bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Insomnia, Stress Events, and Other Psychosocial Factors and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Postmenopausal Women: Insights From the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Zhao Susan X. , Tindle Hilary A. , Larson Joseph C. , Woods Nancy F. , Crawford Michael H. , Hoover Valerie , Salmoirago‐Blotcher Elena , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Perez Marco V. 
Published: August 2023

Background
The association between psychosocial factors and atrial fibrillation (AF) is poorly understood.

Methods and Results

Postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative were retrospectively analyzed to identify incident AF in relation to a panel of validated psychosocial exposure variables, as assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and hierarchical cluster analysis. Among the 83 736 women included, the average age was 63.9±7.0 years. Over an average of 10.5±6.2 years follow‐up, there were 23 954 cases of incident AF. Hierarchical cluster analysis generated 2 clusters of highly correlated psychosocial variables: the Stress Cluster included stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and insomnia, and the Strain Cluster included optimism, social support, social strain, cynical hostility, and emotional expressiveness. Incident AF was associated with higher values in the Stress Cluster (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07 per unit cluster score [95% CI, 1.05–1.09]) and the Strain Cluster (HR, 1.03 per unit cluster score [95% CI, 1.00–1.05]). Of the 8 individual psychosocial predictors that were tested, insomnia (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.03–1.06]) and stressful life events (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.04]) were most strongly associated with increased incidence of AF in Cox regression analysis after multivariate adjustment. Subgroup analyses showed that the Strain Cluster was more strongly associated with incident AF in those with lower traditional AF risks (
P
for interaction=0.02) as determined by the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology for atrial fibrillation score.

Conclusions
Among postmenopausal women, 2 clusters of psychosocial stressors were found to be significantly associated with incident AF. Further research is needed to validate these associations.
Complications and Outcomes of Impella Treatment in Cardiogenic Shock Patients With and Without Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Saito Yuichi , Tateishi Kazuya , Toda Koichi , Matsumiya Goro , Kobayashi Yoshio ,   for the J‐PVAD registry study investigators
Published: August 2023

Background
In patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause, and a percutaneous microaxial ventricular assist device (Impella, Abiomed, Danvers, MA) is a choice for temporary mechanical circulatory support. However, data are limited on complications and outcomes of Impella treatment in patients with CS with and without AMI.

Methods and Results

Using nationwide prospective registry data in Japan, we included a total of 2047 patients with CS in whom the Impella devices were successfully placed between February 2020 and December 2021. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the primary indication for the Impella use: AMI versus non‐AMI. The primary end point was a composite of in‐hospital all‐cause death and major complications. Of the 2047 patients, the Impella was indicated for AMI in 1337 (65.3%). In the group without AMI, myocarditis was the leading cause of CS. Patients with AMI‐CS were older and more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors than those with non‐AMI‐CS. The rates of in‐hospital mortality (46.0% versus 43.9%,
P
=0.38) and major complications (35.2% versus 34.7%,
P
=0.85) were similar between the 2 groups. Overall, multivariable analysis identified older age, higher body mass index, previous transient ischemic attack or stroke, out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, and the Impella 5.0 as factors significantly associated with the primary end point.

Conclusions
The use of Impella in patients with and without AMI was related to similar clinical outcomes with high mortality and complication rates. Further studies are needed to identify patients who may benefit from the Impella devices in CS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/english
. Identifier: UMIN000033603.
Law and Torture: Contemporary Legal Scholarship on Torture, from the Doctrinal to the Critical
Authors: Cakal Ergün 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Legal scholars have historically studied and shaped attitudes and approaches to torture – in its infliction, identification, and inhibition. The role of law in the contemporary anti-torture movement has been no less important – with the law, its logics and lawyers positing and animating the prevailing international anti-torture framework. This article reviews the contemporary ‘law and torture’ scholarship published in the last forty years in the English language – examining and charting its assumptions, preponderances, and orientations. In so doing, the article situates the cares and concerns of scholars (and their texts) along a doctrinal-critical continuum. The article aims to illustrate areas in which research is advanced and others which remain understudied – concluding with several connections and directions for future research.
Three-Dimensional Variational Multi-Doppler Wind Retrieval over Complex Terrain
Authors: Cha Ting-Yu , Bell Michael M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The interaction of airflow with complex terrain has the potential to significantly amplify extreme precipitation events and modify the structure and intensity of precipitating cloud systems. However, understanding and forecasting such events is challenging, in part due to the scarcity of direct in situ measurements. Doppler radar can provide the capability to monitor extreme rainfall events over land, but our understanding of airflow modulated by orographic interactions remains limited. The SAMURAI software is a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) technique that uses the finite element approach to retrieve kinematic and thermodynamic fields. The analysis has high fidelity to observations when retrieving flows over a flat surface, but the capability of imposing topography as a boundary constraint is not previously implemented. Here, we implement the immersed boundary method (IBM) as pseudo-observations at their native coordinates in SAMURAI to represent the topographic forcing and surface impermeability. In this technique, neither data interpolation onto a Cartesian grid nor explicit physical constraint integration during the cost function minimization is needed. Furthermore, the physical constraints are treated as pseudo-observations, offering the flexibility to adjust the strength of the boundary condition. A series of observing simulation sensitivity experiments (OSSEs) using a full-physics model and radar emulator simulating rainfall from Typhoon Chanthu (2021) over Taiwan are conducted to evaluate the retrieval accuracy and parameter settings. The OSSE results show that the strength of the IBM constraints can impact the overall wind retrievals. Analysis from real radar observations further demonstrates that the improved retrieval technique can advance scientific analyses for the underlying dynamics of orographic precipitation using radar observations.
Internalized stigma and self-stigma in people diagnosed with a mental disorder. One concept or two? A scoping review
Authors: Fernández Dany , Grandón Pamela , López-Angulo Yaranay , Vladimir-Vielma Alexis , Peñate Wenceslao , Díaz-Pérez Gabriela 
Published: August 2023

Background: In the literature on stigma, authors often use self-stigma or internalized stigma interchangeably to refer to this type of stigma. This results in a lack of conceptual clarity with negative repercussions for measurement and intervention. Aims: To identify how internalized stigma and self-stigma are conceptualized in people diagnosed with a mental disorder and establish similarities and differences between both concepts. Method: A scoping review was conducted. Thirty-five studies that conceptualized internalized stigma or self-stigma were selected. Results: It was identified that the concepts are defined from nine components, and there are more conceptualizations that have points in common than those that consider some component of their own. To gain conceptual clarity, the use of the term internalized stigma is recommended, being a process made up of stages: acceptance of stereotypes and prejudices by people with mental disorders and their subsequent internalization. The latter leads to negative consequences for those affected, which can be understood as the personal impact of this process, which has a crucial socio-cultural component. Lines of research are proposed to provide solidity to studies on this type of stigma. Conclusions: The term internalized stigma should be used when referring to the type of stigma that includes acceptance, internalization and personal impact for the subjects of the stigma. In contrast, self-stigma should be reserved to refer to stigma that is directed toward the ‘self’ and includes subtypes of stigma.
The effect of vortioxetine on anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Greš Alen , Šagud Marina , Dickov Aleksandra 
Published: August 2023

Objective Anhedonia is a common symptom of depression, but is also a negative symptom of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vortioxetine on anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 120 patients with schizophrenia in remission who met inclusion criteria were randomized 1:1 by the envelope method into intervention and control groups. All participants in both groups were divided into three subgroups based on the antipsychotic therapy they were receiving (olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole). Vortioxetine was administered to those in the intervention group at a fixed dose of 10 mg per day. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Chapman Scale for Social and Physical Anhedonia (CSPA) were administered. The study lasted 12 weeks. Participants were assessed twice: At baseline and at the end of the study. Six participants dropped out, with 114 completing the trial. Findings Vortioxetine treatment had a significant effect on level of physical anhedonia. The treatment interaction was also statistically significant, but with a relatively small effect (F = 3.17, P < .05; η2 = .061). Vortioxetine treatment had a particularly strong effect on the level of social anhedonia. The interaction between the treatment and the type of antipsychotics was also statistically significant with a small effect (F = 5.04, P < 0. 01; η2 = .091). Conclusion The combination of olanzapine and vortioxetine was found to be the best option to reduce symptoms of social and physical anhedonia in these patients with remitted schizophrenia.
Comparison of cyanoacrylate closure and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small saphenous veins
Authors: Arslanturk Oguz , Gumus Fatih 
Published: August 2023

Background The objective of this study was to compare the early and mid-term results of radiofrequency ablation and cyanoacrylate ablation used in the treatment of small saphenous insufficiency. Methods A total of 84 patients with isolated small saphenous vein insufficiency who underwent either cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) (Group 1, n = 40) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (Group 2, n = 44) were analyzed retrospectively. Results The occlusion rate of target vessel was 95% in Group 1 and 93.1% in Group 2 patients, respectively, at 1-year follow-up without any significant difference. Sural nerve injury was observed in 3 (6.8%) patients in Group 2 due to the thermal damage of the RFA device. Conclusions While both techniques can be used with satisfactory and safe results in 1-year follow-up period, cyanoacrylate ablation may have a better safety profile compared to radiofrequency ablation due to lower complication rates in terms of paresthesia and sural nerve damage with similar occlusion rates.
Characteristics of goal-setting tools in adult rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Okita Yuho , Kawaguchi Yuko , Inoue Yuki , Ohno Kanta , Sawada Tatsunori , Levack William , Tomori Kounosuke 
Published: August 2023

Objectives This scoping review aims to map the literature on goal-setting tools in adult rehabilitation, exploring their characteristics, target users and supporting evidence to inform practice and future research in this area. Methods We completed a comprehensive search of four databases to identify relevant articles on tools for goal setting in rehabilitation. We followed Arkey and O’Malley's scoping review process to guide article selection, data extraction and data analysis. Results We identified a total of 165 studies that reported on 55 different goal-setting tools, including tools for goal selection and goal documentation ( n = 31), goal setting and intervention planning ( n = 15), and for measuring the quality of the goal-setting process ( n = 9). Over half of the tools were primarily designed for use in rehabilitation of physical disabilities ( n = 32). Some tools fell under multiple sub-categories based on their characteristics as follows: 22 framework tools, 12 interview tools, 9 outcome measurement tools for goal achievement, 6 outcome measurement tools for goal quality and 25 documentation tools. The majority of goal-setting instruments targeted goals at the level of activity and participation ( n = 51) and aimed to facilitate a client-centred or shared decision-making approach to rehabilitation planning ( n = 46). Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive overview of existing goal-setting tools, highlighting their characteristics, target users and identified needs. These findings can enhance practitioners’ awareness of the range of goal-setting tools available and can enable more effective utilization of these tools in clinical practice. Further research should investigate how clinicians can combine multiple tools to deliver goal setting.
Efficacy and safety of Hyadex for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux: a multicenter experience
Authors: Oguz Fatih , Yildiz Turan , Gecit Ilhan , Gungor Hasan , Ciftci Halil , Aksoy Yılmaz , Yagmur Ismail 
Published: August 2023

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dextranomer/cross-linked hyaluronic acid (Hyadex) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Methods In this cross-sectional multicenter observational study, Hyadex was used in four different centers for the endoscopic treatment of VUR from 2020 to 2022. The study involved 74 patients (93 renal units) who were diagnosed with VUR according to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) findings and were considered suitable for subureteric endoscopic treatment. The follow-up time (control VCUG time) was 3 months. Results In the VCUG evaluation, grade I VUR was found in 13 renal units, grade II in 23 renal units, grade III in 42 renal units, and grade IV in 12 renal units. The success rates of Hyadex treatment according to the degree of VUR were as follows: 84.6% for grade I, 82.6% for grade II, 71.4% for grade III, and 66.0% for grade IV. No major complications were observed. Conclusion Endoscopic subureteric Hyadex injection had high success rates in appropriately selected patients with VUR and may be used as the first-line treatment for children with VUR.
A Heterodox Approach to Masstige: Brand Fetishism, Corporate Pricing, and Rules of Consumer Choice
Authors: Lah Marko , Sušjan Andrej 
Published: August 2023

Masstige, or luxury for the masses, is a phenomenon that requires a heterodox economic approach based on Original Institutional Economics view of corporate power combined with Marxian concept of brand fetishism and post-Keynesian theories of pricing and consumer choice. The attitude toward luxury in classical works on political economy is briefly outlined. By applying the post-Keynesian theory of oligopolistic pricing, we show how the power of luxury brands enables high profits of luxury conglomerates. We use the post-Keynesian theory of consumer choice to differentiate between various types of masstige buyers. JEL Classification: B52, D11, D21, D43
Ukraine War: Policy Miscalculations or Contradictions of Capitalism?
Authors: Davis Ann E. 
Published: August 2023

There are competing narratives regarding the causes of the war in Ukraine. One focuses on the provocation by the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, while others emphasize Russian aggression. The approach implemented below is to focus on the long-term contradictions of capitalism, including the formation of Communist states themselves in Russia in 1917 and China in 1949. The subsequent relation between capitalist industrial powers and the leading Communist powers has been an important factor in the post-World War II expansion of capitalism and its conflicts. The role of key ideological frameworks, such as the definition of money, is also a factor emphasized in this analysis. Such a wider lens may enable us to judge more accurately the potential for another “Great Transformation” or a Zeitenwende. JEL Classification: B51, E58, F33, N20
Continuous Lactation Support Provided Through the WhatsApp Messaging Application: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sevda Korkut Öksüz , Sevil İnal 
Published: August 2023

Background: Although WhatsApp can be used to provide continuous lactation support, there are few studies on this subject. Research Aims: To determine the influence of lactation support provided through WhatsApp on the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, initiation of complementary feeding, breastfeeding problems, breastfeeding difficulties score, and the use of bottles and pacifiers. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of education and support provided through the cell phone based WhatsApp application. There were 129 primiparous participants recruited while attending a Baby-Friendly Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Participants were randomized to intervention ( n = 64) and control ( n = 65) groups. All participants received the same routine postpartum breastfeeding education in the hospital, and the intervention group received additional continuous breastfeeding education for 6 months. For both groups, data was collected by telephone interview on Days 7 and 15, and Months 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. T-tests were used to assess inter-group differences in duration of exclusivity of breastfeeding. Mixed-model ANOVA was used to compare breastfeeding difficulties scores. Chi-square tests were used to compare breastfeeding problems, feeding practices, and the proportion of the use of bottles and pacifiers. Results: The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding for groups receiving breastfeeding support was higher (4.75, SD = 1.72) than that of the control group (2.21, SD = 1.98; p = 0.001). The change in the mean breastfeeding difficulties severity score between the initial and final measurements (17.03, SD = 8.66) was more in the intervention group than the control group (11.42, SD = 10.34, F = 4.081, p = 0.001). The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in the 6th month was higher in the intervention group (62.5%) than in the control group (10.8%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The use of cellphone applications are accessible to both patients and health workers and offer a low-cost alternative for providing uninterrupted breastfeeding support.
Investigation of thermal and mechanical properties of new nitrogen-rich organic based heat stabilizers for poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Khaleghi Mahroo 
Published: August 2023

Urea cyanurate, as a new nitrogen-rich organic-based heat stabilizer, for the enhancement to thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is prepared via the simple precipitation method, in this study. Characterization, thermal and mechanical properties of the stabilized PVC were examined by means of fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, discoloration test, congo red test and the weight-loss method, thermal aging test, and tensile analysis. Results showed that the thermal stability of PVC is improved after the addition of urea cyanurate in PVC formulation and weight loss related to HCl releasing in the normal PVC processing temperature (180°C) is less than 1%. Enhancement of the thermal properties and stability time of the PVC lead to decreased degradation tendency. Oven-aging test result showed that the color change during degradation process of PVC samples improved by adding the urea cyanurate. The tensile strength of stabilized samples were about 42%, higher as compared to the pure PVC. The optimum and best results for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of PVC were obtained by incorporating the 3 wt % of the urea cyanurate.
Digital libraries in crisis: The case of the national emergency library
Authors: Kjellström Zakayo 
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the National Emergency Library (NEL) created by the Internet Archive (IA) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The NEL allowed unrestricted access to the IA’s collection of digitized books, suspending the waitlist imposed by the Controlled Digital Lending system. The study uses Carol Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented to be (WPR) approach to analyze problem representations in media narratives and understand the response to the NEL. The study covers articles written between March 2020 and 2 years after, using a threepronged reading consisting of a distant, middle, and close reading. The analysis reveals that the IA and NEL are not necessarily consistent with piracy or shadow libraries, but that they differ in complexity and compliance with copyright law. The paper contributes to a critical understanding of how problem representations are constructed and shaped in media narratives, and how this affects digital libraries in times of crisis, and subsequently, policy discourse for all libraries. Overall, the paper highlights the complexities and nuances surrounding the NEL and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the implications of this response for digital libraries and copyright law.
The protective effects of topiramate and spirulina against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Elmorsi Radwa M , El Saadany Amira A , Kabel Ahmed M , Abou El-Seoud Samia H 
Published: August 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug that can cause significant cardiotoxicity, limiting its clinical application. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of topiramate (TPM) and spirulina (SP), either alone or in combination, in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including a normal control group and groups receiving DOX alone, DOX with TPM, DOX with SP, or DOX with a combination of TPM and SP. Cardiotoxicity was induced by administering DOX intraperitoneally at a cumulative dose of 16 mg/kg over 4 weeks. TPM and/or SP administration started 1 week before DOX treatment and continued for 35 days. Body weight, serum markers of cardiac damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on cardiac tissues. Results showed that TPM and SP monotherapy led to significant improvements in serum levels of cardiac markers, decreased oxidative stress, reduced fibrosis-related growth factor levels, increased antioxidant levels, and improved histopathological features. SP demonstrated more prominent effects in comparison to TPM, and the combination of TPM and SP exhibited even more pronounced effects. In conclusion, TPM and SP, either alone or in combination, hold promise as therapeutic interventions for mitigating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.