bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term indoor gunshot exposure of special police forces induces bronchitic reactions and elevated blood lead levels—The Berlin shooting range study
Authors: Witt Christian , Kienast Camilla , Bölke Georg , Hoffmann Christina , Roehle Robert , Bender Olaf , Nowak Dennis , Tauber Rudolf , Gunga Hanns‐Christian , Hoffmann Peter , Coats Andrew J.S. , Liebers Uta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGunshot emissions contain toxic elements that can harm those frequently exposed, such as police officers. Several years ago, police indoor firing ranges were closed by the Berlin municipality in response to police officer health complaints, and an investigation was launched into the possible respiratory health risks of frequent gunshot emission exposure. We, therefore, conducted an exploratory cross‐sectional study to investigate clinical and functional parameters of respiratory health as well as the burden of trace elements in policemen with long‐term high exposure to indoor gunshot emissions, compared to low‐exposure and control groups.MethodsWe conducted lung function tests and collected blood and urine samples from Berlin police officers and government employees who were divided into three subject groups based on exposure to gunshot emissions: high exposure (n = 53), low exposure (n = 94) and no exposure (n = 76). Lung function was examined using body plethysmography. Blood and urine samples were tested via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the presence of common gunshot powder elements (antimony, lead and manganese). Exposure and symptoms were assessed using records as well as questionnaires.ResultsHigher exposure was associated with more respiratory symptoms during gun shooting practice (64% vs. 21%, P < 0.001) compared to the low‐exposure group. Headache, cough, discoloured mucous and shortness of breath were also more common as were some other symptoms. The cough symptomatology of the high‐exposure group also persisted significantly longer (median: 0.67 vs. 0.01 days, range: 0 to 5 days, P = 0.029) compared to the low‐exposure group. They also showed a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity quotient (Tiffeneau index), P = 0.018 between the three groups and P = 0.005 for the high‐exposure group, a possible marker of early, subclinical bronchial obstruction. We observed increased blood lead concentrations depending on subject's age (+1.2% per year, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–1.9%, P < 0.001) and cumulative gunshot exposure (+0.34% per 100 000 shots, 0.02–0.66%, P = 0.037).ConclusionsThese first results suggest that long‐term exposure to indoor gunshot emissions induces bronchitic reactions due to repeated irritation of the airways. Higher levels of exposure lead to more negatively impacted lung function and higher blood lead levels with the possible reason that more frequent exposure may mean shorter regeneration phases for the respiratory mucous membrane. We recommend a reduction of exposure to gunshot emissions in order to decrease symptoms and avoid any—even small—deterioration in spirometry.
Stability of the Couette flow under the 2D steady Navier–Stokes flow
Authors: Wang Wendong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this note, we investigate the stability property of shear flows under the 2D stationary Navier–Stokes equations, and obtain that the Couette flow (y, 0) is stable under the space of for any and unstable in the space of , which is sharp in this sense. A key observation is the choice of the anisotropic cut‐off function. The Poiseuille flow (y2, 0) is also considered as a by‐product, which is stable in the space of with via a lemma of Fefferman–Stein.
Low‐dose CT denoising with a high‐level feature refinement and dynamic convolution network
Authors: Yang Sihan , Pu Qiang , Lei Chunting , Zhang Qiao , Jeon Seunggil , Yang Xiaomin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the potential health risks of the radiation generated by computer tomography (CT), concerns have been expressed on reducing the radiation dose. However, low‐dose CT (LDCT) images contain complex noise and artifacts, bringing uncertainty to medical diagnosis.PurposeExisting deep learning (DL)‐based denoising methods are difficult to fully exploit hierarchical features of different levels, limiting the effect of denoising. Moreover, the standard convolution kernel is parameter sharing and cannot be adjusted dynamically with input change. This paper proposes an LDCT denoising network using high‐level feature refinement and multiscale dynamic convolution to mitigate these problems.MethodsThe dual network structure proposed in this paper consists of the feature refinement network (FRN) and the dynamic perception network (DPN). The FDN extracts features of different levels through residual dense connections. The high‐level hierarchical information is transmitted to DPN to improve the low‐level representations. In DPN, the two networks' features are fused by local channel attention (LCA) to assign weights in different regions and handle CT images' delicate tissues better. Then, the dynamic dilated convolution (DDC) with multibranch and multiscale receptive fields is proposed to enhance the expression and processing ability of the denoising network. The experiments were trained and tested on the dataset “NIH‐AAPM‐Mayo Clinic Low‐Dose CT Grand Challenge,” consisting of 10 anonymous patients with normal‐dose abdominal CT and LDCT at 25% dose. In addition, external validation was performed on the dataset “Low Dose CT Image and Projection Data,” which included 300 chest CT images at 10% dose and 300 head CT images at 25% dose.ResultsProposed method compared with seven mainstream LDCT denoising algorithms. On the Mayo dataset, achieved peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR): 46.3526 dB (95% CI: 46.0121–46.6931 dB) and structural similarity (SSIM): 0.9844 (95% CI: 0.9834–0.9854). Compared with LDCT, the average increase was 3.4159 dB and 0.0239, respectively. The results are relatively optimal and statistically significant compared with other methods. In external verification, our algorithm can cope well with ultra‐low‐dose chest CT images at 10% dose and obtain PSNR: 28.6130 (95% CI: 28.1680–29.0580 dB) and SSIM: 0.7201 (95% CI: 0.7101–0.7301). Compared with LDCT, PSNR/SSIM is increased by 3.6536dB and 0.2132, respectively. In addition, the quality of LDCT can also be improved in head CT denoising.ConclusionsThis paper proposes a DL‐based LDCT denoising algorithm, which utilizes high‐level features and multiscale dynamic convolution to optimize the network's denoising effect. This method can realize speedy denoising and performs well in noise suppression and detail preservation, which can be helpful for the diagnosis of LDCT.
Variation in the utilisation of physiotherapy in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis prior to total knee arthroplasty a systematic review
Authors: Grenier Jean‐Pascal , Rothmund Maria , Missmann Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to demographic changes and increasing knee osteoarthritis (KOA) prevalence, the incidence of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) is constantly rising. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of KOA unanimously recommend non‐surgical interventions such as exercise, education, and weight reduction in overweight patients. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the proportion of patients with end‐stage KOA who attended physiotherapy (PT) prior to TKA.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out in the medical databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), PEDro, and EBSCO in August of 2022. Studies were included regardless of their design, if they reported the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of primary KOA, who participated in PT prior to undergoing TKA. Study quality assessment was performed by two independent authors using the Joanna Briggs Institutes Checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. Results were presented by using a narrative synthesis.ResultsEighteen studies, comprising 579,718 patients, were identified in this systematic review. PT utilisation prior to TKA ranged from 10% to 73% for patients with advanced KOA. Only two studies showed PT utilisation rates of 60% or higher. Female gender, higher income, better socioeconomic status, higher education levels, older age were associated with PT utilisation. Data for other predicting factors was conflicting.DiscussionThis review shows substantial variation in the utilisation of PT in patients with end‐stage KOA. This is concerning, considering the uniform recommendation from clinical practice guidelines for non‐surgical treatments like exercise and education in patients with KOA, which are mostly provided by physiotherapists.
Healthcare professionals' perceptions of psychosocial support for family members in palliative care inpatient units—A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Soikkeli‐Jalonen Anu , Mishina Kaisa , Virtanen Heli , Charalambous Andreas , Haavisto Elina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe the psychosocial support healthcare professionals in specialist palliative inpatient units provide to family members of palliative care patients.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodThe data were collected with focus group interviews and analysed with inductive content analysis.ResultsAltogether, 48 healthcare professionals, including physicians, registered nurses and practical nurses, participated in the study. Information sharing was recognised as an essential element of support. Methods to improve support of family members included an opportunity to allocate recourses to the families, systematic support and strengthening healthcare professionals' competence in family care.The healthcare professionals describe their perceptions of psychosocial support for family members primarily through patient care and the patient's situation rather than family needs. Direct support for the family members is realised principally by information sharing and conversations. Healthcare professionals express their opportunities to implement support focusing on family members' needs restricted by reason of organisational resources.The information can be used when developing and improving family care in palliative care context to recognise the most relevant needs from healthcare professionals' perspective and also when implementing healthcare professionals' education and training.
CDT1 drives replication overlicensing and enhances tumorigenesis in the gut†
Authors: Monteleone Giovanni , Stolfi Carmine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractColorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common forms of malignancy in the Western world. Recent decades have witnessed enormous progress in our understanding of the mechanisms that sustain CRC, even though the factors implicated in the initiation and progression of this neoplasia are not fully understood. A recent study published in The Journal of Pathology looked at the consequences of hyperactivity of chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1), a regulator of DNA replication that is produced in excess in CRC, on the course of intestinal tumorigenesis. Mice engineered to selectively overexpress CDT1 and/or lack Geminin, an inhibitor of CDT1, in the intestinal epithelium were more susceptible to experimental intestinal tumorigenesis compared to wild‐type mice. This work supports the pro‐tumorigenic role of CDT1 and suggests the potential prognostic value of this protein in CRC. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Impact of middle cerebral artery pulsatility index on donor survival in twin‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Krispin Eyal , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Mustafa Hiba J. , Sun Raphael C. , Espinoza Jimmy , Nassr Ahmed A. , Sanz‐Cortes Magdalena , Ugoji Chilaka H. , Harman Christopher , Turan Ozhan , Belfort Michael A. , Donepudi Roopali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess outcomes in twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) according to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA‐PI) prior to fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLPC) surgery.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of monochorionic‐twin pregnancies complicated by TTTS who underwent FLPC at two fetal centers (2012–2021). The cohort was stratified according to abnormal MCA‐PI of the donor twin, defined as below fifth centile for gestational age.ResultsAbnormal MCA‐PI of the donor twin was detected in 46 (17.7%) cases compared to 213 (83.3%) controls with no such abnormality. The abnormal PI group presented with higher rates of sFGR (56.5% vs. 36.8% in controls, p = 0.014) and lower donor survival rates within 48 h after FLPC (73.9 vs. 86.8%, p = 0.029). Donor twin survival rates at the time of delivery and 30 days after birth were lower in the abnormal MCA‐PI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for sFGR and MCA‐PI <fifth centile demonstrated the latter to be independently associated with lower survival rates at the time of delivery and 30 days after birth [OR = 0.497 95%CI (0.250–0.986) p = 0.045, and OR = 0.499 95%CI (0.252–0.986), p = 0.046, respectively]. Recipient's survival rates did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsDonor survival at the time of delivery and 30 days after birth was lower in TTTS cases with MCA‐PI<fifth centile for gestational age prior to laser surgery. This parameter may be considered when evaluating prognosis for TTTS.
Conformational comparison of urea and thiourea near the CCSD(T) complete basis set limit
Authors: Barlow Kayleigh R. , Tschumper Gregory S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe global minima of urea and thiourea were characterized along with other low‐lying stationary points. Each structure was optimized with the CCSD(T) method and triple‐ζ correlation consistent basis sets followed by harmonic vibrational frequency computations. Relative energies evaluated near the complete basis set limit with both canonical and explicitly correlated CCSD(T) techniques reveal several subtle but important details about both systems. These computations resolve a discrepancy by demonstrating that the electronic energy of the C2v second‐order saddle point of urea lies at least 1.5 kcal mol−1 above the C2 global minimum regardless of whether the structures were optimized with MP2, CCSD, or CCSD(T). Additionally, urea effectively has one minimum instead of two because the electronic barrier for inversion at one amino group in the Cs local minimum vanishes at the CCSD(T) CBS limit. Characterization of both systems with the same ab initio methods and large basis sets conclusively establishes that the electronic barriers to inversion at one or both NH2 groups in thiourea are appreciably smaller than in urea. CCSDT(Q)/cc‐pVTZ computations show higher‐order electron correlation effects have little impact on the relative energies and are consistently offset by core correlation effects of opposite sign and comparable magnitude.
Hardness and indentation modulus of human enamel and dentin
Authors: Andrejovská Jana , Petruš Ondrej , Medveď Dávid , Vojtko Marek , Riznič Marcel , Kizek Peter , Dusza Ján 
Published: December 2022

Information on mechanical properties of human enamel and dentin and effect of load on their deformation and damage tolerance is very important in the development of successful dental materials. In this study, the hardness, indentation modulus and deformation characteristics of tooth have been investigated across the lingual–buccal enamel and dentin cross‐section by instrumented indentation up to 1500‐nm indentation depth. We realized and examined the distribution of hardness and modulus at different areas of enamel and dentin with the aim to understand deformation behaviour at these different locations. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the microstructure characterization of the enamel and dentin and their deformation behaviour. Raman spectroscopy analyses were carried out for determination of the enamel and dentin composition as well. The average values of hardness and modulus for enamel in the occlusal area are 5.35 ± 0.19 and 98.1 ± 1.5 GPa, in the inner area 3.68 ± 0.5 and 81.8 ± 5 GPa and in the area close to the dentin–enamel junction 2.83 ± 0.27 and 71.4 ± 4.1 GPa, respectively. The average values of hardness and modulus of dentin in the area close to the dentin–enamel junction are 0.71 ± 0.05 and 21.27 ± 0.76 GPa and in the inner area 0.65 ± 0.06 and 19.79 ± 0.93 GPa, respectively. The effect of the indentation location on deformation and mechanical properties was clarified.
Dual careers and the willingness to consider employment in startup ventures
Authors: Manchester Colleen Flaherty , Benson Alan , Shaver J. Myles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryTo grow, startup ventures often require the skills of professional managers familiar with running larger organizations. However, risk considerations may discourage such candidates from departing high‐paying, stable jobs. Interpreting the manager's decision within a household holding a “portfolio” of jobs, we hypothesize that having a spouse whose career is prioritized mitigates risk as a barrier to joining a startup. Survey data corroborate that both men and women with a career‐prioritized spouse are less likely to report risk as a barrier. However, having a career‐prioritized spouse only translates to a greater interest in startup employment among men. Our findings have implications for understanding the challenges startup ventures face when attracting managerial talent, how dual careers and gender affect managers' careers, and regional entrepreneurial ecosystems.Managerial SummaryUsing survey data from professional managers working in corporate headquarters, we show that being in a dual‐career household increases one's willingness and lowers the perceived risk of leaving their job and joining a startup venture—especially if the household prioritizes their spouse's career. However, the increased willingness to join a startup in households that prioritize their spouse's career is only manifest for men. These findings highlight how dual‐career households can be a talent source for startup ventures and suggest that regions with greater concentrations of dual‐career households might be especially advantageous for startup ventures. Nevertheless, our results also suggest that gender norms are an impediment for dual‐career women when considering employment in startup ventures.
Tailoring Spin State of Perovskite Oxides by Fluorine Atom Doping for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ran Jiaqi , Wang Linchuan , Si Mingsu , Liang Xiaolei , Gao Daqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPromoting the initially deficient but economical catalysts to high‐performing competitors is important for developing superior catalysts. Unlike traditional nano‐morphology construction methods, this work focuses on intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement via heteroatom doping strategies to induce lattice distortion and optimize spin‐dependent orbital interaction to alter charge transfer between catalysts and reactants. Experimentally, a series of different concentrations of fluorine‐doped lanthanum cobaltate (Fx‐LaCoO3) exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic activity is synthesized, including a low overpotential of 390 mV atj = 10 mA cm−2for OER and a large half‐wave potential of 0.68 V for ORR. Meanwhile, the assembled rechargeable Zn–air batteries deliver an excellent performance with a large specific capacity of 811 mAh/gZnunder 10 mA cm−2and stability of charge/recharge (120 h). Theoretically, taking advantage of density functional theory calculations, it is found that the prominent OER/ORR performance arises from the spin state transition of Co3+(Low spin state (LS, t2g6eg0) → Intermediate spin state (IS, t2g5eg1) and the mediated d‐band center upshift by F atom incorporation. This work establishes a novel avenue for designing superior electrocatalysts in perovskite‐based oxides by regulating spin states.
Implementing scripted conversations by means of smart assistants
Authors: Pacheco‐Lorenzo Moisés , Fernández‐Iglesias Manuel J. , Valladares‐Rodriguez Sonia , Anido‐Rifón Luis E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmart assistants are among the most popular technological devices at home. With a built‐in voice‐based user interface, they provide access to a broad portfolio of online services and information, and constitute the central element of state‐of‐the‐art home automation systems. This work discusses the challenges addressed and the solutions adopted for the design and implementation of scripted conversations by means of off‐the‐shelf smart assistants. Scripted conversations play a fundamental role in many application fields, such as call center facilities, retail customer services, rapid prototyping, role‐based training or the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. To illustrate this proposal, an actual implementation of the phone version of the Montreal cognitive assessment test as an Amazon's Alexa skill is described as a proof‐of‐concept.
The potential ecological risk of veterinary pharmaceuticals from swine wastewater on freshwater aquatic environment
Authors: Udebuani Angela Chika , Pereao Omoniyi , Akharame Michael Ovbare , Fatoki Olalekan Siyanbola , Opeolu Beatrice Olutoyin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impact of pharmaceutical residue transport in the aquatic ecosystem has become an increasing subject of environmental interest due to the inherent bioactivity of trace levels of antibiotics and the negative environmental and public health impact. In this study, three veterinary pharmaceuticals including tetracycline, ivermectin, and salicylic acid were investigated in a piggery effluent from Western Cape, South Africa. Three freshwater organisms' taxonomic groups (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna, and Tetrahymena thermophila) were used to determine the ecological risk of different treated piggery effluent concentration range of 1%, 10%, and 20% and a cocktail mixture of veterinary pharmaceuticals of environmental concerns. The average concentration of veterinary pharmaceuticals was in the range of 47.35, 7.19, and 1.46 μg L−1 for salicylic acid, chloro‐tetracycline, and ivermectin, respectively. P. subcapitata exposed to 20% piggery wastewater effluent at 24‐ and 48‐h EC50 showed a toxicity value of 14.2% and 13.6% (v/v), respectively. The study established the ecological risk of the test compounds as low to medium risk for low‐level dose and low concentrations of piggery effluent. The relative sensitivity ranking of the taxa drawn is microalgae > protozoa > Cladocera. The study results demonstrated that a high dose of piggery effluent and mixtures of veterinary pharmaceutical can pose a high risk in freshwater ecosystems.Practitioner Points

Transport processes of veterinary antibiotics into the environment were investigated.
Dilution effect of the veterinary pharmaceutical on the antibiotic levels exists.
High dose of piggery effluent presented an ecological risk.