bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric Technique for Monitoring Water Stress in Palm Oil Seedlings
Authors: Raypah Muna E. , Omar Ahmad Fairuz , Jamlos Mohd Faizal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prevention of stress in the asymptomatic stage of the plants could result in improved crop management. In this study, the water and light stress of three oil palm seedlings (Elaeis Guineensis) was examined by assessing the leaves' colour using CIELAB colour space. The oil palm seedlings were subjected to water stress for 33 days and then to water and light stress from 55 to 78 day (for 25 days). The variation of the colour of the leaves due to water stress was discussed in detail. The approach used in this study to identify the drought stress may allow for differentiating mild environmental and severe drought stress in oil palm plants and may be used for remote field-scale estimation of plant stress resistance and health.
Neodymium Oxide (Nd2O3) as Passive Q-switcher for Pulsed Fiber Laser Generation in C-band Region
Authors: Roslan I. A. Z. , Rahman M. F. A. , Latiff A. A. , Harun S. W. , Yasin M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work demonstrate Neodymium Oxide (Nd2O3) film as a passive saturable absorber (SA) for pulse generation within C-band region. The saturable absorber was fabricated from Nd2O3 powder, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to form a film. The all-fiber ring cavity configuration was used in the experiment. The Q-switching operated with the pump power from 60 mW to 120 mW. The repetition rate increases from 52 kHz to 77 kHz, while the pulse width shown decrement of 7.4 µs to 5.3 µs. The signal-to-noise ratio obtained of the fundamental frequency is 64 dB. The maximum output power and pulse energy are 3.6 mW and 4.6 nJ respectively. The maximum peak power obtained is 0.87 mW.
Fluctuation Effect of Dissolved of TAN (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) on Diatom Abundance in Intensive Shrimp Culture Ponds
Authors: Ariadi H , Syakirin M. B , Hidayati S , Madusari B D. , Soeprapto H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
TAN (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) is the accumulation of nutrient elements needed by plankton to grow in intensive shrimp farming ponds. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship effect of TAN concentration fluctuations on diatom abundance in the intensive shrimp culture cycle. This research was conducted during one intensive shrimp culture cycle at PT. Menjangan Mas Nusantara, Pandeglang, with its research variables is the dominance percentage of plankton abundance and the level of TAN solubility in ponds. The results showed that during the shrimp culture period the abundance of plankton was dominated by predominant diatom, chlorophyceae, and chyanophyceae classes. The percentage of diatom dominance during cultivation has a graph similarity with the level dissolved of TAN fluctuation in the pond. The dissolved of TAN itself is described continue to increase with shrimp farming age. Statically, the relationship between the dissolved effect of TAN concentration on diatom abundance in ponds was modeled by the regression equation y = 2.210 + 32.411 (R2= 0.88; α0.00). The conclusion obtained from the results of this study, the level of dominance by diatom abundance during shrimp culture period is strongly influenced by the fluctuation of TAN concentration as the main nutrient element in ponds with a significance level of 88%.
The Effects of Different Dosages of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) towards The Sex of Betta Fish Embryo
Authors: Batubara JP , Laila K , Rumodang R , Kurniawan D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Betta fish (Betta splendens) is one of the ornamental fish that is in demand by the public because it has aesthetic value and high economic value. The attractive body color of male betta fish with long fins causes this fish to be more attractive to the public compared to female betta fish. Male betta fish have the prospect of being monosexually cultured which can be done by masculinization method. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of pasak bumi extract on the percentage of male sex ratio, hatchability and survival rate of larvae. The masculinization method is an engineering technique of administering steroid hormones that can increase the male sex ratio with using natural materials that are environmentally friendly such as pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack). Pasak Bumi contains phytosterol compounds so it can be used as a natural ingredient in masculinization applications. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Asahan University using Completely Randomized Design 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) replications with dose pasak bumi extract is 0 mg/L; 1 mg/L; 2 mg/L; 3 mg/L and 4 mg/L. The treatment was given by soaking betta fish embryos in the Morula phase, which is about 2 (two) hours after fertilization. The results of the study show that concentration pasak bumi 3 mg/L resulted in the highest percentage of males from all treatments, which was 76.50%. The percentage of hatchability for all treatments is 100% However, the highest survival rate was found indose 4 mg/L by 65%. The research results also show found fish intersex in the treatment of 2 mg/L of 0,40% and 4 mg/L by 0,25%. Water quality during the study in the form of temperature ranged from 24.5-26.7°C; pH 5.8 – 7.1 and DO 3.5 – 4.7 mg/l.
Identification of Ectoparasites that Infect Mangrove Crabs (Scylla Serrata) in Asahan District, Indonesia
Authors: Rumondang  , Batubara J P , Laila K , Gustira D , Mulyani I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the type and level of prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites that infect mud crabs (Scylla serrata) in Asahan district. The method of data collection was carried out by field observation methods carried out in the sea silos, Pematang Baru, and Sei Kepayang areas. The crab samples observed were live crabs, the number of mud crabs taken for the sample was 10% of each population. Furthermore, in the carapace, the type of parasite that attacks is Trichodina sp with a prevalence rate of 38%. This parasite infected 5 of the 13 samples. Then the types of parasites Carchesium sp and Poecilasmatidae each with a prevalence rate of 31% these two types of parasites infect 4 samples of crabs found at the foot of theroad, this type of parasite infects 4 out of 13 samples. Then the types of parasites Carchesium sp and Poecilasmatidae each with a prevalence rate of 31% these two types of parasites infect 4 samples of crabs found at the foot of theroad, this type of parasite infects 4 out of 13 samples. Then the types of parasites Carchesium sp and Poecilasmatidae sp each with a prevalence rate of 31% these two types of parasites infect 4 samples of crabs found at the foot of theroad, this type of parasite infects 4 out of 13 samples. The crabs that attack the sea silos are Octolasmis sp, Ichtyopthyrius multifilis, Trichodina sp, Zoothamnium sp. The parasites that attack the new ponds are Octolasmis sp, Carchesium sp, Zoothamnium sp, and the parasites that attack Sei Kepayang are Octolasmis sp, Carchesium sp, Poecilasmatidae sp, Trichodina sp. The intensity of the parasites found was classified as moderate but for the parasite Octolasmis sp.
Automation design for lobster Floating Net Cage shifting from red tide in marine waters
Authors: Waryanto  , Zulkarnain R , Mahabror D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Floating Net Cages are a medium for lobsters rearing and at certain times, red tide caused mortality for lobsters. One solution is to shift the floating net cages in marine waters to safe waters which are controlled using a microcontroller. Water quality monitoring will be input for the microcontroller to give orders to the mooring line extension station and to command the foot station to perform tasks according to the function of each station. Field observations of the use of water quality monitoring to indicate the threat of red tide to the floating net cage location, as an order for the microcontroller to carry out; literature study includes water quality monitoring and sensor systems; the command flow in the form of a chart in the form of step by step logic from input in the form of results from monitoring water quality to avoid the threat of red tide automatically; design the hardware and create the software in the form of a command flow chart. The result of automation design is presented in the chart form which is a flow of commands from input in the form of water quality monitoring results to the process of shifting the floating net cage to avoid the threat of red tide. Information about red tide in the floating net cage environment used as input for the microcontroller commanding an automatic mooring rope length increaser and automatic floating net cage legs. Two things that used designing of the automation of shifting floating net cages for lobster rearing from red tide in marine waters: identify the presence of red tide in seawater currents leading to floating net cages for lobster rearing and action process in shifting floating net cages by two tools.
The Role of Prebiotics for Diversity of Intestinal Microorganisms of Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus)
Authors: Handayani I , Aryati Y , Gardenia L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prebiotics are undigested food ingredients that can be utilized by intestinal microorganisms. The provision of prebiotics will improve growth performance, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and increase fish immunity. Several previous aquaculture studies have used single prebiotics as prebiotics, such as FOS, GOS, and inulin. We need a material that is multi prebiotics which is expected to give better results. Honey is a material that includes multi prebiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the administration of prebiotic honey with different doses (0%, 05%, and 1% doses) through feeding on the diversity of microbiota in the digestive tract of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The method used in this study was to take samples of tilapia intestines, then analyzed them using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results showed that the most unique OTU were in the treatment of prebiotic honey with a dose of 1%. The treatment of prebiotic honey in the feed gave a higher OTU compared to the control. This is because the oligosaccharide content of honey can be utilized by the gut microbiota. The high unique OTUs in the treatment of adding honey, both 0.5% and 1%, presumably because these unique OTUs can grow well in that environment so that there is an equilibrium between species that together can utilize nutrients from honey oligosaccharides. so that all components of the microbiota can grow optimally. Prebiotic honey given to tilapia also triggers the emergence of the genus Lactobacillus, Cetobacterium, and Clostridium sensu stricto which are probiotic bacteria in the fisheries sector.
Low Salinity Application to Improve Biofloc System in Early Grow-Out Stage of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Syaichudin M , Jumriadi  , Gafur A , Akmal  , Rahmi  , Lideman  , Sadat  , Juniyanto NM , Sujaka S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Extreme time for the failure of white shrimp culture often occurs at the beginning of rearing, especially during disease attacks and environmental degradation, where high salinity is also a trigger. This research aimed to examine the robustness of shrimp culture with environmental design at low salinity at the beginning of rearing. Methodology: this study was conducted in two plastic ponds (900 m2), each with a seed stocking density (PL-8) of 250 indv/m2, where treatment A (control/initial salinity 27 ppt), while treatment B (low initial salinity 15 ppt) with rearing for 80 days. According to the results from both regimens, salinity changed from the beginning of stocking until the day of 43(27-28 ppt). There began to be similarities, where the addition of water always used normal seawater (33 ppt) until the end. Vibrio harveyii disease attack in DOC 41 occurred in treatment A (control) which was marked by luminescence light from the water rearing, this was different in treatment B which was clean from the luminescence light of pond water. This is also thought to cause the survival rate of control to be lower. It appears that the survival rate (SR) calculation is different, whereas, in treatment A (control), it is only 86%, while in treatment B is 98%. The average body weight in treatment A averaged 8.19±1,36 g/indv, while treatment B averaged 8.69±1,55 g/indv. The results of the FCR calculation in treatment A (control) was around 1.57, while treatment B was 1.42 with total biomass on A 1.402 kg and for treatment B 1.624 kg. The implementation of a low salinity environmental design at the start of rearing can boost the white shrimp culture biofloc system’s robustness, it can be concluded.
Diversity Of Marine Macro Molluscan Gastropods and Bivalves In The Intertidal Areas Of Ajuy, Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Arabaca MLC , Ilano A , Taunan VO 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Philippines has rich marine resources but are threatened by the effects of climate change and other activities made by humans. There is an inadequate or scarcity in literature on prominent impacts of climate change on the country’s rich biodiversity, specifically on marine ecosystem, thus this study aimed to determine the diversity of marine macro molluscan gastropods and bivalves on the intertidal areas of Ajuy, Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines. Marine macro gastropods and bivalves were surveyed monthly from October 2015 to March 2016 and transect method was carried out to assess species composition, abundance and occurrence. Shannon-Wiener index (H’) was utilized to determine the diversity of marine macro molluscan gastropods and bivalves in the area. Coefficient of correlation was used to determine correlation between physico-chemical properties of sea water with the diversity index value. There were a total of 8,705 individual mollusks sampled and classified up to 43 species of gastropods having 28 genera belonging to 20 families and 29 species of bivalves belonging to 22 genera out of 14 families. The family Muricidae was the best represented in species richness among the gastropods and family Veneridae among the bivalves. In family wise landing among the gastropods, the maximum number recorded was Batillariidae having a relative abundance of 46%. In bivalves, the most abundant family was Veneridae with 20.25% relative abundance. The Shannon-Wiener index value revealed that the area was still normal in terms of species diversity. Temperature and DO of sea water were positively correlated with the H’, whereas pH and salinity were negatively correlated. This study provided baseline information as to the status of marine macro molluscan gastropods and bivalves in the intertidal area of Ajuy, Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines.
Production of ornamental fish in a biofloc-based system using sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) waste as carbon source
Authors: Deocampo J E , Fenol J T , Jimenez A G M , Paguntalan G S , Caipang C M A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe use of biofloc technology has positive effects on the quality of water and utilization of feed through the recycling microbial protein during the culture of commercially important finfishes. This culture technology is also used in the rearing of ornamental fish to address limitations on land space and water use as well to minimize the impacts of wastewater discharge. Therefore, the current study evaluated the utilization of plant wastes in the production of biofloc for the ornamental fish culture. A 30-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of using sweetpotato,Ipomoea batataswastes in biofloc production for the rearing of molly,Poeciliasp. The effects on growth, water quality and bacterial population in the water were evaluated. Triplicate tanks of water supplemented with dried sweetpotato wastes (biofloc treatment) at a C:N ratio of 10 and the non-biofloc group were stocked with mixed-sex juveniles of molly at a density of 3 fish per liter and reared for 30 days. Significant differences were observed in water quality parameters particularly lower concentrations of ammonia and nitrate in the biofloc group. Growth parameters showed better growth and lower feed conversion rate in the biofloc group. Higher bacterial counts were also observed in the biofloc group than in the control. The current study showed that sweet potato wastes could be used in the production of biofloc during the rearing of ornamental fish and the presence of bioflocs can increase bacterial population in the water resulting in the recycling of nutrients that could lead towards improving water quality and enhancing fish growth.
Gastric Contents Analysis of Gulamah Fish (Johnius belangerii) Obtained In West Dumai Subdistrict and East Dumai Subdistrict
Authors: Yoswaty D , Efriyeldi E , Batubara U M , Windarti W , Ghazali T M , Saputra E , Jaya R S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gulamah fish (Johnius belangerii) is one type of marine fish found in Dumai waters. The study aimed to analyze the composition of natural feed on the stomach contents of gulamah fish obtained in Dumai. Research methods are survey methods, sampling is done by purposive sampling. The study was conducted in April-June 2022. Gulamah fish samples collected were 60 fish (in West Dumai Subdistrict 30 fish and East Dumai Subdistrict 30 fish). Fish samples were divided into 3 size classes, namely 3.1-8.3 cm; 8.4-13.5 cm and 13.6-18.7 cm. The results showed that the composition of food in the stomach contents of gulamah fish obtained in West Dumai Subdistrict is the size of class I (detritus IP 50%; and fish IP 50%), Class II (detritus IP 64%; fish IP 17.8%; shrimp IP 13.4%; and shellfish IP 4.8%) and Class III (detritus IP 5.6%; fish IP 83%; shrimp IP 5.6%; and shellfish IP 5.9%). The composition of food on the stomach contents of fish obtained in East Dumai Subdistrict consists of class I Size (detritus IP 57%; fish IP 10%; and shrimp IP 33%); Class II (empty stomach contents); and Class III (shrimp IP 100%). This indicates that gulamah fish (J. belangerii) is classified as a carnivorous fish.
Bioactive Components of Meat Powder and Viscera-Gonad Holothuria Scabra from Terung Island Waters, Batam, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarto  , Karnila R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Holothuria scabra contains some bioactive components that are highly needed by humans in functional and healthy food. This study aims to determine differences in chemical content and bioactive components, the amount of water-soluble protein, salt-soluble protein, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile from meat powder ingredients and viscera-gonad. The research stages include the weeding process and sample preparation, making meat powder and sea cucumber viscera-gonad, and testing the chemical and bioactive composition. Yields of sea cucumber meat powder and viscera-gonads were 95.45% and 95.92%, respectively. Sea cucumber meat powder has a slightly grayish creamy white color (69.32% white degree), while the sea cucumber gonad powder has a slightly brownish grayish-white color (63.09% white degree). The chemical contents of meat powder and edible gonad of sea cucumber are water content 9.12% and 16.12%, protein 79.50% (dw) and 51.83% (dw), fat 2.14% (dw) and 20.09% (dw), ash 4.14% (dw) and 9.52% (dw), carbohydrates 13.88% (dw) and 18.57% (dw), respectively. Components of bioactive in sea cucumber extract generally contain flavonoid components, saponins, alkaloids and steroids, and specifically, the meat is not identified flavonoid compounds. Water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein in the sea cucumber powder decreased compared to the fresh sea cucumber. Essential amino acids in sea cucumber amino were most abundant in meat of 74.09% and viscera-gonads of 49.95%. The dominant essential amino acids in sea cucumber meat included lysine (6.78%) and leucine (7.11%), in the viscera-gonad of leucine amino acid types (3.81%) and arginine (4.16%). The amount of total fatty acids in sea cucumber meat (1.71%) was smaller than that of sea cucumber gonads (18.49%). The types of fatty acids identified in the meat and the sea cucumber viscera-gonad were saturated fatty acids of 1.08% and 8.97%; saturated fatty acids of 0.63% and 4.96%; while compounds saturated fatty acids in meat were not identified and in viscera-gonads by 4.56%.
Amino Acid and Mineral Profiles of Fresh Snakehead (Channa striata) Meat to Potential as an Immune System
Authors: Dewita D , Sidauruk S W , Desmelati D 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, Riau Province experienced an increase in fish consumption as an effort to improve the immune system in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. The increase in fish consumption is in line with the increase in the production of snakehead fish commodity fisheries in Riau Province. However, research on the nutritional content of snakehead fish from Riau waters has not been reported. So, this study aimed to characterize the snakehead fish meat’s amino acid and mineral profiles. Snakehead fish was obtained from Bengkuang Lake, Riau Province then analyzed physically (fish freshness detection, morphometrics, and fish body proportions) and chemically (proximate, amino acids, and minerals). The results showed that the snakehead fish meat obtained from Riau waters was in fresh condition with a body length of 30.33 cm and a body weight of 252 g, which was dominated by the proportion of the body part of the meat of 37.38%. Based on chemical characteristics, snakehead fish meat contained 16.99% protein and 1.96% ash. Snakehead fish meat also had dominant amino acids, namely leucine 0.539% and glutamic acid 1.446%. Furthermore, snakehead fish meat minerals were dominated by Fe 6.217% and Zn 2.235%. The presence of amino acids leucine, glutamic acid, and Fe and Zn minerals play an important role in the wound healing process and immune system.
The Ecological Analysis of The Habitat of Semah Fish (Tor tambroides, Bleeker 1854) in The Kampar Kanan Hulu River Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Mulyani I , Sumiarsih E , Putra R M , Shahrian W , Ariyani D , Rumondang  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Semah fish (Tor tambroides, Bleeker 1854) is one of the asian endemic fish species that have high economic value. Living from this semah fish inhabits the upper reaches of the river, one of which is the upper reaches of the right upper Kampar river, which is located in Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. From the data and information obtained, the presence of the number of semah fish in the Kampar river continues to experience a decrease in population. The decline in the population of this semah fish is thought to be due to changes in the ecological conditions of this semah fish habitat. This study aims to analyze ecological aspects, namely in the form of physico-chemical factors of water quality of the Kampar Kanan Hulu River in Bandur Picak village as a habitat for semah fish. Water sampling was carried out in the waters of the Kampar Hulu Kanan River, Bandur Picak Village, Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This study used a survey method where data was taken directly to the location using in situ and exsitu analysis to explain the characteristics of the semah fish habitat. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results of this study showed in measuring water quality with the results of physical parameters, including: temperature of 24—26 °C, current speed of 0,44—0.5 m/s, depth of 0.95—2.3 m, and brightness of 0,44—0.5 m, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 6—11 mg/l, Total Suspended Solid (TDS) 28.2—37.6 ppm. As for the chemical parameters, the water quality is as follows: DO 7,2—8 ppm, pH 6, CO2 7.99 ppm, Total Posphat 0.15—0.17 ppm, Total Nitrogen 1.28—1.46 mg/l and NH3 0.11—0.14 ppm.