bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms in normal aging and neurodegenerative syndromes: A population‐based study from Latin America
Authors: Rodriguez Salgado Ana M. , Acosta Isaac , Kim Dani J. , Zitser Jennifer , Sosa Ana Luisa , Acosta Daisy , Jimenez‐Velasquez Ivonne Z. , Guerra Mariella , Salas Aquiles , Valvuerdi Adolfo , Llibre‐Guerra Juan C. , Jeyachandran Christine , Contreras Ricardo López , Hesse Heike , Tanner Caroline , Llibre Rodriguez Juan J. , Prina Matthew , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in neurodegenerative diseases; however, little is known about the prevalence of NPSs in Hispanic populations.METHODSUsing data from community‐dwelling participants age 65 years and older enrolled in the 10/66 study (N = 11,768), we aimed to estimate the prevalence of NPSs in Hispanic populations with dementia, parkinsonism, and parkinsonism‐dementia (PDD) relative to healthy aging. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) was used to assess NPSs.RESULTSNPSs were highly prevalent in Hispanic populations with neurodegenerative disease; approximately 34.3%, 56.1%, and 61.2% of the participants with parkinsonism, dementia, and PDD exhibited three or more NPSs, respectively. NPSs were the major contributor to caregiver burden.DISCUSSIONClinicians involved in the care of elderly populations should proactively screen for NPSs, especially in patients with parkinsonism, dementia, and PPD, and develop intervention plans to support families and caregivers.Highlights
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are highly prevalent in Hispanic populations with neurodegenerative diseases.
In healthy Hispanic populations, NPSs are predominantly mild and not clinically significant.
The most common NPSs include depression, sleep disorders, irritability, and agitation.
NPSs explain a substantial proportion of the variance in global caregiver burden.
Second Harmonic Generation in 1D Nonlinear Plasma Photonic Crystals
Authors: Yang Cheng , Guo Chu‐Ming , Peng Chuan , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a 1D nonlinear plasma photonic crystal (NPPC) structure composed of polarized ferroelectric crystals and nonlinear plasma periodic alternation is proposed. The transfer matrix method is employed to analyze the second harmonic generation (SHG) problem of this structure. In the designed NPPCs, the fundamental wave (FW) operates in the gigahertz (GHz) band and the nonlinear plasma is controlled by an external high‐intensity control wave (CW). Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of different incident angles and external CW intensities on the total conversion efficiency (T‐con) of the second harmonic wave (SHW). Additionally, the internal electric field distribution and incident light intensity within the nonlinear structure are analyzed. The importance of the relationship between the FW frequency and photonic band gap (PBG) in enhancing SHG is summarized. The results demonstrate that the optimal structure can be obtained by changing the structural parameters, such that the FW and SHW are tuned to the edge of the PBG. At this point, the electromagnetic field density is large, the group velocity is small, the local field is enhanced, and the nonlinear optical interaction is increased, resulting in a significant increase in the T‐con of the SHW.
Dispersion Energy‐Stabilized Boron and Phosphorus Lewis Pairs
Authors: Sieland Benedikt , Stahn Marcel , Schoch Roland , Daniliuc Constantin , Spicher Sebastian , Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas , Paradies Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn isostructural series of boron/phosphorus Lewis pairs was systematically investigated. The association constants of the Lewis pairs were determined at variable temperatures, enabling the extraction of thermodynamic parameters. The stabilization of the Lewis adduct increased with increasing size of the dispersion energy donor groups, although the donor and acceptor properties of the Lewis pairs remained largely unchanged. This data was utilized to challenge state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical methods, which finally led to an enhanced workflow for the determination of thermochemical properties of weakly bound Lewis pairs within an accuracy of 0.6 to 1.0 kcal mol−1 for computed association free energies.
Performance‐Deskriptoren für Katalysatoren auf Basis von Molybdän‐, Wolfram‐ oder Rheniumoxiden für die Metathese von Ethen mit 2‐Buten zu Propen
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Xiao Tianci , Liu Chengyuan , Otroshchenko Tatiana , Kondratenko Evgenii V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDie Metathese von Ethen mit 2‐Butenen zu Propen ist ein etablierter großtechnischer Prozess. Allerdings sind die Grundlagen der In situ‐Umwandlung von geträgerten WOx‐, MoOx‐ oder ReOx‐Spezies in katalytisch aktive Metallcarbene und deren intrinsische Aktivität sowie die Rolle metatheseinaktiver Cokatalysatoren noch ungeklärt, was sich nachteilig auf die Katalysatorentwicklung und Prozessoptimierung auswirkt. Die Studie liefert die erforderlichen Grundlagen basierend auf steady‐state isotopic transient kinetic analysis. Zum ersten Mal wurden die stationäre Konzentration, die Lebensdauer und die intrinsische Reaktivität von Metallcarbenen bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse können direkt für das Design und die Herstellung von Katalysatoren für die Metathese‐Reaktion und Cokatalysatoren verwendet werden, was die Möglichkeit zur Optimierung der Propenproduktivität eröffnet.
In Situ Electrochemical Activation of Hydroxyl Polymer Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Sun Qi‐Qi , Sun Tao , Du Jia‐Yi , Xie Zi‐Long , Yang Dong‐Yue , Huang Gang , Xie Hai‐Ming , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe slow reaction kinetics and structural instability of organic electrode materials limit the further performance improvement of aqueous zinc‐organic batteries. Herein, we have synthesized a Z‐folded hydroxyl polymer polytetrafluorohydroquinone (PTFHQ) with inert hydroxyl groups that could be partially oxidized to the active carbonyl groups through the in situ activation process and then undertake the storage/release of Zn2+. In the activated PTFHQ, the hydroxyl groups and S atoms enlarge the electronegativity region near the electrochemically active carbonyl groups, enhancing their electrochemical activity. Simultaneously, the residual hydroxyl groups could act as hydrophilic groups to enhance the electrolyte wettability while ensuring the stability of the polymer chain in the electrolyte. Also, the Z‐folded structure of PTFHQ plays an important role in reversible binding with Zn2+ and fast ion diffusion. All these benefits make the activated PTFHQ exhibit a high specific capacity of 215 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, over 3400 stable cycles with a capacity retention of 92 %, and an outstanding rate capability of 196 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1.
Lattice Compression Revealed at the ≈1 nm Scale
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Dong Hongwei , Gu Wanmiao , He Zhen , Jin Fengming , Wang Chengming , You Qing , Li Jin , Deng Haiteng , Liao Lingwen , Chen Dong , Yang Jun , Wu Zhikun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLattice tuning at the ≈1 nm scale is fascinating and challenging; for instance, lattice compression at such a minuscule scale has not been observed. The lattice compression might also bring about some unusual properties, which waits to be verified. Through ligand induction, we herein achieve the lattice compression in a ≈1 nm gold nanocluster for the first time, as detected by the single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. In a freshly synthesized Au52(CHT)28 (CHT=S‐c−C6H11) nanocluster, the lattice distance of the (110) facet is found to be compressed from 4.51 to 3.58 Å at the near end. However, the lattice distances of the (111) and (100) facets show no change in different positions. The lattice‐compressed nanocluster exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) compared to that exhibited by the same‐sized Au52(TBBT)32 (TBBT=4‐tert‐butyl‐benzenethiolate) nanocluster and larger Au nanocrystals without lattice variation, indicating that lattice tuning is an efficient method for tailoring the properties of metal nanoclusters. Further theoretical calculations explain the high CO2RR performance of the lattice‐compressed Au52(CHT)28 and provide a correlation between its structure and catalytic activity.
Cooperative Ni(Co)‐Ru‐P Sites Activate Dehydrogenation for Hydrazine Oxidation Assisting Self‐powered H2 Production
Authors: Hu Yanmin , Chao Tingting , Li Yapeng , Liu Peigen , Zhao Tonghui , Yu Ge , Chen Cai , Liang Xiao , Jin Huile , Niu Shuwen , Chen Wei , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater electrolysis for H2 production is restricted by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using the thermodynamically more favorable hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) to replace OER has attracted ever‐growing attention. Herein, we report a twisted NiCoP nanowire array immobilized with Ru single atoms (Ru1−NiCoP) as superior bifunctional electrocatalyst toward both HzOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), realizing an ultralow working potential of −60 mV and overpotential of 32 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Inspiringly, two‐electrode electrolyzer based on overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) demonstrates outstanding activity with a record‐high current density of 522 mA cm−2 at cell voltage of 0.3 V. DFT calculations elucidate the cooperative Ni(Co)−Ru−P sites in Ru1−NiCoP optimize H* adsorption, and enhance adsorption of *N2H2 to significantly lower the energy barrier for hydrazine dehydrogenation. Moreover, a self‐powered H2 production system utilizing OHzS device driven by direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHzFC) achieve a satisfactory rate of 24.0 mol h−1 m−2.
Performance Descriptors for Catalysts Based on Molybdenum, Tungsten, or Rhenium Oxides for Metathesis of Ethylene with 2‐Butenes to Propene
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Xiao Tianci , Liu Chengyuan , Otroshchenko Tatiana , Kondratenko Evgenii V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe metathesis of ethylene with 2‐butenes to propene is an established large‐scale process. However, the fundamentals behind in situ transformation of supported WOx, MoOx, or ReOx species into catalytically active metal‐carbenes and the intrinsic activity of the latter as well as the role of metathesis‐inactive cocatalysts are still unsolved. This is detrimental for catalyst development and process optimization. In this study, we provide the required essentials derived from steady‐state isotopic transient kinetic analysis. For the first time, the steady‐state concentration, the lifetime, and the intrinsic reactivity of metal carbenes were determined. The obtained results can be directly used for the design and the preparation of metathesis‐active catalysts and cocatalysts, thereby opening up possibilities for optimizing propene productivity.
A Paramagnetic Compass Based on Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Jia Hao , Yin Baipeng , Chen Jiaying , Zou Ye , Wang Hong , Zhang Yu , Ma Tongmei , Shi Qiang , Yao Jiannian , Bai Shuming , Zhang Chuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMacroscopic compass‐like magnetic alignment at low magnetic fields is natural for ferromagnetic materials but is seldomly observed in paramagnetic materials. Herein, we report a “paramagnetic compass” that magnetically aligns under ∼mT fields based on the single‐crystalline framework constructed by lanthanide ions and organic ligands (Ln‐MOF). The magnetic alignment is attributed to the Ln‐MOF's strong macroscopic anisotropy, where the highly‐ordered structure allows the Ln‐ions’ molecular anisotropy to be summed according to the crystal symmetry. In tetragonal Ln‐MOFs, the alignment is either parallel or perpendicular to the field depending on the easiest axis of the molecular anisotropy. Reversible switching between the two alignments is realized upon the removal and re‐adsorption of solvent molecules filled in the framework. When the crystal symmetry is lowered in monoclinic Ln‐MOFs, the alignments become even inclined (47°‐66°) to the field. These fascinating properties of Ln‐MOFs would encourage further explorations of framework materials containing paramagnetic centers.
Effect of the melt flow index of compatibilizer on the melt processing and properties of highly filled magnesium hydroxide/linear low density polyethylene composites
Authors: Li Rujie , Sun Beibei , Dang Li , Pan Tongtong , Xu Jiajun , Xu Shiai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe application of highly filled composites is limited by their poor processing and rheological properties due to the high loading of fillers. One possible solution to this problem is to use maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) with high melt index as compatibilizer and lubricant. Herein, magnesium hydroxide (MH)/linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites with 60 wt% of MH were prepared using MAPP with three different melt flow indexes (MFI). The equilibrium torque and melt flow index tests show that the addition of MAPP with high MFI significantly improves the processability and flowability of MH/MAPP/LLDPE composites. The rheological studies show that it also leads to a substantial reduction in the viscosity and therefore MH/MAPP/LLDPE composites exhibit more solid‐like responses. The scanning electron microscopy shows that a transition layer is formed at the MH‐LLDPE interface. The flame retardancy test shows that the addition of MAPP slightly reduces the flame retardancy of the composites as evidenced by the reduced limiting oxygen index and increased total heat release. Cone calorimeter test shows that the simultaneous addition of MH and MAPP has a synergistic smoke suppression effect.
Optimization of mode‐I fracture toughness using the Taguchi method in cellulosic fiber‐Grewia Optiva reinforced biocomposites
Authors: Chauhan Sonika , Gope Prakash Chandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, underutilized Himalayan natural fiber Grewia Optiva fiber of different lengths was used as reinforcement material. The Taguchi method was applied for the optimization of fiber length, fiber weight percentage, and fiber orientation for epoxy‐based Grewia Optiva fiber reinforced composite. The influences of fiber weight percentage at four levels (10–35 wt%), fiber length at four levels (3–45 mm), and fiber orientation at two levels (unidirectional and random to the loading axis) on the mode I fracture toughness was investigated using L16 orthogonal arrays. It was found that the optimum conditions are 30 wt% of fiber, 45 mm fiber length, and fiber orientated normal to the loading axis. The mode‐I fracture toughness at optimum condition was found as 2.122 ± 0.094 MPa. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength corresponding to optimum fiber, and composite processing conditions are 336.32%, 136.93%, and 308.28% higher as compared to pure epoxy. Scanning electron micrographs of the fractured surfaces indicate good bonding of fiber and matrix and show the major fracture mechanisms such as fiber pull‐out and fiber‐matrix debonding. The fiber breaking and matrix cracking are found as a minimum.
Metal ion‐mediated immobilization of catalase on poly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyethyleneimine electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Çetin Kemal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA common industrial byproduct known as hydrogen peroxide, which is an essential intermediate, is associated with oxidative damage to brain cells and a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Although catalases are enzymes capable of decomposing hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, the low stability of free enzymes limits their industrial use. In the current study, poly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyethyleneimine nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning process and catalase was subsequently immobilized via coordination of Cu2+ ions. The characterization of the catalase‐immobilized nanofibers and their catalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide decomposition was evaluated by comparing the free catalase. The studies conducted in the pH range of 5.0–8.5 revealed that the catalase‐immobilized nanofibers had their highest levels of enzyme activity at pH 7.0. When compared to free catalase, it was shown that the thermal stability and storage stability of catalase‐immobilized nanofibers were significantly improved. Catalase‐immobilized nanofibers showed significant reusability, where activity was maintained by around 60% after five repeating cycles. The findings showed that catalase‐immobilized PCL/PEI‐Cu2+ nanofibers had a high potential for various industrial applications as a substitute for the existing techniques.
Improved image processing for 3D virtual object construction from serial sections reveals tissue patterns in root tips of Zea mays
Authors: Miki Yasushi , Saito Susumu , Niki Teruo , Gladish Daniel K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPremisePreviously we described methods for generating three‐dimensional (3D) virtual reconstructions of plant tissues from transverse thin sections. Here, we report the applicability of longitudinal sections and improved image‐processing steps that are simpler to perform and utilize free applications.MethodsIn order to obtain improved digital images and a virtual 3D object (cuboid), GIMP 2.10 and ImageJ 2.3.0 running on a laptop computer were used. Sectional views of the cuboid and 3D visualization were realized with use of the plug‐ins “Volume Viewer” and “3D Viewer” in ImageJ.ResultsA 3D object was constructed and sectional views along several cutting planes were generated. The 3D object consisted of selected tissues inside the cuboid that were extracted and visualized from the original section data, and an animated video of the 3D construct was also produced.DiscussionVirtual cuboids can be constructed by stacking longitudinal images along the transverse depth direction or stacking transverse images vertically along the organ axis, with both generating similar 3D objects. Which to use depends on the purpose of the investigation: if the vertical cell structures need close examination, the former method may be better, but for more general spatial evaluations or for evaluation of organs over longer tissue distances than can be accommodated with longitudinal sectioning, the latter method should be chosen.
The roles of enteroendocrine cell distribution and gustatory receptor expression in regulating peptide hormone secretion in the midgut of Bombyx mori larvae
Authors: Toyam Tomoko , Yamagishi Takayuki , Sato Ryoichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo regulate physiological homeostasis and behavior in Bombyx mori, more than 20 peptide hormones in the midgut of larvae are secreted upon detection of food substances at the lumen. Although it is logical to assume that the timings of peptide hormone secretions are regulated, little is known about the mechanisms. In this study, the distributions of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) producing five peptide hormones and EECs expressing gustatory receptors (Grs), as candidate receptors for luminal food substances and nutrients, were examined via immunostaining in B. mori larvae. Three patterns of peptide hormone distribution were observed. Tachykinin (Tk)‐ and K5‐producing EECs were located throughout the midgut; myosuppressin‐producing EECs were located in the middle‐to‐posterior midgut; and allatostatin C‐ and CCHamide‐2‐producing EECs were located in the anterior‐to‐middle midgut. BmGr4 was expressed in some Tk‐producing EECs in the anterior midgut, where food and its digestive products arrived 5 min after feeding began. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed secretion of Tk starting approximately 5 min after feeding began, suggesting that food sensing by BmGr4 may regulate Tk secretion. BmGr6 was expressed in a few Tk‐producing EECs in the middle‐to‐posterior midgut, although its significance was unclear. BmGr6 was also expressed in many myosuppressin‐producing EECs in the middle midgut, where food and its digestive products arrived 60 min after feeding began. ELISA revealed secretion of myosuppressin starting approximately 60 min after feeding began, suggesting that food sensing by BmGr6 may regulate myosuppressin secretion. Finally, BmGr9 was expressed in many BmK5‐producing EECs throughout the midgut, suggesting that BmGr9 may function as a sensor for the secretion of BmK5.
A fluidized‐bed‐riser adsorption system for continuous bioproduct recovery from crude feedstock
Authors: Herlevi Lisa‐Marie , Fernandez‐Lahore Marcelo , Ferreira Guilherme 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, a novel technique for continuous purification of biologics from a crude feedstock is demonstrated with equipment referred to as Fluidized Bed Adsorption System (FBRAS). The development and validation of such unit operations were performed utilizing lysozyme as a model protein and Relisorb™ SP405/EB as a carrier. The performance of FBRAS to carry out combined clarification and purification was evaluated by capturing of antifungal peptides directly from the lysed broth. The novel technique reduced the number of process unit operations from six to three without having an impact on purity. Overall productivity increased by 250% in comparison to the existing downstream processing routine.
Research trends on learning computer programming with program animation: A systematic mapping study
Authors: Yusuf Abdullahi , Noor Norah Md 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the last few decades, computer programming has become an important field of endeavor due to rapid development in the information sector. Despite the importance of programming, there is a growing concern that it is relatively difficult. In the process, researchers have started employing media tools to reduce programming difficulties and motivate learners to approach programming problems. One of the common tools widely used is program animation—an instructional medium that incorporates animated characters. However, little is known about the research trends in this field of study. This article, therefore, employed a systematic mapping method to review this trend to find patterns and gaps left in the literature. The study extracted 48 articles published between 2000 and 2022 from four scientific databases (Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ERIC) and three digital libraries (ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and Wiley Online Library). The review discovered important trends. First, there is a paucity of research evidence evaluating program animation in the context of secondary and elementary levels; the majority of the extracted studies focused on participants from tertiary institutions. A similar paucity of research evidence employing mixed methods and qualitative approaches was also noted. Scratch programs were used in recent research more often than other program animations. There is also too little evaluation of psychomotor variables. Finally, there exist inconsistent findings on the effect of program animation although plenty of studies revealed positive results in favor of these media tools. The study therefore recommends that future research should be conducted to fill these identified gaps.