bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecolichenology of Eastern Ghats diversity against climatic fluctuations in Kolli Hills, India
Authors: SUBBAIYAN RUBAVATHI , GANESAN AYYAPPADASAN , DHANUSKODI SARANYA 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Subbaiyan R, Ganesan A, Dhanuskodi S. 2023. Ecolichenology of Eastern Ghats diversity against climatic fluctuations in Kolli Hills, India. Biodiversitas 24: 625-635. Lichens are major components of earthbound and marine environments. A lichen is a symbiotic form of algae and fungi adapted to survive in different altitudes and environmental conditions. The lichen morphology is divided into three, based on their habitat: crustose, foliose, and fruticose lichens. Eastern Ghats (EG) contribute significantly to both the endemicity and species richness of the Indian region. However, EG forests are relatively unexplored and have received less conservation consideration than the Western Ghats. Unexplored Eastern Ghats were studied to analyze the ecolichenology against climatic fluctuations. The objective of this paper is to build a stock of epiphytic lichens within the Kolli slopes. Kolli Hills are one of the ancient richest floral and faunal biodiversity hotspots of Eastern Ghats. It is assessed from the year 2018 to that 2021 with different climatic seasonal variations. The least diversity was found with the Arthonioid > Usneoid > Scaly > Ramalinoid types. Highly denser than the Parmelioid foliose and Usneoid, the Ramlinoid species was rich in numbers with healthy thallus. The population was stopped, or the least amount of thallus growth was noticed from the high rainfall season and gradual reduction in the summer. The Ramalinoid and Parmelioid lichens were found to be easy identifiers. The richness was reduced dependently and independently with nature. The health of lichens was encountered with only morphological appurtenance. Based on the lichen group, the maximum distribution was observed in Usneoid and Ramalinoid categories. The last distribution was found with Leprose and Scaly lichens. The forest wealth was described with the denser lichen patches and the shrinkages of Parmelioid lichens, especially the Dirinaria and Parmoterma, acting as a wealth analysis tool of the forest ecosystems.
Third-Order Aberration Theory in GRIN Lenses
Authors: Minami Setsuo 
Published: February 2023

In regard to the aberration theory, we have two possible approaches; Buchdahl's quasi-invariant method1), and Herzberger's point eikonal method2). Both methods utilize the derivations of the fifth order and higher order aberration theories for homogeneous optical systems.
P.J. Sands applied extensively the quasi-invariant method to inhomogeneous lenses, and established the practical third order aberration theory4).
Band Centers and Line Positions of Hot Bands of 13C16O2 and 16O13C18O in the 15 Micron Region
Authors: Esplin Mark P. , Hoke Michael 
Published: February 2023

A high-resolution interferometer and high-temperature absorption cell have been used in a continuing measurement program of rotation-vibration spectra of the isotopes of carbon dioxide in different spectral regions. This paper covers results for the isotopes 13C16O2 and 16O13C18O with band centers in the spectral region 600 to 800 cm-1.
Only a few experimental details will be given here; additional details may be found in the literature.1 The experimental components include an infrared source, a radiation chopper, a high-temperature single-pass gas-sample absorption cell, a Michelson interferometer with "cat’s eye" mirrors employing a step-and-integrate mirror motion, and two liquid-helium-cooled detectors. A carbon dioxide gas sample was contained in the 1.75 meter single-pass stainless-steel sample cell. The central one meter section of the cell was maintained at a temperature of 800K, with temperature gradients in the end segments of the cell, ending with the cell windows at room temperature. For this study a stepping mirror displacement of 75 cm was used, giving a resolution (FWHM) of 0.006 cm-1 with triangular apodization.
Detector nonlinearity in Fourier transform spectroscopy
Authors: Abrams Mark C. 
Published: February 2023

Spectral distortion due to the nonlinear response of HgCdTe detectors is well known. Methods for removing such features are discussed.
Nonlinear response in HgCdTe detectors is a well known complication in midir Fourier transform spectroscopy; methods of removing the spectral artifacts created by nonlinearity are less well understood. While the instrument and experiment may be designed so that the desired spectrum is properly sampled, non-linearity introduces spectral features that lie outside the intended bandpass and consequently are undersampled and subject to aliasing. Consequently, in cases where nonlinear response may be expected it is essential that optical filters be chosen with the nonlinear harmonics in mind. Several examples of nonlinearity are considered, with practical examples drawn from the ATMOS data set.
Characterization of the luminescent triplet state of the K2Cr2O7 crystal at 1.2 K via EPR and optical spectroscopy
Authors: van der Waals J.H. , van der Poel W.A.J.A. 
Published: February 2023

We are currently investigating the luminescent state of crystals in which the anion is a transition metal complex with the metal formally in a do configuration, tetrahedrally surrounded by oxygen. Examples under study are VO43−, MoO42−, and also the Cr2O72− ion in which two tetrahedra share a common oxygen. First we established the triplet character (S=1) of the emitting state of this type of ion - which had been proposed [1] but never proven [2] - in some qualitative ESR experiments with optical detection on YVO4 and K2Cr2O7 crystals. We then initiated a systematic study of the latter system, the results of which are here reported, by three experimental techniques [3]:
1. Excitation and fluorescence spectroscopy with simultaneous (variable frequency) microwave irradiation to induce ESR transitions between the sublevels of a spin triplet in zero field.
2. ESR with optical detection in an external field.
3. Optical Zeeman spectroscopy.
Nonlinear Dynamics Description of a Discretized Hybrid Optically Bistable Device
Authors: Mancini H. L. , Izaguirre E. , Alonso E. M. , D’Angelo R. J. 
Published: February 2023

An analysis of the non-linear behavior of an hybrid bistable optical device (BOD) implemented with electrooptic modulators is presented in the limit when the input laser beam is pulsed and a one period delay is introduced in the feedback loop.
Experimental and numerical results are described showing period doubling route to chaos, type I intermittence and bi- and multi-stability, when the feedback loop parameters are changed.
Input optical pulse shape is preserved even when the system is operating in chaotic mode. Electronic delays only limit the maximum repetition rate.
Timing of hospital admission at first childbirth: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kjerulff Kristen H. , Attanasio Laura B. , Vanderlaan Jennifer , Sznajder Kristin K. 
Published: February 2023

Background and aims
It is difficult for women in labor to determine when best to present for hospital admission, particularly at first childbirth. While it is often recommended that women labor at home until their contractions have become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart, little research has investigated the utility of this recommendation. This study investigated the relationship between timing of hospital admission, in terms of whether women’s labor contractions had become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart before admission, and labor progress.

Methods
This was a cohort study of 1,656 primiparous women aged 18–35 years with singleton pregnancies who began labor spontaneously at home and delivered at 52 hospitals in Pennsylvania, USA. Women who were admitted before their contractions had become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart (early admits) were compared to those who were admitted after (later admits). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between timing of hospital admission and active labor status on admission (cervical dilation 6–10 cm), oxytocin augmentation, epidural analgesia and cesarean birth.

Results
Nearly two-thirds of the participants (65.3%) were later admits. These women had labored for a longer time period before admission (median, interquartile range [IQR] 5 hours (3–12 hours)) than the early admits (median, (IQR) 2 hours (1–8 hours), p < 0.001); were more likely to be in active labor on admission (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.78, 95% CI 2.47–5.81); and were less likely to experience labor augmentation with oxytocin (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.35–0.55); epidural analgesia (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38–0.72); and cesarean birth (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88).

Conclusions
Among primiparous women, those who labor at home until their contractions have become regular and ≤ 5-minutes apart are more likely to be in active labor on hospital admission and less likely to experience oxytocin augmentation, epidural analgesia and cesarean birth.
Associations between cancer history, social distancing behaviors, and loneliness in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Jenny , Zhang Xiaochen , Yu Mengda , Fisher James L. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: February 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, enforced social distancing initiatives have highlighted differences in social distancing practices and the resulting loneliness in various populations. The objective of this study was to examine how cancer history and social distancing practices relate to loneliness during COVID-19.

Methods and findings
Participants from previous studies (N = 32,989) with permission to be re-contacted were invited to complete a survey online, by phone, or by mail between June and November 2020. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between cancer history, social distancing, and loneliness.

Results
Among the included participants (n = 5729), the average age was 56.7 years, 35.6% were male, 89.4% were White, and 54.9% had a cancer history (n = 3147). Individuals with a cancer history were more likely to not contact people outside of their household (49.0% vs. 41.9%, p<0.01), but were less likely to feel lonely (35.8% vs. 45.3%, p<0.0001) compared to those without a cancer history. Higher adherence to social distancing behaviors was associated with higher odds of loneliness among individuals with (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and without a cancer history (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25).

Conclusions
Findings from this study can inform efforts to support the mental health of individuals susceptible to loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparative growth dynamics of bacterial and fungal contaminants in bupivacaine liposomal injectable suspension, bupivacaine 0.5%, and propofol
Authors: Wallace Amber , Love Lydia , Gensler Catherine , Jacob Megan , Robertson James , Messenger Kristen 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo determine whether bupivacaine liposomal injectable suspension (BLIS) supports microbial growth when artificially inoculated and to evaluate liposomal stability in the face of this extrinsic contamination as evidenced by changes in free bupivacaine concentrations.Study designA randomized, prospectivein vitrostudy in which three vials of each BLIS, bupivacaine 0.5%, and propofol were individually inoculated with known concentrations ofEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, andCandida albicans(n = 36) to quantify bacterial and fungal growth was conducted. Over 120 hours, aliquots from contaminated vials were withdrawn, plated, and incubated to determine microbial concentrations. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate free bupivacaine concentrations over time in BLIS. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model with multiple comparisons.Sample populationTwelve vials of each BLIS, bupivacaine 0.5%, and propofol.ResultsBLIS did not support significant growth ofStaphylococcus aureusorCandida albicansat any time. BLIS supported significant growth ofEscherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosabeginning at the 24 hour time point. Bupivacaine 0.5% did not support significant growth of any organisms. Propofol supported significant growth of all organisms. Free bupivacaine concentrations changed minimally over time.ConclusionBacterial and fungal contaminant growth in artificially inoculated BLIS is organism dependent. BLIS supports significant growth ofEscherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa. Extra-label handling of BLIS should only be undertaken with caution and with adherence to strict aseptic technique.
A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS/atropine
Authors: Nucci Paolo , Lembo Andrea , Schiavetti Irene , Shah Rakhee , Edgar David Francis , Evans Bruce John William 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of a myopia control spectacle lens (DIMS) at slowing the progression of myopia in a population of European children in comparison with 0.01% atropine and combined DIMS and atropine.

Methods
The study was a non-randomised experimenter-masked prospective controlled observational study of individuals aged 6–18 years with progressing myopia but no ocular pathology. Participants were allocated, according to patient/parent choice, to receive 0.01% atropine eyedrops, DIMS (Hoya® MiyoSmart®) spectacles, combined atropine+DIMS or single vision spectacle lenses (control group). The key outcome variables, cycloplegic autorefraction spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL), were measured at baseline and after three, six, and 12 months.

Results
Of the 146 participants (mean age 10.3y ±3.2), 53 received atropine, 30 DIMS spectacles, 31 atropine+DIMS, and 32 single vision control spectacles. Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed for SER, whilst controlling for age and SER at baseline, at each stage all treatment groups had significantly reduced progression compared with the control group (p<0.016). For AL, whilst controlling for baseline age and AL, at 6 and 12 months all treatment groups had significantly less progression than the control group (p<0.005). For SER only, in pairwise comparisons at 12 months the atropine+DIMS group had significantly reduced progression compared with the DIMS only and Atropine only groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion
In a European population, DIMS and atropine are effective at reducing myopia progression and axial elongation in progressing myopia and are most successful at reducing myopia progression when used in combination.
Living with “long COVID”: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Hossain M. Mahbub , Das Jyoti , Rahman Farzana , Nesa Fazilatun , Hossain Puspita , Islam A. M. Khairul , Tasnim Samia , Faizah Farah , Mazumder Hoimonty , Purohit Neetu , Ramirez Gilbert 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
Long-term health consequences of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), also known as “long COVID,” has become a global health concern. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesize the qualitative evidence on lived experiences of people living with long COVID that may inform health policymaking and practice.

Methods
We searched six major databases and additional sources and systematically retrieved relevant qualitative studies and conducted a meta-synthesis of key findings using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and reporting standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist.

Results
We found 15 articles representing 12 studies out of 619 citations from different sources. These studies provided 133 findings that were categorized into 55 categories. All categories were aggregated to the following synthesized findings: living with complex physical health problems, psychosocial crises of long COVID, slow recovery and rehabilitation, digital resources and information management, changes in social support, and experiences with healthcare providers, services, and systems. Ten studies were from the UK, and others were from Denmark and Italy, which highlights a critical lack of evidence from other countries.

Conclusions
More representative research is needed to understand long COVID-related experiences from diverse communities and populations. The available evidence informs a high burden of biopsychosocial challenges among people with long COVID that would require multilevel interventions such as strengthening health and social policies and services, engaging patients and caregivers in making decisions and developing resources, and addressing health and socioeconomic disparities associated with long COVID through evidence-based practice.
Deaths of profound despair: A retrospective cohort study of mortality among people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Chang Jamie Suki , Saxton Katherine , Bright Georgia , Jorden Michelle A. , Gutierrez Andy , Xia Katherine 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
The number of people dying while unhoused is increasing nationally. In Santa Clara County (SCC), deaths of unhoused people have almost tripled in 9 years. This is a retrospective cohort study examining mortality trends among unhoused people in SCC. The objective of the study is to characterize mortality outcomes in the unhoused population, and compare these to the SCC general population.

Materials and methods
We obtained data from the SCC Medical Examiner-Coroner’s Office on unhoused people’s deaths that occurred between 2011–2019. We analyzed demographic trends and cause of death, compared to mortality data on the SCC general population obtained from CDC databases. We also compared rates of deaths of despair.

Results
There were a total of 974 unhoused deaths in the SCC cohort. The unadjusted mortality rate among unhoused people is higher than the general population, and unhoused mortality has increased over time. The standardized mortality ratio for unhoused people is 3.8, compared to the general population in SCC. The most frequent age of death among unhoused people was between 55–64 years old (31.3%), followed by 45–54 (27.5%), compared to 85+ in the general population (38.3%). Over ninety percent of deaths in the general population were due to illness. In contrast, 38.2% of unhoused deaths were due to substance use, 32.0% illness, 19.0% injury, 4.2% homicide, and 4.1% suicide. The proportion of deaths of despair was 9-fold higher in the unhoused cohort compared to the housed cohort.

Discussion
Homelessness has profound impacts on health, as people who are unhoused are dying 20 years younger, with higher rates of injurious, treatable, and preventable causes, than people in the general population. System-level, inter-agency interventions are needed. Local governments need to systematically collect housing status at death to monitor mortality patterns among unhoused people, and adapt public health systems to prevent rising unhoused deaths.
Drivers of disparities in stage at diagnosis among women with breast cancer: South African breast cancers and HIV outcomes cohort
Authors: Mapanga Witness , Norris Shane A. , Craig Ashleigh , Ayeni Oluwatosin A. , Chen Wenlong C. , Jacobson Judith S. , Neugut Alfred I. , Ruff Paul , Cubasch Herbert , O’Neil Daniel S. , Buccimazza Ines , Čačala Sharon , Stopforth Laura W. , Farrow Hayley A. , Nietz Sarah , Phakathi Boitumelo , Chirwa Tobias , McCormack Valerie A. , Joffe Maureen 
Published: February 2023

Objective
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), advanced-stage diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) is common, and this contributes to poor survival. Understanding the determinants of the stage at diagnosis will aid in designing interventions to downstage disease and improve survival from BC in LMICs.

Methods
Within the South African Breast Cancers and HIV Outcomes (SABCHO) cohort, we examined factors affecting the stage at diagnosis of histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer at five tertiary hospitals in South Africa (SA). The stage was assessed clinically. To examine the associations of the modifiable health system, socio-economic/household and non-modifiable individual factors, hierarchical multivariable logistic regression with odds of late-stage at diagnosis (stage III-IV), was used.

Results
The majority (59%) of the included 3497 women were diagnosed with late-stage BC disease. The effect of health system-level factors on late-stage BC diagnosis was consistent and significant even when adjusted for both socio-economic- and individual-level factors. Women diagnosed in a tertiary hospital that predominantly serves a rural population were 3 times (OR = 2.89 (95% CI: 1.40–5.97) as likely to be associated with late-stage BC diagnosis when compared to those diagnosed at a hospital that predominantly serves an urban population. Taking more than 3 months from identifying the BC problem to the first health system entry (OR = 1.66 (95% CI: 1.38–2.00)), and having luminal B (OR = 1.49 (95% CI: 1.19–1.87)) or HER2-enriched (OR = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.16–2.32)) molecular subtype as compared to luminal A, were associated with a late-stage diagnosis. Whilst having a higher socio-economic level (a wealth index of 5) reduced the probability of late-stage BC at diagnosis, (OR = 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47–0.85)).

Conclusion
Advanced-stage diagnosis of BC among women in SA who access health services through the public health system was associated with both modifiable health system-level factors and non-modifiable individual-level factors. These may be considered as elements in interventions to reduce the time to diagnosis of breast cancer in women.
Community engagement and clinical trial diversity: Navigating barriers and co-designing solutions—A report from the “Health Equity through Diversity” seminar series
Authors: Reopell Luiza , Nolan Timiya S. , Gray Darrell M. , Williams Amaris , Brewer LaPrincess C. , Bryant Ashley Leak , Wilson Gerren , Williams Emily , Jones Clarence , McKoy Alicia , Grever Jeff , Soliman Adam , Baez Jna , Nawaz Saira , Walker Daniel M. , Metlock Faith , Zappe Lauren , Gregory John , Joseph Joshua J. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the lack of diversity among clinical trial participants. Equitable representation is key when testing novel therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions to ensure safety and efficacy across populations. Unfortunately, in the United States (US), racial and ethnic minority populations continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials compared to their White counterparts.

Methods
Two webinars in a four-part series, titled “Health Equity through Diversity,” were held to discuss solutions for advancing health equity through diversifying clinical trials and addressing medical mistrust in communities. Each webinar was 1.5 hours long, beginning with panelist discussions followed by breakout rooms where moderators led discussions related to health equity and scribes recorded each room’s conversations. The diverse groups of panelists included community members, civic representatives, clinician-scientists, and biopharmaceutical representatives. Scribe notes from discussions were collected and thematically analyzed to uncover the central themes.

Results
The first two webinars were attended by 242 and 205 individuals, respectively. The attendees represented 25 US states, four countries outside the US, and shared various backgrounds including community members, clinician/researchers, government organizations, biotechnology/biopharmaceutical professionals, and others. Barriers to clinical trial participation are broadly grouped into the themes of access, awareness, discrimination and racism, and workforce diversity. Participants noted that innovative, community-engaged, co-designed solutions are essential.

Conclusions
Despite racial and ethnic minority groups making up nearly half of the US population, underrepresentation in clinical trials remains a critical challenge. The community engaged co-developed solutions detailed in this report to address access, awareness, discrimination and racism, and workforce diversity are critical to advancing clinical trial diversity.