bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of Barium Studies in an Era of Cross-Sectional Imaging in a Low Resource Economy
Authors: E.S Osho , J.I Fatukasi , S.O Oyamakinde , A.O Ogunsemoyin , A.O Bello 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The demand for barium tests has steadily decreased since the development of contemporary imaging technology, for a variety of reasons, in the current era of cancer. It is crucial to note right now that barium exams will never be unnecessary. Barium exams have largely been superseded by a number of advanced imaging modalities in recent years, including high resolution ultrasonography, endoscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and defecography. Barium swallows still outperform endoscopy, manometry, and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring in the assessment of motility issues, sub-mucosal lesions, and extrinsic pathology even though these diagnostic techniques are equally helpful in the evaluation of esophageal illnesses. The target is to maintain the traditional barium study method for the patient's benefit and proper care, as well as to keep it alive. The objective is to safeguard barium radiology for the high standard of patient care rather than to "save" barium exams only to maintain this technology. The main aim of this study is to review the various forms of barium studies
Methodology: Relevant databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase to search for literature related to barium studies and cross sectional imaging were used for this study. Search strategy including keywords related to barium studies, cross-sectional imaging and low resource economies. This may include terms such as barium swallow, barium meal, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging.
Findings: Conventional Barium examinations still have a purpose in determining the state of the mucosa, diameter of the lumen, degree, and type of obstruction even though CT and MRI have essentially superseded them. Additionally, barium offers live data on intestinal transit duration and motility. On a CT scan, these characteristics are not visible
Recommendations: To prevent this modality from going extinct and ultimately harming patients, teaching institutions should encourage radiologists to become conversant with Barium studies.
AVALIAÇÃO COLORIMÉTRICA DE ALIMENTOS: CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM PROTÓTIPO COM TECNOLOGIA DE IMPRESSÃO 3D
Authors: Silva Jamília Carvalho da , Lira Alexandre Magnum Marques de , Sá Daniele Maria Alves Teixeira , Silva Rafael Vitor e , Farias Mirla Dayanny Pinto 
Published: May 2023

Processos de inovação vem sendo percebido nas diferentes áreas da ciência e tecnologia e no setor alimentício não é diferente. O uso de impressão 3D, startups, inteligência artificial e internet das coisas são tendências encontradas de diferentes formas, seja na condução dos processos ou produtos alimentícios. Neste artigo está descrito o uso da Impressão 3D no desenvolvimento de um protótipo para auxiliar na obtenção de imagens através de smartphones com intuito de avaliar a coloração dos alimentos. A partir desta elaboração e dos testes realizados evidencia-se que a impressão 3D se apresenta como uma inovadora ferramenta em áreas da Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos. Verificou-se também que entre os dois modelos construídos (SUP_01 e SUP_02), o que atendeu as demandas foi o SUP_02, que passou por modificações nos parâmetros de impressão, e foi designado como SUP_02.1, ou seja, um suporte que atendeu os critérios exigidos para a finalidade e que consegue auxiliar na obtenção de imagens dos alimentos para avaliação colorimétrica.
Borrowed Credentials and Surrogate Professional Societies: A Critical Analysis of the Urban Forestry Profession
Authors: O’Herrin Keith , Bassett Corinne G. , Day Susan D. , Ries Paul D. , Wiseman P. Eric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrban forestry is an emerging profession, yet its professional identity is not clearly defined, nor does it have the full complement of support mechanisms commonly expected or needed by professionals. As a result, urban forest professionals rely on closely allied professions (e.g., arboriculture, forestry) resulting in frustration amongst urban forest professionals and confusion and lack of awareness amongst the general public.MethodsWe developed a series of practical but ideal benchmarks for a successful “modern profession” based on features extracted from a review of the literature and precedents from 11 other professions. We then examined a broad array of evidence to identify gaps between the benchmarks and the current reality of urban forestry. Strength of evidence was assessed, and each benchmark was classified as being supported by established, emerging, or little to no evidence.ResultsGap analysis indicates that while the profession provides an essential service to society, there is a need for improvement in credentialing, public awareness, recruitment into the profession, and support for career advancement. Many gaps result from a lack of coordinated efforts or organized community dedicated to the full scope of urban forest professionals. We identified a misalignment between urban forest professionals and existing professional organizations that are dedicated to closely allied professions.ConclusionTo meet benchmarks for a successful “modern profession,” urban forestry needs professional support explicitly dedicated to urban forestry. The profession cannot meet the future needs of society supported only by borrowed credentials and surrogate professional organizations.
Synthetic Methods for the formation of Heterocyclic Compounds from Oxime Ether Derivatives
Authors: Kumari Himani , Kumar Himanshi , Sharma Kamlesh 
Published: May 2023

Heterocyclic ring compounds are not only ubiquitous in prime diversity of vital natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals and thus highly important in organic synthesis. They have an extensive range of applications. They are mainly used as veterinary products and as agrochemicals. They are also utilized as corrosion inhibitors, sanitizers, antioxidants, dye stuff and as copolymers. They are accustomed as an important source in the synthesis of bioactive organic compounds. Some natural products like antibiotics such as tetracyclines, cephalosporin, penicillin, aminoglycosides, alkaloids such as morphine, vinblastine, atropine, reserpine, tryptamine, reserpine etc. have heterocyclic constituent. Hence, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from new procedures have been always demanding. Due to wide range of applications of heterocyclic compounds, this study is a survey of literature of last one decade, describing the methods for the heterocyclic ring formation from the oxime ether.
Agricultural Waste Management by Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Raja Waseem , Ali Ubhat , Gupta Akhil , Kumar Pratik 
Published: May 2023

There has been a huge emphasis on converting waste into energy in developing countries like India since a couple of decades now. Agriculture is a huge industry in India and produces huge amount of agricultural waste which goes around 350 million tons every year. Out of this huge weight of waste more than 40 million tons is sugarcane bagasse. Only a small percentage of this waste is collected and out of that, less than 20% gets advanced treatments like incineration, pyrolysis etc. and the rest of it ends up in landfills. In this study Hydrothermal Carbonization of bagasse is carried out in order to raise its carbon content and achieve a higher calorific value. The waste after undergoing the HTC is called hydrochar and mostly resembles the properties of lignite coal. A number of tests are performed on the feedstock at 200 ° C and 220 ° C for three reaction periods viz. 2, 4 and 6 hours. The yield of the char is found to decreases with increase in temperature and retention time whereas the Carbon percentage shows a positive trend and goes as high as 69.1 % at 220° C with Calorific value as 24.44 MJ/kg at 6 hours reaction period.
Privately Operated Medical Imaging Facilities Across Canada
Authors: CADTH  
Published: May 2023

There are at least 85 privately operated facilities in Canada that accept private payment for advanced medical imaging exams (i.e., CT, MRI, single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT], SPECT and CT [SPECT-CT], and/or positron emission tomography [PET] and CT [PET-CT]).
Quebec has the highest number of private facilities that offer advanced medical imaging exams among provinces, followed by Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario.
Most private imaging facilities operate in or near census metropolitan areas.
More than half of private imaging facilities operate as part of chain ownerships, and further growth in chain ownership is under way.
Although less than 10% of all CT and MRI exams are delivered in the private setting, they are the most commonly performed type of privately delivered advanced medical imaging exams.
Ценности суверенитета во времена перемен и потрясений: Россия, Китай, США
Authors: Королёва Лариса Владимировна 
Published: May 2023

Глобализация как фактор стирания национально-этнических различий между народами и территориальных границ между государствами в настоящее время стала переходить в свою противоположность – деглобализацию. Новая нормальность коснулась, прежде всего, государства как политической организации власти, существующей в определённых границах и самостоятельно определяющей свою внутреннюю и внешнюю политику, т. е. обладающей субъектностью и суверенитетом. И если в условиях глобального миропорядка многие государства потеряли добровольно или принудительно свою независимость и политическую субъектность, то деглобализация, как показывают происходящие события, способна повернуть этот процесс вспять. Отсюда интерес вызывают страны, которые борются за сохранение своей субъектности на мировой арене и независимости во внутренних и внешних делах: Россия, Китай, США. Эти государства, ставшие полюсами притяжения для многих стран, по-разному отстаивают свою суверенность. Оказавшись в центре борьбы за формирование будущего миропорядка, они пытаются определить своё место и свою роль в нём, потому что от этого зависит их существование как независимых субъектов политики. Их представления о собственной суверенности базируются на ценностных установках, складывающихся ментально и исторически, потому могут отличаться и противоречить друг другу. Отсюда целью статьи является сравнительный анализ политических ценностей суверенитета России, Китая, США, а главными задачами – исследование и анализ выявленных ценностных доминант. Основными методами исследования стали компаративный и аналитический. Выводы, сделанные в статье, указывают на невозможность в настоящий период сближения позиций США и Российской Федерации из-за полного несовпадения ценностных политических установок этих стран, разного понимания собственной независимости и самостоятельности, что означает продолжение конфронтации между сторонами. К сожалению, это раскачивает систему международных отношений и норм, делая мир нестабильным на долгое время. Во-вторых, позволяет лучше понять сближение России и Китая как политических партнёров и в то же время оценить разные взгляды обеих держав на определённые международные события.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on the short-term association between in-vehicle particulate pollutants and the respiratory health of Parisian taxi drivers
Authors: Hachem Melissa , Bensefa-Colas Lynda , Momas Isabelle 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the short-term associations between in-vehicle ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC) concentrations and irritation symptoms and lung parameters of taxi drivers, pre- and post-lockdown.
METHODS: As part of PUF-TAXI project, 33 taxi drivers were followed up during two typical working days. In-vehicle UFP and BC were continuously measured by monitoring instruments. Irritation symptoms during the working day were reported via an auto-questionnaire and lung function was assessed by a portable spirometer, pre- and post- work shift. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to study the association between air pollutants and health outcomes. Effect modification by measurement period (pre- and post-lockdown) was investigated.
RESULTS: UFP and BC concentrations inside taxi vehicles decreased significantly post- compared to pre-lockdown. Incidence of nose irritation was positively associated with in-vehicle UFP and BC levels pre-lockdown, when pollutant levels were higher, whereas no significant association was found post-lockdown. The decrease in the FEF25–75% (forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of the forced vital capacity) during the working day was significantly associated with in-taxi UFP levels before but not after lockdown. No association was found with BC. By contrast, incidence of eye irritation was significantly inversely associated with in-vehicle humidity, regardless of pollutant concentrations and the measurement period.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that an upgrade in in-vehicle air quality could improve respiratory health. This study showed that the magnitude of the incidence of nasal irritation and decrease in lung function depends on UFP concentrations the commuters are exposed to.
Burden of idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in occupational healthcare: increased absenteeism and healthcare resource utilization
Authors: Ukkola-Vuoti Liisa , Karlsson Antti , Tuominen Samuli , Lassenius Mariann I , Aaltonen Jaakko , Ranta Martta , Kosunen Mikko , Renlund Mari , Lehtonen Anne , Puolakka Kari 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES: Patients with idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD) often have decreased working capacity resulting in indirect costs. However, data on patients’ short-term sick leave has been limited. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the number and length of sick leave, including short-term leave, and occupational healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of the working-aged patients with IIRD compared to controls.
METHODS: The data on sick leave and occupational HCRU were gathered from the electronic medical records of the largest occupational healthcare provider in Finland from January 2012 to December 2019. Employed patients with an IIRD (including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic and enteropathic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, and reactive arthritis) with at least a 12-months follow-up were identified and compared to age-, sex-, and follow-up matched controls without IIRD.
RESULTS: Altogether 5405 patients with IIRD were identified and compared with an equal number of controls. The patients incurred approximately 2.5 times more sick leave than controls: 21.7 versus 8.5 days per patient year, respectively. Short-term sick leave was common: 83% of sickness absence periods of the patients lasted 1–9 days and represented 30% of the total absenteeism. Loss of productivity due to lost workdays was on average €4572 (95% confidence interval €4352–4804) per patient year. Occupational HCRU was approximately 1.8 times higher among IIRD patients than controls.
CONCLUSIONS: Workers with an IIRD incur considerably more sick leave and use more occupational healthcare services than controls. Short sick leave not registered in national insurance registers constitute a significant portion of days off work among patients with IIRD.
Case Report: Microchip Implantation Within the Cervical Spine, a Neurologic Evaluation, and Surgical Correction
Authors: Morrell Breanne , Gillis Charlotte E. , Wolfe Katheryn C. , Giles James T. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
A 5 mo old male Japanese chin was examined 1 mo following the sudden onset of pelvic limb weakness and ataxia immediately after microchip placement. Neurological examination revealed an ambulatory paraparesis, which was worse on the right side, with additional weakness noted in the right thoracic limb. Lesion localization was C6–T2 spinal cord segments, worse on the right. Radiographic imaging of the cervical spine revealed a microchip at the location of the C7–T1 intervertebral space. Computed tomography revealed a microchip within the spinal canal causing spinal cord compression at the level of the C7–T1 intervertebral disc space. Surgical removal of the microchip was performed, and the patient recovered well. A 6 wk follow-up neurologic examination showed persistent mild ataxia in the pelvic limbs. This case supports previously reported cases of permanent spinal cord damage caused by microchip placement. Surgical removal of the microchip resulted in the improvement of neurologic signs. Although extraction of the microchip did not resolve all neurologic deficits, surgery prevented further migration and possible damage to the spinal cord.
Association of Elevated Heart Risk Score with Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Chest Pain
Authors: Ghulam Rasool Ayaz , Ayaz Asia 
Published: May 2023

The HEART score is a widely used diagnostic tool in patients with chest pain. This tool is a very effective method for the stratification of patients with chest pain in the emergency department. It is composed of five components, i.e., history, ECG, age risk factors and troponins. Objective: To assess the importance of HEART score in our population. Methods: This study was conducted at emergency department of Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 01 January 2021 to 30 June 2022. A cohort study of the HEART risk score in myocardial infarction (MI) patients presented with chest pain was conducted. 244 patients were selected by consecutive sampling and distributed into two groups i.e., non-exposed (HEART risk score 0-3) and exposed group (HEART risk score ≥ 4). The HEART risk score was calculated and patients were followed for the next 48 hours. Results: Patients of both groups were monitored for forty-eight hours and the results were myocardial infarction (MI) in 1 (0.8%) patient and 86 (70.5%) patients in group A (low risk) and group B (high risk) respectively. One patient (0.8%) in each group A (low risk) and in group B (high risk) left against medical advice (LAMA). One hundred twenty (98.4%) patients in group A and thirty-five (28.7%) patients in group B (high risk) were discharged. No patient (0.0%) expired in group A (low risk) and in group B (high risk) respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that the HEART risk score is very much helpful as a diagnostic tool in patients with chest pain, presented in the emergency
The Refugee Children Legal Rights to Education: The Case of Bambasi Refugee Camp in Ethiopia, Africa
Authors: De La Cruz Fe Nangcas Jalon , Awoke Workye Tadesse 
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the legal rights of refugee children in Bambasi Refugee Camp, Ethiopia. Qualitative method via case study were used. There were 11 participants interviewed from the selected officials wring from teachers, Bambasi Authority for Refugee and Returnees Affairs (ARRA) and Benishangul Gumz Regional State (BGRS) Education Bureau. Some refugees children who aged from 12 to 17 years old with their parents authorization were included in the interviews too. They were chosen based on their academic performance, age and grade level. The whole process were reinforced with field observations and journalling. Within the periphery of this articulation, results showed that the refugee camp school lack classrooms, library room was not functional and no laboratory rooms as well. The school curriculum need to be revisited as there was no special education in curricular offerings. Lack of qualified teachers was another issue, language barrier and financial scarcity were among the identified challenges faced by refugee children. Their rights to education need to be protected. This implied for the government to look seriously into the situation of the refugee camp school so refugee children’s right to education will be protected and to reinforce quality education in the camp.
Transcendentalism and Skepticism in Arun Kolatkar's Select Poems
Authors: Shubham Yadav  
Published: May 2023

Arun Kolatkar belongs to the canon of modern Indian poetry writing in English. He is the only well acclaimed Indian poet other than Kabir to be represented on the World Classics tittle of New York Review of Books. Kolatkar is well versed in both the Language Marathi and English. His poem Jejuri is a collection of thirty-one poem which traces humour in everydays matters. For Jejuri, Kolatkar earned the Common Wealth Poetry prize in 1976. The poem Jejuri presents Kolatkar's view on spirituality, religious experience and imagination. The poems of Kolatkar ironically present the natural imagery which in a way satirizes the society and its superstitious belief. Kolatkar highlights the pitful situation of modern man who has been entangled between the materialistic world and unable to find a peace of heart, mind and soul within himself. This paper critically analyses the three select poems of Arun Kolatkar- the Bus, the Priest, an Old Woman. All these poems highlights the surrealistic image and also focus on the individualistic approach. Kolatkar transforms his experiences into his works which presents the idea of individualism. Kolatkar presents the individualistic aspect in the poem through the protagonist Manohar who is not a hollow man of Eliot's The Waste Land but a modern educated and rational man, can be seen connected to the transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Thus, the paper tends to mark the transcendentalist perspective in the Kolatkar's poetry and also traces skepticism in his poetry.
Diseño de un plan de administración y marketing para la creación de una marca deportiva orientada a las actividades turísticas
Authors: Gavilanes-Franco Marina de Jesús , Viñachi-López Hector Leonardo , Quiñonez-Mendoza Carolina , Intriago-Mera Rafael Aníbal , Masache-Heredia Mauricio Alberto , Sampietro-Saquicela José Luis 
Published: May 2023

Detrás del éxito de un plan de marketing se encuentra un conjunto de esfuerzos y estudio por parte de un gran equipo de trabajo. Se debe hacer un extenso análisis de la organización, su micro y macro entorno para poder ver sus oportunidades, debilidades, amenazas y fortalezas y en base a ellas hacer un plan de acción. Dentro de los principales objetivos de un plan de marketing, se encuentra la utilización de recursos para atraer y fidelizar clientes a la marca. Para lograrlo, se deben establecer estrategias desde las 4P’s del mercado: Precio, Producto, Promoción y Punto de venta. Una vez establecidas las estrategias se debe idear un plan de acción dentro de un tiempo establecido. La marca La Sportiva es conocida por la exclusividad, calidad de sus productos, al igual que por siempre satisfacer las necesidades y exigencias de sus clientes. La empresa se caracteriza por ser familiar, sin embargo, cuenta con toda la tecnología y recursos para la innovación. Siendo una marca que se ha caracterizado siempre por buscar cumplir y satisfacer las exigencias de sus clientes, se busca seguir con la tradición tomando un enfoque por la preocupación su salud. El mercado potencial de La Sportiva está conformado por personas atléticas que principalmente, disfrutan de actividades al aire libre. La exposición al sol está comprobada que causa efectos dañinos y perjudiciales sobre la piel y es por esto que se plantea en el siguiente trabajo, una línea de ropa deportiva que brinde la protección necesaria contra los rayos UV.