bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of carboxylated poly‐l‐lysine for cryopreservation of Labeo rohita sperm
Authors: Bibi Shaista , Awan Muhammad Amjad , Rakha Bushra Allah , Ejaz Rabea , Qadeer Saima , Arshad Javeria , Anjum Muhammad Zubair , Akhter Shamim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCarboxylated poly‐l‐lysine (CPLL) is an anti‐freeze agent having pronounced non‐permeating yet membrane stabilizing cryoprotective capabilities. The objective was to evaluate the CPLL supplementation in extender in terms of post‐thaw quality (sperm), total anti‐oxidant activity (milt) and fertilization potential of cryopreserved Labeo rohita sperm. For this purpose, male brood fish reared at a fish seed hatchery, Rawal Town Islamabad, Pakistan were captured from different rearing ponds and acclimatized in hatchery ponds for 6 h. The brooder was injected with Ovaprim (0.2 mL/kg), and milt was collected after 8 h in cooled sterilized falcon tubes, maintained at 4°C and evaluated for sperm motility. The milt collected from three brooders (n = 3) was diluted in extenders viz., modified Kurokura‐2 extender having 10% methanol (control); experimental extenders with CPLL supplementation at the rate of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Diluted milt was filled in 0.5 mL straws, exposed to liquid nitrogen vapours and cryopreserved. Cryopreserved milt was thawed at 25°C and assessed for post‐thaw sperm quality. Sperm motility, motility duration, viability, total anti‐oxidant capacity and DNA integrity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the extender having 1.5% CPLL than control. To evaluate the fertilization rates, male and female brooders were injected with Ovaprim at 0.2 mL/Kg and 0.5 mL/Kg body weight respectively. Fresh eggs and milt were collected through abdominal stripping. Batches of 10 g of eggs from each female (n = 2) were fertilized with one straw, each from frozen sperm with KE + methanol (control), KE + methanol + 1.5% CPLL and 50 μL fresh milt (negative control). After 1.5 h of fertilization, eggs were collected from all jars and a total of 200 eggs were counted. The fertilized eggs appeared clear and transparent while unfertilized eggs looked opaque with disintegrated nuclei. Sperm fertilization rate (%) was higher (p < 0.05) in extender KE + methanol + 1.5% CPLL (78.7 ± 0.5) compared to control (KE + methanol) (52.0 ± 0.4) however, it was lower compared to that of negative control, the fresh milt (85.2 ± 0.6). In conclusion, supplementation of carboxylated poly‐l‐lysine (1.5%) to modified Kurokura‐2 extender having 10% methanol improves post‐thaw motility, motility duration, viability, DNA integrity, anti‐oxidant capacity (milt) and fertilizing ability of cryopreserved L. rohita sperm.
Oral flora and functional dysbiosis of cleft lip and palate patients: A scoping review
Authors: Alansari Nadia , Abed Hassan , Abid Mushriq 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThis scoping review aimed to conduct an assessment of the current literature on specific ecological changes in the oral microbiota of individuals living with cleft lip and/or palate.MethodsAll studies that assess oral microbiota and ecological changes distinct of individuals living with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were used, using planned search keywords. Included articles were grouped into cohort, cross‐sectional, case‐control, and retrospective reviews.ResultsA total of 164 eligible title articles were recognized. Of these, 32 full‐text studies were included in the present review. All the included articles were published between 1992 and 2022. These studies were two retrospective studies, two review studies, and the remaining (n = 28) were observational studies.ConclusionThe oral flora of cleft lip and/or palate patients has been shown in scientific studies to have an increased frequency of potentially pathogenic fungal and bacterial colonization, particularly Candida species, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacili and Streptococci mutans. This may influence oral diseases and post‐operative repair complications, potentially necessitating further surgical intervention.
Educational and personal burnout and burnout regarding collaborating with fellow university nursing students during COVID‐19 in 2020–2021
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Flygenring Birna Gudrun , Bernhardsdottir Johanna , Thorsrteinsson Hrund Sch , Svavarsdottir Margret Hronn , Kristofersson Gisli Kort , Sveinsdóttir Herdís 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge is lacking about the effects of COVID‐19 on nursing students' burnout symptoms. Burnout can lead to negative feelings and behaviours towards learning and poor mental health.AimsTo describe and compare nursing/midwifery students' burnout, explore differences and detect predictors at two time points through COVID‐19.MethodsStudents were offered participation in the spring semesters of 2020 and 2021 (N = 2046), during COVID‐19. The response rate was 30–33%. By using reliable and valid instruments, the students’ stress and burnout were analysed as well as the students’ health and perceived support.ResultsSymptoms of academic burnout were higher among 1st and 2nd year BSc students in 2021. On the contrary, 3rd and 4th year students had higher academic and personal burnout than graduate students as well as than 1st and 2nd year students. Regarding academic burnout, 47% of the variability was explained by educational level, support, stress and the interactional effect of stress and support. Collaborational burnout, predicted by the students' educational level and support, explained 7% of the variability in the outcome. Additionally, educational level, and stress, predicted 52% of the variability in personal burnout.ConclusionEducators or student counsellors need to facilitate effective learning practices and offer academic support, specifically during 3rd and 4th year to boost helpful coping strategies and handle uncertainty and stressors related to crises such as COVID‐19.
A mechanistic approach for interpreting hydroclimate from halite‐bearing sediments
Authors: Sirota Ido , Armon Moshe , Ben Dor Yoav , Morin Efrat , Lensky Nadav G. , Enzel Yehouda 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTEstablishing accurate palaeo‐hydroclimatic reconstructions from lacustrine and marine archives is a long‐standing challenge in palaeoenvironment studies. Closed‐basin evaporites, and especially halite, record episodes of extremely arid conditions during rapid climate change. However, the complex limnological behaviour of deep hypersaline water bodies and the stochastic nature of the hydroclimatic regime and its variations limit detailed palaeo‐hydroclimatic interpretations from such records. Therefore, a mass‐balance model was developed to explore hydrology–limnology–sedimentology relationships in hypersaline environments under both deterministic and stochastic approaches that generates synthetic halite–mud sequences. Applying the model to the Holocene Dead Sea halites yields novel insights into palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Levant. The deterministic framework indicates that: (i) under a series of similar hydroclimatic cycles, the thickness of each subsequent halite interval decreases, due to the depletion of dissolved‐ions storage in the brine; (ii) halite deposition requires lake levels to drop below the minimal lake level of the preceding cycle; (iii) the time interval between halite deposition and the hydrological minimum is increasingly longer in subsequent cycles. Thus, counter‐intuitively, halite deposition mostly takes place as water discharge increases, providing that the water balance is still negative. The stochastic approach produced random sequences comparable to the observed Dead Sea sedimentary record. It demonstrates that some hydrological minima are not represented by halite deposition at all. Furthermore, the thickness and number of halite beds at each hydrological cycle vary substantially, depending on the specific hydrological conditions realized. Finally, these results imply that the major Dead Sea level drop at the pre‐Holocene deglaciation (ca 14 ka bp), previously assumed to be a record minimum, could not have been as pronounced as suggested, and must have been milder than the subsequent drop at the early Holocene (ca 11–10 ka bp).
A tale of two inverses
Authors: Oxford Will 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe functional‐typological literature distinguishes two kinds of inverse constructions: inverse voice, in which the patient becomes the subject, and inverse alignment, in which the patient is agreed with like a canonical subject. In this literature, Algonquian languages are held to be the prototypical example of a system in which the two kinds of inverses coexist: the inverse is a “deep” voice construction in clauses with two third‐person arguments and a “shallow” alignment pattern in clauses in which a third person acts on a speech‐act participant. This article argues that that conclusion is correct and attempts to reconcile it with formal models of voice and agreement. It is proposed that despite their distinct syntactic underpinnings, both inverse constructions result in a derivation in which Voice lacks phi features and Infl indexes only the patient. This shared outcome explains why the inverse appears to be a unified phenomenon from a morphological perspective even though its syntactic correlates differ in third‐person and speech‐act‐participant contexts.
‘They should show them love even if their status of beingHIVpositive is known’: Youth and caregiver stigma experience and strategies to endHIVstigma in schools
Authors: Njuguna Irene , Moraa Hellen , Mugo Cyrus , Mbwayo Anne , Nyapara Florence , Aballa Calvins , Wagner Anjuli D. , Wamalwa Dalton , John‐Stewart Grace , Inwani Irene , O'Malley Gabrielle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveHIV stigma and discrimination is widespread in sub‐Saharan Africa and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Schools play a critical role in the life of youth and have been identified as a potentially stigmatising environment. We sought to explore school HIV stigma drivers, facilitators, manifestations and outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLH) as well as potential stigma reduction interventions in Kenya.MethodsSemi‐structured in‐depth qualitative interviews with 28 school‐attending YLH aged 14–19 years and 24 caregivers of YLH were analysed using directed content analysis. Results were summarised using the Health and Stigma Framework.ResultsDrivers and facilitators of HIV stigma in the school environment included misconceptions about HIV transmission, HIV treatment outcomes and long‐term overall health of people living with HIV. HIV stigma manifested largely as gossip, isolation and loss of friendships. Fear of HIV stigma or experienced stigma resulted in poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment—particularly among YLH in boarding schools—and poor mental health. Stigma also impacted school choice (boarding vs. day school) and prevented HIV disclosure to schools which was necessary for optimal support for care. Proposed interventions to address HIV stigma in schools included HIV education, psychosocial support for YLH, support for HIV disclosure to schools while ensuring confidentiality and building YLH resilience.ConclusionThere is an urgent need to develop interventions to address HIV stigma in schools to ensure optimised health and social outcomes for YLH. Future studies to understand the most effective and efficient interventions are needed.
Zinc deficiency‐induced defensin‐like proteins are involved in the inhibition of root growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kimura Sachie , Vaattovaara Aleksia , Ohshita Tomoya , Yokoyama Kotomi , Yoshida Kota , Hui Agnes , Kaya Hidetaka , Ozawa Ai , Kobayashi Mami , Mori Izumi C. , Ogata Yoshiyuki , Ishino Yoko , Sugano Shigeo S. , Nagano Minoru , Fukao Yoichiro 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYThe depletion of cellular zinc (Zn) adversely affects plant growth. Plants have adaptation mechanisms for Zn‐deficient conditions, inhibiting growth through the action of transcription factors and metal transporters. We previously identified three defensin‐like (DEFL) proteins (DEFL203, DEFL206 and DEFL208) that were induced in Arabidopsis thaliana roots under Zn‐depleted conditions. DEFLs are small cysteine‐rich peptides involved in defense responses, development and excess metal stress in plants. However, the functions of DEFLs in the Zn‐deficiency response are largely unknown. Here, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that seven DEFLs (DEFL202–DEFL208) were categorized into one subgroup. Among the seven DEFLs, the transcripts of five (not DEFL204 and DEFL205) were upregulated by Zn deficiency, consistent with the presence of cis‐elements for basic‐region leucine‐zipper 19 (bZIP19) or bZIP23 in their promoter regions. Microscopic observation of GFP‐tagged DEFL203 showed that DEFL203‐sGFP was localized to the apoplast and plasma membrane. Whereas a single mutation of the DEFL202 or DEFL203 genes only slightly affected root growth, defl202 defl203 double mutants showed enhanced root growth under all growth conditions. We also showed that the size of the root meristem was increased in the double mutants compared with the wild type. Our results suggest that DEFL202 and DEFL203 are redundantly involved in the inhibition of root growth under Zn‐deficient conditions through a reduction in root meristem length and cell number.
Immunoglobulin E‐specific allergens against leaf in serum of dogs with clinical features of grass leaf allergy
Authors: Mason Ken , Davies Janet , Ruutu Merja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundGrass leaf has been suspected of causing immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions in humans and dogs. However, most studies in this area are case‐control studies without in vitro data showing the involvement of IgE in the reaction. Laboratory studies have demonstrated the reactivity to a 50–55 kDa protein with clinical signs immediately after contact with grass leaf material. The clinical findings of dogs with atopic‐like dermatitis immediately after contact with grass leaf material suggest the involvement of grass leaves as the allergen source.ObjectivesThis study was designed to test the IgE‐reactivity of grass leaf proteins in dogs with clinical signs and positive scratch test results against grass leaf material.Materials and MethodsThe serum of 41 patients with a history of allergy and suspected to grass leaf material was immunoblotted against grass leaf extracts from five suspected grass species. The IgE‐positive blots were separated with 2D gel electrophoresis and analysed with mass spectrometry (MS). Commercially supplied proteins were used to validate immunoblot activity.ResultsThe serum of 25 dogs diagnosed with grass dermatitis had positive IgE‐specific immunoblot against one or more grass leaf extracts. The MS data indicated a reactive band at 55 kDa to be beta‐amylase or RuBisCO (ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) large subunit (RbLS). All tested dog sera showed IgE‐reactivity with beta‐amylase and some with RbLS.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCanines with clinical signs of grass‐related dermatitis had IgE‐reactivity against grass leaf proteins. Serum IgE‐reactivity to beta‐amylase and RuBisCO large subunit may indicate that these proteins act as allergens, possibly causing pruritus and skin lesions.
Two cases of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis infection transmitted through transfusion of platelet concentrate derived from separate blood donations by the same donor
Authors: Kozakai Moe , Matsumoto Mami , Takakura Akiko , Furuta Rika A. , Matsubayashi Keiji , Goto Naoko , Satake Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) in Japan have been largely prevented due to a short shelf life of 3.5 days after blood collection for platelet concentrate (PC) and washed PCs (WPCs; PC in which 95% plasma is replaced by platelet additive solution).Case PresentationCase 1: In January 2018, a woman in her 50s with aplastic anaemia who received WPC transfusion and developed a fever the next day and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) was detected in the residual WPC. Case 2: In May 2018, a man in his 60s with a haematologic malignancy who received PC transfusion and developed chills during the transfusion. SDSE was detected in the patient's blood and residual PC.The contaminated platelet products were both manufactured from blood donated by the same donor. The multi‐locus sequencing typing revealed that SDSE detected in case 1 was identical to that from case 2; however, whole blood subsequently obtained from the donor was culture negative.ConclusionWPC and PC produced from two blood donated 106 days apart by the same donor were contaminated with SDSE of the same strain and both caused TTBIs. Safety measures should be considered regarding blood collection from a donor with a history of bacterial contamination.
Constitutive Relation Development for Fused Deposition Modeling Three-Dimensional Printing Materials and Simulation of Printing Direction Combination
Authors: Li Meng , Sun Bo-Hua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the forming or curing process, the materials of three-dimensional (3D) printing have periodic meso-defects, which result in complex constitutive relations and anisotropy. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is a typical 3D printing process, inevitably introduces stacking pore defects due to the three-dimensional stacking of materials along the printing direction. At present, research focuses on the mechanical properties of materials printed along only one single direction. To consider the possibility of changing the mechanical properties of materials by adjusting the printing direction, the change in the properties of printing materials along the multiple printing direction combinations was analyzed in this paper. First, based on a continuous medium model, the constitutive model proposed by Garzon-Hernandez et al. was considered, and then to improve the prediction accuracy of the model in the plastic stage, a model describing the porosity change rate of porous materials was introduced to obtain better prediction results. Then, the finite element method (FEM) was developed using the new constitutive relation model implemented by the user defined material subroutine (USERMAT) into ansys software. Second, through the finite element subroutine, the mechanical response of the FDM 3D printing plate with two different printing direction combinations was simulated. The results show that by adjusting the print direction combination of the double-layer FDM 3D printing materials, the materials show a different anisotropy, maximum bearing capacity of tension and shear and buckling resistance.
Effectiveness of 448-kHz Capacitive Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency Therapy After Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage to Restore Muscle Strength and Contractile Parameters
Authors: Šimunič Boštjan , Doles Monika , Kelc Robi , Švent Andrej 
Published: May 2023

Context: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is prevalent especially in sports and rehabilitation. It causes loss in skeletal muscle function and soreness. As there are no firm preventive strategies, we aimed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of nonthermal 448-kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) therapy after eccentric bouts of EIMD response in knee flexors. Design: Twenty-nine healthy males (age: 25.2 [4.6] y) were randomized in control group (CG; n = 15) and experimental group (EG; n = 14) where EG followed 5 daily 448-kHz CRMRF therapies. All assessments were performed at baseline and post EIMD (EIMD + 1, EIMD + 2, EIMD + 5, and EIMD + 9 d). We measured tensiomyography of biceps femoris and semitendinosus to calculate contraction time, the maximal displacement and the radial velocity of contraction, unilateral isometric knee flexors maximal voluntary contraction torque, and rate of torque development in first 100 milliseconds. Results: Maximal voluntary contraction torque and rate of torque development in first 100 milliseconds decreased more in CG than in EG and recovered only in EG. Biceps femoris contraction time increased only in CG (without recovery), whereas in semitendinosus contraction time increased in EG (only at EIMD + 1) and in CG (without recovery). In both muscles, tensiomyographic maximal displacement decreased in EG (in EIMD + 1 and EIMD + 2) and in CG (without recovery). Furthermore, in both muscles, radial velocity of contraction decreased in EG (from EIMD + 1 until EIMD + 5) and in CG (without recovery). Conclusion: The study shows beneficial effect of CRMRF therapy after inducing EIMD in skeletal muscle strength and contractile parameters in knee flexors.
Study on the application effect of the family doctor contract service mode of ‘basic package+personalised package’ in elderly hypertension management in Chengdu, China: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Du Qiujing , Ye Jiayi , Feng Jinhua , Gao Shilin , Li Ka 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesWe conducted this study to assess the application effect of the family doctor contract service mode of ‘basic package+personalised package’ in the management of hypertension patients.DesignObservational study.SettingThe study was conducted at a community health centre in Southwest China. Data were collected from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020.ParticipantsFrom 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020, hypertensive patients (age ≥65 years) who participated in the contract services of family doctors at a community health service centre in Chengdu, Southwest China, were selected as the study subjects.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes included mean blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) and the rate of blood pressure control, secondary outcomes included the level of cardiovascular disease risk and self-management ability. Assessments of baseline and 6 months after signing up were conducted on all outcomes. The major statistical analysis methods included two independent sample t-tests, paired t-tests, Pearson’s χ2test, McNemar’s test, two independent sample Mann-Whitney U tests and paired sample marginal homogeneity tests.ResultsOf the 10 970 patients screened for eligibility, 968 (8.8%) were separated into an observation group (receiving ‘basic package+personalised package (hypertension)’ service) (n=403) and a control group (receiving ‘basic package’ service) (n=565) according to the type of service package they received. In comparison to the control group, the observation group had lower mean systolic blood pressure (p=0.023), higher blood pressure control rate (p<0.001), lower cardiovascular disease risk level (p<0.001) and higher self-management ability level (p<0.001) at 6 months after signing up. The mean diastolic blood pressure of the two groups was not significantly different (p=0.735).ConclusionsThe family doctor contract service model of ‘basic package+personalised package (hypertension)’ has a good application effect in the management of elderly hypertension, which can improve the average blood pressure, the rate of blood pressure control, the level of cardiovascular disease risk and self-management ability of the elderly with hypertension.