bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updates on Compositional MRI Mapping of the Cartilage: Emerging Techniques and Applications
Authors: Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Menon Rajiv G. , de Moura Hector L. , Zhang Xiaoxia , Kijowski Richard , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: April 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely occurring degenerative joint disease that is severely debilitating and causes significant socioeconomic burdens to society. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for the morphological evaluation of cartilage due to its excellent soft tissue contrast and high spatial resolution. However, its utilization typically involves subjective qualitative assessment of cartilage. Compositional MRI, which refers to the quantitative characterization of cartilage using a variety of MRI methods, can provide important information regarding underlying compositional and ultrastructural changes that occur during early OA. Cartilage compositional MRI could serve as early imaging biomarkers for the objective evaluation of cartilage and help drive diagnostics, disease characterization, and response to novel therapies. This review will summarize current and ongoing state‐of‐the‐art cartilage compositional MRI techniques and highlight emerging methods for cartilage compositional MRI including MR fingerprinting, compressed sensing, multiexponential relaxometry, improved and robust radio‐frequency pulse sequences, and deep learning‐based acquisition, reconstruction, and segmentation. The review will also briefly discuss the current challenges and future directions for adopting these emerging cartilage compositional MRI techniques for use in clinical practice and translational OA research studies.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Presurgical MRI‐Based Radiomics Models for Predicting Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome in Children With Posterior Fossa Tumors
Authors: Yang Wei , Yang Ping , Li Yiming , Chen Jiahui , Chen Jiashu , Cai Yingjie , Zhu Kaiyi , Zhang Hong , Li Yanhua , Peng Yun , Ge Ming 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundCurrent studies have indicated that tumoral morphologic features are associated with cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), but the radiomics application in CMS is scarce.PurposeTo develop a model for CMS discrimination based on multiparametric MRI radiomics in patients with posterior fossa tumors.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 218 patients (males 132, females 86) with posterior fossa tumors, 169 of which were included in the MRI radiomics analysis. The MRI radiomics study cohort (169) was split into training (119) and testing (50) sets with a ratio of 7:3.Field/SequenceAll the MRI were acquired under 1.5/3.0 T scanners. T2‐weighted image (T2W), T1‐weighted (T1W), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).AssessmentApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated from DWI. Each MRI dataset generated 1561 radiomics characteristics. Feature selection was performed with univariable logistic analysis, correlation analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized logistic regression. Significant clinical features were selected with multivariable logistic analysis and used to constructed the clinical model. Radiomics models (based on T1W, T2W, FLAIR, DWI, ADC) were constructed with selected radiomics features. The mix model was based on the multiparametric MRI radiomics features.Statistical TestMultivariable logistic analysis was utilized during clinical features selection. Models' performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve. Interobserver variability was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Significant threshold was set as P < 0.05.ResultsSex (aOR = 3.72), tumor location (aOR = 2.81), hydrocephalus (aOR = 2.14), and tumor texture (aOR = 5.08) were significant features in the multivariable analysis and were used to construct the clinical model (AUC = 0.79); totally, 33 radiomics features were selected to construct radiomics models (AUC = 0.63–0.93). Seven of the 33 radiomics features were selected for the mix model (AUC = 0.93).Data ConclusionMultiparametric MRI radiomics may be better at predicting CMS than single‐parameter MRI models and clinical model.Evidence Level4.Technical Efficacy2.
Investigation of palladium gated polarity controllable FET as a highly sensitive and robust hydrogen gas sensor
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Kaur Harsupreet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper investigates the design and performance of a novel palladium gated‐polarity controllable Field Effect Transistor (FET) (PC‐FET) for hydrogen gas sensing applications. In the present work, catalytic sensing metal gate (palladium) is chosen as control gate (CG) and hydrogen gas molecules are exposed on the region controlled by CG. A compact analytical model has been derived for PC‐FET based sensor and the performance of the proposed gas sensor has been examined in terms of energy band profile, surface potential, electric field, transfer characteristics and transconductance and the derived analytical results are verified using TCAD simulated results. Furthermore, the sensitivity metrics such as threshold voltage sensitivity, drain current sensitivity, transconductance sensitivity and ION/OFF sensitivity have also been extensively investigated for both modes of proposed sensor for a wide range of pressure that is, 10−14–10−8 Torr.
Melanoma metastatic to the adrenal gland: An update on the role of adrenalectomy in multidisciplinary management
Authors: Asare Elliot A. , Fisher Sarah B. , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Haydu Lauren E. , Patel Sameer H. , Keung Emily Z. , Lucci Anthony , Wargo Jennifer , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Ross Merrick I. , Lee Jeffrey. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesModern systemic therapy (immune checkpoint blockade [ICB], targeted therapy) has improved survival for patients with metastatic melanoma. The role of adrenal metastasectomy is not well characterized in this setting.MethodsConsecutive patients treated with adrenalectomy 1/1/2007–1/1/2019 were retrospectively compared to patients treated with systemic therapy alone in the same time period. Overall survival and survival after adrenal metastasis were compared, prognostic factors associated with survival after adrenal metastasis development were evaluated.ResultsA total of 74 patients underwent adrenalectomy and were compared to 69 treated with systemic therapy alone. The most common indications for adrenalectomy were to render the patient disease‐free in the setting of isolated adrenal metastasis (n = 32, 43.2%) or treatment of isolated progression in the setting of other stable/responding metastases (n = 32, 43.2%). Patients treated surgically had longer survival (116.9 vs. 11.0 months after adrenal metastasis diagnosis, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, receipt of ICB (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.40–0.95]) and selection for adrenalectomy (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: [0.17–0.42]) were the strongest factors associated with improved survival after adrenal metastasis diagnosis.ConclusionsSelective application of adrenal metastasectomy is associated with prolonged survival benefit and remains an important consideration in the multidisciplinary management of patients with metastatic melanoma.
Fisher–KPP equation on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Kashkynbayev Ardak , Suragan Durvudkhan , Torebek Berikbol T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Fisher–KPP equation on the Heisenberg group. We discuss the existence of global solutions, asymptotic behavior of global solutions and blow‐up solutions. Moreover, we extend the obtained results to the time‐fractional Fisher–KPP equation on the Heisenberg group.
Effect of risk aversion on supply chain performance and energy contracting design with financial asymmetry
Authors: Wu Qunli , Xu Xinxin , Tian Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy performance contracting is a contractual arrangement between clients and energy service companies. At present, it is a key tool to implement energy efficiency measures in the existing supply chain management. In this paper, we study the efficiency of the energy performance contracting in a supply chain including one risk‐averse supplier and two risk‐neutral manufacturers with financial asymmetry. The manufacturer with weak finance has no funds to order enough raw materials; thus, the supplier offers a trade credit financing to ensure her normal operation and participate in the competition with the financially strong manufacturer in the market. However, neither manufacturer has extra capitals to develop emission reduction activities. Therefore, the upstream supplier acts as an energy service company and provides an energy performance contracting for two downstream manufacturers to reduce carbon taxes. We analyze important factors such as risk aversion coefficient, carbon tax saving sharing ratio, and variable cost coefficient to explore whether and which manufacturer the supplier should select to provide an energy performance contracting. The results show that, when the risk aversion is high, the supplier will not provide energy‐saving services for any manufacturer. When the risk aversion and the variable cost are low, the supplier tends to offer an energy performance contracting for the manufacturer with weak finance, because the supplier can get more utility from higher wholesale price. However, with the increase of costs, the supplier with a low risk aversion is more willing to provide emission reduction services for the financially strong manufacturer. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that there is always a Pareto region to optimize the utility of supplier and manufacturers, when the supplier provides energy performance contracting for both manufacturers.
Latest audit shows the Diabetes Prevention Programme is pressing ahead in tackling non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and type 2 risk
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: April 2023

Findings from the latest National Diabetes Audit of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) may point the way forward in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes.As shown by the audit, inequity of outcomes and variations in care processes still prevail, along with the need to refer people with non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia to the DPP. The audit report's recommended measures to address these could be a promising route forward. Steve Chaplin reports.
Embedding guidelines into clinical practice
Authors: Winter Judy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk‐reduction strategies beyond glycaemic control. Cardiovascular and metabolic derangements individually and interdependently lead to a substantial increase in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease is also associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality and decreased quality of life. Established and evolving treatment strategies including moderate physical activity, weight reduction, rigorous blood pressure control, correction of dyslipidaemia, and glycaemic control have proven beneficial in reversing these abnormal responses and decreasing the cardiovascular risk. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are treated by their primary health care team who need guidance in choosing the best treatment regimens for their patients since the number of glucose‐lowering agents is rapidly increasing, as is the amount of clinical data regarding these drugs. Early intervention models of care improve glycaemic, cardiovascular and patient outcomes. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Every breath you take
Authors: Naples Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractESG. Three small letters perhaps, but they are having a huge impact on science, industry, and everyday life. In industries that operate in hazardous environments, such as oil and gas mining and refineries, those letters stand for much more than environmental, social, and governance policies. They represent a framework around which an entirely new operational structure must be built, changing every level of a business from the top down.
Sensitive and Label‐Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for Alpha Fetoprotein Based on N‐Doped Hollow Nanocarbon Spheres Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Shiyun , Lin Yun , Lin Zhihui , Shi Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of liver cancer, thus designing simple and effective method to detect AFP great significance. In this work, N‐doped hollow nanocarbon spheres decorated with gold nanoparticles (NHNS/Au) hybrids were produced and adopted as the material for modifying electrode to assemble a simple and sensitive label‐free electrochemical immunosensor of AFP. Scanning‐/transmission‐electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray technology and electrochemical methods were introduced to characterize the NHNS/Au nanohybrids; and AFP antibody was assembled on the modified electrode surface based on “Au−S” bond between Au and antibody. By introducing [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− as the signal probe, its electrochemical signal can be suppressed when AFP was bonded by AFP antibody, thus a simple and effective immunosensor of AFP was constructed. After optimizing the related testing conditions, a wide linearity from 0.0 to 15.0 ng mL−1 and a low analytic limitation of 0.06 pg mL−1 were achieved for AFP analysis. Furthermore, the proposed simple and label‐free immunosensor was applied successfully in human serum for AFP analysis and the received results are satisfactory, revealing the designed proposal offers a significant clinical application for AFP detection.
Mechanism of Bile‐Processed Coptidis Rhizoma to Treat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Dong Zhaowei , Yang Jingjing , Tian Maoying , Wang Xi , Qin Xiaoyan , Huang Qinwan , Wang Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBile‐processed Coptidis Rhizoma (DL) is a unique processed product of Coptidis Rhizoma in traditional Chinese medicines, it's commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by folk Chinese physicians, but information about its active components and mechanism of action are still lacking. Network pharmacology combined with a molecular docking approach was used to screen for possible mechanisms to predict DL for treating NAFLD in T2DM. Validation of the effects of DL on key protein‐related effects such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and insulin resistance inhibition through pharmacological assays. 32 components in DL were identified and 558 target targets were obtained. A total of 6165 targets related to T2DM, 5306 targets related to NAFLD were intersected with the component targets to obtain 329 common targets. PPI network analysis showed that 55 targets may be key targets for DL treatment of NAFLD inT2DM. Molecular docking showed that the components were well bound to the protein. The therapeutic effects of DL through anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation and alleviation of insulin resistance were validated based on animal studies. This study provides a solid basis and scientific rationale for the mechanism of DL and its application in the treatment of NAFLD in T2DM and other related diseases.
Metallo‐phthalocyanines Containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole Substituents: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Akyüz Duygu , Demirbaş Ümit , Bekircan Olcay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe 4‐[5‐(undecylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenol (3)and 4‐(4‐(5‐(undecylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (5)were prepared viasubstitution reactions. Metallo‐phthalocyanines (6–9) were obtained by the cyclotetramerization of the phthalonitrile (5). The structures of novel compounds were verified using IR, 1H‐NMR, mass, UV‐Vis methods. Electrochemical characterization of synthesized MPcs (6–9)was carried out by the CV and SWV techniques in DCM/TBAP electrolyte. While MnClPc and CoPc complexes exhibited metal‐based and ring‐based reduction redox couples, CuPc and NiPc gave two ring‐based reduction redox couples. Spectroelectrochemical measurements were performed to observe the color transition during the reduction and oxidation reactions. Thus, the potentials of using the complexes as electrochromic materials were investigated. The CoPc gave the Q band at 667 nm with a shoulder at 663 nm. When the potential was applied to the cell, the intensity of Q band decreased with a shift in wavelength (from 667 nm to 663 nm). In addition, the natural turquoise color (x=0.2720, y=0.3366) of CoPc turned to greenish blue color (x=0.3080, y=0.3461). During the oxidation reactions, CuPc and NiPc gave ring‐based oxidation species. The intensity of Q bands decreased without shift. As a result of the in‐situ spectroelectrochemical measurements, it was observed that CuPc and NiPc, have sharper color transitions and have the potential to be used as electrochromic materials.
Doping SiO2 in CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2/SAPO‐34 Composite for the CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefins
Authors: Tang Xiaohua , Mao Yuzhong , Zhou Ning , Liu Rong , Zha Fei , Tian Haifeng , Chang Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPromoting the activity of catalyst, achieving high CO2 conversion and increasing light olefins yield are important in CO2 hydrogenation to olefin. Herein, SiO2 was doped in CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2 to form multi‐oxides of CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2 by co‐precipitation method, and the multi‐oxides was mixed with SAPO‐34 molecular sieves mechanically to form a composite catalyst of CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2/SAPO‐34. Compared with CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2, doping of SiO2 increases the dispersion and thermal stability of metal oxides, provides more sites for CO2 activated, and delays the aggregation of metal particles at higher temperature. Doped SiO2 can also adsorb the water from hydrogenation process to improve the olefins yield and hinder the formation of CO from reverse water gas shift. Thus, under the condition of reaction temperature at 420 °C, pressure of 3.0 MPa, space velocity of 1800 mL gcat−1 h−1, CO2/H2 (molar ratio) of 1 : 3 and the mass ratio of CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2 (containing 8 % SiO2) to SAPO‐34 of 1 : 1, the direct CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins on CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2/SAPO‐34 shows that the conversion of CO2 is 53.9 % and the selectivity of light olefins is 52.9 %, while the CO selectivity is only 13.6 %.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrimidine‐Based Novel Phthalonitrile Resins with Excellent Processing Performance and High Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wu Minjie , Rong Jianxin , Zhang Xinyang , Han Wenshuang , Zhao Tao , Chen Xinggang , Naito Kimiyoshi , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Qingxin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThree phthalonitrile monomers containing pyrimidine ring and benzene ring side group were successfully synthesized with 4, 6‐dichloro‐2‐phenylpyrimidine, three kinds of phenols (resorcinol, bisphenol A and bisphenol AF) and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile via nucleophilic substitution reaction. All the phthalonitrile monomers exhibited excellent processing performance due to low melting points (Tm) (below 100 °C) and wide processing windows (difference between melting temperature and curing temperature) above 140 °C. By introducing pyrimidine ring and benzene ring side group, the lower melting point of monomers did not affect the thermal stability and thermal mechanical properties of the phthalonitrile resins based on different bisphenols. In particular, 5 % thermal decomposition temperature (T5%) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of phthalonitrile resin based on resorcinol surpassed 455 and 400 °C while storage modulus (E′) was 3209 MPa. Therefore, phthalonitrile resin containing pyrimidine ring and benzene ring side group have potential applications in the field of high temperature resistant polymers and composites.
Design, Synthesis, In‐silico Studies and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Indazole Derivatives as Small Molecule Inhibitors of B‐Raf
Authors: Pingili Divya , Svum Prasad , Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractB‐Raf, a proto‐oncogene that encodes the B‐Raf protein in the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk (MAPK) pathway, is important in directing cell development and differentiation, mutation of which results in various types of cancers. A series of novel indazole derivatives were synthesized employing scaffold‐based approach and characterized by the spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to molecular docking to assess their binding affinity with the protein. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds revealed their compliance with Lipinski's rule. The antiproliferative capacity of the synthesized derivatives was assessed by screening them against the human melanoma cell lines Skmel‐23 and A375, which express B‐Raf in wild‐type and mutant forms, respectively. Compounds with 2‐chloro and 2‐cyano‐4‐isoproxy substitutions elicited potent inhibition against melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 40.11 and 13.37 μM against Skmel‐23 and 16.89, 15.57 μM against A375 cells respectively. The compounds manifested greater potential than the standard doxorubicin. In order to detect changes in cell morphology and evaluate their apoptotic potential; these substances were subjected to morphological screening. Both cell lines were shown to be strongly inhibited by the 2‐cyano‐4‐isoproxy substituted indazole derivative; making it a prospective therapeutic candidate for targeting both wild‐type and mutant B‐Raf forms.
In silico and in vitro Identification of Compounds with Dual Pharmacological Activity against Metionyl‐tRNA Synthetase and Isoleucyl‐tRNA Synthetase of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Takeuchi Masamune , Teshima Mio , Okubo Saya , Aoki Shunsuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe spread of drug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in hospitals and communities poses a serious medical threat. This study aimed to identify aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase inhibitors with antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. In silico structure‐based drug screening using docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) was performed targeting S. aureus metionyl‐tRNA synthetase (saMetRS). Ten candidate compounds were selected by screening a compound 3D structure library with 154,118 compounds. One compound (Compound 9) showed a strong inhibitory effect in growth inhibition studies using Staphylococcus epidermidis. From the experiments verifying the dose‐dependent effect, the IC50 value of Compound 9 was determined to be 3.74 μM. MDSs predicted that Compound 9 exhibits inhibitory activity against saMetRS and S. aureus isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase, which belongs to the same subclass Ia. Compound 9 with its polypharmacological activity is not susceptible to drug resistance and is expected to have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy.