bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 decreases myoblast fusion during the growth and increases myogenic gene expression during the differentiation phase in muscle satellite cells from Korean native beef cattle
Authors: Lee Jun Hee , Peng Dong Qiao , Jin Xue Cheng , Smith Stephen B , Lee Hong Gu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe process of myogenesis, which involves the growth and differentiation of muscle cells, is a crucial determinant of meat yield and quality in beef cattle. Essential nutrients, such as vitamins D and A, play vital roles in the development and maintenance of various tissues, including muscle. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the specific effects of vitamins A and D in bovine muscle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamins A and D treatment on myogenic fusion and differentiation in bovine satellite cells (BSC). BSC were isolated from Korean native beef cattle, specifically from four female cows approximately 30 mo old. These individual cows were used as biological replicates (n = 3 or 4), and we examined the effects of varying concentrations of vitamins A (All-trans retinoic acid; 100 nM) and D (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3; 1 nM, 10 nM, and 100 nM), both individually and in combination, on myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation during the growth phase (48 h) or differentiation phase (6 d). The results were statistically analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS with Tukey’s test and t-tests or one-way ANOVA where appropriate. The findings revealed that vitamin A enhanced the myoblast fusion index, while vitamin D treatment decreased the myoblast fusion index during the growth phase. Furthermore, vitamin A treatment during the differentiation phase promoted terminal differentiation by regulating the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, and Myf6) and inducing myotube hypertrophy compared to the control satellite cells (P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, vitamin D treatment during the differentiation phase enhanced myogenic differentiation by increasing the mRNA expression of MyoG and Myf6 (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, the combined treatment of vitamins A and D during the growth phase increased myoblast fusion and further promoted myogenic differentiation and hypertrophy of myotubes during the differentiation phase (P &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that vitamin A and D supplementation may have differential effects on muscle development in Korean native beef cattle during the feeding process.
A temporal–spatiotemporal domain transformation-based modeling method for nonlinear distributed parameter systems
Authors: Jin Xi , Wu Daibiao , Yang Haidong , Zhu Chengjiu , Shen Wenjing , Xu Kangkang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Complex nonlinear distributed parameter systems (DPSs) exist widely in advanced industrial thermal processes. The modeling of such highly nonlinear systems is a challenge for traditional time/space-separation-based methods since they employ linear methods for the model reduction and spatiotemporal reconstruction, which may lead to an inefficient application of the nonlinear spatial structure features represented by the spatial basis functions. To overcome this problem, a novel spatiotemporal modeling framework composed of nonlinear temporal domain transformation and nonlinear spatiotemporal domain reconstruction is proposed in this paper. Firstly, local nonlinear dimension reduction based on the locally linear embedding technique is utilized to perform nonlinear temporal domain transformation of the spatiotemporal output of nonlinear DPSs. In this step, the original spatiotemporal data can be directly transformed into low-order time coefficients. Then, the extreme learning machine (ELM) method is utilized to establish a temporal model. Finally, through the spatiotemporal domain reconstruction based on the kernel-based ELM method, the prediction of the temporal dynamics obtained from the temporal model can be reconstructed back to the spatiotemporal output. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method are demonstrated in experiments on the thermal processes of a snap curing oven and a lithium-ion battery.
Current topics and management of head and neck sarcomas
Authors: Kobayashi Kenya , Hanai Nobuhiro , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Saito Yuki , Homma Akihiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given the low incidence, variety of histological types, and heterogeneous biological features of head and neck sarcomas, there is limited high-quality evidence available to head and neck oncologists. For resectable sarcomas, surgical resection followed by radiotherapy is the principle of local treatment, and perioperative chemotherapy is considered for chemotherapy-sensitive sarcomas. They often originate in anatomical border areas such as the skull base and mediastinum, and they require a multidisciplinary treatment approach considering functional and cosmetic impairment. Moreover, head and neck sarcomas may exhibit different behaviour and characteristics than sarcomas of other areas. In recent years, the molecular biological features of sarcomas have been used for the pathological diagnosis and development of novel agents. This review describes the historical background and recent topics that head and neck oncologists should know about this rare tumour from the following five perspectives: (i) epidemiology and general characteristics of head and neck sarcomas; (ii) changes in histopathological diagnosis in the genomic era; (iii) current standard treatment by histological type and clinical questions specific to head and neck; (iv) new drugs for advanced and metastatic soft tissue sarcomas; and (v) proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for head and neck sarcomas.
Aging modulates homeostatic leukocyte trafficking to the peritoneal cavity in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Hopkin Sophie J , Pezhman Laleh , Begum Jenefa , Kavanagh Dean , McGettrick Helen M , Iqbal Asif J , Chimen Myriam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aging is associated with exacerbated systemic inflammation (inflammaging) and the progressive loss of immune system function (immunosenescence). Leukocyte migration is necessary for effective immunity; however, dysregulated trafficking of leukocytes into tissue contributes to inflammaging and the development of age-related inflammatory diseases. Aging modulates leukocyte trafficking under inflammatory conditions; however, whether aging modulates leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic conditions remains to be elucidated. Although immune responses are evidently sexually dimorphic, limited studies have investigated the effect of sex on age-related changes to leukocyte trafficking processes. Here, we investigated age-related and sex-specific changes to the leukocyte populations within the peritoneal cavity of young (3-mo), middle-aged (18-mo) and old (21-mo) male and female wild-type mice in the steady state. We found an age-related increase in the number of leukocytes within the peritoneal cavity of female mice, predominantly B cells, which may reflect increased trafficking through this tissue with age. This was accompanied by an increased inflammatory environment within the aged cavity, including increased levels of chemoattractants, including B cell chemoattractants CXCL13 and CCL21, soluble adhesion molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines, which was more pronounced in aged female mice. Intravital microscopy techniques revealed altered vascular structure and increased vascular permeability within the peritoneal membrane of aged female mice, which may support increased leukocyte trafficking to the cavity with age. Together, these data indicate that aging affects homeostatic leukocyte trafficking processes in a sex-specific fashion.
Spatial frequency–based correction of the spherical aberration in living brain imaging
Authors: Gohma Aoi , Adachi Naoya , Yonemaru Yasuo , Horiba Daiki , Higuchi Kaori , Nishiwaki Daisuke , Yokoi Eiji , Ue Yoshihiro , Miyawaki Atsushi , Monai Hiromu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Optical errors, including spherical aberrations, hinder high-resolution imaging of biological samples due to biochemical components and physical properties. We developed the Deep-C microscope system to achieve aberration-free images, employing a motorized correction collar and contrast-based calculations. However, current contrast-maximization techniques, such as the Brenner gradient method, inadequately assess specific frequency bands. The Peak-C method addresses this issue, but its arbitrary neighbor selection and susceptibility to the noise limit its effectiveness. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of a broad spatial frequency range for accurate spherical aberration correction and propose Peak-F. This spatial frequency–based system utilizes a fast Fourier transform as a bandpass filter. This approach overcomes Peak-C’s limitations and comprehensively covers the low-frequency domain of image spatial frequencies.
Computationally modeling mood management theory: a drift-diffusion model of people’s preferential choice for valence and arousal in media
Authors: Gong Xuanjun , Huskey Richard , Eden Allison , Ulusoy Ezgi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mood management theory (MMT) hypothesizes that people select entertainment content to maintain affective homeostasis. However, this hypothesis lacks a formal quantification of each affective attributes’ separate impact on an individual’s media content selection, as well as an integrated cognitive mechanism explaining media selection. Here we present a computational decision-making model that mathematically formalizes this affective media decision-making process. We empirically tested this formalization with the drift-diffusion model using three decision-making experiments. Contrary to MMT, all three studies showed that people prefer negatively valenced and high-arousal media content and that prevailing mood does not shape media selection as predicted by MMT. We also discovered that people are less cautious when choices have larger valence differences. Our results support the proposed mathematical formalization of affective attributes’ influence on media selection, challenge core predictions drawn from MMT, and introduce a new mechanism (response caution) for media selection.
Diffuse sources, clustering, and the excess anisotropy of the radio synchrotron background
Authors: Cowie F J , Offringa A R , Gehlot B K , Singal J , Heston S , Horiuchi S , Lucero D M 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the largest low frequency (120 MHz) arcminute resolution image of the radio synchrotron background (RSB) to date, and its corresponding angular power spectrum of anisotropies (APS) with angular scales ranging from 3° to 0.3 arcmin. We show that the RSB around the north celestial pole has a significant excess anisotropy power at all scales over a model of unclustered point sources based on source counts of known source classes. This anisotropy excess, which does not seem attributable to the diffuse Galactic emission, could be linked to the surface brightness excess of the RSB. To better understand the information contained within the measured APS, we model the RSB varying the brightness distribution, size, and angular clustering of potential sources. We show that the observed APS could be produced by a population of faint clustered point sources only if the clustering is extreme and the size of the Gaussian clusters is ≲1 arcmin. We also show that the observed APS could be produced by a population of faint diffuse sources with sizes ≲1 arcmin, and this is supported by features present in our image. Both of these cases would also cause an associated surface brightness excess. These classes of sources are in a parameter space not well probed by even the deepest radio surveys to date.
A quantitative description of comet 67P’s dust and gas production remains enigmatic
Authors: Bischoff D , Schuckart C , Attree N , Gundlach B , Blum J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The mechanism of dust emission from a cometary nucleus is still an open question and thermophysical models have problems reproducing outgassing and dust productions rates simultaneously. In this study, we investigate the capabilities of a rather simple thermophysical model to match observations from Rosetta instruments at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and the influence of model variations. We assume a macroporous surface structure composed of pebbles and investigate the influence of different model assumptions. Besides the scenario in which dust layers are ejected when the vapour pressure overcomes the tensile strength, we use artificial ejection mechanisms, depending on ice depletion of layers. We find that dust activity following the pressure criterion is only possible for reduced tensile strength values or reduced gas diffusivity and is inconsistent with observed outgassing rates, because activity is driven by CO2. Only when we assume that dust activity is triggered when the layer is completely depleted in H2O, the ratio of CO2 to H2O outgassing rates is in the expected order of magnitude. However, the dust-to-H2O ratio is never reproduced. Only with decreased gas diffusivity, the slope of the H2O outgassing rate is matched, however absolute values are too low. To investigate maximum reachable pressures, we adapted our model equivalent to a gas-impermeable dust structure. Here, pressures exceeding the tensile strength by orders of magnitude are possible. Maximum activity distances of $3.1$, $8.2$, and $74 \, \mathrm{au}$ were estimated for H2O-, CO2-, and CO-driven activity of $1\hbox{-}\mathrm{cm}$-sized dust, respectively. In conclusion, the mechanism behind dust emission remains unclear.
Parameter estimation of LAMOST Medium-Resolution Stellar Spectra
Authors: Li Xiangru , Zhang Xiaoyu , Xiong Shengchun , Zheng Yulong , Li Hui 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the problem of estimating three stellar atmospheric physical parameters and 13 elemental abundances for medium-resolution spectra from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Typical characteristics of these spectra are their huge scale, wide range of spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and uneven distribution in parameter space. These characteristics lead to unsatisfactory results on the spectra with low temperature, high temperature, or low metallicity. To this end, this paper proposes a stellar parameter estimation method based on multiple regions (SPEMR) that effectively improves parameter estimation accuracy. On the spectra with S/N ≥ 10, the precisions are 47 K, 0.08 dex, 0.03 dex, respectively, for the estimations of (Teff, $\log \, g$, and $\rm [Fe/H]$), 0.03–0.06 dex for elements C, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Mn, and Ni, 0.07–0.13 dex for N, O, S, K, and Ti, while that of Cr is 0.16 dex. For the reference of astronomical science researchers and algorithm researchers, we released a catalogue for 4.19 million medium-resolution spectra from the LAMOST DR8, experimental code, trained model, training data, and test data.
The role of baryons in self-interacting dark matter mergers
Authors: Fischer Moritz S , Durke Nils-Henrik , Hollingshausen Katharina , Hammer Claudius , Brüggen Marcus , Dolag Klaus 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTMergers of galaxy clusters are promising probes of dark matter (DM) physics. For example, an offset between the DM component and the galaxy distribution can constrain DM self-interactions. We investigate the role of the intracluster medium (ICM) and its influence on DM–galaxy offsets in self-interacting dark matter models. To this end, we employ Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics + N-body simulations to study idealized setups of equal- and unequal-mass mergers with head-on collisions. Our simulations show that the ICM hardly affects the offsets arising shortly after the first pericentre passage compared to DM-only simulations. But later on, e.g. at the first apocentre, the offsets can be amplified by the presence of the ICM. Furthermore, we find that cross-sections small enough not to be excluded by measurements of the core sizes of relaxed galaxy clusters have a chance to produce observable offsets. We found that different DM models affect the DM distribution and also the galaxy and ICM distribution, including its temperature. Potentially, the position of the shock fronts, combined with the brightest cluster galaxies, provides further clues to the properties of DM. Overall our results demonstrate that mergers of galaxy clusters at stages about the first apocentre passage could be more interesting in terms of DM physics than those shortly after the first pericentre passage. This may motivate further studies of mergers at later evolutionary stages.
Genome-wide analysis of histone modifications that underlie the dynamic changes in gene expression during decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Tamura Isao , Shiroshita Amon , Fujimura Taishi , Tanaka-Doi Yumiko , Shirafuta Yuichiro , Maekawa Ryo , Taketani Toshiaki , Sato Shun , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) undergo a differentiation process with dramatic changes in cell functions during the menstrual cycle, which is called decidualization. This is an important event for implantation of the embryo and successful pregnancy. Defective decidualization can cause implantation failure, miscarriage, and unexplained infertility. A number of genes are upregulated or downregulated during decidualization. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of decidualization-related genes and that histone modifications occur throughout the genome during decidualization. The present review focuses on the involvement of genome-wide histone modifications in dramatic changes in gene expression during decidualization. The main histone modifications are the increases of H3K27ac and H3K4me3, which activate transcription. C/EBPβ works as a pioneer factor throughout the genome by recruiting p300. This is the main cause of the genome-wide acetylation of H3K27 during decidualization. Histone modifications were observed in both the proximal promoter and distal enhancer regions. Genome editing experiments show that the distal regions have transcriptional activities, which suggests that decidualization induces the interactions between proximal promoter and distal enhancer regions. Taken together, these findings show that gene regulation during decidualization is closely associated with genome-wide changes of histone modifications. This review provides new insights regarding the cases of implantation failure in terms of decidualization insufficiency owing to epigenetic dysregulation, and may lead to novel treatment options for women with implantation failure.
Shell drilling and gonad biopsies provide a rapid, nonlethal method for in situ assessment of reproductive periodicity in a turbinid gastropod
Authors: Seinor Kate , Benkendorff Kirsten 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Reproductive data on marine molluscs are imperative for informing conservation and management strategies. Most methods for assessing reproductive periodicity are lethal, which could be unfavourable for fragile populations. This study aimed to trial a nonlethal, drill-biopsy technique for assessing the reproductive cycle in the turbinid gastropod, Turbo militaris. This technique was tested in the laboratory, where a small hole was drilled into the shell, from where a biopsy of the gonad was taken. The procedures resulted in zero mortalities and rapid recovery of the animals when returned to seawater. Sex was identified by viewing the gonad colour through the shell hole and confirmed by viewing gametes from a biopsy. Preservation of the female biopsy was investigated, with buffered formalin found to be the most suitable solution. The drill-biopsy method was also tested in the field; five (out of six) recaptured T. militaris had repaired the shell hole after 6 weeks, and two were recaptured on multiple occasions up to the end of this study, 10 months later. The size–frequency distributions of oocytes from female biopsies suggested an increase in mode size over 2 months with a shift towards a higher number of larger oocytes, supporting the practicality of this nonlethal approach to evaluate reproductive periodicity and sex determination. Nonlethal sampling is recommended for broad-scale studies and populations under stress; methods, such as the drill-biopsy technique, facilitate reproductive sampling without detriment to the target populations.
A unique mRNA decapping complex in trypanosomes
Authors: Kramer Susanne , Karolak Natalia Katarzyna , Odenwald Johanna , Gabiatti Bernardo , Castañeda Londoño Paula Andrea , Zavřelová Anna , Freire Eden Ribeiro , Almeida Kayo Schemiko , Braune Silke , Moreira Claudia , Eder Amelie , Goos Carina , Field Mark , Carrington Mark , Holetz Fabiola , Górna Maria Wiktoria , Zoltner Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRemoval of the mRNA 5′ cap primes transcripts for degradation and is central for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. The canonical decapping enzyme Dcp2 is stringently controlled by assembly into a dynamic multi-protein complex together with the 5′-3′exoribonuclease Xrn1. Kinetoplastida lack Dcp2 orthologues but instead rely on the ApaH-like phosphatase ALPH1 for decapping. ALPH1 is composed of a catalytic domain flanked by C- and N-terminal extensions. We show that T. brucei ALPH1 is dimeric in vitro and functions within a complex composed of the trypanosome Xrn1 ortholog XRNA and four proteins unique to Kinetoplastida, including two RNA-binding proteins and a CMGC-family protein kinase. All ALPH1-associated proteins share a unique and dynamic localization to a structure at the posterior pole of the cell, anterior to the microtubule plus ends. XRNA affinity capture in T. cruzi recapitulates this interaction network. The ALPH1 N-terminus is not required for viability in culture, but essential for posterior pole localization. The C-terminus, in contrast, is required for localization to all RNA granule types, as well as for dimerization and interactions with XRNA and the CMGC kinase, suggesting possible regulatory mechanisms. Most significantly, the trypanosome decapping complex has a unique composition, differentiating the process from opisthokonts.
Activity, substrate preference and structure of the HsMCM8/9 helicase
Authors: McKinzey David R , Li Chuxuan , Gao Yang , Trakselis Michael A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The minichromosomal maintenance proteins, MCM8 and MCM9, are more recent evolutionary additions to the MCM family, only cooccurring in selected higher eukaryotes. Mutations in these genes are directly linked to ovarian insufficiency, infertility, and several cancers. MCM8/9 appears to have ancillary roles in fork progression and recombination of broken replication forks. However, the biochemical activity, specificities and structures have not been adequately illustrated, making mechanistic determination difficult. Here, we show that human MCM8/9 (HsMCM8/9) is an ATP dependent DNA helicase that unwinds fork DNA substrates with a 3′–5′ polarity. High affinity ssDNA binding occurs in the presence of nucleoside triphosphates, while ATP hydrolysis weakens the interaction with DNA. The cryo-EM structure of the HsMCM8/9 heterohexamer was solved at 4.3 Å revealing a trimer of heterodimer configuration with two types of interfacial AAA+ nucleotide binding sites that become more organized upon binding ADP. Local refinements of the N or C-terminal domains (NTD or CTD) improved the resolution to 3.9 or 4.1 Å, respectively, and shows a large displacement in the CTD. Changes in AAA+ CTD upon nucleotide binding and a large swing between the NTD and CTD likely implies that MCM8/9 utilizes a sequential subunit translocation mechanism for DNA unwinding.