bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Remorse
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Speaking on behalf of a group, someone may say, “We feel remorse over what we did.” What is it, though, for “us” to feel remorse? This chapter pursues that question. It is of more than theoretical interest: in general, remorse can be an important stimulus to forgiveness, and hence to reconciliation between wrongdoers and their victims. Three possible accounts of a group’s remorse are carefully considered. Two are aggregative. The first of these takes group remorse to involve the members’ personal remorse over acts of their own that contributed to the relevant act of the group. Three versions of this account are considered. A crucial problem for all of them is that no member of the group, on any version of the account, has to feel remorse over an act of the group. The second aggregative account invokes the members’ personal remorse over the group’s act. The intelligibility of such remorse is defended in light of doubts from philosopher Karl Jaspers and others. It is argued that, in spite of the intelligibility of membership remorse, generalized membership remorse does not suffice for the remorse of a group. Finally, an account of collective remorse in terms of joint commitment is proposed, and its practical importance emphasized.
Introduction: The Great Chasm
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Introduction presents an overview of the book. It addresses the following fundamental questions: What is the central thesis of the book? What is its purpose? What is its scholarly approach? How does it differ from other scholarly works on U.S. higher education? Why should American colleges and universities strive to bridge the Great Chasm?” The first part of the Introduction describes the current domestic context of American higher education, forces that strengthen international demand for it, and institutional obstacles in the way of meeting this demand. The second part offers a few compelling reasons for “going global.” The next parts explain the approach, purpose, and aims of the book, and how it can be differentiated from other scholarly works on American higher education. The last part presents a preview of key points to be made in each chapter.
A Higher Education Sector on the Edge: Part II
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses major risks to the economic foundation of the U.S. higher education sector. They include a drop in the aggregate levels of personal disposable income, student financial aid, private donations, investment income, and public funding. As noted earlier, these sources are the financial pillars of American higher education. The chapter also discusses adverse trends that are symptomatic of a general malaise in the sector. Among them are flat enrollments, intensifying competition, slackening economic growth, deteriorating financial ratios, and declining financial surplus. The discussion is relevant to the question, “What has contributed to the abundance of American higher education talent since the start of the New Millennium?”
Global Markets beyond the Horizon: Part II
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on higher education markets in the Arab World, East and Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Latin America. In addition, it discusses the growth in the number of branch campuses in emerging markets, the expansion of the global market for internationally mobile tertiary education students, and the responsiveness of a handful of U.S. colleges and universities to the immense foreign demand for American higher education talent. Lastly, the chapter identifies potential competitors in various higher education export markets, based on the national origin of branch campus sponsors, and the principal countries of destination for internationally mobile tertiary education students.
Ethical Dilemmas in International Expansion
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a key challenge facing U.S. colleges and universities in their effort to “go global”: how to preserve their academic integrity, while generating the financial resources needed to support their activities in the realm of ideas. Associated with this challenge are four ethical dilemmas that occasionally arise in the course of international expansion: namely, the righteousness of (1) providing international higher education services only to those who can afford them; (2) engaging in foreign practices that contravene U.S. normative standards; (3) providing services in countries whose policies conflict with American liberal values; and (4) compromising academic freedom to remain in good standing with a repressive regime. The chapter offers a few thoughts on how the dilemmas can and should be addressed. It concludes by placing academic freedom in a broader philosophical context.
Parting Thoughts: Relevance for Other Western Institutions
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
These closing remarks summarize key points made in the book. They also place them in a broader perspective. In this section, the book explores the possibility of extending the conclusion to other Western colleges and universities by analogy. To do so soundly, one must establish that like their American counterparts, (1) their financial condition is precarious; (2) international demand for their services is robust, and (3) their institutional culture, organizational structure, and system of governance pose obstacles in the way of international expansion. Therefore, to bridge the gap between the abundance of Western higher educational talent and the immense foreign demand for it, fundamental reforms in their institutional culture, organizational structure, and governance systems may be necessary. Without these reforms, their financial viability will be at risk, as will be the economic foundation of Western higher education in general.
Prevention
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 4 examines the pursuit of prevention, with a case study of the long-running flagship NHS Health Check programme. Drawing on documentary sources, I chart the strange persistence of an unloved programme in early intervention despite scepticism and doubt even among the officials and professionals most centrally involved in its rollout. I show that the common commitment to prevention works to justify this programme (and its subsequent extensions and expansions) while also giving space for other actors in public health to question the programme and push for more radical measures. I link these findings to important new work on anticipatory governance, horizon-scanning and foresight initiatives in relation to the environment and technology to flesh out understandings of the power and impact of long-term thinking in policymaking.
European Union Policy on Capacity Mechanisms
Authors: Ziegler Clemens 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter sets out with a historical perspective on the EU’s policy on capacity mechanisms, discussing the early cases linked to the 2003 Electricity Directive, the Commission’s 2012/13 public consultation on resource adequacy to its 2015/16 state aid sector inquiry, and the 2019 electricity market reform. The analysis shows that, at least in theory, there is a growing tendency to limit the use of capacity payments, owing to their potentially distortive effects. That said, the discussion of the case law shows how difficult it is for third parties to challenge the Commission’s state aid assessments of capacity mechanisms, especially when these mechanisms are likely to be used for subsidizing fossil fuels. In this connection, the chapter also considers the most recent discussion regarding state aid policy and sustainability, including the Commission’s draft state aid guidelines for climate, energy, and environmental protection.
Resource Adequacy in Decarbonizing Power Systems
Authors: Batlle Carlos , Mastropietro Paolo , Rodilla Pablo , Pérez-Arriaga Ignacio J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Resource adequacy mechanisms are becoming a pillar of power sector regulation during the energy transition. In this chapter, we identify, review, and discuss the key design elements of resource adequacy mechanisms, extracting guidelines from international experiences on both sides of the Atlantic. Among the topics analysed in this chapter, there are the identification of the buying and the selling sides in the market, the level of centralization, the definition of the reliability product, the identification of scarcity conditions, the design of de-rating methodologies, the lag period and duration of capacity contracts, and performance incentives. Based on this analysis, the chapter provides guidelines for all the countries where similar mechanisms are currently under discussion and presents high-level recommendations.
Capacity Mechanisms and State Aid Control
Authors: Hancher Leigh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the application of the Treaty state aid rules to scrutinize funding of national capacity remuneration mechanisms. State aid control has been a key instrument to ensure national financial support to ensure generation adequacy does not frustrate the over-riding objective of completing the internal energy market. The Commission’s has used its powers to launch a sector- wide inquiry into support for CRMs, and has subsequently adopted detailed ‘soft law’ guidelines to assess the compatibility of national support measures to promote generation adequacy and reliability. Since 2014, it has adopted several controversial decisions—some of which have now been subject to challenge before the CJEU. The role of the guidelines to harmonize national approaches to the need for CRMs have to some extent been overtaken by legislation but many open questions remain—even following the recent adoption of a new set of guidelines at the end of 2021.
Austria
Authors: Starlinger Thomas , Wielinger Elisabeth , Kröpfl Harald 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on generation adequacy in Austria. It starts by outlining the current situation of the electricity market in Austria and its regulatory environment, followed by an analysis of the network reserve and its compatibility under EU rules on state aid. In January 2021, Austria introduced a regulatory framework for the establishment of a network reserve, which received approval by the European Commission in June 2021 under EU state aid rules until end of 2025. Austria has an energy-only market. The legal basis is enshrined in section 23 paragraph 2 lit 5 ElWOG 2010 (Austrian Electricity Act). Under this regulation, the control area manager has to identify congestions in transmission systems. If necessary, the control area manager must tender the conclusion of contracts with producers and other market participants under which the latter are obliged to provide congestion management services (increase or reduce their output or demand). In order to be able to participate in the tender, operators of generating plants with a capacity of more than 20 MW are obliged to notify the control area manager of any temporary, temporary seasonal and final shutdowns of their power plant.
Ireland
Authors: Byrne Seamus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter concerns the introduction of a capacity mechanism in Ireland which was implemented in 2018 as part of a revision to the overall single electricity market arrangements. The mechanism replaced the previous capacity payment mechanism and since then, seven capacity auctions have taken place for delivery years between 2018 and 2019 and 2024 and 2025. While the mechanism aims to address the adequacy concerns, the TSO has identified resource constraints expected in the coming years which are largely being driven by significant demand increases. Initially, such resource issues were focused in the Dublin area; however, this is now being expanded to the rest of Ireland, signalling that while cost reductions have been delivered following the introduction of the mechanism, it has not fully addressed adequacy issues.
Spain
Authors: Guayo Iñigo del 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyses capacity mechanisms in Spain. It tries to explain why they were introduced in 1997, at the time of liberalization, and how they have developed until the entry into force of a new Electricity Act in December 2013. After explaining the regulatory context and the key features of capacity mechanisms, the chapter discusses the reasons for the reductions and partial suppressions of payments between 2012 and 2013, and the suppression of the availability service in 2018. The content of the 2021 draft order regulating the future capacity market is also analysed. The chapter also highlights the relevance of the Spanish capacity payments in the European context, taking into account the 2019 Electricity Regulation’s requirements.
Introduction: Looking for Effective and Legitimate Governance
Authors: Stollenwerk Eric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the relevance of effective and legitimate governance in areas of limited statehood as the main focus of this book. By showing that governance is often ineffective and illegitimate in many parts of the world, this part of the study underscores that it is a pressing task for political science and policy makers to find an answer to the question of how effective and legitimate governance can be possible in areas of limited statehood. Ideas of virtuous circles of governance, where effective and legitimate governance become mutually reinforcing, are prominent in academia and the policy world. In such circles, more effectiveness leads to more legitimacy, and more legitimacy leads to more effectiveness in governance. This book asks how likely are virtuous circles of governance to evolve in areas of limited statehood? This section presents the state of the art on the topic and points out existing research gaps. The introduction also spells out the main argument of the book, which is that virtuous circles of governance are possible in areas of limited statehood, but more likely to evolve for external and non-state actors than for the state. This part also illustrates the research design and the empirical strategy of the analysis. Moreover, the chapter presents the research contributions of the book in the fields of international relations and comparative politics. Finally, the introduction includes a roadmap for the book.
Extraterritorial Authoritarian Practices
Authors: Glasius Marlies 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers two migrant groups that are affected by very different extraterritorial authoritarian practices in the same ‘host’ country. It begins by focusing on the Dutch-Turkish newspaper Zaman Vandaag, driven out of business by extraterritorial authoritarian practices, and on the murder of the Dutch Iranian separatist Ahmad Mola Nissi. The chapter then zooms out to demonstrate broader patterns of extraterritorial authoritarian practices vis-à-vis people of Turkish and Iranian descent in the Netherlands. It shows that national governments, or sections within them, have the ability to sabotage accountability to people beyond their borders, in particular their own nationals, disabling their voice and disabling their access to information through secrecy and lying. They do not do so alone. They engage in these practices together with and sometimes through other political actors, ranging from migrant community members and religious leaders to criminals. The vulnerability of the targets of extraterritorial authoritarian practices may depend on the bilateral relations between the country of residence and country of origin, but also on their own individual autonomy and positionality vis-à-vis home and host country.
Formal Multilateral Authoritarian Practices
Authors: Glasius Marlies 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the United Nations Security Council’s ‘ISIL (Da’esh) & Al-Qaida Sanctions List’, which mandates asset freezes and travel bans against terrorist suspects, as an example of a formal multilateral authoritarian practice. Neither the existence of the list nor the names of those who are on it is a secret. Yet the practice of listing is surrounded with secrecy (and, occasionally, lies) and disables the voices of those listed vis-à-vis the listing institution by putting a firewall between them. The chapter first examines two cases of listed individuals: the Belgian couple Nabil Sayadi and Patricia Vinck, and the Egyptian banker Youssef Nada. It then zooms out to establish a broader patter of disabling voice and disabling access to information. It concludes that the sanctions list and the accountability sabotage associated with it have become ‘stabilized’ since its inception in the wake of 9/11. The concepts of self-shielding, ally-shielding, and pre-emptive governance of risk are deployed to explain the stabilization and functioning of this formal multilateral authoritarian practice.
Institutional Authoritarian Practices
Authors: Glasius Marlies 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines institutional authoritarian practices surrounding child sexual abuse by the Catholic clergy. It starts with a focus on the handling of allegations against five priests at two sites within the Catholic Church: the Irish diocese of Cloyne and the Salesian order’s Australia-Pacific province. From there, it widens out to consider broader patterns associated with covering up clergy abuse in other Irish dioceses and elsewhere in the Salesian order, contextualizing them within to national-level Church initiatives to handle child sexual abuse complaints and the Vatican’s responses. By applying an authoritarian practices perspective, the chapter shows how the Catholic Church’s main organizational and cultural features—shared to a varying extent by other religious institutions—may foster silencing, secrecy, and lies. A culture of obedience impeded internal critiques and whistle-blowing. Church doctrines encompassed various forms of secrecy. Reputation was naturally believed to be best protected by secrecy, not by reform. The Church’s governance structure facilitated keeping sensitive information restricted. Sex in general, and ordained priests having sexual urges in particular, was a taboo subject. And a sense of clerical superiority facilitated devaluing and disbelieving the voices of victims. While Pope Francis I has made important changes in the Church’s handling of clerical abuse, the Catholic Church’s main organizational and cultural features persist.
The Politics of Accountability
Authors: Glasius Marlies 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Configurations of actors that have the power to significantly affect people’s lives, and that systematically seek to duck accountability by silencing, keeping secrets from, or lying to people they affect, should be considered as functional equivalents to authoritarian regimes. This chapter re-examines the definition of authoritarian practices, based on the preceding empirical chapters. It considers to what extent gaining knowledge about authoritarian practices is possible, and how to delineate the boundaries of the concept. It examines the two core components of authoritarian practices: disabling voice and disabling access to information. It then discusses configurations of actors engaging in authoritarian practices, and the common understandings between them. In the latter part of the chapter, the focus shifts to the accountability demanders, assessing sources of vulnerability and strength, and indicating significant global developments affecting the affordances of various groups of ‘information professionals’. It concludes by making the case for more research on transnational authoritarian practices.
Introduction
Authors: Ibsen Malte Frøslee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This introduction presents the project of the book as an ambition to make Frankfurt School critical theory come to terms with our emerging world society. It argues that the Frankfurt School’s waning influence in the academy in recent years is chiefly due to the silence of its standard-bearers on some of the defining concerns of contemporary world society, most centrally the postcolonial condition and anthropogenic climate change. Moreover, the idea of a critical theory of society is defined and explicated alongside a historical, a sociological, and a normative dimension, and with reference to its practical criterion of validity. Finally, the introduction offers an outline of the book’s structure and contents.
Habermas’s Communicative Paradigm and the Idea of Critical Theory of World Society
Authors: Ibsen Malte Frøslee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 shows how Habermas has in recent years sought to apply his communicative paradigm to world society in response to his increasing appreciation of the disruptive forces of economic globalization, developing a proposal for a multilevel global constitutional framework, which can re-establish the necessary legal and political conditions for democratic self-determination in the post-national constellation of powerful globalized market forces and fragmented states. Yet the chapter also argues that this concern with the legal and political conditions of autonomy is too restrictive, and that Habermas’s proceduralism ultimately blinds his theoretical gaze to profound injustices in contemporary world society. Moreover, the chapter argues that Habermas’s distinction between communicative, strategic, and instrumental action (where the latter refers to human relations with the natural world) renders Habermas’s social theory incapable of accommodating ecological concerns actualized by anthropogenic climate change, and, in this sense, that his communicative paradigm falls behind Adorno’s advances into the Promethean limitations of Horkheimer’s original paradigm. I also discuss Amy Allen’s recent critique that Habermas’s theory of social evolution commits him to a pernicious view of non-Western societies as developmentally inferior to modern Western societies. In response, I argue that although the global application of Habermas’s communicative paradigm leaves many questions unanswered, contrary to Allen’s claim he explicitly understands modernity as a truly global condition, in which no completely pre-modern societies remain.