bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HELMINTHIC CENOSES OF THE EURASIAN BADGER (MELES MELES, L., 1758) IN THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS
Authors: Itin G. S. , Kravchenko V. M. 
Published: May 2023

On the territory of the North-Western Caucasus from 2010 to 2022, 60 badgers
from 3 landscape-geographical zones were studied by the method of complete
helminthological dissection. The prevalence and intensity of invasion, abundance
index and dominance index were calculated. Infection of badgers with helminths
was 100%. Helminthic cenosis was represented by 20 species of parasitic worms
from 4 classes Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala, and 16
families. The detected helminths included 6 trematode species (30.0%), 3 cestode
species (15.0%), 10 nematode species (55.0%) and one species of Acanthocephala
(5.0%). Nineteen helminth species were found in the plain zone, 15 species in the
foothill zone, and 9 species in the mountainous zone. The dominant trematode
species was Euparyphium melis (the II average 32.0 specimens; AI 9.6; DI 16.5%).
Subdominant species were Alaria alata (the II average 16.4 specimens; AI 5.5; DI
9.4%) and Pharyngostomum cordatum (II average 31.5 specimens; AI 3.1; DI 5.4%).
The dominant cestode species was M. lineatus (II average 11.0 specimens; AI 5.1;
DI 8.8%), and subdominant species was T. crassiceps (II average 7.3 specimens; AI
2.8; DI 4.8%). The dominant nematode species was U. stenocephala (II average 37.5
specimens; AI 17.5; DI 30.1%), and subdominant species were Molineus patens (II
average 24.6 specimens; AI 4.5; DI 7.8%), and Thominx aerophilus (II average 7.6
specimens; AI 2.4; DI 4.1%). Analysis of the stomach contents of the badgers showed
that a significant proportion of the diet consisted of animal feed which was present in
the stomach of 90.0% of the examined animals. Fragments of rodents, amphibians,
reptiles, fish, insects, mollusks, and annelids were found in their stomach.
DIROFILARIASIS DIAGNOSTICS IN DOGS
Authors: Kravchenko V. M. , Kravchenko G. A. , Itin G. S. 
Published: May 2023

As a result of our own long-term research, a comparative analysis of clinical
signs, and laboratory, immunological and instrumental methods for diagnosing
dirofilariasis of dogs in the North-Western Caucasus was carried out. As a result
of the study, it was found that only a comprehensive diagnosis performed in stages
allows us not only to diagnose most accurately both mature nematodes and their
microfilariae but also to significantly reduce the economic component. Therefore,
when diagnosing dirofilariasis in dogs, it is necessary to take into account only the
most specific clinical signs. Laboratory methods should combine both simple express
methods and more complex, time-consuming ones. When choosing immunological
test systems, it is necessary to take into account not only their economic feasibility,
but also the qualitative component, since the main principle of test system operation
is the reaction to Dirofilaria antigens contained in the blood of an infected dog. They
can be used for both individual and group research. When choosing instrumental
diagnostic methods such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, etc., which are aimed at detecting
sexually mature nematodes, and due to their high cost and complexity, it is necessary
to take into account their expediency based on predicting the disease outcome.
TO THE FAUNA OF GALL-FORMING ARTHROPODS IN VLADIKAVKAZ
Authors: Kudaeva F. M. , Cheglakov D. S. , Bugulova I. V. , Byazrova E. G. 
Published: May 2023

The regional assessment of the fauna of gall-forming arthropods on the vegetation
of urban ecosystems in North Ossetia indicates a significant distribution of pests.
Ticks with the prevalence of 62.5% dominate in the structure of phytophagans of the
studied plants in Vladikavkaz. The proportion of gall-forming insects is 37.5%. Of
the 25 species of studied plants, 8 are susceptible to arthropod attack. Gall-forming
insects infect laminas of two types of trees and one type of shrub. Thus, the willow
gall sawfly (Pontania proxima) was identified on the goat willow (Salix caprea), the
elm-grass root aphid (Tetraneura ulmi) on the elm rough (Ulmus glabra), and the
red currant aphid (Cryptomyzus ribis) on the golden currant (Ribes aureum). Gallforming mites inhabiting laminas of four types of trees and one type of shrub. Walnut
leaf gall mite (Eriophyes tristriatus) was detected on the walnut (Juglans regia), the
grape leaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) on the common grape (Vitis vinifera), the pear blister mite (Eriophyes pyri) on the pear Nart (Pyrus "Nart"), the maple gall mite
(Aceria macrorhyncha) on the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), and the red
nail gall mite (Eriophyes tiliae) on the Caucasian linden (Tilia caucasica).
MORPHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SEROTONERGIC NEURONS IN CESTODA MESOCESTOIDES VOGAE LARVAE
Authors: Kuznetsov G. V. , Kreshchenko N. D. , Mitkovskii D. E. , Terenina N. B. , Hrčková G. 
Published: May 2023

The immunocytochemical study of cestode larvae, Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia
(Cestoda, Mesocestoididae) detected serotonin-immunopositive neurons and fibers
in the central and peripheral nervous system. The wholemounts were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The size of serotonergic neurons, and
the distance between the lateral nerve cords, and between the commissures were
measured for the first time in the head, middle, and posterior regions of the larvae.
Serotonergic nerve components of the M. vogae larvae were detected in the nerve
ganglia in the head located between four suckers on the anterior part, as well as
between clearly visible three pairs of lateral, dorsal, and ventral longitudinal nerve
cords connected by transverse commissures. The distance between the lateral nerve
cords was 130.90±33.92 µm, and between the commissures, 24.66±6.02 µm. Sizes of
M. vogae’s neurons were as follows: length, 9.84±1.97 µm, and width, 7.19±1.50 µm.
The largest serotonergic neurons were observed in the head region of the cestodes.
The neurons in the head and middle regions of the body demonstrated the most
intensive staining. The results indicate wide spreading serotonin in flatworms which
is already found in the early stages of their life cycle.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY FORMULA: NEW STYLIZED CATEGORY TO REPRESENT THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF HELMINTH BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Authors: Moskvin A. S. 
Published: May 2023

Within the section of general helminthology, based on the diversity analysis of biological
cycles of helminth development, and the objective availability of common algorithms
in closely related species, a conceptual proposal has been developed to introduce a new
stylized category, the Helminth Developmental Biology Formula (DBF), into theory
and scientific practice. The new category, the DBF, is designed for a logically sound,
stylized and concise presentation of essential elements of bioecological characteristics
of helminths. Basic regulations for the formation of the formula structure have been
developed. A number of indicative parameters are proposed which, in accordance with
helminthological terminology and pictograms, form the informational basis of the
helminth DBF category. The regulation algorithm is universal, and, taking into account
the bioecology characteristics of helminths, it is applicable to the DBF formation for
representatives from various zoological taxa. On the example of biological cycles of
development of trematode Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik, 1962, cestode Spirometra
erinacei-europaei (Rudolphi, 1819), nematode Avioserpens mosgovoyi Suprjaga, 1965,
Acanthocephala Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781), and Monogenea
Diplozoon paradoxum Nordman, 1832, in a stylized format, the structure and
information content of the category Helminth Developmental Biology Formula are presented. The field of practical use of the helminth DBF is the following: 1) scientific
and methodological, educational and reference helminthological literature, as an
additional subheading within the main Helminth Developmental Biology Section;
2) in computer databases of various thematic orientation, in scientific characterization
of the main bioecological parameters of helminths, due to the need to present material
in a concise format.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX OF IVERMECTIN "ANIVERM-2.0%" AGAINST PARASITOSIS OF HERD HORSES
Authors: Musaev M. B. , Zashchepkina V. V. 
Published: May 2023

Deworming untamed herd horses is a difficult task. It is more convenient to use drugs
by free feeding, individually or in groups in a mixture with concentrated feed. In
this regard, we have developed a new dosage form for the treatment and prevention
of parasitosis in herd horses by free feeding in a mixture with concentrated feed
based on the substance ivermectin, which has a high antiparasitic activity and a wide
spectrum of action. To obtain an antiparasitic supramolecular complex based on the
substance ivermectin, an innovative mechanochemical technology was used using two
water-soluble polymers of low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrollydon-17 and natural
arabinogalactan. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for the use of the
supramolecular complex ivermectin "Aniverm-2.0%" against parasitosis of herd horses.
The drug "Aniverm-2.0%" is a supramolecular complex of ivermectin, a water-soluble
solid powder of a light beige color, tasteless, with an easily perceptible coniferous odor.
The methodology provides a brief description of the drug, its mechanism of action,
pharmaco-toxicological properties, the procedure for use, the timing of slaughtering
animals and personal safety measures. According to the degree of impact on the body
of warm-blooded animals, the drug "Aniverm-2.0%" belongs to low-toxic substances.
APPLICATION OF THE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS AND TOXOCARIASIS
Authors: Novak M. D. , Novak A. I. , Kanina I. V. 
Published: May 2023

Preparative immunological and serological studies for toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis
were carried out. Antigenic and antibody immunoreagents based on proliferative
forms of Toxoplasma gondii, excretory and secretory components of larval stages of
Toxocara canis and specific immune sera were developed. When using the obtained
diagnostic preparations, the blood serum of livestock and carnivorous animals and
humans was examined for Toxoplasma and Toxocara antibodies and antigens using
the immunochromatographic assay (IСA). IgG to Toxoplasma gondii in an ELISA
were found in young men under 17 years of age. A study using the ICA express test
of blood serum of housewives and students from the Northwest African countries
revealed Toxoplasma antigens in 1.2 and 9.0%, respectively, and antibodies in 10.5
and 16.0%. The ICA in different age groups of people showed the highest level of
Toxocara canis seropositivity among children, adolescents and young people aged
from 9–12 to 17–20 years. Immunochromatographic assay belongs to the group
of molecular biological methods and allows reliable detection, in the express test variant, of both pathogen antigens and antibodies. The ICA informativeness is 98%
with high sensitivity. The above method in the express test variant makes it possible
to seroepidemiological and seroepizootological monitoring for acute and latent
toxoplasmosis, as well as for toxocariasis (larva migrans syndrome).
HELMINTH FAUNA OF THE FOX (VULPES VULPES) IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA
Authors: Panova O. A. , Andreyanov O. N. , Kuznetsova A. D. , Kuznetsov K. S. , Khrustalev A. V. 
Published: May 2023

Wild carnivores are involved in the maintenance of natural foci of helminth infections,
and among their pathogens there are species of zoonotic significance. The purpose
of the research was the study of helminth distribution in the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Central Region of the European part of Russia. Thirty foxes were examined by the
method of complete helminthological dissections. Twenty three helminth species
were recorded including the following 17 species in the digestive tract: Aonchotheca
putorii (23.3%), Gnathostoma spinigerum (3.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala (66.6%),
Toxascaris leonina (53.3%), Toxocara canis (23.3%), Molineus patens (13.3%),
Ancylostoma caninum (3.3%), Taenia sp. (40%), Echinococcus multilocularis
(30.0%), Mesocestoides sp. (10.0%), Macracanthorhynchus catulinus (13.3%), Alaria
alata (66.6%), Apophallus donicus (50.0%), Isthmiophora melis (23.3%), Metorchis
bilis (23.3%), Opisthorchis felineus (13.3%), and Echinochasmus perfoliatus (6.6%).
The following three nematode species were found in the respiratory system: Eucoleus
boehmi (26.6%), Eucoleus aerophilus (63.3%), and Crenosoma vulpis (46.6%).
The nematode Dirofilaria immitis (3.3%) was found in the heart of one fox. Half
of the animals had Pearsonema plica (syn. Capillaria plica) (50%) in the bladder.
Trichinella sp. (6.6%) were found in the muscle tissue. We identified 6 nematode
species, 1 cestode species and 5 trematode species which are pathogens of zoonosis.
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MELOIDOGYNE GOELDI, 1887 IN THE TASHKENT OASIS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Akbarova M. Kh. , Egamberganova A. Sh. , Saidova Sh. O. , Eshova Kh. S. 
Published: May 2023

Infection of plants with nematodes is still one of the main limitations of crop
productivity. The research material is the infected rhizosphere and the roots of
various plant crops collected on farms and personal subsidiary plots of the Tashkent
Oasis. Four species of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 were found in the study area in
the Tashkent Oasis: M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. hapla. It was
established that infection of plants with nematodes depended on the characteristics of
plant resistance, as well as soil and climatic conditions of the study region. However,
the degree of occurrence of individual species on plants varied significantly. In terms
of distribution of nematode species in the closed soil conditions of the Tashkent
Oasis by districts and cities, M. arenaria was determined to be the most common
species, whereas the least common species was M. javanica. The highest infection
with nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne in the districts of the Tashkent Region was
64.0% on personal subsidiary farms of the Yangiyul District, and the lowest infection
was 12.5% on personal subsidiary farms of the Buka District. M. arenaria is the most
common species in the Tashkent Oasis, and M. javanica is the least common species.
M. arenaria and M. incognita are dominating species, M. hapla is common, and M.
javanica is rare.
HELMINTHS OF THE AMERICAN MINK (NEOGALE VISON SCHREBER, 1777) IN THE KIROV REGION
Authors: Strelnikov D. P. 
Published: May 2023

The American mink is an introduced species for the Kirov Region. The analysis
of helminth infection of the American mink was carried out in urban conditions
and natural biocenoses of the Kirov Region (floodplains of the Vyatka, Kama,
Cheptsa and Moloma Rivers) in the north-east of the European part of Russia. The
method of complete helminthological dissection was used to study 109 carcasses
of the American mink from natural biocenoses and urbanized landscapes of the
city of Kirov and other settlements of the Kirov Region (residential areas). In the
studied animals, species, sex, age, weight and fatness of the animal were determined.
Age was determined by the method of V. G. Klevezal. Eighteen species of parasitic
worms belonging to 3 classes were identified, namely, trematodes (4 species),
nematodes (13 species), and cestodes (1 species). Five new species were found for
the Kirov Region including Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890), Crenosoma taiga (Skrjabin
et Petrov, 1928), and Mustelivingylus skrjabini (Romanov et Kontrimavichus, 1962).
Of these, 8 species were found in urban areas. Most often, infection occurred with
4 helminth species, Aonchotheca putorii, Aonchotheca mucronata, Crenosoma taiga,
and Skrjabingylus nasicola. Epizootological and epidemiological danger is posed
by Trichinella nativa. In minks, the bladder (A. mucronata) and frontal sinuses (Sk.
nasicola) are often affected.
ROLE OF DOMESTICATED CAT (FELIS CATUS) IN EPIZOOTOLOGY OF ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Andreyanov O. N. , Uspensky A. V. , Postevoy A. N. 
Published: May 2023

Currently, the question of the role of the domesticated cat as the definitive host of
the tapeworm E. multilocularis remains controversial. The purpose of the present
studies was to experimentally identify the role of the domesticated cat in the spread
of alveococcosis. Rats infected with metacestodes E. multilocularis were euthanized,
hydatids were dissected, passed through a meat grinder, and a protoscolex suspension
was obtained. Scoleces in the Mogileva-Kotelnikov chamber were counted, their
viability was assessed, and 12 domesticated cats were infected with a dose of 20,000
scoleces per animal. The animals were euthanized weekly. The cats were examined by
helminthological methods. After a week of the experiment, it was found that helminths
got acclimatized in the cats. In the small intestine of the adult cats, 382 and 1500 (1.9
and 7.5%) scoleces of the alveolar cestode were found, and 980 and 2500 (4.9 and
12.5%) in the kittens. At the second week of the experiment, 210 and 800 (1.0 and 4.0%)
immature cestodes were recorded in the adult cats, and 1600 and 550 (8.0 and 2.7%) immature cestodes were recorded in the kittens. In the third week of the experiment,
cestodes were not found in the intestines of the animals. Minimal prevalence, and
intensity of the alveococcosis lesion invasion in the domesticated cat (Felis catus) shows
the questionable epizootic nature of alveolar echinococcosis.
GASTROINTESTINAL STRONGYLATOSIS OF HORSES
Authors: Timerbaeva R. R. , Shageeva A. R. , Frolov G. S. 
Published: May 2023

The epizootic situation was studied on gastrointestinal strongylatosis of horses in
Sosna, LLC of the Baltasinsky District, the Republic of Tatarstan. The study objects
were horses of different age groups, breeds, and sexes, spontaneously infected by
nematodes. Coproscopic studies were carried out by the modified helminthovoscopic
Kotelnikov-Khrenov method with ammonium nitrate and the helmintholarvoscopic
Shilnikov method. The generic assignment of pathogens of gastrointestinal
strongylatosis of horses was determined by cultivating nematode larvae belonging to
the Strongylata suborder. As a result of the coproscopic studies, it was found that horses
of different age groups were invaded by pathogens of gastrointestinal strongylatosis.
In December 2021, 30 horses were tested for helminthiasis. The results of the studies
showed that 20 out of 30 animals had gastrointestinal Strongylata infections with
66.7% extense-invasiveness, and the intense-invasiveness of 1 to 37 egg specimens in the field of view. The remaining 10 horses were free of helminths. The studies indicate
that the examination of the horses in Sosna, LLC detected intestinal nematodiasis
the causative agents of which were nematodes of the Strongylata suborder, the
genus Triсhonema. Thus, widespread parasitic diseases of horses on the farm were
gastrointestinal strongylatosis, in particular trichonematosis.
FEATURES OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITOCIDES
Authors: Khalikov S. S. 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the research is to study the features of the mechanochemical
modification of medicinal substances with low solubility in water. According to
the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, about 6% of medicinal substances
belong to the group of insoluble medicinal substances, and about 47%, to practically
insoluble medicinal substances, i.e. more than a half substances have problems with
solubility, and therefore bioavailability and pharmacological activity. To achieve
the therapeutic effect of such substances, it is necessary to deliberately increase
the dosage of the substance, which increases the cost of the drug, as well as safety
risks of pharmacotherapy. The work evaluated possibilities of mechanochemical
modification of a number of known anthelmintic substances with low solubility
to increase this parameter. It was shown that during machining of such substances
in the presence of polymeric substances, solid dispersions were formed that had
increased solubility while maintaining high anthelmintic activity with decreased
dosage of the active substance. Preparations in the form of solid dispersions can be
used both orally and by a group method to 10-20 animals, mixed with compound
feed. For low-melting substances, a liquid-phase machining method is proposed to
obtain stable suspension concentrates that are convenient for oral administration.
The prospects for obtaining mixed compositions based on two substances are shown,
which makes it possible to obtain combined preparations with a wide spectrum of
action with the minimized volume and frequency of their use.
THE EVOLUTION PROCESS OF EPIPHYTOSYSTEMS OF ANGUINOSIS (ANGUINA SPP.) OF CEREALS
Authors: Shesteperov A. A. 
Published: May 2023

The evolution of flowering plants including the Gramineae family is associated with
birds and mammals that play a large role in distribution of seeds. The appearance
of galls in the evolution which are formed as a result of the vital activity of Anguina
in various organs of cereal plants resembles the convergence process with flowering
plant seeds. Like seeds, galls firstly appear to be the resting structures having a
strong envelope which helps Anguina to survive unfavorable conditions. Like seeds,
galls possess the same distribution ways that have been developed in the evolution,
namely by wind, water, mammals and birds. Anguina form galls that look like seeds
of cereals, namely plant embryo in a seed and many nematodes in galls. Together
with coevolution of the epiphytosystem (plant + phytoparasite + herbivore), one
herbivore species in biogeocenosis is changed for another species that ousts it in the
competitive struggle. However due to its peculiarities such species spread seeds and
galls poorly. Different microorganisms adapt to each species of the epiphytosystem
including those "useful" for the epiphytosystem. Bacteria Rathayibacter tritici and R.
toxicus colonized galls and caused death of herbivorous mammals. Those animals
stopped to consume cereal seeds and galls which granivorous birds began to consume
and "sow" seeds and galls into typical and other biogeocenoses. As a result of the
coevolution, the epiphytosystem with included toxic microorganisms developed to a
higher level. The very set of anguinosis epiphytosystems in a particular biogeocenosis
is determined by historically established interspecific relationships and characteristics
of coalition of host plants, Anguina, “useful” bacteria, herbivores and birds.