bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged infusion of bivalirudin after elective percutaneous coronary intervention protects against procedural myocardial injury (a COBER study)—a randomized trial
Authors: Wu Zhiming , Meng Peina , Guo Yajie , You Wei , Wu Xiangqi , Ye Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProcedural myocardial injury (PMI), which is the most common complication of elective percutaneous coronary intervention (ePCI), is associated with future adverse cardiac events. In this randomized pilot trial, we assessed the effects of prolonged use of the anti-coagulant bivalirudin on PMI after ePCI. Patients undergoing ePCI were randomized into the following two groups: the bivalirudin use during operation group (BUDO, 0.75 mg/kg bolus plus 1.75 mg/kg/h) and the bivalirudin use during and after operation for 4 h (BUDAO, 0.75 mg/kg bolus plus 1.75 mg/kg/h). Blood samples were collected before and 24 h after ePCI (per 8 h). The primary outcome, PMI, was defined as an increase in post-ePCI cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels of > 1 × 99th% upper reference limit (URL) when the pre-PCI cTnI was normal or a rise in cTnI of > 20% of the baseline value when it was above the 99th percentile URL, but it was stable or falling. Major PMI (MPMI) was defined as a post-ePCI cTnI increase of > 5 × 99th% URL. A total of 330 patients were included (n = 165 per group). The incidences of PMI and MPMI were not significantly higher in the BUDO group than in the BUDAO group (PMI: 115 [69.70%] vs. 102 [61.82%],P = 0.164; MPMI: 81 [49.09%] vs. 70 [42.42%],P = 0.269). However, the absolute change in cTnI levels (calculated as the peak value 24 h post-PCI minus the pre-PCI value) was notably larger in the BUDO group (0.13 [0.03, 1.95]) than in the BUDAO group (0.07 [0.01, 0.61]) (P = 0.045). Moreover, the incidence of bleeding events was similar between the two groups (BUDO: 0 [0.00%]; BUDAO: 2 [1.21%],P = 0.498). Prolonged infusion of bivalirudin for 4 h after ePCI reduces PMI severity without increasing the risk of bleeding.ClinicalTrials.gov.Number: NCT04120961, 09/10/2019.
Backscatter‐assisted Non‐orthogonal multiple access network for next generation communication
Authors: Xie Ximing , Ding Zhiguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNon‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique introduces spectrum cooperation among different users and devices, which improves spectrum efficiency significantly. Energy‐limited devices benefit from the backscatter (BAC) technique to transmit signals without extra energy consumption. The combination of NOMA and BAC provides a promising solution for Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where massive devices simultaneously transmit and receive signals. This study investigates a system model with two NOMA downlink users and an uplink device. The aim is to maximise the data rate of the uplink device by optimising the power allocation coefficient and the backscattering coefficient. Meanwhile the quality of service requirements of two NOMA users are guaranteed. The closed‐form solution of two optimisation variables is derived, and an alternating algorithm is also proposed to solve the formulated optimisation problem efficiently. The proposed system verifies the feasibility of IoT devices being added into existing networks and provides a promising solution for wireless communication networks in the future.
Leitlinie Myokarditis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Pädiatrische Kardiologie
Authors: Paul Thomas , Klingel Karin , Tschöpe Carsten , Bertram Harald , Seidel Franziska 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDiese Leitlinie präsentiert die aktuellen Handlungsanweisungen zur
Diagnostik und Therapie der Myokardits im Kindesalter.
Besonderheiten in der Therapie des TTF-1-negativen Adenokarzinoms der Lunge
Authors: Frost Nikolaj , Reck Martin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Identifikation Biomarker-stratifizierter Behandlungen hat das Überleben eines relevanten Anteils an Patient*innen mit metastasiertem Lungenkrebs in den letzten Jahren teils erheblich verbessert. Hierzu zählen Treibermutationen und bei Treiber-negativen Tumoren die Expression des „programmed death ligand 1“ (PD-L1) hinsichtlich des Ansprechens auf eine Therapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren. Aufgrund der beim Lungenkarzinom bestehenden Korrelation zwischen PD-L1-Expression und Behandlungseffektivität kommt insbesondere bei geringer oder fehlender Expression der zusätzlich applizierten Chemotherapie eine wichtige Rolle zu. Derzeitig erhalten Patient*innen im Stadium IV mit einer PD-L1-Expression <50% auf den Tumorzellen eine Chemoimmuntherapie zur Erstlinienbehandlung. Hierzu stehen Pemetrexed- und Taxan-basierte Regime zur Auswahl. In retrospektiven Analysen zeigte sich bei für den thyroidalen Transkriptionsfaktor 1 (TTF-1)-negativen Patient*in ein im Vergleich zu Pemetrexed-basierter Therapie verbessertes Überleben bei Verwendung Taxan-haltiger Regime. Diese Beobachtung wird aktuell prospektiv randomisiert untersucht.
Chemical Diversification of Carbocyclic Fluorinated Pyrimidine Nucleosides: Introducing 2′-Arabino Analogues and Ring Unsaturation
Authors: Miller Gavin J. , Benckendorff Caecilie M. M. , Hawes Chris S. , Smith Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnalogues of the canonical nucleosides have a longstanding presence and proven capability within medicinal chemistry and drug-discovery research. Herein, we report chemical diversification of carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleosides containing CF2 and CHF in place of the furanose oxygen to introduce ring unsaturation and 2′-epimers. Utilizing gram-scale access to 6′-(R)-monofluoro- and 6′-gem-difluorouridine, we explore the provision of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy, and 1′,2′-didehydro-2′-deoxy analogues, alongside the first example of a 6′-(R)-fluoro arabino-carbauridine. Key stereochemistries and the presence of unsaturation are confirmed using X-ray crystallography and NMR, and an indicative conformational preference for a monofluoro 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy system is presented. This synthetic blueprint offers a potential to explore biological activity for these hitherto unavailable materials, including a direct comparison to established nucleoside analogue drugs.
Quantitative 2D 1H, 13C HSQC NMR Spectroscopy for the Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Content in Danaparoid Sodium
Authors: Gardini Cristina , Boccardi Giovanni , Guerrini Marco , Kellenbach Edwin , Lunenburg Maarten , van der Meer Jan-Ytzen , Naggi Annamaria , Urso Elena 
Published: April 2023

Objective Danaparoid sodium is a biopolymeric complex drug composed of the most abundant heparan sulfate (HS) followed in descending order by dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). This composite nature explains its peculiar antithrombotic and anticoagulant properties and make it particularly advantageous when the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia occurs. A specific control of the danaparoid composition is required by the Ph. Eur. The monograph includes the CS and DS limit contents and describes the method for their quantification through selective enzymatic degradations.
Materials and Methods In this study, a quantitative two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method is proposed as a new method suitable for CS and DS quantification. Statistical comparison of the results provided by the analysis of a series of danaparoid samples with both NMR and enzymatic methods highlights a small systematic difference, likely derived from lyase-resistant sequences bearing oxidized terminals. Some modified structures, whose survival to the enzymatic action was confirmed by mass spectrometry, can be detected and quantified by NMR.
Conclusion and Results The proposed NMR method can serve for the determination of DS and CS contents, is an easy-to-apply method with no dependence from enzymes and standards, and provides extensive structural information on the overall glycosaminoglycans mixture.
A rapidly spreading deleterious aphid endosymbiont that uses horizontal as well as vertical transmission
Authors: Gu Xinyue , Ross Perran A. , Gill Alex , Yang Qiong , Ansermin Eloïse , Sharma Sonia , Soleimannejad Safieh , Sharma Kanav , Callahan Ashley , Brown Courtney , Umina Paul A. , Kristensen Torsten N. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: April 2023

Endosymbiotic bacteria that live inside the cells of insects are typically only transmitted maternally and can spread by increasing host fitness and/or modifying reproduction in sexual hosts. Transinfections ofWolbachiaendosymbionts are now being used to introduce useful phenotypes into sexual host populations, but there has been limited progress on applications using other endosymbionts and in asexual populations. Here, we develop a unique pathway to application in aphids by transferring the endosymbiontRickettsiella viridisto the major crop pestMyzus persicae.Rickettsiellainfection greatly reduced aphid fecundity, decreased heat tolerance, and modified aphid body color, from light to dark green. Despite inducing host fitness costs,Rickettsiellaspread rapidly through caged aphid populations via plant-mediated horizontal transmission. The phenotypic effects ofRickettsiellawere sensitive to temperature, with spread only occurring at 19 °C and not 25 °C. Body color modification was also lost at high temperatures despiteRickettsiellamaintaining a high density.Rickettsiellashows the potential to spread through naturalM. persicaepopulations by horizontal transmission and subsequent vertical transmission. Establishment ofRickettsiellain natural populations could reduce crop damage by modifying population age structure, reducing population growth and providing context-dependent effects on host fitness. Our results highlight the importance of plant-mediated horizontal transmission and interactions with temperature as drivers of endosymbiont spread in asexual insect populations.
In diverse conditions, intrinsic chromatin condensates have liquid-like material properties
Authors: Gibson Bryan A. , Blaukopf Claudia , Lou Tracy , Chen Lifeng , Doolittle Lynda K. , Finkelstein Ilya , Narlikar Geeta J. , Gerlich Daniel W. , Rosen Michael K. 
Published: April 2023

Nuclear DNA in eukaryotes is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes on a chromatin fiber. Dynamic folding of the chromatin fiber into loops and variations in the degree of chromatin compaction regulate essential processes such as transcription, recombination, and mitotic chromosome segregation. Our understanding of the physical properties that allow chromatin to be dynamically remodeled even in highly compacted states is limited. Previously, we reported that chromatin has an intrinsic capacity to phase separate and form dynamic liquid-like condensates, which can be regulated by cellular factors [B. A. Gibsonet al.,Cell179, 470–484.e421 (2019)]. Recent contradictory reports claim that a specific set of solution conditions is required for fluidity in condensates that would otherwise be solid [J. C. Hansen, K. Maeshima, M. J. Hendzel,Epigenetics Chromatin14, 50 (2021); H. Strickfadenet al.,Cell183, 1772–1784.e1713 (2020)]. We sought to resolve these discrepancies, as our ability to translate with confidence these biophysical observations to cells requires their precise characterization. Moreover, whether chromatin assemblies are dynamic or static affects how processes such as transcription, loop extrusion, and remodeling will engage them inside cells. Here, we show in diverse conditions and without specific buffering components that chromatin fragments form phase separated fluids in vitro. We also explore how sample preparation and imaging affect the experimental observation of chromatin condensate dynamics. Last, we describe how liquid-like in vitro behaviors can translate to the locally dynamic but globally constrained chromatin movement observed in cells.
Evidence for an emergent anomalous metallic state in compressed titanium
Authors: Wang Kui , Liu Chang , Liu Guangtao , Yu Xiaohui , Zhou Mi , Wang Hongbo , Chen Changfeng , Ma Yanming 
Published: April 2023

The anomalous metallic state (AMS) emerging from a quantum superconductor-to-metal transition is a subject of great current interest since this exotic quantum state exhibits unconventional transport properties that challenge the core physics principles of Fermi liquid theory. As the AMS concept is historically derived from disordered two-dimensional (2D) systems, related studies have predominately concentrated on 2D materials. The AMS behaviors in three-dimensional (3D) systems have been rarely reported to date, which raises intriguing questions on the fundamental nature of pertinent physics. Here, we report experimental evidence for a 3D AMS in highly compressed titanium metal that exhibits superconductivity with a critical temperature (
T
c
) reaching near-record 25.1 K among elemental superconductors, offering a favorable material template for exploring 3D AMS. At sufficiently strong magnetic fields, unusual transport behaviors set in over a wide pressure range, showcasing AMS hallmarks of a low-temperature saturation resistance below the Drude value and giant positive magnetoresistance. These findings reveal a 3D AMS in simple elemental systems and, more importantly, provide a fresh platform for probing the decades-long enigmatic underlying physics.
SRC2 controls CD4
+
T cell activation via stimulating c-Myc-mediated upregulation of amino acid transporter
Slc7a5
Authors: Zhang Wencan , Cao Xu , Zhong Xiancai , Wu Hongmin , Shi Yun , Feng Mingye , Wang Yi-Chang , Ann David , Gwack Yousang , Yuan Yate-Ching , Shang Weirong , Sun Zuoming 
Published: April 2023

T cell activation stimulates substantially increased protein synthesis activity to accumulate sufficient biomass for cell proliferation. The protein synthesis is fueled by the amino acids transported from the environment. Steroid nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (SRC2) is a member of a family of transcription coactivators. Here, we show that SRC2 recruited by c-Myc enhances CD4
+
T cell activation to stimulate immune responses via upregulation of amino acid transporter Slc7a5. Mice deficient of SRC2 in T cells (

SRC2
fl/fl
/CD4
Cre

) are resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and susceptible to
Citrobacter rodentium
(
C. rodentium
) infection. Adoptive transfer of naive CD4
+
T cells from

SRC2
fl/fl
/CD4
Cre

mice fails to elicit EAE and colitis in

Rag1
/

recipients. Further, CD4
+
T cells from

SRC2
fl/fl
/CD4
Cre

mice display defective T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, SRC2 functions as a coactivator to work together with c-Myc to stimulate the expression of amino acid transporter Slc7a5 required for T cell activation. Slc7a5 fails to be up-regulated in CD4
+
T cells from

SRC2
fl/fl
/CD4
Cre

mice, and forced expression of
Slc7a5
rescues proliferation, cytokine production, and the ability of

SRC2
fl/fl
/CD4
Cre

CD4
+
T cells to induce EAE. Therefore, SRC2 is essential for CD4
+
T cell activation and, thus, a potential drug target for controlling CD4
+
T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
The cell envelope of
Thermotogae
suggests a mechanism for outer membrane biogenesis
Authors: Sexton Danielle L. , Hashimi Ameena , Beskrovnaya Polina , Sibanda Lloyd , Huan Tao , Tocheva Elitza I. 
Published: April 2023

The presence of a cell membrane is one of the major structural components defining life. Recent phylogenomic analyses have supported the hypothesis that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) was likely a diderm. Yet, the mechanisms that guided outer membrane (OM) biogenesis remain unknown. Thermotogae is an early-branching phylum with a unique OM, the toga. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to characterize the in situ cell envelope architecture of
Thermotoga maritima
and show that the toga is made of extended sheaths of β-barrel trimers supporting small (~200 nm) membrane patches. Lipidomic analyses identified the same major lipid species in the inner membrane (IM) and toga, including the rare to bacteria membrane-spanning ether-bound diabolic acids (DAs). Proteomic analyses revealed that the toga was composed of multiple SLH-domain containing Ompα and novel β-barrel proteins, and homology searches detected variable conservations of these proteins across the phylum. These results highlight that, in contrast to the SlpA/OmpM superfamily of proteins, Thermotoga possess a highly diverse bipartite OM-tethering system. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to other early-branching phyla and propose that a toga-like intermediate may have facilitated monoderm-to-diderm cell envelope transitions.
Heavy ion irradiation induced failure of gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors: effects of in-situ biasing
Authors: Rasel Md Abu Jafar , Schoell Ryan , Al-Mamun Nahid Sultan , Hattar Khalid , Harris C Thomas , Haque Aman , Wolfe Douglas E , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While radiation is known to degrade AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), the question remains on the extent of damage governed by the presence of an electrical field in the device. In this study, we induced displacement damage in HEMTs in both ON and OFF states by irradiating with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ion to fluence levels ranging from

1.72
×

10

10

to

3.745
×

10

13

ions cm−2, or 0.001–2 displacement per atom (dpa). Electrical measurement is done in situ, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), geometrical phase analysis (GPA), and micro-Raman are performed on the highest fluence of Au4+ irradiated devices. The selected heavy ion irradiation causes cascade damage in the passivation, AlGaN, and GaN layers and at all associated interfaces. After just 0.1 dpa, the current density in the ON-mode device deteriorates by two orders of magnitude, whereas the OFF-mode device totally ceases to operate. Moreover, six orders of magnitude increase in leakage current and loss of gate control over the 2-dimensional electron gas channel are observed. GPA and Raman analysis reveal strain relaxation after a 2 dpa damage level in devices. Significant defects and intermixing of atoms near AlGaN/GaN interfaces and GaN layer are found from HRTEM and EDX analyses, which can substantially alter device characteristics and result in complete failure.
Particle behavior and trap design for ±320 kV gas-insulated power transmission line (GIL)
Authors: Zhuang Weijian , Liang Zuodong , Liang Fangwei , Fan Xianhao , Luo Hanhua , Hu Jun , Li Chuanyang , Zhang Bo , He Jinliang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The movement of metal particles in the electric field of the DC gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) may cause local electric field distortion on the surface of the spacer, which seriously affects the operation stability of the GIL. In this paper, based on a ±320 kV GIL platform, the movement characteristics of metal particles (aluminum blocks, aluminum wires, aluminum balls) inside the GIL are studied. The suppression effect of particle activity for particle trapping and surface coating are experimentally studied in DC electric field. The relationship between particle trap porosity and particle suppression effect are discussed and verified with experiments. The research results show that under negative voltage, the minimum take-off voltage of metal particles in ±320 kV GIL is −190 kV, which is far lower than the steady-state operating voltage of GIL. Once the spherical and blocky particles take off, they will continue to reciprocate rapidly between the conductors. When the block particles are close to the spacer, they might be attracted and adsorbed on the surface of the spacer. Metal wires after taking off tend to show ‘firefly’ movement near the high-voltage conductor. The coating has a significant effect on increasing the take-off electric field of metal particles. It is verified that the traditional AC GIL particle trap is not effective in inhibiting particles in DC voltage. The suppression of the DC GIL particle is positively related to the porosity of the particle trap to a certain extent. The conclusions of this paper can be reference for the development of future stable and reliable DC gas-insulated equipment.
Effective electromechanical properties and energy harvesting response in PMN-0.3PT/PDMS flexible piezoelectric composites: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Mishra Neelam , Das Kaushik , Roy Amritendu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-0.3PT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible piezoelectric-polymer composites are designd and developd for efficient mechanical energy harvesting through a combined experimental-theoretical approach. A solid-state reaction method was employed to synthesize PMN-0.3PT piezo-ceramic, which was subsequently used for the fabrication of

v

r

-PMN-0.3PT/PDMS piezoelectric-polymer 0–3 composite with different volume fractions,

v

r

= 0.03, 0.25, and 0.50 of PMN-0.3PT reinforcement. Uniformly distributed PMN-0.3PT particles were found to retain their structural symmetry across the volume fractions and are well adhered to the PDMS matrix. The effective electromechanical properties of the composites were measured and compared with model predictions employing the finite element method and Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka-based micromechanical models. Considering that flexibility is a critical design parameter, we propose a new figure-of-merit term that would consider both electromechanical conversion as well as the mechanical flexibility of the material. We show that at

v

r

= 0.5, PMN-0.3PT/PDMS 0–3 composite yields an optimum combination of energy harvesting performance and flexibility. Our study further demonstrates that the orientation of the PMN-0.3PT particles does not significantly influence the effective elastic and dielectric properties at low and moderate PMN-PT content, attributed to the lower aspect ratio of the reinforcement particles. The piezoelectric charge coefficient showed small yet finite change with increasing reinforcement content. A maximum current density, 35 nA cm−2, and electric field, 90 V cm−1, was obtained with a cyclic compressive stress of 0.22 MPa (force, 50 N) at 5 Hz, in a piezoelectric generator, based on

v

r

= 0.5.
Role of SSW on thermal-gradient induced domain-wall dynamics
Authors: Akanda M A S , Islam M T , Wang X R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the thermal gradient (TG) induced domain wall (DW) dynamics in a uniaxial nanowire in the framework of the Stochastic-Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. TG drives the DW in a certain direction, and DW (linear and rotational) velocities increase with TG linearly, which can be explained by the magnonic angular momentum transfer to the DW. Interestingly, from Gilbert damping dependence of DW dynamics for fixed TG, we find that the DW velocity is significantly smaller even for lower damping, and DW velocity increases with damping (for a certain range of damping) and reaches a maximal value for critical damping which is contrary to our usual desire. This can be attributed to the formation of standing spin wave (SSW) modes (from the superposition of the spin waves and their reflection) together with travelling spin wave (TSW) modes. SSW does not carry any net energy/momentum to the DW, while TSW does. Damping α compels the spin current polarization to align with the local spin, which reduces the magnon propagation length and thus α hinders to generate SSWs, and contrarily the number of TSWs increases, which leads to the increment of DW speed with damping. For a similar reason, we observe that DW velocity increases with nanowire length and becomes saturated to maximal value for a certain length. Therefore, these findings may enhance the fundamental understanding as well as provide a way of utilizing the Joule heat in the spintronics (e.g. racetrack memory) devices.