bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Modal Approach to Establish Trust and Provide Value within Communities in the Deep South
Authors: Allen Laquetta F. , Bowen Pamela , Hatch Maria L , Roberson Erik D , Geldmacher David S. , Clay Olivio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundBlack/African Americans in the Deep South have been subjected to social segregation, discrimination, and other forms of systematic injustices that continue to negatively impact this population’s social determinants of health (SDoH). Healthy People 2030 has outlined a framework describing how adverse SDoH are associated with health inequities including higher rates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Historically, it has been challenging to recruit citizens from this region to participate in brain aging‐related research studies.MethodOur Outreach, Recruitment and Engagement Core (ORE) utilizes a diverse team of investigators and staff to cultivate and establish trust and build a vast network of community partners. These community partners include local churches, chapters of fraternities and sororities, civic and professional organizations, library branches, business owners, and other community leaders. The ORE team has worked to create a culture of providing value in Black/African American community by using a community‐based approach to engage individuals identified by others as “hard‐to‐reach,” maintain a constant presence within these communities, provide information on access to services, and increase ADRD knowledge. This model makes it easier to build trust and get residents involved in our studies.ResultOur team demonstrates a strong commitment to actively engage communities allowing us to exceed our initial target of recruiting >40% Black/African American participants and achieve a Black/African American enrollment rate over 50%.ConclusionAchieving greater participation by Black/African American participants in ADRD research can be accomplished through the implementation of a multi‐modal strategy that fosters community trust and instills value.
Favorable cellular alterations in cortex and hippocampal regions of mice brain by Quercetin & Naringenin: Promising role in insulin resistance induced Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kaur Sukhmanpreet , Kumar Anil 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that causes neurodegeneration and is linked with insulin resistance at molecular, clinical, and demographic levels. Defective insulin signaling promotes Aβ aggregation and accelerates Aβ formation in the brain leading to Type III diabetes.ObjectiveThe objective of this research project is to demonstrate a linkage if any between the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and insulin resistance. This linkage would be addressed with Quercetin & Naringenin as a test substance using the behavioral model of Alzheimer’s disease.MethodDiabetes was induced in mice by injecting Alloxan (100mg/kg i.p.) & orally administering sucrose 35% solution. Behavioral models employed in the present study were the Morris water maze (MWM), actophotometer, and novel object recognition (NOR) test. Biochemical estimations were carried out by measuring mitochondrial, glutathione, catalase, SOD, lipid peroxidase activity, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain tissue. Histopathological evaluation of the hippocampal region was carried out under a bright field microscope.ResultAlloxan (100mg/kg i.p.) & sucrose 35% solution (p.o.) administration produced significant hyperglycemia in mice as compared to the control group. Alloxan administration did not produce any significant effect on weight change and locomotor activity. During the acquisition test (learning), alloxan‐treated mice significantly enhanced the escape latency time taken to reach the submerged platform. However, Naringenin administration decreased the escape latency time indicating a significant improvement in memory performance. In the Novel Object Recognition test, alloxan‐treated mice spent more time near the familiar object, and the Naringenin‐treated group spent more time near the novel object. Alloxan treatment also disrupted the mitochondrial levels and lowered the catalase, glutathione, and SOD levels, and increased the lipid peroxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Whereas the Quercetin & Naringenin‐treated animals restored these pathological alterations.ConclusionAdministration of Quercetin & Naringenin significantly reversed alloxan‐induced behavioral, biochemical, and cellular alterations in both the frontal cortex as well as in hippocampus. These findings suggest that quercetin may be looked upon as a promising memory‐enhancing agent in preclinical studies. Therefore, clinical trials may be undertaken to establish the memory‐enhancing property of quercetin.
Analysis of MicroRNA‐502‐3p and MicroRNA‐501‐3p in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer’s Disease and its Corresponding Neuropathology: Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Devara Davin , Sharma Bhupender , Kumar Subodh , Torres Melissa , Rodriguez Sheryl , Rodarte Daniela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) continues to be the leading cause of dementia. Few treatment options exist to manage AD. It is essential to diagnose AD early to slow its progression; however, there are very limited diagnostic tools to accurately diagnose AD. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are currently being studied for their biomarker potential in many diseases, including AD. This study explores the biomarker potential of miR‐502‐3p and miR‐501‐3p in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes of AD patients and their relationship to the severity of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in affected brain regions.MethodCSF samples from AD patients (n=26) and unaffected controls (UC) (n=10) were obtained from NIH NeuroBioBank. We then isolated exosomes from CSF and analyzed the expression of miR‐502‐3p and miR‐501‐3p. Results were compared with CSF Aβ1‐40, Aβ1‐42, Tau and p‐Tau levels. We also evaluated the relationship of miR‐502‐3p and miR‐501‐3p with the neuropathology reports of the CSF samples.ResultMiR‐502‐3p and miR‐501‐3p expression levels were upregulated in the AD CSF exosomes relative to the UC CSF exosomes. MiR‐502‐3p level was positively correlated with CSF Aβ1‐40 level while miR‐501‐3p was positively correlated with CSF p‐Tau levels. The expressions of miR‐502‐3p and miR‐501‐3p were significantly associated with the severity of amyloid plaques and NFTs in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and superior temporal gyrus.ConclusionMiR‐502‐3p and miR‐501‐3p could potentially be useful CSF biomarkers for AD in the future. They may also be used to track the progression of AD in patients.
Susceptibility based magnetic resonance imaging for development of neuroimaging biomarkers
Authors: O'Donnell Lauren F , Khan Suleiman , Goldman Hannah , Murray Sean , Szabo Jakub , Soliman Muhammad T , Llanos Michael , Cho Olivia , Kingsley Charles , Swain Jody , Gray Stanton B , Hopkins William D , Wisniewski Thomas , Veraart Jelle , Scholtzova Henrieta , Zaim‐Wadghiri Youssef 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), a group of neuropathological features seen in anti‐amyloid immunotherapy patients, arises partly from CAA (Aβ buildup in blood vessels). Squirrel monkeys (SQMs), developing prominent age‐related CAA exceeding brain Aβ, offer a unique NHP model for ARIA study. Evaluating edema‐related neurobiological defects (ARIA‐E) involves preferential use of T2‐weighted (T2‐w) and flow‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI while T2*‐weighted (T2*‐w) MRI is better suited for investigating iron‐related pathology like microbleeds, hemorrhaging, and iron‐homing in plaques. Further insights can be gained by mapping tissue magnetic susceptibility, which boosts sensitivity and specificity. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) achieves this by combining magnitude and phase images to enhance contrast from iron containing structures. Notably, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) goes a step further by utilizing phase information with field inversion computation to generate quantitative magnetic susceptibility values in the imaged tissue. This ability to differentiate between paramagnetic (iron) and diamagnetic (calcification) signal contributions makes QSM valuable for potentially quantifying iron content more accurately. Here we present the sensitivity of conventional T2* weighted and quantitative R2* (QR2*) imaging to SWI and QSM analysis in this SQM model.MethodIn Vivo MRI scans were acquired on a cohort of geriatric SQMs using a multi‐sequence protocol: a multigradient echo (MGE) sequence for susceptibility mapping, a 2D T2‐w Turbo‐spin‐echo for edema assessment, and 2D FLAIR for improved white matter and edema visualization. Susceptibility maps were generated from the MGE data using both SWI reconstruction (PV6.0.1, Bruker) and the QSM processing in STI Suite for Matlab by Liu et al. (2013).ResultExpanding on QR2*'s success in aging SQM iron pathology, we compared QSM and SWI to it and T2*‐w, uncovering latent pathologies. QSM revealed iron in hyper‐intense regions with heightened SWI contrast, and conversely, identified unspecific hypo‐intensities, likely calcification, in some subjects. Immunohistochemistry then characterized these MRI anomalies.ConclusionSusceptibility imaging leverages tissue's magnetic properties to reveal subtle iron deposits, microbleeds, and calcifications that often escape detection. This unveils invaluable insights into iron‐related pathologies in the brain, invisible to conventional MRI's proton‐based techniques.
A Cross Cultural Understanding of Diverse Dementia Journeys
Authors: Michael Mary Chi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundOver the past 3 years, the Global Council on Alzheimer’s Disease (GCAD) has conducted research on lived experience and care partner journeys. Specifically, this research has focused on the experiences of individuals from historically underrepresented populations, including LGBTQ+, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian communities. The goal has been to identify how these journeys might diverge across communities, understand various nuances that exist across cultures, and recognize the impact these might have on seeking diagnosis, care, and support.MethodTo understand the experiences of community members living with dementia, we undertook qualitative primary research, complemented by secondary research. Primary research consisted of dozens of one‐on‐one interviews with people living with dementia and their care partners. Secondary research consisted of a review of existing literature on each community’s experiences with dementia.ResultAn output of this work is a visualization that maps and overlays distinct journeys that members of each community experience. These journey maps illustrate how one community’s journeys might overlap and diverge compared to others. The maps capture the challenges each community faces, resources that have been developed, and how care is managed along the disease progression.ConclusionThis work has revealed many nuances that exist across the dementia journey, including: different manifestations of stigma, bias, medical inequity, unequal access to care and treatment; how care is managed both institutionally and in the home; impacts of the presence or absence of traditional family care structures; and varying availability of resources for living well with dementia. It also revealed areas in which each community is overcoming that stigma as well as opportunities for support and resources. The project concludes with a call to action that outlines how the dementia community can better support people affected by dementia from the underrepresented communities; it also emphasizes the importance of applying culturally competent approaches to understanding these journeys and ultimately providing better care and support.
The Patient And family member Reactions to biomarker‐informed ADRD DiagnosEs or PARADE Study
Authors: Witbracht Megan G. , Knox Melissa L , Lingler Jennifer H , Grill Joshua D 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid imaging biomarkers serve an increasingly important role in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and determining eligibility for treatment with new disease‐modifying therapies. Yet, psychological and behavioral reactions to receiving a biomarker informed diagnosis remain relatively unstudied, especially in diverse and underserved populations where the burden of disease is high and resources for support are often insufficient. We developed the Patient And family member Reactions to biomarker‐informed ADRD DiagnosEs (PARADE) Study to address two key gaps in our understanding: 1) the range and trajectory of psychological and behavioral responses to a biomarker informed diagnosis and 2) the support needs of these individuals and their families.MethodLeveraging the infrastructure of New IDEAS, a coverage with evidence development study of amyloid PET, we developed a longitudinal study to quantify responses to receiving an amyloid PET biomarker test as part of a clinical work up for a diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Patients enrolled in the New IDEAS study are referred through the Alzheimer’s Association’s TrialMatch and then invited to participate with their study partners in 4 remote structured interviews performed prior to their amyloid PET scan and then 4‐, 12‐, and 24‐weeks after result disclosure. The primary outcome of the study is the Impact of Events Scale (IES), a measure of intrusive thoughts. Along with the IES, the interviews include questionnaires to assess the “value of knowing”, anxiety, depression, social support, loneliness, coping style, and discrimination. The goal of the study is to enroll 500 English or Spanish speaking dyads residing in the continental US. We will oversample Latinx and Black/African American participants as a reflection of the New IDEAS population.ResultData collection began in May 2023 at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of California, Irvine and is expected to be complete the fourth quarter of 2026. Interviews have been completed by telephone and video conference in Spanish and English with relatively low rates of attrition.ConclusionAs the field advances to improve diagnosis and treatment, data from studies like this one will be essential to better understanding the patient and family experience of receiving a biomarker informed diagnosis.
Relationships between medical comorbidities and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease reflect increased pathological markers as well as biological variabilities
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Kang Sung Hoon , Kim Young Ju , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Shin Daeun , Yoo Heejin , Cheon Bo Kyoung , Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Jang Hyemin , Seo Sang Won 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPlasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have demonstrated their accuracy as diagnostic tools, suggesting their impending integration into clinical practice. Medical comorbidities might not only affect AD pathological burdens but also cause variability of plasma biomarkers by affecting their transfer via blood brain barriers. In the present study, we aimed to determine which comorbidities might affect plasma biomarkers with (real effects) or without (biological variability) AD pathological burdens measured by β‐amyloid (Aβ) uptakes on PET.MethodWe recruited 2,935 participants including cognitively unimpaired (n=673), mild cognitive impairment (n=1439), dementia of Alzheimer’s type (n=611), and subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (n=190) from Korea‐Registries to Overcome and Accelerate Dementia research. All of them underwent amyloid PET imaging. Their plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, p‐tau217, GFAP and NfL levels were measured by a single molecular assay on a single platform.ResultVarious medical comorbidities were predictive of decreased or increased plasma biomarker levels after controlling for Aβ uptakes on PET. By using these medical comorbidities as predictors and Aβ uptakes as mediators, we performed the mediation analyses. Aβ uptakes partially mediated the relationships between various comorbidities and plasma biomarkers: APOE ε4 for Aβ42/40 ratio, p‐tau217, GFAP and NfL; body mass index (BMI) status for p‐tau217 GFAP and NfL. Various comorbidities also directly affected plasma biomarkers levels: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for Aβ42/40 ratio, p‐tau217, GFAP and NfL; chronic kidney disease, hemoglobin, C‐reactive protein, and T3 for p‐tau217, GFAP and NfL; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for GFAP and NfL. Finally, adding the comorbidities with direct and indirect effects to the covariates increased the AUCs of Aβ42/40 ratio (0.851 to 0.882) and NfL levels (0.764 to 0.853), but not those of pTau217 and GFAP. However, adding the comorbidities with only direct effects to the covariates did not increase the AUCs of any plasma biomarkers.ConclusionOur findings revealed that various medical comorbidities could influence plasma biomarker levels, both directly and through mediation of AD pathology. Therefore, it is important to consider in terms of clinical application and interpretation of plasma biomarkers results in clinical practice.
Serum non‐targeted metabolomic and lipidomic analyses reveal potential biomarkers to predict cognitive impairment for subcortical ischemic vascular disease
Authors: Yin Yunsi , Zhang Yifei , Wang Fan , Tang Yi , Qin Qi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIt is challenging to distinguish which subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) patients will present with cognitive impairment. A blood‐based biomarker to distinguish SIVD patients with cognitive impairment would be superior to neuropsychological measures and neuroimaging measures in terms of cost, time, and feasibility for repeated measures. Metabolomics profiling studies could help identify blood‐based biomarkers for SIVD patients with cognitive impairment.Method100 SIVD patients without cognitive impairment,70 SIVD patients with cognitive impairment, 30 DLB patients and 30 AD patients were recruited from three Chinese research hospitals. 34 SIVD patients without cognitive impairment and 34 SIVD patients were follow‐up for 2 years. Patients’ serum samples were assessed using non‐targeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses.ResultSix metabolites including TG(52:2)‐FA18:1, DHCer(d18:0_24:0), ChE(22:4), Cer(d18:1_18:0), SM(d18:1_26:0) and Hex2Cer(d18:1_24:0) were identified as informative biomarkers for cognitive impairment in SIVD patients. The performance was stable after 2 years follow up and in differential diagnosis among AD and DLB patients.ConclusionOur study has developed an accurate and accessible means based on blood samples to identify SIVD patients at high risk of cognitive impairment. Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism was involved in the neurobiological pathways that contributed to cognitive impairment in SIVD patients.
Social environment of people living with dementia: Characteristics, facilitators and barriers
Authors: Knecht Hanna Lea , Rodriguez Francisca S 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe number of people with dementia increases worldwide. Previous studies have shown that social integration and high‐quality social relationships are beneficial for reducing dementia risk and improving symptoms. Our project aimed at identifying characteristics of the social environment of people with dementia (PWD) and their relevance for PWDs’ wellbeing, and at determining facilitators and barriers of the PWD’s social integration.MethodA total of N = 497 participants (86% female, mean age of 53 years, 53% urban), of whom 3% had dementia, 16% cared for family members, 17% cared for someone outside of family, 15% were professional caregivers, 16% were counsellors, and 33% were otherwise connected to dementia care, answered our survey questions. We performed descriptive data analyses.ResultThe majority of participants (72%) reported that those caring for PWD initiated social interactions and more than half of the participants (57%) showed that these interactions are often experienced at home. Most participants (85%) felt that simply spending time with the PWD has a great positive impact on their well‐being. Partners of the PWD were considered as the most important social contact to reduce fears (score 4.8/5), to support them in managing everyday life (score 4.6/5), and to contribute to general well‐being (score 4.6/5). Regarding facilitators, most participants (89%) stated that family members are crucial for undertaking social activities. All participants (100%) felt that meeting face‐to‐face is necessary to maintain a relationship with a PWD and indicated that it is highly important (score 4.7/5) to show understanding for dementia symptoms. Concerning barriers, many participants (84%) felt that other people’s inability to cope with dementia symptoms is a significant reason for the downsizing of PWD’s social network. Moreover, the majority of the participants (52%) assumed that social stigma keeps PWD from being socially active.ConclusionThe results signify that partners and family members play an important role in initiating social experiences of PWD and in determining the benefits that result from it. Barriers seem to lay mainly in the understanding of dementia in the community, which should be addressed in future community awareness projects.
Exploring Sleeping Patterns of Patients with Dementia Based on Different Sleep States
Authors: George Dalene Ephme Ben 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSleep patterns and disruptions may associate with increased dementia risk and contribute to its progression and cognitive decline. Understanding the complexity of the sleep‐dementia relationship is crucial for developing interventions that may delay cognitive decline and enhance the well‐being of individuals with dementia. This study seeks to explore how the sleeping patterns of patients with dementia impact them and aims to provide insights to help improve the sleep patterns of individuals affected by dementia.MethodThe study uses the sleep data from TIHM project (Surrey and Borders Partnership, NHS Foundation), encompassing records of 17 dementia patients. The dataset contains details including sleep states, heart rate, respiratory rate, and snoring. Firstly, the average heart rate and respiratory rate are analyzed over time for each patient. Sleep transition states are explored to show patterns of transitions between different sleep states. The study explores circadian aspects by calculating average hours for each sleep state, and it provides additional insights, including average heart rate and respiratory rate based on sleep state and snoring.ResultThis study provided significant insights into the sleep patterns of individuals living with dementia. The heart rates of patients vary from 50.87 to 69.43 with an average 60.57, slightly elevated from the normal. The respiratory rates range from 11.80 to 18.34, with an average 14.83 (Figure 1). Notably, individuals who snore exhibit a lower average heart rate (56.4) compared to non‐snorers (61.03). Sleep state analysis indicates slightly higher heart and respiratory rates during Awake and Rem states compared to other states. Sleep state transitions highlight a predominant shift from Awake to Light, followed by Light to Awake (Figure 2). Patients primarily spend time in the Awake state (6 hours), followed by Deep (5 hours), and then Light and Rem states (4 hours) (Figure 3).ConclusionThe study provides significant insights about the relationship between sleep patterns and dementia. Elevated heart and respiratory rates during Awake and Rem states underscore physiological aspects in individuals with dementia, with prevalent transitions from Awake to Light in sleep state analysis. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of sleep in dementia, suggesting implications for enhanced care.