bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared and distinct patterns of genetic structure in two sympatric large decapods
Authors: Ellis Charlie D. , MacLeod Kirsty L. , Jenkins Tom L. , Rato Lénia D. , Jézéquel Youenn , Pavičić Mišo , Díaz David , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimComparing genetic structure in species with shared spatial ranges and ecological niches can help identify how dissimilar aspects of biology can shape differences in population connectivity. Similarly, where species are widely distributed across heterogeneous environments and major topographic barriers, knowledge of the structuring of populations can help reveal the impacts of factors which limit dispersal and/or drive divergence, aiding conservation management.LocationEuropean seas of the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean.TaxaEuropean clawed lobster (Homarus gammarus) and European crawfish (Palinurus elephas), two sympatric, heavily fished decapods with extensive dispersal potential.MethodsBy RAD‐sequencing 214 H. gammarus from 32 locations and 349 P. elephas from 15 locations, we isolated 6340 and 7681 SNP loci, respectively. Using these data to characterise contemporary population structuring, we investigate potential spatial and environmental drivers of genomic heterogeneity.ResultsWe found higher levels of differentiation among clawed lobsters than crawfish, both globally and within basins, and demonstrate where known hydrographic and topographic barriers generate shared patterns of divergence, such as a genetic break between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. Genetic structure not common to both species is principally apparent in the Atlantic portions of their range, where clawed lobster exhibits a genetic cline and increased differentiation towards range margins, while crawfish appear effectively panmictic throughout this region.Main ConclusionsWe attribute the comparative lack of crawfish population structuring to their greater dispersal tendencies via a longer pelagic larval duration and sporadic adult movements. In contrast, genetic connectivity in clawed lobster is relatively restricted, with the correlation of site of origin and temperature to geographical heterogeneity at many divergent loci indicative of both neutral and adaptive processes. Our results help inform how contemporary management can account for likely demographic connectivity and marry the conservation of genomic variation with sustainable fisheries in these ecologically and economically important crustaceans.
Ecology, sexual dimorphism, and jumping evolution in anurans
Authors: Juarez Bryan H. , Moen Daniel S. , Adams Dean C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSexual dimorphism (SD) is a common feature of animals, and selection for sexually dimorphic traits may affect both functional morphological traits and organismal performance. Trait evolution through natural selection can also vary across environments. However, whether the evolution of organismal performance is distinct between the sexes is rarely tested in a phylogenetic comparative context. Anurans commonly exhibit sexual size dimorphism, which may affect jumping performance given the effects of body size on locomotion. They also live in a wide variety of microhabitats. Yet the relationships among dimorphism, performance, and ecology remain underexamined in anurans. Here, we explore relationships between microhabitat use, body size, and jumping performance in males and females to determine the drivers of dimorphic patterns in jumping performance. Using methods for predicting jumping performance through anatomical measurements, we describe how fecundity selection and natural selection associated with body size and microhabitat have likely shaped female jumping performance. We found that the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism (where females are about 14% larger than males) was much lower than dimorphism in muscle volume, where females had 42% more muscle than males (after accounting for body size). Despite these sometimes‐large averages, phylogenetic t‐tests failed to show the statistical significance of SD for any variable, indicating sexually dimorphic species tend to be closely related. While SD of jumping performance did not vary among microhabitats, we found female jumping velocity and energy differed across microhabitats. Overall, our findings indicate that differences in sex‐specific reproductive roles, size, jumping‐related morphology, and performance are all important determinants in how selection has led to the incredible ecophenotypic diversity of anurans.
Enrichment of sourdough bread with hazelnut skin, cross‐linked starch, or oxidized starch for improvement of nutritional quality
Authors: Durmus Yusuf , Whitney Kristin , Anil Munir , Simsek Senay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHealth concerns led to a shift toward the consumption of high dietary fiber bread. Additionally, climate change and supply chain concerns have led to the investigation of new sources of fiber utilizing waste products or co‐products of various crops, such as hazelnuts. The utilization of hazelnut skin also presents a value‐adding opportunity for hazelnut producers and processors. This research aims to investigate hazelnut skin as a dietary fiber source and to enhance the nutritional quality of sourdough bread with cross‐linked and oxidized starches. The in vitro starch digestibility significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with the addition of hazelnut skin at 5% and 10%. Sourdough bread with cross‐linked or oxidized starch had significantly (p < 0.05) higher slowly digestible starch and resistant starch contents and significantly (p < 0.05) lower estimated glycemic index (eGI). The addition of hazelnut skin caused a gradual increase in the dietary fiber content of sourdough bread. Oxidized starch significantly (p < 0.05) increased the soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. This study demonstrated that the hazelnut and modified starches positively affected the nutritional composition of sourdough bread, and starch‐phenolic‐fiber interactions might take place in bread‐making. The benefits gained from the enrichment of fiber in sourdough bread with hazelnut skin can support this as a high value ingredient in baking.Practical ApplicationsReducing waste is essential for food processing industries across the supply chain. Companies utilizing hazelnuts that wish to increase sustainability and reduce their carbon footprint will need to show how their suppliers are reducing waste. Positive interactions were observed between hazelnut skin and modified starch that enhanced nutritional quality of sourdough bread. This study shows the benefits of waste reduction in the food industry and how we can turn waste products into highly functional dietary components.
Impact of gas ultrafine bubbles on the efficacy of antimicrobials for eliminating fresh and aged Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on dairy processing surfaces
Authors: Unger Phoebe , Sekhon Amninder Singh , Sharma Sonali , Lampien Alexander , Michael Minto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrafine bubbles (UFB) are a novel concept that has the potential to enhance the potency of antimicrobials to eliminate biofilms. This study investigated the impact of incorporating gas (air, CO2, and N2) UFB on the potency of chlorine (Cl2; 50, 100, and 200 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA; 20, 40, and 80 ppm) antimicrobial (AM) solutions against fresh (3 days) and aged (30 days) Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polypropylene, silicone, and stainless steel surfaces. Listeria monocytogenes biofilms were statically grown on polypropylene, silicone, and stainless steel coupons (7.62 × 2.54 cm) at 25°C for 3 or 30 days, by immersing in a three‐strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The coupons were treated by submerging in AM solutions with or without UFB for 1 min, then swabbed into Dey‐Engley neutralizing broth and enumerated on BHI agar. Incorporation of air, CO2, and N2 UFB in AM solutions resulted in significantly increased log reductions (0.4–1.5 logs) of fresh and aged L. monocytogenes biofilms on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces, whereas incorporation of CO2 UFB in AM solutions resulted in ~1 log greater reductions of fresh and aged L. monocytogenes biofilms on silicone surfaces compared with AM solutions without UFB. This study also demonstrated that 200 ppm Cl2 was most effective against fresh and aged L. monocytogenes biofilms on polypropylene, silicone, and stainless steel surfaces compared with 50 ppm Cl2, 20 ppm PAA, and 40 ppm PAA.
Development and initial psychometric properties of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale‐Intellectual Disability version
Authors: Scior K. , Patel M. , Goldsmith‐Sumner A. , Hayden N. , Lee J. Y. , Lunsky Y. , Osborne M. , Richardson L. , Stewart‐Brown S. , Hastings R. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS; Tennant et al., 2007) is yet to be validated in the intellectual disability (ID) population. The aim of this study was to report the development process and assess the psychometric properties of a newly adapted version of the WEMWBS and the Short WEMWBS for individuals with mild to moderate IDs (WEMWBS‐ID/SWEMWBS‐ID).MethodThe WEMWBS item wordings and response options were revised by clinicians and researchers expert in the field of ID, and a visual aid was added to the scale. The adapted version was reviewed by 10 individuals with IDs. The measure was administered by researchers online using screenshare, to individuals aged 16+ years with mild to moderate IDs. Data from three UK samples were collated to evaluate the WEMWBS‐ID (n = 96). A subsample (n = 22) completed the measure again 1 to 2 weeks later to assess test–retest reliability, and 95 participants additionally completed an adapted version of the adapted Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale to examine convergent validity. Additional data from a Canadian sample (n = 27) were used to evaluate the SWEMWBS‐ID (n = 123).ResultsThe WEMWBS‐ID demonstrated good internal consistency (ω = 0.77–0.87), excellent test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .88] and good convergent validity with the self‐esteem scale (r = .48–.60) across samples. A confirmatory factor analysis for a single factor model demonstrated an adequate fit. The SWEMWBS‐ID showed poor to good internal consistency (ω = 0.36–0.74), moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = .67) and good convergent validity (r = .48–.60) across samples, and a confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit for a single factor structure.ConclusionsThe WEMWBS‐ID and short version demonstrated promising psychometric properties, when administered virtually by a researcher. Further exploration of the scales with larger, representative samples is warranted.
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among individuals with intellectual disability in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran
Authors: Omidian M. , Shahrbabak F. Z. , Pouryousef A. , Turki H. , Sarkari B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with mental defects are more likely to get the infection due to their low levels of health care and personal hygiene. The current study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among individuals with intellectual disabilities in Hormozgan province, southern Iran.MethodsThe study population was 117 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Venous blood (3 mL) was taken from each subject. A commercial ELISA kit was used to determine anti‐Toxoplasma IgG antibodies.ResultsOf 117 recruited subjects, 55 (47.0%) were men and 62 (53.0%) were women. The mean age of participants was 27.6 (±12.31) years. Out of 117 studied subjects, 76 had severe and 41 had profound intellectual disabilities. Anti‐Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were detected in the sera of 35 out of 117 (29.9%) individuals. Seropositivity to toxoplasmosis was significantly higher in severe than in individuals with profound intellectual disabilities (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between Toxoplasma infection and age, sex and duration of residency in the rehabilitation centre.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of Toxoplasma in people with intellectual disabilities is not much different from other groups of the community.
Butyrylcholinesterase in lipid metabolism: A new outlook
Authors: Gok Muslum , Cicek Cigdem , Bodur Ebru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCholinesterase enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are traditionally associated with the termination of acetylcholine mediated neural signaling. The fact that these ubiquitous enzymes are also found in tissues not involved in neurotransmission has led to search for alternative functions for these enzymes. Cholinesterases are reported to be involved in many lipid related disease states. Taking into view that lipases and cholinesterases belong to the same enzyme class and by comparing the catalytic sites, we propose a new outlook on the link between BChE and lipid metabolism. The lipogenic substrates of BChE that have recently emerged in contrast to traditional cholinesterase substrates are explained through the hydrolytic capacity of BChE for ghrelin, 4‐methyumbelliferyl (4‐mu) palmitate, and arachidonoylcholine and through endogenous lipid mediators such as cannabinoids like anandamide and essential fatty acids. The abundance of BChE in brain, intestine, liver, and plasma, tissues with active lipid metabolism, supports the idea that BChE may be involved in lipid hydrolysis. BChE is also regulated by various lipids such as linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid or dioctanoylglycerol, whereas AChE is inhibited. The finding that BChE is able to hydrolyze 4‐mu palmitate at a pH where lipases are less efficient points to its role as a backup in lipolysis. In diseases such as Alzheimer, in which elevated BChE and impaired lipid levels are observed, the lipolytic activity of BChE might be involved. It is possible to suggest that fatty acids such as 4‐mu palmitate, ghrelin, arachidonoylcholine, essential fatty acids, and other related lipid mediators regulate cholinesterases, which could lead to some sort of compensatory mechanism at high lipid concentrations.image
Characterisation and automated quantification of induced seizure‐related behaviours in Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Authors: Panthi Sandesh , Chapman Phoebe A. , Szyszka Paul , Beck Caroline W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEpilepsy, a clinical diagnosis characterised by paroxysmal episodes known as seizures, affects 1% of people worldwide. Safe and patient‐specific treatment is vital and can be achieved by the development of rapid pre‐clinical models of for identified epilepsy genes. Epilepsy can result from either brain injury or gene mutations, and can also be induced chemically. Xenopus laevis tadpoles could be a useful model for confirmation of variants of unknown significance found in epilepsy patients, and for drug re‐purposing screens that could eventually lead to benefits for patients. Here, we characterise and quantify seizure‐related behaviours in X. laevis tadpoles arrayed in 24‐well plates. To provoke acute seizure behaviours, tadpoles were chemically induced with either pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP). To test the capacity to adapt this method for drug testing, we also exposed induced tadpoles to the anti‐seizure drug valproate (VPA). Four induced seizure‐like behaviours were described and manually quantified, and two of these (darting, circling) could be accurately detected automatically, using the video analysis software TopScan. Additionally, we recorded swimming trajectories and mean swimming velocity. Automatic detection showed that either PTZ or 4‐AP induced darting behaviour and increased mean swimming velocity compared to untreated controls. Both parameters were significantly reduced in the presence of VPA. In particular, darting behaviour was a shown to be a sensitive measure of epileptic seizure activity. While we could not automatically detect the full range of seizure behaviours, this method shows promise for future studies since X. laevis is a well‐characterised and genetically tractable model organism.image
Efficacy of topical vitamin C in melasma and photoaging: A systematic review
Authors: Correia Gabriela , Magina Sofia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitamin C is a micronutrient present in high concentrations in normal skin and a highly prescribed cosmeceutical, well known for protecting against ultraviolet‐induced pigmentation and regulating collagen production. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the efficacy of topical vitamin C in photoaging and melasma, with this systematic review being the first to assess the existing evidence.AimThis systematic review aims to assess whether topical vitamin C could be effective in reversing photoaging signs and treating melasma.MethodsProspective, randomized controlled trials assessing protocols with topically applied vitamin C in patients with melasma or photodamage were searched in Medline, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases until the 12th of May 2022. Risk of bias was conducted in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials, using RevMan 5.0.ResultsSeven publications were included, with 139 volunteers in total. Studies that evaluated the topography of skin indicated that the treated skin appeared smoother and less wrinkled, which was supported by biopsies data. On objective assessments of pigmentation, there was a significant lightening of the skin treated. Hydration improved equally in the vitamin C and placebo‐treated sites.ConclusionsThis study revealed that vitamin C is effective in treating uneven, wrinkled skin and has depigmenting properties, but long‐term use may be needed to achieve noticeable changes. Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser‐associated protocols appear beneficial in enhancing vitamin C effects. Topical vitamin C may be a suitable alternative for melasma and photoaging, but more studies are needed to confirm these results and assess the ideal vitamin C concentration.
Effect of pdo facelift threads on facial skin tissues: An ultrasonographic analysis
Authors: Lots Telma Cerbino Cintra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies demonstrate that PDO threads, after being introduced into the facial skin, provide benefits due to collagen formation around the thread and improved vascularization.AimsThis work aims to report the ultrasound and photographic follow‐up after the execution of the facelift thread technique, thus evaluating the anti‐aging treatment that PDO threads will provide for human facial skin.MethodsThe facelift will be performed using PDO thread 18G cannulated Sculpt i‐ Thread FML 100 × 185 mm, and 29G PDO thread Needled Flat i‐Thread 38 × 50 mm. A total of 10 patients were selected for the study; all of them had medium‐grade facial ptosis and aged 40–50 years old. In order to control tissue changes after thread, insertion ultrasound measurements will be made with Philips ultrasound 12 MHz linear probe at maximum resolution, initial evaluations and control of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days, measuring the skin layers: epidermis\dermis and hypodermis. Photographic control was performed before and after 120 days of intrusion of the PDO threads.ResultsThe formation of collagen around the PDO thread was evidenced through ultrasound images in all patients in this study, as well as improvement in the appearance of the skin and sagging, evaluated by photographic control.ConclusionsWe can define that the PDO threads used for the facelift are effective in the formation of collagen around the thread (observed through the increase in the dermal layer), and improvement of the condition of the anti‐aging factor through sagging skin, vascularization and thinning of the superficial fat layer (observed through the reduction of the subcutaneous or hypodermis layer).
Factors associated with reproductive concerns among young female patients with colorectal cancer: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Wenxia , Liu Aihong , Zhang Meifen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of reproductive concerns among young female patients with colorectal cancer and explore the associated factors.BackgroundWith the trend of longer survival and younger age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients, reproductive concerns have become increasingly prevalent among young female colorectal cancer patients.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsThe study included 150 young female patients with colorectal cancer who completed cancer treatment at 2 hospitals in Guangzhou, China, between November 2020 and December 2021 completed an investigation comprising A general questionnaire, The Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale, The Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II and unmet fertility information needs questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors that influence reproductive concerns. This study was prepared and is reported according to the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe mean (SD) score on the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale was 54.78 ± 8.97. The highest score was for the children's health subscale (3.84 ± .92) and the lowest was for acceptance (2.24 ± .70). Multiple regression analysis showed that patients with fewer children, female children, lower education level (less than undergraduate degree), earlier disease stage, lower family function and higher unmet need for fertility information had more reproductive concerns, which explained 26.9% of the total variation of the model.ConclusionsThe patients with fewer children, female children, low cultural degree (less than bachelor), early clinical patients, poorer family function and higher unmet fertility information needs had higher reproductive concerns.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings can guide the development of interventions to mitigate reproductive concerns, including understand and meet their fertility information needs, improve the level of family function.Patient or public contributionSurvey questionnaires were completed by participants among young female with colorectal cancer in this study.
Acquisition Relatedness in Family Firms: Do the Environment and the Institutional Context Matter?
Authors: Pinelli Michele , Chirico Francesco , De Massis Alfredo , Zattoni Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch on the acquisition behaviour of family firms has produced conflicting theoretical arguments and mixed empirical findings on their propensity to acquire related or unrelated targets. While previous work has mainly focused on firm‐level variables, this study examines the environment in which family firms operate and the institutional context where acquisitions take place. Drawing on the mixed gambles logic of the behavioural agency model, we theorize that family firms are more likely than nonfamily firms to undertake related acquisitions when they operate in uncertain environments to avoid losses to the family's current socioemotional wealth. However, family firms are more likely to undertake unrelated acquisitions, when the environment is uncertain but the target operates in a similar and more developed institutional context where prospective financial gains are more predictable. Overall, building on a sample of 1014 international acquisitions, our study offers important contributions to the literature on family firms and acquisitions.