bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Hepatitis B Infection or Reactivation After Switch to 2-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Series, Literature Review, and Management Discussion
Authors: Vasishta Shilpa , Dieterich Douglas , Mullen Michael , Aberg Judith 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Two-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) without hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity is prescribed for persons with HIV as simplified or salvage therapy. Although two-drug regimens are not recommended for persons with chronic HBV infection, guidelines do not address their use in those with HBV susceptibility and/or core antibody reactivity. We present a case series of individuals with HBV infection or reactivation following switch to two-drug, non-HBV-active ART.

Setting:
HIV primary care clinics of an academic medical center in New York, NY.

Methods:
Case surveillance was conducted to identify persons with HBV surface antigenemia and viremia following two-drug ART switch. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were ascertained through chart review.

Results:
Four individuals with HBV infection or reactivation after ART switch were identified. Two had HBV susceptibility, 1 had core antibody reactivity, and 1 had surface antigen reactivity preswitch. All eligible persons had received HBV vaccination: 2 with low-level antibody response and 1 with persistent nonresponse. Two presented with fulminant hepatitis, with 1 required liver transplantation.

Conclusion:
Two-drug ART switch may pose risk of HBV infection or reactivation. We propose careful patient selection and monitoring through the following: (1) assessment of HBV serologies before switch and periodically thereafter, (2) vaccination and confirmation of immunity before switch, (3) risk stratification and counseling about HBV reactivation for those with core antibody, (4) preemptive HBV DNA monitoring for those at the risk of reactivation, (5) continuation of HBV-active prophylaxis when above measures are not feasible, and (6) continuation of HBV-active therapy and surveillance for chronic HBV infection.
Characterizing Network-Based HIV Testing Interventions to Guide HIV Testing and Contact Tracing at STI Clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Maierhofer Courtney N. , Powers Kimberly A. , Matoga Mitch M. , Chen Jane S. , Jere Edward , Massa Cecilia , Mmodzi Pearson , Bhushan Nivedita L. , Phiri Sam , Hoffman Irving F. , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Miller William C. , Rutstein Sarah E. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Understanding heterogeneity across patients in effectiveness of network-based HIV testing interventions may optimize testing and contact tracing strategies, expediting linkage to therapy or prevention for contacts of persons with HIV (PWH).

Setting:
We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial of a combination intervention comprising acute HIV testing, contract partner notification (cPN), and social contact referral conducted among PWH at 2 STI clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi, between 2015 and 2019.

Methods:
We used binomial regression to estimate the effect of the combination intervention vs. passive PN (pPN) on having any (1) contact, (2) newly HIV-diagnosed contact, and (3) HIV-negative contact present to the clinic, overall and by referring participant characteristics. We repeated analyses comparing cPN alone with pPN.

Results:
The combination intervention effect on having any presenting contact was greater among referring women than men [prevalence difference (PD): 0.17 vs. 0.10] and among previously vs. newly HIV-diagnosed referring persons (PD: 0.20 vs. 0.11). Differences by sex and HIV diagnosis status were similar in cPN vs. pPN analyses. There were no notable differences in the intervention effect on newly HIV-diagnosed referrals by referring participant characteristics. Intervention impact on having HIV-negative presenting contacts was greater among younger vs. older referring persons and among those with >1 vs. ≤1 recent sex partner. Effect differences by age were similar for cPN vs. pPN.

Conclusion:
Our intervention package may be particularly efficacious in eliciting referrals from women and previously diagnosed persons. When the combination intervention is infeasible, cPN alone may be beneficial for these populations.
Development and Validation of the Hospital-to-Home-Health Transition Quality (H3TQ) Index: A Novel Measure to Engage Patients and Home Health Providers in Evaluating Hospital-to-Home Care Transition Quality
Authors: Arbaje Alicia I. , Hsu Yea-Jen , Keita Maningbe , Greyson Sylvan , Wang Jiangxia , Werner Nicole E. , Carl Kimberly , Hohl Dawn , Jones Kate , Bowles Kathryn H. , Chan Kitty S. , Marsteller Jill A. , Gurses Ayse P. , Leff Bruce 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Patients requiring skilled home health care (HH) after hospitalization are at high risk of adverse events. Human factors engineering (HFE) approaches can be useful for measure development to optimize hospital-to-home transitions.

Objective:
To describe the development, initial psychometric validation, and feasibility of the Hospital-to-Home-Health-Transition Quality (H3TQ) Index to identify patient safety risks.

Methods:

Development: A multisite, mixed-methods study at 5 HH agencies in rural and urban sites across the United States. Testing: Prospective H3TQ implementation on older adults' hospital-to-HH transitions. Populations Studied: Older adults and caregivers receiving HH services after hospital discharge, and their HH providers (nurses and rehabilitation therapists).

Results:
The H3TQ is a 12-item count of hospital-to-HH transitions best practices for safety that we developed through more than 180 hours of observations and more than 80 hours of interviews. The H3TQ demonstrated feasibility of use, stability, construct validity, and concurrent validity when tested on 75 transitions. The vast majority (70%) of hospital-to-HH transitions had at least one safety issue, and HH providers identified more patient safety threats than did patients/caregivers. The most frequently identified issues were unsafe home environments (32%), medication issues (29%), incomplete information (27%), and patients' lack of general understanding of care plans (27%).

Conclusions:
The H3TQ is a novel measure to assess the quality of hospital-to-HH transitions and proactively identify transitions issues. Patients, caregivers, and HH providers offered valuable perspectives and should be included in safety reporting. Study findings can guide the design of interventions to optimize quality during the high-risk hospital-to-HH transition.
Comparison of Oral and IV 18F-NaF PET/CT Administration in the Assessment of Bone Metastases in Patients With Breast or Prostate Cancers
Authors: Rocha Nelisa Helena , Zacchi Samara Riguete , Sado Heitor Naoki , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Duarte Paulo Schiavom , Sapienza Marcelo Tatit 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare oral and IV administrations of 18F-NaF PET/CT for detection of suspicious bone metastatic lesions of breast and prostate cancers.

Patients and Methods
Thirty-six patients with breast (n = 23) or prostate (n = 13) cancers and high risk for bone metastases were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent 2 PET/CT studies after IV and oral 18F-NaF administration within a 2 to 23 days interval between them. The maximum SUVs from the same suspicious lesions (≤5 index lesions per patient) in both studies were measured. The target-to-background ratio (TBR), defined as the relation between the lesion maximum SUV and the whole skeletal mean SUV, was calculated for each lesion. The TBRs in the same lesion calculated using the 2 administration routes were compared. The agreements between 2 physicians in the definition of the number of lesions in both studies were also assessed using weighted κ.

Results
One hundred thirty-four pairs of lesions were analyzed. There was no significant statistical difference between the median TBRs (P = 0.212) for IV (10.33) and oral (10.85). Excellent intraobserver agreement was observed between IV and oral routes: weighted κ of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.0) and 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.99) for physicians 1 and 2, respectively. The interobserver coefficients were 0.82 and 0.87 for “oral versus oral” and “IV versus IV,” respectively.

Conclusions

18F-NaF PET/CT studies using oral and IV routes present comparable performance; thus, it is possible to use oral route in patients with difficult venous access.
Bilateral Pulmonary Enteric Adenocarcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Su Hengyu , Yang Lixiang , Shen Guohua , Tian Rong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma(PEAC) is a rare variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. We herein report FDG PET/CT findings of PEAC in a 76-year-old woman. The images showed widespread opacities in both lungs with intense FDG uptake. The pathology revealed pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma.
Prospective Comparison of the Imaging Value of 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis Syndrome
Authors: Xu Tingting , Ding Haoyuan , Fan Dongmei , Shu Qingxue , Liu Guangfu , Zhang Shumao , Chen Yue 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the imaging value of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome and compare it with that of 99mTc-MDP bone scan.

Methods
Nineteen participants with SAPHO syndrome underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scan. Demographic data and clinical features were recorded, SAPHO imaging features were analyzed, and the osteoarticular lesion detection rate in both methods was calculated.

Results
This prospective study recruited 4 men and 15 women aged 52.4 ± 8.6 years. The anterior chest wall was involved in all participants (100%). Palmoplantar pustulosis was the most common (36.8%) skin symptom. 99mTc-MDP bone scan and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT together detected 84 osteoarticular lesions, of which 91.7% (77/84) were detected by the former and 96.4% (81/84) by the latter. Furthermore, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT detected 5 cases of knee and hip joint synovitis.

Conclusions

68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was more sensitive than 99mTc-MDP bone scan when evaluating osteoarticular lesions in SAPHO syndrome and could also evaluate synovial lesions. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT could be a good imaging method for SAPHO syndrome but requires further verification in a more extensive research cohort.
Saccade Analysis in Patients With Orbital-Wall Fractures Without Diplopia
Authors: Kakeue Ken , Yunoki Tatsuya , Mihara Miharu , Hayashi Atsushi 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to analyze saccades in patients with orbital-wall fractures with little or no ocular motor impairment.

Methods:
We included 7 eyes of 7 patients with unoperated orbital-wall fractures (3 cases of orbital-floor fractures and 4 cases of medial orbital-wall fractures) with mild or no diplopia who presented to our hospital between August 2019 and March 2021. Eye movements were assessed at the first visit and after 1 month using the Hess area ratio according to the Hess screen test, binocular single vision (BSV) scores (total 59 points) obtained using Goldman perimetry, and maximum velocity and amplitude of saccades within 15 degrees obtained using an eye tracker system.

Results
Hess area ratio and BSV scores at the first visit and after 1 month were 88.6±8.2% and 97.4±3.6% and 49.6±8.5 points and 53.5±6.6 points, respectively, with no significant change (Hess area ratio, P=0.06; BSV, P=0.44). Next, the authors compared the velocity and amplitude of the saccades between the first visit and 1 month later and found no significant changes in any of the 4 directions (adduction, abduction, upgaze, and downgaze). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the velocity and amplitude of the saccades between the injured and noninjured eyes, both at the first visit and after 1 month.

Conclusions:
In patients with orbital-wall fractures with little or no eye movement impairment, eye tracker-based saccade analysis showed that the saccade velocity and amplitude did not change during the natural course of healing of the fracture.
How ready is the health care system in North East India for surgical delivery? A mixed methods study on surgical capacity and need
Authors: Virk Amrit , King Rebecca , Heneise Michael , Brown Julia , Jayne David , Ensor Tim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical services are scarce with persisting inequalities in access across populations and regions globally. As the world’s most populous county, India’s surgical need is high and delivery rates estimated to be sub-par to meet need. There is a dearth of evidence particularly sub-regional data on surgical provisioning and need to aid planning.Aim and methodThis mixed methods study examines the state of surgical care in Northeast India, specifically health care system capacity and barriers to surgical delivery. It involved a facility based census and semi-structured interviews with surgeons and patients across four states in the region.ResultsAbdominal conditions constituted a large portion of the overall surgeries across public and private facilities in the region. Workloads varied among surgical providers across facilities. Task-shifting occurred, involving non-specialist nursing staff assisting doctors on surgical procedures or surgeons’ taking on anaesthetic tasks. Structural factors dis-incentivised facility level investment in suitable infrastructure. Patients’ care pathways were shaped by facility level shortages as well as personal preferences influenced by cost and distance to facilities.Discussion and conclusionskewed workloads across facilities and regions indicate uneven surgical delivery, with potentially variable care quality and provider efficiency. A systemic approach to referral coordination and human resource management are evident. Existing task shifting practices, along with incapacities induced by structural factors signal the direction of possible policy action.
Human iPSC 4R tauopathy model uncovers modifiers of tau propagation
Authors: Bravo Celeste Parra , Giani Alice Maria , Perez Jesus Madero , Zhao Zeping , Samelson Avi , Wong Man Ying , Evangelisti Alessandro , Fan Li , Pozner Tatyana , Mercedes Maria , Ye Pearly , Patel Tark , Yarahmady Allan , Carling Gillian , Lee Virginia M. Y. , Sharma Manu , Mok Sue-Ann , Luo Wenjie , Zhao Mingrui , Kampmann Martin , Gong Shiaoching , Gan Li 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYTauopathies are age-associated neurodegenerative diseases whose mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive, partially due to lack of appropriate human models. Current human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons express very low levels of 4-repeat (4R)-tau isoforms that are normally expressed in adult brain. Here, we engineered new iPSC lines to express 4R-tau and 4R-tau carrying the P301SMAPTmutation when differentiated into neurons. 4R-P301S neurons display progressive Tau inclusions upon seeding with Tau fibrils and recapitulate features of tauopathy phenotypes, including shared transcriptomic signatures, autophagic body accumulation, and impaired neuronal activity. A CRISPRi screen of genes associated with Tau pathobiology identified over 500 genetic modifiers of Tau-seeding-induced Tau propagation, including retromer VPS29 and the UFMylation cascade as top modifiers. In AD brains, the UFMylation cascade is altered in neurofibrillary-tangle-bearing neurons. Inhibiting the UFMylation cascade suppressed seeding-induced Tau propagation. This model provides a powerful platform to identify novel therapeutic strategies for 4R tauopathy.
Why not both? A case study measuring cortisol and corticosterone in poison frogs
Authors: Westrick Sarah E. , Paitz Ryan T. , Fischer Eva K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA general tenet in stress physiology is that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis predominantly produces one glucocorticoid (GC) in response to stressors. However, the two main glucocorticoids produced by vertebrates – cortisol and corticosterone – show variation across species in absolute levels, relative proportions, and stress responsivity. Therefore, focusing on a single GC may not tell the whole story. In this study, we measured both cortisol and corticosterone in water samples collected from five species of Dendrobatid poison frogs. Understanding the full picture of the physiological stress response in poison frogs is of special interest due to their susceptibility to environmental stressors and conservation status. Based on pioneering studies of steroidogenesis in a select few species of amphibians, corticosterone is thought to be dominant and more abundant in all amphibians. Counter to this idea, we found water-borne cortisol was more abundant than corticosterone in three of the five species.Dendrobates tinctoriusandPhyllobates terribilisreleased equal amounts of cortisol and corticosterone. When we stimulated the HPA axis inD. tinctorius, we found water-borne corticosterone was responsive to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), while cortisol did not change. Comparing plasma and water samples, we found water-borne cortisol was positively correlated with cortisol in plasma and the relationship between plasma and water-borne corticosterone was positive but not statistically significant. These results challenge the broadly accepted assumption that corticosterone is ‘dominant’ in amphibians and add to the growing literature highlighting the importance of measuring both GCs to understand (stress) physiology.
Identification of Natural Antiviral Drug Candidates Against Tilapia Lake Virus: Computational Drug Design Approaches
Authors: Sumon Md Afsar Ahmed , Asseri Amer H. , Molla Mohammad Habibur Rahman , Aljahdali Mohammed Othman , Hasan Md. Rifat , Rahman M. Aminur , Hasan Md. Tawheed , Sumon Tofael Ahmed , Gabr Mohamed Hosny , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Fakhurji Burhan , Moulay Mohammed , Larson Earl , Brown Christopher L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is a disease that affects tilapia fish, causing a high rate of sudden death at any stage of their growth. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs or vaccines to control the progression of this disease. Researchers have discovered that the CRM1 protein plays a critical function in the development and spreading of animal viruses. By inhibiting CRM1, the virus’s spread in commercial fish farms can be suppressed. With this in mind, this study intended to identify potential antiviral drugs from two different tropical mangrove plants from tropical regions:Heritiera fomesandCeriops candolleana. To identify promising compounds that target the CRM1 protein, a computer-aided drug discovery approach is employed containing molecular docking, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) analysis, toxicity assessment as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. To estimate binding affinities of all phytochemicals, molecular docking is used and the top three candidate compounds with the highest docking scores were selected, which are CID107876 (-8.3), CID12795736 (-8.2), and CID12303662 (-7.9). We also evaluated the ADME and toxicity properties of these compounds. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to analyze the stability of the protein-ligand complex structures and confirm the suitability of these compounds. The computational study demonstrated that the phytochemicals found inH. fomesandC. candolleanacould potentially serve as important inhibitors of TiLV, offering practical utility. However, furtherin vivoinvestigations are necessary to investigate the effectiveness of these compounds as antiviral drugs against the virus TiLV.
Exploring novel inflammation-related genetic and hematological predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Marinkovic Mladen , Stojanovic-Rundic Suzana , Stanojevic Aleksandra , Ostojic Marija , Gavrilovic Dusica , Jankovic Radmila , Maksimovic Natasa , Stroggilos Rafael , Zoidakis Jerome , Castellví-Bel Sergi , Fijneman Remond J.A. , Cavic Milena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe standard initial treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). In order to select patients who would benefit the most from nCRT, there is a strong need for predictive biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of clinical, pathological, radiological, inflammation-related genetic, and hematological parameters in the prediction of response after nCRT.MethodsIn silicoanalysis of published transcriptomics datasets was conducted to identify the best candidate genes, whose expression will be measured using quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) in pretreatment formaline-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. In this study, 75 patients with LARC, between June 2020 and January 2022, were prospectively included. Patients were assessed for tumor response in the 8th week after nCRT completion with pelvic MRI scan and rigid proctoscopy. For patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) and initially distant located tumor no immediate surgery was suggested (“watch and wait” approach). The response after surgery was assessed using histopathological tumor regression grading (TRG) categories from postoperative specimens by Mandard. Responders (R) were defined as patients with cCR without operative treatment, and those with TRG 1 and TRG 2 postoperative categories. Non-responders (NR) were patients classified as TRG 3-5.ResultsResponders group comprised 35 patients (46.6%) and NR group included 53.4% of patients. Analysis of published transcriptomics data identified genes that could predict response to treatment and their significance was assessed in our cohort by qRT-PCR. When comparison was made in the subgroup of patients who were operated (TRG1 vs. TRG4), the expression of IDO1 was significantly deregulated (p<0.05). Among hematological parameters between R and NR a significant difference in the response was detected for neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), initial basophil, eosinophil and monocyte counts (p<0.01). According to MRI findings, non-responders were more often presented with extramural vascular invasion (p<0.05).ConclusionBased on logistic regression model, factors associated with favorable response to nCRT were found to be tumor morphology as well as hematological parameters which can be easily and routinely derived from initial laboratory results (NMR, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte counts) in a minimally invasive manner. Using various metrics, an aggregated score of the initial eosinophil, basophil, and monocyte counts demonstrated the best predictive performance.