bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of donor biological variation on the quality and function of cold‐stored platelets
Authors: Lorusso Alice , Croxon Harry , Faherty‐O'Donnell Sarah , Field Stephen , Fitzpatrick Áine , Farrelly Aileen , Hervig Tor , Waters Allison 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRoom temperature‐stored platelets (RTPs) maximize platelet viability but limit shelf life. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of donor variability on cold‐stored platelets (CSPs) and RTP, to determine whether RTP quality markers are appropriate for CSP.Materials and MethodsDouble platelet donations (n = 10) were collected from consented regular male donors stored in 100% plasma. A full blood count, donor age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were collected at the time of donation. Platelet donations were split equally into two bags, and assigned to non‐agitated CSP or agitated RTP. The quality and function of platelets were assessed throughout the standard 7 days of storage and at expiry (day 8). Non‐parametric statistical analyses were used to analyse results given the small sample size.ResultsAs expected, there were significant differences between CSP and RTP throughout storage including a reduction in CSP concentration as well as a loss of swirling. Furthermore, a significant increase in CSP exhibiting activation and apoptotic markers was observed. Platelet concentrations were further impacted by donor BMI, and donors with the highest BMI (>29) had the lowest platelet concentration and activation response at the end of CSP storage.ConclusionPlatelet quality and functionality play a vital role in transfusion outcomes; however, blood components are inherently variable. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the specific impact of donor BMI on CSP quality and function and highlights the requirement for novel quality markers for assessing CSPs.
Ultrasonographic findings may be useful for differentiating interdigital abscesses secondary to migrating grass awns and interdigital furunculosis in dogs
Authors: Fenet Marion , Layssol‐Lamour Catherine , Pressanti Charline , Briand Amaury , Desquilbet Loic , Hahn Harriet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGrass awn migration and furunculosis are common diseases in dogs that can lead to interdigital subcutaneous lesions with a similar clinical presentation, and occasionally similar ultrasonographic images, but different treatments are required. This retrospective, multicentric, analytical study aimed to determine whether epidemiological, clinical, and ultrasonographic features could be used to differentiate interdigital furunculosis and abscesses secondary to migrating grass awns. Fifty‐nine dogs that underwent interdigital ultrasonography were included (interdigital furunculosis [IDF], n = 27; interdigital abscess secondary to a migrating grass awn [IAGA], n = 32). Ultrasonographic images were reviewed by two observers blinded to the diagnosis, who graded nine qualitative and four quantitative parameters for each patient. In both groups, pruritus/licking (IDF 74%, IAGA 70%), a discharging interdigital wound (63% for each group), and thoracic limb involvement (IDF 88%, IAGA 75%) were common features. On ultrasound, a subcutaneous multilinear hyperechoic main element was identified in most dogs (IDF 85%, IAGA 100%). The ability to display this element in a single plane (P < 0.01), the absence of additional hyperechoic linear elements in different planes (P < 0.01), and a surrounding hypoechoic halo (P < 0.05) were significantly more common in dogs with interdigital abscesses secondary to migrating grass awns. A cut‐off value of 0.83 cm for the length of the main multilinear element provided a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 87% in the diagnosis of a migrating grass awn. Findings supported prioritizing a differential diagnosis of interdigital abscesses secondary to grass awns in dogs with these ultrasonographic characteristics.
Survey of factors affecting satisfaction and success of residents enrolled in European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI) residency programs
Authors: White Crystal , Maddox Thomas W. , Mortier Jeremy R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeveral published studies have described the success and satisfaction of residents enrolled in human radiology training programs, however comparable studies for veterinary radiology residents are currently lacking. The purpose of this descriptive, survey study was to evaluate resident perceptions of the European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI) residency training programs. A web‐based survey was sent to all listed 114 ECVDI residents and received a 57.0% response (65/114). Of these, 88% of respondents enjoyed their training and 73.5% of finishing respondents agreed they felt ready to work as a veterinary radiologist. First‐time pass rates for the theoretical and practical components of the board certifying examinations were >80%. Regarding research and exam preparation, 41.5% and 49.2% of respondents, respectively, did not feel they received appropriate guidance. Eleven percent of respondents felt a lack of mentoring and 7.7% reported not receiving annual appraisals. Findings from this study can be used as background for future studies on perceptions of ECVDI residents and ECVDI residency program directors and for future policy decisions regarding ECVDI residency training programs.
Simulation and Validation of Fluid Inertia Effects in External Gear Machines Using Lumped Parameter Modeling
Authors: Mistry Zubin , Vacca Andrea , Dhar Sujan , Rigosi Manuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lumped parameter modeling is a consolidated technique for analyzing the fluid dynamic behavior of positive displacement machines, owing to their computational swiftness and the ease of integrating other physical domains affecting the operation of the machine. With some very limited exceptions, this modeling technique typically neglects fluid inertia and momentum effects. This paper proposes an approach to study the effects of fluid inertia affecting the pressurization and depressurization of the tooth space volumes of an external gear pump. The approach is based on considering the fluid inertia in the pressurization grooves and inside the control volumes with a peculiar subdivision. Further, frequency-dependent friction is also modeled to provide realistic damping of the fluid inside these channels. Validation of the model has been performed by comparing the lumped parameter model with a full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver. The quantities compared, such as tooth space volume pressures and outlet volumetric flow rate, show a good match between the two approaches for varying operating speeds. A comparison with the experiments supports the modeling approach as well. The paper finally, also discusses which operating conditions and geometries play a significant role that governs the necessity to model such fluid inertia effects in the first place.
The Coach Developer as a Learning Designer: An Insight Into the Development of the ICOACHKIDS Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Lara-Bercial Sergio , Hodgson Gary , Lara-Bercial Pedro , Quinn Sheelagh , O’Leary Declan , Van Der Haegen Kris 
Published: July 2023

The role of the coach developer (CD) has broadened over the last two decades. Today CDs fulfil multiple functions, such as tutor, facilitator, expert, or mentor. They also play a significant part as learning designers. CDs are normally not trained to perform this role. This practical advances paper provides an overview of the role and required skills of learning designers, specifically in the context of the creation of an online coach development resource: the ICOACHKIDS massive open online courses. The paper offers a novel description of the development process. It describes four stages, including: (a) agreeing on target audience and learning outcomes, (b) choosing the pedagogical model, (c) selecting technological solutions and partners, and (d) content development. For each stage, the working parameters, associated challenges, and the learning gained by CDs are described. Each of these phases presents unique challenges and requires different competences. We conclude that learning design, especially in relation to massive open online courses (and perhaps, more broadly, online), must become part of the CD development curriculum going forward.
Development and Evaluation of a New Observational Tool to Document the Use of Teaching Strategies in Physiotherapy
Authors: Schoenmaker Jorine , Houdijk Han , Steenbergen Bert , Reinders-Messelink Heleen A. , Schoemaker Marina M. 
Published: July 2023

Effectiveness of motor interventions depends not only on learning content but also on the used teaching strategies. However, little is known regarding the application of teaching strategies in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and assess psychometric properties of a new Dutch observational instrument to document teaching strategies: the Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning (OPTIMAL) Strategies Observational Tool (OSOT). Based on the OPTIMAL theory for motor learning from Wulf and Lewthwaite, the OSOT includes three variables: (a) expectancies, (b) autonomy, and (c) attention. The OSOT’s content was created by extracting relevant items from literature and existing instruments. To assess its psychometric properties, a convenience sample of 18 physiotherapy sessions for children with developmental coordination disorder was employed. Video recordings of these sessions were analyzed using Noldus The Observer XT. Relative duration (percentage of session time) was calculated for each item. Intraclass correlations were calculated to examine interrater and intrarater reliability. The design process resulted in 43 items in total. Interrater and intrarater intraclass correlations ranged from .48 to .99, with 81% (interrater), respectively, 95% (intrarater) of the items scoring above .75, indicating excellent agreement. The OSOT enables systematic and reliable observation of Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning teaching strategies used by therapists in Dutch clinical settings.
Independent Causal Effect of Remnant Cholesterol on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Navarese Eliano P. , Vine Donna , Proctor Spencer , Grzelakowska Klaudyna , Berti Sergio , Kubica Jacek , Raggi Paolo 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Observational studies suggested that residual risk of cardiovascular events after LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol lowering may be linked to remnant cholesterol (RC). We conducted a large-scale Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal role of RC to predict coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke risk.

Methods:
We extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms for RC and LDL from large-scale genome-wide association databases. We estimated the genetic association with outcomes from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis Plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics), the Metastroke consortium, as well as the GLGC (Global Lipids Genetics Consortium). Genetic variants were used as instruments, thereby minimizing residual confounding and reverse causation biases of observational studies.

Results:

By leveraging data from a combined sample of 958 434 participants, we found evidence for a significant causal effect of RC on the risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.51 per SD unit increase in RC [95% CI, 1.42–1.60];
P
=5.3×10
-5
), MI (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.21–2.05];
P
=9.5×10
-4
), and stroke (OR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.12–1.35];
P
=3.72×10
-6
). There was no evidence of pleiotropy. The effect of RC on CAD and MI remained consistent after accounting for the effects of RC-associated genetic variants on LDL cholesterol: OR, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.37–1.61) for CAD and OR, 1.80 (95% CI, 1.70–19.1) for MI without a meaningful indirect effect exerted on these outcomes via the LDL cholesterol mediator.

Conclusions:
This large-scale Mendelian randomization study showed a robust genetic causal association between RC and cardiovascular outcomes. The effect on CAD and MI is independent of LDL cholesterol. Early screening for RC along with long-term inhibition of RC should be the focus of future therapeutic interventions.
Enriched Rehabilitation Reduces Abnormal Motor Synergies and Enhances Motor Plasticity Following Severe Stroke in Rats
Authors: Balbinot Gustavo , Touvykine Boris , Zaftis Joyce , Schuch Clarissa Pedrini , Jeffers Matthew Strider , Elgbeili Guillaume , Dancause Numa , Corbett Dale 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stroke results in loss of upper motor neuron control over voluntary movements and emergence of abnormal synergies. Presently, it is unclear to what extent poststroke recovery reflects true recovery (restitution), compensation, or some combination of these processes. Here, we investigated this question using behavioral and kinematic analyses of skilled reaching in rats subjected to severe stroke that affected both the forelimb motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum.

METHODS:
After stroke, male rats either spontaneously recovered or received enriched rehabilitation. We assessed forelimb motor recovery using behavioral and kinematic outcome measures. To provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of rehabilitation on behavior, we used intracortical microstimulation and FosB (protein fosB) immunostaining techniques.

RESULTS:
Enriched rehabilitation significantly improved food pellet retrieval in the staircase-reaching task. Rehabilitation resulted in several poststroke flexion synergies returning to prestroke patterns, and across subjects, these changes correlated with the intensity of rehabilitation. Enriched rehabilitation increased the proportion of distal movement representation in the perilesional cortex and increased use-dependent activation in the ipsilesional red nucleus.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results provide evidence that enriched rehabilitation enhances recovery, at least in part, by restitution of forelimb function following severe stroke. Furthermore, the restitution of function is associated with changes in multiple motor-related structures at different levels of the central nervous system. A better understanding of the processes that underlie improved motor performance, along with the identification of midbrain circuits activated by rehabilitation, represent new insights and potential targets for optimizing poststroke recovery.
Reverence for Life and Ecological Conversion
Authors: Rogers Chandler D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Friedrich Nietzsche and Albert Schweitzer end up defending radically similar, yet critically opposed conclusions about the human animal and its place in nature, particularly with regard to the ethical awareness that does or does not follow from this situatedness. Arthur Schopenhauer’s notion of the will accounts for their similar foundational assumptions. But what accounts for the fact that their shared desire to affirm the will to life leads to fundamentally opposed ethical conclusions? What keeps Schweitzer’s ascetic ethic of reverence for life from evolving into Nietzsche’s anti-ascetic vision of a second innocence beyond good and evil? We argue that situating the notion of reverence for life within an environmental virtue ethics, as one environmental virtue among many, aiming at ecological conversion, better articulates and motivates the disposition demanded by the ethics of reverence for life.
Infodemic in the era of the pandemic
Authors: Kuo Winping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought considerable challenges to public health, but also diffusions of fake news on social media platforms, taking on the moniker of “infodemic”. To have a better understanding of the infodemic, this research takes 580 pandemic-related fake news stories from two Taiwanese fact-checking platforms and 180,000 real news articles from four major newspapers in Taiwan spanning from January 2020 to August 2021. The paper presents lexical usages and discourses of fake news from the perspective of corpus-assisted discourse study. Keyword comparison and collocational network analysis are adopted as the major analytic framework to identify keyness keywords and to uncover the discourses embedded in COVID-19 fake news. Results suggest that pandemic-related fake news tend to emphasize the themes of virus, vaccine, and immunity regarding the content keywords. Personal pronouns that differentiate us and them, conjunctions used to construct causal explanations, time-frames that denote a confirmed social fact in false stories are also prominent lexical usages in COVID-19 fake news. Notably, verbs related to promoting action and expressions of polite requests are often fabricated in fake news messages. Collocational network reveals five main themes in pandemic-related fake news: virus, vaccine and vaccination, symptom, food and drink, caution and warning and mask wearing. This paper concludes that more than simply differentiating between true and false, fake news involve miscellaneous discursive constructions of existing political, social, and cultural dimensions within alternative and unverified reality.
The usage of Sinographs in relational communication about ethnic Chinese identities on YouTube
Authors: Ko Lu-Yen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes the usage of Sinographs (Chinese characters) across globally dispersed user communities on YouTube, and focuses on their usage patterns in relational communication about ethnic Chinese identities. This is achieved by analyzing YouTube comments on the official music video for the Mandopop (Mandarin pop music) song “Fragile” (玻璃心) as a corpus. Firstly, the history and media environment of ethnic Chinese communities are reviewed to provide context for why “Fragile” sparked heated discussion in the YouTube comment section. Then, the methodological approach of corpus pragmatics, the data, and the methodology including corpus analytical process and tools used are discussed. Finally, the analysis results are presented in two parts: the usage of sentence patterns that communicate relationships and identities, and the usage of metamessages that indicate ethnic Chinese identities.
Clinical frailty scale is useful in predicting return-to-home in patients admitted due to coronavirus disease
Authors: Kawamura Koki , Osawa Aiko , Tanimoto Masanori , Kagaya Hitoshi , Matsuura Toshihiro , Arai Hidenori 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has been prolonged, with the highly contagious Omicron variant becoming the predominant variant by 2022. Many patients admitted to dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wards (COVID-19 treatment units) develop disuse syndrome while being treated in the hospital, and their ability to perform activities of daily living declines, making it difficult for hospitals to discharge them. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the degree of frailty and home discharge of patients admitted to a COVID-19 treatment units.

Methods
This study retrospectively examined the in-patient medical records of 138 patients (82.7 ± 7.6 years old) admitted to a COVID-19 treatment unit from January to December 2022. The end-point was to determine the patients’ ability to be discharged from the unit directly to home; such patients were classified into the ‘Home discharge’ group and compared with those in the ‘Difficulty in discharge’ group. The degree of frailty was determined based on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and the relationship with the endpoint was analysed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created and the cut-off value was calculated with the possibility of home discharge as the state variable and CFS as the test variable. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with the possibility of home discharge as the dependent variable and CFS as the independent variable.

Results
There were 75 patients in the Home discharge group and 63 in the Difficulty in discharge group. ROC analysis showed a CFS cut-off value of 6 or more, with a sensitivity of 70.7% and a specificity of 84.1%. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation between possibility of home discharge and CFS even after adjusting for covariates, with an odds ratio of 13.44.

Conclusions
Based on the evaluation of the degree of frailty conducted in the COVID-19 treatment unit, it was possible to accurately predict whether a patient could be discharged directly to home after treatment CFS could be an effective screening tool to easily detect patients requiring ongoing hospitalisation even after the acute phase of treatment.
Is sexual attraction and place of origin a moderator of sex in pornography consumption? Cross-sectional study on a representative sample of young adults
Authors: Sanz-Barbero Belén , Pérez-Martínez Vanesa , Estévez-García J. Francisco , Vives-Cases Carmen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Pornography consumption is higher in men, but we do not know if this association can be modified by different variables, such as sexual attraction and place of origin. Given the impact pornography has on minors, there are limited studies that analyze the use of pornography in representative samples of the adult population. The aim was analyze the prevalence and factors associated with using pornography in young adult men and women, living in Spain, with different sexual attractions and different places of birth.

Methods
Cross-sectional study with an online survey conducted with 2515 men and women aged between 18 and 35 years of age. The prevalence of pornography consumption is described and analyzed in the total sample and stratified by sex, according to socio-demographic and sexual attraction variables. The association between covariates and pornography consumption at some point in life was estimated with prevalence ratios (PR) obtained with the Poisson models of robust variance. Dependent variable: voluntarily using pornography at some point in life. Socio-demographic variables were included in the analysis: age, sex, level of education, place of birth. Sexual attraction was also analyzed.

Results
In Spain, 94.7% of men between 18 and 34 years and 74.6% of women have voluntarily used pornography at some point in their life. The mean age to start using it is earlier in men [Mean:14.2; Standard Deviation (SD):2.3]. Bisexual/homosexual attraction (reference: heterosexual) increases the probability of using pornography in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.30 (1.22; 1.38)]. Yet this is not observed in men. In both sexes, the probability of using pornography increases with age [(PR (95%CI): 1.01(1.00; 1.01)] and coming from abroad (reference: native), being the effect of country of birth significantly higher in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.09; 1.26)] than in men [(PR (95%CI): 1.04 (1.01; 1.07).

Conclusions
Public health programmes aimed at improving affective-sexual health should consider the high use of pornography among young adults in Spain, as well as those variables that increase its use.