bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatology of Clear‐Air Turbulence in Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere Using ERA5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: Lee Ju Heon , Kim Jung‐Hoon , Sharman Robert D. , Kim Joowan , Son Seok‐Woo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpatial and temporal distributions of Clear‐Air Turbulence (CAT) in the Northern Hemisphere were investigated using 41 years (1979–2019) of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecast Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) data. We used two groups of CAT diagnostics to determine occurrence frequencies: (a) commonly used empirical turbulence indices (TI1, TI2, and TI3) and their components [vertical wind shear (VWS), deformation, ‐divergence, and divergence tendency], and (b) theoretical instability indicators [Richardson number (Ri), potential vorticity (PV), and Brunt‐Vӓisӓlӓ frequency]. The empirical indices showed high frequencies of moderate‐or‐greater (MOG)‐level CAT potential over the East Asian, Eastern Pacific, and Northwestern Atlantic regions in winter. Over East Asia, the entrance region of strong upper‐level jets showed the highest frequencies in TI1, TI2, and TI3 due mainly to strong VWS. The Eastern Pacific and Northwestern Atlantic areas near the exit region of jets had relatively high frequencies of these indices and also Ri. PV frequency was high on the southern side of jet primarily due to negative relative vorticity. Long‐term increasing trends of MOG‐level CAT potential also appeared in those three regions mainly due to warming in lower latitudes. The most significant increasing trend was found over East Asia, due to the strengthening of the East Asian jet and increased VWS due to the strong meridional temperature gradients in the mid‐troposphere induced by warming in the tropics and cooling in eastern Eurasia. These trends over East Asia, if continued, are expected to be of importance to efficient aviation operations across the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Hydrothermal Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks in Ladon Basin, Mars—Insights From CaSSIS, HiRISE, CRISM, and CTX
Authors: Mège Daniel , Gurgurewicz Joanna , Massironi Matteo , Pozzobon Riccardo , Tognon Gloria , Pajola Maurizio , Tornabene Livio L. , Lucchetti Alice , Baschetti Beatrice , Davis Joel M. , Hauber Ernst , De Toffoli Barbara , Douté Sylvain , Keszthelyi Laszlo , Marinangeli Lucia , Perry Jason , Pommerol Antoine , Pompilio Loredana , Rossi Angelo Pio , Seelos Frank , Sauro Francesco , Ziethe Ruth , Cremonese Gabriele , Thomas Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe evolution of the Ladon basin has been marked by intense geological activity and the discharge of huge volumes of water from the Martian highlands to the lowlands in the late Noachian and Hesperian. We explore the potential of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Color and Stereo Surface Imaging System color image data set for geological interpretation and show that it is particularly effective for geologic mapping in combination with other data sets such as HiRISE, Context, and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars. The study area displays dark lobate flows of upper Hesperian to early Amazonian age, which were likely extruded from a regional extensional fault network. Spectral analysis suggests that these flows and the underlying rocks are ultramafic. Two distinct altered levels are observed below the lobate flows. The upper, yellow‐orange level shows hundreds of structurally controlled narrow ridges reminiscent of ridges of listwanite, a suite of silicified, fracture‐controlled silica‐carbonate rocks derived from an ultramafic source and from serpentine. In addition to serpentinite, the detected mineral assemblages may include chlorite, carbonates, and talc. Kaolin minerals are detected in the lower, white level, which could have formed by groundwater alteration of plagioclase in the volcanic pile. Volcanism, tectonics, hydrothermal activity, and kaolinization are interpreted to be coeval, with hydrothermal activity and kaolinization controlled by the interactions between the aquifer and the hot, ultramafic lobate flows. Following our interpretations, East Ladon may host the first listwanite ridges described on Mars, involving a hydrothermal system rooted in a Hesperian aquifer and affecting ultramafic rocks from a magmatic source yet to be identified.
Satellite Remote Sensing of Global Land Surface Temperature: Definition, Methods, Products, and Applications
Authors: Li Zhao‐Liang , Wu Hua , Duan Si‐Bo , Zhao Wei , Ren Huazhong , Liu Xiangyang , Leng Pei , Tang Ronglin , Ye Xin , Zhu Jinshun , Sun Yingwei , Si Menglin , Liu Meng , Li Jiahao , Zhang Xia , Shang Guofei , Tang Bo‐Hui , Yan Guangjian , Zhou Chenghu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter that reflects land–atmosphere interaction and has thus attracted wide interest from geoscientists. Owing to the rapid development of Earth observation technologies, remotely sensed LST is playing an increasingly essential role in various fields. This review aims to summarize the progress in LST estimation algorithms and accelerate its further applications. Thus, we briefly review the most‐used thermal infrared (TIR) LST estimation algorithms. More importantly, this review provides a comprehensive collection of the widely used TIR‐based LST products and offers important insights into the uncertainties in these products with respect to different land cover conditions via a systematic intercomparison analysis of several representative products. In addition to the discussion on product accuracy, we address problems related to the spatial discontinuity, spatiotemporal incomparability, and short time span of current LST products by introducing the most effective methods. With the aim of overcoming these challenges in available LST products, much progress has been made in developing spatiotemporal seamless LST data, which significantly promotes the successful applications of these products in the field of surface evapotranspiration and soil moisture estimation, agriculture drought monitoring, thermal environment monitoring, thermal anomaly monitoring, and climate change. Overall, this review encompasses the most recent advances in TIR‐based LST and the state‐of‐the‐art of applications of LST products at various spatial and temporal scales, identifies critical further research needs and directions to advance and optimize retrieval methods, and promotes the application of LST to improve the understanding of surface thermal dynamics and exchanges.
Analog Models of Lithospheric‐Scale Rifting Monitored in an X‐Ray CT Scanner
Authors: Zwaan F. , Schreurs G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRifting and continental break‐up are fundamental tectonic processes, the understanding of which is of prime importance. However, the vast temporal and spatial scales involved pose major limitations to researchers. Analog tectonic modeling represents a great means to mitigate these limitations, but studying the complex internal deformation of lithospheric‐scale models remains a challenge. We therefore present a novel method for lithospheric‐scale rifting models that are uniquely monitored in an X‐ray CT scanner, which combined with digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, provides unparalleled insights into model deformation. Our first models illustrate how the degree of coupling between competent lithospheric layers, which are separated by a weak lower crustal layer, strongly impacts rift system development. Low coupling isolates the upper crust from the upper lithospheric mantle layer below, preventing an efficient transfer of deformation between both layers. By contrast, fast rifting increases coupling, so that deformation in the mantle is efficiently transferred to the upper crust, inducing either a symmetric or asymmetric (double) rift system. Furthermore, oblique divergence may lead to en echelon graben arrangements and delayed exhumation of the lower crustal layer. The successful application of our novel modeling approach, yielding these first‐order insights, provides a clear incentive to continue running lithospheric‐scale rifting models, and to apply advanced monitoring techniques to extract as much information from models as possible. There is indeed a broad range of opportunities for follow‐up studies within (and beyond) the field of rift tectonics.
Experimental Analysis of Intermittent Pumping Effects on Seawater Intrusion
Authors: Zhu Shumei , Zhou Zhifang , Werner Adrian D. , Chen Yongqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTime fluctuations of groundwater flux are known to affect solute transport and thus the width and penetration of seawater intrusion. Yet, most theoretical and laboratory studies of the mixed‐convective processes accompanying seawater intrusion assume constant extraction rates, even though real‐world pumping is usually intermittent. In this study, dynamic changes to an experimental saltwater wedge caused by intermittent pumping were explored using sand tank experiments and numerical simulation. Three different aquifer systems were assessed: a homogeneous unconfined aquifer, and two stratified systems (aquifer‐aquitard‐aquifer), with the latter having an aquitard of lower permeability. Both fully and partially penetrating wells were used. The effects of the pumping period and no‐pumping period were explored, with nine laboratory experiments performed in total. The overall finding is that the impact of intermittent pumping is non‐trivial. Under the laboratory conditions, where head was prescribed inland (representative of a surface water body) intermittent pumping allowed larger volumes of freshwater to be extracted before well salinization. This reflects that non‐pumping periods allow the aquifer to recover. Additional experiments and numerical modeling, which reproduced reasonably well the experimental observations, showed that well salinization could be avoided altogether with sufficient periods of recovery. Numerical models were also used to compare intermittent and constant pumping for the same total extraction rate, showing that intermittent pumping caused earlier well salinization compared to constant pumping, although the aquifer contained a greater mass of salt under constant pumping.
Controlling Factors of the Spatial‐Temporal Fluctuations in Evapotranspiration Along an Elevation Gradient Across Humid Montane Ecosystems
Authors: Hu Zhaoyong , Sun Shouqin , Sun Xiangyang , Lin Shan , Song Chunlin , Wang Genxu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiverse meteorological and vegetation conditions at different elevations and years lead to varied contributions of evapotranspiration (ET) to water yield in montane areas. However, how physical and biological factors affect interannual and elevational ET fluctuations in energy‐limited montane ecosystems remains unclear. Therefore, we quantified the spatial‐temporal patterns of ET and separated physical and biological controls on ET fluctuations using 5‐year (2015–2019) eddy‐covariance data and perturbation analysis on Mount Gongga, Southwest China. Coefficients of variations of annual ET were 0.85%–4.33%, suggesting the remarkable interannual consistencies of ET in all studied zones. In forest zones, decreased precipitation (P) contributed more than 85% of ET reduction in the severe dry year, while the decreased vapor pressure deficit and available energy accounted for 88%, 78%, and 87% of transpiration reductions in broadleaf forest, broadleaf and coniferous forest and coniferous forest, respectively, in the wet year. In shrubland, the positive influence from biological factors (41.37 mm) surpassed the negative impact from physical conditions (−16.46 mm), resulting in an increase in ET in the wet year. Mean annual ET was highest at 2,200 m a.s.l., 15.04% higher than that at 3,996 m a.s.l. From perturbation analysis, elevational ET fluctuations were smaller in low‐elevation (12.31 mm) and middle‐elevation (−31.18 mm) zones than that in high‐elevation zone (−99.86 mm). Large elevational ET reduction in high‐elevation zone mainly resulted from decreased P and leaf area index. In humid montane areas, although ET is predicted to increase, how interannual and elevational ET respond to climate changes should be considered separately.
Different prognostic impact of recurrent gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia depending on IGHV gene somatic hypermutation status: a study by ERIC in HARMONY
Authors: Mansouri Larry , Thorvaldsdottir Birna , Sutton Lesley-Ann , Karakatsoulis Georgios , Meggendorfer Manja , Parker Helen , Nadeu Ferran , Brieghel Christian , Laidou Stamatia , Moia Riccardo , Rossi Davide , Catherwood Mark , Kotaskova Jana , Delgado Julio , Rodríguez-Vicente Ana E. , Benito Rocío , Rigolin Gian Matteo , Bonfiglio Silvia , Scarfo Lydia , Mattsson Mattias , Davis Zadie , Gogia Ajay , Rani Lata , Baliakas Panagiotis , Foroughi-Asl Hassan , Jylhä Cecilia , Skaftason Aron , Rapado Inmaculada , Miras Fatima , Martinez-Lopez Joaquín , de la Serna Javier , Rivas Jesús María Hernández , Thornton Patrick , Larráyoz María José , Calasanz María José , Fésüs Viktória , Mátrai Zoltán , Bödör Csaba , Smedby Karin E. , Espinet Blanca , Puiggros Anna , Gupta Ritu , Bullinger Lars , Bosch Francesc , Tazón-Vega Bárbara , Baran-Marszak Fanny , Oscier David , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Zenz Thorsten , Terol Maria Jose , Cuneo Antonio , Hernández-Sánchez María , Pospisilova Sarka , Mills Ken , Gaidano Gianluca , Niemann Carsten U. , Campo Elias , Strefford Jonathan C. , Ghia Paolo , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Rosenquist Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that the prognostic impact of gene mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may differ depending on the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene somatic hypermutation (SHM) status. In this study, we assessed the impact of nine recurrently mutated genes (BIRC3, EGR2, MYD88, NFKBIE, NOTCH1, POT1, SF3B1, TP53, and XPO1) in pre-treatment samples from 4580 patients with CLL, using time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) as the primary end-point in relation to IGHV gene SHM status. Mutations were detected in 1588 (34.7%) patients at frequencies ranging from 2.3–9.8% with mutations in NOTCH1 being the most frequent. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, mutations in all genes except MYD88 were associated with a significantly shorter TTFT. In multivariate analysis of Binet stage A patients, performed separately for IGHV-mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated CLL (U-CLL), a different spectrum of gene alterations independently predicted short TTFT within the two subgroups. While SF3B1 and XPO1 mutations were independent prognostic variables in both U-CLL and M-CLL, TP53, BIRC3 and EGR2 aberrations were significant predictors only in U-CLL, and NOTCH1 and NFKBIE only in M-CLL. Our findings underscore the need for a compartmentalized approach to identify high-risk patients, particularly among M-CLL patients, with potential implications for stratified management.
UHRF1-mediated ferroptosis promotes pulmonary fibrosis via epigenetic repression of GPX4 and FSP1 genes
Authors: Liu Yi , Cheng Demin , Wang Yue , Xi Sichuan , Wang Ting , Sun Wenqing , Li Guanru , Ma Dongyu , Zhou Siyun , Li Ziwei , Ni Chunhui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF), as an end-stage clinical phenotype of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is frequently initiated after alveolar injury, in which ferroptosis has been identified as a critical event aggravating the pathophysiological progression of this disease. Here in, a comprehensive analysis of two mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis developed in our lab demonstrated that lung damage-induced ferroptosis of alveolar epithelial Type2 cells (AEC2) significantly accumulates during the development of pulmonary fibrosis while ferroptosis suppressor genes GPX4 and FSP1 are dramatically inactivated. Mechanistically, upregulation of de novo methylation regulator Uhrf1 sensitively elevates CpG site methylation levels in promoters of both GPX4 and FSP1 genes and induces the epigenetic repression of both genes, subsequently leading to ferroptosis in chemically interfered AEC2 cells. Meanwhile, specific inhibition of UHRF1 highly arrests the ferroptosis formation and blocks the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in both of our research models. This study first, to our knowledge, identified the involvement of Uhrf1 in mediating the ferroptosis of chemically injured AEC2s via de novo promoter-specific methylation of both GPX4 and FSP1 genes, which consequently accelerates the process of pulmonary fibrosis. The above findings also strongly suggested Uhrf1 as a novel potential target in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
SLC1A5 enhances malignant phenotypes through modulating ferroptosis status and immune microenvironment in glioma
Authors: Han Liying , Zhou Jinpeng , Li Leiyang , Wu Xun , Shi Yingwu , Cui Wenxing , Zhang Shenghao , Hu Qing , Wang Jin , Bai Hao , Liu Haixiao , Guo Chengxuan , Cao Haiyan , Chao Min , Hu Yaqin , Mou Yueyang , Jiao Yang , Feng Dayun , Wang Liang , Qu Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlioma is the most common type of primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system with limited treatment satisfaction. Finding new therapeutic targets has remained a major challenge. Ferroptosis is a novel and distinct type of programmed cell death, playing a regulatory role in the progression of tumors. However, the role of ferroptosis or ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in glioma progression has not been extensively studied. In our study, a novel ferroptosis-related prognostic model, including 7 genes, was established, in which patients classified into the high-risk group had more immuno-suppressive status and worse prognosis. Among these 7 genes, we screened solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5), an FRG, as a possible new target for glioma treatment. Our results showed that the expression of SLC1A5 was significantly upregulated in glioblastoma tissues compared with the low-grade gliomas. In addition, SLC1A5 knockdown could significantly inhibit glioma cell proliferation and invasion, and reduce the sensitivity of ferroptosis via the GPX4-dependent pathway. Furthermore, SLC1A5 was found to be related to immune response and SLC1A5 knockdown decreased the infiltration and M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of SLC1A5 by V9302 was confirmed to promote the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Overall, we developed a novel prognostic model for glioma based on the seven-FRGs signature, which could apply to glioma prognostic and immune status prediction. Besides, SLC1A5 in the model could regulate the proliferation, invasion, ferroptosis and immune state in glioma, and be applied as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Engineering inducible biomolecular assemblies for genome imaging and manipulation in living cells
Authors: Peng Qin , Huang Ziliang , Sun Kun , Liu Yahan , Yoon Chi Woo , Harrison Reed E. S. , Schmitt Danielle L. , Zhu Linshan , Wu Yiqian , Tasan Ipek , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Jin , Zhong Sheng , Chien Shu , Wang Yingxiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenome architecture and organization play critical roles in cell life. However, it remains largely unknown how genomic loci are dynamically coordinated to regulate gene expression and determine cell fate at the single cell level. We have developed an inducible system which allows Simultaneous Imaging and Manipulation of genomic loci by Biomolecular Assemblies (SIMBA) in living cells. In SIMBA, the human heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) is fused to mCherry and FRB, which can be induced to form biomolecular assemblies (BAs) with FKBP-scFv, guided to specific genomic loci by a nuclease-defective Cas9 (dCas9) or a transcriptional factor (TF) carrying tandem repeats of SunTag. The induced BAs can not only enhance the imaging signals at target genomic loci using a single sgRNA, either at repetitive or non-repetitive sequences, but also recruit epigenetic modulators such as histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 to locally repress transcription. As such, SIMBA can be applied to simultaneously visualize and manipulate, in principle, any genomic locus with controllable timing in living cells.
A randomized trial of oral gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) or the combination of GABA with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on pancreatic islet endocrine function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Martin Alexandra , Mick Gail J. , Choat Heather M. , Lunsford Alison A. , Tse Hubert M. , McGwin Gerald G. , McCormick Kenneth L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGamma aminobutyric acid(GABA) is synthesized by glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) in β-cells. Regarding Type 1 diabetes(T1D), animal/islet-cell studies found that GABA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits α-cell glucagon and dampens immune inflammation, while GAD immunization may also preserve β-cells. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral GABA alone, or combination GABA with GAD, on the preservation of residual insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D. Herein we report a single-center, double-blind, one-year, randomized trial in 97 children conducted March 2015 to June 2019(NCT02002130). Using a 2:1 treatment:placebo ratio, interventions included oral GABA twice-daily(n = 41), or oral GABA plus two-doses GAD-alum(n = 25), versus placebo(n = 31). The primary outcome, preservation of fasting/meal-stimulated c-peptide, was not attained. Of the secondary outcomes, the combination GABA/GAD reduced fasting and meal-stimulated serum glucagon, while the safety/tolerability of GABA was confirmed. There were no clinically significant differences in glycemic control or diabetes antibody titers. Given the low GABA dose for this pediatric trial, future investigations using higher-dose or long-acting GABA formulations, either alone or with GAD-alum, could be considered, although GABA alone or in combination with GAD-alum did nor preserve beta-cell function in this trial.
Peptidoglycan recycling mediated by an ABC transporter in the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Gilmore Michael C. , Cava Felipe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring growth and division, the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) is remodelled, resulting in the liberation of PG muropeptides which are typically reinternalized and recycled. Bacteria belonging to the Rhizobiales and Rhodobacterales orders of the Alphaproteobacteria lack the muropeptide transporter AmpG, despite having other key PG recycling enzymes. Here, we show that an alternative transporter, YejBEF-YepA, takes over this role in the Rhizobiales phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Muropeptide import by YejBEF-YepA governs expression of the β-lactamase AmpC in A. tumefaciens, contributing to β-lactam resistance. However, we show that the absence of YejBEF-YepA causes severe cell wall defects that go far beyond lowered AmpC activity. Thus, contrary to previously established Gram-negative models, PG recycling is vital for cell wall integrity in A. tumefaciens. YepA is widespread in the Rhizobiales and Rhodobacterales, suggesting that YejBEF-YepA-mediated PG recycling could represent an important but overlooked aspect of cell wall biology in these bacteria.