bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Parental Migration on Early Childhood Development of Left-Behind Children in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Khan Md Nuruzzaman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Bangladesh, as in other low- and middle-income countries, parents frequently migrate to other areas, often for employment opportunities, leaving their children behind with the hope that their earnings will contribute to securing a better future for them. However, the absence of parents due to migration can have negative implications for the well-being of these left-behind children. Despite the existence of studies investigating this phenomenon, the evidence thus far has produced inconclusive findings, with no specific data available from Bangladesh. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of parental migration on the early childhood development of left-behind children in Bangladesh.MethodsThe present study utilized data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2019. A sample of 8833 children aged 36-48 months was included in the analysis. The Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) and its individual domains served as the outcome variables of interest. The primary explanatory variables considered in the analysis were father migration, mother migration, migration of both parents, and migration of either parent. To assess the association between the outcomes and explanatory variables, multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed, controlling for relevant covariates. This analytical approach accounted for the hierarchical structure of the data and allowed for adjustments at multiple levels to obtain more accurate estimates.ResultsApproximately 29% of all children in the study were not developmentally on track, as measured by the ECDI. When examining the individual domains of the ECDI, only 9% of the total children demonstrated developmental progress in the learning domain. Regarding the association between parental migration and ECDI outcomes, we observed a 26% decrease in the likelihood of poor ECDI among children with a migrated father (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.54-0.93). This decrease became even more pronounced, reaching 37% (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.97), among children with both parents migrated, compared to children with neither parent migrated.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that parental migration, especially when both parents are involved, has a substantial negative impact on the likelihood of achieving favourable ECDI outcomes for children in Bangladesh. To ensure the optimal development of children with migrating parents, it is crucial to strengthen early childhood development education programs and implement robust social safety nets. These efforts should specifically target the unique needs and challenges faced by children with migrated parents, providing them with the necessary support and resources for their holistic development.
R2R3-MYB EVER links emission of volatiles with epicuticular wax biosynthesis in petunia petal epidermis
Authors: Skaliter Oded , Bednarczyk Dominika , Shor Ekaterina , Shklarman Elena , Manasherova Ekaterina , Aravena-Calvo Javiera , Kerzner Shane , Cna’ani Alon , Jasinska Weronika , Masci Tania , Dvir Gony , Edelbaum Orit , Spitzer-Rimon Ben , Brotman Yariv , Cohen Hagai , Vainstein Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe epidermal cells of petunia flowers are the main site of volatile emission. However, data on the mechanisms underlying the release of volatiles into the environment are lacking. Here, using cell-layer-specific transcriptomic analysis, reverse genetics by VIGS and CRISPR, and metabolomics we identified EPIDERMIS VOLATILE EMISSION REGULATOR (EVER)—a petal adaxial epidermis-specific MYB activator that affects the emission of volatiles. Using a three-step viral-based CRISPR/Cas9 editing system,everknockout lines were generated and together with transient suppression assays, revealed EVER’s involvement in the repression of low-vapor-pressure volatiles. Internal pools and annotated scent-related genes involved in production and emission were not affected by EVER. RNA-Seq analyses of petals ofeverknockout lines andEVER-overexpressing flowers revealed enrichment in wax-related biosynthesis genes. LC/GC-MS analyses of petal epicuticular waxes revealed substantial reductions in wax loads ineverpetals, particularly of monomers of fatty acids and wax esters. These results implicate EVER in the emission of volatiles by fine-tuning the composition of petal epicuticular waxes. Thus, we reveal a petunia MYB regulator that interlinks epicuticular wax composition and volatile emission, thus unraveling a new regulatory layer in the scent-emission machinery in petunia flowers.
Feeding and swallowing outcomes of children receiving long-term ventilation: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Lee Sabrena , Marshall Jeanne , Clarke Michael , Smith Christina H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe last three decades have seen a growth in the number of children requiring long-term ventilation. Children with long-term ventilation present with underlying respiratory and neurological conditions that place them at risk of feeding and swallowing difficulties. To date, a scoping review or systematic review investigating the feeding and swallowing outcomes of children with long-term ventilation needs has not been conducted.AimsThis paper describes a protocol for a scoping review of the feeding and swallowing outcomes of children receiving long-term ventilation.MethodsThis scoping review protocol will utilize the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology guideline. Our review will focus on the feeding and swallowing outcomes of children aged 0 to 18 years with long-term ventilation needs. A full search strategy initially created by the authors and a research librarian was conducted on the PubMed database. Following this, pilot testing took place to determine discrepancies in eligibility criteria. A full search strategy will be conducted across several databases. A data extraction form has been developed by the authors and will be used during the scoping review process.DiscussionThis protocol has been created to provide a rigorous and comprehensive basis for undertaking a scoping review. All necessary steps have been completed in order to commence the scoping review.RegistrationThis scoping review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework on the 26thNovember 2021 (Registration DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/NQBPD)
Donor tissue-resident memory-like T and NK cells generate a transient peripheral chimerism in lung transplant recipients, potentially protective from chronic lung allograft dysfunction
Authors: Bellmàs-Sanz Ramon , Hitz Anna-Maria , Wiegmann Bettina , Kühne Jenny F. , Chichelnitskiy Evgeny , Kapellos Theodore S. , Bläsing Kim-Alina , Keil Jana , Beushausen Kerstin , Sommer Wiebke , Händler Kristian , Becker Matthias , Baßler Kevin , Horn Lisa-Marie , Jonigk Danny , Greer Mark , Haverich Axel , Schultze Joachim L. , Ius Fabio , Warnecke Gregor , Falk Christine S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLung transplantation (LTx) is the only definite treatment option of patients suffering from end- stage lung disease. Long-term outcome is hampered by chronic allograft dysfunction resulting from poorly defined immune mechanisms. In this study of 97 lung recipients, we demonstrate dynamic changes of T, B and NK cell subsets early after lung transplantation with a selective decrease in memory CD4+and CD8+T cells accompanied by a relative increase in NK cells. Simultaneously, donor-derived T and NK cells were detected in recipient blood (n=44) immediately after LTx, persisting for three weeks. Donor T and NK cells displayed a CD69+but CD103-CD49a-CD25-phenotype, which was shared by T and NK cells in lung perfusion solutions. In order to uncover the origin of these donor T and NK cells, the immune compartment of human lung explant tissue, i.e. trachea and parenchyma, was analyzed and it revealed three major subsets: classical circulating CD69-CD103-CD49a-T and NK cells, CD69+CD103+CD49a+tissue-resident memory (TRM) T and NK cells and CD69+CD103-CD49a-TRM-like T and NK cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the presence of TRM-like subsets with unique features, which reflected the phenotypes of donor T and NK cells and created a transient chimerism in recipient blood. Higher frequencies of donor T cells within the first three weeks showed a tendency for protection from chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) two years after transplantation although the correlation analyses did not reach statistical significance. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that a transient chimerism is established within the first weeks after lung transplantation by donor TRM- like T and NK cells, which may contribute to protection from chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) development.Single Sentence SummaryDonor TRM-like T and NK cells cause a transient chimerism in lung recipients and potentially contribute to protection from CLAD.
Surface temperatures are influenced by handling stress independently of corticosterone levels in wild king penguins(Aptenodytes patagonicus)
Authors: Lewden Agnès , Ward Chelsea , Noiret Aude , Avril Sandra , Abolivier Lucie , Gérard Caroline , Hammer Tracey L. , Raymond Émilie , Robin Jean-Patrice , Viblanc Vincent A. , Bize Pierre , Stier Antoine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAssessing the physiological stress responses of wild animals opens a window for understanding how organisms cope with environmental challenges. Since stress response is associated with changes in body temperature, the use of body surface temperature through thermal imaging could help to measure acute and chronic stress responses non-invasively. We used thermal imaging, acute handling-stress protocol and an experimental manipulation of corticosterone (the main glucocorticoid hormone in birds) levels in breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), to assess: 1. the potential contribution of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in mediating chronic and acute stress-induced changes in adult surface temperature, 2. the influence of HPA axis manipulation on parental investment through thermal imaging of eggs and brooded chicks, and 3. the impact of parental treatment on offspring thermal’s response to acute handling.Maximum eye temperature (Teye) increased and minimum beak temperature (Tbeak) decreased in response to handling stress in adults, but neither basal nor stress-induced surface temperatures were significantly affected by corticosterone implant. While egg temperature was not significantly influenced by parental treatment, we found a surprising pattern for chicks: chicks brooded by the (non-implanted) partner of corticosterone-implanted individuals exhibited higher surface temperature (bothTeyeandTbeak) than those brooded by glucocorticoid-implanted or control parents. Chick’s response to handling in terms of surface temperature was characterized by a drop in bothTeyeandTbeakindependently of parental treatment.We conclude that the HPA axis seems unlikely to play a major role in determining chronic or acute changes in surface temperature in king penguins. Changes in surface temperature may primarily be mediated by the Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) axis in response to stressful situations. Our experiment did not reveal a direct impact of parental HPA axis manipulation on parental investment (egg or chick temperature), but a potential influence on the partner’s brooding behaviour.HighlightsExperimental increase in corticosterone does not affect king penguin’s surface temperatureAcute handling stress increases eye but decreases beak surface temperature in adultsAcute handling decreases both eye and beak surface temperatures in young chicksParental corticosterone treatment does not affect egg surface temperature during incubationChicks brooded by non-implanted partners of corticosterone parents are warmer than chicks brooded by others adults.
A 3D printed plastic frame deeply impacts yeast cell growth
Authors: Molina-Menor Esther , Vidal-Verdú Àngela , Gomis-Olcina Carlos , Peretó Juli , Porcar Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid State Fermentation (SSF) processes have been explored for yeast growth and protein and metabolites production. However, most of these processes lack standardization. In this work, we present a polylactic acid (PLA) 3D printed matrix that dramatically enhances yeast growth when embedded in liquid media compared to equivalent static cultures, and changes yeast expression patterns at the proteome level. Moreover, differences in sugar assimilation and ethanol production, as the main product of alcoholic fermentation, are observed. Our results suggest that these matrixes may be useful for a vast range of biotechnological applications based on yeast fermentation.
Characterizing enteric neurons in Dopamine Transporter (DAT)-Cre reporter mice reveals dopaminergic subtypes with dual-transmitter content
Authors: Recinto Sherilyn Junelle , Premachandran Shobina , Mukherjee iparna , Allot Alexis , MacDonald Adam , Yaqubi Moein , Gruenheid Samantha , Trudeau Louis-Eric , Stratton Jo Anne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) comprises a complex network of neurons whereby a subset appears to be dopaminergic, although the characteristics, roles, and implications in disease are less understood. Most investigations relating to enteric dopamine (DA) neurons rely on immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) - a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of DA. However, TH immunoreactivity is likely to provide an incomplete picture given previous work has showed that some DA neurons contain little if any TH and its levels tend to be decreased in response to cellular stress. This study herein provides a comprehensive characterization of DA neurons in the gut using a well-accepted reporter mouse line, expressing a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) under control of the DA transporter (DAT) promoter. Our findings confirm a unique localization of DA neurons in the gut and unveil the discrete subtypes of DA neurons in this organ, which we characterized using both immunofluorescence and single-cell transcriptomics, as well as validated usingin situhybridization. We observed distinct subtypes of DAT-tdTomato neurons expressing co-transmitters and modulators across both plexuses; some of them likely co-releasing acetylcholine, while others were positive for a slew of canonical DA markers (TH, VMAT2 and GIRK2). Interestingly, we uncovered a seemingly novel population of DA neurons unique to the ENS which were ChAT/DAT-tdTomato-immunoreactive neurons and were characterised by the expression ofGrp,CalcbandSst. Given the clear heterogeneity of DAergic gut neurons, further investigation is warranted to define their functional signatures and discover any inherent vulnerabilities in disease.Abstract FigureUsing a reporter mouse line, expressing a fluorescent protein under control of the dopamine transporter (DAT) promoter, discrete subtypes of dopaminergic neurons were unveiled across the ganglionated plexuses of the gut. A novel subpopulations of enteric DA neurons, expressing genes previously reported involved in dopamine signaling in the brain, exhibit a cholinergic phenotype.
Specification and survival of post-metamorphic branchiomeric neurons in the hindbrain of a non-vertebrate chordate
Authors: Gigante Eduardo D. , Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Gurgis Alexandra , Cohen Leslie , Razy-Krajka Florian , Popsuj Sydney , Ali Hussan S. , Mohana Sundaram Shruthi , Stolfi Alberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTunicates are the sister group to the vertebrates, yet most species have a life cycle split between swimming larva and sedentary adult phases. During metamorphosis, larval neurons are largely replaced by adult-specific ones. Yet the regulatory mechanisms underlying this neural replacement remain largely unknown. Using tissue-specific CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the tunicateCiona, we show that orthologs of conserved hindbrain and branchiomeric neuron regulatory factors Pax2/5/8 and Phox2 are required to specify the “Neck”, a compartment of cells set aside in the larva to give rise to cranial motor neuron-like neurons in the adult. Using bulk and single-cell RNAseq analyses, we also characterize the transcriptome of the Neck downstream of Pax2/5/8. Surprisingly, we find that Neck-derived adult ciliomotor neurons begin to differentiate in the larva, contrary to the long-held assumption that the adult nervous system is formed only after settlement and the death of larval neurons during metamorphosis. Finally, we show that manipulating FGF signaling during the larval phase alters the patterning of the Neck and its derivatives. Suppression of FGF converts Neck cells into larval neurons that fail to survive metamorphosis, while prolonged FGF signaling promotes an adult neural stem cell-like fate instead.
OpenSIM: open source microscope add-on for structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Hannebelle Mélanie T.M , Raeth Esther , Leitao Samuel M. , Lukeš Tomáš , Pospíšil Jakub , Toniolo Chiara , Venzin Olivier F. , Chrisnandy Antonius , Swain Prabhu Prasad , Ronceray Nathan , Lütolf Matthias P. , Oates Andrew C. , Hagen Guy M. , Lasser Theo , Radenovic Aleksandra , McKinney John D. , Fantner Georg E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSuper-resolution techniques expand the abilities of researchers who have the knowledge and resources to either build or purchase a system. This excludes the part of the research community without these capabilities. Here we introduce the openSIM add-on to upgrade existing optical microscopes to Structured Illumination super-resolution Microscopes (SIM). The openSIM is an open-hardware system, designed and documented to be easily duplicated by other laboratories, making super-resolution modality accessible to facilitate innovative research. The add-on approach gives a performance improvement for pre-existing lab equipment without the need to build a completely new system.
KAT6Amutations drive transcriptional dysregulation of cell cycle and Autism risk genes in an Arboleda-Tham Syndrome cerebral organoid model
Authors: Nava Aileen A. , Jops Connor T. , Vuong Celine K. , Niles-Jensen Samantha L. , Bondhus Leroy , Ong Cameron J. , de la Torre-Ubieta Luis , Gandal Michael J. , Arboleda Valerie A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArboleda-Tham Syndrome (ARTHS, OMIM#616268) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused byde novomutations inKAT6A. Individuals with ARTHS typically exhibit varying degrees of intellectual disability, speech and language deficits and clinical manifestations across multiple systems that lead to abnormal: vision, craniofacial features, cardiac morphology, and gastrointestinal function. To gain insight into the potential neuropathological mechanisms underlying ARTHS, we investigate howKAT6Amutations disruptin vitrobrain development using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cerebral organoids (COs) derived from ARTHS patients harboringKAT6Anonsense mutations. In this study, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomic profiling by performing time-course experiments and generating short-read and long-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from undifferentiated iPSCs and COs at 15 and 25 days of neural differentiation. Our analysis revealed abnormal expression of 235 genes in ARTHS across all three timepoints examined. Notably, we observed persistent dysregulation of genes such asCTSF,ZNF229,PCDHB12, andPAK3. Additionally, we found a consistent enrichment ofPTBP1-target genes among the upregulated genes in ARTHS at all three stages assessed by RNA-seq. During neural differentiation, we identified 980 genes that consistently display aberrant transcription in ARTHS at both CO stages. These genes are enriched for genes involved in cell fate determination through modulation of cell-cycle dynamics (e.g.E2Ffamily) and cell-adhesion molecules (e.g.PCDHgenes). Our findings indicate that ARTHS COs exhibit slower downregulation of pluripotency and cell cycle genes compared to controls and that this delay led to an overrepresentation of cycling human neural progenitor markers during neural differentiation in ARTHS. Finally, matching the variable neurodevelopment phenotypes in ARTHS, we discovered that the aberrantly expressed genes in ARTHS are enriched for genes associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy, with a subset showing isoform-specific dysregulation. Strikingly, the samePTBP1-target genes were enriched amongst the genes that display differential isoform usage in ARTHS. For the first time, we demonstrate thatKAT6Amutations lead to a delay in repressing pluripotency and cell cycle genes during neural differentiation, suggesting that prolonged activation of these gene networks disrupts the temporal dynamics of human brain development in ARTHS.
Dysregulated alveolar epithelial cell progenitor function and identity in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Wang Joanna Y. , Michki Sylvia N. , Sitaraman Sneha , Banaschewski Brandon J. , Jamal Reshma , Gokey Jason J. , Lin Susan M. , Katzen Jeremy B. , Basil Maria C. , Cantu Edward , Kropski Jonathan A. , Zepp Jarod A. , Frank David B. , Young Lisa R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder of endosomal protein trafficking associated with pulmonary fibrosis in specific subtypes, including HPS-1 and HPS-2. Single mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice display increased fibrotic sensitivity while double mutant HPS1/2 mice exhibit spontaneous fibrosis with aging, which has been attributed to HPS mutations in alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells. We utilized HPS mouse models and human lung tissue to investigate mechanisms of AT2 cell dysfunction driving fibrotic remodeling in HPS. Starting at 8 weeks of age, HPS mice exhibited progressive loss of AT2 cell numbers. HPS AT2 cell function was impairedex vivoandin vivo. Incorporating AT2 cell lineage tracing in HPS mice, we observed aberrant differentiation with increased AT2-derived alveolar epithelial type I cells. Transcriptomic analysis of HPS AT2 cells revealed elevated expression of genes associated with aberrant differentiation and p53 activation. Lineage tracing and organoid modeling studies demonstrated that HPS AT2 cells were primed to persist in a Krt8+reprogrammed transitional state, mediated by p53 activity. Intrinsic AT2 progenitor cell dysfunction and p53 pathway dysregulation are novel mechanisms of disease in HPS-related pulmonary fibrosis, with the potential for early targeted intervention before the onset of fibrotic lung disease.