bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biometric and gonadosomatic indices and chemical constituents of edible tissues and exoskeletons of Callinectes amnicola and their potential for reuse in the circular economy paradigm
Authors: Jolaosho Toheeb Lekan , Elegbede Isa Olalekan , Akintola Shehu Latunji , Jimoh Abayomi Abdul-Azeez 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study investigates some biological indices and chemical compositions of Callinectes amnicola and their potential for reuse in the context of the circular economy paradigm. The total of 322 mixed-sex C. amnicola collected over a period of six months was examined. The morphometric and meristic characteristics were estimated for biometric assessment. The gonads were obtained from the female crabs for gonadosomatic indices. The shell was obtained using the hand removal technique by detaching it from the crab body. The edible and shell portions were processed separately and subjected to chemical analysis. Our findings showed that females had the highest sex ratio across the six months. The slope values (b) for both sexes exhibited negative allometric growth across all months since the slope values obtained were less than 3 (b < 3). The values obtained for Fulton’s condition factor (K) of crabs in all examined months were greater than 1. The edible portion had the highest moisture level at 62.57 ± 2.16% and varied significantly (P < 0.05). The high amount of total ash obtained in the shell sample showed that ash is the main mineral present in crab shells and showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). The shell sample had the highest concentrations of Na and CaCO3. Based on the findings of this study, it was observed that the shell waste contains some essential and transitional minerals (Ca, CaCO3, Na, and Mg) and can be utilized as catalysts in several local and industrial applications, such as pigments, adsorbents, therapeutics, livestock feeds, biomedical industries, liming, fertilization, and so on. Proper valorization of this shell waste should be encouraged rather than discarding it.
Emerging solutions from the battle of defensive alliances
Authors: Szolnoki Attila , Chen Xiaojie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompeting strategies in an evolutionary game model, or species in a biosystem, can easily form a larger unit which protects them from the invasion of an external actor. Such a defensive alliance may have two, three, four or even more members. But how effective can be such formation against an alternative group composed by other competitors? To address this question we study a minimal model where a two-member and a four-member alliances fight in a symmetric and balanced way. By presenting representative phase diagrams, we systematically explore the whole parameter range which characterizes the inner dynamics of the alliances and the intensity of their interactions. The group formed by a pair, who can exchange their neighboring positions, prevail in the majority of the parameter region. The rival quartet can only win if their inner cyclic invasion rate is significant while the mixing rate of the pair is extremely low. At specific parameter values, when neither of the alliances is strong enough, new four-member solutions emerge where a rock-paper-scissors-like trio is extended by the other member of the pair. These new solutions coexist hence all six competitors can survive. The evolutionary process is accompanied by serious finite-size effects which can be mitigated by appropriately chosen prepared initial states.
New molecular structure based models for estimation of the CO2 solubility in different choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
Authors: Dehkordi Farnoosh , Sobati Mohammad Amin , Gorji Ali Ebrahimpoor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, CO2 solubility in different choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been investigated using the Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship (QSPR). In this regard, the effect of different structures of the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in choline chloride (ChCl) based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been studied in different temperatures and different molar ratios of ChCl as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) to HBD. 12 different datasets with 390 data on the CO2 solubility were chosen from the literature for the model development. Eight predictive models, which contain the pressure and one structural descriptor, have been developed at the fixed temperature (i.e. 293, 303, 313, or 323 K), and the constant molar ratio of ChCl to HBD equal to 1:3 or 1:4. Moreover, two models were also introduced, which considered the effects of pressure, temperature, and HBD structures, simultaneously in the molar ratios equal to 1:3 or 1:4. Two additional datasets were used only for the further external validation of these two models at new temperatures, pressures, and HBD structures. It was identified that CO2 solubility depends on the “EEig02d” descriptor of HBD. “EEig02d” is a molecular descriptor derived from the edge adjacency matrix of a molecule that is weighted by dipole moments. This descriptor is also related to the molar volume of the structure. The statistical evaluation of the proposed models for the unfixed and fixed temperature datasets confirmed the validity of the developed models.
A report of Kabul internet users on self-medication with over-the-counter medicines
Authors: Nemat Arash , Rezayee Khalid Jan , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Mowlabaccus Wafaa binti , Ahmad Shoaib , Mubarak Mohammad Yousuf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSelf-medication (SM) with over-the-counter (OTC) medications is a prevalent issue in Afghanistan, largely due to poverty, illiteracy, and limited access to healthcare facilities. To better understand the problem, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method based on the availability and accessibility of participants from various parts of the city. Descriptive analysis was used to determine frequency and percentage, and the chi-square test was used to identify any associations. The study found that of the 391 respondents, 75.2% were male, and 69.6% worked in non-health fields. Participants cited cost, convenience, and perceived effectiveness as the main reasons for choosing OTC medications. The study also found that 65.2% of participants had good knowledge of OTC medications, with 96.2% correctly recognizing that OTC medications require a prescription, and 93.6% understanding that long-term use of OTC drugs can have side effects. Educational level and occupation were significantly associated with good knowledge, while only educational level was associated with a good attitude towards OTC medications (p < 0.001). Despite having good knowledge of OTC drugs, participants reported a poor attitude towards their use. Overall, the study highlights the need for greater education and awareness about the appropriate use of OTC medications in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Whole exome and transcriptome analysis revealed the activation of ERK and Akt signaling pathway in canine histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Asada Hajime , Tani Akiyoshi , Sakuma Hiroki , Hirabayashi Miyuki , Matsumoto Yuki , Watanabe Kei , Tsuboi Masaya , Yoshida Shino , Harada Kei , Uchikai Takao , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Chambers James K. , Ishihara Genki , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Irie Mitsuhiro , Uchida Kazuyuki , Ohno Koichi , Bonkobara Makoto , Tsujimoto Hajime , Tomiyasu Hirotaka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHistiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an incurable aggressive tumor, and no consensus has been made on the treatment due to its rare occurrence. Since dogs spontaneously develop the disease and several cell lines are available, they have been advocated as translational animal models. In the present study, therefore, we explored gene mutations and aberrant molecular pathways in canine HS by next generation sequencing to identify molecular targets for treatment. Whole exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing revealed gene mutations related to receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and activation of ERK1/2, PI3K-AKT, and STAT3 pathways. Analysis by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is over-expressed. Moreover, activation of ERK and Akt signaling were confirmed in all HS cell lines, and FGFR1 inhibitors showed dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects in two of the twelve canine HS cell lines. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that ERK and Akt signaling were activated in canine HS and drugs targeting FGFR1 might be effective in part of the cases. The present study provides translational evidence that leads to establishment of novel therapeutic strategies targeting ERK and Akt signaling in HS patients.
PD-1 blockade potentiates neoadjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC via increasing CD127+ and KLRG1+ CD8 T cells
Authors: Hui Zhenzhen , Ren Yulin , Zhang Dong , Chen Yulong , Yu Wenwen , Cao Jie , Liu Liang , Wang Tao , Xiao Shanshan , Zheng Liuqing , Pu Yue , Wei Feng , You Jian , Ren Xiubao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe combination of PD-1 blockade with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has achieved unprecedented clinical success in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to NAC alone, but the underlying mechanisms by which PD-1 blockade augments the effects of chemotherapy remain incompletely elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD45+ immune cells isolated from surgically resected fresh tumors of seven NSCLC patients receiving NAC or neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy (NAPC). Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on FFPE tissues before and after NAC or NAPC from 65 resectable NSCLC patients, and results were validated with GEO dataset. NAC resulted in an increase only of CD20+ B cells, whereas NAPC increased the infiltration of CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD127+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD8+CD127+ and CD8+KLRG1+ T cells. Synergistic increase in B and T cells promotes favorable therapeutic response after NAPC. Spatial distribution analysis discovered that CD8+ T cells and their CD127+ and KLRG1+ subsets were in closer proximity to CD4+ T/CD20+ B cells in NAPC versus NAC. GEO dataset validated that B-cell, CD4, memory, and effector CD8 signatures correlated with therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. The addition of PD-1 blockade to NAC promoted anti-tumor immunity through T and B cells recruitment in the tumor microenvironment and induced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells skewed toward CD127+ and KLRG1+ phenotypes, which may be assisted by CD4+ T cells and B cells. Our comprehensive study identified key immune cell subsets exerting anti-tumor responses during PD-1 blockade therapy and that may be therapeutically targeted to improve upon existing immunotherapies for NSCLC.
Histological transformation to gliosarcoma with combined BRAF/MEK inhibition in BRAF V600E mutated glioblastoma
Authors: Nelson Blessie Elizabeth , Reddy Neha K. , Huse Jason T. , Amini Behrang , Nardo Mirella , Gouda Mohamed , Weathers Shiao-Pei , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe identification of BRAF V600 mutation in multiple cancers beyond melanoma and the development of combined BRAF and MEK targeting agents have altered the landscape of tissue-agnostic precision oncology therapies with an impact on survival outcomes. Despite initial efficacy, resistance emerges, and it is pertinent to identify putative resistance mechanisms. We report a case of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) harboring BRAF V600E alteration who initially responded to combined BRAF + MEK inhibition and subsequently developed treatment resistance by histological transformation to gliosarcoma and acquisition of oncogenic KRASG12Dand an NF1L1083R mutation. This documented case represents an initial evidence of a developing phenomenon in cancer research as it provides the first evidence of an emergent KRAS G12D/NF1 L1083R aberration with histological transformation occurring concurrently with primary BRAF V600E-altered glioblastoma as a previously unrecognized acquired mechanism of resistance in the setting of combined BRAF and MEK inhibition. This novel finding not only sheds new light on the RAS/MAPK pathway but also highlights the potential for morphological transformation to gliosarcoma, underscoring the critical need for further investigation in this area.
Effectiveness of chatbots on COVID vaccine confidence and acceptance in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore
Authors: Lee Kristi Yoonsup , Dabak Saudamini Vishwanath , Kong Vivian Hanxiao , Park Minah , Kwok Shirley L. L. , Silzle Madison , Rachatan Chayapat , Cook Alex , Passanante Aly , Pertwee Ed , Wu Zhengdong , Elkin Javier A. , Larson Heidi J. , Lau Eric H. Y. , Leung Kathy , Wu Joseph T. , Lin Leesa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChatbots have become an increasingly popular tool in the field of health services and communications. Despite chatbots’ significance amid the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have performed a rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of chatbots in improving vaccine confidence and acceptance. In Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore, from February 11th to June 30th, 2022, we conducted multisite randomised controlled trials (RCT) on 2,045 adult guardians of children and seniors who were unvaccinated or had delayed vaccinations. After a week of using COVID-19 vaccine chatbots, the differences in vaccine confidence and acceptance were compared between the intervention and control groups. Compared to non-users, fewer chatbot users reported decreased confidence in vaccine effectiveness in the Thailand child group [Intervention: 4.3 % vs. Control: 17%, P = 0.023]. However, more chatbot users reported decreased vaccine acceptance [26% vs. 12%, P = 0.028] in Hong Kong child group and decreased vaccine confidence in safety [29% vs. 10%, P = 0.041] in Singapore child group. There was no statistically significant change in vaccine confidence or acceptance in the Hong Kong senior group. Employing the RE-AIM framework, process evaluation indicated strong acceptance and implementation support for vaccine chatbots from stakeholders, with high levels of sustainability and scalability. This multisite, parallel RCT study on vaccine chatbots found mixed success in improving vaccine confidence and acceptance among unvaccinated Asian subpopulations. Further studies that link chatbot usage and real-world vaccine uptake are needed to augment evidence for employing vaccine chatbots to advance vaccine confidence and acceptance.
Non-canonical telomere protection role of FOXO3a of human skeletal muscle cells regulated by the TRF2-redox axis
Authors: Jacome Burbano Maria Sol , Robin Jérôme D. , Bauwens Serge , Martin Marjorie , Donati Emma , Martínez Lucia , Lin Peipei , Sacconi Sabrina , Magdinier Frédérique , Gilson Eric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTelomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) binds to telomeres and protects chromosome ends against the DNA damage response and senescence. Although the expression of TRF2 is downregulated upon cellular senescence and in various aging tissues, including skeletal muscle tissues, very little is known about the contribution of this decline to aging. We previously showed that TRF2 loss in myofibers does not trigger telomere deprotection but mitochondrial dysfunction leading to an increased level of reactive oxygen species. We show here that this oxidative stress triggers the binding of FOXO3a to telomeres where it protects against ATM activation, revealing a previously unrecognized telomere protective function of FOXO3a, to the best of our knowledge. We further showed in transformed fibroblasts and myotubes that the telomere properties of FOXO3a are dependent on the C-terminal segment of its CR2 domain (CR2C) but independent of its Forkhead DNA binding domain and of its CR3 transactivation domain. We propose that these non-canonical properties of FOXO3a at telomeres play a role downstream of the mitochondrial signaling induced by TRF2 downregulation to regulate skeletal muscle homeostasis and aging.
A stochastic approach to phase noise analysis for microwaves generated with Kerr optical frequency combs
Authors: Liu Fengyu , Menyuk Curtis R. , Chembo Yanne K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKerr optical frequency combs are expected to play a major role in photonic technology, with applications related to spectroscopy, sensing, aerospace, and communication engineering. Most of these applications are related to the metrological performance of Kerr combs, which is ultimately limited by their noise-driven fluctuations. For this reason, it is of high importance to understand the influence of random noise on the comb dynamics. In this communication, we theoretically investigate a model where Gaussian white noise is added to the coupled-mode equations governing the comb dynamics. This stochastic model allows us to characterize the noise-induced broadening of the spectral lines. Moreover, this study permits to determine the phase noise spectra of the microwaves generated via comb photodetection. In this latter case, our analysis indicates that the low-frequency part of the spectra is dominated by pattern drift while the high-frequency part is dominated by pattern deformation. The theoretical results are found to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
Potential and limitations of quantum extreme learning machines
Authors: Innocenti L. , Lorenzo S. , Palmisano I. , Ferraro A. , Paternostro M. , Palma G. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuantum extreme learning machines (QELMs) aim to efficiently post-process the outcome of fixed — generally uncalibrated — quantum devices to solve tasks such as the estimation of the properties of quantum states. The characterisation of their potential and limitations, which is currently lacking, will enable the full deployment of such approaches to problems of system identification, device performance optimization, and state or process reconstruction. We present a framework to model QELMs, showing that they can be concisely described via single effective measurements, and provide an explicit characterisation of the information exactly retrievable with such protocols. We furthermore find a close analogy between the training process of QELMs and that of reconstructing the effective measurement characterising the given device. Our analysis paves the way to a more thorough understanding of the capabilities and limitations of QELMs, and has the potential to become a powerful measurement paradigm for quantum state estimation that is more resilient to noise and imperfections.
Global projections of flash drought show increased risk in a warming climate
Authors: Christian Jordan I. , Martin Elinor R. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Furtado Jason C. , Otkin Jason A. , Lowman Lauren E. L. , Hunt Eric D. , Mishra Vimal , Xiao Xiangming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlash drought, characterized by unusually rapid drying, can have substantial impact on many socioeconomic sectors, particularly agriculture. However, potential changes to flash drought risk in a warming climate remain unknown. In this study, projected changes in flash drought frequency and cropland risk from flash drought are quantified using global climate model simulations. We find that flash drought occurrence is expected to increase globally among all scenarios, with the sharpest increases seen in scenarios with higher radiative forcing and greater fossil fuel usage. Flash drought risk over cropland is expected to increase globally, with the largest increases projected across North America (change in annual risk from 32% in 2015 to 49% in 2100) and Europe (32% to 53%) in the most extreme emissions scenario. Following low-end and medium scenarios compared to high-end scenarios indicates a notable reduction in annual flash drought risk over cropland.
Resolving land tenure security is essential to deliver forest restoration
Authors: Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Rakotoarisoa Mirindra , Rajaonarivelo H. Manoa , Raharijaona Stefana , Jones Julia P. G. , Hockley Neal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTropical countries are making ambitious commitments to Forest Landscape Restoration with the aim of locking up carbon, conserving biodiversity and benefiting local livelihoods. However, global and national analyses of restoration potential frequently ignore socio-legal complexities which impact both the effectiveness and equitability of restoration. We show that areas with the highest restoration potential are disproportionately found in countries with weak rule of law and frequently in those with substantial areas of unrecognised land tenure. Focussing on Madagascar, at least 67% of the areas with highest restoration potential must be on untitled land, where tenure is often unclear or contested, and we show how unresolved tenure issues are one of the most important limitations on forest restoration. This is likely to be a bigger problem than currently recognized and without important efforts to resolve local tenure issues, opportunities to equitably scale up forest restoration globally are likely to be significantly over-estimated.
Multi‐scale cross‐domain alignment for person image generation
Authors: Ma Liyuan , Gao Tingwei , Shen Haibin , Huang Kejie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerson image generation aims to generate images that maintain the original human appearance in different target poses. Recent works have revealed that the critical element in achieving this task is the alignment of appearance domain and pose domain. Previous alignment methods, such as appearance flow warping, correspondence learning and cross attention, often encounter challenges when it comes to producing fine texture details. These approaches suffer from limitations in accurately estimating appearance flows due to the lack of global receptive field. Alternatively, they can only perform cross‐domain alignment on high‐level feature maps with small spatial dimensions since the computational complexity increases quadratically with larger feature sizes. In this article, the significance of multi‐scale alignment, in both low‐level and high‐level domains, for ensuring reliable cross‐domain alignment of appearance and pose is demonstrated. To this end, a novel and effective method, named Multi‐scale Cross‐domain Alignment (MCA) is proposed. Firstly, MCA adopts global context aggregation transformer to model multi‐scale interaction between pose and appearance inputs, which employs pair‐wise window‐based cross attention. Furthermore, leveraging the integrated global source information for each target position, MCA applies flexible flow prediction head and point correlation to effectively conduct warping and fusing for final transformed person image generation. Our proposed MCA achieves superior performance on two popular datasets than other methods, which verifies the effectiveness of our approach.