bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Upper Tarsus in Asian
Authors: Gao Shenzhen , Lu Baixue , Zhou Rong , Gao Weicheng 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to observe and analyze the anatomical and histological characteristics of the upper tarsus in Asian.

Methods:
A total of 15 Asians (14 adults, 1 child) were used. The sagittal sections with thickness of 3 μm in the middle of the upper eyelid were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome and anti-smooth muscle actin antibody staining, and then were observed and photographed under light microscopy.

Results:
On the sagittal section, the upper end of the tarsus was connected with the Müller muscle and the part of the posterior layer of the levator aponeurosis; the lower end was the inflated part of the palpebral margin; the superficial surface was connected with the pretarsal fascia; and the deep surface was connected with Müller muscle aponeurosis and palpebral conjunctiva. Histologically, the tarsus was similar to the structure between dense fibrous connective tissue and cartilage, and its main structures include meibomian glands and its ducts, accessory lacrimal glands, glands of Moll, glands of Zeis, eyelash hair follicles, Riolan muscle, blood vessels, and collagen fibers. Through the observation of the tarsus of a child, compared with the adult specimen, the meibomian gland tissue was more abundant; the collagen fibers density was significantly lower and arranged orderly; the blood vessel density was significantly higher; α-SMA positive smooth muscle cells could be seen in the upper end of the tarsus and its superficial and deep surfaces.

Conclusions:
In this study, the internal and adjacent anatomical structures of the upper tarsus in Asians were observed under a microscope, and according to the histological characteristics, the tarsus was divided into 3 parts and 3 types. Through the preliminary analysis, the tarsus was likely to show different histological characteristics in different individuals and age groups of Asians. There was a certain correlation between the degree of meibomian gland atrophy, the degree of collagen fibrosis and the density of blood vessel in the tarsus.
Effectiveness of Spreader Graft Versus Autospreader Flap in Reducing Nasal Air Resistance
Authors: Cemiloglu Muhammed , Aricigil Mitat , Bayrakci Erdem , Acar Gülay , Arbag Hamdi 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The authors aimed to compare the functional outcomes of 2 different techniques, spreader graft and autospreader flap, by using them for nasal valve surgery in cadavers using acoustic rhinometry (AR).

Method:
Ten frozen cadavers who underwent nasal valve surgery between May 2017 and August 2018 were randomly divided into 2 groups. Spreader grafts were applied to 10 nasal valve regions in 1 group, while the autospreader flap method was used on the other 10 nasal valve regions. The effectiveness of the surgical techniques was evaluated utilizing AR.

Result:
We objectively evaluated the effect of surgery on nasal air resistance by comparing the preoperative and postoperative AR values (MCA1, MCA2, volume) in both the spreader graft and the autospreader flap groups. In addition, the differences in nasal potency gain after the application of both techniques were compared and the superiority of the 2 surgeries in terms of functional gains was evaluated. A statistically significant difference was observed in preoperative and postoperative MCA1, MCA2, and volume values in both the techniques and sides. The authors found more significant nasal valve opening for the spreader graft technique using acoustic rhinometric values when compared with the autospreader flap technique.

Conclusions:
In both methods, the air resistance was observed to decrease objectively in the nasal valve region. Autospreader flaps increase the nasal valve angle without the need for additional cartilage tissue, and it could be an alternative to spreader grafts.
Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Loos Martin , Mack Claudia E. , Xu An Ting L. , Hassenpflug Matthias , Hinz Ulf , Mehrabi Arianeb , Berchtold Christoph , Schneider Martin , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Roth Susanne , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Recently, subclassification of pancreatoduodenectomy in 4 differing types has been reported, because additional major vascular and multivisceral resections have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Objective:
To classify distal pancreatectomy (DP) based on the extent of resection and technical difficulty and to evaluate postoperative outcomes with regards to this classification system.

Methods:
All consecutive patients who had undergone DP between 2001 and 2020 in a high-volume pancreatic surgery center were included in this study. DPs were subclassified into 4 distinct categories reflecting the extent of resection and technical difficulty, including standard DP (type 1), DP with venous (type 2), multivisceral (type 3), or arterial resection (type 4). Patient characteristics, perioperative data and postoperative outcomes were analyzed and compared among the 4 groups.

Results:
A total of 2,135 patients underwent DP. Standard DP was the most frequently performed procedure (64.8%). The overall 90-day mortality rate was 1.6%. Morbidity rates were higher in patients with additional vascular or multivisceral resections, and 90-day mortality gradually increased with the extent of resection from standard DP to DP with arterial resection (type 1: 0.7%; type 2: 1.3%; type 3: 3%; type 4: 8.7%; P<0.0001). Multivariable analysis confirmed the type of DP as an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality.

Conclusion:
Postoperative outcomes after DP depend on the extent of resection and correlate with the type of DP. The implementation of the 4-type classification system allows standardized reporting of surgical outcomes after DP improving comparability of future studies.
Evaluation of novel hemostatic agents in a coagulopathic swine model of junctional hemorrhage
Authors: Gerling Kimberly A. , Kersey Alexander J. , Lauria Alexis L. , Mares John A. , Hutzler Justin D. , White Paul W. , Abel Biebele , Burmeister David M. , Propper Brandon , White Joseph M. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Hemostatic dressings are used extensively in both military and civilian trauma to control lethal noncompressible hemorrhage. The ideal topical hemostatic agent would provide reliable hemostasis in patients with profound acidosis, coagulopathy, and shock. This study aimed to compare next-generation hemostatic agents against the current military standard in a translational swine model of vascular injury and coagulopathy.

METHODS
Female Yorkshire swine were randomized to eight groups (total n = 63; control n = 14, per group n = 7) of hemostatic agents and included: QuikClot Combat Gauze (Teleflex, Morrisville, NC), which served as the control; BloodSTOP IX (LifeScience Plus, Mountain View, CA); Celox Rapid (Medtrade Product, Crewe, United Kingdom); ChitoSAM 100 (Sam Medical, Tualatin, OR); EVARREST Fibrin Sealant Patch (Ethicon, Raritan, NJ); TAC Wrapping Gauze (H&H Medical, Williamsburg, VA); ChitoGauze XR Pro (Tricol Biomedical, Portland, OR); and X-Stat 30 (RevMedX, Wilsonville, OR). Hemodilution via exchange transfusion of 6% hetastarch was performed to induce acidosis and coagulopathy. An arteriotomy was created, allowing 30 seconds of free bleeding followed by application of the hemostatic agent and compression via an external compression device. A total of three applications were allowed for continued/recurrent bleeding. All blood loss was collected, and hemostatic agents were weighed to calculate blood volume loss. Following a 180-minute observation period, angiography was completed to evaluate for technical complication and distal perfusion of the limb. Finally, the limb was ranged five times to assess for rebleeding and clot stability.

RESULTS
All swine were confirmed coagulopathic with rotational thromboelastography and acidotic (pH 7.2 ± 0.02). BloodSTOP IX allowed a significant increase in blood loss and number of applications required to obtain hemostasis compared with all other groups. BloodSTOP IX demonstrated a decreased survival rate (29%, p = 0.02). All mortalities were directly attributed to exsanguination as a result of device failure. In surviving animals, there was no difference in extravasation. BloodSTOP IX had an increased rebleeding rate after ranging compared with QuikClot Combat Gauze (p = 0.007).

CONCLUSION
Most novel hemostatic agents demonstrated comparable efficacy compared with the currently military standard hemostatic dressing, CG.
Low-pass whole genome sequencing is a reliable and cost-effective approach for copy number variant analysis in the clinical setting
Authors: Mazzonetto Patricia C. , Villela Darine , da Costa Silvia Souza , Krepischi Ana C. V. , Milanezi Fernanda , Migliavacca Michele P. , Pierry Paulo M. , Bonaldi Adriano , Almeida Luiz Gustavo D. , De Souza Camila Alves , Kroll José Eduardo , Paula Marcelo G. , Guarischi-Sousa Rodrigo , Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam , Rosenberg Carla 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the performance of low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS) to detect copy number variants (CNVs) in clinical cytogenetics. DNA samples with known CNVs detected by chromosomal microarray analyses (CMA) were selected for comparison; our panel included 44 DNA samples (12 prenatal and 32 postnatal), comprising a total of 55 chromosome imbalances. The selected cases were chosen to provide a wide range of clinically relevant CNVs, being the vast majority associated with intellectual disability or recognizable syndromes. The chromosome imbalances ranged in size from 75 kb to 90.3 Mb, including aneuploidies and two cases of mosaicism. All CNVs were successfully detected by LP-WGS, showing a high level of consistency and robust performance of the sequencing method. Notably, the size of chromosome imbalances detected by CMA and LP-WGS were compatible between the two different platforms, which indicates that the resolution and sensitivity of the LP-WGS approach are at least similar to those provided by CMA. Our data show the potential use of LP-WGS to detect CNVs in clinical diagnosis and confirm the method as an alternative for chromosome imbalances detection. The diagnostic effectiveness and feasibility of LP-WGS, in this technical validation study, were evidenced by a clinically representative dataset of CNVs that allowed a systematic assessment of the detection power and the accuracy of the sequencing approach. Further, since the software used in this study is commercially available, the method can be easily tested and implemented in a routine diagnostic setting.
Ovarian carcinoma patients with a tumorBRCA-like genomic copy number aberration profile benefit from maintenance olaparib/bevacizumab therapy in the PAOLA-1 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schouten Philip C. , Schmidt Sandra , Becker Kerstin , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Richters Lisa , Ernst Corinna , Treilleux Isabelle , Medioni Jacques , Heitz Florian , Pisano Carmela , Garcia Yolanda , Petru Edgar , Hietanen Sakari , Colombo Nicoletta , Vergote Ignace , Nagao Shoji , Linn Sabine C. , Pujade Lauraine Eric , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Harter Philip , Hahnen Eric , Schmutzler Rita K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe previously established an ovarian carcinoma (OC)BRCA-like genomic copy number aberration profile classifier (“BRCA-like classifier”), which identifies tumors with deleterious mutations and epigenetic alterations in the homologous recombination pathway (1). We explored whether the classifier may also be predictive for therapies targeting tumors with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) such as olaparib, a PARP inhibitor with synthetic lethal interaction with HRD, in combination with bevacizumab.MethodsAs part of the ENGOT (European Network of Gynaecological Oncological Trial groups) HRD initiative, the OCBRCA-like classifier was evaluated using tumor-derived DNA samples from 469 out of 806 patients enrolled in the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. PAOLA-1 is a randomized, double-blind, international phase 3 trial (NCT02477644) including advanced high grade OC patients. Prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was observed for patients treated with maintenance olaparib and bevacizumab versus placebo and bevacizumab, and particularly for those patients tested HRD positive according to Myriad MyChoice® CDx HRD test.ResultsResults were obtained for 442 patients (failure rate of 6%, 27 of 469 samples). A survival benefit from adding maintenance olaparib was observed in the 298 (67%) patients with aBRCA-like tumor (hazard ratio (HR) for PFS: 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.65, p = 0.01; OS: 0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.90, p < 0.01). No benefit was detected in patients with a non-BRCA-like tumor when treated with olaparib (HR for PFS: 1.02, 95% CI 0.68-1.51, p = 0.93; OS 1.48, 95% CI 0.94-2.33, p = 0.09). P values for interaction betweenBRCA-like status and olaparib for PFS and OS were both 0.004. Multivariate analysis revealed comparable results. The concordance rate with the Myriad test was 77% in samples that were successfully analysed with both assays. In the survival analyses, the CIs of theBRCA-like classifier and the Myriad test overlap.ConclusionTheBRCA-like classifier is a high-sensitive predictive biomarker for survival benefit of olaparib/bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma with a low drop-out rate.
Preventable deaths involving falls in England and Wales, 2013-2022: a systematic case series of coroners’ reports
Authors: Song Kaiyang , Portwood Clara , Jindal Jessy , Launer David , France Harrison S , Hey Molly , Richards Georgia , Dernie Francesco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls in older people are common, but can lead to significant harm including death. Coroners in England and Wales have a duty to report cases where action should be taken to prevent deaths, but dissemination of their findings remains poor.ObjectiveTo identify preventable fall-related deaths, classify coroners’ concerns, and explore organisational responses.DesignRetrospective case series.SettingCoroners’ reports to Prevent Future Deaths (PFD) in England and Wales.MethodsWeb scraping was used to screen and read PFDs from the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website from July 2013 (inception) to November 2022. Demographic information, coroners’ concerns and responses from organisations were extracted. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to synthesise data.Results527 PFDs (12.5% of all PFDs) involved a fall that contributed to death. These deaths predominantly affected older people (median 82 years) in the community (72%), with subsequent death in hospital (70.8%). A high proportion of cases experienced fractures, major bleeding or head injury. Coroners frequently raised concerns regarding falls risks assessments, failures in communication, and documentation issues. Only 56.7% of PFDs received a response from the intended recipients. Organisations produced new protocols, improved training, and commenced audits in response to PFDs.ConclusionsOne in eight preventable deaths reported in England and Wales involved a fall. Addressing concerns raised by coroners should improve falls prevention and care following falls especially for older adults. Poor responses to coroners may indicate that actions are not being taken. Wider learning from PFD findings may help reduce preventable fall-related deaths.
Heterogeneous genomic architecture of skeletal armour traits in sticklebacks
Authors: Yi Xueling , Kemppainen Petri , Reid Kerry , Chen Ying , Rastas Pasi , Fraimout Antoine , Merilae Juha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhether populations adapt to similar selection pressures using the same underlying genetic variants depends on population history and the distribution of standing genetic variation at the metapopulation level. Studies of sticklebacks provide a case in point: when colonising and adapting to freshwater habitats, three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus; TSSs) with high gene flow tend to fix the same adaptive alleles in the same major loci, whereas nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius; NPSs) with limited gene flow tend to utilize a more heterogeneous set of loci. In accordance with this, we report results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using a F2back-cross design showing that lateral plate number variation in the western European lineage of NPSs mapped to three moderate-effect QTL, contrary to one major QTL in TSSs and these QTL were different from the four previously identified QTL in the eastern European lineage of NPSs. Furthermore, several QTL were identified associated with variation in lateral plate size, and three moderate-effect QTL with body size. Together, these findings indicate that genetic underpinnings of skeletal armour variation inPungitiussticklebacks are more polygenic and heterogenous than those in three-spined sticklebacks, indicating limited genetic parallelism underlying armour trait evolution in the family Gasterostidae.
Modelling axonal loss caused by chronic demyelination and slow-burning inflammation at the rim of chronic lesions in MS patients
Authors: Klistorner Samuel , Klistorner Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesSlow-burning inflammation at the edge of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions and loss of myelin in the depths of the lesions have emerged as a key components of disease progression. However, their relative contribution to progressive axonal damage has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine relative weight of those factors in axonal attrition inside the chronic MS lesions by measuring tissue rarefication of the lesion core.MethodsPre- and post-gadolinium 3D-T1, 3D FLAIR, diffusion tensor images, Optical Coherence tomography and multifocal visual evoked potentials were acquired from 52 patients. Analysis was performed between baseline and 48 months. Lesion expansion was measured using in-house software. The degree of lesional tissue damage was determined by measuring increase of Mean Diffusivity (MD) in lesion core normalised over MD dynamic range.ResultsThere were 104 expanding and 257 stable lesions. Rate of normalised MD (nMD) increase was several folds higher in expanding vs stable lesions (0.21% vs 1.12% per year, p=0.01). The magnitude of nMD change was significantly associated with the rate of lesion expansion (r=0.4, p<0.001). Analysis of visual system revealed the rate of axonal loss similar to the degree of tissue rarefication in stable lesions.InterpretationThe current study demonstrated a significant increase in water content in chronic MS lesions, which was, however, markedly higher in slowly expanding compared to stable lesions. This suggests that slow-burning inflammation at the lesion rim, when present, is likely to play a more significant role in axonal attrition than chronic demyelination.
Co-enrichment of cancer-associated bacterial taxa is correlated with immune cell infiltrates in esophageal tumor tissue
Authors: Greathouse KL , Stone JK , Vargas AJ , Choudhury A , Padgett N , White JR , Jung A , Harris CC 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEsophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a strong risk factor along with smoking. Smoking is well-known to induce microbial dysbiosis and we asked if BE and esophageal microbiomes had shared microbial alterations that could provide novel biomarkers. We extracted DNA from BE tissues (n=5) and tumors of 158 patients in the NCI-MD case control study and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene (V3-4), with TCGA ESCA RNAseq (n = 173) and WGS (n = 139) non-human reads used as validation. We identified four taxa,Campylobacter, Prevotella, Streptococcus, andFusobacteriumas highly enriched in esophageal cancer across all cohorts. Using SparCC, we discovered thatFusobacteriumandPrevotellawere also co-enriched across all cohorts. We then analyzed immune cell infiltration to determine if these dysbiotic taxa were associated with immune signatures. Using xCell to obtain predicted immune infiltrates, we identified a depletion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) cells in tumors with presence of any of the four taxa, along with enrichment of platelets in tumors withCampylobactororFusobacterium. Taken together, our results suggest that intratumoral presence of these co-occurring bacterial genera may confer tumor promoting immune alternations that allow disease progression in esophageal cancer.
Bridging the gap between movement data and connectivity analysis using the time-explicit Step Selection Function (tSSF)
Authors: Valle Denis , Attias Nina , Cullen Joshua A. , Hooten Mevin B. , Giroux Aline , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo R. , Desbiez Arnaud L. J. , Fletcher Robert J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how to connect habitat remnants to facilitate the movement of species is a critical task in an increasingly fragmented world impacted by human activities. The identification of dispersal routes and corridors through connectivity analysis requires measures of landscape resistance but there has been no consensus on how to calculate resistance from habitat characteristics, potentially leading to very different connectivity outcomes.MethodsWe propose a new model called the time-explicit step selection function (tSSF) that can be directly used for connectivity analysis in the context of the spatial absorbing Markov chain (SAMC) framework without requiring arbitrary transformations. The tSSF model combines a time model with a standard selection function and can provide complementary information regarding how animals use landscapes by separately assessing the drivers of time to traverse the landscape and the drivers of habitat selection. These models are illustrated using GPS-tracking data from giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil.ResultsThe time model revealed that the fastest movements tended to occur between 8 pm and 5 am, suggesting a crepuscular/nocturnal behavior. Giant anteaters moved faster over wetlands while moving much slower over forests and savannas, in comparison to grasslands. We found that wetlands were consistently avoided whereas forest and savannas tended to be selected. Importantly, this model revealed that selection for forest increased with temperature, suggesting that forests may act as important thermal shelters when temperatures are high. Finally, the tSSF results can be used to simulate movement and connectivity within a fragmented landscape, revealing that giant anteaters will often not use the shortest-distance path to the destination patch (because that would require traversing a wetland, an avoided habitat) and that approximately 90% of the individuals will have reached the destination patch after 49 days.ConclusionsThe approach proposed here can be used to gain a better understanding of how landscape features are perceived by individuals through the decomposition of movement patterns into a time and a habitat selection component. This approach can also help bridge the gap between movement-based models and connectivity analysis, enabling the generation of time-explicit results.