bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 285: First‐Line Mechanical Thrombectomy Techniques and Clinical Outcomes In Basilar Artery Occlusions With Favorable Collaterals
Authors: Miao C. , Al‐Qudah A. , Katano T. , Doheim M. , Palegar T. , Pillai B. , Rocha M. , Starr M. , Bhatt N. R. , Lang M. , Gross B. , Nogueira R. G. , Al‐Bayati A. R. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been demonstrated to be associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with acute basilar artery occlusions (BAO) compared to medical management. The basilar artery on computed tomography angiography (BATMAN) score provides enhanced collateral prognostic accuracy in BAO patients. This study is aimed to determine if there is a correlation between first line mechanical thrombectomy techniques and subsequent clinical outcomes factoring their baseline BATMAN scoring.

Methods/Materials
We included patients who presented to our comprehensive stroke center between 2014 and 2023 and underwent MT for BAO. This cohort was subsequently divided into two groups based on the BATMAN score (≥7 vs. <7), and further subdivided within each group according to first‐line technique (Contact aspiration vs combined). We compared age, sex, posterior circulation ASPECT score (pc‐ASPECT), admission NIHSS, and mTICI (2b/2c‐3) between groups. Outcomes, including modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality, were assessed for both groups.

Results
Of the 193 patients with BAO who received mechanical thrombectomy, 67 (34.7%) of them were found to have a favorable BATMAN score (>=7). We found that lower arrival NIHSS and higher pc‐ASPECT scores were significantly associated with favorable BATMAN score (p‐values 0.004 and 0.016, respectively). Aspiration only as the first line technique was associated with increased rates of TICI2B‐3 reperfusions compared to combined techniques (aOR 4.86, 95% CI 1.1‐26.3; P‐value 0.044) among patients with BATMAN (>=7). Despite absolute numerical differences in outcomes (mRS 0‐2; 31.7% vs 26.5%, Mortality; 41.3% vs 53.9) suggesting potential disparities between the two groups and their subgroups, these differences did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Aspiration as the first line technique was associated with increased rates of TICI 2b‐3 in patients with BATMAN score >=7. Further studies with larger populations might establish correlation with improved functional outcomes.
Abstract 301: Incidence And Predictors Of First Pass Effect Within 30 Minutes Of Groin Puncture
Authors: Tshimbombu T. N. , Desai S. , Cooper A. , Ducruet A. , Albuquerque F. , Jadhav A. 
Published: January 2025

Title
Incidence And Predictors Of First Pass Effect Within 30 Minutes Of Groin Puncture

Introduction
First pass effect (FPE) is an established metric of success of mechanicalthrombectomy (MT). Recently, FPE within 30 minutes (FPE30) of groin puncture has been definedas a novel metric incorporating time as a dimension. We aim to determine the incidence andpredictors of FPE30 at a comprehensive stroke center (CSC).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed MT data at a CSC. Demographic, clinical, procedural, andradiological data were collected and assessed by an independent interventional neurologist. FPEwas defined as mTICI 2C‐3 after one thrombectomy attempt and FPE30 was defined as FPE within30 minutes of groin puncture. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identifypredictors of FPE30.

Results
Of 274 MT patients, 24.8% had excellent reperfusion (mTICI 2C‐3), and 19.0%experienced FPE. Amongst FPE patients, 82.7% had FPE30 and 17.3% had FPE>30 (FPE but after30 minutes of groin puncture) (Figure). Mean time from puncture to reperfusion in FPE30 cohortwas 18 +/‐13 min and in FPE>30 cohort was 32 +/‐15 min. Age and gender were comparablebetween FPE30 versus FPE>30 groups. Internal carotid occlusions were less common (7% vs.33%, p=0.09) and radial access was more frequent (49% vs. 33%, p=0.4) in the FPE30 whencompared to FPE>30 cohort. Rate if mRS 0‐2 at 90 days was 34.9% in FPE30 and 33.3% inFPE>30 cohort.

Conclusion
First Pass Effect within 30 minutes is observed in a majority of patients experiencedFPE. Predictors of FPE>30 may include internal carotid occlusion and femoral route of access.Further analyses are needed to confirm our findings.
Abstract 387: Readmissions and retreatment among stent‐assisted endovascular coiling patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm using ENTERPRISE®2 Stent versus LVIS™Stent
Authors: Rong Y. , Kottenmeier E. , Khanna R. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Stent‐assisted endovascular coiling is a safe and effective method for treating wide‐necked unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA), which allows for increase in volumetric filling, prevents coil prolapse, and promotes aneurysm thrombosis. The objective of this study was to examine differences in 180‐day inpatient readmissions and retreatment among UIA patients treated with the laser cut nitinol ENTERPRISE® 2 stent versus the braided nitinol LVIS™ stent during endovascular stent assisted coiling procedure.

Methods
Using a U.S. nationwide hospital database, PINC AI Healthcare Database (PHD), UIA patients aged ≥18 years undergoing endovascular coiling procedures were identified and classified into ENTERPRISE® 2 and LVIS™ cohorts based on the stent used. Study outcomes, including 180‐day all‐cause and UIA‐related inpatient readmissions, and UIA‐related retreatment, were compared between the two groups. Inverse probability of treatment weighting of propensity score approach was used to balance covariates (i.e. patient demographic, comorbidity, and hospital characteristics) between the two cohorts. A weighted generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to assess outcomes among the weighted ENTERPRISE® 2 and LVIS™ cohorts.

Results

Based on study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 249 patients were identified, with 130 in the ENTERPRISE® 2 cohort and 119 in the LVIS™ cohort. Baseline patient characteristics were well balanced after weighting. Patients undergoing endovascular stent assisted coiling procedures using ENTERPRISE® 2 had significantly lower rates of 180‐day all‐cause inpatient readmissions compared to those treated with LVIS™ (9.1% vs 24.3%,
p
=0.016; odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12‐0.82,
p
=0.018). Bivariate analysis revealed a significantly lower rate of 180‐day UIA‐specific inpatient readmission among the ENTERPRISE® 2 cohort versus the LVIS™ cohort (2.6% vs 12.4%,
p
=0.036); however, this difference was not significant in GEE analysis (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03‐1.04,
p
=0.056). No significant difference was observed for 180‐day UIA‐related retreatment among the study cohorts (ENTERPRISE® 2 vs LVIS™: 2.6% vs 11.6%,
p
=0.056; OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.03‐1.20,
p
=0.079).

Conclusions:
Patients who were treated with the laser cut ENTERPRISE®2 stent during endovascular coiling were observed to have significantly lower risk of all‐cause and UIA‐related inpatient readmissions compared to those treated with the braided LVIS™ stent. The laser cut form of the ENTERPRISE®2 stent may allow for high strut tension and compression strength making it less likely to be prone to deformation as compared to a braided stent like the LVIS™, which may be associated with the observed differences in readmission rates among the two stents.
Abstract 391: Real‐World Flow Diverter Experience: Imaging Outcomes and Predictors of Aneurysm Occlusion
Authors: Martucci M. , Abdulrazzak M. , Achey R. , Patterson T. , Moore N. , Tsai J. , Bain M. , Hussain M. , Toth G. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Purpose
Flow diverter devices (FDD) are endoluminal stents that have emerged to provide an excellent treatment option for many patients with giant, complex, fusiform and/or wide neck aneurysms. Multiple studies have shown reasonable occlusion rates with FDDs with low morbidity and mortality, but data is scarce on predictors of aneurysm persistent filling after treatment. Our aim was to identify long‐term imaging outcomes with different FDD.

Methods and Materials
Single tertiary care center retrospective analysis, including patients with ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysms, treated with FDD over 7 years.

Results
A total of 398 patients were included in the study. Average age was 56 (+/‐14) years, 82% were female. Most patients were current or prior smokers (53%). About 15% had positive family history and 60% had a history of hypertension. Most aneurysms were incidental and asymptomatic (76.1%); only 25 patients (6.3%) presented with a ruptured aneurysm, and 70 patients (17.6%) had unruptured symptomatic aneurysms (headache in 62%). The most common location was the ophthalmic artery (34%), most were saccular in morphology (79%) and measured <10 mm in size (76%). The most common device used was the Pipeline shield FDD (70%) followed by Surpass Evolve FDD (24%). Most patients (87%) had a follow‐up angiogram between 6 months to 1 year after initial FDD embolization procedure. The average time from intervention to follow‐up imaging was 11.2 months, at which point 70% of patients achieved complete occlusion of the treated aneurysm. Patients who had further follow‐up, had a spontaneous occlusion rate of about 22%. Significant predictors for residual filling included a major artery originating from the aneurysm's neck/dome/fundus, larger aneurysm size (>10 mm) without adjunct coiling, or fusiform morphology.

Conclusion
We confirm previous findings that FDD are a durable treatment for intracranial aneurysms with an excellent occlusion rate. We identified predictors of residual filling after treatment, which can guide treatment decisions for aneurysms with an artery originating from the aneurysm, larger size and fusiform aneurysm type.
Abstract 392: Recurrent ischemic strokes in a patient with ITP, case report and literature review
Authors: Ali A. , Machinetc O. , Husar W. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Purpose
Immune Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune acquired thrombocytopenia caused by autoantibodies against platelet antigens leading to platelet destruction and platelet underproduction. Patients with ITP usually have a higher risk of bleeding compared to the general population, however thrombocytopenia in ITP is not necessarily protective against thrombosis. While the exact pathophysiology of hypercoagulability in ITP is still not fully understood and not enough data in literature guiding stroke management in patients with ITP as the primary stroke risk factor, there are multiple etiologies suggested including inflammation, antiphospholipid antibodies in some patients, or the effects of certain treatments such as glucocorticoids and Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs)

Methods
A single case report, literature review through PubMed

Results
A 65‐year‐old male with a history of unprovoked deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) while on Rivaroxaban presented with worsening headaches and cognitive dysfunction. A CT scan of the head revealed bilateral subacute frontal lobe infarcts with an embolic appearance. Initial laboratory tests showed thrombocytopenia (54,000), and a hypercoagulable workup, including tests for anticardiolipin antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, beta‐2 glycoprotein antibodies, factor V Leiden mutation, and Prothrombin gene mutation, returned negative. A bone marrow biopsy revealed immature megakaryocytes without morphological abnormalities. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms did not show any intracardiac or intrapulmonary shunts, and telemetry monitoring did not detect any arrhythmias. The patient was switched from Rivaroxaban to Warfarin, with an INR target of 2.0‐3.0, and was started on glucocorticoids and Rituximab. Follow‐up showed an improvement in platelet count. Eight months after discharge, the patient experienced a new right pontine infarct; at that time, his INR was 2.34, and a repeat stroke workup was inconclusive. The Warfarin dose was adjusted to achieve an INR target of 2.5‐3.5. Over a subsequent 4‐year follow‐up period, the patient did not experience any additional strokes.

Conclusion
Patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) face an increased risk of stroke, often of cryptogenic origin. While thrombocytopenia in ITP is not protective against thrombosis, it certainly increases the risk of bleeding in individuals on anticoagulant therapy, making management more complex. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for managing stroke in ITP patients particularly who lack conventional stroke

risk factors
Additionally, the potential role of anti‐inflammatory agents, such as glucocorticoids, in reducing stroke risk in this population warrants investigation.
Abstract 435: Timing of Anticoagulation Therapy After Ischemic Stroke: Comparative Outcomes in Early vs. Late Treatment Strategies
Authors: Elsayed M. M. , Elsayed M. , Hamdi Y. , Sorour M. , Farghaly M. , Elshazly H. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
The optimal timing for initiating anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after an ischemic stroke remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study aims to compare the cognitive and functional outcomes of early versus late initiation of anticoagulation therapy in stroke patients with AF, providing insights into the potential benefits of timely intervention.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 300 ischemic stroke patients with confirmed AF who received anticoagulation therapy. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the timing of therapy initiation: the early treatment group, where anticoagulation was started within 24 hours post‐stroke, and the late treatment group, where therapy was initiated beyond 24 hours. Cognitive recovery was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) six months post‐stroke, and functional outcomes were evaluated using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale.

Results
The analysis revealed that patients who received early anticoagulation therapy demonstrated significantly better cognitive outcomes compared to those in the late treatment group. Specifically, MoCA scores were higher in the early group (24.5 ± 3.5 vs. 21.8 ± 4.0, p < 0.01), indicating enhanced cognitive recovery. Additionally, functional assessments showed that patients in the early treatment group had superior ADL scores, reflecting better functional independence six months post‐stroke.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that early initiation of anticoagulation therapy in stroke patients with AF is associated with more favorable cognitive and functional outcomes compared to delayed treatment. The results underscore the importance of timely intervention in improving recovery trajectories for stroke patients at risk of AF‐related complications. These insights highlight the potential benefits of early anticoagulation in enhancing post‐stroke recovery, offering a compelling argument for revisiting current clinical guidelines on the timing of anticoagulation therapy in this patient population.
Abstract 462: Watershed Shift Phenomenon in MCA Occlusion Patient After Direct Revascularization Surgery
Authors: Oh S. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Direct revascularization procedures, such as superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA‐MCA) bypass, are commonly performed to restore cerebral blood flow in patients with intracranial stenosis. While the primary aim of this surgery is to alleviate ischemic symptoms, unexpected post‐operative changes, such as the watershed shift phenomenon, can complicate patient's neurologic recovery and affect neurological outcomes. In this case report we present a case where occurrence of a watershed shift phenomenon in a patient following STA‐MCA bypass surgery, affecting immediate post‐operative neurologic status, requiring post‐surgical management.

Method
A 66‐year‐old male patient presented with a recurrent dysarthria and right side weakness. Patient showed was selected for a STA‐MCA bypass. Pre‐operative imaging (MRI and MRA) indicated compromised blood flow in the distal MCA territory. Direct revascularization surgery was performed, and the performed successfully.

Results
Post‐surgery, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in her neurological function. However, on POD#1, the patient showed sudden dysarthria, and MR diffusion showed acute infarction on Lt temporal lobe. Symptom was relieved shortly after fluid therapy, but on POD#3 patient showed sudden decrease in mentality and MRI showed newly developed signs of hyperperfusion syndrome, which was soon recovered with blood pressure control. On POD #6 patient showed sudden global aphasia and disorientation. Brain CT angiography and perfusion showed good patency of anastomosis site, but decreased CBF, delayed TTD on temporal lobe adjacent to it, which suggested watershed shift phenomenon. Systolic blood pressure was controlled to 160~180mmHg strictly, and patient recovered from global aphasia. Blood pressure was gradually normalized, and patient was discharged without any neurologic sequlae.

Conclusion
In this case we present the importance of monitoring potential watershed shift phenomenon following STA‐MCA bypass surgery. While immediate post‐operative improvements can be expected, neurovascular dynamics should be continuously evaluated to address any unexpected complications that may arise. It is important to keep in mind that such complications may occur in post‐operative patients who underwent direct revascularization surgery.
Dedifferentiation of caudate functional organization is linked to reduced D1 dopamine receptor availability and poorer memory function in aging
Authors: Korkki Saana M. , Johansson Jarkko , Nordin Kristin , Pedersen Robin , Bäckman Lars , Rieckmann Anna , Salami Alireza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Age-related alterations in cortico-striatal function have been highlighted as an important determinant of declines in flexible, higher-order, cognition in older age. However, the mechanisms underlying such alterations remain poorly understood. Computational accounts propose age-related dopaminergic decreases to impoverish neural gain control, possibly contributing to reduced specificity of cortico-striatal circuits, that are modulated by dopamine, in older age. Using multi-modal neuroimaging data (fMRI, PET) from a large lifespan cohort (n = 180), we assessed the relationship between dopamine D1-like receptors (D1DRs) and cortico-striatal function during rest and an n-back working memory task. The results revealed gradual age-related decreases in the specificity of functional coupling between the centrolateral caudate and cortical association networks during both rest and working memory, which, in turn, was associated with poorer short- and long-term memory performance with older age. Critically, reduced D1DR availability in the caudate and the prefrontal cortex predicted less differentiated caudate-cortical coupling across the lifespan, in part accounting for the age-related declines observed on this metric. These findings provide novel empirical evidence for a key role of dopamine in maintaining functional specialization of cortico-striatal circuits as individuals age, bridging with computational models of deficient catecholaminergic neuromodulation underpinning age-related dedifferentiation of brain function.
2. A brief introduction to research design
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Foxcroft David 
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces the foundational principles of research design, emphasizing the interplay between data collection and analysis. It provides an overview of the key concepts in operationalizing theoretical constructs into measurable variables and highlights the different scales of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio—along with the distinctions between continuous and discrete variables. The chapter also delves into assessing the reliability and validity of measurements, defining their roles in ensuring consistent and accurate data collection. Additionally, it explores the roles of variables, distinguishing predictors from outcomes, and provides an understanding of the critical differences between experimental and non-experimental research designs. The focus is on equipping readers with tools to critically evaluate existing research rather than designing studies from scratch.
A significant portion of the chapter is dedicated to potential threats to research validity, including confounders, artefacts, history and maturation effects, and biases such as selection and non-response bias. The chapter also addresses specific challenges like experimenter bias, demand effects, and the complexities of interpreting Likert scale data. It outlines methodologies to mitigate these risks, such as randomization and double-blind designs, while acknowledging the inherent limitations of research studies. Concluding with a discussion of the importance of understanding reliability and validity, the chapter reinforces the necessity of sound research design for producing trustworthy and generalizable findings.
16. Bayesian statistics
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Foxcroft David 
Published: January 2025

Chapter 16 introduces Bayesian statistics as an alternative to the frequentist perspective commonly used in psychology and other scientific disciplines. The chapter begins by critiquing the dominance of frequentist methods, noting their limitations and the challenges they pose for applied research. Bayesian statistics is presented as a framework that prioritises belief revision and rational decision-making, underpinned by clear probabilistic reasoning. The chapter explains the fundamental principles of Bayesian inference, emphasising how prior beliefs, likelihoods, and observed data interact to update our understanding of hypotheses. Through illustrative examples, such as predicting rainfall based on umbrella usage, the chapter demonstrates the intuitive and flexible nature of Bayesian reasoning, culminating in a clear explanation of Bayes’ rule. This foundational knowledge is then applied to hypothesis testing, showing how Bayesian methods enable researchers to quantify evidence in favour of both null and alternative hypotheses, with Bayes factors serving as a robust measure of evidentiary strength.
In the latter sections, the chapter contrasts Bayesian and frequentist approaches, highlighting the interpretive clarity and evidentiary consistency of Bayesian statistics. Practical examples include Bayesian t-tests, demonstrating how this approach provides more cautious and nuanced interpretations compared to orthodox methods. The chapter also discusses the pitfalls of traditional p-values, particularly in scenarios involving data peeking or optional stopping, and argues for Bayesian methods as a more honest and human-aligned approach to statistical inference. By the end, readers are encouraged to critically evaluate their statistical paradigms, with recommendations for further resources to deepen their understanding of Bayesian analysis.