bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health valuation protocol for dual discrete choice experiment (dual-DCE) surveys to estimate the effects of different scenarios and attributes on main effects
Authors: Craig Benjamin Matthew 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionA typical health preference study conducts a single discrete choice experiment (DCE). For example, a health valuation study may elicit preferences on an individual’s health-related quality of life along five EQ-5D-5L attributes (Mobility, Self-care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression). Using this protocol, researchers can conduct a dual-DCE survey (ie, with two different full-block DCEs completed sequentially). To demonstrate this protocol, we will conduct 12 dual-DCE surveys in two waves and estimate the effects of different scenarios and descriptive systems on main effects (ie, incremental differences in value between levels).Methods and analysisEach of the two DCEs in a dual-DCE survey equates to a stand-alone health valuation study. To demonstrate this protocol, each is an EQ-5D-5L valuation study, including d-efficient blocks of 15 kaizen tasks and 5 paired comparisons. In wave 1 (six surveys, 1000 US adults each), the two DCEs will differ by scenario (1-year episodes ending in recovery or death or no duration/ending described). In wave 2 (six surveys, 200 US adults each), the two DCEs will include the same 5 EQ-5D-5L attributes but differ by the number of additional attributes related to cognition: none, one composite attribute (memory/concentration) and two component attributes (memory, concentration). For each DCE, we will estimate a conditional logit model and test for differences in value using cluster bootstrap techniques. We hypothesise that the values will differ by scenarios and systems. As secondary analyses, we assess the effects of sampling, scenario/system order and DCE order.Ethics and disseminationThe independent review board (IRB) at Advarra determined that this research project (Pro00080475; 11 July 2024) is exempt from IRB oversight based on the Department of Health and Human Services regulations found at 45 CFR 46.104(d)(2). Furthermore, the IRB determined that the project is not subject to requirements for continuing review. To disseminate our findings, we will prepare multiple manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals and present highlights at scientific meetings, such as the EuroQol Plenary Meeting, International Academy of Health Preference Research and ISPOR.
Exploring the relationship between different modes of transportation and levels of physical activity among senior high school students of the University of Santo Tomas: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Manlapaz Donald , Sicat Zyra Mae , Engbino April Alexandra , Cervo Nyl Eiller Israel , Daquiz Jamil , Leung Dathan Nevin , Luciano Iana Mikhela , Wee Arianne Ysabelle 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionRapid changes in technology, communication and transportation prompted challenges in achieving the recommended level of physical activity. Although the students are returning for in-campus classes to promote more interaction and socialisation, the youth still fall short of living up to the desired level of physical activity. The mode of transportation plays a pivotal role in physical activity, yet its relationship is poorly elucidated. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between the types of transportation and the level of physical activity among senior high school students aged 16–18 from the University of Santo Tomas.Methods and analysisThis will be an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study design. Participants’ demographics and anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and hip and waist circumferences will be collected. To measure the variables of interest, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire will be used. Descriptive statistics will be used to characterise the samples using frequency, mean, median and SD, while inferential statistics such as analysis of variance for comparison and Pearson’s and Spearman for correlation will be used. All analysis will be done using IBM Statistical Packages for Social Sciences V.23 with the significant level set at alpha 0.05.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Santo Tomas—College of Rehabilitation Sciences Ethics Review Committee with the protocol number SI-2023–029. The study will comply with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Guidelines on Health-Related Social Research of the Philippine Health Research Ethics Board and the Data Privacy Act 2012. All results, regardless of outcome, whether positive or negative, will be accessible through publication and by reporting to the participant through email and other relevant authorities.
Prolonged versus single dose in penicillin oral challenge testing: protocols for a pilot and definitive randomised controlled trial (PROSPECTOR studies)
Authors: Ng Irvin , James Fiona , Copaescu Ana , Vogrin Sara , Mitri Elise , Rose Morgan , Sullivan Richard , Lane Michael , Legg Amy , Godsell Jack , Fernando Suran , Garvey Lene Heise , Sabato Vito , Li Philip , Peter Jonathan Grant , Trubiano Jason 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPenicillin allergy labels (PALs) are reported in 1 in 10 hospitalised patients globally and associated with inferior patient, hospital and microbiological outcomes; however, the majority are incorrect and should be removed. Direct oral penicillin challenge has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective method for the removal of PALs. However, the question of whether a single dose is sufficient to ascertain true allergy status remains unanswered, with some studies suggesting that extended challenges of 3 or more days are superior for the exclusion of delayed immune reactions. The aim of the PROSPECTOR studies was to determine the feasibility (PROSPECTOR-1) of a definitive trial (PROSPECTOR-2) to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of prolonged oral challenge (ie, 5 days) versus single-dose oral challenge in patients with a delayed or unknown penicillin allergy phenotype (PROSPECTOR-2).Methods and analysisA pair of double-blind two-arm parallel placebo-controlled trials will be undertaken—PROlonged versusSingle dose inPEnicillin oralChallengeTesting double-blind parallel group randomised placebo-cOntrolled tRial (PROSPECTOR Studies). Patients with a reported delayed or unknown timing penicillin allergy who have passed a supervised single-dose oral amoxicillin challenge (with or without prior skin testing/single or split dose) will be recruited. Informed patient consent will be granted for sites to recruit patients and collect routine clinical data. PROSPECTOR-1 will assess the safety and feasibility of a placebo-controlled trial for single-dose amoxicillin challenge versus 5-day prolonged oral challenge. PROSPECTOR-2 will assess the superiority of the 5-day prolonged oral challenge compared with single-dose amoxicillin challenge in excluding a delayed immune reaction. PROSPECTOR-2 will commence immediately post completion of PROSPECTOR-1 in a vanguard design, with adjustments to the projected sample size for superiority made following completion of PROSPECTOR-1. PROSPECTOR-2 will commence recruitment immediately following closure of PROSPECTOR-1; however, data from each trial will be analysed separately.Ethics and disseminationThese studies were reviewed and approved by the Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (PROSPECTOR-1: HREC/99740/Austin-2023 and PROSPECTOR-2: HREC/109785/Austin-2024). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberPROSPECTOR-1: ACTRN12623001242617 and PROSPECTOR-2: ACTRN12624001107516.
Availability, prices and affordability of self-monitoring blood glucose devices: surveys in six low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Ewen Margaret , Lepeska Molly , Abdraimova Aida , Besançon Stéphane , Cham Nguyen Thi Phuong , Dunganova Asel , Nguemeni Moise , Oldfield Lachlan , Tenorio-Mucha Janeth , Ramadaniati Hesty Utami , Vetter Beatrice , Beran David 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAccessing glucose meters, test strips, lancets and continuous/flash glucose monitoring devices for self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) is crucial for the management of diabetes. Yet little is known about access to SMBG devices in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsIn 2022/2023, facility-based surveys were undertaken in selected regions and sectors in Fiji, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Vietnam. Availability and patient prices were collected in public sector outlets (hospital dispensaries/clinics) and private pharmacies in the community by in-person visits (except in Mali where it was collected by phone). Data were also collected in medical device shops (Vietnam), online marketplaces (Indonesia) and online from device manufacturers.Availability was assessed as the percentage of outlets with the device in stock on the day of data collection. Median prices were calculated and reported in US dollars (US$). Affordability was assessed as the number of days’ wages needed by the lowest-paid unskilled government worker to purchase each device. The affordability of self-monitoring was then compared with that of insulin.ResultsSMBG devices were not generally provided to individuals for self-testing by governments in Fiji, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan and Peru. Public sector availability ranged from 0% to 57% (meters) and 0% to 53% (strips). In private pharmacies, availability was 31% to 100% (meters) and 39% to 100% (strips). Some large regional variations were seen within countries. Median prices for one meter ranged from US$15.62 to US$35.18. For one strip, median prices ranged from US$0.27 to US$0.56. Continuous/flash glucose monitoring devices were only found online at US$88–US$107 per sensor. Between 1.5 and 10.9 days’ wages were needed to purchase 1 meter, and 1.0–12.8 days’ wages for 50 strips. Online purchases of 1-month supply of continuous/flash device sensors required 15–65 days’ wages. The cost of self-testing exceeded the cost of human insulin vials/syringes. However, analogue prefilled pens/pen needles were often higher priced than the cost of self-testing.ConclusionPoor availability and high prices were found for SMBG devices which can impact diabetes management. Prices of meters, test strips and sensors were unaffordable. Pricing for these essential tools requires further investigation including cost of goods sold; government procurement prices and volumes; and price components in supply chains. Accessing SMBG devices must not be considered in isolation to accessing insulin. Governments need to include SMBG devices in their package of essential diabetes services. They must also support ongoing monitoring to ensure people are accessing SMBG devices.
Cultural adaptation and reliability of the Turkish version of the Children’s Assessment of Participation with Hands scale in children with physical disabilities
Authors: Cetin Sebahat Yaprak , Tonak Hasan Atacan , Kaya Kara Ozgun , Senol Hande , Kara Koray 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe ‘Children’s Assessment of Participation with Hands (CAP-H)’ scale is a parent report questionnaire that can be used to measure participation in life situations that require hand use for children with disabilities. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of a Turkish version of the CAP-H scale in order to evaluate the hand participation of children with physical disabilities and compare them with typically developing children.MethodsEvaluation was made of a total of 182 physically disabled children (8.53±3.94 years) and 90 typically developing children (9.40±3.04 years). The CAP-H scale was used to evaluate children’s hand participation, compare with typically developing children and to examine the reliability of the Turkish version. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were evaluated for internal consistency and test–retest reliability, respectively.ResultsCronbach’s alpha value used for all subscores was found to be excellent in all domains for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.84–1). According to the test–retest reliability, it was found to be perfectly reliable in all domains (ICC: 0.81–1). There was a significant difference in all items of CAP-H (p=0.00) except for participation in self-care, frequency of recreational activities and frequency of educational domain in favour of typically developing children.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that the Turkish translation of CAP-H is a reliable evaluation for children’s participation in life requiring hand use. In addition, hand participation of children with physical disabilities is lower compared with typically developing children.
Characterising airway inflammation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults with asthma and COPD
Authors: Young Nick , Chen Winnie , Chatterjee Shimul , Gelzinnis Scott , Latheef Aishath Lam’aan , Simpson Jodie , Wark Peter A B 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo examine airway inflammatory cell profiles in Indigenous Australian adults with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Design/settingA retrospective, cross-sectional study on data from a tertiary referral respiratory outpatient clinic.ParticipantsIndigenous (n=23) and non-Indigenous (n=71) adults were matched according to diagnosis, gender and age to the ratio of 1:3.Main outcome measuresParticipants were defined by self-determined identification as Indigenous (Aboriginal) or non-Indigenous. A relevant history was taken, and lung function was measured by spirometry. In those with a diagnosis of asthma, symptom control was assessed by the Asthma Control Questionnaire, six items (ACQ6). In those with a diagnosis of COPD, symptoms were assessed by the COPD assessment test (CAT). Airway cell counts were obtained in all groups from bronchial lavage (BL) cell count.ResultsLung function and inhaled corticosteroid dose were similar between groups. Current smoking was three times more common in Indigenous people (35%) compared with non-Indigenous people (12%, p=0.009). In participants with asthma, ACQ6 scores were similar between Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants with asthma. In those with COPD, Indigenous participants had significantly higher total CAT scores as well as scores for cough and sputum with a score indicating a high impact on quality of life (CAT score ≥14, 85%–25%, p=0.017). There was no difference in BL cell differential counts.ConclusionsIndigenous people with COPD had higher smoking rates, worsened CAT scores and more symptoms of cough and sputum production. There were no differences between the groups in airway inflammation, but neutrophilic inflammation was associated with poorly-controlled asthma.
Prospective analysis of injury demographics, distribution, severity and risk factors in adolescent climbers
Authors: Schöffl Volker Rainer , Schöffl Isabelle , Jones Gareth , Klinder Annett , Küpper Thomas , Gunselmann Lukas , Simon Michael , Moser Othmar , Bayer Thomas , Lutter Chris 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aims to prospectively analyse current demographics, distribution and severity of climbing injuries in adolescents. We hypothesised that the injury distribution of adolescent climbers would differ from adults, as presented in the literature and that primary periphyseal stress injuries of the finger (PPSI) will be very common and correlate with training hours and climbing level.MethodsWe performed a prospective single-centre injury surveillance of all adolescent (<18 years of age) climbers who presented between 2017 and 2020. A standard questionnaire, including questions for medical history, injury and training data and an examination protocol, was conducted in all patients. Injuries were graded, and risk factors, anthropometric specifics and stages of development were analysed. Injury epidemiology of adolescents was then compared with adults as presented in the literature.Results137 independent climbing-related injuries were found in 95 patients. Injury onset was acute in 67 (48.9%) and chronic in 70 (51.8%). Forty-one injuries (29.9%) occurred during bouldering, 18 (13.1%) during lead climbing, 2 (1.5%) in speed climbing and 1 (0.7%) while training on the campus board. Average International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation injury score was 1.5±0.5 (range 0–3). Females had more training hours (p=0.004), more campus board use (p=0.004) and more acute injuries than males (p<0.001). 82% of the injuries affected the upper extremity and the most frequent injury was PPSI (45.3% of all injuries). Finger injuries were significantly more common in males than in females (p<0.05). The injury distribution in adolescent climbers differed significantly from adults (p<0.001).ConclusionsInjured adolescent climbers had mostly chronic injuries affecting the upper extremity, with almost half of the injuries being PPSIs of the fingers. Further preventive measures targeting this type of injury need to be identified. Reducing the use of the finger crimp grip, monitoring the load, ensuring adequate recovery and targeted education appear to be crucial.
Time-loss and recurrence rate of lateral ankle sprains in male professional football players depending on the severity grade: do we trivialise LAS?
Authors: Flore Zacharias , Hambly Karen , De Coninck Kyra , Welsch Götz 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesLateral ankle sprains (LAS) are among the most common injuries in professional football (soccer). Despite this, the severity and possible long-term consequences of LAS remain trivialised. This multicentre observational study in German elite football provides insights into time-loss and recurrence rates after LAS. Time-loss and recurrence rates are outcome measures vital for the future evaluation of rehabilitation protocols.Methods798 male football players representing 34 teams from 13 professional German football clubs participated in this study during the 2021–2022 season, followed by a 12-month follow-up period. Data collection and reporting were carried out in accordance with the UEFA recommendations for the standardised collection of data on football injuries. Time-loss, recurrence rate and standardised severity grades (I–III) after LAS were recorded for professionals, U23, U19 and U17, respectively.ResultsA total of 187 ankle injuries were reported, with 115 out of the total being analysed. The overall time-loss was 29.89 days, with significant differences between youth elite players and professionals (32.96 vs 15.53 days lost; p<0.001). Professional players demonstrated the shortest time-loss in all LAS injury grades. Time-loss decreased with advancing age (R2=0.03,F(1, 106)=3.16, p=0.078). Grade I LAS’s time-loss differs significantly from grades II and III (p<0.001). A recurrent LAS was recorded in 34 players. The overall LAS recurrence rate was 25.6%.ConclusionThis study provides data on time-loss and recurrence, which serve as reference values for future evaluation of rehabilitation concepts after LAS in elite football players.
Multicentre randomised controlled trial of a self-assembling haemostatic gel to prevent delayed bleeding following endoscopic mucosal resection (PURPLE Trial)
Authors: Drews Jan , Zachäus Markus , Kleemann Tobias , Schirra Jörg , Cahyadi Oscar , Möschler Oliver , Schulze Christian , Steinbrück Ingo , Wedi Edris , Pech Oliver , Weismüller Tobias J , Küllmer Armin , Abdelhafez Mohamed , Wedemeyer Jochen , Beyna Torsten , Riedel Julian , Halm Ulrich Paul , Güther Carola , Vasapolli Riccardo , Torres Reyes Christian , Quast Daniel R , Bachmann Oliver , Dedonaki Erini , Ulrich Jörg , Marchuk Inna , Frahm Christina , Steffen Tanja , Wohlmuth Peter , Bunde Torsten , Geßler Nele , von Hahn Thomas 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundProphylactic application of a haemostatic gel to the resection field may be an easy way to prevent delayed bleeding, a frequent complication after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate if the prophylactic application of a haemostatic gel to the resection field directly after EMR can reduce the rate of clinically significant delayed bleeding events.DesignWe conducted a prospective randomised trial of patients undergoing hot-snare EMR of flat lesions in the duodenum (≥10 mm) and colorectum (≥20 mm) at 15 German centres. Prophylactic clip closure was not allowed, but selective clipping or coagulation could be used prior to randomisation to treat intraprocedural bleeding or for prophylactic closure of visible vessels. Patients were randomised to haemostatic gel application or no prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was delayed bleeding within 30 days.ResultsThe trial was stopped early due to futility after an interim analysis. The primary endpoint was analysed in 232 patients (208 colorectal, 26 duodenal). Both groups were comparable in age, sex, comorbidities and lesion characteristics. Preventive measures, such as selective clipping or coagulation, were applied prior to randomisation in 51.9% of cases, with no difference between groups. Delayed bleeding occurred in 14 cases (11.7%; 95% CI 7.1% to 18.6%) after Purastat and in 7 cases (6.3%; 95% CI 3.1% to 12.3%) in the control group (p=0.227), with no difference between colorectal and duodenal subgroups.ConclusionThe application of a haemostatic gel following EMR of large flat lesions in the duodenum and colorectum does not reduce the rate of delayed bleeding.
Explosive Ordnance Risk Education boosts interpersonal discussion to increase safe behavioural intentions in Afghanistan
Authors: Paskuj Benedek , Zaki Mahdi , Zsila Ágnes , Bailey Nicola , Orosz Gábor 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundExplosive remnants of war claim more than three lives every day in Afghanistan. This study evaluates the impact of BBC Media Action Afghanistan’s Explosive Ordnance Risk Education project in raising public awareness and promoting safe behaviours regarding explosive ordnances in Afghanistan. The project deployed a multimedia approach to reach a mass audience, including a radio discussion show, public service announcements on TV and radio, social media content and playing content on intercity buses.MethodsA panel study with 400 participants from high-risk provinces assessed knowledge, discussion and behavioural intentions related to explosives before and after a mass media intervention. In the broadcast period, the research unobtrusively monitored the dosage of exposure to the media content.ResultsFindings from the panel study indicated a significant increase in discussions about explosive risks and safer behavioural interventions (e.g. avoiding and reporting explosive ordnances) post intervention.ConclusionThe results constitute one of the first pieces of systematically collected evidence on media and communication’s potential in explosive risk education by facilitating interpersonal discussion and in turn change of behavioural intentions in areas contaminated by explosive ordnances and remnants of war.