bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated assessment of flood risk in Arial Khan floodplain of Bangladesh under changing climate and socioeconomic conditions
Authors: Chyon Md Sadiul Alam , Biswas Subir , Mondal M. Shahjahan , Roy Binata , Rahman Afeefa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the assessment of flood risk, the future flood hazard due to climate change is often tied to the present socioeconomic conditions. This makes an implicit assumption that the drivers of risk, other than the hazard, remain constant with time. Therefore, such risk assessment does not provide a realistic outlook for devising plausible mitigation strategies and plans. In this study, flood risk was assessed from an integrated perspective by considering both physical hazard, and socioeconomic exposure and vulnerability—all changing with time. The flood hazard in the Arial Khan River floodplain in the southcentral Bangladesh was simulated with a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model, and the exposure and vulnerability were projected using different statistical techniques. Principal component analysis was conducted to assign weights to the indicators of hazard, exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The results show that the flood depth, duration, and extent would increase from the baseline to 2080s under regional concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The sensitivity and vulnerability would decrease, reflecting an improved adaptive capacity. The low‐risk areas could increase from 62% in the baseline to 85%–91% in 2080s depending on the RCPs. The approach followed can be applied elsewhere in developing countries, particularly in riverine floodplain settings.
Social isolation and 9‐year dementia risk in community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries in the United States
Authors: Huang Alison R. , Roth David L. , Cidav Tom , Chung Shang‐En , Amjad Halima , Thorpe Roland J. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Cudjoe Thomas K. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial isolation can influence whether older adults develop dementia. We examine the association between social isolation and incident dementia among older adults in a nationally representative sample of community dwelling older adults in the United States (U.S.). We also investigate whether this association varies by race and ethnicity.MethodsData (N = 5022) come from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a longitudinal and nationally representative cohort of older adults in the U.S. A composite measure of social isolation was used to classify older adults as socially isolated or not socially isolated at baseline. Demographic and health factors were measured at baseline via self‐report. Dementia was measured at each round of data collection. Discrete‐time proportional hazard time‐to‐event models were used to assess the association between social isolation and incident dementia over 9 years (2011–2020).ResultsOf 5022 older adults, 1172 (23.3%) were socially isolated, and 3850 (76.7%) were not socially isolated. Adjusting for demographic and health factors, being socially isolated (vs. not socially isolated) was associated with a 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10–1.49) higher hazard of incident dementia over 9 years. There was no statistically significant difference by race and ethnicity.ConclusionSocial isolation among older adults is associated with greater dementia risk. Elucidating the pathway by which social isolation impacts dementia may offer meaningful insights for the development of novel solutions to prevent or ameliorate dementia across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
Are serum delta neutrophil index and other inflammatory marker levels different in hyperemesis gravidarum?
Authors: Dal Yusuf , Akkuş Fatih , Karagün Şebnem , Çolak Hatun , Coşkun Ayhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimHyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is a condition characterized by nausea and vomiting, fluid electrolyte and acid–base imbalance, dehydration, weight loss, and ketonuria in early pregnancy. The relationship of HEG with inflammation has been studied in many studies. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum delta neutrophil index (DNI), a new inflammatory marker, and other inflammatory markers in demonstrating the disease's presence and severity in HEG patients.Material and MethodThis retrospective study was conducted by accessing the electronic data of 79 pregnant women diagnosed with HEG in a tertiary center between 2017 and 2022 and 100 healthy pregnant women. The demographic characteristics of the study and control groups, as well as the hematological parameters in the complete blood count and the levels of inflammatory markers, were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups regarding hematological parameters, DNI, platelet‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation index (p > 0.05). Neutrophil count and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in the HEG group compared to the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis is the first study to determine the relationship between HEG and serum DNI, a new inflammatory marker. We found that serum DNI values in HEG patients were not different from normal pregnancies and did not reflect the presence and severity of the disease. We also found that inflammatory markers other than the NLR were not different from normal pregnancies in HEG patients.
The molecular basis of odontogenic cysts and tumours
Authors: Gomes Isadora Pereira , Bastos Victor Coutinho , Guimarães Letícia Martins , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe advances in molecular technologies have allowed a better understanding of the molecular basis of odontogenic cysts and tumours. PTCH1 mutations have been reported in a high proportion of odontogenic keratocyst. BRAF p.V600E are recurrent in ameloblastoma and KRAS p.G12V/R in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour, dysregulating the MAPK/ERK pathway. Notably, BRAF p.V600E is also detected in ameloblastic carcinoma, but at a lower frequency than in its benign counterpart ameloblastoma. Recently, adenoid ameloblastoma has been shown to be BRAF wild‐type and to harbour CTNNB1 (β‐catenin gene) mutations, further suggesting that it is not an ameloblastoma subtype. CTNNB1 mutations also occur in other ghost‐cell‐containing tumours, including calcifying odontogenic cysts, dentinogenic ghost cell tumours and odontogenic carcinoma with dentinoid, but the link between CTNNB1 mutations and ghost cell formation in these lesions remains unclear. Regarding mixed tumours, BRAF p.V600E has been reported in a subset of ameloblastic fibromas, ameloblastic‐fibrodentinomas and fibro‐odontomas, in addition to ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. Such mutation‐positivity in a subset of samples can be helpful in differentiating some of these lesions from odontoma, which is BRAF‐wild‐type. Recently, FOS rearrangements have been reported in cementoblastoma, supporting its relationship with osteoblastoma. Collectively, the identification of recurrent mutations in these aforementioned lesions has helped to clarify their molecular basis and to better understand the interrelationships between some tumours, but none of these genetic abnormalities is diagnostic. Since the functional effect of pathogenic mutations is context and tissue‐dependent, a clear role for the reported mutations in odontogenic cysts and tumours in their pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
Probiotic supplementation in neonates and long‐term gut colonisation: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Srinivasjois Ravisha , Gebremedhin Amanuel , Silva Desiree , Rao Shripada , Pereira Gavin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundProbiotic supplementation in the neonatal period results in improved gut colonisation with probiotic bacteria in the short term. There is limited information on the long‐term sustainability of this colonisation.AimsTo evaluate whether oral probiotic supplementation in the neonatal period results in sustained gut colonisation with probiotic bacteria at or beyond 6 months after its cessation.MethodsA systematic review of neonatal probiotic randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported on the stool microbiota during post‐discharge follow‐up was carried out using guidelines of the Cochrane neonatal group.ResultsFour RCTs (n = 605 infants) were included in the review. The studies were heterogeneous in case selection, choice of probiotics, duration of supplementation, timing and the method of stool microbial analysis. Three RCTs (n = 471) showed the presence of intestinal probiotic bacteria at 6‐12 months. The overall certainty of evidence was very low in view of small sample size, heterogeneity and identification only to the genus/species level.ConclusionLow certainty of evidence suggests that probiotic supplementation in the neonatal period may result in sustained gut colonisation 6‐12 months post‐cessation, but not at 24 months. Adequately powered, well‐designed RCTs with strain‐specific assays are needed in this area.
Genome‐phenotype‐environment associations identify signatures of selection in a panmictic population of threespine stickleback
Authors: Strickland Kasha , Räsänen Katja , Kristjánsson Bjarni Kristofer , Phillips Joseph S. , Einarsson Arni , Snorradóttir Ragna G. , Bartrons Mireia , Jónsson Zophonías Oddur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdaptive genetic divergence occurs when selection imposed by the environment causes the genomic component of the phenotype to differentiate. However, genomic signatures of natural selection are usually identified without information on which trait is responding to selection by which selective agent(s). Here, we integrate whole‐genome sequencing with phenomics and measures of putative selective agents to assess the extent of adaptive divergence in threespine stickleback occupying the highly heterogeneous lake Mývatn, NE Iceland. We find negligible genome wide divergence, yet multiple traits (body size, gill raker structure and defence traits) were divergent along known ecological gradients (temperature, predatory bird densities and water depth). SNP based heritability of all measured traits was high (h2 = 0.42–0.65), indicating adaptive potential for all traits. Environment‐association analyses further identified thousands of loci putatively involved in selection, related to genes linked to, for instance, neuron development and protein phosphorylation. Finally, we found that loci linked to water depth were concurrently associated with pelvic spine length variation ‐ supporting the conclusion that divergence in pelvic spine length occurred in the face of gene flow. Our results suggest that whilst there is substantial genetic variation in the traits measured, phenotypic divergence of Mývatn stickleback is mostly weakly associated with environmental gradients, potentially as a result of substantial gene flow. Our study illustrates the value of integrative studies that combine genomic assays of multivariate trait variation with landscape genomics.
Ferrous iron uptake via IRT1/ZIP evolved at least twice in green plants
Authors: Rodrigues Wenderson Felipe Costa , Lisboa Ayrton Breno P. , Lima Joni Esrom , Ricachenevsky Felipe Klein , Del‐Bem Luiz‐Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIron (Fe) is essential for virtually all organisms, being irreplaceable because of its electrochemical properties that enable many biochemical processes, including photosynthesis. Besides its abundance, Fe is generally found in the poorly soluble form of ferric iron (Fe3+), while most plants uptake the soluble form Fe2+. The model angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana, for example, captures Fe through a mechanism that lowers rhizosphere pH through proton pumping that increases Fe3+ solubility, which is then reduced by a membrane‐bound reductase and transported into the cell by the zinc‐regulated, iron‐regulated transporter‐like protein (ZIP) family protein AtIRT1. ZIP proteins are transmembrane transporters of divalent metals such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Cd2+. In this work, we investigated the evolution of functional homologs of IRON‐REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1/ZIP in the supergroup Archaeplastida (Viridiplantae + Rhodophyta + Glaucophyta) using 51 genomes of diverse lineages. Our analyses suggest that Fe is acquired through deeply divergent ZIP proteins in land plants and chlorophyte green algae, indicating that Fe2+ uptake by ZIP proteins evolved independently at least twice throughout green plant evolution. Our results indicate that the archetypical IRON‐REGULATED TRANSPORTER (IRT) proteins from angiosperms likely emerged before the origin of land plants during early streptophyte algae terrestrialization, a process that required the evolution of Fe acquisition in terrestrial subaerial settings.
Morphological Analysis of Fractures of the Proximal Humerus by the Fracture Mapping Technique
Authors: Ren Hanru , Wu Lianghao , Zhang Xu , Jian Zheng , Yi Chengqing 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveFractures of different parts of the proximal humerus may lead to different postoperative functional deficits, but there are few studies on the morphology and related functions of the proximal humerus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture pattern of the proximal humerus by the three‐dimensional (3‐D) fracture mapping technique and to further evaluate its clinical utility.MethodsPatients with proximal humeral fractures admitted to Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, from January 2018 to December 2020, were analyzed. Three surgeons divided the fractures into groups according to the 3‐D CT imaging technique and mapped the fractures on a 3‐D template according to the fracture line of each fracture. Finally, the humeral head inversion angle and the functional score were recorded in different fracture types.ResultsA total of 312 cases of humeral fractures were included. Among them, there were 90 patients (28.8%) in the simple greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity + medial cortex group, with typical fracture features of surgical neck fractures of the humerus + greater tuberosity fractures. Eighty‐seven patients (27.9%) in the greater tuberosity + isolated fragment lesser tuberosity + medial cortex group had typical “four‐part fractures.” There were 45 patients (14.4%) in the greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity + medial isolated fragment group. Moreover, more patients in this group had medial comminution due to varus displacement of the femoral head. There were 66 patients (21.1%) in the isolated greater tuberosity group, 21 patients (6.7%) in the greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity group, and three patients (1.0%) in the greater tuberosity + medial cortex group. In addition, the humeral head inversion angle and other statistical differences were observed in the greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity + medial isolated fragment group.ConclusionsThis morphological study helps to further identify the characteristics of proximal humerus fracture patterns, which may be closely related to different clinical outcomes. Further relevant studies are needed to verify the reliability of their clinical application and the potential value in surgical planning and postoperative functional rehabilitation.
Dextromethorphan premedication in the alleviation of cough during flexible bronchoscopy in adults: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Panigrahi Manoj Kumar , Datta Ananda , Bhuniya Sourin , Bal Shakti Kumar , Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCough is invariably encountered during flexible bronchoscopy despite sedation and topical anaesthetics. The ideal cough suppressant during flexible bronchoscopy is not known. We assessed the role of dextromethorphan premedication in relieving the cough during flexible bronchoscopy in adults.MethodsIn this single‐centre study, we randomized patients aged ≥18 years to receive dextromethorphan syrup 30 ml (90 mg) or an equal volume of placebo 1 h before the procedure. Patients rated their cough severity and discomfort on a visual analogue scale at the end of the procedure. Bronchoscopists also rated cough severity at the end of the procedure.ResultsOut of 112 patients screened, 94 patients (median (interquartile range [IQR]) age 51 (36.25–60.75) years, male: female 2.13:1) were randomized to either the dextromethorphan (n = 47) or placebo (n = 47) groups. The patients‐rated median (IQR) cough scores at the end of the procedure were 15 (10–23) mm in dextromethorphan versus 20 (12–45.5) mm in placebo groups (p = 0.03). Patients‐rated median cough scores at 1 h (5 mm vs. 6 mm, p = 0.21), discomfort scores (12.5 mm vs. 12.5 mm, p = 0.49), and midazolam and lignocaine usage were similar between the two groups. The bronchoscopist‐rated median cough score was non‐significantly lower in the intervention compared to the placebo (26 mm vs. 35 mm, p = 0.09) groups.ConclusionDextromethorphan premedication 1 h before flexible bronchoscopy may have an additive effect on cough suppression under conscious sedation and topical lignocaine. Further trials are needed to reiterate our findings with certainty.
Compositional association of 24‐h movement behavior with incident major adverse cardiac events and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Niemelä Maisa , Kiviniemi Antti , Ikäheimo Tiina M. , Tulppo Mikko , Korpelainen Raija , Jämsä Timo , Farrahi Vahid 
Published: January 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes a high disease burden. Physical activity (PA) reduces CVD morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the relationship between the composition of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep during midlife to the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all‐cause mortality at a 7‐year follow‐up. The study population consisted of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 members who participated in the 46‐year follow‐up in 2012 and were free of MACE (N = 4147). Time spent in MVPA, LPA, and SB was determined from accelerometer data. Sleep time was self‐reported. Hospital visits and deaths were obtained from national registers. Participants were followed until December 31, 2019, or first MACE occurrence (acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, stroke, hospitalization due to heart failure, or death due to CVD), death from another cause, or censoring. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios of MACE incidence and all‐cause mortality. Isotemporal time reallocations were used to demonstrate the dose–response association between time spent in behaviors and outcome. The 24‐h time composition was significantly associated with incident MACE and all‐cause mortality. More time in MVPA relative to other behaviors was associated with a lower risk of events. Isotemporal time reallocations indicated that the greatest risk reduction occurred when MVPA replaced sleep. Higher MVPA associates with a reduced risk of incident MACE and all‐cause mortality after accounting for the 24‐h movement composition and confounders. Regular engagement in MVPA should be encouraged in midlife.
When rock bottom rocks your world: Crisis of belief as a catalyst for change
Authors: Snook Daniel W. , Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Khadeeja Mariam , Abu‐Ali Hana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn experience of severe difficulty can turn the world upside‐down, causing individuals to question important beliefs with which they identify. This phenomenon, which we label as Crisis of Belief (COB), amalgamates the disparate conceptualizations of crisis that exist across several subdisciplines of psychology. Unlike existing ideas of crisis, COB distinguishes itself from stress or trauma alone, and is a clearly specified construct that lends itself to practical operationalization and study. Thus, COB addresses a key gap in literature and offers unique value for understanding how hardship that affects closely held beliefs can catalyze change. We conclude by describing the potential utility of COB as a predictor of both positive (e.g., life satisfaction) and negative (e.g., depression) outcomes and the pressing need for a validated measure.
Education and active labour market policy complementarities in promoting employment: Reinforcement, substitution and compensation
Authors: Plavgo Ilze 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper theorises and empirically assesses how education and active labour market policy (ALMP) relate to each other in shaping individuals' employment chances in Europe. It provides a theoretical base for assessing policy complementarities building on sociological skill‐formation literature, varieties of capitalism and social investment literature. Two hypotheses of complementarity are advanced: reinforcement whereby higher investment in general skills via education boosts ALMP effectiveness; and substitution‐compensation whereby investments in either policy suffice, rendering individual employment chances less dependent on ALMPs at higher (prior) educational investment levels. The advanced theoretical propositions are empirically tested by looking at how individual employment chances are affected by national ALMP efforts conditional on workforce education, distinguishing between individual‐ and national‐level educational attainment. Analyses draw on micro‐level EU‐SILC longitudinal data 2003–2015 from 29 European countries and 285 country‐years applying mixed‐effects dynamic panel regression models. Results highlight the complementarity of education in the functioning of ALMPs and show that the education‐ALMP interplay follows different dynamics when individual or national education are considered, with substitution‐compensation for the former and reinforcement for the latter. Higher individual educational attainment is associated with lower marginal returns from national ALMP efforts, with higher ALMP effectiveness among the lower‐educated. By contrast, higher national educational attainment is associated with increased ALMP effectiveness, with ALMPs tending to be far less effective at low levels of highly educated workforce. Different interaction patterns are observed for youth, indicating increased difficulty in activating this risk group.
Image‐based assessment of plant disease progression identifies new genetic loci for resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato
Authors: Méline Valérian , Caldwell Denise L. , Kim Bong‐Suk , Khangura Rajdeep S. , Baireddy Sriram , Yang Changye , Sparks Erin E. , Dilkes Brian , Delp Edward J. , Iyer‐Pascuzzi Anjali S. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYA major challenge in global crop production is mitigating yield loss due to plant diseases. One of the best strategies to control these losses is through breeding for disease resistance. One barrier to the identification of resistance genes is the quantification of disease severity, which is typically based on the determination of a subjective score by a human observer. We hypothesized that image‐based, non‐destructive measurements of plant morphology over an extended period after pathogen infection would capture subtle quantitative differences between genotypes, and thus enable identification of new disease resistance loci. To test this, we inoculated a genetically diverse biparental mapping population of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with Ralstonia solanacearum, a soilborne pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease. We acquired over 40 000 time‐series images of disease progression in this population, and developed an image analysis pipeline providing a suite of 10 traits to quantify bacterial wilt disease based on plant shape and size. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using image‐based phenotyping for single and multi‐traits identified QTLs that were both unique and shared compared with those identified by human assessment of wilting, and could detect QTLs earlier than human assessment. Expanding the phenotypic space of disease with image‐based, non‐destructive phenotyping both allowed earlier detection and identified new genetic components of resistance.