bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting implementation of interventions to address ethnicity-related health inequities: frameworks, facilitators and barriers – a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gustafson Papillon , Abdul Aziz Yasmin , Lambert Michelle , Bartholomew Karen , Brown Rachel , Carswell Peter , Fusheini Adam , Ratima Mihi , Priest Patricia , Crengle Sue 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHealth inequities are differences in health between groups of people that are avoidable, unfair and unjust. Achieving equitable health outcomes requires approaches that recognise and account for the differences in levels of advantage between groups. Implementation science, which studies how to translate evidence-based interventions into routine practice, is increasingly recognised as an approach to address health inequities by identifying factors and processes that enable equitable implementation of interventions. This article describes the protocol for a scoping review of the literature relating to the equitable implementation of interventions, focusing on ethnicity-related health inequities. The scoping review aims to identify equity-focused implementation science theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) and to synthesise and analyse the evidence relating to the factors that aid or inhibit equitable implementation of health interventions.Methods and analysisThe scoping review is guided by the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley and enhanced by Levac and colleagues. Relevant literature will be identified by searching electronic databases, grey literature, hand-searching key journals and searching the reference lists and citations of studies that meet the inclusion criteria. We will focus on literature published from 2011 to the present. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles will be screened independently by two researchers; any disagreements will be resolved through discussion with another researcher. Extracted data will be summarised and analysed to address the scoping review aims.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review will map the available literature on equity-focused implementation science TMFs and the facilitators and barriers to equitable implementation of interventions. Ethical approval is not required. Dissemination of the results of the review will include publications in peer-review journals and conference and stakeholder presentations. Findings from the review will support those implementing interventions to ensure that the implementation pathway and processes are equitable, thereby improving health outcomes and reducing existing inequities.
Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of awareness and visitation of community clinic among ever married women: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Al-Zubayer Md Akib , Shanto Hasibul Hasan , Kumkum Rabeya , Alam Sk Tasnuva , Ahammed Benojir 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesBangladesh has made remarkable progress in improving the population’s health, but maternal health and healthcare facilities are still in a vulnerable situation. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of awareness and visitation of community clinics (CCs) in Bangladesh.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe data were collected from the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017–2018.ParticipantsThis study’s participants are 18 893 women aged 15–49 years throughout all administrative regions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes are awareness and visitation of CCs, defined as if women are aware and visit of CCs.Materials and methodsDescriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate binary logistics analysis were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of awareness and visitation of CCs.ResultsThe prevalence of awareness and visitation to CCs were 60.26% and 15.92%, respectively. The result of the multivariate analysis revealed that higher education, division and higher number of children were significantly positively associated, whereas the richest wealth index was significantly negatively associated with both awareness and visitation to CCs. Furthermore, the urban residence was negatively and respondent involvement in currently working was positively significantly related to awareness of CCs. Moreover, male household heads and exposure to media were significantly positively related to visitation to CCs.ConclusionThe study result highlights that more than half of the women were aware of CCs however, the CCs’ visit rates were comparatively low. Priority-based public health programmes for women through community health workers are urgently needed to increase the awareness and visitation of CCs.
Lower starting dose of roxadustat in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients with anaemia: a study protocol for a randomised, multicentre, open-label study
Authors: Li Ping , Sun Xuefeng , Chen Dinghua , Lin Hong-li , Zhang Li , Wu Yiqing , Pan Shuting , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionRoxadustat is a first-in-class oral therapy that treats chronic kidney disease (CKD) anaemia with the benefit of a novel mechanism of action that consistently corrects and maintains haemoglobin (Hb) across the spectrum of non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD anaemia with an acceptable safety profile.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, control, open-label, multicentre trial. About 250 adult Chinese participants with stage 3–5 CKD NDD in approximately 30 centres will be enrolled, randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio, to receive a 16-week treatment and 4-week follow-up. The interventions for study arm are <60 kg: 50 mg TIW and ≥60 kg: 70 mg TIW; for control arm, <60 kg: 70 mg TIW and ≥60 kg: 100 mg TIW. The primary endpoint is the mean change in haemoglobin level from baseline to average over weeks 12–16. Secondary endpoints are to assess the proportion of subjects achieving an average Hb level of 100 to 120 g/L over weeks 12–16, the Hb variability, the rescue therapy requirement between two groups and the safety in two groups. The exploratory objectives are expected to evaluate the rate and time of Hb response, times of dose adjustment, the proportion of subjects with rapid Hb rise, overshooting during the treatment between two different starting dose groups, and subgroup analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital has approved this study (No. S2020-523-05) and will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participant consent will be obtained in writing. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100045359.
What is the significance of a faecal elastase-1 level between 200 and 500μg/g?
Authors: Mathew Alok , Fernandes Darren , Andreyev H Jervoise N 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPancreatic exocrine insufficiency is a cause of malabsorption. It is generally diagnosed if faecal elastase-1 (FE-1) levels are below 200 µg/g. Pancreatic function is assumed to be normal when faecal elastase levels are >500 µg/g. The significance of faecal elastase levels above 200 µg/g but less than 500 µg/g is unclear.MethodsThis retrospective study reports the response to treatment in patients who had an FE-1 level between 200 and 500 µg/g.ResultsOf these 82 patients, 28 were offered pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). A clinical response, defined as an improvement in their initial symptoms after commencing PERT, was seen in 20 patients (71%), 7 with potentially predisposing conditions and 13 with functional diarrhoea. PERT particularly abolished or improved diarrhoea, steatorrhoea and flatulence.ConclusionClinicians should, therefore, be aware that a trial of PERT given to patients with FE-1 levels between 200 and 500 µg/g may lead to improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms.
IL-17A-producing CD8+T cells promote PDAC via induction of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Picard Felix Simon Ruben , Lutz Veronika , Brichkina Anna , Neuhaus Felix , Ruckenbrod Teresa , Hupfer Anna , Raifer Hartmann , Klein Matthias , Bopp Tobias , Pfefferle Petra Ina , Savai Rajkumar , Prinz Immo , Waisman Ari , Moos Sonja , Chang Hyun-Dong , Heinrich Stefan , Bartsch Detlef K , Buchholz Malte , Singh Shiv , Tu Mengyu , Klein Lukas , Bauer Christian , Liefke Robert , Burchert Andreas , Chung Ho-Ryun , Mayer Philipp , Gress Thomas M , Lauth Matthias , Gaida Matthias , Huber Magdalena 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an abundant desmoplastic stroma composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and interspersed immune cells. A non-canonical CD8+T-cell subpopulation producing IL-17A (Tc17) promotes autoimmunity and has been identified in tumours. Here, we evaluated the Tc17 role in PDAC.DesignInfiltration of Tc17 cells in PDAC tissue was correlated with patient overall survival and tumour stage. Wild-type (WT) orIl17ra-/-quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (qPSC) were exposed to conditional media obtained from Tc17 cells (Tc17-CM); moreover, co-culture of Tc17-CM-induced inflammatory (i)CAF (Tc17-iCAF) with tumour cells was performed. IL-17A/F-, IL-17RA-, RAG1-deficient andFoxn1nu/numice were used to study the Tc17 role in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC mouse models.ResultsIncreased abundance of Tc17 cells highly correlated with reduced survival and advanced tumour stage in PDAC. Tc17-CM induced iCAF differentiation as assessed by the expression of iCAF-associated genes via synergism of IL-17A and TNF. Accordingly, IL-17RA controlled the responsiveness of qPSC to Tc17-CM. Pancreatic tumour cells co-cultured with Tc17-iCAF displayed enhanced proliferation and increased expression of genes implicated in proliferation, metabolism and protection from apoptosis. Tc17-iCAF accelerated growth of mouse and human tumours inRag1-/-andFoxn1nu/numice, respectively. Finally,Il17ra-expressed by fibroblasts was required for Tc17-driven tumour growth in vivo.ConclusionsWe identified Tc17 as a novel protumourigenic CD8+T-cell subtype in PDAC, which accelerated tumour growth via IL-17RA-dependent stroma modification. We described a crosstalk between three cell types, Tc17, fibroblasts and tumour cells, promoting PDAC progression, which resulted in poor prognosis for patients.
Comparison of three antithrombotic strategies for emergent carotid stenting during stroke thrombectomy: a multicenter study
Authors: Pop Raoul , Burel Julien , Finitsis Stephanos Nikolaos , Papagiannaki Chrysanthi , Severac Francois , Mangin Pierre H , Mihoc Dan , Leonard-Lorant Ian , Gheoca Roxana , Wolff Valerie , Chibbaro Salvatore , Sibon Igor , Richard Sébastien , Beaujeux Remy , Marnat Gaultier , Gory Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPeriprocedural antithrombotic treatment is a key determinant for the risk–benefit balance of emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) during stroke thrombectomy. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of three types of antithrombotic treatment.MethodsRetrospective review of prospectively collected endovascular databases in four comprehensive stroke centers, including consecutive cases of eCAS for tandem lesion strokes between January 2019 and July 2021. During this period, each center prospectively applied one of three periprocedural protocols: (a) two centers administered aspirin (250 mg IV); (b) one center administered aspirin and heparin (bolus+24 hours infusion); and (c) one center applied an aggressive antiplatelet strategy consisting of aspirin and clopidogrel (loading doses), with added intravenous tirofiban if in-stent thrombosis was observed during thrombectomy. Dichotomized comparisons of outcomes were performed between aggressive versus non-aggressive strategy (aspirin±heparin) and aspirin+heparin versus aspirin-alone groups.ResultsAmong 161 included patients, 62 received aspirin monotherapy, 38 aspirin+heparin, and 61 an aggressive treatment. Aggressive antiplatelet treatment was associated with an increased rate of excellent (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2c-3) recanalization and reduced carotid stent thrombosis at day 1 (3.5% vs 16.3%), compared with non-aggressive strategy. There were no significant differences in hemorrhagic transformation or 90-day mortality. There was a tendency towards better clinical outcome with aggressive treatment, without reaching statistical significance. Addition of heparin to aspirin was not associated with an increased rate of carotid stent patency.ConclusionsAggressive antiplatelet treatment was associated with improved intracranial recanalization and carotid stent patency, without safety concerns. These findings have implications for randomized trials and may be of utility for clinicians when making antithrombotic treatment choices.
Prevalence ofMycoplasma genitaliuminfection among HIV PrEP users: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sokoll Paulo Roberto , Migliavaca Celina Borges , Siebert Uwe , Schmid Daniela , Arvandi Marjan 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo summarise the prevalence ofMycoplasma genitalium(MG) and antibiotic-resistant MG infection among HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus up to 30 September 2022. We included studies reporting the prevalence of MG and/or antibiotic-resistant MG infection among PrEP users. Two reviewers independently searched for studies and extracted data. A systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively summarise the results of included studies. The critical appraisal of included studies was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies and the quality of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsA total of 15 studies were included in the systematic review, with 2341 individuals taking PrEP. Studies were conducted in high-income level countries between 2014 and 2019. Median age of participants varied from 23.5 to 40 years. The majority were men (85%) and among them, 93% were men who have sex with men. To identify MG, urine samples were analysed in 14 studies, rectal or anal swabs in 12 studies, oral or pharyngeal swabs in 9 studies, and urethral or vaginal in 3 studies. The pooled point prevalence of MG among PrEP users was 16.7% (95% CI 13.6% to 20.3%; 95% prediction interval (95% PI) 8.2% to 31.1%). The pooled point prevalence of macrolide-resistant infections was 82.6% (95% CI 70.1% to 90.6%; 95% PI 4.7% to 99.8%) and the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant infections was 14.3% (95% CI 1.8% to 42.8%). Individuals taking PrEP have a higher chance of being infected with MG compared with those not taking PrEP (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.4). The quality of evidence was very low to moderate.ConclusionWe observed a high prevalence of MG and its macrolide resistance among PrEP users, highlighting the need to reinforce prevention strategies against sexually transmitted infections in this population.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022310597.
MYC/Glutamine Dependency Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Pancreatic Cancer with Deoxycytidine Kinase Inactivation-Induced Gemcitabine Resistance
Authors: Dash Suman , Ueda Takeshi , Komuro Akiyoshi , Amano Hisayuki , Honda Masahiko , Kawazu Masahito , Okada Hitoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies. Although the deoxycytidine analog gemcitabine has been used as the first-line treatment for PDAC, the primary clinical challenge arises because of an eventual acquisition of resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gemcitabine resistance to improve treatment efficacy. To investigate potential genes whose inactivation confers gemcitabine resistance, we performed CRISPR knockout (KO) library screening. We found that deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) deficiency is the primary mechanism of gemcitabine resistance, and the inactivation of CRYBA2, DMBX1, CROT, and CD36 slightly conferred gemcitabine resistance. In particular, gene expression analysis revealed that DCK KO cells displayed a significant enrichment of genes associated with MYC targets, folate/one-carbon metabolism and glutamine metabolism pathways. Evidently, chemically targeting each of these pathways significantly reduced the survival of DCK KO cells. Moreover, the pathways enriched in DCK KO cells represented a trend similar to those in PDAC cell lines and samples of patients with PDAC with low DCK expression. We further observed that short-term treatment of parental CFPAC-1 cells with gemcitabine induces the expression of several genes, which promote synthesis and transport of glutamine in a dose-dependent manner, which suggests glutamine availability as a potential mechanism of escaping drug toxicity in an initial response for survival. Thus, our findings provide insights into novel therapeutic approaches for gemcitabine-resistant PDAC and emphasize the involvement of glutamine metabolism in drug-tolerant persister cells.

Implications:
Our study revealed the key pathways involved in gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, thus providing potential therapeutic strategies.
Bone Marrow Avatars: Mimicking Hematopoiesis in a Dish
Authors: Derecka Marta , Crispino John D. 
Published: February 2023

Summary:
Faithful recapitulation of human bone marrow complexity has been a major challenge for the sci­entific community for many years. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Khan and colleagues present an improved induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocol that generates bone marrow organoids re-creating key characteristics of human marrow.
See related article by Khan et al., p. 364 (8).
ВПЛИВ ІНОЗИТОЛУ НА ОРГАНІЗМ ТА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ ФУНКЦІЮ ЖІНКИ
Authors: Хміль С. В. , Денефіль О. В. , Терлецька Н. Ю. , Хміль М. С. , Петришин Н. Я. 
Published: February 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета роботи – визначити склад, біологічну функцію інозитолу, вплив міо-інозитолу на організм жінки, репродуктивну функцію та лікування гінекологічних захворювань, роль у регуляції вуглеводневого та ліпідного обмінів.
Матеріал і методи. У дослідженні використано загальнонаукові методи дослідження: аналіз і синтез, індукція та дедукція, аналогія, абстрагування і конкретизація, системний аналіз, формалізація.
Результати. Під час виконання дослідження було проаналізовано 53 джерела сучасної вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури щодо інозитолу, міо-інозитолу та впливу його на організм та репродуктивну систему жінки.
Висновки. Аналіз літературних джерел показав, що міо-інозитол є важливим мікронутрієнтом для профілактики та лікування гінекологічних захворювань на фоні глікемії; жіночого безпліддя, як у природній концепції так і в циклах допоміжних репродуктивних технологій.
Знання та ставлення медичних працівників до інфекційного контролю: огляд світового досвіду
Authors: Зозуля Т. Д. , Галіяш Н. Б. , Галіяш Д. Р. 
Published: February 2023

Резюме. Враховуючи потенційний негативний вплив інфекцій, що передаються через кров медичним працівникам, та значний тягар для систем охорони здоров’я й економіки, важливо виявити чинники, які сприяють зараженню, щоб запропонувати дієві пропозиції щодо попередження інфікування та покращення якості життя медичних працівників.
Мета дослідження – з’ясувати рівень знань та ставлення медичних працівників до інфекційного контролю, а також потенційні чинники, що сприяють інфекційному контролю, на основі світового досвіду шляхом аналізу доступних інформаційних та літературних джерел.
Матеріали і методи. Здійснено аналіз інформаційних ресурсів Інтернет-мережі на платформах Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed та Index Medicus за останні десять років. Для пошуку було використано терміни англійською мовою: «infection control knowledge», «attitudes of healthcare workers toward infection control» та «potential factors contributing to infection control». Після відбору та прочитання повних текстів, враховуючи якість досліджень, 28 статей було обрано для аналізу.
Результати. Дослідження показали, що знання щодо профілактики інфекцій серед медичних працівників є недостатніми. Цю прогалину необхідно заповнити надійними емпіричними даними, які можна узагальнити. Вагомими чинниками поширення інфекцій у закладах охорони здоров’я є безтурботне і необізнане ставлення медичних працівників та відсутність належних заходів інфекційного контролю. Доцільно впроваджувати останні інноваційні технологічні рішення в медичних закладах, оскільки вони покращують безпеку пацієнтів і медичних працівників. Дотримання заходів інфекційного конт­ролю має бути пріоритетним у сфері охорони здоров’я. Медичні працівники повинні мати високий рівень обізнаності та належного дотримання запобіжних заходів під час роботи з гострими медичними предметами. Продемонстровано потребу в майбутніх дослідженнях із більш ефективними інтервенційними та неінтервенційними дизайнами для вивчення цього питання.
Висновки. Результати цього дослідження показали значний зв’язок між знаннями персоналу, його ставленням до запобіжних заходів та підвищеним ризиком і поширеністю інфекцій, що передаються через кров. Встановлено, що запобіжні заходи впливають на дотримання персоналом техніки безпеки при уколах голками. Аналіз наявних даних показав суттєві відмінності комплаєнсу медичних працівників залежно від наявного досвіду, знань та ставлення до запобіжних заходів із безпеки уколів голкою. Технічні зміни, усунення або заміна засобів контролю будуть достатньо ефективними для запобігання зараженню інфекціями.
Потенціювання негативного ефекту гербіциду гліфосату на цитокіновий профіль наночастинками оксиду цинку
Authors: Гапоненко Я. Ю. , Корда М. М. 
Published: February 2023

Резюме. Наночастинки, внаслідок їх здатності проникати через біологічні бар’єри і полегшувати транспорт всередину клітин хімічних сполук, потенційно можуть посилювати токсичний ефект останніх.
Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив наночастинок оксиду цинку на здатність гліфосату змінювати цитокіновий профіль крові щурів.
Матеріали і методи. Досліди виконано на 40 щурах-самцях, яким вводили щоденно внутрішньошлунково суспензію наночастинок ZnO в дозі 100 мг/кг, розчин гліфосату в дозі 250 мг/кг або суспензію наночастинок ZnO у розчині гліфосату. На 15-й день експерименту в сироватці крові щурів визначали концентрацію цитокінів TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 методом імуноферментного аналізу.
Результати. Встановлено, що під впливом наночастинок ZnO досліджувані показники не зазнавали достовірних змін. У сироватці крові щурів, яким вводили гліфосат, встановлено достовірне збільшення концентрації прозапальних цитокінів TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. Найбільш суттєво цитокіновий профіль змінювався у сироватці крові тварин, які зазнавали поєднаного впливу наночастинок і гліфосату. В цьому випадку концентрація TNF-α, IL-1β та IL-6 була достовірно вищою як порівняно з групою тварин, яким вводили тільки наночастинки, так і з тваринами, яким вводили сам гліфосат. Крім того, сумісне застосування наночастинок і гліфосату призводило до достовірного зниження рівнів IL-4 та IL-10 порівняно з усіма досліджуваними групами.
Висновки. Наночастинки оксиду цинку посилюють здатність хімічного токсиканта гліфосату підвищувати продукцію прозапальних цитокінів.