bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability and individual differences in L2 sociolinguistic evaluations: The GROUP, the INDIVIDUAL and the HOMOGENEOUS ENSEMBLE
Authors: Wirtz Mason A. , Pfenninger Simone E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study is the first to investigate subject-level variability in sociolinguistic evaluative judgements by 30 adult L2 German learners and explore whether the observed variability is characterizable as a function of individual differences in proficiency, exposure, and motivation. Because group-level estimates did not paint an accurate picture of the individual, we propose methods capable of integrating population-level estimates with person- and ensemble-centered approaches so as to reconcile generalizability and individuality. Using random effects from Bayesian mixed-effects models, we found that global subject-level variability in evaluative judgements was not predicted by individual differences. By building homogeneous ensembles (i.e., subgroups of individuals with similar evaluative judgements), however, it was possible to assess whether ensembles were characteristic of certain levels of individual differences. This ensemble-centered approach presents an innovative way to address the group-to-individual generalizability issue in cross-sectional data and transcend individual variability in order to make tentative generalizations of individual cases to wider populations.
Conferences of the Parties beyond international environmental law: How COPs influence the content and implementation of their parent treaties
Authors: Rioseco Sebastián 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConferences of the Parties (COPs) are intergovernmental meetings established by treaties to review and promote the implementation of their provisions. The literature on COPs is limited and almost exclusively based on multilateral environmental agreements. The article departs from this scholarship to show that COPs are now present in different areas of international law and to discuss some of the ways in which these bodies influence the conventions that establish them. In particular, it considers how COPs affect the content and the implementation of their parent treaties. The article focuses on the bodies established by four treaties selected as case studies: the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; the Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions; the Convention on Cluster Munitions; and the United Nations Convention against Corruption. Based on the examination of the normative decisions adopted by these organs, the article argues that COPs’ activities (i) specify and develop the content of their parent treaties by setting procedural and substantive standards that states parties must meet to comply with their obligations; and (ii) support the implementation of their parent treaties by seeking to strengthen their social and political position, facilitating the adoption of measures by states parties. COPs pursue this second goal by building momentum in favour of the implementation of their treaties, stigmatizing their adversaries, and connecting their conventions with established international legal narratives.
The history of a cluster of large icebergs on leaving the Weddell Sea pack ice and their impact on the ocean
Authors: Bigg Grant R. , Marsh Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe life history and oceanic impact of three very large icebergs that escaped together from the Weddell Sea sea ice, near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, are traced from March 2014. Despite the initial proximity of these three icebergs, they followed very different trajectories across the South Atlantic until their eventual break-up and melting 1 year later. The largest, giant iceberg, B17a, spent extensive periods grounded near two different islands. The triplet's gradual melting is examined through the impact on the icebergs' dimensions, but also the meltwater's oceanic influence on the local salinity and primary productivity. It is found that there was generally a significant local surface and mixed-layer freshening of a few tenths of a practical salinity unit, up to several hundred kilometres away from the 10–20 km-sized icebergs. In contrast, the chlorophyll impact was highly temporally variable, although it tended to be larger in the summer. Break-up of these large icebergs did not occur until near the end of their life. We also show that modelling the trajectories of individual very large icebergs can be reasonable for up to 2 weeks if the characteristics of the iceberg and the local ocean and atmospheric forcing are well known.
More Process, Less Principles: The Ethics of Deploying AI and Robotics in Medicine
Authors: Palmer Amitabha , Schwan David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrent national and international guidelines for the ethical design and development of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics emphasize ethical theory. Various governing and advisory bodies have generated sets of broad ethical principles, which institutional decisionmakers are encouraged to apply to particular practical decisions. Although much of this literature examines the ethics of designing and developing AI and robotics, medical institutions typically must make purchase and deployment decisions about technologies that have already been designed and developed. The primary problem facing medical institutions is not one of ethical design but of ethical deployment. The purpose of this paper is to develop a practical model by which medical institutions may make ethical deployment decisions about ready-made advanced technologies. Our slogan is “more process, less principles.” Ethically sound decisionmaking requires that the process by which medical institutions make such decisions include participatory, deliberative, and conservative elements. We argue that our model preserves the strengths of existing frameworks, avoids their shortcomings, and delivers its own moral, practical, and epistemic advantages.
Aborted sudden cardiac death and a severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a 2-year-old
Authors: Peña Faith , Jones Ryan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a reported prevalence of 1/500, compound, double, and triple mutations are infrequent. There is phenotypic variation between individuals with HCM, making disease course difficult to predict. There is some debate as to whether multiple mutations confer a worse prognosis and the extent to which the mutations affect an individual’s prognosis. We report a case of homozygous MYBPC3 mutations in a 2-year-old presenting with aborted sudden cardiac death and a severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Contending for the cosmos: a Zoroastrian poet’s mysterious rival
Authors: Dastur Arish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ancient Zoroastrian hymn of worship dedicated to the frauuaṣ̌i-s (affirmative choices) of righteous mortals and divinities refers to an important discourse that takes place between an unnamed Zoroastrian poet-sage and his mysterious rival, named Gaōtəma. The figure of Gaōtəma has intrigued Avestan scholars through the years, but the significance and the implications of Gaōtəma's identity, and of his presence in the hymn, has to date not been seriously studied. This article first examines the context in which Gaōtəma is presented in the hymn. Building upon this, it then evaluates four potential identities for Gaōtəma: Avestan, Turanian, Buddhist, and Vedic. Conducting a multidisciplinary and comparative assessment, the article eventually argues in favour of a Vedic identity for Gaōtəma, specifically that of a poet-sage who was a proponent of the Rig Vedic divinity Indra. This investigation into Gaōtəma's identity concomitantly provides important perspectives on certain aspects of the Zoroastrian religion, and often in a comparative context.
Association between intimate partner violence and leukocyte telomere length: a retrospective cohort study of 144 049 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Chan Ko Ling , Lo Camilla K. M. , Chen Xiao-Yan , Ip Patrick , Leung Wing Cheong , Shiels Paul G. , Pell Jill P. , Minnis Helen , Ho Frederick K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge negatively affecting victims’ health. Telomere length (TL), a marker for biological ageing, might be reflective of the mechanisms through which IPV leads to adverse health outcomes. The objective of the current study was to explore the association between IPV and leucocyte TL.

Methods
We conducted an analysis using a subset of the UK Biobank (N = 144 049). Physical, sexual and emotional IPV were reported by the participants. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. TL was assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We used multivariable linear regressions to test the associations between IPV and TL adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, education, as well as symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in a sensitivity analysis.

Results
After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, any IPV was associated with 0.02-s.d. shorter TL (β = −0.02, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.01). Of the three types of IPV, physical violence had a marginally stronger association (β = −0.05, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.02) than the other two types. The associations of numbers of IPV and TL showed a dose–response pattern whereby those who experienced all three types of IPV types had the shortest TL (β = −0.07, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.03), followed by those who experienced two types (β = −0.04, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.01). Following additional adjustment for symptoms of depression and PTSD, the associations were slightly attenuated but the general trend by number of IPVs remained.

Conclusions
Victims of IPV, particularly those exposed to multiple types of IPVs, had shorter TL indicative of accelerated biological ageing. Given that all three types of IPV are linked to TL, clinical practitioners need to comprehensively identify all types of IPV and those who received multiple types. Further studies should explore the association of violence with changes in TL over time, as well as to which extent biological ageing is a mechanistic factor.
Terrestrial Heat Flow Variation With Depth Caused by Anomalously High Radiogenic Heat Production
Authors: Wang Yibo , Furlong Kevin , Fuchs Sven , He Lijuan , Hu Shengbiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurface Heat flow (HF) can be calculated from the accumulation of radiogenic heat production (RHP) of arbitrarily subdivided thin layers of the crust and the residual HF. However, geothermal studies of scientific drilling projects around the world do not have clear vertical correspondence between HF and RHP, which has created a great controversy for the relationship between the two. For the first time, continuous temperature data, thermal conductivity and RHP measurements from the 3,008‐m‐deep Lujiang‐Zongyang Scientific Drilling in the northeastern Yangtze Craton, demonstrate that the abnormal HF is determined by high RHP rock (mean value, 10 μW/m3). The detailed spatial‐temporal study of magmatic activity in the Lujiang‐Zongyang basin shows the high RHP rock are concentrated in the early syenite‐monzonite period (133–131 Ma) in the northern basin. Two enrichment processes caused by late Neoproterozoic and Mesozoic subduction contribute to the formation.
Improving E3SM Land Model Photosynthesis Parameterization via Satellite SIF, Machine Learning, and Surrogate Modeling
Authors: Chen Anping , Ricciuto Daniel , Mao Jiafu , Wang Jiawei , Lu Dan , Meng Fandong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe parameterization of key photosynthesis parameters is one of the key uncertain sources in modeling ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP). Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) offers a good proxy for GPP since it marks the actual process of photosynthesis; while machine learning (ML) provides a robust approach to model the GPP‐SIF relationship. Here, we trained the boosted regressing tree (BRT) and the Random Forest ML models with Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite SIF data and in situ GPP observations from 49 eddy covariance towers. These trained ML GPP‐SIF models were fed into the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM) to generate ELM‐simulated global SIF estimates, which were then benchmarked against satellite SIF observations with a surrogate modeling approach. Our results indicated good modeling performance of the ML‐based GPP‐SIF relationship. The ELM model when fed with the ML GPP‐SIF models also can well predict the spatial‐temporal variations in SIF. We also found high model accuracy for the surrogate modeling. Model parameter sensitivity analysis suggested that the fraction of leaf nitrogen in RuBisCO (flnr) is the most sensitive parameter to the SIF; other sensitive parameters include the Ball‐Berry stomatal conductance slope (mbbopt) and the vcmax entropy (vcmaxse). The posterior uncertainty in simulated GPP was greatly reduced after benchmarking, and the model produced improved spatial patterns of mean GPP relative to FLUXCOM GPP. Our integrated approach provides a new avenue for improving land models and using remote‐sensing SIF, which can be further improved in the future with more ground‐ and satellite‐based observations.
Tropical Forcing of Barents‐Kara Sea Ice During Autumn
Authors: Warner James L. , Screen James A. , Scaife Adam A. , Maidens Anna , Knight Jeff 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe causality of the link between Autumn Barents‐Kara (BK) sea ice and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is uncertain, given teleconnections stemming from the tropics may influence both the extra‐tropics and the Arctic. We explore the relationship between tropical rainfall and BK sea ice in autumn, by nudging the tropics to follow observed variability in otherwise free running ensemble simulations. Tropical forcing alone can skillfully reproduce a significant fraction of observed interannual NAO variability in late autumn. We also show that interannual variability in the NAO is strongly related to simulated BK sea ice. As a result, we are able to reproduce some of the observed link between tropical rainfall and autumn BK sea ice. However, only during the strong 1997 El Niño are clear tropical influences at high latitudes found. Large ensembles and strong tropical forcing are required to detect tropical forced variability in models at high latitudes.
Blocking the CD47-SIRPα interaction reverses the disease phenotype in a polycythemia vera mouse model
Authors: Lysenko Veronika , Schürch Patrick M. , Tuzlak Selma , van Wijk Nicole Wildner-Verhey , Kovtonyuk Larisa V. , Becher Burkhard , Manz Markus G. , Kreutmair Stefanie , Theocharides Alexandre P. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) is a hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm driven by somatic mutations in JAK2, leading to increased red blood cell (RBC) production uncoupled from mechanisms that regulate physiological erythropoiesis. At steady-state, bone marrow macrophages promote erythroid maturation, whereas splenic macrophages phagocytose aged or damaged RBCs. The binding of the anti-phagocytic (“don’t eat me”) CD47 ligand expressed on RBCs to the SIRPα receptor on macrophages inhibits phagocytic activity protecting RBCs from phagocytosis. In this study, we explore the role of the CD47-SIRPα interaction on the PV RBC life cycle. Our results show that blocking CD47-SIRPα in a PV mouse model due to either anti-CD47 treatment or loss of the inhibitory SIRPα-signal corrects the polycythemia phenotype. Anti-CD47 treatment marginally impacted PV RBC production while not influencing erythroid maturation. However, upon anti-CD47 treatment, high-parametric single-cell cytometry identified an increase of MerTK+ splenic monocyte-derived effector cells, which differentiate from Ly6Chi monocytes during inflammatory conditions, acquire an inflammatory phagocytic state. Furthermore, in vitro, functional assays showed that splenic JAK2 mutant macrophages were more “pro-phagocytic,” suggesting that PV RBCs exploit the CD47-SIRPα interaction to escape innate immune attacks by clonal JAK2 mutant macrophages.
Which one is better for refractory/relapsed acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia: Single-target (CD19) or dual-target (tandem or sequential CD19/CD22) CAR T-cell therapy?
Authors: Liu Sining , Zhang Xinyue , Dai Haiping , Cui Wei , Yin Jia , Li Zheng , Yang Xiao , Yang Chunxiu , Xue Shengli , Qiu Huiying , Miao Miao , Chen Suning , Jin Zhengming , Fu Chengcheng , Li Caixia , Sun Aining , Han Yue , Wang Ying , Yu Lei , Wu Depei , Cui Qingya , Tang Xiaowen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown great success against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Tandem and sequential CD19/CD22 dual-target CAR T-cell therapies have been developed to reduce the possibility of CD19-negative relapse; however, the superior strategy is still uncertain. This study screened 219 patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL who were enrolled in clinical trials of either CD19 (NCT03919240) or CD19/CD22 CAR T-cell therapy (NCT03614858). The complete remission (CR) rates in the single CD19, tandem CD19/CD22, and sequential CD19/CD22 groups were 83.0% (122/147), 98.0% (50/51), and 95.2% (20/21), respectively (single CD19 vs. tandem CD19/CD22, P = 0.006). Patients with high-risk factors achieved a higher rate of CR in the tandem CD19/CD22 group than in the single CD19 group (100.0% vs. 82.4%, P = 0.017). Tandem CD19/CD22 CAR T-cell therapy was one of the significant favorable factors in the multivariate analysis of the CR rate. The incidence of adverse events was similar among the three groups. Multivariable analysis in CR patients showed that a low frequency of relapse, a low tumor burden, minimal residual disease-negative CR and bridging to transplantation were independently associated with better leukemia-free survival. Our findings suggested that tandem CD19/CD22 CAR T-cell therapy obtains a better response than CD19 CAR T-cell therapy and a similar response to sequential CD19/CD22 CAR T-cell therapy.
Combined inhibition of BCL-2 and MCL-1 overcomes BAX deficiency-mediated resistance of TP53-mutant acute myeloid leukemia to individual BH3 mimetics
Authors: Carter Bing Z. , Mak Po Yee , Tao Wenjing , Ayoub Edward , Ostermann Lauren B. , Huang Xuelin , Loghavi Sanam , Boettcher Steffen , Nishida Yuki , Ruvolo Vivian , Hughes Paul E. , Morrow Phuong K. , Haferlach Torsten , Kornblau Steven , Muftuoglu Muharrem , Andreeff Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTP53-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) respond poorly to currently available treatments, including venetoclax-based drug combinations and pose a major therapeutic challenge. Analyses of RNA sequencing and reverse phase protein array datasets revealed significantly lower BAX RNA and protein levels in TP53-mutant compared to TP53–wild-type (WT) AML, a finding confirmed in isogenic CRISPR-generated TP53-knockout and -mutant AML. The response to either BCL-2 (venetoclax) or MCL-1 (AMG176) inhibition was BAX-dependent and much reduced in TP53-mutant compared to TP53-WT cells, while the combination of two BH3 mimetics effectively activated BAX, circumventing survival mechanisms in cells treated with either BH3 mimetic, and synergistically induced cell death in TP53-mutant AML and stem/progenitor cells. The BH3 mimetic–driven stress response and cell death patterns after dual inhibition were largely independent of TP53 status and affected by apoptosis induction. Co-targeting, but not individual targeting of BCL-2 and MCL-1 in mice xenografted with TP53-WT and TP53-R248W Molm13 cells suppressed both TP53-WT and TP53-mutant cell growth and significantly prolonged survival. Our results demonstrate that co-targeting BCL-2 and MCL-1 overcomes BAX deficiency-mediated resistance to individual BH3 mimetics in TP53-mutant cells, thus shifting cell fate from survival to death in TP53-deficient and -mutant AML. This concept warrants clinical evaluation.
Unravelling rechargeable zinc-copper batteries by a chloride shuttle in a biphasic electrolyte
Authors: Xu Chen , Lei Chengjun , Li Jinye , He Xin , Jiang Pengjie , Wang Huijian , Liu Tingting , Liang Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe zinc-copper redox couple exhibits several merits, which motivated us to reconstruct the rechargeable Daniell cell by combining chloride shuttle chemistry in a zinc chloride-based aqueous/organic biphasic electrolyte. An ion-selective interface was established to restrict the copper ions in the aqueous phase while ensuring chloride transfer. We demonstrated that the copper-water-chloro solvation complexes are the descriptors, which are predominant in aqueous solutions with optimized concentrations of zinc chloride; thus, copper crossover is prevented. Without this prevention, the copper ions are mostly in the hydration state and exhibit high spontaneity to be solvated in the organic phase. The zinc-copper cell delivers a highly reversible capacity of 395 mAh g−1 with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency, affording a high energy density of 380 Wh kg−1 based on the copper chloride mass. The proposed battery chemistry is expandable to other metal chlorides, which widens the cathode materials available for aqueous chloride ion batteries.
Addressable and adaptable intercellular communication via DNA messaging
Authors: Marken John P. , Murray Richard M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEngineered consortia are a major research focus for synthetic biologists because they can implement sophisticated behaviors inaccessible to single-strain systems. However, this functional capacity is constrained by their constituent strains’ ability to engage in complex communication. DNA messaging, by enabling information-rich channel-decoupled communication, is a promising candidate architecture for implementing complex communication. But its major advantage, its messages’ dynamic mutability, is still unexplored. We develop a framework for addressable and adaptable DNA messaging that leverages all three of these advantages and implement it using plasmid conjugation in E. coli. Our system can bias the transfer of messages to targeted receiver strains by 100- to 1000-fold, and their recipient lists can be dynamically updated in situ to control the flow of information through the population. This work lays the foundation for future developments that further utilize the unique advantages of DNA messaging to engineer previously-inaccessible levels of complexity into biological systems.