bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various topological phases and their abnormal effects of topological acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Chen Yan‐Feng , Chen Ze‐Guo , Ge Hao , He Cheng , Li Xin , Lu Ming‐Hui , Sun Xiao‐Chen , Yu Si‐Yuan , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe last 20 years have witnessed growing impacts of the topological concept on the branches of physics, including materials, electronics, photonics, and acoustics. Topology describes objects with some global invariant property under continuous deformation, which in mathematics could date back to the 17th century and mature in the 20th century. In physics, it successfully underpinned the physics of the Quantum Hall effect in 1984. To date, topology has been extensively applied to describe topological phases in acoustic metamaterials. As artificial structures, acoustic metamaterials could be well theoretically analyzed, on‐demand designed, and easily fabricated by modern techniques, such as three‐dimensional printing. Some new theoretical topological models were first discovered in acoustic metamaterials analogous to electronic counterparts, associated with novel effects for acoustics closer to applications. In this review, we focused on the concept of topology and its realization in airborne acoustic crystals, solid elastic phononic crystals, and surface acoustic wave systems. We also introduced emerging concepts of non‐Hermitian, higher‐order, and Floquet topological insulators in acoustics. It has been shown that the topology theory has such a powerful generality that among the disciplines from electron to photon and phonon, from electronic to photonics and acoustics, from acoustic topological theory to acoustic devices, could interact and be analogous to fertilize fantastic new ideas and prototype devices, which might find applications in acoustic engineering and noise‐vibration control engineering in the near future.
Magnetic skyrmions: Basic properties and potential applications
Authors: Li Sheng , Wang Xuewen , Rasing Theo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are particle‐like topological magnetic textures that are potential information carriers in future spintronics. An enormous body of research confirms their existence in a broad range of magnetic materials since their first discovery in 2009. To date, magnetic skyrmions can not only be found in asymmetric systems but also in centrosymmetric ones. Notably, engineered magnetic multilayers are promising structures for skyrmion‐based spintronics because they can stabilize small‐sized skyrmions at room temperature and facilitate their electric manipulation. In this overview, we introduce the topological nature, their special properties, and nucleation methods of skyrmions, and show their potential for applications. Perspectives on skyrmionic devices and developments toward other, more three‐dimensional particle‐like magnetic nanostructures, are discussed at the end.
Cardiovascular morbidity following conventional therapy versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after childhood, adolescent, and young adult leukemia in Finland
Authors: Kero Andreina E. , Taskinen Mervi , Volin Liisa , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Itälä‐Remes Maija , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) represents a therapeutic choice for high‐risk and relapsed leukemia at a young age. In this retrospective population‐based study, we evaluated cardiovascular complications after aHSCT (N = 272) vs conventional therapy (N = 1098) among patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic or acute myeloid leukemia below 35 years between 1985 and 2004. Additionally, siblings from a prior comparison group served as population controls (N = 39 217). Childhood leukemia and aHSCT was associated with a 16‐fold HR for developing arterial hypertension (HR 16.8, 95%CI 1.5‐185.5) compared with conventional therapy. A 2‐fold HR for any cardiovascular complication was observed after AYA leukemia and aHSCT vs conventional treatment (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4‐5.1). After AYA leukemia and aHSCT, the HR of cardiac arrhythmia was significantly elevated vs conventional therapy (HR 14.4, 95% CI 1.5‐125.2). Moreover, after aHSCT in childhood, elevated hazard ratios (HRs) were found for cardiomyopathy/ cardiac insufficiency (HR 105.0, 95% CI 10.0‐1100.0), cardiac arrhythmia, and arterial hypertension (HR 20.1, 95%CI 2.5‐159.7 and HR 20.0, 95%CI 4.1‐97.4) compared with healthy controls. After adolescent and young adult (AYA) leukemia and aHSCT, markedly increased HRs were observed for cardiac arrhythmia (HR 29.2, 95%CI 6.6‐129.2), brain vascular thrombosis/ atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy/cardiac insufficiency (HR 23.4, 95%CI 7.1‐77.4 and HR 19.2, 95%CI 1.5‐245.2) compared with healthy controls. As the cumulative incidence for cardiovascular complications rose during the follow‐up of childhood and AYA leukemia patients, long‐term cardiovascular surveillance is warranted to optimize the quality of life after childhood and AYA leukemia following both conventional treatment and aHSCT.
Establishment of predictive models for acute complicated appendicitis during pregnancy—A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Zhuo , Weng Shanshan , Nie Hu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a scoring system based on clinical and imaging features to distinguish complicated appendicitis (CA) from uncomplicated appendicitis (UCA) during pregnancy.MethodThis was a retrospective case–control study. Patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis during pregnancy were included, and they were divided into a CA group and a UCA group based on the intraoperative findings and the biopsy results. Multivariate logistic regression and machine learning were employed to establish a predictive model.ResultsA total of 342 patients were included in this study. Among them, 141 (41.23%) patients were diagnosed with CA. The predictive model contained six indices, including symptom duration time more than 24 h, fever, heart rate at least 98 beats/minute, monocyte count at least 0.72 × 109/L, lymphocyte count at least 1 × 109/L and direct bilirubin at least 4.75 μmol/L. The total score was 31 points, and a score of more than 15.5 points predicted the development of CA during pregnancy with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.84) and specificity of 0.84. A decision flow chart for distinguishing CA from UCA during pregnancy was developed by Decision Tree with an AUC of 0.78.ConclusionThe models combining clinical findings and laboratory tests, developed by two methods, can distinguish CA from UCA in pregnancy in a convenient and visualized way.Trial RegistrationThe research has been registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on January 7, 2022 with registration ID ChiCTR2200055339.
The use of the double uterine segment tourniquet in obstetric hysterectomy for bleeding control in patients with placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Reyther Roberto Arturo Castillo , Kway Venance Basil , Huerta Manuel Mendoza , Labastida Salvador De La Maza , Cruz Ellian Yeritza Trujillo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate surgical outcomes of using a double uterine segment tourniquet in obstetric hysterectomy for bleeding control in patients with placenta accreta spectrum.MethodsRetrospective case–control study conducted at the Central Hospital of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Patients with the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum who underwent obstetric hysterectomy were included. Two groups were formed: in the first, a double uterine segment tourniquet was used; and in the second, the hysterectomy was performed without a tourniquet. Primary surgical outcomes were compared.ResultsForty patients in each group were included. The use of a double uterine segment tourniquet had lower total blood loss compared with the non‐tourniquet group (1054.00 ± 467.02 vs. 1528.75 ± 347.12 mL, P = 0.0171) and a lower drop in hemoglobin (1.74 ± 1.10 vs. 2.60 ± 1.25 mg/dL, P = 0.0486). Ten patients (23.80%) in the double tourniquet group required blood transfusion, compared with 26 (65.00%) in the non‐tourniquet group (P = 0.0003). Surgical time did not show a statistical difference between groups.ConclusionThe use of a uterine segment tourniquet in obstetric hysterectomy may improve surgical outcomes in patients with placenta accreta spectrum with no difference in surgical time and urinary tract lesions.
Institutional capability, cooperation level and irrigation water order: Empirical analysis based on survey data from the Yellow River area
Authors: Wang Bo , Wan Jingjing , Zhu Yuchun , Chen Yahui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVillage rules and customs, reciprocal trust and favour and mobilization ability are the main factors affecting governance ability in rural public affairs. Based on microsurvey data from 979 irrigating farmers from the Yellow River area in China, the effects of three types of village institutional capacity factors (knowledge resources, relational resources and mobilization capacity) on the irrigation behaviour and the irrigation water order of village farmland were analysed. The results indicate that these factors would reduce villagers' water‐stealing behaviour and water‐use disputes during the irrigation process, strengthen water‐use satisfaction of the villagers and ultimately improve the order of farmland‐irrigation water in the whole village. The level of cooperation within irrigation organizations has a moderating effect on this process, and higher levels of cooperation lead to a greater positive impact of these institutional capacity factors on villagers' water‐use behaviour.
On the chromatic number of some generalized Kneser graphs
Authors: D'haeseleer Jozefien , Metsch Klaus , Werner Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe determine the chromatic number of the Kneser graph of flags of vectorial type of a rank 7 vector space over the finite field for large and describe the colorings that attain the bound. This result relies heavily, not only on the independence number, but also on the structure of alllargeindependent sets. Furthermore, our proof is more general in the following sense: it provides the chromatic number of the Kneser graphs of flags of vectorial type of a rank vector space over for large as long as thelargeindependent sets of the graphs are only the ones that are known.
Poorly drained depressions can be hotspots of nutrient leaching from agricultural soils
Authors: Hall Steven J. , Tenesaca Carlos G. , Lawrence Nathaniel C. , Green David I. S. , Helmers Matthew J. , Crumpton William G. , Heaton Emily A. , VanLoocke Andy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMuch of the US Corn Belt has been drained with subsurface tile to improve crop production, yet poorly drained depressions often still flood intermittently, suppressing crop growth. Impacts of depressions on field‐scale nutrient leaching are unclear. Poor drainage might promote denitrification and physicochemical retention of phosphorus (P), but ample availability of water and nutrients might exacerbate nutrient leaching from cropped depressions. We monitored nitrate, ammonium, and reactive P leaching across multiple depression‐to‐upland transects in north‐central Iowa, using resin lysimeters buried and retrieved on an annual basis. Crops included conventional corn/soybean (Zea mays/Glycine max) rotations measured at fields with and without a winter rye (Secale cereale) cover crop, as well as juvenile miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), a perennial grass. Leaching of nitrogen (N) and P was greater in depressions than in uplands for most transects and years. The median difference in nutrient leaching between paired depressions and uplands was 56 kg N ha−1 year−1 for nitrate (p = 0.0008), 0.6 kg N ha−1 year−1 for ammonium (p = 0.03), and 2.4 kg P ha−1 year−1 for reactive P (p = 0.006). Transects managed with a cover crop or miscanthus tended to have a smaller median difference in nitrate (but not ammonium or P) leaching between depressions and uplands. Cropped depressions may be disproportionate sources of N and P to downstream waters despite their generally poor drainage characteristics, and targeted management with cover crops or perennials might partially mitigate these impacts for N, but not necessarily for P.
Potential Antihuman Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Target Therapy Beneficiaries: The Role of MRI‐Based Radiomics in Distinguishing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2‐Low Status of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bian Xiaoqian , Du Siyao , Yue Zhibin , Gao Si , Zhao Ruimeng , Huang Guoliang , Guo Liangcun , Peng Can , Zhang Lina 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMultiparametric MRI radiomics could distinguish human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive from HER2‐negative breast cancers. However, its value for further distinguishing HER2‐low from HER2‐negative breast cancers has not been investigated.PurposeTo investigate whether multiparametric MRI‐based radiomics can distinguish HER2‐positive from HER2‐negative breast cancers (task 1) and HER2‐low from HER2‐negative breast cancers (task 2).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTask 1: 310 operable breast cancer patients from center 1 (97 HER2‐positive and 213 HER2‐negative); task 2: 213 HER2‐negative patients (108 HER2‐low and 105 HER2‐zero); 59 patients from center 2 (16 HER2‐positive, 27 HER2‐low and 16 HER2‐zero) for external validation.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced imaging (T1CE), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).AssessmentPatients in center 1 were assigned to a training and internal validation cohort at a 2:1 ratio. Intratumoral and peritumoral features were extracted from T1CE and ADC. After dimensionality reduction, the radiomics signatures (RS) of two tasks were developed using features from T1CE (RS‐T1CE), ADC (RS‐ADC) alone and T1CE + ADC combination (RS‐Com).Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U tests, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsFor task 1, RS‐ADC yielded higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the training, internal, and external validation of 0.767/0.725/0.746 than RS‐T1CE (AUC = 0.733/0.674/0.641). For task 2, RS‐T1CE yielded higher AUC of 0.765/0.755/0.678 than RS‐ADC (AUC = 0.706/0.608/0.630). For both of task 1 and task 2, RS‐Com achieved the best performance with AUC of 0.793/0.778/0.760 and 0.820/0.776/0.711, respectively, and obtained higher clinical benefit in DCA compared with RS‐T1CE and RS‐ADC. The calibration curves of all RS demonstrated a good fitness.Data ConclusionMultiparametric MRI radiomics could noninvasively and robustly distinguish HER2‐positive from HER2‐negative breast cancers and further distinguish HER2‐low from HER2‐negative breast cancers.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Disentangling the common genetic architecture and causality of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus with COVID‐19 outcomes: Genome‐wide cross trait analysis and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yao Minhao , Huang Xin , Guo Yunshan , Zhao Jie V. , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) may cause a dysregulation of the immune system and has complex relationships with multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, little is known about their common genetic architecture. Using the latest data from COVID‐19 host genetics consortium and consortia on RA and SLE, we conducted a genome‐wide cross‐trait analysis to examine the shared genetic etiology between COVID‐19 and RA/SLE and evaluated their causal associations using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). The cross‐trait meta‐analysis identified 23, 28, and 10 shared genetic loci for severe COVID‐19, COVID‐19 hospitalization, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with RA, and 14, 17, and 7 shared loci with SLE, respectively. Co‐localization analysis identified five causal variants in TYK2, IKZF3, PSORS1C1, and COG6 for COVID‐19 with RA, and four in CRHR1, FUT2, and NXPE3 for COVID‐19 with SLE, involved in immune function, angiogenesis and coagulation. Bidirectional MR analysis suggested RA is associated with a higher risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization, and COVID‐19 is not related to RA or SLE. Our novel findings improved the understanding of the genetic etiology shared by COVID‐19, RA and SLE, and suggested an increased risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization in people with higher genetic liability to RA.
Spatiotemporal variations of 100 m wind in Mongolia and implications for wind energy resources
Authors: Hong Seong‐Ho , Lkhamjav Jambajamts , Jin Han‐Gyul , Baik Jong‐Jin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMongolia is a high‐altitude inland country, which experiences strong near‐surface winds that could be valuable resources for wind power generation. In this study, we examine the spatiotemporal variations of 100 m wind and assess wind energy potential in Mongolia using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) data during 1979–2020. Mongolia exhibits two peaks in the monthly variation of 100 m wind, the higher peak in April and the lower peak in November. The eastern and southern (ES) region of the country is characterized by relatively high wind speed, night‐time diurnal maximum of wind speed and relatively small amplitudes of monthly and diurnal variations of wind speed. This region is classified to have good potential for wind energy development with a long mean episode length. On the other hand, the western and northern (WN) region is characterized by relatively low wind speed, afternoon diurnal maximum of wind speed and relatively large amplitudes of monthly and diurnal variations of wind speed. This region is classified to have less wind energy potential. Four hotspots which have the greatest wind energy potential are found near the eastern border of Mongolia, south of the Gobi‐Altai Mountains, near the southern border of Mongolia and in the southern region. Two principal modes of spatiotemporal variations of 100 m wind speed are obtained using the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis method. The first CSEOF mode shows a spatial contrast between western and eastern Mongolia and is positively amplified in winter and negatively amplified in summer, which is associated with the seasonal change of the East Asian monsoon. The second mode is amplified in spring and autumn and shows mountain–basin contrasts that are reversed diurnally, which may be associated with the mountain–plains solenoid circulations and resultant vertical mixing of momentum.
Long‐term change of summer mean and extreme precipitations in Korea and East Asia
Authors: Do Hyeon‐Seok , Kim Joowan , Cha Eun‐Jeong , Chang Eun‐Chul , Son Seok‐Woo , Lee Gyuwon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe change of the precipitation characteristics over South Korea is investigated using long‐term (60 years) hourly precipitation records from surface stations focusing on extended summer (June–September) and rainy season (Changma). The precipitation characteristics including extreme events (>30 mm·h−1 or >100 mm·day−1) are also compared for the past (1961–1990) and recent (1991–2020) climatology. The amount of summer precipitation shows a notable increase over South Korea (2.6 mm·day−1·century−1) during the last 60 years (1961–2020) although it is smaller than recent 48‐year trend measured in North Korea (9.7 mm·day−1·century−1). Precipitation amounts are significantly increased than past climatology particularly in 70–100 and 200 mm·day−1 intensity ranges. The frequency of extreme precipitation also exhibits an increasing trend (1.0 frequency·century−1) during the last 60 years over South Korea. The frequency of extreme precipitation has been doubled in the recent climatology compared to the past climatology. Daily precipitations in top 1 percentile present clear increasing trends during the extended summer and Changma season in South Korea. Further investigation using gridded precipitation reveals that the similar mean and extreme precipitation increases are observed over the wider regions in East Asia, including central China and southern Japan. This result implies that the long‐term precipitation change over South Korea is related to a large‐scale circulation change in the East Asian summer monsoon.
Self‐assembled trehalose amphiphiles as molecular gels: A unique formulation to wax‐free cosmetics
Authors: Tsupko Polina , Sagiri Sai Sateesh , Samateh Malick , Satapathy Sitakanta , John George 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTrehalose has been used as an emollient and antioxidant in cosmetics. We aimed to explore trehalose amphiphiles as oil structuring agents for the preparation of gel‐based lip balms as part of wax‐free cosmetics. This article describes the synthesis of trehalose fatty acyl amphiphiles and their corresponding oleogel‐based lip balms. Trehalose dialkanoates were synthesized by esterifying the two primary hydroxyls of trehalose with fatty acids (C4‐C12) using a facile, regioselective lipase catalysis. The gelation potential of as‐synthesized amphiphiles was evaluated in organic solvents and vegetable oils. Stable oleogels were subjected to X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal (DSC), and rheological studies and further used for the preparation of lip balms. Trehalose dioctanoate (Tr8), trehalose didecanoate (Tr10) were found to be super gelators as their minimum gelation concentration is ≤0.2 wt%. XRD studies revealed their hexagonal columnar molecular packing while forming the fibrillar networks. Rheometry proved that the fatty acyl chain length of amphiphiles can influence the strength and flow properties of oleogels. Further rheometry (at 25, 37, and 50 °C) and DSC studies have validated that Tr8‐ and Tr10‐based oleogels are stable for commercial applications. Tr8‐ and Tr10‐based olive oil oleogels were used for the preparation of lip balms. The preliminary results suggested that the cumulative effect of trehalose's emolliency and vegetable oil gelling nature can be achieved with trehalose amphiphiles, specifically, Tr8 and Tr10. This study has also demonstrated that Tr8‐ and Tr10‐based lip balms can be used as an alternative to beeswax and plant wax lip balms, indicating their huge potential to succeed as a new paradigm to formulate wax‐free cosmetics.
Modeling of Radiative Emission from Shallow Color Centers in Single Crystalline Diamond
Authors: Zahedian Maryam , Liu Jietian , Vidrio Ricardo , Kolkowitz Shimon , Choy Jennifer T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptically active defects in diamond are widely used as bright single‐photon sources for quantum sensing, computing, and communication. For many applications, it is useful to place the emitter close to the diamond surface, where the radiative properties of the emitter are strongly modified by its dielectric environment. It is well‐known that the radiative power from an electric dipole decreases as the emitter approaches an interface with a lower‐index dielectric, leading to an increase in the radiative lifetime. For emitters in crystalline solids, modeling of this effect needs to take into account the crystal orientation and direction of the surface cut, which can greatly impact the emission characteristics. In this paper, a framework for analyzing the emission rates of shallow (<100 nm) defects is provided, in which optical transitions are derived from electric dipoles in a plane perpendicular to their spin axis. The calculations for the depth‐dependent radiative lifetime for color centers in (100)‐, (110)‐, and (111)‐cut diamond are presented, which can be extended to other vacancy defects in diamond.