bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography reveals a lower cortical perfusion and a decreased renal flow reserve in hypertensive patients
Authors: Damianaki Aikaterini , Hendriks-Balk Mariëlle , Brito Wendy , Polychronopoulou Erietta , Theiler Kenji , Maillard Marc , Maurer Jonathan , Eugster Philippe , Pruijm Menno , Wuerzner Grégoire 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Microvascular structural alteration and dysfunction is a hallmark of arterial hypertension. So far, the visualization and the quantification of renal microcirculation in humans has been hampered by the lack of non-nephrotoxic and non-invasive radiologic techniques. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is an appealing method to investigate renal microcirculation and has not been investigated in this setting. We aimed to compare renal microcirculation in normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) participants using CEUS at rest and during a sympathetic stress test.

Methods
We measured the renal perfusion index (PI, primary outcome), the renal resistive index (RRI), beat-to-beat systemic hemodynamics and plasma catecholamines before and during a 2-min cold pressor test (CPT) in NT and HT participants. Linear mixed model analysis was used to compare the effect of the CPT on the variables of interest.

Results
Seventy-three participants (32 HT) with normal kidney function were included. HT participants had a lower baseline PI compared with NT participants [median (interquartile range) 1476 (959–2155) arbitrary units (a.u.) vs 2062 (1438–3318) a.u., P &lt; .001]. The CPT increased blood pressure, heart rate and catecholamines in all participants. The increase in PI observed in NT during the CPT was blunted in HT [+504 (117–920) a.u. vs +1159 (678–2352) a.u in NT, interaction P = .013]. Age, sex and body mass index did not modify these results.

Conclusions
HT patients had a lower basal renal cortical perfusion. During the cold pressor test, HT participants had a smaller increase in the PI, suggesting that renal cortical flow reserve is impaired.
Additional Burden Averted in the United States From Use of MF59-Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Compared With Standard Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Among Adults ≥65 Years
Authors: McGovern Ian , Sardesai Aditya , Taylor Alexandra , Toro-Diaz Hector , Haag Mendel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV3) is designed to overcome immunosenescence and enhance vaccine responses in older adults. We expanded on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) modeling method to estimate the number of additional influenza-related outcomes averted with aIIV3 versus generic quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) in adults ≥65 years over 3 influenza seasons (2017–2018 to 2019–2020) in the United States.

Methods
A static compartmental model was developed based on an existing CDC model with 2 previously recommended calculation methods that increased the accuracy of the model in providing estimates of burden averted. Model inputs included vaccine effectiveness, vaccine coverage, population counts, and disease burden estimates. Additional burden averted (symptomatic cases, outpatient visits, hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and deaths) was expressed as total incremental cases averted between the vaccines. Sensitivity analyses tested the resilience of the model results to uncertainties in model inputs.

Results
The model estimated that vaccination with aIIV3 versus IIV4 would avert 2.24 times as many symptomatic cases, outpatient visits, hospitalizations, ICU stays, and deaths during 2017–2018; the burden averted in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 with aIIV3 would be 3.44 and 1.72 times that averted with IIV4, respectively. Disease burden estimates and relative vaccine effectiveness of aIIV3 had the greatest impact on model estimates.

Conclusions
Over 3 influenza seasons, the model estimated that aIIV3 was more effective than IIV4 in averting influenza-related outcomes, preventing 1.72 to 3.44 times as many influenza illnesses with proportionate decreases in related healthcare use and complications.
Muslim Women, Nikah Marriages, Domestic Abuse and Religious Arbitration in England
Authors: Uddin Islam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores the underlying causes and motivations surrounding non-legally binding Islamic marriages or nikah-only marriages, and their impact on dispute resolution and the process of obtaining a religious divorce, with a special focus on women experiencing domestic abuse. It draws on empirical data from a study of Islamic divorce in the UK. Inspired by phenomenological approaches, the research involved in-depth interviews with British-Muslim women to gain a well-grounded understanding of the problems associated with Muslim marriage, domestic abuse, and divorce from their lived experiences. Furthermore, the study involved interviews with experts associated with providing informal mediation and religious arbitration ranging from imams to Sharia council judges, as well as professionals such as solicitors and counsellors. Sharia council hearings were also observed and their procedural documents were analysed. The data collected were analysed using a thematic approach, and the emergent themes from the rich data provide a detailed insight into the research problem, firmly embedded in the lived experience of British Muslims.
The Netherlands
Authors: Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Netherlands is one of the cradles of modern international law. This is not just because its capital, The Hague is dubbed the ‘legal capital of the world’, but also because it has put a high premium on international law in its foreign policy. Initially, it saw international law as an insurance policy against the scheming of the larger European powers. Especially since the 1970s, however, it has staked out a more universalist position, particularly by actively promoting human rights in its foreign policy. The Dutch self-image of a champion of international law is not free of contradictions, however. The Netherlands is only slowly coming to terms with its colonial past and legacy. Also, its reliance on international law is at times selective and self-serving. Its independent courts, advisory bodies, vibrant media, and academic institutions may however prevent its international law confidence from turning into smugness.
Eukaryote-specific assembly factor DEAP2 mediates an early step of photosystem II assembly in Arabidopsis
Authors: Keller Jakob-Maximilian , Frieboes Maureen Julia , Jödecke Ludwig , Kappel Sandrine , Wulff Natalia , Rindfleisch Tobias , Sandoval-Ibanez Omar , Gerlach Ines , Thiele Wolfram , Bock Ralph , Eirich Jürgen , Finkemeier Iris , Schünemann Danja , Zoschke Reimo , Schöttler Mark Aurel , Armbruster Ute 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe initial step of oxygenic photosynthesis is the thermodynamically challenging extraction of electrons from water and the release of molecular oxygen. This light-driven process, which is the basis for most life on Earth, is catalyzed by photosystem II (PSII) within the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms. The biogenesis of PSII requires a controlled step-wise assembly process of which the early steps are considered to be highly conserved between plants and their cyanobacterial progenitors. This assembly process involves auxiliary proteins, which are likewise conserved. In the present work, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model to show that in plants, a eukaryote-exclusive assembly factor facilitates the early assembly step, during which the intrinsic antenna protein CP47 becomes associated with the PSII reaction center (RC) to form the RC47 intermediate. This factor, which we named DECREASED ELECTRON TRANSPORT AT PSII (DEAP2), works in concert with the conserved PHOTOSYNTHESIS AFFECTED MUTANT 68 (PAM68) assembly factor. The deap2 and pam68 mutants showed similar defects in PSII accumulation and assembly of the RC47 intermediate. The combined lack of both proteins resulted in a loss of functional PSII and the inability of plants to grow photoautotrophically on the soil. While overexpression of DEAP2 partially rescued the pam68 PSII accumulation phenotype, this effect was not reciprocal. DEAP2 accumulated at 20-fold higher levels than PAM68, together suggesting that both proteins have distinct functions. In summary, our results uncover eukaryotic adjustments to the PSII assembly process, which involve the addition of DEAP2 for the rapid progression from RC to RC47.
Compartmentation of photosynthesis gene expression in C4 maize depends on time of day
Authors: Borba Ana Rita , Reyna-Llorens Ivan , Dickinson Patrick J , Steed Gareth , Gouveia Paulo , Górska Alicja M , Gomes Celia , Kromdijk Johannes , Webb Alex A R , Saibo Nelson J M , Hibberd Julian M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompared with the ancestral C3 state, C4 photosynthesis occurs at higher rates with improved water and nitrogen use efficiencies. In both C3 and C4 plants, rates of photosynthesis increase with light intensity and are maximal around midday. We determined that in the absence of light or temperature fluctuations, photosynthesis in maize (Zea mays) peaks in the middle of the subjective photoperiod. To investigate the molecular processes associated with these temporal changes, we performed RNA sequencing of maize mesophyll and bundle sheath strands over a 24-h time course. Preferential expression of C4 cycle genes in these cell types was strongest between 6 and 10 h after dawn when rates of photosynthesis were highest. For the bundle sheath, DNA motif enrichment and gene coexpression analyses suggested members of the DNA binding with one finger (DOF) and MADS (MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE FACTOR 1/AGAMOUS/DEFICIENS/Serum Response Factor)-domain transcription factor families mediate diurnal fluctuations in C4 gene expression, while trans-activation assays in planta confirmed their ability to activate promoter fragments from bundle sheath expressed genes. The work thus identifies transcriptional regulators and peaks in cell-specific C4 gene expression coincident with maximum rates of photosynthesis in the maize leaf at midday.
Income Source Confusion Using the SILC
Authors: Bollinger Christopher Robert , Tasseva Iva Valentinova 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We use a unique panel of household survey data—the Austrian version of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) for 2008–2011—which have been linked to individual administrative records on both state unemployment benefits and earnings. We assess the extent and structure of misreporting across similar benefits and between benefits and earnings. We document that many respondents fail to report participation in one or more of the unemployment programs. Moreover, they inflate earnings for periods when they are unemployed but receiving unemployment compensation. To demonstrate the impact of income source confusion on estimators, we estimate standard Mincer wage equations. Since unemployment is associated with lower education, the reports of unemployment benefits as earnings bias downward the returns to education. Failure to report unemployment benefits also leads to substantial sample bias when selecting on these benefits, as one might in estimating the returns to job training.
Privacy Attitudes toward Mouse-Tracking Paradata Collection
Authors: Henninger Felix , Kieslich Pascal J , Fernández-Fontelo Amanda , Greven Sonja , Kreuter Frauke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Survey participants’ mouse movements provide a rich, unobtrusive source of paradata, offering insight into the response process beyond the observed answers. However, the use of mouse tracking may require participants’ explicit consent for their movements to be recorded and analyzed. Thus, the question arises of how its presence affects the willingness of participants to take part in a survey at all—if prospective respondents are reluctant to complete a survey if additional measures are recorded, collecting paradata may do more harm than good. Previous research has found that other paradata collection modes reduce the willingness to participate, and that this decrease may be influenced by the specific motivation provided to participants for collecting the data. However, the effects of mouse movement collection on survey consent and participation have not been addressed so far. In a vignette experiment, we show that reported willingness to participate in a survey decreased when mouse tracking was part of the overall consent. However, a larger proportion of the sample indicated willingness to both take part and provide mouse-tracking data when these decisions were combined, compared to an independent opt-in to paradata collection, separated from the decision to complete the study. This suggests that survey practitioners may face a trade-off between maximizing their overall participation rate and maximizing the number of participants who also provide mouse-tracking data. Explaining motivations for paradata collection did not have a positive effect and, in some cases, even reduced participants’ reported willingness to take part in the survey.
Comparison of two frailty definitions in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lieber Sarah B , Nahid Musarrat , Legge Alexandra , Rajan Mangala , Lipschultz Robyn A , Lin Myriam , Reid M Carrington , Mandl Lisa A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Frailty is a risk factor for adverse health in SLE. The Fried phenotype (FP) and the SLICC Frailty Index (SLICC-FI) are common frailty metrics reflecting distinct approaches to frailty assessment. We aimed to (1) compare frailty prevalence according to both metrics in women with SLE and describe differences between frail and non-frail participants using each method and (2) evaluate for cross-sectional associations between each metric and self-reported disability.

Methods
Women aged 18–70 years with SLE were enrolled. FP and SLICC-FI were measured, and agreement calculated using a kappa statistic. Physician-reported disease activity and damage, Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive tests, and Valued Life Activities (VLA) self-reported disability were assessed. Differences between frail and non-frail participants were evaluated cross-sectionally, and the association of frailty with disability was determined for both metrics.

Results
Of 67 participants, 17.9% (FP) and 26.9% (SLICC-FI) were frail according to each metric (kappa = 0.41, P &lt; 0.01). Compared with non-frail women, frail women had greater disease damage, worse PROMIS scores, and greater disability (all P &lt; 0.01 for FP and SLICC-FI). After age adjustment, frailty remained associated with a greater odds of disability [FP: odds ratio (OR) 4.7, 95% CI 1.2, 18.8; SLICC-FI: OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.3, 15.8].

Conclusion
Frailty is present in 17.9–26.9% of women with SLE. These metrics identified a similar, but non-identical group of women as frail. Further studies are needed to explore which metric is most informative in this population.
Professional Identity Formation of Basic Science Medical Educators: A Qualitative Study of Identity Supports and Threats
Authors: Brooks Joanna Veazey , Dickinson Bonny L. , Quesnelle Kelly M. , Bonaminio Giulia A. , Chalk-Wilayto Janine , Dahlman Kimberly Brown , Fulton Tracy B. , Hyland Katherine M. , Kruidering Marieke , Osheroff Neil , Tuan Rupa Lalchandani , Ho Ming-Jung 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Basic science medical educators (BSME) play a vital role in the training of medical students, yet little is known about the factors that shape their professional identities. This multi-institutional qualitative study investigated factors that support and threaten the professional identity formation (PIF) of these medical educators.

Method
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with a purposive sample of 58 BSME from 7 allopathic medical schools in the U.S. In-depth semi-structured interviews of individual BSME were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 to explore the facilitators and barriers shaping the PIF of BSME. Thematic analysis was conducted.

Results
Factors shaping PIF were grouped into 3 broad domains: personal, social, and structural. Interrelated themes described a combination of factors that pushed BSME into teaching (early or positive teaching experiences) and kept them there (satisfaction and rewards of teaching, communities of like-minded people), as well as factors that challenged their PIF (misunderstanding from medical students, clinical, and research faculty, lack of formal training programs, and lack of tenure-track educator positions). The structural environment was reported to be crucial for PIF and determined whether BSME felt that they belonged and were valued.

Conclusions
This study shows that although most BSME derive a sense of fulfillment and meaning from their role as medical educators, they face considerable obstacles during their PIF. Structural change and support are needed to increase recognition, value, promotion, and belonging for BSME to improve the satisfaction and retention of this important group of faculty.
Automated Patient Note Grading: Examining Scoring Reliability and Feasibility
Authors: Bond William F. , Zhou Jianing , Bhat Suma , Park Yoon Soo , Ebert-Allen Rebecca A. , Ruger Rebecca L. , Yudkowsky Rachel 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Scoring postencounter patient notes (PNs) yields significant insights into student performance, but the resource intensity of scoring limits its use. Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning allow application of automated short answer grading (ASAG) for this task. This retrospective study evaluated psychometric characteristics and reliability of an ASAG system for PNs and factors contributing to implementation, including feasibility and case-specific phrase annotation required to tune the system for a new case.

Method
PNs from standardized patient (SP) cases within a graduation competency exam were used to train the ASAG system, applying a feed-forward neural networks algorithm for scoring. Using faculty phrase-level annotation, 10 PNs per case were required to tune the ASAG system. After tuning, ASAG item-level ratings for 20 notes were compared across ASAG-faculty (4 cases, 80 pairings) and ASAG-nonfaculty (2 cases, 40 pairings). Psychometric characteristics were examined using item analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was examined using kappa.

Results
ASAG scores demonstrated sufficient variability in differentiating learner PN performance and high IRR between machine and human ratings. Across all items the ASAG-faculty scoring mean kappa was .83 (SE ± .02). The ASAG-nonfaculty pairings kappa was .83 (SE ± .02). The ASAG scoring demonstrated high item discrimination. Internal consistency reliability values at the case level ranged from a Cronbach’s alpha of .65 to .77. Faculty time cost to train and supervise nonfaculty raters for 4 cases was approximately $1,856. Faculty cost to tune the ASAG system was approximately $928.

Conclusions
NLP-based automated scoring of PNs demonstrated a high degree of reliability and psychometric confidence for use as learner feedback. The small number of phrase-level annotations required to tune the system to a new case enhances feasibility. ASAG-enabled PN scoring has broad implications for improving feedback in case-based learning contexts in medical education.
Hsa_circ_0001946 Ameliorates Mechanical Stress-induced Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Via Targeting miR-432-5p and SOX9
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wang Juntan , Cheng Zhangrong , Zhao Kangcheng , Gan Weikang , Chen Yuhang , Zhang Yukun 
Published: August 2023

Study Design.
Experimental analysis of circular RNA in intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD).

Objective.
This study aimed to explore the roles of hsa_circ_0001946 (circ-CDR1as) in mechanical stress-induced nucleus pulposus cell injury in IDD.

Summary of Background Data.
Mechanical stress is an important pathogenic factor for IDD. Excessive compression stress leads to nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and accelerated IDD. Circ-CDR1as is associated with various degenerative conditions, but its role in IDD is not clear. Herein, we explored the roles and mechanisms of circ-CDR1as in IDD in vitro.

Materials and Methods.
An in vitro model of IDD was constructed by treating NP cells with 1.0 MPa compression stress. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used for detecting the expression of circ-CDR1as and miR-432-5p. Immunofluorescent analysis was performed for MMP13 detection. Western blot assay was performed for detecting apoptosis and ECM-related protein expression. Flow cytometry analysis was used for cell apoptosis analysis. The dual-luciferase reporter was used to analyze the interaction between miR-432-5p and circ-CDR1as or SOX9. Differences in means between groups were evaluated using the Student t test or one-way analysis of variance.

Results.
In compression-treated human NP cells, we found that circ-CDR1as was significantly downregulated. Functional experiments showed that circ-CDR1as overexpression reduced the compression-induced apoptosis and ECM degradation in NP cells. Further research indicated that circ-CDR1as could act as a molecular sponge for miR-432-5p, a miRNA that enhanced compression-induced damage of NP cells by inhibiting the expression of SOX9. The luciferase reporter experiments also showed that the mutual dialogue between circ-CDR1as and miR-432-5p regulated the expression of SOX9.

Conclusions.
Circ-CDR1as binds to miR-432-5p and plays a protective role in mitigating compression-induced NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation by targeting SOX9. Circ-CDR1as may provide a novel therapeutic target for the clinical management of IDD in the future.
A Comparison of Multimodal Analgesic Regimens for Opioid Reduction in Elective Plastic Surgery: A Randomized Study
Authors: Long-Lijoi Katherine L. , Mukherjee Hrijeeta , Pinell Ximena A. , Grimmer Karl , Davison Steven P. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
This trial aimed to compare the efficacy of a multimodal analgesic regimen with gabapentin to a multimodal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) regimen following cosmetic surgery. This was a prospective randomized study of 106 patients undergoing elective outpatient cosmetic surgery.

Methods:
Patients were randomly assigned to a multimodal regimen of postoperative acetaminophen, gabapentin, and oxycodone with an acetaminophen and gabapentin preload or postoperative ibuprofen and oxycodone-acetaminophen protocol without a preload. Data on compliance, number of narcotic pills consumed, duration of analgesic use, pain levels, patient satisfaction, time from incision close to postanesthesia care unit (PACU) admission, and incidence of bleeding-related complications were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Patients from both regimens reported equivalent postoperative pain control with the exception of pain in PACU. NSAID patients exhibited a 9.3% higher rate of compliance (P = 0.01), a 6.0% higher rate of satisfaction with pain control (P = 0.04), a 25.2% shorter interval between closure and PACU (=0.01), and an 8.2% lower rate of bleeding-related complications, all of which were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Both regimens are viable tools in combating opioid overprescription as they both effectively reduce postoperative pain. However, the NSAID protocol resulted in greater satisfaction related to pain management and was more cost-effective by reducing emergence time from anesthesia. As there were no hematomas associated with the use of NSAIDs and a significantly higher rate of compliance, the use of NSAIDs in enhanced recovery after surgery protocols is supported.