bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating Delinquent and Feebleminded Juveniles at the Beloit Industrial School for Girls in Early Twentieth-Century Kansas
Authors: McCrea Heather L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study explores the troubling and unintended consequences of public health efforts to address the problem of juvenile delinquency and feeblemindedness. Health care professionals, superintendents, and other authority figures equated undesirable juvenile behaviors such as keeping “bad company” or “falling in with the wrong crowd,” truancy, and petty theft with poor breeding, low intelligence, and inheritable criminal tendencies. This article interrogates historical documentation culled from the Kansas State Historical Society (KSHS) and focuses on a few specific cases to reveal the ways a patriarchal political and medical state system both protected and alienated young woman accused of a myriad of behavior issues including delinquency, incorrigibility, and feeblemindedness. I highlight the lives of juvenile women sentenced to the Beloit Industrial School for Girls not simply to better understand an isolated period in United States history but also reproduction. The broader implications of the narratives of girls housed at the Beloit Industrial School for Girls throughout the first half of the twentieth century in Kansas reveal troubling and unintended consequences of public health efforts to fix the problems of delinquency, contagion, and the generational inheritance of undesirable characteristics.
An update on the developments in the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma: current knowledge and future perspective
Authors: Makiyama Junya , Ishitsuka Kenji , Munakata Wataru , Maruyama Dai , Nagai Hirokazu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma is defined as peripheral T-cell lymphoma caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma is classified into indolent (favorable chronic or smoldering) or aggressive (acute, lymphoma or unfavorable chronic) types. This review discusses the therapeutic developments for patients with adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma and unmet issues in treating adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma. For indolent adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma, a watchful waiting strategy is recommended until the disease progresses to aggressive adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma. For aggressive adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma, multi-agent chemotherapy with or without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been recommended. However, many patients with adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma relapse, and their prognosis is poor. Recently, novel agents, including mogamulizumab, lenalidomide, brentuximab vedotin, tucidinostat and valemetostat, have been approved for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma, and the combination of mogamulizumab with multi-agent chemotherapy or brentuximab vedotin with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone has been approved for patients with untreated aggressive adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma in Japan. Importantly, the aging of patients with adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma has recently been reported, and no standard of care for elderly patients with adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma has been established. New evidence must be obtained from prospective clinical trials to improve the prognosis of patients with adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma.
Hippocampal synaptic alterations associated with tau pathology in primary age-related tauopathy
Authors: Morris Meaghan , Coste Gabrielle I , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Guo Haidan , Graves Austin R , Troncoso Juan C , Huganir Richard L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is characterized by aggregation of tau in the mesial temporal lobe in older individuals. High pathologic tau stage (Braak stage) or a high burden of hippocampal tau pathology has been associated with cognitive impairment in PART. However, the potential underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Cognitive impairment in many neurodegenerative diseases correlates with synaptic loss, raising the question of whether synaptic loss also occurs in PART. To address this, we investigated synaptic changes associated with tau Braak stage and high tau pathology burden in PART using synaptophysin and phospho-tau immunofluorescence. We compared 12 cases of definite PART with 6 controls and 6 Alzheimer disease cases. In this study, the hippocampal CA2 region showed loss of synaptophysin puncta and intensity in cases of PART with either a high stage (Braak IV) or a high burden of neuritic tau pathology. There was also loss of synaptophysin intensity in CA3 associated with a high stage or high burden of tau pathology. Loss of synaptophysin was present in Alzheimer disease, but the pattern appeared distinct. These novel findings suggest the presence of synaptic loss associated with either a high hippocampal tau burden or a Braak stage IV in PART.
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: What’s behind the “ribbon effect”?
Authors: Viaene Angela N , Nelson Ernest J , Santi Mariarita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ribbon effect describes a perceived macroscopic color reversal of the gray and white matter, characterized by a pale cortex and diffusely dusky underlying white matter. This finding is thought to be unique to the perinatal period and indicative of hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, the clinical and microscopic correlates of this macroscopic finding have not been clearly defined. A 21-year retrospective study of autopsies was performed. Ribbon effect was seen in 190 subjects, ages 20 weeks gestation to 9.5 months adjusted age. Clinical associations and radiographic findings were similar in ribbon effect cases and controls. A variety of histologic findings were observed including acute neuronal injury, diffuse white matter gliosis, and white matter necrosis. Only white matter vascular congestion was significantly correlated to the macroscopic severity of ribbon effect; the severity of white matter injury and acute neuronal injury were not significantly correlated to ribbon effect. While hypoxic-ischemic changes were present in nearly all cases of ribbon effect, the location, severity, and chronicity of these changes varied considerably, and similar findings were observed in controls. The presence of ribbon effect therefore does not predict microscopic findings apart from vascular congestion, highlighting the importance of microscopic examination in perinatal brain autopsies.
Astrometry via close approach events: applications to main-belt asteroid (702) Alauda
Authors: Guo B F , Peng Q Y , Vienne A , Fang X Q 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The release of Gaia catalogue is revolutionary to the astronomy of Solar system objects. After some effects such as atmospheric refraction and CCD geometric distortion have been taken into account, the astrometric precision for ground-based telescopes can reach the level of tens of milli-arcseconds (mas). If an object approaches a reference star in a small relative angular distance (less than 100 arcsec), which is called close approach event in this work, the relative positional precision between the object and reference star will be further improved since the systematic effects of atmospheric turbulence and local telescope optics can be reduced. To obtain the precise position of a main-belt asteroid in an close approach event, a second-order angular velocity model with time is supposed in the sky plane. By fitting the relationship between the relative angular distance and observed time, we can derive the time of maximum approximation and calculate the corresponding position of the asteroid. In practice, five nights’ CCD observations including 15 close approach events of main-belt asteroid (702) Alauda are taken for testing by the 1 m telescope at Yunnan Observatory, China. Compared with conventional solutions, our results show that the positional precision significantly improves, which reaches better than 4 mas, and 1 mas in the best case when referenced for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ephemeris in both right ascension and declination.
Control of mitochondrial integrity influences oocyte quality during reproductive aging
Authors: Khan Shaihla A , Reed Laura , Schoolcraft William B , Yuan Ye , Krisher Rebecca L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Reduced quality in oocytes from women of advanced maternal age (AMA) is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms controlling mitochondrial quality during maternal aging in mouse and human oocytes. We first evaluated the expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitophagy in in vivo matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes collected from young and aged mice. Expression of UPRmt proteins, HSPD1 and LONP1, and mitophagy proteins, total-PRKN and phosphorylated-PRKN, was significantly decreased in aged compared to young oocytes. Treatment of aged oocytes during in vitro maturation with the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MQ) specifically restored total-PRKN and phosphorylated-PRKN expression to levels seen in young oocytes. We next investigated whether maturing young oocytes under a high-oxygen environment would mimic the effects observed in oocytes from aged females. Phosphorylated-PRKN expression in oxidatively stressed young oocytes was reduced compared to that in oocytes matured under normal oxygen levels, and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was increased. Treating oxidatively challenged young oocytes with MQ restored the phosphorylated-PRKN expression and mtDNA copy numbers. Treatment of oxidatively challenged oocytes with MQ also increased the co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes, suggesting increased mitophagy. These data correlated with the developmental potential of the oocytes, as blastocyst development and hatching of oxidatively stressed oocytes were reduced, while treatment with MQ resulted in a significant increase in blastocyst development and hatching, and in the percentage of inner cell mass. Consistent with our results in mice, MII oocytes from women of AMA exhibited a significant decrease in phosphorylated-PKRN and total-PRKN compared to those of young women. Our findings suggest that the protein machinery to control the health of the mitochondria via UPRmt and mitophagy may be compromised in oocytes from aged females, which may result in inefficient clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and reduced oocyte quality.
Exploring the Influence of E-cigarette Ad Features on Perceived Product Appeal and Use Interest Among Young Adults of Varying Tobacco-Use Behaviors
Authors: La Capria Kathryn , Uriarte Caitlin , Elhabashy Maryam , Menkevich Madison , Maxton Olivia , Awadalla Josephine , Tan Andy S L , Moran Meghan B , Chen-Sankey Julia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Exposure to certain features in commercial e-cigarette ads may influence e-cigarette use perceptions. This study explored the reactions toward common features in e-cigarette ads among young adults of various tobacco-use behaviors.

Aims and Methods
We used data from in-depth interviews with U.S. young adults (ages 18–29) who do not use tobacco (n = 26) and who currently smoke cigarettes (n = 26). Participants viewed 30 print e-cigarette ads that included multiple features (eg, fruit flavors, price promotions, smoker-targeted messages) before discussing their perceived influence of memorable ad features. We used reflective thematic analysis to analyze interview data.

Results
Participants from both groups generally noticed fruit and multiple flavors displayed in the ads, which were seen as appealing and were reported to generate product-use interest because of bright colors, sensory appeal, and a variety of flavor options. Participants who smoke perceived price promotions and positive experience testimonials to be appealing, and some reported this generated use interest. Participants from both groups perceived smoker-targeted messages to be unconvincing, and reported this dampened ad and product appeal and use interest. Participants who do not use tobacco perceived nicotine warnings to be unappealing, resulting in reduced perceived appeal of other attractive features (eg, fruit flavors) appearing in the same ads.

Conclusions
Marketing features appearing in e-cigarette ads may be perceived by young adults of various tobacco-use behaviors in both similar and different ways. Communication and policy strategies that account for these differential perceptions towards various marketing features are needed to reduce the negative impact of e-cigarette marketing.

Implications
This study revealed evidence related to young adults’ reactions to and perceived influence of commonly used marketing features (eg, fruit flavors, nicotine warnings, price promotions, smoker-targeted messages) in commercial e-cigarette ads. The results highlight the similar and differential perceived appeal and use interest of e-cigarette products promoted with various marketing features among young adults of different tobacco-use behaviors. The results have implications for informing the design of communication strategies and policies related to e-cigarette marketing aimed at promoting complete product switching among young adults who smoke while simultaneously deterring e-cigarette use interest among those who do not use tobacco.
International Relations Theory and the Practice of International History
Authors: Jackson Peter , Imlay Talbot 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years the field of International Relations (IR) has been enriched by an ‘historical turn’ as scholars have directed their attention to the origins of the discipline. During the same period a number of scholars of International History (IH) have borrowed concepts from IR theory in order to provide new perspectives on subjects such as great power relations in the era of the French Revolution or the origins of the Second World War. These trends have led to the suggestion that we are witnessing a new and exciting convergence of research in these two fields. The chapter shows that the early relationship between the emerging fields of IH and IR was characterized by remarkable convergence. After 1945, however, the two fields diverged as IR evolved into a distinct and self-confident discipline and IH focused increasingly on the origins of world wars. Many of the reasons for this divergence can be understood in terms of this Handbook’s two framing themes: modernity and granularity. Enduring challenges remain to systematic inter-disciplinary collaboration.
The Haitian Revolution
Authors: Younis Musab 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter sketches out two divergent options for rectifying the neglect of the Haitian Revolution in the field of international relations. First, we can make a claim for Haiti’s centrality to international politics by tracing the effects and repercussions of its revolution on the Caribbean, the Americas and the world at large. Alternatively, we can see Haiti’s revolution as exposing the limitations of the categories we use to measure significance and meaning when we study the international. This latter option means abandoning the idea of centrality altogether, drawing on Haiti’s own intellectual history to sketch an alternative view of the international: its forms of power, hierarchies, constraints, and possibilities.
The Bandung Conference
Authors: Lee Christopher J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the 1955 Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia. Attended by delegations from 29 countries in Asia and Africa, the Bandung Conference played a pivotal role in the rise of diplomacy and international relations among postcolonial nation-states during the era of decolonization after the Second World War. Among the leaders who participated were Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, and Zhou Enlai of the People’s Republic of China. Though these leaders and others brought competing sets of interests to the meeting, the Bandung Conference was broadly concerned with issues like postcolonial sovereignty and economic modernization in the face of growing Cold War pressures. The ‘Bandung Spirit’ fostered an enduring mythology about the event, though the meeting ultimately contributed to a growth in postcolonial diplomatic networking through the institutionalization of the conference format.
Human Rights
Authors: Paras Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues for the necessity of a historiographical perspective that reveals how the different historical assumptions we make about human rights have consequences for the way that we understand them in the present. Historiographical analysis illuminates how the intersection between historical narrative and analytical choice produces diverging accounts of the role of human rights practices in contemporary global politics. The chapter applies the modernity problematique to identify three divergent narratives about the trajectory of human rights practices, and then utilizes the concept of granularity to identify a spectrum of analytical choices related to definition, actors, geography, and timescales. It concludes that disagreements amongst scholars about the role of human rights in global politics arise out of historiographical differences that reflect conflicting worldviews and normative perspectives.
Case Study in Music Education
Authors: Barrett Janet R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the widespread prevalence of case studies and the role they play in music education research. It has five goals: to address divergent definitions of case study; to represent key dimensions of case studies drawn from these definitions in a diagram; to address common criticisms and misconceptions related to tensions between theoretical and context-dependent knowledge, generalizability, and rigor; to apply resulting analytical insights to select case studies drawn from music education journals; and to propose avenues for improving the overall impact and utility of case studies within music education based on their particularity and complexity.
Practitioner Inquiry
Authors: Robbins Janet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPractitioner inquiry is a form of systematic and intentional inquiry conducted by teachers using their classrooms as settings to study their own practice and students’ learning. This chapter takes an expanded view of practitioner inquiry to include multiple traditions of action research, teacher research, self-study, and communities of practice. A general overview of the defining qualities of each tradition lays the foundation for an examination of illustrative studies in music education conducted by P-12 teachers, graduate students, and teacher educators. This chapter concludes with a discussion of several common critiques of practitioner inquiry, along with suggestions for ways to move the work of researching teachers from the margins to the mainstream of music education research and practice.
Has FATCA succeeded in reducing tax evasion through foreign accounts?
Authors: De Simone Lisa , Stomberg Bridget 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) spurred an unprecedented increase in the IRS’s ability to obtain information about assets held and income earned by US persons in foreign financial accounts, which were especially prone to illegal tax evasion. We review the evidence on FATCA’s efficacy at reducing tax evasion through foreign accounts and provide additional, longer-term evidence. We then discuss potential avenues for avoiding FATCA reporting. We also highlight other consequences of FATCA and provide exploratory analyses pointing to the use of the United States as a tax haven for foreign investors. We conclude with policy recommendations and suggestions for future research in areas where more analysis is needed.
Trickle-down revisited
Authors: Risch Max 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:In this paper I discuss what can be learned about ‘trickle-down’ ideas from recent empirical evidence on tax incidence, or the effect of tax policies on the distribution of welfare. I underscore three lessons. First, recent research suggests that business income taxes affect the earnings of workers, but these effects largely derive from taxing rents and rent-sharing, highlighting the importance of these channels for determining the ultimate incidence. Second, when workers are affected by these taxes, the burden is not borne equally by all workers, but predominantly by those at the top of the earnings distribution. Third, across different tax policies that statutorily affect the rich, the burden is largely borne by the rich, but heterogeneity in responses across tax incentives and taxpayers provides context for incidence analyses. Throughout, I discuss the value of analysing heterogeneous responses, particularly how tax incidence depends on labour markets, product markets, and tax systems.
Rethinking capital and wealth taxation
Authors: Piketty Thomas , Saez Emmanuel , Zucman Gabriel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews recent developments in the theory and practice of optimal capital taxation. We emphasize three main rationales for capital taxation. First, the frontier between capital and labour income flows is often fuzzy, thereby lending support to a broad-based, comprehensive income tax. Next, the very notions of income and consumption flows are difficult to define and measure for top wealth holders where capital gains due to asset price effects dwarf ordinary income and consumption flows. Therefore the proper way to tax billionaires is a progressive wealth tax. Finally, as individuals cannot choose their parents, there are strong meritocratic reasons why we should tax inherited wealth more than earned income or self-made wealth for which individuals can be held responsible, at least in part. This implies that the ideal fiscal system should also include a progressive inheritance tax, in addition to progressive income and wealth taxes. We then confront our prescriptions with historical experience. Although there are significant differences, we argue that observed fiscal systems in modern democracies bear important similarities with this ideal triptych.
Transcription factor module NLP–NIGT1 fine-tunes NITRATE TRANSPORTER2.1 expression
Authors: Ueda Yoshiaki , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) high-affinity NITRATE TRANSPORTER2.1 (NRT2.1) plays a dominant role in the uptake of nitrate, the most important nitrogen (N) source for most terrestrial plants. The nitrate-inducible expression of NRT2.1 is regulated by NIN-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) family transcriptional activators and NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR1 (NIGT1) family transcriptional repressors. Phosphorus (P) availability also affects the expression of NRT2.1 because the PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 transcriptional activator activates NIGT1 genes in P-deficient environments. Here, we show a biology-based mathematical understanding of the complex regulation of NRT2.1 expression by multiple transcription factors using 2 different approaches: a microplate-based assay for the real-time measurement of temporal changes in NRT2.1 promoter activity under different nutritional conditions, and an ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based mathematical modeling of the NLP- and NIGT1-regulated expression patterns of NRT2.1. Both approaches consistently reveal that NIGT1 stabilizes the amplitude of NRT2.1 expression under a wide range of nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, the ODE model suggests that parameters such as the synthesis rate of NIGT1 mRNA and NIGT1 proteins and the affinity of NIGT1 proteins for the NRT2.1 promoter substantially influence the temporal expression patterns of NRT2.1 in response to nitrate. These results suggest that the NLP–NIGT1 feedforward loop allows a precise control of nitrate uptake. Hence, this study paves the way for understanding the complex regulation of nutrient acquisition in plants, thus facilitating engineered nutrient uptake and plant response patterns using synthetic biology approaches.