bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Value of B-Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Based Radiomics Features in Differentiating Chinese TI-RADS Category 4a and 4b Micro-nodules
Authors: Liu Dun , Wen Rong , Lin Peng , MMed Ruizhi Gao , Ye Wang , He Yun , Chen Junqiang , Yang Hong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of radiomics features in differentiating Chinese Thyroid Imaging and Data System (C-TIRADS) category 4a and 4b thyroid micro-nodules using B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images.
Methods: Radiomics features were extracted from BMUS and CEUS images using Intelligence Foundry software. Three radiomics models (BMUS, CEUS, and BMUS+CEUS) were developed using machine learning algorithms. Diagnostic performance of these models and experienced radiologist's diagnosis were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) area under the curve (AUC). Delong test was used to compare diagnostic performance differences among these models.
Results: The BMUS+CEUS radiomics model exhibited the highest diagnostic performance in both the training (AUC=0.996, 95% CI, 0.966-1.000) and validation (AUC=0.897, 95% CI, 0.816-0.951) cohorts compared to the other two radiomics models. All three radiomics models demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the experienced radiologist's diagnosis, which achieved an AUC of 0.717 (95% CI, 0.634-0.791) in the training cohort and 0.692 (95% CI, 0.587-0.784) in the validation cohort.
Conclusion: A noninvasive model combining BMUS and CEUS radiomics features has the potential to accurately distinguish the nature of C-TIRADS category 4a and 4b thyroid micro-nodules preoperatively. The BMUS radiomics model could also be a good clinical choice when CEUS is absent.
Time since last drink is positively associated with heart rate variability in outpatients with alcohol use disorder: Further evidence of psychophysiological recovery in early alcohol use disorder recovery
Authors: Eddie David , Pietrzak Agata , Ham Jason 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a biomarker of psychological and physiological health with greater variability reflecting greater psychophysiological regulatory capacity. The damaging effects of chronic, heavy alcohol use on HRV have been well explored, with greater alcohol use associated with lower resting HRV. In this study we sought to replicate and extend our previous finding that HRV improves as individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) reduce or stop drinking and engage in treatment. With a sample of treatment engaged adults in the first year of a current AUD recovery attempt (N = 42), we used general linear models were used to explore associations between indices of HRV (dependent variables) and time since last alcoholic drink at study baseline assessed using timeline follow-back (independent variable), with checks for effects of age, medication, and baseline AUD severity. As predicted, HRV increased as a function of time since last drink, however, contrary to hypotheses, HR did not decrease. Effect sizes were largest for HRV indices fully under parasympathetic control, and these significant associations remained after controlling for age, medications, and AUD severity. Because HRV is an indicant of psychophysiological health, as well as self-regulatory capacity that may portend subsequent relapse risk, assessing HRV in individuals entering AUD treatment could provide important information about patient risk. At-risk patients may do well with additional support and may especially benefit from interventions like Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback that exercise the psychophysiological systems regulating brain/cardiovascular communication.
SEA-NET: Medical image segmentation network based on spiral squeeze-and-excitation and attention modules
Authors: Xiong Liangli , Chen Yi , Xiong Qiliang , Shaofeng Jiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Medical image segmentation is an important processing step in most of medical image analysis. Thus, high accuracy and robustness are required for them. The current deep neural network based medical segmentation methods have good effect on image with balanced foreground and background, but it will loss the characteristics of small targets on image with imbalanced foreground and background after multiple convolutions.
Methods: In order to retain the features of small targets in the deep network, we proposed a new medical image segmentation model based on the U-Net with squeeze-and-excitation and attention modules which form a spiral closed path,callled as Spiral Squeeze-and-Excitation and Attention NET (SEA-NET) in this paper. The segmentation model used squeeze-and-extraction modules to adjust the channel information to enhance the useful information and used attention modules to adjust the spatial information of the feature map to highlight the target area for small target segmentation when up-sampling. The deep semantic information is integrated into the shallow feature map by the attention model. Therefore, the deep semantic information cannot be scattered by continuous up-sampling. We used cross entropy loss + Tversky loss function for fast convergence and well processing the imbalanced data sets. Our proposed SEA-NET was tested on the brain MRI dataset LPBA40 and peripheral blood smear images.
Conclusions: On brain MRI data, the average value of the Dice coefficient we obtained reached 98.1%. On the peripheral blood smear dataset, our proposed model has a good segmentation effect on adhesion cells.
Results: The experimental results proved that the proposed SEA-Net performed better than U-Net, U-Net++, etc. in medical image segmentation.
An Ensemble Learning Voting Technique for Network Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Ding Weikang , Popoola Saheed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the face of growing and complex network threats, intrusion detection systems are important to detect and mitigate these network threats. Existing research has shown that using a single machine learning classifier or traditional ensemble model for threat detection methods cannot adapt to today's complex network environment. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a novel voting model based on ensemble learning to handle hard-to-classify data such as complex network datasets. This model combines multiple voting mechanisms, and also supports human intervention for more complex data where the classification results may not be highly accurate. The model adopts a voting mechanism among seven base models which includes decision tree, LightGBM, linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, random forest, gaussian naive bayes, and AdaBoost. The resulting ensemble model has been trained and validated on three popular datasets KDDCup99, UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS2017 and an additional dataset namely “UC dataset” obtained from University of Cincinnati. We use the popular four metrics of accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score to measure the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the accuracy of the classifiers can be improved to more than 0.99. The model can also be used to effectively improve low-performing classifiers.
Study on the Mechanism and Response Law of Fracture Movement on the Super-High Position Hard-thick Strata
Authors: Zhang Guangchao , Zhou Guanglei , Wang Lei , Li You , Gu Yingshi , Qu Zhi , Zhao Xipo , Yin Maosheng , Wang Fangfang , zhang lingzhuo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Based on the breaking of hard-thick rock strata in Ordos area triggering large-energy and strong earthquake, a thick plate structural mechanical model of breaking hard-thick rock strata is established. And the evolution process of hard-thick rock strata are analyzed based on Vlasov theory. The large energy mining earthquake and surface subsidence data are used to verify the analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) The hard-thick strata in the cretaceous system will not be broken during the advancing and mining process of the 221 upper 03 working face of Shilawusu coal mine. (2) Before the advancing of the 221 upper 03 working face reached "double square", no breakage occurred in the lower part of the hard-thick strata, because no separated space was formed. (3) When the 221 upper 03 working face was advanced to about 856m, vertical "O-X" breakage occurred in the hard-thick strata. As the working face continues to advance 138m, periodic breakage will continue to occur in the hard-thick strata. (4) No large-energy mine earthquake event has occurred during mining at 221 upper 03 working face, and the amount of surface subsidence is approximately 200mm. (5) In the mining at 221 upper 03 working face, two large energy mining earthquake occurred in 837m, 1153m away from the open-off cut, respectively, and the maximum amount of surface subsidence increased to 1397mm, which basically accords with the results of the first and periodic breaks calculated by theory. The research results of this paper are of guiding significance for the study of the breaking law of hard-thick strata under similar engineering geological conditions and disaster pre-control.
Evaluation of Particle Emissions Emitted from a Light-duty Diesel Vehicle Equipped with Retrofit Ceria and Platinum Partial Flow Diesel Particulate Filters
Authors: Thin MyatHsu , Cosh Plan Teekatasn , Thaeviriyakul Poonnut , Kanokkhanarat Phobkrit , Srilom Mek , Charoenphonphanich Chinda , Masomtob Manop , Saisirirat Peerawat , Srimanosaowa Sompong , Po-ngaen Watcharin , Kosaka Hidenori , Karin Preechar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

With increasingly stringent emissions standards, the reduction of harmful exhaust gases and solid particles has become a primary concern for diesel vehicles. This study focuses on a light-duty vehicle equipped with a 2.5L 4-cylinder common rail direct diesel injection engine, evaluated on a chassis dynamometer under four urban driving cycles and one extra-urban cycle of the new European driving cycle (NEDC). The vehicle's emissions were assessed using B10, B20, and B100 fuels in two scenarios: without a retrofit partial filter diesel particulate filter (P-DPF) and with P-DPFs coated with ceria and platinum. Comparing the use of biodiesel, B100 demonstrated a significant reduction of approximately 50% in particulate mass (PM) and particulate number (PN). Furthermore, the results indicated that the utilization of the partial flow DPF led to a PM emissions reduction exceeding 60% and a particle number reduction of up to 45%. Additionally, the installation of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) resulted in reductions of total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by up to 59% and 81% respectively, compared to the baseline fuel emissions. However, the installation of the retrofit P-DPF and DOC did not have a significant impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. In terms of catalytic coating, the ceria catalyst emerged as a promising and cost-effective alternative to platinum catalysts for reducing pollutant emissions from diesel vehicles. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of utilizing B100 biodiesel and the after-treatment system including P-DPFs and DOCs in mitigating particulate matter and certain gaseous emissions, emphasizing the potential of ceria catalysts as a viable option in emission reduction strategies for diesel vehicles.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification Using Photoplethysmography Database
Authors: Qananwah Qasem , Ababneh Marwa , Dagamseh Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Worldwide, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death. Patients at high cardiovascular risk require long-term follow-up for early CVDs detection. Cardiac arrhythmia detection through the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has been the basis of many studies. This technique does not provide sufficient information in addition to a high false alarm potential. In addition, the electrodes used to record the ECG signal are not suitable for long-term monitoring. Recently, the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal has attracted great interest among scientists as it provides a non-invasive, inexpensive, and convenient source of information related to cardiac activity. In this paper, the PPG signal (online database Physio Net Challenge 2015) is used to classify different cardiac arrhythmias, namely; tachycardia, bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular flutter/fibrillation. The PPG signals are pre-processed and analyzed for feature extraction. A total of 41 features are used for cardiac arrhythmias' classification using four machine-learning techniques; Decision Trees (DT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNNs), and Ensembles. The results show a high-throughput evaluation with an accuracy of 98.4% for the KNN technique with a sensitivity of 98.3%, 95%, 96.8%, and 99.7% for bradycardia, tachycardia, ventricular flutter/fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, respectively. The outcomes of this work provide a tool to correlate the properties of the PPG signal with cardiac arrhythmias and thus the early diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
Is Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Safe and Effective For 15–19 mm Tumors?
Authors: Jung Yunho , Hwangbo Young , Cho Young Sin , Choi Seong Woo , Jeon Seong Ran , Kim Hyun Gun , Ko Bong Min , Kim Jin-O 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The outcomes of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in 15–19 mm tumors are unclear. This study compared the effectiveness and safety of colorectal ESD for 15–19 mm tumors and tumors exceeding that size.
Methods
From August 2018 to December 2020, 213 cases of colorectal tumors removed by colorectal ESD at a tertiary hospital were enrolled in this study. The cases were divided into two groups according to the pathologically measured size of the resected lesion: an intermediate group (15–19 mm, n = 62) and a large group (≥ 20 mm, n = 151). The en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, and complications were investigated retrospectively.
Results
The en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the intermediate than large group (100% vs. 94%, p = 0.049), and the mean total procedure time was shorter in the intermediate than large group (29.2 ± 12.6 vs. 48.4 ±28.8 min, p < 0.001). However, the mean procedure speed was significantly lower in the intermediate than large group (0.25 ± 0.10 vs. 0.28 ± 0.11 cm2/min; p = 0.031). The complete resection rate, post-procedural bleeding, and perforation rate were not significantly different between the two groups. In multivariate analyses, the total procedure time and mean procedure speed were significantly associated with lesion size.
Conclusion
Colorectal ESD of 15–19 mm lesions is effective, and has a shorter procedure time and higher en bloc resection rate than the same procedure for larger lesions.
Role of pinch in Argon impurity transport in Ohmic discharges of Aditya-U Tokamak
Authors: Shah Kajal , Ghosh Joydeep , Patel Sharvil , Chowdhuri Malay Bikas , Jadeja Kumarpalsinh , Shukla Gaurav , Macwan Tanmay , Kumar Ankit , Dolui Suman , Singh Kaushlender , Tanna Rakesh , Patel Kaushal , Dey Ritu , Manchanda Ranjana , Ramaiya Nilam , Kumar Rohit , Aich Suman , Yadava Nandini , Purohit Shishir , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Nagora Umeshkumar , Pathak Suryakumar , Atrey Praveen kumar , Mayya Balamurali Krishna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present experimental results of the trace argon impurity puffing in the Ohmic plasmas of Aditya-U tokamak performed to study the argon transport behaviour. Argon line emissions in visible and Vacuum Ultra Violet (VUV) spectral ranges arising from the plasma edge and core respectively are measured simultaneously. During the experiments, space resolved brightness profile of Ar1+ line emissions at 472.68 nm (3p44s 2P1.5 - 3p44p 2D1.5), 473.59 nm (3p44s 4P2.5 - 3p44p 4P1.5), 476.48 nm (3p44s 2P0.5 - 3p44p 2P1.5), 480.60 nm (3p44s 4P2.5 - 3p44p 4P2.5) are recorded using a high resolution visible spectrometer. Also, a VUV spectrometer has been used to simultaneously observe Ar13+ line emission at 18.79 nm (2s22p 2P1.5 - 2s2p2 2P1.5) and Ar14+ line emission at 22.11 nm (2s2 1S0 - 2s2p 1P1). The diffusivity and convective velocity of Ar are obtained by comparing the measured radial emissivity profile of Ar1+ emission and the line intensity ratio of Ar13+ and Ar14+ ions, with those simulated using the impurity transport code, STRAHL. Argon diffusivities ~ 12 m2/s and ~ 0.3 m2/s have been observed in the edge (ρ > 0.85) and core region of the Aditya-U, respectively. The diffusivity values both in the edge and core region are found to be higher than the neo-classical values suggesting that the argon impurity transport is mainly anomalous in the Aditya-U tokamak. Also, an inward pinch of ~ 10 m/s mainly driven by Ware pinch is required to match the measured and simulated data. The measured peaked profile of Ar density suggests impurity accumulation in these discharges.
Profiling the domestication hotspots for ear traits in two maize populations with teosinte gene introgression
Authors: Feng Xuanjun , Guan Huarui , Wen Ying , Zhou Hanmei , Li Yinzhi , Zheng Dan , Wang Qingjun , Zhang Weixiao , Xiong Hao , Hu Yue , Jia Li , Luo Shuang , Xing Xiaobin , Zhang Xuemei , Guo Wei , Wu Fengkai , Xu Jie , Liu Yaxi , lu yanli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Throughout the history of maize cultivation, ear-related traits have been domesticated. However, little is known about the domesticated genes involved in shaping the ear traits from those of the wild progenitor, teosinte, to those exhibited by modern maize. In this study, five ear traits (kernel row number [KRN], ear length [EL], kernel number per row [KNR], cob diameter [CD], and ear diameter [ED]) were investigated, and eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) hotspots were identified in two maize populations with teosinte gene introgression. We found remarkable enrichment of domesticated and ear-related domesticated genes in qCD1, qCD7, qCD13, qED1, qEL8, qEL10, qKNR11, and qKRN6, suggesting that these eight QTL are domestication hotspots involved in shaping the maize ear from teosinte to modern maize. By combining the QTL identified in this study with the results of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ear traits from two association panels, eight candidate domesticated genes related to KRN, KNR, CD, and ED were identified. Considering the expression patterns and sequence variations, Zm00001d025111 and Zm00001d033153, which encode WD40/YVTN and SMAD/FHA proteins, respectively, were proposed as positive regulators of KNR, whereas Zm00001d003083 and Zm00001d005866, which encode isocitrate dehydrogenase and protein disulfide isomerase, respectively, were proposed as negative regulators of KRN. This study presents a frame work for the genomic distribution of ear trait-related and domesticated loci. Several candidate genes with minor effects may be viable targets for further increases in the yield of modern maize.
Addressing the double burden of malnutrition among Thai school-aged children with a complex school nutrition intervention: A process evaluation
Authors: Pongutta Suladda , Ferguson Elaine , Davey Calum , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Borghi Josephine , Chuejew Supika , Pangkariya Nattanicha , Lin Leesa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background The Dekthai Kamsai programme, a complex school nutrition intervention implemented in Thailand, demonstrated favourable outcomes in reducing the risk of developing obesity and stunting. This article aims to describe the intervention, contextual factors, and their interactions influencing the outcomes. Methods We conducted a process evaluation using data obtained from 14 focus group discussions held with 69 school staff from 14 intervention schools and 4 control schools, from January to February 2022, and a document analysis. Results Perceived strengths of the programme included: 1) its multi-component design targeting both diet and physical activity using food and physical activity guidelines for children, close monitoring of students’ anthropometric outcomes for ongoing nutrition improvements, and complementary components that synergistically enhanced and sustained its outcomes; and 2) a multi-sectoral support system to build schools’ capacity and facilitate programme implementation. Perceived limitations were no adequate effort to address wasting and suboptimal fidelity. Regarding contextual factors, child nutrition and well-being were not a priority for the education sector, which resulted in limited resources and the willingness of school staff to adopt and implement the programme. Schools in higher socio-economic urban neighbourhoods tended to receive greater external support and benefit more from better infrastructure of urban areas. The programme’s impact in urban schools tended to be offset by urban obesogenic environments. School staff having interest in children’s well-being tended to adopt and implement the programme intensively. A healthier food culture tended to enhance the intervention success. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of 1) providing multifaceted interventions; 2) making child nutrition and well-being a priority of the education sector; and 3) improving school contexts notably policy, leadership, capacity, social capital, social and physical environments.
Magnetic resonance biomarkers for timely diagnostic of radiation dose-rate effects
Authors: Zagrean-Tuza C. , Suditu M. , Popescu R. C. , Bacalum M. , Negut D. , Vasilca S. , Hanganu A. , Fidel I. , Serafin D. , Tesileanu O. , Chiricuta I. C. , Sadet A. , Voda M. A. , Vasos P. R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diagnostic of radiation effects can be obtained within hours from delivery relying on spectroscopic detection of cell metabolite concentrations. Clinical and pre-clinical studies show that radiation delivery with elevated dose-rates can achieve tumor suppression while minimizing toxicity to surrounding areas. Diagnostic biomarkers detected on short timescales are needed to orient high dose-rate radiation delivery. We have designed an 1H magnetic resonance approach to observe metabolite concentrations, in particular Choline, Creatine, and Lactate, in order to detect radiation dose and dose-rate effects within hours from radiation delivery. The results of our metabolic profiling method in glioblastoma cells are consistent with observations from clinical studies guided by magnetic resonance spectroscopy for radiotherapy of head tumors. At 5 Gy/min we have observed increases in lactate concentrations and decreases in [Cho]/[Cr] ratios at increasing radiation doses. An increase of the radiation dose-rate to 35 Gy/min is correlated with an increase of [Cho]/[Cr] consistent with a reduction in radiation-induced oxidative effects at high dose-rates. The observed biomarkers can be translated for radiation pulse sequences optimization.
A Rare Tumor in the Sellar Region: Ganglioglioma, a Case Report and a General Overview
Authors: Erkan Buruc , Demir Suat , Akpinar Ebubekir , Akkurt Tuce Soylemez , Tanriverdi Osman , Gunaldi Omur 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gangliogliomas are rare mixed neuronal-glial tumors of the central nervous system. They constitute less than 2% of intracranial neoplasms. Gangliogliomas are slow-growing, well-differentiated, and partly calcified tumors. Sellar-suprasellar gangliogliomas are very rare [1]. Although many studies have included only cerebral hemisphere gangliogliomas, the tumor could not be classified according to its location because of the small number of patients in most studies [2].
Herein, a rare case of a pediatric ganglioglioma in the sellar and parasellar region is presented with a histopathological diagnosis of ganglioglioma from a centre with an annual series of 150 endoscopic skull base surgeries and 900 endoscopic skull base surgeries.