bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐tidal carbon dioxide measured at emergency department triage outperforms standard triage vital signs in predicting in‐hospital mortality and intensive care unit admission
Authors: Ladde Jay G. , Miller Stacie , Chin Kevin , Feffer Cole , Gulenay George , Kepple Kirsten , Hunter Christopher , Thundiyil Josef G. , Papa Linda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed the ability of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) in predicting in‐hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to standard vital signs at ED triage as well as comparing to measures of metabolic acidosis.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled adult patients presenting to the ED of a tertiary care Level I trauma center over 30 months. Patients had standard vital signs measured along with exhaled ETCO2 at triage. Outcome measures included in‐hospital mortality; ICU admission; and correlations with lactate, sodium bicarbonate (HCO3), and anion gap.ResultsThere were 1136 patients enrolled and 1091 patients with outcome data available. There were 26 (2.4%) patients who did not survive to hospital discharge. Mean ETCO2 levels were 34 (33–34) in survivors and 22 (18–26) nonsurvivors (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting in‐hospital mortality for ETCO2 was 0.82 (0.72–0.91). In comparison the AUC for temperature was 0.55 (0.42–0.68), respiratory rate (RR) 0.59 (0.46–0.73), systolic blood pressure (SBP) 0.77 (0.67–0.86), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 0.70 (0.59–0.81), heart rate (HR) 0.76 (0.66–0.85), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) 0.53 (0.40–0.67). There were 64 (6%) patients admitted to the ICU, and the ETCO2 AUC for predicting ICU admission was 0.75 (0.67–0.80). In comparison the AUC for temperature was 0.51, RR 0.56, SBP 0.64, DBP 0.63, HR 0.66, and SpO2 0.53. Correlations between expired ETCO2 and serum lactate, anion gap, and HCO3 were rho = −0.25 (p < 0.001), rho = −0.20 (p < 0.001), and rho = 0.330 (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsETCO2 was a better predictor of in‐hospital mortality and ICU admission than the standard vital signs at ED triage. ETCO2 correlated significantly with measures of metabolic acidosis.
A randomized controlled clinical trial of prazosin for alcohol use disorder in active duty soldiers: Predictive effects of elevated cardiovascular parameters
Authors: Raskind Murray A. , Williams Tammy , Holmes Hollie , Hart Kim , Crews Laura , Poupore Eileen L. , Thomas Ronald G. , Darnell Jolee , Daniels Colin , Goke Kevin , Hendrickson Rebecca , Terry Garth , Mayer Cynthia , Simpson Tracy , Saxon Andrew , Rasmussen Dennis , Peskind Elaine R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcessive noradrenergic signaling contributes to aversive symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that interfere with abstinence or reductions in harmful use.MethodsTo address this aspect of alcohol use disorder, 102 active‐duty soldiers participating in command‐mandated Army outpatient alcohol treatment were randomized to also receive the brain‐penetrant alpha‐1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin or placebo for 13 weeks. Primary outcomes were scores on the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), standard drink units (SDUs) per day averaged over each week, % days of any drinking per week, and % days of heavy drinking per week.Results
PACS declines did not differ significantly between the prazosin and placebo groups in the overall sample. In the subgroup with comorbid PTSD (n = 48), PACS declines were significantly greater in the prazosin than in the placebo condition (p < 0.05). Baseline alcohol consumption was markedly reduced by the pre‐randomization outpatient alcohol treatment program, but the addition of prazosin treatment produced a greater slope of decline in SDUs per day compared to placebo (p = 0.01). Preplanned subgroup analyses were performed in soldiers with elevated baseline cardiovascular measures consistent with increased noradrenergic signaling. In soldiers with elevated standing heart rate (n = 15), prazosin reduced SDUs per day (p = 0.01), % days drinking (p = 0.03), and % days heavy drinking (p = 0.001) relative to placebo. In soldiers with elevated standing systolic blood pressure (n = 27), prazosin reduced SDUs per day (p = 0.04) and tended to reduce % days drinking (p = 0.056). Prazosin also reduced depressive symptoms and the incidence of emergent depressed mood more than placebo (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively). During the final 4 weeks of prazosin vs. placebo treatment that followed completion of Army outpatient AUD treatment, alcohol consumption in soldiers with elevated baseline cardiovascular measures increased in those receiving placebo but remained suppressed in those receiving prazosin.ConclusionsThese results extend reports that higher pretreatment cardiovascular measures predict beneficial effects of prazosin, which may be useful for relapse prevention in patients with AUD.
A geospatial approach to assess habitat diversity and inform conservation efforts using a case study from North Africa
Authors: Elbahi Abderrafea , Dugon Michel , Oubrou Widade , El Bekkay Mohammed , Hermas Jamila , Lawton Colin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeographic Information System (GIS) combined with remote sensing and field data was used to identify and map Souss‐Massa National Park (SMNP) habitats, an exceptionally biodiverse coastal area located in Morocco. Habitats in fenced and unfenced areas were compared to assess the fencing effectiveness for conserving semi‐arid/arid environments. Sentinel‐2A level‐2A data acquired on March 25, 2021, were analysed using the Semi‐Automatic Classification Plugin in QGIS software. The supervised classification technique and the maximum likelihood classifier were used. Ground truthing consisted of training data used for the supervised classification and reference data (850 validation points) used for accuracy assessment based on the confusion matrix method. SMNP composed of 11 natural habitat classes (70.91%) and 6 disturbed habitat classes (29.09%). The overall accuracy (>96%) and kappa coefficient (0.95) showed a high classification accuracy. Fenced areas were dominated by natural habitats (>88%), whereas unfenced areas contained more disturbed habitats (>51%), indicating that fencing was an effective conservation tool. Natural habitats in unfenced areas are largely being modified and degraded, and therefore, monitoring and conservation actions should be further strengthened. The presented methodology shows a promising application potential in future and related ecological studies conducted in other regions, notably developing countries.
The immune‐supportive diet in allergy management: A narrative review and proposal
Authors: Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Groetch Marion , Vassilopoulou Emilia , Meyer Rosan , Laitinen Kirsi , Swain Anne , Durban Raquel , Benjamin Olga , Bottse Rachelle , Grimshaw Kate , Netting Merryn , O'Mahony Liam , de Jong Nicolette , Skypala Isabel J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe role of nutrition is increasingly recognized in the management of chronic immune diseases. However, the role of an immune‐supportive diet as adjuvant therapy in the management of allergic disease has not been similarly explored. This review assesses the existing evidence for a relationship between nutrition, immune function, and allergic disease from a clinical perspective. In addition, the authors propose an immune‐supportive diet to enhance dietary interventions and complementing other therapeutic options for allergic disease from early life to adulthood. A narrative review of the literature was conducted, to determine the evidence of the relationship between nutrition and immune function, overall health, epithelial barrier function, and gut microbiome, particularly in relation to allergy. Studies on food supplements were excluded. The evidence was assessed and utilized to develop a sustainable immune‐supportive diet to complement other therapies in allergic disease. The proposed diet consists of a highly diverse range of fresh, whole, and minimally processed plant‐based and fermented foods supplemented with moderate amounts of nuts, omega‐3‐rich foods and animal‐based products in proportional amounts of the EAT‐Lancet diet, such as (fatty) fish, (fermented) milk products which may be full‐fat and eggs, lean meat or poultry, which may be free‐range or organic.
Metabolic reprogramming in response to cell mechanics
Authors: Splitt Rebecca L. , DeMali Kris A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMuch attention has been dedicated to understanding how cells sense and respond to mechanical forces. The types of forces cells experience as well as the repertoire of cell surface receptors that sense these forces have been identified. Key mechanisms for transmitting that force to the cell interior have also emerged. Yet, how cells process mechanical information and integrate it with other cellular events remains largely unexplored. Here we review the mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction at cell‐cell and cell‐matrix adhesions, and we summarize the current understanding of how cells integrate information from the distinct adhesion complexes with cell metabolism.
Clonal hematopoiesis with DNMT3A mutation is associated with lower white matter hyperintensity volume
Authors: Lee Woo‐Jin , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Song Han , Lee Heesun , Park Hyo Eun , Koh Youngil , Choi Su‐Yeon , Park Kyung‐Il 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) increases the risk of cerebrovascular events, while its association with cerebral white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is undemonstrated. We evaluated the effect of CHIP and its major driving mutations on cerebral WMH severity.MethodsFrom an institutional cohort of a routine health check‐up program with a DNA repository database, subjects who were ≥50 years of age, with one or more cardiovascular risk factors but no central nervous system disorder, and performed brain MRI were included. Along with the presence of CHIP and its major driving mutations, clinical and laboratory data were obtained. WMH volume was measured in total, periventricular, and subcortical regions.ResultsAmong the total 964 subjects, 160 subjects were classified as CHIP positive group. CHIP was most frequently associated with DNMT3A mutation (48.8%), followed by TET2 (11.9%) and ASXL1 (8.1%) mutations. Linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, and conventional cerebrovascular risk factors suggested that CHIP with DNMT3A mutation was associated with the lower log‐transformed total WMH volume, unlike other CHIP mutations. When classified according to variant allele fraction (VAF) value of DNMT3A mutation, higher VAF classes were associated with the lower log‐transformed total WMH and the lower log‐transformed periventricular WMH volume, but not with the log‐transformed subcortical WMH volumes.ConclusionsClonal hematopoiesis with DNMT3A mutation is quantitatively associated with a lower volume of cerebral WMH, especially in the periventricular region. CHIP with DNMT3A mutation might have a protective role in the endothelial pathomechanism of WMH.
Deep‐CoV: An integrated deep learning model to detectCOVID‐19 using chest X‐ray andCTimages
Authors: Roy Sanjib , Das Ayan Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 virus has fatal effect on lung function and due to its rapidity the early detection is necessary at the moment. The radiographic images have already been used by the researchers for the early diagnosis of COVID‐19. Though several existing research exhibited very good performance with either x‐ray or computer tomography (CT) images, to the best of our knowledge no such work has reported the assembled performance of both x‐ray and CT images. Thus increase in accuracy with higher scalability is the main concern of the recent research. In this article, an integrated deep learning model has been developed for detection of COVID‐19 at an early stage using both chest x‐ray and CT images. The lack of publicly available data about COVID‐19 disease motivates the authors to combine three benchmark datasets into a single dataset of large size. The proposed model has applied various transfer learning techniques for feature extraction and to find out the best suite. Finally the capsule network is used to categorize the sub‐dataset into COVID positive and normal patients. The experimental results show that, the best performance exhibits by the ResNet50 with capsule network as an extractor‐classifier pair with the combined dataset, which is composed of 575 numbers of x‐ray images and 930 numbers of CT images. The proposed model achieves accuracy of 98.2% and 97.8% with x‐ray and CT images, respectively, and an average of 98%.
Effect of celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy on cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Liangyu , Zhang Yingrui , Qin Lizheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammation is closely related to cancer prognosis. The effect of celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, on the prognosis of patients with cancer remains uncertain. To assess the association between celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy and cancer prognosis, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception until July 2022 for randomized controlled trials reporting the prognosis of patients with cancer treated with celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager software version 5.4. The following search terms were used in the databases: ((((celecoxib)) AND ((((((((cancer) OR (carcinoma)) OR (sarcoma)) OR (neoplasms)) OR (tumor)) OR (tumour)) OR (tumors)) OR (tumours))) AND ((survival) OR (mortality))) AND (((Clinical Trials, Randomized) OR (Trials, Randomized Clinical)) OR (Controlled Clinical Trials, Randomized)).ResultsOverall, 13 randomized controlled trials, including 8957 patients with cancer, were included in the analysis. Compared to conventional chemotherapy alone, 1‐year OS and 1‐year PFS rates were not significantly improved with celecoxib adjuvant therapy (OS: p = .38; PFS: p = .65). In addition, no differences were observed between the celecoxib and placebo groups in 3‐year overall (p = .98), 3‐year progression‐free (p = .40), 5‐year overall (p = .59), or 5‐year progression‐free (p = .56) survival rates. An increase in the risk ratio of leukopenia (p = .02) and thrombocytopenia (p = .05) was also observed, suggesting that celecoxib promotes hematologic toxicity. No increased risk of cardiovascular (p = .96) and gastrointestinal (p = .10–.91) events was observed.ConclusionsThe addition of celecoxib to standard chemotherapy did not improve OS or PFS rates of patients with cancer. Additionally, celecoxib can increase hematologic toxicity without increasing the risk of gastrointestinal or cardiovascular reactions. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to clarify its effects and applications.
Anti‐oxidative and anti‐neuroinflammatory role of Necrostatin‐1s and docosahexaenoic acid in RIP‐1‐mediated neurotoxicity in MPTP‐induced Parkinson's disease model
Authors: Kartik Shipra , Pal Rishi , Chaudhary Manju J. , Tiwari Prafulla Chandra , Nath Rajendra , Kumar Madhu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neuromuscular ailment that affects people in their later years and causes both motor and non‐motor deficits. Receptor‐interacting protein‐1 (RIP‐1) is a critical participant in necroptotic cell death, possibly through an oxidant–antioxidant imbalance and cytokine cascade activation in PD pathogenesis. The present study examined the role of RIP‐1‐mediated necroptosis and neuroinflammation in the MPTP‐induced PD mouse model, as well as their protection by Necrostatin‐1s (an RIP signalling inhibitor), antioxidant DHA and their functional interaction. BALB/c mice were given acute MPTP therapy (4 injections of 15 mg/kg i.p. at 2‐h intervals) on day 1. After MPTP intoxication, Necrostatin‐1s (Nec‐1s; 8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and DHA (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) treatments were given once daily for 7 days. The Nec‐1s treatment prevented MPTP‐induced behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical alterations, and the addition of DHA increases Nec‐1s' neuroprotective impact. In addition, Nec‐1s and DHA significantly improve the survival of TH‐positive dopaminergic neurons and lower expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Furthermore, Nec‐1s dramatically reduced RIP‐1 expression, whereas DHA had little effect. Our research raises the possibility that neuroinflammatory signalling and acute MPTP‐induced necroptosis are both mediated by TNFR1‐driven RIP‐1 activity. In this study, RIP‐1 ablation through Nec‐1s and the addition of DHA showed a reduction in the levels of pro‐inflammatory and oxidative markers, as well as protection from MPTP‐driven dopaminergic degeneration and neurobehavioural changes, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. For a better understanding, additional research about the mechanism(s) behind Nec‐1s and DHA is required.
Potential effects of future climate change on global reptile distributions and diversity
Authors: Biber Matthias F. , Voskamp Alke , Hof Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimUntil recently, complete information on global reptile distributions has not been widely available. Here, we provide the first comprehensive climate impact assessment for reptiles on a global scale.LocationGlobal, excluding Antarctica.Time period1995, 2050 and 2080.Major taxa studiedReptiles.MethodsWe modelled the distribution of 6296 reptile species and assessed potential global and realm‐specific changes in species richness, the change in global species richness across climate space, and species‐specific changes in range extent, overlap and position under future climate change. To assess the future climatic impact on 3768 range‐restricted species, which could not be modelled, we compared the future change in climatic conditions between both modelled and non‐modelled species.ResultsReptile richness was projected to decline significantly over time, globally but also for most zoogeographical realms, with the greatest decreases in Brazil, Australia and South Africa. Species richness was highest in warm and moist regions, with these regions being projected to shift further towards climate extremes in the future. Range extents were projected to decline considerably in the future, with a low overlap between current and future ranges. Shifts in range centroids differed among realms and taxa, with a dominant global poleward shift. Non‐modelled species were significantly stronger affected by projected climatic changes than modelled species.Main conclusionsWith ongoing future climate change, reptile richness is likely to decrease significantly across most parts of the world. This effect, in addition to considerable impacts on species range extent, overlap and position, was visible across lizards, snakes and turtles alike. Together with other anthropogenic impacts, such as habitat loss and harvesting of species, this is a cause for concern. Given the historical lack of global reptile distributions, this calls for a re‐assessment of global reptile conservation efforts, with a specific focus on anticipated future climate change.
Power in consensus: Legitimacy, global value chains and inequality in telecommunications standard‐setting
Authors: Dallas Mark P. , Shiu Jing‐Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPower is central to GVC research, but the concept is usually restricted to ‘direct’ market power that generates rents. This paper examines ‘diffuse’ conceptualizations of power in GVCs that focus on social construction, arguing that they exist along a continuum from ‘fractured’ to ‘encompassing’. Then, empirically, it shows how different types of power intermix in telecommunications standard‐setting from 1999 to 2021, using a comprehensive dataset of every finalized work item in 3GPP. Given powerful network effects in telecommunications, the industry is ripe for monopolistic rents and unequal value capture on a global scale. However, these are attenuated by a layering of power relations, and particularly, an intermediary form of social construction – legitimacy – which is the primary driver of telecommunications standard‐setting, and a new type of constitutive power in GVCs, alongside governmentality and hegemony. This is illustrated by focusing on two major shifts in legitimacy in 3GPP – the rise of Huawei and network operators. The paper shows how power becomes layered with collective forms of power partially neutralizing inter‐firm forms of dyadic power, which attenuates monopolistic value capture.
Production and features of antioxidative hydrolysate from wild almond protein isolate using ficin immobilised on the layered double hydroxide
Authors: Tahsiri Zahra , Niakousari Mehrdad 
Published: February 2023

SummaryProtein hydrolysates from wild almond protein isolate (WAPI) with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were synthesised using free and immobilised ficin on the magnetic layered double hydroxide and characterised. The highest DH values after 3 h of achieving 11.69 ± 0.15 and 11.37 ± 0.12, respectively, and gained hydrolysate were collected for further analysis. The zeta potential for the hydrolysis of free and immobilised ficin over hydrolysing time due to differences in molecular mass distribution decreased. By increasing the hydrolysing time in the case of free and immobilised ficin, the emulsion activity index gradually decreased, whereas the amount of emulsion stability index did not. The immobilised form of ficin‐treated hydrolysate showed a suitable level of DPPH radical scavenging and appeared to be effective in enhancing the oxidative stability of linoleic acid, sunflower oil and O/W emulsion. Thus WAPI hydrolysates that were treated with immobilised ficin could serve as an alternative antioxidant for food applications.
Comparative study illustrating the efficacy of novel ultrasonication‐assisted heat treatment over conventional heat treatment in functional smoothie
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Chawla Rekha , Sivakumar S. , Khatkar Sunil Kumar , Kumar Narender , Goel Nitika 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn the prevailing era of focused health, consumers are looking for wholesome and nutritious deals wherein smoothies are wonderful options to provide high‐density nutrient content. Owing to its high nutritional compactness, the processing parameters play an important role in product development. In this present study, the functional smoothie was developed. Further to enhance the life of the product, processing conditions like conventional heat treatment (82 °C for 15 min) and ultrasonication (60 amplitude/10 min) assisted heat treatment were assessed. The individual heat treatment, and treatment with combined duos in assisted effect, helped to draw some significant highlights revealing the intricacies of the processes and their effect. The smoothie with the ultrasonicated treatment showed more stable properties like viscosity, serum separation, sensory profile and microbiological aspects also it helped to homogenise the product by reducing its particle size, whereas the smoothie with only pasteurisation treatment showed the higher antioxidant and phenol content. FTIR spectra revealed changes in spectral peaks, wave numbers and corresponding absorbance exhibiting velvety smoothie due to reduced particle size (D90). The other physico‐chemical parameters illustrated non‐significant differences between both treatments. However, the duos in combination manifested a significant reduction in microbes compared with raw samples.