bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic factors influence net carbon emissions of forest bioenergy expansion
Authors: Favero Alice , Baker Justin , Sohngen Brent , Daigneault Adam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is considerable concern that consuming forest biomass for energy will increase net carbon emissions from forests, which is defined as carbon debt. Using a market-based economic model, we test the effects of 51 demand pathways for forest bioenergy on future forest carbon stocks to assess the likelihood of incurring a sustained carbon debt lasting for several decades. We show that potential forest carbon debt from bioenergy expansion, measured as a near-term decrease in forest carbon sequestration relative to a baseline, occurs and persists only under a specific set of assumptions about carbon accounting, markets, policies, and future biomass demands. Finally, we evaluate whether forest regulations restricting biomass sourcing could influence the scale of carbon debt and/or reduce the time needed to recover the carbon debt (payback period). We show that under similar demand pathways and in the absence of direct carbon policies, imposing limits to supply is likely to reduce the payback period but does not avoid initial carbon debt.
Ultra-small bacteria and archaea exhibit genetic flexibility towards groundwater oxygen content, and adaptations for attached or planktonic lifestyles
Authors: Gios Emilie , Mosley Olivia E , Weaver Louise , Close Murray , Daughney Chris , Handley Kim M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aquifers are populated by highly diverse microbial communities, including unusually small bacteria and archaea. The recently described Patescibacteria (or Candidate Phyla Radiation) and DPANN radiation are characterized by ultra-small cell and genomes sizes, resulting in limited metabolic capacities and probable dependency on other organisms to survive. We applied a multi-omics approach to characterize the ultra-small microbial communities over a wide range of aquifer groundwater chemistries. Results expand the known global range of these unusual organisms, demonstrate the wide geographical range of over 11,000 subsurface-adapted Patescibacteria, Dependentiae and DPANN archaea, and indicate that prokaryotes with ultra-small genomes and minimalistic metabolism are a characteristic feature of the terrestrial subsurface. Community composition and metabolic activities were largely shaped by water oxygen content, while highly site-specific relative abundance profiles were driven by a combination of groundwater physicochemistries (pH, nitrate-N, dissolved organic carbon). We provide insights into the activity of ultra-small prokaryotes with evidence that they are major contributors to groundwater community transcriptional activity. Ultra-small prokaryotes exhibited genetic flexibility with respect to groundwater oxygen content, and transcriptionally distinct responses, including proportionally greater transcription invested into amino acid and lipid metabolism and signal transduction in oxic groundwater, along with differences in taxa transcriptionally active. Those associated with sediments differed from planktonic counterparts in species composition and transcriptional activity, and exhibited metabolic adaptations reflecting a surface-associated lifestyle. Finally, results showed that groups of phylogenetically diverse ultra-small organisms co-occurred strongly across sites, indicating shared preferences for groundwater conditions.
Multimodal brain connectome-based prediction of suicide risk in people with late-life depression
Authors: Gao Mengxia , Wong Nichol M. L. , Lin Chemin , Huang Chih-Mao , Liu Ho-Ling , Toh Cheng-Hong , Wu Changwei , Tsai Yun-Fang , Lee Shwu-Hua , Lee Tatia M. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuicidal ideation, plans and behavior are particularly serious health issues among the older population, resulting in a higher likelihood of deaths than in any other age group. The increasing prevalence of depression in late life reflects the urgent need for efficient screening of suicide risk in people with late-life depression. Employing a cross-sectional design, we performed connectome-based predictive modelling using whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity and white matter structural connectivity data to predict suicide risk in late-life depression patients (N = 37 non-suicidal patients, N = 24 patients with suicidal ideation/plan, N = 30 patients who attempted suicide). Suicide risk was measured using three standardized questionnaires. Brain connectivity profiles were used to classify three groups in our dataset and two independent datasets using machine learning. We found that brain patterns could predict suicide risk in the late-life depression population, with the explained variance up to 30.34%. The functional and structural connectivity profiles improved the classification-prediction accuracy compared with using questionnaire scores alone and could be applied to identify depressed patients who had higher suicide risk in two independent datasets. Our findings suggest that multimodal brain connectivity could capture individual differences in suicide risk among late-life depression patients. Our predictive models might be further tested to help clinicians identify patients who need detailed assessments and interventions. The trial registration number for this study is ChiCTR2200066356.
Prevalence and predictors of mental health problems in refugee children living in informal settlements in Lebanon
Authors: McEwen Fiona S. , Biazoli Claudinei E. , Popham Cassandra M. , Moghames Patricia , Saab Dahlia , Fayyad John , Karam Elie , Bosqui Tania , Pluess Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMillions of people are currently displaced. About half of them are children who are at increased risk of mental health problems. While some risk factors such as war exposure are well established, less is known regarding the effects of the local refugee environment. Here we show that the prevalence and comorbidity of mental health problems in Syrian refugee children living in settlements in Lebanon are high. We assessed individual, familial and social factors in a prospective cohort study (N = 1,591 child–caregiver dyads interviewed between October 2017 and January 2018;n = 1,000 interviewed at 1 yr follow-up). Of these children, 39.6% met the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, 26.9% for conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, 20.1% for depression and 47.8% for anxiety disorders. Exposure to daily stressors was the factor most strongly associated with children’s mental health problems. Interventions and policies addressing ongoing daily stressors are as important as scaling up mental health services for refugee families.
Influence of Electric Frequency-to-Place Mismatches on the Early Speech Recognition Outcomes for Electric–Acoustic Stimulation Users
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Canfarotta Michael W. , Buss Emily , Rooth Meredith A. , Richter Margaret E. , Overton Andrea B. , Roth Noelle E. , Dillon Sarah M. , Raymond Jenna H. , Young Allison , Pearson Adrienne C. , Davis Amanda G. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Brown Kevin D. , O'Connell Brendan P. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Cochlear implant (CI) recipients with hearing preservation experience significant improvements in speech recognition with electric–acoustic stimulation (EAS) as compared to with a CI alone, although outcomes across EAS users vary. The individual differences in performance may be due in part to default mapping procedures, which result in electric frequency-to-place mismatches for the majority of EAS users. This study assessed the influence of electric mismatches on the early speech recognition for EAS users.

Method:
Twenty-one participants were randomized at EAS activation to listen exclusively with a default or place-based map. For both groups, the unaided thresholds determined the acoustic cutoff frequency (i.e., > 65 dB HL). For default maps, the electric filter frequencies were assigned to avoid spectral gaps in frequency information but created varying magnitudes of mismatches. For place-based maps, the electric filter frequencies were assigned to avoid frequency-to-place mismatches. Recognition of consonant–nucleus–consonant words and vowels was assessed at activation and 1, 3, and 6 months postactivation.

Results:

For participants with default maps, electric mismatch at 1500 Hz ranged from 2 to −12.0 semitones (
Mdn
= −5 semitones). Poorer performance was observed for those with larger magnitudes of electric mismatch. This effect was observed through 6 months of EAS listening experience.

Conclusions:
The present sample of EAS users experienced better initial performance when electric mismatches were small or eliminated. These data suggest the utility of methods that reduce electric mismatches, such as place-based mapping procedures. Investigation is ongoing to determine whether these differences persist with long-term EAS use.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22096523
Monitoring and alarm method for wildfires near transmission lines with multi‐Doppler weather radars
Authors: Shu Shengwen , Chen Yangyang , Cao Shiyun , Zhang Bizhen , Fang Chaoying , Xu Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMonitoring and alarm play an important role in preventing trip‐out caused by wildfires for high‐voltage transmission lines. This paper proposes a multi‐Doppler weather radar‐based method for monitoring and alerting of wildfires near transmission lines. Firstly, characteristic parameters are mathematically proposed to distinguish wildfire's radar echoes. Then, the four‐site neighbourhood algorithm and the multithreading method are used to extract all possible wildfire echo units detected by various Doppler weather radars, and a cumulative probability is calculated to identify the wildfire. Finally, a regional block search method is used to quickly locate wildfire‐affected transmission towers. The membership function of spread time in the fuzzy set is proposed to determine the alarm level, which takes into account the influences of environment, topography, and vegetation on wildfire spread rate. The application to a provincial power grid demonstrates that the proposed method has an accuracy of 82.4%, a missing alarm rate of 27.4%, and a delay of fewer than 15 min. In addition, the joint observation of wildfires by multi‐Doppler weather radars and satellites indicates a promising application prospect for transmission line wildfire fighting.
A coordinated model for self‐scheduling and market participation of a large consumer in the face of a comprehensive set of uncertainties with incomplete Data
Authors: Heydarian‐Forushani Ehsan , Abdollahi Amir , Mehrizi Mahmoud , Rashidinejad Masoud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn a restructured electricity market, a large consumer could supply its electricity consumption through its own available resources or purchasing from the electricity markets. Moreover, it could participate in demand response programs (DRPs) and also supply some portion of its demand from bilateral contracts. In this regard, the large consumer's objective is to minimize its own operation cost while facing several uncertainties that could affect its optimal decisions. The decision‐making problem becomes more difficult especially when the historical data is incomplete, or when the data is not available. This paper proposes an optimal decision‐making framework for a large consumer in the face of a comprehensive set of uncertain resources including electricity market price, internal electricity consumption, renewable power generation, and DR participation. To this end, a probabilistic‐possibilistic methodology is proposed to model the uncertainty of the electricity market prices in a more accurate way in comparison with existing approaches through the concept of Z‐number method. The uncertainty of internal electricity consumption is modelled by means of the seasonal ARIMA model, while the stochastic generation of its existing renewable resources are modelled through appropriate probability distribution functions. Moreover, the uncertainty of DRPs is considered by Markov chain. The large consumer also could sign bilateral contracts with generation companies to provide a portion of its required electricity demand. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the Z‐number methodology in comparison with other techniques for handling the uncertainties.
Novel pedestrian navigation system based on zero velocity update procedure technology and improved Sage‐Husa adaptive Kalman filter with index fading memory factor
Authors: Huang Lei , Shi Yuting , Wang Jianhua , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xu Daming , Sang Di 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo acquire an accurate location on the occasions, such as in an indoor, tunnel, and valley, where satellite navigation signals fail. The paper designs a pedestrian navigation system by using the zero velocity update procedure technology (ZUPT) and Kalman filter to reduce the location error. The measurement noise characteristic (mean and variance) of the micro electro mechanical systems gyros is unknown and time variant, but in traditional studies, it is usually thought and calculated as a constant. So the optimality of the error estimation of the Kalman filter cannot be reached. To address this question, this paper proposes the improved Sage–Husa Adaptive Kalman Filter (SHAKF) based on the index fading memory factor to realise the state estimation of the Kalman filter and navigation error correction. The advantage of improved SHAKF is it can accurately estimate the state vector when the measurement noise is unknown and time variant. To verify the validity of novel navigation methods, walking experiments under outdoor environments and indoor environments are carried out. The results of actual walking experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the pedestrian location error compared with the traditional ZUPT method. The mean location error is reduced by more than 10%, and the variance of the location error is reduced by more than 5%.
A roadmap to cosmological parameter analysis with third-order shear statistics
Authors: Linke Laila , Heydenreich Sven , Burger Pierre A. , Schneider Peter 
Published: February 2023

Context. Third-order weak lensing statistics are a promising tool for cosmological analyses since they extract cosmological information in the non-Gaussianity of the cosmic large-scale structure. However, such analyses require precise and accurate models for the covariance of the statistics.
Aims. In this second paper of a series on third-order weak lensing statistics, we derive and validate an analytic model for the covariance of the third-order aperture statistics 〈Map3〉.
Methods. We derive the covariance model from a real-space estimator for 〈Map3〉, including the Gaussian and non-Gaussian parts. We validate the model by comparing it to estimates from simulated Gaussian random fields (GRFs) and two sets of N-body simulations. Finally, we perform mock cosmological analyses with the model covariance and the simulation estimate to compare the resulting parameter constraints.
Results. We find good agreement between the analytic model and the simulations, both for the GRFs and the N-body simulations. The figure of merit in the S8 − Ωm plane from our covariance model is within 3% of the one obtained from the simulated covariances. We also show that our model, which is based on an estimator using convergence maps, can be used to obtain upper and lower bounds for the covariance of an estimator based on three-point shear correlation functions. This second estimator is required to measure 〈Map3〉 in realistic survey data. In our derivation, we find that the covariance of 〈Map3〉 cannot be obtained from the bispectrum covariance and that it includes several ‘finite-field terms’ that do not scale with the inverse survey area.
Conclusions. Our covariance model is sufficiently accurate for analysing stage III surveys. Covariances for statistics in Fourier space cannot always be straightforwardly converted into covariance for real-space statistics.
Prix Nobel de chimie 2022
Authors: Mourot Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

Selon Sydney Brenner, lauréat du prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine en 2002, « les progrès de la science dépendent de nouvelles techniques, de nouvelles découvertes et de nouvelles idées, probablement dans cet ordre ». Le prix Nobel de chimie 2022 a été décerné à Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi (université de Stanford, États-Unis), Morten Peter Meldal (université de Copenhague, Danemark), et Karl Barry Sharpless (institut de recherche Scripps, La Jolla, États-Unis) pour le développement de la chimie click et de la chimie bio-orthogonale. Ce prix Nobel récompense dans une large mesure un développement conceptuel dans les techniques de synthèse chimique et de marquages des cellules, mais également des nouvelles découvertes, notamment en cancérologie. Morten Meldal et Barry Sharpless (qui obtient maintenant son deuxième prix Nobel de chimie, après celui de 2001 pour ses travaux sur la catalyse chirale de réactions d’oxydation) ont développé la chimie click, qui permet d’assembler des briques moléculaires rapidement et efficacement. Carolyn Bertozzi, quant à elle, a porté la chimie click à un autre niveau, en permettant son utilisation biologique sur des cellules et même chez l’animal in vivo.
Accuracy of Caudocranial Canine Femoral Radiographs Compared to Computed Tomography Multiplanar Reconstructions for Measurement of Anatomic Lateral Distal Femoral Angle
Authors: Clark Elliott Anthony , Condon Anna Maria , Ogden Daniel Michael , Bright Steven Riddiford 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective This study aimed to compare the accuracy of sternal recumbency caudocranially obtained radiographs of canine femora to computed tomographic (CT) frontal plane reconstructions of the same femora for assessing anatomic distal lateral femoral angles (aLDFA).Study Design Multicentre, retrospective study utilizing 81 matched radiographic and CT studies of clinical patients undergoing assessment for various issues were reviewed. Anatomic lateral distal femoral angles were measured, and accuracy assessed with descriptive statistics and Bland-Altman plot analysis, with CT considered the reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off for measured aLDFA (102 degrees) were determined to assess radiography as a screening tool for significant deformity.Results Radiographs on average overestimated aLDFA by 1.8 degrees compared to CT. Bland-Altman analysis identified a 15.4 degrees 95% limit of agreement range and a tendency for greater overestimation at higher average measured value. Radiographic measurement of aLDFA of 102 degrees or less had a 90% sensitivity, 71.83% specificity, and 98.08% negative predictive value for the CT measurement being less than 102 degrees.Conclusion Accuracy of aLDFA measurement by caudocranial radiographs does not demonstrate sufficient accuracy when compared to CT frontal plane reconstructions with unpredictable differences. Radiographic assessment is a useful screening tool to exclude animals with a true aLDFA of greater than 102 degrees with a high degree of certainty.
Effects of Angled Dynamic Compression Holes in a Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy Plate on Cranially Directed Fragment Displacement
Authors: Looi Richard C.Y. , White Joanna D. , James Daniel R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective To compare angled dynamic compression holes in a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) plate to a commercially available TPLO plate in an ovine cadaveric model.
Study Design Ovine tibias (40 bones) were mounted on a custom-made securement device and radiopaque markers were placed to aid radiographic measurements. A standard TPLO procedure was performed on each tibia with either a custom-made six-hole 3.5 mm angled compression hole plate (APlate) or a six-hole 3.5 mm standard commercial plate (SPlate). Radiographs were obtained before and after tightening of the cortical screws and evaluated by an observer blinded to the plate. Measurements of cranio-caudal displacement (CDisplacement), proximo-distal displacement (PDisplacement) in relation to the long axis of the tibia, and change in tibial plateau angle (TPA) were determined.
Results CDisplacement was significantly greater in APlate (median 0.85 mm, Q1-Q3: 0.575-1.325 mm) compared to SPlate (median 0.00 mm, Q1-Q3: -0.35-0.50 mm, p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the PDisplacement (median 0.55 mm, Q1-Q3: 0.075-1.00 mm, p = 0.5066) or TPA change (median -0.50°, Q1-Q3: -1.225-0.25°, p = 0.1846) between the two plate types.
Conclusion APlate increases cranially directed displacement of the osteotomy in a TPLO procedure without causing TPA change. The reduced interfragmentary distance across the whole osteotomy could improve osteotomy healing compared to standard commercial TPLO plates.
Strong Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 Infectious Variants
Authors: Mamurova Begimai , Akan Gokce , Mogol Evren , Turgay Ayla , Tuncel Gulten , Evren Emine Unal , Evren Hakan , Suer Kaya , Sanlidag Tamer , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created significant concern since December 2019 worldwide. The virus is known to be highly transmissible. Heterogenic clinical features even vary more among SARS-CoV-2 variants from asymptomatic forms to severe symptoms. Previous studies revealed an association between COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency resulting from its low levels in COVID-19 patients. To our knowledge, there is no scientific investigation that evaluates the direct association between SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene markers in Cyprus. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the putative impact of VDR gene polymorphisms on SARS-CoV-2 infection among different variants.The nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from a total number of 600 patients who were admitted to Near East University Hospital COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Diagnosis Laboratory for routine SARS-CoV-2 real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) test. The RT-qPCR negative resulting samples were taken as control samples (n = 300). On the contrary, the case group consisted of patients who were SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR positive, infected with either SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (n = 100), Delta (n = 100), or Omicron (n = 100) variants. Two VDR gene polymorphisms, TaqI-rs731236 T > C and FokI-rs10735810 C > T, were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The mean age of the COVID-19 patient's ± standard deviation was 46.12 ± 12.36 and 45.25 ± 12.71 years old for the control group (p > 0.05). The gender distribution of the patient group was 48.3% female and 51.7% male and for the control group 43% female and 57% male (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in genotype frequencies of FokI and TaqI variants between SARS-CoV-2 patients compared to the control group (p < 0.005). Furthermore, the risk alleles, FokI T allele and TaqI C, were found to be statistically significant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–2.29, OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.27–2.05, respectively) in COVID-19 patients. The highest number of patients with wild-type genotype was found in the control group, which is 52.9% compared with 17.5% in the case group. Moreover, most of the COVID-19 patients had heterozygous/homozygous genotypes, reaching 82.5%, while 47.1% of the control group patients had heterozygous/homozygous genotypes.Our results suggested that patients with FokI and TaqI polymorphisms might tend to be more susceptible to getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. Overall, findings from this study provided evidence regarding vitamin D supplements recommendation in individuals with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in the peri- or post-COVID-19 pandemic.