bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host expansion in a specialist herbivore is facilitated by whole‐genome duplication in the host plant
Authors: Curé Anne E. , Althoff David M. , Segraves Kari A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHost plant shifts are central to diversification in insect herbivores. Many mechanisms can cause host shifts in insects, but one relatively unexplored mechanism is whole‐genome duplication (WGD) in the host plant. WGD, or polyploidy, is common in plants and causes spontaneous changes in physiology, morphology, and palatability that could impact the ability of herbivores to feed and develop on newly formed polyploids (neopolyploids).Here the authors tested if WGD affected the preference and performance of the specialist aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(pea aphids). Pea aphids seasonally form specialised lineages or ‘host forms’ on many host plant species including alfalfa and red clover. Aphid host forms on alfalfa and red clover naturally exist on different cytotypes of their respective hosts, with red clover aphids feeding on diploid clover and alfalfa aphids feeding on tetraploid alfalfa. Therefore, the authors predicted that these host forms would have a higher preference for and performance on their respective natal host cytotype.Neither host form exhibited a preference for a particular cytotype, but there were modest changes in aphid performance based on host cytotype. Specifically, aphids specialised to red clover had higher fecundity on diploid red clover than on neotetraploid red clover. Together, these results showed that both host forms were able to recognise and accept different cytotypes of the two host species, but only one host form experienced trade‐offs in performance when feeding on neotetraploids. These results suggest that WGD may act as a mechanism of host expansion in pea aphids as plants speciate via WGD.
Molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease: From therapeutic targets to promising drugs
Authors: Alan Elif , Kerry Zeliha , Sevin Gulnur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment so widespread that it interferes with a person's ability to complete daily activities. AD is becoming increasingly common, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 152 million by 2050. Current treatment options for AD are symptomatic and have modest benefits. Therefore, considering the human, social, and economic burden of the disease, the development of drugs with the potential to alter disease progression has become a global priority. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of AD were evaluated as therapeutic targets. The main aim of the review is to focus on new knowledge about mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal transmission in AD, as well as a range of cellular signaling mechanisms and associated treatments. Important molecular interactions leading to AD were described in amyloid cascade and in tau protein function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, cAMP‐regulatory element‐binding protein (CREB), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT‐1), neuroinflammation (glial cells), and synaptic alterations. This review summarizes recent experimental and clinical research in AD pathology and analyzes the potential of therapeutic applications based on molecular disease mechanisms.
HIV treatment cascade in regions of Peru with the highest HIV prevalence
Authors: Reyes Nora , Benites Carlos , García‐Fernández Lisset , Calderon Maria , Fiestas Fabián , Vasquez‐Becerra Ruben , Aranda Eva , Yabar Carlos A. , García Angélica , Ramal Cesar , Gutiérrez Ericson L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the HIV treatment cascade and care continuum in regions of highest HIV prevalence in Peru.MethodsAn observational longitudinal study was carried out in 14 tertiary hospitals in Peru. These are the main hospitals that administer antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the regions that represent approximately 95% of reports of HIV/AIDS cases in Peru in 2013. We included individuals older than 18 years newly diagnosed with HIV from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012. Medical records were reviewed until 2015.ResultsA total of 2119 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were identified in the selected health facilities (mean age = 35.26 years, 78% male). 97.25% [1845/1897; 95% confidence interval (CI): 96.4–97.9%] of the patients attended the consultation at least once during the follow‐up, but only 64.84% (885/1365; 95% CI: 62.2–67.4%) attended within a month after the diagnosis. After starting ART, 74.63% (95% CI: 71.9–77.2%) of PLHIV remained in healthcare. Regardless of the time after diagnosis, 88.40% (1837/2078; 95% CI: 86.9–89.7%) of PLHIV started ART during the observation time. However, 78.68% (95% CI: 76.8–80.4%) did so during the first post‐treatment year and only 28.88% (95% CI: 27.9–31.9%) after 1 month. After starting treatment, it was observed that 51.60% (95% CI: 49.2–54%) of PLHIV reached viral suppression during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsFurther analysis and improvements in the definition of indicators are required to achieve conclusive results; however, these data will give us a general understanding of the progress of Peruvian health policies in achieving the goal established by the WHO.
The evaluation of gene mutation profiles by next‐generation sequencing in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Özçalımlı Azime , Erdoğdu İbrahim Halil , Turgutkaya Atakan , Yavaşoğlu İrfan , Döger Füruzan Kaçar , Bolaman Ali Zahit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Although it is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease, it is usually treated with R‐CHOP chemotherapy. Here, we aimed to investigate gene expression frequency with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and the relation of gene mutations with remission and relapse status in patients with DLBCLs.Materials and MethodsWe investigated gene mutation profiles by NGS in patients with DLBCL‐NOS and analyzed the correlation between gene mutations and response and relapse rates and other clinical indices.ResultsTwenty‐eight of forty patients were evaluated. The most commonly mutated genes were ANKRD, BRCA1, BRCA2, EZH2, KMTC2, MYC, MYD88, NF1, NOTCH1, PMS2, PTEN, and WRN. The relapse rate was found higher in DLBCL patients with ANKRD26, BRCA2, MYD88, and NOTCH1 mutations. Also, remission duration was found shorter in patients with ANKRD26, BRCA2, and MYD88 mutations.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the presence of some genetic mutations is effective on prognosis in patients with DLBCL. NGS‐based evaluation of DLBCL treatment can be used in the future.
Efficacy and patient satisfaction of low‐intensity shockwave treatment for erectile dysfunction in a retrospective real‐world study in Japan
Authors: Kurosawa Makoto , Tsujimura Akira , Morino Junki , Anno Yuta , Yoshiyama Azusa , Kure Akimasa , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Shirai Masato , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Horie Shigeo 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo clarify the efficacy of low‐intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for patients with erectile dysfunction, compare the efficacy between two types of lithotripters (ED1000 [focused type] and Renova [linear type]), and detect factors indicative of therapeutic gain with the treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study included 76 patients (52.8 ± 11.7 years) treated by ED1000 (12 times over 9 weeks) and 484 patients (52.5 ± 11.6 years) treated by Renova (4 times over 4 weeks). Age, sexual symptoms scores, and blood examinations were assessed. Efficacy was judged by improvement of the scores and patient satisfaction and compared between patients at 1 month after treatment with the lithotripters. Independent factors influencing efficacy by Renova were also assessed.ResultsSexual symptom scores were improved significantly by both lithotripters, although the changes in the scores did not differ significantly between them. Efficacy rate as judged by patient satisfaction was 65.8% with the ED1000 and 71.1% with Renova, also without significant difference. Among several factors including age, sexual symptoms scores, endocrinological factors, metabolic factors, and the rate of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use, only age was found to be an independent factor influencing the efficacy of Renova.ConclusionWe clearly showed the high efficacy of both lithotripters. Although the efficacy rate did not differ between them, we speculated that the fewer treatment sessions needed with the Renova versus the ED1000 would be a great advantage for patients. We also suggest that Renova should be recommended for patients younger than 70 years of age.
Within‐patient randomised clinical trial exploring the development of microskin implantation in the treatment of pressure ulcers
Authors: Zhang Ming , Sun Jiachen , Zhu Minhui , Sun Tianjun , Shi Zhiyuan , Zhang Lu , Wang Xingtong , Song Yaoyao , Ye Xiangbo , Deng Yuanxin , Chu Wanli , Shen Chuanan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPressure injury often seriously affects the life quality of aged patients, especially the long‐term bedridden casualties. Widely adopted by different disciplines, negative pressure suction has its role in pressure injury. Microskin implantation has been demonstrated powerful in increasing the expansion ratio of donor area‐derived skin and accelerating wound healing by forming “skin islands”. The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of additional use of bedside microskin implantation in the palliative care of pressure injury of aged patients who cannot tolerate surgical treatment as a supplement for standard negative pressure suction. An open‐label within‐patient RCT was conducted in aged patients with pressure injury. Sixteen patients were enrolled. After granulation tissues formed, half of a pressure injury was randomised to receive the negative pressure suction as the control group, and the other half exposed to additional bedside microskin implantation as the experimental group. Efficacy was evaluated within 1 month after treatment, and the primary endpoints included the wound healing rate and pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) scores. The secondary outcomes included survival rate of implanted microskin, pain intensity assessment, satisfaction surveys from patients or their family, and pressure ulcer healing complications. Sixteen patients completed the study. After 14 days of operation, 5.63 ± 1.78 out of 10 pieces of implanted microskin survived and formed neonatal epithelium. The wound healing rates of the control group and the experimental group at 1 month were (26.17 ± 9.03%) and (35.95 ± 16.02%), respectively (P < .01). The mean PUSH score before the surgery was 12.38 ± 2.23. At 1 month after surgery, the mean difference of PUSH score from baseline was 2.13 ± 0.96 in the control group and 2.81 ± 0.83 in the experimental group (P < .01). The treatment of microskin implantation did not cause additional pain or complications to the patients. Accompanied by a better ulcer status, the majority of patients or their guardians have a high degree of acceptance towards the microskin implantation. Bedside microskin implantation could accelerate wound healing with lower PUSH scores. As a complementary palliative treatment, supplementary microskin implantation is effective and well tolerated.
Divergence of a speciation trait through artificial selection: Insights into constraints, by‐product effects and sexual isolation
Authors: Yukilevich Roman , LaGraff James Thai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpeciation and sexual isolation often occur when divergent female mating preferences target male secondary sexual traits. Despite the importance of such male signals, little is known about their evolvability and genetic linkage to other traits during speciation. To answer these questions, we imposed divergent artificial selection for 10 non‐overlapping generations on the Inter‐Pulse‐Interval (IPI) of male courtship songs; which has been previously shown to be a major species recognition trait for females in theDrosophila athabascaspecies complex. Focusing on one of the species,Drosophila mahican(previously known as EA race), we examined IPI's: (1) rate of divergence, (2) response to selection in different directions, (3) genetic architecture of divergence and (4) by‐product effects on other traits that have diverged in the species complex. We found rapid and consistent response for higher IPI but less response to lower IPI; implying asymmetrical constraints. Genetic divergence in IPI differed from natural species in X versus autosome contribution and in dominance, suggesting that evolution may take different paths. Finally, selection on IPI did not alter other components of male songs, or other ecological traits, and did not cause divergence in female preferences, as evidenced by lack of sexual isolation. This suggests that divergence of male courtship song IPI is unconstrained by genetic linkage with other traits in this system. This lack of linkage between male signals and other traits implies that female preferences or ecological selection can co‐opt and mould specific male signals for species recognition free of genetic constraints from other traits.
Optimization of continuous flow pulsed light system process parameters for microbial inactivation in tender coconut water, pineapple and orange juice
Authors: Preetha P. , Varadharaju N. , Jeevarathinam G. , Deepa J. , Kumar A. P. Mohan , Balakrishnan M. , Rajkumar P. , Pandiselvam R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContinuous flow pulsed light (PL) system was designed and fabricated with a residence time of 3.5 s at a flow rate of 100 ml/min to study the effect on microbial quality of the fruit juice. The circuit was designed to deliver pulse energy between 12.6 and 756 J/cm2 with a flash lasted 360 μs at a frequency of three pulses per second. Tender coconut water, pineapple and orange juice was treated with different input voltage (500–1000 V) to the lamp, distance of the lamp exposed to the sample (5–15 cm) and treatment time (15–45 s) to reduce the population of aerobic plate count (APC), yeast and mold. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the PL process parameters. The process condition was optimized based on the microbial reduction rate. The optimized condition was input voltage of 1492, 1499, and 1486 V, distance of 7.6, 10.2, and 5.3 cm, and treatment time of 43 s (12 passes), 44 s (13 passes), and 45 s (13 passes) for tender coconut water, pineapple and orange juice, respectively at the target of five log reduction for APC and four log reduction for Y&M. These results recommend that a continuous flow PL system could improve the microbial safety of the fruit juice. PL is a nonthermal method for inactivating food microbes, extending food's shelf life. For industrial purposes, the batch system is virtually impossible. As a result, continuous flow systems for liquid foods can provide a better way to handle large volumes. The optimized setup was found to achieve a microbial death rate of at least 5 log CFU/ml, consistent with FDA guidelines for fruit juice. The BBD of response surface methodology helps in optimizing the process parameters such as input voltage of the lamp, distance of the PL lamp to treatment tube and treatment time. The resulting mathematical model provides the PL process conditions for designing the equipment for different fruit beverages to obtain microbiologically safe products.
Calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres activate fibroblasts through direct contact to stimulate neocollagenesis
Authors: Nowag Bartosch , Casabona Gabriela , Kippenberger Stefan , Zöller Nadja , Hengl Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCalcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA; Radiesse, Merz North America) restores volume and stimulates collagen production. The aim of this research was to explore the role of dilution and diffusion in microsphere distribution and the effect of CaHA concentration on activation of fibroblasts to produce collagen.MethodsEx vivo: Tissue dispersion of CaHA was assessed in abdominal tissue segments obtained from patients which were subsequently injected with CaHA diluted to 1:1 and hyperdiluted to 1:2. In vitro: Collagen type III (COLIII) and type I (COLI) expression of fibroblasts was evaluated after 24 and 72 h of incubation with CaHA concentrations of 1.5 (high dilution), 3.0, and 4.5 mg/ml (low dilution).ResultsEx vivo: The 1:2 CaHA hyperdilution increased dispersion and decreased concentration of CaHA microspheres compared with the 1:1 dilution. In vitro: CaHA incubation resulted in an increased mean COLIII expression of 123% at 24 h. COLI synthesis did not change after 24 h but increased up to 124% at 72 h. Only fibroblasts in direct contact with CaHA increased COLIII expression. COLIII high‐expressing cells were fully activated by CaHA and resulted in the same level of COLIII expression per cell independent of the CaHA dilution.ConclusionsA 1:2 hyperdilution of CaHA increased tissue dispersion of CaHA microspheres. Direct contact of CaHA with fibroblasts was a key factor for inducing neocollagenesis. COLIII high‐expressing cells were fully activated by CaHA and resulted in the same expression level of COLIII per cell independent of the CaHA amount in each dilution. This indicates that increased collagen expression was due to the activation of more fibroblasts.
Pyramidal multiple‐theory (multi‐type, multi‐method and multi‐layer) for facial fat grafting
Authors: Hu Hao , Shi Yingshen , Qian Yuxin , Yu Xiaoyan , Liu Antang , Li Facheng , Jiang Hua , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related changes to the face pertinent anatomy and important aspects of autologous fat grafting have been widely applied in facial rejuvenation. Various types of autologous fat products (Macrofat, Microfat, SEFF, nanofat, and SVF‐gel) with different properties and applicabilities have been introduced and available for surgeons.MethodsKey differences between common techniques for fat processing and infiltration. Develop a plan for patients based on site‐specific facial anatomical zones, we suggested a pyramidal multiple‐theory (multi‐type, multi‐method and multi‐layer) for facial fat grafting. Based on the complicated mechanism of the face decrepitude in different layers of facial soft tissue, autologous fat products with various particle sizes and components into different layers.ResultsFifty‐eight patients underwent this facial fat grafting strategy from June 2020 to Jan 2022. All achieved cosmetic improvements, with higher patients' satisfaction, and minor complications. Our facial fat grafting strategy takes advantage of different fat products and is able to address the physiological tissue changes during aging, more properly and targetedly, than the traditional facial fat grafting.ConclusionsFat grafting to the face aids in volume restoration and rejuvenation, thereby addressing soft‐tissue atrophy associated with the aging face, acquired conditions, or congenital malformations. The technique described as “lipo‐tumescence” has been successfully used in the breast and other regions of the body that have radiation damage and is discussed in this article specifically for the face and neck.
Contour first—retrospective study of an algorithmic approach of auricular keloids
Authors: Wu Huanhuan , Dong Guoxuan , Hu Jintian , Wang Meng , Liu Yue , Qu Chunan , Jin Qian , Wang Lianzhao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAuricular keloids are difficult to treat, and recurrent keloids are more aggressive and more likely to develop aural deformities. Surgical excision, injections, or radiotherapy alone have high recurrence rates. An algorithmic approach of auricular keloid remains to be explored.AimsTo investigate the sequential treatment protocol for the treatment of auricle keloids to maintain auricle morphology and reduce the postoperative recurrence rate.Patients/MethodsA retrospective analysis of 42 patients who attended the scar minimally invasive treatment center of the Hospital of Plastic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for serial treatment from January 2019 to June 2021. According to the size and involvement of the keloid, the core excision of the scar was excised under the condition of ensuring the priority of the auricular contour, and the scar flap was repaired to reconstruct the auricular appearance, and electron beam treatment was performed within 24 h after the operation, ray energy: 6–7 MeV, dose: Dt18Gy/2f; regular trimethoprim combined with 5‐Fu injection treatment and the application of silicone ear clips for local compression treatment were performed 1 month after the operation.ResultsThirty‐five patients were followed up from 12 to 40 months after surgery, and three of them showed a tendency of recurrence, and early local treatment with trimethoprim and 5‐Fu injection achieved favorable results.ConclusionA standardized and sequential treatment plan for keloids with different morphology and anatomical locations can achieve remodeling of the auricular morphology and maintain long‐term results.
Blue light‐emitting diodes for the treatment of localized vitiligo: A retrospective study
Authors: Lodi Giuseppe , Del Re Chiara , Nisticò Steven Paul , Bennardo Luigi , Cannarozzo Giovanni , Sannino Mario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an autoimmune dermatological disease characterized by hypopigmented macules.Treatments include topical agents, phototherapy, and laser therapies. Different lasers should be individually chosen regarding location, extent, activity of the disease.AimsThis article aims to demonstrate how blue LED is effective and safe, as its wavelength is very close to the UV spectrum (415 nm vs. 400 nm), but, unlike UV therapy, blue LED have not shown any long‐term cancerogenic side effects.Patients/MethodsWe treated 30 patients affected by vitiligo localized on different anatomical areas with blue light‐emitting diodes.ResultsComplete repigmentation occurred in 75.33% of treated patients (22 out of 30 patients, 14 males, and 8 females). Partial repigmentation occurred in the remaining patients.ConclusionsBlue LED light may be a safe and well‐tolerated way to induce repigmentation in patients affected by vitiligo.