bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of continuous‐flow mechanical circulatory support on cerebrospinal fluid motility
Authors: Rose William , Throckmorton Amy L. , Heintzelman Briana , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMechanical circulatory support (MCS), including ventricular assist devices (VADs), have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives for end‐stage congestive heart failure (CHF). The latest generation of these devices are continuous flow (CF) blood pumps. While there have been demonstrated benefits to patient outcomes due to CF‐MCS, there continue to be significant clinical challenges. Research to‐date has concentrated on mitigating thromboembolic risk (stroke), while the downstream impact of CF‐MCS on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow has not been well investigated. Disturbances in the CSF pressure and flow patterns are known to be associated with neurologic impairment and diseased states. Thus, here we seek to develop an understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of CF‐MCS on CSF dynamics.MethodsWe built and validated a computational framework using lumped parameter modeling of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular physics, CSF dynamics, and autoregulation. A sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm robustness of the modeling framework. Then, we characterized the impact of CF‐MCS on the CSF and investigated cardiovascular conditions of healthy and end‐stage heart failure.ResultsModeling results demonstrated appropriate hemodynamics and indicated that CSF pressure depends on blood flow pulsatility more than CSF flow. An acute equilibrium between CSF production and absorption was observed in the CF‐MCS case, characterized by CSF pressure remaining elevated, and CSF flow rates remaining below healthy, but higher than CHF states.ConclusionThis research has advanced our understanding of the impact of CF‐MCS on CSF dynamics and cerebral hemodynamics.
Increased R‐spondin 3 contributes to aerobic exercise‐induced protection against renal vascular endothelial hyperpermeability and acute kidney injury
Authors: Xu Qing‐Feng , Zhang Hui , Zhao Ying , Liu Di , Wei Juan , Jiang Lai , Liu Yu‐Jian , Zhu Xiao‐Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimExercise training exerts protective effects against sepsis‐associated multiple organ dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether aerobic exercise protected against sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) via modulating R‐spondin 3 (RSPO3) expression.MethodsTo investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced AKI, LPS (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected after six weeks of treadmill training. To investigate the role of RSPO3 in LPS‐induced AKI, wild‐type (WT) or inducible endothelial cell‐specific RSPO3 knockout (RSPO3EC−/−) mice were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg LPS. RSPO3 was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before LPS treatment.ResultsAerobic exercise‐trained mice were more resistant to LPS‐induced body weight loss and hypothermia and had a significant higher survival rate than sedentary mice exposed to LPS. Exercise training restored the LPS‐induced decreases in serum and renal RSPO3 levels. Exercise or RSPO3 attenuated, whereas inducible endothelial cell‐specific RSPO3 knockout exacerbated LPS‐induced renal glycocalyx loss, endothelial hyperpermeability, inflammation, and AKI. Bioinformatics analysis results revealed significant increases in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in kidney tissues of mice exposed to sepsis or endotoxaemia, which was validated in renal tissue from LPS‐exposed mice and LPS‐treated human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Both RSPO3 and MMPs inhibitor restored LPS‐induced downregulation of tight junction protein, adherens junction protein, and glycocalyx components, thus ameliorating LPS‐induced endothelial leakage. Exercise or RSPO3 reversed LPS‐induced upregulation of MMPs in renal tissues.ConclusionIncreased renal expression of RSPO3 contributes to aerobic exercise‐induced protection against LPS‐induced renal endothelial hyperpermeability and AKI by suppressing MMPs‐mediated disruption of glycocalyx and tight and adherens junctions.
Is your pain my pain? A study exploring the relation between pain sensitivity, pain thresholds and empathy for somatic and psychological pain
Authors: Flasbeck Vera , Matthiessen Annegret , Alabowitz Anne , Rusu Adina Carmen , Brüne Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesResearch has shown that empathy for both somatic and psychological pain recruits affective components of the so‐called pain matrix, a set of brain regions that is activated during the perception of somatic pain. In addition, the subjective evaluation of experimentally induced somatic pain is related to empathy for somatic pain. In contrast, it is unclear whether or not the subjective sensitivity to somatic pain impacts on empathy for psychological pain.MethodsIn the present study, 55 healthy participants conducted a pain‐pressure‐test (PPT) and a cold‐pressor test (CPT) in order to assess pain thresholds, pain tolerance and evaluation of pain during the task. They further conducted the social interaction empathy task (SIET), which investigates empathy for somatic as well as psychological pain. All participants completed the interpersonal‐reactivity index (IRI) and the pain‐sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ).ResultsParticipants who are in general more sensitive to somatic pain, as indicated by high‐PSQ scores, showed higher empathy, that is, higher pain ratings, for both somatic and psychological painful situations observed in others as compared to those with low‐PSQ scores. High‐PSQ scores and high pain and unpleasantness ratings during the CPT were correlated with empathy for pain (both pain conditions), whereas pain thresholds (PPT) and pain tolerance thresholds (CPT) did not correlate with empathy. The IRI subscore ‘personal distress’ correlated with psychological pain ratings.ConclusionsThus, empathy for both somatic and psychological pain were related to the subjective evaluation of somatic pain and general pain sensitivity.
Molecular insights into orphan G protein‐coupled receptors relevant to schizophrenia
Authors: Lu Yao , Hatzipantelis Cassandra J. , Langmead Christopher J. , Stewart Gregory D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia remains a sizable socio‐economic burden that continues to be treated with therapeutics based on 70‐year old science. All currently approved therapeutics primarily target the dopamine D2 receptor to achieve their efficacy. Whilst dopaminergic dysregulation is a key feature in this disorder, the targeting of dopaminergic machinery has yielded limited efficacy and an appreciable side effect burden. Over the recent decades, numerous drugs that engage non‐dopaminergic G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have yielded a promise of efficacy without the deleterious side effect profile, yet none have successfully completed clinical studies and progressed to the market. More recently, there has been increased attention around non‐dopaminergic GPCR‐targeting drugs, which demonstrated efficacy in some schizophrenia symptom domains. This provides renewed hope that effective schizophrenia treatment may lie outside of the dopaminergic space. Despite the potential for muscarinic receptor‐ (and other well‐characterised GPCR families) targeting drugs to treat schizophrenia, they are often plagued with complications such as lack of receptor subtype selectivity and peripheral on‐target side effects. Orphan GPCR studies have opened a new avenue of exploration with many demonstrating schizophrenia‐relevant mechanisms and a favourable expression profile, thus offering potential for novel drug development. This review discusses centrally expressed orphan GPCRs: GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, GPR52, GPR85, GPR88 and GPR139 and their relationship to schizophrenia. We review their expression, signalling mechanisms and cellular function, in conjunction with small molecule development and structural insights. We seek to provide a snapshot of the growing evidence and development potential of new classes of schizophrenia therapeutics.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Attitudes toward cancer screening in regional Japan during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An anonymous survey
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Orisaka Makoto , Hirose Hiroaki , Miyashita Hirofumi , Yamada Shizuka , Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Shinagawa Akiko , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has raised concerns about the impact of delayed health check‐ups and cancer screenings on cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of cancer patients on future screening measures during the pandemic in rural Japan. An anonymized open‐data survey was undertaken in Fukui Prefecture, a rural region of Japan, in 2021. Participants were asked about their cancer screening history, screening frequency during the pandemic, and reasons for not undergoing screening. Among the 1262 respondents, the proportion of patients who underwent cancer screening in 2020 during the pandemic was similar to the proportion who underwent regular (annual or biannual) screening in 2019 before the pandemic. Of those who underwent regular screening, 82% still underwent screening in 2020, while only 21% of those who had irregular screenings. The number of respondents who believed they were healthy and did not require screening increased over time, possibly due to restrictions on going out and refraining from activities during the pandemic. This study in rural Japan found that regular cancer screening prior to the pandemic was associated with a more positive attitude toward screening during the pandemic. Raising awareness about the importance of cancer screening and encouraging participation is crucial for promoting positive attitudes in the future. The findings highlight the need for continued efforts to ensure access to screening services during the pandemic and future public health emergencies.
Syringic acid suppresses ferroptosis of skeletal muscle cells to alleviate lower limb ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via the HMGB1 pathway
Authors: Wang Fengdan , Qi Yanqing , Gao Yakun , Wang Zhifang , Shen Xiaowei , Wu Hongyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) of skeletal muscle in the lower limbs is an important factor affecting the outcome of lower limbs ischemia patients, with no effective preventive or therapeutic approaches available. The study was to investigate the effect of syringic acid (SA) on I/R skeletal muscle in the lower limbs injury. Mice femoral artery I/R models and C2C12 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models was establish, tissue damage, inflammatory status, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) pathway were evaluated using histological analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. Further, the study detected the effect of SA on cell apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, Fe2+ level, and ferroptosis‐related proteins expression. Finally, the effect of HMGB1 expression on SA in H/R stimulation was studied. SA alleviated pathological damage and reduced levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in muscle tissues from femoral artery I/R mouse models. SA upregulated Bcl‐2 and SOD as well as downregulated Bax, MDA, TBARS content, and Fe2+ level in H/R‐induced cells. SA inhibited HMGB1 expression and promoted Nrf2, HO‐1, GPX4, and SLC7A11 expressions in the injured tissues and cells. Such effects of SA on H/R‐induced cells were rescued by HMGB1 overexpression. SA suppressed ferroptosis of skeletal muscle cells to alleviate lower limb I/R injury in mice by blocking the HMGB1 pathway, providing new insights for the treatment of lower limb ischemia–reperfusion injury.
The in‐vitro accuracy of fiducial marker‐based versus markerless registration of an intraoral scan with a cone‐beam computed tomography scan in the presence of restoration artifact
Authors: Biun John , Dudhia Raahib , Arora Himanshu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of restoration artifact (‘metal artifact’) on registration accuracy of an intraoral scan and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, comparing fiducial marker‐based registration with markerless registration.Materials and methodsA maxillary model was fitted with multiple configurations of zirconia crowns to simulate various states of oral rehabilitation. Intraoral scans and CBCT scans (half and full rotation) were acquired. Registration was performed using markerless (point‐based registration with surface‐based refinement) and fiducial marker‐based registration. Each experimental condition was repeated 10 times (n = 320). The absolute deviation was measured at the canines and first molars, and the average and maximum values were analysed using multiple linear regression.ResultsR2 was 0.874 for average error and 0.858 for maximum error. For markerless registration, there were 0.041 mm (p < .001) and 0.045 mm (p < .001) increases in average and maximum error per crown, respectively. For fiducial marker‐based registration, the effect of additional crowns was not statistically significant for average (p = .067) or maximum (p = .438) error. For a full arch of crowns, the regression model predicted average and maximum errors of 0.581 and 0.697 mm for the markerless technique, and 0.185 and 0.210 mm for the fiducial marker‐based technique. Overall, the fiducial marker‐based technique was more accurate for four or more crowns. The half rotation scan increased average error by 0.021 mm (p = .001) and maximum error by 0.029 mm (p < .001).ConclusionsUnder the present study's experimental conditions, the fiducial marker‐based technique should be considered if four or more full‐coverage highly radiopaque restorations are present.
Programme for prevention of foot dermatoses in patients with work‐related skin diseases: Baseline data and first results of a prospective cohort study (OCCUPES)
Authors: Brans Richard , John Swen Malte , Wilke Annika , Hübner Anja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgrammes for prevention of hand dermatoses in patients with work‐related skin diseases (WRSD) are well established. Similar interventions for foot dermatoses (FD) are widely missing.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a programme for prevention of FD based on health education in patients with WRSD while investigating the impact and possible causative factors of FD.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study (OCCUPES), 231 patients with WRSD and FD participating in the programme were recruited. The skin was examined and questionnaires were completed, including assessment of footwear, FD severity, symptoms and health‐related quality of life.ResultsThe baseline and some early results are presented. A work‐related causation of FD was likely in 60 patients (26.0%) with irritant contact dermatitis being the most frequent diagnosis. Work‐related FD were associated with male sex (p = 0.012), sweating in footwear (p = 0.004) and wearing of safety footwear (p = 0.013). FD were often long‐lasting with a high degree of work‐absenteeism, quality of life impairment, itch and pain, particularly in work‐related FD.ConclusionsInterventions are needed to reduce the burden of FD in patients with WRSD. The programme addresses current shortcomings in prevention of FD. A long‐term evaluation of its effectiveness follows.
Serum iron levels in tuberculosis patients and household contacts and its association with natural resistance‐associated macrophage protein 1 polymorphism and expression
Authors: Waworuntu Wiendra , Tanoerahardjo Francisca Srioetami , Mallongi Anwar , Ahmad Ahyar , Amin Muhammad , Djaharuddin Irawaty , Bukhari Agussalim , Tabri Nur Ahmad , Bahar Burhanuddin , Hidayah Najdah , Halik Handayani , Massi Muhammad Nasrum 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency can impair immune function, increasing tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility and severity. The research aimed to investigate iron deficiency anemia in TB patients and household contacts and its association with natural resistance‐associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) polymorphism and expression.MethodsThe levels of iron, ferritin, and transferrin were measured in the serum by ELISA (Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay). NRAMP1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. NRAMP1 gene expression was measured by real‐time PCR. Interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) checked on household contacts to screen household contacts with positive IGRA as the control.ResultsThis study involved 35 TB cases and 35 TB contacts. The results showed that the serum Fe levels were found to be lower in the TB case group (median 149.6 μmol/L) than in the positive IGRA household contacts group (median 628.53 μmol/L) with a p‐value <0.001. Meanwhile, ferritin levels in TB cases tended to be higher, in contrast to transferrin, which was found to tend to be lower in TB cases than household contacts but did not show a significant difference. This study found no association between the polymorphism of exon 15 D543 and active TB. However, NRAMP1 gene expression was lower in TB cases than in positive IGRA household contacts (p = 0.011). Besides, there was a positive correlation between NRAMP1 gene expression and serum Fe levels (r = 0.367, p = 0.006). TB was associated with decreased NRAMP1 gene expression (OR 0.086 95% CI 0.02–0.366, p = 0.001). Besides, TB was associated with low Fe levels (OR 0.533 95% CI 0.453–0.629, p < 0.001).ConclusionComparing the TB case to the household contacts group, decreased serum Fe levels were discovered in the TB case group. This study also shows a correlation of NRAMP1 gene expression to Fe levels in TB patients and household contacts and describes that TB may lead to decreased Fe levels by downregulating NRAMP1 expression.
Will passive acoustic monitoring make result‐based payments more attractive? A cost comparison with human observation for farmland bird monitoring
Authors: Markova‐Nenova Nonka , Engler Jan O. , Cord Anna F. , Wätzold Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResult‐based payments (RBPs) reward land users for conservation outcomes and are a promising alternative to standard payments, which are targeted at specific land use measures. A major barrier to the implementation of RBPs, particularly for the conservation of mobile species, is the substantial monitoring cost. Passive acoustic monitoring may offer promising opportunities for low‐cost monitoring as an alternative to human observation. We develop a costing framework for comparing human observation and passive acoustic monitoring and apply it to a hypothetical RBP scheme for farmland bird conservation. We consider three different monitoring scenarios: daytime monitoring for the whinchat and the ortolan bunting, nighttime monitoring for the gray partridge and the common quail, and day‐and‐night monitoring for all four species. We also examine the effect of changes in relevant parameters (such as participating area, travel distance and required monitoring time) on the cost comparison. Our results show that passive acoustic monitoring is still more expensive than human observation for daytime monitoring. In contrast, passive acoustic monitoring has a cost advantage for nighttime as well as day‐and‐nighttime monitoring in all considered scenarios.
Deriving protein binding‐corrected chemical concentrations for in vitro testing
Authors: Kolli Aditya R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracellular chemical concentrations are considered physiologically relevant for in vitro testing and are evaluated in traditional in vitro systems using cell culture media containing 5%–10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, depending on the physicochemical properties, and in vitro testing conditions, cells could be exposed to variable unbound extracellular concentrations. If in vitro unbound concentrations are not calculated, it is challenging to distinguish the chemical potency and concentration‐driven responses. In this study, one‐ and two‐protein binding models were used to estimate protein binding corrected chemical concentrations of various chemicals for in vitro testing. As ceftizoxime, moxifloxacin, and nicotine have low protein binding affinity, the in vitro protein binding in 5%–10% FBS is less than 5% and can be considered negligible. However, protein binding of moderate and highly protein‐bound chemicals must be corrected for as the in vitro unbound concentrations in 5%–10% FBS containing cell culture media will vary over a range of chemical concentrations. In vitro pharmacological and toxicological assessments must incorporate protein binding‐adjusted in vitro concentrations to ensure physiologically relevant exposures. A user‐friendly Excel spreadsheet is provided to help bench scientists calculate protein binding‐corrected chemical concentrations for in vitro testing.
Impact of Chinese Local Government‐led Construction Land Supply Strategies on Urban Innovation and its Spatiotemporal Differences
Authors: Wang Jian , Peng Shangui , Yan Siqi , Guo Guancheng , Wu Qun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of local government‐led construction land supply (LGCLS) strategies on urban innovation. It uses data related to 265 cities in China from 2005 to 2019 for empirical analysis. Its conclusions are as follows. For development stage differences, the impact of LGCLS strategies on urban innovation exhibited an inverted U shape with economic growth. The inflection point occurred when the per capita GDP equaled approximately RMB23,101 in 2008. For regional differences, the inflection point in eastern China is higher and earlier than that in central and western China; before the inflection point, the positive influence was more obvious in the central and western regions, whereas after the inflection point, the negative influence was more obvious in the eastern region. For the eastern Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations and the northwestern resource‐based urban agglomerations with relatively high per capita GDP, the negative impact of LGCLS strategies on urban innovation occurred earlier and showed spatial agglomeration characteristics.