bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech biomarkers in Huntington's disease: A cross‐sectional study in pre‐symptomatic, prodromal and early manifest stages
Authors: Kouba Tomas , Frank Wiebke , Tykalova Tereza , Mühlbäck Alzbeta , Klempíř Jiří , Lindenberg Katrin S. , Landwehrmeyer G. Bernhard , Rusz Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMotor speech alterations are a prominent feature of clinically manifest Huntington's disease (HD). Objective acoustic analysis of speech can quantify speech alterations. It is currently unknown, however, at what stage of HD speech alterations can be reliably detected. We aimed to explore the patterns and extent of speech alterations using objective acoustic analysis in HD and to assess correlations with both rater‐assessed phenotypical features and biological determinants of HD.MethodsSpeech samples were acquired from 44 premanifest (29 pre‐symptomatic and 15 prodromal) and 25 manifest HD gene expansion carriers, and 25 matched healthy controls. A quantitative automated acoustic analysis of 10 speech dimensions was performed.ResultsAutomated speech analysis allowed us to differentiate between participants with HD and controls, with areas under the curve of 0.74 for pre‐symptomatic, 0.92 for prodromal, and 0.97 for manifest stages. In addition to irregular alternating motion rates and prolonged pauses seen only in manifest HD, both prodromal and manifest HD displayed slowed articulation rate, slowed alternating motion rates, increased loudness variability, and unstable steady‐state position of articulators. In participants with premanifest HD, speech alteration severity was associated with cognitive slowing (r = −0.52, p < 0.001) and the extent of bradykinesia (r = 0.43, p = 0.004). Speech alterations correlated with a measure of exposure to mutant gene products (CAG‐age‐product score; r = 0.60, p < 0.001).ConclusionSpeech abnormalities in HD are associated with other motor and cognitive deficits and are measurable already in premanifest stages of HD. Therefore, automated speech analysis might represent a quantitative HD biomarker with potential for assessing disease progression.
Disorganized attachment in emerging adulthood: Measurement comparisons and relations to childhood maltreatment and emotion dysregulation
Authors: Whittington Drew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is an abundance of research examining disorganized attachment in childhood. However, few researchers have worked to advance the study of disorganized attachment in the context of emerging adult romantic relationships. As such, consistent and clear measurement of this attachment dimension is lacking. In the current study, emerging adult college students (N = 318) completed two previously designed self‐report measures for assessing adult disorganized attachment in the context of romantic relationships. The two scales were compared in a factor analytic framework to create a single cohesive measure of romantic disorganized attachment, which captures the unique features of disorganized attachment, including fear, distrust and suspicion of attachment figures, as well as odd and disoriented behaviors. The result was a 15‐item measure, which showed good reliability and factorial validity, and was moderately related to existing measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance. Additionally, the new measure demonstrated good test–retest reliability in a follow‐up (n = 52). Finally, path analysis was used to provide evidence that disorganized attachment mediates the relation of childhood maltreatment to difficulties in emotion regulation, above what is captured by anxious and avoidant attachment. The current findings suggest the revised measure is a reliable self‐report measure of disorganized adult romantic attachment to be used to further the study of disorganized attachment in emerging adulthood.
Shifting toward intensive parenting culture? A comparative analysis of top mommy blogs and dad blogs
Authors: Scheibling Casey , Milkie Melissa A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare gendered framings of family issues in popular mommy blogs and dad blogs to assess what they reveal about parenting ideologies.BackgroundBlogs are cultural arenas where parents navigate what it means to be a “good” mother or father. Despite a growing body of work on parents' use of social media, the content and framing of parenting blogs by gender is understudied.MethodThrough a comparative analysis of 400 written posts from the top 20 mommy bloggers and dad bloggers in the United States and Canada, we examine the scope and construction of family issues in blogs and how they are framed by mothers versus fathers.ResultsMothers frame parenting in ways that highlight their investment in safeguarding children's futures, often through consumer solutions. Both mothers and fathers extend similar concerns around protecting family health and create a counter‐frame against intensive parenting by admitting and accepting imperfection. Fathers' posts emphasize how work and gender norms constrain men's ability to be involved parents.ConclusionOur comparative analysis illustrates gendered nuance in blog framings of family life and presents slight indications of shifting toward a shared culture of intensive parenting.ImplicationsThis study elucidates the potentials and pitfalls of parenting blogs as platforms for family knowledge mobilization and social advocacy around parenting problems in a consumerist digital society.
When Facebook plays matchmaker: Interactions within an online community dedicated to surrogacy and egg donation
Authors: Lavoie Kévin , Côté Isabel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article explores the interactions and digital practices of people involved in an online community dedicated to surrogacy and egg donation in the province of Québec, Canada.BackgroundSociodigital networks, with the emergence of platforms such as Facebook groups, provide a space to discuss assisted reproduction, seek advice, offer support, and connect with other Internet users to negotiate and establish a third‐party reproduction agreement.MethodThis study is based on a long‐term ethnographic field within a Facebook group, and individual interviews conducted with 22 members of this community. The data collected were analyzed inductively according to the principles of grounded theory.ResultsThree themes emerged from the online interactions and stories of the women we met. First, the publication of intended parents' testimonies is the preferred method of finding a surrogate or egg donor match and is reminiscent of the language and rituals associated with dating sites. Second, the expression of legal and financial concerns occupies a prominent place in the group discussions, given the lack of a legislative framework in this Canadian province and the variability of interpretations of the current legal framework. Third, the choice made by surrogates and donors to be involved in an online community is not random and sometimes indicates of a desire to establish a sense of control over the process and to negotiate the modalities without the presence of an intermediary.Conclusion and implicationsFacebook groups dedicated to infertility and assisted reproduction appear to be more than simply matchmakers, as the interactions that occur there perform various functions. In the absence of a formal organization dedicated to parents, surrogates, and donors in Québec, the online community becomes a place for information sharing, support, and networking. This offers avenues of intervention for professionals who need to reflect on and consider how online communities dedicated to third‐party reproduction may influence their practice.
Mothers' bereavement and evolving relationships with their dead child in South Korea
Authors: Yi Jaehee , Younce Bobby , Chung Eunbin , Kim Min Ah , Bradbury Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined mothers' continuing relationships with their child lost to cancer in South Korea.BackgroundParents who lose a child to cancer experience a deep level of grief and a continuous, seemingly never‐ending grieving process.MethodFifteen semistructured interviews were conducted with mothers who had lost a child to cancer. Participants were recruited from a support group for bereaved parents. Most participants were currently unemployed, and the elapsed time since the child's death ranged from 8 months to 13 years. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes.ResultsWe identified three overlapping themes––regret, longing, and connectedness––and eight subthemes. One major source of regret was focusing too much on pursuing a curative treatment to prevent their child's death and forgetting to show their love toward their dying child. Mothers identified longing for their child as an inexplicably intense and ever‐present loss that will only end with their death, when they will be reunited with their child. Mothers continued to live and communicate with their deceased child, imagining how their child would have grown up if they were still alive.ConclusionMothers who lost a child to cancer used continuing bonds to maintain their parental identity and relationship with the child. Maintaining bonds with deceased children can take various forms and affect coping in the parents' bereavement process.ImplicationsHealth professionals should support continuing bonds that may help parents construct meaning while simultaneously promoting improved adaptation to the death of a child to cancer in the grieving process.
Provision of and trust in COVID‐19 vaccines information: Perspectives of people who have had COVID‐19
Authors: Schackmann Laura , Hek Karin , Vervloet Marcia , Koster Ellen S. , van Dijk Liset 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to understand the provision and need, quality of and trust in COVID‐19 vaccines information from the perspectives of people who have had COVID‐19 infection.MethodPeople who have had a COVID‐19 infection were approached via their general practice and invited to participate in the Nivel Corona Cohort. They completed questionnaires at baseline (Q1), and at three months (Q2). Outcome measures were based on health information‐seeking behaviour, as used in the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking. Antecedents (i.e., gender, age, education level, health literacy) were used from Q1, and one's beliefs and experiences (i.e., trust in the information and healthcare system, how applicable the information is), information carrier factors (i.e., information quality perceptions and via which sources), health‐information seeking actions (i.e., decision to vaccinate and information sufficiency) and vaccination status from Q2. Data were analysed using descriptive analyses, analysis of variance tests (F‐tests) and χ2 tests with the statistical software STATA.ResultsOf the respondents (N = 314), 96% were vaccinated at least once, mostly after having had the virus. Most retrieved information about COVID‐19 vaccines on the website of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (79%), broader via the internet (56%), or from family and friends (35%). Almost all had trust in the information (89%) and healthcare system (94%). Most found the information applicable to their situation (67%). Moreover, most perceived the information as correct (71%) and did not perceive the information to be misleading (85%), while fewer people found the information reliable (59%) and clear (58%). Overall, the majority indicated that the information met their expectations to make a well‐informed decision to vaccinate (89%).ConclusionDifferent characteristics of people who had COVID‐19 and sought information were identified, which is important to offer tailored information. People who had COVID‐19 in this study, mainly middle‐aged, vaccinated and highly educated, were generally positive about the vaccines information, but overall the reliability and clarity could be improved. This is important for a high vaccination uptake, booster programs and coming pandemics.Patient or Public ContributionThe questionnaire was reviewed by patients who had COVID‐19, one of whom is a health services researcher.
Rapid crystallization of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass ceramics via ultra‐fast high‐temperature sintering (UHS)
Authors: Wu Jinghua , Kermani Milad , Cao Lei , Wang Bohan , Dai Zhiquan , Fu Le , Hu Chunfeng , Grasso Salvatore 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium aluminum germanium phosphate solid electrolyte is a promising candidate for all‐solid‐state batteries. The currently available processing techniques based on melting‐quenching require a rather lengthy crystallization step lasting up to 8 hours. In this work, the newly emerged ultra‐fast high‐temperature sintering (UHS) was proposed to achieve in a single step reactive consolidation of powder mixture (GeO2, Al(PO3)3, LiPO3) and crystallization of the electrolyte within 16 minutes. Samples produced using UHS had a better phase purity, reduced Li loss, and improved ionic conductivity when compared to the counterparts prepared using conventional crystallization at 850°C for 6 h. In fact, specimens prepared by UHS achieved a crystallinity of 90% and ionic conductivity as high as 1.31 × 10−4 S cm−1.
Quality of life measurement in rosacea. Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Forces on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes and Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Chernyshov P. V. , Finlay A. Y. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Steinhoff M. , Manolache L. , Pustisek N. , Dessinioti C. , Svensson A. , Marron S. E. , Bewley A. , Salavastru C. , Dréno B. , Suru A. , Koumaki D. , Linder D. , Evers A. W. M. , Abeni D. , Augustin M. , Salek S. S. , Nassif A. , Bettoli V. , Szepietowski J. С. , Zouboulis C. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Forces (TFs) on Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient‐Oriented Outcomes and Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa (ARHS) do not recommend the use of any generic instrument as a single method of Health Related (HR) QoL assessment in rosacea, except when comparing quimp (quality of life impairment) in rosacea patients with that in other non‐dermatologic skin diseases and/or healthy controls. The EADV TFs on QoL and Patient‐Oriented Outcomes and ARHS recommend the use of the dermatology‐specific HRQoL instrument the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the rosacea‐specific HRQoL instrument RosaQoL in rosacea patients. The DLQI minimal clinically important difference may be used as a marker of clinical efficacy of the treatment and DLQI score banding of 0 or 1 corresponding to no effect on patients' HRQoL could be an important treatment goal. This information may be added to consensuses and guidelines for rosacea.
Age, growth, maturity and mortality of the tapetail anchovy Coilia brachygnathus (Engraulidae) in Lake Honghu, China
Authors: Yimer Melaku Abelneh , Cao Liang , Shen Jiang‐Zhong , Zhang E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe tapertail anchovy Coilia brachygnathus, a commercially important species mainly distributed along the mid‐lower Chang‐Jiang basin, is by far the most dominant species in Lake Honghu. To figure out its success in this semiclosed lake, some basic biological parameters of this anchovy were analysed based on samples seasonally collected from October 2020 to December 2021. The results demonstrated that the age classes of fished individuals varied from 0.5 to 3.5, with the majority (97.36%) being between 0.5 and 3 years old. The size at 50% maturity of 17.2 cm total length (TL) for females and 19.0 cm TL for males corresponded to 1 and 1.6 years, respectively. Coilia brachygnathus has a short life span, early sexual maturity and a relatively fast growth rate. The flourishing of the fish in the lake is mainly attributed to its short life span, early maturity, fast growth rate, closed fishing, pelagic spawners, the availability of plenty of food and low predation effect on it. Age 3.5 year occurs in an extremely small percentage of the total (<3%), indicating that a large number of larger‐sized or older fish died after spawning, which is probably one of the major sources of water pollution if the closed fishing measure is adopted in Lake Honghu. Thus, individuals older than 2 years or more than 20.0 cm TL should be harvested. These findings have important management implications for the fish resources in Lake Honghu and beyond.
Automatable end‐of‐life screening for older adults in the emergency department using electronic health records
Authors: Haimovich Adrian D. , Xu Wenxin , Wei Andrew , Schonberg Mara A. , Hwang Ula , Taylor R. Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department (ED) visits are common at the end‐of‐life, but the identification of patients with life‐limiting illness remains a key challenge in providing timely and resource‐sensitive advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care services. To date, there are no validated, automatable instruments for ED end‐of‐life screening. Here, we developed a novel electronic health record (EHR) prognostic model to screen older ED patients at high risk for 6‐month mortality and compare its performance to validated comorbidity indices.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational cohort study of ED visits from adults aged ≥65 years who visited any of 9 EDs across a large regional health system between 2014 and 2019. Multivariable logistic regression that included clinical and demographic variables, vital signs, and laboratory data was used to develop a 6‐month mortality predictive model—the Geriatric End‐of‐life Screening Tool (GEST) using five‐fold cross‐validation on data from 8 EDs. Performance was compared to the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices using area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUROC), calibration, and decision curve analyses. Reproducibility was tested against data from the remaining independent ED within the health system. We then used GEST to investigate rates of ACP documentation availability and code status orders in the EHR across risk strata.ResultsA total of 431,179 encounters by 123,128 adults were included in this study with a 6‐month mortality rate of 12.2%. Charlson (AUROC (95% CI): 0.65 (0.64–0.69)) and Elixhauser indices (0.69 (0.68–0.70)) were outperformed by GEST (0.82 (0.82–0.83)). GEST displayed robust performance across demographic subgroups and in our independent validation site. Among patients with a greater than 30% mortality risk using GEST, only 5.0% had ACP documentation; 79.0% had a code status previously ordered, of which 70.7% were full code. In decision curve analysis, GEST provided greater net benefit than the Charlson and Elixhauser scores.ConclusionsPrognostic models using EHR data robustly identify high mortality risk older adults in the ED for whom code status, ACP, or palliative care interventions may be of benefit. Although all tested methods identified patients approaching the end‐of‐life, GEST was most performant. These tools may enable resource‐sensitive end‐of‐life screening in the ED.
Fossorial mammals emphasise the forelimb muscle moment arms used for digging: New indices for reconstruction of the digging ability and behaviours in extinct taxa
Authors: Nakai Daichi , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAmong fossorial mammals, forelimbs are major digging apparatuses for dwelling, sheltering and foraging underground. Forelimb‐diggers have independently evolved in many lineages of mammals; thus, the method of digging with forelimbs varies by taxon. Therefore, the reconstruction of digging behaviours in extinct animals leads us to understand the evolutionary process of fossorial adaptation in each lineage. However, no morphological index was found to reconstruct if, or how, extinct taxa dug with forelimbs. In this study, we used the shoulder and elbow muscle moment arms in relation to the out‐force lever on the manus as indices of the efficiency of motions. The mechanical advantage of two shoulder motions (medial rotation and retraction) and three elbow motions (extension, flexion and adduction) was measured in 381 extant mammal specimens representing 332 species, 279 genera, 103 families and 24 orders. Assuming that both forelimb‐digging and ‐paddling in water require relatively high‐output moment arm efficiency, the studied taxa were categorised into four groups based on the presence or absence of forelimb‐digging and ‐paddling abilities. We found that the efficiencies of all five muscle moment arms in the forelimb‐diggers and ‐paddlers were higher than those of the non‐diggers and non‐paddlers. Furthermore, among the forelimb‐diggers, the taxa that dig compact substrates or frequently burrow tend to emphasise the muscle moment arms compared to the taxa that dig loose substrates or dig less frequently. The comparison among the 53 extant forelimb‐diggers revealed that the efficiency marked among the five muscle moment arms reflects the difference in digging strategy: humeral rotation diggers emphasise the shoulder medial rotator and elbow adductor, hook‐and‐pull diggers emphasise the shoulder retractor and elbow flexor and scratch diggers emphasise the shoulder retractor and elbow extensor. We propose that these indices will be powerful tools for reconstructing the fossorial behaviours of extinct mammals. Applying these indices to extinct taxa, Ceratogaulus, Ernanodon, Metacheiromys and Prozaedyus are capable of more efficient forelimb‐digging, and each may have adopted different digging strategies.
Evolutionary convergence of muscle architecture in relation to locomotor ecology in snakes
Authors: Mathou Adrien , Bonnet Xavier , Daoues Karim , Ksas Rémi , Herrel Anthony 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe epaxial muscles in snakes are responsible for locomotion and as such can be expected to show adaptations in species living in different environments. Here, we tested whether the structural units that comprise the superficial epaxial muscles (semispinalis‐spinalis, SSP; longissimus dorsi, LD; iliocostalis, IC) were different in animals occupying similar habitats. To do so, we analyzed and compared the muscle architecture (mass, fiber length, and physiological cross‐sectional area) of the superficial epaxial muscle segments in snakes that differ in their habitat use (e.g., arboreal, terrestrial, and aquatic). Our results showed that arboreal species have on average longer muscles and tendons spanning more segments likely important during gap bridging. Moreover, aquatic snakes show relatively heavier semispinalis‐spinalis muscles with a greater cross‐sectional area. The longissimus dorsi muscles also showed a greater cross‐sectional area compared with terrestrial and especially arboreal snakes. Whereas the more strongly developed muscles in aquatic snakes are likely associated with the dense and viscous environment through which they move, the lighter muscles in arboreal snakes may provide an advantage when climbing. Future studies comparing other ecologies (e.g., burrowing snakes) and additional muscle units (e.g., multifidus; hypaxial muscles) are needed to better understand the structural features driving variation in locomotor performance and efficiency in snakes.