bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Sources and Best Practices for Data Collection
Authors: Lee Helen , Strassberger Marissa , Naeve Katie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A sound and robust program design or evaluation is dependent on having good data. Having good data, in turn, means that the researcher has carefully and thoughtfully considered which data sources are needed to answer the fundamental questions of interest, makes plans for collecting high-quality data, puts in place processes and procedures to monitor data collection, and uses appropriate methods for analyzing data and interpreting results. This chapter describes the various types of quantitative and qualitative data commonly used in program design and evaluation, when they can be used, and their strengths and weaknesses. This chapter also describes important principles for ensuring the collection of high-quality data, including best practices to employ before, during, and after data collection.
Performance Evaluation of the Community Action for Reading and Security Program in Nicaragua
Authors: Blair Randall , Murray Nancy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Community Action for Reading and Security (CARS) program was a collection of investments in early reading and community safety funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) that were implemented in Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast from 2013 to 2020. CARS introduced in-school and out-of-school reading programs for primary school-age students in over 100 communities across the coastal region. The program also featured various community and parent engagement activities, as well as small grants for school improvements. This chapter describes the performance evaluation of CARS conducted in 2015 and 2016. Featuring visits to participating communities, interviews with educators, and an extensive analysis of administrative and survey data, the evaluation used a robust mixed-methods design to assess program implementation, outcomes, and sustainability. USAID and program implementers used the lessons from the evaluation findings in 2017 before CARS was scaled to other regions of Nicaragua.
Using Evidence to Scale Up India’s Most Promising Education Intervention
Authors: Banerji Rukmini , Venkatachalam Bala 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines how Pratham, one of India’s best-known organizations working in primary education, went from designing methods to understand the contours of the “learning crisis” to developing solutions that were then used at scale across the country for raising children’s ability to read and do arithmetic. Evidence has played a significant role in this journey. First, the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) highlighted the “invisible problem” of children’s learning across the country. Second, Pratham’s own internal measurement systems, along with a series of randomized controlled trials, evaluated Pratham’s evolving solution for raising children’s reading and arithmetic scores. Additionally, the chapter highlights the critical role of partnerships at various levels of government, as well as community engagement, including parents and volunteers. Essential elements to Pratham’s success have been the focus on raising awareness of the problem and demonstrating simple and actionable solutions.
The Changing World of Program Design, Implementation, and Evaluation in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Bamberger Michael , York Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the present and potential contribution of big data and data science to strengthening the evaluation of social programs. The authors identify and define three main types of big data: (1) personal data generated by individuals and groups, (2) organizational and systems data, and (3) geospatial data. Each of these data sources has different applications for development programs, and the authors discuss the role of these data in program design, delivery, sustainability, and evaluation. The authors discuss how big data is transforming the nature of evaluation, and provide examples of current applications of such data, including the ability to evaluate complex programs and the application of artificial intelligence to construct “natural experiments.” The challenges of the transition to the world of big data are discussed, including the transition from the familiar evaluation ecosystem to the significantly different data science ecosystem.
Important Concepts Affecting Program Design, Management, and Evaluation, but That Are Frequently Ignored
Authors: Bamberger Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses some important concepts in program design, management, and evaluation that are frequently ignored or are not adequately addressed. These concepts include the lack of complexity-responsive evaluation methodologies and the failure to recognize and address the challenges of emergence, the inability of many widely used evaluation designs to identify unintended program outcomes, differential impacts of many program outcomes for women and men, and social exclusion and the need to give voice to vulnerable groups. Failure to address these issues can have serious consequences, particularly with regard to equity, gender equality, and the guiding principle of “do no harm.” The chapter concludes with recommendations on how these cross-cutting concepts can be addressed. The chapter draws on experience related to the evaluation of projects, programs, and policies in developing countries, but most of the lessons and issues are also relevant for industrialized nations.
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Identify Barriers and Facilitators to Primary Care Practices’ Implementation of a Diabetes Registry
Authors: Crosson Jesse C. , Keith Rosalind E. , Gonzalez Martha M. , Sabo Roy T. , Etz Rebecca S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Diabetes registries are an evidence-based approach to tracking and monitoring the care needs of patients with diabetes in order to intensify treatment when needed. The authors of this chapter conducted a randomized trial of a low-cost approach to supporting diabetes registry implementation in primary care practices, the Supporting Practices to Adopt Registry-Based Care (SPARC) study. While the approach effectively supported registry implementation when compared to a control condition, success varied across the 16 intervention practices. The authors conducted a multi-method implementation study to identify reasons for this variation. They coded qualitative data using constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and then used analytic matrices for cross-case and individual case study analyses of successful and unsuccessful implementers. Use of CFIR supported identification of important barriers and facilitators to implementation as well as relationships between these factors. This approach can inform others using implementation science methods to evaluate evidence-based organizational change initiatives.
The American Assumption
Authors: Hunter Marcus Anthony 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
While the power of the American Dream persists, in Black Reconstruction in America 1860–1880, W. E. B. Du Bois challenges the historicity of the concept by detailing a profoundly different origin story. Du Bois details an alternative history placing the American Dream as a mid-twentieth-century invention and outgrowth of the Great Depression. Rather than a founding premise, in Du Bois’s rendering of the American Dream, it is nothing more than a derivative of what he terms the “American Assumption.” With great historical specificity, Du Bois proves that the American Dream is intentionally devoid of the context of enslavement, land dispossession, and the events preceding and following the Civil War and Reconstruction. This essay combines key passages in Black Reconstruction with sociobiographical context to excavate key Du Boisian contributions to the sociology of knowledge, poverty, mobility, and inequality through the dissection of the American Dream mythology.
Ardent Moral Realism and the Value-Laden World
Authors: FitzPatrick William J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter aims to shed light on what is ultimately at stake in debates over moral realism by examining a particularly ambitious form of it, which we’ll call “ardent moral realism.” On this view, the world is robustly value-laden such that it objectively favors certain ways of valuing and acting over others, where this favoring involves categorical moral normativity. An interesting recent challenge seeks to cast doubt on the very coherence of such a view. In exploring that challenge and how it might be answered we can gain insight into the motivation behind ardent moral realism, the reasons why it needs to take on (what are usually considered to be) non-naturalistic commitments, and what exactly those commitments amount to. At the heart of the view, setting it apart from most rival forms of realism, is a commitment to the irreducibly evaluative or normative nature of certain elements of the world.
Moral Realism and Objectivity
Authors: Svavarsdóttir Sigrún 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chapter argues that to do justice to questions of objectivity that arise within and about moral discourse, we must take into account that this discourse is embedded within a somewhat conventionally regimented practice that comprises attempts to guide attitude and action by way of justifying, criticizing, validating, or excusing them. The appropriate condition of objectivity rules out a specific narrow kind of response-dependence that would run counter to this kind of guiding role for moral verdicts. The relevant condition is identified (the discourse- and practice-independence condition or, for short, the DP-independence condition). This condition goes beyond the so-called minimal realist theses: (i) that moral sentences are truth-evaluable and (ii) that some of them are true, thanks to how reality is. If it is to be a viable metaethical position, moral realism needs to commit also to the DP-independence of the facts within the domain of moral discourse.
Deflationary Metaethics
Authors: Horwich Paul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter will sympathetically explore a Wittgenstein-inspired view of morality—one that combines recognition of the non-natural character of basic moral concepts (such as OUGHT), the existence of moral facts, and the dim prospects for moral knowledge. This perspective will derive from applying, to ethical (= moral) discourse, his deflationism about TRUTH and FACT, his conception of meaning as “use,” his conservative, antitheoretical, “quietist” metaphilosophy, his pragmatist view of language as a useful multipurpose instrument, and his pluralistic appreciation of the variety of functions, types of concept, and norms of belief that this instrument needs to encompass.
Moral Anti-Exceptionalism
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter defends an anti-exceptionalist realist approach to the normative, on which it requires no special treatment in metaphysics, epistemology, or semantics. It works within a standard intensional framework, where necessarily coextensive predicates express the same property. Thus a normative predicate and a non-normative one may express the same property, independently of any reductive naturalism. In particular, it explains how the antirealist arguments of Sharon Street’s “A Darwinian Dilemma for Realist Theories of Value” and Jonas Olson’s Moral Error Theory fail in this framework. The final part discusses various properties expressible by “good,” why treating some of them as parochial does not imply antirealism, and how the isolating a property of more universal interest creates no special problems for realism.
Can a Moral Judgment Be Moorean?
Authors: Lycan William G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
G. E. Moore claimed to refute versions of idealism and skepticism by citing plain truths of “common sense,” such as that he had his breakfast before he had lunch, or that he has hands. Assuming arguendo that he succeeded against at least some of his opponents, are there moral judgments that can similarly overturn one or more varieties of moral antirealism? This chapter argues that if Moore did ever succeed, parallel appeals to commonsense moral judgments would refute moral “error” theories such as those of Mackie and Garner, and “revisionary” moral fictionalisms that are based on error theories. But they would have no power vs. emotivist, prescriptivist, or “quasi-realist” metaethics.
The Explanatory Roles of Moral Facts and the Case for Moral Realism
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The fact that a fan is running can explain why there is a draft. Explanatory power of this kind is generally taken to support realism regarding the facts and properties in question. Mathematical objects and properties, however, unlike fans, are neither in the causal order nor explanatory in the way a fan’s running is. Nonetheless, it is commonly thought that mathematical facts, such as theorems in arithmetic and geometry, play essential roles in scientific explanations and that this wider explanatory power supports realism regarding mathematical objects and properties. Do purported moral facts have comparable explanatory power (if any)? This chapter explores several kinds of explanatory roles that mathematical facts and (purported) moral facts may play. In the light of what emerges from analysis of some important cases, the chapter shows how moral realism, both about moral properties and about particular moral facts, is supportable in ways that draw on an analogy between the explanatory roles of moral facts and counterpart roles played by both certain mathematical facts and certain natural facts in the physical realm.
Nuclear Security
Authors: Hobbs Christopher , Tzinieris Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces what is an important but relatively new area of international security: the protection of nuclear weapons, nuclear and radioactive materials in civil use, and their associated infrastructure and assets. It traces the development of the concept of nuclear security since the beginning of the atomic age and discusses key events and changes in nuclear threat perceptions and political priorities over the subsequent decades that spurred the development of new physical, organizational, regulatory, and international measures to address them. The purpose of the chapter is to set the scene for the overall volume, highlighting key initiatives and aspects of nuclear security explored in later chapters and setting out the book’s constituent sections. It also outlines the approach and objectives of The Oxford Handbook of Nuclear Security, which is primarily a resource designed to provide a comprehensive examination of nuclear security—achieved by taking a multidisciplinary approach to exploring its different dimensions and through inviting a multitude of international perspectives.
Island Tourism and Archaeology
Authors: Baldacchino Godfrey , Vella Nicholas C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Tourists may be especially drawn to islands because of factors like physical separation, cultural differences, attractive climate and environment, and political autonomy. Archaeology adds depth to these. The chapter reviews the contribution of archaeology to island tourism, while warning against some of the incorrect but enduring idiosyncrasies of islands (and islanders), such as their presumed tropical location, isolation and distinct personality. Even though tourism has been an economic boon for many islands, the scorecard also points to various disturbing trends, like the overzealous reconstruction of monuments, environmental degradation, and the consequences of climate change and sea-level rise.
Introduction
Authors: Lloyd-Richardson Elizabeth E. , Baetens Imke , Whitlock Janis L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the notion of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). NSSI encompasses a wide variety of behaviors including but not limited to carving or cutting of the skin and subdermal tissue, scratching, and burning. NSSI became an indelible part of the mental health landscape in populations of all types. Moreover, NSSI occurs across cultures, geography, and population which eventually became a leading signal for suicide risk. The chapter looks into Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and a transdiagnostic perspective at the levels of conceptualization, therapeutic assessment, intervention, and treatment as per the Research Domain Criteria. It considers case vignettes and summaries of implications for research, clinical practice, and intervention.
NSSI in the DSM-5
Authors: Lengel Greg , Ammerman Brooke A. , Washburn Jason 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Since the proposal for an NSSI disorder (NSSI-D) in DSM-5, there has been an expanding literature exploring the reliability, validity, and utility of NSSI-D and its proposed criteria. This chapter aims to identify NSSI features that may advance the construct from a behavior subordinated within other mental disorders to an independent diagnosis, and examines historical conceptualizations of NSSI as a clinical behavior and discrete syndrome, the initial proposal to include NSSI-D in DSM-5 and recent and future directions for NSSI-D. The chapter also identifies NSSI features that differentiate the construct from related diagnoses and behaviors (e.g., borderline personality disorder), explores challenges with the current NSSI-D criteria and its categorization in the diagnostic manual, and summarizes arguments for and against NSSI-D.
Language-Processing Experiments in the Field
Authors: Wagers Matthew , Chung Sandra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the circumstances and opportunities that arise when doing language processing experiments in the field. We focus on how resource and cultural challenges can shape the design of experiments. Because of the diversity of small-language communities, we avoid generalizing very broadly and instead draw principally on our own experiences working with the Chamorro community in the Northern Marianas Islands.
The Future of Experimental Syntax
Authors: Almeida Diogo , Breen Mara , Brennan Jonathan R. , Carlson Katy , Chung Sandra , Culbertson Jennifer , Cunnings Ian , Dillon Brian , Foraker Stephani , Hunter Tim , Kaiser Elsi , Kush Dave , Lidz Jeffrey L. , Matchin William , Pearl Lisa S. , Perkins Laurel , Polinsky Maria , Rogalsky Corianne , Runner Jeffrey , Sprouse Jon , Syrett Kristen , Szendrői Kriszta Eszter , Wagers Matthew , Yoshida Masaya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this concluding chapter of the handbook, each contributor has written a 500 word mini-essay presenting their view of the future of experimental syntax, from the important theoretical questions on the horizon, to the methodological challenges that experimental syntacticians need to solve to answer those questions. The hope is that this final chapter will serve both as concrete inspiration for future studies in experimental syntax and as a benchmark for measuring the success of the field in the years to come.
Modeling syntactic acquisition
Authors: Pearl Lisa S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Informative computational modeling can be an invaluable tool for understanding syntactic acquisition. In this chapter, I describe how modeling can be used to both formalize specific proposals about syntactic acquisition and empirically evaluate those proposals. I then review several approaches to a key aspect of a model’s inference process: how the modeled learner updates the underlying representations, based on the data encountered. I survey several syntactic acquisition models (both parametric and non-parametric), highlighting the importance of the modeled learner’s assumptions in each case, and conclude with exciting future possibilities in syntactic acquisition modeling.
Scribes, Compositors, Correctors
Authors: Atkin Tamara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the roles of scribes, compositors, and correctors, as discussed in the prefatory materials produced by authors and publishers across the Short Title Catalogue (STC) period. Taking each of these roles in turn, it shows how the errors and mistakes recorded in such preliminaries correct the ideal but unrealistic accounts of the process of print production in early printing manuals like Joseph Moxon’s Mechanick exercises (London, 1683) and Hieronymous Hornschuch’s Orthotypographia (Leipzig, 1608) and in so doing emphasizes the inconstant, highly variable nature of the printed book. Far from offering what Elizabeth Eisenstein famously described as ‘typographical fixity’, printed books often draw attention to their typographical instability in ways that somehow also recuperate the ‘work’, the immaterial text, from the material circumstances of its transmission.
Publishing Virginia (1608–1615)
Authors: Melnikoff Kirk 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the various ways in which England’s colonization of Virginia in the first decades of the seventeenth century was in part energized by the London book trade. Distributed across the country by booksellers of all sorts, first-hand accounts piqued interest, pamphlet edicts flouted apprehensions, and printed sermons recast the endeavour along religious and nationalist lines. Printed ephemera such as bills of adventure, lottery receipts, and position advertisements streamlined the Virginia Company’s administrative work and fundraising efforts. The process by which this material was acquired, printed, and disseminated was in almost every case collaborative, and it was prompted as much by writers, compilers, and translators as by book-trade publishers.
‘A Gifte of good Moment’
Authors: Lyons Tara L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This essay offers a new assessment of the London Stationers’ Company and their 1610 agreement with the Bodleian Library. Manuscript documents in Bodleian Library Records show that London publishers were a vital part of building the Oxford library’s holdings through their many ‘gifts’ of books and services to the library. While earlier scholars have studied the agreement for evidence of why it failed in the seventeenth century, this essay considers to what extent it succeeded. A fresh look at the evidence challenges received wisdom that pits the ‘averse’, ‘parsimonious’, and ‘recalcitrant’ Stationers against the noble Sir Thomas Bodley and his library’s commitment to educational advancement. By highlighting the Stationers’ acts of generosity, this essay reveals the significance of gift-exchange in forging bonds between company and library, two burgeoning institutions of the book in the seventeenth century.
Translingual and Multilingual Print
Authors: Coldiron A. E. B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Translingual and multilingual printing not only registered but also cultivated early modern English readers’ encounters with alterity. Significant, variable multilingual printing in England began with William Caxton, England’s first printer, and flourished through the early print period; it was necessarily connected with a flourishing translation praxis. Multilingual printing, like translation, often served certain larger cultural agendas (such as improving English literary culture; claiming ancient heritage; celebrating key political moments in a pseudo-universalizing way). While many printers in England imitated Continental conventions of multilingual printing, some also developed particular modes suited to special English contexts, including John Day and ‘cultural amphibians’ like Caxton, John Wolfe, and Richard Field. Strategies of mise-en-page and typography, such as type distinction and type assignment, guided readers’ encounters with foreign materials, as the chapter demonstrates in a gallery of ten wide-ranging examples and a broader survey of multilingual genres and kinds.