bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of Orchidaceae in one of the world's most threatened plant hotspots (Madagascar)
Authors: Droissart Vincent , Verlynde Simon , Ramandimbisoa Brigitte , Andriamahefarivo Lalao , Stévart Tariq 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. In recent decades, Madagascar has become one of the most important plant hotspots in the world. The country's remaining forests and vegetation are disappearing at an alarming rate, while dozens of new species are discovered each year. Among the plant families that have long been studied, Orchidaceae appear as one of the most charismatic, diverse and of high conservation concern. Based on a reviewed, comprehensive herbarium dataset, we have compiled a curated checklist of all orchid species occurring in Madagascar. Based on this complete dataset, we then compiled sampling effort, species diversity distribution, and some general statistics on their ecology and IUCN conservation status.
Methods. We compiled and standardised a global dataset using five public databases as the main data sources, supplemented by the most recent publications. The database contains ~10 000 geolocated records collected between 1816 and 2021. We used GIS software and rarefaction methods to examine sampling and diversity patterns.
Results. According to your dataset, there are currently 917 orchid species collected in Madagascar, of which 766 orchid species (83.5%) are endemic. Doubling the sampling effort could lead to the discovery of around 100 more species, bringing the total estimated number of orchid species in Madagascar to between 986 and 1056. About one-third (297 species) of all orchid species are known only by type specimens (190 species) or have not been collected in Madagascar for more than 50 years (213 species). Although the raw data show that the Andasibe-Moramanga area would have the highest orchid species concentration, our analysis of the data adjusted for bias shows that the centres of orchid diversity in Madagascar are in the Tsaratanàna Strict Nature Reserve and the Ranomafana National Park. Life form statistics show that 55.0% of orchid species are strict epiphytes. The main flowering period of orchids in Madagascar is between November and March. To date, 84% of the 226 Malagasy orchid species listed in the IUCN Red List are threatened with extinction (CR, EN or VU).
Conclusion. Despite geographically uneven coverage, the biodiversity of Malagasy orchids appears to be already well documented. We provide maps corrected for sampling bias that indicate priority areas for future surveys. Upcoming efforts should also focus on rediscovery and conservation of rare and/or threatened species, and ensure that the protected area network is well aligned with the distribution of priority species for conservation. Finally, the conservation status of 75% of the orchid species found in Madagascar is not yet known, and the inclusion of these species must be a top priority in the coming years.
Rediscovering a species not seen for a hundred years, Stathmopoda tacita (Meyrick, 1913) (Lepidoptera, Stathmopodidae), with its unusual fern-spore-feeding life history
Authors: Shen Zong-Yu , Hsu Yu-Feng 
Published: May 2023

Despite being the second largest group of vascular plants, ferns are scarcely reported being fed by insects when compared to angiosperms. Within these fern-feeding insects, lepidopterans are poorly represented and are restricted only to specific groups in this speciose order. The consumers specialising on fern spores are even scarcer in the order, with the majority being consumers of vegetative structures. Amongst the fern-spore-feeding Lepidoptera, Stathmopodidae is the family with the highest species diversity, even with a subfamily, Cyprininae Sinev, 2015, specialising on fern spores. However, fern-spore-feeding habit is not restricted to this subfamily. To understand the evolution of fern-spore-feeding within this family and to increase our knowledge of insect-fern evolution, detailed studies on fern-spore feeding stathmopodids are essential.
The present study rediscovered a rare, fern-spore-feeding, stathmopodid micro-moth, Stathmopoda tacita (Meyrick, 1913), which has not been formally recorded or identified for more than 100 years. We documented the life history of this species and identified several species of Pyrrosia (Polypodiaceae, Platycerioideae) as host for the moth’s larvae. A re-description of the fern-feeding moth is also provided as the original description is obscure in terms of character diagnosis.
Les « Chroniqueurs du malheur » : des Lorrains parlent de leur guerre de Trente Ans
Authors: Martin Philippe 
Published: May 2023

Temps d’une crise exceptionnelle, la guerre de Trente Ans a donné naissance à d’innombrables récits personnels pour tenter d’expliquer le malheur, de dépasser la souffrance, de redonner de l’ordre dans un monde éclaté… Région particulièrement touchée, la Lorraine fournit une impressionnante collection d’écrits du malheur. Ils sont de trois types. D’abord les écritures de l’urgence, répondant au besoin de faire face à la violence immédiate. Ensuite, les chroniques et journaux qui expliquent et réorganisent. Enfin, ceux qui développent une écriture plus soignée, vers ou romans.
L’imprimé pendant la guerre de Trente Ans, entre information et divertissement. Le fossoyeur de Leipzig, 1632
Authors: Félicité Indravati 
Published: May 2023

En septembre 1631, la bataille de Breitenfeld, à quelques kilomètres au nord de Leipzig, voyait la victoire d’une puissante alliance entre princes protestants. Sous l’égide de Gustave Adolphe, le camp évangélique était rassuré. Quelques mois après le traumatisant sac de Magdebourg, les évangéliques pouvaient désormais se prévaloir du soutien de l’Électeur de Saxe et d’une opinion publique choquée par la cruauté des troupes impériales. À l’époque, la ville de Leipzig, bien qu’assiégée elle aussi, n’eut pas à subir les assauts militaires alors que le général Tilly, chef redouté des armées de la Ligue catholique nommé depuis peu à la tête des troupes impériales, était déjà aux portes de la ville. Les contemporains s’interrogeaient sur les raisons de cette mansuétude. Certains y voyait le résultat des négociations du conseil municipal avec l’envoyé de Tilly, Egon VIII de Fürstenberg. Pour d’autres, en revanche, Tilly avait changé d’avis au cours d’un bref séjour dans la maison du fossoyeur de Leipzig, sans que l’on connaisse les raisons de ce revirement. Ainsi naquit la légende du fossoyeur de Leipzig. Dans la maison de ce dernier, Tilly aurait appris sa mort prochaine, ce qui l’aurait dissuadé de réitérer le massacre perpétré quelques mois plus tôt dans la ville de Magdebourg. À partir d’un imprimé revenant sur cette rencontre, le présent article propose une analyse des évolutions culturelles qui accompagnent les événements militaires.
Le silence et la parole : ennemis ou alliés ?
Authors: Le Fourn Jean-Yves , Douville Olivier 
Published: May 2023

Tenter un dialogue sur le thème du silence : quel paradoxe ! Les auteurs, en refusant de réduire le silence à l’absence de parole et au mutisme, vont éclairer les différences entre ce qu’il en est du silence comme condition de la parole et du non-dit qui interdit la parole et le dialogue. La référence à des champs esthétiques et anthropologiques permet d’envisager plusieurs qualités de silence : celui qui accompagne des chorégraphies contemporaines où se montre le corps retrouvant son envol et ses rythmes, celui du candidat à l’initiation, se préparant à affronter le mystère de la tradition et le mystère de son corps à venir.
Avis de consommateur en ligne : essai de clarification et proposition d’une définition
Authors: Lombard Gautier , Herrmann Jean-Luc , Kacha Mathieu 
Published: May 2023

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une définition de la notion d’avis de consommateur en ligne. Après la présentation de l’ensemble de la démarche adoptée pour la construire, sont explicités chacun des sept « critères discriminants absolus » élaborés. Ces sept critères conduisent à la proposition de la définition suivante : un avis de consommateur en ligne est un message émis par un consommateur qui partage des informations ou réactions affectives consécutivement à son expérience de consommation d’un objet, publié sur une plateforme internet, accessible à tout public, et non contrôlé par l’organisation sujette. En conclusion sont soulignées les contributions potentielles de cette définition sur le double plan académique et managérial.
Circular food economy: A new perspective on food waste
Authors: Diekmann Larissa , Germelmann Claas Christian 
Published: May 2023

Pour relever les défis mondiaux actuels (changement climatique, pénurie de ressources naturelles et insécurité alimentaire), il faut opérer un changement fondamental dans la production et la consommation alimentaire. Ce changement peut être réalisé par la transition de l’économie linéaire traditionnelle vers une économie circulaire tournée vers l’avenir. Sur la base des caractéristiques clés de l’économie circulaire, cet article propose un cadre conceptuel pour une économie alimentaire circulaire. En faisant passer la logique sous-jacente des processus de production et de consommation de linéaire à circulaire, l’économie alimentaire circulaire favorise un changement dans la façon dont le gaspillage alimentaire est perçu : d’inutile, il devient précieux. Le remplacement de l’élimination des ressources alimentaires par la prévention, la réutilisation, le recyclage ou la récupération permet cette transition. Outre les changements internes, l’économie alimentaire circulaire nécessite un réseau de valeur à plusieurs niveaux qui facilite l’échange de ressources alimentaires et d’informations au sein et entre les acteurs du système alimentaire aux niveaux micro, méso et macro.
Evaluation of Appropriateness of Red Blood Cell Transfusions
Authors: Desai Priti , Navkudkar Anisha , More Nileema , Rajadhyaksha Sunil B. 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives:
Red blood cells (RBC) transfusion is an important medical therapy in modern medicine. Blood is a scarce resource used in large numbers; therefore, it is very essential for its components to be used appropriately and judiciously. It is necessary to monitor, assess, and evaluate the existing trends and appropriateness of blood utilization. The establishment of criteria for blood transfusion and strict adherence to such criteria may be necessary to improve blood usage. The objective of this study was to understand the utilization pattern of RBC transfusions based on indications and to evaluate the appropriateness of RBC transfusion at a tertiary care oncology center.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 4 months. A total of 4413 RBC transfusion events in 2012 adult oncology patients were analyzed for appropriateness as per institutional guidelines. Data were obtained from the blood requisitions, issue records of the Department of Transfusion Medicine and from the Electronic Medical Records of the patients.

Results:
Total of 83% of transfusion events were found to be appropriate with Anemia being the most common indication for RBC transfusion in medical and surgical oncology units. Appropriateness was significant (P < 0.05) in medical oncology as compared to surgical oncology units. Appropriateness was highest and statistically significant (P < 0.05) in operation theatres while inappropriateness was more and significant in the daycare facility (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Total 83% of RBC transfusions were found to be appropriate indicating that clinical practices of RBC transfusions in the hospital were rational with adherence to institutional guidelines.
Dual Red Cell Alloimmunization with Anti-c and anti-E Antibodies
Authors: Pahuja Sangeeta , Chauhan Richa , Sharma Geetika , Singh Deeksha , Singh Manisha , Yadav Ram Vilash 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives:
Alloimmunization can lead to difficulty in arranging compatible, antigen-negative blood units for the patients. Alloimmunization by coexisting “c” and “E” antibodies, though common, is frequently missed. Both “c” and “E” antigens are highly immunogenic and have the potential to cause hemolytic disease of newborn and hemolytic transfusion reactions. The objective of this study is to discuss different clinical scenarios of concomitant and singular presence of anti-c and anti-E along with the diagnostic approach and transfusion management in resource-limited settings.

Methods:
Column agglutination gel technology in low ionic strength solution phase was used for initial antibody identification. Detailed immunohematological workup was done by the use of select cells (c+, E− and c−, E+) and adsorption elution studies using a commercially available acid elution kit.

Results:
Out of 16 patients, detailed immunohematological workup was available for 14 patients, whereas two patients were lost to follow-up. Among 14 patients, 12 had CCDee (R1R1) phenotype, whereas two patients had CcDee phenotype (possible R1r) with anti-E antibody. In 12 patients with R1R1 phenotype, 6/12 (50%) had dual coexisting anti-c and E, whereas 3/12 (25%) had only anti-c and 3/12 (25%) had only anti-E. In R1R1 patients having anti-E, coexisting anti-c was found in 6/9 (66.66%) of patients.

Conclusion:
The study emphasizes the use of both “c” and “E” negative red cells (R1R1) in R1R1 patients having either anti-c or anti-E. Thus, in India, there is a need to develop our own red cell panels having an adequate representation of indigenous antigens and phenotypes.
A Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey concerning Blood Donation among Libyans
Authors: Goldsmith A J , Gebril N M , Thull D S , Abdella Y E , Barski L , Malgor P Y , Bossolini F , Aldaher O , Smit Sibinga Cees Smit 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives:
Libya's blood transfusion system suffers from chronic blood shortages due to low rates of voluntary, nonremunerated blood donors (VNRBDs). Over 90% of blood donations are for family members or friends of donors, and only 1% of donors are women. This study aimed to understand the barriers and motivations for blood donation in Libya to support sensitization campaigns.

Methods:
A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey was conducted with 896 people in seven Libyan cities where blood banks are located. Key informant interviews were conducted with blood donors, staff, and experts across all seven cities. Thematic content analysis was conducted for the qualitative data, and SPSS was used to produce descriptive statistics.

Results:
There was a strong awareness of blood donation and the uses of donated blood within the surveyed population. Most respondents who had not donated blood had considered donating. The association between blood donation and Hijama, the traditional medical bloodletting practice, was cited as a sensitization experience for some VNRBDs. The common barriers for potential female donors included misconceptions about female eligibility, social norms, and constraints based on the opinions of their husbands.

Conclusion:
Sensitization campaigns can encourage people to donate for the first time to dispel fears and reinforce the connection between blood donation and altruistic/religious giving. Religious institutions, including mosques and Hijama centers, must be engaged to emphasize that blood donation is ethically compatible with Islam. Campaigns should also highlight that women are eligible to donate blood.
Analysis of Blood Collection of National Blood Transfusion Service, Sri Lanka
Authors: Senavirathna Samantha Kumara , Abeynayake Nishanthi Rupika 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives:
Blood transfusion is a widely accepted treatment modality in modern medical practice and it has no substitute. Therefore, blood is a scarce resource, and proper management of bloodstock is essential. Transfusion service is responsible to maintain an adequate blood stock to ensure the supply of blood for hospitals while minimizing blood wastage due to postexpiry. To achieve efficient bloodstock management, the pattern of blood collection should be identified. This study was designed to establish a time series model for monthly blood collection of Sri Lanka.

Methods:
Data on monthly blood collection of Sri Lanka were collected from the year 2010 to 2020 and time series models were developed using “R” statistical software.

Results:
Time series data clearly exhibited an increasing trend with seasonality in blood collection. Therefore, seasonal time series models were fitted and the best seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was selected as ARIMA (0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 2) (12) which showed the lowest Akaike information criteria value.

Conclusion:
It is suitable for forecasting the monthly blood collection.
Comparison of apoptotic bodies’ count & mitotic index in oral squamous cell carcinoma with regional lymph node involvement
Authors: Yousefi Maede , Naderi Noushin Jalayer , Muhammadnejad Ahad 
Published: May 2023

Background & objectives:
In early stages of oral cancers, 20-40 per cent of cases have occult metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. Biologic imbalance between cellular proliferation and death culminates in metastasis. The importance of cell cycle dysregulation in relation to lymph node involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been established yet. The aim was to determine the association between apoptotic bodies count and mitotic index in relation to regional lymph node involvement in OSCC.

Methods:
Thirty two methyl green-pyronin stained slides from paraffin-embedded sections of OSCC were evaluated for apoptotic bodies count and mitotic index in relation to regional lymph node involvement using light microscopy. Number of apoptotic bodies and mitotic figures were counted in 10 randomly selected hot spot areas (×400). Average count of apoptotic bodies and mitotic figures were determined and compared with regard to the presence/absence of lymph node involvement.

Results:
The count of apoptotic bodies in cases without metastasis to the regional lymph node was significantly higher than in cases with regional lymph node involvement. The mitotic index was not significantly different between groups in terms of regional lymph node involvement (P=0.24). No significant correlation was found between the apoptotic bodies count (r=−0.094, P=0.72) and mitotic index (r=−0.08, P=0.75) to the number of regional lymph nodes involved.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Based on the results, it is suggested that apoptotic cell count can be a good parameter for showing the possibility of regional lymph node involvement in people with OSCC who do not have clinical symptoms of lymph node involvement.
E-learning in medical education: Challenges and benefits in the perception of medical students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Archana Banur Raju , Sangeetha Sampath 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The Government of India declared nationwide lockdown due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to continue regular classes, educational institutions tried various teaching, learning methods and started online classes.

Methods:
A descriptive, online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among undergraduate medical students studying at a medical college to evaluate the effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of e-learning classes conducted for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was prepared using Google Forms and students were asked to answer questions with the most appropriate response.

Results:
A total of 560 MBBS undergraduate students took part in the study. The survey was carried out after 6 months of online classes. The study result shows that e-learning is equally effective as regular face-to-face learning in increasing knowledge, social competences, understanding subject and meeting individual learning needs. However, e-learning is ineffective in increasing clinical skills and effective communication compared to regular face-to-face learning. Major advantage of e-learning is the ability to stay at home and lack of clinical skills is a major disadvantage.

Conclusions:
Implementation of distance e-learning in medical education is challenging, especially in developing countries like India. E-learning reported increasing knowledge, easy access, better environment. But lack of clinical skills, technical problems, mental health are major barriers to e-learning in medical education. Although e-learning is the best alternative in the present scenario, it cannot replace traditional teaching method. It can be used along with regular face-to-face learning to make teaching more effective.
Impact of sensitisation programme on screening tests for latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers: A questionnaire-based study
Authors: Haritsa Kanthishree , Sangeetha P. , Lakshminarayana S. A. , Holla Narayana , Prakash R. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Timely and accurate identification of people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential for controlling Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Hence, it is important that health-care workers have the latest and adequate knowledge about the existing diagnostic modalities.

Methods:
In this prospective, questionnaire-based study, various health-care workers were asked to respond to a 25-item questionnaire before the sensitisation programme (workshop) regarding knowledge, procedure and interpretation of screening tests for LTBI (tuberculin skin test [TST] and interferon-gamma release assay [IGRA]). The same questionnaire was repeated on the completion of the workshop to assess its impact.

Results:
The mean baseline knowledge among technicians, nurses, postgraduates and interns was 42.9%, 42.1%, 51.9% and 53.6%, which improved significantly to 84.2%, 83.4%, 89.4% and 89.5%, respectively after the workshop. Statistically, a significant difference was observed between pre- and post-workshop proprtion of all health-care workers with respect to the knowledge of TST and IGRA (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This questionnaire-based study highlights the importance of training various health-care workers on diagnostic modalities for LTBI since the current study findings revealed that training increased the knowledge scores of the participants significantly.
Comparison between patient state index, bispectral index, and clinical parameters for propofol induction in Indian patients: A prospective study
Authors: Shajahan Mohammed Shafiq , Agrawal Sanjay , Singla Deepak 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Patient state index (PSI) and bispectral index (BIS) are depth of anesthesia monitors utilized for the dosage of propofol usage for induction. We compare PSI, BIS, and Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) for propofol dose usage for induction.

Material and Methods:
Seventy-four ASA I and II patients, aged 18–65 years scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included and divided into groups to titrate the drug dosage of propofol needed for induction of anesthesia, monitored by PSI (Group A), BIS (Group B), or clinical OAA/S (Group C). The drug dosage needed for induction was based on a PSI value of 25 ± 2, BIS value of 48 ± 2, and OAA/S value of ≤2 as the endpoint of induction in respective groups. Intraoperative hemodynamic variables and any complications were compared.

Results:
The mean doses of propofol needed for induction were 2.23 mg/kg (Group A), 2.05 mg/kg (Group B), and 2.11 mg/kg (Group C). A significantly decreased dose was needed to achieve the desired end in Group B compared to Group A (P = 0.01). The hemodynamic variables such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure among the three groups were comparable.

Conclusion:
The clinical method of titrating the dose of propofol for induction and anesthetic depth by the loss of verbal response is comparable to both BIS and PSI monitoring.