bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coapplication of water treatment residual and compost for increased phosphorus availability in arable sandy soils
Authors: Gwandu Tariro , Lukashe Noxolo S. , Rurinda Jairos , Stone Wendy , Chivasa Stephen , Clarke Catherine E. , Nezomba Hatirarami , Mtambanengwe Florence , Mapfumo Paul , Steytler Jan G. , Johnson Karen L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSoil degradation coupled with poor access to organic nutrient resources remains a major constraint in increased crop productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa, thus hindering the continent's efforts in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goals 1 (end poverty), 2 (zero hunger) and 3 (improve human health). Water treatment residual (WTR), a by‐product of clean water treatment, has been identified as an alternative organic nutrient resource for crop production. However, there are some inconsistences in soil phosphorus (P) dynamics following aluminium WTR (Al‐WTR) application.Materials & MethodsA laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the P sorption of a sandy soil amended with 10% Al‐WTR, 10% compost (C) as a quasi‐control, 10% C + 10% Al‐WTR (10% coamendment) and 5% C + 5% Al‐WTR (5% coamendment) under varying levels of pH, particle size and P concentration. We calculated crop P fertilizer requirements under different amendments.ResultsThe results demonstrated that all amendments exceeded the minimum of 0.2 mg P L−1 needed in soil solution at equilibrium to maintain plant growth. However, the maximum P sorption capacity was higher for 10% Al‐WTR single amendment, ranging from 770 to 1000 mg P Kg−1, and from 714 to 1000 mg P Kg−1 and 555 to 909 mg P Kg−1 for 10% and 5% coamendments, respectively, across a range of pH and soil particle size fractions. The coamendments showed a reduction in crop P fertilizer requirements by ranges of 30–60% and 60–70% for the 10% and 5% coamendment levels, respectively, across different pH and particle sizes, relative to 10% Al‐WTR.ConclusionResults show that the use of 5% coamendment in sandy soils increases P availability sufficiently to improve crop yields. The results provide scope for using Al‐WTR coamendments to rebuild soil health in sandy soils in urban agriculture and increase macronutrient provision in crops to support human health.
Inside Block Copolymer Micelles—Tracing Interfacial Influences on Crosslinking Efficiency in Nanoscale Confined Spaces
Authors: Höppener Christiane , Elter Johanna K. , Schacher Felix H. , Deckert Volker 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, several studies have demonstrated the excellent capabilities of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopyfor in‐depth investigations of structural properties of matter with unprecedented resolution and chemical specificity. These capabilities are utilized here to study the internal structure of core‐crosslinked micelles, which are formed by self‐assembly of the diblock terpolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(furfuryl glycidylether‐co‐tert‐butylglycidyl ether). Supplementing force–volume atomic force microscopy experiments address additionally the nanomechanical properties. Particularly, TERS enables investigating the underlying principles influencing the homogeneity and efficiency of the Diels–Alder core‐crosslinking process in the confined hydrophobic core. While the central core region is homogenously crosslinked, a breakdown of the crosslinking reaction is observed in the core–corona interfacial region. The results corroborate that a strong crosslinking efficiency is directly correlated to the formation of a mixed zone of the glycidyl ether and PEO corona blocks reaching ≈5 nm into the core region. Concomitantly a strong exclusion of the encapsulated bismaleimide crosslinker from the interfacial region is observed. It is conceivable that a changed structure, chemical composition and altered nanomechanical properties of this interfacial region may also influence the crosslinking efficiency across the entire core region by a modification of the solubility of the crosslinker in the interfacial core‐corona region.
Surface Oxygen Vacancy Inducing Li‐Ion‐Conducting Percolation Network in Composite Solid Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yun Heejun , Cho Jinil , Ryu Seokgyu , Pyo Seonmi , Kim Heebae , Lee Jeewon , Min Byeongyun , Cho Yong Hyun , Seo Harim , Yoo Jeeyoung , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComposite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are newly emerging components for all‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries owing to their excellent processability and compatibility with the electrodes. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the CSEs is one order of magnitude higher than the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) by incorporation of inorganic fillers into SPEs. However, their advancement has come to a standstill owing to unclear Li‐ion conduction mechanism and pathway. Herein, the dominating effect of the oxygen vacancy (Ovac) in the inorganic filler on the ionic conductivity of CSEs is demonstrated via Li‐ion‐conducting percolation network model. Based on density functional theory, indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) are selected as inorganic filler to determine the effect of Ovac on the ionic conductivity of the CSEs. Owing to the fast Li‐ion conduction through the Ovac inducing percolation network on ITO NP–polymer interface, LiFePO4/CSE/Li cells using CSEs exhibit a remarkable capacity in long‐term cycling (154 mAh g−1 at 0.5C after 700 cycles). Moreover, by modifying the Ovac concentration of ITO NPs via UV‐ozone oxygen‐vacancy modification, the ionic conductivity dependence of the CSEs on the surface Ovac from the inorganic filler is directly verified.
Recent Advances in Functional Nanomaterials for Catalytic Generation of Nitric Oxide: A Mini Review
Authors: Wang Chengyan , Tian Gan , Yu Xin , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a gaseous second messenger, nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in a series of signal pathways. Research on the NO regulation for various disease treatments has aroused wide concern. However, the lack of accurate, controllable, and persistent release of NO has significantly limited the application of NO therapy. Profiting from the booming development of advanced nanotechnology, a mass of nanomaterials with the properties of controllable release have been developed to seek new and effective NO nano‐delivery approaches. Nano‐delivery systems that generate NO through catalytic reactions exhibit unique superiority in terms of precise and persistent release of NO. Although certain achievements have been made in the catalytically active NO delivery nanomaterials, some basic but critical issues, such as the concept of design, are of low attention. Herein, an overview of the generation of NO through catalytic reactions and the design principles of related nanomaterials are summarized. Then, the nanomaterials that generate NO through catalytic reactions are classified. Finally, the bottlenecks and perspectives are also discussed in depth for the future development of catalytical NO generation nanomaterials.
Single‐Atom Phosphorus Defects Decorated CoP Cocatalyst Boosts Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Performance of Cd0.5Zn0.5S by Directed Separating the Photogenerated Carriers
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Lutao , Du Ming , Cui Yan , Li Yonghua , Yan Wei , Huang Huajie , Li Xing'ao , Zhu Xinbao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesign and preparation of an efficient and nonprecious cocatalysts, with structural features and functionality necessary for improving photocatalytic performance of semiconductors, remain a formidable challenge until now. Herein, for the first time, a novel CoP cocatalyst with single‐atom phosphorus vacancies defects (CoP‐Vp) is synthesized and coupled with Cd0.5Zn0.5S to build CoP‐Vp@Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CoP‐Vp@CZS) heterojunctions photocatalysts via a liquid phase corrosion method following by an in suit growth process. The nanohybrids deliver an attractive photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of 2.05 mmol h−1 30 mg−1 under visible‐light irradiation, which is 14.66 times higher than that of the pristine ZCS samples. As expected, CoP‐Vp further enhances the charge‐separation efficiency of ZCS, in addition to the improvement of the electron transfer efficiency, which is confirmed by the ultrafast spectroscopies. Mechanism studies based on density functional theory calculations verify that Co atoms adjacent with single‐atom Vp play the key role in translation, rotation, and transformation of electrons for H2O reduction. This scalable strategy focusing defect engineering provides a new insight into designing the highly active cocatalysts to boost the photocatalytic application.
A method for quantification of human transporter proteins by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hou Zhe , Zhang Lei , Guo Xuan , Li Hui , Li Xiaodong , Dong Jing , Zhang Guangqin , Liu Dongyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify nine important transporter proteins, so as to support the quantification of transporter proteins abundance in different human tissues and organs. Quantification was performed by targeted proteomics in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. All the correlation coefficients (r) were larger than 0.99 and the validation ranges of multidrug‐resistant transporter 1, breast cancer resistance protein, organic cation transporter 2, and organic anion transporter 1 were 0.036–3.636 nM, organic anion transporter 3 was 0.018–1.818 nM, organic anion transporting polypeptide transporter 1B1 and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 were 0.091–9.091 nM, organic anion transporting polypeptide transporter 1B3 and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 2K were 0.182–18.182 nM. The results of intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy and precision were all in line with the quantification requirements of biological samples and the stability results indicated that the samples were stable under current processing and storage conditions. The method is sensitive and efficient for the quantification of nine transporters in human tissues.
A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges of Aluminum Anode and Electrolyte in Aluminum‐Air Batteries
Authors: Nayem S. M. Abu , Islam Santa , Mohamed Mostafa , Shaheen Shah Syed , Ahammad A. J. Saleh , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAluminum‐air batteries (AABs) are regarded as attractive candidates for usage as an electric vehicle power source due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh kg−1), which is considerably higher than that of lithium‐ion batteries. However, AABs have several issues with commercial applications. In this review, we outline the difficulties and most recent developments in AABs technology, including electrolytes and aluminum anodes, as well as their mechanistic understanding. First, the impact of the Al anode and alloying on battery performance is discussed. Then we focus on the impact of electrolytes on battery performances. The possibility of enhancing electrochemical performances by adding inhibitors to electrolytes is also investigated. Additionally, the use of aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes in AABs is also discussed. Finally, the challenges and potential future research areas for the advancement of AABs are suggested.
Multiple infliximab biosimilar switches appear to be safe and effective in a real‐world inflammatory bowel disease cohort
Authors: Gros Beatriz , Plevris Nikolas , Constantine‐Cooke Nathan , Lyons Mathew , O'Hare Claire , Noble Colin , Arnott Ian D. , Jones Gareth‐Rhys , Lees Charlie W. , Derikx Lauranne A. A. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSwitching from originator infliximab (IFX) to biosimilar IFX is effective and safe. However, data on multiple switching are scarce. The Edinburgh inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit has undertaken three switch programmes: (1) Remicade to CT‐P13 (2016), (2) CT‐P13 to SB2 (2020), and (3) SB2 to CT‐P13 (2021).ObjectiveThe primary endpoint of this study was to assess CT‐P13 persistence following switch from SB2. Secondary endpoints included persistence stratified by the number of biosimilar switches (single, double and triple), effectiveness and safety.MethodsWe performed a prospective, observational, cohort study. All adult IBD patients on IFX biosimilar SB2 underwent an elective switch to CT‐P13. Patients were reviewed in a virtual biologic clinic with protocol driven collection of clinical disease activity, C‐reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), IFX trough/antibody levels, and drug survival.Results297 patients (CD n = 196 [66%], ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease unclassified n = 101, [34%]) were switched (followed‐up: 7.5 months [6.8–8.1]). This was the third, second and first IFX switch for 67/297 (22.5%), 138/297 (46.5%) and 92/297 (31%) of the cohort respectively. 90.6% of patients remained on IFX during follow‐up. The number of switches was not independently associated with IFX persistence after adjusting for confounders. Clinical (p = 0.77), biochemical (CRP ≤5 mg/ml; p = 0.75) and faecal biomarker (FC<250 µg/g; p = 0.63) remission were comparable at baseline, week 12 and week 24.ConclusionMultiple successive switches from IFX originator to biosimilars are effective and safe in patients with IBD, irrespective of the number of IFX switches.
Sampling constrained continuous probability distributions: A review
Authors: Lan Shiwei , Kang Lulu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe problem of sampling constrained continuous distributions has frequently appeared in many machine/statistical learning models. Many Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods have been adapted to handle different types of constraints on random variables. Among these methods, Hamilton Monte Carlo (HMC) and the related approaches have shown significant advantages in terms of computational efficiency compared with other counterparts. In this article, we first review HMC and some extended sampling methods, and then we concretely explain three constrained HMC‐based sampling methods, reflection, reformulation, and spherical HMC. For illustration, we apply these methods to solve three well‐known constrained sampling problems, truncated multivariate normal distributions, Bayesian regularized regression, and nonparametric density estimation. In this review, we also connect constrained sampling with another similar problem in the statistical design of experiments with constrained design space.This article is categorized under:
Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Sampling
Detection and quantification of heavy metals in blood and milk of Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) (Cetartiodactyla: Iniidae) using wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Silva Cláudia Cândida , da Cruz de Oliveira Gabriel , do Amaral Carvalho Hugo Rafael , da Silva Vera Maria Ferreira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRiver dolphins of the genus Inia are among the most endangered cetacean species in the world. However, information on the elemental constitution of the blood and milk of these species is still quite scarce. This study aims to evaluate the wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) spectrometry to detect and quantify heavy metals in blood and milk samples of a free‐ranging female Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) from Central Amazon, Brazil. The WD‐XRF method detected and quantified 14 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu) in the samples analyzed, in which 13 elements were in the blood and 14 were in the milk. The WD‐XRF method did not detect some heavy metals, including those already described for the Amazon river dolphin milk (e.g., mercury) detected by other analytical methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). However, it is possible that the samples analyzed may come from a non‐contaminated individual. Therefore, the joint use of different analytical methods is recommended for future analyses. In addition, both blood and milk samples presented high concentrations of some metals, and the health risks of botos are discussed. This result demonstrates that the WD‐XRF method is a viable analytical procedure for detecting certain elements and quantifying their concentrations in liquid biological samples of Amazonian cetaceans.
Postbuckling behavior of functionally graded porous toroidal shell segments with surrounding elastic media subjected to combined mechanical loads
Authors: Nhu Trang Le Thi , Tung Hoang Van 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBuckling and postbuckling behavior of toroidal shell segment (TSS) made of functionally graded porous material (FGPM), exposed to a thermal environment, surrounded by an elastic medium and subjected to combined action of axial compression and lateral pressure are investigated in this paper. Material constituents are varied across the thickness according to power‐law functions, while porosities are distributed in the TSS in the form of cosine functions of thickness variable. Governing equations in terms of deflection and stress function are derived based on classical shell theory taking into account geometrical nonlinearity and interactive pressure from surrounding elastic media. Multi‐term analytical solutions are assumed for simply supported TSSs and Galerkin method is used to obtain nonlinear load–deflection relations from which buckling loads can be derived. Parametric studies are carried out to access the influences of material and geometry properties, porosity coefficient and distributions, preexisting loading conditions, thermal environments and surrounding elastic media on the buckling resistance and postbuckling load carrying capabilities of FGPM TSSs.
Bootstrapping the effect of the twist operator in symmetric orbifold CFTs
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the 2D symmetric orbifold CFT of two copies of free bosons. The twist operator can join the two separated copies in the untwisted sector into a joined copy in the twisted sector. Starting with a state with any number of quanta in the untwisted sector, the state in the twisted sector obtained by the action of the twist operator can be computed by using the covering map method. We develop a new method to compute the effect of a twist operator by using the Bogoliubov ansatz and conformal symmetry. This may lead to more efficient tools to compute correlation functions involving twist operators.
Exploring macroinvertebrate biodiversity in the dynamic southern Balkan stream network of the Vjosa using preservative-based DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Brasseur Marie V. , Martini Jan , Wilfling Olivia , Wüthrich Remo , Birnstiel Emil , Oester Rebecca , Zizka Vera M. A. , Singer Gabriel , Leese Florian , Vitecek Simon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReliable biodiversity data are crucial for environmental research and management. Unfortunately, data paucity prevails for many regions and organismal groups such as aquatic invertebrates. High-throughput DNA-based identification, in particular DNA metabarcoding, has accelerated biodiversity data generation. However, in the process of metabarcoding, specimens are usually destroyed, precluding later specimen-based analyses. Metabarcoding of DNA released into the preservative ethanol has been proposed as a non-destructive alternative, but proof-of-principle studies have yielded ambiguous results, reporting variance in detection probability for various taxa and methodological biases. In this study, we tested the performance of preservative-based metabarcoding of aquatic invertebrates in comparison to a standard morpho-taxonomic assessment based on samples from one of Europe’s last free-flowing rivers, the Vjosa. Multi-habitat samples were collected at 43 sites in two seasons and stored in ethanol, after fixation in formaldehyde for morpho-taxonomic analyses. Preservative-based DNA metabarcoding detected three times more taxa but failed to detect other taxa found using the standard method. In addition to incomplete reference data and primer bias that likely precluded the detection of specific taxa, preservative-based DNA metabarcoding cannot provide accurate abundance estimates. However, the metabarcoding data revealed distinct small-scale and large-scale community patterns in the Vjosa river network, which were also recovered by quantitative data of the standard approach. Overall, our results indicate that preservative-based metabarcoding provides important biodiversity data, which could be further improved by quantitative validation. The method is robust and reliable, even though samples were taken under harsh field-conditions and stored without cooling. Further, our results emphasise the need for reliable DNA barcoding reference libraries. Building those may be supported by preservative-based metabarcoding that maintains intact vouchers for subsequent specimen-based analyses.
Riesz Transform for a Flow Laplacian on Homogeneous Trees
Authors: Levi Matteo , Martini Alessio , Santagati Federico , Tabacco Anita , Vallarino Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe prove the $$L^p$$

L
p

-boundedness, for $$p \in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

, of the first order Riesz transform associated to the flow Laplacian on a homogeneous tree with the canonical flow measure. This result was previously proved to hold for $$p \in (1,2]$$

p
∈
(
1
,
2
]

by Hebisch and Steger, but their approach does not extend to $$p>2$$

p
>
2

as we make clear by proving a negative endpoint result for $$p = \infty $$

p
=
∞

for such operator. We also consider a class of “horizontal Riesz transforms” corresponding to differentiation along horocycles, which inherit all the boundedness properties of the Riesz transform associated to the flow Laplacian, but for which we are also able to prove a weak type (1, 1) bound for the adjoint operators, in the spirit of the work by Gaudry and Sjögren in the continuous setting. The homogeneous tree with the canonical flow measure is a model case of a measure-metric space which is nondoubling, of exponential growth, does not satisfy the Cheeger isoperimetric inequality, and where the Laplacian does not have spectral gap.