bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet With the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Chen Hui , Dhana Klodian , Huang Yuhui , Huang Liyan , Tao Yang , Liu Xiaoran , Melo van Lent Debora , Zheng Yan , Ascherio Alberto , Willett Walter , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceDementia threatens the well-being of older adults, making efforts toward prevention of great importance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of the Mediterranean–Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with the risk of dementia in 3 prospective studies and a meta-analysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort analyses included the Whitehall II study (WII), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (FOS), and the meta-analysis included 11 cohort studies. Participants were middle-aged and older women and men from WII in 2002 to 2004, HRS in 2013, and FOS in 1998 to 2001 without dementia at the study baseline. Data were analyzed from May 25 to September 1, 2022.ExposuresMIND diet score was measured using food frequency questionnaires, and scores ranged from 0 to 15, with a higher score indicating higher adherence to the MIND diet.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncident all-cause dementia, with cohort-specific definitions.ResultsIncluded in this study were 8358 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.2 [6.0] years; 5777 male [69.1%]) from WII, 6758 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.5 [10.4] years; 3965 female [58.7%]) from HRS, and 3020 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.2 [9.1] years; 1648 female [54.6%]) from FOS. The mean (SD) baseline MIND diet score was 8.3 (1.4) in WII, 7.1 (1.9) in HRS, and 8.1 (1.6) in FOS. Over 166 516 person-years, a total of 775 participants (220 in WII, 338 in HRS, and 217 in FOS) developed incident dementia. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, higher MIND diet score was associated with lower risk of dementia (pooled hazard ratio [HR] for every 3-point increment, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95; P for trend = .01; I2 = 0%). The associations were consistently observed in subgroups defined by sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index. In the meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies with 224 049 participants (5279 incident dementia cases), the highest tertile of MIND diet score was associated with lower risk of dementia compared with the lowest tertile (pooled HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90; I2 = 35%).Conclusions and RelevanceResults suggest that adherence to the MIND diet was associated with lower risk of incident dementia in middle-aged and older adults. Further studies are warranted to develop and refine the specific MIND diet for different populations.
Outcomes of Postoperative Overnight High-Acuity Care in Medium-Risk Patients Undergoing Elective and Unplanned Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Ludbrook Guy , Grocott Michael P. W. , Heyman Kathy , Clarke-Errey Sandy , Royse Colin , Sleigh Jamie , Solomon L. Bogdan 
Published: May 2023

ImportancePostoperative complications are increasing, risking patients’ health and health care sustainability. High-acuity postoperative units may benefit outcomes, but existing data are very limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a new high-acuity postoperative unit, advanced recovery room care (ARRC), reduces complications and health care utilization compared with usual ward care (UC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this observational cohort study, adults who were undergoing noncardiac surgery at a single-center tertiary adult hospital, anticipated to stay in hospital for 2 or more nights, were scheduled for postoperative ward care, and at medium risk (defined as predicted 30-day mortality of 0.7% to 5% by the National Safety Quality Improvement Program risk calculator) were included. Allocation to ARRC was based on bed availability. From 2405 patients assessed for eligibility with National Safety Quality Improvement Program risk scoring, 452 went to ARRC and 419 to UC, with 8 lost to 30-day follow-up. Propensity scoring identified 696 patients with matched pairs. Patients were treated between March and November 2021, and data were analyzed from January to September 2022.InterventionsARRC is an extended postanesthesia care unit (PACU), staffed by anesthesiologists and nurses (1 nurse to 2 patients) collaboratively with surgeons, with capacity for invasive monitoring and vasoactive infusions. ARRC patients were treated until the morning after surgery, then transferred to surgical wards. UC patients were transferred to surgical wards after usual PACU care.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary end point was days at home at 30 days. Secondary end points were health facility utilization, medical emergency response (MER)–level complications, and mortality. Analyses compared groups before and after propensity scoring matching.ResultsOf 854 included patients, 457 (53.5%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 70.0 (14.4) years. Days at home at 30 days was greater with ARRC compared with UC (mean [SD] time, 17 [11] vs 15 [11] days; P = .04). During the first 24 hours, more patients were identified with MER-level complications in ARRC (43 [12.4%] vs 13 [3.7%]; P &amp;lt; .001), but after return to the ward, these were less frequent from days 2 to 9 (9 [2.6%] vs 22 [6.3%]; P = .03). Length of hospital stay, hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and mortality were similar.Conclusions and RelevanceFor medium-risk patients, brief high-acuity care with ARRC allowed enhanced detection and management of early MER-level complications, which was followed by a decreased incidence of subsequent MER-level complications after discharge to the ward and by increased days at home at 30 days.
The effect of mask fit test on the association between the concentration of metals in biological samples and the results of time-weighted average personal exposure: A study on Japanese male welders
Authors: Tsuji Mayumi , Hori Hajime , Koriyama Chihaya , Tanaka Rie , Isse Toyohi , Ishihara Yasuhiro , Ishizuka Tsunetoshi , Hasegawa Wataru , Goto Motohide , Yatera Kazuhiro , Kunugita Naoki , Kuwamura Mami , Sakuragi Toshihide , Yasumura Yoshiko , Yamamoto Megumi , Ueno Susumu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The mask fit test confirms whether the wearing condition of the wearer’s face and the facepiece of the respirators are used appropriately. This study aimed to examine whether the results of the mask fit test affect the association between the concentration of metals related to welding fumes in biological samples and the results of time-weighted average (TWA) personal exposures.

Methods
A total of 94 male welders were recruited. Blood and urine samples were obtained from all participants to measure the metal exposure levels. Using personal exposure measurements, the 8-h TWA (8 h-TWA) of respirable dust, TWA of respirable Mn, and 8-h TWA of respirable Mn were calculated. The mask fit test was performed using the quantitative method specified in the Japanese Industrial Standard T8150:2021.

Results
Fifty-four participants (57%) passed the mask fit test. Only in the Fail group of the mask fit test, it was observed that blood Mn concentrations be positively associated with the results of TWA personal exposure after adjusting for multivariate factors (8-h TWA of respirable dust; coefficient, 0.066; standard error (SE), 0.028; P = 0.018, TWA of respirable Mn: coefficient, 0.048; SE, 0.020; P = 0.019, 8 h-TWA of respirable Mn: coefficient, 0.041; SE, 0.020; P = 0.041).

Conclusions
The results clarify that welders with high concentrations of welding fumes in their breathing air zone are exposed to dust and Mn if there is leaking air owing to the lack of fitness between respirators and the wearer’s face when using human samples in Japan.
Proposal of a classification method for public space usage based on pedestrian trajectory data
Authors: Masumura Akinobu , Sadohara Satoru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we propose a machine learning method based on pedestrian trajectory data to classify public space usage states and discriminate unknown usage states. Assuming that there are several frequent patterns in the usage state of public spaces, each element of the data set representing the usage state of public spaces can be classified into several clusters. Each cluster is defined as a “type” of usage state. They were classified into usage state “types” via principal component analysis and x‐means clustering. We employed data from the detection and recording of pedestrian trajectories by six 3D laser (LiDAR) sensors, conducted by the authors during the summer of 2019 in a public space in Yokohama, Japan. In the training phase, we defined “types” of usage states based on the data obtained for 3 weeks. In the test phase, the “type” of usage state was determined for the data of other periods. Consequently, 16 types that appeared at specific times and days were identified, and 1.1% of the test data were determined to be “new usage states,” which were not found in the training data. This method helps understand long‐term and complex variations in public space utilization patterns.
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle as a Central Regulator of the Rate of Aging: Implications for Metabolic Interventions
Authors: Borkum Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCertain metabolic interventions such as caloric restriction, fasting, exercise, and a ketogenic diet extend lifespan and/or health span. However, their benefits are limited and their connections to the underlying mechanisms of aging are not fully clear. Here, these connections are explored in terms of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle) to suggest reasons for the loss of effectiveness and ways of overcoming it. Specifically, the metabolic interventions deplete acetate and likely reduce the conversion of oxaloacetate to aspartate, thereby inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and upregulating autophagy. Synthesis of glutathione may provide a high‐capacity sink for amine groups, facilitating autophagy, and prevent buildup of alpha‐ketoglutarate, supporting stem cell maintenance. Metabolic interventions also prevent the accumulation of succinate, thereby slowing DNA hypermethylation, facilitating the repair of DNA double‐strand breaks, reducing inflammatory and hypoxic signaling, and lowering reliance on glycolysis. In part through these mechanisms, metabolic interventions may decelerate aging, extending lifespan. Conversely, with overnutrition or oxidative stress, these processes function in reverse, accelerating aging and impairing longevity. Progressive damage to aconitase, inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, and downregulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) emerge as potentially modifiable reasons for the loss of effectiveness of metabolic interventions.
Electrochemical Hydrosilylation of Electron‐Withdrawing Alkenes
Authors: Zhou He‐Yang , Fei Lu‐Qi , Zhang Jia‐Lan , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the presence of the Suginome reagent (PhMe2Si−Bpin), a large panel of electron‐withdrawing alkenes was successfully converted into the hydrosilylated product in good to excellent yields. This direct electrochemical hydrosilylation does not require exogenous oxidants and catalysts. Preliminary mechanistic study supported the involvement of a silyl radical, which reacted on the alkene.magnified image
Flexible Memristive Organic Solar Cell Using Multilayer 2D Titanium Carbide MXene Electrodes
Authors: Nirmal Kiran A. , Ren Wanqi , Khot Atul C. , Kang Dae Yun , Dongale Tukaram D. , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHybrid systems have attracted significant attention within the scientific community due to their multifunctionality, which has resulted in increasing demands for wearable electronics, green energy, and miniaturization. Furthermore, MXenes are promising two‐dimensional materials that have been applied in various areas due to their unique properties. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive electrode (FTCE) based on a multilayer hybrid MXene/Ag/MXene structure that can be applied to realize an inverted organic solar cell (OSC) with memory and learning functionalities is reported. This optimized FTCE exhibits high transmittance (84%), low sheet resistance (9.7 Ω sq−1), and reliable operation (even after 2000 bending cycles). Moreover, the OSC using this FTCE achieves a power conversion efficiency of 13.86% and sustained photovoltaic performance, even after hundreds of switching cycles. The fabricated memristive OSC (MemOSC) device also exhibits reliable resistive switching behavior at low operating voltages of 0.60 and −0.33 V (similar to biological synapses), an excellent ON/OFF ratio (103), stable endurance performance (4 × 103), and memory retention properties (104 s). Moreover, the MemOSC device can mimic synaptic functionalities on a biological time scale. Thus, MXene can potentially be used as an electrode for highly efficient OSCs with memristive functions for future intelligent solar cell modules.
Optical Verification of Physically Unclonable Function Devices Based on Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching
Authors: Lee Jeong Kyu , Lee Jiyoung , Yoon Seok In , Lee Min Hyeok , Lee Jin Seo , Jang Yunho , Kim Dae‐Yun , Choe Sug‐Bong , Park Jongsun , Kim Young Keun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhysically unclonable functions (PUFs) are used for various applications such as anticounterfeiting, authentication, and secret key generation. They are generally evaluated through electrical measurements, requiring much time and effort due to the many electrical connections required. This study proposes an optical verification of spin‐orbit torque (SOT) devices for PUF design. SOT devices have gained much attention because they resist degradation and thermal changes and can generate secret keys with high reproducibility. A simple optical method based on the magneto‐optical Kerr effect is introduced to verify the authenticity of the proposed SOT PUF device. Furthermore, this study assesses the feasibility of using a W/CoFeB/MgO/Ta structure as a PUF. The 24‐bit device shows a reliability of 97.8 ± 1.03%, making it a promising candidate for use as a spintronics‐based PUFs.
Improved multimodal prediction of progression from MCI to Alzheimer's disease combining genetics with quantitative brain MRI and cognitive measures
Authors: Reas Emilie T. , Shadrin Alexey , Frei Oleksandr , Motazedi Ehsan , McEvoy Linda , Bahrami Shahram , van der Meer Dennis , Makowski Carolina , Loughnan Robert , Wang Xin , Broce Iris , Banks Sarah J. , Fominykh Vera , Cheng Weiqiu , Holland Dominic , Smeland Olav B. , Seibert Tyler , Selbæk Geir , Brewer James B. , Fan Chun C. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a pressing need for non‐invasive, cost‐effective tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsUsing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Cox proportional models were conducted to develop a multimodal hazard score (MHS) combining age, a polygenic hazard score (PHS), brain atrophy, and memory to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. Power calculations estimated required clinical trial sample sizes after hypothetical enrichment using the MHS. Cox regression determined predicted age of onset for AD pathology from the PHS.ResultsThe MHS predicted conversion from MCI to dementia (hazard ratio for 80th versus 20th percentile: 27.03). Models suggest that application of the MHS could reduce clinical trial sample sizes by 67%. The PHS alone predicted age of onset of amyloid and tau.DiscussionThe MHS may improve early detection of AD for use in memory clinics or for clinical trial enrichment.HIGHLIGHTS
A multimodal hazard score (MHS) combined age, genetics, brain atrophy, and memory.
The MHS predicted time to conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
MHS reduced hypothetical Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trial sample sizes by 67%.
A polygenic hazard score predicted age of onset of AD neuropathology.
Regulated High‐Spin State and Constrained Charge Behavior of Active Cobalt Sites in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Promoting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Mei Zhi‐yuan , Zhao Genfu , Xia Chenfeng , Cai Sheng , Jing Qi , Sheng Xuelin , Wang Han , Zou Xiaoxiao , Wang Lilian , Guo Hong , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel type of covalent organic frameworks has been developed by assembling definite cobalt‐nitrogen‐carbon configurations onto carbon nanotubes using linkers that have varying electronic effects. This innovative approach has resulted in an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction, which is understood by a combination of in situ spectroelectrochemistry and the bond order theorem. The strong interaction between the electron‐donating carbon nanotubes and the electron‐accepting linker mitigates the trend of charge loss at cobalt sites, while inducing the generation of high spin state. This enhances the adsorption strength and electron transfer between the cobalt center and reactants/intermediates, leading to an improved oxygen reduction capability. This work not only presents an effective strategy for developing efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts through reticular chemistry, but also provides valuable insights into regulating the electronic configuration and charge behavior of active sites in designing high‐performance electrocatalysts.
1,3‐Imidazol‐basierte mesoionische Carbene und anionische Dicarbene: Erweiterung der Grenzen klassischer N‐heterocyclischer Carbene
Authors: Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKlassische N‐heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs) mit dem Carbenzentrum an der C2‐Position des 1,3‐Imidazolgerüsts (d.h. C2‐Carbene) sind als vielseitige neutrale Liganden sowohl in der Molekularforschung als auch in den Materialwissenschaften bekannt. Die Effizienz und der Erfolg der NHCs in verschiedenen Bereichen ist im Wesentlichen auf ihre überzeugenden stereoelektronischen Eigenschaften zurückzuführen, insbesondere auf die starke σ‐Donoreigenschaft. Die NHCs mit dem Carbenzentrum an der ungewöhnlichen C4‐ (oder C5‐) Position, die sogenannten abnormalen NHCs (aNHCs) oder mesoionischen Carbene (iMICs), sind jedoch deutlich stärkere σ‐Donatoren als C2‐Carbene. Deshalb haben iMICs ein erhebliches Potenzial als Liganden in der nachhaltigen Synthese und Katalyse. Das Haupthindernis auf diesem Weg ist die anspruchsvolle synthetische Zugänglichkeit zu iMICs. Das Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, die aktuellen Fortschritte, insbesondere der Forschungsgruppe des Autors, im Hinblick auf den Zugang zu stabilen iMICs, die Quantifizierung ihrer Eigenschaften sowie die Erforschung ihrer Anwendungen in Synthese und Katalyse aufzuzeigen. Darüber hinaus werden die synthetische Eignung und die Verwendung vicinaler C4,C5‐anionische Dicarbene (ADCs), die ebenfalls auf einem 1,3‐Imidazolgerüst basieren, vorgestellt. Wie auf den folgenden Seiten deutlich wird, haben iMICs und ADCs das Potenzial, die Grenzen der klassischen NHCs zu erweitern, indem sie den Zugang zu konzeptionell neuartigen Hauptgruppenelement‐Heterocyclen, Radikalen, molekularen Katalysatoren, Ligandensätzen und mehr ermöglichen.
Flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis of glass fiber/ABS and glass fiber/carbon fiber/ABS composites
Authors: Aravind D. , Senthilkumar K. , Rajini N. , Siengchin Suchart , Yorseng Krittirash , Kumar T. Senthil Muthu , Chandrasekar M. , Mohammad Faruq , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid manufacturing technique was proposed to fabricate composites of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with Bidirectional woven glass fiber mat (GF)/ABS and GF/Bidirectional woven carbon fiber mat (CF)/ABS. The composites were fabricated using fused deposition modeling 3D printing, followed by hot compression molding, and their flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical behaviors were examined. Results indicated that composites with GF and ABS combinations had shown the highest maximum flexural strength (64.46 MPa) and impact strength (0.089 J/mm2). The hybrid composites showed intermediate performance between ABS and GF/ABS composites, with higher flexural strain before failure than ABS and GF/ABS. A comprehensive analysis utilizing scanning electron microscopy was carried out to evaluate the adhesion characteristics of the fiber‐matrix interface in impact‐tested samples. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that GF/ABS composites had offered superior E′, E″, and tanδ than the hybrid configuration. The peak tan delta values obtained from ABS, GF/ABS, and GF/CF/ABS composites were utilized to determine their respective glass transition temperatures. The observed values for ABS, GF/ABS, and GF/CF/ABS composites were 109.65, 69.95, and 71.5°C, respectively. Some potential applications for the composites fabricated in this study could include the development of lightweight and strong components for aerospace or automotive industries.
Design of crosslinked networks with hydroxyurethane linkages via bio‐based alkyl methacrylates and diamines
Authors: Farkhondehnia Mohammad , Maric Milan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA hybrid methodology is used to combine the favorable properties of non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) in the side chains with poly(methacrylates) as the backbone into thermoset hybrid resins with hydroxyurethane linkages (HNIPU)s. Using NIPUs linkages avoids the use of toxic isocyanates in the poly(urethane) segments. The backbone is synthesized from cyclic carbonated copolymer templates derived from atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of an alkyl methacrylate (C13MA with average side‐chain length of 13)/glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) mixtures (initial GMA mol fraction = 0.1–0.4). The resulting flexible resins with pendent epoxy functional groups were subsequently carbonated and then reacted with 1,10‐diaminodecane (90°C, 24 h) to form rigid side chains via hydroxyurethane linkages. Manipulating template functionality (2–11 urethane linkages out of 35 backbone units) yielded crosslinked networks with Young's moduli from 0.1 to 71.9 MPa while decreasing tensile elongation at break from 105% to 10%. Swelling ratios (SR) of the networks in tetrahydrofuran (THF) decrease as urethane linkage concentration increases, indicating tighter networks, consistent with the rheologically obtained molecular weight between crosslinks. Gel content indicated less than 15% of the networks are soluble in THF. The HNIPU networks derived show their ready tunability by simply changing the precursor functionality.