bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected Health Outcomes Associated With 3 US Supreme Court Decisions in 2022 on COVID-19 Workplace Protections, Handgun-Carry Restrictions, and Abortion Rights
Authors: Gaffney Adam , Himmelstein David U. , Dickman Samuel , Myers Caitlin , Hemenway David , McCormick Danny , Woolhandler Steffie 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceSeveral recent US Supreme Court rulings have drawn criticism from the medical community, but their health consequences have not been quantitatively evaluated.ObjectiveTo model health outcomes associated with 3 Supreme Court rulings in 2022 that invalidated workplace COVID-19 vaccine or mask-and-test requirements, voided state handgun-carry restrictions, and revoked the constitutional right to abortion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical modeling study estimated outcomes associated with 3 Supreme Court rulings in 2022: (1) National Federation of Independent Business v Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which invalidated COVID-19 workplace protections; (2) New York State Rifle and Pistol Association Inc v Bruen, Superintendent of New York State Police (Bruen), which voided state laws restricting handgun carry; and (3) Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs), which revoked the constitutional right to abortion. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2022, to April 7, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor the OSHA ruling, multiple data sources were used to calculate deaths attributable to COVID-19 among unvaccinated workers from January 4 to May 28, 2022, and the share of these deaths that would have been prevented by the voided protections. To model the Bruen decision, published estimates of the consequences of right-to-carry laws were applied to 2020 firearm-related deaths (and injuries) in 7 affected jurisdictions. For the Dobbs ruling, the model assessed unwanted pregnancy continuations, resulting from the change in distance to the closest abortion facility, and then excess deaths (and peripartum complications) from forcing these unwanted pregnancies to term.ResultsThe decision model projected that the OSHA decision was associated with 1402 additional COVID-19 deaths (and 22 830 hospitalizations) in early 2022. In addition, the model projected that 152 additional firearm-related deaths (and 377 nonfatal injuries) annually will result from the Bruen decision. Finally, the model projected that 30 440 fewer abortions will occur annually due to current abortion bans stemming from Dobbs, with 76 612 fewer abortions if states at high risk for such bans also were to ban the procedure; these bans will be associated with an estimated 6 to 15 additional pregnancy-related deaths each year, respectively, and hundreds of additional cases of peripartum morbidity.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that outcomes from 3 Supreme Court decisions in 2022 could lead to substantial harms to public health, including nearly 3000 excess deaths (and possibly many more) over a decade.
Frustration–aggression hypothesis reconsidered: The role of significance quest
Authors: Kruglanski Arie W. , Ellenberg Molly , Szumowska Ewa , Molinario Erica , Speckhard Anne , Leander N. Pontus , Pierro Antonio , Di Cicco Gabriele , Bushman Brad J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the oldest scientific theories of human aggression is the frustration–aggression hypothesis, advanced in 1939. Although this theory has received considerable empirical support and is alive and well today, its underlying mechanisms have not been adequately explored. In this article, we examine major findings and concepts from extant psychological research on hostile aggression and offer an integrative conception: aggression is a primordial means for establishing one's sense of significance and mattering, thus addressing a fundamental social‐psychological need. Our functional portrayal of aggression as a means to significance yields four testable hypotheses: (1) frustration will elicit hostile aggression proportionately to the extent that the frustrated goal serves the individual's need for significance, (2) the impulse to aggress in response to significance loss will be enhanced in conditions that limit the individual's ability to reflect and engage in extensive information processing (that may bring up alternative, socially condoned means to significance), (3) significance‐reducing frustration will elicit hostile aggression unless the impulse to aggress is substituted by a nonaggressive means of significance restoration, (4) apart from significance loss, an opportunity for significance gain can increase the impulse to aggress. These hypotheses are supported by extant data as well as novel research findings in real‐world contexts. They have important implications for understanding human aggression and the conditions under which it is likely to be manifested and reduced.
Comparing brass mesh to tissue equivalent bolus materials for volumetric modulated arc therapy chest wall irradiation
Authors: Keiper Timothy D. , Kisling Kelly , Hua Patricia , Manger Ryan P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the superficial dose when using brass mesh bolus (BMB), no bolus, or 3 mm tissue‐equivalent bolus with a pseudo‐flash volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) breast treatment planning technique.MethodsTwo different beam arrangements for right‐sided irradiation and one beam arrangement for bilateral irradiation were planned on an inhomogeneous thorax phantom in accordance with our clinical practice for VMAT postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Plans were optimized using pseudo‐flash and representative critical organ optimization structures were used to shape the dose. Plans were delivered without bolus, with 3 mm tissue‐equivalent bolus (TEB), or with one‐layer BMB. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) and radiochromic film measurements were taken and analyzed to determine the superficial dose in each case and the relative enhancement from the no bolus delivery.ResultsSuperficial dose measured with OSLDs was found to be 76.4 ± 4.5%, 103.0 ± 6.1%, and 98.1 ± 5.8% of prescription for no physical bolus (NB), TEB, and BMB, respectively. Superficial dose was observed to increase from lateral to medial points when measured with film. However, the relative increase in superficial dose from NB was consistent across the profile with an increase of 43 ± 2.1% and 34 ± 3.3% of prescription for TEB and BMB, respectively. The results are in good agreement with expectations from the literature and the experience with tangential radiotherapy.ConclusionThree millimeter TEB and one‐layer BMB were shown to provide similar enhancement to the superficial dose compared to delivery without bolus. BMB, which does not significantly affect dose at depth and is more conformal to the patient surface, is an acceptable alternative to 3 mm TEB for chest wall PMRT patients treated with pseudo‐flash PMRT.
Polymer‐Encapsulated Halide Perovskite Color Converters
Authors: Huisman Bas A. H. , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn easy process to fabricate highly luminescent and color‐pure polymer‐encapsulated halide perovskite color converters is reported. Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) with an additive of amantadine hydrochloride is prepared by dry mechanochemical synthesis together with an encapsulating polymer. (In this report, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and polyethylene oxide are investigated.) The composite material is heated and pressed into a thin disk exhibiting strong luminescent properties. By adjusting the weight percentage of the perovskite in the polymer, the disk can be opaque or transmissive. The disks are stable in air for over 2 months. By inserting a secondary emitter, white light can be obtained by illuminating it with a blue light source.
Convoluted Magnetoresistance and Magnetic Reversal Processes in Ni–Fe Segmented Cylindrical Nanodots with Tunable Size and Composition for Technological Applications
Authors: Velásquez Ever A. , Mazo‐Zuluaga Johann , Mejía‐López José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to their unique properties, bi‐segmented systems are currently used in several technological applications such as sensing devices, high density magnetic data storage systems, spintronics and microelectromechanical components, among others. In this study, the magnetoresistance and magnetic properties of Ni–Fe bi‐segmented cylindrical nanodots in a broad range of diameters and heights are discussed. The power of the First Principles approach, as considered in the density functional theory formulation, is used to study the structural and magnetic relaxation effects, and atomistic simulations, through the Fast Monte Carlo methodology, are employed to explore the magnetoresistance and magnetic behaviors of these systems. By means of the magnetic hysteresis and magnetoresistance signals, convoluted magnetization reversal schemes are discussed. These effects take place depending on the size of the Ni and Fe components as a result of the interplay among exchange interactions and size and shape effects induced by dipolar interactions. Since size has become an experimental controllable parameter, due to the enriched phenomena, the effects discussed in these bi‐component systems are useful for the design and production of devices for technological applications with relevance beyond the observed in the more restricted single component systems.
Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by DNA Methylation
Authors: Wang Shirong , Zha Lin , Cui Xin , Yeh Yu‐Te , Liu Ruochuan , Jing Jia , Shi Huidong , Chen Weiping , Hanover John , Yin Jun , Yu Liqing , Xue Bingzhong , Shi Hang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile extensive investigations have been devoted to the study of genetic pathways related to fatty liver diseases, much less is known about epigenetic mechanisms underlying these disorders. DNA methylation is an epigenetic link between environmental factors (e.g., diets) and complex diseases (e.g., non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease). Here, it is aimed to study the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. A dynamic change in the DNA methylome in the liver of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice is discovered, including a marked increase in DNA methylation at the promoter of Beta‐klotho (Klb), a co‐receptor for the biological functions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15/19 and FGF21. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1 and 3A mediate HFD‐induced methylation at the Klb promoter. Notably, HFD enhances DNMT1 protein stability via a ubiquitination‐mediated mechanism. Liver‐specific deletion of Dnmt1 or 3a increases Klb expression and ameliorates HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis. Single‐nucleus RNA sequencing analysis reveals pathways involved in fatty acid oxidation in Dnmt1‐deficient hepatocytes. Targeted demethylation at the Klb promoter increases Klb expression and fatty acid oxidation, resulting in decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. Up‐regulation of methyltransferases by HFD may induce hypermethylation of the Klb promoter and subsequent down‐regulation of Klb expression, resulting in the development of hepatic steatosis.
From Phenomenon to Essence: A Newly Involved lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 Protective Mechanism of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Zhangdi Hanjing , Jiang Yanan , Gao Yang , Li Shuang , Xu Ruiling , Shao Jing , Liu Jingyang , Hu Ying , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Lei , Qi Jihan , Geng Xinyu , Jin Shizhu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have a protective effect against liver cirrhosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, it is aimed to clarify the lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 involved protective mechanism of BMSCs in liver cirrhosis. This study found that BMSCs treatment attenuates CCl4‐induced liver cirrhosis in mice. Additionally, the expression of lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 is upregulated in human and mouse liver cirrhosis tissues, in addition to TGF‐β1‐treated LX2 cells and JS1 cells. The expression of Kcnq1ot1 in liver cirrhosis is reversed with BMSCs treatment. The knockdown of Kcnq1ot1 alleviated liver cirrhosis both in vivo and in vitro. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirms that Kcnq1ot1 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of JS1 cells. It is predicted that miR‐374‐3p can directly bind with lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 and Fstl1, which is verified via luciferase activity assay. The inhibition of miR‐374‐3p or the overexpression of Fstl1 can attenuate the effect of Kcnq1ot1 knockdown. In addition, the transcription factor Creb3l1 is upregulated during JS1 cells activation. Moreover, Creb3l1 can directly bind to the Kcnq1ot1 promoter and positively regulate its transcription. In conclusion, BMSCs alleviate liver cirrhosis by modulating the Creb3l1/lncRNA Kcnq1ot1/miR‐374‐3p/Fstl1 signaling pathway.
High‐Performance Industrial‐Grade CsPbBr3 Single Crystal by Solid–Liquid Interface Engineering
Authors: Sun Qihao , Ge Bangzhi , Xiao Bao , Li Fangpei , Ji Leilei , Yin Ziang , Guo Jun , Tang Jia , Zhou Chongjian , Jie Wanqi , Zhu Menghua , Xu Yadong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll‐inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbBr3 crystal is regarded as an attractive alternative to high purity Ge and CdZnTe for room temperature γ‐ray detection. However, high γ‐ray resolution is only observable in small CsPbBr3 crystal; more practical and deployable large crystal exhibits very low, and even no detection efficiency, thereby thwarting prospects for cost‐effective room temperature γ‐ray detection. The poor performance of large crystal is attributed to the unexpected secondary phase inclusion during crystal growth, which traps the generated carriers. Here, the solid–liquid interface during crystal growth is engineered by optimizing the temperature gradient and growth velocity. This minimizes the unfavorable formation of the secondary phase, leading to industrial‐grade crystals with a diameter of 30 mm. This excellent‐quality crystal exhibits remarkably high carrier mobility of 35.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and resolves the peak of 137Cs@ 662 keV γ‐ray at an energy resolution of 9.91%. These values are the highest among previously reported large crystals.
Promoting Air Stability of Li Anode via an Artificial Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Layer for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Houzhen , Zhang Feng , Wei Wangran , Zhao Xiaoru , Dong Huitong , Yan Chuncheng , Jiang Hechun , Sang Yuanhua , Chen Hao , Liu Hong , Wang Shuhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLithium metal is a promising candidate for the high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the high instability of Li against air and dendrite growth during cycling are the key challenges hindering the commercial application of the Li metal battery (LMB). In this study, an organic/inorganic hybrid artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is introduced on Li surface via dipping Li into 0.1 m zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate solution for 1 min. The key components that endow stability to Li in air for 4 h are analyzed via theoretical calculations. The results confirm that LiF and Zn absorbed with CF3 organic groups can reduce the absorption energy of O2, H2O, and CO2 on Li, thereby limiting the reaction of Li with ambient air. The Li anode with an organic/inorganic hybrid SEI cycles over 600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 in symmetric cell and 500 cycles in a Li||LiFePO4 full cell, after exposure to ambient air for 4 h. Moreover, the organic/inorganic SEI can facilitate the Li+ transformation and suppress the growth of Li dendrites. The designed air‐stable and dendrite‐free Li metal anodes are promising for practical applications of LMBs.
Covid‐19 and caste inequalities in India: The critical role of social identity in pandemic‐induced job losses
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini , Ramachandran Rajesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing panel data for the period between April 2019 and September 2021, this paper investigates how the Covid‐19 pandemic‐induced lockdowns imposed differential labor market shocks on different social identity groups. We find that while all caste groups lost jobs in the first 2 months of the lockdown, the job losses for lowest‐ranked caste are greater by factor of more than two. The data shows that caste gaps in employment outcomes remain sizeable, even when we compare groups within the same industry, occupations, or those who have completed secondary schooling. These findings suggest that caste is not merely a proxy for class, and identity‐based policies might be essential to overcoming these disparities.
Farmer–buyer relationships and sustainable agricultural practices in the food supply chain: The case of vegetables in Chile
Authors: Benitez‐Altuna Francisco , Materia Valentina C. , Bijman Jos , Gaitán‐Cremaschi Daniel , Trienekens Jacques 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how the relationship between farmers and buyers affects the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in the vegetable sector in Chile. Specifically, we focus on the dyadic relationships between farmers and different types of buyers, including besides lead firms, intermediaries, and wholesalers, which have received little attention in the scientific literature. Our analysis focuses on formal and informal contracts as governance forms between farmers and buyers, and explores the correlation between contract provisions (e.g., quality, quantity, and the provision of services), relationship attributes (i.e., satisfaction, trust, and opportunism) and adoption of SAPs. We gathered survey data from 352 vegetable farmers in Chile and employed analysis of variance and logit modeling for our analysis. Our findings indicate that small‐scale farmers primarily engage with intermediaries using informal contracts, while medium‐scale farmers trade with wholesalers through spot markets, and large‐scale farmers with lead firms using formal contracts. We also found that farmers who traded through informal contracts, mainly with intermediaries, reported greater satisfaction in the farmer‐buyer relationship than farmers trading through formal contracts. However, farmers engaging in informal contracts were less likely to adopt SAPs than farmers trading through formal contracts. Our results suggest that the governance form (contracts or spot market) adopted for the relationship between farmers and buyers influences the adoption of SAPs, while the impact of relationship attributes on SAP adoption is less clear. A deeper understanding of buyers and their relationship with farmers is essential to enhance policies encouraging SAP adoption in regional and local fresh food supply chains. [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q15, Q56].
Complementary roles of hummingbirds and bees: Pollen pickup, pollen deposition, and fruit production in the distylous Palicourea rigida
Authors: Furtado Marco Túlio , Matias Raphael , Pérez‐Barrales Rocío , Consolaro Hélder 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseDistyly is a condition in which individual plants in a population express two floral morphs, L‐ and S‐morph, characterized by reciprocal placements of anthers and stigmas between morphs. The function of distyly requires that pollinators collect pollen from L‐ and S‐morphs on different parts along their bodies to then deposit it on the stigmas of the opposite morph, known as legitimate pollination. However, different pollinator groups might differ in the ability to transfer pollen legitimately.MethodsWe investigated patterns of pollen pickup along the body of different functional groups (hummingbirds and bees) using preserved specimens to analyze their role in the reproductive success of Palicourea rigida. We measured pollen deposition on the body of pollinators, on stigmas, and fruit production after a single visit.ResultsPollen from L‐ and S‐flowers appeared segregated on different body parts of the hummingbird and bee used in the study. S‐pollen was deposited primarily on the proximal regions (near the head), and L‐pollen was placed in the distal regions (tip of the proboscis and bill). Hummingbirds were more efficient at legitimate pollination than bees, particularly to S‐stigmas. However, fruit formation after single visits by both pollinators was similar.ConclusionsThe morphology of distylous flowers allows the segregated placement of L‐and S‐pollen on different body parts of the animal specimens used, facilitating the promotion of legitimate pollen transfer, an observation consistent between the two functional pollinator groups. Also, the results show that full fruit set requires more than one visit.
Comparative morphofunctional analysis of axial skeleton excluding the skull of primates based on the anatomical, radiographic, and tomographic description of the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)
Authors: La Salles Ana Y. F. , de Andrade Jéssica K. , de Souza Joyce G. , Freitas Kelvis de B. , Carreiro Artur da N. , Veloso Edson V. L. , Rocha Ediane F. , Klem Marcius A. P. , Mendonça Fábio T. M. , de Menezes Danilo J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComparative anatomy the basis for studies of evolution, and radiographic and tomographic aspects, as auxiliary methods in the investigation of anatomical particularities, reinforce evolutionary research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the vertebrae, sternum, and ribs of the capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) by means of anatomical dissection and radiographic and tomographic images. To this purpose, four cadavers were used in the anatomical analysis and five living animals for the imaging exams. The bones were described and compared with data from other primates species found in literature. Student's t‐test for independent samples was performed. The vertebral column of the comprises seven cervical, 13 or 14 thoracic, five or six lumbar, two or three sacral, and 23 or 24 caudal vertebrae. The atlas is characterized by three foramina on the wing. The seventh cervical vertebra had a transverse foramen in one specimen. The anticlinal vertebra is always the penultimate thoracic one, the ninth pair of ribs is always the last sternal pair, and the last two are buoyant. The sternal was composed of five or six sternebrae. The lumbar vertebrae showed a bifurcated spinous process. Three different sacral morphologies were observed. The structures identified macroscopically could be well determined through radiographic and tomographic images. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics more similar to those of man and of platirrinos monkeys. The knowledge obtained by macroscopic anatomy and tomographic and radiological exams contributes significantly to comparative evolutionary studies.
Vibration‐driven Reduction of CO2 to Acetate with 100 % Selectivity by SnS Nanobelt Piezocatalysts
Authors: Tian Wenrou , Li Najun , Chen Dongyun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , Yan Chenglin , Lu Jianmei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConverting CO2 into high‐value C2 chemicals such as acetate with high selectivity and efficiency is a critical issue in renewable energy storage. Herein, for the first time we present a vibration‐driven piezocatalysis with tin(II) monosulfide (SnS) nanobelts for conversion of CO2 to acetate with 100 % selectivity, and the highest production rate (2.21 mM h−1) compared with reported catalysts. Mechanism analysis reveal that the polarized charges triggered by periodic mechanical vibration promote the adsorption and activation of CO2. The electron transfer can be facilitated due to built‐in electric field, decreased band gap and work function of SnS under stress. Remarkably, reduced distance between active sites leads to charge enrichment on Sn sites, promoting the C−C coupling, reducing the energy barriers of the rate determining step. It puts forward a bran‐new strategy for converting CO2 into high‐value C2 products with efficient, low‐cost and environment‐friendly piezocatalysis utilizing mechanical energy.