bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Digital Transformation using a Sociotechnical System Approach
Authors: Cardoso Joana L F P , Rhodes Donna H , Rebentisch Eric 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital transformation is gaining increased attention due to its potential to change the way companies operate and unveil new business strategies. In consideration of the fact that digital transformations occur under specific sociotechnical environments and with particular intentions, success highly depends on the ability of companies to explicitly characterize their sociotechnical context and intended transformation. This paper sheds some light on how companies might approach digital transformation efforts through an enterprise‐level sociotechnical system approach that centers on digital twins and model‐based methods. Research findings and intervention strategies are derived from observations and interviews on ongoing projects, supplemented by findings from the literature. Core systems engineering analysis methods such as Concept of Operations analyses are part of such strategies given their potential to accelerate the sociotechnical system redesign cycle and generate actionable decisions toward digital transformation. A sociotechnical system analysis framework intended to guide organizations in developing their strategic approaches for adopting digital twins as transformation strategy is also shared. This framework and the entire paper assert the importance of taking a sociotechnical system perspective in defining, designing, and implementing a digital transformation.
Integration of Cameo Systems Modeler with Simulink for Co‐Orbital Engagement Mission Engineering
Authors: Rangel Diego , Pavalkis Saulius , Yakimenko Oleg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTesting the suitability of tactics for never‐used complex systems in a brand‐new warfare domain and forecasting the impact of these new tactics on system's requirements and design is challenging. The Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach seems to be the key to dealing with such complexity. However, to be truly effective this approach requires integration of the descriptive and physics‐based models. This integration results in an executable MBSE model that enables realistic mission analysis of system architecture prior to physically prototyping it. An executable model should significantly improve and enhance the feasibility of analysis of any mission during the early design phases. This paper aims to enhance the fidelity of a system model developed in the Cameo Systems Modeler by integrating it with a high‐fidelity dynamic model developed in the MATLAB/Simulink development environment. Specifically, this paper deals with a two‐satellite co‐orbital engagement mission and walks through all steps of the integration process. The paper also provides an example of mission analysis and reshaping the design space based on the results produced by running the developed integrated executable model.
Think Like an Ecosystem: Transitioning Waste Streams to Value Streams
Authors: Lewark Rae , Lyle Allison , Carroll Kristina , Medina Casey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo meet the material demands of the future, transitioning waste streams to value streams is a vital step in ecological and economic sustainability. Linear production design disposes of resources before their optimal value have been realized and loses recyclable resources to waste streams. The economic infrastructure of the planet needs to be reimagined to meet human and ecological needs. The development and implementation of circular systems is key to the creation of sustainable global production. Through the analysis of the copper used in medical devices, we illustrate considerations systems engineers can take to close the waste‐resource gap. Developing wasteless design mimics the resiliency seen in ecosystems and accelerates the evolution of the global economy to meet the needs of companies, the environment, and humankind.
An Evaluation of the Boeing Diamond Process Model's Effectiveness for T‐7A Red Hawk Development
Authors: Wilson Grace , Newcamp Jeffrey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Boeing‐Saab built T‐7A Red Hawk advanced trainer aircraft being built for the United States Air Force represents a systems engineering breakthrough because it was developed through a digital effort. This aircraft will replace the aging T‐38 Talon fleet, providing increased capability and safety for future pilot trainees. Its creation was indubitably the result of persistent systems engineering efforts and a dedication to digital development. This study analyzed how Boeing engineers created their own version of the systems engineering vee process model to advance the design process of the T‐7A physically and digitally. Their “Boeing Diamond” process methodology of top‐down system design utilized a digital engineering process and modern computer techniques. They emphasized the importance of maintainability to expand lifecycle utilization and lower system costs. Based on a literature review of the T‐7A Red Hawk and other aircraft, a comparison was drawn between the Boeing Diamond systems engineering design processes and the vee model to determine which could provide greater benefits. Through analysis, this study demonstrated that the T‐7A processes used encouraged engineers to adapt to the digital world. The study results indicated that the Boeing Diamond process for modeling and digital design supported an efficient approach to the development of the T‐7A Red Hawk and is applicable to other major weapon systems or capital equipment. This research recommends further study of the Boeing Diamond model and incorporation of its elements into traditional systems engineering models and other organizations.
The MBSE competence at the German Aerospace Center
Authors: Boggero Luca , Chojnacki Adrian , Bussemaker Jasper , Bartels Julian , Quantius Dominik , Nagel Björn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModel Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is gaining more and more popularity among different practitioners in academia, research centers and industries, due to all its claimed advantages, e.g. in terms of improved collaboration and communication between system developer teams, increased traceability, and possibility of reusing models. Different MBSE approaches and tools are in use since several years also at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), where research is addressed in multiple domains: aeronautics, space, energy, transport, security and digitalization. However, all the current MBSE initiatives at the DLR are focused within single domains, while an increased interoperability of MBSE approaches and tools across the different DLR domains would greatly improve engineering processes and knowledge of the whole DLR. The research described in this paper therefore addresses the recent activities performed to identity which MSBE approaches and tools are currently in use in the different research domains of the DLR. In this context, a great part of the MBSE competence spread among the entire organization is collected and assessed, showing that DLR is very active in MBSE‐related research performed in different domains.
LEAPing Ahead – The Space Development Agency's Method for Planning for the Future
Authors: Kleinwaks Howard , Butterfield Michael C. , Rich Matthew , Turner J. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Space Development Agency (SDA) is a constructive disruptor within the Department of Defense, tasked with rapidly acquiring and delivering space‐based capabilities. SDA delivers dozens of satellites on two‐year cycles and this pace requires defined processes to ensure that the technology exists to support the required capabilities. SDA has developed a process called List, Evaluate, Achieve, Procure (LEAP) which is used to identify technologies that require additional development resources to meet both current Warfighter needs and those that will occur in the future. This paper provides an illustrative example of SDA applying the LEAP process to the development of SDA's optical communications terminals, demonstrating how it is used to identify critical technologies to be supported through investment opportunities that augment the system acquisitions.
Children's after school club on Systems Thinking and Sustainability
Authors: D'Souza Adriana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSystems thinking is deemed to be a key competence to systems engineering professionals and other professionals. Systems thinking is for all ages and can help solve world problems. This author believes and has demonstrated in this paper that you can start as early as primary school with children aged 7‐8 years old. The paper provides the details of a club run in the summer term (last term of the year) of a year 2 of primary school in the UK in a way that it can be re‐used widely. There were 8 sessions held focused on Sustainability around the school with the use of the systems thinking habits. The sessions were well attended and enjoyed by the students. These sessions can be extended further if needed or make it more concise as per the curriculum in the school implementing the club.
Verification and Validation Test Framework Using a Model‐Based Systems Engineering Approach
Authors: Ramirez Clara , Thompson Amy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a test framework for verification and validation (V&V) planning and execution using a model‐based system engineering (MBSE) approach that is suitable for large‐scale cyber‐physical systems. The test framework (TF) is defined using the systems modeling language (SysML) and an MBSE tool and describes and links to external test plans, test procedures, and other relevant test documents. This test framework approach includes the following considerations: level of abstraction of systems for testing, multiple types of testing across the development lifecycle, design vs. system V&V approaches, verification vs. validation, and the use of test patterns, instances, inheritance, and libraries. The libraries contain distinct types of tests to maximize model element reuse. An example is provided that illustrates the application of this V&V Test Framework (V&VTF) to a lubrication system. This method demonstrates that the proposed V&VTF is desirable as part of Systems Engineering metamorphosis to support an organization's digital transformation.
A CASE STUDY ON MIGRATING TOWARDS FUNCTIONALLY SAFE ZONAL ARCHITECTURE USING MBSE
Authors: Surjekar Neha Nikesh , Patwardhan Yutika , Konduju Vinaykumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing market demands in recent times are driving complexity in machines and their control architectures. To satisfy these demands, their architecture needs frequent updates and upgrades which in turn require significant efforts from architects. This paper presents a case study on architecture migration in automotive industry using Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) which will lend a helping hand in successfully rearchitecting any complex system.The Automotive industry is currently undergoing a massive transformation towards software defined vehicles driven by Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electrification (C.A.S.E). This is possible only with the support of a robust and flexible vehicle Electrical and Electronics (EE) architecture. Taking the C.A.S.E driven transformation into consideration, the present domain control architecture is migrating towards zonal architecture. This paper presents RAZA (Rearchitecting Approach for Zonal Architecture) which is based on the INCOSE defined technical process and ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes.
Systems Engineering Isn't Scary for Agile Practitioners
Authors: Wozniak Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTraditional Systems Engineering artifacts and terminology have a negative connotation in some companies and industries that use Agile development. This paper aims to show that the terms and concepts typically associated with traditional systems engineering are not scary for Agile software development. They can, and should, be tailored and utilized during the Agile development process. Many times, terminology and lack of understanding lead to Agile practitioners shying away from what are considered traditional Systems Engineering artifacts such as requirements, architectures designs, documented interfaces, verification, gate reviews, etc. Agile actually already employs many of these artifacts and concepts but simply uses a different terminology when referring to them.This paper helps advance the mindset that traditional Systems Engineering terms, concepts, and artifacts are not something to avoid in Agile by providing alternative ways to describe and think about them in an Agile setting.
Prediction of tsunami of resistance to some antibiotics is not far‐fetched which used during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hosseini Mandana , Ahmed Hamad Mohammed , Mohseni Golazin , Salamy Shakiba , Dehghan Tarzjani Shabnam , Taati Moghadam Majid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the most tragic events in recent history was the COVID‐19 outbreak, which has caused thousands of deaths. A variety of drugs were prescribed to improve the condition of patients, including antiparasitic, antiviral, antibiotics, and anti‐inflammatory medicines. It must be understood, however, that COVID‐19 is like a tip of an iceberg on the ocean, and the consequences of overuse of antibiotics are like the body of a mountain under water whose greatness has not yet been determined for humanity, and additional study is needed to understand them. History of the war between microbes and antimicrobial agents has shown that microbes are intelligent organisms that win over antimicrobial agents over time through many acquired or inherent mechanisms. The key terms containing “COVID‐19,” “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2,” “SARS‐CoV2,” “Antibiotic Resistance,” “Coronavirus,” “Pandemic,” “Antibiotics,” and “Antimicrobial Resistance” were used for searching in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in an increased prescription of antibiotics. Infections caused by secondary or co‐bacterial infections or beneficial bacteria in the body can be increased as a result of this amount of antibiotic prescription and exposure to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance will likely pose a major problem in the future, especially for last resort antibiotics. In order to address the antibiotic resistance crisis, it is imperative that researchers, farmers, veterinarians, physicians, public and policymakers, pharmacists, other health and environmental professionals, and others collaborate during and beyond this pandemic.
Reversing the denomination effect in tipping contexts
Authors: Zenkić Jay , Lei Jing , Millet Kobe , Rotman Jeff D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmerican consumers tip $36bn annually, predominantly using small sums of cash. Yet, little is known about how the denominations of cash affect tipping behavior. In contrast to existing findings on the spending of different denominations (i.e., the denomination effect), we posit that consumers are less likely to tip smaller (vs. larger) denominations (e.g., $1 in 4 × 25¢ coins vs. a $1 banknote) to the same total value. We term this the “denomination‐tipping” effect and predict that it occurs because it is more embarrassing to tip with smaller denominations than larger denominations. Consistent with this prediction, we find across one field study and four online studies (N = 1402) that consumers are less likely to tip smaller (vs. larger) denominations, and that this “denomination‐tipping” effect is mediated by feelings of embarrassment regarding tipping smaller denominations. Our findings add to the literature on how cash denomination affects consumers' usage of money in the context of tipping, and we provide practical guidance on how service providers can minimize the adverse impact of smaller denominations on tips to their service staff.
Histological characterization of the human masticatory oral mucosa. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ibáñez‐Cortés Miguel , Martín‐Piedra Miguel Ángel , Blanco‐Elices Cristina , García‐García Óscar Darío , España‐López Antonio , Fernández‐Valadés Ricardo , Sánchez‐Quevedo María del Carmen , Alaminos Miguel , Chato‐Astrain Jesús , Garzón Ingrid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHistology of human oral mucosa is closely related with its function and anatomical location, and a proper characterization of the human masticatory oral mucosa could be very useful in periodontal pathology.ObjectiveIn the present work, we have carried out a comprehensive study in order to determine the main histological features of parakeratinized (POM) and orthokeratinized (OOM) masticatory human oral mucosa using light and electron microscopy.MethodsTo perform this, we have used several histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to detect key markets at the epithelial, basement membrane and connective tissue levels.ResultsOur results demonstrated that POM and OOM share many histological similarities, as expected. However, important differences were observed at the epithelial layer of POM, that was significantly thicker than the epithelial layer found in OOM, especially due to a higher number of cells at the stratum spinosum. The expression pattern of CK10 and filaggrin revealed intense signal expression in OOM as compared to POM. Collagen and proteoglycans were more abundant in OOM stroma than in POM. No differences were found for blood vessels and basement membrane.ConclusionThese results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathological conditions affecting the human masticatory oral mucosa. In addition, these findings could be useful for the generation of different types of oral mucosa by tissue engineering techniques.Research highlights
Microscopical features of parakeratinized and orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa showed important differences at both, epithelial and stromal levels.
Parakeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa exert thicker epithelial layer, especially, at the stratum spinosum in comparison to orthokeratinized human oral mucosa.
Cytokeratin 10 and filaggrin human epithelial markers were intensively expressed in orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa in comparison to parakeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa.
At the stromal level, orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa exhibit higher levels of collagen and proteoglycans than parakeratinized masticatory oral mucosa.
The deep knowledge of histological features of masticatory oral mucosa could lead to a better understanding of oral mucosa pathology and advanced treatments.
Bowel preparation efficacy and safety of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with linaclotide for colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jing , Wei Qian , Xiang Zhixiong , Wu Dangyan , Lin Zhuoying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAdequate bowel preparation is essential for colonoscopy, which is important for detecting colon polyps and preventing colorectal cancer. Linaclotide is approved for irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS‐C) symptoms. The main objective of this study was to explore the quality of bowel preparation by low‐volume compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with linaclotide.MethodsA total of 266 patients who underwent colonoscopy in Shangrao People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were randomized to 1 of 3 split PEG regimens: 4LPEG, 2LPEG, and 2LPEG + L (linaclotide). The primary end point was adequate bowel preparation (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale [BBPS] total score of ≥6, with each of three colonic segments subscores ≥2). Secondary outcomes were polyp detection rates and the incidence of adverse reactions.ResultsOver 12 months, 266 subjects were randomized into 2LPEG (n = 12), 4LPEG (n = 112), or 2LPEG + L (n = 142). There were no significant differences between the 4LPEG and 2LPEG + L groups in achieving adequate bowel preparation (P > 0.05). The mean BBPS score of the total colon, left hemi‐colon, right hemi‐colon, and transverse in the 2LPEG + L group was higher than that in the 2LPEG group (P < 0.001). Patient's sleeping quality and the incidence of adverse reactions of 2LPEG + L group were compatible with 2LPEG group, but it was significantly lower than that in 4LPEG group. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of colon polyps between each group.ConclusionThe quality of bowel preparation of the compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with linaclotide is approximately the same as that of 4LPEG, and it can reduce the adverse reactions in the process of bowel preparation, and its intestinal cleansing effect is also better than that of 2LPEG.
Identification of novel homozygous missense and deletion mutations manifesting oligospermia infertility in Kashmiri population
Authors: Aslam Sanwal , Zhang Zhen , Latif Zahid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman male infertility has a lot of known molecular components that have an accurate diagnosis, such as Y chromosome deletion and monogenic causes. Only 4% of all infertile males are diagnosed with genetic causes, while 60–70% of infertile men remain without an accurate diagnosis and are classified as unexplained. Oligospermia is a major cause of human male infertility. Its etiology and pathogenesis are linked to genetic abnormalities. The majority of genetic causes related to human male infertility remain unclear.ResultsGenerally, we found a significant association between the specific type of disease and gender (p = 0.003), and the regression value (R2) for this association was 0.75. Association of the type of disease with body mass index was not significant (p = 0.34). There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.40) among disease types with patients occupations. All explored mutations are listed for primary and secondary infertility in relation to the oligospermia condition. p.Arg286X is the outcome of a mismatch mutation in which the nucleotide change resulted in the substitution of Arg (arginine) amino acid with X (any amino acid) at position 286 in the Hyal3 gene of primary infertile patients having oligospermia. In primary infertile patients with the p.Arg286X mutation, a frameshift deletion mutation was also found just after the 25 nucleotide sequences of the Hyal3 genes of the second mutated exon. This deletion mutation was only detected in patients with primary infertility and was not found in people with secondary infertility or healthy controls. The other mutations in secondary infertile patients with oligospermia were: p.Lys168Ser, replacement of lysine (Lys) with serine (Ser) at position 168; p.Lys168The, replacement of lysine (Lys) with threonine (The) at position 168; p.His113X, substitution of histidine (His) with an unknown amino acid (X) at position 113; p.Pro162X, substitution of proline (Pro) with an unknown amino acid (X) at position 162; and p.Phe157X, phenylalanine (Phe) substitution with an unknown amino acid (X) at position 157.ConclusionThis study clarifies the site of novel mismatch and frameshift deletion mutations in the Hyal3 gene in primary infertile oligospermia patients.