bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining the redshift of BL Lac VER J0521+211
Authors: Sahu Sarira , Medina-Carrillo B , Sánchez-Colón G , Rajpoot Subhash 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Observation of several very high energy (VHE) flaring events of the BL Lac object VER J0521+211 was reported by the VERITAS and MAGIC collaborations between 2009 and 2014. The redshift of this source is uncertain, and several analyses have derived different limits for it. In the framework of the photohadronic model and using three different extragalactic background light (EBL) models, we analyse seven independent VHE spectra of VER J0521+211 and determine the limiting values on its redshift. It is observed that the photohadronic scenario provides excellent fits to the reported observations. It is further observed that the photohadronic scenario, along with the EBL model of Domínguez et al., puts the most restrictive limits on the redshift z of VER J0521+211: 0.29 ≤ z ≤ 0.31 from the confidence level (CL) intervals at 2σ, or a more conservative 0.28 ≤ z ≤ 0.33 at 3σ.
Kinematics of stellar substructures in the small magellanic cloud
Authors: El Youssoufi Dalal , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , Kacharov Nikolay , Bell Cameron P M , Matjević Gal , Bekki Kenji , de Grijs Richard , Ivanov Valentin D , van Loon Jacco Th 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a kinematic analysis of the Small Magellanic Cloud using 3700 spectra extracted from the European Southern Observatory archive. We used data from Gaia and near-infrared photometry to select stellar populations and discard Galactic foreground stars. The sample includes main-sequence red giant branch and red clump stars, observed with Fibre Large Array Multi Wavelength Spectrograph. The spectra have a resolving power λ/Δλ from 6500 to 38 000. We derive radial velocities by employing a full spectrum fitting method using a penalized pixel fitting routine. We obtain a mean radial velocity for the galaxy of 159 ± 2 km s−1, with a velocity dispersion of 33 ± 2 km s−1. Our velocities agree with literature estimates for similar (young or old) stellar populations. The radial velocity of stars in the Wing and bar-like structures differ as a consequence of the dynamical interaction with the Large Magellanic Cloud. The higher radial velocity of young main-sequence stars in the bar compared to that of supergiants can be attributed to star formation around 40 Myr ago from gas already influenced by tidal stripping. Similarly, young main-sequence stars in the northern part of the bar, resulting from a prominent star forming episode 25 Myr ago, have a higher radial velocity than stars in the southern part. Radial velocity differences between the northern and southern bar overdensities are also traced by giant stars. They are corroborated by studies of the cold gas and proper motion indicating stretching/tidal stripping of the galaxy.
Nuclear activity in z &lt; 0.3 QSO 2’s mainly triggered by galaxy mergers
Authors: Araujo Bruna L C , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Rembold Sandro B , Kaipper André L P , Dall’Agnol de Oliveira Bruno 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of the close environment on the nuclear activity of a sample of 436 nearby (z &lt; 0.3) QSO 2’s – selected from SDSS-III spectra, via comparison of their environment and interaction parameters with those of a control sample of 1308 galaxies. We have used the corresponding SDSS images to obtain the number of neighbour galaxies N, tidal strength parameter Q and asymmetry parameters. We find a small excess of N in the QSOs compared to its three controls, and no difference in Q. The main difference is an excess of asymmetry in the QSOs hosts, which is almost twice that of the control galaxies. This difference is not due to the hosts’ morphology, since there is no difference in their Galaxy Zoo classifications. HST images of two highly asymmetric QSO 2 hosts of our sample show that both sources have a close companion (at projected separations ∼ 5 kpc), which we thus conclude is the cause of the observed asymmetry in the lower resolution SDSS images. The mean projected radius of the controls is 〈r〉 = 8.53 ± 0.06 kpc, while that of the QSO hosts is 〈r〉 = 9.39 ± 0.12 kpc, supporting the presence of interaction signatures in the outer regions of the QSO hosts. Our results favour a scenario in which nuclear activity in QSO 2’s is triggered by close galaxy interactions – when the distance between the host and companion is of the order of the galaxy radius, implying that they are already in the process of merger.
Nucleotide excision repair in Human cell lines lacking both XPC and CSB proteins
Authors: Lindsey-Boltz Laura A , Yang Yanyan , Kose Cansu , Deger Nazli , Eynullazada Khagani , Kawara Hiroaki , Sancar Aziz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair removes UV-induced DNA damage through two distinct sub-pathways, global repair and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Numerous studies have shown that in human and other mammalian cell lines that the XPC protein is required for repair of DNA damage from nontranscribed DNA via global repair and the CSB protein is required for repair of lesions from transcribed DNA via TCR. Therefore, it is generally assumed that abrogating both sub-pathways with an XPC−/−/CSB−/− double mutant would eliminate all nucleotide excision repair. Here we describe the construction of three different XPC−/−/CSB−/− human cell lines that, contrary to expectations, perform TCR. The XPC and CSB genes were mutated in cell lines derived from Xeroderma Pigmentosum patients as well as from normal human fibroblasts and repair was analyzed at the whole genome level using the very sensitive XR-seq method. As predicted, XPC−/− cells exhibited only TCR and CSB−/− cells exhibited only global repair. However, the XPC−/−/CSB−/− double mutant cell lines, although having greatly reduced repair, exhibited TCR. Mutating the CSA gene to generate a triple mutant XPC−/−/CSB−/−/CSA−/− cell line eliminated all residual TCR activity. Together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanistic features of mammalian nucleotide excision repair.
Psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 infection in UK biobank (N = 104 201)
Authors: Wauye Victor M , Ho Frederick K , Lyall Donald M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, data on its psychosocial predictors are limited. We therefore aimed to explore psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 infection at the UK Biobank (UKB).

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study conducted among UKB participants.

Results
The sample size was N = 104 201, out of which 14 852 (14.3%) had a positive COVID-19 test. The whole sample analysis showed significant interactions between sex and several predictor variables. Among females, absence of college/university degree [odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–1.66] and socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.16 95% CI 1.11–1.21) were associated with higher odds of COVID-19 infection, while history of psychiatric consultation (OR 0.85 95% CI 0.77–0.94) with lower odds. Among males, absence of college/university degree (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.45–1.68) and socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.16) were associated with higher odds, while loneliness (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.97), irritability (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.99) and history of psychiatric consultation (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.97) were associated with lower odds.

Conclusion
Sociodemographic factors predicted the odds of COVID-19 infection equally among male and female participants, while psychological factors had differential impacts.
Evaluation of various scoring systems as predictors of the need for intensive care unit admission and other adverse outcomes among patients with acute clozapine poisoning
Authors: Lashin Heba I , Sharif Asmaa F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Acute clozapine poisoning (ACP) is frequently reported worldwide. We evaluated the efficacy of the Poison Severity Score (PSS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) as predictors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), mortality, and length of hospital stay in patients with ACP. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using records of patients diagnosed with ACP from January 2017 to June 2022 and admitted to an Egyptian poison control center. Analyzing 156 records showed that all assessed scores were significant predictors of the studied outcomes. The PSS and APACHE II score showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) as ICU admission predictors with insignificant variations. The APACHE II score showed the best discriminatory power in predicting MV and mortality. Nevertheless, MEWS exhibited the highest odds ratio (OR) as an ICU predictor (OR = 2.39, and 95% confidence interval = 1.86–3.27) and as a mortality predictor (OR = 1.98, and 95% confidence interval = 1.16–4.41). REMS and MEWS were better predictors of length of hospital stay compared with the APACHE II score. The simpler, lab-independent nature and the comparable discrimination but higher odds ratio of MEWS compared with APACHE II score justify MEWS’ superior utility as an outcome predictor in ACP. We recommend using either the APACHE II score or MEWS, depending on the availability of laboratory investigations, resources, and the case’s urgency. Otherwise, the MEWS is a substantially feasible, economical, and bedside alternative outcome predictor in ACP.
New developments related to lung complications in pediatric rheumatic disease
Authors: Rai Shipra , Schulert Grant S. , Towe Christopher 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
While substantial progress has been made understanding lung disease in adult patients with rheumatic disease, pediatric lung disease has not been well addressed. Several recent studies provide new insights into diagnosis, management and treatment of lung disease in children with rheumatic disease.

Recent findings
Building on previous research, newly diagnosed patients may have abnormalities in pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography imaging even when asymptomatic. New guidelines for screening for rheumatic-associated lung disease provide important recommendations for clinicians. New theories have been proposed about immunologic shifts leading to the development of lung disease in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Additionally, there are new antifibrotic agents that are being explored as treatments in pediatric patients with fibrotic lung diseases.

Summary
Patients appear to have frequent lung function abnormalities while being clinically asymptomatic, emphasizing importance for rheumatologists to refer for pulmonary function tests and imaging at diagnosis. New advances are helping define optimal approaches to treatment of lung disease, including use of biologic agents and antifibrotic medicines for pediatric patients with rheumatologic diseases.
Identification of Seniors at Risk Score to Determine Geriatric Evaluations on Trauma Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Long Taylor K. , Booza Stephanie D. , Turner Lauren N. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Trauma centers are confronted with rising numbers of geriatric trauma patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. Geriatric screening is advocated but not standardized within trauma centers.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to describe the impact of Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) screening on patient outcomes and geriatric evaluations.

METHODS:
This study used a pre-/postdesign to assess the impact of ISAR screening on patient outcomes and geriatric evaluations in trauma patients 60 years and older, comparing the periods before (2014–2016) and after (2017–2019) screening implementation.

RESULTS:
Charts for 1,142 patients were reviewed. Comparing pre- to post-ISAR groups, the post-ISAR group with geriatric evaluations were older (M = 82.06, SD = 9.51 vs. M = 83.64, SD = 8.69; p = .026) with higher Injury Severity Scores (M = 9.22, SD = 0.69 vs. M = 9.38, SD = 0.92; p = .001). There was no significant difference in length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, readmission rate, hospice consults, or inhospital mortality. Inhospital mortality (n = 8/380, 2.11% vs. n = 4/434, 0.92%) and length of stay in hours (M = 136.49, SD = 67.09 vs. M = 132.53, SD = 69.06) down-trended in the postgroup with geriatric evaluation.

CONCLUSION:
Resources and care coordination efforts can be directed toward specific geriatric screening scores to achieve optimal outcomes. Varying results were found related to outcomes of geriatric evaluations prompting future research.
Evaluating the Effect of a Dosing and Titration Protocol on Dexmedetomidine-Induced Hypotension in Trauma Patients
Authors: Kurtz Peyton M. , VanLandingham Jason , Cormican Michael , Gibson Kyle , Roebuck Leslie 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Dexmedetomidine is an α-2 receptor agonist commonly used as a continuous infusion for sedation and analgesia; however, dose-dependent hypotension may limit its utility. Despite its widespread use, there is no consensus on appropriate dosing and titration.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to determine whether a dexmedetomidine dosing and titration protocol is associated with decreased rates of hypotension in trauma patients.

METHODS:
This pre-post intervention study took place at a Level II trauma center in the Southeastern United States from August 2021 to March 2022 and included patients admitted by the trauma service to either the surgical trauma intensive care unit or intermediate care unit and received dexmedetomidine for greater than or equal to 6 hours. Patients were excluded if they were hypotensive or on vasopressors at baseline. The primary outcome was incidence of hypotension. Secondary outcomes included dosing and titration practices, initiation of a vasopressor, incidence of bradycardia, and time to goal Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score.

RESULTS:
Fifty-nine patients met inclusion criteria: 30 in the pre-intervention group and 29 in the post-intervention group. Protocol adherence in the post group was 34% with a median of one violation per patient. Rates of hypotension were similar between the groups (60% vs. 45%, p = .243) but significantly lower in the post group patients with zero protocol violations (60% vs. 20%, p = .029). The post group also had a significantly lower maximal dose (1.1 vs. 0.7 μg/kg/hr, p < .001). There were no significant differences in the initiation of a vasopressor, incidence of bradycardia, or time to goal RASS.

CONCLUSION:
Adherence to a dexmedetomidine dosing and titration protocol significantly decreased incidence of hypotension and maximal dexmedetomidine dose without increasing time to goal RASS score in critically ill trauma patients.
Selective neurectomy for nonflaccid facial palsy
Authors: Ovaitt Alyssa K. , Chweya Cynthia M. , Flynn John 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
To review the evolving role of selective neurectomy in the management of patients with synkinesis including the history of selective neurectomy, operative techniques, and clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
Modified selective neurectomy alone or in conjunction with other procedures achieves more durable outcomes based on objective measures such as time to recurrence of symptoms and units of botulinum toxin required postoperatively. This is also reflected on patient reported quality of life outcome measures. Regarding operative technique, lower rates of oral incompetence are reported with division of an average of 6.7 nerve branches as opposed to more branches.

Summary
Chemodenervation has long been the mainstay of treatment in facial synkinesis, but in recent years, the paradigm has begun to shift in favor of incorporating interventions with more durable outcomes such as modified selective neurectomy. Modified selective neurectomy is often performed with other simultaneous surgeries such as nerve transfer, rhytidectomy, lid surgery and static facial reanimation primarily to address periocular synkinesis and synkinetic smile. The outcomes have been favorable with improvement in quality-of-life measures and a decrease in botulinum toxin requirements.
Comparison of spirometric parameters in athletes engaged in aerobic and anaerobic sports: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajaure Yesha Shree , Thapa Bikalp , Budhathoki Lee , Rana Shavana RL , Khadka Manoj 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Pulmonary function tests are better among athletes than non-athletes. The spirometry parameters may vary among athletes involved in aerobic and anaerobic sports. This study aims to study the difference in spirometry parameters among aerobic and anaerobic sports athletes.

Materials and methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 131 professional athletes. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected from April to November 2022 using a proforma form, entered into Microsoft Excel, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.

Results:
Out of 131 total participants, 65 were involved in aerobic sports, while 66 were in anaerobic sports. The mean age of the participants was 27.34±5 years, the majority being male (n=104). Aerobic athletes had higher differences in forced vital capacity (1.19%, P=0.726) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (3.08%, P=0.315), the difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significantly higher difference in forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (13.42%, P=0.001), forced expiratory flow at 0.2–1.2 l/s (7.47%, P=0.035), and maximum voluntary ventilation (8.58%, P=0.023) values were observed among aerobic athletes.

Conclusion:
Aerobic and anaerobic athletes had no statistically significant difference in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second; however, other spirometry parameters were comparatively better in aerobic athletes.
Magnitude and associated factors of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates admitted to low resource settings: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadasa Shimalis , Tilahun Habtamu , Melkie Mekonnen , Getachew Selamawit , Debele Gebiso R. , Bekele Firomsa 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the medical issues that preterm infants are susceptible to as a result of their difficulty adjusting to life outside the womb. It is bleeding into the ventricular system from the germinal matrix, a highly cellular and vascular tissue that is only seen in preterm newborns and ruptures easily. The study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IVH in preterm neonates.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital (TGSH) from 14 March 2022 to 15 August 2022. The neonatal referral form, the mother’s medical file, an in-person interview with the mother, and bedside cranial sonography were used to collect clinical data. After data were entered into Epi Info and exported to Scientific Program for Social Science (SPSS), analysis was carried out using binary and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
The overall magnitude of IVH in preterm newborns among preterm neonates admitted to TGSH was 53 (27.04%) (95% CI: 20.9–32.2%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a birth weight of between 1500 and 2000 g (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.79) were negative, and those neonates with gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04–4.41) were positively associated with the occurrence of IVH.

Conclusion:
The study discovered that the magnitude of IVH is slightly higher than that of prior studies done in different parts of the world, and those neonates delivered at early gestational ages and those with very low birth weight have a higher incidence of IVH. Both guardians and health providers should give more attention to those neonates born at an early gestational age and with small birth weight.
Keratin isoform shifts modulate motility signals during wound healing
Authors: Nanes Benjamin A , Bhatt Kushal , Boujemaa-Paterski Rajaa , Azarova Evgenia , Munawar Sabahat , Rajendran Divya , Isogai Tadamoto , Dean Kevin M , Medalia Ohad , Danuser Gaudenz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKeratin intermediate filaments form strong mechanical scaffolds that confer structural stability to epithelial tissues, but the reason this function requires a protein family with 54 isoforms is not understood. During skin wound healing, a shift in keratin isoform expression alters the composition of keratin filaments. How this change modulates cellular function to support epidermal remodeling remains unclear. We report an unexpected effect of keratin isoform variation on kinase signal transduction. Increased expression of wound-associated keratin 6A, but not of steady-state keratin 5, potentiated keratinocyte migration and wound closure without compromising epidermal stability by activating myosin motors. This pathway depended on isoform-specific interaction between intrinsically disordered keratin head domains and non-filamentous vimentin shuttling myosin-activating kinases. These results substantially expand the functional repertoire of intermediate filaments from their canonical role as mechanical scaffolds to include roles as isoform-tuned signaling scaffolds that organize signal transduction cascades in space and time to influence epithelial cell state.
Submitochondrial Protein Translocation Upon Stress Inhibits Thermogenic Energy Expenditure
Authors: Haczeyni Fahrettin , Steensels Sandra , Stein Benjamin D. , Jordan James M. , Li Le , Dartigue Vincent , Sarklioglu Selenay S. , Qiao Jixuan , Zhou Xi K. , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Iyengar Neil M. , Yu Haiyuan , Cantley Lewis C. , Ersoy Baran A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMitochondria-rich brown adipocytes dissipate cellular fuel as heat by thermogenic energy expenditure (TEE). Prolonged nutrient excess or cold exposure impair TEE and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report that stress-induced proton leak into the matrix interface of mitochondrial innermembrane (IM) mobilizes a group of proteins from IM into matrix, which in turn alter mitochondrial bioenergetics. We further determine a smaller subset that correlates with obesity in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. We go on to show that the top factor on this short list, acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 (ACOT9), migrates from the IM into the matrix upon stress where it enzymatically deactivates and prevents the utilization of acetyl-CoA in TEE. The loss of ACOT9 protects mice against the complications of obesity by maintaining unobstructed TEE. Overall, our results introduce aberrant protein translocation as a strategy to identify pathogenic factors.One-Sentence SummaryThermogenic stress impairs mitochondrial energy utilization by forcing translocation of IM-bound proteins into the matrix.