bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and change in acculturation‐related characteristics in older Latinos: Implications for culturally compatible ADRD research
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Glover Crystal M. , Capuano Ana W. , Wilson Robert S. , Fleischman Debra A. , Bennett David A. , Marquez David X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcculturation‐related characteristics, that is, factors directly connected to culture and familial relationships, are associated with engaged research participation within Latino communities. Despite this, little empirical data exists on whether acculturation changes over time in older Latinos, which has potential implications for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research study design including longer duration clinical trial implementation.MethodsSelf‐identified Latinos (n= 222; mean age = 71, 76% female) participating in one of three ongoing longitudinal community‐based cohort studies of aging who reported their nativity outside of the United States/District of Columbia (US/DC) contributed, on average, 4.0 ± 1.2 years of annually collected data. This included acculturation‐related characteristics of total, language‐, and social‐based scores from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH) and total and domain‐specific scores from an abbreviated Sabogal Familism questionnaire. We used ordinal mixed effects models and linear mixed effects models (as appropriate) to assess change in acculturation metrics after adjusting for age, sex, education, income, and duration of time in the US/DC.ResultsAlthough none of the SASH metrics changed over time (P‐values ≥ 0.25), all Familism metrics declined over time (P‐values ≤ 0.044). Additionally, select participant‐based characteristics including years of education were significantly (and differentially) associated with level of, but not change in, acculturation‐related outcomes.DiscussionResults suggest that specific acculturation‐related factors (i.e., familism) change over time in older Latinos, and participant‐based characteristics associated with baseline levels of (but not change in) acculturation more generally. Thus, acculturation‐related characteristics are not all static, trait‐like qualities but rather a multi‐faceted, and at times evolving, construct. Considering this dynamic phenotyping is important when contextualizing older Latinos’ lived experience, and when designing, adapting, and conducting ADRD clinical trials and other health‐related interventions.
Copper‐based nanoparticles against microbial infections
Authors: Li Xiumin , Cong Yalin , Ovais Muhammad , Cardoso Mateus Borba , Hameed Saima , Chen Rui , Chen Mingli , Wang Liming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrug‐resistant bacteria and highly infectious viruses are among the major global threats affecting the human health. There is an immediate need for novel strategies to tackle this challenge. Copper‐based nanoparticles (CBNPs) have exhibited a broad antimicrobial capacity and are receiving increasing attention in this context. In this review, we describe the functionalization of CBNPs, elucidate their antibacterial and antiviral activity as well as applications, and briefly review their toxicity, biodistribution, and persistence. The limitations of the current study and potential solutions are also shortly discussed. The review will guide the rational design of functional nanomaterials for antimicrobial application.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Ausgangslage
Authors: Jähnke Anke 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Zentrum von Kapitel 1 stehen Themenstellung und Ausgangslage des Promotionsprojekts. Zuerst wird die Relevanz des Themas skizziert und die verwendete Terminologie präzisiert. Dann werden Erkenntnisinteresse sowie die empirische Ausgangsbasis und der weitere Aufbau der Arbeit ausgeführt.
Methodische Vorgehensweise
Authors: Jähnke Anke 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Zentrum von Kapitel 3 stehen Planung und Durchführung der Untersuchung. Die einzelnen Schritte der methodischen Vorgehensweise im Forschungsprozess werden beschrieben sowie zugrundeliegende Überlegungen ausgeführt.
Quark-hadron duality at work: lifetimes of bottom baryons
Authors: Gratrex James , Lenz Alexander , Melić Blaženka , Nišandžić Ivan , Piscopo Maria Laura , Rusov Aleksey V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the 1990s, very low experimental values for the lifetime ratio τ(Λb)/τ(Bd) triggered a considerable amount of doubt in the applicability of the heavy quark expansion (HQE), which is based on the assumption of quark-hadron duality (QHD) for inclusive total decay rates. However, these low values turned out to be the result of purely experimental problems, and the current HFLAV average reads τ(Λb)/τ(Bd) = 0.969(6). In this work, we present the Standard Model predictions for the b-baryon lifetimes within the framework of the HQE. In particular, we include for the first time the contribution of the Darwin term and we update the estimates for the matrix elements of the dimension-six four-quark operators. Within experimental and theoretical uncertainties, we find excellent agreement between the data and the HQE predictions, and thus no indication for any visible violation of QHD. Our numerical results can be summarised by the ratios τ(Λb)/τ(Bd) = 0.955(14), $$ \tau \left({\varOmega}_b^{-}\right) $$
τ

Ω
b
−

/τ(Bd) = 1.081(42), and $$ \tau \left({\Xi}_b^0\right)/\tau \left({\Xi}_b^{-}\right) $$
τ

Ξ
b
0

/
τ

Ξ
b
−

= 0.929(28).
Between Old and New Interpretations of Life: Animal Electricity at the First Congress of Italian Scientists
Authors: Mantovani Roberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn 1839, collaborating with physicist Luigi Pacinotti, the Italian physician and historian of medicine Francesco Puccinotti announced a successful measurement of the existence of electrovital currents in live warm- and cold-blooded animals. To perform this measurement, they used the astatic galvanometer developed by Leopoldo Nobili. The experimental demonstrations took place in Pisa on the morning of October 13, 1839 as part of the First Congress of Italian Scientists. The experiment had been carefully prepared and tested ahead of the Congress in June and July of the same year. Two congressional commissions, composed respectively of doctors and physicists, discussed the results of the experiments and disclosed conflicting views. The physicists diplomatically expressed doubt, saying that the current measured might have been similar, although weaker, to that found in already dead animals and therefore could be traced to physicochemical processes. A debate developed at the Congress and continued afterwards. This significant episode helped keep the question of animal electricity open in Italy, stimulating the development of new electrophysiological studies in the following decade.
Non-destructive method for identification and classification of varieties and quality of coffee beans based on soft computing models using VIS/NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Aghdamifar Ehsan , Rasooli Sharabiani Vali , Taghinezhad Ebrahim , Rezvanivand Fanaei Adel , Szymanek Mariusz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoffee is one of the most popular and frequently consumed beverages on the planet. Coffee has a significant commercial value, estimated to be in the billions of dollars and consumption has risen steadily over the last two decades. Near-infrared spectroscopy is one of the non-destructive optical technologies for the evaluation of agricultural products to identify food adulteration. Thus, it is an interesting and worthwhile subject to research and study. In this research, a near-infrared spectroscopy approach along with statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA), partial-least-squares regression (PLSR), latent dirichlet allocation (LDA), and artificial neural network (ANN) as a fast and non-destructive method was used with to detect and classify coffee beans using reference data obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results showed that the accuracy of PLSR, LDA, and ANN while our reference data was palmitic acid, respectively were 97.3%, 97.92%, and 97.3% and while reference data was caffeine, accuracy results were 94.71%, 95.83%, and 98.96%, respectively.
Multi-Peak Solutions for Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems in Low Dimensions
Authors: Zhen Maoding , Zhang Binlin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we construct the solutions to the following nonlinear Schrödinger system $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\epsilon ^{2}\Delta u+P(x)u= \mu _{1} u^{p}+\beta u^{\frac{p-1}{2}}v^{\frac{p+1}{2}} \ \ \ \text {in} \ \ \mathbb {R}^{N},\\ -\epsilon ^{2}\Delta v+Q(x)v= \mu _{2} v^{p}+\beta u^{\frac{p+1}{2}}v^{\frac{p-1}{2}} \ \ \ \text {in} \ \ \mathbb {R}^{N}, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

-

ϵ
2

Δ
u
+
P

(
x
)

u
=

μ
1

u
p

+
β

u

p
-
1

2

v

p
+
1

2

in

R

N

,

-

ϵ
2

Δ
v
+
Q

(
x
)

v
=

μ
2

v
p

+
β

u

p
+
1

2

v

p
-
1

2

in

R

N

,

where $$3< p<+\infty $$

3
<
p
<
+
∞

, $$N\in \{1,2\}$$

N
∈
{
1
,
2
}

, $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

is a small parameter, the potentials P, Q satisfy $$0<P_{0} \le P(x)\le P_{1}$$

0
<

P
0

≤
P

(
x
)

≤

P
1

and Q(x) satisfies $$0<Q_{0} \le Q(x)\le Q_{1}$$

0
<

Q
0

≤
Q

(
x
)

≤

Q
1

. We construct the solution for attractive and repulsive cases. When $$x_{0}$$

x
0

is a local maximum point of the potentials P and Q and $$P(x_{0})=Q(x_{0})$$

P

(

x
0

)

=
Q

(

x
0

)

, we construct k spikes concentrating near the local maximum point $$x_{0}$$

x
0

. When $$x_{0}$$

x
0

is a local maximum point of P and $$\overline{x}_{0}$$

x
¯

0

is a local maximum point of Q, we construct k spikes of u concentrating at the local maximum point $$x_{0}$$

x
0

and m spikes of v concentrating at the local maximum point $$\overline{x}_{0}$$

x
¯

0

when $$x_{0}\ne \overline{x}_{0}.$$

x
0

≠

x
¯

0

.

This paper extends the main results established by Peng and Wang (Arch Ration Mech Anal 208:305–339, 2013) and Peng and Pi (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst 36:2205–2227, 2016), where the authors considered the case $$N=3$$

N
=
3

, $$p=3$$

p
=
3

.
Mean Field Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Bäuerle Nicole 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider mean-field control problems in discrete time with discounted reward, infinite time horizon and compact state and action space. The existence of optimal policies is shown and the limiting mean-field problem is derived when the number of individuals tends to infinity. Moreover, we consider the average reward problem and show that the optimal policy in this mean-field limit is $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal for the discounted problem if the number of individuals is large and the discount factor close to one. This result is very helpful, because it turns out that in the special case when the reward does only depend on the distribution of the individuals, we obtain a very interesting subclass of problems where an average reward optimal policy can be obtained by first computing an optimal measure from a static optimization problem and then achieving it with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We give two applications: Avoiding congestion an a graph and optimal positioning on a market place which we solve explicitly.
Grafts and Patches: Optimized but Not Optimal Materials for Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Peivandi Armin Darius , Martens Sven , Asfour Boulos , Martens Sabrina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA variety of materials are available for the surgery of children with congenital heart defects. In addition to growth-related mismatch, degeneration of the material in particular frequently leads to reoperation. Therefore, the choice of conduits and patches should be made carefully. This article provides an overview of the most commonly implanted materials in pediatric cardiac surgery.Structural changes can be detected in all available materials. Depending on the age at implantation and the site of implantation, the extent and time course of material degeneration vary. Autologous material is still the gold standard in reconstructive surgery. Biological materials have largely replaced artificial materials in clinical use.The search for the ideal material continues. In pediatric cardiac surgery, there are only optimized but no optimal materials.
The real-life effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition on non-motor symptoms in levodopa-treated Parkinson’s disease: opicapone versus entacapone
Authors: Leta Valentina , van Wamelen Daniel J. , Aureli Federico , Metta Vinod , Trivedi Dhaval , Cortelli Pietro , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Rizos Alexandra , Ray Chaudhuri K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the long-term, real-life effects on non-motor symptoms (NMS) of opicapone compared to entacapone in levodopa-treated people with Parkinson’s disease (PwP).

Methods
A retrospective data analysis, with pre- and post-opicapone initiation data of 17 PwP with motor fluctuations compared to a comparable group of 18 PwP introduced on entacapone. The primary outcome was changes in the NMS Scale (NMSS) total score after 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in the NMSS domains, and Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) total and item scores after the same time span.

Results
Groups were comparable for baseline demographics and Parkinson’s-related features (p ≥ 0.314) as well as duration of follow-up (1.33 ± 0.66 years for PwP on opicapone and 1.23 ± 0.49 years for those on entacapone; p = 0.858). PwP who were introduced on opicapone showed no changes in NMSS and PDSS total scores after 1 year (p = 0.605 and p = 0.507, respectively), whereas PwP who were introduced on entacapone showed significant worsening of NMSS and PDSS total scores at follow-up (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). In neither group changes in individual NMSS domains from baseline to follow-up were observed (p ≥ 0.288 for entacapone and p ≥ 0.816 for opicapone, respectively). In PwP on entacapone significant worsening was seen in the distressing dreams, hallucinations, and limb numbness items of the PDSS (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
Introduction of opicapone in real-life PwP with motor fluctuations seems to stabilise NMS burden and aspects of sleep dysfunction, in contrast to entacapone where there was a worsening of NMS burden and PDSS scores over 1 year follow-up.
Lossy Image Compression in a Preclinical Multimodal Imaging Study
Authors: Cunha Francisco F. , Blüml Valentin , Zopf Lydia M. , Walter Andreas , Wagner Michael , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Thomaz Lucas A. , Tavora Luís M. N. , da Silva Cruz Luis A. , Faria Sergio M. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe growing use of multimodal high-resolution volumetric data in pre-clinical studies leads to challenges related to the management and handling of the large amount of these datasets. Contrarily to the clinical context, currently there are no standard guidelines to regulate the use of image compression in pre-clinical contexts as a potential alleviation of this problem. In this work, the authors study the application of lossy image coding to compress high-resolution volumetric biomedical data. The impact of compression on the metrics and interpretation of volumetric data was quantified for a correlated multimodal imaging study to characterize murine tumor vasculature, using volumetric high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM), micro-computed tomography (µCT), and micro-magnetic resonance imaging (µMRI). The effects of compression were assessed by measuring task-specific performances of several biomedical experts who interpreted and labeled multiple data volumes compressed at different degrees. We defined trade-offs between data volume reduction and preservation of visual information, which ensured the preservation of relevant vasculature morphology at maximum compression efficiency across scales. Using the Jaccard Index (JI) and the average Hausdorff Distance (HD) after vasculature segmentation, we could demonstrate that, in this study, compression that yields to a 256-fold reduction of the data size allowed to keep the error induced by compression below the inter-observer variability, with minimal impact on the assessment of the tumor vasculature across scales.
Why should we care about social media codes of conduct in healthcare organisations? A systematic literature review
Authors: Galea Gitte , Chugh Ritesh , Luck Jo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The conduct of healthcare organisation employees on social media can impact both their personal reputation and that of the organisation. However, social media has blurred the lines between professional and personal communication, and what is acceptable and ethical conduct is not always clear. Furthermore, the global COVID-19 pandemic has changed how healthcare organisations and their employees approach the use of social media, expediting the need to ensure that employees communicating health-related information adhere to employee codes of conduct.

Aims
This review aims to investigate the challenges associated with healthcare organisation employees’ use of social media for sharing health-related information, identify the crucial elements for inclusion in social media codes of conduct for healthcare organisations, and examine the enablers for good codes of conduct.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature from six research database platforms on articles related to codes of conduct addressing the use of social media for healthcare organisation employees was conducted. The screening process yielded 52 articles.

Results
The key finding in this review focuses on privacy, protecting both patients and healthcare organisation employees. While maintaining separate professional and personal social media accounts is a much-discussed approach, training and education on social media codes of conduct can clarify acceptable behaviour both personally and professionally.

Conclusion
The results raise essential questions about healthcare organisation employees’ use of social media. It is evident that organisational support and a constructive culture will enable healthcare organisations to fully realise the benefits of using social media.
Limited memory restarted ℓp-ℓq minimization methods using generalized Krylov subspaces
Authors: Buccini Alessandro , Reichel Lothar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRegularization of certain linear discrete ill-posed problems, as well as of certain regression problems, can be formulated as large-scale, possibly nonconvex, minimization problems, whose objective function is the sum of the p th power of the ℓp-norm of a fidelity term and the q th power of the ℓq-norm of a regularization term, with 0 < p,q ≤ 2. We describe new restarted iterative solution methods that require less computer storage and execution time than the methods described by Huang et al. (BIT Numer. Math. 57,351–378, 14). The reduction in computer storage and execution time is achieved by periodic restarts of the method. Computed examples illustrate that restarting does not reduce the quality of the computed solutions.
Relationship Between Breast Cancer Risk and Polymorphisms in CLOCK Gene: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shi Yi , Wu Lixing , Ji Xuenian , Li Yunru , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious studies found that the circadian clock gene participated in the genesis and development of breast cancer. However, research findings on the relationship between polymorphisms in the CLOCK gene and breast cancer risk were inconsistent. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association between CLOCK gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the association between CLOCK gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk from inception to February 14, 2022. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. For statistical analysis, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using STATA 14.0. In addition, publication bias was performed by the funnel diagram and the Harbord’s regression test. And sensitivity analysis was assessed by the trim and fill method. A total of 6 eligible studies, including 10,164 subjects (5488 breast cancer cases and 4676 controls), were screened in this meta-analysis. Though we did not find a significant association between the polymorphisms in the overall CLOCK gene with breast cancer risk [OR (95%CI) = 0.98 (0.96, 1.01), P = 0.148], we found that compared with T/T types of rs3749474 in CLOCK, T/C and C/C types of rs3749474 were associated with lower risk of breast cancer [OR (95%CI) = 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), P = 0.003]. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. The funnel plot showed no significant publication bias. Polymorphisms in the CLOCK gene might be associated with breast cancer risk. More studies are needed to confirm the conclusion.
Reflections on the Scientific Legacy of Sergej S. Zilitinkevich on PBL and Urban Parameterizations in NWP Models
Authors: Bornstein Robert D. , Baklanov Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper summarizes many of the scientific achievements of Professor Sergej S. Zilitinkevich (1936–2021). It first focuses on his basic and applied atmospheric boundary layer research contributions. It then reviews their applications within research and operational numerical weather prediction and air quality modeling, showing their contribution to solving modeling problems related to extremely-stable and -unstable boundary layers.
University managers or institutional leaders? An exploration of top-level leadership in Chinese universities
Authors: Ruan Jieyu , Cai Yuzhuo , Stensaker Bjørn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn China, higher education institutions (HEIs) have a governance arrangement in which the university president and the party secretary occupy key roles. However, their legal roles as institutional leaders are vaguely specified in existing legal frameworks. Based on a four-dimensional theoretical model, this paper (i) clarifies the leadership roles in the dual governance structure, (ii) explores how HEI leaders (i.e. presidents and party secretaries) perceive their leadership, and (iii) applies the unique Chinese practices as a valuable test bed for critical reflections on how existing theoretical models of leadership are relevant in Chinese contexts. Through in-depth interviews with six top-level leaders from six Chinese public HEIs, our findings indicate that Chinese HEI leaders apply more structural than symbolic dimensions in their leadership practices. Whereas studies on institutional leadership conducted outside China tend to highlight the symbolic dimensions of leadership practices, our study suggests that top-level Chinese HEI leaders may assume the role of university managers rather than institutional leaders. We offer some reflections on the relevance of existing theoretical models of leadership and suggest the directions for further theoretical enhancement.