bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Analysis of Spatial Accessibility to Acute Hospitals in Carinthia, Austria
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Leitner Michael , Paulus Gernot 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Studies on spatial accessibility to health care are well established in the US for examining disparities and inequities but lacking in Austria although both experience high health care spending and have hospital care as the largest payer. This study aims to address this gap by systematically examining multiscale spatial accessibility to acute hospitals in Carinthia, one of nine provinces in Austria. Using the most recent data, the study refines the proximity method by considering bypass behavior and the generalized two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method by incorporating distance decay to examine accessibility at the census block and 250-meter grid levels while accounting for the classic Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and edge effects. The results reveal that, on average, travel times to the nearest acute hospitals are 16 minutes for census blocks and 21 minutes for grids, covering 58.8% and 76.2% of the population, respectively. For the three nearest acute hospitals, they increase to 25 and 31 minutes, covering slightly lower populations of 52.6% and 73.4%, respectively. The bypass behavior is more influential as 20% more population living in mountainous or rural areas need to travel more than 30 minutes. The G2SFCA method with a more pronounced distance decay tends to result in a more decentralized polycentric structure of accessibility and identify more areas with the poorest access. While the urban advantage is most evident in Klagenfurt and Villach, but not all areas close to acute hospitals enjoy the best accessibility as captured by the G2SFCA method. The two methods capture different profiles of accessibility. In combination, they can identify less accessible areas, which is a key priority for health policy to improve access. In addition, the MAUP tends to overestimate accessibility at a coarse level and in areas with less or sparsely distributed populations. The edge effects tend to occur at the border when using the proximity method, but it is more sensitive if considering bypass behavior or using the G2SFCA method with a weak decay effect. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial accessibility of acute hospitals in Carinthia and highlights the challenges faced by rural, mountainous, and other underserved areas in accessing acute care, with significant implications for health equity and resource allocation. It also underscores the importance of considering different geographic units and edge effects for health care planning and management.
Microbiological safety criteria for products from unconventional raw materials: raw bear fat
Authors: Vechtomova Elena , Dolgolyuk Irina , Orlova Maria , Zaushintsena Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

Fat of game animals is a prospective raw material for bioactive additives. Before such a product enters the market, food science has to make sure it is safe for consumption.
This research featured subcutaneous adipose tissue of brown bears tested with standard methods for microbiological safety indicators. The microbial properties were studied on liquid and solid nutrient media. Staphylococcus was profiled using a VITEK 2 Compact biochemical automatic analyzer and Gram-positive cards (Bio-Mérieux, France). The analysis followed the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 021/2011 On Food Safety (December 09, 2011).
The microbial count for mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms was 1.5×103 CFU/g. The fat samples revealed no molds, yeasts, or Escherichia coli bacteria. Liquid and solid nutrient media made it possible to describe the qualitative profile and cultural properties of the bear fat microflora against pork fat, which served as control. The automatic system identified Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, and oxidase-positive Staphylococcus lentus and Staphylococcus sciuri. In line with the modern classification, they belong to the new genus of Mammaliicoccus, namely Mammaliicoccus sciuri.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue of brown bears needs to undergo a microbiological safety test before consumption. Bear fat requires additional research in order to become a safe raw material for food products and bioactive additives.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of hydro-meteorological droughts and their connections to large-scale atmospheric circulations in the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Suhana Lily , Tan Mou Leong , Luhaim Zibeon , Ramli Mohd Hilmi P. , Subki Noor Syuhadah , Tangang Fredolin , Ishak Asnor Muizan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Climate change exacerbates dry seasons in Southeast Asia, leading to water supply shortage. However, the link between hydro-meteorological droughts and large-scale atmospheric circulations, such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), has received very little attention. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the hydro-meteorological droughts that occurred in the Kelantan River Basin (KRB) between 1985 and 2020 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) as well as their connections to ENSO, IOD, and MJO. Sen's slope and Mann–Kendall test were employed to evaluate the trends and magnitude changes of the historical droughts, respectively. In addition, the response rate of SSI to SPI was considered to understand how precipitation affects streamflow. The results show that extremely dry events occurred in 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1997–1998, 2015–2016, and 2020. Based on the SSI results, more than 70% of extremely dry periods last 6 months or longer. Interestingly, from January to May, when there was low precipitation, SSI had a higher response rate to SPI. The ENSO, as opposed to the IOD and MJO, had a stronger impact on the dry conditions over the KRB.
Meta-analysis of the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Circulating
TMAO Levels as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Simental-Mendia Luis E. , Zengin Gokhan , Almahmeed Wael , Kesharwani Prashant , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of the gut microbiota
that is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Because bariatric surgery (BS)
produces changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, the production of TMAO can
be compromised. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of
BS on circulating TMAO levels.

Methods:
A systematic search was carried on in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and
Scopus databases. The meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
(CMA) V2 software. The overall effect size was determined by a random-effects metaanalysis
and the leave-one-out approach.

Results:
Random-effects meta-analysis of 5 studies consisting of 142 subjects demonstrated
a significant increase in circulating TMAO levels after BS (SMD: 1.190, 95% CI:
0.521, 1.858, p<0.001; I2:89.30%).

Conclusion:
Considering that levels of TMAO are affected after BS due to gut microbial
metabolism alteration, there has been a significant elevation in TMAO concentrations observed
to occur after BS in obese subjects.
The Influence of KIR Gene Polymorphisms and KIR-ligand Binding on Outcomes in Hematologic Malignancies following Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bakhtiari Tahereh , Ahmadvand Mohammad , Salmaninejad Arash , Ghaderi Afshin , Yaghmaie Marjan , Sadeghi Alireza , Mousavi Seied Asadollah , Rostami Tahereh , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:Natural killer (NK) cell behavior and function are controlled by a balance between negative or positive signals generated by an extensive array of activating and inhibiting receptors, including killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) proteins, main components of the innate immune system that contribute to initial responses against viral infected-transformed cells through generation of the release of cytokines and cytotoxicity. What is certain is that KIRs are genetically polymorphic and the extent of KIRs diversity within the individuals may have the potential outcomes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this regard, recent studies suggest that KIR is as imperative as its ligand (HLA) in stem cell transplantation for malignant diseases. However, unlike HLA epitope mismatches, which are well-known causes of NK alloreactivity, a complete understanding of KIR genes' role in HSCT remains unclear. Because of genetic variability in KIR gene content, allelic polymorphism, and cell-surface expression among individuals, an appropriate selection of donors based on HLA and KIR profiles is crucial to improve outcomes of stem cell transplantation. In addition, the impact of the KIR/HLA interaction on HSCT outcomes needs to be investigated more comprehensively. The present work aimed to review the NK cell regeneration, KIR gene polymorphisms, and KIRligand binding on outcomes in hematologic malignancies following haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Comprehensive data gathered from the literature can provide new insight into the significance of KIR matching status in transplantations.
Deskripsi Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel
Authors: Sari Nadia Nopita , Kurniawati Nia , Wijaka Ratih Nonisa 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP kelas VIII yang ada di lingkungan RT. 31 RW. 04 Kandang Mas Kota Bengkulu. Pemilihan subjek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan wawancara. sehingga diperoleh gambaran kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis berupa 3 butir soal uraian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa RF dan AC memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematika yang tergolong tinggi, siswa RF dan AC sudah mampu menafsirkan simbol-simbol matematika, dan menyelesaikan permasalahan secara tepat dan jelas. Sedangkan siswa AF dan RI memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematika yang tergolong rendah, siswa AF dan RI hanya mampu menafsirkan dan menyelesaikan soal secara sederhana. Kata Kunci: Komunikasi Matematis
Analisis Berpikir Kritis Siswa terhadap Pemecahan Masalah Matematika di MTs Surya Buana Malang
Authors: Amanda Nata , Nusantara Toto 
Published: May 2023

Pemecahan masalah menjadi sentral dalam pembelajaran matematika Hal ini dapat dimaklumi karena penyelesaian masalah dekat kehidupan sehari-hari. Selain itu, penyelesaian masalah melibatkan proses berpikir secara optimal. Agar proses penyelesaian masalah dalam matematika dapat dikuasai dengan baik, salah satunya melalui penghargaan terhadap perbedaan masing-masing siswa. Dengan pengamatan yang mendalam pada diri siswa, akan disadari adanya berbagai jenis perbedaan berpikir. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika dibutuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis untuk menentukan ide awal pengerjaan soal tersebut. Karena tidak semua soal matematika dapat langsung diselesaikan menggunakan rumus. Siswa yang mempunyai kemampuan berpikir kritis yang tinggi dalam menentukan ide awal pengerjaan soal-soal matematika akan lebih mudah untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal tersebut, sedangkan siswa dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis rendah akan merasa kesulitan dalam mengerjakan soal-soal tersebut Jadi, respons siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika dapat berbeda-beda. Artikel ini merupakan hasil diskusi tentang mendeskripsikan hasil analisis berpikir kritis siswa pada pemecahan masalah matematis di SMP Surya Buana Malang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar pemecahan masalah, dan pedoman wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 siswa yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi, sedang, dan rendah.
Pengembangan Instrumen Integrated Assessment antara Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Penguasaan Konsep IPA untuk Mengukur Aspek Kognitif Proses
Authors: Santoso Agus , Kolonial Prodjosantoso Anti 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kelakayan instrumen, mengetahui hasil pengukuran aspek kognitif proses, dan mengetahui respon keterpakaian instrumen. Penelitian ini merupakan research development dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D. Prosedur penelitian ini meliputi (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, dan (4) disseminate. Subjek uji coba validasi instrumen integrated assessment dilakukan pada siswa di satu SMP dan uji keterpakaian produk pada siswa di tiga SMP di provinsi DIY. Teknik pengambilan data meliputi wawancara, angket, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini berupa produk soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur aspek kognitif proses yang layak secara teoritis ditinjau dari standar pembuatan tes sesuai hasil validasi ahli dan uji coba empiris. Hasil validasi ahli diperoleh validasi isi V Aiken sebesar 0,98 yang berarti instrumen tes dinyatakan sangat baik, sedangkan hasil uji coba empiris diperoleh 49 butir soal fit dan satu butir soal tidak fit, selanjutnya reliabilitas item tes adalah 0,73 dan reliabilitas sampel adalah 0,92. Hasil pengukuran di sekolah menunjukkan sekolah berkategori tinggi memiliki penguasaan aspek kognitif proses lebih baik daripada sekolah berkategori sedang dan kategori rendah. Hasil respon keterpakaian produk instrumen integrated assessment di sekolah dinyatakan dengan kriteria baik.
Pengaruh Tingkat Kemandirian Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Maghfirin Asif Mas Bahul , Kurniati Lenny , Kusumawati Ratih 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan tingkat kemandirian belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika selama pandemi COVID-19. Mengetahui tingkat kemandirian belajar dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika selama pandemi COVID-19. Menentukan pengaruh tingkat kemandirian belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika selama pandemi COVID-19. Menentukan faktor penyebab tingkat kemandirian belajar selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian kuantitatif ini dilakukan terhadap siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah Gubug. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen angket yang mengukur tingkat kemandirian belajar siswa. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan angket. Kelayakan instrumen dianalisis menggunakan konversi skor skala 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kemandirian belajar berhubungan terhadap prestasi belajar. Tingkat kemandirian belajar berpengaruh sedang terhadap prestasi belajar matematika selama pandemi COVID-19 sebesar 23%. Persentase faktor penyebab tingkat kemandirian belajar selama pandemi COVID-19 yaitu keturunan orang tua sebesat 22%, pola asuh orang tua sebesar 26%, sistem pendidikan sebesar 22%, dan sistem kehidupan sebesar 30%.
Meteors May Masquerade as Lightning in the Atmosphere of Venus
Authors: Blaske Claire H , O'Rourke Joseph Ghilarducci , Desch Steven , Borrelli Madison E 
Published: May 2023

Lightning in the atmosphere of Venus is either ubiquitous, rare, or
non-existent, depending on
how one interprets diverse observations. Quantifying when and where, or
even if lightning
occurs would provide novel information about Venus’s atmospheric
dynamics and chemistry.
Lightning is also a potential risk to future missions, which could float
in the cloud layers (~50–
70 km above the surface) for up to an Earth-year. Over decades,
spacecraft and ground-based
telescopes have searched for lightning at Venus using many instruments,
including
magnetometers, radios, and optical cameras. Two optical surveys (from
the Akatsuki orbiter and
the 61-inch telescope on Mt. Bigelow, Arizona) observed several flashes
at 777 nm (the
unresolved triplet emission lines of excited atomic oxygen) that have
been attributed to lightning.
This conclusion is based, in part, on the statistical unlikelihood of so
many meteors producing
such energetic flashes, based in turn on the presumption that a low
fraction (< 1%) of a meteor’s
optical energy is emitted at 777 nm. We use observations of terrestrial
meteors and analogue
experiments to show that a much higher conversion factor
(~5–10%) should be expected.
Therefore, we calculate that smaller, more numerous meteors could have
caused the observed
flashes. Lightning is likely too rare to pose a hazard to missions that
pass through or dwell in the
clouds of Venus. Likewise, small meteors burn up at altitudes of
~100 km, roughly twice as high
above the surface as the clouds, and also would not pose a hazard.
PENYULUHAN PENCEGAHAN STROKE DAN FAKTOR RISIKONYA PADA LANSIA
Authors: Rakhma Titian , Dewi Listiana Masyita , Putri Nabilla Munanda , Ruspita Wiza Sarlia , Madania Makiyatul , Khusna Syafira Anggraini , Fadhilah Nurul , Feriyanto Dedek Dani 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRAK
Stroke merupakan penyakit defisit neurologis yang disebabkan oleh perdarahan ataupun sumbatan yang dapat menimbulkan kecacatan ataupun kematian. Di dunia stroke menduduki urutan kedua penyebab kematian dan urutan keenam penyebab kecacatan. Prevalensi stroke di Indonesia tahun 2018 sebanyak 10,9%. Di Jawa Tengah menduduki peringkat kedua jumlah penderita stroke. Kabupaten Sukoharjo sendiri memiliki kasus stroke hemorrhagi terbanyak dibandingkan kabupaten lain sebanyak 14,9%. Pentingnya untuk mencegah dan mengontrol faktor risiko stroke. Penyuluhan diadakan dalam rangka memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat mengenai pencegahan stroke dan faktor risikonya. Langkah yang digunakan adalah dengan memberikan materi dan pretes-postes. Pretes dan postest bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dari peserta penyuluhan mengenai pencegahan stroke dan faktor risikonya. Perbandingan dari rata-rata jawaban benar pre-test sebesar 40,35% dan postes sebesar 83 92%. Hasil yang didapat dinilai menggunakan uji Normalitas dan homogenitas dan uji T berpasangan, didapatkan nilai p < 0,005. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan setelah diberikannya materi oleh pemateri. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan penyuluhan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai pencegahan stroke dan factor risikonya pada lansia.
ABSTRACT
A stroke is a neurological deficit disease caused by bleeding or blockage that can cause disability or death. In the world, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the sixth leading cause of disability. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia in 2018 was 10.9%. In Central Java, it ranks second in the number of stroke sufferers. Sukoharjo district itself has the most cases of hemorrhagic stroke compared to other districts as much as 14.9%. The importance of preventing and controlling stroke risk factors. Counseling is held to provide information to the public regarding stroke prevention and risk factors. The steps used are to provide material and pretest-posttest. The pretest and posttest aim to determine the knowledge of the counseling participants regarding stroke prevention and risk factors. The comparison of the average correct answers for the pre-test was 40.35% and the post-test was 83-92%. The results obtained were assessed using normality and homogeneity tests and paired t-tests, obtaining p value < 0.005. This shows an increase in knowledge after the material is given by the speaker. Therefore, this outreach activity succeeded in increasing knowledge about stroke prevention and risk factors in the elderly.
説“餕”
Authors: 李 洛旻 
Published: May 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
禮書所記食饌及祭祀之儀，有餕之禮，學者每以“食餘食”説解。然餕禮之實際性質、形式及意義，卻鮮有深入考察。餕禮貫穿食生人與食死人之禮，不但見諸平常燕食，並見於昏禮、接子禮、饗禮。同時，又是祭末大節，屬於重要儀軌。本文梳理不同場合的餕禮，並嘗試辨説相關記載的解讀問題，包括《禮記·内則》“子婦佐餕”應分佐食、餕餘二事；《禮記·祭統》“百官進”應指百官在堂下餕餘。經考證，各式餕禮的場所、形式、人數等具體内容得以釐清，並歸納十三項進行餕禮時的基本禮儀及原則。本文並考餕禮的多元意義。不同場合的餕禮，其側重點容有不同。日常餕禮由卑者進食，尊者餘食，確保尊者每次享用新鮮食物，具有尊尊之義。昏禮餕餘展現私親之義，以確立成婦。祭禮的餕則著重惠澤福祉的遞降，又兼示貴賤之道。祭後頒胙及致膰，則可視爲祭末餕餘在廟外的延伸。然餕禮之義，實乃歸本於孝養之道。透過卑者爲尊者侍食，尊者反報餘食的模式，展現養禮中孝養與福惠的升降互動。餕禮的尊卑上下交通，展示出奉侍與反饋的另一禮儀維度。至於餕禮的餘食，承載著恩惠和福祉，具有特殊的象徵意義。
The Chinese character jun 餕 refers to a ritual of eating and sacrificial ceremonies as recorded in traditional documents on rites. Scholars tend to gloss the ritual as “eating the leftovers.” The nature, forms, and significance of the ritual, however, have remained understudied. Jun is a common ritual that appears in ceremonies for both the living and deceased. The ritual is evident not only in daily etiquette, but also at wedding ceremonies, rituals for receiving a newborn, and the grand feasts. In addition, it is an essential part of sacrificial ceremonies. This article reconstructs the jun ritual in different settings in an attempt to clarify some misunderstandings of related written records, including the phrase zi fu zuo jun 子婦佐餕 in the “Neize” chapter of the Liji, which should be understood as two separate words: zuo (serving food) and jun (eating the leftovers). Also, the phrase baiguan jin 百官進 in the “Jitong” chapter of the Liji should mean the numerous officers eating the leftovers down the hall. Through the examination, we confirm the actual connotations of jun, such as its venue, forms, and number of participants; and summarize thirteen rules of the ritual. Another focus of this article is an investigation of the multiple significances of the ritual. Its usual practice is that the lower class eats the leftovers from the upper class (defined by status or by age), to make sure that the upper class can always be served a fresh meal. It carries the significance of respecting the noble and upper class. The jun ritual at wedding ceremonies shows the intimacy of the newly wedded couple and the harmony of their family. In a sacrificial ceremony, jun adheres to the rules of distributing meats according to the hierarchical order to let the god’s grace reach everyone in the temple, including the inferiors. This represents the distribution of grace from both the god and the ruler, also showing the hierarchy. The banzuo 頒 胙 and zhifan 致膰 after the ceremony can be seen as the extension of jun outside the temple. However, the core significance of jun is filial piety. That the superiors give back leftovers after they have been served by the inferiors illustrates a low-high filial interaction and blessing, a different dimension of reciprocity. The leftovers in the ritual are significant as they carry a symbolic meaning of grace and favor.