bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet‐microbiota crosstalk and immunity to helminth infection
Authors: Myhill Laura J. , Williams Andrew R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHelminths are large multicellular parasites responsible for widespread chronic disease in humans and animals. Intestinal helminths live in close proximity with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune network, resulting in reciprocal interactions that closely influence the course of infections. Diet composition may strongly regulate gut microbiota composition and intestinal immune function and therefore may play a key role in modulating anti‐helminth immune responses. Characterizing the multitude of interactions that exist between different dietary components (e.g., dietary fibres), immune cells, and the microbiota, may shed new light on regulation of helminth‐specific immunity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of how metabolism of dietary components shapes immune response during helminth infection, and how this information may be potentially harnessed to design new therapeutics to manage parasitic infections and associated diseases.
Factors related to the knowledge and skills of evidence‐based practice among nurses worldwide: A scoping review
Authors: Furuki Hideaki , Sonoda Nao , Morimoto Akiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPromoting evidence‐based practice (EBP) among nurses may be a valuable component of improving health care. However, a comprehensive analysis of the factors associated with the knowledge and skill EBP in nurses has not been performed to date. This is essential for facilitating the acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills to effectively implement EBP.AimsThe aim of the study was to determine the factors related to the knowledge and skills of EBP among nurses.MethodsWe searched various literature databases up to October 25, 2021, for relevant studies that investigated the factors associated with the knowledge and skills of EBP in nurses. The authors, year of study, country, study design, study subject information, instruments used for the assessment EBP knowledge and skills, use of multivariable analysis, and factors significantly associated with the knowledge and skills of EBP among nurses were extracted from each eligible study and collated to identify commonly reported factors.ResultsWe identified 47 eligible studies conducted in a wide range of countries. Nine articles applied multivariable analyses, and 38 articles did not perform any multivariable analyses. The factors related to the knowledge and skill levels of EBP among nurses were classified into two categories: personal and work‐environment factors. In the nine articles that conducted multivariable analysis, personal factors, which included educational level, participation in EBP education, and experience conducting research, and work‐environment factors, such as resources and organizational support for EBP, were related to the knowledge and skills of EBP among nurses.Linking Evidence to ActionOur review highlighted educational level, participation in EBP education, experience conducting research, and resources and organizational support for EBP as important factors that are associated with the knowledge and skills of EBP in nurses worldwide. Focusing on these factors may help improve nurses' understanding of EBP and facilitate the implementation of EBP.
Amenable covers of right‐angled Artin groups
Authors: Li Kevin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet be the right‐angled Artin group associated with a finite flag complex . We show that the amenable category of equals the virtual cohomological dimension of the right‐angled Coxeter group . In particular, right‐angled Artin groups satisfy a question of Capovilla–Löh–Moraschini proposing an inequality between the amenable category and Farber's topological complexity.
Proteomics and AQP2 regulation
Authors: Yang Chin‐Rang , Park Euijung , Chen Lihe , Datta Arnab , Chou Chung‐Lin , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe advent of modern quantitative protein mass spectrometry techniques around the turn of the 21st century has contributed to a revolution in biology referred to as ‘systems biology’. These methods allow identification and quantification of thousands of proteins in a biological specimen, as well as detection and quantification of post‐translational protein modifications including phosphorylation. Here, we discuss these methodologies and show how they can be applied to understand the effects of the peptide hormone vasopressin to regulate the molecular water channel aquaporin‐2. The emerging picture provides a detailed framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in water balance disorders.
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Pore Filled Ion-Conducting Materials Based on Track-Etched Membranes and Sulfonated Polystyrene
Authors: Golubenko D. V. , Yurova P. A. , Desyatov A. V. , Stenina I. A. , Kosarev S. A. , Yaroslavtsev A. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of proton-conducting materials based on track-etched membranes from polyvinylidene fluoride and sulfonated cross-linked polystyrene is described. The synthesis has been carried out by filling the pores of the original or gamma-irradiated track-etched membrane by copolymerization of styrene/divinylbenzene followed by sulfonation of polystyrene with chlorosulfonic acid. The resulting membranes have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and ATR IR spectroscopy. Membrane ionic conductivity, hydrogen gas permeability, ion-exchange capacity, and water absorption were measured. The ionic conductivity at 30°C reaches 51.7 mS/cm, which is almost three times higher than for Nafion®212 membranes; however, the gas permeability of the obtained materials also increases simultaneously.
New case of syncytial giant-cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma in a pediatric patient withHNF1Bdeficiency: does it fit with the syndrome?
Authors: Pinon Michele , Gambella Alessandro , Giugliano Laura , Chiadò Cristina , Kalantari Silvia , Bracciamà Valeria , Deaglio Silvia , Tinti Davide , Peruzzi Licia , Cotti Roberta , Catalano Silvia , Cadamuro Massimiliano , Fabris Luca , Calvo Pier Luigi , Romagnoli Renato 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) is a member of the homeodomain-containing family of transcription factors located on 17q12.HNF1Bdeficiency is associated with a clinical syndrome (kidney and urogenital malformations, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) and to an underdiagnosed liver involvement. Differently fromHNF1A, the correlation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and germlineHNF1Bdeficiency has been poorly evaluated.Case reportHere, we report a novel case of a syndromicHNF1B-deficient paediatric patient that developed HCC with unique histopathological features characterised by neoplastic syncytial giant cells, which was observed only in one additional case of paediatric cholestatic liver disease of unknown origin.ConclusionsOur case highlights the influence ofHNF1Bdeficiency in liver disease progression and its putative association with a rare yet specific HCC histotype. We hypothesised that HCC could be secondary to the repressive effect ofHNF1Bvariant on theHNF1Atranscriptional activity.
Endovascular versus neurosurgical aneurysm treatment: study protocol for the development and validation of a clinical prediction tool for individualised decision making
Authors: de Winkel Jordi , Roozenbeek Bob , Dijkland Simone A , Dammers Ruben , van Doormaal Pieter-Jan , van der Jagt Mathieu , van Klaveren David , Dippel Diederik W J , Lingsma Hester F 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionTreatment decisions for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients should be supported by individualised predictions of the effects of aneurysm treatment. We present a study protocol and analysis plan for the development and external validation of models to predict benefit of neurosurgical versus endovascular aneurysm treatment on functional outcome and durability of treatment.Methods and analysisWe will use data from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial for model development. The outcomes are functional outcome, measured with modified Rankin Scale at 12 months, and any retreatment or rebleed of the target aneurysm during follow-up. We will develop an ordinal logistic regression model and Cox regression model, considering age, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade, Fisher grade, vasospasm at presentation, aneurysm lumen size, aneurysm neck size, aneurysm location and time-to-aneurysm-treatment as predictors. We will test for interactions with treatment and with baseline risk and derive individualised predicted probabilities of treatment benefit. A benefit of ≥5% will be considered clinically relevant. Discriminative performance of the outcome predictions will be assessed with the c-statistic. Calibration will be assessed with calibration plots. Discriminative performance of the benefit predictions will be assessed with the c-for benefit. We will assess internal validity with bootstrapping and external validity with leave-one-out internal-external cross-validation.Ethics and disseminationThe medical ethical research committee of the Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam approved the study protocol under the exemption category and waived the need for written informed consent (MEC-2020-0810). We will disseminate our results through an open-access peer-reviewed scientific publication and with a web-based clinical prediction tool.
Patient and family perceptions of the provision of medicines as part of virtual outpatient consultations for children during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Makhecha Sukeshi , Eftychiou Linda , Tsang Victoria , Vas Venessa , Christiansen Nanna , Crook Joanne , Bentley Siân 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate (1) views and perceptions of patients/parents/carers and healthcare professionals on the medicines optimisation (MO) process following virtual outpatient clinic (VOC) during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the processes introduced at this time, identifying areas for improvements and suggest potential solutions.DesignA mixed-methods service evaluation using qualitative and quantitative methods of the MO pathway in children aged 0–18 years following VOC across three specialist children’s units.Semi-structured interviews were conducted over the telephone with the participants exploring their experiences and categorised into themes.Process mapping sessions with the multidisciplinary team identified areas for improvement and an ease impact framework developed for potential solutions.Outcome measures included: (1) themes from interviews, (2) patients satisfaction rates, (3) process maps and (4) development of a simplified future process.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-five patients’ families were contacted: 71 families consented to participate and their views were categorised into four main themes: (1) patient experience, (2) communication, (3) need for virtual video consultations for patient education by hospital pharmacists and (4) need for electronic processes to send prescriptions to local pharmacies.Median patient satisfaction rate was 96% (range 67%–100%). The convenience of receiving medications directly to patient’s homes; access to medicines information helplines and education provided by pharmacists were regarded as valuable. Communication between care providers, development of virtual video consultations by hospital pharmacists and electronic transfer of some prescriptions directly to community pharmacies were identified as areas of improvement.ConclusionsParticipants appreciated the pharmacy processes adopted during the pandemic, however, challenges and recommendations for improvement in delivering MO VOC were identified. As digital innovations evolve within the NHS, future research should focus on integrated care and improved communication between care providers with selected medications prescribed directly to community pharmacies using electronic prescription service, with clinical screening and education provided by hospital pharmacists.
Deep learning using multilayer perception improves the diagnostic acumen of spirometry: a single-centre Canadian study
Authors: Mac Amanda , Xu Tong , Wu Joyce K Y , Belousova Natalia , Kitazawa Haruna , Vozoris Nick , Rozenberg Dmitry , Ryan Clodagh M , Valaee Shahrokh , Chow Chung-Wai 
Published: December 2022

RationaleSpirometry and plethysmography are the gold standard pulmonary function tests (PFT) for diagnosis and management of lung disease. Due to the inaccessibility of plethysmography, spirometry is often used alone but this leads to missed or misdiagnoses as spirometry cannot identify restrictive disease without plethysmography. We aimed to develop a deep learning model to improve interpretation of spirometry alone.MethodsWe built a multilayer perceptron model using full PFTs from 748 patients, interpreted according to international guidelines. Inputs included spirometry (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced mid-expiratory flow25–75), plethysmography (total lung capacity, residual volume) and biometrics (sex, age, height). The model was developed with 2582 PFTs from 477 patients, randomly divided into training (80%), validation (10%) and test (10%) sets, and refined using 1245 previously unseen PFTs from 271 patients, split 50/50 as validation (136 patients) and test (135 patients) sets. Only one test per patient was used for each of 10 experiments conducted for each input combination. The final model was compared with interpretation of 82 spirometry tests by 6 trained pulmonologists and a decision tree.ResultsAccuracies from the first 477 patients were similar when inputs included biometrics+spirometry+plethysmography (95%±3%) vs biometrics+spirometry (90%±2%). Model refinement with the next 271 patients improved accuracies with biometrics+pirometry (95%±2%) but no change for biometrics+spirometry+plethysmography (95%±2%). The final model significantly outperformed (94.67%±2.63%, p<0.01 for both) interpretation of 82 spirometry tests by the decision tree (75.61%±0.00%) and pulmonologists (66.67%±14.63%).ConclusionsDeep learning improves the diagnostic acumen of spirometry and classifies lung physiology better than pulmonologists with accuracies comparable to full PFTs.
Impact of smoking on one year functional outcomes after thrombectomy for young stroke patients
Authors: Peng Szu-Hsiang , Lai Yen-Jun , Lai Wei-Jen , Li Ai-Hsien , Yen Ho-Hsian , Huang Lih-Wen , Tang Chih-Wei 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe incidence of stroke in young patients (20–50 years old) has increased in recent decades. Unlike the use of good functional outcomes to evaluate prognosis, excellent functional outcomes are a better indicator of return to work among younger patients. The rate of return to work increases with time after stroke. This study investigated the short term (3 months) and long term (1 year) predictors of excellent functional outcomes in young patients after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsWe included young patients who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion within 6 hours after stroke onset between 2015 and 2021. Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage on pretreatment CT were excluded. The associations between clinical, imaging, and procedure variables, and excellent functional outcomes were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. An excellent functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤1.ResultsOf the 361 patients with AIS eligible for EVT, 55 young patients (aged 24–50 years) were included. Of these, 36.4% and 41.8% achieved excellent functional outcomes at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking was the independent negative predictor of both 3 month (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.232, 95% CI 0.058 to 0.928; p=0.039) and 12 month (aOR 0.180, 95% CI 0.044 to 0.741; p=0.018) excellent functional outcomes.ConclusionsCurrent or former smoking habit was an independent negative predictor of both short term and long term excellent functional outcomes in young adults with AIS.
Assessing the relationship between hypospadias risk and parental occupational exposure to potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Authors: Das Deepjyoti , Dutta Hemonta Kumar , Borbora Debasish , Brahma Rocket Chandra , Das Jitu Mani 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThe association between periconceptional parental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and hypospadias remains inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, we conducted a hospital-based retrospective study to assess the relationship between hypospadias risk and parental occupational exposure to potential EDCs.MethodsIncident cases (n=73) were boys between 0 and 14 years diagnosed with hypospadias with no micropenis or cryptorchidism. Controls (n=146) were an age-matched group of boys without any congenital malformations, inguinal hernia, nephrological, urological and genital disorders. Their selection was independent of exposures to EDCs. Data on parental occupation and sociodemographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. We evaluated parental occupational exposures using a previously validated job-exposure matrix (JEM) for EDCs.ResultsIn our case–control study, 30.1% of all pregnancies had likely exposure to potential EDCs. The most prevalent occupations conferring possible exposure were related to activities on farms. Maternal and paternal occupational exposure to potential EDCs significantly increased the risk of mild hypospadias than moderate-to-severe hypospadias (OR=6.55 vs OR=4.63). Among various categories, parental occupational exposure to pesticides was associated with at least a twofold increased risk of hypospadias. Maternal EDC exposure during the first trimester significantly increased the risk of bearing a hypospadiac child (OR=4.72 (95% CI 2.10 to 10.60)).ConclusionThis study suggests that EDCs are a risk factor for hypospadias through occupational exposure during fetal life.
Quantum cosmology of the flat universe via closed real-time path integral
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum cosmology is crucial to understand the evolution of the early universe. Despite significant progress, challenges still remain. For example, the role of time in quantum cosmology is unclear. Furthermore, the influence of the environment on the evolution of the quantum universe is challenging. In this work, we studied the evolution of the quantum universe non-perturbatively using the closed real-time path integral. The environments coupled to the quantum universe being considered are the radiation, the non-relativistic matter, or the dark matter. We evaluated the influence functional of the massless scalar field coupled with the flat FRW universe. We studied the evolution of the quantum universe by setting the initial state of spacetime as a Gaussian wave packet. In different scenarios, we show that the classical trajectory of the universe is consistent with the quantum evolution of the wave packet. The coherence, the absolute quantum fluctuation and the Gibbs entropy all monotonically increase with time, yet the relative quantum fluctuation decreases with time. We show that for a given size of the radiation dominated universe, the lower temperature corresponds to a more quantum universe. We find that the minimal coupling of the free massless scalar field with the flat FRW spacetime generally gives rise to the memory characterized via non-Markovian correlations. Finally, we show that under higher radiation temperatures, a small universe has a higher chance of a transition to a bigger universe.
Reflected entropy in Galilean conformal field theories and flat holography
Authors: Basak Jaydeep Kumar , Chourasiya Himanshu , Raj Vinayak , Sengupta Gautam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe obtain the reflected entropy for bipartite states in a class of $$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

-dimensional Galilean conformal field theories $$(GCFT_{1+1})$$

(
G
C
F

T

1
+
1

)

through a replica technique. Furthermore we compare our results with the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) obtained for the dual (2 + 1) dimensional asymptotically flat geometries in the context of flat holography. We find that our results are consistent with the duality between the reflected entropy and the bulk EWCS for flat holographic scenarios.
QiCells: A Modular RFSoC-based Approach to Interface Superconducting Quantum Bits
Authors: Gebauer Richard , Karcher Nick , Güler Mehmed , Sander Oliver 
Published: December 2022

Quantum computers will be a revolutionary extension of the heterogeneous computing world. They consist of many quantum bits (qubits) and require a careful design of the interface between the classical computer architecture and the quantum processor. For example, even single nanosecond variations of the interaction may have an influence on the quantum state. Designing a tailored interface electronics is therefore a major challenge, both in terms of signal integrity with respect to single channels, as well as the scaling of the signal count.
We developed such an interface electronics, an RFSoC-based qubit control system called QiController. In this article, we present the modular FPGA firmware design of our system. It features so-called digital unit cells, or QiCells. Each cell contains all the logic necessary to interact with a single superconducting qubit, including a custom-built RISC-V-based sequencer. Synchronization and data exchange between the cells is facilitated using a special star-point structure. Versatile routing and frequency-division multiplexing of generated signals between QiCells and converters are also supported. High-level programmability is provided using a custom Python-based description language and an associated compiler. We furthermore provide the resource utilization of our design and demonstrate its correct operation using an actual superconducting five-qubit chip.
Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí
Authors: Rodrigues Lays Arnaud Rosal Lopes 
Published: December 2022

Corrige o artigo: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003441
In the article “Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí”, DOI https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003441, published onthe Revista de Saúde Pública.2021;55:118, on page 7, in the Table 2, the RSP corrects theheader of third and eighth column.Where it reads:172 interviewed households.It should read:Interviewed households
A systematic review on the feeding ecology of Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus Shaw, 1791 in its distribution range in the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Rabari Vasantkumar , Dharaiya Nishith 
Published: December 2022

The Sloth Bear being myrmecophagous is specialized to feed on ants, termites, and fleshy food; however, no discernible comparison exists on a diet, seasonal feeding pattern, and factor influence in a different habitat of an Indian sub-continent. A review of available literature suggested the dominance of plant matter in the Sloth Bear diet during the summer season, while an equal quantum of plant & animal matter was recorded in the monsoon & winter seasons. Fleshy fruits, flowers, flower buds, delicate leaves, and sometimes roots are considered plant food items in different studies, while ants, termites, honey, honey wax, and carrion feed are recorded as animal food items. Availability and accessibility of food materials in the different seasons, energy requirements, geographical variations, and human interference are notable factors influencing the feeding strategy of Sloth Bears. Cumulative data on food & feeding behavior of Sloth Bears helps to understand the pivotal role of species across various habitats. A systematic review of all the available studies to understand the diet of Sloth Bears in different seasons across its distribution range is presented in this paper, which can be a holistic approach to know the habitat selection with reference to the availability of food. A better understanding of such behavior also provides a key strategy for the management of large mammals in different geographical areas.