bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children: 2011–2020
Authors: Hood Nicole , Flannery Brendan , Gaglani Manjusha , Beeram Madhava , Wernli Karen , Jackson Michael L. , Martin Emily T. , Monto Arnold S. , Zimmerman Richard , Raviotta Jonathan , Belongia Edward A. , McLean Huong Q. , Kim Sara , Patel Manish M. , Chung Jessie R. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives
Infants and children are at increased risk of severe influenza virus infection and its complications. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by age, influenza season, and influenza virus type/subtype. This study’s objective was to examine the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against outpatient influenza illness in the pediatric population over 9 influenza seasons after the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic.

Methods
During the 2011–2012 through the 2019–2020 influenza seasons at outpatient clinics at 5 sites of the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, children aged 6 months to 17 years with an acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza using real-time, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using a test-negative design.

Results
Among 24 148 enrolled children, 28% overall tested positive for influenza, 3017 tested positive for influenza A(H3N2), 1459 for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 2178 for influenza B. Among all enrollees, 39% overall were vaccinated, with 29% of influenza cases and 43% of influenza-negative controls vaccinated. Across all influenza seasons, the pooled VE for any influenza was 46% (95% confidence interval, 43–50). Overall and by type/subtype, VE against influenza illness was highest among children in the 6- to 59-month age group compared with older pediatric age groups. VE was lowest for influenza A(H3N2) virus infection.

Conclusions
Analysis of multiple seasons suggested substantial benefit against outpatient illness. Investigation of host-specific or virus-related mechanisms that may result in differences by age and virus type/subtype may help further efforts to promote increased vaccination coverage and other influenza-related preventative measures.
Языковой и культурологический континуум современной Южной Славии: сербский, хорватский, боснийский и черногорский языки (pro et contra)
Authors: Хмелевский М. С. 
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются дискуссионные вопросы языковой ситуации, сложившейся в южносла-вянском полиэтническом пространстве, с привлечением культурологического, лексического и фра-зеологического эмпирического материала. В работе обосновывается подход к определению стату-са сербского, хорватского, боснийского и черногорского языков на базе совокупности критериев выделения их как самостоятельных языков. Актуальность заявленной проблематики представля-ется в поиске ее объективного как лингвистического, так и экстралингвистического разрешения. Вопросы языка и диалекта являются предметом довольно острой многолетней дискуссии у народов Южной Славии, что обусловлено как политическими факторами, так и ростом национального са-мосознания, достигшего максимальной степени своего проявления в 90-е годы ХХ века.В настоящем исследовании обзорного характера дается многосторонняя максимально объек-тивная оценка актуальной социолингвистической ситуации на славянских Балканах с опорой на эмпирический материал и параллелями в других странах, подчеркивается ее уникальность в рам-ках проявления толерантности к народам бывшей Югославии и их выбору собственного языкового идиома для обозначения языков, которыми они пользуются как в повседневном общении, так и в письменной традиции. В работе представлены различные точки зрения и критерии для выделения самостоятельного языка применимо к языковой ситуации на славянских Балканах, сложившейся по состоянию на первые два десятилетия ХХ века.В исследовании поднимается теоретический вопрос о выделении того или иного идиома в само-стоятельный язык на основе различных подходов к данной проблематике, которая в отношении анализируемых южнославянских языков может быть решена лишь в их совокупности: синхронный и диахронический аспект, фактор наименования того или иного идиома этнической группой, кото-рая им пользуется, а также религиозный фактор, сыгравший особую роль в формировании совре-менных славянских балканских народов.Делается вывод о несостоятельности фактора взаимопонимания и фактора потребности в пе-реводе для выделения отдельного языка, что в исследовании подтверждается широким иллюстра-тивным языковым материалом, что дает право говорить о центрально-южнославянском языковом континууме, а также обосновывается мнение автора статьи о несостоятельности названия «сербо-хорватский язык», поскольку оно изначально являлось исключительно политическим, а не лингви-стическим термином. Вместе с тем затрагивается вопрос о центрально-южнославянском культуро-логическом континууме, который подразумевает общность культуры, литературы, киноискусства, музыки и пр. для всех народов бывшей Югославии, включая и неславянские этносы, проживающие в этом регионе, что является феноменом для рассматриваемого ареала Южной Славии.
Tipizált térrendszerű és szerkezetű, aulás általános iskolák Magyarországon az államszocializmus idején
Authors: Pirity Ádám , Kissfazekas Kornélia 
Published: March 2023

ÖSSZEFOGLALÓ1945 után, a háborús pusztításnak köszönhetően Magyarországon hatalmas hiány mutatkozott oktatási épületek tekintetében is. Ennek köszönhetően elindult az iskolaépületek tömeges építése, mely kezdetben központilag elkészített típustervek alapján történt a legtöbb esetben. Egyszerű alaprajzú és szerkezetű iskolák épültek országszerte, melyeknek uniformizált, a településképbe sokszor nem illeszkedő megjelenése a lakosság és a szakma ellenérzését is kiváltotta. 1968-tól kezdve a tervezőknek lehetőségük nyílt a típustervektől való eltérésre, amelyre addig csak alkalmanként kaptak teret. Ezzel a jelentős változással párhuzamosan az állami tervező vállalatok lehetőséget kaptak iskolák építésérére használható, előregyártott rendszerek fejlesztésére. A Borsod Megyei Állami Építőipari Vállalat (BÁÉV) és az Északmagyarországi Tervező Vállalat (ÉSZAKTERV) az addig iskoláknál legtöbbször alkalmazott, hagyományos folyosós-cellás alaprajzi rendszer helyett a tanulók közti közösség kialakulása szempontjából előnyösebb, aulás rendszerű iskolákra dolgoztak ki típustervet, országos szinten egyedülálló módon. Jelen cikkben a rendszer, annak előképei, alkalmazásai és jelenkori megítélésük értékelésére kerül sor. Az írás egy, az ÉSZAKTERV-vel foglalkozó átfogó kutatás részeként készült.
The influence of the Epstein-Barr virus on paraclinical indicators and cytokine levels in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis
Authors: Sliepchenko Marharyta , Olkhovska Olga 
Published: March 2023

The aim. To identify the influence of the latent form of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the clinical picture, parameters of clinical blood analysis and cytokine response of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Materials and methods. 56 children were examined. Of them, 33 children (group 1) had no background infection with herpesviruses, and 23 patients (group 2) suffered from rotavirus gastroenteritis against the background of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The patients were comparable in terms of sex, age and disease severity. Differences at p <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the latent form of EBV infection affects the clinical picture, indicators of clinical blood analysis and the reaction of serum cytokines of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Сonclusions. A comparative analysis revealed that a latent form of herpesvirus infection in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis is associated with lower temperature reaction and a lower frequency of vomiting in the acute period of the disease against the background of longer persistence of fever, diarrhoea and catarrhal syndromes. On the part of the investigated laboratory indicators, the presence of EBV infection is characterized by a lower level of haemoglobin (р = 0,013) against a higher content of neutrophils (p = 0.002), eosinophils (p = 0.033) and monocytes (p < 0.001) in the acute period of RVI, and a significantly higher content of eosinophils (p = 0.001) and monocytes (p < 0.001) against the background of a lower level of the relative content of lymphocytes compared to patients of Group 1 in the period of early convalescence. Changes in the cytokine response in children with mixed infection are characterized by a significantly lower concentration of IL-1β at the onset of RVI and a higher content of IL-4 and TNF-α throughout the disease compared to children with mono-RVI
Determining the risk of miscarriage in genetic forms of thrombophilia
Authors: Loskutova Tetiana , Petulko Albina 
Published: March 2023

The aim: to study the distribution and influence of coagulation factor gene polymorphisms and endothelial dysfunction on the development of recurrent pregnancy loss.
Materials and methods: a prospective case-control study included 109 pregnant women in the 1st trimester with habitual miscarriage and 34 conditionally healthy pregnant women with an uncomplicated obstetrical anamnesis without risk factors for miscarriage. Genetic polymorphisms of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors (1691 G→A FVL, 20210 G→A prothrombin, 675 5G/4G PAI-1, 455 G→A fibrinogen β), as well as endothelial dysfunctions (192 Q→R PON-1, 677 C → T MTHFR) were investigated using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Pathological polymorphisms of the genes of the hemostasis system and endothelial dysfunction play a significant role in the development of miscarriage, namely such pathological genotypes as 1691 GA of factor V Leiden - increases the risk by 5.3 times (95 % CI 1.5-18.5), 20210 GA of prothrombin - by 26.47 times (1.6-445.7), 675 4G/4G PAI-1 - by 7, 5 times (1.7-33.79), -455AA fibrinogen β - 9.7 times (1.3-74.16), 677 CT MTHFR - 2.6 times (1.0-6.2), 677 TT MTHFR - 21.7 times (1.3-368.6). Multigenic forms of thrombophilia predominate in the majority of patients with miscarriage and account for 76.1 % (p<0.001, OR=12.31, 95 % CI 4.8-31.55). It was determined that the simultaneous presence of two pathological polymorphisms increases the risk of miscarriage by 3.88 times (OR 3.38; 95 % CI 1.26-9.97), and three ones - more than 2.5 times (OR 2.66; 95 % CI 1.02-7.19).
Conclusions: the course of pregnancy against the background of pathological polymorphisms of the genes of the hemostasis system and endothelial dysfunction significantly increases the risk of habitual miscarriage, which should be considered when planning a pregnancy in women with habitual miscarriage
Dependence of current conductivity of polyethylene-graphite compositions on the method of their manufacture
Authors: Melnyk Liubov , Chulkin Pavel 
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the results of the study of the dependence of the properties of polymer composites of the linear high-pressure polyethylene (LHPPET) system – graphite fillers of various types: natural GAK-2, thermally expanded (TEG) and with ultrasonic treatment. The test samples contained a filler in a wide concentration range (5–35 wt. %). Samples were manufactured using rolling, pressing and powder technology methods. Electrical resistance was measured by the four-probe potentiometric method at constant current. It is shown that the electrical resistance decreases sharply in a narrow concentration interval of 5–15 wt. % from 6.77·1010 to 4.9·102 Ω·m (for compositions obtained by rolling), from 2.96·1010 to 1.2 Ω·m (for pressed samples), from 2.87·109 to 0.14 Ω·m (for compositions obtained by powder technology). For samples of the LHPPET – GAK-2 system, a rapid decrease in electrical resistance is observed at filler concentrations of 5–30 wt. % from 1.36·1012 Ω·m to 2.79·102 Ω·m. Using thermally expanded graphite with and without ultrasonic treatment (and to a lesser extent GAK-2) it is possible to obtain polymer composite materials (PCM) with volume resistivity ranging from 6.77 to 1.9·10-3 Ω·m. It has been experimentally confirmed that electrical conductivity largely depends on the PCM manufacturing technology. The established dependences of the current conductivity of composites, depending on the manufacturing method, are associated with the corresponding structural differences. These structural differences are manifested in an increase in the number and area of contacts of filler particles – graphite and in a change in the thickness of the layers of the polymer matrix. Dry powder technology is the most effective method of obtaining LHPPET – graphite compositions. The optimal composition of the composition is 25 wt. % TEG and 75 wt. % LHPPET. Directions of practical use of the obtained results can be effectively used in industry and housing and communal economy.
Does Dry or Fresh Bee Bread Contain Clinically Significant, and Antimicrobial Agents Resistant Microorganisms?
Authors: MUTLU SARIGUZEL Fatma , SİLİCİ Sibel , KOÇ Ayşe Nedret , SAĞIROĞLU Pınar , DİNÇ Bedia 
Published: March 2023

Bee pollen, which is filled into the cells of the honeycomb by honeybees to use in nutrition, is enriched with digestive enzymes and organic acids from honey and salivary gland secretions of honeybees. Lactic acid fermentation takes place in the comb cell under anaerobic conditions and bee bread is formed. We have limited knowledge about which bacteria and yeasts are involved in fermentation process. Samples of bee bread collected from 8 different beehives in the same apiary and samples of bee bread that were dried for 3 months and stored in the deep freezer were analyzed microbiologically. The 34 strains were isolated from fresh perga samples. No microorganism was growth in dried perga samples. The isolated strains were identified by conventional and MALDI-TOF MS methods. The 34 strains were identified as Aspergillus spp. (12), Rhizopus oryzae (6), Mucor circinelloides (1), Bipolaris (2), Trichoderma (3), Paecilomyces variotii (1), Penicillium chrysogenum (1), Kodamaea ohmeri (1), Bacillus altitudinis/pumilus (3), Bacillus licheniformis (1), B. megaterium (1), Micrococcus luteus (1) and Serratia marcescens (1). MICs values of itraconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin and caspofungin for Mucor and Rhizopus strains had high (≥32 μg/ml) except amphotericinB, posaconazole. MICs values of drugs for Aspergillus strains (n:9/12) were low (1 μg/ml). Trichoderma strains had low MIC values (≤0.50 μg/ml) for other drugs except itraconazole. P.chrysogenum was found to have low MIC value (≤0.25 μg/ml) for posaconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin. Bipolaris, P.variotii and K.ohmeri was had low MIC values to all antifungals.
The determination of the microbiological load in bee bread samples analyzed as soon as they are collected from the hive allows us to discuss the beneficial and harmful aspects of these microorganisms, while the absence of microbial load in bee bread samples stored under appropriate conditions is striking.
On the role of compaction in disputes over the quality of the supplied concrete
Authors: Valente Monteiro André , Gonçalves Arlindo , Balayssac Jean-Paul , Yssorche-Cubaynes Marie-Pierre , Costa António 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the effect of poor compaction on the compressive strength, sorptivity, gas permeability and accelerated carbonation resistance of bulk concrete in structures, framed in the scenario of disputes over the quality of the supplied concrete. For that purpose, several real-scale elements (beams, columns and slabs) were cast with concrete incorporating Portland-limestone cement and fly ash addition, covering a wide range of slumps (35–123 mm) and compressive strengths (25–65 MPa). The elements were then subjected to different compaction conditions (standard vibration and no vibration), and later cored for concrete testing. A new compaction indicator that overcomes the main practical limitations associated with the determination of the excess voidage of concrete is proposed, as well as new factors for correcting the effects of on-site compaction in the estimation of the potential carbonation resistance and the compressive strength of concrete. It is also shown that vibration no longer improves the quality of bulk concrete in structures for slumps above ~ 140 mm, which suggests that, in cases of dispute where greater slumps are specified, no correction for compaction should be needed in the estimation of the potential properties of concrete.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Aircraft-Electrical Peserta-Didik
Authors: Pakpahan Saul Samosir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPenerapan model pembelajaran kontekstual dilatarbelakangi oleh observasi aktivitas keterampilan dasar dalam pembelajaran Aircraft Electrical. Penggunaan alat ukur listrik dan elektronika pada peserta-didik kelas XI-EA SMKN 12 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 menghadapi beberapa kendala. Hal ini berdampak pada hasil belajar peserta-didik dimana hanya 48,6% peserta-didik yang mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat profil kegiatan pembelajaran yang akan digunakan dalam penyusunan rencana perbaikan pembelajaran guna meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta-didik.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) empat siklus dengan beberapa fase yang terdiri dari: merencanakan, bertindak, mengamati, dan merefleksi. Berdasarkan hasil praktik, observasi, dan refleksi dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa dalam fase observasi lapangan Siklus IV terdapat 89,29% (skala 100) jumlah peserta-didik yang aktif melalui kegiatan pembelajaran kontekstual. Melalui tes formasi yang dilakukan pada setiap siklus, terdapat peningkatan hasil pre-test ke hasil post-test. Hasil ulangan harian pada kompetensi dasar peserta-didik menunjukkan bahwa 100% siswa memperoleh nilai 70%, dan nilai rata-ratanya adalah 86,58, sangat tinggi. Keywords: Model Kontekstual, PTK, hasil belajar peserta-didik. AbstractThe application of the contextual learning model is initiated by the observation of basic skill activities in Aircraft Electrical learning. The use of electrical and electronic measuring instruments in class XI-EA SMKN 12 Bandung in the 2019/2020 academic year faces several obstacles. This has an impact on student learning outcomes where only 48.6% of students achieve the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). This study aims to create a profile of learning activities that will be used in the preparation of learning improvement plans in order to improve student learning outcomes.The method used in this research is a four-cycle Class Action Research (CAR) with several phases consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Based on the results of practice, observation, and reflection in this study, it was found that in the field observation phase of Cycle IV, there were 89.29% (scale of 00) of students were active through contextual learning activities. Through the formation test conducted in each cycle, there was an increase in the results of the pre-test to the results of the post-test. The results of the daily test on students' basic competencies showed that 100% of students got a score of 70%, and the average score was 86.58, very high. Keywords: Contextual Model, CAR, student learning result.
Factors associated with resistant disease in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Authors: KÜÇÜKER Kadir Alper , GÜNEY İsa Burak , YAPAR Zeynep 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common carcinoma that originated from endocrine tissue in pediatric patients. Pediatric thyroid carcinomas are more prone to reveal lymph node or lung metastasis and recurrence. In this study, clinical, pathological and genetic features that may be related with resistant differentiated thyroid carcinoma in pediatric patients were investigated.
Materials and Methodsː Thirty-nine pediatric patients who were 18 years old and below and were given 131I Radioactive Iodine (RAI) therapy were included to the study. 131I RAI therapy was planned in accordance with the American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guideline. Clinical and postoperative pathological features of patients were retrospectively determined and the patients who received single or multiple RAI therapy due to resistant disease compared statistically in terms of these features. Genetic analysis was also made in the patients who received multiple therapies.
Resultsː Thirty-one patients were female and 8 patients were male. Thirty-four patients had papillary thyroid carcinoma, 4 had follicular thyroid carcinoma and 1 had mixed papillary-oncocytic carcinoma of patients. Eight patients received multiple I-131 RAI therapy cycles due to resistant disease. Any clinical, pathological feature and genetic mutation that would indicate resistant disease was not found in these patients.
Conclusionː Although pediatric thyroid carcinoma is rarely seen, it has an increasing incidence in recent years. We were not able to reveal any feature related to resistant disease in our limited group. Clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics related to poor prognosis must be investigated with larger study groups.
Evaluation of upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy screening in patients with acromegaly: a single center experience
Authors: EMÜR GÜNAY Yasemin , DURAK Serdar , ÜÇÜNCÜ Ozge , COŞAR Arif Mansur 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The prevalence of precancerous or cancerous lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract in acromegalic patients is not well known. The aim of this study is to evaluate the endoscopic findings of the upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) of patients with acromegaly and to assess whether the pathological findings are related to the disease and the use of somatostatin analogs.
Materials and Methods: Between January 2010 and October 2021, patients diagnosed with acromegaly were identified by retrospective medical record scanning. This study included 49 patients with acromegaly who underwent upper GIS endoscopy. The acromegaly patients were divided into two groups: those who were taking somatostatin analogs at the time of endoscopy and those who were not. It was investigated whether there was a difference between these two groups in terms of lesion development. The patients with acromegaly and the control group were compared in terms of endoscopic findings and biopsy results.
Results: Of these patients, 53% (n=26) were male and 46.9% (n=23) were female. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) was significantly higher in the acromegaly patients than in the control subjects. In the acromegaly group, 62.5% (n=15) of the 24 patients with antral and pangastritis were taking somatostatin analogs. There was no significant difference between the use of somatostatin analogs and the development of gastritis. The development of esophagitis was statistically higher in patients with acromegaly taking somatostatin analogs.
Conclusion: The incidence of HP was higher in patients with acromegaly than in the normal population. No clear results were found regarding the development of gastritis. The incidence of esophagitis was high in acromegalic patients taking somatostatin analogs. Large-scale studies are needed to uncover the relationship between the etiology of the disease and the drugs taken.