bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nanocomposite of chitosan-vitamin C modulates the expression of immune and antioxidant-related genes in Nile tilapia stressed with lead (Pb)
Authors: Sherif Ahmed H. , Fadel Amr , Kasem Enas A. , Mahfouz Magdy E. , Eldessouki Elsayed A. , Fahmy Hanan A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fish cultivated in a polluted environment usually face complicated disease cases. Pollution is an evitable event in aquaculture that weakens surface immunity, delaying and lowering the immune responses of aquatic animals. In an indoor experiment, Nile tilapia were reared in water polluted with lead (Pb) at a concentration of 51 µg/l for 8 weeks. A trial was conducted to mitigate the immunosuppression using pre-acclimatized Nile tilapia that were subdivided into six groups in which the exposed fish treated with nanocomposite (chitosan-vitamin C-protected nanoparticles (CVC-NPs)) consisted of 1 g of chitosan nanoparticles containing 400 mg vitamin C/kg fish and 200 mg vitamin C/kg fish feed for 1 week. Fish exposed to Pb pollution were immunocompromised as gene expression of immune-related cytokine and antioxidant enzymes significantly declined. Innate immunity was drastically impacted as OBA, phagocytosis and serum antibacterial activity (SAA) showed low values compared to the control fish; meanwhile, exposed fish was challenged against Streptococcus agalactiae and showed a high mortality rate (MR%). Dietary nanocomposite could restore normal immune status, and supplemented fish achieved low MR% with significantly high gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. It was concluded that adding 200 mg of CVC-NPs/kg fish feed for 1 week could effectively protect Nile tilapia from S. agalactiae, having superiority over the high dose of 400 mg of CVC-NPs.
Redlisting genetics: towards inclusion of genetic data in IUCN Red List assessments
Authors: McLaughlin Chloee M. , Hinshaw Chauncy , Sandoval-Arango Stephania , Zavala-Paez Michelle , Hamilton Jill A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGenetic diversity is critical for adaptation in response to changing environments and provides a valuable metric for predicting species’ extinction risk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and broader scientific community have acknowledged that genetic diversity is a critical component to biodiversity conservation. However, there remain gaps in the incorporation or application of genetic data to extinction risk assessments. Here, we describe how genetic diversity metrics can inform species extinction risk. Specifically, we focus on how information gained from genetic diversity metrics, and temporal reporting of changes in genetic diversity can complement existing IUCN Red List of Threatened Species criteria. We conclude by advocating for standardized reporting of genetic sequence data and calculated diversity metrics to facilitate the use of genetic data in threat assessments for IUCN and Red List-assessed species. This perspective highlights a critical need for, and a critical step towards, integration of genetic diversity metrics into Red List assessments. We expect our recommendations will complement ongoing work by the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Conservation Genetics Specialist Group to protect genetic diversity globally.
How to Civilize Elites: Controlling “Foreign Scientists” at a Field Station in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Lindee M. Susan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the control of visiting “foreign scientists” at the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) after it was established in the Galápagos Islands in 1959. Scholarly accounts of the creation of the Galápagos National Park and of the field station have emphasized their place in an international “land grab,” as leading scientists and conservationists sought to control nature in places around the world that seemed less “civilized” to European thinkers. The actual administrative labor in the early years at this scientific field station, however, in practice struggled to control people widely taken to represent “civilization” in its highest form—European and American scientists. At the research station, European and American (but not Ecuadorian) scientists were the focus of a delicate choreography of discipline and acquiescence, as scientists were courted and refused, welcomed and limited, chastised and supported. Meanwhile CDRS fund-raising appeals promised that the station would control island residents, fishing crews, and invasive species. Such appeals did not mention controlling elite field scientists. Existing historiography has stressed how Western scientists were privileged actors in non-Western nature reserves and parks, their privileges coming at the expense of local communities. But scientists too faced new (quietly implemented) constraints as post-war conservation programs developed, and achieving their compliance with these new rules involved a process I call here “civilizing” elites.
Eigenvalues of the magnetic Dirichlet Laplacian with constant magnetic field on disks in the strong field limit
Authors: Baur Matthias , Weidl Timo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider the magnetic Dirichlet Laplacian with constant magnetic field on domains of finite measure. First, in the case of a disk, we prove that the eigenvalue branches with respect to the field strength behave asymptotically linear with an exponentially small remainder term as the field strength goes to infinity. We compute the asymptotic expression for this remainder term. Second, we show that for sufficiently large magnetic field strengths, the spectral bound corresponding to the Pólya conjecture for the non-magnetic Dirichlet Laplacian is violated up to a sharp excess factor which is independent of the domain.
Implementation of an AI-based predictive structural health monitoring strategy for bonded insulated rail joints using digital twins under varied bolt conditions
Authors: Bianchi G. , Freddi F. , Giuliani F. , La Placa A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPredictive maintenance is essential for the implementation of an innovative and efficient structural health monitoring strategy. Models capable of accurately interpreting new data automatically collected by suitably placed sensors to assess the state of the infrastructure represent a fundamental step, particularly for the railway sector, whose safe and continuous operation plays a strategic role in the well-being and development of nations. In this scenario, the benefits of a digital twin of a bonded insulated rail joint (IRJ) with the predictive capabilities of advanced classification algorithms based on artificial intelligence have been explored. The digital model provides an accurate mechanical response of the infrastructure as a pair of wheels passes over the joint. As bolt preload conditions vary, four structural health classes were identified for the joint. Two parameters, i.e. gap value and vertical displacement, which are strongly correlated with bolt preload, are used in different combinations to train and test five predictive classifiers. Their classification effectiveness was assessed using several performance indicators. Finally, we compared the IRJ condition predictions of two trained classifiers with the available data, confirming their high accuracy. The approach presented provides an interesting solution for future predictive tools in SHM especially in the case of complex systems such as railways where the vehicle–infrastructure interaction is complex and always time varying.
PRANK: A Singular Value Based Noise Filtering of Multiple Response Datasets for Experimental Dynamics
Authors: Trainotti F. , Klaassen S. W. B. , Bregar T. , Rixen D. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh quality measurements are paramount to a successful application of experimental techniques in structural dynamics. The presence of noise and disturbances can significantly distort the information stored in the data and, if not adequately treated, may result in erroneous findings and misleading predictions. A common technique to filter out noise relies on decomposing the dataset into singular components sorted by their degree of significance. Discarding low-value contributions helps to clean the data and remove spuriousness. This paper presents PRANK, a novel singular value-based reconstruction approach for multiple-response vibration datasets. PRANK integrates the effect of Principal Response Functions and Hankel filtering actions, resulting in an improved data reconstruction for both system poles and zeros. The proposed formulation is tested on both analytical and numerical examples, showcasing its robustness, efficiency and versatility. PRANK operates with both time- and frequency-based data. Applied to noisy full-field camera measurements, the filter delivered excellent performance, indicating its potential for various identification tasks and applications in vibration analysis.
Effects of plant-based diet on metabolic parameters, liver and kidney steatosis: a prospective interventional open-label study
Authors: Guler Senturk Begum , Gurses Bengi , Soyturk Ceren , Copur Sidar , Incir Said , Siriopol Dimitrie , Hasbal Nuri Baris , Akyildiz Murat , van Raalte Daniel H , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This interventional single-centre prospective open-label study aims to evaluate the effects of a vegan diet, compared with a vegetarian and omnivorous diet, on metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity, and liver and kidney steatosis in healthy adults. The study included fifty-three omnivorous participants aged 18–40 years, BMI 18–30 kg/m2, without any chronic disease, chronic medication use, active smoking or significant alcohol consumption. All participants were omnivorous at baseline and selected to continue an omnivorous diet or transition to a vegetarian or vegan diet, with follow-up over 6 months. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and liver and kidney steatosis were assessed at baseline and after six months using MRI-proton density fat fraction. Primary outcomes included changes in liver and kidney steatosis, while secondary outcomes were alterations in anthropometric and biochemical markers. Among fifty-three participants, eighteen followed an omnivorous diet, twenty-one adopted a vegetarian diet and fourteen transitioned to a vegan diet. Dietary interventions did not result in statistically significant changes in BMI, fat mass, fat percentage or muscle mass over 6 months. However, statistically significant improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, favouring the vegan diet, were observed. We aimed to control for potentially confounding variables to ensure the reliability of these findings. We have demonstrated a better decline in steatosis at the lower kidney pole, the total hilus and the Liver 6 index in vegans. We demonstrated that a plant-based diet is associated with improvements in several metabolic parameters and may reduce liver and kidney steatosis.
Winter warming of McMurdo Dry Valleys soils
Authors: Fowler Gavin , Levy Joseph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractContinuous permafrost is present across the McMurdo Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. While summer active-layer thaw is common in the low-elevation portions of the Dry Valleys, active layers have not significantly thickened over time. However, in some locations, coastal Antarctic permafrost has begun to warm. Here, based on soil and meteorological measurements from 1993 to 2023, we show that wintertime soil temperatures have increased across multiple sites in the Dry Valleys, at rates exceeding the pace of summer soil warming. Linear warming trends over time are significant (P < 0.05) at six of seven soil monitoring sites. Winter warming is strongly correlated with increased numbers of down-valley wind events (Foehn/katabatics), but it may also be driven by increased incident longwave radiation at some stations (although winter longwave increase is not significant over time). While down-valley wind events increase winter warming, when down-valley wind events are excluded from the record, winter soil warming remains persistent and significant, suggesting that Antarctic soils are experiencing less cold winters over time in response to regional warming. Together, these observations suggest that some Antarctic permafrost may be approaching a transition to discontinuous permafrost in some regions as winter freezing intensity is reduced over time.
Ebstein’s anomaly in children and young adults: clinical features, arrhythmia, surgical management, and factors affecting arrhythmia and mortality
Authors: Adıgüzel Aydın , Aypar Ebru , Karagöz Tevfik , Ertuğrul İlker , Aykan Hayrettin Hakan , Alehan Dursun , Güvener Murat , Yılmaz Mustafa , Demircin Metin , Doğan Rıza 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:Ebstein’s anomaly represents 40% of congenital tricuspid valve abnormalities. Studies about paediatric Ebstein’s anomaly patients are limited.Aim:To evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment (medical/arrhythmia ablation/surgical) results, and outcome of Ebstein’s anomaly patients, and to determine factors affecting arrhythmia presence and mortality.Methods:Clinical data, echocardiography, treatment results, and outcomes of patients followed in our centre between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated.Results:A total of 79 patients (61 children, median diagnosis age: 1.5 years [1 day–24 years]) were included. Eight patients (10.1%) were deceased during the study period. Common associated anomalies were atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale (56.9%), mitral regurgitation (25.3%), pulmonary stenosis/atresia (17.7%), and ventricular septal defect (16.5%). Genetic diseases/congenital anomalies were present in 5/3.8%. Tricuspid regurgitation was present in 75.9%, and severe in 50%. Arrhythmias were detected in 30.4%, and accessory pathway-mediated re-entrant tachycardia was the most common (67%). Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was present in 12.7%. Twenty-one ablation procedures (radiofrequency ablation [85.7%]/cryoablation [14.3%]) were performed in 16 patients (median age: 13.3 years [4.9–17]). Acute success/recurrence rates: 87.5/25%. Surgery was performed in 31.6% (median age: 6.5 years [4 days–29 years]), 7.6% were operated during the first month, and 12.6% during the first year. Second surgery was required in 28%. Perioperative mortality rate was 12%, and median mortality age was 25 days (1 day–17 years). Median follow-up period was 5.3 years (1 day–32 years). Older diagnosis age (p = 0.005) and mild-moderate mitral regurgitation (p = 0.036) were associated with arrhythmias. Younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.012), younger age at first surgery (p = 0.004), surgery before age three years (p = 0.037), and presence of pulmonary atresia (p = 0.000014) were associated with mortality. Gender, diagnosis age, congenital anomalies/genetic disorders, tricuspid regurgitation, arrhythmias, and surgery history did not have an independent effect on survival.Conclusions:In children and young adults presenting with Ebstein’s anomaly, younger age at presentation and at surgery, surgery before age three years, pulmonary atresia were associated with death. Ablation procedures can be successfully performed but recurrence rate is still high.
Psilocybin and hallucinogenic mushrooms
Authors: Fradet Mathieu , Kelly Carlton M. , Donnelly Anna J. , Suppes Trisha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPsilocybin therapy has recently emerged as a promising new treatment for depression and other mental health disorders. This chapter summarizes the most recent data on its safety and efficacy. The delivery of psilocybin therapy and its subjective effects are also presented. Furthermore, this chapter outlines our current understanding of psilocybin’s pharmacology and neurobiological effects. Other similar psychedelic substances with encouraging therapeutic potential are briefly presented.
Developing and using a School Menu Healthiness Assessment Tool to analyse school food provision in Wales
Authors: Gilmour Alice , Fairchild Ruth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
To design and develop a new, innovative and valid School Menu Healthiness Assessment Tool that is suitable for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of school food and drink provision. Second, to analyse primary and secondary school menus and price lists pan-Wales to ascertain their healthiness and whether free school meal (FSM) eligible pupils can afford to access healthy, nutritious food across the school day.

Design:
Codable items and categories of school food and drink provision were operationalised before the tool underwent iterative development and testing. Then, cross-sectional content analysis of publicly available documents detailing school food provision (i.e. menus and price lists) was done.

Setting:
Primary and secondary schools in Wales, UK.

Participants:
In total, 82 canteen menus were sourced online. This comprised local authority catering for primary (n 22) and secondary (n 19) schools and school-organised catering for primary (n 5) and secondary (n 36) schools.

Results:
Intercoder reliability testing found high agreeability between coders, demonstrating that the tool and data interpretation are reproducible and trustworthy. The FSM allowance is not wholly sufficient for all secondary school pupils to purchase a healthy meal from the school canteen. Moreover, the tool identified that oily fish and wholegrain provision were lacking across many menus.

Conclusions:
A valuable tool was created, useful for researchers and other health professionals (i.e. dietitians) who are required to analyse the healthiness of school food provision in line with the latest nutritional requirements. This study provides insight into the current school food and drink landscape pan-Wales.
Solving Decision Theory Problems with Probabilistic Answer Set Programming
Authors: AZZOLINI DAMIANO , BELLODI ELENA , KIESEL RAFAEL , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolving a decision theory problem usually involves finding the actions, among a set of possible ones, which optimize the expected reward, while possibly accounting for the uncertainty of the environment. In this paper, we introduce the possibility to encode decision theory problems with Probabilistic Answer Set Programming under the credal semantics via decision atoms and utility attributes. To solve the task, we propose an algorithm based on three layers of Algebraic Model Counting, that we test on several synthetic datasets against an algorithm that adopts answer set enumeration. Empirical results show that our algorithm can manage non-trivial instances of programs in a reasonable amount of time.
Mechanisms for Layered Anisotropy and Anomalous Magmatism of Alaska Subduction System Revealed by Ambient Noise Tomography and the Wave Gradiometry Method
Authors: Liu Zhijin , Liang Chuntao , Cao Feihuang , Fan Xingli , Chen Chunmei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeismic anisotropy can provide valuable constraints for the study of subduction zone dynamics. This study presents a high‐resolution 3‐D azimuthally anisotropic shear wave velocity model down to 230 km beneath Alaska via ambient noise tomography and wave gradiometry method. The model reveals layered anisotropy patterns related to subduction tectonics. The shear wave's fast directions in the Aleutian fore‐arc region exhibit trench‐parallel, trench‐normal, trench‐parallel, and trench‐normal variation relative to the trench trend with increasing depth. This anisotropic pattern may be attributed to the strike of fractures or faults in the overlying North American plate, subduction‐driven mantle wedge corner flow, preexisting fabrics in the subducting Pacific Plate, and entrained flow in the sub‐slab mantle, respectively. The depth‐dependent anisotropy pattern in the back‐arc mantle wedge reflects subduction‐induced corner flow, altered by the subducting slab's changing geometry. Moreover, the model provides new insights into the anomalous magmatism in the Alaskan subduction system. The 3‐D isosurface clearly shows the relatively high mantle wedge velocities beneath the Denali Volcanic Gap (DVG), suggesting a relatively dry and cold mantle wedge for the flat‐slab subduction of Yakutat slab. The absence of a magma source likely caused the DVG. The Wrangell Volcanic Field (WVF) is characterized by a similar depth‐dependent anisotropy pattern to the Aleutian‐Pacific subduction system, providing additional evidence for the presence of Wrangell Slab. The formation of WVF may be the result of combined effects of toroidal mantle upwelling around the edge of the Wrangell Slab and melting due to dehydration of the Wrangell Slab.
Do CMIP6 Models Capture Seasonal and Regional Differences in the Asymmetry of ENSO‐Precipitation Teleconnections?
Authors: Sengupta Aditya , King Andrew D. , Brown Josephine R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a prominent climate phenomenon affecting precipitation patterns across much of the world. Regional ENSO‐precipitation teleconnections are often asymmetric such that the precipitation response to El Niño is stronger or weaker than the response to La Niña. Better understanding of asymmetry in teleconnections can improve the predictability of climate extremes during ENSO events. In this study, we assess the capability of 50 state‐of‐the‐art climate models and a reanalysis against observational data in simulating seasonal differences in asymmetric response of precipitation to ENSO. The analysis is performed across 46 sub‐continental scale regions, using a precipitation composite technique for deriving the asymmetric component of precipitation response. Significant regional and seasonal diversity is found in the asymmetric response to ENSO, both in observations and models. Model performance in simulating the nature of teleconnections is higher than the performance in simulating the associated asymmetry. Model performance in capturing the regional diversity of asymmetry is highest in austral spring. The model biases in asymmetry are related to the inability of the models to accurately simulate the skewness of the heavy tailed local precipitation distributions and Niño3.4 SST distributions. In regions outside the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins, model bias in the skewness of local precipitation variability plays a larger role in model asymmetry bias. This analysis contributes to better understanding the fidelity of CMIP6 models in capturing asymmetry in teleconnections across different seasons and regions which are critical for making skillful projections of floods and droughts in a warming climate.
Accessing ultrastable glass via a bulk transformation
Authors: Bu Hengtong , Luan Hengwei , Kang Jingyi , Jia Jili , Guo Wenhui , Su Yunshuai , Ding Huaping , Chang Hsiang-Shun , Wang Ranbin , Wu You , Shi Lingxiang , Gong Pan , Zeng Qiaoshi , Shao Yang , Yao Kefu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs a medium to understand the nature of glass transition, ultrastable glasses have garnered increasing attention for their significance in fundamental science and technological applications. Most studies have produced ultrastable glasses through a surface-controlled process using physical vapor deposition. Here, we demonstrate an approach to accessing ultrastable glasses via the glass-to-glass transition, a bulk transformation that is inherently free from size constraints and anisotropy. The resulting ultrastable glass exhibits a significantly enhanced density (improved by 2.3%), along with high thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanical stability. Furthermore, we propose that this method of accessing ultrastable glasses is general for metallic glasses, based on the examination of the competitive relationship between the glass-to-glass transition and crystallization. This strategy is expected to facilitate the proliferation of the ultrastable glass family, helping to resolve the instability issues of glass materials and devices and deepen our understanding of glasses and the glass transition.