bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D radiative transfer modelling and virial analysis of starless cores in the B10 region of the Taurus molecular cloud
Authors: Scibelli Samantha , Shirley Yancy , Schmiedeke Anika , Svoboda Brian , Singh Ayushi , Lilly James , Caselli Paola 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Low-mass stars like our Sun begin their evolution within cold (10 K) and dense (∼105 cm−3) cores of gas and dust. The physical structure of starless cores is best probed by thermal emission of dust grains. We present a high-resolution dust continuum study of the starless cores in the B10 region of the Taurus Molecular Cloud. New observations at 1.2 and 2.0 mm (12 and 18 arcsec resolution) with the NIKA2 instrument on the IRAM 30m have probed the inner regions of 14 low-mass starless cores. We perform sophisticated 3D radiative transfer modelling for each of these cores through the radiative transfer framework pandora, which utilizes RADMC-3D. Model best-fits constrain each cores’ central density, density slope, aspect ratio, opacity, and interstellar radiation field strength. These ‘typical’ cores in B10 span central densities from 5 × 104 to 1 × 106 cm−3, with a mean value of 2.6 × 105 cm−3. We find the dust opacity laws assumed in the 3D modelling, as well as the estimates from Herschel, have dust emissivity indices, β’s, on the lower end of the distribution constrained directly from the NIKA2 maps, which averages to β = 2.01 ± 0.48. From our 3D density structures and archival NH3 data, we perform a self-consistent virial analysis to assess each core’s stability. Ignoring magnetic field contributions, we find nine out of the 14 cores (64 per cent) are either in virial equilibrium or are bound by gravity and external pressure. To push the bounded cores back to equilibrium, an effective magnetic field difference of only ∼15 $\mu$G is needed.
The energetic particle environment of a GJ 436 b-like planet
Authors: Rodgers-Lee D , Rimmer P B , Vidotto A A , Louca A J , Taylor A M , Mesquita A L , Miguel Y , Venot O , Helling C , Barth P , Lacy E 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTA key first step to constrain the impact of energetic particles in exoplanet atmospheres is to detect the chemical signature of ionization due to stellar energetic particles and Galactic cosmic rays. We focus on GJ 436, a well-studied M dwarf with a warm Neptune-like exoplanet. We demonstrate how the maximum stellar energetic particle momentum can be estimated from the stellar X-ray luminosity. We model energetic particle transport through the atmosphere of a hypothetical exoplanet at orbital distances between $a=0.01\text{ and }0.2\,$au from GJ 436, including GJ 436 b’s orbital distance (0.028 au). For these distances, we find that, at the top of atmosphere, stellar energetic particles ionize molecular hydrogen at a rate of $\zeta _{\rm StEP,H_2} \sim 4\times 10^{-10}\text{ to }2\times 10^{-13}\, \mathrm{s^{-1}}$. In comparison, Galactic cosmic rays alone lead to $\zeta _{\rm GCR, H_2}\sim 2\times 10^{-20}\!-\!10^{-18} \, \mathrm{s^{-1}}$. At 10 au, we find that ionization due to Galactic cosmic rays equals that of stellar energetic particles: $\zeta _{\rm GCR,H_2} = \zeta _{\rm StEP,H_2} \sim 7\times 10^{-18}\, \rm {s^{-1}}$ for the top-of-atmosphere ionization rate. At GJ 436 b’s orbital distance, the maximum ion-pair production rate due to stellar energetic particles occurs at pressure $P\sim 10^{-3}\,$bar, while Galactic cosmic rays dominate for $P\gt 10^2\,$bar. These high pressures are similar to what is expected for a post-impact early Earth atmosphere. The results presented here will be used to quantify the chemical signatures of energetic particles in warm Neptune-like atmospheres.
Jupiter’s equatorial X-ray emissions over two solar cycles
Authors: Wibisono A D , Branduardi-Raymont G , Coates A J , Dunn W R , French R J 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTJupiter’s disc is bright in X-rays as H2 molecules in the atmosphere are very effective at scattering solar X-rays. K-shell fluorescence from carbon atoms in atmospheric methane is thought to also provide a minor contribution. XMM–Newton has now observed Jupiter over a span of nearly two solar cycles from 2003 to 2021, offering the opportunity to determine whether Jupiter’s disc emissions are driven by solar activity or not. We compare the count rates of X-rays of energies 0.2–10.0, 0.2–2.0, 2.1–5.0, and 5.1–10.0 keV from the planet’s equatorial region, with the sunspot number and F10.7 adjusted solar radio flux. The respective Pearson’s correlation coefficients for both are 0.88/0.84, 0.86/0.83, 0.40/0.34, and 0.29/0.22 for each energy demonstrating that the low-energy X-ray disc emissions are indeed controlled by the Sun’s activity. This relationship is less clear for the higher energy emissions, raising questions around the source of these emissions.
A detailed analysis of X-ray emission-line velocities of Capella from over 20 yr of Chandra/HETG spectroscopy
Authors: Bozzo E , Huenemoerder D P , Produit N , Falanga M , Paltani S , Costantini E 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Capella is the brightest chromospherically active binary in the sky, hosting a cooler G8III giant (Aa) and a hotter G1III companion (Ab). The source has been extensively observed in the X-rays in the past decades not only for its astrophysical interest in the field of corona sources, but also for in-flight calibrations of space-based X-ray instruments. In 2006, it was demonstrated using Chandra/High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) observations that Aa is the main contributor to Capella’s X-ray emission, as the centroid energies of the emission lines are Doppler shifted along the orbit of the G8III giant (an aspect that has to be taken into consideration for calibration activities of X-ray instruments). In this paper, we extend the previous analysis performed in 2006 by re-analysing in a homogeneous way all Chandra/HETG observations performed in the direction of Capella. By doubling the amount of data available, we strengthened the conclusion that Capella Aa is the dominant emitter in soft X-rays. We did not find any evidence of a statistically significant contribution to this emission by the Ab giant. Our findings are discussed also in light of the incoming launch of the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) mission (spring 2023).
Effects of folate on telomere length and chromosome stability of human fibroblasts and melanoma cells in vitro: a comparison of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
Authors: Wang Han , Ni Juan , Guo Xihan , Xue Jinglun , Wang Xu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Telomere length (TL), which is maintained by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; component of telomerase) and/or TRF1/TRF2 (core components of shelterin) via different mechanisms, is essential for chromosomal stability and cell survival. Folates comprise a group of essential B9 vitamin that involve in DNA synthesis and methylation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MeTHF) on TL, chromosome stability, and cell survival of telomerase-negative BJ and telomerase-positive A375 cells in vitro. BJ and A375 cells were cultured in modified medium with FA or 5-MeTHF (22.6 or 2260 nM) for 28 days. TL and mRNA expression were determined by RT-qPCR. Chromosome instability (CIN) and cell death were measured by CBMN-Cyt assay. Results showed that abnormal TL elongation was observed in FA and 5-MeTHF deficient BJ cells. The TL of A375 cells showed no obvious alterations under the FA-deficient condition but was significantly elongated under the 5-MeTHF-deficient condition. In both BJ and A375 cells, FA and 5-MeTHF deficiency caused decreased TRF1, TRF2, and hTERT expression, increased CIN and cell death; while a high concentration of 5-MeTHF induced elongated TL, elevated CIN, increased TRF1 and TRF2 expression and decreased hTERT expression, when compared with the FA counterpart. These findings concluded that folate deficiency induced TL instability in both telomerase-negative and -positive cells, and FA was more efficient in maintaining TL and chromosome stability compared with 5-MeTHF.
Industry survey of added vitamins and trace minerals in U.S. swine diets
Authors: Faccin Jamil E G , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom November 2021 to February 2022, 37 swine nutritionists representing 29 production systems and 8 nutrition supplier companies in the United States were surveyed about added vitamin and trace mineral concentrations in swine diets. Respondents were asked to provide vitamin premix and trace mineral concentrations, inclusion rates, and weight ranges associated with feeding phases. Survey participants represented 4.38 million sows, or 72% of the U.S. industry. Data were compiled into three nursery phases (phase 1, weaning to 7 kg; phase 2, 7 to 11 kg; and phase 3, 11 to 23 kg), three finishing phases (23 to 55 kg; 55 to 100 kg; 100 kg to market), gilt development, gestation, lactation, and boar. Within each dietary phase, the vitamins and trace minerals of interest included: vitamins A, D, E, and K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, vitamin C, carnitine, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc, cobalt, and chromium. Descriptive statistics used included: average, weighted average (determined by the total number of sows represented), median, minimum, maximum, 25th percentile (lowest quartile), and 75th percentile (highest quartile). In addition, all average supplementation rates for vitamins and trace minerals within each phase of production were compared to the requirement estimates reported in the NRC (2012). Nutritionists generally supplemented vitamins and trace minerals well above the NRC (2012) requirement estimates. However, great variation among respondents was observed in all vitamins and trace minerals, particularly in the fat-soluble vitamins. Also, the use of alternative sources of vitamin D [25(OH)D3], E (natural, d-alpha-tocopherol), and organic or chelated minerals like copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc were being used by approximately 40% of the respondents, primarily in breeding herd and nursery diets. Understanding current supplementation practices may help develop research trials to test different vitamin and trace mineral inclusions and provide an industry benchmark of vitamin and trace mineral usage.
Challenges in the management of relapsed germ cell tumors
Authors: Salous Tareq , Adra Nabil 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Despite the remarkable advances in the treatment of germ cell tumors (GCTs), a significant number of patients relapse after first line treatment. This review aims to highlight the challenges in management of relapsed GCT, discuss treatment options, and review novel therapeutics in development.

Recent findings
Patients with relapsed disease after first line cisplatin-based chemotherapy can still be cured and should be referred to centers with expertise in GCTs. Patients with anatomically confined relapse should be considered for salvage surgery. The systemic treatment of patients with disseminated disease at the time of relapse after first line treatment remains unsettled. Treatment options include using salvage standard-dose cisplatin-based regimens with drugs not previously used or high-dose chemotherapy. Patients who relapse after salvage chemotherapy have poor outcomes and development of novel treatment options is required in this setting.

Summary
Management of patients with relapsed GCT requires a multidisciplinary approach. Patients should be preferably evaluated at tertiary care centers with expertise in the management of these patients. There remains a subset of patients who relapse after salvage therapy and development of novel therapeutic approaches is needed in this setting.
Molecular testing of DNA damage response pathways in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Patel Lalit , Pritchard Colin C. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Personalizing prostate cancer therapy requires germline and tumor molecular tests that predict who will respond to specific treatments and who may not. The review covers molecular testing of DNA damage response pathways, the first biomarker-driven precision target with clinical utility for treatment selection in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Recent findings
Recurrent somatic and germline variants cause deficiency of the mismatch repair (MMR) or homologous recombination (HR) pathways in about a quarter of CRPC patients. In prospective clinical trials, patients with deleterious variants in the MMR pathway more frequently experience a therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Similarly, somatic and germline events affecting HR predict response to poly(ADP) ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapy. Molecular testing of these pathways currently involves assaying for loss of function variants in individual genes and for the genome-wide consequences of repair deficiency.

Summary
DNA damage response pathways are the first major area of molecular genetic testing in CRPC settings and offer insights into this new paradigm. Our hope is that eventually an arsenal of molecularly-guided therapies will be developed across many pathways to enable precision medicine options for most men with prostate cancer.
Liquid biopsy in head neck cancer: ready for clinical routine diagnostics?
Authors: Tinhofer Ingeborg , Staudte Stephanie , George Stephen 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of reviewThe bodily fluids of patients with solid cancers representing a minimally-invasive source of clinically exploitable biomarkers have attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years. In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) belongs to the most promising liquid biomarkers for monitoring disease burden and identifying patients at high risk of recurrence. In this review, we highlight recent studies, evaluating the analytical validity and clinical utility of ctDNA as a dynamic biomarker in HNSCC, especially as it relates to risk stratification and contrasting human papilloma virus (HPV+ and HPV-) and carcinomas.Recent findingsThe clinical potential of minimal residual disease monitoring through viral ctDNA in identifying HPV+ oropharyngeal carcinoma patients at higher risk of recurrence has recently been demonstrated. Furthermore, accumulating evidence supports a potential diagnostic value of ctDNA dynamics in HPV-negative HNSCC. Altogether, recent data suggest that ctDNA analysis may be a valuable tool in guiding (de)escalation of surgical interventions as well as adaptation in radiotherapy dosage, both in the definitive and adjuvant settings.SummaryRigorous clinical trials with patient-relevant endpoints are critical in order to demonstrate that treatment decisions based on ctDNA dynamics result in better outcomes in HNSCC.
Chemotherapy postimmunotherapy for recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ducoulombier Agnes , Guigay Joel , Etienne-Grimaldi Marie-Christine , Saada-Bouzid Esma 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Clinical data on salvage chemotherapy used after checkpoints inhibitors in oncology are reviewed, with a special focus on recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC).

Recent findings
Converging evidence is emerging about high response and/or disease control rates associated with salvage chemotherapy after immunotherapy failure in advanced solid tumours. This phenomenon is mainly reported in retrospective studies for “hot tumours” such as R/M HNSCC, melanoma, lung, urothelial or gastric cancers, but also in haematological malignancies. Some physiopathological hypotheses have been raised.

Summary
Several independent series show increased response rates associated with postimmuno chemotherapy when compared with retrospective series in similar settings. Several mechanisms could be involved such as a “carry-over” allowed by a persistence of the checkpoint inhibitor, a modulation of tumour microenvironment components but also an intrinsic immunomodulatory effect of chemotherapy, increased by a specific immunologic state induced by the therapeutic pressure of checkpoint inhibitors. These data establish a rationale for prospectively evaluating the features of postimmunotherapy salvage chemotherapy.
How to prevent human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer?
Authors: Ferrando-Díez Angelica , Pavón Miguel Angel , Cirauqui Beatriz , Alemany Laia , Mesía Ricard 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible of the increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in high-income countries. This significant epidemiological change requires several and diverse prevention strategies.

Recent findings
The cervical cancer prevention model is the paradigm of HPV-related cancer, and its success provides encouragement for the development of similar methods to prevent HPV-related OPSCC. However, there are some limitations that hinder its application in this disease. Here, we review the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of HPV-related OPSCC and discuss some directions for future research.

Summary
The development of new and targeted strategies to prevent HPV-related OPSCC is needed since they could definitely have a direct impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Targeting Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog in head and neck cancer: how to move forward?
Authors: Ben Yahia Hédi , Petit François M. , Saada-Bouzid Esma 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Despite recent advances, treatment personalization remains an issue for recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RM HNSCC) patients. After human papilloma virus (HPV) and programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) appears as an emerging target in this field. In this review, we summarize the features of HRAS-mutated HNSCC and its targeting by farnesyl transferase inhibitors.

Recent findings

HRAS mutations define a small subgroup of RM HNSCC patients with a poor prognosis and often refractory to the standard treatments. Posttranslational processing of HRAS being dependent on farnesylation, farnesyl transferase inhibitors have been evaluated in HRAS-mutated tumors. Tipifarnib, a first in class farnesyl transferase inhibitor, has shown efficacy in phase 2 trials with HRAS-mutated tumors. Despite reported high response rates in selected population, the efficacy of Tipifarnib is inconsistent and always transient, probably because of limiting hematological toxicities leading to dose reduction and occurrence of secondary resistance mutations.

Summary
Tipifarnib is the first in the class of farnesyl transferase inhibitors to show efficacy in HRAS-mutated RM HNSCC. The understanding of mechanisms of resistance will pave the way for the design of second-generation farnesyl transferases inhibitors.
CenTauR: Towards a Universal Scale and Masks for Standardizing Tau Imaging Studies
Authors: Villemagne Victor L. , Leuzy Antoine , Bohorquez Sandra Sanabria , Bullich Santiago , Shimada Hitoshi , Rowe Christopher C. , Bourgeat Pierrick , Lopresti Brian , Huang Kun , Krishnadas Natasha , Fripp Jurgen , Takado Yuhei , Gogola Alexandra , Minhas Davneet , Weimer Robby , Higuchi Makoto , Stephens Andrew , Hansson Oskar , Doré Vincent ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the AIBL research group
Published: March 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRecently, an increasing number of tau tracers have become available. There is a need to standardize quantitative tau measures across tracers, supporting a universal scale. We developed several cortical tau masks and applied them to generate a tau imaging universal scale.METHOD1045 participants underwent tau scans with either18F-Flortaucipir,18F-MK6240,18F-PI2620,18F-PM-PBB3,18F-GTP1 or18F-RO948. The mask was generated from cognitively unimpaired Aβ-subjects and AD patients with Aβ+. Four additional regional cortical masks were defined within the constraints of the global mask. A universal scale, the CenTauRz, was constructed.RESULTSNone of the regions known to display off-target signal were included in the masks. The CenTauRzallows robustly discrimination between low and high levels of tau deposits.DISCUSSIONWe constructed several tau-specific cortical masks*for the AD continuum and a universal standard scale designed to capture the location and degree of abnormality that can be applied across tracers and across centres.Research in ContextSystematic review:The authors reviewed the literature using traditional (e.g., PubMed) sources and meeting abstracts and presentations. While the use of tau PET imaging rapidly increased in research and in clinical trials over the past few years, there is no standardization pipeline for the quantification of tau imaging across tau tracers and quantification software.Interpretation:We built a global and several regional universal masks for the sampling of tau PET scans based on the most commonly used tau PET tracers. We then derived a universal scale across tracers, the CenTauRz, to measure the tau signal.Future directions:Standardised quantification will facilitate the derivation of universal cut-off values, merging of large cohorts, and comparison of longitudinal changes across tracers and cohorts both in clinical studies and therapeutic trials.