bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal shadows produced by myopia control spectacles
Authors: de Tomas Martín , Szeps Abel , Martín Gabriel , Suárez Juan Manuel , Atchison David A. , Rozema Jos J. , Iribarren Rafael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo analyse ocular coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retinal shadows caused by defocus and diffusion optics spectacles.MethodsOne eye was fitted successively with the Hoya Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lens, two variations of the +3.50 D peripheral add spectacle (DEFOCUS) and the low‐contrast dot lens (Diffusion Optics Multiple Segments, DOMS); each at a vertex distance of 12 mm. Simultaneously, a retinal image of the macular region with central fixation was obtained using infrared OCT. The corneal power and intraocular distances were determined using an optical biometer.ResultsThe retinal images for the DIMS and DOMS lenses showed patterns of obvious retinal shadows in the periphery, while the central 10–11° remained clear. The DEFOCUS lens produced a darkened peripheral area. Dividing the size of the retinal pattern, measured with the calliper of the OCT software, by the actual size on the spectacle lens gave a magnification of −0.57 times. This is consistent with the incoming OCT beam being imaged to a position approximately 31 mm beyond the front of the eye. [Correction added on 26 October 2023 after first online publication: The preceding paragraph was corrected.]ConclusionWith device‐specific correction, retinal OCT images can help visualise the regions affected by the defocus or lowered contrast induced by myopia control spectacles. This is of potential value for improving myopia therapies.
Lateral Center‐edge Angle of 18° (Bone‐Edge): Threshold for Hip Arthroscopy Treatment in Patients with Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Chunbao , Zhang Jianping , Zhao Gang , Liu Yujie 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveHip arthroscopy for the treatment of symptomatic borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze minimum 2‐year outcomes of BDDH after arthroscopic surgery and explore the criteria and thresholds of the lateral center‐edge angle (LCEA) in arthroscopic surgery for BDDH.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from patients aged 18–50 who underwent arthroscopic surgery for BDDH and had an LCEA 18–25° between September 2016 and June 2020. The consistency of interobserver and intraobserver measurements of bone‐edge LCEA was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on LCEA (18–20°and 20–25°) and the results of arthroscopy compared between groups. Patient‐reported outcome (PRO) scores, consisting of the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the international hip outcome tool‐12 (IHOT‐12), the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom status (PASS) were calculated.ResultsIn 52 patients with ≥2‐year follow‐up, female patients accounted for 71.2% and the mean age was 30.8 ± 8.4 years (range: 18 to 49 years). There was a high level of agreement when measuring the bone‐edge LCEA definition of BDDH (Kappa = 0.921). Interobserver repeatability (ICC = 0.909, 95%CI: 0.847–0.947) and intraobserver repeatability (ICC = 0.944, 95%CI: 0.905–0.968) were excellent for bone‐edge LCEA measurements. In addition to LCEA and Tönnis angle, there were no significant differences in α angle, neck stem angle, femoral anteversion angle, medial joint space, Tönnis grade of osteoarthritis, acetabular retroversion (8 sign), Cam deformity and anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) morphology between the two groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperative findings and procedures showed no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). The mean follow‐up time was 44.4 ± 11.0 months (range: 25 to 64 months). Postoperative VAS, mHHS and IHOT‐12 scores in the LCEA 18–20° group and the LCEA 20–25° group were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of MCID and PASS (mHHS and iHOT‐12) between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionPatients in the LCEA 18–20° group and the LCEA 20–25° group achieved favorable outcomes after arthroscopic surgery. LCEA 18° (bone‐edge) should be the threshold for hip arthroscopic surgery in BDDH patients without obvious hip instability.
Targeted large fragment deletion in plants using paired crRNAs with type I CRISPR system
Authors: Li Yingnan , Huang Boyu , Chen Jian , Huang Liangliang , Xu Jianghai , Wang Yingying , Cui Guanghui , Zhao Haiming , Xin Beibei , Song Weibin , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Lai Jinsheng 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe CRISPR‐Cas systems have been widely used as genome editing tools, with type II and V systems typically introducing small indels, and type I system mediating long‐range deletions. However, the precision of type I systems for large fragment deletion is still remained to be optimized. Here, we developed a compact Cascade‐Cas3 Dvu I‐C system with Cas11c for plant genome editing. The Dvu I‐C system was efficient to introduce controllable large fragment deletion up to at least 20 kb using paired crRNAs. The paired‐crRNAs design also improved the controllability of deletions for the type I‐E system. Dvu I‐C system was sensitive to spacer length and mismatch, which was benefit for target specificity. In addition, we showed that the Dvu I‐C system was efficient for generating stable transgenic lines in maize and rice with the editing efficiency up to 86.67%. Overall, Dvu I‐C system we developed here is powerful for achieving controllable large fragment deletions.
Breeding dryland legumes for diverse needs: Using multi‐location trials and participatory variety selection to develop farmer‐preferred groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) varieties
Authors: Okori Patrick , Mwololo James , Munthali Wills , Madzonga Oswin , Charlie Harvey , Elirehema Swai , Rao Nadigatla Ganga , Bright Jumbo , Siambi Moses , Bekunda Mateete 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAgriculture in Sub‐Saharan Africa is primarily smallholder‐based, employing up to 60% of the workforce and accounting for 14%–23% of GDP. The smallholders grow crops for domestic and off‐farm markets, necessitating crop variety attributes for which trait mismatches may limit adoption. Indeed, improved variety adoption is varied and limited, especially for self‐pollinated crops, in part due to the mismatch in characteristics of commercialised varieties. The international research community leads breeding of varieties for under‐invested crops, especially legumes. These varieties are often resilient and productive, but the dynamisms in target agri‐food systems may limit their relevance. Gaining a better understanding of the trait profiles that crop value chain actors consider will increase their adoption. This study combined multi‐location trials and participatory variety selection (PVS) of pigeon pea and groundnut across different environments to evaluate the efficacy of both processes in the breeding of desired varieties. The present study shows improvement in the new materials regarding performance and preference by farmers. Additionally, PVS showed that men prioritised productivity and market‐enhancing traits, whereas women ranked food security traits highest.
Understanding human nature through taste: Dasan Jeong Yak‐yong's account of human‐nature‐as‐taste
Authors: Choi Dobin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay investigates Dasan Jeong Yak‐yong's (1762–1836) account of human‐nature‐as‐taste, by comparing his commentaries on significant chapters in the Mengzi to Zhu Xi's commentaries. Dasan argues that human nature is understood through giho, taste sentiments and desires, and not as Principle (li). I first introduce Dasan's account of human‐nature‐as‐taste in his commentaries to 3A1 and 7A4. Next, I argue that giho is most appropriately translated as “taste,” because this term captures the dispositional characteristics of giho as a mental faculty as well as its mental effects, such as desires, sentiments, and preferences. I then examine Dasan's and Zhu Xi's commentaries on 6A7 and 6A6, to illustrate how Dasan's view of human‐nature‐as‐taste interprets the chapters differently from Zhu Xi's metaphysical account of human‐nature‐as‐Principle, which Dasan considers as unsupported by the philological and contextual grounds. This exploration of Dasan's empirical account of human‐nature‐as‐taste, serving as a preliminary for a philosophical study of his reinterpretation of the Confucian Classics and his performative account of moral self‐cultivation, will provide us with an alternative perspective to the Neo‐Confucian metaphysic‐epistemic account of human nature.
The association between multidimensional sleep health and gestational weight gain
Authors: Hawkins Marquis S. , Pokutnaya Darya Y. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Levine Michele D. , Buysse Daniel J. , Davis Esa M. , Wallace Meredith L. , Zee Phyllis C. , Grobman William A. , Reid Kathryn J. , Facco Francesca L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough poor sleep health is associated with weight gain and obesity in the non‐pregnant population, research on the impact of sleep health on weight change among pregnant people using a multidimensional sleep health framework is needed.ObjectivesThis secondary data analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcome Study: Monitoring Mothers‐to‐be Sleep Duration and Continuity Study (n = 745) examined associations between mid‐pregnancy sleep health indicators, multidimensional sleep health and gestational weight gain (GWG).MethodsSleep domains (i.e. regularity, nap duration, timing, efficiency and duration) were assessed via actigraphy between 16 and 21 weeks of gestation. We defined ‘healthy’ sleep in each domain with empirical thresholds. Multidimensional sleep health was based on sleep profiles derived from latent class analysis and composite score defined as the sum of healthy sleep domains. Total GWG, the difference between self‐reported pre‐pregnancy weight and the last measured weight before delivery, was converted to z‐scores using gestational age‐ and BMI‐specific charts. GWG was defined as low (<−1 SD), moderate (−1 or +1 SD) and high (>+1 SD).ResultsNearly 50% of the participants had a healthy sleep profile (i.e. healthy sleep in most domains), whereas others had a sleep profile defined as having varying degrees of unhealthy sleep in each domain. The individual sleep domains were associated with a 20%–30% lower risk of low or high GWG. Each additional healthy sleep indicator was associated with a 10% lower risk of low (vs. moderate), but not high, GWG. Participants with late timing, long duration and low efficiency (vs. healthy) profiles had the strongest risk of low GWG (relative risk 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.9, 2.4). Probabilistic bias analysis suggested that most associations between individual sleep health indicators, sleep health profiles and GWG were biased towards the null.ConclusionsFuture research should determine whether sleep health is an intervention target for healthy GWG.
Bureaucratic overburdening in advanced democracies
Authors: Fernández‐i‐Marín Xavier , Hinterleitner Markus , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConstant policy growth can overburden bureaucracies if implementation capacities are not expanded in lockstep with policy production. This development may undermine policy effectiveness and hence the long‐term legitimacy of democracies. This article provides a systematic analysis of this phenomenon. We demonstrate that (i) overburdening is a general trend in advanced democracies; (ii) the extent of overburdening varies by the institutional context in which policy makers operate; and that, in consequence, (iii) countries' bureaucracies differ in their distance (or closeness) to the “tipping point” after which additional policies do more harm than good. We provide information on the ratio between the policies up for implementation and the bureaucratic capacities available for 21 OECD countries over a period of 45 years (1976–2020), focusing on the areas of environmental and social policy as two major areas of governmental intervention. Bayesian analyses and background interviews serve to illuminate the reasons for and consequences of overburdened bureaucracies.
Effect of muscle length in a handgrip task on corticomotor excitability of extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles under resting and submaximal contraction conditions
Authors: Moraes Victor Hugo , Vargas Claudia D. , Ramalho Bia L. , Matsuda Renan H. , Souza Victor H. , Imbiriba Luis Aureliano , Garcia Marco Antonio C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe neurophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle force control for different wrist postures still need to be better understood. To further elucidate these mechanisms, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of wrist posture on the corticospinal excitability by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of extrinsic (flexor [FCR] and extensor carpi radialis [ECR]) and intrinsic (flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)) muscles at rest and during a submaximal handgrip strength task. Fourteen subjects (24.06 ± 2.28 years) without neurological or motor disorders were included. We assessed how the wrist posture (neutral: 0°; flexed: +45°; extended: −45°) affects maximal handgrip strength (HGSmax) and the motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes during rest and active muscle contractions. HGSmax was higher at 0° (133%) than at −45° (93.6%; p < 0.001) and +45° (73.9%; p < 0.001). MEP amplitudes were higher for the FCR at +45° (83.6%) than at −45° (45.2%; p = 0.019) and at +45° (156%; p < 0.001) and 0° (146%; p = 0.014) than at −45° (106%) at rest and active condition, respectively. Regarding the ECR, the MEP amplitudes were higher at −45° (113%) than at +45° (60.8%; p < 0.001) and 0° (72.6%; p = 0.008), and at −45° (138%) than +45° (96.7%; p = 0.007) also at rest and active conditions, respectively. In contrast, the FPB did not reveal any difference among wrist postures and conditions. Although extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles exhibit overlapping cortical representations and partially share the same innervation, they can be modulated differently depending on the biomechanical constraints.
Diamond controls epithelial polarity through the dynactin‐dynein complex
Authors: Zhao Hang , Shi Lin , Li Zhengran , Kong Ruiyan , Jia Lemei , Lu Shan , Wang Jian‐Hua , Dong Meng‐qiu , Guo Xuan , Li Zhouhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEpithelial polarity is critical for proper functions of epithelial tissues, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein Crumbs (Crb) is a key regulator of epithelial polarity. Both Crb protein and its transcripts are apically localized in epithelial cells. However, it remains not fully understood how they are targeted to the apical domain. Here, using Drosophila ovarian follicular epithelia as a model, we show that epithelial polarity is lost and Crb protein is absent in the apical domain in follicular cells (FCs) in the absence of Diamond (Dind). Interestingly, Dind is found to associate with different components of the dynactin‐dynein complex through co‐IP‐MS analysis. Dind stabilizes dynactin and depletion of dynactin results in almost identical defects as those observed in dind‐defective FCs. Finally, both Dind and dynactin are also required for the apical localization of crb transcripts in FCs. Thus our data illustrate that Dind functions through dynactin/dynein‐mediated transport of both Crb protein and its transcripts to the apical domain to control epithelial apico‐basal (A/B) polarity.
Exploring usability characteristics in computer-based digital health technologies for family caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Fakolade Afolasade , Cardwell Katherine L. , Ross-White Amanda , Broitman Emily , Chow Emma , Hume Taylor A. , Keeling Mariah , Ludgate Julia , Pilutti Lara A. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on how usability is considered during the design and/or evaluation of computer-based digital health technologies for family caregivers of persons with chronic progressive conditions.

Introduction:
Computer-based digital health technologies offer convenient alternatives for delivering interventions to caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions. Usability is a critical component of good practice in developing and implementing health and social care technologies; however, we need to determine whether usability is incorporated in the design and/or evaluation of computer-based digital health technologies for caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions. Within this context, a broad overview of the existing literature on usability in computer-based digital health technologies is needed.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include studies published from 2012 to the present that describe usability characteristics of computer-based digital health technologies targeting adult (≥18 years old) family caregivers of people with chronic progressive conditions, regardless of study design or setting.

Methods:
We will use the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will conduct searches of MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science Core Collection to capture eligible studies. After the results are deduplicated, 2 independent reviewers will assess each study for eligibility and extract data from the included studies. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Data analysis will use a textual narrative synthesis approach.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework osf.io/w4vk5
Unravelling vagal hypersensitivity in chronic cough: A distinct disease
Authors: Zhang Mengru , Morice Alyn H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChronic cough (CC) is a common but poorly understood disease that has a negative impact on quality of life. For years, clinicians have been trying to find the underlying diagnosis and using existing disease models to describe the patients’ illness. This presents a confusing picture of CC. Most patients with CC present with hypersensitivity of the cough reflex, which is characterised by laryngeal paraesthesia and an increased response to the tussive stimuli or an innocuous stimulus that would not trigger coughing in healthy people. Recently, it has been proposed that CC is a unique disease characterised by vagal hypersensitivity that projects to the central nervous system altering responsiveness. The evidence supports the hypothesis that CC is primarily a neurological disorder, consisting of different phenotypes.
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Assessing the Use of Heart-Rate Monitoring for Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Sixsmith Hugh , Crowcroft Stephen , Slattery Katie 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Quantifying training intensity provides a comprehensive understanding of the training stimulus. Recent technological advances may have improved the feasibility of using heart-rate (HR) monitoring in swimming. However, the implementation of HR monitoring is yet to be assessed longitudinally in the daily training environment of swimmers. This study aimed to assess the implementation of HR by comparing the training-intensity distribution from an external measure, planned volume at set intensities (PVSI), with the internal training-intensity distribution measured using time in HR zones. Methods: Using a longitudinal observational design, 10 competitive swimmers (8 male and 2 female, age: 22.0 [2.3] y, Fédération Internationale de Natation point score: 842.9 [58.5], mean [SD]) were monitored daily for 6 months. Each session, HR data, and coached-planned and athlete-reported session rating of perceived exertion (Modified Category Ratio 10 scale) were recorded. Based on previously determined training zones from an incremental step test, PVSI was calculated using the planned distance and planned intensity of each swim bout. Training-intensity distributions were analyzed using a linear mixed model (lme4). Results: The model revealed a small to moderate relationship between PVSI and time in HR zone, based on the Nakagawa R-squared value (range .14–.42). Conclusions: Training-intensity distribution differed between the internal measure (ie, HR) and the external measure of intensity (ie, PVSI). This demonstrates that internal and planned external measures of intensity cannot be used interchangeably to monitor training. Further research should explore how to best integrate these measures to better understand training in swimming.
Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Swimming: A Comparison Between Highly Trained, Elite, and World-Class Swimmers
Authors: Mujika Iñigo , Millet Grégoire P. , Zelenkova Irina , Bourdillon Nicolas 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and blood volume (BV) are important determinants of maximal oxygen uptake and endurance capacity. Higher-caliber endurance athletes usually possess higher tHbmass and BV values. This study aimed to compare tHbmass and BV among swimmers of diverse competitive calibers and distances. Methods: Thirty swimmers (16 female and 14 male) participated in the study: 3 were tier 5, world class (869 [59] FINA points); 15 were tier 4, elite/international (853 [38] points); and 12 were tier 3, highly trained/national (808 [35] points). They specialized in competition distances ranging from 200 m to open-water 10 km. Between February 2019 and February 2020, all swimmers had their tHbmass and BV measured by carbon monoxide rebreathing 1 to 6 times and participated in multiple competitions and race events. Results: Relative tHbmass and BV were not different (P > .05) between tiers among women or among men (pooled tHbmass values 14.5 [0.5], 12.5 [1.5], 12.6 [2.3] g/kg for tier 5, tier 4, and tier 3, respectively). No differences were observed in relative tHbmass (P = .215) and BV (P = .458) between pool and open-water swimmers or between 200-, 400-, and 1500-m specialists (P > .05). No significant correlations were found between the highest measured absolute or relative tHbmass and BV and the highest FINA points scored over the follow-up period (R = −.42–.17, P = .256–.833), irrespective of competition distance. Conclusion: tHbmass and BV values did not differ between swimmers of different calibers or among competition distances. Furthermore, these values did not correlate with FINA points, either in males or in females. The present results indicate that hematological characteristics may have a lesser impact on swimming performance than on land-based endurance sports.