bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of maternal exposure to Superstorm Sandy and maternal cannabis use with development of psychopathology among offspring: the Stress in Pregnancy Study
Authors: Nomura Yoko , Ham Jacob , Pehme Patricia M. , Wong Waiman , Pritchett Lexi , Rabinowitz Sima , Foldi Nancy S. , Hinton Veronica J. , Wickramaratne Priya J. , Hurd Yasmin L. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEarly-life adverse experiences can elevate the magnitude of the risk of developmental psychopathology, but the potential synergistic effects of multiple factors have not been well studied.AimsTo determine whether prenatal exposures to maternal stress (Superstorm Sandy) and maternal cannabis use synergistically alter the risk of developmental psychopathology.MethodThe study included 163 children (53.4% girls), longitudinally tracked (ages 2–5 years) in relation to the effects of two early-life adverse exposures (Superstorm Sandy and maternal cannabis use). Offspring were grouped by exposure status (neither, only maternal cannabis use, only Superstorm Sandy or both). DSM-IV disorders for offspring were derived from structured clinical interviews; caregiver-reported ratings of family stress and social support were also assessed.ResultsA total of 40.5% had been exposed to Superstorm Sandy and 24.5% to maternal cannabis use. Offspring exposed to both (n= 13, 8.0%), relative to those exposed to neither, had a 31-fold increased risk of disruptive behavioural disorders (DBDs) and a seven-fold increased risk of anxiety disorders. The synergy index demonstrated that offspring with two exposures had synergistic elevation in risk of DBDs (synergy index, 2.06,P= 0.03) and anxiety disorders (synergy index, 2.60,P= 0.004), compared with the sum of single risks. Offspring with two exposures had the highest parenting stress and lowest social support.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the double-hit model suggesting that offspring with multiple early-life adverse exposures (Superstorm Sandy and maternal cannabis use) have synergistically increased risks of mental health problems. Given the increasing frequency of major natural disasters and cannabis use, especially among women under stress, these findings have significant public health implications.
A multivariate approach to investigate the associations of electrophysiological indices with schizophrenia clinical and functional outcome
Authors: Giuliani Luigi , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Giordano Giulia Maria , Koenig Thomas , Mucci Armida , Perrottelli Andrea , Reuf Anne , Altamura Mario , Bellomo Antonello , Brugnoli Roberto , Corrivetti Giulio , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Girardi Paolo , Monteleone Palmiero , Niolu Cinzia , Galderisi Silvana , Maj Mario ,   Italian Network for Research on Psychoses
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Different electrophysiological (EEG) indices have been investigated as possible biomarkers of schizophrenia. However, these indices have a very limited use in clinical practice, as their associations with clinical and functional outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of multiple EEG markers with clinical variables and functional outcomes in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZs).

Methods
Resting-state EEGs (frequency bands and microstates) and auditory event-related potentials (MMN-P3a and N100-P3b) were recorded in 113 SCZs and 57 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline. Illness- and functioning-related variables were assessed both at baseline and at 4-year follow-up in 61 SCZs. We generated a machine-learning classifier for each EEG parameter (frequency bands, microstates, N100-P300 task, and MMN-P3a task) to identify potential markers discriminating SCZs from HCs, and a global classifier. Associations of the classifiers’ decision scores with illness- and functioning-related variables at baseline and follow-up were then investigated.

Results
The global classifier discriminated SCZs from HCs with an accuracy of 75.4% and its decision scores significantly correlated with negative symptoms, depression, neurocognition, and real-life functioning at 4-year follow-up.

Conclusions
These results suggest that a combination of multiple EEG alterations is associated with poor functional outcomes and its clinical and cognitive determinants in SCZs. These findings need replication, possibly looking at different illness stages in order to implement EEG as a possible tool for the prediction of poor functional outcome.
A Remote Symptom Monitoring Tool As Part of Ambulatory Cancer Surgery Recovery: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Experience
Authors: McCready Taylor M. , Stabile Cara , Vickers Andrew , Ancker Jessica S. , Pusic Andrea , Temple Larissa K.F. , Simon Brett A. , Carter Jeanne 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Patients recovering from ambulatory cancer surgery at home may find it difficult to determine whether their postoperative symptoms are normal or potentially serious. We developed the Recovery Tracker to help patients navigate such issues. The Recovery Tracker is a 10-day, web-based electronic survey that monitors symptoms daily and provides feedback as to whether reported symptoms are expected or require follow-up. We sought to examine patient perceptions using this tool. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted from August 2017 to September 2019 with a convenience sample of patients from a larger randomized controlled trial of the Recovery Tracker. Patients undergoing surgery at an ambulatory cancer center dedicated to the surgical treatment of breast, gynecologic, urologic, head, and neck cancers and benign tumors were included. Thematic analysis was applied to derive key themes and codes via NVivo qualitative analysis software. Recruitment was conducted iteratively until thematic saturation. RESULTS Forty-three patients were interviewed. Interview responses were organized into five main themes: (1) The Recovery Tracker led to more seamless communication with the care team; (2) symptoms not expected or not listed on the Recovery Tracker caused stress; (3) the Recovery Tracker was perceived as an extension of care, prompting reflection about symptoms and recovery; (4) Enhanced Feedback provided reassurance and helped set expectations; and (5) the Recovery Tracker was easy to use. CONCLUSION The patient experience of electronic symptom monitoring and feedback is congruent with the aims of such monitoring and feedback. Further qualitative research is required in more diverse populations.
Monogamy relations of entropic non-contextual inequalities and their experimental demonstration
Authors: Singh Dileep , Singh Jaskaran , Dorai Kavita , Arvind  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We analyze monogamous relationships of abritrary entropic non-contextuality (ENC) inequalities via a graph theoretic approach. While ENC inequalities are important in quantum information theory, a theoretical and experimental understanding of their monogamous nature is still elusive. We analyze conditions for ENC inequalities to exhibit a monogamous relationship and derive the same explicitly for an entropic version of the Bell-CHSH scenario. Next, we consider two different sets of three qubit states and experimentally show that they exhibit monogamy of entropic Bell-CHSH inequality. The monogamous relationship of these inequalities is theoretically exhibited via an insightful proof and is experimentally demonstrated on an NMR quantum information processor. We also develop a novel and easy-to-implement experimental method to evaluate entropies on an NMR quantum information processor using only the information about expectation values of the observables.
Photorealistic 3-Dimensional Models of the Anatomy and Neurosurgical Approaches to the V2, V3, and V4 Segments of the Vertebral Artery
Authors: Spiriev Toma , Nakov Vladimir , Cornelius Jan F. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
The vertebral artery (VA) has a tortuous course subdivided into 4 segments (V1-V4). For neurosurgeons, a thorough knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy at different segments is a prerequisite for safe surgery. New technologies allowing creation of photorealistic 3D models may enhance the anatomic understanding of this complex region.

OBJECTIVE:
To create photorealistic 3D models illustrating the anatomy and surgical steps needed for safe neurosurgical exposure of the VA.

METHODS:
We dissected 2 latex injected cadaver heads. Anatomic layered dissections were performed on the first specimen. On the second specimen, the two classical approaches to the VA (far lateral and anterolateral) were realized. Every step of dissection was scanned using photogrammetry technology that allowed processing of 3D data from 2-dimensional photographs by a simplified algorithm mainly based on a dedicated mobile phone application and open-source 3D modeling software. For selected microscopic 3D anatomy, we used an operating microscope to generate 3D models.

RESULTS:
Classic anatomic (n=17) and microsurgical (n=12) 3D photorealistic models based on cadaver dissections were created. The models allow observation of the spatial relations of each anatomic structure of interest and have an immersive view of the approaches to the V2-V4 segments of the VA. Once generated, these models may easily be shared on any digital device or web-based platforms for 3D visualization.

CONCLUSIONS:
Photorealistic 3D scanning technology is a promising tool to present complex anatomy in a more comprehensive way. These 3D models can be used for education, training, and potentially preoperative planning.
Esrrγa regulates nephron and ciliary development by controlling prostaglandin synthesis
Authors: Wesselman Hannah M. , Flores-Mireles Ana L. , Bauer Aidan , Pei Liming , Wingert Rebecca A. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Cilia are essential for the ontogeny and function of many tissues, including the kidney. Here, we report that transcription factor ERRγ ortholog estrogen related receptor gamma a (Esrrγa) is essential for renal cell fate choice and ciliogenesis in zebrafish. esrrγa deficiency altered proximodistal nephron patterning, decreased the multiciliated cell populace and disrupted ciliogenesis in the nephron, Kupffer's vesicle and otic vesicle. These phenotypes were consistent with interruptions in prostaglandin signaling, and we found that ciliogenesis was rescued by PGE2 or the cyclooxygenase enzyme Ptgs1. Genetic interaction revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a), which acts upstream of Ptgs1-mediated prostaglandin synthesis, has a synergistic relationship with Esrrγa in the ciliogenic pathway. These ciliopathic phenotypes were also observed in mice lacking renal epithelial cell (REC) ERRγ, where significantly shorter cilia formed on proximal and distal tubule cells. Decreased cilia length preceded cyst formation in REC-ERRγ knockout mice, suggesting that ciliary changes occur early during pathogenesis. These data position Esrrγa as a novel link between ciliogenesis and nephrogenesis through regulation of prostaglandin signaling and cooperation with Ppargc1a.
Proximity labelling identifies pro-migratory endocytic recycling cargo and machinery of the Rab4 and Rab11 families
Authors: Wilson Beverley , Flett Chloe , Gemperle Jakub , Lawless Craig , Hartshorn Matthew , Hinde Eleanor , Harrison Tess , Chastney Megan , Taylor Sarah , Allen Jennifer , Norman Jim C. , Zacharchenko Thomas , Caswell Patrick T. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Endocytic recycling controls the return of internalised cargoes to the plasma membrane to coordinate their positioning, availability and downstream signalling. The Rab4 and Rab11 small GTPase families regulate distinct recycling routes, broadly classified as fast recycling from early endosomes (Rab4) and slow recycling from perinuclear recycling endosomes (Rab11), and both routes handle a broad range of overlapping cargoes to regulate cell behaviour. We adopted a proximity labelling approach, BioID, to identify and compare the protein complexes recruited by Rab4a, Rab11a and Rab25 (a Rab11 family member implicated in cancer aggressiveness), revealing statistically robust protein–protein interaction networks of both new and well-characterised cargoes and trafficking machinery in migratory cancer cells. Gene ontological analysis of these interconnected networks revealed that these endocytic recycling pathways are intrinsically connected to cell motility and cell adhesion. Using a knock-sideways relocalisation approach, we were further able to confirm novel links between Rab11, Rab25 and the ESCPE-1 and retromer multiprotein sorting complexes, and identify new endocytic recycling machinery associated with Rab4, Rab11 and Rab25 that regulates cancer cell migration in the 3D matrix.
Suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) as an intraoperative wound irrigation to prevent infection after fracture fixation
Authors: Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Dradjat Respati S. , Mustamsir Edi , Nurhidayati Dwi Yuni , Santosaningsih Dewi , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Hidayat Mohamad 
Published: May 2023

Background: Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) associated with an implant in orthopaedic surgery is a feared complication, leading to non-union, loss of function, amputation, and even mortality and morbidity to the patient. A biofilm formation on the implant surface increases the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, surgical infection prevention with an effective antiseptic solution is required. This study aims to reveal more about the antibacterial effect of ZnO-NP suspension, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm, in preventing surgical infection. Method: An in vitro experimental study with a posttest-only control group design was used to see the antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation between a 20% zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) suspension (20 mg/mL) compared to 0.3% povidone-iodine solution. The statistical result was tested using an independent t-test antibacterial activity. Meanwhile biofilm identification was evaluated using Mann-Whitney & Kruskal Wallis test for each group. Result: 20% ZnO-NP suspension has a minimum inhibitory concentration at 4 g/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration at 16 g/mL, same as 0.3% povidone-iodine administration and its statistically significant (p-value 0.001). Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration was seen at a concentration of 20% ZnO-NP suspension of 2 μg, while at higher doses, it showed lysis of bacterial cells. Conclusion: 20% ZnO-NP suspension is a promising solution for preventing surgical infection due to its antibacterial and antibiofilm effects.
Electro-optic transduction in silicon via gigahertz-frequency nanomechanics
Authors: Zhao Han , Bozkurt Alkim , Mirhosseini Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

Interfacing electronics with optical fiber networks is key to the
long-distance transfer of classical and quantum information.
Piezo-optomechanical transducers enable such interfaces by using
gigahertz-frequency acoustic vibrations as mediators for converting
microwave photons to optical photons via the combination of
optomechanical and piezoelectric interactions. However, despite
successful demonstrations, efficient quantum transduction remains out
of reach due to the challenges associated with hybrid material
integration and increased loss from piezoelectric materials when
operating in the quantum regime. Here, we demonstrate an alternative
approach in which we actuate 5-GHz phonons in a conventional
silicon-on-insulator platform. In our experiment, microwave photons
resonantly drive a phononic crystal oscillator via the electrostatic
force realized in a charge-biased narrow-gap capacitor. The mechanical
vibrations are subsequently transferred via a phonon waveguide to an
optomechanical cavity, where they transform into optical photons in
the sideband of a pump laser field. Operating at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure, we measure a microwave-to-optical photon
conversion efficiency of 1.72±0.14×10−7 in a 3.3 MHz bandwidth. Our
results mark a stepping stone towards quantum transduction with
integrated devices made from crystalline silicon, which promise
efficient high-bandwidth operation and integration with
superconducting qubits. Additionally, the lack of need for
piezoelectricity or other intrinsic nonlinearities makes our approach
applicable to a wide range of materials for potential applications
beyond quantum technologies.
Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in Maridi, South Sudan: Modelling and exploring the impact of control measures against river blindness
Authors: Bhattacharyya Samit , Vinkeles Melchers Natalie V. S. , Siewe Fodjo Joseph N. , Vutha Amit , Coffeng Luc E. , Logora Makoy Y. , Colebunders Robert , Stolk Wilma A. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundOnchocerciasis, also known as “river blindness”, is caused by the bite of infected female blackflies (genusSimuliidae) that transmit the parasiteOnchocerca volvulus. A high onchocerciasis microfarial load increases the risk to develop epilepsy in children between the ages of 3 and 18 years. In resource-limited settings in Africa where onchocerciasis has been poorly controlled, high numbers of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) are reported. We use mathematical modeling to predict the impact of onchocerciasis control strategies on the incidence and prevalence of OAE.MethodologyWe developed an OAE model within the well-established mathematical modelling framework ONCHOSIM. Using Latin-Hypercube Sampling (LHS), and grid search technique, we quantified transmission and disease parameters using OAE data from Maridi County, an onchocerciasis endemic area, in southern Republic of South Sudan. Using ONCHOSIM, we predicted the impact of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) and vector control on the epidemiology of OAE in Maridi.Principal findingsThe model estimated an OAE prevalence of 4.1% in Maridi County, close to the 3.7% OAE prevalence reported in field studies. The OAE incidence is expected to rapidly decrease by >50% within the first five years of implementing annual MDA with good coverage (≥70%). With vector control at a high efficacy level (around 80% reduction of blackfly biting rates) as the sole strategy, the reduction is slower, requiring about 10 years to halve the OAE incidence. Increasing the efficacy levels of vector control, and implementing vector control simultaneously with MDA, yielded better results in preventing new cases of OAE.Conclusions/SignificancesOur modeling study demonstrates that intensifying onchocerciasis eradication efforts could substantially reduce OAE incidence and prevalence in endemic foci. Our model may be useful for optimizing OAE control strategies.
Trends and factors associated with initiation of HIV treatment among PLHIV in Jamaica, 2015–2019
Authors: Cushnie Anya , Reintjes Ralf , Figueroa J. Peter , Artama Miia 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Jamaica did not achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in 2020. This study aimed to examine trends and factors associated with uptake of HIV treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jamaica and to assess the effectiveness of revised treatment guidelines.

Methods
This secondary analysis used patient-level data from the National Treatment Service Information System. The baseline sample was 8147 PLHIV initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) between January 2015-December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical variables and the primary outcome timing of ART initiation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ART initiation (same day vs 31+ days), using categorical variables for age group, sex and regional health authority. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported.

Results
Most persons initiated ART at 31+ days (n = 3666, 45%) after the first clinic date or on the same day (n = 3461, 43%). Same day ART initiation increased from 37% to 51% over 5 years and was significantly associated with males (aOR = 0.82, CI = 0.74–0.92), 2018 (aOR = 0.66, CI = 0.56–0.77), 2019 (aOR = 0.77, CI = 0.65–0.92). late HIV diagnosis (aOR = 0.3, CI = 0.27–0.33) and viral suppression at the first viral load test (aOR = 0.6, CI = 0.53–0.67). ART initiation at 31+days was associated with 2015 (aOR = 1.21, CI = 1.01–1.45) and 2016 (aOR = 1.30, CI = 1.10–1.53) compared to 2017.

Conclusion
Our study shows that same day ART initiation increased between 2015–2019, however it remains too low. Same day initiation was associated with the years after Treat All implementation and late initiation before Treat All, providing evidence of the strategy’s success. In order to achieve the UNAIDS targets, there is a need to also increase the number of diagnosed PLHIV retained on treatment in Jamaica. Further studies should be conducted to understand important challenges to accessing treatment as well as differentiated care models to improve treatment uptake and retention.
Bacterial etiology of urinary tract infections in patients treated at Kenyan health facilities and their resistance towards commonly used antibiotics
Authors: Kiiru Susan , Maina John , Katana Japhet , Mwaniki John , Asiimwe Benon B. , Mshana Stephen E. , Keenan Katherine , Gillespie Stephen H. , Stelling John , Holden Matthew T. G. ,   HATUA Consortium, Kiiru John 
Published: May 2023

Background
Evidence-based empirical antibiotic prescribing requires knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance patterns. The spectrum of pathogens and their susceptibility strongly influences guidelines for empirical therapies for urinary tract infections (UTI) management.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTI causative bacteria and their corresponding antibiotic resistance profiles in three counties of Kenya. Such data could be used to determine the optimal empirical therapy.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, urine samples were collected from patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of UTI in the following healthcare facilities; Kenyatta National Hospital, Kiambu Hospital, Mbagathi, Makueni, Nanyuki, Centre for Microbiology Research, and Mukuru Health Centres. Urine cultures were done on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) to isolate UTI bacterial etiologies, while antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion using CLSI guidelines and interpretive criteria.

Results
A total of 1,027(54%) uropathogens were isolated from the urine samples of 1898 participants. Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli were the main uropathogens at 37.6% and 30.9%, respectively. The percentage resistance to commonly used drugs for the treatment of UTI were as follows: trimethoprim (64%), sulfamethoxazole (57%), nalidixic acid(57%), ciprofloxacin (27%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (5%), and nitrofurantoin (9%) and cefixime (9%). Resistance rates to broad-spectrum antimicrobials, such as ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ceftriaxone, were 15%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 66%.

Conclusion
High resistance rates toward fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were reported. These antibiotics are commonly used drugs as they are inexpensive and readily available. Based on these findings, more robust standardised surveillance is needed to confirm the patterns observed while recognising the potential impact of sampling biases on observed resistance rates.