bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREM2-dependent senescent microglia conserved in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rachmian N , Medina S. , Cherqui U. , Akiva H. , Deitch D , Edilbi D , Croese T. , Salame TM. , Peralta Ramos JM. , Cahalon L. , Krizhanovsky V. , Schwartz M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDementia in general, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular, are age-related diseases1,2. AD is associated with multiple causative factors3,4, among which local brain inflammation plays a significant role5. Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells6,7, are activated along the disease course7. Yet, their contribution to the disease progression is still controversial. Here, using high-throughput mass cytometry for microglial immuno-phenotyping, we identified accumulation of senescent microglia in several pathologies associated with cognitive decline. These senescent microglia have a unique profile conserved across the multiple conditions investigated, including aging, mouse models of amyloidosis, and tauopathy. Moreover, we found that the expression of markers of senescence correlates with levels of TREM2, whose polymorphism was identified by GWAS as an AD risk factor8,9. A TREM2-null AD mouse model showed lower levels of senescent microglia, relative to TREM2-intact AD mice. Senolysis using the drug ABT-73710,11in an AD mouse model reduced the abundance of TREM2-senescent microglia without affecting levels of TREM2-dependent activated microglia, ameliorated cognitive deficits, and reduced brain inflammation. These results reveal the unexpected contribution of TREM2 to accumulation of senescent microglia in AD pathology, an effect that must be considered when targeting TREM2 as a therapeutic approach.
Agrobacteria deploy two classes of His-Me finger superfamily nuclease effectors exerting different antibacterial capacities against specific bacterial competitors
Authors: Santos Mary Nia M. , Pintor Katherine L. , Hsieh Pei-Yu , Cheung Yee-Wai , Sung Li-Kang , Shih Yu-Ling , Lai Erh-Min 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTType VI secretion system (T6SS) assembles into a contractile nanomachine to inject effectors across bacterial membranes for secretion.Agrobacterium tumefaciensspecies complex is a group of soil inhabitants and phytopathogens that deploys T6SS as an antibacterial weapon against bacterial competitors at both inter-species and intra-species levels.A. tumefaciensstrain 1D1609 genome encodes one main T6SS gene cluster and fourvrgGgenes (i.e.vgrGa-d), each encoding a spike protein as an effector carrier. Previous study reported thatvgrGa-associated gene 2, named asv2a,encodes a His-Me finger nuclease toxin (also named as HNH/ENDO VII nuclease) contributing to DNase-mediated antibacterial activity. However, the functions and roles of other putative effectors remain unknown. In this study, we identifiedvgrGc-associated gene 2 (v2c) that encodes another His-Me finger nuclease but with distinct SHH motif differed from AHH motif of V2a. We demonstrated that the ectopic expression of V2c caused growth inhibition, plasmid DNA degradation, and cell elongation inEscherichia coli. The cognate immunity protein, V3c, neutralizes the DNase activity and rescues phenotypes of the growth inhibition and cell elongation. Ectopic expression of V2c DNase-inactive variants retains the cell elongation phenotype while V2a induced cell elongation in a DNase-mediated manner. We also showed that the amino acids of conserved SHH and HNH motifs are responsible for the V2c DNase activityin vivoandin vitro. Notably, V2c also mediated the DNA degradation and cell elongation of target cell in the context of interbacterial competition. Importantly, V2a and V2c exhibit different capacities against different bacterial species and function synergistically to exert stronger antibacterial activity against the soft rot phytopathogen,Dickeya dadantii.
Binding to nucleosome poises human SIRT6 for histone H3 deacetylation
Authors: Smirnova Ekaterina , Bignon Emmanuelle , Schultz Patrick , Papai Gabor , Ben-Shem Adam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an NAD+dependent histone H3 deacetylase that is prominently found associated with chromatin, attenuates transcriptionally active promoters and regulates DNA repair, metabolic homeostasis and lifespan. Unlike other sirtuins, it has low affinity to free histone tails but demonstrates strong binding to nucleosomes. It is poorly understood how SIRT6 docking on nucleosomes stimulates its histone deacetylation activity. Here we present the structure of human SIRT6 bound to a nucleosome determined by cryogenic electron microscopy. The zinc finger domain of SIRT6 associates tightly with the acidic patch of the nucleosome through multiple arginine anchors. The Rossmann fold domain binds to the terminus of the looser DNA half of the nucleosome, detaching two turns of the DNA from the histone octamer and placing the NAD+binding pocket close to the DNA exit site. This domain shows flexibility with respect to the fixed zinc finger and moves with, but also relative to, the unwrapped DNA terminus. We apply molecular dynamics simulations of the histone tails in the nucleosome to show that in this mode of interaction, the active site of SIRT6 is perfectly poised to catalyze deacetylation of the H3 histone tail and that the partial unwrapping of the DNA allows even lysines close to the H3 core to reach the enzyme.
Going back to ‘basics’: Harlow’s learning set task with wolves and dogs
Authors: Rivas-Blanco Dániel , Monteiro Tiago , Virányi Zsófia , Range Friederike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo survive and reproduce, animals need to behave adaptively by adjusting their behavior to their environment, with learning facilitating some of these processes. Despite the fact that dogs were the subject species for Pavlov’s original studies on learning, relatively little research has been done exploring dogs’ basic learning capabilities, and even fewer focused on the impact evolution may have had on this behavior. In order to investigate the effects of dog domestication on instrumental learning, we tested similarly-raised wolves and dogs in Harlow’s “learning set” task. In Experiment 1, several pairs of objects were presented to the animals, one of which was baited while the other was not. Both species’ performance gradually improved with each new set of objects, showing that they “learnt to learn” but no differences were found between the species in their learning speed. In Experiment 2 addressing reversal learning, once subjects had learned the association between one of the objects and the food reward, the contingencies were reversed and the previously unrewarded object of the same pair was now rewarded. Dogs’ performance in this task proved to be better than wolves’, albeit only when considering just the first session of each reversal, suggesting that either the dogs had not learned the previous association as well as the wolves or that dogs are more flexible than wolves. Further research (possibly with the aid of refined methods such as touchscreens) would help ascertain whether these differences between wolves and dogs are persistent across different learning tasks.
Nerve injury disrupts temporal processing in the spinal cord dorsal horn through alterations in PV+interneurons
Authors: Rankin Genelle , Chirila Anda M. , Emanuel Alan J. , Zhang Zihe , Woolf Clifford J. , Drugowitsch Jan , Ginty David D. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryHow mechanical allodynia following nerve injury is encoded in patterns of neural activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) is not known. We addressed this using the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain andin vivoelectrophysiological recordings. Surprisingly, despite dramatic behavioral over-reactivity to mechanical stimuli following nerve injury, an overall increase in sensitivity or reactivity of DH neurons was not observed. We did, however, observe a marked decrease in correlated neural firing patterns, including the synchrony of mechanical stimulus-evoked firing, across the DH. Alterations in DH temporal firing patterns were recapitulated by silencing DH parvalbumin+(PV+) inhibitory interneurons, previously implicated in mechanical allodynia, as were allodynic pain-like behaviors in mice. These findings reveal decorrelated DH network activity, driven by alterations in PV+interneurons, as a prominent feature of neuropathic pain, and suggest that restoration of proper temporal activity is a potential treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.
Repertoire and abundance of secreted virulence factors shape the pathogenic capacity ofPseudomonas syringaepv.aptata
Authors: Nikolić Ivan , Glatter Timo , Ranković Tamara , Berić Tanja , Stanković Slaviša , Diepold Andreas 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTPseudomonas syringaepv.aptatais a member of the sugar beet pathobiome and the causative agent of leaf spot disease. Like many pathogenic bacteria,P. syringaerelies on the secretion of toxins, which manipulate host-pathogen interactions, to establish and maintain an infection. This study analyzes the secretome of six pathogenicP. syringaepv.aptatastrains with different defined virulence capacities in order to identify common and strain-specific features, and correlate the secretome with disease outcome. All strains show a high type III secretion system (T3SS) and type VI secretion system (T6SS) activity under apoplast-like conditions mimicking the infection. Surprisingly, we found that low pathogenic strains show a higher secretion of most T3SS substrates, whereas a distinct subgroup of four effectors was exclusively secreted in medium and high pathogenic strains. Similarly, we detected two T6SS secretion patterns: while one set of proteins was highly secreted in all strains, another subset consisting of known T6SS substrates and previously uncharacterized proteins was exclusively secreted in medium and high virulence strains. Taken together, our data show thatP. syringaepathogenicity is correlated with the repertoire and fine-tuning of effector secretion and indicate distinct strategies for establishing virulence ofP. syringaepv.aptatain plants.
Data mining–based stock price prediction using hybridization of technical and fundamental analysis
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Dharni Khushdeep 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe stock market generates massive databases of various financial companies that are highly volatile and complex. To forecast daily stock values of these companies, investors frequently use technical analysis or fundamental analysis. Data mining techniques coupled with fundamental and technical analysis types have the potential to give satisfactory results for stock market prediction. In the current paper, an effort is made to investigate the accuracy of stock market predictions by using the combined approach of variables from technical and fundamental analysis for the creation of a data mining predictive model.Design/methodology/approachWe chose 381 companies from the National Stock Exchange of India's CNX 500 index and conducted a two-stage data analysis. The first stage is identifying key fundamental variables and constructing a portfolio based on that study. Artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machines (SVM) and decision tree J48 were used to build the models. The second stage entails applying technical analysis to forecast price movements in the companies included in the portfolios. ANN and SVM techniques were used to create predictive models for all companies in the portfolios. We also estimated returns using trading decisions based on the model's output and then compared them to buy-and-hold returns and the return of the NIFTY 50 index, which served as a benchmark.FindingsThe results show that the returns of both the portfolios are higher than the benchmark buy-and-hold strategy return. It can be concluded that data mining techniques give better results, irrespective of the type of stock, and have the ability to make up for poor stocks. The comparison of returns of portfolios with the return of NIFTY as a benchmark also indicates that both the portfolios are generating higher returns as compared to the return generated by NIFTY.Originality/valueAs stock prices are influenced by both technical and fundamental indicators, the current paper explored the combined effect of technical analysis and fundamental analysis variables for Indian stock market prediction. Further, the results obtained by individual analysis have also been compared. The proposed method under study can also be utilized to determine whether to hold stocks for the long or short term using trend-based research.
Blockholder ownership and corporate cash holdings: evidence from European firms
Authors: Alomran Abdulaziz Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of ownership by large shareholders (blockholders) on corporate cash holdings. The study further investigates heterogeneity in the relationship between blockholder ownership and corporate cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on the precautionary and agency motives of corporate cash holdings, the study focuses on publicly listed firms from 22 European countries for the period from 2006 to 2015. Multiple pooled ordinary least square and fixed effects regression models are employed to examine the relationship between blockholder ownership and firms’ cash holdings.FindingsThis study documents a positive relationship between blockholder ownership and corporate cash holdings which indicates the role of blockholders in influencing firms’ cash holdings policies. However, further analyses show that the effect of blockholding on cash holdings depends on the type of blockholder. While the relationship is still positive between cash holdings and ownership by strategic blockholders, it turns negative for the ownership by institutional blockholders.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides evidence for the important role played by firms’ ownership structures, and especially blockholding, in shaping firms’ cash holdings decisions. The findings are therefore of great value for investors, firms’ management and board and policy makers.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by providing an explanation of the contradictory results documented in the literature on the impact of blockholders on corporate cash holdings. This study, to the best of the author’s knowledge, is the first to examine the effect of blockholder ownership on cash holdings by distinguishing between different types of blockholder.
Offering technologies for innovation: strategies and challenges
Authors: Goebel Karin , Losekann Sabrine Dias , Polla Paola Thalissa Bartoski , Montenegro Karla Bernardo Mattoso , Ávila Andréa Rodrigues 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to analyze the strategies and challenges related to technology transfer (TT) in technology transfer offices (TTOs), specifically regarding actions to offer technologies in their portfolios.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research used a multiple case study based on interviews with TTO managers from seven Brazilian public Science and Technology Institutions (STIs): University of São Paulo (USP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulista State University (UNESP), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ).FindingsSTIs that invest more resources in their portfolio’s active offering and marketing are more successful in TT than STIs with a passive strategy. Although this active strategy has grown in importance, there is a disparity among Brazilian TTOs as some are still passive in commercializing their intellectual property. This research also highlights the need for clear policies to overcome obstacles related to legal uncertainty for researchers who wish to undertake projects as entrepreneurs using the intellectual property of STIs.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study cannot be generalized since its conclusions are limited to the studied institutions. However, the outcomes indicate some interesting matters for managers of STIs, public policymakers and TT researchers.Originality/valueLiterature on marketing and innovation related to TT between research institutions and companies in developing countries is still limited. Thus, this research contributes to generating knowledge in the field and improving TTOs.
Students' employability confidence in COVID-19 pandemic: role of career anxiety and perceived distress
Authors: Qazi Wasim , Qazi Zubaida , Raza Syed Ali , Hakim Shah Faiza , Khan Komal Akram 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe present research aims to investigate the impact of “COVID-19 phobia” factors (psychological, social, economic and psychosomatic) on career anxiety and perceived distress. Further, this research assesses whether career anxiety and perceived distress foster or diminish students' employability confidence.Design/methodology/approach“Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)” has been used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results depict that factors (psychological, economic and psychosomatic) are positively and significantly associated with career anxiety and perceived distress. However, social factors indicate an adverse impact on perceived distress. Further, career anxiety and perceived distress positively influence employability confidence, but the associations are not highly impactful.Originality/valueThis research elucidates an unexplored phenomenon in the context of a developing country that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phobia scale (i.e. psychological, social, economic and psychosomatic) result in career anxiety and distress. Moreover, no studies highlighted the direct impact of career anxiety and perceived distress on employability confidence.
The synergistic effect of the industrial international competitiveness and coopetition network position on market share: evidence from global automobile industry
Authors: Guan Feiyang , Wang Tienan , Sun Linbing 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how the firm’s global coopetition network position impacts market share and to explore the multiple moderating effects of trade network strength and structures on the relationship between firm global coopetition network position and market share.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper selects global automobile manufacturing firms as samples whose classification is “Automobile” in the Factiva database from 2014 to 2018 and develops the measurement for global coopetition network and trade network by using Ucinet6. Finally, Stata was used for data analysis.

Findings
This paper finds that structural holes and centrality are beneficial to improve global market share. And the trade network strength and structures have positive multiple moderating effects on the relationship between the firm global coopetition network position and market share.

Originality/value
This paper explores industrial international competitiveness according to the intricate trade relations among countries and the impact of industrial international competitiveness on the relationship between global coopetition network position of brand firms and market share. The results of this paper expand the current literature on the relationship between characteristics of coopetition network and trade network.
Place attachment in coffee shops: a customer perspective study in North Cyprus
Authors: Haktanir Mine , Gullu Ezgi 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis study aims to develop a better understanding of the key determinants of repetitive visits to coffee shops. The paper intends to answer a simple, yet crucial question, “Why do people go to coffee shops repeatedly, and frequently?”.Design/methodology/approachTwo coffee shops in North Cyprus are used as case studies in order to provide in-depth information about the perceptions and experiences of coffee shop clients, managers and staff. An inductive methodological structure together with qualitative data collection methods provided a rich, exploratory setting.FindingsA social network of customers and employees, communication with familiar people and sharing a homely feel are found to be the key determinants of clients' attachment. Comfort, security, sense of belonging and the convenience of the place also play a pivotal role. The traditional habit of coffee drinking is a prime motivation for people of this area to meet up and socialize.Practical implicationsManagers can optimize operational results as it is evident that social and cultural elements are the key drivers for repeat customer visits, while regional planners can set society-driven policies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by using a holistic approach to understand the factors which influence revisit intentions of coffee shop clients in relation to the third place, the place attachment and the service space concepts. The research approach employed is also significant as it enabled the presentation of the real-life dynamics and its relation to the literature.
The effects of augmented reality shopping experiences: immersion, presence and satisfaction
Authors: tom Dieck M. Claudia , Cranmer Eleanor , Prim Alexandre Luis , Bamford David 
Published: March 2023

PurposeAugmented reality (AR) is transforming the business and interactive marketing landscape. This research aims to investigate consumers' degree of involvement and if a feeling of immersion and presence influences AR shopping satisfaction, comparing high- and low-immersive AR experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a quantitative approach. Two studies were carried out: a high-immersive AR experiment with 173 participants and a low-immersive AR experience with 222 participants. Findings were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling with SmartPLS.FindingsResults indicate the antecedents of immersion and presence differ when it comes to different immersive AR levels. In a high-immersive AR experience, flow, information seeking and novelty are attributes related to immersion, while enjoyment and personalization are related to presence. Contrastingly, in a low-immersive AR experience, only flow is related to immersion, while information seeking, novelty and personalization are related to presence. These results highlight the role of immersion and presence as mediators for AR shopping satisfaction experience.Originality/valueThis study's originality lies in the use of a rival model for analysis. Findings suggest a contingent perspective of AR experience, depending on high- or low-immersion experience, so companies must pay attention for how to measure AR experiences to increase involvement and satisfaction.