bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Socio-economic Profile of Farming Community in Hadoti Region of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Vinay Kumar , Kumar Dheerendra , Jangid M. K. , Singh Kunwar Devdat , Mishra Anand Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Aims: The present research aimed to study the socio-economic profile of the farming community of Hadoti region of Rajasthan state of India.
Study Design: In this study, the stratified random sampling method was used for the selection of farmers/respondents in the study area.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Hadoti region of Rajasthan in 2022.
Methodology: A total of 320 farmers were randomly selected from different district’s villages of the region. Total four districts Kota, Baran, Bundi and Jhalawar are in Hadoti region of Rajasthan. A total of 2-2 tehsils were selected from each district, 4-4 villages were selected from each tehsil and 10-10 farmers were selected from these selected village of each district. Thus, a total of 320 respondents were selected from Hadoti region for this study.
Results: The study found that majority of the farmers were small and marginal farmers with an average land holding of less than 2 hectares. Most of the farmers belonged to the 31–45-year-old group and most belonged to the Scheduled Castes. His 66.25% of farmers were engaged in agriculture, and the education level of the majority of farmers (25.31%) was his eighth level. According to the data obtained in the study, the respondents were from joint families (53.44%). The houses of the farmers were mostly (58.13%) both mud (kutcha) and solid (pucca). The study also revealed that the farming community faced various challenges including low education level, insufficient agricultural resources and lack of knowledge of new technology.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a need for policy interventions to improve the socio-economic conditions of the farming community in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. The annual income of the farmers of the selected area is low due to the availability of agricultural resources in them.
Assessment of Timber Harvest in Ondo State, Nigeria between 2013 and 2019
Authors: Adeyekun O. J. , Adekunle V. A. J. , Oyerinde O. V. 
Published: April 2023

The high rate of timber harvest from the forest without any replacement is hostile to the achievement of the objectives of sustainable forest management in Nigeria. The study was carried out to investigate the rate of timber harvest in Ondo state, Nigeria. Secondary data on logging activities from both forest reserves and free areas between 2013 and 2019 in the three forestry administrative zones - Akure, Ore, and Okitipupa were collected from the Ondo state department of forestry official records, files and annual reports. Analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference in the number of stems and volumes extracted between 2013 and 2019 in the study area. Results revealed that 49,063 and 8409 stems were harvested from free areas and reserves respectively within this period. It was showed that 118323.0m3 and 19022.1m3 stem volume were also removed from free areas and forest reserves respectively. Generally, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of stems and volumes removed from free areas and forest reserves within these years. The study concluded that unregulated timber harvest is a threat to biodiversity conservation and recommended that conservative measures should be put in place to protect forest areas from deforestation and that more protected area should be established.
Analysis of the Consumption of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIS) and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA), before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, in Community Pharmacies in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Rogério , Sousa Letícia Cristina Alves de , Tassara Kênnia Rodrigues , Pires Débora de Jesus , Wastowski Isabela Jubé 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live. It brought several effects to the lives of society as a whole and showed us an increase in the use of antidepressant medications.
Objective: To evaluate the consumption of antidepressants in the period from 2015 to 2020 and the estimate for 2021 to 2025; as well as possible animated between consumption and the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the different Brazilian regions.
Methodology: The research was developed in three stages. 1st stage: search for data in the National Controlled Products Management System (SNGPC). 2nd stage: research on the platform of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE for the collection of sociodemographic data and variables of interest. 3rd stage: descriptive statistical analysis, comparison of consumption rates and correlations to verify the association between numerical variables. Medians and interquartile ranges were left (median [Q1; Q3]) and the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman non-parametric test was performed (ρ using the R 4.0.2 software (R Core Team, 2020).
Results: If the increase in the consumption of antidepressant medications in the period from 2015 to 2021, and it is controlled that, in the year 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic by Covid-19, this increase of 15%, compared to the year 2019. However, the estimate from 2021 to 2022 is that there will be an increase of only 3% pre and pandemic caused by COVID-19 in Brazil Sociodemographic variables have a significant influence on the consumption of antidepressants.
Conclusion: An observation from the analytical side found that, in this study, the increased consumption of antidepressants in Brazil during the pre- and pandemic period caused by COVID-19. The study shows the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic conditions.
A Practical Implementation of Brackish Water Treatment with Local Material in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hermawan Surya , Pranata Felix Jaya , Limantara Ivan Reynaldi , Steven Daniel , Fernaldi Jason , Prajogo Jescey Edlin 
Published: April 2023

Indonesia, an archipelago with vast coastal areas consisting of 809 coastal villages, still faces the same problems of clean water scarcity and accessibility. This research goals are to discover appropriate inexpensive local filtering media and lower the salinity of brackish water in Sidoarjo Regency Indonesia. Regarding previous invention and research, this study deploy an experimental method by physical experiment including local materials along with chemical experiment: ion exchangers as well as reverse osmosis (RO). The outcomes demonstrate that local media filtration utilizing a combination of a 10-micron filter, kaolin, zeolite, kaolin, activated carbon, and kaolin is the best combination to produce the most transparent, and odorless water. It can reduce Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) values by 8.59% and 7.18%, and reduce pH levels by 2.59%. On the other hand, reverse osmosis and ion exchange can achieve 99.5% and 67% reductions in TDS and EC values, respectively.
Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to 4 Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Sundström Johan , Lind Lars , Nowrouzi Shamim , Hagström Emil , Held Claes , Lytsy Per , Neal Bruce , Marttala Kerstin , Östlund Ollie 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceHypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death worldwide. Multiple blood pressure–lowering therapies are available but the potential for maximizing benefit by personalized targeting of drug classes is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate and quantify the potential for targeting specific drugs to specific individuals to maximize blood pressure effects.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized, double-blind, repeated crossover trial in men and women with grade 1 hypertension at low risk for cardiovascular events at an outpatient research clinic in Sweden. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the extent to which individuals responded better to one treatment than another and to estimate the additional blood pressure lowering achievable by personalized treatment.InterventionsEach participant was scheduled for treatment in random order with 4 different classes of blood pressure–lowering drugs (lisinopril [angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor], candesartan [angiotensin-receptor blocker], hydrochlorothiazide [thiazide], and amlodipine [calcium channel blocker]), with repeated treatments for 2 classes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAmbulatory daytime systolic blood pressure, measured at the end of each treatment period.ResultsThere were 1468 completed treatment periods (median length, 56 days) recorded in 270 of the 280 randomized participants (54% men; mean age, 64 years). The blood pressure response to different treatments varied considerably between individuals (P &amp;lt; .001), specifically for the choices of lisinopril vs hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril vs amlodipine, candesartan vs hydrochlorothiazide, and candesartan vs amlodipine. Large differences were excluded for the choices of lisinopril vs candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide vs amlodipine. On average, personalized treatment had the potential to provide an additional 4.4 mm Hg–lower systolic blood pressure.Conclusions and RelevanceThese data reveal substantial heterogeneity in blood pressure response to drug therapy for hypertension, findings that may have implications for personalized therapy.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02774460
Operative Hysteroscopy vs Vacuum Aspiration for Incomplete Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Huchon Cyrille , Drioueche Hocine , Koskas Martin , Agostini Aubert , Bauville Estelle , Bourdel Nicolas , Fernandez Hervé , Fritel Xavier , Graesslin Olivier , Legendre Guillaume , Lucot Jean-Philippe , Panel Pierre , Raiffort Cyril , Giraudet Géraldine , Bussières Laurence , Fauconnier Arnaud 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceVacuum aspiration is commonly used to remove retained products of conception in patients with incomplete spontaneous abortion. Scarring of the uterine cavity may occur, potentially impairing future fertility. A procedural alternative, operative hysteroscopy, has gained popularity with a presumption of better future fertility.ObjectiveTo assess the superiority of hysteroscopy to vacuum aspiration for subsequent pregnancy in patients with incomplete spontaneous abortion who intend to have future pregnancy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe HY-PER randomized, controlled, single-blind trial included 574 patients between November 6, 2014, and May 3, 2017, with a 2-year duration of follow-up. This multicenter trial recruited patients in 15 French hospitals. Individuals aged 18 to 44 years and planned for surgery for an incomplete spontaneous abortion with plans to subsequently conceive were randomized in a 1:1 ratio.InterventionsSurgical treatment by hysteroscopy (n = 288) or vacuum aspiration (n = 286).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a pregnancy of at least 22 weeks’ duration during 2-year follow-up.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analyses included 563 women (mean [SD] age, 32.6 [5.4] years). All aspiration procedures were completed. The hysteroscopic procedure could not be completed for 19 patients (7%), 18 of which were converted to vacuum aspiration (8 with inability to completely resect, 7 with insufficient visualization, 2 with anesthetic complications that required a shortened procedure, 1 with equipment failure). One hysteroscopy failed due to a false passage during cervical dilatation. During the 2-year follow-up, 177 patients (62.8%) in the hysteroscopy group and 190 (67.6%) in the vacuum aspiration (control) group achieved the primary outcome (difference, −4.8% [95% CI, −13% to 3.0%]; P = .23). The time-to-event analyses showed no statistically significant difference between groups for the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.71 to 1.07]). Duration of surgery and hospitalization were significantly longer for hysteroscopy. Rates of new miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, Clavien-Dindo surgical complications of grade 3 or above (requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention or life-threatening event or death), and reinterventions to remove remaining products of conception did not differ between groups.Conclusions and RelevanceSurgical management by hysteroscopy of incomplete spontaneous abortions in patients intending to conceive again was not associated with more subsequent births or a better safety profile than vacuum aspiration. Moreover, operative hysteroscopy was not feasible in all cases.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02201732
Clinicians’ Perspectives on Proactive Patient Safety Behaviors in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Duffy Caoimhe , Menon Neil , Horak David , Bass Geoffrey D. , Talwar Ruchika , Lorenzi Cara , Taing Vo Christina , Chiang Chienhui , Ziemba Justin B. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceThe perioperative environment is hazardous, but patients remain safe with a successful outcome during their care due to staff adaptability and resiliency. The behaviors that support this adaptability and resilience have yet to be defined or analyzed. One Safe Act (OSA), a tool and activity developed to capture self-reported proactive safety behaviors that staff use in their daily practice to promote individual and team-based safe patient care, may allow for improved definition and analysis of these behaviors.ObjectiveTo thematically analyze staff behaviors using OSA to understand what may serve as the basis for proactive safety in the perioperative environment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative thematic analysis included a convenience sample of perioperative staff at a single-center, tertiary care academic medical center who participated in an OSA activity during a 6-month period in 2021. All perioperative staff were eligible for inclusion. A combined deductive approach, based on a human factor analysis and classification framework, as well as an inductive approach was used to develop themes and analyze the self-reported staff safety behaviors.ExposuresThose selected to participate were asked to join an OSA activity, which was conducted in-person by a facilitator. Participants were to self-reflect about their OSA (proactive safety behavior) and record their experience as free text in an online survey tool.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the development and application of a set of themes to describe proactive safety behaviors in the perioperative environment.ResultsA total of 140 participants (33 nurses [23.6%] and 18 trainee physicians [12.9%]), which represented 21.3% of the 657 total perioperative department full-time staff, described 147 behaviors. A total of 8 non–mutually exclusive themes emerged with the following categories and frequency of behaviors: (1) routine-based adaptations (46 responses [31%]); (2) resource availability and assessment adaptations (31 responses [21%]); (3) communication and coordination adaptation (23 responses [16%]); (4) environmental ergonomics adaptation (17 responses [12%]); (5) situational awareness adaptation (12 responses [8%]); (6) personal or team readiness adaptation (8 responses [5%]); (7) education adaptation (5 responses [3%]); and (8) social awareness adaptation (5 responses [3%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe OSA activity elicited and captured proactive safety behaviors performed by staff. A set of behavioral themes were identified that may serve as the basis for individual practices of resilience and adaptability that promote patient safety.
Microfluidic Spontaneous Emulsification for Generation of O/W Nanoemulsions—Opportunity for In‐Space Manufacturing
Authors: Schmidt Svenja , Nguyen Anh The , Vu Huy Quang , Tran Nam Nghiep , Sareela Maria , Fisk Ian , Hessel Volker 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of microfluidics for oil‐in‐water (O/W) nanoemulsification via spontaneous self‐assembly is demonstrated. As this is known to be a longish process, both single‐ and multicontact microfluidic reactors are tested, the latter providing a longsome, constant microfluidic treatment to maintain advanced phase and interfacial mass transfer. Microfluidic devices provide strong advantages above conventional systems for spontaneous emulsification, with droplet sizes of 62 nm at desired surfactant‐to‐oil ratios (SOR) and a decrease of 90% in process time. Multicontact microfluidics have better performance than their single‐contact counterparts, while critical aspects, e.g., process robustness, are also discussed. Ternary phase diagram analysis of the three components (oil, water, surfactant) allow to decide for the right mixing ratio and sequence of mixing steps for the nanoemulsions. Microfluidic spontaneous emulsification meets objective functions of the intended application to provide fortified beverages to astronauts in space exploration. In that viewpoint, an advantage is to achieve stable nanoemulsions at a level of concentrations much higher as compared to application (human intake), allowing a dilution factor to the final product of up to 100. This decreases notably the process time and allows for process flexibility, e.g., to dilute or tailor Earth‐prepared nanoemulsion concentrate payloads in space.
Hydroiodic‐Acid‐Initiated Dense yet Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene Monoliths toward Superhigh Areal Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Zhitan , Deng Yaqian , Yu Jinyang , Han Junwei , Shang Tongxin , Chen Derong , Wang Ning , Gu Sichen , Lv Wei , Kang Feiyu , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe assembly of 3D structured materials from 2D units paves a royal road for building thick and dense electrodes, which are long sought after for practical energy‐storage devices. 2D transitional metal carbides (MXene) are promising for this due to their capabilities of solution‐based assembly and intrinsic high density, yet face huge challenges in yielding high areal capacitance electrodes owing to the absence of porous ion‐transport paths. Here, a gelation–densification process initiated by hydroiodide acids (HI) is proposed, where the protons break the electrostatic balance of MXene nanosheets to trigger gelation, while HI serves as a spacer to prevent nanosheets from restacking during capillary shrinkage. More promising, the controlled evaporation of reductive HI leaves superiorly shrinking yet porous network for ion transport, and the produced monoliths exhibit a high density of 2.74 g cm−3 and an unprecedented areal capacitance of 18.6 F cm−2.
Geometric and Electronic Engineering of Atomically Dispersed Copper‐Cobalt Diatomic Sites for Synergistic Promotion of Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Zhijun , Ji Siqi , Wang Chun , Liu Hongxue , Leng Leipeng , Du Lei , Gao Jincheng , Qiao Man , Horton J. Hugh , Wang Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of rechargeable zinc–air batteries is heavily dependent on bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts to offer exceptional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) activities. However, the design of such electrocatalysts with high activity and durability is challenging. Herein, a strategy is proposed to create an electrocatalyst comprised of copper‐cobalt diatomic sites on a highly porous nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (Cu‐Co/NC) with abundantly accessible metal sites and optimal geometric and electronic structures. Experimental findings and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effect of Cu‐Co dual‐metal sites with metal‐N4 coordination induce asymmetric charge distributions with moderate adsorption/desorption behavior with oxygen intermediates. This electrocatalyst exhibits extraordinary bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activities in alkaline media, with a half‐wave potential of 0.92 V for ORR and a low overpotential of 335 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. In addition, it demonstrates exceptional ORR activity in acidic (0.85 V) and neutral (0.74 V) media. When applied to a zinc–air battery, it achieves extraordinary operational performance and outstanding durability (510 h), ranking it as one of the most efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts reported to date. This work demonstrates the importance of geometric and electronic engineering of isolated dual‐metal sites for boosting bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in electrochemical energy devices.
Femtosecond Laser Direct‐Writing Ablation of Transparent Fluoropolymer Toward Super‐Resolution Imaging of Cell Movements
Authors: Ozasa Kazunari , Obata Kotaro , Kawano Hiroyuki , Miyawaki Atsushi , Sugioka Koji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLive imaging of living cells in 3D micro/nano‐environment is important for advanced biological studies. An issue for super‐resolution imaging is refractive index mismatch between the materials used for imaging platform and medium containing cells (water). Fluoropolymer CYTOP is the ideal platform material due to its refractive index close to that of water. Herein, femtosecond laser (220 fs) is exploited to ablate CYTOP at three laser wavelengths of 257, 515, and 1030 nm. Linear power dependences of the ablation rate obtained for all wavelengths indicate that ablation mechanisms of CYTOP are attributed to the production of fragmented CYTOPs (frag‐CYTOPs) inside the film to induce efficient light absorption for subsequent laser pulses. The frag‐CYTOPs can effectively absorb UV–Vis light, whereas those left behind generate green fluorescence. Importantly, the shortest wavelength of 257 nm offers the best ablation quality in terms of surface smoothness and low fluorescence with the highest ablation rate. We elucidate that the refractive‐index matching of CYTOP/water is effective for clear imaging of shapes/fluorescence of cells on 3D structures, e.g., HeLa cells on V‐shaped trenches. The fabrication of a microscopic 3D fluorescence code tag embedded in the CYTOP films is further demonstrated.
A Dual‐Function Micro‐Swiss‐Roll Device: High‐Power Supercapacitor and Biomolecule Probe
Authors: Ferro Letícia M. M. , Merces Leandro , Tang Hongmei , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Schmidt Oliver G. , Zhu Minshen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTiny autonomous systems less than 1 mm across need small energy storage to satisfy the demand for temporary pulse power and consistent power supply. A battery or supercapacitor alone cannot meet both requirements. Integration of battery and supercapacitor is an alternative, but it introduces a device (supercapacitor) that is not frequently invoked but requires substantial space. Herein, a submillimeter (0.42 mm2) high‐power supercapacitor with an additional function, namely, an on‐chip integrated probe for biomolecule detection is created. The dual‐function device is directly used in the liquid electrolyte, and its Swiss‐roll geometry allows for operation in a minimum 12‐nL electrolyte. The micro‐Swiss‐roll supercapacitor delivers a power density of 911 mW cm−2 and displays a 98% capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles. The biomolecule probe achieves a sensitivity of 230–262 µA mm−1 with a limit of detection of 0.4–0.5 × 10−3 m for the proof‐of‐concept target, the neurotransmitter dopamine. The biomolecule probe achieves a 230–262 µA mm−1 sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.4–0.5 × 10−3 m for the proof‐of‐concept target, the neurotransmitter dopamine, along with selectivity in the presence of ascorbic acid. The independent dual function provides a promising route toward the full‐time use of dust‐sized supercapacitors integrated into submillimeter functional systems.