bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A century of nitrogen dynamics in agricultural watersheds of Denmark
Authors: Dessirier Benoît , Blicher-Mathiesen Gitte , Andersen Hans Estrup , Gustafsson Bo , Müller-Karulis Bärbel , Meter Kimberly Van , Basu Nandita B , Humborg Christoph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intensive agriculture has been linked to increased nitrogen loads and adverse effects on downstream aquatic ecosystems. Sustained large net nitrogen surpluses have been shown in several contexts to form legacies in soil or waters, which delay the effects of reduction measures. In this study, detailed land use and agricultural statistics were used to reconstruct the annual nitrogen surpluses in three agriculture-dominated watersheds of Denmark (600–2700 km2) with well-drained loamy soils. These surpluses and long-term hydrological records were used as inputs to the process model ELEMeNT to quantify the nitrogen stores and fluxes for 1920–2020. A multi-objective calibration using timeseries of river nitrate loads, as well as other non-conventional data sources, allowed to explore the potential of these different data to constrain the nitrogen cycling model. We found the flux-weighted nitrate concentrations in the root zone percolate below croplands, a dataset not commonly used in calibrating watershed models, to be critical in reducing parameter uncertainty. Groundwater nitrate legacies built up in all three studied watersheds during 1950–1990 corresponding to ∼2% of the surplus (or ∼1 kg N ha yr−1) before they went down at a similar rate during 1990–2015. Over the same periods active soil nitrogen legacies first accumulated by approximately 10% of the surplus (∼5 kg N ha yr−1), before undergoing a commensurate reduction. Both legacies appear to have been the drivers of hysteresis in the diffuse load at the catchments’ outlet and hindrances to reaching water quality goals. Results indicate that the low cropland surpluses enforced during 2008–2015 had a larger impact on the diffuse river loads than the European Union’s untargeted grass set-aside policy of 1993–2008. Collectively, the measures of 1990–2015 are estimated to have reset the diffuse load regimes of the watersheds back to the situation prevailing in the 1960s.
High-clearance front driving axle to the cotton-growing tractor
Authors: Akhmetov A A , Kambarov B A , Kholikov B A , Abdullaev S A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The results of research and development and experimental-design activities on creating the front driving axle with an increased agrotechnical clearance for perspective universal cotton cultivating tractor 4K4 are specified in the article. The application of the 4K4 propulsion scheme in the design of a cotton-growing row-crop tractor will ensure aggregation of the main set of machines of the cotton complex with a working width of four or more rows due to increased tractor traction capabilities by 15-18%. At the same time, a decrease in the vertical load on each individual wheel, characteristic of 4K4 tractors, provides better directional stability in the Machine Tractor Unit and safe lateral static stability, and also creates the opportunity for year-round use of the tractor in transportation and field work as well.
The balance of power consumption of the process of grain grinding
Authors: Mamatov F M , Karshiev F U , Borotov A N , Rasulov A D , Shamayev Y J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to determine the power consumption of the process of grain grinding with a grinder. When conducting theoretical studies to determine the amount of energy spent on grinding grain during the operation of the grinder, the physical and mechanical properties of the grain, the parameters and mode of operation of the grinder, the energy consumption to overcome harmful resistances, to grind grain and to discard the crushed mass were taken into account. The technological scheme of the grain grinder is given. A mathematical dependence is proposed to determine the power consumption of the grain grinding process by a grinder. It has been established that the power consumption of a hammer grinder is mainly influenced by the number of hammers, the angular velocity of the hammer, the area of the front part of the hammer, the radius of the grinding chamber, and the physical and mechanical properties of the grain. As a result of the research, graphical dependences of power consumption and productivity on the number of revolutions of the hammer propeller were built.
Determination of the length of the separating parts of the corn harvester cob picking rollers
Authors: Khatamov B A , Temirov S U 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Great efforts are currently being made to establish a solid base for the production of grain along with other agricultural products. One of the most important tasks in agriculture today is to increase the number of cattle and poultry. In the near future it is necessary to create specialized livestock complexes and high-tech poultry farms in each region. As a result of the creation of livestock and poultry farms the demand for corn grain and silage will increase. The efficiency of a corn harvester depends on the capacity of the picking rollers. The article is devoted to the determination of the length of the separating parts of cob picking rollers which will greatly improve the corn harvester.
Control of energy recovery of braking of agricultural machinery
Authors: Barbashov N N , Shanygin S V , Polyantseva A A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Agricultural machines often operate in unsteady modes with alternating acceleration and deceleration. The energy consumption of this class of machines requires a thorough analysis and the development of modern recommendations for improving efficiency. A number of factors influence the economic characteristics of agricultural machines, such as the characteristics of the unsteady mode of operation of agricultural machines, the efficiency of the working machine, engine and transmission mechanism. The first condition for the possibility of increasing the efficiency of agricultural machines in the design process is the choice of an economical engine and a working machine. But this condition is necessary, but insufficient, its fulfillment provides only a potential opportunity to increase efficiency. For the practical realization of this possibility, it is necessary to combine the economical modes of the engine and the working machine by matching their characteristics by selecting the optimal parameters of the transmission mechanism. At present, a new type of hybrid-driven machines has appeared, which makes it possible to increase their efficiency by using the work of braking forces for useful purposes. The method of accumulating the work of braking forces and using this energy in the subsequent process of accelerating the car is very efficient.
The effect of new protective-stimulating complexes based on plant waste on the yield of spring wheat under stressful conditions
Authors: Seregina Inga , Belopukhov Sergey , Trukhachev Vladimir , Dmitrevskaya Inna , Zaytsev Fedor , Ryabov Dmitry , Fomina Tatyana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article describes the effect of new organomineral protective-stimulating complexes based on technical hemp bonfires in various modifications on the yield and realization of elements of potential productivity of spring soft wheat of the Ester variety under optimal growing conditions and under conditions of oxidative stress caused by a violation of water supply. The positive influence of the studied complexes on both the yield of plants and the degree of realization of elements of potential productivity has been revealed.
Optimum factors of a renewable energy plant from poultry organic waste
Authors: Imomov Sh , Usmonov K , Nuritov I , Tagayev V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article presents the parameters of the device for renewable energy from poultry organic waste. The authors describe the experimental device for the anaerobic processing of poultry organic waste and the results of the implementation of the device. Broad considerations about obtaining alternative energy sources if the dilution mode is used for the first time in the device for obtaining biogas from poultry organic waste are given. Anaerobic treatment of poultry organic waste in a bioreactor was used to absorb odorous gases and to analyze the production of biogas at different temperature regimes by the method of dilution.
Methods of determining the amount of harmful particles released into the environment as a result of car tire wear
Authors: Karimova Kamola , Ismayilov Kubaymurot , Shermukhamedov Abdulaziz , Alimova Zebo , Rakhmatov Utkirjon , Kim Kwonse 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article describes determining methods of metal emissions in the composition of small particles coming by brake mechanisms details and tire wear as a result of vehicle movement, and dust to be formed by comparative analysis on asphalt-concrete roads of different compositions. A significant contributor to particulate matter in cities is traffic-related sources. Traffic-related particles can be divided into exhaust particles released by the incomplete combustion of fuel and the volatilization of lubricants during combustion and formed by brake mechanism parts, tire wear and road surface wear, and accumulated due to turbulence caused by road traffic. The method of determining the metal concentration in the formed particles gives information on the physico-chemical properties of the particles.
Obtaining microcrystalline cellulose based on biodamaged wood as a way to improve the sanitary and forest pathological state of forests
Authors: Kaplyov E V , Yurtaeva L V , Marchenko R A , Alashkevich Yu D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper-forming properties of the fibrous suspension and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished types of paper largely depend on the type of initial plant material. Depending on what purpose it is necessary to obtain paper, a composition is made from fibrous semi-finished products of plant origin in various proportions. Basically, paper is produced from two, three, or more fibrous semi-finished products, forming a paper composition according to the type of fibers, and sometimes from one fibrous semi-finished product, suitably prepared for this. The properties of the original fibrous semi-finished products to a large extent affect not only the properties of the finished paper, but also determine the technological mode of their processing. This paper shows the possibility of obtaining cellulose from biodamaged wood. The mechanical strength characteristics of the finished castings are analyzed after grinding the fibrous mass on a knifeless grinding plant of the “jet-barrier” type. The conditions for obtaining microcrystalline cellulose from biodamaged wood are determined.
Meat productivity of bull-calves of the red steppe breed with various methods of keeping
Authors: Sattarov N E , Borotov A N , Choriev R K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of creating an efficiently developing industry of beef cattle breeding. Technical re-equipment and modernization of meat farms, cluster farms and fattening enterprises capable of producing high-quality beef in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan is described. The authors try to solve one of the tasks for increasing production and improving the quality of cattle meat and reducing production costs in the conditions of agricultural organizations that are engaged in beef cattle breeding.
Study of the composition of useful plant extracts
Authors: Usenov A B , Samatova K M , Sultanova Sh A , Safarov J E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article presents research materials on the composition and properties of BAS in water-alcohol extracts of plants. Phenol-accumulating and spicy-aromatic wild plants were used as plant raw materials for obtaining extracts. In this work extracts of wild herbs and fruits among the variety of BAS contained in hydroalcoholic, substances with P-vitamin activity - a complex of monomeric and oligomeric forms of phenolic compounds are of particular scientific and practical importance. Extractions were found to be phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins. The importance of these substances is that the activity of vitamin P is often related to the antioxidant potential of phytocactus.
Analysis of dairy whey food functional modules based on resource-saving technologies
Authors: Ergasheva Z K , Sultanov Sh A , Saparov J E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Whey, which is a by-product of the production of hard, medium and soft cheeses and rennet, is called sweet whey and has a pH of 5.9-6.6. The production of inorganic acid precipitated casein produces an acidic whey with a pH of 4.3-4.6. With an estimated 180 million tonnes in 2021, global whey production contains around 1.5 million tonnes of ever-increasingly expensive protein and 8.6 million tonnes of lactose, an important source of carbohydrates for the world. Recent research shows that whey proteins are arguably the most nutritionally valuable protein available, so it’s not surprising that food manufacturers such as sports, health and baby food are investing heavily in the dairy industry. With a full complement of ‘natural niceties’ in its composition, such as high-fat b-lactoglobulin, the mother’s milk protein equivalent a-lactalbumin, lactoferrin and immunoglobulin, as well as having a precursor substance of probiotic galactooligosaccharides, whey becomes one of the most delightful sources of nutrients available today. Whey makes up about 80-90 % of the total volume of milk processed and contains about 50 % of the nutrients in raw milk: dissolved proteins, lactose, vitamins and minerals.
Research results on underground cotton irrigation through artificial pipes
Authors: Isokova Z X , Valiev B F , Xidirov U X 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article presents the results of laboratory-field tests of a working body that creates an artificial pipe for irrigation of cotton with a row spacing of 60 cm from under the soil. As evaluation criteria, water flow distance and moisture dispersion were taken from inside the formed pipe without spilling onto the field surface. When using this working body, it was found that a pipe with dense walls was formed under the soil with low energy consumption, and water flow was observed for a long distance. Generated to the proximity of the constructed artificial pipes to the cotton roots, the water demand is met quickly and the irrigation time and water consumption are reduced.
Determination of the level of eutrophytion of small rivers in the area of influence of the industrial city
Authors: Ovsyannikova I V , Asfandiyarova L R , Khakimova G V , Luzina M S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article is devoted to studies on the determination of the eutrophication coefficient of the Sterlya River (Republic of Bashkortostan), which were carried out to test the method developed for defining the eutrophication coefficient of surface rivers. The experiment was fulfilled according to the method for determining the toxicity of drinking, ground, surface and waste waters, solutions of chemicals by measuring the germination rate, average length and dry weight of watercress seed sprouts. The results of the studies show that toxic and eutrophying effects on ecosystems occur simultaneously, but in most cases only the effect of toxicity is analyzed.
Development of an automated lighting control system in agricultural premises to save energy resources
Authors: Zakozhurnikov Sergey , Gorshunova Tatiana , Pronina Elena , Raff Oleg 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An automated lighting control system has been developed in the premises used for agricultural needs. An algorithm for the operation of the lighting system is presented. The setup of the light sensor in the OpenHAB is shown. The results of an experimental study are presented. The introduction of the developed control system will lead to saving energy resources and reducing economic costs.
Effect of deformation processes on hydraulic efficiency in open drainages
Authors: Abduraimova D A , Otakhonov M Y , Ibragimova Z I , Allayorova D S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In agriculture based on irrigated farming, the role of drenage networks is important. The variability of seepage water in the season of irrigation and salt washing has a great impact on the technical condition of the collectors. As a result of the leakage of a large amount of groundwater into the drainage, the sidewalls of the drainage fall by sliding, and as a result, the slided soil fills the bottom, which causes a number of negative problems. The main construction parameter of open drainage is the depth and slope coefficient, which ensures the strength of side wall. When the problem was investigated, it became known that the drainage capacity and water transfer capacity decreased as a result of the deformation of the side slopes of the “CK-2-2” inter-farm collector. So, as you can see in the graphs, when the bottom of the ditch rises to 1.2 meters as a result of deformation, the width of the bottom of the drainage increases to 6 meters. Using Darcy’s formula for filtration flow, it was found that the - comparative seepage water in the drainage was reduced from 0.375 L/sec to 0.265 L/sec, i.e. a reduction of 41%. As a result, the depth of the water in the drainage should have decreased, but the depth of the water is reflected growth as reeds and similar plants grow on the bottom and sides of the drainage. According to the results of the calculation, it was found that water permeability of the drainage reduced by up to 30%.
Hydrocarbon exploration technique based on the ratio coefficient measurement of two-frequency amplitudes
Authors: Yanushkevich V F , Dauhiala D A , Adamovich A L , Maladzechkina T V , Vershinin A S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a hydrocarbon field exploration technique based on the ratio coefficient measurement of two-frequency amplitudes. The study establishes electronic plasma resonance frequencies. The anomalous measurement values show a large range when receiving the reflected signal at the station line measurement points. The technique test proved an increase in the accuracy of hydrocarbon field boundaries by 20-30 %. The findings can be implemented in prospecting geophysics to improve the accuracy of hydrocarbon boundaries applying the ratio coefficient measurement of two-frequency amplitudes within a wide frequency range. The study also proved that it is possible to increase the deposits location resolution using the coefficient measurement ratio of three-frequency amplitudes of the range covered.
Extraction of metals with analyzed new reagents foaming agents SK-1, SK-2 from coals
Authors: Yusupov S K , Yusupov F M , Khalilov S U , Baimatova G A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of brown and black coals from the Angren and Shargun deposits of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the results of the research, a number of different non-ferrous and noble metals were revealed in their composition: Tungsten up to 2 wt.% Au, Ag as well as rare earth elements (REE). Methods and techniques have been developed for the extraction of precious metals from coals: Ag, Au and rare earth elements Ge and Sc. Scientists of the laboratory of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry “ChT, PG and Surfactants” synthesized new reagents - blowing agents SK-1, SK-2, which are used in the enrichment and flotation of non-ferrous and noble metal-containing coals. The method developed by us allows the integrated use of natural coal and can solve the important problem of ash and slag waste disposal and significantly reduce emissions of toxic elements into the atmosphere.
Development of an algorithm for wood biomass processing at the stage of logging operations
Authors: Zyryanov Mikhail , Medvedev Sergei , Sergaev Stepan , Nikiforov Anatoly 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the volumes of harvested wood in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The volumes of wood biomass utilized in the cutting area have been calculated. The urgent need for the use of logging waste as an additional raw material in the production of wood chips, softwood and wood flour, as well as wood fiber semi-finished product is discussed. A technological scheme for the processing of individual parts of wood biomass is proposed, which makes it possible to use logging waste as a raw material base. The aim of the work was to develop an algorithm for implementing the proposed scheme. A mathematical method and statistical analysis were used. The developed algorithm clearly demonstrates the possible prospects for the development of such a direction as the processing of waste from logging and woodworking industries. The results of the study allow us to estimate the volume of potentially lost benefits from the processing of logging waste.
Catalytic synthesis of N-substituted allylarylamines
Authors: Luzina Maria , Minibaev Aydar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Some N-substituted allylarylamines, for example, N-(1-methyl-2-butenyl) aniline (N-MBA) form, upon isomerization, not only ortho-, but also para- and 2,6-disubstituted derivatives, which does not fit into generally accepted theory. The amino-Claisen rearrangement (ACR) of N-MBA is catalyzed by Lewis acids, cationites, and arylamine hydrochlorides. This work presents the results of studies of ACR N-MBA in solutions of mineral acids. It was found that the reaction must be carried out in dilute solutions. At H2SO4 concentrations of 0.5 mol/L and below, three parallel reactions are observed with the formation of aniline, 2-(1-methyl-2-butenyl) aniline (2-MBA) and 4-(1-methyl-2-butenyl) aniline (4-MBA). The main product in all cases is 2-MBA, the content of which in the reaction mixture exceeds the amount of 4-MBA and aniline by 7 times, which are formed in approximately equal amounts. Prolonged refluxing of 2-MBA under the reaction conditions does not lead to its isomerization to 4-MBA, i.e., the para-isomer is formed directly from N-MBA. The formation of 2,6-di-(1-methyl-2-butenyl) aniline (DMBA) was not observed. In the presence of palladium catalysts, 2-MBA cyclizes to 2,4-methyl quinoline, which indicates the ortho-arrangement of its substituents; 4-MBA does not cyclize under these conditions. The obtained compounds are of interest in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles and other polyfunctional organic compounds.