 28 weeks' gestation were associated with an odds ratio for SGA of 16.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.5–189.2, p = 0.023). Other significant factors were female sex and maternal C-reactive protein plasma concentration during gestation.
Conclusion This observational study suggests that higher maternal choline levels may influence the risk for SGA. Maternal plasma choline concentrations are not routinely available in clinical laboratories. However, plasma choline levels can be increased by the mothers' intake of choline or phosphatidylcholine supplements. No nutritional intervention is currently recommended to prevent SGA, but the evidence from this study suggests that further consideration of the role of maternal choline may be warranted.
Key Points
Heart Rate Variability in Children with Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Martin Sophie , Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Seely Andrew J. E. , Emeriaud Guillaume , Herry Christophe L. , Recher Morgan , Lacroix Jacques , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of continuous monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and collect preliminary data on the association between HRV, neurological outcome, and complications. This is a prospective observational cohort study in a tertiary academic PICU. Children admitted to the PICU ≤24 hours after moderate or severe TBI were included in the study. Children suspected of being brain dead at PICU entry or with a pacemaker were excluded. Children underwent continuous monitoring of electrocardiographic (ECG) waveforms over 7 days post-TBI. HRV analysis was performed retrospectively, using a standardized, validated HRV analysis software (CIMVA). The occurrence of medical complications (“event”: intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, seizure, and cardiac arrest) was prospectively documented. Outcome of children 6 months post-TBI was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended Pediatric (GOS-E Peds). Fifteen patients were included over a 20-month period. Thirteen patients had ECG recordings available and 4 had >20% of missing ECG data. When ECG was available, HRV calculation was feasible (average 88%; range 70–97%). Significant decrease in overall HRV coefficient of variation and Poincaré SD2 (p < 0.05) at 6 hours post–PICU admission was associated with an unfavorable outcome (defined as GOS-E Peds ≥ 3, or a deterioration of ≥2 points over baseline score). Several HRV metrics exhibited significant and nonsignificant variation in HRV during event. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to monitor HRV in the PICU provided ECG data are available; however, missing ECG data are not uncommon. These preliminary data suggest that altered HRV is associated with unfavorable neurological outcome and in-hospital medical complications. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore if HRV offers reliable and clinically useful prediction data that may help clinical decision making.
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission among Students after the Full Reopening of Schools
Authors: Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Akça Halise , Akça Çağlar Ayla , Kurt Funda , Akcan Yıldız Leman , Şenel Saliha , Karacan Can Demir 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective Closing of schools within the scope of the pandemic measures and switching to online education have negatively affected the mental and physical health of children as well as their education. The effect of complete reopening of schools on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not fully known. In the 2021–2022 academic year, the Ministry of National Education of Türkiye has decided to continue face-to-face education at all levels and in all private and public schools, by following a series of measures. There are no studies on school transmission reported from Türkiye since then. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in schools by evaluating the data of the school contact screening outpatient clinic of a tertiary children's hospital.
Methods According to the Ministry of National Education guidelines in Türkiye, all students in a class with two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed COVID-19 cases are sent to their homes and have a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test on the fifth day. While the students with negative test results return to school, students who test positive continue to stay at home until the 10th day. The current study retrospectively analyzed the screening results of primary, middle, and high school students who presented at the school contact screening polyclinic during the first semester of the 2021–2022 academic season.
Results There were a total of 11,608 presentations to the school contact screening polyclinic, and 1,107 children tested positive with SARS-CoV-2 PCR (9.5%). The median weekly positivity rate was 9.7% in primary school, 9.4% in middle school, and 5.6% in high school. The weekly positivity rate increased from the 16th week at all school levels; the positivity rates ran in parallel before this time but significantly increased from the 16th week to the half-term break.
Conclusion The curve of the positivity rates in schools was similar to Türkiye's pandemic curve. In this respect, the low SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools correlated with the low number of cases in the community.
Impacts of mental fatigue and sport specific film sessions on basketball shooting tasks
Authors: Daub Bryce D. , McLean Blake D. , Heishman Aaron D. , Peak Keldon M. , Coutts Aaron J. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of mental fatigue on basketball specific shooting performance, utilising the newly developed basketball Standardized Shooting Task (SST).MethodsFifteen male elite NCAA Division 1 collegiate basketball players (Age 20.2 ± 1.2 y, height 199.3 ± 7.1 cm, body mass 93.1 ± 8.6 kg) volunteered to participate in a randomised, counterbalanced crossover design undergoing three conditions (Control, Stroop, and Film). The task, performed on three consecutive days, was comprised of 60 free throw attempts followed by a 4‐minute spot‐to‐spot shooting.ResultsVisual Analog Scales revealed significantly higher levels of mental fatigue following the Stroop (54.2 ± 24.5) condition compared to the Control (24.5 ± 16.2) and higher levels of mental effort in the Stroop (61.0 ± 31.3) and Film (49.9 ± 27.7) compared to the Control (14.0 ± 18.5). No significant differences were observed for Motivation among groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant decrease (p = 0.006) in number of shots made in 4‐minutes (MAKE4MIN; control = 49.5 ± 10.2, Stroop = 44.0 ± 10.6, and Film = 45.1 ± 11.7) and shots missed in 4‐minutes (MISS4MIN; control = 27.3 ± 7.0, Stroop = 30.9 ± 7.1, and Film = 30.9 ± 7.6). No significant differences were detected for any other performance variables.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that mental fatigue negatively impacts basketball shooting performance in elite collegiate basketball players. We suggest that practitioners and coaches encourage athletes to abstain from cognitively demanding tasks prior to basketball competition.
A study of the effective Hamiltonian method for decay dynamics*
Authors: Chen Jing , Shan Xinyu , Wang Xiaoyun , Huang Yonggang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The decay dynamic of an excited quantum emitter (QE) is one of the most important contents in quantum optics. It has been widely applied in the field of quantum computing and quantum state manipulation. When the electromagnetic environment is described by several pseudomodes, the effective Hamiltonian method based on the multi-mode Jaynes–Cummings model provides a clear physical picture and a simple and convenient way to solve the decay dynamics. However, in previous studies, only the resonant modes are taken into account, while the non-resonant contributions are ignored. In this work, we study the applicability and accuracy of the effective Hamiltonian method for the decay dynamics. We consider different coupling strengths between a two-level QE and a gold nanosphere. The results for dynamics by the resolvent operator technique are used as a reference. Numerical results show that the effective Hamiltonian method provides accurate results when the two-level QE is resonant with the plasmon. However, when the detuning is large, the effective Hamiltonian method is not accurate. In addition, the effective Hamiltonian method cannot be applied when there is a bound state between the QE and the plasmon. These results are of great significance to the study of the decay dynamics in micro-nano structures described by quasi-normal modes.
Comparative study of ultrashort single-pulse and multi-pulse driven laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Singh Dhananjay K , Malik Hitendra K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a promising technique to build compact and powerful particle accelerators. In such accelerators, the electric fields required to accelerate charged particles are sustained by electron density modulations in the plasma. The plasma wave modulating the electron density may be excited by an intense laser pulse. However, propagation of intense laser pulse in plasma is subject to various instabilities which result in significant losses of laser energy, reducing the efficiency of wakefield generation. Using a train of lower intensity pulses instead of a single higher intensity pulse appears to be a more efficient scheme for LWFA. Here we have studied this alternative scheme by applying an ultra-short femtosecond Gaussian laser beam consisting pulse train of a various number of pulses in different cases to underdense plasma. The plasma density modulation and strength of the resulting wakefield have been compared in various cases of multi-pulse and single-pulse lasers, for the same amount of input energies. Here we demonstrate that applying multi-laser pulses of optimally selected lower intensities and proper spacing leads to stronger wakefield generation and more efficient electron acceleration compared to the case of a single pulse of higher energy.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of a cryogenically cooled Nd:YAG laser with dual-wavelength at 946 and 1061 nm
Authors: Song Yan-Jie , Zong Nan , Chen Zhong-Zheng , Shen Yu , Zhang Lu-Na , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A diode-end-pumped cryogenically cooled Nd:YAG laser is demonstrated with dual-wavelengths at 946 nm and 1061 nm. As temperature varies from 300 K to 190 K, a transition occur from single-wavelength at 946 nm to dual-wavelength at 946 nm and 1061 nm. Only the line at 1061 nm oscillated for the temperature less than 180 K. Moreover, a theoretical simulation of oscillation condition at cryogenic temperatures is implemented, leading a deep insight into the physical mechanism of dual-wavelength generation.
In vitro and molecular docking of α-Glucosidase inhibitor potency from Artabotrys suaveolens leaf and stem bark
Authors: Rosa D , Elya B , Hanafi M , Khatib A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Artabotrys suaveolens is one of the species from Artabotrys genus, one of the largest genus from Annonaceae family. This plant has been used traditionally to treat several diseases and also as emmenagogue. This research was aimed to explore the potency of Artabotrys suaveolens`s leaf and stem bark extracts as α-glucosidase inhibitor using in vitro and molecular docking techniques. It was found that IC50 of α-glucosidase inhibition activity of leaf extract was 48.18±0.16 ppm while the one of stem bark extract was 44.99±0.35 ppm. Besides that, it was also found that IC50 of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of leaf extract was 114.074 ppm and of stem bark extract was 63.640 ppm. Further analysis indicated that α-glucosidase inhibition activity had stronger relationship with antioxidant activity in leaf extract compared to that in stem bark extract. Using LC-MS/MS, 23 compound structures were identified from leaf and stem bark extracts which were then analyzed using simulations of molecular docking to α-glucosidase receptor. The molecular docking results showed that several compounds both from leaf and stem bark extracts had good affinities to α-glucosidase receptor.
In vitro ultra violet (UV) protection of curculigo latifolia extract as a sunscreen candidate
Authors: Nur S , Hanafi M , Setiawan H , Elya B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Curculigo latifolia is a local plant from the Amaryllidaceae tribe, which the community in empirical medicine has widely used. This study aims to determine the bioactivity of C. latifolia extract as a sunscreen carried out in vitro to obtain scientific data to be developed as a raw sunscreen material. The dried simplicia powder from the roots, stems, and leaves of C. latifolia was extracted by graded maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol (70% v/v) to obtain an extract. Each extract from plant parts was observed for the sunscreen profile in absorbing UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) rays with a UV spectrophotometer. Each extract was tested for UV protection with several test parameters, i.e., the percentage of erythema, pigmentation transmission, and sun protective factor (SPF). The results of sunscreen profiles in absorbing UVB and UVA showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts in roots, stems, and leaves could absorb UVB, and some of the extracts absorb UVA. Leaf hexane extract (LH) gave the highest UVB and UVA absorption of 1.192 and 1.804, respectively, compared to other extracts. The extract showed the ability to protect against erythema and pigmentation with the categories of fast tanning (root ethanol, stem ethanol, stem hexane, and root hexane extract), total block (root, stem, and leaf ethyl acetate extract), and regular suntan (leaf hexane extract). The results of SPF parameters showed that leaf hexane extract (LH), root ethyl acetate (REA), stem ethyl acetate (SEA), and leaf ethyl acetate (LEA) at a concentration of 250 ppm gave an ultra-protective effect with an SPF value of 23.65, 16.5, 22.5 and 23.03 respectively. The test results show that the extract of C. latifolia has the potential as a sunscreen with ultra-protection against UVA and UVB rays.
Analysis of airflow distribution on urban mini plant factory using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Suwardana R , Nugroho A P , Prasetyatama Y D , Falah M A F , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Limited land for agricultural cultivation in urban areas makes it difficult to fulfill for healthy and sustainable food. Mini Plant Factory is an alternative to produce food, especially vegetables. In the Mini Plant Factory, the distribution of air flow is one thing that must be considered because the air flow will affect the growth of the plants in it so it is necessary to do an analysis to determine the good air flow in the mini plant factory using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The purpose of this study was to analyse the aeration of the air flow in the mini plant factory using Computational Fluid Dynamics. This research was carried out at smart agriculture UGM, in this study using a mini plant factory measuring 70 x 40 x 150 cm, which is equipped with a temperature sensor (DHT 22) of 1 units in each shelf and 1 unit on the outside for measure environmental conditions, with a total number of 4 temperature sensors,, the mini plant factory is also equipped with an automatic nutrition system that is integrated with the cloud, and is equipped with artificial lighting. CFD analysis was carried out using the Ansys 2022 software, the laptop specifications used were AMD Ryzen 7 4800 H, NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050. Temperature data was measured during the observation period. The analysis method in CFD has several stages, namely preparation, meshing workflow, mesh, models, materials, boundary conditions, solution and post-processing. The last part is data validation, namely by making a comparison between the CFD results and the actual data, then calculating the error value using MAPE. The expected result are visualisation various distribution of aeration temperatures inside mini plant factory, optimum aeration design for mini plant factory.
Workload analysis on the operation of a type II pivot trailer on a hand tractor using tire wheels in oil palm plantations
Authors: Dhafir M , Idkham M , Ayyubi M K A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In general, several oil palm fields in Indonesia have different slopes, so that the path on the land is difficult for farmers to pass in the process of transporting palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The slope of the land and the difficult path causes a lot of workload incurred by farmers. The pivot II type trailer which is the development of the pivot type trailer is expected to reduce the workload of farmers in transporting the oil palm FFB. The purpose of the study was to analyze the operator’s workload on the operation of a pivot II type trailer using a hand tractor using tires as a drive in oil palm plantations. Analysis of workload when operating a pivot II trailer using the heart rate method on three subjects with various variations in trajectories, turns and trailer loads. The results of this study indicate that the qualitative workload level of operators O1, O2, and O3 in operating a pivot type II trailer on oil palm land, both on flat land, sloping land 10° and sloping land 30° has a workload level of “Light” category. Meanwhile, the operators’ quantitative total energy cost (TEC)’ workload levels for slope 0°, 10°, and 30°, respectively, are 1.31, 1.48, and 1.67 kcal/kg.hour. The operator’s workload level on the pivot II type trailer is better when compared to the initial pivot type trailer before modification.
Prospect of Essential Oil Industrial Waste as Energy Resources for Essential Oil Production Process
Authors: Agustina S E , Kholifah L S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Essential oil production produces huge amount of solid waste. This un-utilized waste potentially causing environmental problems. Converting the waste into biomass briquettes (bio briquette) is one of the prosperous solutions since the briquettes can be used as energy source for the production activities in those industry. The objective of this study is converting the solid waste of essential oil production from nutmeg and clove stems into bio-briquette form, and to analyze the potency of those bio-briquette to fulfill energy demand for essential oil production process itself. Several various compositions have been taken to get best performance of the bio-briquettes as fuel. The ratio of mass and adhesive were 1:0.625; 1:0.75; 1:1; 1:1.25 for nutmeg cakes, 1:0.75; 1:0.825; 1:1; 1:1.25 for nutmeg shell charcoal, and 1:0,5; 1:0.625; 1:0.75; 1:1 for clove stem charcoal. The best results was performed by nutmeg shell charcoal briquettes with composition of 1: 1. This briquette has moisture content of 6.64%, ash content of 3.31%, and a calorific value of 5497 cal/gram. Those specification meets the requirements of SNI 1/6235/2000 regarding briquettes as a fuel. Based on energy demand calculation, implementation of those briquettes as fuel will reduce annually solid fuel consumption around 30%. The reduction will help to reduce essential oil production cost, and help the product to get “green product” label, which is very important for all products in the global market.