bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Investigation of Superficial Fascia Relationships With the Skin and Underlying Tissues in the Canine Hindlimb
Authors: Al‐Juhaishi Oday A. , Akbar Zeeshan , Ismail Saad M. Y. , Georgy Smitha Rose , Murray Christina M. , Davies Helen M. S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe morphology of the superficial fascia in the canine hindlimb is still poorly understood and incompletely described. The present study aimed to elucidate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the superficial fascia, thereby clarifying its functional role. Cadavers were investigated for anatomic description (N = 38), ultrasonic scanning (N = 2), and histological analyses (N = 10) of this tissue in the hindlimb. The superficial fascia was identified as a shiny, white fibroelastic layer that adhered to the skin through fibrous septa. It was organized into sublayers enveloping the cutaneous muscle and large blood vessels. In certain areas, superficial fascia fused with the deep fascia or skin, creating fascial bursae. These bursae included the ischiatic bursa, an iliac bursa, a prepatellar subfascial bursa, a prepatellar subcutaneous bursa, and the tarsal fascial bursa. Microscopically, the superficial fascia presented as a layer of dense connective tissue characterized by irregularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers. The superficial fascia was firmly attached to the skin and deep fascia by numerous fibrous tissue strands. Within both, the superficial fascia and fascial bursae, several mechanoreceptors and nerve endings were identified, including Ruffini's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and Golgi‐Mazzoni corpuscles. The organization of the superficial fascia and its attachments suggest a mechanical role in supporting structures and resisting loads during movement. The fibrous septa anchors fascia to the skin, providing stability and resistance against external forces, as well as protecting the nerves and blood vessels that pass towards the skin. Existing fascial bursae probably assist in decreasing pressure and facilitating freedom of movement adjacent to bony prominences. Elasticity and connectivity of the superficial fascia may explain the various responses to multidirectional loading. Furthermore, the presence of free nerve endings and mechanoreceptors within the fascia suggests that it may contribute to proprioception of the hindlimb, enhancing the awareness of body movement.
Effectiveness of Low‐Intensity Exercise in Mitigating Active Arthritis Exacerbation in a Mouse Rheumatoid‐Arthritis Model
Authors: Ozone Kaichi , Kumagai Tatsunori , Arakawa Kohei , Sugasawa Takehito , Gu Wenchao , Kawabata Sora , Shimada Naoki , Takahashi Haruna , Yoneno Moe , Minegishi Yuki , Takahata Kei , Sato Michiaki , Oka Yuichiro , Kanemura Naohiko 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis, reducing the quality of life of affected individuals through joint swelling and inflammation. Recently, the efficacy of exercise therapy has been proposed for rheumatoid arthritis, but its detailed mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we used a mouse model of human rheumatoid‐arthritis pathology to investigate the effects of low‐intensity exercise on active arthritis. Twenty‐four SKG mice were divided into three groups: “sedentary,” “AR” (induced arthritis), and “AREx” (induced arthritis plus low‐intensity exercise), with only the AREx group performing treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. During the rearing period, macroscopic arthritis scores were assessed weekly, and histological and bone morphometric analysis of the ankle joints was performed after all interventions. In addition, bulk mRNA sequencing was performed for the synovial‐fat pad complex. Consequently, the histological synovitis score showed no change; however, the arthritis score was significantly lower in the AREx group than in the AR group (p < 0.05). The calcaneal and talar bone volumes decreased in the AR group, whereas the AREx group showed no significant change. In the synovial‐fat pad complex tissue, the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines decreased in the AREx group compared with the AR group, particularly the suppression of IL6/Jak/Stat3. IHC analysis revealed significantly decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the synovium of the AREx group compared with the AR group (p < 0.05). In summary, low‐intensity exercise therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis was suggested to have anti‐inflammatory effects and to mitigate arthritis exacerbation.
Ecological responses of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot to Holocene climate change: Insights from the Lagoa Canto Grande pollen record, Espirito Santo, coastal Brazil
Authors: Buso Antonio Alvaro , Pessenda Luiz Carlos Ruiz , Mayle Francis Edward , Lorente Flávio Lima , de Oliveira Paulo Eduardo , Cohen Marcelo Cancela Lisboa , França Marlon Carlos , de Souza Magalhães Evandro Augusto , Bendassolli José Albertino , de Oliveira Fabiana Monteiro , Siqueira Geovane Souza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents the modern pollen signature and Holocene vegetation and climate history of the evergreen forest and associated ecosystems in the Bahia Coastal Forest ecoregion of Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Artificial pollen traps provided the modern pollen signature of the evergreen forest, which is marked by Urticaceae/Moraceae, Simarouba, Crepidospermum/Protium, Sloanea, Sapotaceae and Diploon, and presence of rare forest tree pollen types. The pollen signature of the wooded mussununga, an associated ecosystem, is characterized by Byrsonima, Doliocarpus, Lundia and Araliaceae. Fossil pollen from Lagoa Canto Grande shows that the early to middle Holocene (11 154–7731 cal a
bp) vegetation was characterized by regional dominance of semi‐deciduous forest, under a less humid and cooler climate than today, as well as coastal vegetation on sandy soils (restinga), mangrove and patches of alluvial forests. Relative sea‐level rise during the middle Holocene caused regional changes in the distribution of alluvial forests, restingas and mangroves. A change to warmer and more humid climatic conditions during the middle to late Holocene (7731–434 cal a
bp) led to forest community changes, with the establishment of the modern evergreen forest.
Evaluation of surface, foam, emulsion, and clouding properties of a family of nonionic surfactants from oleic acid derivatives
Authors: Ogunjobi Joseph K. , Omoruyi Osaretin E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the properties, namely: surface tension, foam, emulsion, and cloud point of a library of bio‐based surfactants (represented as CnEOm where C is hydrophobic carbon chain and EO is ethylene oxide). The surfactants were derived from ring‐opening alkyl oleate epoxides with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and monomethyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) of varying chain lengths. Surfactants demonstrated good surface properties having surface tension at critical micelle concentration (CMC) between 35 and 38 mN/m, and recorded CMC values far lower than what was reported for most commercial ethoxylated surfactants. Foamability increased with over 30% foam increase upon increasing agitation speed from 6000 to 11,000 rpm. Branching, hydrophobic carbon chain length, and PEG chain length were seen to impact foamability and foam stability. Foam properties exhibited by the surfactants were found to be superior to those demonstrated by some known commercial nonionic surfactants. Emulsions formed by the oleate ester surfactants were stable over several weeks after formation. Surfactants showed high cloud points, which increased with increasing number of ethylene oxide units. However, the addition of co‐solutes depressed the cloud point in the order Na2SO4 > NaCl > NaNO2.
Experimental research on depth perception of comfortable interactions in virtual reality
Authors: Guo Mei , Gao Haolin , Liu Yue , Song Weitao , Yang Songyue , Wang Yongtian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) displays aim to create highly immersive virtual environments based on the principle of binocular disparity, which reproduces spatial information of virtual scenes through the fusion processing of binocular disparity by the visual system. However, due to the differences between VR displays and real‐world scenes, the challenge of rendering in VR displays in a manner that aligns with users' natural depth perception principles has not been fully addressed. In this paper, the virtual image distances (VIDs) of RGB channels in head‐mounted display (HMD) were measured and a depth perception experiment based on random dot stereograms (RDS) according to the measured VID values was designed. The depth perception comfort fusion thresholds in VR systems were determined by psychophysical methods, and the results demonstrate that the comfort fusion threshold for uncrossed disparity is significantly lower than that for crossed disparity. Additionally, user interaction performance in the determined virtual depth scenarios showed a 12.94% reduction in reaction time and a 16.86% improvement in accuracy compared to other virtual depths. Our findings provide further understanding of comfortable depth visual presentation in VR displays, which is crucial for enhancing user experience and promoting the widespread adoption of VR technology across various applications.
Linking pathological narcissism to posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
Authors: Nenninger Sterling , Van Buren Brian R. , Greene Ashley L. , Meehan Kevin B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCombat deployments are stressful life events that confer risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Typically, PTSD is conceptualized as being caused by traumatic experiences, leading research to focus predominantly on events while excluding other contributors, such as personality features. Narcissism may contribute to the deleterious effects of trauma exposure because of vulnerabilities in the sense of self, as demonstrated in research on narcissism and the development and maintenance of PTSD in civilians. However, the strength of the association between pathological narcissism features and PTSD has yet to be examined in a veteran sample. The present study sought to address this gap by comparing how narcissism contributes to variance in PTSD symptoms relative to the contribution of combat experience. In a sample of veterans deployed in support of recent operations in Afghanistan and Iraq (N = 179), regression analysis showed that higher pathological narcissism features accounted for variance beyond combat experience alone in PTSD symptoms, ∆R2 = .13, p < .001. When dimensions of narcissism were examined as separate predictors of PTSD, vulnerable, β = .45, p < .001, but not grandiose, β = −.09, p = .293, features had a significant effect on PTSD. Our results align with recent work demonstrating that personality pathology is an important factor in the study of PTSD in veterans. Further research incorporating a larger variety of variables related to personality functioning, personality traits, and life events is needed to understand the role of pathological narcissism features in the development of PTSD.
Simultaneously Improving Soil AMF Community and Phosphorus Uptake by Cotton Plants by Continuous Straw Incorporation and Optimizing Phosphorus Management
Authors: Cao Nan , Zha Li , Li Qiang , Hu Wei , Pang Jiayin , Zhou Zhiguo , Zhao Wenqing , Meng Yali 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) fertilization and straw incorporation are essential agricultural practices, both of which have an influence on the abundance and diversity of the indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community. However, there are still research gaps on the interactive effects of P fertilizer application and straw incorporation on indigenous AMF in coastal saline–alkali land. Thus, this study aimed to assess several mycorrhizal features, the abundance, and the community composition of soil AMF in a field after a 4‐year barley–cotton rotation. We also explored the roles of AMF play in enhancing cotton P uptake. The field was treated with five triple superphosphate levels (0, 22, 44, 66, and 88 kg ha−1) and subjected to either straw incorporation or removal. The total P content of cotton increased with straw incorporation and increasing P application rates; however, the percentage of P partitioned to bolls, the boll capacity of the root system (BCR), and the boll loading of the root system (BLR) exhibited a trend of initially increasing followed by a decrease. The highest value was achieved when straw incorporation was combined with 44 kg P ha−1. Besides, the root colonization by AMF, soil AMF abundance, and spore density were highest at 22 kg P ha−1 without straw and 44 kg P ha−1 in the straw incorporation treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the observed community shift was primarily driven by the enhancement of rhizosphere soil pH and organic matter following straw incorporation. Overall, these findings showed that straw incorporation coupled with moderate P fertilizer created a favorable rhizosphere soil environment, which, in turn, enhanced rhizosphere soil AMF diversity and abundance, thereby improving cotton root production capacity and facilitating P distribution to reproductive organs. Our results suggested that the threshold of P fertilizer input can provide a basis for saving P fertilizer and effectively maintain agricultural ecosystems' AMF diversity and abundance in coastal saline–alkali land.
Resolving acoustic azimuth using an accelerometer‐based underwater acoustic vector sensor
Authors: Zhang Guosong , Dong Hefeng , Cresci Alessandro , Browman Howard I. , Pedersen Geir 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe performance of a single commercial accelerometer‐based underwater acoustic vector sensor (AVS) in resolving acoustic azimuth was evaluated. The method involves calculating the active intensity of an acoustic signal to determine the dominant directionality of an acoustic pressure field as a function of time and frequency. While this method efficiently displays azimuth bearings for specific frequencies, there are very few assessments of its performance in resolving all possible bearings using a single AVS. Field experiments were conducted with an AVS placed on the sea bottom and an active source suspended from a research vessel. A 600 Hz signal was transmitted from 16 positions covering a 360° azimuth to the AVS. During the transmissions, the vessel maintained its position and heading by using a dynamic positioning system. The acoustic azimuths were compared with the transmission bearings obtained via Global Positioning System. This study demonstrates that a commercial AVS system can effectively resolve acoustic bearings across a full 360° azimuth at high signal‐to‐noise ratios using the active intensity method. Our results support the use of AVS systems in research on sound directionality, including bioacoustics studies on how marine organisms respond to natural underwater sound and anthropogenic noise.
A Comprehensive Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Film Incorporated with Gallic Acid and Potassium Sorbate
Authors: Kumar P Ajay , V R Rahul , Manikandan Arul , Divakaran Nidhin , Kumar Manoj , Pugazhenthi G. , Pakshirajan Kannan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has gained attention as an excellent packaging material due to its high crystallinity, biodegradability, low interaction with food matrices, and favorable mechanical properties. This study explores the development of PHB films incorporated with potassium sorbate (KS) and gallic acid (GA) via solvent casting, followed by a 30‐day biodegradation test in soil. The films are analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties using X‐ray diffraction, tensile testing, and disk diffusion assays. The soil‐buried PHB films demonstrate accelerated biodegradation, likely driven by increased microbial and fungal activity, as well as moisture absorption. Incorporating KS and GA significantly enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of the films against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, with greater inhibition observed against S. aureus. This difference may stem from the additional lipopolysaccharide membrane in E. coli. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the films, both pre‐ and post‐biodegradation, provides further insights into their structural changes. These findings underscore the potential of PHB antimicrobial films in advancing sustainable food packaging applications.
Phenolic Resins with Semi‐Rigid Polymer Backbones Exhibiting LCST‐Type Phase Separations in the Mixtures of Alcohols and Non‐Polar Solvents
Authors: Inaba Natsuki , Takasu Koki , Matsuoka Keitaro , Sada Kazuki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch on lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type thermo‐responsive polymers has predominantly focused on those with flexible backbones, such as vinyl polymers, while rigid polymers have rarely been investigated due to their low solubility. Although some molecular designs for aqueous systems have been reported, molecular designs in organic media remain unclear due to the difficulty in achieving soluble states at low temperatures. The previous study demonstrates the molecular design for LCST‐type phase separation in organic media based on the control of the solvation through the construction/deconstruction of hydrogen bonds, but only flexible vinyl polymers such as poly(4‐hydroxystyrene) are investigated. In this study, it is aimed to extend the molecular design to rigid phenolic resins, TD‐2131 and KA‐1160, which contain phenolic groups in the main chain. TD‐2131 and KA‐1160 exhibited LCST‐type phase separation in the mixture of 1‐alcohol such as 1‐hexanol and 1‐octanol as hydrogen‐bonding solvents and toluene or cyclohexane as non‐polar solvents in appropriate mixing molar ratios. In mixtures of 1‐alcohols and non‐polar solvents, shorter‐chain 1‐alcohols necessitate higher molar ratios, while longer‐chain 1‐alcohols require lower ratios to induce LCST‐type phase separations. These solubility trends mirror that observed in poly(4‐hydroxystyrene), suggesting that the molecular design applies to both flexible and rigid polymer backbones.
A Systematic Review of Meta‐Analysis in Marketing Research: Theme Analyses, Variable Selections, and Future Directions
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Wumei , Wang Manxin , Wang Lu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough meta‐analytic papers have frequently appeared in the leading marketing journals in recent years, these papers focus on introducing the step‐by‐step guidelines of using the meta‐analysis method. To the best of our knowledge, no research systematically elaborates on how researchers select different types of variables in their conceptual framework. In addition, limited research analyzes which research themes are studied and deserve more attention. The lack of these analyses inhibits marketing scholars from conducting interesting and impactful meta‐analyses. Thus, this paper systematically reviews 180 meta‐analytic articles published in 36 leading marketing‐related journals (i.e., ranking ABS Grade 3 or above) between 2015 and 2024. Based on this review, this paper (1) elaborates on which themes and topics are suitable for meta‐analyses through analyzing the research themes and theme evolution trends of the existing meta‐analytic papers; (2) offers suggestions for study numbers and effect‐ size extraction of a meta‐analysis in marketing; (3) offers guidelines for variable selection; and (4) proposes future directions of meta‐analyses in marketing. This paper has the potential to stimulate more marketing researchers to conduct interesting and influential meta‐analyses.
Oxygen‐Tolerant ATRP Depolymerization Enabled by an External Radical Source
Authors: Mountaki Stella Afroditi , Whitfield Richard , Anastasaki Athina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough the chemical recycling of polymers synthesized by controlled radical polymerization enables the recovery of pristine monomer at low temperatures, it operates efficiently under strictly anaerobic conditions. Instead, oxygen‐tolerant depolymerizations are scarce, and are either restricted to the use of a boiling co‐solvent or are performed in closed vessels, often suffering from low conversions. Here, an open‐vessel, oxygen‐tolerant depolymerization of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)‐synthesized polymers is introduced, leading to high percentages of monomer regeneration (>90% depolymerization efficiency). Dissolved oxygen is eliminated by either utilizing high catalyst loadings, or lower catalyst loadings combined with a radical initiator. Notably, the methodology is compatible with various solvents (i.e., anisole, 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene (TCB), 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (DCB), etc.) and a range of commercially available ligands including tris 2‐(dimethylamino)ethylamine (Me6TREN) and tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA), as well as more inexpensive alternatives such as tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) and N,N,N‘,N‘‘,N‘‘‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA).
Polymeric Nanofibers via Green Electrospinning for Safe Food Engineering
Authors: Wang Weiqiang , Yang Xingjian , Yin Hongyi , Lu Yi , Dou Hailong , Liu Yanan , Yu Deng‐Guang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrospun functional nanofibers enable controlled release of the loaded active ingredient and an adjustable dissolution rate. However, the widespread use of toxic organic solvents in electrospinning poses risks to human health and the environment whereas increasing production costs and complexity. This article examines the application of eco‐friendly electrospinning technologies in food engineering, with a focus on water‐based and melt electrospinning methods. It provides a detailed analysis of water‐soluble biopolymers and synthetic polymers, highlighting their current applications and challenges in food engineering. Water‐based electrospinning is proposed as a sustainable alternative, offering scalability and reduced environmental impact. This transition is essential for advancing food engineering toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible practices.
Generalized Mixed Morrey Spaces
Authors: Yu Hongli , Sun Wenchang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we introduce the generalized mixed Morrey spaces. We show that a generalized mixed Morrey space is the dual of a generalized mixed Hardy space. For a large class of generalized fractional integral operators, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for such operators to be bounded from one generalized mixed Morrey space to another. Moreover, we also prove the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator and the generalized fractional maximal operator on such spaces.