bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Janus Composite Particles and Interfacial Catalysis Thereby
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Linlin , Wang Na , Sun Dayin , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractJanus composite particles (JPs) with distinct compartmentalization of varied components thus performances and anisotropic shape display a variety of properties and have demonstrated great potentials in diversify practical applications. Especially, the catalytic JPs are advantageous for multi‐phase catalysis with much easier separation of products and recycling the catalysts. In the first section of this review, typical methods to synthesize the JPs with varied morphologies are briefly surveyed in the category of polymeric, inorganic and polymer/inorganic composite. In the main section, recent progresses of the JPs in emulsion interfacial catalysis are summarized covering organic synthesis, hydrogenation, dye degradation, and environmental chemistry. The review will end by calling more efforts toward precision synthesis of catalytic JPs at large scale to meet the stringent requirements in practical applications such as catalytic diagnosis and therapy by the functional JPs.
Maternal High‐Fat Diet Results in Long‐Term Sex‐Specific Alterations to Metabolic and Gut Microbial Diurnal Oscillations in Adult Offspring
Authors: Ding Lu , Liu Jieying , Zhou Liyuan , Zhang Qian , Yu Miao , Xiao Xinhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractScope: Circadian rhythms profoundly impact metabolism and the gut microbiota. A maternal high‐fat diet (HFD) exerts effects on the metabolic syndrome of adult offspring in a sex‐specific manner, the underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear.Methods and results: Female mice are fed an HFD and raise their offspring on a standard chow diet until 24 weeks. The glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and diurnal rhythms of serum metabolic profiles are assessed in male and female adult offspring. Simultaneously, 16S rRNA is applied to characterize gut microbiota diurnal rhythms. The study finds that maternal HFD tends to deteriorate glucose tolerance and impairs insulin sensitivity in male offspring, but not female offspring, which can be associated with the circadian alterations of serum metabolic profiles in male offspring. As expected, maternal HFD sex‐specifically alters diurnal rhythms of the gut microbiota, which exhibits putative associations with metabolic profiles in males.Conclusions: The present study identifies the critical role of gut microbiota diurnal rhythms in triggering sex‐biased metabolic diurnal rhythms in response to maternal HFD, at least in part. As early life may be a critical window for preventing metabolic diseases, these findings provide the basis for developing chronobiology applications targeting the gut microbiota to combat early metabolic alterations, especially in males.
Rapid detection of dissolved acetylene in oil based on T‐type photoacoustic cell
Authors: Wang Guangzhen , Fu Dehui , Yuan Shuai , Li Chenxi , Han Xiao , Du Jinchao , Du Fei , Chen Ke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAiming at the need of rapid and sensitive detection of acetylene dissolved in oil, a small‐volume T‐type photoacoustic (PA) cell was proposed. By optimizing the design parameters, the volume of the T‐type cell was reduced to 30 mL, which resulted in a significant reduction in the sampling amount of the transformer oil. A laser PA spectroscopy system for dissolved gas analysis was built combined with the headspace degassing method. A near‐infrared tunable laser with wavelength modulation spectroscopy was employed to detect the escaped acetylene gas from oil. Test results show that the detection limit of dissolved acetylene reaches 0.2 μL/L when the sampled oil volume is 50 mL. In addition, the degassing balance time can be shortened to 270 s. This scheme has the superiority of small oil extraction volume, high accuracy, and short response time, providing a new method for analyzing the dissolved characteristic gases in oil.
Compact dual‐frequency patch antenna with large beamwidth diversity at flexible frequency ratio
Authors: Li Mei , Zhang Chun‐Li , Tang Ming‐Chun , Zhu Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA compact, single‐layer, dual‐frequency patch antenna with large beamwidth diversity, that is, broad beamwidth in the lower frequency and high‐gain radiation in the higher frequency is presented and analyzed in this paper. The antenna is in general composed of a square driven patch and two T‐shaped top‐loaded monopoles that are loaded beside the two radiating edges of the driven patch. Herein, the patch antenna to be operated in the fundamental TM01mode intrinsically provides a pair of in‐phase magnetic currents and meanwhile, the top‐loaded monopoles produce a pair of out‐of‐phase vertical electric currents. In analysis, consistent broad beamwidth and high‐gain radiation pattern are, respectively, well maintained at the lower and higher frequencies, even with a frequency ratio as small as 1.02. Moreover, the antenna preserves simple geometry and high efficiency of a typical patch antenna. For verification, a prototype is in final fabricated and measured, which has experimentally confirmed its simulated radiation results.
An E‐plane horn antenna fed with E‐plane Tee junction conceptualized by SIW technology
Authors: Choudhury Suvadeep , Mohan Akhilesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA novel E‐plane horn antenna fed with E‐plane Tee junction, conceptualized using the substrateintegrated waveguide (SIW) technology is introduced and investigated. Conventional SIW‐inspired horn designs are mostly limited to H‐plane sectoral horns, portraying confined radiation along the H‐plane while unconfined, fan‐beam‐shaped radiation along the principal E‐plane. Such radiation characteristics restrict its usage to designs requiring an electric field parallel to the structure and ultimately narrow confined radiation along the principal E‐plane of the embodiment. The proposed design provides a glue‐less solution to designing an E‐plane horn fed by an E‐plane Tee junction, both conceptualized by the SIW technology, having relative ease of fabrication on dual copper clad Printed Circuit Boards. Such a design operates from 17.15 to 18.8 GHz (~9.2% operating bandwidth) with a realized gain greater than 10.5 dBi, making it suitable for applications requiring light‐weighted high‐gain E‐plane sectoral horn antennas.
Learned spatiotemporal correlation priors for CEST image denoising using incorporated global‐spectral convolution neural network
Authors: Chen Huan , Chen Xinran , Lin Liangjie , Cai Shuhui , Cai Congbo , Chen Zhong , Xu Jiadi , Chen Lin 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo develop a deep learning‐based method, dubbed Denoising CEST Network (DECENT), to fully exploit the spatiotemporal correlation prior to CEST image denoising.MethodsDECENT is composed of two parallel pathways with different convolution kernel sizes aiming to extract the global and spectral features embedded in CEST images. Each pathway consists of a modified U‐Net with residual Encoder‐Decoder network and 3D convolution. Fusion pathway with 1 × 1 × 1 convolution kernel is utilized to concatenate two parallel pathways, and the output of DECENT is noise‐reduced CEST images. The performance of DECENT was validated in numerical simulations, egg white phantom experiments, and ischemic mouse brain and human skeletal muscle experiments in comparison with existing state‐of‐the‐art denoising methods.ResultsRician noise was added to CEST images to mimic a low SNR situation for numerical simulation, egg white phantom experiment, and mouse brain experiments, while human skeletal muscle experiments were of inherently low SNR. From the denoising results evaluated by peak SNR (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM), the proposed deep learning‐based denoising method (DECENT) can achieve better performance compared to existing CEST denoising methods such as NLmCED, MLSVD, and BM4D, avoiding complicated parameter tuning or time‐consuming iterative processes.ConclusionsDECENT can well exploit the prior spatiotemporal correlation knowledge of CEST images and restore the noise‐free images from their noisy observations, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art denoising methods.
Redundancy mechanisms to systems with statistically dependent component and redundancy lifetimes
Authors: You Yinping , Li Xiaohu , Wei Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study deals with redundancy mechanisms of coherent systems with statistically dependent component and redundancy lifetimes. We derive the distortion function of coherent system with a redundancy mechanism at component level, and then we present the usual stochastic order and hazard rate order on redundant system lifetimes. The main results not only enrich the framework of research in this line but also supplement some corresponding results in recent references. Several examples are presented to illustrate the results as well.
Solar cell UV‐induced degradation or module discolouration: Between the devil and the deep yellow sea
Authors: Pinochet Nicolas , Couderc Romain , Therias Sandrine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor decades, photovoltaic (PV) module yellowing caused by UV exposure has been observed on solar arrays in operation. More than an aesthetic inconvenience, this phenomenon can severely impair module performance and promote other degradation mechanisms by undermining the photoprotection provided by encapsulation. To understand how this reaction may affect current encapsulation materials, silicon heterojunction (SHJ) monocell modules with either UV‐cut or UV‐transparent commercial encapsulants were aged under UV irradiation and examined by visual inspection, fluorescence imaging and flash tests. Despite the photoprotection they provide, only the encapsulants that were stabilised by UV absorbers underwent discolouration. On the one hand, UV absorber photodegradation is responsible for the formation of yellow chromophores that affect light transmission to the cell, which could cause net decrease in the photogenerated current high as 4% after 4200 h of accelerated UV ageing. On the other hand, UV‐induced degradation of SHJ solar cells only accounts for a lower photogenerated current loss (3%), in contrast with previous observations in the literature. According to the behaviour of the current encapsulation formulation, the stability of UV absorbing additives has to be improved to ensure the durability of the device over 30 years.
Size‐dependent failure behavior of commercially available lithium‐iron phosphate battery under mechanical abuse
Authors: Shukla Vishesh , Mishra Ashutosh , Sure Jagadeesh , Ghosh Subrata , Tewari R. P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnder mechanical abuse, the failure of lithium‐ion batteries occurs in various stages, characterized by different force, temperature, and voltage responses, and require in situ measurements for analysis. First, four sizes of commercially available lithium‐iron phosphate batteries (LFPB), namely 18650, 22650, 26650, and 32650, were subjected to quasistatic lateral and longitudinal compression and nail penetration tests. The failure, characterized by the voltage drop and temperature rise at the onset of the first internal short‐circuit (ISC), was identified by an Aurdino‐based voltage sensor module and a temperature measurement module, respectively. The battery failure load and peak temperature at the onset of ISC were found to rely strongly on the battery size. The failure was delayed for small‐sized 18650 batteries during lateral compression, unlike in longitudinal compression and nail penetration tests. At the onset of ISC, the temperature rise above the ambient value was different for different LFPBs. It was found to be maximum (36.4°C) for LFPB 32650 under longitudinal compression and minimum (1.5°C) under lateral compression tests among the considered geometries. Further, LFPB 26650 exhibited a balanced thermal behavior during the test. Such thermal response can be sensed timely for effective thermal management of lithium‐ion batteries.
Detection of Herpes Simplex Viruses in the Oral Lesions of Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris: Is it Diagnostic or Predictive of Disease Severity?
Authors: Kamyab Kambiz , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Zaresharifi Nooshin , Ghanadan Alireza , Shahsiah Reza , Mahmoudi Hamid Reza , Zaresharifi Shirin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Some studies emphasise the relationship between the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and pemphigus. Although the possible role of HSV in the pathogenesis of pemphigus and the severity of the disease is obscure, we aimed to evaluate the presence of herpes simplex viruses (HSV 1/2) in the oral lesions of patients with pemphigus vulgaris and also assess its association with disease severity and types of lesions.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on collected data in the form of collecting paraffin blocks, slides, and relevant pathology reports and referring to patients' medical records. A questionnaire containing details on the degree of skin, scalp, and mucosal involvement (Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI)) was fulfiled. The immunoassay result was also collected to check the anti-desmoglein 3 and 1 antibodies (using ELISA technique).

Results
In this study, 52 patients of pemphigus vulgaris with oral lesions (case) and 52 patients with oral lesions not related to the disease (control) were evaluated. HSV1 was detected in 13.5% of oral pemphigus lesions and 1.9% of the control group (p = 0.0598). There were no positive cases of HSV2 in either group. There was no significant association between the positivity of HSV1 and the site of lesions (p = 1.00) or disease severity (p = 0.28). However, we found a strong correlation between the PDAI disease severity score with the titre of the AntiDsg3 antibody (r = 0.487, p = 0.001) and AntiDsg1 antibody (r = 0.309, p = 0.026).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a significant prevalence of HSV1 in oral pemphigus lesions, and acyclovir therapy may play a significant role in managing these patients. However, HSV's role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris cannot be clearly determined.
RBM15 m6A modification‐mediated OTUB2 upregulation promotes cervical cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Song Yan , Wu Qiongwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is a deadly gynecological tumor worldwide. Otubain 2 (OTUB2) has been recently identified as an oncogene in human malignancies. However, its expression and function remain unclear. This work aims to explore the role of OTUB2 in CC progression. Herein, The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that OTUB2 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) and gradually increased with CESC progression; moreover, OTUB2 expression predicted poor outcomes of CESC patients. Then, RT‐qPCR and Western blotting were applied to determine mRNA and protein expression in CC and normal cells. Our results confirmed that OTUB2 was highly expressed in CC cell lines. As indicated by CCK‐8, Transwell, and flow cytometry results, OTUB2 silencing attenuated proliferative and metastatic capacities of CC cells but promoted CC cell apoptosis. Then, RBM15, an N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase “writer,” was also demonstrated to be upregulated in CESC and CC cells. Mechanistically, m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (Me‐RIP) results showed that RBM15 inhibition reduced the m6A methylation level of OTUB2 in CC cells, leading to the decline of OTUB2 expression. In addition, OTUB2 inhibition deactivated the AKT/mTOR signaling in CC cells. Furthermore, SC‐79 (AKT/mTOR activator) partially abated the inhibitory effects of OTUB2 knockdown on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the malignant phenotypes of CC cells. In summary, this work showed that RBM15‐mediated m6A modification led to OTUB2 upregulation, thereby promoting malignant behaviors of CC cells via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Astrocyte‐mediated mechanisms contribute to traumatic brain injury pathology
Authors: Muñoz‐Ballester Carmen , Robel Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAstrocytes respond to traumatic brain injury (TBI) with changes to their molecular make‐up and cell biology, which results in changes in astrocyte function. These changes can be adaptive, initiating repair processes in the brain, or detrimental, causing secondary damage including neuronal death or abnormal neuronal activity. The response of astrocytes to TBI is often—but not always—accompanied by the upregulation of intermediate filaments, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Because GFAP is often upregulated in the context of nervous system disturbance, reactive astrogliosis is sometimes treated as an “all‐or‐none” process. However, the extent of astrocytes' cellular, molecular, and physiological adjustments is not equal for each TBI type or even for each astrocyte within the same injured brain. Additionally, new research highlights that different neurological injuries and diseases result in entirely distinctive and sometimes divergent astrocyte changes. Thus, extrapolating findings on astrocyte biology from one pathological context to another is problematic. We summarize the current knowledge about astrocyte responses specific to TBI and point out open questions that the field should tackle to better understand how astrocytes shape TBI outcomes. We address the astrocyte response to focal versus diffuse TBI and heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes within the same brain, the role of intermediate filament upregulation, functional changes to astrocyte function including potassium and glutamate homeostasis, blood–brain barrier maintenance and repair, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species detoxification, sex differences, and factors influencing astrocyte proliferation after TBI.This article is categorized under:
Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Light Stable Isotope (O, H, C) Signatures of BIF-Hosted Iron Ore Systems: Implications for Genetic Models and Exploration Targeting
Authors: Hagemann Steffen , Hensler Ana-Sophie , Figueiredo e Silva Rosaline Cristina , Tsikos Harilaos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStable isotope data from hypogene (i.e., below the line of weathering) iron oxides and gangue minerals from BIF-hosted iron ore deposits in Australia, South Africa, and Brazil have significantly assisted in constraining different hydrothermal fluid sources and fluid flow models during the upgrade of BIF to iron ore. The δ18O values on iron oxides from BIF and different paragenetic stages of enrichment display a consistent decrease from unenriched BIF (4–9‰) to as low as −10‰ for high-grade iron ore. This large shift in oxygen isotope values is interpreted as evidence for enormous incursion of ‘ancient’ meteoric water into fault and fracture zones at the time of iron enrichment during the Archean and Paleoproterozoic time. The δ18Ofluid values of paragenetically early iron oxides of > 4‰ suggest the involvement of magmatic fluids in greenstone belt-hosted Carajás-type iron ore deposits, and basinal brines in basin-hosted Hamersley-type deposits. In contrast, the paragenetically late stage iron oxides in the metamorphosed, basin hosted iron ore deposits of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero display δ18Ofluid values > 6‰. This reflects the renewed deep crustal, hypogene (metamorphic or magmatic) fluid influx. Carbon and oxygen isotope data on carbonates in BIF and hydrothermally altered iron ore indicate that carbon in the latter is not derived from BIF units, but represents either magmatic carbon in the case of the Carajás-type deposits or carbon within the underlying basin stratigraphy as in the case of the Hamersley-type iron deposits. The systematic decrease of δ18O values in iron oxides from the early to late paragenetic stages and from the distal to proximal alteration zone, including the ore zone, may be used as a geochemical vector. In this case, oxygen isotope analyses on iron oxides provide a potential exploration tool, particularly for targeting the extension of iron ore bodies or entirely concealed high-grade iron ore deposits, in which hematite/magnetite are frequently the only mineral that can be readily analysed.
Radiometric Dating Applied to Ore Deposits: Theory and Methods
Authors: Chiaradia Massimo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetallic ore deposits have contributed to the development of the human society since pre-historic times and nowadays are one of the pillars of unprecedented technological developments. In order to understand how metallic ore deposits form and thus construct genetic models that may serve as exploration guides, determining the age of an ore deposit is one of the most important pieces of information needed. More recently it has also become evident that determining the temporal duration of mineralizing events can offer valuable information on how certain deposits form and thus improve genetic models. Radiometric dating of ore minerals or of other minerals that are demonstrably associated in space and time with mineralization is the most accurate and precise tool to date an ore deposit. This Introductory Chapter summarizes basic concepts on why ore deposit dating is important and how this can be achieved through different methods. It illustrates basic differences among different methods and serves as an introduction to the more detailed descriptions of specific dating methods presented in the following Chapters.
The 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os Radiogenic Isotope Systems: Techniques and Applications to Metallogenic Systems
Authors: Norman Marc D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRhenium, Os, and Pt are redox sensitive elements that are concentrated in highly reducing environments such as those associated with black shales but mobile under more oxidizing conditions such as those associated with arc volcanism. They are chalcophile in many terrestrial ore-forming environments, and their isotopic systematics provide unique opportunities to date the formation of sulfide ore deposits and understand their petrogenesis. Fractional crystallization of magmatic sulfide ores generates primary variations in Re/Os and Pt/Os that allow mineral and whole rock isochron ages to be determined and discrimination of crustal and mantle sources based on initial Os isotopic compositions. Molybdenite is especially well suited for geochronology due to its high Re/Os and resistance to resetting. Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite tend to reflect the composition or provenance of the ore-forming fluids, with higher concentrations associated with more primitive sources or more oxidized fluids and lower concentrations with more evolved and/or reduced conditions, although local and regional factors also have a significant influence. Many studies have used pyrite for dating but its typically low Re concentration, variable initial Os isotopic composition (reflecting fluid mxing), and susceptibility to re-equilibration makes its use as a geochronometer problematic in many cases. Other sulfide minerals such as bornite and arsenopyrite have shown promise for Re–Os isotope geochronology but additional studies are needed to evaluate their broader applicability for dating of ore deposits. The isobaric beta decay of parent isotope 187Re to 187Os has restricted investigation of this system by microbeam techniques such as ion microprobe or laser ablation mass spectrometry, especially for geochronology. This requires either chemically processing the sample to separate the elements or novel techniques such as collision-cells that preferentially ionize the Re and Os during the analysis. Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) are the most widely applied techniques for Re-Pt-Os isotopic analyses. Specialized techniques for sample digestion to ensure redox equilibrium between Os in the sample and the isotopically enriched spikes used for isotope dilution measurements are typically required. This chapter briefly reviews development of the 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os isotopic systems for earth science, physico-chemical controls on their behavior in ore-forming environments, and applications to metallogenic systems.