bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt and BMP signalling direct anterior–posterior differentiation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Amel Atoosa , Rabeling Alexa , Rossouw Simoné , Goolam Mubeen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Stem-cell-based embryo models have allowed greater insight into peri-implantation mammalian developmental events that are otherwise difficult to manipulate due to the inaccessibility of the early embryo. The rapid development of this field has resulted in the precise roles of frequently used supplements such as N2, B27 and Chiron in driving stem cell lineage commitment not being clearly defined. Here, we investigate the effects of these supplements on embryoid bodies to better understand their roles in stem cell differentiation. We show that Wnt signalling has a general posteriorising effect on stem cell aggregates and directs differentiation towards the mesoderm, as confirmed through the upregulation of posterior and mesodermal markers. N2 and B27 can mitigate these effects and upregulate the expression of anterior markers. To control the Wnt gradient and the subsequent anterior versus posterior fate, we make use of a BMP4 signalling centre and show that aggregates in these conditions express cephalic markers. These findings indicate that there is an intricate balance between various culture supplements and their ability to guide differentiation in stem cell embryo models.
Region-specific reversal of epidermal planar polarity in the rosette fancy mouse
Authors: Cetera Maureen , Sharan Rishabh , Hayward-Lara Gabriela , Phillips Brooke , Biswas Abhishek , Halley Madalene , Beall Evalyn , vonHoldt Bridgett , Devenport Danelle 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway collectively orients cells with respect to a body axis. Hair follicles of the murine epidermis provide a striking readout of PCP activity in their uniform alignment across the skin. Here, we characterize, from the molecular to tissue-scale, PCP establishment in the rosette fancy mouse, a natural variant with posterior-specific whorls in its fur, to understand how epidermal polarity is coordinated across the tissue. We find that rosette hair follicles emerge with reversed orientations specifically in the posterior region, creating a mirror image of epidermal polarity. The rosette trait is associated with a missense mutation in the core PCP gene Fzd6, which alters a consensus site for N-linked glycosylation, inhibiting its membrane localization. Unexpectedly, the Fzd6 trafficking defect does not block asymmetric localization of the other PCP proteins. Rather, the normally uniform axis of PCP asymmetry rotates where the PCP-directed cell movements that orient follicles are reversed, suggesting the PCP axis rotates 180°. Collectively, our multiscale analysis of epidermal polarity reveals PCP patterning can be regionally decoupled to produce posterior whorls in the rosette fancy mouse.
An Exercise Intervention for South Asian Mothers with Risk Factors for Diabetes
Authors: Kandula Namratha R. , Dave Swapna S. , De Chavez Peter John D. , Marquez David X. , Bharucha Himali , Mammen Shinu M. , Dunaif Andrea , Ackermann Ronald T. , Kumar Santosh , Siddique Juned 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
South Asians (Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Sri Lankans, Nepalis, and Bhutanese) in the United States have a very high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This pilot study evaluated a culturally tailored exercise intervention among South Asian immigrant mothers with DM risk factors. Through an academic–community partnership, South Asian women with risk factors for DM and who had at least one child between 6 and 14 yr were enrolled into this single-arm study. The intervention for the mothers included 16 wk of twice weekly exercise classes, self-monitoring with activity trackers, goal setting, and classes on healthy eating. Based on prior community-based participatory research, children were offered exercise classes during the mothers' classes. The primary efficacy outcomes were change in mothers' moderate/vigorous physical activity and body weight pre- and postintervention (16 wk). Program adherence, clinical, and psychosocial outcomes were measured. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted to understand participant perspectives. Participants' (n = 30) average age was 40 yr (SD, 5), 57% had a high school education or less, and all were overweight/obese. At baseline, women were not meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines. Overall, participants attended 75% of exercise classes. Compared with baseline, participants' weight decreased by 3.2 lb (95% confidence interval, −5.5 to −1.0) postintervention. Among women who attended at least 80% of classes (n = 17), weight change was −4.8 lb (95% confidence interval, −7.7 to −1.9). Change in accelerometer-measured physical activity was not significant; however, exercise-related confidence increased from baseline (P < 0.01). Women described multiple physical and psychosocial benefits from the intervention. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that a culturally tailored exercise intervention that included exercise classes for children was feasible and had physical and psychosocial benefits in South Asian mothers with risk factors for DM.
The Cognitive Benefits of Exercise in Youth
Authors: Diamond Alex B. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
As our schools and children struggle to meet ever-changing and mandated academic standards, challenges in the time spent on physical activity continue to arise. On the other hand, however, we continue to face a global climate mired in the midst of an obesity epidemic. It is widely accepted that the health benefits of exercise are wide-ranging and powerful. It appears that cognitive function and academic achievement are additional realms beyond the physical where exercise is beneficial. The school setting presents a unique public health opportunity to enact change on a variety of levels. As sports medicine and exercise specialists, we need to support efforts that increase access to quality physical fitness across the board for all children.
The Practice of Sport in Multiple Sclerosis: Update
Authors: Donze Cecile , Massot Caroline , Hautecoeur Patrick , Cattoir-Vue Helene , Guyot Marc-Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The practice of sport by multiple sclerosis patients has long been controversial. Recent studies, however, show that both sport and physical activity are essential for these patients. Indeed, they help to cope with the effects of multiple sclerosis, such as fatigue, reduced endurance, loss of muscle mass, and reduction of muscle strength. The beneficial effects of physical activity on these patients have been underlined in several studies, whereas those of practicing sport have been the subject of fewer evaluations and assessments. The aim of this update is to report on the effects of sport on multiple sclerosis patients. The benefits of sport have been demonstrated in several studies. It helps multiple sclerosis patients to increase their balance, resistance to fatigue, mobility and quality of life. Several biases in these studies do not enable us to recommend the practice of some of these sports on a routine basis.
Physical Activity Counseling in College Students
Authors: Wilson Oliver W.A. , Bopp Christopher M. , Papalia Zack , Bopp Melissa 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMany college students are insufficiently physically active, and health care practitioner consultations represent an opportunity to provide at risk students with physical activity counseling (PAC). This study examined whether any demographic or physiological variables differentiated those who had received PAC and those who did not. An objective fitness assessment and survey collected data from college students concerning the following: demographics; body composition; aerobic fitness; cholesterol, lipid, and glucose levels; muscular endurance; physical activity (PA) levels; health care and PAC; PA information sources; and depression. Parametric and nonparametric techniques were used to examine differences between those who did and did not receive PAC, by location of counseling, and between those who did and did not report depressive symptoms. Rates of PAC were high, with only total cholesterol differentiating those who did and did not receive PAC. Study design prevented the determination of whether students or health care providers initiated PAC and what form of PAC was provided. Vigorous PA was significantly lower among those who reported mental health–related symptoms. Findings suggest a lack of targeted PAC among the least active, least fit, or most overweight/obese. Further investigation is warranted on the use of PAC at campus health services. In particular, the initiation of PAC, the PAC techniques/strategies used by physicians, and the short- and long-term effectiveness of PAC on PA and associated health outcomes. Barriers to student health care center physicians providing PAC also require further investigation, as does the effectiveness of any PAC and any support provided by physical fitness professionals that students may be referred to in both the short and long term.
Effects of Two Different Recovery Postures during High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: Michaelson Joana V. , Brilla Lorrie R. , Suprak David N. , McLaughlin Wren L. , Dahlquist Dylan T. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different recovery postures, hands on head (HH) and hands on knees (HK), as a form of immediate recovery from high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Twenty female Division II varsity soccer players (age = 20.3 ± 1.1 yr, body mass index = 22.4 ± 1.80 kg·m−2) completed two experimental trials in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Each trial consisted of four intervals on a motorized treadmill consisting of 4 min of running (4 × 4) at 90%–95% HRmaxwith 3 min of passive recovery between each interval. HR recovery was collected during the first 60 s of each recovery, where volume of carbon dioxide (V̇CO2) and tidal volume (VT) were recorded each minute during the 3-min recovery period. Results showed an improved HR recovery (P< 0.001), greater VT(P= 0.008), and increased V̇CO2(P= 0.049), with HK (53 ± 10.9 bpm; 1.44 ± 0.2 L·min−1, 1.13 ± 0.2 L·min−1) compared with HH (31 ± 11.3 bpm; 1.34 ± 0.2 L·min−1, 1.03 ± 0.2 L·min−1). These data indicate that HK posture may be more beneficial than the advocated HH posture as a form of immediate recovery from high-intensity interval training.
A 2-yr Biomechanically Informed ACL Injury Prevention Training Intervention in Female Field Hockey Players
Authors: Weir Gillian , Alderson Jacqueline A. , Elliott Bruce C. , Lee Shina , Devaprakash Daniel , Starre Kate , Goodman Carmel , Cooke Jennifer , Rechichi Claire , Armstrong Josh , Jackson Ben , Donnelly Cyril J. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTPurposeAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have been shown to have mixed success in reducing injury rates, raising the question whether these programs are effectively targeting biomechanical mechanisms of injury. The current study examined the efficacy of a biomechanically informed ACL injury prevention training program in reducing injury risk and injury incidence and investigated its effect on athletic performance.ParticipantsTwenty-six elite female field hockey players participated in this study.MethodsAthletes participated in a 2-yr injury prevention training program. Injury incidence (i.e., lower limb and ACL) and athletic performance (i.e., strength, speed, and aerobic power) were measured during a control season and after two intervention seasons. Biomechanical ACL injury risk factors were recorded during unplanned sidestepping at baseline and after intensive (9 wk: 4 × 20 min·wk−1) and maintenance (16 wk: 3 × 10 min·wk−1) training phases for a subset of athletes (n= 17).ResultsTraining was effective in reducing ACL and lower limb injury incidence after the 2-yr program, where zero ACL injuries occurred after implementation (vs 0.4 per 1000 player hours in the control year). High-risk athletes reduced their peak knee valgus moments by 30% (P= 0.045) and demonstrated improvements in desirable muscle activation strategies after intensive training. The majority of benefits elicited in intensive training were retained during the maintenance phase. One-repetition max strength, beep test scores, and sprint times improved or were maintained over the 2-yr intervention period.ConclusionsBiomechanically informed injury prevention training was successful in reducing both biomechanical ACL injury risk factors and ACL injury incidence while maintaining and/or improving athletic performance. It is important to consider the biomechanical mechanisms of injury when designing injury prevention programs.
Mediators of a 12-Month Change in Physical Activity in Ethnically Diverse Sample of Postpartum Women
Authors: Albright Cheryl L. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Saiki Kara , White Kami K. , Steffen Alana D. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTUnderstanding theoretically derived social and behavioral mediators of long-term increases in physical activity (PA) in a vulnerable population at risk for being underactive is needed to inform future research, clinical applications, and public health efforts. This is an analysis of potential mediators of an intervention that increased long-term (12-month) moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in postpartum (2–12 months) women in a randomized trial, using a longitudinal analysis. Healthy, underactive (i.e., not meeting national guidelines for MVPA) women (n= 311; mean age = 32 ± 5.6 yr, 85% minorities) with infants (mean age: 5.7 ± 2.8 months) were randomly assigned to either a tailored eHealth condition consisting of personalized telephone counseling plus access to a website tailored to new mothers’ MVPA issues or to a standard MVPA materials-only website. MVPA was assessed via surveys completed at baseline, then 6 and 12 months later. Theoretically derived mediators included social support for MVPA, self-efficacy to increase MVPA, barriers to increasing MVPA, and benefits of increasing MVPA. All mediators, except benefits, improved over the 12 months in the tailored eHealth condition. The tailored condition’s effect on increasing MVPA from 6 to 12 months was mediated by an increase in social support from baseline to 6 months. No other hypothesized mediators were significant. Our results demonstrated that learning strategies to increase social support for MVPA was instrumental in new mothers’ increase in MVPA over a 12-month intervention. During this brief but impactful life stage, where the focus can understandably be on her baby, being able to elicit support from friends and family may facilitate women’s efforts to focus on their own needs with respect to MVPA.Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov number: NCT00810342.
A Faith-Integrated Physical Activity Intervention and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Women
Authors: Hornbuckle Lyndsey M. , Gizlice Ziya , Heil Daniel P. , Whitt-Glover Melicia C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effects of a 10-month secular (SEC) versus faith-integrated (FI) community-based physical activity (PA) intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in low active, African American women.

Methods
Participants (age, 55.4 ± 11.6 yr; body mass index [BMI], 36.0 ± 7.9 kg·m−2; average baseline steps per day, 3807 ± 1250) from a larger study (n = 418) participated in a substudy to measure cardiometabolic disease indicators (primary outcomes) and PA (secondary outcomes) pre- and postintervention (SEC, n = 42; FI, n = 43). Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, resting blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, average steps per day, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity were acquired at baseline and 10 months. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models that included churches as a random effect were used to compare mean changes in outcomes at 10 months between the two study groups (α = 0.05).

Results
The FI group showed significant time effects for weight (93.4 ± 2.4 to 92.2 ± 2.3 kg), BMI (35.7 ± 1.0 to 35.3 ± 1.0 kg·m−2), and waist circumference (106.9 ± 2.2 to 103.8 ± 2.5 cm), whereas the SEC group had a significant time effect for hip circumference (121.6 ± 1.9 to 119.9 ± 1.7 cm). There were no time effects in either group for blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, steps per day, sedentary time, or moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. FI significantly decreased light-intensity physical activity in both 1-min activity bouts (641 ± 13 to 588 ± 16 min·d−1) and 10-min bouts (536 ± 11 to 479 ± 15 min·d−1). There were no significant differences between SEC and FI for any variable.

Conclusions
The improvements in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference shown after the FI intervention could have long-term implications on cardiometabolic health, particularly if exercise is continued. Further research is needed to examine the effects of culturally relevant interventions on chronic disease indicators in African American women, particularly those established as high risk for cardiometabolic disease.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00991731
Tribunal de Contas - Câmara Municipal - Auditoria - Resistência
Authors: Meirelles Hely Lopes 
Published: August 2023

- O Tribunal de Contas pode realizar auditoria, a qualquer tempo, em órgão de despesa de Câmara Municipal, sem ofensa ao princípio da independência do Poder Legislativo.- Havendo oposição e resistência à auditoria, poderá o Tribunal de Contas requisitar força policial ou pedir a intervenção do Estado no Legislativo local, sem prejuízo da responsabilidade pelo crime de desobediência.
O poder judiciário na Constituição: uma proposta de reforma
Authors: Velloso Carlos Mário da Silva 
Published: August 2023

1. O Poder Judiciário como guardião maior dos direitos e das garantiasconstitucionais. 2. Das garanti4S de independência do Poder Judiciário.3. A criação de Tribunais Superiores de Direito Público, de Direito Privado e de Direito Penal. 4. A proposta de reforma em termos globais: a instituição de Tribunais Superiores de Direito PÚblico, de Direito Privado e de Direito Penal. 5. Um pouco de direito comparado. 6. O sistema judiciário brasileiro na proposta aqui apresentada. O Supremo Tribunal Federal. 7. Conclusões.
Polícia e poder de polícia
Authors: Cretella Júnior José 
Published: August 2023

1. Segurança individual e polícia. 2. Conceito de polícia. 3. Elementosintegrantes do conceito de polícia. 4. Nossa definição de polícia. 5.Análise da definição de polícia. 6. Divisão da polícia. 7. Polícia administrativa. 8. Arbitrariedade e discricionariedade da ação policial.9. Polícia judiciária. 10. Polícia nas três esferas. 11. Ramos da políciaadministrativa. 12. Incidência da ação policial. 13. Poder "de" epoder "da" polícia. 14. Poder de polícia na doutrina brasileira. 15.Direito positivo e jurisprudência. 16. Poder de polícia, causa; polícia,conseqüência. 17. Limites ou barreiras do poder de polícia. 18. Conclusão e sugestão de lege ferenda.
Estado-membro - Bloqueio de contas bancárias - Desvio de poder legislativo
Authors: Tácito Caio 
Published: August 2023

- A indisponibilidade de contas bancárias do estodo-membro esuas empresas mediante deüberaçõo do Banco Central é inconstitucionalpor ofensa ao principio da autonomia peculiar ao sistema federativo.Importa desvio do Poder Legislativo decreto-lei que se utiüze do bloqueio de contas bancárias como meio de cobrrmça regressiva de aval a emprútimos externos. Inconstitucionalidade do art. 7º- do Decreto-lei nº 2.169/84.
A Constituição de 1988 e o Tribunal de Contas da União
Authors: Souza Luciano Brandão Alves de 
Published: August 2023

1. Introdução. 2 O TCU e a Constituinte. 3. As novas competências do Tribunal. 4. Um controle mais abrangente de pessoal. 5. Um mandamento inovador. 6 A descentralização de recursos. 7. O Tribunal e o Poder Legislativo: ação conjugada. 8. A nova composição do Tribunal 9. Reforçando os sistemas de controle interno. 10. O cidadão: agente controlador. 11. O Ministério Público junto ao TCU. 12. Uma nova Lei Orgânica para o Teu. 13. Um desafio com data marcada. 14. Conclusão.
Funcionário público - Servidor estadual- Lei federal
Authors: Luz Américo 
Published: August 2023

- Inexistência da alegada violação ao Decreto-lei nº 2.357/87, por isso que norma federal disciplinadora de remuneração dos servidores públicos não se aplica aos estados, que gozam de liberdade para organizar o seu funcionamento e dispor sobre os regimes estatutários.Recurso não conhecido.
A administração Pública e a revisão Constitucional
Authors: Moreira Neto Diogo de Figueiredo 
Published: August 2023

1. Introdução. 2. O tema da administração pública na Constituição. 3. O condicionamento federativo da administração pública. 4. A inovação do modelo constitucional de 1988 no Direito Administrativo 5. O que aperfeiçoar na oportunidade da revisão. 6. A revisão Constitucional e a codificação do direito administrativo. 7. Conclusões.
Licitações e contratos administrativos - Observações para hoje e para amanhã
Authors: Moreira Neto Diogo de Figueiredo 
Published: August 2023

1. A questão da natureza jurídica da licitação e dos contratos administrativos. 2. A caracterização das normas de condicionamento federativo da administração pública. 3. Os tipos de normas gerais na Constituição. 4. Identificação das normas gerais no atual EstatutoFederal. 5. Os princípios da licitação. 6. Perspectiva de projetos modernizadores - Conclusões.
Militar - Remuneração - Isonomia
Authors: Acioli Pedro 
Published: August 2023

- Mandado de Segurança. Militares. Remuneração. Isonomia com os Ministros do Superior Tribunal Militar. Pretensão que afronta a ordem constitucional vigente. Vinculações vedadas pela Constituição.Inexistência de atribuições iguais ou cargos assemelhados. Lei nova fixando valor do soldo. Inocorrência de redução remuneratória. Direito adquirido: ofensa não configurada. Majoração de vencimentos: Prerrogativa do Poder Executivo. Segurança denegada.A Constituição em vigor veda, de forma expressa, a vinculação ou equiparação de vencimentos, para efeito de remuneração do pessoal do serviço público.Isonomia de vencimentos pressupõe cargos de atribuições iguais ou assemelhados, o que inexiste entre os integrantes das Forças Armadas e os magistrados que exercem suas funções no Superior Tribunal Militar.Com o advento da lei nova, dispondo sobre a revisão dos vencimentos, salários, proventos e demais retribuições dos servidores civis e a fixação dos soldos dos militares, o soldo-base passou a ser fixado em valores certos, sem se cogitar de equivalência.Ainda que a fixação deixasse de acompanhar os vencimentos de outras categorias, uma vez cessadas as vinculações ou equiparações, a simples expectativa de um soldo maior não importava em redução do efetivamente pago, sabendo-se que a garantia da irredutibilidade protege o valor real e não aquele que o servidor poderia receber.Não há como invocar direito adquirido contra a Constituição e, se o problema da remuneração dos militares - como de maioria dos brasileiros assalariados reclama soluções, não cabe ao Poder Judiciário, que não tem função legislativa, aumentar vencimentos. Superior Tribunal de Justiça
Concurso público - Julgamento sigiloso - Inconstitucionalidade
Authors: Silva Moacir Antônio Machado da 
Published: August 2023

Exame e avaliação de candidato com base em critérios subjetivos, como, por exemplo, a verificação sigilosa sobre a conduta, pública e privada, do candidato, excluindo-o do concurso sem que sejam fornecidos os motivos. Ilegitimidade do ato, que atenta contra o principio da inafastabilidade do conhecimento do Poder Judiciário de lesão ou ameaça a direito. É que, se a lesão é praticada com base em critérios subjetivos, ou em critérios não revelados, fica o Judiciário impossibilitado de prestar a tutela jurisdicional, porque não terá como verificar o acerto ou o desacerto de tais critérios. Por via oblíqua, estaria sendo afastada da apreciação do Judiciário lesão a direito. R.E. conhecido e provido. Supremo Tribunal Federal