bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism modulates gray matter structural networks, visual memory, and inhibitory cognitive control in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chen Ying , Cao Hengyi , Pan Nanfang , Long Yajing , Zhou Jinbo , Zhou Chunfeng , Wang Yi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ADRA2A-1291 C &gt; G polymorphism and deficits in visual memory and inhibitory control were associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study aimed to examine whether the ADRA2A G/G genotype affected gray matter (GM) networks in ADHD and whether these gene–brain modulations were associated with cognitive function in ADHD. Seventy-five drug-naïve ADHD children and 70 healthy controls were recruited. The GM networks were obtained based on areal similarities of GM, and network topological properties were analyzed using graph theory. Visual memory and inhibitory control were assessed by the visual memory test and the Stroop test, respectively. SNP genotyping of rs1800544 was performed. A significant interaction between ADHD diagnosis and gene polymorphism was observed in the nodal degree of the left inferior parietal lobule and left inferior (opercular) frontal gyrus. In the ADHD group, nodal efficiency in the left inferior (orbital) frontal gyrus in ADHD with G/G was lower than that in ADHD without G/G. Moreover, the ADRA2A-modulated alterations in nodal properties were associated with visual memory and inhibitory control. Our findings provide novel gene–brain behavior association evidence that GM network alterations, especially in the frontoparietal loop, were related to visual memory and inhibitory control in ADHD children with ADRA2A-G/G.
Characterizing the hypertensive cardiovascular phenotype in the UK Biobank
Authors: Elghazaly Hussein , McCracken Celeste , Szabo Liliana , Malcolmson James , Manisty Charlotte H , Davies Alun H , Piechnik Stefan K , Harvey Nicholas C , Neubauer Stefan , Mohiddin Saidi A , Petersen Steffen E , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
To describe hypertension-related cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes in the UK Biobank considering variations across patient populations.

Methods and results
We studied 39 095 (51.5% women, mean age: 63.9 ± 7.7 years, 38.6% hypertensive) participants with CMR data available. Hypertension status was ascertained through health record linkage. Associations between hypertension and CMR metrics were estimated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for major vascular risk factors. Stratified analyses were performed by sex, ethnicity, time since hypertension diagnosis, and blood pressure (BP) control. Results are standardized beta coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, and P-values corrected for multiple testing. Hypertension was associated with concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (increased LV mass, wall thickness, concentricity index), poorer LV function (lower global function index, worse global longitudinal strain), larger left atrial (LA) volumes, lower LA ejection fraction, and lower aortic distensibility. Hypertension was linked to significantly lower myocardial native T1 and increased LV ejection fraction. Women had greater hypertension-related reduction in aortic compliance than men. The degree of hypertension-related LV hypertrophy was greatest in Black ethnicities. Increasing time since diagnosis of hypertension was linked to adverse remodelling. Hypertension-related remodelling was substantially attenuated in hypertensives with good BP control.

Conclusion
Hypertension was associated with concentric LV hypertrophy, reduced LV function, dilated poorer functioning LA, and reduced aortic compliance. Whilst the overall pattern of remodelling was consistent across populations, women had greater hypertension-related reduction in aortic compliance and Black ethnicities showed the greatest LV mass increase. Importantly, adverse cardiovascular remodelling was markedly attenuated in hypertensives with good BP control.
Redefining cardiac damage staging in aortic stenosis: the value of GLS and RVAc
Authors: Gutierrez-Ortiz Eva , Olmos Carmen , Carrión-Sanchez Irene , Jiménez-Quevedo Pilar , Nombela-Franco Luis , Párraga Rocío , Gil-Abizanda Sandra , Mahía Patricia , Luaces María , de Agustín José Alberto , Islas Fabián 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac damage staging has been postulated as a prognostic tool in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aims of our study are (i) to validate cardiac damage staging systems previously described to stratify patients with aortic stenosis (AS), (ii) to identify independent risk factors for 1-year mortality in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR, and (iii) to develop a novel staging model and compare its predictive performance to that of the above mentioned.

Methods and results
Patients undergoing TAVR from 2017 to 2021 were included in a single-centre prospective registry. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients before TAVR. Logistic and Cox’s regression analysis were used to identify predictors of 1-year all-cause mortality. In addition, patients were classified based on previously published cardiac damage staging systems, and the predictive performance of the different scores was measured.
Four hundred and ninety-six patients (mean age 82.1 ± 5.9 years, 53% female) were included. Mitral regurgitation (MR), left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and right ventricular-arterial coupling (RVAc) were independent predictors of all-cause 1-year mortality. A new classification system with four different stages was developed using LV-GLS, MR, and RVAc. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.63–0.76), and its predictive performance was superior compared with the previously published systems (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Cardiac damage staging might have an important role in patients’ selection and better timing for TAVR. A model that includes LV-GLS, MR, and RVAc may help to improve prognostic stratification and contribute to better selection of patients undergoing TAVR.
Physical exercise volume, type, and intensity and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease: a mediation analysis
Authors: Bonekamp Nadia E , May Anne M , Halle Martin , Dorresteijn Jannick A N , van der Meer Manon G , Ruigrok Ynte M , de Borst Gert J , Geleijnse Johanna M , Visseren Frank L J , Koopal Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo estimate the relation between physical exercise volume, type, and intensity with all-cause mortality and recurrent vascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to quantify to what extent traditional cardiovascular risk factors mediate these relations.Methods and resultsIn the prospective UCC-SMART cohort (N = 8660), the associations of clinical endpoints and physical exercise volume (metabolic equivalent of task hours per week, METh/wk), type (endurance vs. endurance + resistance), and intensity (moderate vs. vigorous) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox models. The proportion mediated effect (PME) through body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation was assessed using structural equation models. Sixty-one percent of patients (73% male, age 61 ± 10 years, &gt;70% receiving lipid-lowering and blood pressure–lowering medications) reported that they did not exercise. Over a median follow-up of 9.5 years [interquartile range (IQR) 5.1–14.0], 2256 deaths and 1828 recurrent vascular events occurred. The association between exercise volume had a reverse J-shape with a nadir at 29 (95% CI 24–29) METh/wk, corresponding with a HR 0.56 (95% CI 0.48–0.64) for all-cause mortality and HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.55–0.73) for recurrent vascular events compared with no exercise. Up to 38% (95% CI 24–61) of the association was mediated through the assessed risk factors of which insulin sensitivity (PME up to 12%, 95% CI 5–25) and systemic inflammation (PME up to 18%, 95% CI 9–37) were the most important.ConclusionRegular physical exercise is significantly related with reduced risks of all-cause mortality and recurrent vascular events in patients with CVD. In this population with high rates of lipid-lowering and blood pressure­–lowering medication use, exercise benefits were mainly mediated through systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Trends in ST-elevation myocardial infarction hospitalization among young adults: a binational analysis
Authors: Moledina Saadiq M , Matetic Andrija , Weight Nicholas , Rashid Muhammad , Sun Louise , Fischman David L , Van Spall Harriette G C , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) is typically associated with increased age, but there is an important group of patients who suffer from STEMI under the age of 50 who are not well characterized in studies.

Methods and results
We analysed results from Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project (MINAP) from the United Kingdom (UK) between 2010 and 2017 and the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the United States of America (USA) between 2010 and 2018. After exclusion criteria, there were 32 719 STEMI patients aged ≤50 from MINAP, and 238 952 patients’ ≤50 from the NIS. We analysed temporal trends in demographics, management, and mortality. The proportion of females increased, 15.6% (2010–2012) to 17.6% (2016–2017) (UK) and 22.8% (2010–2012) to 23.1% (2016–2018) (USA). The proportion of white patients decreased, from 86.7% (2010) to 79.1% (2017) (UK) and 72.1% (2010) to 67.1% (2017) (USA). Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) rates increased in UK (2010–2012: 89.0%, 2016–2017: 94.3%), while decreased in USA (2010–2012: 88.9%, 2016–2018: 86.2% (USA). After adjusting for baseline characteristics and management strategies, there was no difference in all-cause mortality in the UK in 2016–2017 compared to 2010–2012 (OR:1.21, 95% CI:0.60–2.40), but there was a decrease in the USA in 2016–2018 compared to 2010–2012 (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79–0.90).

Conclusion
The demographics of young STEMI patients have temporally changed in the UK and USA, with increased proportions of females and ethnic minorities. There was a significant increase in the frequency of diabetes mellitus over the respective time periods in both countries.
Quorum sensing architecture network in Escherichia coli virulence and pathogenesis
Authors: Mayer Celia , Borges Anabela , Flament-Simon Saskia-Camille , Simões Manuel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium of the normal microbiota of humans and animals. However, several E. coli strains are opportunistic pathogens responsible for severe bacterial infections, including gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant serotypes that can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, E. coli is considered one of the most troublesome human pathogens worldwide. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of its virulence control mechanisms is essential for the development of new anti-pathogenic strategies. Numerous bacteria rely on a cell density-dependent communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) to regulate several bacterial functions, including the expression of virulence factors. The QS systems described for E. coli include the orphan SdiA regulator, an autoinducer-2 (AI-2), an autoinducer-3 (AI-3) system, and indole, which allow E. coli to establish different communication processes to sense and respond to the surrounding environment. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge of the global QS network in E. coli and its influence on virulence and pathogenesis. This understanding will help to improve anti-virulence strategies with the E. coli QS network in focus.
Natural variation in codon bias and mRNA folding strength interact synergistically to modify protein expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wienecke Anastacia N , Barry Margaret L , Pollard Daniel A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Codon bias and mRNA folding strength (mF) are hypothesized molecular mechanisms by which polymorphisms in genes modify protein expression. Natural patterns of codon bias and mF across genes as well as effects of altering codon bias and mF suggest that the influence of these 2 mechanisms may vary depending on the specific location of polymorphisms within a transcript. Despite the central role codon bias and mF may play in natural trait variation within populations, systematic studies of how polymorphic codon bias and mF relate to protein expression variation are lacking. To address this need, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data for 22 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates, estimated protein accumulation for each allele of 1,620 genes as the log of protein molecules per RNA molecule (logPPR), and built linear mixed-effects models associating allelic variation in codon bias and mF with allelic variation in logPPR. We found that codon bias and mF interact synergistically in a positive association with logPPR, and this interaction explains almost all the effects of codon bias and mF. We examined how the locations of polymorphisms within transcripts influence their effects and found that codon bias primarily acts through polymorphisms in domain-encoding and 3′ coding sequences, while mF acts most significantly through coding sequences with weaker effects from untranslated regions. Our results present the most comprehensive characterization to date of how polymorphisms in transcripts influence protein expression.
Chinese visions of self and Other: the international politics of noses
Authors: Callahan William A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How does China view the world? While much has been written about how China's international relations are best seen as intercultural relations that do not exclude the Other, this article examines how self/Other relations are visualized in terms of the human face in China, in particular through iconic images that construct the Chinese self with and against foreigners with large noses. It employs interpretivist methods to consider the interplay of social relations and international relations in order to see how ‘external appearance’ and ‘external relations’ inform each other in Chinese theory and practice. It mobilizes the classical Chinese concept ‘deep-set eyes and high-bridged nose’ to compare iconic Chinese images of noses from the Tang dynasty, the Korean War, and twenty-first century China and Taiwan. This critical juxtaposition shows how foreigners are visualized as both friends and enemies in a hierarchical social system. The article's use of visual International Relations (IR) methods enables us to re-examine foreign affairs as a site of affective politics, and thus appreciate how China's ideological world-view resonates with how its artists, scholars and officials aesthetically view the world. This is a concern for IR scholars because world-views shape how foreign policy-makers frame foreign policy problems—and thus foreign policy solutions.
Designing Adaptive, Mixed-Mode HCI Research for Resilience
Authors: Verma Nitin , Fleischmann Kenneth R , Koltai Kolina S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We describe the design of a mixed-mode study that illustrates an adaptive approach to conducting HCI research. This mixed-mode approach is resilient to circumstances created by public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We based our study around a web-based survey instrument that was used both online (N = 205) and in an HCI lab (N = 29). Both modalities offer their respective advantages and limitations but complement each other to paint a picture that could not be obtained with either modality by itself. We believe that this approach may be timely and helpful for HCI researchers who moved to online data collection during the pandemic and are looking for ways to augment that data with lab data. This study design provides a potential template for mixed-mode research that can be resilient to future societal crises.
Modelling the impact of treatment adherence on the transmission of HIV drug resistance
Authors: Lai Hao , Li Rui , Li Zengbin , Zhang Baoming , Li Chao , Song Chang , Zhao Quanbi , Huang Jinghua , Zhu Qiuying , Liang Shujia , Chen Huanhuan , Li Jianjun , Liao Lingjie , Shao Yiming , Xing Hui , Ruan Yuhua , Lan Guanghua , Zhang Lei , Shen Mingwang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
A lower adherence rate (percentage of individuals taking drugs as prescribed) to ART may increase the risk of emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistance, decrease treatment efficacy, and increase mortality rate. Exploring the impact of ART adherence on the transmission of drug resistance could provide insights in controlling the HIV epidemic.

Methods
We proposed a dynamic transmission model incorporating the CD4 cell count-dependent rates of diagnosis, treatment and adherence with transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance. This model was calibrated and validated by 2008–2018 HIV/AIDS surveillance data and prevalence of TDR among newly diagnosed treatment-naive individuals from Guangxi, China, respectively. We aimed to identify the impact of adherence on drug resistance and deaths during expanding ART.

Results
In the base case (ART at 90% adherence and 79% coverage), we projected the cumulative total new infections, new drug-resistant infections, and HIV-related deaths between 2022 and 2050 would be 420 539, 34 751 and 321 671. Increasing coverage to 95% would reduce the above total new infections (deaths) by 18.85% (15.75%). Reducing adherence to below 57.08% (40.84%) would offset these benefits of increasing coverage to 95% in reducing infections (deaths). Every 10% decrease in adherence would need 5.07% (3.62%) increase in coverage to avoid an increase in infections (deaths). Increasing coverage to 95% with 90% (80%) adherence would increase the above drug-resistant infections by 11.66% (32.98%).

Conclusions
A decrease in adherence might offset the benefits of ART expansion and exacerbate the transmission of drug resistance. Ensuring treated patients’ adherence might be as important as expanding ART to untreated individuals.
Clinical use and effectiveness of dolutegravir and lamivudine: a long-term, real-world, retrospective study
Authors: Martínez-Serra Adrián , De Lazzari Elisa , Berrocal Leire , Foncillas Alberto , De La Mora Lorena , Inciarte Alexy , Chivite Iván , González-Cordón Ana , Martínez-Rebollar María , Torres Berta , Laguno Montserrat , Blanco José Luis , Martínez Esteban , Mallolas Josep , Ambrosioni Juan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The use of dolutegravir/lamivudine is based on solid clinical trials; however, real-world data remain limited.

Objectives
To provide data on the clinical use and effectiveness of dolutegravir/lamivudine in persons with HIV in a real-world scenario.

Patients and methods
Retrospective, single-centre and observational study. We included all adults starting dolutegravir/lamivudine since November 2014. We reported all demographic, virological and immunological variables at baseline and assessed effectiveness [on treatment (OT), modified ITT (mITT) and ITT in those persons who reached 6 and 12 month follow-ups (M6 and M12).

Results
Of the 1058 persons, 9 were treatment-naive; the final analysis included 1049 treatment-experienced people with HIV. Median (IQR) follow-up was 1 (0.3–1.6) years, with 81% and 63% persons reaching M6 and M12, respectively. The longest use of dolutegravir/lamivudine was 7.4 years. Per OT, mITT and ITT, HIV-RNA &lt; 50 copies/mL was 97%, 92% and 81% (M6) and 98%, 90% and 80% (M12), respectively. Females [adjusted risk ratio, aRR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.19–2.40)]; immediate, previous PI-based regimen [aRR (95% CI): 1.67 (1.09–2.56)]; and viral load (VL) ≥ 50 copies/mL at dolutegravir/lamivudine initiation [aRR (95% CI): 3.36 (2.32–4.88)] were independently associated with lack of effectiveness at M12; other demographic, immunological and virological variables like previous M184V/I substitutions or virological failure, were unrelated. Of the total, 944 (90%) continued dolutegravir/lamivudine. The most frequent known reason for discontinuation was toxicity [48 (46%) cases].

Conclusions
In our real-world experience, virological suppression rates were high for treatment-experienced persons on dolutegravir/lamivudine; however, we identified subgroups with a higher risk of lack of effectiveness at M12, who may benefit from closer follow-ups.
The case for expressing nursing theories using ontologies
Authors: Umberfield Elizabeth E , Ball Dunlap Patricia A , Harris Marcelline R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nursing and informatics share a common strength in their use of structured representations of domains, specifically the underlying notion of ‘things’ (ie, concepts, constructs, or named entities) and the relationships among those things. Accurate representation of nursing knowledge in machine-interpretable formats is a necessary next step for leveraging contemporary technologies. Expressing validated nursing theories in ontologies, and in particular formal ontologies, would serve not only nursing, but also investigators from other domains, clinical information system developers, and the users of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence that seek to learn from the real-world data and evidence generated by nurses and others. Such efforts will enable sharing knowledge and conceptualizations about phenomena across the domains of nursing and generating, testing, revising, and providing theoretically-based perspectives when leveraging contemporary technologies. Nursing is well situated for this work, leveraging intentional and focused collaborations among nurse informaticists, scientists, and theorists.