bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High fidelity simulations of contaminant dispersion in an urban environment with comparison to magnetic resonance imaging measurements
Authors: Owkes Mark , Homan Ty , Benson Michael , Banko Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dispersion of a contaminant in an urban environment has the potential to impact a large population of people. In this work, a complex urban canopy flow based on the Oklahoma City downtown business district circa 2003 is studied using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (LES). MRI is a novel experimental technique that can provide high-resolution measurements in four dimensions (three spatial and temporal) for lab scale models. The experiments and simulations use the same geometry and boundary conditions providing a one-to-one comparison of the two methods. Results are presented on the time-averaged velocity and concentration fields, the temporal dynamics of the concentration plumes for a transient release, and a novel Cloud Identification Algorithm that can separate plumes produced by periodic contaminant releases used for ensemble averaging over many releases. The MRI and LES datasets both include millions of measurement voxels and the comparisons highlight the complex 3D nature of the flow including strong vertical velocities in spanwise street canyons and flow acceleration in streamwise street canyons. The concentration fields are qualitatively similar albeit the LES shows larger dispersion. A quantitative analysis with performance measures compares the datasets pointwise and demonstrates that the two 3D datasets are similar with respect to many measures including a fractional bias of 0.02 (ideal=0.0), correlation coefficient of 0.87 (ideal = 1.0), and the fraction points within a factor of 2 is 0.98 (ideal = 1.0). Plume analysis compares the arrival and residence time of contaminant and is found to vary significantly with location within the urban environment with arrival times between 0 and 1.25 and differences within the contaminant cloud less than 10% at most locations.
Amalur EIS: a system for calculating the environmental impacts of industrial sites from E-PRTR records
Authors: Sasia Iñaki , Bueno Gorka , Etxano Iker 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents Amalur EIS (https://www.amalur-eis.eus/), an Environmental Information System that estimates environmental impacts using data sourced from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database (E-PRTR). The system uses data on the releases into land, air and water of 31,556 European industrial facilities for the period 2007–2021. Amalur EIS calculates environmental impacts of industrial releases using 31 life cycle impact assessment methods (LCIA) and covering 78 of the 91 pollutants regulated by the PRTR Protocol. The system has been constructed using a two-layer software infrastructure: (i) a data layer supported by a relational database built in Postgres and (ii) a presentation layer built in Tableau, so it provides user-friendly access to the information. For an illustrative analysis of the tool, the EF 3.0 LCIA method recommended by the European Commission was used, including normalisation and weighting steps for a better comparison. The analysis concludes that the climate change impact category contributes the most (68.6%) to the total impacts, while the largest contributor from an economic activity perspective is the energy sector (59.5%). Geographically, both elements coincide in the German regions of Düsseldorf, Köln and Brandenburg, resulting in the concentration of the largest impacts at the European regional level. In fact, Germany is the country with the highest impact (20.3% of total). Beyond this analysis, Amalur EIS is poised to be a valuable tool for tracking the transition towards sustainability, particularly in Europe.
A Probabilistic Liquefaction Hazard Analysis: Case Studies from the Marmara Region
Authors: Sianko Ilya , Ozdemir Zuhal , Hajirasouliha Iman , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEarthquake induced soil liquefaction poses a significant threat to buildings and infrastructure, as evidenced by numerous catastrophic seismic events. Existing approaches of regional liquefaction hazard assessment predominantly rely on deterministic analysis methods. This paper presents a novel Probabilistic Liquefaction Hazard Analysis (PLHA) framework based on Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations to mitigate future seismic risks associated with liquefaction. The proposed procedure requires only publicly available data, offering accessibility and applicability in resource-constrained settings. A key feature of the procedure is its ability to deal with uncertainties in earthquake and soil parameters using distribution functions. Liquefaction potential is assessed through parameters such as Liquefaction Potential Index ($$LPI$$

LPI

) and Liquefaction Severity ($${L}_{S}$$

L
S

). The procedure is implemented in MATLAB as part of a broader probabilistic risk assessment framework for developing countries. The developed procedure is applied to the high risk city of Adapazari, Türkiye; an area lacking prior PLHA studies. Results are validated against observed liquefaction data from a simulated scenario event of the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Probabilistic liquefaction hazard maps are generated for the study area and the entire Marmara region in terms of $$LPI$$

LPI

and $${L}_{S}$$

L
S

. A novel aspect of this work is the integration of a time-dependent Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) model into the PLHA framework. Results are compared with those predicted using the Poisson model for the Marmara region. Findings demonstrate that the developed PLHA procedure offers a robust and flexible tool for predicting seismic liquefaction hazards, providing valuable insights for loss estimation and risk mitigation planning.
Implementation Methods for Transmission Zeros in Groove Gap Waveguide Filters at W-Band
Authors: Miek Daniel , Boe Patrick , Kamrath Fynn , Höft Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, three groove gap waveguide (GGW) filters are presented, which utilize different techniques to create transmission zeros (TZs) in the W-band. First, a fourth-order filter with cross-coupling of non-adjacent cavities realizes five TZs. The filter is implemented using a stacked cavity approach, which simplifies the realization of cross-couplings with positive and negative signs. The source to load cross-coupling realizes one TZ more than predicted from theory. In the second filter, two off-centered posts with partial height are used to realize two TZs. These posts act as strongly frequency-dependent coupling elements and enable the realization of TZs in an inline filter topology. An interdigital-pin implementation has been used since otherwise, the distance between the posts and the sidewalls is too small to allow manufacturing using the Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) milling approach. The third filter is of fourth order and implements two TZs by using a stub-loaded cavity approach. All filters are designed as a proof of concept in the W-band (75–110 GHz) to verify the manufacturability at high-frequency bands. The manufactured components are realized by high-precision CNC milling and measurement results show good agreement with the simulation for all proposed filters.
Beach user competencies in rip current identification using videos and photographs on a New Zealand surf beach
Authors: Irvine Rachel , Stephenson Wayne , Mager Sarah M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The risk exposure to rip currents may be reduced by increasing beach users’ ability to effectively identify the presence of rips. Static photographs have been widely used to assess and improve beach users’ identification ability, however this has not led to an overall increase in skill. This pilot study assesses the public’s knowledge of rip currents using two different media types and whether static or moving images make it more (or less) easier to identify rips. A questionnaire was used to assess the rip current identification ability of respondents while at the beach. Short video clips (15-seconds) were found to be no more effective for the identification of rips than photographs, and 50% of respondents were not able to identify rips in either photographs or videos, although some sub-populations of respondents, (those who regularly use rips in surfing activities or those with previous rip education), were slightly better at rip identification. Methodologies that test beach users rip identification competencies may benefit from using a mixture of media to discern rip identification ability more effectively, as confirmation bias may be present in small samples.
Optical parameters and shielding attitude of sodium fluoride in calcium-borate glasses
Authors: Khalil E. , El-Damrawi G. , Abdelghany A. M. , Ramadan R. M. , Moustafa Y. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Borate glasses with compositions xCaO-(30-x)NaF-70B2O3 (x = 0–30 mol%, step 5) were synthesized and characterized to investigate the effects of partially substituting NaF with CaO on radiation shielding ability and optical properties. Density, molar volume, packing density, and free volume were measured and calculated. UV–visible spectroscopy was utilized to determine the optical bandgap and other correlated physical parameters. Moreover, different shielding parameters were evaluated using Phy-X simulation software. From data analyses, it was found that increasing CaO content transformed BO3 to BO4 structural units in the borate glass network, keeping the optical bandgap values between 3.76 and 3.55 eV. In addition, the refractive index varied from 2.32 to 2.4, while molar refractivity and Urbach energy were slightly increased with composition. Moreover, the replacement of NaF by CaO enhanced photon interaction cross-sections, reducing the mean free path and half-value layer. The work demonstrated that controlled additions of an intermediate oxide like CaO can tailor the radiation shielding and optical characteristics of borate glasses for potential applications as transparent radiation shielding materials.
Optimization of the phase demodulation algorithms for investigating the optical properties of the polymer fibre during mechanical deformations interferometrically
Authors: El-Omda N. H. , Sokkar T. Z. N. , El-Bakary M. A. , Ali A. M. , Omar E. Z. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mechanical deformations in polymer fibres play an essential role for understanding the mechanism of fracture in this material. These deformations were examined interferometrically. The optical phase map of the deformed fibres has the key information about their structural features. So, the main core of this paper is to find an optimal algorithm for analyzing the interference fringe patterns of deformed fibres and demodulating their phase maps. For performing this task, two beam interference patterns for crazed and fractured polypropylene (PP) fibres were captured using the non-duplicated Pluta interference microscope. The phase map for each deformation demodulated using the spatial carrier frequency, the one- dimensional continuous wavelet transform (1D CWT) and the phase shifting fringe pattern analysis algorithms. The performance of each algorithm for finding the optimal phase map was evaluated using the contour line method. A refined method for calculating the areal craze density of a crazed pattern is presented. Based on the optimal extracted phase values of PP fibre for each type of deformation, the 3D birefringence values were calculated.
Evaluation of gamification as a tool for open access publishing among researchers: insights from a conjoint analysis
Authors: Mazarakis Athanasios , Bräuer Paula , Dorsch Isabelle 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe recent developments in the scientific system have been characterized by an increasing openness, with open access (OA) publishing emerging as a central principle. OA represents an alternative model for publishing research articles, diverging from the traditional subscription-based model. While positive developments have been observed, obstacles for OA remain, including elevated publication costs and the imperative to publish at the highest level in the scholarly community with a significant impact. To overcome these obstacles, it may be beneficial to consider using non-monetary incentives, such as gamification, to promote OA publishing. To address this challenge, an experimental study employing a conjoint analysis has been conducted to investigate the impact of various gamification options on researchers' publishing behavior. The study utilized a sample of N = 356 subjects. The results demonstrate that the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a dominant criterion for determining where to publish. However, gamification, particularly in the form of badges associated with an article, can also significantly influence journal selection and support OA. Additionally, qualitative data was collected to identify other factors influencing the choice of a journal for OA from the perspective of the participating researchers in the experiment.
Managerial factors affecting milking-abilities of Holstein cattle under intensive production system in Egypt
Authors: Faid-Allah E. , Mourad Reem S. , Saddick E. I. , Eldahshan E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article aims to explore milking-ability criteria of Holstein dairy cattle under intensive production system in Egypt and investigate some managerial factors that influence them in dairy farms. The data obtained from five herds belong to a commercial intensive production system farm, Egypt. Data included 3509 records. The values of mean ± SD (CV%) of the milking-ability criteria for Holstein dairy cattle as follow: daily milk yield, kg (dmy), milking duration, min (MD), peak flow rate, kg min−1 (PFR), average flow rate, kg min−1 (AFR), AFR0:15 s of milking, AFR15:30 s of milking, AFR30:60 s of milking, and AFR60:120 s of milking were 30.34 ± 6.76 kg, (22.27%); 4.16 ± 0.79 min (19.06%); 3.62 ± 0.79 (21.77%); 0.28 ± 0.11 (39.48%); 1.40 ± 0.49 (36.37%); 1.26 ± 0.50 (39.95%); and 1.96 ± 0.71 (36.05%), kg min−1, respectively. The milking-time (a.m./p.m.) and the herds’ men influenced significantly (P ≤ 0.01) on dMY, and milking-ability criteria. In addition, there was a significant effect (P˃0.05) of cows’ dry-period on dMY, MD, PFR and AFR. Also, it was clearly appearing that there was a dramatic significant decrease in daily milk yield and AFR by increase mastitis infection times. Milking-ability criteria in Holstien cattle may be go better via good management, hygiene, and well-trained herds’ men. The cubic models are higher in determination coefficient (p ≤ 0.05) than linear models for the curve estimates through the time of lactation period for studied traits. The curve of milk yield and milking-abilities were inconstant all over lactation period.
Immunometabolic Changes Following Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rivera-Carranza Tania , Azaola-Espinosa Alejandro , Bojalil-Parra Rafael , Zúñiga-León Eduardo , León-Téllez-Girón Angélica , Rojano-Rodríguez Martín E. , Nájera-Medina Oralia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Immunometabolism is the interaction between immune system and nutrient metabolism. Severe obesity is considered a state of meta-inflammation associated with obesity that influences the development of chronic-degenerative diseases.

Objective
We aimed to establish the immunometabolic differences in bariatric patients and to determine whether cellular immunity is associated with metabolic changes.

Methodology
We conducted an observational study in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). We explored the differences in the immunometabolic profile before and after surgery in the study group, by surgical technique, and we evaluated the changes in immunological variables as a function of metabolic variables with correlation analysis.

Results
The follow-up rate was 88.7%. After the intervention, there were changes in cellular immunity, with a decrease in effector T lymphocytes (CD8+CD28−) and an increase in B lymphocytes, memory helper T cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. LSG resulted in a greater decrease in (CD4+CD62−) T lymphocytes compared with LRYGB. Patients who underwent surgery with LRYGB presented greater clinical and metabolic improvements, as well as improvement of obesity-associated medical problems. Women who underwent LRYGB showed a greater reduction in fat-free mass compared with women who underwent LSG.

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery, mainly LRYGB, leads to immunometabolic changes and improves associated medical problems.

Graphical Abstract
Early Reinitiation of Obesity Pharmacotherapy Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Youth: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vidmar Alaina P. , Vu My H. , Martin Matthew J. , Kim Aimee G. , Abel Stuart , Weitzner Madeleine , Muñoz Cynthia E. , Kim Ahlee , Samakar Kamran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for severe pediatric obesity, but a subset of youth experience suboptimal weight loss and/or recurrent weight gain. Early re-initiation of obesity pharmacotherapy postoperatively may improve outcomes, though this has not been evaluated in pediatric populations.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care children’s hospital evaluated the safety and efficacy of reintroducing obesity pharmacotherapy within six weeks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Youth were offered obesity pharmacotherapy reinitiation at their 2-week postoperative visit. The study compared outcomes between 25 youth who chose early obesity pharmacotherapy reinitiation and 21 who received standard care without restarting medication. Primary outcomes included weight trajectory, eating behaviors, complications, readmissions, and reoperation rates, analyzed using independent t-tests, Chi-squared tests, and logistic regressions.

Results
Between November 2023 and July 2024, 53 youth had surgical consults, and 46 (86% conversion rate; mean age 16.5 ± 1.9 years, mean BMI 53 ± 9.7 kg/m2; 70% (32/46) female, 80% (37/46) Hispanic, 87% (40/46) publicly insured) underwent LSG, with 93% (43/46) using obesity pharmacotherapy preoperatively. Mixed-effects multivariate regression, adjusting for baseline BMI, age, and sex, revealed that early reinitiation (5.1 weeks [IQR 3.7, 8.4]) significantly reduced BMI, percent BMI, percent total weight loss (TWL), and percent excess weight loss (EWL) at 3 and 6 months compared to standard care, with no significant differences in complications or readmissions. At 6 months, the mean differences were: %BMI: -6.5% (95% CI: -9.13, -3.86), p < 0.001; %TWL: -5.9% (95% CI: -8.52, -3.25), p < 0.001; %EWL: Reinitiators: -45.5% vs. standard care: -39.4%; mean difference: -8.2% (95% CI: -14.69, -1.63), p < 0.001. Early reinitiation also resulted in a significant reduction in emotional overeating at 3 and 6 months compared to standard care, with mean differences of -2.5 points (95% CI: -3.29, -1.76), p < 0.001, and -3.5 points (95% CI: -4.38, -2.69), p < 0.001, respectively on self-reported eating behavior questionnaires.

Conclusion
Early obesity pharmacotherapy reinitiation after LSG was safe and well tolerated, improving weight outcomes without negatively impacting complication or readmission rates.
The WHY in Business Processes: Discovery of Causal Execution Dependencies
Authors: Fournier Fabiana , Limonad Lior , Skarbovsky Inna , David Yuval 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Unraveling the causal relationships among the execution of process activities is a crucial element in predicting the consequences of process interventions and making informed decisions regarding process improvements. Process discovery algorithms exploit time precedence as their main source of model derivation. Hence, a causal view can supplement process discovery, being a new perspective in which relations reflect genuine cause-effect dependencies among the tasks. This calls for faithful new techniques to discover the causal execution dependencies among the tasks in the process. To this end, our work offers a systematic approach to the unveiling of the causal business process by leveraging an existing causal discovery algorithm over activity timing. In addition, this work delves into a set of conditions under which process mining discovery algorithms generate a model that is incongruent with the causal business process model, and shows how the latter model can be methodologically employed for a sound analysis of the process. Our methodology searches for such discrepancies between the two models in the context of three causal patterns, and derives a new view in which these inconsistencies are annotated over the mined process model. We demonstrate our methodology employing two open process mining algorithms, the IBM Process Mining tool, and the LiNGAM causal discovery technique. We apply it to a synthesized dataset and two open benchmark datasets.
Cross-Linked Poly(Styrene-Co-Divinylbenzene)-Coated Quartz and Kaolinite Proppants For Hydraulic Fracturing Applications
Authors: Akkuş Ihsan Nuri , Akinay Yuksel , Zengin Adem , Kazici Hilal Çelik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe hydraulic fracturing operation, used as a production process in shale gas and coalbed methane reservoirs in the oil and natural gas industry, consists of fracturing fluid, proppant, and many other chemicals. This study successfully produced hydraulic fracturing proppants based on quartz and kaolinite minerals using divinyl benzene cross-linked styrene polymer with an in situ suspension polymerization method. Morphological analysis of the prepared proppants confirmed their spherical structure and the sphericity of quartz and kaolinite proppants were determined as 0.9. The polymer shells of the prepared proppants showed thermal resistance up to 375 °C and then decomposed between 375 °C and 575 °C. As a result of mechanical tests, quartz proppants showed a crush resistance of 14.08% under a load of 18,000 psi. Similarly, a crush resistance of 14.28% for kaolinite proppants was determined under a load of 15,000 psi. The apparent densities of quartz and kaolinite proppants were determined as 1.635 g/cm3 and 1.365 g/cm3, respectively. However, quartz proppants mostly display brittle breakage behavior, while kaolinite proppants are plastically deformed under the applied load.