bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Sovereign Catastrophe Bonds Improve Fiscal Resilience? An Application of Synthetic Control Method to Mexico
Authors: Maran Raluca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Natural disasters exert a significant impact on government finances. Catastrophe bonds (CAT bonds) constitute risk-transfer instruments that could help governments improve their fiscal resilience when catastrophic events occur. However, given the very limited issuance of sovereign CAT bonds so far, their actual impact on fiscal resilience is difficult to quantify. There is no literature on this topic currently available. I attempt to fill this gap and assess the impact of CAT bond payouts on the fiscal balance of the Mexican government using the synthetic control method. As an early adopter and repeated issuer of sovereign CAT bonds since 2006, Mexico received its first CAT bond payout in 2017. The payout was triggered by a high-magnitude earthquake that stroke the country in September 2017, with an estimated impact of 0.24% of Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP). I identify 12 countries that experienced natural disasters with a similar impact on GDP in 2017, but which unlike Mexico have not received a CAT bond payout that year. I then compare post-2017 fiscal balances for Mexico with a synthetic control unit that combines the characteristics of the 12 similar but untreated countries, while controlling for other factors that could have had an impact on this fiscal variable. I find a positive impact of the 2017 CAT bond payout on the evolution of Mexico’s fiscal balance compared to its synthetic control unit.
JEL classification: C22; C54; G23; G32; H63; H68
Prevalence of blood stream infections and associated factors among febrile neutropenic cancer patients on chemotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Tanzania.
Authors: Safari Lambert Christophe , Mloka Doreen , Minzi Omary , Dharsee Nazima J , Reuben Rabson 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Febrile Neutropenia (FN) caused by bacteria in cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of FN and associated factors among cancer patients on chemotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), Tanzania.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2019. Study participants were conveniently recruited. A desk review of participants medical records was performed. Standard microbiological procedures used to culture and identify the bacterial isolates from the positive blood cultures of participants that presented with FN. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion was used to perform the antibiotics susceptibility testing. SPSS version 20.0 and MS Excel were used in data entry and analysis. Chi-Square was used as a measure of association between various factors and neutropenia. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
A total 213 participants were enrolled. Of these 76.1% were female. Most of the participants came from the Coast region. Majority of participants presented with breast Cancer (36.2%) and GIT (20.2%). The prevalence of FN and bacteremia was 5.6% and 35.3% respectively. Staphylococcus Aureus (60%) and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (40%) were the main isolates. Of the 6 isolates tested most were resistant to Co-Trimoxazole 4/6 (66.7%) and Doxycycline 3/6 (50%). FN was positively associated with chemotherapy regimen (P = 0.0001), platelets count (P = 0.0001) and use of G-CSF (P = 0.0001).
Conclusion
The prevalence of FN among the cancer patients on chemotherapy in Tanzania
DNA Images of Codes Over F4t [u]/&lt;uk&gt;
Authors: Sezer Tugce , Yaraneri Ergün 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study DNA codes using some Gray images of codes over the chain rings S = F4t [u]<uk > and R = F4[v]⁄<vtk>. The special cases t=1 and k=2,3 were studied before. We construct some nice Gray maps from R, S to DNA codewords, whose images satisfy complement and reversibility properties. Studying the general case allows us to construct codes with better parameters. Subsequently, we concentrate on codes over arbitrary commutative rings and cyclic codes over R and obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions equal to the common constraints on DNA codes, like reversibility. Moreover, a variety of sample codes over multiple rings are presented.
MSC Classification: 11T71 , 94B05 , 94B15
Annual Variations in the Near-Earth Solar Wind
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Lockwood Mike , Barnard Luke A. , Yardley Stephanie , Hietala Heli , LaMoury Adrian T. , Vuorinen Laura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Earth’s orbit and rotation introduces systematic annual variations in geomagnetic activity, most notably via the changing orientation of the dayside magnetospheric magnetic field with respect to the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF). However, aside from these geometric effects, it is generally assumed that the solar wind is randomly sampled throughout the year. But systematic changes in the intrinsic solar wind conditions in near-Earth space could arise due to the variation in Earth heliocentric distance and heliographic latitude over the year. In this study we use 24 years of Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) data to investigate the annual variations in the scalar properties of the solar wind, namely the solar wind proton density, the radial solar wind speed and the HMF intensity. All parameters do show some degree of systematic annual variation, with amplitudes of around 10 to 20%. For HMF intensity, the variation is in phase with the Earth’s heliocentric distance variation, and scaling observations for distance largely removes the variation. For proton density and solar wind speed, however, scaling for distance does not affect the variation and the annual phase is inconsistent with Earth’s heliocentric distance variation. Instead we attribute the annual variations to Earth’s heliographic latitude variation and systematic sampling of higher speed solar wind at higher latitude. These variations are most strongly ordered at solar minimum. Conversely, combining scalar solar wind parameters to produce dynamic pressure and potential power input to the magnetosphere estimates results in solar maximum exhibiting a greater annual variation, with an amplitude of around 40%. This suggests Earth’s position in the heliosphere makes a significant contribution to space weather, in addition to the well studied geometric effects.
Does vestibular motion perception correlate with axonal pathways stimulated by subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Beylergil Sinem Balta , Noecker Angela M. , Kilbane Camilla , McIntyre Cameron C. , Shaikh Aasef G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Perception of our linear motion – heading – is critical for postural control, gait, and locomotion, and it is impaired in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has variable effects on vestibular heading perception, depending on the location of the electrodes within the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Here, we aimed to find the anatomical correlates of heading perception in PD. Fourteen PD participants with bilateral STN DBS performed a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task where a motion platform delivered translational forward movements with a heading angle varying between 0 and 30 degrees to the left or to the right with respect to the straight-ahead direction. Using psychometric curves, we derived the heading discrimination threshold angle of each patient from the response data. We created patient-specific DBS models and calculated the percentages of stimulated axonal pathways that are anatomically adjacent to the STN and known to play a major role in vestibular information processing. We performed correlation analyses to investigate the extent of these white matter tracts’ involvement in heading perception. Significant positive correlations were identified between improved heading discrimination for rightward heading and the percentage of activated streamlines of the contralateral hyperdirect, pallido-subthalamic, and subthalamo-pallidal pathways. The hyperdirect pathways are thought to provide top-down control over STN connections to the cerebellum. In addition, STN may also antidromically activate collaterals of hyperdirect pathway that projects to the precerebellar pontine nuclei. In select cases there was strong activation of the cerebello-thalamic projections, but it was not consistently present in all participants. Large volumetric overlap between the volume of tissue activation and the STN in the left hemisphere positively impacted rightward heading perception. Altogether, the results suggest heavy involvement of basal ganglia cerebellar network in STN-induced modulation of vestibular heading perception in PD.
Blue color of ribbontail stingray skin stems from a core-shell photonic glass ultrastructure
Authors: Surapaneni Venkata A , Blumer Michael J , Tadayon Kian , McIvor Ashlie , Redl Stefan , Honis Hanne-Rose , Mollen Frederik H. , Amini Shahrouz , Dean Mason N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Blue structural colors, produced by diverse tissue nanostructures, are known from all major vertebrate clades except cartilaginous fishes (e.g. sharks, rays). We describe a bright angle-independent structural blue from ribbontail stingray skin, arising from a novel cell type with unique quasi-ordered arrays of nano-vesicles enclosing guanine nanoplatelets. This natural architecture —an intracellular photonic glass— coherently scatters blue, while broadband absorption from closely-associated melanophores obviates the low color-saturation typical for photonic glasses. This first demonstration of structural color in elasmobranchs (the oldest extant clade of jawed vertebrates) illustrates that the capacity for guanine-based colors likely arose extremely early in vertebrate evolution. The structure-function mechanisms underlying ribbontail stingray coloration point to selective pressures driving elasmobranch visual ecology and communication, but also strategies for biomimetic color production.
Assessing Vitamin D Knowledge Among Syrian Adults: A population-based cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Malek Omar , Hajjeh Mhd Yaman Al , Safiah Mhd Homam , Alourfi Zaynab 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The importance of vitamin D is increasing daily as more studies reveal its links to several benefits for the human body and the wide array of consequences that its deficiency has, that’s why we wanted to assess the knowledge level of vitamin D among the people living in Damascus, Syria.Methods This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Syrian Private University. A validated self-administered questionnaire was asked to be filled in by Syrian adults aged 18 and above, using google forms, between the 8th of August 2022 and the 5th of October 2022.Results 1168 participants were included. 1098 (94.1%) were of Syrian nationality, ages of [18–28 years] made the majority of the sample 634 (54.3%). Two-thirds of the sample does not belong to the medical field 769 (65.8%). The results of this paper showed a high level of knowledge among the participants for sources of vitamin D (83.9% ± 26.2%) and its benefits (75.8% ± 23.5%) but they lacked knowledge of treatment (50.6% ± 30.2%) and for the causes (45.1% ± 26.4%) and consequences (22.7% ± 41.9%) of deficiency, the general knowledge on vitamin D was (53.2% ± 18%).Conclusion This is the first population-based paper in Syria to evaluate the general awareness of vitamin D and it indicates an average of good knowledge. We discussed some of the inadequate knowledge regarding several aspects such as “consequences of vitamin D deficiency” which had the lowest knowledge (22.7% ± 41.9%). We found a strong correlation between vitamin D knowledge and level of education, economic status, working in the medical field and the source of knowledge on vitamin D. Effective strategies should be made to raise awareness, and further research is recommended for a nationwide assessment.
Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling in Lead-induced Toxicity
Authors: Arabnezhad Mohammad-Reza , Haghani Fatemeh , Ghaffarian-Bahraman Ali , Jafarzadeh Emad , Mohammadi Hamidreza , Yadegari Javad Ghasemian , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Aschner Michael , Darroudi Majid , Marouzi Somayeh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is used as one of the main protective factors against various pathological processes, as it regulates cells resistant to oxidation. Several studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb), and the development of various human diseases. These metals have been reported to be able to, directly and indirectly, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress in various organs. Since Nrf2 signaling is important in maintaining redox status, it has a dual role depending on the specific biological context. On the one hand, Nrf2 provides a protective mechanism against metal-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it can induce metalinduced carcinogenesis upon prolonged exposure and activation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the latest knowledge on the functional interrelation between toxic metals, such as Pb and Nrf2 signaling.
Association between H-type Hypertension and White Matter Hyperintensity
in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Cao Zhiyong , Jiang Jiahu , Zhou Yong , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is related to the increased risk of ischemic
stroke. It is unclear if H-type hypertension (H-type HBP) is associated with periventricular
WMH (PWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) of acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated the
correlation between H-type HBP and the severity of PWMH and DWMH in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in this cross-sectional
observational study. The patients were divided into the following groups: the normal group, the
simple hypertension group (Simple HBP), the simple hyperhomocysteinemia group (Simple
HHcy) and the H-type HBP group. MR imaging and relevant clinical variables were obtained from
the medical records. PWMH and DWMH were rated by using the Fazekas scale (score 0-3). All
patients were defined to have moderate-severe PWMH or DWMH (score 2-3) and no or mild
group (score 0-1). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the
relationship between H-type HBP and the severity of PWMH and DWMH.

Results:
Among 542 patients, 227 had moderate-severe PWMH and 228 had moderate-severe
DWMH. Compared to the no or mild group, patients with moderate-severe PWMH (median age:
73 vs. 63 years) and DWMH (median age: 70 vs. 65.5 years) were older. Compared to the no or
mild group, moderate-severe PWMH and DWMH were associated with a history of ischemic
stroke (moderate-severe PWMH vs. no or mild group 20.7% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.004；moderatesevere
DWMH vs. no or mild group 20.2% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.010); We found that H-type HBP was
an independent risk factor for PWMH (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.34-5.21) and DWMH (OR 3.64, 95%
CI 1.82-7.26) after adjusting for the effect of relevant risk factors.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that H-type HBP is associated with the severity of PWMH and
DWMH in acute ischemic stroke patients, which deserves further prevention measures.
A Combination of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450
(CYP) Enzyme Inhibitor to Explore the Future Prospective of Antiviral
Agents: Evotaz
Authors: Sharma Abha , Sharma Poonam , Kapila Isha , Abbot Vikrant 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Viruses belong to the class of micro-organisms that are well known for causing infections
in the human body. Antiviral medications are given out to prevent the spread of disease-causing viruses.
When the viruses are actively reproducing, these agents have their greatest impact. It is particularly
challenging to develop virus-specific medications since viruses share the majority of the metabolic
functions of the host cell. In the continuous search for better antiviral agents, the United States
Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved a new drug named Evotaz on January 29, 2015 for
the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Evotaz is a combined once-daily fixed drug,
containing Atazanavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, and cobicistat, an inhibitor of the human liver cytochrome
P450 (CYP) enzyme. The medication is created such that it can kill viruses by concurrently
inhibiting protease and CYP enzymes. The medicine is still being studied for a number of criteria, but
its usefulness in children under the age of 12 is currently unknown. The preclinical and clinical characteristics
of Evotaz, as well as its safety and efficacy profiles and a comparison of the novel drug
with antiviral medications presently available in the market, are the main topics of this review paper.
Using Social Vulnerability Indices to Predict Priority Areas for Prevention of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death in Cook County, IL: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Riggins Daniel Patrick , Zhang Huiyuan , Trick William E 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Incidence of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) in the United States has persisted at roughly the same level since the mid-2000’s despite intensive prevention efforts. Disparities in outcomes across racial/socioeconomic lines also persist. These disparities are reflected in the spatial distribution of cases.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to characterize communities where SUID occurred in Cook County, IL from 2015-2019 and predict where it would occur in 2021-2025.

METHODS

This cross-sectional retrospective study used geocoded medical examiner data from 2015-2019 to identify SUID cases in Cook County, IL and aggregated them to census tracts, then to “communities” as the unit of analysis. We compared demographic factors in communities affected by SUID versus those unaffected. We used social vulnerability indicators from 2014 to train a prediction model for SUID Case Counts in each given community from 2015-2019. We applied indicators from 2020 to the trained model to make predictions for 2021-2025.

RESULTS

The analysis was based on 325 cases of SUID in 199 communities. Communities affected by SUID exhibited higher proportions of Black residents at 32% (IQR 6-79) vs. 3% (IQR 2-10) and lower proportions of White residents at 17% (IQR 4-49) vs. 60% (IQR 31-76). A map of communities in Cook County affected by SUID (2015-2019) showed clusters in the South and West regions of the county. Our predictive model showed moderate accuracy when assessed on the training data (Nagelkerke’s R2 of 70.2%). It predicted Austin (17), Englewood (14), Auburn Gresham (12), Chicago Lawn (12), and South Shore (11) to have the largest case counts for 2021-2025.

CONCLUSIONS

Sharp racial and socioeconomic disparities in SUID incidence persisted within Cook County from 2015-2019. Our model and maps identified precise regions within the county for local health departments to target for intervention.
Similar revision rate after cemented and cementless femoral revisions for periprosthetic femoral fractures in total hip arthroplasty: analysis of 1,879 revision hip arthroplasties in the Dutch Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Van Dooren Bart , Peters Rinne M , Jutte Paul C , Stevens Martin , Schreurs B Willem , Zijlstra Wierd P 
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose: Periprosthetic femoral fracture (PPF) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a serious complication, as it often is followed by functional deficits and morbidity. There is no consensus regarding the optimal stem fixation method and whether additional cup replacement is beneficial. The aim of our study was to perform a direct comparison of reasons and risk of re-revision between cemented and uncemented revision THAs following PPF using registry data.Patients and methods: 1,879 patients registered in the Dutch Arthroplasty Registry (LROI) who underwent a first-time revision for PPF between 2007 and 2021 (cemented stem: n = 555; uncemented stem: n = 1,324) were included. Competing risk survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed.Results: 5- and 10-year crude cumulative incidence of re-revision following revision for PPF was similar between cemented (resp. 13%, 95% CI 10–16 and 18%, CI 13–24) and uncemented (resp. 11%, CI 10–13 and 13%, CI 11–16) revisions. Multivariable Cox regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, showed a similar risk of revision for uncemented and cemented revision stems. Finally, we found no difference in risk of re-revision between a total revision (HR 1.2, 0.6–2.1) compared with a stem revision.Conclusion: We found no difference in the risk of re-revision between cemented and uncemented revision stems after revision for PPF.
Website-Based E-Market (E-Patali) Application For Gorontalo City Central Market
Authors: Ahmad Sulistiawati Rahayu 
Published: May 2023

The rapid growth of technology has an impact on the world of marketing, marketing trends are switching from offline to online. The level of consumption of Gorontalo people continues to increase, but the market will only look crowded on any given day or ahead of the religious big day. The current condition, the quiet interest of prospective buyers due to the easy access of technology in online shopping should be used as an opportunity to increase sales of market traders. In addition to selling conventional merchandise can also sell online. The purpose of this research is to produce a website-based e-market application that allows traders in the central market to sell online and increase revenue and reduce operational costs.
An e-commerce app called E-market. This e-market itself is not the first time because already e-markets that work with BRI that can be accessed https://e-pasar.bri.co.id/ but after being searched deeper into the website the Central market is not included in the digital market. The results of this study were later implemented in Gorontalo Central Market traders to increase their sales through online transactions, by not leaving the old sales system (Offline).
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-facilitated resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kiyohara Yuko , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: May 2023

Aims
It remains unclear whether extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) could improve neurological outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR).

Methods
We conducted a systemic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of ECPR versus CCPR for OHCA until February 2023. The main end points were 6-month survival, and 6-month and short-term (in-hospital or 30-day) survival with favorable neurological outcome, defined as a Glasgow–Pittsburg cerebral performance category (CPC) score of 1 or 2.

Results
We identified four RCTs including a total of 435 patients. In the included RCTs, the initial cardiac rhythms were ventricular fibrillation in most cases (75%). There was a tendency towards improved 6-month survival and 6-month survival with favorable neurological outcome in ECPR although it did not reach statistical significance [odds ratio (OR): 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67 to 3.36, I

2
= 50%, and OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.86 to 3.51, I

2
= 35%, respectively]. ECPR was associated with a significant improvement in short-term favorable neurological outcomes without heterogeneity (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.99, I

2
= 0%).

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis of RCTs revealed that there was a tendency towards better mid-term neurological outcomes in ECPR and that ECPR was associated with a significant improvement in short-term favorable neurological outcomes compared with CCPR.