bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Many Pieces to the Puzzle: A New Holistic Workload Approach to Designing Practice in Sports
Authors: Champion Luke , Middleton Kane , MacMahon Clare 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRepresentative learning design (RLD) in sport is a well-established concept in both theory and practice. The goal of RLD is to faithfully replicate competition environments in training settings to benefit improvement in athletic performance. There is currently little research that considers how representative an activity needs to be to facilitate learning transfer, and how that level of representativeness might fluctuate between activities or sessions, and across competitive cycles. Similarly, there is no existing research that specifically considers the elevated workload (in cognitive and physical load) of highly representative training, and the potential impacts of chronic overuse of these highly demanding activities. This paper addresses these limitations, making a case for the application of RLD that considers the level of representativeness (fidelity) and the demands placed on athletes (load) from both a cognitive and physical perspective. This paper also suggests several categorisations of training activities that are based on their relative representativeness, level of imposed demands, and the intended outcomes of the activity with reference to the perception–action cycle. The two core concepts of fidelity and load are combined for a new approach to representative training that allows practitioners to balance the benefits of representative training with the risks of imposing excessive load on athletes.
A proposal to embed patient and public involvement within qualitative data collection and analysis phases of a primary care based implementation study
Authors: Moult Alice , McGrath Carmel , Lippiett Kate , Coope Caroline , Chilcott Simon , Mann Cindy , Evans Nicola , Turner Andrew , Dziedzic Krysia , Portillo M. C. , Johnson Rachel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly seen as essential to health service research. There are strong moral and ethical arguments for good quality PPI. Despite the development of guidance aimed at addressing the inconsistent reporting of PPI activities within research, little progress has been made in documenting the steps taken to undertake PPI and how it influences the direction of a study. Without this information, there are minimal opportunities to share learnings across projects and strengthen future PPI practices. The aim of this paper is to present details on the processes and activities planned to integrate PPI into the qualitative research component of a mixed-methods, multi-site study evaluating the implementation of a smart template to promote personalised primary care for patients with multiple long-term conditions.

Methods
This proposal describes the processes and activities planned to integrate PPI into the development and piloting of qualitative data collection tools (topic guides for both practice staff and patients) and a tailored data analysis package developed for PPI members incorporating broad concepts and specific methods of qualitative data analysis.

Discussion
Outputs relating to PPI activity may include clear, concise and suitably worded topic guides for qualitative interviews. Piloting of the topic guides via mock interviews will further develop researchers’ skills including sensitisation to the experiences of participants being interviewed. Working with PPI members when analysing the qualitative data aims to provide reciprocal learning opportunities and may contribute to improving the overall rigour of the data analysis. The intent of publishing proposed PPI activities within this project is to inform the future delivery of high quality PPI.
Maternal transmission gives way to social transmission during gut microbiota assembly in wild mice
Authors: Wanelik Klara M. , Raulo Aura , Troitsky Tanya , Husby Arild , Knowles Sarah C. L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The mammalian gut microbiota influences a wide array of phenotypes which are relevant to fitness, yet knowledge about the transmission routes by which gut microbes colonise hosts in natural populations remains limited. Here, we use an intensively studied wild population of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) to examine how vertical (maternal) and horizontal (social) transmission routes influence gut microbiota composition throughout life.

Results
We identify independent signals of maternal transmission (sharing of taxa between a mother and her offspring) and social transmission (sharing of taxa predicted by the social network), whose relative magnitudes shift as hosts age. In early life, gut microbiota composition is predicted by both maternal and social relationships, but by adulthood the impact of maternal transmission becomes undetectable, leaving only a signal of social transmission. By exploring which taxa drive the maternal transmission signal, we identify a candidate maternally-transmitted bacterial family in wood mice, the Muribaculaceae.

Conclusion
Overall, our findings point to an ontogenetically shifting transmission landscape in wild mice, with a mother’s influence on microbiota composition waning as offspring age, while the relative impact of social contacts grows.
Dynamic responses of a train-track-bridge coupled system under earthquakes
Authors: Zhang Xuebing , Wu Han , Zhao Han , Xiang Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe probability of a train running over a bridge when an earthquake occurs is increasing with the total mileage of China’s high-speed railway network expanding. To study this issue, a three-dimensional train-track-bridge dynamic interaction system subjected to seismic excitations is established based on commercial mathematical software. Besides, a set of motion equations of the system are derived according to the multibody dynamics, the finite element method theory and the bridge seismic theory. Moreover, in order to study the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges under earthquake, a series of experiments are conducted on a scaled high-speed railway simple supported bridge model with a ballastless track slab excited by shaking table tests. Meanwhile, the strain of rails, track slabs, base plates and girder in various working conditions are measured by quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing stuck in bridge members. At last, the dynamic response of each structure member is demonstrated in the time and frequency domains. Furthermore, the seismic isolation performance of bridge members, such as fasteners, cement asphalt (CA) mortar layer and so on, is explained in details.
Operative Management of Thyroid Disease in Older Adults
Authors: Kim Jina , Seib Carolyn D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As the population ages, both domestically and globally, clinicians will increasingly find themselves navigating treatment decisions for thyroid disease in older adults. When considering surgical treatment, individualizing risk assessment is particularly important, as older patients can present with very different health profiles. While fit, independent individuals may benefit from thyroidectomy with minimal risk, those with multiple comorbidities and poor functional status are at higher risk of perioperative complications, which can have adverse health effects and detract from long-term quality of life. In order to optimize surgical outcomes for older adults, strategies for accurate risk assessment and mitigation are being explored. Surgical decision-making also should consider the characteristics of the thyroid disease being treated, given many benign thyroid disorders and some well-differentiated thyroid cancers can be appropriately managed nonoperatively without compromising longevity. Shared decision-making becomes increasingly important to respect the health priorities and optimize outcomes for older adults with thyroid disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of thyroid surgery in older adults to help inform decision-making among patients and their physicians.
Antiracist Protest Pedagogy
Authors: Lotier Kristopher M. , Perez Xiomara Trinidad , Pierre Aidan , Shah Prameet V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article describes an antiracist first-year writing curriculum, formulated in the wake of Black Lives Matter protests in 2020. Classroom participants examined the racialized and class-based nature of “Standard English,” then each student informed their instructor of how they wished to be graded. Student coauthors reflect on their educational experience.
The Twain Shall Meet
Authors: Ponce Timothy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn Wednesday, March 11, 2020, the author received an email that would change the course of his teaching for the following twenty-four months. The university-wide communication indicated that, due to the emerging COVID-19 crisis, all classes, activities, and university business was suspended, with the email further instructing faculty to wait at home for more details. As the author mulled over the educational shifts ahead of him, his training as a technical communicator—and more specifically his knowledge of user-experience (UX) and design thinking—kicked in, offering him a set of tools he could pull from as he sought to create courses that reflected the quickly shifting needs of his students. In this article, the author discusses how the use of design thinking expands the limited conversations about course co-creation, a practice that leads to more effective and equitable course designs. The author additionally uses his experience employing design thinking in the creation of his Shakespeare seminar course as a case study, demonstrating the value that the collaborative nature of design thinking has for pedagogy.
Corequisite English and Community College
Authors: Porter Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article proposes that the methods and philosophies informing corequisite teaching could be generalized throughout English studies to support students at all levels who are undergoing and recovering from pandemic-related traumas. Corequisite courses, which promote equity among first-year students, are designed with attention to trauma-informed approaches and a focus on process-driven writing. Instructors address noncognitive skills with students, such as time management and note-taking, and consider the cultural relevance of their reading and writing assignments. By describing specific activities and methods used at Hostos Community College, the article considers how strategies that are central to corequisite pedagogy might be widely adopted or adapted in this moment of reorientation for English studies. Additionally, the article suggests that mission-driven practices of community colleges serve as a model for higher education more broadly.
Intraoperative Biceps/Brachialis Stimulation for Snapping Triceps With Ulnar Neuritis
Authors: Maldonado Andres A. , Oishi Tatsuya , Lee Robert A. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Snapping of the triceps muscle occurs when a portion of the medial head dislocates over the medial epicondyle with elbow flexion. Resection or redirection of a portion of the triceps muscle is the main surgical treatment. The extent of triceps resection/redirection is difficult to evaluate. A novel intraoperative technique, stimulating the musculocutaneous nerve, to simulate active elbow flexion is proposed to help ensure that the snapping triceps has been adequately treated.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A patient presented with a several year history of bilateral elbow pain, snapping, and ulnar nerve (UN) paresthesias. Previous staged bilateral subcutaneous UN transpositions were performed at another institution for documented UN dislocation and neuritis. Postoperatively symptoms of painful snapping persisted. Bilateral snapping triceps was diagnosed. The left elbow was reoperated. Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the musculocutaneous nerve was performed to reproduce the snapping triceps. Activation of the biceps/brachialis muscles produced powerful elbow flexion, allowed direct visualization of the forceful snapping triceps, and helped assess the adequacy of muscle resection/redirection.

CONCLUSION:
Intraoperative biceps/brachialis stimulation can potentially help determine how much triceps muscle should be resected/redirected to treat patients with snapping triceps.
Evaluation of quantitative-qualitative levels of blood pressure by Tensioregulom
Authors: Kozyavkina Nataliya , Popovych Igor , Vovchyna Yuliya , Voronych-Semchenko Nataliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Dariya 
Published: May 2023

Background. Earlier we showed that the qualitative-quantitative clusters of blood pressure (BP) are very clearly different from each other by age, sex and the constellation of neuro-endocrine, immune and metabolic variables, which we called the Tensioregulome by analogy with the metabolome and the microbiome. The purpose of this study is detailing this concept. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 44 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy. The main object of the study was BP. We determined parameters of EEG and HRV, plasma levels of adaptation hormones, electrolytes, lipids, and nitrogenous metabolites, components of humoral, cellular, and phagocytic links of immunity and microbiota as well as markers of pyelonephritis. Results. The forward stepwise program identified 42 Tensioregulome parameters as characteristic of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters: 25 EEGs, sympathetic tone, cortisol, calcitonin, Bifidobacteria faeces, 5 metabolic and 5 immune parameters as well as sex and age. The accuracy of patient classification is 97,7%. Another 15 parameters were found to be characteristic, but were outside the discriminant model. Non-linear correlations between the BP and Tensioregulome parameters were revealed. Conclusion. The Tensioregulome allows us to reliably evaluate quantitative-qualitative levels of blood pressure without measuring it with a tonometer.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of anti-obesity drugs - an update on the current state of knowledge on available and investigational drugs
Authors: Cichoń Katarzyna , Chyćko Małgorzata , Czarnota Julia , Kromer Agata , Zapała Magdalena Alicja , Środoń Agnieszka , Wilk Joanna , Cholewa Małgorzata Maria , Gawryś Agnieszka , Łapaj Monika 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose of the work: Disturbing epidemiological data indicate that obesity has become a global problem and has reached the size of a worldwide epidemic. The search for effective methods of combating obesity seems to be an important step in preventing cardiovascular diseases and numerous metabolic complications. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of available drugs used in the treatment of obesity in accordance with the current state of knowledge and to present new pharmacological options.
State of knowledge: Pharmacotherapy provides overweight and obese adults with the opportunity to support weight reduction in the event of failure of lifestyle modifications. Currently registered drugs for the treatment of obesity are orlistat, lorcaserin, liraglutide and combination preparations: phentermine/topiramate and naltrexone SR/bupropion SR.
Summary: Among the currently available drugs for obesity, the most effective are phentermine/topiramate and liraglutide. Research is also underway on the use of new substances that promote weight loss. The latest data on semaglutide and tirzepatide have better efficacy results compared to currently available drugs with a similar safety profile. The latest data on semaglutide and tirzepatide improve the efficacy results of current drugs while maintaining a similar safety profile. It seems that the best way to lose excessive body weight should be an individualized approach to the treatment of obesity among patients, taking into account i.a. degree of obesity, comorbidities, contraindications, patient preferences, cost and availability of treatment. In clinical practice, when choosing a drug, we should pay attention to side effects and find a balance between effectiveness and safety. In addition to weight loss, the use of anti-obesity drugs has many additional benefits, including improvement of the cardiometabolic profile, reduction of glucose, insulin and lipids in the blood.
El envejecimiento de la población. Oportunidades y retos
Authors: Latorre Santos Catalina 
Published: May 2023

En los últimos años se ha hecho visible la transición demográfica y la epidemiológica. Es evidente que el envejecimiento de la población llegó para quedarse. El escenario nos enfrenta a un crecimiento de la población mayor de 60 años con una tendencia marcada a aumentar. Este incremento puede ser el desenlace de múltiples avances que durante los últimos años se han producido en el marco de las intervenciones sanitarias, las vacunas, el acceso a servicios de salud, la urbanización, entre otras, y por la disminución de los nacimientos.La pirámide poblacional mundial ha cambiado significativamente en los últimos 60 años, dada una reducción en el porcentaje de personas menores de 14 años y un aumento constante en el de personas mayores. En 1950, el porcentaje de personas mayores de 65 años en la población mundial era de aproximadamente el 5,1 %, mientras que para 2017 fue del 8,7 %, y se espera que para 2050 sea del 15,8 %. En general, las áreas metropolitanas y urbanas presentan un envejecimiento más acelerado.
Adolescent women's perspective of pregnancy in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Moridi Maryam , Shokravi Farkhondeh Amin , Pazandeh Farzaneh 
Published: May 2023

Background/AimsAdolescent pregnancy is a significant health problem that can lead to adverse effects for the health of both adolescent mothers and their babies. Little is known about adolescent pregnancy from the perspective of adolescents, especially in developing countries, including Iran. The present study's aim was to explore Iranian adolescent women's perspectives of pregnancy.MethodsThis study was a thematic analysis conducted from November 2018 to October 2019 in north Iran. Data were collected through 24 unstructured, face-to-face in depth interviews which were transcribed and analysed using coding, constant comparison and memo writing.ResultsThe experiences were categorised into five themes: ‘skeptical confronting pregnancy’, ‘intelligent self-care’, ‘embracing the pregnancy’, ‘effective support from others’ and ‘mixed perceptions of pregnancy’.ConclusionsThis study could improve healthcare professionals' adaptation of care for pregnant adolescent women and inspire them to tailor their care specifically to adolescents' needs.
Highly reliable integrated W-band transmitter based on an on-chip dual-mode DFB laser and cascaded microring modulators
Authors: Liu Xuying , Zhang Wenjia , Jiang Yue , Wang Han , Lu Dan , Yang Fan , He Zuyuan 
Published: May 2023

We propose an integrated W-band transmitter enabled by an integrated dual-mode distributed feedback (DFB) laser and cascaded silicon photonic microring modulators for next-generation wireless communication. 10 Gb/s error-free intensity modulation and direct detection W-band transmission are achieved in experiments by using the dual-mode DFB laser and two free-running lasers. Moreover, we conduct an experiment of dual-carrier modulation based on cascaded microring modulators, achieving 3 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement and better signaling integrity for wireless communication. The proposed photonic integrated W-band transmitter will be a viable solution for a high-speed and low-power wireless communication system.
High-sensitivity and fast-response fiber optic temperature sensor using an anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide mechanism
Authors: Li Zhibin , Wu Ziye , Li Zhuoqi , Ou Liangxun , Zhang Wenxiang , Lai Zhicong , Zhang Yu , Xie Mengyuan , Tang Jieyuan , Zhu Wenguo , Zheng Huadan , Zhong Yongchun , Deng Xiong , Zou Xihua , Chen Zhe , Yu Jianhui 
Published: May 2023

Temperature sensing is essential for human health monitoring. High-sensitivity (>1  nm/°C) fiber sensors always require long interference paths and temperature-sensitive materials, leading to a long sensor and thus slow response (6–14 s). To date, it is still challenging for a fiber optic temperature sensor to have an ultrafast (∼ms) response simultaneously with high sensitivity. Here, a side-polished single-mode/hollow/single-mode fiber (SP-SHSF) structure is proposed to meet the challenge by using the length-independent sensitivity of an anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide mechanism. With a polydimethylsiloxane filled sub-nanoliter volume cavity in the SP-SHSF, the SP-SHSF exhibits a high temperature sensitivity of 4.223 nm/°C with a compact length of 1.6 mm, allowing an ultrafast response (16 ms) and fast recovery time (176 ms). The figure of merit (FOM), defined as the absolute ratio of sensitivity to response time, is proposed to assess the comprehensive performance of the sensor. The FOM of the proposed sensor reaches up to 263.94  (nm/°C)/s, which is more than two to three orders of magnitude higher than those of other temperature fiber optic sensors reported previously. Additionally, a three-month cycle test shows that the sensor is highly robust, with excellent reversibility and accuracy, allowing it to be incorporated with a wearable face mask for detecting temperature changes during human breathing. The high FOM and high stability of the proposed sensing fiber structure provide an excellent opportunity to develop both ultrafast and highly sensitive fiber optic sensors for wearable respiratory monitoring and contactless in vitro detection.
Entomological surveillance on Aedes aegypti during covid 19 period in Cape Coast, Ghana: Risk of arboviral outbreaks, multiple insecticide resistance and distribution of F1534C, V410L and V1016I kdr mutations
Authors: Ayettey Joana , Ablorde Aikins , Amlalo Godwin K. , Mensah Ben A. , Kudom Andreas A. 
Published: May 2023

Background
The study assessed the risk of transmission of Aedes-borne arboviruses in a community at Cape Coast during the Covid-19 restriction period in 2020 based on entomological indices. The spatial distribution of insecticide resistance was also assessed in Ae. aegypti population from Cape Coast.

Methods
Three larval indices were calculated from a household larval survey in 100 randomly selected houses. WHO susceptibility bioassay was performed on female adult Ae. aegypti that were reared from the larvae collected from household containers and other receptacles located outside houses against four insecticides. The mosquitoes were also screened for F1534C, V1016I, and V410L kdr mutations.

Results
The estimated larval indices in the study community were House index– 34%, Container index– 22.35%, and Breteau index– 2.02. The mosquito population was resistant to Deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%), Fenitrothion (1%), and Bendiocarb (0.1%). A triple kdr mutation, F1534C, V410L and V1016I were detected in the mosquito population.

Conclusion
The study found the risk of an outbreak of Aedes-borne diseases lower in the covid-19 lockdown period than before the pandemic period. The low risk was related to frequent clean-up exercises in the community during the Covid-19 restriction period. Multiple insecticide resistance couple with three kdr mutations detected in the study population could affect the effectiveness of control measures, especially in emergency situations. The study supports sanitation improvement as a tool to control Ae. aegypti and could complement insecticide-based tools in controlling this vector.