bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional, Ultra‐Tough Organohydrogel E‐Skin Reinforced by Hierarchical Goatskin Fibers Skeleton for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Monitoring
Authors: Fan Xin , Ke Tao , Gu Haibin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractE‐skins based on conductive hydrogels are regarded as ideal candidates for sensing application. However, limited by the constructed materials and strategies, the current conductive hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, single function, and unsatisfactory conductivity, which seriously hinder their development and application. Herein, the natural goatskin with hierarchical 3D network structure weaved by collagen fibers is used as the substrate material for the construction of ultra‐tough hydrogel through a “top‐down” strategy, in which acrylic acid monomer is first vacuum‐impregnated into the interstices of goatskin fibers skeleton and is then polymerized in situ to produce the skin‐based hydrogel with unique 3D wrapping structure. Based on the skin‐based hydrogel, a substrate with load‐carrying capacity, after loaded with a new multifunctional nanoscale‐conductive medium nanosilver particles (AgNPs) and 1,3‐propanediol, a goatskin‐derived multifunctional organohydrogel S@HCP is constructed with excellent mechanical properties, self‐adhesion, transparency, ultraviolet shielding, antibacterial, biocompatibility, environmental stability, and conductivity. Notably, the stretchable S‐TENG assembled using S@HCP can be perfectly suited for real‐life applications including biomechanical energy harvesting, self‐powered tactile‐sensing, and motion monitoring. It is believed that, by combining natural animal skin with different functional materials, it is possible to reuse animal skin, “dead skin,” which provides a new platform for developing multifunctional flexible e‐skin.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid Liposomes Encapsulated Microcapsules from Microfluidic Electrospray for Inflammatory Wound Healing
Authors: Zhi Yue , Che Junyi , Zhu Haofang , Liu Rui , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn diabetic wound healing, M1 macrophage accumulation and elevated inflammation are prevalent issues. Intelligent delivery systems that can sustainably release antioxidizing and anti‐inflammatory ingredients are expected for effective wound healing. Herein, a novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes encapsulated microcapsules delivery system that has desired features for inflammatory wound repair is presented. As the bacteria could break down the alginate shells, the GA liposomes could be controllably released from the microcapsules, which promotes M2 macrophage polarization and regulate their responses in the inflammatory wound microenvironment. Based on these, it is demonstrated that the GA liposomes encapsulated microcapsules delivery system exhibits an anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect for diabetic wound healing in a full‐thickness defect model in diabetic rats. These results indicate that the immunomodulatory capabilities of the microcapsules can be unitized for efficient wound repair, and such a delivery system is valuable for clinical wound healing applications.
Synergistic Passivation and Down‐Conversion by Imidazole‐Modified Graphene Quantum Dots for High Performance and UV‐Resistant Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Qianqian , Sheng Wangping , Yang Jia , Zhong Yang , Xiao Shuqin , He Jiacheng , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved stunning progress during the past decade, which has inspired great potential for future commercialization. However, tin dioxide (SnO2) as a commonly used electron transport layer with varied defects and energy level mismatch with perovskite contributes to the energy loss and limitation of charge extraction. Herein, imidazole‐modified graphene quantum dots (IGQDs) are introduced as the interlayer, which plays a significant role in three aspects: 1) dually passivating the defects of SnO2 and buried interface of perovskite by first‐principles calculations; 2) accelerating the carrier extraction and transfer owing to ideal band alignment; and 3) improving light utilization through down‐conversion proved by light intensity measurement. Consequently, the devices based on IGQDs/SnO2 not only exhibit the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.11%, but display a significantly enhanced ultraviolet (UV) stability retaining about 81% of their initial PCEs after continuous UV irradiation (365 nm, 20 mW cm−2) for 300 h. Moreover, the unencapsulated modified device remains 82% after storing for 1650 h in air (20–30 °C, RH 45–55%). This work furnishes a novel method for the combination of interfacial passivation and photon management, which holds out for the prospect of employment in other optoelectronic applications.
Lithium Tritelluride as an Electrolyte Additive for Stabilizing Lithium Deposition and Enhancing Sulfur Utilization in Anode‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lai Tianxing , Bhargav Amruth , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the potential to become the next‐generation energy storage technology, practical lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are still plagued by the poor cyclability of the lithium‐metal anode and sluggish conversion kinetics of S species. In this study, lithium tritelluride (LiTe3), synthesized with a simple one‐step process, is introduced as a novel electrolyte additive for Li–S batteries. LiTe3 quickly reacts with lithium polysulfides and functions as a redox mediator to greatly improve the cathode kinetics and the utilization of active materials in the cathode. Moreover, the formation of a Li2TeS3/Li2Te‐enriched interphase layer on the anode surface enhances ionic transport and stabilizes Li deposition. By regulating the chemistry on both the anode and cathode sides, this additive enables a stable operation of anode‐free Li–S batteries with only 0.1 m concentration in conventional ether‐based electrolytes. The cell with the LiTe3 additive retains 71% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles, while the control cell retains only 23%. More importantly, with high utilization of Te, the additive enables significantly better cyclability of anode‐free pouch full‐cells under lean electrolyte conditions.
3D Bioprinting in Microgravity: Opportunities, Challenges, and Possible Applications in Space
Authors: Van Ombergen Angelique , Chalupa‐Gantner Franziska , Chansoria Parth , Colosimo Bianca Maria , Costantini Marco , Domingos Marco , Dufour Alexandre , De Maria Carmelo , Groll Jürgen , Jungst Tomasz , Levato Riccardo , Malda Jos , Margarita Alessandro , Marquette Christophe , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Petiot Emma , Read Sophia , Surdo Leonardo , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Vozzi Giovanni , Windisch Johannes , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy , Gelinsky Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract3D bioprinting has developed tremendously in the last couple of years and enables the fabrication of simple, as well as complex, tissue models. The international space agencies have recognized the unique opportunities of these technologies for manufacturing cell and tissue models for basic research in space, in particular for investigating the effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on different types of human tissues. In addition, bioprinting is capable of producing clinically applicable tissue grafts, and its implementation in space therefore can support the autonomous medical treatment options for astronauts in future long term and far‐distant space missions. The article discusses opportunities but also challenges of operating different types of bioprinters under space conditions, mainly in microgravity. While some process steps, most of which involving the handling of liquids, are challenging under microgravity, this environment can help overcome problems such as cell sedimentation in low viscous bioinks. Hopefully, this publication will motivate more researchers to engage in the topic, with publicly available bioprinting opportunities becoming available at the International Space Station (ISS) in the imminent future.
3D Optical Coherence Thermometry Using Polymeric Nanogels
Authors: Muñoz‐Ortiz Tamara , Alayeto Idoia , Lifante José , Ortgies Dirk H. , Marin Riccardo , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Iglesias de la Cruz María del Carmen , Lifante‐Pedrola Ginés , Rubio‐Retama Jorge , Jaque Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn nanothermometry, the use of nanoparticles as thermal probes enables remote and minimally invasive sensing. In the biomedical context, nanothermometry has emerged as a powerful tool where traditional approaches, like infrared thermal sensing and contact thermometers, fall short. Despite the strides of this technology in preclinical settings, nanothermometry is not mature enough to be translated to the bedside. This is due to two major hurdles: the inability to perform 3D thermal imaging and the requirement for tools that are readily available in the clinics. This work simultaneously overcomes both limitations by proposing the technology of optical coherence thermometry (OCTh). This is achieved by combining thermoresponsive polymeric nanogels and optical coherence tomography (OCT)—a 3D imaging technology routinely used in clinical practice. The volume phase transition of the thermoresponsive nanogels causes marked changes in their refractive index, making them temperature‐sensitive OCT contrast agents. The ability of OCTh to provide 3D thermal images is demonstrated in tissue phantoms subjected to photothermal processes, and its reliability is corroborated by comparing experimental results with numerical simulations. The results included in this work set credible foundations for the implementation of nanothermometry in the form of OCTh in clinical practice.
Multifunctional Filler‐Free PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity Induced by Lewis‐Acid‐Promoted Ion Exchange
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhuang Tiantian , Wang Jing , Sun Xu , Wang Yizhuo , Li Kuncai , Dai Xu , Guo Qinyue , Li Xuhui , Chong Daotong , Chen Bin , Yan Junjie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHighly conductive hydrogels with biotissue‐like mechanical properties are of great interest in the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics due to their good biocompatibility, deformability, and stability. Fully polymeric hydrogels may exhibit comparable Young's modulus to biotissues. However, most of these filler‐free hydrogels have a low electrical conductivity of <10 S cm−1, which limits their wide applications of them in digital circuits or bioelectronic devices. In this work, a series of metal‐halides‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels with an ultrahigh electrical conductivity up to 547 S cm−1 is reported, which is 1.5 times to 104 times higher than previously reported filler‐free polymeric hydrogels. Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the ion exchange between PEDOT:PSS and the metal halides played an important role to promote phase separation in the hydrogels, which thus leads to ultrahigh electrical conductivity. The high electrical conductivity resulted in multifunctional hydrogels with high performance in thermoelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, Joule heating, and sensing. Such flexible and stretchable hydrogels with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and stability upon various deformations are promising for soft bioelectronics devices and wearable electronics.
Conversion of Dielectric Surface Effect into Volume Effect for High Output Energy
Authors: Fu Shaoke , Wu Huiyuan , He Wencong , Li Qianying , Shan Chuncai , Wang Jian , Du Yan , Du Shihe , Huang Zhengyong , Hu Chenguo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImproving the output energy and durability of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) remains a considerable challenge for their practical applications. Owing to the interface effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, thinner films with higher dielectric constants yield a higher output; however, they are not durable for practical applications. Herein, the dielectric surface effect is changed into a volume effect by adopting a millimeter‐thick dielectric film with an inner porous network structure so that charges can hop in the surface state of the network. Charge migration inside the dielectric film is the key factor affecting the output of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a thick film, based on which each working stage follows the energy‐maximization principle in the voltage–charge plot. The maximum peak and average power densities of the TENG with polyurethane foam film in 1 mm thickness reach 40.9 and 20.7 W m−2 Hz−1, respectively, under environmental conditions, and the output charge density is 5.14 times that of TENGs with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film of the same thickness. Superdurability is achieved in the rotary‐mode TENG after 200 000 operation cycles. This study identifies the physical mechanism of the thick dielectric film used in TENGs and provides a new approach to promote the output and durability of TENGs.
Hot‐Exciton Mechanism and AIE Effect Boost the Performance of Deep‐Red Emitters in Non‐Doped OLEDs
Authors: Du Songyu , Luo Ming , Li Deli , Lyu Lingling , Li Wei , Zhao Mengyu , Wang Zhichuan , Zhang Jiasen , Liu Denghui , Li Yong , Su Shi‐Jian , Ge Ziyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLuminescent materials possessing a “hot‐exciton” mechanism and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) qualities are well‐suited for use as emitting materials in nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly in deep‐red regions where their ground state and singlet excited state surfaces are in proximity, leading to the formation of multiple nonradiative channels. However, designing molecules that artificially combine the hot‐exciton mechanism and AIE attributes remains a formidable task. In this study, a versatile strategy is presented to achieve hot‐exciton fluorescence with AIE property by increasing the first singlet excited (S1) state through modulation of the conjugation length of the newly created acceptor unit, matching the energy level of high‐lying triplet (Tn) states, and enhancing exciton utilization efficiency by employing suitable donor moieties. This approach reduces the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) in the aggregate state, resulting in the proof‐of‐concept emitter DT‐IPD, which produces an unprecedented external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.2% and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.69, 0.30) in a deep‐red non‐doped OLED at 685 nm, representing the highest performance among all deep‐red OLEDs based on materials with hot‐exciton mechanisms. This work provides novel insights into the design of more efficient hot‐exciton emitters with AIE properties.
Sequential Molecule‐Doped Hole Conductor to Achieve >23% Perovskite Solar Cells with 3000‐Hour Operational Stability
Authors: Du Guozheng , Yang Li , Dong Peiyao , Qi Lianlian , Che Yuliang , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough hole transport layers (HTLs) based on solution‐processed doped Spiro‐OMeTAD are extremely popular and effective for their remarkable performance in n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their scalable application is still being held back by poor chemical stability and unsatisfied scalability. Essentially, the volatile components and hygroscopic nature of ionic salts often cause morphological deformation that deteriorate both device efficiency and stability. Herein, a simple and effective molecular implantation‐assisted sequential doping (MISD) approach is strategically introduced to modulate spatial doping uniformity of organic films and fabricate all evaporated Spiro‐OMeTAD layer in which phase‐segregation free HTL is achieved accompanied with high molecular density, uniform doping composition, and superior optoelectronic characteristics. The resultant MISD‐based devices attain a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, which represents the highest reported value among all the PSCs with evaporated HTLs. Simultaneously, the unencapsulated devices realize considerably enhanced stability by maintaining over 90% of their initial PCEs in the air for 5200 h and after working at maximum power point under illumination for 3000 h. This method provides a facile way to fabricate robust and reliable HTLs toward developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Correlating the Valence State with the Adsorption Behavior of a Cu‐Based Electrocatalyst for Furfural Oxidation with Anodic Hydrogen Production Reaction
Authors: Yang Ming , Li Yingying , Dong Chung‐Li , Li Shengkai , Xu Leitao , Chen Wei , Wu Jingcheng , Lu Yuxuan , Pan Yuping , Wu Yandong , Luo Yongxiang , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe low‐potential furfural oxidation reaction (FFOR) on a Cu‐based electrocatalyst can produce H2 at the anode, thereby providing a bipolar H2 production system with an ultralow cell voltage. However, the intrinsic activity and stability of the Cu‐based electrocatalyst for the FFOR remain unsatisfactory for practical applications. This study investigates the correlation between the valence state and the adsorption behavior of the Cu‐based electrocatalyst in furfural oxidation. Cu0 is the adsorption site with low intrinsic activity. Cu+, which exists in the form of Cu(OH)ads in alkaline electrolytes, has no adsorption ability but can improve the performance of Cu0 by promoting the adsorption of FF. Moreover, a mixed‐valence Cu‐based electrocatalyst (MV Cu) with high intrinsic activity and stability is prepared electrochemically. With the MV Cu catalyst, the assembled dual‐side H2 production electrolyzer has a low electricity requirement of only 0.24 kWh mH2−3 at an ultralow cell voltage of 0.3 V, and it exhibits sufficient stability. This study not only correlates the valence state with the adsorption behavior of the Cu‐based electrocatalyst for the low‐potential FFOR with anodic H2 production but also reveals the mechanism of deactivation to provide design principles for Cu‐based electrocatalysts with satisfactory stability.
Defect Profiling of Oxide‐Semiconductor Interfaces Using Low‐Energy Muons
Authors: Mendes Martins Maria , Kumar Piyush , Woerle Judith , Ni Xiaojie , Grossner Ulrike , Prokscha Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMuon spin rotation with low‐energy muons (LE‐µSR) is a powerful nuclear method where electrical and magnetic properties of surface‐near regions and thin films can be studied on a length scale of ≈200 nm. This study shows the potential of utilizing low‐energy muons for a depth‐resolved characterization of oxide‐semiconductor interfaces, i.e., for silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (4H‐SiC). The performance of semiconductor devices relies heavily on the quality of the oxide‐semiconductor interface; thus, investigation of defects present in this region is crucial to improve the technology. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and grown by thermal oxidation of the SiO2‐semiconductor interface are compared with respect to interface and defect formation. The nanometer depth resolution of LE‐µSR allows for a clear distinction between the oxide and semiconductor layers, while also quantifying the extension of structural changes caused by the oxidation of both Si and SiC. The results demonstrate that LE‐µSR can reveal unprecedented details on the structural and electronic properties of the thermally oxidized SiO2‐semiconductor interface.
OligoHydrogelArray (OHA) for Parallelized Solid‐Phase Extraction of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Iwohn Michelle J. , Seifermann Maximilian , Reiser Patrick , Höpfner Julius , El Khaled El Faraj Razan , Heißler Stefan , Popova Anna A. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmobilization of oligonucleotides on solid surfaces is an important step in many experimental workflows in biology, such as gene expression analysis, genotyping, and drug discoveries. Capturing oligonucleotides in a highly efficient miniaturized format is still challenging. In this work, preparation of functionalized miniaturized acrylamide hydrogels on a droplet microarray (DMA) chip is reported. By further modification of these hydrogels through the Cu‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition, oligonucleotides are attached covalently, creating the OligoHydrogelArray (OHA). OHA enables the hybridization of oligonucleotides with defined sequences in a parallelized, miniaturized, and high‐throughput manner with an overall loading capacity and extraction efficiency suitable for most biological and chemical applications. This system enables the parallelized solid‐phase extraction of target oligonucleotides out of a mixture for purification and enrichment of DNA/RNA/PNA for application in fields such as transcriptomics. In the current study, are establish the chemical procedure for reproducible preparation of OHA and determine key characteristics, such as height, diameter, and shape of miniaturized gel pads as well as the loading capacity of oligonucleotides within the material. Finally, the ability to extract complementary oligonucleotide strands out of solution through hybridization is demonstrated to set the course for future applications.
Spectroscopic Analysis for the Identification of Loss Mechanisms in Back‐Contact Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Hongyu , Gillespie Sarah , Rigter Susan A. , van der Burgt Julia S. , Datta Kunal , Garnett Erik C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBack‐contact perovskite solar cells offer a significant potential to reach high efficiency due to reduced parasitic absorption from the top surface. However, the currently reported efficiencies are considerably lower (<10%) than planar perovskite solar cells (>20%). Herein, back‐contact perovskite solar cells are fabricated to study loss mechanisms that cause low device efficiency. This work spatially resolves the short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage, photoluminescence quantum yield, carrier lifetime, and external quantum efficiency of the devices. The results indicate that the front surface recombination, increased nonradiative recombination at hole contact layer/perovskite interface, and the extraction barriers are three main mechanisms limiting devices from achieving high efficiencies.
Full‐Color High‐Capacity Dynamic Information Encryption Based on Femtosecond Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer
Authors: Liang Shu‐Yu , Liu Yue‐Feng , Ji Zhi‐Kun , Xia Hong , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of dynamic 3D codes is widely studied, especially for smart information protection and advanced dynamic information encryption. However, it is challenging to fabricate information carriers with full color, dynamic properties under external stimuli, and high capacity, which restricts their applications. Here, microsized dynamic full color fluorescent 3D codes are successfully fabricated using the multilayer‐independent femtosecond laser‐induced forward transfer (FsLIFT) technology, which achieves simultaneous high‐resolution transferring and patterning. The combination and excitation of multilayered quantum dots film with different colors and patterns ensure dynamic information transformation of the 3D codes. Due to the high spatial resolution of the FsLIFT, the minimum line width of the patterns can reach 1.78 µm, which ensures a high capacity for encoding. In addition, the decoding process of the microsized dynamic fluorescent 3D codes only requires smartphones, microscope patches, and portable light sources. Finally, the facile fabrication and decoding process as well as the customizable patterning abilities demonstrate the practical application potential for the advanced dynamic coding.