bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercially available foods for young children (<36 months) in Australia: An assessment of how they compare to a proposed nutrient profile model
Authors: Scully Maree , Schmidtke Andrea , Conquest Libby , Martin Jane , McAleese Alison 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIssue addressedTo assess the nutritional composition of commercially available foods (CAFs) for infants and toddlers sold in Australia to determine whether they meet World Health Organization (WHO) Europe's proposed standards for nutritionally appropriate foods for children <36 months.MethodsA cross‐sectional retail audit of infant (n = 177) and toddler (n = 73) foods found in‐store and online at three major Victorian supermarkets was conducted in August/September 2019. Products were grouped according to WHO Europe's food categories and their nutrient content assessed against specific composition standards applicable to their category. The presence of added sugar in each product was also recorded.ResultsMost infant products (71%) were soft‐wet spoon‐able, ready‐to‐eat foods whereas the most prevalent category for toddler products was dry finger foods and snacks (71%). Overall, just one‐third of CAFs met all the nutrient recommendations for their category, with infant foods more likely to be compliant than toddler foods (43% vs. 10%; P < .001). Around 9 in 10 infant (93%) and toddler (89%) CAFs contained added sugar according to the Public Health England definition of ‘free’ sugars.ConclusionsThere is considerable scope to improve the nutritional composition of Australian CAFs for both infants and toddlers, to reduce harmful sugars in these foods and to improve the energy density of them. For CAFs marketed as suitable for toddlers there is also considerable scope to reduce the sodium content.So what?These findings support the need for stronger regulation of CAFs for infants and toddlers to better promote healthy eating patterns and taste preferences in young children.
Requirements for improving social capital among faculty members of medical universities: A multicenter qualitative study
Authors: Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan , Shahabi Saeed , Kalateh Sadati Ahmad , Hashempour‐Sadeghian Maryam , Zarei Leila , Ardekani Ali , Akbary Ali , Zakeri Mohammadreza , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSocial capital is critical to organizational dynamics, particularly in developing countries. This study explored strategies for enhancing social capital among faculty members at seven medical universities in the south of Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in 2021. We used a purposeful sampling technique to recruit faculty members and conducted individual semi‐structured interviews with them. Thematic analysis was used to analyze and describe the collected data.ResultsA total of 49 faculty members (34 males; 15 females) participated in this study. The participants expressed satisfaction with their affiliations with medical universities. Social capital was related to the feeling of belonging to the organization, as well as to interpersonal and intra‐organizational relations. Social capital was associated with three components: empowerment, organizational policy change, and organizational identification. Additionally, a dynamic relationship between the individual, interpersonal, and macro‐organizational levels reinforced the organization's social capital. This means that, just as the macro‐organizational level affects the members' identities, the members' activism affects the macro‐organizational level.ConclusionTo strengthen the organization's social capital, managers should work on the mentioned components at the individual, interpersonal, and macro‐organizational levels.
Challenges of implementing diagnostic‐related groups and healthcare promotion in Iran: A strategic applied research
Authors: Asadi Farkhondeh , Sabahi Azam , Ramezanghorbani Nahid , Emami Hassan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimImplementing the diagnostic‐related groups (DRGs) promotes the efficiency of healthcare. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the challenges facing implementing the DRGs in Iran.MethodsThe present study is a strategic applied research conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the challenges facing DRGs were extracted through a literature review. Then the collected data is entered into a checklist consisting of five sections including technological, cultural, organizational, strategic, and natural challenges. In the second phase, data were collected by purposive sampling and semistructured interviews with 10 managers of the Medical Services Organization of Tehran, Iran. Data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis using MAXQDA software and descriptive using SPSS software version 19.ResultsThe challenges facing the implementing DGRs from the experts' perspective included technological, organizational, nature, strategic, and cultural in order of priority. The three main fundamental challenges were reported; lack of integrating the DGRs with health information system (70%), frequent changes of management (70%), reducing the quality of care following early patient discharge (60%).ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that the DRG system faced with challenges and healthcare officials should apply policies and guidelines to reform the system before changing the reimbursement system in Iran. By considering the leading countries experiences in the nationalizing the DRG system field, the problems and solutions of the system can be identified and aid in the more successful implementation of these systems.
Effect of sulfonamide derivatives of phenylglycine on scopolamine‐induced amnesia in rats
Authors: Ganeshpurkar Ankit , Singh Ravi , Tripathi Pratigya , Alam Qadir , Krishnamurthy Sairam , Kumar Ashok , Singh Sushil K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease responsible for dementia and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the present study, compounds 30 and 33, developed earlier in our laboratory as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, were tested against scopolamine‐induced amnesia to evaluate their pharmacodynamic effect. The efficacy of the compounds was determined by behavioral experiments using the Y‐maze and the Barnes maze and neurochemical testing. Both compounds reduced the effect of scopolamine treatment in the behavioral tasks at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The results of the neurochemical experiment indicated a reduction in cholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. The levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were restored compared to the scopolamine‐treated groups. The docking study on rat butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) indicated tight binding, with free energies of −9.66 and −10.23 kcal/mol for compounds 30 and 33, respectively. The two aromatic amide derivatives of 2‐phenyl‐2‐(phenylsulfonamido) acetic acid produced stable complexes with rat BChE in the molecular dynamics investigation.
Recurrent bacterial meningitis caused by incomplete Type I inner ear malformation: A case report
Authors: Luo Zhong , Cao Piao , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Xu Zu‐Cai , Xu Ping , Liang Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe incidence of incomplete partition Type I inner ear malformation is very low; therefore, bacterial meningitis caused by this malformation is also rare. Here, we report a case of such a patient. This case is a young female patient, who is 7 years old, began to have recurrent headaches, and after 5 years, also began to have chest and back pain. The doctor diagnosed meningitis, and the anti‐infection treatment was effective. She was followed up annually and continued to have outbreaks repeatedly for 17 years, but the cause of repeated infection was not found. After a detailed diagnosis and treatment in our hospital, the patient was finally diagnosed with incomplete partition Type I inner ear malformation, resulting in repeated bacterial meningitis. The patient recovered well after surgical treatment, and the symptoms did not recur after 1‐year follow‐up.
Financial development, economic growth and the role of fiscal policy during normal and stress times: Evidence for 26 EU countries
Authors: Asteriou Dimitrios , Spanos Konstantinos , Trachanas Emmanouil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article empirically explores the finance‐growth relationship and the performance of the financial system measured by financial depth, accessibility, and efficiency of both financial sectors, that is, institutions and stock markets. It also examines the role of fiscal policy in conjunction with the performance of financial development during both normal and stress times. The data consists of a panel of 26 European Union countries over the period 1990–2020. The results show that during normal times, the finance‐led growth relationship and the stock market are greatly important, while during stress times the relationship becomes insignificant. Interestingly, financial institutions are found to be more effective at promoting growth and there is clear evidence that a potentially dynamic positive effect of institutions to growth is absorbed by macroeconomic shocks. In addition, there is evidence for a threshold at a lower level compared to those previously identified in the literature. This latter finding can be attributed to different measures of financial institutions used and the impact of macroeconomic shocks. The inability of both financial sectors to enhance economic activity seems to exhibit persistence from the occurrence of the global financial crisis until the onset of the recent Covid‐19 pandemic.
An overview of host‐derived molecules that interact with gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Liu Huifeng , Sun Lei , Wang Yue , Chen Xiaodong , Du Juan , Sjöling Åsa , Yao Junhu , Wu Shengru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiota comprises bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses that live together and interact with each other and with host cells. A stable gut microbiota is vital for regulating host metabolism and maintaining body health, while a disturbed microbiota may induce different kinds of disease. In addition, diet is also considered to be the main factor that influences the gut microbiota. The host could shape the gut microbiota through other factors. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms that mediate host regulation on gut microbiota, involved in gut‐derived molecules, including gut‐derived immune system molecules (secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, cluster of differentiation 4+ effector T cell, and innate lymphoid cells), sources related to gut‐derived mucosal molecules (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, oxygen sources, and electron respiratory acceptors), gut‐derived exosomal noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) (microRNAs, circular RNA, and long ncRNA), and molecules derived from organs other than the gut (estrogen, androgen, neurohormones, bile acid, and lactic acid). This study provides a systemic overview for understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and host, a comprehensive source for potential ways to manipulate gut microbiota, and a solid foundation for future personalized treatment that utilizes gut microbiota.
Estimation of land surface temperature in agricultural lands using Sentinel 2 images: A case study for sunflower fields
Authors: Nasseri Saeid , Farhadi Bansouleh Bahman , Azari Arash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) is usually calculated based on the thermal bands of satellite images. The present study aimed to estimate LST with reasonable accuracy for on‐time agricultural management by integrating Sentinel 2 with Landsat 8 or MODIS images. For this purpose, LST was first calculated based on Landsat 8 and MODIS images in the Satar Plain located in the western of Kermanshah province, Iran. Then, three methods for LST estimation using Sentinel 2 images were presented and evaluated. In the first method, a relationship was established between LST and elevation and the normalized difference vegetation index. In the second method, LST was determined based on the relationship between Sentinel 2 spectral bands and Landsat‐based LST in sunflower fields and agricultural lands. In the third method, the LST product of the MODIS was downscaled using spectral bands of Sentinel 2. Finally, the results of the three methods were compared with Landsat‐based LST. The results showed that the second method (the relationship between LST and spectral bands of Sentinel 2) with coefficient of determination and root mean square error values of 0.9 and 1.48°C in sunflower fields and 0.625 and 3.85°C in agricultural lands, respectively, has better accuracy than the other two methods.
Associations among migration risk factors, cultural identity conflict, and psychological symptoms among Syrian emerging adults with refugee backgrounds in the Netherlands
Authors: Rahim Haza F. , Mooren Trudy T. M. , Knipscheer Jeroen W. , van den Brink Femke , Chung Joanne M. , Laceulle Odilia M. , Boelen Paul A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn the present study, we examined relations between premigration, perimigration, and postmigration risk factors (i.e., potentially traumatic events [PTEs], postmigration living problems [PMLPs], stressful life events) and psychological symptoms (i.e., anxiety/depression, posttraumatic stress) in Syrian emerging adults with refugee backgrounds; we also tested cultural identity conflict as a possible mediator of these relations. We expected that greater exposure to migration risk factors was associated with more psychological symptoms and that higher cultural identity conflict would contribute to these associations.MethodsWe used data from the first wave of Karakter, a longitudinal study of 158 Syrians with refugee backgrounds (69.0% men, age range 18–35). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing PTEs, PMLPs, stressful life events, cultural identity conflict, and symptoms of anxiety/depression and posttraumatic stress.ResultsCorrelational analyses indicated that more PTEs and stressful life events were related to higher levels of cultural identity conflict and more psychological symptoms. Furthermore, greater cultural identity conflict was associated with more psychological symptoms. We did not observe indirect effects of cultural identity conflict in the mediation analyses.ConclusionsResults suggest that postmigration stressors and cultural identity conflict are associated with psychological symptoms among Syrian emerging adults who have resettled in the Netherlands.
Cardiac remodeling from the fetus to adulthood
Authors: Youssef Lina , Castellani Roberta , Valenzuela‐Alcaraz Brenda , Sepulveda‐Martinez Álvaro , Crovetto Francesca , Crispi Fàtima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrenatal cardiac remodeling refers to in utero changes in the fetal heart that occur as a response to an adverse intrauterine environment. In this article, we will review the main mechanisms leading to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, summarizing and describing the major pathological conditions that have been reported to be related to this in utero plastic adaptive process. We will also recap the current evidence regarding the persistence of fetal cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, both in infancy and later in adult life. Moreover, we will discuss primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures and future clinical and research aspects.
Heteroaggregation of virions and microplastics reduces the number of active bacteriophages in aqueous environments
Authors: Ochirbat Enkhlin , Zbonikowski Rafał , Sulicka Anna , Bończak Bartłomiej , Bonarowska Magdalena , Łoś Marcin , Malinowska Elżbieta , Hołyst Robert , Paczesny Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore the effects of microplastics on the viability of the bacteriophages in an aqueous environment. Bacteriophages (phages), that is, viruses of bacteria, are essential in homeostasis. It is estimated that phages cause up to 40% of the death of all bacteria daily. Any factor affecting phage activity is vital for the whole food chain and the ecology of numerous niches. We hypothesize that the number of active phages decreases due to the virions’ adsorption on microplastic particles or by the released leachables from additives used in the production of plastic, for example, stabilizers, plasticizers, colorants, and reinforcements. We exposed three diverse phages, namely, T4 (tailed), MS2 (icosahedral), and M13 (filamentous), to 1 mg/mL suspension of 12 industrial‐grade plastics [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, high‐impact polystyrene, poly‐ε‐caproamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride] shredded to obtain microparticles of radius ranging from 2 to 50 μm. The effect of leachables was measured upon exposure of phages not to particles themselves but to the buffer preincubated with microplastics. A double‐overlay plaque counting method was used to assess phage titers. We employed a classical linear regression model to verify which physicochemical parameters (65 variables were tested) govern the decrease of phage titers. The key finding is that adsorption mechanisms result in up to complete scavenging of virions, whereas leachables deactivate up to 50% of phages. This study reveals microplastic pollution's plausible and unforeseen ecotoxicological effect causing phage deactivation. Moreover, phage transmission through adsorption can alter the balance of the food chain in the new environment. The effect depends mainly on the zeta potentials of the polymers and the phage type.
The prevalence of thiamine deficiency among elderly nursing home residents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Uchida Nozomu , Ishida Mayumi , Sato Izumi , Yoshioka Akira , Takahashi Takao , Furuya Daisuke , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Ito Hiroshi , Onishi Hideki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough thiamine deficiency (TD) can lead to Wernicke encephalopathy, the characteristics associated with TD in the elderly have not yet been clarified. We sought to clarify the frequency of TD among an institutionalized elderly population with a controlled dietary intake and to identify possible factors related to TD.MethodWe undertook a cross‐sectional study of residents in three nursing homes for the elderly as of June 2020. Blood thiamine concentrations were measured using a high‐performance liquid chromatography method, with TD defined as a concentration of <21.3 ng/mL. Basic data (age, sex, height, weight, and BMI), dietary intake for the previous 3 weeks, degree of care (DOC), degree of independence in daily life for elderly with dementia (DIDLED), and comorbidities were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.ResultsThe mean age (±SD) was 86.9 years (±8.29), with 84 residents (70.0%) being female. The DIDLED varied from total independence to long‐term care level 5 (full assistance), with 89.2% suffering dementia. The mean whole blood thiamine value was 36.18 (±17.58) ng/ml, with TD confirmed in 7 (5.8%) of the 120 residents. All TD patients suffered from dementia. No TD was observed in patients with a near‐normal food intake, and no related factors were observed among the other items.ConclusionReduced food intake may at increase the risk of TD and symptoms of TD may be overlooked in those displaying symptoms of dementia; thus, it is important for clinicians working with the elderly to remain aware of the potential for TD.
Sleep‐dependent structural neuroplasticity after a spatial navigation task: A diffusion imaging study
Authors: Villemonteix Thomas , Guerreri Michele , Deantoni Michele , Balteau Evelyne , Schmidt Christina , Stee Whitney , Zhang Hui , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvidence for sleep‐dependent changes in microstructural neuroplasticity remains scarce, despite the fact that it is a mandatory correlate of the reorganization of learning‐related functional networks. We investigated the effects of post‐training sleep on structural neuroplasticity markers measuring standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), mean diffusivity (MD), and the revised biophysical neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), free water fraction (FWF), and neurite density (NDI) parameters that enable disentangling whether MD changes result from modifications in neurites or in other cellular components (e.g., glial cells). Thirty‐four healthy young adults were scanned using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on Day1 before and after 40‐min route learning (navigation) in a virtual environment, then were sleep deprived (SD) or slept normally (RS) for the night. After recovery sleep for 2 nights, they were scanned again (Day4) before and after 40‐min route learning (navigation) in an extended environment. Sleep‐related microstructural changes were computed on DTI (MD) and NODDI (NDI and FWF) parameters in the cortical ribbon and subcortical hippocampal and striatal regions of interest (ROIs). Results disclosed navigation learning‐related decreased DWI parameters in the cortical ribbon (MD, FWF) and subcortical (MD, FWF, NDI) areas. Post‐learning sleep‐related changes were found at Day4 in the extended learning session (pre‐ to post‐relearning percentage changes), suggesting a rapid sleep‐related remodeling of neurites and glial cells subtending learning and memory processes in basal ganglia and hippocampal structures.
Advances in detecting fruit aroma compounds by combining chromatography and spectrometry
Authors: Hou Xiaolong , Jiang Junmei , Luo Changqing , Rehman Latifur , Li Xiangyang , Xie Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFruit aroma is produced by volatile compounds, which can significantly enhance fruit flavor. These compounds are highly complex and have remarkable pharmacological effects. The synthesis, concentration, type, and quantity of fruit aroma substances are affected by various factors, both abiotic and biotic. To fully understand the aroma substances of various fruits and their influencing factors, detection technology can be used. Many methods exist for detecting aroma compounds, and approaches combining multiple instruments are widely used. This review describes and compares each detection technology and discusses the potential use of combined technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of fruit aroma compounds and the factors influencing their synthesis. These results can inform the development and utilization of fruit aroma substances. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Total abdominal colectomy to facilitate complete cytoreduction in 56 patients with mucinous appendiceal neoplasms with peritoneal metastases
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. , Chang David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy are currently the standard of care for management of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with peritoneal metastases. The goal of the CRS is complete removal of all visible disease through the use of peritonectomy procedures and visceral resections. One of the major resections that may be required is total abdominal colectomy (TAC).MethodsFrom a database and secured files of patients having a complete CRS, all patients who had TAC were identified. The clinical and histologic variables associated with these patients were identified and assessed for their impact on overall survival.ResultsThe 450 complete CRS with low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms had 26 TAC (5.8%) with a 16.0‐year median survival. The mucinous adenocarcinoma (MACA)‐Intermediate (MACA‐Int) group consisted of 37 patients with 8 patients (21.6%) having TAC that resulted in a median survival of 11.5 years. The 159 complete CRS with MACA had 22 TAC (13.8%) with a median survival of 7.5 years. There was a single mortality with a class 4 adverse event in 5 patients (10.7%). With a class 4 adverse event, survival decreased significantly (p = 0.0006, hazard ratio: 6.2).ConclusionComplete CRS required TAC in 56 of 646 patients (8.7%) with appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. With TAC, median survival was 12.0 years. A class 4 adverse event markedly reduced survival.