bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larvicidal evaluation of two novel cationic gemini surfactants against the potential vector of West Nile virusCulex pipiensLinnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Abdel‐Haleem Doaa R. , Badr Entsar E. , Samy Abdallah M. , Baker Sharbat A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of insecticide resistance is a serious consequence of the widespread applications of synthetic insecticides. Recent studies have provided alternatives to currently available insecticides. Here, novel cationic gemini surfactants were synthesized to assess their insecticidal activities using laboratory and field strains larvae ofCulex pipiensLinnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae). The efficacy of these surfactants was compared to that of clove oil and spinosad. The two surfactants G1 and G2 showed good insecticidal activities in laboratory strain with LC500.013 and 0.054 ppm, respectively, relative to spinosad with LC500.027 ppm, 48 h posttreatment. Although spinosad showed high efficiency against lab strain, it exhibited a high resistance ratio (RR) of 15.111 and 13.111 toward the field strain at 24 and 48 h posttreatment, respectively. The two gemini surfactants have a good safety profile and low RR (RR <5), which is close to clove oil; however, G1 and G2 presented high activities with 11,043.230 and 2658.648 folds, respectively, compared to clove oil. The treatedCx.pipienslarvae showed severe morphological malformations after treatment with gemini surfactants. The results of this study are promising in terms of developing novel, effective, affordable, and safe approaches for mosquito control strategies to reduce the risk of arbovirus transmission, which remains a global public health threat.
Decolonizing nursing through the lens of Black maternal health
Authors: Canty Lucinda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the United States, there is a long history of racial disparities in maternal health, with Black women disproportionately representing poor maternal health outcomes. Black women are three to four times more likely to die from a pregnancy‐related complication and twice as likely to experience severe maternal morbidity when compared to white women. Where are nurses in the development of knowledge to improve maternal health outcomes among Black birthing people? This dialogue discusses how decolonizing nursing can occur by examining the history of Black maternal health in the United States and using the works of nursing scholars of color to inform nursing education, research, and clinical practice.
Iron and atrial fibrillation: A review
Authors: Ju Hao , Liu Tao , Yang Manqi , Cheng Mian , Wu Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common arrhythmias in clinical practice, is classified into paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF according to its duration. The development of AF is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the exact etiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Recent studies found disorders of iron metabolism might be involved in the progression of AF. Abnormal iron metabolism in cardiomyocytes provides arrhythmogenic substrates through a variety of mechanisms, including calcium mishandling, ion channel remodeling, and oxidative stress overaction. Interestingly, in AF patients with iron overload, interventions on iron metabolism, such as iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors, has been shown to prevent AF via reducing ferroptosis. Herein, we review the possible mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications of altered atrial iron handling for AF pathophysiology.
How FAST are women farmers in Greece transforming contested gender identities in a (still) male‐dominant sector?
Authors: Tsiaousi Alexandra , Partalidou Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWomen farmers’ experiences are not necessarily homogeneous between contexts, and overall different social structures might have different spillover effects into agriculture. Despite the so‐called ‘feminisation’ of Greek agriculture—manifested as an increase in the proportion of officially registered farm heads being female and recognition of female contribution to farming—the question remains of how fast these changes do transform the role of women in Greek agriculture and how far they reach in terms of changing contested gender identities in a still male‐dominant sector. This article, inspired by the recent work on Feminist Agri‐Food Systems Theory (FAST), tries to shed light on these transformations by collecting official data, working with local experts–informants and conducting in‐depth qualitative interviews with 71 women farmers in Greece. We advocate for indicators of transformation by using women's life stories and the FAST as a theoretical lens. According to our results, the increasing visibility of women in agriculture did not activate any dynamic renegotiation of the hierarchical and pre‐defined gender roles within the family and local society. Overall, multiple roles and tasks remain still challenging in the daily routine of women farmers. However, in contrast to the past, there are different pathways to enter agriculture, and despite all barriers, women's self‐perception as farmers is quite empowered in the study area. They are younger than the national average, their farm size is larger than average, they prefer value‐added production and they seek tailored agricultural extension services and peer‐to‐peer knowledge through informal networks. For the further theoretical development of the FAST model, and advancing the state of the art, we reflect on some additional axes and indicators resulting from its application in the Greek context.
Retrospective evaluation of fresh platelet concentrate administration in dogs: Patient characteristics, outcomes, and transfusion practices in 189 transfusion episodes (2008–2019)
Authors: Saint‐Pierre Laurence M. , Farrell Kate S. , Hopper Kate , Reagan Krystle L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe patient characteristics, underlying disease processes, clinical outcomes, transfusion dose and type (therapeutic or prophylactic), platelet count changes, and adverse events associated with platelet concentrate (PC) administration in dogs.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsA total of 149 dogs, representing 189 PC transfusion episodes.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsIn this population, 39 of 149 dogs (26.2%) were diagnosed with primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, 22 of 149 (14.8%) had decreased bone marrow production, 12 of 149 (8.0%) received PC during a massive transfusion, 3 of 149 (2.0%) had congenital thrombocytopathia, 59 of 149 (39.6%) had severe thrombocytopenia of other causes, and 14 of 149 (9.4%) underwent transfusion for miscellaneous causes without a documented severe thrombocytopenia. In 117 of 149 dogs (78.5%), >1 site of hemorrhage was noted. The most common sites of hemorrhage were the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 89 of 149 (59.7%) and the skin in 78 of 149 (52.3%). Overall survival to discharge was 59.1% (88/149). The median PC dose was 0.8 units per 10 kg of body weight per transfusion episode (range: 0.2–6.7). Of 189 episodes, 29 of 189 (15.7%) were prophylactic, and 158 of 189 (83.6%) were therapeutic. For 99 of 189 transfusion episodes, paired pre‐ and postplatelet counts were available within 24 hours. The median platelet count change was 5.0 × 109/L (5000/μL; range: –115 × 109/L to 158 × 109/L [–115,000 to 158,000/μL]); the posttransfusion platelet count was significantly higher than pretransfusion (P < 0.0001). The increase in platelet count after transfusion was greater in the prophylactic group than the therapeutic group (P = 0.0167). Transfusion reactions were suspected during 2 of 168 episodes (1.2%).ConclusionsImmune‐mediated thrombocytopenia was the most common disease process that resulted in PC transfusion. PC was more frequently administered to animals with active hemorrhage rather than prophylactically, and most dogs had evidence of hemorrhage in multiple organ systems, particularly the GI tract and skin. PC transfusions typically appeared safe, and the median platelet count increased after transfusion.
Retrospective analysis of the use of canine‐specific albumin in 125 critically ill dogs
Authors: Sahagian Michael J. , Mastrocco Alicia , Weltman Joel G. , Woods Sarah , Prittie Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical use of canine‐specific albumin (CSA) in critically ill dogs, report adverse events, and evaluate measurable clinical effects of CSA administration.DesignRetrospective case series from 2019 to 2020.SettingLarge, urban, private‐practice referral and emergency center.AnimalsConsecutive sample of 125 client‐owned dogs administered CSA transfusions.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe conditions most commonly associated with the use of CSA were surgical (32/125) and nonsurgical (20/125) gastrointestinal disease. Both serum albumin and total plasma protein concentrations were significantly increased posttransfusion (P < 0.001), and 16% albumin transfusions produced the greatest magnitude increase in serum albumin (P = 0.0015). Concurrent crystalloid administration did not affect change in albumin. While there was no significant improvement in blood pressure seen in those patients that received albumin, a significant improvement in shock index was identified (P = 0.02). Adverse events were uncommon; however, 8 critically ill dogs died during CSA administration.ConclusionsCSA appears to be a relatively safe alternative to synthetic colloids and complementary to crystalloids in critically ill patients. More concentrated solutions may be more effective in raising serum albumin concentration. Further investigation into the indications for and efficacy of CSA will continue to improve our knowledge of this blood product.
Accounting for Circumferential Flow Nonuniformity in a Multistage Axial Compressor
Authors: Lou Fangyuan , Matthews Douglas R. , Kormanik Nicholas J. , Key Nicole L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe flow field in a compressor is circumferentially nonuniform due to geometric imperfections, inlet flow nonuniformities, and blade row interactions. Therefore, the flow field, as represented by measurements from discrete stationary instrumentation, can be skewed and contributes to uncertainties in both calculated one-dimensional performance parameters and aerodynamic forcing functions needed for aeromechanics analyses. Considering this challenge, this article documents a continued effort to account for compressor circumferential flow nonuniformities based on discrete, undersampled measurements. First, the total pressure field downstream of the first two stators in a three-stage axial compressor was measured across half of the annulus. The circumferential nonuniformities in the stator exit flow, including vane wake variability, were characterized. In addition, the influence of wake variation on stage performance calculations and aerodynamic forcing functions were investigated. In the present study for the compressor with an approximate pressure ratio of 1.3 at the design point, the circumferential nonuniformity in total pressure yields an approximate 2.4-point variation in isentropic efficiency and 54% variation in spectral magnitudes of the fundamental forcing frequency for the embedded stage. Furthermore, the stator exit circumferential flow nonuniformity is accounted for by reconstructing the full-annulus flow using a novel multiwavelet approximation method. Strong agreement was achieved between experiment and the reconstructed total pressure field from a small segment of measurements representing 20% coverage of the annulus. The analysis shows the wake–wake interactions from the upstream vane rows dominate the circumferentially nonuniform distributions in the total pressure field downstream of stators. The features associated with wake–wake interactions accounting for passage-to-passage variations are resolved in the reconstructed total pressure profile, yielding representative mean flow properties and aerodynamic forcing functions.
Treatment and referral experiences of patients with type A aortic dissection and their families: a qualitative study
Authors: Li Lin , Wu Wenxian , Xu Na , Zhao Qing , Guo Wanpeng 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the experiences and feelings of patients with type A aortic dissection (TAAD) and their families during the medical treatment and referral process, investigate the entire process’s needs and problems and provide evidence for improving the aortic dissection treatment system.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using a phenomenological study. Face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data, which was transcribed verbatim.SettingDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery of Shanxi Bethune Hospital in China.ParticipantsFifteen family groups, consisting of patients with TAAD who underwent surgical treatment and their families, were selected.ResultsThree primary themes were discussed and developed. Theme 1: the experiences of medical treatment and referral (confusion at the onset; complex inner feelings and emotional expressions of the medical treatment and referral; preoperative inner conflict); theme 2: problems with the TAAD medical treatment system (the quality of diagnosis and medical treatment needs to be improved; deficiency of medical system policies and procedures); and theme 3: real demands (demands for TAAD-related knowledge and access to the disease; economic-related demands).ConclusionPatients with TAAD and their families encounter complex inner experiences, multiple requirements and numerous challenges during the medical treatment and referral process. It is advised that the treatment and referral system of TAAD in China needs to be improved. Future research and clinical practice should standardise diagnosis and treatment training, establish a fast channel for TAAD to prioritise treatment, popularise aortic dissection-related knowledge and improve the funding system.
Understanding how primary care practitioners can be supported to recognise, screen and initially diagnose oropharyngeal dysphagia: protocol for a behavioural science realist review
Authors: Smith Caroline , Bhattacharya Debi , Scott Sion 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionOropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) affects around 15% of older people; however, it is often unrecognised and underdiagnosed until patients are hospitalised. Screening is an important process which aims to facilitate proactive assessment, diagnosis and management of health conditions. Healthcare systems do not routinely screen for OD in older people, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) are largely unaware of the need to screen. This realist review aims to identify relevant literature and develop programme theories to understand what works, for whom, under what circumstances and how, to facilitate primary care HCPs to recognise, screen and initially diagnose OD.Methods and analysisWe will follow five steps for undertaking a realist review: (1) clarify the scope, (2) literature search, (3) appraise and extract data, (4) evidence synthesis and (5) evaluation. Initial programme theories (IPTs) will be constructed after the preliminary literature search, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and with input from a stakeholder group. We will search Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus and PsycINFO databases. We will obtain additional evidence through grey literature, snowball sampling, lateral searching and consulting the stakeholder group. Literature will be screened, evaluated and synthesised in Covidence. Evidence will be assessed for quality by evaluating its relevance and rigour. Data will be extracted and synthesised according to their relation to IPTs. We will follow the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards quality and publication standards to report study results.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required for this review. We will disseminate this research through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, written pieces targeted to diverse groups of HCPs on selected online platforms and public engagement events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022320327.
Use of healthcare before and after sepsis in Sweden: a case–control study
Authors: Dahlberg Jacob , Linder Adam , Mellhammar Lisa 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare readmissions and death between sepsis and non-sepsis hospitalisations the first year after discharge, and to investigate what diagnoses patients with sepsis present with at readmission. The aim was also to evaluate to what degree patients hospitalised for sepsis seek medical attention prior to hospitalisation.DesignRetrospective case–control study with data validated through clinical chart review. A disproportionate stratified sampling model was used to include a relatively larger number of sepsis hospitalisations.SettingAll eight public hospitals in region Scania, Sweden (1 January to 3 December 2019).ParticipantsThere were 447 patients hospitalised for sepsis (cases), and 541 hospitalised for other causes (control) identified through clinical chart review.Outcome measuresCox regression was used to analyse readmission and death the year after discharge, and logistic regression was used to analyse healthcare the week prior to hospitalisation. Both analyses were made unadjusted, and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities.ResultsOut of patients who survived a sepsis hospitalisation, 48% were readmitted the year after discharge, compared with 39% for patients without sepsis (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.19), p=0.04. The majority (52%) of readmissions occurred within 90 days and 75% within 180 days. The readmissions were most often caused by infection (32%), and 18% by cardiovascular disease. Finally, 34% of patients with sepsis had sought prehospital contact with a physician the week before hospitalisation, compared with 22% for patients without sepsis (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.04), p=0.03.ConclusionPatients hospitalised for sepsis had a higher risk of readmission the year after discharge compared with patients without sepsis. The most common diagnoses at readmission were infection followed by cardiovascular disease. With better follow-up, some of these readmissions could potentially be prevented. Patients hospitalised for sepsis had sought prehospital contact the week prior to hospitalisation to a greater extent than patients without sepsis.
Mortality among people who have experienced homelessness: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heerde Jessica , Borschmann Rohan , Young Jesse , Kinner Stuart A , Sawyer Susan M , Patton George C 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHomelessness is a major contributor to health inequalities. People who experience homelessness are at markedly increased risk of multiple and complex health morbidities which likely increase their susceptibility to early, preventable death. Despite this, the mortality burden in this group remains poorly understood, limited in part by insufficient synthesis of data at a global level. This systematic review will synthesise international literature examining rates of risk and protective factors for mortality among people who have experienced homelessness.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and PubMed for peer-reviewed cohort studies examining mortality among people who have experienced homelessness. No study eligibility restrictions will be placed on the date, country of origin, or language of publications, or age of the sample. We will assess the quality of included studies using the Methodological Standards for Epidemiological Research scale. Our measures of mortality will include: (A) incidence—all cause and cause specific, expressed as a crude mortality rate (CMR) per 1000 person-years, with 95% CI and (B) all cause and cause specific, indirectly standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95%CI. Associations between risk and protective factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality will be reported using pooled relative risk ratios with 95% CI. Where there are sufficient data, the influence of subgroup and methodological factors on CMRs, SMRs and predictive factors will be examined using meta-regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require institutional ethics review or approval as it will synthesise findings from published studies that have previously been granted relevant ethics approvals. Study findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal article, conference and seminar presentations. A plain language summary will be distributed through the authors’ academic and professional networks.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021272937.
Staff and ward factors associated with aggression development on an acute closed psychiatric ward: an experience sampling method study
Authors: Weltens Irene , Drukker Marjan , van Amelsvoort T , Bak Maarten 
Published: February 2023

Aggression on psychiatric wards develops under influence of patient, staff and ward factors. Assessment of naturalistic derived staff and ward factors might increase better understanding of how aggressive incidents develop on psychiatric wards.ObjectiveStudying staff and ward factors including interactions between patients and nurses prior and after development of aggression, within a naturalistic closed ward setting.DesignA prospective naturalistic experience sampling method (ESM) study.Setting and participantsA high intensive care unit of a mental health institution in The Netherlands where 29 nurses answered beeps generated by an app during approximately 7 consecutive days with questions regarding their subjective feelings, ward atmosphere, location, interaction they had with patients and their colleagues and whether an incident took place.Main outcome measuresAssociations were established between different staff and ward factors and the occurrence of aggressive incidents on the ward.ResultsRisk for aggression was associated with the nurse being with a patient (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.15, p=0.05). No significant association was found between discussing with the patient and setting a limit or physical absence of the nurse on the one hand and aggression on the other. More experienced nurses encountered more aggression (OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.32 to 8.26, p=0.01). Age and gender of the nurse were not associated with aggression development. Exceeding the maximum bed capacity was associated with a greater risk for aggression (OR=5.36, 95% CI 1.69 to 16.99, p=0.004). There was no significant association when analysing a more positive atmosphere on the ward or positive affect of the nurse, but negative affect of the nurses showed a trend for an association with less aggression.ConclusionAggression is a problem that should be managed from a multidimensional perspective. The quality of interaction between nurses and patients is crucial. Exceeding the maximum bed capacity is likely associated with more aggression.