bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing EEG studies: How to prepare and what to do once data collection has begun
Authors: Boudewyn Megan A. , Erickson Molly A. , Winsler Kurt , Ragland John Daniel , Yonelinas Andrew , Frank Michael , Silverstein Steven M. , Gold Jim , MacDonald Angus W. , Carter Cameron S. , Barch Deanna M. , Luck Steven J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we provide guidance for the organization and implementation of EEG studies. This work was inspired by our experience conducting a large‐scale, multi‐site study, but many elements could be applied to any EEG project. Section 1 focuses on study activities that take place before data collection begins. Topics covered include: establishing and training study teams, considerations for task design and piloting, setting up equipment and software, development of formal protocol documents, and planning communication strategy with all study team members. Section 2 focuses on what to do once data collection has already begun. Topics covered include: (1) how to effectively monitor and maintain EEG data quality, (2) how to ensure consistent implementation of experimental protocols, and (3) how to develop rigorous preprocessing procedures that are feasible for use in a large‐scale study. Links to resources are also provided, including sample protocols, sample equipment and software tracking forms, sample code, and tutorial videos (to access resources, please visit: https://osf.io/wdrj3/).
Phosphocreatine addition to extender enhances the quality and antioxidant capacity of cryopreserved boar sperm
Authors: Wang Hechuan , Guo Minghui , Li Tianfeng , Zhang Han , Wang Qian , Zhang Qun , Song Yulun , Feng Heze , Li Yanbing , Wei Guosheng , Li Jingchun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBoar sperm are less resistant to drastic changes in the external environment during cryopreservation, mainly because their plasma membranes are rich in unsaturated fatty acids but lack cholesterol and are thus susceptible to lipid peroxidation caused by the attack of reactive oxygen species. This study evaluated the effect of adding phosphocreatine to cryopreservation extenders on boar sperm quality and antioxidant capacity. Different concentrations (0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mmol/L) of phosphocreatine were added to the cryopreservation extender. After thawing, sperm were analysed for morphological parameters, kinetic parameters, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, DNA integrity and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results showed that 10.0 mmol/L phosphocreatine samples enhanced the boar sperm motility, viability, average path velocity, straight‐line velocity, curvilinear velocity and beat cross frequency after cryopreservation and reduced the malformation rate compared to the control group (p < .05). The acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and DNA integrity of boar sperm were higher than those of the control group after adding 10.0 mmol/L phosphocreatine to the cryopreservation extender (p < .05). Extenders containing 10.0 mmol/L phosphocreatine maintained high total antioxidant capacity; elevated the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; reduced malondialdehyde and H2O2 content (p < .05). Therefore, adding phosphocreatine to the extender is potentially beneficial for boar sperm cryopreservation at an optimal 10.0 mmol/L concentration.
Ηeparan sulphate in infectious and non‐infectious exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Papakonstantinou Eleni , Christopoulou Maria‐Elpida , Karakioulaki Meropi , Grize Leticia , Tamm Michael , Stolz Daiana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are associated with worsening health outcomes and effective treatment of each episode is essential. In this study, we aimed to investigate if plasma levels of heparan sulphate (HS) are associated with the aetiology of AECOPD.MethodsCOPD patients (N = 1189), GOLD grade II–IV, from a discovery cohort (N = 638) and from a validation cohort (N = 551), were included in the study. HS and heparanase (HSPE‐1) were measured longitudinally in plasma at stable state, at AECOPD and at 4 weeks follow‐up.ResultsPlasma HS was higher in patients with COPD as compared with non‐COPD controls and was significantly increased at AECOPD as compared to stable state (p < 0.001) in the discovery and in the validation cohorts. Four distinct exacerbation groups were classified based on aetiology (no‐infection/bacterial‐infection/viral‐infection/bacterial and viral coinfection) in the validation cohort. The fold‐increase of HS from stable state to AECOPD was associated with the aetiology of exacerbation and was higher in cases with bacterial and viral coinfections. HSPE‐1 was also significantly increased at AECOPD, however, there was no association of HSPE‐1 levels with the aetiology of these events. The probability of having an infection at AECOPD was raised as HS levels increased from stable state to AECOPD. This probability was higher for bacterial infections than viral infections.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that circulating levels of HS are increased at AECOPD and this increase may be associated with the aetiology of these events.
Cash transfers after electoral violence: A case study of citizen‐state relations in Nakuru, Kenya
Authors: Porisky Alesha , Odoo Juma Tyson 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the impacts of three cash transfer programs, one for orphans and vulnerable children (CT‐OVC), one for older persons (OPCT) and a universal social pension (Inua Jamii Senior Citizens' Scheme), for citizen‐state relations in areas of Kenya that experienced high levels of electoral violence in 2007. Drawing on 40 interviews with civil servants and community leaders and 16 focus group discussions with both beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries of the cash transfer programs conducted across two sub‐counties in Nakuru, this paper argues that the central state, in the wake of post‐electoral violence, effectively mobilised state power to make and enforce geographic targeting decisions down to the village level in an effort to mitigate ethnic tensions and strengthen citizen‐state relations. The paper further argues that the success of such localised distribution in strengthening citizen‐state relations has been limited due to incomplete program coverage, limited information about targeting procedures, and citizens' prior experiences with the state which collectively undermine citizens' perceptions of inclusion and exclusion at the local level. These findings are brought into conversation with other research on cash transfers and citizenship across Kenya to parse out the ways in which the impacts of cash transfer programs for citizen‐state relations are mediated by state infrastructural power, citizens' prior experiences with the state, and key aspects of program design. The paper also examines the implications of these findings for other countries across Africa that have experienced generalised electoral violence.
A single‐center review of pre‐exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab–cilgavimab in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Morado Faiza , Davoudi Roland , Kawewat‐Ho Pnada , Nanda Neha , Cartus Rachel , Shaikh Suhail A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to negatively impact solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr). Data on the use of tixagevimab–cilgavimab (tix‐cil) in vaccinated SOTr during circulation of Omicron and its subvariants are limited. Therefore, this single‐center review was conducted to evaluate tix‐cil efficacy in multiple organ transplant groups during a study period where Omicron B.1.1.529, BA.2.12.1, and BA.5 predominated.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective study, we evaluated the incidence of COVID‐19 infection in adult SOTr who did or did not receive pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tix‐cil. SOTr were included if they were at least 18 years of age and met emergency use authorization criteria for tix‐cil use. The primary outcome analyzed was the incidence of COVID‐19 infection.ResultsNinety SOTr met inclusion criteria and comprised of two groups, tix‐cil PrEP (n = 45) and no tix‐cil PrEP (n = 45). Of SOTr who received tix‐cil PrEP, three (6.7%) developed COVID‐19 infection, compared to eight (17.8%) in the no tix‐cil PrEP group (p = .20). Of the 11 SOTr diagnosed with COVID‐19, 15 (82.2%) were fully vaccinated against COVID‐19 prior to transplantation. Moreover, 18.2% and 81.8% of the COVID‐19 cases observed were asymptomatic and mild‐to‐moderate, respectively.DiscussionOur study results, which included months when BA.5 was in increased circulation, suggest no significant difference in COVID‐19 infection with or without use of tix‐cil PrEP in our solid organ transplant groups. As the COVID‐19 pandemic continues to evolve, clinical utility of tix‐cil should be evaluated against new, emerging strains.
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Paradox of Optimal Learning: An Info-Gap Perspective
Authors: Ben-Haim Yakov , Cogan Scott 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Engineering design and technological risk assessment both entail learning or discovering new knowledge. Optimal learning is a procedure whereby new knowledge is obtained while minimizing some specific measure of effort (e.g., time or money expended). A paradox is a statement that appears self-contradictory, contrary to common sense, or simply wrong, and yet might be true. The paradox of optimal learning is the assertion that a learning procedure cannot be optimized a priori—when designing the procedure—if the procedure depends on knowledge that the learning itself is intended to obtain. This is called a reflexive learning procedure. Many learning procedures can be optimized a priori. However, a priori optimization of a reflexive learning procedure is (usually) not possible. Most (but not all) reflexive learning procedures cannot be optimized without repeatedly implementing the procedure which may be very expensive. We discuss the prevalence of reflexive learning and present examples of the paradox. We also characterize those situations in which a reflexive learning procedure can be optimized. We discuss a response to the paradox (when it holds) based on the concept of robustness to uncertainty as developed in info-gap decision theory. We explain that maximizing the robustness is complementary to—but distinct from—minimizing a measure of effort of the learning procedure.
Point-of-care ultrasound to assess degree of dehydration in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Kołodziej Maciej , Jalali Anita , Łukasik Jan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThere is no perfect method to assess level of dehydration in children. There are studies with conflicting results, where point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) measurement of diameter ratio of the inferior vena cava to the aorta (IVC/Ao) was used to predict degree of dehydration.ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS measurement of IVC/Ao ratio in predicting dehydration in children.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of IVC/Ao ratio. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Quality analysis was conducted using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.ResultsEleven studies (2679 patients) were included. The most numerous group (five studies) used percentage weight change as a reference standard; the pooled sensitivity, specificity of POCUS in this group were: 0.7 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.73), I2: 82%; 0.53 (95% CI: 0.5 to 0.53), I2: 84%. In the remaining studies, different comparator tests were used: Clinical Dehydration Scale (two studies, 0.8 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.86), I2: 0%; 0.56 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.65), I2: 0%; clinical judgement (three studies, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.83), I2: 95%; 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77 to 0.86), I2: 93% and one study used the Dehydration: Assessing Kids Accurately score model.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis showed that POCUS has a moderate sensitivity and specificity for identifying dehydration in children. Its use as a complementary diagnostic tool could be promising but needs to be validated in randomised controlled trials.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022346166.
Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia in neonatal encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Puzone Simona , Diplomatico Mario , Caredda Elisabetta , Maietta Anna , Miraglia Del Giudice Emanuele , Montaldo Paolo 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAlthough hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia represent the most common metabolic problem in neonates, there is still uncertainty regarding the effects of glucose homoeostasis on the neurological outcomes of infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE).ObjectiveTo systematically investigate the association between neonatal hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia with adverse outcome in children who suffered from NE.Study selectionWe searched Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science databases to identify studies which reported prespecified outcomes and compared infants with NE who had been exposed to neonatal hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia with infants not exposed.Data analysisWe assessed the risk of bias (ROBINS-I), quality of evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)) for each of the studies. RevMan was used for meta-analysis (inverse variance, fixed effects).Main outcomeDeath or neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or later.Results82 studies were screened, 28 reviewed in full and 12 included. Children who were exposed to neonatal hypoglycaemia had higher odds of neurodevelopmental impairment or death (6 studies, 685 infants; 40.6% vs 25.4%; OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.25; p=0.0001). Neonatal exposure to hyperglycaemia was associated with death or neurodisability at 18 months or later (7 studies, 807 infants; 46.1% vs 28.0%; OR=3.07, 95% CI 2.17 to 4.35; p<0.00001). These findings were confirmed in the subgroup analysis, which included only the infants who underwent therapeutic hypothermia.ConclusionsThese data suggest that neonatal hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia may be associated with the neurodevelopmental outcome later on in infants with NE. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to optimise the metabolic management of these high-risk infants.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022368870.
Assessing violence risk in first-episode psychosis: external validation, updating and net benefit of a prediction tool (OxMIV)
Authors: Whiting Daniel , Mallett Sue , Lennox Belinda , Fazel Seena 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundViolence perpetration is a key outcome to prevent for an important subgroup of individuals presenting to mental health services, including early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services. Needs and risks are typically assessed without structured methods, which could facilitate consistency and accuracy. Prediction tools, such as OxMIV (Oxford Mental Illness and Violence tool), could provide a structured risk stratification approach, but require external validation in clinical settings.ObjectivesWe aimed to validate and update OxMIV in first-episode psychosis and consider its benefit as a complement to clinical assessment.MethodsA retrospective cohort of individuals assessed in two UK EIP services was included. Electronic health records were used to extract predictors and risk judgements made by assessing clinicians. Outcome data involved police and healthcare records for violence perpetration in the 12 months post-assessment.FindingsOf 1145 individuals presenting to EIP services, 131 (11%) perpetrated violence during the 12 month follow-up. OxMIV showed good discrimination (area under the curve 0.75, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.80). Calibration-in-the-large was also good after updating the model constant. Using a 10% cut-off, sensitivity was 71% (95% CI 63% to 80%), specificity 66% (63% to 69%), positive predictive value 22% (19% to 24%) and negative predictive value 95% (93% to 96%). In contrast, clinical judgement sensitivity was 40% and specificity 89%. Decision curve analysis showed net benefit of OxMIV over comparison approaches.ConclusionsOxMIV performed well in this real-world validation, with improved sensitivity compared with unstructured assessments.Clinical implicationsStructured tools to assess violence risk, such as OxMIV, have potential in first-episode psychosis to support a stratified approach to allocating non-harmful interventions to individuals who may benefit from the largest absolute risk reduction.
Exploring the association between attitudes towards wife beating and intimate partner violence using a dyadic approach in three sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Bengesai Annah V , Khan Hafiz T A 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe present study examines the association between attitudes towards wife beating and intimate partner violence (IPV) using a dyadic approach in three sub-Saharan countries.SettingWe use data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey cross-sectional studies which were conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Malawi, Zambia and ZimbabweParticipantsOur sample comprised 9183 couples who also had completed the information on the domestic violence questions and our variables of interest.ResultsOur results indicate that women in these three countries are generally comparatively more inclined to justify marital violence than their husbands or partners. In terms of IPV experience, we found that when both partners endorsed wife beating, the risk of experiencing IPV was twice as likely after controlling for other couple-level and individual factors (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.54–2.50, emotional violence; OR=2.42, 95% CI 1.96–3.00, physical violence; OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.47–2.61, sexual violence). The risk of IPV was also higher when the women alone endorsed IPV (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.35–1.86, emotional violence; OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.59–2.15, physical violence; OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.51–2.22, sexual violence) than when the men alone were tolerant (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.13–1.75, physical violence; OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.08–1.90, sexual violence).ConclusionsOur findings confirm that attitudes towards violence are perhaps one of the key indicators of IPV prevalence. Therefore, to break the cycle of violence in the three countries, more attention must be paid to attitudes towards the acceptability of marital violence. Programmes tailored to gender role transformation and promote non-violent gender attitudes are also needed.
Long-term health and human capital effects of in utero exposure to an industrial disaster: a spatial difference-in-differences analysis of the Bhopal gas tragedy
Authors: McCord Gordon C , Bharadwaj Prashant , McDougal Lotus , Kaushik Arushi , Raj Anita 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesGlobalisation and industrialisation can increase economic opportunity for low/middle-income nations, but these processes may also increase industrial accidents and harm workers. This paper examines the long-term, cohort-based health effects of the Bhopal gas disaster (BGD), one of the most serious industrial accidents in history.DesignThis retrospective analysis uses geolocated data on health and education from India’s National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) and the 1999 Indian Socio-Economic Survey by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO-1999) to examine the health effects of exposure to the BGD among men and women aged 15–49 years living in Madhya Pradesh in 2015–2016 (women n=40 786; men n=7031 (NFHS-4) and n=13 369 (NSSO-1999)), as well as their children (n=1260). A spatial difference-in-differences strategy estimated the relative effect of being in utero near Bhopal relative to other cohorts and to those further from Bhopal separately for each dataset.ResultsWe document long-term, intergenerational impacts of the BGD, showing that men who were in utero at the time were more likely to have a disability that affected their employment 15 years later, and had higher rates of cancer and lower educational attainment over 30 years later. Changes in the sex ratio among children born in 1985 suggest an effect of the BGD up to 100 km from the accident.ConclusionsThese results indicate social costs stemming from the BGD that extend far beyond the mortality and morbidity experienced in the immediate aftermath. Quantifying these multigenerational impacts is important for policy consideration. Moreover, our results suggest that the BGD affected people across a substantially more widespread area than has previously been demonstrated.
Effects of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias on dental care usage and economic burden in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Minghui , Donkor Isaac K , Shao Rongjie , Hsieh Stephanie , Jiang Xiangxiang , Hong Liang , Lu Z Kevin 
Published: June 2023

AimDistinct subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (RD) might have different effects on dental care usage and economic burden. To determine the effects of AD and RD on specific types of dental care usage (preventive and treatment visits) and dental care costs from different payers (total and out-of-pocket costs).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey in 2016. This study identified 4268 community dwelling older adults with and without Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) from a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Dental care usage and costs are based on self-reported data. Preventive dental events included preventive and diagnosis events. Treatment dental events included restorative, oral surgery and other events.ResultsThis study identified 4268 (weighted N=30 423 885) older adults, including 94.48% without ADRD, 1.90% with AD and 3.63% with RD. Compared with older adults without ADRD, those with AD had similar dental care usage, but those with RD were 38% less likely to have treatment visit (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.94) and had a 40% reduced number of total treatment visits (incidence rate ratio: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.98). RD was not associated with dental care costs, but AD was associated with higher total costs (β: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.14 to 2.01) and higher out-of-pocket costs (β: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.17 to 2.32).ConclusionsPatients with ADRD were more likely to have adverse dental care outcomes. Specifically, RD was associated with lower treatment dental care usage and AD was associated with higher total and out-of-pocket dental care costs. Effective patient-centred strategies should be used to improve dental care outcomes in patients with distinct subtypes of ADRD.