bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of Orthokeratology Lens Treatment Zone (VOLTZ) Study: A 2‐year randomised clinical trial
Authors: Guo Biyue , Cheung Sin Wan , Kojima Randy , Cho Pauline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare axial elongation (AE) and treatment zone (TZ) characteristics in children wearing 6 mm or 5 mm back optic zone diameter (BOZD) orthokeratology (ortho‐k) lenses over 2 years.MethodsForty‐five (6 to <11 years of age) myopic (−4.00 to −0.75 D) children of Chinese ethnicity were randomly assigned to use the two different lens designs (23 and 22 wore the 6 and 5 mm lenses, respectively). Data collection was performed at baseline and every 6‐months after commencing lens wear.ResultsAfter 24 months, subjects wearing lenses with a 5 mm BOZD achieved smaller TZ diameter (horizontal: 2.69 ± 0.28 vs. 3.84 ± 0.39 mm; vertical: 2.65 ± 0.22 vs. 3.42 ± 0.34 mm, p < 0.001) and less AE (0.15 ± 0.21 vs. 0.35 ± 0.23, p = 0.005) compared to those using the 6 mm design, with no difference in choroidal thickness (ChT) changes (p = 0.93). A significant increase in ChT, using pooled data analysis, was noted at the 6‐month (11.8 ± 19.77 μm, p < 0.001) and 12‐month (12.0 ± 23.7 μm, p = 0.004) visits, compared to baseline, indicating a transient change in ChT. Significant associations were noted, using linear mixed models, between AE and the TZ diameters (p < 0.003) after adjusting for baseline data. A very weak association was found between ChT changes and AE, with the effect size close to zero.ConclusionsSmaller BOZD ortho‐k lenses resulted in a smaller TZ diameter, which was associated with less AE after 2 years of treatment. The changes in ChT played a very weak role, suggesting that other factors may contribute more to the reduced AE in subjects wearing lenses having a smaller BOZD.
Characterisation of starch properties and physical characteristics in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) mutant lacking accumulation of ‘granule‐bound starch synthase a’
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuro , Noda Takahiro , Morishita Toshikazu , Ishiguro Koji , Otsuka Shiori , Aii Jotaro , Nakano Ayana , Katsu Kenjiro , Matsui Katsuhiro , Takeshima Ryoma , Aoki Noriaki , Hara Takashi , Hara Takahiro , Satoh Rie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concentration of amylose, which is synthesised using granule‐bound starch synthase, affects the physical properties of food. However, no studies have focused on starch properties and physical characteristics of low‐amylose buckwheat. Here, we hypothesised that low‐amylose buckwheat would be useful to produce new buckwheat products because low‐amylose characteristics change the texture of buckwheat food. In this study, we bred relatively low‐amylose buckwheat compared to wild type and investigated the causative genes of the traits, starch properties and physical properties of noodles. In the GBSSa mutant, the amylose concentration was lower than that in the wild type. Compared with the wild type, the mutant exhibited the following traits: Amylose concentration decreased by approximately 2%, setback in the Rapid Visco Analyzer decreased by 30 points and the physical characteristics of noodles in the sensory analysis were soft and sticky. These results suggest that this trait may be useful for changing the texture of foods. In addition, the mutant is promising for producing new foods with physical characteristics that are different from those of the wild type.
24‐Epibrassinolide alleviates drought effects in young Carapa guianensis plants, improving the hydraulic safety margin, gas exchange and antioxidant defence
Authors: Ribeiro A. T. , Teodoro G. S. , da Silva K. C. , Pereira‐Matos Y. C. , Batista B. L. , Lobato A. K. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme events such as droughts, limiting plant growth and productivity. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators, such as 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR), might be a solution as this molecule is organic, eco‐friendly, and biodegradable. This is the first research to examine possible roles of EBR on the hydraulic safety margin, physiological behaviour, and metabolism in Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae) exposed to drought. C. guianensis is a widely distributed tree in tropical forests of the Amazon.
The objective was to determine whether EBR can improve tolerance to water deficit in young C. guianensis by measuring hydraulic traits, nutritional, biochemical and physiological responses, and biomass. The experiment had four randomized treatments: two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two concentrations of EBR (0 and 100 nM EBR).
EBR increased the water potential and hydraulic safety margin, increased CO2 fixation, and improved stomatal performance. EBR also stimulated antioxidant defences (SOD, CAT, APX, and POX).
Overall, tretreatment with EBR improved drought tolerance of young C. guianensis plants.
Lateral variations in the Hosen 8‐2 vein in the Hishikari deposit, Japan: Implications for high Au‐grade zone
Authors: Macuroy Jonathan , Takahashi Ryohei , Hara Akira , Okaue Yoshinori , Imai Akira , Manalo Pearlyn , Sato Hinako , Agangi Andrea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLateral sampling of each blasting interval (~ 2.6 m) along a 79 m strike length was conducted for the Hosen 8‐2 vein on the −5 ML (mining level, meters relative to sea level) of the Main ore zone in the Hishikari epithermal Au deposit, Kagoshima, Japan. The horizontal variation of mineral textures, bulk chemical compositions, and fluid inclusion temperatures and apparent salinity of ore fluids were determined. The major gangue minerals of the quartz veins studied include quartz and adularia with minor amounts of calcite and smectite. The major ore minerals include electrum, galena, and sphalerite with minor pyrite, petzite, and hessite. Electrum commonly occurs in a discrete band with microcrystalline quartz, granular adularia, and smectite. The electrum‐bearing band is followed by tabular adularia, and finally by granular or comb quartz. Mineral textures that indicate high degrees of supersaturation with respect to amorphous silica (presently quartz with microcrystalline/mosaic and feathery textures) and adularia (with tabular, rhombic, and granular textures) were common throughout the vein strike. Bulk chemical analyses indicate that Au grade is positively correlated with Ag, Bi, Pb, and Te contents. A bonanza zone with Au grades up to 10,800 ppm occurs in the central part of the Hosen 8‐2 vein on the −5 ML, and is associated with high adularia content, calculated as adularia / (quartz + adularia). The wide lateral variation in the geochemical composition contrasts with the consistent association of electrum with microcrystalline quartz, granular adularia, and smectite throughout the Hosen 8‐2 vein on the −5 ML. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of primary and pseudosecondary inclusions in quartz and adularia yielded histogram modes of homogenization temperature between 160 and 240°C; the most frequent mode is 200–210°C, with most data within ±10°C from this value. The maximum ice‐melting temperature of most samples excluding late comb quartz is −1.5°C, which is equivalent to an apparent salinity of 2.6 wt% NaCl eq. The wide variation in ice‐melting temperatures and apparent salinities (up to 5.2 wt% NaCl eq.) may be due to dissolved CO2 in the fluids, while the sharp decrease in apparent salinity with temperature decrease indicates CO2 loss due to fluid boiling during vein formation. The intimate association of electrum with microcrystalline quartz that recrystallized from amorphous silica indicate sharp boiling and vapor loss as the primary mechanism of Au deposition in the Hosen 8‐2 vein.
Design for order‐of‐addition experiments with two‐level components
Authors: Huang Hengzhen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe statistical design for order‐of‐addition (OofA) experiments has received much recent interest as its potential in determining the optimal sequence of multiple components, for example, the optimal sequence of drug administration for disease treatment. The traditional OofA experiments focus mainly on the sequence effects of components, that is, the experimenters fix the factor level of each component and observe how the response is affected by varying the sequences of components. However, the components may also have factorial effects in that changing their factor levels in a given sequence can affect the response. In view of this, we consider the design problem for OofA experiments where each component is experimented at two levels. A systematic method is given to construct OofA designs that jointly considers the sequence design and factorial design for all components. By appropriately choosing the sequence and factorial designs, we show that the combination of the two parts results in a balanced design with an economical run size. Moreover, the constructed designs enjoy a number of optimality properties such as ‐, ‐ and ‐optimalities under some empirical models. The design method proposed can be extended to some other practical situations like the number of process variables is different from the number of components, and OofA experiments with multilevel components.
The protective role of social network factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Gibson Courtney A. , Losee Joy E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between COVID‐19 threat perception, isolating health precautions, and loneliness. As a test of the stress‐buffering hypothesis (Cohen & Wills, 1985), this study also examined if social network factors representing various aspects of social support moderated, or weakened, the relationship between threat perception, isolating health precautions, and loneliness. Participants (N = 1149) provided information about themselves, as well as 15 other people they know via an online survey. We found that structural and compositional social network factors, density, number of close alters, network threat perception, network covid cautiousness and number of vaccinated alters all negatively related to loneliness. Further, using moderated mediation analyses, we found that network threat perception and network covid cautiousness moderated the indirect relationship between threat perception and loneliness through precautions. At high levels of these factors, the mediation was less likely to be significant suggesting that the social network factors may buffer people from the loneliness that sometimes comes with engaging in isolating health precautions in response to the perceived threat of COVID‐19.
Examining approaches to encourage COVID‐19 vaccination on social media
Authors: Stuart Jillian O’Rourke , Cady Noah J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFollowing the release of the first COVID‐19 vaccinations many people utilized social media to promote vaccination among their social circles. These attempts to persuade others to get vaccinated ranged from positive encouragement (e.g., emphasizing the prosocial benefits and positive outcomes) to shame and threats (e.g., name calling and threating to end friendships over vaccination status). The present study investigated how these different social media messages affected COVID‐19 vaccination intentions. In June 2021, shortly after vaccines had been made freely available to anyone over the age of 16 in the United States, unvaccinated participants read a manipulated Twitter message designed to be either encouraging or shaming. Message‐type did not significantly affect intentions to become vaccinated against COVID‐19; however, participants who saw the encouraging message reported that the post made them feel more likely to get vaccinated. Self‐efficacy was also manipulated but did not reveal any significant effects. Additional analyses suggest that having personal experience with COVID‐19 moderates reactions to these different messages. We discuss limitations and promising avenues for future research on the effects of social media messages on health behaviors.
M0, 5: Toward the Chabauty–Kim method in higher dimensions
Authors: Dan‐Cohen Ishai , Jarossay David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIf Z is an open subscheme of , X is a sufficiently nice Z‐model of a smooth curve over , and p is a closed point of Z, the Chabauty–Kim method leads to the construction of locally analytic functions on which vanish on ; we call such functions “Kim functions”. At least in broad outline, the method generalizes readily to higher dimensions. In fact, in some sense, the surface M0, 5 should be easier than the previously studied curve since its points are closely related to those of M0, 4, yet they face a further condition to integrality. This is mirrored by a certain weight advantage we encounter, because of which, M0, 5 possesses new Kim functions not coming from M0, 4. Here we focus on the case “ in half‐weight 4,” where we provide a first nontrivial example of a Kim function on a surface. Central to our approach to Chabauty–Kim theory (as developed in works by Wewers, Corwin, and the first author) is the possibility of separating the geometric part of the computation from its arithmetic context. However, we find that in this case the geometric step grows beyond the bounds of standard algorithms running on current computers. Therefore, some ingenuity is needed to solve this seemingly straightforward problem, and our new Kim function is huge.
Multiple diachronous “Black Seas” mimic global ocean anoxia during the latest Devonian
Authors: Hedhli M. , Grasby S.E. , Henderson C.M. , Davis B.J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary (DCB) Hangenberg extinction in Europe (ca. 359 Ma) and interval of black shale deposition has been considered a global anoxic event, the cause of which remains debated. However, the lack of a prominent global carbon isotope excursion and the duration of anoxia (3–4 m.y. at least) is inconsistent with other global anoxic events (e.g., Mesozoic ocean anoxic events) throughout the Phanerozoic. We examined geochemical and biostratigraphic data along with radiometric dating from purported Hangenberg event sections across the DCB in western Canada and demonstrate that the onset of anoxic pulses in Laurentian seas started before 363 Ma, diachronous with those in Baltica (Europe). Thus, DCB black shales do not record a single global anoxic event. We suggest instead that black shales near the DCB record multiple, but diachronous, Black Sea–like basins around the globe, promoted by the Late Devonian tectonic configuration. This drove a gradual biotic crisis in the form of regional punctuated benthic faunal extinction events.
Kimura disease of naso-orbito-ethmoid region and review of surgical approaches to naso-orbito-ethmoid region
Authors: Sagar Milind , Sagar Prem , Kumar Rajeev , Kaur Kavneet 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA man in 30s had complaints of glabellar and upper nasal swelling for 8 years. It was insidious in onset and gradually progressive causing epiphora and restriction of nasal visual field. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy revealed features which were suggestive of Kimura’s disease (KD). CT scans showed a well-defined subcutaneous swelling in the naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) region. KD presents as lymphoglandular swelling; however, NOE region is an uncommon site of occurrence. A thyroid-shaped tumour was excised by H-shaped incision approach to the NOE region.
Adverse childhood experiences, the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mamun Abdullah , Biswas Tuhin , Scott James , Sly Peter D , McIntyre H David , Thorpe Karen , Boyle Frances M , Dekker Marloes N , Doi Suhail , Mitchell Murray , McNeil Keith , Kothari Alka , Hardiman Leah , Callaway Leonie Kaye 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound negative impact on health. However, the strength of the association between ACEs and pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes is not well quantified or understood.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between ACEs and risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Search strategyA comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google scholar up to July 2022.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently conducted the screening and quality appraisal using a validated tool. Meta-analysis using the quality-effects model on the reported odds ratio (OR) was conducted. Heterogeneity and inconsistency were examined using the I2statistics.Results32 studies from 1508 met a priori inclusion criteria for systematic review, with 21 included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analyses showed that exposure to ACEs increased the risk of pregnancy complications (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.57) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.47). In sub-group analysis, maternal ACEs were associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.74), antenatal depression (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.20), low offspring birth weight (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47), and preterm delivery (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71).ConclusionThe results suggest that exposure to ACEs increases the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preventive strategies, screening and trauma-informed care need to be examined to improve maternal and child health.
Postmarketing observational study on the safety of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 influenza vaccination campaigns in Italy: TheShinISS-Vax|Flu study protocol
Authors: Spila Alegiani Stefania , Morciano Cristina , Menniti-Ippolito Francesca , Da Cas Roberto , Felicetti Patrizia , Marchione Pasquale , Petronzelli Fiorella , Marra Anna Rosa , Massari Marco 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe purpose of TheShinISS-Vax|Flu study is to examine the association between influenza vaccines and adverse events requiring hospital admission or emergency care during the influenza vaccination campaigns 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 in Italy.Methods and analysisThis is a Self-Controlled Case Series multiregional study using linked routinely collected data from regional healthcare databases of the participating regions. Study participants will be persons aged ≥6 months, unvaccinated or who have received influenza vaccine during the influenza vaccination campaigns in the seasons 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 in Italy and who have experienced the outcome of interest for the first time during the study period (1 September 2021–30 June 2022 and 1 September 2022–30 June 2023 for the first and second vaccination campaigns, respectively). Risk periods will be specifically defined for each outcome and further subdivided into periods of 7 days. The exposures will be the first or second dose of the influenza vaccines administered during the two vaccination campaigns. Statistical analysis will be conducted separately for the data of the two campaigns. Exposure risk period will be compared with baseline risk period defined as any time of observation out of the risk periods. The modified SCCS method will be applied to handle event-dependent exposure and mortality and fitted using unbiased estimating equations to estimate relative incidences and excess of cases per 100 000 vaccinated by dose, age, sex and type of vaccine. Calendar period will be included as time-varying confounder in the model, where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThe study received the approval from the National ethics committee for clinical trials of public research bodies and other national public institutions (PRE BIO CE n.0036723, 23/09/2022). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reports in accordance with the publication policies of the Italian National Institute of Health and of the Italian Medicines Agency.
To investigate the individual and household-level factors influencing the willingness to pay for cataract surgery among patients aged 50 years and older in rural China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ding Yuxiu , Chen Xiangzhe , Guan Hongyu , Du Kang , Zhang Yunyun , Shi Yaojiang 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the factors influencing the willingness to pay (WTP) for cataract surgery among patients aged 50 years and older in rural China at both individual and household levels.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in Gansu, China.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥50 years who were diagnosed with cataracts indicated for surgery and lived rural in Gansu from October to December 2020 were included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main study outcome was the patients’ WTP for cataract surgery. The association of individual characteristics, knowledge about cataracts, health status and household characteristics with patients’ WTP was also evaluated based on the collected data using structured questionnaires.ResultsA total of 324 (85.94%) patients in the study reported that they were willing to pay for their cataract surgery. However, only 179 (47.48%) patients were willing to pay over ¥1000 to cover the cost of cataract surgery under the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS). Patients aged 75 years and older were significantly less likely to pay for cataract surgery (p=0.037). Better visual status (p=0.032), self-reported severe poor visual status (p=0.001), higher annual household income (p=0.052) and a higher level of children’s education (p=0.076) were significantly more likely to pay for cataract surgery.ConclusionsThe WTP for cataract surgery in rural China is still insufficient. More than half of patients’ WTP for surgery do not cover the cost of cataract surgery after reimbursement by the NRCMS. Both individual and household characteristics contribute to the low WTP for cataract surgery.