bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, treatment patterns, and disease burden of cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients in selected countries outside of Europe and North America: A systematic review
Authors: Cho Sung‐Yeon , Ar Muhlis Cem , Machado Clarisse M. , Wu Depei , Singh Inderjeet , Sandhu Anudeep , Demuth Dirk , Slavin Monica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) disease impacts morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. This systematic review summarized data on the epidemiology, management, and burden of CMV post‐HCT outside of Europe and North America.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for observational studies and treatment guidelines in HCT recipients across 15 selected countries from Asia‐Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East (search period: 1 January 2011–17 September 2021). Outcomes included incidence of CMV infection/disease, recurrence, risk factors, CMV‐related mortality, treatments, refractory, resistant CMV, and burden.ResultsOf 2708 references identified, 68 were eligible (67 studies and one guideline; 45/67 studies specific to adult allogeneic HCT recipients). The rates of CMV infection and disease within 1 year of allogeneic HCT were 24.9%–61.2% (23 studies) and 2.9%–15.7% (10 studies), respectively. Recurrence occurred in 19.8%–37.9% of cases (11 studies). Up to 10% of HCT recipients died of CMV‐related causes. In all countries, first‐line treatment for CMV infection/disease involved intravenous ganciclovir or valganciclovir. Conventional treatments were associated with serious adverse events such as myelosuppression (10.0%) or neutropenia only (30.0%, 39.8%) and nephrotoxicity (11.0%) (three studies), frequently leading to treatment discontinuation (up to 13.6%). Refractory CMV was reported in 2.9%, 13.0%, and 28.9% of treated patients (three studies) with resistant CMV diagnosed in 0%–10% of recipients (five studies). Patient‐reported outcomes and economic data were scarce.ConclusionThe incidence of CMV infection and disease post‐HCT is high outside of North America and Europe. CMV resistance and toxicity highlight a major unmet need with current conventional treatments.
image
Comparison of radiography and CT for the evaluation of third carpal bone slab fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Dash Rupert F. , Minshall Gaynor J. , Wright Ian M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSlab fractures of the third carpal bone (C3) are a common cause of lameness in Thoroughbred racehorses. Information on fracture morphology is commonly obtained from radiographs or CT. This retrospective, methods comparison aimed to explore the agreement between radiography and CT for imaging C3 slab fractures and discuss the contribution of the latter to clinical case management. Thoroughbred racehorses with a slab or incomplete slab fracture of C3 identified on radiographs that subsequently underwent CT examination were included. Fracture characteristics (location, plane, classification, displacement, comminution) and fracture length as a percentage of the proximodistal length of the bone, termed the proximodistal fracture percentage (PFP) were recorded independently from both modalities and then compared. Across all fractures (n = 82) radiographs and CT showed slight agreement on the presence of comminution (Cohen's Kappa (κ) 0.108,P0.031) and moderate agreement on fracture displacement (K 0.683,P < 0.001). Computed tomography identified comminution in 49 (59.8%) and displacement in nine (11.0%) fractures that were not detected by radiographs. Half of the fractures were only seen on flexed dorsoproximal–dorsodistal oblique (DPr‐DDiO) radiographs and therefore were of unknown length without additional CT imaging. Incomplete fractures that could be measured on radiographs (n = 12) had a median (IQR) PFP of 40% (30%–52%) on radiographs and 53% (38%–59%) on CT, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.026). Radiography and CT showed the poorest agreement when determining the presence of comminution. Additionally, radiography often underestimated the incidence of displacement, and fracture length, and resulted in more fractures being classified as incomplete when compared to CT.
Entropic exercises around the Kneser–Poulsen conjecture
Authors: Aishwarya Gautam , Alam Irfan , Li Dongbin , Myroshnychenko Sergii , Zatarain‐Vera Oscar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe develop an information‐theoretic approach to study the Kneser–Poulsen conjecture in discrete geometry. This leads us to a broad question regarding whether Rényi entropies of independent sums decrease when one of the summands is contracted by a 1‐Lipschitz map. We answer this question affirmatively in various cases.
Maintenance Strategy of a Preheat Train of a Crude Oil Distillation Unit Based on Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis
Authors: Fajardo Juan , Negrette Camilo , Yabrudy Daniel , Barreto Deibys , Cardona Camilo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Established or create new ones to plan the cleaning tasks of the heat exchangers. In this work, a maintenance strategy is developed for a preheating train under the Maintenance Centered on Energy Efficiency (MCEE) methodology, where it is sought to integrate the information of the principles of the second law of thermodynamics with economic variables to use parameters. The modification of the maintenance justification parameter (J) is proposed, adding two new maintenance indicators (W and X). Each one seeks to evaluate an essential criterion for the maintenance area: economic viability, technical feasibility, and benefits, toward the other exchangers in the network after cleaning a specific component. A criticality diagram and a criticality matrix are used. The heat exchangers are grouped into subassemblies, with the leading group consisting of the key heat exchangers (KHEX), the elements of which have a significant impact on the efficiency of the preheat train. For their part, the regions are composed of components whose performance is less considerable than that of the KHEX. In total, 34 maintenance activities will be carried out, distributed among the 25 interchanges of the network. The planning of a program of cleaning activities according to the maintenance strategy based on the methodology of the MCEE establishes a substantial scientific contribution due to the almost null existence of exergetic studies applied to the management of maintenance tasks and focused mainly on the preheating of trains.
Optimization of Dimensions of Smooth and Twisted-Tape-Inserted Tubes for Heat Transfer with NaCl/KCl/MgCl2 Molten Salts by Principle of Entropy Generation Minimization
Authors: Haddad Fouad , Li Peiwen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The entropy generation minimization principle is used as the criterion to optimize the flow and heat transfer of solar collectors and heat exchangers that use molten salts NaCl–KCl–MgCl2 and KCl–MgCl2. The Gnielinski correlation for the Nusselt number versus Reynolds number, as well as the Moody friction factor given by Petukhov, was used for the calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss due to friction in smooth tubes. For twisted-tap-inserted tube, equations of Nu and friction factor provided by Manglik and Bergles were used. The objective function, the entropy generation rate of the heat transfer system, was expressed as the function of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, heating flux, tube diameter, etc. As a result of the analysis, the optimum Reynolds number was determined and thereby to determine the optimum Nusselt number, convective heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and tube diameter, which also allows the calculation of optimum flow velocity. The analysis was conducted in the fluid temperature range of 500–700 °C, which covers the operation temperature for supercritical CO2 power cycles in concentrated solar power (CSP) system. Optimized results from the smooth tube and twisted-tap-inserted tube are compared, which is important to the design of solar receivers for CSP systems.
“Time to Award Some Medals”: A Comparative Social Media Analysis of Olympic Coverage in the United States and Australia
Authors: Slater Kelsey , Antunovic Dunja , Messer Meg S. , Dreher Sam P. 
Published: June 2023

Rights-holding broadcasters of the Olympic Games play an integral role in conveying the values of the Olympic Movement, but few studies have examined these networks’ social media content. This investigation involved a comparative content analysis of rights-holding broadcasters’ official Olympic Twitter accounts in the United States (@NBCOlympics) and Australia (@7Olympics) during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Results indicate significant differences between the two accounts in sport disciplines, gender representations, and national interest. Both accounts dedicated <40% of the tweets to women’s sport. Whereas the American outlet NBC promoted home athletes, Australia’s Seven Network emphasized athletes from other countries. Twitter accounts partially followed the televisual logics of representation patterns, but contextual factors specific to social media structured agenda diversity. Contextual elements (e.g., structure of sport schedules and nation-specific factors) are also relevant when interpreting representation patterns. Theoretical implications for agenda setting and methodological directions for cross-national Olympic social media research are discussed.
The Epidemiology of Domain-Specific Physical Activity in New Zealand Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Gage Ryan , Mizdrak Anja , Richards Justin , Bauman Adrian , Mcleod Melissa , Jones Rhys , Woodward Alistair , Shaw Caroline 
Published: June 2023

Background: Surveillance of domain-specific physical activity (PA) helps to target interventions to promote PA. We examined the sociodemographic correlates of domain-specific PA in New Zealand adults. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 13,887 adults completed the International PA Questionnaire–long form in 2019/20. Three measures of total and domain-specific (leisure, travel, home, and work) PA were calculated: (1) weekly participation, (2) mean weekly metabolic energy equivalent minutes (MET-min), and (3) median weekly MET-min among those who undertook PA. Results were weighted to the New Zealand adult population. Results: The average contribution of domain-specific activity to total PA was 37.5% for work activities (participation = 43.6%; median participating MET-min = 2790), 31.9% for home activities (participation = 82.2%; median participating MET-min = 1185), 19.4% for leisure activities (participation = 64.7%; median participating MET-min = 933), and 11.2% for travel activities (participation = 64.0%; median MET-min among participants = 495). Women accumulated more home PA and less work PA than men. Total PA was higher in middle-aged adults, with diverse patterns by age within domains. Māori accumulated less leisure PA than New Zealand Europeans but higher total PA. Asian groups reported lower PA across all domains. Higher area deprivation was negatively associated with leisure PA. Sociodemographic patterns varied by measure. For example, gender was not associated with total PA participation, but men accumulated higher MET-min when taking part in PA than women. Conclusions: Inequalities in PA varied by domain and sociodemographic group. These results should be used to inform interventions to improve PA.
Sedentary Time and Prescription Medication Use Among US Adults: 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Boyne Ciarra A. , Johnson Tammie M. , Toth Lindsay P. , Richardson M. Ryan , Churilla James R. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Prescription medication usage has been used as a predictor of disease prevalence and overall health status. Evidence suggests an inverse relationship exists between polypharmacy, which is the use of 5 or more medications, and physical activity participation. However, there is limited evidence examining the relationship between sedentary time and polypharmacy in adults. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between sedentary time and polypharmacy in a large nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: Study sample (N = 2879) included nonpregnant adult (≥20 y old) participants from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported minutes per day of sedentary time were converted to hours per day. The dependent variable was polypharmacy (≥5 medications). Results: Analysis revealed that for every hour of sedentary time, there was 4% greater odds of polypharmacy (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.07, P = .04) after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, waist circumference, and the interaction term between race/ethnicity and education. Conclusion: Our findings suggest increased sedentary time is associated with an increased risk of polypharmacy among a large nationally representative sample of US adults.
A new tractable method for generating human alveolar macrophage-like cells
in vitro
to study lung inflammatory processes and diseases
Authors: Pahari Susanta , Arnett Eusondia , Simper Jan , Azad Abul , Guerrero-Arguero Israel , Ye Chengjin , Zhang Hao , Cai Hong , Wang Yufeng , Lai Zhao , Jarvis Natalie , Lumbreras Miranda , Maselli Diego Jose , Peters Jay , Torrelles Jordi B. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Schlesinger Larry S. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are unique lung resident cells that contact airborne pathogens and environmental particulates. The contribution of human AMs (HAMs) to pulmonary diseases remains poorly understood due to the difficulty in accessing them from human donors and their rapid phenotypic change during
in vitro
culture. Thus, there remains an unmet need for cost-effective methods for generating and/or differentiating primary cells into a HAM phenotype, particularly important for translational and clinical studies. We developed cell culture conditions that mimic the lung alveolar environment in humans using lung lipids, that is, Infasurf (calfactant, natural bovine surfactant) and lung-associated cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin 10) that facilitate the conversion of blood-obtained monocytes to an AM-like (AML) phenotype and function in tissue culture. Similar to HAM, AML cells are particularly susceptible to both
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. This study reveals the importance of alveolar space components in the development and maintenance of HAM phenotype and function and provides a readily accessible model to study HAM in infectious and inflammatory disease processes, as well as therapies and vaccines.

IMPORTANCE

Millions die annually from respiratory disorders. Lower respiratory track gas-exchanging alveoli maintain a precarious balance between fighting invaders and minimizing tissue damage. Key players herein are resident AMs. However, there are no easily accessible
in vitro
models of HAMs, presenting a huge scientific challenge. Here, we present a novel model for generating AML cells based on differentiating blood monocytes in a defined lung component cocktail. This model is non-invasive, significantly less costly than performing a bronchoalveolar lavage, yields more AML cells than HAMs per donor, and retains their phenotype in culture. We have applied this model to early studies of
M. tuberculosis
and SARS-CoV-2. This model will significantly advance respiratory biology research.
Ruling out acute coronary syndrome in primary care with a clinical decision rule and a capillary, high-sensitive troponin I point of care test: study protocol of a diagnostic RCT in the Netherlands (POB HELP)
Authors: van den Bulk Simone , Petrus Annelieke H J , Willemsen Robert T A , Boogers Mark J , Meeder Joan G , Rahel Braim M , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , Numans Mattijs E , Dinant Geert-Jan , Bonten Tobias N 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionChest pain is a common reason for consultation in primary care. To rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS), general practitioners (GP) refer 40%–70% of patients with chest pain to the emergency department (ED). Only 10%–20% of those referred, are diagnosed with ACS. A clinical decision rule, including a high-sensitive cardiac troponin-I point-of-care test (hs-cTnI-POCT), may safely rule out ACS in primary care. Being able to safely rule out ACS at the GP level reduces referrals and thereby alleviates the burden on the ED. Moreover, prompt feedback to the patients may reduce anxiety and stress.Methods and analysisThe POB HELP study is a clustered randomised controlled diagnostic trial investigating the (cost-)effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy of a primary care decision rule for acute chest pain, consisting of the Marburg Heart Score combined with a hs-cTnI-POCT (limit of detection 1.6 ng/L, 99th percentile 23 ng/L, cut-off value between negative and positive used in this study 3.8 ng/L). General practices are 2:1 randomised to the intervention group (clinical decision rule) or control group (regular care). In total 1500 patients with acute chest pain are planned to be included by GPs in three regions in The Netherlands. Primary endpoints are the number of hospital referrals and the diagnostic accuracy of the decision rule 24 hours, 6 weeks and 6 months after inclusion.Ethics and disseminationThe medical ethics committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft (the Netherlands) has approved this trial. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participating patients. The results of this trial will be disseminated in one main paper and additional papers on secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses.Trial registration numbersNL9525 andNCT05827237.
Monopoles, vortices and their correlations in SU(3) gauge group
Authors: Karimimanesh N. , Deldar S. , Asmaee Z. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTopological defects such as monopoles, vortices and “chains” of the SU(3) gauge group are studied using its SU(2) subgroups. Two appropriate successive gauge transformations are applied to the subgroups to identify the chains of monopoles and vortices. Using the fact that the defects of the subgroups are not independent, the SU(3) defects and the Lagrangian are studied and compared with the Cho decomposition method obtained for monopoles. By comparing the results with the ones which are obtained directly for the SU(3) gauge group, the relations and the possible interactions between the defects of the subgroups are discussed.
Network Bandwidth Utilization Optimization with Quantum-Inspired Approach
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Hsuan , Chen YiChing , Nien Chin-Fu 
Published: June 2023

As the popularity of mobile devices and services continues to increase, the demand for more efficient and effective algorithms to manage network utility is increased. Here, we aim to optimize Network Bandwidth Utilization (NBU) by managing user equipments (UEs) and base stations (BSs) association in 5G ORAN architecture. We consider the network total throughput as an objective function and try to find the suitable Cell Individual Offset (CIO) to trigger UE handover with the A3 event such that the network throughput is optimal. We formulate this problem into a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem such that we can explore the power of Quantum Annealing (QA), which is a promising approach to finding the optimal solution for the NP-Hard problem. We also analyze the penalty coefficients setting problem which impacts the outcome of QA significantly. We test our QUBO formulation on a dataset of 7 BSs and 150 UEs with Fujitsu’s third generation Digital Annealer (DA3). Using our QUBO formulation with DA3 solver with fine-tuning, we can improve the throughput with 60% hit rate on this dataset.
Current Fertility Knowledge of Senior High School Students, Infertile Patients, and Medical Staff at an Infertility Clinic in Japan
Authors: Akamatsu Satomi , Matsubayashi Hidehiko , Fujii Yuta , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Tomomoto 
Published: June 2023

Background: In a survey on fertility knowledge published in 2013 (Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale [CFKS]), Japan ranked 78th among 79 countries. This finding encouraged the Japanese government to revise the curriculum for sex education in 2015. The present study was conducted to assess the current fertility knowledge of senior high school students, infertile patients, and medical staff at an infertility clinic in Japan. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 899 senior high school students (average age 16.8 years), 461 infertile female patients (36.9 years), and 127 medical staff at our infertility clinic (33.1 years) was performed between July 2020 and January 2021. The questionnaire included 13 items from CFKS and our 12 original items on fertility and infertility treatments. Results: The positive response rates of senior high school students, infertile female patients, and medical staff were 69.4, 86.9, and 86.5% for CFKS, respectively, and were similar for all 25 items. The positive response rate was higher in all three groups than in the surveys conducted in 2013 (36.0%) and 2015 (44.4%) in Japan. Conclusions: Although sex education may have improved these scores, other resources (media and social media) may also be responsible for this increase.
Sexual Dysfunction in Infertile Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Salma Umma , Sultana Nilufar , Rahman Florida , Farhin Kazi Khadeza , Ishrat Shakeela 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age. It is a combination of chronic anovulation, obesity, and hyperandrogenism that may affect sexual function in women of reproductive age. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the sexual dysfunction, its frequency, and predisposing factors in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 infertile women with a definite diagnosis of PCOS. The study duration was 1 year, from August 2019 to August 2020. Data was collected chronologically by interview, physical examination, and laboratory investigations using a structured questionnaire. The presence of hirsutism was assessed using the modified Ferriman–Gallwey (mFG) scoring system. Sexual function was assessed in the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain using the female sexual function index (FSFI). Patients were also assessed for mental health by the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: Sexual dysfunction was present in 65.4% of patients with the domains of orgasm and arousal were particularly affected (92.9% and 90.0%, respectively). In this study, age and BMI had a significant negative correlation ([Formula: see text] = − 0.55 and [Formula: see text] = − 0.42, respectively) with sexual function. Increasing age and BMI resulted in a significant reduction in sexual function ( [Formula: see text] 0.001 each), including all domains. Patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly more likely to suffer from sexual dysfunction than those without these symptoms ([Formula: see text] = 0.041 and [Formula: see text] = 0.001, respectively). Hirsutism, serum testosterone (total) level, and stress were found to have no significant effect on sexual function. Conclusions: Infertile patients with PCOS markedly suffer from sexual dysfunction. Improvement of sexual dysfunction not only improves sexuality and quality of life, but also may improve fertility outcomes in infertile PCOS patients.