bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional connectivity of the cerebellar vermis in bipolar disorder and associations with mood
Authors: Saleem Arshaq , Harmata Gail , Jain Shivangi , Voss Michelle W. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Williams Aislinn J. , Shaffer Joseph J. , Richards Jenny Gringer , Barsotti Ercole John , Sathyaputri Leela , Schmitz Samantha L. , Christensen Gary E. , Long Jeffrey D. , Xu Jia , Wemmie John A. , Magnotta Vincent A. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeStudies of the neural underpinnings of bipolar type I disorder have focused on the emotional control network. However, there is also growing evidence for cerebellar involvement, including abnormal structure, function, and metabolism. Here, we sought to assess functional connectivity of the cerebellar vermis with the cerebrum in bipolar disorder and to assess whether connectivity might depend on mood.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 128 participants with bipolar type I disorder and 83 control comparison participants who completed a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, which included anatomical as well as resting state Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) imaging. Functional connectivity of the cerebellar vermis to all other brain regions was assessed. Based on quality control metrics of the fMRI data, 109 participants with bipolar disorder and 79 controls were included in the statistical analysis comparing connectivity of the vermis. In addition, the data was explored for the potential impacts of mood, symptom burden, and medication in those with bipolar disorder.ResultsFunctional connectivity between the cerebellar vermis and the cerebrum was found to be aberrant in bipolar disorder. The connectivity of the vermis was found to be greater in bipolar disorder to regions involved in motor control and emotion (trending), while reduced connectivity was observed to a region associated with language production. In the participants with bipolar disorder, past depression symptom burden affected connectivity; however, no effects of medication were observed. Functional connectivity between the cerebellar vermis and all other regions revealed an inverse association with current mood ratings.ConclusionTogether the findings may suggest that the cerebellum plays a compensatory role in bipolar disorder. The proximity of the cerebellar vermis to the skull may make this region a potential target for treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Factors affecting wearable ECG device adoption by general practitioners for atrial fibrillation screening: cross-sectional study
Authors: Yao Yi , Li Zhichao , He Yi , Zhang Yalin , Guo Zhaoxia , Lei Yi , Zhao Qian , Li Dongze , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Yonggang , Liao Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a challenging cardiovascular disease worldwide. Wearable electrocardiograph devices (WEDs) have great potential to improve the detection rate of AF in primary care. However, the factors that influence general practitioners’ (GPs) perception and acceptance of WEDs are not well understood. To identify factors that influence the intention of GPs to utilize WEDs in a clinical setting to screen patients for AF.MethodThe research hypotheses and questionnaire items were designed and developed based on the unified theory of acceptance and technology (UTAUT) framework. We used stratified sampling and obtained the data through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data.Results: A total of 1,004 valid questionnaires from GPs across Sichuan province in China were collected. Three factors increased GPs’ intention to utilize WEDs to screen patients for AF, including performance expectancy (β = 0.121, p = 0.004), social influence (β = 0.356, p &lt; 0.001), and price perception (β = 0.587, p &lt; 0.001). Perception risk (β = −0.059, p &lt; 0.001) decreased usage intention, while effort expectancy (β = −0.079, p = 0.155) and facilitating conditions (β = −0.014, p = 0.868) did not affect usage intention. Gender (β = −0.022, p = 0.179), age (β = 0.006, p = 0.699), education level (β = −0.22, p = 0.184) and training (β = 0.007, p = 0.69) were not significantly correlated with usage intention, and these four factors had no moderating effect on the path coefficients.DiscussionGPs’ intention to utilize WEDs is affected by performance expectancy, price perception, perception risk and social influence. Researcher should improve the usability and perception of WEDs for screening and carry out studies to provide high-quality evidence for the security and efficacy of wearable devices.
The rapid change in mental health among college students after introduction of on-campus quarantine during the 2022 Shanghai COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Ma Dongni , Kuang Yifang , Lan Zhaohui , Zeng Suhua , Li Yi , Shang Mengnan , Zhang Ru-Yuan , Zhao Binglei , Li Weidong 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesAmong the various impacts of disasters in terms of emotions, quarantine has been proven to result in significant increases in mental health problems. Studies of psychological resilience during outbreaks of epidemics tend to focus on long-term social quarantine. In contrast, insufficient studies have been conducted examining how rapidly negative mental health outcomes occur and how these outcomes change over time. We evaluated the time course of psychological resilience (over three different phases of quarantine) among students at Shanghai Jiao Tong University to investigate the influence of unexpected changes on college students.MethodsAn online survey was conducted from 5 to 7 April 2022. A structured online questionnaire was administered using a retrospective cohort trial design. Before 9 March (Period 1), individuals engaged in their usual activities without restrictions. From 9 to 23 March (Period 2), the majority of students were asked to remain in their dormitories on campus. From 24 March to early April (Period 3), restrictions were relaxed, and students were gradually allowed to participate in essential activities on campus. We quantified dynamic changes in the severity of students’ depressive symptoms over the course of these three periods. The survey consisted of five sets of self-reported questions: demographic information, lifestyle/activity restrictions, a brief mental health history, COVID-19-related background, and the Beck Depression Inventory, second edition.ResultsA total of 274 college students aged 18–42 years (mean = 22.34; SE = 0.24) participated in the study (58.39% undergraduate students, 41.61% graduate students; 40.51% male, 59.49% female). The proportion of students with depressive symptoms was 9.1% in Period 1, 36.1% in Period 2, and 34.67% in Period 3. Depressive symptoms increased notably with the introduction of the quarantine in Periods 2 and 3. Lower satisfaction with the food supplied and a longer duration of physical exercise per day were found to be positively associated with changes in depression severity in Periods 2 and 3. Quarantine-related psychological distress was more evident in students who were in a romantic relationship than in students who were single.ConclusionDepressive symptoms in university students rapidly increased after 2 weeks of quarantine and no perceptible reversal was observed over time. Concerning students in a relationship, ways to take physical exercise and to relax should be provided and the food supplied should be improved when young people are quarantined.
Gender differences in the modifying effect of living arrangements on the association of sleep quality with cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Xu Lingzhong , Qin Wenzhe , Hu Fangfang , Li Lei , Chen Chenhui , Tang Wenlong 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSleep quality is considered to be associated with cognitive function for older adults, but little is known about whether living with others can buffer mild cognitive impairment in older adults with poor sleep quality. The objective of this study was to examine the role of living arrangements in sleep quality and cognitive function among older adults aged 65 and over.Methods2,859 older adults over 65 years old were selected by using multi-stage stratified sampling method. Cognitive function and sleep quality were measured using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment, and the interaction effects of sleep quality and living arrangements on mild cognitive impairment stratified by gender.ResultsPoor sleep quality was associated with mild cognitive impairment among men and women regardless of living arrangements. The significantly protective role of living with others in reducing the incidence of mild cognitive impairment was found in men with poor sleep quality, but not in women.ConclusionTargeted support for older adults with poor sleep quality may be effective in preventing mild cognitive impairment, and gender differences should be taken into account when promoting cohabitations.
Development of effective human factors interventions for aviation safety management
Authors: Chan Wesley Tsz-Kin , Li Wen-Chin 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionIn the aviation industry, safety management has moved away from capturing frontline failures toward the management of systemic conditions through organizational safety management systems (SMS). However, subjective differences can influence the classification of active failures and their associated systemic precursors. With levels of professional experience known to influence safety attitudes, the present research examines whether experience levels among airline pilots had an impact on the classification of causal factors using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Differences in the paths of association between categories were evaluated in an open-system context.MethodPilots working in a large, international airline were categorized into high (≥10,000 total flight hours) and low (&lt;10,000 h) experience groups and asked to classify aircraft accident causal factors using the HFACS framework. One-way ANOVA tests were carried out to determine experience effects on the utilization of the HFACS categories, and chi-squared analyses were used to assess the strength of association between different categories within the framework.ResultsResults from 144 valid responses revealed differences in the attribution of human factors conditions. The high experience group was more inclined to attribute deficiencies to high-level precursors and found fewer paths of associations between different categories. In contrast, the low experience group presented a greater number of associations and was comparatively more affected by stress and uncertainty conditions.DiscussionThe results confirm that the classification of safety factors can be influenced by professional experience, with hierarchical power distance impacting the attribution of failures to higher-level organizational faults. Different paths of association between the two groups also suggest that safety interventions can be targeted through different entry points. Where multiple latent conditions are associated, the selection of safety interventions should be made with consideration of the concerns, influences, and actions across the entire system. Higher-level anthropological interventions can change the interactive interfaces affecting concerns, influences, and actions across all levels, whereas frontline-level functional interventions are more efficient for failures linked to many precursor categories.
Parent–child relationships and psychological distress: survey of parents from low-income families after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Alias Haridah , Farid Nik Daliana Nik , Yusop Sofia Md , Musa Zuhrah , Hu Zhijian , Lin Yulan 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThis study aims to shed light on parent–child relationships and the psychological health of parents from low-income families after the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 553 parents of children aged 13–24 years in low-income community settings. The Parent–Child Conflict scale of the Parental Environment Questionnaire (PEQ) was used to measure parent–child conflict. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale short form (DASS-21).ResultsThe study revealed a low level of parent–child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 36 to 48). Concerning demographics, married parents reported a likelihood of having a higher level of parent–child conflict over 3 times higher than single parents (OR = 3.18 95%, CI 1.30–7.75). More parent–child conflicts were also found in parents aged 60–72 years old who were unemployed, retired, or housewives and from lower-income groups. In regard to lifestyle factors, a higher level of physical activity and having enough sleep were associated with lower levels of parent–child conflict. Only approximately 1% of the participants reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress.DiscussionLow risk exists for parent–child conflict and psychological sequelae following the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, which could be due to various support measures implemented by the government. Vulnerable parents identified as being at risk of parent–child conflict warrant attention in future advocacy efforts.
Changing spatiotemporal patterns for hepatitis of unspecified aetiology in China, 2004–2021: a population-based surveillance study
Authors: Zhao Na , Guo Xiangyu , Wang Lan , Zhou Hongming , Gong Lei , Miao Ziping , Chen Yijuan , Qin Shuwen , Yu Zhao , Liu Shelan , Wang Supen 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesAs global efforts continue toward the target of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030, the emergence of acute hepatitis of unspecified aetiology (HUA) remains a concern. This study assesses the overall trends and changes in spatiotemporal patterns in HUA in China from 2004 to 2021.MethodsWe extracted the incidence and mortality rates of HUA from the Public Health Data Center, the official website of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, and the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System from 2004 to 2021. We used R software, ArcGIS, Moran’s statistical analysis, and joinpoint regression to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and annual percentage change in incidence and mortality of the HUA across China.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2021, a total of 707,559 cases of HUA have been diagnosed, including 636 deaths. The proportion of HUA in viral hepatitis gradually decreased from 7.55% in 2004 to 0.72% in 2021. The annual incidence of HUA decreased sharply from 6.6957 per 100,000 population in 2004 to 0.6302 per 100,000 population in 2021, with an average annual percentage change (APC) reduction of −13.1% (p &lt; 0.001). The same result was seen in the mortality (APC, −22.14%, from 0.0089/100,000 in 2004 to 0.0002/100,000 in 2021, p &lt; 0.001). All Chinese provinces saw a decline in incidence and mortality. Longitudinal analysis identified the age distribution in the incidence and mortality of HUA did not change and was highest in persons aged 15–59 years, accounting for 70% of all reported cases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, no significant increase was seen in pediatric HUA cases in China.ConclusionChina is experiencing an unprecedented decline in HUA, with the lowest incidence and mortality for 18 years. However, it is still important to sensitively monitor the overall trends of HUA and further improve HUA public health policy and practice in China.
Associations of clinicopathological factors with local treatment and survival outcome in elderly patients with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zeng Yufei , Wang Zheng , Chen Xiaosong , Shen Kunwei 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLocal treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains controversial for elderly patients. This study aims to evaluate the association of local treatment, clinicopathological factors, and survival in elderly DCIS patients.MethodsPatients ≥ 60 years diagnosed with DCIS from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively included. Local treatment including breast surgery, axillary lymph node (ALN) surgery, and radiotherapy were analyzed among subgroups (age of 60–69, 70–79, and ≥ 80 years), and their associations with clinicopathological features and prognostic outcome were further evaluated.ResultsA total of 331 patients were included. Eventually 86 patients received breast conserving surgery (BCS) and 245 patients received mastectomy. ALN surgery was omitted in 62 patients. Age and tumor size were independent factors that influenced the breast and ALN surgery (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with patients aging 60–69, patients ≥ 80 years were more likely to receive BCS (OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.33–13.78, P = 0.015) and be exempt from ALN surgery (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.69, P = 0.011). Patients with tumor &gt;1.5 cm were significantly less likely to receive BCS (OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.25–0.83, P = 0.011) and more likely to receive ALN surgery (OR 4.41, 95%CI 1.96–10.48, P = 0.001) compared to patients with tumor ≤ 1.5 cm. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 48.8% patients who received BCS. Age was the only factor that associated with the radiotherapy decision after BCS in elderly DCIS patients (P = 0.025). No significant recurrence-free survival difference was observed among patients receiving different local treatments.ConclusionsAge was related to the choice of local treatment in elderly DCIS patients, but different treatment patterns didn't impact disease outcome.
Living Donor Kidney Transplant in Recipients With Glomerulonephritis: Donor Recipient Biologic Relationship and Allograft Outcomes
Authors: El-Rifai Rasha , Bregman Adam , Klomjit Nattawat , Spong Richard , Jackson Scott , Nachman Patrick H. , Riad Samy 
Published: May 2023

Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we examined the association between donor-recipient biologic relationship and long-term recipient and allograft survival among glomerulonephritis (GN) patients. Four GN types were studied: membranous nephropathy, IgA, lupus-associated nephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We identified all adult primary living-donor recipients between 2000 and 2018 (n = 19,668): related (n = 10,437); unrelated (n = 9,231). Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for the recipient, death-censored graft survival and death with functioning graft through ten years post-transplant. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between the donor-recipient relationship and outcomes of interest. There was an increased risk for acute rejection by 12 months post-transplant among the unrelated compared to the related group in IgA (10.1% vs. 6.5%, p&lt;0.001), FSGS (12.1% vs. 10%, p-0.016), and lupus nephritis (11.8% vs. 9.2%; p-0.049). The biological donor-recipient relationship was not associated with a worse recipient or graft survival or death with functioning graft in the multivariable models. These findings are consistent with the known benefits of living-related-donor kidney transplants and counter the reports of the potential adverse impact of the donor-recipient biologic relationship on allograft outcomes.
Effect of Glue, Thiourea, and Chloride on the Electrochemical Reduction in CuSO4–H2SO4 Solutions
Authors: Nevárez-Llamas Érika D. , Araneda-Hernández Eugenia A. , Parra-Sánchez Víctor R. , Villagrán-Guerra Eduardo A. 
Published: May 2023

The effect of glue, thiourea, and chloride on the kinetics of copper reduction in CuSO4–H2SO4 solutions of copper composition, and temperatures like those used in the copper electrorefining plants, were studied. The kinetic study was conducted by determining the kinetic parameters i0 and β under the activation control of the Tafel approximation, which is applied to polarization curves obtained via linear voltammetry. The results show that the incorporation of glue and thiourea decreases the exchange current density, while chloride does not significantly affect the kinetic parameters. The data on the fraction of the surface covered by glue and thiourea fitted to the Temkin adsorption isotherm indicate that the mechanism of action during the reduction of copper to low overpotentials is the adsorption of these additives on the electrode surface. The adsorption of additives reduces the cathodic area available for Cu2+ adsorption and lateral diffusion of Cu atoms to continue the reduction process and the growth of the crystalline deposit. The kinetic study was complemented with a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the additives on the morphological and textural characteristics of the deposits. The results of this work contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of the main additives used during the copper electrorefining process.
Gut Microbiota Crosstalk with Resident Macrophages and Their Role in Invasive Amebic Colitis and Giardiasis—Review
Authors: Xaplanteri Panagiota , Rodis Nikiforos , Potsios Charalampos 
Published: May 2023

The innate immune response is highly dependent on the action of macrophages. They are abundant in the intestine subepithelial lamina propria of the mucosa, where they deploy multiple tasks and play a critical role. The balance between the gut microbiota and M2 macrophages is critical for gut health and homeostasis. Gut microbiota has the power to change macrophage phenotype and replenish the resident macrophage niche during and post infection. As far as the extracellular enteric parasitic infections invasive amebic colitis and giardiasis are concerned, a change of macrophages phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state is dependent on direct contact of the protozoan parasites with host cells. Macrophages induce strong pro-inflammatory response by inflammasome activation and secretion of interleukin IL-1β. Inflammasomes play a key role in the response to cellular stress and microbe attacks. The balance between gut mucosal homeostasis and infection is dependent on the crosstalk between microbiota and resident macrophages. Parasitic infections involve NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. For Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis infections, inflammasome NLRP3 activation is crucial to promote the host defenses. More studies are needed to further elucidate possible therapeutic and protective strategies against these protozoan enteric parasites’ invasive infections in humans.
A class of numerical methods for autonomous initial value problems
Authors: Pătrulescu Flavius Olimpiu 
Published: May 2023

In this paper we introduce a class of explicit numerical methods for
approximating the solutions of scalar initial value problems for
first order differential equations, using a nonlinear interpolation
formula. We show that the methods generated in this way can be
identified as explicit Runge-Kutta methods and we analyze some
particular cases. Finally, numerical examples are provided.