bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curves in quantum state space, geometric phases, and the brachistophase
Authors: Chryssomalakos C , Flores-Delgado A G , Guzmán-González E , Hanotel L , Serrano-Ensástiga E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given a curve in quantum spin state space, we inquire what is the relation between its geometry and the geometric phase accumulated along it. Motivated by Mukunda and Simon’s result that geodesics (in the standard Fubini-Study metric) do not accumulate geometric phase, we find a general expression for the derivatives (of various orders) of the geometric phase in terms of the covariant derivatives of the curve. As an application of our results, we put forward the brachistophase problem: given a quantum state, find the (appropriately normalized) Hamiltonian that maximizes the accumulated geometric phase after time τ—we find an analytical solution for all spin values, valid for small τ. For example, the optimal evolution of a spin coherent state consists of a single Majorana star separating from the rest and tracing out a circle on the Majorana sphere.
Random matrices with row constraints and eigenvalue distributions of graph Laplacians
Authors: Akara-pipattana Pawat , Evnin Oleg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSymmetric matrices with zero row sums occur in many theoretical settings and in real-life applications. When the offdiagonal elements of such matrices are i.i.d. random variables and the matrices are large, the eigenvalue distributions converge to a peculiar universal curvepzrs(λ)that looks like a cross between the Wigner semicircle and a Gaussian distribution. An analytic theory for this curve, originally due to Fyodorov, can be developed using supersymmetry-based techniques. We extend these derivations to the case of sparse matrices, including the important case of graph Laplacians for large random graphs withNvertices of mean degreec. In the regime1≪c≪N, the eigenvalue distribution of the ordinary graph Laplacian (diffusion with a fixed transition rate per edge) tends to a shifted and scaled version ofpzrs(λ), centered atcwith width∼c. At smallerc, this curve receives corrections in powers of1/caccurately captured by our theory. For the normalized graph Laplacian (diffusion with a fixed transition rate per vertex), the largeclimit is a shifted and scaled Wigner semicircle, again with corrections captured by our analysis.
The intensity enhancement of transmission small angle x-ray scattering from nanostructures with a high aspect ratio
Authors: Fu W E , He B C , Wu W L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transmission small angle x-ray scattering (tSAXS) has been developed as a metrology for the critical dimension (CD) measurements to facilitate integrated circuit (IC) chip fabrications. Synchrotron x-ray sources were used for their high brilliance and a wavelength less than one tenth of a nanometer was chosen for its high penetration power to enable transmission measurements through a silicon wafer with a nominal thickness of 0.7 mm. A major hold back preventing tSAXS from reaching wide applications in IC fabrication is the lack of high brilliance laboratory-based x-ray sources. Within the last few years, even without any major breakthrough in x-ray source technology, this tSAXS metrology has finally been used for 3D NAND and DRAM, i.e., memory chips with tall or high aspect ratio (HAR) architectures. The scattering intensities from HAR structures will be discussed quantitatively in terms of the sample height and the effective longitudinal coherence length of the incident x-ray.
Investigating the Associations of Sexual Minority Stressors and Incident Hypertension in a Community Sample of Sexual Minority Adults
Authors: Caceres Billy A , Sharma Yashika , Levine Alina , Wall Melanie M , Hughes Tonda L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexual minority adults are at higher risk of hypertension than their heterosexual counterparts. Sexual minority stressors (i.e., unique stressors attributed to sexual minority identity) are associated with a variety of poor mental and physical health outcomes. Previous research has not tested associations between sexual minority stressors and incident hypertension among sexual minority adults.

Purpose
To examine the associations between sexual minority stressors and incident hypertension among sexual minority adults assigned female sex at birth.

Methods
Using data from a longitudinal study, we examined associations between three sexual minority stressors and self-reported hypertension. We ran multiple logistic regression models to estimate the associations between sexual minority stressors and hypertension. We conducted exploratory analyses to determine whether these associations differed by race/ethnicity and sexual identity (e.g., lesbian/gay vs. bisexual).

Results
The sample included 380 adults, mean age 38.4 (± 12.81) years. Approximately 54.5% were people of color and 93.9% were female-identified. Mean follow-up was 7.0 (± 0.6) years; during which 12.4% were diagnosed with hypertension. We found that a 1-standard deviation increase in internalized homophobia was associated with higher odds of developing hypertension (AOR 1.48, 95% Cl: 1.06–2.07). Stigma consciousness (AOR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.56–1.26) and experiences of discrimination (AOR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.72–1.52) were not associated with hypertension. The associations of sexual minority stressors with hypertension did not differ by race/ethnicity or sexual identity.

Conclusions
This is the first study to examine the associations between sexual minority stressors and incident hypertension in sexual minority adults. Implications for future studies are highlighted.
Changing Mindsets About Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Crum Alia J , Heathcote Lauren C , Morrison Zara , Yielder Rachael , Leibowitz Kari , Petousis-Harris Helen , Thomas Mark G , Prober Charles G , Berek Jonathan S , Petrie Keith J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Side-effect concerns are a major barrier to vaccination against COVID-19 and other diseases. Identifying cost- and time-efficient interventions to improve vaccine experience and reduce vaccine hesitancy—without withholding information about side effects—is critical.

Purpose
Determine whether a brief symptom as positive signals mindset intervention can improve vaccine experience and reduce vaccine hesitancy after the COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods
English-speaking adults (18+) were recruited during the 15-min wait period after receiving their second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination and were randomly allocated to the symptom as positive signals mindset condition or the treatment as usual control. Participants in the mindset intervention viewed a 3:43-min video explaining how the body responds to vaccinations and how common side effects such as fatigue, sore arm, and fever are signs that the vaccination is helping the body boost immunity. The control group received standard vaccination center information.

Results
Mindset participants (N = 260) versus controls (N = 268) reported significantly less worry about symptoms at day 3 [t(506)=2.60, p=.01, d=0.23], fewer symptoms immediately following the vaccine [t(484)=2.75, p=.006, d=0.24], and increased intentions to vaccinate against viruses like COVID-19 in the future [t(514)=−2.57, p=.01, d=0.22]. No significant differences for side-effect frequency at day 3, coping, or impact.

Conclusions
This study supports the use of a brief video aimed at reframing symptoms as positive signals to reduce worry and increase future vaccine intentions.

Clinical Trial information
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000722897p.
Systematic Evaluation of Hematologic Parameters and Blood Smear Findings in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 vs Other Viral Respiratory Infections
Authors: Chopra Saurav , Karandikar Nitin J , Holman Carol J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated and compared the peripheral blood findings in patients with acute COVID-19 vs other viral respiratory infections.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed peripheral blood counts and smear morphology in patients with a positive viral respiratory panel (VRP) or SARS-CoV-2 test.

Results
A total of 97 peripheral blood samples (COVID-19 infection, 53; VRP positive, 44) from 50 patients (mean [SD] age, 45.8 [20.8] years; females 52%) were reviewed. There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic characteristics between the 2 groups. The most common peripheral blood abnormalities were anemia, thrombocytopenia, absolute lymphopenia, and reactive lymphocytes. The following peripheral blood findings were significantly associated with other viral respiratory infections compared with COVID-19 infection: low red blood cell count, low hematocrit, high mean corpuscular volume, thrombocytopenia, low mean platelet volume, high red cell distribution width, band neutrophilia, and toxic granulation in neutrophils.

Conclusions
Our study showed that there are several peripheral blood count and morphologic abnormalities seen in patients with COVID-19, but most of these findings lack specificity as they are also seen in the other viral respiratory infections.
Clinical and Pathologic Factors Associated With Colonic Spirochete (Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi) Infection: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Eslick Guy D , Fan Kening , Nair Prema M , Burns Grace L , Hoedt Emily C , Keely Simon , Talley Nicholas J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to determine what pathologic and clinical factors differentiate Brachyspira species that may be useful to clinicians and pathologists.

Methods
We identified 21 studies of Brachyspira infection with individual patient information (n = 113) and conducted a pooled analysis comparing each species.

Results
There were differences in the pathologic and clinical profiles of each Brachyspira species. Patients infected with Brachyspira pilosicoli infection were more likely to have diarrhea, fever, HIV, and immunocompromised conditions. Those patients infected with Brachyspira aalborgi were more likely to have lamina propria inflammation.

Conclusions
Our novel data provide potential insights into the pathogenic mechanism(s) and the specific risk factor profile of Brachyspira species. This may be clinically useful when assessing and managing patients.
Traffic-Calming Measures and Road Traffic Collisions and Injuries: A Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Batomen Brice , Cloutier Marie-Soleil , Carabali Mabel , Hagel Brent , Howard Andrew , Rothman Linda , Perreault Samuel , Brown Patrick , Di Ruggiero Erica , Bondy Susan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Traffic-calming measures (TCMs) are physical modifications of the road network aimed at making the roads safer. Although researchers have reported reductions in numbers of road crashes and injuries tied to the presence of TCMs, such studies have been criticized for their pre-/post- designs. In this study, we aimed to complement our knowledge of TCMs’ effectiveness by assessing their impact using a longitudinal design. The implementation of 8 TCMs, including curb extensions and speed humps, was evaluated at the intersection and census tract levels in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from 2012 to 2019. The primary outcome was fatal or serious collisions among all road users. Inference was performed using a Bayesian implementation of conditional Poisson regression in which random effects were used to account for the spatiotemporal variation in collisions. TCMs were generally implemented on local roads, although most collisions occurred on arterial roads. Overall, there was weak evidence that TCMs were associated with study outcomes. However, subgroup analyses of intersections on local roads suggested a reduction in collision rates due to TCMs (median incidence rate ratio, 0.31; 95% credible interval: 0.12, 0.86). To improve road safety, effective counterparts of TCMs on arterial roads must be identified and implemented.
Therapeutic review: The role of tranexamic acid in management of traumatic brain injury, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sigmon Jana , Crowley Kelli L , Groth Christine M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To summarize current literature evaluating tranexamic acid in the management of intracranial bleeding associated with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injuries and implications for clinical practice.

Summary
Intracranial hemorrhage, regardless of etiology, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic with anti-inflammatory properties shown to reduce mortality in trauma patients with extracranial injuries. In traumatic brain injury, a large randomized trial found no difference in outcomes when tranexamic acid was compared to placebo; however, subgroup analyses suggested that it may reduce head injury–related mortality in the context of mild-to-moderate injury if treatment occurs within 1 hour of symptom onset. More recent out-of-hospital data have disputed these findings and even suggested harm in severely injured patients. In spontaneous, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, treatment with tranexamic acid did not result in a difference in functional status; however, rates of hematoma expansion, even though modest, were significantly reduced. In aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, tranexamic acid may prevent rebleeding, but has not led to improved outcomes or reduced mortality, and there is concern for increased incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia. Overall, tranexamic acid has not been shown to result in increased risk of thromboembolic complications across these classes of brain injury.

Conclusion
Despite its favorable safety profile overall, tranexamic acid does not seem to improve functional outcomes and cannot be routinely recommended. More data are needed to determine which head injury subpopulations are most likely to benefit from tranexamic acid and which patients are at increased risk for harm.
Estimating Firms’ Responses to Securities Regulation Using a Bunching Approach
Authors: Dharmapala Dhammika 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many important provisions of US securities law—most notably, crucial elements of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation enacted in 2002—apply only to firms that have a public float of at least $75 million. Public float (i.e., the market value of shares held by non-insiders) is not comprehensively reported in standard databases, so I “scrape” public float data from firms’ 10-K filings for an extensive sample of reporting entities over fiscal years 1993–2015. I use a bunching approach that compares the number of observations immediately below the $75 million threshold to a smooth counterfactual density. Prior to SOX (i.e., over 1993–2002), there is no detectable bunching. Following SOX (i.e., over 2003–15), there is statistically significant evidence of bunching. However, the magnitude of bunching is relatively modest. Moreover, bunching is concentrated in the early post-SOX years (2003–09) and is virtually absent in later years (2010–15). The magnitude of bunching is not a sufficient statistic for the compliance costs of securities regulation because the costs of managing public float are unobservable. Nonetheless, the results of the bunching analysis cast some doubt on widespread claims that the regulatory burdens of these securities law provisions are large.
It Is Time to Resolve the Dilemma and Move Away From Using Drains in Primary Breast Augmentation
Authors: Montemurro Paolo , Gupta Tarush 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast augmentation is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic surgical procedures, yet there has been no consensus on the use of drains. While some surgeons believe in using them due to fear of complications or because they were taught in a conventional manner, the authors present their experience of performing breast surgery without the use of drains.

Objectives
To study whether performing breast augmentation without the use of drains is safe.

Methods
Anthropometric details and complications of all the consecutive primary breast augmentation patients performed by a single surgeon from 2009 to 2022 were collected and analyzed. In none of these patients, drains were used.

Results
A total of 429 (21%) patients were lost to follow-up and only those 1617 patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included in this study. The mean age of the study group was 29.8 years with a mean BMI of 24.68. Mean follow-up was 16.24 months. Hematoma occurred in 15 patients (0.92%), seroma in 12 (0.74%), explantation due to infection in 3 patients (0.18%), and capsular contracture in 44 patients (2.72%). All these complications were in the lower range of complications of breast augmentation reported in the literature.

Conclusions
Unwarranted use of drains in breast augmentation should be avoided as it does not seemingly prevent the complications of breast augmentation surgery. Instead, it may increase the chances of infection, pain, and discomfort, and prolong the antibiotic coverage, and hence put an additional overall financial burden on the patient.

Level of Evidence: 4
Widespread transcriptomic alterations of transient receptor potential channel genes in cancer
Authors: Pan Tao , Gao Yueying , Xu Gang , Yu Lei , Xu Qi , Yu Jinyang , Liu Meng , Zhang Can , Ma Yanlin , Li Yongsheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ion channels, in particular transient–receptor potential (TRP) channels, are essential genes that play important roles in many physiological processes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that TRP genes are involved in a number of diseases, including various cancer types. However, we still lack knowledge about the expression alterations landscape of TRP genes across cancer types. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed and summarised the transcriptomes from more than 10 000 samples in 33 cancer types. We found that TRP genes were widespreadly transcriptomic dysregulated in cancer, which was associated with clinical survival of cancer patients. Perturbations of TRP genes were associated with a number of cancer pathways across cancer types. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of TRP family gene alterations in a number of diseases reported in recent studies. Taken together, our study comprehensively reviewed TRP genes with extensive transcriptomic alterations and their functions will directly contribute to cancer therapy and precision medicine.
Evaluation of sequence-based predictors for phase-separating protein
Authors: Liao Shaofeng , Zhang Yujun , Qi Yifei , Zhang Zhuqing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and nucleic acids underlies the formation of biomolecular condensates in cell. Dysregulation of protein LLPS is closely implicated in a range of intractable diseases. A variety of tools for predicting phase-separating proteins (PSPs) have been developed with the increasing experimental data accumulated and several related databases released. Comparing their performance directly can be challenging due to they were built on different algorithms and datasets. In this study, we evaluate eleven available PSPs predictors using negative testing datasets, including folded proteins, the human proteome, and non-PSPs under near physiological conditions, based on our recently updated LLPSDB v2.0 database. Our results show that the new generation predictors FuzDrop, DeePhase and PSPredictor perform better on folded proteins as a negative test set, while LLPhyScore outperforms other tools on the human proteome. However, none of the predictors could accurately identify experimentally verified non-PSPs. Furthermore, the correlation between predicted scores and experimentally measured saturation concentrations of protein A1-LCD and its mutants suggests that, these predictors could not consistently predict the protein LLPS propensity rationally. Further investigation with more diverse sequences for training, as well as considering features such as refined sequence pattern characterization that comprehensively reflects molecular physiochemical interactions, may improve the performance of PSPs prediction.
Interpolating discriminant functions in high-dimensional Gaussian latent mixtures
Authors: Bing Xin , Wegkamp Marten 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper considers binary classification of high-dimensional features under a postulated model with a low-dimensional latent Gaussian mixture structure and nonvanishing noise. A generalized least-squares estimator is used to estimate the direction of the optimal separating hyperplane. The estimated hyperplane is shown to interpolate on the training data. While the direction vector can be consistently estimated, as could be expected from recent results in linear regression, a naive plug-in estimate fails to consistently estimate the intercept. A simple correction, which requires an independent hold-out sample, renders the procedure minimax optimal in many scenarios. The interpolation property of the latter procedure can be retained, but surprisingly depends on the way the labels are encoded.
The ECO framework: advancing evidence-based science engagement within environmental research programs and organizations
Authors: Garlick Sarah , Fallon Kathy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite widespread interest in science communication, public engagement with science, and engaged research, a large gap exists between the theories behind science engagement and how it is practiced within the scientific community. The scholarship of science engagement is also fractured, with knowledge and insights fragmented across discourses related to science communication, informal science learning, participatory research, and sustainability science. In the present article, we share a planning tool for integrating evidence and theory from these discourses into effective programs and projects. The ECO framework promotes three distinct and interacting modes of science engagement practice: formative engagement (listening and relationship building), codesign and coproduction (action-oriented partnerships), and broader outreach (expanding networks and dissemination). By planning engagement activities with attention to these three modes of engagement, scientists and scientific research organizations will be better poised to address urgent needs for stronger connections between science and society and increased use of scientific research in decision-making.
Shower thoughts: why scientists should spend more time in the rain
Authors: Van Stan John T , Allen Scott T , Aubrey Douglas P , Berry Z Carter , Biddick Matthew , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam A M J , Giordani Paolo , Gotsch Sybil G , Gutmann Ethan D , Kuzyakov Yakov , Magyar Donát , Mella Valentina S A , Mueller Kevin E , Ponette-González Alexandra G , Porada Philipp , Rosenfeld Carla E , Simmons Jack , Sridhar Kandikere R , Stubbins Aron , Swanson Travis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Stormwater is a vital resource and dynamic driver of terrestrial ecosystem processes. However, processes controlling interactions during and shortly after storms are often poorly seen and poorly sensed when direct observations are substituted with technological ones. We discuss how human observations complement technological ones and the benefits of scientists spending more time in the storm. Human observation can reveal ephemeral storm-related phenomena such as biogeochemical hot moments, organismal responses, and sedimentary processes that can then be explored in greater resolution using sensors and virtual experiments. Storm-related phenomena trigger lasting, oversized impacts on hydrologic and biogeochemical processes, organismal traits or functions, and ecosystem services at all scales. We provide examples of phenomena in forests, across disciplines and scales, that have been overlooked in past research to inspire mindful, holistic observation of ecosystems during storms. We conclude that technological observations alone are insufficient to trace the process complexity and unpredictability of fleeting biogeochemical or ecological events without the shower thoughts produced by scientists’ human sensory and cognitive systems during storms.