bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring what matters: Why and how to include patient reported outcomes in clinical care and research on inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Huemer Martina , Bösch Florin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatient reported outcomes (PROs) are generally defined as ‘any report of the status of a patient's health condition that comes directly from the patient, without interpretation of the patient's response by a clinician or anyone else’. A broader definition of PRO also includes ‘any information on the outcomes of health care obtained directly from patients without modification by clinicians or other health care professionals’. Following this approach, PROs encompass subjective perceptions of patients on how they function or feel not only in relation to a health condition but also to its treatment as well as concepts such as health‐related quality of life (HrQoL), information on the functional status of a patient, signs and symptoms and symptom burden. PRO measurement instruments (PROMs) are mostly questionnaires and inform about what patients can do and how they feel. PROs and PROMs have not yet found unconditional acceptance and wide use in the field of inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarises the importance and usefulness of PROs in research, drug legislation and clinical care and informs about quality standards, development, and potential methodological shortfalls of PROMs. Inclusion of PROs measured with high‐quality, well‐selected PROMs into clinical care, drug legislation, and research helps to identify unmet needs, improve quality of care, and define outcomes that are meaningful to patients. The field of IEM should open to new methodological approaches such as the definition of core sets of variables including PROs to be systematically assessed in specific metabolic conditions and new collaborations with PRO experts, such as psychologists to facilitate the systematic collection of meaningful data.
Imaging Assessment of the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Primary Malignant Bone Tumors: Recent Advances in Qualitative and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiomics
Authors: Liu Xiaoge , Duan Zhiqing , Fang Shaobo , Wang Shaowu 
Published: May 2023

Recent studies have shown that MRI demonstrates promising results for evaluating the chemotherapy efficacy in bone sarcomas. This article reviews current methods for evaluating the efficacy of malignant bone tumors and the application of MRI in this area, and emphasizes the advantages and limitations of each modality.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 2
A systematic study of rare‐earth ions size‐dependent structural phase transition from monazite to zircon‐type in rare earth chromates using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ughade Supriya , Poddar Pankaj 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRare earth chromates (RCrO4) undergo monazite to zircon‐type structural phase transition due to a decreased rare‐earth ion size. They also exhibit an intermediate mixed phase. However, there is no systematic study on the influence of structural distortion on their phononic behavior, which is quite sensitive to subtle environmental variations. A change in the room temperature phononic spectrum was studied in the family of RCrO4 compounds, where R was varied from La to Yb using Raman modes. With an increase in the atomic number from Nd to Yb for zircon‐type phases, the external translational and rotational modes were observed to shift towards lower and higher wavenumbers, respectively. At the same time, all internal vibrational modes shifted towards higher phonon energies. A comparison between Raman modes for monazite, intermediate, and zircon‐type RCrO4 phases showed a gradual shift in the internal modes towards a higher wavenumber. The confirmation of the change in Raman modes with the decreasing radius was found by comparing the rare‐earth elements in DyCrO4 and LaCrO4 with non‐rare‐earth elements in YCrO4.
Hot‐Pressing/Salt‐Leaching Method Assisted by Boronic Ester Dynamic Bond to Prepare Vitrimer Foams with Ultra‐Low Relative Permittivity and Superhydrophobic Performance
Authors: Xiong Yang , Liu Lili , Hu Chengyao , Yang Junxiao , Huang Yawen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltra‐low dielectric foams (ULDFs) have found important use in antennas and wave transparent devices. However, the controlled preparation of ULDFs is still a big challenge. In this work, a boronic ester bond‐assisted hot‐pressing/salt‐leaching (BHS) method is proposed to generate interconnected pore structure with tunable porosity and performance. In detail, styrene resin vitrimer is prepared with boronic ester cross‐linked network (BESR) which possessed low dielectric constant of 2.70, high modulus of 385 MPa, and reprocessability. BESR vitrimer exhibited drastically enhanced processability at the temperature >Tv(160 °C). Thanks to this unique feature, BESR vitrimer foams can be fabricated by hot‐pressing with salt particles followed by salt leaching. Such vitrimer foams exhibited advantageous pore‐forming processability, fabrication efficiency, and pore stability over conventional polymeric foams. The low extreme of dielectric constant can reach 1.60. Furthermore, owing to interconnected pore structure, superhydrophobic foam (water contact angel (CA) ≈ 154°) is facilely fabricated on the basis of BESR to afford anti‐icing performance. The BESR foam can maintain its superhydrophobicity underwater flow impacting at 10 kPa pressure, showing advantageous high durability. BESR foams also have good recyclability and would be potentially applied in recyclable antennas.
Enhanced Adsorption of Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds on a Perchloro Covalent Triazine Framework through Multiple Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Wen Shuyue , Shen Yongli , Wen Biao , Wu Shuai , Gu Jie , Zhang Zhenjiao , Wei Yajun , Jiao Tianming , Yu Qiuyuan , Deng Qibo , Chen Yanli , Zhao Yunfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have short‐ and long‐term adverse health effects. Especially, aromatic VOCs including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are important indoor air pollutants. Developing highly efficient porous adsorbents with broad applicability remains a major challenge. In this study, a perchlorinated covalent‐triazine framework (ClCTF‐1‐400) is prepared for adsorbing BTEX. ClCTF‐1‐400 is confirmed as a partially oxidized/chlorinated microporous covalent triazine framework through a variety of characterization. It is found that ClCTF‐1‐400 is reversible VOCs absorbent with very high absorption capacities, which can adsorb benzene (693 mg g−1), toluene (621 mg g−1), ethylbenzene (603 mg g−1), o‐xylene (500 mg g−1), m‐xylene (538 mg g−1), and p‐xylene (592 mg g−1) at 25 °C and their saturated vapor pressure (≈ 1 kPa). ClCTF‐1‐400 is of higher adsorption capacities for all selected VOCs than activated carbon and other reported adsorbents. The adsorption mechanism is also inferred through theoretical calculation and in‐site Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The observed excellent BTEX adsorption performance is attributed to the multiple weak interactions between the ClCTF‐1‐400 frameworks and aromatic molecules through multiple weak interactions (CH…π and CCl…π). The breakthrough experiment demonstrates ClCTF‐1‐400 has the potential for real VOCs pollutant removal in air.
Quantitative magnetization transfer MRI unbiased by on‐resonance saturation and dipolar order contributions
Authors: Soustelle Lucas , Troalen Thomas , Hertanu Andreea , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Guye Maxime , Varma Gopal , Alsop David C. , Duhamel Guillaume , Girard Olivier M. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeTo demonstrate the bias in quantitative MT (qMT) measures introduced by the presence of dipolar order and on‐resonance saturation (ONRS) effects using magnetization transfer (MT) spoiled gradient‐recalled (SPGR) acquisitions, and propose changes to the acquisition and analysis strategies to remove these biases.MethodsThe proposed framework consists of SPGR sequences prepared with simultaneous dual‐offset frequency‐saturation pulses to cancel out dipolar order and associated relaxation (T1D) effects in Z‐spectrum acquisitions, and a matched quantitative MT (qMT) mathematical model that includes ONRS effects of readout pulses. Variable flip angle and MT data were fitted jointly to simultaneously estimate qMT parameters (macromolecular proton fraction [MPF], T2,f, T2,b, R, and free pool T1). This framework is compared with standard qMT and investigated in terms of reproducibility, and then further developed to follow a joint single‐point qMT methodology for combined estimation of MPF and T1.ResultsBland–Altman analyses demonstrated a systematic underestimation of MPF (−2.5% and −1.3%, on average, in white and gray matter, respectively) and overestimation of T1 (47.1 ms and 38.6 ms, on average, in white and gray matter, respectively) if both ONRS and dipolar order effects are ignored. Reproducibility of the proposed framework is excellent (ΔMPF = −0.03% and ΔT1 = −19.0 ms). The single‐point methodology yielded consistent MPF and T1 values with respective maximum relative average bias of −0.15% and −3.5 ms found in white matter.ConclusionThe influence of acquisition strategy and matched mathematical model with regard to ONRS and dipolar order effects in qMT‐SPGR frameworks has been investigated. The proposed framework holds promise for improved accuracy with reproducibility.
J‐Difference editing (MEGA) of lactate in the human brain at 3T
Authors: Robison Ryan K. , Haynes Justin R. , Ganji Sandeep K. , Nockowski Charles P. , Kovacs Zoltan , Pham Wellington , Morgan Victoria L. , Smith Seth A. , Thompson Reid C. , Omary Reed A. , Gore John C. , Choi Changho 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe need to detect and quantify brain lactate accurately by MRS has stimulated the development of editing sequences based on J coupling effects. In J‐difference editing of lactate, threonine can be co‐edited and it contaminates lactate estimates due to the spectral proximity of the coupling partners of their methyl protons. We therefore implemented narrow‐band editing 180° pulses (E180) in MEGA‐PRESS acquisitions to resolve separately the 1.3‐ppm resonances of lactate and threonine.MethodsTwo 45.3‐ms rectangular E180 pulses, which had negligible effects 0.15‐ppm away from the carrier frequency, were implemented in a MEGA‐PRESS sequence with TE 139 ms. Three acquisitions were designed to selectively edit lactate and threonine, in which the E180 pulses were tuned to 4.1 ppm, 4.25 ppm, and a frequency far off resonance. Editing performance was validated with numerical analyses and acquisitions from phantoms. The narrow‐band E180 MEGA and another MEGA‐PRESS sequence with broad‐band E180 pulses were evaluated in six healthy subjects.ResultsThe 45.3‐ms E180 MEGA offered a difference‐edited lactate signal with lower intensity and reduced contamination from threonine compared to the broad‐band E180 MEGA. The 45.3 ms E180 pulse had MEGA editing effects over a frequency range larger than seen in the singlet‐resonance inversion profile. Lactate and threonine in healthy brain were both estimated to be 0.4 ± 0.1 mM, with reference to N‐acetylaspartate at 12 mM.ConclusionNarrow‐band E180 MEGA editing minimizes threonine contamination of lactate spectra and may improve the ability to detect modest changes in lactate levels.
Co‐designing clinical trials alongside youth with chronic pain
Authors: Zaslawski Zina , Dib Katherine , Tsang Vivian W. L. , Orr Serena L. , Birnie Kathryn A. , Lowthian Trinity , Alidina Zahra , Chesick‐Gordis Melila , Kelly Lauren E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractYouth have a right to participate in research that will inform the care that they receive. Engagement with children and young people has been shown to improve rates of enrollment and retention in clinical trials as well as reduce research waste. The aim of the study is to gain practical insight on the design of trials specifically on (1) recruitment and retention preferences, (2) potential barriers to research, and (3) study design optimization. Based on this youth engagement, we will co‐design two clinical trials in headaches with youth. Two recruitment strategies were used to recruit 16 youth from across Canada (aged 15–18 years) from an existing youth group, the KidsCan Young Persons' Research Advisory Group (YPRAG) and a new youth group in collaboration with Solutions for Kids in Pain (SKIP). Four virtual, semi‐structured discussion groups were held between April and December 2020, which included pre‐circulated materials and utilized two distinct upcoming planned trials as examples for specific methods feedback. Individual engagement evaluations were completed following the final group session using the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool. Descriptive results were shared with participants prior to publication to ensure appropriate interpretation. The discussion was centred around three themes: recruitment and retention preferences, potential barriers to participation, and study design optimization. Youth indicated that they would prefer to be contacted for a potential study directly by their physician (not over social media), that they would like to develop rapport with study staff, and that one of the barriers to participation is the time commitment. The youth also provided feedback on the design of the clinical trial including outcome measurement tools, data collection, and engagement methods. Feedback on the virtual format of the engagement events indicated that participants appreciated the ease of the online discussion and that the open‐ended discussion allowed for easy exchange of ideas. They felt that despite a gender imbalance (towards females) it was an overall inclusive environment. All participants reported believing that their engagement will make a difference to the work of the research team in designing the clinical trials. Perspectives from a diverse group of youth meaningfully improved the design and conduct of two clinical trials for headaches in children. This study provides a framework for future researchers to engage youth in the co‐design of clinical trials using online engagement sessions.
Recognizing the need for standardized training for community health workers (CHWs)
Authors: Kalluru Shilpa , Pearson Ayala Savannah , Peters Dana , Zarcadoolas Christina , Shirazian Taraneh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite global improvements in maternal health, disparities in maternal mortality rates in the United States have worsened in recent years. Community health workers (CHWs) as maternal health educators have previously been studied in low‐ and middle‐income countries, however their use in the United States has been limited.MethodologyTo address the ongoing disparities in maternal mortality, we conducted a mixed methods pilot study consisting of discussion groups and a written survey with CHWs in two boroughs in NYC. The study's goal was to identify and explore CHW professional training, their daily tasks, and roles as well as their insights and perspectives regarding the needs of their pregnant clients.ResultsEighteen CHWs participated in the discussion groups and 11 participated in the survey. Participants were predominantly Black and/or Latina. Key themes were very consistent across group discussion and survey data. Major themes were a lack of standardized training for CHWs on basic maternal health topics, the existence of racism and bias in the provision of care for Black and other minority individuals, along with pregnant peoples’ needs for support to better advocate to overcome systemic barriers.ConclusionThis study suggests that targeted maternal health training of CHWs is needed to better enable them to identify pregnancy risks and advance health literacy and promote self‐advocacy among their pregnant clients. This will ultimately yield a more effective CHW workforce and better health outcomes for pregnant people.
Increased simulated precipitation frequency promotes greenhouse gas fluxes from the soils of seasonal fallow croplands
Authors: Chen Kang‐Hua , Wen Shuhai , Zhang Wen , Feng Jiao , Liu Yu‐Rong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionFarmlands are key sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are susceptible to changes in precipitation regimes. The soils of seasonal fallow contribute approximately half of annual GHG emissions from farmlands, but the effect of precipitation frequency on soil GHG emissions from seasonal fallow croplands remains virtually unknown.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a microcosm study to evaluate the response of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from typical paddy and upland soils to the changes in watering frequency simulating precipitation scenarios of subtropical regions during seasonal fallow. We also analyzed changes of soil properties and biotic characteristics associated with GHG emissions, including abundances of soil denitrifiers (nirK, nirS, nosZI and nosZII genes), methanotrophs (pmoA gene) and methanogens (mcrA gene) to altered watering frequency.ResultsIncreased watering frequency led to overall increases in soil N2O and CO2 fluxes compared with low frequency. Compared with low frequency, high watering frequency decreased CH4 flux from the paddy soil by 3.5 times, while enhanced CH4 flux from the upland soil by 60%. Furthermore, the increased watering frequency had positive effects on cumulative N2O and CO2 fluxes from the upland soil, whereas no similar trend was observed for the paddy soil. Hierarchical partitioning analyses showed that N2O fluxes from the paddy soil were mostly related to nitrogen availability, and mcrA gene abundance had more than 90% of relative independent effects on CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the paddy soil. For the upland soil, nosZ (60.34%), pmoA (53.18%) and nir (47.07%) gene abundances were important predictors of N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes, respectively.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that increased watering frequency facilitates GHG emissions by changing soil properties and functional gene abundances. These findings provide new insights into GHG fluxes from seasonal fallow croplands in response to altered precipitation patterns.
High Areal Capacity, Long Cycle Life Li–Air Batteries Enabled by Nano/Micro Hierarchical Porous Cathode
Authors: Yao Chongyan , Lei Xiaofeng , Ma Chao , Zhang Qingxu , Liu Xizheng , Ding Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe limited cycle life of Li–air batteries (LABs) with high areal capacity remains the chief challenge that hinders their practical applications. Here, the study proposes a hierarchical porous electrode (HPE) design strategy, in which porous MnO nanoflowers are built into mesopore/macropore electrodes through a combination of chemical dealloying and physical de‐templating procedures. The MnO nanoflowers with 10–30 nm pore provides active sites to catalyze the O2 reduction and decomposition of discharged products. The 5–10 µm macroscopic pores in the cathode serve as channels of O2 transportation and facilitate the electrolyte permeation. The proposed HPE exhibits a full discharge capacity of 17.49 mAh cm−2 and stable cycle life >2000 h with a limited capacity of 6 mAh cm−2. These results suggest that the HPE design strategy for LABs can simultaneously provide large capacity and robust cycle life, which is promising for advanced metal–air batteries.
Multilevel intergroup conflict at the core of climate (in)justice: Psychological challenges and ways forward
Authors: Majumdar Rohini , Weber Elke U. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough developed countries have been historically responsible for causing climate change, developing countries are more vulnerable to its current and future effects and being asked to commit to levels of climate action that exceed their responsibilities and capabilities. Climate change exacerbates existing social inequities by disproportionately impacting certain groups (including women, racial minorities, and the poor) more than others. Powerful institutions such as the government and the academy have a responsibility to alter this course and advance climate justice but are themselves marred by inequities. Given these disparities, the question of how the burden of climate change mitigation should be justly distributed amongst stakeholders is of paramount importance to international and domestic climate negotiations. Insights from the social identity and group processes literatures explain how experiences of inequity along geographical and sociodemographic dimensions generate identities and groups. As group members, people are sensitive to threats to the ingroup, experience collective emotions on behalf of the group, and differentially apply morality to in‐ versus outgroups. Members are also incentivized to protect and further their group's interests relative to outgroups. Social psychology offers some promising avenues of research for potential solutions to mitigate the multilevel intergroup conflict posing as a barrier to climate justice. Climate governance recommendations to policymakers and negotiators include incentivizing integrative solutions and fully considering the justice implications of climate policy. Climate scholars are encouraged to pursue interdisciplinary collaborations, improve diversity within the academy and in research samples, and prioritize climate adaptation in developing contexts.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
Addressing Needs of Foreign Schoolchildren to Combat a Global Epidemic of Dengue Virus Infection: Transnational and Trans-Sectoral Initiatives
Authors: Yoshikawa Minako Jen , Hamada Atsuo , Liew Christina 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis study highlights the demand for conducting outreach to foreign demographics in countries affected by infectious diseases. The increasing global burdenof mosquito-borne Dengue virusinfection suggests that local health education efforts need to include the population’s foreign segments. Communicating information in their mother tongue and empowering them with knowledge of local diseases and preventive measures is essential when foreign residents cannot fully understand the local language(s). This paper presents an example of transnational and trans-sectoral initiatives in anti-dengue education, which involved 1,105 Japanese schoolchildren in Singapore. Paying attention to cross-cultural, language, and other elements, an academic from a university, a medical doctor from Japan, and a medical entomologist from a Singapore governmental agency collaborated. Lessons included the importance of building capacity among schoolteachers in order to engage schoolchildren. Conducting outreach to foreign residents will be increasingly important when a new technology is introduced as a preventive measure or when scientific evidence must be communicated to combat a global epidemic. Otherwise, key messages might remain unnoticed and ineffective in motivating people to take necessary action. Transnational and trans-sectoral collaboration could be a solution to sustain outreach efforts for public health.
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