bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 429: The usability study of non‐contrast CT based AI to reduce the time from hospital door to reperfusion in anterior large vessel occlusion
Authors: Kim D. , Lee A. , Song S. , Choi W. , Shin D. , Lim Y. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the time reduction from hospital door to endovascular treatment (EVT) when using a non‐contrast CT (NCCT) basis artificial intelligence (AI) solution to classify and notify patients with anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO). It has the advantage of improving the prognosis by reducing the time required for treatment if patients of suspected LVO can be quickly screened and notified to clinicians in step of the NCCT test. Therefore, it was compared the time from the door of emergency room (ER) to reperfusion before and after to use of AI solution for evaluating clinical effectiveness aspects.

Materials and Methods
Patients over 19 years of age who visited a thrombectomy capable stroke center (TSC) with acute stroke symptoms and underwent EVT were enrolled this study. For the Post‐AI group, cases were collected prospectively after applying the AI solution [2022.05.01~2023.12.31], and cases with similar age, gender, and NIHSS with Post‐AI group were retrospectively collected as the Pre‐AI group [2020.05.01~2022.04.31]. The main comparison point was time difference from ER door to endovascular treatment between Pre‐AI and Post‐AI groups. Additionally, time from ER door to CT scan, CT scan to Stroke team treatment (STT), and STT to EVT were also compared between groups. Differences in time between groups were analyzed using an unpaired t‐test with Welch's correction.

Results
A total of 25 EVT cases were enrolled as the Post‐AI group, and 70 cases were retrospectively selected after 1:3 propensity score matching with age, gender and NIHSS in EVT cases. As a result of primary endpoint, time from ER door to EVT was significantly different between Pre‐AI (174.7±75.0 min.) and Post‐AI (147.7±31.6 min) [p=0.0155]. In detail results of time comparison, the time from CT scan to Stroke team treatment (20.2±7.9 min. vs. 35.4±41.3 min., p=0.0043) and the time from CT scan to EVT (127.7±29.2 min. vs. 153.9±71.1 min., p=0.0127) were significantly reduced in Post‐AI group.

Conclusions and Limitations
It has been confirmed that quickly screening LVO patients and notifying clinicians by an AI solution at the very front of the clinical process can significantly reduce the time from ER admission to EVT, and it will influence to prognosis outcome. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use for effective workflow in clinical environment. This study demonstrated how AI improved the hyperacute endovascular treatment workflow, by showing the impact on reducing ER door‐to‐reperfusion time. Although the study results were limited in generalizability as it was evaluated in a single TSC, we expect that it will be particularly valuable in remote regions where clinical experts may be limited.
Abstract 430: The Use of DCS as a Predictive Model for the Development of DCI Following aSAH ‐ Preliminary Experience
Authors: Letavay A. , Amin S. , Pressman E. , Guerrero W. , Vakharia K. , Raghu V. , Sultana P. Parveen , Parthasarathy A. , Mokin M. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). DCI results in focal neurological deficits in 30‐50% of patients within 4‐10 days following aneurysm rupture. Given the short comings of the current technologies in identifying DCI (mainly, transcranial dopplers), the current study employed the use of non‐invasive optical measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using a custom‐built diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) device. This research is supported by an R01 NIINDS funding mechanism.

Methods
We preformed daily bilateral cerebral blood flow measurements using a custom built DCS device in six patients following aSAH until discharge from our facility. Daily collection of transcranial doppler readings, NIHSS and GCS scores, in conjunction with other relevant clinical and angiographic procedural data were collected daily from admission until day 14 (or later if the patient remained symptomatic). In patients who underwent intra‐arterial vasospasm treatment in the angio suite, DCS recordings were obtained immediately before, after, and throughout the infusion.

Results
Recordings were successfully obtained in six patients. No safety concerns or interference with standard workflow procedures were noted. Correlation of daily DCS measurements with changes in clinical exam and occurrence of DCI are being finalized and prepared for the SVIN conference.

Conclusions
Preliminary analysis have demonstrated that the use of DCS optical measurements is safe and effective in the clinical setting with minimal interruptions to standard clinical operations.
Abstract 442: Transradial Access For Neurointerventional Procedures In The Elderly Population
Authors: Babici D. , Mohamed A. , Demiraj F. , Snelling B. M. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Purpose
Transradial access (TRA) has been shown to be both efficacious and safe across a range of neuro‐interventional procedures. The elderly population represents a sub‐population in which the benefits of TRA could be magnified given their increased risk of access site complications. However, this population may be at higher risk for access site and procedural failure due to their increased likelihood of vessel tortuosity and vascular disease. The current neuro‐interventional literature is lacking with respect to the safety and efficacy of trans‐radial access in the elderly population.

Materials/Methods
A retrospective review of patients older than 80 years who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiogram or neuro‐endovascular intervention through proximal and distal radial access from 2018 to 2023 at a single center was conducted.

Results
The mean age of patients who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiogram (N= 35) and endovascular intervention (N= 31) were 82.5 and 83.5 years, respectively (ranges from 80 to 94). Vascular sheath diameters used in the diagnostic and intervention groups were 5 and 5 to 7 French, respectively. Amongst patients in both the diagnostic and intervention groups, proximal radial access was used in 8 and 16 patients, respectively, and distal radial access was used in 27 and 15 patients, respectively. One distal radial access failure occurred in the diagnostic group due to the small diameter of the radial artery. In addition, a patient was switched to femoral access due to the aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery. In the intervention group, there were 4 radial access failures due to difficult anatomy. In the first case, the patient's aortic arch anatomy and proximal left common carotid artery tortuosity prevented guide catheter placement into the left carotid artery. In the second case, the catheter could not be navigated due to proximal left common carotid artery tortuosity. In the third case, the benchmark guide catheter could not be advanced into the left common carotid artery due to significant angulation. In the fourth and final case, the complex radial artery loop could not be navigated. Total failure rates in the diagnostic and intervention groups were 5.7% and 15.2 %, respectively. No access site or other procedural complications were noted.

Conclusion
Neuro‐interventions are increasingly important concerning the aging population. The benefits of the trans‐radial approach have been well documented as safe and efficacious, with minimal access site complications. Our findings add to the literature, demonstrating that the trans‐radial approach is safe and effective for performing cerebral angiography and neuro‐interventions in octogenarian patients with acceptable crossover and no access site complications
6. Pragmatic matters
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Foxcroft David 
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers a pragmatic exploration of data manipulation, addressing the often-messy realities of working with real-world datasets. It introduces foundational techniques for managing and preparing data, such as tabulating and cross-tabulating variables, using logical expressions, transforming variables, and extracting subsets of data. To provide clear and accessible examples, the chapter relies on small, illustrative datasets rather than complex real-world ones. Readers are encouraged to focus on grasping the basics, as this chapter serves more as a resource to revisit when encountering specific challenges rather than a comprehensive guide. Despite its practical nature, the chapter maintains a pedagogical approach, ensuring clarity in each technique.
The topics covered span a broad range of common tasks in data analysis. These include creating frequency tables, working with logical operators, and transforming variables using mathematical functions such as logarithms and exponentials. Additionally, it addresses the pragmatic need to collapse variables into discrete categories and to create reusable transformations for consistent application across datasets. While the content may initially seem overwhelming, readers are reassured that mastery of every detail is unnecessary for progressing through the book. Instead, the focus is on building a toolkit for real-world data challenges, with this chapter serving as a valuable reference for practical, hands-on data manipulation.
8. Estimating unknown quantities from a sample
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Foxcroft David 
Published: January 2025

This chapter delves into the distinction between descriptive and inferential statistics, focusing on the latter’s aim of deriving knowledge about unknown population parameters from observed data. It introduces estimation theory, the first of two primary pillars of inferential statistics, following a foundational discussion on sampling theory. The chapter begins by exploring key concepts such as populations, samples, and the importance of sampling methods, distinguishing between random and biased sampling. Practical sampling methods such as simple random sampling, stratified sampling, snowball sampling, and convenience sampling are examined, with emphasis on their implications for statistical inference. The chapter underscores the criticality of understanding these concepts for designing studies and making valid inferences, noting that in real-world research, truly random samples are rare.
Building on this, the chapter explains the mathematical underpinnings of estimation through the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. These principles demonstrate how sample statistics approximate population parameters as sample sizes increase, and why the sampling distribution of the mean becomes normal irrespective of the population’s initial distribution. The chapter also discusses practical techniques for estimating population means, variances, and standard deviations, noting common biases and how to adjust for them. Finally, it introduces confidence intervals as a way to express the uncertainty associated with parameter estimates, distinguishing between frequentist and Bayesian interpretations. The content provides a robust framework for understanding how statisticians use data to estimate population characteristics and addresses foundational tools essential for applied research.
10. Categorical data analysis
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Foxcroft David 
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces the foundational concepts and methods of categorical data analysis, focusing on the chi-square (χ²) tests. It begins by exploring the theory and application of the χ² goodness-of-fit test, a statistical tool used to compare observed frequencies in categorical data against expected distributions under a null hypothesis. Through examples such as simulated randomness in human behaviour and card choice experiments, the chapter elucidates the importance of translating observed phenomena into statistical hypotheses. The mathematical notation, calculation of test statistics, and interpretation of results are explained in detail, including how to assess the rejection of null hypotheses and the role of degrees of freedom in shaping test outcomes. The chapter also describes how to undertake these analyses in jamovi.
In addition to the goodness-of-fit test, the chapter examines the χ² test of independence, which assesses relationships between two categorical variables. By employing contingency tables and statistical constructs, the text illustrates hypothesis formulation and testing in scenarios where category associations are analysed. Alternative methods, such as the Fisher exact test and McNemar test, are introduced to address specific challenges like small sample sizes and repeated measures designs. The chapter emphasises practical considerations, such as ensuring independence of data and sufficient expected frequencies, and provides guidance on reporting results with clarity and relevance. For further exploration, the text recommends resources for advanced study in categorical data analysis.
11. Comparing two means
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Foxcroft David 
Published: January 2025

In this chapter, we delve into the statistical techniques used to compare the means of two groups, particularly when the outcome variable is on an interval or ratio scale, and the predictor variable is binary. Such scenarios are prevalent in real-world applications across diverse fields like psychology, medicine, and agriculture. The primary focus is on the application of various forms of the t-test, including the one-sample, independent samples (Student and Welch), and paired-samples t-tests. These methods allow researchers to test hypotheses regarding mean differences between groups while considering key assumptions like normality and independence. Furthermore, the chapter introduces effect size metrics, particularly Cohen's d, as a measure of the magnitude of observed effects. Special attention is given to the interpretation of results, with clear guidance on reporting statistical outputs.
The chapter also explores practical methods for assessing the normality of data distributions, using tools like QQ plots and the Shapiro-Wilk test, and addresses the challenges posed by non-normal data. For such cases, nonparametric alternatives, including the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon tests, are presented. The importance of aligning statistical tests with research design is underscored, highlighting when one-sided versus two-sided tests are appropriate. Through comprehensive examples and practical insights, the chapter equips readers with a robust understanding of how to evaluate mean differences effectively and report findings in a scientifically rigorous manner.
Understanding Factors Behind Two Patterns of English /æ/ Adaptation in Russian
Authors: Laidler Kateryna 
Published: January 2025

Understanding Factors Behind Two Patterns of English /æ/ Adaptation in Russian
Phonological adaptation of loanwords usually involves the replacement of foreign sounds and phonemes with native ones. Since the front mid-low English vowel/æ/ is absent from the Russian phonetic inventory, in established borrowings from English into Russian it is most frequently nativised as two Russian vowels it resembles most, i.e. /ɛ/ and /a/, as in, for example, backhand /bɛkhɛnt/ and jazz /dʐas/. However, to the best of our knowledge, so far there has been no attempt to analyse the factors behind this phenomenon. The present paper aims to identify the major mechanisms and patterns of ash-adaptation in Russian and discuss their theoretical implications for the debate concerning the nature of the loanword adaptation process.
The analysis of established loans shows the complexity of the English /æ/ nativisation in Russian. Its outcome depends on a number of factors such as the source accent and the phonological context the target vowel occurs in. Furthermore, the results of the online adaptation experiment we report on, in which native speakers of Russian were asked to transcribe English words using the Cyrillic notation, present a strong argument in favour of phonologically-driven perception.

Zrozumienie czynników stojących za dwoma wzorcami adaptacji angielskiego /æ/ w języku rosyjskim
Fonologiczna adaptacja zapożyczeń zwykle polega na zastąpieniu obcych fonemów rodzimymi. Ponieważ angielska samogłoska przednia otwarta /æ/ nie występuje w zasobie fonetycznym języka rosyjskiego, w utrwalonych zapożyczeniach z języka angielskiego jest ona najczęściej zastępowana dwiema rosyjskimi samogłoskami, które najbardziej przypomina, tj. /ɛ/ i /a/, jak na przykład w słowach backhand /bɛkhɛnt/ i jazz /dʐas/. Jednak według naszej wiedzy jak dotąd nie podjęto próby analizy czynników stojących za tym zjawiskiem. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zidentyfikowanie głównych mechanizmów i wzorców adaptacji samogłoski /æ/ w języku rosyjskim oraz omówienie ich teoretycznych implikacji dla dyskusji dotyczącej natury procesu adaptacji zapożyczeń.
Analiza utrwalonych zapożyczeń pokazuje złożoność adaptacji angielskiego /æ/ w języku rosyjskim. Jej rezultat zależy od szeregu czynników, takich jak odmiana angielszczyzny, z której pochodzi zapożyczenie, a także kontekst fonologiczny, w którym występuje samogłoska docelowa. Co więcej, omawiane wyniki przeprowadzonego zdalnie eksperymentu, w którym rodzimi użytkownicy języka rosyjskiego zostali poproszeni o zapisanie angielskich słów przy użyciu cyrylicy, stanowią istotny argument za percepcją determinowaną fonologicznie.
Prognostic impact of primary versus secondary resistance to sorafenib in patients with HCC
Authors: Lei Jin , Dai Hongyuan , Zhang Ya , Ou Guangling , Peng Liang Zhi , Lu Yinying , Li Haiyang 
Published: January 2025

Background: Sorafenib is a first-line treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of sorafenib resistance type on patient survival prediction and choice of second-line treatment regimen is unknown. Objectives: This study aims to explore the factors predicting resistance in patients with HCC receiving sorafenib, the impact of resistance on survival, and the optimal second-line treatment regimen. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Methods: We recruited all patients with advanced HCC who received first-line sorafenib from January 2019 to January 2023 in two medical centers in China. They were divided into primary and secondary resistance groups according to tumor progression within 3 months. Resistance was the primary outcome of this study. The secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 424 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 165 patients (38.9%) in the primary group and 259 patients (61.1%) in the secondary group. The independent risk factors for primary resistance were alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 400 ng/mL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 40 U/L. Patients in the primary group had significantly shorter median OS than those in the secondary group (9.0 months vs 23.0 months, p < 0.001). Compared with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy, the use of TKI plus PD-1 inhibitor combination therapy as second-line treatment conferred a longer median PFS (6.0 vs 10.0 months, p < 0.001) and OS (13.0 vs 22.0 months, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Sorafenib has a high incidence of primary resistance and short survival in patients who develop primary resistance. AFP and ALT are influential factors in primary resistance, and it is valuable to use these two metrics to guide the use of sorafenib. As second-line therapy, a TKI plus PD-1 inhibitor regimen should be preferentially recommended.
Intra-Articular Administration of Ganglioside Sugars Protects Cartilage from Progressive Degeneration in an Instability OA Rabbit Model
Authors: Hamasaki Masanari , Onodera Tomohiro , Furukawa Junichi , Todoh Masahiro , Sakai Yuma , Ebata Taku , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Homan Kentaro , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: January 2025

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that has no cure, and current therapies are intended to minimize pain. There is, therefore, a need for effective pharmacologic agents that reverse or slow the progression of joint damage. We report herein on an investigation of the effects of intra-articular injections of ganglioside sugars on the progression of OA in an experimental rabbit model. Design Knee OA was induced Japanese in White rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Ganglioside sugars at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/ml were then intra-articularly injected as a possible treatment for OA. Controls received intra-articular injections of saline. Knees were assessed macroscopically, histologically, and mechanically at 13 weeks after ACLT induction. Results Macroscopically, knees of the groups that received ganglioside sugars at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.9 mg/ml exhibited milder cartilage degradation compared to the controls. Consistent with these results, histological scores for these knees were significantly higher than the corresponding values for the control knees. Lectin histochemistry staining revealed that the treatment with ganglioside sugars at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.9 mg/ml was associated with a remarkable increase in the levels of GalNAc-positive chondrocytes in cartilage. Coefficient of friction testing also demonstrated that cartilages treated with ganglioside sugars had a lower coefficient of frictions than the values for the control group. Conclusions Intra-articular injections of ganglioside sugars prevented cartilage degeneration in an OA-instability model. These results highlight the promising therapeutic potential for using ganglioside sugars in the treatment of progressive OA.
North American study and meta-analysis evaluating performance of Bladder EpiCheck®, a FDA cleared test, in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence
Authors: Fleshner Neil , Grossman Herbert Barton , Berglund Ryan , Hafron Jason , Inman Brant , Karsh Lawrence , Moses Kelvin , Saltzstein Daniel , Shah Anup , Wright Jonathan , Witjes Johannes Alfred , Lotan Yair 
Published: January 2025

Background Bladder EpiCheck (BE) is a novel methylation-based PCR urine test for the detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrences. Objective We present the results of a North American study evaluating BE and meta-analysis of literature. Methods A prospective, blinded, multicenter study was conducted in North America. Voided urine was collected from NMIBC patients prior to cystoscopic surveillance. BE testing was performed centrally. For the meta-analysis, a PUBMED search was performed to identify all published peer-reviewed clinical studies of BE for NMIBC surveillance. Results In this study, 674 patients were enrolled of which 449 were included. Overall sensitivity was 67% (95%CI 58%-74%), specificity was 84% (80%-88%), PPV was 65% (57%-73%) and NPV was 85% (81%-89%). For high-grade (HG) recurrence, sensitivity was 77% (65%-85%) and NPV was 95% (92%-97%). In patients with negative cystoscopy and cytology at the first study visit, risk of subsequent recurrence in 12 months was 5.3 (2.7–10.3) times higher in patients with positive BE vs. negative BE (p < 0.0001). In patients with negative cystoscopy and equivocal cytology, BE was positive in 75–89% of those with later HG recurrence, with PPV of 42% (15%-72%)-63% (38%-84%). The meta-analysis included 7 studies and 1564 patients. Overall sensitivity was 82% (66–92%), HG sensitivity was 91% (82–95%), specificity was 85% (80–88%), PPV was 60% (55–64%) and HG NPV was 98% (97–99%). Conclusions The consistently strong performance of BE indicate that a positive test could improve timely disease recurrence detection and a negative test could rule-out HG disease. Furthermore, the low rate of false positive results, potentially minimizes unnecessary downstream procedures and patient anxiety.