bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen vacancies induced band gap narrowing for efficient visible-light response in carbon-doped TiO2
Authors: Guan Sujun , Cheng Yanling , Hao Liang , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Tarashima Chiaki , Zhan Tianzhuo , Itoi Takaomi , Qiu Tangbin , Lu Yun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe band gap of rutile TiO2 has been narrowed, via the formation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) during heat treatment in carbon powder (cHT) with embedding TiO2 coatings. The narrowed band gap efficiently improves the visible light response of TiO2 coatings, to further enhance the visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. The change in OVs during cHT has been studied by manipulation of cHT temperature and time. The effect of OVs on the band structure of nonstoichiometric TiO2-x has been further calculated by first-principles calculations. With raising the temperature, SEM images show that the nano-size fiber-like structure forms on the surface of TiO2 coatings, and the amount of the fiber-like structure significantly increases and their size changes from nano to micro under 800 °C, contributing to cause an increase in accessible surface area. The UV–Vis results reveal that the band gap of TiO2 has been narrowed during cHT, due to the formed oxygen vacancies. The XPS results further confirm that the formation of surface defects including OVs, and the XPS depth profile further shows the decreased relative amount of O whereas increased relative amount of carbon. Notably, after cHT for TiO2 coatings, the photocatalytic activity first increases then decreases with raising the temperature, achieving approximately 3 times at 850 °C. The first-principles calculation suggest that the OVs in TiO2 coatings with localized electrons could facilitate the band gap narrowing, further favoring to enhance the photocatalytic activity under visible light.
Proposal for a Lorenz qubit
Authors: Geller Michael R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNonlinear qubit master equations have recently been shown to exhibit rich dynamical phenomena such as period doubling, Hopf bifurcation, and strange attractors usually associated with classical nonlinear systems. Here we investigate nonlinear qubit models that support tunable Lorenz attractors. A Lorenz qubit could be realized experimentally by combining qubit torsion, generated by real or simulated mean field dynamics, with linear amplification and dissipation. This would extend engineered Lorenz systems to the quantum regime, allowing for their direct experimental study and possible application to quantum information processing.
Genetic analysis of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation from sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Cheng Yajing , Chen Ting , Hu Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to identify hub genes and pathological mechanisms related to neuroinflammation in Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (SCJD) based on comprehensive bioinformatics. SCJD and normal samples were collected from GSE160208. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Limma R package were used to obtain key genes, which were used for enrichment and immune cell infiltration analyses. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, cytoHubba, and machine learning were used to screen the central genes of SCJD. The chemicals related to hub genes were predicted and explored by molecular docking. 88 candidate genes were screened. Enrichment analysis showed they were mainly related to bacterial and viral infection and immune cell activation. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that immune cell activation and altered activity of the immune system are involved in the progression of SCJD. After identifying hub genes, KIT and SPP1 had higher diagnostic efficacy for SCJD (AUC > 0.9), so they were identified as central genes. The molecular docking results showed hub genes both docked well with Tretinoin. KIT, SPP1, and Tretinoin are essential in developing neuroinflammation in SCJD and may provide new ideas for diagnosing and treating SCJD.
Ocular steroidome in human eyes and in eyes with complex central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
Authors: Zola Marta , Bousquet Elodie , Bourges Jean-Louis , Azan Fréderic , Zhao Min , Jaworski Thara , Pussard Eric , Behar-Cohen Francine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exact link between systemic and ocular endogenous corticoids (steroidome) is unclear and whether the ocular steroidome is altered in CSCR eyes is unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the human steroidome in the aqueous humor as a function of age, sex and time of the day, to correlate systemic and ocular steroidome and to analyze the ocular steroidome in long lasting complex inactive CSCR. Based on our results, we present two CSCR cases treated by the combination of oral mineralocorticoid antagonist and glucocorticoids drops. In a cross-sectional study, aqueous humor (AH) was collected between 8am and 6 pm from 50 unaffected individuals (25 men and 25 women) and from 14 patients with chronic CSCR, during cataract surgery. In addition, simultaneous serum and AH were collected from 27 individuals undergoing cataract surgery and, simultaneous AH and vitreous were collected from 9 patients undergoing cataract and vitrectomy to estimate corticoids levels in the different compartments. The steroidome was determined using a LC–MS/MS method that quantifies 13 endogenous corticoids from the gluco, mineralocorticoid and androgen pathways. In AH and vitreous, the highest corticoid level is reached by cortisol (F), that represents less than 10% of F serum level. The cortisol levels in the serum did not correlate with ocular cortisol levels. Serum and ocular cortisone (E) levels correlate, although less than 5% of circulating E reaches the eye. The only mineralocorticoids measured in the AH were corticosterone (B) and its inactive form, the 11-desoxycorticosterone (A). There was no influence of circadian rhythm on cortisol ocular levels and there was no correlation between the age or the sex and the level of F, E, A, and B. In eyes with chronic inactive CSCR, the levels of the active glucocorticoid form F was lower than in control eyes and the F/E ratio was reduced by 50% but the B/A ratio was higher indicating imbalance towards active mineralocorticoids. Base on this observation, we propose to combine an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor together with topical glucocorticoids in two CSCR patients, resistant to all other treatments, with favorable outcome. Our results indicate that the ocular psteroidome is highly regulated suggesting a local metabolism of ocular corticoids. In eyes with long-lasting complex inactive CSCR, the steroidome analysis shows lower active glucocorticoids and higher active mineralocorticoids.
Desire for thinness among young Japanese women from the perspective of objective and subjective ideal body shape
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI examined the actual situation of the desire to be thin among young Japanese women from the perspective of ideal body shape and actual measured body shape. In total, 90 young Japanese women were evaluated using a questionnaire (perceived body shape and desired body composition change) and assessments of sarcopenia (muscle strength, physical ability, and muscle mass). Participants were classified into the underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2, 74%), normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, 20%), or obese (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, 6%) groups. The normal-weight group needed to gain an average of 2.2 kg to reach the objective ideal weight, but participants desired to lose an average of 4.5 kg. The underweight group needed to gain an average of 10.3 kg to reach the objective ideal weight, but participants desired to maintain their current body weight. Data on muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia showed low values for the underweight group. Most participants were classified into the normal-weight and underweight groups, but these groups showed a high percentage of women with a desire to be thin. The body shape of young adult women should be carefully considered not only as a health issue of thinness during the fertile period but also as a countermeasure to sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass) during the aging process.
Chronodisruption of the acute inflammatory response by night lighting in rats
Authors: Jerigova Viera , Zeman Michal , Okuliarova Monika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDaily oscillations are present in many aspects of the immune system, including responsiveness to infections, allowing temporal alignment of defence mechanisms with the external environment. Our study addresses whether compromised circadian timing function by dim artificial light at night (ALAN) impacts the time dependency of the acute inflammatory response in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. After 2 weeks of exposure to low-intensity ALAN (~2 lx) or a standard light/dark cycle, male rats were challenged with LPS during either the day or the night. Dim ALAN attenuated the anorectic response when rats were stimulated during their early light phase. Next, ALAN suppressed daily variability in inflammatory changes in blood leukocyte numbers and increased the daytime sensitivity of neutrophils to the priming effects of LPS on oxidative burst. An altered renal inflammatory response in ALAN-exposed rats was manifested by stimulated T-cell infiltration into the kidney upon night-time LPS injection and the modified rhythmic response of genes involved in inflammatory pathways. Moreover, ALAN disturbed steady-state oscillations of the renal molecular clock and eliminated the inflammatory responsiveness of Rev-erbα. Altogether, dim ALAN impaired time-of-day-dependent sensitivity of inflammatory processes, pointing out a causal mechanism between light pollution and negative health effects.
Chlorfenapyr metabolism by mosquito P450s associated with pyrethroid resistance identifies potential activation markers
Authors: Yunta Cristina , Ooi Jocelyn M. F. , Oladepo Folasade , Grafanaki Sofia , Pergantis Spiros. A. , Tsakireli Dimitra , Ismail Hanafy M. , Paine Mark J. I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChlorfenapyr is a pro-insecticide increasingly used in combination with pyrethroids such as a-cypermethrin or deltamethrin in insecticide treated bednets (ITNs) to control malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquito populations. Chlorfenapyr requires P450 activation to produce tralopyril and other bioactive metabolites. Pyrethroid resistance is often associated with elevated levels of chemoprotective P450s with broad substrate specificity, which could influence chlorfenapyr activity. Here, we have investigated chlorfenapyr metabolism by a panel of eight P450s commonly associated with pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, the major vectors of malaria and arboviruses. Chlorfenapyr was activated to tralopyril by An. gambiae CYP6P3, CYP9J5, CYP9K1 and Ae. aegypti, CYP9J32. The Kcat/KM value of 0.66 μM−1 min−1 for CYP9K1 was, 6.7 fold higher than CYP6P3 and CYP9J32 (both 0.1 μM−1 min−1) and 22-fold higher than CYP9J5 (0.03 μM−1 min−1). Further investigation of the effect of -cypermethrin equivalent to the ratios used with chlorfenapyr in bed nets (~ 1:2 molar ratio) resulted in a reduction in chlorfenapyr metabolism by CYP6P3 and CYP6K1 of 76.8% and 56.8% respectively. This research provides valuable insights into the metabolism of chlorfenapyr by mosquito P450s and highlights the need for continued investigation into effective vector control strategies.
Osteogenic induction of asiatic acid derivatives in human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Thamnium Sirikool , Laomeephol Chavee , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum , Tabata Yasuhiko , Wang Chao , Luckanagul Jittima A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAsiatic acid (AA) and asiaticoside, pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds derived from Centella asiatica, are known for their biological effects in promoting type I collagen synthesis and inducing osteogenesis of stem cells. However, their applications in regenerative medicine are limited due to their low potency and poor aqueous solubility. This work aimed to evaluate the osteogenic induction activity of AA derivatives in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro. Four compounds were synthesised, namely 501, 502, 503, and 506. AA was used as the control. The 502 exhibited low water solubility, while the 506 compound showed the highest. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that 503 caused significant deterioration in cell viability, while other derivatives showed no harmful effect on hPDLSCs. The dimethyl aminopropyl amine derivative of AA, compound 506, demonstrated a relatively high potency in inducing osteogenic differentiation. An elevated mRNA expression of osteogenic-related genes, BMP2, WNT3A, ALP, OSX and IBSP was observed with 506. Additionally, the expression of BMP-2 protein was enhanced with increasing dose of 506, and the effect was pronounced when the Erk signalling molecule was inhibited. The 506 derivative was proposed for the promotion of osteogenic differentiation in hPDLSCs by upregulating BMP2 via the Erk signalling pathway. The 506 molecule showed promise in bone tissue regeneration.
Sentences Are Key: Helping School-Age Children and Adolescents Build Sentence Skills Needed for Real Language
Authors: Balthazar Catherine H. , Scott Cheryl M. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
In this article, we present key concepts pointing to the importance of targeting complex sentences for school-age children and adolescents with developmental language disorders (DLD). Drawing on current treatment research, we argue that the sentence is a crucial but often neglected piece of the puzzle when it comes to understanding relationships between DLD and academic outcomes. We provide detailed suggestions for how clinicians can focus on complex sentence structures in natural academic contexts to bridge this gap.

Method:
Background information on sentence complexity is presented, along with a rationale for targeting complex sentences with school-age children and adolescents with DLD. Intervention methods from a variety of studies targeting multiclausal sentences are discussed in relation to current accounts of language learning and language processing models. We provide a robust catalog of suggested strategies for targeting sentence complexity in a manner that is aligned with research findings to date and integrated into real academic contexts.

Conclusions:
Complex sentence structures are a key challenge for students with DLD as they tackle discipline-specific language and academic tasks. Sentence complexity treatment programs employ one or more treatment methods including priming, modeling, recasting, contextualization, metalinguistic instruction, and sentence combining. While studies have consistently shown a measurable improvement in complex sentence production on proximal outcomes regardless of treatment approach, evidence of durable, functional changes for students with DLD remains sparse. We encourage new treatments that target comprehension and production of complex sentences in real-life academic contexts in clinical practice and research.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23969103
Multiple satellite and ground clock sources‐based high‐precision time synchronization and lossless switching for distribution power system
Authors: Liu Pengju , Zhang Sunxun , Zhou Zhenyu , Lv Lei , Huang Lin , Liu Jiayu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrecise energy management in distribution power system requires high‐precision time synchronization among large‐scale deployed devices. Multiple clock sources‐based time synchronization possesses advantages of reliability, high precision, and robustness, but still faces several challenges such as coupling between time synchronization error and delay, as well as different timescales between clock source and clock weight optimization. In this paper, a multi‐clock source time synchronization model is constructed and a problem is formulated to minimize the synchronization error and delay through jointly optimizing large‐timescale clock source selection and small‐timescale weight selection. A reinforcement learning‐based multi‐timescale multi‐clock source time synchronization algorithm named RL‐M2 is proposed to solve the formulated problem from a learning perspective. Besides, a lossless switching method is proposed to address the switching problem for multiple clock sources. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of RL‐M2 and the lossless switching method in time synchronization delay and error.
Robust gradient‐based neural networks for solving online the discrete periodic Lyapunov matrix equations
Authors: Yin Chang , Zhang Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHere, a gradient‐based neural network (GNN) model is constructed for solving the discrete periodic Lyapunov matrix equation (DPLME) associated with discrete‐time linear periodic systems. In practical applications, the recurrent neural network model should not only converge rapidly, but also be able to tolerate noise. However, the influence of noise on GNN models was seldom considered in the past. In order to improve the convergence and robustness of the GNN model, a novel type of non‐linear activation function is applied to the GNN model. Compared with the traditional activation functions, the activation function used here makes the GNN model to achieve fixed‐time convergence. Besides, when disturbed by bounded noise, the unique positive definite solution of the DPLME can still be obtained by using the GNN model. Finally, simulation experiment is performed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed GNN model.
A novel small‐signal detection method using divergence properties of second‐order linear differential equations
Authors: Yamakawa Soichiro , Ando Kota , Akai‐Kasaya Megumi , Asai Tetsuya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel small‐signal detection method that focuses on detection rather than measurement is proposed. It is particularly useful when a sensor is implanted within a living body. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed method detects signals by converting the input signal into a frequency change of an oscillator and monitoring the change in frequency. Its main advantage is the possibility of greatly reducing the circuit size and power consumption compared to conventional methods. To verify the proposed method, a simple implementation experiment using an actual device is performed. Consequently, pulse signals were successfully detected using the proposed method. It is believed that with appropriate implementation, the circuit can detect many types of signals. It is expected that the proposed method can facilitate the collection of small‐signal data and promote its analysis, thereby contributing to the development of various fields.
Les projets « art et science », de puissants outils de médiation scientifique : Donvor, une immersion poétique dans les abysses
Authors: Sarrazin Jozée , Cloarec Thomas , Wahl David , Sarradin Pierre-Marie 
Published: August 2023

Le projet Donvor questionne l’importance d’une collaboration entre scientifiques et artistes pour susciter un dialogue entre science, art et société sur des sujets d’actualité : l’environnement, l’écologie, la transition énergétique. Ce projet est le résultat d’une expérience au long cours entre deux scientifiques de l’Ifremer, un auteur et plusieurs artistes de Teatr Piba autour d’une thématique commune : les écosystèmes marins profonds et les enjeux autour de l’exploitation potentielle de leurs ressources minérales. Il s’est articulé autour d’immersions réciproques. Cet article traite de la genèse de ce projet, de sa méthodologie, des résultats obtenus et analyse l’approche toute particulière qui a été mise en œuvre. Enfin, il cherche à comprendre comment ces approches « art et science » sont de réels déclencheurs de dialogue et, de ce fait, de puissants outils de médiation scientifique.
Quenching of a no-insulation high-temperature superconducting magnet
Authors: Ahn Moohyun , Yang Byeongsu , Lee Youngjae , Yoon Hojin , Park Heejun , Kim DongLak , Yoo Jonghee 
Published: August 2023

We report details on the quenching incident of an 18 T high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet, which occurred in December 2020. It has been received that the no-insulation (NI) design of an HTS magnet is relatively safe in quenching. However, the NI design could not completely prevent the magnet from quenching and damaging the associated system. Due to significant vibrations and fast energy dissipation during quenching, the magnet and the detector components are seriously damaged. The manufacturer inspected the magnet after the incident and repaired it in the spring of 2021. The magnet showed stable and consistent performance after the repair. It is evident that the NI-HTS magnet still requires quench protection circuits to secure the magnet and associated system.
Accurate determination of stiffness and strength of graphene via AFM-based membrane deflection
Authors: Bahrami Farzaneh , Malik Mohammad W , Van Loock Frederik , Raskin Jean-Pierre , Pardoen Thomas , Nysten Bernard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Young’s modulus and fracture strength of single and bilayer graphene (BLGr) grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were determined using atomic force microscopy-based membrane deflection experiments. The uncertainty resulting from instrument calibration and the errors due to the experimental conditions like tip wear, loading position, and sample preparation were investigated to estimate the accuracy of the method. The theoretical estimation of the uncertainty on the Young’s modulus linked to the calibration is around 16%. Finite element simulations were performed to determine the effects of membrane shape and loading position on the extraction of the Young’s modulus. Off-centre loading results in the overestimation of the Young’s modulus while deviation from the circular shape leads to an underestimation of the stiffness. The simulated results were compared with experiments. With all these sources of errors taken into account, the Young’s modulus and fracture strength of CVD-grown single layer graphene are found equal to 0.88 ± 0.14 TPa and 134 ± 16 GPa, respectively. For CVD BLGr, the mean values of the Young’s modulus and fracture strength are equal to 0.70 ± 0.11 TPa and 95 ± 11 GPa, respectively.
Rapid retrieval of femtosecond and attosecond pulses from streaking traces using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Hajivassiliou G , Kassapis M , Tisch J W G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Attosecond streaking is a powerful and versatile technique that allows the full-field characterisation of femtosecond to attosecond optical pulses. It has been instrumental in the verification of attosecond pulse generation and probing of ultrafast dynamics in matter. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been applied to retrieve the fields from streaking data (White and Chang 2019 Opt. Express
27 4799; Zhu et al 2020 Sci. Rep.
10 5782; Brunner et al 2022 Opt. Express
30 15669–84). This offers a number of advantages compared with traditional iterative algorithms, including faster processing and better resilience to noise. Here, we implement a ML approach based on convolutional neural networks and limit the search to physically realistic pulses that can be specified with a small number of parameters. This leads to substantial reductions in both training and retrieval times, enabling near kHz retrieval rates. We examine how the retrieval performance is affected by noise, and for the first time in this context, study the effect of missing data. We show that satisfactory retrievals are still possible with signal to noise ratios as low as 10, and with up to

40
%

of data missing.