bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of wear-, fracture- and corrosion performance of Vanadis 6 steel through cryogenic treatment and tempering
Authors: Jurči P , Yarasu V , Dlouhý I , Bartkowska A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vanadis 6 cold work tool steel was vacuum austenitized, room temperature quenched, differently cryogenically treated (-75, -140 and -196 °C for different durations) and double tempered, at temperatures of either 170 or 530 °C. Galling resistance was assessed by pin-on-disc testing of differently treated specimens against CuSn bronze, at wide ranges of sliding velocities and loads. The obtained results show that cryogenic treatments combined with low temperature tempering improves anti-galling performance of the steel. The best tribological properties were obtained when high-temperature tempering was combined with cryogenic treatment at -196 °C, due to the maximum extent of microstructural alteration generated by this kind of treatment. The improvement in wear performance is accompanied with slight but undisputable increase in corrosion resistance of the steel, at almost no affected toughness as compared with the state after conventional heat treatment. In conclusion, the obtained results imply an opportunity to simultaneously improve wear performance, corrosion resistance and toughness of the examined steel, by choosing a proper combination of cryogenic treatment and tempering.
Friction and lubrication modelling in sheet metal forming: Influence of local tool roughness on product quality
Authors: Domhof A T M , Waanders D. , Hol J , Sigvant M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To improve the accuracy of forming simulations, advanced friction models are increasingly used in the industry. These models account for the physical properties of the sheet, tool and lubrication and describe the tribological conditions during the forming operation. One of the main influencing factors on the tribology system, and therefore the friction coefficient, is the surface roughness of the tools. Until now, it is often assumed all tools have the same uniform surface roughness. In reality however, the tool might have different surface conditions dependent on the type and location of the tool. That is, the blank holder might be differently polished than the punch, and sharp radii might have a different tool roughness compared to flat areas. This paper investigates a significant number of tool measurements from different tool sets from Volvo Cars, and quantifies the effect of local surface conditions on product quality.
Unusually large magnetic moment and tricritical behavior of the CMR compound NaCr2O4 revealed with high resolution neutron diffraction and
μ+
SR
Authors: Nocerino Elisabetta , Forslund Ola Kenji , Sakurai Hiroya , Hoshikawa Akinori , Matsubara Nami , Andreica Daniel , Zubayer Anton , Mazza Federico , Saito Takashi , Sugiyama Jun , Umegaki Izumi , Sassa Yasmine , Månsson Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The mixed valence Cr3+/Cr4+ compound NaCr2O4, hosts a plethora of unconventional electronic properties. In the present study, muon spin rotation/relaxation (

μ
+

SR) and high-resolution time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction measurements were carried out on high-quality samples to clarify the complex magnetic ground state of this unique material. We identified a commensurate canted antiferromagnetic order (C-AFM) with a canting angle of the Cr spin axial vector equal to

θ

c

=
(
8.8
±
0.5

)

∘

, and an estimated Cr moment

μ

C
r

C

∼
(
4.30
±
0.01
)

μ

B

. Such an unusually large value of

μ

C
r

C

is compatible with the existence of high-spin Cr sites created by the presence of an unconventional negative charge transfer state in NaCr2O4. In addition to the C-AFM structure, a novel magnetic supercell was also revealed. Such supercell display an incommensurate (IC)-AFM propagation vector (0 0

1
2

−

δ

), having a Cr moment

μ

C
r

I
C

=
(
2.20
±
0.03
)

μ

B

. It is suggested that the C-AFM and IC-AFM modulations have two different electronic origins, being due to itinerant and localized contributions to the magnetic moment respectively. Finally, the direct measurement of the magnetic order parameter for the C-AFM structure provided a value of the critical exponent

β
=
0.245
≈

1
4

, suggesting a non conventional critical behavior for the magnetic phase transition in NaCr2O4.
Prospects required for future light-source facilities: a case of UVSOR synchrotron facility
Authors: Kera S , Matsui F , Tanaka K , Taira Y , Araki T , Ohigashi T , Iwayama H , Fujimoto M , Matsuda H , Salehi E , Katoh M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The synchrotron radiation facility is a large-scale public infrastructure that provides advanced light sources and is used for various academic research and application development. For 40 years, UVSOR Synchrotron Facility has been leading the field as a facility that has developed and utilized cutting-edge light source technology in the low-photon-energy regime. The next UVSOR aims to establish a center for quantum photon science research through the development of unexplored characterization technologies by advanced use of light sources and a measurement and analysis support environment. The science of molecular dynamics with spatio-temporal hierarchies for evaluating and controlling the functions of complex systems will be pioneered. The assets of UVSOR and the fundamental measurement and analysis technology of the Institute for Molecular Science will be inherited effectively and progressively. We plan to contribute to strengthening the foundation of many fundamental disciplines to create next-generation industrial applications.
Investigation on the environmental impact of R32, R152a and R41 refrigerant blends
Authors: Karthik M S Kiran , John Samuel K , Bhargav K Pawan , Varma K S Dileep , Subramanian Anirudh , Santhosh Kanna N , Bibin B S , Gundabattini Edison 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The improper usage of refrigerants has a drastic impact on the environment, which is contributing to global warming and ozone layer depletion. The refrigerants which are being used currently have a very high GWP (Global Warming Potential) value that signifies an adverse impact on global warming. Refrigerant properties can be enhanced and modified by making refrigerant blends. This research uses GWP as a measure of refrigerant impact on global warming and provides alternative refrigerant blends for R32, R41, and R152a refrigerants. The results show 89.1% and 88.64% reduction in the GWP value of the R32 refrigerant blend and R152a refrigerant blend respectively. The R41 refrigerant blend has shown a reduction of 78.26%, with higher performance characteristics.
Brain-inspired nanophotonic spike computing: challenges and prospects
Authors: Romeira Bruno , Adão Ricardo , Nieder Jana B , Al-Taai Qusay , Zhang Weikang , Hadfield Robert H , Wasige Edward , Hejda Matěj , Hurtado Antonio , Malysheva Ekaterina , Dolores Calzadilla Victor , Lourenço João , Castro Alves D , Figueiredo José M L , Ortega-Piwonka Ignacio , Javaloyes Julien , Edwards Stuart , Davies J Iwan , Horst Folkert , Offrein Bert J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nanophotonic spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on neuron-like excitable subwavelength (submicrometre) devices are of key importance for realizing brain-inspired, power-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) systems with high degree of parallelism and energy efficiency. Despite significant advances in neuromorphic photonics, compact and efficient nanophotonic elements for spiking signal emission and detection, as required for spike-based computation, remain largely unexplored. In this invited perspective, we outline the main challenges, early achievements, and opportunities toward a key-enabling photonic neuro-architecture using III–V/Si integrated spiking nodes based on nanoscale resonant tunnelling diodes (nanoRTDs) with folded negative differential resistance. We utilize nanoRTDs as nonlinear artificial neurons capable of spiking at high-speeds. We discuss the prospects for monolithic integration of nanoRTDs with nanoscale light-emitting diodes and nanolaser diodes, and nanophotodetectors to realize neuron emitter and receiver spiking nodes, respectively. Such layout would have a small footprint, fast operation, and low power consumption, all key requirements for efficient nano-optoelectronic spiking operation. We discuss how silicon photonics interconnects, integrated photorefractive interconnects, and 3D waveguide polymeric interconnections can be used for interconnecting the emitter-receiver spiking photonic neural nodes. Finally, using numerical simulations of artificial neuron models, we present spike-based spatio-temporal learning methods for applications in relevant AI-based functional tasks, such as image pattern recognition, edge detection, and SNNs for inference and learning. Future developments in neuromorphic spiking photonic nanocircuits, as outlined here, will significantly boost the processing and transmission capabilities of next-generation nanophotonic spike-based neuromorphic architectures for energy-efficient AI applications. This perspective paper is a result of the European Union funded research project ChipAI in the frame of the Horizon 2020 Future and Emerging Technologies Open programme.
Ambient air temperature and temperature variability affecting blood pressure—a repeated-measures study in Augsburg, Germany
Authors: Woeckel Margarethe , Schneider Alexandra , Cyrys Josef , Wolf Kathrin , Meisinger Christa , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Breitner Susanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ambient air temperature and temperature variability are supposed to influence blood pressure (BP); however, findings are inconsistent. We examined the effects of short-term changes in ambient temperature and temperature variability on systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) in a repeated-measures study. Repeated BP measurements were available for 3184 participants from the German population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 survey (1999–2001) and two follow-up examinations (2006–08 and 2013–14). Daily meteorological data were obtained from fixed measurement stations including air temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR). We used confounder-adjusted additive mixed models to examine immediate (same-day, lag 0), delayed (lag 1 to lag 4), and cumulative (up to lag 0–13) exposure effects. Decreases in air temperature were associated with increases in SBP, DBP, and MAP, while we observed no effects for PP at all. For example, a 1 °C decrease in the 14-day moving average (lag 0–13) mean air temperature was associated with a 0.54% [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.41%;0.68%] increase in SBP. Furthermore, decreasing DTR was linked to increasing SBP, DBP, and MAP measures. In the sensitivity analyses, results were found to be robust. Examination of exposure–response functions according to season revealed, that associations for summer and winter can be considered linear, while we detected non-linear functions in spring and autumn. Furthermore, exposure–response functions also differed in the three different surveys. As BP levels influence the risk of cardiovascular mortality, our results show the importance of considering temperature and its variation as potential risk factors. As ongoing climate change affects temperature variability, it is important to understand how the body adapts to changing ambient temperatures.
Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies based on ultrasound-triggered biomaterials
Authors: Huang Danqing , Wang Jinglin , Wen Baojie , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is a kind of acoustic wave with frequency higher than 20 kHz. Learning from the echo detection ability of bats and dolphins, scientists applied US for clinical imaging by sending out US waves and detecting echoes with shifted intensities and frequencies from human tissue. US has long played a critical role in noninvasive, real-time, low-cost and portable diagnostic imaging. With the in-depth study of US in multidisciplinary fields, US and US-responsive materials have shown practical value in not only disease diagnosis, but also disease treatment. In this review, we introduce the recently proposed and representative US-responsive materials for biomedical applications, including diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We focused on US-mediated physicochemical therapies, such as sonodynamic therapy, high-intensity focused US ablation, sonothermal therapy, thrombolysis, etc, and US-controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, gases, genes, proteins and bacteria. We conclude with the current challenges facing the clinical translation of smart US-responsive materials and prospects for the future development of US medicine.
Specifying Interpersonal Responsibilities in Private Law: Property Perspectives
Authors: Walsh Rachael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recognizing Wrongs reflects an ongoing challenge within private law theory: once an ideal of interpersonal responsibility and accountability is recognised at private law’s centre, how are these dimensions of private law to be developed in a manner that does not unduly undermine systemic predictability and clarity? This article responds to this challenge from the perspective of property law and theory. It suggests that inspiration as to the kinds of core unifying values that could clarify private law’s obligational dimensions can be found in varied sources, including in Thomistic property thinking, with opportunities for identifying and developing interpersonal responsibilities already existing in property doctrine, for example in the law of servitudes. As we face urgent sustainability challenges, with their strong inter-generational dimensions, the article argues that scholars should think afresh about the need to clarify the moral basis of interpersonal responsibilities in respect of property, with the Thomistic focus on human sustenance providing one candidate for reasoning about ownership obligations.
Improved structure-related prediction for insufficient homologous proteins using MSA enhancement and pre-trained language model
Authors: Meng Qiaozhen , Guo Fei , Tang Jijun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In recent years, protein structure problems have become a hotspot for understanding protein folding and function mechanisms. It has been observed that most of the protein structure works rely on and benefit from co-evolutionary information obtained by multiple sequence alignment (MSA). As an example, AlphaFold2 (AF2) is a typical MSA-based protein structure tool which is famous for its high accuracy. As a consequence, these MSA-based methods are limited by the quality of the MSAs. Especially for orphan proteins that have no homologous sequence, AlphaFold2 performs unsatisfactorily as MSA depth decreases, which may pose a barrier to its widespread application in protein mutation and design problems in which there are no rich homologous sequences and rapid prediction is needed. In this paper, we constructed two standard datasets for orphan and de novo proteins which have insufficient/none homology information, called Orphan62 and Design204, respectively, to fairly evaluate the performance of the various methods in this case. Then, depending on whether or not utilizing scarce MSA information, we summarized two approaches, MSA-enhanced and MSA-free methods, to effectively solve the issue without sufficient MSAs. MSA-enhanced model aims to improve poor MSA quality from the data source by knowledge distillation and generation models. MSA-free model directly learns the relationship between residues on enormous protein sequences from pre-trained models, bypassing the step of extracting the residue pair representation from MSA. Next, we evaluated the performance of four MSA-free methods (trRosettaX-Single, TRFold, ESMFold and ProtT5) and MSA-enhanced (Bagging MSA) method compared with a traditional MSA-based method AlphaFold2, in two protein structure-related prediction tasks, respectively. Comparison analyses show that trRosettaX-Single and ESMFold which belong to MSA-free method can achieve fast prediction ($\sim\! 40$s) and comparable performance compared with AF2 in tertiary structure prediction, especially for short peptides, $\alpha $-helical segments and targets with few homologous sequences. Bagging MSA utilizing MSA enhancement improves the accuracy of our trained base model which is an MSA-based method when poor homology information exists in secondary structure prediction. Our study provides biologists an insight of how to select rapid and appropriate prediction tools for enzyme engineering and peptide drug development.

Contact
guofei@csu.edu.cn, jj.tang@siat.ac.cn
Cell shape characterization, alignment, and comparison using FlowShape
Authors: van Bavel Casper , Thiels Wim , Jelier Rob 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The shape of a cell is tightly controlled, and reflects important processes including actomyosin activity, adhesion properties, cell differentiation, and polarization. Hence, it is informative to link cell shape to genetic and other perturbations. However, most currently used cell shape descriptors capture only simple geometric features such as volume and sphericity. We propose FlowShape, a new framework to study cell shapes in a complete and generic way.

Results
In our framework a cell shape is represented by measuring the curvature of the shape and mapping it onto a sphere in a conformal manner. This single function on the sphere is next approximated by a series expansion: the spherical harmonics decomposition. The decomposition facilitates many analyses, including shape alignment and statistical cell shape comparison. The new tool is applied to perform a complete, generic analysis of cell shapes, using the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo as a model case. We distinguish and characterize the cells at the seven-cell stage. Next, a filter is designed to identify protrusions on the cell shape to highlight lamellipodia in cells. Further, the framework is used to identify any shape changes following a gene knockdown of the Wnt pathway. Cells are first optimally aligned using the fast Fourier transform, followed by calculating an average shape. Shape differences between conditions are next quantified and compared to an empirical distribution. Finally, we put forward a highly performant implementation of the core algorithm, as well as routines to characterize, align and compare cell shapes, through the open-source software package FlowShape.

Availability and implementation
The data and code needed to recreate the results are freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7778752. The most recent version of the software is maintained at https://bitbucket.org/pgmsembryogenesis/flowshape/.
MolClustPy: a Python package to characterize multivalent biomolecular clusters
Authors: Chattaraj Aniruddha , Nalagandla Indivar , Loew Leslie M , Blinov Michael L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Summary
Low-affinity interactions among multivalent biomolecules may lead to the formation of molecular complexes that undergo phase transitions to become supply-limited large clusters. In stochastic simulations, such clusters display a wide range of sizes and compositions. We have developed a Python package, MolClustPy, which performs multiple stochastic simulation runs using NFsim (Network-Free stochastic simulator); MolClustPy characterizes and visualizes the distribution of cluster sizes, molecular composition, and bonds across molecular clusters. The statistical analysis offered by MolClustPy is readily applicable to other stochastic simulation software, such as SpringSaLaD and ReaDDy.

Availability and implementation
The software is implemented in Python. A detailed Jupyter notebook is provided to enable convenient running. Code, user guide, and examples are freely available at https://molclustpy.github.io/
Migration of Eastern North American monarch butterflies via the South-east and the Atlantic: evidence from stable isotopes, thin layer chromatography, DNA and phenotype
Authors: Dockx Cristina , Hobson Keith A , Kronforst Marcus , Kardynal Kevin J , Pozo Carmen , Schuster Jack , Green Delbert A , Dix Margaret , Nallu Sumitha , Lynch Steve 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), from eastern North America are well known for their incredible autumn migration to Mexico; however, not all monarchs follow this route. There is evidence of monarchs overwintering and reproducing in Florida, arriving to insular and continental Caribbean, and roosting by the thousands in the Yucatán, Mexico. This work aims to present evidence that these monarchs are part of two current migratory routes, that we consider as the south-eastern and the Atlantic routes, routes that were probably more prominent in the past. Monarchs were collected for 12 months in south Florida, for 4 years in Cuba in November and once in March, in the Yucatán and Guatemala at different times, and once in northern Venezuela. We used two independent techniques, stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) analyses of the wings and/or thin layer chromatography (TLC), to trace the monarch’s natal grounds. We analysed the DNA of monarchs collected in St. Marks in the Florida Panhandle, Cuba and Guatemala, and compared those data against previously-analysed DNA data from monarchs in the Americas to characterize their genetic structure and to assess the possible movement and presence of North American monarchs and/or their alleles outside the USA. Our results support the existence of south-eastern and Atlantic migratory routes. TLC, isotope and DNA analyses showed the arrival of likely North American monarchs in Cuba, Yucatán, Guatemala, Venezuela and other areas of the Americas. North American monarchs found in these areas have different natal grounds, phenotypic traits and DNA signature than Mexican migrants. Monarchs from the south-eastern route mostly originated in the south-east USA and fed on local Asclepias spp., such as Asclepias viridis, Asclepias humistrata, Asclepias perennis and Asclepias asperula. Butterflies from this migratory route move east, enter the Florida Peninsula, pass to Cuba, fly to the Yucatán and then to Guatemala where they appear to overwinter in the high mountains of Guatemala where Abies guatemalensis occurs. Monarchs that are part of the Atlantic route move east of the Appalachians, enter the Florida Peninsula, and from there pass to the insular and continental Caribbean. The main host plants for the Atlantic monarchs are A. perennis and A. humistrata; in contrast, Mexican monarchs mainly feed on Asclepias syriaca. Some monarchs from these two proposed migratory routes, south-eastern and Atlantic, will stay in the places where they travelled and others will return via Florida and Mexico. We propose a scenario for how the different migratory routes evolved.