bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Aspects of the Use Artificial Intelligence in Telemedicine
Authors: Gallese Nobile C. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: the rapid expansion of the use of telemedicine in clinical practice and the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence has raised many privacy issues and concerns among legal scholars. Due to the sensitive nature of the data involved particular attention should be paid to the legal aspects of those systems. This article aimed to explore the legal implication of the use of Artificial Intelligence in the field of telemedicine, especially when continuous learning and automated decision-making systems are involved; in fact, providing personalized medicine through continuous learning systems may represent an additional risk. Particular attention is paid to vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and severely ill patients, due to both the digital divide and the difficulty of expressing free consent.Methods: comparative and formal legal methods allowed to analyze current regulation of the Artificial Intelligence and set up its correlations with the regulation on telemedicine, GDPR and others.Results: legal implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine, especially when continuous learning and automated decision-making systems are involved were explored; author concluded that providing personalized medicine through continuous learning systems may represent an additional risk and offered the ways to minimize it. Author also focused on the issues of informed consent of vulnerable groups (children, elderly, severely ill patients).Scientific novelty: existing risks and issues that are arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine with particular attention to continuous learning systems are explored.Practical significance: results achieved in this paper can be used for lawmaking process in the sphere of use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine and as base for future research in this area as well as contribute to limited literature on the topic.
Algorithmic Discrimination and Privacy Protection
Authors: Falletti E. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: emergence of digital technologies such as Artificial intelligence became a challenge for states across the world. It brought many risks of the violations of human rights, including right to privacy and the dignity of the person. That is why it is highly relevant to research in this area. That is why this article aims to analyse the role played by algorithms in discriminatory cases. It focuses on how algorithms may implement biased decisions using personal data. This analysis helps assess how the Artificial Intelligence Act proposal can regulate the matter to prevent the discriminatory effects of using algorithms.Methods: the methods used were empirical and comparative analysis. Comparative analysis allowed to compare regulation of and provisions of Artificial Intelligence Act proposal. Empirical analysis allowed to analyse existing cases that demonstrate us algorithmic discrimination.Results: the study’s results show that the Artificial Intelligence Act needs to be revised because it remains on a definitional level and needs to be sufficiently empirical. Author offers the ideas of how to improve it to make more empirical.Scientific novelty: the innovation granted by this contribution concerns the multidisciplinary study between discrimination, data protection and impact on empirical reality in the sphere of algorithmic discrimination and privacy protection.Practical significance: the beneficial impact of the article is to focus on the fact that algorithms obey instructions that are given based on the data that feeds them. Lacking abductive capabilities, algorithms merely act as obedient executors of the orders. Results of the research can be used as a basis for further research in this area as well as in law-making process.
Approaches to Regulating Relations in the Sphere of Developing and Using the Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Features and Practical Applicability
Authors: Erahtina O. S. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: to review the modern scientific approaches to regulating relations in the sphere of using the artificial intelligence technologies; to reveal the main features and limitations of using the risk-oriented and technological approaches in order to determine the directions of their further development.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is a set of scientific cognition methods, including the general scientific dialectic method and the universal scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, comparison, summarization, structural-functional, and formal-logical methods).Results: it was determined that the use of the risk-oriented approach implies building constructive models of risk management. A significant issue in using this approach is the bases of referring the artificial intelligence technologies to high-risk ones. When determining the risk level of using the artificial intelligence technologies, the following criteria should be applied: the type of artificial intelligence technology, its sphere of use, and the level of potential harm for the environment, health and other fundamental human rights.In turn, the central issue of using the technological approach is the necessity and limits of regulation in the sphere of developing and using the artificial intelligence technologies. First, interference into this sphere must not create obstacles for developing technologies and innovations. Second, a natural reaction of a regulator towards newly emerging objects and subjects of turnover is the “imperfect law syndrome”. At the same time, a false idea about a lack of legal regulation may produce an opposite effect – duplication of legal norms. To solve the problem of duplicating legal requirements, it is necessary, first of all, to solve the issue of the need to regulate the artificial intelligence technologies or certain types of software applications.Scientific novelty: a review was carried out of the main approaches to regulating relations in the sphere of developing and using the artificial intelligence technologies; the opportunities and limitations of their use are revealed; further directions of their development are proposed.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used for determining the optimal approaches to regulating the sphere of digital technologies and for improving the legal regulation of the studied sphere of social relations.
AI-Based Autonomous Weapons and Individual Criminal Responsibility Under the Rome Statute
Authors: Hassan F. M. , Osman N. D. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:international law obligates states to prosecute those who have violated laws in armed conflicts, particularly when the international community now has International Criminal Court (ICC).That is why the aim of the paper is to discover the responsibility for the crimes made with the use of AI-based autonomous vehicles in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC.Methods:doctrinal analysis allowed to research the positions of experts on the responsibility for the crimes made with the use of AI-based autonomous vehicles in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC. Results:this paper argues that the ICC can only exercise jurisdiction over natural persons who allegedly have committed the crimes under its jurisdiction, as compared to autonomous weapons. This paper argues that the persons who facilitate the commission of the alleged crimes are highly likely to be criminally responsible for providing means for the alleged crimes to be committed by AI-based autonomous weapons under Article 25(3)(c) of the Rome Statute and concludes that the Rome Statute provides a solution even to AI-based autonomous weapons.Scientific novelty:this paper addresses to the highly relevant issues of the responsibility for the crimes made with the use of AI-based autonomous vehicles in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC.Practical significance:the results achieved in the paper can be used in regulation design for AI-based autonomous weapons. It can also be used as a basis for the future research in the sphere of liability of AI-based autonomous weapons and AI in general
Ethical-Legal Models of the Society Interactions with the Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Bakhteev D. V. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: to explore the modern condition of the artificial intelligence technology in forming prognostic ethical-legal models of the society interactions with the end-to-end technology under study.Methods: the key research method is modeling. Besides, comparative, abstract-logic and historical methods of scientific cognition were applied.Results: four ethical-legal models of the society interactions with the artificial intelligence technology were formulated: the tool (based on using an artificial intelligence system by a human), the xenophobia (based on competition between a human and an artificial intelligence system), the empathy (based on empathy and co-adaptation of a human and an artificial intelligence system), and the tolerance (based on mutual exploitation and cooperation between a human and artificial intelligence systems) models. Historical and technical prerequisites for such models formation are presented. Scenarios of the legislator reaction on using this technology are described, such as the need for selective regulation, rejection of regulation, or a full-scale intervention into the technological economy sector. The models are compared by the criteria of implementation conditions, advantages, disadvantages, character of “human – artificial intelligence system” relations, probable legal effects and the need for regulation or rejection of regulation in the sector.Scientific novelty: the work provides assessment of the existing opinions and approaches, published in the scientific literature and mass media, analyzes the technical solutions and problems occurring in the recent past and present. Theoretical conclusions are confirmed by references to applied situations of public or legal significance. The work uses interdisciplinary approach, combining legal, ethical and technical constituents, which, in the author’s opinion, are criteria for any modern socio-humanitarian researches of the artificial intelligence technologies.Practical significance: the artificial intelligence phenomenon is associated with the fourth industrial revolution; hence, this digital technology must be researched in a multi-aspectual and interdisciplinary way. The approaches elaborated in the article can be used for further technical developments of intellectual systems, improvements of branch legislation (for example, civil and labor), and for forming and modifying ethical codes in the sphere of development, introduction and use of artificial intelligence systems in various situations.
The Possibility and Necessity of the Human-Centered AI in Legal Theory and Practice
Authors: Rezaev A. V. , Tregubova N. D. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: the paper aims to define the problems juridical theory and practice face with the progress of AI technologies in everyday life and correlate these problems with the human-centered approach to exploring artificial intelligence (Human-Centered AI).Methods: the research critically analyzes the relevant literature from various disciplines: jurisprudence, sociology, philosophy, and computer sciences.Results: the article articulates the prospects and problems the legal system confronts with the advancement of digital technologies in general and the tools of AI specifically. The identified problems are correlated with the provisions of the human-centered approach to AI. The authors acknowledge the necessity for AI inventors, as well as the owners of companies participating in the race to develop artificial intelligence technologies, to place humans, not machines, into the focus of attention as a primary value. In particular, special effort should be directed towards collecting and analyzing high-quality data for the organization of artificial intelligence tools development, taking into account that nowadays, the tools of AI are as practical as the data on which they are trained are effective.The authors formulate three principles of human-centered AI for the legal sphere: 1) a human as a necessary link in the chain of making and executing legal decisions; 2) the need to regulate artificial intelligence at the international law level; 3) formulating “a taboo” for introducing the artificial intelligence technologies.Scientific novelty: the article manifests one of the first attempts in the Russianlanguage scientific literature to outline the prospects of developing humancentered AI methodology in jurisprudence. Based on an analysis of special literature, the authors formulate three principles of including artificial intelligence into juridical theory and practice according to the assumptions of a human-centered approach to AI.Practical significance: the principles and arguments the article advances can be helpful in the legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies and their harmonious inclusion into legal practices.
Autonomous MicroED data collection enables compositional analysis
Authors: Unge Johan , Lin Jieye , Weaver Sara , Her Ampon Sae , Gonen Tamir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
MicroED is an effective method for analyzing the structural properties of sub-micron crystals, which are frequently found in small-molecule powders. By developing and using an autonomous and high throughput approach to MicroED, we demonstrate the expansion of capabilities and the possibility of performing complete compositional analysis of complex samples. With the use of SerialEM for data collection of thousands of datasets from thousands of crystals and an automated processing pipeline, compositional analysis of complex mixtures of organic and inorganic compounds can be accurately executed. Quantitative analysis suitable for compounds having similar chemical properties can be made on the fly. These compounds can be distinguished by their crystal structure properties prior to structure solution. Additionally, with sufficient statistics from the autonomous approach, even small amounts of compounds in mixtures can be reliably detected. Finally, atomic structures can be determined from the thousands of data sets.
Relationships of ground motion parameters and energy demands for SDOF and MDOF systems in RC buildings
Authors: MERAL Emrah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the correlation between ground motion parameters and energy demands of low-rise RC buildings without shear walls. Two regular 4- and 7-storey residential buildings are seismically designed to represent low-rise RC buildings. In order to establish the demands of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems as well as multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, the dynamic features of “equivalent” SDOF systems are defined by using MDOF systems. The correlation of 20 ground motion parameters (GMPs) of 44 records with the energy demands obtained from a total of 176 nonlinear time history analyses is investigated for SDOF and MDOF systems within the scope of the study. The ground motion parameters (GMPs) have been taken as intensity measures (IMs) while values of maximum input energy are used as demand measure (DM) and these energy values are normalized with the masses of the buildings for cases where the buildings are evaluated together. Parameters related to acceleration and velocity are generally found to have better consequences than ones related to frequency and displacement. Velocity Spectrum Intensity (VSI) and Arias Intensity (Ia) have been obtained to have the highest correlation values as a single parameter. This study suggested new equations with combining multiple ground motion parameters for SDOF and MDOF systems to reflect damage potential better than a single parameter. The usage of combined multiple parameters achieves an evident enrichment of the correlation coefficients.
Motor oscillations reveal new correlates of error processing in the human brain
Authors: Yordanova Juliana , Falkenstein Michael , Kolev Vasil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that during motor responses, the activation of the motor cortical regions emerges in close association with the activation of the medial frontal cortex implicated with performance monitoring and cognitive control. The present study explored the oscillatory neurodynamics of response-related potentials during correct and error responses to test the hypothesis that such continuous communication would modify the characteristics of motor potentials during performance errors.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at 64 electrodes in a four-choice reaction task and response-related potentials (RRPs) of correct and error responses were analysed. Oscillatory RRP components at extended motor areas were analysed in the theta (3.5-7 Hz) and delta (1-3 Hz) frequency bands with respect to power, temporal synchronization (phase-locking factor, PLF), and spatial synchronization (phase-locking value, PLV).
Major results demonstrated that motor oscillations differed between correct and error responses. Error-related changes (1) were frequency-specific, engaging delta and theta frequency bands, (2) emerged already before response production, and (3) had specific regional topographies at posterior sensorimotor and anterior (pre-motor and medial frontal) areas. Specifically, the connectedness of motor and sensorimotor areas contra-lateral to the response supported by delta networks was substantially reduced during errors. Also, there was an error-related suppression of the phase stability of delta and theta oscillations at these areas. This synchronization reduction was accompanied by increased temporal synchronization of motor theta oscillations at bi-lateral pre-motor regions and by two distinctive error-related effects at medial frontal regions: (1) a focused fronto-central enhancement of theta power and (2) a separable enhancement of the temporal synchronization of delta oscillations with a localized medial frontal focus.
Together, these observations indicate that the electrophysiological signatures of performance errors are not limited to the medial frontal signals, but they also involve the dynamics of oscillatory motor networks at extended cortical regions generating the movement. Also, they provide a more detailed picture of the medial frontal processes activated in relation to error processing.
The causal effect of screen uses versus reading on the brain development in early adolescents
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zhao Ruoke , Xu Xinyi , Chen Ruike , Chen Yiwei , Zhang Yuqi , Zhao Zhiyong , Dang Xixi , Wu Dan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The rise of new media has greatly changed our lifestyles, leading to increased time spent on these digital platforms and less time spent reading. This shift has a particularly profound impact on children and adolescents, who are in a critical stage of brain development. Previous studies have found associations between screen use and mental health in children. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are mediated by other variables or if they directly cause the observed outcomes. Here, we utilized the ABCD dataset to examine the causal relationships between screen use and brain development (cognitive, behavioral, or neuroimaging outcomes), and tested the potential displacement effect of screen use on reading habits, based on Mendelian Randomization analysis. Our results revealed adverse causal effects of screen use on language ability and behavior (e.g. withdrawn/depressed symptoms and social problems) in early adolescents between 9 - 13 years old while reading had positive causal effects on their language ability and brain volume in the bilateral frontal and temporal regions. Interestingly, increased screen use was identified as a result, rather than a cause, of behavioral issues such as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, our analysis uncovered an indirect influence of screen use, mediated by changes in reading habits, on brain development, e.g., screen indirectly reduced brain volume by reducing reading time although no direct causal effect was found. These findings provide new evidence for a causal influence of screen use and reading habits on brain development and highlight the importance of monitoring media use and related habits change in children.
Extracts of tamarillo, horned melon, and raspberries, but not extract of pear, inhibit human blood platelet aggregation: Investigating the underlying factors for their differential mechanisms
Authors: Barin Agnese , Das Ranjit K. , Bastani Nasser E. , Iversen Per Ole , Duttaroy Asim K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fruit extracts may be cardioprotective via favorable modulation of platelet-blood vessel interaction. We here show that sugar-free extracts of tamarillo, horned melon (kiwano), and raspberry in a dose-dependent manner inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. In contrast, pear extract had no such effect. Furthermore, analysisof untargeted metabolites revealed the presence of platelet inhibitory components such as benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid in the sugar-free extracts of tamarillo, raspberry, and kiwano, but not in pear extract. All these three fruit extracts inhibited the platelet production of TxB2 and the release of platelet factor 4. In conclusion, our work suggests that tamarillo, raspberry, and kiwano inhibit platelet aggregation partly due to the high levels of anti-platelet compounds such as benzoic, caffeic, and gallic acids.
Country Park Landscape Quality Evaluation and Optimization Strategies Based on the AHP-TOPSIS-POE Model: A Case Study of Four Country Parks in Shanghai
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Liu Jianwei , Zhu Wei , Luo Jingyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To clarify the differences in the landscape environment quality of urban country parks, we used the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) and the approaching ideal solution method (TOPSIS) to build a criterion layer from four points of view: ecological environment, visual landscape, service facilities and humanistic landscape. We selected 21 evaluation factors to form an index layer to evaluate the landscape quality of four country parks in Shanghai. The AHP-TOPSIS evaluation system was validated using the condition evaluation method (POE) to verify the accuracy and appropriateness of the system. We proposed landscape improvement strategies based on the evaluation results. The results showed that the combined AHP-TOPSIS-POE model can be used to effectively assign weights to evaluation indexes when evaluating the landscape quality of country parks and avoid the one-sidedness of single-factor decision making and the errors caused by human subjective factors. The AHP-TOPSIS-POE model provides a new framework for evaluating the landscape quality of urban country parks.
Tunable Dual-Band Terahertz Filter with Elliptical Graphene Layer and Liquid Crystal Reorientation: Circuit Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Razmkhah Iman , Adelpour Zahra , Sadeghi Mojtaba 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A post-fabrication tunable terahertz plasmonic filter based on graphene and liquid crystal is proposed. Elliptical-shaped graphene layers are positioned on top of a silica layer to create two pass band resonance frequencies. The reorientation feature of liquid crystal molecules through the incident beam angle and chemical potential values of graphene layers are two parameters to control the resonance frequencies and transmission loss. Our simulations indicate that the optimum performance can be achieved when graphene chemical potential is set to 0.6. Moreover, 3.8THz and 7.9THz are the passband frequencies with negligible transmittance loss. Additionally, a mathematical model of the structure is developed using the Transmission Line Method (TLM), allowing the geometries and materials to be converted into a circuit model. The results obtained from full wave simulations were compared to those obtained through the mathematical model, and acceptable agreement is report.