bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep quality and mental health among medical students in Imphal, Manipur: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Laishram Jalina , Fernandez Sandra , Devi Pangambam A. , Bhowmick Mani R. , Heigrujam Roshnee , Devi Hanjabam S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sleep and mental health are deeply interlinked, with poor sleep quality, a common issue among medical students, having a profound impact on their mental well-being.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Imphal, Manipur. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation test were applied, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 425 respondents took part in the study, including 268 undergraduate and 157 postgraduate students. Most participants, 236 (55.5%) had poor sleep quality. Among the participants, 168 (39.5%) had depression, 167 (39.3%) had anxiety, and 95 (22.4%) had stress. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with academic year among undergraduate students (P = 0.005), increased total screentime per day (P = 0.024), and increased screentime before sleep (P = 0.007). Depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.001), the undergraduate course being pursued (P = 0.001, 0.003, and 0.001), and increased screen time before sleep (P = 0.021, 0.046, and 0.039). Depression, anxiety and stress scores had a significant positive correlation with the global PSQI score.

Conclusion:
More than half of the participants experienced poor sleep quality, with four out of ten experiencing depression or anxiety, and two out of ten experiencing stress. Hence, medical institutes must implement sleep hygiene education and screen time reduction initiatives to enhance students’ sleep quality and overall well-being.
Estimation of the pattern of ocular manifestations, risk factors, and imaging of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Budhiraja Grace , Bhumbla Upasana , Kaur Manjot , Sharma Vandana , Gupta Priyanka , Singla Ritesh , Goel Akashdeep , Gupta Ekta , Dahiya Priyanka 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To estimate the pattern of ocular manifestations, as observed clinically and radiologically, and associated risk factors in cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) during the second wave at presentation to the hospital in northern India.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 35 patients of ROCM associated with active cases of COVID-19 or recovered cases of COVID-19 presenting to the Ophthalmology outpatient department or admitted in the COVID ward of the hospital with clinical features suggestive of ROCM. They were confirmed as mucormycosis on KOH and fungal cultures of nasal scrapings and histopathology of debrided tissue. This is an ambispective study with retrospective medical records review for COVID-19 analysis and prospective assessment of ROCM-associated COVID-19 during the second outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
The total patients included were 35, which ranged in the age group of 52.91+/- 11.93 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 24:11. The duration between the first positive COVID report and onset of COVID-19-associated ROCM was 9.46+/-11.63 days. The majority (82.9%; n-29) either were diabetics or had high blood glucose levels during the recent COVID-19 infection. 45.7% of patients gave a history of steroid therapy. The most common ocular clinical features were ptosis (80%) and loss of vision 48.7%, respectively. There was diffuse involvement of sinuses in 18 cases (51.4%). Staging based on magnetic resonance imaging scans showed that 7 (20%) had stage II, 20 (57.1%) had stage III, and 28.7% had stage IV disease. Ten patients had varied intracranial extension ranging from meningitis and cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis/thrombosis to brain abscess.

Conclusions:
COVID-associated ROCM was very rapidly spreading and more destructive. Ptosis and loss of vision related to third nerve involvement and CRAO, respectively, were alarming signs and bad prognostic indicators to the patient. Intracranial involvement and CRAO were poor prognostic features in this type of mucormycosis.
Understanding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccine acceptance in college-going students: Institutional-based cross-sectional study from Bihar State
Authors: Krishna Ekta , Patil Shreyas Kumar , Nirala Santosh Kumar , Naik Bijaya Nanda , Kumar Vijay , Singh Chanda Mani , Kumar Vijay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Indian women, constituting a significant public health problem. Improving knowledge regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccines will help in increased vaccine acceptance and prevention of cervical cancer.

Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 801 college-going students of Patna, Bihar, using a predesigned, semistructured, self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 20 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software.

Results:
A total of 801 students participated in the study, and the mean (SD) age was 20.6 ± 2.2 years. The knowledge of students in the medical group was found to be higher than that in the nonmedical group. In the medical group, 93% of the students were aware of cervical cancer versus 71.3% students in the nonmedical group. Awareness regarding the etiological role of HPV in cervical cancer was 84.3% in the medical group compared to 16% in the nonmedical group. Most (82.5%) medical students knew of the existence of a vaccine against HPV in contrast to just 12.5% of the nonmedical group. Willingness to take the vaccine in the medical group was 84.3% versus 46.5% in the nonmedical group. Willingness to pay for the vaccine was reported by 55.6% and 7.5% in the medical and nonmedical groups, respectively.

Conclusion:
The comparative results of the two groups identified specific areas where awareness campaigns should be intensified for both medical and nonmedical groups. This study further highlighted nonmedical students, which also represents the general population has very less knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine. The findings emphasize the importance of awareness campaigns and educational interventions to improve understanding and vaccine uptake among potential beneficiaries.
Why women refuse Postpartum IUCD?
Authors: Upadhye Jayshree J. , Parate Smita K. , Upadhye Aditi J. , Zade Rasika D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Women are highly motivated and receptive to accepting family planning methods during the antenatal period. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the refusal rate and reasons for the refusal of postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (PPIUCD).

Material and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at a tertiary Care Centre, on 400 antenatal women from November 2023 for 2 months.

Results:
In present study, 331 (82.8%) subjects were knowing condom as contraceptive, followed by 310 (77.5%) subjects knowing about copper T. 282 (70.5%) subjects were knowing tubectomy, 264 (68.5%) were knowing oral contraceptives, 264 (66%) were knowing vasectomy, 205 (51.2%) were knowing natural methods, 179 (44.8%) were knowing injectable contraceptive, 83 (20.8%) were knowing Saheli, and 27 (6.8%) subjects were not knowing any contraceptive method. In total, 185 (46.5%) subjects knew that Copper T could be inserted immediately after delivery followed by 83 (20.9%) who knew that copper T could be inserted after menses. Sixty-nine (17.3%) knew that copper T could be inserted during a cesarean section. A total of 352 (88%) subjects refused postpartum copper T as a method of contraception. Only 48 (12%) subjects were willing to insert postpartum copper T. After counseling, the rate of acceptance of copper T insertion increased from 48 (12%) to 102 (25.5%).

Conclusion:
Knowledge of PPIUCD in the present study was good, but the refusal rate was high. The commonest reason was fear of side effects.
Assessment of asymptomatic fungal infections in COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative pneumonia: A comprehensive epidemiological analysis
Authors: Mishra Dheerendra Kumar , Kushwaha Pramod , Gangwar Pooja , Singh Ajeet , Singh Umesh Pratap 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the impact of secondary fungal infections on patient outcomes. This single-center study explores asymptomatic fungal infections in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pneumonia cases, elucidating the intricate relationship between viral respiratory illnesses and fungal co-infections.

Methods:
Conducted at a single center, this cross-sectional study examines the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications of asymptomatic fungal infections in patients with COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pneumonia. Various demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed.

Results:
Fungal infections were significantly more prevalent in COVID-19 positive pneumonia cases (60%) compared to COVID-19 negative pneumonia cases (36%), with a notable P value of 0.016309. Furthermore, COVID-19-positive patients exhibited distinct clinical characteristics, including increased use of remdesivir (94%), higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (36%), and a prolonged hospital stay (14.29 days).

Conclusion:
This study sheds light on the heightened vulnerability to asymptomatic fungal infections in COVID-19-positive pneumonia cases. Understanding these infections prevalence and their associated factors is crucial for comprehensive patient care and may influence treatment strategies, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in viral respiratory illnesses.
Pattern of edible oil consumption and practice of reuse: A health concern
Authors: Saoji Ajeet , Saoji Prachi , Hajare Shilpa , Dharmadhikari Pranita 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
The per capita consumption of edible oil in Indian households has risen substantially in the last decade contributing to the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Increasing prevalence of reuse of edible oil for frying is an unhealthy practice, as it gives rise to formation of free radicals and other harmful agents. Hence, present study highlights the pattern of edible oil consumption and practice of reuse among the families along with the influencing factors while purchasing edible oil.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among 172 families of third year MBBS students belonging to different socio-demographic and cultural background. A predesigned pretested questionnaire was administered to the families preferably to the mother. The details regarding consumption and reuse of the edible oil were asked.

Result:
A total of 172 families of third year MBBS students participated in the study which comprised of 672 family members. The quantity of oil consumed was estimated to be 13.64 kg/capita/year. Majority 80% of the respondents revealed that they reuse leftover oil after frying for other cooking purposes. Groundnut and soybean were the most preferred edible oil.

Conclusion:
According to study findings, consumption of edible oil at domestic level has increased along with the reuse of leftover oil. The increased consumption can be one of the important risk factors for increase in prevalence of non-communicable diseases which is a health concern. There is a need for the increase in awareness about use of edible oil through promotional activities for effective education of general public regarding prevention of NCDs.
Family adoption program (FAP) as a learning tool—perceptions of students and faculty of community medicine
Authors: Chepuru Rajyalakshmi , Sushma Kuppli Sai , Vadlamani Sarada , Manasa Rongala V. , Vennam Bodhi Srividya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The family adoption program, a newer initiative in the medical education curriculum, provides a learning opportunity toward community-based health care to Indian Medical Graduates. However, it has its own challenges and opportunities. The Objective of the study is to understand the perceptions of faculty and students regarding this program.

Material and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among the faculty of Department of Community Medicine and phase 1 medical undergraduates of the selected medical colleges. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered in Google Forms. The responses received from the participants in Google Forms were retrieved and analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS version 25.

Results:
About 48 faculty of designation ranging from senior resident to professor participated in the study. A total of 190 students in phase 1 MBBS participated in the study. Out of 150 students, 86 (44%) were from private medical colleges and 104 (55%) were from government medical colleges. The perception of the faculty and students regarding FAP was taken in a Likert scale. Most of them agreed that it is a good academic tool to learn communication skills, identify health problems in the community and various determinants of health, develop creative thinking and reasoning. The faculty mentioned that they faced challenges in arranging logistics. The faculty also made some recommendations to improve the program.

Conclusion:
The current study showed despite the challenges faced during the implementation of the FAP program, it will empower the students and faculty for better training, community-oriented research, and community-oriented medical education in the long run.
Early experiences of patellofemoral arthritis symptoms: A qualitative study in Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Heta R. , Balaganapathy M. , Serasiya Bipin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
This qualitative study aimed to explore the early experiences of individuals with patellofemoral arthritis in the Indian context.

Method:
The study was conducted in Gujarat, India, with 14 participants, recruited from regional orthopedic outpatient departments. They were interviewed either in person or online using the Zoom platform, with an expert clinician using a semistructured interview guide in the vernacular language.

Results:
A scoping review was conducted to find the reported symptoms of the condition, which were identified as anterior knee pain, crepitus, pain while sitting down, walking uphill, and kneeling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, where four domains of initial symptoms of patellofemoral arthritis were identified: pain, crepitus, stiffness, and difficulty in functional activity. The findings suggest that pain was the primary concern for participants in the Indian context, and initial symptoms are highly affected by individual preferences.

Conclusion:
Acknowledging initial symptoms and measuring their severity must be taken into consideration to improve the prognosis of the condition.
Health profile assessment of school children of Jodhpur District of Rajasthan
Authors: Shafi Shazia , Raghav Pankaja , Naveen K H , Chowdhary Yachana , Pundhir Ashish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
The health and nutritional status of young children is an index of national investment within the development of its future manpower. There is a limited data available on health profile among adolescents in India. Thus, this study was undertaken with the target of assessing the nutritional status and morbidity pattern of school children Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The objectives of this study were to assess the health profile including general physical examination, anthropometric measurements, morbidity pattern and addiction among school-going children of Jodhpur.

Material and Methods:
A school-based observational cross-sectional study was carried out among the nearby schools pertaining to our urban and rural health centres associated with the Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur.

Result:
A total of 525 school children participated in the study. On general physical examination, it was observed that the majority (4.1%) of the school children from rural area were seen with ‘flag sign’ in comparison with those in urban region. Fluorosis was observed in the majority (60.2%) in rural schools in comparison with urban and this was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). The majority (21, 0.04%) of them were suffering from hearing loss, among them (13,61.9%) were from rural area in comparison with (08, 38.1%) in urban and this difference was found to be statistically significant. (0.000*). Anaemia was observed in (210, 40.0%) of the school children.

Conclusion:
The study brings out the need for intensified and targeted school health awareness programmes for school-going children and utilization of various services.
Efficacy of Class IV LASER Therapy and Sensory Re-education in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Khadayat Sarita , Kumar Ankit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of chronic diabetes mellitus, which is prevalent worldwide. We intend to measure the result of class IV LASER therapy (LT) and sensory re-education (SR) in improving sensory levels in patients with DN. The neurological physiotherapist assessed the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the tibial and peroneal nerves on the 50-year-old female patient, who had been diagnosed with DN by her primary care neurologist. Monofilament testing was conducted on 10 locations on the dorsal and plantar aspects of both feet. Following that, class IV LT was administered to the right leg and SR was applied to the left. After the treatment procedure, again monofilament testing was performed, and NCV was also carried out. Baseline data of monofilament testing was 8/10 points on the bilateral leg and post-intervention was 10/10 points on the right leg and 9/10 points on the left leg. Pre- and post-intervention changes in electrophysiological parameters of the tibial and peroneal nerve were recorded. This case report emphasizes the role of class IV LASER and SR in patients with DN and SR, which improve the sensory function of the lower limb. Class IV LT and SR provide an effective treatment protocol for treating symptoms in patients with DN as well as to regain sensation of lower limbs in patients with DN.
Effect of Yoga on Cognitive Enhancement in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Poongothai Subramani , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Swetha Karthikeyan , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing health concern, currently affecting over 537 million adults and projected to rise significantly in the coming decades. In India alone, approximately 101 million individuals are impacted. Beyond the well-documented complications such as retinopathy, kidney disease, and cardiovascular issues, recent studies highlight a concerning association between T2DM and cognitive decline, with prevalence rates of cognitive impairment ranging from 21.8% to 45%. This decline, if unrecognized, can complicate diabetes self-management, leading to poor glycemic control, and increased health risks. This review synthesizes existing literature on the cognitive health of individuals with T2DM and examines the potential of yoga as a therapeutic intervention. Yoga, an ancient mind–body practice, incorporates physical postures, breath control, and meditation, which have been shown to enhance cognitive function by reducing stress, promoting brain plasticity, and improving glucose regulation. The study discusses specific yoga practices that may benefit cognitive health in T2DM patients and suggests their integration into clinical diabetes care. The findings advocate for holistic approaches, such as yoga, to foster cognitive resilience and enhance overall well-being in individuals managing T2DM. Cognitive impairment in T2DM: Cognitive decline among T2DM patients is a growing concern, with studies indicating a wide range of impairment rates. Factors contributing to this decline include chronic hyperglycemia, vascular damage, and neuroinflammation. Recognizing cognitive impairment in this population is vital for timely intervention, yet routine cognitive screening remains rare in diabetes care settings. The role of yoga: Yoga offers a promising, integrative approach to enhancing cognitive health among T2DM patients. This review suggests that yoga can reduce stress and anxiety, which are known to adversely affect cognitive function. Specific practices, such as mindfulness meditation, asanas, and pranayama, have demonstrated benefits in improving attention, memory, and overall cognitive performance. Furthermore, yoga’s influence on physical health such as improved glycemic control also indirectly supports cognitive function.
Gender Differences in Nerve Conduction Parameters of Upper Limb Nerves in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Study
Authors: Waghmare Lalitbhushan Shrikrishna , Waghmare Tripti Lalitbhushan , Ambad Ranjit Sidram 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are essential diagnostic tools for evaluating peripheral nerve function. The influence of gender on nerve conduction parameters, such as conduction velocity, latency, and amplitude, remains a topic of interest. Previous studies have suggested gender differences in nerve conduction but have not provided definitive conclusions.

Objective:
This study aims to compare the nerve conduction parameters of the upper limb nerves (median, ulnar, and radial) in healthy male and female adults.

Material and Methods:
A total of 100 healthy adults (50 males and 50 females) were selected for this study. NCSs were performed on the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, measuring parameters including conduction velocity, latency, and amplitude.

Results:
The male group exhibited significantly faster conduction velocities, shorter latencies, and higher amplitudes compared to the female group. The median nerve showed the most pronounced gender differences in conduction velocity.

Conclusion:
Gender differences in nerve conduction parameters were evident, with males showing faster conduction and higher amplitude. These differences should be considered in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of NCSs and diagnosis.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Associated Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: A Case Report from North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ogunkunle Taofik Oluwaseun , Ibrahim Tajudeen Lanre , Bello Surajudeen Oyeleke , Embugushiki Victor Adigidzi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of inherited disorders of connective tissue characterized by increased bone fragility. The disease can manifest in a range of severities, from mild cases with few fractures and minor skeletal deformities to severe forms that may result in stillbirth or birth with multiple fractures and other complications. We report a case of OI (probably type III) with concomitant ostium secundum atrial septal defect in an 8-day male neonate who had no family history of the disease from North Central Nigeria. The baby had progressive respiratory distress with hypoxia from the 2nd day of life. He was managed conservatively, discharged after 7 days of hospitalization, and remained clinically stable on follow-up visits. This is to highlight the sporadic occurrence of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), its co-occurrence with congenital heart disease, and the challenges in providing care.