bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Agglutinative Reaction in Relation to Pertussis and to Prophylactic Vaccination against Pertussis with Description of a New Technic
Authors: Miller John J. , Silverberg Rosalie J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A new technic of tube-agglutination for H. pertussis is described. Mechanical rocking of the tubes for two hours at room temperature suffices. Twenty-four hour growth of H. pertussis is used. The small amount of serum required (0.1 cc.) may be obtained by the use of ear- or toe-puncture and collection in a Lyon's tube.
The sera from 10 of 101 children with negative histories for pertussis produced agglutination, but under the age of 5 years the agglutinative titers in the positive sera were not higher than 1:20.
The sera from 161 of 164 children who had been injected with phase I H. pertussis vaccine produced agglutination. The titers of the positive sera were in general high, usually 1:160 or higher. Second and occasionally third specimens of serum obtained at wide intervals up to 38 months after vaccination showed a tendency to maintenance of titer.
The sera from 15 of 17 children with pertussis produced agglutination at some time during the disease. The titer of agglutination attained was extremely variable and seldom over 1:160.
The sera from 36 of 67 children who had recently recovered from pertussis produced agglutination. On retesting after intervals of several months consistent decreases in titer were observed. Many sera had become negative though occasional sera produced agglutination up to 25 months after the onset of the disease.
Complement-Fixation and Precipitative Tests in Poliomyelitis
Authors: Harrison James A. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Complement-fixation and precipitative tests were performed with the serums of human beings and monkeys convalescent from poliomyelitis, a hyperimmunized monkey, rabbits which had been immunized with purified and unpurified preparations of cord and brain tissue of normal and poliomeylitis monkeys, and convalescent human and monkey serums which had been partially purified by treatment with alumina-gel.
The various types of antigens used in these experiments were prepared by several physical and chemical procedures. Many of them were markedly reduced in anticomplementary property and most of them were shown to contain viable virus.
Fractional units of complement were used in some of the fixation tests and various temperatures and periods of incubation were used in both the fixation and precipitative tests.
No instances of specific antigen-antibody reaction were observed in any of these tests.
The Effects of the Injection of Glucose Upon Experimental Staphylococcal Infection in Mice
Authors: Parfentjev I. A. , Collins S. W. , Cross Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present paper describes experiments showing the influence of glucose upon the virulence (lethal dose) of staphylococcus for mice. For these experiments we used four cultures of Staphylococcus aureus: No. 138 (received from Dr. E. W. Burky), No. 150 (received from Dr. J. Blair), No. 161 (Wood 46), No. 175 (Dr. C. Lyons). The first three cultures produce filtrates with high hemolytic titers, and culture No. 175 produces a filtrate with a high content of leucocidin. The staphylococci were grown for four hours in veal-infusion-broth. The broth was centrifuged and the sedimented organisms were resuspended in saline solution. The suspension was standardized nephelometrically by the photronreflectometer (1).
A dilution was prepared such that 0.1 ml of the initial suspension mixed with mucin and injected intraabdominally in mice killed 90 to 100 per cent of the animals. This suspension contained billions of staphylococci per milliliter.
Studies on the Occurrence of the V-Factor (Coenzymes I and II) in Normal and Pathological Spinal Fluids
Authors: Scheer Celia 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Sixty-four spinal fluids of 56 patients suffering from various diseases have been examined for the occurrence of the V-factor, i.e., growth factor required by Hemophilus influenzae and Hemophilus parainfluenzae.
No V-factor was found in 53 “normal” and 15 pathological spinal fluids, 12 of which were from patients suffering from a luetic infection of the cerebrospinal system.
The V-factor was found present on repeated examinations of spinal fluids of two patients, one of whom was ill with a meningoencephalitis, and the other with an aseptic meningitis.
The V-factor was also detected in one “normal” spinal fluid received from a patient with a clinical diagnosis of incipient tabes dorsalis.
It is concluded that the V-factor which is present in the blood and the brain does not pass the blood-spinal barrier in normal adults. In certain pathological conditions, however, this interference no longer exists.
Studies on in Vitro Anaphylaxis and Release of an Active Non-Histamine Material from Sensitized Guinea Pig Lung
Authors: Campbell Dan H. , Nicoll Paul A. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The foregoing experiments show: That rat uteri, which are unaffected by ordinary doses of histamine, respond to some substance released by sensitized guinea-pig lung-tissue during anaphylactic shock.That sensitized circular and longitudinal uterine muscle from pregnant guinea pigs readily shows anaphylaxis and that the latter are just as sensitive and show a more severe type of reaction than virgin uterine muscle.That tissues, particularly intestinal, taken from 7 to 8 week foetuses of sensitized mothers, show a hypersensitive condition.
On the Serology of the Pneumococcus-Group
Authors: Kauffmann F. , Mørch E. , Schmith K. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
In the course of the last two or three years we have at the Danish State Serum Institute determined serologically twenty new types of pneumococcus, so that today we know of a total of fifty different serological types. The principal mutual capsular-antigenic relations are shown in formulae in a table, and the sera necessary for type-diagnosis are described. The importance of these discoveries to diagnosis, serumtherapy and epidemiology is pointed out. Attention is called to the urgent necessity of establishing an international pneumococcus center for the making of comparative international investigations and distributing the necessary cultures and sera to all institutes concerned.
On the Nature of Eclampsia
Authors: Obata Isei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As is well known Dold (1) discovered, in the salt-solution extract of viscera, a poisonous property, which can be neutralized by blood serum. This so-called “Organgift” still remains a problem attracting the attention of observers. As to the nature and properties of the poison we have a number of other investigations (Dold and Ogata (2), Ascoli (3), Isar and Patane (4), Ichikawa (5), Aronson (6), Dold and Kodama (7), Yoshimura, Goto and Ishikawa), the results of which diverge from one another.
It would seem probable that the toxin above mentioned is contained also in the placenta, which may be considered as one of the viscera. The placenta is, in fact, a viscus which is present in the female sex only during a certain period of life and which is often placed anatomically in the category of tumor; it extends its villi into the maternal blood in which they are bathed so long as they exist, thus standing in a relation to the maternal body that is quite peculiar to itself.
A Comparative Study of Hemolytic Complement and Antibodies in Oxalated Plasma and Serum
Authors: Watanabe Susumu 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A brief summary of the results of this study presented in tables 1 to 17 is given in table 18 which shows in parallel columns the comparative results of tests for hemolytic complement, various natural and immune antibodies in human and rabbit plasmas and sera. In the majority of instances the various plasmas contained an equal or greater amount of hemolytic complement or antibodies than were present in the corresponding sera, and only exceptionally lesser amounts.
Blood Platelets in Anaphylaxis
Authors: Kopeloff Nicholas , Kopeloff Lenore M. , Posselt Esther C. , Blattberg Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A significant decrease in the number of blood platelets was found upon reinjecting antigen intravenously into sensitized monkeys. No such decrease occurred in normal nonsensitized monkeys, although the same or larger amounts of antigen were injected. In general the diminution in blood platelets paralleled the degree of shock. In desensitized monkeys, the blood-platelet counts diminished progressively with each injection of antigen in spite of the fact that subsequent reactions were mild or negative. Monkeys injected with Witte peptone or histamine phosphate in amounts large enough to produce shock failed to show any significant change in the number of blood platelets. Results similar to those observed in monkeys were obtained in guinea pigs actively sensitized with egg-white or horse serum. Guinea pigs sensitized with crystalline ovalbumin showed no decrease in blood-platelet count when shocked with the same antigen (except in one instance of delayed reaction) but did show a decrease when shocked with egg-white. Histamine shock was without effect. Guinea pigs passively sensitized with anti-egg white or anti-crystalline ovalbumin rabbit serum showed a significant decrease in blood platelets when shocked with the appropriate antigen. Rabbits repeatedly injected with crystalline ovalbumin and given a test-dose of the same antigen one week later showed a moderate decrease in blood platelets although there was no clinical evidence of anaphylactic shock.
Immunological Studies of Pollinosis
Authors: Loveless Mary Hewitt 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There are numerous reports in the literature of reactions occurring in hypersensitive recipients after their transfusion with normal blood containing allergens. The development of similar reactions in normal recipients following their transfusion with reaginic blood has been recorded in a few instances. In 1919 Ramirez (1) first suggested this possibility when he described the occurrence of asthma in a man who had received a transfusion two weeks previously. The initial attack developed shortly after the recipient had entered a horse-drawn vehicle, and a second paroxysm came on the next morning while the patient was walking in a park. Both the recipient and the donor were subsequently found to possess cutaneous reactivity to horse dander, a situation which suggested strongly that the donor's susceptibility had been transferred to the recipient. Although a previous transfusion of 800 ml of blood from the same donor had not caused asthma in another recipient, no assurance was given that this recipient had been exposed to horse dander.
Studies of Hemolytic Streptococcal Antibodies in Control Groups, Rheumatic Fever, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mote John R. , Jones T. Duckett 
Published: January 2023

Summary
As a part of a larger study of hemolytic streptococcal infections, rheumatic fever, and rheumatoid arthritis, this study was undertaken to establish the incidence of several hemolytic streptococcal antibodies, antistreptolysin “O”, antifibrinolysin, and precipitins, (for group A carbohydrate and the “D”, “E”, “K”, and “P” proteic fractions), in 1336 control subjects.
It has been shown that the incidence of hemolytic streptococcal antibodies in this control group was high in the year 1934–1935, and probably reflects a large incidence of sub-clinical hemolytic streptococcal infections in the groups studied.
Extension of the Separation of Types Among the Pneumococci: Description of 17 Types in Addition to Types 1 to 32 (Cooper)
Authors: Walter Annabel W. , Guevin Virginia H. , Beattie Marian W. , Cotler Hannah Y. , Bucca Helen B. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Seventeen new pneumococcus types are described. Nine types are distinct from types 1 to 32; eight show marked cross reactions with other types and are therefore termed subtypes.
The incidence, virulence for mice, sources of culture and cross reactions of the new types and subtypes are described.
Correlation with results obtained by other workers is given.
Recommendations for terminology of 55 different pneumococcal types, including the types and subtypes described in this paper and those described by Kauffmann, Mørch and Schmith, are given.
The Iso-Antigenic Properties of Alcoholic Extracts of Brain
Authors: Lewis Julian H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The conditions necessary for iso-antigenicity are discussed in papers on the iso-antigenic properties of fibrinogen (1), thyroglobulin (2) and casein (3). These three proteins, along with alpha globulin of the crystalline lens, have in common the lack of species specificity. They have, on the other hand, a specificity presumably based on chemical structure independent of their source. Each one of them appears to be the same protein in each species of animals from which they may be derived. The close relationship, if not the identity, as determined by available immunological methods, of samples of various origins is supported by chemical analyses which show close similarities in constitution. Another protein, insulin, is probably also iso-antigenic since it likewise exhibits a lack of species specificity and a very close agreement in immunological and chemical properties of proteins although obtained from different animals (4). Technical difficulties, however, have prevented the actual demonstration of the suspected iso-antigenicity of insulin.
Studies on the Histamine-Content of the Blood and Tissues of the Rabbit During Anaphylactic Shock
Authors: Rose Bram 
Published: January 2023

Summary
During acute anaphylactic shock in the rabbit, there occurs a marked decrease in the blood-histamine, a lesser decrease in the plasma-histamine and a leucopenia. There does not appear to be any correlation between these changes and the symptoms of anaphylaxis. There is a decrease in the histamine-content of the lung and spleen of the rabbit following the production of anaphylactic shock. In non-sensitized rabbits, there is little or no change in the histamine-content of the blood following the intravenous injection of horse serum. A leucopenia may occur. When egg albumin is injected intravenously, however, a decrease in both the blood-histamine and the white blood count occurs. Histamine-shock in the rabbit is characterized by a moderate decrease in the histamine-content of the blood and a marked increase in the histamine-content of the plasma. A moderate leucopenia also occurs. These findings then differ from those which occur in anaphylactic shock in this species. By superimposing anaphylaxis on histamine-shock in the rabbit, it may be shown that not only is the histamine-content of the blood diminished, but that there is also some mechanism for the removal of large amounts of histamine from the plasma. It is also shown that a sudden increase in the plasma-histamine may occur under these circumstances.
Proteic Fractions of a Strain of Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus
Authors: Heidelberger Michael , Henriksen Sverre Dick 
Published: January 2023

Summary
By combination of hemolytic streptococcal protein with an azo component and study of the chemical and serological properties of the resulting red azo antigen it is shown that only a portion of the azo-protein reacts serologically. An antiserum to the dye-streptococcal protein contained anti-hapten since it precipitated its red analogs, R-salt-azobiphenylazo egg albumin and R-salt-azo-biphenylazo-horse serum albumin.
Inhibition of Sulfapyridine in Human Serum, Exudates and Transudates
Authors: Boroff Daniel A. , Cooper Anita , Bullowa Jesse G. M. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Various exudates, transudates and sera contain substances which inhibit in vitro the action of sulfapyridine. The concentration of these inhibitory substances varied. The size of inoculum had little effect on the inhibitory action. Prolonged standing did not change the amounts of inhibitor-substance present in three pleural fluids and one ascitic fluid.
Factors Influencing the Rate of Neutralization of Bacteriophage by the Antibody
Authors: Kalmanson G. M. , Hershey A. D. , Bronfenbrenner J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Employing an antiserum prepared against a highly purified preparation of coliphage, we have been able to demonstrate that the specific rate of neutralization of phage by antibody is independent of the absolute phage concentration, that is, a constant proportion of phage is neutralized in a given time regardless of what concentration of phage is actually present. The course of neutralization progresses logarithmically with time, that is, a constant fraction of phage is neutralized in each successive time interval. Deviations are observed only when the reaction is allowed to go to better than 99 per cent of completion. The neutralization of phage by antiphage resembles a (bimolecular) reaction in which two molecules of antibody are needed to neutralize one particle of phage. The logarithm of the proportion of phage remaining active after a given time-interval is proportional to the serum-concentration except in the case of very concentrated serum where more phage remains unneutralized than would be expected. These results may be explained by assuming either that phage suspension consists of particles heterogeneous in their resistance to inactivation by serum, as suggested by Andrewes and Elford, or else by assuming that the bulk of the phage is relatively homogenous, but contains a small fraction (less than 1%) that is arkedly more resistant to neutralization. The reaction of neutralization of phage at 37 C. proceeds at a rate 12 to 14 times faster than at 0 C. (has a Q10 of 2 from 0 to 37 C.) The reaction is relatively indifferent to pH except that below pH 4.5 the rate of enutralization is markedly slowed. Identity of rates of neutralization of small and large particles indicate the probable correctness of the theory that phage of different sizes consists of small active molecules adsorbed to inert carriers of different sizes.
Allergy and Immunity in Tuberculosis
Authors: Zuger Bernard , Steiner Morris 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Guinea-pigs inoculated with the dissociated human strain H37Ra developed cutaneous sensitivity which reached a peak at four to six weeks and gradually declined, tending to disappear completely twenty-eight to fifty-two weeks after infection.
On reinfection with the homologous strain H37Rv animals with different degrees of cutaneous sensitivity showed no difference in the amount of protection conferred by the primary infection. Those with developing cutaneous sensitivity, peak sensitivity, waning sensitivity and zero sensitivity fared equally well in their resistance to reinfection.
Antibody-Response to Cutaneous Inoculation with Vaccinial Virus in Human Subjects, Utilizing the Egg-Protection Technic. I. Serum-Virus Neutralization; II. Protection by Passive Transfer
Authors: Blattner Russell J. , Heys Florence M. , Gollub Samuel W. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Results obtained by “egg-protection” tests, using serum-virus neutralization and passive-protection methods, indicate that humoral antibodies to vaccinia begin to appear at the end of the 1st week following cutaneous vaccination, increase in amount during the 2d and 3d weeks, and reach a maximum at the close of the 3d week. The high concentration of antibody persisted for at least 29 days (1 instance), 40 days (2 instances), and for one year (2 instances). In two cases of variola studied a high level of antibody was present 16 and 17 days after onset of symptoms. If one accepts 10 to 13 days as the incubationary period of variola, the antibody-response became apparent approximately 26 to 30 days after introduction of virus in the body.
That humoral antibodies against vaccinia persist in the blood for a considerable period of time was indicated further by the high level of antibody in the blood of two children who showed immune response at the time when vaccination was attempted. One of these had been vaccinated at least a year previously, with a take leaving an inconspicuous sear, and the other had had clinical smallpox one year previously.
The egg-protection method, while admittedly gross, is sufficiently quantitative and objective to give definite results, and is considerably superior to other biological methods which have been used in the past. The passive-protection technic proved somewhat more delicate than the serum-virus neutralization-method.
Staphylococcal Vaccine-Toxoid Combined in Human Immunization
Authors: Faust Frederic B. , Etris Samuel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
From the results obtained by one of us (Etris: 1943, This Journal 309) in the immunization of rabbits with staphylococcal vaccine-toxoid, and because of its direct application to human treatment, it seemed advisable to obtain information on the effect of such a combination in the stimulation of antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies in the normal individual and in patients with infections due to the staphylococcus. The formula of the combination selected for human use contained 2000 million Staphylococcus aureus and 1000 original MND of staphylococcal toxoid in each ml,1 giving a preparation slightly weaker in both respects than the usual single vaccine or toxoid preparation.
The individuals selected for study represented two small groups: One group consisted of eleven men from 20 to 50 years of age who did not show evidence of pathology. The other group of five patients either had lesions of known staphylococcal etiology or this organism appeared to be the underlying cause of the condition.
The Immunochemistry of Allergens
Authors: Coulson E. J. , Spies Joseph R. 
Published: January 2023

Summary and Conclusions
The effect of boiling N/10 HCl on antigenic properties and reagin-neutralization capacity of the electrophoretic fractionation products of the cottonseed-allergenic fraction, CS-1A, was investigated. These acid-treated fractions were previously found to be unaltered in activity when compared by cutaeous tests on cottonseed-sensitive patients. On the basis of nitrogen content, fraction CS-51R lost 54 per cent of its original capacity to elicit anaphylactic shock in sensitized animals and lost 78 per cent of its capacity to induce sensitization. Fraction CS-56 lost 66 per cent of its shocking potency and 97 per cent of its sensitizing capacity.
The specificity of the cathodic fraction CS-51R, as determined by the Dale test, was unaltered by the acid treatment. The anodic fraction, CS-56, acquired a slightly altered specificity although the original specificity was predominant.
The in vitro reagin-neutralization potency of the acid-treated fraction, CS-51RH, was diminished by more than 95 per cent.
The differences in the degree of destruction of antigenic activity, as measured by ability to shock sensitive animals on the one hand and to induce sensitization on the other, were presumed to indicate that antigenic structural features required to sensitize are not identical with those required to shock. Similarily, structural features required to elicit specific cutaneous reactions in allergic individuals are different from those required to neutralize reagins.
Salmonella Antigens of Coliform Bacteria
Authors: Wheeler K. M. , Stuart C. A. , Rustigian Robert , Borman E. K. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Antigenic analysis of somatic antigens of selected coliform and para-colon cultures has shown: 1) Strains with the XI antigen S. rubislaw; 2) two antigenic components in “single factor” cultures S. hvittingfoss (XVI), S. cerro (XVIII), S. tel-aviv (XXVIII) and S. urbana (XXX); 3) strains with partial or complete antigenic components of S. paratyphi (I, II), S. onderstepoort (XIV, XXV), S. carrau (XIV), S. senftenberg (I, XIX) and S. worthington (XXIII).
Coliform cultures possessing complete or partial Salmonella antigens belonged to various sections of the coliform group, typical Escherichia and Aerobacter as well as para-Escherichia, para-intermediate and para-Aerobacter.