bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural analysis of accessory canals in the furcation area of the mandibular first molar using micro-computed tomography
Authors: Suzuki Megumi , Kasahara Norio , Matsunaga Satoru , Yamada Masashi , Abe Shinichi , Furusawa Masahiro 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Accessory canals in the furcation area (ACF) can be seen to provide routes of communication joining the dental pulp and periodontal tissue and be considered a cause of endodontic-periodontal disease. However, many points remain unknown concerning the three-dimensional morphology of ACFs as well as their locations and incidences in different types of teeth. The aim of this study was to examine the three-dimensional structure of ACFs using ultra-high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and their incidence on the basis of the existing classification system.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety-six Japanese mandibular first molars were grouped according to age, with those extracted from individuals <20 years old at the time of extraction classed as “junior” and those from individuals ≥20 years old at the time of extraction as “senior.” Regions of interest were designated for vertical and horizontal observations. Collected specimens were scanned in micro-CT, and three-dimensional reconstruction and morphological analyses were carried out. The morphological classification of ACFs of Yoshida et al. was followed. After classification, the prevalence of teeth with ACFs and the total numbers and percentages of ACFs in each type were calculated. Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for the statistical analysis of numbers of ACFs, with values of P < 0.05 regarded as significant.

Results:
Ninety-five molars showed at least one accessory canal. Accessory canals were present in 98.0% of junior and 100% of senior individuals. Types 3 and 6 were the most commonly found in the furcation area. Junior showed significantly more accessory canals per tooth than senior (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
ACFs were present in the vast majority of specimens of both junior and senior teeth. This result suggested that clinically, affecting endodontic-periodontal disease as well as the presence of ACFs may impact reinfection after infected root canal treatment.
Assessment of debris extrusion on using step-wise irrigant activation versus conventional activation in different access designs: An ex-vivo study
Authors: Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Taduri Vivek , Harsha Tummala Sri , Bindu Vinukonda Hima 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
A successful endodontic therapy mainly depends on the effective chemomechanical debridement. The present study assessed the effect of different activation modes on debris extrusion in different access cavity designs.

Materials and Methods:
Freshly extracted 168 maxillary premolars were collected. They were allocated into two groups (n = 84) (Group I: Traditional Endodontic Access (TEA) and Group II: Contracted Endodontic Access (CEA)). These groups were further subgrouped (n = 28) based on the activation protocol used (Subgroup A, D: Manual irrigation with no activation, Subgroup B, E: Conventional activation (CA), and Subgroup C, F: Step-wise irrigant activation). Each tooth specimen was inserted into Eppendorf for debris collection. The canals were instrumented using HyFlex CM rotary files to 0.04 taper. The irrigation was specific to the experimental subgroups, which was done by a single operator. Following the experimental irrigation, the collected debris was weighted using an analytical balance. The collected data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Statistical significant debris extrusion was seen with TEA (P < 0.05). Among the subgroups, step-wise irrigant activation technique showed significant (P < 0.05) debris extrusion.

Conclusion:
CEA showed less debris extrusion when the CA technique was used for irrigation.
Evaluation of the effect of diode laser activation on push-out bond strength of different intraorifice barriers in endodontically treated teeth. An in-vitro study
Authors: Halkai Rahul S , Begum Raeesunisa , Halkai Kiran R. , Zakaullah Syed , Indi Shreeshail , Thimwala Aadil Mahammad , Almohareb Rahaf , Algahtani Fahda Nabeel 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The placement of intraorifice barriers should facilitate proper adhesion; however, it is still a challenge with existing intraorifice barrier materials. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the push-out bond strength of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), Tetric-N-Flow, and Biodentine as intraorifice barriers with and without diode laser activation.

Materials and Methods:
Human-extracted single-rooted 60 mandibular premolars were decoronated to standardize 13 mm root length. Root canal was instrumented with rotary ProTaper universal system till F4 and alternatively irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline, followed by obturation using gutta-percha and AH-plus sealer. About 3.5 mm of gutta-percha was removed from the orifice using peso reamer. Horizontal tooth sections of 3.5 mm in length were obtained from the coronal third of each sample and were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each) for intraorifice barrier materials. Group 1: GIC; group 2: Tetric-N-Flow and group 3:Biodentine. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups A and B (n = 10 each) with and without diode laser. After 7 days, the specimens were mounted in acrylic molds and push-out bond strength was evaluated under universal testing machine. Data analysis was done using One way-analysis of variance and post hoc Tuckey comparison tests (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:
Laser activation in each group showed greater push-out bond strength; however, Biodentine with laser (group 3A) exhibited higher bond strength compared to all groups (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
Biodentine with laser activation before placement of the coronal barrier of endodontic treated tooth increases the quality of bond strength.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula Treatment in Patients with COVID-19 Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed S , Alshaqaq Hassan M. , Alhumaid Jehan , Binammar Ammar A. , AlSalem Khalid H , Alghamdi Abdulazez , Abdulhady Ahmed , Yehia Moamen , AlSulaibikh Amal , Al Jumaan Mohammed , Albuli Waleed H , Ibrahim Talal , Yousef Abdullah A. , Almubarak Yousef , Alhazzani Waleed 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Early use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) decreases the need for endotracheal intubation (EI) in different respiratory failure causes. While HFNC is used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) under weak recommendations, its efficacy remains to be investigated.

Objectives:
The primary objective was to examine HFNC efficacy in preventing EI among COVID-19 patients with AHRF. Secondary objectives were to determine predictors of HFNC success/failure, mortality rate, and length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay.

Patients and Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia from April to August 2020. Adult patients admitted to the ICU with AHRF secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia and managed with HFNC were included. We excluded patients who were intubated or managed with non-invasive ventilation before HFNC.

Results:
Forty-four patients received HFNC for a median duration of 3 days (interquartile range, 1–5 days). The mean age was 57 ± 14 years, and 86% were men. HFNC failure and EI occurred in 29 (66%) patients. Patients in whom HNFC treatment failed had a higher risk of death (52% versus 0%; P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, a high SOFA score and a low ROX index were significantly associated with HFNC failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.93; P = 0.025; and HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42–0.88; P = 0.008, respectively).

Conclusions:
One-third of hypoxemic COVID-19 patients who received HFNC did not require intubation. High SOFA score and low ROX index were associated with HFNC failure.
Childhood Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Aldosari Batal M. , Shadid Asem M. , Alekrish Khalid A. , Alreshidi Ibrahim G. , Alturki Abdulaziz Yousef , Sulaiman Mohammed A. Al , Sheikh Afaf Al 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). However, few studies from Saudi Arabia have assessed the effect AD has on the QoL of pediatric patients.

Objective:
To determine the psychological impact of AD on pediatric Saudi patients using the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI).

Methods:
This cross-sectional was conducted across five tertiary hospitals located across five cities of Saudi Arabia from December 2018 to December 2019. The study included all Saudi patients aged 5–16 years who were diagnosed with AD for at least 6 months prior to visiting the dermatology clinic of the included hospitals. The quality of life in children with AD was assessed using the Arabic version of the CDLQI.

Results:
A total of 476 patients were included, of which 67.4% were boys. AD had a very large and extremely large effect on the QoL in 17.4% and 11.3% of the patients, respectively; the QoL of only 5.7% of the patients was not impacted due to AD. The average CDLQI score was not significantly different between males and females (9.7 vs. 9.1, respectively; P = 0.4255). Domains related to symptoms and emotions were affected to a greater extent compared with the remaining domains, while the school domain was the least affected. The correlation between age and CDLQI (r = 0.04, P = 0.52) and between the duration of the disease and CDLQI (r = 0.062, P = 0.18) was not significant.

Conclusions:
This study found that AD affects the QoL of a significant proportion of the Saudi pediatric patients, thereby highlighting the need to consider QoL as a measure of treatment success.
Cyberchondria and its Association with Smartphone Addiction and Electronic Health Literacy among a Saudi Population
Authors: El-Zayat Ayat , Namnkani Sundus Amin , Alshareef Nouf Abdullah , Mustfa Mashaer Mohammed , Eminaga Nuran Shukri , Algarni Ghadah Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cyberchondria is a recent phenomenon characterized by the excessive/frequent searching of the internet for health-related information (HRI) that results in concerns/anxiety over health and wellness. Studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of cyberchondria and that it is associated with smartphone addiction and eHealth literacy, but few such studies are available from Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included adult Saudis living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and was conducted between May 1 and June 30, 2022. A four-section questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms, and included the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS), and Electronic Health Literacy scale (eHEALS). The scales were translated into Arabic using the forward–backward technique, and then evaluated for content validity, face validity, and reliability.

Results:
The reliability of the translated versions was satisfactory: CSS Cronbach’s alpha = 0.882; SAS = 0.887; eHEALS = 0.903. A total of 518 participants were inlcuded, of which the majority were female (64.1%). The prevalence of cyberchondria was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1–3.8), 83.4% (79.9–86.5), and 14.5% (11.6–17.8) for low, moderate, and high grades, respectively. Two-thirds of the participants (66.6%) had smartphone addiction, while three-fourths (72.6%) had a high level of eHealth literacy. There were significant correlations between cyberchondria and smartphone addiction (r = 0.395, CI = 0.316/0.475, P = 0.0001) and high eHealth literacy (r = 0.265, CI = 0.182/0.349, P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The study revealed a high prevalence of cyberchondria in a Saudi population, and this was associated with smartphone addiction and high eHealth literacy.
Plateletcrit is a Useful Marker in the Quality of Life Assessment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study from Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Aref Sheelan Faroz , Jalal Aryan Mohamadfatih , Mawlood Zhala Kakamin , Al-Nimer Marwan Salih 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hematological indices and ratios have been reported to be related to the severity of illness, and thus could potentially be useful determinants of quality of life (QoL).

Objective:
To evaluate the association between hematological indices or ratios, which serve as biomarkers of disease activity, and the QoL of RA patients.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out in the Rizgary Teaching Hospital in the Kurdistan region of Iraq between December 01, 2021, and March 31, 2022. All female patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RA and aged ≥18 years were included. Data relating to the disease activity score (DAS-28), biochemical measurements of the profile, and hematological indices and ratios were assessed. The QoL of each patient was assessed using the Quality of Life-Rheumatoid Arthritis II (QoL-RA II) and the World Health Organization-Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) scales.

Results:
A total of 81 participants were included, with a median disease duration of 9 years. The median values of the hematological indices were as follows: mean corpuscular volume, 80 fL; platelet count 282 × 103/mm3; mean platelet volume, 9.7 fL; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, 2.76; and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, 170.5. In six of the eight domains of the QoL-RA II scale, the median score was ≤5, indicating poor QoL. The transformed scores of WHOQOL-BREF domains were <50. Multivariate regression analysis showed significant inverse correlations between plateletcrit and the health domains. The area under the curve of the physical, psychological, and environmental domains was <0.5 at a cutoff value of plateletcrit of 0.25.

Conclusions:
In RA patients, hematological indices and ratios could serve as a QoL assessment tool, particularly plateletcrit, as higher plateletcrit (≥0.25) were found to negatively impact the physical health, psychological, and environmental domains.
An Evaluation of Contributions of Selected Organizational and Sociological Theories to Managerial Accounting Research
Authors: Odek Robert , Oluoch Josephat Oluoch 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The drive of this research work was to evaluate selected organizational and sociological theories in regard to their contribution in management accounting research with the object of recognizing the gaps and areas for further study.
Methodology: The study applied integrative review/critical review approach by relying on previous publications of which 28 publications were included in the study. Content analysis was used in data analysis.
Findings: Contingency theory has received wider acceptance in the field of managerial accounting research. Its application has since been evidenced based on its contingent propositions which include; technology, organization structure, and the general operating environment of the organization. However, other studies suggested that contingency method has the look of being persuasive but momentary fashion and it is principally deceptive. That is, the exact and appropriate contingent elements have remained unclarified and thus the essence of in-depth theoretical, and realistic, consideration. Thus it provides a limited insight to organizational contingent factors. Moreover, Institutional theory as much as criticized of being political; it enables the organization to view itself holistically both from the angle of the task environment (technology, firm structure and work environment) and the external environment (political influences, public expectations, professional perspectives) implying management accounting programs implemented by the firm has to be in line with the social expectations of the company external clients. Resource dependency theory have highlighted on the role of governmental language, predominantly in budgeting procedures. Labour process theory has contributed toward management accounting in the sense that with the quest to shift from the old age production system to the contemporary company production; corporations required to appropriate profits. This could only be supported through employment of trained executives with knowledge in managerial accounting and book keeping. However the model has been disparaged on the foundation that its promoters believed on the adoption of the scientific approach which is simply but one aspect of the organizational view.
Implications: The findings from the many empirical studies reviewed herein are therefore helpful in addressing the research objectives with supremacy that no single revision had done. This literature review is an outstanding way to expose gaps where more research work is necessary, and also being dire component of spawning original theoretic outlines and construction of conceptual ideas.
Value of the Study: It contributes to management accounting research by evaluating the theories. Besides, it helped to suggest areas for further research plus offering recommendations based on the findings.
Relationship between anxiety and spiritual well-being of the elderly with hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iswatun  , Yusuf Ah , Efendi Ferry , Susanto Joko , Kumala Dewi Winda , Hidaayah Nur 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To study the relationship between anxiety and the spiritual wellbeing of hypertensive elderly patients during the corona virus disease-2019 pandemic.
Method: The cross-sectional, correlational, analytical study was conducted from March to May 2022 in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, after approval from the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, and comprised elderly hypertensive subjects aged >45 years who had good cognitive skills. Data was collected using the Geriatric Anxiety Scale and the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale. Anxiety was the independent variable, while spiritual wellbeing was the dependent variable. Data was analysed using univariate and bivariate analyses.
Results: Of the 200 subjects, 107(53.5%) were females and 93(46.5%) were males. Overall, 97(48.5%) were aged 45-49 years, 81(40.5%) had completed primary school, 96(48%) were farmers, 121(60.5%) had moderate anxiety and 80(40%) had moderate spiritual wellbeing. There was a significant relationship between anxiety and spiritual wellbeing (p<0.05). Age, education and occupation of the subjects had significant association with both anxiety and spiritual wellbeing (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The coronavirus disease-2019 led to decreased anxiety and increased spiritual wellbeing among the hypertensive elderly.
Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Hypertension, Cognition, Prognosis.
La acreditación del profesorado universitario en España: situación y perspectivas futuras
Authors: Berrocal de Luna Emilio , Gutiérrez-Braojos Calixto , Rodríguez Fernández Sonia , Peña García Paz 
Published: April 2023

La tendencia observada en los últimos años, atendiendo a los cambios legislativos realizados en el sistema universitario español, vienen marcados por distintos contextos económicos y sociales. Las medidas adoptadas, tanto por la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA) como por las Agencias autonómicas, pretenden mejorar el rendimiento docente, investigador, de innovación o de transferencia de conocimiento, así como garantizar principios de equidad en los procesos de acreditación del profesorado universitario español. El presente artículo presenta un enfoque de revisión, descriptivo y crítico, de la evolución de la situación del profesorado de la universidad española durante la última década, haciendo especial hincapié en los procesos de acreditación, dada la repercusión de los mismos en la promoción y desarrollo de la carrera docente. Se revisan las causas, además de las consecuencias de algunas variables como la categoría profesional, dedicación o evolución del número de profesorado universitario, que nos permiten conocer la representatividad real de cada una de las figuras existentes en el contexto estructural universitario español.
Estas consideraciones dan lugar una reflexión sobre la situación actual de dichos procesos de las que se generan una serie de propuestas de mejora y de acciones que se están llevando a cabo de cara al futuro en el ámbito de la acreditación universitaria.
Liderazgo eficaz para la calidad educativa y la acreditación universitaria en el caribe colombiano
Authors: Rosales Yepes Amalfi , Montes Miranda Alexander , Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso 
Published: April 2023

La investigación sobre liderazgo escolar en el contexto de la acreditación de la educación superior en el Caribe demanda del fortalecimiento del liderazgo pedagógico de los rectores de estas instituciones, para lo cual es importante el aporte de esta investigación que analiza las prácticas eficaces que han contribuido a la mejora de la calidad educativa, desde las percepciones de distintos actores, mediante un método de estudio de casos múltiples con enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo, que implicó la mirada a cuatro instituciones y un análisis en tres niveles de complejidad hasta llegar al cruce de casos. Los principales resultados indicaron que, las acciones y elementos relacionados con habilidades personales, competencias profesionales y formación pedagógica que poseen los directores, facilitan la configuración de prácticas de liderazgo eficaz. Paralelamente, son transversalizadas por el ser ético del líder en su condición humana, dándole al liderazgo un carácter moral con sentido social. Para potencializar en los líderes prácticas eficaces de liderazgo con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de la educación y la acreditación universitaria, es fundamental establecer políticas públicas contundentes que reivindique el rol actual de los rectores y garanticen su aplicabilidad desde lo institucional para poder lograr transformaciones de alto nivel.