bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chandra Source Catalog Normal Galaxy Sample
Authors: Kim Dong-Woo , Cassity Alyssa , Bhatt Binod , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Martinez Galarza Juan Rafael , O’Sullivan Ewan , Rots Arnold 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the extensive and well-characterized Chandra X-ray Galaxy Catalog (CGC) of 8547 galaxy candidates in the redshift range z ∼ 0.04–0.7, optical luminosity 1010–1011
Lr

⊙, and X-ray luminosity (0.5–7 keV) L
X = 2 × 1040–2 × 1043 erg s−1. We estimate a ∼5% false-match fraction and contamination by quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). The CGC was extracted from the Chandra Source Catalog version 2 (CSC2) by cross-correlating with optical and IR all-sky survey data, including the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Pan-STARRS, DESI Legacy, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Our selection makes use of two main criteria that we have tested on the subsample with optical spectroscopical identification. (1) A joint selection based on X-ray luminosity (L
X) and X-ray-to-optical flux ratio (F
XO), which recovers 63% of the spectroscopically classified galaxies with a small contamination fraction (7%), which is a significant improvement over methods using L
X or F
XO alone (<50% recovery). (2) A joint W1–W2 (W12) WISE color and L
X selection that proves effective in excluding QSOs and improves our selection by recovering 72% of the spectroscopically classified galaxies and reducing the contamination fraction (4%). Of the CGC, 24% was selected by means of optical spectroscopy; 30% on the basis of L
X, F
XO, and W12; and 46% by using either the L
X–F
XO or the L
X–W12 selection criteria. We have individually examined the data for galaxies with z < 0.1, which may include more than one CSC2 X-ray source, leading to the exclusion of 110 local galaxies. Our catalog also includes near-IR and UV data and galaxy morphological types.
In vitro comparative effects of laser photodynamic therapy with methylene blue or aminolevulinic acid on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
Authors: Khosravi Maryam , Shirani Amir Mansour , Ostadsharif Maryam , Saravani Ramin 
Published: August 2023

Background:
This study aimed to compare the effects of laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) or aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro experimental study, the C152 (KB) OSCC cell line was cultured in a culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM concentrations of MB and ALA alone and combined with diode laser irradiation with 660 nm wavelength, 40 mW power, and 10 J/cm2 energy density in continuous-wave mode perpendicular to the surface. Cell viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and compared among the groups by the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
The results showed that the reduction in cell viability in the MB + laser and ALA + laser groups was greater than that in the MB and ALA groups without laser (P < 0.001). Significant differences were noted in cell viability in the presence of some different concentrations of MB and ALA (P < 0.05), such that by an increase in their concentration, cell viability decreased. Cell viability in the MB + laser group was significantly lower than that in the ALA + laser group in some photosensitizer concentrations (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results showed that laser PDT with MB (high concentrations) was more effective than laser PDT with ALA against the OSCC cell line.
Evaluation of the effect of amalgam fillings on the diagnosis of proximal caries using cone-beam computed tomography technique
Authors: Abdinian Mehrdad , Sharifi Mohadeseh , Tafti Kioumars Tavakoli 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Diagnosis of dental caries using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be hindered due to several introduced and inherent artifacts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of amalgam fillings on the accuracy of diagnosis of proximal caries in CBCT.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, 102 extracted human teeth (mandibular and maxillary molars and premolars) were used. Six molars were chosen for mesio-occluso-distal amalgam restorations. Before obtaining the CBCT images, the 96 remaining teeth were stabilized in dental sockets of six dry human skulls in a way that the proximal contacts re-established. Thereafter, six of the molar teeth were replaced by the amalgam-restored teeth and the second group of images was then obtained. All images were evaluated by two independent observers in the panorama view and the presence or absence of caries was recorded. For histopathologic investigations, the teeth were cut and assessed by an oral pathologist using a stereomicroscope. The McNemar test was used for comparison between CBCT assessments and histopathologic evaluations (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). In addition, the receiver operating characteristics curve was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in different sections of imaging.

Results:
The result sensitivity and specificity of CBCT imaging in the first group of images before placement of the restored teeth were 0.96 and 0.36, respectively. In the second group of images after placement of the restored teeth, these values were 0.78 and 0.18, respectively. Moreover, statistical analysis showed that there is a good agreement in interproximal caries diagnosis between histopathologic and CBCT imaging findings without placement of amalgam restorations (P < 0.001). However, this agreement does not exist after amalgam restorations (P = 0.84).

Conclusion:
Diagnosis of proximal caries using CBCT is not an efficient method where there are amalgam restorations adjacent to the suspected teeth.
Estimation of L-carnitine levels in diabetic completely edentulous patients for implant diagnosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: George Rinki , Maiti Subhabrata , Ganapathy Dhanraj M. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Carnitine is effective in preventing the accumulation of end products related to lipid peroxidation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Carnitine also exerts a significant anti-inflammatory role through the downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa beta pathway, which leads to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of the study was to estimate the L-carnitine (L-C) levels in diabetic completely edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted after the selection of 60 samples based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected saliva samples were utilized to measure the levels of L-C using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. One hundred microliters of sample was applied to a particular row of wells and incubated for an hour as part of the sandwich ELISA procedure. After the wells had been cleaned, a second batch of monoclonal L-C was added, and they were once more incubated for an hour. The horseradish peroxidase substrate was then applied after washing the second batch as well. To allow the blue-to-yellow color transition, the wells were kept steady. Following the observation of the color shift, the OD was measured, and the concentration was determined using the sandwich ELISA kit's standard curve as an intercept. The data were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test (significant level P < 0.05) and were tabulated.

Results:
The L-C levels have higher levels in nondiabetic patients than in diabetic patients. The difference in the baseline mean value between the groups was statistically significant (P = 0.00). Although it is statistically significant (P = 0.00), the mean value for diabetic individuals is 0.19 as opposed to 0.29 for nondiabetic patients.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that L-C improves insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal in diabetic completely edentulous patients.
Association of TCF7L2 Variants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertriglyceridemia – A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gunavathy Nagarajan , Balaji Ramanathan , Kumaravel Velayutham 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition involving various genetic and environmental factors leading to impaired insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycemia. The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is an element of the Wnt signaling pathway that plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs12255372 polymorphisms in T2DM with hypertriglyceridemia.

Methods:
We investigated the effect of rs7903146 and rs12255372 on T2DM with high triglyceride (TG) levels in 60 patients and 20 controls. The anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were assessed. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The genotyping of TCF7L2 polymorphisms was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based direct sequencing and allele-specific PCR methods. The T2DM patients and controls were compared by means of the t-test, Chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) using Epi Info v7.

Results:
The HbA1c was found to be 9.7 ± 2.1 and 5.4 ± 0.5% in patients and controls, respectively. The average TG levels (P < 0.005) in patients were 205.2 ± 145.7 and 106.4 ± 27.4mg/dl in controls. Significant evidence of association was found in T2DM patients having high TG levels with rs7903146 CT/TT (OR: 4.89; P = 0.0105) and rs12255372 GT/TT (OR: 5.23; P = 0.0101) genotypes when compared to controls.

Conclusion:
The results of this study show that TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT/TT and rs12255372 GT/TT genotypes are significantly associated with the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in individuals with T2DM among the studied population.
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gujjar Pavan , Ravikumar Y. S. , Nagendra Lakshmi , Boro Hiya , Bhattacharya Saptarshi 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Early detection and diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, especially cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), have gained attention recently because of their elevated cardiovascular mortality risk. Although the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy is well established, evidence is emerging that the association might predate the stage of prediabetes.

Objective:
The present study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of CAN in prediabetes versus that in normoglycemic controls.

Materials and Methods:
The study population was selected by purposive sampling from individuals attending a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to June 2019. Fifty individuals with prediabetes diagnosed by the American Diabetes Association’s glycated haemoglobin criteria and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. CAN was assessed by standard cardiovascular reflex tests, as described by Ewing and Clarke. Changes in R-R with deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuver, and changes in blood pressure (BP) in response to standing and sustained handgrip were evaluated. Three-time domains [standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive RR intervals (rMSSD) and percentage of successive normal to normal R-R (NN) intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50)] and four frequency domain indices [very low-frequency band (VLF), low-frequency band (LF), high-frequency band (HF), LF/HF ratio) of heart rate variability (HRV)] were examined.

Results:
The mean heart rate was 71.37 ± 7.94 and 65.59 ± 8.73 beats/min in patients with prediabetes and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). All three-time-domain indices of HRV were significantly lower in persons with prediabetes compared to controls. The peak frequency of LF, peak power of LF, normalised unit of LF, and LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in subjects with prediabetes than in controls. There was no difference in the traditional cardiovascular autonomic reflex testing.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates the presence of subclinical autonomic dysfunction in persons with prediabetes. Early detection of CAN in prediabetes can have future implications for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Determinants of post discharge mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Talukdar Arunansu , Turuk Alka , Bhalla Ashish , Mukherjee Subhasis , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Bhatnagar Tarun , Mukherjee Aparna ,   The NCRC Study Team
Published: August 2023

Background & objectives:
The post-acute effects of COVID-19 are continually being updated. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the determinants of post discharge mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially 18-45 yr of age.

Methods:
A series of three nested case-control analyses was conducted on follow up data collected in the National Clinical Registry for COVID-19 between September 2020 and February 2023 from 31 hospitals. Matching (1:4) was done by the date of hospital admission ±14 days for the following comparisons: (i) case-patients reported as dead vs. controls alive at any contact within one year follow up; (ii) the same in the 18-45 yr age group and (iii) case-patients reported as dead between the first and one year of follow up vs. controls alive at one year post discharge.

Results:
The one year post discharge mortality was 6.5 per cent (n=942). Age [≤18 yr: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.7 (1.04, 2.9); 40-59 yr: aOR (95% CI): 2.6 (1.9, 3.6); ≥60 yr: aOR (95% CI): 4.2 (3.1, 5.7)], male gender [aOR (95% CI): 1.3 (1.1, 1.5)], moderate-to-severe COVID-19 [aOR (95% CI): 1.4 (1.2, 1.8)] and comorbidities [aOR (95%CI): 1.8 (1.4, 2.2)] were associated with higher odds of post-discharge one-year mortality, whereas 60 per cent protection was conferred by vaccination before the COVID-19 infection. The history of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease [aOR (95% CI): 2.3 (1.4, 3.8)] and any comorbidities [aOR (95% CI): 3 (1.9, 4.8)] were associated with post-discharge mortality in the 18-45-yr age bracket as well. Post COVID condition (PCC) was reported in 17.1 per cent of the participants. Death beyond the first follow up was associated with comorbidities [aOR (95%CI): 9.4 (3.4, 26.1)] and reported PCC [aOR (95% CI): 2.7 (1.2, 6)].

Interpretation & conclusions:
Prior vaccination protects against post discharge mortality till one year in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. PCC may have long term deleterious effects, including mortality, for which further research is warranted.
Effectiveness of Self-reflection Enhancement Strategy on Self-concept and Skill of Coping with Stress among Upper Primary School Students
Authors: Alias Musthafa M. N. Mohamedunni , Dewtwal Manoj Kumar , Stephen Rini E. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Swami Vivekananda is the symbol of the self-concept who has propagated the Indian Knowledge System in western countries. His life philosophy become more relevant during the pandemic period when people are distressed due to various adversities. In the present study, a strategy was developed based on the philosophy and methodology of Swami Vivekananda to improve the self-concept and skill of coping with stress among upper primary school students. Materials and Methods: 240 sixth-standard students were selected as the sample. Students were allotted four classes and two classes were randomly assigned as the experimental group and two as the control group. Assessments were done using the Self-Concept Rating Scale (SCRS) and The Pandemic Stress Coping Scale (PSCS). The experiment group was treated with the Self-Reflection Enhancement Strategy (SRES) for one month.

Discussion:
The experimental groups have improved their self-concept P =0.05) and stress coping skills (P =0.05) compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
The Self-Reflection Enhancement Strategy is found to be very much effective in enhancing the self-concept and coping skills among students.
Effect of Mindfulness-based Interventions on Mental Health of Women with Infertility
Authors: Dalal Smarika 
Published: August 2023

Background:
By instinct, human beings have desire to propagate their genes. Infertility can be very painful for the individuals. The men and women with this medical condition are not just battling physiological problems but also dealing with psychological, emotional, and social battles, including low self-esteem, stress, depression, frustration, hopelessness, anxiety, feeling of guilt and worthlessness, insecurity in marital relationship, marital discords and lesser marital satisfaction. Women population is more vulnerable to the psycho-social consequences of infertility. Though many research studies have been conducted to investigate the psycho-social impact of infertility on women, the research literature on the combative role of mindfulness-based interventions on mental health of women have been limited. Mindfulness as a psycho-therapeutic intervention has been shown to be effective in chronic conditions like cancer, diabetes, anxiety, depression and pain. The mindfulness-based interventions in individuals with chronic conditions can assist them to accept the condition and overcome the psychological issues that arise due to the physical health conditions. Infertility is a physical health condition that has strong psychological consequences. Thus, there is a need to study the impact of these interventions on women population suffering from infertility. The purpose of the present study is to explore the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on the mental health of the women with infertility.

Objective:
In light of the foregoing history, the current review's research question is “Are mindfulness-based interventions effective in improving mental health of women with infertility?”

Methods:
This is a narrative review guided by systematic approach to searching. Prominent research databases were used to locate empirical articles reporting on the efficacy of mindfulness-based therapies on mental health of infertile women between 2000 and 2020. There were no restrictions on participant demographics including age, sex, geography, socioeconomic status, or year of publication. Only empirical studies which investigated mindfulness-based interventions on mental health (anxiety, stress, depression, quality of life and psychological well-being) of infertile women were included in the review.

Results:
Seventeen papers were considered in the review which involved 983 females. Depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life and psychological well-being were taken as measures of mental health of infertile women. The studies have confirmed that the mindfulness-based interventions are highly helpful for women with infertility. The interventions have successfully reduced stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms among the participants as well as enhanced their quality of life and psychological well-being.
A SEER data-based nomogram for the prognostic analysis of survival of patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma
Authors: Li Wanghai , Wang Ling , Zhang Yan , Liu Yulong , Lin Yinsheng , Li Chengzhi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study developed the first comprehensive nomogram for predicting the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS).

Methods:
Data on the demographic and clinical characteristics of 4143 patients with KS were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and used for the prognostic analysis. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: training cohort (n = 2900) and validation cohort (n = 1243). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the predictive variables for developing the first nomogram for the survival prediction of patients with KS. The new survival nomogram was further evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration plotting, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results:
A nomogram was developed for determining the 3-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year CSS probabilities for patients with KS. The nomogram showed that tumor stage had the greatest influence on the CSS of patients with KS, followed by demographic variables (race, marital status, and age at diagnosis) and other clinical characteristics (surgery status, chemotherapy status, tumor risk classification, and radiotherapy status). The nomogram exhibited excellent performance based on the values of the C-index, AUC, NRI, and IDI as well as calibration plots. DCA further confirmed that the nomogram had good net benefits for 3-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year survival analyses.

Conclusions:
In this study, by using data from the SEER database, we developed the first comprehensive nomogram for analyzing the survival of patients with KS. This nomogram could serve as a convenient and reliable tool for clinicians to predict CSS probabilities for individual patients with KS.
Comparison of first-line immunotherapy efficacy between advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma and pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: A propensity score matching multicenter study
Authors: Zhou YuBin , Huang Jian , Lan Jun , Hu Hao , Yuan Zihao , Dong Longyan , Deng Huiyin , Yue Li-ao , Xiao Yi , Yang Xiongwen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Compared with other lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC), pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (pLELC) is closely associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections with a unique molecular profile and immune microenvironment. This study was thus established to compare the treatment response and effectiveness of immunotherapy between pLELC and LUSC.

Material and Methods:
We enrolled 31 patients with pLELC and 116 with LUSC receiving first-line immunotherapy at three centers in China and compared the treatment response and effectiveness of immunotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the differences in baseline data between the two groups.

Results:
Before PSM, progression-free survival and overall survival were longer in the pLELC group than in the LUSC group (progression-free survival: hazard ratio (HR), 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05–2.63, P = 0.028; overall survival: HR, 1.90, 95% CI: 1.06–3.40, P = 0.028). This remained unchanged after PSM (progression-free survival: HR, 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02–3.15, P = 0.044; overall survival: HR, 2.20; 95% CI: 1.10–4.37, P = 0.022).

Conclusion:
pLELC showed a clinically meaningful survival benefit compared with traditional LUSC following immunotherapy. Subsequent studies should consider the role of the EBV in the tumor immune microenvironment of pLELC.