bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riding out the storm: depleted fat stores and elevated hematocrit in a small bodied endotherm exposed to severe weather
Authors: Freeman N E , Gustafson M , Hefley T J , Boyle W A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the mid-continental grasslands of North America, climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Increasingly severe storms and prolonged periods of elevated temperatures can impose challenges that adversely affect an individual's condition and, ultimately, survival. However, despite mounting evidence that extreme weather events, such as heavy rain storms, can impose short-term physiological challenges, we know little regarding the putative costs of such weather events. To determine the consequences of extreme weather for small endotherms, we tested predictions of the relationships between both severe precipitation events and wet bulb temperatures (an index that combines temperature and humidity) prior to capture with body composition and hematocrit of grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) caught during the breeding season at the Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas, USA, between 2014 and 2016. We measured each individual's fat mass, lean mass and total body water using quantitative magnetic resonance in addition to their hematocrit. Individuals exposed to storms in the 24 hours prior to capture had less fat reserves, more lean mass, more water and higher hematocrit than those exposed to moderate weather conditions. Furthermore, individuals stored more fat if they experienced high wet bulb temperatures in the week prior to capture. Overall, the analysis of these data indicate that extreme weather events take a physiological toll on small endotherms, and individuals may be forced to deplete fat stores and increase erythropoiesis to meet the physiological demands associated with surviving a storm. Elucidating the potential strategies used to cope with severe weather may enable us to understand the energetic consequences of increasingly severe weather in a changing world.
Does Emergency Rule Help Counterinsurgents? Testing the Hearts and Minds Theories
Authors: Aydin Aysegul , Gray Anna Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIs popular support necessary to win counterinsurgency wars? We argue that countries that adopt extralegal frameworks to defeat insurgencies are less likely to win counterinsurgency wars because although greater civilian control helps cut insurgent logistics, it complicates the process of winning hearts and minds among civilians. We test this argument with new data on emergency rule in the post-1918 period. We find that the timing of emergency declarations matters: Counterinsurgents that delay the declaration of such regulations signal their desperation to sift through civilian populations and find insurgents without legal ramifications, reducing civilian support, and decreasing their chances of winning.
Assessing the stability of AOD1B atmosphere–ocean non-tidal background modelling for climate applications of satellite gravity data: long-term trends and 3-hourly tendencies
Authors: Shihora Linus , Balidakis Kyriakos , Dill Robert , Dobslaw Henryk 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYThe GRACE Atmosphere and Ocean Level-1B (AOD1B) product is routinely applied in the processing of satellite gravimetry data to mitigate the impact of temporal aliasing. Spurious trends, low-frequency signals or bias jumps in the background model data can, if unaccounted for, introduce biases into the global gravity solutions which might be interpreted erroneously in subsequent geophysical analyses. Here, we examine the most recent release, RL07, of AOD1B for such artefacts. A focus is placed on the transition from the atmospheric re-analysis ERA5 to operational weather model data, in January 2018, which coincides with the gap between the missions GRACE and GRACE-FO. We find that linear trends computed from 1975 to 2020 are well below 30 Pa a–1 for all components of RL07. The assessment of 3-hourly tendencies gives no indication of bias jumps and shows that the transition in atmospheric data does not have an adverse effect on the consistency of RL07. We conclude with a comparison of the variability of both AOD1B RL06 and RL07 in the context of their application in satellite gravimetry.
Polynomial stability and weak stabilization for some partial functional differential equations with delay
Authors: Boumasmoud Soufiane , Ezzinbi Khalil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe feedback stabilization of a class of delayed evolution equations in real Hilbert space is considered. By virtue of an observability-type inequality and a delayed control, sufficient conditions ensuring the strong and weak stabilization are provided. For the strong stabilization, the speed of convergence is successfully established. Various applications with numerical simulations are considered.
Constructing the Virasoro Groups Using Differential Cohomology
Authors: Debray Arun , Liu Yu Leon , Weis Christoph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Virasoro groups are a family of central extensions of $\textrm{Diff}^+(S^1)$, the group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of $S^1$, by the circle group $\mathbb T$. We give a novel, geometric construction of these central extensions using “off-diagonal” differential lifts of the first Pontryagin class, thus affirmatively answering a question of Freed–Hopkins.
Whose Revisionism, Which International Order? Social Structure and Its Discontents
Authors: Kustermans Jorg , de Carvalho Benjamin , Beaumont Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile the distinction between status quo and revisionist states is well established in International Relations, only more recently have scholars begun to refine the concept of revisionism itself, emphasizing that revisionism comes in different forms. A number of typologies have been introduced to capture this diversity. In this article, we offer a critique of these typologies, highlighting how many of these works elide the rule-governed and contextual nature of what counts as revisionism. Building on an understanding of international orders as social structures, we argue that the revisionist character of state conduct can only be determined with reference to the conception of the legitimate ends and means current in a particular international order. This leads us to distinguish between three types of revisionism: competitive revisionism that is transgressive of the legitimate means; creative revisionism that is transgressive of the legitimate ends; and revolutionary revisionism that is transgressive of legitimate ends and means. We further emphasize that determining the revisionist character of state conduct always involves interpretation and judgment. The concern for analytical precision conveyed by the development of different typologies of revisionism must therefore be followed by an equally deliberate concern for the politics of revisionism—in both theory and practice.
Trophic preferences of Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: Culicidae): what implications for malaria vector control in Benin?
Authors: Padonou Germain Gil , Zoungbédji David Mahouton , Sovi Arthur , Salako Albert Sourou , Konkon Alphonse Keller , Yovogan Boulais , Adoha Constantin Jesukèdè , Odjo Esdras Mahoutin , Osse Razaki , Sina Haziz , Govoétchan Renaud , Kpanou Casimir Dossou , Sagbohan Hermann W , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Akogbéto Martin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to assess the preferences in terms of vertebrate hosts of Anopheles coluzzii, the main malaria vector in the pastoral area of Malanville, Benin, where rice cultivation and livestock are the main source of income for the populations. Adult mosquitoes were collected through pyrethrum spray catch, and human landing catch in two communes in Benin: Malanville, a pastoral area, and Porto-Novo, a nonpastoral area. Molecular species identification was performed through PCR within the Anopheles gambiae complex. Blood meal origin and P. falciparum sporozoite infection were determined using ELISA blood meal and circumsporozoite protein tests, respectively. Overall, 97% of females of An. gambiae s.l. were An. coluzzii, with biting behavior more pronounced outdoors in the pastoral area. In Malanville, the main vertebrate hosts on which females An. coluzzii blood fed were goats (44%), humans (24.29%), bovines (22%), and pigs (1.4%). Our results also showed that single-host blood meals (human: 24.29% or animal: 68%) were mostly observed compared to mixed blood meals (8.58%). The human biting rate (HBR) and P. falciparum sporozoite rate (SR) of An. coluzzii were 66.25 bites/man/night and 0.77%, respectively. However, in the nonpastoral zone (Porto-novo), 93.98% of samples were An. coluzzii. The latter blood-fed mostly (86.84%) on humans, with an estimated HBR of 21.53 b/m/n and SR of 5.81%. The present study revealed an opportunistic and zoophagic behavior of An. coluzzii in the Malanville area with an overall low mean SR.
The Efficiency ofSchistosoma mansoniCrude Antigens in Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein, Apoptosis, and Lysosomal Activity: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed , Alotaibi Meshal , Ramadan Nancy K , Abd ElHafeez Hanan H , Abdel-Hakeem Sara Salah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe adverse impact of schistosomiasis on tissues is considered in generating a schistosomal vaccine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Schistosoma mansoni crude antigens as a therapeutic and prophylactic formulation in the inhibition of heat shock protein, apoptosis, and CD3/CD20 expression in a liver and spleen mouse models using the immunohistochemistry method. A total of 65 mice were divided into five groups: (i) infected untreated group (G1), (ii) therapeutic treated group (G2) with egg soluble egg antigen (SEA), and soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP), (iii) prophylactically treated group (G3) with cercarial antigen preparation (CAP), (iv) combined treated group with three antigens (G4), and (v) control group (G5). The results we obtained showed that CAP, SEA, and SWAP antigens mitigated the deterioration and inflammation induced by infection. Apoptosis and sinusoidal injuries were significantly reduced when treated with CAP antigen before infection. After infection, using SEA and SWAP antigens may help lighten the liver's load. A high degree of activation in T and B cells in the liver and spleen is linked to this. Our findings shed light on the immunological mechanisms that contribute to the recovery from therapy and vaccination against schistosome damage.
Unusual enantioselective cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation and photosensitization of the chiral Ru(II) cationic complex via simple ion-pairing with lipophilic weak acid counter-anions
Authors: Chao Xi-Juan , Huang Chun-Hua , Tang Miao , Yan Zhu-Ying , Huang Rong , Li Yan , Zhu Ben-Zhan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Targeted and enantioselective delivery of chiral diagnostic-probes and therapeutics into specific compartments inside cells is of utmost importance in the improvement of disease detection and treatment. The classical DNA ‘light-switch’ ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl complex, [Ru(DIP)2(dppz)]Cl2 (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine) has been shown to be accumulated only in the cytoplasm and membrane, but excluded from its intended nuclear DNA target. In this study, the cationic [Ru(DIP)2(dppz)]2+ is found to be redirected into live-cell nucleus in the presence of lipophilic 3,5-dichlorophenolate or flufenamate counter-anions via ion-pairing mechanism, while maintaining its original DNA recognition characteristics. Interestingly and unexpectedly, further studies show that only the Δ-enantiomer is selectively translocated into nucleus while the Λ-enantiomer remains trapped in cytoplasm, which is found to be mainly due to their differential enantioselective binding affinities with cytoplasmic proteins and nuclear DNA. More importantly, only the nucleus-relocalized Δ-enantiomer can induce obvious DNA damage and cell apoptosis upon prolonged visible-light irradiation. Thus, the use of Δ-enantiomer can significantly reduce the dosage needed for maximal treatment effect. This represents the first report of enantioselective targeting and photosensitization of classical Ru(II) complex via simple ion-pairing with suitable weak acid counter-anions, which opens new opportunities for more effective enantioselective cancer treatment.
The molecular grammar of protein disorder guiding genome-binding locations
Authors: Jonas Felix , Carmi Miri , Krupkin Beniamin , Steinberger Joseph , Brodsky Sagie , Jana Tamar , Barkai Naama 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) direct transcription factors (TFs) towards selected genomic occurrences of their binding motif, as exemplified by budding yeast's Msn2. However, the sequence basis of IDR-directed TF binding selectivity remains unknown. To reveal this sequence grammar, we analyze the genomic localizations of &gt;100 designed IDR mutants, each carrying up to 122 mutations within this 567-AA region. Our data points at multivalent interactions, carried by hydrophobic—mostly aliphatic—residues dispersed within a disordered environment and independent of linear sequence motifs, as the key determinants of Msn2 genomic localization. The implications of our results for the mechanistic basis of IDR-based TF binding preferences are discussed.
Automating microbial taxonomy workflows with PHANTASM: PHylogenomic ANalyses for the TAxonomy and Systematics of Microbes
Authors: Wirth Joseph S , Bush Eliot C 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes have been used to inform the taxonomic placement of prokaryotes for several decades. Whole-genome approaches can better resolve evolutionary relationships of organisms, but these analyses often require computational proficiencies that are uncommon among microbiologists. PHANTASM is a new tool capable of automating these workflows. This tool was designed to work for a wide range of prokaryotes and is the first example of an automated reconciliation of NCBI’s Taxonomy database with that of the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). In this study, we describe the workflow of PHANTASM and provide several examples of results generated by it. The source code is freely-available on GitHub. In order to facilitate the ease-of-access for researchers, PHANTASM is also available as a Docker image. While other tools exist to facilitate starting points for these analyses, PHANTASM provides users with a greater degree of control and produces outputs that can be used to make publication-quality figures.
Concurrent Control of Two Aphid-Borne Potyviruses in Cucurbits by Two-in-One Vaccine
Authors: Tran Thi-Ngoc-Bich , Cheng Hao-Wen , Xie Xing-Yun , Raja Joseph A. J. , Yeh Shyi-Dong 
Published: March 2023

The application of attenuated viruses has been widely practiced for protecting crops from infection by related severe strains of the same species. Papaya ringspot virus W-type (PRSV W) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) devastate cucurbits worldwide. However, the prevailing of these two viruses in cucurbits cannot be prevented by a single protective virus. In this study, we disclosed that co-infection of horn melon plants by two mild strains, PRSV P-type (PRSV P) HA5-1 and ZYMV-ZAC (a previously developed mild mutant of ZYMV) confers concurrent protection against PRSV P and ZYMV. Consequently, mild mutants of PRSV W were created by site-directed mutagenesis through modifications of the pathogenicity motifs FRNK and PD in helper component-protease (HC-Pro). A stable PRSV W mutant WAC (PRSV-WAC) with R181I and D397N mutations in HC-Pro was generated, inducing mild mottling, followed by symptomless recovery in cucurbits. Horn melon plants pre-infected by PRSV-WAC and ZYMV-ZAC showed no apparent interference on viral accumulation with no synergistic effects on symptoms. An agroinfiltration assay of mixed HC-Pros of WACHC-Pro + ZACHC-Pro revealed no additive effect of RNA silencing suppression. PRSV-WAC or ZYMV-ZAC alone only antagonized a severe strain of homologous virus, while co-infection with these two mild strains provided complete protection against both PRSV W and ZYMV. Similar results were reproduced in muskmelon and watermelon plants, indicating the feasibility of a two-in-one vaccine for concurrent control of PRSV W and ZYMV in cucurbits.
Genome Sequence Resource for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice) Isolated from Pakistan
Authors: Ejaz Khansa , Zakria Muhammad , Tapia Jose Huguet , Zhang Peiqi , Faiq Ali , Ahsan Rafia , Arif M. , Asif M. , White Frank F. , Yasmin Sumera 
Published: March 2023

Bacterial leaf blight, one of the most destructive diseases of rice, is prevalent in the major rice-growing regions of the world. Bacterial leaf blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo) and greatly affects the quantity and quality of the rice crop. We sequenced the whole genome of Xoo isolated from a Basmati rice-growing region of Pakistan using long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. About 637 MB of data was retrieved, corresponding to 133× genome sequencing coverage. The final assembly yields a circular chromosome of 4,930,682 bp. The complete genome of the Xoo isolate from Pakistan will enhance sequence resources for global comparison of Xoo diversity across the region. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Value of Applying a Continuous Nursing Model Based on Virtual Platforms for Patients with Colostomy or Ileostomy
Authors: Hao Ju , Xu Yanyan , Li Huiyan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To explore the application potential of continuous nursing training based on a comprehensive virtual platform in patients with colostomy or ileostomy.

METHODS
A total of 100 patients with colostomy or ileostomy were equally divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received standardized routine care, whereas patients in the experimental group received continuous nursing care through the virtual platform. Both the control group and the experimental group were followed up by regular telephone calls once per week and completed the following questionnaires both 1 week after discharge and 3 months after discharge: Stoma Care Self-efficacy Scale, Exercise of Self-care Agency Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire, and a questionnaire on postoperative complications.

RESULTS
Patients in the experimental group, who received continuous care, exhibited significantly higher scores in self-efficacy (P = .029), self-care responsibility (P = 0.030), state anxiety and trait anxiety (both Ps < .001), and mental health (P < .001) 1 week after discharge in comparison with patients in the control group. At 3 months postdischarge, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant advantages in all dimensions of self-efficacy, self-care ability, mental health, and quality-of-life questionnaires (P < .001). In addition, the incidence of complications in the experimental group was significantly lower (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The virtual platform-based continuous nursing model effectively improves the self-care ability and self-efficacy of patients with a colostomy or ileostomy after colorectal cancer, thereby promoting an improved quality of life and psychological state while simultaneously reducing the incidence of complications after discharge.
Association Between the Bone Density of Posterior Fusion Mass and Mechanical Complications After Thoracolumbar Three-Column Osteotomy for Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Cho Jae Hwan , Lau Darryl , Ashayeri Kimberly , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective comparative study

Objective.
To assess the relationship of fusion mass bone density on computed tomography (CT) and the development of rod fractures (RFs) and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK).

Summary of Background Data.
Few studies have evaluated the relationship of fusion mass bone density to mechanical complications.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective review of adult spinal deformity patients who underwent thoracolumbar three-column osteotomy from 2007 to 2017 was performed. All patients underwent routine 1-year CT imaging and had at least 24 months follow-up. Posterior fusion mass bone density was evaluated by measuring hounsfield unit (HU) on CT in three different regions [upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), lower instrumented vertebra, and osteotomy site], and were compared between patients with and without mechanical complications.

Results:
A total of 165 patients (63.2 years, 33.5% male) were included. Overall PJK rate was 18.8%, and 35.5% of these underwent PJK revision. There was significantly lower density of posterior fusion mass at the UIV in patients who experienced PJK compared with patients without PJK (431.5HU vs. 537.4HU, P=0.026). Overall RF rate was 34.5% and 61.4% of these underwent revision for RFs. Among 57 patients with RFs, 71.9% had pseudarthrosis. Fusion mass density did not differ between patients with or without RFs. However, in RF patients with pseudarthrosis, there was significantly higher bone mass density near the osteotomy compared with those without pseudarthrosis (515.7HU vs. 354.2HU, P=0.012). There were no differences in radiographic sagittal measures between the patients with and without RF or PJK.

Conclusions:
Patients with PJK tend to have less dense posterior fusion mass at the UIV. Fusion mass density does not correlate with RF, but greater bone density near the osteotomy was correlated with accompanying pseudarthrosis in patients with RFs. Assessing density of posterior fusion mass on CT may be helpful in assessing risk for PJK and provide insight as to the causes of RFs.
Trends in Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Diversity in Orthopedic Surgery Spine Fellowships From 2007 to 2021
Authors: Trenchfield Delano , Murdock Christopher J. , Destine Henson , Jain Amit , Lord Elizabeth , Aiyer Amiethab 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Descriptive

Objective.
The objective of this study is to analyze trends in racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in orthopedic spine surgery fellowship trainees.

Summary of Background Data.
Orthopedic surgery has consistently been labeled as one of the least diverse fields in Medicine. Although some effort has been made to combat this in recent years at the residency level, it is uncertain whether spine fellowships have had any changes in fellow demographics.

Materials and Methods.
Fellowship demographic data were collected through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Data collected included gender (male, female, and not reported) and race (White, Asian, Black, Hispanic, Native Hawaiians, American Indian or Alaskan Native, other, and unknown). Percentage equivalents were calculated for each group from 2007 to 2008 to 2020 to 2021. A χ2 test for trend (Cochran-Armitage test) was done to determine whether there was a significant change in percentages of each race and gender during the study period. The results were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.

Results.
White, Non-Hispanic males represent the largest proportion of orthopedic spine fellowship positions each year. From 2007 to 2021, there were no significant changes in the representation of any race or gender of orthopedic spine fellows. Males ranged from 81% to 95%, Whites from 28% to 66%, Asians from 9% to 28%, Blacks from 3% to 16%, and Hispanics from 0% to 10%. Native Hawaiians and American Indians remained at 0% for all years included in the study. Females and all races, excluding Whites, continue to be under-represented in orthopedic spine fellowship.

Conclusions.
Orthopedic spine surgery fellowship programs have not made substantial progress in diversifying its population. More attention is needed to increase diversity in residency programs through pipeline programs, increased mentorship and sponsorship, and early exposure to the field.

Level of Evidence.
1.