bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Combination of Visual Features in Vision–Taste Crossmodal Correspondences
Authors: Lee Byron P. , Spence Charles 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There has been a rapid recent growth in academic attempts to summarise, understand, and predict the taste profile matching complex images that incorporate multiple visual design features. While there is now ample research to document the patterns of vision–taste correspondences involving individual visual features (such as colour and shape curvilinearity in isolation), little is known about the taste associations that may be primed when multiple visual features are presented simultaneously. This narrative historical review therefore presents an overview of the research that has examined, or provided insights into, the interaction of graphic elements in taste correspondences involving colour, shape attributes, texture, and other visual features. The empirical evidence is largely in line with the predictions derived from the proposed theories concerning the origins of crossmodal correspondences; the component features of a visual stimulus are observed to contribute substantially to its taste expectations. However, the taste associated with a visual stimulus may sometimes deviate from the taste correspondences primed by its constituent parts. This may occur when a new semantic meaning emerges as multiple features are displayed together. Some visual features may even provide contextual cues for observers, thus altering the gustatory information that they associate with an image. A theoretical framework is constructed to help more intuitively predict and conceptualise the overall influence on taste correspondences when visual features are processed together as a combined image.
The Sound of Persianate Modernity: Gendered Soundscapes in Modern Iran
Authors: Jabbari Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article considers how sound—especially Persian phonology, but also music—and gender came together in articulating an Iranian national identity distinct from the Persianate past. Through analysis of the film The Lor Girl as well as close readings of poetry from the first half of the twentieth century by Nasīm-i Shumāl, Parvīz Khaṭībī, and poet-laureate Muḥammad-Taqī Bahār, the article demonstrates how an erotic attachment to language was fostered, in which the very phonology of Persian became the object of desire. Pharyngeal consonants became markers of Arab male sexual deviancy against which a feminized Iranian nation was to be protected. This eroticized discourse of language also contributed to establishing the Tehrani dialect as the Iranian national standard. The article considers how nationalism and modernity impacted the Iranian soundscape, as well as the impact of developments in Iran on Persian and Urdu in South Asia.
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Risk Factors in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Trembath Hannah E. , Caruso Deanna M. , McLean Sean E. , Akinkuotu Adesola C. , Hayes Dixon Andrea A. , Phillips Michael R. 
Published: August 2023

Background Central venous line (CVL) placement in children is often necessary for treatment and may be complicated by central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). We hypothesize that line type and clinical and demographic factors at line placement impact CLABSI rates. Methods This is a single-institution case-control study of pediatric patients (≤18 years old) admitted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Case patients had a documented CLABSI. Control patients had a CVL placed during the study period and were matched by sex and age in a 2:1 ratio. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results We identified 78 patients with a CLABSI and 140 patients without a CLABSI. After controlling for pertinent covariates, patients undergoing tunneled or non-tunneled CVL had higher odds of CLABSI than those undergoing PICC (OR 2.51, CI 1.12-5.64 and OR 3.88, CI 1.06-14.20 respectively), and patients undergoing port placement had decreased odds of CLABSI compared to PICC (OR .05, CI 0.01-.51). There were lower odds of CLABSI when lines were placed for intravenous medications compared to those placed for solid tumor malignancy (OR .15, CI .03-.79). Race and age were not statistically significant risk factors. Discussion Central lines placed for medication administration compared to solid tumors, PICC compared to tunneled and non-tunneled central lines, and ports compared to PICC were associated with lower odds of CLABSI. Future improvement efforts should focus on PICC and port placement in appropriate patients to decrease CLABSI rates.
Carotid Stiffness After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kavsur Refik , Schaefer Christian , Stumpf Max Jonathan , Weber Marcel , Sugiura Atsushi , Becher Marc Ulrich , Zimmer Sebastian , Nickenig Georg , Schahab Nadjib 
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to analyze common carotid artery strain properties in patients (n = 59) with severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Arterial compliance of the common carotid artery was assessed by ultrasound speckle-tracking before and after TAVR. For sub-analysis the study cohort was divided according to aortic valve area <.75 cm2 (n = 30) vs ≥.75 cm2 (n = 29). Comparison of pre- and post-procedural strain variables showed an improvement in median radial velocity ( P < .0001), radial displacement ( P = .007), circumferential strain ( P = .004), radial strain rate ( P = .023), and circumferential strain rate ( P < .0001), while the increase of radial strain showed a trend ( P = .082). Analysis of aortic valve area revealed an inverse correlation between aortic valve area and the differences (post-procedural—pre-procedural values) for radial strain rate, and circumferential strain. Moreover, sub-analysis revealed that the increase of carotid strain variables before and after TAVR were more pronounced in the sub-group of aortic valve area .75 vs ≥.75 cm2. TAVR led to a reduction of arterial wall stiffness of the common carotid artery assessed by ultrasound speckle-tracking. The decrease of arterial wall stiffness after TAVR was more pronounced in more severe aortic valve stenosis.
The Burden of Acting Human: Rethinking Race, Class, and Gender Experiences in U.S. Independent Schools
Authors: Gonzalez Angel Rubiel 
Published: August 2023

Background/Context: Ongoing tensions surrounding equity and diversity work, particularly around race and gender, in independent schools have led to various responses. Many independent schools have made statements and pledges, and have crafted strategic plans to address systemic racism after receiving internal and external pressure to take action following the murder of George Floyd. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This study examines how young adolescent cisgender Black and Latinx students, specifically cisgender boys at two independent middle schools, navigate the often-contradictory forces of gender, race, and class. Research Design: Drawing on one year of participant observation and 33 semi-structured interviews, I examine how these students contend with the simultaneity of color-blind and race-conscious realities in the United States. Conclusions/Recommendations: This study finds that as teachers, administrators, and boards engage in subsequent equity and diversity efforts, they must pause and reconsider our students’ lived experiences that are part and parcel of ongoing calls for action. Moreover, educators should center the interrogation of what it means to be human in independent schools—in our missions, policies, culture, curriculum, traditions, admissions, and hiring—as one of the most urgent institutional tasks needed to activate the most liberating possibilities of schooling.
Nurses’ Challenges to Developing Interpersonal Relationships During Integrated Care for Complex Patients
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Inayat Shahzad , Dal Molin Alberto , Durante Angela 
Published: August 2023

Background: Individuals with multimorbidity and complexity have multifaceted care needs requiring integrated and collaborative care from nurses, families, and health care teams. Nurses, as the frontline care professionals, should develop therapeutic relationships with patients and their families and professional relationships with health care team members to ensure the delivery of effective integrated care. Failure to develop effective interpersonal and professional relationships can negatively affect patient care. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ challenges with developing interpersonal and professional relationships during integrated care for individuals with multimorbidity and complexity. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was used. We interviewed a purposive sample of 19 nurses with experience of caring for individuals with multimorbidity and complexity across two hospitals in Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Two challenges were identified affecting the relationships between patients’ families and nurses, and two challenges influencing the professional relationships within the team. Families withheld information, controlled care access of their relatives, posed unrealistic demands, and abused nurses, affecting nurse-family relationships. Power struggles to demonstrate authority in decision-making were common within health care teams, affecting nurses’ professional capacity to provide effective care. Conclusions: Health care team, patient, and family collaboration is instrumental in improved care for individuals with multimorbidity and complexity. Nurse leaders and health care organizations should take initiatives to address nurses’ interpersonal confrontations to support them in the provision of quality care.
Impact of semen oxidative stress on sperm quality: initial results from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Dac , Le Minh Tam , Dang Hong Nhan Thi , Van Nguyen Trung , Nguyen Quoc Huy Vu , Cao Thanh Ngoc 
Published: August 2023

Objectives This study aimed to determine the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) measured by the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and the results of semen analysis among men from infertile couples. Methods This cross-sectional study included 166 men from infertile couples, determined according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The general characteristics, semen analysis, sperm chromatin dispersion assay, and ORP of all subjects were evaluated and analyzed statistically. Results Among 166 men from infertile couples, individuals with OS had a significantly higher DNA fragmentation index (DFI) than men without OS (22.37% ± 11.67% vs. 17.98% ± 8.98%). The sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility rate, and normal morphology were negatively correlated, while and an abnormal head and neck–tail were positively correlated with ORP. There was also a positive association between the DFI and OS level. The optimal ORP threshold for determining sperm quality was 0.77 mV/106 sperm/mL (sensitivity, 50.4%; specificity, 93.5%; positive predictive value, 52.9%; negative predictive value, 32.3%). Conclusions Determining the ORP suggests that OS has an adverse effect on the total sperm count, sperm motility, sperm concentration, morphology, vitality, and DNA fragmentation index.
A Technological Approach to Improved Breastfeeding Rates and Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Saucedo Baza Areli , Mignacca Caroline , Delgado Paula E. , Paterniti Thomas A. , Romero de Mello Sa Suellen , Looney Stephen , Zahler-Miller Carolyn 
Published: August 2023

Background: Breastfeeding confers significant maternal and infant benefits; however, breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal in the United States. A parent’s decision to breastfeed is influenced by non-modifiable and modifiable factors, including breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy. There is a positive correlation between high maternal self-efficacy and breastfeeding duration. Parents increasingly rely on technology for health information. Research Aim: To determine if a smartphone application affected maternal self-efficacy and breastfeeding exclusivity rates. Method: This study was a randomized, controlled pilot study examining the effect of an educational program, included in a smartphone application, on breastfeeding self-efficacy (assessed in postpartum Week 1 and Weeks 4–6) and breastfeeding rates (assessed in postpartum Weeks 4–6). Forty participants were recruited using block randomization to intervention (17 of 20 completed the study) and usual care (19 of 20 completed the study) groups. To examine the pre-test/post-test difference in the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form total scores, a change in score (post-intervention minus pre-intervention) was calculated for each parent. Result: The intervention group (phone application and usual care) showed greater change in self-efficacy scores ( M = 7.6, SD = 7.8) compared to the control group (usual care; M = 1.2, SD = 3.7, p = .001). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was nearly twice as high in the intervention group as in the control group, but did not reach statistical significance ( p = .093). Conclusion: The investigators found enhanced breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rates among postpartum women receiving a smartphone educational program in the first 6 weeks postpartum. Further studies on smartphone interventions will develop our understanding of this technology in improving breastfeeding rates.
A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Bexagliflozin for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cowart Kevin , Coon Scott , Carris Nicholas W. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To review the pharmacology of bexagliflozin in addition to its safety and efficacy from available clinical trials used for its approval, as well as available clinical evidence to date. Data Sources: A search of the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ) and PubMed database was performed from inception through June 1, 2023. Study Selection and Data Extraction Quantification: The following study designs were included: meta-analyses, systematic review, clinical trial, or observational study design. Abstracts and drug monographs were also reviewed. Narrative or scoping reviews were excluded. Only articles in the English language and those evaluating the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of bexaglifozin in humans were included. Data Synthesis: Bexagliflozin reduces hemoglobin A1c ~0.5% with similar reductions in systolic blood pressure and body weight to other SGLT2 inhibitors. No cardiovascular outcomes trial is published, nor ongoing at this time. Adverse effects are similar to other SGLT2 inhibitors (genital mycotic and urinary tract infections, increased urination) including a warning for lower extremity amputation similar to canagliflozin. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Drugs: Although no cost-effectiveness data are available, statements from the manufacturer suggest a competitive price point. Given limited trial data, lower cost, if chosen, may create a temporary niche for bexagliflozin pending generic availability of other SGLT2 inhibitors. However, given lack of cardiovascular and renal outcome data, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or canagliflozin may be preferred. Conclusion: Bexagliflozin appears safe and effective as monotherapy and add-on pharmacological therapy for the treatment of T2D.
The Migration Experience: A Conceptual Framework and Systematic Scoping Review of Psychological Acculturation
Authors: Kreienkamp Jannis , Bringmann Laura F. , Engler Raili F. , de Jonge Peter , Epstude Kai 
Published: August 2023

Academic Abstract One of the key challenges to researching psychological acculturation is the immense heterogeneity in theories and measures. These inconsistencies make it difficult to compare past literature, hinder straightforward measurement selections, and stifle theoretical integration. To structure acculturation, we propose to utilize the four basic aspects of human experiences (wanting, feeling, thinking, and doing) as a conceptual framework. We use this framework to build a theory-driven assessment of past theoretical (final N = 92), psychometric (final N = 233), and empirical literature (final N = 530). We find that the framework allows us to examine and compare past conceptualizations. For example, empirical works have understudied the more internal aspects of acculturation (i.e., motivations and feelings) compared with theoretical works. We, then, discuss the framework’s novel insights including its temporal resolution, its comprehensive and cross-cultural structure, and how the framework can aid transparent and functional theories, studies, and interventions going forward. Public Abstract This systematic scoping review indicates that the concept of psychological acculturation can be structured in terms of affect (e.g., feeling at home), behavior (e.g., language use), cognition (e.g., ethnic identification), and desire (e.g., independence wish). We find that the framework is useful in structuring past research and helps with new predictions and interventions. We, for example, find a crucial disconnect between theory and practice, which will need to be resolved in the future.
High CD4+:CD8+ ratios with herpes zoster infections in patients with multiple sclerosis on dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Balshi Alexandra , Saart Emma , Pandeya Sarbesh , Dempsey John , Baber Ursela , Sloane Jacob A 
Published: August 2023

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) depletes CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and cases of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on DMF have been documented. Objectives: To evaluate lymphocyte subsets in patients with MS who developed HZ on DMF (Tecfidera) compared to matched controls who did not develop HZ. Methods: We used linear mixed-effects models to test for differences in white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, CD3+ percentage, absolute CD3+ count, CD4+ percentage, absolute CD4+ count, CD8+ percentage, absolute CD8+ count, and CD4+:CD8+ ratio over time in HZ and non-HZ groups. Results: Eighteen patients developed HZ while on DMF. The linear mixed-effects model for CD4+:CD8+ ratio showed a significant difference between the HZ and non-HZ groups ( p = 0.033). CD4+:CD8+ ratio decreased over time in the HZ group and increased over time in the non-HZ group. Conclusion: Patients with MS who develop HZ while on DMF have high CD4+:CD8+ ratios, suggesting an imbalance of CD4+ and CD8+ cells that may put a patient at risk for developing HZ while on DMF. This result emphasizes the need for lymphocyte subset monitoring (including CD4+:CD8+ ratios) on DMF, as well as vaccination prior to DMF initiation.
Native languages and aspect-marking in New Englishes: The (im)perfective in Namibian English
Authors: Stell Gerald 
Published: August 2023

Aims and objectives/purposes/research questions: This study investigates how the perfective/imperfective distinction is encoded across various ethnic varieties of Namibian English, with a specific focus on progressive -ing, simple verbal forms, and used to. Design/methodology/approach: The sample involves 158 Coloured and White Afrikaans-speaking informants, Damaras (L1: Khoekhoegowab), Hereros (L1: Otjiherero), Ovambos (L1: Oshiwambo). The sample thus includes Bantu, Khoesan, and West Germanic languages. The informants were administered an L1- into-English translation task. Data and analysis: The analysis follows two steps. First, the study looks at the distribution of English verbal forms across tenses, event classes, and English verb types. Second, the study looks at the distribution of English verbal forms across aspectual indicators in the informants’ respective native languages. Findings/conclusions: Regardless of event classes and verb types, Khoekhoegowab-speakers are the most frequent users of -ing while Afrikaans-speakers are the most frequent users of simple verbal forms. A close look at how English verbal forms are distributed across L1 aspectual indicators possibly reveals hypercorrect L1-pattern avoidance, spearheaded by women. Along with L1-pattern avoidance, one finds overreliance on positively transferable L1-patterns, manifest in the use of used to by Bantu-speakers, who grammatically mark the habitual in their L1s. Finally, one finds instances of English output features that cannot be triggered by L1-patterns. This concerns primarily -ing and used to among Afrikaans-speakers and used to among the Damaras. Originality: Unlike most research on aspect in postcolonial English varieties, this study systematically tracks transfers to their linguistic origin. Significance/implications: The paper argues that transfers (or their absence) are often better accounted for from the perspective of inter-group relations than as mere ‘interferences’.
Rural–urban and geographical differences in prognosis of atrial fibrillation in Finland: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Teppo Konsta , Airaksinen K.E. Juhani , Halminen Olli , Jaakkola Jussi , Linna Miika , Haukka Jari , Putaala Jukka , Mustonen Pirjo , Kinnunen Janne , Hartikainen Juha , Lehto Mika 
Published: August 2023

Aims: Rural–urban disparities have been reported in the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. We assessed whether rural–urban or other geographical disparities exist in the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Finland. Methods: The registry-based FinACAF cohort study covers all patients with AF from all levels of care in Finland from 2007 to 2018. Patients were divided into rural–urban categories and into hospital districts (HDs) based on their municipality of residence. Results: We identified 222,051 patients (50.1% female; mean age 72.8 years; mean follow-up 3.9 years) with new-onset AF, of whom 15,567 (7.0%) patients suffered IS and 72,565 (32.7%) died during follow-up. The crude IS rate was similar between rural and urban areas, whereas the mortality rate was lower in urban areas (incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.97 (0.93–1.00) and 0.92 (0.91–0.93), respectively). However, after adjustments, urban residence was associated with slightly higher IS and mortality rates (IRRs with 95% CIs 1.05 (1.01–1.08) and 1.06 (1.04–1.07), respectively). The highest crude IS rate was in the East Savo HD and the lowest in Åland, whereas the highest crude mortality rate was in the Länsi-Pohja HD and the lowest in the North Ostrobothnia HD (IRRs with 95% CIs compared to Helsinki and Uusimaa HD for IS 1.46 (1.28–1.67) and 0.79 (0.62–1.01), and mortality 1.24 (1.16–1.32) and 0.97 (0.93–1.00), respectively. Conclusions: Rural–urban differences in prognosis of AF in Finland appear minimal, whereas considerable disparities exist between HDs.