bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of treatment practices for immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19 in Australasia
Authors: Moso Michael A. , Sasadeusz Joe , Morrissey Catherine O. , Bond Katherine , Guy Stephen , Slavin Monica A. , Dendle Claire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in immunocompromised patients can lead to severe and prolonged illness. Data are limited with regard to management of COVID‐19 in this setting, particularly in persistent or recrudescent infection. The authors conducted an online survey among infectious diseases doctors to determine current approaches to treatment across Australasia. There was marked variability in responses relating to the diagnostic modalities and use of antiviral agents in patients with immunocompromise, highlighting the need for high‐quality studies to guide treatment decisions in this group.
Disparate statin prescribing following hospital discharge for stroke or transient ischemic attack: Findings from COMPASS
Authors: Cummings Doyle M. , Jones Sara , Bushnell Cheryl , Halladay Jacqueline , Hart Stephanie , Kinlaw Alan C. , Psioda Matt , Wen Fang , Sissine Mysha , Duncan Pamela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPublished guidelines recommend high‐intensity statins following an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The authors examined the potential for disparate patterns of statin prescribing in a cluster randomized trial of transitional care following acute stroke or TIA.MethodsMedications taken before hospitalization and statins prescribed at discharge among stroke and TIA patients at 27 participating hospitals were examined. Any statin and intensive statin prescribed at discharge were compared by age (<65, 65–75, >75 years), racial category (White vs. Black), sex (male vs. female), and rurality (urban vs. non‐urban) using logistic mixed models.ResultsAmong 3211 patients (mean age 67 years; 47% female; 29% Black), 90% and 55%, respectively, were prescribed any statin or intensive statin therapy at discharge. White (vs. Black) patients (0.71, 0.51–0.98) less commonly received any statin prescription, while stroke (vs. TIA) patients (1.90, 1.38–2.62) and those residing in urban areas (1.66, 1.07–2.55) more commonly received any statin prescription. Among those prescribed a statin, only 42% of White and 51% of Black patients >75 years. were prescribed an intensive statin; the OR for intensive statin prescribing was 0.44 for patients >75 years and was similar in a subgroup not on a statin previously.Conclusion/RelevanceFollowing stroke or TIA, statin prescribing remains lower in White patients, in those with TIA, and in those in non‐urban areas. Intensive statin prescribing remains limited, particularly in patients >75 years. These data may inform efforts to improve guideline concordant prescribing for post‐stroke patients.
Baseline tumor growth rate highlights the heterogeneity of well differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and predicts for increases in Ki67 index over time
Authors: Wang Stephanie J. , Whitman Julia , Paciorek Alan , Le Bryan Khuong , Nakakura Eric K. , Behr Spencer C. , Joseph Nancy , Zhang Li , Hope Thomas A. , Bergsland Emily K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRefined risk stratification for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs) has the potential to improve comparisons of study populations across clinical trials and facilitate drug development. Tumor growth rate (TGR) is a radiological metric with demonstrated prognostic value in well differentiated grade 1 and 2 (G1–2) GEP‐NETs, but little is known about TGR in G3 NETs. In this retrospective study of 48 patients with advanced G1–3 GEP‐NET, we calculated baseline TGR (TGR0) from radiological images of metastases acquired prior to first‐line therapy and evaluated its association with disease characteristics and outcomes. The median pretreatment Ki67 proliferation index for G1–3 tumors combined was 5% (range = 0.1%–52%) and median TGR0 was 4.8%/month (m) (range = 0%–45.9%/m). TGR0 correlated with pretreatment Ki67 across G1–3 pooled and within G3 GEP‐NET. Patients with higher TGR0 (>11.7%/m) tumors, which were primarily G3 pancreatic NETs, exhibited decreased time to first therapy (median, 2.2 vs. 5.3 months; p = .03) and shorter overall survival (median, 4.1 years vs. not reached; p = .003). Independent of therapies given, higher TGR0 GEP‐NETs experienced a greater incidence of Ki67 increase (100 vs. 50%; p = .02) and greater magnitude of Ki67 change (median, 14.0 vs. 0.1%; p = .04) upon serial biopsy. Importantly, TGR0, but not grade, predicted for future Ki67 increase in this series. Given the heterogeneity of well differentiated GEP‐NETs, future clinical trials may benefit from stratification for TGR0, particularly in G1–2 tumors, in which TGR0 does not correlate with Ki67. TGR0 has the potential to noninvasively identify patients with previously undiagnosed grade progression and those in whom more or less frequent monitoring may be appropriate. Additional research is needed to determine the prognostic and predictive value of TGR0 in larger and more homogeneously treated cohorts, and to ascertain if post‐treatment TGR has value in previously treated patients starting a new line of therapy.
The effect of nurse‐led digital health interventions on blood pressure control for people with hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hwang Misun , Chang Ae Kyung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeNurse‐led digital health interventions (DHIs) for people with chronic disease are increasing. However, the effect of nurse‐led DHIs on blood pressure control and hypertension self‐management remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of nurse‐led DHIs for people with hypertension and compared the effect size of nurse‐led DHIs with that of usual care to establish evidence for the development of effective nursing interventions using technologies.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews of Intervention (PRISMA) guidelines and registered the protocol in PROSPERO. Studies published from 2000 to August 5, 2021, were searched using the international databases: PubMed; Embase; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Web of Science; CINAHL; Korean databases: RISS, KISS, KMBASE; and NDSL. Risk of bias 2.0 was used for evaluating the quality of studies. The primary outcome was blood pressure control. The secondary outcomes were self‐management, medication adherence, and diet adherence. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's regression tests.FindingsThe systematic review included 26 studies. A meta‐analysis of 21 studies was conducted to calculate the effect size and identify heterogeneity among the included studies. In our meta‐analysis, we observed that nurse‐led DHIs reduced systolic blood pressure by 6.49 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: −8.52 to −4.46, I2 = 75.4%, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure by 3.30 mmHg (95% CI: −4.58 to −2.01, I2 = 70.3%, p < 0.05) when compared with usual care. Concerning secondary outcomes, the effect size on self‐management, medication adherence, and diet adherence was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.58 to 1.37, I2 = 63.2%, p < 0.05), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.41 to 1.69, I2 = 92.5%, p < 0.05), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.17 to 1.42, I2 = 80.5%, p < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionNurse‐led DHIs were more effective in reducing blood pressure and enhancing self‐management than usual care among people with hypertension. Therefore, as new technologies are being rapidly developed and applied in healthcare systems, further studies and policy support are needed to utilize the latest digital innovations with nursing interventions.Clinical relevanceThis study could be used to identify that nurse‐led interventions may take advantage of real‐time communication by employing digital technologies for improving blood control and self‐management behaviors such as medication adherence and diet adherence. Using nurse‐led DHIs allows nurses to provide patient‐centered interventions such as reflecting on patients' needs and shared decision‐making without space constraints and limited treatment time.
Normative data for macular and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy German children and adolescents using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Söhnel Tanja , Meigen Christof , Hiemisch Andreas , Wahl Siegfried , Ziemssen Focke , Truckenbrod Carolin , Hübner Katharina , Kiess Wieland 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo establish normative data for macular thickness, macular volume and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using Spectralis® spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) in healthy German children and adolescents and investigate influencing factors.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included the right eye of 695 children with at least one complete retinal OCT scan. As part of the LIFE Child study, the children underwent an ophthalmological examination including axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE) and OCT measurements. Various questionnaires were answered by the children or their parents to identify media use or outdoor time. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the potential influencing factors.ResultsA total of 342 boys and 353 girls with an average age (SD) of 12.91 (3.29) years participated. The mean AL (SD) was 23.20 (0.86) mm. The mean macular thickness (SD) was 320.53 (12.29) μm and the mean RNFL thickness (SD) was 102.88 (8.79) μm. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between average macular thickness and age (p < 0.001, β = 0.77) as well as AL (p < 0.001, β = −4.06). In addition, boys had thicker maculae (p < 0.001, β = 5.36). The RNFL thickness showed no significant correlation with children's age (p > 0.05), but with AL (p = 0.002, β = −2.15), birth weight (p = 0.02, β = 0.003) and a gender‐specific effect of the body mass index standard deviation score for male participants (p = 0.02, β = 1.93).ConclusionThis study provides normative data and correlations between macular and RNFL thickness in healthy German children. Especially age, gender and AL must be taken into account when evaluating quantitative OCT measurements to classify them as normal.
Restricting the T‐schema to solve the liar
Authors: Warren Jared 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIf we want to retain classical logic and standard syntax in light of the liar, we are forced to restrict the T‐schema. The traditional philosophical justification for this is sentential – liar sentences somehow malfunction. But the standard formal way of implementing this is conditional, our T‐sentences tell us that if “p” does not malfunction, then “p” is true if and only if p. Recently Bacon and others have pointed out that conditional T‐restrictions like this flirt with incoherence. If we want to keep the “malfunction” motivation, our only other option is to non‐conditionally restrict the T‐schema, but Field and others have given powerful philosophical and technical arguments against this kind of approach. Here I argue that if we really take the philosophical motivation for restricting T‐sentences seriously, we can explain why conditional restrictions fail, answer Field's argument, and reason in a coherent way about truth using a non‐conditional restriction strategy. This cracks the door open for a fully classical response to the liar and related paradoxes. In closing, I argue that, when properly understood, this kind of “restriction” is not really a restriction at all. If this is right, then the holy grail of liar studies (classical logic, naïve truth, and standard syntax) may yet be attainable.
Everyday geographies of market transition: Agro‐science, socio‐technical relations, and the contingencies of market making in peri‐urban Lhasa, Tibet
Authors: Qian Junxi , Zhang Han , Liu Yajing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractState‐promoted and market‐oriented horticultural production has fundamentally reshaped land use and agricultural economy in peri‐urban Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. This paper examines two scenarios amidst this transformation. In the first, peri‐urban land has been valorised for vegetable production through the erection of greenhouses and the introduction of agronomic science. However, Tibetans refrain from participating directly, preferring to lease the land to Han migrants, and citing structural inequalities between Han and Tibetans and Tibetan work ethic as explanation. In the second, the municipal government is more proactive in introducing agro‐science and providing technical training to enrol Tibetans. However, the participation of Tibetans is selective and partial, contingent on the same non‐market rationalities that Tibetans invoke to justify non‐participation in the first scenario. This paper explicates the diverging modes of participation for Tibetans by engaging with the Callonian approach on economisation and marketisation, and interrogating how socio‐technical relations established among humans, material infrastructure and agro‐science culminate in variegated calculative and non‐calculative agencies. Focusing in particular on the structural relations and cultural conventions that frustrate the unilinear enactment of a market order, this study contributes to the geographies of marketisation in two ways. First, it works with an analytical framework centred on the ongoing dynamic of framing, overflowing and reframing to argue that the marketisation approach can be expanded to account for the encounters between market agencements and local socio‐cultural contingencies. Geographically, second, it also contributes to the agenda of interrogating diverse market variants and the richness of economic differences in real space‐times.
Weed suppression by cereals: Beyond ‘competitive ability’
Authors: Weiner Jacob 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch research on cereal‐weed competition has been directed towards finding cultivars that have high ‘competitive ability’ with weeds. I argue that this objective is insufficient, because weed suppression is usually the result of interactions among genotype, environment and management rather than direct effects of genotype, and this limits the usefulness of competitive ability as a general concept. The clearest example of this is the effect of cereal crop density. Cultivars of wheat and maize that compete best with weeds are often different at high versus low crop density. This is especially relevant because effective weed suppression, a reduction of weed growth to very low levels by competition from the crop, is only possible at high crop density and spatial uniformity. The potential for improving weed suppression by crops under standard regional management practices, which are usually based on weed‐free conditions, is limited, and there is likely to be a significant cost in yield. To make major improvements in weed suppression and thereby reduce greatly our dependence on chemical weed control, researchers should focus more on management strategies that benefit the crop in competition with weeds, and then on traits that improve weed suppression under the relevant management regime, rather than considering differences in management as a form of environmental variation and looking for traits promoting general competitive ability.
Development of the Systems Thinking for Health Actions framework: a literature review and a case study
Authors: Thelen Jenna , Sant Fruchtman Carmen , Bilal Muhammad , Gabaake Kebabonye , Iqbal Shahid , Keakabetse Tshiamo , Kwamie Aku , Mokalake Ellen , Mupara Lucia Mungapeyi , Seitio-Kgokgwe Onalenna , Zafar Shamsa , Cobos Muñoz Daniel 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSystems thinking is an approach that views systems with a holistic lens, focusing on how components of systems are interconnected. Specifically, the application of systems thinking has proven to be beneficial when applied to health systems. Although there is plenty of theory surrounding systems thinking, there is a gap between the theoretical use of systems thinking and its actual application to tackle health challenges. This study aimed to create a framework to expose systems thinking characteristics in the design and implementation of actions to improve health.MethodsA systematised literature review was conducted and a Taxonomy of Systems Thinking Objectives was adapted to develop the new ‘Systems Thinking for Health Actions’ (STHA) framework. The applicability of the framework was tested using the COVID-19 response in Pakistan as a case study.ResultsThe framework identifies six key characteristics of systems thinking: (1) recognising and understanding interconnections and system structure, (2) identifying and understanding feedback, (3) identifying leverage points, (4) understanding dynamic behaviour, (5) using mental models to suggest possible solutions to a problem and (6) creating simulation models to test policies. The STHA framework proved beneficial in identifying systems thinking characteristics in the COVID-19 national health response in Pakistan.ConclusionThe proposed framework can provide support for those aiming to applying systems thinking while developing and implementing health actions. We also envision this framework as a retrospective tool that can help assess if systems thinking was applied in health actions.
Gain of TlBr/BrCl Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Authors: Al-Nashy Baqer O. , Al-Mosawi Buraq T. Sh. , Oleiwi Mushtaq Obaid , Al-Khursan Amin H. 
Published: March 2023

This work studies the thallium halogenide TlBr/BrCl quantum dot (QD) semiconductor structure and specifies its optical properties. This QD structure is poorly studied. High gain is obtained, with two peaks at

800

and

3000

n
m

. Doping is shown to increase the gain by one order. Then, TlBr QD semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) characteristics are studied. High dB gain is shown mainly at the doped structure, which can be used in various inline applications.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unifies Developmental Programs of Esophageal and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Nowicki-Osuch Karol , Zhuang Lizhe , Cheung Tik Shing , Black Emily L. , Masqué-Soler Neus , Devonshire Ginny , Redmond Aisling M. , Freeman Adam , di Pietro Massimilliano , Pilonis Nastazja , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , O'Donovan Maria , Tavaré Simon , Shields Jacqueline D. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus IM, or BE-IM) and stomach (GIM) are considered precursors for esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. We hypothesize that BE-IM and GIM follow parallel developmental trajectories in response to differing inflammatory insults. Here, we construct a single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas, supported by protein expression studies, of the entire gastrointestinal tract spanning physiologically normal and pathologic states including gastric metaplasia in the esophagus (E-GM), BE-IM, atrophic gastritis, and GIM. We demonstrate that BE-IM and GIM share molecular features, and individual cells simultaneously possess transcriptional properties of gastric and intestinal epithelia, suggesting phenotypic mosaicism. Transcriptionally E-GM resembles atrophic gastritis; genetically, it is clonal and has a lower mutational burden than BE-IM. Finally, we show that GIM and BE-IM acquire a protumorigenic, activated fibroblast microenvironment. These findings suggest that BE-IM and GIM can be considered molecularly similar entities in adjacent organs, opening the path for shared detection and treatment strategies.

Significance:
Our data capture the gradual molecular and phenotypic transition from a gastric to intestinal phenotype (IM) in the esophagus and stomach. Because BE-IM and GIM can predispose to cancer, this new understanding of a common developmental trajectory could pave the way for a more unified approach to detection and treatment.
See related commentary by Stachler, p. 1291.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275
The Influence of Scholarship on the Shaping and Making of the Law of the Sea
Authors: Ridings Penelope Jane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article looks at the capacity of law of the sea scholarship to leverage change and evolution in international law. It first situates scholarship within Article 38(1)(d) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and extends the discussion to introduce law of the sea scholarship as a community of practice. It considers the influence of scholarship on the law of the sea by illustrating 1) the direct and indirect entry points of law of the sea scholarship into the law of the sea, 2) the push-pull forces between scholarship and practice and 3) the contribution that law of the sea scholarship, as a community of practice, can make to the formation of international law. Overcoming the limitations of a law of the sea community of practice can enhance the capacity of legal scholarship to not only shape but to make international law.
Human Rights in Crises
Authors: Olomojobi Yinka , Abiodun-Oni Taiwo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Nigerian nation has gone through a countless number of socio-economic and political challenges since its spontaneous union of numerous ethno-religious, political, and geo-regional races on January 1, 1914.
There have been joint threats to the cohesion, assimilation, and unity of the Nigerian State due to the prevalence of a tense political system that is deeply ingrained with a deeply divided society. These threats include symptoms of not only disaffection but also an escalation of insecurities such as conflicts over resource allocation and revenue control, cattle rustling, kidnapping, cultism, armed banditry, the politics of inter-ethnic conflict.
This paper adopted the doctrinal and historiographical methods of research to appraise the subject of the research. The paper concluded that while it has been established in this paper that self-determination is indeed provided for in both the Universal declaration of Human Rights, 1948 (udhr) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, 1986 (achpr), it has also been established to be against the Constitution of Nigeria, which is founded on the incontrovertible principles of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. The paper further recommended that consensual regionalism is the way forward for satisfying dissenting voices, and guaranteeing adequate representation in government.
De Armeense Liturgie
Authors: Driessen O.P. W. C. H. 
Published: March 2023

La Liturgie Annénienne
Après une brève description du sentiment religieux, expression. son tour du sentiment national arménien l'auteur brosse les grandes lignes de l'origine de la liturgie arménienne. Ensuite il voudrait donner une vue d'ensemble la plus complète possible des livres liturgiques arménien.s dans la mesure oü ils sont connus soit des exemplaires imprimés, soit. l'état de manuscrits. La deuxième partie donne une description de la célébration eucharistique selon Ie rite armé nien tel qu'on l'accomplit. présent dans les divers centres, Le propos de)'auteur n'est pas d'insister par trop sur les caractéristiques spéciales. cette liturgie, mais plutöt de décrire la célébration liturg ique te11e qu'elle apparaît aux yeux de ceux qui, sans être liturgistes, s'intéressent aux choses arméniennes. Il termine par un aperçu bibliographique.
De Koptische Kerk
Authors: Wijnhoven A.A. F. 
Published: March 2023

L'Eglise Copte
L’auteur résumc l’histoire des Coptes, qui depuis des siècles forment un îlot chrétien dans le monde musulman d’Egypte. Ensuite il décrit la situation actuelle assez précaire (conflit entre Le clergé et les laïcs, pénurie d’écoles libres), mais découvre pourtant quelques points Iumineux (une élite intellectuelle pleine de zèle pour la religion).