bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative medical assessment for adult spinal deformity surgery: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Arora Ayush , Cummins Daniel D. , Wague Aboubacar , Mendelis Joseph , Samtani Rahul , McNeill Ian , Theologis Alekos A. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Berven Sigurd 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art review regarding risk factors for perioperative complications in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The review includes levels of evidence for risk factors associated with complications in ASD surgery.

Methods
Using the PubMed database, we searched for complications, risk factors, and adult spinal deformity. The included publications were assessed for level of evidence as described in clinical practice guidelines published by the North American Spine Society, with summary statements generated for each risk factor (Bono et al. in Spine J 9:1046–1051, 2009).

Results
Frailty had good evidence (Grade A) as a risk for complications in ASD patients. Fair evidence (Grade B) was assigned for bone quality, smoking, hyperglycemia and diabetes, nutritional status, immunosuppression/steroid use, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease. Indeterminate evidence (Grade I) was assigned for pre-operative cognitive function, mental health, social support, and opioid utilization.

Conclusions
Identification of risk factors for perioperative complications in ASD surgery is a priority for empowering informed choices for patients and surgeons and managing patient expectations. Risk factors with grade A and B evidence should be identified prior to elective surgery and modified to reduce the risk of perioperative complications.
The Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunits RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA Levels in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chatzidavid Sevastianos , Kontandreopoulou Christina-Nefeli , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Giannakopoulou Nefeli , Katsiampoura Panagiota , Stafylidis Christos , Dryllis Georgios , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine , Dimou Maria , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Viniou Nora-Athina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRibonucleotide Reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA replication and repair. RNR consists of subunits M1 and M2. It has been studied as a prognostic factor in several solid tumors and in chronic hematological malignancies, but not in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Peripheral blood samples were collected from 135 CLL patients. M1/M2 gene mRNA levels were measured and expressed as a RRM1-2/GAPDH ratio. M1 gene promoter methylation was studied in a patients’ subgroup. M1 mRNA expression was higher in patients without anemia (p = 0.026), without lymphadenopathy (p = 0.005) and 17p gene deletion (p = 0.031). Abnormal LDH (p = 0.022) and higher Rai stage (p = 0.019) were associated with lower M1 mRNA levels. Higher M2 mRNA levels were found in patients without lymphadenopathy (p = .048), Rai stage 0 (p = 0.025) and Trisomy 12 (p = 0.025). The correlation between RNR subunits and clinic-biological characteristics in CLL patients demonstrate RNR’s potential role as a prognostic factor.
Corruption and Crime: A Perspective of the Fairer Sex
Authors: Rubasundram Geetha A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraditionally, women have been perceived as the fairer sex with a moral compass and with less inclination towards gaining wealth and taking risks. Past research has posited that women consider crime due to need. Recently one piece of research has considered greed due to the development and empowerment of women, the opportunities and power accorded to them in line with governance frameworks, policies and regulations that cover crimes, penalties and punishments, and cultural and social norms. Social perspectives influence the moral values passed down within social and family units. A pilot survey of female participants exposed to investigation and law and from two age groups of 18–39 years and 40–61 years reflected a significant change in culture and values. The older group was critical of corrupt behaviour and that the choices were the “right thing to do”. The younger participants were selective in their choices, choosing to deny or be silent if there was insufficient evidence and protection or where there was the involvement of someone dear. This reflects the power of knowledge, empowerment and education. The author discusses case studies of women exposed to crime, including organized crime, via their family or social networks to assess abuse of power and trust.
Autonomous helicopter hover positioning by
optical tracking
Authors: Bouwer G. , Oertel C-H. , von Grünhagen W. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe design of control systems for helicopters in hover
and at low speed is a basic requirement for the
extension of mission profiles and new mission
demands. A special task for various applications is
the position hold under wind and gust conditions
above a ground fixed or moving target, like a
shipboard reference, or a small vessel or lifeboat
in rescue missions. For the solution of this problem
a controller concept was developed and the
feasibility was proven and successfully demonstrated
in flight tests.The in-flight helicopter simulator ATTHeS of the DLR
has been equipped by the Institute of Flight
Mechanics with an innovative measurement system for
the hover position above a target. A video camera in
combination with a highly parallel computer system
for processing the optical information was used as
an integra ted sensor system for the measurement of
the relative position of the aircraft to a target.
Based on the existing well-proven flight control
laws of ATTHeS for the forward flight condition,
which are implemented for handling qualities
investigations, these control laws were modified and
adapted to fulfil the special requirements of the
position hold task, including altitude hold and
heading hold capabilities. The integrated system of
optical position sensor and control computer enables
the helicopter to hover automatically above a
defined target in constant altitude and with
constant heading. Flight tests above a moving car
under wind and gust conditions underline the future
potential of the overall system to be used under
operational conditions.
The NASA B737-100 high-lift flight research
programme — measurements and
computations
Authors: Yip L. P. , van Dam C. P. , Whitehead J. H. , J. D. Hardin  , Miley S. J. , Potter R. C. , Bertelrud A. , Edge D. C. , Willard P.E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aerodynamic performance of a multi-element
high-lift system has a critical influence on the
direct operating cost of a subsonic civil transport
aircraft. A thorough understanding of the
aerodynamic characteristics of these multi-element
aerofoils and wings allows aircraft companies to
design and build more competitive aircraft with
high-lift systems that are less complex and lighter
for given high-lift performance or that have
improved lift and drag characteristics for given
system complexity and weight. Flight experiments on
NASA Langley's B737-100 aircraft have been conducted
to further enhance the understanding of the complex
flows about multi-element high-lift systems at
full-scale flight conditions. In this paper, an
overview of the flight program is provided, followed
by highlights of experimental results and
computational analysis. Measurements included
surface pressures on the slats, main element and
flap elements using flush pressure ports and
pressure belts, surface shear stresses using Preston
tubes, off-surface velocity distributions using
boundary layer/wake rakes, aeroelastic deformations
of the flap elements using an optical positioning
system, and boundary layer transition detection
using hot-film anemometers and an infrared imaging
system. Boundary layer transition measurements on
the slat using hot-film sensors are correlated with
the flow visualisation results from an infrared
imaging technique. Extensive application of several
computational techniques and comparisons with flight
measurements are shown for a limited number of
cases. This program has generated an extensive set
of data, much of which are still being analysed.
ONERA activities on high-lift devices for
transport aircraft
Authors: Thibert J. J. , Reneaux J. , Moens F. , Preist J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-lift systems have to provide adequate low speed
performance in terms of takeoff and landing lengths,
approach speed, climb rate and community noise. Even
if the performance of these systems has been
continuously improved during the years, there are
still some possibilities for further
improvements.ONERA has been involved for a long time in research on
high-lift systems for transport aircraft. This
research has provided valuable results in the
following areas:● The knowledge of the dominant flow processes
involved for 2D and 3D geometries. In particular
the stall mechanism, Reynolds and Mach number
effects as well as sweep effects have been studied
by performing detailed experiments.● The development of 2D analysis and design
codes which have been extensively calibrated with
experimental data and are used with confidence for
practical applications.● The design and testing of various high-lift
systems which provide manufacturers with data for
their own designs.The paper summarises these activities and presents some
typical results. Future trends for research on
high-lift systems at ONERA are also given.
Equivalent dynamic beam–rod models of
aircraft wing structures
Authors: Lee U. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract The equivalent continuum beam-rod model of an aircraft
wing structure with composite laminated skins has
been developed based on the concept of energy
equivalence. The equivalent structural properties of
the continuum beam-rod model are obtained by
directly comparing the reduced stiffness and mass
matrices for a typical segment of aircraft wing with
those for a finite element of continuum beam-rod
model. The finite element stiffness and mass
matrices are condensed through the well known finite
element formulation procedure to be used in
calculating the reduced stiffness and mass matrices
for the aircraft wing segment in terms of the
continuum degrees of freedom introduced in this
paper. The present method of continuum modelling may
yield every equivalent structural property including
all possible couplings between bending, torsional
and transverse shear deformations. To evaluate the
equivalent continuum beam-rod model developed
herein, the free vibration and aeroelastic analyses
for a box-beam type aircraft wing structure have
been conducted by using the continuum beam-rod
model, and the numerical results are compared with
the results by using other different models of the
aircraft wing structure.
Limit-cycle taming by nonlinear control
with applications to flutter
Authors: Mastroddi F. , Morino L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of limit-cycle taming,
which is defined in this paper as the use of
nonlinear control laws to ensure that the
limit-cycle behaviour of the system beyond the
stability boundary is of a benign rather than a
destructive nature. Specifically, we consider a
one-parameter (denoted by λ) autonomous dynamic
system having algebraic nonlinearities. We assume
that the system has a stable solution, x = 0, for λ
< λ0, and experiences a Hopf
bifurcation at λ = λ0. Using a singular
perturbation analysis about the stability boundary,
it is shown that, using a simple nonlinear control
law, limit-cycle taming is always possible in the
neighbourhood of a Hopf bifurcation. The control
system proposed for limit-cycle taming is fully
nonlinear, and therefore does not affect the linear
behaviour of the system (in particular its stability
characteristics). Hence, limit-cycle taming may be
used in conjunction with a standard linear active
control (e.g. use of linear active control to
increase the stability boundary). Applications of
the theory to the problem of flutter are
presented.
Aircraft structures
Authors: Davies G. A. O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article attempts to look forward in the field of
aircraft structures, at what is likely to happen,
and what current R&D is necessary to achieve
this. It becomes clear that structural performance
is always improving but that the main drivers are
likely to be cost, both capital cost and in-service
costs. The capital cost is likely to improve by
reducing the design and development time as well as
low-cost manufacturing. The use of all components of
the synthetic environment are here playing an
increasing role. The in-service costs will be
reduced by more robust structures and better NDE to
automate inspections and lengthen their
intervals.
A new class of spatial harmonic magnetrons with potentials for CW and sub-THz operation
Authors: Nasr Esfahani Nasrin , Vavriv Dmytro M. , Schünemann Klaus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA strictly physically based design theory of a new class of Spatial Harmonic Magnetrons (SHM) is thoroughly derived which leads to analytically evaluable expressions. Thus two advantages are obtained: (1) The design parameters appear grouped into two separate categories – one just containing geometrical and material parameters, the other one exclusively containing beam current-related ones, which are in product-form determining performance. The influence of each parameter can thus easily be discovered and investigated. (2) Numerical efforts for any new design will be reduced by at least one order of magnitude. Subsequently and based on feature (1) it is derived that loading the anode structure by a suitably selected meta-material will increase output power and efficiency, will pave the way to CW operation, and can extend oscillation frequency well into the sub-THz range. Finally, it is shown that the Rising Sun Magnetron is a first step toward a meta-material loaded SHM offering the same but quantitatively reduced features and less stringent requirements to fabrication technology.
Rifting‐Driven Magmatism Along the Dead Sea Continental Transform Fault
Authors: Haddad A. , Chiarabba C. , Lazar M. , Mazzini A. , Polonia A. , Gasperini L. , Lupi M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Dead Sea Fault (DSF) is a crustal‐scale continental transform fault separating the African and the Arabian plates. Neogene to Quaternary volcanic activity is well‐spread in Northern Israel. Yet, the origin of the magmas that fed the eruptions is still unpinned. Our local earthquake tomography depicts velocity distributions typical of rifting settings. At 9 km depth, a prominent high Vp/Vs anomaly marks the presence of cooling melts. We propose that protracted transtension along the DSF caused crustal thinning promoting the emplacement of magmatic bodies. Crustal emplacements of magmas in Northern Israel reconcile multiple observations, including the high geothermal gradient, the prominent magnetic anomalies and the traces of mantle‐derived fluids in the springs across the Sea of Galilee. We provide a compelling evidence for rifting in segments of the DSF and identify the potential source of magmatism that fed part of the volcanic activity of the area.
Toward Improved Parameterizations of Reservoir Operation in Ungauged Basins: A Synergistic Framework Coupling Satellite Remote Sensing, Hydrologic Modeling, and Conceptual Operation Schemes
Authors: Dong Ningpeng , Yang Mingxiang , Wei Jianhui , Arnault Joël , Laux Patrick , Xu Shiqin , Wang Hao , Yu Zhongbo , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssessments of water and energy security over historical and future periods require hydrologic models that can accurately simulate reservoir operations. However, scare reservoir operation data limits the accuracy of current reservoir representations in simulating reservoir behaviors. Furthermore, the reliability of these representations under changing inflow regimes remains unclear, which makes their application for long future planning horizons questionable. To this end, we propose a synergistic framework to predict the release, storage, and hydropower production of ungauged reservoirs (i.e., reservoirs without in‐situ inflow, release, storage, and operating rules) by combining remotely sensed reservoir operating patterns and model‐simulated reservoir inflow with conceptual reservoir operation schemes within a land surface‐hydrologic model. A previously developed reservoir operation scheme is extended with a storage anomaly based calibration approach to accommodate the relatively short time series and large time intervals of remotely sensed data. By setting up controlled experiments in the Yalong River Basin in China, we show that remote sensing can improve the parameter estimation and simulations of ungauged reservoirs for all selected reservoir operation schemes, thereby improving the downstream flood and streamflow simulations. However, most of these schemes show degraded accuracies of reservoir operation simulations under a changing inflow regime, which could lead to unreliable assessments of future water resources and hydropower production. In comparison, our newly extended reservoir operation scheme can be more adaptable to flow regime variations. Our study provides a practical framework for reservoir impact assessments and predictions with the ongoing satellite altimetry projects such as Surface Water and Ocean Topography.
Structural insights into substrate recognition and translocation of human peroxisomal ABC transporter ALDP
Authors: Xiong Chao , Jia Li-Na , Xiong Wei-Xi , Wu Xin-Tong , Xiong Liu-Lin , Wang Ting-Hua , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen , Liu Zheng , Tang Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDysfunctions of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily D, member 1 (ABCD1) cause X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a rare neurodegenerative disease that affects all human tissues. Residing in the peroxisome membrane, ABCD1 plays a role in the translocation of very long-chain fatty acids for their β-oxidation. Here, the six cryo-electron microscopy structures of ABCD1 in four distinct conformational states were presented. In the transporter dimer, two transmembrane domains form the substrate translocation pathway, and two nucleotide-binding domains form the ATP-binding site that binds and hydrolyzes ATP. The ABCD1 structures provide a starting point for elucidating the substrate recognition and translocation mechanism of ABCD1. Each of the four inward-facing structures of ABCD1 has a vestibule that opens to the cytosol with variable sizes. Hexacosanoic acid (C26:0)-CoA substrate binds to the transmembrane domains (TMDs) and stimulates the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). W339 from the transmembrane helix 5 (TM5) is essential for binding substrate and stimulating ATP hydrolysis by substrate. ABCD1 has a unique C-terminal coiled-coil domain that negatively modulates the ATPase activity of the NBDs. Furthermore, the structure of ABCD1 in the outward-facing state indicates that ATP molecules pull the two NBDs together and open the TMDs to the peroxisomal lumen for substrate release. The five structures provide a view of the substrate transport cycle and mechanistic implication for disease-causing mutations.
miR579-3p is an inhibitory modulator of neointimal hyperplasia and transcription factors c-MYB and KLF4
Authors: Xie Xiujie , Shirasu Takuro , Li Jing , Guo Lian-Wang , Kent K. Craig 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeointimal hyperplasia (IH) is a common vascular pathology that typically manifests in in-stent restenosis and bypass vein graft failure. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching is central to IH, both regulated by some microRNAs, yet the role of miR579-3p, a scarcely studied microRNA, is not known. Unbiased bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR579-3p was repressed in human primary SMCs treated with different pro-IH cytokines. Moreover, miR579-3p was software-predicted to target both c-MYB and KLF4 − two master transcription factors known to promote SMC phenotypic switching. Interestingly, treating injured rat carotid arteries via local infusion of miR579-3p-expressing lentivirus reduced IH 14 days after injury. In cultured human SMCs, transfection with miR579-3p inhibited SMC phenotypic switching, as indicated by decreased proliferation/migration and increased SMC contractile proteins. miR579-3p transfection downregulated c-MYB and KLF4, and luciferase assays indicated miR579-3p’s targeting of the 3′UTRs of the c-MYB and KLF4 mRNAs. In vivo, immunohistochemistry showed that treatment of injured rat arteries with the miR579-3p lentivirus reduced c-MYB and KLF4 and increased SMC contractile proteins. Thus, this study identifies miR579-3p as a previously unrecognized small-RNA inhibitor of IH and SMC phenotypic switch involving its targeting of c-MYB and KLF4. Further studies on miR579-3p may provide an opportunity for translation to develop IH-mitigating new therapeutics.
A rapid and effective method for alloy materials design via sample data transfer machine learning
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhang Zhihao , Hu Hao , He Xingqun , Fu Huadong , Xie Jianxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the challenges in material design is to rapidly develop new materials or improve the performance of materials by utilizing the data and knowledge of existing materials. Here, a rapid and effective method of alloy material design via data transfer learning is proposed to efficiently design new alloys using existing data. A new type of aluminum alloy (E2 alloy) with ultra strength and high toughness previously developed by the authors is used as an example. An optimal three-stage solution-aging treatment process (T66R) was efficiently designed transferring 1053 pieces of process-property relationship data of existing AA7xxx commercial aluminum alloys. It realizes the substantial improvement of strength and plasticity of E2 alloy simultaneously, which is of great significance for lightweight of high-end equipment. Meanwhile, the microstructure analysis clarifies the mechanism of alloy performance improvement. This study shows that transferring the existing alloy data is an effective method to design new alloys.
De novo design of luciferases using deep learning
Authors: Yeh Andy Hsien-Wei , Norn Christoffer , Kipnis Yakov , Tischer Doug , Pellock Samuel J. , Evans Declan , Ma Pengchen , Lee Gyu Rie , Zhang Jason Z. , Anishchenko Ivan , Coventry Brian , Cao Longxing , Dauparas Justas , Halabiya Samer , DeWitt Michelle , Carter Lauren , Houk K. N. , Baker David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDe novo enzyme design has sought to introduce active sites and substrate-binding pockets that are predicted to catalyse a reaction of interest into geometrically compatible native scaffolds1,2, but has been limited by a lack of suitable protein structures and the complexity of native protein sequence–structure relationships. Here we describe a deep-learning-based ‘family-wide hallucination’ approach that generates large numbers of idealized protein structures containing diverse pocket shapes and designed sequences that encode them. We use these scaffolds to design artificial luciferases that selectively catalyse the oxidative chemiluminescence of the synthetic luciferin substrates diphenylterazine3 and 2-deoxycoelenterazine. The designed active sites position an arginine guanidinium group adjacent to an anion that develops during the reaction in a binding pocket with high shape complementarity. For both luciferin substrates, we obtain designed luciferases with high selectivity; the most active of these is a small (13.9 kDa) and thermostable (with a melting temperature higher than 95 °C) enzyme that has a catalytic efficiency on diphenylterazine (kcat/Km = 106 M−1 s−1) comparable to that of native luciferases, but a much higher substrate specificity. The creation of highly active and specific biocatalysts from scratch with broad applications in biomedicine is a key milestone for computational enzyme design, and our approach should enable generation of a wide range of luciferases and other enzymes.