bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roadmap for embedding health equity research into learning health systems
Authors: Schoenthaler Antoinette , Francois Fritz , Cho Ilseung , Ogedegbe Gbenga 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAchieving health equity is vital to fulfil the quadruple aim for optimal healthcare system performance. Traditionally, academic medicine and healthcare systems have focused their efforts on addressing health inequities with an emphasis on improving workforce diversity. Although this approach isan important requisite, a diverse workforce alone is not sufficient; rather holistic health equity should be established as the anchoring principal mission of all academic medical centres, residing at the intersection of clinical care, education, research and community.MethodsNYU Langone Health (NYULH) has embarked on significant institutional changes to position itself as an equity-focused learning health system. One-way NYULH accomplishes this is through the establishment of ahealth equity research roadmap, which serves as the organising framework through which we conduct embedded pragmatic research in our healthcare delivery system to target and eliminate health inequities across our tripartite mission of patient care, medical education and research.ResultsThis article outlines each of the six elements of the NYULHroadmap. These elements include: (1) developing processes for collecting accurate disaggregate data on race, ethnicity and language, sexual orientation and gender identity and disability; (2) using a data-driven approach to identify health equity gaps; (3) creating performance and metric-based quality improvement goals to measure progress toward elimination of health equity gaps; (4) investigating the root cause of the identified health equity gap; (5) developing and evaluating evidence-based solutions to address and resolve the inequities; and (6) continuous monitoring and feedback for system improvements.ConclusionApplication of each element of theroadmapcan provide a model for how academic medical centres can use pragmatic research to embed a culture of health equity into their health system.
Analysis of magma rheology from lava spreading and explosive activity during the 2020–21 eruption of La Soufrière, St Vincent, with implications for eruption dynamics
Authors: Stinton Adam , Sparks R. Stephen J. , Huppert Herbert E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We apply dynamical models to estimate the rheological properties of magma and lava during the 2021–22 eruption of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent. Analysis of the emplacement of a lava coulée gives viscosities in the range 0.94 × 10
10
Pa s to 5.97 × 10
10
Pa s. A static Bingham model gives a yield strength of 4.1 × 10
5
Pa. A dynamical model of conduit flow during the explosive phase of the eruption gives a viscosity range from 1.2 × 10
7
to 2.3 × 10
9
Pa s. A petrological model of magma viscosity in the source region falls in the range 10
2
to 10
3
Pa s. The very high viscosity of the lava is attributed to the presence of a remnant degassed and partially crystallized magma from previous eruptions that occupied the shallow conduit–vent system prior to onset of the 2021 explosive eruptions. Gas-rich magma pushed this degassed remnant magma out over a three-month period at a steady rate of about 1.2 m
3
s
−1
and the explosive phase began when volatile-rich and much lower viscosity magma reached the surface.
CD36 Drives Metastasis and Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Farge Thomas , Nakhle Jean , Lagarde Damien , Cognet Guillaume , Polley Nathaniel , Castellano Rémy , Nicolau Marie-Laure , Bosc Claudie , Sabatier Marie , Sahal Ambrine , Saland Estelle , Jeanson Yannick , Guiraud Nathan , Boet Emeline , Bergoglio Camille , Gotanègre Mathilde , Mouchel Pierre-Luc , Stuani Lucille , Larrue Clément , Sallese Marie , De Mas Véronique , Moro Cedric , Dray Cédric , Collette Yves , Raymond-Letron Isabelle , Ader Isabelle , Récher Christian , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Cabon Florence , Vergez François , Carrière Audrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Identifying mechanisms underlying relapse is a major clinical issue for effective cancer treatment. The emerging understanding of the importance of metastasis in hematologic malignancies suggests that it could also play a role in drug resistance and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In a cohort of 1,273 AML patients, we uncovered that the multifunctional scavenger receptor CD36 was positively associated with extramedullary dissemination of leukemic blasts, increased risk of relapse after intensive chemotherapy, and reduced event-free and overall survival. CD36 was dispensable for lipid uptake but fostered blast migration through its binding with thrombospondin-1. CD36-expressing blasts, which were largely enriched after chemotherapy, exhibited a senescent-like phenotype while maintaining their migratory ability. In xenograft mouse models, CD36 inhibition reduced metastasis of blasts and prolonged survival of chemotherapy-treated mice. These results pave the way for the development of CD36 as an independent marker of poor prognosis in AML patients and a promising actionable target to improve the outcome of patients.

Significance:
CD36 promotes blast migration and extramedullary disease in acute myeloid leukemia and represents a critical target that can be exploited for clinical prognosis and patient treatment.
Associations of Dietary Patterns with Colorectal Adenomas in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Cohort
Authors: Nepal Sushma , Aslani Zahra , Shi Ni , Tabung Fred K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
Most colorectal cancers arise from adenomas, and although insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns have been associated with colorectal cancer risk, these dietary patterns have not been studied in relation to adenoma risk.

Methods:
Using data from 21,192 participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer screening cohort, we calculated the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), and overall dietary quality measured via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we investigated associations of these dietary indices with adenoma (any adenoma, advanced adenoma, n = 19,493) and recurrent adenoma (n = 1,699).

Results:
EDIH was not associated with adenoma or advanced adenoma but was marginally associated with recurrent adenoma. The OR (95% CI) comparing highest (lowest insulinemic) versus lowest (most hyperinsulinemic) quintiles was 0.76 (0.55–1.05) after multivariable adjustment including BMI. EDIP and HEI-2015 were not associated with any of the three outcomes.

Conclusions:
In the PLCO cohort, we did not observe substantial associations between dietary patterns and risk of colorectal adenomas.

Impact:
Pending confirmation in larger prospective studies, our findings suggest that these dietary patterns may not substantially affect colorectal cancer risk via the adenoma–carcinoma sequence.
Facts and Hopes in Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Foote Michael B. , Argilés Guillem , Rousseau Benoit , Segal Neil H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although a minority of colorectal cancers exhibit mismatch repair deficiency and associated sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the vast majority of colorectal cancers arise in a tolerogenic microenvironment with mismatch repair proficiency, low tumor-intrinsic immunogenicity, and negligible immunotherapy responsiveness. Treatment strategies to augment tumor immunity with combination ICIs and chemotherapy have broadly failed in mismatch repair–proficient tumors. Similarly, although several small single-arm studies have shown that checkpoint blockade plus radiation or select tyrosine kinase inhibition may show improved outcomes compared with historical controls, this finding has not been clearly validated in randomized trials. An evolving next generation of intelligently engineered checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific T-cell engagers, and emerging CAR-T cell therapies may improve immunorecognition of colorectal tumors. Across these modalities, ongoing translational efforts to better define patient populations and biomarkers associated with immune response, as well as combine biologically sound and mutually amplifying therapies, show promise for a new era of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Identifying Mechanisms of Resistance by Circulating Tumor DNA in EVOLVE, a Phase II Trial of Cediranib Plus Olaparib for Ovarian Cancer at Time of PARP Inhibitor Progression
Authors: Lheureux Stephanie , Prokopec Stephenie D. , Oldfield Leslie E. , Gonzalez-Ochoa Eduardo , Bruce Jeffrey P. , Wong Derek , Danesh Arnavaz , Torti Dax , Torchia Jonathan , Fortuna Alexander , Singh Sharanjit , Irving Matthew , Marsh Kayla , Lam Bernard , Speers Vanessa , Yosifova Aleksandra , Oaknin Ana , Madariaga Ainhoa , Dhani Neesha C. , Bowering Valerie , Oza Amit M. , Pugh Trevor J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the use of blood cell–free DNA (cfDNA) to identify emerging mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Experimental Design:
We used targeted sequencing (TS) to analyze 78 longitudinal cfDNA samples collected from 30 patients with HGSOC enrolled in a phase II clinical trial evaluating cediranib (VEGF inhibitor) plus olaparib (PARPi) after progression on PARPi alone. cfDNA was collected at baseline, before treatment cycle 2, and at end of treatment. These were compared with whole-exome sequencing (WES) of baseline tumor tissues.

Results:
At baseline (time of initial PARPi progression), cfDNA tumor fractions were 0.2% to 67% (median, 3.25%), and patients with high ctDNA levels (&gt;15%) had a higher tumor burden (sum of target lesions; P = 0.043). Across all timepoints, cfDNA detected 74.4% of mutations known from prior tumor WES, including three of five expected BRCA1/2 reversion mutations. In addition, cfDNA identified 10 novel mutations not detected by WES, including seven TP53 mutations annotated as pathogenic by ClinVar. cfDNA fragmentation analysis attributed five of these novel TP53 mutations to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). At baseline, samples with significant differences in mutant fragment size distribution had shorter time to progression (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Longitudinal testing of cfDNA by TS provides a noninvasive tool for detection of tumor-derived mutations and mechanisms of PARPi resistance that may aid in directing patients to appropriate therapeutic strategies. With cfDNA fragmentation analyses, CHIP was identified in several patients and warrants further investigation.
Seshat and Lady Wisdom
Authors: Rechholz Maximilian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Demotic Book of Thoth has received surprisingly little attention in exegetical research, although it was a well-known text in Late Period Egypt. Since the Book of Thoth and Prov 1–9 are closely related in terms of dating, cultural background, and genre, a comparison of these two texts is overdue. To address this oversight, this article examines and compares the main female figures of both works: the goddess Seshat and Lady Wisdom. Previous research has pointed to Maat and Isis as archetypes of Lady Wisdom, but this article argues that Seshat must be considered as another goddess who exerted influence on the figure of Lady Wisdom.
Muslim Family Law Reform: Understanding the Difference between Muslim-Majority and Muslim-Minority Jurisdictions
Authors: Sezgin Yüksel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
35 Muslim-majority and 18 Muslim-minority countries formally integrate Muslim Family Laws (mfl s) into their legal systems. Both groups of governments have undertaken legislative reforms to improve the status of women/children under mfl s and strengthen the rule of law within their mfl systems. The existing scholarship does not address whether mfl s are more reformed or human/women’s rights friendlier in Muslim-majority or Muslim-minority countries. Employing an innovative methodological tool, the Muslim Family Law Index, this exploratory article surveys cross-national and historical trends in mfl reform (1946–2016). It shows that although Muslim-minority countries appear to have more “reformed” mfl systems than their Muslim counterparts, a closer analysis reveals that they have prioritized different types of legislative reform. The former favored exit rights, while the latter prioritized substantive reforms. The type and extent of interventions were strongly associated with colonial heritage, state-religion relations, international norm diffusion, women’s activism, and ethnoreligious diversity/tolerance. These findings have implications for studying multicultural theory, human/women’s rights, and democratization in the mfl-applying world.
Integrating Conflict Management Learning into the Curriculum
Authors: O’Toole John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Teaching young people how to deal with conflict is rarely part of a school curriculum. Although, as social communities with humans of different ages, and levels of power and status, schools themselves are full of conflict, they are often reluctant for many reasons to acknowledge the fact, and more reluctant to give it an explicit profile by including the teaching of conflict management and transformation within the curriculum. Most conflict and bullying management in schools is reactive (i.e. after the fact), top-down (i.e. done to or with the participants by teachers and school leaders), and any training is extra-curricular.
Cooling Conflict was a ten-year action research project in Australia, part of the international dracon project, investigating how drama can provide young people with the cognitive tools to resolve their own and other people’s conflicts, and to manage bullying for themselves. The program developed carefully structured drama pedagogy to give students knowledge and a vocabulary to understand the origins and structures of conflict, and to provide practice in the range of strategies available for resolving, managing or transforming conflict. The aim was to provide the students with autonomy and agency over this knowledge, and peer teaching became an important part of the program, which was (and still is) implemented in a wide range of educational settings internationally, formal and informal. From the outset and wherever possible, the program was deliberately integrated into standard curriculum time and programs, to embed the concept that conflict transformation and management can be learnt through experiential, integral learning. Over ten years, the project accumulated overwhelming evidence that, properly used, drama pedagogy is a valuable method for providing students with the tools they need to manage or transform their own conflicts, and themselves to take responsibility for assisting peers and younger students to do the same.
Who Leads, Who Follows? Critical Review of the Field of Leadership Studies
Authors: Peters Michael A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article surveys the field of leadership studies from its inception as ‘Great Man’ historical analysis strongly influenced by Thomas Carlyle and by Max Weber’s classic work on the concept of charisma in his theorizing of ‘authority’ within the modern bureaucratic state. Both approaches require careful deconstruction. The Weberian approach is still of relevance to the consideration of underlying political theories of leadership. The article surveys and reviews the formation of the field by reference to trait studies and leadership development and education before mentioning ‘School Leadership For Social Justice, Equity and Diversity’. The next section of the paper focuses on the contemporary paradigm of transformational leadership and the attendant notion of ‘the policy context’ of New Public Management and the Creative Economy as the defining context for creative leadership. The next two sections introduce the feminist critique of leadership studies and what has become known as ‘critical leadership studies’. Finally, the paper considers leadership in the twenty-first century by reference to three moments: (i) multipolarity and the production of global public goods; (ii) the biodigital future; and, (iii) the ecological-systems model of leadership. A brief postscript considers crisis leadership for post-apocalyptic survival.
Global Expectations, Local Realities: All-Inclusive Hotel Reviews and Responses on TripAdvisor
Authors: Márquez Reiter Rosina , Hidalgo Downing Raquel , Iveson Mandie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article we examine online reviews and hotel responses of Spanish hotel chains in two overseas tourist destinations: the Caribbean and Mexico. Drawing on a dataset of 96 hotel reviews we examine the intercultural experience of travellers as mediated by direct or indirect prior knowledge of the tourist destination and subsequent knowledge that results from visiting the host country and interacting with the locals, primarily with resort staff. The analysis shows, on the one hand, the global stance taken by the travellers to construct their reviews where the creation of an “intercultural space” is typically resisted and challenged in favour of expected global standards. The hotels’ responses, on the other hand, are constructed from a local rather than a global perspective. Findings reveal the intercultural tension that arises when lived experience of the specific culture cannot be married with the expectancies of homogeneity created by an increasingly globalised experience of tourism. The article concludes with a discussion of the role of interculturality, as conceived of in pragmatics, in a contemporary era characterised by discontent with digital information systems. It includes a discussion of some of the challenges in deploying the contrastive pragmatics toolkit to capture the intercultural space reported here and the extent to which it allows us to portray interculturality in the present day.
Challenges for Inline Observation Error Estimation in the Presence of Misspecified Background Uncertainty
Authors: Walsworth Andrew , Poterjoy Jonathan , Satterfield Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For data assimilation to provide faithful state estimates for dynamical models, specifications of observation uncertainty need to be as accurate as possible. Innovation-based methods based on Desroziers diagnostics, are commonly used to estimate observation uncertainty, but such methods can depend greatly on the prescribed background uncertainty. For ensemble data assimilation, this uncertainty comes from statistics calculated from ensemble forecasts, which require inflation and localization to address under sampling. In this work, we use an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with a low-dimensional Lorenz model to investigate the interplay between the Desroziers method and inflation. Two inflation techniques are used for this purpose: 1) a rigorously tuned fixed multiplicative scheme and 2) an adaptive state-space scheme. We document how inaccuracies in observation uncertainty affect errors in EnKF posteriors and study the combined impacts of misspecified initial observation uncertainty, sampling error, and model error on Desroziers estimates. We find that whether observation uncertainty is over- or underestimated greatly affects the stability of data assimilation and the accuracy of Desroziers estimates and that preference should be given to initial overestimates. Inline estimates of Desroziers tend to remove the dependence between ensemble spread–skill and the initially prescribed observation error. In addition, we find that the inclusion of model error introduces spurious correlations in observation uncertainty estimates. Further, we note that the adaptive inflation scheme is less robust than fixed inflation at mitigating multiple sources of error. Last, sampling error strongly exacerbates existing sources of error and greatly degrades EnKF estimates, which translates into biased Desroziers estimates of observation error covariance.

Significance Statement
To generate accurate predictions of various components of the Earth system, numerical models require an accurate specification of state variables at our current time. This step adopts a probabilistic consideration of our current state estimate versus information provided from environmental measurements of the true state. Various strategies exist for estimating uncertainty in observations within this framework, but are sensitive to a host of assumptions, which are investigated in this study.
A randomized controlled trial testing the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a mental health Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment among refugees in Malaysia
Authors: Shaw Stacey A , Lee ChenYing , Ahmadi Maryam , Karim Shor Muluk Hamid , Mohamed Jibril Zakaria , Ahmadi Latifa , Randall Lynette , Yang Chongming , Gilbert Louisa 
Published: June 2023

Background: Among refugees residing in countries of first asylum, such as Malaysia, high rates of psychological distress call for creative intervention responses. Aims: This study examines implementation of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model promoting emotional well-being and access to services. Method: The one-session intervention was implemented in community settings by refugee facilitators during 2017 to 2020. 140 Participants including Afghan ( n = 43), Rohingya ( n = 41), and Somali ( n = 56) refugees were randomized to receive either the intervention at baseline, or to a waitlist control group. At 30 days post-intervention, all participants completed a post-assessment. Additionally, after completing the intervention, participants provided feedback on SBIRT content and process. Results: Findings indicate the intervention was feasible to implement. Among the full sample, Refugee Health Screening-15 emotional distress scores reduced significantly among participants in the intervention group when compared to those in the waitlist control group. Examining findings by nationality, only Afghan and Rohingya participants in the intervention condition experienced significant reductions in distress scores compared to their counterparts in the control condition. Examining intervention effects on service access outcomes, only Somali participants in the intervention condition experienced significant increases in service access compared to the control condition. Conclusions: Findings indicate the potential value of this SBIRT intervention, warranting further research.