bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership skills perceptions in training – the EFPT perspective
Authors: Santos M. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeadership in healthcare organisations is crucial to continually improve and provide adequate and quality care. Leadership development and training empower psychiatrists to develop leadership skills. Focusing on how to enhance leadership development through leadership skills training and experiential learning should be a priority.Nonetheless, there is a perception that, throughout Europe, the acquisition of basic or more advanced leadership skills is very seldom part of the professional training.In 2019, a Leadership Working Group (LWG) was set up within the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT). Its aim is to provide trainees an opportunity to develop their leadership skills.This presentation will show case some of the efforts by the LWG. A special focus will be given to a European-based cross-sectional survey of needs about leadership skills training in Psychiatry aimed at ECPs, that showed that a majority of ECPs had no access to leadership skills training within curricula and that all the respondents requested it to be included in a psychiatric training program in either optional or mandatory fashion.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) among college students in Kuwait
Authors: Alansari B. M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is a psychometrically robust measure of psychological distress for adult populations, the most commonly used screening measure in the general population. It is used in epidemiological surveys globally, including the World Health Organization and World Mental Health Survey. Recently, there has been a research interest in examining the psychometric properties of the K6 in college students’ populations.ObjectivesTo examine the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Arabic adaptation K6 in Kuwaiti college students.MethodsThe participants were 1402 individuals (509 males, 893 females) Kuwait University undergraduates, aged 18–35 years-old mean age = 21.50 ± 4.87. The Arabic versions of The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS-42, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory –BAI were administered to participants including demographics. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the (K6) with DASS-42, BDI-II, & BAI were computed.ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory for the K6 (Cronbach’s alpha =0.80 for males & 0.79 for females). The results revealed significant gender differences in distress with a favor for females (f=8.95, p. >.003). Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that a K6 one -component solution explains %61.51 of the total variance for males and %57.23 for females. The k6 correlates with DASS Stress (r=.76), DASS Depression (r=.57), DASS Anxiety (r=0.76), BAI (r=.73) and BDI-II (r=46).ConclusionsThe K6 provides satisfactory validation, and can be recommended as a measure of distress among Arab college students.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Personality traits among Moroccan officials in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra Region
Authors: Drissi E. , azzaoui F. Z. , Hami H. , Ahami A. , Boulbaroud S. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPublic servants, because of the nature of their work, are under tremendous pressure. Hence the need to study the dominant personality traits within this sample.ObjectivesDemonstrate the domination of certain personality dimensions over others in this population.The aim of this research is to study the five major personality traits in a sample of officials in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra Region, Morocco.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that involved 387 individuals, including 55.8% (n=216) Male and 44.2% (n=171) Female with an average age of 32.75± 9.79. The personality traits were assessed using the Big Five test.ResultsThe results show that, 76.74% of our study subjects have a high score of Agreeableness, while 23.26% have a low score. 59.69% of our sample has a high score in Extravesion, while 40.31% have a low one. Slight increase in the percentage that has a high score in Neurosis compared to those that have a low score with 51.94% and 48.06%. 78.29% of our sample have a high Consciousness score, while 21.71% have a low one. Concerning Openness, 79.84% of the participants have a high score and only 20.16 have a low score.ConclusionsThis study sample is characterized by the dominance of three main traits, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Openness. Moreover, this study has shed light on the fact that the Neurosis trait is dominant in almost half of our sample. However, considering this study concerned only one region, it would be interesting to widen the geography of the survey to acquire more exhaustive results.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychoanalysis, Philosophy and Literature- Intersection of Science and Art
Authors: Kolar D. , Kolar M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPhilosophy and psychoanalysis have mutually influenced each other in many ways. Ancient Greek philosophers, Socrates and Plato were frequently cited by Freud in his works and the origins of certain psychoanalytic concepts can be found in their works. The philosophical works of Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Husserl, Sartre and many others had a significant impact on the development of psychoanalytic ideas. The intersection of philosophy and literature was best depicted in Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of the metaphysical novel.ObjectivesThe goal of this presentation is to perform a comprehensive historical review of the relationship between psychoanalysis, philosophy and literature.MethodsDifferent philosophical schools from ancient philosophy to classic German philosophy and philosophy of existentialism have been explored in their relationship with psychoanalysis and world literature. Among world literary classics, we selected only those who best represent the role of psychoanalysis in the modern literary critics and on the other hand the influence of philosophy on literature.ResultsEarly origins of the relationship between philosophy, psychoanalysis and literature can be found in the text of ancient philosophers and writers. The great Sophocles’ tragic drama Oedipus the King was the foundation for Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex. The Socratic dialogue, a technique best elaborated by his student Plato was the antecedent of modern psychotherapy. Later in history philosophical works of Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre and many others had a significant impact on the development of psychoanalytic ideas. There is a number of other philosophical fictions in the world literature written by Sartre, Camus, Kafka, Proust and many others and some of these literary woks may have characteristics of psychological novel as well. Literary critics is an important field for the application of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic theory has been always in forefront of Shakespearean studies. Marcel Proust is a writer who gave a significant contribution to modern literary studies. He wrote about the interactive process between the reader and text and emotional impact of reading. Proust recognized the similar psychological processes that we can see in psychoanalytic setting.ConclusionsThis comprehensive historical review of the relationship between psychoanalysis, philosophy and literature demonstrates that all these disciplines have much in common, particularly in their intention to approach truth from different angles. Psychoanalysis is a science and applies scientific methodology in its theory and treatment. Certain branches of psychoanalysis like Jung’s analytic psychology are sometimes closer to philosophy and art than to science. Philosophy as a humanistic discipline has always been in between science and art.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A Systematic Review of the Effect of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Programs for Nurses
Authors: Yoo I. , Park J. , Choi S. , Kim Y. , Lee H. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionNurses are at an increased risk for work-related stress resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are susceptible due to frequent exposure to traumatic situations providing care for patients.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review is to comprehensively review the content and characteristics of intervention programs for reducing the post-traumatic stress of nurses or nursing students, providing a basis for developing a standardized protocol for programs to promote the integrated health of nurses and protect them from stress events in clinical environments.MethodsThis is a systematic review. Participants (P) targeted nurses or nursing students; Intervention (I) included intervention programs for reducing post-traumatic stress; Comparison (C) was control groups provided with usual or no interventions ; and Outcomes (O) referred to changes in physical or emotional reactions toward post-traumatic stress. Two researchers searched four databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE with keywords such as “nurse,” “post-trumatic stress disorder,” “program,” and “intervention”. A total of 7,523 studies were searched and 10 studies were included for final analysis (Image 1). The Risk of Bias2 (Image 2) and the Risk of Bias for Non-randomized Study I (Image 3) were used to evaluate the quality the included studies.ResultsThe number of studies is increasing, with four studies published before 2020, and six studies published since, of which three in 2022. Definitions of trauma situations to which nurses are exposed included diverse elements such as patient death, workplace violence, the COVID-19 pandemic, and complex trauma experiences due to working environments. Most studies have provided multiple intervention sessions, which is appropriate considering the characteristics of PTSD. Most studies examined the secondary effects on mental health such as anxiety, depression, and burnout caused by stress rather than evaluating stress itself. The quality of the study was generally highly biased. The risk of bias increased for the two randomized controlled trials in terms of measurement outcomes and outcome description. The other eight non-randomized studies all included a self-reporting questionnaire of participants, leading to a risk of bias in terms of measurement outcomes.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsStudies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of interventions given heightened concerns about PTSD in nurses. However, the concept of the trauma experienced by nurses was not integrally defined, and information on interventions was often limited. Efforts are required to improve the quality of research in terms of experimental study design.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
THE POTENTIAL USE OF INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN AS EARLY PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION FOR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Authors: Magalhães M. A. L. , Andrade M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by an exaggerated fear responses (FA) which fails to extinguish over time and cannot be inhibited in safe contexts. Studies report that traumatic experiences (TE) affect hormonal systems mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the oxytocinergic system. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus that has social functions like the promotion of prosocial and affiliative behaviors, increased self-confidence and positive social memories. In PTSD there is a diminished inhibitory top-down control over the FA, which is characterized by amygdala hyperactivity, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) hypoactivity and diminished structural and functional connectivity between both areas, which results in anxiety increase and dysregulated autonomic and endocrine FA. In parallel, TE decrease the synthesis and release of OXT, resulting in the dysfunction of the negative feedback mechanism on the HPA, leading to hypercortisolemia and maximizing the response to a stressful stimulus. Previous studies report that the administration of OXT can reduce cortisol levels as well as attenuating amygdala hyperactivity and normalizing the connectivity of this structure with frontal areas, diminishing the FA. Therefore, OXT has been investigated as a potential therapeutic agent administered intranasally early after trauma as a strategy to prevent PTDS on individuals having high risk.ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to review the potential of intranasal OXT administration as early preventive intervention for PTSD.MethodsSystematic review of the literature published in Pubmed, using the terms “Oxytocin”, “Post-traumatic Stress Disorder”, “Stress”.ResultsStudies found significant associations between TE and OXT and report that TE and PTSD are strongly associated with reductions in OXT. Literature report that the acute effects of OXT administrations in individuals with TE tend to be anxiolytic only in less severe forms, by modulating the HPA axis and the autonomic nervous system. Moreover, in recent TE, OXT seems to increase the re-experience of traumas and restore the function of different networks associated with fear control in PTSD patients. FMRI studies indicate that intranasal OXT attenuates amygdala hyperactivity and enhances amygdala´s connectivity with vmPFC, resulting in increased control over the FA. Finally, studies report that a single oxytocin administration increases neuronal fear processing but repeated administration reduces PTSD symptoms up to 6 months post trauma in patients with high acute symptoms.ConclusionsRepeated administration of intranasal oxytocin early after trauma seems to diminish the acute symptoms in early stages of PTDS, being a potential pharmacological strategy to prevent PTDS in individuals at high risk by increasing the control of FA.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSIONS IN ADULTS WITH ADHD SYMPTOMS
Authors: Carreiro L. R. R. , Paes I. T. , Silva M. M. M. , Seabra A. G. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which begins in childhood and often persists into adulthood. ADHD has a heterogeneous expression with diversity in behavioral symptoms, cognitive deficits, and comorbidities. So, it is possible to consider it a spectrum with different losses.ObjectivesTo describe clusters of multiple neuropsychological, attentional, and behavioral measures in adults with symptoms of ADHD. It could help to seek new directions to examine heterogeneity from a dimensional approach to ADHD.Methods120 adults between 18 and 52 years old (m= 29.5) with ADHD symptoms participated in this study. Performance indices on computerized neuropsychological tests of attention (voluntary, automatic, temporal, and sustained), behavioral self-report scales for ADHD (ASRS-18), impulsivity (BIS-11) executive dysfunction (BDEFS), and functionality, emotional and behavioral problems (Adult Self-Report - ASR of ASEBA) were analyzed. Cluster analysis processed the data to find subgroups based on the scores of instruments. The NbClust tested the best number of clusters that converge to a solution.ResultsThe 3 clusters solution was obtained by comparing Z scores for each indicator. In cluster 1, the ADHD symptoms were equivalent but expressed more hyperactivity than in other clusters. Also, higher levels of functional impairments and executive dysfunctions (motivation, emotional regulation, and anxiety/depression) were identified. In the attentional neuropsychological tasks, the indices express a lower level. Cluster 2 expressed a higher level of inattention and attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, and functional impairments in the academic, professional, and legal risk areas. Cluster 3 was the subgroup with the lowest level of symptoms of ADHD.ConclusionsThis study identified differences in performances that contribute to understanding the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional expressions of ADHD. Three groups of different prejudices levels should be considered in the development of evaluative models in new studies to consider the spectrum of ADHD.Financial support: FAPESP [grant 2019/20757-5, 2019/21773-4, 2020/14800-2]; CAPES Proex [grant 0426/2021, 23038.006837/2021-73]; Mackpesquisa; CNPq [grant 307443/2019-1]Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Neural circuit mapping of waiting impulsivity and proactive inhibition with convergent evidence from fMRI and TMS
Authors: Skandali N. , Baek K. , Sallie S. , Sonkusare S. , Mandali A. , Ritou V. , Caesaro V. , Caesaro V. , Voon V. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWaiting and stopping are essential and distinct elements of appropriate behavioral control with its dysfunction implicated in various impulsivity related mental disorders. Although rodent and human studies have investigated both phenomena, the role of preparing to stop in waiting impulsivity has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, convergent evidence from multi-modal investigation tools remains a poorly utilized approach in addressing such questions.ObjectivesHere, we conducted two separate, but hierarchical studies, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural circuit involved in waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping, and subsequently provide mechanistic and causal evidence of disruption of this circuit by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In the second study, based on our fMRI study data, we attempted to investigate possible causation between the LIFG and waiting impulsivity by modulating LIFG, i.e. non-invasively producing a “virtual lesion” with an inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol called continuous theta burst stimulationMethodsWe recruited 41 healthy volunteers who performed an adapted version (1CSRT) of the well-established 5 choice serial reaction time task to capture waiting impulsivity. We developed a novel task measuring proactive inhibition. We scanned participants while completing these two tasks. Our fMRI data showed a strong association between LIFG activity and waiting impulsivity on the 1CSRT task. We conducted a single-blind, randomized, between-subjects design of cTBS of the LIFG on a sample of 51 healthy volunteers who completed an adapted version of the 1CSRT task (2CSRT task). Our a priori hypothesis was that cTBS would transiently decrease local cortical activity of the LIFG and increase the frequency of premature responses on both fixed and delayed cue-target interval trials on the 2CSRT task.ResultsWe first show a shared neural network comprising the pre-supplementary motor area and bilateral anterior insula underlying both waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping. We further demonstrate activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) negatively correlated with waiting impulsivity in trials with additional target onset delay. We demonstrate active stimulation significantly increased waiting impulsivity.ConclusionsIn these two studies, we validated a novel task measuring proactive inhibition. We further validated the significance of task structure for assessing distinct aspects of impulsivity, which is of translational interest. We further established a causal role of lIFG for waiting impulsivity thus highlighting the integrity of LIFG and related neural circuitry required in waiting impulsivity.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Integration of mental health topics in medical postgraduate specialties programms in 50 countries
Authors: Heinze G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prolongation of life expectancy has considerably increased the prevalence of chronic diseases and therefore the concomitant presence of these, this usually predicts a more reserved prognosis for both conditions and can lead to greater complications, more complex treatments (4,5) and therefore more expensive and with considerable delays in recovery.(6)The comorbidity of physical and mental illnesses is common, as both are often interrelated.One of the ways to ensure handling comprehensive and personalized comorbidity should be detected especially at the first level of care for timely treatment, It is the inclusion of mental health topics in the curricula of doctors in training in a specialty.ObjectiveEstablish which programs of the medical and surgical specialties include topics related to mental health in their academic training, in order to strengthen the recovery process of patientsMethodsA descriptive study of the academic programs of Medical specialization in 50 countries. The questions we asked ourselves were:1.What medical specialties contain mental health topics in their training program?How many medical specialties have included the following mental health topics in their regular graduate program: affective disorders, anxiety disorders, psychosomatic disorders, substance use disorders, violence and palliative care?What other mental health topics are included in the different medical specialties?DiscussionThe results obtained indicate the importance of mental health in different states of physical health and especially to be taken into account by decision makers in health policies. Comorbidity in current medicine should be taken into consideration more objectively and thus favor the reduction of the suffering of the sick person. We know that an associated mental and physical condition can give atypical presentations that hinder diagnosis, clinical severity, and response to treatment and therefore may lead to increased utilization of health services. However, the fragmentation of medicine into increasingly limited specialties restricts the ability to see the patient holistically and therefore the decrease in the quality of medical care, increase in costs and delay in the recovery process.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared