bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty transition and depression among community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2020)
Authors: Nerobkova Nataliya , Park Yu Shin , Park Eun-Cheol , Shin Jaeyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Frailty is recognized as a geriatric syndrome associated with depression. The consequences and mechanism of frailty transitions are still understudied. This study assessed the influence of frailty transitions on new-onset depressive symptomology using longitudinal, nationwide data of Korean community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Longitudinal population-based study conducted in every even-numbered year starting from 2006 to 2020 (eight waves) with a sample of older adults aged ≥ 60 years old. After the application of exclusion criteria, a total of 2,256 participants were included in the 2008 baseline year. Frailty transition was determined through the biennial assessment of change in frailty status using the frailty instrument (FI); depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 Scale. We employed the lagged general estimating equations to assess the temporal effect of frailty transition on obtaining depressive symptoms.

Results
Compared to non-frail individuals, the risk of depression was higher in transitioned into frailty and constantly frail participants over a 2-year interval: men (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.32; OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21–1.38), women (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.40; OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.41–1.62), respectively.

Conclusions
Frailty transition is found to be associated with new-onset depressive symptoms. Frail individuals and those who transitioned into frailty were associated with a higher risk of depression. Particular attention should be paid to these frailty transitioned groups. Early intervention and implementation of prevention strategies at physical, nutritional, and social levels are warranted to ameliorate frailty and depression in late life.
Executive function and prospective falls: a 6-year longitudinal study in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Smith Cindi , Seematter-Bagnoud Laurence , Santos-Eggimann Brigitte , Krief Helene , Bula Christophe J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Older people with impaired executive function (EF) might have an increased fall risk, but prospective studies with prolonged follow-up are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between a) EF at baseline; b) 6-year decline in EF performance; and fall status 6 years later.

Methods
Participants were 906 community-dwelling adults aged 65–69 years, enrolled in the Lausanne 65 + cohort. EF was measured at baseline and at 6 years using clock drawing test (CDT), verbal fluency (VF), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, and TMT ratio (TMT-B – TMT-A/TMT-A). EF decline was defined as clinically meaningful poorer performance at 6 years. Falls data were collected at 6 years using monthly calendars over 12 months.

Results
Over 12-month follow-up, 13.0% of participants reported a single benign fall, and 20.2% serious (i.e., multiple and/or injurious) falls. In multivariable analysis, participants with worse TMT-B performance (adjusted Relative Risk Ratio, adjRRRTMT-B worst quintile = 0.38, 95%CI:0.19–0.75, p = .006) and worse TMT ratio (adjRRRTMT ratio worst quintile = 0.31, 95%CI:0.15–0.64, p = .001) were less likely to report a benign fall, whereas no significant association was observed with serious falls. In a subgroup analysis among fallers, participants with worse TMT-B (OR:1.86, 95%CI = 0.98–3.53, p = .059) and worse TMT ratio (OR:1.84,95%CI = 0.98–3.43,p = .057) tended to have higher odds of serious falls. EF decline was not associated to higher odds of falls.

Conclusions
Participants with worse EF were less likely to report a single benign fall at follow-up, while fallers with worse EF tended to report multiple and/or injurious falls more frequently. Future studies should investigate the role of slight EF impairment in provoking serious falls in active young-old adults.
Developing and validating the Taiwan version of the meaningful activity participation assessment (T-MAPA) with Rasch analysis
Authors: Yeh Ya-Chin , Park Daniel , Yang Shang-Yu , Kuo Chang-Chih 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Meaningful activity participation has shown good predictability for healthy ageing in older adults, and their participation can be assessed using the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment (MAPA). However, the MAPA has never been validated in any Taiwanese population. Moreover, different cultures may interpret meaningful activity participation differently. This study thus aimed to cross-culturally adapt the MAPA into a Taiwan version (i.e., the T-MAPA) and to investigate the psychometric properties of the T-MAPA in older adults in Taiwan.

Methods
This study consisted of 3 phases. First, the original MAPA was cross-culturally adapted in 6 stages, including forward, synthesis of, and back translations, cognitive debriefing, expert review, and pilot testing on 18 older adults. Second, a Rasch–Andrich rating scale model was applied to evaluate the psychometric properties (including category function, unidimensionality, item functioning and targeting, and reliability) of the adapted version in a sample of 146 older adults. Lastly, the convergent validity and test–retest reliability were examined on 120 and 49 older adults, respectively.

Results
After cross-cultural adaptation, the first version of the T-MAPA contained 29 items. Optimal category function was obtained by reducing the response categories of the frequency subscale to 4 and retaining a 5-point rating for the meaningfulness subscale. After the removal of 1 misfit item, a 28-item T-MAPA was generated. This version demonstrated unidimensionality, measurement invariance among different subgroups (regarding sex and education), acceptable item targeting (< 1 logit) and negligible floor and ceiling effects (1.37%; 0.68%), high reliability (person reliability coefficient = 0.86; small standard error < 0.5 with large test information > 4), confirmed convergent validity (absolute r = .49–0.54 with psychological well-being, depressive symptoms, and mental and physical health), and excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94).

Conclusion
The cross-culturally adapted 28-item T-MAPA is suitable for application to the older population in Taiwan to measure meaningful activity participation. Future examinations of the T-MAPA in other populations with specific clinical features are warranted to extend its utility in practice.
Translation and psychometric testing of the sense of competence in Dementia Care Staff Scale in Chinese amongst dementia care staff in nursing homes of China
Authors: Bian Xueli , Wang Jing , Wang Junqiao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Although China has the largest population of persons with dementia, there is no validated tool available to accurately assess formal caregivers’ competence in dementia care in long-term care settings. Appropriately assessing nursing staff’s level of competence in dementia care is the first step to develop precision training interventions to improve the quality of dementia care. The Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff scale (SCIDS) is a user-friendly tool with satisfactory reliability and validity. We adapted SCIDS into a Chinese version (SCIDS-C) and validated its uses in China’s socio-cultural context to assess nursing staff’s capability and competence in dementia care at nursing homes.

Aims
We aimed to adapt and psychometrically test the tool among frontline nursing staff in long-term care settings in China.

Methods
The research employed a correlational design with repeated measures. In translation section, we adapted and tailored the original scale in the cultural and social context in China’s nursing homes. The scale’s adaptation consists of translating adaptation and semantic equivalence. In psychometric testing phase, we tested the validity and reliability of the scale with 174 nursing staff conveniently from six nursing homes. Construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), including principal component analysis and maximum variance rotation method. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha value and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The SCIDS-C has 17 items, which belong to the two sub-scales, the Relationship-Centered Care(RCC) and Professional Care(PC). The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.88, showing a good internal consistency. The full scale’s value of ICC was 0.94 which indicated good reliability. Exploratory factor analysis(EFA) extracted 2 common factors in each sub-scale, cumulative variance contribution rate was 56.71% and 53.92%, respectively. The named four factors are the same as the Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff (SCIDS) scale in English, including Building Relationships, Sustaining Personhood, Professionalism and Care Challenges.

Conclusion
The SCIDS-C has shown good reliability and validity. It can be used as an appropriate tool to evaluate the competence of nursing care staff to provide dementia care for residents in nursing homes.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling reveals sex differences of lipid metabolism among the elderly from Southwest China
Authors: Huang Yuan-Jun , Ke Wei , Hu Ling , Wei You-Dong , Dong Mei-Xue 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The sexual dimorphism represents one of the triggers of the metabolic disparities while the identification of sex-specific metabolites in the elderly has not been achieved.

Methods
A group of aged healthy population from Southwest China were recruited and clinical characteristics were collected. Fasting plasma samples were obtained and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analyses were performed. Differentially expressed metabolites between males and females were identified from the metabolomic analysis and metabolite sets enrichment analysis was employed.

Results
Sixteen males and fifteen females were finally enrolled. According to clinical characteristics, no significant differences can be found except for smoking history. There were thirty-six differentially expressed metabolites between different sexes, most of which were lipids and lipid-like molecules. Twenty-three metabolites of males were increased while thirteen were decreased compared with females. The top four classes of metabolites were fatty acids and conjugates (30.6%), glycerophosphocholines (22.2%), sphingomyelins (11.1%), and flavonoids (8.3%). Fatty acids and conjugates, glycerophosphocholines, and sphingomyelins were significantly enriched in metabolite sets enrichment analysis.

Conclusions
Significant lipid metabolic differences were found between males and females among the elderly. Fatty acids and conjugates, glycerophosphocholines, and sphingomyelins may partly account for sex differences and can be potential treatment targets for sex-specific diseases.
COVID-19 in the homeless population: a scoping review and meta-analysis examining differences in prevalence, presentation, vaccine hesitancy and government response in the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Ahillan Tharanika , Emmerson Matthew , Swift Bethan , Golamgouse Hadiya , Song Kaiyang , Roxas Angela , Mendha Sakina Bano , Avramović Elena , Rastogi Jatin , Sultan Binta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aims
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have been identified as being increasingly susceptible to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with policies enacted to test, isolate, increase hygiene practices and prioritise vaccines among this population. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the current evidence-base pertaining to the prevalence and presentation of COVID-19 in PEH, COVID-vaccine hesitancy rates and government interventions enacted within the first year of the pandemic for PEH.

Materials and methods
A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase and MedRxiv databases for studies reporting primary data on COVID-19 prevalence and clinical characteristics in PEH, vaccine uptake for PEH and policies enacted targeting PEH. Study qualities were assessed with The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s set of Study Quality.

Results
Eighty-three studies were included in our final analysis. The overall prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19 infection in PEH is estimated at 35%. The most common symptoms found were cough and shortness of breath, followed by fever. Concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy amongst PEH related to thoroughness of COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, side effects and mistrust of the government. The main strategies implemented by governments were mass testing, adaption of healthcare service provision, provision of alternative housing, encouraging personal hygiene (hand sanitation and mask wearing), and inter-organisational communication.

Discussion
In our meta-analysis, 35% of PEH with a COVID-19 infection presented symptomatically; the low prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19 infection suggests widespread testing following outbreaks would be beneficial for this group of individuals. Temporary recuperation units and measures for housing stability in the pandemic, namely provision of alternative housing and stopping evictions, were found to be highly effective. High rates of vaccine hesitancy means that education and encouragement towards vaccination would be beneficial for this vulnerable population, where comorbidities are common. Finally increased focus in research should be placed on the mental health burden of COVID-19 and the pandemic on PEH moving forwards.
HIV risk profile and prevention needs of individuals seeking monkeypox (mpox) vaccination in an urban clinic in the U.S.: a brief report
Authors: Ogbuagu Onyema , Sharma Manas , Igiraneza Grace , Andrews Laurie , Tuan Jessica , Barakat Lydia A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Our study survey assessed HIV risk profile and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among HIV-negative individuals seeking mpox vaccination, elucidating HIV prevention gaps and opportunities.

Methods
Anonymous cross-sectional surveys were self-administered at an urban academic center clinic in New Haven, CT, U.S. (August 18–November 18, 2022). Inclusion criteria included adults presenting for mpox vaccination who consented to the study. The study assessed STI risk (sexual practices, STI history, substance use). For HIV-negative participants, PrEP knowledge, attitudes, and preferences were assessed.

Results
Eighty-one of 210 individuals approached completed surveys (survey acceptance and completion rate 38.6%). Majority were cisgender-male (76/81; 93.8%), Caucasian (48/79; 60.8%), with median age 28 years (IQR-15). Nine of 81 (11.5%) self-reported HIV-positivity. Median sexual partner number (6 months prior) was 4 (IQR-5.8). Majority, 89.9% and 75.9%, reported insertive and receptive anal intercourse, respectively. 41% reported lifetime STI history, of whom 12.3% had an STI 6 months prior. Majority (55.8%) used ≥ 1 illicit substance; 87.7% moderate alcohol use. Among HIV-negative respondents, most (95.7%) were aware of PrEP, but only 48.4% used PrEP.

Conclusion
Individuals seeking mpox vaccination engage in behaviors placing them at increased STI risk and would benefit from PrEP assessment.
Prevalence and factors associated with reported adverse-events among patients on multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in two referral hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Ategyeka Paul Mukama , Muhoozi Michael , Naturinda Racheal , Kageni Peter , Namugenyi Carol , Kasolo Amos , Kisaka Stevens , Kiwanuka Noah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment involves toxic drugs that cause adverse events (AEs), which are life-threatening and may lead to death if not well managed. In Uganda, the prevalence of MDR-TB is increasingly high, and about 95% of the patients are on treatment. However, little is known about the prevalence of AEs among patients on MDR-TB medicines. We therefore estimated the prevalence of reported adverse events (AEs) of MDR-TB drugs and factors associated with AEs in two health facilities in Uganda.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of MDR-TB was conducted among patients enrolled at Mulago National Referral and Mbarara Regional Referral hospitals in Uganda. Medical records of MDR-TB patients enrolled between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. Data on AEs, which were defined as irritative reactions to MDR-TB drugs, were extracted and analyzed. To describe reported AEs, descriptive statistics were computed. A modified Poisson regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with reported AEs.

Results
Overall, 369 (43.1%) of 856 patients had AEs, and 145 (17%) of 856 had more than one. Joint pain (244/369, or 66%), hearing loss (75/369, or 20%), and vomiting (58/369, or 16%) were the most frequently reported effects. Patients started on the 24-month regimen (adj. PR = 1.4, 95%; 1.07, 1.76) and individualized regimens (adj. PR = 1.5, 95%; 1.11, 1.93) were more likely to suffer from AEs. Lack of transport for clinical monitoring (adj. PR = 1.9, 95%; 1.21, 3.11); alcohol consumption (adj. PR = 1.2, 95%; 1.05, 1.43); and receipt of directly observed therapy from peripheral health facilities (adj. PR = 1.6, 95%; 1.10, 2.41) were significantly associated with experiencing AEs. However, patients who received food supplies (adj. PR = 0.61, 95%; 0.51, 0.71) were less likely to suffer from AEs.

Conclusion
The frequency of adverse events reported by MDR-TB patients is considerably high, with joint pain being the most common. Interventions such as the provision of food supplies, transportation, and consistent counseling on alcohol consumption to patients at initiation treatment facilities may contribute to a reduction in the rate of occurrence of AEs.
Reactogenicity within the first week after Sinopharm, Sputnik V, AZD1222, and COVIran Barekat vaccines: findings from the Iranian active vaccine surveillance system
Authors: Enayatrad Mostafa , Mahdavi Sepideh , Aliyari Roqayeh , Sahab-Negah Sajad , Nili Sairan , Fereidouni Mohammad , Mangolian Shahrbabaki Parvin , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Heidarzadeh Abtin , Shahraki-Sanavi Fariba , Fateh Mansooreh , Khajeha Hamidreza , Emamian Zahra , Behmanesh Elahe , Sheibani Hossein , Abbaszadeh Maryam , Jafari Reza , Valikhani Maryam , Binesh Ehsan , Vahedi Hamid , Chaman Reza , Sharifi Hamid , Emamian Mohammad Hassan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the reactogenicity effects of COVID-19 vaccines, used in Iran.

Methods
At least 1000 people were followed up with phone calls or self-report in a mobile application within 7 days after vaccination. Local and systemic reactogenicities were reported overall and by subgroups.

Results
The presence of one or more local and systemic adverse effects after the first dose of vaccines was 58.9% [(95% Confidence Intervals): 57.5–60.3)] and 60.5% (59.1–61.9), respectively. These rates were reduced to 53.8% (51.2–55.0) and 50.8% (48.8–52.7) for the second dose. The most common local adverse effect reported for all vaccines was pain in the injection site. During the first week after the first dose of vaccines, the frequency of the pain for Sinopharm, AZD1222, Sputnik V, and Barekat was 35.5%, 86.0%, 77.6%, and 30.9%, respectively. The same rates after the second dose were 27.3%, 66.5%, 63.9%, and 49.0%. The most common systemic adverse effect was fatigue. In the first dose, it was 30.3% for Sinopharm, 67.4% for AZD1222, 47.6% for Sputnik V, and 17.1% for Barekat. These rates were reduced to 24.6%, 37.1%, 36.5%, and 19.5%, in the second dose of vaccines. AZD1222 had the highest local and systemic adverse effects rates. The odds ratio of local adverse effects of the AZD1222 vaccine compared to the Sinopharm vaccine were 8.73 (95% CI 6.93–10.99) in the first dose and 4.14 (95% CI 3.32–5.17) in the second dose. Barekat and Sinopharm had the lowest frequency of local and systemic adverse effects. Compared to Sinopharm, systemic adverse effects were lower after the first dose of Barekat (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.46–0.67). Reactogenicity events were higher in women and younger people. Prior COVID-19 infection increased the odds of adverse effects only after the first dose of vaccines.

Conclusions
Pain and fatigue were the most common reactogenicities of COVID-19 vaccination. Reactogenicities were less common after the second dose of the vaccines. The adverse effects of AZD1222 were greater than those of other vaccines.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in Egypt (2000–2022): a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Azzam Ahmed , Khaled Heba , Elbohy Ola A. , Mohamed Shueb Abdirahman , Mohamed Sana Mostafa Hussein , Abdelkader Ahmed H. , Ezzat Ahmad Ashraf , Elmowafy Amora Omar Ibrahim , El-Emam Ola Ali , Awadalla Mona , Refaey Neveen , Rizk Shimaa Mohamed Abdou 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B infection seriously threatens global public health, especially in developing nations. Despite several investigations on HBV incidence, the national pooled prevalence remains unknown, particularly in populations at-risk at whom interventions should be primarily aimed.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the following databases: Medline [PubMed], Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. I-squared and Cochran's Q were used to measure the heterogeneity between the studies. Publications that matched the following were included: Primary studies published in Egypt from 2000 to 2022 reported HBV prevalence based on HBsAg. We excluded any studies that were not performed on Egyptians or that were performed on patients suspected of acute viral hepatitis or studies focusing on occult hepatitis or vaccination evaluation studies, or national surveys.

Results
The systematic review included 68 eligible studies reporting a total of 82 incidences of HBV infection based on hepatitis B surface antigen with a total sample size of 862,037. The pooled national prevalence among studies was estimated to be 3.67% [95% CI; 3: 4.39]. Children under 20 with a history of HBV vaccination during infancy had the lowest prevalence of 0.69%. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women, blood donors, and healthcare workers was 2.95%, 1.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. While patients with hemolytic anemia and hemodialysis patients, patients with malignancies, HCC patients, and chronic liver disease patients had the highest prevalences at 6.34%, 25.5%, 18.6%, and 34%, respectively. Studies reporting HBV prevalence in urban settings compared to rural settings revealed a similar HBV prevalence of 2.43% and 2.15%, respectively. Studies comparing HBV prevalence in males and females revealed a higher prevalence among males (3.75%) than females (2.2%).

Conclusion
In Egypt, hepatitis B infection is a significant public health issue. The blocking of mother-to-infant hepatitis B transmission, the scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program, and implementing new strategies, including screen-and-treat, may reduce the prevalence of the disease.