bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination between falls and blows from the localization and the number of fractures on computed tomography scans of the skull and the trunk
Authors: Henriques Mélanie , Saliba-Serre Bérengère , Martrille Laurent , Blum Alain , Chaumoître Kathia , Donato Paulo , Campos Nuno , Cunha Eugénia , Adalian Pascal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The distinction between falls and blows is a common and difficult task in forensic sciences. One of the most often used criteria to address this issue is the hat brim line (HBL) rule, which states that fall-related injuries do not lie above the HBL. Some studies, however, have found that the use of HBL rule is not so relevant. This study assesses the aetiologies, the number of fractures, and their location on the skull and the trunk in a sample of 400 individuals aged 20–49 years, which were CT scanned after traumas. This may facilitate the interpretation of such injuries in skeletonized or heavily decomposed bodies in which soft tissues are no longer available. Our aim is to improve the distinction rate between falls and blows by combining several criteria and assessing their predictability. Skeletal lesions were analysed using retrospective CT scans. Cases selected comprise 235 falls and 165 blows. We registered the presence and the number of fractures in 14 skeletal anatomical regions related to the two different aetiologies. We showed that the HBL rule should be used with caution, but there is nevertheless a possibility of discussing the aetiology of blunt fractures. Possibly, parameters like the anatomical location and the number of fractures by region can be used to distinguish falls and blows.
Whole-exome sequencing prioritizes candidate genes for hereditary cataract in the Emory mouse mutant
Authors: Bennett Thomas M , Zhou Yuefang , Meyer Kacie J , Anderson Michael G , Shiels Alan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Emory cataract (Em) mouse mutant has long been proposed as an animal model for age-related or senile cataract in humans—a leading cause of visual impairment. However, the genetic defect(s) underlying the autosomal dominant Em phenotype remains elusive. Here, we confirmed development of the cataract phenotype in commercially available Em/J mice [but not ancestral Carworth Farms White (CFW) mice] at 6–8 months of age and undertook whole-exome sequencing of candidate genes for Em. Analysis of coding and splice-site variants did not identify any disease-causing/associated mutations in over 450 genes known to underlie inherited and age-related forms of cataract and other lens disorders in humans and mice, including genes for lens crystallins, membrane/cytoskeleton proteins, DNA/RNA-binding proteins, and those associated with syndromic/systemic forms of cataract. However, we identified three cataract/lens-associated genes each with one novel homozygous variant including predicted missense substitutions in Prx (p.R167C) and Adamts10 (p.P761L) and a disruptive in-frame deletion variant (predicted missense) in Abhd12 (p.L30_A32delinsS) that were absent in CFW and over 35 other mouse strains. In silico analysis predicted that the missense substitutions in Prx and Adamts10 were borderline neutral/damaging and neutral, respectively, at the protein function level, whereas, that in Abhd12 was functionally damaging. Both the human counterparts of Adamts10 and Abhd12 are clinically associated with syndromic forms of cataract known as Weil-Marchesani syndrome 1 and polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract syndrome, respectively. Overall, while we cannot exclude Prx and Adamts10, our data suggest that Abhd12 is a promising candidate gene for cataract in the Em/J mouse.
Division promotes adult stem cells to perform active niche competition
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Yang , Zhang Qi , Li Le , Zhao Shaowei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Adult stem cells maintain homeostatic self-renewal through the strategy of either population or single-cell asymmetry, and the former type of stem cells are thought to take passive while the latter ones take active competition for niche occupancy. Although the division ability of stem cells is known to be crucial for their passive competition, whether it is also crucial for active competition is still elusive. Drosophila female germline stem cells are thought to take active competition, and bam mutant germ cells are more competitive than wild-type germline stem cells for niche occupancy. Here we report that either cycB, cycE, cdk2, or rheb null mutation drastically attenuates the division ability and niche occupancy capacity of bam mutant germ cells. Conversely, accelerating their cell cycle by mutating hpo has an enhanced effect. Last but not least, we also determine that E-cadherin, which was proposed to be crucial previously, just plays a mild role in bam mutant germline niche occupancy. Together with previous studies, we propose that division ability plays a unified crucial role in either active or passive competition among stem cells for niche occupancy.
The curse and blessing of abundance—the evolution of drug interaction databases and their impact on drug network analysis
Authors: Udrescu Mihai , Ardelean Sebastian Mihai , Udrescu Lucreţia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Widespread bioinformatics applications such as drug repositioning or drug–drug interaction prediction rely on the recent advances in machine learning, complex network science, and comprehensive drug datasets comprising the latest research results in molecular biology, biochemistry, or pharmacology. The problem is that there is much uncertainty in these drug datasets—we know the drug–drug or drug–target interactions reported in the research papers, but we cannot know if the not reported interactions are absent or yet to be discovered. This uncertainty hampers the accuracy of such bioinformatics applications.

Results
We use complex network statistics tools and simulations of randomly inserted previously unaccounted interactions in drug–drug and drug–target interaction networks—built with data from DrugBank versions released over the plast decade—to investigate whether the abundance of new research data (included in the latest dataset versions) mitigates the uncertainty issue. Our results show that the drug–drug interaction networks built with the latest dataset versions become very dense and, therefore, almost impossible to analyze with conventional complex network methods. On the other hand, for the latest drug database versions, drug–target networks still include much uncertainty; however, the robustness of complex network analysis methods slightly improves.

Conclusions
Our big data analysis results pinpoint future research directions to improve the quality and practicality of drug databases for bioinformatics applications: benchmarking for drug–target interaction prediction and drug–drug interaction severity standardization.
Effectiveness of hierarchical medical system policy: an interrupted time series analysis of a pilot scheme in China
Authors: Hu Huajie , Wang Ruilin , Li Huangqianyu , Han Sheng , Shen Peng , Lin Hongbo , Guan Xiaodong , Shi Luwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Chinese healthcare system faces a dilemma between its hospital-centric approach to healthcare delivery and a rapidly ageing population that requires strong primary care. To improve system efficiency and continuity of care, the Hierarchical Medical System (HMS) policy package was issued in November 2014 and fully implemented in 2015 in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the HMS on the local healthcare system. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study with quarterly data collected between 2010 and 2018 from Yinzhou district, Ningbo. The data were analysed with an interrupted time series design to assess the impact of HMS on the changes in levels and trends of three outcome variables: primary care physicians’ (PCPs’) patient encounter ratio (i.e. the mean quarterly number of patient encounters of PCPs divided by that of all other physicians), PCP degree ratio (i.e. the mean degree of PCPs divided by the mean degree of all other physicians, with the mean degree revealing the mean activity and popularity of physicians, which reflected the extent to which he/she coordinated with others in delivering health services), and PCP betweenness centrality ratio (i.e. the mean betweenness centrality of PCPs divided by the mean betweenness centrality of all other physicians; the mean betweenness centrality was interpreted as the mean relative importance of physicians within the network, indicating the centrality of the network). Observed results were compared with counterfactual scenarios computed based on pre-HMS trends. Between January 2010 and December 2018, 272 267 patients visited doctors for hypertension, a representative non-communicable disease with a high prevalence of 44.7% among adults aged 35–75 years, amounting to a total of 9 270 974 patient encounters. We analysed quarterly data of 45 464 observations over 36 time points. Compared to the counterfactual, by the fourth quarter of 2018, the PCP patient encounter ratio rose by 42.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 27.1–58.2, P &lt; 0.001], the PCP degree ratio increased by 23.6% (95%CI: 8.6–38.5, P &lt; 0.01) and the PCP betweenness centrality ratio grew by 129.4% (95%CI: 87.1–171.7, P &lt; 0.001). The HMS policy can incentivize patients to visit primary care facilities and enhance the centrality of PCPs within their professional network.
The role of community health advisors’ cancer history in implementation and efficacy of a cancer control intervention
Authors: Huq Maisha R , He Xin , Woodard Nathaniel , Chen Chang , Knott Cheryl L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Community health advisors (CHAs) play a key role in promoting health in medically underserved communities, including in addressing cancer disparities. There is a need to expand the research on what characteristics make for an effective CHA. We examined the relationship between CHA personal and family history of cancer, and implementation and efficacy outcomes in a cancer control intervention trial. Twenty-eight trained CHAs implemented a series of three cancer educational group workshops for N = 375 workshop participants across 14 churches. Implementation was operationalized as participant attendance at the educational workshops, and efficacy as workshop participants’ cancer knowledge scores at the 12-month follow-up, controlling for baseline scores. CHA personal history of cancer was not significantly associated with implementation, nor knowledge outcomes. However, CHAs with family history of cancer had significantly greater participant attendance at the workshops than CHAs without family history of cancer (P = 0.03) and a significant, positive association with male workshop participants’ prostate cancer knowledge scores at 12 months (estimated beta coefficient = 0.49, P &lt; 0.01) after adjusting for confounders. Findings suggest that CHAs with family history of cancer may be particularly suitable for cancer peer education, although further research is needed to confirm this and identify other factors conducive to CHA success.
Standardizing fishery-dependent catch-rate information across gears and data collection programs for Alaska sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)
Authors: Cheng M L H , Rodgveller C J , Langan J A , Cunningham C J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Indices of abundance used to inform stock assessment models are commonly derived from fishery-dependent data sources. However, fishery catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) are often confounded by a myriad of factors for which corrections must be made using model-based standardization methods. The Alaska sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) fishery provides a fitting case study of such issues, wherein a regulatory change in 2017 disrupted historic fishery dynamics, promoting a rapid transition in use of pot gear over demersal hook-and-line gear in the Gulf of Alaska. To address this, we combined across both observer and logbook programs (data sources) and gear types to develop an intercalibrated abundance index. We first regressed observer records against vessel logbooks to understand potential biases that may arise from combining data sources during the CPUE standardization process. Here, we found that both data sources exhibited strong agreement in reported CPUEs when compared on a set-by-set basis. Therefore, we intercalibrated both CPUE data sources and developed an index of abundance that incorporated catch records from both demersal hook-and-line and pot gear fisheries for sablefish in Alaska, to account for the recent rapid change in gear use. This standardized index of abundance compared favourably with an index generated from a fishery-independent hook-and-line survey currently used in management, suggesting it is representative of sablefish population trends. Our findings not only represent a valuable contribution to the management of sablefish in Alaska, but also provide a widely applicable framework for standardizing fishery-dependent CPUE data to support the management of multi-gear fisheries.
The Positive Tropical Grassmannian, the Hypersimplex, and them= 2 Amplituhedron
Authors: Łukowski Tomasz , Parisi Matteo , Williams Lauren K 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe positive Grassmannian $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k,n}$ is a cell complex consisting of all points in the real Grassmannian whose Plücker coordinates are non-negative. In this paper we consider the image of the positive Grassmannian and its positroid cells under two different maps: the moment map$\mu $ onto the hypersimplex [ 31] and the amplituhedron map$\tilde{Z}$ onto the amplituhedron [ 6]. For either map, we define a positroid dissection to be a collection of images of positroid cells that are disjoint and cover a dense subset of the image. Positroid dissections of the hypersimplex are of interest because they include many matroid subdivisions; meanwhile, positroid dissections of the amplituhedron can be used to calculate the amplituhedron’s ‘volume’, which in turn computes scattering amplitudes in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills. We define a map we call T-duality from cells of $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k+1,n}$ to cells of $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k,n}$ and conjecture that it induces a bijection from positroid dissections of the hypersimplex $\Delta _{k+1,n}$ to positroid dissections of the amplituhedron $\mathcal{A}_{n,k,2}$; we prove this conjecture for the (infinite) class of BCFW dissections. We note that T-duality is particularly striking because the hypersimplex is an $(n-1)$-dimensional polytope while the amplituhedron $\mathcal{A}_{n,k,2}$ is a $2k$-dimensional non-polytopal subset of the Grassmannian $Gr_{k,k+2}$. Moreover, we prove that the positive tropical Grassmannian is the secondary fan for the regular positroid subdivisions of the hypersimplex, and prove that a matroid polytope is a positroid polytope if and only if all 2D faces are positroid polytopes. Finally, toward the goal of generalizing T-duality for higher $m$, we define the momentum amplituhedron for any even $m$.
Effect of weaning strategy and backgrounding management on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and mRNA expression in the longissimus muscle of beef steers
Authors: Pittaluga Alejandro M , Kieffer Justin , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe evaluate the effect of the weaning strategy (WS; early, 130 ± 21 d vs. normal, 187 ± 20 d) and backgrounding management (BGM) on growth, carcass characteristics, and relative mRNA expression in the longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers. One hundred and twenty Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (body weight (BW) = 130 ± 11.2 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Steers, blocked by age and BW, were randomly assigned to one treatment (2 × 2 factorial). Treatments consisted of early weaned (EW) or normal weaned (NW) steers subsequently backgrounded (BG) on either a forage-based (FB) or concentrates-based (CB) diet. The EW steers (d 0) were ad libitum-fed a grain-based diet for 49 d until nursing calves were NW. Steers were ad libitum-fed either a FB diet for 214 d or a CB diet for 95 d afterward. Steers were finished on a high-grain diet until harvested at an estimated constant 12th-rib fat thickness (1.5 cm). Expression of mRNA in the LM was measured over time. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. The EW steers were heavier (P ˂ 0.01) at the beginning of the backgrounding and finishing period. When the finishing phase began, steers FB were heavier (P ˂ 0.01) than CB steers. There was a tendency for a WS × BGM interaction (P = 0.08) for final BW, where NW-FB steers were heavier than the steers on the other three treatments, which do not differ between them. In the finishing phase, steers BG on a FB diet had greater dry matter intake and average daily gain, but lower gain-to-feed ratio (P ˂ 0.01). There was a WS × BGM interaction (P = 0.03) for days on feed (DOF) in the finishing diet, where backgrounding steers in a FB diet decreased DOF required to reach the harvesting target among EW steers, but not within NW steers. No interactions or treatment effects (P ≥ 0.17) were detected for marbling score (MS). For ZFP423, EW steers showed a greater mRNA expression on d 112 and a lower expression on d 255 than NW steers (P ˂ 0.01). In d 57, steers BG on a CB diet presented a greater delta-like homolog 1 mRNA expression than steers BG on a FB diet, whereas in d 255, this was inverted (P ˂ 0.01). For CCAAT/enhancer binding protein D (C/EBPD) mRNA expression, a tendency for a WS × BGM interaction was observed (P = 0.06), where a greater expression of C/EBPD was observed in steers BG on a FB diet among EW steers, but not within NW steers. In this study, early grain feeding followed by different BGM does not support MS improvements of beef carcasses.
The 13C-bicarbonate technique as a tool for measurement of energy expenditure in overweight dogs undergoing body weight reduction and the effect of different dietary composition
Authors: Marcussen Caroline , Andersen Astrid , Dietrich Nanna , Blache Dominique , Theil Peter K , Biourge Vincent , Tauson Anne-Helene 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChanges in body size and composition, i.e., body weight (BW) gain or loss, affect the daily energy expenditure (EE). To ensure an appropriate BW reduction and to find an efficient strategy to reduce and maintain a target BW, regular evaluations and adjustments of energy allowance are important. This study aimed to provide a detailed knowledge about the possible changes in resting EE using the oral 13C-bicarbonate technique (o13CBT) as a research tool in 16 overweight pet dogs undergoing BW reduction. Dietary composition (i.e., in % of dry matter [DM] being a high protein [33.3], low fat [9.6], and high crude fiber [18.0] diet [LFHFibre], and a high protein [37.9], high fat [52.0], carbohydrate-free diet [HFat]) during 16 wk of energy restriction were evaluated regarding effects on resting EE, rate of BW reduction, body composition, and plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones involved in energy metabolism and appetite regulation. The mean BW loss was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for the dogs fed the LFHFibre diet (1.1%/wk) than that for dogs fed the HFat diet (0.8%/wk), but the total BW reduction of 14.6% and 12.0% of initial BW did not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05). Resting EE was lower (P &lt; 0.02) after the BW reduction; 414 kJ (99 kcal)/kg BW0.75/d at the start (week 0) and 326 kJ (78 kcal)/kg BW0.75/d at the end (week 16) of the study. The BW reduction in both groups (P &gt; 0.05) consisted of both fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Energy expenditure, calculated in relation to amount of FFM, was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) affected by BW reduction. Dietary composition did not significantly affect (P &gt; 0.05) plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin, and no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of BW reduction was observed on hormone concentrations. In conclusion, the o13CBT proved to be a useful research method for studying short-term EE in overweight dogs. Even though all dogs lost BW, most dogs were still overweight at the end of the study. Due to a high individual variation among dogs, a longer experimental period with a larger sample size would be desirable.
Vector-valued envelope functions for constructing tool swept surfaces in continuous domains
Authors: Aras Eyyup 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes the vector-valued envelope functions to describe form cutters’ swept profiles at the choice of particular motion instances. The general idea behind such a formulation is to embed the tangency constraint into the tool surface expression and form a single continuous function to describe the segmental curves whose elements lie on the envelopes. This results in skipping unnecessary calculations when no envelope-surface point is associated with the specified input data, reducing the sizeable computational burden due to repetitive constraint implementations, and most importantly, depending on the tool kinematics’ complexity, avoiding the tangency-constraint violations between successive envelope-surface points where the exact fit cannot be obtained. In this study, firstly, the NC tool surface models present in extant literature have been restructured using the four-parameter set of spheres to attain the required one-to-one correspondence between the domain and range sets of these functions, followed by excluding the tangency-constraint evaluations by introducing the systematic parameter-reduction procedures that led to the development of constraint-embedded envelope functions. Next, we introduced the branch-existence test, which allowed us to check whether these functions are continuous over closed domain intervals. Finally, we covered algorithms for implementing the functions.
Dog hair volatiles attract Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) females
Authors: López-López Noe , Rojas Julio C , Cruz-López Leopoldo , Ulloa-García Armando , Malo Edi A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (Latreille) feeds on domestic dogs worldwide. This tick species uses dog volatiles during host-seeking behavior. In this study, we identified volatile compounds from dog hairs involved in the host location of R. sanguineus s.l. The R. sanguineus s.l. females, but not males, were attracted to hair samples and Super Q extracts from Schnauzer dogs in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. A total of 54 compounds from dog hair extracts were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Screening the identified compounds by the single sensillum recording technique showed that isovaleric acid, hexanal, heptanal, and sucaltone (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) significantly stimulated the olfactory receptor neurons of the basiconic, chaeticum, and trichodeum sensilla of female ticks. When synthetic compounds were evaluated alone, or in binary, tertiary, or quaternary mixtures, female ticks were only attracted to isovaleric acid and 1 tertiary mixture (hexanal, heptanal, and isovaleric acid). We conclude that isovaleric acid functions as an attractant for R. sanguineus s.l. These findings contribute to the understanding of the chemical ecology of ticks during host location.