bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Self-Opening Transfer Shuttle for the Transfer of Air-Sensitive Sample to Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wan Peng , Wang Xuri , Zhang Qiang , Xu Zhou , Cai Rui , Zhou Yumeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A self-opening transfer shuttle has been designed and fabricated for the transfer of air-sensitive samples to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Delayed push out of an airtight sample cabin sealed inside the shuttle allows the protection of the sample from air exposure during the pumping of SEM chamber. A compressed spring is employed to automatically drive the push out of the cabin. Once the cabin is fully pushed out, the sample contained inside is revealed for SEM investigation through a hollow window created on the shuttle. The O-rings that are fixed at both ends of the sample cabin not only serve as sealing parts that make the cylinder airtight but also act as resistance elements that provide sufficient friction force to slow down the push out of the sample cabin. With the advantages of self-opening without the need for external control or force, and its reasonably small size, this low-cost and easy-to-use transfer shuttle has wide compatibility with different SEMs and holds a promising application prospect in numerous research areas.
Retrieval of Phase Information from Low-Dose Electron Microscopy Experiments: Are We at the Limit Yet?
Authors: Vega Ibáñez Francisco , Verbeeck Jo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The challenge of imaging low-density objects in an electron microscope without causing beam damage is significant in modern transmission electron microscopy. This is especially true for life science imaging, where the sample, rather than the instrument, still determines the resolution limit. Here, we explore whether we have to accept this or can progress further in this area. To do this, we use numerical simulations to see how much information we can obtain from a weak phase object at different electron doses. Starting from a model with four phase values, we compare Zernike phase contrast with measuring diffracted intensity under multiple random phase illuminations to solve the inverse problem. Our simulations have shown that diffraction-based methods perform better than the Zernike method, as we have found and addressed a normalization issue that, in some other studies, led to an overly optimistic representation of the Zernike setup. We further validated this using more realistic 2D objects and found that random phase illuminated diffraction can be up to five times more efficient than an ideal Zernike implementation. These findings suggest that diffraction-based methods could be a promising approach for imaging beam-sensitive materials and that current low-dose imaging methods are not yet at the quantum limit.
Morphological and Anatomical Deformities of Hirudo verbana, Carena 1820 (Annelida, Hirudinea) After Feeding: Light and Electron Microscopic Analysis
Authors: Ülger Özmen , Ayhan Huseyin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Leeches are widely used as model organisms in scientific studies and medical treatments. Medical leeches are hematophagous parasites that usually feed on the blood of their hosts. Some leeches show deformities, usually after feeding. This causes both medical and economic losses as it reduces the effectiveness of leeches in cultivation and medical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of morphological deformations after feeding in Hirudo verbana, Carena 1820 (Annelida, Hirudinea), an important species in medical leech treatments. For this purpose, both histopathological and scanning electron microscopy examinations of starved and fed leeches were performed. The causes of deformities in medical leeches were found to be due to overfeeding, which caused cracks on the intestinal surface and therefore deterioration of the tissues. It is also thought that the immunological agents in the fed blood destroyed the medical leech tissue in these regions. In addition, it was determined that the cellular structure of the shaped blood elements stored in the cavity after feeding was preserved for a long time (months) without deterioration. It is certain that revealing the mechanism by which this occurs will inspire the preservation of blood for a long time in blood transfusion.
Disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering patterns in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with anifrolumab: post hoc analysis of the Japanese subpopulation of the TULIP-2 study
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Atsumi Tatsuya , Okada Masato , Miyamura Tomoya , Ishii Tomonori , Nishiyama Susumu , Matsumura Ryutaro , Morishima Yosuke , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Abreu Gabriel , Lindholm Catharina , Morand Eric F , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of anifrolumab on disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering patterns in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods: We analysed disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering in the Japanese subpopulation (anifrolumab, n = 24; placebo, n = 19) of the TULIP-2 trial, which showed the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab in patients with moderate-to-severe active SLE.
Results: The percentage of patients who achieved a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group–based Composite Lupus Assessment response at Week 52 was greater in the anifrolumab group than placebo [50.0% (12/24) vs. 15.8% (3/19); p = 0.014]. Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) was achieved at Week 52 by 9/24 (37.5%) and 3/19 (15.8%) patients receiving anifrolumab and placebo, respectively. During the 52-week study period, in the anifrolumab vs. placebo groups, 5/24 (20.8%) patients were in LLDAS ≥50% of observed time vs. 0/19 (0.0%), and 14/24 (58.3%) vs. 6/19 (31.6%) patients were classified into favourable glucocorticoids tapering pattern. Anifrolumab had an acceptable tolerability profile, consistent with the overall population.
Conclusions: In the Japanese subpopulation of the TULIP-2 trial, anifrolumab resulted in an improvements in disease activity to those reported for the overall population, suggesting a beneficial effect for disease control.
Experimental demonstration of diamond quantum vector magnetometer for deep-sea applications
Authors: Yu Ziyun , Zhu Yunbin , Zhang Wenzhe , Jing Ke , Wang Shuo , Chen Chuanxu , Xie Yijin , Rong Xing , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetometry plays an important role in exploring the deep sea, which is one of the Earth’s final unknown frontiers. However, the complexity of marine environment and the limitations of conventional magnetometers restricts its in-depth application. Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond offers a potential solution to encompass and transcend the conventional ocean magnetometers. Its unique advantages, such as precise vector measurement and tolerance to extreme environments, make it well-suited for deep-sea applications like navigation. This work introduces the first deep-sea quantum vector magnetometer based on NV centers. The performance of this magnetometer is effectively validated by a series of field tests on the manned submersible ShenhaiYongshi during a cruise in the South China Sea, including an experimental underwater navigation using the diamond quantum sensor as magnetic compass. This successful deep-sea application marks the milestone of transforming this promising solid-state spin quantum system into a practical sensor for real-world marine applications.
Identification of the Skip Phenomenon Among Patients With Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Crowley Patrick D , Gasca Luis R , Katragadda Silpita , Quintero-Martinez Juan , Baddour Larry M , DeSimone Daniel C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The skip phenomenon (SP) is a pattern where blood cultures are intermittently positive before final clearance. We report that one-third of patients with Staphylococcus lugdunensis infective endocarditis experienced the SP. Patients with the SP experienced both a longer duration of bacteremia and hospital stay, with a higher 1-year mortality rate.
Light-level geolocators and species distribution modeling reveal that the Vulnerable Sporophila cinnamomea (Chestnut Seedeater) migrates through the Paraná-Paraguay system to Central Brazil
Authors: Rosoni Jonas Rafael R , Fontana Carla S , Krammes Filho Hernandi F , Carlos Caio J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The movement ecology of migratory Sporophila seedeaters in the Neotropics, particularly their migratory routes and nonbreeding areas, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to fill this gap by providing a detailed description of these migratory routes, stopovers, and nonbreeding areas using light-level geolocators on Sporophila cinnamomea (Chestnut Seedeater), a vulnerable species that breeds in southern South America. Species distribution modeling was employed to estimate the probability of occurrence at distribution extremes. Over 3 breeding seasons (October to March 2018–2021), geolocators were affixed to 14 adult males. The overall device recovery rate was 64% (n = 9), and these 8 devices operated, on average, for 301 days. Autumn migration commenced on 24 February, lasting 46 days and spanning 1,679 km, with an average of 2.38 ± 0.92 stopovers—twice the number observed during spring migration (1.40 ± 0.89). We identified 8 nonbreeding areas utilized by the birds for an average of 145 days, primarily located between the northern and northeastern regions of the Paraná and Paraguay Rivers and the southern Tocantins River. Spring migration began in early September, lasted ~58 days, and covered 2,940 km. In both migrations, birds followed routes along the Paraná-Paraguay River valleys, with no significant difference in the number of stopovers detected between seasons. The nonbreeding period model indicated high habitat suitability in 2 regions within the Cerrado biome, particularly a larger area predominantly in the southern and then in the central regions of the Tocantins River. In the southern limit, the breeding model highlighted the most representative area, which is located in the central-eastern region of the Uruguay River. Our study offers valuable insights into the migratory patterns of S. cinnamomea. These findings should be used to inform the planning and establishment of protected areas aimed at conserving grassland species.
Improving the solubility of pseudo-hydrophobic chemicals through co-crystal formulation
Authors: Janilkarn-Urena Isis , Tse Amanda , Lin Jieye , Tafolla-Aguirre Bliss , Idrissova Alina , Zhang Mindy , Skinner Samantha G , Mostowfi Nader , Kim Jinah , Kalapatapu Nikhila , Chang Xinmin , Efthymiou Christina , Williams Christopher K , Magaki Shino D , Vinters Harry V , Gonen Tamir , Ahmed S Kaleem , Gukasyan Hovhannes J , Davies Daryl L , Seidler Paul M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Natural products are ligands and in vitro inhibitors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) tau. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) bears chemical similarity to known natural product tau inhibitors. Despite having signature polyphenolic character, DHM is ostensibly hydrophobic owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that shield hydrophilic phenols. Our research shows DHM becomes ionized at near-neutral pH, allowing the formulation of salts with transformed solubility. The MicroED co-crystal structure with trolamine reveals DHM salts as metastable co-crystalline solids with unlocked hydrogen bonding and a thermodynamic bent to solubilize in water. All co-crystal formulations show better inhibitory activity against AD tau than the nonsalt form, with efficacies correlating to enhanced solubilities. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic measures demonstrate that DHM co-crystals display enhanced absorption and distribution with altered rates of elimination, suggesting that co-crystal formulations could be strategically used to fine-tune delivery properties. These results underscore the role of structural chemistry in guiding the selection of solubilizing agents for chemical formulation. We propose DHM co-crystals are appropriate formulations for research as dietary supplements to promote healthy aging by combating protein misfolding, although central nervous system (CNS) delivery remains a major limitation. DHM may be a suitable backbone for medicinal chemistry and possible development of pharmaceuticals with enhanced CNS exposure.
Glia: the cellular glue that binds circadian rhythms and sleep
Authors: Carvalhas-Almeida Catarina , Sehgal Amita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Glia are increasingly appreciated as serving an important function in the control of sleep and circadian rhythms. Glial cells in Drosophila and mammals regulate daily rhythms of locomotor activity and sleep as well as homeostatic rebound following sleep deprivation. In addition, they contribute to proposed functions of sleep, with different functions mapping to varied glial subtypes. Here, we discuss recent findings in Drosophila and rodent models establishing a role of glia in circadian or sleep regulation of synaptic plasticity, brain metabolism, removal of cellular debris, and immune challenges. These findings underscore the relevance of glia for benefits attributed to sleep and have implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sleep and associated disorders.
Effects of Scalp Nerve Block on Symptomatic Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Combined Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Choi Seungeun , Park Jung Yeon , Jo Woo-Young , Shin Kyung Won , Park Hee-Pyoung , Lee Sung Ho , Cho Won-Sang , Kim Jeong Eun , Oh Hyongmin 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Strict blood pressure control can be used to prevent or treat cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. This study investigated whether scalp nerve block (SNB) is associated with a reduced risk of postoperative symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (SCHS) by reducing postoperative blood pressure in adult patients who underwent combined revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease.

Methods:
Patients were retrospectively divided into the SNB (n=167) and control (n=221) groups depending on whether SNB was performed immediately before placement of wound dressings at the end of surgery. Postoperative SCHS was defined as new-onset postoperative neurological deficits with a focal increase in cerebral blood flow at the perianastomosis site in the absence of infarction or hemorrhage on postoperative brain imaging. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance preoperative variables between the 2 groups.

Results:
The incidence of postoperative SCHS did not differ between the SNB and control groups (61 [36.5%] vs. 102 [46.2%], P=0.072), but its duration was shorter in the SNB group (4 [2–6] vs. 5 [3–7] days, P=0.021). Although of limited clinical relevance, the SNB group had lower postoperative pain scores and systolic blood pressures at postoperative days 0 to 1 and a shorter intensive care unit stay.

Conclusions:
Despite some potential benefits, SNB was not associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative SCHS in adult patients who underwent combined revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease.
Measurement of Ambient Millimeter Wave Exposure Levels around Small Base Stations
Authors: Bushberg Jerrold T. , Butcher Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the implementation and impact of fifth-generation (5G) wireless millimeter wave (mmW) technology. 5G offers significant advancements over previous generations and supports additional frequency bands, including mmW, to enhance mobile broadband with ultra-reliable, low-latency communications, supporting a high volume of diverse communications. This technology is expected to enable billions of new connections in the Internet of Things (IoT), fostering innovations in various sectors including healthcare, manufacturing, and education. This research contributes to the understanding and safe implementation of this transformative technology. Global adoption of 5G is rapidly increasing, with over 1.5 billion subscriptions as of 2024, projected to reach 58% of all wireless subscriptions by 2029. Despite its benefits, 5G mmW installations have raised concerns regarding exposure to electromagnetic fields. This study was conducted using a dual-polarized horn antenna and relatively inexpensive spectrum analyzers to measure typical ambient mmW radiofrequency field power densities near operational radio base stations (RBS) in urban and suburban environments. The measurements were taken at various times of the day and in different weather conditions to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the ambient mmW exposure. The study's results provide reassuring evidence that the ambient mmW exposure from RBSs is significantly lower than the safety limits set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and other international standards. The exposure levels ranged from 0.0003% to 0.0082% of the public maximum permissible exposure (MPE), with the highest levels being more than 25,000 times lower than the allowed continuous public exposure. This study concludes that typical mmW exposure from 5G RBSs is minimal and substantially below established safety limits.
Which metabolites are removed by continuous renal replacement therapies: A prospective, observational, single-center study
Authors: Li Yue , Zeng Siyao , Peng Yahui , Li Tong , Yao Zhipeng , Wang Changsong , Han Qiuyuan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Despite considerable research on the loss of inorganic substances in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), no relevant experimental studies have been conducted to determine whether and how much organic matter is lost and how such loss affects the body.

Methods:
Based on gas chromatography-tandem time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) metabolomics, the plasma and liquid in the waste liquid bags of acute kidney injury (AKI) patients before and after CRRT for 24 h were analyzed.

Results:
The expression of differential metabolites in the waste liquid samples of the 24 h after CRRT (WCRRT) group, the blood samples of the before CRRT (FCRRT) group, and the blood samples of the 24 h after CRRT (PCRRT) group is mainly composed of sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, lipids, and carnitine derivatives. The expression of differential metabolites in the plasma FCRRT and PCRRT groups mainly consists of fatty acids, lipids, carnitine derivatives, and other substances.

Conclusion:
In patients with AKI, CRRT can not only effectively reduce creatinine after 24 h but also lead to the loss of other metabolites, such as fatty acids, lipids, and carnitine derivatives.
Association of pre- and postinjury mental health with long-term clinical and financial outcomes
Authors: Johnson Patrick L. , Hemmila Mark R. , Mullens Cody L. , Oliphant Bryant W. , Monahan Janessa R. , Kelm Julia D. , Jakubus Jill L. , Curtiss William J. , Mosher Benjamin D. , Kieninger Alicia N. , Scott John W. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
As increased attention is placed on optimizing long-term outcomes of trauma patients by addressing mental health, little is known regarding the interplay of pre- and postinjury mental health on long-term financial and functional outcomes.

METHODS
Patients from 19 Level 1 and 2 trauma centers took part in serial surveys 1 to 24 months postdischarge. Preinjury mental health diagnoses were identified using trauma registry data and postinjury mental health symptoms from survey data. Outcomes included (1) health-related quality of life from the EuroQol-5D-5L and (2) elements of financial toxicity (e.g. medical debt, job/income loss, nonmedical bills, unaffordable care). Multivariable models were created, adjusting for patient, injury, and treatment factors, to evaluate the association of preinjury mental health diagnoses and postinjury mental health symptoms on health-related quality of life and financial toxicity.

RESULTS
A total of 1,017 patients completed 1,297 surveys from July 2021 to December 2023, at a median of 6 months postinjury. Forty-six percent were female, the median age was 67.5 years, and 89% had blunt injuries. Thirty-two percent of patients had a preinjury mental health diagnosis, and 49% had self-reported mental health symptoms postdischarge. Patients with preinjury mental health diagnoses had higher odds of postinjury mental health symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6 [2.6–4.9]; p < 0.001); however, 55% of those with postinjury symptoms had no preinjury diagnosis. Postinjury symptoms alone were associated with worse health-related quality of life or financial toxicity. Notably, patients with new postinjury mental health symptoms (no preinjury mental health diagnosis) had the highest rate of foregone postinjury care because of costs (26% vs. 14%, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
More than one-in-two patients had peri-injury mental health conditions, and patients with postinjury mental health symptoms experienced worse financial and functional outcomes. Addressing postinjury mental health may potentially improve long-term health-related quality of life of trauma survivors; however, efforts are needed to ensure that patients can afford the care needed for optimal health.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
BCL6 Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Recruiting SIRT1 to Repress the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Gu Yulei , Li Yue , Zhang Chao , Liu Yi , Shi Huiting , Tian Xiaoxu , Du Jiaqi , Zhang Hao , Cao Shengli , Gao Lu , Zhang Yanzhou , Zhao Guojun 
Published: January 2025

Background.
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (HIRI) is an intrinsic phenomenon observed in the process of various liver surgeries. Unfortunately, there are currently few options available to prevent HIRI. Accordingly, we aim to explore the role and key downstream effects of B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) in hepatic I/R (HIR).

Methods.
BCL6 expression levels were measured in I/R liver tissue and primary hepatocytes stimulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Moreover, we ascertained the BCL6 effect on HIR in vivo using liver-specific BCL6 knockout mice and adenovirus-BCL6-infected mice. RNA-sequencing, luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and interactome analysis were combined to identify the direct target and corresponding molecular events contributing to BCL6 function. DNA pull-down was applied to identify upstream of BCL6 in the H/R challenge.

Results.
HIR represses BCL6 expression in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic BCL6 overexpression attenuates inflammation and apoptosis after I/R injury, whereas BCL6 deficiency aggravates I/R-induced liver injury. RNA-sequencing showed that BCL6 modulated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome signaling in HIRI. Mechanistically, BCL6 deacetylated nuclear factor kappa-B p65 lysine 310 by recruiting sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), thereby inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-B/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 pathway. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT1 blocked the detrimental effects of BCL6 depletion. Moreover, EX 527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, vanished protection from BCL6 overexpression. Furthermore, transcription factor 7 was found to mediate the transcription regulation of BCL6 on H/R challenge.

Conclusions.
Our results provide the first evidence supporting BCL6 as an important protective agent of HIR. This suggests a potential therapeutic approach for HIR.