bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Strategies after Intentional Weight Loss: Results from the MAINTAIN-pc Randomized Trial
Authors: Halliday Tanya M. , McFadden Molly , Cedillo Maribel , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Hess Rachel , Bryce Cindy , Fischer Gary S. , Huber Kimberly , McTigue Kathleen M. , Conroy Molly B. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Weight maintenance after intentional weight loss is challenging and often unsuccessful. Physical activity and self-monitoring are strategies associated with successful weight loss maintenance. However, less is known about the type and number of lifestyle strategies used after intentional weight loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and amounts of strategies associated with successful long-term weight loss maintenance.

Methods
Data from the 24-month Maintaining Activity and Nutrition Through Technology-Assisted Innovation in Primary Care (MAINTAIN-pc) trial were analyzed. MAINTAIN-pc recruited adults (n = 194; 53.4 ± 12.2 yr of age; body mass index, 30.4 ± 5.9 kg·m−2; 74% female) with recent intentional weight loss of ≥5%, randomized to tracking tools plus coaching (i.e., coaching group) or tracking tools without coaching (i.e., tracking-only group). At baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months, participants reported lifestyle strategies used in the past 6 months, including self-monitoring, group support, behavioral skills, and professional support. General linear models evaluated changes in the number of strategies over time between groups and the consistency of strategies used over the 24-month intervention.

Results
At baseline, 100% used behavioral skills, 73% used group support, 69% used self-monitoring, and 68% used professional support in the past 6 months; at 24 months, these rates were 98%, 60%, 75%, and 61%, respectively. Although the number of participants utilizing individual strategies did not change significantly over time, the overall number of strategies participants reported decreased. More strategies were used at baseline and 6 months compared with 12- and 24-month follow-ups. The coaching group used more strategies at months 6 and 12 than the tracking-only group. Consistent use of professional support strategies over the 24-month study period was associated with less weight regain.

Conclusion
Weight loss maintenance interventions that incorporate continued follow-up and support from healthcare professionals are likely to prevent weight regain after intentional weight loss.
Evaluation of additive manufacturing processes in the production of oculo-palpebral prosthesis
Authors: Eyzaguirre Diego , Salazar-Gamarra Rodrigo , Binasco Lengua Salvatore , Lauria Dib Luciano 
Published: February 2023

Background: Within the broad spectrum of rehabilitation, maxillofacial prostheses are those that are made to restore the appearance of a person who has suffered facial deformation due to cancer, accidents, congenital diseases, among others. Although these are not made to restore functionality, they have a major impact on restoring the patient's quality of life as it is an area so closely linked to their identity. For his reason, they have to be carefully tailored for each patient, which tends to increase cost and production time Objectives: The purpose of this research is to compare different additive manufacturing mechanisms, to evaluate which of them achieves the best reproduction of the leather details and maintains the desired dimensional properties. Methods: The manufacturing equipment will be selected comparing 7 different 3D printing of an oculo-palpebral model for a future maxillofacial prosthesis, obtained from the “Mais Identidade” Method. They were evaluated according to their economic, physical and aesthetic characteristics. Results: The results of the evaluations show that: the highest score in the economic evaluation was obtained by PhotonS; in the physical evaluation it was obtained by PhotonS, Phrozen Suffle XL and PRO95; and in the aesthetic evaluation it was obtained by PRO95 and Objet500. Finally, according to the multi-criteria evaluation, the highest score was obtained by the Photon S and PRO95.
Strategic Competition and Self-Confidence
Authors: Brilon Stefanie , Grassi Simona , Grieder Manuel , Schulz Jonathan F. 
Published: February 2023

This study tests the hypothesis that competitive strategic interactions foster overconfidence. We experimentally compare a strategic environment in which players have an incentive to overstate their own ability to deter competitors and avoid competition with a nonstrategic environment in which these incentives are removed. Subsequently, we measure the participants’ confidence. Overconfidence persists in the former environment but vanishes in the latter. We provide evidence for three mechanisms that contribute to the persistence of overconfidence. First, participants who win uncontested update their confidence as if they had won in an actual competition. Second, by contrast, participants who do not compete do not update their confidence, thus creating an asymmetry in updating. Third, inflated ability messages are “contagious” because they affect positively how their receivers update their confidence. We provide empirical evidence on the role of these mechanisms to explain the Dunning–Kruger effect and gender differences in confidence. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4688 .
What outcomes have been reported on patients following open lower limb fracture, and how have they been measured?
Authors: Aquilina Alexander L. , Claireaux Henry , Aquilina Christian O. , Tutton Elizabeth , Fitzpatrick Raymond , Costa Matthew L. , Griffin Xavier L. 
Published: February 2023

AimsOpen lower limb fracture is a life-changing injury affecting 11.5 per 100,000 adults each year, and causes significant morbidity and resource demand on trauma infrastructures. This study aims to identify what, and how, outcomes have been reported for people following open lower limb fracture over ten years.MethodsSystematic literature searches identified all clinical studies reporting outcomes for adults following open lower limb fracture between January 2009 and July 2019. All outcomes and outcome measurement instruments were extracted verbatim. An iterative process was used to group outcome terms under standardized outcome headings categorized using an outcome taxonomy.ResultsA total of 532 eligible studies were identified, reporting 1,803 outcomes with 786 unique outcome terms, which collapsed to 82 standardized outcome headings. Overall 479 individual outcome measurement instruments were identified, including 298 outcome definitions, 27 patient- and 18 clinician-reported outcome measures, and six physical performance measures. The most-reported outcome was ‘bone union/healing’ reported in over 50% of included studies, while health-related quality of life was only measured in 6% of included studies.ConclusionOutcomes reported for people recovering from open lower limb fracture are heterogeneous, liable to outcome reporting bias, and vary widely in the definitions and the measurement tools used to collect them. Outcomes likely to be important to patients, such as quality of life and measures of physical functioning, have been neglected. This systematic review identifies the need to unify outcome measures reported on patients recovering from open lower limb fracture; this may be addressed by creating a core outcome set.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):138–146.
ChAOS: The University of Chicago Adaptive Optics System
Authors: Kibblewhite Edward , Wild Walter , Carter Barbara , Chun Mark , Shi Fang , Smutko Michael , Farmiga Nestor 
Published: February 2023

We describe an affordable sodium laser beacon adaptive optics system for near IR astronomical research at the Apache Point 3.5m observatory.
The successful incorporation of adaptive optics technology to major astronomical observatories for near IR and visible operation demands that these systems ultimately be: (a) functional over the entire sky, (b) affordable, maintainable, reliable, and reasonably compact, and (c) possess a well-designed user interface for ease of operation. Motivated by these considerations, we have designed a system (ChAOS) that will use a high altitude sodium beacon as a reference source. This will enable full-sky coverage as long as an 18th magnitude natural star resides within the isoplanatic patch for tip-tilt correction. The sodium star will be created with an MIT Lincoln Laboratories laser-diode-pumped sum frequency laser operating with 15W average output power at 589nm. A dc lateral shearing interferometer wavefront sensor has been designed, and is under development in our laboratory, which uses low read noise CCD arrays. Detailed calculations have been made of the performance of this wavefront sensor, a quad-cell Hartmann array system, and minimal variance (Cramer-Rao bound) wavefront sensors, for beacons formed by optimally focused Gaussian laser beams propagating through the atmosphere; results of these calculations will be summarized. A vigorous program is underway for the development of low-cost, repairable, and reliable continuous facesheet deformable mirrors. The control system, real-time wavefront digital reconstructor, and a high-voltage deformable mirror multiplex interface driver are also being built for ChAOS. An overview of these ChAOS components and the design and expectations of the integrated system will be presented.
Multiquantum well infrared detectors
Authors: Rosencher E. , Bois P. , Duboz J. Y. , Vinter B. , Nagle J. 
Published: February 2023

Carrier confinement in ultrathin semiconductor heterostructures leads to energy quantization. These artificial energy levels can be tailored to match any optical transition in the 3–20-µm-photon wavelength range by adjusting the quantum well width and the barrier composition. Optical transitions between bound and extended levels of these quantum wells give rise to a photocurrent, which is exploited for photon detection in Quantum Well Infrared Photoconductors (QWIPs). In this communication, we summarize the present understanding of the physics of QWIP detection: photoexcited carrier emission and capture probability, contact injection, and noise mechanisms. We also present the current status of the QWIP technology for infrared staring arrays and illustrate the major advantages of this new technology:
• Standard III-V substrates and technology, thermal stability, uniformity, large areas, low development costs, radiation hardness
• Adjustability from 3 to 20 µm
• New functions: multispectrality, spectrophotometry, band switching, optical reading.
Superbroadband laser for near IR, visible and UV spectral regions
Authors: Zverev Petr G. , Fedorov Vladimir V. , Basiev Tasoltan T. 
Published: February 2023

In this report we discuss principles of recently developed superbroadband laser (SBL) oscillation and namely with
LiF:F
2
−
and LiF:F
2
+
color center crystalline active element [1]. SBL optical scheme provides three types of laser oscillation spectrum: simultaneous superbroadband; multi-frequency or single-line tunable at the fundamental wavelength in the near IR from 850 to 1250 nm wavelength. The oscillation was realized due to a new laser cavity configuration [2]. The main idea of SBL operation consists in the independent oscillation of different parts of the active element with certain wavelengths from the amplification band of the active medium. The near IR output radiation of SBL has a spatially spread "rainbow'' spectra.
Room temperature cw GaAs and GaAIAs lasers
Authors: Gill Robert B. 
Published: February 2023

During the past 8 years, compounds of Ga1−
x
Al
x
As have been the subject of intensive study for the reproducible fabrication of reliable ir emitting lasers capable of sustained cw operation at and above room temperature. Numerous types of stripe-geometry double heterojunction lasers have been proposed and demonstrated including:
(1) lasers with contact stripes isolated using an insulator such as silicon dioxide;
(2) lasers with contact stripes isolated by bounding regions of high resistivity GaAs formed by proton bombardment;
(3) lasers with contact stripes isolated by bounding p−n junction regions which are reversed biased during laser operation.
Optimal deployment of automated external defibrillators in a long and narrow environment
Authors: Lin Chih-Hao , Chu Kuan-Chao , Lee Jung-Ting , Kao Chung-Yao 
Published: February 2023

Aim of the study
Public access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) plays a key role in increasing survival outcomes for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Based on the concept of maximizing “rescue benefit” of AEDs, we aimed to propose a systematic methodology for optimizing the deployment of AEDs, and develop such strategies for long and narrow spaces.

Methods
We classified the effective coverage of an AED in hot, warm, and cold zones. The AEDs were categorized, according to their accessibility, as fixed, summonable, or patrolling types. The overall rescue benefit of the AEDs were evaluated by the weighted size of their collective hot zones. The optimal strategies for the deployment of AEDs were derived mathematically and numerically verified by computer programs.

Results
To maximize the overall rescue benefit of the AEDs, the AEDs should avoid overlapping with each other’s coverage as much as possible. Specific rules for optimally deploying one, two, or multiple AEDs, and various types of AEDs are summarized and presented.

Conclusion
A methodology for assessing the rescue benefit of deployed AEDs was proposed, and deployment strategies for maximizing the rescue benefit of AEDs along a long, narrow, corridor-like, finite space were derived. The strategies are simple and readily implementable. Our methodology can be easily generalized to search for optimal deployment of AEDs in planar areas or three-dimensional spaces.
Atherogenic dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients of five health facilities in Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Ousman , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Ebrahim Endris , Fiseha Mesfin , Gedefie Alemu , Ali Abdurrahman , Ebrahim Hussen , Tilahun Mihret 
Published: February 2023

Background
One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is atherogenic dyslipidemia. There was, however, little information available in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and related risk factors in Northeast Ethiopian hypertension patients.

Materials and methods
A systematic random sampling technique was used to perform a cross-sectional study at an institution with 384 chosen participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the respondents. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson’s Chi-square test were employed to compare groups based on the type of data. Furthermore, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with dyslipidemia. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed. In all cases, statistical significance was declared at p <0.05.

Results
The majority (93.2%; 95%CI: 90.6–95.6) of patients had at least one atherogenic dyslipidemia. The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated triglyceride (TG), raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were 47.7%, 50.3%, 44.3%, and 59.6%, respectively. Being≥ 40 years were at higher risk for having elevated levels of TC (AOR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.40–4.32), TG (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.61–3.79), and LDL-c (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.0–10.95) than those who were below 40years. Obese participants were more likely to have high concentrations of TC (AOR: 2.57, 95%CI: 2.10–3.22), LDL-c (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.97–5.10), HDL-c (AOR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.77–4.58), and TG (AOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.79–4.16).

Conclusion
This study revealed that a high prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Thus, to prevent atherogenic dyslipidemia, it is crucial to create routine blood lipid testing programs and carry out suitable intervention programs focused on risk factor reduction.
Emotional, inflammatory, and genetic factors of resilience and vulnerability to depression in patients with premenopausal breast cancer: A longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Almeida Susana S. , Oliveira Magda A. , Medeiros Rui , Guerra Marina P. , Pariante Carmine M. , Fernandes Lia 
Published: February 2023

Background
Psychosocial stress and depressive disorder have been associated with cancer as putative contributors to worse prognosis. On the other hand, cancer diagnosis is a recognised life event that can contribute to distress and depressive states. Humoral and cellular inflammation can promote depressive disorder by means of decreased monoamine synthesis, glutamate neurotoxicity, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and glucocorticoid resistance. This protocol objectives are to observe the interactions between psychosocial variables and biochemical and immunological biomarkers in a longitudinal, prospective design; to identify inflammation-related depression endophenotypes in breast cancer patients and to understand if early diagnosed and treated depression in this population will translate in better inflammation status and better global prognosis.

Methods
Prospective observational cohort, composed by 100 consecutive premenopausal patients, diagnosed with non-distant metastatic breast carcinoma and with no history of major psychopathology or other organic illness. The participants will have an in-person assessment in three different moments, along illness treatment and follow-up, with respect to cytometric, immunologic, and psychosocial parameters and will be tested for depression vulnerability and resilience inflammation-related functional genetic polymorphisms. Additionally, at years 5 and 10 post enrollment, patients`medical records will be assessed. As a control cohort, all patients excluded due to psychiatric history or past psychiatric treatments will have their clinical records assessed at years 5 and 10 after admission. All the data will be managed with the SPSS® software.

Discussion and conclusion
This study is an original longitudinal cohort of breast cancer premenopausal patients, with a comprehensive approach to psychosocial, clinical, inflammatory, and genetic variables. It expects to provide evidence regarding the links between genetic, cytometric, immunologic, and psychosocial factors, their potential contribution to the pathophysiology of depressive disorder, breast cancer course, progression, and prognosis. It may further contribute with data to better efficacy of the psycho-oncological interventions.

Trial registration
National Commission of Data Protection (CNPD) 13413/2017; Ethics Committee of IPOP project code CI-IPOP81/2017.
Knowledge, beliefs and practices towards HIV/AIDS among adolescents in India: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Patsani Pranita , Parida Jayashree , Panda Arpita , Jena Susangita , Behera Swati Sukalyani , Pradhan Abinash , Patra Prasanna Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Kaur Harpreet , Acharya Subhendu Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major health concern among Indian adolescents (10–19 years). Indian adolescents lack adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS and adopt wrong practices. The present scoping review aims to understand the status of knowledge, beliefs and practices among Indian adolescents about HIV or HIV/AIDS. The present study will also focus on their understanding and the source of knowledge and awareness regarding HIV/AIDS.

Methodology
The recommendations of Arksey and O’Malley in 2005, Levac et al. in 2010 and The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ manual in 2015 to conduct a systematic scoping review will be employed. The review questions, eligibility criteria and search strategy for this study will be ensured by the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) strategy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for reporting of this scoping review. The methodological quality of all the relevant studies will be assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018. Literature search will be carried out by using electronic databases such as PubMed, APA PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Cross-references will be used to extract additional studies.

Ethics and dissemination
As the planned study is based on secondary data and doesn’t involve human and animal subjects, there is no requirement for formal ethical approval.

Strengths and limitations of the study

The planned scoping review is the first of such study on the topic of HIV/AIDS among adolescent population in India as per the electronically available literature.
There will be quality assessment of all the included studies.
A thorough search strategy will be conducted as per the recommendations of the experts in scoping review search.
On limitation side, the planned study will only utilize electronically available resources/evidences that are written in English language.
The planned evidence based study will be of much help for the healthcare professionals and policy makers.
Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals
Authors: Al-Tamimi Mohammad , Tarifi Amjed A. , Qaqish Arwa , Abbas Manal M. , Albalawi Hadeel , Abu-Raideh Jumanah , Salameh Muna , Khasawneh Ashraf I. 
Published: February 2023

Background
The development of specific immunoglobulins to COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination has been proposed. The efficacy and dynamics of this response are not clear yet.

Aim
This study aims to analyze the immunoglobulins response among COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients and random individuals.

Methods
A total of 665 participants including 233 COVID-19 patients, 288 COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and 144 random individuals were investigated for anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM).

Results
Among COVID-19 patients, 22.7% had detectable IgA antibodies with a mean of 27.3±57.1 ng/ml, 29.6% had IgM antibodies with a mean of 188.4±666.0 BAU/ml, while 59.2% had IgG antibodies with a mean of 101.7±139.7 BAU/ml. Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG in 99.3% with a mean of 515.5±1143.5 BAU/ml while 85.7% of Sinopharm vaccine recipients had positive IgG with a mean of 170.0±230.0 BAU/ml. Regarding random individuals, 54.9% had positive IgG with a mean of 164.3±214 BAU/ml. The peak IgM response in COVID-19 patients was detected early at 15–22 days, followed by IgG peak at 16–30 days, and IgA peak at 0–60 days. IgM antibodies disappeared at 61–90 days, while IgG and IgA antibodies decreased slowly after the peak and remained detectable up to 300 days. The frequency of IgG positivity among patients was significantly affected by increased age, admission department (inpatient or outpatient), symptoms, need for oxygen therapy, and increased duration between positive COVID-19 RT PCR test and serum sampling (p˂0.05). Positive correlations were noted between different types of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) among patients.

Conclusions
Natural infection and COIVD-19 vaccines provide IgG-mediated immunity. The class, positivity, mean, efficacy, and duration of immunoglobulins response are affected by the mechanism of immunity and host related variables. Random community individuals had detectable COVID-19 IgG at ~55%, far from reaching herd immunity levels.