bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on Ankle and Foot Impingement
Authors: Armstrong TM , Rowbotham Emma , Robinson Philip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnkle impingement syndromes are a well-recognized cause of chronic ankle symptoms in both the elite athletic and general population. They comprise several distinct clinical entities with associated radiologic findings. Originally described in the 1950s, advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography have allowed musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists to further their understanding of these syndromes and the range of imaging-associated features. Many subtypes of ankle impingement syndromes have been described, and precise terminology is critical to carefully separate these conditions and thus guide treatment options. These are divided broadly into intra-articular and extra-articular types, as well as location around the ankle. Although MSK radiologists should be aware of these conditions, the diagnosis remains largely clinical, with plain film or MRI used to confirm the diagnosis or assess a surgical/treatment target. The ankle impingement syndromes are a heterogeneous group of conditions, and care must be taken not to overcall findings. The clinical context remains paramount. Treatment considerations are patient symptoms, examination, and imaging findings, in addition to the patient's desired level of physical activity.
Ultrasonography-guided Intervention in the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia
Authors: Martin Silvia , Moriñigo Javier Gomez 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTendinopathy is very common in the foot and ankle. Achilles tendinopathy is a painful overuse injury that often occurs in athletes, especially those who participate in running and jumping sports. Plantar fasciitis is the most frequent cause of plantar pain in the adult heel. Initial treatment of these conditions is conservative. However, in some cases symptoms only improve slowly, and many cases are intractable. When conservative management fails, ultrasonography guided injections are indicated. We discuss the main interventions performed in the foot and ankle for Achilles tendinopathy, retrocalcaneal bursitis, and plantar fasciitis. We describe the different agents that can be used and the various ultrasonography-guided procedures that offer technical and practical information to improve daily clinical practice.
Sternal Pin Used to Close Sternum in Infants after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Xie Wen-Peng , Chen Xiu-Hua , Zhou Si-Jia , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective A retrospective study was conducted to explore the efficacy of bioabsorbable poly-L-lactic acid sternal pins in sternal closure in infants after cardiac surgery.
Methods A total of 170 infantile patients who underwent cardiac surgery were divided into the steel wire group (group A), the PDS cord group (group B), and the steel wire + sternal pin group (group C). The occurrence of the thoracic deformity was evaluated by vertebral index (VI), frontosagittal index (FSI), and Haller index (HI) values; the stability of the sternum was evaluated by detecting sternal dehiscence and displacement.
Results By comparing the absolute values of the differences in VI, FSI, and HI in the three groups, it was found that the difference values of VI and HI in group C were significantly lower than those in group B (p = 0.028 and 0.005). For the highest deformation index, the deformation rate of infants in group C before discharge and during the 1-year follow-up was lower than that in group A and group B (p = 0.009 and 0.002, respectively). The incidence of sternal displacement in group C was also significantly lower than that in groups A and B (p = 0.009 and 0.009). During the 1-year follow-up, there was no sternal dehiscence, and the sternum healed completely in the three groups.
Conclusion The use of “steel wire + sternal pin” for sternal closure in infants after cardiac surgery can reduce the occurrence of sternal deformity, reduce anterior and posterior displacement of the sternum, and improve sternal stability.
Rigorous index theory for one-dimensional interacting topological insulators
Authors: Tasaki Hal 
Published: May 2023

We present a rigorous but elementary index theory for a class of one-dimensional systems of interacting (and possibly disordered) fermions with U(1)⋊Z2 symmetry defined on the infinite chain. The class includes the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model [Su et al., “Solitons in polyacetylene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1698 (1979); Su et al., “Soliton excitations in polyacetylene,” Phys. Rev. B 22, 2099 (1983); and Asbóth et al., A Short Course on Topological Insulators: Band-Structure Topology and Edge States in One and Two Dimensions, Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, 2016)] as a special case. For any locally unique gapped (fixed-charge) ground state of a model in the class, we define a Z2 index in terms of the sign of the expectation value of the local twist operator. We prove that the index is topological in the sense that it is invariant under continuous modification of models in the class with a locally unique (fixed-charge) gapped ground state. This establishes that any path of models in the class that connects the two extreme cases of the SSH model must go through a phase transition. Our rigorous Z2 classification is believed to be optimal for the class of models considered here. We also show an interesting duality of the index and prove that any topologically nontrivial model in the class has a gapless edge excitation above the ground state when defined on the half-infinite chain. The results extend to other classes of models, including the extended Hubbard model. Our strategy to focus on the expectation value of local unitary operators makes the theory intuitive and conceptually simple. This paper also contains a careful discussion about the notion of unique gapped ground states of a particle system on the infinite chain. (There are two lecture videos in which the main results of this paper are discussed [H. Tasaki, “Rigorous index theory for one-dimensional interacting topological insulators: A brief introduction,” online lecture (21:41), November, 2021, seehttps://www.gakushuin.ac.jp/~881791/OL/#Index1DTI2021S and https://youtu.be/ypGVb3eYrpg and H. Tasaki, “Rigorous index theory for one-dimensional interacting topological insulators: With a pedagogical introduction to the topological phase transition in the SSH model,” online lecture (49:07), November, 2021, see https://www.gakushuin.ac.jp/~881791/OL/#Index1DTI2021L and https://youtu.be/yxZYOevV2Y].
CLIL in Spain and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thuy , Llinares Ana 
Published: May 2023

This study is based on the comparison between two Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) contexts – in
Madrid, Spain and in Hanoi, Vietnam – with a focus on teachers’ use of oral corrective feedback in classroom interaction at the primary
school level. The model of corrective feedback (CF) developed by Lyster and Ranta
(1997) and reproduced in Lyster and Mori (2006) was adapted for the analysis
of teachers’ CF on errors of form and learners’ uptake. Participants of the study include three Spanish-native teachers in three
bilingual schools in Madrid and four Vietnamese-native teachers in two bilingual schools in Hanoi, all at the primary school
level. All classroom data was collected in CLIL natural-science classes in both settings. Results from the study showed that the
overall CF patterns were very similar in both contexts with recasts as the most frequent CF type, followed by prompts and explicit
correction. More specific differences were observed in the levels of uptake and repair following each type used by different
teachers across the two contexts.
閩南語的去鼻化音變與原始沿海閩語的清響音
Authors: Shen Ruiqing 
Published: May 2023

抽象的
本文希望能在前人研究的基礎上更合理地解釋閩南語去鼻化音變(Denasalization)的來龍去脈。首先，本文觀察到閩南語的去鼻化現象中的「詞彙兩分」現象跟中古四聲的聲調兩分存在關聯，且詞彙條件完全一致，兩者的相關性只能用一個同時存在清濁兩套鼻音的階段來解釋，即去鼻化音變發生在清濁鼻音合併之前。其次，本文發現閩南語的去鼻化符合世界語言去鼻化音變的普遍規律：它發生在鼻化元音出現與濁塞音消失之後。最後，本文也梳理了閩南語去鼻化音變及其相關音變的條件與相對順序，構擬了原始沿海閩語表現為清響音的語素，並討論了它跟客家話的聯繫。
Provable sample-efficient sparse phase retrieval initialized by truncated power method
Authors: Cai Jian-Feng , Li Jingyang , You Juntao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the sparse phase retrieval problem, recovering an s-sparse length-n signal from m magnitude-only measurements. Two-stage non-convex approaches have drawn much attention in recent studies. Despite non-convexity, many two-stage algorithms provably converge to the underlying solution linearly when appropriately initialized. However, in terms of sample complexity, the bottleneck of those algorithms with Gaussian random measurements often comes from the initialization stage. Although the refinement stage usually needs only

m
=
Ω
(
s
log
n
)

measurements, the widely used spectral initialization in the initialization stage requires

m
=
Ω
(

s
2

log
n
)

measurements to produce a desired initial guess, which causes the total sample complexity order-wisely more than necessary. To reduce the number of measurements, we propose a truncated power method to replace the spectral initialization for non-convex sparse phase retrieval algorithms. We prove that

m
=
Ω
(

s
ˉ

s
log
n
)

measurements, where

s
ˉ

is the stable sparsity of the underlying signal, are sufficient to produce a desired initial guess. When the underlying signal contains only very few significant components, the sample complexity of the proposed algorithm is

m
=
Ω
(
s
log
n
)

and optimal. Numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed method is more sample-efficient than state-of-the-art algorithms.
A novel electromagnetic micropump with PDMS membrane supported by a stainless-steel microstructure
Authors: Dehghan Mohammad , Tahmasebipour Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a main component, membrane micropumps play a key role in developing microfluidic systems. This part pumps fluids by deflecting a membrane using a micro-actuator with a deflection range of a few micrometers during a few seconds. Most electromagnetic micropumps have low lifetime and fracture toughness or low recovery speed. Micropumps with metallic mass-spring structures can overcome the mentioned disadvantages or limitations. This study investigated the fabrication and characterization of a novel electromagnetic micropump. The proposed micropump consists of a stainless-steel mass-spring structure, a polydimethylsiloxane body and membrane, a permanent NdFeB magnet, a micro-coil, and a 3D printed spacer. To characterize the micropump, the effects of the frequency and duty cycle of the electric current applied to the micro-coil on the micropump flow rate and the membrane deflection vs. time were investigated. A membrane deflection of ±8 µm was obtained in 4 s by applying 1000 mA electrical current to the micro-coil. The maximum volumetric flow rate of 523 nl s−1 was obtained at a frequency of 125 mHz and a duty cycle of 50%. The von Mises stress distribution in the micropump membrane and variations of the fluid velocity in the microchannels were analyzed using the finite element method.
Study on arc duration and erosion characteristics of cable electrodes in AC series circuits
Authors: Gao Zishan , Yang Rui , Yang Wenjie , Yao Yina , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Arc duration and erosion characteristics of cables are closely related to electrical fire hazards. In this study, the arc duration and arc erosion characteristics of copper and aluminum core cables were explored. The main erosion modes of copper core cable with mica insulation (HC0) and aluminum core cable with polyimide (PI) insulation (HA0) were determined. Results show that several large molten droplets with diameters of 5 ± 0.5 mm would drip down from the molten pool on the cable end during arcing of HC0, but the molten droplets are adhered to the molten pool and do not drip down during arcing of HA0. We concluded that the differences in melting energy and oxide film between copper and aluminum are the main reasons for this phenomenon. Besides, the molten pool can be formed on the cable end as the insulation is heatproof, which plays a vital role in prolonging the arc duration of cables. The arc duration of cables with heatproof insulation is longer than those with common insulation. This means that the cables with heatproof insulation have higher fire hazards from the perspective of arc duration. To further understand the influence of molten pools on arc duration, an arc duration model was developed based on energy balance, which is beneficial in determining the arc duration of cables with heatproof insulation in electrical fire accident investigation.
Towards in-line real-time characterization of roll-to-roll produced ZTO/Ag/ITO thin films by hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Dogan-Surmeier Susanne , Gruber Florian , Bieder Steffen , Schlenz Patrick , Paulus Michael , Albers Christian , Schneider Eric , Thiering Nicola , Maurer Christian , Tolan Metin , Wollmann Philipp , Cornelius Steffen , Sternemann Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Large area manufacturing processes of thin films such as large-area vacuum roll-to-roll coating of dielectric and gas permeation barrier layers in industry require a precise control of e.g. film thickness, homogeneity, chemical compositions, crystallinity and surface roughness. In order to determine these properties in real time, hyperspectral imaging is a novel, cost-efficient, and fast tool as in-line technology for large-area quality control. We demonstrate the application of hyperspectral imaging to characterize the thickness of thin films of the multilayer system ZTO/Ag/ITO produced by roll-to-roll magnetron sputtering on 220 mm wide polyethylene terephthalate substrate. X-ray reflectivity measurements are used to determine the thickness gradients of roll-to-roll produced foils with sub nanometer accuracy that serve as ground truth data to train a machine learning model for the interpretation of the hyperspectral imaging spectra. Based on the model, the sub-layer thicknesses on the complete substrate foil area were predicted which demonstrates the capabilities of this approach for large-scale in-line real-time quality control for industrial applications.
Visual characterization of pollution and moisture parameters of the polluted HTV silicone rubber surface with hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Xia Changjie , Ren Ming , Wang Kai , Li Qianyu , Guan Haobin , Dong Ming , Zhang Tao , Miao Jin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The application of high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber materials in transmission lines insulators has been extensive. However, with the accumulation of pollution and moisture on the surface of HTV silicone rubber, the insulation reliability gradually decreases, which may even lead to flashover. In this paper, hyperspectral imaging technology is utilized as a rapid and effective tool for the visual characterization of pollution and moisture parameters of the polluted HTV silicone rubber. Based on the analysis of reflection spectra, it has been determined that the pollution degree has a positive effect and the moisture content has a negative effect on the reflection characteristics of HTV silicone rubber, respectively. Further quantitative analysis of reflectance values at various moisture conditions reveals that exponential relationships can be observed between reflectance values and moisture contents at a certain wavelength. At the same time, linear correlations between reflectance values and pollution degrees (quantified as equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD)) at a certain wavelength are also proposed. By integrating the exponential and linear relationships, a double-exponential model is formulated to concurrently characterize the ESDD and moisture content (MC). Furtherly, from the perspective of engineering application, to enhance the model’s robustness, a set of equations combining spectral indexes and spectral shape feature parameters is initially formulated for the calculating of ESDD and MC. Given the synchronous inversion and visualization capabilities of pollution and moisture parameters of the polluted HTV silicone rubber surface, the visual characterization model serves as a valuable tool for protecting against pollution flashover failures and designing power equipment insulation.
The impact of light polarization and the nature of modes in the formation of quasi-bound states in the continuum at near-normal incidence
Authors: Prathap N V Satwik , Khokhar Megha , Nair Rajesh V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) is a peculiar resonant mode with an infinite radiative lifetime and quality factor (Q-factor) embedded within the radiation continuum, which find applications in sensing, lasing, and quantum photonics. While an ideal BIC with an infinite Q-factor can only occur in theory, observing quasi-BIC in realistic samples with finite sizes is possible. However, the robustness of quasi-BIC depends primarily on the trapped electromagnetic modes. Here, we discuss the polarization dependence and the nature of quasi-BIC mode in a two-dimensional array of gallium arsenide (GaAs) scatterers through finite difference time domain simulations and analytical calculations. The calculated angle- and polarization-dependent transmission spectra show quasi-BIC evolution with high Q-factor at near-normal incidence only for transverse magnetic polarization. The calculated total scattering cross-section implies the dominant contribution from electric dipole moments in generating the quasi-BIC. The evolution of quasi-BIC mode is discussed in terms of Mie or Fabry–Perot modes using geometry-dependent transmission and field intensity calculations. The proposed GaAs metasurfaces with quasi-BIC at 638 nm, corresponding to the zero phonon line of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are useful for applications in photonic quantum technologies.
A low sampling rate method for the monopole UWB impulse parameter monitoring using waveform transformation
Authors: Zhang Shenda , Xie Shuguo , Li Yinghan , Yang Meiling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse parameter monitoring, amplitude and pulse width measurements are crucial for detecting and classifying unknown impulse signals. Meanwhile, mass sampling data and the complexity of the current measurement technologies are the limitations of real-time and continuous monitoring. It urges to adopt a simple method that reduces the sampling rate without sacrificing accuracy. This article suggests a novel approach for the monopole UWB by analog signal preprocessing before sampling. A peak detector and integrator are utilized to retain the impulse amplitude and the area inside the impulse for a period, which is the so-called waveform transformation. A low-speed two-channel synchronous ADC samples the output signals from the peak detector and the integrator to determine the amplitude and the area. In the signal process, we demonstrate the concept that pulse width value equals the division of area and amplitude. Due to the distorted amplitude caused by the response time of the peak detector, the relationship between the distorted amplitude, the actual amplitude, and the pulse width is analyzed and examined based on the response function. Finally, the actual amplitude and pulse width are acquired and calculated by solving two equations. In terms of impulse waveform, rectangular and Gaussian waveform factors are developed and applied in the measurement. The proof-of-concept experimental results of a 0.68 V/ 18.8 ns rectangular impulse at a 10 Msps sampling rate is 0.711 V/ 17.00 ns with 4.56 %/ 9.57% relative error, tested and verified.
Minimization of carrier recombination in La2NiMnO6 double perovskite solar cells by optimizing defects and band offsets
Authors: Yadav Neetika , Khare Ayush 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present work, an extensive study has been carried out on the parameters that govern the non-radiative recombination losses associated with the absorber double perovskite material. Four different device configurations have been proposed by incorporating different electron transport layers (ETL) namely tungsten disulfide (WS2), tungsten trioxide (WO3), zinc selenide (ZnSe), and strontium titanate (STO) with La2NiMnO6 (LNMO) double perovskite material as an active layer and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) as a hole transport layer (HTL). In this investigation, the role of band offsets in the collection, transportation, and recombination of charge carriers has been examined in detail. Further, the impact of thickness and the defect positions i.e. shallow defects and deep defects on the photovoltaic (PV) parameters of the cells has been thoroughly elucidated. The ideal barrier height between HTL and back contact (C, Ni, Ag, and Au) at various valence band maximum (VBM) levels has also been investigated for the proper collection of charge carriers. Interestingly, the results of the present simulation reveal that the WS2-based device with configuration FTO/WS2/LNMO/Cu2O/Au shows the highest PCE of 24.08% after optimization. The findings and interpretation of this work demonstrate that La2NiMnO6 an eco-friendly and non-toxic material can be used to produce high-efficiency perovskite devices.
Simulation of efficient Sn/Pb-based formamidinium perovskite solar cells with variation of electron transport layers
Authors: Rani Rekha , Monga Kamil , Chaudhary Shilpi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Numerical modelling on functional Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been performed and compared with Pb-based PSCs by using general-purpose photovoltaic device model software. The effect of variation in active layer thickness and various electron transport layers (ETLs), including tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide, C60, titanium dioxide, phenyl-C61- butyric acid methyl ester, on the photovoltaic parameters of Sn-based PSCs has been investigated. The active layer thickness was observed to be 500 nm, and SnO2 as ETL material resulted in the most efficient PSC. The optimized Sn-based device with formamidinium tin iodide as perovskite active layer shows promising results with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 24.41% compared to 27.49% for formamidinium lead iodide-based device. Further, other photovoltaic parameters for lead free PSC devices are quite comparable as for lead-based devices, showing the potential of Sn-based perovskite material as a fair candidate to replace toxic Pb-based-PSCs.
Electron acceleration by wakefield generated by the propagation of chirped laser pulse in plasma
Authors: Singh Saumya , Mishra Dinkar , Kumar Bhupesh , Jha Pallavi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A study of generation of wakefield and particle acceleration via propagation of linearly polarised, chirped, Gaussian laser pulse in preformed plasma channel is presented. Perturbation technique is used to separate slow and fast varying plasma electron velocities and density. Considering the laser pulse length and amplitude to be evolving along the propagation distance, nonlinear fluid equations are used to derive longitudinal electric wakefields at varying propagation distances for chirped as well as unchirped pulses. It has been seen that longitudinal wakefield amplitude generated by positively (negatively) chirped laser pulses is higher (lower) than the amplitude obtained by unchirped laser pulses. The wakefield amplitudes are optimized with respect to the propagation distance. Further, trapping and acceleration of electrons by the generated wakes, is analysed. Comparing the energy of an accelerated test electron using chirped and unchirped laser pulses, it is shown that positively chirped laser pulses are capable of accelerating test electron to maximum energy using minimum injection energy. Hence, highest energy gain can be obtained by propagation of positively chirped laser pulse in plasma.