bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes and variability in rainfall onset, cessation, and length of rainy season in the IGAD region of Eastern Africa
Authors: Omay Paulino Omoj , Muthama Nzioka J. , Oludhe Christopher , Kinama Josiah M. , Artan Guleid , Atheru Zachary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRainfall onset dates (ROD), rainfall cessation dates (RCD) and length of rainy season (LRS) are crucial for crop production and food security in Eastern Africa yet scantily documented. This paper seeks to investigate the spatial patterns of these parameters. Data used are Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS v2.0) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) gridded temperature. Threshold of 1 mm for rainy day, 20 mm over 5 days with at least 3 rain days and dry spell not exceeding 7 days in the next 21 days were used to determine RODs. The Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) and Water Balance (WB) criteria were computed to determine RCDs. The differences between ROD and RCD were used in calculating LRS. The results showed early rainfall cessation over more than 30 counties in Kenya lead to shortened rainy season by 10–20 days during MAM season. Similarly, 20–40 days early onset dates are observed in most counties in upper Nile, Unity, and Jonglei states in South Sudan, while 20–40 days delayed rainfall onset was observed in Khartoum and southern parts of Nile state western Darfur, eastern and Aljazeera states in Sudan, most parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea districts during JJA season. Highlands of western and Nyanza region in Kenya, most parts of Uganda observed rainfall onset by March and no sign of cessation before November. Early cessation over northern Uganda districts was behind shortened LRS, furthermore, the early RODs over western and southwestern Uganda districts increased LRS. Prolonged dry conditions over northern Sudan, southeastern parts of South Sudan, northern Kenya, central Somalia, northern Darfour, Kordofan and northern parts of Sudan exacerbated by significant delayed onset and early cessation of rainfall. These findings are important for rain-fed agricultural planning and food security in the IGAD region of Eastern Africa.
How Sociotechnical Realignment and Sentiments Concerning Remote Work are Related – Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kohn Vanessa , Frank Muriel , Holten Roland 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic forced sociotechnical systems (STS) to highly integrate remote work. Large-scale analyses show that the positivity of tweets about work from home decreased until COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO and re-increased in the weeks that followed. Nevertheless, it is unclear if this reaction is due to personal and organizational developments or if it mirrors the realignment of entire STS. The present study uses Q methodology to identify differences in how STS realign to the externally enforced integration of remote work. Only STS that reach a state of high alignment to remote work conditions by successfully shifting communication and procedures to digital spheres can be considered resilient. The results show that employees describe their personal experiences with remote work as more positive the higher their level of sociotechnical realignment. Furthermore, personal digital resilience is correlated to successful STS realignment as well. The results confirm the importance of realigning not only the technical and social components of STS but above all their sociotechnical interaction. Negative sentiments relate in particular to the low realization of humanistic objectives in STS.
Current Updates in Rectal Infusion of Fluids and Medications
Authors: Macy Bradford , Paxton James H. , Lam Y. W. Francis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rectal infusion is a feasible alternative for the immediate administration of medication and fluids when intravenous access is delayed, contraindicated, or unnecessary. Advances in medical device technology have made rectal infusion more practical and easier for medical care providers, and more comfortable for patients. This paper briefly reviews the history of therapeutic rectal infusion, including recent improvements in technology and the existing evidence for the use of this technique.

Recent Findings
While ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous (PIV) access techniques and other alternatives to landmark-based PIV catheter insertion have recently improved the ability of providers to overcome challenges related to difficult vascular access (DVA), these challenges are increasingly affecting patient outcomes, emergency department throughput, and the cost of medical care. In recent years, waves of parenteral drug, fluid, and supply shortages have affected hospitals. Concurrently, advances in rectal infusion technology have made rectal infusion easier, more comfortable, and more cost-effective than many parenteral options.

Summary
The infusion of resuscitative fluids and medications via the rectal route has previously fallen out of favor due to concurrent improvements in IV access devices. However, this technique demonstrates the potential for a reemergence considering the current challenges facing healthcare providers and systems. Improvements in rectal infusion devices, coupled with an aging population, increased incidence of DVA, shortages in parenteral drugs, fluids, supplies and skilled staff, and the need for care improvements in the post-acute setting have contributed to a greater need for easy, safe and effective alternatives to IV infusion.
What Is the Current Status of Global Health Training for US Postgraduate Trainees in Anesthesiology? What Are Possible Visions for the Future?
Authors: Sanghvi Reema I. , Songolo Tosha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
There is a great deal of interest in global health at all levels of educational attainment. Many residency programs wish to offer a global health opportunity (GHO) but lack the resources to create one de novo. This review will look at the prevalence of global health education in residency and consider the fellowships available. It will summarize the existing recommendations about a curriculum in global health and how best to prepare trainees for a GHO.

Recent Findings
While approximately 45% of residency programs make GHOs available to their residents, there is a lack of standardization of curriculum. Logistical and ethical challenges, funding, and the lack of international partners are all barriers to offering a GHO. Residents and fellows can benefit from a GHO as it helps achieve their ACGME core competencies, among other benefits.

Summary
We make the recommendation for more robust training and education with the investment of fewer resources by aligning with existing global health participation opportunities. We also recommend the use of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) which provided curriculum for creating a context in global health for trainees regardless of discipline.
An MRI image automatic diagnosis model for lumbar disc herniation using semi-supervised learning
Authors: Hou Chao , Li Xiaogang , Wang Hongbo , Zhang Weiqi , Liu Fei , Liu Defeng , Pan Yuzhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLumbar disc herniation is a common disease that causes low back pain. Due to the high cost of medical diagnosis, as well as a shortage and uneven distribution of medical resources, a system that can automatically analyze and diagnose lumbar spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is becoming an urgent need. This study uses deep learning methods to establish a classifier to diagnose lumbar disc herniation. An MRI classification dataset of lumbar disc herniation consisting of public MRI images is presented and is used to train the proposed classifier. Because a common difficulty in applying computer vision technology to medical images is labeling training data, we use a semi-supervised model training method, while multilayer transverse axial MRI images are used as the model input. In this method, we first use unlabelled MRI images for random self-supervised pre-training and the pre-trained model as a feature extractor for MRI images. Then, all marked cross-sections of each intervertebral disc are used to calculate the feature vector through the feature extractor. The information of all feature vectors is integrated, while a multilayer perceptron is used for classification training. After training, the model achieved 87.11$$\%$$
%
accuracy, 87.50$$\%$$
%
sensitivity, 86.72$$\%$$
%
specificity and 0.9487 AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve) index on the test set. To analyze the rationality of the diagnostic results more quickly, we output the severity of degenerative changes in each region using a heatmap.
A fuzzy rough copula Bayesian network model for solving complex hospital service quality assessment
Authors: Li He , Yazdi Mohammad , Huang Hong-Zhong , Huang Cheng-Geng , Peng Weiwen , Nedjati Arman , Adesina Kehinde A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHealthcare tends to be one of the most complicated sectors, and hospitals exist at the core of healthcare activities. One of the most significant elements in hospitals is service quality level. Moreover, the dependency between factors, dynamic features, as well as objective and subjective uncertainties involved endure challenges to modern decision-making problems. Thus, in this paper, a decision-making approach is developed for hospital service quality assessment, using a Bayesian copula network based on a fuzzy rough set within neighborhood operators as a basis of that to deal with dynamic features as well as objective uncertainties. In the copula Bayesian network model, the Bayesian Network is utilized to illustrate the interrelationships between different factors graphically, while Copula is engaged in obtaining the joint probability distribution. Fuzzy rough set theory within neighborhood operators is employed for the subjective treatment of evidence from decision makers. The efficiency and practicality of the designed method are validated by an analysis of real hospital service quality in Iran. A novel framework for ranking a group of alternatives with consideration of different criteria is proposed by the combination of the Copula Bayesian Network and the extended fuzzy rough set technique. The subjective uncertainty of decision makers’ opinions is dealt with in a novel extension of fuzzy Rough set theory. The results highlighted that the proposed method has merits in reducing uncertainty and assessing the dependency between factors of complicated decision-making problems.
Experimental Study of the Combined Effects of Al2O3, CaO and MgO on Gas/Slag/Matte/Spinel Equilibria in the Cu–Fe–O–S–Si–Al–Ca–Mg System at 1473 K (1200ºC) and p(SO2) = 0.25 atm
Authors: Sineva Svetlana , Shishin Denis , Shevchenko Maksym , Hayes Peter C. , Jak Evgueni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe combined effects of Al2O3, CaO and MgO slagging components on phase equilibria and thermodynamics in the basic Cu–Fe–O–S–Si system have been evaluated at 1473 K (1200 ºC) and p(SO2) = 0.25 atm for a range of oxygen partial pressures and matte compositions. The experimental technique included high-temperature equilibration of the samples on a spinel substrate under controlled gas atmosphere (CO/CO2/SO2/Ar), followed by rapid quenching and subsequent measurement of the equilibrium phase compositions using Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA). The experimental data have been compared with the results of thermodynamic calculations undertaken using FactSage software and an internal thermodynamic database. Both the experimental results and the calculations results revealed that the presence of Al2O3, CaO and MgO reduced both the sulphur and copper concentrations in the slag phase for a given set of process conditions. The data have been used for further optimisation of the parameters of the thermodynamic database describing multicomponent metallurgical systems. The resulting thermodynamic database is capable of predicting, with high accuracy, the phase equilibria and the distribution of all elements between the phases in the Cu–Fe–O–S–Si–(Al, Ca, Mg) system.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of Co-applying Different Nitrogen Fertilizers with Bone Char on Enhancing Phosphorus Release in Calcium Carbonate-Rich Soil: an Incubation Study
Authors: Amin Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe vision of this study is to find a way for increasing phosphorus release from bone char. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of co-applying different nitrogen fertilizer types with bone char (BC) on the availability and distribution of phosphorus in calcium carbonate-rich soil. The experiment contains the following treatments: soil without any nitrogen fertilizer (BC only), soil + ammonium sulfate (BC + AS), soil + ammonium nitrate (BC + AN), and soil + urea (BC + U). Bone char was added to all treatments at a dose of 4 g kg−1 soil. Co-applying bone char with all nitrogen fertilizers caused a significant decrease in pH and increased significantly phosphorus availability in the soil. The concentrations of soil available phosphorus increased from 8.05 mg kg−1 soil for BC treatment to 8.99, 8.90, and 10.16 mg kg−1 soil for BC + AS, BC + AN, and BC + U treatments, respectively, at the end of incubation. Significant increases in soil available phosphorus were observed with increasing incubation periods in all treatments. The effectiveness of the treatments on the soil available phosphorus increase was in the order of BC + U > BC + AS > BC + AN > BC. Nitrogen fertilization treatments significantly increased the NaHCO3-Pi concentrations compared to the BC treatment. Urea application to the soil increased significantly the NaOH-Pi fraction compared to other treatments at day 10 of incubation. Changes in HCl-Pi and Res-P fractions were non-significant in all treatments under nitrogen fertilization. According to the findings, co-applying bone char with nitrogen fertilizers is an agronomic practice that improves phosphorus availability in calcium carbonate-rich soil, thence it is preferable to add urea rather than other nitrogen fertilizers. This study explores a sustainable management strategy to find cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to phosphate fertilizers.
Luck and Reasons
Authors: Paulson Spencer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I will present a problem for reductive accounts of knowledge-undermining epistemic luck. By “reductive” I mean accounts that try to analyze epistemic luck in non-epistemic terms. I will begin by briefly considering Jennifer Lackey's (2006) criticism of Duncan Pritchard's (2005) safety-based account of epistemic luck. I will further develop her objection to Pritchard by drawing on the defeasible-reasoning tradition. I will then show that her objection to safety-based accounts is an instance of a more general problem with reductive accounts of epistemic luck. In short, they face a dilemma: they can either fail to vindicate the intuitive verdicts about cases or they can illicitly appeal to the epistemic vocabulary they are trying to reduce. The upshot is that we can only understand epistemic luck in terms of the assessment of the subject's reasons and we can't give a reductive account of that.
Trading species to extinction: evidence of extinction linked to the wildlife trade
Authors: Hinsley Amy , Willis Jasmin , Dent Abigail R. , Oyanedel Rodrigo , Kubo Takahiro , Challender Daniel W. S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The link between unsustainable harvest of species for the wildlife trade and extinction is clear in some cases, but little is known about the number of species across taxonomic groups that have gone extinct because of trade-related factors, or future risks for traded species. We conducted a rapid review of published articles and species assessments on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the aim of recording examples of extinctions that were attributed to trade. We found reports of extinctions linked, at least in part, to wildlife trade for 511 unique taxa. These include 294 reports of global extinctions, 25 extinctions in the wild, and 192 local extinctions. The majority of global/in the wild extinctions linked to trade (230) involved ray-finned fishes, primarily due to predation by introduced commercial species. Seventy-one of the 175 reported local extinctions of animal taxa linked to trade were mammals. Twenty-two global/in the wild extinctions and 16 local extinctions of plants were reportedly linked to trade. One fungal species was reported locally extinct due to over-harvesting for trade. Furthermore, 340 species were reported to be near-extinct linked to trade, 269 of which were animals, including several high-profile megafauna. Extinctions were linked to direct harvesting and/or indirect threats such as bycatch or invasive species introduced for trade, but often it was not possible to determine the relative role of trade-related threats in extinctions. Our results highlight the need for better data collection on trade-related extinction risk to understand its impacts and to inform more effective wildlife trade policy.
Toward a green income support policy: investigating social and fiscal alternatives for Turkey
Authors: Dogan Berna , Tekgüç Hasan , Yeldan Alp Erinç 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe limited success of employment-based social protection measures under the diverging patterns of post-COVID-19 recovery rekindled interest in a social policy framework known as the Basic Income (BI) support. We test the potential of the BI program using five alternative scenarios ranging from households with income less than half of median income to all adults with estimates of their respective fiscal costs. We then employ an applied general equilibrium model to analyze the economy-wide effects and welfare implications for Turkey in the long run through 2030. We evaluate the macroeconomic and welfare effects of both a business-as-usual fiscal program and an alternative (green BI scenario) comprising of (i) carbon tax levied on the fossil fuel producing industry; (ii) corporate income taxation policy reform that aims at expanding the revenue base and consolidation of the fiscal space of the government; and (iii) restructuring of public consumption expenditures by introducing rationality and efficiency in the structure of fiscal expenditures. Our model solutions reveal that a green BI scenario not only achieves a higher GDP and welfare in the medium to long run but also helps Turkey to reduce its carbon emissions in line with the global policy challenges of a green recovery.
Successful treatment of the focal ectopic atrial tachycardia in an infant with a single dose of ivabradin
Authors: Gul Oguzhan , Kafali Hasan Candas , Ergul Yakup 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report on a 12-month-old boy with an ectopic atrial tachycardia successfully treated with the ivabradine that acts on cardiac pacemaker cells by selectively inhibiting the If channel. The patient was diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia in another centre, and multi-drug therapy was unsuccessful to restore sinus ryhthm, so he was sent to our hospital for catheter ablation. We stopped the medications the patient was taking and started using ivabradine. Sinus rhythm was restored 2 hours after ivabradine treatment was started.
Lurasidone and risk of metabolic syndrome: results from short and long-term studies in patients with bipolar depression
Authors: Tocco Michael , Newcomer John W. , Mao Yongcai , Pikalov Andrei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe elevated prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with depression has been associated with increased mortality. This post hoc analysis assessed the effect of treatment with lurasidone on risk of MetS in patients with bipolar depression.MethodsData used in the current analyses consisted of 3 double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled, 6-week studies in adults with bipolar I depression (N = 1192), consisting of 1 monotherapy, and 2 adjunctive trials (lithium or valproate). Also analyzed was a 6-month open-label (OL) extension study (monotherapy, N = 316; adjunctive therapy, N = 497); and a 5-month, OL, stabilization phase followed by randomization to a 28-week DB, placebo-controlled, adjunctive therapy study with lurasidone (N = 490). MetS was defined based on NCEP ATP III criteria (2005 revision).ResultsThe proportion of patients with new-onset MetS was similar for lurasidone vs placebo in the short-term studies (monotherapy, 13.9% vs 15.3%; adjunctive therapy, 13.6% vs 11.0%); and remained stable during both the 6-month extension phase study (monotherapy, 15.2%; adjunctive therapy, 16.9%), and the 5-month stabilization study (adjunctive therapy, 12.2%). After 28 weeks of DB treatment (following 5-month treatment in the stabilization study), new onset MetS was observed at endpoint (OC) in 26.2% of the lurasidone group, and 30.8% of the placebo group.ConclusionsThis post hoc analysis found that both short and long-term treatment with lurasidone was associated with a relatively low risk for the development of MetS in patients with bipolar I disorder. These findings are consistent with similar analyses in patients with schizophrenia.
Changes in Land Cover and Management Affect Heat Stress and Labor Capacity
Authors: Orlov Anton , De Hertog Steven , Havermann Felix , Guo Suqi , Luo Fei , Manola Iris , Thiery Wim , Lejeune Quentin , Pongratz Julia , Humpenöder Florian , Windisch Michael , Nath Shruti , Popp Alexander , Schleussner Carl‐Friedrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal warming is expected to exacerbate heat stress. Additionally, biogeophysical effects of land cover and land management changes (LCLMC) could substantially alter temperature and relative humidity locally and non‐locally. Thereby, LCLMC could affect the occupational capacity to safely perform physical work under hot environments (labor capacity). However, these effects have never been quantified globally using a multi‐model setup. Building on results from stylized sensitivity experiments of (a) cropland expansion, (b) irrigation expansion, and (c) afforestation conducted by three fully coupled Earth System Models (ESMs), we assess the local as well as non‐local effects on heat stress and labor capacity. We found that LCLMC leads to substantial changes in temperature; however, the concomitant changes in humidity could largely diminish the combined impact on moist heat. Moreover, cropland expansion and afforestation cause inconsistent responses of day‐ and night‐time temperature, which has strong implications for labor capacity. Across the ESMs, the results are mixed in terms of sign and magnitude. Overall, LCLMC result in non‐negligible impacts on heat stress and labor capacity in low‐latitude regions during the warmest seasons. In some locations, the changes of monthly average labor capacity, which are induced by the local effects of individual LCLMC options, could reach −14 and +15 percentage points. Thus, LCLMC‐induced impacts on heat stress and their consequences for adaptation should be accounted for when designing LCLMC‐related policies to ensure sustainable development.