bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the short-term variability of H α and H β emissions in a sample of M dwarfs
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Rajpurohit A S , Srivastava Mudit K , Fernández-Trincado José G , Queiroz A B A 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The time-scales of variability in active M dwarfs can be related to their various physical parameters. Thus, it is important to understand such variability to decipher the physics of these objects. In this study, we have performed the low resolution (∼5.7 Å) spectroscopic monitoring of 83 M dwarfs (M0–M6.5) to study the variability of H α/H β emissions; over the time-scales from ∼0.7 to 2.3 h with a cadence of ∼3–10 min. Data of a sample of another 43 late-type M dwarfs (M3.5–M8.5) from the literature are also included to explore the entire spectral sequence. 53 of the objects in our sample (∼64 per cent) show statistically significant short-term variability in H α. We show that this variability in 38 of them are most likely to be related to the flaring events. We find that the early M dwarfs are less variable despite showing higher activity strengths (LH α/Lbol and LH β/Lbol), which saturates around ∼10−3.8 for M0–M4 types. Using archival photometric light curves from TESS and Kepler/K2 missions, the derived chromospheric emission (H α and H β emission) variability is then explored for any plausible systematics with respect to their rotation phase. The variability indicators clearly show higher variability in late-type M dwarfs (M5–M8.5) with shorter rotation periods (&lt;2 d). For 44 sources, their age has been estimated using StarHorse project and possible correlations with variability have been explored. The possible causes and implications for these behaviours are discussed.
Anticipating the XRISM search for the decay of resonantly produced sterile neutrino dark matter
Authors: Lovell Mark R 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The sterile neutrino (N1) features in multiple extensions of the standard model and is a compelling dark matter candidate, especially as the decay of N1 with mass ms = 7.1 keV is a possible source for the unexplained 3.55 keV X-ray line reported in galaxy clusters. This particle will be accessible to the XRISM X-ray mission over the next 12 months. We revisit the physics behind N1 and the uncertainty in its parameters. We compare predictions for the ms = 7.1 keV N1 mixing angle, $\sin ^{2}(2\theta)\,$, and half-mode mass, Mhm, as described in the neutrino minimal standard model (νMSM) extension to existing X-ray observations and structure formation constraints. The strongest available constraints rule out N1 as a dark matter candidate, and a more optimistic reading of the data prefers $\sin ^{2}(2\theta)\,$ = 5 × 10−11 and Mhm = 3.5 × 108 ${\, \rm M_\odot }$. We highlight that the most promising upcoming opportunity for a detection is to find a line of velocity dispersion ∼500 $\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ in the Virgo cluster with XRISM, and then draw up a list of future objects of study to determine: (i) whether the line is from dark matter generally, and (ii) if from dark matter, whether that candidate is indeed N1.
CRISPR/Cas9-induced DNA breaks trigger crossover, chromosomal loss, and chromothripsis-like rearrangements
Authors: Samach Aviva , Mafessoni Fabrizio , Gross Or , Melamed-Bessudo Cathy , Filler-Hayut Shdema , Dahan-Meir Tal , Amsellem Ziva , Pawlowski Wojciech P , Levy Avraham A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) generated by the Cas9 nuclease are commonly repaired via nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). However, little is known about unrepaired DSBs and the type of damage they trigger in plants. We designed an assay that detects loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in somatic cells, enabling the study of a broad range of DSB-induced genomic events. The system relies on a mapped phenotypic marker which produces a light purple color (betalain pigment) in all plant tissues. Plants with sectors lacking the Betalain marker upon DSB induction between the marker and the centromere were tested for LOH events. Using this assay, we detected a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower with a twin yellow and dark purple sector, corresponding to a germinally transmitted somatic crossover event. We also identified instances of small deletions of genomic regions spanning the T-DNA and whole chromosome loss. In addition, we show that major chromosomal rearrangements including loss of large fragments, inversions, and translocations were clearly associated with the CRISPR-induced DSB. Detailed characterization of complex rearrangements by whole-genome sequencing and molecular and cytological analyses supports a model in which a breakage–fusion–bridge cycle followed by chromothripsis-like rearrangements had been induced. Our LOH assay provides a tool for precise breeding via targeted crossover detection. It also uncovers CRISPR-mediated chromothripsis-like events in plants.
Incidence of and risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome in patients with rheumatologic diseases
Authors: Kim Young-Eun , Ahn Soo Min , Oh Ji Seon , Hong Seokchan , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Kim Yong-Gil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients with rheumatologic disease.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were diagnosed with rheumatologic diseases at a tertiary care hospital between May 2009 and July 2022 and identified the patients who were subsequently diagnosed with MDS. Each patient with MDS was matched with five age- and sex-matched controls chosen from the cohort of patients with each specific rheumatologic disease.

Results
During a total follow-up of 55 841 person-years (PY), MDS occurred in 64 patients, yielding an incidence rate of 1.15/1000 PY {median age 57.0 years [interquartile range (IQR) 41.0–69.0], median duration to MDS diagnosis 6.5 years (IQR 3.0–9.0)]. In an age-matched analysis, SLE was a significant risk factor for MDS [adjusted hazard ratio 2.61 (CI 1.19, 36.06), P = 0.01]. Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia was the most common phenotype of MDS (35.9%), and more than half of the patients had karyotypes with a favourable prognosis (54.7%). Compared with matched controls, RA, SLE and AS patients with MDS had lower levels of haemoglobin at the time of diagnosis of rheumatologic disease. Furthermore, the MDS patients with SLE and Behçet’s disease had higher levels of glucocorticoid use in terms of frequency of use and mean dose than control patients.

Conclusion
SLE is a significant risk factor for MDS among patients with rheumatologic diseases. A lower haemoglobin level at the time of diagnosis of rheumatologic disease was associated with the future development of MDS.
Periplasmic stress contributes to a trade-off between protein secretion and cell growth in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
Authors: Emani Sivaram Subaya , Kan Anton , Storms Timothy , Bonanno Shanna , Law Jade , Ray Sanhita , Joshi Neel S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Maximizing protein secretion is an important target in the design of engineered living systems. In this paper, we characterize a trade-off between cell growth and per-cell protein secretion in the curli biofilm secretion system of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Initial characterization using 24-h continuous growth and protein production monitoring confirms decreased growth rates at high induction, leading to a local maximum in total protein production at intermediate induction. Propidium iodide (PI) staining at the endpoint indicates that cellular death is a dominant cause of growth reduction. Assaying variants with combinatorial constructs of inner and outer membrane secretion tags, we find that diminished growth at high production is specific to secretory variants associated with periplasmic stress mediated by outer membrane secretion and periplasmic accumulation of protein containing the outer membrane transport tag. RNA sequencing experiments indicate upregulation of known periplasmic stress response genes in the highly secreting variant, further implicating periplasmic stress in the growth–secretion trade-off. Overall, these results motivate additional strategies for optimizing total protein production and longevity of secretory engineered living systems
Graphical Abstract
Original Research: Exploring Frontline Nurses' Self-Perceived Levels of QI Engagement and QI Competence
Authors: Tschannen Dana , Alexander Catherine , Bidisha Ghosh , Zellefrow Cindy , Milner Kerry A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Nurse engagement in quality improvement (QI) is critical in the delivery of safe high-quality care, yet few studies have evaluated frontline nurses in this area. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare levels of self-reported QI engagement and QI competence among frontline nurses and nurse leaders.

Methods:
This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. A convenience sample of frontline nurses (bedside RNs and advanced practice nurses) and nurse leaders from acute and ambulatory care sites completed the Nursing Quality Improvement in Practice (NQuIP) tool, which measures engagement and competence (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) in QI.

Results:
Data from 6,351 surveys completed by frontline nurses and nurse leaders representing 66 sites nationwide were analyzed. Only 52.5% of all respondents reported participating in QI. Knowledge scores were relatively high, while skills scores—especially those related to using QI tools—were low. Overall attitudes toward QI were positive. Nurse leaders scored significantly higher in engagement and competence than the frontline nurses they supervise.

Conclusions:
The study findings indicate that nurse engagement in QI is limited. Although nurses' knowledge levels appear to be high, their limited competency in QI-related skills may contribute to low QI engagement. Leaders must make efforts to increase nurse engagement in order to attain high-quality outcomes. Using the NQuIP tool will allow leaders to evaluate nurses' self-perceived QI competence and engagement, which will aid in identifying target areas and developing effective strategies for improvement.
Screening Out False Participants in Research Recruitment from Social Media Groups
Authors: Peach Brian C. , Sole Mary Lou , Diaz Sanyerys , Nunez Maireni 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT:
Social media–based groups offer a rich opportunity for nurse researchers to connect with potential study participants. However, as the authors discovered from recruitment of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors in social media–based survivorship groups, there is a risk of enrollment of both false and duplicate participants. Nurse researchers should adopt best practices to screen out false participants and prevent duplicate participation. Lessons learned from recruitment in social media groups include avoiding the use of survey links, requiring video interviews or home visits for confirmation of identity, adoption of strategic screening questions, and avoidance of international groups (unless the aim is to recruit foreign nationals). Adoption of these practices can help to ensure that the data collected from group patrons are trustworthy. Nurses who read research and adopt findings into practice should critically examine if researchers implemented strategies to screen out false and duplicate participants to protect data integrity.
First line treatments in primary central nervous system lymphomas in young patients
Authors: Schenone Laurence , Alcantara Marion , Houillier Caroline , Soussain Carole 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to provide an update on current first-line treatments as well as on-going studies in immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphomas.

Recent findings
High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based polychemotherapy is widely used in induction treatment (IT). Among HD-MTX-based regimens, the best association is not yet defined. IT should be followed by a consolidation or a maintenance according to patient's age and performance status. Thiotepa-based intensive chemotherapy (IC) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has improved survival in eligible patients compared to a nonmyeloablative consolidation. Because of the high risk of neurotoxicity, conventional whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT; 36–40 Gy) has been abandoned. Reduced-WBRT (23.4 Gy) is an alternative option in patients under 60 years-old in complete response after IT. Its safety remains to be demonstrated in elderly patients. The benefit of maintenance strategies to reduce the risk of relapse is being assessed in several studies in patients beyond 70 years-old.

Summary
HD-MTX-based polychemotherapy remains the corner stone of the IT, but the best regimen is not yet defined. Clinical trials assessing new IT regimens are ongoing. Intensive consolidation with IC + ASCT benefits patients up to 70 years-old. Predictive factors are under investigation to better define therapeutic response and guide treatment adjustment.
Neither Antiplatelet nor Anticoagulant Therapy Increases Graft Failure after Split-thickness Skin Grafting
Authors: Walters Elliot T. , Kim Kevin G. , Dekker Paige K. , Stimac Gregory P. , Mehra Shyamin , Elmarsafi Tammer , Steinberg John S. , Attinger Christopher E. , Kim Paul J. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) are an effective modality for lower extremity wound coverage. Many patients in the highly comorbid chronic wound population present with cardiovascular disease requiring chronic antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, theoretically increasing risk for bleeding complications, donor site morbidity, and poor graft take. Some surgeons advocate temporary cessation of antithrombotic therapy, which may increase cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of anticoagulation use on STSG outcomes.

Methods:
All patients receiving STSGs for lower extremity wounds from 2014 to 2016 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Successful grafts were defined as greater than 99.5% wound coverage. Patients were divided into two groups: anticoagulation/antiplatelet or no anticoagulation/antiplatelet. Continuous variables were described by means and SDs and analyzed using student’s t-test. Categorical variables were described by frequencies and percentages and analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher exact tests as appropriate.

Results:
In total, 231 wounds were identified among 189 patients; 124 patients were receiving at least one antiplatelet/anticoagulant at time of grafting. Three hematomas were reported during 30 days of follow-up; there was no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). Anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy in the perioperative period had no significant impact on STSG take and overall healing.

Conclusions:
The findings from this study demonstrate that administration of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents in the perioperative period does not increase the risk of skin graft failure. Based on these findings, STSG can be performed without cessation of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy.
K-wire Fixation of Closed Hand Fractures Outside the Main Operating Room Does Not Increase Infections
Authors: Gillis Joshua A. , Lalonde Jan , Alagar David ,   Canadian K-wire Consortium, Azzi Alain , Lalonde Donald H. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) of closed hand fractures in the main operating room (OR) is much more expensive than outside of the OR. However, there is a reluctance to fix fractures out of the OR due to the perceived increase in infections. Our goal was to prospectively analyze the infection rates of performing CRIF of closed metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in these two settings.

Methods:
A multicenter prospective analysis of patients undergoing CRIF of metacarpal or phalangeal fractures inside or outside the OR was performed. Demographic data, injury characteristics, surgery information and postoperative infectious complications were recorded, including cellulitis, frank pus, and osteomyelitis.

Results:
The study involved 1042 patients with a total of 2265 Kirschner-wires (K-wires). Infection rates were not statistically higher in the 719 patients who had CRIF outside of the OR (cellulitis 2.5%, frank pus 1.4%) compared with the 323 patients with CRIF in the OR group (cellulitis 3.4%, frank pus 2.5%). The OR group had a longer time to operation and a longer procedure time, but a shorter time with the K-wires in place.

Conclusion:
K-wire fixation of closed hand fractures outside of the OR under field sterility is safe because it does not increase infectious complications compared to CRIF in the main OR under full sterility.
Effectiveness of the Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap in Treating Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Rabah Sari M. , Alkahtani Fahad Saeed , Jarman Abdulaziz , Aljohar Latifa , Alhargan Alanood , Almalaq Ali Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a condition characterized by failure of the posterior part of the soft palate to reach the pharyngeal wall and separate the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during speech and swallowing. VPI may persist following cleft palate repair. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of the superiorly based pharyngeal flap to treat VPI post cleft palate repair.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study included patients with VPI post cleft palate repair who underwent secondary speech surgery. The criteria were based on clinical symptoms, physical examination, nasometry, and videofluoroscopy/nasoendoscopy findings. Data were analyzed by using SPSS program, version 22.0. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Thirty-five patients were identified. VPI was reduced to 14.3% postoperatively. Before the surgery 25.7% of the patients had severe hypernasality, 68.6% had moderate hypernasality, and 5.7% had mild hypernasality. After the surgery, only 8.6% of the patients still had severe hypernasality, 22.9% had moderate hypernasality, 57.1% had mild hypernasality, and hypernasality became absent in 11.4%. Articulation disorders were present in 91.4% of patients before surgery, and decreased to 71.4% postoperatively. Speech intelligibility improved postoperatively in comparison with preoperative findings.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that the superiorly based pharyngeal flap was successful in treating VPI that persisted post cleft palate repair.
Outcomes of Biosynthetic and Synthetic Mesh in Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Sivaraj Dharshan , Fischer Katharina S. , Kim Trudy S. , Chen Kellen , Tigchelaar Seth S. , Trotsyuk Artem A. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Lee Gordon K. , Henn Dominic , Nazerali Rahim S. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The introduction of mesh for reinforcement of ventral hernia repair (VHR) led to a significant reduction in hernia recurrence rates. However, it remains controversial whether synthetic or biologic mesh leads to superior outcomes. Recently, hybrid mesh consisting of reinforced biosynthetic ovine rumen (RBOR) has been developed and aims to combine the advantages of biologic and synthetic mesh; however, outcomes after VHR with RBOR have not yet been compared with the standard of care.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis on 109 patients, who underwent VHR with RBOR (n = 50) or synthetic polypropylene mesh (n = 59). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, postoperative complications, and recurrence rates were analyzed and compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to assess associations of mesh type with overall complications and surgical site occurrence (SSO).

Results:
Patients who underwent VHR with RBOR were older (mean age 63.7 versus 58.8 years, P = 0.02) and had a higher rate of renal disease (28.0 versus 10.2%, P = 0.01) compared with patients with synthetic mesh. Despite an unfavorable risk profile, patients with RBOR had lower rates of SSO (16.0 versus 30.5%, P = 0.12) and similar hernia recurrence rates (4.0 versus 6.78%, P = 0.68) compared with patients with synthetic mesh. The use of synthetic mesh was significantly associated with higher odds for overall complications (3.78, P < 0.05) and SSO (3.87, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Compared with synthetic polypropylene mesh, the use of RBOR for VHR mitigates SSO while maintaining low hernia recurrence rates at 30-month follow-up.
Assessment of laparoscopic intracorporeal intestinal anastomosis training using simulation-based 3D printed models: exploring surgical performance and learning curves
Authors: Xia Jianfu , Wu Junjie , Chen Hao , Mao Jinlei , Xu Xiaodong , Zhang Jing , Yang Jin , Wang Zhifei 
Published: July 2023

Background & Aims:
Intestinal anastomosis is a clinical procedure widely used to reconstruct the digestive tract, but authentic laparoscopic intracorporeal intestinal anastomosis（LIIA） models are lacking. However, three-dimensional (3D) printing can enable authentic and reusable models. In this paper, a novel cost-effective 3D-printing training model of LIIA is designed and the authenticity and validity of the model are tested.

Methods:
An FDM 3D printing and assembled lab model were built to test LIIA. Fifteen surgeons were required to perform LIIA, and their operation score and time were recorded and analyzed. Five experts were invited to assess the face and content validity of the models. A study was also performed to further evaluate and validate the learning curve of surgeons.

Results:
The difference in Modified anastomosis objective structured assessment of technical skills (MAOSATS) scores between the expert, intermediate and novice groups were significant (64.1±1.8: 48.5±1.7: 29.5±3.1, P < 0.001). In addition, the operation time of the procedure was statistically different for all three groups (21.5±1.9: 30.6±2.8:70.7±4.0, P < 0.001). The five experts rated the face and content validity of the model very highly, with the median being four out of five. Surgeons who underwent repeated training program showed improved surgical performance. After eight training, the novices’ performance was similar to that of the average level of untrained intermediates, while the operation scores of the intermediates were close to that of the average level of experts.

Conclusions:
In this study, it is found that the LIIA model exhibits excellent face, content and construct validity, repeated simulation training of the LIIA training program improved the surgeon’s operative performance, so the model is considered one of the effective methods for LIIA training and assessment of surgical quality in the future and for reducing healthcare costs.