bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of mid-arm circumference for surveillance of obesity in African adolescent girls and adult women
Authors: Nashandi Hilde L. , Monyeki Makama A. , Reilly John J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the validity of mid-arm circumference (MAC), also known as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), for classification of high body fatness in Namibian adolescent girls and women and to test whether classification accuracy of MUAC was higher than the traditional simple proxy for high fatness, the BMI. In 206 adolescent girls aged 13–19 years and 207 adult women aged 20–40 years, we defined obesity conventionally (BMI-for-age Z score ≥ 2·00, adolescents; adults BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) and also defined obesity using published MAC cut-off values. 2H oxide dilution was used to measure total body water (TBW) to define high body fat percentage (≥ 30 % in the adolescents, ≥ 38 % in the adults), and we compared the ability of BMI and MAC to classify high body fatness correctly using sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. In the adolescents, obesity prevalence was 9·2 % (19/206) using BMI-for-age and 63·2 % (131/206) using TBW; sensitivity of BMI-for-age was 14·5 % (95 % CI 9·1, 22·0 %) but was improved significantly using MAC of 22·6 cm (sensitivity 96·9 %; 95 % CI 92·1 %, 99·3 %). In the adults, obesity prevalence was 30·4 % (63/207) using BMI and 57·0 % (118/207) using TBW, and sensitivity of BMI was 52·5 % (95 % CI 43·6, 62·2 %), but using a MAC of 30·6 cm sensitivity was 72·8 % (95 % CI 66·4, 82·6 %). Surveillance of obesity in African adolescent girls and adult women is likely to be improved substantially by use of MAC as an alternative to the BMI-for-age and BMI.
Producing the disciplined English-speaking subjects: Language policing, development ideology, and English medium of instruction policy
Authors: Phyak Prem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes how English medium of instruction (EMI) policy is implemented by disciplining teachers’ and students’ language behaviors in school spaces. I adopt Foucault's (1977) ‘discipline’ to examine how schools exercise disciplinary power to create an English-only environment in multilingual classroom contexts. The data is drawn from an ethnographic study of EMI policies in two Nepali schools. The findings of the study show that schools exercise their disciplinary power through both panoptic and post-panoptic surveillance strategies to police their students’ and teachers’ language practices and punish them for speaking the languages other than English. Such disciplinary power is reinforced by neoliberal development ideology that legitimizes linguistic and symbolic capitals of English. While enforcing EMI policies, schools craft students’ identity as disciplined English-speaking subjects who are perceived to contribute to development ideology. The article discusses some major impacts that sociolinguists can make on transforming unequal EMI language policies and practices. (Discipline, English medium of instruction (EMI), language policing)*
Study on the effect of community legal consciousness health management on cognitive function of senile patients
Authors: Ma Pingyun 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSenile asthenia is an old-age syndrome. Patients have increased vulnerability due to degenerative changes in the body and a variety of chronic diseases. Senile asthenia involves multiple bodily system functions of patients and is a pre-disease state. Its incidence shows an upward trend with the increase in the age. This study takes community health service as the breakthrough point to explore the role of community legal awareness health management in improving the cognitive function of elderly frail patients, hoping to provide references for improving the health level of elderly frail patients.Subjects and Methods660 elderly patients who were hospitalized at our hospital from June to December 2021 were selected as the study objects and were randomly divided into the management intervention group and the general group, with 30 cases each. Both groups of patients were given basic disease treatment and in-hospital rehabilitation guidance, while the management intervention group increased community legal awareness of health management services at community health service stations. The cognitive function of patients was evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The senile weakness, cognitive function score, and quality of life of the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed.ResultsIt can be seen from the comparison of the cognitive function scores of the two groups of patients that the cognitive function level of the management intervention group is significantly higher than that of the conventional group. The cognitive function score of the management intervention group after treatment is 26.46±2.39 points, and that of the conventional group after treatment is 23.58±2.41 points. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.05). As shown in Table 1.Table 1.MMSE scores of two groups of patients before and after treatmentModeManagement intervention groupGeneral grouptPBefore treatment22.54±2.3722.56±2.291.305>0.05After treatment26.46±2.3923.58±2.416.398<0.05t6.4542.743--P<0.05>0.05--ConclusionsCarrying out community legal awareness health management services can effectively improve the cognitive function level of the elderly and weak patients, and promote the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly and weak patients. Publicizing legal awareness to the elderly and weak patients and carrying out community health and health management services can help the elderly and weak patients solve their life problems in time. Legal awareness management education with disease prevention and health education can promote cognitive function training and improvement of the elderly and weak patients.
A Study on the improving effect of ancient Chinese poetry on depression — A case study of Dongpo Ci
Authors: Sun Chunli , Liu Hongzhong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundIn today’s society, the prevalence of depression in China is increasing year by year. It will not only affect the quality of life of patients but also endanger their lives. The generation of depression is inseparable from long-term negative emotions, which are the feedback of deep mental and spiritual problems. Therefore, the exploration of depression should not be limited to the physiological and genetic levels, and it is also closely related to the traditional social culture. The ancient Chinese culture has an important enlightenment on the regulation of depression. For instance, Dongpo’s poems, with a bold and uninhibited style, conveys the poet’s optimistic and open-minded mood and enables readers to immerse themselves in a positive mood. Therefore, this experiment aims to explore the improvement effect of Dongpo’s poems on patients’ depression.Subjects and MethodsIn the experiment, 34 students with depression screened by psychological tests in two universities were selected as the research objects, and they were equally divided into the experimental group (17) and the control group (17). The students in the control group were given general psychological counseling and care. On this basis, the students in the experimental group organized a weekly Dongpo word evaluation and exchange meeting, each lasting 90 minutes. The effect of depression was evaluated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the results were observed 8 weeks later.ResultsTable 1 shows the improvement effect of depression of the two groups of students. It can be seen from the data in the table that the depression of 34 students has improved to some extent. Among them, the HAMD score and SDS score of students in the experimental group decreased significantly after the Dongpo poems intervention, and their scores were lower than those of the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant.Table 1.Comparison of HAMD and SDS scores between the two groups before and after intervention ($ \overline{x}\pm s $)GaugeGroupBefore InterventionAfter InterventiontPHAMDExperimental group37.38±3.6515.22±2.983.6120.001Control group37.67±3.7223.33±2.43SDSExperimental group80.12±7.6563.21±5.725.1320.001Control group81.22±6.6571.01±5.63ConclusionsLong-term depression easily turns into depression, which is very likely to cause depression and seriously endanger life and health. People should keep a good positive mood and avoid depression. This experiment verified that Dongpo poems had a positive effect on improving negative emotions because of its open-minded and positive values. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the positive impact of ancient Chinese poetry on patients when exploring depression.
Intervention strategies for separation disorder of nursing staff in sudden infectious public health events
Authors: Tan Haiyan , Gu Donghu 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSeparability disorder is also called hysteria, and its main manifestations are separation symptoms and conversion symptoms. Patients often have symptoms such as acute stress disorder and traumatic stress disorder. Infectious public health emergencies are unpredictable and have a wide range of impacts. In such cases, nurses are faced with intensive work, and their mental health is greatly damaged. What’s more, it will cause psychological diseases such as acute stress disorder and traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, it is necessary to organize psychological experts to form intervention teams and establish perfect intervention procedures so as to pay attention to the psychological health of nursing staff and to track and evaluate their psychological status.Subjects and MethodsThe experiment randomly selected 46 nursing staff with dissociative disorder in sudden public health events, and divided them into an experimental group (23) and a control group (23). The patients in the observation group were given routine nursing care, and the experimental group added a team of psychological experts to intervene on this basis. During the intervention, attention should be paid to the construction of a good atmosphere and the maintenance of indoor lighting, temperature, humidity, and another comfortable physical environment. After 2 months of the experiment, the SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were observed.ResultsTable 1 shows the comparison of SAS (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) scores and SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale) scores of patients with dissociative disorder in two groups of public health emergencies before and after the intervention. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention of the psychological experts, the scores of the two groups decreased, indicating that the patient’s condition had improved. However, the psychological status of patients in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Table 1.Comparison of SAS and SDS scores between two groups before and after intervention ($ \overline{x}\pm s $)GroupSASSDSBefore InterventionAfter InterventionBefore InterventionAfter InterventionExperimental group46.38±3.2532.72±3.9847.23±3.2434.36±4.21Control group47.02±3.0543.51±4.6348.13±4.0345.65±5.13P>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05ConclusionsNursing staff in public health emergencies are prone to suffer from separation disorder due to the particularity of their occupation. Therefore, based on the topic of psychological health of nursing staff, the experiment proposed the method of establishing a team of psychological experts to intervene in the psychological health of front-line nursing staff. The final experimental results show that this method can indeed improve the probability of separation disorder among nursing staff.
Effect of music therapy based on traditional Chinese musical instruments on fine motor development of patients with mental retardation
Authors: Zhao Ran 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMental retardation is a kind of mental disorder in which the intelligence of the patient is lower than that of children of the same age before maturity, which is specifically manifested as difficulties in social adaptation and sports ability defects. Music therapy establishes a good therapeutic relationship through music experience, without obvious toxic side effects. Therefore, the study used traditional Chinese musical instruments to intervene in patients with mental retardation and explore the therapeutic effect on fine motor development.Subjects and MethodsThe 68 children with mental retardation who came to our hospital from February 2019 to June 2020 were selected and included in the study according to their compliance and the principle of parental voluntariness. Then, 68 children’s fine motor development quotient and original scores of fine motor test items were evaluated and recorded by Peabody Motor Development Scale. The patients were given music therapy with Chinese traditional instruments and music playing, three times a week. After 12 weeks of treatment, they were evaluated again with Peabody Motor Development Scale.ResultsTable 1 shows the comparison of children’s fine motor scores and development quotient before and after music therapy. The results showed that the fine motor of the children improved significantly after treatment, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001).Table 1.Comparison of fine motor score and development quotient of children before and after music therapyProjectGrasping abilityVisual motor integrationFine motor development quotientBefore treatment27.76±3.3850.61±9.6354.78±4.72After treatment31.18±3.7558.41±8.5658.71±5.13t5.5864.9924.649P0.000.000.00ConclusionsMental retardation is a kind of mental disorder that endangers the healthy growth of children. The study used music therapy of traditional Chinese musical instruments to treat patients with mental retardation. The results showed that the method effectively improved the fine motor function of children and had certain clinical application value.
Ranking Candidates in Local Elections: Neither Panacea nor Catastrophe for Candidates of Color
Authors: Crowder-Meyer Melody , Gadarian Shana Kushner , Trounstine Jessica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectoral rules can affect who wins and who loses elections. Most cities select office holders through plurality rule, but an alternative, ranked-choice voting (RCV), has become increasingly popular. RCV requires voters to rank candidates, instead of simply selecting their most preferred candidate. Observers debate whether RCV will cure a variety of electoral ills or undermine representation. We test the effect of RCV on voter’s choices and perceptions of representation using survey experiments with large, representative samples of respondents. We find that candidates of color are significantly penalized in both plurality and RCV elections, with no significant difference between the rule types. However, providing respondents with candidates’ partisan affiliation significantly increases support for candidates of color.
“Mixed Reality” in patient education prior to abdominal	aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Hatzl Johannes , Hartmann Niklas , Böckler Dittmar , Henning Daniel , Peters Andreas , Meisenbacher Katrin , Uhl Christian 
Published: March 2023

Summary: Background: To investigate the usability of Mixed-Reality (MR) during patient education in patients scheduled for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Patients and methods: Consecutive patients scheduled for elective AAA repair were block-randomized in either the Mixed-Reality group (MR group) or the conventional group (control group). Patients of both groups were educated about open and endovascular repair of their respective AAA. The MR group was educated using a head-mounted display (HMD) demonstrating a three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of the respective patient’s vascular anatomy. The control group was educated using a conventional two-dimensional monitor to display the patient’s vasculature. Outcomes were informational gain as well as patient satisfaction with the educational process. (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025174). Results: 50 patients were included with 25 patients in either group. Both groups demonstrated improvements in scores in the Informational Gain Questionnaire (IGQ) when comparing pre- and post-education scores. (MR group: 6.5 points (±1.8) versus 7.9 points (±1.5); Control group: 6.2 points (±1.8) versus 7.6 points (±1.6); p<0.01) There was no significant difference between the MR group and the control group either in informational gain (MR group: 1.4±1.8; Control group: 1.4±1.8; p=0.5) nor in patient satisfaction scores (MR group: mean 18.3 of maximum 21 points (±3.7); Control group: mean 17 of 21 points (±3.6); p=0.1) Multiple regression revealed no correlation between the use of MR and informational gain or patient satisfaction. Usability of the system was rated high, and patients’ subjective assessment of MR was positive. Conclusions: The use of MR in patient education of AAA patients scheduled for elective repair is feasible. While patients reported positively on the use of MR in education, similar levels of informational gain and patient satisfaction can be achieved with MR and conventional methods.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation Modulates the Relationship Between Pacific Meridional Mode and Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Chao , Fu Meiling , Wang Bin , Wu Liguang , Luo Jing‐Jia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPacific Meridional Mode (PMM) is known to be significantly correlated with tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP), while the stability of their relationship remains unknown. Here we found that their relationship is nonstationary, which depends on the phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). During the PDO warm phases, the PMM‐emanated cyclonic circulation and ascending motion can propagate to the entire WNP due to the enhanced background convection. In contrast, during the PDO cold phases, the PMM‐resulted cyclonic circulation and ascending motion are confined to the eastern WNP, while the compensated descending motion prevails in the western WNP. Accordingly, the PMM‐induced consistent (inconsistent) changes in large‐scale conditions across the western and eastern WNP act to strengthen (weaken) the relationship between the PMM and WNP TC genesis during the PDO warm (cold) phases. The result provides further guidance for improving seasonal prediction of TC genesis.
Groundwater Volume Loss in Mexico City Constrained by InSAR and GRACE Observations and Mechanical Models
Authors: Khorrami Mohammad , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Ghobadi‐Far Khosro , Werth Susanna , Carlson Grace , Zhai Guang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGroundwater withdrawal can cause localized and rapid poroelastic subsidence, spatially broad elastic uplift of low amplitude, and changes in the gravity field. Constraining groundwater loss in Mexico City, we analyze data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its follow‐on mission (GRACE/FO) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel‐1A/B images between 2014 and 2021. GRACE/FO observations yield a groundwater loss of 0.85–3.87 km3/yr for a region of ∼300 × 600 km surrounding Mexico City. Using the high‐resolution interferometric SAR data set, we measure >35 cm/yr subsidence within the city and up to 2 cm/yr of uplift in nearby areas. Attributing the long‐term subsidence to poroelastic aquifer compaction and the long‐term uplift to elastic unloading, we apply respective models informed by local geology, yielding groundwater loss of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr. Our results suggest Mexico City aquifers have been depleting at faster rates since 2015, exacerbating the socioeconomic and health impacts of long‐term groundwater overdrafts.
Coral Record of Increased Soil Erosion Since East and Southeast Asia Economic Boom
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Zeng Zhen , Liu Yi , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Sun Ruoyu , Chang Ching‐Chih , Sun Weidong , Yu Hui‐Min , Huang Fang , Wu Chung‐Che , Yu Tsai‐Luen , Huang Chun‐Yuan , Chiang Hong‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSoil erosion in East and Southeast Asia is believed to have increased significantly since the regional economic boom of the 1970s–1980s. However, limited records of soil erosion make it difficult to understand and indeed verify such changes. Here we present two new monthly resolved Ba/Ca records from Porites coral skeletons from southern Taiwan and central Vietnam, supplemented with some sporadic monthly and annually resolved coral δ138/134Ba data. Our records span the 1980s to the 2000s and suggest that there were intervals of elevated seawater Ba concentrations (Basw) during the intervals 1987–1995 in southern Taiwan and 1992–2001 in central Vietnam. In combination with evidence for insignificant changes in regional seawater δ138/134Ba values, model simulations, and other published coral Ba/Ca records from Lanyu (offshore southeast Taiwan) and Hainan, we infer that the intervals of high Basw values are linked to soil erosion associated with land use changes and socioeconomic developments. The increased sediment loads are also likely responsible for the recent degradation of regional coral reefs. Our study provides new insights into regional soil erosion histories, which may prove useful for guiding soil conservation and sustainable land management.
Mars Global Surveyor's Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Wide‐Angle Images (1999–2006): 2. Data Investigation Into North Polar Hood Formation, Broad Brightness Changes in Acidalia, and Seasonal Frost in Hellas
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMars Orbiter Camera Wide Angle images were taken from late 1999 through most of 2006, in both red and blue, providing nearly daily, nearly global coverage of Mars for approximately four Mars Years. Significant work has been published from those data, but there did not exist in a public archive a uniform, full time series of the processed data for easier analysis. The companion work to this (Robbins, 2023a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002673) presents that processing and quality control of the data, producing the full time series in both colors, in equirectangular and polar stereographic projections, in mosaics that have been binned into four different time intervals (daily, ΔLs = 2°, 5°, and 10° [≈4 through 19 days]) and as approximately true‐color composites. The multidimensional data set can be mined for surface and atmospheric variations on Mars. To demonstrate agreement with past work, several well‐known trends are demonstrated in a review‐style narrative format in Supporting Information S1, including changes after a global dust storm, seasonal frost variations at the poles, and surface variations. The data are analyzed further in the main text to demonstrate new qualitative and quantitative analyses of atmospheric and surface features: the North Polar Hood can form earlier than previously demonstrated, Acidalia has significant seasonal brightness variations that can be quantified, and the seasonal frost deposition and sublimation of Hellas can be quantified and shown to vary from year‐to‐year. These different investigations represent a small slice of what can be done now that these data are made available and easily accessible.