bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an educational video to improve examination skills in Neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Quiles Rocio Nur Villar , Bouaoud Jebrane , Foy Jean Philippe , Behin Anthony , Nguyen Tan Mai , Masingue Marion , Iniesto Miguel , Stojkovic Tanya , Idbaih Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:The acquisition of practical skills is one of the main objectives of medical education. Multimedia learning tools have proven to be effective and attractive in the field of medical education and video tools can contribute to the learning of different clinical skills. Our aim is to develop a video on the learning of the neuromuscular (NM) examination for medical students.Methods:We created a 18-minutes video showing a systematic NM examination, the main pathological signs and their semiological/topographical value. 27 medical students (group A) watched the NM video and filled out a NM and a control questionnaires before and after the viewing. A control group (termed B, n= 15) filled out both questionnaires before and after watching a control video. Students from the NM group also completed a survey on the utility of the video.Results:After viewing of the NM video, the group A students significantly improved their score on the NM questionnaire (6.36 ± 1.62 vs 9.12 ± 0.69, p <0.001) but not on the control questionnaire (3.58 ± 1.49 vs 3.59 ± 1.72, p=0.868). Conversely, the group B students significantly improved their score on the control questionnaire (6.03 ± 1.39 vs 8.22 ± 1.12, p<0.0001) but not on the NM questionnaire (6.16 ± 1.67 vs 6.06 ± 2.0, p=0.889). The students self-scored their knowledge in NM at 5/10 and 7.4/10 on a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after watching the NM video respectively. The overall usefulness of the NM video was scored 8.7/10. It was considered useful mainly for consolidating learning of the NM examination, illustrating rare semiological signs, preparing for practical evaluations and reinforcing confidence before meeting patients.Conclusions:Our video is well appreciated and useful to self-learning the NM examination and to strengthen students' self-confidence. Improving knowledge and skills is essential for optimizing early diagnosis and management of patients suffering from rare diseases such as NM diseases. Thus, video tools are suitable and relevant to improve practical skills and could be effectively used to complement classical teaching methods in the NM field.
Lessons from the Global Fund-Supported Procurement and Supply Chain Investments in Zimbabwe: a mixed methods study
Authors: Lesego Abaleng , Were Lawrence , Tsegaye Tsion , Rafiu Idris , Morrison Linden , Peterson Tatjana , Elhussein Sheza , Antonio Esther , Magwindiri Godfrey , Dumba Ivan , Mtambirwa Cleyland , Madzikwa Newman , Simbi Raiva , Ndlovu Misheck , Achoki Tom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Access to essential medicines, vaccines and other health technologies are strategic pillars of any health system. To this end, the Global Fund partnered with the Zimbabwean government to provide end-to-end support to strengthen the procurement and supply chain within the health system. This was accomplished through a series of strategic interventions that included infrastructure and fleet improvement, training of personnel, modern equipment acquisition and warehouse optimisation.
Methods
The impact assessment employed a convergent mixed methods design, that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative part entailed the analysis of program data covering the period 2018 – 2021. The qualitative part comprised key informant interviews using a structured questionnaire. Informants included stakeholders that were privy to the Global Fund-supported initiatives in Zimbabwe. The data collected through the interviews were transcribed in full and subjected to thematic content analysis.
Results
Over 90% of public health facilities were covered by the procurement and distribution system. Timeliness of order fulfilment (within 90 days) at the facility level improved from an average of 42% to over 90% within the 4-year implementation period. Stockout rates for HIV drugs and test kits declined by 14% and 49% respectively. Population coverage for HIV treatment for both adults and children remained consistently high despite the increasing prevalence of people living with HIV. The value of expired commodities was reduced by 93% over the 4-year period.
Further, there was consensus that support from Global Fund was instrumental in improving the country's procurement and supply chain capacity. Key areas identified include improved infrastructure and equipment, data and information systems, health workforce and financing. The majority of the participants also cited the Global Fund-supported warehouse optimization as critical to improving inventory management practices.
Discussion
Government and the health donor community, need to collaborate through joint planning and implementation in order to strengthen health systems. Organizational autonomy and sharing of best practices in management while strengthening accountability systems are fundamentally important in the efforts to build institutional capacity.
Transcranial photosensitiser-free laser treatment of glioblastoma in rat brain
Authors: Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana , Sokolovski Sergei , Noghero Alessio , Bragin Denis , Bragina Olga , Fedosov Ivan , Shirokov Alexander , Navolokin Nikita , Bucharskaya Alla , Khorovodov Alexander , Blokina Inna , Terskov Andrey , Dubrovski Alexander , Telnova Valeria , Tsoy Maria , Borisova Ekaterina , Kurths Jurgen , Rafailov Edik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor sixty years, laser technologies have undergone a technological revolution and become one of the main tools in biomedicine, particularly in neuroscience, neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours. Glioblastoma is the most lethal form of brain cancer with very limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. In this study on rats we demonstrate that the glioblastoma (GBM) growth can be suppressed by photosensitiser-free laser-treatment (PS-free-LT) using a quantum-dot based 1267 nm laser diode. This wavelength, highly absorbed by oxygen, is capable of turning triplet oxygen to singlet form. Applying the 1267nm laser irradiation for a 4 week course with a total dose of 12.7 kJ/cm2firmly suppresses GBM growth and increases the survival rate from 34% up to 64%, presumably via the LT-activated apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation of the tumour cells, reduction of the intracranial pressure and stimulation of the lymphatic drainage and clearing functions. The PS-free-LT is promising breakthrough technology when developed and clinically approved becomes a successful non- or minimally-invasive therapy for superficial GBMs in infants as well as in adult patients with high photosensitive or an allergic reaction to PSs.
The high strength cable truss system control of the surrounding coal roadway excavated in regions left intensively mining-induced stresses
Authors: Xu Zhijun , Li Chong , Tai Lianhai , Yan Hong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The layout of coal roadways in the high stress concentration area is a typical coal roadway difficult to control problem, solving this problem is crucial to ensuring safe production in coal mines. This paper takes a typical roadway of Zhongxing Coal Industry in Fenxi, Shanxi Province as an example to monitor the on-site mine pressure of the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock during the excavation of the roadway. At the same time, a top-gang high-strength double-anchor cable truss support system with high preload is proposed, and its control mechanism and structural characteristics are analyzed in detail. Flac3D numerical simulation was used to analyze the stress distribution characteristics of roadway in the strong mining stress concentration zone, the new support scheme of 1409 airway with the top gang high-strength double anchor cable truss system as the core was finally determined,and industrial tests are carried out on site. The test results show that the roof-to-floor convergence and rib-to-rib convergence are not higher than 79mm and 191mm, respectively, and the surrounding rock control effect of the roadway is remarkable, and the surrounding rock deformation of the 1409 airway is effectively controlled. The support control technology system can provide certain reference value for roadways with similar production geological conditions.
Predicting urban food consumption patterns using power law scaling
Authors: West Jason 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Power law scaling has been reliably used to project the growth of socio-economic factors in cities as a function of population. We apply a variant of power law scaling to differentiate consumption patterns across major food and fiber categories in growing urban environments relative to rural environments. Using data from China over a 36-year period, we empirically demonstrate that there is a systematic dependence of urban food consumption on city population size. We derive a general function of food consumption based on the rate of urbanization that behaves with quantitative regularity. We further show the contrast between rural and urban food consumption, manifest by urban efficiency gains, which also displays quantifiable scaling relationships. In urban areas, we find that meat consumption increases by 70–80 percent while grain and vegetable consumption declines by 16 percent with each doubling of the population. There is no implicit suggestion of a causal relation between urban scaling and urban consumption; rather, the scaling approach reveals a systematic relationship between urban population size and food consumption patterns. The scaling of wealth creation may dictate affordability and desirability, but without the efficiencies achieved through scale, urban food consumption would remain constrained.
JEL codes: Q11, Q18, R10
Accelerated Arctic warming causes Eurasian cooling via nonlinear feedback of reduced synoptic eddy activities in winter
Authors: Yin Manman , Yang Xiu-Qun , Sang Xiaozhuo , Tao Lingfeng , Sun Linyuan , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang , Wang Huijun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Arctic has been experiencing an accelerated/amplified wintertime warming almost synchronously with a cooling in Eurasia during recent decades. Whether and how the warming can cause the Eurasian cooling remains under debate. By identifying daily Arctic warming events on different timescales, we investigate such a causality from a nonlinear perspective and propose a novel mechanism explaining the causality in which a cross-timescale dynamical feedback of daily weather disturbances referred to as synoptic eddies onto mean state is found to be critical. We find direct observational evidence that the Eurasian cooling not only in magnitude but in occurrence frequency is a response to those Arctic warming events with a 2-day lag. We further find that the Arctic warming causes a large reduction of synoptic eddy activities along around 60oN which tend to produce a meridional dipole in geopotential height anomalies characterized by an equivalent barotropic anomalous low (high) and a lower-level cooling (warming) over Eurasia (the Arctic) via nonlinear eddy-to-mean flow feedback in terms of the QGPV dynamics. The eddy feedback-induced near-surface northeasterly anomalies enlarge the Eurasian cooling via increasing cold temperature advection.
Efficient Multichannel in XML Wireless Broadcast Stream
Authors: Khatibi Arezoo , Khatibi Omid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we recommend the use of multi-channel for XML data in wireless broadcasting. First, we divide XML data into information units as buckets, then extract path information (XPath) for any unit and build an index tree from the data path. Finally, we make a wireless data stream by merging parts of an index tree and parts of XML data in multichannel XML. Then, we create a protocol that allows mobile users access to the wireless XML stream generated with our method. We study 11 channels on server side and three orthogonal channels in client side.
Attosecond probing and control of charge migration in carbon-chain molecule
Authors: Lan Pengfei , He Lixin , He Yanqing , Sun Siqi , Goetz Esteban , Le Anh-Thu , Zhu Xiaosong , Lu Peixiang , Lin Chii-Dong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In quantum mechanics, when an electron is quickly ripped off from a molecule, a superposition of new eigenstates of the cation creates an electron wave packet that governs the charge flow inside which has been called charge migration (CM). Experimentally, to extract such dynamics at its natural (attoseconds) timescale is quite difficult. Here, we report the first such experiment in a linear carbon-chain molecule,
butadiyne (C4H2), via high harmonic spectroscopy (HHS). By employing advanced theoretical and computational tools, we showed that the wave packet and the CM of a single molecule is reconstructed from the harmonic spectra for each fixed-in-space
angle of the molecule. For this one-dimensional molecule, we calculate the center of charge (t) to obtain v_{cm}, to quantify the migration speed and how it depends on the orientation angle. The findings also uncover how the electron dynamics at the first few-tens to hundreds attoseconds depends on molecular structure. The method can be extended to other molecules where HHS technique can be employed.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant phenolics from Corchorus olitorius leaves: A response surface optimization
Authors: Biswas Ashok , Dey Susmita , Huang Siqi , Xiao Aiping , Zhang Jiangjiang , Birhanie Ziggiju Mesenbet , Deng Yong , Liu Liangliang , Li Defang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters for total flavonoids and total polyphenols content from Corchorus olitorius leaves employing response surface methodology (RSM). Based on single-factor investigations, a four-factor-five-level Central Composite Design (CCD) with 30 experimental runs has been applied. Results demonstrated that all models were significant and had good accuracy of polynomial quadratic equations (p < 0.05) with a non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05 and adjusted regression coefficient (R2) is > 0.95. Under the optimized conditions, the highest extraction yield of total flavonoids (TFC) (7.17 mg QE/g DW) and total polyphenol content (TPC) (13.92 mg GAE/g DW) were recorded with the ethanol concentration 70.92%, temperature 68.06 ºC, liquid-solid ratio 48.80 mL/mg, and ultrasound irradiation time 37.20 min. The optimum value of TFC (6.96 mg QE/g DW) and TPC (13.38 mg GAE/g DW) from the experiment of validation of optimized conditions, that were close to the predicted value and significantly superior to the conventional heat reflux extraction (HRE). Furthermore, the antioxidant test of the leaves extracts revealed an excellent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•) and hydroxyl radical scavenging with IC50 values of 226.29, 199.53 and 402.02 µg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that optimization of UAE extraction conditions is essential for recovery of bioactive compounds in pharmaceuticals and food industries.
Evolution of promoter-proximal pausing enabled a new layer of transcription control
Authors: Danko Charles , Chivu Alexandra , Abuhashem Abderhman , Barshad Gilad , Rice Edward , Leger Michelle , Vill Albert , Wong Wilfred , Brady Rebecca , Smith Jeramiah , Wikramanayake Athula , Arenas-Mena César , Brito Ilana , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Lis John , Lewis James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a key regulatory step during transcription. Despite the central role of pausing in gene regulation, we do not understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of Pol II pausing or its transition to a rate-limiting step actively controlled by transcription factors. Here we analyzed transcription in species across the tree of life. We found that unicellular eukaryotes display a slow acceleration of Pol II near transcription start sites. This proto-paused-like state transitioned to a longer, focused pause in derived metazoans which coincided with the evolution of new subunits in the NELF and 7SK complexes. Depletion of NELF reverts the mammalian focal pause to a proto-pause-like state and compromises transcriptional activation for a set of heat shock genes. Collectively, this work details the evolutionary history of Pol II pausing and sheds light on how new transcriptional regulatory mechanisms evolve.
A Prognostic Model Based on Nutritional Indexes for Patients with Pan-Cancer: A Real-World Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Lin , Yu Qian-Qian , Ruan Wen-Bin , Chen Jin , Deng Qing-Hua , Zhang Ke , Jiang Xu-Li , Jiang Wen-Jun , Cai Dan-Na , He Chen-Jie , Wang Yu-Feng , Jiang Shen-Li , Chen Ming-Cong , You Guang-Xian , Ying Rong-Biao , Zhou Zhi-Rui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to identify the nutritional indexes, construct a prognostic model, and develop a nomogram for predicting individual survival probability in pan-cancers.
Methods
We collected nutritional indicators, clinicopathological characteristics, and previous major treatment details of the patients. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Lasso regression cross-validation was used to determine the variables to include in the cox regression model. The training cohort was used to build the prediction model, and the validation cohort was used to further verify the discrimination, calibration and clinical effectiveness of the model.
Results
A total of 2,020 patients were included. The median OS was 56.50 months (95% CI, 50.36–62.65 months). In the training cohort of 1,425 patients, through Lasso regression cross-validation, thirteen characteristics were included in the model. Cox proportional hazards model was developed and visualized as a nomogram. The C-indexes of the model for predicting 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year OS were 0.848, 0.826, 0.814 and 0.799 in the training cohort and 0.851, 0.819, 0.814, and 0.801 in the validation cohort. The model showed great calibration in the two cohorts. Patients with a score of less than 274.29 had a better prognosis (training cohort: HR, 6.932; 95% CI, 5.723–8.397; log-rank P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR, 8.429; 95% CI, 6.180-11.497; log-rank P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The prognostic model based on the nutritional indexes of pan-cancer can divide patients into different survival risk groups and performed well in validation cohort.
MOF-Derived Highly Active Co-N-C Hybrid Arrays for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Ruijing , Jiang Lijuan , Wang Qunlong , Wei Guang-Feng , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The design of efficient catalysts with abundant active sites is fascinating but still is a great challenge for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a highly active Co-N-C hybrid array on nickel foam (Co-NCNT/NF) was constructed to enhance the HER activity. The 3D hydroxide nanosheets were utilized as a template and reactant to form the ordered ZIF-8 array by a solid-liquid interfacial release of Zn ions and coordination reaction, and the growth of ZIF-67 on the surface of ZIF-8 arrays assures the introduction of cobalt species into the precursor, catalyzing the formation of active Co-N-C sites. Based on the structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, an optimal configuration of the cobalt (111) face coated by carbon layer with one Co atom coordination to one N and C reveals a multi-site nature of the designed Co-NCNT/NF catalyst, which provided the improved conductivity, 3D hierarchical structure, the uniform distribution and efficient exposure of active Co-N-C sites. A small overpotential of 157 mV at a current density of -10 mA cm− 2 for HER in 1 M KOH was obtained, proving that the optimized proton adsorption on the multi-sites structure promotes the HER activity of Co-NCNT/NF.
Resident physician duty hours, resting times and European Working Time Directive compliance in Spain: a cross sectional study.
Authors: Sanchez Domingo Antonio , Carrasco Juan Pablo , Estrella Pablo , Ruiz Rafael , Aginagalde Adrian Hugo , Garcia Eva , Navarro Joaquin , Cerame Álvaro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: There is a growing interest in understanding the impact of duty hours and resting times on training outcomes and the wellbeing of resident physicians. However, to this date no state-wide analysis exists in any European country.
Objectives: Our aim is to describe the shift work scheduling and to detail the degree of compliance with the Spanish legislation and the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) of Spanish resident physicians, focusing on territorial and specialty distribution.
Material and methods:A descriptive cross-sectional analytical study was designed through an online survey adapted from the existing literature.
Results: Out of the 2,035 surveyed resident physicians undergoing PGT in Spain, 80.49% exceeded the 48h per week limit set by the EWTD and 13% of them did not rest after a 24h on-call shift. The mean number of on-call shifts per month was 5.10, with the highest mean reported in Asturias, La Rioja, and Extremadura. 51.6% of respondents had a day-off after a Saturday on-call shift. Significant differences are observed by region and type of specialty.
Conclusion: Resident physicians in Spain greatly exceed the established 48h/week EWTD limit. Likewise, non-compliance with labor regulations regarding mandatory rest after on-call duty and minimum weekly rest periods are observed.
Lightweight improvement of YOLOv6 algorithm for small target detection
Authors: Wei Jianguo , Qu Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
At present, there are still many obstacles for small target detection in the field of computer vision. Although the existing
target detection technology can extract the semantic information of small targets by multi-scale fusion and other methods,
the detection speed still needs some improvements. In this paper, the target detection algorithm of YOLOv6 is improved
by lightweight. On the basis of VGNetG architecture, a lighter Backbone is redesigned, and ECA attention mechanism with
extended position information is introduced to make up for some loss in detection accuracy, so as to ensure that the model can
obtain lower computation without obvious decrease in detection accuracy. According to the test experiment of DOTA, a public
data set, the FPS of VE-YOLOv6 proposed in this paper increases by 196, and the model computation and parameter number
decrease by 2.91 and 0.8M, respectively, when the mAP decrease is not obvious with the original YOLOv6 algorithm.
Electrocatalytic Reductive Deuteration of (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Lei Aiwen , Bu Faxiang , Deng Yuqi , Xu Jie , Yang Dali , Li Yan , Li Wu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The incorporation of deuterium to organic molecules have widespread applications in medicinal chemistry and material science1,2. For example, deuterated drugs e.g. Austedo3, Donafenib4 and Sotyktu5 have been approved, recently. Because of all these applications, developing methodologies for the synthesis of deuterated compounds with high deuterium ratios is highly desirable6. However, reductive deuteration of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are ubiquitous skeletal features in inert chemical feedstocks, to saturated cyclic compounds, including heterocyclic skeletons has been rarely achieved. So far, only few methods have been reported for direct reductive deuteration using stoichiometric strong reducing agents or D2. Here, we describe a scalable and general electrocatalytic method for the reductive deuteration and deuterodefluorination of (hetero)arenes using a prepared nitrogen doped electrode and D2O, giving perdeuterated and saturated deuterocarbons. This protocol has been successfully applied to the high incorporation of deuterium in 13 drugs.