bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological assessment of the mandibular canal inferior to the mandibular second molar in an Arab Iraqi population using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Taha Omar Basheer , Nawi Mohamad Arif Awang , Abdullah Johari Yap , Yusof Asilah 
Published: January 2025

Background: The mandibular canal (MC) serves as the pathway for the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundles, which terminate at the mental foramen.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the shape, size, and location of the MC inferior to the mandibular second molar of an Arab Iraqi population according to gender.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 CBCT images (100 males and 100 females) of the Arab population in Iraq, which were examined for the morphology of MC inferior to the mandibular second molar The measurements were shape and size. The location of MC includes distance from the MC to the buccal and lingual alveolar ridges, distance from the MC to the root, distance from the MC to buccolingual borders, and distance from the MC to the inferior border of the mandible.

Results: Mandibular second molars present in 71 males and 60 females on the right side and 55 males and 64 females on the left side. The shape of MC was oval and irregular, with a significant difference between the genders on the right side but no significant difference on the left side. The size and location measurements were larger in males than in females, except for the distance from the MC to the lingual border, which was significantly higher in females. The distance from the MC to the root was zero in one case.

Conclusion: Before performing endodontic or surgical procedures involving the mandibular second molar, it is crucial to accurately identify the MC morphology particularly its location to avoid MC injury. This precise anatomical knowledge is not only essential for successful dental procedures but also plays a vital role in forensic investigations. Dentists, with their knowledge in craniofacial anatomy, are increasingly sought as experts in forensic and legal cases.
Characteristics and outcomes of pulmonary barotrauma in patients with COVID-19 ARDS: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Mahajan Varun , Kajal Kamal , Hazarika Amarjyoti , Singla Karan , Naik B Naveen , Ray Ananya , Ganesh Venkata , Singh Ajay , Bhalla Ashish , Puri Goverdhan Dutt 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Pulmonary barotrauma in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) carries high risk of mortality. While various studies have reported increased mortality, few have assessed the contributing factors for the occurrence of this complication. This study aimed at exploring the contributing factors for barotrauma in COVID-19 ARDS.
Methodology: In this retrospective study, patients aged ≥18 years with laboratory confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab and having severe or critical COVID-19 disease requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for disease severity in COVID-19 disease admitted at forty-bedded ICUs at a tertiary care research hospital in North India from April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022 were included.
Results: Of 825 patients admitted to COVID ICU, 40 developed pulmonary barotrauma, with a mortality rate of 85%. The mean ± SD PaO2/FiO2 was 96.76 ± 27.78 mmHg. Thirty-nine patients received steroids, 37 developed secondary bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract with one or more organisms. Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 15), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 10), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8) were the commonest isolates. Ten patients developed pneumomediastinum, of which 6 patients had subcutaneous emphysema along with pneumomediastinum, and 2 patients developed isolated subcutaneous emphysema. The remaining 28 patients developed pneumothorax.
The mean (±SD) for static respiratory system compliance (Crs) for patients on mechanical ventilation on the day of barotrauma was 19.3 (±10.5) mL/cmH2O.
Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 ARDS developing pulmonary barotrauma have a high associated mortality, and secondary bacterial infection, lung fragility, patient-ventilator asynchrony, as well as low respiratory system compliance, may contribute to lung injury, predisposing to barotrauma.
Short-term effects of COVID-19 vaccines on cardiac biomarkers: A comparative study between Pfizer/BioNTech and Sinopharm
Authors: Dawood Yousaf , Abed Saddam M. , Khalaf Yousif H. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cardiac side effects associated with Pfizer/BioNTech and Sinopharm vaccines.

Methods: A total of 200 healthy volunteers were enrolled after receiving two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech or Sinopharm vaccine 21 days apart. In addition, 100 healthy, unvaccinated individuals were included as a control group. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatinine kinase–myocardial band (CK-MB), and myoglobin (MYO) were measured 4 days after receiving the second dose of vaccine. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels of all participants were also determined.

Results: Post-vaccination findings in both vaccinated groups were comparable. There was no statistically significant difference in cTnI, MYO, and CK-MB levels between the Pfizer/BioNTech and Sinopharm vaccine groups. Furthermore, our results showed that the levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies stimulated by the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine were significantly higher (171.19, p < 0.001) compared to the Sinopharm vaccine (70.14). Owing to the successful efficacy of the vaccine and based on the available data, COVID-19 vaccines remain the best option to eliminate the pandemic and its complications.

Conclusion: Our study shows that both Pfizer–BioNTech and Sinopharm vaccines are safe for the heart in the short term, with no significant changes in cardiac biomarkers observed four days after vaccination. The findings suggest that these vaccines are effective and do not pose an immediate risk to cardiovascular health within the observed time frame. However, further research is required to assess the long-term cardiac safety profiles of these vaccines.
An overview of the Spanish economy’s performance since the pandemic following the revision of national accounts: a European comparison
Authors: Fernández José Luis , Moral-Benito Enrique , Urtasun Alberto 
Published: January 2025

Rationale
The Banco de España Business Activity Survey (EBAE) provides highly valuable, real-time information on a broad sample of Spanish firms’ turnover, employment, costs and prices. This helps to diagnose current economic developments.
Takeaways
•Firms perceive an increase in turnover in 2024 Q4, compared with the decreases in the same quarter of 2022 and 2023. Those located in the Valencia region have reported adverse turnover developments as a result of the impact of the flash floods.
•Inflationary pressures have ticked up slightly in Q4, in both the cost of inputs and selling prices.
•The percentage of firms affected by higher borrowing costs and insufficient demand has fallen, but economic policy uncertainty and labour shortages remain high.
•In a module on advanced technologies, 3% of respondent firms reported a high or moderate use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and 11% are experimenting with them. For firms not yet using AI, the main barriers are a lack of skilled staff, prohibitive costs and significant uncertainty about the legal ramifications.
•Lastly, based on the new series, the tax revenue developments since late 2019 are consistent with those of the macroeconomic bases in cumulative terms. In other words, the so-called tax residuals accumulated following the pandemic are now virtually zero.
Atenção Primária à Saúde na Agenda Presidencial Brasileira
Authors: Silva Kate Cristina Rosário da , Dias Cristiano Araujo , Cayres Elaine Martins Pinto , Jesus Ederlan Antonio de , Rodrigues Robert Alexandre , Silva Temistocles Damasceno 
Published: January 2025

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atenção dada a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na Agenda Presidencial brasileira, no período de 2000 a 2022. O recorte temporal justifica-se pela necessidade de análise longitudinal, compreensão das ideias e prioridades na agenda governamental. As Leis Orçamentárias Anuais (LOA) como possíveis indicadores de atenção na agenda administrativa dado o caráter exclusivo do planejamento orçamentários previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa documental, de caráter exploratório com abordagem mista qualitativa e quantitativa. O estudo foi direcionado com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Ciência Política. Os dados foram analisados sob a perspectiva do modelo teórico do Equilíbrio Pontuado. Os dados foram coletados e organizados com o auxílio do software de análise de conteúdo Nvivo versão 12. Os resultados demonstram uma maior destinação de recursos financeiros através da LOA para a assistência hospitalar em detrimento aos valores aplicados para APS, com evidência que a partir de 2011 ocorre uma discrepância decrescente entre os valores do orçamento destinado a AB. Ainda, nota-se que o valor incremental existente no ano de 2020-2021 foi uma medida provisória, aprovada para o enfrentamento da COVID 19. Conclui-se que não possui uma relevância como prioridade na agenda administrativa no período investigado. Deve-se ampliar os estudos e discussões sobre o financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), permitindo ações de alto impacto na saúde pública, principalmente na valorização da Atenção Básica (AB), para ampliar e qualificar os serviços.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE DEVONIAN ACTINOPTERYGIAN FISH <em>MOYTHOMASIA</em> FROM BELARUS
Authors: PLAX DMITRY , BAKAEV ALEKSANDR , NAUGOLNYKH SERGEY 
Published: January 2025

A new species of early actinopterygian fishes, Moythomasia lebedevi sp. nov., is described based on numerous isolated scales occurring in Middle Devonian (Givetian, Polotskian Regional Stage) marine deposits (Goryn, Stolin and Moroch Beds) of Belarus. These scales characterize different ontogenetic stages (adult and subadult) of the fish. Few additional scales from Upper Devonian (Famennian) marine deposits of Russia (Perm Krai) are attributed to Moythomasia cf. lebedevi sp. nov. based on the ornamentation, scale shape, and the type of scale-to-scale articulation. The new data add to our knowledge on the taxonomic composition of the Givetian and Famennian ichthyofaunas of the East European platform.
Tent spaces and solutions of Weinstein type equations with CMO(R_+,dm_λ) boundary values
Authors: Betancor Jorge J. , Guo Qingdong , Yang Dongyong 
Published: January 2025

Let \(\{P_{t}^{[\lambda]}\}_{t>0}\) be the Poisson semigroup associated with the Bessel operator \(\Delta_{\lambda}\) on \(\mathbb{R}_+:=(0,\infty)\), where \(\lambda>0\) and

\(\Delta_{\lambda}:=-x^{-2\lambda}\frac{d}{dx}x^{2\lambda}\frac{d}{dx}\).

In this paper, the authors show that a function \(u(y,t)\) on \(\mathbb{R}_{+}\times\mathbb{R}_{+}\), has the form \(u(y,t)=P_{t}^{[\lambda]}f(y)\) with \(f\in\) CMO\((\mathbb{R}_{+},dm_{\lambda})\), where \(dm_{\lambda}(x):=x^{2\lambda}\,dx\), if and only if \(u\) satisfies the Weinstein type equation

\(\mathbb{L}_{\lambda}u(x,t):=\frac{\partial^{2}u(x,t)}{\partial t^{2}}-\Delta_{\lambda}u(x,t)=0\), \((x,t)\in{\mathbb{R}_{+}\times\mathbb{R}_{+}}\),

a Carleson type condition and certain limiting conditions. For this purpose, the authors first introduce the tent spaces \(T_{2}^{p}\) with \(p\in[1,\infty]\) and \(T_{2,C}^{\infty}\) in the Bessel setting and then show that CMO\((\mathbb{R}_{+},dm_{\lambda})\) has a connection with \(T_{2,C}^{\infty}\) via \(\{P_{t}^{[\lambda]}\}_{t>0}\). In addition, the authors obtain some boundedness results on the operator \(\pi_{\lambda}\) from tent spaces to some "ordinary" function spaces.
Effectiveness of Probiotics and Standard Therapy Versus Standard Therapy Alone in Patients of Mild to Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Iqbal Gulraiz , Nazar Tazeen , Aziz Bilal , Fatima Tooba , Imran Yasir , Islam Asif 
Published: January 2025

Analgesics, steroids and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: To determine effectiveness of probiotics, introduced to standard treatment, in improving Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS-28) in patients with mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis, when given for a period of three months. Methods: This randomized controlled trial registered under ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06594822, was conducted on diagnosed cases of rheumatoid arthritis presenting to Mayo hospital, Lahore from 24th August 2023 till 23rd February 2024. Eighty-eight patients were recruited employing simple random sampling techniques and were categorized into two groups. Group A received standard therapy along with probiotics whereas Group B received standard therapy alone. DAS-28 score was assessed at baseline, at 45 and 90 days. Results: Patients in Group A showed an effective reduction in DAS-28 of 22.7% compared to 6.8% in group B (p=0.035). DAS-28 score in group A and B at baseline was 3.67 ± 0.61 vs 3.63 ± 0.52, p=0.708, after 45 days was 3.15 ± 0.63 vs 3.49 ± 0.56, p=0.010 and after 90 days was 2.93 ± 0.75 vs 3.27 ± 0.52, p=0.015. During treatment at days 45 and 90, group A patients showed a greater decrease from baseline i.e., -0.52 ± 0.63 vs -0.14 ± 0.56, p<0.010 and -0.74 ± 0.75 vs 0.36 ± 0.52, p<0.015 than group B patients. Group A also had a significant improvement in mean DAS-28 score at days 45 and 90 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Daily supplementation of probiotics with standard treatment is effective for the alleviation of symptoms and disease severity in patients having mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis.
Interlinking Leukemia Cell Lines with Clinicopathological Therapeutics: Exploring Eugenol’s Anti-Cancer Potential for Leukemia and Its Types
Authors: Wadood Maeesa , Zafar Shahid , Anwar Bushra , Bhatti Maira , Ali Shahid , Niaz Mahwish , Ali Muhammad Akram 
Published: January 2025

The clove oil contains a bioactive compound, eugenol, which holds promise as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment, such as leukemia. Objectives: To represent eugenol’s clinicopathological potential, through the mechanism of action in leukemia cell lines and related mechanisms. Methods: Eugenol's anti-cancer effects are explored through pathways of apoptosis induction, cell cycle regulation and modulation of key oncogenic signalling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B. One hundred twelve articles including those published between January 2013 to April 2024 were obtained using a comprehensive search after a conduction of a comprehensive search as directed by the PRISMA guidelines using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and, Semantic Scholar. Fifty-six studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were screened after which 42 studies on eugenol’s therapeutic effects in leukemia cells were found. 15 studies were finally included in the review table Results: It is found to induce reactive oxygen species and to inhibit tumor proliferation, as well as to improve the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics, according to research. The selective toxicity of eugenol toward leukemic cells with minimal effect on healthy peripheral blood cells is thus particularly appealing as a basis for use in the clinic. Furthermore, in vitro, in vivo and silico experiments show that eugenol, in combination with current cancer treatments, would better promote therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions: It was concluded that eugenol represents a novel therapeutic direction in leukemia and thus offers a compelling candidate for future drug development.
Assessment of Risk Factors Causing Oral Cancer among Patients Visiting Dental OPD
Authors: Chandio Benish , Bhutto Seerat Ul Urooj , Shahzad Muhammad , Madhuri Maya , Panhwar Muhammad Ali , Siddiqui Amanullah , Kandhro Rehmatullah 
Published: January 2025

In Pakistan, oral cavity cancer incidence rates are increasing making it the most common cancer, numbered as the second cancer in the list of cancers among males as well as females. Oral cancer is diagnosed frequently and is one of the leading causes of death in Pakistan. Worldwide, oral cancer is 6th most common cancer; in developing countries like Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka incidence is very high. Objective: To examine the risk factors causing oral cancer among patients visiting the dental Out Patients Department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro/Hyderabad over a six-month duration. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26 employing Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: Male were mostly affected as compared to female (76%). The mean age of the patients was noted as 46.62 years. Buccal mucosa was the most common site affected (45.5%). Smokeless tobacco products and smoking have a significant association with oral cancer (p-value=0.000). Conclusions: It was concluded that smokeless products are used more frequently than smoking and have more risk of increasing the incidence of oral cancer. Among all participants, 115 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma.
AI Farming Revolution and Machine Learning Approaches to Government Schemes and Subsidies
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Presidency University, Ganesh, Koniki 
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence made our lives easy. By Emerging in different fields/sectors such as Education, banking, Marketing, Financial and in many E commerce Additionally, farmers can use it to help them obtain more yields & schemes applicable. This article details a web-based tool that helps farmers. , weather forecasting and suitable crops based on the type of soil. Here we can make use of a WEKA software-based tool consisting of different AI & ML techniques. Which makes the job easier to reach every customer & it predicts whether the decision chosen by the farmers regarding crops are Suitable for their farming land. Using a Recommendation System that leverages historical data (demographics, crop type, location, income level) to recommend schemes/subsidies tailored to each farmer's needs. ML Techniques: Collaborative filtering or content-based filtering can be used to match schemes based on similar farmer profiles.

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed many sectors, which include education, banking, marketing, finance, and e-commerce. Agriculture, this lifeblood of the planet's sustenance, is being revolutionized by AI-driven inventions as well. This paper looks at the use of AI and Machine Learning to change farming practices and enhance accessibility to government schemes and subsidies.

The proposed system brings forth a web-based platform that utilizes AI and ML technologies to help farmers improve crop yield, find the best farming practices, and get government schemes relevant to their needs. The system allows farmers to make informed decisions by combining weather forecasting, soil analysis, and crop selection. The platform uses WEKA, a data mining and ML software, to implement a range of AI and ML techniques that streamline data analysis and predictive modeling.

One of the most important aspects of this system is the recommendation engine, which recommends to the farmers personalized suggestions. The recommendation system bases its suggestion on historical data, such as farmer demographics, crop types, location, and income levels, to suggest relevant government schemes and subsidies. Utilizing ML approaches such as collaborative filtering and content-based filtering, the system identifies the patterns and relationships between the farmers who have similar profiles, ensuring accurate and relevant recommendations.

KEY WORDS

Agriculture, Subsidies, Finance, Technology, Fertilizers, Government agriculture schemes, n
Pendekatan Humas Dispendukcapil Kota Surabaya dalam Mengatasi Gap Komunikasi antar Generasi melalui Instagram
Authors: Rizkiyana Hikmah , Alviaro Samanda Glen , Mega Handika Winih 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pendekatan yang digunakan Humas Dispendukcapil Kota Surabaya dalam mengatasi gap komunikasi antar generasi pada penyebaran informasi melalui platform media sosial Instagram. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, serta dokumentasi terhadap aktivitas komunikasi Dispendukcapil di Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori two-way symmetrical communication untuk menganalisis bagaimana Humas Dispendukcapil Surabaya berkomunikasi dengan audiens yang terdiri dari berbagai generasi, khususnya Generasi Z dan milenial. Pendekatan komunikasi Dispendukcapil dianalisis melalui tiga aspek utama: kredibilitas, keterbukaan, dan konsistensi. Dalam kredibilitas, Dispendukcapil memastikan informasi yang disampaikan melalui Instagram berasal dari sumber yang dapat dipercaya dan mudah dipaham. Dalam aspek keterbukaan, Dispendukcapil menunjukkan keterbukaannya dengan menyediakan ruang bagi audiens untuk berinteraksi melalui fitur Instagram. Sedangkan dalam hal konsistensi, Dispendukcapil menjaga konsistensi informasi yang disampaikan di berbagai konten Instagram, baik itu terkait dengan jadwal pelaksanaan program maupun dalam penyampaian pesan yang jelas dan konsisten agar dapat diterima oleh semua generasi.
Estimation of donor blood component wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Qureshi Iqra Zeb , Mushtaq Hina , Iqbal Hamid , Siddiqi Fuad Ahmad , Khan Imran , Zeb Bilal 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To estimate the donor blood component wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Blood Bank Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from November 2021 to August 2023. However, since FFP and CP prepared in August 2023 will not expire until August 2024, their data cannot be fully assessed for wastage within this study period.
Written consent was obtained before enrolling all donors. Depending on the need from various departments, the collected units of whole blood are fractionated into various components. The donors' names, ages, genders, contact information, and kinds of donors (voluntary or replacement) were recorded using a structured proforma. The donors who were selected had to meet a few requirements, including their age (≥ 18 years old), weight (≥ 50 g/dL), having hemoglobin levels of at least 12.5 g/dL, a hematocrit level (PCV) of at least 38%, and having normal blood pressure and a pulse rate between 50 and 100 beats per minute. Various reasons for the blood wastage were noted and recorded.
Results: A total of 18397 blood donations were received. Out of which 12870 (69.95%) units were utilized as whole blood and 5527 (30.04%) were separated into different components. Among 12870 blood bags (whole blood), 661(5.13%) were wasted. 655(99.1%) wasted whole blood bags were of male donors and 6 (0.9%) blood bags were of female donors. 202 (30.56%) wasted blood bags were of blood group B+ TTI positivity accounting for the majority of whole blood bag wastage, making up 85.17% of cases. Among the total number of cases that were TTI positive, VDRL was detected in 20.78% of the blood bags, while HBsAg was found in 50.44% of them. The highest percentage of discarded components was platelets (7.99%), followed by RCC (4.84%), CP (3.23%), and FFP (2.11%).
Conclusions: To ensure the proper utilization of blood, it is important to establish and adhere to appropriate blood transfusion guidelines. Collaborative efforts between hospital and blood bank personnel should also be made to reduce blood wastage.
Keywords: Blood discarded, Blood components. Expired blood, Blood products.