bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenhancers from mother nature: an overview
Authors: Thorat Suvarna S. , Gujar Kishor N. , Karale Chandrakant K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The concept of bioenhancer comes from Ayurveda. Many ways have been documented in the literature to boost the bioavailability of poorly bioavailable medications, and one of the most recent techniques is the use of bioavailability enhancers.

Main body of the abstract
Herbal bioenhancers are a choice of bioenhancer in modern medicine because of their easy absorption, safety, and lack of side effects. They also reduce drug toxicity, decrease treatment times, and lower treatment costs. Increasing drug bioavailability after oral administration is medically relevant since bioavailability has a direct impact on plasma drug concentrations and therapeutic bioefficacy. When medicine is coupled with a suitable bioenhancer, the bioavailability of the drug is increased. The drug and bioenhancers have no synergistic effect. They reduce the dosage, cost, toxicity, and other side effects, as well as the amount of time it takes to act.

Short conclusion
The objective of these survey is that to investigate the thought of the bioavailability to get a superior therapeutic response within the right portion with natural pharmaceuticals containing product, as well as the classification of bioenhancers, mechanism of action, commercial formulation, and future prospects.
Rivers and Reconciliation
Authors: Lyons Kristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article presents an ethnographic and participatory action research project to reconstruct the “socioecological memory” of the Mandur River watershed in the Colombian Amazon. The objective of this project was to create conditions for community dialogues over the territorial ordering, recovery, and conservation of the watershed in the midst of ongoing socio-environmental conflicts. The author introduces the proposal to engage in what grassroots organizations call “profound reconciliation” along with the ethical stakes of reconciliatory processes that tend to human and more-than-human relations damaged by the interconnected dynamics of structural violence and decades of war. The author presents the environmental humanities-based methodologies that emerged in the collective process to elaborate the memory of the Mandur. The article also discusses the importance of fostering spaces for bettering conflict and offers reflections about the challenges posed for public engaged scholarship when a post–peace accord transition shifts toward the perpetuation of violence and militarized forms of conservation. Scientific and arts-based practices provided distinct evidentiary and speculative tools for analyzing the current conditions of the watershed and imagining future reparative strategies. The article argues that these methods allowed communities to not only diagnose the problems at hand but also hesitantly ask “What else is possible?” in a context of economic precarity, chronic insecurity, and institutional omission.
Subsuperficial Pectoralis Fascial Placement of Implantable Pulse Generators in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: Technical Note
Authors: Evans Alexander R. , Grossen Audrey A. , Prather Kiana Y. , Conner Andrew K. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
The second stage of deep brain stimulation requires the placement of an implantable pulse generator (IPG). Although the current placement technique achieves acceptable outcomes, device erosion has been reported. We describe a simple surgical option aimed at increasing device longevity by placing the hardware under the superficial pectoralis fascia.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
We describe and illustrate the technique of placing the IPG in the subfascial space in a patient undergoing deep brain stimulation. In addition, we provide pearls and pitfalls to be mindful of when implementing this method.

CONCLUSION:
In this technical report, we have outlined a simple alternative approach to the traditional subcutaneous IPG placement by placing the IPG under the superficial pectoralis fascia. This subfascial approach can potentially reduce complications and preserve device longevity.
Translating non-coding genetic associations into a better understanding of immune-mediated disease
Authors: Stankey Christina T. , Lee James C. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic loci that are associated with immune-mediated diseases. Most disease-associated variants are non-coding, and a large proportion of these variants lie within enhancers. As a result, there is a pressing need to understand how common genetic variation might affect enhancer function and thereby contribute to immune-mediated (and other) diseases. In this Review, we first describe statistical and experimental methods to identify causal genetic variants that modulate gene expression, including statistical fine-mapping and massively parallel reporter assays. We then discuss approaches to characterise the mechanisms by which these variants modulate immune function, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based screens. We highlight examples of studies that, by elucidating the effects of disease variants within enhancers, have provided important insights into immune function and uncovered key pathways of disease.
Impaired episodic-like memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is associated with hyperactivity in prefrontal–hippocampal regions
Authors: Tan Sijie , Tong Wen Han , Vyas Ajai 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder with a long prodromal period. An APPNL-G-F knock-in mouse model is a preclinical model to study incipient pathologies during the early stages of AD. Despite behavioral tests revealing broad cognitive deficits in APPNL-G-F mice, detecting these impairments at the early disease phase has been challenging. In a cognitively demanding task that assessed episodic-like memory, 3-month-old wild-type mice could incidentally form and retrieve ‘what–where–when’ episodic associations of their past encounters. However, 3-month-old APPNL-G-F mice, corresponding to an early disease stage without prominent amyloid plaque pathology, displayed impairment in recalling ‘what–where’ information of past episodes. Episodic-like memory is also sensitive to the effect of age. Eight-month-old wild-type mice failed to retrieve conjunctive ‘what–where–when’ memories. This deficit was also observed in 8-month-old APPNL-G-F mice. c-Fos expression revealed that impaired memory retrieval in APPNL-G-F mice was accompanied by abnormal neuronal hyperactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex and CA1 dorsal hippocampus. These observations can be used for risk stratification during preclinical AD to detect and delay the progression into dementia.
Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Activity in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: VAN RIPER STEPHANIE M. , TEMPEST GAVIN D. , PICCIRILLI AARON , MA QIANHENG , REISS ALLAN L. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which behavioral treatments such as exercise are recommended as part of a multidisciplinary treatment program. Exercise improves executive function in individuals with ADHD, but limited information exists regarding the mechanisms involved in the response. We examined task-evoked brain responses during exercise and seated rest in 38 adolescents (n = 15 ADHD; age, 13.6 ± 1.9; male, 73.3%; n = 23 typically developing (TD; age, 13.3 ± 2.1; male, 56.5%)).

Methods
Participants completed a working memory and inhibitory task while cycling at a moderate intensity for 25 min (i.e., exercise condition) and while seated on the bike without pedaling (i.e., control condition). Conditions were randomized and counterbalanced. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy measured relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in 16 brain regions of interest. Brain activity for each cognitive task and condition was examined using linear mixed-effects models with a false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

Results
The ADHD group had slower response speeds for all tasks and lower response accuracy in the working memory task during exercise compared with the TD group (P < 0.05). For the inhibitory task, the ADHD group had lower brain activity in the inferior/superior parietal gyrus during exercise compared with the control condition, whereas the opposite was true for TD (FDRcorrected, P < 0.05). For the working memory task, higher brain activity during exercise was observed, regardless of group, in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus and the temporoparietal junction (FDRcorrected, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Dual-task performance is challenging for adolescents with ADHD, and exercise may modulate neuronal resources in regions such as the temporoparietal junction and frontal areas known to be hypoactive in this population. Future research should examine how these relationships change over time.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in the Portuguese Population: What Has Changed from 2008 to 2018?
Authors: MAGALHÃES JOÃO P. , HETHERINGTON-RAUTH MEGAN , ROSA GIL B. , CORREIA INÊS R. , PINTO GRAÇA M. , FERREIRA JOSÉ P. , COELHO-E-SILVA MANUEL J. , RAIMUNDO ARMANDO M. , MOTA JORGE , SARDINHA LUÍS B. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Assessment of trends in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) is important for evaluating the effectiveness of national policies and setting goals to improve population PA. This study describes changes in measured PA and ST through motion sensors of the Portuguese population from 2008 to 2018.

Methods
PA and ST were measured with accelerometry from individuals (≥10 yr) participating in the 2008 (n = 4 532) and 2018 (n = 6 369) Portuguese PA Surveillance Systems. Changes were analyzed using generalized linear and logistic models adjusted for accelerometer wear time. A weight factor was applied to all analyses in order to achieve national representativeness of the present results.

Results
In 2018, 15.4%, 71.2%, and 30.6% of Portuguese youth, adults, and older adults met the PA recommendations. Compared with 2008, the percentage meeting the PA guidelines increased in youth females (4.7% vs 7.7%, P < 0.05) and adult males (72.2% vs 79.4%, P < 0.05). A decrease in ST was observed for adult males, whereas ST increased in all youth. Male youth decreased the number of breaks in ST (BST per hour), whereas a favorable increase was found for both adult and older adult males and females.

Conclusions
PA has remained fairly stable between 2008 and 2018 for all groups, except for youth females and adult males. For ST, a favorable decrease was observed for adult males; however, an inverse trend was found in youth. These results are relevant for policy makers to develop health care policies aimed at promoting PA and reducing ST across all age-groups.
Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Influence Concussion Recovery in Collegiate Athletes: Data from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium
Authors: KAY JACOB J. M. , MANGOLD KIERSTEN I. , LAPOINTE ANDREW , MCALLISTER THOMAS W. , ARENT SHAWN M. , MCCREA MICHAEL , BROGLIO STEVEN P. , TORRES-MCGEHEE TONI , MOORE ROBERT D. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The hormonal withdrawal hypothesis suggests that progesterone reduction in women after concussion may lead to greater symptom burden and longer recoveries. Current evidence indicates that hormonal stability after head injury may be an important moderator of postconcussive recovery. Thus, female athletes using hormonal contraceptives (HC) may exhibit better recovery profiles as their hormone levels are artificially stabilized. Our investigation sought to examine the relation between HC use and concussion outcomes in female student-athletes.

Methods
This longitudinal study examined concussion outcomes from female student-athletes participating in the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium Research Initiative, including academic years 2014 to 2020. Eighty-six female collegiate athletes reporting HC use (HC+) were group matched on age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, sport contact level, concussion history, and current injury characteristics (i.e., amnesia, loss of consciousness) to 86 female collegiate athletes reporting no HC use (HC−). All participants had sustained a concussion and completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition Symptom Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory-18, and Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing at preinjury baseline, 24 to 48 h postinjury, and when cleared for unrestricted return to play. To provide an index of recovery trajectory, days between injury and unrestricted return to play were calculated.

Results
Groups did not differ on length of recovery, postconcussion symptoms, psychological health, or cognitive assessments. No differences were observed between groups on any measure when accounting for baseline levels of performance.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that HC use does not influence recovery trajectory, symptoms, or recovery of cognitive function after concussion.
Cross-Lagged Associations between Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Academic Skills in Primary School Children
Authors: HAAPALA EERO A. , WIDLUND ANNA , POIKKEUS ANNA-MAIJA , LIMA RODRIGO ANTUNES , BRAGE SOREN , AUNIO PIRJO , LAKKA TIMO A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Few longitudinal studies have investigated the interwoven longitudinal dynamics between physical activity (PA), motor performance, and academic skills in middle childhood. Therefore, we investigated the cross-lagged associations between PA, motor performance, and academic skills from grade 1 to grade 3 in Finnish primary school children.

Methods
A total of 189 children 6–9 yr old at baseline comprised the study sample. Total PA was assessed using a questionnaire filled out by parents, moderate-to-vigorous PA by combined heart rate and body movement monitor, motor performance by 10 × 5-m shuttle run test, and academic skills by arithmetic fluency and reading comprehension tests in grade 1 and grade 3. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling adjusted for gender, parental education, and household income.

Results
The final model fitted the data very well (χ
2
37 = 68.516, P = 0.0012, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.067, comparative fit index = 0.95, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.89) and explained 91% of variance in the latent academic skills variable, 41% of the variance in the latent PA variable, and 32% of variance in motor performance in grade 3. Better motor performance in grade 1 was associated with higher academic skills in grade 3, but it did not predict PA. PA was not directly or indirectly associated with academic skills. However, higher levels of PA in grade 1 predicted better motor performance in grade 3. Academic skills did not predict PA or motor performance.

Conclusions
These results suggest that better motor performance, but not PA, predicts later academic skills. Academic skills in grade 1 do not contribute to PA or motor performance in the early school years.
Investor Behavior Under Epistemic vs. Aleatory Uncertainty
Authors: Walters Daniel J. , Ülkümen Gülden , Tannenbaum David , Erner Carsten , Fox Craig R. 
Published: March 2023

We provide evidence that investor behavior is sensitive to two dimensions of subjective uncertainty concerning future asset values. Investors vary in the extent to which they attribute market uncertainty to (1) missing knowledge, skill, or information (epistemic uncertainty) and (2) chance or stochastic processes (aleatory uncertainty). Investors who view stock market uncertainty as higher in epistemicness (knowability) are more likely to reduce uncertainty by seeking guidance from experts and are more responsive more responsive to available information when choosing whether to invest. In contrast, investors who view stock market uncertainty as higher in aleatoriness (randomness) are more likely to reduce uncertainty through diversification, and their risk preferences better predict whether they choose to invest. We show, further, that attributions of uncertainty can be perturbed by the format in which historical information is presented: charts displaying absolute stock prices promote perceptions of epistemicness and greater willingness to pay for financial advice, whereas charts displaying the change in stock prices from one period to the next promote perceptions of aleatoriness and a greater tendency to diversify. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant SES-1427469] to C. R. Fox and Gülden Ülkümen. Additional support for this work was provided by INSEAD and UCLA Anderson School of Management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4489 .
Finding the Nondominated Set and Efficient Integer Vectors for a Class of Three-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programs
Authors: Ceyhan Gökhan , Köksalan Murat , Lokman Banu 
Published: March 2023

We consider a class of three-objective mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) where at least one of the objective functions takes only discrete values. These problems commonly occur in MILPs where one or more of the three objective functions contain only integer decision variables. In such problems, the nondominated set consists of the union of nondominated edges and individual nondominated points. The nondominated edges can provide valuable insights on the trade-offs between the two continuous objectives at different levels of the discrete-valued objective. We develop an objective-space search algorithm that keeps partitioning the search space by progressively creating cones in the two-dimensional feasible space of the two continuous objectives for relevant values of the discrete-valued objective. The algorithm generates the nondominated points or edges in the nonincreasing order of the feasible values of the selected discrete-valued objective. Additionally, the algorithm uncovers all efficient integer variable vectors, including different vectors that lead to the same nondominated points or edges. We apply the algorithm to the day-ahead electricity market clearing problem. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization. Supplemental Material: The data files and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4712 .
Incidentally found resectable lung cancer with the usage of artificial intelligence on chest radiographs
Authors: Kwak Se Hyun , Kim Eun-Kyung , Kim Myung Hyun , Lee Eun Hye , Shin Hyun Joo 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Detection of early lung cancer using chest radiograph remains challenging. We aimed to highlight the benefit of using artificial intelligence (AI) in chest radiograph with regard to its role in the unexpected detection of resectable early lung cancer.

Materials and methods
Patients with pathologically proven resectable lung cancer from March 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, we included patients with incidentally detected resectable lung cancer. Because commercially available AI-based lesion detection software was integrated for all chest radiographs in our hospital, we reviewed the clinical process of detecting lung cancer using AI in chest radiographs.

Results
Among the 75 patients with pathologically proven resectable lung cancer, 13 (17.3%) had incidentally discovered lung cancer with a median size of 2.6 cm. Eight patients underwent chest radiograph for the evaluation of extrapulmonary diseases, while five underwent radiograph in preparation of an operation or procedure concerning other body parts. All lesions were detected as nodules by the AI-based software, and the median abnormality score for the nodules was 78%. Eight patients (61.5%) consulted a pulmonologist promptly on the same day when the chest radiograph was taken and before they received the radiologist’s official report. Total and invasive sizes of the part-solid nodules were 2.3–3.3 cm and 0.75–2.2 cm, respectively.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates actual cases of unexpectedly detected resectable early lung cancer using AI-based lesion detection software. Our results suggest that AI is beneficial for incidental detection of early lung cancer in chest radiographs.
Awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of drive-thru community pharmacy services among the general public in Malaysia during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ababneh Bayan F. , Ong Siew Chin , Hussain Rabia 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
There is a lack of attention to drive-thru services in the community pharmacy setting, particularly during the COVID-19 period in Malaysia. The main objective of this study was to assess the public awareness, attitudes, and perceptions towards drive-thru community pharmacy services among during COVID-19 in Malaysia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administrated, web-based survey (Google form) among the public in Malaysia between May and June 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Associations between the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the use of drive-thru community pharmacy services were assessed using a chi-square test. Regression analyses were carried out to determine whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were associated with perceptions towards drive-thru community pharmacy services.

Results
A total of 565 (70.6%) of the general public completed the survey instrument. The median age of study participants was 40.0 (IQR = 36.0) and about half of them were males (50.6%, n = 286). Although 18.6% (n = 105) of the participants reported the presence of DTCPS in their cities, only 9.0% (n = 51) reported having used this service. Most of the participants were supportive to establish drive-thru services at community pharmacies in the country. Most of the believed advantages among participants were that DTCPS are helpful during COVID-19 and quarantine time 48.0% (n = 271) by enhancing social distancing and reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus 48.5% (n = 274). Among sociodemographic factors, non-Malaysian nationality (p<0.001), and age above 55 years (p = 0.01) were found to negatively affect participants’ perceptions towards drive-thru community pharmacy services.

Conclusion
This study showed positive awareness, attitudes, and perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services during COVID-19 in Malaysia among the public. The participants believed that those services were helpful during COVID-19 to enhance social distancing and to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
A Strategic Nature: Public Relations and the Politics of American Environmentalism, Melissa Aronczyk and Maria I. Espinoza (2022)
Authors: Morris Hanna E. 
Published: March 2023

Review of: A Strategic Nature: Public Relations and the Politics of American Environmentalism, Melissa Aronczyk and Maria I. Espinoza (2022)
New York: Oxford University Press, 320 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19005-535-6, p/bk, $27.95