bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female Perception of Cohabitation and Marriage in Metropolitan Arequipa
Authors: Torres Flor Analucía , Cerellino Cernades Lila , Rivera Renzo 
Published: March 2023

Background: During the last decades in Peru there have been greater demographic changes, like the remarkable increase in the number of cohabitating couples and the decrease of married ones. Therefore, this study aims to describe the perception of cohabitation and marriage between women in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Methods: 764 women between 18 and 66 years of age were randomly selected according to their socioeconomic level and they were surveyed with a questionnaire about cohabitation and marriage perception. The results indicated that the majority of evaluated women considered marriage important (82.5) because it is the most appropriate way to start living as a couple (35.2%) and it is a legally recognized institution (31.3%), among other reasons. Furthermore, the majority of women do not consider cohabitation as more convenient than getting married (65.8%) and mostly reported that cohabitation is a type of relationship in which members mutually support each other (97.5%), that is exclusive between two people (97%) and in which expenses and duties are shared (95.9%). Conclusion: For a great percentage of cohabiters and single women from the sample, marriage is important. The majority of women do not consider cohabitation more convenient than getting married. The women that considered cohabitation more convenient, pointed two main reasons: knowing if the couple is getting along and knowing the couple well. Less than the 10% of these women believe that cohabitation is a step prior to marriage. Regarding the perception of marriage compared to cohabitation, for the vast majority of women, the perception of cohabitation is similar to the characteristics of marriage.
Implementation of the Bilingual Model in Primary, Middle and High School Levels
Authors: Menshikova Irina P. , Teplov Dmitry V. , Volkov Аndrey I. , Mayorova Еlena Е. , Gerasimova Еlena L. , Sidorova Svetlana F. , Shipareva Кseniya V. 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of bilingual education, taking into account the methodological and organizational issues. The methodological issues include the issues of goal setting, teaching principles and selected methods and pedagogical technologies. The correlation of disciplines in the curriculum, as well as the problems of educational and methodological support for bilingual study of individual disciplines can be considered as issues of organizational nature. The analysis of the problem field of research shows that the prevailing processes of globalization and digitalization of society lead to changes in the requirements to the types and level of development of professional and universal competences of graduates at all levels of education. In Russia, as in many countries, there is a growing demand for bachelor’s and master’s degree programs in English and, accordingly, for bilingual education in schools and colleges with active use of English. The novelty of the work lies in the description of the real experience of modernization of the educational process in the educational institution in the implementation of the bilingual model of learning in both primary and basic and secondary general education. Research methodology and methods: in writing the article the methods of induction and deduction, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis of information, the analysis of various forms of questionnaire survey were used.
The least squares method in estimating the accuracy of surface air temperature projections based on ensembles of regional climate models
Authors: Krakovskа S.V. , Palamarchuk L.V. , Аzarov Ye.L. , Chyharеvа А.Yu. , Shpytаl Т.М. 
Published: March 2023

The study is devoted to the search for the optimal methodical approach for bias correction of surface air temperature from real climatic indicators for the territory of Ukraine, obtained in the projections of ensembles of regional climate models (RCM) based on the use of regression analysis, namely the least squares method (LSM) with various options of its application. The procedure included: searching for weight coefficients of linear regression equations to minimize the deviation of the forecast from the observations for each model and each grid node of the 10 RCM for two climatic periods 1961—1990 and 1991—2010; obtaining, on the basis of equations with established coefficients, the averaged errors of ensembles of models for various variants of LSM application; and determining the limits of the application of such methodical approaches to the formation of an optimal ensemble.
Among all options for using forecasting functions, it was found that the most accurate was the option of applying LSM to differences (shifts) in values between periods when one uses monthly values of the climate indicator. In general, the use of monthly values showed the best approximation of the model data to the observation data used from the E-OBS database.
It was found that in a certain period the approximation of the LSM is significantly better than the average, but the advantage is lost if the obtained weighting factors are used in another period. For further use, the proposed approach can be modernized in the direction of more detailed clustering in time and space, which will allow adjusting the model data even closer to the observed ones. However, our results make us doubt the feasibility of applying such an approach to the forecast of climate fields, since they are not stationary and can significantly transform over time. In this case, arithmetic averaging and averaging of shifts or the delta method remain the optimal choice for forming a prognostic ensemble of RCM.
Geotraverse «Granite—Odesa—Kryvyi Rih—Pereschepine
Authors: Pigulevskiy P.I. 
Published: March 2023

The article examines the results of research carried out by the methods of reflected waves and common depth point (MRW-CDP) on the «Granit» geotraverse, which crosses the whole of Ukraine from the southwest to the northeast and passes through the territories of Odesa, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Kharkiv regions, west of Belgorod region of Russia. In structural and tectonic terms, the geotraverse crosses large geological structures: the marginal part of the Scythian Plate (SP), the Ukrainian Shield (USH), the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin (DDB) and the southern slope of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif (VCM).
The analysis of the features of the registered wave field and the completed structural constructions of the consolidated crust and upper mantle in the section of the «Granite» geotraverse shows a complex heterogeneous structure with certain spatially correlated regularities, against the background of which there are numerous inhomogeneities characteristic of both individual blocks and their individual intervals.
The cross-sections of all the studied geostructures are characterized by a high level of saturation with non-extended, unevenly distributed reflective elements, which occupy positions from subhorizontal to steeply sloping in space. With all the diversity of the mutual location of both individual boundaries and their groups, a fairly strict correlation is established, which primarily provides information about the nature of stratification, deformations, and the stress state of the structures of the consolidated crust and upper mantle.
In the modern structure of the crust, a significant role belongs to faults and tectonic plates, the vast majority of which are manifested as inclined zonal bodies with different orientations. Systems of faults and plates form a complex hierarchical interdependence.
The «crust-mantle» transition zone is a complex, laterally variable area, with a thickness of 3 to 7 km, caused by systems of subhorizontal stratification, expressed by the concentration of reflective elements. The largest homogeneous and contrasting region of the transition is manifested in the structures of ancient consolidation, with a thickness of the crust of about 40 km.
As a result of the research, more detailed information on the structure of individual tectonic elements was obtained, and some general principles of the structure of the transition zone from the ancient continental platform to the active folded belt were clarified.
The SHIELD’21 deep seismic experiment
Authors: Starostenko V. , Janik T. , Czuba W. , Środa P. , Murovskaya A. , Yegorova T. , Verpakhovska A. , Kolomiyets K. , Lysynchuk D. , Wójcik D. , Omelchenko V. , Amashukeli T. , Legostaeva O. , Gryn D. , Chulkov S. 
Published: March 2023

The wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) SHIELD’21 profile carried out in 2021 crosses from SW to NE the main tectonic of Ukraine. The SHIELD’21 targeted the structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the southwestern margin of the East European Craton with overlying Neogene Carpathian Foredeep and Vendian-Paleozoic Volyn-Podolian Monocline, Archaean and Paleoproterozoic segments of Ukrainian Shield and Late Paleozoic Dnieper-Donets Basin. The ~650 km long profile is an extension of realized in 2014 RomUkrSeis line in Romania and Ukraine from Apuseni Mountains to southwestern Ukrainian Shield. The field work performed in 2021, included the deployment of autonomous seismic stations and drilling-explosive works. A total of 264 seismic receivers were deployed (160 DATA-CUBE and 104 TEXAN stations) with the average spacing between the observation points about 2.65 km. The sampling interval for all stations was 0.01 s. Seismic energy was generated by 10 shot points with ~50 km of distance between them and total charge in all wells 5775 kg. The SHIELD’21 experiment using TEXAN and DATA-CUBE short-period seismic stations provided high-quality seismic records. The main recorded seismic waves are the refractions of P- and S-waves in sediments, basement, crust and upper-most mantle, and reflections from crustal boundaries, Moho interface and boundaries in the uppermost mantle. Correlation of travel time arrivals of seismic waves provides calculation of the velocity model for both P- and S-waves. The main objective of the SHIELD’21 project is to get new seismic data that increase our knowledge on the lithosphere structure as well as geodynamics of the oil-and-gas-bearing and ore regions of Ukraine.
History and systems of control of constitutionality: international experience
Authors: Bzova L. , Pankratova A. 
Published: March 2023

This article examines the historical evolution of constitutionality control, its concept and its various systems. In the study of modern constitutionalism, the topic of constitutional control, especially from the side of constitutional jurisdiction exercised by constitutional courts, is gaining more and more strength. The control of constitutionality is the supervision of the compatibility of regulatory acts with the constitutional text. From supremacy and constitutional centrality, any laws, to remain valid in the national legal system, must maintain respect, formal and substantive, for the constitutional text. It is at this moment that constitutionality control, which is carried out diffusely by various bodies of judicial power, comes into play. The idea of constitutional review is related to the supremacy of the Constitution over the entire legal system, as well as constitutional rigor and protection of fundamental rights.
The existence of normative escalation is a necessary prerequisite for constitutional supremacy, since, occupying the constitution of the hierarchy of the normative system, it is in it that the legislator will find the form of legislative development and its content. Moreover, in countries that have a strict Constitution, that is, those that provide for their own amendment a more serious legislative procedure than is provided for by ordinary laws, a kind of regulatory pyramid is established, at the top of which is the Constitution.
Therefore, the control of constitutionality is a guarantee of the supremacy of basic rights and guarantees provided by the Constitution, which, in addition to setting the boundaries of state power, is also part of the legitimacy of the state itself, defining its duties and enabling the democratic process under the rule of law. Control of constitutionality means checking the perfect adequacy of the law or normative act of the Constitution, checking its formal and material requirements. This is always a comparative examination between a legislative or regulatory act and the Constitution. From this we can say that any legislative or regulatory act that contradicts the Basic Law of the organization of the state must be declared unconstitutional.
The role of digital rights in the modern states stable development: problems of recognition and legalization
Authors: Kalachenkova K. , Mikhailina T. 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the scientific article is to critically analyze the feasibility of recognizing digital rights and legalizing them in the context of sustainable development theory.
The scientific article is devoted to highlighting the formation of digital rights as determinants of sustainable development of the modern state. The problem of legal regulation of digital rights is highlighted. It is emphasized that the formation of a digital environment determines the relevance of research to identify problems, conditions and tools for implementing the concept of sustainable development under the influence of the formation of the global information society and the use of information as a priority resource for achieving sustainable development goals.
The study analyzes the positions of domestic and foreign scientists on the formation of digital rights as a determinant of sustainable development of the modern state. The experience of legislative consolidation and regulation of digital rights is considered.
Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn: the need for legal regulation of digital rights not only at the international level, but also at the national level by constitutionalizing basic digital rights or including these rights in relevant legislation, as well as the development of effective mechanisms for the implementation and protection of these rights; digital accessibility remains one of the main obstacles to overcoming digital inequality; in the context of the development of the information society, digital literacy should be at the level of general education.
Analysis of the international experience of digital rights regulation makes it possible to distinguish two ways of regulation: 1) constitutionalization of digital rights, in which the text of the Constitution is changed in order to regulate digital rights at the highest constitutional level; 2) digitalization of rights, in which the rights enshrined in the legislation acquire an updated interpretation or settlement based on decisions of constitutional jurisdiction bodies, the practice of the European Court of human rights or in relevant legislation.
The compensation for harm: problems and prospects for further legislative reform
Authors: Vovk M. , Zaiats O. 
Published: March 2023

The compensation for harm is one of the most important legal ways to protect the violated civil rights and interests of the participants in civil relations. In modern market conditions, this method of protection is the main one for restoring the material condition or compensating for moral harm to the injured person. In the context of updating civil legislation and adapting it to EU legislation, there is a need for new approaches to the legal regulation of compensation for harm.
The article examines the general terms of compensation for harm: the illegality of the behaviour of the person who caused the harm, the presence of harm, the causal relationship between the illegal behaviour and the harm, and the fault of the person who caused the harm.
Special attention is paid to the issue of illegality (illegal behaviour) as a condition for compensation for damage. Here the theories of illegality are analysed: objective (normative) and objective-subjective.
The definition of harm is investigated. The attention is focused on the ratio of the concepts of "harm" and "damages". Attention is drawn to the problems of legal regulation of the concept of moral harm. It is established that according to the practice of European Court of Human Rights, the content of moral (non-property) harm is determined differently in relation to individuals and legal entities. In addition, the methods of determining the amount of compensation for moral harm are analysed, in particular, the method of psychological research certified by the Ministry of Justice in Ukraine and registered in the Methodology of Psychological Research in Cases Involving the Infliction of Moral Suffering on a Person and Compensation for Moral Harm (registration number 14.1.75), which was put into effect from 18.01.2019.
The article analyses the legal regulation of the causal relationship between illegal behaviour and harm in the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL).
Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that in the future it is advisable to continue studying and improving the obligations to compensate for harm, in particular, the system of special torts provided for by Chapter 82 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is subject to revision.
The genesis of electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings
Authors: Pryvydentsev O. 
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the question of the genesis of electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings, in particular, the historical and legal analysis of the introduction of electronic correspondence in the territory of Ukraine and their legal evolution from a means of communication to an independent means of proof.
The article analyzes the concept of "electronic communication", a component of which is electronic correspondence. The main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "electronic message" in regulatory and legal acts and scientific and technical literature were studied, the analysis of the distinction between the generalized concept of "electronic message" and "text, multimedia and voice messages", which is enshrined in the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, was carried out. The main features of an electronic message are highlighted: it contains information (certain information and/or data), has an electronic (digital) form, is transmitted using technical means of communication.
The stages of the scientific and technical evolution of the Internet and mobile communications as the main channels of electronic communication are studied, and the statistics of their distribution in the world and Ukraine are given. The historical prerequisites for the emergence and development of the main environments for the functioning of electronic messages are characterized: sms-messages, e-mail, social networks and messengers.
The evolution of scientific and legal positions regarding the use of electronic correspondence as an evidential basis in civil proceedings from the moment of its emergence as a method of communication to its legal consolidation as a means of proof was studied, in particular, the stages of adaptation of the legal framework and judicial practice in Ukraine were characterized.
The current state and problems of using electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings are characterized. The problematic aspect of using an electronic signature for recording electronic messages and the corresponding distinction between "electronic message" and "electronic document" were studied. The modern trends of changing the judicial paradigm to the principle of self-identification of the author, the presumption of integrity (authenticity) of the evidence, the use of the "letter in response" doctrine and the increase in the legal and evidentiary value of metadata, which will improve the dynamics of using electronic messages as evidence in civil proceedings, have been recorded.
Administrative and legal principles of ensuring the right to professional preliminary education for persons with disabilities
Authors: Legeza E. , Lyutikov P. 
Published: March 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the administrative and legal principles of ensuring the right to professional preliminary education for persons with disabilities: foreign experience and directions for improvement. The experience of the USA and European countries in ensuring the right to vocational higher education for persons with disabilities is revealed
Attention is drawn to the fact that higher education in the USA and Great Britain traditionally belongs to the so-called liberal or market model, which is characterized by a high degree of decentralization of management and diversification of higher education systems. In Italy, the state has exclusive legislative powers regarding general matters in the field of education, the minimum standards to be guaranteed throughout the country, and the basic principles. Regions define school networks within their territories, adjust the school calendar, and have exclusive powers in the field of vocational education and training. Schools are autonomous in terms of didactic, organizational and research work. The Italian state is responsible for funding schools for both educational and administrative purposes.
It was concluded that the high-quality formation and implementation of vocational pre-university education for persons with disabilities is possible through the borrowing of positive foreign experience: a) openness of the formation and implementation of state policy in the given field for persons with disabilities; b) active development, encouragement, stimulation of the implementation of innovative activities by institutions of higher education, including vocational higher education for persons with disabilities; a) a qualitatively new paradigm of the content of education - considering it not as a collection of the given volume of knowledge, abilities and skills selected according to a certain specialty, but the formation of a comprehensively developed personality according to a comprehensive approach. There is a shift in emphasis not so much on how much the acquirer knows, in particular, persons with disabilities, special knowledge in the chosen field of study, but on how such professional qualities as the ability to adapt, practicality and initiative, the ability to apply acquired special knowledge, in necessary cases creatively rethink it for persons with disabilities.
Therefore, when implementing electronic governance in Ukraine, we need to take into account the experience of foreign countries in order to avoid typical mistakes and acquire the most successful practices for ourselves. The priority for the countries that we studied is the introduction of high-quality professional pre-higher education to vulnerable sections of the population.