bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of clopidogrel versus aspirin as a maintenance monotherapy 1 year after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kim Ji Seong , Kang Yoonjin , Sohn Suk Ho , Hwang Ho Young 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESData on the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel (CPD) monotherapy after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are limited. We compared the clinical outcomes and graft patency rates during 4 years in CABG patients who maintained CPD or aspirin after 1 year of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) use.METHODSA total of 671 patients who maintained 1-year DAPT after CABG with all grafts patent on one-year follow-up angiography and switched to single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) using CPD (n = 272) or aspirin (n = 399) between January 2009 and December 2015 were enrolled. Propensity score matching analysis was used, and 227 pairs were matched in a 1:1 ratio. Overall mortality, cardiac mortality, and major adverse events, including all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, coronary reintervention or reoperation, ischaemic stroke, and major bleeding, were compared. Graft patency was evaluated using graft angiography 5 years post-surgery.RESULTSOverall survival and the incidence of major adverse events during the 4-year follow-up did not differ significantly between the groups when un-matched (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.24, 0.71 to 2.15, P = 0.46 and HR, 95% CI = 1.22, 0.77 to 1.92, P = 0.41, respectively) or matched (HR, 95% CI = 1.05, 0.55 to 2.01, P = 0.89 and HR, 95% CI = 1.01, 0.60 to 1.73, P = 0.96, respectively). In the postoperative 5-year graft angiography, new graft occlusion was found in 3.2% and 4.7% of patients and newly occurred graft occlusion rates of distal anastomoses were 1.2% and 1.6% in the CPD and aspirin groups, respectively, and were not statistically different between the 2 groups (P = 0.39 and 0.63, respectively). Changes of antiplatelet regimen were needed in 22.8% (91 of 399) of aspirin group and in 2.2% (6 of 272) of CPD group from the initiation of SAPT (P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn this series of patients undergoing CABG who received DAPT and remained stable for 1 year, SAPT maintenance with CPD or aspirin did not show any significant differences in 4-year outcomes such as all-cause mortality, major adverse events, and newly occurring graft occlusion. However, more patients taking aspirin required changes in antiplatelet regimens to other antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapies.
Cohort changes in the association between parental divorce and children’s education: A long-term perspective on the institutionalization hypothesis
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The institutionalization hypothesis argues that in contexts where divorce is more common, its consequences will be less severe. An implication of this hypothesis is that the association between parental divorce and child outcomes will decline over time, parallel to the historical rise in divorce. Building on a handful of earlier tests of this idea, the current analysis provides a long-term cohort perspective with sufficient statistical power to detect possible trends. Data from 18 national surveys in the Netherlands were harmonized and pooled in order to obtain a large sample with sufficient numbers of children with divorced parents from a wide span of birth cohorts (Ntotal = 87,541, Ndivorced = 5,728). Using educational attainment as a dependent variable, and applying a set of relevant controls for key family background variables, there was no evidence that the association between parental divorce and education changed between 1930 and 1991. Multi-level models showed that there was no association between the prevalence of divorce and the magnitude of the parental divorce effect. The refutation of the institutionalization hypothesis for divorce is interpreted in terms of how the selection into divorce has changed, in combination with problems emerging in modern postdivorce relationships.
Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study
Authors: Yu Chen Hao , Dina Christian , Small Aeron M , Shaffer Christian M , Levinson Rebecca T , Helgadóttir Anna , Capoulade Romain , Munter Hans Markus , Martinsson Andreas , Cairns Benjamin J , Trudsø Linea C , Hoekstra Mary , Burr Hannah A , Marsh Thomas W , Damrauer Scott M , Dufresne Line , Le Scouarnec Solena , Messika-Zeitoun David , Ranatunga Dilrini K , Whitmer Rachel A , Bonnefond Amélie , Sveinbjornsson Garðar , Daníelsen Ragnar , Arnar David O , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Gudbjartsson Daníel F , Hólm Hilma , Ghouse Jonas , Olesen Morten Salling , Christensen Alex H , Mikkelsen Susan , Jacobsen Rikke Louise , Dowsett Joseph , Pedersen Ole Birger Vesterager , Erikstrup Christian , Ostrowski Sisse R ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, O’Donnell Christopher J , Budoff Matthew J , Gudnason Vilmundur , Post Wendy S , Rotter Jerome I , Lathrop Mark , Bundgaard Henning , Johansson Bengt , Ljungberg Johan , Näslund Ulf , Le Tourneau Thierry , Smith J Gustav , Wells Quinn S , Söderberg Stefan , Stefánsson Kári , Schott Jean-Jacques , Rader Daniel J , Clarke Robert , Engert James C , Thanassoulis George 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Although highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS.

Methods and results
A genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10−8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2–SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–1.35; P = 2.7 × 10−51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37; P = 1.4 × 10−3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90–5.12; P = 2.1 × 10−20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17–1.23; P = 4.8 × 10−73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.9; P = 1.9 × 10−12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS.

Conclusion
Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies.
Comprehensive review and evaluation of whole stand volume yield models for the aspen forest type in Minnesota, USA
Authors: Gifford Tyler S , Zobel John M , Hillard Scott C , Edgar Christopher B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aspen (Populus spp.) exists as a forest type with circumboreal significance. In Minnesota, aspen is the most abundant and utilized timber species. Dating from 1929 to as recently as 2019, many whole stand volume yield models have been developed for the aspen forest type in Minnesota. With many model forms to choose from, this work sought to narrow down the best performing models across a myriad of forest conditions and locations. Data from recent cycles of the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program were utilized for model fitting and assessment. Existing model forms were assessed, as well as 423 new model forms. Models were cross validated and compared with predictive accuracy statistics including root mean square error, mean absolute deviation and an agreement index (pseudo-R2). Analyses were conducted to evaluate model performance in relevant subsets, including: statewide, ecological section, age class and site class. To reflect model complexity and differences in available inventory data, models were also assessed by the number of required input variables. A newly postulated model form, the GZ model, provided improved accuracy across all subset scenarios, whereas a recently developed model form provided simplicity and applicability across many subsets. This work provides users of aspen whole stand volume yield models with a method to review model forms fit under a variety of conditions and select the most appropriate model.
Combining interpolated maximum wind gust speed and forest vulnerability for rapid post-storm mapping of potential forest damage areas in Finland
Authors: Laapas Mikko , Suvanto Susanne , Peltoniemi Mikko , Venäläinen Ari 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Finland, wind-induced forest damage is expected to increase in the future. Demand exists for timely and precise first-hand information about the main impact area of windstorms. Locating potential damage areas quickly is essential for effective operational planning of salvage loggings, aiming to reduce monetary losses of timber and risk for secondary damage caused by insects. This study presents an approach for mapping the potential damage areas immediately after a windstorm, by using high-resolution forest vulnerability data and information on the spatial distribution of maximum wind gust speed derived from weather station observations using kriging with external drift interpolation. The new method is evaluated by analyzing damage caused by nine major windstorms of the 2010s in Finland. Our results show that including roughness length information as an auxiliary variable in the interpolation improved the results and produced wind maps with more plausible structure and better separation between forested and non-forested land areas. The forest vulnerability data were most strongly linked to damage, whilst wind gust speed had weaker results. However, for future storms with unknown damage areas, we consider maximum wind gust speed still essential for defining the main impact area, whereas forest vulnerability data could then be used for more detailed damage predictions. Further advancements of wind interpolation approaches, preferably towards higher resolution and, if possible, based on a denser and more diverse observation network, is needed to fully exploit the potential of combined wind and forest vulnerability data. Albeit we recognize multiple uncertainties, room for improvements and benefits that additional data sources would bring, our study demonstrates a simple approach for rapid mapping of potential forest wind damage areas, which could be further developed into an operational tool.
Comparing mobile and terrestrial laser scanning for measuring and modelling tree stem taper
Authors: Stovall Atticus E L , MacFarlane David W , Crawford Debbie , Jovanovic Tom , Frank Jereme , Brack Cris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeasuring and modelling the shape of tree stems is a fundamental component of forest inventory systems for both commercial and biological purposes. The change in diameter of the stem along its length (a.k.a. 'taper') is one of the most important and widely used means of predicting tree stem volume. Until recently, the options for obtaining accurate estimates of stem taper and developing stem taper models have been limited to measurements of felled trees or the use of optical dendrometers on standing live trees. Here, we tested both a tripod-mounted terrestrial laser scanner (TLS; a Focus 3D 120 of FARO Technologies, Inc., Lake Mary, FL, USA), and a mobile laser scanner (MLS; the ZEB1 of the GeoSLAM Ltd, Nottingham, UK) to measure tree diameters at various heights along the stem of 20 destructively harvested broadleaf and needleleaf species using the outer hull modelling method, for the purpose of developing individual-tree and species-specific taper models. Laser scanner specifications were a major factor determining stem taper measurement accuracy. The longer-range, low beam divergence TLS could estimate stem diameter to an average of 15.7 m above ground (about 79 per cent of the canopy height), while the shorter-range high beam divergence MLS could estimate an average of 11.5 m above ground (about 45 per cent of the canopy height). Stem taper error increased with respect to height above ground, with the TLS providing more consistent and reliable diameter measurements (root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.93 cm; 9.57 per cent) compared with the MLS (RMSE = 2.59 cm; 12.84 per cent), but both methods were nearly unbiased. We attribute ~60 per cent of the uncertainty in stem measurements to laser beam diameter and point density, showing positive and negative correlations, respectively. MLS was unable to converge on the two tested taper models but was found to be an efficient means of easily sampling diameters at breast height (DBH) and reconstructing stem maps in simple forest stands with trees greater than ~10 cm DBH. TLS provided precision stem diameter measurements that allowed for the creation of similar taper models for three out of the four study species. Future work should focus on evaluating MLS systems with improved specifications (e.g. beam divergence and range), since these instruments will likely lead to dramatic improvements in reliable estimates of forest inventory parameters, in line with the current TLS technology.
Delineating regions of interest for mass spectrometry imaging by multimodally corroborated spatial segmentation
Authors: Guo Ang , Chen Zhiyu , Li Fang , Luo Qian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), which localizes molecules in a tag-free, spatially resolved manner, is a powerful tool for the understanding of underlying biochemical mechanisms of biological phenomena. When analyzing MSI data, it is essential to delineate regions of interest (ROIs) that correspond to tissue areas of different anatomical or pathological labels. Spatial segmentation, obtained by clustering MSI pixels according to their mass spectral similarities, is a popular approach to automate ROI definition. However, how to select the number of clusters (#Clusters), which determines the granularity of segmentation, remains to be resolved, and an inappropriate #Clusters may lead to ROIs not biologically real. Here we report a multimodal fusion strategy to enable an objective and trustworthy selection of #Clusters by utilizing additional information from corresponding histology images. A deep learning–based algorithm is proposed to extract “histomorphological feature spectra” across an entire hematoxylin and eosin image. Clustering is then similarly performed to produce histology segmentation. Since ROIs originating from instrumental noise or artifacts would not be reproduced cross-modally, the consistency between histology and MSI segmentation becomes an effective measure of the biological validity of the results. So, #Clusters that maximize the consistency is deemed as most probable. We validated our strategy on mouse kidney and renal tumor specimens by producing multimodally corroborated ROIs that agreed excellently with ground truths. Downstream analysis based on the said ROIs revealed lipid molecules highly specific to tissue anatomy or pathology. Our work will greatly facilitate MSI-mediated spatial lipidomics, metabolomics, and proteomics research by providing intelligent software to automatically and reliably generate ROIs.
COVID–19 travel bans and the reactivation of colonial trauma in Africa
Authors: Naude Bianca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When the Omicron variant of the COVID–19 virus was identified in November 2021, western states responded by immediately imposing a travel ban on African countries in a bid to keep ‘the African virus’ out of their territories. Seen by some as a necessary step to protect western lives, the travel bans caused a visceral reliving among Africans of colonial-era experiences of shame, humiliation and degradation. We know that actors, during times of crisis, exaggerate identity borders between ‘us’ and ‘them’, and we can understand western reactions to the discovery of Omicron against this theoretical backdrop. What is not clear, however, is why the Omicron travel ban caused such a visceral reliving of a past trauma in the African collective. Supported by a qualitative analysis of news media, this research sets out to explain how travel bans imposed by western nations caused a re-traumatization of the African collective, arguing that narratives surrounding ‘Africa's Omicron virus’ are an extension of the ‘heart of darkness’ ideation that dominated imperial European discourse and practice. Deeper understanding of the many ways in which colonial subjugation persists today, the article argues, can help us better respond to similar future global crises.
Validation of the Antifungal National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (AF-NAPS) quality assessment tool
Authors: Khanina A , Douglas A P , Yeoh D K , So M , Abbotsford J , Spelman T , Kong D C M , Slavin M A , Thursky K A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The Antifungal National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (AF-NAPS) was developed to undertake streamlined quality audits of antifungal prescribing. The validity and reliability of such tools is not characterized.

Objectives
To assess the validity and reliability of the AF-NAPS quality assessment tool.

Methods
Case vignettes describing antifungal prescribing were prepared. A steering group was assembled to determine gold-standard classifications for appropriateness and guideline compliance. Infectious diseases physicians, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and specialist pharmacists undertook a survey to classify appropriateness and guideline compliance of prescriptions utilizing the AF-NAPS tool. Validity was measured as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with gold standard. Inter-rater reliability was measured using Fleiss’ kappa statistics. Assessors’ responses and comments were thematically analysed to determine reasons for incorrect classification.

Results
Twenty-eight clinicians assessed 59 antifungal prescriptions. Overall accuracy of appropriateness assessment was 77.0% (sensitivity 85.3%, specificity 68.0%). Highest accuracy was seen amongst specialist (81%) and AMS pharmacists (79%). Prescriptions with lowest accuracy were in the haematology setting (69%), use of echinocandins (73%), mould-active azoles (75%) and for prophylaxis (71%). Inter-rater reliability was fair overall (0.3906), with moderate reliability amongst specialist pharmacists (0.5304). Barriers to accurate classification were incorrect use of the appropriateness matrix, knowledge gaps and lack of guidelines for some indications.

Conclusions
The AF-NAPS is a valid tool, assisting assessors to correctly classify appropriate prescriptions more accurately than inappropriate prescriptions. Specialist and AMS pharmacists had similar performance, providing confidence that both can undertake AF-NAPS audits to a high standard. Identified reasons for incorrect classification will be targeted in the online tool and educational materials.
The antitrust victims of monopsony
Authors: Alderman Brianna L , Blair Roger D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The exercise of unlawful monopsony power by buyer cartels depresses both the price paid and the quantity purchased. Consequently, producer surplus and social welfare decline from competitive levels. There are six classes of antitrust victims, but only one has standing to sue for antitrust damages in the United States. The other five are neglected. We identify the neglected victims in this article. We also suggest some ways to expand the protection offered by section 4 of the Clayton Act.
Toxicity assessment of common acaricides and mineral oils on Anagyrus vladimiri, an effective biocontrol agent of citrus mealybug
Authors: Singh Shashwat , Protasov Alex , Kramer Reut Madar , Yaacobi Gal , Kaspi Roy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chemical pesticides, while playing an important role in the suppression of insect pests, should be used in a manner that minimizes negative effects on natural enemies. The parasitoid, Anagyrus vladimiri Triapitsyn (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), plays an important role in the management of mealybug pests of citrus groves in the Mediterranean region. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of commonly used acaricides (Spirodiclofen, Spirotetramat, Sulfur, Fenpyroximate, Abamectin) and mineral oils (Levanola, EOS, JMS, and Ultrapaz) on acute mortality of A. vladimiri. Toxicity was assessed in 4 cases: (i) direct spray application on adults, (ii) pesticide application on the mummified host, (iii) feeding with contaminated food, and (iv) contact with pesticide residue. The pesticide Abamectin, applied alone and with Levanola oil was highly toxic to adults in all bioassays, with the exception of direct spray application on the mummified host. Fenpyroximate was found to be highly toxic only when sprayed directly on adults, and sulfur was slightly harmful. Mineral oils were harmful when ingested with food; otherwise, they did not cause appreciable adult mortality. The findings of the present study suggest that all tested materials, with the exception of Abamectin and Fenpyroximate, are compatible with the survival of A. vladimiri. Direct ingestion of oils can, however, cause a degree of mortality. Given that indiscriminate use of these pesticides may affect the population ecology of A. vladimiri, they should be used with caution.
Molecular profiling and treatment pattern differences between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Spencer Kristen , Pappas Leontios , Baiev Islam , Maurer Jordan , Bocobo Andrea Grace , Zhang Karen , Jain Apurva , De Armas Anaemy Danner , Reyes Stephanie , Le Tri Minh , Rahma Osama E , Stanton Jennifer , DeLeon Thomas T , Roth Marc , Peters Mary Linton B , Zhu Andrew X , Lennerz Jochen K , Iafrate A John , Boyhen Kylie , VanCott Christine , Roberts Lewis R , Lindsey Stacie , Horick Nora , Goff Laura Williams , Mody Kabir , Borad Mitesh J , Shroff Rachna T , Kelley Robin Kate , Javle Milind M , Goyal Lipika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment patterns for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) differ, but limited studies exist comparing them. This study examines differences in molecular profiling rates and treatment patterns in these populations, focusing on use of adjuvant, liver-directed, targeted, and investigational therapies.

Methods
This multicenter collaboration included patients with ICC or ECC treated at 1 of 8 participating institutions. Retrospective data were collected on risk factors, pathology, treatments, and survival. Comparative statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Among 1039 patients screened, 847 patients met eligibility (ICC = 611, ECC = 236). Patients with ECC were more likely than those with ICC to present with early stage disease (53.8% vs 28.0%), undergo surgical resection (55.1% vs 29.8%), and receive adjuvant chemoradiation (36.5% vs 4.2%) (all P &lt; .00001). However, they were less likely to undergo molecular profiling (50.3% vs 64.3%) or receive liver-directed therapy (17.9% vs 35.7%), targeted therapy (4.7% vs 18.9%), and clinical trial therapy (10.6% vs 24.8%) (all P &lt; .001). In patients with recurrent ECC after surgery, the molecular profiling rate was 64.5%. Patients with advanced ECC had a shorter median overall survival than those with advanced ICC (11.8 vs 15.1 months; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Patients with advanced ECC have low rates of molecular profiling, possibly in part because of insufficient tissue. They also have low rates of targeted therapy use and clinical trial enrollment. While these rates are higher in advanced ICC, the prognosis for both subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma remains poor, and a pressing need exists for new effective targeted therapies and broader access to clinical trials.