bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentence Length Effects on Intelligibility in Two Groups of Older Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Darling-White Meghan , Polkowitz Rachel 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sentence length on intelligibility in two groups of older children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.Method:Nine children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and eight children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS), between the ages of 8 and 17 years, repeated sentences varying in length from two to seven words. Three hundred forty adult listeners (20 listeners per child) provided orthographic transcriptions of children's speech, which were used to calculate intelligibility scores.Results:There was a significant main effect of sentence length on intelligibility for children with CP. Intelligibility significantly increased from two- and three-word sentences to four-, five-, and six-word sentences, then significantly decreased from four-, five-, and six-word sentences to seven-word sentences. There was a main effect of sentence length on intelligibility for children with DS. Intelligibility significantly increased from two-word sentences to four-, five-, and six-word sentences.Conclusions:The primary findings of this study include the following: (a) Unlike in typically developing children, sentence length continues to influence intelligibility well into adolescence for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, and (b) sentence length may influence intelligibility differently in children with CP than in children with DS; however, other factors besides the type of neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g., severity of speech motor involvement and/or cognitive–linguistic impairment) could play a role in the relationship between sentence length and intelligibility and must be investigated in future studies.
Multi‐rate event‐triggered control with imperfect data for dense medium separation
Authors: Dai Wei , Yang Yi‐Zhuo , Zhang Qi‐Rui , Yang Chun‐Yu , Ma Xiao‐Ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe stability control of suspension density is an important means to ensure the quality of fine coal in dense medium separation (DMS) process. This paper focuses on the tracking control issue of the dense medium suspension density in a non‐uniform sampling and networked control environment, and proposes a multi‐rate event trigger control design method. Firstly, lifting technique and multi‐rate identification method are adopted to establish the multi‐rate model. Secondly, a multi‐rate event‐triggered predictive control (MEPC) algorithm is proposed to reduce the waste of communication resources and ensure tracking performance. Furthermore, by using a Kalman filter to eliminate the effects of noise and developing a compensation mechanism to predict the lost data, a robust MEPC (RMEPC) algorithm is further proposed for imperfect data in the actual production process. Finally, the hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation experiments with actual parameters of coal preparation plant have been carried out, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Quantum protocol for decision making and verifying truthfulness among N‐quantum parties: Solution and extension of the quantum coin flipping game
Authors: Ikeda Kazuki , Lowe Adam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe authors devised a protocol that allows two parties, who may malfunction or intentionally convey incorrect information in communication through a quantum channel, to verify each other's measurements and agree on each other's results. This has particular relevance in a modified version of the quantum coin flipping game. The key innovation of the authors’ work includes the new design of a quantum coin that excludes any advantage of cheating, by which the long‐standing problem of the fair design of the game is, affirmatively, solved. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to N‐parties communicating with each other, where multiple solutions for the verification of each player's measurement is proposed. The results in the N‐party scenario could have particular relevance for the implementation of future quantum networks, where verification of quantum information is a necessity.
Analysis of outage performance in a 6G‐V2X communications system utilising free‐space optical quantum key distribution
Authors: Yuan Hu , Fowler Daniel S. , Maple Carsten , Epiphaniou Gregory 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantum‐based technologies will provide system engineers with new capabilities for securing data communications. The UK AirQKD project has implemented a Free‐Space Optical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system to enable the continuous generation of symmetric encryption keys. One of the use cases for the generated keys is to secure Vehicle‐to‐Everything (V2X) communications. V2X applications would benefit from the certificate‐free security provided by QKD for a post‐quantum society. How FSO‐QKD could integrate into a V2X architecture is examined. An overview of V2X is provided with the role that FSO‐QKD could secure V2X data though some obstacles exist. One of the issues with 6G communications is the potential line‐of‐sight (LOS) considerations between the V2X devices. The modelling required for LOS is examined to analyse the outage performance of the building to infrastructure links in the 6G architecture. The results from the model show that further work is required if 6G LOS communications are going to be relied upon for future safety‐critical V2X applications.
A two‐stage adaptive‐robust optimization model for active distribution network with high penetration wind power generation
Authors: Li Chen , Li Yahan , Xia Shiwei , Wang Peng , Ge Qing , Song Liangyun , Li Yukai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh penetration of uncertain wind power generation brings challenges to power system operational security and economy. Here, an adjustable box uncertainty set is first presented to characterize the spatiotemporal correlation of multiple wind power generations. Afterward, a two‐stage risk‐adjusted robust energy dispatching model is established as a min‐max‐min optimization problem for active distribution networks operating with high penetration wind power generation. Then a three‐layer Nest Column and Constraint Generation (NCCG) decomposition approach is designed to efficiently solve the proposed model. Finally, the proposed two‐stage adaptive robust optimization model and NCCG approach are validated by a distribution network with uncertain wind power generations, and the simulation results indicate the distribution network operation economy could be compromised with robustness by adjusting the conservative regulation parameter.
Criteria for evaluation of response to biologics in severe asthma – the Biologics Asthma Response Score (BARS)
Authors: Milger Katrin , Korn Stephanie , Feder Claudia , Fuge Jan , Mühle Andreas , Schütte Wolfgang , Skowasch Dirk , Timmermann Hartmut , Suhling Hendrik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background The introduction of monoclonal antibodies (biologics) has revolutionized the therapy of severe asthma. Even though there is a response in the majority of patients, the degree of response varies. To date criteria for assessment of response to biologics are not consistently defined.
Aim To define criteria for evaluation of response to biologics that are precise, simple and suitable for daily use in order to guide decision-making regarding continuation, switching or stopping of biological therapy.
Methods 8 physicians with large experience in this indication, supported by a data-scientist, developed a consensus on criteria to evaluate response to biologics in patients with severe asthma.
Result We developed a combined score based on current literature, own experience and practicability. It uses the main criteria exacerbations, oral corticosteroid (OCS) therapy and asthma control (asthma control test, ACT). We defined thresholds for “good response”, “response” and “insufficient response” rated with a score of “2”, “1” and “0” respectively: annual exacerbations (“0 or reduction ≥ 75 %”, “reduction 50–74 %”, “reductio < 50 %”), daily OCS dose (“stopping or reduction ≥ 75 %”, “reduction 50–74 %”, “reduction < 50 %”), asthma control (“ACT increase ≥ 6 or ≥ 3 with result ≥ 20”, “ACT increase 3–5 with result < 20”, “ACT increase < 3”). Additional individual criteria like lung function and comorbidities may be important for evaluation of response. We propose 3, 6 and 12 months timepoint for assessment of tolerability and response. Using the combined score, we developed a scheme to guide the decision whether switching the biologic should be considered.
Conclusion The Biologic Asthma Response Score (BARS) serves as objective and simple tool to evaluate response to biologic therapy using the three main criteria exacerbations, OCS use and asthma control. A validation of the score was initiated.
Lupeol: A Triterpenoid Isolated from the Stem Bark of Hymenocardia
Acida (tul.) Exhibits a van der Waal Antagonism on the Alpha Subunit of Gastric
H+K+Atpase – A Promising Antiulcer
Principle
Authors: Oluwasegun Adedokun , Ogochukwu Ume , Ugochukwu Ojukwu , Mussaddiq Ismail , Bunyamin Ayinde 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Hymenocardia acida (HA) is one of the numerous medicinal
plants in Nigeria with ethnomedicinal history of usage in the treatment of
ulcer. The study aimed at isolating antiulcer principle(s) from the stem bark of
HA as well as the mechanism of action determination.
Methods Antiulcer screenings of the crude extract, aqueous fraction, and
bulked VLC fractions were performed using in vivo and in vitro
models. Docking was carried out by using PyRx.
Results Crude extract (HA; 1 mg/mL) and the aqueous
fraction of H. acida (HAA; 1 mg/mL) showed an acid
neutralizing capacity (MEq) of 0.3948 and 0.4035, respectively which is
significantly different from 0.431 MEq showed by negative control (distilled
water) at p<0.05. BVLC 3 (1 mg/mL) showed a
significant value of 0.4049 MEq. However, HA showed a dose-dependent decrease in
activity across doses examined, with 100 mg/kg showing an ulcer
index of 10.00±2.89 (61.50%) and cimetidine (positive control;
100 mg/kg), also showed the highest ulcer index of
3.67±0.88 (85.9%), which is significantly different from ulcer
index of 26.00±6.35 (0.00%) p<0.05 observed in
the negative control (5% dimethylsulphoxide). The highest ulcer index of
8.00±1.32 (65.10%) was noted in BVLC 3. Bioactive BVLC 3,
resulted in an isolated compound (BF3B2A). The compound was suggested to be
lupeol, with a docking score of −7.7. It showed a van der Waal
interaction with some key amino acid residues in the vonoprazan binding
site.
Conclusion The experimental studies justify the ethnomedicinal claim of
usage among locals.
Investigation of Serum Amphiregulin Concentrations in Pregnant Women
Diagnosed with Isolated Fetal Growth Restriction in the Third
Trimester
Authors: Ramadan Fatma İsmail Ali , Kale İbrahim , Kobal Berna Buse , Ozel Aysegul , Muhcu Murat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate serum amphiregulin (AREG) concentrations
in pregnant women with isolated fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the third
trimester.
Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 90
pregnant women who applied to the Umraniye Training and Research Hospital
Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between January 2022 and May 2022. The FGR
group consisted of 45 pregnant women diagnosed with FGR in the third trimester,
and the control group consisted of 45 healthy pregnant women matched with the
FGR group in terms of age and body mass index (BMI). Demographic
characteristics, ultrasound findings, and neonatal outcomes were noted. As a
primary outcome, the two groups were compared for maternal serum AREG
concentrations.
Results Both groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics
(p>0.05). While fetal BPD, AC, and FL measurements in the group
diagnosed with FGR were significantly lower than in the control group, umbilical
artery Doppler PI and S/D were higher (p=0.000, for all).
Gestational age at birth, newborn birth weight, birth height, and 1-minute Apgar
score were significantly lower and the NICU admission rate was higher in the FGR
group (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.027,
p=0.011 respectively). Gestational age at blood sampling for AREG was
similar in both groups (p=0.869). While maternal serum AREG
concentration was 969.39 ng/L in the FGR group, it was
795.20 ng/L in the control group (p=0.018). AUC analysis
of AREG for estimation of FGR in ROC analysis was 0.57 (p<0.247,
95% CI=0.44–0.69). The optimal threshold value for FGR
estimation of maternal serum AREG concentration was determined as
874.03 ng/L with 55% sensitivity and 55%
specificity.
Conclusion High maternal serum AREG concentrations appear to be associated
with isolated FGR in the third trimester. The pathways through which AREG
modulates fetal growth remain to be investigated.
Abandoned children in China: the son-preference culture and the gender-differentiated impacts of the one-child policy
Authors: Yang Mei , Xia Xinming , Zhou Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChina has experienced an upsurge in child abandonment since the late 1970s in parallel with its one-child policy (OCP) and market reforms. Due to the scarcity of individual-level data, the literature focuses on informal adoption and child trafficking. This study first demonstrates the spatial-temporal trends of child abandonment across over 100,000 self-reported cases spanning 40 years in China collected from an internet platform. We then examine how the OCP and the long-established clan culture influence the incidence of child abandonment at the provincial level. We further compare whether the influences vary across genders. The results indicate that a tougher OCP penalty increases child abandonment, particularly the abandonment of girls. The influence of the OCP on girl abandonment is weaker in provinces with a strong clan culture, where sex ratios at birth are more unbalanced due to an increased incidence of gender-selective abortions.
A multifunctional mechanical testing stage for micro x-ray computed tomography
Authors: Ruf Matthias , Lee Dongwon , Steeb Holger 
Published: August 2023

An existing open and modular designed micro X-Ray Computed Tomography (μXRCT) system is extended by a test rig in order to combine mechanical and hydro-mechanical experiments with μXRCT characterization. The aim of the system is to cover the complete resolution range of the underlying μXRCT system in combination with a broad load capacity range. A characteristic feature of the developed setup is that it consists mainly of standard components. This makes the shown test rig potentially interesting for other researchers considering extending an existing μXRCT system with an apparatus for mechanical and hydro-mechanical in situ testing. For the load frame, an uniaxial 10 kN universal testing machine with a digital control system was employed, which was extended by two aligned rotational stages. The uniaxial load capacity is ±3.1 kN and can be combined with torque moments of up to ±15 N m both limited by the used rotational stages. The setup is designed in such a way that different x-ray transparent cells (flow cells, oedometer cells, triaxial cells, etc.) can be integrated to generate three-dimensional stress/strain states as required for porous media research. Three applications demonstrate the possible versatile use of the system. As part of these examples, we show how corresponding x-ray transparent cells are designed and implemented. Finally, we discuss the presented approach’s technical advantages and disadvantages and suggest improvements.
Chemical evolution in nitrogen shocked beyond the molecular stability limit
Authors: Lindsey Rebecca K. , Bastea Sorin , Lyu Yanjun , Hamel Sebastien , Goldman Nir , Fried Laurence E. 
Published: August 2023

Evolution of nitrogen under shock compression up to 100 GPa is revisited via molecular dynamics simulations using a machine-learned interatomic potential. The model is shown to be capable of recovering the structure, dynamics, speciation, and kinetics in hot compressed liquid nitrogen predicted by first-principles molecular dynamics, as well as the measured principal shock Hugoniot and double shock experimental data, albeit without shock cooling. Our results indicate that a purely molecular dissociation description of nitrogen chemistry under shock compression provides an incomplete picture and that short oligomers form in non-negligible quantities. This suggests that classical models representing the shock dissociation of nitrogen as a transition to an atomic fluid need to be revised to include reversible polymerization effects.
Improved logistic models of crown fire probability in Canadian conifer forests
Authors: Perrakis Daniel D. B. , Cruz Miguel G. , Alexander Martin E. , Hanes Chelene C. , Thompson Dan K. , Taylor Stephen W. , Stocks Brian J. 
Published: August 2023

Background Crown fires are an ecologically necessary but hazardous process in conifer forests. Prediction of their behaviour in Canada has largely depended on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction System, in which fire weather indices drive primarily fixed fuel type models. The Crown Fire Initiation and Spread (CFIS) system presents a more flexible approach to predicting crown fire occurrence than fixed fuel type models. Aims Using a multi-decadal database of experimental fires carried out in conifer plots (1960–2019, n = 113), our aim was to develop updated models based on the CFIS system approach, fitting crown fire occurrence models to fire environment variables using logistic regression. Methods We tested alternative fuel moisture estimates and compared various model forms using repeated cross-validation. In two-storeyed stands, crown fire occurrence was defined as the involvement of lower canopy stratum fuels. Key results Final models based on wind speed, fuel strata gap, litter moisture and surface fuel consumption predicted crowning events correctly in up to 92% of cases in training data (89% in cross-validation). Conclusions and implications These new models offer improved accuracy and flexibility that will help users assess how competing environmental factors interact under different fuel treatments and wildfire scenarios.
The characteristics and effects of peer feedback on second language pronunciation
Authors: Huang Yuhui , Lee Andrew H. , Ballinger Susan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to investigate the characteristics and effects of peer feedback targeting second language (L2) pronunciation, the present study recruited 32 Mandarin-speaking learners of English who received five pronunciation instructional sessions through an instant messaging application on their smart phones. The phonological targets, types, and formats of peer feedback as well as its effects on their pronunciation (i.e., comprehensibility and accentedness) were examined. Results revealed that the participants mainly targeted segmental errors rather than suprasegmental errors and that they tended to provide more feedback on vowels rather than on consonants. Their feedback, delivered mainly in writing, was found to be effective in improving learners’ comprehensibility, but not their accentedness. The findings demonstrate the potential of peer feedback complementary to teacher feedback in instructed L2 pronunciation and highlight the importance of training in optimizing the effectiveness of peer feedback.
Fermi equation of state with finite temperature corrections in quantum space-times approach: Snyder model vs GUP case
Authors: Pachoł Anna , Wojnar Aneta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the impact of the deformed phase space associated with the quantum Snyder space on microphysical systems. The general Fermi–Dirac equation of state and specific corrections to it are derived. We put emphasis on non-relativistic degenerate Fermi gas as well as on the temperature-finite corrections to it. Considering the most general one-parameter family of deformed phase spaces associated with the Snyder model allows us to study whether the modifications arising in physical effects depend on the choice of realization. It turns out that we can distinguish three different cases with radically different physical consequences.
Broadside radiation antenna based on tightly coupled spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Han Yajuan , Wang Jiafu , Fu Xinmin , Chen Hongya , Ding Chang , Qu Shaobo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) is a hybrid mode of a surface wave in the air and electron oscillation within artificial electromagnetic (EM) media, with the dispersion curve lying below the light line, giving rise to many unique EM properties. In this paper, we investigate the EM properties of tightly coupled SSPP (TC-SSPP) modes and propose a slender broadside antenna based on the TC-SSPP. With the comb structure (CS), dispersion properties of different SSPP modes are firstly analyzed under plane wave illumination, and then we introduce a modified SSPP structure, the broadside-coupled (BC)-CS, to excite and guide TC-SSPP modes. Since TC-SSPP modes can be confined tightly around the slender BC-CS, EM waves can be manipulated within a much more compact space, which is favorable for miniaturization, compactness and the light weight of microwave devices. To demonstrate this, we propose a slender broadside radiation antenna based on the TC-SSPP, using a probe as the feed and a finite-length BC-CS as the radiator. Due to near-field magnetic coupling, the SSPP wave can be excited on the BC-CS. By varying the geometric parameters, the antenna can radiate in the broadside direction. A prototype was designed, fabricated and measured. Both the simulated and measured results verify our design.
Engineering the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of GaP monolayer by substitutional doping: a first-principles study
Authors: Dange Khushboo , Yogi Rachana , Shukla Alok 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper we present a thorough first-principles density functional theory based computational study of the structural stability, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of pristine and doped gallium phosphide (GaP) monolayers. The pristine GaP monolayer is found to have a periodically buckled structure, with an indirect band gap of 2.15 eV. The doping by X (B, Al, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Zn, and Cd) at the Ga site, and Y (N, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te, Zn, and Cd) at the P site is considered, and an indirect to direct band gap transition is observed after doping by In at the Ga site. For several cases, significant changes in the band gap are seen after doping, while the system becomes metallic when O is substituted at the P site. The spin-polarized band structures are calculated for the monolayers with doping-induced magnetism, and we find that for some cases a direct band gap appears for one of the spin orientations. For such cases, we investigate the intriguing possibility of spin-dependent optical properties. Furthermore, for several cases the band gap is very small for one of the spin orientations, suggesting the possibility of engineering half metallicity by doping. For the layers with direct band gaps, the calculated optical absorption spectra are found to span a wide energy range in the visible and ultraviolet regions. The computed formation energies of both the pristine and doped structures are quite small, indicating that the laboratory realization of such structures is quite feasible. On the whole, our results suggest that the doped GaP monolayer is a material with potentially a wide range of applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, solar cells, etc.