bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Business Model of Creative and Cultural Organizations Participating in the European Capital of Culture Program
Authors: Schiuma Giovanni , Carlucci Daniela , Santarsiero Francesco , Lagrutta Rosaria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is an interesting debate around the role played by a European Capital of Culture (ECoC)—a city designated as a cultural capital in its subregion and beyond—in the development and growth of creative and cultural organizations working in that city. While it is widely acknowledged that the mega-event of designating a city as an ECoC has an impact on the city’s broader profile and can improve the credibility of the city’s creative offerings, creative and cultural organizations engaged with the development of such mega-events have had a variety of experiences. This chapter describes the impacts on the business model of some creative and cultural organizations that experienced Matera ECoC 2019, exploring and analyzing them through the lens of the Business Model Prism, a multidimensional framework describing the structure and logic of the business model of a creative and cultural organization. The exploratory research involved five cultural organizations that led as many big projects within the Matera ECoC 2019 program. The analysis of cases reveals various impacts and confirms the importance of a mega-event like ECoC in boosting business model improvement and generating new growth opportunities. After providing a short view on the evaluation of ECoC impacts, the chapter describes the Business Model Prism and the findings of the case studies analysis. Finally, the chapter provides some concluding remarks and suggests future avenues of research.
The Globalized and Changing Landscape of the Arts
Authors: Luigi Sacco Pier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic shock, the global landscape of cultural and creative production was showing clear signs of a new cycle of globalization, in which the consolidated centrality of US, and more generally Western, cultural and creative production gradually gave way to a more geographically and culturally varied geography, with the emergence of new global players. This chapter considers in particular four main trends: the shifting geography of cultural production; the emergence of participatory, decentralized content creation; the evolution of digital mega-platforms; and the tension between democratic and authoritarian forces at the global scale. The red thread behind this rapidly evolving global scenario is an increasing agency given to, or appropriated from, what was previously the passive public of mass culture, also thanks to the new possibilities opened by digital production of cultural contents that dramatically favors a democratization of content production. These bottom-up forms of production prove to be especially relevant in the post-pandemic scenario, where culture will likely connect to crucial policy topics such as rebuilding social cohesion, addressing post-pandemic mental health issues, and favoring active citizenship and inclusion. This chapter analyzes the global context, presents some emerging practices, and discusses possible future scenarios.
Medicine
Authors: Leith David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to give a general and comparative overview of the most prominent cases of philosophical influence on medicine during the Roman period, mediated principally by the so-called medical haireseis, or “sects.” It will focus on the most influential medical sects and authorities that either grew up in Rome or that seem to have developed significantly there, looking at each in turn—namely the Asclepiadeans, Pneumatists, Empiricists, Methodists, and Galen. The individuality of each will be emphasized, through both their doctrines or methodologies and their later impact, and the ways in which they reacted to each other and interacted with the philosophical schools.
Structural and functional regulation of Chlamydomonas lysosome-related organelles during environmental changes
Authors: Long Huan , Fang Jinhua , Ye Lian , Zhang Baolong , Hui Colleen , Deng Xuan , Merchant Sabeeha S , Huang Kaiyao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a class of heterogeneous organelles conserved in eukaryotes that primarily play a role in storage and secretion. An important function of LROs is to mediate metal homeostasis. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying metal ion metabolism; however, structural and functional analyses of LROs in C. reinhardtii are insufficient. Here, we optimized a method for purifying these organelles from 2 populations of cells: stationary phase or overloaded with iron. The morphology, elemental content, and lysosomal activities differed between the 2 preparations, even though both have phosphorus and metal ion storage functions. LROs in stationary phase cells had multiple non-membrane-bound polyphosphate granules to store phosphorus. Those in iron-overloaded cells were similar to acidocalcisomes (ACs), which have a boundary membrane and contain 1 or 2 large polyphosphate granules to store more phosphorus. We established a method for quantifying the capacity of LROs to sequester individual trace metals. Based on a comparative proteomic analysis of these 2 types of LROs, we present a comprehensive AC proteome and identified 113 putative AC proteins. The methods and protein inventories provide a framework for studying the biogenesis and modification of LROs and the mechanisms by which they participate in regulating metal ion metabolism.
Passive dynamics regulates aperiodic transitions in flapping wing systems
Authors: Majumdar Dipanjan , Ravi Sridhar , Sarkar Sunetra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural and artificial flapping wing flyers generally do not exhibit chaos or aperiodic dynamic modes, though several experimental and numerical studies with canonical models of flapping foils have reported inevitable chaotic transition at high ranges of dynamic plunge velocity (κh). Here we considered the idealized case of a pitching–plunging flapping foil and numerically investigated the effects of passive pitching dynamics on the fluid forces and dynamical states, and compared it with a fully actuated wing. We found that in comparison to fully actuated foils, aperiodic transition can be avoided even for high κh when passive oscillations are allowed. Passive pitching modulated the relative foil orientation with respect to the incoming free stream to maintain a lower effective angle-of-attack throughout the stroke and reduced the leading-edge-vortex (LEV) strength. Absence of aperiodic triggers such as flow separation and strong LEVs keep the wake periodic, and chaotic transition is averted. In the presence of fluctuating inflow conditions, passive pitching attenuated the fluid loads experienced by the airfoil thus improving the wing’s gust mitigating potential. These findings highlight the favorable properties of passive dynamics in regularizing aerodynamic loads on flapping wing systems and presents viable solutions for artificial flying platforms.
Learning increases growth and reduces inequality in shared noisy environments
Authors: Kemp Jordan T , Bettencourt Luís M A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Stochastic multiplicative dynamics characterize many complex natural phenomena such as selection and mutation in evolving populations, and the generation and distribution of wealth within social systems. Population heterogeneity in stochastic growth rates has been shown to be the critical driver of wealth inequality over long time scales. However, we still lack a general statistical theory that systematically explains the origins of these heterogeneities resulting from the dynamical adaptation of agents to their environment. In this paper, we derive population growth parameters resulting from the general interaction between agents and their environment, conditional on subjective signals each agent perceives. We show that average wealth-growth rates converge, under specific conditions, to their maximal value as the mutual information between the agent’s signal and the environment, and that sequential Bayesian inference is the optimal strategy for reaching this maximum. It follows that when all agents access the same statistical environment, the learning process attenuates growth rate disparities, reducing the long-term effects of heterogeneity on inequality. Our approach shows how the formal properties of information underlie general growth dynamics across social and biological phenomena, including cooperation and the effects of education and learning on life history choices.
Toward carbon neutrality: Projecting a desert-based photovoltaic power network circumnavigating the globe
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Liu Junfeng , Ge Wendong , He Cenlin , Ma Jianmin , Tao Shu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Carbon, the human's most reliable fuel type in the past, must be neutralized in this century toward the Paris Agreement temperature goals. Solar power is widely believed a key fossil fuel substitute but suffers from the needs of large space occupation and huge energy storage for peak shaving. Here, we propose a solar network circumnavigating the globe to connecting large-scale desert photovoltaics among continents. By evaluating the generation potential of desert photovoltaic plants on each continent (taking dust accumulation into account) and the hourly maximum transmission potential that each inhabited continent can receive (taking transmission loss into account), we find that the current total annual human demand for electricity will be more than met by this solar network. The local imbalanced diurnal generation of photovoltaic energy can be made up by transcontinental power transmission from other power stations in the network to meet the hourly electricity demand. We also find that laying solar panels over a large space may darken the Earth's surface, but this albedo warming effect is orders of magnitude lower than that of CO2 released from thermal power plants. From practical needs and ecological effects, this powerful and stable power network with lower climate perturbability could potentially help to phase out global carbon emissions in the 21st century.
COMPARISON OF RADON EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS ON REFERENCE DEVICE IN OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP BY ALPHAGUARD IN FLOW-THROUGH MODE
Authors: Liu Shuaibin , Lin Fen , Fan Zhongkai , Hu Tao , Mo Yixiang , Yuan Shuai , Xie Ruomei , Li Huiying , Sun Jiale , Yi Haibo , Cheng Linquan , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Jiulin , Zhang Xinyi , Yuan Hongzhi , Tan Yanliang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Radon-222 (Rn-222) exhalation rate is vital for estimating radiation risk from many kinds of materials. AlphaGUARD measures the radon concentration based on the ionization chamber principle, which is currently recognized as a reference instrument to measure radon. In China, measurements of radon exhalation rate are performed by AlphaGUARD operated in flow-through mode on a reference device to verify measurement accuracy. These measurements are performed in both open and closed loop. AlphaGUARD can fast rapidly the variation of the radon concentration in the chamber, which is tightly pressed against the surface of the medium to accumulate the exhaled radon. When the model is used to obtain the radon exhalation rate, the radon exhalation rates obtained by nonlinear data fitting on the measured radon concentrations are similar to the reference value of the device. The difference of radon exhalation rate values of six measurements is small.
Neural Correlates of Psychopathic Traits in Schizophrenia: fMRI Study of Response Inhibition in Persistently Violent Patients
Authors: Krakowski Menahem I , Hoptman Matthew J , Czobor Pal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisPsychopathic traits play an important role in schizophrenia, particularly for violent behavior. There have been very few functional imaging studies (fMRI) examining the impact of brain dysfunction on psychopathic traits in schizophrenia. Our goal was to evaluate neural abnormalities underlying these traits through fMRI in violent subjects with schizophrenia (VS) and in 3 comparison groups: healthy controls (HC), nonviolent patients (NV), and nonpsychotic violent subjects (NPV).Study DesignfMRI imaging was used to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation in 95 subjects while they performed a Go/NoGo task: 26 VS, 25 NPV, 26 HC, and 18 NVS. Psychopathy was evaluated through the 2 factors of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL:SV). The subjects were also evaluated for psychiatric symptoms and for educational achievement.Study ResultsHypoactivation of brain areas involved in response inhibition was related to the severity of psychopathic traits in the violent patients with schizophrenia. These areas included frontal regions, cingulate cortex, insula, precuneus, and basal ganglia. This association was very strong for the first PCL:SV factor, the affective-interpersonal traits, and moderate for the second PCL:SV factor, the antisocial-impulsive traits. The latter traits were also linked to poor educational achievement.ConclusionsThe 2 psychopathic factors have different antecedents and are dissociable at the neural level in schizophrenia. Brain dysfunction is more strongly associated with the affective-interpersonal traits while the antisocial traits are associated with various factors. This has important implications for the conceptualization and treatment of violence in patients with schizophrenia.
Estimation of species divergence times in presence of cross-species gene flow
Authors: Tiley George P , Flouri Tomáš , Jiao Xiyun , Poelstra Jelmer W , Xu Bo , Zhu Tianqi , Rannala Bruce , Yoder Anne D , Yang Ziheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cross-species introgression can have significant impacts on phylogenomic reconstruction of species divergence events. Here, we used simulations to show how the presence of even a small amount of introgression can bias divergence time estimates when gene flow is ignored in the analysis. Using advances in analytical methods under the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model, we demonstrate that by accounting for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression using large phylogenomic data sets this problem can be avoided. The multispecies-coalescent-with-introgression (MSci) model is capable of accurately estimating both divergence times and ancestral effective population sizes, even when only a single diploid individual per species is sampled. We characterize some general expectations for biases in divergence time estimation under three different scenarios: 1) introgression between sister species, 2) introgression between non-sister species, and 3) introgression from an unsampled (i.e., ghost) outgroup lineage. We also conducted simulations under the isolation-with-migration (IM) model and found that the MSci model assuming episodic gene flow was able to accurately estimate species divergence times despite high levels of continuous gene flow. We estimated divergence times under the MSC and MSci models from two published empirical datasets with previous evidence of introgression, one of 372 target-enrichment loci from baobabs (Adansonia), and another of 1000 transcriptome loci from 14 species of the tomato relative, Jaltomata. The empirical analyses not only confirm our findings from simulations, demonstrating that the MSci model can reliably estimate divergence times but also show that divergence time estimation under the MSC can be robust to the presence of small amounts of introgression in empirical datasets with extensive taxon sampling. [divergence time; gene flow; hybridization; introgression; MSci model; multispecies coalescent]
Longitudinal depression screening of frontline critical care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Draganic Keri , Denke Linda , Atem Folefac D. , Kershaw Corey , Williams Kandace , England Victoria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the severity and longitudinal trends of depression in critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in the US during a global pandemic.

Methods:
The study employed longitudinal mixed methods. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), nurses were sent electronic surveys at baseline, 1 month, and between 3 and 6 months to measure the severity and trends of depression during the prevaccination stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. One-on-one interviews were conducted with critical care nurses to evaluate their depressive symptoms.

Results:
Forty-eight nurses completed the questionnaire at baseline, 40 completed 1-month surveys, and 20 completed the 3 to 6 month surveys. The mean PHQ-9 score was 5.85, 6.20, and 8.30 at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 to 6 months, respectively. PHQ-9 scores increased significantly over time (estimate = 1.120, P = .037). The probability of participants being moderately to severely depressed was 0.980 (P = .049) at baseline, 0.990 (P = .013) at 1 month, and 1.0 (P = .002) at 3 to 6 months. Fourteen nurses were included in a single, one-on-one interview. Eight major themes were found in qualitative analyses. For example, nurses expressed fear of spreading COVID-19 to their loved one and community. Common themes identified within the interviews included uncertainty, limited human interaction, fluctuations in mood, life is in my hands, a threat to others, positive and negative coping, nurses as scapegoats, and emerging vulnerability to COVID-19 exposure. All 14 nurses who were interviewed denied accessing any mental health services.

Conclusions:
More research is needed to evaluate critical care nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 and their levels of depression to improve practice at the bedside further and develop policies to promote their well-being.
COVID-19 Impact on Teaching Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Fay-Hillier Theresa , Regan Roseann V. , Murphy-Parker Dana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Vulnerable populations such as those with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at a higher risk for early morbidities and mortalities yet are less likely to receive primary care and other necessary psychosocial services essential for comprehensive care of these clients. This need has been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence supports an increase in alcohol sales in 2020, and overdoses from illicit drugs have been reported to have more than doubled by May 2020 from the 2018 and 2019 baseline rates, and one reason for these increases is because of COVID-19. The healthcare system is overwhelmed with the cost of treating and addressing the impact of SUDs. Individuals with SUDs often meet providers who are not sufficiently prepared to address their complex issues that include co-occurring mental and physical health disorders. In addition to changes in practice, nursing education must change their curricular approach to meet the challenges in health services across the life span, and nursing education should include lessons being learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses must be prepared to recognize and screen individuals for SUDs at the undergraduate level as well as assess and treat individuals with SUDs at the advanced practice level in all areas of healthcare services. SUDs should not continue to be siloed and separated into the psychiatric–mental health nursing course within the nursing curriculum but should be addressed in multiple specialties across the curricula and include health responses in regard to the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on SUDs.
The Effect of Video-Assisted Training and Visual Feedback With UV Germ Technology on Nursing Students' Hand Hygiene Beliefs, Practices, and Compliance
Authors: Karahan Okuroğlu Gülten , Kaynar Şimşek Aynur , Pazar Nazlı , Ecevit Alpar Şule 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most effective way to prevent health care–associated infections; however, HH compliance rates continue to be suboptimal.

Purpose:
To determine the effectiveness of video-assisted training and visual feedback with ultraviolet (UV) germ technology on nursing students' HH beliefs, practices, and compliance.

Methods:
This study used a double-blind, posttest randomized controlled design. The experimental group received training, visual feedback with UV germ technology, and instructional videos.

Results:
A total of 46 students were included in the study (experimental 21 and control 25). The mean score of the HH skills checklist of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .0001). The HH compliance rate was also higher in the experimental group (52.62%) compared with the control group (39.1%).

Conclusions:
The training, visual feedback with UV germ technology, and instructional videos increased HH compliance rates in nursing students.
The thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa of the axilla: A prospective comparative study
Authors: La Padula Simone , Pensato Rosita , Pizza Chiara , D’Andrea Francesco , Roccaro Giovanni , Meningaud Jean Paul , Hersant Barbara 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common chronical condition. It is often resistant to conservative treatment and requires a wide and aggressive surgical approach to avoid recurrence. A prospective study was compared comparing the outcomes of thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap-based reconstruction and secondary intention closure (SIC) following wide local excision (WLE) of axillary HS.

Material and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on sixty-eight patients suffering from stage III axillary HS. Thirty-three patients underwent a WLE procedure and were left to heal by secondary intention (SIC group), whereas 35 patients underwent immediate reconstruction with a homolateral TDAP flap (TDAP group). The inpatient stay, the healing time, the post-operative complications rate and pain were analysed in both groups, comparing preoperative shoulder function (using Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score), and quality of life (using a dermatology life quality index) with post-operative shoulder function and quality of life.

Results:
TDAP patients had significantly faster recovery, fewer complications, and fewer overall number of procedures than those who underwent SIC. All patients reported an improved quality of life after their operation and the TDAP group showed significantly more improvement than the SIC group (P<0.001). TDAP patients reported a significant reduction in pain/discomfort and a better shoulder function compared to SIC patients (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
WLE and TDAP flap-based reconstruction for axillary stage III HS provide optimal post-procedural functional results with a low complication rate. The complete remission of the disease was observed after the procedure. Despite the relatively slow learning curve of this procedure, we strongly recommend this technique as a very good option for the management of stage III axillary HS.