bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interval timing relative to response inhibition in the differential reinforcement of low-rate responding in normally developing young adults
Authors: Yang Tsung-Han , Liao Ruey-Ming , Su Chung-I. , Chien Chun-Yi , Ng Chan-Tat , Yen Nai-Shing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith recent proposal suggesting the multifaceted nature of impulsivity, researchers have been intrigued by the question of whether the impulsive behaviour measured in the traditionally psychological paradigms is unitary. One such paradigm, the differential reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL), has been used to assess response inhibition, but its underlying mechanism has still been debated. In present research, we examined and differentiated the effects of both response inhibition and interval timing on a multisession DRL-10 s (DRL-10 s) in a large sample of normally developing young adults, as well as with three other measures including the stop-signal reaction task (SSRT), time production task-10 s (TPT-10 s), and the Barrett impulsivity scale-11 (BIS-11). The results showed that behavioural changes existed in DRL. As the task sessions progressed, there was an increase in both reinforcement probability and peak time, but a decrease in burst responses. Most importantly, both principal component analysis and generalized multilevel modeling yielded consistent results that as the task progressed, there was an increasing involvement of the TPT in the late sessions of DRL. However, none of the effect of SSRT was found. In sum, the differential degrees of involvement of the timing process, relative to response inhibition, were observed in DRL.
A gelatin hydrogel nonwoven fabric improves outcomes of subcutaneous islet transplantation
Authors: Kanai Norifumi , Inagaki Akiko , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Imura Takehiro , Mitsugashira Hiroaki , Saito Ryusuke , Miyagi Shigehito , Watanabe Kimiko , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki , Tabata Yasuhiko , Goto Masafumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSubcutaneous islet transplantation is a promising treatment for severe diabetes; however, poor engraftment hinders its prevalence. We previously reported that a recombinant peptide (RCP) enhances subcutaneous islet engraftment. However, it is impractical for clinical use because RCP must be removed when transplanting islets. We herein investigated whether a novel bioabsorbable gelatin hydrogel nonwoven fabric (GHNF) could improve subcutaneous islet engraftment. A silicon spacer with or without GHNF was implanted into the subcutaneous space of diabetic mice. Syngeneic islets were transplanted into the pretreated space or intraportally (Ipo group). Blood glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, immunohistochemistry, CT angiography and gene expression were evaluated. The cure rate and glucose tolerance of the GHNF group were significantly better than in the control and Ipo groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). In the GHNF group, a limited increase of vWF-positive vessels was detected in the islet capsule, whereas laminin (p < 0.05), collagen III and IV were considerably enhanced. TaqMan arrays revealed a significant upregulation of 19 target genes (including insulin-like growth factor-2) in the pretreated space. GHNF markedly improved the subcutaneous islet transplantation outcomes, likely due to ECM compensation and protection of islet function by various growth factors, rather than enhanced neovascularization.
Fast time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy with superconducting nanowire single-photon detector: system validation and in vivo results
Authors: Parfentyeva Veronika , Colombo Lorenzo , Lanka Pranav , Pagliazzi Marco , Brodu Annalisa , Noordzij Niels , Kolarczik Mirco , Dalla Mora Alberto , Re Rebecca , Contini Davide , Torricelli Alessandro , Durduran Turgut , Pifferi Antonio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTime-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) has been introduced as an advancement of the “classical” continuous wave DCS (CW-DCS) allowing one to not only to measure depth-resolved blood flow index (BFI) but also to extract optical properties of the measured medium without using any additional diffuse optics technique. However, this method is a photon-starved technique, specially when considering only the late photons that are of primary interest which has limited its in vivo application. In this work, we present a TD-DCS system based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with a high quantum efficiency, a narrow timing response, and a negligibly low dark count noise. We compared it to the typically used single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector. In addition, this system allowed us to conduct fast in vivo measurements and obtain gated pulsatile BFI on the adult human forehead.
Flood susceptibility mapping utilizing the integration of geospatial and multivariate statistical analysis, Erbil area in Northern Iraq as a case study
Authors: Ahmed Alaa , Al Maliki Ali , Hashim Bassim , Alshamsi Dalal , Arman Hasan , Gad Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate extreme events such as floods and droughts in any area have a significant impact on human life, infrastructure, agriculture, and the economy. In the last two years, flash floods caused by heavy rainstorms have become frequent and destructive in many catchments in Northern Iraq. The present study aims to examine flash floods in the Erbil region, Northern Iraq using Remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for geomorphic data. PCA results revealed that 12 geomorphic parameters exhibited a significant correlation with two different statistical components. To facilitate practical application, ranks are assigned based on the calculated parameters for flood susceptibility mapping. Out of the 24 basins in the current study, three basins (16, 3, and 14) have the highest geomorphometric values (36–39), indicating the zone most susceptible to flash floods and making up a maximum area of 38.58% of the studied region. Six basins (4, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 15), which have geomorphometric values between 30 and 35 and cover a land area of 27.86%, are the most moderately vulnerable to floods. The remaining basins, which make up 33.47% of the research, are occasionally subject to floods and have geomorphometric scores below 30. The precision of the flood susceptibility mapping was validated using the bifurcation ratio and drainage density relationship as well as past flood damages, such as economic losses and human casualties. Most of the recorded injuries and fatalities took place in areas that were particularly prone to severe past flooding. Additionally, the investigation revealed that 44.56% of all populated areas are located in extremely vulnerable basins. The findings demonstrate a notable correlation between the identified flood-susceptible areas and the occurrence of past flood damage.
Comparative pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5
Authors: Tamura Tomokazu , Yamasoba Daichi , Oda Yoshitaka , Ito Jumpei , Kamasaki Tomoko , Nao Naganori , Hashimoto Rina , Fujioka Yoichiro , Suzuki Rigel , Wang Lei , Ito Hayato , Kashima Yukie , Kimura Izumi , Kishimoto Mai , Tsuda Masumi , Sawa Hirofumi , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Yamamoto Yuki , Nagamoto Tetsuharu , Kanamune Jun , Suzuki Yutaka , Ohba Yusuke ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Suzuki Saori , Kato Marie , Ferdous Zannatul , Mouri Hiromi , Shishido Kenji , Misawa Naoko , Uriu Keiya , Kosugi Yusuke , Fujita Shigeru , Suganami Mai , Chiba Mika , Yoshimura Ryo , Nakagawa So , Wu Jiaqi , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Shirakawa Kotaro , Nagata Kayoko , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Nomura Ryosuke , Horisawa Yoshihito , Tashiro Yusuke , Kawai Yugo , Hashiguchi Takao , Suzuki Tateki , Kimura Kanako , Sasaki Jiei , Nakajima Yukari , Sakamoto Ayaka , Yasuhara Naoko , Irie Takashi , Kawabata Ryoko , Ikeda Terumasa , Nasser Hesham , Shimizu Ryo , Begum Monira , Takahashi Otowa , Ichihara Kimiko , Ueno Takamasa , Motozono Chihiro , Toyoda Mako , Saito Akatsuki , Tanaka Yuri L. , Butlertanaka Erika P. , Shofa Maya , Tabata Kaori , Yokota Isao , Matsuno Keita , Takayama Kazuo , Tanaka Shinya , Sato Kei , Fukuhara Takasuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe unremitting emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitates ongoing control measures. Given its rapid spread, the new Omicron subvariant BA.5 requires urgent characterization. Here, we comprehensively analyzed BA.5 with the other Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and ancestral B.1.1. Although in vitro growth kinetics of BA.5 was comparable among the Omicron subvariants, BA.5 was much more fusogenic than BA.1 and BA.2. Airway-on-a-chip analysis showed that, among Omicron subvariants, BA.5 had enhanced ability to disrupt the respiratory epithelial and endothelial barriers. Furthermore, in our hamster model, in vivo pathogenicity of BA.5 was slightly higher than that of the other Omicron variants and less than that of ancestral B.1.1. Notably, BA.5 gains efficient virus spread compared with BA.1 and BA.2, leading to prompt immune responses. Our findings suggest that BA.5 has low pathogenicity compared with the ancestral strain but enhanced virus spread /inflammation compared with earlier Omicron subvariants.
Transition metal-free visible light photoredox-catalyzed remote C(sp3)−H borylation enabled by 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer
Authors: Sun Beiqi , Li Wenke , Liu Qianyi , Zhang Gaoge , Mo Fanyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe borylation of unreactive carbon-hydrogen bonds is a valuable method for transforming feedstock chemicals into versatile building blocks. Here, we describe a transition metal-free method for the photoredox-catalyzed borylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bond, initiated by 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The remote borylation was directed by 1,5-HAT of the amidyl radical, which was generated by photocatalytic reduction of hydroxamic acid derivatives. The method accommodates substrates with primary, secondary and tertiary C(sp3)−H bonds, yielding moderate to good product yields (up to 92%) with tolerance for various functional groups. Mechanistic studies, including radical clock experiments and DFT calculations, provided detailed insight into the 1,5-HAT borylation process.
Modeling Lost to Intervention in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention: A Modified eDelphi Study
Authors: Woodruff-Gautherin Torri Ann , Cienkowski Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop a functional model of the drivers behind why families may decline early intervention services following the identification of a child as D/deaf or hard of hearing.

Method:

This model was developed using a modified eDelphi method. Invited experts (
N
= 155) were provided proposed models of why families may decline early intervention services in accordance with current literature. In the first phase of feedback, participants (
n
= 23) provided changes they would make to the model to be more in line with their perceptions of lost to intervention. These changes were implemented, and a second phase of feedback with participants (
n
= 25) moved to accept the model as presented.

Results:
Agreement was reached on five main barriers to early intervention access for children who have been identified as D/deaf or hard of hearing (family experience, family culture, perceived vulnerability, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers). Each of these main barriers has associated examples of how they may manifest across different early intervention programs and situations.

Conclusions:
This is the first theoretical model of why loss to intervention happens within early hearing detection and intervention. Having a model provides the opportunity for future work to implement novel approaches to support families during the early intervention enrollment process.
Nitrosamine Impurities in Herbal Formulations: A Review of Risks and
Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Shekhar Nunavath Raja , Nagappan Krishnaveni , Singh Madhu Tanya , Dhanabal S. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNitrosamines are a class of chemical compounds that have been found to be
impurities in a variety of pharmaceutical products. These impurities have raised
concerns due to their potential carcinogenic effects. Recent studies have
identified nitrosamines as impurities in a number of pharmaceutical products
including angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and proton pump inhibitors
(PPIs). The presence of nitrosamines in these products has led to recalls and
market withdrawals. In addition to pharmaceuticals, nitrosamines have also been
found in some herbal medicines particularly those containing traditional Chinese
medicinal ingredients. The presence of nitrosamines in herbal formulations poses
a significant risk to public health and highlights the need for quality control
and regulations in the herbal drug industry. The present review article aims to
discuss nitrosamine impurities (NMI) prominent causes, risks and scientific
strategies for preventing NMI in herbal formulations. The primary objective of
this study is to examine the origins of nitrosamine contamination in herbal
formulations, the risks associated with these contaminants, and the methods for
reducing them. The significance of thorough testing and examination before
releasing herbal products to the public is also emphasized. In conclusion, the
presence of nitrosamines is not limited to pharmaceutical products and poses a
significant threat to the safety of herbal drugs as well. Adequate testing and
extensive research are crucial for producing and distributing herbal medicines
to the general population.
Körperliche Krankheit bei älteren PatientInnen in der
Psychosomatischen Klinik
Authors: Peters Meinolf 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungBisher ist wenig über das Ausmaß körperlicher Krankheiten
bei älteren PatientInnen in psychosomatischen Kliniken bekannt. In der
vorliegenden Studie wurde an einer Gruppe von 150 PatientInnen in der zweiten
Lebenshälfte (jeweils 50 der Altersgruppen 40–54, 55–69
und≥70) Häufigkeit und Anzahl körperlicher Krankheiten
sowie deren Zusammenhang mit der psychischen Symptomatik untersucht. Methode:
Zur Erfassung der körperlichen Erkrankungen wurde die CIRS (Cumulative
Illness Rating Scale) eingesetzt, ein etabliertes
Fremdeinschätzungsverfahren für körperliche Krankheiten
auf 14 Skalen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die größte
Häufigkeit sowie die größere Schwere
körperlicher Krankheiten in der ältesten Gruppe. Zudem erwies
sich, dass körperliche Erkrankungen mit ansteigendem Alter
stärker mit psychischen Erkrankungen zusammenhängen. Es wird ein
mentaler Bedeutungszuwachs körperlicher Krankheit mit ansteigendem Alter
postuliert. In der Diskussion werden versorgungspolitische und therapeutische
Aspekte aufgegriffen.
A Concise and Flexible Synthesis of C2′-Sulfonylated Quinine Derivatives
Authors: Tan Dong-Xing , Han Fu-She , Gu Cheng-Yu , Zhou Jie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA concise and flexible procedure for the synthesis of structurally novel C2′-sulfonylated quinine derivatives is developed. Through careful optimization of the reaction conditions, most of the reactions can be performed in high yields at gram or several hundreds of milligram scale. Since cinchona-based derivatives are widely used in asymmetric catalysis, the synthetic route developed herein provides an efficient and practical pathway for the diverse synthesis of new cinchona derivatives as potential chiral ligands or multifunctional organocatalysts.
Acetate/Alkoxide/Halide Shuttle Systems Mediated by Lewis Acid Catalysts for Insertion Reaction of a One-Carbon Unit into Carbon–Carbon or Carbon–Halogen Bonds
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this account, we describe our research on a Lewis acid-catalyzed insertion reaction of α-diazo esters into a carbon–carbon or carbon–halogen bond. Indium catalysts mediated not only the insertion of α-diazo esters into a carbon–carbon bond of alkyl acetates, alkyl ethers, acetals, and alkyl halides, but also a carbon–halogen bond of alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. BF3 specifically accelerated the insertion of α-diazo esters into a carbon–fluorine bond. The key to this catalysis is acetate, alkoxide, and halide shuttle systems mediated by a Lewis acid, in which the Lewis acid abstracts a leaving group from a starting substrate and releases the leaving group to the appropriate carbocation intermediate in the catalytic cycle.1	Introduction2	Acetate/Alkoxide Shuttle: Insertion Reaction of α-Diazo Esters into a Carbon–Carbon Bond of Alkyl Acetates, Alkyl Ethers, and Acetals3	Halide Shuttle: Insertion Reaction of α-Diazo Esters into a Carbon–Carbon Bond of Alkyl Halides4	Halide Shuttle: Insertion of α-Diazo Esters into a Carbon–Halogen Bond of Alkyl Halides5	Conclusion
A Complementary Route for Alkene–Arene para-Cycloadditions by Visible-Light-Promoted Triplet Sensitization of Allenamides
Authors: Maestri Giovanni , Serafino Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthetic relevance of bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienes is witnessed by their successful application in various chemical domains, promoting a recurrent interest in the concise assembly of these bridged bicycles. Seminal examples of strategies to craft these compounds are presented, together with more-recent applications that exploit visible light. In this context, a general intramolecular method for the para-cycloaddition of an allenamide arm onto simple aryl rings is highlighted.
Facial Anthropometric Measurements and Principles – Overview and Implications for Aesthetic Treatments
Authors: Armengou Xavier , Frank Konstantin , Kaye Kai , Brébant Vanessa , Möllhoff Nicholas , Cotofana Sebastian , Alfertshofer Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFacial anatomy is highly individual in each patient. Anthropometric measurements can be a useful tool to objectively analyze individual facial anatomy to allow for better comparability before and after treatments to ultimately improve standardization of facial procedures, both nonsurgical and surgical. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview over clinically relevant and feasible facial anthropometric measurements and principles for aesthetic medicine. A literature review was conducted to describe the most important and clinically relevant anthropometric measurements and principles for both the entire face and for three aesthetically relevant facial regions: the periorbital region, the nose, and the perioral region. A multitude of different anthropometric measurements and principles have been described in the literature for both the overall facial appearance and specific facial regions. Certain generally accepted anthropometric principles and proportions need to be respected to achieve aesthetic and harmonious results. For the overall facial appearance, a focus on symmetry, certain proportions, facial angles, and indices has been described. Principles and measurements were also described for the periorbital region, the nose, and the perioral region. Although attractiveness and aesthetic perception are subjective, objective evaluation of facial surface anatomy via anthropometric measurements can improve pre- and postinterventional analysis of the face and help the treating physician to individualize treatments, both nonsurgical and surgical.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Parents Caring for Pediatric Patients with a Tracheostomy
Authors: Koker Alper , Tekerek Nazan Ülgen , Nalbant Gonca Şahan Erbaşı , Çebişli Erdem , Dursun Oguz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of parents of children who underwent placement of a tracheostomy while in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) through postdischarge use of a standardized questionnaire, Functional Status Scale (FSS) for patients, and WHOQoL-BREF (a QOL scale) for parents.
Methods The parents were initially contacted by telephone, postdischarge, during which the standardized questionnaire was completed. The functional status of the patients was evaluated using the FSS, and the QOL of parents was determined through use of the WHOQoL-BREF scale.
Results From 2011 to 2021, tracheostomy was performed in 119 PICU patients. Overall, 93 patients were excluded due to death in 66 (56%), decannulation in 24 (20%) and, 3 (2%) were not available for follow-up. The parents of 26 (22%) patients were available for follow-up and for which the standardized questionnaire FSS and WHOQoL-BREF QOL scales were completed. The mean FSS score of the patients was elevated at 17.84. In comparison, reduced mean scores were observed for parental physical health of 20.61, psychological health of 20.57, social health of 11.15, and environmental health of 29.00. As a result, a moderate (r < 0.80), yet significant (p ≤ 0.004) negative correlation was found between the FSS scores of patients and the physical, social relationships, environmental, and psychological health QOL scores of parents.
Conclusion This study is unique in that, to our knowledge, it is the first to compare parental QOL with the FSS of pediatric patients who have undergone a tracheostomy while hospitalized in the PICU. Our findings indicate that the parental QOL was reduced in four areas and correlates with an elevation in FSS score (indicating a greater functional disorder) of pediatric patients who had previously undergone a tracheostomy while hospitalized in the PICU.
Rydberg state dynamics and fragmentation mechanism of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylmethylenediamine
Authors: Ling Fengzi , Cao Ling , Wang Yanmei , Wei Jie , Luo Zhigao , Hu Zhe , Qiu Jiyun , Liu Dejun , Wang Pengfei , Song Xinli , Zhang Song 
Published: July 2023

The non-adiabatic relaxation processes and the fragmentation dynamics of Rydberg-excited N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylmethylenediamine (TMMDA) are investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging and time-resolved mass spectroscopy. Excitation at 208 nm populates TMMDA in a charge-localized 3p state. Rapid internal conversion (IC) to 3s produces two charge-delocalized conformers with independent time constants and distinct population ratios. As the system explores the 3s potential surface, the structural evolution continues on a 1.55 ps timescale, followed by a slower (12.1 ps) relaxation to the ground state. A thorough comparison of the time-dependent mass and photoelectron spectra suggests that ionization out of the 3p state ends up with the parent ion, the vibrational energy of which is insufficient for the bond cleavage. On the contrary, by virtue of the additional energy acquired by IC from 3p, the internal energy deposited in 3s is available to break the C–N bond, leading to the fragment ion. The fragmentation is found to occur on the ion surface instead of the Rydberg surface.