bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disgust in animals and the application of disease avoidance to wildlife management and conservation
Authors: Sarabian Cécile , Wilkinson Anna , Sigaud Marie , Kano Fumihiro , Tobajas Jorge , Darmaillacq Anne‐Sophie , Kalema‐Zikusoka Gladys , Plotnik Joshua M. , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Disgust is an adaptive system hypothesized to have evolved to reduce the risk of becoming sick. It is associated with behavioural, cognitive and physiological responses tuned to allow animals to avoid and/or get rid of parasites, pathogens and toxins.

Little is known about the mechanisms and outcomes of disease avoidance in wild animals. Furthermore, given the escalation of negative human‐wildlife interactions, the translation of such knowledge into the design of evolutionarily relevant conservation and wildlife management strategies is becoming urgent.

Contemporary methods in animal ecology and related fields, using direct (sensory cues) or indirect (remote sensing technologies and machine learning) means, provide a flexible toolbox for testing and applying disgust at individual and collective levels.

In this review/perspective paper, we provide an empirical framework for testing the adaptive function of disgust and its associated disease avoidance behaviours across species, from the least to the most social, in different habitats. We predict various trade‐offs to be at play depending on the social system and ecology of the species.

We propose five contexts in which disgust‐related avoidance behaviours could be applied, including endangered species rehabilitation, invasive species, crop‐raiding, urban pests and animal tourism.

We highlight some of the perspectives and current challenges of testing disgust in the wild. In particular, we recommend future studies to consider together disease, predation and competition risks. We discuss the ethics associated with disgust experiments in the above contexts. Finally, we promote the creation of a database gathering disease avoidance evidence in animals and its applications.
Eukaryotes contribute more than bacteria to the recovery of freshwater ecosystem functions under different drought durations
Authors: Li Chaoran , Miao Lingzhan , Adyel Tanveer M. , Huang Wei , Wang Jianjun , Wu Jun , Hou Jun , Wang Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal climate change mostly impacts river ecosystems by affecting microbial biodiversity and ecological functions. Considering the high functional redundancy of microorganisms, the unknown relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions obstructs river ecological research, especially under the influence of increasing weather extremes, such as in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES). Herein, dry–wet alternation experiments were conducted in artificial stream channels for 25 and 90 days of drought, both followed by 20 days of rewetting. The dynamic recovery of microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functions (represented by ecosystem metabolism and denitrification rate) were determined to analyse biodiversity–ecosystem–function (BEF) relationships after different drought durations. There was a significant difference between bacterial and eukaryotic biodiversity recovery after drought. Eukaryotic biodiversity was more sensitive to drought duration than bacterial, and the eukaryotic network was more stable under dry–wet alternations. Based on the establishment of partial least squares path models, we found that eukaryotic biodiversity has a stronger effect on ecosystem functions than bacteria after long‐term drought. Indeed, this work represents a significant step forward for further research on the ecosystem functions of IRES, especially emphasizing the importance of eukaryotic biodiversity in the BEF relationship.
Bacterial community assembly and antibiotic resistance genes in soils exposed to antibiotics at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Chen Zeyou , Zhang Wei , Peng Anping , Shen Yike , Jin Xin , Stedtfeld Robert D. , Boyd Stephen A. , Teppen Brian J. , Tiedje James M. , Gu Cheng , Zhu Dongqiang , Luo Yi , Li Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how bacterial community assembly and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) respond to antibiotic exposure is essential to deciphering the ecological risk of anthropogenic antibiotic pollution in soils. In this study, three loam soils with different land management (unmanured golf course, dairy‐manured pasture, and swine‐manured cornfield) were spiked with a mixture of 11 antibiotics at the initial concentration of 100 and 1000 μg kg−1 for each antibiotic and incubated over 132 days, mimicking a scenario of pulse disturbance and recovery in soils, with unspiked soil samples as the control treatment. The Infer Community Assembly Mechanisms by Phylogenetic‐bin‐based null model (iCAMP) analysis demonstrated that drift and dispersal limitation contributed to 57%–65% and 16%–25%, and homogeneous selection 12%–16% of soil bacterial community assembly. Interestingly, antibiotic exposure to 1000 μg kg−1 level significantly increased the contribution of drift to community assembly, largely due to the positive response from Acidobacteria‐6 in the golf course and pasture soils and from Chthoniobacteraceae in the cornfield soil to the antibiotic exposure. However, ARG abundance and diversity in the three soils exhibited antibiotics‐independent temporal fluctuations, but were associated with the changes in soil bacterial communities over time. This study provides the first insight into the relative contributions of different bacterial community assembly processes in soils upon antibiotic exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Applications of imaging systems for the assessment of quality characteristics of bread and other baked goods: A review
Authors: Olakanmi Sunday J. , Jayas Digvir S. , Paliwal Jitendra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the most widely researched topics in the food industry is bread quality analysis. Different techniques have been developed to assess the quality characteristics of bakery products. However, in the last few decades, the advancement in sensor and computational technologies has increased the use of computer vision to analyze food quality (e.g., bakery products). Despite a large number of publications on the application of imaging methods in the bakery industry, comprehensive reviews detailing the use of conventional analytical techniques and imaging methods for the quality analysis of baked goods are limited. Therefore, this review aims to critically analyze the conventional methods and explore the potential of imaging techniques for the quality assessment of baked products. This review provides an in‐depth assessment of the different conventional techniques used for the quality analysis of baked goods which include methods to record the physical characteristics of bread and analyze its quality, sensory‐based methods, nutritional‐based methods, and the use of dough rheological data for end‐product quality prediction. Furthermore, an overview of the image processing stages is presented herein. We also discuss, comprehensively, the applications of imaging techniques for assessing the quality of bread and other baked goods. These applications include studying and predicting baked goods' quality characteristics (color, texture, size, and shape) and classifying them based on these features. The limitations of both conventional techniques (e.g., destructive, laborious, error‐prone, and expensive) and imaging methods (e.g., illumination, humidity, and noise) and the future direction of the use of imaging methods for quality analysis of bakery products are discussed.
Methyl‐CpG binding domain (MBD)2/3 specifically recognizes and binds to the genomic mCpG site with a β‐sheet in the MBD to affect embryonic development in Bombyx mori
Authors: Fu Tong‐Yu , Ji Shuang‐Shun , Tian Yu‐Lin , Lin Yi‐Guang , Chen Yu‐Mei , Zhong Qi‐En , Zheng Si‐Chun , Xu Guan‐Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMethyl‐CpG (mCpG) binding domain (MBD) proteins especially bind with methylated DNA, and are involved in many important biological processes; however, the binding mechanism between insect MBD2/3 and mCpG remains unclear. In this study, we identified 2 isoforms of the MBD2/3 gene in Bombyx mori, MBD2/3‐S and MBD2/3‐L. Binding analysis of MBD2/3‐L, MBD2/3‐S, and 7 mutant MBD2/3‐L proteins deficient in β1−β6 or α1 in the MBD showed that β2−β3‐turns in the β‐sheet of the MBD are necessary for the formation of the MBD2/3–mCpG complex; furthermore, other secondary structures, namely, β4−β6 and an α‐helix, play a role in stabilizing the β‐sheet structure to ensure that the MBD is able to bind mCpG. In addition, sequence alignment and binding analyses of different insect MBD2/3s indicated that insect MBD2/3s have an intact and conserved MBD that binds to the mCpG of target genes. Furthermore, MBD2/3 RNA interference results showed that MBD2/3‐L plays a role in regulating B. mori embryonic development, similar to that of DNA methylation; however, MBD2/3‐S without β4−β6 and α‐helix does not alter embryonic development. These results suggest that MBD2/3‐L recognizes and binds to mCpG through the intact β‐sheet structure in its MBD, thus ensuring silkworm embryonic development.
Fabrication of a metal organic framework (MOF)‐modified Au nanoparticle array for sensitive and stable SERS sensing of paraquat in cereals
Authors: Chen Yumin , Zhu Linxuan , Yang Yuling , Wu Di , Zhang Yan , Cheng Weiwei , Tang Xiaozhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA high‐performance Au@MIL‐101/PMMA/DT surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was fabricated for sensitive and stable detection of paraquat by self‐assembling metal organic framework–modified Au nanoparticles (Au@MIL‐101) on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film and then immobilizing the formed substrate onto a duct tape (DT). The highly closely packed Au@MIL‐101 array provided intensive hotspots for SERS sensing. The MIL‐101 layer modified on the surface of Au nanoparticles could absorb paraquat to the electromagnetic enhancement area of Au nanoparticles. The DT on the bottom made the substrate smoother, which is beneficial for achieving a more stable detection performance. As a result, the constructed substrate exhibited outstanding uniformity with relative standard deviations of 9.47% and storage stability for 2 months. For detecting paraquat, the substrate showed a low detection limit of 7.1 × 10−9 M (1.83 µg/kg) and wide linear range from 10−8 to 10−2 M. Furthermore, the substrate showed good detection performance in real cereal samples with desirable recovery rates from 91.57% to 102.32%.
Does induction of labor at 41 weeks (early, mid or late) improve birth outcomes in low‐risk pregnancy? A nationwide propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Ravelli Anita C. J. , van der Post Joris A. M. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Eskes Martine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess whether induction of labor at 41 weeks of gestation improved perinatal outcomes in a low‐risk pregnancy compared with expectant management.Material and methodsRegistry‐based national cohort study in The Netherlands. The study population comprised 239 971 low‐risk singleton pregnancies from 2010 to 2019, with birth occurring from 41+0 to 42+0 weeks. We used propensity score matching to compare induction of labor in three 2‐day groups to expectant management, and further conducted separate analyses by parity. The main outcome measures were stillbirth, perinatal mortality, 5‐min Apgar <4 and <7, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions ≥24 h, and emergency cesarean section rate.ResultsCompared with expectant management, induction of labor at 41+0 to 41+1 weeks resulted in reduced stillbirths (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.51) in both nulliparous and multiparous women. Induction of labor increased 5‐min Apgar score <7 (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.55) and NICU admissions ≥24 h (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.53–2.92), particularly in nulliparous women, and increased the cesarean section rate (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.34–1.51). At 41+2–41+3 weeks, induction of labor reduced perinatal mortality (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.43) in both nulliparous and multiparous women. The rate of 5‐min Apgar score <7 was increased (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.50), reaching significance in multiparous women. The cesarean section rate increased (aOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.48–1.67) in both nulliparous and multiparous women. Induction of labor at 41+4 to 41+5 weeks reduced stillbirths (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10–0.93). Induction of labor increased rates of 5‐min Apgar score <4 (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.01–2.56) and NICU admissions ≥24 h (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.13) in nulliparous women. Cesarean section rate was increased (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.38–1.57) in nulliparous and multiparous women.ConclusionsAt 41+2 to 41+3 weeks, induction of labor reduced perinatal mortality, and in all 2‐day groups at 41 weeks, it reduced stillbirths, compared with expectant management. Low 5‐min Apgar score (<7 and <4) and NICU admissions ≥24 h occurred more often with induction of labor, especially in nulliparous women. Induction of labor in all 2‐day groups coincided with elevated cesarean section rates in nulliparous and multiparous women. These findings pertaining to the choice of induction of labor vs expectant management should be discussed when counseling women at 41 weeks of gestation.
Amygdalo‐nigral circuit mediates stress‐induced vulnerability to the parkinsonian toxin MPTP
Authors: Cai Hongwei , Zhang Pei , Li Tongxia , Li Ming , Zhang Lijun , Cui Chi , Lei Jie , Yang Jian , Ren Kun , Ming Jie , Tian Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim was to investigate the effect of mood disorders on parkinsonian toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced motor disability, substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons loss. Also, the neural circuit mechanism was elucidated.MethodsThe depression‐like (physical stress, PS) and anxiety‐like (emotional stress, ES) mouse models were established by the three‐chamber social defeat stress (SDS). The features of Parkinson's disease were reproduced by MPTP injection. Viral‐based whole‐brain mapping was utilized to resolve the stress‐induced global changes in direct inputs onto SNc DA neurons. Calcium imaging and chemogenetic techniques were applied to verify the function of the related neural pathway.ResultsWe found that PS mice, but not ES mice, showed worse movement performance and more SNc DA neuronal loss than control mice after MPTP administration. The projection from the central amygdala (CeA) to the SNcDA was significantly increased in PS mice. The activity of SNc‐projected CeA neurons was enhanced in PS mice. Activating or inhibiting the CeA‐SNcDA pathway could mimic or block PS‐induced vulnerability to MPTP.ConclusionsThese results indicated that projections from CeA to SNc DA neurons contribute to SDS‐induced vulnerability to MPTP in mice.
Microglial cGAS drives neuroinflammation in the MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ma Chunmei , Liu Ying , Li Sheng , Ma Chanyuan , Huang Jiajia , Wen Shuang , Yang Shuo , Wang Bingwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation has been widely accepted as a cause of the degenerative process. Increasing interest has been devoted to developing intervening therapeutics for preventing neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is well known that virus infections, including DNA viruses, are associated with an increased risk of PD. In addition, damaged or dying dopaminergic neurons can release dsDNA during PD progression. However, the role of cGAS, a cytosolic dsDNA sensor, in PD progression remains unclear.MethodsAdult male wild‐type mice and age‐matched male cGAS knockout (cGas−/−) mice were treated with MPTP to induce neurotoxic PD model, and then behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were conducted to compare disease phenotype. Chimeric mice were reconstituted to explore the effects of cGAS deficiency in peripheral immune cells or CNS resident cells on MPTP‐induced toxicity. RNA sequencing was used to dissect the mechanistic role of microglial cGAS in MPTP‐induced toxicity. cGAS inhibitor administration was conducted to study whether GAS may serve as a therapeutic target.ResultsWe observed that the cGAS‐STING pathway was activated during neuroinflammation in MPTP mouse models of PD. cGAS deficiency in microglia, but not peripheral immune cells, controlled neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity induced by MPTP. Mechanistically, microglial cGAS ablation alleviated the neuronal dysfunction and inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by inhibiting antiviral inflammatory signaling. Additionally, the administration of cGAS inhibitors conferred the mice neuroprotection during MPTP exposure.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings demonstrate microglial cGAS promote neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during the progression of MPTP‐induced PD mouse models and suggest cGAS may serve as a therapeutic target for PD patients.Limitations of the StudyAlthough we demonstrated that cGAS promotes the progression of MPTP‐induced PD, this study has limitations. We identified that cGAS in microglia accelerate disease progression of PD by using bone marrow chimeric experiments and analyzing cGAS expression in CNS cells, but evidence would be more straightforward if conditional knockout mice were used. This study contributed to the knowledge of the role of the cGAS pathway in PD pathogenesis; nevertheless, trying more PD animal models in the future will help us to understand the disease progression deeper and explore possible treatments.
Thymoma‐associated autoimmune encephalitis: Analysis of factors determining prognosis
Authors: Song Wenli , Li Keru , Li Jiao , Liu Xiaoni , Wu Xiaoke , Xu Xiaodong , Xiong Kangping , Chen Xiangjun , Zhang Yanlin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory central nervous system disorders caused by a misdirected immune response against self‐antigens expressed in the central nervous system. The thymus is a central organ in the immune system and thymic tumors are thought to be possible initiators of many neurological disorders. Recently, there is growing evidence that thymomas are associated with autoimmune encephalitis.AimsOur study initially explored the characteristics of patients with autoimmune encephalitis combined with thymoma.MethodsWe used patient data from January 1, 2011 to October 1, 2021 from the PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and CNKI platforms to analyze overall demographics, frequency of symptoms and associations, and treatment prognosis outcomes.ResultsA total of 68 patients were included. There were 39 female cases (57.4%). The mean age was 50 years (IQR 40–66 years). All had acute and subacute onset. The clinical manifestations were mostly cognitive changes (70.6%), mental disorders (57.4%), and epilepsy (50.0%). The most common neuronal antibody was alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were present in 81.0% of patients, mostly in the hippocampus, temporal lobe, and some in cortical and subcortical areas. Abnormalities in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 69.8% of patients. Treatment involved immunotherapy and thymoma treatment, with 79.7% of patients improving after treatment. While 20.3% of patients had a poor prognosis. Further, 14.8% of patients relapsed. Mental disorders, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbances, anti‐Ma2, and thymoma untreated were more frequent in patients with poor prognosis.ConclusionThymoma‐associated autoimmune encephalitis is a unique disease entity. Long‐term follow‐up of chest CT findings is recommended for patients with autoimmune encephalitis.
Conserving urban biodiversity: Current practice, barriers, and enablers
Authors: Soanes Kylie , Taylor Lucy , Ramalho Cristina E. , Maller Cecily , Parris Kirsten , Bush Judy , Mata Luis , Williams Nicholas S. G. , Threlfall Caragh G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban biodiversity conservation is critical if cities are to tackle the biodiversity‐extinction crisis and connect people with nature. However, little attention has been paid to how urban environmental managers navigate complex socio‐ecological contexts to conserve biodiversity in cities. We interviewed environmental managers from Australian cities to identify (1) the breadth of conservation actions undertaken and (2) the barriers and enablers to action. We found current practice to be more diverse, innovative, and proactive than previously described (318 actions across nine categories). Conversely, priority actions identified by the literature are yet to be “mainstream” in practice (e.g., designing for human–nature connection, securing space for nature in cities). Further, we identified a suite of levers to overcome barriers. Our research provides scientists and practitioners with an understanding of the multiple facets of conservation in cities and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in future research and practice.
Searching in the sand: Protracted video deficit in U.S. preschoolers' spatial recall using a continuous search space
Authors: Kirkorian Heather , Simmering Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYoung children exhibit a video deficit for spatial recall, learning less from on‐screen than in‐person demonstrations. Some theoretical accounts emphasize memory constraints (e.g., insufficient retrieval cues, competition between memory representations). Such accounts imply memory representations are graded, yet video deficit studies measuring spatial recall operationalize memory retrieval as dichotomous (success or failure). The current study tested a graded‐representation account using a spatial recall task with a continuous search space (i.e., sandbox) rather than discrete locations. With this more sensitive task, a protracted video deficit for spatial recall was found in children 4–5 years old (n = 51). This may be due to weaker memory representations in the screen condition, evidenced by higher variability and greater perseverative bias. In general, perseverative bias decreased with repeated trials. The discussion considers how the results support a graded‐representation account, potentially explaining why children might exhibit a video deficit in some tasks but not others.Research Highlights
The task used a continuous search space (sandbox), making it more difficult and sensitive than spatial recall tasks used in prior video deficit research.
Spatial recall among 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children was more variable after watching hiding events on screen via live video feed than through a window.
Children's spatial recall from screens was more susceptible to proactive interference, evidenced by more perseverative bias in an A‐not‐B design.
The results demonstrate memory representations blend experiences that accumulate over time and explain why the video deficit may be protracted for more difficult tasks.