bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate
Authors: Hartinger Michael D. , Shi Xueling , Rodger Craig J. , Fujii Ikuko , Rigler E. Joshua , Kappler Karl , Matzka Jürgen , Love Jeffrey J. , Baker Joseph B. H. , Mac Manus Daniel H. , Dalzell Michael , Petersen Tanja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPast studies found that large‐amplitude geomagnetically induced current (GIC) related to magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves tend to be associated with periods >120 s at magnetic latitudes >60°, with comparatively (a) smaller GIC amplitudes at lower latitudes and shorter wave periods and (b) fewer reports of waves associated with GIC at lower latitudes. ULF wave periods generally decrease with decreasing latitude; thus, we examine whether these trends might be due, in part, to the undersampling of ULF wave fields in commonly available measurements with 60 s sampling intervals. We use geomagnetic field (B), geoelectric field (E), and GIC measurements with 0.5–10 s sampling intervals during the 29–31 October 2003 geomagnetic storm to show that waves with periods <∼120 s were present during times with the largest amplitude E and GIC variations. These waves contributed to roughly half the maximum E and GIC values, including during times with the maximum GIC values reported over a 14‐year monitoring interval in New Zealand. The undersampling of wave periods <120 s in 60 s measurements can preclude identification of the cause of the GIC during some time intervals. These results indicate (a) ULF waves with periods ≤120 s are an important contributor to large amplitude GIC variations, (b) the use of 0.1–1.0 Hz sampling rates reveals their contributions to B, E, and GIC, and (c) these waves' contributions are likely strongest at magnetic latitudes <60° where ULF waves often have periods <120 s.
El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Modulation of Springtime Diurnal Rainfall Over a Tropical Indian Ocean Island
Authors: Koralegedara Suranjith Bandara , Huang Wan‐Ru , Tung Po‐Han , Chiang Tzu‐Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the interannual variability of boreal springtime (March and April) diurnal rainfall (hereafter SDR) over the second biggest Island of the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka (SL), and expresses the possible effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in modulating this variability. The analysis is primarily based on high spatiotemporal resolution satellite precipitation estimates and reanalysis data from 2001 to 2019. Results indicate that the SDR in SL exhibited a consistent afternoon peak throughout the study period. In contrast, the SDR's amplitude consists of a notable 2 to 4‐year oscillation period, similar to the oscillation period of ENSO events. Further analysis revealed that the interannual variation of the SDR's amplitude in SL has a negative relationship with the springtime and previous winter sea surface temperature changes in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean covering NINO3.4 and NINO3 regions (referred to as ENSO indices). When there is a winter La Niña (El Niño), the following SDR in SL is more (less) active. A possible explanation is that during La Niña (El Niño) years, the region around SL experienced an enhanced (suppressed) cyclonic circulation, enhanced (suppressed) large‐scale moisture flux convergence, and enhanced (suppressed) local‐scale diurnal varying moisture flux convergence, leading to an increase (decrease) in the potential for rainfall and more (less) active SDR over SL. These findings highlight the potential to use ENSO indices to predict the interannual variation of SDR activities over SL.
Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources
Authors: Liu Yuzhe , Wu Di , Yi Jinrun , Chen Xiu , Shao Yuankai , Liu Anlin , Chen Jianmin , Li Qing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from anthropogenic sources are critical precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and potential contributors to health risks. However, quantitatively estimating the impact of these source‐derived VOCs on air quality and health is limited by their diverse chemical compositions, resulting in nonselective mass‐based VOC control strategies. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive study of typical VOC samples freshly emitted from various flue gases via field‐based measurements and chemical analysis under the same quality control. Our results showed that different source‐specific VOC profiles have unequal sensitivities to chemical reactivity on ozone and SOA formation potential, as well as potential health risks. Mobile sources and residential solid fuel burning were identified as the most sensitive sources of potential secondary pollutants and potential inhalation health risks, respectively. Despite accounting for only 22.7% of the total mass, residential VOCs contributed significantly to both inhalation non‐cancer risk (NCR) (57.4%) and cancer risk (CR) (47.3%). The large inequality between residential VOC emissions and their health risks highlights the necessity of continuously promoting the transition from mass‐based VOC control to effect‐oriented VOC control. This suggests that mobile sources is worth more attention for secondary pollutant formation, while residential solid fuel burning sources should receive more policy priority to reduce health risks.
Current SIDS research: time to resolve conflicting research hypotheses and collaborate
Authors: Goldwater Paul N. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
From the earliest publications on cot death or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) through to this day, clinical pathology and epidemiology have strongly featured infection as a constant association. Despite mounting evidence of the role of viruses and common toxigenic bacteria in the pathogenesis of SIDS, a growing school of thought featuring a paradigm based on the triple risk hypothesis that encompasses vulnerability through deranged homoeostatic control of arousal and/or cardiorespiratory function has become the mainstream view and now dominates SIDS research. The mainstream hypothesis rarely acknowledges the role of infection despite its notional potential role as a cofactor in the triple hit idea. Decades of mainstream research that has focussed on central nervous system homoeostatic mechanisms of arousal, cardiorespiratory control and abnormal neurotransmission has not been able to provide consistent answers to the SIDS enigma. This paper examines the disparity between these two schools of thought and calls for a collaborative approach.

Impact

The popular research hypothesis explaining sudden infant death syndrome features the triple risk hypothesis with central nervous system homoeostatic mechanisms controlling arousal and cardiorespiratory function. Intense investigation has not yielded convincing results. There is a necessity to consider other plausible hypotheses (e.g., common bacterial toxin hypothesis).

The review scrutinises the triple risk hypothesis and CNS control of cardiorespiratory function and arousal and reveals its flaws.

Infection-based hypotheses with their strong SIDS risk factor associations are reviewed in a new context.
Effects of a virtual voice-based coach delivering problem-solving treatment on emotional distress and brain function: a pilot RCT in depression and anxiety
Authors: Kannampallil Thomas , Ajilore Olusola A. , Lv Nan , Smyth Joshua M. , Wittels Nancy E. , Ronneberg Corina R. , Kumar Vikas , Xiao Lan , Dosala Susanth , Barve Amruta , Zhang Aifeng , Tan Kevin C. , Cao Kevin P. , Patel Charmi R. , Gerber Ben S. , Johnson Jillian A. , Kringle Emily A. , Ma Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConsumer-based voice assistants have the ability to deliver evidence-based treatment, but their therapeutic potential is largely unknown. In a pilot trial of a virtual voice-based coach, Lumen, delivering problem-solving treatment, adults with mild-to-moderate depression and/or anxiety were randomized to the Lumen intervention (n = 42) or waitlist control (n = 21). The main outcomes included changes in neural measures of emotional reactivity and cognitive control, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] symptom scores over 16 weeks. Participants were 37.8 years (SD = 12.4), 68% women, 25% Black, 24% Latino, and 11% Asian. Activation of the right dlPFC (neural region of interest in cognitive control) decreased in the intervention group but increased in the control group, with an effect size meeting the prespecified threshold for a meaningful effect (Cohen’s d = 0.3). Between-group differences in the change in activation of the left dlPFC and bilateral amygdala were observed, but were of smaller magnitude (d = 0.2). Change in right dlPFC activation was also meaningfully associated (r ≥ 0.4) with changes in self-reported problem-solving ability and avoidance in the intervention. Lumen intervention also led to decreased HADS depression, anxiety, and overall psychological distress scores, with medium effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.49, 0.51, and 0.55, respectively), compared with the waitlist control group. This pilot trial showed promising effects of a novel digital mental health intervention on cognitive control using neuroimaging and depression and anxiety symptoms, providing foundational evidence for a future confirmatory study.
Working and training through COVID-19 - completion of UK dental foundation training portfolios: a two-cohort study
Authors: Karia Shyam , Joseph Julian R. , Simms Melanie L. , Atkin Philip A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroduction In March 2020, a cohort of dental foundation trainees (DFTs) were affected by the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, in September 2020, a second cohort of DFTs began their training, with COVID-19 still affecting provision of primary dental care.Aims To study the effects of COVID-19 on these two cohorts by surveying Wales' dental core trainees (DCTs) who had been undertaking dental foundation training (DFTg) in 2019/20 and 2020/21.Materials and methods Following ethical approval, we conducted two online surveys for the 2019/20 and 2020/21 DFTs' cohorts. We compared and contrasted their reported completion of various DFTg curriculum components and any additional skills derived from redeployment.Results A response rate of 52% was achieved for both surveys. All participants successfully completed DFTg; although, some small differences were noted between the cohorts and their ability to fulfil all their portfolio requirements.Discussion Despite the effects of COVID-19, all DFTs were able to demonstrate completion of curriculum elements. The redeployment of three DFTs enhanced their learning. This was comparable to reports from other DFTs who were redeployed in the pandemic.Conclusions All DCTs surveyed from both cohorts successfully completed their DFTg portfolios. In some cases, additional skills were developed, which in the absence of the pandemic, may not have been the case.
PRMT2 promotes RCC tumorigenesis and metastasis via enhancing WNT5A transcriptional expression
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Chen Chaozhen , Yong Hongmei , Jiang Lei , Wang Pengfei , Meng Sen , Chu Sufang , Li Zhen , Guo Qingxiang , Zheng Junnian , Bai Jin , Li Hailong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) is involved in several biological processes via histone methylation and transcriptional regulation. Although PRMT2 has been reported to affect breast cancer and glioblastoma progression, its role in renal cell cancer (RCC) remains unclear. Here, we found that PRMT2 was upregulated in primary RCC and RCC cell lines. We demonstrated that PRMT2 overexpression promoted RCC cell proliferation and motility both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we revealed that PRMT2-mediated H3R8 asymmetric dimethylation (H3R8me2a) was enriched in the WNT5A promoter region and enhanced WNT5A transcriptional expression, leading to activation of Wnt signaling and malignant progression of RCC. Finally, we confirmed that high PRMT2 and WNT5A expression was strongly correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and poor overall survival in RCC patient tissues. Our findings indicate that PRMT2 and WNT5A may be promising predictive diagnostic biomarkers for RCC metastasis. Our study also suggests that PRMT2 is a novel therapeutic target in patients with RCC.
Vitamin D receptor attenuate ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury via inhibiting ATF4
Authors: Tang Shiqi , Wu Xueqin , Dai Qing , Li Zhi , Yang Shikun , Liu Yan , Yi Bin , Wang Jianwen , Liao Qin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActivating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is one of the key effectors of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), ATF4/CHOP pathway-mediated ERS plays an important role in the progression of acute kidney disease (AKI). We have previously reported that Vitamin D receptor (VDR) exert renoprotection in rodent AKI models. However, whether ATF4, as well as ERS, is involved in the protective effect of VDR in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced AKI is unknown. Herein, we showed that VDR agonist paricalcitol and VDR overexpression alleviated I/R-induced renal injury and cells apoptosis with decreased ATF4 and attenuated ERS, while VDR deletion significantly resulted in further increased ATF4, more drastic ERS and renal injury in I/R mice models. In addition, paricalcitol remarkably reduced Tunicamycin (TM) induced ATF4 and ERS with attenuated renal injury, while VDR deletion aggravated the above changes in TM mice models. Moreover, overexpression of ATF4 partially abolished the effect of paricalcitol against TM-induced ERS and apoptosis, while inhibition of ATF4 enhanced the protective effect of paricalcitol. Bioinformatics analysis indicated potential VDR binding sites on ATF4 promotor sequence which were further confirmed by ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. In conclusion, VDR attenuated I/R-induced AKI by suppressing ERS partly via transcriptional regulation of ATF4.
Tough and biodegradable polyurethane-silica hybrids with a rapid sol-gel transition for bone repair
Authors: Park Su Jeong , Im Seung Hyuk , Kim Donghak , Park DoYeun , Jung Youngmee , Han Hyung-seop , Kim Soo Hyun , Chung Justin J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInorganic–organic hybrid materials have promising properties for bone repair because of the covalent bonding between their inorganic and organic phases. This desirable interaction allows the limitations of composite materials, such as inhomogeneous biodegradation rates and nonbiointeractive surfaces, to be overcome. In this study, a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polyurethane (PU) with an organosilane functional group was synthesized for the first time. Thereafter, a biodegradable PU-silica hybrid was produced through the sol-gel process. The PU-silica hybrid was not only flexible and fully biodegradable but also possessed shape memory ability. In addition, allophanate bonding enabled the silane coupling agent to induce increased crosslinking between the polymer and silica network, as well as between polymer and polymer. Accordingly, the sol-to-gel gelation time required to produce the hybrids was very short, which allowed the production of 3D porous hybrid scaffolds through a simple salt-leaching process. A hybrid scaffold with a 30 wt. % silica composition was the most ideal bone regenerative scaffold since it was able to withstand thermal deformation with promising mechanical properties. Moreover, the hybrid scaffold induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis to accelerate bone regeneration.
Chemically and electronically active metal ions on InAs quantum dots for infrared detectors
Authors: Kim Seongchan , Yeon Sooyeon , Lee Minwoo , Jin Junyoung , Shin Seungki , Gwak Namyoung , Jeong Inyoung , Jang Hyunwoo , Hwang Gyu Weon , Oh Nuri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractColloidal InAs quantum dots (QDs) are emerging candidates for NIR-SWIR optoelectronic applications because of their excellent electrical and optical properties. However, the syntheses of InAs QDs, which demand strongly reducing atmospheres or highly reactive precursors, are difficult because of their highly covalent bonding and lack of Group 15 precursors. While the coreduction method with commercially available arsenic precursors enables facile syntheses of InAs QDs, it results in broad size distributions requiring subsequent size-selection processes. In this study, we introduced zinc ions in the form of coordination complexes during coreduction of the indium and arsenic precursors. The Zn ions chemically passivated the surfaces of the InAs QDs, narrowed the size distribution and removed surface defects. When the InAs QDs were integrated into infrared photodiodes as IR absorbers, the surface-attached Zn ions electrically modulated the energy level and carrier concentration. Infrared photodiodes with the InAs:Zn QD layers exhibited dark currents and photoresponses that were two orders of magnitude lower and approximately twice as fast, respectively, as those seen for bare InAs QDs.
Ligand dependent interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ mitigates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice
Authors: Druzak Samuel A. , Tardelli Matteo , Mays Suzanne G. , El Bejjani Mireille , Mo Xulie , Maner-Smith Kristal M. , Bowen Thomas , Cato Michael L. , Tillman Matthew C. , Sugiyama Akiko , Xie Yang , Fu Haian , Cohen David E. , Ortlund Eric A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is a soluble lipid-binding protein that transports phosphatidylcholine (PC) between cellular membranes. To better understand the protective metabolic effects associated with hepatic PC-TP, we generated a hepatocyte-specific PC-TP knockdown (L-Pctp−/−) in male mice, which gains less weight and accumulates less liver fat compared to wild-type mice when challenged with a high-fat diet. Hepatic deletion of PC-TP also reduced adipose tissue mass and decreases levels of triglycerides and phospholipids in skeletal muscle, liver and plasma. Gene expression analysis suggest that the observed metabolic changes are related to transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferative activating receptor (PPAR) family members. An in-cell protein complementation screen between lipid transfer proteins and PPARs uncovered a direct interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ that was not observed for other PPARs. We confirmed the PC-TP– PPARδ interaction in Huh7 hepatocytes, where it was found to repress PPARδ-mediated transactivation. Mutations of PC-TP residues implicated in PC binding and transfer reduce the PC-TP-PPARδ interaction and relieve PC-TP-mediated PPARδ repression. Reduction of exogenously supplied methionine and choline reduces the interaction while serum starvation enhances the interaction in cultured hepatocytes. Together our data points to a ligand sensitive PC-TP– PPARδ interaction that suppresses PPAR activity.
Quantum dynamical effects of vibrational strong coupling in chemical reactivity
Authors: Lindoy Lachlan P. , Mandal Arkajit , Reichman David R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent experiments suggest that ground state chemical reactivity can be modified when placing molecular systems inside infrared cavities where molecular vibrations are strongly coupled to electromagnetic radiation. This phenomenon lacks a firm theoretical explanation. Here, we employ an exact quantum dynamics approach to investigate a model of cavity-modified chemical reactions in the condensed phase. The model contains the coupling of the reaction coordinate to a generic solvent, cavity coupling to either the reaction coordinate or a non-reactive mode, and the coupling of the cavity to lossy modes. Thus, many of the most important features needed for realistic modeling of the cavity modification of chemical reactions are included. We find that when a molecule is coupled to an optical cavity it is essential to treat the problem quantum mechanically to obtain a quantitative account of alterations to reactivity. We find sizable and sharp changes in the rate constant that are associated with quantum mechanical state splittings and resonances. The features that emerge from our simulations are closer to those observed in experiments than are previous calculations, even for realistically small values of coupling and cavity loss. This work highlights the importance of a fully quantum treatment of vibrational polariton chemistry.
Cdc14 phosphatase counteracts Cdk-dependent Dna2 phosphorylation to inhibit resection during recombinational DNA repair
Authors: Campos Adrián , Ramos Facundo , Iglesias Lydia , Delgado Celia , Merino Eva , Esperilla-Muñoz Antonio , Correa-Bordes Jaime , Clemente-Blanco Andrés 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) stimulates resection of DNA double-strand breaks ends to generate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) needed for recombinational DNA repair. Here we show inSaccharomyces cerevisiaethat lack of the Cdk-counteracting phosphatase Cdc14 produces abnormally extended resected tracts at the DNA break ends, involving the phosphatase in the inhibition of resection. Over-resection in the absence of Cdc14 activity is bypassed when the exonuclease Dna2 is inactivated or when its Cdk consensus sites are mutated, indicating that the phosphatase restrains resection by acting through this nuclease. Accordingly, mitotically activated Cdc14 promotes Dna2 dephosphorylation to exclude it from the DNA lesion. Cdc14-dependent resection inhibition is essential to sustain DNA re-synthesis, thus ensuring the appropriate length, frequency, and distribution of the gene conversion tracts. These results establish a role for Cdc14 in controlling the extent of resection through Dna2 regulation and demonstrate that the accumulation of excessively long ssDNA affects the accurate repair of the broken DNA by homologous recombination.
Gapless superconductivity in Nb thin films probed by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Choi Joonyoung , Jung Taek Sun , Kim Jong Hyuk , Choi Young Jai , Sim Kyung Ik , Jo Younjung , Kim Jae Hoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTime reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking often generates exotic quantum phases in condensed matter. In superconductors, TRS breaking by an external magnetic field not only suppresses superconductivity but also leads to a novel quantum state called the gapless superconducting state. Here we show that magneto-terahertz spectroscopy provides us with a rare opportunity to access and explore the gapless superconducting state of Nb thin films. We present the complete functional form of the superconducting order parameter for an arbitrary magnetic field, for which a fully self-consistent theory is, surprisingly, yet unavailable. We observe a Lifshitz topological phase transition with a vanishing quasiparticle gap everywhere on the Fermi surface, whereas the superconducting order parameter smoothly crosses over from the gapped to the gapless regime. Our observation of the magnetic pair-breaking effects in Nb challenges traditional perturbative theories and opens a pathway to further exploring and manipulating the exotic state of gapless superconductivity.