bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse und Bewältigung von Herausforderungen im Software-Prototyping: Eine Untersuchung der Schlüsseldimensionen zur Unterstützung der Digitalen Transformation
Authors: Löwe Seline , Koch Marcel , Schäffer Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Software-Prototyping von Informationssystemen ermöglicht die frühzeitige Entwicklung von Demonstratoren zur schnellen Integration von Nutzerfeedback, das für die digitale Transformation und organisatorische Veränderungen entscheidend ist. Trotz zahlreicher Vorteile treten bei der Anwendung der Methode Herausforderungen auf, welche sich auch auf die Integration und Verwaltung von Enterprise Systems auswirken. Die Identifizierung von diesen Herausforderungen beim Software-Prototyping ist grundlegend, um Misserfolge bei der Entwicklung innovativer Prototypen zu vermeiden. Mit diesem Beitrag werden fünf Schlüsseldimensionen – Technologie, Organisation, Datenmanagement, Entwicklungsprozess und Benutzererfahrung – durch die Analyse von 39 identifizierten Herausforderungen in 13 Kategorien untersucht. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass in dem achtstufigen Software-Prototyping-Prozess die Phase des User Interface Prototyping die häufigsten Probleme aufweist. Ziel ist es, mögliche Probleme zu identifizieren und zu kategorisieren sowie Handlungsempfehlungen daraus abzuleiten, um ein Bewusstsein für solche zu schaffen, damit Strategien zur digitalen Transformation besser umgesetzt werden können.
Perceptions of access to harm reduction services during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who inject drugs in metropolitan Chicago
Authors: Kristensen Kathleen , Boodram Basmattee , Avila Wendy , Pineros Juliet , Latkin Carl , Mackesy-Amiti Mary-Ellen 
Published: January 2025

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the risk environment for people who inject drugs (PWID), making continued access to harm reduction services imperative. Research has shown that some harm reduction service providers were able to continue to provide services throughout the pandemic. Most of these studies, however, focused on staff perspectives, not those of PWID. Our study examines changes in perceptions of access to harm reduction services (e.g., participant reported difficulty in accessing syringes and naloxone) among PWID participating in a longitudinal study conducted through the University of Illinois-Chicago’s Community Outreach Intervention Projects field sites during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A COIVD-19 survey module was administered from March 2020-February 2022 to participants of an ongoing longitudinal study of PWID ages 18–30, who were English-speaking, and were residing in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Responses to the COVID-19 survey module were analyzed to understand how study participants’ self-reported access to harm reduction services changed throughout the pandemic. Baseline responses to the survey were analyzed to compare participant-reported drug use behaviors and perceived access to harm reduction services across COIVD-19 time periods. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine difficulty in syringe access as an outcome of COVID-19 time period.

Results
Participants had significantly lower odds (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.12–0.65) of reporting difficulty in accessing syringes later in the pandemic. However, the majority of participants reported access to syringes and naloxone remained the same as before the pandemic.

Conclusions
The lack of perceived changes in harm reduction access by PWID and the decrease in those reporting difficulty accessing syringes as the pandemic progressed suggests the efficacy of adaptations to harm reduction service provision (e.g., window and mobile service) during the pandemic. Further research is needed to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted PWIDs’ engagement with harm reduction services.
Deep learning-based differential gut flora for prediction of Parkinson’s
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhang Hang , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2025

Background
There had been extensive research on the role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease. Increasing evidence suggested that the gut-brain axis played a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease, with changes in the gut microbiota speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease or interfere with its treatment. However, studies utilizing deep learning methods to predict Parkinson’s disease through the gut microbiota were still limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop an efficient and accurate prediction method based on deep learning by thoroughly analyzing gut microbiota data to achieve the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.

Methods
This study proposed a method for predicting Parkinson’s disease using differential gut microbiota, named the Parkinson Gut Prediction Method (PGPM). Initially, differential gut microbiota data were extracted from 39 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and their corresponding 39 healthy spouses. Subsequently, a preprocessing method called CRFS (combined ranking using random forest scores and principal component analysis contributions) was introduced for feature selection. Following this, the proposed LSIM (LSTM-penultimate to SVM Input Method) approach was utilized for classifying Parkinson’s patients. Finally, a soft voting mechanism was employed to predict Parkinson’s disease patients.

Results
The research results demonstrated that the Parkinson gut prediction method (PGPM), which utilized differential gut microbiota, performed excellently. The method achieved a mean accuracy (ACC) of 0.85, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.92.

Conclusion
In summary, this method demonstrated excellent performance in predicting Parkinson’s disease, allowing for more accurate predictions of Parkinson’s disease.
Development and validation of a Malay version questionnaire for assessing risk perception of type 2 diabetes (RPDM)
Authors: Jane Ling Miaw Yn , Ahmad Norfazilah , Mohd Radi Mohd Firdaus , Aizuddin Azimatun Noor 
Published: January 2025

Background
The burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally. Risk perception of type 2 diabetes plays an important role in motivating adoption of healthy lifestyle and preventive health interventions. To address the increasing burden of type 2 diabetes in Malaysia, a better understanding on its risk perception is needed as a guide for preventive interventions. This study was aimed at developing and validating a Malay-language questionnaire to assess the risk perception of type 2 diabetes (RPDM) among Malaysians.

Methods
The questionnaire (RPDM) was developed based on the Health Belief Model and previous literature. A 59-item question pool was initially developed, reviewed by experts for content validity and pretested on five respondents. Different samples were used for pilot study (n = 100) and subsequent validation study (n = 158). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate construct validity and construct reliability of the questionnaire.

Results
The EFA yielded five-factors model, including 48 items with good factor loadings of > 0.40. CFA was carried out using item parceling. The final model shows acceptable model fit and had sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. The value of construct reliability ranged between 0.76 and 0.90.

Conclusion
This newly developed and validated Malay-language RPDM questionnaire is valid and reliable for measuring the five constructs (perceived self-efficacy, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility and perceived barrier) of risk perception of type 2 diabetes among Malaysians. This Malay-language questionnaire may contribute to a better understanding of risk perception of type 2 diabetes among Malaysians, as well as enhancement of diabetes prevention communication between healthcare providers and their clients.
Association between serum uric acid, hyperuricemia and low muscle mass in middle-aged and elderly adults: A national health and nutrition examination study
Authors: Kong Laixi , Li Yaqin , Zhu Rong , Guo Maoting , Wu Yuqing , Zhong Yuxin , Li Zhe , Xiong Zhenzhen 
Published: January 2025

Backgrounds
Recent research suggests that uric acid, as a metabolite with antioxidant properties, may affect muscle function and health. However, the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and low muscle mass remains relatively obscure. This study focuses on the association between SUA and low muscle mass in a middle-aged and elderly population in the United States.

Methods
Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a total of 12,106 patients aged ≥45 years, possessing complete analytical data, were incorporated. Low muscle mass in our study is defined as indices below 0.789 for males and 0.512 for females, according to the FNIH Biomarkers Consortium. Gender stratified analyses were conducted employing a multivariate weighted logistic regression model. When examining serum uric acid (SUA) levels, the SUA dataset was stratified into deciles, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated across distinct subgroups of males and females. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was employed to investigate the potential nonlinear association between SUA levels and low muscle mass. A series of subgroup analyses stratified by demographic variables and clinical experience were conducted.

Results
A total of 2,185 participants (18.05%) were identified with low muscle mass, comprising 1,121 males and 1,064 females. Females with low muscle mass had higher SUA levels and an increased incidence of hyperuricemia compared to those without low muscle mass. In females, a fully adjusted multivariable weighted regression model revealed a positive association between hyperuricemia and low muscle mass (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.92; P = 0.021). No significant association was observed in males. Additionally, RCS curves indicated a J-shaped relationship between increasing SUA levels and the risk of low muscle mass in females, and an inverse J-shaped relationship in males.

Conclusions
This study reveals a significant positive correlation between hyperuricemia and the risk of low muscle mass in middle-aged and older women in the United States, whereas the relationship between SUA levels and low muscle mass did not attain statistical significance. In the male cohort, neither SUA levels nor hyperuricemia demonstrated a significant association with low muscle mass.
Changing patterns of general practice services during a period of public sector investment in Britain
Authors: Aljohani Motab , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Given the importance of GP care to the public’s health, it is important that we understand how patterns of service use change as levels of investment change. This study investigated GP use in Britain in conjunction with use of outpatient services during a period of investment and during a period of austerity.

Method
The study used data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) that included service use, morbidity (as an indicator of need) and socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., employment, age, education, and sex). Data for 2000, 2004, and 2008, were specifically chosen for comparison with data from 2015, 2016 and 2017. Service use and respondent characteristics were described using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Multivariable analyses were undertaken using recursive bivariate probit (RBVP) and probit analyses separately for each study year. All analyses were adjusted for cross-sectional weighting.

Results
BHPS respondents who used outpatient services or GP services had higher morbidity compared to survey participants who did not. Older people, people with lower educational attainment and employed people had higher mean morbidity indices in each study year as did females. Morbidity among service users tended to decline slightly over time. RBVP analyses revealed a significant positive correlation in residuals between outpatient and GP functions in 2000 and 2004 but not 2008. GP consultations and outpatient use remained largely unrelated to socio-economic factors in each year. Survey participants who reported hearing or vision impairment conditions were consistently less likely to use GP or outpatient services in 2000 and 2004, in 2008.

Conclusion
The results are broadly indicative of stable relationships in service use during a period of healthcare investment but change during austerity. Those who reported, vision, hearing, and skin conditions were consistently less likely to report use of GP or outpatient services, controlling for other aspects of health.
Barriers and enablers to opioid deprescription: A qualitative study
Authors: Lawrence Rebecca , Versteeg Everett , Pike Andrea , Etchegary Holly , Hall Amanda 
Published: January 2025

Background
Canada has the fourth highest per capita rate of opioid prescriptions in the world, contributing to the country’s opioid crisis. Due to both their pain-relieving and euphoric properties, opioids can be highly addictive, leading to potential overdose and death. Deprescription is an endorsed and organized method of discontinuing a drug but very little is known about the barriers that Canadian physicians face when attempting to deprescribe opioids, particularly those who practice in rural areas (which have some of the highest rates of opioid users).

Methods
This was an explorative, qualitative study describing rural family doctors’ experiences and practices regarding opioid deprescription in primary care. A convenience sample of family doctors who had experience working with patients taking opioid medications was recruited from the professional networks of study team members. After consenting to participate, data was collected using semi-structured telephone interviews and analyzed by researchers experienced in applying the Theoretical Domains Framework to assess barriers and enablers of behavior change.

Principal findings
10 physicians participated in this study. Our analysis revealed four barriers and five enablers related to opioid deprescription in rural primary care. Barriers include a lack of knowledge and skills related to deprescribing, discomfort initiating deprescription, patient pressure to continue prescribing opioids, and a lack of foundational support required to deprescribe. Enablers include working with colleagues who share common views on overuse of opioids and deprescription; access to other healthcare providers, community-based resources, and clinical tools; using a systematic approach to deprescription; previous experience successfully deprescribing opioids; and practicing in a rural setting.

Conclusions
Opioid dependence and over-prescription continue to be a problem for our health system. Deprescription is necessary but challenging for family physicians. Rural physicians are keenly aware of the importance of preserving the physician-patient therapeutic relationship and open and clear communication about opioid medications and deprescription but feel unprepared to manage this in the face of difficult issues surrounding deprescription. They also feel unprepared to deal with deprescription effectively without access to other resources, healthcare professionals, patient education materials and time. Rural physicians would benefit most from added foundational supports for deprescription.
Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an intervention to improve conversations about recovery on the stroke unit
Authors: Burton Louisa-Jane , Forster Anne , Johnson Judith , Crocker Thomas F. , Clarke David J. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Understanding recovery is important for patients with stroke and their families, including how much recovery is expected and how long it might take. These conversations can however be uncomfortable for stroke unit staff, particularly when they involve breaking bad news. This study aimed to begin development of a novel complex intervention to improve conversations about recovery on stroke units.

Methods
Informed by previously collected qualitative data, we used the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) approach to identify possible 1. barriers to communication about recovery on stroke units; 2. Intervention Functions; 3. Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) to incorporate in an intervention. We subsequently sought stroke professionals’ perspectives through an online survey. Respondents rated the importance of barriers for intervention inclusion and evaluated the usefulness and feasibility of the suggested BCTs.

Results
Our behavioural diagnosis identified a target behaviour of provision of information about recovery by stroke unit professionals to patients and carers. Twelve possible barriers to this behaviour were identified, with six potential Intervention Functions to address them, and 29 BCTs. Forty-eight multidisciplinary professionals responded to the survey. The six barriers rated as most important to address were: lack of confidence; perceptions of insufficient communication skills; lack of knowledge of the benefits; difficulties in deciding when and in what format to provide information; absence of private spaces for discussions; and lack of generic written information to support conversations. The developed intervention strategy comprised twelve clinically feasible and useful BCTs, encompassing the Intervention Functions of Training, Enablement, Persuasion, and Environmental restructuring.

Conclusions
The BCW approach was successfully used to begin development of an intervention to improve conversations about recovery on the stroke unit; our survey enabled incorporation of stakeholder perspectives. Further development work is required to design intervention materials and test whether the strategies are effective in improving staff and patient outcomes.
Designing a prototype trauma registry framework for a tertiary health institution in a low- and middle-income country: A qualitative study
Authors: Adesoba Helen , Olumide Adesola , Oluwadiya Kehinde , Oladiran Ajibola , Ojifinni Kehinde , Popoola Oluwafemi , Bonander Carl 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Low- and middle-income countries experience high injury-related mortality rates, with road traffic crashes being a significant contributor in Nigeria. Data from trauma registries are crucial for designing and advocating for trauma intervention programmes. However, there is limited research to inform the development of trauma registries in a Nigerian setting. The aim of this study was to design a feasible prototype trauma registry (TR) including, scope of activities and registry components for University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with eight purposively selected trauma registry stakeholders in UCH to obtain context-specific information for a prototype registry. An expert meeting was conducted with four purposively selected experts within the hospital to assess and validate the suitability of the prototype TR scope and TR components, confirming their applicability and potential efficacy in UCH. Information obtained from the interviews and expert meeting were analysed deductively using thematic analysis.

Results
Stakeholders identified the most feasible scope for the trauma registry (TR) as daily data collection on all trauma patients from their initial presentation to discharge or death. This data would be gathered primarily at two critical points: the accident/emergency department and the wards where trauma patients are admitted. Stakeholders believed that comprehensive information about trauma patients could be achieved through these collection points. Following this scope, the analysis led to the identification of 21 essential components and activities for the TR, which were then organised into six categories: registry personnel, computers and other materials, trainings, technology infrastructure, administrative services, and monitoring and evaluation.

Conclusion
The scope and components identified are relevant to our context and have the potential to contribute to trauma prevention programmes, improve patient care and outcomes, and contribute to trauma-related policies and programmes if successfully implemented.
Pax Iulia: A cidade romana de Beja em período romano-republicano
Authors: De Conceição Lopes Maria 
Published: January 2025

Em linhas gerais, com base nos dados arqueológicos recolhidos no centro da cidade de Beja, na área do Conservatório Regional de Música do Baixo Alentejo, é hoje possível acompanhar o processo dinâmico do tecido urbano ocorrido na cidade de Beja e seguir com algum detalhe o processo de fábrica urbana.
Ultrapassada que está a questão da ocupação pré-romana de Beja, a avaliação coordenada de materialidades e estratigrafia arqueológica com morfologia urbana, documentos e cartografia histórica, permite aferir os processos transperiódicos e transculturais que enformam o processo de construção da cidade de Beja na longa duração.
Mesmo não sendo ainda muito abundantes os testemunhos, aqueles que hoje analisamos, permitem-nos introduzir a dinâmica socio-espacial que ocorre em Beja, em meados do século I a. C..
Adoptando uma metodologia particularmente atenta à articulação entre permanência e mudança da forma urbana, a nossa abordagem arqueogeográfica introduziu o busto de Cesar identificado em Beja como elemento integrado de entendimento da vida urbana em Pax Iulia.
The Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on Disease Activity in Pregnant Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Memel Zoe , Yu Amy , Fenton Cynthia , Wen Timothy , Irani Roxanna A. , Zhang Li , Mahadevan Uma 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
Low-dose aspirin (LDA) is recommended for pregnant individuals at elevated risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). However, regular aspirin use may raise concerns of increased disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LDA use in pregnant IBD patients and the effect of LDA on IBD disease activity.

METHODS:
Included were individuals with IBD and pregnancy followed by maternal fetal medicine between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. LDA use was ascertained from medication lists during pregnancy. Primary outcome was IBD flare during pregnancy or 6-month postpartum, defined as IBD-related hospitalization or surgery, new therapy initiation, elevated fecal calprotectin, or new active endoscopic disease.

RESULTS:
Among 320 pregnancies in women with IBD (232 patients), 90 (28%) were prescribed aspirin during pregnancy. The percentage of women with IBD flare during pregnancy or postpartum was similar among those who were and were not prescribed aspirin (20% vs 26%, P = 0.36). Individuals on aspirin were older (35 vs 34 median years), more likely to have preterm birth (21% vs 14%), higher parity (2 vs 1), and cesarean delivery (50% vs 27%) than individuals not on LDA (all P < 0.01). Both groups had similar rates of HDP, although individuals on LDA had higher rates of preeclampsia (10% vs 4.3%, P = 0.10).

DISCUSSION:
Approximately one-third of patients with IBD cared for in a maternal fetal medicine practice were prescribed LDA during pregnancy. The use of aspirin among pregnant patients with IBD was not associated with an increased risk of disease activity.