bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets and the incident of hypertension over a median follow-up of 7.4 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Razmpoosh Elham , Moslehi Nazanin , Abdollahi Shima , Soltani Sepideh , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the favorable effects of well-known dietary patterns in the treatment of hypertension (HTN), such as the Mediterranean (MED) and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, it is uncertain if adherence to these diets can reduce the risk of HTN, especially in non-Mediterranean populations. Moreover, none of the previous studies evaluated the association between the MED-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet adherence and the incidence of HTN. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association of adherence to these diets with the development of HTN in adults.

Methods
This prospective study included 2706 adults free of HTN who were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The MED, DASH, and MIND diet scores were computed at baseline using dietary information collected with the food frequency questionnaire. Associations between the dietary indices and risk of HTN over a median follow-up of 7.4 years were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results
The baseline mean age of participants was 37.9 ± 12.5 years (age range: 20–79 years), and 52.4% were women. During the 18262 person-years follow-up, 599 incidents of HTN were identified. There was no significant relationship between the dietary scores and the risk of HTN, either as continuous or categorical variables, even after excluding individuals with early/late HTN diagnosis, prehypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease at baseline. A significant interaction was found between body mass index (BMI) and DASH (P-interaction < 0.001). Stratified analyses based on baseline BMI status revealed an inverse association between DASH and HTN risk in individuals with normal-weight (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71–0.98, P = 0.031), although this association did not reach statistical significance across the tertiles of DASH.

Conclusions
In this study, MED, DASH, and MIND showed no significant association with the occurrence of HTN in adults. Further prospective studies on diverse populations are required to assess whether adherence to the MED, DASH, and MIND diets is an effective strategy for reducing the occurrence HTN.
Dental caries at enamel and dentine level among European adolescents – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Skeie Marit S. , Sen Abhijit , Dahllöf Göran , Fagerhaug Tone Natland , Høvik Hedda , Klock Kristin S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn contrast with the last century, caries epidemiology has begun integrating enamel caries into determinations of caries prevalence and experience. The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the caries status including estimations of enamel caries, of European adolescents.MethodFour databases (Medline Ovid, Embase, CINAHL, and SweMed+) were systematically searched from 1 January 2000 through 20 September 2021 for peer-reviewed publications on caries prevalence and caries experience in 12–19-year-olds; that also included evaluations of enamel lesions. Summary estimates were calculated using random effect model.ResultsOverall, 30 publications were selected for the systematic review covering 25 observational studies. Not all studies could be used in the meta-analyses. Caries prevalence was 77% (n = 22 studies). Highest prevalence was reported in the age groups 16–19 years, and in studies where caries examinations were done before 2010. The overall mean DMFS score was 5.93 (n = 14 studies) and it was significantly lower among Scandinavian adolescents than among other European adolescents (4.43 vs. 8.89). The proportion of enamel caries (n = 7 studies) was 50%, and highest in the lowest age group (12–15 years). Results from the present systematic review reflected the caries distribution to be skewed at individual-, tooth- and surface levels; at tooth and surface level, also changed according to age.ConclusionsAlthough studies in which the caries examinations had been done in 2010 or later documented a reduction in caries prevalence, caries during adolescence still constitutes a burden. Thus, the potential for preventing development of more severe caries lesions, as seen in the substantial volume of enamel caries during early adolescence, should be fully exploited. For this to happen, enamel caries should be a part of epidemiological reporting in national registers.
Estimation of gingival crevicular fluid oxidative stress markers in school-aged children and teenagers with insufficient sleep
Authors: Yin Qianwen , Liu Chao , Bao Han , Li Size , Huang Zhuwei , Gu Deao , Xiong Liping , Miao Leiying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep is crucial for survival. Sleep deprivation causes ROS accumulation and, consequently, oxidative stress. The goal of the study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of the oxidative stress status hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide glutathione (GSH), and cellular oxidative damage marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in school-aged children and teenagers with insufficient sleep.MethodsThis study investigated sleep duration in 80 participants from two different developmental stages: school-aged children (6–13 years) and teenagers (14–17 years). GCF samples were obtained from all individuals, and samples were investigated to detect H2O2, GSH, and MDA levels using the micro method.ResultsResults reveal that GCF MDA and H2O2in school-age children and teenagers with insufficient sleep were significantly higher than in children with sufficient sleep. GCF GSH with insufficient sleep was insignificantly lower than in children with sufficient sleep. There was no significant difference between school-age and teenage populations.ConclusionSleep deprivation causes increased levels of oxidative stress in gingival crevicular fluid, and adequate sleep is essential for maintaining redox balance.
The mediating effect of social support on the association between socioeconomic status and self-reported oral health status among the migrant elderly following children in Weifang, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pang Mingli , Wang Jieru , Tian Tingting , Zhao Jinfeng , Jiang Xiaoxu , Li Hexian , Kong Fanlei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDriven by population aging and the rapid urbanization in China, many migrant elderly following children (MEFC) moved to big cities to care for their grandchildren. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported oral health status among the MEFC in Weifang, China.MethodsMultistage cluster random sampling was used to select the participants and finally 613 MEFC were included in the survey. The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Chinese version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) scale were used for data collection. Descriptive analysis, Rao-Scott test, t-test and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted in this study.ResultsMean score of GOHAI of the MEFC was 54.95 ± 6.47. The SES of MEFC exerted positive direct effect both on social support (standardized coefficient = 0.15) and self-reported oral health status (standardized coefficient = 0.22); social support exerted positive direct effect on self-reported oral health status (standardized coefficient = 0.17). Social support partially mediated the association between SES and self-reported oral health status [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.003–0.064,P < 0.05], and the mediating effect of social support accounted for 12.0% of the total effect.ConclusionsHigher GOHAI score of MEFC indicated their better self-reported oral health status. MEFCs’ SES could exert positive effect both on social support and self-reported oral health status, while the mediating effect of social support between SES and self-reported oral health status of MEFC was established.
Mapping lifestyle medicine in undergraduate medical education: a lever for enhancing the curriculum
Authors: Essa-Hadad Jumanah , Rudolf Mary CJ , Mani Noah , Malatskey Lilach 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2017, the Bipartisan Policy Center called for inclusion of lifestyle medicine (LM) in undergraduate medical education. Recognizing the requirement that lifestyle medicine should be an integral and integrated part of the curriculum, we undertook an in-depth mapping process to determine the extent of LM teaching at our Faculty, staff perceptions and the impact on medical students.

Methods
The study utilized mixed methodology. In Phase 1 (Mapping) structured analysis of course syllabi were conducted followed by observation of teaching sessions throughout the pre-clinical and clinical years, recording content, the degree of coverage, and time allocated to LM Medicine. In Phase 2 (Impact and perceptions), students’ attitudes and confidence in LM counselling were ascertained by questionnaire (scale 1–4) on completion of second and fourth year of studies. Interviews were conducted with course coordinators.

Results
Phase 1: Students received 58 hours of LM teaching, 49 hours pre-clinical and 9 clinical; 42 hours were dedicated to theoretical knowledge and 16 hours to teaching practical skills related to lifestyle behavior change. Nutrition received the most attention (18 hours), alcohol, sleep, smoking and sexuality the least. On completion of the internal medicine rotation, students (n = 48) agreed that LM guidance should be part of the physician’s role and that patients expected their physicians to be role models (mean ± sd; 3.4 ± 0.7). Students were fairly confident about providing general LM counselling (3.3 ± 1.1); but less so for exercise (3.0 ± 1.2), nutrition (2.7 ± 1.1), stress (2.5 ± 1.0), sleep (2.2 ± 1.2), and sexuality (2.1 ± 1.2). Staff recognized the importance of LM but reported time limitations and the need to bring in external experts to teach LM as challenges.

Conclusions
Real-time mapping of teaching is a valuable way to ascertain teaching in practice. Based on our mapping process, redesign of curricula is needed to integrate more competency-based, experiential teaching, particularly in the clinical years.
Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins: a global analysis
Authors: Abavisani Mohammad , Rahimian Karim , Mahdavi Bahar , Tokhanbigli Samaneh , Mollapour Siasakht Mahsa , Farhadi Amin , Kodori Mansoor , Mahmanzar Mohammadamin , Meshkat Zahra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Emergence of new variants mainly variants of concerns (VOC) is caused by mutations in main structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mutations among structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 globally.

Methods
We analyzed samples of amino-acid sequences (AASs) for envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins from the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) as pandemic to January 2022. The presence and location of mutations were then investigated by aligning the sequences to the reference sequence and categorizing them based on frequency and continent. Finally, the related human genes with the viral structural genes were discovered, and their interactions were reported.

Results
The results indicated that the most relative mutations among the E, M, N, and S AASs occurred in the regions of 7 to 14, 66 to 88, 164 to 205, and 508 to 635 AAs, respectively. The most frequent mutations in E, M, N, and S proteins were T9I, I82T, R203M/R203K, and D614G. D614G was the most frequent mutation in all six geographical areas. Following D614G, L18F, A222V, E484K, and N501Y, respectively, were ranked as the most frequent mutations in S protein globally. Besides, A-kinase Anchoring Protein 8 Like (AKAP8L) was shown as the linkage unit between M, E, and E cluster genes.

Conclusion
Screening the structural protein mutations can help scientists introduce better drug and vaccine development strategies.
Effect of cervical spine motion on displacement of posterolateral annulus fibrosus in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with contained posterolateral disc herniation: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Ye Lin-qiang , Chen Chao , Liu Yuan-hui , Li Zhen , Lu Guo-liang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies on dynamic impingement of nerve root in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) have focused on effect of cervical spine motion (CSM) on dimensional changes of intervertebral foramen. However, there are few studies to investigate effect of CSM on displacement of posterolateral intervertebral disc until now. The present study aimed to investigate effect of CSM on displacement of posterolateral annulus fibrosus (AF) in CSR with contained posterolateral disc herniation.

Methods
A C5–C6 CSR finite element model with unilateral contained posterolateral disc herniation was generated based on validated C5–C6 normal finite element model. Forward and backward displacement distributions of posterolateral AFs in CSR model and normal model were compared. Changes in forward and backward displacement magnitudes of posterolateral AFs of the herniated side and the healthy side in CSR model, with respect to those of the ipsilateral posterolateral AFs in normal model, were compared. The comparisons were performed under flexion, extension, lateral bendings and axial rotations.

Results
There was no difference in deformation trend of posterolateral AF between CSR model and normal model. Bilateral posterolateral AFs mainly moved forward during flexion and backward during extension. Left posterolateral AF mainly moved backward and right posterolateral AF forward during left lateral bending and left axial rotation. Left posterolateral AF mainly moved forward and right posterolateral AF backward during right lateral bending and right axial rotation. However, with respect to forward and backward displacement magnitudes of the ipsilateral posterolateral AFs in normal model, those of the herniated side increased relatively significantly compared with those of the healthy side in CSR model.

Conclusions
Flexion, lateral bending to the healthy side and axial rotation to the healthy side make posterolateral AF of the herniated side mainly move forward, whereas extension, lateral bending to the herniated side and axial rotation to the herniated side make it mainly move backward. These data may help select CSM or positions to diagnose and treat CSR with contained posterolateral disc herniation. Increase in deformation amplitude of posterolateral AF of the herniated side may also be the reason for dynamic impingement of nerve root in CSR with contained posterolateral disc herniation.
Five critically ill pregnant women/parturients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Chi , Li Furong , Yan Zheng , Ye Shugao , Ma Jinqi , Wen Juan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Maternal mortality has always been a major medical concern. Recently, the successful application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology in the rescue of near-death patients has been reported.

Case presentation
This study retrospectively analyzed 5 cases of critically ill pregnant women/parturients treated with ECMO for respiratory and circulatory failure in the Wuxi People’s Hospital from 2018 to 2020. The mean age of the 5 cases was 30.2 years. Among them, Cases 1 and 5 were treated with Venoarterial (VA) ECMO. Case 1 was diagnosed with congenital heart disease, atrial septal defect, and severe pulmonary hypertension. VA ECMO was applied before cesarean section and was successfully removed after double lung transplantation, but the patient died 10 months after delivery from lung infection. While Case 5 was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, thrombotic vascular disease, HELLP syndrome, and cerebral hemorrhage. VA ECMO was applied 39 days after cesarean section, and the patient died 40 days after delivery due to multiple organ failure. Cases 3 and 4 were treated with Venovenous (VV) ECMO. Case 3 was diagnosed with refractory postpartum hemorrhage, and Case 4 was diagnosed with postpartum hypoglycemic coma, aspiration pneumonia, and shock. They were treated with VV ECMO after delivery, and all survived after successful evacuation. Another Case (Case 2) was diagnosed with postpartum pelvic infection, sepsis and septic shock, and was treated with VA ECMO at 15 days after delivery. The patient changed to VV ECMO at 30 days after delivery due to significant improvement in heart function and poor lung function, but eventually died of multiple organ failure. For the 5 cases, the mean duration of ECMO was 8.7 days, the mean duration of intensive care was 22.0 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 57.6 days. As a result, 3 patients gradually returned to normal with significant improvement in ventilation and oxygenation after ECMO treatment.

Conclusions
ECMO technology can be used to treat some of the critical obstetric patients with respiratory and circulatory failure that is ineffective to conventional treatment, but it has no therapeutic effect on the primary disease.
Age and environmental factors predict psychological symptoms in adolescent refugees during the initial post-resettlement phase
Authors: Hocking Debbie C. , Sundram Suresh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescent refugees are at high risk of developing mental disorders but are often not recognised early. This pilot study aimed to identify early putative risk factors associated with psychological symptoms in newly resettled refugee youth at potential risk of subsequently developing mental disorders.

Methods
Newly resettled adolescent refugees were recruited through English language schools in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were assessed with the MINI-Kid, Achenbach Youth Self-Report and Reaction of Adolescents to Traumatic Stress scale. Parents completed a mental health screening separately. Linear regression models were used to identify predictive factors associated with symptom ratings.

Results
Seventy-eight, ostensibly well, refugee adolescents (mean age = 15.0 ± 1.6 years) resettled in Australia for 6.1 ± 4.2 months were assessed. Levels of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms were considerably lower than in mainstream population data. Prior displacement was a key determinant of symptomatology. Transitory displacement, irrespective of duration, was associated with elevated scores for depression (t (47) = -4.05, p < 0.0001), avoidance/numbing (U = 466, p < .05) and total trauma (U = 506, p < .05) symptoms. Older age was a unique predictor of depression (F (1,74) = 8.98, p < .01), internalising (F(1,74) = 6.28, p < .05) and total (F(1,74) = 4.10, p < .05) symptoms, whilst parental depression symptoms (t = 2.01, p < 0.05), displacement (t = 3.35, p < 0.01) and, expectedly, trauma exposure (t = 3.94, p < 0.001) were unique predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms.

Conclusions
Displaced status, older age, and parental symptoms predicted psychological symptoms in adolescent refugees in an initial relatively asymptomatic post-resettlement phase. The early recognition of at-risk refugee youth may provide an opportunity for preventative mental health interventions.
Pivotal role of High-Mobility Group Box 2 in ovarian folliculogenesis and fertility
Authors: Shirouzu Shinichiro , Sugita Naohiro , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Yamaguma Yu , Takeguchi Kanako , Ishizuka Takumi , Tanaka Mio , Fidya  , Kai Kengo , Chosa Etsuo , Yamashita Yoshihiro , Koshimoto Chihiro , Hishikawa Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and HMGB2 are chromatin-associated proteins that belong to the HMG protein family, and are involved in the regulation of DNA transcription during cell differentiation, proliferation and regeneration in various tissues. However, the role of HMGB2 in ovarian folliculogenesis is largely unknown.

Methods
We investigated the functional role of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in ovarian folliculogenesis and fertilization using C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and HMGB2-knockout (KO) mice. Ovarian tissues were obtained from WT and HMGB2-KO mice at postnatal days 0, 3, 7, and 2, 6 months of age, then performed immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blotting analyses. Oocyte fertilization capability was examined by natural breeding and in vitro fertilization experiments.

Results
In HMGB2-KO mice, ovary weight was decreased due to reduced numbers of oocytes and follicles. Natural breeding and in vitro fertilization results indicated that HMGB2-KO mice are subfertile, but not sterile. Immunohistochemistry showed that oocytes expressed HMGB2, but not HMGB1, in neonatal and adult WT ovaries. Interestingly, in HMGB2-KO ovaries, a compensatory increase in HMGB1 was found in oocyte nuclei of neonatal and 2-month-old mice; however, this was lost at 6 months of age.

Conclusions
The depletion of HMGB2 led to alterations in ovarian morphology and function, suggesting that HMGB2 plays an essential role in ovarian development, folliculogenesis and fertilization.
Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related outcomes in the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Domingo-Relloso Arce , Gribble Matthew O. , Riffo-Campos Angela L. , Haack Karin , Cole Shelley A. , Tellez-Plaza Maria , Umans Jason G. , Fretts Amanda M. , Zhang Ying , Fallin M. Daniele , Navas-Acien Ana , Everson Todd M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased in the past years. Increasing evidence supports that blood DNA methylation, the best studied epigenetic mark, is related to diabetes risk. Few prospective studies, however, are available. We studied the association of blood DNA methylation with diabetes in the Strong Heart Study. We used limma, Iterative Sure Independence Screening and Cox regression to study the association of blood DNA methylation with fasting glucose, HOMA-IR and incident type 2 diabetes among 1312 American Indians from the Strong Heart Study. DNA methylation was measured using Illumina’s MethylationEPIC beadchip. We also assessed the biological relevance of our findings using bioinformatics analyses.

Results
Among the 358 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) that were cross-sectionally associated either with fasting glucose or HOMA-IR, 49 were prospectively associated with incident type 2 diabetes, although no DMPs remained significant after multiple comparisons correction. Multiple of the top DMPs were annotated to genes with relevant functions for diabetes including SREBF1, associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin sensitivity; ABCG1, involved in cholesterol and phospholipids transport; and HDAC1, of the HDAC family. (HDAC inhibitors have been proposed as an emerging treatment for diabetes and its complications.)

Conclusions
Our results suggest that differences in peripheral blood DNA methylation are related to cross-sectional markers of glucose metabolism and insulin activity. While some of these DMPs were modestly associated with prospective incident type 2 diabetes, they did not survive multiple testing. Common DMPs with diabetes epigenome-wide association studies from other populations suggest a partially common epigenomic signature of glucose and insulin activity.