bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and morphometry of the ulnar nerve in the forelimb of pigs
Authors: Andreis Felipe Rettore , Metcalfe Benjamin , Janjua Taha Al Muhammadee , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Jensen Winnie , Meijs Suzan , Nielsen Thomas Gomes Nørgaard dos Santos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe knowledge of the morphology and morphometry of peripheral nerves is essential for developing neural interfaces and understanding nerve regeneration in basic and applied research. Currently, the most adopted animal model is the rat, even though recent studies have suggested that the neuroanatomy of large animal models is more comparable to humans. The present knowledge of the morphological structure of large animal models is limited; therefore, the present study aims to describe the morphological characteristics of the Ulnar Nerve (UN) in pigs. UN cross‐sections were taken from seven Danish landrace pigs at three distinct locations: distal UN, proximal UN and at the dorsal cutaneous branch of the UN (DCBUN). The nerve diameter, fascicle diameter and number, number of fibres and fibre size were quantified. The UN diameter was larger in the proximal section compared to the distal segment and the DCBUN. The proximal branch also had a more significant number of fascicles (median: 15) than the distal (median: 10) and the DCBUN (median: 11) segments. Additionally, the mean fascicle diameter was smaller at the DCBUN (mean: 165 μm) than at the distal (mean: 197 μm) and proximal (mean: 199 μm) segments of the UN. Detailed knowledge of the microscopical structure of the UN in pigs is critical for further studies investigating neural interface designs and computational models of the peripheral nervous system.
Curettage and colour—A technique for defining tumour depth on the ear in the Mohs and non‐Mohs setting
Authors: Pagliaro Thomas , Read Jazlyn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor tumours of the ear that are suspected to involve auricular cartilage, precise definition of the extent of involved deep margin can be difficult. As large resections of cartilage can be cosmetically disfiguring with limited repair options, we propose a simple and effective technique to facilitate a targeted deep margin resection using a curette and a surgical marking pen.
More‐than‐“bird”
Authors: Appel Ariel , Bird‐David Nurit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBird language is an emerging practice among nature‐connection enthusiasts in which practitioners strive to comprehend the signals emitted by birds and other nonhuman beings. This practice shares much with contemporary academic interests in more‐than‐human sociality and foregrounds relational ways of knowing. Beyond merely classifying birds as communicative and social beings, the practice of bird language involves cultivating instinctive attentiveness to their presence, subjective faculty, and relatability. Fieldwork among Israeli practitioners illustrates immersive processes of becoming in‐the‐world with others, emphasizing passionate immersion, nonsymbolic interaction, and sensuous experience over detached observation, symbolism, and categorical knowledge. In this process, relationality becomes ingrained, intuitive, and prerational, a disposition of engaging the world by relating rather than classifying. However, we also observe that both relational and categorical modes of attention are temporary, reversible, complementary, and contextual. We argue for more nuanced ethnology of the dynamic interplay between relational and objectivist/categorical modes of attention.
Parenting desire among men who have sex with men in a heteronormative context
Authors: Cilio Simone , d'Arma Alessia , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe desire for parenthood in the LGBT+ community is still a matter of critical debate worldwide.ObjectivesWe aimed to (i) analyse the prevalence of desire for fatherhood in a cohort of white‐European sexually active men who have sex with men and (ii) explore the characteristics of men who have sex with men with respect to those without the desire for fatherhood.Materials and methodsAn anonymous self‐compiled survey with 23 closed socio‐demographic general questions, one section aimed to assess medical history and recreational habits and two sections devoted to investigate genital and sexual health, was provided to each participant. Likewise, all participants were invited to complete a number of questionnaires, including the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire and the Beck Inventory for Depression.ResultsOf 191 men who have sex with men white‐European participants who eventually completed the survey, 112 (58.6%) clearly expressed their desire for fatherhood. Of all, the wish to become a parent was strong in 99 (51.8%) individuals and higher in younger participants (35 [28–46] vs. 43 [32–50] years, p = 0.01). No other significant differences in terms of educational level and relational status were identified between the two groups. Of all, the wish to become a parent was strong in 99 (51.8%) individuals and higher in younger participants (35 [28–46] vs. 43 [32–50] years, p = 0.01).ConclusionCurrent preliminary findings highlight that more than one in two men who have sex with men has a desire for fatherhood, with almost 81% of all having a high desire for fathering, which is clearly more intense in younger men.
A morphometric analysis of the retinal arterioles with adaptive optics imaging in RPE65‐associated retinal dystrophy after treatment with voretigene neparvovec
Authors: Kortuem Friederike C. , Kempf Melanie , Merle David A. , Kuehlewein Laura , Pohl Lisa , Reith Milda , Jung Ronja , Ott Saskia , Stingl Krunoslav , Stingl Katarina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the changes in retinal arterial architecture after treatment with voretigene neparvovec in patients with retinal dystrophy caused by bi‐allelic mutations in the RPE65 gene.MethodsSixteen eyes treated with voretigene neparvovec at the University Eye Clinic in Tuebingen, Germany, underwent adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AO) imaging at baseline and 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Follow‐up was performed in six eyes of four patients. For each eye, five different positions at arterial vessels were selected and the wall‐to‐lumen ratio (WLR), the lumen diameter (LD) and the wall cross‐sectional area (WCSA) were measured by the manufacturer's software over the observational period.ResultsVast retinal atrophy dominated all gained AO images. WLR fluctuated in the observation period without statistically significant change. LD and WCSA changed significantly after 2 weeks from the baseline examination and returned to values similar to baseline thereafter. There were no signs of inflammation such as macrophages or perivascular accumulated fluid visible.ConclusionAO imaging of the retinal vessels in RPE65‐associated retinal dystrophies (IRD) is challenging. There was no change in the retinal arterial vasculature over the observation period of 12 months that would indicate inflammatory changes. Decrease of the LD and WCSA shortly after treatment might be caused by the perioperative prednisolone intake. AO of retinal vessels can be used as a diagnostic module to complement monitoring the disease and effects of genetic treatments if the acquisition is possible in selected cases.
Democratic Spirit, Emotions, Help, and Hope during the Russian war against Ukraine: Experience from the Czech Republic
Authors: Klicperova‐Baker Martina , Urban Marek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study is based on an original eight‐wave longitudinal survey conducted in the Czech Republic (N = 1622, national quota sample). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to create a mediation model to test whether democratic spirit assessed in March 2021 (1 year before the Russian invasion) predicted responses to the major crisis (measured immediately, 2 months, and 9 months after the invasion). The Russian invasion of February 2022 deeply impacted Czech democrats. They reacted by a strong increase in positive emotions toward Ukraine/Ukrainians (e.g., compassion, admiration to courage), a milder increase in negative emotions (e.g., anger) and physiological discomfort. The Russian invasion further strengthened the democratic identity of the Czech citizens which increased their willingness to help Ukraine, both personally and by government. Finally, the democratic spirit of 2021 predicted hope for Ukraine and for Czechia in late 2022 when various crises cumulated. Notably, the direct effect of democratic spirit on future hope was non‐significant unless respondents were concerned with some aid to Ukrainians. Help completely mediated the democratic spirit and was linked to hope. The relationship between democratic values and hope was strong and spanned almost 2 years and cumulated crises. The study suggests that democratic values are significantly related to positive reactions to stressful conditions. The protective effect of the democratic spirit seemed beneficial both to one's health and delivering help to victims.
Taming resistant hypertension: The promise of novel pharmacologic approaches and renal denervation
Authors: Azzam Omar , Nejad Sayeh Heidari , Carnagarin Revathy , Nolde Janis M. , Galindo‐Kiuchi Marcio , Schlaich Markus P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResistant hypertension is associated with an exceedingly high cardiovascular risk and there remains an unmet therapeutic need driven by pathophysiologic pathways unaddressed by guideline‐recommended therapy. While spironolactone is widely considered as the preferable fourth‐line drug, its broad application is limited by its side effect profile, especially off‐target steroid receptor‐mediated effects and hyperkalaemia in at‐risk subpopulations. Recent landmark trials have reported promising safety and efficacy results for a number of novel compounds targeting relevant pathophysiologic pathways that remain unopposed by contemporary drugs. These include the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, aprocitentan, the aldosterone synthase inhibitor, baxdrostat and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone. Furthermore, the evidence base for consideration of catheter‐based renal denervation as a safe and effective adjunct therapeutic approach across the clinical spectrum of hypertension has been further substantiated. This review will summarise the recently published evidence on novel antihypertensive drugs and renal denervation in the context of resistant hypertension.
Novel specific anti‐ESM1 antibodies overcome tumor bevacizumab resistance by suppressing angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Kang Nannan , Fan Buxi , Sun Yao , Xue Peilin , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSuppressing tumors through anti‐angiogenesis has been established as an effective clinical treatment strategy. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is commonly used in various indications. However, two major challenges limit the long‐term efficacy of bevacizumab: drug resistance and side effects. Bevacizumab resistance has been extensively studied at the molecular level, but no drug candidates have been developed for clinical use to overcome this resistance. In a previous study conducted by our team, a major finding was that high expression of ESM1 in bevacizumab‐resistant tumors is associated with an unfavorable response to treatment. In particular, an increase in ESM1 expression contributes to heightened lung metastasis and microvascular density, which ultimately decreases the tumor's sensitivity to bevacizumab. In contrast, the silencing of ESM1 results in reduced angiogenesis and suppressed tumor growth in tumors resistant to bevacizumab. We put forward the hypothesis that targeting ESM1 could serve as a therapeutic strategy in overcoming bevacizumab resistance. In this study, a variety of anti‐ESM1 antibodies with high affinity to human ESM1 were successfully prepared and characterized. Our in vivo study confirmed the establishment of a bevacizumab‐resistant human colorectal cancer model and further demonstrated that the addition of anti‐ESM1 monoclonal antibodies to bevacizumab treatment significantly improved tumor response while downregulating DLL4 and MMP9. In conclusion, our study suggests that anti‐hESM1 monoclonal antibodies have the potential to alleviate or overcome bevacizumab resistance, thereby providing new strategies and drug candidates for clinical research in the treatment of bevacizumab‐resistant colorectal cancer.
A review of recent advancements in Actinium‐225 labeled compounds and biomolecules for therapeutic purposes
Authors: Hassan Maria , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Lodhi Nadeem Ahmed , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Usman Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn nuclear medicine, cancers that cannot be cured or can only be treated partially by traditional techniques like surgery or chemotherapy are killed by ionizing radiation as a form of therapeutic treatment. Actinium‐225 is an alpha‐emitting radionuclide that is highly encouraging as a therapeutic approach and more promising for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Actinium‐225 is the best candidate for tumor cells treatment and has physical characteristics such as high (LET) linear energy transfer (150 keV per μm), half‐life (t1/2 = 9.92d), and short ranges (400–100 μm) which prevent the damage of normal healthy tissues. The introduction of various new radiopharmaceuticals and radioisotopes has significantly assisted the advancement of nuclear medicine. Ac‐225 radiopharmaceuticals continuously demonstrate their potential as targeted alpha therapeutics. 225Ac‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals have confirmed their importance in medical and clinical areas by introducing [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA‐617, [225Ac]Ac‐DOTATOC, [225Ac]Ac‐DOTA‐substance‐P, reported significantly improved response in patients with prostate cancer, neuroendocrine, and glioma, respectively. The development of these radiopharmaceuticals required a suitable buffer, incubation time, optimal pH, and reaction temperature. There is a growing need to standardize quality control (QC) testing techniques such as radiochemical purity (RCP). This review aims to summarize the development of the Ac‐225 labeled compounds and biomolecules. The current state of their reported resulting clinical applications is also summarized as well.
Novel MEIOB pathogenic variants including a homozygous non‐canonical splicing variant, cause meiotic arrest and human non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Hu Kaiqin , Cheng Huiru , Wu Huan , Li Kuokuo , Gao Yang , Lv Mingrong , Xu Chuan , Geng Hao , Shen Qunshan , Cao Yunxia , He Xiaojin , Tang Dongdong , Guo Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNon‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of human male infertility, and the genetic causes of NOA with meiotic arrest remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified novel compound heterozygous MEIOB variants (c.814C > T: p.R272X and c.976G > A: p.A326T) and a previously undescribed homozygous non‐canonical splicing variant of MEIOB (c.528 + 3A > C) in two NOA‐affected individuals from two irrelevant Chinese families. MEIOB missense variant (p.A326T) significantly reduced protein abundance and nonsense variant (p.R272X) produced a truncated protein. Both of two variants impaired the MEIOB‐SPATA22 interaction. The MEIOB non‐canonical splicing variant resulted in whole Exon 6 skipping by minigene assay, which was predicted to produce a frameshift truncated protein (p.S111Rfs*32). Histological and immunostaining analysis indicated that both patients exhibited a similar phenotype as we previously reported in Meiob mutant mice, that is, absence of spermatids in seminiferous tubules and meiotic arrest. Our study identified three novel pathogenic variants of MEIOB in NOA patients, extending the mutation spectrum of the MEIOB and highlighting the contribution of meiotic recombination related genes in human fertility.
The cell‐specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke
Authors: Fadoul George , Ikonomovic Milos , Zhang Feng , Yang Tuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post‐stroke, which is comprehensive yet important to understand to optimize management strategies and goals for care for stroke patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the protective effects of Nrf2 in experimental ischemic stroke, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells during acute and chronic phases of stroke and providing insights on the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on each cell type throughout the long term of stroke care. We also highlight the importance of targeting Nrf2 in clinical settings while considering a variety of important factors such as age, drug dosage, delivery route, and time of administration.
Lexically Mediated Compensation for Coarticulation Still as Elusive as a White Christmash
Authors: McQueen James M. , Jesse Alexandra , Mitterer Holger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLuthra, Peraza‐Santiago, Beeson, Saltzman, Crinnion, and Magnuson (2021) present data from the lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation paradigm that they claim provides conclusive evidence in favor of top‐down processing in speech perception. We argue here that this evidence does not support that conclusion. The findings are open to alternative explanations, and we give data in support of one of them (that there is an acoustic confound in the materials). Lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation thus remains elusive, while prior data from the paradigm instead challenge the idea that there is top‐down processing in online speech recognition.
Malnutrition in solid organ transplant patients: A review of the literature
Authors: Lorden Heather , Engelken Jessa , Sprang Katrina , Rolfson Megan , Mandelbrot Didier , Parajuli Sandesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScreening for malnutrition is of vital importance for solid organ transplant candidates to optimize nutrition status before transplant, to improve clinical outcomes and to inform selection committees of nutritional contraindications and risks. There are multiple criteria and screening tools available for determining malnutrition diagnosis and risk. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists use these tools for nutrition assessments to quantify the severity of malnutrition, provide patient‐centered interventions, and monitor progression. Many transplant centers in the United States utilize the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Adult Malnutrition Criteria, though there is limited research using these criteria specifically in the transplant population. Malnutrition, utilizing other diagnostic and screening tools, has been associated with important complications, including longer length of hospital stay, increased mortality, decreased quality of life, worsened end‐stage organ progression, and decreased functional status. Malnutrition typically results from sarcopenia and cachexia, and can ultimately lead to frailty, causing further negative impacts on transplant outcomes. This literature review summarizes the current research on malnutrition in solid organ transplant candidates and provides recommendations for future research and current practice implications.
The health of people attending residential treatment for alcohol and other drug use: Prevalence of and risks for major lifestyle diseases
Authors: Ingram Isabella , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Townsend Camilla J. , Collins Clare E. , Callister Robin , Chenhall Richard , Ivers Rowena , Kelly Peter J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular disease and cancers are the leading cause of mortality amongst people accessing treatment for alcohol and other drug use. The current study aimed to examine risk factors for chronic disease amongst people attending residential alcohol and other drug treatment services.MethodsParticipants (N = 325) were attending residential alcohol and other drug treatment services across Australia. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk scores were calculated using established risk estimation algorithms. Differences in existing health conditions, risk factors for chronic diseases and risk algorithms were calculated for males and females.ResultsIn addition to alcohol and other drug use (including tobacco use), 95% of the sample had at least one other risk factor for chronic disease. Of participants not already diagnosed, 36% were at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and 11% had a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The heart age of participants was 11 years older than actual age (Mage = 40.63, Mheart age = 52.41). Males had a higher cardiovascular disease risk than females.Discussion and ConclusionsA large proportion of people accessing residential alcohol and other drug treatment were at risk of chronic disease. Future research is needed that uses objective indicators of physical health. Such research will help to develop our understanding of prevention and intervention initiatives that could be adopted by treatment providers to improve the physical health of their consumers.
Real‐world persistence of initial targeted therapy strategy in monotherapy versus combination therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Exposito Lorena , Sánchez‐Piedra Carlos , Vela‐Casasempere Paloma , Moreno‐Ramos Manuel José , Campos Cristina , Bohorquez Cristina , Manero Javier , Calvo‐Gutiérrez Jerusalem , Rodríguez‐Lozano Carlos , Ruiz‐Montesino Dolores , Busquets Noemí , García‐González Javier , Castrejón Isabel , Alonso Fernando , Bustabad Sagrario , Díaz‐González Federico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe persistence of biologic (b) and targeted synthetic (ts) disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) in monotherapy versus in combination with conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs is still a controversial topic in rheumatic diseases. To clarify this issue, the retention of the initial treatment strategy of b/tsDMARD in combination with csDMARD versus monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients under real‐life conditions was evaluated. Factors associated with maintenance of the initial strategy were analysed.MethodsNested cohort study within the Spanish BIOBADASER III registry. Bivariate comparisons and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analyses.ResultsA total of 2521 patients were included in the study. In the multivariate model, the initial strategy of combination therapy was associated with shorter persistence in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.58;95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.50; p = .049), PsA (HR 2.48; 95% CI 1.65–3.72) and AS (HR 16.77; 95% CI 7.37–38.16; p < .001), regardless of sex, time of disease progression, baseline disease activity, glucocorticoid use or type of b/tsDMARD. Overall, the combination strategy was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.13; 95% CI 1.05–1.21).ConclusionsIn this real‐life study, the strategy of combining a b/tsDMARD with a csDMARD is associated with lower persistence and worse safety profile compared to monotherapy in RA and especially in PsA and AS, suggesting that combination therapy should be rethought as first choice in RA patients, but especially in PsA and AS patients.