bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and testing of polyacrylamide‐grafted waste sand derived composite adsorbent for water purification
Authors: Garud Harshada B. , Jadhav Sushilkumar A. , Jadhav Sayali P. , Kalantre Vilas A. , Patil Pramod S. , Burungale Shivaji H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, waste sand derived polyacrylamide grafted sand particles (PAGSPs) were developed as an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants from water. The composite particles were characterized using FESEM, EDX, ATR‐FTIR, XRD, TGA, and BET analyses. The FESEM results revealed the sizes of composite particles were in the micrometer range and BET analysis showed specific surface area of 10 m2 g−1 with average pore radius of 1.22 nm. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of dyes namely Methyl Orange (MO) and Quinoline Yellow (QY) and Ni(II) and Cr(VI) metal ions were analyzed. The adsorption capacities for dyes MO and QY were 32.25 and 55.55 mg g−1 and for metal ions Ni(II) and Cr(VI) were 75.18 and 125 mg g−1 respectively, at experimental pH conditions. Because of the excellent regeneration capacity, the functional polymer based composite particles exhibit great potential for the removal of any organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater.
A comprehensive review on plant‐based natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Fabrication, properties, and applications
Authors: Akhil U. V. , Radhika N. , Saleh Bassiouny , Aravind Krishna S. , Noble Niveditha , Rajeshkumar L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) have gained limelight in many applications during the recent years, owing to their availability, as well as superior mechanical characteristics, cost‐effectiveness, biodegradability, and lightweight. A comprehensive understanding of the manufacturing methods, proeprties and characteristics of natural fibers pave way for begetting a wide spectrum of applications for the NFPCs in automobile, aerospace, electronics, and other engineering fields. The current review article is about natural fiber‐reinforced composites, the commonly used fabrication methods, including fiber pre‐treatments, and numerous intermediate steps added to achieve improved bonding, processability of these composites, their properties and application prospects. Various state‐of‐the‐art methods like additive manufacturing, vaccum bag molding, and autoclave has also been discussed. The mechanical properties obtained through various fiber reinforcements in accordance with process parameters has a substantial impact in the industrial applications of NFPCs. The tribological applications of NFPCs are becoming increasingly important in order to deal with the mechanical and chemical wear and tear during their service life in contact applications. Flammability behavior and biodegradability assessment of NFPCs are important for high‐temperature and outdoor environmental applications of these materials. The review also includes a comprehensive discussion about the trending applications and future prospects for NFPCs.
A thermal conductivity computation model of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer/aramid fiber reinforced polymer laminate considering the bi‐material composite interfaces
Authors: Bao Yongjie , Ma Yuxin , Zheng Zhi , Yang Yuxing , Ji Xiukun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA thermal conductivity computation model for carbon fiber reinforced polymer/aramid fiber reinforced polymer bi‐material composites was proposed, where thermal resistances of the fibers and matrix were regarded as the electrical resistances in circuit, and was validated by thermal response test with relative error less than 7.5%. After effect of thickness of the aramid fiber layer and that of heating temperature were discussed, it was applied to analyze the thermal response under the deep‐sea oil‐lifting condition. It was found that: (1) specimen with more than two layers (>0.56 mm) of aramid fibers shows better thermal insulation; (2) the higher the heating temperature is, the better the thermal insulation effect is, especially for specimens with multi‐layer aramid fibers.
Ambrisentan for in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: A cost‐utility analysis
Authors: Buendía Jefferson A. , Patiño Diana G. , Lindarte Erika F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite the growing evidence of efficacy, little is known regarding the efficiency of ambrisentan to decrease cost and improve the functional classes of pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aims to determine the cost‐utility of ambrisentan regarding sildenafil to treat pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in Colombia.MethodsA decision tree model was used to estimate the cost and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) of ambrisentan, or sildenafil in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the model. Cost‐effectiveness was evaluated at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) value of US$5180.ResultsThe base‐case analysis showed that compared with sildenafil, ambrisentan was associated with higher costs and higher QALYs. The expected annual cost per patient with ambrisentan was US$16,105 and with sildenafil was US$1431. The QALYs per person estimated with ambrisentan was 0.40 and for sildenafil was 0.39. The estimated improvement in quality of life and reduced costs results in an estimate of economic dominance for sildenafil over ambrisentan.ConclusionOur economic evaluation shows that ambrisentan is not cost‐effective regarding sildenafil to treat pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in Colombia. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision‐makers to improve clinical practice guidelines.
Assimilation of aircraft observations over the Indian monsoon region: Investigation of the effects of COVID‐19 on a reanalysis
Authors: Rani S. Indira , Jangid Buddhi Prakash , Francis Timmy , Sharma Priti , George Gibies , Kumar Sumit , Thota Mohan S. , George John P. , Nath Sankar , Das Gupta Munmun , Mitra Ashis Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince March 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly reduced the availability of global aircraft‐based observations (ABOs), which has been restored later in 2021. This study focuses on the impact of ABOs on a regional reanalysis. Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) is a regional reanalysis for a period from 1979 to 2020 (originally up to 2018) over India and surrounding regions produced at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India, in collaboration with the UK Met Office. A comparison of the impact of ABOs on other conventional and satellite observations assimilated in the NCMRWF global model and IMDAA during 2019 and 2020 revealed the importance of ABOs, particularly in IMDAA, since it did not assimilate the latest satellite data as the IMDAA system was frozen in October 2016. A data denial experiment that removes all the ABOs from the IMDAA assimilation system for a period from March to November 2019 is designed. The results from the IMDAA reanalysis run, which assimilates ABOs during the same period, are compared with the data denial experiment. Assimilation of ABOs strengthened the upper tropospheric circulation, the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), during the Indian summer monsoon compared to the data denial experiment. Analysis of the features of two cyclones that developed over the North Indian Ocean during the study period revealed that ABO assimilation played a key role in simulating the track and intensity of these cyclones when they were in the ‘severe’ category. Since the sample is small, more cyclone cases need to be analysed to consolidate the result.
Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Substitution of Ti for Zr to Produce Bimetallic (Zr/Ti)UiO‐66‐NH2 with Congenetic “Shell–Core” Structure for Enhancing Photocatalytic Removal of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Liu Jiayou , Huang Xiaoxiang , Jia Liuhu , Liu Linfeng , Nie Qianqian , Tan Zhongchao , Yu Hesheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEfficient nitric oxide (NO) removal without nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emission is desired for the control of air pollution. Herein, a series of (Zr/Ti)UiO‐66‐NH2 with congenetic shell–core structure, denoted as Ti‐UION, are rapidly synthesized by microwave‐assisted post‐synthetic modification for NO removal. The optimal Ti‐UION (i.e., 2.5Ti‐UION) exhibits the highest activity of 80.74% without NO2 emission with moisture, which is 21.65% greater than that of the UiO‐66‐NH2. The NO removal efficiency of 2.5Ti‐UION further increases to 95.92% without photocatalyst deactivation under an anhydrous condition. This is because selectively produced NO2 in photocatalysis is completely adsorbed into micropores, refreshing active sites for subsequent reaction. In addition, the enhanced photocatalytic activity after Ti substitution is due to the presence of Ti electron acceptor, the potential difference between the shell and core of Ti‐UION crystal, and the high conductivity of TiO units. Additionally, the improved adsorption of gas molecules not only favors NO oxidation, but also avoids the emission of NO2. This work provides a feasible strategy for rapid metal substitution in metal‐organic frameworks and insights into enhanced NO photodegradation.
Construction of Exosome SORL1 Detection Platform Based on 3D Porous Microfluidic Chip and its Application in Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Peilong , Chen Jiaci , Chen Yuqing , Song Shangling , Huang Xiaowen , Yang Yang , Li Yanru , Tong Yao , Xie Yan , Li Juan , Li Shunxiang , Wang Jiayi , Qian Kun , Wang Chuanxin , Du Lutao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExosomes are promising new biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis, due to their rich biological fingerprints and high level of stability. However, the accurate detection of exosomes with specific surface receptors is limited to clinical application. Herein, an exosome enrichment platform on a 3D porous sponge microfluidic chip is constructed and the exosome capture efficiency of this chip is ≈90%. Also, deep mass spectrometry analysis followed by multi‐level expression screenings revealed a CRC‐specific exosome membrane protein (SORL1). A method of SORL1 detection by specific quantum dot labeling is further designed and the ensemble classification system is established by extracting features from 64‐patched fluorescence images. Importantly, the area under the curve (AUC) using this system is 0.99, which is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that using a conventional biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), AUC of 0.71). The above system showed similar diagnostic performance, dealing with early‐stage CRC, young CRC, and CEA‐negative CRC patients.
Road Map for In Situ Grown Binder‐Free MOFs and Their Derivatives as Freestanding Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Dennyson Savariraj Antonysamy , Justin Raj Chellan , Kale Amol Marotrao , Kim Byung Chul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAmong several electrocatalysts for energy storage purposes including supercapacitors, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and their derivatives have spurred wide spread interest owing to their structural merits, multifariousness with tailor‐made functionalities and tunable pore sizes. The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors can be further enhanced using in situ grown MOFs and their derivatives, eliminating the role of insulating binders whose “dead mass” contribution hampers the device capability otherwise. The expulsion of binders not only ensures better adhesion of catalyst material with the current collector but also facilitates the transport of electron and electrolyte ions and remedy cycle performance deterioration with better chemical stability. This review systematically summarizes different kinds of metal–ligand combinations for in situ grown MOFs and derivatives, preparation techniques, modification strategies, properties, and charge transport mechanisms as freestanding electrode materials in determining the performance of supercapacitors. In the end, the review also highlights potential promises, challenges, and state‐of‐the‐art advancement in the rational design of electrodes to overcome the bottlenecks and to improve the capability of MOFs in energy storage applications.
‘Cultural Buzz’ on the Neighbourhood: The Impact of the URBAN I Initiative on Cultural Consumption Opportunities
Authors: Mateos Mora Cristina , Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrban development projects typically include policy actions to change neighbourhoods as cultural spaces. These actions try to promote quality of life among residents through cultural services and to generate opportunities for local economic development: educational and instrumental strategies in relation to the role of cultural policies in local development, respectively. This chapter briefly analyses the ‘cultural contents’ of local plans in terms of their orientation towards educational and instrumental strategies This is followed by an analysis of the impact of urban projects on the ‘cultural scenes’ of neighbourhoods. The cultural scenes approach examines neighbourhoods as a cluster of cultural consumption opportunities in terms of existing cultural amenities and the lifestyles they promote. The chapter compares two types of cultural scenes: communitarian (oriented to residents) and innovative (oriented to promote economic development and tourism attraction). Comparing experimental and control neighbourhoods between 1991 and 2001 shows that local projects enable a trend towards less communitarian cultural scenes.
Evaluating the Design of Integrated Urban Development Strategies: Evaluability, Plan Quality and Planning Learning Processes
Authors: Guerrero-Mayo María José , Rodríguez-García María Jesús 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolicy design is a growing area of study in policy studies due to its importance in ensuring good implementation and impact. A ‘good design’ ensures good implementation processes and the proposed policy outcomes. Nevertheless, this issue has received little attention in urban initiatives promoted by the EU, at least through the analysis of local policy portfolios from a comparative perspective. This chapter applies the CUPPA approach to analyse the quality of local strategies design from a comparative perspective applying the comparative urban policy portfolio approach. The chapter establishes quality dimensions of local plans for each phase of the policy cycle (from diagnosis to evaluation); and two broad dimensions to analyse local plans’ evaluability: the practical dimension (information needed to evaluate local plans) and the analytical dimension (the coherence between problems, objectives and planned actions). The analysis of URBAN and URBANA Initiatives shows a medium level of quality of local plans design, although very low regarding evaluation. The comparison between URBAN and URBANA local projects shows learning processes regarding the design of governance processes and mechanisms in local strategies, a better definition of instruments designed to ensure coordination among policy sector departments in local governments, between local and supra-municipal authorities, and between public and societal actors. Therefore, portfolio design analysis shows a growing trend towards multi-level governance in urban initiatives, but it also indicates evaluation is a dimension that needs improvements (low levels of quality and no improvements between programmes analysed).
The Integrated Strategy as Urban Policy Innovation Proposed by the EU: Do Cities Apply It?
Authors: Pastor-Seller Enrique , Dorado-Rubín María José , Guerrero-Mayo María José , Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolicy integration is a central aspect of urban initiatives promoted by the EU since the 1990s. However, analyses about this issue usually define and measure policy integration as the diversity of policy sectors included in local plans portfolios. Nevertheless, this chapter sustains that policy integration and diversity are different concepts. Integration means interrelation among policy sectors and actors to cope with the complexity of urban problems. Diversity means the variety of policy sectors or actors included in local strategies portfolios. Therefore, diversity does not ensure integration into local strategies. Applying the CUPPA approach, both aspects are analysed by proposing specific measurement tools. The analysis shows that diversity and integration are different concepts, that the levels of policy integration are low in local strategies, and the increase of integration in their policy agenda from 1993 to 2013. Therefore, policy-learning processes exist regarding this central aspect of local strategies to promote sustainable urban development.
Opening the Black Box of Integrated Urban Development Strategies: On Causal Mechanisms and Policy Theories
Authors: Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. , Rodríguez-García María Jesús 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to analysing the policy theory used by local plans to implement integrated policy mixes. Based on the theory-driven evaluation and social mechanism perspectives, the chapter analyses the causal process established by local plans to ensure the link between objectives and their expected results; and, therefore, the relation between goal and implementation tools. From an analytical point of view, four main causal processes are proposed as combinations of two main aspects. First, goals according to the classical distinction in urban policies between context and actors. Second, the causal mechanism behind policy tools is distinguished according to two main types: oriented to modify opportunity structures and to change actors’ preferences or resources. These causal processes are identified by analysing each policy action implemented in local plans portfolios. The comparison between URBAN and URBANA programmes shows a progressive change from causal processes based on motivational mechanisms targeted at specific groups to re-equilibrate social inequalities to causal processes centred on context improvements to enhance their attractiveness.
The Impact of EU-Integrated Urban Development Initiatives: Research Strategies Beyond ‘Good Practices’
Authors: Domínguez-González Alicia , Navarro Yáñez Clemente J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAfter reviewing previous research strategies applied to evaluate the impacts of EU urban initiatives, and previous evaluative assessments of similar place-based initiatives, this chapter proposes the use of ‘controlled comparisons’ to perform this crucial task for the urban dimension of the European Cohesion Policy: analyses should compare changes before and after interventions between territorial targets and appropriate contrafactual. Previous studies on policy effectiveness have analysed programme outcomes or case studies, but their results do not provide information about initiatives’ impacts due to the lack of contrafactual comparison. Besides, urban initiatives establish some ‘eligibility criteria’ to select their territorial targets. Therefore, contrafactual should be chosen according to the criteria. Based on these ideas, this chapter applies propensity score matching to select appropriate experimental and control groups to evaluate the impact of EU urban initiatives in Spain. The following chapters use the chosen neighbourhoods (experimental and control groups) to perform impact analyses using different methodological approaches.
Intersex Euphorias! Positive Experiences of Intersex Variations on and After Diagnoses
Authors: Jones Tiffany 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeople with intersex variations are mostly framed within conservative psycho-medical research challenging their autonomy, or critical empowerment Intersex Studies literature noting discrimination. Resisting deficit-based framings, this chapter uses the concept ‘euphoria’ to investigate when, why and how 272 Australian online survey participants (aged 16-87yrs) had positive experiences of their intersex variations. Upon diagnosis, under one fifth described what this piece callsCategory Validation, Difference Legitimisation, Knowledge Integration,Medical Sense-makingorSudden Hope euphorias. Post-diagnosis euphorias were more common, most oftenBody Positivity euphoria. Also,Acceptance, Autonomous Control, Relative Gains,orFitness Edge euphoriasemerged. Euphorias had different feelings, stimuli, processes, and impacts.Body Positivity euphoriawas most connected and conducive to other euphorias, and has external stimuli which could be invested in further.
Introduction: What This Study Is Not and What It Aspires to Be
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study, financed by the Austrian “Dokumentationsstelle Politischer Islam”, attempts an analysis of what can be said about the phenomenon of “political Islam” in the Arab world and what can be said about religiously motivated political extremism (hereafter abbreviated RMPE) in an international comparison from the perspective of international, empirically oriented social sciences. We use open, internationally accessible data from the Arab Barometer and the World Values Survey to analyse these two phenomena. In this chapter, we describe the general outline of our study. We emphasise that we follow the example of Cammett et al. (2020), in attempting to present our own empirical data from recognised social science surveys on political Islam. In doing so, the focus is on a tradition influenced by the mathematical logic and analytical philosophy of the Vienna Circle through Rudolf Carnap (1988), of relying on the extension of a contested concept. In our case—of “political Islam”—the research of the Arab Barometer as well as Francois Burgat, but also Jocelyne Cesari, John Esposito, Gilles Kepel and Oliver Roy have in any case very clearly outlined which important value patterns the adherents of political Islam represent (five items from the Arab Barometer) and which political movements and governments of countries can be assigned to the extension of the phenomenon, such as the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Sudan and Jordan, Jamaat-i-Islami in South Asia, the Refah Party in Turkey, the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria, al Nahda in Tunisia, Hizballah in Lebanon, Hamas and Islamic Jihad in the Palestinian territories and Gamaa Islamiyya and Jihad in Egypt. It is certainly also legitimate, in the light of the above literature, to describe the current AKP government in Turkey and the Islamist regime in Iran as “political Islam in power”. Our measurement of “political Islam” thus adopts this perspective without “ifs” and “buts” and 1:1. After all, according to the “Arab Barometer” team, “political Islam” occurs whenever the following opinions are held in the region:

It is better for religious leaders to hold public office

Religious leaders should influence government decisions

Religious leaders are less corrupt than civilian ones

Religious leaders should influence elections

Religious practice is not a private matter.