bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐stakeholder participation for successful implementation of applied research projects in Africa
Authors: Mganga Kevin Z. , Kaindi Eric , Bosma Luwieke , Amollo Kevin O. , Munyoki Bobsammy , Kioko Theophilus , Kadenyi Nancy , Musyoki Gilbert K. , Wambua Stephen M. , Ndathi Aphaxard J. N. , van Steenbergen Frank , Musimba Nashon K. R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Rainwater harvesting from Roads For Indigenous Pasture production and improved rural livelihoods in Kitui, Kenya (ROFIP) is an applied research project. It assessed the potential of combining multiple sustainable land management practices, for example native grass reseeding, rainwater harvesting from roads and in situ microcatchments to enhance vegetation cover in a semi‐arid dryland in Kenya.

Rural earth roads were used as a catchment. Runoff generated from rainfall events was diverted into reseeded pastures with trenches established at intervals, across a slope. The ROFIP project also integrated microcatchments created using ox‐driven ploughs, a traditional practice for seedbed preparation and harnessing in situ rainwater harvesting in African drylands.

Combining the diversion of runoff from roads and harvesting rainwater in situ improves and prolongs soil moisture availability in reseeded pastures. Consequently, this translated to higher biomass yields (i.e. forage for livestock) and vegetation cover (land degradation mitigation and enhanced soil health). This project clearly showed that combining rainwater harvesting and native pasture reseeding improves water retention and soil health, thus improving sustainable pasture production.

However, for this to be achieved, it is prudent to involve practitioners to co‐design practical solutions that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. Multi‐stakeholder engagement, effective knowledge sharing, and community involvement can be major enablers in the pursuit of environmental and socioeconomic relevant benefits in applied research projects in Africa. This approach enhances a sense of shared purpose among practitioners and empowers them to become points of reference to their peers.
Wrapping up Metal–Organic Framework Crystals with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lerma‐Berlanga Belén , M. Padial Natalia , Galbiati Marta , Brotons‐Alcázar Isaac , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo , Forment‐Aliaga Alicia , Ganivet Carolina R. , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presence of tetrazine units in the organic nodes of UiO‐68‐TZCD controls the formation of ultrathin coatings of single‐wall nanotubes that decorate the surface of the crystal. These crystal hybrids can be prepared straightforwardly in one step and are extraordinarily respectful with the properties of the framework for combination of mesoporosity and surface areas ≈4.000 m2 g−1, with excellent stability in water, and conductivities at room temperature of 4 × 10−2 S cm−1 even at very low carbon weight contents (2.3 wt.%).
Sublingual Dissolving Microneedle (SLDMN)‐Based Vaccine for Inducing Mucosal Immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kim Youseong , Park In Ho , Shin Jiwoo , Choi Jaibyung , Jeon Chansol , Jeon Seonghun , Shin Jeon‐Soo , Jung Hyungil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the development of next‐generation vaccination technology to combat future pandemic outbreaks. Mucosal vaccination effectively protects the mucosal surfaces, the primary sites of viral entry, by inducing the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and humoral IgG. Here, a dissolving microneedle (DMN) is adopted as a mucosal vaccine delivery platform to directly penetrate the sublingual site, which is rich in antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and lymphoid tissues. The sublingual dissolving microneedle (SLDMN) vaccination platform comprised a micropillar‐based compartment and a 3D‐printed SLDMN applicator as a substitute for the DMN patch. The penetration efficacy of SLDMNs is assessed using in vitro optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo histological analysis. The efficacy of SLDMN is also evaluated in a vaccine form using the recombinant spike (S1) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Furthermore, SLDMN is used to challenge transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptors. Its effects are evaluated on antibody production, survival rate, and inflammation attenuation after infection compared to the intramuscular (IM) injections. Overall, SLDMN effectively induced mucosal immunity via IgA secretion, attenuated lung inflammation, and lowered the levels of cytokines and chemokines, which may prevent the “cytokine storm” after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
NbTe4 Phase‐Change Material: Breaking the Phase‐Change Temperature Balance in 2D Van der Waals Transition‐Metal Binary Chalcogenide
Authors: Shuang Yi , Chen Qian , Kim Mihyeon , Wang Yinli , Saito Yuta , Hatayama Shogo , Fons Paul , Ando Daisuke , Kubo Momoji , Sutou Yuji 
Published: June 2023

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) transition metal di‐chalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention in the nonvolatile memory field for their tunable electrical properties, scalability, and potential for phase engineering. However, their complex switching mechanism and complicated fabrication methods pose challenges for mass production. Sputtering is a promising technique for large‐area 2D vdW TMD fabrication, but the high melting point (typically Tm > 1000 °C) of TMDs requires elevated temperatures for good crystallinity. This study focuses on the low‐Tm 2D vdW TM tetra‐chalcogenides and identifies NbTe4 as a promising candidate with an ultra‐low Tm of around 447 °C (onset temperature). As‐grown NbTe4 forms an amorphous phase upon deposition that can be crystallized by annealing at temperatures above 272 °C. The simultaneous presence of a low Tm and a high crystallization temperature Tc can resolve important issues facing current phase‐change memory compounds, such as high Reset energies and poor thermal stability of the amorphous phase. Therefore, NbTe4 holds great promise as a potential solution to these issues.
Promises of Plasmonic Antenna‐Reactor Systems in Gas‐Phase CO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Tang Rui , Li Chaoran , An Xingda , He Le 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSunlight‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction provides intriguing opportunities for addressing the energy and environmental crises faced by humans. The rational combination of plasmonic antennas and active transition metal‐based catalysts, known as “antenna‐reactor” (AR) nanostructures, allows the simultaneous optimization of optical and catalytic performances of photocatalysts, and thus holds great promise for CO2 photocatalysis. Such design combines the favorable absorption, radiative, and photochemical properties of the plasmonic components with the great catalytic potentials and conductivities of the reactor components. In this review, recent developments of photocatalysts based on plasmonic AR systems for various gas‐phase CO2 reduction reactions with emphasis on the electronic structure of plasmonic and catalytic metals, plasmon‐driven catalytic pathways, and the role of AR complex in photocatalytic processes are summarized. Perspectives in terms of challenges and future research in this area are also highlighted.
Mechanical Intelligent Energy Harvesting: From Methodology to Applications
Authors: Zhao Lin‐Chuan , Zou Hong‐Xiang , Wei Ke‐Xiang , Zhou Sheng‐Xi , Meng Guang , Zhang Wen‐Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) connects everything with intelligence, while the increase in energy consumption generated by numerous electronic devices puts forward an impending demand on the power supply. Energy harvesting technology has emerged as a compelling innovation technology for the net zero emissions of the power supply for the AIoT. Although significant advances have been witnessed in energy harvesting, some issues such as poor electrical output, weak environmental adaptability, and low reliability are difficult to satisfactorily resolve. Mechanical intelligent energy harvesting can be defined as the system identifying the external excitation or its own state and reacting to it, rather than relying on electrical sensing elements or a central controller for certain adaptive or programmed functions. The adaptive and programmed functions exhibit great potential in solving the above‐mentioned issues that seriously restrict the development of the energy harvesting technology. Here, a generalized definition of mechanical intelligent energy harvesting is given critically and the design methodology is elaborated. The typical reported energy harvesting systems with the characteristics of mechanical intelligence are reviewed. The key research directions in mechanical intelligent energy harvesting are discussed. The mechanical intelligence is expected to revolutionize the development of the energy‐harvesting technology and pave the way for applications.
Fit‐Fat Index is better associated with heart rate variability compared to fitness and fatness alone as indicators of cardiometabolic human health
Authors: Navarro‐Lomas Ginés , Plaza‐Florido Abel , De‐la‐O Alejandro , Castillo Manuel J. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesCardiorespiratory fitness and fatness indicators have been related to heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The Fit‐Fat Index (FFI) is a single index combining cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness indicators. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have previously analyzed whether FFI are related to cardiac autonomic nervous system activity assessed through HRV parameters. This study aimed (i) to examine the association of cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness indicators, and FFI with HRV parameters; and (ii) to report what of the different fatness indicators included in FFI is better associated with HRV parameters in sedentary adults.MethodsOne hundred and fifty healthy adults (74 women; 76 men), aged between 18 and 65 years old, participated in this cross‐sectional study. We measured cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) and fatness indicators (waist‐to‐height ratio [WHR], fat mass percentage [FM%] and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]). Three FFIs were calculated as the quotient between cardiorespiratory fitness and one out of three possible fatness indicators: Fit‐Fat Index calculated waist‐to‐height ratio (FFIWHR), Fit‐Fat Index calculated with FM% (FFIFM%), and Fit‐Fat Index calculated with VAT (FFIVAT). HRV parameters were measured in resting conditions using a Polar RS800CX.ResultsFFIWTHR, FFIFM% and FFIVAT were related to different HRV parameters (β ranges between −0.507 and 0.529; R2 ranges between 0.096 and 0.275; all p < .001) and the association was stronger with HRV parameters than the isolated fitness or fatness indicators (β ranges between −0.483 and 0.518; R2 ranges between 0.071 and 0.263; all p < .001). FFIVAT was the index more consistently associated with HRV parameters (β ranges between −0.507 and 0.529; R2 ranges between 0.235 and 0.275; all p < .001).ConclusionOur study suggests that compound FFIs are better predictors of HRV parameters than either cardiorespiratory fitness or fatness indicators alone. The FFIVAT was the best index in terms of its association to HRV.
Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains
Authors: Brickley Megan B. , Morgan Brianne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesIdentifying scurvy and rickets has important implications for understanding adaptations and variability among past communities, and bioarchaeologists now regularly evaluate these conditions. Due to the increased number of studies, cases with less clear‐cut lesions and variable preservation are now frequently reported. Despite an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms for disease expression, there is a lack of consensus on the language used to express diagnostic certainty, limiting comparability. This article aims to address these issues and provide recommendations on more consistent diagnostic terminology using widely accepted diagnostic methodology based on biological mechanisms.Materials and MethodsWe review diagnostic terms used in bioarchaeology by considering published cases of rickets, scurvy and co‐occurrence alongside M.B.B.'s past project notes. We also consider differences in the diagnosis of rickets and scurvy in living and archeological individuals.ResultsWe provide recommendations on a framework that can be used to show diagnostic certainty in cases of rickets, scurvy, and co‐occurrence. Core lesions of rickets and scurvy are used alongside a limited lexicon of diagnostic terminology based on the Istanbul protocol.DiscussionIt is not the number of lesions that determines whether an individual is assigned to a particular diagnosis category, but rather the range and expression of lesions present. Avoiding a “tick‐list” approach to core lesions of these diseases will be critical to ensure that identifying rickets and scurvy continues to contribute to understanding adaptations and variability among past communities. The framework allows more consistency in diagnostic certainty, facilitating greater comparability in research.
An Extracellular miRNA‐Responsive Artificial Receptor via Dynamic DNA Nano‐assembly for Biomarker‐Driven Therapy
Authors: He Fang , Wang Meixia , Wang Jieyu , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases. However, there is currently a lack of molecular strategies that can effectively use disease‐associated extracellular miRNAs as input signals to drive therapeutic functions. Herein, we present a modular and programmable miRNA‐responsive chimeric DNA receptor (miRNA‐CDR) capable of biomarker‐driven therapy. By grafting a miRNA‐responsive DNA nanodevice on a natural membrane receptor via aptamer anchoring, miRNA‐CDR can sense extracellular miRNA levels and autonomously induce dimerization‐mediated receptor activation via the complementary‐mediated strand displacement reaction‐induced dynamic DNA assembly. The sequence programmability of miRNA‐CDR allows it to sense and respond to a user‐defined miRNA with tunable sensitivity. Moreover, the miRNA‐CDR is versatile and customizable to reprogram desirable signaling output via adapting a designated receptor, such as MET and FGFR1. Using a mouse model of drug‐induced acute liver injury (DILI), we demonstrate the functionality of a designer miRNA‐CDR in rewiring the recognition of the DILI‐elevated miR‐122 to promote MET signaling of hepatocytes for biomarker‐driven in situ repair and liver function restoration. Our synthetic miRNA‐CDR platform provides a novel molecular device enabling biomarker‐driven therapeutic cellular response, potentially paving the way for improving the precision of cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
Perovskite Films Regulation via Hydrogen‐Bonded Polymer Network for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yumeng , Guo Xing , Lin Zhenhua , Wang Qingrui , Su Jie , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue , Yang Keke , Chang Jingjing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as a promising photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and low cost. However, their long‐term stability, mechanical durability, and environmental risks are still unable to meet practical needs. To overcome these issues, we designed a multifunctional elastomer with abundant hydrogen bonds and carbonyl groups. The chemical bonding between polymer and perovskite could increase the growth activation energy of perovskite film and promote the preferential growth of high‐quality perovskite film. Owing to the low defect density and gradient energy‐level alignment, the corresponding device exhibited a champion efficiency of 23.10 %. Furthermore, due to the formation of the hydrogen‐bonded polymer network in the perovskite film, the target devices demonstrated excellent air stability and enhanced flexibility for the flexible PSCs. More importantly, the polymer network could coordinate with Pb2+ ions, immobilizing lead atoms to reduce their release into the environment. This strategy paves the way for the industrialization of high‐performance flexible PSCs.
Direkte Regioselektive Dehydrierung von α‐Substituierten Cyclischen Ketonen
Authors: Schwengers Sebastian Armin , Gerosa Gabriela Guillermina , Amatov Tynchtyk , Yasukawa Naoki , Brunen Sebastian , Leutzsch Markus , Mitschke Benjamin , Shevchenko Grigory André , List Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWir berichten über eine hochregioselektive, katalytische einstufige Dehydrierung von α‐substituierten cyclischen Ketonen in Gegenwart von 2,3‐Dichlorbenzo‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzochinon (DDQ). Die exzellente Regioselektivität beruht auf einer Phosphorsäure‐katalysierten Enolisierung, die selektiv das thermodynamisch bevorzugte Enol liefert. Die anschließende Oxidation ermöglicht einen zuverlässigen Zugang zu mehreren α‐Aryl‐ und α‐Alkyl‐substituierten α,β‐ungesättigten Ketonen.
14.31 % Power Conversion Efficiency of Sn‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Efficient Reduction of Sn4+
Authors: Wang Liang , Miao Qingqing , Wang Dandan , Chen Mengmeng , Bi Huan , Liu Jiaqi , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Kapil Gaurav , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Kitamura Takeshi , Ma Tingli , Zhang Zheng , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe photoelectric properties of nontoxic Sn‐based perovskite make it a promising alternative to toxic Pb‐based perovskite. It has superior photovoltaic performance in comparison to other Pb‐free counterparts. The facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ presents a notable obstacle in the advancement of perovskite solar cells that utilize Sn, as it adversely affects their stability and performance. The study revealed the presence of a Sn4+ concentration on both the upper and lower surfaces of the perovskite layer. This discovery led to the adoption of a bi‐interface optimization approach. A thin layer of Sn metal was inserted at the two surfaces of the perovskite layer. The implementation of this intervention yielded a significant decrease in the levels of Sn4+ and trap densities. The power conversion efficiency of the device was achieved at 14.31 % through the optimization of carrier transportation. The device exhibited operational and long‐term stability.
Designs of Tandem Catalysts and Cascade Catalytic Systems for CO2 Upgrading
Authors: Zheng Wanzhen , Yang Xiaoxuan , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUpgrading CO2 into multi‐carbon (C2+) compounds through the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a practical approach to mitigate atmospheric CO2 while simultaneously producing high value chemicals. The reaction pathways for C2+ production involve multi‐step proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) and C−C coupling processes. By increasing the surface coverage of adsorbed protons (*Had) and *CO intermediates, the reaction kinetics of PCET and C−C coupling can be accelerated, thereby promoting C2+ production. However, *Had and *CO are competitively adsorbed intermediates on monocomponent catalysts, making it difficult to break the linear scaling relationship between the adsorption energies of the *Had/*CO intermediate. Recently, tandem catalysts consisting of multicomponents have been developed to improve the surface coverage of *Had or *CO by enhancing water dissociation or CO2‐to‐CO production on auxiliary sites. In this context, we provide a comprehensive overview of the design principles of tandem catalysts based on reaction pathways for C2+ products. Moreover, the development of cascade CO2RR catalytic systems that integrate CO2RR with downstream catalysis has expanded the range of potential CO2 upgrading products. Therefore, we also discuss recent advancements in cascade CO2RR catalytic systems, highlighting the challenges and perspectives in these systems.
Blending Low‐Frequency Vibrations and Push–Pull Effects Affords Superior Photoacoustic Imaging Agents
Authors: Yu Le , Abbas Abedi Syed Ali , Lee Jeongjin , Xu Yunjie , Son Subin , Chi Weijie , Li Mingle , Liu Xiaogang , Park Jae Hyung , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging (PAI), a state‐of‐the‐art noninvasive in vivo imaging technique, has been widely used in clinical disease diagnosis. However, the design of high‐performance PAI agents with three key characteristics, i.e., near‐infrared (NIR) absorption (λabs>800 nm), intense PA signals, and excellent photostability, remains a challenging goal. Herein, we present a facile but effective approach for engineering PAI agents by amplifying intramolecular low‐frequency vibrations and enhancing the push‐pull effect. As a demonstration of this blended approach, we constructed a PAI agent (BDP1‐NEt2) based on the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) scaffold. Compared with indocyanine green (ICG, an FDA‐approved organic dye widely utilized in PAI studies; λabs=788 nm), BDP1‐NEt2 exhibited a UV/Vis‐NIR spectrum peaked at 825 nm, superior in vivo PA signal intensity and outstanding stability to offer improved tumor diagnostics. We believe this work provides a promising strategy to develop the next generation of PAI agents.
Composition and physicochemical properties of corn wax
Authors: Kang Bao , Liu Yameng , Yang Ruinan , Liang Shaohua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCorn wax, as a kind of vegetable wax, is a by‐product of the corn oil industry. In this study, the corn wax was obtained from the corn oil refineries and purified by solvent defatting and bleaching. The composition and physicochemical properties of corn wax were studied to provide theoretical guidance for the production and application of corn wax. The results showed that the purity of corn wax was higher than 95%, and the corn wax ester ranged from C42 to C58, with C46, C44, and C48 being predominant. The carbon number of fatty acids was in the range of 16–30, with a higher proportion of C20, C22, and C24. The fatty alcohols varied from C20 to C32 and were dominated by C22, C24, C30, and C23. The physicochemical properties of corn wax were also determined and compared with other vegetable and animal waxes to get a more comprehensive understanding of corn wax. The results showed that the water content, iodine number, saponification number, and melting point of corn wax were 0.03 ± 0.01%, 6.77 ± 0.85 g/100 g, 74.31 ± 3.49 mg/g and 77.28 ± 7.89°C respectively. Corn wax was a green and healthy natural resource, which has great application potential in food, health care, and medicine.
Self‐healing injectable stimuli responsive polysaccharide hydrogel constructed with dynamic covalent bonds
Authors: Sun Feixue , Yao Qi , Wang Yiting , Lou Jiemin , Li Qiang , Tao Qian , Li Guiying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonds have unique properties and are competent in many biomedical fields. However, critical issues such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and stimulus responsiveness are required to be solved. It is also expected to develop a simple preparation method with mild conditions. Based on these objectives, chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA) and 2‐formylphenylboronic acid (2‐FPBA) are used to prepare the dynamic covalent bond hydrogels within minutes neither chemical medications nor severe conditions. Benefiting from the imine borate and boronic ester bonds both formed in the hydrogels, the hydrogels are stable, injectable, and of efficient self‐healing properties. The damage‐recovery process can be repeated for more than 6 cycles. The microstructure of the hydrogels recoded by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is consistent with the mechanical properties and both of them could be affected by the concentrations of SA and 2‐FPBA. Moreover, the dynamic hydrogels are responsive to pH values and oxidative environment. When the model drug 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is loaded in the dynamic hydrogels, the release profiles are sustainable and present significant differences with various stimuli. These dynamic covalent bond hydrogels have a promising prospect in tissue engineering and drug delivery.