bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of light and noise pollution on avian communities of European cities are correlated with the species’ diet
Authors: Morelli Federico , Tryjanowski Piotr , Ibáñez-Álamo Juan Diego , Díaz Mario , Suhonen Jukka , Pape Møller Anders , Prosek Jiri , Moravec David , Bussière Raphaël , Mägi Marko , Kominos Theodoros , Galanaki Antonia , Bukas Nikos , Markó Gábor , Pruscini Fabio , Reif Jiri , Benedetti Yanina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrbanization affects avian community composition in European cities, increasing biotic homogenization. Anthropic pollution (such as light at night and noise) is among the most important drivers shaping bird use in urban areas, where bird species are mainly attracted by urban greenery. In this study, we collected data on 127 breeding bird species at 1349 point counts distributed along a gradient of urbanization in fourteen different European cities. The main aim was to explore the effects of anthropic pollution and city characteristics, on shaping the avian communities, regarding species’ diet composition. The green cover of urban areas increased the number of insectivorous and omnivorous bird species, while slightly decreasing the overall diet heterogeneity of the avian communities. The green heterogeneity—a measure of evenness considering the relative coverage of grass, shrubs and trees—was positively correlated with the richness of granivorous, insectivorous, and omnivorous species, increasing the level of diet heterogeneity in the assemblages. Additionally, the effects of light pollution on avian communities were associated with the species' diet. Overall, light pollution negatively affected insectivorous and omnivorous bird species while not affecting granivorous species. The noise pollution, in contrast, was not significantly associated with changes in species assemblages. Our results offer some tips to urban planners, managers, and ecologists, in the challenge of producing more eco-friendly cities for the future.
Diagnostic value of expired gas analysis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Saito Yuki , Obokata Masaru , Harada Tomonari , Kagami Kazuki , Murata Makoto , Sorimachi Hidemi , Kato Toshimitsu , Wada Naoki , Okumura Yasuo , Ishii Hideki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may potentially differentiate heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from noncardiac causes of dyspnea (NCD). While contemporary guidelines for HF recommend using CPET for identifying causes of unexplained dyspnea, data supporting this practice are limited. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of expired gas analysis to distinguish HFpEF from NCD. Exercise stress echocardiography with simultaneous expired gas analysis was performed in patients with HFpEF (n = 116) and those with NCD (n = 112). Participants without dyspnea symptoms were also enrolled as controls (n = 26). Exercise capacity was impaired in patients with HFpEF than in controls and those with NCD, evidenced by lower oxygen consumption (VO2), but there was a substantial overlap between HFpEF and NCD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed modest diagnostic abilities of expired gas analysis data in differentiating individuals with HFpEF from the controls; however, none of these variables clearly differentiated between HFpEF and NCD (all areas under the curve < 0.61). Expired gas analysis provided objective assessments of exercise capacity; however, its diagnostic value in identifying HFpEF among patients with symptoms of exertional dyspnea was modest.
Infrared neural stimulation markedly enhances nerve functionality assessment during nerve monitoring
Authors: Throckmorton Graham A. , Thayer Wesley , Duco Jansen E. , Mahadevan-Jansen Anita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn surgical procedures where the risk of accidental nerve damage is prevalent, surgeons commonly use electrical stimulation (ES) during intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) to assess a nerve’s functional integrity. ES, however, is subject to off-target stimulation and stimulation artifacts disguising the true functionality of the specific target and complicating interpretation. Lacking a stimulation artifact and having a higher degree of spatial specificity, infrared neural stimulation (INS) has the potential to improve upon clinical ES for IONM. Here, we present a direct comparison between clinical ES and INS for IONM performance in an in vivo rat model. The sensitivity of INS surpasses that of ES in detecting partial forms of damage while maintaining a comparable specificity and sensitivity to more complete forms. Without loss in performance, INS is readily compatible with existing clinical nerve monitoring systems. These findings underscore the clinical potential of INS to improve IONM and surgical outcomes.
Bell correlations outside physics
Authors: Gallus C. , Pothos E. M. , Blasiak P. , Yearsley J. M. , Wojciechowski B. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCorrelations are ubiquitous in nature and their principled study is of paramount importance in scientific development. The seminal contributions from John Bell offer a framework for analyzing the correlations between the components of quantum mechanical systems and have instigated an experimental tradition which has recently culminated with the Nobel Prize in Physics (2022). In physics, Bell’s framework allows the demonstration of the non-classical nature of quantum systems just from the analysis of the observed correlation patterns. Bell’s ideas need not be restricted to physics. Our contribution is to show an example of a Bell approach, based on the insight that correlations can be broken down into a part due to common, ostensibly significant causes, and a part due to noise. We employ data from finance (price changes of securities) as an example to demonstrate our approach, highlighting several general applications: first, we demonstrate a new measure of association, informed by the assumed causal relationship between variables. Second, our framework can lead to streamlined Bell-type tests of widely employed models of association, which are in principle applicable to any discipline. In the area of finance, such models of association are Factor Models and the bivariate Gaussian model. Overall, we show that Bell’s approach and the models we consider are applicable as general statistical techniques, without any domain specificity. We hope that our work will pave the way for extending our general understanding for how the structure of associations can be analyzed.
Analysis of ecological quality changes and influencing factors in Xiangjiang River Basin
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Yi Liwen , Xie Binggeng , Li Junhan , Xiao Jianyong , Xie Jing , Liu Zhixing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Xiangjiang River Basin is an important part of the Yangtze River Basin and an important area in Hunan Province. Thus, taking steps to protect the ecological sustainability of the Xiangjiang River Basin, such as the construction of the protection of ecological security in Hunan Province and the Yangtze River Protection Law, is important for national projects However, research on the ecological quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin is mostly biased toward the evaluation of ecosystem services or an individual ecological index. Furthermore, a long-term evaluation of multiple indicators is lacking. Therefore, based on Google Earth Engine and geographic detectors, the remote sensing ecological index was used to evaluate this area. The year-by-year research on the Xiangjiang River Basin from 2001 to 2020 clarified its past ecological quality change trend, explored the reasons for the ecological quality change, and provided a basis for protecting its ecological quality. The following results are presented. (1) Regarding spatial distribution, areas with poor ecological environments are mainly distributed at the centers of Chang-Zhu-Tan, Hengyang, and various districts and counties. (2) Regarding the time variation, the ecological quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin from 2001 to 2020 showed a slight downward trend, with a downward slope of approximately − 0.0000357143; a rapid increase, with a growth rate of approximately 0.00395; And an overall improvement over 20 years. The areas with declining ecological quality are mainly located in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration, the city center of Hengyang, and the county centers of various county towns. (3) The factor detection results show that human factors play a key role in population density and land use, with average q values of 0.429 and 0.353, respectively. Among natural factors, elevation and slope play a key role, with average q values of 0.230 and 0.351, respectively; hence, Land use directly affect on the ecological quality in a location. These findings will provide important information for managers to formulate ecological restoration measures for the Xiangjiang River.
Effects of virtual reality-based intervention on depression in stroke patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Hebing , Cheng Zhaohua , Wang Shuo , Jia Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications after stroke, post-stroke depression can significantly affect the initiative of rehabilitation exercise and the rehabilitation of neurological function of patients. Virtual reality (VR) has been widely used in health-related fields in recent years. There is some evidence that VR-based interventions have benefits for depression. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of VR-based intervention on depression in stroke patients. A total of 752 patients with stroke from 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies were included in this meta-analysis and the studies derived from seven electronic databases searched from database inception to August 2021. Different tools were used to measure depression. For continuous results, the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to synthesize the effects. We assessed the risk of bias by using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria. The results showed that compared to the control group, VR-based interventions significantly decreased the depression scale score (SMD =  − 0.75, 95% CI − 1.35, − 0.15). The meta-analysis indicated that VR-based intervention had a moderate effect on depression in stroke patients compared to control group. There was no evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots in Egger and Begg tests. Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, meta-regression analysis showed that mean age might be the source of heterogeneity.
Full-length human dystrophin on human artificial chromosome compensates for mouse dystrophin deficiency in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model
Authors: Hiramuki Yosuke , Abe Satoshi , Uno Narumi , Kazuki Kanako , Takata Shuta , Miyamoto Hitomaru , Takayama Haruka , Morimoto Kayoko , Takehara Shoko , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Tanihata Jun , Takeda Shin’ichi , Tomizuka Kazuma , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kazuki Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDystrophin maintains membrane integrity as a sarcolemmal protein. Dystrophin mutations lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disorder. Since dystrophin is one of the largest genes consisting of 79 exons in the human genome, delivering a full-length dystrophin using virus vectors is challenging for gene therapy. Human artificial chromosome is a vector that can load megabase-sized genome without any interference from the host chromosome. Chimeric mice carrying a 2.4-Mb human dystrophin gene-loaded human artificial chromosome (DYS-HAC) was previously generated, and dystrophin expression from DYS-HAC was confirmed in skeletal muscles. Here we investigated whether human dystrophin expression from DYS-HAC rescues the muscle phenotypes seen in dystrophin-deficient mice. Human dystrophin was normally expressed in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle and heart at expected molecular weights, and it ameliorated histological and functional alterations in dystrophin-deficient mice. These results indicate that the 2.4-Mb gene is enough for dystrophin to be correctly transcribed and translated, improving muscular dystrophy. Therefore, this technique using HAC gives insight into developing new treatments and novel humanized Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models with human dystrophin gene mutations.
Stratospheric ozone depletion in the Antarctic region triggers intense changes in sea salt aerosol geochemistry
Authors: Gonçalves Jr Sérgio J. , Evangelista Heitor , Weis Johannes , Harder Tristan H. , China Swarup , Müller Simon , Marques Magdalena M. , Magalhães Neto Newton de , Passos Heber R. , Sampaio Marcelo , Simões Jefferson C. , Ximenes de Oliveira Bruno Vinícius , Yamamoto Carlos I. , Laskin Alexander , Gilles Mary K. , Godoi Ricardo H. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the early 1980s, the Antarctic environment has served as a natural field laboratory for researchers to investigate the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, which has resulted in increased surface ultraviolet radiation levels. However, its effective threats still present gaps. We report new pieces of evidence of increased ultraviolet radiation impacting West Antarctica sea salt aerosols. Salt aerosols, particularly in the Southern Ocean Sea, play an important role in the radiative earth balance. To disclose the molecular details of sea salt aerosols, we used a synchrotron-based multi-element microscopic speciation of individual microparticles (Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy with Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy combined with Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy). Here we identified substantial abundances of chlorine-enriched aerosols in sea salt generated by photolytic products, whereas ice core records revealed increased chlorine depletion from the onset of ozone depletion. Our findings reveal that modern sea salt modification has no Holocene precedent.
Hybrid low switching frequency modulation strategy with high dynamic response for high‐power voltage source converter
Authors: Guan Bo , Yan Xuyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor high‐power converters, the low switching frequency (SF) modulation represented by selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE‐PWM) is crucial to reduce the switching loss and enhance the efficiency with a good steady‐state performance. However, since the advantages of SHE‐PWM mainly come from the fixed switching angle distribution limited by non‐linear equations, switching angles should be adjusted slowly. This requires that the bandwidth of proportional integral (PI) controllers be limited hugely, resulting in a poor dynamic response. As the most popular control to improve the dynamic response, finite‐control‐set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) has a worse steady‐state performance under low SF because of large errors caused by a long prediction period and harmonics caused by space vector PWM (SVPWM). Therefore, a hybrid modulation strategy with an acceptable complexity is proposed in this article, which combines SHE‐PWM and FCS‐MPC. PI + SHE‐PWM is adopted in a steady state with low SF, while MPC + SVPWM is used in a transient state with high SF. By studying smooth switching from the modulation level and control level, the proposed method can eliminate the current surge when switching between PI + SHE‐PWM and MPC + SVPWM. Experiments verify that the proposed method have a good steady‐state performance and high dynamic response simultaneously under overall low SF.
A mixed integer linear programming model for risk‐based remote‐controlled switches, distributed generation, and tie line placement in distribution systems with complex topologies to improve the resilience
Authors: Zare‐Bahramabadi Majid , Farzin Hossein , Ehsan Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the increasing global warming, it is anticipated that the number and severity of natural disasters will increase in the coming years. In this regard, this paper proposes a planning model to improve the resilience of distribution systems against natural disasters. A mathematical model is developed to determine the optimal locations of remote‐controlled switches (RCSs), distributed generation units (DGs), and tie lines in distribution systems with complex topologies or lateral branches. Simultaneous occurrence of multiple faults is considered to better simulate the extreme events. Moreover, the concept of multi‐microgrids is used to supply the maximum possible interrupted load after the fault occurrence. To manage the system risk and different failure scenarios, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) is added to the planning model. The optimization model has been formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem, which can be easily solved using various commercial solvers and give the global optimal solution. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed planning model on improving the distribution system resilience, it is implemented on the IEEE 33‐bus system using different case studies and sensitivity analyses.
Der Hämodialyseshunt spricht mit dir
Authors: Spindler Beate , Meyer Torsten M. 
Published: March 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie klinische Shuntuntersuchung besteht aus Inspektion, Palpation, Auskultation und Elevation. Die Techniken werden ergänzt um die Methoden Augmentationstest und sequenzieller Okklusionstest. Der Dialyseshunt sollte als eigenständiger Blutkreislauf wahrgenommen werden. Dies erleichtert die Interpretation von Symptomen zu möglichen Ursachen. Durch die Einteilung des Dialyseshunts in einzelne Shuntsegmente kann die Lokalisation der Ursache präzise genannt werden. Für die weitere Therapieentscheidung müssen Stenosen differenziert betrachtet werden. Die Punktion eines thrombosierten Dialyseshunts sollte in Zukunft nicht mehr vorkommen. Die Shuntsprache ist verständlich, weltweit gleich und sollte vom nephrologischen Team verstanden werden.
Belastungsempfinden und Unterstützungszufriedenheit von
Angehörigen der Bewohner und Patienten aus Alten-/Pflegeheimen,
Geriatrie, Palliativstationen und stationären Hospizen
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Gerundt Mareike , Giebel Astrid , Niesert Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Angehörige von Patient*innen und
Bewohner*innen aus Alten-/Pflegeheimen, Geriatrie,
Palliativstationen und stationären Hospizen stehen zumeist nicht im
Zentrum der Beachtung durch das betreuende Personal dieser Einrichtungen.
Fragestellung Wie stellt sich ihr Belastungs- und
Unterstützungsempfinden dar und wie hängt dieses mit dem
Befinden zusammen?
Methoden Anonyme Querschnittserhebung mit standardisierten
Fragebögen unter Angehörigen von Bewohner*innen/
Patient*innen aus Alten-/Pflegeheimen, Geriatrie,
Palliativstationen und Hospizen.
Ergebnisse Das psychologische Befinden der Angehörigen
(n=228) war eher gering und ihr Belastungsempfinden aufgrund der
Situation ihrer Familienangehörigen im mittleren
„auffälligen“ Bereich. Die meisten waren zufrieden mit
der Unterstützung durch ihre Familie (59%),
Freunde/Bekannte (50%) sowie durch das therapeutische Personal
(53%), jedoch deutlich weniger mit der Unterstützung durch die
Seelsorge (28%). Auch mit der Unterstützung ihrer eigenen
spirituellen Bedürfnisse durch das therapeutische Personal waren
69% zufrieden. Das Beeinträchtigungsempfinden hat damit jedoch
nichts zu tun. Für das spirituelle Wohlbefinden zeigt sich jedoch, dass
die Dimension Sinn und Bedeutung moderat mit dem Support durch Familie,
Freunde/Bekannte sowie durch das therapeutische Personal
zusammenhängt. Dass die Zufriedenheit mit deren Unterstützung
weniger mit dem psychologischen Wohlbefinden als mit dem spirituellen
Wohlbefinden zusammenhängt, insbesondere mit der Dimension Sinn, ist
überraschend.
Schlussfolgerungen Auf Mitarbeitende im Gesundheitssystem, insbesondere in
den letzten Lebensphasen der von ihnen begleiteten Patient*innen und
Bewohner*innen, kommen nicht nur unmittelbare Betreuungsaufgaben zu,
sondern auch Anforderungen seitens der Angehörigen, die über
reine Informationsbedürfnisse hinausgehen. Auch sie haben dezidierte
spirituelle Bedürfnisse, die denen der Patient*innen
ähneln. Hier sind Spiritual Care Schulungsprogramme sinnvoll, die auch
die Angehörigen in den Blick nehmen.
Physicians' and Patients' Perceptions and Practices Concerning Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. , Bashier Alaa Eldin , Afandi Bachar , Mohammed Mohammed Naman , Abdelgadir Elamin , Beshyah Anas S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives We aimed to ascertain physicians' attitudes and practices and evaluate patients' knowledge of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). Also, we would like to review the quality of patients' information on the Internet (in Arabic) concerning ATDs' including agranulocytosis.
Methods A mixed methods study design was employed, including an online physician questionnaire, structured interviews of patients on ATDs, and evaluation on web sites containing patients' information in Arabic.
Results Most physicians (82.6%) thought the frequency of agranulocytosis in patients receiving antithyroid medications is 1 to 5 per 1,000 per annum. Nearly 72% of the participants reported educating their patients about the risk of agranulocytosis when they receive ATDs regularly verbally only. Most physicians thought patients should be warned about sore throat and fever. More participants would measure a white blood cell (WBC) count only if a patient developed suggestive symptoms (57.0%) than those who do it routinely (43.0%). If a patient receiving ATDs develops suspicious symptoms, participants thought that the most efficient way to deal with this is to attend the nearest hospital emergency department (37.2%). Less thought they can go to any facility with a laboratory that can do WBC count (29.8%) or contact their usual endocrine clinic (24.4%). Nearly half of the patients (49%) were aware of the side effects of ATDs, but only 17 respondents (17.3%) identified one or both of the two most typical symptoms of agranulocytosis. The quality of the information received was evaluated as “not good at all” or “poor” by 19.2%. Over two-thirds (69.7%) of participants thought the amount of information was about right. Most participants (72.5%) preferred receiving information on side effects during consultations with their physicians. Since starting ATDs, 37.0% of patients have experienced different symptoms suggestive of agranulocytosis in various combinations. However, only one-third (12/37) had an urgent blood count. A review of 190 selected Arabic patient information Internet sites revealed a significant variation in patient advice. Six percent 11/190 (5.8%) of the sites can be considered good.
Conclusions The findings of suboptimal and inconsistent perceptions and practices of physicians and patients put patients with ATD in the Middle East at increased risk and call for more action from professional and patient advocacy groups.