bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assuring TRICARE Coverage of Preventive Health Services for Women Beneficiaries of the Military Health System
Authors: Kostas-Polston Elizabeth A , Witkop Catherine T , Degutis Linda C , Rosenbaum Sara , Wood Susan F 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Why Defense Health Horizons Performed This Study
The primary role of the Military Health System is to assure readiness by protecting the health of the force by providing expert care to wounded, ill, and injured service members. In addition to this mission, the Military Health System (both directly through its own personnel and indirectly, through TRICARE) provides health services to millions of military family members, retirees, and their dependents. Women’s preventive health services are an important part of comprehensive health care to reduce rates of disease and premature death and were included in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) expanded coverage of women’s preventive health services, based on the best available evidence and guidelines. These guidelines were updated by the Health Resources and Services Administrations and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2016. However, TRICARE is not subject to the ACA, and therefore, TRICARE’s provisions or the access of TRICARE’s female beneficiaries to women’s preventive health services was not directly changed by the ACA. This report compares women’s reproductive health care coverage under TRICARE with coverage available to women enrolled in civilian health insurance plans subject to the 2010 ACA.

What Defense Health Horizons Recommends
Three recommendations are proposed to ensure that women who are TRICARE beneficiaries have access to and receive preventive reproductive health services that are consistent with Health Resources and Services Administration recommendations as implemented in the ACA. Each recommendation has strengths and weaknesses that are described in detail in the body of this paper.

What Defense Health Horizons Found
In covering contraceptive drugs and devices, TRICARE appears to reflect the scope of coverage found in ACA-compliant plans but, by not incorporating the term “all FDA-approved methods” of contraception, TRICARE leaves open the possibility that a narrower definition could be adopted at a future date. There are important differences in how TRICARE and ACA-compliant plans address reproductive counseling and health screening, including TRICARE’s more restrictive counseling benefit and some limits to preventive screening. By not aligning with policies related to the provision of clinical preventive services established under the ACA, TRICARE allows health care providers in purchased care to diverge from evidence-based guidelines. Although the ACA respects medical judgment when providing women’s preventive services, standards restrict the extent to which health care systems and providers can depart from evidence-based screening and prevention guidelines essential to optimizing quality, cost, and patient outcomes.
Improving the Health and Readiness of Military Women
Authors: Witkop Catherine T , Kostas-Polston Elizabeth A , Degutis Linda C 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Why the Defense Health Horizons Did This Study
Women comprise approximately one-fifth of the total force in the U.S. Military. Gynecologic and reproductive health issues not only affect the health and wellness of individual servicewomen but may also impact the mission of the DoD. Unintended pregnancies can result in adverse maternal and infant outcomes and can negatively impact the careers of military women and mission readiness. Gynecologic conditions such as abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids, and endometriosis can also limit women’s optimal health and performance, and a significant proportion of military women have indicated their desire to manage and/or suppress menstrual cycles, especially when deployed. Access to the full range of contraceptive methods is an important strategy to allow women to achieve their reproductive goals and address other health concerns. This report reviews rates of unintended pregnancy and contraceptive utilization among servicewomen and examines factors that influence these measures of health.

What Defense Health Horizons Found
Overall rates of unintended pregnancy are higher among servicewomen than the general population and rates of contraceptive use among servicewomen are lower than the general population. Congress mandates that servicewomen have access to contraceptive options, but the DoD has not established target measures for contraceptive access and use, unlike that present for the civilian population.

What Defense Health Horizons Recommends
Four potential courses of action are proposed to improve the health and readiness of military women.
Recommendation 1: The Military Health System (MHS) should develop and maintain reliable sources of data to assess the gynecologic health of servicewomen, including rates of unintended pregnancy.
Recommendation 2: When menstrual suppression, treatment for a medical condition, or contraception is desired, servicewomen should have ready access to the information they need to select the option that is best suited for their personal preferences and situation.
Recommendation 3: In order to ensure that servicewomen have optimal access to the full range of contraceptive methods, the MHS should determine true access at all their facilities and identify actions to address any barriers.
Recommendation 4: The MHS should establish service delivery targets for use of women’s preventive health services, particularly contraception, to prevent unintended pregnancies.
Human Performance Optimization: A Framework for the Military Health System
Authors: Travis Thomas W , Brown David L 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The Department of Defense (DoD) is increasingly dependent on highly technological weapon systems, but the human is still at the heart of our war-fighting efforts. In order to maintain an effective fighting force, we must optimize and sustain human performance, which is defined as the successful completion of a specified task within an available performance capacity that meets or exceeds the mission demands. When health and performance are optimized and sustained, the costs of warfighter care and disability compensation are reduced and the quality of life is enhanced. Therefore, we propose that the Military Health System (MHS) reshape its focus on disease and injury treatment and prevention to embrace health enhancement for optimal human performance in a technology-rich battle space. This commentary develops a high-level strategy and policy framework to enable the MHS to optimize health and human performance for all DoD warfighters. We conducted a review of human performance literature, assessed existing health programs across the services, and conducted interviews with MHS and Line representatives. We found that the MHS has thus far met warfighter needs in a haphazard fashion. We propose an orchestrated approach to warfighter health and performance across the DoD and a more substantial partnership between Total Force Fitness and the MHS. We provide a notional concept for how the parts of this system could interact and a strategic framework for the delivery of health and performance to the warfighter.
Trespassing Testimony in Scientific Collaboration
Authors: Gerken Mikkel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The term ‘epistemic trespassing’ has recently been coined to denote a person’s judgments regarding a domain where they are not epistemic experts. In this paper, I focus on expert trespassing testimony – that is, testimony by an expert in a domain of expertise other than his own. More specifically, I focus on intra-scientific trespassing testimony between scientific collaborators. By developing a number of distinctions, I argue that while intra-scientific trespassing testimony may seriously hamper scientific collaboration, it does not invariably do so and may even be beneficial to it.
Neonatal invasive candidiasis in low- and middle-income countries: Data from the NeoOBS study
Authors: Cook Aislinn , Ferreras-Antolin Laura , Adhisivam Bethou , Ballot Daynia , Berkley James A , Bernaschi Paola , Carvalheiro Cristina G , Chaikittisuk Napaporn , Chen Yunsheng , Chibabhai Vindana , Chitkara Shweta , Chiurchiu Sara , Chorafa Elisavet , Dien Tran Minh , Dramowski Angela , de Matos Samantha Faria , Feng Jinxing , Jarovsky Daniel , Kaur Ravinder , Khamjakkaew Warunee , Laoyookhong Premsak , Machanja Edwin , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M , Namiiro Flavia , Natraj Gita , Naziat Hakka , Ngoc Hoang Thi Bich , Ondongo-Ezhet Claude , Preedisripipat Kanchana , Rahman Hafizur , Riddell Amy , Roilides Emmanuel , Russell Neal , Sastry Apurba S , Tasimwa Hannington Baluku , Tongzhen Ji , Wadula Jeannette , Wang Yajuan , Whitelaw Andrew , Wu Dan , Yadav Varsha , Yang Gao , Stohr Wolfgang , Bielicki Julia Anna , Ellis Sally , Warris Adilia , Heath Paul T , Sharland Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeonatal invasive candidiasis (NIC) has significant morbidity and mortality. Reports have shown a different profile of those neonates affected with NIC and of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs). We describe the epidemiology, Candida spp. distribution, treatment, and outcomes of neonates with NIC from LMICs enrolled in a global, prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study (NeoOBS) of hospitalized infants &lt;60 days postnatal age with sepsis (August 2018–February 2021). A total of 127 neonates from 14 hospitals in 8 countries with Candida spp. isolated from blood culture were included. Median gestational age of affected neonates was 30 weeks (IQR: 28–34), and median birth weight was 1270 gr (interquartile range [IQR]: 990–1692). Only a minority had high-risk criteria, such as being born &lt;28 weeks, 19% (24/127), or birth weight &lt;1000 gr, 27% (34/127). The most common Candida species were C. albicans (n = 45, 35%), C. parapsilosis (n = 38, 30%), and Candida auris (n = 18, 14%). The majority of C. albicans isolates were fluconazole susceptible, whereas 59% of C. parapsilosis isolates were fluconazole-resistant. Amphotericin B was the most common antifungal used [74% (78/105)], followed by fluconazole [22% (23/105)]. Death by day 28 post-enrollment was 22% (28/127). To our knowledge, this is the largest multi-country cohort of NIC in LMICs. Most of the neonates would not have been considered at high risk for NIC in HICs. A substantial proportion of isolates was resistant to first choice fluconazole. Understanding the burden of NIC in LMIC is essential to guide future research and treatment guidelines.
Examining the decline in the C iv content of the Universe over 4.3 ≲ z  ≲ 6.3 using the E-XQR-30 sample
Authors: Davies Rebecca L , Ryan-Weber E , D’Odorico V , Bosman S E I , Meyer R A , Becker G D , Cupani G , Keating L C , Bischetti M , Davies F B , Eilers A-C , Farina E P , Haehnelt M G , Pallottini A , Zhu Y 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Intervening C iv absorbers are key tracers of metal-enriched gas in galaxy haloes over cosmic time. Previous studies suggest that the C iv cosmic mass density ($\Omega _{\rm C \, \small {IV}}$) decreases slowly over 1.5 $\lesssim \, z\lesssim$ 5 before declining rapidly at z ≳ 5, but the cause of this downturn is poorly understood. We characterize the $\Omega _{\rm C \, \small {IV}}$ evolution over 4.3 ≲ z ≲ 6.3 using 260 absorbers found in 42 XSHOOTER spectra of z ∼ 6 quasars, of which 30 come from the ESO Large Program XQR-30. The large sample enables us to robustly constrain the rate and timing of the downturn. We find that $\Omega _{\rm C \, \small {IV}}$ decreases by a factor of 4.8 ± 2.0 over the ∼300 Myr interval between z ∼ 4.7 and ∼5.8. The slope of the column density (log N) distribution function does not change, suggesting that C iv absorption is suppressed approximately uniformly across 13.2 ≤ log N/cm−2 &lt; 15.0. Assuming that the carbon content of galaxy haloes evolves as the integral of the cosmic star formation rate density (with some delay due to stellar lifetimes and outflow travel times), we show that chemical evolution alone could plausibly explain the fast decline in $\Omega _{\rm C \, \small {IV}}$ over 4.3 ≲ z ≲ 6.3. However, the C iv/C ii ratio decreases at the highest redshifts, so the accelerated decline in $\Omega _{\rm C \, \small {IV}}$ at z ≳ 5 may be more naturally explained by rapid changes in the gas ionization state driven by evolution of the UV background towards the end of hydrogen reionization.
The large magellanic cloud revealed in gravitational waves with LISA
Authors: Keim Michael A , Korol Valeriya , Rossi Elena M 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will unveil the non-transient gravitational wave sky full of inspiralling stellar-mass compact binaries within the local universe. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is expected to be prominent on the LISA sky due to its proximity and its large population of double white dwarfs (DWD). Here, we present the first dedicated study of the LMC with gravitational wave sources. We assemble three LMC models based on: (1) the density distribution and star formation history from optical wavelength observations, (2) a detailed hydrodynamic simulation, and (3) combining the two. Our models yield a hundred to several hundred detectable DWDs: indeed, the LMC will be a resolved galaxy in the LISA sky. Importantly, amongst these we forecast a few tens to a hundred double degenerate supernovae type Ia progenitors, a class of binaries which have never been unambiguously observed. The range in the number of detections is primarily due to differences in the LMC total stellar mass and recent star formation in our models. Our results suggest that the total number, periods, and chirp masses of LISA sources may provide independent constraints on both LMC stellar mass and recent star formation by comparing LISA observations with the models, although such constraints will be highly model-dependent. Our publicly available model populations may be used in future studies of the LMC, including its structure and contribution to LISA confusion noise.
New dwarf galaxy candidates in the sphere of influence of the Local Volume spiral galaxy NGC2683
Authors: Crosby Ethan , Jerjen Helmut , Müller Oliver , Pawlowski Marcel , Mateo Mario , Dirnberger Markus 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present initial results of a survey of host L* galaxies environments in the Local Volume ($D\lt 10\,$ Mpc) searching for satellite dwarf galaxy candidates using the wide-field Hyper Suprime-Cam imager on the 8 m Subaru Telescope. This paper presents complete results on NGC2683 ($M_{B_T,0}=-19.62$, $D=9.36\, \mathrm{ Mpc}$, $v_{\odot }=411\, \mathrm{ km\, s}^{-1}$), an isolated Sc spiral galaxy in the Leo Spur. At the distance of NGC2683, we image the complete volume out to projected radii of $380\, \mathrm{ kpc}$ using a hexagonal arrangement of 7 pointings. Direct inspection of the images is complete down to Mg ∼ −11 and has revealed four new satellite galaxy candidates, two of which have been independently discovered by other researchers. Assuming the distance of NGC2683, these candidates span luminosities −12 &lt; Mg &lt; −9 and effective radii 150 pc &lt;re &lt; 1100 pc and are found to be morphologically reminiscent of satellite galaxies in the Local Group. These four new candidates add to the eight already known. A principle component analysis of the 2D projected distribution of the 12 satellite galaxies of NGC2683 reveals a flattened projected disc of satellites, with axis ratio b/a = 0.23. This flattening in the 2D projected system of satellites is a 1 per cent outlier of simulated isotropic satellite systems but is mostly consistent with satellite distributions of comparable galaxy environments in the IllustrisTNG simulation. This indicates the possible presence of a satellite plane, which will need to be investigated with follow-up observations.
New mechanisms for forming multiple hotspots in radio jets
Authors: Horton Maya A , Krause Martin G H , Hardcastle Martin J 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTHotspots of radio galaxies are regions of shock-driven particle acceleration. Multiple hotspots have long been identified as potential indicators of jet movement or precession. Two frequent explanations describe a secondary hotspot as either the location of a prior jet termination point or a deflected backflow-driven shock: the so-called dentist’s drill and splatter-spot models. We created high-resolution simulations of precessing jets with a range of parameters. In addition to the existing mechanisms, our results show three additional mechanisms for multiple hotspot formation: (1) the splitting of a large terminal hotspot into passive and active components; (2) jet stream splitting resulting in two active hotspots; and (3) dynamic multiple hotspot complexes that form as a result of jet termination in a turbulent cocoon, linked here to rapid precession. We show that these distinct types of multiple hotspots are difficult to differentiate in synthetic radio maps, particularly hotspot complexes that can easily be mistaken for the jet itself. We discuss the implication for hypothesized binary supermassive black hole systems where jet precession is a key component of the morphology, and show a selection of potential precession candidates found using the Low-Frequency Array Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2.
Probing the rapid formation of black holes and their Galaxy hosts in QSOs
Authors: Cutiva-Alvarez Karla Alejandra , Coziol Roger , Torres-Papaqui Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTUsing the modelling code x-cigale, we reproduced the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 1359 SDSS quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) within the redshift range 0 &lt; z &lt; 4, for which we have NIR/MIR fluxes with the highest quality and spectral data characterizing their supermassive black hole (SMBHs). Consistent with a rapid formation of the host galaxies, the star formation histories (SFHs) have small e-folding, at most 750 Myr using an SFH function for spiral or 1000 Myr using one for elliptical. Above z ∼ 1.6, the two solutions are degenerate, the SEDs being dominated by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) continuum and high star formation rates (SFRs), typical of starburst galaxies, while at lower redshifts the starburst nature of the host, independent from its morphology, is better reproduced by a spiral SFH. In general, the SFR increases with the redshift, the mass of the bulge, the AGN luminosity, and Eddington ratio, suggesting there is no evidence of AGN quenching of star formation. Comparing the specific BH accretion rate (BHAR) with specific SFR, all the QSOs at any redshift trace a linear sequence below the Eddington luminosity, in parallel and above the one-to-one relation, implying that QSOs are in a special phase of evolution during which the growth in mass of their SMBH is more rapid than the growth in mass of their galaxy hosts. This particular phase is consistent with a scenario where the galaxy hosts of QSOs in the past grew in mass more rapidly than their SMBHs, suggesting that a high star formation efficiency during their formation was responsible in limiting their masses.
Spiral arms are metal freeways: azimuthal gas-phase metallicity variations in flocculent discs in the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations
Authors: Orr Matthew E , Burkhart Blakesley , Wetzel Andrew , Hopkins Philip F , Escala Ivanna A , Strom Allison L , Goldsmith Paul F , Pineda Jorge L , Hayward Christopher C , Loebman Sarah R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine the azimuthal variations in gas-phase metallicity profiles in simulated Milky Way-mass disc galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE-2) cosmological zoom-in simulation suite, which includes a sub-grid turbulent metal mixing model. We produce spatially resolved maps of the discs at z ≈ 0 with pixel sizes ranging from 250 to 750 pc, analogous to modern integral field unit galaxy surveys, mapping the gas-phase metallicities in both the cold and dense gas and the ionized gas correlated with H ii regions. We report that the spiral arms alternate in a pattern of metal rich and metal poor relative to the median metallicity of the order of ≲0.1 dex, appearing generally in this sample of flocculent spirals. The pattern persists even in a simulation with different strengths of metal mixing, indicating that the pattern emerges from physics above the sub-grid scale. Local enrichment does not appear to be the dominant source of the azimuthal metallicity variations at z ≈ 0: there is no correlation with local star formation on these spatial scales. Rather, the arms are moving radially inwards and outwards relative to each other, carrying their local metallicity gradients with them radially before mixing into the larger-scale interstellar medium. We propose that the arms act as freeways channeling relatively metal poor gas radially inwards, and relatively enriched gas radially outwards.
An observationally derived kick distribution for neutron stars in binary systems
Authors: O’Doherty Tyrone N , Bahramian Arash , Miller-Jones James C A , Goodwin Adelle J , Mandel Ilya , Willcox Reinhold , Atri Pikky , Strader Jay 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding the natal kicks received by neutron stars (NSs) during formation is a critical component of modelling the evolution of massive binaries. Natal kicks are an integral input parameter for population synthesis codes, and have implications for the formation of double NS systems and their subsequent merger rates. However, many of the standard observational kick distributions that are used are obtained from samples created only from isolated NSs. Kick distributions derived in this way overestimate the intrinsic NS kick distribution. For NSs in binaries, we can only directly estimate the effect of the natal kick on the binary system, instead of the natal kick received by the NS itself. Here, for the first time, we present a binary kick distribution for NSs with low-mass companions. We compile a catalogue of 145 NSs in low-mass binaries with the best available constraints on proper motion, distance, and systemic radial velocity. For each binary, we use a three-dimensional approach to estimate its binary kick. We discuss the implications of these kicks on system formation, and provide a parametric model for the overall binary kick distribution, for use in future theoretical modelling work. We compare our results with other work on isolated NSs and NSs in binaries, finding that the NS kick distributions fit using only isolated pulsars underestimate the fraction of NSs that receive low kicks. We discuss the implications of our results on modelling double NS systems, and provide suggestions on how to use our results in future theoretical works.