bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2.8 Iron-Catalyzed C—H Functionalization
Authors: Banerjee S. , Ilies L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe direct functionalization of an organic substrate via transition-metal-catalyzed C—H bond activation is a powerful tool for building molecular complexity. Despite the abundance, low cost, and low toxicity of iron, which make it an ideal metal for sustainable catalysis, iron-catalyzed C—H activation has been less investigated compared with catalysis based on precious metals such as palladium or iridium. In this chapter, selected examples of iron-catalyzed activation of a C—H bond to create a new C—C bond are described. Arylation, hetarylation, alkenylation, and alkylation of C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H bonds is discussed. Most of the substrates require a directing group, but several examples of non-directed reactions are also presented. The functionalization of a C—H bond has been achieved by using organometallic reagents, organic halides and pseudohalides, multiple bonds such as alkenes and alkynes, and arenes or hetarenes as the reaction partner.
2.14 Manganese-, Iron-, and Cobalt-Catalyzed Radical Alkene Hydrofunctionalization
Authors: van der Puyl V. , Shenvi R. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis review highlights select methods from the synthetic organic metal hydride hydrogen-atom transfer (MHAT) literature. Following MHAT to an alkene, carbon-centered radicals are captured to forge bonds between carbon and hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, the metal center itself, or other atoms. Isomerization is also known, proceeding via abstraction of an adjacent hydrogen atom. Oxidation or reduction of the MHAT-generated carbon-centered radical allows for coupling with two-electron nucleophiles or electrophiles in radical–polar crossover methods. Cross-coupling-type transformations have also emerged, enabled by secondary metal capture of the radical intermediate. The field is evolving from classical catalytic turnover (oxidation/hydride reduction) to other modes of reductive turnover, primarily represented by photocatalytic and electrochemical methods. Opportunities for novel modes of turnover, enantioselective synthesis, and mechanism interrogation promise to drive the MHAT field forward.
2.16 Chromium-Catalyzed Cross Coupling and C—H Functionalization
Authors: Zeng X. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of the earth-abundant group 6 metal chromium as a cost-effective alternative to precious metal catalysts has emerged as a useful tool in modern synthetic chemistry. Significant advances in the field of cross coupling and C—H functionalization with chromium catalysis have been achieved, providing cost-effective and selective strategies to form C—C bonds, usually under mild conditions. This chapter aims to highlight recent achievements in the arena of cross coupling and C—H functionalization that are catalyzed by chromium. It is organized based on the type of bond (chemically unactivated C—heteroatom and C—H bonds) involved in the catalytic coupling, and there is a focus on the discussion of possible mechanisms for insight into the design of robust chromium catalysts for the development of new coupling models and strategies.
The Neutron Star to Black Hole Mass Gap in the Frame of the Jittering Jets Explosion Mechanism (JJEM)
Authors: Soker Noam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
I build a toy model in the frame of the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) of core collapse supernovae that incorporates both the stochastically varying angular momentum component of the material that the newly born neutron star (NS) accretes and the constant angular momentum component, and show that the JJEM can account for the ≃2.5–5M
⊙ mass gap between NSs and black holes (BHs). The random component of the angular momentum results from pre-collapse core convection fluctuations that are amplified by post-collapse instabilities. The fixed angular momentum component results from pre-collapse core rotation. For slowly rotating pre-collapse cores the stochastic angular momentum fluctuations form intermittent accretion disks (or belts) around the NS with varying angular momentum axes in all directions. The intermittent accretion disk/belt launches jets in all directions that expel the core material in all directions early on, hence leaving an NS remnant. Rapidly rotating pre-collapse cores form an accretion disk with angular momentum axis that is about the same as the pre-collapse core rotation. The NS launches jets along this axis and hence the jets avoid the equatorial plane region. Inflowing core material continues to feed the central object from the equatorial plane increasing the NS mass to form a BH. The narrow transition from slow to rapid pre-collapse core rotation, i.e., from an efficient to inefficient jet feedback mechanism, accounts for the sparsely populated mass gap.
Understanding the heating mechanism of the solar active region atmosphere in chromosphere
Authors: Yalim Mehmet Sarp , Zank Gary , Beck Christian , Choudhary Debi Prasad , Prasad Avijeet , Hu Qiang , Frisse Makayla 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the heating of the solar atmosphere is a fundamental problem in solar physics. In this paper, we present an overview of our research on understanding the heating mechanism of the solar active region atmosphere in chromosphere. We investigate Joule heating due to the dissipation of currents perpendicular to the magnetic field by the Cowling resistivity using a data-constrained analysis based on observational and tabulated theoretical/semi-empirical solar atmosphere model data. As target region, we focus on a sunspot umbral light bridge where we find that this heating mechanism plays an important role and is also highly dynamic.
Effect of Compression Garments on the Ventilatory Function After Abdominoplasty
Authors: Kosloski Fabiane Regina , Barbosa Marcus Vinicius Jardini , Rodrigues Maria Amélia , Martins Maria Roberta Cardoso , Ferreira Lydia Masako , Nahas Fábio Xerfan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The use of compression garments in the postoperative period of abdominoplasty seems to be a consensus, but the incidents of complications arising from this have been described, related to an increase in intraabdominal pressure and reduction of the femoral vein blood flow that may facilitate thromboembolic events. There are no studies that have evaluated the isolated effect of postoperative compression garments on respiratory function.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of compression garments on respiratory function after abdominoplasty.

Methods
Thirty-four female patients who underwent standard abdominoplasty were divided into 2 groups, the garment group (n = 18) and the no garment group (n = 16). Respiratory function assessment (with spirometry and manovacuometry) was performed in the preoperative and postoperative periods.

Results
Forced vital capacity assessment revealed a greater ventilatory restriction in the garment group. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed differences between the evaluation time points in the garment group; the intergroup comparisons showed that the no garment group had a lower FEV1. Slow vital capacity was evaluated with no significant differences found on both intergroup comparisons. The inspiratory capacity was reduced in the garment group, representing ventilatory restriction. Measurements of the maximum inspiratory pressure showed no significant differences between the groups. The maximum expiratory pressure showed significantly lower values on postoperative day 7 in the garment group.

Conclusions
The use of compression garments after abdominoplasty impairs ventilatory function. Not wearing this type of garment can improve ventilation, decreasing the risk of pulmonary complications.

Level of Evidence: 3
Deep Back Liposuction: Ultrasound-Guided Deep Fat Liposuction of the Subiliac Crest
Authors: Durán Vega Héctor César , Manzaneda Raul , Flores Emmanuel , Manfrim Carlos , Morelli Humberto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In the past 5 years, aesthetic surgery of the buttock has changed a lot with the use of technologies like imaging ultrasound to get safer and more beautiful results. These techniques are not only used to make a safer fat infiltration in the buttock, but also for modeling it. The aim of this study was to describe ultrasound-guided subiliac crest deep fat liposuction for contouring the buttock-back region. This area is often overlooked in gluteal frame management because of the depth at which it is located. Healthy patients were chosen for whom this deep back ultrasound technique was performed to improve the gluteal frame. The technique involved making a small incision in the iliac crest of the ilium, followed by identification of the area of deep posterior fat below the iliac crest under ultrasonographic control. A cannula was positioned to deliver static tumescent infiltration and liposuction was performed. This study included 16 female patients aged 20 to 45 years old who underwent this procedure. The area was infiltrated with 150 to 200 mL of tumescent solution per side, and 175 to 200 mL of fat was obtained. The depth of the study area varied but was observed to be generally located between 3 and 5 cm from the skin. This study indicates that this technique is safe and effective in achieving aspiration of the subiliac crest deep fat, which enhances the frame for buttock-back contouring. Ultrasound was indispensable for locating the fat and infiltrating the area for subsequent liposuction.
See the abstract translated into Hindi, Portuguese, Korean, German, Italian, Arabic, Chinese, and Taiwanese online here: https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjad236.

Level of Evidence: 4
AtlasXplore: a web platform for visualizing and sharing spatial epigenome data
Authors: Barnett Joshua , Sotudeh Noori , Rao Poorvi , Silverman Jonah , Jafar Tamara , Wang Liya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotivationIn recent years, a growing number of spatial epigenome datasets have been generated, presenting rich opportunities for studying the regulation mechanisms in solid tissue sections. However, visual exploration of these datasets requires extensive computational processing of raw data, presenting a challenge for researchers without advanced computational skills to fully explore and analyze such datasets.ResultsHere, we introduce AtlasXplore, a web-based platform that enables scientists to interactively navigate a growing collection of spatial epigenome data using an expanding set of tools.Availability and implementationhttps://web.atlasxomics.com
Prevalence of pericardial effusion in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Jost Johanna Sophia , Kaireit Till Frederik , Auber Bernd , Beller Johannes , Schmidt-Ott Kai Martin , Schmitt Roland , Wulfmeyer Vera Christine 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has numerous extrarenal manifestations. Pericardial effusion (PE) may be an underrecognized complication with a reported prevalence of up to 35%. Our study is the first to systematically evaluate the prevalence of PE and associated risk factors in an ADPKD cohort outside the USA.

Methods
Clinically stable ADPKD patients from a specialized outpatient clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Magnetic resonance tomography and computed tomography scans were analysed regarding the presence of PE (≥4 mm). Imaging results were linked to clinical characteristics.

Results
Of 286 ADPKD patients, 208 had computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging suitable for evaluation of PE. In this group we detected PE in 17 patients (8.2%). The overall prevalence of PE was 6.3%, with more females being affected (prevalence of PE was 7.8% in females and 3.8% in males). The PE mean size was 6.8 ± 3.3 mm. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases was higher in the patients with PE (11.8% versus 2.1%, P = .022), while the presence and size of PE was not associated with signs of rapid progressive disease, ADPKD genotype, patient age, body mass index and other clinical parameters. Exploratory investigation of individual characteristics of PE patients by regression tree analysis suggested renal functional impairment, sex and proteinuria as candidate variables.

Conclusions
PE prevalence in our cohort was lower than previously reported and showed a clear female preponderance. Our data suggest that patients with PEs &gt;10 mm deserve further attention, as they may have additional non-ADPKD-related pathologies.
Reference Interval Harmonization: Harnessing the Power of Big Data Analytics to Derive Common Reference Intervals across Populations and Testing Platforms
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Bailey Dana , Balion Cynthia , Cembrowski George , Collier Christine , De Guire Vincent , Higgins Victoria , Jung Benjamin , Ali Zahraa Mohammed , Seccombe David , Taher Jennifer , Tsui Albert K Y , Venner Allison , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Harmonization in laboratory medicine is essential for consistent and accurate clinical decision-making. There is significant and unwarranted variation in reference intervals (RIs) used by laboratories for assays with established analytical traceability. The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists (CSCC) Working Group on Reference Interval Harmonization (hRI-WG) aims to establish harmonized RIs (hRIs) for laboratory tests and support implementation.

Methods
Harnessing the power of big data, laboratory results were collected across populations and testing platforms to derive common adult RIs for 16 biochemical markers. A novel comprehensive approach was established, including: (a) analysis of big data from community laboratories across Canada; (b) statistical evaluation of age, sex, and analytical differences; (c) derivation of hRIs using the refineR method; and (d) verification of proposed hRIs across 9 laboratories with different instrumentation using serum and plasma samples collected from healthy Canadian adults.

Results
Harmonized RIs were calculated for all assays using the refineR method, except free thyroxine. Derived hRIs met proposed verification criterion across 9 laboratories and 5 manufacturers for alkaline phosphatase, albumin (bromocresol green), chloride, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium, phosphate, potassium (serum), and total protein (serum). Further investigation is needed for some analytes due to failure to meet verification criteria in one or more laboratories (albumin [bromocresol purple], calcium, total carbon dioxide, total bilirubin, and sodium) or concern regarding excessively wide hRIs (alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and thyroid stimulating hormone).

Conclusions
We report a novel data-driven approach for RI harmonization. Findings support feasibility of RI harmonization for several analytes; however, some presented challenges, highlighting limitations that need to be considered in harmonization and big data analytics.
Acoustic complexity of pup isolation calls in Mongolian hamsters: 3-frequency phenomena and chaos
Authors: Rutovskaya Marina V , Volodin Ilya A , Feoktistova Natalia Y , Surov Alexey V , Gureeva Anna V , Volodina Elena V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Studying pup isolation calls of wild rodents provides background for developing new early-life animal models for biomedical research and drug testing. This study discovered a highly complex acoustic phenotype of pup isolation calls in 4–5-day-old Mongolian hamsters Allocricetulus curtatus. We analyzed the acoustic structure of 5,010 isolation calls emitted in the broad range of frequencies (sonic, below 20 kHz, and ultrasonic, from 20 to 128 kHz) by 23 pups during 2-min isolation test trials, 1 trial per pup. In addition, we measured 5 body size parameters and the body weight of each pup. The calls could contain up to 3 independent fundamental frequencies in their spectra, the low (f0), the medium (g0), and the high (h0), or purely consisted of chaos in which the fundamental frequency could not be tracked. By presence/absence of the 3 fundamental frequencies or their combinations and chaos, we classified calls into 6 distinctive categories (low-frequency [LF]-f0, LF-chaos, high-frequency [HF]-g0, HF-h0, HF-g0 + h0, and HF-chaos) and estimated the relative abundance of calls in each category. Between categories, we compared acoustic parameters and estimated their relationship with pup body size index. We discuss the results of this study with data on the acoustics of pup isolation calls reported for other species of rodents. We conclude that such high complexity of Mongolian hamster pup isolation calls is unusual for rodents. Decreased acoustic complexity serves as a good indicator of autism spectrum disorders in knockout mouse models, which makes knockout hamster models prospective new wild animal model of neurodevelopmental disorders.
The added value of abnormal regional myocardial function for risk prediction in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kirkels Feddo P , Rootwelt-Norberg Christine , Bosman Laurens P , Aabel Eivind W , Muller Steven A , Castrini Anna I , Taha Karim , van Osta Nick , Lie Øyvind H , Asselbergs Folkert W , Lumens Joost , te Riele Anneline S J M , Hasselberg Nina E , Cramer Maarten J , Haugaa Kristina H , Teske Arco J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
A risk calculator for individualized prediction of first-time sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients has recently been developed and validated (www.ARVCrisk.com). This study aimed to investigate whether regional functional abnormalities, measured by echocardiographic deformation imaging, can provide additional prognostic value.

Methods and results
From two referral centres, 150 consecutive patients with a definite ARVC diagnosis, no prior sustained VA, and an echocardiogram suitable for deformation analysis were included (aged 41 ± 17 years, 50% female). During a median follow-up of 6.3 (interquartile range 3.1–9.8) years, 37 (25%) experienced a first-time sustained VA. All tested left and right ventricular (LV and RV) deformation parameters were univariate predictors for first-time VA. While LV function did not add predictive value in multivariate analysis, two RV deformation parameters did; RV free wall longitudinal strain and regional RV deformation patterns remained independent predictors after adjusting for the calculator-predicted risk [hazard ratio 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.11); P = 0.004 and 4.45 (95% CI 1.07–18.57); P = 0.040, respectively] and improved its discriminative value (from C-statistic 0.78 to 0.82 in both; Akaike information criterion change &gt; 2). Importantly, all patients who experienced VA within 5 years from the echocardiographic assessment had abnormal regional RV deformation patterns at baseline.

Conclusions
This study showed that regional functional abnormalities measured by echocardiographic deformation imaging can further refine personalized arrhythmic risk prediction when added to the ARVC risk calculator. The excellent negative predictive value of normal RV deformation could support clinicians considering the timing of implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with intermediate arrhythmic risk.
Genetics of evolved load resistance in the skeletons of unusually large mice from Gough Island
Authors: Payseur Bret A , Anderson Sara , James Roy T , Parmenter Michelle D , Gray Melissa M , Vinyard Christopher J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A primary function of the skeleton is to resist the loads imparted by body weight. Genetic analyses have identified genomic regions that contribute to differences in skeletal load resistance between laboratory strains of mice, but these studies are usually restricted to 1 or 2 bones and leave open the question of how load resistance evolves in natural populations. To address these challenges, we examined the genetics of bone structure using the largest wild house mice on record, which live on Gough Island (GI). We measured structural traits connected to load resistance in the femur, tibia, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, and mandible of GI mice, a smaller-bodied reference strain from the mainland, and 760 of their F2s. GI mice have bone geometries indicative of greater load resistance abilities but show no increase in bone mineral density compared to the mainland strain. Across traits and bones, we identified a total of 153 quantitative trait loci (QTL) that span all but one of the autosomes. The breadth of QTL detection ranges from a single bone to all 7 bones. Additive effects of QTL are modest. QTL for bone structure show limited overlap with QTL for bone length and width and QTL for body weight mapped in the same cross, suggesting a distinct genetic architecture for load resistance. Our findings provide a rare genetic portrait of the evolution of load resistance in a natural population with extreme body size.
Houpo paiqi mixture promotes intestinal motility in constipated rats by modulating gut microbiota and activating 5-HT-cAMP-PKA signal pathway
Authors: Wang Ruixin , Lu Xiaofang , Zhao Luqing , Zhang Weixi , Zhang Shengsheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which needs more effective treatment approaches. Houpo Paiqi Mixture (HPPQM) is a type of Chinese patent medicine developed from a classical formula that has been widely applied to the treatment of intestinal motility disorder. Here we aim to assess the effectiveness of HPPQM in the treatment of constipation in rat models and its potential mechanism.

Methods and Results
UPLC-MS/MS was performed to investigate the chemical component of HPPQM. Rats were randomly divided into normal control, constipation model (CM), HPPQM (low, middle and high dose) and mosapride groups. Loperamide 8 mg/kg was given orally to induce CM. The small intestine motility, colonic contraction, rectum propulsion, and histological feature of the colon were significantly improved in HPPQM group, compared with CM group (P &lt; 0.05). Results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that HPPQM treatment strikingly restructured intestinal microbiota in constipated rats by increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Akkermansia and decreasing the relative abundances of Prevotella and Lactobacillus. The levels of GPR43, 5-HT, 5-HT4R, cAMP, PKA were decreased while SERT was increased in constipated rats (P &lt; 0.05), which could be restored to normal levels by treatment with HPPQM (P &lt; 0.05). Differences in amplitude between experimental CLSMs (with HPPQM added) and control CLSMs were discovered, starting at the concentration of 40 nL/mL (P &lt; 0.05). It was found that GLPG0974 and GR113808 could significantly reduce this reactivity (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
HPPQM manifested a curative effect in constipated rats by promoting intestinal motility. The underlying mechanisms might be related to modulating gut microbiota and activating 5-HT-cAMP-PKA signal pathway.