bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Type 2 Diabetes, Body Composition, and Insulin Resistance with Bone Parameters: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study
Authors: Sheu Angela , Blank Robert D. , Tran Thach , Bliuc Dana , Greenfield Jerry R. , White Christopher P. , Center Jacqueline R. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes (T2D) may be associated with increased risk of fractures, despite preserved bone mineral density (BMD). Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) may have separate effects on bone turnover and bone strength, which contribute to skeletal fragility. We characterized and assessed the relative associations of obesity, body composition, IR, and T2D on bone turnover markers (BTMs), BMD, and advanced hip analysis (AHA). In this cross‐sectional analysis of Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, 525 (61.3% women) participants were grouped according to T2D, IR (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] </≥2.5), and BMI (</≥25 kg/m2): insulin‐sensitive lean (IS‐L), insulin‐sensitive overweight/obese (IS‐O), insulin‐resistant (IR), and T2D. BMD, AHA, and body composition, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (on dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan) and fasting BTMs, were assessed. Analyses performed using Bayesian model averaging and principal component analysis. T2D was associated with low BTMs (by 26%–30% [95% confidence interval [CI] 11%–46%] in women, 35% [95% CI 18%–48%] in men compared to IS‐L), which persisted after adjustment for VAT. BTMs were similar among IR/IS‐O/IS‐L. BMD was similar among T2D/IR/IS‐O; BMD was low only in IS‐L. All groups were similar after adjustment for BMI. Similarly, AHA components were lowest in IS‐L (attenuated following adjustment). On multivariate analysis, T2D was independently associated with BTMs. IR was also associated with C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen in men. Age and body size were the strongest independent contributors to BMD and AHA. VAT was inversely associated with section modulus, cross‐sectional area, cross‐sectional moment of inertia in women, and hip axis length in men. Low bone turnover is associated with T2D and IR (in men), while BMD and hip strength/geometry are predominantly associated with body size. VAT, indicative of dysglycemia, is also associated with impaired bone geometry. Establishing the role of BTMs and AHA fracture risk may improve skeletal assessment in T2D people. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Carbamazepine‐Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: A 21‐Year Comparison Between Children and Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Hariraj Vidhya , Wo Wee Kee , Lee Sing Chet , Ramli Azuana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSevere cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are a life‐threatening condition. We aimed to identify all carbamazepine‐induced SCARs voluntarily reported to the Malaysian pharmacovigilance database and to compare between children and adults. Adverse drug reaction reports for carbamazepine were extracted from 2000 to 2020, and divided into 2 groups, that is, children (aged 0–17 years) and adults (aged 18 years and above). Age, sex, race, and carbamazepine dose were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Of 1102 carbamazepine adverse drug reaction reports, 416 reports were SCARs (99 children, 317 adults). Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were the main SCAR types for both age groups. Median time‐to‐onset for any type of SCAR was 13 days, regardless of age. In children, Malay individuals were 3.6 times more likely to report SCARs (95% confidence interval, 1.356–9.546; P = .010) compared to the Chinese population. In adults, carbamazepine‐induced SCARs were reported as 3.6 times higher in those with a daily dose of 200 mg or less as compared to a daily dose of 400 mg or more. (95% confidence interval, 2.257–5.758; P < .001) Carbamazepine‐induced SCARs reported in Malaysia were predominantly Stevens–Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, with the majority in Malay individuals. Initiation therapy needs close monitoring between 2 weeks and 1 month.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Ranibizumab Delivered via the Port Delivery System Implanted in the Eye in Patients with Neovascular Age‐Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kågedal Matts , Alskär Oskar , Petersson Klas , Hanze Eva , Maia Mauricio , Lu Tong , Vakhavkar Shweta , Quartino Angelica , Willis Jeffrey R. , Jin Jin Y. , Maass Katie F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe port delivery system with ranibizumab (PDS) is designed to continuously deliver ranibizumab to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the vitreous of the eye for an extended duration. The PDS has been evaluated for the treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration in the Ladder (PDS 10, 40, and 100 mg/mL, with refill exchanges as needed, versus monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg), Archway (PDS 100 mg/mL with 24‐week refill exchanges, versus monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg), and ongoing Portal (PDS 100 mg/mL with 24‐week refill exchanges) clinical trials. Data from Ladder, Archway, and Portal were used to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model to estimate the ranibizumab release rate from the PDS implant, describe ranibizumab PK in serum and aqueous humor, and predict the concentration in vitreous humor. A model was developed to adequately describe the serum and aqueous humor PK data, as suggested by goodness‐of‐fit plots as well as visual predictive checks. In the final model, the first‐order implant release rate was estimated to be 0.00654 (1/day), corresponding to a half‐life of 106 days, consistent with the implant release rate determined in vitro. The model‐predicted vitreous concentrations achieved with PDS 100 mg/mL given every 24 weeks were below the intravitreal peak concentration and above the intravitreal trough concentration of ranibizumab over the entire 24‐week refill interval. The results demonstrate a durable release of ranibizumab from the PDS with a half‐life of 106 days, providing vitreous exposure to ranibizumab for at least 24 weeks that is within the range of exposure for monthly intravitreal treatment.
The effect of periprosthetic bone loss on the failure risk of tibial total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Soltanihafshejani Navid , Bitter Thom , Verdonschot Nico , Janssen Dennis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe effect of long‐term periprosthetic bone loss on the process of aseptic loosening of tibial total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is subject to debate. Contradicting studies can be found in literature, reporting either bone resorption or bone formation before failure of the tibial tray. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of bone resorption on failure of tibial TKA, by simulating clinical postoperative bone density changes in finite element analysis (FEA) models and FEA models were created of two tibiae representing cases with good and poor initial bone quality which were subjected to a walking configuration and subsequently to a traumatic stumbling load. Bone failure was simulated using a crushable foam model incorporating progressive yielding. Repetitive loading under a level walking load did not result in failure of the periprosthetic bone in neither the good nor poor bone quality tibia at the baseline bone densities. When applying a stumble load, a collapse of the tibial reconstruction was noticed in the poor bone quality model. Incorporating postoperative bone loss led to a significant increase of the failure risk, particularly for the poor bone quality model in which subsidence of the tibial component was substantial. Our results suggest bone loss can lead to an increased risk of a collapse of the tibial component, particularly in case of poor bone quality at the time of surgery. The study also examined the probability of medial or lateral subsidence of the implant and aimed to improve clinical implications. The FEA model simulated plastic deformation of the bone and implant subsidence, with further validation required via mechanical experiments.
Patient and procedure characteristics associated with postoperative pain after prophylactic versus therapeutic ambulatory bilateral breast surgery
Authors: Simon Natalie B. , Assel Melissa , Serafin Joanna , McCready Taylor M. , Nelson Jonas A. , Vickers Andrew J. , Moo Tracy‐Ann , Tokita Hanae K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe investigated whether age, body mass index (BMI), and tissue expander placement were related to postoperative opioid requirement for patients undergoing therapeutic versus prophylactic breast surgery.MethodsPostoperative opioid consumption was evaluated for patients who underwent bilateral mastectomy with immediate implant‐based reconstruction at a freestanding ambulatory cancer surgery center between 2016 and 2021. Ordinal regression tested whether surgical indication was associated with increased postoperative opioid requirements after adjusting for age, BMI, and tissue expander placement.ResultsOf 2447 patients, 6% underwent prophylactic surgeries. Therapeutic mastectomy patients had lower postoperative opioid requirement (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.50−0.91; p = 0.030), but this was not significant after adjusting for covariates (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.53−1.07; p = 0.2). Opioid use increased with higher BMI (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.05−1.08; p < 0.001) and decreased with age (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96−0.98; p < 0.001) with therapeutic mastectomy patients being older (median 46 vs. 39). The subpectoral tissue expander group had nearly double the postoperative opioid requirement compared to prepectoral placement (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.55−2.23; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased postoperative opioid requirement in women undergoing prophylactic procedures is best explained by age. Mastectomy patients should be counseled similarly about postoperative pain irrespective of indication. A larger prophylactic mastectomy sample is required to provide more precise estimates.
Paraprofessional delivery of online narrative exposure therapy for firefighters
Authors: Olthuis Janine V. , Kaltenbach Elisa , Giberson Emma , Saryeddine Tina , Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Carleton R. Nicholas , Cramm Heidi , Crombach Anselm , Devlin Julie , Mack Jeff , Lingley‐Pottie Patricia , Rao Sanjay , Sullivan Michael , Wozney Lori , McGrath Patrick J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFirefighters are at increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and face numerous barriers to accessing mental health care. Innovative ways to increase access to evidence‐based interventions are needed. This study was a case series testing the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of a paraprofessional‐delivered, virtual narrative exposure therapy (eNET) intervention for PTSD. Participants were 21 firefighters who met the criteria for clinical or subclinical probable PTSD and completed 10–12 sessions of eNET via videoconference. Participants completed self‐report measures pre‐ and postintervention and at 2‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups as well as a postintervention qualitative interview. Paired samples t tests evidenced statistically significant decreases in PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptom severity and functional impairment from pre‐ to postintervention, ds = 1.08–1.33, and in PTSD and anxiety symptom severity and functional impairment from preintervention to 6‐month follow‐up, ds = 0.69–1.10. The average PTSD symptom severity score fell from above to below the clinical cutoff for probable PTSD at postintervention and follow‐ups. Qualitative interviews indicated that paraprofessionals were considered central to participants’ success and experience with the intervention. No adverse events or safety concerns were raised. This study is an important step in demonstrating that appropriately trained and supervised paraprofessionals can effectively deliver eNET to firefighters with PTSD.
Biocatalytic Production of Bioactive Dipeptides
Authors: Bordewick Sven Ingo , Berger Ralf G. 
Published: June 2023

Dipeptides are a promising substance class with a large variety of bioactivities. N‐terminal ar‐ ginyl dipeptides (Arg‐X) have been shown to exhibit both salt‐taste enhancing (Arg‐Ser among others) and antihypertensive properties (Arg‐Phe). A novel biocatalytic strategy for the specific synthesis of these dipeptides is the application of L‐amino acid ligases like RizA from B. subtilis, which enables production of Arg‐X dipeptides directly from their amino acids. However, challenges for an industrial application are the dependence on the expensive cofactor ATP (adenosine triphosphate), low product yields, formation of the undesired side product Arg Arg and the potentially high enzyme costs.In order to reduce the need for ATP, a strategy for ATP regeneration from acetyl phosphate was established using acetate kinase from E. coli (AckA). Up to 5.9 g/L Arg‐Ser were produced, corresponding to an ATP efficiency of 23 g Arg‐Ser per gram ATP (without regeneration max. 0.5 g Arg‐Ser/g ATP). Next, variants of RizA were created to alter the substrate specificity. A total of 21 RizA variants were created by site‐directed mutagenesis of eight positions in the substrate binding pocket. Additional 14 variants were created by combination of different mutations. Variants with improved activity and specificity were identified for all five examined amino acid combinations (Arg + Arg, Asp, Ser, Ala, Phe). The largest change was observed for K83F_S156A, which improved the product formation of Arg‐Phe six‐fold and improved specificity more than tenfold. Finally, co immobilization of RizA and selected variants with AckA was performed to enable reusability of this biocatalytic system. Immobilisates of T81F_A158S produced up to 3.0 g/L Arg Ser and immobilisates of K83F_S156A produced up to 3.8 g/L Arg‐Phe and could both be reused several times.This thesis represents the first extensive scientific investigation into establishing ATP regeneration for an L‐amino acid ligase and co‐immobilization of such a biocatalytic system, and substantially expanded the knowledge about engineering the substrate specificity of L amino acid ligases.
Using machine learning to achieve simultaneous, georeferenced surveys of fish and benthic communities on shallow coral reefs
Authors: Miller Scott D. , Dubel Alexandra K. , Adam Thomas C. , Cook Dana T. , Holbrook Sally J. , Schmitt Russell J. , Rassweiler Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurveying coastal systems to estimate distribution and abundance of fish and benthic organisms is labor‐intensive, often resulting in spatially limited data that are difficult to scale up to an entire reef or island. We developed a method that leverages the automation of a machine learning platform, CoralNet, to efficiently and cost‐effectively allow a single observer to simultaneously generate georeferenced data on abundances of fish and benthic taxa over large areas in shallow coastal environments. Briefly, a researcher conducts a fish survey while snorkeling on the surface and towing a float equipped with a handheld GPS and a downward‐facing GoPro, passively taking ~ 10 photographs per meter of benthos. Photographs and surveys are later georeferenced and photographs are automatically annotated by CoralNet. We found that this method provides similar biomass and density values for common fishes as traditional scuba‐based fish counts on fixed transects, with the advantage of covering a larger area. Our CoralNet validation determined that while photographs automatically annotated by CoralNet are less accurate than photographs annotated by humans at the level of a single image, the automated approach provides comparable or better estimations of the percent cover of the benthic substrates at the level of a minute of survey (~ 50 m2 of reef) due to the volume of photographs that can be automatically annotated, providing greater spatial coverage of the site. This method can be used in a variety of shallow systems and is particularly advantageous when spatially explicit data or surveys of large spatial extents are necessary.
Diffraction Neural Network for Multi‐Source Information of Arrival Sensing
Authors: Huang Min , Zheng Bin , Li Ruichen , Li Xiaofeng , Zou Yijun , Cai Tong , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll‐optical diffractive neural networks (DNNs) based on passive structures have been shown to perform complicated functions by optical acceleration, thus reforming in situ applications requiring digital computing processing. Its stable, compact, and passive features make it suitable for many conventional applications in complex electromagnetic environments. Here, a DNN based on a multilayer passive metasurface array is presented to estimate the information of arrival (IOA) over a wide range of frequency bands and incident angles. Unlike traditional methods, multiple correlated or coherent electromagnetic signals interfere with each other, resulting in difficult separation which is a fundamental obstacle in multi‐source IOA detection. Here, the proposed diffraction system creates separate virtual channels to isolate and process different incoming waves. It recognizes and classifies the beams, focuses them on the output plane divided by the arrival angle and working frequency, and displays the IOA and number of sources in real time at the speed of light. Furthermore, the massive‐parallelism and data‐post‐processing‐free strategy allows for broader applications in harsh environments, such as seismic detection and underwater circumstances.
Multifilament Collagen Fiber Bundles with Tendon‐like Structure and Mechanical Performance
Authors: Yaghoobi Hessameddin , Clarke Alison , Kerr Gavin , Frampton John , Kreplak Laurent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCollagen multifilament bundles comprised of thousands of monofilaments are prepared by multipin contact drawing of an entangled polymer solution consisting of collagen and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The multifilament bundles are hydrated in graded concentrations of PEO and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to promote assembly of collagen fibrils within each monofilament while preserving the structure of the multifilament bundle. Multiscale structural characterization reveals that the hydrated multifilament bundle contains properly folded collagen molecules packed in collagen fibrils containing microfibrils, staggered by exactly one‐sixth of the microfibril D‐band spacing to produce a periodicity of 11 nm. Sequence analysis predicts that in this structure, phenylalanine residues are close enough within and between microfibrils to become ultraviolet C (UVC) crosslinked. In agreement with this analysis, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus of the hydrated collagen multifilament bundles crosslinked by UVC radiation increase nonlinearly with total UVC energy to reach values in the range of native tendons without damage to the collagen molecules. This fabrication method recapitulates the structure of a tendon across multiple length scales and offers tunability in tensile properties using only collagen molecules and no other chemical additives in addition to PEO, which is almost entirely removed during the hydration process.
Progress in Photocurable 3D Printing of Photosensitive Polyurethane: A Review
Authors: Fei Jianhua , Rong Youjie , Zhu Lisheng , Li Huijie , Zhang Xiaomin , Lu Ying , An Jian , Bao Qingbo , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, as a class of advanced additive manufacturing (AM) technology, photocurable 3D printing has gained increasing attention. Based on its outstanding printing efficiency and molding accuracy, it is employed in various fields, such as industrial manufacturing, biomedical, soft robotics, electronic sensors. Photocurable 3D printing is a molding technology based on the principle of area‐selective curing of photopolymerization reaction. At present, the main printing material suitable for this technology is the photosensitive resin, a composite mixture consisting of a photosensitive prepolymer, reactive monomer, photoinitiator, and other additives. As the technique research deepens and its application gets more developed, the design of printing materials suitable for different applications is becoming the hotspot. Specifically, these materials not only can be photocured but also have excellent properties, such as elasticity, tear resistance, fatigue resistance. Photosensitive polyurethanes can endow photocured resin with desirable performance due to their unique molecular structure including the inherent alternating soft and hard segments, and microphase separation. For this reason, this review summarizes and comments on the research and application progress of photocurable 3D printing of photosensitive polyurethanes, analyzing the advantages and shortcomings of this technology, also offering an outlook on this rapid development direction.
Increased Frequency of Self‐Reported Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Functional Movement Disorders
Authors: Nováková Lucia , Anýž Jiří , Forejtová Zuzana , Rošíková Tereza , Věchetová Gabriela , Sojka Petr , Růžička Evžen , Serranová Tereza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional movement disorders (FMD) are associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) in FMD.MethodsA total of 167 consecutive patients with clinically definite FMD (mean age = 44.4 years, standard deviation [SD] = 12.0, 119 females) and 145 healthy controls (mean age = 43.2 years, SD = 11.8, 103 females) completed the Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory‐Revised (OCI‐R), which is a widely used tool for assessing OCS. The cutoff score ≥21 is indicative of clinically significant obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Motor symptom severity was assessed using the Simplified FMD Rating Scale (S‐FMDRS). All subjects completed questionnaires for depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue, cognitive complaints, health‐related quality of life, and childhood trauma. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five questionnaire.ResultsFMD patients had higher mean OCI‐R score and higher proportion of individuals with OCI‐R ≥ 21 42%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (30.2, 54.6) versus 16%, 95% CI = (8.2, 28.2) in controls, P < 0.001. Patients had higher scores in three domains: checking, ordering, and obsessing (P < 0.001). FMD patients with OCI‐R score ≥21 had higher depression, anxiety, cognitive complaints, and lower quality of life compared to those with score <21 (P < 0.001). No correlation between OCI‐R and S‐FMDRS scores was found.ConclusionsFMD patients reported higher rates of OCS compared to controls, along with higher rates of non‐motor symptoms and lower quality of life. This finding may have clinical implications and raises the possibility of shared risk factors and common pathophysiological mechanisms in FMD and OCD.