bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating Rayleigh-Taylor induced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in prominences
Authors: Changmai M. , Jenkins J. M. , Durrive J. B. , Keppens R. 
Published: February 2023

Aims.Solar prominences are large-scale condensations suspended against gravity within the solar atmosphere. The Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is proposed to be one of the fundamental processes that lead to the generation of dynamics at many spatial and temporal scales within these long-lived, cool, and dense structures, which are located in the solar corona. We aim to study such turbulent processes using high-resolution, direct numerical simulations of solar prominences.Methods.We ran 2.5D ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with the open-sourceMPI-AMRVACcode far into the nonlinear evolution of an RT instability perturbed at the prominence-corona interface. Our simulation achieves a resolution down to ∼23 km on a 2D (x, y) domain of size 30 Mm × 30 Mm. We followed the instability transitioning from a multimode linear perturbation to its nonlinear, fully turbulent state. Over the succeeding ∼25 min period, we performed a statistical analysis of the prominence at a cadence of ∼0.858 s.Results.We find that the dominant guiding component,Bz, induces coherent structure formation predominantly in the vertical velocity component,Vy, consistent with observations, indicating an anisotropic turbulence state within our prominence. We find power-law scalings in the inertial range for the velocity, magnetic, and temperature fields. The presence of intermittency is evident from the probability density functions of the field fluctuations, which depart from Gaussianity as we consider smaller and smaller scales. In exact agreement, the higher-order structure functions quantify the multi-fractality, as do different scale characteristics and the behavior between the longitudinal and transverse directions. Thus, the statistics remain consistent with conclusions from previous observational studies, enabling us to directly relate the RT instability to the turbulent characteristics found within quiescent prominences.
Disk fragmentation around a massive protostar: Comparison of two 3D codes
Authors: Mignon-Risse R. , Oliva A. , González M. , Kuiper R. , Commerçon B. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Most massive stars are located in multiple stellar systems. The modeling of disk fragmentation, a mechanism that may plausibly lead to stellar multiplicity, relies on parallel 3D simulation codes whose agreement remains to be evaluated.
Aims. Cartesian adaptive-mesh refinement (AMR) and spherical codes have frequently been used in the past decade to study massive star formation. We aim to study how the details of collapse and disk fragmentation depend on these codes.
Methods. Using the Cartesian AMR code RAMSES within its self-gravity radiation-hydrodynamical framework, we compared disk fragmentation in a centrally condensed protostellar system to the findings of earlier studies performed on a grid in spherical coordinates using PLUTO.
Results. To perform the code comparison, two RAMSES runs were considered, effectively giving qualitatively distinct pictures. On the one hand, when allowing for unlimited sink particle creation with no initial sink, Toomre instability and subsequent gas fragmentation leads to a multiple stellar system whose multiplicity is affected by the grid when triggering fragmentation and via numerically assisted mergers. On the other hand, using a unique, central, fixed-sink particle, a centrally-condensed system forms that is similar to that reported by PLUTO. Hence, the RAMSES-PLUTO comparison was performed with the latter and an agreement between the two codes is found as to the first rotationally supported disk formation, the presence of an accretion shock onto it, and the first fragmentation phase. Gaseous fragments form. The properties of the fragments (i.e., number, mass, and temperature) are dictated by local thermodynamics and are in agreement between the two codes given that the system has entered a highly nonlinear phase. Over the simulations, the stellar accretion rate is made of accretion bursts and continuous accretion on the same order of magnitude. As a minor difference between both codes, the dynamics of the fragments causes the disk structure to be sub-Keplerian in RAMSES, whereas it is found to be Keplerian, thus reaching quiescence, in PLUTO. We attribute this discrepancy to the central star being twice less massive in RAMSES because of the different stellar accretion subgrid models in use - rather than the potential grid effects.
Conclusions. In a centrally condensed system, the agreement between RAMSES and PLUTO regarding many of the collapse properties and fragmentation process is good. In contrast, fragmentation occurring in the innermost region and given specific numerical choices (use of sink particles, grid, etc.) have a crucial impact when similar but smooth initial conditions are employed. These aspects prove more crucial than the choice of code, with regard to the system being multiple or centrally condensed.
Spectroscopic and interferometric signatures of magnetospheric accretion in young stars
Authors: Tessore B. , Soulain A. , Pantolmos G. , Bouvier J. , Pinte C. , Perraut K. 
Published: February 2023

Aims.We aim to assess the complementarity between spectroscopic and interferometric observations in the characterisation of the inner star-disc interaction region of young stars.Methods.We used the MCFOST code to solve the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium problem of line formation in non-axisymmetric accreting magnetospheres. We computed the Brγline profile originating from accretion columns for models with different magnetic obliquities. We also derived monochromatic synthetic images of the Brγline-emitting region across the line profile. This spectral line is a prime diagnostic of magnetospheric accretion in young stars and is accessible with the long baseline near-infrared interferometer GRAVITY installed at the ESO Very Large Telescope Interferometer.Results.We derive Brγline profiles as a function of rotational phase and compute interferometric observables, visibilities, and phases, from synthetic images. The line profile shape is modulated along the rotational cycle, exhibiting inverse P Cygni profiles at the time the accretion shock faces the observer. The size of the line’s emission region decreases as the magnetic obliquity increases, which is reflected in a lower line flux. We apply interferometric models to the synthetic visibilities in order to derive the size of the line-emitting region. We find the derived interferometric size to be more compact than the actual size of the magnetosphere, ranging from 50 to 90% of the truncation radius. Additionally, we show that the rotation of the non-axisymmetric magnetosphere is recovered from the rotational modulation of the Brγ-to-continuum photo-centre shifts, as measured by the differential phase of interferometric visibilities.Conclusions.Based on the radiative transfer modelling of non-axisymmetric accreting magnetospheres, we show that simultaneous spectroscopic and interferometric measurements provide a unique diagnostic to determine the origin of the Brγline emitted by young stellar objects and are ideal tools to probe the structure and dynamics of the star-disc interaction region.
Factors affecting the deformation of facing elements for MSE wall design
Authors: Al Abbady Mohamed , Bahr Mohamed , Fouad Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

The deformation of the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls is one of the key factors which control the design of the MSE walls. In many practical cases, the size of facing panels concrete bedding is increased for high MSE walls. In the present study the effect of the dimensions and stiffness properties of the facing panels concrete bedding on the deformation of the facing elements and the axial forces developed in the geogrid reinforcements are analysed and discussed.
The study has been conducted using a finite element analysis Plaxis-2D. The used model has been verified with data attested in the references, [1]. The geometry of model consists of MSE wall with precast concrete facing panels to support reinforced soil zone.
The results shed the light on the influence of the dimensions and stiffness properties of facing panels concrete bedding on the deformation of the MSE facing panels. The results showed that for the cases considered in the study, increasing the width dimension of facing panels concrete bedding will decrease the deformations of the facing elements without significant changes in the axial forces developed in the geogrid reinforcing elements.
Use of Bituminous Geomembrane (BGM) to Waterproof Large Canals
Authors: Breul Bertrand , Llinas Pau 
Published: February 2023

Bituminous geomembranes (BGM) collaborate in the global challenge of improving water resources management by waterproofing hydraulic works. BGMs are multi-layered composite geomembranes with each of the components providing a technical benefit on large canals projects. These technical advantages include: A very low Manning coefficient for efficient water flow, extreme puncture resistance, which allows rapid deployment on rougher subgrades and permits many types of cover directly on top, excellent resistance to wind uplift due to their high surface mass, meaning installation can be done in strong winds up to 40 km/h. BGMs also have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion and do not wrinkle with changes in temperature like other polymeric membranes do. This is particularly useful in high heat projects when geomembrane is left exposed, providing a more secure project in the long run with less risk of wrinkle-induced cracks and failures.
To illustrate this, this presentation will describe the composite structure of bituminous geomembranes and will explain its main advantages in the hydraulic field. All these will be presented with the description of test results in different types of large width canals: Canals for irrigation: in France, for the waterproofing of the Canal de Provence; in India, where the Maharashtra state decided to replace original concrete for a geomembrane lining system in Pench Canal. Navigable canals: in France where VNF (French Waterways) chose the BGM for waterproofing the repairs of its canals. A work near Montargis will be presented as well as waterways in England (Lancaster Canal) and Canada (Chambly Canal). Finally, hydroelectric power canals will be also described: at the Sankt Dyonisen power plant in the Alps in Austria and the Cumpeo power plant in the Maule region in Chile.
NPA Cells in the Marine Environment
Authors: Blatman Eyal 
Published: February 2023

Novel Polymeric Alloy (NPA) cells are a cellular confinement system with the engineering properties required by international standards for long-term confinement in demanding infrastructure projects. Three-dimensional NPA cells are used as a cover protection system against channel, stream and shoreline erosion caused by flowing water and tractive forces. NPA cells enhance the performance of conventional erosion control materials and dissipate energy from flood, current and wave action for hydraulic and marine structures and are a best available technique for canals, channels, drainage, shorelines, riverbanks, sea-walls, dams and port infrastructure.
Soft or hard armor is used to optimize the erosion protection for natural or man-made channels, hydraulic structures and barriers. The surface treatment is dependent upon the geometry, hydraulic, site and environmental conditions along the water course, as well as optimization and cost-efficiencies. For example, sand infill is used for beachfront erosion control, vegetation for riverbank protection, gravel in sites subject to moderate flow velocities and concrete hard-armor in high velocity channels and walls subject to wave action. Reinforcement of load support structures in port applications can use sand, granular or recycled materials.
Whereas the suitability of a cellular confinement system is directly dependent on the key attributes of the cell as well as its geometry, cells made of Novel Polymeric Alloy (NPA) have measurable higher tensile strength, resistance to deformation and environmental durability to hydraulic forces and thermal cycling over the project lifespan than conventional HDPE-based soft-cells. This includes high resistance to photochemical degradation – leaching of additives, oxidation and UV light – to preserve confinement for the lifespan of the project.
Concrete solutions in non-erodible canals and walls are particularly advantageous with NPA cells. While the cellular mattress eliminates form work for fast construction, NPA cells add high tensile strength to the concrete. The creates a strong yet flexible mattress, which absorbs hydraulic forces and ground movement and resists cracking of the concrete for improved surface durability. Additionally, the high reinforcement factor of the NPA system also enables a reduction in concrete thickness to improve cost-effectiveness and sustainability. These properties also make NPA cells suitable to load support pavements used in marine ports, wharfs, terminals and container yards situated on soft, compressible and saturated soils, using sand for structural infill with no loss in structural stability.
Peut-on affranchir la recherche biomédicale du modèle managérial ?
Authors: Gautron Laurent 
Published: February 2023

L’article de Romain Brette, récemment publié dans médecine/sciences, décrivait le modèle managérial de la recherche biomédicale comme « profondément dysfonctionnel ». Nous souscrivons à cette critique et apportons dans ce nouvel article, des éléments de réflexion complémentaires quant à la légitimité du modèle managérial. Nous soulevons en outre la question de la possibilité de s’affranchir de ce modèle, à la faveur d’un « laboratoire antibureaucratique », un environnement au sein duquel la prise de décision reposerait sur les motivations intrinsèques du chercheur plutôt que sur la nécessité de rentrer dans le moule des critères appliqués par des comités d’évaluation. Il est également argumenté que l’avènement du « laboratoire antibureaucratique » serait favorisé par la création d’agences de financement qui seraient pluralistes. Il est également prédit que la recherche biomédicale ne sera sauvée qu’au prix d’une (r)évolution des mentalités de tous les acteurs de la recherche.
Kriterien zur Evaluation des Ansprechens auf Biologika bei schwerem Asthma – der Biologics Asthma Response Score (BARS)
Authors: Milger Katrin , Korn Stephanie , Feder Claudia , Fuge Jan , Mühle Andreas , Schütte Wolfgang , Skowasch Dirk , Timmermann Hartmut , Suhling Hendrik 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Einführung monoklonaler Antikörper (Biologika) hat die Therapie des schweren Asthmas revolutioniert. Auch wenn die Mehrheit der Patienten ein Ansprechen zeigt, kann dieses unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sein. Bislang sind Kriterien zur Beurteilung des Ansprechens auf Biologika nicht einheitlich definiert.
Ziel Definition von konkreten, einfachen und praxistauglichen Kriterien zur Bewertung des Ansprechens auf Biologika bei Patienten mit schwerem Asthma, um eine Entscheidungshilfe bzgl. Fortführung, Umstellung oder Beendigung der Therapie zu geben.
Methoden 8 Ärztinnen und Ärzte mit umfangreicher Erfahrung in dieser Indikation, unterstützt durch einen Data Scientist, erarbeiteten einen Experten-Konsens hinsichtlich Kriterien zur Evaluation des Ansprechens auf Biologika-Therapien bei Patienten mit schwerem Asthma.
Ergebnis Auf Basis aktueller Literatur, eigener Erfahrungen und Praktikabilität wurde ein kombinierter Score entwickelt. Dieser berücksichtigt als Hauptkriterien Exazerbationen, Dauertherapie mit oralen Steroiden (OCS) und Asthmakontrolle (Asthma Control Test, ACT). Schwellenwerte für die Einschätzung „gutes Ansprechen“, „Ansprechen“ und „unzureichendes Ansprechen“ wurden definiert und mit „2“, „1“ bzw. „0“ Punkten bewertet: jährliche Exazerbationen („0 oder Reduktion ≥ 75 %“, „Reduktion 50–74 %“, „Reduktion < 50 %“), Tagesdosis OCS („Absetzen oder Reduktion ≥ 75 %“, „Reduktion 50–74 %“, „Reduktion < 50 %“), Asthmakontrolle („ACT Anstieg ≥ 6 oder ≥ 3 mit Endwert ≥ 20“, „ACT Anstieg 3–5 mit Endwert < 20“, „ACT Anstieg < 3“). Zusätzliche individuelle Kriterien, wie Lungenfunktion und Komorbiditäten, können für die Bewertung des Therapieansprechens wichtig sein. Verträglichkeit und Ansprechen sollten nach 3, 6 und 12 Monaten erfasst werden. Anhand des Scores wurde ein praxisnahes Schema für die Entscheidung erarbeitet, ob ein Wechsel des Biologikums erwogen werden sollte.
Schlussfolgerung Der Biologics Asthma Response Score dient zur objektiven und einfachen Einschätzung des Ansprechens auf Therapie mit Biologikum auf Grundlage einer strukturierten Bewertung der drei Hauptkriterien Exazerbationen, oraler Steroidverbrauch und Asthmakontrolle. Eine Validierung des Scores wurde initiiert.
1.9 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Carboxylation Using Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Fujihara T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is the final product of hydrocarbon oxidation and is thermodynamically and kinetically stable. Therefore, efforts to find methods to activate and reuse this material under mild reaction conditions are required. To achieve efficient conversion, one solution is the use of transition-metal catalysts. This chapter reviews the process of catalytic carboxylation with carbon dioxide via carbon–carbon bond formation involving base-metal complexes (copper, nickel, and cobalt) as catalysts. These reactions are organized based on the metal used, and the reactions using each metal are classified according to substrate and reaction pattern.
1.10 Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions
Authors: Shu X.-Z. , Pang X. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling has become a powerful tool for the construction of molecules. These new bond-forming reactions bypass the requirement for the handling of organometallic reagents and are selectively orthogonal to classic cross couplings. This chapter provides a brief review of the achievements in this field. Selected methods for C—C coupling with a variety of reacting partners are presented. In addition to transformations involving a metal reductant, representative examples of nickel metallaphotocatalysis and electrochemical nickel catalysis are also discussed. Finally, expansion of this chemistry to the reactions of heavier group 14 electrophiles is described.
Polymer photosensitizing systems containing porphyrins, dinitrosyl iron complexes, and sodium alginate in the generation of singlet oxygen
Authors: Sadykova O V , Aksenova N A , Glagolev N N , Vanin A F , Shekhter A B , Fayzullin A l , Dubovik A S , Plashchina I G , Solovieva A B , Timashev P S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The activity of photosensitizing systems based on water-soluble photoditazine (PDZ) and hydrophobic fluorinated tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPF20) solubilized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (in the case PDZ) and pluronic F127 (in the case TPPF20) was studied in a model reaction of tryptophan (Trp) photooxidation. We also studied the effect of dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) and sodium alginate (SA) polysaccharide on the photosensitizing activity of both PDZ in the presence of PVP and TPPF20 solubilized with pluronic F127 in a model reaction of Trp photooxidation. It was shown that TPPF20 solubilized with pluronic F127 exhibits high photocatalytic activity in the presence of both DNIC and SA. It was also shown that PVP is able to prevent the damaging effect exerted by active NO radicals produced during the photodecomposition of DNIC on PDZ molecules. Moreover, it was demonstrated that SA does not influence the photocatalytic activity of PDZ in the presence and absence of PVP. Using the dynamic light scattering method, it was found that SA macromolecules in the presence of PVP are capable of self-association, which, due to the ‘excluded volume’ effect, can cause a slight increase in the rate of photocatalytic reaction. The effectiveness of using PDZ in combination with PVP in the presence of SA and DNIC as a photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was studied via in vivo experiments on a model of a full-layer planar wound in laboratory rats. Morphological studies have shown that under photodynamic action on wounds, the use of these systems (compared to photoexcitation of an aqueous solution of the initial PDZ) stimulates the transition of the inflammatory phase to the reparative (proliferative) phase. In addition, the process of cleansing wounds from microflora and devitalized tissues is accelerated, the disturbed microcirculation is restored, the proliferation of fibroblasts and blood vessels, and collagen synthesis are accelerated. It is suggested that the PDZ-PVP-SA-DNIC systems can be used in PDT procedures for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues.
Spatial mode analysis of optical beams carrying monstar disclinations
Authors: Vicuña-Hernández Verónica , Cardano Filippo , Darvehi Pegah , Marrucci Lorenzo , Rubano Andrea , Piccirillo Bruno 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Asymmetric polarization disclinations, such as monstars, can be generated in two distinct ways: (a) by an inseparable superposition of three spatial modes bearing optical vortices with circular polarization states; (b) by using a modulated Poincaré beam, consisting of an inseparable superposition of a circularly-polarized fundamental Gaussian beam TEM00 and a second beam exhibiting an azimuthally-modulated vortex with an m-fold rotational symmetry and the opposite circular polarization. Based on the analysis of the spatial modes indirectly involved into the superposition through the latter method, we investigate its capability of spanning as many disclinations as possible, as well as its capability of enabling effective predictions about the generated patterns, such as relevant geometric features, already at the design stage.
On 𝑞-analogue of Euler–Stieltjes constants
Authors: Chatterjee Tapas , Garg Sonam 
Published: February 2023

Kurokawa and Wakayama [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 132 (2004), pp. 935–943] defined a

q
q

-analogue of the Euler constant and proved the irrationality of certain numbers involving

q
q

-Euler constant. In this paper, we improve their results and prove the linear independence result involving

q
q

-analogue of the Euler constant. Further, we derive the closed-form of a

q
q

-analogue of the

k
k

-th Stieltjes constant

γ
k

(
q
)

\gamma _k(q)

. These constants are the coefficients in the Laurent series expansion of a

q
q

-analogue of the Riemann zeta function around

s
=
1

s=1

. Using a result of Nesterenko [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 322 (1996), pp. 909–914], we also settle down a question of Erdős regarding the arithmetic nature of the infinite series

∑

n
≥
1

σ
1

(
n
)

/

t
n

\sum _{n\geq 1}{\sigma _1(n)}/{t^n}

for any integer

t
>
1

t > 1

. Finally, we study the transcendence nature of some infinite series involving

γ
1

(
2
)

\gamma _1(2)

.