bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin (Il)-18 Promotes the Development of Chronic Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection by Downregulating IL-13
Authors: Helmby Helena , Takeda Kiyoshi , Akira Shizuo , Grencis Richard K. 
Published: July 2002

Expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode Trichuris muris is mediated by a T helper (Th) 2 type response involving interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. Here we show that Th1 response–associated susceptibility involves prior activation of IL-18 and caspase-1 followed by IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ in the intestine. IL-18–deficient mice are highly resistant to chronic T. muris infection and in vivo treatment of normal mice with recombinant (r)IL-18 suppresses IL-13 and IL-4 secretion but does not affect IFN-γ.
In vivo treatment of T. muris–infected IFN-γ–deficient mice with rIL-18 demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of IL-18 on IL-13 secretion is independent of IFN-γ. Hence, IL-18 does not function as an IFN-γ–inducing cytokine during chronic T. muris infection but rather as a direct regulator of Th2 cytokines. These results provide the first demonstration of the critical role of IL-18 in regulating Th cell responses during gastrointestinal nematode infection.
The spectra of nonnegative integer matrices via formal power series
Authors: Kim Ki , Ormes Nicholas , Roush Fred 
Published: July 2002

We characterize the possible nonzero spectra of primitive integer matrices (the integer case of Boyle and Handelman’s Spectral Conjecture). Characterizations of nonzero spectra of nonnegative matrices over

Z

{\mathbb Z}

and

Q

{\mathbb Q}

follow from this result. For the proof of the main theorem we use polynomial matrices to reduce the problem of realizing a candidate spectrum

(

λ
1

,

λ
2

,
…
,

λ
d

)

(\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\ldots ,\lambda _d)

to factoring the polynomial

∏

i
=
1

d

(
1
−

λ
i

t
)

\prod _{i=1}^d (1-\lambda _it)

as a product

(
1
−
r
(
t
)
)

∏

i
=
1

n

(
1
−

q
i

(
t
)
)

(1-r(t))\prod _{i=1}^n (1-q_i(t))

where the

q
i

q_i

’s are polynomials in

t

Z

+

[
t
]

t{\mathbb Z}_+[t]

satisfying some technical conditions and

r
r

is a formal power series in

t

Z

+

[
[
t
]
]

t{\mathbb Z}_+[[t]]

. To obtain the factorization, we present a hierarchy of estimates on coefficients of power series of the form

∏

i
=
1

d

(
1
−

λ
i

t
)

/

∏

i
=
1

n

(
1
−

q
i

(
t
)
)

\prod _{i=1}^d (1-\lambda _it)/\prod _{i=1}^n (1-q_i(t))

to ensure nonpositivity in nonzero degree terms.
Concept and prototype of protein–ligand docking simulator
with force feedback technology
Authors: Nagata Hiroshi , Mizushima Hiroshi , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A novel concept for a protein–ligand docking simulator using Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, in particular the tactile sense technology, was designed and a prototype was developed. Most conventional docking simulators are based on numerical differential calculations of the total energy between a protein and a ligand. However, the basic concept of our method differs from that of conventional simulators. Our design utilizes the force between a ligand and a protein instead of the total energy. The most characteristic function of the system is its ability to enable the user to ‘touch’ and sense the electrostatic potential field of a protein molecule. The user can scan the surface of a protein using a globular probe, which is given an electrostatic charge, and is controlled by a force feedback device. The electrostatic force between the protein and the probe is calculated in real time and immediately fed back into the force feedback device. The user can easily search interactively for positions where the probe is strongly attracted to the force field. Such positions can be regarded as candidate sites where functional groups of ligands corresponding to the probe can bind to the target protein. Certain limitations remain; for example, only twenty protein atoms can be used to generate the electrostatic field. Furthermore, the system can only use globular probes, preventing drug molecules or small chemical groups from being simulated. These limitations are the result of our insufficient computer resources. However, our prototype system has the potential to become a novel application method as well as being applicable to conventional VR technologies, especially to force feedback technologies.
Contact: hi-nagata@kddilabs.co.jp; hmizushi@ncc.go.jp; tanaka@cim.tmd.ac.jp
A model of the pressure dependence of the enantioselectivity of Candida rugosalipase towards (±)‐menthol
Authors: Kahlow Ulrich H.M. , Schmid Rolf D. , Pleiss Jürgen 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTransesterification of (±)‐menthol using propionic acid anhydride and Candida rugosa lipase was performed in chloroform and water at different pressures (1, 10, 50, and 100 bar) to study the pressure dependence of enantioselectivity E. As a result, E significantly decreased with increasing pressure from E = 55 (1 bar) to E = 47 (10 bar), E = 37 (50 bar), and E = 9 (100 bar). To rationalize the experimental findings, molecular dynamics simulations of Candida rugosa lipase were carried out. Analyzing the lipase geometry at 1, 10, 50, and 100 bar revealed a cavity in the Candida rugosa lipase. The cavity leads from a position on the surface distinct from the substrate binding site to the core towards the active site, and is limited by F415 and the catalytic H449. In the crystal structure of the Candida rugosa lipase, this cavity is filled with six water molecules. The number of water molecules in this cavity gradually increased with increasing pressure: six molecules in the simulation at 1 bar, 10 molecules at 10 bar, 12 molecules at 50 bar, and 13 molecules at 100 bar. Likewise, the volume of the cavity progressively increased from about 1864 Å3 in the simulation at 1 bar to 2529 Å3 at 10 bar, 2526 Å3 at 50 bar, and 2617 Å3 at 100 bar. At 100 bar, one water molecule slipped between F415 and H449, displacing the catalytic histidine side chain and thus opening the cavity to form a continuous water channel. The rotation of the side chain leads to a decreased distance between the H449‐Nε and the (+)‐menthyl‐oxygen (nonpreferred enantiomer) in the acyl enzyme intermediate, a factor determining the enantioselectivity of the lipase. Although the geometry of the preferred enantiomer is similar in all simulations, the geometry of the nonpreferred enantiomer gets gradually more reactive. This observation correlates with the gradually decreasing enantioselectivity E.
Patient Perspectives of Health System Barriers to Accessing Care for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Barnes Leandra A. , Shukla Neha , Paul Maia , de Vere Hunt Isabella , Halley Meghan C. , Linos Eleni , Naik Haley B. 
Published: April 2023

ImportancePatient-perceived barriers to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) care are poorly understood. Understanding health care barriers is a critical first step toward improving care for this population.ObjectiveTo characterize the health care experiences of people living with HS, including perceived barriers and facilitators to health care access, and to elucidate potential associations among these barriers and facilitators, health care access, and disease activity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this qualitative study, an inductive thematic analysis was conducted on 45 in-depth, 60- to 90-minute semistructured interviews of 45 people with HS from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds that took place between March and April 2020. Individuals were eligible if they could speak English, were 18 years or older, and were diagnosed with HS. A diagnosis of HS was confirmed through physician diagnosis or through self-reported, affirmative response to the validated screening question, “Do you experience boils in your armpits or groin that recur at least every six months?”Main Outcomes and MeasuresInterviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A modified grounded theory approach was used to develop the codebook, which investigators used for inductive thematic analysis.ResultsAmong the 45 participants included, the median (IQR) age was 37 (16) years, 33 (73%) were female, and 22 (49%) were White. There were 6 interrelated themes associated with participant-perceived barriers to accessing HS care: (1) bidirectional associations of disease activity and employment, (2) association of employment with health care coverage, (3) association of health care coverage with costs and perceived access to care, (4) association of costs with access to patient-centered care, (5) health care professional attitudes and knowledge influence patient-centered care and perceived access to care and disease activity, and (6) health system characteristics influence patient-centered care and associated costs, perceived access to care, and disease activity.Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative study highlights themes that generate a conceptual model for understanding barriers that may act synergistically to limit health care access and influence disease activity. The disease activity of HS may be reduced when cycle elements are optimized. This study also highlights areas for future investigations and potential systems-level changes to improve access to patient-centered HS care.
Nanopaper Electronics
Authors: Shen Huimin , Peng Shuting , Luo Qiguan , Zhou Jian , He Jr‐Hau , Zhou Guofu , Xu Xuezhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the past few years, nanocellulose, as a new‐emerging colloid, has developed into a large family and gained increasing attention owing to its favorable properties. It represents a ubiquitous feature in electronics as different components according to principles extend across energy, lighting management, and transistors and biosensors to information technologies. Within these decades, there are a lot of remarkable phenomena, effects, and performances relevant to a few additional attributes of nanocellulose, making the electronics perform better and better. Toward the rapid nanotechnology development and the need of the society, characterizing this important nanomaterial and making more and more new electronics have become important things to be done. This review consolidates the contribution of nanocellulose to nano‐related electronics, summarizes these methods to utilize nanocellulose as any component in devices, and points out the attributes of the nanocellulose. In the devices, the recent advances into solid‐state electronics, optoelectronic devices, and flexible/wearable electronics are categorized. The intrinsic electrical, dielectric and electronic structures, and properties of nanocellulose related to the device performances are particularly summarized and analyzed, which is believed beneficial in providing a judgment criterion for devices in the future.
Engineering a Two‐Component Hemostat for the Treatment of Internal Bleeding through Wound‐Targeted Crosslinking
Authors: Hong Celestine , He Yanpu , Bowen Porter A. , Belcher Angela M. , Olsen Bradley D. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrimary hemostasis (platelet plug formation) and secondary hemostasis (fibrin clot formation) are intertwined processes that occur upon vascular injury. Researchers have sought to target wounds by leveraging cues specific to these processes, such as using peptides that bind activated platelets or fibrin. While these materials have shown success in various injury models, they are commonly designed for the purpose of treating solely primary or secondary hemostasis. In this work, a two‐component system consisting of a targeting component (azide/GRGDS PEG‐PLGA nanoparticles) and a crosslinking component (multifunctional DBCO) is developed to treat internal bleeding. The system leverages increased injury accumulation to achieve crosslinking above a critical concentration, addressing both primary and secondary hemostasis by amplifying platelet recruitment and mitigating plasminolysis for greater clot stability. Nanoparticle aggregation is measured to validate concentration‐dependent crosslinking, while a 1:3 azide/GRGDS ratio is found to increase platelet recruitment, decrease clot degradation in hemodiluted environments, and decrease complement activation. Finally, this approach significantly increases survival relative to the particle‐only control in a liver resection model. In light of prior successes with the particle‐only system, these results emphasize the potential of this technology in aiding hemostasis and the importance of a holistic approach in engineering new treatments for hemorrhage.
Transportation of Nano/Microparticles via Photoinduced Crawling of Azobenzene Crystals
Authors: Saito Koichiro , Ichiyanagi Kouhei , Nozawa Shunsuke , Haruki Rie , Fan Dongxiao , Kanazawa Tomoki , Norikane Yasuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe stimulus‐driven motion of microscale objects on solid surfaces is a promising process to realize the manipulation of microdroplets, which has applications in fields areas such as material accumulation and sensing at a micro level. Light is an effective external stimulus for object manipulation because it can provide contactless spatial and temporal control. In this study, a new method is devised to transport nano/micromaterials on a glass surface by exploiting the photoinduced crawling motion of crystals. 4‐(methylamino)azobenzene (4‐MAAB) crystals are used to transport nano/micromaterials via photoirradiation from a single visible‐light source without using expensive equipment such as lasers and positioning devices. Nano/micromaterials mixed with the 4‐MAAB crystals are successfully transported with the crawling 4‐MAAB crystals. The nano/micromaterial transport is tracked using the fluorescence from the nano/micromaterials embedded into the 4‐MAAB crystals. In situ time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction measurements are also conducted for mechanistic analysis. This study offers new development paths in fields such as microfluidics and microrobotics.
Protein‐Gold Nanoclusters Loaded with Ferrous Ions for Inducing Ferroptosis of Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Jiang Chunyan , Liu Xin , Li Zhenhua , Zeng Lulu , Wang Rong , Ding Han , Jin Yuepeng , Zheng Lifei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFerroptosis driven by the iron‐dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and subsequent oxidative damage of biological membranes has shown great potential in the treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. However, suffering from the lack of safe and efficient delivery strategies for the unstable ferrous ions (Fe2+), the therapeutic efficacy induced by ferroptosis is always unsatisfactory. Herein, a protein‐based nanocomposite (Protein‐Gold Hybrid Materials‐Red, PGHM‐R) is designed as both an Fe2+ stabilizer and a carrier for the safe and efficient delivery of Fe2+ to hepatoma cells. The conspicuous feature of ferroptosis, such as downregulation of GPX4 and FTH1, upregulation of ASCL4 and NOX1, as well as mitochondrial deformation, is observed in PGHM‐R‐Fe‐treated hepatoma cells, which demonstrate that PGHM‐R‐Fe can effectively trigger ferroptosis of hepatoma cells. More importantly, systematic in vivo therapeutic outcomes demonstrate the low side effects and the high tumor‐inhibiting ratio of 58% of PGHM‐R‐Fe in the tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma‐bearing mice. This novel strategy for inducing the ferroptosis of cancer cells based on utilizing protein to deliver Fe2+ holds great potential in the clinical applications of ferroptosis‐based therapy.
Acoustic Printing of Patient‐Derived Organoids That Preserve Tumor Microenvironment for Personalized Drug Screening
Authors: Gong Zhiyi , Mao Yiqian , Huang Lanxiang , Tang Xuan , Zhang Lingling , Xu Yaqi , Ding Zhao , Zhao Xingzhong , Wang Fubing , Guo Shishang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatient personalized treatment models can predict treatment response and assist in determining the optimal treatment option for individual patients. The tumor microenvironment mediates tumor development and prognosis. However, current tumor models such as patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and 2D culture models fail to preserve the patient‐derived tumor microenvironment. Herein, a technique for acoustic‐droplet‐printing‐of‐patient‐derived‐organoids (ADPDOs) is reported, which allows for high‐throughput, high‐viability, rapid, and uniform printing preparation of patient‐derived organoids. In particular, the ADPDOs are uniform in size and retain the parental tumor/fibroblast cell composition, mimicking a more realistic 3D environment of parent tissue in vitro, with histological features and protein expression closer to that of the tissue. Therefore, ADPDOs hold promise for application in personalized precision therapy for different patients. The authors test the clinical drug treatment response of different patients in a fast and convenient way to predict the therapeutic effect of various patients. Thus, this technique has great potential for predicting treatment response to personalized cancer therapy and constructing complex 3D tissue models.
Pressure and Electromechanical Behaviors of Elastic Pressure Exerting and Sensing Fabrics for Monitoring Pressure of Compression Textiles
Authors: Yang Yiyi , Niu Ben , Ma Yixuan , Tian Xiao , Hua Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSensing fabrics have received great attention due to various applications in medical area, healthcare, and smart clothes. However, there are very few studies on sensing fabrics that can be used to monitor the pressure of compression garments. In this study, a pressure exerting and sensing fabric is fabricated by interweaving highly sensitive yarn sensor into woven fabric using industrial‐scale weaving technology. By using a new method for measuring the pressure sensing capabilities under external stresses from a curved surface, effects of fabric structure and operation mode on the pressure and electromechanical properties are evaluated. New fabric structures are proposed to deliberately arrange the yarn sensing elements in a less‐ or even non‐binding form within the fabric for good elasticity and sensing properties. Arising from the appropriate material selection and structure feature, the sensing fabric realizes a suitable and stable amount of induced pressure as well as very low stress relaxation. Consequently, the sensing fabric with sateen structure demonstrates very good pressure sensing performance with sensitivity of 1.22 kPa−1, low hysteresis error of 8.06%, and linearity of 0.98 in the desired pressure range from 0.58 to 3.83 kPa. Furthermore, the fabric exhibits excellent stability over 4500 pressing cycles.
Skin‐Adhesive Flexible Force Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Poly(l‐lactic acid) for Human Behavior Recognition
Authors: Lin Chubin , Wu Wenjin , Zhu Huiyu , Qiu Yuhui , Cui Shaolong , Chen Weiquan , Babichuk Ivan S. , Ye Terry Tao , Gao Zhaoli , Yang Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe application of biodegradable films based on the piezoelectric effect of poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) in sensors, transducers, actuators, and so on has gradually become one of the emerging research focuses. In this work, a flexible PLLA sensor with UV‐curable acrylate film packaging is proposed for human behavior recognition. The acrylic films with different proportions have different mechanical and surface properties, showing good flexibility, ductility, and skin adhesion. The morphology and crystal structure of the PLLA films and UV curable substrate obtained under the various postprocessing conditions and different proportions are examined by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, by comparing six groups of PLLA films with different treatment conditions, the device made on film stretched four times and annealed for 8 h has the best performance. This sensor has good response ability to impact, vibration, and bending strain, and can be applied to human behavior recognition, such as touch, wrist bending, and swallowing.
3D Printing of Hollow Microspheres into Strong Hierarchical Porous Ceramics
Authors: Huo Wenlong , Tervoort Elena , Gantenbein Silvan , Jeoffroy Etienne , Yang Jinlong , Studart André R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPorous ceramics are demanded in a wide range of high‐temperature, biological and energy‐related applications, but may show conflicting properties or suffer from poor mechanical properties. Introducing pores at different length scales has been shown to be a promising design strategy to combine antagonistic performance parameters and reach high porosity without severely compromising strength. Herein, a cost‐effective and simple process to create strong, highly porous ceramics via direct ink writing of suspensions of hollow microspheres into cellular architectures with pores at three hierarchical levels is reported. X‐ray diffraction, rheological measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical tests are conducted to thoroughly study the processing steps and morphology of the printed hierarchical porous ceramics. The presence of pores at multiple length scales increases significantly the mechanical strength of the porous structure, providing a useful platform for the manufacturing of lightweight ceramics from inexpensive and widely available feedstock materials.
Large‐Area Printed Display Based on Green Solvent Processable Blue Light‐Emitting Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Bai Lubing , Zhang Yahui , Han Yamin , Wang Shengjie , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Zheng Yingying , Li Mengyuan , Chen Wenyu , Yu Ningning , Sun Lili , An Xiang , Liu Bin , Wei Qi , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGreen‐processable printed large‐area light‐emitting diode (LED) is the crucial component of the high quality solid lighting and flat‐panel display. Accelerating the replacement from fossil‐based solvents to sustainable ecofriendly solvent is desirable for solution‐based printed organic electronics. Herein, by simple introducing methyl to the benzene groups of polydiarylfluorene‐based polymer, this work realizes the solution processing of blue polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) with a bio‐based solvent of limonene toward large‐area printed display. Film processed from this solvent exhibits satisfactory morphology and remarkable photophysical performances, even though the polymer chains show more serious aggregation in solution. What's more, devices fabricated with spin‐coated films present higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) and better spectra repeatability. Encouraged by the good film‐forming ability of this polymer in limonene, this work realizes the fabrication of printed large‐area films (5 × 5 cm2) with uniform emission and surface morphology by blade coating. Furthermore, this work develops passive matrix (PM) PLEDs arrays with 20 × 20 pixels that can dynamically display monochrome letters and numbers, demonstrating the potential application of cost‐effective printing techniques in large‐area display.
Light‐Start CRISPR‐Cas12a Reaction with Caged crRNA Enables Rapid and Sensitive Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Hu Menglu , Liu Ruhan , Qiu Zhiqiang , Cao Feng , Tian Tian , Lu Yunxin , Jiang Yongzhong , Zhou Xiaoming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a promising platform for nucleic acid detection. Regulating the CRISPR reaction would be extremely useful to improve the detection efficiency and speed of CRISPR diagnostic applications. Here, we have developed a light‐start CRISPR‐Cas12a reaction by employing caged CRISPR RNA (crRNA). When combined with recombinase polymerase amplification, a robust photocontrolled one‐pot assay is achieved. The photocontrolled one‐pot assay is simpler and is 50‐fold more sensitive than the conventional assay. This improved detection efficiency also facilitates the development of a faster CRISPR diagnostic method. The detection of clinical samples demonstrated that 10–20 min is sufficient for effective detection, which is much faster than the current gold‐standard technique PCR. We expect this advance in CRISPR diagnostics to promote its widespread detection applications in biomedicine, agriculture, and food safety.