bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using 3D CNN for classification of Parkinson’s disease from resting-state fMRI data
Authors: Islam Nair Ul , Khanam Ruqaiya , Kumar Ashok 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Currently, there is no specific diagnostic test available for Parkinson’s disease, and physicians rely on symptoms and medical history for diagnosis. In this study, a 3D-CNN deep learning model is proposed for detecting Parkinson’s disease using 4D-fMRI data. The data is preprocessed using independent component analysis (ICA) and dual regression processes through MELODIC in FSL, which results in a sequence of 30 3D spatial maps, each with its unique time course. A reference network, referred to as an atlas, is then applied using the fslcc command in FSL to map the 3D spatial maps. Fourteen resting-state networks (RSNs) are identified successfully, while the remaining maps are rejected as noise or artifacts. The detected RSNs or 3D spatial maps are fed into the 3D-CNN model, which is trained with a 10-fold cross-validation method. The proposed model has an accuracy of 86.07% on average.
Role of clinical attachments in psychiatry for international medical graduates to enhance recruitment and retention in the NHS
Authors: Rajpara Milap , Chand Parveen , Majumder Pallab 
Published: August 2023

Aims and methodThere are numerous challenges in the recruitment and retention of the medical workforce in psychiatry. This mixed-methods study examined the role of psychiatry clinical attachments for international medical graduates (IMGs) to enhance recruitment and retention. An online survey was launched to capture views and perceptions of IMGs about clinical attachments. The quantitative and qualitative responses were analysed to elicit findings.ResultsIn total, 92 responses were received, with respondents commonly from India, Pakistan and Egypt. Respondents were mostly aged 25–34, with ≥3 years of psychiatry experience. Over 80% expressed strong interest in completing a psychiatry clinical attachment and believed it would support career progression. Qualitative data indicated that IMGs hoped to gain clinical experience and understanding of the National Health Service (NHS). They wished for a clearer, simpler process for clinical attachments.Clinical implicationsClinical attachment can be mutually beneficial, providing IMGs with opportunity to confidently start their psychiatry career in the UK and enhance medical recruitment in mental health services across the NHS.
Temperature-driven structural phase transitions in 0.05(Na0.50Bi0.50)TiO3-0.95NaNbO3 solid solution via amplitude mode analysis
Authors: Jayakrishnan V. B. , Mishra S. K. , Sastry P. U. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Structural phase transitions in the ABO3-type lead-free eco-friendly piezoelectric

(05NBT) have been studied as a function of temperature using dielectric and X-ray diffraction techniques. Below 300 K, we observed dispersion in dielectric permittivity with the frequency, which confirmed relaxor behaviour in 05NBT. Using detailed analysis of temperature-dependent powder X-ray diffraction data of 05NBT, four phase transitions were identified across 600 K, 773 K, 823 K and 923 K. We found that on doping 5% NBT in pure sodium niobate, the low-temperature rhombohedral ferroelectric (N) phase and the high-temperature (S) phase of the sodium niobate get suppressed. To get a better insight about the temperature-driven structural phase transitions, various antiferrodistortive and additional distortive mode as well as the mode amplitude relative to high-symmetry cubic phase were computed and results are discussed.
Evolution of the wave function's shape in a time-dependent harmonic potential
Authors: Livine E. R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An effective operational approach to quantum mechanics is to focus on the evolution of wave packets, for which the wave function can be seen in the semi-classical regime as representing a classical motion dressed with extra degrees of freedom describing the shape of the wave packet and its fluctuations. These quantum dressing are independent degrees of freedom, mathematically encoded in the higher moments of the wave function. We review how to extract the effective dynamics for Gaussian wave packets evolving according to the Schrödinger equation with time-dependent potential in a 1 + 1-dimensional spacetime, and derive the equations of motion for the quadratic uncertainty. We then show how to integrate the evolution of all the higher moments for a general wave function in a time-dependent harmonic potential.
Biosynthesis and Function of VIP and Oxytocin: Mechanisms of C-terminal Amidation, Oxytocin Secretion and Transport
Authors: Yonekura Hideto , Kato Ichiro , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Ikeda Takayuki , Higashida Haruhiro , Okamoto Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this review, we provide the status of research on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and oxytocin, typical C-terminal α-amidated peptide hormones, including their precursor protein structures, processing and C-terminal α-amidation, and the recently identified mechanisms of regulation of oxytocin secretion and its transportation through the blood brain barrier. More than half of neural and endocrine peptides, such as VIP and oxytocin, have the α-amide structure at their C-terminus, which is essential for biological activities. We have studied the synthesis and function of C-terminal α-amidated peptides, including VIP and oxytocin, since the 1980s. Human VIP mRNA encoded not only VIP but also another related C-terminal α-amidated peptide, PHM-27 (peptide having amino-terminal histidine, carboxy-terminal methionine amide, and 27 amino acid residues). The human VIP/PHM-27 gene is composed of 7 exons and regulated synergistically by cyclic AMP and protein kinase C pathways. VIP has an essential role in glycemic control using transgenic mouse technology. The peptide C-terminal α-amidation proceeded through a 2-step mechanism catalyzed by 2 different enzymes encoded in a single mRNA. In the oxytocin secretion from the hypothalamus/the posterior pituitary, the CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system, which was first established in the insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells of the islets of Langerhans, was found to be essential. A possible mechanism involving RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) of the oxytocin transportation from the blood stream into the brain through the blood–brain barrier has also been suggested.
Salinomycin disturbs Golgi function and specifically affects cells in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Marjanović Marko , Mikecin Dražić Ana-Matea , Mioč Marija , Paradžik Mladen , Kliček Filip , Novokmet Mislav , Lauc Gordan , Kralj Marijeta 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gives rise to cells with properties similar to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting the EMT program to selectively eliminate CSCs is a promising way to improve cancer therapy. Salinomycin (Sal), a K+/H+ ionophore, was identified as highly selective towards CSC-like cells, but its mechanism of action and selectivity remains elusive. Here, we show that Sal, similar to monensin and nigericin, disturbs the function of the Golgi. Sal alters the expression of Golgi-related genes and leads to marked changes in Golgi morphology, particularly in cells that have undergone EMT. Moreover, Golgi-disturbing agents severely affect post-translational modifications of proteins, including protein processing, glycosylation and secretion. We discover that the alterations induced by Golgi-disturbing agents specifically affect the viability of EMT cells. Collectively, our work reveals a novel vulnerability related to the EMT, suggesting an important role for the Golgi in the EMT and that targeting the Golgi could represent a novel therapeutic approach against CSCs.
A Novel Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Constructed by Triptycene-2,3,6,7,14, 15-Hexacarboxylic Acid
Authors: Sugamata Koh , Yamada Shoko , Yanagisawa Daichi , Minoura Mao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Triptycene-2,3,6,7,14,15-hexacarboxylic acid (4) was synthesized via a new and efficient route. A single-component, porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework (TrpHOF) was constructed by recrystallization of 4. Although TrpHOF shows almost no N2 uptake, not even at 1 atm and 77 K, the maximum CO2 adsorption at 1 atm and 273 K is 8.2 cm3/g, showing a type-I isotherm, which is characteristic of microporous materials.
The Effect of Lightweight Shoes on Air Force Basic Training Injuries: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kasper Korey B. , Nye Nathaniel S. , Casey Theresa M. , Cockerell Meredith G. , Trigg Steven D. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Bone stress injuries (BSI) are a leading medical diagnosis and cause of training disruptions and increased costs in US Air Force basic military training (BMT). Currently, as required by law, all trainees are issued athletic shoes upon arrival to BMT; however, the issued shoes are often disliked by trainees and are suspected of contributing to injury. This study investigated the effect of issuing shoes with lighter weight, lower heel-to-toe drop, and wider toe box than the standard-issue shoes to compare comfort, musculoskeletal injuries, and training outcomes.

Methods
In this blinded, randomized controlled product evaluation, trainees of a single BMT squadron were issued either the standard-issue shoes or a lighter-weight alternative; following completion of BMT, male and female cohorts were compared for differences in fitness assessment results, musculoskeletal injuries, and graduation delays using routinely collected databases. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using a chi-square test with significance set to α ≤ 0.05.

Results
Among male trainees, issuing the lighter-weight shoe resulted in an absolute risk reduction of 6.05% (from 13.87% to 7.82%) and a relative risk reduction of 43.62% for BSI. Also, trainees who received the heavier standard-issue shoes noted the shoes to be “too uncomfortable to wear” at a significantly higher rate.

Conclusion
Issuing shoes with lighter weight, smaller heel-to-toe drop, and wider toe box appears to reduce the risk of BSI and shoe dissatisfaction among male BMT trainees; such shoe characteristics should be considered for use in populations engaging in similar physical training.
Comparison of efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and ropivacaine in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries for post-operative analgesia
Authors: Bhuyan Shyamolima , Chandak Aruna , Chakole Vivek 
Published: August 2023

Background: Sub-arachnoid block or spinal anaesthesia is a common mode of anaesthesia that is used for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Bupivacaine hydrochloride is a long-acting amide anaesthetic used extensively intrathecally. It has the ability to effectively block sensory and motor pathways. However, it has drawbacks, like cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Ropivacaine is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic agent. It has the capacity to block sensory nerves more than motor nerves. Ropivacaine has reduced potential for neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid. It can be added as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic agents used intrathecally. Fentanyl is characterised by its high potency, rapid serum elimination, and minimal histamine release. The blood-brain barrier can be quickly crossed by fentanyl, which takes one to two minutes to generate analgesia. Objectives: To compare post-operative analgesia in patients receiving bupivacaine with fentanyl and ropivacaine with fentanyl in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries via sub-arachnoid block; onset, duration of analgesia, duration of sensory and motor blockade; study the haemodynamic stability of patients in both groups; compare the requirement of 24 hours rescue analgesia; to compare the incidence of side effects. Methodology: This study will be a comparative interventional study which will be conducted on 60 adult patients of both sexes posted for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. They will be randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in both groups. Group A: Patients receiving bupivacaine 3 mL with fentanyl 25 µg and Group B: Patients receiving ropivacaine 3mL with fentanyl 25 µg. The onset of and duration of block (sensory as well as motor), hemodynamic parameters, post-operative analgesia time and side effects (if any) will be recorded. Trial registration: Submitted to Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) Trial REF/2023/05/067586
Effect of Powerbreath Medic Plus versus Threshold IMT on maximal inspiratory pressure and functional capacity in post-operative ventricular septal defect closure: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choubisa Chitrakshi A , Vardhan Dr. Vishnu 
Published: August 2023

Background: Congenital heart disease is a general phrase that refers to any heart conditions that exist at birth, the most prevalent of which being ventricular septal defects (VSD) and foetal congenital malformations. VSD refers to the presence of aperture between the ventricles which leads to mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. Although many VSDs close on their own, failing to do so can result in a number of issues and typically necessitates open heart surgery for closure of the defect. According to various studies, there is reduced functioning of diaphragm post cardiac surgeries which leads to occurrences of pulmonary complications such as lung collapse, fluid accumulation in pleura, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumothorax which can be debilitating and jeopardize recovery as well as increase hospital stay. There are several devices which are proven to improve the strength of inspiratory musculature and hence improve maximal inspiratory pressure and functional capacity post cardiac surgeries. Method: In this study we aimed to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of Powerbreath Medic Plus and Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Trainer (IMT) adjunct to conservative physiotherapy management on subjects who underwent VSD closure in a two arm parallel superiority randomized control trial on improving maximal inspiratory pressure and functional capacity. 60 individuals in total will be allocated equally into two groups, and both groups will be receiving treatment for four weeks with five sessions per week. After four weeks of therapy and two weeks after the intervention is through, the results will be assessed for follow-up. Predicted results: By increasing maximal inspiratory pressure and functional capacity, this technique may be used to treat complications following heart surgery if our study's premise is found to be significant. CTRI registration: CTRI/2023/03/051090
Role of specialized pro-resolving mediators on inflammation, cardiometabolic health, disease progression, and quality of life after omega-3 PUFA supplementation and aerobic exercise training in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized 16-week, placebo-controlled interventional trial *
Authors: Jannas-Vela Sebastián , Candia Alejandro A , Peñailillo Luis , Barrios-Troncoso Paola , Zapata-Urzúa Jeremy , Rey-Puente Joanny , Aukema Harold M , Mutch David M , Valenzuela Rodrigo , Valladares-Ide Denisse 
Published: August 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by autoantibody production and synovial membrane damage. It significantly impairs overall function and quality of life. Consumption of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and regular aerobic exercise (AEx) training are reported to have positive effects on the progression of RA. However, the mechanisms behind these benefits are still inconclusive. This study protocol will investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation and AEx training on disease progression, cardiometabolic health, and quality of life, and their association with the plasma and synovial fluid levels of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in subjects with RA. Methods: The study consists of a 16-week intervention period, during which participants will be randomly assigned in a double-blinded manner to one of four groups: placebo control (PLA), PLA+AEx, n-3, or n-3+AEx. The PLA groups will be given a gelatin-filled capsule, while the n-3 groups will be given n-3 PUFAs equivalent to 2.5 g/d of docosahexaenoic acid and 0.5 g/d of eicosapentaenoic acid. The AEx groups will perform exercise three times per week on a stationary electronically braked cycle ergometer at 60-70% of their VO2peak for 50-60 minutes. Before and after the intervention, participants will undergo RA-specific and functional measurements, peak aerobic capacity test, and a dietary and physical activity assessment. Venous blood and synovial fluid from the knee joint will be collected. Changes in disease progression, cardiometabolic health, and quality of life, as well as erythrocyte membrane composition to assess n-3 incorporation, SPM levels, inflammatory markers, and gene expression from blood and synovial fluid will be analyzed. Conclusions: The study aims to elucidate the SPMs that regulate the inflammatory gene expression pathways and associate them with the improvements in disease progression, cardiometabolic health, and quality of life after n-3 PUFA supplementation and AEx training. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT05945693.
Incentives and disincentives to private sector reporting on family planning in Kenya: why these matter, and how they may change over time
Authors: Appleford Gabrielle , Mumbia Daniel , Emmart Priya 
Published: August 2023

Background: This study sought to understand private sector reporting on family planning in Kenya’s health information system (KHIS). We approached this through three lenses: governance, procedural and technical. Our study looked at these areas of interest in Kenya, complemented by deeper exploration in Nairobi County. Methods: The study used mixed methods drawing on analysis from the KHIS and surveys, complemented by desk review. The qualitative research entailed group discussions with public sector personnel while more in-depth qualitative interviews were done with public and private sector respondents. A framework matrix was developed for the qualitative analysis. The study was approved by the Ministry of Health in March 2022 and conducted over the period March - May 2022. Results: From a governance lens, private sector respondents recognised the importance of registry and reporting as a government policy requirement. From a procedural lens, private sector respondents saw reporting procedures as duplicative and parallel processes as reports are not generated through digitised information systems. From a technical lens, private sector reporting rates have improved over time however other data quality issues remain, which include over- and under-reporting of family planning services into KHIS. Secondary analysis for Nairobi County shows that the private facility contribution to family planning has declined over time while family planning access through pharmacies have grown over the same period; there is no visibility on this shift within the KHIS. Changes in private sector family service provision have implications for assumptions underpinning modern contraceptive modelled estimates and programmatic decision-making. Conclusions: There is limited monitoring of the incentives and disincentives for reporting by private health facilities into the KHIS. These have changed over time and place. Sustained private sector engagement is important to align incentives for reporting as is greater visibility on the role of pharmacies in family planning.
Correlated Cluster-Based Randomized Experiments: Robust Variance Minimization
Authors: Candogan Ozan , Chen Chen , Niazadeh Rad 
Published: August 2023

Experimentation is prevalent in online marketplaces and social networks to assess the effectiveness of new market intervention. To mitigate the interference among users in an experiment, a common practice is to use a cluster-based experiment, where the designer partitions the market into loosely connected clusters and assigns all users in the same cluster to the same variant (treatment or control). Given the experiment, we assume an unbiased Horvitz–Thompson estimator is used to estimate the total market effect of the treatment. We consider the optimization problem of choosing (correlated) randomized assignments of clusters to treatment and control to minimize the worst-case variance of the estimator under a constraint that the marginal assignment probability is [Formula: see text] for all clusters. This problem can be formulated as a linear program where both the number of decision variables and constraints are exponential in the number of clusters—and hence is generally computationally intractable. We develop a family of practical experiments that we refer to as independent block randomization (IBR) experiments. Such an experiment partitions clusters into blocks so that each block contains clusters of similar size. It then treats a fraction q of the clusters in each block (chosen uniformly at random) and does so independently across blocks. The optimal cluster partition can be obtained in a tractable way using dynamic programming. We show that these policies are asymptotically optimal when the number of clusters grows large and no cluster size dominates the rest. In the special case where cluster sizes take values in a finite set and the number of clusters of each size is a fixed proportion of the total number of clusters, the loss is only a constant that is independent of the number of clusters. Beyond the asymptotic regime, we show that the IBR experiment has a good approximation for any problem instance when q is not very tiny. We also examine the performance of the IBR experiments on data-driven numerical examples, including examples based on Airbnb and Facebook data. This paper was accepted by Itai Ashlagi, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: O. Candogan acknowledges NSF [Award 2216912] for “Institute for Data, Econometrics, Algorithms and Learning.” Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02741 .