bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of oil from velvet seed to produce biodiesel for the Synthesis of Surfactant Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES)
Authors: Ogundipe Samson , Odetoye T.E , Agbede O.O , Adesina O.A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This research encompasses the extraction of oil from velvet seed to produce biodiesel for the synthesis of surfactant Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES). In the local government of koro-Ekiti in Kwara State in mr siji abayomi’s farm the velvet seed were harvested, which was then cleaned, dried, and ground. Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract oil from velvet seed at an optimum conduction of concentration of mass to solvent ratio, temperature and time. The was oil refined and trans-esterification using a mole ratio of 1:10 for the oil and methanol, the best optimum oil yield was employed to manufacture biodiesel. MES surfactant was then created using sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) as the sulfonating agent. The results from the design expert's analysis for the optimization of the extraction process of velvet seed oil indicate that from the ANOVA the F-value and P values are significant for the parametric condition because the values of R2 and R2 adj are 0.9774 and 0.9571, respectively, which are very close to 1.The findings of the analysis of velvet oil, biodiesel, and diesel from fuel stations were studied and characterized using the physio-chemical characteristics, GCMS, FTIR, and surface tensiometer of velvet seed. As demonstrated by the FTIR and surface tensiometer results, the ideal MES sample can easily produce an oil/water emulsion due to its low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.080g/L and surface tension of 36.78, 32.10, and 34.16 mN/m at varying pH levels of 5, 7, and 8. The presence of Methylene bending vibration make it good reagent for the production of surfactant at a peak value of 79.54% as examined by the FTIR.The H-CH rocking (bending) vibration of the methylene group strengthens C-O stretching vibration of ester groups at 64.32% of lower wavelength.
Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular tests base on CRISPR for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Su Bin , Yang Lan , Kou Zhihua , Wu Hao , Zhang Tong , Liu Lifeng , Han Yao , Niu Mengwei , Sun Yansong , Li Hao , Jiang Taiyi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) is the leading cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS remains a global public health concern but can be effectively suppressed by life-long administration of combination antiretroviral therapy. Early detection and diagnosis are two key strategies for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Rapid and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) provides critical tools for managing HIV-1 epidemic in high-risk areas and populations.
Methods In this study, a POCT for HIV-1 RNA was developed by CRISPR/Cas13a lateral flow strip combined with reverse transcriptase recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) technology, the results can be directly observed by naked eyes.
Results Moreover, with the degenerate base-binding CRISPR/Cas13a system was introduced into the RT-RAA primer designing, the technology developed in this study can be used to test majority of HIV-1 circulating strains with sensitivity of 1 copy/μL, while no obvious cross-reaction with other pathogens. We evaluated the sensitivity of this method for detecting HIV -1 RNA of clinical samples, the results showed that the sensitivity was 91.81% (101/110) and the specificity was 100% (48/48), the agreement rate between groups was 94.3%, the limit of detection (LOD) was 112 copies/mL.
Conclusion Above all, this method provides a point-of-care detection of HIV-1 RNA, which is stable, simple and with good sensitivity and specificity. This method has potential to be developed for promoting early diagnosis and treatment effect monitoring of HIV patients in clinical.
Ca++ particle films on sweet potato plants: Repression of the cdc2a gene and alterations in leaf anatomy under photo-protection
Authors: Ferreira Jacqueline Alves Borges , Oliveira Alexandre Passos , Júnior Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira , Milanez Camilla Rozindo Dias , Carnelossi Marcelo Augusto Gutierrez , Silva-Mann Renata 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Water restriction combined with strong sunlight can affect the growth and development of crops. Activation of potential stress-associated genes and specific changes in leaf structure can be critical adaptive responses in controlling unfavorable climatic conditions. This work evaluated the expression of the cdc2a gene and leaf anatomical alterations in sweet potato plants photo-protected with Calcium particle film with and without water restriction. Assessments were performed at 12:00, focusing on gas exchange, temperature (air-leaf), Falker index, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gene expression (cdc2a), and leaf anatomy. The protection of plants regarding gas exchange contributed to the potential increase in photosynthetic rate (A) and a more significant difference between air and leaf temperatures (Dif ºC), as positive responses in the adaptive adjustment. There was a reduction in the fluorescence of chlorophyll a, related to the maximum cross-section ABS/CSm, TR0/CSm, RE0/CSm, ET0/CSm, DI0/CSm, and a significant increase in the effective quantum yield (ɸPSII), transport rate (ETR), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching (qP). There was the repression of the cdc2a gene, allied to the physiological responses associated with light-intensity stress. Anatomical changes related to climate adaptation occurred for the treatments; and photoprotection with CaO minimized the deleterious effects during the development of sweet potato plants, mainly in the developmental stage of roots.
Progress or Compromise—Technological Investigation of the Transition Zone of Metal Chaplets in Ancient Chinese Bronzes
Authors: Yang Huan , Fang Zhao , Deng Yingjie , Du Jingnan , Li Cheng , Yang Junchang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Metal chaplets were frequently used in ancient Chinese bronzes. The use of chaplets has been regarded as technological progress for a long time; nonetheless, the current research shows a transition zone of oxidation between chaplets and metal body formed during the solidification of bronzes which negatively impacts these bronzes. To date, the transition zone has attracted very little research attention. The scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis on elemental composition and metallographic investigation of the transition zone were carried out in a reconstructed bronze tripod. It was found that the transition zone mainly consisted of copper oxides, which is further demonstrated as cuprous oxide by X-ray diffraction (XRD)It appears to be formed during the solidification process due to the high-temperature and low-oxygen environment. The existence of the transition zone possibly led to preferential corrosion during usage, and thus caused the shedding of chaplets and damage the integrity of bronzes. The existence of this inevitable transition zone indicates the occurrence of inherent defects in the metal chaplet technology. Although this technology can improve the casting success rate and is a progress in social production, it can also affect the integrity of bronze and is a compromise of the bronze casting technology itself.
Effect of Alaska pollock-gelatin sealant sheet on bonding strength and regeneration of the nerve in cadaveric and rat models
Authors: Tsujisaka Ryosuke , Suzuki Taku , Shibata Shinsuke , Moritoki Nobuko , Ichimaru Hiroaki , Nishiguchi Akihiro , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Taguchi Tetsushi , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A novel sheet-type sealant composed of Alaska pollock-derived gelatin (ApGltn) was introduced. This study aimed to investigate the bonding strength and the biocompatibility of ApGltn sheet. Human digital nerves from fresh cadavers were repaired using six surgical interventions (20 nerves per group): (a) double suture, (b) single suture + ApGltn sheet, (c) single suture + fibrin sealant, (d) single suture, (e) ApGltn sheet, and (f) fibrin sealant, and maximum failure loads were measured. For functional evaluations, the rat sciatic nerves were exposed to six surgical interventions: (a) double suture, (b) single suture + ApGltn sheet, (c) single suture, (d) ApGltn sheet, (e) fibrin sealant, and (f) resection (10 rats per group). Macroscopic confirmation, muscle weight measurement, and histopathological findings were examined 8 weeks postoperatively. The maximum failure load of ApGltn sheet was significantly higher than that of a fibrin sealant (0.39 N vs. 0.05 N). The maximum failure load of single suture + ApGltn sheet was significantly higher than that of a single suture (1.32 N vs. 0.97 N). Functional and histological examinations showed similar recovery between ApGltn sheet-repaired sciatic nerves and those repaired with sutures or fibrin. ApGltn sheet addition to a single suture reinforces the nerve bonding strength.
Network Traffic Technology Monitoring and Simulation in English Online Class based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Shukui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The service behavior of the Internet uses the technology of network traffic to monitor and analyze the traffic. Most of the protective measures we know use dynamic analysis to achieve the flexibility of the network environment, this form of traffic may be easy Be monitored and blocked. In order to make the traffic resistant to certain attacks, the article presents a new form of traffic stealth technology that uses the server to hide the dynamic traffic as the target traffic, and hides the network traffic to achieve the function of resisting risks. The traffic is transformed into an unchangeable target traffic, thereby ensuring the privacy and security of the traffic. In this mode, the university English classroom phenomenon under the network environment is the research object, and the framework of English education is established by the method of argumentation. The results show that this technical form has a good form of expression in many performances, and can turn dynamic information into a target form to hide the state. This result has a great reference value for the improvement of English teaching quality in the contemporary network environment, and promotes the learning of students and the ideas of teachers.
Disruption of the posterior ligamentous complex at the rostral segment of lumbar fusion leads to higher revision rates in short term. A single center, retrospective study.
Authors: Godolias Periklis , Costa Matias , Plümer Jonathan , Cibura Charlotte , Gerstmeyer Julius , Heep Hansjörg , Dudda Marcel , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Oskouian Rod J. , Chapman Jens R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
The development of symptomatic adjacent segment disease (sASD) following posterior lumbar decompression and fusion (PLDF) contributes to patients' post-operative morbidity in the form of recurrent back pain and radiculopathy and often requires further surgery[1]. One hypothesized risk factor for ASD is the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) integrity between the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and the first unfused segment (UIV+1)[2]. The purpose of this study is to determine and quantify the radiographic and clinical role of preserving the PLC between the UIV and the UIV+1 in preventing sASD.
Methods:
A retrospective review of 122 patients who received a PLDF was performed. Patients were divided into groups based on the integrity of the PLC between the UIV and the UIV+1: PLC disrupted (D) and PLC intact (I). Development of ASD was assessed by standard radiographic parameters and a review of reoperation rates for ASD.
Results:
The revision rate due to sASD of the entire cohort was 7.4%. Revision rate of group-D (28 patients) exceeded the revision rate of group-I (94 patients) by 4.3% (10.7 vs. 6.4%), over a mean follow-up of three years. The mean return to the OR -time due to sASD at the UIV+1 was 2.4 years (± 1.7 y.) after index surgery. All applied radiographic indicators for ASD suggested higher incidences in patients of group-D, without statistical significance.
Conclusions:
When the pathology allows, care should be taken to preserve the PLC during lumbar decompression and fusion surgery at the rostral aspect of the construct.
Trial registration: The study was approved by our institutional review board (STUDY2021000355).
High N availability decreases N uptake and yield under limited water availability in maize
Authors: Flynn Nora E. , Comas Louise H. , Stewart Catherine E. , Fonte Steven J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Water and nitrogen (N) are the most limiting factors to plant productivity globally, but we lack a critical understanding of how water availability impacts plant N requirements and ecosystem losses. Plant N requirements are particularly uncertain when water is limited because of the interactive effect of water and N on plant growth, plant N demand, and plant N uptake. We investigated impacts of N application and water availability on plant and N metrics, including above and belowground growth, water productivity, N productivity, N uptake, N recovery, and greenhouse gas emissions within a semi-arid system in northeastern Colorado, USA. High soil N availability depressed grain yield and shoot growth under limited water availability, with similar trends also under full water availability, despite no indication of physical toxicity. Under low N availability, plant N concentrations in aboveground tissues showed greater recovery of N than what was applied in the low N treatments under both full and limited water availability. This enhanced recovery underscores the need to better understand both plant soil foraging and processes governing resource availability under these conditions. Finally, limited water availability reduced N uptake across all N treatments and left 30% more soil N-NO3- deep in the soil profile at the end of the season than under full water availability. Our results show that plant N use is not linearly related to water use and emphasize the need for an integrated understanding of water and N interactions, plant foraging for these resources, and the dynamics of processes that make N available to plants.
Theobromine versus Casein phospho-peptide/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate with Fluoride as remineralizing agents: Effect on resin-dentine bond strength, microhardness, and morphology of dentine
Authors: Elmalawany Lamia M. , Sherief Dalia I. , Alian Ghada A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of theobromine and casein phospho-peptides/amorphous calcium phosphate with Fluoride (CPP/ACPF) on the resin-dentine bond strength, microhardness, and dentine morphology.
Methods: Based on the pre-treatment used, 18 sound human third molars were split into six groups.; sound dentine, demineralized dentine, and demineralized dentine treated with theobromine and MI paste plus for two-time intervals; 5 minutes and 1 month. The bonded teeth were sectioned to produce 1 mm2 resin-dentine sticks which were evaluated for micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) using a universal testing device. The dentine microhardness was tested by using the Vickers microhardness tester. The pre-treated dentine surface was examined using Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). µTBS results were analysed with two-way ANOVA. Microhardness and EDX results were analysed with two-way mixed model ANOVA.
Results: While both remineralizing materials at the two-time intervals demonstrated µTBS comparable to sound dentine, the demineralized group demonstrated statistically the lowest µTBS. Whether used for 5 minutes or 1 month, theobromine significantly increased the microhardness, whereas MI paste only increased the hardness after 1 month.
Conclusions: The pre-treatment of demineralized dentine with theobromine and MI paste plus could enhance its bond strength and microhardness.
A novel natural killer-related signature to effectively predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xi Deyang , Wang Jialu , Yang Yinshuang , Ji Fang , Li Chunyang , Yan Xuebing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent tumor that poses a significant threat to human health, with 80% of cases being primary HCC. At present, Early diagnosis of HCC is challenging and the it is characterized by a high degree of invasiveness, both of which negatively impact patient prognosis. Natural killer cells (NK) play an important role in the development, diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors. The potential of NK cell-related genes for evaluating the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma remains unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the association between NK cell-related genes and the prognosis of HCC patients, with the goal of developing a reliable model that can provide novel insights into evaluating the immunotherapy response and prognosis of these patients. This work has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the complex interplay between immune cells and tumors, and may ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes for HCC patients.
Methods
For this study, we employed transcriptome expression data from the hepatocellular carcinoma cancer genome map (TCGA-LIHC) to develop a model consisting of NK cell-related genes. To construct the NK cell-related signature (NKRLSig), we utilized a combination of univariate COX regression, Area Under Curve (AUC)Lasso COX regression, and multivariate COX regression. To validate the model, we conducted external validation using the GSE14520 cohort.
Results
We developed a prognostic model based on 5-NKRLSig (IL18RAP, CHP1, VAMP2, PIC3R1, PRKCD), which divided patients into high- and low-risk groups based on their risk score. The high-risk group was associated with a poor prognosis, and the risk score had good predictive ability across all clinical subgroups. The risk score and stage were found to be independent prognostic indicators for HCC patients when clinical factors were taken into account. We further created a nomogram incorporating the 5-NKRLSig and clinicopathological characteristics, which revealed that patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis. Moreover, our analysis of immunotherapy and chemotherapy response indicated that patients in the low-risk group were more responsive to immunotherapy.
Conclusion
The model that we developed not only sheds light on the regulatory mechanism of NK cell-related genes in HCC, but also has the potential to advance our understanding of immunotherapy for HCC. With its strong predictive capacity, our model may prove useful in evaluating the prognosis of patients and guiding clinical decision-making for HCC patients.
A novel model associated with tumor microenvironment on predicting prognosis and immunotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Juan , Zhang Mi , Tian Qi , Yang Jin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
TNBC (Triple Negative Breast Cancer) is the most aggressive and malignant subtype in breast cancer. Immunotherapy is a currently promising and effective treatment for TNBC, while not all patients are responsive. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel biomarkers to screen sensitive populations for immunotherapy.
Methods
All mRNA expression profiles of TNBC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were clustered into two subgroups by analyzing tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) with single sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA). A risk score model was constructed based on differently expressed genes (DEGs) identified from two subgroups using Cox and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) regression model. And it was validated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed on clinical TNBC tissue samples. The relationship between risk score and immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) related signatures was further investigated, as well as the biological processes were performed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).
Results
We obtained three DEGs positively related to prognosis and infiltrating immune cells in TNBC. Our risk score model could be an independent prognostic factor and the low risk group exhibited a prolonged overall survival (OS). Patients in low risk group were more likely to present a higher immune infiltration and stronger response to immunotherapy. GSEA revealed the model was associated with immune-related pathways.
Conclusion
We constructed and validated a novel model based on three prognostic genes related to TIME in TNBC. The model contributed a robust signature that could predict the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in TNBC.
Physiological and genetic characteristics of a salt-tolerant mutant line in soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Moon Chang Yeok , Kang Byeong Hee , Kim Woon Ji , Chowdhury Sreeparna , Kang Sehee , Lee Jeong-Dong , Kwon Soon-Jae , Kim Han-Yong , Lee Hyeon-Seok , Ha Bo-Keun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that reduces crop yields, but the development of salt-tolerant crops can help overcome this challenge. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the physiological and genetic characteristics of a new salt-tolerant mutant KA-1285 developed using gamma-ray irradiation in soybean (Glycine max L.). The physiological responses of KA-1285 were compared with salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes after treatment with 150 mM NaCl for two weeks. In addition, a major salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified on chromosome 3 in a study using the Daepung X KA-1285 169 F2:3 population, and a specific deletion was identified in Glyma03g171600 (Wm82.a2.v1.1) near the QTL region based on re-sequencing analysis. A kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed based on the deletion of Glyma03g171600 that distinguished the wild-type and mutant alleles. Through the analysis of gene expression patterns, it was confirmed that Glyma03g171700 (Wm82.a2.v1.1) is a major gene that controls salt tolerance functions in Glyma03g32900 (Wm82.a1.v1.1). These results suggest that the gamma-ray-induced mutant KA-1285 has the potential to be employed for the development of a salt-tolerant cultivar and provide useful information for genetic research related to salt tolerance in soybeans.