bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise rehabilitation to treat sarcopenia in pediatric transplant populations
Authors: Hager Amber , Guo Yuxin , Wang Yiqi , Mazurak Vera , Gilmour Susan M. , Mager Diana R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn adult transplant (Tx) populations, exercise rehabilitation strategies may improve sarcopenia components (muscle mass [MM], strength [MS], and physical performance [PP]). Limited data are available regarding exercise rehabilitation therapy in pediatric Tx populations.MethodsThe purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the feasibility and impact of exercise programs (EP) that include resistance exercise (RE) on markers of sarcopenia in pediatric Tx populations. Literature searches in SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE were conducted to identify studies applying EP with a RE component in pediatric populations in the Tx setting.ResultsTwelve articles (2008–2022) met inclusion criteria. The exercise interventions varied in length (3 weeks–12 months), intensity (low to moderate), time pre/post Tx (0 days‐5 years post Tx), age of participants (3–18 years), adherence (63%–94%), and methodologies to measure components of sarcopenia. No studies measured all three components of sarcopenia concurrently. Approximately, 60% of studies found positive effects on MS and PP. Only one pediatric study measured body composition, therefore, the effect of exercise programs with RE components on MM is unknown.ConclusionsExercise programs may be a beneficial treatment for sarcopenia in Tx populations, particularly in components of MS and PP. Studies measuring all three aspects of sarcopenia together in response to RE training in pediatrics remains an important gap. Studies that include body composition measurements in response to exercise are needed. Special considerations for the development of RE programs in pediatrics Tx populations are safety, supervision, engagement through family/peer involvement and incorporation of game/play‐based elements.
Factors of early COVID‐19 prevention policy engagement in France and in the United States
Authors: Lauby Fanny , McKinley Christopher J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article highlights the factors that shape the public's early engagement with preventative health policies in the United States and in France. Our analysis explores the role that ideology and cultural worldviews play in shaping individuals' engagement with COVID‐19 early preventative measures such as mask wearing, stay‐at‐home orders, and vaccine intentions. We find that conservative ideology has an indirect effect on engagement in preventative behaviors through conspiracy theory beliefs in both countries. In addition, building on literature that links cultural worldviews and a wide array of public policies (vaccination campaigns, environmental measures), we find that individuals who have more individualistic and hierarchic worldviews are also less likely to engage in preventative behaviors or plan to get vaccinated. Understanding the public response to early preventative measures is essential to preparing for future health crises, as long‐term health responses such as vaccinations may take months or years to be deployed.Related ArticlesRichey, Sean. 2017. “A Birther and a Truther: The Influence of the Authoritarian Personality on Conspiracy Beliefs.” Politics & Policy 45(3): 465–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12206.Tyner, Katie, and Farida Jalalzai. 2022. “Women Prime Ministers and COVID‐19: Within‐Case Examinations of New Zealand and Iceland.” Politics & Policy 50(6): 1076–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12511.Vince, Joanna. 2022. “A Creeping Crisis When an Urgent Crisis Arises: The Reprioritization of Plastic Pollution Issues during COVID‐19.” Politics & Policy 51(1): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12512.
Impact of COVID‐19 on long‐term lung function in lung transplant recipients: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Touilloux Brice , Papadimitriou‐Olivgeris Matthaios , Bongard Cédric , Mansouri Nahal , Ioakeim Foteini , Manuel Oriol , Koutsokera Angela , Aubert John‐David , Casutt Alessio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAvailable data are limited concerning long‐term lung function (LF) evolution after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in lung transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on long‐term LF in LT recipients. We analyzed spirometry results of LT recipients followed at our institution (March 2020 to July 2022) at 3, 6, and 12 months after first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Overall, 42 LT patients of our cohort (70%) with COVID‐19 were included for long‐term LF analysis. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) declined significantly at 3 months (−4.5%, −97 mL, 95% CI [−163; −31], p < .01), but not at 6 and 12 months (−3.9%, −65 mL, 95% CI [−168; +39], p = .21). Results were quite similar for the forced vital capacity. Spirometry values declined significantly at 3 months after COVID‐19 in LT recipients, presented a mixed decline at 6 months, and no significant decline at 12 months.
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Service offshoring and its impacts on wages: An occupation‐oriented analysis of Germany
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Ngo Ngoc Tuyet 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternational trade in services has increased significantly in recent decades, mainly due to innovations in information and communication technology. This development has also increased the importance of service offshoring, as companies spread their production processes across several countries. This paper examines the intensity of offshoring of specific tasks of occupations, which in turn leads to higher imports, and explores the impact of such substitution on wages in the home economy. We use micro‐level data from the Occupational Information Network and the Socio‐Economic Panel in Germany and draw on the OECD's Input–Output Database. In total, we used data from about 62,000 person‐years in 45 industries in Germany during 2014–2018. A particular focus of our study is on the interaction between service offshoring and the tradability as well as skill levels of workers. Our main findings suggest that service offshoring itself exerts downward pressure on workers' wages. This effect is amplified by the degree of tradability of the occupations.
Research on missed nursing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Zabaleta‐Del‐Olmo Edurne , Santesmases‐Masana Rosalía , Martín‐Payo Rubén , Romero‐Collado Àngel , Zamora‐Sánchez Juan‐José , Urpí‐Fernández Ana‐María , Gonzalez‐Del‐Rio Marina , Lumillo‐Gutiérrez Iris , Sastre‐Rus Meritxell , Jodar‐Fernández Lina , Hernández‐Martínez‐Esparza Elvira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMissed nursing care is defined as care that is delayed, partially completed, or not completed at all. The scenario created by the COVID‐19 pandemic may have influenced multifactorial determinants related to the care environment, nursing processes, internal processes, and decision‐making processes, increasing missed nursing care.AimThis scoping review aimed to establish the quantity and type of research undertaken on missed nursing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, two national and regional databases, two dissertations and theses databases, a gray literature database, two study registers, and a search engine from November 1, 2019, to March 23, 2023. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies carried out in all healthcare settings that examined missed nursing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Language restrictions were not applied. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Disagreements between the reviewers were resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer.ResultsWe included 25 studies with different designs, the most common being acute care cross‐sectional survey designs. Studies focused on determining the frequency and reasons for missed nursing care and its influence on nurses and organizational outcomes.Linking Evidence to ActionMissed nursing care studies during the COVID‐19 pandemic were essentially nurses‐based prevalence surveys. There is an urgent need to advance the design and development of longitudinal and intervention studies, as well as to broaden the focus of research beyond acute care. Further research is needed to determine the impact of missed nursing care on nursing‐sensitive outcomes and from the patient's perspective.
Effectiveness of school-based sleep promotion programs in adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Duque Filipa Margarida , Santos Diana , Pinto Daniela , da Silva Rêgo Anderson , Vidinha Telma , Cardoso Daniela , Cardoso Ana Filipa , Veríssimo Cristina , Rodrigues Rogério 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
This systematic review will assess the effectiveness of school-based sleep promotion programs on sleep knowledge, hygiene, quality, behavior, and efficiency in adolescents.

Introduction:
Adolescents need to sleep between 8 to 10 hours per night; however, most sleep fewer hours due to peer and school pressure, stress, and excessive use of electronic devices at night. Sleep deprivation can lead to cardiovascular problems, issues with stress management, and suicidal ideation. Schools are an ideal space to implement intervention programs, providing the opportunity to reach a large number of adolescents. Considering the negative impacts of poor sleep, it is essential to assess the effectiveness of school-based sleep promotion programs on sleep knowledge, hygiene, quality, behavior, and efficiency.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies with adolescents (10–19 years old), exposed to school-based sleep promotion programs, will be included. Studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese will be considered, with no time limits.

Methods:
Nine databases, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ERIC (all via EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus, will be searched from inception to identify relevant studies. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, critical appraisal using JBI tools, and data extraction. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the standard χ2 and I
2 tests. Statistical analyses will be performed using the random effects model. If less than 5 studies are included, the fixed effects model will be used. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to grade the certainty of evidence and a Summary of Findings will be created.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42023374838
Commonalities and differences in carotid body dysfunction in hypertension and heart failure
Authors: Felippe Igor S. A. , Río Rodrigo Del , Schultz Harold , Machado Benedito H. , Paton Julian F. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarotid body pathophysiology is associated with many cardiovascular–respiratory–metabolic diseases. This pathophysiology reflects both hyper‐sensitivity and hyper‐tonicity. From both animal models and human patients, evidence indicates that amelioration of this pathophysiological signalling improves disease states such as a lowering of blood pressure in hypertension, a reduction of breathing disturbances with improved cardiac function in heart failure (HF) and a re‐balancing of autonomic activity with lowered sympathetic discharge. Given this, we have reviewed the mechanisms of carotid body hyper‐sensitivity and hyper‐tonicity across disease models asking whether there is uniqueness related to specific disease states. Our analysis indicates some commonalities and some potential differences, although not all mechanisms have been fully explored across all disease models. One potential commonality is that of hypoperfusion of the carotid body across hypertension and HF, where the excessive sympathetic drive may reduce blood flow in both models and, in addition, lowered cardiac output in HF may potentiate the hypoperfusion state of the carotid body. Other mechanisms are explored that focus on neurotransmitter and signalling pathways intrinsic to the carotid body (e.g. ATP, carbon monoxide) as well as extrinsic molecules carried in the blood (e.g. leptin); there are also transcription factors found in the carotid body endothelium that modulate its activity (Krüppel‐like factor 2). The evidence to date fully supports that a better understanding of the mechanisms of carotid body pathophysiology is a fruitful strategy for informing potential new treatment strategies for many cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases, and this is highly relevant clinically.
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Thermochemical Conversion of Cow Manure With Different Heating Rates
Authors: Selim Osama M. , Maache Mohamed , Kada Cheikh , Kumano Hiroyuki , Amano Ryoichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The lack of efficient and viable pathways for manure management and disposal in various animal waste sectors has led to growing concerns about GHG emissions and increased nutrient levels in water bodies, resulting in ecological damage and health concerns. In response, we have investigated the different thermochemical conversion techniques of cow manure at eight different heating rates (5–40°C/min) to obtain optimum operating conditions to keep the reaction self-sustainable, stable, and fast compared to the anaerobic digestion that is slow, resulting in significant carbon loss to CO2 and possible leaching.
Development of an Optimal Nitric Oxide Reduction System via Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Willsey Aliza M. , Welles Thomas S. , Ahn Jeongmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The need for sustainable energy systems is increasing, as non-renewable energy sources are depleting and poor air quality is a health risk to the population. The automotive industry is responsible for a significant amount of dangerous emissions due to the use of internal combustion engines. Although the use of electric and hybrid vehicles is on the rise, many manufacturers are continuing to make vehicles with internal combustion engines. Rather than try to replace all current internal combustion vehicles with electric vehicles, we can shift our focus to cleaning the exhaust from combustion engines. However, current methods of cleaning exhaust, such as precious group metal catalytic converters and lean nitrogen oxide traps, face operational constraints: catalytic converters require stoichiometric conditions for maximized performance, and lean nitrogen oxide traps have a limit on storage capacity. Therefore, there is a need for more efficient exhaust cleaning technologies that are operational across all operational conditions. This work continues the investigation of the use of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as a membrane for breaking down nitric oxide (NO). NO is an especially dangerous combustion by-product, so constructing an exhaust cleaning system that is able to reduce the maximum amount of NO is imperative to the health of the population and the environment. To do so, we must closely study the operation of the SOFC, and how changes in test conditions affect the fuel cell’s performance.
Audio-Based Classification of Swirl Combustion Regimes Using Deep Learning
Authors: Roy Rishi , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Deep learning-based prediction of combustion reaction is of growing interest in combustion research community. Such predictions have potential to detect the onset of different combustion regimes and early predictions combustion instability during gas turbine operation. Advanced artificial intelligence-based combustion control system is conceptualized with audio feature-based recognition of swirl distributed combustion at 5.72 MW/m3-atm heat release intensity and at equivalence ratio (ϕ) 0.9. The main focus is to classify conventional swirl combustion from low oxygen diluted reaction zones leading to distributed combustion regime with methane fuel. Previous studies in this line of interest were performed at the Combustion Laboratory (University of Maryland) to classify swirl air combustion and distributed combustion using convolutional neural network (CNN) based on image features (flame shape, chemiluminescence intensity, and standoff height). However, images may not solely help to classify combustion regimes due to highly complex, non-linear dynamics, and geometrical dependence of combustion systems. Hence, an audio-based CNN is conceptualized in this research to examine capability of the deep-learning prediction framework. Model training was performed with acoustic signals at dilution levels of CO2 ∼ 79, 81, 82, 84% while testing was performed with CO2 ∼ 83 and 80%. Model optimization was considered with different epochs numbers of 20, 50, and 100. The trained model recognized new swirl flames at CO2 levels 80 and 83% well using acoustic signatures based on shape of signal pattern and amplitude of signal.
Application of the Microbiology Concept Inventory to improve programmatic curriculum
Authors: Rennpferd Macy J. L. , Schroeder Madeline V. , Nguyen Jonathan J. , Lund-Peterson Marley A. , Lancaster Onora , Condry Danielle L. Jessen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe Microbiology Concept Inventory is an assessment tool derived from the fundamental statements created by the American Society for Microbiology. This two-tier, multiple-choice question inventory requires students to choose the most correct answer for each question and provide a brief justification of their reasoning. Educators can utilize this tool to identify common misconceptions held by students and adjust curriculum to address and prevent the persistence of student misconceptions. Over the course of 5 years, the Microbiology Concept Inventory was annually administered to undergraduate students enrolled in entry-level, mid-level, and senior capstone microbiology courses at a mid-western rural university. Analysis was completed to compare course, year, majors and minors, gender, ethnicity, and cumulative GPA. Results of this study showed a significant difference in Microbiology Concept Inventory scores between students with high cumulative GPAs (3.5–4.0) and students with comparatively lower cumulative GPAs (2.5–2.99, 3.0–3.49). Results between the other demographic categories revealed statistically different scores in favor of white students, but no differences in scores between genders. The results suggest evidence of ethnic bias, but no gender bias as measured by the Microbiology Concept Inventory. Additionally, significant differences in scores across cohorts are indicative of improvements in the curricula due to prior targeted changes. Analysis of concept inventory results can guide curriculum changes for course instructors. Implementation of curriculum changes can enrich students’ academic success.
Risk factors for microbiological persistence after 6 months of treatment for
Mycobacterium intracellulare
and its impact on the drug-resistance profile
Authors: Luo Xuejiao , Zheng Xubin , Fang Yong , Yu Fangyou , Cui Haiyan , Sun Qin , Sha Wei 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Patients with
Mycobacterium intracellulare
pulmonary disease are more likely to experience poor treatment outcomes if they have been observed with microbiological persistence after 6 months of treatment. This study aims to identify the risk factors for microbiological persistence and describe the changes in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during antimycobacterial treatment. This retrospective case-control study enrolled patients diagnosed with
M. intracellulare
pulmonary disease between April 2017 and September 2021 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. Patients with positive cultures after 6 months of treatment (positive group) were matched by age and sex in a 1:1 ratio to patients with negative conversion (negative group). Totally, 46 pairs of patients were analyzed. Risk factors for microbiological persistence at month 6 were smoking, previous tuberculosis treatment, chronic lung diseases, a positive baseline acid-fast bacilli smear, and adverse drug reactions; the risk was reduced by a regimen containing ethambutol, ≥3 effective drugs, and a higher pre-treatment absolute lymphocyte count. Regarding the drug-resistance profile, the negative group had a higher proportion of susceptibility to clarithromycin (100.0% vs 84.8%,
P
= 0.012). Most isolates were susceptible or intermediate to amikacin in both groups (93.5% and 84.8%, respectively). Nine patients (16.4%, 9/55) had a change in the drug-resistance profile, including four who changed from clarithromycin susceptible to clarithromycin resistant, and the other three reversed. Two pairs of isolates had a change in resistance to amikacin. In conclusion, risk factors for microbiological persistence were identified, and the change in MIC values during antimycobacterial treatment indicated the need for monitoring to enable timely adjustment of the regimen.

IMPORTANCE

Nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has been recognized as an important public health issue because of its increasing incidence globally, low cure rate, and high recurrence rate. NTM-PD has innate resistance to many first-line anti-tuberculous drugs, which limits the treatment options.
Mycobacterium intracellulare
is reportedly the most important pathogenic NTM and accounts for the highest proportion of NTM-PD in China. A previous study suggested that poor microbiological response after 6 months of treatment is predictive of treatment failure. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with persistent positive sputum cultures by treatment month 6 in patients with
M. intracellulare
pulmonary disease and the variation in minimum inhibitory concentration patterns in clinical settings. This information might help to identify patients at higher risk of treatment failure and enable the timely provision of necessary interventions.