bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Hekmatyar Mohamad 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Appendicitis is the most common emergency case of abdominal surgery and requires immediate surgical intervention to avoid serious complications. If appendicitis is treated late, it will increase patient morbidity and mortality. Despite the relatively high incidence of needless appendectomies, ranging from 20% to 30%, such occurrences are deemed tolerable given the substantial reliability of beneficial outcomes.

The aim: This article showed diagnostic markers in acute appendicitis.

Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by comparing itself to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 standards. Therefore, the experts were able to ensure that the study was as current as feasible. For this search strategy, publications published between 2013 and 2023 were considered. Several online reference sources, including Pubmed and SagePub, were utilized for this purpose. It was determined not to consider review pieces, previously published works, or works that were only partially completed.

Result: The PubMed database yielded a total of 87 articles in response to our search query, while the search conducted on SagePub resulted in 69 articles. The search conducted for the last year of 2013 resulted in a total of 29 articles found in PubMed and 31 papers found in SagePub. Ultimately, a comprehensive compilation of 22 papers was achieved, with 15 sourced from PubMed and an additional seven obtained via SagePub. We incorporated seven studies that satisfied the established criteria.

Conclusion: Study shows that a shift in pain from the epigastrium to the Mc Barney point and heel drop test is a sign of appendicitis based on physical examination. Examination of white blood cells and CRP can be other reliable markers to confirm acute appendicitis.
Prevalence of hearing loss and associated factors among neonates in Zanzibar
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Alawy K. , Massawe E.R , Ntunaguzi D. , Kahinga A.A , Mapondella K.B 
Published: September 2023

Background: Congenital hearing loss is one of the abnormalities reported at birth. Of 4 000 infants born deaf each year, more than half have a hereditary disorder. Even though it may be hereditary, some children develop hearing loss later in life. Genetic sensorineural deafness (SNHL) includes a range of disorders that affect infants, children and adults with affected individuals presenting with varying degrees of deafness, which may be unilateral or bilateral. About 50% of cases of congenital deafness are genetic with 70% being non-syndromic and the remaining 30% syndromic. Genetic/Congenital hearing loss is differentiated from acquired hearing loss with identification of perinatal conditions such as TORCH infections, Hyperbilirubinemia or trauma. Children who are identified with hearing loss at early stages of life have ended up with improved quality of life. There is paucity of data on congenital hearing loss in Tanzania and thus the aim of this study was to address this gap.
Methods: Eight months Hospital based, descriptive cross sectional study from May to December 2016 conducted in three hospitals and one health Centre where neonatal hearing screening was done in Zanzibar. Data was collected using a three staged protocol neonatal hearing screening with OAE and AABR, and other information was collected clinically using specialized forms and check list. A total of 600 neonates were recruited and data was analyzed using SPSS program version 21.
Results: This study enrolled 600 neonates. Among these, 323 (53.8%) were females and 277 (46.2%) were males. Among neonates who underwent 1st OAE, 36.2% failed the test and went for second test. For those who underwent 2nd OAE, 13.8% failed the test and went for AABR. 41.4% of those who went for AABR failed and went for Diagnostic ABR and among these only 3 (25%) failed. Three neonates were diagnosed with hearing loss and they were all males, with bilateral SNHL, making a prevalence of 0.5%. Among those with hearing loss 33.3% had severe SNHL and 66.7% profound SNHL. The most frequent risk factors were ototoxic medications use (11.8%), low APGAR score (11%), family history of childhood hearing loss (7%) and hyperbilirubinemia (2.5%). Hyperbilirubinemia was the only risk factor significantly associated with hearing loss (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss in neonates was found to be 0.5% and was more common in males. Hearing loss was bilateral, of sensorineural type and associated with some risk factors like ototoxicity, low APGAR score and hyperbilirubinemia.
Necessity of combined spinal epidural technique duringopen abdominal myomectomy for huge uterine fibroids
Authors: Otokwala J.G. , Ebirim L.N. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Open abdominal myomectomy is commonly done to remove uterine fibroids which plague several Africans and people of African origin especially at the prime of their reproductive careers. Various anaesthetic techniques have been described for this surgical procedure. Some of the techniques have disadvantages.
Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the necessity and safety of the combined spinal epidural technique during open abdominal myomectomy for huge uterine fibroids. Methodology. A 5 years prospective study of 100 women with huge uterine fibroids, who had open abdominal myomectomy with combined spinalepidural (CSE) technique at Nimley Medical Consultants hospital, Kelsey Harrison hospital and the University of Port-Harcourtteaching hospital, was done. Data collected were analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17.0.P value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Results. The mean age of the women was 32.53 ± 0.66 years. The mean fibroid size was 30.15 ± 0.68 weeks and the mean surgical duration was 178 .98 ± 3.31 minutes. The epidural component of the CSE was activated after a mean time of 106.15 ± 3.22minutes from the initiation of spinal anaesthesia at a mean numeric pain rating score (NRS) of > 3cm. The rate of perioperative complications was low.
Conclusion. Combined spinal epidural technique is a safe and necessary technique with relatively low rate of perioperative complications when used during open abdominal myomectomy for commonly found huge African fibroids.
Gestational gigantomastia: a patient case review and literature review
Authors: Musa G. , Malumani M. , Teyangesikayi G. 
Published: September 2023

Gestational gigantomastia (GG) or gravidic macromastia is defined as a disorder characterized by a diffuse, extreme and incapacitating enlargement of one or both breast during pregnancy. Gestational Gigantomastia is a very rare condition with a little over a 100cases reported in history. Gigantomastia has been seen to occur in the face of normal hormonal profile. Due to increase in breast mass, the overlying skin is stretched and may undergo necrosis which in the face of pregnancy can cause severe mastitis and haemorrhage.
We present a rare case of GG in a 36-year-old para 7 gravida 8, Zambian woman at 28weeks gestation with classical features of typical GG with normal hormonal profile with respect with pregnancy. She was managed conservatively on Bromocriptine 5mg once a day during pregnancy and postpartum until breast size had reduced to near normal prepregnancy size.
We report a rare case of “True gigantomastia which develops rapidly during pregnancy, undergoes regression after delivery, and recurs with subsequent pregnancies” in Zambia.
Predictors and outcomes associated with household hunger in Lusaka, Zambia: secondary analysis of a citywide survey
Authors: Fuseini N.M , Halwiindi H , Winston J , Stoner C.D.M. , Martin S.L , Kusanthan T , Banda R , Rathod S , Stringer J.S.A , Chi B.H 
Published: September 2023

Background: Food insecurity has important social and health consequences for affected individuals and households. We sought to measure one aspect of food insecurity—household hunger—and evaluated its possible association with household morbidity and mortality.
Methods: We analyzed data from the final two rounds of a repeat cross-sectional, population-based survey conducted in Lusaka Zambia (May and August 2011). Using the Household Hunger Scale, we categorized participating households into three groups using established convention in the public health literature: little to no hunger, moderate hunger, and severe hunger. We used multilevel logistic regression to investigate associations between household hunger and the following morbidities, adjusting for individual, household, and cluster characteristics: malaria, persistent cough, tuberculosis, diarrhea, hospitalization, and death.
Results: Overall, 90.0%, (95%CI: 88.1–91.7%) participating households were considered to have little to no household hunger; 9.8% (95%CI: 8.2–11.6%) reported moderate household hunger; and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1–0.4%) reported severe household hunger. Marital status, functional status, education, employment, household member requiring nursing care, and household wealth index were associated with all levels of hunger. Adjusted for individual and household characteristics and sampling cluster, hunger was associated with malaria (OR:1.29, 95%CI:1.03–1.63 [mild] and OR:3.68, 95% CI:1.76 –13.74 [severe]), persistent cough (OR:1.64, 95%CI:1.13–2.38 [mild]), tuberculosis (OR:2.24, 95%CI:1.45–3.46 [mild], OR:6.06; 95%CI:1.56–23.57 [severe]), and hospitalization (OR:1.95; 95%CI:1.38–2.76 [mild]; OR:5.52; 95%CI:1.78-17.16 [severe]). Household hunger was not associated with death (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Household hunger was associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Although further studies are needed, our findings suggest that programs to alleviate household hunger—an important aspect of food insecurity—could lead to measurable public health impacts.
Course Development to Address Gaps in Horticulture Content Standards for Students in an Agricultural Education Undergraduate Degree Program
Authors: Orvis Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

Agricultural Education teacher licensure programs face a growing list of coursework needed to meet requirements with a shrinking number of credit hours available. A new course – ‘Greenhouse and Landscape Fundamentals for Educators’ was developed at Purdue University with an Agricultural Education Teacher Licensure B.S. degree program. Data utilized in creating the course included: 1) an evaluation of current Agricultural Education coursework; 2) a review of state and national Agricultural Education content and academic standards; and 3) a survey of current Indiana Agriculture teachers. Responses from the survey (n=72) of high school teachers of horticulture and/or landscape management show 61% of respondents had teaching greenhouses at their schools, and 62% reporting they were not confident with operating and maintaining a greenhouse based on bachelor level coursework they took. Respondents indicate needing more coursework in several topics: greenhouse management landscape design, landscape installation and maintenance, and plant identification. Results pointed to gaps in existing required coursework. The new course was specifically tailored to meet the needs of the Agricultural Education undergraduate students, and equip them with information and resources to call upon when they begin their teaching careers.
The Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning Activities in an Introductory Animal Science Course
Authors: Ragland Elizabeth , Karcher Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Inquiry-based learning (IBL), a student-centered teaching technique, prompts students’ initiative in self-guided learning and problem-solving. IBL promotes engagement through higher-order thinking, collaboration, and creativity. This study examines the impact of IBL levels on students’ interest, motivation, and engagement. Three levels of IBL (traditional, structured, and guided) were implemented in an introductory animal science laboratory session at three time points during the Fall 2021 semester. Students were divided among five laboratory sessions and then randomly divided into six groups using a Latin square arrangement. During each time point, students completed 20-minute case scenario activities utilizing one of three IBL levels. Inquiry levels were differentiated by the instruction, information, and supplies provided to students. At each time point, students self-reported their situational interest, motivation, and engagement on a Likert scale. Across all IBL levels, students experienced high levels of attention demand, identified regulation, and personal effort and no differences were seen between IBL levels. Although limited to one course, our findings suggest that IBL activities promote interest, engagement, and motivation, which could generate long-term student engagement and investment in course content. Future research should juxtapose inquiry-based learning and traditional teaching methods to further examine the impacts in additional formats and subjects.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Maulana Maulana , Sri Fatmasari Syam  , Achmad Faqhruddin Abdul Rabb  
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada Dinas sosial Kabupaten Gowa. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dan deskriptif ,penelitian kuantitatif adanya pengaruh motivasi tehadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Gowa, sedangkan penelitian deskriptif hanya gambaran tentang sampel yang digunakan adanya pengaruh motivasi terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Gowa. dan metode serta pendekatan kuantitatif dalam gambaran motivasi kerja hanya mengetahui pengaruh motrivasi terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 60 orang itupula yang dijadikan sampel karena tidak mencukupi 100 orang, sehingga penarikan sampel dalam penelitian menggunakan sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa analisis data statistic pada table model summary menjelaskan besarnya nilai korelasi atau hubungan sebesar 0,953. Hal ini diketahui besarnya pengaruh variabel independen atau motivasi kerja (X) terhadap dependen kinerja pegawai (Y), ditunjukkan oleh nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,908 artinya 90,8%, besarnya pengaruh independen atau motivasi kerja terhadap variabel dependen kinerja pegawai (Y) pada kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Gowa. Hasil output tersebut maka diperoleh bahwa pengaruh motivasi kerja (X) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) berada pada tingkatan sangat berpengaruh.
The Jurisprudence of University Lecturers’ and Students’ Knowledge of Nigerian Education Laws
Authors: Omodele Adeyemi Oyedele , Ahunanya Stella Ijeoma 
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the university lecturers’ and students’ knowledge of Nigerian Education Laws which brings peace, progress, tranquility, and development to an academic environment with a view to find out how lecturers and students are knowledgeable about Nigerian Education Laws. It juxtaposes knowledge of education laws by lecturers and that of the students. It will be of benefit to students, lecturers, the education communities where education law is useful and applicable. It will be of benefit to the law community - the lawyers, judges, lecturers, students among others. Curriculum developers, education administrators, the National Universities Commission, the Federal Ministry of Education and its parastatal/agencies and the public will benefit from this work. Historical and case study designs were adopted. The doctrinal method was used in data collection. The primary sources of data were the Education Ordinance 1887, Education Code 1903, Education Ordinance 1928, Education Ordinance 1916, Education Code 1926, Education Ordinance 1948, Education Act 1952, Education Edicts 1966-1979, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1979 and 1999, Education Law 1999 and the Universal Basic Education Act 2004; sources of secondary data were published textbooks, scholarly peer-reviewed journals, and articles. Data were content-analysed, compared, contrasted and presented thematically which brought about the relevance of the study. The research findings are that lecturers and students have knowledge of Nigerian Education Laws and that knowledge of Nigerian Education Laws makes lecturers and students conduct themselves within the purview of the rules and regulations of the institutions. It is recommended that knowledge of Nigerian Education Laws should be a continuous exercise in an academic environment. Lecturers and students should be trained and retrained in respect of the education laws to avoid any gap in the level of knowledge of Nigerian Education Laws.
The Community Development Operation Model of Ban Nam Sai Community, Thung Benja Sub-district, Tha Mai District, Chanthaburi Province
Authors: Luengalongkot Pongsatean 
Published: September 2023

Community development operations are important because they help strengthen communities. The objectives of this research were to analyze and examine the consistency of the community development operations (CDO) model with empirical data, and to study the weight of direct, indirect, and total effect of factors influencing on CDO of Ban Nam Sai Community, Thung Benja Sub-district, Tha Mai District, Chanthaburi Province. The population in this study was 173 people who are representing households living in Nam Sai Village. The samples were 121 people, calculating by Taro Yamane’s formula. The research tool in this study was the questionnaire-based survey. Analyzed and examined the consistency of the community development model of Ban Nam Sai community with empirical data based on the model goodness of fit indices used a Structural Equation Model. Analyzed weight of direct, indirect and total effect of causal factors on community development operation of Ban Nam Sai community by used a Structural Equation Model with statistic Path analysis. The results were found that The CDO model of Ban Nam Sai community developed consistent with the empirical data. It was also found that Leadership, public participation and community communication had direct effects on community development operations of Ban Nam Sai community. Besides, community communication was found a direct effect on public participation. Among these studied variables, leadership was found to have an indirect effect on community operations of Ban Nam Sai Community through public participation and community communication. Community communication also had an indirect effect on the community development operation of the Ban Nam Sai community through public participation. The total effect on community development operations of Ban Nam Sai community. The highest total influential factor was public participation, followed by leadership and community communication respectively. Suggestion from the research results, the community development operation model of Ban Nam Sai Community is suitable for use. The model should be developed and applied to use to the similar context of communities/villages for further community development.
Las pymes en Guayaquil y su visualización de apalancamiento bursátil
Authors: Paredes Ochoa Alberto Jacinto , Martillo Pazmiño Ítalo Omar , Ordoñez Guartazaca Marjorie 
Published: September 2023

En Ecuador se está dando un mayor apogeo al desarrollo del apalancamiento financiero como nuevo modelo de gestión administrativa; calidad organizativa; normas de competitividad; fortalecimiento económico; con un potencial de volverse atractiva en el mercado internacional al contar con elementos importantes como transparencia; visión estratégica; responsabilidad; igualdad de accionistas y responsabilidad social. Es por esta razón que el objeto de estudio se centra en analizar las PYMES en Guayaquil y sus actividades productivas para determinar su apalancamiento, para el efecto la metodología está centrada en sistematización teórica de la forma de obtener capitales productivos del sistema financiero, los resultados demuestran que existen diversas formas de gestiones en el sector empresarial productivo en Guayaquil Ecuador, aunque la falta de una cultura financiera bursátil ecuatoriana hace que se resistan estos sectores en su visión de desarrollo. En conclusión, los sectores empresariales productivos deben ir fortaleciendo nuevas formas de hacer negocios para que sus productos y servicios se vuelvan atractivos a los mercados internacionales logrando atraer capitales financieros frescos que permitan un impacto en los sectores sociales, económicos, tecnológicos, bienestar de la población en general.
Abstract
In Ecuador, the development of financial leverage is gaining momentum as a new model of administrative management; organizational quality; competition standards; economic strengthening; with a potential to become attractive in the international market by having important elements such as transparency, strategic vision; responsibility; equality of shareholders and social responsibility. It is for this reason that the object of study focuses on analyzing SMEs in Guayaquil and their productive activities to determine their leverage, for this purpose the methodology is focused on theoretical systematization of the way to obtain productive capital from the financial system, the results show that there are various forms of management in the productive business sect in Guayaquil Ecuador, although the lack of an Ecuadorian stock market financial culture makes these sectors resist their vision of development. In conclusion, the productive business sectors must strengthen new ways of doing business so that their products and services become attractive to international markets managing to attract fresh financial capital that allows an impact on the social, economic, technological, and welfare sectors of the population in general.
Keywords: Corporate governance, companies, stock market, leverage, management, SMES
The Cognitive Framework Behind Modern Neuropathology
Authors: Otero José Javier 
Published: September 2023

Context
In 2021 the World Health Organization distributed a new classification of central nervous system tumors that incorporated modern testing modalities in the diagnosis. Although universally accepted as a scientifically superior system, this schema has created controversy because its deployment globally is challenging in the best of circumstances and impossible in resource-poor health care ecosystems. Compounding this problem is the significant challenge that neuropathologists with expertise in central nervous system tumors are rare.

Objective
To demonstrate diagnostic use of simple unsupervised machine learning techniques using publicly available data sets. I also discuss some potential solutions to the deployment of neuropathology classification in health care ecosystems burdened by this classification schema.

Data Sources
The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA sequencing data from low-grade and high-grade gliomas.

Conclusions
Methylation-based classification will be unable to solve all diagnostic problems in neuropathology. Information theory quantifications generate focused workflows in pathology, resulting in prevention of ordering unnecessary tests and identifying biomarkers that facilitate diagnosis.