bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of autism characteristics in thirteen genetic syndromes: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bozhilova Natali , Welham Alice , Adams Dawn , Bissell Stacey , Bruining Hilgo , Crawford Hayley , Eden Kate , Nelson Lisa , Oliver Christopher , Powis Laurie , Richards Caroline , Waite Jane , Watson Peter , Rhys Hefin , Wilde Lucy , Woodcock Kate , Moss Joanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Phenotypic studies have identified distinct patterns of autistic characteristics in genetic syndromes associated with intellectual disability (ID), leading to diagnostic uncertainty and compromised access to autism-related support. Previous research has tended to include small samples and diverse measures, which limits the generalisability of findings. In this study, we generated detailed profiles of autistic characteristics in a large sample of > 1500 individuals with rare genetic syndromes.

Methods
Profiles of autistic characteristics based on the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) scores were generated for thirteen genetic syndrome groups (Angelman n = 154, Cri du Chat n = 75, Cornelia de Lange n = 199, fragile X n = 297, Prader–Willi n = 278, Lowe n = 89, Smith–Magenis n = 54, Down n = 135, Sotos n = 40, Rubinstein–Taybi n = 102, 1p36 deletion n = 41, tuberous sclerosis complex n = 83 and Phelan–McDermid n = 35 syndromes). It was hypothesised that each syndrome group would evidence a degree of specificity in autistic characteristics. To test this hypothesis, a classification algorithm via support vector machine (SVM) learning was applied to scores from over 1500 individuals diagnosed with one of the thirteen genetic syndromes and autistic individuals who did not have a known genetic syndrome (ASD; n = 254). Self-help skills were included as an additional predictor.

Results
Genetic syndromes were associated with different but overlapping autism-related profiles, indicated by the substantial accuracy of the entire, multiclass SVM model (55% correctly classified individuals). Syndrome groups such as Angelman, fragile X, Prader–Willi, Rubinstein–Taybi and Cornelia de Lange showed greater phenotypic specificity than groups such as Cri du Chat, Lowe, Smith–Magenis, tuberous sclerosis complex, Sotos and Phelan-McDermid. The inclusion of the ASD reference group and self-help skills did not change the model accuracy.

Limitations
The key limitations of our study include a cross-sectional design, reliance on a screening tool which focuses primarily on social communication skills and imbalanced sample size across syndrome groups.

Conclusions
These findings replicate and extend previous work, demonstrating syndrome-specific profiles of autistic characteristics in people with genetic syndromes compared to autistic individuals without a genetic syndrome. This work calls for greater precision of assessment of autistic characteristics in individuals with genetic syndromes associated with ID.
Monkeypox epidemic at the door: should we remain idly by or prepare strongly?
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Hetta Helal F. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonkeypox (MPX) is a common zoonotic disease caused by a double-strand DNA MPX virus (MPXV). MPX was considered a sporadic rare disease causing a mild disease with a low capacity to spread among humans. The clinical picture of human MPX highly resembles smallpox, though early lymphadenopathy in human MPX is the distinguishing sign not present in smallpox. The incubation period is 1–3 weeks, and fever, headache, joint pain, myalgia, and nausea for about 3 days. Skin lesions that appear 1–3 days following fever and lymphadenopathy usually appear simultaneously on the face and periphery. By cross-reactivity and protection, the smallpox vaccine produced 85% protection against infection with Orthopoxviruses, including MPX. Antiviral drugs like tecovirimate and brincidofovir could be effective agents against the development of MPX. MPX epidemics are less reported and described as other life-threatening epidemics, leading to an unclear picture of this disease’s pathogenesis, epidemiology, and management. With the recent wide range of MPX outbreaks, immense research is mandatory to revise the importance of MPX pathogenesis and risk for epidemic development worldwide. Therefore, this critical study aimed to review MPX's pathogenesis, epidemiology, and management with possible repurposed drugs.
Dynamical inertial extragradient techniques for solving equilibrium and fixed-point problems in real Hilbert spaces
Authors: Panyanak Bancha , Khunpanuk Chainarong , Pholasa Nattawut , Pakkaranang Nuttapol 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose new methods for finding a common solution to pseudomonotone and Lipschitz-type equilibrium problems, as well as a fixed-point problem for demicontractive mapping in real Hilbert spaces. A novel hybrid technique is used to solve this problem. The method shown here is a hybrid of the extragradient method (a two-step proximal method) and a modified Mann-type iteration. Our methods use a simple step-size rule that is generated by specific computations at each iteration. A strong convergence theorem is established without knowing the operator’s Lipschitz constants. The numerical behaviors of the suggested algorithms are described and compared to previously known ones in many numerical experiments.
Feasibility and effects of cognitive–motor exergames on fall risk factors in typical and atypical Parkinson’s inpatients: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Jäggi Salome , Wachter Annina , Adcock Manuela , de Bruin Eling D. , Möller Jens Carsten , Marks Detlef , Schweinfurther Raoul , Giannouli Eleftheria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
People with Parkinson`s disease (PD) often suffer from both motor and cognitive impairments. Simultaneous motor and cognitive training stimulates neurobiological processes which are important especially for people with PD. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and effects of simultaneous cognitive–motor training in form of exergames in the setting of inpatient rehabilitation of persons with PD.

Methods
Forty participants (72.4 ± 9.54 years; Hoehn and Yahr stage 1–4) were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which trained five times a week in addition to the conventional rehabilitation program, or the control group, which underwent the standard rehabilitation treatment only. Primary outcome was feasibility (measured by adherence rate, attrition rate, occurrence of adverse events, system usability scale (SUS), and NASA TLX score). In addition, various cognitive (Go/No-Go test, reaction time test (RTT), color word interference test (D-KEFS) and Trail Making Test A and B (TMT)) and motor (preferred gait speed, maximum gait speed, dual-task gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 5 times Sit-to-Stand (5xStS)) tests were conducted before and after the intervention phase in order to determine training effects

Results
Adherence rate was 97%, there were just two dropouts due to reasons unrelated to the study and there were no adverse events. The mean NASA TLX value was 56.2 and the mean value of the SUS was 76.7. Significant time–group interaction effects were observed for the 5xStS, the SPPB, the RTT, the Go/No-Go test and the D-KEFS 2.

Discussion
Exergaming, as applied in this study, showed to be feasible, safe and likely effective for the improvement of cognitive and motor functions of PD inpatients. Because of this future randomized controlled trials with a main focus on testing the efficacy of this new intervention are warranted.
Trial registration: The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04872153).
The relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, resilience, and the risk of postpartum depression: an emphasis on maternal mental health
Authors: Baattaiah Baian A. , Alharbi Mutasim D. , Babteen Nouf M. , Al-Maqbool Haneen M. , Babgi Faten A. , Albatati Ashar A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral factors can contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD) and negatively affect mothers’ mental and physical well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, resilience, and the risk of PPD development.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to mothers during their postpartum period. The risk of PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), postpartum fatigue (PPF) was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationship between the study variables. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explain the contributions of PPF, sleep quality, and resilience as independent predictors of PPD development.ResultsA total of 1409 postpartum women were included in the analysis, with 75% of the participants reporting a risk of PPD, 61% reporting PPF, 97% reporting having sleep problems, and 36% being in the “low resilience level” category. In terms of correlations, the scores of FSS and the PSQI showed moderate positive relationships with the EPDS scores (r = 0.344 and r = 0.447, respectively,p = .000). The BRS scores were negatively associated with the EPDS scores (r = −0.530,p = 0.000). Fatigue, sleep quality, and resilience were predictors of depressive symptoms (β = 0.127, β = 0.262, and β = −0.393, respectively, R2 = 0.37,p = 0.000). The association remained significant in the regression model after adjusting for mother’s age, mother’s BMI, child’s age, smoking status, full-term pregnancy, having a chronic disease, and taking anti-depressant.ConclusionsMothers with higher levels of fatigue, poor sleep quality, and low resilience levels were at high risk of developing PPD. Healthcare providers should identify these factors and thus set better rehabilitation goals to improve overall maternal health.
Exploring the performance of magnetic methacrylic acid-functionalized β-cyclodextrin adsorbent toward selected phenolic compounds
Authors: Mamman S. , Yaacob S. F. F. S. , Raoov M. , Mehamod F. S. , Zain N. N. M. , Suah F. B. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the removal of bisphenol A (BPA), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) using a new magnetic adsorbent methacrylic acid-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (Fe3O4@MAA-βCD) was evaluated. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The batch adsorption experiments optimized and evaluated various operational parameters such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. The result shows that DNP possessed the most excellent affinity toward Fe3O4@MAA-βCD adsorbents compared to BPA and DCP. Also, BPA showed the lowest removal and was used as a model analyte for further study. The adsorption kinetic data revealed that the uptake of these compounds follows the pseudo-second order. Freundlich and Halsey isotherms best-fitted the adsorption equilibrium data. The desorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, and a lower temperature favored the adsorption. Furthermore, hydrogen bonding, inclusion complexion, and π–π interactions contributed to the selected phenolic compound’s adsorption.
A randomized controlled trial of a 14-day mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI) for generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Little is known about whether brief mindfulness ecological momentary interventions (MEMIs) yield clinically beneficial effects. This gap exists despite the rapid growth of smartphone mindfulness applications. Specifically, no prior brief MEMI has targeted generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Moreover, although theories propose that MEMIs can boost executive functioning (EF), they have largely gone untested. Thus, this randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to address these gaps by assessing the efficacy of a 14-day smartphone MEMI (versus self-monitoring placebo [SMP]).

Method
Participants with GAD were randomly assigned to either condition (68 MEMI and 42 SMP). MEMI participants exercised multiple core mindfulness strategies and were instructed to practice mindfulness continually. Comparatively, SMP participants were prompted to practice self-monitoring and were not taught any mindfulness strategies. All prompts occurred five times a day for 14 consecutive days. Participants completed self-reports and neuropsychological assessments at baseline, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up (1MFU). Piecewise hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted.

Results
MEMI (versus SMP) produced greater pre-1MFU reductions in GAD severity and perseverative cognitions (between-group d = 0.393–0.394) and stronger improvements in trait mindfulness and performance-based inhibition (d = 0.280–0.303). Further, MEMI (versus SMP) led to more considerable pre- to posttreatment reduction in state-level depression and anxiety and more mindfulness gains (d = 0.50–1.13). Overall, between-treatment effects were stronger at pre-1MFU than pre- to posttreatment for trait-level than state-level treatment outcome measures.

Conclusions
Preliminary findings suggest that the beneficial effect of an unguided brief MEMI to target pathological worry, trait mindfulness, and EF is modest yet potentially meaningful. Other theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.
Amorphous alumina supercapacitors with voltage-charging performance
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Yokotsuka Tomonori , Hashida Toshiyuki , Yamaguchi Koji , Fujima Nobuhisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The electric storage effect of fast charging by voltage application for amorphous alumina (cAAO) supercapacitors fabricated using a crystalline aluminum alloy was investigated in terms of charging/discharging behaviors and AC impedance. The mechanism for the electrical storage of a cAAO supercapacitor was proposed based on the coupling of electrons on Al atoms and positively charged holes in Al vacancies, using an electric double-layer model containing an electrolyte with an electrical resistivity of 6.3 × 105Ωcm. The supercapacitor demonstrated fast charging at a voltage application of up to 500 V.
Multi-terminal Josephson junctions: A road to topological flux networks
Authors: Peralta Gavensky Lucila , Usaj Gonzalo , Balseiro C. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Multi-terminal Josephson junctions were recently proposed as a versatile and tunable platform to emulate topological Bloch-like Hamiltonians in arbitrary dimensions. In this perspective article, we will give a brief overview of the subject and recognize these mesoscopic devices as realizations of topological flux networks as the ones envisioned by Avron and coworkers in their seminal works on the early days of the quantum Hall effect. We summarize the current state-of-the-art theoretical and experimental research regarding these Josephson devices, highlighting recent developments and giving an outlook on current trends.
Trends in Reimbursement and Approach Selection for Lumbar Arthrodesis
Authors: Pennington Zach , Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , Wahood Waseem , El Sammak Sally , Lakomkin Nikita , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Changes in reimbursement policies have been demonstrated to correlate with clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate trends in physician reimbursement for anterior, posterior, and combined anterior/posterior (AP) lumbar arthrodesis and relative utilization of AP.

METHODS:
We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project registry for anterior, posterior, and AP lumbar arthrodeses during 2010 and 2020. Work relative value units per operative hour (wRVUs/h) were calculated for each procedure. Trends in reimbursement and utilization of the AP approach were assessed with linear regression. Subgroup analyses of age and underlying pathology of AP arthrodesis were also performed.

RESULTS:
During 2010 and 2020, AP arthrodesis was associated with significantly higher average wRVUs/h compared with anterior and posterior arthrodesis (AP = 17.4, anterior = 12.4, posterior = 14.5). The AP approach had a significant yearly increase in wRVUs/h (coefficient = 0.48, P = .042), contrary to anterior (coefficient = −0.01, P = .308) and posterior (coefficient = −0.13, P = .006) approaches. Utilization of AP approaches over all arthrodeses increased from 7.5% in 2010 to 15.3% in 2020 (yearly average increase 0.79%, P < .001). AP fusions increased significantly among both degenerative and deformity cases (coefficients 0.88 and 1.43, respectively). The mean age of patients undergoing AP arthrodesis increased by almost 10 years from 2010 to 2020. Rates of major 30-day complications were 2.7%, 3.1%, and 3.5% for AP, anterior, and posterior arthrodesis, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
AP lumbar arthrodesis was associated with higher and increasing reimbursement (wRVUs/h) during the period 2010 to 2020. Reimbursement for anterior arthrodesis was relatively stable, while reimbursement for posterior arthrodesis decreased. The utilization of the combined AP approach relative to the other approaches increased significantly during the period of interest.
Surgical Management of Peripheral Nerve Pathology in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Authors: Peyre Matthieu , Tran Suzanne , Parfait Béatrice , Bernat Isabelle , Bielle Franck , Kalamarides Michel 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is rare genetic disorder mainly characterized by the development of central nervous system lesions, but peripheral nerve pathology may also cause high morbidity including pain, motor, and sensory loss.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the tumor burden of patients with peripheral nerve pathology in NF2 including peripheral neuropathies and schwannomas and the results of surgery in the latter group.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with NF2 followed up at our NF2 Reference Center to include all patients suffering from peripheral nerve pathology. Tumor detection relied on focal MRIs based on symptoms.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four patients harboring 105 peripheral nerve schwannomas and 1 perineurioma were included. Schwannomas were mainly located in major nerves (n = 74, 71%) compared with subcutaneous (n = 23, 22%) and intramuscular (n = 8, 7%) cases. Most schwannomas (81/90-90%) were classical discrete tumors while multinodular cases represented only 9 cases (10%). During follow-up, 63 (60%) tumors were operated in 24 patients, including 39 schwannomas of major nerves. A complete resection was achieved in most of the cases (52/63, 83%) with a complete relief of preoperative pain in most patients (57/60, 95%). Persistent motor deficits (5/39, 13%) were mostly encountered in patients operated from multinodular schwannomas (4/5, 80%). Six patients had an associated peripheral neuropathy with 5 cases of pseudo-Charcot-Marie-Tooth–associated amyotrophy.

CONCLUSION:
Surgery remains a safe and effective method of treating peripheral nerve schwannoma-associated pain in NF2, with the exception of rare multinodular tumors. Special attention should be drawn to patients harboring severely debilitating neuropathies and perineuriomas.
Surgical Decompression of Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study Comparing Real-Time Intraoperative Ultrasound After Laminectomy With Postoperative MRI and CT Myelography
Authors: Chryssikos Timothy , Stokum Jesse A. , Ahmed Abdul-Kareem , Chen Chixiang , Wessell Aaron , Cannarsa Gregory , Caffes Nicholas , Oliver Jeffrey , Olexa Joshua , Shea Phelan , Labib Mohamed , Woodworth Graeme , Ksendzovsky Alexander , Bodanapally Uttam , Crandall Kenneth , Sansur Charles , Schwartzbauer Gary , Aarabi Bizhan 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Decompression of the injured spinal cord confers neuroprotection. Compared with timing of surgery, verification of surgical decompression is understudied.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the judgment of cervical spinal cord decompression using real-time intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) following laminectomy with postoperative MRI and CT myelography.

METHODS:
Fifty-one patients were retrospectively reviewed. Completeness of decompression was evaluated by real-time IOUS and compared with postoperative MRI (47 cases) and CT myelography (4 cases).

RESULTS:
Five cases (9.8%) underwent additional laminectomy after initial IOUS evaluation to yield a final judgment of adequate decompression using IOUS in all 51 cases (100%). Postoperative MRI/CT myelography showed adequate decompression in 43 cases (84.31%). Six cases had insufficient bony decompression, of which 3 (50%) had cerebrospinal fluid effacement at >1 level. Two cases had severe circumferential intradural swelling despite adequate bony decompression. Between groups with and without adequate decompression on postoperative MRI/CT myelography, there were significant differences for American Spinal Injury Association motor score, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade, AO Spine injury morphology, and intramedullary lesion length (IMLL). Multivariate analysis using stepwise variable selection and logistic regression showed that preoperative IMLL was the most significant predictor of inadequate decompression on postoperative imaging (P = .024).

CONCLUSION:
Patients with severe clinical injury and large IMLL were more likely to have inadequate decompression on postoperative MRI/CT myelography. IOUS can serve as a supplement to postoperative MRI/CT myelography for the assessment of spinal cord decompression. However, further investigation, additional surgeon experience, and anticipation of prolonged swelling after surgery are required.
Invention of an Online Interactive Virtual Neurosurgery Simulator With Audiovisual Capture for Tactile Feedback
Authors: Kiyofuji Satoshi , Kin Taichi , Saito Toki , Koike Tsukasa , Takeda Yasuhiro , Uchida Tatsuya , Sato Katsuya , Shono Naoyuki , Niwa Ryoko , Furuta Yasuyuki , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Present neurosurgical simulators are not portable.

OBJECTIVE:
To maximize portability of a virtual surgical simulator by providing online learning and to validate a unique psychometric method (“audiovisual capture”) to provide tactile information without force feedback probes.

METHODS:
An online interactive neurosurgical simulator of a posterior petrosectomy was developed. The difference in the hardness of compact vs cancellous bone was presented with audiovisual effects as inclinations of the drilling speed and sound based on engineering perspectives. Three training methods (the developed simulator, lectures and review of slides, and dissection of a 3-dimensional printed temporal bone model [D3DPM]) were evaluated by 10 neurosurgical residents. They all first attended a lecture and were randomly allocated to 2 groups by the training D3DPM (A: simulator; B: review of slides, no simulator). In D3DPM, objective measures (required time, quality of completion, injury scores of important structures, and the number of instructions provided) were compared between groups. Finally, the residents answered questionnaires.

RESULTS:
The objective measures were not significantly different between groups despite a younger tendency in group A (graduate year −2.4 years, 95% confidence interval −5.3 to 0.5, P = .081). The mean perceived hardness of cancellous bone on the simulator was 70% of that of compact bone, matching the intended profile. The simulator was superior to lectures and review of slides in feedback and repeated practices and to D3DPM in adaptability to multiple learning environments.

CONCLUSION:
A novel online interactive neurosurgical simulator was developed, and satisfactory validity was shown. Audiovisual capture successfully transmitted the tactile information.