bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen addition affects floral and vegetative traits, reproduction, and pollinator performance in Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Gao Rui , Hu Baoshuang , Yuan Yibin , He Mengying , Wang Ruolan , Lou Yuanxin , Mu Junpeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
It has been demonstrated that nitrogen (N) addition alters flower morphology, floral rewards and pollinator performance. However, little is known about the effects of N addition on plant reproduction, including fruit set and seed set during selfing and outcrossing, floral and vegetative traits, and pollinator performance. We hypothesized that N addition would influence fruit set, seed set in selfed and outcrossed flowers, the relationship between vegetative and flower traits, and pollinator performance.

Methods
A 2-year pot experiment was conducted in which Capsicum annuum was exposed to three levels of relatively short-term N supply, i.e. 0 g m–2 (no N addition, as a control), 4 g m–2 (4N) and 16 g m–2 (16N), which are equivalent to about 0-, 1- and 4-fold of the peak local N deposition. We measured flower rewards, flower morphology, flowering phenology, as well as pollinator visitation rate, fruit set and seed set by self- and outcross-fertilization of C. annuum.

Results
The four levels of N addition increased plant biomass, biomass allocation to flowers, flower size, stigma–anther separation, nectar production and pollen production, resulting in an increase in pollinator visitation and fruit set. Nevertheless, the control and 16 levels of N addition reduced plant biomass, biomass allocation to flowers, flower size and stigma–anther separation, and nectar and pollen production, and consequently decreased pollinator visitation and fruit set. Exclusion of pollinators and hand-pollination experiments revealed that low levels of N addition were associated with high seed set in outcrossed flowers; however, this trend was reversed in flowers grown in the control and 16N treatments.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that an optimal level of 4N can enhance the correlation between flower traits, pollinator performance and plant reproduction. Our findings cast new light on the underlying mechanisms of plant–pollinator interactions and plant adaptation to nitrogen deposition.
Environmental stress responses and adaptive evolution in the alpine ground beetle Nebria vandykei
Authors: Schoville Sean D , Farrand Zachery , Kavanaugh David H , Veire Benton , Weng Yi-Ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The oscillating glacial–interglacial climate has had well-characterized effects on alpine species, driving rapid distributional and demographic shifts that have led to lineage diversification. It is unclear whether adaptive evolution has occurred during these rapid demographic changes, because strong genetic drift can overcome the force of selection. Here, using the alpine ground beetle Nebria vandykei, we test for evidence of adaptive evolution. Initially, we explore the genetic pathways induced during environmental stress responses through RNA sequencing, showing that cold, heat and desiccation stress activate a largely non-overlapping set of molecular pathways. Using additional transcriptome sequencing, we estimate the evolutionary relationship of N. vandykei to related species in the subgenus Catonebria and several outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that a history of admixture or very rapid diversification underlies the evolution of N. vandykei. Finally, using tests for selection polarized by high- and low-elevation relatives, we demonstrate selection acting on stress response pathways and on pathways known to function in tolerance to cold and hypoxic environments. These results support the role of environmental adaptation in alpine species despite rapid demographic change, while demonstrating that admixture might play a key role in facilitating adaptive diversification of alpine species.
Critical Narratives Or Crime Stories? The Ethics And Politics Of Narrative Research In Criminology
Authors: Bunn Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Amid growing criminological interest in narrative, there is hope that the mainstreaming of ‘narrative criminology’ will yield a more critical disposition within the discipline. This article contends that critical practice does not simply entail attending to issues of harm, power and resistance or researcher reflexivity, but grappling with the complex ethics and politics of our research practices. Focusing on the field of ‘narrative criminology’, this article explores issues of voyeurism, empathy, listening and bearing witness and poses some questions to guide ethical narrative practice within criminology. It calls for criminologists to consider how we may use narrative more responsibly within our discipline.
Determination of 11 Kinds of Hair Dyes in Hair-Dyeing Products by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gu Yu-Xiang , Chen Li-Song , Nie Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Eleven kinds of hair dyes were determined in hair-dyeing products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The samples were extracted with ultrasound in methanol for 20 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted with 10% methanol/90% water (v/v). Then, the solution was analyzed by Shim-pack Scepter C18–120 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) plus electrospray ionization–MS/MS. Matrix-matched standard solutions were used to analyze the samples. The limits of detection were from 0.15 to 10 mg/kg, the limits of quantification were from 0.5 to 40 mg/kg and the recovery was from 79.4 to 109.2%. The protocol was selective and accurate and was satisfyingly applied to analyze hair dyes in different kinds of commercial products. 1-Hydroxyethyl-4,5-diaminopyrazole sulfate, hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol, 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol and 2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol were detected in 10 samples with the concentrations between limits of detection and quantification to 9.27 × 104 mg/kg.
Changes in Life-Space Mobility With Loss of Relatives and Friends Among Older Adults: Results From the UAB Study of Aging
Authors: Driggers Amelia , Kennedy Richard E , Williams Beverly Rosa , Brown Cynthia J , Buys David R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Increasing age brings a greater risk of death of friends and family (hereafter referred to as loss) potentially impacting individuals’ life-space mobility (LSM) trajectory.

Research Design and Methods
Using the UAB study of aging, we examined differences in LSM trajectories of 1,000 community-dwelling older Alabamians (65 + years) with and without loss over 8.5 years. We measured LSM using UAB’s Life-Space Assessment (LSA), a validated instrument assessing movement through zones ranging from their bedroom to out of town. We assessed loss every 6 months using a standard bereavement questionnaire capturing spousal, other relative, or friend loss. We used piecewise linear mixed-effects models to compare LSA trajectories.

Results
At baseline, those who later experienced loss, compared with those who did not were younger, more likely to be female, and overall in better health. Those without loss had a baseline mean LSA score of 49.5 and a decline of 0.08 points per year (p &lt; .001). Those with loss had a baseline LSA score of 60 and declined by 1.0 point per year before loss (p &lt; .001), accelerating to 1.8 points per year after loss (p &lt; .001).

Discussion and Implications
Those with loss do not experience acute decline postloss but do have an acceleration of the preexisting decline. Although additional research may explain the impact of loss on LSM; this finding suggests that more interventions such as social, mental, or health care services, may be needed for those who experience loss. Specifically, bereaved individuals may benefit from it.
Validation of an analytical method for quantitation of metonitazene and isotonitazene in plasma, blood, urine, liver and brain and application to authentic postmortem casework in New York City
Authors: Pardi Justine , Ford Sue , Cooper Gail 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Starting in 2019, an emerging class of novel opioids causing public health concern was benzimidazole opioids, also known as “nitazenes.” Two nitazenes, isotonitazene and metonitazene, were detected in postmortem samples received at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. A protein precipitation extraction procedure was developed and validated for metonitazene and isotonitazene using 50 μL of blood, serum, liver, brain and urine utilizing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of detection for both analytes was 0.10 ng/mL in plasma, blood and brain and 1.0 ng/mL for urine and liver. The developed method was applied to authentic casework in which isotonitazene was detected in 10 cases between 2021 and 2022, with femoral blood concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 12 ng/mL. Metonitazene was detected in four cases in 2022, with concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 1.5 ng/mL in femoral blood. All but one case had the presence of fentanyl and/or fentanyl analogs, and the next most commonly encountered analyte in these cases was xylazine. The manner of death was accidental for all cases with a detected nitazene, and all but one case was attributed to mixed drug intoxications. None of the cases reported the identified nitazene compound as the sole intoxicant responsible for death. The opioid crisis continues to tear apart communities throughout the world, including New York City. Continued research and communication regarding these drugs helps to fight this crisis.
Narrative and Story-telling in Darwall & Anor v Dartmoor National Park Authority
Authors: Ogden-Jones Rhiannon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Darwall & Anor v Dartmoor National Park Authority [2023] EWHC 35 (Ch) is a case framed by a particular narrative about national parks. This narrative exists separately from the explicit terms of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. Whilst a case comment about narrative seems unconventional, it is fundamental to understanding this case. This is because narrative shapes the legal questions asked in the case and so understanding narrative is essential to understanding the case itself. This comment places Darwall in its legal historical context, linking it to two legal questions from the case: the question of jurisdiction and the discussion of public access as a means of dispropriation. This illustrates that the legal questions in Darwall are asked as much because of the narrative that frames them, as they are of their explicit grounding in the legislation.
Assessing Mid-rotation Loblolly Pine and Competing Vegetation Responses to Post-thin Fertilization and Herbicide Application in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Young John B , Bullock Bronson P , Montes Cristian R 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMid-rotation silvicultural treatments (MRT) are commonly applied to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the southeastern United States to improve pine productivity. Competing vegetation is often present in operational plantations and limits site resource availability. The benefits of MRT for pine productivity are well known, but competing vegetation growth has not been extensively studied. Pine and competing vegetation growth within two regions of the southeastern United States was monitored for 8 years following a one-time post-thin application of either fertilization (224 kg ha-1 of nitrogen plus 28 kg ha-1 phosphorus), chemical herbicide (0.8 oz glyphosate and 0.8 oz triclopyr L-1 of water) or their combination. Fertilization significantly increased pine volume growth in the Lower Coastal Plain (LCP, 2.67-4.01 m3ha-1yr-1) and the Upper Coastal Plain/ Piedmont (UCPIE, 0.20-3.72 m3ha-1yr-1). Chemical herbicide application in both the LCP (0.34-4.87 m3 ha-1yr-1) and UCPIE (0.89-1.97 m3 ha-1yr-1) also significantly increased pine volume. Chemical herbicide application, individually and combined, did not result in significant decreases in herbaceous vegetation, but reduced woody vegetation by up to -2.40 m3 ha-1yr-1 in the LCP and -5.67 m3 ha-1yr-1 in the UCPIE. Consequently, we suggest that competing vegetation response should be considered within site-specific management plans aimed at maximizing pine productivity.
The haloes and environments of nearby galaxies (HERON) – III. A 45-kpc spiral structure in the GLSB galaxy UGC 4599
Authors: Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Rich R Michael , Fusco Michael , Kennefick Julia , Thilker David , Marchuk Alexander , Brosch Noah , West Michael , Gregg Michael , Longstaff Francis , Koch-Hansen Andreas J , Abdeen Shameer , Roque William 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We use a 0.7-m telescope in the framework of the Halos and Environments of Nearby Galaxies (HERON) survey to probe low surface brightness (LSB) structures in nearby galaxies. One of our targets, UGC 4599, is usually classified as an early-type galaxy surrounded by a blue ring making it a potential Hoag’s Object analogue. Prior photometric studies of UGC 4599 were focused on its bright core and the blue ring. However, the HERON survey allows us to study its faint extended regions. With an 8-h integration, we detect an extremely faint outer disc with an extrapolated central surface brightness of μ0, d(r) = 25.5 mag arcsec−2 down to 31 mag arcsec−2 and a scale length of 15 kpc. We identify two distinct spiral arms of pitch angle ∼6○ surrounding the ring. The spiral arms are detected out to ∼45 kpc in radius and the faint disc continues to ∼70 kpc. These features are also seen in the GALEX far- and near-ultraviolet bands, in a deep u-band image from the 4.3-m Lowell Discovery Telescope (which reveals inner spiral structure emerging from the core), and in H i. We compare this galaxy to ordinary spiral and elliptical galaxies, giant low surface brightness (GLSB) galaxies, and Hoag’s Object itself using several standard galaxy scaling relations. We conclude that the pseudo-bulge and disc properties of UGC 4599 significantly differ from those of Hoag’s Object and of normal galaxies, pointing toward a GLSB galaxy nature and filamentary accretion of gas to generate its outer disc.
Unravelling the period gap using LAMOST chromospheric activity indices
Authors: Chahal Deepak , Kamath Devika , de Grijs Richard , Ventura Paolo , Chen Xiaodian 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
In our recent catalogue of BY Draconis (BY Dra) variables based on Zwicky Transient Facility data, we found traces of a period gap in the period–colour diagram. We combined our BY Dra data base with catalogues from the Kepler and K2 surveys, revealing a prominent period gap. Here, we use this combined ZTF–Kepler–K2 data set to investigate the origin of the period gap observed for BY Dra stars using chromospheric activity indices. We use low- and medium-resolution spectra from the LAMOST Data Release 7 to derive magnetic activity indices for the Ca ii H and K and Hα emission lines. We find a strong dependence of chromospheric activity on both stellar mass and rotation period. For partially convective K–M-type stars, the activity decreases steeply up to an age of ∼700–1000 Myr, subsequently evolving to the type of low-level saturation associated with spin-down stallation. In contrast, F–G-type stars with thinner convective envelopes exhibit constant activity with increasing age. We suspect that the observed steep decrease for partially convective stars is driven by core–envelope coupling. This mechanism reduces differential rotation at the core–envelope transition, hence leading to decreased magnetic activity. Moreover, we derive activity indices for previously known star clusters and find similar trends as regards their activity levels as a function of age. In particular, very low-level activity is observed around the location of the period gap. Therefore, we conclude that the period gap, defined by the non-detection of variable sources, is driven by a minimum in chromospheric activity.
Effects of sleep fragmentation on white matter pathology in a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Fu Xiang , Wan Xiao-Jie , Liu Jun-Yi , Sun Qian , Shen Yun , Li Jie , Mao Cheng-Jie , Ma Quan-Hong , Wang Fen , Liu Chun-Feng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Mounting evidence indicated the correlation between sleep and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, little is known about the exact causality between poor sleep and white matter injury, a typical signature of CSVD, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar Kyoto rats were subjected to sleep fragmentation (SF) for 16 weeks. The effects of chronic sleep disruption on the deep white matter and cognitive performance were observed.

Results
SHR were validated as a rat model for CSVD. Fragmented sleep induced strain-dependent white matter abnormalities, characterized by reduced myelin integrity, impaired oligodendrocytes precursor cells (OPC) maturation and pro-inflammatory microglial polarization. Partially reversible phenotypes of OPC and microglia were observed in parallel following sleep recovery.

Conclusions
Long-term SF-induced pathological effects on the deep white matter in a rat model of CSVD. The pro-inflammatory microglial activation and the block of OPC maturation may be involved in the mechanisms linking sleep to white matter injury.
Clinical observation of liposomal doxorubicin on liver and renal function in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Li Mingliang , Wang Ling , Du Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Doxorubicin has become the first-line antitumor drug clinically, but severely limited by multiple side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. Liposomal doxorubicin therefore replaced traditional doxorubicin for low toxicity and high efficiency. Previous studies have suggested liver and kidney may be the main organs affected by liposomal doxorubicin. Due to insufficient clinical evidence, we set out to analyze the effect of liposomal doxorubicin on liver and renal function in breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods
Our retrospective analysis included breast cancer patients aged 30–70 years old who were assigned to two groups based on liposomal doxorubicin intake. We evaluated changes in liver and renal function. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the risk factors of liver function damage.

Results
Ultimately, 631 patients for liver function analysis cohort and 611 cases for renal function analysis cohort. Patients receiving liposomal doxorubicin had significantly higher liver function damage rate compared to control group (52.20% vs 9.82%, p &lt; 0.001), but there was no difference in the incidence of renal damage events between the two groups. Multivariate analysis shows total doses divided by body surface area is a significant, independent risk factor for liver function damage (odds ratio 1.005 [1.002–1.018], p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Liposomal doxorubicin treatment is associated with higher liver function damage in breast cancer patients, but has no effect on renal function. Together with risk factor analysis, our study underlines the importance to pay attention for patient’s age before taking liposomal doxorubicin, alongside liver function after the first and long-term treatments.
Benefits of Early Utilization of Palliative Care Consultation in Trauma Patients
Authors: Duncan Anthony J. , Holkup Lucas M. , Sang Hilla I. , Sahr Sheryl M. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effects of palliative care consultation if performed within 72 hours of admission on length of stay (LOS), mortality, and invasive procedures.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
Single-center level 1 trauma center.

PATIENTS:
Trauma patients, admitted to ICU with palliative care consultation.

INTERVENTION:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The ICU LOS was decreased in the early palliative care (EPC) group compared with the late palliative care (LPC) group, by 6 days versus 12 days, respectively. Similarly, the hospital LOS was also shorter in the EPC group by 8 days versus 17 days in the LPC group. In addition, the EPC group had lower rates of tracheostomy (4% vs 14%) and percutaneous gastrostomy tubes (4% vs 15%) compared with the LPC group. There was no difference in mortality or discharge disposition between patients in the EPC versus LPC groups. It is noteworthy that the patients who received EPC were slightly older, but there were no other significant differences in demographics.

CONCLUSIONS:
EPC is associated with fewer procedures and a shorter amount of time spent in the hospital, with no immediate effect on mortality. These outcomes are consistent with studies that show patients’ preferences toward the end of life, which typically involve less time in the hospital and fewer invasive procedures.
ROTH SPOTS IN A RENDU–OSLER–WEBER SYNDROME
Authors: Ferreira de Moura Thomas , Servettaz Amélie , Henry Adrien , Arndt Carl , Denoyer Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the molecular diagnosis and atypical ocular presentation of a patient who suffered for a Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome.

Methods:
This is a case report of a patient who underwent fundus examination, brain MRI, and arteriography. Genetic testing was performed by next-generation sequencing.

Results:
A 35-year-old woman presented with right hemiplegia with right homonymous lateral hemianopia and homolateral complete sensory deficit. She also had Roth spots in her left fundus. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic variation in the heterozygous state in the SMAD-4 gene (c.1245_1248del).

Conclusion:
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia also known as Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease, which reveals mostly with epistaxis and cutaneous telangiectasias. Our clinical case reports Roth spots in the context of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome. SMAD-4 mutation may explain the presence of a carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm, which is not a lesion usually found in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Developing and Validating a New Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Neurological Status of Acute Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Weiping 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for the risk of poor neurological status in in-hospital patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods:
This 2-center retrospective study included patients with AIS treated at the Advanced Stroke Center of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Baoding No.1 Central Hospital between January 2018 and January 2020). The neurological function status at day 7 of AIS onset was used as the endpoint of the study, which was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score.

Results:
A total of 878 patients were included in the study and divided into training (n=652) and validation (n=226) sets. Seven variables were selected as predictors to establish the risk model: age, NIHSS before thrombolysis (NIHSS1), NIHSS 24 hours after thrombolysis (NIHSS3), high-density lipoprotein, antiplatelet, cerebral computed tomography after thrombolysis (CT2), and lower extremity venous color Doppler ultrasound. The risk prediction model achieved good discrimination (the areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve in the training and validation sets were 0.9626 and 0.9413, respectively) and calibration (in the training set Emax=0.072, Eavg=0.01, P=0.528, and in the validation set Emax=0.123, Eavg=0.019, P=0.594, respectively). The decision curve analysis showed that the model could achieve a good net benefit.

Conclusions:
The prediction model obtained in this study showed good discrimination, calibration, and clinical efficacy. This new nomogram can provide a reference for predicting the risk of poor neurological status in patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.