bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Running Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Running Economy and Performance in Trained and National Level Runners
Authors: RODRIGO-CARRANZA VÍCTOR , HOOGKAMER WOUTER , SALINERO JUAN JOSÉ , RODRÍGUEZ-BARBERO SERGIO , GONZÁLEZ-RAVÉ JOSÉ MARÍA , GONZÁLEZ-MOHÍNO FERNANDO 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/purpose
Previous results about shoe longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) and running economy (RE) show high variability. This study aimed to assess the effects of shoes with increased LBS on RE and performance in trained and national runners.

Methods
Twenty-eight male runners were divided into two groups according to their 10-km performance times (trained, 38–45 min and national runners, <34 min). Subjects ran 2 × 3 min (at 9 and 13 km·h−1 for trained, and 13 and 17 km·h−1 for national runners) with an experimental shoe with carbon fiber plate to increase the LBS (Increased LBS) and a control shoe (without carbon fiber plate). We measured energy cost of running (W·kg−1) and spatiotemporal parameters in visit one and participants performed a 3000 m time trial (TT) in two successive visits.

Results
Increased LBS improved RE in the trained group at slow (11.41 ± 0.93 W·kg−1 vs 11.86 ± 0.93 W·kg−1) and fast velocity (15.89 ± 1.24 W·kg−1 vs 16.39 ± 1.24 W·kg−1) and only at the fast velocity in the national group (20.35 ± 1.45 W·kg−1 vs 20.78 ± 1.18 W·kg−1). The improvements in RE were accompanied by different changes in biomechanical variables between groups. There were a similar improvement in the 3000 m TT test in Increased LBS for trained (639 ± 59 vs 644 ± 61 s in control shoes) and national runners (569 ± 21 vs 574 ± 21 s in control shoes) with more constant pace in increased LBS compared with control shoes in both groups.

Conclusions
Increasing shoe LBS improved RE at slow and fast velocities in trained runners and only at fast velocity in national runners. However, the 3000 m TT test improved similarly in both levels of runners with increased LBS. The improvements in RE are accompanied by small modifications in running kinematics that could explain the difference between the different levels of runners.
Monitoring concept for powder flow monitoring in Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) process based on flexible piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Petrovic-Filipovic Vojislav , Görgl Richard , Suppan Michael , Hesse Jan , Waldhauser Wolfgang 
Published: July 2023

Background: The quality of powder-blown Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is mainly governed by the energy density per unit of mass employed to melt the material. In most of the previous works, the focus in process monitoring and control was on the control of energy input, by controlling the properties of the melt pool. However, the powder mass input is as important to monitor as the energy input, in order to preserve the equilibrium of the process. Methods: In this paper, the authors present the first test results of the Pyzoflex® sensor for powder flow monitoring in L-DED using real powder feeding system in the robot-based laser-processing cell. The sensor was tested against the powder projected from the powder feeder under typical flow regimes and the real-time measurements were taken using a specifically designed software tool. Results: The graphical representation of the registered sensor signals are clearly correlated with the powder flow values set at the powder feeder, which demonstrates that the piezoelectric sensors can detect the powder flow with elevated precision in real time. Conclusions: The first laboratory tests of flexible printed piezoelectric sensors demonstrate that they are fast and precise in the powder flow measurement, but that more effort must be invested in the robustness of the measurement setup as well as in clearing and stabilization of the registered signal.
Only the Ugly Face? A Theoretical Model of Brand Dilution
Authors: Bacchiega Emanuele , Colucci Mariachiara , Denicolò Vincenzo , Magnani Marco 
Published: July 2023

This paper challenges two common views of brand dilution: first, that it is exclusively the unintended consequence of a poorly executed strategy of brand extension and, second, that its likelihood is heightened by brand licensing. Using a new theoretical model, we show that brand dilution can be seen not just as an unfortunate development to be avoided, but as an opportunity to monetize the brand. We further show that, at the relevant margin, switching from in-house development to licensing reduces the risk of brand dilution. The model offers a novel perspective on some important managerial choices and generates a series of empirically testable hypotheses. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing. Funding: Financial support from PRIN 20157NHSTP004 is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00852 .
The Governance of Nonprofits and Their Social Impact: Evidence from a Randomized Program in Healthcare in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Fangwa Anicet A. , Flammer Caroline , Huysentruyt Marieke , Quélin Bertrand V. 
Published: July 2023

Substantial funding is provided to the healthcare systems of low-income countries. However, an important challenge is to ensure that this funding is used efficiently. This challenge is complicated by the fact that a large share of healthcare services in low-income countries is provided by nonprofit health centers that often lack (i) effective governance structures and (ii) organizational know-how and adequate training. In this paper, we argue that the bundling of performance-based incentives with auditing and feedback (A&F) is a potential way to overcome these obstacles. First, the combination of feedback and performance-based incentives—that is, feedback joined with incentives to act on this feedback and achieve specific health outcomes—helps address the knowledge gap that may otherwise undermine performance-based incentives. Second, coupling feedback with auditing helps ensure that the information underlying the feedback is reliable—a prerequisite for effective feedback. To examine the effectiveness of this bundle, we use data from a randomized governance program conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Within the program, a set of health centers was randomly assigned to a “governance treatment” that consisted of performance-based incentives combined with A&F, whereas others were not. Consistent with our prediction, we find that the governance treatment led to (i) higher operating efficiency and (ii) improvements in health outcomes. Furthermore, we find that funding is not a substitute for the governance treatment; health centers that only receive funding increase their scale but do not show improvements in operating efficiency or health outcomes. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations. Funding: This research was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant Investissements d’Avenir (LabEx Ecodec)]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4846 .
The Use of Credit Ratings in the Delegated Management of Fixed Income Assets
Authors: Baghai Ramin P. , Becker Bo , Pitschner Stefan 
Published: July 2023

Investment mandates of fixed income funds constrain managers’ portfolio decisions, often employing credit ratings to classify asset risk. We categorize U.S. and European fixed income funds’ mandates using textual analysis and measure the use of ratings. Over the past two decades, despite the weaknesses of ratings revealed in the global financial crisis, ratings use has increased significantly. Since 2010, the fraction of funds not using ratings in any way has fallen by almost half in both the United States and Europe. By 2020, 94% of U.S. funds and 65% of European funds used ratings. These patterns fit agency-based models of investment mandates and point to a lack of practically useful alternatives. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Nasdaq Nordic Foundation. Supplemental Material: The data files and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4848 .
Access to essential psychotropic medicines in Addis Ababa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Teshager Molla , Araya Mesfin , Fenta Teferi Gedif 
Published: July 2023

Background
Mental disorders are becoming a growing public health problem worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Regular and adequate supplies of appropriate, safe, and affordable medications are required to provide quality mental health services. However, significant proportions of the population with severe mental disorders are not getting access to treatment. Among others, the availability and affordability of psychotropic medicines are significant barriers for many patients in meeting their medication needs. This study aimed to assess the availability, prices, and affordability of essential psychotropic medicines in the private and public health sectors of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was used in 60 retail medicine outlets from the public and private sectors. Stratified random and quota sampling were applied to select the retail outlets. Data was entered and analyzed using the preprogrammed WHO/HAI workbook and SPSS V.25.

Results
The mean availability of Lower Priced Generic (LPG) psychotropic medicines was 24.33% in Addis Ababa (28.7% in the public sector and 19.80% in the private sector). The Patient prices for the LPG ranged from 0.52–6.43 MPRs in public and 1.08–24.28 MPRs in private sectors. Standard treatment costs varied from 0.1–7.8 days’ wages in public and 0.8–25 days’ wages in private sectors for the lowest-paid government worker to purchase a month’s supply.

Conclusions
Essential psychotropic medicines were poorly available, with high prices and low affordability in Addis Ababa. An efficient supply across all levels of care and financial protection for essential medicines should be in place to ensure access.
Resilient Society, Resilient Design
Authors: De Campos Paulo , Yamana Daniella , De Souza Gonçalves Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Big cities in developing countries face many obstacles related to the built environment when confronted by socioeconomic inequalities, which is reflected by the uneven access to basic living infrastructure, such as sanitation and housing. In the light of new approaches to traditional materials and building techniques, this article aims to investigate the use of digital fabrication tools in the production of lightweight precast systems for the social production of habitat in Brazil.
To develop a clear assessment of the possibilities created by these technological alternatives, two academic applied researches are considered as case studies: a modular sidewalk for rain water drainage and a precast building system for housing. The main goal here is to discuss the role of high-tech solutions —such as digital fabrication tools and lightweight precast systems— in promoting urban community-driven upgrading initiatives in precarious settlements, accompanied by local economic development.
Compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3s
Authors: Dişkaya Orhan , Menken Hamza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we consider compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3s. We see that these compositions lead us to results that involve Padovan numbers, and we give some tiling models of these compositions. Moreover, we examine some tiling models of the compositions related to the Padovan polynomials and prove some identities using the tiling model’s method. Next, we obtain various identities of the compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3srelated to the Padovan numbers. The number of palindromic compositions of this type is determined, and some numerical arithmetic functions are defined. Finally, we provide a table that compares all of the results obtained from compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3s.
Novel technique to cancel MAI for OCDMA system
Authors: Bharti Manisha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Code division multiple access in optical domain has a potential in next-generation long-haul transmission systems. However, multiple user interference is a snag in functioning of system employing OCDMA. A detailed analysis of multiple access interference (MAI) which causes a severe degradation in the system performance is done in this paper. An optimum MAI cancellation scheme has been proposed. This cancellation scheme depends not only on using the excellent correlation property of the double padded modified prime codes (DPMPC) as spreading sequence but also on employing minimum shift keying (MSK). The performance of the proposed cancellation scheme is compared with the existing techniques of FSK-OCDMA and PPM-OCDMA cancellation techniques. MSK-OCDMA cancellation technique achieves the lowest bit error rate of 10−20. It is also efficient in power. It achieves lowest bit error rate at same number of mean photon number when compared to the existing techniques. The investigations reveal that MSK-OCDMA cancellation technique outperforms FSK-OCDMA and PPM-OCDMA cancellation schemes.
The Turkic middle voice system: deponency and paradigm reorganization
Authors: Zaslansky Matthew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to recharacterize the distribution of two suffixes in Common Turkic, the reflexive-(I)nand the reciprocal-(I)š. Despite having quite distinct sources (the former as a suffix employed in the derivation of intransitive verbs, the latter a plural marker), these two suffixes have fallen into a somewhat overlapping distribution in the modern Turkic languages. They share a range of middle-like functions, and so they are characterized here as a bipartite middle voice system. Many of these functions have become peripheral, however, and the system increasingly consists of a class of verbs with deponent paradigms.
Determinarse como escritor argentino: La lengua «afantasmada» de Alan Pauls
Authors: Rodríguez Montiel Emiliano 
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo se centra en el comienzo literario de Alan Pauls, en específico, en sus dos primeras novelas: El pudor del pornógrafo (1984) y El coloquio (1990). Mediante el análisis del sistema de correspondencias europeo y extemporáneo (Kafka, Klossowski, Goethe, Bataille) que interviene en el proceso creativo de dichos textos, esta argumentación busca evidenciar, en primer lugar, el contexto inmediato con el cual esta narrativa decide, desde sus inicios, antagonizar aquellas escrituras afines a la idea de un hacer literario vinculado a la politización, el memorialismo, la función pedagógica, el folklorismo y , en segundo lugar, unido estrechamente a lo anterior, el conjunto de elecciones (temáticas, teóricas, filiatorias, formales y valorativas) que Pauls toma para hacerse un lugar en su tradición nacional. Una condición argentina de escritor, es decir, universal, cuya traducción formal, tal es nuestra hipótesis, es la composición de una lengua «afantasmada»: una lengua tallada desde adentro por otras lenguas, capaz de exiliar del propio tiempo a quien escribe para inventarle su propia contemporaneidad.
APPLICATION OF SPLINE FUNCTIONS AND WALSH FUNCTIONS IN PROBLEMS OF PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF LINEAR NONSTATIONARY SYSTEMS
Authors: Stenin А. A. , Drozdovych I. G. , Soldatova M. O. 
Published: July 2023

Context. In this article, a generalized parametric identification procedure for linear nonstationary systems is proposed, which uses spline functions and orthogonal expansion in a series according to the Walsh function system, which makes it possible to find estimates of the desired parameters by minimizing the integral quadratic criterion of discrepancy based on solving a system of linear algebraic equations for a wide class of linear dynamical systems. The accuracy of parameter estimation is ensured by constructing a spline with a given accuracy and choosing the number of terms of the Walsh series expansion when solving systems of linear algebraic equations by the A. N. Tikhonov regularization method. To improve the accuracy of the assessment, an algorithm for adaptive partitioning of the observation interval is proposed. The partitioning criterion is the weighted square of the discrepancy between the state variables of the control object and the state variables of the model. The choice of the number of terms of the expansion into the Walsh series is carried out on the basis of adaptive approximation of non-stationary parameters in the observation interval, based on the specified accuracy of their estimates. The quality of the management of objects with variable parameters is largely determined by the accuracy of the evaluation of their parameters. Hence, obtaining reliable information about the actual nature of parameter changes is undoubtedly an urgent task.
Objective. Improving the accuracy of parameter estimation of a wide class of linear dynamical systems through the joint use of spline functions and Walsh functions.
Method. A generalized parametric identification procedure for a wide class of linear dynamical systems is proposed. The choice of the number of terms of the expansion into the Walsh series is made on the basis of the proposed algorithm for adaptive partitioning of the observation interval.
Results. The results of modeling of specific linear non-stationary systems confirm the effectiveness of using the proposed approaches to estimating non-stationary parameters.
Conclusions. The joint use of spline functions and Walsh functions makes it possible, based on the proposed generalized parametric identification procedure, to obtain analytically estimated parameters, which is very convenient for subsequent use in the synthesis of optimal controls of real technical objects. This procedure is applicable to a wide class of linear dynamical systems with concentrated and distributed parameters.
OBJECT DETECTION PERFORMANCE INDICATOR IN VIDEO SUVEILLANCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Katerynchuk I. S. , Babaryka A. O. , Khoptinskiy R. P. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The probability of detecting the object by the operator of the video surveillance system depends on a number of parameters (geometric dimensions of the object of observation, distance to the object of observation, parameters of the video surveillance camera, monitor parameters, etc.).
Objective. The purpose of the article is to develop an indicator of the effectiveness of detecting dynamic objects when evaluating the functioning of video surveillance systems.
Method. An indicator of the effectiveness of object detection when evaluating the functioning of video surveillance systems is proposed. The proposed indicator is expressed in the probability of detection of the object of interest by the i-th operator thanks to the person’s own visual apparatus or with the help of a software algorithm. This indicator differs from the existing ones by taking into account the parameters of the optical system, the parameters of the information display device (monitor), the number of video surveillance cameras, etc. The developed indicator makes it possible to estimate the probability of detection of an object by a video surveillance system operator thanks to a person's own visual apparatus or with the help of a software algorithm, depending on the distance to such an object.
Results. According to the results of experimental calculations, it has been proven that the effectiveness of the use of video surveillance systems with the use of video analytics functions (using the example of the dynamic object detection algorithm).
Conclusions. The conducted experimental calculations confirmed the efficiency of the proposed mathematical apparatus and allow us to recommend it for use in practice when solving problems of evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of video surveillance systems.
Doctor Crucis. The Criteria for Conferral of the Title of Doctor of the Church and their Application to the Case of Edith Stein. Part I
Authors: Guerrero van der Meijden Jadwiga 
Published: July 2023

Edith Stein is widely recognised as a saint, a martyr, a victim of the Holocaust and a female philosopher – but can she be a Doctor of the Church? So far, thirty-seven figures, including four women, carry the title due to their so-called ‘eminent doctrines’, eminentes doctrinae. For centuries, a procedural difficulty existed in awarding the titles to martyrs, however, in the second decade of the 21st century, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints reached a conclusion that martyrdom is not, in principle, an obstacle in awarding the title. A question, therefore, can be posed: does the legacy of someone among the Christian martyrs fulfill the criteria of the Church’s Doctorate?
The aim of this article is to investigate the criteria for conferral of the title of the Doctor of the Church, prime among which is a criterion called eminens doctrina, and apply them to one example, that of Edith Stein. In doing so, I consider the question purely historically and philosophically, starting out with definitions of the Father of the Church and the Doctor of the Church in part one (available below). In the second part of the article (available in 2024), I ask what aspects of the female martyr’s theology, philosophy and spirituality fulfill the criteria of an eminent doctrine, as formulated in the Church’s documents, and which are insufficient or lacking. In order to highlight the nature of a particular criterion, I contrast Stein’s case with other recently debated cases, such as those of Irenaeus of Lyons and John Paul II.
Sulla dimensione dialogica dell’autorità. About the Dialogical Dimension of Authority
Authors: Mizdrak Inga 
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the problem of authority in the fundamental aspects of the philosophy of dialogue, which in the I-You relationship acquires a specific meaning. The dialogical plane emphasizes the tension between the subjects, showing the dynamics of the meeting as well as its specific movement and variability. The concept of Martin Buber and Józef Tischner was recalled, opening a new discourse on the fundamental role, meaning and sense of authority today. Buber says that the dialogue itself appears as relation of beings, while Tischner shows the meeting as an event in which the agathological horizon of good and evil is present, which in both concepts puts a new light on the problem of authority. Authority not only internally assumes turning “to” someone/ the Other, but also assumes being “for” someone/ the Other and towards someone/ the Other.
L’approccio pastorale dialogico alla luce del Sinodo. The Dialogical Pastoral Approach in the Light of the Synod
Authors: Kraner David 
Published: July 2023

The study sheds light on the problem of communication in the Church and proposes a model of dialogical communication based on data analysis. It must be in harmony with the content of speculative theology, but at the same time it must meet the linguistic needs of the present time. Pope Francis, with the Synod, is channeling many changes in the right direction. Empirical analyses of media coverage of representations of the Catholic Church, provide further support for this theme. On the one hand, we have the press in Slovenia, which is saturated with news about the Church, and on the other hand, we have Radio and Television, which are undernourished. Often, the Church is presented along with celebrities, celebrations, politics and charity work. If we take into consideration the dialogical model of communication, these issues can be entry points for better and more qualitative communication.