bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of contraceptive use on cancer risk among women of reproductive age – a systematic review
Authors: Jahanfar Shayesteh , Mortazavi Julie , Lapidow Amy , Cu Cassandra , Abosy Jude Al , Morris Kathyrn , Becerra-Mateus Juan Camilo , Steinfeldt Meredith , Maurer Olivia , Andrenacci Paula , Badawy Marwa , Bohang Jiang , Ali Moazzam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives: This review investigates the effects of modern contraceptive use such as birth control pills, injectables, long-acting reversible contraceptives (e.g., intrauterine devices, implants), and condoms on cancer risk.
Methods: We searched the CINAHL, OVID Medline, EMBASE, Psycho INFO, Maternity & Infant Care, LILACS, clinical trial.gov, web of science, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL Database from inception until February 2022, with no geographical restrictions.
We included studies with the following study designs: parallel or cluster randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before and after studies, interrupted time series studies, cohort or longitudinal analyses, regression discontinuity designs, case-control studies. We only included studies that included a comparison group, using a control group with no contraceptive usage.
As appropriate, studies were combined for meta-analysis when identical modern contraceptive tools, drugs, dosages, or regimens were used. We calculated relative risk or mean difference with a 95% confidence interval for each dichotomous or continuous outcome, respectively. Forest plots were produced for each comparison and outcome when two or more data points were identified.
Main Results: Cohort studies suggest significant reductions in the risk of developing ovarian (RR 0.66 95% CI [0.62,0.70]), cervical (RR 0.54 [0.48, 0.62] and endometrial (RR 0.69 95% CI [0.64,0.74]) cancers among contraceptive users. No significant differences were reported between users and non-users who had breast or colorectal cancer.
Conclusions: Contraceptives can protect women from ovarian and endometrial cancers. However, we found contraceptive use to be associated with an increased risk for cervical cancer regardless of contraceptive use duration. The findings necessitate additional research regarding the link between hormonal contraceptive use and cancer incidence. Providers should select contraceptive methods according to the situation of women with contraceptive intentions, taking age, physical status, mental status, family history, etc. into account to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
Can China’s vehicular emissions regulation reduce air pollution? — A quasi-natural experiment based on the latest National Vehicular Emissions Standard (stage-Ⅵ)
Authors: Liu Xing-Yuan , Xu Ling-xia , Wu Xiao-qing , Wen Hong-xing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The existing evidence on the environmental effects of vehicular emissions regulation almost comes from developed countries, but the effectiveness of this policy tool in developing countries, especially in China, remains unclear. This study, for the first time, examined the mitigating effects of China's vehicular emissions regulation on air pollution at the prefecture level cities, by using the latest implementation of China's National Vehicular Emissions Standard VI (CHINA-VI) as a quasi-natural experimental process of policy shocks. To this end, monthly data from 2018 to 2020 was applied to construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results showed that the air quality index (AQI) of pilot cities has significant decreased by 4.74 compared to non-pilot cities, after the implementation of CHINA-VI. Also, the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 has decreased by 3.6 μg∕m3, 6.4μg∕m3, and 3.0μg∕m3 respectively, which means the newly China’s vehicular emissions regulation has comprehensively improved air quality. The findings are still valid after a series of robustness tests using different estimation methods such as PSM-DID and IV-2SLS. In addition, we also found that heterogeneity in the environmental performance of CHINA-VI across cities. Specifically, cities with lower levels of green finance development and public environmental concern showed a greater emissions reduction effect, but smart cites showed a greater emissions reduction effect than non-smart cites.
Dietary Potassium liberalization with fruit and vegetables versus potassium restriction in people with Chronic Kidney Disease (DK-Lib CKD): a clinical trial protocol
Authors: Iman Yasmin , Balshaw Robert , Alexiuk Mackenzie , Hingwala Jay , Cahill Leah , Mollard Rebecca , Tangri Navdeep , Mackay Dylan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Potassium regulation in the body is primarily done in the kidney. In addition to this, hyperkalemia, occurs in approximately 10% of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with elevated all-cause mortality. Individuals with CKD are often told to restrict dietary potassium (K), however, this recommendation is based on low quality evidence. Reduced quality of life, limited dietary choices and nutritional deficiencies are all potential negative outcomes that may occur when restricting dietary K in CKD patients. There is a need for randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of dietary K modification on serum K concentrations in people with CKD.
Methods: A randomized 2-period crossover design comparing a liberalized K fruit and vegetable diet where participants will be required to consume ~ 3500 mg of dietary K daily, to a standard K restricted diet where participants will be required to consume < 2000 mg of dietary K daily. All participants will begin on a liberalized K run-in period for 2 weeks where they will receive fruit and vegetables home deliveries and for safety will have clinical chemistry, including serum potassium measurements taken after 1 week. Participants will then be randomized into either liberalized K or standard K diet for six weeks and then crossover to the other intervention for another 6 weeks after a 2-week washout period. Discussion: 30 male and female CKD outpatients, ≥18 years of age, who have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 15 and 45 ml/min/1.73m2 and serum K between 4.5 and 5.5 mEq/L. This design would have greater than 80% power to detect a difference of 0.35 mEq/L serum K between groups. Anthropometric measurements, clinical chemistry, dietary recalls, physical function assessments, as well as a quality of life assessments will also be measured in this trial. These findings will provide high quality evidence for, or against, recommendations for dietary K restriction in individuals living with CKD. The removal of K restriction could provide individuals living with CKD more dietary choice leading to improved dietary status and quality of life.
Trial Registration: This trial has received approval from the University of Manitoba Research Ethics board (HS25191 (B2021:104)).
Prognostic factors and long-term outcomes of surgically treated acute SDH in a tertiary centre of developing country a prospective observational study
Authors: Sinha Mainak , KUMAR Anil , Kamal Vineet Kumar , Karthikeyan Venkatesh , Anwer Majid , Kumar Anurag , Kumar Shashikant , Kumari Rekha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Backgrounds
Acute traumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) can be a life-threatening neurosurgical emergency that necessitates immediate evacuation. Predictor data for functional outcomes are scarce and mostly retrospective. The purpose of this prospective research is to evaluate the clinical presentation, risk factors, and final outcomes of SDH patients who underwent surgical intervention.
Methodology
A prospective observational study was conducted on a consecutive series of patients with surgically treated subdural hematoma (SDH) from November 2022 to March 2023. A comparison was made between individuals with favourable and unfavourable 3-month outcomes (as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] 0–3 versus 4–5) in terms of baseline clinical data, hospital and surgical course, complications, and imaging data. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed in order to determine the independent predictors of good outcomes. The nomogram was constructed by applying the model.
Results
101 SDH patients were surgically managed and followed up for 3 months. The admission GCS, haemoglobin, BUN, presence of brain bulge, and other associated injuries were found to be significantly different between good and poor outcome patients. The presence of a brain bulge was found to be significant in the multivariate model. A score of 30 can ensure a good functional outcome with a 95% probability.
Conclusion
The authors anticipate that the findings from this study, conducted at a single institution are helpful in preoperative discussions with patients and their families. These insights specifically pertain to the anticipated postoperative outcomes following the surgical evacuation of SDH.
Socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric factors associated with having four or more ANC at the Cuamba Health Facility, Niassa Province
Authors: Namalela Toze , Muaualo Miranda , Manuel Erica , Pupp Christopher , Maguele Maria Suzana Bata 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Prenatal care is recognized as one of the measures to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Many of the causes of maternal and neonatal death can be prevented, detected and treated during antenatal consultations. Mozambique still registers low rates of coverage of the minimum of 4 ANC. Only 59% of women who underwent ANC in 20220 had a record of 4 or more prenatal visits. This research aimed to analyse the influence of socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric factors on the performance of 4 or more prenatal consultations.
Methods: A sample of 131 women attended at postpartum consultations were recruited through a convenience sample to participate in the survey. Descriptive data analysis, Chi-square and Fisher association tests were performed to find the association between socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric variables in the performance of 4 or more ANC and a multivariable binary logistic regression model was built to predict completion of 4 or more ANC by women.
Results:About 60% of the participants had 4 or more ANC. This would be the same as saying: that having 4 or more ANC is associated with primiparity, secondary education, marital status and knowledge about the importance of ANC when they are more likely to have 4 or more ANC. with (OR=8.25; CI-95%: 1.03;65.97), (OR=4.31; CI-95%: 1.64;11.51), (OR=2.69 ;95%CI: 1.02;7.10) and (OR=5.68;95%CI: 2.35;13.76) respectively. The estimated binary and multivariate logistic regression model showed a predictive capacity of 76.8% and the probability of women having 4 or more ANC of 60%.
Conclusions: The results show the influence of socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric factors on the performance of 4 or more ANC. Strategies to promote and strengthen school, community and institutional education on the importance of carrying out ANC must be intensified.
Challenges and Opportunities of English as the Medium of Instruction in Diploma Midwifery Programs in Bangladesh: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Williams Anna , Stevens Jennifer , Begum Farida , Anderson Rondi , Bogren Malin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background English is generally recognized as the international language of science and most research on evidence-based medicine is produced in English. While Bangla is the dominant language in Bangladesh, public midwifery degree programs use English as a medium of instruction (EMI). This enables faculty and student access to the latest evidence-based midwifery content, which is essential for provision of quality care later. Yet, it also poses a barrier as limited English mastery among students and faculty limits both teaching and learning.Methods This mixed-methods case study investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of EMI in the context of diploma midwifery education in Bangladesh. Surveys were sent to principals at 38 public midwifery education institutions, and 14 English instructors at those schools. Additionally, ten key informant interviews were held with select knowledgeable stakeholders with key themes identified.Results Surveys found that English instructors are primarily guest lecturers, trained in general or business English, without a standardized curriculum or functional English Language Laboratories. Three key themes were identified in the key informant interviews. First, in addition to students’ challenges with English, faculty mastery of English presented challenges as well. Second, language labs were poorly maintained, often non-functional, and lacked faculty. Thirdly, an alternative education model, for example the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curriculum model, may be the most beneficial for existing programs to strengthen English competencies within midwifery schools.Conclusions ESP, which teaches English for application in a specific discipline, is one option available in Bangladesh for midwifery education. Native language instruction and the middle ground of multilingualism are also useful options. Although a major undertaking, investing in an ESP model and translation of technical midwifery content into relevant mother tongues may provide faster and more complete learning. In addition, a tiered system of requirements for English competencies tied to higher levels of midwifery education could build bridges to students to help them access global evidence-based care resources. Higher levels might emphasize English more heavily, while the diploma level would follow a multilingualism approach, teach using an ESP curriculum, and have complementary emphasis on the mother tongue.
Mediating roles of positive cognitive emotion regulation and sense of coherence in the relationship between family hardiness and post-traumatic growth among patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Na , Lixia Gao , Fang XiaoQing , Li Qing , Li Min , Wang Lin , Ma Kun , Ding Xuemei , Zhang Xiaoli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy develop post-traumatic growth after a traumatic experience of lung cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy treatment, which is closely related to their quality of life. Although some studies have reported the effects of family hardiness (FH) on post-traumatic growth (PTG), the psychological mechanisms between them remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether positive cognitive emotion regulation (PCER) and sense of coherence (SOC) mediate the relationship between FH and PTG in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 patients with lung cancer who underwent chemotherapy between April and September 2022 at two hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected using the Family Hardiness Index (FHI), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Sense of Coherence Scale, and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and mediation analyses were used.
Results: PTG was positively associated with FH (r = 0.33, P < 0.01), PCER (r = 0.31, P < 0.01), and SOC (r = 0.37, P < 0.01). FH was positively associated with PCER (r = 0.31, P < 0.01) and SOC (r = 0.40, P < 0.01). PCER was positively associated with SOC (r = 0.32, P < 0.01). The mediation analysis showed that FH affected PTG (β = 0.250, P = 0.025) directly and indirectly through PCER and SOC (β = 0.093, 0.160, P < 0.05). The mediating effects of PCER and SOC accounted for 18.49% and 31.81%, respectively, of the total effect(FH→PTG).
Conclusion: PCER and SOC mediated the relationship between FH and PTG in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, future interventional studies should consider PCER and SOC as targets for developing post-traumatic growth in patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy.
Household-level effects of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the Gambia
Authors: Soremekun Seyi , Conteh Bakary , Nyassi Abdoullah , Soumare Harouna , Etoketim Blessed , Ndiath Mamadou , Bradley John , D’Alessandro Umberto , Bousema Teun , Erhart Annette , Moreno Marta , Drakeley Chris 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In 2022 the WHO recommended the discretionary expansion of the eligible age range for seasonal malaria chemoprevention to children older than 4 years. Older children are at lower risk of clinical disease and severe malaria so there has been uncertainty about the cost benefit for national control programmes. However a growing body of laboratory research suggests school-age children are the majority contributors to the infectious reservoir for malaria, and extended age SMC programmes may have significant impacts on malaria transmission. Evidence for this effect in routinely implemented SMC programmes at scale is limited. In 2021 the Gambia extended the eligible age range for SMC to 9 years. We use a household-level mixed modelling approach in a population cohort covering 2210 inhabitants of 10 communities in the Upper River Region to demonstrate the hazard of clinical malaria in older participants aged 10 + years ineligible for SMC decreases by 20% for each additional SMC round per child 0–9 years in the same household. Older inhabitants also benefitted from reduced risk of asymptomatic infections in high SMC coverage households. We assessed these effects for spatial autoregression and showed that impacts are highly localised, with no detectable spillover from nearby households.
Safety and efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Dan , Zhang Peng , Zhou Wenhao , Hu Liyuan , Wang Laishuan , Cheng Guoqiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Though there has been an increase in the number of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated by therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in recent years, the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on mild HIE neonates is still uncertain.
Objectives
This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with mild HIE.
Methods
Retrospectively collected between January 2010 to December 2022 at Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, neonates with mild HIE were divided into TH and non-TH groups. Clinical data of the mild HIE neonates and their mothers’ general information during pregnancy were collected. SPSS 23.0 was used to compare the general condition, the incidence of adverse events, and efficacy in the two groups.
Results
A total of 71 neonates with mild HIE were included, including 31 in the TH group and 40 in the non-TH group. Compared with the non-TH group, the TH group had significantly lower 5-minute Apgar scores [6 (5–7) points vs. 7 (5–8) points, P = 0.033 ], but a higher rate of tracheal intubation at birth (67.7%, 21/31 vs. 40%, 16/40, P = 0.02), a higher rate of chest compressions > 30 seconds (38.7%, 12/31 vs. 15%, 6/40, P = 0.023), the later initiation enteral feeding [4 (3–4) days vs. 1 (1–2) days, P < 0.001], a higher usage rate of analgesic and sedative drugs (45.2%, 14/31 vs. 17.5%, 7/40, P = 0.011) and the longer hospital stay [12.5 (11–14) days vs. 9 (7-13.9) days, P = 0.003]. There was no death in 71 mild HIE neonates. The incidence of brain injury in the TH group was significantly lower than that in the non-TH group (16.1% vs. 42.5%, P = 0.017). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.
Conclusion
Therapeutic hypothermia can reduce the incidence of brain injury in neonates with mild HIE.
Dissecting and tracing the gut microbiota of infants with botulism: A cross sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Dai , Li Kexin , Wang Lijuan , Teng Zhongqiu , Luo Xia , Sun Hui , Huang Ying , Hu Songnian , Xu Xuefang , Lan Ruiting , He Zilong , Xu Jianguo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background. Infantile botulism is caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is mainly produced by Clostridium botulinum.However, there is a lack of longitudinal cohort study on infant botulism. Herein, we have constructed a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants infected with C. botulinum. Our goal was to reveal the differences in the intestinal microbiota of botulism-infected and healthy infants as well as the dynamic changes over time through multi-omics analysis.
Methods. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing of 20 infants’ stools over a period of 3 months. Through bioinformatics analysis, we focused on the changes in the infants’ intestinal microbiota as well as function over time series.
Results. We found that Enterococcus was significantly enriched in the infected group and declined over time, whereas Bifidobacterium was significantly enriched in the healthy group and gradually increased over time. All isolates carried the type B botulinum toxin gene with identical sequence. in silicoMultilocus sequence typing found that 20 C. botulinum isolates from the patients were typed into ST31 and ST32.
Conclusions. Differences of intestinal microbiota and functions in infants were found with botulism through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and Bifidobacterium may play a role in the recovery of infected infants.
Pre-harvest foliar application of bio-resources: A strategy to reduce post-harvest losses in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Gaur Ekta , Chandel Sunita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Evaluation of different bio-resources, as pre-harvest foliar sprays on the three predominant major diseases of garlic (basal plate rot, purple blotch and Stemphylium blight) in vitro and in field conditions and management of pathological and physiological losses in the storage were undertaken during 2020-21 on cultivar “Solan Selection”. Amongst different bio-resources cow urine recorded maximum mycelial inhibition (63.01%, 93.20% and 92.22%) in vitro and maximum disease reduction under field conditions (15.83%, 22.00% and 5.73%) achieved in three fungi, respectively. Cow urine, lemon grass and darek in general enhanced the growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, bulb yield and bulb number to maximum level. Under storage period of 3 months bio-resources treated bulbs with cow urine and darek were most effective in reducing the storage rot (13.89% and 14.92%) and the frequency of storage pathogens was recorded minimum in cow urine and bougainvillea (4.82% and 5.16%) for Fusarium oxysporum, darek and cow urine (2.59% and 3.25%) for Aspergillus niger, nirgundi (1.01%) for Penicillium allii and cow urine and darek (5.56 and 6.17%) for bacterial rot while physiological losses in the form of hollow bulbs were recorded to be managed by most of the bio-resources and percentage of hollow bulbs ranged between 7.78–13.34%, disintegrated bulbs were recorded minimum in cow urine and darek (1.11% and 2.22%) while minimum per cent weight loss was observed in darek (20.26%) after 3 month storage period.
Digital finance and green innovation efficiency: Empirical data from Chinese listed manufacturing companies
Authors: Lu Hongyu , Cheng Zhao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Employing Chinese A-share listed manufacturing businesses between 2011 and 2021, this research conducts an empirical analysis to study the effect of digital finance on corporate green innovation efficiency. Our discoveries suggest that digital finance improves manufacturing firms’ green innovation efficiency. After a few robustness tests, our results are still accurate. The effect is more pronounced in Zhejiang Province and central and western regions. According to a mechanism analysis, digital finance increases the effectiveness of green innovation by removing financing constraints. The findings offer policy suggestions for manufacturing companies to implement green innovation and improve its efficiency. Firstly, digital finance development should be accelerated. Secondly, keep an eye on the variations in digital finance. Finally, there has to be more regulation of digital finance.