bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dropping Anchor: Understanding the Populations of Binary Black Holes with Random and Aligned-spin Orientations
Authors: Baibhav Vishal , Doctor Zoheyr , Kalogera Vicky 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The relative spin orientations of black holes (BHs) in binaries encode their evolutionary history: BHs assembled dynamically should have isotropically distributed spins, while spins of BHs originating in the field should be aligned with the orbital angular momentum. In this article, we introduce a simple population model for these dynamical and field binaries that uses spin orientations as an anchor to disentangle these two evolutionary channels. We then analyze binary BH mergers in the Third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) and ask whether BHs from the isotropic-spin population possess different distributions of mass ratios, spin magnitudes, or redshifts from the preferentially aligned-spin population. We find no compelling evidence that binary BHs in GWTC-3 have different source-property distributions depending on their spin alignment, but we do find that the dynamical and field channels cannot both have mass-ratio distributions that strongly favor equal masses. We give an example of how this can be used to provide insights into the various processes that drive these BHs to merge. We also find that the current detections are insufficient in extracting differences in spin magnitude or redshift distributions of isotropic and aligned-spin populations.
Tracking the Enigmatic Globular Cluster Ultracompact X-Ray Binary X1850–087: Extreme Radio Variability in the Hard State
Authors: Panurach Teresa , Urquhart Ryan , Strader Jay , Chomiuk Laura , Bahramian Arash , Heinke Craig O. , Maccarone Thomas J. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Sivakoff Gregory R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The conditions under which accreting neutron stars launch radio-emitting jets and/or outflows are still poorly understood. The ultracompact X-ray binary X1850–087, located in the globular cluster NGC 6712, is a persistent atoll-type X-ray source that has previously shown unusual radio-continuum variability. Here we present the results of a pilot radio-monitoring program of X1850–087 undertaken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, with simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous Swift/XRT data obtained at each epoch. The binary is clearly detected in the radio in two of the six new epochs. When combined with previous data, these results suggest that X1850–087 shows radio emission at a slightly elevated hard-state X-ray luminosity of L

X
≳ 2 × 1036 erg s−1, but no radio emission in its baseline hard state L

X
∼ 1036 erg s−1. No clear X-ray spectral changes are associated with this factor of ≳10 radio variability. At all detected epochs, X1850–087 has a flat to inverted radio spectral index, more consistent with the partially absorbed optically thick synchrotron of a compact jet rather than the evolving optically thick to thin emission associated with transient expanding synchrotron-emitting ejecta. If the radio emission in X1850–087 is indeed due to a compact jet, then it is plausibly being launched and quenched in the hard state on timescales as short as a few days. Future radio monitoring of X1850–087 could help elucidate the conditions under which compact jets are produced around hard-state accreting neutron stars.
Physical Characterization of Early Galaxies in the Webb’s First Deep Field SMACS J0723.3-7327
Authors: Morishita T. , Stiavelli M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper highlights initial photometric analyses of JWST NIRCam imaging data in the sightline of SMACS0723, aiming to identify galaxies at redshift z > 7. By applying a conservative Lyman-break selection followed by photometric-redshift analysis and visual inspection, we identify four F090W-dropout and two F150W-dropout sources, three of which were recently confirmed in an independent spectroscopic analysis to z = 7.663, 7.665, and 8.499. We then supplement our sample with a photometric-redshift selection, and identify five additional candidates at 7 < z
phot < 13. The NIRCam images clearly resolve all sources and reveal their subgalactic components that were not resolved/detected in the previous imaging by Hubble Space Telescope. Our spectral energy distribution analysis reveals that the selected galaxies are characterized by young stellar populations (median age of ∼50 Myr) of subsolar metallicity (∼0.2 Z
⊙) and little dust attenuation (A

V
∼ 0.5). In several cases, we observe extreme Hβ+[O iii] lines being captured in the F444W band and seen as color excess, which is consistent with their observed high star formation rate surface density. Eight of the 11 sources identified in this study appear in at least one of the recent studies (Adams et al.; Atek et al.; Donnan et al.; Harikane et al.; Yan et al.) of the same fields, implying the high fidelity of our selection. We crossmatch all high-z galaxy candidates presented in the five studies with our catalog and discuss the possible causes of discrepancy in the final lists.
The Detection of Hot Molecular Cores in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Shimonishi Takashi , Tanaka Kei E. I. , Zhang Yichen , Furuya Kenji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the first detection of hot molecular cores in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a nearby dwarf galaxy with 0.2 solar metallicity. We observed two high-mass young stellar objects in the SMC with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and detected emission lines of CO, HCO+, H13CO+, SiO, H2CO, CH3OH, SO, and SO2. Compact hot-core regions are traced by SO2, whose spatial extent is about 0.1 pc, and the gas temperature is higher than 100 K based on the rotation diagram analysis. In contrast, CH3OH, a classical hot-core tracer, is dominated by extended (∼0.2–0.3 pc) components in both sources, and the gas temperature is estimated to be

39

−
6

+
8

K for one source. Protostellar outflows are also detected from both sources as high-velocity components of CO. The metallicity-scaled abundances of SO2 in hot cores are comparable among the SMC, Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and Galactic sources, suggesting that the chemical reactions leading to SO2 formation would be regulated by elemental abundances. On the other hand, CH3OH shows a large abundance variation within SMC and LMC hot cores. The diversity in the initial condition of star formation (e.g., degree of shielding, local radiation field strength) may lead to the large abundance variation of organic molecules in hot cores. This work, in conjunction with previous hot-core studies in the LMC and outer/inner Galaxy, suggests that the formation of a hot core would be a common phenomenon during high-mass star formation across the metallicity range of 0.2–1 Z⊙. High-excitation SO2 lines will be a useful hot-core tracer in the low-metallicity environments of the SMC and LMC.
Penser globalement, agir localement : une maxime pour l’écologie politique ?
Authors: Larrère Raphaël , Larrère Catherine 
Published: April 2023

« Penser globalement, agir localement » ? Bien trouvée dans les années 1970 alors que la crise environnementale prenait une ampleur planétaire, la formule a perdu peu à peu de sa pertinence. Certes le global a pris de plus en plus d’importance ; c’est au niveau global que se sont concertés les scientifiques et réunis les politiques. Mais outre qu’elle a révélé ses limites (elle lance l’alerte mais ne permet pas d’agir) cette globalisation extrême a occulté les actions locales, les faisant paraître négligeables. Elles existent pourtant, multiples, vivaces, inventives. Pour dépasser la scission entre une globalité terrifiante et des localismes éparpillés, il faut réinterroger les notions de global et de local. Il ne s’agit pas tant d’opposer le global et le local que de distinguer deux types de globalisation. L’une qui homogénéise la diversité des données dans une globalité préexistante héritée de l’espace et du temps galiléo-newtoniens. L’autre, que l’on peut nommer mondialisation, qui correspond à l’ensemble des processus par lesquels les vivants, humains et non humains, se lient les uns aux autres à partir des interactions et dépendances saisies localement. Le mondial ne peut être appréhendé qu’à partir du local, c’est-à-dire des mobilisations et des actions en cours pour rendre la Terre habitable à condition que celles-ci se multiplient et se relient.
Study to Evaluate the Effect of COVID-19 on the Sensory Perception and the Nervous System of an Individual: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Harindra Gaurav , Kour Harpreet , Prabhu Madhav 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused temporary or permanent anosmia and ageusia in thousands of people. It was occasionally associated with a loss of nociception in the mouth too. A specific pattern of sensory loss or alteration is imperative to understand and predict the modality of the infection.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed, which included 252 participants of all age groups and communities. A questionnaire was circulated on social media through the means of a Google Form. Consent was obtained before posing the participants with questions.

Results:
The sensory loss was found to be the most prevalent in people with mild symptoms. About 65.2% of the participants showed a partial or a total loss in olfaction and 59.5% of them showed a loss in one or more tastes. About 44% of the participants showed a partial or a total loss of nociception. All of the altered sensations came back to normalcy after 2 weeks of the loss of sensation in the majority of the population. Besides the other symptoms, 15.5% of the participants experienced altered mental alertness.

Conclusion:
SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to affect the olfaction, gustation, and nociception in the oral cavity (spice sensation). Mental alertness was also found to be altered in a small fraction of the population affected with SARS-CoV-2.
C-reactive Protein as a Potential Effective Predictor of Perforated Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Chang Chia-Wei , Chen Shyi-Jou , Wang Der-Shiun , Hsu Chih-Hsiung , Hsu Wan-Fu 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Surgical intervention is important for acute appendicitis. Perforated appendicitis leads to more complications and is more difficult to manage. Studies differentiating ruptured from nonruptured appendicitis are controversial.

Aim:
Early identification of perforated appendicitis is important for first-line medical practitioners. Our study aimed to provide more indicators to evaluate the risk of perforation before surgery.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 116 patients who underwent an appendectomy at the Tri-Service General Hospital between 2014 and 2018 with pathological diagnosis. Based on the surgical records, the patients were classified into two groups: simple (nonperforation) and complicated (perforation).

Results:
The patients (68 boys, 48 girls) were all under 18 years of age. Simple appendicitis was diagnosed in 87 patients and perforated appendicitis in 29 patients. Analysis revealed significant differences in blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels between the two groups. The highest Youden's index was at a CRP level of 1.755 mg/dL. Positive findings were obtained for suppurative change as well as chylous ascites.

Conclusion:
Elevated CRP level was found to be a useful biomarker in predicting perforated appendicitis, excluding other general factors in pediatric patients. Suppurative change and chylous ascites could serve as indicators for the possibility of perforation during surgery.
Membangun Kepemimpinan Kristen Tranfromnasional di masa pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Marbun Purim , Suratman Efesus , Muryati Muryati Muryati , Setianto Yusak 
Published: April 2023

Abstrak
Masa pandemic memberikan berbagai macam dampak, salah satunya yaitu berdampak kepada aspek kepemimpinan. Perubahan situasi dapat berpengaruh kepada proses kepemimpinan, dengan adanya persoalan ini maka gereja perlu memiliki stategi dalam menyikapi hal ini. Diperlukan respons dan perubahan yang tepat dalam mengimbangi dampak pandemic tersebut. Dalam situai yang penuh perubahan inilah kepemimpinan Kristen Tranfromnasional diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan supaya pemimpin Kristen dapat dibangun dalam masa-masa Pandemi ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan melalui kajian literatur untuk kepemimpinan yang transformatif. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan hasilnya yaitu dengan membangun kepemimpinan yang Kepemimpinan Kristen Tranfromnasional di masa pandemic Covid-19 memberikan pengaruh pada yang dipimpin untuk tetap memiliki keyakinan dan kepercayaan diri, selalu optimis dan memiliki sikap saling menolong di masa pandemic yang di hadapi ini. orang-orang yang dipimpin diharapkan lebih percaya diri dan optimis untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang ada di diri mereka, serta mengembangkan kemampuan lain untuk dapat bertahan melewati situasi sulit.
Prejudice against psychology as a factor in increasing extremity of the service and maladaptation of penal system employees
Authors: Суслов Ю.Е. , Кулакова С.В. 
Published: April 2023

Введение: авторами рассматривается проблема предубеждений со стороны персонала учреждений пенитенциарной системы к психологии и ее созидательным возможностям. Цель: на основе обобщения теоретических материалов и анализа практики деятельности пенитенциарных учреждений показать, что в условиях постоянного воздействия количественных и качественных факторов пенитенциарной среды на личность сотрудников от них требуется поддержание состояния постоянной готовности к агрессивным действиям со стороны лиц, находящихся в местах лишения свободы, что без профессионального психологического сопровождения может влиять на процесс адаптации, действия в экстремальных ситуациях и создавать риск развития профессиональных деструкций. Результаты: отношение к неопределенности авторами рассматривается как личностная особенность, лежащая в основе адаптационных процессов и процессов восприятия экстремальности деятельности. На примере специфической профессиональной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы показано, как проблема предубеждений в отношении психологии повышает экстремальность пенитенциарной деятельности, риск последующих негативных последствий, в частности при адаптации к службе. Выводы: показана схожесть процессов адаптации к служебной деятельности и экстремальным условиям, а также делается акцент на необходимости работы с предубеждениями в отношении психологического сопровождения деятельности сотрудников.
Introduction: in the article, the authors consider the problem of prejudice against psychology and its creative possibilities on the part of the staff of penitentiary institutions. Purpose: based on the generalization of theoretical materials and analysis of the practice of activity in penitentiary institutions to show that in conditions of constant impact of quantitative and qualitative factors of penitentiary activity on the personality of employees, they should be ready for aggressive actions of inmates. Without professional psychological assistance, employees’ adaptation process and behavior in extreme situations can be affected and risks of developing professional destructions can be created. Results: the attitude to uncertainty is considered by the authors as a personality trait underlying adaptation processes and processes to perceive extreme conditions of work. Having considered specific professional activity of penitentiary system employees, the authors show how the problem of prejudice against psychology increases extremity of service and what subsequent negative consequences can be, in particular in the adaptation period. Conclusions: the similarity of the processes of adapting to service activities and extreme conditions is shown, and the emphasis is also placed on the need to work with prejudice against psychological support of employees’ activities.
SigN-PQ Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire Development and Validation in English and Filipino Languages
Authors: Vios Ma. Salome N. , Chua Arnel T. , Guerrero Manolete C. , Javier Francis O. , Lu Henry U. , Lu Josephine Y. , Picar Rosalina E. , Querijero Margaret B. , Rosales Raymond L. , Yap Antonio B. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple questionnaire for chronic neuropathic pain that can be administered as a screening tool by general practitioners and internists in order to help them identify patients with probable neuropathic pain.
Methods. Following a development phase and a pilot study, the revised version of the screening tool which included eleven descriptors associated with neuropathic pain both in English and Filipino languages was validated on 120 consecutive patients with any type of pain except psychogenic pain, recruited in the out-patient clinics of six hospitals. The questionnaire was validated by assessing the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of each item and the overall questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaire items was assessed using the Kuder-Richardson formula 20.
Results. Overall, the internal consistency of the SigN-PQ using the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 was 0.7837; the sensitivity was 91.89% with specificity of 80.22%, PV (+) was 65.38% and PV(-) was 96.0%. For the English version, the descriptors with the highest scores were burning (Sensitivity: 100%, Specificity: 93%) and electricity-like (Sensitivity: 100%, Specificity: 93%). For the Filipino version, mainit (burning) has the highest sensitivity of 88% with specificity of 82.6%, followed by gumagapang (tingling) with sensitivity of 86.96% and specificity of 85.42%. The sensation of saksak (stabbing) and hiwa (lancinating) have the lowest sensitivity, 60% and 54% respectively, although their specificity scores are high. Since this study is a validation of a screening tool for neuropathic pain, the investigators decided to choose descriptors with higher sensitivity. Thus, in the final version of the SignN-PQ, the descriptors saksak and hiwa were removed.
Conclusion. The SigN-PQ Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire has a high overall sensitivity of 91.89% and specificity of 80.22%. The pain descriptors in the questionnaire are consistent with the descriptors cited in the literature. It is a valid screening instrument for neuropathic pain that can be easily incorporated in the daily practice of general practitioners and internists.
Comparison of Abbreviation Usage Practices in Two Philippine Tertiary Hospitals and Perceived Effects on Medical Training
Authors: Tapia Narciso A. , Mojica Jose Alvin P. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives. To (1) compare abbreviation usage practices in the Doctors’ Orders and History Sheet in two tertiary hospitals in Cebu City, namely, Cebu Velez General Hospital (CVGH) and Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center (VSMMC); (2) determine why medical students and physicians use abbreviations and (3) determine the perceived effects on medical student training.
Methods. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing medical chart reviews as well as group and key informant interviews. Stratified Random Sampling with Proportionate Allocation was used to select 100 charts each from CVGH and VSMMC. Purposive sampling was done for key informants.
Results. All patients' clinical history, physical examination and doctors’ orders in all departments of both hospitals contained abbreviations. First initialization was the most common form, e.g. BP (blood pressure). Non-universally-accepted abbreviations were common, e.g. HFD (heredofamilial disease). Potentially dangerous abbreviations were noted, e.g. d/c, D/C. Abbreviations were used to maintain patient-doctor confidentiality, save space and time, and for convenience. Perceived effects on medical training included speeding up of task performance.
Conclusions. Use of abbreviations in medical charts among medical students and physicians in both private and public tertiary hospitals in the Philippines is a prevalent practice. While such has its perceived benefits, it also poses potential danger to patients because not all abbreviations are understood and used the same way. Medical schools and their training hospitals must initiate moves to standardize the use of abbreviations in medical education and promote awareness of their potential dangers.
The authors suggest that potential dangers/benefits of abbreviations be formally introduced in medical school as a separate topic.
The Silk Road: Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran
Authors: Tucker Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

Stretching from the ancient Chinese capital of Xian across the expanses of Central Asia to Rome, the Silk Road was, for 1,500 years, a vibrant network of arteries that carried the lifeblood of nations across the world. Along a multitude of routes everything was exchanged: exotic goods, art, knowledge, religion, philosophy, disease and war. From the East came silk, precious stones, tea, jade, paper, porcelain, spices and cotton; from the West, horses, weapons, wool and linen, aromatics, entertainers and exotic animals. From its earliest beginnings in the days of Alexander the Great and the Han dynasty, the Silk Road expanded and evolved, reaching its peak during the Tang dynasty and the Byzantine Empire and gradually withering away with the decline of the Mongol Empire.
In this beautifully illustrated book, which covers the Central Asian section of the Silk Road - from Lake Issyk-kul through Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, the Kyzyl Kum Desert, Khiva and Merv to Herat, Kabul and Iran - Jonathan Tucker uses travellers' anecdotes and a wealth of literary and historical sources to celebrate the cultural heritage of the countries that lie along the Silk Road and illuminate the lives of those who once travelled through the very heart of the world.
RISING EXTERNAL DEBT AND EXCHANGE RATE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: Chika Priscilla Imoagwu  , Uju Regina Ezenekwe  , Uche Collins Nwogwugwu  
Published: April 2023

The fluctuating exchange rate and massive debt burden of Nigeria necessitates a thorough investigation of trends in her foreign debt levels, its underlying causes, and implications for economic growth. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of rising external debt on the exchange rate in Nigeria with annual data from 1980 to 2021. The motivation for this study was premised on inculcating government spending and inflation rate into the traditional analysis of exchange rate volatility in Nigeria using data sourced from CBN statistical bulletin (2020), DMO (2020), and WDI (2021). The data obtained were analyzed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique, and the stability and diagnostic test in the analysis. Based on the outcomes of the preliminary test analysis, the results show that external debt has a negative but insignificant effect on the exchange rate in Nigeria. Also, external debt has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Nigeria. In light of these findings, the study concluded and recommended that the Nigerian government and/ or Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure that all borrowed funds are effectively channelled into viable projects that will yield returns to service the debts as well as pay up the debt at maturity, which puts pressure on the foreign exchange market in the short term and consequently results in exchange rate fluctuations in terms of the depreciation of the naira in the country.
Keywords: External debt stock, Debt service payment, Inflation rate, Exchange rate, Nigeria.
JEL Classifications: E31, 34, 43, F31.