bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolating the Surface Type Influence on Arctic Low‐Clouds
Authors: Taylor Patrick C. , Monroe Emily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInteractions between sea ice and clouds represent a mechanism through which sea ice influences climate. We composite cloud properties for ice‐free, marginal ice zone (MIZ), and ice‐covered surfaces during MIZ crossing events to analyze the cloud property differences between surface types. Restricting the analysis to MIZ crossing events enables the isolation of the sea ice effect on clouds from meteorological factors. We find larger cloud fraction (CF) and total water concentration below ∼1.5 km over ice‐free relative to ice‐covered surfaces during non‐summer months. During summer, the results suggest larger CF and total water concentration over ice‐free surfaces, however differences do not exceed observational uncertainty. Cloud property differences are linked to atmospheric thermodynamic profile differences, namely ice‐free surfaces are warmer, moister, less stable, and have more positive surface turbulent fluxes than ice‐covered surfaces. Ice‐free minus ice‐covered cloud property differences scale with surface temperature differences and are only found in the presence of a surface temperature difference. Our results suggest a 0.02 CF and 0.005 g m−3 total water concentration increase (∼5%) at the level of maximum CF between 2000 and 2021 due to the observed Arctic sea ice decline in fall, corresponding to ∼2 W m−2 increase in the net surface radiative flux. Our results support a positive sea ice‐cloud radiative feedback in fall and winter and a negative sea ice‐cloud radiative feedback in spring. We propose an updated conceptual model where the average surface type influence on cloud properties is mediated by surface temperature differences between ice‐free and ice‐covered surfaces.
Microbial Models for Simulating Soil Carbon Dynamics: A Review
Authors: Chandel Aneesh Kumar , Jiang Lifen , Luo Yiqi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoils store the largest amount of carbon (C) in the biosphere, and the C pool in soil is critical to the global C balance. Numerous microbial models have been developed over the last few decades to represent microbial processes that regulate the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to climate change. However, the representation of microbial processes varies, and how microbial processes are incorporated into SOC models has not been well explored. Here, we reviewed 71 microbial models to characterize the microbial processes incorporated into SOC models and analyzed variations in mechanistic complexity. We revealed that (a) four processes (microbial‐mediated decomposition, mineral interaction, microbial necromass recycling, and active and dormant microbial dynamics) are commonly incorporated in microbial models, (b) ∼48% of models simulate only one microbial process (i.e., microbial‐mediated decomposition) and 35% of models simulate two microbial processes: for example, microbial‐mediated decomposition and mineral interaction, (c) more than 80% microbial models use nonlinear equations, such as forward Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, to represent SOC decomposition, (d) the concept of persistence of SOC due to its intrinsic properties has been replaced by organo‐mineral interaction (∼39% of microbial models) that protects SOC from decomposition, and (e) various temperature and moisture modifiers and pH effects have been used to explain the environmental effect on microbial processes. In the future, to realistically incorporate microbial processes into Earth System Models, it is imperative to identify experimental evidence on rate limitation processes and firmly ground model structure on the field and laboratory data.
Patterns of Wetland Hydrologic Connectivity Across Coastal‐Plain Wetlandscapes
Authors: Lee Esther , Epstein Joshua M. , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDepressional wetlands influence the functions of wetlandscapes by storing and releasing water, providing critical habitat, amplifying carbon and nutrient cycling, and influencing microclimate. Despite persistent subsurface connectivity, depressional wetlands are surrounded by uplands so only sporadically connect via surface pathways. However, the frequency, duration, and relative importance of surface connectivity in depressional wetlands remains poorly understood, limiting quantification of their landscape functions. Using multiple years of stage variation in 67 depressional wetlands across four contrasting wetlandscapes, we observed wetland spill elevation is exceeded 10%–40% of the time, with substantial variation within and between wetlandscapes. Moreover, surface connectivity increased water loss rates by 200%–350% on a depth basis and 350%–850% on a volumetric basis compared with subsurface water loss rates. This temporally disproportionate water export suggests that short‐lived surface connectivity is crucial for aggregate landscape export of water‐borne materials and numerous hydrologic and habitat services. Contrasting water loss rates above and below spill thresholds create homeostatic feedback that stabilizes water levels near the thresholds. We explored geomorphic, climatic, and vegetative influences on hydrologic connectivity, quantified as nighttime recession rates below the spill threshold for groundwater connectivity and percent time above thresholds for surface connectivity. Groundwater connectivity was consistently greater in deeper wetlands and wetlandscape identity was the primary factor explaining variation in surface and subsurface connectivity. Our results highlight the critical role of surface connectivity in coastal plain wetlands, illustrate the heterogeneity of those wetland functions within and across wetlandscapes, and provide hydrologic benchmarks for evaluating restoration of aggregate landscape functions.
Olfactory modulation of stress-response neural circuits
Authors: Shin Min-Gi , Bae Yiseul , Afzal Ramsha , Kondoh Kunio , Lee Eun Jeong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStress responses, which are crucial for survival, are evolutionally conserved throughout the animal kingdom. The most common endocrine axis among stress responses is that triggered by corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons (CRHNs) in the hypothalamus. Signals of various stressors are detected by different sensory systems and relayed through individual neural circuits that converge on hypothalamic CRHNs to initiate common stress hormone responses. To investigate the neurocircuitry mechanisms underlying stress hormone responses induced by a variety of stressors, researchers have recently developed new approaches employing retrograde transsynaptic viral tracers, providing a wealth of information about various types of neural circuits that control the activity of CRHNs in response to stress stimuli. Here, we review earlier and more recent findings on the stress neurocircuits that converge on CRHNs, focusing particularly on olfactory systems that excite or suppress the activities of CRHNs and lead to the initiation of stress responses. Because smells are arguably the most important signals that enable animals to properly cope with environmental changes and survive, unveiling the regulatory mechanisms by which smells control stress responses would provide broad insight into how stress-related environmental cues are perceived in the animal brain.
Intermittent colonic exoperistalsis for chronic constipation in spinal cord-injured individuals. A long-term structured patient feedback survey to evaluate home care use
Authors: Bremer Jana , Bremer Jörn , König Maike , Koßmehl Peter , Kurze Ines , Obereisenbuchner Jeannette , Weinschenk Elisabeth , Herrero-Fresneda Immaculada 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Study design
Structured patient feedback survey evaluating real-world home care use.

Objectives
To assess the long-term effectiveness, tolerability, and satisfaction with the intermittent colonic exoperistalsis (ICE) treatment device MOWOOT in spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals with chronic constipation.

Setting
Four specialized German hospitals.

Methods
SCI individuals with chronic constipation were invited to use MOWOOT 10–20 min daily and answer a questionnaire about their bowel situation before treatment (feedback 1, F1) and after ≥10 months of use (feedback 2, F2). Collected variables were device use, bowel function effectiveness, chronic constipation symptoms, concomitant use of laxatives and evacuation aids, and satisfaction with bowel function and management, which were compared between time points. At F2, participants reported efficacy, tolerability/side effects, and ease of use.

Results
Eleven participants used the device for a mean (SD) of 13.27 (4.03) months. From F1 to F2, mean time per evacuation decreased by 24.5 min (p = 0.0076) and the number of failed attempts to evacuate/week, by 1.05 (p = 0.0354) with a tendency toward increased bowel movements and softer stool consistency, and decreased incomplete bowel movements. Participants experienced decreased difficulty/strain (p = 0.0055), abdominal pain (p = 0.0230), bloating (p = 0.0010), abdominal cramps (p = 0.0019), and spasms (p = 0.0198), without significant changes in the use of laxatives and evacuation aids. Satisfaction with bowel function and management improved (p = 0.0095) and more participants reported being very satisfied/satisfied (p = 0.0300). Most reported tolerability, efficacy, and ease of use as very good/good.

Conclusion
Long-term in-home ICE treatment improved bowel function and chronic constipation symptoms in SCI individuals, providing clinical benefits to this population.

Sponsorship (MOWOOT devices lending)
4 M Medical GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany.
Electrosynthesis of ethylene glycol from C1 feedstocks in a flow electrolyzer
Authors: Xia Rong , Wang Ruoyu , Hasa Bjorn , Lee Ahryeon , Liu Yuanyue , Ma Xinbin , Jiao Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEthylene glycol is a widely utilized commodity chemical, the production of which accounts for over 46 million tons of CO2 emission annually. Here we report a paired electrocatalytic approach for ethylene glycol production from methanol. Carbon catalysts are effective in reducing formaldehyde into ethylene glycol with a 92% Faradaic efficiency, whereas Pt catalysts at the anode enable formaldehyde production through methanol partial oxidation with a 75% Faradaic efficiency. With a membrane-electrode assembly configuration, we show the feasibility of ethylene glycol electrosynthesis from methanol in a single electrolyzer. The electrolyzer operates a full cell voltage of 3.2 V at a current density of 100 mA cm−2, with a 60% reduction in energy consumption. Further investigations, using operando flow electrolyzer mass spectroscopy, isotopic labeling, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicate that the desorption of a *CH2OH intermediate is the crucial step in determining the selectively towards ethylene glycol over methanol.
Rapid gene content turnover on the germline-restricted chromosome in songbirds
Authors: Schlebusch Stephen A. , Rídl Jakub , Poignet Manon , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J. , Reif Jiří , Pajer Petr , Pačes Jan , Albrecht Tomáš , Suh Alexander , Reifová Radka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of songbirds represents a taxonomically widespread example of programmed DNA elimination. Despite its apparent indispensability, we still know very little about the GRC’s genetic composition, function, and evolutionary significance. Here we assemble the GRC in two closely related species, the common and thrush nightingale. In total we identify 192 genes across the two GRCs, with many of them present in multiple copies. Interestingly, the GRC appears to be under little selective pressure, with the genetic content differing dramatically between the two species and many GRC genes appearing to be pseudogenized fragments. Only one gene, cpeb1, has a complete coding region in all examined individuals of the two species and shows no copy number variation. The acquisition of this gene by the GRC corresponds with the earliest estimates of the GRC origin, making it a good candidate for the functional indispensability of the GRC in songbirds.
Partition complex structure can arise from sliding and bridging of ParB dimers
Authors: Connolley Lara , Schnabel Lucas , Thanbichler Martin , Murray Seán M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn many bacteria, chromosome segregation requires the association of ParB to the parS-containing centromeric region to form the partition complex. However, the structure and formation of this complex have been unclear. Recently, studies have revealed that CTP binding enables ParB dimers to slide along DNA and condense the centromeric region through the formation of DNA bridges. Using semi-flexible polymer simulations, we demonstrate that these properties can explain partition complex formation. Transient ParB bridges organize DNA into globular states or hairpins and helical structures, depending on bridge lifetime, while separate simulations show that ParB sliding reproduces the multi-peaked binding profile observed in Caulobacter crescentus. Combining sliding and bridging into a unified model, we find that short-lived ParB bridges do not impede sliding and can reproduce both the binding profile and condensation of the nucleoprotein complex. Overall, our model elucidates the mechanism of partition complex formation and predicts its fine structure.
Topological solitonic macromolecules
Authors: Zhao Hanqing , Malomed Boris A. , Smalyukh Ivan I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeing ubiquitous, solitons have particle-like properties, exhibiting behaviour often associated with atoms. Bound solitons emulate dynamics of molecules, though solitonic analogues of polymeric materials have not been considered yet. Here we experimentally create and model soliton polymers, which we call “polyskyrmionomers”, built of atom-like individual solitons characterized by the topological invariant representing the skyrmion number. With the help of nonlinear optical imaging and numerical modelling based on minimizing the free energy, we reveal how topological point defects bind the solitonic quasi-atoms into polyskyrmionomers, featuring linear, branched, and other macromolecule-resembling architectures, as well as allowing for encoding data by spatial distributions of the skyrmion number. Application of oscillating electric fields activates diverse modes of locomotion and internal vibrations of these self-assembled soliton structures, which depend on symmetry of the solitonic macromolecules. Our findings suggest new designs of soliton meta matter, with a potential for the use in fundamental research and technology.
AI powered, automated discovery of polymer membranes for carbon capture
Authors: Giro Ronaldo , Hsu Hsianghan , Kishimoto Akihiro , Hama Toshiyuki , Neumann Rodrigo F. , Luan Binquan , Takeda Seiji , Hamada Lisa , Steiner Mathias B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe generation of molecules with artificial intelligence (AI) or, more specifically, machine learning (ML), is poised to revolutionize materials discovery. Potential applications range from development of potent drugs to efficient carbon capture and separation technologies. However, existing computational discovery frameworks for polymer membranes lack automated training data creation, generative design, and physical performance validation at meso-scale where complex properties of amorphous materials emerge. The methodological gaps are less relevant to the ML design of individual molecules such as the monomers which constitute the building blocks of polymers. Here, we report automated discovery of complex materials through inverse molecular design which is informed by meso-scale target features and process figures-of-merit. We have explored the multi-scale discovery regime by computationally generating and validating hundreds of polymer candidates designed for application in post-combustion carbon dioxide filtration. Specifically, we have validated each discovery step, from training dataset creation, via graph-based generative design of optimized monomer units, to molecular dynamics simulation of gas permeation through the polymer membranes. For the latter, we have devised a representative elementary volume (REV) enabling permeability simulations at about 1000× the volume of an individual, ML-generated monomer, obtaining quantitative agreement. The discovery-to-validation time per polymer candidate is on the order of 100 h using one CPU and one GPU, offering a computational screening alternative prior to lab validation.
Pit growth kinetics in aluminum: effects of salt loading and relative humidity
Authors: Noell Philip J. , Pham Benjamin T. , Campbell Ian , Donohoe Brendan , Maestas Demitri , Schindelholz Eric J. , Melia Michael A. , Katona Ryan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe growth kinetics of localized corrosion, e.g. pits, in corrosive environments often controls the service life of metallic components. Yet, our understanding of these kinetics is largely based on coupon-level, e.g. mass-loss, studies which provide limited insights into the evolution of individual damage events. It is critical to relate observed cumulative loss trends, such as links between changing humidity and mass loss rates, to the growth kinetics of individual pits. Towards this goal, we leverage in-situ X-ray computed tomography to measure the growth rates of over sixty pits in aluminum in four different humid, chloride environments over ≈3 days of exposure. Pit growth rates and final volumes increased with increasing droplet volume, which was observed to increase with increasing humidity and salt loading. Two factors, droplet spreading and oxide jacking, dramatically increased pit growth rates and final volumes.
A chromosome-level reference genome assembly of the Reeve’s moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii)
Authors: Zhang Kai , Huang Yu , Zhang Yuxuan , Liang Rishen , Li Qingqing , Li Ruihan , Zhao Xiaomeng , Bian Chao , Chen Yongnan , Wu Jinhui , Shi Qiong , Lin Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to potentially hostile behaviors and elusive habitats, moray eels (Muraenidae) as one group of apex predators in coral reefs all across the globe have not been well investigated. Here, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly for the representative Reeve’s moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii). This haplotype genome assembly is 2.17 Gb in length, and 97.87% of the sequences are anchored into 21 chromosomes. It contains 56.34% repetitive sequences and 23,812 protein-coding genes, of which 96.77% are functionally annotated. This sequenced marine species in Anguilliformes makes a good complement to the genetic resource of eel genomes. It not only provides a genetic resource for in-depth studies of the Reeve’s moray eel, but also enables deep-going genomic comparisons among various eels.
Multimodal neuroimaging data from a 5-week heart rate variability biofeedback randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yoo Hyun Joo , Nashiro Kaoru , Min Jungwon , Cho Christine , Mercer Noah , Bachman Shelby L. , Nasseri Padideh , Dutt Shubir , Porat Shai , Choi Paul , Zhang Yong , Grigoryan Vardui , Feng Tiantian , Thayer Julian F. , Lehrer Paul , Chang Catie , Stanley Jeffrey A. , Head Elizabeth , Rouanet Jeremy , Marmarelis Vasilis Z. , Narayanan Shrikanth , Wisnowski Jessica , Nation Daniel A. , Mather Mara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present data from the Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Regulation (HRV-ER) randomized clinical trial testing effects of HRV biofeedback. Younger (N = 121) and older (N = 72) participants completed baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including T1-weighted, resting and emotion regulation task functional MRI (fMRI), pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). During fMRI scans, physiological measures (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and end-tidal CO2) were continuously acquired. Participants were randomized to either increase heart rate oscillations or decrease heart rate oscillations during daily sessions. After 5 weeks of HRV biofeedback, they repeated the baseline measurements in addition to new measures (ultimatum game fMRI, training mimicking during blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and PCASL fMRI). Participants also wore a wristband sensor to estimate sleep time. Psychological assessment comprised three cognitive tests and ten questionnaires related to emotional well-being. A subset (N = 104) provided plasma samples pre- and post-intervention that were assayed for amyloid and tau. Data is publicly available via the OpenNeuro data sharing platform.
Coordination of canonical and noncanonical Hedgehog signalling pathways mediated by WDR11 during primordial germ cell development
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Kim Yeonjoo , Ataliotis Paris , Kim Hyung-Goo , Kim Dae-Won , Bennett Dorothy C. , Brown Nigel A. , Layman Lawrence C. , Kim Soo-Hyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWDR11, a gene associated with Kallmann syndrome, is important in reproductive system development but molecular understanding of its action remains incomplete. We previously reported that Wdr11-deficient embryos exhibit defective ciliogenesis and developmental defects associated with Hedgehog (HH) signalling. Here we demonstrate that WDR11 is required for primordial germ cell (PGC) development, regulating canonical and noncanonical HH signalling in parallel. Loss of WDR11 disrupts PGC motility and proliferation driven by the cilia-independent, PTCH2/GAS1-dependent noncanonical HH pathway. WDR11 modulates the growth of somatic cells surrounding PGCs by regulating the cilia-dependent, PTCH1/BOC-dependent canonical HH pathway. We reveal that PTCH1/BOC or PTCH2/GAS1 receptor context dictates SMO localisation inside or outside of cilia, respectively, and loss of WDR11 affects the signalling responses of SMO in both situations. We show that GAS1 is induced by PTCH2-specific HH signalling, which is lost in the absence of WDR11. We also provide evidence supporting a role for WDR11 in ciliogenesis through regulation of anterograde intraflagellar transport potentially via its interaction with IFT20. Since WDR11 is a target of noncanonical SMO signalling, WDR11 represents a novel mechanism by which noncanonical and canonical HH signals communicate and cooperate.
Sharing of proximal fibers by the anterolateral and lateral collateral ligaments in the human knee: a cadaveric study
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Raza Khursheed , Krishna Hare , Narayan Ravi K. , Jha Rakesh K. , Kumari Chiman , Asghar Adil , Kumar Tarun , Agrawal Prabhat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiterature is highly inconsistent in describing the proximal attachment of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and its relationship with the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in human knees. This observational study aims to investigate that lacuna. The gross dissection was performed in the lower limbs (n = 83) from the donated adult-age (> 18 years) embalmed cadavers from medical institutions in the north and east India. The dissected knee specimens were first examined macroscopically. Further routine and special staining and microscopic examinations were performed. The ALL was absent in approximately 20.4% of the studied knee specimens (17/83). In remaining, the sharing of ALL and LCL proximal fibers was observed as a consistent finding (~ 97%) with rare exceptions. The mean length of the tibial and meniscal limbs of ALL was 1.57 ± 0.8 cm [Range (R) 0.5–4 cm] and 0.73 ± 0.47 cm [Range (R) 0.1–1.6 cm], respectively. In addition, multiple variations in its presentation were observed. We propose that the proximal sharing of LCL-ALL fibers is a dominant feature in the studied population. The sharing of the fibers may impact the biomechanics and injury mechanisms for both ligaments. The possibility of ethnic variations in the ALL morphology should be a concern during reconstruction surgery.