bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of a NWP warm‐start system on model spin‐up over tropical Africa
Authors: Warner James L. , Petch Jon , Short Chris J. , Bain Caroline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConvection‐permitting (CP) models have provided a step change in the ability to forecast impactful convective storms, which pose risks such as flash flooding and lightning. Despite CP models being routinely run over tropical Africa, they typically lack data assimilation and are initialised directly from a global analysis. The CP model therefore takes time to generate convective structures and consequently precipitation, rendering the early part of the forecast unusable. A ‘warm‐starting’ method developed within the Met Office Unified Model is tested over a large tropical Africa domain, leading to substantial improvements in rainfall predictions during both the spin‐up period but also later in the forecast. The spin‐up period is found to vary considerably, both geographically and with model initialisation time, due to the differing states of the atmosphere through the day. We quantify this impact through a spin‐up diagnostic, which shows that over central Africa the spin‐up period can be as large as 24 hr. In these regions, the warm starting substantially reduces spin‐up time. Additionally, the large tropical Africa domain allows us to examine the impact of the prevailing meteorology on both the spin‐up period and the warm‐start method. We find large‐scale positive vorticity filaments over West Africa, likely tied to African Easterly Waves, increase rainfall rates across all models. The substantial reduction in the spin‐up of rainfall and increased skill at longer lead times in the warm‐start demonstrate the importance of representing convective features in the analysis for a CP model. This is especially important in large tropical domains where the initial conditions are likely to have a lasting impact on the forecast. Improvements in model performance across the forecast will enhance the ability of forecasters to provide advice on high‐impact weather events, supporting increased resilience against weather extremes in Africa.
A distributed extremum seeking based resource allocation algorithm over switching networks
Authors: Cai Xin , Nan Xinyuan , Gao Binpeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, a distributed resource allocation problem for second‐order multi‐agent systems over undirected switching topologies is investigated. For the distributed resource allocation problem, most of the existing algorithms depend on the gradient of cost function with specific expression, which may be unknown to agents. To deal with unknown cost functions, the extremum seeking control is introduced in the designed distributed resource allocation algorithm to estimate the gradient of the cost function only by the value of the cost. Besides, an estimator is proposed to estimate the optimal Lagrange multiplier associated with the equality constraint. The communication graph is supposed to be switched among a set of undirected subgraphs, which may be connected or unconnected. For undirected and connected switching graphs, the average dwell‐time constraint is used to describe the switching frequency. For the undirected graphs, containing connected and unconnected ones, both the average dwell‐time and the time‐ratio constraints are used to model the switching signal. For the two cases, the semi‐globally practically asymptotical stability of the designed algorithm is established. The obtained results are verified by an example.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies and Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Analyses for New Niclosamide Metal Complexes with Significant Bioactive Behavior
Authors: Elkamhawy Ismael M. , Ali Alaa E. , Elasala Gehan S. , Sharaf Mohamed H. , Mahrous Yasser Sh. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work underlines some important features for the research on metal complexes of Niclosamide as antioxidants and antimicrobial evaluation of some of these compounds as possible therapeutic agents. Niclosamide metal complexes show a significant leap in the study of antibiotic resistance bacteria includingMethicillin Resistant S.aureus(MRSA). The synthesized metal complexes of niclosamide in our current innovation are highly effective at eliminating this destructive sort of bacteria. Niclosamide metal complexes were synthesized then characterized by elemental analysis, Infra‐Red, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, Mass spectra and ESR spectra of Cu (II) complex to know their geometries and mode of bonding, with stoichiometry, 1 : 1 (M : L). All the Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) metal ions complexes were proposed to be with distorted octahedral geometry. Powder X‐Ray Diffraction technique is being utilized to further investigation of synthesized Niclosamide metal complexes. Expo2014 software was also employed to solve the structure of these novel complexes which proven the distortion of crystal structure. The TGA and DTA curves were employed to derive the kinetic thermodynamic parameters. The thermal decomposition of the complexes ended with the formation of divalent metal oxide, MO or trivalent, M2O3as a final product except in case of Hg complex. The results of the antimicrobial activity of tested new metal complexes compounds exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activities in comparison to the Niclosamide ligand as reference. Quantum chemical parameters were estimated and provided noticeable values which completely matched with antimicrobial results that [Mn(NIC)(Cl2)(H2O)2] ⋅ 0.4H2O has higher biological activity than ligand and other novel complexes. low concentration value of MIC results by 125 μg/ml for both niclosamide (NIC) complexes [Ni(NIC)(Cl2)(H2O)2] and [Cu(NIC)(Cl2)(H2O)2] ⋅ 2.5H2O withMethicillin Resistant S.aureus(MRSA) genus maybe a valuable data used to produce novel therapeutic agent. Depending on their structure and on the source of the oxidative stress, metal complexes of Niclosamide might act as antioxidants or pro‐oxidants.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Pictet‐Spengler Reactions
Authors: Biswas Anup 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Pictet‐Spengler reaction is a century old technique for the construction of aza‐cycles, which has been extensively researched through organocatalytic methods over the past two decades. The asymmetric variant of this reaction has gained considerable attention because the enantioenriched poly heterocycles accessed through the process are prevalent in natural products and bioactive moleculesPrime focus of this review is the systematic and chronological assembly of enantioselective P−S reaction catalyzed by different types of organocatalysts. Mechanistic approaches to rationalize the asymmetric induction on the products are an additional flavor of the article. Importance of this conventional reaction has been justified by the synthesis of different biologically and naturally relevant compounds which have been highlighted in this review as well.
Ecofriendly Approach for the Large‐Scale Synthesis of 4‐Unsubstituted Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acids from o‐Hydroxy‐araldehydes with Meldrum's Acid in the Water‐SDS Micellar System
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Paul Bhaswati , Natarajan Ramalingam , Hossain Jewel , Majumdar Swapan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a base and catalyst‐free “on water” protocol for the “Green” access to a series of privileged, potential biologically active important synthetic targets coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids of diverse structures bearing electron withdrawing/donating groups, hydrophobic long chain alkyl groups in aromatic ring. The target compounds were synthesized by reacting substituted o‐hydroxy‐aryldehydes with Meldrum's acid in the water – SDS micellar system. Water‐SDS is a proven, yet powerful surfactant system to provide hydrophobic cavities in water as a reactor for the organic reactants. It is believed that the condensation occurs inside the hydrophobic cavity which helps the completion of the reaction. Multi‐gram scale reaction was also performed to demonstrate the scalability and practical applicability of the developed methodology. Moreover, the reusability of the post‐reaction waste shows that the waste can be reused in consecutive cycles without compromising the yield. The structure of one of the synthesized compounds was further confirmed by single‐crystal XRD studies. This developed protocol promises advantages like energy efficiency, operational simplicity, easy workup, chromatography‐free purification, recyclability of post‐reaction waste, scalable method and provides excellent yields of the targeted coumarin ‐3‐carboxylic acids.
Non‐Enzymatic Liquid Crystal‐Based Detection of Copper Ions in Water
Authors: Majeed Nasir , ul Amin Noor , Masood Siddiqi Humaira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fabrication of liquid crystal (LC) based sensor with amphiphilic ligands give label free and real time detection of heavy metals in water. In this study, Dodecyloxyurea (DDOU) is synthesized and doped with 4‐cyano‐4'‐pentyl biphenyl (5CB) to form LC sensor for detection of Cu2+ ions in water. The non‐polar tail of DDOU align the liquid crystal molecules homeotropically and polar urea head forms stable complex with Cu2+ ions at aqueous interface. The complexation between oxyurea and Cu2+ ion triggers the orientation transitions of LC molecules to give dark to bright optical signal. The sensor is selective towards Cu2+ ions and did not respond to common metal interferences in water like Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Na+, Co2+ and Ca2+. The sensor has limit of detection for Cu2+ ions is 10 μM in tap water.
A review on multimodal zero‐shot learning
Authors: Cao Weipeng , Wu Yuhao , Sun Yixuan , Zhang Haigang , Ren Jin , Gu Dujuan , Wang Xingkai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultimodal learning provides a path to fully utilize all types of information related to the modeling target to provide the model with a global vision. Zero‐shot learning (ZSL) is a general solution for incorporating prior knowledge into data‐driven models and achieving accurate class identification. The combination of the two, known as multimodal ZSL (MZSL), can fully exploit the advantages of both technologies and is expected to produce models with greater generalization ability. However, the MZSL algorithms and applications have not yet been thoroughly investigated and summarized. This study fills this gap by providing an objective overview of MZSL's definition, typical algorithms, representative applications, and critical issues. This article will not only provide researchers in this field with a comprehensive perspective, but it will also highlight several promising research directions.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Multimedia
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Machine Learning
Uncertainty Principle for Hermite Functions and Null-Controllability with Sensor Sets of Decaying Density
Authors: Dicke Alexander , Seelmann Albrecht , Veselić Ivan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe establish a family of uncertainty principles for finite linear combinations of Hermite functions. More precisely, we give a geometric criterion on a subset $$S\subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

S
⊂

R

d

ensuring that the $$L^2$$

L
2

-seminorm associated to S is equivalent to the full $$L^2$$

L
2

-norm on $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

when restricted to the space of Hermite functions up to a given degree. We give precise estimates how the equivalence constant depends on this degree and on geometric parameters of S. From these estimates we deduce that the parabolic equation whose generator is the harmonic oscillator is null-controllable from S. In all our results, the set S may have sub-exponentially decaying density and, in particular, finite volume. We also show that bounded sets are not efficient in this context.
On Harmonic Hilbert Spaces on Compact Abelian Groups
Authors: Das Suddhasattwa , Giannakis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHarmonic Hilbert spaces on locally compact abelian groups are reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) of continuous functions constructed by Fourier transform of weighted$$L^2$$L2spaces on the dual group. It is known that for suitably chosen subadditive weights, every such space is a Banach algebra with respect to pointwise multiplication of functions. In this paper, we study RKHSs associated with subconvolutive functions on the dual group. Sufficient conditions are established for these spaces to be symmetric Banach$$^*$$∗-algebras with respect to pointwise multiplication and complex conjugation of functions (here referred to as RKHAs). In addition, we study aspects of the spectra and state spaces of RKHAs. Sufficient conditions are established for an RKHA on a compact abelian groupGto have the same spectrum as the$$C^*$$C∗-algebra of continuous functions onG. We also consider one-parameter families of RKHSs associated with semigroups of self-adjoint Markov operators on$$L^2(G)$$L2(G), and show that in this setting subconvolutivity is a necessary and sufficient condition for these spaces to have RKHA structure. Finally, we establish embedding relationships between RKHAs and a class of Fourier–Wermer algebras that includes spaces of dominating mixed smoothness used in high-dimensional function approximation.
Identification and transfer of a new Pm21 haplotype with high genetic diversity and a special molecular resistance mechanism
Authors: Huang Zhenpu , Liu Jiaqian , Lu Xiangqian , Guo Yifei , Li Yueying , Liu Yangqi , Zhang Ruiqi , Xing Liping , Cao Aizhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Key message
A new functional Pm21 haplotype, Pm21(8#), was cloned from the new wheat-H. villosa translocation line T6VS(8#)·6DL, which confers the same strong resistance to powdery mildew through a different resistance mechanism.

Abstract
Broad-spectrum disease resistance genes are desirable in crop breeding for conferring stable, durable resistance in field production. Pm21(4#) is a gene introduced from wild Haynaldia villosa into wheat that confers broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew and has been widely used in wheat production for approximately 30 years. The discovery and transfer of new functional haplotypes of Pm21 into wheat will expand its genetic diversity in production and avoid the breakdown of resistance conferred by a single gene on a large scale. Pm21(4#) previously found from T6VS(4#)·6AL has been cloned. In this study, a new wheat-H. villosa translocation, T6VS(8#)·6DL, was identified. A new functional Pm21 haplotype, designated Pm21(8#), was cloned and characterized. The genomic structures and the splicing patterns of Pm21(4#) and Pm21(8#) were different, and widespread sequence diversity was observed in the gene coding region and the promoter region. In the field, Pm21(8#) conferred resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), similar to Pm21(4#), indicating that Pm21(8#) was also a resistance gene. However, Bgt development during the infection stage was obviously different between Pm21(4#)- and Pm21(8#)-containing materials under the microscopic observation. Pm21(4#) inhibited the formation of haustoria and the development of hyphae in the initial infection stage, while Pm21(8#) limited the growth of hyphae and inhibited the formation of conidiophores in the late infection stage. Therefore, Pm21(8#) is a new functional Pm21 haplotype that provides a new gene resource for wheat breeding.
Olfactory navigation in arthropods
Authors: Steele Theresa J. , Lanz Aaron J. , Nagel Katherine I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing odors to find food and mates is one of the most ancient and highly conserved behaviors. Arthropods from flies to moths to crabs use broadly similar strategies to navigate toward odor sources—such as integrating flow information with odor information, comparing odor concentration across sensors, and integrating odor information over time. Because arthropods share many homologous brain structures—antennal lobes for processing olfactory information, mechanosensors for processing flow, mushroom bodies (or hemi-ellipsoid bodies) for associative learning, and central complexes for navigation, it is likely that these closely related behaviors are mediated by conserved neural circuits. However, differences in the types of odors they seek, the physics of odor dispersal, and the physics of locomotion in water, air, and on substrates mean that these circuits must have adapted to generate a wide diversity of odor-seeking behaviors. In this review, we discuss common strategies and specializations observed in olfactory navigation behavior across arthropods, and review our current knowledge about the neural circuits subserving this behavior. We propose that a comparative study of arthropod nervous systems may provide insight into how a set of basic circuit structures has diversified to generate behavior adapted to different environments.
Hearing rehabilitation and microbial shift after middle ear surgery with Vibrant Soundbridge in patients with chronic otitis media
Authors: Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig , Lupatsii Mariia , Möllenkolk Friederike , Leffers David , Kurabi Arwa , Jürgens Tim , Graspeuntner Simon , Hollfelder Daniela , Leichtle Anke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with otitis media (OM) encounter significant functional hearing impairment with conductive, or a combined hearing loss and long-term sequelae involving impaired speech/language development in children, reduced academic achievement and irreversible disorders of middle and inner ear requiring a long time therapy and/or multiple surgeries. In its persistent chronic form, Otitis media (COM) can often only be treated by undergoing ear surgery for hearing restoration. The persistent inflammatory reaction plays a major role, often caused by multi-resistant pathogens in the ear. Herein, we present outcomes of patients implanted with currently the only FDA approved active Middle Ear Implant Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB), suffering from persistent COM.

Methods
The study enrolled 42 patients, treated by performing middle ear (ME) surgery to different extents and implanted with the VSB to various structures in the ME. Included were 17 children and 25 adults that had recurrent and/or persisting OM and significant hearing loss. Preoperative and postoperative patients' audiometric data were evaluated and the benefit with VSB assessed using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory for adults and pediatric cohorts. The microbial spectrum of pathogens was assessed before and after surgery, exploring the colonization of the otopathogens, as well as the intestinal microbiome from individually burdened patients.

Results
The mean functional gain is 29.7 dB HL (range from 10 to 56.2 dB HL) with a significant improvement in speech intelligibility in quiet. Following VSB implantation, no significant differences in coupling were observed at low complication rates. Postoperatively patients showed significantly increased benefit with VSB compared to the untreated situation, including less otorrhea, pain, medical visits, and medication intake, with no recurrent OM and significant bacterial shift in otopathogens. The analysis of the intestinal microbiome displayed a high abundance of bacterial strains that might be linked to chronic and persistent inflammation.

Conclusions
Functional ear surgery including rehabilitation with a VSB in patients suffering from COM present to be safe and effective. The successful acceptance accompanied by the improved audiological performance resulted in significant benefit with VSB, with a shift in the ear pathogens and altered microbiome and thus is a great opportunity to be treated.
Correlation between the ablation ratio and posterior corneal stability after small incision lenticule extraction for high myopia
Authors: Yang Liyuan , Liu Shengtao , Zhou Xingtao , Zhao Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate changes in posterior corneal elevation and their correlations with the ablation ratio 3 years after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for high myopia.

Methods
Eighty eyes underwent SMILE were enrolled in this study. Eyes were classified into two groups based on the ablation ratio (AR, lenticule thickness from SMILE machine/thinnest corneal thickness): group A (< 25%, 40 eyes) and group B (≥ 25%, 40 eyes). Pentacam was used to measure the posterior corneal elevation at the central point, thinnest point, and posterior maximum elevation (PME) and the mean posterior elevation in the central 2-mm area (MPE-2 mm), 4-mm area, and 6-mm area at the 3-year follow-up.

Results
More than 85% of the eyes had an AR of less than 27%, and no cases of iatrogenic keratectasia developed. In both groups, for central region, posterior elevation decreased implying backward displacement; for peripheral region, it increased indicating forward trend. There was no significant difference in changes in all determined parameters between the two groups (P ≥ 0.07). Moreover, no significant correlation was noted between AR and posterior elevation changes. In group A, decreasing changes in PME (r =  − 0.42, P = 0.01) and MPE-2 mm (r = 0.40, P = 0.01) demonstrated negative correlations with residual bed thickness.

Conclusion
Region-dependent changes were demonstrated in the eyes that underwent SMILE. The central area showed a subtly declining posterior elevation, and the peripheral area showed a slightly increasing elevation. The limited ablation ratio had no impact on the changes in posterior corneal elevation.
Remission, complications, and overall survival in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery—a Swedish single-center experience of 578 patients
Authors: Bengtsson Ola Fridman , Sunnergren Ola , Segerhammar Ivan , Förander Petter , Olsson Martin , Hulting Anna-Lena , Stjärne Pär 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgical treatment of pituitary lesions causing hormonal overproduction or mass effect is standard procedure. There are few reports on the results and complications related to these surgeries from Northern Europe. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome and complications of a single tertiary surgical center over more than a decade.

Methods
This was a retrospective study on all patients that underwent pituitary surgery from 1st of January 2005 to 31st of December 2017. The analysis included type of lesion, surgical method, pre- and postoperative need for hormonal substitution, hormonal outcome, complications to surgery, survival, need for revision surgery, or stereotactic radiation. Appropriate statistical analyses were made to evaluate surgical results, complications, and survival.

Results
Five hundred seventy-eight patients were included in the study. Remission was achieved in 58% of patients with GH-producing and 94% of ACTH-releasing adenomas. Sixty-six percent had no preoperative hormonal substitution compared to 39% postoperatively. Rhinosinusitis (10%) was the most commonly reported postoperative complication followed by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (8%) and meningitis (4%). Standardized mortality rate for the study population was higher (p = 0.18) when compared to the general population.

Conclusion
Our results regarding remission rates and complications are in comparison with previous studies. Surgery of pituitary lesion can be considered a safe and efficient surgery. We noted lower rates of CSF leakage in the later part of the study period and believe that this, in part, was an effect by the introduction of a multidisciplinary surgical skull base team and increased surgical experience.