bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A greedy algorithm for pilot contamination mitigation using LAP
Authors: Ngala Daniel Kuyoli , Opare Kwasi Adu-Boahen , Affum Emmanuel Ampoma , Oteng Gyasi Kwame , Agyekum Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a linear assignment problem (LAP) scheme using greedy algorithms to alleviate the intercell interference (ICI) in massive multi-input multiple-output (maMIMO) systems. ICI has been recognized as one of the main challenges of massive MIMO systems and occurs when pilot sequences (PSs) are reused across neighboring cells or using non-orthogonal PS, and this results in a phenomenon known as pilot contamination (PC). The proposed scheme uniquely assigns pilot sequences to mobile terminals to mitigate PC such that the optimal or near-optimal solution is achieved. This scheme attains maximum SINR by assigning pilot sequence to mobile terminals that will only produce the least PC. Results obtained from simulation showed that the proposed assignment scheme achieved a greater sum rate than some established assignment schemes when compared.
Preparation of inorganic catalysts from ceramic industry wastes for use in the production of biofuel
Authors: Hassan Sarah Hisham , Attia Nahed Kamal , El Diwani Guzine Ibrahim , Ettouney Reem Sayed , El-Rifai Mahmoud Abdel Hakim , Amin Shereen Kamel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCatalysts’ surface structural features and characterizations play an important role in many chemical industrial processes among which is biofuel production. Heterogeneous catalysts strongly affect the types of products in catalytic hydrocracking of oils. The present study aims at the preparation of low-cost inorganic catalysts with improved catalytic activity. This will then be used in the production of bio-jet fuel — conforming to ASTM specifications — by hydrocracking of Jatropha oil. Five types of inorganic catalysts have been prepared and tested. The best results were obtained from the catalyst produced from ceramic wastes. It produced the highest bio-jet yield (51%) and the highest freezing point (− 52 °C). A BET surface area of 21.9 m2/g and a "total pore volume" of 0.025877 cm3/g were obtained.
Interventions to prevent alcohol use: systematic review of economic evaluations
Authors: Le Long Khanh-Dao , Faller Jan , Chatterton Mary Lou , Perez Joahna Kevin , Chiotelis Oxana , Tran Huong Ngoc Quynh , Sultana Marufa , Hall Natasha , Lee Yong Yi , Chapman Cath , Newton Nicola , Slade Tim , Sunderland Matt , Teesson Maree , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAlcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability worldwide.AimsWe conducted a systematic review on the cost-effectiveness evidence for interventions to prevent alcohol use across the lifespan.MethodElectronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EconLit) were searched for full economic evaluations and return-on-investment studies of alcohol prevention interventions published up to May 2021. The methods and results of included studies were evaluated with narrative synthesis, and study quality was assessed by the Drummond ten-point checklist.ResultsA total of 69 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full economic evaluation or return-on-investment study. Most studies targeted adults or a combination of age groups, seven studies comprised children/adolescents and one involved older adults. Half of the studies found that alcohol prevention interventions are cost-saving (i.e. more effective and less costly than the comparator). This was especially true for universal prevention interventions designed to restrict exposure to alcohol through taxation or advertising bans; and selective/indicated prevention interventions, which involve screening with or without brief intervention for at-risk adults. School-based interventions combined with parent/carer interventions were cost-effective in preventing alcohol use among those aged under 18 years. No interventions were cost-effective for preventing alcohol use in older adults.ConclusionsAlcohol prevention interventions show promising evidence of cost-effectiveness. Further economic analyses are needed to facilitate policy-making in low- and middle-income countries, and among child, adolescent and older adult populations.
The disproportionality of ethnic minority teachers in England: trends, patterns, and problems
Authors: Gorard Stephen , Chen Wenqing , Tan Yiyi , See Beng Huat , Gazmuri Carolina , Tereshchenko Antonina , Demie Feyisa , Siddiqui Nadia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract Background: England has an ethnically diverse population; reflected in the teacher workforce, and the student body in schools. However, it is not clear that these figures are in proportion to each other. This paper examines the ethnic profile of students and their teachers and considers their geographical distribution. Methods: This paper uses existing aggregated official publicly available datasets to describe the patterns and trends in the proportion of ethnic minority teachers compared to ethnic minority pupils in England 2015-2021. Data comes from the Department for Education (DfE), the University and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD/TALIS), and the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Results: We found that there are proportionately more White British teachers than in the student intakes to schools. This disproportion (where there are more White British teachers among teachers than there are White British pupils among pupils) is worse for promoted school leaders like deputies and headteachers than it is for classroom teachers. In London, due to the exceptional number of ethnic minority students, the disproportion (or mismatch) is worse in London than anywhere else. Areas with the fewest ethnic minority pupils (and teachers), like the North East, have the most proportionate workforce (in this limited sense). Conclusions: A student lacking any teachers of the same ethnic group might be treated differently at school, and there is some evidence that this might affect their attainment outcomes. The lack of ethnic diversity in some schools and areas, regardless of proportions, may impoverish the diversity of the whole school system. Several possible reasons for these patterns are noted in the paper, but it is clear that ethnic minority applicants to teacher training are less likely to be accepted, and less likely to obtain qualified teacher status or an eventual teaching post.
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perasaan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di CV. Sada Wahyu Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Fataruba Indah Dzil Arsyi , Dwi Saptadi Julian 
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Kelelahan kerja merupaka kondisi utama disebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan, dan faktor kemampuan fisik yang lemah juga dapat mengurangi aktivitas kerja. Ada berbagai faktor kelelahan yang disebabkan oleh faktor internal yang berada di dalam tubuh seperti umur, jenis kelamin, ukuran tubuh, dan status gizi, sedangkan faktor eksternal berupa waktu kerja, kerja bergilir, dan istirahat. Hal ini sangat mengandalkan kemampuan fisik pekerja untuk melakukan pekerjaan agar sesuai dengan target hal itu dapat membuat pekerja mengalami lelah bekerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di CV. Sada Wahyu.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif observasi analitik, memakai rancangan cross sectional dan sampel pekerja 42 orang. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan confident interval 95%. Alat penelitian menggunakan kuesioner IFRC, timbangan dan microtoice.
Hasil: Hasil untuk analisis univariat dalam penelitian ini yaitu umur tua 27 orang (64,3%), jenis kelamin perempuan 25 orang (59,5%), masa kerja lama 25 orang (59,4%), status gizi overweight 22 orang (53,4%), dan kelelahan kerja tinggi 23 orang (54,8%). Hasil analisis bivariat yang didapatkan yaitu ada hubungan antara umur (p value 0,016 < α 0,05), masa kerja (p value 0,008 < α 0,05) dan status gizi (p value 0,006 < α 0,05). Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kelelahan kerja (p value 0,904 > α 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara umur, masa kerja dan status gizi dengan kelelahan kerja. Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kelelahan kerja.
Impact of community-based health insurance in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eze Paul , Ilechukwu Stanley , Lawani Lucky Osaheni 
Published: June 2023

Background
To systematically evaluate the empirical evidence on the impact of community-based health insurance (CBHI) on healthcare utilization and financial risk protection in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods
We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, CNKI, PsycINFO, Scopus, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science including grey literature, Google Scholar®, and citation tracking for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the impact of CBHI schemes on healthcare utilization and financial risk protection in LMICs. We assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2.0 and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools for RCTs and quasi/non-RCTs, respectively. We also performed a narrative synthesis of all included studies and meta-analyses of comparable studies using random-effects models. We pre-registered our study protocol on PROSPERO: CRD42022362796.

Results
We identified 61 articles: 49 peer-reviewed publications, 10 working papers, 1 preprint, and 1 graduate dissertation covering a total of 221,568 households (1,012,542 persons) across 20 LMICs. Overall, CBHI schemes in LMICs substantially improved healthcare utilization, especially outpatient services, and improved financial risk protection in 24 out of 43 studies. Pooled estimates showed that insured households had higher odds of healthcare utilization (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04–2.47), use of outpatient health services (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22–2.05), and health facility delivery (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.61–3.02), but insignificant increase in inpatient hospitalization (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.74–3.14). The insured households had lower out-of-pocket health expenditure (AOR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97), lower incidence of catastrophic health expenditure at 10% total household expenditure (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54–0.88), and 40% non-food expenditure (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.96). The main limitations of our study are the limited data available for meta-analyses and high heterogeneity persisted in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Our study shows that CBHI generally improves healthcare utilization but inconsistently delivers financial protection from health expenditure shocks. With pragmatic context-specific policies and operational modifications, CBHI could be a promising mechanism for achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in LMICs.
Suicidal and aggressive behavior among populations within institutional quarantine and isolation centers of COVID-19 in eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Misgana Tadesse , Tesfaye Dejene , Tariku Mandaras , Ali Tilahun , Alemu Daniel , Dessie Yadeta 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
The coronavirus disease is still not under the control globally and has caused various mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, suicide, and aggressive behavior in different populations. The pandemic-related issues which are applied to control the pandemic such as protection measures against COVID-19, social distancing, isolation, and quarantine can also trigger mental health problems.

Objective
This study aimed to assess suicidal behavior and aggression, and its correlates during COVID-19 among populations within institutional quarantine and isolation centers in Ethiopia.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 392 participants. The convenience sampling method was used to select the study participants. Suicide Behavioral Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) and the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS)were applied to determine the suicide and aggressive behavior of study participants respectively. Epi-data 3.1 and SPSS 20.0were used to enter and analyze the data respectively. Logistic and linear regressions were fitted to explore correlates associated with suicidal behavior and aggression respectively.

Results
The prevalence of suicidal behavior was 8.7% (95% CI: 6.1, 11.5) whereas the mean total score of behavioral aggression was 2.45±5.90 (95% CI: 1.84, 3.08). Being female (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.09, 6.32), having common mental disorders (AOR = 6.08, 95% CI: 2.32, 15.93), manifesting the symptoms of COVID-19 (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.86), and poor social support (AOR = 7.30, 95% CI: 1.44, 37.10) were significantly associated with suicidal behavior, whereas male gender (β coefficient = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.35, 4.70), low level of knowledge about COVID-19 (β coefficient = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.41), and substance use (β coefficient = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.23, 6.47) were positively associated with mean overt aggression score.

Conclusion
The present study revealed that suicidal and aggressive behaviors were prevalent with significant correlates. Therefore, it is important and required to provide focused mental health and psycho-social services for the selected and high-risk populations such as those in quarantine and isolation centers for being suspected.
Expression of transglutaminase 2 in human gut epithelial cells: Implications for coeliac disease
Authors: Amundsen Sunniva F. , Stamnaes Jorunn , Lundin Knut E. A. , Sollid Ludvig M. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Formation of complexes between transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and gluten can mechanistically explain why TG2 serves both as B-cell autoantigen and as an enzyme that creates deamidated gluten epitopes in coeliac disease (CeD). A model has been proposed where TG2 released from shed epithelial cells encounters high concentrations of dietary gluten peptides to form these TG2:gluten complexes. In this work we have characterised TG2 protein expression in gut epithelial cells in humans.

Methods
Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and mass spectrometry in combination with laser capture microdissection to gain spatial resolution were used to characterise TG2 expression in the epithelial cell layer of healthy and coeliac disease affected duodenum.

Findings
TG2 is expressed in human duodenal epithelial cells, including cells in the apical region that are shed into the gut lumen. In untreated CeD the apical expression of TG2 is doubled. Enzymatically active TG2 is readily released from isolated human intestinal epithelial cells.

Conclusion
Shed epithelial cells are a plausible source of pathogenic TG2 enzyme in CeD. Increased epithelial TG2 expression and increased epithelial shedding in active CeD may reinforce action of luminal TG2 in this condition.
Women’s experiences of anal incontinence following vaginal birth: A qualitative study of missed opportunities in routine care contacts
Authors: Parsons Joanne , Eccles Abi , Bick Debra , Keighley Michael R. B. , Clements Anna , Cornish Julie , Embleton Sarah , McNiven Abigail , Seers Kate , Hillman Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to explore experiences of women with anal incontinence following a childbirth injury, and to identify areas of missed opportunities within care they received.

Design
This is a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews.

Setting
Participants were recruited via five hospitals in the UK, and via social media adverts and communication from charity organisations.

Participants
Women who have experienced anal incontinence following a childbirth injury, either within 7 years of sustaining the injury, or if they identified new, or worsening symptoms of AI at the time of menopause.

Main outcome measures
Main outcomes are experiences of women with anal incontinence following childbirth injury, and missed opportunities within the care they received.

Results
The following main themes were identified: opportunities for diagnosis missed, missed opportunities for information sharing and continuity and timeliness of care.

Conclusions
Anal Incontinence following a childbirth injury has a profound impact on women. Lack of information and awareness both amongst women and healthcare professionals contributes to delays in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Bridging the Divide: Working-Class Culture in a Middle-Class Society, Jack Metzgar (2021)
Authors: Phillips Jim 
Published: June 2023

Review of: Bridging the Divide: Working-Class Culture in a Middle-Class Society, Jack Metzgar (2021)
Ithaca, NY and London ILR Press, x + 229 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50176-031-0, h/bk, £35.00
Pemetaan Kerapatan Ekosistem Mangrove Menggunakan Analisis Normalized Difference Vegetation Index di Pesisir Kota Semarang
Authors: Safitri Fani , Adrianto Luky , Nurjaya I Wayan 
Published: June 2023

Mangrove ecosystem in Semarang City has an important role for survival of the coastal area. This is due to the function of mangroves as a barrier to coastal erosion, wave barrier, carbon producer, as a habitat for biota in coastal areas, as well as improving water quality. However, as time goes by, mangroves condition in coastal of Semarang is decreasing every year and causing coastal disasters such as coastal erosion and tidal flooding which have identically occurred on the coast of Semarang. Mangrove ecosystem area in coastal of Semarang City in 2020 is 163,250 Ha. The aim of this study is to determine the density of mangroves ecosystem from 2013 to 2022 with Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 satellites. The method used to classify and determine the density of mangroves ecosystem is NDVI or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The results of analysis show that the mangrove density in 2013 was 412.889 Ha, while in 2022 it was 142.562 Ha. The density of mangroves has decreased by around 270.327 Ha (65.5%), this is due to erosion, land conversion into pond areas, and recently the construction of the Semarang-Demak sea wall. Whereas Sentinel 2 satellite is better to use because it has better image quality, details, and accuracy to show objects on the earth's surface compared to Landsat 8. Ekosistem mangrove di Kota Semarang memiliki peran yang penting bagi keberlangsungan hidup wilayah pesisir. Hal tersebut dikarenakan fungsi mangrove sebagai penahan erosi pantai, penahan gelombang, penghasil karbon, sebagai habitat bagi biota di wilayah pesisir, serta memperbaiki kualitas air. Namun seiring perkembangan zaman, kondisi mangrove di pesisir Semarang semakin tahun kian berkurang sehingga menimbulkan bencana pesisir seperti terjadinya erosi pantai dan banjir rob yang telah identik terjadi di pesisir Semarang. Luas ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir Kota Semarang pada tahun 2020 yaitu seluas 163,250 Ha. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kerapatan ekosistem mangrove dari tahun 2013 hingga 2022 dengan citra satelit Landsat 8 dan citra Sentinel 2. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengelaskan dan mengetahui kerapatan ekosistem mangrove adalah metode NDVI atau Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan mangrove pada tahun 2013 seluas 412,889 Ha, sedangkan pada tahun 2022 seluas 142,562 Ha. Kerapatan mangrove mengalami penurunan sekitar 270,327 Ha (65,5%), hal tersebut disebabkan karena adanya erosi, alih fungsi lahan menjadi area tambak, serta baru-baru ini yaitu adanya pembangunan tanggul laut Semarang-Demak. Sedangkan citra satelit Sentinel 2 merupakan citra yang lebih baik digunakan karena memiliki kualitas gambar yang lebih bagus, detail, dan akurat untuk menunjukkan obyek dipermukaan bumi dibandingkan dengan citra Landsat 8.
Interpreting two TSH results from the same patient
Authors: Åsberg Arne , Mikkelsen Gustav 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
When the patient’s mean (setpoint) concentration of an analyte is unknown and the physician tries to judge the clinical condition from the analyte concentration in two separate specimens taken a time apart, we believe that the two values should be judged against a bivariate reference interval derived from clinically healthy and stable individuals, rather than using univariate reference limits and comparing the difference between the values against reference change values (RCVs). In this work we compared the two models, using s-TSH as an example.

Methods
We simulated two s-TSH measurement values for 100,000 euthyreot subjects, and plotted the second value against the first, along with a markup of the central 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 95 % of the bivariate distribution, in addition to the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile univariate reference limits and the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile RCVs. We also estimated the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of the 2.5 and 97.5 univariate percentile reference limits and the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile RCVs against the central 95 % of the bivariate distribution.

Results
Graphically, the combination of the 2.5 and 97.5 univariate reference limits and the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile RCVs did not accurately delineate the central 95 % of the bivariate distribution. Numerically, the sensitivity and specificity of the combination were 80.2 and 92.2 %, respectively.

Conclusions
The concentrations of s-TSH measured in two samples taken at separate times from a clinically healthy and stable individual cannot be accurately interpreted using the combination of univariate reference limits and RCVs.
Mechanical characterization and evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance of a superferritic stainless steel model alloy 25Cr–6Mo–5Ni
Authors: Uchôa Reis Francisco Evaristo , Mourão dos Santos Luis Paulo , Moura Lorena Braga , Oliveira de Castro Mirela , de Lima Neto Pedro , Cardoso Jorge Luiz , Gomes de Abreu Hamilton Ferreira 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of annealed superferritic stainless steel model alloy 25Cr–6Mo–5Ni were investigated in 0.6 M NaCl solution. The microstructure consisted of a ferrite matrix and eutectoid phase with a lamellar structure distributed at grain boundaries and within the ferrite grains with a spherical morphology. Tensile and impact results suggested brittle behavior of the model alloy. Fractography analysis revealed typical cleavage facets, river patterns and micro-cracks at grain boundaries and across the ferrite grains. Pitting corrosion began within the eutectoid phase, which contains in chrome depletion zones. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest that the breakdown of passive films was more susceptible in the eutectoid phase.
Between rhetorical questions and information requests: A versatile interrogative clause in Estonian
Authors: Amon Marri 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the pragmatic and functional aspects of an interrogative question pattern in Estonian: questions introduced by the adjective huvitav (‘interesting’). Despite appearances, this question is usually not used to elicit an answer in an information request. Instead, its uses vary from self-addressed to rhetorical questions, also allowing the addition of a biased (critical, ironical) positioning to the interrogation. It can be related to subjective as well as intersubjective dimensions of language use. Examples primarily from two corpora are discussed: fiction texts and their translations (Estonian–French) from the Estonian–French bilingual corpus; excerpts from the debates of the Estonian Parliament; and to a lesser extent, examples from conversations are also included in the analysis. Like similar devices described in other languages (vajon in Hungarian, oare in Romanian), this pattern is impossible to use in situations where a clearly competent addressee is in a position to answer the question directly and the speaker is aware of it; instead, it is especially for cases where, for different reasons, the competence of the addressee is not questioned or challenged directly: asking tentative questions, using rhetorically designed questions to convey critics, or other biased meanings.