bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of plant life and growth forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Weigelt Patrick , Denelle Pierre , Cai Lirong , Kreft Holger 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Plant life and growth forms (shortened to ‘plant forms’) represent key functional strategies of plants in relation to their environment and provide important insights into the ecological constraints acting on the distribution of biodiversity. Despite their functional importance, how the spectra of plant forms contribute to global gradients of plant diversity is unresolved.

Using a novel dataset comprising > 295 000 species, we quantify the contribution of different plant forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity. Furthermore, we establish how plant form distributions in different biogeographical regions are associated with contemporary and paleoclimate conditions, environmental heterogeneity and phylogeny.

We find a major shift in representation of woody perennials in tropical latitudes to herb‐dominated floras in temperate and boreal regions, following a sharp latitudinal gradient in plant form diversity from the tropics to the poles. We also find significant functional differences between regions, mirroring life and growth form responses to environmental conditions, which is mostly explained by contemporary climate (18–87%), and phylogeny (6–62%), with paleoclimate and heterogeneity playing a lesser role (< 23%).

This research highlights variation in the importance of different plant forms to diversity gradients world‐wide, shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary pressures constraining plant–trait distributions.
Subjective refraction using power vectors by updating a conventional phoropter with a Stokes lens for continuous astigmatic power generation
Authors: Moreno Jose Ricardo Albero , Micó Vicente , Albarrán Diego Cesar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo implement a pure power vector method for monocular subjective refraction using a regular phoropter with the only modification being the inclusion of a Stokes lens. The proposed methodology was tested with three different Stokes lenses, and the results were compared with conventional clinical refraction procedures.MethodsPower vector subjective refraction was performed by attaching a Stokes lens to the Risley prism holder. Stokes lenses allow for pure astigmatic compensation in the form of the J0, J45 components while the spherical lenses in the phoropter allow determination of the spherical component in the form of M (spherical equivalent). The proposed routine is presented step‐by‐step using three Stokes lenses having different astigmatic powers.ResultsMonocular subjective refraction was performed on 26 healthy subjects with a mean age of 44 ± 16 years, mean spherical equivalent of −0.56 D (range −5.50 to +2.38 D) and refractive astigmatism ≤1.50 D. No differences were found between the results obtained with the conventional technique versus the vector‐based procedure for the spherical equivalent (p = 0.28) or astigmatic components (p = 0.34). In addition, visual acuity (VA) was equivalent through the refractions measured with the conventional and vector procedures (p = 0.12). Repeatability coefficients for J0 and J45 with the new vector methodology were <0.38 D.ConclusionsThe proposed routine could be helpful for cases where it is difficult to get a valid starting point for conventional refraction (e.g., irregular corneas and media opacities), for testing facilities with limited resources/equipment and/or for motivated clinicians who wish to know about alternative methods of refractive error determination.
A low‐drift and real‐time localisation and mapping method for handheld hemispherical view LiDAR‐IMU integration system
Authors: Duan Xuzhe , Hu Qingwu , Zhao Pengcheng , Yu Fei , Ai Mingyao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) framework that uses a handheld hemispherical view LiDAR‐IMU integration system. Inspired by the specific characteristic of the hemispherical view LiDAR, a ground segmentation module based on seed points is designed. The ground points are then downsampled to eliminate redundant vertical constraints. The IMU data and the pre‐processed point cloud are used to perform state estimation via a tightly coupled iterative extended Kalman filter (iEKF) to obtain the pose estimation. The automatically detected loop closures provide closed‐loop constraints for the odometry, and a factor graph ensures the global consistency of the map. Data from diverse scenes are collected via a prototype system. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments are carried out to verify the framework's performance. According to the experimental results, our framework achieves low‐drift, high‐coverage and real‐time performance, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art LiDAR SLAM methods in our handheld hemispherical view LiDAR‐IMU test sites. For the research community's benefit, the dataset is publicly provided for other researchers to compare against.
Interpersonal consequences of joint food consumption for connection and conflict
Authors: Woolley Kaitlin , Lim Sarah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor centuries, the preparation and eating of a meal has brought people together, making food consumption an inherently social process. Yet the way in which people connect over food is changing. Rising health concerns, due in part to the increase in food allergies and obesity, have shifted attention away from the social aspects of food to food's nutritional aspects. Recognizing the social context in which food consumption takes place, this article reviews research highlighting the interpersonal consequences of joint food consumption. We first examine research on how sharing food connects people together, both via the type of food consumed (e.g., incidental food similarity) and the manner in which people serve and eat food (e.g., from shared vs. separate plates). We then turn to research that addresses the opposite side of the coin, discussing how the inability to share in a meal can be isolating, as well as how people navigate conflicting preferences when making food decisions with others. We conclude with a discussion of promising future directions for research on joint food consumption.
Navigating uncertainty in human social decision‐making: Consequences and coping strategies
Authors: Li Ting , Li Suiqing , Li Bingjie , Zhang Zhixin , Luo Yuejia , Feng Chunliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUncertainty is a fundamental aspect of human social life. Based on fruitful findings, the current review aims to establish a schema that outlines the relationship between uncertainty and human social decision‐making: the influences of uncertainty on social decision‐making (mainly prosocial behaviors) and the strategies commonly employed to reduce social uncertainty. Human prosocial behaviors are modulated by both social and nonsocial uncertainty. Specifically, uncertainty decreases prosocial behaviors by providing moral wiggling room or promoting loss aversion but also helps maintain relationships by mitigating negative interactions. Moreover, impression formation, impression updating, and compliance with social norms are crucial strategies for coping with social uncertainty, but they are subject to various biases. Finally, we highlight some important issues that need to be addressed in future studies. In summary, the current review deepens our understanding of the role of uncertainty in social behaviors.
Reflections on gaze data in statistics education
Authors: Boels Lonneke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGaze data are still uncommon in statistics education despite their promise. Gaze data provide teachers and researchers with a new window into complex cognitive processes. This article discusses how gaze data can inform and be used by teachers both for their own teaching practice and with students. With our own eye‐tracking research as an example, background information on eye‐tracking and possible applications of eye‐tracking in statistics education is provided. Teachers indicated that our eye‐tracking research created awareness of the difficulties students have when interpreting histograms. Gaze data showed details of students' strategies that neither teachers nor students were aware of. With this discussion paper, we hope to contribute to the future usage and implementation of gaze data in statistics education by teachers, researchers, educational and textbook designers, and students.
Chromosome translocation affects multiple phenotypes, causes genome‐wide dysregulation of gene expression, and remodels metabolome in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Lv Ruili , Gou Xiaowan , Li Ning , Zhang Zhibin , Wang Changyi , Wang Ruisi , Wang Bin , Yang Chunwu , Gong Lei , Zhang Huakun , Liu Bao 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYChromosomal rearrangements (CRs) may occur in newly formed polyploids due to compromised meiotic fidelity. Moreover, CRs can be more readily tolerated in polyploids allowing their longer‐term retention and hence potential spreading/fixation within a lineage. The direct functional consequences of CRs in plant polyploids remain unexplored. Here, we identified a heterozygous individual from a synthetic allohexaploid wheat in which the terminal parts of the long‐arms of chromosomes 2D (approximately 193 Mb) and 4A (approximately 167 Mb) were reciprocally translocated. Five homogeneous translocation lines including both unbalanced and balanced types were developed by selfing fertilization of the founder mutant (RT [2DL; 4AL]‐ter/1, reciprocal translocation). We investigated impacts of these translocations on phenotype, genome‐wide gene expression and metabolome. We find that, compared with sibling wild‐type, CRs in the form of both unbalanced and balanced translocations induced substantial changes of gene expression primarily via trans‐regulation in the nascent allopolyploid wheat. The CRs also manifested clear phenotypic and metabolic consequences. In particular, the genetically balanced, stable reciprocal translocations lines showed immediate enhanced reproductive fitness relative to wild type. Our results underscore the profound impact of CRs on gene expression in nascent allopolyploids with wide‐ranging phenotypic and metabolic consequences, suggesting CRs are an important source of genetic variation that can be exploited for crop breeding.
Confronting the challenge of gender nonconforming donors: A blood center's three‐year experience
Authors: Reynolds Vanessa , Van Buren Nancy L. , Gorlin Jed B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlood center organizations (BCOs) have traditionally offered two gender choices (male or female) on the donor history questionnaire (DHQ). Our BCO was one of the first in the United States to offer additional options on our DHQ to improve the experience for gender nonconforming donors.Study Design and MethodsThree years of data were analyzed from all blood donation visits between March 2019 and March 2022. Donors were stratified by gender categories and generation as follows: Gen Z, Millennial, Gen X, Boomers, and Silent. First time donor status, donor deferrals and infectious disease rates were evaluated for each category.ResultsDonor gender makeup included 127,072 (99.78%) Male/Female (M/F) and 282 (0.22%) Trans/Other (T/O) donors. The return rate for first‐time donors was 36.75% for M/F donors compared to 33.84% for T/O donors. The generational breakdown of our T/O donors is 71.28% Gen Z, 21.99% Millennial, 3.19% Gen X, 3.55% Boomers and none from the Silent Generation. Comparing high risk DHQ deferrals, there were 719 (0.57%) M/F deferrals and 18 (6.38%) T/O deferrals. Disease marker testing resulted in 2314 (0.56%) deferrals of M/F donors compared to 2 (0.41%) T/O deferrals.ConclusionIncreased gender options on the DHQ allowing gender diverse self‐identification enhances inclusivity. Transgender and nonbinary individuals accounted for a minority of donors, most of whom are younger, and have a comparable return rate to M/F donors. Shifts in donor policies can ensure inclusivity of this diverse population and provide an opportunity to expand the base of eligible donors.
A novel nonsense variant in RHAG underlies a Nordic Rhnull phenotype
Authors: Hellberg Åsa , Arsenovic Mirjana Grujic , Sørvoll Ingvild Hausberg , Lubenow Norbert , Sareneva Inna , Haimila Katri , Nordström Magnus , Olsson Martin L. , Storry Jill R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe extremely rare Rhnull phenotype is characterized by the absence of all Rh antigens on erythrocytes. It is divided into the regulator and amorph types based on the underlying genetic background. The more common regulator type depends on critical variants silencing RHAG, which encodes RhAG glycoprotein, necessary for RhD/RhCE expression. Rhnull cells have altered expression of glycophorin B and LW glycoprotein.Materials and MethodsFour unrelated Rhnull individuals were investigated. Serological testing was performed according to standard blood bank practice. RHD/RHCE and S/s allele‐specific Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping was done on genomic DNA using in‐house PCR assays. RHAG, and in some cases also RHD/RHCE, were sequenced. Initial s phenotyping results triggered additional serological investigation.ResultsAnti‐Rh29 was identified in all four individuals. Extended typing with anti‐S and anti‐s showed that the three samples predicted to type as s+ failed to react with 2 of 5 anti‐s. Sequence analysis of all 10 RHAG exons and the immediate intron/exon boundaries revealed a single nucleotide variant in the 3′‐end of intron 6, c.946 −2a>g in all samples. RHD/RHCE showed no alterations.ConclusionA novel Nordic Rhnull allele was identified. In addition, it was shown that s+ Rhnull red blood cells are not only U− but also have qualitative changes in their s antigen expression.
An insight on the development of functional carbon electrodes from plastic waste for capacitive deionization towards sustainable water reclamation
Authors: Ganesan Vigneshhwaran , Mohammed Samsudeen Naina , Kadhar Mohamed Meera Sheriffa Begum 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging electrochemical‐based adsorption system that has a high capability for the water reclamation with future potential towards an energy‐efficient and cost‐effective technique for industrial implementations. However, the higher cost of electrodes and poor performance limit its scale‐up, and there is a need to focus on a cost‐effective electrode towards economic impacts. Among the various waste resources, plastic sources would be the better precursor for carbonization as the plastic‐derived carbon possess enhanced surface properties and high electrochemical stability. Further, the carbonization of plastic products towards electrode minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, maintains environmental sustainability and achieves a dual benefit of circular economy with water reclamation. This paper highlights the overview of CDI, the significance of electrodes in CDI for electrosorption studies, various synthetic routes of plastic‐derived carbon, and its properties that help the researchers to focus on zero waste discharge‐based CDI process.
Group and Lie algebra filtrations and homotopy groups of spheres
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent , Mikhailov Roman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe establish a bridge between homotopy groups of spheres and commutator calculus in groups, and solve in this manner the “dimension problem” by providing a converse to Sjogren's theorem: every abelian group of bounded exponent can be embedded in the dimension quotient of a group. This is proven by embedding for arbitrary the torsion of the homotopy group into a dimension quotient, via a result of Wu. In particular, this invalidates some long‐standing results in the literature, as for every prime , there is some ‐torsion in by a result of Serre. We explain in this manner Rips's famous counterexample to the dimension conjecture in terms of the homotopy group . We finally obtain analogous results in the context of Lie rings: for every prime there exists a Lie ring with ‐torsion in some dimension quotient.
Mixed Heat Transfer in a Double Barrel With Differential Velocity Based on CFD–DEM and Experiment
Authors: Zhao Lingying , Ye Min , Ma Yuchuan , Sun Yiding 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A double barrel with differential velocity (DBDV) was proposed to improve the mixture quality. Temperature is one of the indexes to evaluate the mixture quality. At present, there are few studies on the heat transfer of DBDV. The heat transfer of particles in DBDV was studied by CFD–DEM to deeply understand the proposed DBDV. The heat transfer process in DBDV was analyzed. The distribution law of the temperature field under the coupling effect of particles and fluid was obtained. The influence of fluid speed on particle temperature and the regeneration proportion in DBDV were analyzed and compared with the existing double barrel. And the main heat transfer mode of particles in DBDV was to be obtained. The results show that the mixture temperature in the proposed DBDV is generally higher than that in the existing DB. And the mixture produced by DBDV is not only friendly to the environment but also the mixture temperature can meet the construction requirements even if more than half of the RAP materials are added to the mixture. Compared with DB, the additional proportion of DBDV is increased by 9.38–20.70%. And the reliability of the simulation work was verified by the indoor experiment platform, which lays a foundation for the application of DBDV.
Exergy Analysis of a Passive Thermal System Using Hammerstein–Wiener Estimation
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A nonlinear system identification approach was used to exploit the nonlinearly in the exergy of the system and reduce it into two or more interconnected elements. The Hammerstein–Wiener (H-W) methodology was adopted to describe the dynamics of a passive thermal system using a combination of nonlinear and linear blocks. Here, the linear block is a discrete transfer function, which symbolizes the dynamic component of the model. The proposed model was validated using the state functions measured for the solar air collector. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for enthalpy changes falls in the domain of −0.01% to 0.01%, whereas it varied from −0.06% to 0.02% as the entropy of the system changed with time. Similarly, the MAPE encountered while evaluating the exergy of the system was in the closed interval of −0.066% to −0.0017%. The average exergy gain by the H-W model across the Ist and IInd passages was, respectively, 0.90 kJ · kg−1 (8.10 g · s−1), 0.61 kJ · kg−1 (10.10 g · s−1) and 0.46 kJ · kg−1 (12.10 g · s−1); and 0.57 kJ · kg−1 (8.10 g · s−1), 0.48 kJ · kg−1 (10.10 g · s−1), and 0.79 kJ · kg−1 (12.10 g · s−1). The proposed model exhibited good fitting with the validation data.
The Potential Impact of Physical Activity on the Burden of Osteoarthritis and Low Back Pain in Australia: A Systematic Review of Reviews and Life Table Analysis
Authors: Wanjau Mary Njeri , Möller Holger , Haigh Fiona , Milat Andrew , Hayek Rema , Lucas Peta , Veerman J. Lennert 
Published: June 2023

Objective: The objectives were (1) to establish the strength of the association between incident cases of osteoarthritis (OA) and low back pain (LBP), and physical activity (PA) and to assess the likelihood of the associations being causal; and (2) to quantify the impact of PA on the burden of OA and LBP in Australia. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review in EMBASE and PubMed databases from January 01, 2000, to April 28, 2020. We used the Bradford Hill viewpoints to assess causality. We used a proportional multistate life table model to estimate the impact of changes in the PA levels on OA and LBP burdens for the 2019 Australian population (aged ≥ 20 y) over their remaining lifetime. Results: We found that both OA and LBP are possibly causally related to physical inactivity. Assuming causality, our model projected that if the 2025 World Health Organization global target for PA was met, the burden in 25 years’ time could be reduced by 70,000 prevalent cases of OA and over 11,000 cases of LBP. Over the lifetime of the current adult population of Australia, the gains could add up to approximately 672,814 health-adjusted life years (HALYs) for OA (ie, 27 HALYs per 1000 persons) and 114,042 HALYs for LBP (ie, 5 HALYs per 1000 persons). The HALY gains would be 1.4 times bigger if the 2030 World Health Organization global target for PA was achieved and 11 times bigger if all Australians adhered to the Australian PA guidelines. Conclusion: This study provides empirical support for the adoption of PA in strategies for the prevention of OA and back pain.
Towards precise constraints in modified gravity: bounds on alternative coupling gravity using white dwarf mass-radius measurements
Authors: Danarianto M. D. , Sulaksono A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTests have to be performed to rule out proposals for gravity modification. We propose a new idea for constraining alternative theories of gravity using temperature-dependent white dwarf (WD) mass-radius (MR) observational data. We have shown that several alternatives to general relativity (GR), which modified GR only within matter, might be reduced to the well-known Poisson equation similar to that of Eddington-inspired Born Infeld (EiBI) and Minimal Exponential Measure (MEMe) gravity. Retaining EiBI notation, we constrain the value of the coupling constant, $$\kappa $$
κ
, using a high-precision model-independent measurement of WD MR observations. We have demonstrated that the WD model should include detailed physics to achieve good precision. The model should include their temperature and evolutionary aspects, which may be computationally expensive. To overcome this issue, we construct a semi-analytical surrogate model based on Mestel’s model, calibrated with tabulated, detailed realistic models, to correct the zero-temperature radius. We have shown that the best-fit value of $$\kappa $$
κ
depends on the WD model, with the ’thick’ envelope models more consistent in describing data. The tightest bound obtained from the most precise MR measurement, QS Vir, with $$-0.19$$

-
0.19

$$\lesssim \kappa \lesssim $$

≲
κ
≲

0.22 in $$10^3$$

10
3

m$$^5$$

5

kg$$^{-1}$$

-
1

s$$^{-2}$$

-
2

for $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

$$(\sim 95\%)$$

(
∼
95
%
)

credibility. Overall, we assert that the recent precise WD MR measurements, combined with our current understanding of WD structure, are insufficient to see the deviation from the one predicted by GR. Both more precise observation data and detailed WD modelling are required to rule out gravity modification.
The end of the particle era?
Authors: Harlander Robert , Martinez Jean-Philippe , Schiemann Gregor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at CERN completed the experimental confirmation of the Standard Model particle spectrum. Current theoretical insights and experimental data are inconclusive concerning the expectation of future discoveries. While new physics may still be within reach of the LHC or one of its successor experiments, it is also possible that the mass of particles beyond those of the Standard Model is far beyond the energy reach of any conceivable particle collider. We thus have to face the possibility that the age of “on-shell discoveries” of new particles may belong to the past and that we may soon witness a change in the scientists' perception of discoveries in fundamental physics. This article discusses the relevance of this questioning and addresses some of its potential far-reaching implications through the development, first, of a historical perspective on the concept of particle. This view is prompt to reveal important specificities of the development of particle physics. In particular, it underlines the close relationship between the evolution of observational methods and the understanding of the very idea of particle. Combining this with an analysis of the current situation of high-energy physics, this leads us to the suggestion that the particle era in science must undergo an important conceptual reconfiguration.