bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung von innovativen Faserverbundantriebswellen in Hybridbauweise – Funktionsintegration und Leichtbau über neuartige Materialkombinationen
Authors: Rayer Moritz , Wilkowski Moritz , Schiffers Reinhard , Stephan Jens 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird Einblick in die Produktentwicklung einer neuartigen Faserverbundantriebswelle in Leichtbauweise gegeben. Durch eine hybride Bauweise aus Faserverbundkunststoffen und technischen Elastomeren wird die Spannungsführung in den lasttragenden Faserverbundbereichen optimiert. Über die bauartbedingte Funktionsintegration von Verlagerungskapazitäten sowie einer hohen Torsionselastizität, bildet die Antriebswelle zudem integrativ Eigenschaften elastischer Kupplungen ab. Dies ermöglicht die Reduktion des Bauraums, der Komponentenanzahl und der Masse des gesamten Antriebsstrangsystems. Der Einsatz der neuartigen Hybridmaterialarchitektur stellt die Produktentwicklung jedoch vor neue Herausforderungen. Insbesondere das Stabilitäts- und Langzeitverhalten wurde bislang nicht umfassend erforscht. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Technologieentwicklung auf Basis von anwendungsgerechten Simulations- und Prüfmethoden vor. Der Fokus liegt auf der experimentellen Konzeptvalidierung, welche durch den Einsatz von optischer Deformationsmesstechnik unterstützt wurde. An Funktionsprototypen wurden Torsionssteifigkeiten und das Stabilitätsverhalten unter hohen Lasten gemessen und Simulationsergebnissen gegenübergestellt. Weiterhin wurde das Langzeit- und Ermüdungsverhalten untersucht, um die Material- und Bauteileigenschaften unter hohen statischen und zyklischen Lasten zu charakterisieren. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wurden Potenziale in der Produktentwicklung sowie in der Prüftechnik identifiziert.
Engineering-geological modeling for supporting local seismic response studies: insights from the 3D model of the subsoil of Rieti (Italy)
Authors: Antonielli Benedetta , Iannucci Roberto , Ciampi Paolo , Martino Salvatore , Marchetti Domenico , Giudici Federico , Scarascia Mugnozza Gabriele , Bozzano Francesca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA high-resolution 3D engineering-geological model of the subsoil can be derived by integrating stratigraphic and geophysical data in order to represent reliably the geological setting, and therefore support several geological studies such as local seismic response analyses. In this study, we show how an accurate 3D engineering-geological model suggests the proper seismic response modeling approach (1D or 2D) in a peculiar and complex geological context, such as the historical city center of Rieti (Italy), selected as test site, and characterized by important lateral heterogeneities between stiff travertine and alluvial soft deposits. The proposed methodology involves three steps: (i) conceptual geological modelling, obtained from data and maps of literature; (ii) engineering-geological modeling, validated through geophysical data; and (iii) a 3D model restitution achieved by a geodatabase (built basing on the previous steps), that collects, stores, reliably represents, and integrates properly the geospatial data. The analysis of seismic ambient noise measurements specifically available for the study area allowed to infer the shear wave velocity value for each lithotecnical unit and to retrieve some additional stratigraphies. These synthetic log stratigraphies allowed to improve the detail of the geodatabase and therefore a more accurate 3D geological model. Such a reliable engineering-geological model of the subsoil is required to perform a site-specific seismic response characterization which is a fundamental tool in the framework of seismic risk management.
Optimisation of drawdowns by generalised reinsurance in the classical risk model
Authors: Brinker Leonie Violetta , Schmidli Hanspeter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a Cramér–Lundberg model representing the surplus of an insurance company under a general reinsurance control process. We aim to minimise the expected time during which the surplus is bounded away from its own running maximum by at least$$d>0$$d>0(discounted at a preference rate$$\delta >0$$δ>0) by choosing a reinsurance strategy. By analysing the drawdown process (i.e. the absolute distance of the controlled surplus model to its maximum) directly, we prove that the value function fulfils the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and show how one can calculate the value function and the optimal strategy. If the initial drawdown is critically large, the problem corresponds to the maximisation of the Laplace transform of a passage time. We show that a constant retention level is optimal. If the drawdown is smaller thand, the problem can be expressed as an element of a set of Gerber–Shiu optimisation problems. We show how these problems can be solved and that the optimal strategy is of feedback form. We illustrate the theory by examples of the cases of light and heavy tailed claims.
Solving a maritime inventory routing problem under uncertainty using optimization and simulation
Authors: Nikolaisen Jørgen Bjaarstad , Vågen Sofie Smith , Schütz Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe problem studied in this paper is inspired by one of the world’s largest producers of aluminium. The company produces alumina in South America that needs to be transported to aluminium production plants along the west coast of Norway. The problem is to determine the optimal shipping plan that satisfies the production plants’ alumina demand at minimum cost while satisfying requirements on inventory levels. Both departure time from the loading ports and sailing times are subject to uncertainty. We present a combined optimization and simulation framework for solving this maritime inventory routing problem under uncertainty. We solve the problem heuristically with an iterative solution approach that combines optimization with simulation: In phase 1 of our approach we solve a deterministic optimization model to generate a candidate solution. The performance of this solution is then evaluated in phase 2 by a simulation over a set of realizations of the uncertain parameters, resulting in an expected cost of uncertainty for this solution. The expected cost of uncertainty is then included in the phase 1 model and associated with the simulated solution, before the model is solved again. This process is repeated until no new solution is found. We apply this approach to a case based on real-world data. The results show that our approach finds solutions that perform considerably better under uncertainty than solutions resulting from a purely deterministic planning approach.
Optimization of mixture models on time series networks encoded by visibility graphs: an analysis of the US electricity market
Authors: Mari Carlo , Baldassari Cristiano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a fully unsupervised network-based methodology for estimating Gaussian Mixture Models on financial time series by maximum likelihood using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Visibility graph-structured information of observed data is used to initialize the algorithm. The proposed methodology is applied to the US wholesale electricity market. We will demonstrate that encoding time series through Visibility Graphs allows us to capture the behavior of the time series and the nonlinear interactions between observations well. The results reveal that the proposed methodology outperforms more established approaches.
Perishable inventories with random input: a unifying survey with extensions
Authors: Boxma Onno , Perry David , Stadje Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the theory of perishable inventory systems. In such systems items arrive and stay ‘on the shelf’ until they are either taken by a demand or become outdated. Our aim is to survey, extend and enrich the probabilistic analysis of a large class of such systems. A unifying principle is to consider the so-called virtual outdating process $$\textbf{V}$$
V
, where V(t) is the time that would pass from t until the next outdating if no new demands arrived after t. The steady-state density of $$\textbf{V}$$
V
is determined for a wide range of perishable inventory systems. Key performance measures like the rate of outdatings, the rate of unsatisfied demands and the distribution of the number of items on the shelf are subsequently expressed in that density. Some of the main ingredients of our analysis are level crossing theory and the observation that the $$\textbf{V}$$
V
process can be interpreted as the workload process of a specific single server queueing system.
A novel way for vibration control of FGM fluid-conveying pipes via NiTiNOL-steel wire rope
Authors: Zang Jian , Xiao Ronghuan , Zhang Yewei , Chen Liqun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a coupling model of fluid-conveying pipes made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) with NiTiNOL-steel (NiTi-ST) for vibration absorption is investigated. The vibration responses of the FGM fluid-conveying pipe with NiTi-ST are studied by the Galerkin truncation method (GTM) and harmonic balance method (HBM). The harmonic balance solutions and the numerical results are consistent. Also, the linearized stability of the structure is determined. The effects of the structure parameters on the absorption performance are also studied. The results show that the NiTi-ST is an effective means of vibration absorption. Furthermore, in studying the effect of the NiTi-ST, a closed detached response (CDR) is first observed. It is noteworthy that the CDR may dramatically change the vibration amplitude and that the parameters of the NiTi-ST may determine the emergence or disappearance of the CDR. This vibration absorption device can be extended to offer more general vibration control in engineering applications.
Prognostic implications of left ventricular inward displacement assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Nabeta Takeru , Meucci Maria Chiara , Westenberg Jos J.M. , Reiber Johan HC , Knuuti Juhani , van der Bijl Pieter , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRisk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) still depends mainly on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). LV inward displacement (InD) is a novel parameter of LV systolic function, derived from feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of InD in patients with IHD and prior myocardial infarction. A total of 111 patients (mean age 57 ± 10, 86% male) with a history of myocardial infarction who underwent CMR were included. LV InD was quantified by measuring the displacement of endocardially tracked points towards the centreline of the LV during systole with feature tracking CMR. The endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization and arrhythmic events. During a median follow-up of 142 (IQR 107–159) months, 31 (27.9%) combined events occurred. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with LV InD below the study population median value (23.0%) had a significantly lower event-free survival (P < 0.001). LV InD remained independently associated with outcomes (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.98, P = 0.010) on multivariate Cox regression analysis. InD also provided incremental prognostic value to LVEF, LV global radial strain and CMR scar burden. LV InD, measured with feature tracking CMR, was independently associated with outcomes in patients with IHD and prior myocardial infarction. LV InD also provided incremental prognostic value, in addition to LVEF and LV global radial strain. LV InD holds promise as a pragmatic imaging biomarker for post-infarct risk stratification.
Multi-view carotid ultrasound is stronger associated with cardiovascular risk factors than presence of plaque or single carotid intima media thickness measurements in subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Bengtsson Anna , Nyman Emma , Grönlund Christer , Wester Per , Näslund Ulf , Fhärm Eva , Norberg Margareta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe aimed to explore the prevalence of atherosclerosis by using multi-view ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries and its association with clinical risk factors in a middle-aged population at low to intermediate risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid vascular ultrasound was performed in 3532 participants in the VIPVIZA trial. Mean and maximal carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) at prespecified angles and plaque presence were examined on the left and right side. Associations between CVD risk factors and ultrasound variables were quantified by partial least squares (PLS) regression. A combined ultrasound variable was computed using weights of the first PLS component. Associations between CVD risk factors and the combined multi-view ultrasound variable, single cIMT and plaque measurements, respectively, were determined using linear regression modelling. The participants’ mean age was 55.7 years and 52.9% were women. Plaque prevalence was 51.1% in men and 39.0% in women. cIMT was higher in men than in women and in the left compared with the right carotid artery. The strongest association of CVD risk factors was observed with the combined multi-view ultrasound variable (R2 = 24%), compared with single cIMT variables (R2 = 14–18%) and plaque presence (R2 = 15%). The pattern was similar in both sexes. The association with CVD risk factors and the combined ultrasound variable was stronger in 40-year olds (R2 = 22%) compared with 50- or 60-year olds (R = 12%). CVD risk factors are stronger associated with a combined ultrasound variable than plaque presence or single cIMT measures suggesting that carotid multi-view ultrasonography better captures the focality of early atherosclerosis.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01849575. May 8, 2013.
Spatio-temporal distribution of water and phosphorus determine growth of sorghum genotypes with contrasting nodal root angle
Authors: van der Bom Frederik , Williams Alwyn , Raymond Nelly , Sulman Richard , McLean Greg , Bell Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims

Increased subsoil water extraction through breeding of ‘designer’ root system architecture (RSA) may improve crop performance and resilience in the face of climate change (i.e. changing seasonal rainfall patterns). However, in many dryland environments, root systems face both water and nutrient scarcity (e.g. phosphorus (P)), with both resources often heterogeneously distributed in space and time. Under these conditions, interactions among RSA, nutrient distribution and soil water will determine crop performance, but remain poorly understood.

Methods
We grew two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes defined by contrasting RSA (narrow or wide nodal root angle) in prepared soil cores with heterogeneous distributions of P and water along the soil profile. Plant growth and water use, shoot biomass, P uptake and root distribution were quantified in response to the different water × P combinations.

Results
Soil P placement and soil water distribution interactively determined plant growth and development in a genotype-dependent manner. The two sorghum genotypes shared common responses to P and water availability though varied for root and shoot traits and their relative responses to combined P and water stress.

Conclusions
Plant responses to the different water × P combinations were illustrative of the occurrence of spatio-temporal trade-offs between root architecture and efficient soil resource capture. The results suggest that the relative ability of crop root systems to effectively exploit soil profiles with greater resource availability will not necessarily be important for crop productivity in heterogeneous soil systems. Local environmental constraints should be considered when deploying genotypes with selected root architectural traits.
Using Motivational Interviewing to Increase HIV PrEP Initiation and Adherence: a Scoping Review
Authors: Dangerfield Derek T. , Davis Gerrin , Pandian Vinciya , Anderson Janeane N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces HIV risk, initiation and adherence remain low among vulnerable communities. Motivational interviewing (MI) can improve HIV prevention behaviors. However, limited research identifies how MI impacts PrEP uptake and adherence. This scoping review examines essential components of MI-based interventions that aimed to improve PrEP use, including the number and duration of sessions, counselor characteristics, and interview content. We searched four databases, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and Web of Science, and reviewed 379 articles. Studies were considered if they (a) were published between 2012 and 2023, (b) used MI independently or part of a multi-component intervention strategy, and (c) focused on improving PrEP initiation or adherence. Seven articles met inclusion criteria. Regarding intervention components, the number of MI sessions varied and duration ranged between 15 and 60 min. MI counselors varied in credentialing and demographic characteristics. MI content included PrEP education, identifying initiation and adherence barriers, and strategizing ways to overcome barriers. MI is an important component of interventions that aim to improve PrEP initiation and adherence. However, the variability and limited details across studies hinder our ability to assess MI efficacy on PrEP initiation and adherence or replicate these approaches in future interventions.
Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries
Authors: Britton J. Robert , Pinder Adrian C. , Alós Josep , Arlinghaus Robert , Danylchuk Andy J. , Edwards Wendy , Freire Kátia M. F. , Gundelund Casper , Hyder Kieran , Jarić Ivan , Lennox Robert , Lewin Wolf-Christian , Lynch Abigail J. , Midway Stephen R. , Potts Warren M. , Ryan Karina L. , Skov Christian , Strehlow Harry V. , Tracey Sean R. , Tsuboi Jun-ichi , Venturelli Paul A. , Weir Jessica L. , Weltersbach Marc Simon , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many jurisdictions implementing orders restricting the movements of people to inhibit virus transmission, with recreational angling often either not permitted or access to fisheries and/or related infrastructure being prevented. Following the lifting of restrictions, initial angler surveys and licence sales suggested increased participation and effort, and altered angler demographics, but with evidence remaining limited. Here, we overcome this evidence gap by identifying temporal changes in angling interest, licence sales, and angling effort in world regions by comparing data in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (up to and including 2019); ‘acute pandemic’ (2020) and ‘COVID-acclimated’ (2021) periods. We then identified how changes can inform the development of more resilient and sustainable recreational fisheries. Interest in angling (measured here as angling-related internet search term volumes) increased substantially in all regions during 2020. Patterns in licence sales revealed marked increases in some countries during 2020 but not in others. Where licence sales increased, this was rarely sustained in 2021; where there were declines, these related to fewer tourist anglers due to movement restrictions. Data from most countries indicated a younger demographic of people who participated in angling in 2020, including in urban areas, but this was not sustained in 2021. These short-lived changes in recreational angling indicate efforts to retain younger anglers could increase overall participation levels, where efforts can target education in appropriate angling practices and create more urban angling opportunities. These efforts would then provide recreational fisheries with greater resilience to cope with future global crises, including facilitating the ability of people to access angling opportunities during periods of high societal stress.
Vulnerabilities in Mental Health due to Covid-19 Pandemic: The Response of the Italian Physicians
Authors: De Rose Alessandra , Arezzo Maria Felice , Amore Mario , Cuomo Alessandro , De Filippis Sergio , La Pia Silvestro , Pasqualini Marta , Pirani Alessandro , Torta Riccardo , Fagiolini Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities in societies. In this paper we analyse the categories that have suffered more than others from the pandemic and the restrictions on social life in terms of mental health. We rely on the Serendipity project based on a survey administered between November 2021 and February 2022 to a sample of Italian physicians (n = 1281). The survey aimed to assess the perception of general practitioners, paediatricians, geriatricians, and mental health specialists (psychiatrists, neurologists, child neuropsychiatrists), about changes in the mental health of the population as an effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown. The strategies implemented by the doctors interviewed in terms of the intensity of the prevention, emergence, and treatment of mental health interventions, and their association with physicians’ characteristics and their opinions on patient vulnerability have been illustrated by means of a multiple correspondence analysis. An overall result of the survey is the consensus of doctors on the worsening of mental health in general population, especially among their patients, due to the pandemic and on the onset of new discomforts. The most exposed individuals to the risk of onset or worsening of mental disorders include women, young people, and patients with psychiatric comorbidity. The paper also illustrates the interventions put in place by the physicians and deemed necessary from a public heath response perspective, that include providing psychoeducation to the general population, improving telehealth services, and increasing financial and human resources for community-based care.
Forecasting Heliospheric CME Solar-Wind Parameters Using the UCSD Time-Dependent Tomography and ISEE Interplanetary Scintillation Data: The 10 March 2022 CME
Authors: Jackson Bernard V. , Tokumaru Munetoshi , Iwai Kazumasa , Bracamontes Matthew T. , Buffington Andrew , Fujiki Ken’ichi , Murakami Go , Heyner Daniel , Sanchez-Cano Beatriz , Rojo Mathias , Aizawa Sae , Andre Nicolas , Barthe Alain , Penou Emmanuel , Fedorov Andrei , Sauvaud Jean-Andre , Yokota Shoichiro , Saito Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRemotely sensed interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data from the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Japan, allows a determination of solar-wind parameters throughout the inner heliosphere. We show the 3D analysis technique developed for these data sets that forecast plasma velocity, density, and component magnetic fields at Earth, as well at the other inner heliospheric planets and spacecraft. One excellent coronal mass ejection (CME) example that occurred on the 10 March 2022 was viewed not only in the ISEE IPS analyses, but also by the spacecraft near Earth that measured the CME arrival at one AU. Solar Orbiter, that was nearly aligned along the Earth radial at 0.45 AU, also measured the CME in plasma density, velocity, and magnetic field. BepiColombo at 0.42 AU was also aligned with the STEREO A spacecraft, and viewed this CME. The instruments used here from BepiColombo include: 1) the European-Space-Agency Mercury-Planetary-Orbiter magnetic field measurements; 2) the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Mio spacecraft Solar Particle Monitor that viewed the CME Forbush decrease, and the Mercury Plasma Experiment/Mercury Electron Analyzer instruments that measured particles and solar-wind density from below the spacecraft protective sunshield covering. This article summarizes the analysis using ISEE, Japan real-time data for these forecasts: it provides a synopsis of the results and confirmation of the CME event morphology after its arrival, and discusses how future IPS analyses can augment these results.