bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity, mental health and in-hospital mortality following the COVID-19 pandemic in a socially deprived UK coastal town
Authors: Cain Russell , French Maddy , Sedda Luigi 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPublic health interventions are essential to prevent a long tail of costly, avoidable and worsening ill health in coastal communities following the COVID-19 pandemic, yet no research exists to guide policy and practice as to which groups within coastal communities are vulnerable and most in need of such interventions. Within this aim, we explore engrained and emerging vulnerabilities of food insecurity, health and well-being for different demographic groups within the deprived coastal community of Fleetwood, Lancashire, UK, before and after the pandemic.MethodsRoutinely collected data of free school meal eligibility, community mental health referrals and hospital admissions between 28 March 2016 and 31 December 2021 were aggregated by locality and deprivation within Fleetwood. Temporal autoregressive models, generalised linear mixed models and survival analyses were employed to compare trends and associations in food insecurity, health and well-being indicators against deprivation indices, demographics, comorbidities (including COVID-19), the COVID-19 pandemic period and locality.ResultsAreas with better housing and income, but higher health and disability deprivation, showed increased levels of free school meal eligibility following the pandemic. Mental health was insensitive to the first 14 months of pandemic yet is worsened by unemployment deprivation and cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities, with a greater predisposition to poor mental health in adolescents and young adults. After accounting for the effect of COVID-19, hospital mortality risk increased with demographic influences in fitting with the typology of coastal communities having an older population, struggling healthcare and a greater prevalence of comorbidities.ConclusionsPublic health managers and policy makers seeking to prevent worsening health and well-being within coastal communities following the pandemic should focus on broader-scale patterns reflecting entrenched poor health typical of coastal communities, and emerging food insecurity within specific demographic and deprivation groups at finer scales.
Drivers of malnutrition among late adolescent and young women in rural Pakistan: a cross-sectional assessment of the MaPPS trial
Authors: Baxter Jo-Anna B , Wasan Yaqub , Hussain Amjad , Soofi Sajid B , Ahmed Imran , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterise the burden of malnutrition and assess how underlying determinants at the structural and intermediary levels contributed to malnutrition among late adolescent and young women in rural Pakistan.DesignCross-sectional enrolment data assessment.Setting and participantsThis study was conducted using data from adolescent and young women (n=25 447) enrolled in the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation Trial, collected from June 2017 to July 2018 in Matiari District, Pakistan. The WHO-based cut-offs were applied to anthropometric measures to estimate body mass index (BMI) categories (underweight, overweight, obese) and stunting. Hierarchical models were generated to evaluate the association between the determinants with BMI categories and stunting among late adolescent girls and young women, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcomes of interest were BMI categories and stunting. Explanatory variables included measures of socioeconomic status, education, occupation, health, well-being, food security, empowerment and food practices.ResultsRegardless of age group, the prevalence of underweight was high (36.9%; 95% CI 36.3% to 37.5%). More late adolescent girls were underweight, while more young women were overweight/obese (p<0.001). Stunting affected 9.2% (95% CI 8.9% to 9.6%) of participants, of which 35.7% were additionally underweight and 7.3% overweight/obese. Compared with those in the normal weight category, those underweight were more likely to be impoverished and less empowered. Those overweight/obese were more likely to be from a higher wealth quintile and food secure. Increased education level and food security were associated with reductions stunting risk.ConclusionsThis study informs the data gap and need for comprehensive research on adolescent nutritional status. Findings suggest factors related to poverty played an important, underlying role in undernutrition among participants. Commitment to improving the nutritional status of all adolescent and young women in Pakistan will be critical given the observed burden of malnutrition.Trial registration numberNCT03287882.
Diagnostic accuracy of ASQ for screening of neurodevelopmental delays in low resource countries
Authors: Manasyan Albert , Salas Ariel A , Nolen Tracy , Chomba Elwyn , Mazariegos Manolo , Tshefu Kitoto Antoinette , Saleem Sarah , Naqvi Farnaz , Hambidge K Michael , Goco Norman , McClure Elizabeth M , Wallander Jan L , Biasini Fred J , Goldenberg Robert L , Bose Carl L , Koso-Thomas Marion , Krebs Nancy F , Carlo Waldemar A 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) is the most used diagnostic tool to identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children under age 3 but is challenging to use in low-resource countries. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is an easy-to-use, low-cost clinical tool completed by parents/caregivers that screens children for developmental delay. The objective was to determine the performance of ASQ as a screening tool for neurodevelopmental impairment when compared with BSID second edition (BSID-II) for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment among infants at 12 and 18 months of age in low-resource countries.MethodsStudy participants were recruited as part of the First Bites Complementary Feeding trial from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Guatemala and Pakistan between October 2008 and January 2011. Study participants underwent neurodevelopmental assessment by trained personnel using the ASQ and BSID-II at 12 and 18 months of age.ResultsData on both ASQ and BSID-II assessments of 1034 infants were analysed. Four of five ASQ domains had specificities greater than 90% for severe neurodevelopmental delay at 18 months of age. Sensitivities ranged from 23% to 62%. The correlations between ASQ communications subscale and BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) (r=0.38) and between ASQ gross motor subscale and BSID-II Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) (r=0.33) were the strongest correlations found.ConclusionAt 18 months, ASQ had high specificity but moderate-to-low sensitivity for BSID-II MDI and/or PDI <70. ASQ, when administered by trained healthcare workers, may be a useful screening tool to detect severe disability in infants from rural low-income to middle-income settings.Trial registration numberNCT01084109.
Pregnant women’s attitudes to and experiences with a smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Püschl Ida Catharina , de Wolff Mie Gaarskjaer , Broberg Lotte , Macklon Nick , Hegaard Hanne Kristine 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo explore attitudes to and experiences using a smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women.DesignA qualitative, descriptive study.SettingAn obstetrical care unit at a university hospital in Denmark.ParticipantsTwenty women who had participated in the Salurate trial, a clinical trial testing the efficacy of a smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia, were purposefully chosen for the study, using maximum variation sampling.Data collection and analysisData were collected by semistructured, individual, face-to-face interviews conducted from 4 October 2018 to 8 November 2018. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed by means of thematic analysis.ResultsQualitative thematic analysis resulted in the identification of three main themes: Raising awareness, self-testing has the potential to be an integrated part of pregnancy and trusting in technology. Two subthemes were identified under each main theme.ConclusionsThe smartphone-based self-test for prediction of pre-eclampsia has potential to be integrated into antenatal care, and women found it feasible to use. However, testing affected the participating women psychologically, leading to feelings of worry as well as safety. Therefore, if self-testing is implemented, it is important to take actions to handle adverse psychological side effects, including increasing knowledge on pre-eclampsia and having healthcare professionals ongoingly address the psychological state of women throughout pregnancy. In addition, it is essential to emphasise the importance of subjective bodily sensations during pregnancy, including fetal movements. Further studies on the experience of being labelled low risk versus high risk for pre-eclampsia are warranted since this was not investigated in this trial.
Achieving a tobacco-free Bangladesh by 2040: a qualitative analysis of the tobacco advertising environment and prohibitions in Bangladesh
Authors: Tselengidis Arsenios , Adams Sally , Freeman Becky , Alam Syed Mahbubul , Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi , Cranwell Jo 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThis paper explores the Bangladeshi tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) legislative environment, to highlight any potential policy loopholes and to facilitate the identification of additional provisions for inclusion. The study also aimed to identify valuable lessons applicable to other low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe conducted a qualitative health policy analysis using the health policy triangle model to frame the collection and extraction of publicly available information from academic literature search engines, news media databases and websites of national and international organisations, published up until December 2020. We coded and analysed textual data using the thematic framework approach to identify themes, relationships and connections.ResultsFour themes underpin the Bangladesh legislative environment on TAPS: (1) engaging international actor interest in TAPS policies, (2) the incremental approach to TAPS policy-making, (3) time-sensitive TAPS monitoring data and (4) innovative TAPS monitoring and policy enforcement system. The findings highlight the role of international actors (such as multinational organisations and donors), tobacco control advocates and the tobacco industry in the policy-making process and the competing agendas they bring. We also outline the chronology of TAPS policy-making in Bangladesh and the existing loopholes and policy changes over time. Lastly, we describe the innovative approaches to TAPS monitoring and policy enforcement in Bangladesh to combat the tobacco industry marketing strategies.ConclusionThis study highlights the role of tobacco control advocates as crucial in TAPS policy-making, monitoring and enforcement in LMICs, and identifies good practices for the sustainability of tobacco control programmes. However, it also points out that tobacco industry interference, coupled with increasing pressure on advocates and legislators, may block progress in tobacco endgame approaches.
Associations between lumbar bone mineral density, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and history of kidney stones in adults aged 30–69 years in the USA (NHANES 2011–2018)
Authors: Li Zeyu , Li Lei , Zheng Jianyi , Li Mingyang , Wu Siyu , Xin Kerong , Li Rong , Bai Song , Chen Xiaonan 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesMost kidney stones contain calcium, which is closely associated with human bone health. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between the history of kidney stones and human bone health. This study examined the associations between lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and a history of kidney stones in individuals aged between 30 years and 69 years.Design and data analysisA multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between lumbar BMD, serum 25-OHD levels and kidney stones in this cross-sectional study. All models incorporated survey sample weights and were adjusted for covariates.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. The exposure and outcomes of this study included the lumbar BMD and presence of kidney stones.ParticipantsAll the 7500 participants for this cross-sectional survey were selected from the NHANES between 2011 and 2018.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome of this study was the presence of kidney stones. The interviewers asked the questions on kidney stones while the respondents were at home, using a computer-assisted personal interview system.ResultsLumbar BMD was negatively correlated with a history of kidney stones in all three multivariate linear regression models; the negative association existed in all genders after adjusting for all confounding factors. In the multiple regression analysis, there was an interaction between serum 25-OHD and lumbar BMD (p<0.05) regarding the influence on kidney stones; the negative association between lumbar BMD and kidney stones was more obvious in the higher 25-OHD group (≥50 nmol/L).ConclusionThe study results suggest that maintaining a high lumbar BMD may reduce the incidence of kidney stone formation. Simultaneously, maintaining a high serum 25-OHD level may be more beneficial in preventing the occurrence or recurrence of stones while ensuring a high lumbar BMD.
Improving skin health of community-dwelling older people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kottner Jan , Fastner Alexandra , Lintzeri Dimitra-Aikaterini , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Blume-Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAgeing is accompanied by an age-related decrease in mobility or cognitive and sensory functions; in addition, physiological changes in the skin occur with age. Therefore, the skin requires appropriate care and observation in order to prevent or manage a variety of dermatological diseases and conditions, and to prevent or minimise effects on the quality of life.Globally, most older people live at home, and the need to establish sustainable structures and processes to support and to care for people at home for as long as possible has been emphasised. The body of evidence supporting screening, diagnosis and management of skin conditions in older people living at home has not been collated and summarised to date. The aim of this scoping review is to describe and summarise the extent and nature of the available body of evidence in this regard.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Eligibility criteria were developed using the Population, Concept and Context framework, and the search will focus on systematic and scoping reviews as well as clinical practice guidelines. Two reviewers will conduct systematic searches, screen and select identified evidence as well as extract and chart data, independently. Finally, data will be systematically analysed and summarised descriptively to map existing evidence and identify gaps.Ethics and disseminationDue to the nature of research, not involving humans or unpublished secondary data, approval of an ethics committee is not required. The dissemination of findings is planned via professional networks and publication in scientific open access journals.
Impact of clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with elevated cardiac troponin
Authors: Gard Anton , Lindahl Bertil , Baron Tomasz 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveType 2 myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial injury are common conditions associated with an adverse prognosis. Physicians experience uncertainty how to distinguish these conditions, as well as how to manage and treat them. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare treatment and prognosis in patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 2 MI and myocardial injury, who were discharged with and without a clinical diagnosis of MI.DesignThe study consisted of two cohorts, 964 and 281 consecutive patients with elevated cardiac troponin, discharged with and without a clinical diagnosis of MI, respectively. All cases were adjudicated into MI type 1–5 or myocardial injury and followed regarding all-cause death.ResultsThe adjudication identified 138 and 37 cases of type 2 MI, and 86 and 185 of myocardial injury, with and without a clinical MI diagnosis, respectively. In patients with type 2 MI, a clinical MI diagnosis was associated with more coronary angiography investigations (39.1% vs 5.4%, p<0.001) and an increased use of secondary prevention medications (all p<0.001). However, no difference was observed in adjusted 5-year mortality between patients with and without a clinical MI diagnosis (HR: 0.77 with 95% CI 0.43 to 1.38). The results were similar for adjudicated myocardial injury.ConclusionIn both type 2 MI and myocardial injury, a clinical diagnosis of MI at discharge was associated with more investigations and treatments. However, no prognostic effect of receiving a clinical MI diagnosis was observed.
Diagenetic Facies and Their Controls on the Quality of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study from the Upper Paleozoic Gas Reservoir in the Eastern Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Li Rongxi , Chen Lei , Jiao Kun , Cheng Jinghua , Khaled Ahmed , Yao Limiao , Chen Junnian 
Published: May 2023

Diagenetic facies play a significant role in the evaluation and prediction of reservoirs as they comprehensively reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of deposition, diagenesis, and petrophysical properties. Based on the petrographic observation and considering pores, lithology, and diagenesis types, the diagenetic facies types were identified, and the pore evolution process and its influence on the quality of low permeability tight gas reservoirs were analyzed. The results show that six types of diagenetic facies were identified, including siliceous cementation intergranular pore facies (A), carbonate dissolution pore facies (B), matrix dissolution pore facies (C), clastic dissolution pore facies (D), matrix filling and strong compaction tight facies (E), and carbonate cementation and metasomatism tight facies (F). The evolution process of porosity shows that the restored original porosity is indicated to be between 34.2% and 36.0%. The average porosity loss caused by compaction was 17.1%, while the average porosity loss caused by cementation is 14.1%. The average porosity increased by 2.5% on diagenetic facies B, C, and D due to dissolution. Consequently, diagenetic facies A with weak compaction and diagenetic facies B, C, and D with strong dissolution are effective reservoirs with porosity greater than 6.6% and permeability greater than

0.25
−
0.6

×

10

−
3

μm2. The distribution areas of A, B, C, and D are favorable areas for tight gas exploration and are important indicators for the prediction of tight gas in the Upper Paleozoic Shanxi Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin. This study provides a new petrographic method for reservoir prediction and exploration of natural gas, which has practical value and economic significance.
Identification of White Matter Hyperintensities in Routine Emergency Department Visits Using Portable Bedside Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Parasuram Nethra R. , Crawford Anna L. , Mazurek Mercy H. , Chavva Isha R. , Yadlapalli Vineetha , Iglesias Juan E. , Rosen Matthew S. , Falcone Guido J. , Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Sze Gordon , Sharma Richa , Schiff Steven J. , Safdar Basmah , Wira Charles , Kimberly William T. , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: May 2023

Background
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is associated with vascular cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. We hypothesized that portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) could successfully identify WMHs and facilitate doing so in an unconventional setting.

Methods and Results

In a retrospective cohort of patients with both a conventional 1.5 Tesla MRI and pMRI, we report Cohen's kappa (κ) to measure agreement for detection of moderate to severe WMH (Fazekas ≥2). In a subsequent prospective observational study, we enrolled adult patients with a vascular risk factor being evaluated in the emergency department for a nonstroke complaint and measured WMH using pMRI. In the retrospective cohort, we included 33 patients, identifying 16 (49.5%) with WMH on conventional MRI. Between 2 raters evaluating pMRI, the interrater agreement on WMH was strong (κ=0.81), and between 1 rater for conventional MRI and the 2 raters for pMRI, intermodality agreement was moderate (κ=0.66, 0.60). In the prospective cohort we enrolled 91 individuals (mean age, 62.6 years; 53.9% men; 73.6% with hypertension), of which 58.2% had WMHs on pMRI. Among 37 Black and Hispanic individuals, the Area Deprivation Index was higher (versus White, 51.8±12.9 versus 37.9±11.9;
P
<0.001). Among 81 individuals who did not have a standard‐of‐care MRI in the preceding year, we identified WMHs in 43 of 81 (53.1%).

Conclusions
Portable, low‐field imaging could be useful for identifying moderate to severe WMHs. These preliminary results introduce a novel role for pMRI outside of acute care and the potential role for pMRI to reduce disparities in neuroimaging.
“A sweete cup hath rendered many of us wanton and too active”: The Perils and Promises of Liberty in the Providence Plantations, 1636–1656
Authors: Higdon Cory D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The intellectual history of religious liberty redounds with complexity. This article chronicles the early decades of the Providence Plantations, what eventually became Rhode Island, as a historical frame of reference for exploring the promises and perils that liberty of conscience wrought in the Narragansett Bay.
An Unpublished Letter from Thomas Carlyle to his Editor in New England, Charles Stearns Wheeler
Authors: Jordan Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Considerable scholarly attention has been lavished on the relationship between the great Victorian man of letters Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) and the Transcendentalist luminary Ralph Waldo Emerson, particularly regarding Emerson's role in publishing Carlyle's works in America. However, a newly discovered letter underlines the fact that Emerson did not act alone, having received crucial support in editing Carlyle's works from Charles Stearns Wheeler, a young Harvard graduate.