bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Management of Suspected Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Adolescents with a Rapid Diagnostic Test
Authors: Frost Holly M. , Wilson Michael L. , Roosevelt Genie E. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction.
We aimed to determined the impact of an intervention using rapid chlamydia (CT)/gonorrhea (GC) testing on reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, undertreatment of CT and/or GC, and length of stay (LOS) in an urban safety-net pediatric emergency department.

Methods.
Before 2020, we tested for CT/GC using a batched nucleic acid amplification test, with results available the following day. Starting in January 2020, we implemented rapid nucleic acid amplification test. Our primary outcome variables were undertreatment and overtreatment. We defined undertreatment as GC and/or CT-positive patients who did not receive appropriate treatment. We defined overtreatment as GC or CT-negative patients who received antibiotics. The balancing measure was the LOS.

Results.
There were 758 patients evaluated in the preimplementation period (2019), 612 in the implementation period (2020), and 626 in the postimplementation period (2021). Postimplementation, overtreatment decreased from 18.4% to 8.1%. Undertreatment did not differ by period but was less common among those tested with rapid versus standard testing (12.7% versus 9.9%, P = 0.05). Median LOS increased from 166 minutes (preimplementation) to 187 minutes (implementation) and 202 minutes (postimplementation; P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
Rapid CT/GC testing reduced unnecessary antibiotic use but increased LOS due to patients waiting for the test results before being discharged. Given the rapid increases in CT/GC rates and antimicrobial resistance, health systems should consider implementing rapid testing to appropriately direct antimicrobials to patients most likely to benefit.
Making the Case for Virtual Surgical Planning: Bilateral Sequential Fibula Flaps with Immediate Dental Implants for Maxillectomy
Authors: Taylor Erin M. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Morrison Edwin , Janssen Pierce L. , Kronstadt Kenneth L. , Randazzo Joseph , Rosen Evan B. , Cordeiro Peter G , Shahzad Farooq , Ganly Ian , Matros Evan 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARY:
Oncologic maxillectomy defects requiring bony reconstruction are amongst the most challenging of head and neck cases due to complex 3-D geometry of the midface. 1-5 Virtual surgical planning (VSP) technology is advantageous in these cases because it provides superior positional precision and accuracy compared to traditional techniques, and facilitates prosthodontic rehabilitation. 6,7 Maxillary cancer recurrence after an initial fibula flap reconstruction presents a unique challenge. The authors report the first two cases of sequential fibula flaps following second or recurrent cancer of the maxilla. VSP facilitated resection with adequate tumor margins, optimized anatomical positioning of the fibula construct with 3-D printed plates, and enabled immediate functional dental implant placement.
The Ratings Game: Demographic and Practice Factors Affecting Yelp © Ratings of Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Mark Erica J. , Driskill Elizabeth K. , Fisher Caroline T. , Swinehart Sarah V. , Bradford Perry S. , Jones Marieke , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Review platforms such as Yelp © are increasingly utilized by patients establishing care and may contain substantial information regarding patient preferences and potential biases. Our aims were to (1) analyze patient satisfaction through identifying factors associated with positive and negative patient reviews for plastic surgery providers across the United States, and (2) investigate the association between overall rating and different physician and practice factors based on gender and race.

Methods:
Reviews of Plastic Surgery provider practices from cities across seven different regions within the United States were obtained from Yelp ©. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Chi-square tests were used to determine if race or gender was associated with overall rating (out of 5 stars) and qualitative themes.

Results:
5,210 reviews met inclusion criteria. 80.3% received a 5-star rating and 13.5% received a 1-star rating. Positive Yelp © reviews and higher ratings were associated with positive comments regarding: surgical and injectable outcomes, physical exam, communication, competency/knowledge base, temperament, scheduling, and staff interactions. When the following factors were mentioned negatively, the practice was more likely to receive a lower rating: temperament, communication, cost consciousness, surgical and injectable outcomes, physical exam, billing/insurance, scheduling, interactions with staff, and wait times. No association was identified in terms of overall physician rating based on gender or race however there were differences noted in distribution of positive and negative themes.

Conclusions:
Patient reviews on Yelp © indicate that several physician and practice factors influence patient satisfaction. The themes reported in this study may be used by plastic surgery providers to identify areas for practice improvement in order to enhance the overall patient experience.
Longitudinal characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles and small RNA during simian immunodeficiency virus infection and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Huang Yiyao , Liao Zhaohao , Dang Phuong , Queen Suzanne , Abreu Celina Monteiro , Gololobova Olesia , Zheng Lei , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Latent infection by HIV hinders viral eradication despite effective antiretroviral treatment (ART). Among proposed contributors to viral latency are cellular small RNAs that have also been proposed to shuttle between cells in extracellular vesicles. Thus, we profiled extracellular vesicle small RNAs during different infection phases to understand the potential relationship between these extracellular vesicle associated small RNAs and viral infection.

Design:
A well characterized simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model of HIV was used to profile extracellular vesicle enriched blood plasma fractions harvested during preinfection, acute infection, latent infection/ART treatment, and rebound after ART interruption.

Methods:
Measurement of extracellular vesicle concentration, size distribution, and morphology was complemented with qPCR array for small RNA expression, followed by individual qPCR validations. Iodixanol density gradients were used to separate extracellular vesicle subtypes and virions.

Results:
Plasma extracellular vesicle particle counts correlated with viral load and peaked during acute infection. However, SIV gag RNA detection showed that virions did not fully explain this peak. Extracellular vesicle microRNAs miR-181a, miR-342–3p, and miR-29a decreased with SIV infection and remained downregulated in latency. Interestingly, small nuclear RNA U6 had a tight association with viral load peak.

Conclusion:
This study is the first to monitor how extracellular vesicle concentration and extracellular vesicle small RNA expression change dynamically in acute viral infection, latency, and rebound in a carefully controlled animal model. These changes may also reveal regulatory roles in retroviral infection and latency.
Lower T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern after mRNA vaccine and risk of breakthrough infections in people with HIV
Authors: Casado José L. , Vizcarra Pilar , Martín-Colmenarejo Sara , del Pino Judith , Gomez-Maldonado Sandra , Martín-Hondarza Adrían , Vallejo Alejandro 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
We evaluated T-cell immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) after vaccination in people with HIV (PWH), and their impact on the incidence of disease.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected a median of 53 days after second dose of mRNA vaccine. Humoral response and T cell responses against the spike (S) glycoprotein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral Wuhan variant) and mutated S-protein regions found in the Delta and Omicron variants were assessed by flow cytometry analysis.

Results:
In 142 PWH without preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, bivariate correlations showed a close association between T-cell responses to the different variants. However, despite at least 70% of PWH having a cellular immune response to any variant, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against VOC were lower in frequency and magnitude (-3% and -20% for Delta, -33% and -28% for Omicron variant) compared with that observed against the Wuhan strain. A higher magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses against all the variants was observed in those PWH with greater immune reconstitution. Notably, 27 symptomatic breakthrough infections (19%) in the setting of Delta and Omicron transmission were observed during follow-up, associated with a significant lower humoral and T-cell response to ancestral strain and VOC. On the contrary, only one PWH with COVID-19 (4%) required hospitalization.

Conclusion:
A blunted T-cell response against Delta and Omicron variant is observed in PWH who received two doses of mRNA vaccine. This lower immune response is associated with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Role of myeloid cells in system-level immunometabolic dysregulation during prolonged successful HIV-1 treatment
Authors: Svensson Akusjärvi Sara , Krishnan Shuba , Ambikan Anoop T. , Mikaeloff Flora , Munusamy Ponnan Sivasankaran , Vesterbacka Jan , Lourda Magda , Nowak Piotr , Sönnerborg Anders , Neogi Ujjwal 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
Why people with HIV-1 on ART (PWHART) display convoluted metabolism and immune cell functions during prolonged suppressive therapy is not well evaluated. In this study, we aimed to address this question using multiomics methodologies to investigate immunological and metabolic differences between PWHART and HIV-1 negative individuals (HC).

Design:
Cross-sectional study

Methods:
Untargeted and targeted metabolomics was performed using gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and targeted proteomics using Olink inflammation panel on plasma samples. The cellular metabolic state was further investigated using flow cytometry and intracellular metabolic measurement in single-cell populations isolated by EasySep cell isolation. Finally, flow cytometry was performed for deep-immunophenotyping of mononuclear phagocytes.

Results:
We detected increased levels of glutamate, lactate, and pyruvate by plasma metabolomics and increased inflammatory markers (e.g. CCL20 and CCL7) in PWHART compared to HC. The metabolite transporter detection by flow cytometry in T cells and monocytes indicated an increased expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) in PWHART. Single cell-type metabolite measurement identified decreased glucose, glutamate, and lactate in monocytic cell populations in PWHART. Deep-immunophenotyping of myeloid cell lineages subpopulations showed no difference in cell frequency, but expression levels of CCR5 were increased on classical monocytes and some dendritic cells.

Conclusions:
Our data thus suggest that the myeloid cell populations potentially contribute significantly to the modulated metabolic environment during suppressive HIV-1 infection.
Are We Correctly Measuring Mandibular Stability After Surgery-First Approach? A Comparative Study Based on Novel 3-Dimensional Measurements
Authors: Mansour Nabil Mokhter , Abdelshaheed Mohamed Elsaid , El-Sabbagh Ahmed Hassan , El-Din Ahmed Mohamed Bahaa , Kim Young Chul , Choi Jong-Woo 
Published: February 2023

Using traditional measures to assess mandibular stability after the surgery-first approach (SFA) may produce inaccurate results because unlike the conventional orthodontic-first approach (OFA), the main dental movements occur after surgery in SFA, which produce unavoidable mandibular movements, especially in cases with postsurgical premature dental contact. As these movements are part of the surgical-orthodontic plan, they should not be considered an actual relapse. In this study, to avoid postsurgical dental movement effects, the authors used the relationship between proximal and distal mandibular segments to evaluate stability after SFA. Four easily located points on computerized tomography/cone-beam computerized tomography reconstructed 3-dimensional images were used to calculate 4 measurements between proximal and distal mandibular segments across the osteotomy line in two matched groups of patients (SFA and OFA) at 3 different time points (before, immediately after, and 1 year after the surgery). A high level of skeletal stability was found in the SFA group, with changes 1 year after surgery not exceeding 0.5 mm. The SFA was as skeletally stable as OFA, and the mandibular counterclockwise rotation after surgery was related to the planned dental movements and not the instability of the surgery itself. To avoid the illusion of this preplanned relapse, stability should be measured as a relation between proximal and distal mandibular segments, across the osteotomy and fixation line, and not as a relation between maxillary and mandibular landmarks or between the mandible and facial planes as classically described.
Buckling of lipidic ultrasound contrast agents under quasi-static load
Authors: Chabouh Georges , van Elburg Benjamin , Versluis Michel , Segers Tim , Quilliet Catherine , Coupier Gwennou 
Published: February 2023

Collapse of lipidic ultrasound contrast agents under high-frequency compressive load has been historically interpreted by the vanishing of surface tension. By contrast, buckling of elastic shells is known to occur when costly compressible stress is released through bending. Through quasi-static compression experiments on lipidic shells, we analyse the buckling events in the framework of classical elastic buckling theory and deduce the mechanical characteristics of these shells. They are then compared with that obtained through acoustic characterization.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells’.
Asymptotic derivation of a higher-order one-dimensional model for tape springs
Authors: Kumar Arun , Audoly Basile , Lestringant Claire 
Published: February 2023

We derive a one-dimensional model for tape springs. The derivation starts from nonlinear thin-shell theory and uses a dimension reduction technique that combines a centreline-based parametrization of the tape-spring midsurface with the assumption that the strain varies slowly along the length of the tape spring. The one-dimensional model is effectively a higher-order rod model: at leading order, the strain energy depends on the extensional, bending and twisting strains and is consistent with classical results from the literature; the two following orders are novel and capture the dependence of the strain energy on the strain gradients. The cross-sectional displacements are solved as part of the dimension reduction process, making the one-dimensional model asymptotically exact. We expect that the model will accurately and efficiently capture the deformations and instabilities in tape springs, including those involving highly localized deformations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells’.
High occupancy of European leaf-toed geckoEuleptes europaeain two island stands ofEucalyptus sp.: tree selection, co-occurrence and habitat effect
Authors: Deso Grégory , Priol Pauline , Reynier Thierry , Renet Julien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effective conservation of a species requires a thorough knowledge of its ecology. Long considered to live exclusively in rocky habitats, the European leaf-toed gecko (Euleptes europaea)has in fact been observed in vegetated and wooded habitats at several locations throughout its range. The tendency of this species to use these habitats seems to be clearly supported by its prehensile tail characteristic of geckos with arboreal behaviour. To better assess tree occupation byE. europaeaand other co-occurring geckos, a site-occupancy survey was conducted in 2022 on the testing site of DGA (French MoD the Procurement Agency) of Levant Island (Hyères, France). Two stands ofEucalyptus sp. containing 68 trees were selected to monitor. One stand lies in an anthropised context, consisting of scattered woodland and clear ground (stand 1), and the other represents a ‘natural’ forest context with dense ground vegetation (stand 2). The results revealed high occupancy byE. europaeain both stands, with an average occupancy probability of 0.57 (CI 0.40–0.72). The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) and Moorish gecko (Tarentola mauritanica) had an average occupancy probability of 0.28 (CI 0.16–0.44) and 0.07 (CI 0.03–0.16) respectively. In stand 2,E. europaeawas the only gecko species found, suggesting that it is better adapted to this type of forest habitat, which may represent a refuge for this species. In view of these results, the ecology of this species should be reconsidered and the research broadened by systematically including vegetated and forest habitats.
Epidemiological drivers of transmissibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 in England
Authors: Perez-Guzman Pablo N , Knock Edward , Imai Natsuko , Rawson Thomas , Elmaci Yasin , Alcada Joana , Whittles Lilith K , Kanapram Divya Thekke , Sonabend Raphael , Gaythorpe Katy AM , Hinsley Wes , FitzJohn Richard G , Volz Erik , Verity Robert , Ferguson Neil M , Cori Anne , Baguelin Marc 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progressed, distinct variants emerged and dominated in England. These variants, Wildtype, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron were characterized by variations in transmissibility and severity. We used a robust mathematical model and Bayesian inference framework to analyse epidemiological surveillance data from England. We quantified the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), therapeutics, and vaccination on virus transmission and severity. Each successive variant had a higher intrinsic transmissibility. Omicron (BA.1) had the highest basic reproduction number at 8.3 (95% credible interval (CrI) 7.7-8.8). Varying levels of NPIs were crucial in controlling virus transmission until population immunity accumulated. Immune escape properties of Omicron decreased effective levels of immunity in the population by a third. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies, we found Alpha had the highest basic infection fatality ratio (2.9%, 95% CrI 2.7-3.2), followed by Delta (2.2%, 95% CrI 2.0-2.4), Wildtype (1.2%, 95% CrI 1.1-1.2), and Omicron (0.7%, 95% CrI 0.6-0.8). Our findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance. Long-term strategies for monitoring and maintaining effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 are critical to inform the role of NPIs to effectively manage future variants with potentially higher intrinsic transmissibility and severe outcomes.
Relative effectiveness of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines and homologous boosting in preventing COVID-19 in adults in the US
Authors: Nguyen Van Hung , Boileau Catherine , Bogdanov Alina , Sredl Meg , Bonafede Mac , Ducruet Thierry , Chavers Scott , Rosen Andrew , Martin David , Buck Philip , Esposito Diana , Van de Velde Nicolas , Mansi James A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew head-to-head comparisons have been performed on the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines. We evaluated the relative effectiveness (rVE) of a primary series of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S and a homologous mRNA booster against medically-attended, outpatient, and hospitalized COVID-19.MethodsA dataset linking primary care electronic medical records with medical claims data was used for this retrospective cohort study of US patients ≥18 years vaccinated with a primary series between February and October 2021 (Part 1) and a homologous mRNA booster between October 2021 and January 2022 (Part 2). Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were derived from 1:1 matching adjusted across potential covariates. rVE was (1-HRadjusted) x 100. Additional analysis was performed across regions and age groups.ResultsFollowing adjustment, Part 1 rVE for mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 was 23% (95% CI: 22%–25%), 23% (22%–25%), and 19% (14%–24%) whilst the rVE for mRNA-1273 versus Ad26.COV2.S was 50% (48%–51%), 50% (48%–52%), and 57% (53%–61%) against any medically-attended, outpatient, and hospitalized COVID-19, respectively. The adjusted rVE in Part 2 for mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 was 14% (10%–18%), 13% (8%– 17%), and 19% (1%–34%) against any medically-attended, outpatient, and hospitalized COVID-19, respectively. rVE against medically-attended COVID-19 was higher in adults ≥65 years (35%; 24%–47%) than those 18–64 years (13%; 9%–17%) after the booster.ConclusionsIn this study, mRNA-1273 was more effective than BNT162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S following primary series during a Delta-dominant period, and than BNT162b2 as a booster during an Omicron-dominant period.Key pointsmRNA-1273 was associated with a lower risk than BNT162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S of any medically-attended, outpatient, or hospitalized COVID-19 after primary series and of any medically-attended, outpatient, or hospitalized COVID-19 vs BNT162b2 after a homologous mRNA booster
Androgen Signaling Restricts Glutaminolysis to Drive Sex-Specific Th17 Metabolism
Authors: Chowdhury Nowrin U , Cephus Jacqueline-Yvonne , Madden Matthew Z , Wolf Melissa M , Chi Channing , Sugiura Ayaka , Stier Matthew T , Voss Kelsey , Ye Xiang , Kuehnle Shelby N , Scales Kennedi , Gandhi Vivek D , Guzy Robert D. , Cahill Katherine N , Sperling Anne I , Peebles R. Stokes , Rathmell Jeffrey C , Newcomb Dawn C 
Published: February 2023

SummaryFemales have increased prevalence of many Th17-mediated diseases. While androgen signaling decreases Th17-mediated inflammation, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Th17 cells rely on glutaminolysis; however, it remains unclear whether androgen receptor (AR) signaling in males modifies glutamine metabolism to suppress Th17-mediated inflammation. We show that Th17 cells from male humans and mice had decreased glutaminolysis compared to females, and AR signaling attenuated Th17 cell mitochondrial respiration and glutaminolysis.Using allergen-induced airway inflammation models, we determined females, but not males, had a critical reliance upon glutaminolysis for Th17-mediated airway inflammation, and AR signaling attenuated glutamine uptake by reducing expression of glutamine transporters. These findings were confirmed in circulating human Th17 cells with minimal reliance on glutamine uptake in male compared to female Th17 cells. We found that AR signaling attenuates glutaminolysis, demonstrating sex-specific metabolic regulation of Th17 cells with implications for design and implementation of Th17 or glutaminolysis targeted therapeutics.HighlightsHuman male CD4+ T cells have decreased expression of metabolic enzymes and decreased reliance on glutaminolysis compared to female CD4+ T cells.Androgen signaling decreased mitochondrial metabolism in Th17 cells and decreased airway inflammation.Androgen signaling decreased glutamine uptake and utilization in Th17 cells.