bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PeMoScoring: a rapid screening of emerging threats caused by invasive plant pests.
Authors: Sarakatsani Evgenia , Campese Caterina , Tramontini Sara , Mosbach-Schulz Olaf , Mannino Maria Rosaria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Invasive species are anticipated to emerge in the future with equal or even higher rates than those recorded in the past. Plant pest emergence has serious negative environmental, economic, and social implications. The European Food Safety Authority was requested to develop a methodology for scoring the identified pests that may be eligible to be assessed as a potential threat. The methodology that was developed, PeMoScoring, consists in a list of criteria/questions to be answered choosing among pre-set scores. The result feeds a multi-criteria analysis that, by pairwise comparison with a set of reference pests, allows concluding whether the pest under evaluation provides sufficient evidence to be considered a threat (positive PeMo) or not (negative PeMo). In this article, PeMoScoring is described by using practical examples of four insects that have been previously evaluated: Arboridia kakogawana, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Adelges tsugae and Singhiella simplex. The PeMoScoring results, which were positive for the first two and negative for the last two pests respectively, are compared in terms of the information leading to the specific outcome. Overall, PeMoScoring proves to be a practical tool that can generate fast and reproducible results. Given its plasticity for prioritising pests in the context of risk analysis of emerging threats, accessibility should be granted before long to potential users within and outside the field of plant health.
Behaviour, Practices and Attitudes of Farmers Regarding the Use of Pesticides at the Agricultural Frontier in the South of the Amazon State
Authors: SOUZA Aline Lessa , Waichman Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The objective of the research was to study the pesticides used in the agricultural frontier of Amazonas and to evaluate the behavior, practices and attitudes of the farmers in relation to the storage, handling and disposal of packages of pesticides. 89 interviews were carried out between 2020 and 2021 with pesticide applicators residing in five municipalities in southern Amazonas, Brazil. The behavior of farmers regarding the protection of their health and the environment was evaluated. We determined the correlation between health and environmental protection behavior with the variables age, schooling, income, reading labels and technical assistance, using the Spearman Rho test and the Cochran test. 22 types of active principles are used. Most farmers use PPE incompletely (79%) or do not use any form of protection, store pesticides improperly, dispose of packaging incorrectly or do not receive technical assistance. A total of 42% of farmers demonstrated unsafe health care behavior. In terms of environmental protection, 35% of farmers demonstrate behavior that potentially promotes environmental risk. A significant relationship was found between health care behavior, income and label reading. Our results indicate the need for more adequate attention to pesticide users in the region in terms of implementing public policies, in order to raise awareness and educate farmers about the health and environmental problems caused by pesticides and to improve safe pesticide control practices. pests.
Agricultural Wastewater Sodium Removal by Sugarcane Bagasse Magnetic Nano Biochar
Authors: Kermannezhad Jalil , TorabiPoodeh Hassan , Ghanbari-Adivi Elham , ShahiNezhad Babak 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As reuse of the agricultural wastewater reduces the pressure on water resources and improves the environmental conditions, and some field wastewater is rich in sodium, this research has studied the sodium removability by sugarcane bagasse sorbents. The biochar was produced in an electric furnace, activated by KOH, heated in a microwave oven and magnetized using a 2:1 ratio Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate and Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate. The sorbents were produced using 3 KOH-to-biochar ratios, 3 microwave powers and 3 activation times and the sodium in wastewater samples was adjusted using 2, 4 and 8 g/l of sodium nitrate. According to the results, in all treatments, increasing the initial concentration increased the sodium removability. By activated nano biochar it was 1.6 times that of the non-activated and sorbent magnetization reduced it by 20%; the highest removability with activated nano biochar was 61.4% and in the magnetized case it was 58.3%.
Sea Surface Temperature Clustering and Prediction in the Pacific Ocean Based on Isometric Feature Mapping Analysis
Authors: Tseng John Chien-Han , Tsai Bo-An , Chung Kaoshen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP) is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method and closely reflects the actual nonlinear distance by the view of tracing along the local linearity in the original nonlinear structure. Thus, the first leading 20 principal components (PCs) of low-dimensional space can reveal the characteristics of real structures and be utilized for clustering. In this study, a k-means algorithm was used to diagnose SST clustering based on ISOMAP. Warm and cold El Niño–Southern Oscillation events were subdivided into Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific types, and a two-dimensional cluster map was used to depict the relationship. The leading lowdimensional PCs of ISOMAP were considered as the orthogonal basis, and their trajectories demonstrated meaningful patterns that could be learned by machine learning algorithms. Because of the low dimensionality, not all high-dimensional data points were used in future predictions. Predictions of SST in the Pacific Ocean were performed using support vector regression (SVR) and feedforward neural network (NN) models based on the low-dimensional PCs of ISOMAP. The validation results for the root mean square error (RMSE) and anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) were comparable to those of current numerical models.
Genetic diversity after a quarter of a century: How genotype composition of an experimental site of common reed (Phragmites australis) changed over 24 years
Authors: Kuprina Kristina , Seeber Elke , Rudyk Anna , Wichmann Sabine , Schnittler Martin , Bog Manuela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The cultivation of common reed (Phragmites australis) is one of the most promising practices of paludiculture on fen peatlands. This highly productive grass has a high adaptation capacity via high levels of genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. In this study, a reed experimental site established on a degraded fen in 1996/97 with a mixture of monoclonally (meristematically propagated plantlets) and polyclonally (seedlings) planted plots was investigated by microsatellite genotyping. All of the nine genotypes of the monoclonal planted plots were recovered and could be genetically characterized; invasion by other genotypes was negligible. Similarly, the polyclonal plots remained in this state, no prevalence of a single genotype was found. The growth characteristics of the five quantitatively investigated genotypes clearly differed from each other: dry biomass per stem 5–18 g, panicles per m2 20–60, average stem diameter 3.5–6 mm, height 170–250 cm. Similarly, the persistence (dominance at the planted plots) and invasiveness (ability to invade neighboured plots) of the genotypes were different. These results show that stands of reed are extremely persistent even if established with genotypes that are likely not to be locally adapted. Their genetic structure remained stable for at least 24 years, and this is largely independent of planting density (1, 4, and 10 plants per m2). Our results indicate that farmers may be able to maintain favourable genotypes for many years, thus the selection and breeding of reed as a versatile crop for rewetted peatlands is a promising objective for paludiculture research.
Inhibition of FEN1 promotes DNA damage and enhances chemotherapeutic response in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wang Zhouyuan , Yong Chenxuan , Fu Yulian , Sun Yuling , Guo zhigang , Liu Songbai , Hu Zhigang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) refers to epithelial malignancies occurring in Prostate and is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is one of the major base excise repair enzymes and is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, which contributes to cancer progression. Targeting FEN1 can be effective cancer treatment strategy However, how FEN1 act on PCa cell proliferation and its role in PCa chemotherapeutic response remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that knockdown of FEN1 by CRISPR/Cas9 system impedes the proliferation and migration of PC3 cells. Inhibitior of FEN1 SC13 induced DNA damage accumulation and further resulted in apoptosis of PC3 cells. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of FEN1 or inhibition of FEN1 by SC13 promoted DNA damage and enhanced docetaxel (DTX)-induced chemotherapeutic response in PC3 cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of FEN1 in PCa cell proliferation and implicate FEN1 as a promising target for monotherapy or combination therapeutic strategy in PCa treatment.
Title: Evaluation of Glass Ceramic Bond Strength to Different Foundation Materials
Authors: Al-Sohbani Amal , Wassefy Noha El , Attia Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground: Evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of pressable ceramic bonded to four core materials.Methods: Sixty-four cylinders of IPS e-max Press were fabricated. Disc-shaped specimens (n=16) of (IPS e-max ZIRCAD), Composite resin (Te-Econom Plus), and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) (GC FUJI II LC Capsule) were fabricated according to manufacturer recommendations. Sixteen molars were embedded in acrylic resin then their occlusal surfaces were grounded to flat dentin. Each core group was divided into two subgroups (n=8) according to cement type, either adhesive resin cement (Multilink N, Ivoclar Vivadent) or self-adhesive resin cement (Breeze, Pentron Clinical Technologies). Ceramic cylinders were bonded to core materials. All bonded specimens were stored in a water bath for five months at 37°C, then thermocycling for 5000 cycles. SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. A stereomicroscope was used to determine the failure mode, followed by SEM examination. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA, serial one-way ANOVAs at each level of study, and Tukey's HSD test at (p=0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference between different test groups, with the highest mean SBS for composite resin groups followed by RMGI groups and the lowest mean SBS for dentin groups followed by zirconia groups with no significant difference regarding cement type.Conclusion: Different core materials affected the SBS of pressable ceramic, while the cement type had no effect.
Cardamonin protects against iron overload induced arthritis by attenuating ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the SIRT1/p38MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Shaocong , He Qi , Chen Baihao , Zeng Jiaxu , Dou Xiangyun , Pan Zhaofeng , Xiao Jiacong , Li Miao , Wang Fanchen , Chen Chuyi , Lin Yuewei , Wang Xintian , Wang Haibin , Chen Jianfa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Iron homeostasis plays a essential role on joint health, while iron overload can cause damage and death of cartilage cells. Cardamonin (CAR) is a substance found in the fruit of the chasteberry plant and has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.We first administered iron dextran (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to establish an iron overload mouse model and surgically induced osteoarthritis. The extent of OA and iron deposition were assessed using micro-CT, Safranin-O/Fast green, H&E staining, and Prussian Blue 10 weeks later.We administered primary chondrocytes with FAC to evaluate the chondrocyte changes. Chondrocytes were identified in vitro by toluidine blue staining, and chondrocyte viability was evaluated by CCK-8. The rate of apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. The mechanism of action of CAR was verified by adding the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, and the expression of SIRT1 and MAPK signaling pathways was detected by Western blot. Iron overload also promoted chondrocyte apoptosis, a process that was reversed by CAR. In addition, CAR reduced NLRP3 inflammasome production via the SIRT1-MAPK pathway, and the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 inhibited the treatment of OA by CAR.CAR inhibited cartilage degeneration induced by iron overload both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, our study showed that iron overload not only inhibited type II collagen expression but also induced MMP expression by catalyzing the generation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results suggest that CAR can treat KOA by promoting SIRT1 expression and inhibiting p38MAPK pathway expression to reduce the production of NLRP3 inflammasome vesicles.
Estimation of the economic impact of heat stress on dairy production systems in Chile
Authors: Arias Rodrigo A. , Keim Juan P. , Pinto Reinaldo , Bombal Enrique 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The estimation of the economic impact of heat stress on the dairy sector is relevant to the implementation of policies to cope with it. We collected hourly records (November-March 2017–2022) from 19 weather stations representing the eight Chilean dairy macrozones to estimate two comfort thermal indices: the temperature-humidity index (THI) and the THI adjusted for solar radiation and wind speed (THIa). The economic impact was estimated considering the losses on milk yield, days open, culling rate, and deaths based on international previous work using a critical threshold of 65. There were important differences in the number of hours above the threshold among dairy production macrozones, independent of the thermal index used. The greatest values were observed in macrozones I, II, and VIII, where most of the dairy cows are located. Average losses in milk yield were between 1.75 to 6.09 times higher when THIa was used instead of THI, which also depends on the macrozone. These estimations coincide with those reported by dairy producers. Thus, the THI would be underestimating the decrease in milk yield due to heat stress. The lowest average economic losses per cow/season, 5 seasons average, occurred in macrozone VI (US$ 463.4), and the highest losses were observed in macrozone I (US $1161.4) both using THIa. Thus, losses at the country level fluctuate between US$ 29.0 and 108.4 million per season, depending on the index used. Finally, heat stress impacts negatively and significantly the Chilean dairy sector, which is highly dependent on the dairy production macrozone.
Formalin-fixed Stool Improves Performance of the Kato‑Katz method
Authors: Wisetmora Ampas , Artchayasawat Atchara , Laummaunwai Porntip , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Wattanawong Oranard , Boonmars Thidarut 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Parasitic infections are a public health problem worldwide including in Thailand. An epidemiological survey for helminthiasis based on stool examination uses the Kato-Katz method as recommended by the WHO. Limitations of this method include the need for fresh stool as well as time requirements and a lack of quality control. These remain a big problem in parasite control policy. Our goal here was to use formalin-fixed stool samples to improve the diagnostic performance of the Kato-Katz method.Methods Stools were divided into two groups: formalin-fixed and unfixed stool groups at various time points and processes for the Kato-Katz method. Fresh Echinostome eggs were added to each stool group. The clearing process was increased by incubation with glycerol. Each group was observed and photographed under a light microscope. Parasite eggs were imaged and compared with the standard Kato-Katz method.Results The quality of Echinostome egg visualization from the slide of formalin-fixed stool was significantly better than the unfixed stool (p < 0.01). Stool fixed for seven days retains its normal Echinostome egg morphology. Incubation with glycerol for 1 h could increase the Kato-Katz performance by digesting the stool content and enhancing egg observation. Moreover, the result of Kato-Katz method using natural helminths infection fixed and fixed stool plus glycerol found the good quality of Opisthorchis viverrini and Taenia egg visualization, normal morphology with clear background of slide.Conclusions Formalin-fixed stool could be suitable and appropriate for the Kato-Katz method rather than fresh stool; it could be used for epidemiological studies.
Larvicidal and Insecticidal activity of herbal formulation against Tribolium castaneum and Maconellicoccus hirsitus respectively
Authors: Patil Sujata N , Hundiwale Jogendra C. , Vadnere Gautam P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The Mealybug,Maconellicoccus hirsitus, is commonly known as pink hibiscus mealybug which is a serious insect pest of many plants of tropical and subtropical region.Tribolium castaneumis the major pest of wheat and rice. Also, serious pest of cereal grains and their products. The efficacy of herbal extract of 13 medicinal plants was checked againstMaconellicoccus hirsitusandTribolium castaneumin vivo under the temperature 25-270C and relative humidity 60–70%. The herbal extract at 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% concentration were applied to check their insecticidal and larvicidal activity. From the result of this experiment, reveals that, the herbal extract may be effective againstMaconellicoccus hirsitusandTribolium castaneumand we can use as alternative to chemical pesticides.
Crystal structure engineering of GdFeO3/Mxene composites with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption: role of phase transition and high polarizability
Authors: Chen Qiuling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of new materials that can absorb electromagnetic waves (EMW) is needed to address the problem of signal interference and crosstalk. In this study, a new composite material consisting of MXene and GdFeO3 nanoparticles has been synthesized using crystal structure engineering to improve EMW attenuation performance between 2 and 18 GHz. The GFO nanoparticles, with a size of 30–40 nm, are evenly distributed on the surface of the MXene layers. The XRD and Raman spectra of the composite material show different phases of GdFeO3, which have different crystal symmetries and coordination states. The XPS and EPR measurements indicate the coexistence of various valence states of Fe, which leads to oxygen vacancies in the lattice. The addition of MXene greatly increased the specific surface area and dielectric properties of the composite material. Due to the improved polarization and phase transition behavior, the P-E loop, DM constant, and attenuation constant were significantly enhanced. The combination of good ferroelectric GdFeO3 and disordered crystal phase into the multilayered MXene matrix resulted in an enhancement of conductive and magnetic losses. Experimental results demonstrated that the Pbnm GdFeO3/MXene composites exhibited excellent EMW absorption performance. At a thickness of 4 mm, the minimum reflection loss was − 61.5 dB, and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 8.62 GHz was achieved at 10.8 GHz due to the good dielectric, magnetic, and multiple reflections contributing to superior EMW absorption performance with a broad band.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-based Diagnosis Support System for Distinguishing between Mild and Severe Depression Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Liu Man , Yang Hui , Wang Mengyao , Zhao Yunlan , Han Xiao , Chen Huan , Feng Yaju 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Due to the fast-paced lifestyle, individuals may experience varying degrees of depression attributed to stress, academic pursuits, and other causative factors. Hemodynamics and functional connectivity (correlation between channels) of the prefrontal lobe have been identified as crucial factors in assessing the severity of depression. As a non-invasive technique for monitoring cerebral blood flow, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) shows promising potential as a tool for objective auxiliary diagnosis of depression.This study aimed to develop prediction models for distinguishing patients with severe depression from those with mild depression based on the dataset collected by fNIRS.We collected the fNIRS data from 140 subjects, and used a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-wavelet threshold combined denoising method (CEEMDAN-WPT) to remove the jitter and artefact noise generated during the verbal fluency task (VFT). The temporal and correlation features of 18 channels in the prefrontal lobe of the subjects were extracted as predictors. We screened out the optimal temporal features (TF) or correlation features (CF) using the RFECV, and investigated their role in distinguishing severe and mild depression, respectively. The fusion of TF and CF, as the input of the prediction model, yielded higher classification accuracy than using TF or CF alone as the prediction factor. Among the prediction models, the SVM-based predictive model performed well in nested cross-validation, with an accuracy rate of 92.8%.The proposed model effectively distinguishes mild depression from severe depression, provides an objective diagnostic method for mental health workers, and is significant in treating patients with depression.
A prefrontal cortex alpha / delta switch controls the transition from positive to negative affective states
Authors: Burgdorf Jeffrey , Moskal Joseph 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Positive and negative emotional states in rats can be studied by investigating ultrasonic vocalizations. Positive affect in rats is indexed by 50-kHz USVs, and negative affect is indexed by 20-kHz calls. We examined the relationship of emotional states in rats using medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) quantitative electroencephalograms (qEEG) and found that hedonic USVs were associated with active wake qEEG (high alpha/low delta), and aversive USVs occurred with groggy wake qEEG (low alpha/high delta). Further, alpha stimulation of the MPFC induces hedonic calls and reward-seeking behavior, whereas delta stimulation produces aversive calls and avoidance behavior. The brain region responsible for generating USVs, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), shows a motor-evoked potential that is temporally locked to the alpha (hedonic) and delta (aversive) motor-evoked potential. Closed-loop alpha stimulation could prevent delta qEEG and aversive USVs. At the neuronal circuit level, alpha was associated with synaptic potentiation (LTP) whereas delta induced depotentiation (LTD). At the pharmacological level, NMDAR and growth factor modulation regulated these forms of neuroplasticity. At the single neuron level, excitatory neurons show increased activity in response to alpha frequencies and decreased activity during delta frequencies. In humans, the feeling of joy increased alpha and decreased delta power in frontal scalp qEEG, and the opposite response was seen for sadness. Thus, the synchronization of alpha / delta oscillations through the neuronal circuit responsible for emotional expression coordinates emotional behavior, and the switch between active wake / positive affect and groggy wake / negative affect is under the control of an LTP- LTD synaptic plasticity mechanism.