bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Green Tea Leaf extract and Evolution of Antibacterial activity
Authors: Kalakonda Parvathalu , Debbeta Naveen Kumar , Kathi Rajitha , Manduri Gopi Kishan , Bathula Naveen Kumar , Jadi Bhemarajam , Savu Ramu Naidu , L Merlinsheeba G , Mandal Pritam , Banne Sreenivas , Aitipamula Dayanand , Morampudi Vijay , Banavoth Murali , Eve Nainavinodini Sudarsanam , Podila Bala Bhaskar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The scientific society is exploiting the use of nanoparticles in nano-medicine, and biomedical applications. In the field of biomaterial and bio-nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are playing an important role due to their potential physical, chemical and biological properties ranging in activities from antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer treatment. Green synthesis technology is one of the most cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biologically safe methods. Green Tea leaf extract can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance antibacterial activity. In this work, we demonstrate antibacterial activity effect employing green synthesis of AgNPs with green tea leaf extract. The UV-Vis and FTIR results showed confirming the formation of AgNPs and the presence of chemical groups enhancing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with green tea leaf extract were crystalline with a quasi-spherical shape with a diameter from 30 to 150nm. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs in three different concentrations showed that 120mg/ml sample possesses higher ant-bacterial activity (significantly high killing ability) against E-coli than chemically produced AgNPs. These results confirm a more significant antibacterial effect of the biogenic AgNPs with low cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically. These findings can be used to treat chronic infections, diseases, and other biomedical applications.
Risk Assessment of Metal Contamination in Wastewater Drains of River Ghaggar in Punjab (India).
Authors: Kaur Harneet , Rajor Anita , Kaleka Amritpal Singh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in surface water is a worldwide concern. The wastewater drains are a major source of river pollution as these drains carry agricultural and domestic waste into the rivers. The aim of the present study was to assess levels of heavy metals in wastewater drains of the Ghaggar River in Punjab (India). To carry out this work, the water samples were collected in five different seasons. The concentration of five metals (lead, cadmium, iron, aluminium, and nickel) was determined through Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) technique. The data was interpreted through various environmental and human health risk assessments. The results of the current study revealed that lead, iron, and aluminium exceeded the permissible limit of the Central Pollution Control Board (India). The pollution indices such as the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), water pollution index (WPI), and degree of contamination (Cd) suggested enormous heavy metal contamination in the study area. The human health risk assessment also revealed that people dwelling near these drains are highly prone to cancer disease and hazard quotients were observed above the threshold limit that poses high non-carcinogenic risks. On the basis of the current study, recommendations are made for water quality improvement in the wastewater drains of Punjab. These drains are further responsible for enhancing pollution in the main rivers in the State of Punjab and heavy metal pollution also poses several environmental and health risks. The compiled data during the present study provides a baseline model that can be helpful in resource management for government authorities of Punjab state.
Pyrogallol enhances the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell (A2780) to cisplatin and induced miR-15a upregulation
Authors: Shirani Azin , Reiisi Somayeh , Shabani Leila 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Pyrogallol is a catechin compound, as an active ingredient extracted from Emblica officinalis, has anti-proliferative and antiapoptotic effects on a some of human cancer cells. Cisplatin is known as an effective chemotherapeutic agent against cancer by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. However, the effect of pyrogallol alone and in combination with cisplatin on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer has not yet been reported.
Methods
In the present study, ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 was cultivated, and the anticancer properties of pyrogallol and cisplatin determined by cell treatment of the two drugs separately and combination. Cell viability and apoptosis rate was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The effects of the compounds in inhibiting colony formation and migration were measured by colony formation and scratch methods.
Results
The results of the present study revealed that pyrogallol significantly inhibited the proliferation of A2780 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The combination treatment of pyrogallol and cisplatin exhibited a prominent inhibitory effect on the growth, colony formation and migration, and increased the induction of apoptosis up to 2.5 times compared to single treatments. Also, the qPCR results showed a significant increase in the expression of miR-15a and a decrease in the expression of miRNA target genes under treatment with the drugs both separately and in their combination.
Conclusion
This study suggests that the combination treatment of pyrogallol and cisplatin significantly increases the death of ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, it can boost the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce its side effects. It is hoped that the findings of the present study can provide a new perspective for pyrogallol as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Effect of multiple recycling on thermo-mechanical and rheological behaviour of PP/EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Burgoa Aizeti , Arriaga Alex , Schreier-Alt Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Driven by the need to design sustainable polymeric materials that remain superior mechanical properties after recycling, this work is centred on the effect of multiple recycling of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Among thermoplastic elastomers, TPVs combine several favourable characteristics such as damping, light weight, ease of processing by means of injection moulding, design flexibility and recyclability. Multiple processing of a commercially available PP/EPDM TPV by shredding and injection moulding was followed by analytical investigations on rheological and thermo-mechanical properties using melt rheological measurements, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and mechanical tests. The results show that key performance parameters of the TPV such as Young’s modulus, stress at 100% strain as well as stress and strain at break only change slightly. Stress at 100% strain can be used as a quality indicator as it decreases linearly with every recycling step. This study opens new opportunities to increase the content of recycled PP/EPDM TPV and even manufacture technical components with 100% recycled material.
Precise Estimation of Phase Center Variation of the Onboard GPS Antenna and Its Influence on POD for COSMIC-2
Authors: Kong Qiaoli , Chen Yanfei , Bai Qi , Han Jingwei , Wang Shi , Huang Yunqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
COSMIC-2 occultation meteorological observations can provide meteorological information at 50 degrees north and south latitudes to improve the accuracy of weather forecasting, especially for extreme weather (such as typhoon and rainstorm) forecasting. In order to ensure the smooth operation of COSMIC-2 satellite mission, it is necessary to achieve the precise orbit determination (POD) of COSMIC-2. In the processing of satellite borne GPS data, the error source of receiver antenna phase center error is very important. Based on GPS observation data, in orbit correction of the phase center variation (PCV) of the COSMIC-2 satellite borne GPS receiver antenna can improve the accuracy of satellite orbit determination. In this study, the PCV model is estimated in orbit using two methods, the direct method and the residual method, and the obits of COSMIC-2 satellites are determined by reduced dynamic method using the onboard GPS data. The orbit overlap comparison and the reference orbit comparison are used to evaluate the internal and external conformity accuracy, respectively, and the impact of the PCV model estimated by two methods on its precision orbiting are analyzed and compared. The results show that the orbit overlap validation accuracy is better than 1.27cm, 2.07cm and 1.05cm in radial (R), tangential (T) and normal (N) directions, respectively, and the root mean square (RMS) value in three-dimensional (3D) direction does not exceed 2.57cm without PCV model; the reference orbit comparison accuracy is better than 9.97cm, 13.34cm and 4.77cm in R, T and N directions, respectively, and the RMS value in 3D direction does not exceed 17.51cm. After adding the PCV models estimated by the direct method and the residual method, the RMS values of the orbit overlap comparison have the accuracy improvements of 2.5mm and 1.3mm in the 3D direction, and the RMS values of the reference orbit comparison are improved by 1.1mm and 2.1mm in the 3D direction, respectively.
Ferromagnetic Superconductivity in Two-dimensional Niobium Diselenide
Authors: Qu Tingyu , Jin Shangjian , Hou Fuchen , Fu Deyi , Huang Junye , Foo Chuan Darryl , Chang Xiao , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Lin Junhao , Adam Shaffique , Oezyilmaz Barbaros 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The co-existence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity becomes possible through unconventional pairing in the superconducting state. Such materials are exceedingly rare in solid-state systems but are promising platforms to explore topological phases, such as Majorana bound states. Theoretical investigations date back to the late 1950s, but only a few systems have been experimentally identified as the potential host. Here, we show that atomically-thin niobium diselenide (NbSe2) intercalated with dilute cobalt atoms spontaneously displays ferromagnetism below the superconducting transition temperature (T_C). We elucidate the origin of this phase by constructing a magnetic tunnel junction that consists of cobalt and cobalt-doped niobium diselenide (Co-NbSe2) as the two ferromagnetic electrodes, with an ultra-thin boron nitride as the tunnelling barrier. At a temperature well below T_C, the tunnelling magnetoresistance shows a bistable state, suggesting a ferromagnetic order in Co-NbSe2. We propose a Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida exchange coupling mechanism based on spin-triplet superconducting order parameter to mediate such ferromagnetism. We further perform non-local lateral spin valve measurements to confirm the origin of the ferromagnetism. The Hanle precession signals show spin diffusion length up to micrometres below T_C, demonstrating an intrinsic spin-triplet nature in superconducting NbSe2. Our discovery of superconductivity-mediated ferromagnetism opens the door to the alternative design of ferromagnetic superconductors.
Hoarding titmice predominantly use Familiarity, and not Recollection, when remembering cache locations.
Authors: Smulders Tom Victor , Douglas Laura Jane , Reza Daniel , Male Lucinda Helen , Thrush Alexander , Alix Amélie , Dodd Alexander de Guzman , Read Jenny C.A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Scatter-hoarding birds relocate their caches using spatial memory and have an enlarged hippocampus. Relocating a cache site could be achieved using either Recollection (a discrete recalling of previously experienced information) or Familiarity (a feeling of “having encountered something before”). In humans, these two processes can be distinguished using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. ROC curves for olfactory memory in rats have shown the hippocampus is involved in Recollection, but not Familiarity. We test the hypothesis that food-hoarding birds, having a larger hippocampus, primarily use Recollection to relocate their caches. We validate a novel method of constructing ROC curves in humans and apply this method to cache retrieval by coal tits (Periparus ater). Both humans and birds mainly use Familiarity in relocating their caches, with lower contribution of Recollection. This contribution is not significantly different from chance in birds, but a small contribution cannot be ruled out. Memory performance decreases with increasing retention interval in birds. The ecology of food-hoarding Parids makes it plausible that they mainly use Familiarity in the relocation of caches. The larger hippocampus could be related to associating cache contents and temporal context with cache locations, rather than Recollection of the spatial information itself.
Modified Altemeier procedure for incarcerated rectal prolapse--A Case Series
Authors: Zhai Yuze , Wang Benjun , Han Weiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Intrusive rectal prolapse is a rare emergency condition. Despite the numerous surgical options available, the clinical outcome is not promising.
Objective：To explore the efficacy of modified Altemeier procedure in the treatment of incarcerated rectal prolapse.
Design:We conducted a follow-up study of 12 patients with impaction rectal prolapse.
Settings:This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.
Patients:A total of 12 patients with impaction rectal prolapse were included in this study. All cases were treated with emergency surgery because of failed conservative treatment.A total of 12 patients, 11 males, and 1 female, were included in this study. Age was 24-82 (Med42.08±MD15.95) years, previous medical history was 3-40 (Med19.92±MD13.43) years, and time from onset to admission was 0.5-26 (Med7.96±MD8.03) h.
Interventions:Modified Altemeier procedure was performed in all cases.
Main outcome measures:The primary outcomes included Mortality, complication rates, time and severity of postoperative recurrence, changes in pre- and postoperative Wexner anal incontinence scores and ED-5Q-5L quality-of-life autonomy scores. Secondary outcomes included operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and length of hospital stay.
Results:During the 24-month follow-up period, no death or recurrence was observed in any of the patients. There was only one case of hemorrhage from the anastomosis on the fourth postoperative day, and the patient was discharged after receiving emergency suturing to control the bleeding. At the same time, all patients' quality of life scores dramatically increased and the postoperative Wexner anal incontinence scores were significantly lower.Finally,The intraoperative bleeding volume was 15-20 (Med20.83±SD7.71) ml; the operative time was 140-260 (Med172.50±SD57.70) min; and the hospital stay was 6-44 (Med16.75±SD9.61) d.
Limitation:First, embedded rectal prolapse has an acute onset and requires emergency surgery, so there is a lack of objective indicators such as preoperative and postoperative anal manometry; second, this disease is extremely rare and few cases were included in this study; finally, this study is a retrospective clinical study and may be biased.
Conclusions: The mortality, ecurrence rate, complication rates after the modified Altemeier procedure were better than the results of previous studies, which showed that this modified procedure was effective in reducing the mortality and complication rates of impaction rectal prolapse. At the same time, patients showed significant improvement in preoperative and postoperative anal function and quality of life, but the length of hospital stay was longer than previously reported in the literature.
Selfing species has greater genetic diversity and less structure than related outcrossing species due to seed dispersal and population history in Roscoea (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Shao Guo-Jun , Sork Victoria , Wang Ya-Li , Li Li , Chen Hong-Fan , Wang Wen-Jing , Huang Mei-Yuan , Li Qingjun , Zhao Jian-Li 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mating system is a crucial factor shaping the amount of genetic diversity and the fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), with selfing species usually having less diversity and stronger FSGS than outcrossing species. Such general conclusions resulted from comparisons among distant species, often neglecting consideration of co-effects of the population history, microhabitat and seed dispersal in different habitats. This study is based on two species of the genus Roscoea (Zingiberaceae) with contrasting mating systems to explore the FSGS. Using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in outcrossing Roscoea cautleoides (RC) and selfing R. schneideriana (RS) located in different habitats from same region, we compared genetic diversity, FSGS and historical population dynamics using outlier (non-neutral) SNPs and neural SNPs, integrating with field observation of seed dispersal distance. Roscoea cautleoides has lower genetic diversity and showed stronger FSGS than RS, which conflicted with the general expectations. Outlier SNPs exhibited significantly larger genetic diversity and genetic differentiations among individuals within population suggested adaptive divergence to different microhabitats. Both RC and RS experienced bottlenecks that are consistent with the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 kyrs) and the last second Glacial Maximum (~150 kyrs), respectively. Field investigation indicated seeds of RS were transported from stock plants by ant significantly further than seeds of RC. Our results indicate that seed dispersal, different historical population dynamics, and environmental heterogeneity can over-ride the initial impact of mating systems. This study remind us that collection of plant germplasm resources and ex-situ conservation should consider environmental heterogeneity within a population.
Research on Calibration of Moisture Diffusion Coefficient for Wood Drying Based on Drying Simulation
Authors: Qiao JiBing , Meng ZhaoXin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When wood is dried below the fiber saturation point, moisture primarily undergoes non-steady-state diffusion. To establish a foundation for wood drying, this study employs the non-steady-state method. The moisture diffusion coefficient of birch wood was determined under specific experimental conditions, based on a drying reference. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to validate the findings. The results show that under the combined influence of moisture content and temperature, the moisture diffusion coefficients of birch wood are 2.36×10− 5cm2/s,2.09×10− 5 cm2/s,1.88×10− 5 cm2/s and 1.63×10− 5 cm2/s. The integration of moisture diffusion coefficient calibration and wood drying simulation enables more precise prediction of moisture migration behavior in birch wood. The simulation results demonstrate that calibrating the moisture diffusion coefficients enhances the accuracy of wood drying simulation and offers valuable theoretical guidance for wood drying processes.
Single phase biotransformation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing cpsADH alcohol dehydrogenase
Authors: Ng Wenfa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biotransformation of organic substrates into organic products typically perform better with a two-phase system where the organic solvent such as n-hexadecane helps to solubilize the substrate and product. This work sought to test out the alternative approach of using a single aqueous phase to perform biocatalytic transformation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol via Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) expressing an ethanol utilisation pathway and cpsADH alcohol dehydrogenase. Ethanol is provided to the resting cells in 89 mM phosphate buffer to enable NADH cofactor regeneration needed by the cpsADH enzyme which converts acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol in one step with production of NAD+. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the samples taken at different timepoints of the experiment reveal successful conversion of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol based on peak area analysis. Specifically, there was progressive decline in acetophenone concentration and concomitant increase in 1-phenylethanol. Overall, the work provides initial observations suggesting the feasibility of single phase biocatalysis in enabling the biotransformation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol.
Arctic shipping trends during hazardous weather and sea-ice conditions and the Polar Code's effectiveness.
Authors: Müller Malte , Knol-Kauffman Maaike , Jeuring Jelmer , Palerme Cyril 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Arctic’s extreme environmental conditions and remoteness make it a complex and dynamic environment for maritime operators. We find that Arctic shipping has grown by 7% per year over the past decade, despite the hazardous weather and sea-ice conditions that pose risks to vessels operating in the region. As a result of a strong increase in winter sailing, the time ships operate in these extreme conditions has tripled in the past decade. To mitigate maritime risks, the Polar Code has been introduced. Among other things, it regulates Arctic shipping by specifying hazardous conditions with a sea-ice classification scheme and design temperature threshold. However, we argue that the Polar Code needs refinement through the integration of maritime warning systems and a broader description of hazardous conditions. This is supported by an analysis of shipping activity patterns in severe sea-spray icing conditions and a discussion of a recent sea-ice induced incident along the Northern Sea Route.
Distribution and flux assessment of microplastic debris in the middle and lower Chao Phraya River, Thailand
Authors: Jendanklang Poratape , Meksumpun Shettapong , Pokavanich Tanuspong , Ruengsorn Chakhrit , Kasamesiri Pattira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Microplastic (MP) debris is now a global concern. The Chao Phraya is the largest river in Thailand and transports MPs from terrestrial areas to the ocean. MP debris in its water and sediment were measured in March 2021, September 2021, and March 2022 in five provinces along the watercourse. Hydrological data were also collected to estimate the MP riverine flux between provinces. Size, shape, color, and types of MP polymers were observed, with sedimentation data collected for MP content. Results showed that MPs were found at all sample stations, with average abundance in all province water samples ranging from 0.54 ± 0.05 to 1.07 ± 0.28 pieces/L, while in sediment sample, numbers ranged from 183.84 ± 38.76 to 546.18 ± 86.84 pieces/kg dry weight throughout all seasons. Overall contamination and accumulation were similar between provinces but significantly different between seasons. Sizes of MPs in water varied between seasons with MPs in sediment mostly 330–5,000 μm (Kruskal–Wallis, P &lt; 0.05). Sedimentation of MPs was different between seasons (Kruskal–Wallis, P &lt; 0.05). The highest MP flux values discharged from Samut Prakan Province to the inner Gulf of Thailand were 1.83 × 105 and 1.60 × 105 million items/day in September 2021 and March 2022, respectively.