bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-enabled real-time prediction of impurity-induced detachment in EAST
Authors: Yu Yue , Guo Bing-Qi , Meng Ling-Yi , Li Ke-Dong , Wu Kai , Yu Lin , Duan Yan-Min , Xu Guo-Sheng , Sang Chao-Feng , Wang Liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Impurity seeding has been consistently demonstrated to facilitate plasma detachment, effectively reducing the amount of heat and particles reaching divertor targets. However, achieving and maintaining a stable detached state requires precise, real-time monitoring of the seeding rate. Current limitations in diagnostic accuracy and reliance on manual adjustments hinder this process. Here, a novel approach based on deep learning is proposed to assist in monitoring the state of detachment in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. This method enables instantaneous prediction of the plasma electron temperature near strike points on divertors. The model circumvents the conventional dependence on Langmuir probes for detachment control, the reliability of which will become increasingly challenging to ensure in future reactor environments. Instead, radiation data detected by photodiodes are primarily adopted to accommodate diverse operational conditions. Rigorous analysis confirms that the key determinants of the detachment state include the neutral beam injection (NBI) power, plasma current, line-averaged density, and impurity seeding rate. NBI synergizes with radio-frequency heating, broadening heat flux profiles and thereby facilitating plasma detachment. The effect of impurity seeding is consistent across different toroidal seeding locations. Despite being trained on nitrogen-seeding experimental data, the model demonstrates self-consistency with the aforementioned findings when applied to neon-seeding and argon-seeding discharges. This consistency further validates the applicability of the model across different impurity seeding scenarios. This fresh perspective will advance the understanding of detachment control.
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells: a comprehensive review of recent strategies and progress
Authors: Wang Haocheng , Lin Wenjie , Wang Yongqian , Qiu Kaifu , Yu Xuegong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) have garnered global interest owing to their potential for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) at reduced costs. While single-junction solar cells presently lead the photovoltaic (PV) market, PSTSCs recently achieved a record-breaking PCE of 33.9%, showing considerable promise as a next-generation PV technology. Developing highly efficient PSTSCs at a low production cost could markedly impact the future of the PV industry. Perovskite-based TSCs have demonstrated superior efficiency in converting light compared to their standalone counterparts, owing to their more effective utilization of the photon spectrum and reduced energy loss. However, to surpass the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit of 29.4% for silicon solar cells, several challenges must be addressed, necessitating a deeper understanding of this promising technology. This review offers a distinct perspective on the routes toward commercializing PSTSCs and scrutinizes the current forefront of scientific and engineering hurdles in this domain. Leveraging insights from existing research on perovskites and silicon, we summarize the technical issues anticipated during the large-scale production of PSTSCs and project potential avenues for future research.&#xD;
One-way multiple beam splitter designed by quantum-like shortcut-to-adiabatic passage
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Wei Yating , Deng Li , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we introduce a quantum-mechanical shortcut-to-adiabatic passage (STAP) into the design of multiple beam splitter. The device consists of one input and N output waveguide (WG) channels, which are connected via a mediator WG. After reducing such (N + 2)-WG structure into a controllable 3-WG counterpart by Morris-Shore transformation, we point out that the structure is available for all possible three-level STAP methods. By implementing one of them which does not require additional couplings, we can achieve the multiple beam splitting with arbitrary ratios among the N outputs. What is more, the device length is significantly shortened. Except for this, it is quite unique that the design exhibits a one-way energy transport. The underlying physics is presented. These features may have profound impacts on exploring quantum technologies for promoting advanced optical devices.
An inserting pilot frequency-doubling millimeter wave radio over fiber system without bit walk-off effect by polarization modulator
Authors: Chen Xin Qiao , Dou Yu Fei , Chen Xu , Xiao Huaibao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An inserting pilot frequency-doubling millimeter-wave (MMW) radio over fiber (ROF) system is proposed to overcome fiber dispersion by polarization modulator (PoIM). At the central station, the optical carrier is first split into two beams, one beam is used as the pilot, and the other is modulated by a PolM with a composite radio frequency drive signal which is formed by combining the phase modulated data signal and the amplified data signal. By adjusting key parameters of the system, the output main components of the PolM are ±1st order sidebands, the downlink data signal is modulated only on the +1st order sideband. At the base station (BS), the pilot is reflected out by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and used as the optical carrier of uplink for carrier reuse. By feeding the output signal of the FBG into the photodetector, the frequency-doubling MMW signal with downlink is produced. In the case of BER is 10−9, and the length of fiber is 40 km and 80 km, the power penalty is 0.51 dB and 2.54 dB for the downlink, 0.49 dB and 4.72 dB for the uplink, respectively. Compared to the downlink of a conventional ROF system, in the 40 km and 80 km fiber transmission distance, our scheme raises the sensitivity of the receiver to 3.42 dB and 2.85 dB, respectively. Our designed ROF system can overcome the bit walk-off effect and have no problems with extinction ratio limitation and the DC drift. Carrier reuse realized by inserting a pilot can overcome the problems of downlink performance degradation and tunability restriction caused by conventional carrier reuse methods
Remarks on a nonlinear electromagnetic extension in AdS Reissner-Nordström spacetime
Authors: Araújo Filho A.A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore the gravitational properties of a nonlinear electromagnetic extension of an AdS Reissner-Nordström black hole. Our study begins with an analysis of the metric function and horizon structure, followed by calculations of the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars and an evaluation of the non-vanishing Christoffel symbols. These calculations allow us to examine geodesics and their influence on the photon sphere and shadow formation. In the thermodynamic framework, we evaluate essential quantities, including the Hawking temperature, entropy, heat capacity, Gibbs free energy, and Hawking radiation emission. We further investigate black hole evaporation by estimating the evaporation timescale as the black hole approaches its final state. Additionally, quasinormal modes for scalar and vector perturbations are computed using the WKB approximation to characterize oscillatory behavior of the system. Finally, a time-domain analysis is provided in order to examine the evolution of these perturbations.
Authenticated bidirectional quantum secure direct communication with single photons
Authors: Li Li-Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a novel authenticated bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (ABQSDC) scheme is constructed by using single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom, which is able to simultaneously exchange the private bit sequences between two remote users while authenticating their identifications. This scheme is verified to have no information leakage problem and be immune to the outside active attacks. This scheme only needs single photons in two degrees of freedom as quantum resource and single-photon measurements, and has a qubit efficiency of

2

/

3

. This scheme has a quantum communication capacity of four classical bits carried by one single photon in two degrees of freedom, and does not need to generate the initial quantum resource specially. This scheme has good practical feasibility with current quantum technologies.
Experimental study and gyrokinetic simulations of isotope effects on core heat transport in JET tokamak deuterium and tritium plasmas
Authors: Brioschi D. , Mantica P. , Mariani A. , Bonanomi N. , Delabie E. , Garcia J. , Hawkes N. , Jepu I. , Keeling D. , Lerche E. , Litherland-Smith E. , Maggi C.F. , Menmuir S. , Szepesi G. , Taylor D. , Van Eester D. ,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a study on the dependence of the ion temperature stiffness on the plasma main ion isotope mass in JET ITER-like wall and C wall discharges. To this aim, a database of H, D and T shots is analyzed, including new dedicated shots, comparing experiments with lower and higher power injected by the NBI system. In order to characterize the turbulence dependence on the isotope mass, three of these discharges (two in T and one in D) with same external heating scheme are studied in detail and interpreted with gyrokinetic linear and nonlinear simulations. The analysis is performed at fixed radius

ρ

tor

=
0.33

, selected in order to maximize the electromagnetic stabilizing effects on turbulence, both from thermal and suprathermal particles. The experimental results show a clear ion temperature stiffness reduction when heavier isotopes are considered, thus moving from H to D to T, which is attributed to an increasing thermal electromagnetic stabilization with increasing main isotope mass.
Characterisation of analogue MAPS produced in the 65 nm TPSCo process
Authors: Ploerer E. , Baba H. , Baudot J. , Besson A. , Bugiel S. , Chujo T. , Colledani C. , Dorokhov A. , El Bitar Z. , Goffe M. , Gunji T. , Hu-Guo C. , Ilg A. , Jaaskelainen K. , Katsuno T. , Kluge A. , Kostina A. , Kumar A. , Lorenzetti A. , Macchiolo A. , Mager M. , Park J. , Sakai S. , Senyukov S. , Shamas H. , Shibata D. , Snoeys W. , Stanek P. , Suljic M. , Tomasek L. , Valin I. , Wada R. , Yamaguchi Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within the context of the ALICE ITS3 collaboration, a set of MAPS small-scale test structures were developed using the 65 nm TPSCo CMOS imaging process with the upgrade of the ALICE inner tracking system as its primary focus. One such sensor, the Circuit Exploratoire 65 nm (CE-65), and its evolution the CE-65v2, were developed to explore charge collection properties for varying configurations including collection layer process (standard, blanket, modified with gap), pixel pitch (15, 18, 22.5 µm), and pixel geometry (square vs hexagonal/staggered).
In this work the characterisation of the CE-65v2 chip, based on 55Fe lab measurements and test beams at CERN SPS, is presented. Matrix gain uniformity up to the 𝒪(5%) level was demonstrated for all considered chip configurations. The CE-65v2 chip achieves a spatial resolution of under 2 µm during beam tests. Process modifications allowing for faster charge collection and less charge sharing result in decreased spatial resolution, but a considerably wider range of operation, with both the 15 µm and 22.5 µm chips achieving over 99% efficiency up to a ∼ 180 e- seed threshold. The results serve to validate the 65 nm TPSCo CMOS process, as well as to motivate design choices in future particle detection experiments.
Defects and performance of CdTe and CZT detectors
Authors: Bezak M. , Hildén T. , Kalliokoski M. , Turpeinen R. , Väänänen M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cadmium Telluride and Cadmium Zinc Telluride detectors are used in various environments in high-energy, nuclear, medical and astrophysics. They are high-Z materials and have high interaction probability with high energy X-rays and gamma rays. However, the crystal properties, especially various defects have impact on the charge collection efficiency. In this paper we studied the response of the crystallographic defects to estimate their impact on detector performance.
Design and evaluation of oil well cement-based composite materials improved by multi-component flexible materials
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Chengwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Complex oil and gas wells often experience complex stresses underground during the extraction process, which can easily cause damage to the cement paste. To improve the flexibility of oil well cement-based composite materials for wells, the evaluation was conducted on the effects of polyethylene fibers, elastic particles, and epoxy resin in cement slurry. Three types of flexible materials were used to design improved flexible cement-based composite materials for wells, and the performances of cement paste were evaluated. The results show that polyethylene fibers have excellent properties. With appropriate dosage, the flexural strength of oil well cement paste can be improved through bonding and traction, and there is no negative effect on the rheology of cement slurry. Elastic particles and epoxy resin can enhance the deformability and flexibility of cement paste by forming flexible structural centers and polymer film structures. The cement slurry established using polyethylene fibers, elastic particles, and epoxy resin has excellent workability, higher mechanical properties, lower elastic modulus, and better flexibility compared to conventional cement slurry systems. Compared with the conventional cement slurry system, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the flexible oil well cement-based composite materials cured for 24 h increased by 12.44% and 26.03% respectively, while the triaxial elastic modulus decreased by 33.68%. Different flexible materials form a synergistic effect by filling the interior of cement paste to improve its flexibility.
High-resolution canopy fuel maps based on GEDI: a foundation for wildfire modeling in Germany
Authors: Heisig Johannes , Milenković Milutin , Pebesma Edzer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Forest fuels are essential for wildfire behavior modeling and risk assessments but difficult to quantify accurately. An increase in fire frequency in recent years, particularly in regions traditionally not prone to fire, such as central Europe, has increased demands for large-scale remote sensing fuel information. This study develops a methodology for mapping canopy fuels over large areas (Germany) at high spatial resolution, exclusively relying on open remote sensing data. We propose a two-step approach where we first use measurements from NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) instrument to estimate canopy fuel variables at the footprint level, before predicting high-resolution raster maps. Instead of using field measurements, we generate (GEDI-) footprint-level estimates for canopy (Base) height (CH, CBH), cover (CC), bulk density (CBD), and fuel load (CFL) by segmenting airborne Light Detection and Ranging point clouds and processing tree-level metrics with allometric crown biomass models. To predict footprint-level canopy fuels we fit and tune Random Forest models, which are cross-validated using k-fold nearest neighbor distance matching. Predictions at >1.6 M GEDI footprints and biophysical raster covariates are combined with a universal Kriging method to produce countrywide maps at 20 m resolution. Agreement (RMSE/R
2) with validation data (from the same population) was strong for footprint-level predictions and moderate for map predictions. A validation with estimates based on National Forest Inventory data revealed low to modest agreement. Better accuracy was achieved for variables related to height (CH, CBH) rather than to cover or biomass (CBD, CFL). Error analysis pointed towards a mixture of biases in model predictions and validation data, as well as underestimation of model prediction standard errors. Contributing factors may be simplification through allometric equations and spatial and temporal mismatch of data inputs. The proposed workflow has the potential to support regions where wildfire is an emerging issue, and fuel and field information is scarce or unavailable.
Makoto Shinohara, Obsession for Oboe and Piano (1960)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers historical and cultural context, and musical analysis, of Makoto Shinohara’s composition Obsession for Oboe and Piano (1960). The tumultuous postwar era in Japan, Shinohara’s musical education in Europe and work with the renowned composer Olivier Messiaen, and subsequent stylistic evolution greatly influenced his compositions. Obsession reveals a juxtaposition of traditional Japanese sound structures, drawing on the sound and tonal flexibility of the traditional Japanese instrument the hichiriki, and Western musical techniques. While some critics argue that the piece fails to bridge traditional and modernistic avant-garde styles, it can also be regarded as a masterpiece of musical hybridity. A detailed musical analysis discusses Shinohara’s innovative use of timbral flexibility, atonality, transformation of set classes, motivic elements, and modules. The narrative tension between the oboe and piano, highlighted by their interplay, is a notable feature that underscores Shinohara’s unique compositional style.
Francis Poulenc, Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1962)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Francis Poulenc’s Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1962) and explores the intricate relationship between the composer’s personal journey and his musical output. Born in Paris to a wealthy, arts-loving family, Poulenc was introduced to music from a young age, eventually becoming an accomplished pianist. His experience was shaped by the religious fervor of his father and the worldly charm of his mother, resulting in a personality characterized by sharp contrasts and reflected in his compositions. Poulenc’s works, notably his final composition, the Sonata for Oboe and Piano, reveal his complex paradoxical persona. Evoking elements of both solemnity and wildness, this piece is regarded by commentators as an introspective farewell. This chapter explores the sonata’s intricate harmonies and unique slow-fast-slow format, juxtaposing its contemplative mood with moments of frenzied intensity. It also explores Poulenc’s relationship with contemporary literary circles and his reflections on mortality through nostalgia.
Edmund Rubbra, Sonata in C for Oboe and Piano, Op. 100 (1958)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Charles Edmund Rubbra, a prominent 20th-century British composer and music critic, crafted his Sonata in C Major for Oboe and Piano, Op. 100, in 1958 for renowned oboist Evelyn Rothwell. Rubbra’s lower-class upbringing in Northampton and early exposure to music through his family were pivotal in shaping his unique compositional style, marked by an interplay of melodic, harmonic, and textural elements. The oboe sonata showcases Rubbra’s command of counterpoint, tonal structures, and intricate melodic development. An exploration of the piece reveals a harmonically rich and rhythmically compelling work that challenges traditional tonal boundaries. The sonata’s three movements present a journey from the dramatic unfolding of themes to a pastoral rondo, all composed with an economy of musical ideas. This work reflects Rubbra’s vision of “unity of being” in music, demonstrating the depth and breadth of his compositional brilliance within the historical context of British 20th-century music.
Thea Musgrave, Night Windows (2007)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the profound impact of Scottish-American composer Thea Musgrave on the contemporary music landscape, with particular emphasis on her composition Night Windows (2007) for oboe and piano. The chapter discusses Musgrave’s pioneering approach to “long-term harmony” and impact on her stylistic development from her teachers Nadia Boulanger and Aaron Copland, and the influence of Charles Ives and Milton Babbitt. The analysis of Night Windows, a five-movement work, reflects varied emotional states. Inspired by Edward Hopper’s painting, the piece was dedicated to British oboist Nicholas Daniel, encapsulating expressions of loneliness, anger, nostalgia, despair, and frenzy. The exploration of the musical techniques, including the use of open fifths to express loneliness, octatonic scales to represent anger, and lyrical phrases to convey nostalgia, underscore Musgrave’s innovative compositional style. Particular attention is paid to Musgrave’s adept manipulation of structural and textural features, defying traditional form, and ingeniously employing a “dramatic-abstract” style.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and epigenetic age acceleration in children
Authors: Ni Wenli , Bozack Anne K , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Oken Emily , Hivert Marie-France , Nassikas Nicholas J , Sordillo Joanne , Perng Wei , Gold Diane R , Cardenas Andres , Rice Mary B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in adults, but its impact on children remains less understood. This study analyzed data from 457 children (mean age: 7.9 years) in the Project Viva cohort (2007-2010, eastern Massachusetts, USA). We calculated EAA from leukocytes: Horvath’s Epigenetic Age Acceleration (HorvathEAA), Intrinsic Epigenetic Age Acceleration (IEAA), and Skin and Blood Epigenetic Age Acceleration (Skin&BloodEAA). We applied generalized additive models to evaluate associations of prior 365-day average and lifetime average exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3, and distance to major roadways with EAA. Results indicated that each interquartile range of prior 365-day average of PM2.5 corresponded with 0.26 years (95% CI: -0.49, -0.03) lower HorvathEAA, although it did not survive multiple testing adjustment. Similar patterns but with wider confidence intervals were observed for IEAA (-0.22, 95% CI: -0.44, 0.01) and Skin&BloodEAA (-0.04, 95% CI: -0.19, 0.11). No associations were observed of exposure to lifetime average PM2.5, prior-year or lifetime average NO2 or O3, or distance to major roadways with EAA. These findings suggest higher prior 365-day average PM2.5 exposure may relate to lower HorvathEAA in children.