bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self and public stigma towards mental illnesses and its predictors among university students in 11 Arabic‐speaking countries: A multi‐site study
Authors: Al Omari Omar , Valsaraj Blessy Prabha , Khatatbeh Moawiah , Al‐Jubouri Mohammed Baqer , Emam Mahmoud , Al Hashmi Iman , Al Qadire Mohammad , Aljezawi Maen , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah , Hasona Aisha Awad , Tarhini Zeinab , Damra Jalal , Al Sabei Sulaiman , Mohamed Nora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore self and public stigma towards mental illness and associated factors among university students from 11 Arabic‐speaking countries. This cross‐sectional study included 4241 university students recruited from Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Syria, Sudan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. The participants completed three self‐administrative online questionnaires—Demographic Proforma (age, gender, family income, etc.), Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the average mean between the 11 countries (p < 0.01) based on stigma agreement (self) and stigma awareness (public). The mean stigma agreement towards mental illnesses among university students was 19.7 (SD = 6.0), with the lowest in Lebanon, 15.9 (SD = 5.1) and the highest in UAE, 24.1 (SD = 5.6). The factors associated with stigma agreement included poor knowledge, being male, high family income, age, weak cumulative grade point average (cGPA), mothers with primary education, an unemployed parent, students in scientific colleges and fathers who completed secondary or university degrees. Furthermore, the factors associated with stigma awareness included good knowledge, acceptable cGPA and having a father who has a low income and is illiterate. Stigma towards mental illness varies among university students across Arabic‐speaking countries. There is a need to sensitize youngsters to the need for a humanitarian approach in society to individuals affected by mental health concerns. Major governmental reforms must be initiated for the provision of mental health services for individuals with mental illnesses.
Family engagement in paediatric acute care settings: A realist review
Authors: Jerofke‐Owen Teresa A. , McAndrew Natalie S. , Totka Joan P. , Gralton Karen S. , Sawin Kathleen J. , Fial Alissa V. , Weiss Marianne E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo create a programme theory of family engagement in paediatric acute care to explicate the relationships between contexts and mechanisms of family engagement that align with family, direct care providers and healthcare organization outcomes.DesignRealist review and synthesis.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science searches for the 2.5‐year period (July 2019–December 2021) following our 2021 scoping review.Review MethodsFollowing methods described by Pawson and Rycroft‐Malone, we defined the scope of the review, searched for and appraised the evidence, extracted and synthesized study findings and developed a supporting narrative of our results.ResultsOf 316 initial citations, 101 were included in our synthesis of the final programme theory. Contexts included family and direct care provider individualism, and the organizational care philosophy and environment. Mechanisms were family presence, family enactment of a role in the child's care, direct care providers facilitating a family role in the child's care, unit/organizational promotion of a family role, relationship building and mutually beneficial partnerships. Outcomes were largely family‐focussed, with a paucity of organizational outcomes studied. We identified four context–mechanism–outcome configurations.ConclusionThis realist review uncovered underlying contexts and mechanisms between patients, direct care providers and organizations in the family engagement process and key components of a mutually beneficial partnership. Given that successful family engagement requires direct care provider and organizational support, future research should expand beyond family outcomes to include direct care providers, particularly nurses and healthcare organization outcomes.ImpactThe final programme theory of family engagement in paediatric acute care provides a roadmap for clinicians to develop complex interventions to engage families and evaluate their impact. The components of our final programme theory reflect family engagement concepts that have been evolving for decades.Patient or Public ContributionThe team conducting this review included members from the practice setting (JT & KG). In the future, as we and others use this model in practice, we will seek input for refinement from clinicians, patients and caregivers.
If it is language that speaks, what do speakers do? Confronting Heidegger's language ontology
Authors: Duranti Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany of Heidegger’s statements about language should sound familiar to linguistic anthropologists, starting with the pragmatic‐indexical functions of speaking (in Sein und Zeit) and continuing, in later years, with something resembling linguistic relativity. But a comparison of Heidegger’s ideas with those of some of his contemporaries who wrote about similar themes reveals that he had different goals, first among them “the destruction of western metaphysics,” which he pursued by means of a new philosophical metalanguage, full of unorthodox etymologies, ambiguous metaphors, and linguistic constructions that gave agency to non‐human entities (e.g., “the world worlds,” “language speaks”). While offering himself as the prophet of innovative thinking and speaking, Heidegger also endorsed a conservative language ideology whereby some languages and some writers were said to be better equipped than others to capture the truth about the human condition. His decentering of the human subject ultimately turned into an antihumanist and elitist stance whereby most speakers are inauthentic “sounding boxes.” Drawing from concepts and analytic tools familiar to linguistic anthropologists I offer ways to counter Heidegger’s apocalyptic language ontology, explain the reasons of his success, and reflect on our own language ontology.
The effect of passive clear aligners on masticatory muscle activity in adults with different levels of oral parafunction
Authors: Pittar Nicholas , Firth Fiona , Bennani Hamza , Farella Mauro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge of the possible side‐effects of clear aligners on jaw function.ObjectivesTo determine the short‐term effect of passive clear aligners (PCAs) on masticatory muscle activity (MMA), occlusal discomfort (OD) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms in adults with different levels of self‐reported oral parafunction.Materials and MethodsParticipants were screened for oral parafunctional behaviours using the oral behavioural checklist. Respondents in ≥85th and ≤15th percentiles were invited to participate and allocated to a high (HPF: N = 15) or low (lower parafunction [LPF]: N = 16) parafunction group. Participants underwent a TMD clinical examination; somatisation and somatosensory amplification were assessed by questionnaires; OD and stress were assessed by visual analogue scales. While wearing PCAs, awake‐time MMA was assessed three times over 9 days using a wearable electromyography device, along with OD, stress and TMD symptoms.ResultsThe wearing of PCAs was associated with a significant decrease in mean contraction episode amplitude in both groups (p = 0.003). OD levels increased and remained raised in all participants after insertion of the PCAs (p < 0.001), more so in the HPF group (p = 0.048). The HPF group had higher somatisation scores (p = 0.006) and reported more TMD symptoms at all time points (p ≤ 0.004). No significant changes in stress or TMD symptoms were found in either group during the study period.ConclusionsPCAs were associated with a decrease in MMA in all participants. HPF individuals had greater somatisation and reported greater discomfort when wearing PCAs than LPF individuals.
Despite popular intuition, positive world beliefs poorly reflect several objective indicators of privilege, including wealth, health, sex, and neighborhood safety
Authors: Kerry Nicholas , White KC , O'Brien Mark L. , Perry Laura M. , Clifton Jeremy D. W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe tested whether generalized beliefs that the world is safe, abundant, pleasurable, and progressing (termed “primal world beliefs”) are associated with several objective measures of privilege.MethodsThree studies (N = 16,547) tested multiple relationships between indicators of privilege—including socioeconomic status, health, sex, and neighborhood safety—and relevant world beliefs, as well as researchers and laypeople's expectations of these relationships. Samples were mostly from the USA and included general population samples (Study 2) as well as focused samples of academic researchers (Study 1) and people who had experienced serious illness or trauma (Study 3).ResultsStudies 1–2 found mostly negligible relationships between world beliefs and indicators of privilege, which were invariably lower than researcher predictions (e.g., instead of the expected r = 0.33, neighborhood affluence correlated with Abundant world belief at r = 0.01). Study 3 found that people who had experienced serious illness (cancer, cystic fibrosis) only showed modest differences in beliefs from controls.ConclusionsWhile results do not preclude that some individuals' beliefs were meaningfully affected by life events, they imply that such changes are smaller or less uniform than widely believed and that knowing a person's demographic background may tell us relatively little about their beliefs (and vice versa).
Giant mitochondria in human liver disease
Authors: Shami Gerald J. , Samarska Iryna V. , Koek Ger H. , Li Amy , Palma Elena , Chokshi Shilpa , Wisse Eddie , Braet Filip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis thematic review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the occurrence of giant mitochondria or megamitochondria in liver parenchymal cells. Their presence and accumulation are considered to be a major pathological hallmark of the health and fate of liver parenchymal cells that leads to overall tissue deterioration and eventually results in organ failure. The first description on giant mitochondria dates back to the 1960s, coinciding with the availability of the first generation of electron microscopes in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Detailed accounts on their ultrastructure have mostly been described in patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, from this extensive literature survey, it became apparent that giant mitochondria or megamitochondria present themselves with or without highly organised crystal‐like intramitochondrial inclusions. The origin, formation and potential role of giant mitochondria remain to‐date largely unanswered. Likewise, the biochemical composition of the well‐organised crystal‐like inclusions and their possible impact on mitochondrial function is unclear. Herein, concepts about the possible mechanism of their formation and three‐dimensional architecture will be approached. We will furthermore discuss their importance in diagnostics, including future research outlooks and potential therapeutic interventions to cure liver disease where giant mitochondria are implemented.
Logic will get you from A to B, imagination will take you anywhere
Authors: Berto Francesco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is some consensus on the claim that imagination as suppositional thinking can have epistemic value insofar as it's constrained by a principle of minimal alteration of how we know or believe reality to be – compatibly with the need to accommodate the supposition initiating the imaginative exercise. But in the philosophy of imagination there is no formally precise account of how exactly such minimal alteration is to work. I propose one. I focus on counterfactual imagination, arguing that this can be modeled as simulated belief revision governed by Laplacian imaging. So understood, it can be rationally justified by accuracy considerations: it minimizes expected belief inaccuracy, as measured by the Brier score.
SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 synergistically regulate compound leaf development through interacting with SlAS2 and activating transcription of SlCKX2 in tomato
Authors: Hu Guoyu , Zhang Danqiu , Luo Dan , Sun Wenhui , Zhou Rijin , Hong Zonglie , Munir Shoaib , Ye Zhibiao , Yang Changxian , Zhang Junhong , Wang Taotao 
Published: August 2023

Summary

The complexity of compound leaves results primarily from the leaflet initiation and arrangement during leaf development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying compound leaf development remains a central research question.

SlTCP24 and SlTCP29, two plant‐specific transcription factors with the conserved TCP motif, are shown here to synergistically regulate compound leaf development in tomato. When both of them were knocked out simultaneously, the number of leaflets significantly increased, and the shape of the leaves became more complex. SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 could form both homodimers and heterodimers, and such dimerization was impeded by the leaf polarity regulator SlAS2, which interacted with SlTCP24 and SlTCP29.

SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 could bind to the TCP‐binding cis‐element of the SlCKX2 promoter and activate its transcription. Transgenic plants with SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 double‐gene knockout had a lowered transcript level of SlCKX2 and an elevated level of cytokinin.

This work led to the identification of two key regulators of tomato compound leaf development and their targeted genes involved in cytokinin metabolic pathway. A model of regulation of compound leaf development was proposed based on observations of this study.
A novel treatment for Riehl's melanosis targeting both dermal melanin and vessels
Authors: Kim Yul Hee , Park Young Joon , Baek Du Jin , Kwon Ji Eun , Kang Hee Young 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground/purposeRiehl's melanosis is a difficult‐to‐treat condition characterized by persisting dermal hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a histology‐specific targeted therapy for Riehl's melanosis.MethodsSkin biopsy samples of Riehl's melanosis were assessed to identify histology‐specific targets for treatment. Subsequently, the efficacy of a combination involving a fractional picosecond laser and a pulsed dye laser (PDL) targeting the dermal melanin and vessels, respectively, was evaluated. Clinical improvement was assessed using the dermal pigmentation area and severity index (DPASI). The treatment outcomes were compared to those of a control, in this case a single laser treatment solely targeting pigmentation.ResultsHistological and immunohistochemical analyses identified dermal melanin pigment and dilated vessels as treatment targets for Riehl's melanosis. The combined treatment of the fractional picosecond laser and PDL showed a significant reduction of the DPASI scores, which was significantly better than the control group. Patients who underwent the combined laser treatment indicated high levels of satisfaction with no adverse events except of transient erythema and oedema.ConclusionThe combined treatment of a fractional picosecond laser and a PDL was more effective for Riehl's melanosis compared to single laser treatment. The treatment targets both dermal pigmentation and dilated vessels, offering promising results for those working to manage Riehl's melanosis.
Gut microbiota trajectory in β‐thalassemia major children who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Luo Hongfeng , Liu Taohua , Qu Yuhua , Kuang Caiyun , Xiao Minhua , Sun Jing , Chen Huimin , Wu Jinhui , Liu Xihong , Jiang Hua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe gut microbiota of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) changes, leading to complications such as acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). This study aimed to evaluate the human microbiota composition before and after HSCT in β‐thalassemia major (β‐TM) children.MethodTwenty‐two β‐TM children who received allo‐HSCT between December 2018 and March 2020 were enrolled. They were followed up for more than 100 days after HSCT, and their gut microbiota information and disease data were recorded at five‐time points.ResultsThe dominant bacteria were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level and Lachnospiraceae at the family level before and after HSCT. In the differential analysis, Ruminococcaceae constantly decreased after HSCT. Besides, Rothia mucilaginosa was the most abundant 2 months after HSCT compared to before it. Additionally, GVHD patients presented decreased levels of Bacteroidetes compared to those without GVHD. Moreover, Blautia levels significantly decreased in critically ill GVHD patients.ConclusionThe gut microbiota of the 22 β‐TM children showed a clear trend of destruction and reconstruction within 100 days after HSCT. The extra‐oral infections and inflammations of Rothia mucilaginosa, a Gram‐positive bacterium of the normal oropharyngeal tract microbiota, might play an important role in the recovery process of HSCT. Finally, decreased Bacteroidetes levels were associated with GVHD onset.
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Wearing masks as a protective measure for children against traffic‐related air pollution: A comparison of perceptions between school children and their caregivers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Le Hong H. T. C. , Vien Nguyen Truong , Dang Tran Ngoc , Ware Robert S. , Phung Dung , Thai Phong K. , Ranganathan Sarath , Vinh Nguyen Nhu , Dung Phan Hoang Thuy , Thanh Huynh Ngoc , Dung Truong Thi Thuy , Hien To Thi , Sly Peter D. , Le An Pham 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraffic‐related air pollution (TRAP) problems are unlikely to be solved in the short term, making it imperative to educate children on protective measures to mitigate the negative impact on their health. Children and their caregivers may hold differing views on wearing a face mask as a safeguard against air pollution. While many studies have focused on predicting children's health‐protective behaviours against air pollution, few have explored the differences in perceptions between children and their caregivers.ObjectivesTo examine this, we conducted a study that compared the health beliefs of two generations and evaluated the factors that influence the use of masks by children to reduce air pollution exposure.MethodsThe study was conducted in 24 secondary schools and involved 8420 children aged 13–14 and their caregivers. We used a Health Belief Model (HBM)‐based instrument containing 17‐item self‐administered health beliefs questionnaires to gather data. The results were analysed using hierarchical logistic regression to determine the probability of children frequently wearing masks to protect against TRAP.ResultsOur study showed both children and caregivers recognised that several factors could influence mask‐wearing among children: discomfort or difficulty breathing while wearing a mask and forgetting to bring a mask when going outside; perceived threats of the poor quality of air and children's respiratory health problems; and cues to mask use (i.e., seeing most of their friends wearing facemasks and ease of finding masks in local stores). However, only children were significantly concerned with public perception of their appearance while wearing a mask. Females were more likely to wear masks, and caregivers with higher levels of education were more likely to encourage their children to wear masks. Children who commuted to schools by walking, biking, or motorbiking were also more accepting of mask‐wearing than those who travelled by car or bus.ConclusionsChildren and their caregivers hold different perceptions of wearing masks to protect against air pollution. Children are more susceptible to social judgements regarding their appearance when wearing a mask.
How exporters neutralised an increase in tariffs
Authors: Minondo Asier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI use the unanticipated and large additional tariffs the US imposed on European Union products due to the Airbus‐Boeing conflict to analyse how exporters reacted to a change in trade policy. Using firm‐level data for Spain and applying a difference‐in‐differences methodology, I show that the export revenue in the US of the firms affected by the tariff hike did not significantly decrease relative to the one of other Spanish exporters to the US. I show that Spanish exporters were able to neutralise the increase in tariffs by substituting Spanish products with products originated in countries unaffected by tariffs and shifting to varieties not affected by tariffs. My results show that tariff avoidance is another margin exporters can use to counteract the effects of a tariff hike.
Ultrasonographic features of the regressing yolk sac of normal captive Brown kiwi chicks (Apteryx mantelli) vary with age
Authors: Short Emily , Owen Mark , Vallee Emilie , Bolwell Charlotte , Morgan Kerri J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) are a culturally significant ratite species endemic to New Zealand. Chicks can develop diseases of the yolk sac which can be fatal if not promptly recognized and treated. Ultrasound examination of the yolk sac is an important component in the evaluation of chicks with suspected yolk sac disease. However, there are currently no reports of the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the regressing yolk sac in this species. The objective of this prospective reference interval study was to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the yolk sac in brown kiwi chicks. Focused coelomic sonographic examinations were performed on 29 healthy chicks from >1 day of age until the yolk sac was completely absorbed or was <1 mL in volume. 41.6% (57/137) of yolks were round/ovoid in shape and 58.6% (80/137) had lobulated margins with invaginations. All yolks (137/137) were hyperechoic relative to adjacent coelomic structures. The heterogeneity of the echogenicity of the yolk was significantly associated with age (increased heterogeneity in younger birds) and was homogeneous, mildly heterogeneous, and moderately heterogeneous in 33% (46/138), 46% (63/138), and 21% (29/138) of all examinations respectively. Intrasac anechoic pockets were seen in 14% (20/139) of yolk sacs. The rate of yolk sac resorption slowed with age. In all examinations identifying a completely absorbed yolk sac or a yolk sac <1 mL in volume, chicks were less than 21 days old. The results of this study provide a reference of normal for the sonographic appearance of the yolk sac in captive brown kiwi chicks.