bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating real‐world data in cost‐effectiveness analysis of universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening in Malaysia
Authors: Chong Huey Yi , Lim Kheng‐Seang , Fong Si‐Lei , Shabaruddin Fatiha Hana , Dahlui Maznah , Mei Lai Pauline Siew , Ng Ching‐Ching , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: June 2023

AimsDespite the availability of newer antiseizure medications, carbamazepine (CBZ) remains the gold standard. However, patients of Asian ancestry are susceptible to CBZ‐related severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening is a promising intervention to address this. With the increasing recognition of integrating real‐world evidence in economic evaluations, the cost‐effectiveness of universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening was assessed using available real‐world data in Malaysia.MethodsA hybrid model of a decision tree and Markov model was developed to evaluate 3 strategies for treating newly diagnosed epilepsy among adults: (i) CBZ initiation without HLA‐B*15:02 screening (current practice); (ii) universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening prior to CBZ initiation; and (iii) alternative prescribing without HLA‐B*15:02 screening. The model was populated with real‐world inputs derived from the Malaysian population. From a societal perspective, base‐case analysis and sensitivity analyses estimated the costs and outcomes over a lifetime. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated.ResultsIn the base‐cases analysis, universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening yielded the lowest total costs and the highest total quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Compared with current practice, universal screening was less costly by USD100 and more effective by QALYs increase of 0.1306, while alternative prescribing resulted in 0.1383 QALYs loss at additional costs of USD332. The highest seizure remission rate (56%) was estimated for universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening vs. current practice (54%) and alternative prescribing (48%).ConclusionOur study suggests that universal HLA‐B*15:02 screening is a cost‐effective intervention in Malaysia. With the demonstrated value of real‐world evidence in economic evaluations, more relevant standardization efforts should be emphasized to better inform decision‐making.
Visitor restrictions in hospitals during infectious disease outbreaks: An ethical approach to policy development and requests for exemptions
Authors: McDougall Rosalind , Warton Chanelle , Chew Christopher , Delany Clare , Ko Danielle , Massie John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the ethics of restricting visitation to hospitals during an infectious disease outbreak. We aim to answer three questions: What are the features of an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy? Should policies include scope for case‐by‐case exemptions? How should decisions about exemptions be made? Based on a critical interpretive review of the existing ethical literature on visitor restrictions, we argue that an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy has the following features: proportionality, comprehensiveness, harm mitigation, exemptions for specific patient populations, visitation decisions made separately from a patient's treating clinicians, transparency, and consistency in application. We also argue that an ethical policy ought to include scope for case‐by‐case exemptions for individual patients. We propose a process for ethical decision‐making that provides a shared language and structure to decrease the risks and burdens of decision‐making when clinicians or managers are considering requests for exemptions.
Whose health and which health? Two theoretical flaws in the One Health paradigm
Authors: Selter Felicitas , Salloch Sabine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe One Health approach is a prominent paradigm for research and healthcare practice and increasingly applied in various fields. Theoretical and normative implications of the approach, however, remain underexposed so far, leading to conceptual incoherencies and uncertainties in the application of the concept. This article sheds light on two particularly influential theoretical flaws inherent to the One Health approach. The first difficulty relates to the question of whose health is considered in the One Health paradigm: humans and animals are obviously situated on a different level than the environment, so that the individual, population, and ecosystem dimensions need to be considered. The second theoretical flaw is related to the question of which concept of health can be meaningfully referred to when speaking of One Health. This problem is addressed by analyzing four key theoretical conceptions of health from the philosophy of medicine (well‐being, natural functioning, capacity of achieving vital goals, and homeostasis and resilience) regarding their suitability for the aims of One Health initiatives. It appears that none of the concepts analyzed fully meets the demands of an equitable consideration of human, animal, and environmental health. Potential solutions lie in accepting that one concept of health is more appropriate for some entities than for others and/or forgoing the idea of a uniform conception of health. As a result of the analysis, the authors conclude that theoretical and normative assumptions underlying concrete One Health initiatives should be made more explicit.
End‐tidal oxygen partial pressure is a strong prognostic predictive factor in patients with cardiac disease
Authors: Ogura Asami , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Tawa Hideto , Wada Masaaki , Kanai Masashi , Kubo Ikko , Makihara Ayano , Yoshikawa Ryohei , Matsuda Yuichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables represent central and peripheral factors and combined factors in the pathology of patients with cardiac disease. The difference in end‐tidal oxygen partial pressure from resting to anaerobic threshold (ΔPETO2) may represent predominantly peripheral factors. This study aimed to verify the prognostic significance of ΔPETO2 for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in cardiac patients, including comparison with the minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2 slope), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2).MethodsIn total, 185 patients with cardiac disease who underwent CPET were consecutively enroled in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was 3‐year MACCE. The ability of ΔPETO2, VE/VCO2 slope, and peak VO2 to predict MACCE was examined.ResultsOptimal cut‐off values for predicting MACCE were 2.0 mmHg for ΔPETO2 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.829), 29.8 for VE/VCO2 slope (AUC: 0.734), and 19.0 mL/min/kg for peak VO2 (AUC: 0.755). The AUC of ΔPETO2 was higher than those of VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2. The MACCE‐free survival rate was significantly lower in the ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 group versus the ΔPETO2 > 2.0 group (44.4% vs. 91.2%, p < 0.001). ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 was an independent predictor of MACCE after adjustment for age and VE/VCO2 slope (hazard ratio [HR], 7.28; p < 0.001) and after adjustment for age and peak VO2 (HR, 6.52; p < 0.001).ConclusionΔPETO2 was a strong predictor of MACCE independent of and superior to VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2 in patients with cardiac disease.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Ilerhunmwuwa Nosakhare Paul , Inyang Lawrence , Hakobyan Narek , Wasifuddin Mustafa , Tahir Muhammad , Aiwuyo Henry , Ankah Paul , Torere Beatrice E. , Amaechi Uchenna M. , Wang Jen Chin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a paucity of data on the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States. We examined the outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and SCD.MethodsWe utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify the data of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and SCD in 2020 using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes. In‐hospital outcomes (invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality) were compared between SCD and non‐SCD groups.ResultsOf the 1 057 550 COVID‐19 hospitalizations, 2870 (0.3%) had SCD. The median age of the SCD group was 42 (IQR: 31) vs. 66 (IQR: 23) in the non‐SCD group (p < .0001). Patients with SCD were likely to be females (62.02% vs. 37.98%, p < .0001), Blacks (87.81% vs. 12.19%, p < .0001), and in the lowest income quartile (50.62% vs. 11.15%, p < .0001). There was no difference in the outcomes between the two groups. There were increased odds of invasive mechanical ventilation and in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 in Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Blacks (except for in‐hospital mortality) compared to Whites.ConclusionIn‐hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation outcomes in SCD are comparable to that in non‐SCD patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.
Climate warming interacts with other global change drivers to influence plant phenology: A meta‐analysis of experimental studies
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Min Xueting , Chen Jianghui , Lu Chunyan , Huang Yixuan , Zhang Zhenhua , Liu Huiying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShifts in plant phenology influence ecosystem structures and functions, yet how multiple global change drivers interact to affect phenology remains elusive. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 242 published articles to assess interactions between warming (W) and other global change drivers including nitrogen addition (N), increased precipitation (IP), decreased precipitation (DP) and elevated CO2(eCO2) on multiple phenophases in experimental studies. We show that leaf out and first flowering were most strongly affected by warming, while warming and decreased precipitation were the most pronounced drivers for leaf colouring. Moreover, interactions between warming and other global change drivers were common and both synergistic and antagonistic interactions were observed: interactions W + IP and W + eCO2were frequently synergistic, whereas interactions W + N and W + DP were mostly antagonistic. These findings demonstrate that global change drivers often affect plant phenology interactively. Incorporating the multitude of interactions into models is crucial for accurately predicting plant responses to global changes.
Alley cropping tree lines alter temperature and light quantity and influence daily growth rates of grassland
Authors: Sutterlütti Rahel , Kayser Manfred , Komainda Martin , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrees alter microclimate and radiation budget in alley cropping systems, which in turn change physiological processes of the grassland component. The influence of the trees on grassland growth depends on the climate zone as well as possibly on weather conditions during the respective growth interval. The proportion of shade‐tolerant species in the grassland further modifies the tree effect on grassland growth, as well as the number of annual harvests. We studied the effect of distance and orientation relative to the tree line (tree line in the South‐West vs. North‐East) on growth rates of the adjacent grassland with two cutting frequencies (frequent vs. infrequent) in an alley cropping system with grassland of two different vegetation compositions (diverse vs. grass‐clover) and willow clones. Microclimate parameters and radiation were measured at the points where growth rates were determined to better characterize the effect of position relative to the tree line. Growth rates differed significantly (p < 0.05) depending on the distance to the trees and annual biomass accumulation amounted to 389 ± 13.5 g m−2 in the center vs. 321 ± 10.0 g m−2 with trees in the North‐East vs. 292 ± 9.2 g m−2 with trees in the South‐West of the transect position. Lower growth rates occurred at positions with lower light quantities close to the trees, namely the position with the trees adjacent in the South‐West. Temperature and relative humidity differences between the distances were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by distance to the tree line, but differences in neither soil nor air temperatures between the distances affected growth rates. Vegetation composition mediates the influence of the trees: the difference between positions was more pronounced in the diverse vegetation composition with higher productivities in the center between the alleys, but also with higher overall sward productivity.
Self‐control, limited willpower and decision fatigue in healthcare settings
Authors: Schweitzer Daniel R. , Baumeister Roy , Laakso E‐Liisa , Ting Joseph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe argue that willpower as well as its depletion may, in some circumstances, adversely impact on clinical decision‐making and patient care. This psychological phenomenon has been dubbed ego depletion in social psychology. Willpower and its depletion which is known as ‘ego depletion’ are well‐established and validated theoretical constructs in social psychology and have been studied across a range of experimental contexts. Willpower is closely related to the concept of self‐control, which refers to the ability to regulate one's own behaviour and actions in order to pursue and achieve either a short‐ or long‐term goal. We outline the clinical relevance of willpower and its depletion in relation to clinical case examples drawn from three of the authors' clinical experience with the view of developing a clinical‐research agenda for future research studies. We examine willpower and its depletion in the context of three clinical case examples, which include (i) doctor–patient interactions, (ii) willpower and its depletion in relation to challenging interpersonal interactions with clinical and non‐clinical work colleagues and (iii) willpower and its depletion in response to working within a challenging and unpredictable clinical environment. In contrast to the more widely recognised external resources (including space, staff allocations and night shifts), a greater understanding of how this important but under‐recognised internal resource can be depleted in response to a range of different factors within clinical settings has the potential to inform and improve patient care through a renewed focus on the developing interdisciplinary clinical studies which draw upon contemporary findings from social psychology. Future work aimed at developing evidence‐based interventions to help mitigate the negative impact of impaired self‐control and decision fatigue within healthcare systems may in turn lead to improved patient care as well as more effective healthcare service and delivery.
Buyer direct financing with blockchain‐assisted due diligence in supply chain
Authors: Cao Yifan , Shen Bin , Chan Hau‐Ling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCapital constraints are one of the major challenges for the supplier to invest in activities to enhance environmental and social responsibility (ESR) in production. Responsible buyer direct financing has emerged as an important solution to motivate supplier ESR by pegging the interest rate to the supplier's ESR level. Motivated by real practices, we develop game‐theoretical models to explore the value of conducting blockchain‐assisted due diligence to inspect the borrowing supplier's ESR qualification in a two‐tier supply chain structure where the downstream buyer directly finances the capital‐constrained supplier. Conventional wisdom tells us that driving greater supplier transparency (e.g., conducting blockchain‐assisted due diligence) will motivate the supplier to strengthen environmental and social compliance. However, we identify the necessary and sufficient “backfiring condition” under which the blockchain‐assisted due diligence may “backfire” by reducing the supplier's ESR efforts. The supplier devotes more ESR efforts if and only if the due diligence cost is sufficiently high. Our result implies that the heavy cost of adopting blockchain technology is not necessarily bad from the responsibility perspective as long as the backfiring condition does not hold. Moreover, we identify the Pareto zone in which conducting blockchain‐assisted due diligence could benefit both supply chain members. We extend our model by examining the impact of a shift from profit orientation to social welfare orientation. Our findings provide managerial insights into the implementation of blockchain‐assisted due diligence to enhance supplier ESR and improve supply chain members’ profits.
High‐entropy rare earth titanates with low thermal conductivity designed by lattice distortion
Authors: Zhu Saisai , Zhu Jinpeng , Ye Songbo , Yang Kaijun , Li Mingliang , Wang Hailong , He Jilin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐entropy single‐phase rare earth titanates (RE0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)2Ti2O7 (RE = Sm, Y, Lu) were designed and synthesized successfully, in which their lattice distortion was quantitatively described by mass disorder and size disorder. It is worth mentioning that (Y0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)2Ti2O7 could obtain the low thermal conductivity (1.51 W·m−1·K−1, 1500°C), high thermal expansion coefficient (average, 11.69×10−6 K−1, RT ∼1500°C) and excellent high‐temperature stability. In addition, the relationship between the microstructure and thermal transport behaviors has been studied at the atomic scale. Due to the disorder of A‐site ions, severe lattice distortion occurred in specific crystal planes, and the large mass difference between Y3+ and other RE3+ further causes mass fluctuation and results in lower thermal conductivity. Compared with YSZ, the high‐entropy rare earth titanate (Y0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)2Ti2O7 has lower thermal conductivity, higher thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent high‐temperature stability, which has great potential for application in the thermal protection field.
Morphology control technique of ZnO by hydroxide ion supply rate and its effect on the ppt‐level gas sensors
Authors: Kim Kyusung , Choi Pil gyu , Itoh Toshio , Masuda Yoshitake 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sensitivity of the metal–oxide–semiconductor‐type gas sensors has been improved typically using novel metal catalysts, such as Pt, Ru, and Pd. However, the sensing performance could be enhanced by only controlling the nanostructure. Herein, we introduce fabrication methods for ZnO nanobelt by changing the supply rate of hydroxide ions. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and potassium hydroxide were used to generate hydroxide ions, and their rate to reach the maximum pH was different by more than twofold. The supply rate of hydroxide ions caused the different morphology of ZnO nanomaterial due to the change in the seed of material formation. Although both samples could detect acetone gas up to 100 ppt, ZnO nanobelts synthesized by HMT exhibited higher sensitivity. The ZnO morphology influenced the exposed surface area, and a larger specific surface area could facilitate the generation of pre‐adsorbed oxygen species that are the main factor for sensitivity.
Sodium molybdate‐hexagonal boron nitride composites enabled by cold sintering for microwave dielectric substrates
Authors: Mena‐Garcia Javier , Ndayishimiye Arnaud , Fan Zhongming , Perini Steven E. , Li Wenjie , Poudel Bed , Priya Shashank , Foley Brian , Gaskins John , Randall Clive A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo fulfill the demands of more bandwidth in 5G and 6G communication technology, new dielectric substrates that can be co‐fired into packages and devices that have low dielectric loss and improved thermal conductivity are desired. The motivation for this study is to design composites with low dielectric loss (tan δ) and high thermal conductivity (κ), while still limiting the electrical conductivity, for microwave applications involving high power and high frequency. This work describes the fabrication of high‐density electroceramic composites with a model dielectric material for cold sintering, namely sodium molybdate (Na2Mo2O7), and fillers with higher thermal conductivity such as hexagonal boron nitride. The physical properties of the composites were characterized as a function of filler vol.%, temperature, and frequency. Understanding the variation in measured properties is achieved through analyzing the respective transport mechanisms.
Environmental stability of additively manufactured siliconized silicon carbide for applications in hybrid energy systems
Authors: Yoon Bola , Richardson Dylan , Jajja Saad A. , Cramer Corson L. , Lance Michael J. , Nawaz Kashif , Lara‐Curzio Edgar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA key consideration for the successful operation of hybrid energy systems will be the environmental stability of materials used for their construction, particularly when experiencing service environments containing water vapor at high temperatures. Here, we report results from the characterization of siliconized silicon carbide (Si‐SiC) prepared via binder jet additive manufacturing and reactive silicon melt infiltration after being exposed to environments representative of those in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes, and to exhaust gases inside a microturbine operating on natural gas. In both cases, it was found that oxide scales formed on the surface and that these scales were dense, continuous, and well‐bonded to the substrates, although there was evidence of transverse and longitudinal cracking most likely as a result of mismatches in the thermal expansion of the scale and the substrate. Measured values of the thickness of the oxide scale were compared to those predicted by parabolic oxidation kinetics of silicon, but the potential effects of silica volatilization induced by water vapor, and silica reduction when exposed to hydrogen are discussed. The overall results showed that the oxide scale is expected to be protective under the conditions of hybrid power generation systems.
Weight loss improves inflammation by T helper 17 cells in an obese patient with psoriasis at high risk for cardiovascular events
Authors: Maezawa Yoshiro , Endo Yusuke , Kono Satomi , Ohno Tomohiro , Nakamura Yuumi , Teramoto Naoya , Yamaguchi Ayano , Aono Kazuto , Minamizuka Takuya , Kato Hisaya , Ishikawa Takahiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Takemoto Minoru , Nakayama Toshinori , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with obesity and myocardial infarction. Obesity‐induced changes in lipid metabolism promote T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation, which in turn promotes chronic inflammation. Th17 cells have central roles in many inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and atherosclerosis; however, whether treatment of obesity attenuates Th17 cells and chronic inflammatory diseases has been unknown. In this study, we found an increase in Th17 cells in a patient with obesity, type 2 diabetes and psoriasis. Furthermore, weight loss with diet and exercise resulted in a decrease in Th17 cells and improvement of psoriasis. This case supports the hypothesis that obesity leads to an increase in Th17 cells and chronic inflammation of the skin and blood vessel walls, thereby promoting psoriasis and atherosclerosis.