bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duncan Tanner Essay Prize Winner 2022
Authors: Smith Holly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ronan Point was a residential tower block that partially collapsed in Newham in 1968, provoking a nationwide scandal. The Ronan Point disaster is frequently cited as a symbolic ‘turning point’ in the urban history of Britain, but it has been surprisingly underexplored on an archival level. It has been identified as a moment at which high-rise architecture was overwhelmingly discredited: a defining event within narratives of ‘urban crisis’ and ‘decline’ in late twentieth-century Britain. This article proposes that the Ronan Point scandal should be understood as a moment of democratic crisis, rather than one unique to the ‘inner city’. The disaster foregrounded a profound democratic deficit within the political culture of post-war reconstruction. However, this article revises standard narratives of the Ronan Point disaster exclusively as a moment of crisis to consider it dually as a moment of possibility for the British welfare state, and for social democracy. The scandal constituted a key moment at which anti-deferential discourses were harnessed by grassroots actors to challenge the legitimacy of technocratic expertise and to lobby for a more participatory reimagination of the post-war settlement. The article goes on, nevertheless, to explore how such discourses of empowerment would also be mobilized to justify a movement away from public housing and towards owner-occupation.
Slope of the power spectral density flattens at low frequencies (&lt;150 Hz) with healthy aging but also steepens at higher frequency (&gt;200 Hz) in human electroencephalogram
Authors: Aggarwal Srishty , Ray Supratim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe power spectral density (PSD) of the brain signals is characterized by two distinct features: oscillations, which are represented as distinct “bumps,” and broadband aperiodic activity, that reduces in power with increasing frequency and is characterized by the slope of the power falloff. Recent studies have shown a change in the slope of the aperiodic activity with healthy aging and mental disorders. However, these studies analyzed slopes over a limited frequency range (&lt;100 Hz). To test whether the PSD slope is affected over a wider frequency range with aging and mental disorder, we analyzed the slope till 800 Hz in electroencephalogram data recorded from elderly subjects (&gt;49 years) who were healthy (n = 217) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 11) or Alzheimer’s Disease (AD; n = 5). Although the slope reduced up to ~ 150 Hz with healthy aging (as shown previously), surprisingly, at higher frequencies (&gt;200 Hz), it increased with age. These results were observed in all electrodes, for both eyes open and eyes closed conditions, and for different reference schemes. However, slopes were not significantly different in MCI/AD subjects compared with healthy controls. Overall, our results constrain the biophysical mechanisms that are reflected in the PSD slopes in healthy and pathological aging.
Inhibition of DNA and RNA methylation disturbs root development of moso bamboo
Authors: Liufu Yuxiang , Xi Feihu , Wu Lin , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Huihui , Wang Huiyuan , Zhang Jun , Wang Baijie , Kou Wenjing , Gao Jian , Zhao Liangzhen , Zhang Hangxiao , Gu Lianfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
DNA methylation (5mC) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are two important epigenetics regulators, which have a profound impact on plant growth development. Phyllostachys edulis (P. edulis) is one of the fastest spreading plants due to its well-developed root system. However, the association between 5mC and m6A has seldom been reported in P. edulis. In particular, the connection between m6A and several post-transcriptional regulators remains uncharacterized in P. edulis. Here, our morphological and electron microscope observations showed the phenotype of increased lateral root under RNA methylation inhibitor (DZnepA) and DNA methylation inhibitor (5-azaC) treatment. RNA epitranscriptome based on Nanopore direct RNA sequencing revealed that DZnepA treatment exhibits significantly decreased m6A level in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), which was accompanied by increased gene expression, full-length ratio, higher proximal poly(A) site usage and shorter poly(A) tail length. DNA methylation levels of CG and CHG were reduced in both coding sequencing and transposable element upon 5-azaC treatment. Cell wall synthesis was impaired under methylation inhibition. In particular, differentially expressed genes showed a high percentage of overlap between DZnepA and 5-azaC treatment, which suggested a potential correlation between two methylations. This study provides preliminary information for a better understanding of the link between m6A and 5mC in root development of moso bamboo.
The hidden diversity of ancient bornaviral sequences from X and P genes in vertebrate genomes
Authors: Garcia Bea Clarise B , Mukai Yahiro , Tomonaga Keizo , Horie Masayuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Endogenous bornavirus–like elements (EBLs) are heritable sequences derived from bornaviruses in vertebrate genomes that originate from transcripts of ancient bornaviruses. EBLs have been detected using sequence similarity searches such as tBLASTn, whose technical limitations may hinder the detection of EBLs derived from small and/or rapidly evolving viral X and P genes. Indeed, no EBLs derived from the X and P genes of orthobornaviruses have been detected to date in vertebrate genomes. Here, we aimed to develop a novel strategy to detect such ‘hidden’ EBLs. To this aim, we focused on the 1.9-kb read-through transcript of orthobornaviruses, which encodes a well-conserved N gene and small and rapidly evolving X and P genes. We show a series of evidence supporting the existence of EBLs derived from orthobornaviral X and P genes (EBLX/Ps) in mammalian genomes. Furthermore, we found that an EBLX/P is expressed as a fusion transcript with the cellular gene, ZNF451, which potentially encodes the ZNF451/EBLP fusion protein in miniopterid bat cells. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ancient bornaviruses and co-evolution between bornaviruses and their hosts. Furthermore, our data suggest that endogenous viral elements are more abundant than those previously appreciated using BLAST searches alone, and further studies are required to understand ancient viruses more accurately.
Changes in Private Pensions and Income Inequality in Retirement: A Decomposition Analysis by Income Source in Nine European Countries (1986–2018)
Authors: Doctrinal Laure 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Private pensions have expanded in recent decades in many European countries, albeit to different extent. As private pensions historically have been more unequally distributed than public pensions, it is reasonable to expect that pension privatization has increased the dispersion of incomes among the retired. However, few studies have empirically tested this claim. The purpose of this study is to assess how the expansion of private pensions affects developments of income inequality among the retired. Using microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study, decomposition analyses of income inequality by income source are conducted around 1986 and 2018 in nine European countries. To account for cross-country variations in the public–private pension mix, the study distinguishes between mature multi-pillar systems, emergent multi-pillar systems, and dominant public systems. The results highlight an interesting paradox. Higher shares of private pensions in retirement incomes have a substantial inequality-increasing effect; yet, overall income inequality among the retired has not necessarily increased, for 2 reasons. First, more equally distributed public pensions in emergent multi-pillar systems and declining shares of capital income in mature multi-pillar systems either fully or partially compensated for increased inequality due to larger shares of private pensions. Second, private pensions became more equally distributed among the retired in most countries.
Opioid Utilization After Scoliosis Surgery is Greater in Marfan Syndrome Than Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Benes Gregory A. , Hunsberger Joann B. , Dietz Harry C. , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: June 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective matched case cohort.

Objective:
Compare postoperative opioid utilization and prescribing behaviors between patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Summary of Background Data:
Opioids are an essential component of pain management after PSF. However, due to the potential for opioid use disorder and dependence, current analgesic strategies aim to minimize their use, especially in younger patients. Limited information exists on opioid utilization after PSF for syndromic scoliosis.

Patients and Methods:
Twenty adolescents undergoing PSF with MFS were matched with patients with AIS (ratio, 1:2) by age, sex, degree of spinal deformity, and the number of vertebral levels fused. Inpatient and outpatient pharmaceutical data were reviewed for the quantity and duration of opioid and adjunct medications. Prescriptions were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) using CDC’s standard conversion factor.

Results:
Compared with patients with AIS, patients with MFS had significantly greater total inpatient MME use (4.9 vs. 2.1 mg/kg, P ≤ 0.001) and longer duration of intravenous patient-controlled anesthesia (3.4 vs. 2.5 d, P = 0.001). Within the first 2 postop days, MFS patients had more patient-controlled anesthesia boluses (91 vs. 52 boluses, P = 0.01) despite similar pain scores and greater use of adjunct medications. After accounting for prior opioid use, MFS was the only significant predictor of requesting an opioid prescription after discharge (odds ratio: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.1–14.9, P = 0.03). Patients with MFS were also more likely to be discharged with a more potent prescription (1.0 vs. 0.72 MME per day/kg, P ≤ 0.001) and to receive a longer-duration prescription (13 vs. 8 d, P = 0.005) with a greater MME/kg (11.6 vs. 5.6 mg/kg, P ≤ 0.001) as outpatients.

Conclusion:
Despite a similar intervention, patients with MFS and AIS seem to differ in their postoperative opioid usage after PSF, presenting an opportunity for further research to assist clinicians in better anticipating the analgesic needs of individual patients, particularly in light of the ongoing opioid epidemic.
Biomechanical Computational Study of Pedicle Screw Position and Density in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Instrumentation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Larson A. Noelle , Polly David W. , Aubin Carl-Eric 
Published: June 2023

Study Design:
Computer simulation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation.

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that different screw densities would result in different apical vertebral rotation (AVR) corrections and bone-screw forces in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation.

Summary of Background Data:
The “Minimize Implants Maximize Outcomes” Clinical Trial revealed that the use of more versus fewer screws resulted in similar coronal plane correction for Lenke 1A curves. However, the biomechanical impact of screw density on transverse plane correction is still unclear. Further investigation is needed to determine if and how transverse plane correction is correlated with screw density.

Patients and Methods:
We simulated apical vertebral derotation after segmental translation using patient-specific computer models of 30 patients from the “Minimize Implants Maximize Outcomes” Trial. For each case, 10 alternative screw patterns were tested with overall densities ranging between 1.2 and 2 screws per level fused, and local density at the 3 apical levels ranging between 0.7 and 2 (total: 600 simulations). Main thoracic (MT) Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), AVR, and bone-screw forces were computed and compared.

Results:
The presenting MT (62 ± 11°; range: 45° to 86°), TK (27 ± 20°; −5° to 81°), and AVR (14±7°; −2° to 25°) were corrected through segmental translation to 22 ± 7° (10° to 41°), 26 ± 5° (18° to 45°), and 14 ± 7° (−4° to 26°). After apical vertebral derotation, they became 16 ± 8° (1° to 41°), 24 ± 4° (13° to 40°), and 4 ± 5° (−12° to 18°). There was no significant difference in MT among screw patterns; higher screw density had lower bone-screw forces (P < 0.05). The apical vertebral derotation maneuver reduced AVR by an average of 70%, positively correlated with apical screw density (r = 0.825, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in TK.

Conclusion:
Screw density had no significant effect on 3-dimensional correction through the primary segmental translation maneuver. Transverse plane correction through subsequent apical vertebral derotation was positively correlated with screw density at the apical levels (r = 0.825, P < 0.05). Bone-screw forces were negatively correlated with overall screw density (P < 0.05).
Multiple Electrolytes Solution Versus Saline as Bolus Fluid for Resuscitation in Pediatric Septic Shock: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial*
Authors: Sankar Jhuma , Muralidharan Jayashree , Lalitha A. V. , Rameshkumar Ramachandran , Pathak Mona , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Ismail Javed , Subramanian Mahadevan , Nallasamy Karthi , Dev Nishanth , Kumar U. Vijay , Kumar Kiran , Sharma Taniya , Jaravta Kanika , Thakur Neha , Aggarwal Praveen , Jat Kana Ram , Kabra S. K. , Lodha Rakesh 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To determine if initial fluid resuscitation with balanced crystalloid (e.g., multiple electrolytes solution [MES]) or 0.9% saline adversely affects kidney function in children with septic shock.

DESIGN:
Parallel-group, blinded multicenter trial.

SETTING:
PICUs of four tertiary care centers in India from 2017 to 2020.

PATIENTS:
Children up to 15 years of age with septic shock.

METHODS:
Children were randomized to receive fluid boluses of either MES (PlasmaLyte A) or 0.9% saline at the time of identification of shock. All children were managed as per standard protocols and monitored until discharge/death. The primary outcome was new and/or progressive acute kidney injury (AKI), at any time within the first 7 days of fluid resuscitation. Key secondary outcomes included hyperchloremia, any adverse event (AE), at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and all-cause ICU mortality.

INTERVENTIONS:
MES solution (n = 351) versus 0.9% saline (n = 357) for bolus fluid resuscitation during the first 7 days.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The median age was 5 years (interquartile range, 1.3–9); 302 (43%) were girls. The relative risk (RR) for meeting the criteria for new and/or progressive AKI was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49–0.80; p < 0.001), favoring the MES (21%) versus the saline (33%) group. The proportions of children with hyperchloremia were lower in the MES versus the saline group at 24, 48, and 72 hours. There was no difference in the ICU mortality (33% in the MES vs 34% in the saline group). There was no difference with regard to infusion-related AEs such as fever, thrombophlebitis, or fluid overload between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among children presenting with septic shock, fluid resuscitation with MES (balanced crystalloid) as compared with 0.9% saline resulted in a significantly lower incidence of new and/or progressive AKI during the first 7 days of hospitalization.
Treatment and Prevention of Umbilical Sagging with Laser-assisted Liposuction: The New Happy Protocol
Authors: Faustino Leandro D. , Cruciol Felipe S. , Motoki Thamy H. C. , Figueiredo Igor A.T. S. , Garcia Arthur F. E. , Nahas Fábio X. , Ferreira Lydia M. 
Published: June 2023

Summary:
Sagging of the periumbilical skin, also known as the “sad umbilicus,” is one of the most common postoperative complications in liposuction. It is characterized by an increase in the width and decrease in the height of the umbilicus. Technological advances in power-assisted liposuction resulting in skin tightening have been central to improvements in the treatment of sagging skin. Laser-assisted liposuction is a procedure in which a laser fiber induces lipolysis and skin tightening. Laser treatment delivered using a 980-nm diode laser may result in up to 30% skin surface area contraction. The aim of this study was to describe a new technique called the “happy protocol” for the treatment and prevention of the sad umbilicus. The periumbilical region is treated using a 980-nm diode laser set to an output power of 20 W, with a total delivered energy of 5000 J. The developed technique may be applied to correct shape distortions or to create a natural-looking and aesthetically pleasant umbilicus during liposuction. A decrease in the width of the umbilicus followed by an increase in height are observed in the first postoperative days. Patients who were followed up for 7 months postoperatively showed positive aesthetic results. The final outcome was an oval-shaped umbilicus, with increased height and reduced sagging in the periumbilical region.
Brassiere Cup Size Agreement between Patients and Plastic Surgeons: Do Surgeons and Patients Speak the Same Size Language?
Authors: Sandberg Lars Johan , Tønseth Kim , Kloster-Jensen Kristine , Reece Gregory , Selber Jesse Creed 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Patients undergoing plastic surgery of the breasts often communicate their size expectations as a brassiere cup size. However, multiple factors may cause a miscommunication between the surgeon and patient when brassiere cup size is used as a measure of results. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between disclosed and estimated brassiere cup size and also interrater agreement.

Methods:
Three-dimensional (3D) scans of 32 subjects were evaluated by 10 plastic surgeons estimating cup size using the American brassiere system. The surgeons were blinded to all parameters, including the 3D surface software-derived volume measures of the Vectra scan. The 3D scans of the anterior torsos were viewed. The plastic surgeons’ estimations were compared with the cup sizes stated by the subjects (disclosed cup size), using simple and weighted Kappa statistics.

Results:
Agreement between the estimated and disclosed brassiere sizes was only slight (0.1479 ± 0.0605) using a simple Kappa analysis. Even when a Fleiss-Cohen–weighted comparison was used, only moderate agreement (0.6231 ± 0.0589) was found. The interrater agreement intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.705. Rater accuracy varied. The percentage of time spent in cosmetic practice and gender were not significantly correlated with accuracy.

Conclusions:
Agreement between cup size disclosed by subjects and estimates by plastic surgeons was low. A miscommunication between the surgeon and patient may occur when using brassiere sizes to communicate wishes and estimates in procedures that involve changes in breast volume.
Tear Trough Filler Using the Three-point Tangent Technique: Lessons from 1452 Tear Trough Applications
Authors: Wilde Caroline L. , Gupta Ankur , Lee Sieun , Ezra Daniel G. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
This study describes a novel three-point tangent technique for tear trough filler and the results from the largest series to date.

Methods:
A retrospective case review was performed for all patients treated between 2016 and 2020. Patient demographics, filler details and complications were recorded. The injection technique involves using a blunt cannula to deliver filler along three linear tangents bespoke to each patient.

Results:
A total of 1452 applications of filler to the orbits of 583 patients were recorded. The median patient age was 41 years (range 19–77), and 84% were women. The mean volume of applied filler at the first appointment was 0.34 mL to each orbit (range 0.1–-1.5); 82% reported no complication, 10% reported swelling with a median duration of 4 weeks (range 1–52), 4.3% experienced bruising, 4.6% reported contour irregularities, and 3.3% experienced a Tyndall effect. Retrobulbar hemorrhage occurred in one patient (0.17%), which was managed immediately with no lasting visual compromise. Volume of filler injected was significantly associated with a risk of edema (P < 0.00001) and contour irregularities (P = 0.012). In total, 50% of cases of edema resolved spontaneously after 4 weeks. Filler was dissolved in 1.9% of orbits. Patients with a history of dissolving were significantly more likely to require dissolving after subsequent reinjection (P = 0.043).

Conclusions:
The three-point tangent technique is a safe and effective method. Increasing volume of filler administered is associated with complications of edema and contour irregularities. Edema is the most common complication and resolves spontaneously in half of patients by 4 weeks.
Local Dose Coefficients for Radionuclide Contamination in Wounds
Authors: Galipeau Natasha , Sugarman Stephen L. , Waller Edward 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When a radiation accident has occurred that leads to radioactive material being imparted to a wound, this is treated as an internal contamination scenario. It is common for the material to transport throughout the body based upon biokinetics of the material in the body. While standard internal dosimetry approaches can be used to estimate committed effective dose from the insult, some material may get fixed for longer periods of time at the wound location, even after medical procedures such as decontamination and debridement have been applied. In this case, the radioactive material becomes a local dose contributor. This research was to generate local dose coefficients for radionuclide-contaminated wounds to supplement committed effective dose coefficients. These dose coefficients can be used to calculate activity limits at the wound site that could lead to a clinically significant dose. This is useful for emergency response to assist in decisions on medical treatment, including decorporation therapy. Wound models were created for injections, lacerations, abrasions, and burns, and the MCNP radiation transport code was used to simulate the dose to tissue considering 38 radionuclides. Biokinetic models accounted for biological removal of the radionuclides from the wound site. It was found that radionuclides that are not retained well at the wound site are likely of little concern locally, but for highly retained radionuclides, estimated local doses may require further investigation by medical and health physics personnel.