bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Dose, Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid and Epsilon‐Aminocaproic Acid to Reduce Bleeding in TKA: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Che , Ma Jun , Xu Jiawen , Li Mingyang , Wu Liming , Wu Yuangang , Liu Yuan , Shen Bin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe optimal dose and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) and epsilon‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were under controversial, and we aimed to make comparisons between different doses of TXA and EACA in intravenous (IV) or intra‐articular (IA) applications in patients undergoing TKA.MethodsThis network meta‐analysis was guided by the Priority Reporting Initiative for Systematic Assessment and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA). According to the administrations of antifibrinolytic agents, patients in eligible studies were divided into three subgroups: (i) IA applications of TXA and EACA; (ii) IV applications (g) of TXA and EACA; (iii) IV applications (mg/kg) of TXA and EACA. Total blood loss (TBL), hemoglobin (HB) drops and transfusion rates were the primary outcomes, while drainage volume, pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk were the secondary outcomes. A multivariate Bayesian random‐effects model was adopted in the network analysis.ResultsA total of 38 eligible trials with different regimens were assessed. Overall inconsistency and heterogeneity were acceptable. Taking all primary outcomes into account, 1.0–3.0 g TXA were most effective in IA applications, 1–6 g TXA and 10–14 g EACA were most effective in IV applications (g), while 30 mg/kg TXA and 150 mg/kg EACA were most effective in IV applications (mg/kg). None of the regimens showed increasing risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared with placebo.Conclusion0 g IA TXA, 1.0 g IV TXA or 10.0 g IV EACA, as well as 30 mg/kg IV TXA or 150 mg/kg IV EACA were most effective and enough to control bleeding for patients after TKA. TXA was at least 5 times more potent than EACA.
Exploration of California School Nurse perspectives on the impact of COVID‐19
Authors: Best Nakia C. , Donahue Eden , Agran Phyllis F. , Munk Kirsten , Rochelle Na'imah F. , Billimek John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore in a sample of school nurses (SN) in California the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on school nurse health services, how school nurses mitigated the impact of COVID‐19, and moral distress levels among school nurses.Design and MethodsNineteen (N = 19) school nurses who work in K‐12 schools in California, USA participated in a mixed‐methods approach involving qualitative descriptive design, inductive content analysis, and descriptive statistics. Interviews were conducted in August and September 2021.ResultsFive themes emerged: (1) role of the SN during the COVID‐19 pandemic, (2) coordination with school administration, (3) COVID‐19 related challenges and disruptions to care, (4) moral distress, and (5) coping during the pandemic.ConclusionThe pandemic had a profound impact on school nurses. This study provides school nurse perspectives of the impact of COVID‐19 on services they delivered, the unique skills of school nurses essential to mitigation strategies, and moral distress school nurses encountered during the pandemic. Understanding the important role school nurses had during the pandemic is paramount to fully contextualize the contributions they made within public health nursing practice and inform preparedness for future pandemics.
Bribery and firm survival in Vietnam: Moderating effects of market competition, credit, and institutional constraints
Authors: Pham Xuan Nam , Le Thanh Ha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between bribery and firm survival when facing different levels of market competition, credit constraints, and other institutional limitations. Using panel data from surveys of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in Vietnam over a 10‐year period and a semi‐parametric Cox proportional hazards model approach, we provide empirical support for the “greasing‐the‐wheels” hypothesis of firm survival. Effects are found to be more pronounced for formally registered and larger firms, explained by their greater bargaining power vis‐à‐vis public officials. Moreover, bribery as a “risk‐of‐exit” reducing strategy is found only for firms not institutionally or financially constrained and for firms operating in sectors with low levels of competition.
Successful restoration of protective immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella following MMR vaccination in adult hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Lin Rick Y. , Anderson Anthony D. , Morris Michele I. , Raja Mohammed , Komanduri Krishna V. , Camargo Jose F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal number of doses as well as the role for measurement of postvaccination titers after measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccination in adult hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients remains unknown.MethodsIn the present study, we assessed humoral immunity against measles, mumps and rubella before and after MMR vaccination in 187 adults who received at least one dose of the MMR vaccine after HCT.ResultsAmong those with baseline titers, posttransplant prevaccination seroprotection rates were 56%, 30%, and 54% for measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively; and significantly lower in allogeneic versus autologous HCT recipients for measles (39% vs. 80%, p = .0001), mumps (22% vs. 41%; p = .02) and rubella (48% vs. 62%, p = .12). Among those who were seronegative at baseline, seroconversion rates after one dose of MMR were 69%, 56%, and 97% for measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively. Seronegative patients after one dose of MMR (i.e., nonresponders) seroconverted for measles and mumps after a second MMR vaccine dose.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate successful restoration of protective immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella after vaccination in adult HCT recipients; one dose of MMR elicited protective titers in the majority of patients, and a second vaccine dose was immunogenic in nonresponders.
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Ala vestibuloplasty improves cardiopulmonary and activity‐related parameters in brachycephalic cats
Authors: Gleason Hadley E. , Phillips Heidi , Fries Ryan , Keating Stephanie , Hamel Phillip , McCoy Annette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of ala vestibuloplasty on cardiopulmonary and lifestyle‐related parameters in brachycephalic (BC) cats.Study designProspective cohort.AnimalsClient‐owned BC cats (n = 19).MethodsCats were assessed preoperatively by airway computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, contrast echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, and structured owner questionnaire. Ala vestibuloplasty was performed bilaterally, and blood values, imaging, and owner questionnaire responses were re‐evaluated 8‐20 weeks postoperatively.ResultsCats were presented for predominantly respiratory clinical signs attributable to brachycephaly. Preoperatively, all cats had stenotic nares, prolonged normalized pulmonary transit time (nPTT) (mean 5.43 ± 1.10 s), and a hyperattenuating pulmonary pattern. No complications occurred following surgery. Postoperatively, nPTT (mean 3.89 ± 0.74 s,p < .001) and frequencies of sneezing (p = .002), snoring (p = .006), open‐mouth breathing (p = .0004), and nasal discharge (p = .019) were decreased. Cats exhibited increased activity (p = .005), less frequent dyspnea during activity (p < .001), longer duration of activity before becoming dyspneic (p = .002), faster recovery from activity (p < .001), and decreased respiratory noise (p < .001). Median questionnaire scores improved from preoperative to postoperative (p < .001).ConclusionAnatomic, echocardiographic, and CT changes were common in this cohort of clinically affected BC cats. Pulmonary blood flow and respiratory function were improved after surgery.Clinical significanceStenotic nares are the predominant airway abnormality in BC cats. Ala vestibuloplasty is a safe procedure that improves cardiac and CT abnormalities and respiratory and other clinical signs in BC cats.
Understanding the Effects of Process Conditions on Thermal–Defect Relationship: A Transfer Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Senanayaka Ayantha , Tian Wenmeng , Falls T. C. , Bian Linkan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aims to develop an intelligent, rapid porosity prediction methodology for additive manufacturing (AM) processes under varying process conditions by leveraging knowledge transfer from the existing process conditions. Conventional machine learning (ML) algorithms are extensively used in porosity prediction for AM processes. These approaches assume that the underline distribution of the source (training) and target (testing) is the same and that target labels are available for modeling purposes. However, the source and target sometimes follow different distributions in real-world manufacturing environments as the diversity of industrialization processes leads to heterogeneous data collection under different production conditions. This will reduce the ability of decision-making with conventional approaches. Transfer learning (TL) is one of the robust techniques that enables transferring learned knowledge between the target and source to establish a robust relationship while the target has fewer data. Therefore, this paper presents an unsupervised grouping-based transfer learning method to characterize the relationship between an unknown target and sources. The similarities between sources and targets are learned by forming a new mixed domain, which organizes data into identity groups. Then, a group-based learning process is designated to transfer knowledge to make target predictions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by predicting porosity based on thermal images collected from the AM process under different process conditions, i.e., single-source and multi-source transfer to target porosity prediction. The performance comparison demonstrates that the in situ porosity prediction using the proposed method outperformed state-of-art classification models support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN), and different TL methods such as TL with NNs (TLNN), and TL with CNNs (TLCNN).
Face Turning of Single Crystal (111)Ge: Cutting Mechanics and Surface/Subsurface Characteristics
Authors: Zare A. , Tunesi M. , Harriman T. A. , Troutman J. R. , Davies M. A. , Lucca D. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Single crystal Ge is a semiconductor that has broad applications, especially in manipulation of infrared light. Diamond machining enables the efficient production of surfaces with tolerances required by the optical industry. During machining of anisotropic single crystals, the cutting direction with respect to the in-plane lattice orientation plays a fundamental role in the final quality of the surface and subsurface. In this study, on-axis face turning experiments were performed on an undoped (111)Ge wafer to investigate the effects of crystal anisotropy and feedrate on the surface and subsurface conditions. Atomic force microscopy and scanning white light interferometry were used to characterize the presence of brittle fracture on the machined surfaces and to evaluate the resultant surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the residual stresses and lattice disorder induced by the tool during machining. Nanoindentation with Berkovich and cube corner indenter tips was performed to evaluate elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of the machined surfaces and to study their variations with feedrate and cutting direction. Post-indentation studies of selected indentations were also performed to characterize the corresponding quasi-plasticity mechanisms. It was found that an increase of feedrate produced a rotation of the resultant force imparted by the tool indicating a shift from indentation-dominant to cutting-dominant behavior. Fracture increased with the feedrate and showed a higher propensity when the cutting direction belonged to the &lt;112¯&gt; family.
A Novel Transformable Leg-Wheel Mechanism
Authors: Wei Zhong , Ping Peng , Luo Yong , Liu Jia , Chen Dapeng , Wang Weixi , Sun Huiyu , Song Aiguo , Song Guangming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel transformable leg-wheel mechanism is proposed. It has three active joints, among which the hip roll joint is directly driven, the hip pitch joint is driven by gear transmission, and the knee joint is driven by synchronous belt transmission. All the actuators are mounted on the body to reduce the weight of the leg-wheel mechanism as possible, so that the motion of the leg-wheel mechanism will be slightly affected by the inertia. The proposed mechanism has two characteristics, the big wheel radius and the reduced actuator. The design and kinematics modeling methods of the leg-wheel mechanism are described. A half-a-heart shape trajectory is proposed to plan the foot motion of the leg-wheel mechanism in the legged locomotion. To make the locomotion mode transition smooth, the transition strategy is designed. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed leg-wheel mechanism.
Approach for Identifying Cartesian Stiffness of a 5-Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Robot for Machining
Authors: Yue Wei , Liu Haitao , Li Guangxi , Xu Ke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article presents a systematic approach for identifying the Cartesian stiffness of a 5-degree-of-freedom (DOF) hybrid robot for machining that includes a parallel mechanism and an A/C wrist. The novelty of this approach is that the elasticities of both links and joints in the parallel mechanism are integrated into the compliance (inverse of stiffness) parameters at the limb level. By identifying the compliance parameters at the limb level rather than at the joint/link level, the number of parameters to be identified is significantly reduced and the complexity of the identification problem is decreased. Based on screw theory, the Cartesian stiffness model of this hybrid robot is established first. Then, by reconstructing this stiffness model, a linear regression model suitable for estimating the compliance parameter is derived. In addition, a two-step systematic procedure for parameter estimation is introduced, including the reconstruction of the design matrix and robust ridge estimation. Finally, both computer simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the predictive deviations of the end-effector deflections identified by ridge estimation are less than those estimated by linear least squares, confirming its greater robustness. The experimental results indicate that the developed method has potential in industrial settings.
Physical Activity and Screen Viewing Behaviors Among Children Aged 6–9 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Albesher Reem A. , Basuodan Reem M. 
Published: March 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many restrictions worldwide, including lockdowns and school closures. This may have prevented children from meeting the recommended physical activity (PA) levels and screen time. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on school-age children’s PA and screen time in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study where caregivers of children aged 6–9 years living in Saudi Arabia were recruited through convenience sampling to fill out an online survey between July and August 2020. The survey covered demographic information, PAs, and screen time across 3 periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 lockdown, and the last 7 days preceding the survey during the pandemic where social distancing applied, but no lockdown. Results: A total of 339 caregivers completed the online survey about their children. The number of active children slightly increased during the lockdown (9.7%) than before COVID-19 and the last days (5.8%); however, the average reported days of PA during the pandemic were fewer than before. The findings indicated that all 3 types of screen time (watch time, screenplay, and device time) were longer during the pandemic (mean [SD]: 9.5 [5.5]) than before the COVID-19 (mean [SD]: 5.8 [5.1]). Conclusion: While the proportion of active children had increased during the lockdown, the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted PA days and screen time in school-age children. School-age children in Saudi Arabia were already far from meeting global guidelines even before the pandemic, highlighting this population’s need for healthy lifestyle promotion.
Family outcome disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual families: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yun , Huang Haimei , Wang Min , Zhu Jiawen , Tan Sumin , Tian Weiyi , Mo Jinli , Jiang Li , Mo Jieling , Pan Wei , Ning Chuanyi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe number of children in sexual minority parent families has increased. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence of disparities in family outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual families and to identify specific social risk factors of poor family outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library and APA PsycNet for original studies that compared family outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual families. Two reviewers independently selected studies and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesise evidence.ResultsThirty-four articles were included. The narrative synthesis results revealed several significant findings for children’s gender role behaviour and gender identity/sexual orientation outcomes. Overall, 16 of 34 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The quantitative synthesis results suggested that sexual minority families may perform better in children’s psychological adjustment and parent–child relationship than heterosexual families (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.13, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.05; SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.20), but not couple relationship satisfaction (SMD 0.26, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.64), parental mental health (SMD 0.00, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.16), parenting stress (SMD 0.01, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.22) or family functioning (SMD 0.18, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.46).ConclusionMost of the family outcomes are similar between sexual minority and heterosexual families, and sexual minority families have even better outcomes in some domains. Relevant social risk factors of poor family outcomes included stigma and discrimination, poor social support and marital status, etc. The next step is to integrate multiple aspects of support and multilevel interventions to reduce the adverse effects on family outcomes with a long-term goal of influencing policy and law making for better services to individuals, families, communities and schools.
Sensitivity of a preanaesthesia screening and triage tool in identifying high-risk patients attending the preanaesthesia assessment clinic in a tertiary referral hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Misoi Brian , Mung'ayi Vitalis , Bal Rajpreet , Mohammedali Shamshudin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe use of preoperative triage questionnaires is an innovative way to mitigate the shortage of anaesthesiologists and to identify and refer high-risk patients early for evaluation. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of one such questionnaire in identifying high-risk patients in a Sub-Saharan population.DesignDiagnostic accuracy studySettingThe study was conducted in a preanaesthesia assessment clinic in a tertiary referral hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsThe study had a sample size of 128, including all patients above the age of 18 scheduled for elective surgery under any modality of anaesthesia other than local anaesthesia presenting to the preanaesthesia clinic. Patients scheduled for cardiac and major non-cardiac surgery and those non-literate in English were excluded.Outcome measuresThe sensitivity of the preanaesthesia risk assessment tool (PRAT) was the primary outcome measure. Other outcome measures were specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.ResultsMajority of patients were young and women with a mean age of 36 referred for obstetric and gynaecological procedures. The sensitivity of the PRAT in identifying high-risk patients was at 90.6% with 95% CI (76.9 to 98.2) in this current study while the specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were 37.5% with 95% CI (24.0 to 43.7), 92.3% with 95% CI (77.7 to 97.0) and 32.6% with 95% CI (29.6 to 37.3) respectively.ConclusionThe PRAT has a high sensitivity and may be used as a screening tool in identifying high risk patients to refer to the anaesthesiologist early before surgery. Adjusting the high risk criteria to fit the anaesthesiologists’ assessments may improve the specificity of the tool.
Care seeking for under-five children and vaccine perceptions during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos State, Nigeria: a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Bakare Ayobami Adebayo , Olojede Omotayo E , King Carina , Graham Hamish , Uchendu Obioma , Colbourn Tim , Falade Adegoke G , Alvesson Helle Molsted 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo explore healthcare seeking practices for children and the context-specific direct and indirect effects of public health interventions during the first two waves of COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. We also explored decision-making around vaccine acceptance at the start of COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in Nigeria.Design, setting and participantsA qualitative explorative study involving 19 semistructured interviews with healthcare providers from public and private primary health facilities and 32 interviews with caregivers of under-five children in Lagos from December 2020 to March 2021. Participants were purposively selected from healthcare facilities to include community health workers, nurses and doctors, and interviews were conducted in quiet locations at facilities. A data-driven reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clark was conducted.FindingsTwo themes were developed: appropriating COVID-19 in belief systems, and ambiguity about COVID-19 preventive measures. The interpretation of COVID-19 ranged from fearful to considering it as a ‘scam’ or ‘falsification from the government’. Underlying distrust in government fuelled COVID-19 misperceptions. Care seeking for children under five was affected, as facilities were seen as contagious places for COVID-19. Caregivers resorted to alternative care and self-management of childhood illnesses. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was a major concern among healthcare providers compared with community members at the time of vaccine roll-out in Lagos, Nigeria. Indirect impacts of COVID-19 lockdown included diminished household income, worsening food insecurity, mental health challenges for caregivers and reduced clinic visits for immunisation.ConclusionThe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos was associated with reductions in care seeking for children, clinic attendance for childhood immunisations and household income. Strengthening health and social support systems with context-specific interventions and correcting misinformation is crucial to building adaptive capacity for response to future pandemics.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001071819.