bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role delineation of advanced practice nursing: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nahari Ahmed , Alhamed Arwa , Moafa Hamza , Aboshaiqah Ahmad , Almotairy Monir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify the roles and activities of nurses, including advanced practice nursing (APN), and to determine nursing practice patterns across health facilities in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from 207 nurses working in the Saudi health sector between November 2021 and March 2022 through an online questionnaire. The Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool was used to measure and delineate nursing practice patterns and activities. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines.ResultsFindings showed that participants, regardless of their current role, reported high scores across all domains of practice. The highest average score was obtained for the Clinical Care domain. Except for the leadership domain, findings showed that those reported working as advanced practice nurses had higher average scores across all domains than those working as staff nurses or being in managerial/administrative positions. There were significant differences in the average Clinical Care scores between advanced practice nurses and staff nurses.ConclusionAdvanced practice nursing roles and activities are being practised in Saudi Arabia; however, there is no clear delineation of these roles and activities according to a unified and national‐level APN scope of practice.ImpactsAdvanced practice nursing roles are evolving in Saudi Arabia; however, no study has examined the existing patterns of APN activities in Saudi Arabia. This study highlights the practice patterns of advanced practice nurses and adds to the international evidence base on the need for delineating APN activities under a unified scope of practice. The findings of this study are beneficial to practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders as well as the legislative and regulatory bodies.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Founder premiums, venture capital investments and acquirer benefits
Authors: Xie Yamin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates whether the retention of founders has a greater impact on deal prices and acquirer benefits compared with the retention of family successors or CEOs when private firms pursue a merger exit strategy. The results demonstrate that higher prices and returns can be achieved when founders remain postmerger. These findings hold up even when considering the acquirer's long‐term operating and market performance, indicating the robustness of the results. Additionally, the study reveals that the effect of founder retention is larger than that of CEO retention, and the effect of founder‐CEO retention is the largest. Furthermore, the study examines multistage investments and exits, revealing that venture capitalists can trade off the benefits of founder maturity and firm growth. This implies that founder premiums vary with the enterprise life cycle. Finally, the study investigates the mechanism behind these results, finding that venture capital backing, high‐tech industry, earnouts and stock‐for‐stock deals as moderators can significantly enhance the founder‐retention effect on acquirer benefits. This study proposes that the specific human capital and entrepreneurial spirit of founders, transcending ownership, emerge as driving forces behind this effect. Founder heterogeneity also suggests that acquirers can benefit more from founder retention when founders are innovative talents or serial entrepreneurs.
A qualitative analysis of child and family complaints related to child mental health services
Authors: Darcy Laura , Råberus Anna , Sundler Annelie J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProblemLittle is known about issues of patient‐reported problems, in particular within psychiatric services for children with mental ill health. Child and family complaints related to child mental health services can be analyzed and discussed in light of the universal human right to health and healthcare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze child and family complaints related to child mental health services.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive design was used. Child and family complaints were analyzed with a qualitative thematic analysis.FindingsThe findings were described in three themes describing lack of access to care, inadequate communication between services and children with mental ill health and their families, and lack of clarity of who is responsible for care, leading to neglect of children's needs. These issues place a huge responsibility on parents or relatives.ConclusionBetter communication within mental health services, and better collaboration with other services such as school and social services, could limit children's suffering. Healthcare services with named professionals who specialize in child mental health and provide continuity in care, are required. General human rights principles should guide planning and care of children.
Preferred left ventricular lead position for upgrade from right ventricular pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Ogano Michio , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Okada Taiji , Tanabe Jun , Shimizu Wataru , Asai Kuniya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is well‐established for treating symptomatic heart failure with electrical dyssynchrony. The left ventricular (LV) lead position is recommended at LV posterolateral to lateral sites in patients with left bundle branch block; however, its preferred region remains unclear in patients being upgraded from right ventricular (RV) apical pacing to CRT. This study aimed to identify the preferred LV lead position for upgrading conventional RV apical pacing to CRT.MethodsWe used electrode catheters positioned at the RV apex and LV anterolateral and posterolateral sites via the coronary sinus (CS) branches to measure the ratio of activation time to QRS duration from the RV apex to the LV anterolateral and posterolateral sites during RV apical pacing. Simultaneous biventricular pacing was performed at the RV apex and each LV site, and the differences in QRS duration and LV dP/dtmax from those of RV apical pacing were measured.ResultsThirty‐seven patients with anterolateral and posterolateral LV CS branches were included. During RV apical pacing, the average ratio of activation time to QRS duration was higher at the LV anterolateral site than at the LV posterolateral site (0.90 ± 0.06 vs. 0.71 ± 0.11, p < .001). The decreasing ratio of QRS duration and the increasing ratio of LV dP/dtmax were higher at the LV anterolateral site than at the posterolateral site (45.7 ± 18.0% vs. 32.0 ± 17.6%, p < .001; 12.7 ± 2.9% vs. 3.7 ± 8.2%, p < .001, respectively) during biventricular pacing compared with RV apical pacing.ConclusionThe LV anterolateral site is the preferred LV lead position in patients being upgraded from conventional RV apical pacing to CRT.
Role of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored high‐density lipoprotein binding protein 1 in hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes
Authors: Kurooka Naoko , Eguchi Jun , Wada Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn diabetes, the impairment of insulin secretion and insulin resistance contribute to hypertriglyceridemia, as the enzymatic activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) depends on insulin action. The transport of LPL to endothelial cells and its enzymatic activity are maintained by the formation of lipolytic complex depending on the multiple positive (glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored high‐density lipoprotein binding protein 1 [GPIHBP1], apolipoprotein C‐II [APOC2], APOA5, heparan sulfate proteoglycan [HSPG], lipase maturation factor 1 [LFM1] and sel‐1 suppressor of lin‐12‐like [SEL1L]) and negative regulators (APOC1, APOC3, angiopoietin‐like proteins [ANGPTL]3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8). Among the regulators, GPIHBP1 is a crucial molecule for the translocation of LPL from parenchymal cells to the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells, and maintenance of lipolytic activity; that is, hydrolyzation of triglyceride into free fatty acids and monoglyceride, and conversion from chylomicron to chylomicron remnant in the exogenous pathway and from very low‐density lipoprotein to low‐density lipoprotein in the endogenous pathway. The null mutation of GPIHBP1 causes severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis, and GPIGBP1 autoantibody syndrome also causes severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the elevated serum triglyceride levels negatively correlate with circulating LPL levels, and positively with circulating APOC1, APOC3, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 levels. In contrast, circulating GPIHBP1 levels are not altered in type 2 diabetes patients with higher serum triglyceride levels, whereas they are elevated in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. The circulating regulators of lipolytic complex might be new biomarkers for lipid and glucose metabolism, and diabetic vascular complications.
The effect of liquidity and arbitrage on the price efficiency of Chinese ETFs
Authors: Fu Yuan , Jiang Christine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the potential factors that determine the large and persistent price deviations in Chinese equity exchange‐traded funds (ETFs). Our results suggest that ETF liquidity and arbitrage activity are positively correlated with ETF price efficiency, and the relation is more pronounced with higher institutional ownership. We also evaluate the effect of two exogenous shocks in the Chinese market. Using a policy change that added market makers to ETFs on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) and Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), we find that market makers improve price efficiency and that the impact is stronger for ETFs with lower liquidity. We also exploit a change in trading rules on the SZSE and show that the relaxation of arbitrage restrictions improves price efficiency. Altogether, these findings provide evidence that lack of liquidity, due to the unique market structure and regulations of the Chinese market, contributes to price inefficiency of Chinese ETFs.
Association between nut consumption and frailty in the elderly: a large sample cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Yaqin , Zhang Duo , Yuan Guowei , Wu Yuchi , Huang Xinyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited literature has addressed the impact of nut consumption in mitigating frailty. This study aimed to investigate the association between nut consumption and frailty among Americans aged above 60 years, employing two 24‐h dietary recalls for analysis.MethodsThe data sets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003–2018) and the Food Patterns Equivalents Database were utilised for a weighted multiple logistic regression model to evaluate the association between nut consumption and frailty in elderly adults. Furthermore, a restricted cubic spline model was employed to investigate the nonlinear relationship between nut intake and frailty. Besides, stratified and interaction analyses were conducted to explore the sensitivity of nut consumption in reducing the risk of frailty in diverse subgroups.ResultsThe research study comprised 10,033 individuals aged 60 years or above, of whom 3591 were classified as frailty and 5302 consumed nuts. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis that adjusted for covariates, the weighted multivariate adjusted odds ratios demonstrated that the prevalence of frailty was lower in the nut intake group than in nonconsumers. The stratified analysis indicated that nearly all subgroups who consumed nuts had a significantly lower risk of frailty compared to nonconsumers, and an interaction was observed between nut intake and nonhypertensive populations. The optimal threshold for nut intake to decrease the risk of frailty was identified as 1.02 ounces.ConclusionsThe study concluded that nut consumption has a constructive impact on averting frailty in elderly adults, particularly in nonhypertensive individuals. Nut intake of ~1.02 ounces per day is advantageous in improving the quality of life in elderly adults.
Do Credit Markets Respond to Macroeconomic Shocks? The Case for Reverse Causality
Authors: BOONS MARTIJN , OTTONELLO GIORGIO , VALKANOV ROSSEN 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe response of corporate bond credit spreads to three exogenous macro shocks—oil supply, investment‐specific technology, and government spending—is large, significant, and a mirror image of macroeconomic activity. This countercyclicality is driven largely by credit risk premia and translates into significant return predictability. Equity risk premia exhibit similar responses, providing external validity. Information rigidities and leverage play a key role in the transmission of the shocks. Since causal evidence linking macro shocks to credit markets is scarce and recent work highlights the real effects of credit fluctuations, our findings contribute to understanding the joint dynamics of credit markets and the macroeconomy.
Moral Hazard versus Liquidity in Household Bankruptcy
Authors: INDARTE SASHA 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the role of moral hazard and liquidity in driving household bankruptcy. First, I estimate that increases in potential debt forgiveness have a positive, but small, effect on filing using a regression kink design. Second, exploiting quasi‐experimental variation in mortgage payment reductions, I estimate that filing is five times more responsive to cash‐on‐hand than relief generosity. Using a sufficient statistic, I show the estimates imply large consumption‐smoothing benefits of bankruptcy for the marginal filer. Finally, I conclude that 83% of the filing response to dischargeable debt comes from liquidity effects rather than a moral hazard response to financial incentives.
Late effects of prematurity: Psychiatric outcomes of 17‐year‐olds born very preterm
Authors: Moor Stephanie , Williman Jonathan , Harris Sarah , Ellis Nicola , Graham Patricia , Austin Nicola 
Published: July 2023

AimVery preterm (VPT) birth is a known early vulnerability factor, impacting both physical and mental health over the life‐span. The additional burden of psychiatric illness in VPT adolescents is likely to adversely affect critical developmental tasks and personal, social and academic/vocational trajectories. Our aim was to examine the magnitude and extent of the risk of psychological burden by determining the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in our prospectively followed‐up VPT and full‐term (FT) control cohorts, in this period of developmental transition at age 17 years.MethodsRates of psychiatric disorder in the VPT and FT control cohorts were ascertained at clinical interview of the adolescents and their care giver(s) by an adolescent psychiatrist.ResultsVPT birth was associated with a greater risk of generalised anxiety disorder (VPT vs. FT risk ratio (RR) 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 4.67, P = 0.02), as well as attentional problems (VPT vs. FT RR 3.46; 95% CI: 1.01, 11.88, P = 0.03). Although care givers of VPT adolescents reported many social and communication difficulties, and observation at clinical interview supported this, our data did not reach clinical threshold for group differences in autistic spectrum disorder. For all other psychiatric disorders, there was no difference between VPT and FT control adolescents.ConclusionOur longitudinal cohort follow‐up study examining the late effects of VPT birth has demonstrated increased rates of clinically significant psychiatric disorder in this period of important developmental transition. Families and health professionals need to be aware of the increased risk so they can monitor for symptoms and seek effective mental health treatments and support.
Macrophages polarize to the pro‐inflammatory phenotype and delay neutrophil efferocytosis to augmentAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitanceJP2 clearance
Authors: Hashai Koren , Abadi Fairuz , Clyman Dana , Shany‐Kdoshim Sahron , Polak David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study examines how neutrophils cross‐talk with macrophages during JP2Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitanceinfection and factors that are involved in inflammatory resolution and efferocytosis.BackgroundAlthough sub‐gingival bacteria constitute the primary initiating factor in the pathogenesis of molar‐incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP), the non‐resolved host response has a major role in tissue destruction. While evidence links neutrophils to MIPP pathogenesis, their clearance during inflammatory resolution, governed by macrophages, is poorly understood.MethodsHuman neutrophils (differentiated from HL60 cells) and macrophages (differentiated from THP1 cells) were inoculated with JP2. The supernatants were collected and exposed to naïve neutrophils or macrophages with or without exposure to JP2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with 2′‐7′‐dichlorofluorescein‐diacetate and a fluorescent plate reader. Immunofluorescence labeling of CD47 and cell vitality were examined using flow cytometry. Macrophage polarization was tested by immunofluorescence staining for CD163 and CD68 and a fluorescent microscope, and TNFα and IL‐10 secretion was tested using ELISA and RT‐PCR. Efferocytosis was examined by pHrodo and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining and fluorescent microscopy. In vivo, macrophages were depleted from C57Bl/6 mice and neutrophil CD47 levels were tested using the subcutaneous chamber model.ResultsNeutrophils exposed to macrophage supernatant show increased ROS, mainly extracellularly, that increased during JP2 infection. Macrophages showed pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype polarization during JP2 infection, and their supernatants prolonged neutrophil survival by inhibiting CD47 down‐expression and reducing neutrophil necrosis and apoptosis. Also, the macrophages delay neutrophil efferocytosis during JP2 infection which, in turn, enhanced JP2 clearance. Depletion of macrophages in mice mildly prevented neutrophils CD47 reduction and reduced JP2 clearance. The JP2 infection in mice also led to macrophage M1 polarization similar to the in vitro results.ConclusionsAs shown in this study, neutrophil efferocytosis potentially may be reduced during JP2 infection, promoting JP2 clearance, which may contribute to the inflammatory‐mediated periodontal tissue damage.
Are sleep‐related beliefs and behaviours dysfunctional in people with insomnia after acquired brain injury? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Verkaik Frank , Ford Marthe E. , Geurtsen Gert J. , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryInappropriate sleep‐related beliefs and behaviours are considered key maladaptive mechanisms in the development and maintenance of insomnia in the otherwise healthy population. The aim of this study was to evaluate critically the role of sleep‐related beliefs and behaviours in insomnia after acquired brain injury. Cross‐sectional data of 51 outpatients with insomnia disorder and acquired brain injury were used to evaluate associations of the insomnia severity index with the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale and sleep‐related behaviours questionnaire. Seven (44%) of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale items and 10 (31%) of the sleep‐related behaviours questionnaire items correlated significantly with insomnia severity. Ten experts were consulted on whether they considered the questionnaire items maladaptive or accurately reflecting coping with conditions experienced by people with acquired brain injury. Although multiple linear regression showed that the total scores of the questionnaires explained a significant part of interindividual differences in insomnia severity (R2 = 0.27, F(2,48) = 8.72, p < 0.01), the experts unanimously rated only four (25%) of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale items as dysfunctional beliefs and three (9%) of the sleep‐related behaviours questionnaire items as safety behaviours. In people with brain injury, sleep related beliefs and behaviours may also play a role in insomnia, especially a diminished perception of control and worry about sleep. However, more than half of the questionnaire items on sleep‐related beliefs and behaviours may not be considered inappropriate and maladaptive for the acquired brain injury population, and may reflect adequate observations and efforts in coping with consequences of the brain damage.
Non‐invasive candidate protein signature predicts hepatic venous pressure gradient reduction in cirrhotic patients after sustained virologic response
Authors: Richards Shola M. , Guo Fang , Zou Heng , Nigsch Florian , Baiges Anna , Pachori Alok , Zhang Yiming , Lens Sabela , Pitts Rebecca , Finkel Nancy , Loureiro Joseph , Mongeon Dale , Ma Shenglin , Watkins Mollie , Polus Florine , Albillos Agustin , Tellez Luis , Martinez‐González Javier , Bañares Rafael , Turon Fanny , Ferrusquía‐Acosta José , Perez‐Campuzano Valeria , Magaz Marta , Forns Xavier , Badman Michael , Sailer Andreas W. , Ukomadu Chinweike , Hernández‐Gea Virginia , Garcia‐Pagán Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsA reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the most accurate marker for assessing the severity of portal hypertension and the effectiveness of intervention treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of blood‐based proteomic biomarkers in predicting HVPG response amongst cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension due to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and had achieved sustained virologic response (SVR).MethodsThe study comprised 59 patients from two cohorts. Patients underwent paired HVPG (pretreatment and after SVR), liver stiffness (LSM), and enhanced liver fibrosis scores (ELF) measurements, as well as proteomics‐based profiling on serum samples using SomaScan® at baseline (BL) and after SVR (EOS). Machine learning with feature selection (Caret, Random Forest and RPART) methods were performed to determine the proteins capable of classifying HVPG responders. Model performance was evaluated using AUROC (pROC R package).ResultsPatients were stratified by a change in HVPG (EOS vs. BL) into responders (greater than 20% decline in HVPG from BL, or <10 mmHg at EOS with >10 mmHg at BL) and non‐responders. LSM and ELF decreased markedly after SVR but did not correlate with HVPG response. SomaScan (SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, CO) analysis revealed a substantial shift in the peripheral proteome composition, reflected by 82 significantly differentially abundant proteins. Twelve proteins accurately distinguished responders from non‐responders, with an AUROC of .86, sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 83%, accuracy of 83%, PPV of 83%, and NPV of 83%.ConclusionsA combined non‐invasive soluble protein signature was identified, capable of accurately predicting HVPG response in HCV liver cirrhosis patients after achieving SVR.