bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Function of Metal–Organic Framework: Structurally Ordered Metal Promoter
Authors: Zhang Wenlei , Wu Jichuang , Shi Wenxiong , Qin Peishan , Lang Wenfeng , Zhang Xinglong , Gu Zhida , Li Hongfeng , Fan Yun , Shen Yu , Zhang Suoying , Liu Zhongyi , Fu Yu , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe remarkable roles of metal promoters have been known for nearly a century, but it is still a challenge to find a suitable structure model to reveal the action mechanism behind metal promoters. Herein, a new function of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed as an ideal model to construct structurally ordered metal promoters by a targeted post‐modification strategy. MOFs as model not only favor clearing the real action mechanism behind metal promoters, but also can anchor one or multiple kinds of metal promoters especially noble metal promoters. Typically, the as‐prepared Pd/bpy‐UiO‐Cu catalysts show high selectivity (>99%) toward 4‐nitrophenylethane in 4‐nitrostyrene hydrogenation, mainly due to the enhanced interaction between Pd nanoparticles and MOF carriers induced by Cu promoters, thus inhibiting the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenylethane. This strategy with flexibility and universality will open up a new route to synthesize efficient catalysts with structurally ordered metal promoters.
Optimal Quantum Violations of n‐Locality Inequalities with Conditional Dependence on Inputs
Authors: Munshi Sneha , Pan A. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBell experiment in a network gives rise to a form of quantum nonlocality which is conceptually different from traditional multipartite Bell nonlocality. In this work, the star‐network configuration involving arbitrary n independent sources and parties, including n edge parties and one central party is considered. Each of the n edge parties shares a physical system with the central party. Each edge party receives number of inputs, and the central party receives an arbitrary m number of inputs. The conditional dependence on the inputs of each edge party is imposed so that the local probabilities satisfy a set of constraints. A family of generalized n‐locality inequalities is proposed in the arbitrary input scenario by imposing the set of constraints on inputs. The optimal quantum violation of the inequalities is derived by using an elegant sum‐of‐squares approach without specifying the dimension of the quantum system. Notably, the optimal quantum value is achieved only when the set of linear constraints on inputs is satisfied, which, in turn, self‐tests the observables required for each edge party. It shows that while conditional dependence on inputs significantly reduces the n‐local bound of the inequalities, the optimal quantum violation remains invariant. It argues that this implies a more robust test of network non‐locality, which can be revealed for smaller visibility parameters of the corresponding state. Further, the network nonlocality is characterized and examine its correspondence with suitably derived standard Bell nonlocality.
Instability Entanglement in the Electron Cyclotron Maser
Authors: Gao Zi‐Chao , Du Chao‐Hai , Li Fan‐Hong , Zhang Zi‐Wen , Liu Pu‐Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvestigation of absolute instability (AI) and convective instability (CI) of the electron cyclotron maser has independently led to the birth of gyrotron oscillators and amplifiers. Here, it is demonstrated that these instabilities can form a cooperative relationship owing to the nonlinear behavior of the stimulated electron beam. The CI can be induced in a zero‐drive system with the assistance of AI, and the ohmic losses of all the excited waves inside the system are greatly reduced, which is called “instability entanglement” here. According to the theoretical and experimental study of a 167/330 GHz gyrotron, when instability entanglement occurs, the ohmic dissipation decreases to one‐ninth of the AI‐only condition, and the output power is enhanced by 20%. This discovery is promising for surpassing the ceiling of output power and frequency of gyrodevices placed by ohmic losses.
The First Enantiomeric Stereogenic Sulfur‐Chiral Organic Ferroelectric Crystals
Authors: Peng Hang , Xu Zhe‐Kun , Du Ye , Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Zhong‐Xia , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Liao Wei‐Qiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChiral ferroelectric crystals with intriguing features have attracted great interest and many with point or axial chirality based on the stereocarbon have been successively developed in recent years. However, ferroelectric crystals with stereogenic heteroatomic chirality have never been documented so far. Here, we discover and report a pair of enantiomeric stereogenic sulfur‐chiral single‐component organic ferroelectric crystals, Rs‐tert‐butanesulfinamide (Rs‐tBuSA) and Ss‐tert‐butanesulfinamide (Ss‐tBuSA) through the deep understanding of the chemical design of molecular ferroelectric crystals. Both enantiomers adopt chiral‐polar point group 2 (C2) and exhibit mirror‐image relationships. They undergo high‐temperature 432F2‐type plastic ferroelectric phase transition around 348 K. The ferroelectricity has been well confirmed by ferroelectric hysteresis loops and domains. Polarized light microscopy records the evolution of the ferroelastic domains, according with the fact that the 432F2‐type phase transition is both ferroelectric and ferroelastic. The very soft characteristics with low elastic modulus and hardness reveals their excellent mechanical flexibility. This finding indicates the first stereosulfur chiral molecular ferroelectric crystals, opening up new fertile ground for exploring molecular ferroelectric crystals with great application prospects.
A Thiophene Backbone Enables Two‐Dimensional Poly(arylene vinylene)s with High Charge Carrier Mobility
Authors: Liu Yamei , Zhang Heng , Yu Hongde , Liao Zhongquan , Paasch Silvia , Xu Shunqi , Zhao Ruyan , Brunner Eike , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Heine Thomas , Wang Mingchao , Mai Yiyong , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLinear conjugated polymers have attracted significant attention in organic electronics in recent decades. However, despite intrachain π‐delocalization, interchain hopping is their transport bottleneck. In contrast, two‐dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers, as represented by 2D π‐conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c‐COFs), can provide multiple conjugated strands to enhance the delocalization of charge carriers in space. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of thiophene‐based 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s (PAVs, 2DPAV‐BDT‐BT and 2DPAV‐BDT‐BP, BDT=benzodithiophene, BT=bithiophene, BP=biphenyl) via Knoevenagel polycondensation. Compared with 2DPAV‐BDT‐BP, the fully thiophene‐based 2DPAV‐BDT‐BT exhibits enhanced planarity and π‐delocalization with a small band gap (1.62 eV) and large electronic band dispersion, as revealed by the optical absorption and density functional calculations. Remarkably, temperature‐dependent terahertz spectroscopy discloses a unique band‐like transport and outstanding room‐temperature charge mobility for 2DPAV‐BDT‐BT (65 cm2 V−1 s−1), which far exceeds that of the linear PAVs, 2DPAV‐BDT‐BP, and the reported 2D c‐COFs in the powder form. This work highlights the great potential of thiophene‐based 2D PAVs as candidates for high‐performance opto‐electronics.
The influence of the Milan approach—Part 2. The legacy of Boscolo and Cecchin and their Paduan connection: A conversation with Andrea Mosconi
Authors: Amorin‐Woods Deisy , Mosconi Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Milan approach, pioneered by Selvini‐Palazzoli, Boscolo, Cecchin, and Prata, has significantly contributed to the field of psychotherapy, particularly in the realm of systemic and family psychotherapy. While rooted in systemic principles and concepts, over time the original Milan group demonstrated differences in their clinical orientations and practices which led to their regrouping into two teams. The paper explores the divergences in their views and directions on family dynamics and the role of symptoms within the system. It delves into the influence of Boscolo and Cecchin, two of the ‘Milan Four’ on the Centro Padovano di Terapia della Famiglia. Drawing from a conversation with Andrea Mosconi, a mentee and collaborator of Boscolo and Cecchin, the paper examines the reconfiguration of the original ‘Milan Four’ team and its impact on their clinical approach. Key Milan principles and concepts such as hypothesising, circularity, and neutrality are examined with particular emphasis on the work of Boscolo and Cecchin's systemic work. These principles, intertwined and interconnected, provide a fertile ground for the construction of multiple hypotheses and circular questioning. The paper also highlights the concept of reflexivity, which originates from Bateson's work and plays a crucial role in family relations and communication while explaining the birthplace of paradox taking place when two levels of meaning are ‘confused.’ The Milan approach continues to be highly regarded, as its early concepts and ideas have evolved and left a lasting impact on the field of family therapy. By reflecting on the distinct contributions of Boscolo and Cecchin, and using examples, Mosconi offers valuable insights into the rich legacy and ongoing relevance of the Milan approach to contemporary therapeutic practice.
Prolonged Life Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Introducing Abundant Lithium Nitrate in Commercial Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Ke Qiongjie , Xu Qingshuai , Lai Xuejun , Li Minghui , Li Jianhui , Yan Keyou , Qiu Yongcai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbonate electrolytes have been extensively used as commercial electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high oxidative stability. However, the organic‐inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the lithium (Li) metal surface is too fragile to endure huge volume fluctuation during Li plating/stripping cycles in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, a chemically stable inorganic‐rich SEI was constructed on Li metal anodes by dissolving 5.5 M LiNO3 in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) into carbonate electrolytes as an additive. The Li+ solvation structure coordinated with NO3− and DMF molecules favors the formation of LixNy, LiNxOy, and LiF in the SEI film, which have been proved to increase the interfacial energy and improve the ionic diffusion as well as the mechanical strength of the SEI. Therefore, the designed carbonate electrolyte enhances the stable cycling of Li symmetric cells up to 700 h, with a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.0 % by Aurbach CE test. When paired with LiFePO4 cathode, the coin cells achieve an outstanding average CE of 99.5 % and 86.5 % retention of initial capacity after 300 cycles.
Integrated first‐level psychosocial response to disasters in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Thompson‐Assan Sandra , Ayebea Aguadze Gloria , Kakraba Kaitoo Derrick 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of disasters in recent times has largely been attributed to climate change, with its long‐term consequences on the welfare and mental well‐being of individuals and communities. Increasingly, studies indicate that victims of disasters may experience a range of mental health issues, with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder ranking as the most common. Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) face unique challenges in providing proper rehabilitation and adequate mental health services after a disaster, due to poverty, lack of educational opportunities, lack of awareness and knowledge of disaster, and lack of resources and infrastructure. Despite these challenges, some LMICs have made efforts to address mental health needs in the aftermath of disasters. However, they are faced with the challenge of implementing formalised mental health support programmes. Moreover, immediate mental health support should be provided to victims of disasters to ameliorate the psychopathologies that may develop afterwards. The current approach of providing mostly physical and social relief neglects the psychosocial implications of disasters on victims. The biopsychosocial model of health, which is being advocated for, suggests that treatment should encompass all aspects of an individual's life, and thus, a team of mental health workers can provide holistic interventions to aid victims in their recovery process by making efforts to involve them in the emergency response teams usually employed during disasters.
Electron‐Precise Dicationic Tetraboranes: Syntheses, Structures and Rearrangement to an Alkylidene Borate‐Borenium Zwitterion and a 1,3‐Azaborinine
Authors: Lu Wei , Hensiek Nicola , Saha Koushik , Dewhurst Rian D. , Härterich Marcel , Pranckevicius Conor , Hagspiel Stephan , Dietz Maximilian , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbene‐stabilized symmetrical and unsymmetrical dicationic tetraboranes, featuring an electron‐precise tetraborane chain, were synthesized and fully characterized. Reactions of these tetraboranes with reductants/bases give rise to different outcomes according to the conditions employed, including: 1) reduction and rearrangement of the tetraborane chain to give a zwitterionic alkylidene borate–borenium species; 2) cleavage of the tetraborane chain to afford a 1,3‐azaborinine; and 3) reduction of the supporting ligands to provide a diamino dipotassium salt. The zwitterionic alkylidene borate–borenium species can be viewed as an analogue of the base‐stabilized diborenes. NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal a highly polarized B−B bond in the zwitterionic alkylidene borate–borenium, in which the formal oxidation states of the boron atoms can be considered as −1 and +2. These results suggest the considerable potential of tetraboranes as synthons for low‐valent boron species.
Regulating Magnetic Relaxations of Cyano‐Bridged {DyIIIMoV} Systems by Tuning the N‐Sites in β‐Diketone Ligands
Authors: Mao Pan‐Dong , Zhang Shi‐Hui , Yao Nian‐Tao , Sun Hui‐Ying , Yan Fei‐Fei , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Meng Yin‐Shan , Liu Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyano‐bridged 4d–4f molecular nanomagnets have re‐called increasing research interests in molecular magnetism since they offer more possibilities in achieving novel nanomagnets with versatile structures and magnetic interactions. In this work, four β‐diketone ligands bearing different substitution N‐sites were designed and synthesized, namely 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1,3‐propanedione (HL1), 1,3‐Bis (3‐pyridyl)‐1,3‐propanedione (HL2), 1‐(4‐pyridyl)‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1,3‐propanedione (HL3), and 1,3‐Bis (4‐pyridyl)‐1,3‐propanedione (HL4), to tune the magnetic relaxation behaviors of cyano‐bridged {DyIIIMoV} systems. By reacting with DyCl3 ⋅ 6H2O and K4Mo(CN)8 ⋅ 2H2O, four cyano‐bridged complexes, namely {[Dy[MoV(CN)8](HL1)2(H2O)3]} ⋅ 6H2O (1), {[Dy[MoV(CN)8](HL2)(H2O)3(CH3OH)]}2 ⋅ 2CH3OH ⋅ 3H2O (2), {[Dy[MoV(CN)8](HL3)(H2O)2(CH3OH)] ⋅ H2O}n (3), and {[Dy[MoV(CN)8](HL4)2(H2O)3]} ⋅ 2H2O⋅CH3OH (4) were obtained. Structural analyses revealed that 1 and 4 are binuclear complexes, 2 has a tetragonal structure, and 3 exhibits a stair‐like polymer chain structure. The DyIII ions in all complexes have eight‐coordinated configurations with the coordination spheres DyO7N1 for 1 and 4, DyO6N2 for 2, and DyO5N3 for 3. Magnetic measurements indicate that 1 is a zero‐field single‐molecule magnet (SMM) and complexes 2–4 are field‐induced SMMs, with complex 4 featuring a two‐step relaxation process. The magnetic characterizations and ab initio calculations revealed that changing the N‐sites in the β‐diketone ligands can effectively alter the structures and magnetic properties of cyano‐bridged 4d–4f nanomagnets by adjusting the coordination environments of the DyIII centers.
Effect of the Solidification Mode on the Pore Growth of Gasar Porous Mg‐Ag Alloy
Authors: Yin Mang , Li Zaijiu , Jin Qinglin , Yang Xiuping , Xia Chenping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGasar porous Mg–3 wt% Ag alloy is prepared by metal–gas eutectic directional solidification process. The pore structure is related to the solidification mode of the alloy. The pores grow stably under the solidification conditions of planar, cellular, and columnar dendrites but not under the condition of equiaxed dendrites. The numerical simulation shows that the solidification velocity and temperature gradient decrease rapidly with an increase in the sample height, but their ratio remains unchanged. During the solidification process, the solidification mode of the alloy changes from cellular crystals to columnar dendrites, and finally to equiaxed dendrites. The calculated results of the solidification mode transition are consistent with the microstructure morphologies of the Mg–Ag alloy at different heights.
Electrochemical sensing of heavy metals in biological media: A review
Authors: Gonzalez Karen A. , Kazemeini Sarah , Weber Dustyn C. , Cordero Paula A. , Garcia Elizabeth M. , Rusinek Cory A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrace metals are required in the body as they play a significant role in several biochemical processes. Moreover, certain heavy metals are beneficial at appropriate levels. Copper (Cu), for example, is essential for red blood cell formation, bone strength, and infant growth. Despite these fundamental roles, Cu can become toxic at high levels. Other heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg), have been identified to cause acute and chronic health complications. For these reasons, rapid, real‐time quantification of such metals in biological media is of interest to improving human health outcomes. Electrochemical methods offer numerous advantages, such as portability, capability to be miniaturized, low cost, and ease‐of‐use. In this review, we examine recent developments in electrochemical sensing for the detection of heavy metals in biological media. To meet the requirements for inclusion in this review, the electrochemical sensor must have been evaluated in biological media (blood, serum, sweat, saliva, urine, brain tissue/cells). Several applications are explored to examine recent advancements in electrochemical sensing within these matrices. Addressing the challenges through materials, device, and system innovations, it is expected that electrochemical sensing of heavy metals in biological media will facilitate future diagnoses and treatments in healthcare.
Emerging clinical applications in oncology for non‐invasive multi‐ and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Habibalahi Abbas , Handley Shannon , Agha Adnan , Mahbub Saabah B. , Anwer Ayad G. , Goldys Ewa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence is an emerging technology in which fluorescence imaging is applied to biological materials across multiple spectral channels. This produces a stack of images where each matched pixel contains information about the sample's spectral properties at that location. This allows precise collection of molecularly specific data from a broad range of native fluorophores. Importantly, complex information, directly reflective of biological status, is collected without staining and tissues can be characterised in situ, without biopsy. For oncology, this can spare the collection of biopsies from sensitive regions and enable accurate tumour mapping. For in vivo tumour analysis, the greatest focus has been on oral cancer, whereas for ex vivo assessment head‐and‐neck cancers along with colon cancer have been the most studied, followed by oral and eye cancer. This review details the scope and progress of research undertaken towards clinical translation in oncology.
Thermo‐Responsive Ultrafiltration Block Copolymer Membranes Based on Polystyrene‐block‐poly(diethyl acrylamide)
Authors: Frieß Florian V. , Hartmann Frank , Gemmer Lea , Pieschel Jens , Niebuur Bart‐Jan , Faust Matthias , Kraus Tobias , Presser Volker , Gallei Markus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWithin the present work, a thermo‐responsive ultrafiltration membrane is manufactured based on a polystyrene‐block‐poly(diethyl acrylamide) block copolymer (BCP). The poly(diethyl acrylamide) block segment features a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water, similar to the well‐known poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), but having increased biocompatibility and without exhibiting a hysteresis of the thermally induced switching behavior. The BCP is synthesized via sequential “living” anionic polymerization protocols and analyzed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The resulting morphology in the bulk state is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) revealing the intended hexagonal cylindrical morphology. The BCPs form micelles in a binary mixture of tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide, where BCP composition and solvent affinities are discussed in light of the expected structure of these micelles and the resulting BCP membrane formation. The membranes are manufactured using the non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process and are characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water permeation measurements. The latter are carried out at room temperature and at 50 °C revealing up to a 23‐fold increase of the permeance, when crossing the LCST of the poly(diethyl acrylamide) block segment in water.
A novel approach to legacy donations with long‐term benefits supported by numerical illustrations
Authors: Solow Daniel , Webb Natalie , Symes Robin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhilanthropic donors face challenges in matching the causes to which they donate, the time horizon—and thus impact—of their donations, and the charitable vehicles they choose for making contributions. Wealthier donors may elect to create their own foundations and customize their charitable support. Less wealthy donors have limited choices: they may contribute to a nonprofit's current operations or to existing nonprofit endowments. We present a novel approach for making charitable donations, blending aspects of each of these strategies. Our approach has potential long‐term financial benefits, allows donors to control their charitable donations in a convenient and easy‐to‐implement manner, can be established through an existing nonprofit organization, expands opportunities for more donors because it requires a smaller corpus contribution with lower management costs than creating a foundation, provides tax savings in the United States and other countries (e.g., the UK, Canada, and Australia) comparable to other planned giving vehicles, and may be implemented during one's lifetime using donor advised funds or as part of a legacy plan through the donor's estate documents, which is when the long‐term benefits accrue.
Congenital heart anomalies in the first trimester: From screening to diagnosis
Authors: Rieder Wawrzyniec , Eperon Isabelle , Meagher Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCongenital heart defects occur in approximately 1% of liveborn children and represent the most common form of congenital malformation. Due to the small size and complexity of the heart structures, prenatal diagnosis is most often made in the second trimester of pregnancy. Early diagnosis however offers significant advantages regarding the timing of further investigations, prenatal counseling, and access to management options. In the last decade, advances in antenatal imaging have improved the detection of cardiac malformations with increasing emphasis on earlier pregnancy screening and diagnosis. We aim to summarize current “state of the art” imaging of the fetal heart in the first trimester.