bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SETTING OF GRATTIUS’CYNEGETICA
Authors: Wiseman T.P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNothing is known of the poet Grattius except that he was a contemporary of Ovid. However, certain peculiarities in the text of hisCynegeticasuggest that he wrote for public performance, that the poem was presented atludi scaeniciwhere dancers and singers were performing too, that the Palatine temple of Apollo was probably where the event took place, and that the most likely occasion for it was one of the ‘quinquennial’ games celebrating the defeat of Cleopatra.
Consumption of trematode parasite infectious stages: from conceptual synthesis to future research agenda
Authors: Koprivnikar J. , Thieltges D.W. , Johnson P.T.J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven their sheer cumulative biomass and ubiquitous presence, parasites are increasingly recognized as essential components of most food webs. Beyond their influence as consumers of host tissue, many parasites also have free-living infectious stages that may be ingested by non-host organisms, with implications for energy and nutrient transfer, as well as for pathogen transmission and infectious disease dynamics. This has been particularly well-documented for the cercaria free-living stage of digenean trematode parasites within the Phylum Platyhelminthes. Here, we aim to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding cercariae consumption by examining: (a) approaches for studying cercariae consumption; (b) the range of consumers and trematode prey documented thus far; (c) factors influencing the likelihood of cercariae consumption; (d) consequences of cercariae consumption for individual predators (e.g. their viability as a food source); and (e) implications of cercariae consumption for entire communities and ecosystems (e.g. transmission, nutrient cycling and influences on other prey). We detected 121 unique consumer-by-cercaria combinations that spanned 60 species of consumer and 35 trematode species. Meaningful reductions in transmission were seen for 31 of 36 combinations that considered this; however, separate studies with the same cercaria and consumer sometimes showed different results. Along with addressing knowledge gaps and suggesting future research directions, we highlight how the conceptual and empirical approaches discussed here for consumption of cercariae are relevant for the infectious stages of other parasites and pathogens, illustrating the use of cercariae as a model system to help advance our knowledge regarding the general importance of parasite consumption.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Penicillidia jenynsii (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae) and phylogenetic relationship
Authors: Yang Jinting , Huang Xiaobin , Wang Yujuan , Yang Huijuan , Zhang Xianzheng , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, bat-associated pathogens, such as 2019 novel coronavirus, have been ravaging the world, and ectoparasites of bats have received increasing attention. Penicillidia jenynsii is a member of the family Nycteribiidae which is a group of specialized ectoparasites of bats. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. jenynsii was sequenced for the first time and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea was conducted. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. jenynsii is 16 165 base pairs (bp) in size, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea known from the NCBI supported the monophyly of the family Nycteribiidae, and the family Nycteribiidae was a sister group with the family Streblidae. This study not only provided molecular data for the identification of P. jenynsii, but also provided a reference for the phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea.
Tangential-force detection ability of three-axis fingernail-color sensor aided by CNN
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Chen Yandong , Komura Hiraku , Ohka Masahiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe create a new tactile recording system with which we develop a three-axis fingernail-color sensor that can measure a three-dimensional force applied to fingertips by observing the change of the fingernail’s color. Since the color change is complicated, the relationships between images and three-dimensional forces were assessed using convolution neural network (CNN) models. The success of this method depends on the input data size because the CNN model learning requires big data. Thus, to efficiently obtain big data, we developed a novel measuring device, which was composed of an electronic scale and a load cell, to obtain fingernail images with 0
$^\circ$
to 360
$^\circ$
directional tangential force. We performed a series of evaluation experiments to obtain movies of the color changes caused by the three-axis forces and created a data set for the CNN models by transforming the movies to still images. Although we produced a generalized CNN model that can evaluate the images of any person’s fingernails, its root means square error (RMSE) exceeded both the whole and individual models, and the individual models showed the smallest RMSE. Therefore, we adopted the individual models, which precisely evaluated the tangential-force direction of the test data in an
$F_x$
-
$F_y$
plane within around
$\pm$
2.5
$^\circ$
error at the peak points of the applied force. Although the fingernail-color sensor possessed almost the same level of accuracy as previous sensors for normal-force tests, the present fingernail-color sensor acts as the best tangential sensor because the RMSE obtained from tangential-force tests was around 1/3 that of previous studies.
Creating Law through Regulating Intimacy: The Case of Slave Marriage in Nineteenth-Century New York and the United States
Authors: Feldman Lauren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article argues that American jurists fashioned new understandings about the capacity of states to legislate about marriage through regulating the intimate lives of enslaved and newly freed individuals. This article does so through analyzing the creation and impact of a little-studied 1809 law in New York that legalized the marriages of enslaved people—while individuals were still enslaved—as part of the state's process of gradual emancipation, which occurred from 1799 to 1827. In New York, by legalizing enslaved people's marriages, jurists privatized financial liabilities within soon-to-be freed families. The law stood at odds with national juridical understanding about marital regulation. Jurists in the early republic were uncertain about whether states could legislate about matrimony. Southern states after the Civil War then cited and replicated New York's logic in legislating to legalize the marriages of freedpeople, similarly privatizing financial claims within families. In the cases of both New York and national emancipation, jurists, in choosing privatization, foreclosed possibilities for a different or broader vision of state support for freedpeople, such as reparations. After making marital laws about slavery, both New York and Southern states created and/or tightened their marriage laws, further inscribing understandings of the marital family into American governance. This piece contributes to historiographies of slavery, the American state, and intimacy.
Sex differences in Parkinson disease-associated episodic memory and processing speed deficits
Authors: Reekes Tyler H. , Higginson Christopher I. , Sigvardt Karen A. , King David S. , Levine Dawn , Wheelock Vicki L. , Disbrow Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to address a gap in the data on cognitive sex differences in persons living with Parkinson disease (PD). There is some evidence that cognitive dysfunction is more severe in male PD, however data on episodic memory and processing speed is incomplete.Methods:One hundred and sixty-seven individuals with a diagnosis of PD were included in this study. Fifty-six of those individuals identified as female. The California Verbal Learning Test 1st edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale 3rd edition were used to evaluate verbal and visuospatial episodic memory and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd edition was used to evaluate processing speed. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to identify sex-specific differences across groups.Results:Our results show that males with PD performed significantly worse than females in verbal and visuospatial recall as well as a trend for the processing speed task of coding.Conclusions:Our finding of superior performance among females with PD in verbal episodic memory is consistent with reports in both healthy and PD individuals; however, females outperforming males in measures of visuospatial episodic memory is unique to PD. Cognitive deficits preferentially affecting males appear to be associated with frontal lobe-related function. Therefore, males may represent a disease subgroup more susceptible to disease mechanisms affecting frontal lobe deterioration and cognitive disturbances in PD.
Melting Alpine Water Towers Aggravate Downstream Low Flows: A Stress‐Test Storyline Approach
Authors: van Tiel Marit , Weiler Markus , Freudiger Daphné , Moretti Greta , Kohn Irene , Gerlinger Kai , Stahl Kerstin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDroughts can lead to extreme low flow situations in rivers, with resulting severe impacts. Upstream snow and ice melt in many of the world's mountain water towers can alleviate the hydrological consequences of drought, yet global warming threatens the cryosphere. To improve the understanding of melt water contributions during drought in the case of future glacier retreat, we developed stress‐test storyline scenarios to model streamflow and tested them in the European river Rhine basin. Meteorological conditions of past drought and low flow years in Europe, 1976, 2003, and 2018, were repeated at three future moments in time, representing nowadays, near future and far future conditions. The latter two conditions were obtained by climate projections under the RCP8.5 scenario. Results show that the low flow situations caused by the meteorological drought situations aggravate in future conditions, more so for the far future and for the year 2003 because of the relatively large glacier ice melt contribution in the past. Summer (July–September) streamflow may decline by 5%–25% far downstream and 30%–70% upstream and the duration of extreme low flow situations may double compared to the selected past drought events. These results are relevant for the Rhine as a major European river but stand exemplary for many other river basins and highlight the importance of cryospheric changes for downstream low flow situations in a changing climate. The stress‐test scenarios allow a glimpse into future extreme low flow events aiding adaptation planning, and might be adapted to include other important low flow drivers.
The Redox State of Incipient Oceanic Subduction Zones: An Example From the Troodos Ophiolite (Cyprus)
Authors: Hu Wen‐Jun , Zhou Mei‐Fu , Ribeiro Julia M. , Malpas John , Wu Ya‐Dong , Bai Zhong‐Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo understand the oxygen fugacity (fO2) during subduction initiation, we examined proto‐arc boninites and associated mantle peridotites from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. The Troodos ophiolite represents an exhumed piece of oceanic lithosphere that formed during subduction initiation in Neo‐Tethys in Late Cretaceous. Dunites and surrounding harzburgites in the Kokkinorotsos podiform chromite deposit of the ophiolite were formed by reactions between peridotites and ascending boninitic magmas. The olivine‐chromite oxybarometers show that the fO2 values (∆QFM −0.41 ± 0.37) of the dunites are slightly higher than those (∆QFM −0.85 ± 0.52) of the harzburgites under mantle conditions, indicating that the mantle fO2 was raised limitedly by percolation of the boninitic magmas. Meanwhile, the boninitic upper pillow lavas in the Margi area also recorded relatively reduced fO2 values (∆QFM −0.52 ± 0.20) during olivine‐chromite crystallization, comparable to the fO2 of mid‐ocean ridge basalts. Shallow‐level processes (i.e., magma ascent, crystallization, crustal assimilation, and degassing) appear to have limited influence on the estimated fO2 values in Troodos. The similarly low fO2 values of the mantle peridotites and boninitic magmas suggest that the Troodos primary boninitic magmas were perhaps not as oxidized as the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) proto‐arc boninitic magmas, though both mantle sources have captured the slab fluids released during subduction inception. This difference might be attributed to the different nature of the slab components (i.e., a more reduced subduction input for Troodos). Our study thus suggests that subducted slabs might not always release oxidized fluids, and the oxidation processes might be different for each nascent subduction zones.
The Thermosphere Is a Drag: The 2022 Starlink Incident and the Threat of Geomagnetic Storms to Low Earth Orbit Space Operations
Authors: Berger T. E. , Dominique M. , Lucas G. , Pilinski M. , Ray V. , Sewell R. , Sutton E. K. , Thayer J. P. , Thiemann E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn 03 February 2022, SpaceX launched 49 Starlink satellites, 38 of which re‐entered the atmosphere on or about 07 February 2022 due to unexpectedly high atmospheric drag. We use empirical model (NRLMSIS, JB08, and HASDM) outputs as well as solar extreme ultraviolet occultation and high‐fidelity accelerometer data to show that thermospheric density was at least 20%–30% higher at 210 km relative to the 9 days prior to the launch due to consecutive geomagnetic storms related to solar eruptions from NOAA AR12936 on 29 January 2022. We model the orbital altitude and in‐track position of a Starlink‐like satellite in a low‐drag configuration at 200 km during minor (G1) and extreme (G5) geomagnetic storms to show that an extreme storm would have at least a factor of two higher impact, with cumulative in‐track errors on the order of 10,000 km after a 5‐day duration extreme storm. Comparison of the JB08 and NRL MSIS models relative to the HASDM model during modeled historical minor and extreme geomagnetic storms shows that in‐track errors on the order of 100 km per day at 250 km, decreasing to cumulative errors on the order of 1 km per day at 550 km during geomagnetic storms. We conclude that full‐physics, data assimilative, coupled models of the magnetosphere and upper atmosphere, as well as new operational satellite missions providing “nowcasting” data to launch controllers, space traffic coordinators, and satellite operators, are needed to prevent similar—or worse—orbital system impacts during future geomagnetic storms.
Cross-diagnostic determinants of cognitive functioning: the muscarinic cholinergic receptor as a model system
Authors: Jones Sara E. , Harvey Philip D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCognitive impairment is a predictor of disability across different neuropsychiatric conditions, and cognitive abilities are also strongly related to educational attainment and indices of life success in the general population. Previous attempts at drug development for cognitive enhancement have commonly attempted to remedy defects in transmitters systems putatively associated with the conditions of interest such as the glutamate system in schizophrenia. Recent studies of the genomics of cognitive performance have suggested influences that are common in the general population and in different neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, it seems possible that transmitter systems that are implicated for cognition across neuropsychiatric conditions and the general population would be a viable treatment target. We review the scientific data on cognition and the muscarinic cholinergic receptor system (M1 and M4) across different diagnoses, in aging, and in the general population. We suggest that there is evidence suggesting potential beneficial impacts of stimulation of critical muscarinic receptors for the enhancement of cognition in a broad manner, as well as the treatment of psychotic symptoms. Recent developments make stimulation of the M1 receptor more tolerable, and we identify the potential benefits of M1 and M4 receptor stimulation as a trans-diagnostic treatment model.
A T follicular helper cell origin for T regulatory type 1 cells
Authors: Solé Patricia , Yamanouchi Jun , Garnica Josep , Uddin Muhammad Myn , Clarke Robert , Moro Joel , Garabatos Nahir , Thiessen Shari , Ortega Mireia , Singha Santiswarup , Mondal Debajyoti , Fandos César , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Yang Yang , Serra Pau , Santamaria Pere 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChronic antigenic stimulation can trigger the differentiation of antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells into T regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells, a subset of interleukin-10-producing Treg cells that do not express FOXP3. The identities of the progenitor(s) and transcriptional regulators of this T-cell subset remain unclear. Here, we show that the peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII) monospecific immunoregulatory T-cell pools that arise in vivo in different genetic backgrounds in response to pMHCII-coated nanoparticles (pMHCII-NPs) are invariably comprised of oligoclonal subpools of T follicular helper (TFH) and TR1 cells with a nearly identical clonotypic composition but different functional properties and transcription factor expression profiles. Pseudotime analyses of scRNAseq data and multidimensional mass cytometry revealed progressive downregulation and upregulation of TFH and TR1 markers, respectively. Furthermore, pMHCII-NPs trigger cognate TR1 cell formation in TFH cell-transfused immunodeficient hosts, and T-cell-specific deletion of Bcl6 or Irf4 blunts both the TFH expansion and TR1 formation induced by pMHCII-NPs. In contrast, deletion of Prdm1 selectively abrogates the TFH-to-TR1 conversion. Bcl6 and Prdm1 are also necessary for anti-CD3 mAb-induced TR1 formation. Thus, TFH cells can differentiate into TR1 cells in vivo, and BLIMP1 is a gatekeeper of this cellular reprogramming event.
Deep learning-enabled segmentation of ambiguous bioimages with deepflash2
Authors: Griebel Matthias , Segebarth Dennis , Stein Nikolai , Schukraft Nina , Tovote Philip , Blum Robert , Flath Christoph M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBioimages frequently exhibit low signal-to-noise ratios due to experimental conditions, specimen characteristics, and imaging trade-offs. Reliable segmentation of such ambiguous images is difficult and laborious. Here we introduce deepflash2, a deep learning-enabled segmentation tool for bioimage analysis. The tool addresses typical challenges that may arise during the training, evaluation, and application of deep learning models on ambiguous data. The tool’s training and evaluation pipeline uses multiple expert annotations and deep model ensembles to achieve accurate results. The application pipeline supports various use-cases for expert annotations and includes a quality assurance mechanism in the form of uncertainty measures. Benchmarked against other tools, deepflash2 offers both high predictive accuracy and efficient computational resource usage. The tool is built upon established deep learning libraries and enables sharing of trained model ensembles with the research community. deepflash2 aims to simplify the integration of deep learning into bioimage analysis projects while improving accuracy and reliability.
Seismic evidence for a 1000 km mantle discontinuity under the Pacific
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Irving Jessica C. E. , Simons Frederik J. , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeismic discontinuities in the mantle are indicators of its thermo-chemical state and offer clues to its dynamics. Ray-based seismic methods, though limited by the approximations made, have mapped mantle transition zone discontinuities in detail, but have yet to offer definitive conclusions on the presence and nature of mid-mantle discontinuities. Here, we show how to use a wave-equation-based imaging method, reverse-time migration of precursors to surface-reflected seismic body waves, to uncover both mantle transition zone and mid-mantle discontinuities, and interpret their physical nature. We observe a thinned mantle transition zone southeast of Hawaii, and a reduction in impedance contrast around 410 km depth in the same area, suggesting a hotter-than-average mantle in the region. Here, we furthermore reveal a 4000–5000 km-wide reflector in new images of the mid mantle below the central Pacific, at 950–1050 km depth. This deep discontinuity exhibits strong topography and generates reflections with polarity opposite to those originating at the 660 km discontinuity, implying an impedance reversal near 1000 km. We link this mid-mantle discontinuity to the upper reaches of deflected mantle plumes upwelling in the region. Reverse-time migration full-waveform imaging is a powerful approach to imaging Earth’s interior, capable of broadening our understanding of its structure and dynamics and shrinking modeling uncertainties.
Top-down patterning of topological surface and edge states using a focused ion beam
Authors: Bake Abdulhakim , Zhang Qi , Ho Cong Son , Causer Grace L. , Zhao Weiyao , Yue Zengji , Nguyen Alexander , Akhgar Golrokh , Karel Julie , Mitchell David , Pastuovic Zeljko , Lewis Roger , Cole Jared H. , Nancarrow Mitchell , Valanoor Nagarajan , Wang Xiaolin , Cortie David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe conducting boundary states of topological insulators appear at an interface where the characteristic invariant ℤ2 switches from 1 to 0. These states offer prospects for quantum electronics; however, a method is needed to spatially-control ℤ2 to pattern conducting channels. It is shown that modifying Sb2Te3 single-crystal surfaces with an ion beam switches the topological insulator into an amorphous state exhibiting negligible bulk and surface conductivity. This is attributed to a transition from ℤ2 = 1 → ℤ2 = 0 at a threshold disorder strength. This observation is supported by density functional theory and model Hamiltonian calculations. Here we show that this ion-beam treatment allows for inverse lithography to pattern arrays of topological surfaces, edges and corners which are the building blocks of topological electronics.