bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of Thermal Properties of Ex Vivo Porcine Heart and Lung in Hyperthermia and Ablative Temperature Ranges
Authors: Bianchi Leonardo , Bontempi Martina , De Simone Sabrina , Franceschet Martina , Saccomandi Paola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work proposes the characterization of the temperature dependence of the thermal properties of heart and lung tissues from room temperature up to > 90 °C. The thermal diffusivity (α), thermal conductivity (k), and volumetric heat capacity (Cv) of ex vivo porcine hearts and deflated lungs were measured with a dual-needle sensor technique. α and k associated with heart tissue remained almost constant until ~ 70 and ~ 80 °C, accordingly. Above ~ 80 °C, a more substantial variation in these thermal properties was registered: at 94 °C, α and k respectively experienced a 2.3- and 1.5- fold increase compared to their nominal values, showing average values of 0.346 mm2/s and 0.828 W/(m·K), accordingly. Conversely, Cv was almost constant until 55 °C and decreased afterward (e.g., Cv = 2.42 MJ/(m3·K) at 94 °C). Concerning the lung tissue, both its α and k were characterized by an exponential increase with temperature, showing a marked increment at supraphysiological and ablative temperatures (at 91 °C, α and k were equal to 2.120 mm2/s and 2.721 W/(m·K), respectively, i.e., 13.7- and 13.1-fold higher compared to their baseline values). Regression analysis was performed to attain the best-fit curves interpolating the measured data, thus providing models of the temperature dependence of the investigated properties. These models can be useful for increasing the accuracy of simulation-based preplanning frameworks of interventional thermal procedures, and the realization of tissue-mimicking materials.
On the effectiveness of sequential linear programming for the pooling problem
Authors: Grothey Andreas , McKinnon Ken 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compare the performance of a local solution technique—namely Sequential Linear Programming (SLP) employing random starting points—with state-of-the-art global solvers such as Baron and more sophisticated local solvers such as Sequential Quadratic Programming and Interior Point for the pooling problem. These problems can have many local optima, and we present a small example that illustrates how this can occur.We demonstrate that SLP—usually deemed obsolete since the arrival of fast reliable SQP solvers, Interior Point Methods and sophisticated global solvers—is still the method of choice for an important class of pooling problems when the criterion is the quality of the solution found within a given acceptable time budget. On this measure SLP significantly ourperforms all other tested algorithms.In addition we introduce a new formulation, the qq-formulation, for the case of fixed demands, that exclusively uses proportional variables. We compare the performance of SLP and the global solver Baron on the qq-formulation and other common formulations. While Baron with the qq-formulation generates weaker bounds than with the other formulations tested, for both SLP and Baron the qq-formulation finds the best solutions within a given time budget. The qq-formulation can be strengthened by pq-like cuts in which case the same bounds as for the pq-formulation are obtained. However the associated time penalty due to the additional constraints results in poorer solution quality within the time budget.
On Korn’s First Inequality in a Hardy-Sobolev Space
Authors: Spector Daniel E. , Spector Scott J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKorn’s first inequality states that there exists a constant such that the ${\mathcal {L}}^{2}$

L
2

-norm of the infinitesimal displacement gradient is bounded above by this constant times the ${\mathcal {L}}^{2}$

L
2

-norm of the infinitesimal strain, i.e., the symmetric part of the gradient, for all infinitesimal displacements that are equal to zero on the boundary of a body ℬ. This inequality is known to hold when the ${\mathcal {L}}^{2}$

L
2

-norm is replaced by the ${\mathcal {L}}^{p}$

L
p

-norm for any $p\in (1,\infty )$
p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)
. However, if $p=1$
p
=
1
or $p=\infty $
p
=
∞
the resulting inequality is false. It was previously shown that if one replaces the ${\mathcal {L}}^{\infty}$

L
∞

-norm by the $\operatorname{BMO}$
BMO
-seminorm (Bounded Mean Oscillation) then one maintains Korn’s inequality. (Recall that ${\mathcal {L}}^{\infty}({\mathcal {B}})\subset \operatorname{BMO}({\mathcal {B}}) \subset {\mathcal {L}}^{p}({\mathcal {B}})\subset {\mathcal {L}}^{1}({ \mathcal {B}})$

L
∞

(
B
)
⊂
BMO
(
B
)
⊂

L
p

(
B
)
⊂

L
1

(
B
)
, $1< p<\infty $
1
<
p
<
∞
.) In this manuscript it is shown that Korn’s inequality is also maintained if one replaces the ${\mathcal {L}}^{1}$

L
1

-norm by the norm in the Hardy space ${\mathcal {H}}^{1}$

H
1

, the predual of $\operatorname{BMO}$
BMO
. One caveat: the results herein are only applicable to the pure-displacement problem with the displacement equal to zero on the entire boundary of ℬ.
Analysis of the First Treatise on Machine Elements: Codex Madrid I
Authors: Rubio H. , Bustos A. , Castejon C. , Meneses J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article, the manuscript of Codex Madrid I, Leonardo da Vinci's workshop drawings collection, is reviewed and the main mechanisms that appear in the aforesaid codex are analysed. It begins with a short reference to Leonardo da Vinci works and, subsequently, Leonardo's manuscripts and Codex Madrid I, in particular, are placed in their historical context. After analysing the historical scope of Codex Madrid I, a compilation of the 100 main drawings of the manuscript is made, composing nine Mechanisms Drawings Boxes. Each Mechanisms Drawings Box is a collage made up of 10 to 14 drawings of mechanical elements that appear in Codex Madrid I, with a brief description of each drawing. This compilation illustrates the wide range of mechanical elements and simple mechanisms of Codex Madrid I, forming, as a whole, a complete treatise on mechanisms, understanding mechanisms as basic elements of machines.
An analysis of the UK’s Turing Scheme as a response to socio-economic and geo-political challenges
Authors: Brooks Rachel , Waters Johanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFollowing its departure from the European Union in 2020, the UK left the Erasmus + student mobility scheme, replacing it with the ‘Turing Scheme’. The scheme is underpinned by four key objectives that address what the government sees as particular socio-economic and geo-political challenges: to promote ‘Global Britain’, through ‘forging new relationships across the world’; to ‘support social mobility and widen participation across the UK’; to develop ‘key skills’, bridging ‘the gap between education and work’; and to ensure ‘value for UK taxpayers’ in international student mobility. In this paper, we draw on an analysis of the websites of 100 UK higher education institutions to explore the messages given to students about the Turing Scheme. In particular, we focus on geopolitical positioning through ‘Global Britain’, the perceived importance of socio-economic diversification through ‘widening participation’, and the underexplored role played by third parties in the provision and administration of the Turing Scheme (and study abroad more broadly).
The Motivational Power of Ideas in Institutions and Collective Action
Authors: Kestler Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cognitive revolution has left its mark on institutional theory in sociology and political science. Cognitive structures – schemas, typifications, frames and ideas – are recognized as a crucial variable of social behavior, institutional development and collective action. However, while the assertion that “ideas matter” is widely shared, institutional theorists are still struggling with the question ofhowideas matter, especially in motivational terms. The role of ideas not just as switchmen, in Weber’s terms, but as genuine drivers of collective action still lacks theoretical underpinning. This article aims at closing this gap. It elaborates a theoretical model to explain how ideas shift the structure of motivation from the individual to the collective level. Borrowing from motivational psychology and social philosophy, especially from the work of John Searle, two crucial mechanisms are explicated. The first one is imagination, a specific mental state that allows collectivizing the intentional structure of beliefs and affords a sense of self-efficacy in collective contexts. The second one is plural self-awareness, a mechanism that shifts intentions-in-action to the collective level.
A Complete Design-for-Test Scheme for Reconfigurable Scan Networks
Authors: Lylina Natalia , Wang Chih-Hao , Wunderlich Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReconfigurable Scan Networks (RSNs) are widely used for accessing instruments offline during debug, test and validation, as well as for performing system-level-test and online system health monitoring. The correct operation of RSNs is essential, and RSNs have to be thoroughly tested. However, due to their inherently sequential structure and complex control dependencies, large parts of RSNs have limited observability and controllability. As a result, certain faults at the interfaces to the instruments, control primitives and scan segments remain undetected by existing test methods. In the paper at hand, Design-for-test (DfT) schemes are developed to overcome the testability problems e.g. by resynthesizing the initial design. A DfT scheme for RSNs is presented, which allows detecting all single stuck-at-faults in RSNs by using existing test generation techniques. The developed scheme analyzes and ensures the testability of all parts of RSNs, which include scan segments, control primitives, and interfaces to the instruments. Therefore, the developed scheme is referred to as acomplete DfT scheme. It allows for a test integration to cover multiple fault locations can with a single efficient test sequence and to reduce overall test cost.
A Review of Interventions for Drowning Prevention Among Adults
Authors: Leavy Justine E , Gray Corie , Della Bona Malena , D’Orazio Nicola , Crawford Gemma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdult drowning is a complex and multifactorial public health challenge requiring community, national and global efforts to mitigate impacts. This study updates the evidence base for public health interventions that address adult fatal and non-fatal drowning. A systematic review was undertaken of the peer-reviewed literature for English-language primary studies published between 2011 and 2021describing a drowning intervention with adults. Twenty-two studies were included. Most studies (n = 16) were conducted in high-income countries. Yearly trends in drowning prevention intervention publications were analysed with 2015 (n = 6) the peak publishing year. Over half of the study designs were pre-post (n = 15). Intervention duration ranged from 4 hours to 11 years. Ten studies described either behaviour change theory or formative evaluation to inform design. Thirteen studies targeted interventions at a population level, seven at a group level and two at individual level. Studies identified a range of prevention strategies, categorised as behavioural (n = 9) (e.g., swimming lessons), socio-ecological (n = 8) (e.g., mandatory personal flotation devices) and mixed (n = 5) (e.g., awareness campaign and barriers to prevent access to water). A range of outcomes were described including changes in awareness, water safety knowledge, attitudes, water safety behaviours and skills, environmental, policy and regulation changes and drowning rates. Findings indicate a small but important increase in the evaluation and publication of effective interventions to prevent adult drowning. The complexity of the issues surrounding drowning requires multi-strategy and context -specific adult focused prevention interventions. Contemporary evidence that identifies effective interventions that contribute to prevention efforts is an essential first step in addressing the challenge.
A Quantitative Evaluation of Thin Slice Sampling for Parent–Infant Interactions
Authors: Burgess Romana , Costantini Ilaria , Bornstein Marc H. , Campbell Amy , Cordero Vega Miguel A. , Culpin Iryna , Dingsdale Hayley , John Rosalind M. , Kennedy Mari-Rose , Tyson Hannah R. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Nabney Ian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBehavioural coding is time-intensive and laborious. Thin slice sampling provides an alternative approach, aiming to alleviate the coding burden. However, little is understood about whether different behaviours coded over thin slices are comparable to those same behaviours over entire interactions. To provide quantitative evidence for the value of thin slice sampling for a variety of behaviours. We used data from three populations of parent-infant interactions: mother-infant dyads from the Grown in Wales (GiW) cohort (n = 31), mother-infant dyads from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort (n = 14), and father-infant dyads from the ALSPAC cohort (n = 11). Mean infant ages were 13.8, 6.8, and 7.1 months, respectively. Interactions were coded using a comprehensive coding scheme comprised of 11–14 behavioural groups, with each group comprised of 3–13 mutually exclusive behaviours. We calculated frequencies of verbal and non-verbal behaviours, transition matrices (probability of transitioning between behaviours, e.g., from looking at the infant to looking at a distraction) and stationary distributions (long-term proportion of time spent within behavioural states) for 15 thin slices of full, 5-min interactions. Measures drawn from the full sessions were compared to those from 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-min slices. We identified many instances where thin slice sampling (i.e., < 5 min) was an appropriate coding method, although we observed significant variation across different behaviours. We thereby used this information to provide detailed guidance to researchers regarding how long to code for each behaviour depending on their objectives.
Liability for Emissions without Laws or Political Institutions
Authors: Duus-Otterström Göran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany climate ethicists maintain that climate policy costs should be borne by those who historically emitted the most greenhouse gases. Some theorists have recently argued, however, that actors only became liable for emitting once the emissions breached legitimate legal regulation governing emissions. This paper challenges this view. Focusing on the climate responsibility of states, it argues that even if we assume that legitimate legal regulation is needed to remove excusable ignorance of entitlements to emit or is constitutive of such entitlements, it does not follow that states should be exonerated from responsibility for all pre-legal emitting. This is because the pre-legal emissions may have violated moral duties not to behave recklessly and to promote the emergence of the relevant regulation. The paper closes by noting how grounding liability for emitting in such duties complicates the link between past emissions and liability.
Unitarily inequivalent local and global Fourier transforms in multipartite quantum systems
Authors: Lei C. , Vourdas A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA multipartite system comprised of n subsystems, each of which is described with ‘local variables’ in $${{\mathbb {Z}}}(d)$$

Z
(
d
)

and with a d-dimensional Hilbert space H(d), is considered. Local Fourier transforms in each subsystem are defined and related phase space methods are discussed (displacement operators, Wigner and Weyl functions, etc). A holistic view of the same system might be more appropriate in the case of strong interactions, which uses ‘global variables’ in $${{\mathbb {Z}}}(d^n)$$

Z
(

d
n

)

and a $$d^n$$

d
n

-dimensional Hilbert space $$H(d^n)$$

H
(

d
n

)

. A global Fourier transform is then defined and related phase space methods are discussed. The local formalism is compared and contrasted with the global formalism. Depending on the values of d, n the local Fourier transform is unitarily inequivalent or unitarily equivalent to the global Fourier transform. Time evolution of the system in terms of both local and global variables, is discussed. The formalism can be useful in the general area of Fast Fourier transforms.
UVaFTLE: Lagrangian finite time Lyapunov exponent extraction for fluid dynamic applications
Authors: Carratalá-Sáez Rocío , Torres Yuri , Sierra-Pallares José , López-Huguet Sergio , Llanos Diego R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe determination of Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) is becoming very important in several disciplines, including cardiovascular engineering, aerodynamics, and geophysical fluid dynamics. From the computational point of view, the extraction of LCS consists of two main steps: The flowmap computation and the resolution of Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE). In this work, we focus on the design, implementation, and parallelization of the FTLE resolution. We offer an in-depth analysis of this procedure, as well as an open source C implementation (UVaFTLE) parallelized using OpenMP directives to attain a fair parallel efficiency in shared-memory environments. We have also implemented CUDA kernels that allow UVaFTLE to leverage as many NVIDIA GPU devices as desired in order to reach the best parallel efficiency. For the sake of reproducibility and in order to contribute to open science, our code is publicly available through GitHub. Moreover, we also provide Docker containers to ease its usage.
Professional or student identity and commitment? Comparing the experiences of nursing students with literature on student success
Authors: Thomas Liz , Hovdhaugen Elisabeth , Sweetman Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImproving the rates of continuation and completion of nursing students is a priority to ensure there are sufficient qualified staff to deliver national healthcare services. In the literature, which is predominantly informed by research undertaken in traditional HE institutions with students studying conventional academic programmes, the development of a student identity and course commitment are identified as key components of persistence and success. This linear model assumes that student identity formation takes place during the transition into HE - and professional identities develop as graduates progress into the workplace. Qualitative research in the UK and Norway with nursing and midwifery students found that a strong desire to become a healthcare professional is often the starting point for enrolling in HE, rather than the culmination of the course. A strong future-facing professional identity and commitment sustain many students through the process of accessing and ‘enduring’ their nursing degree programmes that qualify them for practice. But these programmes do little to nurture professional commitment and identity, which could be harnessed to help these students to successfully complete their nursing studies. Recognising the differences between these professionally-oriented, future-facing students, and those studying traditional degree programmes, should inform approaches to improve the continuation and success of nurses. Their learning experience needs to be affirming and nurturing of this emerging professional identity to allow students to overcome academic and professional challenges they experience as they strive to become nurses, and allow them to fully embrace their professional identity.﻿
Preventive herd management practices and their effect on lamb mortality in Ethiopia
Authors: Genfors E. , Magnusson U. , Moliso M. M. , Wieland B. , König U. , Hallenberg G. S. , Båge R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
According to previous studies, lamb mortality is high in the Ethiopian highlands. The present study aims to evaluate the execution of preventive sheep herd health management practices with respect to if, and how, such practices are linked to occurrence of lamb mortality. Interviews were performed with 74 sheep-owning households participating in a capacity development program on livestock and 69 households not participating in such program. To evaluate the impact of combinations of performed practices, a scoring system was developed—the households retrieved a higher score the more desired routines were accomplished. To identify which practices had the highest impact on lamb mortality, a similar score was calculated for each phase of the sheep reproductive year, creating sub-scores for each phase. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation between the total number of performed practices and occurrence of lamb mortality, indicating a lower occurrence of lamb mortality the more desired practices implemented. Further analysis of sub-scores showed significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between a higher number of performed desired practices during gestation period and during lambing. Conclusively, the study indicates that preventive herd management routines are beneficial for lamb survival, foremost when enforced during the gestation period and around lambing—hence, this is where to focus future interventions.
Fungi associated with woody tissues of Acer pseudoplatanus in forest stands with different health status concerning sooty bark disease (Cryptostroma corticale)
Authors: Schlößer Rebekka , Bien Steffen , Langer Gitta Jutta , Langer Ewald Johannes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFrom 2018 to 2020, Germany experienced periods of exceptional weather conditions. Extremely high summer temperatures and precipitation deficits induced stress and mortality in forest trees. Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore) was one of the affected tree species. Symptoms of sooty bark disease (SBD) and severe damage of entire stands, both caused by the fungal species Cryptostroma corticale, were reported more frequently. To explore the non-symptomatic distribution of C. corticale, wood cores from visibly healthy sycamore stems were sampled and all outgrowing fungi were identified and recorded. In total, 50 trees, aged 30–65 years, were sampled at five different forest stands, from which 91 endophytic filamentous morphotypes could be isolated. The fungal endophytic community in the woody tissue of the sycamore trees varied greatly at the different sites and between the trees. The number of isolated morphotypes at the different sites ranged from 13 to 44 and no morphotype was found at all sites. At 1.20-m stem height, 3.3 fungi could be isolated from woody tissue per tree on average. The most abundant species isolated from visibly healthy sycamore in regard to both occurrence at the studied sites and continuity was C. corticale. It was recorded at four of the studied forest stands, from 26% of all studied sycamore trees, and had a frequency of 7.85% relative to the 293 isolated filamentous strains that were isolated. The second most abundant species was Xylaria longipes followed by Lopadostoma turgidum. In this study clear evidence for the endophytic lifestyle of C. corticale is presented which thus appears to be spread further than expected based on visible SBD symptoms.