bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of China's Participation in the Value Chains of its Trading Partners on the Carbon Embodied in the Bilateral Trade of Forest Products
Authors: Guo Ling , Xiao Liqiang , Wang Wenlan , Shi Xuanmeng , Wu Shuangshuang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To recalibrate the connection between participation in global value chains (GVCs) and carbon embodied in trade is of great importance because it provides significant insights about how China's forest products industry should integrate into GVCs and promotes the reduction of carbon embodied in trade. This paper obtains panel data related to the GVC participation of, and carbon embodied in, the trade between China and 43 of its trading partners from 2000 to 2018, and uses fixed effects and quantile regressions to explore the impact of China's participation in the value chains of its trading partners on the carbon embodied in the trade of forest products from the perspective of bilateral trade. It is found that (1) China's participation in the value chains of its trading partners significantly reduces the carbon embodied in forest product trade, especially that of pollution-intensive products (e.g., paper and its products); (2) China's participation in the value chains of high-income countries reduces the carbon embodied in forest product trade; (3) foreign direct investment (FDI) in trading partners weakly suppresses the carbon embodied in the trade of Chinese forest products; (4) the effect on the carbon embodied in the trade of Chinese forest products is only suppressive when China's degree of participation in the value chain is higher; and (5) China's forward participation in the forest product value chains of its trading partners reduces its overall carbon embodied in trade, while the backward participation has the opposite effect.
A PERCEPÇÃO DA MORAL OITOCENTISTA ATRAVÉS DOS REGISTROS ECLESIÁSTICOS DE ÓBITOS - ELEMENTOS PARA UMA HISTÓRIA CULTURAL DA SAÚDE PÚBLICA EM FEIRA DE SANTANA
Authors: Silva Aldo José Morais 
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Curso de Pós-Graduação Latu-Sensu em Teoria e Metodologia da História - UEFS, objetivando identificar elementos da mentalidade do século XIX, mais especificamente de sua moral, a partir dos registros eclesiásticos de óbitos de 1828 a 1894, existentes no Arquivo da Cúria Diocesana de Feira de Santana. A análise dessa documentação revela-nos o fenômeno da quase inexistência da sífilis em Feira de Santana. Uma estranha “anomalia” no desenvolvimento e incidência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis sobre a população da cidade. Anomalia de gênese social, articulada segundo interesses comuns de todo um corpo social e com um propósito bem definido. Mas além da sífilis, os registros eclesiásticos revelaram também o silêncio em relação aos leprosos. Um silêncio que aguarda ser quebrado para trazer ao presente os sentimentos daquela sociedade que não se atrevia a mencionar a lepra nem mesmo para seus integrantes mais miseráveis.
EM TORNO DO CONCEITO DE REGIÃO
Authors: Martins da Fonseca Antonio Angelo 
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é o de retomar a discussão sobre o conceito de região na Geografia, num contexto onde, ao mesmo tempo em que ocorre o fortalecimento de decisões em escala planetária, paradoxalmente percebe-se o retorno às decisões e estratégias locais e regio- nais, particularmente na Bahia.
Reducing phase errors in multimode interference coupler by side grooves formed on its top surface
Authors: Środa Edyta , Gawlik Andrzej , Olszewski Jacek , Urbańczyk Wacław 
Published: April 2023

The performance of multimode interference (MMI) couplers is limited by the presence of phase errors that represent the deviation of the propagation constants of the modes from the quadratic dependence on their order. In this work, we propose a simple and effective method for reducing the phase errors of spatial modes to a relatively high order by forming rectangular grooves near the side edges of the MMI coupler along its entire length. The influence of the groove dimensions and position on the propagation constants of higher-order modes is analyzed using the perturbation method and strict vector simulations for high- and medium-index contrast material platforms. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the performance of air-cladded dual-mode (TE0 and TE1) MMI-based 50:50 and 100:0 splitters for 1.31 µm wavelength made of medium- and high-contrast materials, TiO2:SiO2/SiO2 and Si/SiO2, respectively.
Near point-of-care HIV viral load testing: Cascade after high viral load in suburban Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Tun Ni Ni , Smithuis Frank , Tun Nyan Lynn , Min Myo , Hlaing Myo Ma Ma , Olmen Josefien van , Lynen Lutgarde , Gils Tinne 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
HIV viral load (VL) testing in resource-limited settings is often centralised, limiting access. In Myanmar, we assessed outcomes according to VL access and the VL cascade (case management after a first high VL result) before and after near point-of-care (POC) VL was introduced.

Methods
Routine programme data from people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were used. We assessed the odds of getting a VL test done by year. Attrition and mortality two years after ART initiation were compared between three groups of PLHIV with different access to VL testing using Kaplan-Meier analysis. We compared VL cascades in those with a first VL result before and after near POC VL testing became available. With logistic regression, predictors of confirmed virological failure after a first high VL in the POC era were explored.

Results
Among 4291 PLHIV who started ART between July 2009 and June 2018, 794 (18.5%) became eligible for VL testing when it was not available, 2388 (55.7%) when centralised laboratory-based VL testing was available, and 1109 (25.8%) when near POC VL testing was available. Between 2010 and 2019, the odds of getting a VL test among those eligible increased with each year (OR: 5.21 [95% CI: 4.95–5.48]). Attrition and mortality were not different in the three groups. When comparing PLHIV with a first VL result before and after implementation of the near POC VL testing, in the latter, more had a first VL test (92% versus 15%, p<0.001), less had a first high VL result (5% versus 14%, p<0.001), and more had confirmed virological failure (67% versus 47%, p = 0.013). Having a first VL ≥5000 copies/mL after near POC implementation was associated with confirmed virological failure (adjusted OR: 2.61 [95% CI: 1.02–6.65]).

Conclusion
Near POC VL testing enabled rapid increase of VL coverage and a well-managed VL cascade in Myanmar.
First-line systemic treatment strategies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: wang Liting , Peng Ye , Qin Shuxia , Wan Xiaomin , Zeng Xiaohui , Li Sini , Liu Qiao , Tan Chongqing 
Published: April 2023

Background
Oral multikinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) but may increase cost. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of oral multikinase inhibitors and ICIs in the first-line treatment of patients with aHCC.

Methods
A three-state Markov model was established to study the cost-effectiveness of drug treatment from the perspective of Chinese payers. The key outcomes in this study were total cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results
The total costs and QALYs of sorafenib, sunitinib, donafenib, lenvatinib, sorafenib plus erlotinib, linifanib, brivanib, sintilimab plus IBI305, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab were $9070 and 0.25, $9362 and 0.78, $33,814 and 0.45, $49,120 and 0.83, $63,064 and 0.81, $74,814 and 0.82, $81,995 and 0.82, $74083 and 0.85, and $104,188 and 0.84, respectively. The drug regimen with the lowest ICER was sunitinib ($551 per QALY), followed by lenvatinib ($68,869 per QALY). For oral multikinase inhibitors, the ICER of lenvatinib, sorafenib plus erlotinib, linifanib and brivanib compared with sunitinib was $779576, $1534,347, $1768,971, and $1963,064, respectively. For ICIs, sintilimab plus IBI305 is more cost effective than atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. The model was most sensitive to the price of sorafenib, the utility of PD, and the price of second-line drugs.

Conclusion
For oral multikinase inhibitors, the order of possible treatment options is sunitinib > lenvatinib > sorafenib plus erlotinib > linifanib > brivanib > donafenib. For ICIs, the order of possible treatment options is sintilimab plus IBI305 > atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.
Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in clinical practice at Thailand’s largest national tertiary referral center: An 11-year retrospective review
Authors: Sudcharoen Asawin , Ruchikajorndech Gahwin , Srisajjakul Sitthipong , Pongpaibul Ananya , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai , Tulyaprawat Orawan , Limsrivilai Julajak 
Published: April 2023

Background
Diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is challenging due to the low diagnostic sensitivity of current methods. This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of ITB at our tertiary referral center, and to explore improved methods of ITB diagnosis.

Methods
This retrospective study included 177 patients diagnosed with ITB at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) during 2009–2020.

Results
The mean age was 49 years, 55.4% were male, and 42.9% were immunocompromised. Most diagnoses (108/177) were made via colonoscopy; 12 patients required more than one colonoscopy. Among those, the sensitivity of tissue acid-fast bacilli (AFB), presence of caseous necrosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and culture was 40.7%, 13.9%, 25.7%, and 53.4%, respectively. Among patients with negative tissue histopathology, 4 (3.7%) and 13 (12.0%) were ITB positive on tissue PCR and culture, respectively. The overall sensitivity when all diagnostic methods were used was 63%. Seventy-six patients had stool tests for mycobacteria. The overall sensitivity of stool tests was 75.0%. However, when analyzing the 31 patients who underwent both endoscopy and stool testing, the sensitivity of stool testing when using tissue biopsy as a reference was 45.8%. Combining stool testing and tissue biopsy did not significantly increase the sensitivity compared to tissue biopsy alone (83.9% vs. 77.4%, respectively).

Conclusion
Despite the availability of PCR and culture for TB, the overall diagnostic sensitivity was found to be low. The sensitivity increased when the tests were used in combination. Repeated colonoscopy may be beneficial. Adding stool mycobacteria tests did not significantly increase the diagnostic yield if endoscopy was performed, but it could be beneficial if endoscopy is unfeasible.
Considerations in implementation of social risk factor screening and referral in maternal and infant care in Washington, DC: A qualitative study
Authors: Brown Jason , Ahmed Naheed , Biel Matthew , Patchen Loral , Rethy Janine , Thomas Angela , Arem Hannah 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe District of Columbia (DC) has striking disparities in maternal and infant outcomes comparing Black to White women and babies. Social determinants of health (SDoH) are widely recognized as a significant contributor to these disparities in health outcomes. Screening for social risk factors and referral for appropriate services is a critical step in addressing social needs and reducing outcome disparities.MethodsWe conducted interviews among employees (n = 18) and patients (n = 9) across three diverse, urban clinics within a healthcare system and one community-based organization involved in a five-year initiative to reduce maternal and infant disparities in DC. Interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to understand current processes and organizational factors that contributed to or impeded delivery of social risk factor screening and referral for indicated needs.ResultsWe found that current processes for social risk factor screening and referral differed between and within clinics depending on the patient population. Key facilitators of successful screening included a supportive organizational culture and adaptability of more patient-centered screening processes. Key barriers to delivery included high patient volume and limited electronic health record capabilities to record results and track the status of internal and community referrals. Areas identified for improvement included additional social risk factor assessment training for new providers, patient-centered approaches to screening, improved tracking processes, and facilitation of connections to social services within clinical settings.ConclusionDespite proliferation of social risk factor screeners and recognition of their importance within health care settings, few studies detail implementation processes for social risk factor screening and referrals. Future studies should test implementation strategies for screening and referral services to address identified barriers to implementation.
Evaluation of the medically necessary, time sensitive triage score during and beyond the local COVID-19 pandemic in the Gynaecologic Oncology Unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa
Authors: Sajo Adekunle Emmanuel , Mouton Arie , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Cathy Visser , van Aardt Matthys Cornelis , Dreyer Greta 
Published: April 2023

Objective
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the Medically Necessary Time Sensitive (MeNTS) scoring system in triaging gynaecologic oncologic surgery during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including 209 patients who either had surgery (151) or surgery postponed (58) between the 26th March and 30th September 2020 in an academic hospital in South Africa. The MeNTS score was used to independently score each patient three times by two observers.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 46.6 ± 15 years and the cumulative mean MeNTS score was 51.0 ± 5.1. Over two-thirds of the cases had surgery. There was no significant difference between the first and second observers’ cumulative scores, 51.0 vs 51.1 (p 0.77). The cumulative score among those who had surgery was significantly lower than that for those whose surgeries were postponed, 49.8 vs 54.1 (p <0.0001). The intra-observer and inter-observer reliability were 0.78 and 0.74 respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, those with low cumulative MeNTS scores were about 5 times more likely to have surgery than those with high scores (Adj. OR = 4.67, 95% CI: 1.92–11.4, p <0.001. Patients with malignant diagnosis were also 5 times more likely to be operated than those with benign diagnosis (Adj. OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 1.73–14.6, p <0.001. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85 suggesting an excellent discriminatory power between those who were operated and those who were postponed.

Conclusion
The study provided some insight into the potential usefulness of MeNTS score in prioritizing patients for surgery in gynaecologic oncologic sub-specialty. The score performed well across a range of gynaecologic conditions and procedures with good intra-observer and inter-observer consistency and reliability. This is a prioritization tool that is dynamically adaptable to accommodate changes in resources availability and operating theatre capacity.
Development and evaluation of the IPLAY program: A protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility study targeting newcomer youth
Authors: Kwan Matthew Y. W. , Kandasamy Sujane , Graham Jeffrey D. , Konopaki Jennifer , Brown Denver M. Y. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Physical Literacy (PL) is a synthesis construct that ties together movement competencies with affective, motivational, and knowledge-based elements. It is considered foundational to the development of physical activity-related outcomes. Many diverse organizations and programs have embraced the concept and are implementing programs targeting each of those core elements. However, research has lagged behind its interest and adoption. Among the more prominent gaps is the design and evaluation of programs that aim to increase PL within special populations such as new immigrants or refugee youth.

Methods
The Immigrant-focused Physical Literacy for Youth (IPLAY) program is a co-developed evidence-informed 8-week PL program designed for new immigrant and refugee youths who have recently settled in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This study aims to use a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach to collect, analyse, and interpret quantitative and qualitative data in the evaluation and iteration of the IPLAY program.

Discussion
PL programs can be used as a tool to build confidence and physical competencies among newcomer youth. Furthermore, academic-community collaborations in the design and delivery of PL programs can help improve the access and interest for PL programs among newcomer youth. These partnerships are critical and timely considering the recent and upcoming waves of immigration to “arrival cities” across Canada.
Infectious complications of radiologically placed upper arm ports: A single center analysis
Authors: Koehler Daniel , Haus Jan-Marcus , Shenas Farzad , Rohde Holger , Ittrich Harald , Adam Gerhard , Peldschus Kersten 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
Infections are common complications in venous access ports. The presented analysis aimed to investigate the incidence, microbiological spectrum, and acquired resistances of pathogens in upper arm port associated infections to provide a decision aid in the choice of therapy.

Materials and methods
In total, 2667 implantations and 608 explantations were performed at a high-volume tertiary medical center between 2015 and 2019. In cases with infectious complications (n = 131, 4.9%), procedural conditions and results of microbiological testing were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
Of 131 port associated infections (median dwell time 103 days, interquartile range 41–260), 49 (37.4%) were port pocket infections (PPI) and 82 (62.6%) were catheter infections (CI). Infectious complications occurred more often after implantation in inpatients compared to outpatients (P < 0.01). PPI were mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, 48.3%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, 31.0%). Other gram-positive and gram-negative species were encountered in 13.8% and 6.9%, respectively. CI were caused less frequently by S. aureus (8.6%) than CoNS (39.7%). Other gram-positive and gram-negative strains were isolated in 8.6% and 31.0%, respectively. Candida species were seen in 12.1% of CI. An acquired antibiotic resistance was detected in 36.0% of all significant isolates, occurring especially in CoNS (68.3%) and gram-negative species (24.0%).

Conclusions
Staphylococci comprised the largest group of pathogens in upper arm port associated infections. However, gram-negative strains and Candida species should also be considered as a cause of infection in CI. Due to the frequent detection of potential biofilm-forming pathogens, port explantation is an important therapeutic measure, especially in severely ill patients. Acquired resistances must be anticipated when choosing an empiric antibiotic treatment.
Histology of metastatic colorectal cancer in a lymph node
Authors: Yokoyama Shozo , Watanabe Takashi , Fujita Yoichi , Matsumura Shuichi , Ueda Katsuya , Nagano Shotaro , Kinoshita Ikuharu , Murakami Daisuke , Tabata Hirotaka , Tsuji Toshiaki , Ozawa Satoru , Tamaki Takuya , Nakatani Yoshihiro , Oka Masami 
Published: April 2023

Background
A primary colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor can contain heterogeneous cancer cells. As clones of cells with different properties metastasize to lymph nodes (LNs), they could show different morphologies. Cancer histologies in LNs of CRC remains to be described.

Methods
Our study enrolled 318 consecutive patients with CRC who underwent primary tumor resection with lymph node dissection between January 2011 and June 2016. 119 (37.4%) patients who had metastatic LNs (mLNs) were finally included in this study. Cancer histologies in LNs were classified and compared with pathologically diagnosed differentiation in the primary lesion. The association between histologies in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognosis in patients with CRC was investigated.

Results
The histologies of the cancer cells in the mLNs were classified into four types: tubular, cribriform, poorly differentiated, and mucinous. Same degree of pathologically diagnosed differentiation in the primary tumor produced various histological types in LNM. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, prognosis was worse in CRC patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma who had at least some mLN also showing cribriform carcinoma than for those whose mLNs all showed tubular carcinoma.

Conclusions
Histology in LNM from CRC might indicate the heterogeneity and malignant phenotype of the disease.
Translation, validation and cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the HIV knowledge questionnaire (HIV-Kq-18)
Authors: Terra Mohamed , Baklola Mohamed , Hasabo Elfatih A. , Shaheen Dina Gamal , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady ,   ARO team of collaborators
Published: April 2023

Background
Although the number of new HIV infections is declining in most regions of the world, the Middle East is one of the regions with a rapidly growing HIV epidemic, with Egypt having the fastest-growing epidemic, with a 76 percent increase in the number of cases. One of the major factors contributing to this trend is the general public’s lack of knowledge about the disease. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 (HIV-KQ-18) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge and has been translated into several languages. This study examined the validity of the Arabic version of the HIV-18-KQ as well as its adaptation among Arab undergraduates.

Methods
The HIV-18-KQ was both forward and back-translated. The translation was reviewed by an expert committee of eight experts. The final version was created and distributed to undergraduates from five Arabic countries: Egypt, Sudan, Yemen, Jordan, and Algeria. The validity of the Arabic version of the HIV-18-KQ was evaluated using internal consistency and construct validity. Internal consistency was tested using the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20), and construct validity was evaluated using an exploratory factor analysis with a polychoric correlation matrix.

Results
The majority of the translated items were easy to understand. The Arabic HIV-18-KQ was deemed culturally appropriate by the expert committee. This study included 1745 university students, including 956 (54.5%) males and 798 (45.5%) females, with 33.4% from Egypt. Based on the acceleration factor approach to interpreting the scree plot in the factor analysis, it was preferable to use only one factor, which is consistent with the original version of HIV-45-KQ. The KR-20 value was 0.73, indicating good internal reliability.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the Arabic version of the HIV-18-KQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing HIV-related knowledge in Arabic-speaking countries.
Cholecystitis: A Rare Presentation for Diffuse Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Seth Nikhil , Tran Phi P. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare disorder of small- to medium-sized vessel vasculitis that can affect a multitude of organ systems. It typically presents as asthma, with 50% of cases having some gastrointestinal involvement, but involvement of the gallbladder is very rare. We present a unique case report of a patient who presented for nonspecific symptoms, ultimately leading to a cholecystectomy, which officially histologically diagnosed them with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.