bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features, Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes of NUT Carcioma in China
Authors: Wu Xiaoxiao , Shen Na , Xue Liyan , Bian Zhimin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
NUT carcinoma is a rare, poorly differentiated tumor typically driven by a t(15;19) rearrangement leading to a NUT gene rearrangement event. This uniformly fatal tumor has promoted targeted therapy, yet the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with NUT carcinoma and the efficacy of all treatment have not been systematically summarized. In order to better understanding the disease characteristic and treatments, correlate them with outcome, we have here compiled findings pertaining to a large population of such patients.
Methods
A clinical database from all know cases of NUT carcinoma was established. Pathologic, demographic, and survival data of 33 patients were analyzed by questionnaires, the largest cohort studied of NMC patients to data in China.
Results
Primary tumors sites included nasal cavity (n = 6), maxillary sinus (n = 5),tonsil (n = 1), thyroid (n = 1), lung (n = 16), mediastinum (n = 1), submandibular(n = 1), vulva(n = 1), external auditory canal༈n = 1༉. The patient age ranged from 2 to 69 years with the male/female ratio of 1.3/1,11 of them died, the media overall survival for those patients was 5.5 months. Multivariate analysis proved that the primary site NUT carcinoma was not related to the prognosis, alternative application of different chemotherapy regimen or combination of immunotherapy on the basis of chemotherapy can effectively control the tumor, and combination of radiotherapy on the basis of chemotherapy can benefit the survival of patients, which is the icing on the cake. Radical surgery can help keep the tumor in a stable state and even delay the recurrence of the tumor. Radical surgery combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy can benefit the survival of patients. Notably, NUT progresses quickly when therapy is terminated. Unfortunately, radiotherapy alone does not significantly improve outcome in China.
Conclusion
Breaking the traditional understanding that NUT carcinoma tends to occur in the midline, and not all originate from squamous cell carcinoma. The finding that conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been not sensitively. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy or early surgical might improve overall survival.
Unraveling Cervical Cancer Screening Dilemmas: Histopathological Insights from VIA and LEEP at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza
Authors: Kaizilege Godfrey , Ndaboine Edgar , Chuma Clotilda , Mujuni Fridolin , Kiritta Richard , Matovelo Dismas , Ottoman Oscar , Elias Edrick , Masalu Nestory , Kidenya Benson R. , Mazigo Humphrey D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
The single-visit strategy, also known as the see-and-treat approach, is widely used to screen for cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries. The VIA approach leads to unnecessary or inadequate treatment. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the histopathological patterns of aceto-white lesions on visual inspection with acetic acid in patients who underwent a Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) at Bugando Medical Centre between January 2016 and December 2020.
Method: A 5-year retrospective cohort case record review was conducted on 329 women who had LEEP at Bugando Medical Centre following a positive VIA cervical screening test. A standard data abstraction form was used to collect patient information. For statistical analysis, STATA version 15 was used; in descriptive statistics, frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used. The Chi2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the relationship between patient characteristics and histopathological patterns, and a P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant in multinomial models.
Results: This study looked at 329 patients who had LEEP following a VIA positive but were not eligible for cryotherapy. Our study participants had a mean age of 40 + 8.2 SD. There were 203 (61.7%) patients with benign lesions, including 4 patients with schistosomiasis and 2 patients with cervical tuberculosis. The precancerous lesions were discovered in 100 cases (30.4%), and 26 (7.9%) already had invasive cervical cancer. Out of 100 patients with precancerous lesions, 58 (17.6%) and 42 (12.8%) have high- and low-grade squamous intraepithelial (HSIL and LSIL) lesions, respectively. The presence of a precancerous lesion was found to be associated with age 31–40 years (p-value 0.004) and HIV positivity (p-value 0.042).
Conclusion
The majority of patients in this study had benign cervical lesions, which do not require LEEP treatment. Nonetheless, a considerable percentage of invasive cervical malignancies and rare benign diseases such as schistosomiasis and cervical tuberculosis were identified. Patients with an aceto-white lesion on the VIA test in well-equipped tertiary hospitals such as Bugando Medical Centre should consider a colposcopic guided biopsy as an alternative to straight LEEP.
Visual Function Loss in Fungal Sphenoid Sinusitis: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Chen Fei , Shao Yonghui , Huang Qian , Chen Yue , Yang Bentao , Jiang Libin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Potentially fatal fungal sphenoid sinusitis (FSS) causes visual damage. However, few studies have reported on its visual impairment and prognosis. Five hundred and eleven FSS patients with visual disturbance treated at Beijing Tongren Hospital were recruited and clinical features and visual outcomes were determined. Thirty-two of the 511 patients (6%) had visual disturbance, with 13 and 19 patients having invasive and noninvasive FSS, respectively. Twenty patients (62.5%) had immunosuppression, of whom 18(56.25%) had diabetes. All patients had visual impairment, which was more severe in invasive FSS than that in noninvasive FSS. Bony wall defects and sclerosis were observed in 19 patients (59.38%), and 11 patients (34.38%) had microcalcification in their sphenoid sinusitis on computed tomography (CT). After a 5-year follow-up period, three patients (9.38%) died. Patients with noninvasive FSS had a higher improvement rate in visual acuity than their counterparts. In the multivariate analysis, sphenoid sinus wall sclerosis on CT was associated with better visual prognosis. FSS could cause vision loss with persistent headaches in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with diabetes. CT showed the sphenoid sinus wall sclerosis, indicating a better visual prognosis in FSS with visual disturbance.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict peristomal dermatitis for patients who underwent ileostomy
Authors: Luo Rui , Kuang Yingyi , Hu Yiming , He Dandan , Yao Qiuqiong , Zhao Jie , Chen Guiting , Li Rongjie , Qin Rongchang , Ye Xinmei , Li Min 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence of ostomy procedures in China is on the rise, with an estimated annual count of around 100,000. Peristomal dermatitis, a prevalent and consequential complication, manifests as inflammation and discomfort surrounding the stoma. This condition significantly impacts surgical recuperation, overall well-being, and may give rise to psychological and physical complications. Timely intervention is imperative, necessitating the identification of risk factors and the development of predictive models.
Objectives
We aimed to establish a predictive nomogram specifically for peristomal dermatitis after ileostomy.
Methods
This study analyzed 459 ileostomy patients to identify the risk factors for peristomal dermatitis. A predictive nomogram was constructed based on these factors using a training cohort, which was then validated in an independent validation cohort. The performance of the nomogram was assessed through ROC curves and calibration curves, while its clinical utility was evaluated through decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results
Six parameters were determined as the risk factors of peristomal dermatitis. Considering the residence may not be universally applicable, we further excluded residence to build the prediction model without reducing discrimination ability. Eventually, diabetes, ileostomy positioning, stoma care lecture, sex, and depressed skin at the stoma were selected for nomogram construction. The calibration curve demonstrated excellent calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-fit (GOF) test, P = 0.976), and the nomogram achieved an AUC of 0.672 in the training cohort. The decision curve analysis showed potential clinical utility. These results were consistent with the testing cohort.
Conclusion
Our study developed a nomogram based on four parameters that demonstrated excellent discriminating and calibration for predicting peristomal dermatitis. These findings suggest the potential clinical application of the nomogram.
Evaluating Hepatitis C cascade of care surveillance system in Tuscany, Italy, through a population retrospective data-linkage study, 2015-2021
Authors: Ceccarelli Luca , Moretti Giaele , Mazzilli Sara , Petri Davide , Corazza Ilaria , Rizzo Caterina , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Vainieri Milena , Seghieri Chiara , Tavoschi Lara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Worldwide, an estimated 57,8 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), of which 3.9 million are in the European Union/Economic European Area (EU/EEA). The advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) has led to the target of eliminating HCV by 2030. In Tuscany (Italy), a triennial action plan was launched in 2018 aimed at increasing treatment coverage and contributing to the elimination of HCV in the three million population. This retrospective population study assesses the progress towards the HCV elimination goals from 2015 to 2021, through administrative healthcare records data linkage. 337,839 individuals were screened for HCV at least once by the regional health services in Tuscany, while the number of new diagnoses remained almost constant in the study period. A total of 12,980 patients started DAA treatment, increasing rapidly since 2015 and peaking at 3,610 in 2018, well below the regional target of 6xxx/year set for the period 2018–2020. COVID-19 pandemic, among other factors, slowed progress since 2020. Administrative healthcare records were useful to monitor HCV elimination progress in the absence of a dedicated surveillance system, however important data gaps remain. The national HCV elimination strategy and the corresponding regional plan were successful in streamlining specialized services for accessing DAA treatment in Tuscany. However, screening activities require strengthening to scale-up case identification and early diagnosis in the region.
A new 21-Gene Expression Assay Recurrence Score in Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Lymph Node-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Najafi Safa , Rahim Fakher , Motevaseli Elahe , aziminezhadan Parisa , Fathi Nahid Karimian , hosseininasab Alaviyehsadat , Monfaredan Amir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This aimed to validate 21 Oncotype DX gene in a retrospective trial involving women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)–negative, axillary node-negative breast cancer with tumors measuring 1.1 to 5.0 cm in their largest dimension. The ROC curve for each gene, showed the sensitivity of BAG1 and KI67 ranged between 96.08 and 99.46 percent. Survivin and BAG1 had gene specificities ranging from 95.6–100%. The detection threshold ranged from 26.64 to 31.12 copies for MYBL2 and BAC1, respectively; while ranged from 24.25 to 33.83 copies for RPLP0 and ERBB2, respectively. This retrospective research of uniformly treated patients with hormone–receptor–positive, HER2-negative, and axillary node–negative breast cancer demonstrates the clinical validity of the 21-gene assay.
Harnessing AI for Economic Forecasting: Navigating Rentier Economies Towards Diversification and Sustainable Growth - A Case Study of Iraq
Authors: Salah Mohammed , Khissaf Alaa Ghazi , Abdelfattah Fadi , Alhalbusi Hussam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Venturing into the crossroads of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and economic development, this study employs AI models for economic forecasting within the context of Iraq, a quintessential rentier state. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of rentier state theory and diversification strategies, it harnesses OpenAI's advanced language models, ChatGPT and googles AI Bard, to generate an array of potential economic trajectories. The results provide an insightful probe into the impacts of global oil market trends, the socio-economic implications of public dissatisfaction under economic instability, and the potential benefits of economic diversification. The study investigates the unique challenges facing Iraq, a country rich in oil resources but wrestling with economic stagnation and socio-political instability. The AI models are utilized to generate and dissect potential future scenarios for Iraq's economy, elucidating the critical issues related to its heavy dependence on oil, the sustainability of its bloated public sector, and the ramifications of these factors on socio-economic stability. The analysis underlines the urgent need for robust economic diversification and provides strategic policy recommendations to steer Iraq towards a more resilient and sustainable economic future. This study illuminates the pathway towards economic diversification in Iraq by seamlessly integrating AI models with traditional research methodologies. It demonstrates the potential of AI as an essential tool in economic forecasting and policy planning within economic development studies.
Detection and classification of electronic music signals using multiple models
Authors: Wang Chunjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper briefly introduces the process of detecting and classifying electronic music signals, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, and the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier. Additionally, the CNN classifier was optimized by incorporating particle swarm optimization (PSO). The study then conducted simulation experiments to compare the performance of SVM, back-propagation neural network (BPNN), and the improved CNN. The noise immunity of the three algorithms was also tested. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the improved CNN algorithm outperformed the SVM and BPNN algorithms in recognizing music signals, regardless of the presence or absence of noise interference. Furthermore, the improved CNN algorithm exhibited the best noise immunity, followed by the BPNN and SVM algorithms. The interference of noise increased the time consumption of the detection and classification algorithm, and the detection of the improved CNN algorithm took the least time among these classifiers in the face of the same music signal.
Utilizing Hydrothermally Carbonized Food Waste-Derived Activated Hydrochar for the Elimination of Carbamazepine and Naproxen
Authors: Saqib Najam Ul , Naqvi Muhammad , Li Bing , Munir Muhammad Tajammal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chemical products (CPs), such as carbamazepine and naproxen, present in aquatic environments pose a considerable risk to both aquatic life and human health. This study aimed to explore the potential of employing hydrothermally carbonized food waste-derived hydrochar (AC-HTC-250) as an adsorbent to eliminate these CPs from water. The research specifically examined the influence of hydrothermal carbonization temperature on hydrochar properties and the ramifications of chemical activation using phosphoric acid on the hydrochar's adsorption capacity for carbamazepine and naproxen. Additionally, the activated and non-activated hydrochars' physiochemical and surface characteristics were scrutinized in depth. The investigation demonstrated that the hydrothermal carbonization process contributed to an increase in hydrochar surface area from 1.47 to 7.52 m2/g, which was subsequently amplified to 32.81 m2/g through phosphoric acid activation. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that AC-HTC-250 hydrochar exhibited high efficiency in removing carbamazepine and naproxen, with adsorption capacities of 49.09 mg/kg and 14.34 mg/kg, respectively. The study also revealed that the adsorption data corresponded well with the Langmuir model and pseudo first-order models. The solution's pH exerted a strong influence on carbamazepine and naproxen adsorption, with the optimal pH for both compounds determined to be 4. These findings hold potential for applying hydrothermally carbonized and chemically activated food waste-derived hydrochar as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment processes.
“Easy women get it”: Pre-existing stigma associated with HPV and cervical cancer in a low-resource setting prior to implementation of an HPV screen-and-treat program
Authors: Morse Rachel M. , Brown Joanna , Gage Julia C. , Prieto Bryn A. , Jurczuk Magdalena , Matos Andrea , Vásquez Javier Vásquez , Reátegui Reyles Ríos , Meza-Sanchez Graciela , Córdova Luis Antonio Díaz , Gravitt Patti E. , Tracy J. Kathleen , Paz‑Soldan Valerie A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is preventable with vaccination and early detection and treatment programs. However, in order for these programs to work as intended, stigma related to HPV and cervical cancer must be understood and addressed. We explored pre-existing stigma associated with HPV and cervical cancer in the public healthcare system of a low-resource setting prior to implementation of an HPV screen-and-treat program.
Methods
This study conducted thematic analysis of data collected during implementation of a novel HPV screen-and-treat system for cervical cancer early detection and treatment in Iquitos, Peru. We included 35 semi-structured interviews (19 health professionals, 16 women with cervical precancer or cancer), eight focus groups (70 community women), one workshop (14 health professionals), 210 counseling observations (with 20 nurse-midwives), and a document review. We used the Socio-Ecological Model to organize the analysis.
Results
We identified three main themes: 1. the implication that women are to blame for their HPV infection through characterizations of being easy or promiscuous, 2. the implication that men are to blame for women’s HPV infections through being considered careless or unfaithful, 3. HPV is shameful, embarrassing, and something that should be hidden from others. Consequently, in some cases, women refrained from getting screened for HPV. These themes were seen at the individual level among women, relationship level among women, men, and family members, community level among healthcare staff, and societal level within components of cervical cancer guidelines and male chauvinism.
Conclusions
Cervical cancer early detection and treatment programs in limited resource settings must address stigma entrenched throughout the entire healthcare system in order to sustainably and successfully implement and scale-up new programs. Interventions to tackle this stigma can incorporate messages about HPV infections and latency to lessen the focus on the influence of sexual behavior on HPV acquisition, and instead, promote screening and treatment as paramount preventative measures.
High-strength and crack-free welding of unweldable aluminium alloys via novel Zr-core-Al-shell wires
Authors: Geng Shaoning , Jin Jun , Shu Leshi , Jiang Ping , Shao Xinyu , Han Chu , Ren Liangyuan , Li Yuantai , Yang Lu , Wang Xiangqi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Modern society places a high value on lightweight materials to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The 2000 series aluminium alloys are qualified for widespread use in lightweight structures, but cracking during fusion welding has been a long-standing issue. Here, we created a novel zirconium (Zr)-core-aluminium (Al)-shell wire (ZCASW) for the first time and used it with laser beam oscillation to control solidification during welding and safely welded AA2024 without hot cracks. We carefully selected Zr wires with an ideal lattice to match Al based on crystallographic information and embedded them inside Al wires with chemical components similar to those of the parent material. Crack-free, equiaxed (where the length, width and height of the grains are roughly equal), fine-grained microstructures were acquired, thereby considerably increasing the tensile strength over that of conventional hybrid joints, and even comparable to that of friction stir welds. This rather simple modification of the ﬁller material of a fusion weld could be generally applied to a wide range of materials that are susceptible to hot cracking, such as nonwelded nickel superalloys and intermetallic compounds. Thus, ZCASW provides a foundation for broad industrial applications because it meets the demands for efficiency in automated welding, as would be the case for most conventional welding wires. Furthermore, this technology could be used in metal-based additive manufacturing, a potentially disruptive technology, in which solidification cracking and hot tearing are common issues.
The structure-customized assembly of gangliosides derivatives via modular chemo-enzymatic cascade strategy reveal biological activities and identify drug ingredients
Authors: Yang Guangyu , Jin Xuefeng , Cheng Hanchao , Chen Xiaohui , Cao Xuefeng , Xiao Cong , Ding Fengling , Qu Huirong , Wang Peng George , Feng Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gangliosides play vital biological regulatory roles and are associated with neurological system diseases, malignancies, and immune deficiencies. They have received extensive attention in developing targeted drugs and diagnostic markers. However, it is difficult to obtain enough structurally defined gangliosides and derivatives especially at an industrial-relevant scale, which prevent exploring structure-activity relationships and identifying drug ingredients. Here, we report a highly modular chemo-enzymatic cascade assembly (MOCECA) strategy for customized and large-scale synthesis of ganglioside derivatives with various glycan and ceramide epitopes. We represently access several gangliosides with therapeutic promising and systematically prepared primary GM1 derivatives with diverse ceramides found in human brain. Through further process amplification, we achieved industrial production of ganglioside GM1 in the form of modular assembly at hectogram scale. Using MOCECA-synthesized GM1 derivatives, we found unique ceramide modifications on GM1 could enhance the ability to promote neurite outgrowth and cell viability. By comparing the structures with synthetic derivatives, we further resolved the contradicting descriptions of GM1 components in different pharmaceutical documents by reinterpreting the exact two-component structures of commercialized GM1 drugs. Because of its applicability and stability, the MOCECA strategy can be extended to prepare other glycosphingolipid structures, which may pave the way for developing new glycolipid drugs.