bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring populations of Populus pruinosa Schrenk through biotechnology
Authors: Turdiyev Timur , Kovalchuk Irina , Madenova Aigul , Kuan Angsagan , Mikhailenko Natalya , Kabylbekova Balnur , Baizhumanova Saule , Yemesheva Kamila , Tuigunov Zakir , Rakhimbayev Izbassar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The most effective method to combat desertification is planting artificial forests of Populus pruinosa. In the Zhetysu and Almaty regions, samples were gathered from natural stands, which P. pruinosa and P. diversifolia likely displaced. The morphological attributes of 27 samples were related to one species, but one sample was causing doubt. PCR analyses were performed using eight microsatellite markers. The genotyping results revealed that all of the 28 samples collected were of the same type of P. pruinosa. They can effectively be introduced into in vitro culture in winter when physiological dormancy has ended. Annual lignified cuttings 6 to 7 cm long with 1 to 2 buds from selected plus trees were sterilized from saprophytic microflora by bleach NaOCl (1:1) for 10 min and 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 5 min and placed on the medium. Both male and female plants were propagated in the medium that contained ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS), 0.1 mg L-1 BAP; 0.02 mg L-1 GA; 20 g L-1 Glucose; pH 5.7, where the multiplication rate averaged 3.8 to 4.5, and the shoot length at 5.7 to 7.0 cm in 4 to 6 wk. For the transferring regenerated plants to soil in pots, the best substrate was found as peat, humus, and sand at a ratio of 50:40:10, respectively.
Life as a Design Element of Hardened Urban Shorelines
Authors: Grothues Thomas M. , Padilla Dianna K. , Kolatan Sulan , Kaunzinger Christina M. K. , Parker Philip , Handel Steven N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Armored urban shorelines have historically impoverished life on the waterfront. Materials and forms were chosen to discourage the settlement of marine communities and human access. This has weakened shoreline habitats and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and diminished urban human experiences by reducing links to nature. Augmentation of existing structures and new waterfront designs for specific ecological goals such as salmon habitat improvement are reversing these trends. With the integration of advances in ecology, social science, engineering, architecture, and regulation, urban shorelines can be designed and built to enrich human experience and natural resources through connections rather than through separation and can then be considered “living shorelines.” Such a holistic approach should extend from the subtidal to the terrestrial vegetated and built environment. As with traditional soft sediment living shorelines, life can be included from the outset and be applied as an integral design element providing many functions as well as ecosystem services and social well-being benefits. We present challenges and recommend solutions for broad incorporation of this new vision for urban shorelines. We need data on biological recruitment processes, a better understanding of human social engagement with the urban shore, and continued development of materials for strength, customizability, ecosystem compatibility, and reduced carbon footprint. Measuring and tracing impacts or contributions will be difficult. Improved assessments of investment risk and reward for urban areas are needed to fund these efforts, and regulatory adaptability is needed to allow the transformation of urban shores into living shores.
In situ alloying of AlCuSi using dual-wire-directed energy deposition with plasma
Authors: Reinbacher S. , Klein T. , Simson C. , Warchomicka F. , Spoerk-Erdely P. , Enzinger N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current research explores additive manufacturing of a multi-phase material using dual-wire plasma-directed energy deposition technology. With this approach, new materials can be designed and tested easily on the basis of commercially available consumables. In this work, AlSi5 and CuAl8 solid wire consumables are used to produce a specific AlCuSi alloy by controlling the welding parameters and the wire feed ratio. Initial experimentation results in an alloy with 85.7 at.% aluminum, 8.4 at.% copper, 2.7 at.% silicon, and 3.2 at.% magnesium, but with some instabilities during the process. The presence of magnesium in the chemical composition could be related to plasma interaction with the substrate during the welding process. After optimizing the process parameters, the chemical composition obtained is about 76.3 at.% aluminum, 19.9 at.% copper, and 3.8 at.% silicon. Using microstructural analysis via light and scanning electron microscopy, defects such as pores and inadequately melted Cu wire material are observed in all materials produced. Although the optimization of the melting process improved the microstructure, it also increased the copper content, which in turn exerts a significant influence on the mechanical properties. Mechanical testing indicates significant embrittlement. The results underscore that the microstructure is heavily influenced by the chemical composition. Microstructural changes caused by the higher copper content, i.e., in particular the increase of the volume fraction of brittle intermetallic phases such as θ-Al2Cu, result in severe embrittlement of the obtained materials, denoted by higher hardness and reduced toughness. We conclude that the use of dual-wire plasma additive manufacturing can develop new materials by in situ alloying.
Erwachsenenerziehung durch Sachbücher?
Authors: Nohl Arnd-Michael 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Angesichts der aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen ist zu fragen, ob die pädagogische Ergänzung politischer Entscheidungen sich allein auf die Bildung Erwachsener stützen kann oder ob nicht auch erzieherische Formate notwendig sind. Diese stehen allerdings unter einem Entmündigungsverdacht. Einen Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma könnten Sachbücher mit einem erzieherischen Impetus bieten. Exemplarisch werden daher Sachbücher, die ihren Leserinnen und Leser rassismuskritische Sichtweisen unterbreiten und sie z. T. zu diesen erziehen, interpretiert. Deutlich werden hier nicht nur unterschiedliche pädagogische Adressierungen der Leserinnen und Leser, die vom Bildungsangebot bis zu inszenierten Erziehungsprozessen reichen, sondern auch neue Perspektive auf die Entmündigungsproblematik.
The Effect of Boric Acid on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Embryonic and Fetal Tissues Damage Caused by Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in Pregnant Rats
Authors: Başeğmez Mehmet , Yüksel Duygu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the protective role of boric acid in a pregnant rat model of high fructose corn syrup consumption. Consumption of high fructose corn syrup has been associated with adverse health outcomes in humans and animals. Twenty-eight healthy female Wistar albino rats (250–300 g weight and 16–24 weeks old) were randomly distributed into four equal groups (n = 7): Control, Boric acid (BA), High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), HFCS + BA. Boric acid (20 mg/kg) was administered to pregnant rats via oral gavage every day during pregnancy. The prepared 30% HFCS (F30) solution (24% fructose, 28% dextrose) was added to the drinking water throughout pregnancy. At the end of pregnancy (day 19), blood, placenta, uterus, and fetuses were collected from rats. The results indicated that HFCS increases oxidative stress by increasing the level of MDA and decreasing GSH, SOD, and CAT activity in the blood of maternal. However, BA administration significantly decreased MDA levels and increased GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activity (p < 0.05). In addition, HFCS consumption significantly increased plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin levels compared to control, BA, and HFCS + BA groups (p < 0.05). However, BA administration significantly decreased plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BA (20 mg/kg) significantly decreased HFCS-induced histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in the placenta, uterus, and fetal tissue. In conclusion, BA may prevent HFCS toxicity in maternal and fetal tissues, as it regulates oxidative imbalance in pregnant rat and alleviates histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. The findings indicate a need for further studies to assess the potential of boron in preventing or mitigating the effects of HFCS during pregnancy.

Graphical Abstract
Improving the reproducibility in geoscientific papers: lessons learned from a Hackathon in climate science
Authors: Coca-Castro Alejandro , Fouilloux Anne , Barros Lourenço Ricardo , McDonald Andrew , Rao Yuhan , Hosking J. Scott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the crucial role and challenges of computational reproducibility in geosciences, drawing insights from the Climate Informatics Reproducibility Challenge (CICR) in 2023. The competition aimed at (1) identifying common hurdles to reproduce computational climate science; and (2) creating interactive reproducible publications for selected papers of the Environmental Data Science journal. Based on lessons learned from the challenge, we emphasize the significance of open research practices, mentorship, transparency guidelines, as well as the use of technologies such as executable research objects for the reproduction of geoscientific published research. We propose a supportive framework of tools and infrastructure for evaluating reproducibility in geoscientific publications, with a case study for the climate informatics community. While the recommendations focus on future CIRCs, we expect they would be beneficial for wider umbrella of reproducibility initiatives in geosciences.
Addressing the toxic chemicals problem in plastics recycling
Authors: Carney Almroth Bethanie , Carmona Eric , Chukwuone Nnaemeka , Dey Tridibesh , Slunge Daniel , Backhaus Thomas , Karlsson Therese 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ongoing policy negotiations, such as the negotiations for a future global plastics treaty, include calls for increased recycling of plastics. However, before recycling of plastics can be considered a safe practice, the flaws in today’s systems must be addressed. Plastics contain a vast range of chemicals, including monomers, polymers, processing agents, fillers, antioxidants, plasticizers, pigments, microbiocides and stabilizers. The amounts and types of chemicals in plastics products vary, and there are little requirements for transparency and reporting. Additionally, they are inherently contaminated with reaction by-products and other nonintentionally added substances (NIASs). As the chemical composition of plastics wastes is largely unknown, and many plastics chemicals are hazardous, they therefore hinder safe recycling since recyclers are not able to exclude materials that contain hazardous chemicals. To address this problem, we suggest the following policy strategies: 1) improved reporting, transparency and traceability of chemicals in plastics throughout their full life cycle; 2) chemical simplification and group-based approaches to regulating hazardous chemicals; 3) chemical monitoring, testing and quality control; 4) economic incentives that follow the waste hierarchy; and 5) support for a just transition to protect people, including waste pickers, impacted throughout the plastics life cycle.
Associations between skeletal muscle mass and elevated blood pressure are independent of body fat: a cross-sectional study in young adult women of African ancestry
Authors: Dlamini Siphiwe N. , Norris Shane A. , Micklesfield Lisa K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although research on the relationship between lean body mass and blood pressure (BP) has been inconsistent, most studies reported that measures of lean body mass are associated with a higher risk of hypertension. We explored relationships between body composition (fat and skeletal muscle mass) and BP in 1162 young adult African women. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of whole-body, central and arm fat mass were associated with higher systolic and diastolic BP, while leg fat percentage was associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP. However, only the associations with diastolic BP remained after adjusting for appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). ASM was associated with higher systolic and diastolic BP, before and after adjusting for whole-body fat percentage and visceral adipose tissue. While there was no overlap in targeted proteomics of BP and body composition, REN was lower in the elevated BP than the normal BP group and was inversely associated with diastolic BP (false rate discovery adjusted P< 0·050). Several proteins were positively associated with both visceral adipose tissue and ASM (LEP, FABP4, IL6 and GGH) and negatively associated with both visceral adipose tissue and ASM (ACAN, CELA3A, PLA2G1B and NCAM1). NOTCH3, ART3, COL1A1, DKK3, ENG, NPTXR, AMY2B and CNTN1 were associated with lower visceral adipose tissue only, and IGFBP1 was associated with lower ASM only. While the associations between body fat and BP were not independent of skeletal muscle mass, the associations between muscle mass and BP were independent of overall and central adiposity in young adult African women. Future interventions targeting muscle mass should also monitor BP in this population.
From resting potential to dynamics: advances in membrane voltage indicators and imaging techniques
Authors: Shakibi Reyhaneh , Yazdipour Fatemeh , Abadijoo Hamed , Manoochehri Navid , Rostami Pouria Farshid , Bajooli Taraneh , Simaee Hossein , Abdolmaleki Parviz , Khatibi Ali , Abdolahad Mohammad , Moosavi-Movahhedi Ali Akbar , Khayamian Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The membrane potential is a critical aspect of cellular physiology, essential for maintaining homeostasis, facilitating signal transduction, and driving various cellular processes. While the resting membrane potential (RMP) represents a key physiological parameter, membrane potential fluctuations, such as depolarization and hyperpolarization, are equally vital in understanding dynamic cellular behavior. Traditional techniques, such as microelectrodes and patch-clamp methods, offer valuable insights but are invasive and less suited for high-throughput applications. Recent advances in voltage indicators, including fast and slow dyes, and novel imaging modalities such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and photoacoustic imaging, enable noninvasive, high-resolution measurement of both RMP and membrane potential dynamics. This review explores the mechanisms, development, and applications of these tools, emphasizing their transformative potential in neuroscience and cellular electrophysiology research.
Regional Hotspots of Change in Northern High Latitudes Informed by Observations From Space
Authors: Watts Jennifer D. , Potter Stefano , Rogers Brendan M. , Virkkala Anna‐Maria , Fiske Greg , Arndt Kyle A. , Burrell Arden , Butler Kevin , Gerlt Bob , Grayson John , Shestakova Tatiana A. , Du Jinyang , Kim Youngwook , Parmentier Frans‐Jan W. , Natali Susan M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe high latitudes cover ∼20% of Earth's land surface. This region is facing many shifts in thermal, moisture and vegetation properties, driven by climate warming. Here we leverage remote sensing and climate reanalysis records to improve understanding of changes in ecosystem indicators. We applied non‐parametric trend detections and Getis‐Ord Gi* spatial hotspot assessments. We found substantial terrestrial warming trends across Siberia, portions of Greenland, Alaska, and western Canada. The same regions showed increases in vapor pressure deficit; changes in precipitation and soil moisture were variable. Vegetation greening and browning were widespread across both continents. Browning of the boreal zone was especially evident in autumn. Multivariate hotspot analysis indicated that Siberian ecoregions have experienced substantial, simultaneous, changes in thermal, moisture and vegetation status. Finally, we found that using regionally‐based trends alone, without local assessments, can yield largely incomplete views of high‐latitude change.
Global Marine Ecosystem Response to a Strong AMOC Weakening Under Low and High Future Emission Scenarios
Authors: Boot A. A. , Steenbeek J. , Coll M. , von der Heydt A. S. , Dijkstra H. A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMarine ecosystems provide essential services to the Earth System and society. These ecosystems are threatened by anthropogenic activities and climate change. Climate change increases the risk of passing tipping points; for example, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) might tip under future global warming leading to additional changes in the climate system. Here, we look at the effect of an AMOC weakening on marine ecosystems by forcing the Community Earth System Model v2 (CESM2) with low (SSP1‐2.6) and high (SSP5‐8.5) emission scenarios from 2015 to 2100. An additional freshwater flux is added in the North Atlantic to induce an extra weakening of the AMOC. In CESM2, the AMOC weakening has a large impact on phytoplankton biomass and temperature fields through various mechanisms that change the supply of nutrients to the surface ocean. We drive a marine ecosystem model, EcoOcean, with phytoplankton biomass and temperature fields from CESM2. In EcoOcean, we see negative impacts in Total System Biomass (TSB), which are larger for high trophic level organisms. On top of anthropogenic climate change, TSB decreases by −3.78 and −2.03 in SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5, respectively due to the AMOC weakening. However, regionally and for individual groups, the decrease can be as large as −30, showing that an AMOC weakening can be very detrimental for local ecosystems. These results show that marine ecosystems will be under increased threat if the AMOC weakens which might put additional stresses on socio‐economic systems that are dependent on marine biodiversity as a food and income source.
Improving Statistical Prediction of Subseasonal CONUS Precipitation Based on ENSO and the MJO by Training With Large Ensemble Climate Simulations
Authors: Zheng C. , Kim H. , LaJoie E. , He S. , Chang E. K. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted the significant impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on wintertime precipitation over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Here, we demonstrate skillful statistical prediction of subseasonal precipitation over the CONUS using the information of ENSO and the MJO. Simple statistical tools, such as multiple linear regression, exhibit significant improvement in prediction when trained with large ensemble climate simulations, surpassing those trained solely on observational data. Despite the biases in ENSO and MJO teleconnections in the climate simulations, the abundance of data, exceeding observational records by 100 times, allows more robust statistical relationships to be established, leading to such improvement. The utilization of machine learning tools yields additional gains in prediction skill beyond multiple linear regression. ENSO emerges as a dominant contributor to prediction skill, surpassing the influence of the MJO, whose impact diminishes with increasing forecast lead time.
Inhomogeneity Ratio for Nearly Field‐Aligned Electrons Interacting With Whistler‐Mode Waves
Authors: Gan Longzhi , Li Wen , Albert Jay M. , Hanzelka Miroslav , Ma Qianli , Artemyev Anton 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNonlinear interactions between electrons and whistler‐mode chorus waves play an important role in driving electron precipitation in Earth's radiation belts. In this letter, we employ the second fundamental model of the Hamiltonian approach to derive the inhomogeneity ratio, assessing nonlinear resonant interactions between nearly field‐aligned electrons and parallel propagating chorus waves. We perform test particle simulations by launching electrons from a high latitude to the equator, encountering counter‐streaming chorus waves. Our simulations reveal that anomalous scattering, encompassing anomalous trapping and positive bunching, extends the resonant location to the downstream of electrons. The comparison with test particle results demonstrates the efficacy of the inhomogeneity ratio in characterizing nonlinear interactions at small pitch angles. We emphasize the importance of applying this ratio specifically for small pitch angle electrons, as the previously provided inhomogeneity ratio significantly underestimates the impact of nonlinear interactions on electron precipitation.
Deep Learning‐Based Optical Flow in Fine‐Scale Deformation Mapping of Sea Ice Dynamics
Authors: Uusinoka Matias , Haapala Jari , Polojärvi Arttu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptical methods deployed for studying motion and deformation of objects often struggle to distinguish small displacements hidden behind observational noise. In geophysical applications, this has limited analysis to lower spatial and temporal resolutions, while reliable extraction of high‐resolution data is required for understanding material deformation and failure. In this work, we propose a novel method for determining deformation for noisy observational data using deep learning‐based optical flow. To enable higher estimate accuracy, we introduce a novel initialization technique considering contextual information. This allows an unprecedentedly high‐resolution description of motion in radar imagery. We use the proposed technique on verification cases to compare with the currently used methodologies and on ship radar observations on sea ice deformation. The outcome of our work is an open‐source end‐to‐end tool for determining full‐field Lagrangian deformation fields for data sets with small pixel displacements and high observational noise.
Higher Proportion of High‐Energy Lightning Strokes in Global High‐Altitude Areas
Authors: Yu Xinhong , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Yao Wen , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBy examining proportions of high‐energy strokes from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) between 60°S and 60°N, and high‐radiance events from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) between 38°N and 38°S, along with the average energies of WWLLN strokes and LIS events with specific thresholds, we discovered significantly higher proportions of high‐energy lightning strokes and greater average stroke energies over high‐altitude terrains, a phenomenon not previously reported. These highlands include the Tibetan Plateau, Mongolian Plateau, Iranian and Anatolian Plateaus, South African Plateau, mountain regions in western North America, and Andes Mountains. In terms of both proportion and average energy, high‐energy WWLLN strokes show a stronger correlation with highlands than high‐energy LIS events. Considering the different observation modes of WWLLN and LIS, this may suggest a stronger connection between highlands and high‐energy lightning strokes occurring beneath and in the lower parts of thunderstorms.
Autotrophic Dissolved Organic Phosphorus Uptake Stimulates Nitrogen Fixation in Subtropical Gyres
Authors: Shen Yuxin , Wang Wei‐Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) has been identified as a key phosphorus source that supports primary production and microbial nitrogen (N2) fixation. However, the specific contribution and spatial distribution of DOP utilization remain poorly understood due to limited in‐situ measurements. In this study, we explored the role of DOP in supporting N2 fixation using a modified inverse biogeochemical ocean model. Our findings reveal that DOP utilization primarily occurs in subtropical gyres, where it serves as a critical phosphorus source. Direct DOP assimilation reduces phosphorus limitation in nutrient‐depleted gyres, thereby stimulating global N2 fixation, the global distribution of which is re‐estimated. The new estimate shows a significant increase in N2 fixation rates in the North Atlantic compared to the previous estimate because DOP utilization reduces the severe phosphorus limitation in that region. Neglecting DOP utilization would result in an approximately 9% underestimation of the global N2 fixation rate.