bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing critical population thresholds under periodic disturbances
Authors: Ackleh Azmy S. , Veprauskas Amy , Banks John , Stark John 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulation responses to repeated environmental or anthropogenic disturbances depend on complicated interactions between the disturbance regime, population structure, and differential stage susceptibility. Using a matrix modeling approach, we develop a methodological framework to explore how the interplay of these factors impacts critical population thresholds. To illustrate the wide applicability of this approach, we present two case studies pertaining to agroecosystems and conservation science. We apply sensitivity analysis to the two case studies to examine how population and disturbance properties affect these thresholds. Contrasting outcomes between these two applications, including differences in how factors such as disturbance intensity and pre‐disturbance population distributions impact population responses, highlight the importance of accounting for demographic features when performing ecological risk assessments.
Metal‐Free and Visible Light‐Induced Difunctionalizations of α‐CF3 Styrenes with Aryl Diazonium Salts and Hetero Nucleophiles
Authors: Zhang Lu , Liu Shuai , Ma Mingming , Shen Yuncheng , Gao Pin , Guo Li‐Na , Duan Xin‐Hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetal‐free, visible light‐induced difunctionalizations of α‐CF3 styrenes with aryl diazonium salts and various hetero nucleophiles (ROH, H2O, N3− and F−) are described. This concise protocol provided easy access to the α‐CF3 tertiary alkyl ethers, alcohol and fluorides with good yields and excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, the four‐component “SO2” insertion reaction also worked efficiently to produce the α‐CF3, β‐sulfonyl ethers in moderate to good yields. A radical‐polar crossover coupling pathway was proposed for the C−O bond formation.
Effect of spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM‐15 on spinal nerve injury in rats
Authors: Wang Tian Yu , Liang Ying Ying , Liu Qin , Wang Ding , Sun Qi , Li Run Tao , Yang Hua , Jiang Yi Min , Ye Jia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently available therapies for neuropathic pain show limited efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the anti‐nociceptive effect of the spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM‐15 in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats and to explore the potential mechanisms.MethodsMechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests were used to evaluate the effects of LXM‐15 in SNL rats. The expression of CaMKIIα, CREB, JAK2, STAT3, c‐fos and TNF‐α was detected by western blotting, ELISA or qRT‐PCR analysis. Receptor blocking test was performed to explore possible target.ResultsAdministration of LXM‐15 (1, 0.5, 0.25 mg/kg, i.g.) dose‐dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats subjected to SNL (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and the effects were completely blocked by peripheral α7 nicotinic or M4 muscarinic receptor antagonist (p > 0.05). LXM‐15 significantly decreased the overexpression of phosphorylated CaMKIIα, CREB, JAK2 and STAT3 proteins and the mRNA levels of TNF‐α and c‐fos (p < 0.01, p < 05). All of the effects could be blocked by α7 or M4 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, LXM‐15 reduced the protein expression of TNF‐α and c‐fos (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). No significant acute toxicity or abnormal hepatorenal function was observed.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report that LXM‐15 exerts significant anti‐nociceptive effect on SNL rats. This effect may occur by activating peripheral α7 nicotinic and M4 muscarinic receptors, further inhibiting the CaMKIIα/CREB and JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathways, and finally inhibiting the expression of TNF‐α and c‐fos.SignificanceExisting treatments for neuropathic pain show limited efficacy with severe adverse reactions. This paper is the first to report that LXM‐15, a new spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound, exerts a significant anti‐nociception in SNL rats without obvious toxicity. The underlying mechanisms include activating peripheral α7 nicotinic and M4 muscarinic receptors, then inhibiting the signalling pathways of CaMKIIα/CREB and JAK2/STAT3 and the expressions of TNF‐α and c‐fos. This study sheds new light on the development of novel analgesic drugs with fewer side effects.
Opportunities and challenges for sample preparation and enrichment in mass spectrometry for single‐cell metabolomics
Authors: Wevers Dirk , Ramautar Rawi , Clark Charlie , Hankemeier Thomas , Ali Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle‐cell heterogeneity in metabolism, drug resistance and disease type poses the need for analytical techniques for single‐cell analysis. As the metabolome provides the closest view of the status quo in the cell, studying the metabolome at single‐cell resolution may unravel said heterogeneity. A challenge in single‐cell metabolome analysis is that metabolites cannot be amplified, so one needs to deal with picolitre volumes and a wide range of analyte concentrations. Due to high sensitivity and resolution, MS is preferred in single‐cell metabolomics. Large numbers of cells need to be analysed for proper statistics; this requires high‐throughput analysis, and hence automation of the analytical workflow. Significant advances in (micro)sampling methods, CE and ion mobility spectrometry have been made, some of which have been applied in high‐throughput analyses. Microfluidics has enabled an automation of cell picking and metabolite extraction; image recognition has enabled automated cell identification. Many techniques have been used for data analysis, varying from conventional techniques to novel combinations of advanced chemometric approaches. Steps have been set in making data more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable, but significant opportunities for improvement remain. Herein, advances in single‐cell analysis workflows and data analysis are discussed, and recommendations are made based on the experimental goal.
Forecasting volatility with investor pessimism index: Exploring the predictive power of search queries
Authors: Chu Xiaojun , Xu Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses whether investor sentiment contains useful information to predict volatility by constructing investor pessimism index based on Baidu, which is the largest search engine in China. We discover that the investor pessimism index is significantly negatively correlated with contemporaneous returns but predicts following days' returns reversals. Furthermore, the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR‐RV) with investor pessimism index performs better than other HAR‐RV‐type benchmark models. We perform a series of robustness tests, which include alternative construction of investor pessimism index, crisis subsample, alternative predictive model, alternative measures of volatility, and considering the role of institutional investor. Our results remain robust. Taken together, investor pessimism index constructed in this paper seem to be a suitable proxy to measure investor sentiment in China and can enhance the accuracy of volatility forecasting in the Chinese stock market.
Felsbauplanung mit dem geotechnischen Werkzeugkasten von morgen: Perspektiven der Entwicklung der dritten Generation des Eurocodes 2035
Authors: Harrison John P. , Burbaum Ulrich , Lamas Luis , Spross Johan , Stille Håkan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current Eurocode revision process is sought to improve Eurocode 7 for application to rock engineering, while including only techniques and procedures that are in widespread customary use. The revision process has exposed much about the application of the Eurocodes to rock engineering, thereby offering hints as to what material should be included in the next revision – tentatively suggested for publication in 2035. Crucially, ideas have developed about how rock engineering practice may need to develop to embrace the principles on which the Eurocodes are based. In particular, aspects of determining the properties of rock masses, and design verification by observational methods, partial factors, numerical modelling, and prescriptive rules are all thought to require significant improvement or dramatic modification. This paper highlights challenges identified regarding the application of the Eurocodes to rock engineering, and which will need to be addressed in the future. Ideas are presented about how these challenges may be overcome, but these are given in the spirit of stimulating ongoing conversation within the rock mechanics and rock engineering community rather than presenting definite proposals.
Identification of gastric cancer types based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Tian Chongxuan , Su Wenjing , Huang Sirui , Shao Bowen , Li Xueyi , Zhang Yuanbo , Wang Bingjie , Yu Xiaojing , Li Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGastric cancer is becoming the second biggest cause of death from cancer. Treatment and prognosis of different types of gastric cancer vary greatly. However, the routine pathological examination is limited to the tissue level and is easily affected by subjective factors. In our study, we examined gastric mucosal samples from 50 normal tissue and 90 cancer tissues. Hyperspectral imaging technology was used to obtain spectral information. A two‐classification model for normal tissue and cancer tissue identification and a four‐classification model for cancer type identification are constructed based on the improved deep residual network (IDRN). The accuracy of the two‐classification model and four‐classification model are 0.947 and 0.965. Hyperspectral imaging technology was used to extract molecular information to realize real‐time diagnosis and accurate typing. The results show that hyperspectral imaging technique has good effect on diagnosis and type differentiation of gastric cancer, which is expected to be used in auxiliary diagnosis and treatment.
Cardiovascular human organ‐on‐a‐chip platform for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy
Authors: Khanna Astha , Oropeza Beu P. , Huang Ngan F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCardiovascular organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) devices are composed of engineered or native functional tissues that are cultured under controlled microenvironments inside microchips. These systems employ microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques to recapitulate human physiology. This review focuses on human OoC systems to model cardiovascular diseases, to perform drug screening, and to advance personalized medicine. We also address the challenges in the generation of organ chips that can revolutionize the large‐scale application of these systems for drug development and personalized therapy.
Protein intake in cancer: Does it improve nutritional status and/or modify tumour response to chemotherapy?
Authors: Boutière Martin , Cottet‐Rousselle Cécile , Coppard Céline , Couturier Karine , Féart Catherine , Couchet Morgane , Corne Christelle , Moinard Christophe , Breuillard Charlotte 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCombating malnutrition and cachexia is a core challenge in oncology. To limit muscle mass loss, the use of proteins in cancer is encouraged by experts in the field, but it is still debated due to their antagonist effects. Indeed, a high protein intake could preserve lean body mass but may promote tumour growth, whereas a low‐protein diet could reduce tumour size but without addressing cachexia. Here we used a realistic rodent model of cancer and chemotherapy to evaluate the influence of different protein intakes on cachexia, tumour response to chemotherapy and immune system response. The goal is to gain a closer understanding of the effect of protein intake in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsFemale Fischer 344 rats were divided into six groups: five groups (n = 14 per group) with cancer (Ward colon tumour) and chemotherapy were fed with isocaloric diets with 8%, 12%, 16%, 24% or 32% of caloric intake from protein and one healthy control group (n = 8) fed a 16% protein diet, considered as a standard diet. Chemotherapy included two cycles, 1 week apart, each consisting of an injection of CPT‐11 (50 mg/kg) followed by 5‐fluorouracil (50 mg/kg) the day after. Food intake, body weight, and tumour size were measured daily. On day 9, the rats were euthanized and organs were weighed. Body composition was determined and protein content and protein synthesis (SUnSET method) were measured in the muscle, liver, intestine, and tumour. Immune function was explored by flow cytometry.ResultsCancer and chemotherapy led to a decrease in body weight characterized by a decrease of both fat mass (−56 ± 3%, P < 0.05) and fat‐free mass (−8 ± 1%, P < 0.05). Surprisingly, there was no effect of protein diet on body composition, muscle or tumour parameters (weight, protein content, or protein synthesis) but a high cumulative protein intake was positively associated with a high relative body weight and high fat‐free mass. The immune system was impacted by cancer and chemotherapy but not by the different amount of protein intake.ConclusionsUsing a realistic model of cancer and chemotherapy, we demonstrated for the first time that protein intake did not positively or negatively modulate tumour growth. Moreover, our results suggested that a high cumulative protein intake was able to improve moderately nutritional status in chemotherapy treated cancer rodents. Although this work cannot be evaluated clinically for ethical reasons, it nevertheless brings an essential contribution to nutrition management for cancer patients.
Application of the D3‐creatine muscle mass assessment tool to a geriatric weight loss trial: A pilot study
Authors: Beavers Kristen M. , Avery Allison E. , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Evans William J. , Lynch S. Delanie , Dwyer Caitlyn , Howard Marjorie , Beavers Daniel P. , Weaver Ashley A. , Lenchik Leon , Cawthon Peggy M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, weight loss (WL) trials utilize dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure lean mass. This method assumes lean mass, as the sum of all non‐bone and non‐fat tissue, is a reasonable proxy for muscle mass. In contrast, the D3‐creatine (D3Cr) dilution method directly measures whole body skeletal muscle mass, although this method has yet to be applied in the context of a geriatric WL trial. The purpose of this project was to (1) describe estimates of change and variability in D3Cr muscle mass in older adults participating in an intentional WL intervention and (2) relate its change to other measures of body composition as well as muscle function and strength.MethodsThe INVEST in Bone Health trial (NCT04076618), used as a scaffold for this ancillary pilot project, is a three‐armed, 12‐month randomized, controlled trial designed to determine the effects of resistance training or weighted vest use during intentional WL on a battery of musculoskeletal health outcomes among 150 older adults living with obesity. A convenience sample of 24 participants (n = 8/arm) are included in this analysis. At baseline and 6 months, participants were weighed, ingested a 30 mg D3Cr tracer dose, provided a fasted urine sample 3–6 days post‐dosage, underwent DXA (total body fat and lean masses, appendicular lean mass) and computed tomography (mid‐thigh and trunk muscle/intermuscular fat areas) scans, and performed 400‐m walk, stair climb, knee extensor strength, and grip strength tests.ResultsParticipants were older (68.0 ± 4.4 years), mostly White (75.0%), predominantly female (66.7%), and living with obesity (body mass index: 33.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2). Six month total body WL was −10.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: −12.7, −7.9) kg. All DXA and computed tomography‐derived body composition measures were significantly decreased from baseline, yet D3Cr muscle mass did not change [+0.5 (95% CI: −2.0, 3.0) kg]. Of muscle function and strength measures, only grip strength significantly changed [+2.5 (95% CI: 1.0, 4.0) kg] from baseline.ConclusionsAmong 24 older adults, significant WL with or without weighted vest use or resistance training over a 6‐month period was associated with significant declines in all bioimaging metrics, while D3Cr muscle mass and muscle function and strength were preserved. Treatment assignment for the trial remains blinded; therefore, full interpretation of these findings is limited. Future work in this area will assess change in D3Cr muscle mass by parent trial treatment group assignment in all study participants.
Sustained improvements by behavioural parent training for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta‐analytic review of longer‐term child and parental outcomes
Authors: Doffer Dominique P. A. , Dekkers Tycho J. , Hornstra Rianne , van der Oord Saskia , Luman Marjolein , Leijten Patty , Hoekstra Pieter J. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Groenman Annabeth P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural parent training is an evidence‐based intervention for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but little is known about the extent to which initial benefits are maintained.AimsThis meta‐analytic review investigated longer‐term (i.e., more than 2 months post‐intervention) child and parental outcomes of behavioural parent training for children with ADHD.Materials & MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials and examined ADHD symptoms, behavioural problems, positive parenting, negative parenting, parenting sense of competence, parent‐child relationship quality, and parental mental health as outcomes. We included 27 studies (31 interventions; 217 effect sizes), used multilevel random‐effects meta‐analyses for between‐ and within‐group comparisons (pre‐intervention to follow‐up and post‐intervention to follow‐up), and explored twelve predictors of change.ResultsBetween pre‐intervention and follow‐up (M = 5.3 months), we found significant small‐to‐moderate between‐group effects of the intervention on ADHD symptoms, behavioural problems, positive parenting, parenting sense of competence and parent‐child relationship quality. Within‐group findings show sustained improvements in the intervention conditions for all outcome domains. There were few significant changes from post‐intervention to follow‐up. Additionally, the large majority of the individual effect sizes indicated sustained outcomes from post‐intervention to follow‐up. There were seven significant predictors of change in child outcomes, including stronger reductions in ADHD symptoms of girls and behaviour problems of younger children. In contrast with some meta‐analyses on short‐term effects, we found no differences between masked and unmasked outcomes on ADHD symptoms at follow‐up.Discussion & ConclusionWe conclude that behavioural parent training has longer‐term benefits for children's ADHD symptoms and behavioural problems, and for positive parenting behaviours, parenting sense of competence and quality of the parent‐child relationship.
Monitoring of leucine‐rich alpha‐2‐glycoprotein and assessment by small bowel capsule endoscopy are prognostic for Crohn's disease patients
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Dai Kazuki , Horiuchi Masashi , Horii Toshiki , Furukawa Shigeru , Maemoto Atsuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopy is important to determine the effectiveness of treatment for Crohn's disease (CD), but searching the entire small intestine is difficult. Thus, we investigated the usefulness of leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein (LRG), a new biomarker for predicting mucosal activity, in evaluating the activity of CD small intestinal lesions. This will further determine whether the results of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) affect the prognosis of patients with CD.MethodsA total of 114 patients with CD who underwent SBCE were included. We analyzed the correlation between LRG and Capsule Endoscopy Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CECDAI). The cutoff value of LRG to achieve mucosal healing was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Then, we compared the presence or absence of intervention and the relapse rate of patients who could not achieve mucosal healing.ResultsThe CECDAI correlated with LRG. The calculated LRG value for achieving mucosal healing was ≤11.9. Ninety‐one patients were in clinical remission at the time of SBCE. During the follow‐up period, 17 patients relapsed. As a result of SBCE, when no treatment intervention was performed in the case of CECDAI ≥3.5, the relapse rate was significantly higher than when CECDAI <3.5 or intervention was performed in the case of CECDAI ≥3.5.ConclusionsThe results reveal that LRG correlates with the activity of the entire small intestine and that SBCE assessment and therapeutic intervention can influence patient prognosis.
Synthesis, characterization of new α‐quinolin‐3‐yl‐α‐(aminoamides, aminoesters) and bi‐heterocyclic aromatic systems from gem‐dicyanoepoxides and their pharmacological activity as antioxidant and antifungal agents
Authors: Bouria Houria , Alliouche Hayette , Chouiter Mohamed Imed , Bouraiou Abdelmalek , Merazig Hocine , Silva Artur M. S. , Belfaitah Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNew series of quinoline coupled to diversely functionalized heterocyclic cores were synthesized, via appropriate synthetic routes, using 3‐(quinolin‐3‐yl) oxirane‐2,2‐carbonitriles as key intermediates. The epoxide ring opening gave bi‐heterocyclic hybrids such as α‐quinolin‐3‐yl‐α‐aminoacetic acid derivatives, quinoxaline‐ and benzimidazole‐quinoline hybrids, and quinoline‐1,3‐oxathioles. Some selected bi‐heterocyclic hybrids were evaluated in vitro for their antioxidant potential using DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods, and their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. It was demonstrated that bi‐heterocyclic aromatic systems exhibited significant antioxidant activities, which are similar in magnitude to those of standards BHT and BHA with important IC50 values. The SAR study of the antifungal activity revealed that only compounds bearing a 2‐imino‐1,3‐oxathiole nucleus are active showing interesting results. Crystal X‐ray structures for two compounds are also reported.
Casein phosphopeptide calcium chelation: preparation optimization, in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion, and peptide fragment exploration
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Ruixue , Bai Huasong , Wang Songjun , Liu Tong , Zhang Xin , Wang Zhanzhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalcium is important in the formation of bones and teeth, cell metabolism, and other physiological activities. In this work, casein phosphopeptide‐calcium chelate (CPP‐Ca) was synthesized and the optimal process parameters for the chelation reaction were obtained. The bioavailability of calcium in CPP‐Ca was investigated by in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion. The existence of phytic acid and oxalic acid in the digestion system was evaluated to clarify the calcium holding ability of casein phosphopeptide (CPP). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used to identify oligopeptides from CPP‐Ca.RESULTSThe optimal process parameters for the chelation reaction were: peptide concentration 7.76 mgmL−1, pH 8.54, and reaction temperature 43.3 °C. The digestion in vitro results indicated that the calcium release rate of CPP‐Ca in the stomach for 2 h reached 85%, and about 50% of the ionized calcium was re‐chelated with CPP in the intestine. Phytic acid and oxalic acid could lead to a sharp decrease in soluble calcium but around 50% of the calcium was still retained in the form of chelates in the presence of CPP. The LC‐MS/MS identified 19 casein‐derived oligopeptides after digestion, and calcium modifications were found on eight peptides derived from β‐casein and αs2‐casein.CONCLUSIONSThis study clarified the excellent calcium holding capacity of CPP in the presence of phytic acid and oxalic acid. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry also revealed peptide changes, and identified peptides that chelate with calcium. These findings provided significant insights that could be relevant to the further utilization and product development of peptide‐calcium chelate in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.