bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiaxial fatigue analysis of circumferentially butt‐welded steel connection using fiber optic‐based distributed strain sensing
Authors: Karpenko Olena , Koetsier Mathieu , Pavlović Marko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the performance of circumferentially butt‐welded steel connections under constant tensile‐tensile axial fatigue and cyclic tensile‐tensile bending tests. The study utilizes fibre‐optic based distributed strain sensing to measure the strains and stresses in the regions of the weld. The results confirm the desired pure bending of the specimen during the fatigue cycles. The suitability of fibre‐optic monitoring for fatigue testing of welds is demonstrated. In addition, the study compares the numerically predicted stresses in the welded connection using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with experimental results, thereby substantiating the accuracy of the FEA predictions.
Renovating the Van Brienenoord Bridge Steelwork in mechanical system of bascule bridge spanning 50m.
Authors: Janssens Tom , Hesselink Bert , Montijn Jacques , de Kluijver Erik , Mooijweer Rik , Brands Mack , van der Graaf Patrick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Van Brienenoord Bridge is a large bridge which includes three movable bascules. The two oldest bascules stem from 1965. A study into renovation and/or replacement of these bascules has been performed and replacement was deemed necessary. A new design for the mechanical driving system has been made, where the design of the western bascule served as starting point. The regulations and requirements have become more stringent since 1965, however the available space is restricted by the existing concrete structure. A steel rack and pinion design is chosen as the best option for the mechanical driving system. In the design of the steel rack, several considerations have been made with respect to the material choice. A fully welded construction was desired due to the lower weight of the construction. However, stringent requirements are made with respect to the hardness, yield strength and tensile strength in several locations of the rack. After considerable calculations and consulting suppliers/manufacturers the tooth rack will be made of 25CrMo4 as the best compromise between material properties and weldability. The pinion material is selected as 34CrNiMo6 since weldability is not an issue. The choice here has to do with the minimum required mechanical properties (even above‐normative refinement). The connection to the concrete structure consists of an eye which is rather big and bulky. This is considered to be rather conservative due to the calculations methods and leaves room for optimisation.
Size effects on the structural behaviour of wrapped composite CHS joints
Authors: Yang Jincheng , Koetsier Mathieu , Peeters Tjeu , Wolter Mees , Pavlovic Marko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent pilot studies have shown the superior performance of wrapped composite joints as an alternative to conventional welded joints for circular hollow sections (CHS). Considering the large dimensions of CHS joints for field application and potential size effects from testing the structure on reduced scales, geometrical size effects need to be investigated. This work presents an experimental analysis and FE results of wrapped composite joints with three different scale sizes. The size effects on the uniaxial tensile behaviour of specimens were investigated in monotonic loading. The size effects on the structural behaviour of wrapped composite joints were evaluated regarding the performance in ultimate limit states. The outcome of this research supports the structural analysis and modelling of wrapped composite joints with upscaled sizes.
Stiffening of slender plates using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tankova Trayana , Veljkovic Milan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing provides the possibility for innovative structural configurations promoting optimized material use for economy and sustainability, and new functions which are not available for traditional products. This paper explores the possibility to use wire‐and‐arc directed energy deposition process for fabrication of innovative WAAM stiffener for thin plated structures. The proposed solution is demonstrated in several geometrical configurations by varying depth and thickness of stiffener, by including openings or not, in addition to adopting irregular shapes such as circular of ellipsoidal stiffeners. The performance of the WAAM stiffened panel is compared to use of thin plate stiffened by prismatic stiffener by considering the critical buckling load and resistance for three different load cases. The results from the analyses performed showed that the WAAM stiffened panels reach the same resistance as the traditionally stiffened plate but using less material.
Research and outlook of steel beam‐to‐column joints retrofitted by welding haunches
Authors: Zhao Huatian , Shi Gang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA critical issue in structural retrofitting is to enhance the moment resistance of steel beam‐to‐column joints. The authors have investigated the cyclic behaviour and design of existing welded unreinforced flange‐bolted web (WUF‐B) joints, in which welding haunches were utilised to retrofit weak panel zones. In this study, three full‐scale joint specimens were retrofitted by haunches and stiffeners after applying axial column compression load. Then, cyclic tests, numerical simulations, and finite element parametric analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the retrofitted joints exhibited increased moment resistance and satisfactory seismic performance, meeting the ductility requirement of Special Moment Frames in the AISC 341 provision. The force‐transferring mechanism was substantially changed after adding haunches, and thus, a simplified mechanical model has been established to predict the force distribution. Furthermore, parameters influencing the joint behaviour (i.e., haunch geometries and axial column load before retrofitting) were involved in parametric analyses. Based on the above experimental and numerical results, the design method has been proposed, including the recommended configurations, calculations of the moment resistance and initial rotational stiffness, and detailed seismic checking procedures. This study reports a feasible solution to retrofit weak panel zones with column compression remaining and provides an outlook on retrofitting beam‐to‐column joints in future investigations.
Comparative study regarding the seismic design of diagonal concentrically braced frames
Authors: Köber Helmuth , Marcu Ramona , Stoian Marina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present paper analyses some possibilities to improve the provisions concerning the seismic design of diagonal braced frames according to the in charge European and Romanian seismic design code (EN 1998‐1:2004 [1], respectively P100‐1/2013 [2]). Three design variants were used for the dimensioning under seismic actions of two ten story concentrically braced frames, taking into consideration different contributions of the tensioned and compressed braces in carrying horizontal seismic forces. The considered braced frames had two spans of 6.0m and ten storey of 3.5m. One of the frames had ascendant diagonal braces (from the lateral columns to the central column) and the other had descendant diagonal bracings (from the lateral columns to the central column). Static nonlinear analyses were performed with all the designed variants of the frames. The loading and deformation states at different steps during the analyses were compared. The distribution of plastic hinges in the structure was analysed. A more favourable behaviour of the frame during static nonlinear analysis was ensured by providing reduced cross‐sections along all frame girders ends (resembling the dog‐bone detail).
Finite element study on the behaviour of free from damage connections under fire
Authors: Santos Ana Francisca , Santiago Aldina , Craveiro Helder , da Silva Luís Simões 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe free from damage connection, developed during the recent RFCS FREEDAM has shown to be a promising solution to dissipate high amounts of energy due to its sliding system given by the friction damper with slotted holes, located at the lower beam flange. Additionally, this sliding mechanism proved to be also efficient in the event of exceptional loading scenarios such as impact loads or even in column loss scenarios, because it allows the dissipation of part of the action through slipping and, on the other hand, gives an extra “elastic” ductility to the connection since, up to the end of the slip, the components of the connection are designed to remain in the elastic range.In this paper, this specific behaviour is exploited in the case of fire scenario. During fire events, axial forces can develop in the beams (initially in bending, only) due to the expansion of the steel elements and the restraint provided by the boundary conditions. For the cases where the high axial forces develop, the moment‐rotation behaviour of the connections will change due to the interaction between the axial forces (N) and bending moment (M) as well as the effects due to the increase in temperature. The the use of connections such as the free from damage connection is interesting also from this point of view since it delays the development of great axial forces due to its slipping mechanism. This analysis is carried out through FEM analysis using ABAQUS software.
Investigation of Wood‐Steel Composite Shear Walls Behavioural Parameters
Authors: Vogiatzis Tzanetis , Efthymiou Evangelos , Tsalkatidis Themistoklis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver the last few years, hybrid steel‐timber components and systems are enjoying increasing popularity in the construction sector, particularly in the case of multistorey timber buildings where significant benefits arise due to faster and safer on‐site erection, improved structural and seismic performance combined with minimized environmental impact. Most of these studies focus on steel frames with Cross‐laminated Timber (CLT) infills and hybrid steel‐timber joints. However, it may only sometime to be possible to satisfy the maximum drift limit prescribed by building codes only with CLT shear walls and hybrid steel‐timber joints. Some promising improvements have been proposed in the literature for improving buckling stability and avoiding excess building drifts. Among these, is a new type of shear wall called the Wood‐Steel Composite Shear Wall, which has much higher stiffness and can drastically reduce the overall building drifts due to the employment of Steel Plate Shear Walls. Regarding the above considerations, this paper assesses the structural behaviour of Wood‐Steel Composite Shear Wall systems via the finite element method. In the developed Wood‐Steel Composite Shear Wal system, glue connects a thin gauge steel web plate to the boundary Laminated Strand Lumber frame. Based on previous experimental studies, finite element modelling was performed to investigate the effects of behavioural parameters on the response of the Wood‐Steel Composite Shear Wall system. It was found that the plate wall thickness has a significant effect on the initial stiffness and the peak capacity of this system, while changing that parameter may not change the failure mode of the system.
Shear Capacity of Channel Shear Connectors Applied in Composite Slabs with Profiled Steel Decking
Authors: Cardoso Hermano , Pupin Luis Augusto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper assesses the shear capacity and the structural behaviour of channel connectors in composite slabs. Push‐out specimens were analyzed numerically by using the finite element program ABAQUS. For the studied solution, regular openings at the lower flange in the profiled decking are considered to allow the welded channel connector to pass through. The numerical model was calibrated against experimental outputs on push‐out tests found in the literature. Then, the influence of steel decking thickness on load capacity, stiffness and ductility of channel connectors in composite slabs was also assessed. In addition, it was concluded that safe predictions of load capacity could be obtained by including reduction factors in the Canadian design approach.
On the load‐carrying behaviour of CSTC slim‐floor beams
Authors: Kroyer Robert , Vigneri Valentino , Taras Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComposite steel truss and concrete (CSTC) beams are steel‐concrete composite structures mostly used as slim‐floor systems in industrial buildings. The proposed paper focuses on the load‐bearing behaviour of the so called NPS beam system as a specific type of CSTC beam. This system is made of a sinusoidal smooth steel truss welded to a steel plate, and embedded in cast‐in‐situ concrete. Unlike standard composite beams, NPS beams do not have dedicated shear connectors for transferring the longitudinal shear force from the steel part to the concrete. The shear connection between steel and concrete is enabled by the sinusoidal bar as an integrated part of the steel profile. The load‐slip behaviour of the shear connections in NPS beams was recently investigated through push‐out tests and appropriate design rules were proposed to predict their resistance. However, the longitudinal shear connection behaviour within the overall beam system is still not fully understood and requires further investigations. Furthermore, the ductility of composite slim floor systems depends strongly on their geometrical and mechanical properties. Strain‐limited analyses provide more reliable design predictions, but typically still simplify the shear connection behaviour strongly. It is therefore reasonable to conduct full‐scale experimental tests to investigate the structural behaviour at a cross‐sectional and a global level. The presented work addresses those issues through preliminary strain‐limited analyses and the description of an advanced measurement concept using fibre optical sensors for full‐scale beam tests.
Seismic performance of hybrid coupled shear walls
Authors: Morelli Francesco , Natali Agnese , Poggi Gabriele , Salvatore Walter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHybrid Coupled Shear Walls are an innovative seismic‐resistant system that aims at merging the advantages of the classical Coupled Shear Walls with the dissipative capacity and easy‐to‐repair characteristics of steel elements. They are constituted by a reinforced concrete wall connected to two side steel columns by dissipative steel links. Depending on the stiffness/strength of the links, it is possible to obtain different distributions of the seismic forces between the wall and the columns. As resulting from previous research activity on this topic, the seismic behavior of this structural system can be strongly influenced by the higher modes, especially for mid/high‐rise buildings, making classical pushover analyses unable to catch the correct behavior. In this regard, the paper presents the comparison between the results of Incremental Dynamic Analyses and of different Pushover Analyses, giving indications about a more reliable procedure for the assessment of the seismic performance through suitable pushover analysis.
Influence of reinforced concrete slab on the cyclic response of bolted shear links
Authors: Chesoan Adriana , Stratan Aurel , Ciutina Adrian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh seismic hazard zones are found all over the world, arising concerns about life and economic loss in the event of major earthquakes. Thus, structural engineers must find ways to increase seismic safety without attracting excessive costs. This can be done by implementing the concepts of removable dissipative members and re‐centering capability in a dual structure, obtained by combining steel eccentrically braced frames with removable bolted links with moment resisting frames. Shear bolted links are intended to provide the energy dissipation capacity and to be easily replaceable, while the more flexible moment resisting frames provide re‐centering capability. One of the critiques of bolted shear links is related to the interaction between the dissipative element and the reinforced concrete slab. Using continuous slab over links, besides replacing the damaged link, reinforced concrete slab needs also repair following a major seismic event. Thus, recent research investigates the behavior of flush end‐plate shear links, experimentally quantifying their strength, stiffness, and ductility, with and without reinforced concrete slab. It is established if repairing the concrete slab after link damage is needed for further acceptable seismic performance.
Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations with Slip Joints by Large Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Soya Yoko , Matsuki Satoshi , Yamasawa Tetsuya , Arai Nanae , Fujii Ayumi , Suzuki Yoshitaka , Sako Yuji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Europe, a monopile is the most commonly used foundation type for offshore wind turbines. Existing connections between the monopile (MP) and transition piece (TP) are generally bolts or grout, but another new method is the slip joint. In this method, the joints between the MP and TP are conically shaped and are simply joined together, which is expected to improve workability and reduce maintenance and management costs. In order to apply this structure in Japan, it is necessary to verify its seismic resistance. This paper reports the results of shaking table tests using a scaled specimen to verify the structural safety of the structure against earthquakes.
Machine learning models for the ultimate strength of steel beams – influence of bending moment diagram
Authors: Couto Carlos , Real Paulo Vila 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence models using machine learning techniques are widely used in engineering to predict the mechanical behavior of structural members. Different machine learning (ML) algorithms such as artificial neural networks, random forests, and support vector regression were used to develop and train models in this study to predict the ultimate strength of steel beams, in particular that include the influence of the bending moment diagram on its lateral‐torsional buckling resistance. An extensive dataset was constructed using finite element analysis to obtain the ultimate strength of simply supported beams. A comparative study of different hyperparameters was carried out. The results show that the ML models outperform state‐of‐the‐art analytical models and that are able to capture the influence of bending moment diagrams. The limits of application of these ML models are explored, providing an overview of their potential use in designing real structures.
Wrapped Composite Joints for Circular Hollow Section Structures
Authors: Pavlovic Marko , Veljkovic Milan , Segeren Maxim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn innovative bonding joining technology for truss/lattice circular hollow section (CHS) supporting structures is being developed as replacement for welded joints. Wrapped Composite Joint uses bonding instead of welding to transfer the joint forces and bending moments between the chord and brace CHS members through a dedicated fibre reinforced polymer composite wrap. It is aimed to replace all welds in different types of joints such as X, K, KK and splice joints in fatigue and/or corrosion dominated designs of truss/lattice structures such as offshore wind jackets and floaters, fish farms, truss bridges, etc. Composite material is known for good fatigue performance from aerospace industry and wind turbine blades. Number of joint experiments showed superior fatigue performance of the wrapped composite joints compared to welded CHS joints. This new concept allows for huge reduction of thickness of CHS members resulting in significant truss/lattice structure weight reduction and increase of fatigue lifetime. This paper presents state of development and outlook of the wrapped composite joint technology in terms of design, production and joint performance for ultimate limit state, fatigue and influence of the environment. Framework of prediction methods and design principles based on ongoing experimental and numerical research will be presented. The scope includes material, interface, and joint level experiments from small to full scale (100‐600 mm member diameter) and finite element modeling of complex steel‐composite bonded joints. Advantage of using state‐of‐the‐art monitoring techniques such as Digital Image Correlation, Fibre Optics Strain Measurement and 3D scanning is highlighted
Experimental investigation of the service shear strength of the welded clip‐angle connector in a CFS beam‐to‐column connection
Authors: Madheswaran Ranjithkumar , Mallepogu Nagaraju , Madhavan Mahendrakumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present research endeavours to experimentally evaluate the service shear strength of the cold‐formed steel (CFS) welded clip‐angle connector in a CFS beam‐to‐column connection. A total of 30 laboratory tests were conducted on the 27 configurations of the clip‐angle by varying its thickness, width, and depth. The governing design failure modes observed in the welded clip‐angle are (i) Local buckling and (ii) Distortional buckling. The existing traditional elastic design approach for the service limit state design of CFS connector was found to be highly conservative for most of the welded clip‐angle specimens. Hence a new design approach is developed for the welded clip‐angle configuration and the corresponding design shear equation is suggested. A comparative study was conducted between the present welded clip‐angle configuration and existing screwed configuration. The design recommendations were suggested for the efficient design of the connection for the welded clip‐angle configuration. The relevant design factors for the suggested shear equations of welded clip‐angle were evaluated from the reliability analysis.
Structural behaviour of Cold‐Formed Steel back‐to‐back welded sections subjected to longitudinal shear
Authors: Naik Bishal , Madhavan Mahendrakumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current study focuses on understanding the behaviour of flare v‐groove welds on back‐to‐back connected Cold‐Formed Steel welded sections (G300) subjected to longitudinal shear. A novel welding technique called Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding was used for fabrication with copper‐coated steel welding wire as a filler metal (ER70S‐6). This mode of welding has the advantage of controlled material deposition compared to the spray or globular mode of welding. Lap shear tests were carried out on unlipped channels including thickness of the weld, and length of the weld. The weld geometry was observed under an optical microscope after polishing and chemical etching of the weld cross‐section, as American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) design standard provides no specification on thickness of flare v‐groove welds for CMT welding process. In general, the lap shear specimens failed in plate tearing failure mode and brittle fracture of weld at the weld contours. Additionally, the appropriateness of AISI's shear design strength equations for flare v‐groove welds was verified and preliminary design guidelines are provided addressing the lacunae in AISI design standard.