bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel RNA viruses from the Atlantic Ocean: Ecogenomics, biogeography, and total virioplankton mass contribution from surface to the deep ocean
Authors: Vila‐Nistal Marina , Maestre‐Carballa Lucia , Martinez‐Hernández Francisco , Martinez‐Garcia Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMarine viruses play a major role in the energy and nutrient cycle and affect the evolution of their hosts. Despite their importance, there is still little knowledge about RNA viruses. Here, we have explored the Atlantic Ocean, from surface to deep (4.296 m), and used viromics and quantitative methods to unveil the genomics, biogeography, and the mass contribution of RNA viruses to the total viroplankton. A total of 2481 putative RNA viral contigs (>500 bp) and 107 larger bona fide RNA viral genomes (>2.5 kb) were identified; 88 of them representing novel viruses belonging mostly to two clades: Yangshan assemblage (sister clade to the class Alsuviricetes) and Nodaviridae. These viruses were highly endemic and locally abundant, with little or no presence in other oceans since only ≈15% of them were found in at least one of the Tara sampling metatranscriptomes. Quantitative data indicated that the abundance of RNA viruses in the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum zone was within ≈106 VLP/mL representing a potential contribution of 5.2%–24.4% to the total viroplankton community (DNA and RNA viruses), with DNA viruses being the predominant members (≈107 VLP/mL). However, for the deep sample, the observed trend was the opposite, although as further discussed, several biases should be considered. Together these results contribute to our understanding of the diversity, abundance, and distribution of RNA viruses in the oceans and provide a basis for further investigation into their ecological roles and biogeography.
A de novo 2.3 kb structural variant in MITF explains a novel splashed white phenotype in a Thoroughbred family
Authors: Bellone R. R. , Tanaka J. , Esdaile E. , Sutton R. B. , Payette F. , Leduc L. , Till B. J. , Abdel‐Ghaffar A. K. , Hammond M. , Magdesian K. G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSplashed white in horses is characterized by extensive white patterning on the legs, face and abdomen and may be accompanied by deafness. To date, seven variants in microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) and two variants in Paired Box 3 (PAX3) have been identified to explain this phenotype. A splashed white Thoroughbred stallion, whose sire and dam were not patterned, was hypothesized to have a de novo variant leading to his white coat pattern. A whole‐genome sequencing candidate gene approach identified two single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in SOX10, four SNVs in MITF and a 2.3 kb deletion in MITF with the alternative allele present in this stallion but absent in the other 18 horses analyzed. All six SNVs were annotated as modifiers and were not further considered. The deletion in MITF (NC_009159.3:g.21555811_21558139delinsAAAT) encompasses exon 9 encoding a part of the helix–loop–helix domain required for DNA binding. Sanger sequencing and parentage testing confirmed that this deletion was a de novo mutation of maternal origin. Consistent with the published nomenclature, we denote this likely causal variant as SW8. Genotyping three of this stallion's offspring identified SW8 only in the nearly all‐white foal that was confirmed deaf by brainstem auditory evoked response testing. This foal was also a compound heterozygote for dominant white variants (W20/W22), but to date, W variants alone have not been connected to deafness. SW8 marks the fourth de novo MITF variant in horses reported to cause white patterning. The link between deafness and all MITF variants with and without other variants impacting melanocyte development and function needs to be further explored.
A multi‐analytical approach to understand El Alto‐Ancasti's painted pottery (north‐western Argentina): Non‐invasive and micro‐invasive analyses of vessel's paintings from El Taco 19
Authors: Gheco Lucas , Tascon Marcos , Barot Carlos , Zucchi Victoria , Quesada Marcos , Gastaldi Marcos , Halac Emilia , Álvarez Rodrigo , Marte Fernando 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArchaeometric analysis applied to the study of pre‐Hispanic pottery is a growing field in archaeological research in north‐western Argentina. Most of these investigations have focused on intra‐style variability, comparing samples from the same style but obtained in different sites throughout large regions. In this study, we propose to shift the approach and adopt a local micro‐scale perspective to deepen knowledge regarding pottery manufacturing. As a case study, pottery sherds from different styles discovered in the archaeological site El Taco 19 (El Alto‐Ancasti Mountain, Catamarca) were selected. To this end, we proposed a multi‐analytical approach employing non‐invasive and micro‐invasive analytical techniques.
Patient‐reported, observer‐reported and performance outcomes in qualification procedures at the European Medicines Agency 2013–2018
Authors: Silva Marcio , Moseley Jane , Vetter Thorsten , Regnstrom Jan , Tome Maria , Aarum Stiina , Cerreta Francesca , Schabel Elmer , Vamvakas Spiros 
Published: September 2023

AimsTo describe characteristics of applicant, tool, outcomes, regulatory responses and general learnings from European Medicines Agency (EMA) Qualification Procedures on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), observer‐reported outcomes (ObsROs) and performance outcomes (PerfOs) finalized between January 2013 and December 2018.MethodsDescriptive analysis, and qualitative review of the regulatory outcomes of the study procedures.ResultsSeventeen qualification programmes for PROs, 6 for ObsRO tools and 11 for PerfO tools were submitted by consortia, large and small/medium companies.Gastroenterology and neurology were the most frequent therapeutic areas. There was a high level of regulators' partial agreement (above 70%) with applicant's approaches with constructive input; EMA published Letters of Support for PRO (6), ObsRO (2) and PerfO (4) tools, and Qualification Opinions on PROs (2) and PerfOs (1). General issues related to Qualification Procedures on PROs raised by EU regulatorsincluded: population, appropriate studies to demonstrate ability to detect change, tool validation in interventional trials, anchoring, identification of the minimally important difference, item selection, weighting, and multiple domains. In addition, specific issues for ObsROs and PerfO tools validation are identified.ConclusionsRegulators discussed principles and challenges of validation tailored to specific setting in tool development, providing constructive feedback. Regulatory outputs supportive of further development were published in over one‐third of programs. We encourage applicants intending to use or develop novel PRO, ObsRO and PerfO tools that will generate evidence for regulatory submissions on medicines to consider Qualification procedures for novel methods to seek feedback on the development and validation of these tools.
Arylidene and amino spacer‐linked rhodanine‐quinoline hybrids as upgraded antimicrobial agents
Authors: Khalifa Zebabanu , Upadhyay Rachana , Patel Amit B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAntibiotic resistance associated with various microorganisms such as Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, fungal strains, and multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis increases the risk of healthcare survival. Preliminary therapeutics becoming ineffective that might lead to noteworthy mortality presents a crucial challenge for the scientific community. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop hybrid compounds as antimicrobial agents by combining two or more bioactive heterocyclic moieties into a single molecular framework with fewer side effects and a unique mode of action. This review highlights the recent advances (2013–2023) in the pharmacology of rhodanine‐linked quinoline hybrids as more effective antimicrobial agents. In the drug development process, linker hybrids acquire the top position due to their excellent π‐stacking and Van der Waals interaction with the DNA active sites of pathogens. A molecular hybridization strategy has been optimized, indicating that combining these two bioactive moieties with an arylidene and an amino spacer linker increases the antimicrobial potential and reduces drug resistance. Moreover, the structure–activity relationship study is discussed to express the role of various functional groups in improving and decrementing antimicrobial activities for rational drug design. Also, a linker approach may accelerate the development of dynamic antimicrobial agents through molecular hybridization.
Bottom‐up effects shift top‐down community structure of the parasitoid guild that attacks Asphondylia borrichiae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Borrichia frutescens (Asteraceae)
Authors: Orta Kevin , Rossi Anthony M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Asphondylia borrichiae induces galls at the apical meristems of its host plant, Borrichia frutescens, and the larvae develop and pupate within the gall.
During development, immature stages of the midge are attacked by four species of parasitic wasps; two of these parasitoids, Galeopsomyia haemon and Torymus umbilicatus, are the most common members of the guild, and both are hyperparasitic.
In the current study, plots of B. frutescens were randomly assigned to control (unmanipulated), salted or fertilised in a long‐term press experiment. Although plots initially exhibited no differences in stem length, gall and flower densities, after 3 months, they began to exhibit significant differences, suggesting stress (salted plots) and vigour (fertilised plots).
Galls produced on plants from fertilised plots were approximately 20% and 31% larger than those from control and salted plots, respectively.
Larger gall diameter in fertilised plots resulted in a shift of the parasitoid community towards the largest parasitoid, T. umgbilicatus, whereas smaller galls produced in salted plots became biased towards the smallest, but gregarious, G. haemon; interestingly, this pattern held for T. umbilicatus across treatments, and the effect for G. haemon was not significant when all treatments were combined.
This study suggests that abiotic factors that alter host plant characteristics, such as gall diameter, affect the composition of the parasitoid guild that attacks A. borrichiae, which has implications for the acquisition of enemy‐free space during host range expansion of the midge.
Added value of advanced workup after the first seizure: A 7‐year cohort study
Authors: De Stefano Pia , Ménétré Eric , Stancu Patrick , Mégevand Pierre , Vargas Maria Isabelle , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Vulliémoz Serge , Wiest Roland , Beniczky Sandor , Picard Fabienne , Seeck Margitta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to establish whether advanced workup including long‐term electroencephalography (LT‐EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an additional yield for the diagnosis of new onset epilepsy (NOE) in patients presenting with a first seizure event (FSE).MethodsIn this population‐based study, all adult (≥16 years) patients presenting with FSE in the emergency department (ED) between March 1, 2010 and March 1, 2017 were assessed. Patients with obvious nonepileptic or acute symptomatic seizures were excluded. Routine EEG, LT‐EEG, brain computed tomography (CT), and brain MRI were performed as part of the initial workup. These examinations' sensitivity and specificity were calculated on the basis of the final diagnosis after 2 years, along with the added value of advanced workup (MRI and LT‐EEG) over routine workup (routine EEG and CT).ResultsOf the 1010 patients presenting with FSE in the ED, a definite diagnosis of NOE was obtained for 501 patients (49.6%). Sensitivity of LT‐EEG was higher than that of routine EEG (54.39% vs. 25.5%, p < .001). Similarly, sensitivity of MRI was higher than that of CT (67.98% vs. 54.72%, p = .009). Brain MRI showed epileptogenic lesions in an additional 32% compared to brain CT. If only MRI and LT‐EEG were considered, five would have been incorrectly diagnosed as nonepileptic (5/100, 5%) compared to patients with routine EEG and MRI (25/100, 25%, p = .0001). In patients with all four examinations, advanced workup provided an overall additional yield of 50% compared to routine workup.SignificanceOur results demonstrate the remarkable added value of the advanced workup launched already in the ED for the diagnosis of NOE versus nonepileptic causes of seizure mimickers. Our findings suggest the benefit of first‐seizure tracks or even units with overnight EEG, similar to stroke units, activated upon admission in the ED.
The influence of corneal thickness and curvature on IOP measurement by IcareTM rebound tonometer and applanation tonometry in glaucoma patients and normal subjects.
Authors: KRZYZANOWSKA‐BERKOWSKA P , ASEJCZYK‐WIDLICKA M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) and radius of the corneal curvature (R) on IOP measurements obtained with the ICare rebound tonometer and the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). Methods Eighty four eyes of 48 subjects (65 eyes of glaucoma patients and 19 eyes of healthy volunteers) were examined with ICare and Goldmann tonometers. Central corneal thickness was determined by ultrasound pachymetry. Corneal radius of curvature was determined using corneal topography. Results There was no significant difference between IOP readings with ICare and GAT. Intraocular pressure measurements were found to be higher with the ICare tonometer, both in glaucoma patients (15,3±4,0 mmHg) and normal subjects (14,4±3,0 mmHg). ICare‐GAT mean difference was 1.1±3.6mmHg (95% CI, ‐6.1‐8.3mmHg) for glaucoma patients and 1.8±3.2mmHg (95% CI, ‐4.6‐8.2mmHg) for healthy volunteers. Using CCT patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) thinnest corneas ‐ CCT<556 μm (mean CCT 531±23 μm), 39 eyes and 2) thickest corneas ‐ CCT >556 μm (mean CCT 578±17 μm), 45 eyes. In the group of thinnest corneas there was no correlation between IOP, CCT and R. In thickest corneas there was significant correlation between IOP readings obtained by ICare and CCT (r=‐0.4, p<0.01), and mean radius (R) (r=0.5, p<0.001). Conclusion Measurements of IOP using the ICare rebound tonometer are in good agreement with Goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients and normal subjects, although influenced by CCT.
Supported decision making: Facilitating the self‐determination of persons living with Alzheimer's and related diseases
Authors: Largent Emily A. , Peterson Andrew , Karlawish Jason 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDecision‐making capacity describes the ability to make a particular decision at a given time. People with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and mild stage dementia typically experience an associated erosion of their decisional abilities. Many could be said to have marginal capacity. These individuals are in a liminal space between adequate and inadequate capacity. Too often, marginal capacity is overlooked as a category: individuals are classified either as having capacity and being able to make decisions independently or as lacking capacity and needing a surrogate to make decisions for them. These approaches can, respectively, result in under‐ or overprotection of individuals with marginal capacity. A promising alternative approach is supported decision making. In supported decision making, a person with marginal capacity identifies a trusted person or network of persons to aid them in making their own decisions. Supported decision making is recognized by law in a growing number of states; it is important for geriatricians to be familiar with the concept, as they are increasingly likely to encounter it in their practice. Even in states where supported decision making is not formally recognized, it can be practiced informally, helping patients, care partners, and clinicians strike an appropriate balance between respecting autonomy and recognizing vulnerability. In this article, we describe supported decision making, discuss its ethical and legal foundations, and identify steps by which geriatricians can incorporate it into their practice.
A Nurse‐Led Education Program to Improve COVID‐19 Prevention Knowledge Among Adolescent Students
Authors: Cuesta‐Zigorraga Amaia , Arrue Marta , Labaka Ainitze 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdolescents are more susceptible than originally thought to COVID‐19, and they could play a significant role in community transmission. We aim to evaluate a health education program on students' declarative knowledge and risk awareness concerning COVID‐19‐related public health recommendations.METHODSA quasi‐experimental pre‐post pilot study was conducted. A number of 487 students aged between 12 and 17 years old participated in an educational program. Following Socratic Method, preventive actions were simulated in order to encourage students to seek answers about the correct application of measures. The program covered 3 prevention areas: (1) practice hygienic handwashing; (2) instruction on the appropriate use of masks; and (3) promotion of physical distancing, and was implemented in class by 3 registered nurses.RESULTSFollowing the educational program, declarative knowledge regarding handwashing and mask use improved along with the students' total score. In the pre‐test, students 16 years and older as well as female students obtained higher scores in declarative knowledge. Age‐dependent differences between groups vanished in the post‐test, but girls still achieved better scores.CONCLUSIONThis nurse‐led health education program proved to be effective to enhance declarative knowledge about COVID‐19‐related public health recommendations.
Occurrence of copper‐resistant Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains in kiwifruit orchards of Central Italy
Authors: Cesari Erica , Marocchi Fabio , L'Aurora Alessia , Pucci Nicoletta , Scala Valeria , Loreti Stefania , Scortichini Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacterial isolates belonging to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker, have been isolated, during 2021 and 2022, from Actinidia chinensis orchards of Central Italy planted with cultivars Hayward and Zespri G3®. A total of 23 isolates were obtained from twigs and leaves that showed the typical symptoms of bacterial canker, including leaf spotting and twig canker. All of them showed resistance to 1.2 mM copper sulphate added to mannitol–glutamate–yeast extract (MGY) medium. No other Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains were isolated from the orchards. The P. s. pv. actinidiae strains that showed resistance to copper have the copA and copD genes that regulate the efflux of copper through the inner membrane and the copper sensor copS gene. They do not possess the cusABC complex that confers resistance to high concentration of copper. Representative copper‐resistant strains were proven pathogenic to kiwifruit plants upon artificial inoculation. This is the first record of copper‐resistant P. s. pv. actinidiae strains in Italy and, as far as we know, in Europe.
Development of the Rural Perception Scale (RPS‐18)
Authors: Kim Sunny Jung , Alford‐Teaster Jennifer , Schiffelbein Jenna E. , Onega Tracy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople living in rural areas often experience limited access to health resources, slow knowledge diffusion, and geographical isolation, and tend to be at higher risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes compared with nonrural populations. It is unclear, yet, how the concept of “rural” shapes observed differences from nonrural populations. We aim to develop a psychometrically sound scale to assess key dimensions that constitute individual‐level perceived rurality.MethodsWe first conducted a broad literature review to identify a priori concepts related to rurality and adapted survey items measuring relevant constructs, such as loneliness, attitudes toward people living in rural areas, and perceived social membership. We used these conceptual constructs and measures to develop a survey questionnaire focused on rural perceptions. We recruit residents in 3 rural states: Kentucky, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Using the explorative factor analysis and second‐order measurement model in the structural equation model framework, we developed a rural perception scale consisting of 18 items.ResultsWe recruited 1,384 participants (n = 686 from KY; n = 698 from NH/VT) using Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 897, 64.8%) and social media paid ads (n = 487, 35.2%). The average age of participants was 41 years old (SD = 15); 54.7% of respondents had less than college graduate education, and 94.2% reported their race as non‐Hispanic White. Majority of the participants were from Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA)‐designated urban areas (n = 798, 57.7%), followed by RUCA‐designated large rural areas (257, 18.6%), RUCA‐designated rural areas (n = 174, 12.6%) and RUCA‐designated isolated areas (n = 133, 9.6%). Our final model revealed 4 latent constructs: “belonging” (Cronbach's α = 0.896), “attitudes toward rural life” (Cronbach's α = 0.807), “loneliness” (Cronbach's α = 0.898), and “community social ties to people in their community” (Cronbach's α = 0.846).ConclusionsWe identified 4 subfactors of the umbrella concept of rurality that explain how people in rural regions may perceive being in rural environments and having rural lifestyles.
Practice of dialysis access interventional nephrology procedures in the Asia‐Pacific region: Getting lay of the land
Authors: Jasuja Sanjiv , Gallieni Maurizio , Jha Vivekanand , Vachharajani Tushar , Bhalla A. K. , Tan Jackson , Tan Cheih Suai , Basnet Nabin Bahadur , Herath Nalaka , Hai An Ha Phan , Kim Yong Soo , Kim Yaeni , SampathKumar Krishnaswamy , Sahay Manisha , Ramachandran Raja , Alexander Suceena , Bhargava Vinant , Balasubramaniam J. , Voss David , Ogbac Fredeick E. , Gunawan Atma , Goh Bak Leong , Lin Chih‐Ching , Khan Jamshaid , Shiham Ibrahim , Ayub Haroon , Hein Min Aung , Iqbal Sarwar , Srisawat Nattachai , Gao Bihu , Sajiv Cherian , Wilkinson Catherine , Pichthida Thim , Rana D. S. , Sagar Gaurav , Bahl Anupam , Tawakley Samir , Gaur Mragank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional survey aimed to determine the prevalence of Interventional Nephrology (IN) practice amongst nephrologists in the Asia‐Pacific Region (APR), specifically related to dialysis access (DA).MethodsThe Association of VA and intervenTionAl Renal physicians (AVATAR) Foundation from India conducted a multinational online survey amongst nephrologists from the Asia‐Pacific to determine the practice of IN in the planning, creation, and management of dialysis access. The treatment modalities, manpower and equipment availability, monthly cost of treatment, specifics of dialysis access interventions, and challenges in the training and practice of IN by nephrologists were included in the survey.ResultsTwenty‐one countries from the APR participated in the survey. Nephrologists from 18 (85.7%) countries reported performing at least one of the basic dialysis access‐related IN procedures, primarily the placement of non‐tunnelled central catheters (n‐TCC; 71.5%). Only 10 countries (47.6%) reported having an average of <4% of nephrologists performing any of the advanced IN access procedures, the most common being the placement of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter (20%). Lack of formal training (57.14%), time (42.8%), incentive (38%), institutional support (38%), medico‐legal protection (28.6%), and prohibitive cost (23.8%) were the main challenges to practice IN. The primary obstacles to implementing the IN training were a lack of funding and skilled personnel.ConclusionThe practice of dialysis access‐related IN in APR is inadequate, mostly due to a lack of training, backup support, and economic constraints, whereas training in access‐related IN is constrained by a lack of a skilled workforce and finances.
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