bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using discordant U-Pb zircon data to re-evaluate the El Paso terrane: Late Paleozoic tectonomagmatic evolution of east-central California (USA) and intense hydrothermal activity in the Jurassic Sierra Nevada arc
Authors: Clemens-Knott Diane , Gevedon Michelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantitative modeling of discordant detrital zircon U-Pb isotope data from the northern El Paso terrane reveals metamorphosed Laurentian passive-margin strata within the Kern Plateau (southeastern Sierra Nevada), resolving a 40-year-long debate regarding this terrane’s origin. Previous studies of Kern Plateau pendants identify deep-water metasediments containing detrital zir-con populations similar to the Roberts Mountains allochthon; yet structural observations seemingly contradict proposed correlations to the Mississippian Roberts Mountains thrust, which juxtaposes exotic deep-water rocks over shallow-water, passive-margin strata in central Nevada. Here, new samples are combined with published data to identify segments of the thrust within the Kern Plateau, demonstrating that the El Paso terrane was offset ~350 km by late Paleozoic sinistral translation along the braided Kern Plateau shear zone, an abandoned model first proposed more than 20 years ago.New U-Pb-Hf isotope data from plutons intruding the Kern Plateau shear zone are virtually identical to published data from the El Paso Mountains, indicating that the Sierra Nevada–Mojave arc initiated in the late Early Permian (ca. 274 Ma) along the entire length of the El Paso terrane and was active into the Middle Triassic (ca. 240 Ma). Previously implicated Late Triassic arc activity within the Kern Plateau is not corroborated by single-crystal U-Pb data. Published structural evidence indicating reactivation of the late Paleozoic Kern Plateau shear zone is reinterpreted as indicating sinistral-oblique relative plate motion during Permian arc initiation followed by Middle Jurassic extension in the southeastern Sierra Nevada arc, which facilitated intense hydrothermal activity and zircon lead loss.
Quantification of the hepatitis B virus cccDNA: evidence-based guidelines for monitoring the key obstacle of HBV cure
Authors: Allweiss Lena , Testoni Barbara , Yu Mei , Lucifora Julie , Ko Chunkyu , Qu Bingqian , Lütgehetmann Marc , Guo Haitao , Urban Stephan , Fletcher Simon P , Protzer Ulrike , Levrero Massimo , Zoulim Fabien , Dandri Maura 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesA major goal of curative hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatments is the reduction or inactivation of intrahepatic viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Hence, precise cccDNA quantification is essential in preclinical and clinical studies. Southern blot (SB) permits cccDNA visualisation but lacks sensitivity and is very laborious. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) has no such limitations but inaccurate quantification due to codetection of viral replicative intermediates (RI) can occur. The use of different samples, preservation conditions, DNA extraction, nuclease digestion methods and qPCR strategies has hindered standardisation. Within the ICE-HBV consortium, available and novel protocols for cccDNA isolation and qPCR quantification in liver tissues and cell cultures were compared in six laboratories to develop evidence-based guidance for best practices.DesignReference material (HBV-infected humanised mouse livers and HepG2-NTCP cells) was exchanged for cross-validation. Each group compared different DNA extraction methods (Hirt extraction, total DNA extraction with or without proteinase K treatment (+PK/−PK)) and nuclease digestion protocols (plasmid-safe ATP-dependent DNase (PSD), T5 exonuclease, exonucleases I/III). Samples were analysed by qPCR and SB.ResultsHirt and −PK extraction reduced coexisting RI forms. However, both cccDNA and the protein-free relaxed circular HBV DNA (pf-rcDNA) form were detected by qPCR. T5 and Exo I/III nucleases efficiently removed all RI forms. In contrast, PSD did not digest pf-rcDNA, but was less prone to induce cccDNA overdigestion. In stabilised tissues (eg, Allprotect), nucleases had detrimental effects on cccDNA.ConclusionsWe present here a comprehensive evidence-based guidance for optimising, controlling and validating cccDNA measurements using available qPCR assays.
Funding change: An environmental scan of research funders’ knowledge translation strategic plans and initiatives across 10 high-income countries/regions
Authors: Fahim Christine , Kasperavicius Danielle , Beckett Robyn , Quinn de Launay Keelia , Chandraraj Arthana , Crupi Amanda , Theivendrampillai Suvabna , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: January 2023

Knowledge translation (KT) is the science and practice of dissemination and implementation of evidence. We describe how research funders operationalize and evaluate KT initiatives, identify challenges and opportunities, and suggest strategic considerations for KT support. We conducted an environmental scan, which included a systematic search of published and grey literature and a focus group with Canadian funders. A total of 130 published articles and 2415 grey literature sources were screened; 212 unique data sources were included. Published literature commonly described KT initiatives related to “KT practice and science funding.” These initiatives commonly provided funds for infrastructure development (e.g., clinical technologies, database subscriptions) to facilitate translational or applied research to address regional health priorities. Of the articles, 44% outlined an evaluation plan; few provided validated KT metrics. In the grey literature, 364 initiatives were described; the most commonly described initiatives related to “exchange and integrated KT.” Focus group participants hoped to see increased resources to support KT, exchange opportunities with policy/decision-makers, and evaluate KT initiatives. Funders completed various KT initiatives, which tended to engage stakeholders to set research priorities, collaborate with a range of stakeholders, build KT capacity, and mandate KT requirements. We provide six considerations for funders to support KT.
Shedding Light on PARP Inhibitor Response through Functional Imaging
Authors: Liu Ying L. , Zamarin Dmitriy 
Published: January 2023

SummaryFunctional PET imaging using a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) analog may serve as an early, dynamic biomarker of response to PARPi therapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clinically, this could help to rapidly identify PARPi nonresponders, thereby maximizing efficacy and avoiding toxicities of futile treatments.See related article by Pantel et al., p. 1515
First record of the exotic Indothais lacera (Gastropoda, Muricidae) in Brazil
Authors: Pedro Natan Carvalho , Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes de 
Published: January 2023

Bioinvasions are one of the main causes of the decline of native biodiversity. Indothais lacera (Born, 1778) is a carnivorous gastropod, native to the Indo-Pacific. We present the first records of I. lacera on the Brazilian coast and the first record of this invasive species in the Western Atlantic. The specimens were found in two locations in the Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia state, northeast of Brazil. Live specimens were collected in the Itapagipe Peninsula, in Ribeira, Salvador, and dry samples (empty shells) were collected in the extreme north of Itaparica Island. Molecular analyses indicate that there was more than one event of introduction of I. lacera in the bay and alert to the potential impacts that this species can have on the benthic community in the region. We suspect that this exotic species is affecting a native population of Thaisella, which was previously locally abundant but has since become rare.
Taxonomic status of Tamarinus imperator subgrisescens (Lönnberg, 1940) (Cebidae, Callitrichinae)
Authors: Gregorin Renato , Athaydes Daysa , Santos Júnior José Eustáquio , Ayoub Tárik Bet 
Published: January 2023

The emperor tamarin, Tamarinus imperator, is composed of two subspecies, the nominal type, T. i. imperator, distributed between the Acre and Purus Rivers, whose range is limited between the Brazilian state of Acre and Peru are unbounded, and T. i. subgrisescens, occurring in Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, in the Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas. Morphologically, both taxa are easily identifiable by the pelage pattern (chromogenetic fields), and even being easily distinguishable, both lineages are considered subspecies according to the criterion based on the Biological Concept of Species from the 1970s, even without presenting some necessary criteria, such as the intergradation zone. Here we analyzed pelage traits, cranial morphometry, Cytochrome-b divergence, and distributional pattern data applying the premises of integrative taxonomy to elucidate the taxonomic status of both lineages. We hypothesize that both lineages are considered full species through a series of criteria for species recognition, such as distinguishability, level of phenotypical divergences of several morphological complexes with congruence among them, and some genetic divergence. The hybridization is unknown and the low or the lack of sampling in target areas does not allow us to determine whether a hybridization or even contact zone between the two lineages exists indeed. All character sets analyzed were congruent with each other and reinforced the high level of divergences between the two subspecies including several pelage differences, morphometry (descriptive statistics, PCA, and MANOVA), and mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome-b divergence. Most of the distribution in both lineages are allopatric, and the levels of intra-lineage phenotypical variation are much lower than between the lineages.
Improvement in Renal Function During the Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Relationship With Markers of Renal Tubular Injury and Prognostic Importance
Authors: Natov Peter S. , Ivey-Miranda Juan B. , Cox Zachary L. , Moreno-Villagomez Julieta , Maulion Christopher , Bellumkonda Lavanya , Shlipak Michael G. , Estrella Michelle M. , Borlaug Barry A. , Rao Veena S. , Testani Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Improvement in renal function (IRF) in acute decompensated heart failure is associated with adverse outcomes. The mechanisms driving this paradox remain undefined.

Methods:
Using the ROSE-AHF study (Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation–Acute Heart Failure), 277 patients were grouped according to renal function, with IRF defined by a ≥20% increase (N=75), worsening renal function by a ≥20% decline (N=53), and stable renal function (SRF) by a <20% change (N=149) in estimated glomerular filtration rate between baseline and 72 hours. Three well-validated renal tubular injury markers, NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), NAG (N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase), and KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule 1), were evaluated at baseline and 72 hours. Patients were also classified by the pattern of change in these markers.

Results:

Patients with IRF had the lowest admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (IRF, 37 [28 to 51] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
; worsening renal function, 43 [35 to 55] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
; and SRF, 43 [32 to 55] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
;
P
trend
=0.032) but greater cumulative urine output (IRF, 8780 [7025 to 11 208] mL; worsening renal function, 7860 [5555 to 9765] mL; and SRF, 8150 [6325 to 10 456] mL;
P
trend
=0.024) and weight loss (IRF, –9.0 [–12.4 to –5.3] lb; worsening renal function, –5.1 [–8.1 to –1.3] lb; and SRF, –7.1 [–11.9 to –3.2] lb;
P
trend
<0.001) despite similar diuretic doses (
P
trend
=0.16). There were no differences in the relative change in NGAL, NAG, or KIM-1 between renal function groups (
P
trend
>0.19 for all). Patients with IRF had worse survival than patients with SRF (27% versus 54%; hazard ratio, 1.98 [1.10–3.58];
P
=0.024).

Conclusions:
IRF during decongestive therapy for acute decompensated heart failure was not associated with improved markers of renal tubular injury and was associated with worsened survival, likely driven by the presence of greater underlying cardiorenal dysfunction and more severe congestion.
Virtual Environment Presentations: A Qualitative Exploration of User Perceptions
Authors: LeFebvre Luke , LeFebvre Leah E. , Allen Mike 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This exploratory study investigates virtual environments (VEs) as a treatment intervention for the fear of public speaking (FoPS). Prior preliminary studies indicate fear reduction following VE simulations with few investigations examining participants’ perspectives. Participants (N = 17) recruited from a public speaking course participated in a virtual reality 360° digital recording simulation that carbon copied the physical reality of their classroom and audience. Before and after immersion, participants completed open-ended responses about the simulation, pre- and post-public speaking fears, and VE public speaking experience. Using thematic analysis on the open-ended responses, researchers coded the responses to understand the communicative performance experience surrounding their VE public speaking simulation. Negative-valence emotions occurred for both presentations; however, participants expressed value in experiencing and overcoming the negative feelings. Based on the anecdotal (or clinical) findings, participants reported experiencing fears similar to those experienced in physical reality as well as emotional and behavioral interventions when engaged in the VE. Additionally, a one-year follow-up (N = 6) provided a reflective process for participants to recall their VE experience and implications beyond the physical simulation. These open-ended responses offered implications surrounding emotional reaction, real audiences, and the speechmaking process. The findings suggest mitigation of audience-related fears by the presence of the virtual audience with participants reoriented to focus on execution of speech delivery. This exploratory qualitative investigation builds toward a future of optimal strategies for using instructional technologies to improve public speaking competency.
The Time Scales of Climate Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols
Authors: Stjern Camilla W. , Forster Piers M. , Jia Hailing , Jouan Caroline , Kasoar Matthew R. , Myhre Gunnar , Olivié Dirk , Quaas Johannes , Samset BjØrn H. , Sand Maria , Takemura Toshihiro , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Wells Christopher D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The climate system responds to changes in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols through rapid processes, triggered within hours and days, and through slower processes, where the full response may only be seen after centuries. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms operating on time scales of hours to years to better understand the response of key climate quantities such as energy fluxes, temperature, and precipitation after a sudden increase in either carbon dioxide (CO2), black carbon (BC), or sulfate (SO4) aerosols. The results are based on idealized simulations from six global climate models. We find that the effect of changing ocean temperatures kicks in after a couple of months. Rapid precipitation reductions start occurring instantly and are established after just a few days. For BC, they constitute most of the equilibrium response. For CO2 and SO4, the magnitude of the precipitation response gradually increases as surface warming/cooling evolves, and for CO2, the sign of the response changes from negative to positive after 2 years. Rapid cloud adjustments are typically established within the first 24 h, and while the magnitude of cloud feedbacks for CO2 and SO4 increases over time, the geographical pattern of the equilibrium cloud change is present already after the first year. While there are model differences, our work underscores the overall similarity of the major time-varying processes and responses simulated by current global models and hence the robustness of key features of simulated responses to historical and future anthropogenic forcing.

Significance Statement
How does the climate system respond to a change in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases or aerosols? Some processes are rapid, responding within hours and days. Others are slow, and the full response to a forcing of the climate may only be seen after centuries. In this paper, we use six global climate models to investigate the time scales of climate responses to carbon dioxide, black carbon, and sulfate, focusing on key climate quantities, such as temperature, precipitation, and clouds. While there are ample model differences, our work underscores the overall similarity of the major time-varying processes and responses simulated by current global models and hence the robustness of key features of simulated responses to historical and future anthropogenic forcing.
Sensitivity to Localization Radii for an Ensemble Filter Numerical Weather Prediction System with 30-Second Update
Authors: Taylor James , Honda Takumi , Amemiya Arata , Otsuka Shigenori , Maejima Yasumitsu , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A sensitivity analysis for the horizontal localization scale is performed for a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system that uses a 30-s update to refresh a 500-m mesh with observations from a new-generation multiparameter phased array weather radar (MP-PAWR). Testing is performed using three case studies of convective weather events that occurred during August–September 2019, with the aim to determine the most suitable scale for short-range forecasting of precipitating convective systems and to better understand model behavior to a rapid update cycle. Results showed that while the model could provide useful skill at lead times up to 30 min, forecasts would consistently overestimate rainfall and were unable to outperform nowcasts performed with a simple advection model. Using a larger localization scale, e.g., 4 km, generated stronger convective and dynamical instability in the analyses that made conditions more favorable for spurious and intense convection to develop in forecasts. It was demonstrated that lowering the localization scale reduced the size of analysis increments during early cycling, limiting the buildup of these conditions. Improved representation of the localized convection in the initial conditions was suggested as an important step to mitigating this issue in the model.
3D Printing as a Planning Tool to Optimize Sinonasal Irrigation
Authors: Lepley Thomas J. , Kim Kanghyun , Ardizzone Melissa , Kelly Kathleen M. , Otto Bradley A. , Zhao Kai 
Published: January 2023

Background: Topical sinus irrigation plays a critical role in the management of sinonasal diseases. Yet, the penetration of irrigant to targeted sinuses may be highly variable and difficult to predict. Here, we investigate the use of 3D printing as a planning tool to optimize outcomes. Methods: Eight post-operative models were 3D printed with a FormLabs Form3 printer based on individual CT scans. Irrigations were performed and video recorded with a squeeze bottle attached via silicon water-tight seal, in 4 head positions: 45° to-the-side, 90° to-the-side, 45° forward and 45° to-the-side, and 90° forward, with irrigation fluid entering the upper (conventional) or lower (backfill) nostrils. Results: Significant individual variations were observed in sinus penetration as a function of head position. In general, the maxillary sinus was the easiest to irrigate in most head positions ( P < .05), followed by frontal and ethmoid, with sphenoid being the most difficult. Both the 90°-to-the-side and the 90°-forward positions were significantly more effective than the others ( P < .05), with 90°-forward better for frontal sinuses and 90°-to-the-side superior for all other sinuses. The backfill was significantly superior to conventional technique in head positions involving a side tilt ( P < .05). Conclusion: Variations in technique and position significantly impacted irrigation outcome. Backfill irrigation that pushes fluid against gravity to pool around the ostium, seems to provide overall better outcomes. This study demonstrates the advantage of 3D printing as a rapid planning tool to guide irrigation strategies.
HSV-2 infection and HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions in a cohort of HPV-vaccinated women living with HIV
Authors: McClymont Elisabeth , Tan Darrell HS , Bondy Suraya , Albert Arianne , Coutlée François , Lee Marette , Walmsley Sharon , Ogilvie Gina , Money Deborah 
Published: January 2023

Background Several co-factors for HPV oncogenesis have been proposed, including co-infection with HSV-2. We assessed the relationship between HSV-2 infection and HPV-related outcomes in quadrivalent HPV-vaccinated (qHPV) women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods In this multi-site study of immunogenicity and efficacy of the qHPV vaccine in WLWH, visits took place at months −3, 0, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and annually thereafter. Participants provided clinical data and cervico-vaginal swabs for HPV DNA detection; baseline serum was tested for HSV-2 type-specific antibodies. We used non-parametric statistics to compare HPV-related outcomes by HSV-2 serostatus and use of anti-HSV medication. Results 151 baseline serum samples underwent HSV-2 testing. At baseline, median age was 39 years, median CD4 count was 500 cells/mm3, and 70% had an HIV viral load of <50 copies/mL. Baseline HSV-2 seroprevalence was 76.2%. HSV-2 seropositivity was associated with increased age ( p = 0.006). Controlling for age and median CD4 count, HSV-2 seropositivity was not associated with HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions. The use of anti-HSV medications was associated with higher odds of HSIL cytology (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.03,11.26) and a greater number of HPV types detected (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00,1.39). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses using an index value of 3.5. The presence of HSV lesions during the study was not associated with HPV outcomes. Conclusions HSV-2 seropositivity was common in this cohort of WLWH in Canada but was not associated with multiple measures of HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions. However, the use of anti-HSV medications was associated with HSIL cytology and number of HPV types detected.
What Affects Startup Acquisition in Emerging Economy? Evidence from India
Authors: Das Khanindra Ch. 
Published: January 2023

Acquisitions of startup concern investors, cofounders, consumers, and competition watchdogs. With the rapid emergence of the startup ecosystem in India, the phenomenon of startup acquisitions has become noteworthy. In this article, startup exit through acquisition is examined using startup-specific data relating to funding, funding rounds, cofounders, brand name length, and gender of the cofounder. Startup exit is modelled through choice models on a sample of 903 startups. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the robustness check. The results suggest that venture capital funding increases the probability of acquisition. However, the number of funding rounds reduced the likelihood of acquisition significantly indicating that repeat funding has a positive impact on new venture continuity. There is a trade-off between the quantity and consistency of venture capital funding in affecting the likelihood of acquisition. The number of cofounders is associated with higher acquisition likelihood, and the brand name length had a negative impact on the probability of acquisition. Furthermore, there is a lower acquisition likelihood if the startup had a female cofounder. The findings bear implications for the quality of fundraising, startup team formation, branding, and women entrepreneurship. JEL Codes: G24, G34