bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the hardness and high-pressure behavior of osmium and ruthenium-doped rhenium diboride solid solutions
Authors: Hu Shanlin , Pangilinan Lisa E. , Turner Christopher L. , Mohammadi Reza , Kavner Abby , Kaner Richard B. , Tolbert Sarah H. 
Published: March 2023

Rhenium diboride (ReB2) exhibits high differential strain due to its puckered boron sheets that impede shear deformation. Here, we demonstrate the use of solid solution formation to enhance the Vickers hardness and differential strain of ReB2. ReB2-structured solid solutions (Re0.98Os0.02B2 and Re0.98Ru0.02B2, noted as “ReOsB2” and “ReRuB2”) were synthesized via arc-melting from the pure elements. In-situ high-pressure radial x-ray diffraction was performed in the diamond anvil cell to study the incompressibility and lattice strain of ReOsB2 and ReRuB2 up to ∼56 GPa. Both solid solutions exhibit higher incompressibility and differential strain than pure ReB2. However, while all lattice planes are strengthened by doping osmium (Os) into the ReB2 structure, only the weakest ReB2 lattice plane is enhanced with ruthenium (Ru). These results are in agreement with the Vickers hardness measurements of the two systems, where higher hardness was observed in ReOsB2. The combination of high-pressure studies with experimentally observed hardness data provides lattice specific information about the strengthening mechanisms behind the intrinsic hardness enhancement of the ReB2 system.
Phase transition, optical, and elastic properties of a new hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite: [(R)-(+)-3-aminoquinuclidine]KI3
Authors: Li Kai , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Baozhu , Chen Yong-Qiang , Cao Huaqiang , Li Wei 
Published: March 2023

A new hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite, (R-3AQ)KI3 [R-3AQ2+ = (R)-(+)-3-aminoquinuclidine], has been synthesized and comprehensively characterized by experimental approaches and density functional theory calculations. Our experimental results demonstrate that (R-3AQ)KI3 has a typical perovskite structure and exhibits a reversible order–disorder phase transition at temperatures of 457 and 443 K on heating and cooling, respectively. Under ultraviolet irradiation, a clear yellowish-green emission peaked at 556 nm was observed for (R-3AQ)KI3. The calculated electronic structure shows that (R-3AQ)KI3 possesses a typical direct bandgap with a value of 3.74 eV and its valence band maximum and conduction band minimum primarily arise from the I-5p and I-5s orbitals, respectively. In addition, the elastic calculations indicate that (R-3AQ)KI3 displays a relatively large structure stiffness, relatively small elastic anisotropy, and fairly low acoustic velocity, owing to the rigid K–I bonds and the strong hydrogen bond interactions between the [KI3]2− perovskite framework and R-3AQ2+ cations. These results suggest that the mechanical robustness of this multifunctional (R-3AQ)KI3 makes it a good candidate material for sensing applications.
Stances toward translation training and the discipline
Authors: Aiello Jacqueline , Latorraca Rossella 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Increased attention to professionalism and realism in translation classes at university has resulted in the development of a wide range of approaches to foster future translators’ construction of knowledge and identity pertaining to their upcoming professional career and community. This paper centres on a professionalizing seminar that shared these aims. Employing corpus, stance and discourse analysis, it examines the retrospective reports written by the future translators who participated in the seminar to unveil beliefs on their experience of the seminar, their university training, their perceived competence, and their present and future identities as translators. The results of the study suggest, on the one hand, that participants perceived that the seminar fostered awareness of the professional domain of translators, heightened cognizance of their skills, and gave them authentic practice as translators and, on the other, participants perceived lacunae in their training and gaps in their competences, with potential implications on their (perceived) employability.
Audiovisual mediation through English intralingual and interlingual subtitling
Authors: Iaia Pietro Luigi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper reports on a case study implemented at the University of Salento and, partially, at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, concerning the use of subtitles as a didactic tool to develop intercultural communication skills. This study examines the intralingual and interlingual translations of the reportage Fortress Italia: Capsized in Lampedusa, about migrant arrivals in Italy and Europe. Although the video is of interest to international viewers, the lack of proper subtitling may undermine its accessibility to non-native English speakers. On the one hand, subtitles do not appear when Standard English is used, so the comprehension of those utterances depends on the receivers’ listening skills; on the other hand, the official retextualizations are characterized by formal register and editorial additions that may affect their readability. For these reasons, an alternative rendering was commissioned to a number of undergraduate and postgraduate students of Translation and Interpreting, in order to enquire into new areas of adoption of English as an International Language and as a Lingua Franca. The analysis of the selected corpus of extracts will pinpoint the strategies of lexical and structural simplification and condensation, along with the selection of specific verb tenses and aspects, which are expected to enhance the envisaged recipients’ understanding of the video’s message. Since these features of English are actively selected, by the subjects that were involved in this research, so as to foster cross-cultural communication between the authors and viewers of the news report, this study contends that specific lingua-franca uses can be activated when subtitling multimodal texts. Hence, the notion of ‘audiovisual mediation’ will be introduced in order to label an approach to audiovisual translation aiming to: (i) make the illocutionary force accessible and acceptable to the envisaged, international audience; and (ii) overcome the conventional associations between dubbing and domestication, and subtitling and foreignization.
On communicating extruded aluminium surface quality along the supply chain – a customer approach to sustainable surfaces
Authors: Rebeggiani S , Bergman M , Rosén B-G , Eriksson L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Today, far too many products are scrapped due to surface related issues, products with perfect function but with minor surface blemishes. The complaints are often offset by goodwill commitments from suppliers at great cost to them and delivery delays and lead time costs for customers. The reason is that the industry relies on several non-standardized classification systems for surface quality that are based on various combinations of and designations for surface defects, assessed by visual inspections at a defined distance to determine the severity of any detected surface deviations. These similar classification systems provide far too much scope for subjective and non-repeatable assessments causing communication problems between customer and producer at all stages in the supply chain. To challenge this situation, a common toolbox to communicate, describe and define surface quality should be developed, i.e. a standardisation of surface quality assessment including various effects and defects with a jointly established nomenclature and evaluation parameters. This work presents the first step of a research project bringing together 11 suppliers and OEMs along the supply chain, from the delivery of raw aluminium to finished alumina profiles included in consumer products. The final goal of the project is to develop an ‘objective classification of visual requirements’ on alumina profiles towards increased sustainability and decreased material wastage. Presented result is a common terminology with links to the process chain, surface defect geometry and visual appearance aiming at making the communication between producers and buyers of the aluminium profiles clearer and more unambiguous when it comes to specification and requirements of profile surfaces in each of the supply-chain links. Future work will add measurable parameters specifying surface quality.
Printed soft skin electrodes for seamless bio-impedance measurements
Authors: Levit Bara , Krebsbach Peter , Bar-Haim Chen , Hernandez-Sosa Gerardo , Hanein Yael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Bio-impedance measurements are widely used to assess various physiological parameters. Contemporary skin electrodes for bio-impedance measurements are cumbersome and novel electrode designs are needed to allow fast and easy placement, long-term stability and user comfort. This investigation introduces dry, printed, bio-compatible electrode arrays, made of screen-printed carbon and inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS that measure bio-impedance non-invasively and stably. Two contact impedance measurements yield the lowest normalized values of soft electrodes reported to date. Four contact bio-impedance measurements from the radial, ulnar, common carotid and superficial temporal arteries were performed, demonstrating the ability to capture blood pulsation in different areas with small form factor. Owing to the unique properties of the printed electrodes reported here, we were able to demonstrate for the first time blood pulsation in the face, continuous blood pulsation measurement during simultaneous muscle activation and signal stability over many hours.
Evaluation and optimization of ecological compensation fairness in prefecture-level cities of Anhui province
Authors: Wang Sufeng , Li Shourong , Jiao Jianling 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Scientific evaluation and continuous optimization of the fairness of ecological compensation are conducive to improving the effect of air pollution control. However, relevant research in this field is in its infancy. Based on the data on urban-scale PM2.5 concentration and ecological compensation from the third quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2020, this study takes 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province as the research area and uses the Granger causality test to determine the PM2.5 overflow paths of each city. Moreover, using 2020 as an example, the PM2.5 spillover effect of each city is calculated, and the haze Gini coefficient of Anhui Province is obtained. According to the empirical results, the ecological compensation policy for PM2.5 control in Anhui Province is in a relatively equal fairness range (0.295). On this basis, combined with the scatter diagram of ecological compensation and spillover effect, it is suggested to reduce the ecological compensation of five cities, including Maanshan and Xuancheng, while the ecological compensation of the remaining 11 cities should be increased. Two feasible optimization schemes, i.e., annual adjustment and regular adjustment, are proposed for environmental regulators to choose.
Development and validation of explainable machine learning models for risk of mortality in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: TAVI risk machine scores
Authors: Leha Andreas , Huber Cynthia , Friede Tim , Bauer Timm , Beckmann Andreas , Bekeredjian Raffi , Bleiziffer Sabine , Herrmann Eva , Möllmann Helge , Walther Thomas , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Hamm Christian , Künzi Arnaud , Windecker Stephan , Stortecky Stefan , Kutschka Ingo , Hasenfuß Gerd , Ensminger Stephan , Frerker Christian , Seidler Tim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Identification of high-risk patients and individualized decision support based on objective criteria for rapid discharge after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are key requirements in the context of contemporary TAVI treatment. This study aimed to predict 30-day mortality following TAVI based on machine learning (ML) using data from the German Aortic Valve Registry.

Methods and results
Mortality risk was determined using a random forest ML model that was condensed in the newly developed TAVI Risk Machine (TRIM) scores, designed to represent clinically meaningful risk modelling before (TRIMpre) and in particular after (TRIMpost) TAVI. Algorithm was trained and cross-validated on data of 22 283 patients (729 died within 30 days post-TAVI) and generalisation was examined on data of 5864 patients (146 died). TRIMpost demonstrated significantly better performance than traditional scores [C-statistics value, 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI)] [0.74; 0.83] compared to Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) with C-statistics value 0.69; 95%-CI [0.65; 0.74]). An abridged (aTRIMpost) score comprising 25 features (calculated using a web interface) exhibited significantly higher performance than traditional scores (C-statistics value, 0.74; 95%-CI [0.70; 0.78]). Validation on external data of 6693 patients (205 died within 30 days post-TAVI) of the Swiss TAVI Registry confirmed significantly better performance for the TRIMpost (C-statistics value 0.75, 95%-CI [0.72; 0.79]) compared to STS (C-statistics value 0.67, CI [0.63; 0.70]).

Conclusion
TRIM scores demonstrate good performance for risk estimation before and after TAVI. Together with clinical judgement, they may support standardised and objective decision-making before and after TAVI.
G-matrix stability in clinally diverging populations of an annual weed
Authors: Henry Georgia A , Stinchcombe John R 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow phenotypic and genetic divergence among populations is influenced by the genetic architecture of those traits, and how microevolutionary changes in turn affect the within-population patterns of genetic variation, are of major interest to evolutionary biology. Work on Ipomoea hederacea, an annual vine, has found genetic clines in the means of a suite of ecologically important traits, including flowering time, growth rate, seed mass, and corolla width. Here we investigate the genetic (co)variances of these clinally varying traits in two northern range-edge and two central populations of I. hederacea to evaluate the influence of the genetic architecture on divergence across the range. We find (1) limited evidence for clear differentiation between Northern and Southern populations in the structure of G, suggesting overall stability of G across the range despite mean trait divergence and (2) that the axes of greatest variation (gmax) were unaligned with the axis of greatest multivariate divergence. Together these results indicate the role of the quantitative genetic architecture in constraining evolutionary response and divergence among populations across the geographic range.
The effects of selfing on multi-step adaptation
Authors: Xu Kuangyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMacroevolutionary studies have estimated higher extinction rates of self-compatible lineages than self-incompatible ones. A leading explanation is that selfing may prevent adaptation, since models show that selfing can inhibit the fixation of adaptive alleles at a single locus (1-step adaptation). However, adaptation often involves changes at multiple loci (multi-step adaption), but the effects of selfing remain unclear because selfing increases homozygosity, which affects selection intensity, the effective population size, and the effective recombination rate. By modeling using population genetic models, I investigate the effects of selfing on adaption requiring fixation of 2 adaptive alleles, I show that intermediate selfing rates generally promote adaption, by increasing the fixation probability of the double-mutant haplotype once it is generated. In constant-sized populations, selfing increases the rate of adaptation through the fixation of new mutations even when both alleles are dominant. In demographically declining populations, the rescue probability rises sharply as the selfing rate increases from zero, but quickly drops to be low when it approaches 1.0. These findings are at odds with the hypothesis that higher extinction rates of self-compatible lineages result from reduced adaptive potential but may help explain why some studies have failed to detect relaxation of selection in selfers and also the prevalence of mixed-mating systems.
Early diversification of avian limb morphology and the role of modularity in the locomotor evolution of crown birds
Authors: Eliason Chad M , Proffitt James V , Clarke Julia A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh disparity among avian forelimb and hind limb segments in crown birds relative to non-avialan theropod dinosaurs, potentially driven by the origin of separate forelimb and hind limb locomotor modules, has been linked to the evolution of diverse avian locomotor behaviors. However, this hypothesized relationship has rarely been quantitatively investigated in a phylogenetic framework. We assessed the relationship between the evolution of limb morphology and locomotor behavior by comparing a numerical proxy for locomotor disparity to morphospace sizes derived from a dataset of 1,241 extant species. We then estimated how limb disparity accumulated during the crown avian radiation. Lastly, we tested whether limb segments evolved independently between each limb module using phylogenetically informed regressions. Hind limb disparity increased significantly with locomotor disparity after accounting for clade age and species richness. We found that forelimb disparity accumulated rapidly early in avian evolution, whereas hind limb disparity accumulated later, in more recent divergences. We recovered little support for strong correlations between forelimb and hind limb morphology. We posit that these findings support independent evolution of locomotor modules that enabled the striking morphological and behavioral disparity of extant birds.
Digest: Parks aren’t just for us: city parks as archipelagos for the study of rapid evolution
Authors: Murphy Leah , Maguire Billie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCan city parks provide adequate environments for studying rapid evolution? Jackson et al. (2022) found divergent selection is contributing to significant rates of phenotypic divergence across city populations of the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii), suggesting city green spaces may be ideal for the study of rapid evolution in urban populations.
Characterization of S-layer proteins produced by lactobacilli isolated from Romanian artisan fermented products
Authors: Grosu-Tudor Silvia-Simona , Angelescu Iulia-Roxana , Brînzan Alexandru , Zamfir Medana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo characterize S-layer proteins produced by four lactobacilli isolated from Romanian artisan fermented products.Methods and resultsFour lactobacilli strains have been shown to produce S-layer proteins, both under optimal and stressfull conditions. The presence of S-layer proteins was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Removal of S-layer proteins caused a loss of the bacterial resistance to stress conditions and of the autoaggregation ability. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified peptides corresponding to Slp M sequence in case of Levilactobacillus brevis 403, and peptides corresponding to Slp A sequence in case of Lactobacillus helveticus 34.9. The analysis confirmed molecular masses of ∼51 and 48 kDa, respectively, for the two proteins, and gave information about their pI, of about 9.4–9.6. A specific PCR amplification was obtained for the genome of Lact. helveticus 34.9 with slpA primers, and the amplicon sequence was 95.31% identical to slpA gene.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that certain environmental stress conditions can induce the S-layer production, which helps the producing cells to survive under unfavorable conditions.
Chemical Characteristics and Comparison of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Herba Carbonisata by Combination of GC–MS and UHPLC–MS Strategies
Authors: Xiaoying Ding , Hao Shenghui , Li Hengyang , Wang Tao , Li Wenjie , Guan Shengjiang , Zheng Yuguang , Guo Long , Zhang Dan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Schizonepetae Herba (SH, Jingjie) and Schizonepetae Herba Carbonisata (SHC, Jingjie Tan) are two different forms of the same herbal material, with SHC being the processed product of SH. The different clinical efficacies of SH and SHC may be caused by changes in their chemical compositions. Despite this, there have been few studies that have reported on the comparative identification of SH and SHC. Therefore, the aims of this experiment are to investigate the differential changes of non-volatile and volatile components before and after SH processing.

Objectives
To establish combination strategies for identifying the chemical markers in SH and SHC using ultra-HPLC–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS) and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS).

Methods
UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS and HS-GC–MS methods was utilized to comprehensively discriminate between SH and SHC. To identify chemical markers, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed on 14 batches of SH and SHC.

Results
A total of 71 non-volatile compounds and 81 volatile compounds were tentatively identified in SH and SHC. Among these, 14 non-volatile compounds and 18 volatile oils were found to be potential characteristic markers that can differentiate between SH and SHC.

Conclusion
The present work provides valuable information for understanding the chemical differences between SH and SHC. The results obtained from this research may serve as a scientific foundation for comprehensively revealing the mechanisms involved in the carbonizing processing method of stir-frying SH.

Highlights
The chemical changes that occur before and after carbonizing SH were investigated using integrated methods based on LC–MS and GC–MS, and chemical markers in SH and SHC were identified.
American Indian Casinos and Native American Self-Identification
Authors: Antman Francisca M , Duncan Brian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper links Native American racial self-identification with the rise in tribal gaming across the United States. We find that state policy changes allowing tribes to open casinos are associated with an increase in the probability that individuals with American Indian ancestors will self-identify as Native American and a decrease in the probability that individuals with no American Indian ancestry will self-identify as Native American. Moreover, we find that the magnitudes of the impacts are increasing in the strength of American Indian ancestral ties. Similar results hold when causal identification comes from American Indian casino openings across states over time and suggestive evidence shows stronger impacts if casinos are likely to pay per capita dividend payments to their members. These results are consistent with a conceptual framework in which we tie racial identification to economic motivations as well as social stigma associated with affiliating with a racial group for those without documented ancestral ties. Our results underscore the importance of economic incentives and social factors underlying the individual choice of racial identity.
Monoclonal Antibody Use for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Sherman Gilad , Lamb Gabriella S , Sharma Tanvi S , Lloyd Elizabeth C , Nagel Jerod , Dandam Nada N , Oliveira Carlos R , Sheikha Hassan S , Anosike Brenda I , Lee Philip , Vora Surabhi B , Patel Karisma , Sue Paul K , Rubbab Beenish , Yarbrough April M , Ganapathi Lakshmi , Nakamura Mari M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 are authorized in high-risk patients aged ≥12 years, but evidence in pediatric patients is limited. In our cohort of 142 patients treated at seven pediatric hospitals between 12/1/20 and 7/31/21, 9% developed adverse events, 6% were admitted for COVID-19 within 30 days, and none received ventilatory support or died.