bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning to Determine Morphologies of z < 1 AGN Host Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Survey
Authors: Tian 田 Chuan 川 , Urry C. Megan , Ghosh Aritra , Ofman Ryan , Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Auge Connor , Cappelluti Nico , Powell Meredith C. , Sanders David B. , Schawinski Kevin , Stark Dominic , Tremblay Grant R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a machine-learning framework to accurately characterize the morphologies of active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies within z < 1. We first use PSFGAN to decouple host galaxy light from the central point source, then we invoke the Galaxy Morphology Network (GaMorNet) to estimate whether the host galaxy is disk-dominated, bulge-dominated, or indeterminate. Using optical images from five bands of the HSC Wide Survey, we build models independently in three redshift bins: low (0 < z < 0.25), mid (0.25 < z < 0.5), and high (0.5 < z < 1.0). By first training on a large number of simulated galaxies, then fine-tuning using far fewer classified real galaxies, our framework predicts the actual morphology for ∼60%–70% of the host galaxies from test sets, with a classification precision of ∼80%–95%, depending on the redshift bin. Specifically, our models achieve a disk precision of 96%/82%/79% and bulge precision of 90%/90%/80% (for the three redshift bins) at thresholds corresponding to indeterminate fractions of 30%/43%/42%. The classification precision of our models has a noticeable dependency on host galaxy radius and magnitude. No strong dependency is observed on contrast ratio. Comparing classifications of real AGNs, our models agree well with traditional 2D fitting with GALFIT. The PSFGAN+GaMorNet framework does not depend on the choice of fitting functions or galaxy-related input parameters, runs orders of magnitude faster than GALFIT, and is easily generalizable via transfer learning, making it an ideal tool for studying AGN host galaxy morphology in forthcoming large imaging surveys.
Inferring the Energy and Distance Distributions of Fast Radio Bursts Using the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
Authors: Shin Kaitlyn , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Bhardwaj Mohit , Cassanelli Tomas , Chawla Pragya , Dobbs Matt , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Fonseca Emmanuel , Gaensler B. M. , Herrera-Martín Antonio , Kaczmarek Jane , Kaspi Victoria , Leung Calvin , Merryfield Marcus , Michilli Daniele , Münchmeyer Moritz , Pearlman Aaron B. , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Smith Kendrick , Stairs Ingrid , Tendulkar Shriharsh P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief, energetic, typically extragalactic flashes of radio emission whose progenitors are largely unknown. Although studying the FRB population is essential for understanding how these astrophysical phenomena occur, such studies have been difficult to conduct without large numbers of FRBs and characterizable observational biases. Using the recently released catalog of 536 FRBs published by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment/Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) collaboration, we present a study of the FRB population that also calibrates for selection effects. Assuming a Schechter function, we infer a characteristic energy cut-off of

E

char

=

2.38

−
1.64

+
5.35

×

10

41

erg and a differential power-law index of γ =

−

1.3

−
0.4

+
0.7

. Simultaneously, we infer a volumetric rate of [

7.3

−
3.8

+
8.8

(stat.)

−
1.8

+
2.0

(
sys
.
)
]
×

10

4

Gpc−3 yr−1 above a pivot energy of 1039 erg and below a scattering timescale of 10 ms at 600 MHz, and find we cannot significantly constrain the cosmic evolution of the FRB population with star-formation rate. Modeling the host’s dispersion measure (DM) contribution as a log-normal distribution and assuming a total Galactic contribution of 80 pc cm−3, we find a median value of

DM

host

=

84

−
49

+
69

pc cm−3, comparable with values typically used in the literature. Proposed models for FRB progenitors should be consistent with the energetics and abundances of the full FRB population predicted by our results. Finally, we infer the redshift distribution of FRBs detected with CHIME, which will be tested with the localizations and redshifts enabled by the upcoming CHIME/FRB Outriggers project.
The Bimodal Absorption System Imaging Campaign (BASIC). I. A Dual Population of Low-metallicity Absorbers at z < 1
Authors: Berg Michelle A. , Lehner Nicolas , Howk J. Christopher , O’Meara John M. , Schaye Joop , Straka Lorrie A. , Cooksey Kathy L. , Tripp Todd M. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Johnson Sean D. , Muzahid Sowgat , Bordoloi Rongmon , Werk Jessica K. , Fox Andrew J. , Katz Neal , Wendt Martin , Peeples Molly S. , Ribaudo Joseph , Tumlinson Jason 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The bimodal absorption system imaging campaign (BASIC) aims to characterize the galaxy environments of a sample of 36 H i-selected partial Lyman limit systems (pLLSs) and Lyman limit systems (LLSs) in 23 QSO fields at z ≲ 1. These pLLSs/LLSs provide a unique sample of absorbers with unbiased and well-constrained metallicities, allowing us to explore the origins of metal-rich and low-metallicity circumgalactic medium (CGM) at z < 1. Here we present Keck/KCWI and Very Large Telescope/MUSE observations of 11 of these QSO fields (19 pLLSs) that we combine with Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging to identify and characterize the absorber-associated galaxies at 0.16 ≲ z ≲ 0.84. We find 23 unique absorber-associated galaxies, with an average of one associated galaxy per absorber. For seven absorbers, all with <10% solar metallicities, we find no associated galaxies with

log

M

⋆

≳
9.0

within ρ/R
vir and ∣Δv∣/v
esc ≤ 1.5 with respect to the absorber. We do not find any strong correlations between the metallicities or H i column densities of the gas and most of the galaxy properties, except for the stellar mass of the galaxies: the low-metallicity ([X/H] ≤ −1.4) systems have a probability of

0.39

−
0.15

+
0.16

for having a host galaxy with

log

M

⋆

≥
9.0

within ρ/R
vir ≤ 1.5, while the higher metallicity absorbers have a probability of

0.78

−
0.13

+
0.10

. This implies metal-enriched pLLSs/LLSs at z < 1 are typically associated with the CGM of galaxies with

log

M

⋆

>
9.0

, whereas low-metallicity pLLSs/LLSs are found in more diverse locations, with one population arising in the CGM of galaxies and another more broadly distributed in overdense regions of the universe. Using absorbers not associated with galaxies, we estimate the unweighted geometric mean metallicity of the intergalactic medium to be [X/H] ≲ −2.1 at z < 1, which is lower than previously estimated.
Coronal Loop Heating by Nearly Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic and Reduced Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Models
Authors: Yalim M. S. , Zank G. P. , Asgari-Targhi M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The transport of waves and turbulence beyond the photosphere is central to the coronal heating problem. Turbulence in the quiet solar corona has been modeled on the basis of the nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (NI MHD) theory to describe the transport of low-frequency turbulence in open magnetic field regions. It describes the evolution of the coupled majority quasi-2D and minority slab component, driven by the magnetic carpet and advected by a subsonic, sub-Alfvénic flow from the lower corona. In this paper, we couple the NI MHD turbulence transport model with an MHD model of the solar corona to study the heating problem in a coronal loop. In a realistic benchmark coronal loop problem, we find that a loop can be heated to ∼1.5 million K by transport and dissipation of MHD turbulence described by the NI MHD model. We also find that the majority 2D component is as important as the minority slab component in the heating of the coronal loop. We compare our coupled MHD/NI MHD model results with a reduced MHD (RMHD) model. An important distinction between these models is that RMHD solves for small-scale velocity and magnetic field fluctuations and obtains the actual viscous/resistive dissipation associated with their evolution whereas NI MHD evolves scalar moments of the fluctuating velocity and magnetic fields and approximates dissipation using an MHD turbulence phenomenology. Despite the basic differences between the models, their simulation results match remarkably well, yielding almost identical heating rates inside the corona.
Coronal Abundances in an Active Region: Evolution and Underlying Chromospheric and Transition Region Properties
Authors: Testa Paola , Martínez-Sykora Juan , De Pontieu Bart 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The element abundances in the solar corona and solar wind are often different from those of the solar photosphere, typically with a relative enrichment of elements with low first ionization potential (FIP effect). Here, we study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the coronal chemical composition in an active region (AR) over about 10 days, using Hinode/EIS spectra, and we also analyze coordinated IRIS observations of the chromospheric and transition region emission to investigate any evidence of the footprints of the FIP effect in the lower atmosphere. To derive the coronal abundances, we use a spectral inversion method recently developed for the MUSE investigation. We find that, in the studied active region (AR 12738), the coronal FIP bias, as diagnosed by the Si/S abundance ratio, presents significant spatial variations, with its highest values (∼2.5–3.5) in the outflow regions at the boundary of the AR, but typically modest temporal variability. Some moss regions and some regions around the AR sunspot show enhanced FIP bias (∼2–2.5) with respect to the AR core, which has only a small FIP bias of ∼1.5. The FIP bias appears most variable in these moss regions. The IRIS observations reveal that the chromospheric turbulence, as derived from IRIS2 inversions of the Mg ii spectra, is enhanced in the outflow regions characterized by the high FIP bias, providing significant new constraints to both models aimed at explaining the formation of AR outflows and models of chemical fractionation.
Discovery of Hydrogen Radio Recombination Lines at z = 0.89 toward PKS 1830-211
Authors: Emig Kimberly L. , Gupta Neeraj , Salas Pedro , Muller Sébastien , Balashev Sergei A. , Combes Françoise , Momjian Emmanuel , Song Yiqing , Jagannathan Preshanth , Deka Partha P. , Józsa Gyula I. G. , Klöckner Hans-Rainer , Mohapatra Abhisek , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Petitjean Patrick , Srianand Raghunathan , Wagenveld Jonah D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report the detection of stimulated hydrogen radio recombination line (RRL) emission from ionized gas in a z = 0.89 galaxy using 580–1670 MHz observations from the MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey. The RRL emission originates in a galaxy that intercepts and strongly lenses the radio blazar PKS 1830−211 (z = 2.5). This is the second detection of RRLs outside of the local Universe and the first clearly associated with hydrogen. We detect effective H144α (and H163α) transitions at observed frequencies of 1156 (798) MHz by stacking 17 (27) RRLs with 21σ (14σ) significance. The RRL emission contains two main velocity components and is coincident in velocity with H i 21 cm and OH 18 cm absorption. We use the RRL spectral line energy distribution and a Bayesian analysis to constrain the density (n

e
) and the volume-averaged path length (ℓ) of the ionized gas. We determine

log
(

n

e

)
=

2.0

−
0.7

+
1.0

cm−3 and

log
(
ℓ
)
=
−

0.7

−
1.1

+
1.1

pc toward the northeast (NE) lensed image, likely tracing the diffuse thermal phase of the ionized ISM in a thin disk. Toward the southwest (SW) lensed image, we determine

log
(

n

e

)
=

3.2

−
1.0

+
0.4

cm−3 and

log
(
ℓ
)
=
−

2.7

−
0.2

+
1.8

pc, tracing gas that is more reminiscent of H scii regions. We estimate a star formation (surface density) rate of ΣSFR ∼ 0.6 M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2 or SFR ∼ 50 M
⊙ yr−1, consistent with a star-forming main-sequence galaxy of M
⋆ ∼ 1011
M
⊙. The discovery presented here opens up the possibility of studying ionized gas at high redshifts using RRL observations from current and future (e.g., SKA and ngVLA) radio facilities.
Dark Comets? Unexpectedly Large Nongravitational Accelerations on a Sample of Small Asteroids
Authors: Seligman Darryl Z. , Farnocchia Davide , Micheli Marco , Vokrouhlický David , Taylor Aster G. , Chesley Steven R. , Bergner Jennifer B. , Vereš Peter , Hainaut Olivier R. , Meech Karen J. , Devogele Maxime , Pravec Petr , Matson Rob , Deen Sam , Tholen David J. , Weryk Robert , Rivera-Valentín Edgard G. , Sharkey Benjamin N. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report statistically significant detections of nonradial, nongravitational accelerations based on astrometric data in the photometrically inactive objects 1998 KY26, 2005 VL1, 2016 NJ33, 2010 VL65, 2016 RH120, and 2010 RF12. The magnitudes of the nongravitational accelerations are greater than those typically induced by the Yarkovsky effect, and there is no radiation-based, nonradial effect that can be so large. Therefore, we hypothesize that the accelerations are driven by outgassing and calculate implied H2O production rates for each object. We attempt to reconcile outgassing-induced acceleration with the lack of visible comae or photometric activity via the absence of surface dust and low levels of gas production. Although these objects are small, and some are rapidly rotating, the surface cohesive forces are stronger than the rotational forces, and rapid rotation alone cannot explain the lack of surface debris. It is possible that surface dust was removed previously, perhaps via outgassing activity that increased the rotation rates to their present-day value. We calculate dust production rates of order ∼10−4 g s−1 in each object, assuming that the nuclei are bare, within the upper limits of dust production from a sample stacked image of 1998 KY26 of

M

̇

Dust

<
0.2

g s−1. This production corresponds to brightness variations of order ∼0.0025%, which are undetectable in extant photometric data. We assess the future observability of each of these targets and find that the orbit of 1998 KY26—which is also the target of the extended Hayabusa2 mission—exhibits favorable viewing geometry before 2025.
Virtual Reality Adventures as an Effort to Improve the Quality of Welding Technology Learning During a Pandemic
Authors: Prasetya Febri , Fajri Bayu Ramadhani , Wulansari Rizky Ema , Primawati  , Fortuna Aprilla 
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries affected by changes in the education system and learning activities. Learning media aims at attracting students' interest in improving their cognitive and understanding of learning. The selection of media should be based on the following criteria: effective, useful, flexible, affordably accessible, and most importantly in line with learning objectives. Therefore, Virtual Reality-based learning media is the right technology for building online learning conditions to appear more real and real-time. This study aims to develop a VR-based learning media for welding technology courses. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D development model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Stages are carried out in stages with analytical and experimental formulations. The results showed that the total average indicators of the VR learning media material validation witch was 0.87 (valid) and the design validation assessment was 0.88 (valid). It can be concluded that the validation results of the learning media developed are declared valid and have been well tested, and are effective to be applied to welding technology learning.
Facteurs socioéconomiques et décrochage des études au premier cycle universitaire
Authors: SUEBANG Alex Romeo , MAINGARI Daouda 
Published: February 2023

La question du décrochage scolaire au Cameroun n’a jusqu’ici porté que sur les enseignements primaire et secondaire (Ngoufo Yemedi, 2004 ; Noumba, 2008 ; Ntouda Betsogo, 2011). La présente étude s’interroge sur les facteurs pouvant être en relation avec le décrochage des études universitaires dans le pays. Son objectif est donc d’examiner le lien existant entre les facteurs socioéconomiques et le décrochage des études au premier cycle de la FALSH à l’Université de Yaoundé I. L’étude est basée sur un projet de recherche quantitatif faisant appel au questionnaire comme instrument de collecte des données. Les résultats obtenus ont été interprétés à partir de la théorie sociale de Baudelot et Establet (1971) et Mballa Owono (1986) et la théorie économique du capital humain de Becker (1964). Ces résultats montrent l’existence d’une relation entre trois facteurs (niveau d’instruction du père, niveau socioprofessionnel du père, temps passé par l’étudiant dans un emploi rémunéré durant les études par semaine) et le décrochage études au premier cycle de la FALSH à l’Université de Yaoundé I.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Apron Contamination among Health-Care Professionals of a Rural Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Boppanna Sri Harsha , Kutikuppala L. V. Simhachalam , Sivaraj Nagarjuna , Raman Kesava Venkata , Radhika B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Pathogenic microorganisms are ubiquitous, and the potential of transferring harmful microorganisms in hospitals has always been a worry. Many studies have concluded that white coats worn by physicians and nurses, as well as other hospital clothes, may have a role in the transfer of dangerous microorganisms in hospitals. Many types of clothing and equipment, including stethoscopes, otoscopes, thermometers, and physicians’ white coats, have been identified as potentially pathogen-carrying.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care setting, where all participants were informed about the study and offered the option to provide informed consent as well as complete a questionnaire. The participants have accepted and provided informed consent as well as questionnaire. The study comprised 100 aprons from health-care workers (interns, PG students, UG students, and faculty).

Results:
Males and females made up 27% and 73% of the study’s total participants, respectively. Students made up 80% of the participants, whereas professors made up 20%. Only 11% of those who took part in the study had the practice of switching aprons. Distinct species grew in 85% of aprons’ chests, 81% of aprons’ pockets, and 65% of aprons’ sleeves. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common species discovered on aprons. Gram-negative microbes were also identified in small amounts from several aprons.

Conclusion:
Aprons can be a cause of cross-contamination, hence, wearing aprons in nonclinical places such as the cafeteria, classroom, and library should be prohibited to prevent bacterial contamination carried by health-care workers’ aprons.
Pre-diabetes in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bute Smita , Raut Sayali , Zingade Urjita 
Published: February 2023

Background:
More than 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus in India are unaware about their diabetic status. Pre-diabetes is a potential state for developing diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
The present cross-sectional hospital based observational study aimed to screen apparently healthy offspring of patients known to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Western Maharashtra region in India. The study was conducted in 187 offspring of T2DM patients between the age group of 18–50 years. Fasting blood glucose levels were tested in all of them.

Results:
Among offspring of T2DM patients, pre-diabetes was documented in 20.9% (14.4% in males, 6.4% in females). In the age group of 41–50 years, pre-diabetes was evident in 27.8% which was high compared with other age groups. Prediabetes among offspring with father with T2DM, mother with T2DM and both parents with T2DM were 10.7%, 30.3% respectively 23.5%.

Conclusions:
Our observations suggest that an association exists between positive family history of T2DM and pre-diabetes in Western Maharashtra. Screening offspring of patients with T2DM may be useful as a public health tool for early detection of T2DM.
A study of the association between virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species recovered from cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Siddiqui Rafat , Mendiratta Deepak Kumar , Siddiqui Aesha Farheen , Rukadikar Atul 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The incidence of mycotic infections, especially of Candida, has gradually increased over the past few years. In clinical practice, azoles are the most frequently used antifungal agents and the growing incidence of systemic candidiasis and resistance to antifungals have become a matter of concern worldwide. Virulence factors in Candida spp. may be critical for predicting the response of antifungal drugs.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify the relationship between virulence factors and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 55 Candida strains isolated from vulvovaginal samples of patients in the reproductive age group, presenting with signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis in a large tertiary care hospital in central India.

Results:
A majority of the Candida were sensitive to three tested drugs (89% to amphotericin B, 76.4% to fluconazole, and 89.1% to voriconazole). Resistance to fluconazole was highest at 16.4%. No significant relationships were identified between antifungal sensitivity of the three azoles with biofilm formation, phospholipase, or proteinase synthesis.

Conclusions:
High level of antifungal resistance to the three antifungals, especially to voriconazole, is worrisome; however, none of the virulence markers have a significant association with antifungal sensitivity of Candida species. This finding rules out the effect of the virulence of the pathogen on drug response.
Association of infant weight at one year of age with the mode of delivery: A case-control study in Primary Health Care Centers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Yousuf Aisha , Williams Simon , Mazrouei Kulaithem S. Al 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To demonstrate the association between body mass index (BMI) centile at age one year with the mode of delivery and selected maternal and infant variables in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Methods:
A retrospective case-control study where data were collected from the medical records of infants attending Primary Health Centers in 2019. Based on the World Health Organization 2006 growth standard, cases of overweight and obesity (n = 149) were defined as infants with BMI ≥85th centile, whereas controls (n = 434) were infants with a normal BMI between 3rd and <85th centile. Univariate analysis was performed first to compare the distribution of mode of delivery and other covariates between cases and controls. Adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated by logistic regression.

Results:
The adjOR for infant overweight and obesity at one year of age was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.39, P = 0.047) for a cesarean mode of delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. The analysis also showed that the adjOR for infant overweight and obesity was 2.67 (95% CI: 1.22, 5.85, P = 0.014) for having no siblings and 2.20 (95%CI: 1.07, 4.51, P = 0.032) for ≤4 siblings. In contrast, infant overweight and obesity was associated with a lower odds of breastfeeding (adjOR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.38, 0.92; P = 0.020) and mixed milk feeding (adjOR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.66; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
In this study, infant overweight and obesity was associated with a greater likelihood of cesarean mode of delivery and having ≤4 siblings. The absence of breastfeeding was also associated with infant overweight and obesity.