bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strongly-coupled anisotropic gauge theories and holography in 5D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Sajadi S. N. , Safari H. R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study uncharged, non-conformal and anisotropic systems with strong interactions using the gauge-gravity duality by considering Einstein-Quadratic-Axion-Dilaton action in five dimension. In fact we would like to gain insight into the influence of higher derivative gravity on the QCD system. At finite temperature, we obtain an anisotropic black brane solution to a 5D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet-Axion-Dilaton system. The system has been investigated and the effect of the parameter of theory has been considered. The blackening function supports the thermodynamical phase transition between small/large and AdS/large black brane for suitable parameters. We also study transport and diffusion properties, and observe in particular that the butterfly velocity that characterizes both diffusion and growth of chaos transverse to the anisotropic direction saturates a constant value in the IR which can exceed the bound given by the conformal value. We also determine the imaginary part of the heavy quark potential in a strongly coupled plasma dual to Gauss–Bonnet gravity.
Effectiveness of motor imagery on sports performance in football players: A randomised control trial
Authors: Prasomsri Jaruwan , Thueman Bunthita , Yuenyong Pichamon , Thongnoon Chayanon , Khophongphaibun Naruepa , Ariyawatcharin Suppakorn 
Published: August 2023

Background: Nowadays, the development of training programs for speed, agility and reaction time responses in football players is increasing widely. Motor imagery is a new method that uses collateral with physical training. However, there is still a scarcity of evidence concerning the addition of motor imagery protocol to routine training programs. Objective: The main objective was to compare speed, agility and reaction time after motor imagery training in university athletes and amateur athletes who received and did not receive motor imagery training for 2 weeks. Methods: Participants were divided into 4 subgroups as follows: university athlete group with motor imagery training and control group, amateur athlete group with motor imagery training and control group. This study collected the training effects of speed, agility and reaction time. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test were selected to analyse the differences within and between groups, respectively. Results: The result presented positive changes in all variables after training sessions for 2 weeks in all groups. Speed at 20[Formula: see text]m, agility, and reaction time were found to be significantly different after motor imagery training in both university athletes and amateur athletes. Conclusion: This finding demonstrated that the addition of the motor imagery training along with routine physical training promotes physical performance in athletes at all experience levels. In further studies, the retention effect after practice should be considered.
STX-478, a Mutant-Selective, Allosteric PI3Kα Inhibitor Spares Metabolic Dysfunction and Improves Therapeutic Response in PI3Kα-Mutant Xenografts
Authors: Buckbinder Leonard , St. Jean David J. , Tieu Trang , Ladd Brendon , Hilbert Brendan , Wang Weixue , Alltucker Jacob T. , Manimala Samantha , Kryukov Gregory V. , Brooijmans Natasja , Dowdell Gregory , Jonsson Philip , Huff Michael , Guzman-Perez Angel , Jackson Erica L. , Goncalves Marcus D. , Stuart Darrin D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PIK3CA) is one of the most mutated genes across cancers, especially breast, gynecologic, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumors. Mutations occur throughout the gene, but hotspot mutations in the helical and kinase domains predominate. The therapeutic benefit of isoform-selective PI3Kα inhibition was established with alpelisib, which displays equipotent activity against the wild-type and mutant enzyme. Inhibition of wild-type PI3Kα is associated with severe hyperglycemia and rash, which limits alpelisib use and suggests that selectively targeting mutant PI3Kα could reduce toxicity and improve efficacy. Here we describe STX-478, an allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor that selectively targets prevalent PI3Kα helical- and kinase-domain mutant tumors. STX-478 demonstrated robust efficacy in human tumor xenografts without causing the metabolic dysfunction observed with alpelisib. Combining STX-478 with fulvestrant and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors was well tolerated and provided robust and durable tumor regression in ER+HER2− xenograft tumor models.

Significance:
These preclinical data demonstrate that the mutant-selective, allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor STX-478 provides robust efficacy while avoiding the metabolic dysfunction associated with the nonselective inhibitor alpelisib. Our results support the ongoing clinical evaluation of STX-478 in PI3Kα-mutated cancers, which is expected to expand the therapeutic window and mitigate counterregulatory insulin release.
See related commentary by Kearney and Vasan, p. 2313.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2293
The International Court of Justice and Territorial Disputes: an Updated Systematization
Authors: Hongler David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Over the course of the past 75 years, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has adjudicated a total of 17 territorial disputes, building a considerable body of case law along the way. While the Court has shed light on many legal issues concerning territorial sovereignty over the years, it has never clarified its approach to territorial disputes. Bridging the gap between a 2004 analysis by Brian Sumner, who identified a three-tiered hierarchical decision rule, and modern territorial doctrine, this study aims to provide an updated attempt at systematization of the Court’s approach in its case law concerning territorial disputes. Refining Sumner’s hierarchical decision rule, the findings – while overall congruent with the basic hierarchy identified in his work – suggest that the Court’s approach revolves around a hierarchy of three tiers of territorial titles (understood broadly as sources of the right to territory), namely, legal instruments, State succession and intangibility of boundaries, and independent effectivités. Equity infra legem is used as a last resort tool for interpretation of these titles, where they themselves yield no clear result. Another source of the right to territory, unilateral conduct constituting acquiescence and/or estoppel, is relied on outside of this hierarchy, often to support a decision based on another title. A review of the entirety of the Court’s case law reveals a relatively consistent yet multi-layered approach to territorial disputes.
The ILC’s First Reading Draft Articles on ‘Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction’ (2022)
Authors: Wood Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In August 2022, the International Law Commission adopted, on first reading, a full set of 18 draft articles (with commentaries) on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction. The Commission now awaits the written comments of States, and will then have to decide how to proceed with the topic. In detailing the present situation and the work leading up to it, the present article takes the story forward from a contribution to this Yearbook in 2018. After recalling briefly the controversies surrounding the immunities in question, the article begins by describing the working methods of the Commission and the status of its documentation, emphasizing the importance of having a clear understanding of such matters when invoking the Commission’s work. The further work of the Commission on the topic in the years 2019–2022, much of it quite technical, is described, in order to give a full picture. It is then shown that the draft articles on the category of high officials enjoying immunity ratione personae and on possible exceptions to the immunity of State officials ratione materiae remain hotly disputed, both as assertions of existing law or as ‘trends’ or proposals for new law. The article ends by charting a possible course for the Commission’s future work on the topic, suggesting that a radical reappraisal is required if an outcome generally acceptable to States is to be achieved.
Projection on Antarctic Temperature Extremes from the CMIP6 Multimodel Ensemble under Different Scenarios
Authors: Zhu Jiangping , Xie Aihong , Qin Xiang , Wang Shimeng , Xu Bing , Wang YiCheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Global warming has been accelerating the frequency and intensity of climate extremes, and has had an immense influence on the economy and society, but attention is seldom paid to future Antarctic temperature extremes. This study investigates five surface extreme temperature indices derived from the multimodel ensemble mean (MMEM) based on 14 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) of SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. In Antarctica, the variations in extreme temperature indices exhibit regional and seasonal differences. The diurnal temperature range (DTR) usually illustrates a downward trend, particularly for the Antarctic Peninsula and Antarctic coast, and the strongest change occurs in austral summer. In all cases, the annual highest minimum/maximum temperature (TNx/TXx) increases faster in inland Antarctica. Antarctic amplification of extreme temperature indices is detected and is strongest at the lowest maximum temperature (TXn). At the Antarctic Peninsula, TXx amplification only appears in winter. Great DTR amplification appears along the Antarctic coast and is strongest in summer and weakest in winter. The changes in extreme temperature indices indicate the accelerated Antarctic warming in future scenarios.
Women’s Representation and Corruption: Evidence From Local Audits in Mexico
Authors: Guajardo Gustavo , Schwindt-Bayer Leslie A. 
Published: August 2023

Whether corruption leads to the election of women and whether increased women’s representation leads to lower levels of corruption are two questions with answers that remain uncertain and context-dependent. We explore the case of Mexico and theorize that three factors—gender stereotypes, demands for the inclusion of women, and expectations of accountability—condition the relationship between women’s representation and corruption. We hypothesize that given the features of the Mexican system, revelations of corruption should lead to the election of women and women should not be less corrupt than men in office. Leveraging an original dataset of close to 20 years of municipal audits to mayors, we find supporting evidence. The occurrence of audits and recent revelations of corruption increase the likelihood of women being elected and municipalities led by women report no fewer irregularities as compared to those led by men.
Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of glycyrrhetinic acid-mediated nano-drug delivery system co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol
Authors: Guan QingXia , Li Ying , Sun Jialin , Zhang Weibing , Zhang Xue , Liu Yumeng , Zhou XiaoYing , Li XiuYan 
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to create a glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-mediated, multi-component, self-assembled nano-drug delivery system co-loaded with syringopicroside (S) and hydroxytyrosol (H) obtained from Syringa Linn by synthesizing a GA-polyethylene glycol-poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (GPP) nanoparticle delivery carrier to actively target the liver. The nanoparticles were optimized using the central composite design. Nanoparticle characterization, cytotoxicity, pharmacodynamics, and tissue distribution study were performed. The optimized SH-GPP nanoparticle was a white solid powder, which was safe and non-toxic. The particle size and Zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 101.5 ± 3.18 nm and −23.3 ± 0.82 mV, respectively. The polydispersity index value (PDI) was 0.190 ± 0.005; the particle size distribution was comparatively uniform. The average total encapsulation efficiency of the optimized SH-GPP nanoparticle was 50.26% ± 1.29%, and drug loading was 15.47% ± 0.39%. After S and H were arranged into nanoparticles, the proliferation inhibition of HepG2.2.15 cells was improved, and the aim of drug-loaded synergism between GPP and SH was achieved. The GA-mediated nanoparticles were better targeted, were retained longer in vivo, and had higher concentrations in the liver than the unmodified nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have the potential to be a new effective anti-hepatitis B treatment and have great research potential in clinical treatment.
Triple-layered scaffold containing cisplatin and curcumin applied for cancerous bone regeneration
Authors: Thepsri Nicha , Kaewsrichan Jasadee 
Published: August 2023

Novel drug delivery system was prepared and evaluated as for application in cancerous bone treatment. It had three stacked layers, including a drug-free layer, a cisplatin-loaded layer, and a curcumin-containing layer. Our previously characterized biomaterials, namely Zr-hydroxyapatite (Zr-HA) and alkaline-treated polycaprolactone (modified-PCL), were used as major components of the drug carrier. Polar-polar interactions between cisplatin and Zr-HA were modulated by the modified-PCL included, leading to increase of cisplatin release. Using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to entrap curcumin caused improvement of curcumin solubility and release. The 3D-construct was porous with internal interconnected pores according to SEM micrographs. Large amount of apatite was formed and proteins adsorbed on the scaffolds after immersed in physiologic buffer solution and in medium containing fetal bovine serum, respectively. Optimal concentrations of ascorbic acid and triamcinolone were used for induction of bone marrow stromal cells to become osteoblasts by expressing an enzyme marker, e.g., alkaline phosphatase. The prepared scaffolds were considered osteo-conductive and osteo-inductive. The concentrations of cisplatin and curcumin reached the IC50 of SK-ES-1 cells of osteosarcoma and MCF-7 cells of breast adenocarcinoma after 24 h and 3 days of release, respectively. These cancer cells were more sensitive to the combined cisplatin and curcumin than each of the drugs. Regeneration of new bone and execution of residential cancer cells in defected bone were proposed after replacing the lost bone by this established drug carrier. The assumption needs to be verified in the future using animal models.
Ethical challenges as perceived by nurses in pediatric oncology units
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Naderi Zeinab , Nikrouz Leila , Oshvandi Khodayar , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Sabetsarvestani Parisa , Bijani Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

Background Providing care to children with cancer is one of the most challenging areas of ethical care for nurses. Few studies have addressed nurses’ perception of the barriers to giving ethical care in oncology departments. Thus, it is essential that the ethical challenges in caregiving as perceived by oncology nurses be investigated. Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the ethical challenges as perceived by nurses in pediatric oncology units in the south of Iran. Research design The present study is a qualitative work of research with a conventional content analysis design. Data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Participants and research context The participants were 21 nurses from pediatric oncology units in state hospitals who were selected by purposeful sampling. Sampling continued until the data were saturated. The study lasted from April to October 2022. Findings Three main themes, promoting psychological safety in the children, respect for the dignity of the children, and expansion of support for families, and nine subthemes were extracted from the data. Ethical considerations The study’s protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Medical Sciences and ethical principles were followed throughout the study. Discussion and conclusion From the nurses’ perspective, the major ethical challenges in providing ethical care in pediatric oncology units were reducing tension toward promoting the patients’ psychological safety, showing respect for the identity and dignity of the children with cancer, and expanding support of the patients’ families. By creating the right cultural and professional context and establishing proper protocols, healthcare policymakers and administrators can take effective steps toward eliminating the barriers to providing ethical care.
Evaluation of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) training on arteriovenous access assessment and cannula placement for haemodialysis
Authors: Hill Kathleen , Jaensch Ashleigh , Childs Jessie , McDonald Stephen 
Published: August 2023

Background: Haemodialysis requires a permanent vascular access and relies on cannulation with two large bore needles. Point Of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a tool that may assist nursing staff with visualising cannula placement and prevent miscannulation. This can be particularly useful in regional hospitals with limited access to vascular access specialists. Aims: To examine the impact of POCUS provision and education for nursing staff on confidence in cannulation and to understand the patient experience at three regional hospital haemodialysis units in South Australia. Methods: A POCUS machine and dedicated nursing education were provided at each of the three sites. A pre-test post-test model was used to assess the individual nurses perceived competency before and after the delivery of a series of online ultrasound education modules and face to face training. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected to understand the use of POCUS from the client perspective. Results: There was a shift towards ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ for all nursing surveys in regard to perceived competency ( n = 15). This was statistically significant ( p ⩽ 0.05) for all questions other than question 1 ‘I am confident in my ability to physically assess vascular access’ ( p = 0.06). The patients that completed the PROMs ( n = 17) overall supported the ease and use of POCUS for haemodialysis cannulation and felt that it contributed to the nursing staff competency in cannulation. Conclusion: POCUS has the potential to be a valuable tool in regional haemodialysis units to support vascular access cannulation and potentially avoid metropolitan transfer due to cannulation difficulties. The non-significant change post intervention for question 1 likely reflects the haemodialysis nurses inherent pre-existing capacity to assess vascular access without the use of POCUS using the standard process of visual inspection, the use of a stethoscope and palpation (‘look, listen and feel’).
Anatomical considerations regarding a high-flow arteriovenous fistula below the conus medullaris in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Case report
Authors: Schmolling Ángela H , Bodani Vivek , Jaroenngarmsamer Tanaporn , Andrade-Barazarte Hugo , Radovanovic Ivan , Krings Timo 
Published: August 2023

Background and Importance Cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistulas are rare “low flow” shunting lesions characterized by direct communication between the radicular artery and vein of a cauda equina nerve root. None have been associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and a high-flow cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistula has never been reported. We present a unique case of a high-flow cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistula in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Marked flow-induced vascular remodeling posed significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges which will be highlighted in this report. Clinical Presentation A 39-year-old female with genetically confirmed hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presented with progressive thoracic myelopathy secondary to a high-flow single-hole arteriovenous fistula below the conus. The feeding artery, arising from the anterior spinal artery, and draining vein had a paramedian course, favoring the diagnosis of a cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistula (supplied by a proximal radicular artery) over a filum terminale arteriovenous fistula. Transarterial embolization was attempted but significant elongation and tortuosity of the anterior spinal artery precluded microcatheter access to the fistulous point. Surgical disconnection was successfully performed. The intraoperative findings supported the diagnosis of cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistula. Delayed neurologic deterioration secondary to overshooting venous thrombosis was observed. She recovered after the initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, we hereby report the first high-flow cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistula. The accurate differentiation of cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistula from filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas, while challenging, is important to avoid treatment-related complications. Careful preoperative planning, the use of specialized endovascular and surgical techniques, and meticulous postoperative care can ensure the safe and complete disconnection of high-flow cauda equina radicular arteriovenous fistulas.
Intravenous ustekinumab maintenance treatment in patients with loss of response to subcutaneous dosing
Authors: Argüelles-Arias Federico , Valdés Delgado Teresa , Maldonado Pérez Belén , González Antuña Jaime , Castro Laria Luisa 
Published: August 2023

Background: Ustekinumab (UST) is indicated for the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Despite having shown clinical effectiveness in the real world, some patients may lose response over time or need a higher dose to achieve it. In this context, UST intravenous (IV) maintenance has been proposed. Objectives: The primary endpoint of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance IV UST treatment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients who present with partial response or loss of response to subcutaneous (SC) UST. Design: We performed a monocentric observational retrospective study including patients with active IBD on maintenance treatment with IV UST. Methods: The clinical response and remission was analyzed at week 12, defined as either Harvey–Bradshaw Index ⩽ 4 for CD or partial Mayo Score ⩽ 2 for UC. The reduction of objective markers of disease activity, fecal calprotectin, and C-reactive protein was evaluated. Moreover, UST trough levels were measured pre- and post-UST IV maintenance and any adverse events were assessed. Results: We included 23 patients. Clinical remission at week 12 was achieved by 43.5% of the patients. The proportion of patients in clinical response after 12 weeks on UST IV maintenance was 82.6%. After a median follow-up of 9.3 months all patients remained on IV UST maintenance. No adverse events were recorded in any patient for the duration of the study. Conclusions: IV UST maintenance treatment was able to recapture response in most of the patients who had lost response to SC maintenance.