bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of tumor growth and apoptosis induction by pomegranate seed nano-emulsion in mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma cells
Authors: Mohamed Hanan R. H. , Tulbah Fadi S. A. , El-ghor Akmal A. , Eissa Shaymaa M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the high antioxidant and penetration ability of pomegranate seed oil (PSO), the in vivo antitumor activity of PSO nano-emulsion has not been well investigated. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the antitumor activity and safety of PSO nano-emulsion in mice bearing Ehrlich solid carcinoma cells. For tumor inoculation, about 2 × 106 viable Ehrlich tumor cells (200 µl) were implanted intramuscularly in the left thigh of hind leg. Once a solid tumor appears on the 10th day of transplantation; the mice were randomly divided into five groups (5 animals/group). Characterization of the PSO nano-emulsion using a Zeta sizer Malvern instrument and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that the PSO nano-droplets were well dispersed with an average particle size of 8.95 nm and a spherical shape. Treatment with PSO nano-emulsions caused a significant reduction in the tumor size and weight, in a dose dependent manner, compared to tumor control group. Marked dose dependent elevations in the DNA damage level together with significant increases in the tumor suppressor p53, Bax and Caspase genes and reductions in the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene were also observed in the tumor tissue of mice given PSO nano-emulsions. Histological examination also revealed apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells and tumor infiltration with inflammatory cells after PSO nano-emulsion treatment. However, high DNA damage was noticed in the liver and kidney tissues of mice given the highest dose of PSO nano-emulsion (400 mg/kg). Therefore, we concluded that PSO nano-emulsion exhibited a potent antitumor activity through induction of DNA breaks that triggers apoptosis of tumor cells but the highest dose caused genotoxicity to liver and kidney tissues, thus it is recommended to use doses lower than 400 mg/kg of PSO nano-emulsion as an alternative drugs for chemotherapy.
Numerical approach for flexible body with internal boundary movement
Authors: Ogawara Riko , Kaczmarczyk Stefan , Terumichi Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical method is proposed for a flexible tether motion that spans two different environments and has large displacement and deformation. When considering the behavior of a tethered system in which the tether cable is subjected to the above conditions, variations of an internal boundary in the tether must be considered. In general, the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), a nonlinear finite element method, is effective for the dynamic simulation of a flexible body with large displacement and deformation. However, in conventional methods, such as ANCF, the analysis accuracy decreases and the calculation cost increases when the movement of an internal boundary across different environments is considered. In this study, an efficient numerical approach that considers the variations of an internal boundary by using ANCF using variable-domain finite elements is proposed. In addition, to further improve the calculation efficiency, dimensionless variables are introduced using appropriate representative values. The accuracy of the numerical results obtained using the proposed method, which considers an internal variable boundary, is similar to that for a conventional method.
Loss of CSF-contacting neuron sensory function is associated with a hyper-kyphosis of the spine reminiscent of Scheuermann’s disease
Authors: Marie-Hardy Laura , Slimani Lotfi , Messa Giulia , El Bourakkadi Zaineb , Prigent Annick , Sayetta Celia , Koëth Fanny , Pascal-Moussellard Hugues , Wyart Claire , Cantaut-Belarif Yasmine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScheuermann’s disease, also referred to as Scheuermann’s kyphosis, is the second most frequent spine deformity occurring in humans after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), both with an unclear etiology. Recent genetic studies in zebrafish unraveled new mechanisms linked to AIS, highlighting the role of the Reissner fiber, an acellular polymer bathing in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in close proximity with ciliated cells and mechanosensory neurons lining the central canal of the spinal cord (CSF-cNs). However, while the Reissner fiber and ciliary beating have been linked to AIS-like phenotypes in zebrafish, the relevance of the sensory functions of CSF-cNs for human spine disorders remains unknown. Here, we show that the thoracic hyper-kyphosis of the spine previously reported in adultpkd2l1mutant zebrafish, in which the mechanosensory function of CSF-cNs is likely defective, is restricted to the sagittal plane and is not associated with vertebral malformations. By applying orthopedic criteria to analyze the amplitude of the curvature at the apex of the kyphosis, the curve pattern, the sagittal balance and sex bias, we demonstrate thatpkd2l1knock-outs develop a phenotype reminiscent of Scheuermann’s disease. Altogether our work consolidates the benefit of combining genetics and analysis of spine deformities in zebrafish to model idiopathic spine disorders in humans.
Exchange of Pb from Indian to Atlantic Ocean is driven by Agulhas current and atmospheric Pb input from South Africa
Authors: Samanta Saumik , Cloete Ryan , Dey Subhra Prakash , Barraqueta Jan-Lukas Menzel , Loock Jean C. , Meynecke Jan-Olaf , de Bie Jasper , Vichi Marcello , Roychoudhury Alakendra N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing a spatiotemporal dataset of dissolved lead (dPb) from the subtropical oceans surrounding South Africa, this study quantifies the exchange of dPb between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Despite the absence of a major Pb source within the South Atlantic sector and the complete phase-out of leaded petroleum in Southern Africa, the ecologically important southeast Cape Basin shows an elevated surface dPb concentration (21–30 pmol kg−1). We estimated up to 90% of the measured dPb in surface waters of the Cape Basin was delivered from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas Current (AC). Eddy dynamics and leakage at Agulhas retroflection result in an increased Pb flux from winter to summer, while a long-term (2008–2019) temporal change in dPb in the AC-derived water of Cape Basin was contemporaneous to a change in atmospheric Pb emissions from South Africa. The South African-origin atmospheric Pb, however, contributes first to the Agulhas waters in the West Indian Ocean, which is then transported to the South Atlantic, thereby regulating the dPb inventory of the Cape Basin. This indirect mechanism of Pb transfer emphasizes the importance of regulating Pb emissions from Southern Africa to protect rich fishing grounds associated with the Benguela marine ecosystem.
Direct coupling of CO2 with epoxides catalyzed by lanthanum(III) supported on magnetic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles
Authors: Hoseini Kosar Sadat , Razaghi Masoumeh , Nouri Tohid , Khorasani Mojtaba 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLanthanum(III) supported on the magnetic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (La@MON) has been described as an efficient, simple, and durable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 5-membered cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides. Under optimized reaction conditions, various terminal epoxides have been converted to the corresponding carbonates in the presence of 0.3 mol% La@MON and 0.5 mol% tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as co-catalyst at relatively mild reaction conditions. It was also found that La@MON catalysts had significantly higher catalytic activity than some selected reference catalysts, which can be explained by the abundance of lanthanum(III) species acting as Lewis acidic sites for activating both carbon dioxide and epoxide molecules, along with the fact that the catalyst channels are short and provided facile mass transfer. The catalyst showed good reusability for at least five reaction cycles while the magnetic core of the catalyst helps the easy separation of the catalyst by just using an external magnet.
Self-forgiveness is associated with increased volumes of fusiform gyrus in healthy individuals
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ju , Seo Junghwa , Bang Minji , Lee Sang-Hyuk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf-forgiveness (SF) involves a process through which negative moral emotions directed at the self are replaced by benevolence and acceptance. Lower SF scores can be associated with less self-compassion, higher psychological distress, and lower life dissatisfaction. However, neural correlates of SF have not been investigated yet. We enrolled a total of 79 healthy individuals. The Self-Forgiveness Scale (SFS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were evaluated. Voxel-wise correlational analyses showed a significant positive correlation between the total SFS scores and gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the fusiform gyrus (FG). In addition, the GMVs in the FG were significantly positively associated with the total SCS and CD-RISC scores and negatively correlated with the total BDI-II and BAI scores. These findings suggest that the FG related to the mirror neuron system might be a neural correlate of SF. Furthermore, its increased volumes of FG in healthy individuals can be associated with the capacity to overcome stressful life events.
Effects of adding poly-histidine tag on stability, antimicrobial activity and safety of recombinant buforin I expressed in periplasmic space of Escherichia coli
Authors: Roshanak Sahar , Yarabbi Hanieh , Shahidi Fakhri , Tabatabaei Yazdi Farideh , Movaffagh Jebraeil , Javadmanesh Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lack of cost-effective methods for producing antimicrobial peptides has made it impossible to use their high potential as a new and powerful class of antimicrobial agents. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted to decrease the cost of recombinant proteins production through microorganisms, transgenic animals, and plants. Well-known genetic and physiological characteristics, short-term proliferation, and ease of manipulation make E. coli expression system a valuable host for recombinant proteins production. Expression in periplasmic space is recommended to reduce the inherently destructive behavior of antimicrobial peptides against the expressing microorganism and to decline susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. In this study, a pET-based expression system was used to express buforin I at E. coli periplasmic space, and its antimicrobial, hemolytic, and cell toxicity activities as well as structural stability were evaluated. The hemolysis activity and cytotoxicity of His-tagged buforin I were negligible and its antimicrobial activity did not show a significant difference compared to synthetic buforin I. In addition, in silico investigating of stability of native and His-tagged buforin I showed that RMSF, RMSD and Rg curves had followed a similar trend during 150 ns simulation. Furthermore, evaluating the modelled structures, FTIR and X-ray methods of both peptides indicated an insignificant structural difference. It was concluded that the recombinant buforin I could be a viable alternative to some currently used antibiotics by successfully expressing it in the pET-based expression system.
Human visual explanations mitigate bias in AI-based assessment of surgeon skills
Authors: Kiyasseh Dani , Laca Jasper , Haque Taseen F. , Otiato Maxwell , Miles Brian J. , Wagner Christian , Donoho Daniel A. , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Anandkumar Animashree , Hung Andrew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) systems can now reliably assess surgeon skills through videos of intraoperative surgical activity. With such systems informing future high-stakes decisions such as whether to credential surgeons and grant them the privilege to operate on patients, it is critical that they treat all surgeons fairly. However, it remains an open question whether surgical AI systems exhibit bias against surgeon sub-cohorts, and, if so, whether such bias can be mitigated. Here, we examine and mitigate the bias exhibited by a family of surgical AI systems—SAIS—deployed on videos of robotic surgeries from three geographically-diverse hospitals (USA and EU). We show that SAIS exhibits an underskilling bias, erroneously downgrading surgical performance, and an overskilling bias, erroneously upgrading surgical performance, at different rates across surgeon sub-cohorts. To mitigate such bias, we leverage a strategy —TWIX—which teaches an AI system to provide a visual explanation for its skill assessment that otherwise would have been provided by human experts. We show that whereas baseline strategies inconsistently mitigate algorithmic bias, TWIX can effectively mitigate the underskilling and overskilling bias while simultaneously improving the performance of these AI systems across hospitals. We discovered that these findings carry over to the training environment where we assess medical students’ skills today. Our study is a critical prerequisite to the eventual implementation of AI-augmented global surgeon credentialing programs, ensuring that all surgeons are treated fairly.
Accuracy of Naming Error Profiles Elicited From Adaptive Short Forms of the Philadelphia Naming Test
Authors: Swiderski Alexander M. , Hula William D. , Fergadiotis Gerasimos 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a short-form computerized adaptive testing (CAT) version of the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT) provides error profiles and model-based estimates of semantic and phonological processing that agree with the full test.

Method:
Twenty-four persons with aphasia took the PNT-CAT and the full version of the PNT (hereinafter referred to as the “full PNT”) at least 2 weeks apart. The PNT-CAT proceeded in two stages: (a) the PNT-CAT30, in which 30 items were selected to match the evolving ability estimate with the goal of producing a 50% error rate, and (b) the PNT-CAT60, in which an additional 30 items were selected to produce a 75% error rate. Agreement was evaluated in terms of the root-mean-square deviation of the response-type proportions and, for individual response types, in terms of agreement coefficients and bias. We also evaluated agreement and bias for estimates of semantic and phonological processing derived from the semantic–phonological interactive two-step model (SP model) of word production.

Results:
The results suggested that agreement was poorest for semantic, formal, mixed, and unrelated errors, all of which were underestimated by the short forms. Better agreement was observed for correct and nonword responses. SP model weights estimated by the short forms demonstrated no substantial bias but generally inadequate agreement with the full PNT, which itself showed acceptable test–retest reliability for SP model weights and all response types except for formal errors.

Discussion:
Results suggest that the PNT-CAT30 and the PNT-CAT60 are generally inadequate for generating naming error profiles or model-derived estimates of semantic and phonological processing ability. Post hoc analyses suggested that increasing the number of stimuli available in the CAT item bank may improve the utility of adaptive short forms for generating error profiles, but the underlying theory also suggests that there are limitations to this approach based on a unidimensional measurement model.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22320814
Does Kinesiophobia Affect Spatiotemporal Parameters in Patients with
Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Authors: Deniz Gulnihal , Bilek Furkan , Yentur Songul Baglan , Akgol Gurkan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim We aimed to examine the effect of kinesiophobia on functional
capacity, disease activity, quality of life and spatiotemporal parameters of
patients with AS by comparing AS patients with healthy controls.
Material and method Our study included 46 patients with ankylosing
spondylitis (AS) and 45 healthy controls (HC). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis
Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI),
Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL), Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS)
scores, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, maximum plantar pressure and spatiotemporal
parameters (total weight transfer, step cycle duration, double-support phase,
swing phase, step length, foot angle and cadence) were evaluated.
Results Ninety-one individuals (46 AS, 45 HC)
(age/sex/BMI) were included in our study. Statistically
significant differences were seen between AS and HC groups in TUG, cadence, TKS,
maximum pressure, step cycle duration, swing phase, step length, double-support
phase, and foot angle measurements (p<0.05). Significant positive
correlations existed between TKS and BASMI, BASDAI, BASFI, ASoQ, TUG and foot
angle (p<0.05) in AS. Substantial negative correlations were found
between TKS and maximum pressure, cadence and swing phase values
(p<0.05) in AS.
Conclusion Our study is the first in the literature to measure
spatiotemporal parameters between patients with AS and HC and evaluate their
relationship with kinesiophobia, which was done to the best of our knowledge. We
found that patients with AS changed their gait phases by developing a unique
pattern and created a more cautious and safe gait model to provide balance and
stability. Our study revealed a statistically significant relationship between
kinesiophobia and disease activity, functional status, quality of life, cadence,
maximum plantar pressure, swing phase, and foot angle. The detailed data we
obtained in our study will shed light on gait analysis and research on
kinesiophobia in patients with AS. Kinesiophobia should be evaluated in routine
gait rehabilitation protocols applied to individuals with AS, and treatment
protocols for kinesiophobia should be added if necessary.
Gibt es entitätsspezifische Kriterien für den Beginn der spezialisierten Palliativversorgung für nicht heilbare Krebserkrankungen? Ein Scoping Review
Authors: Gahr Susanne , Brunner Sarah , Heckel Maria , Ostgathe Christoph 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziel Patienten mit nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankungen eine spezialisierte Palliativversorgung zum richtigen Zeitpunkt anzubieten, stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Ziel des Scoping Reviews war, geeignete entitätsspezifische Kriterien zu finden.
Methode Im Februar 2020 wurde in den Online-Datenbanken PubMed und Scopus ein Scoping Review durchgeführt. Ziel der Literatursuche war die Identifikation von englisch- und deutschsprachigen Originalarbeiten, die zwischen 2009 und Februar 2020 veröffentlicht wurden und Hinweise darauf geben, welche entitätsspezifischen und entitätsunabhängigen Kriterien nicht heilbarer Krebserkrankungen herangezogen werden, um betroffene Patienten zeitgerecht in die spezialisierte Palliativversorgung zu integrieren. Insgesamt wurden 13 relevante Artikel identifiziert. Der Methode des Scoping Reviews entsprechend, wurde auf eine formale Bewertung der methodischen Qualität der eingeschlossenen Literatur verzichtet.
Ergebnisse Unter den relevanten Publikationen waren 6 Reviews und 7 Originalarbeiten. In keiner der analysierten Publikationen wurden explizit charakteristische Kriterien zu spezifischen Krebsentitäten angeführt. Für die Integration in eine spezialisierte Palliativversorgung wurden unabhängig der Krebsentität als Kriterien Unheilbarkeit/fortgeschrittenes Tumorleiden, Lebensqualität, belastende Symptome, ECOG-Status, psychosoziale Bedürfnisse, Komorbiditäten, tumorassoziierte Komplikationen, Behandlungsentscheidung/keine Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und begrenzte Lebenszeitprognose herangezogen oder vorgeschlagen. Die Erhebung der Kriterien erfolgte mittels Instrumenten, für die keine konkreten Kennwerte angegeben waren, die eine zur Einbindung in spezialisierte Palliativversorgung relevante Ausprägung der Kriterien detektieren könnten.
Schlussfolgerung Für den Zeitpunkt einer zeitgerechten Integration der spezialisierten Palliativversorgung bei nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankungen gibt es bislang keine entitätsspezifischen Kriterien und Kennwerte. Aus der Analyse lässt sich jedoch ableiten, dass entitätsunabhängig alle Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren bzw. fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung, die unter Verminderung/Verlust ihrer Lebensqualität und einer komplexen Symptomlast, v.a. Depressionen und Schmerzen leiden, das Angebot einer spezialisierten Palliativversorgung erhalten sollten. Kriterien generell als Kennwerte festzulegen und konsekutiv einen Messwert bzw. Cut-off-Wert zu definieren, könnte eine Möglichkeit sein, über z.B. ein Scoringsystem eine zeitgerechte Integration der Palliativmedizin zu erleichtern. Unklar ist bislang, welche Kombinationen von Erhebungsinstrumenten oder Screeningtools der Erfassung einer zeitgerechten Integration dienen könnten.
Conversion of α-Diazoketones into 1-Bromo-2-alkyl- or 2-arylpent-4-en-2-ols using Tin-Mediated Allylation/Propargylation
Authors: Biswas Swapan Kumar , Joyasawal Sipak 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh-yielding and mild conditions are used to prepare of 1-bromo-2-alkyl- or 2-arylpent-4-en-2-ols/1-bromo-2-alkyl- or 2-arylpent-4-yn-2-ols from α-diazoketones. The reaction involves allylation/propargylation with successive bromide insertion using in situ generated allyltin bromide/or propargyltin bromide from activated tin metal and allyl/or propargyl bromide.
Descriptive and Surgical Analysis of 196 Cases of Traumatic Maxillofacial Fractures: An experience of 6 years
Authors: Mashalkar Narendra S. , Shetty Naren , Ellur Sunderraj 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
To analyze the etiology, anatomical pattern, and management of upper, midface, and lower face fractures pertaining to our demography and compare our results with other regions and worldwide.

Material and Methods
A 6-year retrospective record analysis from 2013 to 2018 of eligible patients’ data was recorded with a prepared proforma. Demographic parameters including age, sex, etiology, anatomical site, closed or open, displaced or un displaced fracture, type of treatment, associated with head injury, and implants used were evaluated.
Inclusion criteria were all patients with facial bone fractures irrespective of age and gender.
Exclusion criteria were patients with pure soft tissue injury of the face and with facial burns.

Results
Most were involved with multiple facial bone fractures. Out of 196, 72 patients (pts) had involvement of mandible fractures, 79 had involvement of the maxilla, 65 zygoma, 68 nasal bone, 42 orbital wall, 21 frontal bone with processes, and 7 NOE involvement. The most frequent etiologic factor was detected to be road traffic accidents (RTA; 162 ,83%), due to falling (24, 12%), and assault (10, 5%).
In total, 173 were male (88%) and the rest 23 were female (12%). The mean age was found to be 29 years. Twelve patients (6.1%) were less than 14 years of age. Most RTAs had occurred in young adults from 16 to 30 years of age group. We analyzed individual bone fracture involvement and compared it with other geographical locations.

Conclusions
Most facial fractures are combined involving multiple bones in young adults with RTA as the most common etiology. There was a balance seen in managing the facial fractures between conservative and operative methods. These data provide us the information in evaluation of the preventive measures to be taken and give the direction of focusing the clinical and research priority in the future.