bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-start HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEPSE), to reduce time to first dose and increase efficacy
Authors: Fox Julie M , Lee Ming Jie , Fairhead Cassandra Leach , Ledwaba-Chapman Lesedi m , Nori Achyuta V , McQuillan Orla , Wang Yanzhong , Clarke Amanda , Menon-Johansson Anatole 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundEffectiveness of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEPSE) correlates with speed of uptake following HIV exposure. Time to first dose has not improved in the UK for over 10 years. On-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has shown that people can self-start medication for HIV prevention.We hypothesised that advanced provision of PEPSE (HOME PEPSE) for men who have sex with men (MSM) to self- initiate would reduce time to first dose following HIV exposure.MethodsPhase IV, randomised, prospective, 48-week, open-label study was carried out. MSM at medium risk of acquiring HIV were randomised (1:1) to immediate or deferred standard of care (SOC) HOME PEPSE. Every 12 weeks, participants self-completed mental health/risk behaviour surveys and had HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing.HOME PEPSE comprised a 5-day pack of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/maraviroc 600 mg once daily initiated following potential exposure to HIV. If taken, participants completed a risk survey; PEPSE continuation was physician directed. Primary outcome was time from potential exposure to HIV to first PEPSE dose.Findings139 participants randomised 1:1; 69 to immediate HOME PEPSE and 70 to deferred HOME PEPSE. Median age 30 years (IQR 26–39), 75% white, 55% UK born and 72% university educated. 31 in HOME PEPSE and 15 in SOC arm initiated PEPSE. Uptake of HOME PEPSE was appropriate in 27/31 cases (87%, 95% CI: 71% to 95%). Median time from exposure to first dose was 7.3 hours (3.0, 20.9) for HOME PEPSE and 28.5 hours (17.3, 34.0) for SOC (p<0.01). HOME PEPSE was well tolerated with no discontinuations.No significant differences in missed opportunities for PEPSE uptake, sexual behaviour or bacterial STI infections between treatment arms.InterpretationHOME PEPSE reduced the time from exposure to first-dose PEPSE by 21+ hours, with no impact on safety. This significantly improves the efficacy of PEPSE and provides an option for people declining PrEP.
Effect of GUP on the large scale structure formation in the universe
Authors: Khanday Abdul W. , Upadhyay Sudhaker , Ganai Prince A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the clustering of galaxies in generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) modified Newtonian potential. We compute the corrected N-particle partition function which leads to the modified equations of state. The GUP corrected clustering parameter is compared with the original clustering parameter. An investigation of the distribution function for the system of galaxies is also made. Moreover, we analyze the effect of GUP on the two-point correlation function of the system. In order to find the optimal value of the clustering parameter we perform data analysis and compare our model with the data.
Dataset Column: Overview, Scope and Call for Contributions
Authors: Constantin Mihai Gabriel , Fliegel Karel , Vega Maria Torres 
Published: December 2022

The Dataset Column (https://records.sigmm.org/open-science/datasets/) of ACM SIGMM Records provides timely updates on the developments in the domain of publicly available multimedia datasets as enabling tools for reproducible research in numerous related areas. It is intended as a platform for further dissemination of useful information on multimedia datasets and studies of datasets covering various domains, published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, dissertations, or as results of applied research in industry.
The aim of the Dataset Column is therefore not to substitute already established platforms for disseminating multimedia datasets, e.g., Qualinet Databases (https://qualinet.github.io/databases/) [2], Multimedia Evaluation Benchmark (https://multimediaeval.github.io/), but promote such platforms and particularly interesting datasets and benchmarking challenges associated with them. Multimedia Evaluation Benchmark, MediaEval 2021, registration is now open (https://multimediaeval.github.io). This year's MediaEval features a wide variety of tasks and datasets tackling a large number of domains, including video privacy, social media data analysis and understanding, news items analysis, medicine and wellbeing, affective and subjective content analysis, and game and sports associated media.
The Column will also continue reporting of contributions presented within Dataset Tracks at relevant conferences, e.g., ACM Multimedia (MM), ACM Multimedia Systems (MMSys), International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), International Conference on Multimedia Modeling (MMM).
NDRG1 Signaling Is Essential for Endothelial Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Guanxin , Qin Qing , Zhang Chen , Sun Xiaobo , Kazama Kyosuke , Yi Bing , Cheng Fang , Guo Zhi-Fu , Sun Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

Background:
NDRG-1 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1) is a member of NDRG family that plays essential roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and stress responses. Although the expression of NDRG1 is regulated by fluid shear stress, its roles in vascular biology remain poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to determine the functional significance of NDRG1 in vascular inflammation and remodeling.

METHODS AND RESULTS:
By using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the expression of NDRG1 is markedly increased in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells and in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. To determine the role of NDRG1 in endothelial activation, we performed loss-of-function studies using NDRG1 short hairpin RNA. Our results demonstrate that NDRG1 knockdown by lentivirus bearing NDRG1 short hairpin RNA substantially attenuates both IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)-induced expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. Intriguingly, inhibition of NDRG1 also significantly attenuates the expression of procoagulant molecules, such as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1) and TF (tissue factor), and increases the expression of TM (thrombomodulin) and t-PA (tissue-type plasminogen activator), thus exerting potent antithrombotic effects in endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we showed that NDRG1 interacts with orphan Nur77 (nuclear receptor) and functionally inhibits the transcriptional activity of Nur77 and NF-κB (nuclear factor Kappa B) in endothelial cells. Moreover, in NDRG1 knockdown cells, both cytokine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, c-Jun phosphorylation, and AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcriptional activity are substantially inhibited. Neointima and atherosclerosis formation induced by carotid artery ligation and arterial thrombosis were markedly attenuated in endothelial cell-specific NDRG1 knockout mice compared with their wild-type littermates.

Conclusions:
Our results for the first time identify NDRG1 as a critical mediator implicated in regulating endothelial inflammation, thrombotic responses, and vascular remodeling, and suggest that inhibition of NDRG1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory vascular diseases, such as atherothrombosis and restenosis.
Transformer Grammars: Augmenting Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Inductive Biases at Scale
Authors: Sartran Laurent , Barrett Samuel , Kuncoro Adhiguna , Stanojević Miloš , Blunsom Phil , Dyer Chris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We introduce Transformer Grammars (TGs), a novel class of Transformer language models that combine (i) the expressive power, scalability, and strong performance of Transformers and (ii) recursive syntactic compositions, which here are implemented through a special attention mask and deterministic transformation of the linearized tree. We find that TGs outperform various strong baselines on sentence-level language modeling perplexity, as well as on multiple syntax-sensitive language modeling evaluation metrics. Additionally, we find that the recursive syntactic composition bottleneck which represents each sentence as a single vector harms perplexity on document-level language modeling, providing evidence that a different kind of memory mechanism—one that is independent of composed syntactic representations—plays an important role in current successful models of long text.
Robotic Proctectomy: Beyond the Initial Learning Curve
Authors: Rosen Seth A. , Rupji Manali , Liu Yuan , Paul Olson Terrah J. 
Published: December 2022

Background Multiple authors have described an initial learning curve (LC) for robotic proctectomy (RP), but there is scant literature regarding continued technical progression beyond this stage. Total operating time is the most commonly used metric to measure proficiency. Our goal was to examine RP experience after the initial LC looking for evidence of further technical progression. Methods We reviewed our robotic surgery database for a single surgeon during operations 100 through 550 to identify 83 RPs for tumor. These were divided into quartiles by series order, indicating surgeon experience level over time. Demographics and outcomes were compared among the groups. We defined percent console time (PCT) as a new metric. PCT was defined as console time divided by total operative time (TOT). Results From March 2014 through March 2019, 450 robotic colorectal operations were performed, including 83 RPs for polyp or cancer. No significant differences were found among the quartiles in regard to demographics, tumor features, hospital stay, conversions, or readmissions. As experience was gained, there were significant increases in intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA), TOT, and PCT. Complications decreased with experience. Number of lymph nodes in the specimen increased. On multivariate analysis, later experience group, body mass index ≥30, and ICA were associated with increased PCT. Discussion ICA became a routine part of RP after the initial LC, with increases in TOT and PCT. Number of lymph nodes increased and number and severity of complications decreased with experience. Increased PCT may indicate increased expertise during RP.
Feasibility of using the ProtekDuo cannula in V-P ECMO and PROpella configurations during ground and air transport
Authors: Maybauer Marc O , Reaves Zachary R , Brewer Joseph M 
Published: December 2022

Introduction Use of the ProtekDuo cannula has been described for right ventricular assist devices (RVADs) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) systems. Case Report We describe remote cannulation and transport of two patients with ProtekDuo cannula. One patient had isolated acute right ventricular failure (aRVF), was cannulated with ProtekDuo cannula in venopulmonary (V-P) configuration and transported by ambulance. Another patient had biventricular failure after myocardial infarction, was supported with ProtekDuo and Impella CP in PROpella configuration, and transported by helicopter. Discussion We appear to be the first group to report remote cannulation using the ProtekDuo cannula followed by ambulance and helicopter transport, which were performed without complication. We describe the pros and cons of these configurations in comparison to the gold standard of shock management with venoarterial ECMO, as well as important considerations for transport. Conclusion Use of the ProtekDuo cannula for remote cannulations and transport is feasible and appears safe.
Dixon T2 imaging of vertebral bone edema: reliability and comparison with short tau inversion recovery
Authors: Dagestad Magnhild H , Toppe Monika K , Kristoffersen Per M , Gjefsen Elisabeth , Andersen Erling , Assmus Jörg , Vetti Nils , Espeland Ansgar 
Published: December 2022

Background It is uncertain whether T2-weighted Dixon water images (DixonT2w) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) are interchangeable when evaluating vertebral bone edema, or if one method is superior or visualizes the edema differently. Purpose To compare image quality and Modic change (MC)-related edema between DixonT2w and STIR and estimate inter-observer reliability for MC edema on DixonT2w. Material and Methods Consecutive patients (n = 120) considered for the Antibiotics in Modic changes (AIM) trial underwent lumbar 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging with two-point DixonT2w and STIR. Two radiologists assessed MC-related high-signal lesions on DixonT2w and compared image quality and lesion extent with STIR. Cohen's kappa and mean of differences ± limits of agreement were calculated. Results Fat suppression and artefacts were similar on DixonT2w and STIR in 116 of 120 (97%) patients. Lesion conspicuity was similar in 88, better on STIR in 10, and better on DixonT2w in 9 of 107 patients with MC-related high-signal lesions. Contrast-to-noise ratio for STIR versus DixonT2w was 19.1 versus 17.1 (mean of differences 2.0 ± 8.2). Of 228 lesions L4-S1, 215 (94%) had similar extent on DixonT2w and STIR, 11 were smaller/undetected on STIR, and two were smaller/undetected on DixonT2w. Lesions missed on STIR (n = 9) or DixonT2w (n = 1) had a weak signal increase on the other sequence (≤17%; 0% = vertebral body, 100% = cerebrospinal fluid). Inter-observer reliability (mean kappa L4-S1) was very good for presence (0.87), moderate for height (0.44), and good for volume (0.63) of lesions on DixonT2w. Conclusion DixonT2w provided similar visualization of MC-related vertebral edema as STIR.
Implementation of a telerehabilitation program for children with neurodevelopmental disorders during the lockdown caused by COVID-19
Authors: Báez-Suárez Aníbal , Padrón-Rodriguez Iraya , Santana-Cardeñosa Debora , Santana-Perez Lara , Lopez-Herrera Victoria Maria , Pestana-Miranda Romina 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Telerehabilitation is a tool for patients who, for different reasons, cannot participate in person with their physical presence. We aimed to identify the factors associated with satisfaction with telerehabilitation in families with children with neurodevelopmental disorders through a program that included physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Methods: The program was developed during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Outcome measures: Child's age, the school stage to which they belonged, the person of reference in their daily care at home. The resources provided to the families, as well as the frequency of activities and difficulties detected, were evaluated through a survey. Findings: One hundred thirteen families responded to the survey. The general assessment resources were classified as very good. The average frequency of carrying out the activities was two times a week, with an average of 30 minutes per session. The ability to understand the information in the manual was not affected by the academic status of the caregivers ( p = 0.286). Conclusions: This is the first study to quantify the multidisciplinary approach to children with neurodevelopmental disorders using telerehabilitation. The results show high levels of participation and satisfaction. The resources could be shared for their applicability in other countries whose families have similar needs conditioned by COVID-19.
Numerical investigation on composite laminates under double-position low-velocity impacts
Authors: Huang Linhai , Sun Jin , Zhang Diantang , Zhao Junhua 
Published: December 2022

The dynamic mechanical behaviors of the [Formula: see text] fiber-reinforced composite laminates subjected to double-position low-velocity impacts are investigated by finite element method. Two impact positions symmetrical about the center of the laminates are impacted sequentially with three impact distances (10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm) under three impact energies (5 J, 10 J, and 20 J) to study the interference effect of impact damage. For comparison, plastic damage model (PDM) and elastic damage model (EDM) are established to describe the intra-laminar constitutive, respectively. Compared with available experimental data, the mechanical responses calculated by PDM are more accurate, especially at high energies. Affected by the impact interference, the oscillation of force-time curve for the second impact rather than the first impact is relatively weaker, while the severity of impact damage is reversed. The results show that the maximum displacement is more suitable for characterizing the degree of damage interference than bending stiffness, peak force, and energy dissipation.
Feasibility and impact of a bespoke pre-hospital point of care ultrasound teaching and training programme at London’s air ambulance service
Authors: Naeem Salman , Durrands Thomas , Christian Michael , Nevin Daniel ,   The LAA PoCUS group
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound has seen an increase in its use in pre-hospital emergency care. There is lack of literature around the training requirement for point-of-care ultrasound of pre-hospital clinicians. This service evaluation assesses the effectiveness of a bespoke hybrid teaching programme. Methods: This is a service evaluation of the point-of-care ultrasound teaching programme at London’s Air Ambulance from 1 April to 28 May 2021. Subjects’ knowledge, image interpretation and confidence were assessed at two different points. Data were gathered using REDCap and exported to Excel for analysis. Mean values and delta were calculated, and t-test was applied for statistical significance. Results: In total, 57 participants were included; out of which 11 were excluded, as they did not complete a post-course survey. Of these, 41.3% participants were point-of-care ultrasound naïve. Mean pre- and post-course scores were 76.5% and 81.7%, respectively, with an average delta improvement of 5.2% (95% confidence interval = 4.70%–5.68%) which was statistically significant ( p < 0.002). There was a statistically significant mean improvement of pre- and post-course scores between point-of-care ultrasound naïve and point-of-care ultrasound experienced groups ( p = 0.014). Confidence in using point-of-care ultrasound showed mean overall improvement from 2.36/4 to 3.34/4, a mean difference of 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.61–1.34), which was statistically significant ( p = 0.0039). Conclusion: Our service evaluation highlighted that a hybrid teaching model used by London’s Air Ambulance was feasible and had shown significant improvement in the knowledge, image interpretation and confidence of both the point-of-care ultrasound naïve and the PoCUS experienced cohort of clinicians.
Impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on depression and anxiety in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Lijia , Albon Dana , Jones Marieke , Bruschwein Heather 
Published: December 2022

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with worsening of depression and anxiety symptoms. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (Trikafta®), a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator approved in 2019, significantly improves lung function, decreases pulmonary exacerbations, and improves quality of life. Studies are needed to evaluate the effects of Trikafta on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Research Question: Do adults with CF report a change in depression and anxiety symptoms after Trikafta initiation? Study Design and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with CF ( n = 127) receiving care from January 2015 through February 2022. Data collected included demographics, annual PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores, FEV1 percent predicted at each visit, BMI, consistency and timeline of Trikafta use, mental health diagnoses, counseling/psychotherapy use, psychiatric medication use, prescriber of psychiatric medications, number of psychiatric emergency department visits and psychiatric hospital admissions, and sleep disturbances. Results: Of the 127 patients screened for eligibility, 100 patients were included. Data collected yielded 563 PHQ-9, 563 GAD-7, and 560 ppFEV1 data points. No significant changes in average PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores were found after Trikafta initiation or due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, 22% of patients initiated or had a change in psychiatric medications, and patients with changes in psychiatric medications had significantly higher PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores than patients not prescribed psychiatric medications. Trikafta use improved lung function by an average of 5.23% ( p = 8.56e−08). Around a quarter (23%) of all patients reported sleep issues after initiating Trikafta. Interpretation: No significant changes in average PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found after Trikafta initiation. A quarter of patients required a change in psychiatric medications, and significant differences in depression and anxiety scores were found between patients with a change in psychiatric medications and those not prescribed medication. Twenty-three percent of patients reported a prevalence of sleep issues after Trikafta initiation.
Self-Powered Fine Dust Filtration Using Triboelectrification-Induced Electric Field
Authors: Kim Young-Jun , Kim Hyoung Taek , Lee Jeong Hwan , Suh In-Yong , Kim Sang-Woo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) in the environment can adversely affect the health of living things. However, high removal efficiency and low-pressure loss are crucial design challenges for any air filtration system. To circumvent the challenge, here, we demonstrate a novel triboelectric (TE) air filtration system that is based on a rotation-type triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and a filter comprising two sets of plates: primary and secondary, that are placed in the airflow channel. When the TENG charges the two plate sets with opposite charges, the flowing air particles are charged at the primary plates and are collected, due to an electric field, at the secondary plates. The TE filter has demonstrated a PM2.5 removal efficiency of ~ 99.97% for the fine dust particles, and it remains stable even after several washing cycles. The pressure loss is almost two orders less than the high-efficiency particulate air filter. Since the airflow itself can drive the TENG, the TE filter can potentially be integrated with any air conditioning system for fine dust filtration in offices, automobiles, etc.
Cryptococcus neoformans endocarditis in an immunocompetentpatient a case report
Authors: McGuire Colin N. , Walter Dylan J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cryptococcus neoformans is an invasive fungal infection commonly affecting immunocompromised patients as pneumonia or meningitis. More rarely, case reports describe Cryptococcus neoformans endocarditis, though nearly exclusively among patients with active immunosuppression, implanted cardiac devices or prosthetic valves.

Case presentation
We report the case of a patient with underlying substance abuse disorder and systolic heart failure presenting with fever, altered mental status, and shower emboli subsequently found to have native tricuspid valve vegetations and blood cultures positive for cryptococcus neoformans in the absence of immunosuppression.

Conclusions
Historically, Cryptococcus neoformans fungemia manifests clinically as pneumonia or meningitis among the immunosuppressed. There have been rare reports of endocarditis in this population and even fewer reports of native valve endocarditis exist. The present case along with mortality reported in prior literature, suggest suspicion must be maintained in the absence of immunosuppression, even in patients with native valves.