bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Resistant Bacterial Species Isolated From Shallow Well Water Situated Close to Graves as a Public Health Menace in Osogbo, Osun State
Authors: Ozabor PT , Oluwajide OO , Akeju AO , Onifade SJ , Olaniyan SO , Olaitan JO 
Published: December 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of well water situated close to graves. Total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC), total coliform count (TCC) and fecal coliform count (FC) were done on nutrient agar, MacConkey and Eosine methylene blue agar, respectively, using spread plate method at incubation conditions of 37℃ for 24 hours for THBC and TCC whereas 44.5℃ for 24-48 hours for fecal coliforms. Membrane filtration was used for Vibrio spp. count on TCBS agar while conventional biochemical method was performed for bacterial identification. Isolated bacteria were subjected for antimicrobial resistant testing using 8 families of antibiotics. Bacteria with MAR index value of ≥75 were sent for genomic identification and sequencing. The average value of the ten water samples analyzed over the period of study had high total suspended solids (mg/l), phosphate (mg/l); magnesium ion (mg/l) contents and a very low dissolved oxygen mg/L content. The THB count was (5.0×107-1.35×108 CFU/ml), TCC count (3.55×105- 1.04×106 CFU/ml), FC count (2.10×105-6.90×105 CFU/ml) while Vibrio spp. count was 45-144 CFU/100 ml and the MPN estimated reading for coliform was also high. The percentage occurrence and MAR index value of the bacteria isolated from the well water, respectively were Vibrio spp. 23%; 75, Klebsiella spp. 20%; 100, Bacillus spp. 14%; 100, Staphylococcus spp. 14%; 62.5, E. coli 12%; 62.5, Pseudomonas spp. 12%; 75, Glycomyces spp. 3%; 100 and Proteus spp. 3%; 50. The closeness of the well to the grave makes the decomposing leachates with high organic, inorganic, biological and poisonous metals sink into the underground aquifers.
Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.12 (1) 2022: 47-53
Clinical outcomes of vinorelbine loading CalliSpheres beads in the treatment of previously treated advanced lung cancer with progressive refractory obstructive atelectasis
Authors: Ma Xu , Zheng Di , Zhang Jie , Dong Yu , Li Lingling , Jie Bing , Jiang Sen 
Published: December 2022

Background: Drug-eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization (DEB-BACE) has been used in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer and has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence. However, DEB-BACE shows a poor therapeutic effect in advanced lung cancer after failure of multiple therapies. This study assessed the effect of DEB-BACE in the treatment of progressive lung cancer with refractory obstructive atelectasis.Methods: Progressive advanced lung cancer patients with refractory obstructive atelectasis were voluntarily enrolled in this study after failure of multiple conventional therapies. Baseline information, DEB-BACE treatment process, and changes in clinical symptoms were recorded. The primary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and improvement rate of dyspnea. The secondary endpoints were time-to-progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and rate of pulmonary re-expansion. Treatment-related adverse events and serious adverse events were analyzed to assess the safety of DEB-BACE. The Cox regression model was performed to analyze the possible factors impacting prognosis of DEB-BACE.Results: DEB-BACE was successfully performed with CalliSpheres beads loaded with vinorelbine in the 20 enrolled patients. ORR and disease control rate were 80% and 85%, respectively, at the first follow-up (43.4 ± 15.26 days). The improvement rate of dyspnea was 85% and 80% at 1 week and 1 month (p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.0001), respectively. TTP was 41.25 ± 14.43 days and 89.55 ± 61.7 days before and after DEB-BACE, respectively; DEB-BACE delayed the progression of advanced lung cancer (p &lt; 0.0001). OS was 238.03 ± 33.74 days (95% confidence interval: 171.9–304.16). The rate of pulmonary re-expansion was 80% at the first follow-up. The reasons for poor prognosis were tumor necrosis, longer disease duration, and pulmonary atelectasis duration (p = 0.012, p = 0.038, p = 0.029). Massive hemoptysis was observed in two cases, and one patient died of asphyxia caused by hemoptysis. Moderate hemoptysis occurred in one case. All three adverse events were considered as the result of the tumor cavity after DEB-BACE.Conclusion: DEB-BACE loaded with vinorelbine is a feasible option for progressive advanced lung cancer with obstructive atelectasis after failure of other treatments.
Increased Caribbean seismicity and volcanism during minima in Earth’s rotation rate: Search for a physical mechanism and a 2030 forecast
Authors: Bilham Roger , Szeliga Walter , Mencin David , Bendick Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

Three quarters of all Mw ≥ 6.6 earthquakes and volcanic eruptions surrounding the Caribbean plate occur preferentially during periods of decadal minima in Earth’s angular spin velocity. This correlation is revealed most clearly as a 4–6 years phase lag following the first derivative of the length of the day (LOD), Earth’s angular deceleration. We show that local strains and displacements resulting from oblateness changes, or plate boundary stresses associated with changes in tropical rotation rates are orders of magnitude lower than those typically associated with earthquake or volcano triggering. Notwithstanding the absence of a satisfactory causal physical mechanism, the relationship permits decadal trends in Caribbean tectonic hazards to be anticipated many years before their occurrence. The next period of increased tectonic activity in the Caribbean, corresponding to a probable slowing in Earth’s spin rate, will occur in the decade starting on or about 2030.
Association between weight change and risk of metabolic abnormalities in non-overweight/obese and overweight/obese population: A retrospective cohort study among Chinese adults
Authors: Dai Yanyan , Li Yujuan , Yang Shu , Xu Weiwei , Jia Hong , Yang Chao 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the effects of weight change on the risk of metabolic abnormalities in the Chinese population.MethodsA total of 1895 metabolically healthy adults aged 21–78 years completed anthropometric and biological measurements at baseline (2012) and at an eight year follow-up (2020). Based on absolute weight change and relative weight change, the participants were split into five classes. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risk of metabolic abnormalities using stable weight as the reference group. Stratified analysis was used to explore this relationship in participants with different baseline body mass index (BMI) levels.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 35.41% of the participants retained a stable weight, and 10.71% had metabolic abnormalities. After covariate adjustment, for every kilogram gained over eight years, the risk of developing metabolic abnormalities increased by 22% (RR: 1.094; 95% CI: 1.063–1.127). Compared with stable weight participants, weight gain of 2–4 Kg and weight gain ≥ 4 Kg exhibited significantly higher risks of metabolic abnormalities, with RR of 1.700 (95% CI 1.150–2.513) and 1.981 (95% CI 1.372–2.859), respectively. A weight gain of ≥ 4 Kg had an opposite effect on the overweight/obesity and non-overweight/obesity groups, with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities only in the non-overweight/obesity group (RR, 2.291; 95% CI, 1.331–3.942). Moreover, weight loss ≥ 4 Kg significantly reduced the risk of metabolic abnormalities only among overweight/obese adults (RR 0.373; 95% CI 0.154–0.906). Similar results were observed in relative body weight change analyses.ConclusionsLong-term excessive body weight gain is positively associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities among adults with non-overweight/obesity, whereas long-term body weight loss is a protective factor for metabolic health among adults with overweight/obesity.
Glycosylation-related molecular subtypes and risk score of hepatocellular carcinoma: Novel insights to clinical decision-making
Authors: Shi Yanlong , Wang Yizhu , Yang Rui , Zhang Wenning , Zhang Yu , Feng Kun , Lv Qingpeng , Niu Kaiyi , Chen Jiping , Li Li , Zhang Yewei 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, seriously affecting human community health and care. Emerging evidence has shown that aberrant glycosylation is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of glycosylation-related genes in HCC has notbeen reported.MethodsWeighted gene coexpression network analysis and non-negative matrix factorization analysis were applied to identify functional modules and molecularm subtypes in HCC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression was used to construct the glycosylation-related signature. The independent prognostic value of the risk model was confirmed and validated by systematic techniques, including principal component analysis, T-distributed random neighbor embedding analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the ROC curve, multivariate Cox regression, the nomogram, and the calibration curve. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were evaluated by the immune microenvironment and potential biological processes. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to verify the expression of five genes.ResultsWe identified the glycosylation-related genes with bioinformatics analysis to construct and validate a five-gene signature for the prognosis of HCC patients. Patients with HCC in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis. The risk score could be an independent factor and was associated with clinical features, such as the grade and stage. The nomogram exhibited an accurate score that included the risk score and clinical parameters. The infiltration levels of antitumor cells were upregulated in the low-risk group, including B_cells, Mast_cells, neutrophils, NK_cells, and T_helper_cells. Moreover, glycosylation was more sensitive to immunotherapy, and may play a critical role in the metabolic processes of HCC, such as bile acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the five-gene messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were overexpressed in HCC cells and tissues.ConclusionsThe glycosylation-related signature is effective for prognostic recognition, immune efficacy evaluation, and substance metabolism in HCC, providing a novel insight for therapeutic target prediction and clinical decision-making.
Two distinct resident macrophage populations coexist in the ovary
Authors: Li Nianyu , Li Zhuqing , Fang Fang , Zhu Chendi , Zhang Wenzhe , Lu Yueshuang , Zhang Rongrong , Si Pinxin , Bian Yuehong , Qin Yingying , Jiao Xue 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionTissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are highly heterogeneous and have a complex and important role in tissue support, homeostasis, and function. The heterogeneity, maintenance, and function of TRMs, as one of the major immune cells in the ovary, are not well understood.MethodsApplication of flow cytometry, Parabiosis, Fate mapping, Macrophage depletion, etc.ResultsHere, we described two distinct macrophage subsets, F4/80hiCD11bint and F4/80intCD11bhi, with different phenotypic characteristics in the ovary of mice. The F4/80hiCD11bint population contained a distinct CD206+ subgroup and highly expressed CD81, while the F4/80intCD11bhi subset showed higher expression of CCR2 and TLR2. Notably, Ly6c+ macrophages were present almost exclusively in the F4/80intCD11bhi subpopulation. Combining in vivo fate mapping and parabiotic mouse models, we characterized the longevity and replenishment of the two macrophage populations. We found that both the F4/80hiCD11bint and F4/80intCD11bhi subsets were ovary-resident. Importantly, the F4/80hiCD11bint macrophages acted as a self-maintaining and long-lived population with a modest monocyte contribution at a steady state, and the F4/80intCD11bhi subpopulation had a relatively short lifespan with a greater contribution from monocytes. After macrophage ablation, disturbance of estradiol secretion and ovarian hemorrhage due to damaged vascular integrity was observed in mice.DiscussionOur data provide critical insights into ovarian macrophage heterogeneity and highlight the strategic role of TRMs in ovarian homeostasis and physiology.
Pyroptosis relates to tumor microenvironment remodeling and prognosis: A pan-cancer perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Ai Meiling , Du Kunpeng , Song Jingjing , Wang Baiyao , Lin Jie , Ren Anbang , Chen Chengcong , Huang Zhong , Qiu Wenze , Zhang Jiangyu , Tian Yunhong , Yuan Yawei 
Published: December 2022

Background and aimPyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death implicated in inflammation and disease. Moreover, inducing pyroptosis has been appreciated as anti-cancer therapy for its ability to unleash anti-cancer immune responses.MethodsUtilizing the data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), pyroptosis-related genes’ (PRGs) expression, genomic aberrations, and clinical significance were systematically analyzed in pan-cancer. A GSVA score was obtained to rate pyroptosis level and divide the cancers into pyroptosis-low and pyroptosis-high groups. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the differential expression of major PRGs (GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME, NLRP3, NLRC4, IL1B) in selected tumor types (COAD, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC). Selection of tumors for immunohistochemistry (IHC) was based on their expression pattern in TCGA cancers, clinical relevance, tumor epidemiology, and sample availability.ResultsDifferential expression of PRGs was evident in various cancers and associated with prognosis which was driven by genomic variations and epigenetic abnormalities, such as single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variation (CNV) and DNA methylation level. For example, methylation of PRGs in lower grade glioma (LGG), uveal melanoma (UVM) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) were predictive of improved survival as upregulation of PRGs was risky in these cancers. Pyroptosis level significantly differentiated tumor from normal samples in 15 types of cancers, exhibited a progressive trend with cancer stage, observed variation among cancer subtypes, and showed a significant association with cancer prognosis. Higher pyroptosis level was associated with worst prognosis in majority of the cancers in terms of OS (KIRC, LGG, and UVM), PFS (GBM, KIRC, LGG, PRAD, THCA, and THYM) and DSS (KIRC and LGG) as estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Moreover, Pyroptosis level was strongly indicative of a hot tumor immune microenvironment with high presence of CD8+ T cell and other T cell subtypes. Several oncogenic pathways, such as P53 pathway, DNA repair, KRAS signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), IL6 JAK STAT3 signaling, IL2 STAT5 signaling, PI3K AKT MTOR signaling and angiogenesis, were enriched in pyroptosis-hi subgroups across cancers.ConclusionsGenetic alterations in PRGs greatly influence the pyroptosis level and cancer prognosis. A relatively hot tumor immune microenvironment was associated with pyroptosis irrespective of the cancer prognosis. Overall, our study reveals the critical role of pyroptosis in cancer and highlights pyroptosis-based therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Elevated inflammatory fecal immune factors in men who have sex with men with HIV associate with microbiome composition and gut barrier function
Authors: Littlefield Katherine M. , Schneider Jennifer M. , Neff Charles P. , Soesanto Victoria , Siebert Janet C. , Nusbacher Nichole M. , Moreno-Huizar Nancy , Cartwright Ian M. , Armstrong Abigail J. S. , Colgen Sean P. , Lozupone Catherine A. , Palmer Brent E. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPeople living with HIV infection (PLWH) exhibit elevated levels of gastrointestinal inflammation. Potential causes of this inflammation include HIV infection and associated immune dysfunction, sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) and gut microbiome composition.MethodsTo better understand the etiology of gastrointestinal inflammation we examined levels of 28 fecal soluble immune factors (sIFs) and the fecal microbiome in well-defined cohorts of HIV seronegative MSM (MSM-SN), MSM with untreated HIV infection (MSM-HIV) and MSM with HIV on anti-retroviral treatment (MSMART). Additionally, fecal solutes from these participants were used to stimulate T-84 colonic epithelial cells to assess barrier function.ResultsBoth MSM cohorts with HIV had elevated levels of fecal calprotectin, a clinically relevant marker of GI inflammation, and nine inflammatory fecal sIFs (GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-12/23, IL-15, IL-16, TNF-β, VCAM-1, and VEGF). Interestingly, four sIFs (GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IL-7 and IL-12/23) were significantly elevated in MSM-SN compared to seronegative male non-MSM. Conversely, IL-22 and IL-13, cytokines beneficial to gut health, were decreased in all MSM with HIV and MSM-SN respectively. Importantly, all of these sIFs significantly correlated with calprotectin, suggesting they play a role in GI inflammation. Principal coordinate analysis revealed clustering of fecal sIFs by MSM status and significant associations with microbiome composition. Additionally, fecal solutes from participants in the MSM-HIV cohort significantly decreased colonic transcellular fluid transport in vitro, compared to non-MSM-SN, and this decrease associated with overall sIF composition and increased concentrations of eight inflammatory sIFs in participants with HIV. Lastly, elevated levels of plasma, sCD14 and sCD163, directly correlated with decreased transcellular transport and microbiome composition respectively, indicating that sIFs and the gut microbiome are associated with, and potentially contribute to, bacterial translocation.ConclusionTaken together, these data demonstrate that inflammatory sIFs are elevated in MSM, regardless of HIV infection status, and are associated with the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier function.
Oral supplementation with yeast β-glucans improves the resolution of Escherichia coli-associated inflammatory responses independently of monocyte/macrophage immune training
Authors: Walachowski Sarah , Breyne Koen , Secher Thomas , Cougoule Céline , Guzylack-Piriou Laurence , Meyer Evelyne , Foucras Gilles , Tabouret Guillaume 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionConfronted with the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance, the development of alternative strategies to limit the use of antibiotics or potentiate their effect through synergy with the immune system is urgently needed. Many natural or synthetic biological response modifiers have been investigated in this context. Among them, β-glucans, a type of soluble or insoluble polysaccharide composed of a linear or branched string of glucose molecules produced by various cereals, bacteria, algae, and inferior (yeast) and superior fungi (mushrooms) have garnered interest in the scientific community, with not less than 10,000 publications over the last two decades. Various biological activities of β-glucans have been reported, such as anticancer, antidiabetic and immune-modulating effects. In vitro, yeast β-glucans are known to markedly increase cytokine secretion of monocytes/macrophages during a secondary challenge, a phenomenon called immune training.MethodsHere, we orally delivered β-glucans derived from the yeast S. cerevisiae to mice that were further challenged with Escherichia coli,Resultsβ-glucan supplementation protected the mice from E. coli intraperitoneal and intra-mammary infections, as shown by a lower bacterial burden and greatly diminished tissue damage. Surprisingly, this was not associated with an increased local immune response. In addition, granulocyte recruitment was transient and limited, as well as local cytokine secretion, arguing for faster resolution of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ex-vivo evaluation of monocytes/macrophages isolated or differentiated from β-glucan-supplemented mice showed these cells to lack a trained response versus those from control mice.ConclusionIn conclusion, dietary β-glucans can improve the outcome of Escherichia coli infections and dampen tissue damages associated to excessive inflammatory response. The mechanisms associated with such protection are not necessarily linked to immune system hyper-activation or immune training.
Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia without obesity and sarcopenic obesity among Chinese community older people in suburban area of Shanghai: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lu Linqian , He Xiangfeng , Song Yanping , Zhuang Min , Wu Xie , Chen Nan 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia without obesity (S) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) among community-dwelling older people in the Chongming District of Shanghai, China, according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 Consensus as the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,407 subjects aged ≥65 years were included, where the mean age of the subjects was 71.91 ± 5.59 years and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.65 ± 3.32 kg/m2. According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 Consensus, sarcopenia was defined as a low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (≤7.0 kg/m2 in males and ≤5.7 kg/m2 in females), decreased handgrip strength (&lt;28.0 kg in males and &lt;18.0 kg in females), and/or low gait speed (&lt;1.0 m/s) or poor 5-time chair stand test (5CST) (≥12s). The SO met both the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and obesity, meanwhile obesity was defined as an increased percentage of body fat (PBF) (≥25% in males and ≥35% in females). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the risk factors of both S and SO.ResultsThe prevalence of S and SO was 9.74% (M: 9.29%, F: 10.05%) and 9.95% (M: 13.94%, F: 7.14%). Lower BMI (OR = 0.136, 95% CI: 0.054–0.340, p &lt; 0.001), lower hip circumference (OR = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.816–0.903, p &lt; 0.001), farming (OR = 1.632, 95% CI: 1.053–2.530, p = 0.028), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (OR = 2.235, 95% CI: 1.484–3.367, p &lt; 0.001), and a sleep duration &lt;7 h (OR = 0.561, 95% CI: 0.346–0.909, p = 0.019) were risk factors for S. While aging (70–74 y, OR = 1.923, 95% CI: 1.122–3.295, p = 0.017; 75–79 y, OR = 3.185, 95% CI: 1.816–5.585, p &lt; 0.001; ≥80 y, OR = 7.192, 95% CI: 4.133–12.513, p &lt; 0.001), male (OR = 1.981, 95% CI: 1.351–2.904, p &lt; 0.001), higher BMI (OR = 4.865, 95% CI: 1.089–21.736, p = 0.038), higher monocyte level (OR = 4.203, 95% CI: 1.340–13.181, p = 0.014), and a sleep duration &gt;9 h (OR = 1.881, 95% CI: 1.117–3.166, p = 0.017) were risk factors for SO.ConclusionOur study showed the high prevalence of S and SO among community-dwelling older people in the Chongming District. The SO was more prevalent in males. Behavioral factors and lifestyle (such as farming and sleep duration) were associated more with the development of S, while age and male gender were associated more with the development of SO.