bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Converted and Shared Light Electric Vehicles in Ghana: A Technical and Economic Analysis Based on Converted ICE Motorbikes and e-mopeds
Authors: Adjei Frederick , Sperling Denise , Atia-Abugbilla Isaac , Anokye Arnold , Appiah Jorge , Ayetor Godwin , Severengiz Semih 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper sets out to examine the economic and technical viability of LEVs in Ghana as a business model. It further examines the profitability of converted motorbikes which are adapted from ICE motorbikes. The business model is built on technical requirements of the ICE conversion in Ghana. The authors used a case study approach to analyze an exemplary business model based on 40 e-mopeds and 20 stand-alone solar charging stations deployed on the campus of KNUST until December 2021.
A further analysis was also done on the process of converting an ICE motorbike to create a minimum viable product which runs on electricity. The business model examines the profitability of such converted motorbikes taking into account production and assembly costs whiles also considering fixed costs. The results of the analysis prove that a single e-moped deployed in the model was profitable after 6.3 years and a converted motorbike was profitable compared to a conventional motorbike between 22500 km to 32500 km of use depending on the purchase scenario. The discussion and results provide a good basis for further research and give support to sustainable business models and manufacturing of LEVs.
Supply Chain Reconfiguration as an Option to Mitigate Post Harvest Losses and GHGs: Simulating a Case Study from Banana Supply Chain in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandrasiri M. K. D. C. K. , Dharmapriya U. S. S. , Kulatunga A. K. , Ratnayake R. M. R. N. K. , Wasala W. M. C. B. , Weerakkody W. A. P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZero hunger is one of the top three goals of Sustainable Development Goals which is achievable by reducing the postharvest losses of the food supply chain and improving food security. In developing countries approximately 40% of fruit harvest goes to waste due to not having proper mechanisms, coordination and best practices and poor post-harvest management. A pilot study has found post-harvest losses of fresh fruits and vegetables occur in 2.29%, 1.57%, 6.22% and 7.89% at farmer, collection center, wholesaler and retailer respectively, emphasizing the need of a reconfiguration. Following good practices in handling, introducing suitable bulk packing methods, vehicle upgrades and development of different supply chain configurations are some approaches in mitigating post-harvest losses. Therefore, it is timely to change the product flow of supply chain by reconfiguration. The existing configuration of fruit and vegetable supply chain is simulated as an agent based simulation model taking banana supply chain as a case study. Short supply chain branches were introduced as suggestions to avoid the congestion and banana getting exposed to mechanical damages. The reconfigured supply chain emitted 10% less GHG than the existing banana supply chain while achieving the efficiency in distribution flow.
Leveraging Insights from Unique Artifacts for Creating Sustainable Products
Authors: Zannoun H. , Okorafor J. , Asensio T. , Guedes G. , Badurdeen F. , Wang P. , Jawahir I. S. , Campana G. , Mele M. , Cimatti B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSustainable manufacturing pursues the achievement of economic, environmental, and societal benefits by promoting the long-term use of materials, products, and components within a circular economy. The analysis of one-of-a-kind classical products reveal some designs that exhibit a creative combination of parts from a variety of industrial sectors. For example, Italian designers behind some innovative artifacts have managed to integrate components from different sources into attractive and emotional-oriented objects that are revered to this day. The present work aims to combine 6R-based sustainable manufacturing with insights gained from some classical products of Italian design characterized by simplicity and decontextualization of common objects. This manuscript presents the design process for leveraging concepts embodied in some unique artifacts from the Italian design movement to inspire the realization of sustainable products. A commercial household item was redesigned to demonstrate the application of the approach by utilizing end-of-life items collected from municipal solid waste. The potential benefits of the triple bottom line approach associated with leveraging concepts, such as those from Italian design, to develop more sustainable products is also discussed.
Evaluating the Sustainability of Paper and Plastic Substitute Material LimeX
Authors: Thornton E.-Lexus , Hartley Avery , Caudill Daniel , Gamesu Martin , Schoop Julius , Badurdeen Fazleena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the increasing decline in the environment and natural resources it is important to find new ways in which manufacturing can increase the sustainability of the world. This study seeks to compare LimeX, a state-of-the-art paper and plastic alternative primarily made of limestone, with conventional paper and plastic materials. For a better understanding of LimeX as a material, a brief investigation of the mechanical and chemical properties will be performed through experimentation and analysis. In addition, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of LimeX through the analysis of metrics relating to the triple bottom line (environmental impacts, economic impacts and societal impacts) to evaluate and compare the sustainability performance of LimeX products with conventional paper and plastic products. The previously developed Product Sustainability Index (ProdSI) will be adapted and used in this study to conduct the sustainability evaluation. Major findings will include results from an experimental analysis of LimeX via SEM and EDS, and LimeX material property measurements via tensile testing and density measurements. In addition, there will also be a comparison of the sustainability performance of conventional paper and LimeX using a simplified ProdSI. The study found that LimeX was marginally more sustainable than paper, but this evaluation could change with information from the development of a life-cycle analysis report on the material.
Potential of Radar Based Measuring Systems in Hot Forging
Authors: Bergmann M. , Dix M. , Wallbaum T. , Selbmannn R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHot forging processes and process chains provide components, which meet highest demands due to mechanical properties. A wide range of applications in different industries like oil and gas, automotive and aviation are based on such processes. As those processes are very productive unfavorable process conditions and unnecessary reject or rework are a strong issues and still not solved for industrial scale production. One key challenge is to generate geometrical information of the workpiece. The geometrical characterization of hot forged parts is usually carried out in cold condition resulting in an extensive time delay to processing. Information about the part geometry during processing and right after processing – in hot condition -- is not accessible. An approach to address this are radar based measuring systems. Those systems have specific characteristics like sufficient accuracy and robustness which qualifies them for measuring tasks under rough conditions typically occurring during forging processes. In the paper, different use cases for the application of radar-based measuring systems are identified and analyses based on laboratory scale experiments.
Evaluation of Thermal Error Compensation Strategies Regarding Their Influence on Accuracy and Energy Efficiency of Machine Tools
Authors: Naumann Christian , Fickert Axel , Penter Lars , Gißke Carola , Wenkler Eric , Glänzel Janine , Klimant Philipp , Dix Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFriction, electrical losses, cooling systems and ambient conditions influence the thermal field of machine tools and cause a significant amount of positioning inaccuracies and production errors. Compensation strategies aim to reduce the thermal error in machine tools. The global urgency for energy-efficient production also affects the selection of specific compensation strategies, especially since some of them consume significant amounts of energy while others are potential energy savers. As of today, there is no method to select the optimal compensation strategy for thermal errors in machine tools. The main reasons are that the quality of any compensation strategy depends heavily on the examined machine tool and its intended usage. Besides this, there are several, often conflicting assessment criteria.This paper provides an overview of existing compensation strategies and presents an evaluation of their effect on the energy consumption. The investigated strategies comprise methods for reducing the heat losses, for decreasing the sensitivity of the tool center point to thermal influences, cooling strategies for removing heat from the machine tool, air conditioning and methods for controllable heat transfer and also various computational methods aimed at predicting and correcting the existing thermal positioning error in the machine tool control.As an addition to previous research, the rating of thermal error compensation strategies was extended by their effect on energy efficiency. The authors demonstrate that accuracy and energy efficiency must be considered jointly for each individual machine tool and manufacturing task.
Model-Based Correlation Analysis of Machine Control Parameters and Process Vibration Amplitudes by the Example of Milling
Authors: Ju Shu , Reitenspieß Max , Zhang Kai , Hanenkamp Nico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn machining processes, system-immanent process vibrations lead not only to lower surface quality of workpieces but also to the degradation of the machine and tool wear. Effectively minimizing process vibration amplitudes without costly software or hardware add-ons is a research topic that demands further investigation. In this regard, this article focuses on the further development of a holistic milling process model as well as the experimental and simulation-based vibration analysis. The interaction between the nonlinear behaviors of the cascade controlled electric motors and the process parameters are practically evaluated. Moreover, based on the experimental and simulation results, a correlation analysis of the machine control parameters and the process vibration amplitude has been implemented.
Influence of Carbon Dioxide Temperature on Sprayability and Solubility in Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication with Bio-Based Lubricants
Authors: Meier Trixi , Lermer Michael , Gross Daniel , Hanenkamp Nico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) represents a compromise satisfying both efficiency and sustainability in many manufacturing processes. In previous series of experiments a variation of the thermodynamic state of the cryogenic medium taken from riser bottles could be observed. Consequently, the aim of this study was to specifically control the thermodynamic state of the CO2 and, associated with this, the density after removal from the riser bottles. To achieve this objective conventional cooling was implemented for the CO2 after withdrawal from the riser bundle in order to have a constant liquid state of the CO2 during feeding. The density of the cryogenic medium could be raised from ρ = 550 kg/m3 to over 800 kg/m at a mass flow rate of $$\dot{m}_{CO2}$$

m
˙

C
O
2

= 5 kg/h with the applied cooling method and can also be stabilized regarding the density pulsation. Subsequently, the effects of temperature-controlled CO2 on the sprayability and solubility in CMQL were examined and resulted in increased atomization of the oils and widening of the spray corridor with a greater main spray length and intensity. In addition stable conditions for the CMQL-supply to the manufacturing process were achieved by a lower pulsation of the CO2-oil mixture.
Sustainability Enhancement of the Coal Based Direct Reduction of Iron Premised on a Rotary Kiln
Authors: Nyakudya Ratidzo Yvonne , Ayomoh Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSustainability of steel manufacturing industries in most under developing economies around the globe has become an issue of concern bothering around both environmental and systemic sustainability. The principles of circular economy (CE) in systems thinking (ST) have been proposed in this paper as a measure towards augmenting the sustainability of coal based Direct Reduction of Iron (DRI) process. The DRI approach for steel production is preferred for economic reasons in most low-income countries, even though it is an inevitably dirty process, emitting gaseous and solid wastes in large quantities. The pollution level of the DRI process violates the United Nations sustainable development goal no. 13 which focuses on climate action. The concept of CE in ST has been presented as a comprehensive measure that is capable of reducing and aiding with the recovery of wastes in the DRI process through effective tracing, tracking and control within an integrated network.
Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification Systems: Jet Cross-Talking Effect in Multi-electrosprays
Authors: Mutenhabundo Winnie , Mushiri Tawanda , Gutu Timothy , Zvandasara Patson 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen liquid desiccant systems are employed to dehumidify air electrospraying technique helps to increase the surface area of the liquid. Multiplexing of the jets by introducing several emitters for increased efficiency is commendable but, there is a tendency of the jets to cross talk with each other due to electrical shielding. Cross talking of jets will result in the failure of the jets to break properly into droplets for effective dehumidification. This piece of work analyzed the conditions for electrical shielding among jets which results in efficient electrospray. To evaluate how cross talking affects multiple emitter nozzles, the mathematical model was built by superimposing the electric potentials of one emitter in an array of emitters. A Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation model was developed to investigate the conditions for electrical shielding among jets during electrospray process with glycerol as the working substance. In flow modelling, Ansys Fluent with Volume of Fluid and the Taylor Dielectric model were involved. The flow rate that guarantees stability in the electrospray was determined together with the optimum voltage resulting in a spray current which reduces electrical shielding. An analysis on the electrical conductivity of the liquid to ensure stability and efficiency in electrospray was done. The pressure contours of the nozzle were determined together with velocity of the desiccant against density. Emitter spacing, applied voltage, flow rate and the electrical conductivity plays a pivotal role on the prevention of cross talking of jets during the electrospraying process.
Towards a Comparative Index Assessing Mechanical Performance, Material Consumption and Energy Requirements for Additive Manufactured Parts
Authors: De Bernardez Leopoldo , Campana Giampaolo , Mele Mattia , Mur Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe increasing use of Additive Manufacturing technologies and systems in several industrial sectors and their numerous applications turn the attention of scientists and investigators to studying and evaluating the environmental impacts of these processes. Additive Manufacturing generally allows for a reduction of raw material consumption and waste generation. On the other hand, the need for long processing times and the necessary thermal conditioning of the manufacturing chamber to avoid product defects, lead to a considerable amount of consumed energy per produced item. Energy consumption has been a primary concern of the research on the sustainability of Additive Manufacturing indeed. More recent studies extended the analysis through more complete evaluation methods such as the Life Cycle Assessment. This approach allows a detailed description of environmental impacts but is affected by some concerns about the need for an interpretation of the final results, which can be non-univocal. This fact is particularly critical when the assessment is intended to be used for comparison between alternative solutions.In this study, a novel index is introduced including three main aspects: material consumption, energy requirements and mechanical performance. The proposed formulation makes the index immediately usable for comparing alternative solutions. Within the scope of this study, the index has been applied to one of the most widespread Additive Manufacturing processes, namely Fused Filament Fabrication. The presented case study demonstrates the suitability of the proposed method to compare and identify the optimal choice among alternative manufacturing scenarios.
Enabling Sustainable Consumption: Development of an Inventory Management Tool for Food Recovery
Authors: Dean Chelsea , Badurdeen Fazleena , OoNorasak Kendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe food supply chain presents numerous challenges from farm to fork resulting in over one third of all food produced going to waste. These challenges uniquely affect the level of food insecurity among regional populations. Food lost in the production and manufacturing stages of the supply chain are most influential in developing nations. Meanwhile the retail and consumer stages substantially affect food wasted in developed nations. The project described in this paper applies a systems-based approach to evaluate the inventory management needs for a charitable food recovery organization (FRO) and develop a tool for more effective management of recovered food. The capabilities to be incorporated in the tool are identified through an in-depth literature review and a current state assessment of the FRO’s system. Influential relationships and feedback loops are examined to provide a central view of inventory assets, how they are acquired and dispersed. The easy-to-use tool is then developed to interface with existing data collection mechanisms at the FRO. The paper will detail the research involved and necessary steps taken to provide accurate sustainability and inventory reporting for the FRO for more effective food recovery. Limitations of the tool and potential improvement opportunities will also be discussed.
User-Centric Energy Efficiency Optimization for Machining
Authors: Gericke Thore , Thomsen Volkmar , Schwichtenberg Nik , Mattes Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA user-centric end-to-end machining optimization approach for increased energy efficiency according to the major goal of carbon free production, is presented. By doing so the two major challenges for medium size companies get addressed. First data acquisition with sensors, which only require minimum investment cost by using machine-internal measured values and additional machine parameters. On example applications, it is shown how this combination enables transformation from parameter based to tool load based optimization. This foundation ensures the continuous selection of the process window with highest performance effectiveness of machine tool and cutting tool, regardless if machining anomalies occur. Second a collaborative assistance system, which provides to the machine operator the option for input his specific experience and knowledge, thus making personal contribution to energy savings tangible. Thereby the carbon footprint per manufactured product component gets minimized.
Approach for Design of Low Carbon Footprint Paint Shops in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Wendt Jonas , Weyand Astrid , Barmbold Boris , Weigold Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo mitigate the ongoing progress of climate change, the European Commission announced in the European Green Deal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% until 2030 compared to the reference year 1990 and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 [1]. In this context, the industry in particular faces environmental challenges due to its high energy demand. To achieve the objective of becoming climate-neutral, increasing the energy and resource efficiency in the industry is crucial, because a large proportion of the greenhouse gases released are emitted during the provision of energy. In the automotive industry, paint shops are among the most energy-intensive processes and have great potentials for efficiency measures. These potentials can be identified with the assistance of energy or CO2 balancing methods. This publication presents a tool to analyse the energy efficiency potentials of automotive paint shops. The approach offers the possibility to parameterize different painting processes and their sub-processes. After defining the process requirements, a thermodynamic and process engineering simulation of the individual process steps enables the identification of potentials for energy and resource savings and CO2 reduction in existing or planned painting processes. In a validation on a real reference scenario, the simulated CO2 emissions of a paint shop were reduced by up to 24%.
reProd® – Resource-Autarkic Production Based on Secondary Semi-finished Products
Authors: Werner Markus , Haase Rico , Hermeling Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach of a smart shortened material loop for producing second-life metallic components by saving a significant amount of energy and CO2 emissions. The focus is on metallic components and manufacturing chains based on adapted forming technologies. Sourcing and using secondary semi-finished products instead of virgin metallic materials facilitates the omission of process steps, such as iron smelting, steel making, continuous casting, hot and cold rolling, which involve the highest energy consumption and the highest CO2 emissions. Besides the positive impacts on sustainability, there are still scientific and technological challenges. One challenge lies in matching providers of secondary semi-finished material to market needs; the other comprises engineering the forming process chain while some material characteristics are not clearly specified or vary in a wide range. In contrast to the heavily restricted properties of virgin material, the characteristics of secondary semi-finished materials vary in a wider range and need to be elaborated. In the end, a new component will be produced, differing in design, function, and properties from conventional, single-life cycle products. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel, circular material loop for metals. The paper finishes with a short concept note on digital material and product passports to store and provide the required information on properties.