bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia patients with a history and presence of auditory verbal hallucination
Authors: Sone Mari , Koshiyama Daisuke , Zhu Yinghan , Maikusa Norihide , Okada Naohiro , Abe Osamu , Yamasue Hidenori , Kasai Kiyoto , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies have demonstrated structural brain abnormalities associated with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia, the results remain inconsistent because of the small sample sizes and the reliability of clinical interviews. We compared brain morphometries in 204 participants, including 58 schizophrenia patients with a history of AVH (AVH + ), 29 without a history of AVH (AVH−), and 117 healthy controls (HCs) based on a detailed inspection of medical records. We further divided the AVH+ group into 37 patients with and 21 patients without hallucinations at the time of the MRI scans (AVH++ and AVH+−, respectively) via clinical interviews to explore the morphological differences according to the persistence of AVH. The AVH + group had a smaller surface area in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus (F = 7.28, FDR-corrected p = 0.0008) and precentral gyrus (F = 7.68, FDR-corrected p = 0.0006) compared to the AVH− group. The AVH+ patients had a smaller surface area in the left insula (F = 7.06, FDR-corrected p = 0.001) and a smaller subcortical volume in the bilateral hippocampus (right: F = 13.34, FDR-corrected p = 0.00003; left: F = 6.80, FDR-corrected p = 0.001) compared to the HC group. Of these significantly altered areas, the AVH++ group showed significantly smaller bilateral hippocampal volumes compared to the AVH+− group, and a smaller surface area in the left precentral gyrus and caudal middle frontal gyrus compared to the AVH- group. Our findings highlighted the distinct pattern of structural alteration between the history and presence of AVH in schizophrenia, and the importance of integrating multiple criteria to elucidate the neuroanatomical mechanisms.
ERK/mTOR signaling may underlying the antidepressant actions of rapastinel in mice
Authors: Shen Mengxin , Lv Dan , Liu Xinya , Wang Chuang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapastinel as the allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) produces rapid antidepressant-like effects dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and VGF (nonacryonimic) release. Herein, we further explore the molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of repeated administration with rapastinel in mice. Our results showed that continuous 3-day rapastinel (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) produced antidepressant-like actions dependent on the increase in extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and downstream substrates p70S6 kinase (p70S6k) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), which may induce the expression of VGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice. Furthermore, compared with a single treatment, our data indicated that 3-day repeated rapastinel treatment produced antidepressant-like actions accompanied by potentiation of ERK/mTOR/VGF/BDNF/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling. Based on previous and our supplementary data that showed the pivotal role of on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in the rapid release of VGF and BDNF and activation of TrkB by a single dose of rapastinel, we postulate that the antidepressant-like effects of single or repeated administration of rapastinel may result in the rapid release of VGF and BDNF or ERK/mTOR signaling pathway-mediated VGF/BDNF/TrkB autoregulatory feedback loop respectively. Our current work adds new knowledge to the molecular mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant-like actions of rapastinel in mice.
Synaptic basis of a sub-second representation of time in a neural circuit model
Authors: Barri A. , Wiechert M. T. , Jazayeri M. , DiGregorio D. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTemporal sequences of neural activity are essential for driving well-timed behaviors, but the underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms remain elusive. We leveraged the well-defined architecture of the cerebellum, a brain region known to support temporally precise actions, to explore theoretically whether the experimentally observed diversity of short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) at the input layer could generate neural dynamics sufficient for sub-second temporal learning. A cerebellar circuit model equipped with dynamic synapses produced a diverse set of transient granule cell firing patterns that provided a temporal basis set for learning precisely timed pauses in Purkinje cell activity during simulated delay eyelid conditioning and Bayesian interval estimation. The learning performance across time intervals was influenced by the temporal bandwidth of the temporal basis, which was determined by the input layer synaptic properties. The ubiquity of STP throughout the brain positions it as a general, tunable cellular mechanism for sculpting neural dynamics and fine-tuning behavior.
Intracellular phase separation of globular proteins facilitated by short cationic peptides
Authors: Yeong Vivian , Wang Jou-wen , Horn Justin M. , Obermeyer Allie C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhase separation provides intracellular organization and underlies a variety of cellular processes. These biomolecular condensates exhibit distinct physical and material properties. Current strategies for engineering condensate formation include using intrinsically disordered domains and altering protein surface charge by chemical supercharging or site-specific mutagenesis. We propose adding to this toolbox designer peptide tags that provide several potential advantages for engineering protein phase separation in bacteria. Herein, we demonstrate the use of short cationic peptide tags for sequestration of proteins of interest into bacterial condensates and provide a foundational study for their development as tools for condensate engineering. Using a panel of GFP variants, we demonstrate how cationic tag and globular domain charge contribute to intracellular phase separation in E. coli and observe that the tag can affect condensate disassembly at a given net charge near the phase separation boundary. We showcase the broad applicability of these tags by appending them onto enzymes and demonstrating that the sequestered enzymes remain catalytically active.
Ni-catalyzed benzylic β-C(sp3)–H bond activation of formamides
Authors: Wang Rong-Hua , Xu Wei-Wei , Wu Hongli , Li Yue , Li Jiang-Fei , Zhang Tao , Huang Genping , Ye Mengchun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of transition metal-catalyzed β-C–H bond activation via highly-strained 4-membered metallacycles has been a formidable task. So far, only scarce examples have been reported to undergo β-C–H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles, and all of them rely on precious metals. In contrast, earth-abundant and inexpensive 3d transition metal-catalyzed β-C–H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles still remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we report a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to activate secondary benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds of formamides via 4-membered nickelacycles, providing a series of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams in up to 97% yield.
Non-linear effects of secondary organic aerosol formation and properties in multi-precursor systems
Authors: Takeuchi Masayuki , Berkemeier Thomas , Eris Gamze , Ng Nga Lee 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributes significantly to ambient fine particulate matter that affects climate and human health. Monoterpenes represent an important class of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their oxidation by nitrate radicals poses a substantial source of SOA globally. Here, we investigate the formation and properties of SOA from nitrate radical oxidation of two common monoterpenes, α-pinene and limonene. When two monoterpenes are oxidized simultaneously, we observe a ~50% enhancement in the formation of SOA from α-pinene and a ~20% reduction in limonene SOA formation. The change in SOA yields is accompanied by pronounced changes in aerosol chemical composition and volatility. These non-linear effects are not observed in a sequential oxidation experiment. Our results highlight that unlike currently assumed in atmospheric models, the interaction of products formed from individual VOCs should be accounted for to accurately describe SOA formation and its climate and health impacts.
A method to build extended sequence context models of point mutations and indels
Authors: Bethune Jörn , Kleppe April , Besenbacher Søren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mutation rate of a specific position in the human genome depends on the sequence context surrounding it. Modeling the mutation rate by estimating a rate for each possible k-mer, however, only works for small values of k since the data becomes too sparse for larger values of k. Here we propose a new method that solves this problem by grouping similar k-mers. We refer to the method as k-mer pattern partition and have implemented it in a software package called kmerPaPa. We use a large set of human de novo mutations to show that this new method leads to improved prediction of mutation rates and makes it possible to create models using wider sequence contexts than previous studies. As the first method of its kind, it does not only predict rates for point mutations but also insertions and deletions. We have additionally created a software package called Genovo that, given a k-mer pattern partition model, predicts the expected number of synonymous, missense, and other functional mutation types for each gene. Using this software, we show that the created mutation rate models increase the statistical power to detect genes containing disease-causing variants and to identify genes under strong selective constraint.
Plasmonic imaging of the layer-dependent electrocatalytic activity of two-dimensional catalysts
Authors: Zhao Xiaona , Zhou Xiao-Li , Yang Si-Yu , Min Yuan , Chen Jie-Jie , Liu Xian-Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudying the localized electrocatalytic activity of heterogeneous electrocatalysts is crucial for understanding electrocatalytic reactions and further improving their performance. However, correlating the electrocatalytic activity with the microscopic structure of two-dimensional (2D) electrocatalysts remains a great challenge due to the lack of in situ imaging techniques and methods of tuning structures with atomic precision. Here, we present a general method of probing the layer-dependent electrocatalytic activity of 2D materials in situ using a plasmonic imaging technique. Unlike the existing methods, this approach was used to visualize the surface charge density and electrocatalytic activity of single 2D MoS2 nanosheets, enabling the correlation of layer-dependent electrocatalytic activity with the surface charge density of single MoS2 nanosheets. This work provides insights into the electrocatalytic mechanisms of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, and our approach can serve as a promising platform for investigating electrocatalytic reactions at the heterogeneous interface, thus guiding the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.
The eINTACT system dissects bacterial exploitation of plant osmosignalling to enhance virulence
Authors: You Yuan , Koczyk Grzegorz , Nuc Maria , Morbitzer Robert , Holmes Danalyn R. , von Roepenack-Lahaye Edda , Hou Shiji , Giudicatti Axel , Gris Carine , Manavella Pablo A. , Noël Laurent D. , Krajewski Paweł , Lahaye Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBacteria inject effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular processes that promote disease. Since bacteria deliver minuscule amounts of effectors only into targeted host cells, it is technically challenging to capture effector-dependent cellular changes from bulk-infected host tissues. Here, we report a new technique called effector-inducible isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types (eINTACT), which facilitates affinity-based purification of nuclei from Arabidopsis plant cells that have received Xanthomonas bacterial effectors. Analysis of purified nuclei reveals that the Xanthomonas effector XopD manipulates the expression of Arabidopsis abscisic acid signalling-related genes and activates OSCA1.1, a gene encoding a calcium-permeable channel required for stomatal closure in response to osmotic stress. The loss of OSCA1.1 causes leaf wilting and reduced bacterial growth in infected leaves, suggesting that OSCA1.1 promotes host susceptibility. eINTACT allows us to uncover that XopD exploits host OSCA1.1/abscisic acid osmosignalling-mediated stomatal closure to create a humid habitat that favours bacterial growth and opens up a new avenue for accurately elucidating functions of effectors from numerous gram-negative plant bacteria in native infection contexts.
Nation-wide mapping of tree-level aboveground carbon stocks in Rwanda
Authors: Mugabowindekwe Maurice , Brandt Martin , Chave Jérôme , Reiner Florian , Skole David L. , Kariryaa Ankit , Igel Christian , Hiernaux Pierre , Ciais Philippe , Mertz Ole , Tong Xiaoye , Li Sizhuo , Rwanyiziri Gaspard , Dushimiyimana Thaulin , Ndoli Alain , Uwizeyimana Valens , Lillesø Jens-Peter Barnekow , Gieseke Fabian , Tucker Compton J. , Saatchi Sassan , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrees sustain livelihoods and mitigate climate change but a predominance of trees outside forests and limited resources make it difficult for many tropical countries to conduct automated nation-wide inventories. Here, we propose an approach to map the carbon stock of each individual overstory tree at the national scale of Rwanda using aerial imagery from 2008 and deep learning. We show that 72% of the mapped trees are located in farmlands and savannas and 17% in plantations, accounting for 48.6% of the national aboveground carbon stocks. Natural forests cover 11% of the total tree count and 51.4% of the national carbon stocks, with an overall carbon stock uncertainty of 16.9%. The mapping of all trees allows partitioning to any landscapes classification and is urgently needed for effective planning and monitoring of restoration activities as well as for optimization of carbon sequestration, biodiversity and economic benefits of trees.
The transmission of pottery technology among prehistoric European hunter-gatherers
Authors: Dolbunova Ekaterina , Lucquin Alexandre , McLaughlin T. Rowan , Bondetti Manon , Courel Blandine , Oras Ester , Piezonka Henny , Robson Harry K. , Talbot Helen , Adamczak Kamil , Andreev Konstantin , Asheichyk Vitali , Charniauski Maxim , Czekaj-Zastawny Agnieszka , Ezepenko Igor , Grechkina Tatjana , Gunnarssone Alise , Gusentsova Tatyana M. , Haskevych Dmytro , Ivanischeva Marina , Kabaciński Jacek , Karmanov Viktor , Kosorukova Natalia , Kostyleva Elena , Kriiska Aivar , Kukawka Stanisław , Lozovskaya Olga , Mazurkevich Andrey , Nedomolkina Nadezhda , Piličiauskas Gytis , Sinitsyna Galina , Skorobogatov Andrey , Smolyaninov Roman V. , Surkov Aleksey , Tkachov Oleg , Tkachova Maryia , Tsybrij Andrey , Tsybrij Viktor , Vybornov Aleksandr A. , Wawrusiewicz Adam , Yudin Aleksandr I. , Meadows John , Heron Carl , Craig Oliver E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman history has been shaped by global dispersals of technologies, although understanding of what enabled these processes is limited. Here, we explore the behavioural mechanisms that led to the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer communities in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Through radiocarbon dating, we propose this dispersal occurred at a far faster rate than previously thought. Chemical characterization of organic residues shows that European hunter-gatherer pottery had a function structured around regional culinary practices rather than environmental factors. Analysis of the forms, decoration and technological choices suggests that knowledge of pottery spread through a process of cultural transmission. We demonstrate a correlation between the physical properties of pots and how they were used, reflecting social traditions inherited by successive generations of hunter-gatherers. Taken together the evidence supports kinship-driven, super-regional communication networks that existed long before other major innovations such as agriculture, writing, urbanism or metallurgy.
Seasonal range fidelity of a megaherbivore in response to environmental change
Authors: Burton-Roberts Rhea , Cordes Line S. , Slotow Rob , Vanak Abi Tamim , Thaker Maria , Govender Navashni , Shannon Graeme 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor large herbivores living in highly dynamic environments, maintaining range fidelity has the potential to facilitate the exploitation of predictable resources while minimising energy expenditure. We evaluate this expectation by examining how the seasonal range fidelity of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa is affected by spatiotemporal variation in environmental conditions (vegetation quality, temperature, rainfall, and fire). Eight-years of GPS collar data were used to analyse the similarity in seasonal utilisation distributions for thirteen family groups. Elephants exhibited remarkable consistency in their seasonal range fidelity across the study with rainfall emerging as a key driver of space-use. Within years, high range fidelity from summer to autumn and from autumn to winter was driven by increased rainfall and the retention of high-quality vegetation. Across years, sequential autumn seasons demonstrated the lowest levels of range fidelity due to inter-annual variability in the wet to dry season transition, resulting in unpredictable resource availability. Understanding seasonal space use is important for determining the effects of future variability in environmental conditions on elephant populations, particularly when it comes to management interventions. Indeed, over the coming decades climate change is predicted to drive greater variability in rainfall and elevated temperatures in African savanna ecosystems. The impacts of climate change also present particular challenges for elephants living in fragmented or human-transformed habitats where the opportunity for seasonal range shifts are greatly constrained.
The prospective effect of fucoidan on splenic dysfunction caused by oxaliplatin in male rats through endoplasmic stress dynamics
Authors: Basha Eman H. , ElShamy Amira M. , Ibrahim Hoda A. , Safa Mohamed A. , Heabah Nehal A. E. , Awad Radwa , Ismail Radwa , Amer Rabab M. , Salem Ola M. , Faheem Heba , El-Harty Yasmeen M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFucoidans (FUCs) are highly sulfated polysaccharides demonstrating multiple actions in different systems. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agent with several side effects that restrict its usage. The current study aimed to determine the potential effect of FUC in male rats with splenic dysfunction induced by OXA. Eighty adult male rats aged (8–9 weeks) weighing (190–230 g) were divided into four groups: (Group I: the control group): Rats were administrated normal saline; (Group II: controls treated by FUC): Rats were treated with FUC; (Group III: Splenic dysfunction group): Rats were treated with 8 mg/kg OXA. (IV: Splenic dysfunction treated by FUC): Rats were treated by OXA as Group III, then fucoidan was given. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected to determine red blood cells and white blood cells. Splenic tissues were divided into one part for biochemical assays, oxidative stress markers as MDA and catalase, inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL6), and apoptotic markers (caspase 3) and gene expression of Nrf2, Mapk1 gene expression, and endoplasmic stress parameters and the other part was used for immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. Compared to the OXA-induced splenic dysfunction group, FUC significantly decreased high levels of MDA, TNF- alpha, IL6, caspase-3, Mapk1, endoplasmic stress induced by OXA, and increased the level of catalase and Nrf2. Fucoidan has corrected the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes compared to the OXA-induced splenic dysfunction group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that fucoidan has a significant role in the treatment of splenic dysfunction induced by OXA.
Effects of thickened carbonated cola in older patients with dysphagia
Authors: Saiki Akino , Yoshimi Kanako , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Nagasawa Yuki , Yoshizawa Akira , Yanagida Ryosuke , Yamaguchi Kohei , Nakane Ayako , Maeda Keisuke , Tohara Haruka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbonated beverages initiate the swallowing reflex earlier than water and have a shorter pharyngeal transit time. However, the effects of carbonation in thickened beverages of the same flavor on swallowing dynamics have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of thickened carbonated beverages on swallowing in patients with dysphagia by comparing the swallowing dynamics between thickened carbonated and thickened non-carbonated beverages. We enrolled 38 patients with dysphagia and divided them into two groups. Thickened carbonated and thickened non-carbonated beverages were used. Videoendoscopic swallowing evaluations were performed. Aspiration, penetration, pharyngeal residue, and initiation position of the swallowing reflex were evaluated. The reduction in the amount of residue in both the vallecula (p = 0.007) and pyriform sinus (p = 0.004) was greater after ingestion of thickened carbonated cola than thickened non-carbonated cola. The onset of the swallowing reflex was significantly earlier after ingestion of thickened carbonated cola than thickened non-carbonated cola (p = 0.007). There were no significant differences in the extent of penetration. Thickened carbonated beverages positively affected swallowing compared with thickened non-carbonated beverages. Thus, the use of thickened carbonated beverages may be helpful for patients with dysphagia.
2-D sex images elicit mate copying in fruit flies
Authors: Nöbel Sabine , Monier Magdalena , Villa David , Danchin Étienne , Isabel Guillaume 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough the environment is three-dimensional (3-D), humans are able to extract subtle information from two-dimensional (2-D) images, particularly in the domain of sex. However, whether animals with simpler nervous systems are capable of such information extraction remains to be demonstrated, as this ability would suggest a functional generalisation capacity. Here, we performed mate-copying experiments inDrosophila melanogasterusing 2-D artificial stimuli. Mate copying occurs when naïve females observe the mating success of potential mates and use that social information to build their own mating preference. By replacing live demonstrations with (i) photos or (ii) simplified images of copulating pairs, we found that even crudely simplified images of sexual intercourse still elicit mate copying, suggesting thatDrosophilais able to extract sex-related information even from a degraded image. This new method constitutes a powerful tool to further investigate mate copying in that species and sexual preferences in general.