bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional knockout of ITGB4 in bronchial epithelial cells directs bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Chen Yu , Jiang Wang , Wang Jin‐Mei , Ma Xiao‐Di , Wu Di , Liu Le‐Xin , Ji Ming , Qu Xiang‐Ping , Liu Chi , Liu Hui‐Jun , Qin Xiao‐Qun , Xiang Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeonatal respiratory system disease is closely associated with embryonic lung development. Our group found that integrin β4 (ITGB4) is downregulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Therefore, we suspect whether the deletion of ITGB4 would affect fetal lung development. In this study, we characterized the role of ITGB4 deficiency in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). ITGB4 was conditionally knocked out in CCSP‐rtTA, Tet‐O‐Cre and ITGB4f/f triple transgenic mice. Lung tissues at different developmental stages were collected for experimental detection and transcriptome sequencing. The effects of ITGB4 deficiency on lung branching morphogenesis were observed by fetal mouse lung explant culture. Deleting ITGB4 from the airway epithelial cells results in enlargement of alveolar airspaces, inhibition of branching, the abnormal structure of epithelium cells and the impairment of cilia growth during lung development. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the airway epithelial cilia of the β4ccsp.cre group appear to be sparse, shortened and lodging. Lung‐development‐relevant factors such as SftpC and SOX2 significantly decreased both mRNA and protein levels. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that multiple ontogenesis‐regulating‐relevant pathways converge to FAK. Accordingly, ITGB4 deletion decreased phospho‐FAK, phospho‐GSK3β and SOX2 levels, and the correspondingly contrary consequence was detected after treatment with GSK3β agonist (wortmannin). Airway branching defect of β4ccsp.cre mice lung explants was also partly recovered after wortmannin treatment. Airway epithelial‐specific deletion of ITGB4 contributes to lung developmental defect, which could be achieved through the FAK/GSK3β/SOX2 signal pathway.
Development of a machine learning multiclass screening tool for periodontal health status based on non‐clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers
Authors: Deng Ke , Zonta Francesco , Yang Huan , Pelekos George , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo develop a multiclass non‐clinical screening tool for periodontal disease and assess its accuracy for differentiating periodontal health, gingivitis and different stages of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional diagnostic study on a convenience sample of 408 consecutive subjects was conducted by applying three non‐clinical index tests estimating different features of the periodontal health–disease spectrum: a self‐administered questionnaire, an oral rinse activated matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) point‐of‐care test (POCT) and determination of gingival bleeding on brushing (GBoB). Full‐mouth periodontal examination was the reference standard. The periodontal diagnosis was made on the basis of the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions. Logistic regression and random forest (RF) analyses were performed to predict various periodontal diagnoses, and the accuracy measures were assessed.ResultsFour‐hundred and eight subjects were enrolled in this study, including those with periodontal health (16.2%), gingivitis (15.2%) and stage I (15.9%), stage II (15.9%), stage III (29.7%) and stage IV (7.1%) periodontitis. Nine predictors, namely ‘gum disease’ (Q1), ‘a rating of gum/teeth health’ (Q2), ‘tooth cleaning’ (Q3a), the symptom of ‘loose teeth’ (Q4), ‘use of floss’ (Q7), aMMP‐8 POCT, self‐reported GBoB, haemoglobin and age, resulted in high levels of accuracy in the RF classifier. High accuracy (area under the ROC curve > 0.94) was observed for the discrimination of three (health, gingivitis and periodontitis) and six classes (health, gingivitis, stages I, II, III and IV periodontitis). Confusion matrices showed that the misclassification of a periodontitis case as health or gingivitis was less than 1%–2%.ConclusionsMachine learning‐based classifiers, such as RF analyses, are promising tools for multiclass assessment of periodontal health and disease in a non‐clinical setting. Results need to be externally validated in appropriately sized independent samples (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03928080).
The interaction of mental health and race and ethnicity in juvenile justice placement decisions
Authors: Margherio Samantha M. , Schmidt Adam T. , Boekankamp Danielle , Espinosa Erin M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated the interaction of mental health needs and race and ethnicity on juvenile justice placement decisions. Mental health diagnoses and placement decisions were collected for a large (n = 9765) sample of justice‐involved youth in the state of Texas from 2007 to 2008. Analyses revealed Black and Hispanic youth were overrepresented in secure facilities, although race and ethnicity were not predictive of disposition decisions beyond legal variables. Substance use interacted with race and ethnicity such that Black and Hispanic youth with substance use diagnoses were less likely than non‐Hispanic White youth to be placed in secure settings. Youth with internalizing or externalizing mental health diagnoses received similar placement decisions regardless of race or ethnicity. Findings are in contrast to prior investigations of the interaction of race/ethnicity and mental health needs on placement decisions, perhaps due to the use of mental health diagnoses in the current study rather than other indicators of mental health need. Future research should investigate potential bias present within psychosocial evaluations and resulting mental health diagnoses within the juvenile justice system to inform their utility in the placement decision‐making process, and how these social identities interact to influence each step along the juvenile justice system pathway to identify potential points of biased decision making that may compound the adverse effects of juvenile justice system involvement for youth.
Examining the implications of early adolescent attachment on out‐of‐home placement and family courts
Authors: Miller Adrienne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFew scholars have examined early adolescent attachment in child welfare, where placement is a necessary but forced attachment disruption. The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative study was to examine the responses of 18‐ to 24‐year‐olds (n = 83) who had been in out‐of‐home care, comparing early adolescent versus non‐early adolescent placement, placement setting, and sibling accessibility on attachment. Results showed early adolescents were almost half as likely to be securely attached postplacement than other age ranges and the importance of family‐like placements and maintaining peer relationships.
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing in sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis)
Authors: Lin Zhelong , Chen Lei , Tang Shanjie , Zhao Mengjie , Li Tong , You Jia , You Changqing , Li Boshu , Zhao Qinghua , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Jianli , Shen Zhongbao , Song Xianwei , Zhang Shuaibin , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe lack of genome editing platforms has hampered efforts to study and improve forage crops that can be grown on lands not suited to other crops. Here, we established efficient Agrobacterium‐mediated clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) genome editing in a perennial, stress‐tolerant forage grass, sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis). By screening for active single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs), accessions that regenerate well, suitable Agrobacterium strains, and optimal culture media, and co‐expressing the morphogenic factor TaWOX5, we achieved 11% transformation and 5.83% editing efficiency in sheepgrass. Knocking out Teosinte Branched1 (TB1) significantly increased tiller number and biomass. This study opens avenues for studying gene function and breeding in sheepgrass.
Psychological distress and convergence of own and proxy health‐related quality of life in carers of adults with an intellectual disability
Authors: Rudra S. , Ali A. , Powell J. M. , Hastings R. P. , Totsika V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn adults with an intellectual disability, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is often measured by proxy report. This cross‐sectional study investigated whether the mental health of proxy raters impacts the way they rate HRQoL.MethodsIn this study, 110 carers of adults with an intellectual disability completed measures of psychological distress (Kessler‐6) and HRQoL (EQ‐5D‐3L) about their own HRQoL and that of the care recipient. Differences between HRQoL scores as rated by the carer about themselves and the care recipient were calculated (convergence scores) and multiple regression models were fitted to estimate the association between proxy psychological distress and convergence scores for subjective/objective HRQoL controlling for support needs of the care recipient, carer age and gender of care recipient.ResultsThere was a significant association between psychological distress and subjective HRQoL convergence scores (r = .92; P = 0.03; 95%; CI: −1.76 to −0.09). There was no association between psychological distress and objective HRQoL convergence scores (r = .01; CI −0.02 to 0.001; P = 0.08). The association between psychological distress and HRQoL scores was no longer present when models did not include convergence scores.ConclusionsCarers experiencing more psychological distress tended to rate their own and the care recipients' subjective HRQoL more similarly. Objective HRQoL measures did not show this convergence in scores with increasing carer psychological distress. Findings differed when the analysis approach was changed, suggesting the results above require replication in future studies.
Outcomes of trauma‐informed care on the psychological health of women experiencing intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chu Yi‐Chin , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Chou Fan‐Hao , Hsu Yi‐Fen , Liao Kuei‐Lin 
Published: September 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than men; 19.2%–69.0% of women have experienced IPV, and the percentage is increasing.

Survivors of IPV suffer from physical, psychological, social and reproductive health problems and numerous adverse health consequences such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These are considered IPV comorbidities, especially among women.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study reviews and reinforces existing scientific knowledge regarding the application of trauma‐informed care (TIC), including intervention content or type, frequency, duration of session and length.

This study focused on the effects of TIC. Furthermore, it examines short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcome effects, which are more significant for clinical practice.

What are the implications for practice?

Development of a standardized protocol to address specific needs for TIC in IPV care settings.

Among multidisciplinary teams, nurses are the ideal professionals to support women experiencing IPV. They can understand their traumatic experiences better, improve their therapeutic relationships and engage patients in collaborative care.

AbstractIntroductionPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are considered intimate partner violence (IPV) comorbidities, especially among women. Trauma‐informed care (TIC) is the most common element of IPV care.AimThis study analysed the short‐term (3 months) and medium‐term (6 months) outcomes of TIC on PTSD, depression and anxiety in women experiencing IPV.MethodThe Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were followed, and databases were searched from their inception to September 2022.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials included 850 women randomly assigned to the TIC and usual care groups. Overall, TIC showed a superior psychological health‐improving effect. Depression and anxiety significantly improved after treatment and at three and 6 months. No difference was observed in PTSD between the two groups at 3 and 6 months.DiscussionThe growing evidence demonstrates that the lack of IPV intervention effects reported by reviews may be due to the attributes of PTSD, heterogeneity of TIC intervention design and components of TIC. Therefore, its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive.Implications for PracticeWe analysed studies by stratifying intervention frequencies of once or twice a week. Regardless of the intervention frequency, length and design, PTSD decreased immediately after the TIC intervention. However, a significant difference in depression was observed after a TIC intervention of above 9 weeks.
Childhood poisonings: Effects of ambiguous product characteristics on preschool children's categorization of household chemicals
Authors: Bosshart Noah , Bearth Angela , Wermelinger Stephanie , Daum Moritz M. , Siegrist Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated preschool children's categorization and risk perception of products with ambiguous product characteristics (e.g., food‐like packaging). These characteristics make it difficult for preschool children to categorize household chemicals correctly. This, therefore, increases the risk of unintentional poisoning. We hypothesized that ambiguity arises from different product characteristics, such as the type of packaging, the products’ scent, or the packaging's color and transparency. In four behavioral tasks, N = 108 preschool children (M = 43 months, SD = 3) categorized different products and household chemicals with various types of packaging, colors, and scents. Individually wrapped dishwasher tablets were more likely to be categorized as edible than unwrapped ones. Furthermore, children who had interacted with any type of dishwasher tablet in the last 6 months performed better in identifying dishwasher tablets, regardless of packaging type. Household chemicals with a fruity scent were more likely to be categorized as drinkable than those with a chlorine scent. Finally, the children considered black bottles more dangerous and preferred them less than bottles of a different color. In contrast, bottle transparency generally did not seem to affect risk perception and preference. These findings confirm that ambiguous product characteristics influence children's categorization of unknown products and, thus, their risk perception and decision‐making. Manufacturers and caregivers are advised to reduce the ambiguity of household chemicals by designing more neutral product packaging and choosing products with more neutral elements, respectively.
Exploring and contextualizing the associations among political identification, vaccine risk and benefit perceptions, and vaccine acceptance
Authors: Chen Nien‐Tsu Nancy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is considerable research on the influence of political partisanship on vaccine acceptance. However, the current study is one of the first to investigate how political identification is related to risk and benefit perceptions vis‐à‐vis vaccines. Based on survey data collected in the United States regarding four different vaccines at three points in time (n = 383 for April–June 2012; n = 364 for March 2020; n = 334 for April–May 2020), Democrats were found to have more positive attitudes toward vaccinations in general and hold more favorable risk and benefit perceptions of pandemic and routine vaccines overall compared to Republicans. However, the onset of a pandemic can serve as an equalizing force and motivate similar risk and benefit perceptions across party lines, but this force can wane quickly when the information environment is politicized. For political partisans who are ideologically oriented to be more hesitant toward vaccines, two conditions can help sustain their favorable vaccine perceptions during a pandemic: (a) when they identify with the governing political party, and (b) when there are consistent reassurances of vaccine safety and effectiveness from their partisan leadership. Given that risk and benefit perceptions were found to be consistently associated with vaccine acceptance across contexts in this study, communication aimed at encouraging vaccinations should always address the risks and benefits of a vaccine in ways that are tailored for individuals with different political affiliations.
Accuracy of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use from 15 CPET systems during simulated and human exercise
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Souren Tjeu , Bongers Bart C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeVarious systems are available for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), but their accuracy remains largely unexplored. We evaluate the accuracy of 15 popular CPET systems to assess respiratory variables, substrate use, and energy expenditure during simulated exercise. Cross‐comparisons were also performed during human cycling experiments (i.e., verification of simulation findings), and between‐session reliability was assessed for a subset of systems.MethodsA metabolic simulator was used to simulate breath‐by‐breath gas exchange, and the values measured by each system (minute ventilation [V̇E], breathing frequency [BF], oxygen uptake [V̇O2], carbon dioxide production [V̇CO2], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], energy from carbs and fats, and total energy expenditure) were compared to the simulated values to assess the accuracy. The following manufacturers (system) were assessed: COSMED (Quark CPET, K5), Cortex (MetaLyzer 3B, MetaMax 3B), Vyaire (Vyntus CPX, Oxycon Pro), Maastricht Instruments (Omnical), MGC Diagnostics (Ergocard Clinical, Ergocard Pro, Ultima), Ganshorn/Schiller (PowerCube Ergo), Geratherm (Ergostik), VO2master (VO2masterPro), PNOĒ (PNOĒ), and Calibre Biometrics (Calibre).ResultsAbsolute percentage errors during the simulations ranged from 1.15%–44.3% for V̇E, 1.05–3.79% for BF, 1.10%–13.3% for V̇O2, 1.07%–18.3% for V̇CO2, 0.62%–14.8% for RER, 5.52%–99.0% for Kcal from carbs, 5.13%–133% for Kcal from fats, and 0.59%–12.1% for total energy expenditure. Between‐session variation ranged from 0.86%–21.0% for V̇O2 and 1.14%–20.2% for V̇CO2, respectively.ConclusionThe error of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use differed substantially between systems, with only a few systems demonstrating a consistent acceptable error. We extensively discuss the implications of our findings for clinicians, researchers and other CPET users.
Quality improvement review of O positive blood in emergency transfusion
Authors: Chowdhury Rakin , Williams Bronwyn A. , Williams Sue , Casey John 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe recently introduced a policy to use O positive red cells in emergency transfusions for males >16 years of age and females >50 years of age. Here, we investigate changes in emergency transfusion practice and rates of red cell alloimmunization with the use of O positive blood for emergency transfusion.Study Design and MethodsState‐wide retrospective review of emergency transfusions between June 2020 and June 2021. The laboratory information system and patient medical records were used to collect demographic details, indications for transfusion, usage of O positive and O negative blood and rates of alloimmunization.ResultsThere were 2354 red cell units transfused to 1013 patients (male = 59%, average age = 53 years) during the 12‐month period. O positive units accounted for 46.9% (1103 units) of emergency transfusions. However, 726 (30.8%) O negative units were transfused to patients without a mandatory indication for O negative blood. Twenty‐eight patients (2.9%) had a red cell alloantibody prior to transfusion including anti‐E (n = 10), anti‐D (n = 4), and anti‐K (n = 4). One patient with prior anti‐D had mild delayed hemolysis. There were 19 patients (4.3%, median follow‐up 22 days) who developed a red cell alloantibody after emergency transfusion and include anti‐E (n = 10), anti‐D (n = 7), and anti‐C (n = 5).DiscussionThe use of O positive blood for emergency transfusion has saved 1103 O negative red cell units with no detriment to patient outcome. There remains potential to optimize use of O positive blood in emergency transfusion and to understand red cell alloimmunization rates in a prospective fashion.
Design Considerations for the Dimensional Synthesis of Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms
Authors: Vennard Henry , Greenwood Jacob , Butler Jared 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Developable mechanisms provide unparalleled compactness and deployability. This paper explores the kinematic behavior of developable mechanisms that conform to regular cylindrical surfaces. Design considerations that aid in the dimensional synthesis of these mechanisms are developed and demonstrated through case studies. The design implications, limitations, and opportunities associated with regular cylindrical developable mechanisms are discussed through the lens of both an analytical and graphical methods.
Exploiting the Kinematic Redundancy of a (6 + 3)-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator to Produce Unlimited Rotation of the Platform
Authors: Yiğit Arda , Breton David , Gosselin Clément 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mechanical interference and singularities within the reachable workspace often restrict the orientational workspace of parallel robots. Introducing kinematic redundancy can alleviate this limitation. This paper discusses the possibility to produce unlimited rotation of the platform of a tripedal (6 + 3)-degree-of-freedom kinematically redundant parallel robot. The articulated platform of such a robot has three degrees of mobility. The platforms considered here are planar linkages that contain either revolute or prismatic joints. It is shown that at least two revolute joints are required to produce unlimited rotation with appropriate design and initial configuration, while the platforms with two prismatic joints cannot produce such rotations without crossing a singularity.