bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Analysis of the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Cracked Cantilever Beam
Authors: Hsu Chia-Ling , Tien Meng-Hsuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Structural damage occurs in a variety of civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering systems, and it is critical to effectively identify such damage in order to prevent catastrophic failures. When cracks are present in a structure, the breathing phenomenon that occurs between crack surfaces typically triggers nonlinearity in the dynamic response. In this work, in order to thoroughly understand the nonlinear effect of cracks on structural dynamics, two modeling approaches are integrated to investigate the crack-induced nonlinear dynamics of cantilever beams. First, a modeling method referred to as the discrete element (DE) method is employed to construct a model of a cracked beam. The DE model is able to characterize the breathing phenomenon of cracks. Next, a simulation technique referred to as the hybrid symbolic-numeric computational (HSNC) method is used to analyze the nonlinear response of the cracked beam. The HSNC method provides an efficient way to evaluate both stationary and nonstationary dynamics of cracked systems since it combines efficient linear techniques with an optimization tool to capture the system’s nonlinear response. The proposed computational platform thus enables efficient multiparametric analysis of cracked structures. The effects of crack location, crack depth, and excitation frequency on the cantilever beam are parametrically investigated using the proposed method. Nonlinear features such as subharmonic resonance, nonstationary motion, multistability, and frequency shift are also discussed in this paper.
Randomised clinical trial: the use of alginates during preinvestigation proton pump inhibitor wash-out and their impact on compliance and symptom burden
Authors: Vales Andres , Coyle Cathal , Plehhova Kate , Hobson Anthony , Woodland Philip 
Published: January 2023

Background/aimsInvestigation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is usually performed off proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This can exacerbate symptoms, potentially impacting investigation accuracy if patients circumvent the preinvestigation instructions. There are no standard recommendations on how to manage PPI withdrawal. We aimed to assess the impact of structured alginate use on symptom burden.MethodsParticipants were already established on ≥4 weeks of PPI therapy and being referred for manometry and 24-hour pH/impedance testing. Preinvestigation instructions involved stopping PPIs and H2 receptor antagonists for 1 week, but antacids and alginates were allowed until the night before. Participants were randomised to follow these standard instructions (control group), or the same instructions with the provision of Gaviscon Advance to be taken four times daily (treatment group). The primary outcome assessed change in Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Score.Key resultsData for 48 patients were available for primary outcome assessment. While patients in the control group had a significant increase in symptoms (median difference 6.5, 95% CI (1 to 7), p=0.04), no change occurred in the treatment arm (median difference -1.5, 95% CI (-2, 3.5), p=0.54). There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionsStructured alginate use prevents symptom exacerbation during preinvestigation PPI wash-out. These findings are limited to the 1-week wash-out period but can benefit thousands of patients undergoing investigation for gastro-oesophageal reflux each year. Further research is required to assess this effect in other settings, such as sustained PPI deprescription. The trial was funded by Reckitt Benckiser.Trial registration numberEudraCT registration 2019-004561-41
Experience of the United Arab Emirates in the use of monoclonal antibody drug sotrovimab in high-risk vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with COVID-19: an observational cohort study
Authors: Abdalateef Sumaya , Al Meheiri Noor Majed , Nassef Mohamed , Shorrab Ahmed A. , Hashimi Obaid Al Rahman , Allam Samah , Alnaqbi Mariam Saif , Al-Rifai Rami H. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesMonoclonal antibodies can slow COVID-19 progression. This study describes the experience of using sotrovimab in patients with COVID-19 at high risk for disease progression and hospitalisation within the United Arab Emirates (UAE).DesignObservational cohort study.SettingA tertiary hospital in the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE.ParticipantsPatients with mild or moderate COVID-19 at high risk for disease progression.InterventionsInfusion with a single 500 mg dose of the monoclonal antibody drug sotrovimab.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAny adverse effect within 24 hours, disease progression within 5 days, emergency department visit within 10 days, hospital admission within 10 days or mortality within 28 days of infusion.Results3227 high-risk COVID-19 patients were infused with sotrovimab during the mild (n=3107, 96.3%) or moderate (n=120, 3.7%) disease stages. The incidence of at least one outcome was recorded in 196 (6.1%) of the patients (60.7 per 1000 patients). The most common outcome was disease progression within 5 days of infusion in 129 patients (4.0%), followed by emergency department visits by 90 patients (2.8%) within 10 days. Twenty-nine (0.9%) patients were hospitalised within 10 days of infusion with only two deaths (0.1%). Patients infused with sotrovimab during the moderate disease stage had 11 times greater odds of developing at least one outcome compared with patients infused during the mild stage (adjusted OR, aOR 10.86, 95% CI 7.14 to 16.54). SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated (aOR 12.8, 95% CI 7.3 to 20.5) and unvaccinated (aOR 7.2, 95% CI 3.4 to 15.3) patients infused with sotrovimab during the moderate disease stage had similar odds of at least one outcome compared with patients infused during the mild stage.ConclusionsAmong high-risk sotrovimab-infused COVID-19 patients, there were relatively low incidences of disease progression and hospitalisation. Regardless of vaccination history, monoclonal antibody intervention during the early stages of COVID-19 results in better outcomes.
Previous injury, sex and well-being are associated with injury profiles in 422 adolescent elite athletes of age 15–16 years: a 20-week longitudinal study
Authors: Fridén Cecilia , Ekenros Linda , von Rosen Philip 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAdolescent elite athletes have a high injury risk and many risk factors for injury have been suggested. However, there is a lack of prospective studies in adolescent elite athletes of age 15–16 years.AimThe aim of the study was to prospectively explore risk factors associated with different injury prevalence profiles in adolescent elite athletes.MethodsSubstantial injury was monitored in adolescent elite athletes (n=422) using the validated Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire over 20 weeks. Athletes were categorised in tertiles based on injury prevalence.ResultsThe median substantial injury prevalence for all athletes was 10% (IQR 0%–20%). Compared with the ‘no injury’ group, previous injury (p<0.001, OR 3.91) and well-being (p<0.001, OR 0.93) were associated with the ‘high injury’ group, and previous injury (p=0.006, OR 1.96) and being a female athlete (p=0.002, OR 2.08) with the ‘low injury’ group. A female athlete with a previous injury and low perceived well-being (25th percentile) had a 48% risk (95% CI 36% to 59%) of belonging to the ‘high injury’ group, compared with 7% (95% CI 4% to 12%) for a male athlete with no previous injury and high well-being (75th percentile).ConclusionMedical personnel should be aware of the high injury risk and risk factors for injury in adolescent elite athletes, and closely monitor the rehabilitation post-injury as a previous injury is such a strong risk factor for a new injury.
Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis in patients presenting with cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias
Authors: Hatipoglu Suzan , Gardezi Syed K M , Azzu Alessia , Baksi John , Alpendurada Francisco , Izgi Cemil , Khattar Raj , Kouranos Vasileios , Wells Athol Umfrey , Sharma Rakesh , Wechalekar Kshama , Pennell Dudley J , Mohiaddin Raad 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) may present with cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias. There are limited data on this subgroup of patients with CS. Advanced imaging including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) are used for diagnosis. This study aimed to describe advanced imaging patterns suggestive of CS among patients presenting with cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias.MethodsAn imaging database of a CS referral centre (Royal Brompton Hospital, London) was screened for patients presenting with cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias and having imaging features of suspected CS. Patients diagnosed with definite or probable/possible CS were included.ResultsStudy population included 60 patients (median age 49 years) with male predominance (76.7%). The left ventricle was usually non-dilated with mildly reduced ejection fraction (53.4±14.8%). CMR studies showed extensive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with 5 (4–8) myocardial segments per patient affected; the right ventricular (RV) side of the septum (28/45) and basal anteroseptum (28/45) were most frequently involved. Myocardial inflammation by FDG-PET was detected in 45 out of 58 patients vs 11 out of 33 patients with oedema imaging available on CMR. When PET was treated as reference to detect myocardial inflammation, CMR oedema imaging was 33.3% sensitive and 77% specific.ConclusionsIn patients with CS presenting with cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias, LGE was located in areas where the cardiac conduction system travels (basal anteroseptal wall and RV side of the septum). While CMR was the imaging technique that raised possibility of cardiac scarring, oedema imaging had low sensitivity to detect myocardial inflammation compared with FDG-PET.
New prognostic model in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with second-line immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Bamias Aristotelis , Merseburger Axel , Loriot Yohann , James Nicholas , Choy Ernest , Castellano Daniel , Lopez-Rios F , Calabrò Fabio , Kramer Mario , de Velasco Guillermo , Zakopoulou Roubini , Tzannis Kimon , Sternberg Cora N 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundBellmunt Risk Score, based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), hemoglobin levels and presence of liver metastases, is the most established prognostic algorithm for patients with advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) progressing after platinum-based chemotherapy. Nevertheless, existing algorithms may not be sufficient following the introduction of immunotherapy. Our aim was to develop an improved prognostic model in patients receiving second-line atezolizumab for aUC.MethodsPatients with aUC progressing after cisplatin/carboplatin-based chemotherapy and enrolled in the prospective, single-arm, phase IIIb SAUL study were included in this analysis. Patients were treated with 3-weekly atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenously. The development and internal validation of a prognostic model for overall survival (OS) was performed using Cox regression analyses, bootstrapping methods and calibration.ResultsIn 936 patients, ECOG PS, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, liver metastases, bone metastases and time from last chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors. In a 4-tier model, median OS for patients with 0–1, 2, 3–4 and 5–7 risk factors was 18.6, 10.4, 4.8 and 2.1 months, respectively. Compared with Bellmunt Risk Score, this model provided enhanced prognostic separation, with a c-index of 0.725 vs 0.685 and increment in c-statistic of 0.04 (p<0.001). Inclusion of PD-L1 expression did not improve the model.ConclusionsWe developed and internally validated a prognostic model for patients with aUC receiving postplatinum immunotherapy. This model represents an improvement over the Bellmunt algorithm and could aid selection of patients with aUC for second-line immunotherapy.Trial registration numberNCT02928406.
Predicting symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in anterior circulation stroke patients with contrast enhancement after thrombectomy: the CAGA score
Authors: Chang Guo-Can , Nguyen Thanh N , Qiu Jing , Li Wei , Zhao Yong-Gang , Sun Xian-Hui , Liu Xin , Zhao Zi-Ai , Liu Liang , Abdalkader Mohamad , Chen Hui-Sheng 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to establish a reliable scoring tool to identify the probability of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in anterior circulation stroke patients with contrast enhancement (CE) on brain non-contrast CT (NCCT) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who had CE on NCCT immediately after EVT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO). We used the Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) scoring system to estimate the extent and location of CE. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to derive an sICH predictive score. The discrimination and calibration of this score were assessed using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.ResultsIn this study, 194 of 322 (60.25%) anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients had CE on NCCT. After excluding 85 patients, 109 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. In multivariate regression analysis, age ≥70 years (adjusted OR (aOR) 9.23, 95% CI 2.43 to 34.97, P＜0.05), atrial fibrillation (AF) (aOR 4.17, 95% CI 1.33 to 13.12, P＜0.05), serum glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L (aOR 9.39, 95% CI 2.74 to 32.14, P＜0.05), CE-ASPECTS ＜5 (aOR 3.95, 95% CI 1.30 to 12.04 P＜0.05), and CE at the internal capsule (aOR 3.45, 95% CI 1.03 to 11.59, P＜0.05) and M1 region (aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.13 to 11.80, P＜0.05) were associated with sICH. These variables were incorporated as the CE-age-glucose-AF (CAGA) score. The CAGA score demonstrated good discrimination and calibration in this cohort, as well as the fivefold cross validation.ConclusionThe CAGA score reliably predicted sICH in patients with CE on NCCT after EVT treatment.
Double stent-retriever as the first-line approach in mechanical thrombectomy: a randomized in vitro evaluation
Authors: Li Jiahui , Tiberi Riccardo , Canals Pere , Vargas Daniel , Castaño Oscar , Molina Marc , Tomasello Alejandro , Ribo Marc 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundA repeated number of passes during mechanical thrombectomy leads to worse clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Initial experiences with the simultaneous double stent-retriever (double-SR) technique as the first-line treatment showed promising safety and efficacy results.ObjectiveTo characterize the potential benefits of using the double-SR as first-line technique as compared with the traditional single-SR approach.MethodsThree types of clot analogs (soft, moderately stiff, and stiff) were used to create terminal internal carotid artery (T-ICA=44) and middle cerebral artery (MCA=88) occlusions in an in vitro neurovascular model. Sixty-six cases were randomized into each treatment arm: single-SR or double-SR, in combination with a 0.071" distal aspiration catheter. A total of 132 in vitro thrombectomies were performed. Primary endpoints were the rate of first-pass recanalization (%FPR) and procedural-related distal emboli.ResultsFPR was achieved in 42% of the cases. Overall, double-SR achieved a significantly higher %FPR than single-SR (52% vs 33%, P=0.035). Both techniques showed similar %FPR in T-ICA occlusions (single vs double: 23% vs 27%, P=0.728). Double-SR significantly outperformed single-SR in MCA occlusions (63% vs 38%, P=0.019), most notably in saddle occlusions (64% vs 14%, P=0.011), although no significant differences were found in single-branch occlusions (64% vs 50%, P=0.275). Double-SR reduced the maximal size of the clot fragments migrating distally (Feret diameter=1.08±0.65 mm vs 2.05±1.14 mm, P=0.038).ConclusionsThis randomized in vitro evaluation demonstrates that the front-line double-SR technique is more effective than single-SR in achieving FPR when treating MCA bifurcation occlusions that present saddle thrombus.
Phenomenological studies on neutral B-meson decays into $$J/\psi f_1$$ and $$\eta _c f_1$$
Authors: Yao De-Hua , Liu Xin , Zou Zhi-Tian , Li Ying , Xiao Zhen-Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe axial-vector mesons $$f_1(1285)$$

f
1

(
1285
)

and $$f_1(1420)$$

f
1

(
1420
)

are particularly viewed as the mixtures of flavor states $$f_n$$

f
n

and $$f_s$$

f
s

with mixing angle $$\varphi $$
φ
. In order to determine this angle, we study the $$B_{d,s}^0\rightarrow J/\psi f_1(1285,1420)$$

B

d
,
s

0

→
J
/
ψ

f
1

(
1285
,
1420
)

and $$B_{d,s}^0\rightarrow \eta _c f_1(1285,1420)$$

B

d
,
s

0

→

η
c

f
1

(
1285
,
1420
)

decays in perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, including the effects of vertex corrections, nonfactorizable diagrams and penguin operators. Not only the branching fractions, but also the direct CP asymmetries and the polarization fractions are calculated. It is found that the branching fractions of these decays are large enough to be measured in the running LHCb and Belle-II experiments. Moreover, in comparison with the observed $${\mathcal {B}}(B_{d,s}^0 \rightarrow J/\psi f_1(1285))$$

B
(

B

d
,
s

0

→
J
/
ψ

f
1

(
1285
)

)

, $$B_s^0 \rightarrow (J/\psi , \eta _c) f_1(1420)$$

B
s
0

→

(
J
/
ψ
,

η
c

)

f
1

(
1420
)

decays have large branching fractions, which could be measured promisingly through $$f_1(1420) \rightarrow K_S^0 K^\pm \pi ^\mp $$

f
1

(
1420
)

→

K
S
0

K
±

π
∓

in experiments. We also propose several ratios that could be used to further constrain the absolute value of the mixing angle $$\varphi $$
φ
, but its sign cannot be determined yet in these decays. The direct CP asymmetries of these decays indicate the penguin pollution in the $$B_d^0 \rightarrow (J/\psi , \eta _c) f_1$$

B
d
0

→

(
J
/
ψ
,

η
c

)

f
1

decays cannot be neglected. We acknowledge that there are large theoretical uncertainties arising from the distribution amplitudes of axial-vector mesons and charmonium states, and more precise nonperturbative parameters are called. The comparisons between our results and future experimental data would help us to understand the nature of $$f_1$$

f
1

states and to test the PQCD approach.
Axion-like dark matter detection using Stern–Gerlach interferometer
Authors: Hajebrahimi Milad , Manshouri Hassan , Sharifian Mohammad , Zarei Moslem 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum sensors based on the superposition of neutral atoms are promising for sensing the nature of dark matter (DM). In this study, we utilize the Stern–Gerlach (SG) interferometer configuration to seek a novel method for the detection of axion-like particles (ALPs). Using an SG interferometer, we create a spatial quantum superposition of neutral atoms such as $$^{3}$$

3

He and $$^{87}$$

87

Rb. It is shown that the interaction of ALPs with this superposition induces a relative phase between superposed quantum components. We use the quantum Boltzmann equation (QBE) to introduce a first-principles analysis that describes the temporal evolution of the sensing system. The QBE approach employs quantum field theory (QFT) to highlight the role of the quantum nature of the interactions with the quantum systems. The resulting exclusion area demonstrates that our scheme allows for the exclusion of a range of ALP mass in the range $$10^{-10}\le m_{a}\le 10^{2}\,\textrm{eV}$$

10

-
10

≤

m
a

≤

10
2

eV

and ALP-atom coupling constant in the range $$10^{-13}\le g_{ae}\le 10^{0}$$

10

-
13

≤

g

ae

≤

10
0

.
Challenges to Using Big Data in Cancer
Authors: Sweeney Shawn M. , Hamadeh Hisham K. , Abrams Natalie , Adam Stacey J. , Brenner Sara , Connors Dana E. , Davis Gerard J. , Fiore Louis , Gawel Susan H. , Grossman Robert L. , Hanlon Sean E. , Hsu Karl , Kelloff Gary J. , Kirsch Ilan R. , Louv Bill , McGraw Deven , Meng Frank , Milgram Daniel , Miller Robert S. , Morgan Emily , Mukundan Lata , O'Brien Thomas , Robbins Paul , Rubin Eric H. , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Salmi Liz , Schaller Teilo , Shi George , Sigman Caroline C. , Srivastava Sudhir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBig data in healthcare can enable unprecedented understanding of diseases and their treatment, particularly in oncology. These data may include electronic health records, medical imaging, genomic sequencing, payor records, and data from pharmaceutical research, wearables, and medical devices. The ability to combine datasets and use data across many analyses is critical to the successful use of big data and is a concern for those who generate and use the data. Interoperability and data quality continue to be major challenges when working with different healthcare datasets. Mapping terminology across datasets, missing and incorrect data, and varying data structures make combining data an onerous and largely manual undertaking. Data privacy is another concern addressed by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the Common Rule, and the General Data Protection Regulation. The use of big data is now included in the planning and activities of the FDA and the European Medicines Agency. The willingness of organizations to share data in a precompetitive fashion, agreements on data quality standards, and institution of universal and practical tenets on data privacy will be crucial to fully realizing the potential for big data in medicine.
Elucidating Analytic Bias Due to Informative Cohort Entry in Cancer Clinico-genomic Datasets
Authors: Kehl Kenneth L. , Uno Hajime , Gusev Alexander , Groha Stefan , Brown Samantha , Lavery Jessica A. , Schrag Deborah , Panageas Katherine S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Oncologists often order genomic testing to inform treatment for worsening cancer. The resulting correlation between genomic testing timing and prognosis, or “informative entry,” can bias observational clinico-genomic research. The efficacy of existing approaches to this problem in clinico-genomic cohorts is poorly understood.Methods:We simulated clinico-genomic cohorts followed from an index date to death. Subgroups in each cohort who underwent genomic testing before death were “observed.” We varied data generation parameters under four scenarios: (i) independent testing and survival times; (ii) correlated testing and survival times for all patients; (iii) correlated testing and survival times for a subset of patients; and (iv) testing and mortality exclusively following progression events. We examined the behavior of conditional Kendall tau (Tc) statistics, Cox entry time coefficients, and biases in overall survival (OS) estimation and biomarker inference across scenarios.Results:Scenario #1 yielded null Tc and Cox entry time coefficients and unbiased OS inference. Scenario #2 yielded positive Tc, negative Cox entry time coefficients, underestimated OS, and biomarker associations biased toward the null. Scenario #3 yielded negative Tc, positive Cox entry time coefficients, and underestimated OS, but biomarker estimates were less biased. Scenario #4 yielded null Tc and Cox entry time coefficients, underestimated OS, and biased biomarker estimates. Transformation and copula modeling did not provide unbiased results.Conclusions:Approaches to informative clinico-genomic cohort entry, including Tc and Cox entry time statistics, are sensitive to heterogeneity in genotyping and survival time distributions.Impact:Novel methods are needed for unbiased inference using observational clinico-genomic data.