bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full Stage Axial Compressor Performance Modeling Incorporating the Effects of Blade Damage Due to Particle Ingestion
Authors: Chirayath Emanuel , Xu Haosen , Yang Xiang , Kunz Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The damage due to particulate matter ingestion by propulsion gas turbine engines can be significant, impacting the operability and performance of plant components. Here, we focus on the axial compressor whose blades become damaged when operated in dusty/sandy environments, resulting in significant performance degradation. In this work, CFD studies are performed to model the effects of airfoil damage on the first-stage rotor blading of a GE T700–401C compressor. We use thermoplastic additive manufacturing to construct representative physical models of three damage morphologies—ballistically bent/curved leading edges, cragged erosion of leading edges, and eroded leading/tailing edges at outer span locations. The resultant damaged plastic geometries, and a baseline undamaged configuration are then optically scanned and incorporated into sublayer resolved full stage, unsteady RANS analyses. Boundary conditions are imposed that conform to damaged compressor operation protocols, and this iterative process for accommodating corrected mass flow and off-design powering is presented. The results for the three damaged and one undamaged configuration are studied in terms of compressible wave field and secondary/tip flows, spanwise performance parameter distributions and efficiency. A method to estimate the effect of rotor damage on engine SFC is presented. The code, modeling, and meshing strategies pursued here are consistent with a validation study carried out for NASA Rotor 37 — these results are briefly included, and provide confidence in the predictions of the T700 geometry studied. The results provide quantitative comparisons of, and insight into, the physical mechanisms associated with damaged compressor performance degradation.
Parent Descriptions of the Active Play Behaviors of Their Twins and Triplets With Autism
Authors: Abu Itham Marie , Kerpan Serene , Balogh Robert , Lloyd Meghann 
Published: April 2023

Children with autism engage in active play in different ways than children who are neurotypical, but their active play behaviors are not well understood. Research with twins and triplets with autism offers a unique opportunity to gain a clear picture of the play behaviors of children with autism because twins and triplets share many similarities (age, access to toys, etc.). Through semistructured interviews, this descriptive phenomenological study aimed to describe the active play behaviors of 19 twins and triplets with autism from the perspective of their parents (N = 9). The interviews revealed two main themes: (a) parents’ descriptions of active play and (b) parents’ descriptions of social play. The results reveal the diverse active and social play behaviors of twins and triplets with autism; parents described their children’s play behavior when engaging in sensory, indoor, outdoor, and organized play. These results suggest that children with autism may be meeting the definition of active play in nontraditional ways.
Management of low back pain in Australian emergency departments for culturally and linguistically diverse populations from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Chen Qiuzhe , Maher Chris G , Rogan Eileen , Machado Gustavo 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundDisparate care in the ED for minority populations with low back pain is a long-standing issue reported in the USA. Our objective was to compare care delivery for low back pain in Australian EDs between culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) and non-CALD patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of medical records of the ED of three public hospitals in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia from January 2016 to October 2021. We included adult patients diagnosed with non-serious low back pain at ED discharge. CALD status was defined by country of birth, preferred language and use of interpreter service. The main outcome measures were ambulance transport, lumbar imaging, opioid administration and hospital admission.ResultsOf the 14 642 included presentations, 7656 patients (52.7%) were born overseas, 3695 (25.2%) preferred communicating in a non-English language and 1224 (8.4%) required an interpreter. Patients born overseas were less likely to arrive by ambulance (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.68, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.73) than Australian-born patients. Patients who preferred a non-English language were also less likely to arrive by ambulance (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.90), yet more likely to be imaged (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23) or be admitted to hospital (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.29) than Native-English-speaking patients. Patients who required an interpreter were more likely to receive imaging (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.64) or be admitted (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.73) compared with those who communicated independently. CALD patients were generally less likely to receive weak opioids than non-CALD patients (aOR range 0.76–0.87), yet no difference was found in the use of any opioid or strong opioids.ConclusionPatients with low back pain from a CALD background, especially those lacking English proficiency, are significantly more likely to be imaged and admitted in Australian EDs. Future interventions improving the quality of ED care for low back pain should give special consideration to CALD patients.
Does an electronic pathology ordering system change the volume and pattern of routine testing in hospital? An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: de Carle Madeleine , Macnab Brooke , Utainrat Jenewa , Herkes-Deane Jessica , Attia John , de Malmanche Theo , Teber Erdahl , Palazzi Kerrin , Scowen Craig , Hure Alexis 
Published: April 2023

AimsIdentifying and reducing low-value care is a vital issue in Australia, with pathology test ordering a common focus in this field. This study builds on previous research and aimed to quantify the impact of the implementation of an electronic ordering (e-ordering) system on the volume of pathology testing, compared with manual (paper based) ordering.MethodsAn audit and analysis of pathology test data were conducted, using an interrupted time series design to investigate the impact of the e-ordering system on pathology ordering patterns. All medical and surgical adult inpatients at a tertiary referral hospital in Newcastle, Australia, were included over a 3-year period.ResultsOverall, there were no statistically significant differences in the volume of orders due to the implementation of the e-ordering system. There was a slight increase in the aggregated volume (tests per admission and tests per bed day) of tests ordered across the entire study period, reflecting a secular trend.ConclusionsDespite providing greater visibility and tracking of orders, we conclude that the implementation of an e-ordering system does not, in and of itself, reduce ordering volume. Efforts to identify and reduce low-value care will require intentional effort and specifically designed educational programmes or hard-wired algorithms.
Dynamically screened strongly quantized electron transport in binary neutron-star merger
Authors: Sarkar Sreemoyee , Adhya Souvik Priyam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe examine electron-transport coefficients in magnetized hot and dense electron-ion plasma relevant in binary neutron star merger simulation. We calculate electrical and thermal conductivities in low density, high temperature, highly magnetized plasma of binary neutron star mergers where quantum oscillatory behavior of electrons emerge. For pronounced thermodynamic effects, we consider zeroth Landau level population of electrons for the calculation of conductivity. We solve Boltzmann equation in presence of magnetic field to obtain the dissipative components of electrical and thermal conductivities. The dissipative coefficients are formulated considering frequency dependent dynamical screening in the quantized electron-ion scattering rate. Numerical estimations show that the effect of dynamical screening of photon propagator on electrical and thermal conductivities is pronounced. We observe that dynamical screening reduces the maxima of both the electrical and thermal conductivities by factors of thirty one and twenty respectively leading to a reduction in the corresponding time scales of these coefficients. The common scaling factor between electrical and thermal conductivity is also observed to follow cubic relationship with temperature violating Wiedemann–Franz law.
An Interview with Kalyanmoy Deb 2022 ACM Fellow
Authors: Deb Kalyanmoy 
Published: April 2023

Prof. Kalyanmoy Deb has been named one of the 2022 ACM Fellows for "Outstanding Contributions That Propel Technology Today", in particular for his "technical contributions in evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms and multi-criterion decision support."
Kalyanmoy kindly agreed to answer all our questions, ranging from his seminal contributions to his views and perspectives on evolutionary computation and its role within computing science and artificial Intelligence.
Discovery of New Ligand with Quinoline Scaffold as Potent Allosteric Inhibitor of HIV-1 and Its Copper Complexes as a Powerful Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazole Derivatives, and in Silico Anti-HIV-1 Studies
Authors: Azimi Sabikeh G. , Bagherzade Ghodsieh , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Amiri Tehranizadeh Zeinab 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the novel Schiff base ligand containing quinoline moiety and its novel copper chelate complexes were successfully prepared. The catalytic activity of the final complex in the organic reaction such as synthesis of chiral benzimidazoles and anti-HIV-1 activity of Schiff base ligand and the products of this reaction were investigated. In addition, green chemistry reactions using microwaves, powerful catalyst synthesis, green recovery and reusability, and separation of products with economic, safe, and clean methods (green chemistry) are among the advantages of this protocol. The potency of these compounds as anti-HIV-1 agents was investigated using molecular docking into integrase (IN) enzyme with code 1QS4 and the GROMACS software for molecular dynamics simulation. The final steps were evaluated in case of RMSD, RMSF, and Rg. The results revealed that the compound VII exhibit a good binding affinity to integrase (

Δ
g

= −10.99 kcal/mol) during 100 ns simulation time, and the analysis of RMSD suggested that compound VII was stable in the binding site of integrase.
Stubborn Predictions in Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Yon Daniel , Thomas Emily R. , Gilbert Sam J. , de Lange Floris P. , Kok Peter , Press Clare 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Perceivers can use past experiences to make sense of ambiguous sensory signals. However, this may be inappropriate when the world changes and past experiences no longer predict what the future holds. Optimal learning models propose that observers decide whether to stick with or update their predictions by tracking the uncertainty or “precision” of their expectations. However, contrasting theories of prediction have argued that we are prone to misestimate uncertainty—leading to stubborn predictions that are difficult to dislodge. To compare these possibilities, we had participants learn novel perceptual predictions before using fMRI to record visual brain activity when predictive contingencies were disrupted—meaning that previously “expected” events became objectively improbable. Multivariate pattern analyses revealed that expected events continued to be decoded with greater fidelity from primary visual cortex, despite marked changes in the statistical structure of the environment, which rendered these expectations no longer valid. These results suggest that our perceptual systems do indeed form stubborn predictions even from short periods of learning—and more generally suggest that top–down expectations have the potential to help or hinder perceptual inference in bounded minds like ours.
River Transport and the Effectiveness of the Qing Artillery Corps during the Ming-Qing Transition
Authors: Chung Yan Hon Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study examines how the availability of river transportation routes affected the effectiveness of the Qing artillery corps. The Yangzi River system and the Pearl River system guaranteed timely and stable artillery support for the Qing siege force in Jiangnan and Liangguang respectively. This was made possible by the Qing’s large reserves of cannons and the sizeable water forces at several strategically important cities along the two rivers, which constituted a river-based artillery logistic system. In the mountainous and unpopulated areas of China, however, the Qing artillery corps faced considerable logistic difficulties. This put the besieging army in a strategic dilemma, i.e., whether to wait for the siege train indefinitely or to assault the city with cold weapons. To push further, this strategic dilemma posed by the terrain may explain why the Qing army, despite possessing the latest artillery technology, continued using cold weapons extensively until the nineteenth century.
Why I like to be a Role Model of Faith and Yet am Afraid of It
Authors: Baumann Monika , Dreyer Jaco S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article dealt with the experience of full-time youth leaders in Evangelical and Free churches in Germany of their role as role models of faith. The research was based on a qualitative, empirical study in which 12 youth leaders were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. The evaluation was carried out by doing a category-based qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015) and Kuckartz (2018), and the type construction (Kelle & Kluge 1999). The quality of experience of the interviewees in their role as role models was determined. Thus, a differentiated perception of the professional group can be strengthened, and holistic education and training programmes supported.
A Critical Case Study on the Implementation of Computational Thinking in Mathematics Education
Authors: Elicer Raimundo , Tamborg Andreas Lindenskov 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the critical case of an expert teacher, with whom we codesigned, implemented and discussed an innovation consisting of a task addressing a dual learning goals that uses block programming in a geometry lesson for her sixth-grade class. We analyse the case focusing on three sub-processes of implementation. First, the teacher constructs agency over both the structure and content of the innovation, illustrated by altering the sequencing within the task and adding of an open-ended activity. Second, her practice changes to adapt the innovation by bringing her expertise in programming and mathematics teaching to guide the solution of one hybrid task. Third, the innovation is adapted to accommodate her pedagogical approach and push for appealing to students’ personal interests. Despite the realisation of these sub-processes, the outcomes of the realised innovation were not necessarily positive, implying a need for an integrated — not compound — expertise in computational and mathematics teaching.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.22339588.
On the understanding and prediction of tribological properties of Al-TiO2 nanocomposites using artificial neural network
Authors: Najjar Ismail , Sadoun Ayman , Fathy Adel 
Published: April 2023

Due to the influence of the manufacturing process on the composite’s wear properties, mathematical models cannot accurately predict the wear rates and coefficients of friction of composite materials. As a result, this work provides a deeper comprehension of the tribological properties of Al-TiO2 nanocomposites with varying TiO2 content tested at varying sliding loads as well as improved predictability. Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) was used to create Al-TiO2 nanocomposites that had good TiO2 nanoparticle dispersion in the matrix. The pin-on-disc test was used to measure their wear rates and coefficient of friction. A neural network model was used to predict the wear rates and the coefficient of friction because there was a correlation between the composite morphology, hardness, and microstructure, as well as the evolution of the tribological properties. Due to the uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles within the composite and the saturation of grain refinement in the Al matrix, it was experimentally demonstrated that wear rates decrease as the number of ARB passes increases until a plateau is reached. After five ARB passes, the composite containing 3% TiO2 nanoparticles achieved the maximum hardness improvement of 153.7%. While the same composite’s wear rates decrease from 3.7 × 10−3 g/m for pure Al to 1.1 × 10−3 g/m at 5 N load. For each of the produced composites that were subjected to four distinct wear loads, the artificial neural network model was able to accurately predict the wear rates and coefficient of friction, achieving determination coefficient R2 values of 0.9766 and 0.9866, respectively, for the wear rates and coefficient of friction.
Nerve Growth Factor in Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jaiswal Alankrit , Shreekantiah Umesh , Goyal Nishant 
Published: April 2023

Background: Neurotrophins have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is one of the major neurotrophins that has attracted much research interest. Therefore, we undertook, to the best of our knowledge, the first scoping review encompassing all major psychiatric disorders and their relation to NGF. This review aimed to identify the current position of NGF in psychiatric research and to outline present gaps in knowledge, which can be answered with a more detailed systematic review in the future. Methods: Suitable studies were identified using PubMed. A total of 20 studies were included in the review: two on bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), three on schizophrenia, seven on depression, and eight on alcohol use disorder. Results: NGF levels are definitively reduced in BPAD and depression, while NGF levels in schizophrenia decreased further after treatment than in the drug-naïve state. The effect of treatment on NGF levels in depression varied based on treatment modalities and severity of depression. In patients with depression, raised NGF was a predictor of conversion to bipolar disorder (BD). NGF levels were raised in acute alcohol intoxication and withdrawal but normalized slowly as abstinence was maintained. NGF may play a protective role in preventing the toxic ill effect of acute alcohol intoxication on the central nervous system. Conclusion: Based on current knowledge, NGF levels may be a useful biomarker of a chronic mental stress condition. However, further research is needed before it can be used to identify a specific psychiatric illness or predict treatment response.
Factors Associated with Family Retention or Involvement in Treatment of Persons with Severe Mental Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vasava Tejas , Majhi Gobinda , Muralidhar D. , Kumar Devvarta 
Published: April 2023

Objective: A scoping review was conducted to detect the factors that affect family retention (FR) or involvement (FI) in the treatment of persons with severe mental illness (PwSMI) and to understand the gaps in this research area. Design: We included studies that described factors associated with FR/FI in the treatment of persons with PwSMI. English language articles available in full text, published until June 2022, were included. The literature search was carried out in four major electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost, for 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022, which yielded 5442 articles, of which six (four primary studies and two secondary studies) were considered for the final scoping review as per the inclusion criteria. Results: Five major categories of factors were identified: (a) family level, (b) professional level, (c) mental health system level, (d) related to characteristics of the patient and illness, and (e) related to the external environment. Most studies described barriers to FI, while only a few elaborated on facilitators for FI/FR. Systemic and family-level factors were the major contributors to the barrier to FI and FR in the treatment of people with PwSMI. Conclusion: There is a dearth of literature in the field of FR/FI in the treatment of people with schizophrenia. More research is required so that holistic interventions can be designed and provided.
Early aseptic loosening of a press-fit radial head prosthesis – A case series of 6 patients
Authors: Corbaz J , Barimani B , Vauclair F 
Published: April 2023

Objective Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) is the principal treatment option for comminuted radial head (RH) fractures. Here, we present six cases of failed RHA using a modular monopolar press-fit RHA that was subsequently withdrawn from the market because it was associated with a high incidence of loosening. Methods We retrospectively collected data from six patients who had received Radial Head Prothesis SystemTM at our centre between July 2015 and June 2016. The average follow-up was 40 months. Results Aseptic loosening of the stem affected five (83%) of the six RHA. Four of these were symptomatic and RHA removal was performed. For these patients, the pain subsided and their elbow range of motion (ROM) improved. Conclusion While the ideal design for an RHA is still debatable, RHA is an efficient treatment option that restores elbow stability and function after a comminuted RH fracture. Importantly, removal of the prosthesis is an effective remedy following RHA associated elbow pain and decreased ROM.
Synoptic Reporting in Clinical Placental Pathology: A Preliminary Investigation Into Report Findings and Interobserver Agreement
Authors: Dancey Sonia R. , Benton Samantha J. , Lafreniere Anthea J. , Leckie Michal , McLeod Benjamin , Sim Jordan , El-Demellawy Dina , Grynspan David , Bainbridge Shannon A. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Placental pathology is key for investigating adverse pregnancy outcomes, however, lack of standardization in reporting has limited clinical utility. We evaluated a novel placental pathology synoptic report, comparing its robustness to narrative reports, and assessed interobserver agreement. Methods: 100 singleton placentas were included. Histology slides were examined by 2 senior perinatal pathologists and 2 pathology residents using a synoptic report (32 lesions). Historical narrative reports were compared to synoptic reports. Kappa scores were calculated for interobserver agreement between senior, resident, and senior vs resident pathologists. Results: Synoptic reporting detected 169 (51.4%) lesion instances initially not included in historical reports. Amongst senior pathologists, 64% of all lesions examined demonstrated fair-to-excellent agreement (Kappa ≥0.41), with only 26% of Kappas ≥0.41 amongst those examined by resident pathologists. Well-characterized lesions (e.g., chorioamnionitis) demonstrated higher agreement, with lower agreement for uncommon lesions and those previously shown to have poor consensus. Discussion: Synoptic reporting is one proposed method to address issues in placenta pathology reporting. The synoptic report generally identifies more lesions compared to the narrative report, however clinical significance remains unclear. Interobserver agreement is likely related to differential in experience. Further efforts to improve overall standardization of placenta pathology reporting are needed.