bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Eel Biomimetics for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Xiao Xiangting , Mei Yu , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electric eel is known as the most powerful creature to generate electricity with a discharge voltage up to 860 V and peak current up to 1 A. These surprising properties are the results of billions of years of evolution on the electrical biological structure and bulk, and now have triggered great research interest in electric eel biomimetics for designing innovated configurations and components of energy storage and conversion devices. In this review, first, the bioelectrical behavior of electric eels is surveyed, followed by the physiological structure to reveal the discharge characteristics and principles of electric organs and electrocytes. Additionally, underlying electrochemical mechanisms and models for calculating the potential and current of electrocytes are presented. Central to this review is the recent progress of electric‐eel‐inspired innovations and applications for energy storage and conversion, particularly including novel power sources, triboelectric nanogenerators, and nanochannel ion‐selective membranes for salinity gradient energy harvesting. Finally, insights on the challenges at the moment and the perspectives on the future research prospects are critically compiled. It is suggested that energy‐related electric eel biomimetics will greatly boost the development of next‐generation high performance, green, and functional electronics.
Design Strategies toward High‐Performance Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Nie Wei , Cheng Hongwei , Sun Qiangchao , Liang Shuquan , Lu Xionggang , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of the most promising alternatives for traditional energy‐storage devices because of their low cost, abundant resources, environmental friendliness, and inherent safety. However, several detrimental issues with Zn metal anodes including Zn dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion and passivation, should be considered when designing advanced AZIBs. Moreover, these thorny issues are not independent but mutually reinforcing, covering many technical and processing parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the issues facing Zn anodes and the corresponding strategies to develop roadmaps for the development of high‐performance Zn anodes. Herein, the failure mechanisms of Zn anodes and their corresponding impacts are outlined. Recent progress on improving the stability of Zn anode is summarized, including structurally designed Zn anodes, Zn alloy anodes, surface modification, electrolyte optimization, and separator design. Finally, this review provides brilliant and insightful perspectives for stable Zn metal anodes and promotes the large‐scale application of AZIBs in power grid systems.
Insights into the Coating Integrity and its Effect on the Electrochemical Performance of Core–Shell Structure SiOx@C Composite Anodes
Authors: Xiao Zhexi , Lin Xianqing , Zhang Chenxi , Shen Jiaqi , Zhang Ruirui , He Ziying , Lin Zhenkang , Jiang Hairong , Wei Fei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSilicon‐based anodes have been considered as ideal candidates for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. However, the rapid cyclability decay due to significant volume expansion limits its commercialization. Besides, the instable interface further aggravates the degradation. Carbon coating is one effective way to improve the electrochemical performance.The coating integrity may be a critical index for core–shell structure electrode materials. Herein, the coating integrity of SiOx@C composite is tested by a developed selective alkali dissolution, further quantitatively depicted by a proposed index of alkali solubility α. The effect of coating integrity on electrochemical performance reveals that SiOx dissolution loss has a significant impact on the overall electrode structure stability and interface property. Because of the side reaction between uncoated active SiOx and electrolyte, the quadratic decrease of initial coulombic efficiency and increase of solid electrolyte interphase thickness with the rise of alkali solubility are closely related to the generated F content induced by active material loss, further supported by the obvious linear rise of Li2SiF6 fraction, leads to the linear increase of interface impedance and volume expansion rate, which may take primarily responsibility for the performance decay. This work propels the fundamental understanding on the interface failure mechnism and inspires rational high‐performance electrode material design.
Green, HF‐Free Synthesis of MXene Quantum Dots and their Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ramírez Rubén , Melillo Arianna , Osella Silvio , Asiri Abdullah M. , Garcia Hermenegildo , Primo Ana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA general methodology to prepare MXene quantum dots (MxQDs) with yields over 20% by liquid‐phase laser ablation of the MAX phase is reported. Mechanical and thermal shock by 532 nm laser pulses (7 ns fwhp, 50 mJ × pulse−1, 1 Hz pulse frequency) produces MAX etching and exfoliation to form MXene QDs, avoiding the use of HF. The process can be followed by absorption and emission spectroscopy and by dynamic laser scattering and it appears to be general, being applied to Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, Nb2AlC, and V2AlC MAX phases. Density functional theory calculations indicate that, depending on the surface terminal groups, the diminution of the MXene size to the nanometric scale makes it possible to control the band gap of the MXene. The photocatalytic activity of these MXene QDs for hydrogen evolution has been observed, reaching an H2 production for the most efficient Ti3C2 QDs as high as 2.02 mmol × g−1 × h−1.
Postnatal genetic and neurodevelopmental assessment in infants born at term with severely low birth weight of non‐placental origin
Authors: Paz y Miño M. F. , Pauta M. , Meler E. , Matas I. , Mazarico E. , Camacho A. , Segura M. , Figueras F. , Borrell A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the frequency of genetic syndromes and childhood neurodevelopmental impairment in non‐malformed infants born at term with severely low birth weight and no evidence of placental insufficiency.MethodsThis case series was constructed from the data of infants delivered at term between 2013 and 2018 with severely low birth weight, defined as birth weight more than 2.5 SD below the mean, with normal maternal and fetal Doppler (umbilical artery, fetal middle cerebral artery, cerebroplacental ratio and uterine artery) and no maternal hypertensive disorder during pregnancy or fetal structural anomaly on prenatal ultrasound examination. Clinical exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis were performed using DNA extracted from the children's saliva. Cognitive and psychomotor development was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th edition tests, according to the child's age at testing.ResultsAmong the 36 405 infants born within the study period, 274 (0.75%) had a birth weight below –2.5 SD, of whom 98 met the inclusion criteria. Among the 63 families contacted, seven (11%) reported a postnatal diagnosis of a genetic syndrome and a further 18 consented to participate in the study. Median gestational age at delivery was 38.0 (interquartile range (IQR), 37.3–38.5) weeks and median birth weight was 2020 (IQR, 1908–2248) g. All 18 children showed a normal result on clinical exome sequencing and CNV analysis, but six (33%) obtained a low score on neurodevelopmental testing.ConclusionNon‐malformed severely small term infants with no clinical or Doppler signs of placental insufficiency present a high rate of genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental impairment during childhood. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Introduction
Authors: Mari Luca , Wilson Mark , Maul Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to justify the importance of the subject of the book and to frame it in a broad structural perspective that leads to a transdisciplinary understanding of measurement of physical and of psychosocial properties, exemplified by the measurement of temperature and of reading comprehension ability respectively. As a first sketch of the feasibility of this integrated framework, a typical method of psychosocial measurement is applied to a case of physical measurement.
Meshed Remote Operation as the Default Mode: From Technical Challenge to Society Opportunnities
Authors: Peil Anges , Coopman Michiel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the choice of the Flemish waterway authority – De Vlaamse Waterweg – for a new vision on remote operation of its inland waterway infrastructure. From now on, remote control is the default operation mode. As of 2019, a new vision was approved to remotely control all our movable structures (ca.330) by 2032 from 3 remote control centres. The innovative aspect is that they will function as a fully interconnected meshed network and can be used as a back-up for each other. At first glance this may seem a purely technical challenge. It is however shown that by pursuing this goal, it compels us to rethink large parts of our organisation in regards with change management, business processes, roles and responsibilities, training and technical management. At the same time, we see society opportunities revealing themselves. This paper is aimed at sharing our experiences and as a call-to action for other waterway authorities, academic institutions and private companies to help envision and built the future waterway-systems.
Monitoring the Variation of Drought-Flood Abrupt Alternation and Its Response to Atmospheric Circulation at Multi-time Scales
Authors: Shi Wuzhi , Zhang Ke , Xie Yuebo , Chao Lijun , Tola Tolossa Lemma , Xue Xianwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs an emerging disaster, the drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) may cause unprecedented socio-economic impacts under changing environment, which has attracted extensive attention in recent decades. DFAA involves drought to flood (DTF) and flood to drought (FTD). However, thus far, little effort has been made to identify DFAA with high spatial resolution. Moreover, few studies have fully revealed the driving mechanisms of DFAA by large-scale climate factors. Here, the Yellow River Basin (YRB) was selected as the research area, which is an important agricultural base in China. The spatiotemporal characteristics of DFAA at multiple time scales during flood season were analyzed using 0.25° grid precipitation from 1961 to 2020 in the YRB. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation method and cross wavelet method were used to investigate the relationship between circulation anomaly (such as Arctic oscillation (AO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and sunspot) and DFAA to explore the potential causes of DFAA in this region. The results demonstrated that: (1) FTD trend in the YRB is serious, and the short period of FTD trend is June-July > July-August > August-September; (2) spatially, the high-frequency long-period DFAA was distributed in the whole YRB, while the DFAA in June-July and July-August were concentrated in the center of the YRB; (3) AO and PDO are the key factors to induce DFAA in the YRB, especially the changes of AO and PDO phase. This study helps improve our understanding of the relationship between DFAA and large-scale climate factors and provides new insights for future disaster assessment.
Construction of Container Terminal in the Yangon River
Authors: Kohno Hiroki , Takahashi Masayuki , Niina Daisuke , Tokiwa Satoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Port of Yangon is the largest port in Myanmar and a river port located approximately 40 km upstream from the Yangon estuary. The country’s economic growth has led to the construction of a new container terminal in the Thilawa area, 16 km downstream from the Yangon port. Regardless of the difficult natural conditions in the area, project had to be completed in a short period at the request of the client. In order to shorten the construction period, construction of a jetty using the jacket method and soil improvement combined with the consolidation acceleration method were adopted. After repeated studies, the project was completed in a short period of 915 days. This paper describes the details of these studies.
Analysis on the Characteristics of Channel Scour and Deposition in the Nanjing Reach of the Yangtze River After Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Wang Nairu , Huang Suning , Cao Shuang , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Taotao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe construction and operation of the Three Gorges reservoir (TGR) alters the water and sediment conditions in the downstream channels, rendering the sediment transport capacity of water flow in these downstream channels at an unsaturated state, subsequently leading to scour and affecting flood prevention. Therefore, this study statistically analyzed the variations of channel scour and deposition in the Nanjing reach since the operation of the TGR, using the measured hydrologic and channel topographic data. The results showed that, the scour in the Nanjing reach was weak during 2001–2006, but prominently intensified during 2006–2020, with the multi-year average bankfull channel scour amount being 745.5 × 104 m3/a for the entire Nanjing reach. For the period of 2020.11–2021.03 after the basin-scale big flood in 2020, the scour was further intensified, with the total bankfull channel scour amount reaching 2677 × 104 m3. Since 2006, the Nanjing reach demonstrated an overall trend of “scour in both main channel and floodplain”, and bankfull channel scour was dominant, with the scour amount being 85% of that of the flood channel scour amount. Furthermore, scour was more intense on the left bank than on the right bank. The left branch of Xinjizhou reach and its downstream reaches were all erosional, demonstrating a pattern of scour amount being larger in the upper reach and smaller in the lower reach. Also, the multi-year average scour amount was the greatest at the Longtan and Yizheng reach, while the multi-year average scour intensity was the strongest at the main reach upstream the Meizizhou bifurcated reach.
Impact of Three Gorges Project (TGP) on Riverbed Revolution and Navigation Conditions in the Taipingkou Waterway
Authors: Yang Qilin , Shang Qianqian , Xu Hui , Xu Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTaipingkou channel is the first sandy shoal channel in the lower reaches of the Three Gorges Project (TGP). The change of river boundary is basically stable under human control, but the change of beach trough in the channel is complex, which has adverse effects on navigation. In particular, the shrinkage of Sanbatan is harmful to the design of navigation bridge hole of Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge in dry season. By analyzing the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Taipingkou waterway before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, and studying the changes of river regime, erosion and deposition adjustment, beach evolution and diversion ratio, the influence of the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project on the riverbed evolution of Taipingkou waterway is discussed. The results show that the Three Gorges Project has changed the inflow and sediment process of Taipingkou Waterway, resulting in the frankness of annual runoff process and the reduction of sediment concentration. Under the condition of new water and sediment, the tidal flats of Taipingkou waterway show a general erosion trend. The branch with large drawdown and good inflow conditions is easier to develop, and the peak regulation greatly limits the back siltation of the convex bank side beach in the recession period. It is believed that the root cause of the current navigation obstruction of Taipingkou waterway is that the navigation bridge hole setting of Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge cannot adapt to the trend of river evolution, and dredging is an effective measure to ensure the smooth flow of the waterway.
On Characterizing Flow Resistance in a Tidal Reach
Authors: Jing Ye , Lei Xueting , Qin Jie , Wu Teng , Agbemafle Elikplim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe tidal reaches are characterized by unsteady and non-uniform flow (UNF), which is significantly different from the commonly assumed steady and uniform flow (SUF) in hydraulics. The SUF shows invariant temporal and spatial flow characteristics, and thus flow acceleration is absent in a prismatic channel. However, for the UNF, the variation of flow velocity and depth in both temporal and spatial scales causes the loss of flow energy, and thus increases the flow resistance. In order to clarify the variation of flow resistance and its influencing factors in tidal reaches, this study investigates the flow resistance characteristics under UNF conditions. In this study, a typical tidal section of the Lower Yangtze River (LYR) – Kouanzhi Waterway (KW) – was selected as the study area, where the temporal variation of water surface along the river course at different tide levels, the bathymetry of multiple cross-sections, the distribution of cross-sectional flow velocity and its temporal variation were measured in detail. Based on these field measurement data, the contribution terms to the energy slope were calculated and evaluated, by decomposing the momentum equation. The calculated contributing terms include water surface gradient, local acceleration, and convective acceleration. The results showed that the local acceleration and convective acceleration have a substantial impact on the energy slope during specific time periods, which was found to be more significant than the findings in previous studies. The results show that the local acceleration term is more significant than the convective acceleration term except when the water surface slope is close to zero, and its contribution is significant throughout the flood tide and the initial ebb tide periods. The above research results are of great significance for the investigation of flow resistance mechanisms and numerical simulations in tidal rivers.
Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Incoming Water and Sediment in Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Chen Peng , Lu Jinyou , Jin Zhongwu , Zhou Yinjun , Tang Rouxin , Liu Zhaoxi , Han Qiuba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBased on the hydrological and sediment observation data of the main stream and main stream of the upper Yangtze River from 1956 to 2018, using M-K test, Wavelet analysis, Approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics from the perspectives of catastrophe, periodicity, complexity and chaos of incoming water and sediment in The TGR (TGR), defines the connotation of “new water and sediment conditions” in the TGR, and discusses the main influencing factors of spatiotemporal variation of incoming water and sediment in the TGR. The results show that: (1) Except Pingshan station of Jinsha River, Fushun station of Tuojiang River and Wulong station of Wujiang River, the runoff of other main and tributaries and TGR in the upper Yangtze River has no significant change, but the sediment discharge has obvious mutation, and the runoff and sediment have periodic changes in different degrees; (2) The complexity of annual runoff and sediment transport in the TGR increases gradually, and the complexity of sediment transport is greater than that of runoff. Both annual runoff and sediment transport are chaotic, and the complexity of runoff and sediment transport sequence increases gradually from the upper reaches to the lower reaches; (3) The connotation of “new water and sediment condition” shows that there is no obvious mutation in runoff and sediment transport in time scale, the main cycle of water and sediment change is basically the same, and the complexity and chaos of sediment transport in space scale are significantly greater than runoff, and the change degree of sediment transport is more significant than runoff; (4) From 1991 to 2002, climate change (rainfall) was an important factor affecting the sediment discharge in the upper Yangtze River. From 2003 to 2018, the impact of climate change was relatively insignificant, and human activities became the most important factor.
Study on Classification Arrangement and Hydraulic Characteristics of Water-Saving Ship Lock Under Ultra-high Head
Authors: Zhu Long , Wang Xiaodong , Huang Yue , Liu Benqin , Li Zhonghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ship lock with water saving basins can store part of water during the operation, which has the outstanding advantage of saving water resources. At the same time, the water-saving ship lock can divide the total water head into stages, significantly reduce the operating head of each stage, which can provide technical conditions for simplifying the ship lock’s filling & emptying system and improving the operating conditions of lock’s valves. For ship lock with high head and large water level variation, the layout of the saving basins and the division of water level are very important. They determine the overall layout, operation efficiency and safety performance of the ship lock. With the increase of water head and water level variation, the classification arrangement of water-saving ship lock will become very complex. Therefore, based on the Baishi water-saving ship lock project (60 m-class, ultra-high head), the analysis and calculation research are carried out in this paper. First of all, the influence laws of key factors such as water-saving rate, number of water saving basins, area of water saving basins and operating head on water level division are obtained. On this foundation, a reasonable water level classification scheme for 60m-class ship lock is proposed, and the hydraulic characteristics of ship lock under different operating conditions are analyzed, and the feasibility of ship lock layout scheme is demonstrated. The research results can provide direct technical support for Baishi ship lock project, and provide reference for the design and construction of similar water-saving ship lock projects.