bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogen-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Mediators of Plant-Microbe Interactions
Authors: Wang Zhangying , Zeng Jiayue , Deng Jiliang , Hou Xiangjie , Zhang Jiefu , Yan Wei , Cai Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer–enclosed nanoparticles that deliver bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules from donor to recipient cells. They have attracted significant interest recently due to their important roles in regulating plant-microbe interaction. During microbial infection, plant EVs play a prominent role in defense by delivering small regulatory RNA into pathogens, resulting in the silencing of pathogen virulence genes. Pathogens also deliver small RNAs into plant cells to silence host immunity genes. Recent evidence indicates that microbial EVs may be involved in pathogenesis and host immunity modulation by transporting RNAs and other biomolecules. However, the biogenesis and function of microbial EVs in plant-microbe interaction remain ill-defined. In this review, we discuss various aspects of microbial EVs, with a particular focus on current methods for EV isolation, composition, biogenesis, and their roles in plant-microbe interaction. We also discussed the potential role of microbial EVs in cross-kingdom RNA trafficking from pathogens to plants, as it is a highly likely possibility to explore in the future. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Rubber Tree (Heveae brasiliensis) MLO Protein HbMLO12 Promotes Plant Susceptibility to Sustain Infection by a Powdery Mildew Fungus
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhao Wenyuan , Zhang Zhongming , Fang Yuxiao , Dong Linpeng , Yin Jinyao , Liu Yuhan , Chen Daipeng , Li Zhigang , Liu Wenbo , Lin Chunhua , Miao Weiguo 
Published: December 2022

Powdery mildew severely affects several important crops and cash plants. Disruption of mildew resistance locus O ( MLO) genes elevates resistance against powdery mildew in several plants. However, whether rubber tree ( Heveae brasiliensis) MLO proteins are linked to susceptibility remains unknown, owing to technical limitations in the genetic manipulation of this woody plant. A previous study showed that the H. brasiliensis MLO-like protein HbMLO12 demonstrates high amino acid sequence similarity with the known Arabidopsis MLO protein AtMLO12. In this study, we investigated whether HbMLO12 regulates susceptibility to powdery mildew. H. brasiliensis leaves take up exogenously synthesized double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), and foliar application of dsRNA homologous to HbMLO12 gene specifically induces HbMLO12 silencing in H. brasiliensis leaf tissues. Notably, HbMLO12 silencing inhibited fungal infection and elevated the immune response during interaction with the rubber tree powdery mildew fungus. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of HbMLO12 suppressed bacterial flg22– and fungal chitin–induced immune responses and enhanced bacterial infection in Arabidopsis. Our study provides evidence that HbMLO12 contributes to susceptibility to powdery mildew. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Addressing nurses' prolonged grief due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wilson-Mooney Catherine , Smith Erin Murphy , Browne-Bradwisch Sarah A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in physical and emotional tolls on healthcare workers and caregivers, which have caused prolonged grief disorder and persistent complex bereavement disorder. Highlighting key learnings from healthcare workers' experiences during the pandemic, this article outlines self-care strategies to help nurses better prepare for future healthcare emergencies.
Yellowknife: Canada’s First Circumpolar Family Medicine Residency Site
Authors: Horvey Samantha , Babenko Oksana , Szafran Olga , D’Hont Thomsen , Heyes Kajsa , Pontin David 
Published: December 2022

Problem
Canada’s Northwest Territories (NWT), like other regions in the circumpolar north primarily inhabited by Indigenous peoples, faces challenges in recruiting and retaining physicians. Communities in this vast, diverse region depend largely on external medical professionals for health care. Consequently, these communities receive discontinuous medical care from physicians who lack local knowledge and are available only temporarily. The shortage of physicians for people residing in northern Canada requires a sustainable, long-term solution.

Approach
The authors describe establishing Canada’s first circumpolar family medicine residency training site in Yellowknife, NWT. The site was launched in 2020 as a partnership between the University of Alberta, Alberta Health Services, and 3 local health authorities in the NWT. The residency site, which bases residents in the local community, is expected to positively impact family physician recruitment and retention by allowing residents to build connections with local communities and identify as a northern physician.

Outcomes
As of fall 2022, 4 residents had trained with the Yellowknife family medicine residency site. Two of these 4 residents graduated in 2022, both of whom plan to continue practicing medicine in the NWT. Residents have positively influenced medical care in the NWT, providing care in close to 20 small and remote communities. The presence of residents decreased appointment wait-times for some teams by as much as 60%, improved primary care screening, and enabled the provision of medical services at critical times. Furthermore, their presence has fostered academic spirit in the medical communities and had a positive impact on the communities as a whole.

Next Steps
The authors provide key insights and lessons learned from the establishment of the remote residency site. To develop and improve the site, continuous program evaluation is planned.
Comparing acupoint catgut embedding and acupuncture therapies for simple obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Hui Yan , Kim Sungha , Son Mi Ju 
Published: December 2022

Background:
This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding (ACE), which is widely used in simple obese patients.

Methods:
Nine electronic databases and 2 trial registries were searched from inception to September 2021 without language limitations. All randomized controlled trials involving ACE therapies for simple obesity were included. Assessment of Cochrane’s risk of bias and meta-analysis, as well as GRADE evaluation, were also performed.

Results:
A total of 73 randomized clinical trials involving 5872 participants were included. The overall risk of bias was high or unclear. ACE showed higher efficacy in total effective rate, body mass index, and body weight than manual acupuncture. In addition, ACE is more beneficial in total effective rate than electroacupuncture (EA). Moreover, combination therapy of ACE with EA is more effective in total body mass index and body weight than EA alone.

Conclusions:
Despite some potential improvement, the evidence regarding the effectiveness and efficacy of ACE for simple obesity is inconclusive due to the poor quality of evidence. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of ACE for simple obesity.
A prognostic risk prediction model based on ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer: A bulk RNA-seq research and scRNA-seq validation
Authors: Xiang Xuebao , Guo Yi , Chen Zhongyuan , Zhang Fangxin , Huang Jiefu , Qin Yan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
To construct a prognostic risk model of bladder cancer (BC) from the perspective of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and ferroptosis, in order to guide clinical prognosis and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods:
In-hours BC samples were collected from 4 patients diagnosed with BC, who underwent radical cystectomy. Single cell transcriptome sequencing was performed and Seurat package were used for quality control and secondary analysis. LncRNAs expression profiles of BC samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. And sex, age, tumor, node, metastasis stage and other clinical data was downloaded at the same time. Ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were identified by co-expression analysis. We constructed a risk model by Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses. The predictive strength of the risk model for overall survival (OS) of patients with BC was evaluated by the log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier method. Finally, the enrichment analysis was performed and visualized.

Results:
We identified and included 15 prognostic ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (AL356740.1, FOXC2AS1, ZNF528AS1, LINC02535, PSMB8AS1, AL590428.1, AP000347.2, OCIAD1-AS1, AP001347.1, AC104986.2, AC018926.2, LINC00867, AC099518.4, USP30-AS1, and ARHGAP5-AS1), to build our ferroptosis-related lncRNAs risk model. Using this risk model, BC patients were divided into high and low-risk groups, and their respective survival lengths were calculated. The results showed that the OS of the low-risk group was significantly longer than that of the high-risk group. A nomogram was utilized to predict the survival rate of BC patients. As indicated in the nomogram, risk score was the most important indicator of OS in patients with BC. The ferroptosis-related lncRNAs risk model is an independent tool for prognostic risk assessment in patients with BC. Single cell transcriptome sequencing suggests that ferroptosis-related lncRNAs express specifically in BC tumor microenvironment. AL356740.1, LINC02535 and LINC00867 were mainly expressed in tumor cells.

Conclusion:
The risk model based on the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and the genomic clinico-pathological nomogram could be used to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with BC. The lncRNAs used to build this model might become potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Pediatric acute liver failure in Saudi Arabia: prognostic indicators, outcomes and the role of genetic testing
Authors: Alhadab Abdulhamid , AlShihabi Hadeel , Mohamed Fatema , AlDuhilib Zahra , Arain Zahid , Bader Razan 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the etiologies, outcomes, prognostic indicators and the role of genetic testing in children with acute liver failure (ALF).

Methods
This retrospective study included 46 patients with pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) according to the PALF study group definition, admitted to King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 and December 2021. Patients who survived with supportive therapy were designated as the recovery group, whereas those who died or underwent liver transplantation were designated as the death/transplant group.

Results
There were 26 (56.5%) patients in the recovery group and 20 (43.5%) patients in the death/transplant group. Four patients (8.7%) underwent liver transplantation. After indeterminate causes (45.6%), genetic-metabolic diseases and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) were the most common cause with 15.2 and 13%, respectively. Genetic testing had a high yield of (6/31) in identifying monogenic disease associated with ALF. Younger age, lower Glasgow Coma Scale and higher international normalized ratio (INR) on admission were predictors for poor prognosis. The death/transplant group had longer intensive care unit stay (P < 0.001), and on admission they had more advanced hepatic encephalopathy (P < 0.005), more prolonged prothrombin time (P < 0.001), higher lactate (P < 0.006), higher total and direct bilirubin (P < 0.008) and (P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion
Genetic, metabolic and DILI causes constituted the most common cause of PALF after indeterminate causes. The use of genetic testing can improve diagnostic rates in special cases, but we could not assess the effect of genetic testing on prognosis. The overall survival rate in our study was 65.2%. Younger age, higher admission INR and lower Glasgow coma scale were indicators of poor prognosis.
Nursing staff communication with pediatric patients and families in a pediatric transitional care unit: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Sandridge Shanda , Palokas Michelle , Odom Anna 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this project was to promote evidence-based practices regarding nursing communication with pediatric patients/families.

Introduction:
Effective communication between healthcare providers and patients/families is an essential component of patient care and plays a vital role in patient outcomes. Ineffective communication among the healthcare team and patient families has been described as a significant factor contributing to adverse events and poor health outcomes.

Methods:
The project used JBI's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tool for encouraging evidence-based practices. A baseline audit was conducted, followed by the implementation of targeted strategies. The project was completed with a follow-up audit to determine change in practice.

Results:
Three evidence-based practices were utilized as audit criteria for the project. The baseline audit on the three audit criteria revealed an average compliance of 30%. After providing communication skills training to nursing staff and education and visual aids to patients/families and nursing staff regarding the use of white boards, follow-up audits revealed an average compliance of 62%, an increase of 32%.

Conclusions:
These implementation strategies will continue to be utilized on the unit and will be implemented in other areas of the hospital to further improve communication between patients/families and their healthcare team.
The St. Vincent’s Free Congestive Heart Failure Comprehensive Care Clinic: A Community-Based Intervention and Analysis
Authors: Davis John W , Ditmars Frederick S. , Manno Gabrielle , Moran Jacob , Reisler Jenna , Davis Elizabeth , Chatila Khaled , Farr Norman M , Khalife Wissam , Thomas Robert D 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionHeart Failure disease management clinics have been historically successful in reducing complications, but little has been done in uninsured settings.MethodsThis is a pilot program for uninsured HF patients following a recent hospitalization. Uninsured patients were offered enrollment in the disease management clinic during or immediately following hospitalization for a primary HF diagnosis at our institution during 2021. The program included twice-weekly visits with interprofessional support. Patients were scheduled 16 visits (2 months of follow-up) post-hospitalization. Patients who attended two visits were considered enrolled.ResultsOf 59 patients referred, 47(80%) were enrolled. Just four patients (8.5%,95%CI:2.5%,20.5%) were readmitted at 30 days, while four of twelve (33%,95%CI:13.6%,61.2%) were readmitted at 30 days in those who did not enroll. Program participants were readmitted significantly less frequently than national readmission rate estimates (23%,p=0.02).ConclusionThe CHFC3 program is feasible and holds promise for materially reducing 30-day readmissions for HF complications in the uninsured.
Pediatric Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bose-Brill Seuli , Hirabayashi Kathryn , Pajor Nathan M , Rao Suchitra , Mejias Asuncion , Jhaveri Ravi , Forrest Christopher B. , Bailey Charles , Christakis Dimitri A. , Thacker Deepika , Hanley Patrick C. , Patel Payal B. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Block Jason P. , Prahalad Priya , Lorman Vitaly , Lee Grace M. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study was conducted to identify rates of pediatric nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) prescriptions overall and by patient characteristics.MethodsPatients up to 23 years old with a clinical encounter and a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid, n/r) prescription in a PEDSnet-affiliated institution between December 1, 2021 and September 14, 2022 were identified using electronic health record (EHR) data.ResultsOf the 1,496,621 patients with clinical encounters during the study period, 920 received a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription (mean age 17.2 years; SD 2.76 years). 40% (367/920) of prescriptions were provided to individuals aged 18-23, and 91% (838/920) of prescriptions occurred after April 1, 2022. The majority of patients (70%; 648/920) had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose at least 28 days before nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription. Only 40% (371/920) of individuals had documented COVID-19 within the 0 to 6 days prior to receiving a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription. 53% (485/920) had no documented COVID-19 infection in the EHR. Among nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription recipients, 64% (586/920) had chronic or complex chronic disease and 9% (80/920) had malignant disease. 38/920 (4.5%) were hospitalized within 30 days of receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.ConclusionClinicians prescribe nirmatrelvir/ritonavir infrequently to children. While individuals receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir generally have significant chronic disease burden, a majority are receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescriptions without an EHR-recorded COVID-19 positive test or diagnosis. Development and implementation of concerted pediatric nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescribing workflows can help better capture COVID-19 presentation, response, and adverse events at the population level.
Changes in depression and anxiety among people with cognitive impairment and dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Beach Brian , Steptoe Andrew , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have identified declines in mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world and in different age groups, including older people. As anxiety and depression are common neuropsychiatric symptoms among people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, the mental health experiences of older people during the pandemic should therefore take cognitive function into consideration. This should also be examined using quantitative measures that were assessed prior to the pandemic. This study addresses such gaps in the evidence base on depression and anxiety among older people with cognitive impairment before and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and FindingsUsing data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) collected from 2018/19 to Nov/Dec 2020, we estimated changes in depression and anxiety for people aged 50+ in England across three cognitive function groups: no impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia.We found that depression (measured with CES-D score) worsened from 2018/19 to Nov/Dec 2020 for people with mild cognitive impairment (1.39 (95%CI: 1.29-1.49) to 2.16 (2.02-2.30)) or no impairment (1.17 (95%CI: 1.12-1.22) to 2.03 (1.96-2.10)). Anxiety, using a single-item rating of 0-10 also worsened among those with mild cognitive impairment (2.48 (2.30-2.66) to 3.14 (2.95-3.33)) or no impairment (2.20 (2.11-2.28) to 2.85 (2.77-2.95)). No statistically significant increases were found for those with dementia. Using a clinical cutoff for likely depression (CES-D≥4), we found statistically significant increases in the probability of likely clinical depression between 2018/19 and Nov/Dec 2020 for those with no impairment (0.110 (0.099-0.120) to 0.206 (0.191-0.222)) and those with mild impairment (0.139 (0.120-0.159) to 0.234 (0.204-0.263)).We also found that differences according to cognitive function that existed before the pandemic were no longer present by June/July 2020, and there were no statistically significant differences in depression or anxiety among cognitive groups in Nov/Dec 2020.ConclusionsOur findings on measures collected before and during the pandemic suggest a convergence in mental health across cognitive function groups during the pandemic. This suggests mental health services will need to meet an increased demand that will come from older adults, especially those not living with cognitive impairment or dementia. We also found little significant change in mental health outcomes among those with dementia; as their existing need for support will remain, policymakers and care practitioners will need to ensure this group continues to have equitable access to support for their mental health.
Striatal Dopaminergic Asymmetry as a marker of Brain-First and Body-First Subtypes in de novo Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Boertien Jeffrey M , Nazmuddin Muhammad , Kłos Justyna , Slomp Anne C , van der Zee Sygrid , Borra Ronald JH , van Laar Teus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, the α-Synuclein Origin and Connectome (SOC) model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been proposed, which predicts a more malignant clinical subtype and symmetrical neurodegeneration in body-first compared to brain-first PD.Here, motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS III), non-motor symptoms (NMSQ) and T1 MRI data of an incidentde novoPD cohort, were compared between PD subjects with levels of putaminal dopaminergic asymmetry in the lowest tertile (PD-sym, n=41) and highest tertile (PD-asym, n=41), as measured by FDOPA-PET.PD-sym was associated with a higher burden of motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms with a probable neurological substrate caudally from the substantia nigra. Though overall brain volume was lower in PD-sym, no differences in the volumes and asymmetricity of specific brain regions could be found between PD-sym and PD-asym after adjusting for multiple testing.The more malignant clinical picture suggests an overrepresentation of body-first PD subjects in PD-sym according to the SOC-model. Also, lower overall brain volumes were found in PD-sym. However, structural MRI data might not be sufficient to assess regional differential degeneration between PD-sym and PD-asym inde novoPD. Additional imaging modalities and longitudinal follow-up could be required to support or reject the SOC-model.
Impact of BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 Omicron Mutations on Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Jawad Bahaa , Adhikari Puja , Podgornik Rudolf , Ching Wai-Yim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5) with an unprecedented number of mutations in their receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike-protein has fueled a new surge of COVID-19 infections, posing a major challenge to the efficacy of existing vaccines and monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Here, a thorough and systematic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study is conducted to investigate how the RBD mutations on these subvariants affect the interactions with broad mAbs including AstraZeneca (COV2-2196 and COV2-2130), Brii Biosciences (BRII-196), Celltrion (CT-P59), Eli Lilly (LY-CoV555 and LY-CoV016), Regeneron (REGN10933 and REGN10987), Vir Biotechnology (S309), and S2X259. Our results show a complete loss of binding for COV2-2196, BRII-196, CT-P59, and LY-CoV555 with all Omicron RBDs. REGN10987 also loses its binding against BA.1 but partially retains against BA.2 and BA.4/5. The reduction in binding is either significant for LY-CoV016 and REGN10933 or moderate for COV2-2130. S309 and S2X259 retain their binding strength against BA.1 but decrease against others. We introduce a mutational escape map for each mAb to identify the key RBD sites and critical mutation. Overall, our findings suggest that majority of therapeutic mAbs have diminished or lost their activity against Omicron subvariants, indicating the urgent need for a new therapeutic mAb, modifying current ones with a better mAb design, or seeking an alternative approach.