bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Nomograms to Predict the Prognosis of Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Zhao Dongxu , Xu Wei , Zhan Yi , Xu Lin , Ding Wenbin , Xu Aibing , Hou Zhongheng , Ni Caifang 
Published: June 2023

Background: Recent studies have shown that inflammatory indicators are closely related to the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and they can serve as powerful indices for predicting recurrence and survival time after treatment. However, the predictive ability of inflammatory indicators has not been systematically studied in patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the predictive value of preoperative inflammatory indicators for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TACE. Methods: Our retrospective research involved 381 treatment-naïve patients in 3 institutions, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Nantong First People’s Hospital, and Nantong Tumor Hospital, from January 2007 to December 2020 that received TACE as initial treatment. Relevant data of patients were collected from the electronic medical record database, and the recurrence and survival time of patients after treatment were followed up. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to compress and screen the variables. We utilized Cox regression to determine the independent factors associated with patient outcomes and constructed a nomogram based on multivariate results. Finally, the nomogram was verified from discriminability, calibration ability, and practical applicability. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and lymphocyte count were independent influential indicators for overall survival (OS), whereas the levels of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was an independent influential index for progression. Nomograms exhibited an excellent concordance index (C-index), in the nomogram of OS, the C-index was 0.753 and 0.755 in training and validation cohort, respectively; and in the nomogram of progression, the C-index was 0.781 and 0.700, respectively. The time-dependent C-index, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram all exhibited ideal discrimination ability. Calibration curves significantly coincided with the standard lines, which indicated that the nomogram had high stability and low degree of over-fitting. Decision curve analysis revealed a wider range of threshold probabilities and could augment net benefits. The Kaplan-Meier curves for risk stratification indicated that the prognosis of patients varied significantly between risk categories ( P < .0001). Conclusions: The developed prognostic nomograms based on preoperative inflammatory indicators revealed high predictive accuracy for survival and recurrence. It can be a valuable clinical instrument for guiding individualized treatment and predicting prognosis.
Uncovering employment outcomes for autistic university graduates in the United Kingdom: An analysis of population data
Authors: Vincent Jonathan , Ralston Kevin 
Published: June 2023

International research suggests that increasing numbers of autistic people are entering higher education. Currently, very little is known about this population. For example, the rates of autistic people enrolling at UK-based higher education institutions, the demographics of this population, the subjects they study and particularly their graduate outcomes are unknown. This study is an exploratory analysis of autistic graduate outcomes. We compare outcomes between autistic students, other disabled students and non-disabled students, by sex. The article draws upon population data collected by the Higher Education Statistical Agency in the United Kingdom ( N = 1,326,416) across the years 2012–2018. Our findings indicate that the academic programmes studied at university by autistic students are more diverse than typically assumed. We also found that graduates make the transition into a range of employment sectors following graduation, but experience persistent and disparities in economic activity and income. We argue that higher education institutions must focus greater attention on developing more robust and effective employment transition support for autistic students and graduates. Lay abstract International research suggests that more autistic people are entering higher education. Currently, very little is known about this group in the United Kingdom, for example, we have little information about how many autistic people enrol at UK-based higher education institutions, their backgrounds, the academic programmes they study and what they do once they have graduated. Our study tries to explore these issues by comparing outcomes between autistic students, other disabled students and non-disabled students. We use population data collected by the Higher Education Statistical Agency in the United Kingdom, which included 1,326,416 graduates across the years 2012–2018. Our findings indicate that the degree subjects studied at university by autistic students are more diverse than often people think. We also found that graduates go on to work in a range of employment sectors following graduation but often experience worse outcomes in terms of access to full-time work and worse pay. We argue that universities and colleges must focus greater attention on developing better employment transition support for autistic students and graduates.
Numerical study of acoustic source localization of rotor using a novel discrete noise analysis strategy
Authors: Bao Weicheng , Chen Xi , Zhao Qijun , Sun Dazhi 
Published: June 2023

In order to obtain the influence mechanism of the rotor noise and the local aerodynamic variation under different operating conditions, a novel discrete noise analysis strategy for the acoustic source localization is established. The analysis strategy has two aspects including the blade division method and the noise contribution calculation method. Firstly, the body-fitted rotor blade grids are preprocessed and refined at the division position before the flowfield simulation. Then, based on the flowfield result, the blade grids are divided into several blocks in the chordwise and spanwise directions, and the acoustic pressure of each block is predicted. Finally, a discriminant function for the contribution of the block to the rotor noise is proposed, and the acoustic source localization is carried out. The URANS equations and FW-H equations are used to capture high-fidelity flowfield and rotor acoustic pressure. Parameters such as the block position in different direction on the rotor blade and the collective pitches are quantified, and the relationship between air flow and aeroacoustics is discussed in detail. Some conclusions are obtained by analyzing the BO105 model rotor in hover. The acoustic pressure produced by the leading edge of the upper surface could cancel about 50% acoustic pressure of the remainder of these blocks. Increasing the force at this position will be benefit to the noise reduction. Acoustic source distribution is closely linked to the flow separation near the blade tip: the main acoustic source moves toward around 0.9 R section of the blade in the spanwise direction, and it moves from the leading edge towards the trailing edge in the chordwise direction.
Endovascular treatment simulations using a novel in vitro brain arteriovenous malformation model based on three-dimensional printing millifluidic technology
Authors: Rivera Rodrigo , Cespedes Alvaro , Cruz Juan Pablo , Rivera Gladys Carlota , Valencia Alvaro , Rouchaud Aymeric , Mounayer Charbel 
Published: June 2023

Background Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are complex vascular diseases. Several models have been used to simulate endovascular treatments; thus in vitro models have not been widely employed because it has been difficult to recreate realistic phantoms of this disease. Objective To describe the development and evaluate the preliminary experience of a novel bAVM in vitro model for endovascular embolization using millifluidic three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Methods We designed a bAVM phantom starting from simple to more complex designs, composed of a nidus, feeding arteries and draining vein. We recreate the design by using millifluidic technology with stereolithography 3D printing. Structural and functional tests were performed using angiographic images and computer flow dynamics. Treatment simulations with ethylene vinyl alcohol were tested using two different microcatheter position techniques. A Likert-scale questionnaire was applied to perform a qualitative evaluation of the model. Results We developed a realistic model of a bAVM with hollow channels. The structural evaluation showed a high precision of the 3D printing process. Embolization tests with the liquid agent gave similar sensations and material behaviour as in vivo cases. There were no significant differences between microcatheter position techniques, thus we observed a trend for better nidus filling with a deeper in-nidus position technique. Conclusions We were able to create and test a novel bAVM in vitro model with stereolithography 3D printing in resin. It showed a high capacity for simulating endovascular embolization characteristics, with an excellent user experience. It could be potentially used for training and testing of bAVM embolizations.
Scoliosis risk factors and outcomes in children with dysplastic spondylolisthesis undergoing surgical reduction and fixation
Authors: Jiao Jiahao , Guo Dong , Cao Jun , Zhang Xuejun , Yao Ziming 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To explore scoliosis risk factors and outcomes in children with dysplastic spondylolisthesis undergoing surgical reduction and internal fixation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 56 children with dysplastic spondylolisthesis who underwent surgical reduction and internal fixation. Patients were grouped according to presence of scoliosis before surgery. Radiographic parameters measured before surgery included pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, coronal Cobb angle, slip percentage, Dubousset’s lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis, and Spinal Deformity Study Group index. Groups were compared using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal Spinal Deformity Study Group index cut-off value. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years. Results: The scoliosis group comprises 36 patients (mean age: 9.6 ± 2.7 years), while the no scoliosis group comprises 20 (mean age: 9.1 ± 2.4 years). Slip percentage and Spinal Deformity Study Group index were significantly higher in the scoliosis group (p < 0.01). Sacral slope and pelvic incidence were lower in the scoliosis group (p < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that slip percentage, Spinal Deformity Study Group index, pelvic incidence, and sacral slope were significantly associated with scoliosis. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only Spinal Deformity Study Group index was an independent risk factor for scoliosis. The optimal cut-off value for Spinal Deformity Study Group index was 0.288. Mean Cobb angle decreased from 20.3° ± 8.8° before surgery to 8.5° ± 8.9° at last follow-up; the mean scoliosis correction rate was 59.3%. Conclusion: Severe S1 dysplasia and high slip percentage may be risk factors for developing scoliosis in patients with dysplastic spondylolisthesis. Scoliosis resolved spontaneously after spondylolisthesis reduction and fixation in most patients. Level of evidence 3.
A novel approach to CSF pressure measurement via lumbar puncture that shortens the measurement time with a high level of accuracy
Authors: Yücel Duygu , Ülgen Yekta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntracranial pressure (ICP) is an important parameter in clinical management and diagnosis of several neurological diseases which is indirectly measured via lumbar puncture (LP). In routine measurements of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (PCSF) from lumbar region, a spinal needle and a spinal manometer are used. PCSF measurement via LP with the use of a spinal manometer may not yield correct PCSF results due to prolonged times required to obtain an accurate pressure value. Equilibrium pressure may be underestimated in circumstances where spinal manometry procedure is terminated prematurely, with the wrong assumption that equilibrium pressure is reached. Elevated PCSF levels can lead to visual loss and brain damage when go undiagnosed. In this study, the spinal needle-spinal manometer combination was modelled with a first-order differential equation and a time constant (τ) was defined as the product of the resistance to flow of the needle with the bore area of the manometer divided by the dynamic viscosity of CSF, i.e. τ= RA/ρCSF. Each needle/manometer combination had a unique constant as a predictor of the equilibrium pressure. The fluid pressure in the manometer rose in an exponential manner which was tested in a simulated environment using 22G spinal needles namely Braun-Spinocan, Pajunk-Sprotte and M.Schilling. Curve fitting of the manometer readings were obtained with regression coefficients of R2 ≥ 0.99 to determine measurement time constants. The residual differences between predicted and true values were less than 1.18 cmH2O. For a given needle/manometer combination, time required to reach equilibrium pressure was identical for all pressure levels. PCSF measured at reduced times can easily be interpolated to their equilibrium level allowing clinicians to obtain PCSF values with high accuracy within seconds. This method can be used as an indirect estimation of ICP in routine clinical practice.
Incidence of early complications requiring treatment plan changes after vitreoretinal surgery: a single-center study in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Ji Hyun , Kim Jae Hui , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Information regarding incidence of treatment plan changes may be useful when discussing postoperative treatment plans for patients. Moreover, it may help establish a standardized postoperative treatment plan. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of early complications requiring treatment plan changes in patients following vitreoretinal surgery and investigate its risk factors.

Methods
This single-center retrospective study included 465 patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery. The reasons, incidence, and timing of treatment plan changes within 14 days of surgery were identified. Potential factors associated with the changes, such as patient demographics, surgeon’s experience, diagnoses, and type of surgery were also analyzed.

Results
The treatment plan was changed in 76 patients (16.3%) at a mean of 4.0 ± 3.2 days after vitreoretinal surgery. The reasons for the plan changes were increased intraocular pressure (IIOP) in 66(86.8%), intraocular inflammation in 2(2.6%), corneal edema in 3(3.9%), leakage from the sclerotomy wound in 3(3.9%) patients, and combined IIOP and intraocular inflammation in 2(2.6%). The date of discharge was postponed because of treatment plan changes in 17 patients (22.4%). The incidence of plan changes was higher in patients who underwent gas or oil tamponade (P < 0.001) and those who underwent surgery performed by less experienced surgeons (P = 0.034).

Conclusions
Treatment plan was changed in 16.3% of patients after vitreoretinal surgery. The risk of treatment plan changes was associated with the surgeon’s experience in vitreoretinal surgery and the type of surgery. These results should be considered when establishing standardized care plans for patients who require vitreoretinal surgery.
Assessment of anxiety and depression in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome
Authors: Qian Chaoxu , Soh Zhi Da , Thakur Sahil , Yan Wen , Shao Xian , Zhong Hua , Wang Kaidi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
To assess the anxiety and depression levels in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) and to determine the potential risk factors.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 195 participants, including 93 PSS patients and 102 healthy controls were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected for all participants. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) was administered to evaluate the anxiety and depression levels. Visual function (VF) and quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaires were administered to assess variables potentially associated with anxiety and depression.

Results
Increased anxiety level was observed in 22 (23.7%) PSS patients as compared to 10 (9.8%) of controls (P = 0.009). While the frequency of depression between the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.349). The mean anxiety and depression scores were 6.98 ± 4.20 and 6.44 ± 3.66 in PSS patients as compared to 6.67 ± 3.21 (P = 0.564) and 5.96 ± 2.93 (P = 0.311) in controls. Logistic regression analysis showed mental well-being was significantly associated with anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 0.920, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.881–0.962, P < 0.001) and depression (OR = 0.959, CI = 0.926–0.994, P = 0.023) in PSS patients.

Conclusion
More patients with PSS may experience anxiety as compared to healthy controls. Mental well-being is an independent risk factor for anxiety and depression. It is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of these factors and should pay more attention on mental health when PSS is managed in clinic.
Association of length of service and job category with occupational health literacy of port employees in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Jinlin , Mo Chunbao , Sheng Qiujie , Huang Yuehong , Lin Dafeng , Liang Yuan , Zhang Naixing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Health literacy (HL) is associated with health outcomes, but little is known about the occupational HL (OHL) for port employees and its link to the length of service and job category.

Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 3492 port employees from the Occupational Health Survey for Port Employees project, and a special questionnaire was utilized to measure the OHL status. Binary and ordinal logistic regressions were used to estimate the association.

Result
Among the participants, 72.90% had sufficient OHL with a mean score (standard deviation) of 53.10 (7.26). Binary logistic regression results indicated that the association between length of service (33–40 years group Adjusted OR = 1.11; 41–49 years group Adjusted OR = 1.14; ≥50 years group Adjusted OR = 1.19) and job category (longshoremen Adjusted OR = 0.90; driver Adjusted OR = 0.91) with OHL were statistically significant. Ordinal logistic regression results indicated that, for OHL, Adjusted OR was increased in different lengths of service level (33–40 years group, Adjusted OR = 1.50; 41–49 years group, Adjusted OR = 1.75; ≥50 years group, Adjusted OR = 2.19), and the Adjusted OR of skilled workers was 1.60.

Conclusion
Most port participants had sufficient OHL, and the length of service and job category could affect OHL. The effect of the length of service may be more obvious; the length of service can promote the improvement of OHL continuously.
Can we determine anterior hip coverage from pelvic anteroposterior radiographs? A study of patients with hip dysplasia
Authors: Cheng Hui , Zhang Zhendong , Sun Wei , Ren Ningtao , Luo Dianzhong , Li Yong , Zhang Jianli , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Insufficient coverage causes hip joint instability and results in hip pain. Anterior hip coverage can be determined on both pelvic anteroposterior (AP) radiographs and false profile (FP) radiographs. Four parameters are commonly used to determine the anterior coverage on pelvic AP radiographs: the crossover index, crossover sign, anterior wall index (AWI), and rule of thirds. This study aims to clarify the relationship between these 4 parameters on AP radiographs and the anterior center edge angle (ACEA) on FP radiographs.

Methods
In this study, 53 patients who underwent periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia at our center between July 2020 and October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Four parameters on AP radiographs and the ACEA on FP radiographs before surgery and 6 months after surgery were measured and compared for each hip.

Results
Upon examining the 53 hips in this study, there was no correlation between either the crossover index and the ACEA (P = 0.66) or the crossover sign before surgery. The postoperative correlation between the crossover index and the ACEA was weak (r = 0.36, P = 0.007), and that between the crossover sign and the ACEA was moderate (r = 0.41, P = 0.003). There was a weak correlation between the AWI and ACEA both before (r = 0.288, P = 0.036) and after (r = 0.349, P = 0.011) the operation. Evaluation of the anterior coverage by the rule of thirds was also not consistent when determining the anterior coverage with the ACEA.

Conclusion
Anterior coverage on AP radiographs is largely inconsistent with ACEA on FP radiographs, especially before the surgery. It is recommended to take FP radiographs routinely for determining anterior hip coverage.
Fanca deficiency is associated with alterations in osteoclastogenesis that are rescued by TNFα
Authors: Oppezzo Alessia , Monney Lovely , Kilian Henri , Slimani Lofti , Maczkowiak-Chartois Frédérique , Rosselli Filippo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche, which includes bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells, i.e., osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). OBs originate from mesenchymal progenitors, while OCs are derived from HSCs. Self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of HSCs are under the control of regulatory signals generated by OBs and OCs within the BM niche. Consequently, OBs and OCs control both bone physiology and hematopoiesis. Since the human developmental and bone marrow failure genetic syndrome fanconi anemia (FA) presents with skeletal abnormalities, osteoporosis and HSC impairment, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the main pathological abnormalities of FA could be related to a defect in OC physiology and/or in bone homeostasis.

Results
We revealed here that the intrinsic differentiation of OCs from a Fanca−/− mouse is impaired in vitro due to overactivation of the p53–p21 axis and defects in NF-kB signaling. The OC differentiation abnormalities observed in vitro were rescued by treating Fanca−/− cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α, by treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα or by coculturing them with Fanca-proficient or Fanca-deficient osteoblastic cells.

Conclusions
Overall, our results highlight an unappreciated role of Fanca in OC differentiation that is potentially circumvented in vivo by the presence of OBs and TNFα in the BM niche.