bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Simian Virus 40
Authors: Meyer Harry M. , Hopps Hope E. , Rogers Nancy G. , Brooks Barbara E. , Bernheim Barbara C. , Jones William P. , Nisalak Ananda , Douglas Robert D. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Simian virus 40 or vacuolating virus infection, in our experience as in that of others, is common in rhesus monkeys and uncommon in Cercopithecus monkeys that reach laboratories in this country. Cynomolgus monkeys resemble the Cercopithecus in this respect. The infection rate in laboratory rhesus has been high for a number of years, at least since 1953.
Experimental infection of Cercopithecus monkeys with SV40 by intranasal instillation results in viremia but no apparent illness; virus also appears in the nasopharyngeal secretions and in the feces. Susceptible monkeys contract infection when intimately exposed to those that are excreting virus.
A positive correlation exists between complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies against SV40 in the sera of monkeys. Hence, in most serologic studies the more rapid complement fixation test may be substituted for the neutralization test.
Serologic tests serve as a guide in selecting SV40-free monkeys whose kidneys are to be used for the preparation of cell cultures. Animals with antibodies are likely to provide contaminated tissues. On the other hand, monkeys which remain free of antibodies for a number of weeks while maintained under isolation conditions should provide tissues which do not yield SV40 in cell cultures.
The multiplication of SV40 in primary cell cultures prepared from Cercopithecus monkey kidney, in continuous line cells obtained from the same source (BS-C-1) and in rhesus continuous cell culture (LLC-MK2) has been studied. The observations provide information on the time of appearance of cytopathogenic changes following inoculation of different amounts of virus, and the relation of the level of virus in the culture to presence of recognizable CPE and detectable complement-fixing antigen.
Cultures of a continuous cell line (BS-C-1) developed from Cercopithecus kidney tissue are fully as susceptible to SV40 as are primary Cercopithecus kidney cell cultures. A stable line of rhesus kidney cells sustains the growth of SV40, develops cytopathogenic changes after prolonged incubation, but without the characteristic vacuolation produced by this agent in Cercopithecus cells and produces complement-fixing antigen. However, the rhesus stable line lacks the exquisite sensitivity of the continuous Cercopithecus line in detecting minute amounts of virus.
The ultrasound use of simulators, current view, and perspectives: Requirements and technical aspects (WFUMB state of the art paper)
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Lucius Claudia , Nielsen Michael Bachmann , Burmester Eike , Westerway Susan Campbell , Chu Chit Yan , Condous George , Cui Xin-Wu , Dong Yi , Harrison Gill , Koch Jonas , Kraus Barbara , Nolsøe Christian Pállson , Nayahangan Leizl Joy , Pedersen Malene Roland V. , Saftoiu Adrian , Savitsky Eric , Blaivas Michael 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Simulation has been shown to improve clinical learning outcomes, speed up the learning process and improve learner confidence, whilst initially taking pressure off busy clinical lists. The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) state of the art paper on the use of simulators in ultrasound education introduces ultrasound simulation, its advantages and challenges. It describes different simulator types, including low and high-fidelity simulators, the requirements and technical aspects of simulators, followed by the clinical applications of ultrasound simulation. The paper discusses the role of ultrasound simulation in ultrasound clinical training, referencing established literature. Requirements for successful ultrasound simulation acceptance into educational structures are explored. Despite being in its infancy, ultrasound simulation already offers a wide range of training opportunities and likely holds the key to a broader point of care ultrasound education for medical students, practicing doctors, and other health care professionals. Despite the drawbacks of simulation, there are also many advantages, which are expanding rapidly as the technology evolves.
A cross-sectional study of musculoskeletal disorder and their environmental determinants among cycle rickshaw pullers of Delhi
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Rasania S. K. , Acharya Anita Shankar , Rasheed Nazish 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Rickshaw pulling is among the major activities in the informal sector. Cycle rickshaw pulling involves the task of prolonged sitting, fixed posture, and vibrations which could increase the risk of developing many health problems including one of the major problems of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). Rickshaw pulling remains important for urban transport system, and such activities contribute in terms of employment and transportation services. The injury and illness resulting from work leads to lower productivity and quality employment which force them to increase their daily hours of working. The work environment and various other environmental determinants for MSD were assessed. The spatial variability of these environmental determinants and MSDs of cycle rickshaw pullers was studied in Delhi.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among cycle rickshaw pullers of Delhi. Five districts were randomly selected, and out of 448 study subjects, a total of 425 were included in the study. Consent was obtained before the study. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire instrument for MSDs was used. The spatial distribution of MSD and risk factors was studied using QGIS software.

Results:
MSD was observed in 51.5% of the cycle rickshaw pullers and the prevalence increased with age from 9.6% to 34.7%. A statistically significant association of MSD with duration of work, sleeping hour, and sleeping place was observed. Poor road condition and posture were also having an association with MSD.

Conclusion:
Every second cycle rickshaw puller was having MSD. Lifestyle, road conditions, harsh environmental condition, strenuous physical exertion, and ergonomics of the cycle rickshaw were important factors contributing for MSD.
Oral health status and oral health related quality of life in Kodhu tribes – A descriptive cross sectional study
Authors: Chatti Prathyusha , Reddy Vamsi Krishna , Parlapalli Vineela , Pydi Siva Kumar , Pallekonda Adithya Teja Prasad , Janapareddy Karishma 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
In this modern era, a significant group of people is living in isolated hilly areas far away from civilization with their custom and beliefs. They are known as “tribes.” “Kodhu” tribe is one of the major Indian tribes present in the remote areas of Visakhapatnam. The objective is to assess the oral health status and oral health-related quality of life and education level in Kodhu Tribe in residing in Araku and Paderu regions of Visakhapatnam.

Material and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the Kodhu tribal population situated in the Araku and Paderu areas Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The study comprised of 800 participants selected using a simple random sampling technique. Chi-square test was used to assess the oral health status of the tribal population, while, independent t-test was used for multiple comparison of OHIP-14 and oral health status. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Among 800 participants, 458 were illiterate, and 342 were literate. The prevalence of dental caries was 49% among the illiterates while literates had 50.4% prevalence and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.03). The periodontal status prevalence was found to be higher in illiterates (56.4%). The domains that are present in OHIP were found to be significantly associated with dental caries, periodontal status, and oral mucosal lesions (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The oral health status of Kodhu tribe was found to have high prevalence of the periodontal disease and dental caries. Regular oral examination by dental professionals, dental health education, and motivation to maintain oral hygiene should be insisted to improve the oral health status of this tribal community.
Role of impulse oscillometry in diagnosis and follow-up in bronchial asthma
Authors: Mandilwar Saurabh , Thorve Swapnil Manaji , Gupta Vishwas , Prabhudesai Pralhad 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. Impulse oscillometry is a newer diagnostic modality for asthma. It is based on the measurement of sound waves reflected by airway resistance.

Objectives:
The aim of this article is to study the role of impulse oscillometry in diagnosis and follow-up of bronchial asthma.

Methods:
Fifty-five clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma patients were evaluated with spirometry and impulse oscillometry before and after 3 months of inhaled treatment. The sensitivity to diagnose and follow-up was compared using proper statistical tests.

Results:
Impulse oscillometry was superior to spirometry in diagnosing bronchial asthma and also in accessing the treatment response after 3 months.

Conclusion:
Impulse oscillometry is superior in predicting bronchial asthma and its parameters are also more sensitive in accessing treatment response. It can replace spirometry as it is easy to perform and effort independent.
Lung cancer in Asian Indian females
Authors: Iyer Hariharan , Ghosh Tamoghna , Garg Avneet , Agarwal Harsh , Jain Deepali , Pandey Rambha , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Kumar Rakesh , Vashistha Vishal , Tiwari Pawan , Mittal Saurabh , Hadda Vijay , Madan Karan , Guleria Randeep , Mohan Anant 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Globally, the incidence of lung cancer amongst women appears to be increasing. We aimed to compare the socio-epidemiological and clinical characteristics of lung cancer amongst men and women from a large cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

Methods:
Records of patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2008 and March 2020 were reviewed. Baseline epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, histologic profiles, treatment administered, and survival were compared between males and females.

Results:
A total of 2054 male and 438 female patients were included in analysis. Compared to males, female patients were younger [median age, 56 vs. 60 years, P < 0.001)], less likely to be working, less educated beyond secondary level and less likely to be smokers (29.1% vs. 84.9%, P < 0.0001). No difference in baseline performance status was observed. Females were more frequently diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (54.2% vs. 30.2%, P = <0.0001), stage IV disease (70.8% vs. 63%, P = 0.001), and had higher rate of EGFR mutation (37.2% vs. 21.5%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the proportion of females receiving cancer-specific therapy. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed higher progression-free survival [median 9.17 vs. 7.23 months; P = 0.007] and overall survival [median 13.80 vs. 9.10 months respectively, P = 0.001] amongst females compared to males.

Conclusion:
Amongst a large cohort of lung cancer, females demonstrated several distinct and characteristic demographics as well as disease-related features, especially better survival outcomes.
Valproic acid-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Himral Pratibha , Kashyap Surender 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
A 43-year-old male using valproic acid (VA) for 2 years for seizure disorder presented with right-sided moderate pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed exudative effusion with 42% eosinophils. There was no evidence of haemothorax, pneumothorax, malignancy, and parasitic infections. Suspecting a drug-related event, VA was discontinued. The patient showed clinical improvement with resolution of pleural effusion on chest radiograph three weeks later. VA is a popular drug used for variety of disorders like seizures, migraines, and schizophrenia. There is a paucity of literature on VA-induced pleural effusion. Though a rare phenomenon, clinicians should be aware of such a possibility to avoid erroneous diagnosis.
Ribavirin plus Interferon or Oseltamivir in Severe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infection
Authors: Al-Zubairy Sulaiman A. , Alkhadhairi Eyad K. , Abuzaid Maram Maher 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is associated with significant mortality with no approved antiviral therapy.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of ribavirin and PEG-interferon α-2a (RIF), oseltamivir, and supportive care (SC) alone in MERS patients.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective cohort for all patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe symptomatic laboratory-confirmed MERS infection between September 2013 and February 2017. Patients were divided into two pairwise comparisons: RIF and oseltamivir combined (antivirals) vs. SC; and RIF vs. oseltamivir. The primary endpoint was 60-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV) and renal replacement therapy (RRT), and laboratory changes.

Results:
A total of 113 patients met the study inclusion criteria; 77 received antivirals (47 received RIF and 30 oseltamivir), and 36 SC. The 60-day mortality rate was 36% with antivirals vs. 50% with SC (P = 0.136), and 45% with RIF vs. 23% with oseltamivir (P = 0.092). The MV requirement was 42% with antivirals vs. 65% with SC (P = 0.083), and 54% with RIF vs. 27% with oseltamivir (P = 0.067). The RRT requirement was 29% with antivirals vs. 31% with SC (P = 0.943), and 40% with RIF vs. 14% with oseltamivir (P = 0.019). The median hemoglobin decrease with RIF was 4 g/dL vs. 1 with oseltamivir (P < 0.001); the WBC decrease with RIF was 1.3 vs. 0.2 with oseltamivir (P = 0.007); the blood glucose increase with RIF was 143 mg/dL vs. 89 with oseltamivir (P = 0.036), and the indirect bilirubin increase with RIF was 0.4 mg/dL vs. 0.3 with oseltamivir (P = 0.023).

Conclusions:
In this study, the use of RIF or oseltamivir in severe MERS infections did not significantly reduce 60-day mortality, nor the requirement for MV or RRT. Furthermore, the subgroup that received oseltamivir had more favorable renal, hepatic, and hematological outcomes than RIF. Larger, prospective, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Hambatan Penyelidikan Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Sula Ibrahim Pandu 
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan teknologi dengan salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah teknologi bersumbangsi memberikan kemudahan informasi dan transaksi elektronik atau ITE melalui akses media sosial yang dalam praktiknya digunakan untuk melakukan tindak pidana penghinaan. Salah satu bentuk penghinaan adalah pencemaran nama baik. Tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik dalam penegakan hukumnya pada wilayah hukum Polres Alor terkesan lambat dan tidak optimal, hal ini dikarenakan terkendala dengan hambatan penyidik dalam melakukan penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Permasalahan yang dikaji yaitu mengenai apa sajakah hambatan dalam proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan yang ditemui oleh Kepolisian Resort Alor dan bagaimana upaya menindaklanjuti hambatan tersebut sebagai bentuk tanggungjawab keberlanjutan proses hukum. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hambatan sekaligus memberikan solusi yang berkorelasi dalam proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian, terdapat dua belas hambatan dalam sistem peradilan pidana pada tahapan penyelidikan dan penyidikan di Kepolisian Resort Alor, yang kemudian peneliti membaginya dalam tiga klasifikasi yakni Klasifikasi pertama hambatan prosedural, Klasifikasi kedua hambatan internal, dan Klasifikasi ketiga hambatan eksternal. Berkaitan dengan solusi dalam menindaklanjuti hambatan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan konsep solusi hambatan secara prosedural, konsep solusi hambatan internal, konsep solusi hambatan eksternal, dan konsep solusi sistem pengawasan. Kesimpulan dari analisis dalam pembahasan setelah hambatan diklasifikasi dalam tiga bentuk berdasarkan kondisi dan keadaan, maka saran adalah selain solusi yang berhubungan dengan hambatan, sekaligus menjadi kontribusi pemikiran yang dapat bersumbangsi dalam pembenahan pelaksanaan proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan yang ideal dengan bercirikan profesional dan independensi dalam sistem peradilan pidana khusus pada Kepolisian Resort Alor.
STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI MEDIA BERGAMBAR
Authors: Nirmalasari Susanti , Lubis Khairuddin 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui stimulasi kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini melalui media gambar apakah efisien atau tidak dilakukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimilki oleh anak yaitu kemampuan bahasa anak dimana dalam kemampuan berbahasa itu terdapat aspek berbicara anak. Kegiatan berbicara menggunakan media gambar yang bervariasi dapat menarik dan mampu memotivasi minat anak dikarenakan media gambar dapat membantu dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara anak. Maka media gambar merupakan salah satu media yang dapat menstimulasi dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara Anak Usia Dini. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literature yang mana tekhnik pengumpulan datanya dengan mengolah dan menganalisis sumber reverensi ataupun jurnal ilmiah sehubungan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Analisis datanya adalah dengan menghubungkan permasalahan dengan teori yang sudah dibuku atau jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh media gambar sangat efisien dan cocok digunakan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Hasibuan Rahmadani 
Published: December 2022

Kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan proses komunikasi antara siswa dengan guru. Di dalam komunikasi tersebut guru menyampaikan pengetahuannya dan pengalamannya kepada siswa agar pengetahuan tersebut dapat dimiliki oleh siswa. Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu unsur penunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran, dan memberikan kemudahan bagi guru dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran. Media memiliki peran dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Dengan demikian semakin menarik media pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh seorang guru maka akan semakin tinggi pula tingkat motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penggunaan media audio visual dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Siswa-siswi lebih memahami karena disajikan melalui gambar, poster, atensi siswa juga berfokus pada pembelajaran, dengan durasi waktu 45 menit penggunaan media audio visual sangat efektif dan efisien dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dibuktikan dengan nilai hasil belajar siswa berada pada katpeggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual di SMP Swasta Sidikalang berjalan cukup baik.
ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK, MENTAL, DAN EMOSI DALAM KESIAPAN DAN PROSES BELAJAR ANAK
Authors: Tanfidiyah Nur 
Published: December 2022

Pedidikan merupakan lembaga yang memiliki peran penting dalam kemajuan suatu negara. Sebab didalamnya terdapat manusia-manusia pembelajar yang ditempa dengan berbagai ilmu pengetahuan dan akhlakul karimah. Harapannya akan mengembangkan dan memunculkan genarasi-genarasi bangsa yang turut mengembangkan negara Indonesia menjadi negara yang maju. Sejalan dengan hal itu, segala proses pendidikan demi terbentuknya peserta didik yang berkualitas, harus memperhatikan faktor-faktor kesiapan dan proses belajar anak, diantaranya kondisi fisik, mental, dan emosi. Ketiga hal ini cukup berpengaruh dan saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Ketika tubuh atau fisik dalam kondisi yang baik atau sehat, maka anak dapat melakukan aktivitas dengan maksimal, yaitu mampu menggunakan seluruh pancaindranya dalam proses belajar. Sementara kondisi mental yang baik akan menciptakan pikiran yang positif dan sehat. Selain itu, dengan mental yang baik, anak dapat menyesuaikan dengan kondisi lingkungan dan mampu belajar dalam kondisi apapun.
Practice & Opinion of Doctors in Hospitals toward Referral System in Iraq
Authors: Al-Shatari Sahar Abdul Hassan , Rayhan Taghlub H. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system.
Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system. to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling.
Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form.

الملخص:
الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية.
الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة.
طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية.
النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي.
الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة.