bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dating the evolution of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida): total‐evidence dating analysis supports a Late Silurian‐Early Devonian origin and post‐Mesozoic morphological stasis
Authors: Flores Jorge R. , Bippus Alexander C. , de Ullivarri Carmen Fernández , Suárez Guillermo M. , Hyvönen Jaakko , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Divergence times based on molecular clock analyses often differ from those derived from total‐evidence dating (TED) approaches. For bryophytes, fossils have been excluded from previous assessments of divergence times, and thus, their utility in dating analyses remains unexplored. Here, we conduct the first TED analyses of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) that include fossils and evaluate macroevolutionary trends in morphological ‘diversity’ (disparity) and rates.

Phylogenetic analyses were performed on a combined dataset of 130 discrete characters and 11 molecular markers (sampled from nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial genomes). Taxon sampling spanned 56 extant species – representing all the orders within Marchantiophyta and extant genera within Marchantiales – and eight fossil taxa.

Total‐evidence dating analyses support the radiation of Marchantiopsida during Late Silurian‐Early Devonian (or Middle Ordovician when the outgroup is excluded) and that of Ricciaceae in the Middle Jurassic. Morphological change rate was high early in the history of the group, but it barely increased after Late Cretaceous. Disparity‐through‐time analyses support a fast increase in diversity until the Middle Triassic (c. 250 Ma), after which phenotypic evolution slows down considerably.

Incorporating fossils in analyses challenges previous assumptions on the affinities of extinct taxa and indicates that complex thalloid liverworts radiated c. 125 Ma earlier than previously inferred.
New motherhood and eugenics in German women's political and popular fiction around 1900
Authors: Bland Caroline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFictional texts have long functioned as a testing ground for new impulses in society. At the turn of the twentieth century many German feminists were demanding greater influence for women in public life not despite but because of their role as mothers. At the same time writers, scientists and activists from across the political spectrum were fascinated by eugenics, seeing this new ‘science’ as the answer to many social ills. Hopes and remedies for the ‘new generation’, formed within the paradigm of evolutionary biology and a growing faith in science, were thus the focus of much public discourse and the impetus for a range of well‐documented social movements. These ideas were also shaping a new direction for prominent women writers of the day, such as Ilse Frapan and Clara Viebig. Here I examine two novels which exemplify the trend and consider the extent of these writers' involvement with the circles of influence which were helping to spread eugenic ideas in the German‐speaking world around 1900.
Situs inversus totalis: A challenge for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Peñaloza Sebastián , Godoy Marcelo , Miranda Rodrigo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or in a mirror image from their normal positions that affects one per 10,000 live births. It is associated with dextrocardia (DXC) in which the heart is located on the right side of the chest. We present a challenging cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation in a 60‐year‐old man with SIT‐DXC, heart failure, extreme bradycardia, wide QRS, and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The procedure was complex due to the mirror‐image anatomy and the tortuous origin of the coronary sinus (CS) branches that required a subselection catheter for adequate lead implantation.
Properties and safety of topical dihydroxyacetone in sunless tanning products: A review
Authors: Owji Shayan , Teklehaimanot Fayven , Maghfour Jalal , Lim Henry W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSunless tanning products have risen in popularity as the desire for a tanned appearance continues alongside growing concerns about the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple carbohydrate found nearly universally in sunless tanning products that serves to impart color to the skin. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates sunless tanning products as cosmetics, allows DHA for external use while maintaining that its ingestion, inhalation, or contact with mucosal surfaces should be avoided. Given its widespread use and a paucity of reviews on its safety, we aim to review the literature on the topical properties and safety profile of DHA. Available data indicate that DHA possesses only minimal to no observable photoprotective properties. In vitro studies suggest that, while DHA concentrations much higher than those in sunless tanning products are needed to induce significant cytotoxicity, even low millimolar, nonlethal concentrations can alter the function of keratinocytes, tracheobronchial cells, and other cell types on a cellular and molecular level. Instances of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis triggered by DHA exposures have also been reported. While no other side effects in humans have been observed, additional studies on the safety and toxicity of DHA in humans are warranted, with a focus on concentrations and frequencies of DHA exposure typically encountered by consumers.
How does the geography of surveillance affect collective action?
Authors: Penić Sandra , Donnay Karsten , Bhavnani Ravi , Elcheroth Guy , Albzour Mai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow does residing in the proximity of surveillance infrastructure—i.e., checkpoints, the separation barrier, and military installations—affect support for cooperative and confrontational forms of collective action? Cooperative actions involve engagement with outgroups to advance the ingroup cause (e.g., negotiations, joint actions, and peace movements), whereas confrontational actions involve unilateral tactics to weaken the outgroup (e.g., boycott, armed resistance). In the context of West Bank and Jerusalem, we combine geo‐coded data on the surveillance infrastructure with a representative survey of the adult population from 49 communities (N = 1,000). Our multilevel analyses show that surveillance does not affect support for confrontational actions but instead decreases support for cooperative actions. Moreover, we identify a new, community‐level mechanism whereby surveillance undermines cooperative actions through weakening inclusive norms that challenge dominant us‐versus‐them perspectives. These effects are empirically robust to various individual‐ and community‐level controls, as well as to the potential of reverse causality and residential self‐selection. Our findings illustrate how cooperative voices and the fabric of social communities become the first casualties of exposure to surveillance. They also speak to the importance of considering structural factors, with broader implications for the socio‐psychological study of collective action.
Development programming: Stress during gestation alters offspring development in sheep
Authors: Wei Mingji , Gao Qian , Liu Junjun , Yang Yan , Yang Jinyan , Fan Jingchang , Lv Shenjin , Yang Shengmei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInappropriate management practices of domestic animals during pregnancy can be potential stressors, resulting in complex behavioural, physiological and neurological consequences in the developing offspring. Some of these consequences can last into adulthood or propagate to subsequent generations. We systematically summarized the results of different experimental patterns using artificially increased maternal glucocorticoid levels or prenatal maternal physiological stress paradigms, mediators between prenatal maternal stress (PMS) and programming effects in the offspring and the effects of PMS on offspring phenotypes in sheep. PMS can impair birthweight, regulate the development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, modify behavioural patterns and cognitive abilities and alter gene expression and brain morphology in offspring. Further research should focus on the effects of programming on gene expression, immune function, gut microbiome, sex‐specific effects and maternal behaviour of offspring, especially comparative studies of gestational periods when PMS is applied, continual studies of programming effects on offspring and treatment strategies that effectively reverse the detrimental programming effects of prenatal stress.
Effect of sex on muscle–tendon imbalances and tendon micromorphology in adolescent athletes—A longitudinal consideration
Authors: Domroes Theresa , Weidlich Kolja , Bohm Sebastian , Arampatzis Adamantios , Mersmann Falk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImbalances between muscle strength and tendon stiffness may cause high‐level tendon strain during maximum effort muscle contractions and lead to tendon structural impairments and an increased risk for tendinopathy in adolescent athletes. However, it remains unclear whether the development of musculotendinous imbalances is influenced by sex. At four measurement time points during a competitive season, we measured quadriceps femoris muscle strength and patellar tendon mechanical properties in 15 female (14.3 ± 0.7 years) and 13 male (16.0 ± 0.6 years) elite handball players of similar maturity using dynamometry and ultrasonography. To estimate the tendon's structural integrity, the peak spatial frequency (PSF) of proximal tendon ultrasound scans was determined. Females demonstrated significantly lower muscle strength (p < 0.001) and patellar tendon stiffness (p < 0.001) than males with no significant changes over time (p > 0.05). Tendon strain during isometric maximum voluntary contractions and PSF neither differed between sexes nor changed significantly over time (p > 0.05). We found lower fluctuations in muscle strength (p < 0.001) in females during the season but no differences in the fluctuations of tendon strain, stiffness, and PSF (p > 0.05). Descriptively, there was a similar frequency (~40%) of athletes with high‐level tendon strain (>9%) in both sexes. These findings suggest that the lower strength capacity of female athletes is paralleled by lower tendon stiffness. Thereby, muscle–tendon imbalances occur to a similar extent in both sexes leading to increased strain levels during the season, which indicates the need for specific tendon training.
‘If you're a male primary teacher, there's a big “why are you doing that? What is wrong with you?”’ Gendered expectations of male primary teachers: The ‘double bind’
Authors: McDowell Joanne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe underrepresentation of men in non‐traditional fields of work is often attributed to essentialist gendered beliefs that associate such roles exclusively with women. This phenomenon is not limited to any specific country but is observed worldwide. Moreover, male teacher drop‐out rates remain a consistent issue. This article examines the detrimental impact of gendered expectations of masculinity on male primary teachers through interviews conducted with both male and female teachers in the UK. It argues that men in this occupation face a ‘double bind,’ being judged for conforming to hegemonic masculine norms while also facing judgement for deviating from them. All male teachers interviewed expressed feeling the pressure of gendered expectations, which primarily stem from one central misconception fuelled by traditional conceptions of gender; that the occupation is unsuitable for men. As a result, men who enter the profession encounter challenges not only related to their gender but also their sexuality and their sense of professional identity as teachers. Addressing the damaging role of gender beliefs is crucial in promoting the numerical representation of men in the teaching profession.
Improving Centralized Offshore Power Generation Design With Petri Net-Based Availability and Reliability Analysis
Authors: Melani Arthur Henrique de Andrade , de Souza Gilberto Francisco Martha , de Oliveira Silvio , Freire Ronaldo Lucas Alkmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The offshore industry has actively sought technological solutions that reduce CO2 emissions from platform operations. One of the possible solutions being studied is the implementation of Power Hubs, which would generate electricity and distribute it to nearby platforms. Unlike the traditional approach, in which the electricity is generated in the platform for its operation, centralizing such generation via Power Hubs can make the process more efficient, reducing CO2 emissions. However, such a configuration increases the complexity of the operation and can impact the reliability and availability of platforms connected to the Power Hub. Therefore, this work aims to perform reliability and availability estimates of this type of operational configuration and compare it with the traditional offshore operation to quantify the difference between them. Various kinds of Power Hubs configurations were also analyzed to compare the results obtained. Such analyzes were performed using Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPNs) models. Results show that, depending on their configurations, Power Hubs can guarantee an average availability of energy generation close to 100% even in periods of higher demand for oil and gas production.
Analytical Solution for the Bending Problem of Micropolar Plates Based on the Symplectic Approach
Authors: Wu Qiong , Chen Long , Gao Qiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An analytical solution for the bending problem of micropolar plates is derived based on the symplectic approach. By applying Legendre's transformation, we obtain the Hamiltonian canonical equation for the bending problem of a micropolar plate. Utilizing the method of separation of variables, the homogeneous Hamiltonian canonical equation can be transformed into an eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian operator matrix. We derive the eigensolutions of the eigenvalue problem for the simply supported, free, and clamped boundary conditions at the two opposite sides. Based on the adjoint symplectic orthogonal relation of the eigensolutions, the solution of the bending problem of the micropolar plate is expressed as a series expansion of eigensolutions. Numerical results confirm the validity of the present approach for the bending problem of micropolar plates under various boundary conditions and demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to capture the size-dependent behavior of micropolar plates.
Comparative study of the etiology of nosocomial bacteremic pneumonia in ventilated and non-ventilated patients: a 10-year experience in an institution
Authors: Bouza Emilio , Guillen-Zabala Helmuth , Rojas Adriana , Cañada Gabriela , Cercenado Emilia , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Díez Cristina , Puente Luis , Muñoz Patricia , Galar Alicia 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The etiology of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in non-mechanically ventilated patients [hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)] is poorly understood because of difficulties in obtaining reliable respiratory samples. While it is thought to resemble that of mechanically ventilated patients [ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)], few studies compare etiology in both groups. We compared the etiology of bacteremic NP (bNP) episodes in HAP and VAP over 10 years in our institution. We defined NP in adults according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. bNP episodes were defined as significant isolates in ≥1 blood culture concordant with ≥1 respiratory pathogen isolated with <7 days of difference. During 2010–2019, 188 patients were included. The comparison between HAP (
n
= 104) and VAP (
n
= 84) revealed the following factors: male sex (80.8%/63.1%;
P
< 0.01); median age (69.3/67.8 y-o;
P
= 0.602); etiology [
Staphylococcus aureus
(40.49%/21.4%;
P
< 0.01), Enterobacterales (35.6%/39.3%;
P
= 0.601), and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(14.4%/34.5%;
P
< 0.01)]. Microorganisms were considered multidrug-resistant in 29.8%/21.4% of cases, respectively (
P
= 0.193). Median hospital stay in HAP/VAP was 45.0/53.5 days (
P
= 0.255), mortality was 55.8%/53.6% (
P
= 0.770), and related mortality was 45.2%/35.7% (
P
= 0.233). The etiology of bNP in hospitalized patients is similar but not identical in HAP and VAP. The differences included a higher prevalence of
S. aureus
in HAP and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in VAP. bNP is a serious disease, with mortality >40%.

IMPORTANCE

This study on bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia (bNP) demonstrates the importance of this condition both in patients undergoing and not undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Staphylococcus aureus
, Enterobacterales, and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are all causative agents in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), with a predominance of
S. aureus
in HAP and of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in VAP. Mortality in this condition is very high. Therefore, new therapeutic and preventive approaches should be sought.
Supplemental Material: Neogene faulting, basin development, and relief generation in the southern Klamath Mountains (USA)
Authors: Michalak Melanie J. , al. et 
Published: September 2023

<p>Figures include effective uranium (eU) versus apatite (U-Th)/He individual grain ages, Wetherill Concordia plots of Miocene detrital U-Pb ages, and structure contour map of Weaverville basin and Lowden Ranch graben. Tables include HeFTy inverse and forward model parameters, all detrital U-Pb ages and isotope ratios, and all Lu-Hf isotopic values. </p>
Career intentions of medical students in the UK: a national, cross-sectional study (AIMS study)
Authors: Ferreira Tomas , Collins Alexander M , Feng Oliver , Samworth Richard J , Horvath Rita 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo determine current UK medical students’ career intentions after graduation and on completing the Foundation Programme (FP), and to ascertain the motivations behind these intentions.DesignCross-sectional, mixed-methods survey of UK medical students, using a non-random sampling method.SettingAll 44 UK medical schools recognised by the General Medical Council.ParticipantsAll UK medical students were eligible to participate. The study sample consisted of 10 486 participants, approximately 25.50% of the medical student population.Outcome measuresCareer intentions of medical students postgraduation and post-FP, motivations behind these career intentions, characterising the medical student population and correlating demographic factors and propensity to leave the National Health Service (NHS).ResultsThe majority of participating students (8806/10 486, 83.98%) planned to complete both years of the FP after graduation, with under half of these students (4294/8806, 48.76%) intending to pursue specialty training thereafter. A subanalysis of career intentions after the FP by year of study revealed a significant decrease in students’ intentions to enter specialty training as they advanced through medical school. Approximately a third of surveyed students (3392/10 486, 32.35%) intended to emigrate to practise medicine, with 42.57% (n=1444) of those students not planning to return. In total, 2.89% of students intended to leave medicine altogether (n=303). Remuneration, work-life balance and working conditions were identified as important factors in decision-making regarding emigration and leaving the profession. Subgroup analyses based on gender, type of schooling, fee type and educational background were performed. Only 17.26% of surveyed students were satisfied or very satisfied with the overall prospect of working in the NHS.ConclusionsThe Ascertaining the career Intentions of UK Medical Students study highlights UK students’ views and career intentions, revealing a concerning proportion of those surveyed considering alternative careers or emigration. Addressing factors such as remuneration, work-life balance and working conditions may increase retention of doctors and improve workforce planning efforts.
What does the general public know about palliative care? A population-based survey
Authors: Matthys Marjolein , Chambaere Kenneth , Beernaert Kim , Cohen Joachim , Van Brussel Leen , Deforche Benedicte , Quintiens Bert , Deliens Luc , Dhollander Naomi 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe need for public education on palliative care has been widely argued for. To develop effective educational strategies, a stronger evidence base is needed on what exactly is known and unknown about palliative care as well as what the differences are between subgroups.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey. Mail questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 4400 citizens (aged ≥16 years) within 4 municipalities in Flanders, Belgium. The Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) was used to measure knowledge. Associations between knowledge and sociodemographics and various experiential factors were tested, as well as the congruence between actual and self-perceived knowledge scores.ResultsResponse was obtained from 2008 (45.6%) citizens. The mean PaCKS score was 7.87 (SD 3.41; range 0–13) with the highest proportion (84.7%) correctly answering that palliative care is not specifically for older adults and the lowest (32.1%) correctly answering that improving the ability to participate in daily life is a palliative care goal. Being aged between 30 and 59, non-religious, more highly educated, having professional healthcare experience and knowing palliative care through personal experience were significantly associated with higher knowledge, while sex and informal caregiving experience were not. 52.4% self-perceived their knowledge as lower than it actually was.ConclusionsWhile the general public seems to be familiar with some basic concepts of palliative care, several key aspects remain unknown. Educational strategies, with suggested potential for community-based and experience-based approaches, may need to focus specifically on these aspects and not just on the broader palliative care concept.
Effect of chemostat turnover rate and select antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium in the presence of porcine gastrointestinal tract bacteria
Authors: Anderson R.C. , Poole T.L. , Crippen T.L. , Harvey R.B. , Ricke S.C. 
Published: September 2023

The effect of select antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 persistence in a porcine cecal continuous flow culture was examined under two different washout rates. Porcine continuous flow cultures were conducted in the presence or absence of Gram-positive antibiotic carbadox. Carbadox eliminated chemostat anaerobes culturable on Brucella agar under 24 h turnover conditions, allowing Salmonella Typhimurium to persist for 15 days. Decreasing the culture dilution rate from a 24 to 48 h turnover time enabled Salmonella Typhimurium to maintain higher population levels more reflective of the theoretical washout rate when grown with than without added carbadox. This observation suggests that at the slower growth rate the presence of carbadox was antagonistic to the indigenous competitive exclusion potential of the mixed microbial population.