bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective awareness of sleepiness while driving in younger and older adults
Authors: Cai Anna W. T. , Manousakis Jessica E. , Singh Bikram , Francis‐Pester Elly , Kuo Jonny , Jeppe Katherine J. , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Lenné Michael G. , Howard Mark E. , Anderson Clare 
Published: June 2023

SummaryUnderstanding whether drivers can accurately assess sleepiness is essential for educational campaigns advising drivers to stop driving when feeling sleepy. However, few studies have examined this in real‐world driving environments, particularly among older drivers who comprise a large proportion of all road users. To examine the accuracy of subjective sleepiness ratings in predicting subsequent driving impairment and physiological drowsiness, 16 younger (21–33 years) and 17 older (50–65 years) adults drove an instrumented vehicle for 2 h on closed loop under two conditions: well‐rested and 29 h sleep deprivation. Sleepiness ratings (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Likelihood of Falling Asleep scale, Sleepiness Symptoms Questionnaire) were obtained every 15min, alongside lane deviations, near crash events, and ocular indices of drowsiness. All subjective sleepiness measures increased with sleep deprivation for both age groups (p < 0.013). While most subjective sleepiness ratings significantly predicted driving impairment and drowsiness in younger adults (OR: 1.7–15.6,p < 0.02), this was only apparent for KSS, likelihood of falling asleep, and “difficulty staying in the lane for the older adults” (OR: 2.76–2.86,p = 0.02). This may be due to an altered perception of sleepiness in older adults, or due to lowered objective signs of impairment in the older group. Our data suggest that (i) younger and older drivers are aware of sleepiness; (ii) the best subjective scale may differ across age groups; and (iii) future research should expand on the best subjective measures to inform of crash risk in older adults to inform tailored educational road safety campaigns on signs of sleepiness.
Disposition kinetics of robenacoxib following intravenous and oral administration in geese (Anser anser domesticus)
Authors: Fadel Charbel , Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska Beata , Lisowski Andrzej , Laut Seavchou , Poapolathep Amnart , Giorgi Mario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRobenacoxib (RX) is a veterinary cyclooxygenase‐2 selective inhibitor drug. It has never been tested on birds and is only labelled for use in cats and dogs. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Four‐month healthy female geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two‐phase, single‐dose (2 mg/kg IV, 4 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a four‐month washout period between the IV and the PO phases. Blood was collected from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h. Plasma RX concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analysed using ThothPro™ 4.3 software in a non‐compartmental approach. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half‐life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 0.35 h, 0.34 L/kg, and 0.68 L/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the mean peak plasma concentration was 6.78 μg/mL at 0.50 h. The t1/2λz was very short and significantly different between the IV and PO administrations (0.35 h IV vs. 0.99 h PO), suggesting the occurrence of a flip‐flop phenomenon. The Cl values corrected for the F% were significantly different between IV and PO administrations. It might have been a consequence of the longitudinal study design and the altered physiological and environmental conditions after a 4‐month washout period. The absolute oral F% computed with the AUC method surpassed 150%, but after normalizing it to t1/2λz, it was 46%. In conclusion, the administration of RX might not be suitable for geese, due to its short t1/2λz.
Persistent organic pollutants associate with liver disease in a Finnish general population sample
Authors: Hakkarainen Konsta , Rantakokko Panu , Koponen Jani , Ruokojärvi Päivi , Korkalainen Merja , Salomaa Veikko , Jula Antti , Männistö Satu , Perola Markus , Lundqvist Annamari , Männistö Ville , Åberg Fredrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) have multiple adverse effects on human health. Recent studies show a possible association with liver disease, but population‐based data are scarce. In this population‐based study, we studied the associations between POPs and biomarkers of liver disease and incident liver disease.MethodsThis study consisted of 2789 adults that participated in the environmental toxin subset of the Finnish health‐examination survey, FINRISK 2007. Toxins were measured from serum samples, and standard liver tests and dynamic aspartate aminotransferase‐alanine aminotransferase ratio (dAAR) were measured as biomarkers of liver function. Associations between POPs and the biomarkers were then analysed using linear regression. Associations between POPs and incident liver disease (n = 36) were analysed by Cox regression.ResultsOrganochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several perfluorinated alkyl substances exhibited statistically significant positive associations with several biomarkers of liver injury (betacoefficient per SD 0.04–0.14, p < 0.05). These associations were stronger in subgroups of individuals with obesity or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. OCPs, PCBs and perfluoro‐octanoic acid also had significant positive associations with dAAR, which can be used to predict risk of incident severe liver outcomes (beta coefficient per SD 0.05–0.08, p < 0.05). OCPs and PCBs were also significantly and positively associated with incident liver disease (hazard ratio per SD 1.82 95% CI 1.21–2.73, p < 0.01 and hazard ratio per SD 1.69, 95% CI 1.07–2.68, p < 0.05 respectively).ConclusionsSeveral POPs show positive associations with markers of liver injury and incident liver disease, suggesting that environmental toxins are important risk factors for chronic liver disease.
Patient‐reported quality of care in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Walmsley Martine , Tornai Dávid , Cazzagon Nora , Leburgue Angela , Mrzljak Anna , Lenzen Henrike , Carbone Marco , Madaleno João , Lleo Ana , Junge Norman , Schramm Christoph , Bergquist Annika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement and follow‐up strategies for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) vary. The aim of the present study was to assess patient‐reported quality of care to identify the most important areas for improvement.MethodsData were collected via an online survey hosted on the EU Survey platform in 11 languages between October 2021 and January 2022. Questions were asked about the disease, symptoms, treatment, investigations and quality of care.ResultsIn total, 798 nontransplanted people with PSC from 33 countries responded. Eighty‐six per cent of respondents reported having had at least one symptom. Twenty‐four per cent had never undergone an elastography, and 8% had not had a colonoscopy. Nearly half (49%) had never undergone a bone density scan. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used in 90–93% in France, Netherlands and Germany, and 49–50% in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Itch was common (60%), and 50% of those had received any medication. Antihistamines were taken by 27%, cholestyramine by 21%, rifampicin by 13% and bezafibrate by 6.5%. Forty‐one per cent had been offered participation in a clinical trial or research. The majority (91%) reported that they were confident with their care although half of the individuals reported the need for more information on disease prognosis and diet.ConclusionSymptom burden in PSC is high, and the most important areas of improvement are disease monitoring with more widespread use of elastography, bone density scan and appropriate treatment for itch. Personalised prognostic information should be offered to all individuals with PSC and include information on how they can improve their health.
PlasmodiumGPI‐anchored micronemal antigen is essential for parasite transmission through the mosquito host
Authors: Jennison Charlie , Armstrong Janna M. , Dankwa Dorender A. , Hertoghs Nina , Kumar Sudhir , Abatiyow Biley A. , Naung Myo , Minkah Nana K. , Swearingen Kristian E. , Moritz Robert , Barry Alyssa E. , Kappe Stefan H. I. , Vaughan Ashley M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlasmodium parasites, the eukaryotic pathogens that cause malaria, feature three distinct invasive forms tailored to the host environment they must navigate and invade for life cycle progression. One conserved feature of these invasive forms is the micronemes, apically oriented secretory organelles involved in egress, motility, adhesion, and invasion. Here we investigate the role of GPI‐anchored micronemal antigen (GAMA), which shows a micronemal localization in all zoite forms of the rodent‐infecting species Plasmodium berghei. ∆GAMA parasites are severely defective for invasion of the mosquito midgut. Once formed, oocysts develop normally, however, sporozoites are unable to egress and exhibit defective motility. Epitope‐tagging of GAMA revealed tight temporal expression late during sporogony and showed that GAMA is shed during sporozoite gliding motility in a similar manner to circumsporozoite protein. Complementation of P. berghei knockout parasites with full‐length P. falciparum GAMA partially restored infectivity to mosquitoes, indicating conservation of function across Plasmodium species. A suite of parasites with GAMA expressed under the promoters of CTRP, CAP380, and TRAP, further confirmed the involvement of GAMA in midgut infection, motility, and vertebrate infection. These data show GAMA's involvement in sporozoite motility, egress, and invasion, implicating GAMA as a regulator of microneme function.
Schlick and Wittgenstein on games and ethics
Authors: Vrahimis Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn conversations with Schlick and Waismann from June to December 1930, Wittgenstein began to turn his attention to the topic of games. This topic also centrally concerned Schlick. In his earliest philosophical output, Schlick had relied on the results of evolutionary biology in setting out an account of the emergence of the human species' ability to play [Spiel] as a prerequisite for the genesis of scientific knowledge. Throughout his subsequent works, one finds fragmentary appeals to this early view, for example in his oft‐misunderstood claim that play constitutes the meaning of life. Wittgenstein's turn to the topic of games in 1930 not only happened while Professor Schlick was in the room but was also coupled with an explicit response to Schlick's 1930 book Fragen der Ethik. Schlick here employs the example of chess to distinguish between rules and their application—a distinction that underlies his whole attempt to naturalise ethics as a descriptive psycho‐sociological discipline. This paper investigates the relation between Wittgenstein's and Schlick's accounts of games in the light of Wittgenstein's criticisms of Schlick's ethics. Wittgenstein's objections can be answered by taking Schlick's theory of play into consideration.
Clinical, cytological, and pathological characteristics of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid: A study of 14 cases at a Japanese single institution
Authors: Tanaka Aki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Higuchi Miyoko , Miyauchi Akira , Akamizu Takashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA preoperative diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid (MRCCT) is important for determining clinical management but is challenging even in cases with a clinical history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical, cytological, and pathological characteristics of MRCCT. Fourteen MRCCT cases extracted from 18 320 malignant thyroid tumors were included in this study. Twelve MRCCT (85.7%) occurred as solitary lesions and the most frequently suspected lesions on ultrasonography were follicular tumors. On cytology, 46.2% of cases were reported as RCC or suspected RCC; a medical history of RCC and immunocytochemistry were helpful in interpretation. RCC metastasized to a follicular adenoma in 50.0% of the solitary lesions. MRCCTs with a long interval from the initial presentation, solitary lesion, and Ki‐67 labeling index <10% showed significantly longer disease‐free survival. MRCCT is characterized by a long interval from the initial presentation of RCC, appearance as a solitary nodule, ultrasonographic similarity to follicular tumors, sharing cytological findings with primary thyroid tumors, and high frequency of metastasis within follicular adenoma. A long interval from the initial presentation, occurrence as a solitary lesion, and low Ki‐67 labeling index may be favorable prognostic factors.
Overview of the causes of abortion in horses, their follow‐up and management
Authors: Leon Albertine , Pillon Clément , Tebourski Inès , Bruyas Jean‐François , Lupo Coralie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAbortions in horses represent an important health and economic challenge for equine industry. Primary causes of abortion are divided in non‐infectious and infectious. Non‐infectious causes include abnormalities of foetal appendices (umbilical cord and placenta essentially), abnormalities of gestation, maternal and foetal origins. Infectious abortions are caused in almost cases by bacterial infections, followed by viruses, fungi and parasites. New abortive pathogens (asLeptospira, Neospora caninum, Coxiella burnetii,Chlamydophila abortus, and) have been confirmed in equines by comparison already known for their abortive properties in human or in other species. Despite an increasing number of autopsies and continuous improvements in diagnostic tools, in management and surveillance, 20%–40% of the causes of equine abortion remain unknown depending on the country. To increase the likelihood of a definitive diagnosis in cases of abortion and stillbirth in horses, new diagnostic approaches are needed.
Differential effects of parental control on preschool‐age adjustment depending on child effortful control
Authors: Shimomaeda Lisa , Thompson Stephanie F. , Lengua Liliana J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examined whether parental control differentially predicted children's effortful control and adjustment depending on children's levels of executive control and delay ability. Using longitudinal data, the study included 241 preschool‐age children and their mothers. Fifty‐seven percent of the sample was lower income and included 64% White, 10% Latino/Hispanic, 9% Black, 3% Asian‐American, 2% Native or American Indian, and 12% multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds. Interactions between aspects of parental and child control at 3‐years‐old were tested as predictors of mother‐reported child effortful control at 4.5 years and teacher‐reported adjustment at 5.5 years. Children's early levels of executive control and delay ability moderated the relations of some forms of parental control with child outcomes, although several hypothesized interactions were nonsignificant. Low parental autonomy respect predicted higher externalizing for children initially high in executive control but predicted lower externalizing for children initially low in executive control. Conversely, high autonomy respect predicted higher impulsivity for children low in delay ability but higher social competence for children high in delay ability. Finally, low maternal negative control predicted higher internalizing for children low in delay ability, whereas it predicted higher internalizing for children high in delay ability. These findings suggest that in some cases the type and degree of parental control should match a child's level of effortful control to support their social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment optimally.
Predicting outcomes at the individual patient level: what is the best method?
Authors: Liu Qiang , Ostinelli Edoardo Giuseppe , De Crescenzo Franco , Li Zhenpeng , Tomlinson Anneka , Salanti Georgia , Cipriani Andrea , Efthimiou Orestis 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWhen developing prediction models, researchers commonly employ a single model which uses all the available data (end-to-endapproach). Alternatively, asimilarity-basedapproach has been previously proposed, in which patients with similar clinical characteristics are first grouped into clusters, then prediction models are developed within each cluster. The potential advantage of the similarity-based approach is that it may better address heterogeneity in patient characteristics. However, it remains unclear whether it improves the overall predictive performance. We illustrate the similarity-based approach using data from people with depression and empirically compare its performance with the end-to-end approach.MethodsWe used primary care data collected in general practices in the UK. Using 31 predefined baseline variables, we aimed to predict the severity of depressive symptoms, measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 60 days after initiation of antidepressant treatment. Following the similarity-based approach, we usedk-means to cluster patients based on their baseline characteristics. We derived the optimal number of clusters using the Silhouette coefficient. We used ridge regression to build prediction models in both approaches. To compare the models’ performance, we calculated the mean absolute error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) using bootstrapping.ResultsWe analysed data from 16 384 patients. The end-to-end approach resulted in an MAE of 4.64 and R2of 0.20. The best-performing similarity-based model was for four clusters, with MAE of 4.65 and R2of 0.19.ConclusionsThe end-to-end and the similarity-based model yielded comparable performance. Due to its simplicity, the end-to-end approach can be favoured when using demographic and clinical data to build prediction models on pharmacological treatments for depression.
Community-generated solutions to cancer inequity: recommendations from transgender, non-binary and intersex people on improving cancer screening and care
Authors: Ragosta Sachiko , Berry Jasmine , Mahanaimy Moria , Fix Laura , Gomez Anu Manchikanti , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Moseson Heidi 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTransgender, non-binary and intersex people are less likely to receive appropriate cancer screening for their bodies and have a higher incidence of certain cancers than cisgender people. We aimed to elicit community-generated solutions to improve cancer screening for these populations.Methods and analysisWe conducted six online, asynchronous focus groups in English and Spanish with transgender, non-binary, intersex and cisgender participants who were at least 15 years of age from across the USA. Participants shared their experiences with cancer screening and related conversations with healthcare providers and recommendations for making screening practices more inclusive of their bodies and experiences. Focus group data were exported into transcripts and analysed with thematic analysis.ResultsThe 23 participants represented a diversity of races, genders, sexualities, ages and geographical locations. Transgender, non-binary and intersex participants, particularly Black, Indigenous and/or people of colour, reported having to self-advocate to receive necessary care by initiating conversations about screening with their providers, requesting specific screenings and educating providers about the appropriate care for their body. Notably, no white or cisgender participants described having to request relevant screenings or initiate conversations with their providers. Participants recommended that forms ask about body parts and allow for self-identification.ConclusionThe ability to properly screen patients can have a direct impact on cancer outcomes. More inclusive intake forms may alleviate the need for transgender, non-binary and intersex patients to self-advocate to receive necessary care. More work should be done to educate providers on cancer risk for transgender, non-binary and intersex individuals.
Systematic review of studies comparing infliximab and adalimumab in autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Mase Oliver , Qasem Mustafa , Beare Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to review effectiveness studies comparing two biological anti-tumour necrosis factor agents, adalimumab (ADA) and infliximab (IFX), in the management of autoimmune uveitis.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from 2014 until February 2022. The search included the following keywords “Adalimumab”, “Infliximab”, “Autoimmune”, “Anterior”, “Intermediate”, “Posterior”, “Panuveitis”, “Refractory” and “Uveitis”. Primary studies comparing both ADA and IFX in a population of autoimmune uveitis patients were considered. Outcomes of interest were measures of response to treatment and incidence of adverse events.ResultsThe preliminary literature search generated 7156 references. Six studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis; all were non-randomised, retrospective or observational. The included studies found similar effectiveness and side effect profiles for both ADA and IFX in the management of autoimmune uveitis, however, one did not report effectiveness for each separately, and three were limited to Behcet’s disease.ConclusionADA and IFX seem to display comparable effectiveness and safety profiles. However, the available evidence remains scarce, of low quality and at high risk of bias. A direct comparison between ADA and IFX through large randomised controlled trials is needed to provide more substantial evidence of equivalence or superiority in uveitis.
Single-injection serratus anterior plane block for cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: He Yi , Li Zhi , Xu Mingzhe , Du Bin , Zuo YunXia 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundSerratus anterior plane block (SAPB) has gained popularity in cardiothoracic surgery due to its feasibility and simplicity. However, the efficacy of ultrasound-guided single-injection SAPB in the paediatric population has not been well evaluated, as only a few studies with small sample sizes are available.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inception to 31 September 2022 for randomised comparative clinical trials that compared single-injection SAPB with systemic analgesia or different forms of regional analgesia in children. The primary outcomes included postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores within 24 hours. The secondary outcomes included postoperative adverse events, the need for rescue analgesia and the time from the end of surgery to endotracheal tube removal.ResultsFive randomised controlled trials with 418 children meeting the inclusion criteria were included. SAPB markedly reduced postoperative opioid consumption up to 24 hours compared with controls (mean difference (MD): −0.29 mg/kg, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.20,I2=67%]. The postoperative pain scores were reduced compared with controls: 1 hour (MD −0.6, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.04,I2=92%), 4–6 hours (MD −1.16, 95% CI −1.87 to −0.45,I2=90%) and 12 hours (MD −0.71, 95% CI −1.35 to −0.08,I2=86%). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was comparable between SAPB and controls. One trial suggested that the analgesic effect of SAPB was comparable to that of ICNB (intercostal nerve block).ConclusionSingle-injection SAPB is associated with a reduction in opioid consumption and pain intensity after cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy in children. Due to the high heterogeneity, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation scores were low. Clinical trials with rigorous methodological approaches as well as safety endpoints are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021241691.