bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional sensitivity of the NEWSdm experiment to cosmic ray boosted dark matter
Authors: Agafonova N.Y. , Alexandrov A. , Anokhina A.M. , Asada T. , Ashikhmin V.V. , Boccia V. , Centanni D. , Chernyavskii M.M. , Chin N. , D'Ambrosio N. , De Lellis G. , Di Crescenzo A. , Dowdy Y.C. , Dmitrievski S. , Enikeev R.I. , Galati G. , Galkin V.I. , Golovatiuk A. , Gorbunov S.A. , Gornushkin Y. , Guler A.M. , Gulyaeva V.V. , Iuliano A. , Khalikov E.V. , Kim S.H. , Konovalova N.S. , Krasilnikova Y.O. , Lauria A. , Lee K.Y. , Loschiavo V.P. , Managadze A.K. , Miloi A. , Montesi M.C. , Naka T. , Okateva N.M. , Park B.D. , Podgrudkov D.A. , Polukhina N.G. , Roganova T.M. , Rosa G. , Samoilov M.A. , Sadykov Z.T. , Sadovsky A. , Saeki K. , Sato O. , Shakiryanova I.R. , Shchedrina T.V. , Shiraishi T. , Sohn J.Y. , Sotnikov A. , Starkov N.I. , Starkova E.N. , Strekalina D.M. , Tioukov V. , Ursov E.D. , Ustyuzhanin A. , Vasina S. , Voronkov R.A. , Yoon C.S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present a study of a directional search for Dark Matter boosted forward when scattered by cosmic-ray nuclei, using a module of the NEWSdm experiment. The boosted Dark Matter flux at the edge of the Earth's atmosphere is expected to be pointing to the Galactic Center, with a flux 15 to 20 times larger than in the transverse direction.The module of the NEWSdm experiment consists of a 10 kg stack of Nano Imaging Trackers, i.e. newly developed nuclear emulsions with AgBr crystal sizes down to a few tens of nanometers. The module is installed on an equatorial telescope. The relatively long recoil tracks induced by boosted Dark Matter, combined with the nanometric granularity of the emulsion, result in an extremely low background. This makes an installation at the INFN Gran Sasso laboratory, both on the surface and underground, viable. A comparison between the two locations is made. The angular distribution of nuclear recoils induced by boosted Dark Matter in the emulsion films at the surface laboratory is expected to show an excess with a factor of 3.5 in the direction of the Galactic Center. This excess allows for a Dark Matter search with directional sensitivity. The surface laboratory configuration prevents the deterioration of the signal in the rock overburden and it emerges as the most powerful approach for a directional observation of boosted Dark Matter with high sensitivity. We show that, with this approach, a 10 kg module of the NEWSdm experiment exposed for one year at the Gran Sasso surface laboratory can probe Dark Matter masses between 1 keV/c2and 1 GeV/c2and cross-section values down to 10-30cm2with a directional sensitive search.
Penetration properties of applied resonant magnetic perturbation in HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Wang X. , Zhang H.W. , Chen W.J. , Sun T.F. , Zhang W. , Ma Z.W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Any arbitrary perturbation on a magnetic field separatrix can cause a structure named homoclinic tangle in tokamaks. Both an edge localized mode (ELM) and a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) can lead to a perturbation of the magnetic field on the separatrix. Under the appropriate circumstances, RMP could alleviate or even completely suppress a rapid collapse process of an ELM. The simulation results using the CLTx code, the extended version of the three-dimensional toroidal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code (CLT (Ci-Liu-Ti, which means MHDs in Chinese)) with a scrape-off layer, show the structure of the homoclinic tangle with a borderline stochastic region resulting from RMP in HL-2A tokamak. Strongly distorted magnetic field lines with the homoclinic tangle could connect to the tokamak divertors. The footprints of these magnetic field lines on the divertors are consistent with the energy deposit spots in the experiment. From Poincaré plots of escaped magnetic field lines, it is found that the depth of the plasma edge region penetrated by these field lines depends on the RMP coil current, the rotation frequency of the RMP field, and the plasma resistivity.
Detection Method of Protruding Defects of Parts Based on Improved Threshold Segmentation
Authors: Zi-jun Liu , Rong-rong Wang , Dong Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aiming at a series of problems that the traditional threshold segmentation method has low detection accuracy in detecting part bulge defects, a part bulge defect detection method based on improved threshold segmentation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the parts to be tested are obtained, and then the image is filtered and denoised. Because the traditional median filter has some limitations, a fast weighted median filtering algorithm is proposed. Then the image is enhanced, and the method based on Laplace operator is used to enhance the image. Then Otsu threshold segmentation and iterative threshold segmentation are used respectively. It is found that there are still many non convex defects, which have a great impact on the detection accuracy. Therefore, an improved iterative threshold segmentation is proposed. The difference operation is carried out between the standard part and the part to be tested, and the above three methods are compared. The results indicate that the better iterative threshold segmentation method can effectively test the convex fault of the compent.
Remainder particles detection of closed electronic equipment equipped in spacecraft based on a coarse- to- fine framework
Authors: Hua Shiyan , Li Dawei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Remainder particles in closed electronic equipment equipped in spacecraft are a potential threat to spacecraft. The volume of remainder particles is tiny, and remainder particles are similar to the general components of equipment in shape and size. So the current methods used to detect remainder particles cause false detection and missing detection seriously. In order to resolve above problems, a coarse- to- fine framework is proposed to detect remainder particles in closed electronic equipment of spacecraft, which includes a backbone network, a coarse classifier, and a fine detector. At first, we use ResNet-18 as the backbone network to learn the robust feature of remainder particles. Then, we design a coarse classifier. The feature maps containing remainder particles are filtered from it. Finally, the extracted patches containing remainder particles are sent to the fine detector for further location of remainder particles. The experimental results indicate that our framework exhibits superior performance on various evaluation indicators, especially reaching 92.54% on AP. It realizes efficient and accurate detection of remainder particles in closed electronic equipment of spacecraft.
Research on the strong transient process of the secondary air system in the Aero-engine based on the network method
Authors: Liu Haiming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A coupled model of engine mainstream way with secondary air system was established based on the network method. The change rule of engine performance, air system parameters and axial force was simulated when the aero-engine was sunk in shaft failure. The dynamic parameters of the secondary air system could be forecast accurately based on the analysis of transient algorithm, and the transient axial force also could be calculated. So the simulation data can be provided for the engineering design, and it can help the designer improve the secondary air system design. Moreover, its modular character allows integration of further detailed air-system unites and establishment of more complex air system network. The resultant modular tool is prospect in studying the complex dynamic characteristics and mechanism in Aero-engine air system.
Research on ICD design method of airborne system
Authors: Gao Jiawei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Interface control file (ICD) is the intermediate link to undertake system architecture and software development during airborne system design process. Aiming at the design of the ICD of complex airborne systems, a set of design process based on systems engineering is proposed according to the engineering practice experience. The ICD management process is divided into two stages (data integration and change) according to NASA Systems Engineering Manual and practical engineering experience. In the face of a great number of ICD design changes and diversified design scenarios, an ICD design method based on a single data source is proposed, using the object-oriented idea to abstract the airborne system and bus data, and establish a business object data model, which greatly improves the productivity of the interface design and management process.
Effect of pulsed plasma on the scramjet combustor
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yan Zhe , Li Xiuqian , Zhang Tiantian , Che Xueke 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To clarify the effect of pulsed plasma on the scramjet combustor and find the best area of pulsed plasma effect in the cavity, the effects of pulsed plasma on the pressure distribution, velocity distribution, transverse jet cross-sectional area, turbulent kinetic energy and total pressure loss in the combustor were analyzed at different position areas when the discharge frequency was 8 kHz under the condition of incoming flow Ma=1.7 and cold flow. The results show that the effect of pulsed plasma on the combustor is slightly stronger than that of constant plasma, causing a small fluctuation in the shear layer pressure and a further 12.20% increase in the degree of influence on the shear layer velocity. Among the position influence effects, the pulsed plasma has the greatest effect on enhancing the fuel mixing effect when it is located near the trailing edge of the cavity. Compared with the case without plasma, it can increase the shear layer longitudinal velocity by 81.62%; increase the transverse jet cross-sectional area by 2.14%, and increase the turbulent kinetic energy in the central region by 2.48%; reduce the intensity of the shock wave, and reduce the total pressure loss in the combustor by 0.25‰.
Isogeometric stiffness matrix formulations for buckling analysis of multi-layered shells based on lamination parameters for solid-shell elements
Authors: Fan Kuan , Hu Yuechen , Huang Zhengdong , Wu Hao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multi-layered composite shells are extensively used in many industrial fields since they have superior performance in applications. As load-carrying components, buckling failure is one of the most common failure modes of multi-layered shells. Hence, the layup design of multi-layered shells based on optimal buckling factors is widely concerned, where lamination parameters are commonly used in the representation of stiffness. However, the common formulations of laminate stiffness are based on the Classical Laminate Plate Theory (CLT) or the First-order Shear Deformation Plate Theory (FSDT). This paper aims at developing stiffness formulations based on 3D continuum solid theory. The accuracy and efficiency of the stiffness formulations derived in this study are analysed and compared to those obtained by layer-by-layer integration and summation of stiffness calculations.
Intake pressure control based on improved super-twisting for altitude ground test facilities
Authors: Tao Li , Song Zhang , Bai Ke-qiang , Zhuang Yue , Dan Zhi-hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problem of rapid tracking of engine transient pressure, an improved super twisting algorithm (STA) is adopted to control the intake pressure of the engine. The high altitude platform is analyzed systematically, the mathematical model is derived, and the system and control object model are established. It is improved on the basis of classical STA method and has better control effect than PID control methods and LADRC. Transient state tests of the engine under three different working conditions(acceleration/deceleration state of pushing/pulling accelerator lever, engine intake pressure changing from 50kPa to 60kPa, and engine intake pressure changing from 60kPa to 70kPa) are simulated and verified. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional PID and active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)strategies, the method proposed in this paper can track the inlet pressure of the engine in transition state quickly, and can reach and stabilize the given set value accurately and quickly.
Parameter Adjustment of the Autothrust Control Law by Flight Tests
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wu Yunpeng , Liu Huimin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aiming at deriving precise automatic control of airspeed, a comprehensive flight test solution for autothrust control law parameter adjustment was proposed, providing a worthy reference for other aircraft types’ work, including the flight test points and methods, aircraft modification requirements for the test, the system performance analysis and evaluation methods, and the flight test risk analysis. A method invoking test scripts by a flight test interface unit and a control panel to configure parameters of autothrust control law and input excitation signals was proposed for the first time. The test scripts and the test devices cross-link can be fully verified in advance in both iron bird and real aircraft ground tests, which can greatly reduce unexpected risks of the test method based on the flight test engineers’ personal experience. According to the evaluation from three aspects of system response, robustness and throttle lever movement based on the test data, the optimal autothrust control law parameters configuration was given.
Effect of oxygen on trace impurities in extremely pure metal ingots used for realising ITS-90 fixed point temperatures
Authors: Chowdhury Y , Pearce J V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) provides a scheme for calibrating thermometers which is largely based on the freezing points of pure metals such as indium, tin, zinc, aluminium and silver. The existence of trace impurities in pure metals results in uncertainties in the realization of these freezing points. Several methods such as the sum of individual estimates (SIE) and overall maximum estimate (OME) are used to assess the uncertainties due to the presence of impurities. However, it is becoming evident that the oxidation of impurities results in their precipitation, which means that these insoluble oxides no longer play a significant role in the elevation or depression of the freezing temperature. Hence the conventional correction techniques may overestimate the magnitude of the effect. In this study, the thermodynamic modelling software MTDATA was used to evaluate the effect of oxygen on selected impurities in In, Sn, Zn, Al and Ag by calculating the binary impurity-metal phase diagram in the presence of specific amounts of oxygen. It was found that oxygen has a significant effect on many of the systems studied. The most significant effect was observed in the Ag system, and then, in decreasing order of significance, In, Sn, Zn and Al.
The negative beam source with single driver for CRAFT NNBI: design and conditioning results
Authors: Xie Y.H. , Wei J.L. , Gu Y.M. , Xu Y.J. , Liang L.Z. , Cui Q.L. , liu W. , Pan J.J. , Yang Y.W. , Xie J.W. , Zhao Y.Z. , Jiang C.C. , Liu S. , Xie Y.L. , Hu C.D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is a large scientific
facility that is preferentially deployed for the construction of major national science and
technology infrastructures. A negative beam source based neutral beam injector (NNBI) with beam
energy of 200–400 keV, beam power of 2 MW and beam duration of 100 s is one of the devices. A
giant radio frequency (RF) based negative beam source was designed for the CRAFT NNBI system. In
order to understand the physics and pre-study the engineering problems for RF negative beams
source, several beam sources with different scales will be designed and tested. According to the
R&D schedule, a negative beam source with a single driver was designed, developed and tested
first. The single driver beam source is a quarter of the size of the full size negative beam
source. It contains an RF driver, an expansion chamber and a negative ion accelerator with three
electrodes, which are a plasma grid (PG), extraction grid (EG) and ground grid (GG). To enhance
the negative ion production, Cesium is injected into the plasma chamber and a magnetic filter
filed is produced by current flow through the PG to decrease the electron temperature. The
negative beam source was tested on the test facility after assembly, including RF plasma
generation, negative ion production, extraction and acceleration. The characteristic of plasma
discharge, beam extraction and acceleration was studied without and with Cs injection. The long
pulse of 105 seconds negative ion beam was achieved successfully. The extracted negative ion
current is 4 A and the ratio of electron and negative ion is around 0.8. It lays a good foundation
for the R&D of negative ion source with a multi-driver for the CRAFT NNBI system. The details of
the design and experimental results of beam source was shown in this paper.
Simultaneous imaging of prompt gamma photons and prompt X-rays during irradiation of proton beams to human torso phantom at clinical dose level
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yamashita Tomohiro , Kobashi Yusuke , Yabe Takuya , Akagi Takashi , Yamaguchi Mitsutaka , Kawachi Naoki , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Yokokawa Hiromu , Sagisaka Mayu , Kataoka Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although both prompt gamma photon and prompt X-ray imaging
are promising methods for observing a beam shape and estimating the
range of the beam from outside a subject, the images using these two
methods have not been compared under realistic conditions such as in
a human torso phantom. To clarify the imaging capability of prompt
gamma photon and prompt X-ray imaging, simultaneous imaging with
these methods was conducted during irradiation by proton beams to a
human torso phantom at clinical dose level. After a human torso
phantom was set on the bed of a proton therapy system, proton pencil
beams of three different energies at clinical dose level and a
patient planning beam for prostate cancer were used to irradiate the
phantom. Prompt gamma photons and prompt X-rays emitted from the
phantom were simultaneously imaged by a developed gamma camera and
an X-ray camera during irradiation with proton beams to the human
torso phantom. For all of the tested beams, we could obtain the beam
shapes of prompt gamma photons and prompt X-rays images. The ranges
could be estimated within a difference of 11 mm and 14 mm from the
calculated dose for prompt gamma photon and prompt X-ray images,
respectively. For both types of images, time sequential images and
time count rate curves could be derived. We could clarify the
imaging capabilities of prompt gamma photons and prompt X-rays were
different by the simultaneous imaging during proton irradiation to a
human torso phantom. Although both methods had advantages and
disadvantages, we confirmed that both methods are promising for beam
imaging in a torso phantom and also for future clinical use in
proton therapy.
Preliminary characterisation of the HEXITECMHz spectroscopic X-ray imaging detector
Authors: Veale M.C. , Bell S. , Cline B.D. , Church I. , Cross S. , Day C. , French M. , Gardiner T. , Ghorbanian N. , Hart M.D. , Jones L.L. , Lipp J. , Nicholls T. , Nobes J. , Prydderch M. , Schneider A. , Seller P. , Sole D. , Wilson M.D. , Dhamgaye V. , Fox O. , Sawhney K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The HEXITECMHz ASIC is the next generation of the STFC's High Energy X-ray Imaging Technology (HEXITEC). With a ×100 increase in the camera frame rate to 1 MHz, the new ASIC is capable of delivering fully spectroscopic X-ray imaging at photon fluxes of 2×106 photons s-1 mm-2. The improved flux capability ensures the relevance of the technology at a new generation of difraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) synchrotrons as well as enabeling dynamic spectroscopic imaging with sub-keV energy resolution to be carried out on millisecond timescales. In this paper preliminary results from X-ray testing of a 0.3 mm thick p-type Si sensor and 2.0 mm thick HF-CdZnTe sensor at the Diamond Light Source Synchrotron are presented for the first time. Each module consists of 80 × 80 pixels on a 250 μm pixel pitch operated at a temperature of 20°C and a frame rate of 1 MHz. For these preliminary measurements, testing was completed using a prototype test system which limited readout to a portion of the 1 MHz output sampled over an SPI test interface at ∼50 Hz. Despite this limitation these measurements allow the spectroscopic performance of the ASIC to be characterised ahead of the full DAQ system. The prototype detectors were characterised using monochromatic X-rays with energies 12–35 keV at fluxes of (0.6 – 2.5) × 106 photons s-1 mm-2. At an X-ray energy of 12 keV, the energy resolution of the p-type Si and HF-CdZnTe detectors were measured to be 1.0 keV and 1.1 keV respectively. At the higher energies of 20 keV and 35 keV the energy resolution in the HF-CdZnTe was measured to be 1.2 keV and 1.4 keV respectively.
Dose distributions of the INTRABEAM electronic brachytherapy system measured with traceable detectors
Authors: Garcia Yip F. , Šolc J. , Behrens R. , Schneider T. , Grote F. , Kasper A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, a methodology to determine the absorbed dose rate to water distribution from electronic brachytherapy (eBT) units is suggested. It involves measuring directly in a full scatter water tank with small active detectors whose energy response at low X-ray photon energies have been previously characterized. Dose distributions of an INTRABEAM PRS 500 system in two configurations — bare needle and with the spherical applicator of 40 mm diameter — were measured in water using the Exradin A26 ionization chamber and the PTW 60019 microDiamond detector. The continuous energy response of these two detectors in terms of air kerma from 5 keV to 70 keV (eBT energy range) was available from a previous calibration at several X-ray radiation qualities. Here, it is converted to the response in absorbed dose to water using correction factors obtained with Monte Carlo (MC) particle transport simulations. The detectors were modelled using the MCNP code. The air kerma calibration factors were simulated and compared with measurements to refine and validate the models. A series of simulations of the experimental arrangement of the INTRABEAM and the detector were carried out for determining the system specific detector correction factors. These values are distance-dependent due to the steep dose gradient and the remarkable spectral changes around the eBT source in water. The dose rate with distance from the source, the radial and the polar distributions of the INTRABEAM are reported and compared with the manufacturers supplied data. This work is an effort to provide traceability for detectors and measurement procedures for the determination of 3D dose distributions as part of the European joint research project “Primary standards and traceable measurement methods for X-ray emitting electronic brachytherapy devices” (18NRM02 PRISM-eBT).