bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colloidal synthesis of hexagonal CuFe(SxSe1−x)2 nanoplates with exposed highly active (220) facets for boosting overall water splitting
Authors: Huang Shoushuang , Cong Xiansheng , Ye Tong , Liu Libin , Peng Kaimei , Zhang Lingchao , Bao Jinmei , Gao Pengyan , Chen Qiaochuan , He Qingquan 
Published: March 2023

CuFe(SxSe1−x)2 NPs with adjusted S/Se ratios were synthesized via a hot-injection method, which exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities for water splitting due to the reduced band gap, regulated d-band center, and high exposure of active (220) facets.
Workflow Improvement of Electronic Health Record Usage in a Tertiary Pediatric Burns Clinic
Authors: Tanny Sharman P. Tan , Hsu Rebecca P. , Teague Warwick J. , Truong Diana , Cheng Daryl R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background As a high patient-throughput clinic, the Royal Children's Hospital's multidisciplinary burns clinic's efficiency of clinic workflow and streamlined patient assessment is crucial. The clinic has been using a customized “burns assessment tool” (BAT) as part of its integrated electronic health record (EHR) since 2016.
Objectives The aim was to assess the usage patterns of the BAT at baseline, followed by re-evaluation following interventions to improve efficiency and utilization of the BAT.
Methods This study was a prospective observational time–motion quality improvement study. Observations of 19 clinicians in the pediatric burns clinic by five trained observers using a validated time–motion capture tool (TimeCaT 3.9) to map clinician workflow, with specific reference to time spent on a list of predetermined tasks, were conducted. Baseline data were collected for 7 weeks followed by three cycles of interventions and observations over 5 months.
Results At baseline, the median time for a patient visit was 24.56 minutes (range: 2.78–73.72 minutes, interquartile range: 14.17–27 minutes), with most of the time spent on documentation (34.6%) and patient contact tasks (26.0%). In each of the study cycles, the median time spent on documentation within the EHR was significantly reduced compared with baseline (cycle 1 29.8%, p = 0.08; cycle 2 20.4%, p ≤ 0.01; cycle 3 27.32%, p = 0.04). The time spent on patient contact increased when comparing baseline to data of cycles 1, 2, and 3 (25.96 vs. 33.27% of visit, p = 0.04). There was no significant change in absolute time spent on the BAT during the study.
Conclusion The study findings of clear, significant, and sustained improvement in documentation efficiency and the corresponding increase in patient contact time after interventions were introduced reinforce the importance of integration of an EHR with clinical workflow.
Therapeutic Potency of Mono- and Diprenylated Acetophenones: A Case Study of In-Vivo Antimalarial Evaluation
Authors: Yahya Muhammad H. , Babalola Sodeeq A. , Idris Abdullahi Y. , Hamza Asmau N. , Igie Nosakhare , Odeyemi Isaiah , Musa Aliyu M. , Olorukooba Amina B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMalaria remains a febrile infection of public health concern in many countries especially tropical countries in Africa and certain countries in Southern and North America such as Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Ecuador. Hence this has made research into this area paramount. Acetophenones are active fragments in many compounds with promising antimalarial activity, such as chalcones. The aim of the present study was to investigate antimalarial activity of 3,5-diprenyl acetophenone (I) and 5-diprenyl acetophenone (II) in in vivo. In this study, compounds I and II were synthesized using an aromatic substitution reaction. The in-vivo antimalarial potential of compounds I and II was analyzed in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Our data showed that compound I (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) had promising antimalarial activity, with parasitemia inhibited rate being 68.03, 65.16, and 69.75%, respectively. Compound II dose-dependently inhibited parasitemia levels, it demonstrated an infinitesimally higher activity (72.12%) when compared with compound I (69.75%) at 100 mg/kg dose. The two compounds passed the rule of three, Lipinski's rule of five, predicted plausible pharmacokinetic profile (ADME), and apparent safety profile, and demonstrated drug-like fragments. The study provided guidance in exploring novel antimalarial compounds based on the scaffolds of prenylated acetophenones.
Pneumothorax after CT-Guided Lung Biopsy: What Next?
Authors: Shera Faiz Altaf , Shera Tahleel Altaf , Shah Omair Ashraf , Robbani Irfan , Choh Naseer Ahmad , Shaheen Feroze , Gojawari Tariq Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Pneumothorax is the most common complication of computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy. The asymptomatic rate ranges from 17.5 to 72%. The symptomatic rate requiring chest tube insertion is 6 to 18%.
Aims This article studies the role of management of postbiopsy pneumothoraces by needle aspiration and pigtail catheter insertion.
Methods This was a prospective observational study conducted over 2 years. Postbiopsy and prior to withdrawing the coaxial cannula a CT data set was obtained to detect and quantify pneumothoraces as mild, moderate, and severe. In all asymptomatic cases of mild pneumothorax simple observation was done. In all asymptomatic cases of moderate pneumothorax, immediate needle aspiration was performed. In all symptomatic cases, cases with severe pneumothorax, and cases with progressively enlarging pneumothorax small caliber 6 to 8F pigtail catheters were inserted.
Results Ninety-one cases had mild pneumothorax, 42 had moderate pneumothorax, and 18 had severe pneumothorax. In the 91 patients of mild pneumothorax only 1 (1%) patient showed increase in size of pneumothorax on follow-up requiring catheter insertion. In the 42 cases of moderate pneumothorax, which were managed by simple aspiration of pneumothorax, 4 (9.5%) cases showed increase in size of pneumothorax on follow-up. A total 23 cases required pigtail catheter insertion in our study. These constituted 15.2% of pneumothorax cases. The mean duration of catheterization in our study was 3.74 ± 1.09 days.
Conclusion Majority of pneumothoraces are benign and do not require any intervention, just observation. Manual aspiration is an effective way of treating moderate pneumothoraces with success rate of 90%, thereby reducing the number of cases requiring catheter insertion; however, close observation is required as few cases may progress to severe pneumothorax and require pigtail insertion. Only a small percentage of biopsy cases (6.4%) require catheter insertion which is a safe and effective treatment.
The ion equation of state of plasmas in the warm dense matter regime
Authors: Petrov George M. , Davidson Asher D. 
Published: March 2023

The existing “quotidian equation of state (QEOS)” model [More et al., Phys. Fluids 31, 3059 (1988)] has been revised, and an alternative set of formulas is provided for the Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, heat capacity, and pressure. A novel scheme for constructing the ion equation-of-state is proposed based on the additive of solid and fluid components that act throughout the temperature range, in contrast to the QEOS that matches the thermodynamic parameters at selected interfaces. These components are continuous along with their first and second derivatives and obey limiting cases and thermodynamics laws (Lindemann melting, Dulong–Petit law, Grüneisen pressure law, and ideal gas law). Thus, the new scheme eliminates discontinuities in thermodynamics parameters across interfaces and ensures that the thermodynamics parameters are consistent with each other. The Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, heat capacity, and pressure have been approximated with computationally efficient formulas that can be used as parts of other models, e.g., hydro-simulations.
Nanolamellar phase transition in an additively manufactured eutectic high-entropy alloy under high pressures
Authors: Pope Andrew D. , Iwan Seth , Clay Matthew P. , Vohra Yogesh K. , Katagiri Kento , Dresselhaus-Marais Leora , Ren Jie , Chen Wen 
Published: March 2023

Much is unknown about how phase transitions link to micro-/nano-structures in high-entropy systems, especially under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. This work studies the evolution of dual-phase nanolamellar eutectic high-entropy alloy phases of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 generated by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) for pressures up to 42 GPa. We compare quasi-hydrostatic high pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies on L-PBF printed cylindrical samples up to 5.5 GPa (large-volume Paris–Edinburgh cell) to those carried out on an L-PBF printed foil in a diamond anvil cell where the pressure reached 42 GPa. Our results show that the initially alternating face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) nanolamellar structure of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 transformed into single-phase FCC nanolamellae under high pressure with BCC–FCC phase transformation completion at 21 ± 3 GPa. Our results indicate a diffusionless BCC–FCC transformation in this additively manufactured far-from-equilibrium microstructure and demonstrate that the FCC phase is stable up to very high pressures. The measured equation of state for the FCC phase of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 is presented up to 42 GPa and shows excellent agreement between the data obtained in large-volume press and diamond anvil cell experiments.
A first-principles study of 1D and 2D C60 nanostructures: strain effects on band alignments and carrier mobility
Authors: Shi Yong-Bo , Lv Shu-Han , Shao Zhu-Feng , Dong Hai-Kuan , Cao Shuo , Qian Ping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the breakthrough progress made in the latest experiment Hou et al (2022 Nature
606 507), 2D

C

60

polymer was exfoliated from the quasi-hexagonal bulk crystals. Bulk

C

60

polymer with quasi-tetragonal phase was found to easily form 1D fullerene structure with

C

60

molecules connected by C=C. Inspired by the experiment, we investigate the strain behaviors of 1D and 2D

C

60

polymers by first-principles calculations. Some physical properties of these low dimensional

C

60

polymers, including structural stability, elastic behavior, band alignment and carrier mobility, are predicted. Compared with fullerene

C

60

molecule, 1D and 2D

C

60

polymers are metastable. At absolute zero temperature, 1D

C

60

bears a uniaxial tensile strain less than 11.5%, and 2D monolayer

C

60

withstands a biaxial tensile strain less than 7.5%. At 300 K, ab initio molecular dynamics confirm that they can withstand the strains of 9% and 5%, respectively. Strain engineering can adjust the absolute position of the band edge. In the absence of strain, carrier mobility is predicted to be µ

e
= 398 and µ

h
= 322

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

for 1D

C

60

polymer, and

μ

e
,
x

=
74

/

μ

e
,
y

= 34

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

and

μ

h
,
x

=
646

/

μ

h
,
y

= 1487

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

for 2D

C

60

polymer. Compared with other carbon based semiconductors, these

C

60

polymers exhibit high effective mass, resulting in low mobility.
Electron dynamics in planar radio frequency magnetron plasmas: III. Comparison of experimental investigations of power absorption dynamics to simulation results
Authors: Berger B , Eremin D , Oberberg M , Engel D , Wölfel C , Zhang Q-Z , Awakowicz P , Lunze J , Brinkmann R P , Schulze J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In magnetized capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharges operated at low pressure the influence of the magnetic flux density on discharge properties has been studied recently both by experimental investigations and in simulations. It was found that the magnetic asymmetry effect allows for a control of the DC self-bias and the ion energy distribution by tuning the magnetic field strength. In this study, we focus on experimental investigations of the electron power absorption dynamics in the presence of a magnetron-like magnetic field configuration in a low pressure capacitive RF discharge operated in argon. Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy measurements provide insights into the electron dynamics on a nanosecond-timescale. The magnetic flux density and the neutral gas pressure are found to strongly alter these dynamics. For specific conditions energetic electrons are efficiently trapped by the magnetic field in a region close to the powered electrode, serving as the target surface. Depending on the magnetic field strength an electric field reversal is observed that leads to a further acceleration of electrons during the sheath collapse. These findings are supported by two-dimensional particle in cell simulations that yield deeper insights into the discharge dynamics.
Nonlinear optical refractive index changes of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot under tangent-square potential
Authors: Chang Ceng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate in detail the effects of some factors on the optical refractive index change (RICs) in GaAs/AlGaAs parabolic quantum dot (QD) with tangent-square potential (TSP) in our paper, such as the radius of quantum dot, the depth and width limit potential. In the first place, we increase the limit of tangent square potential in the z-direction of the system, which is based on the original parabolic QD, then the Schrödinger equation corresponding to the modified system is solved, and the expressions of different splitting energy levels and wave functions are obtained. At last, the numerical simulations indicate that these physical factors have a significant effect on the nonlinear optical performances of the tunable system.
Seismic metamaterials based on coupling mechanism of inertial amplification and local resonance
Authors: Li Lixia , Wang Qi , Liu Haixia , Li Ling , Yang Qian , Zhu Chuang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInertial amplification mechanisms could be used to control the propagation of elastic waves in beams and slabs, but it was a difficult problem to apply inertial amplification mechanisms to seismic metamaterials to design low-frequency broadband. This paper presents a inertially amplified locally resonant seismic metamaterial (IALR-SM) using the coupling mechanism of inertial amplification and local resonance. In contrast to the locally resonant seismic metamaterial (LRSM), the large-mass columns as local resonators of IALR-SM are attached to the connector and small-mass columns to form the inertia amplification structures. The finite element method calculates the eigenmodes’ band structure and displacement vector field. Numerical results indicated that the bandwidth of the IALR-SM increases by 194% compared to LRSM for seismic surface waves below 20 Hz. The formation mechanism of the yield in large band gaps is attributed to the coupling mechanism of local resonance and inertial amplification. In addition, the numerical effects of geometric parameters on the band gaps are investigated. The findings showed that the side length of the small-mass columns plays a vital role in determining which coupling mechanism is dominant. Finally, field experiments demonstrated that the IALR-SM generates low-frequency broadband.
Light drag in an optically dense left-handed atomic medium
Authors: Ali Hazrat , Boutabba Nadia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the light drag in an optically dense negative refractive index medium. Our model is a four-level atomic system in which we demonstrate an enhancement of the light drag while keeping the negative refraction condition. Furthermore, we control the shift in the light drag by tuning both the strong coupling field and the detuning. Hence, we observe that the light drag in the negative refractive index material can be controlled to switch from subluminal to superluminal at various ranges of the detuning. Our system suggests a straightforward technique for realizing and controlling light dragging in materials with negative refractive indices, or ‘NRI,’ which might open the way for more efficient use of left-handedness in atomic systems.
Bayesian analysis for a class of α-attractor inflationary models
Authors: X. Linares Cedeño Francisco , German Gabriel , Carlos Hidalgo Juan , Montiel Ariadna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We perform a Bayesian study of a generalization of the basic α-attractor T model given by the potential V(ϕ) = V
0[1-sech
p
(ϕ/√(6α)M
pl)] where ϕ is the inflaton field and the parameter α corresponds to the inverse curvature of the scalar manifold in the conformal or superconformal realizations of the attractor models. Such generalization is characterized by the power p which includes the basic or base model for p = 2. Once the priors for the parameters of the α-attractor potential are set by numerical exploration, we perform the corresponding statistical analysis for the cases p = 1, 2, 3, 4, and derive posteriors. Considering the original α-attractor potential as the base model, we calculate the evidence for our generalization, and conclude that the p = 4 model is preferred by the CMB data. We also present constraints for the parameter α. Interestingly, all the cases studied prefer a specific value for the tensor-to-scalar ratio given by r ≃ 0.0025.
Balance perturbation and error processing elicit distinct brain dynamics
Authors: Jalilpour Shayan , Müller-Putz Gernot 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. The maintenance of balance is a complicated process in the human brain, which involves multisensory processing such as somatosensory and visual processing, motor planning and execution. It was shown that a specific cortical activity called perturbation-evoked potential (PEP) appears in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during balance perturbation. PEPs are primarily recognized by the N1 component with a negative peak localized in frontal and central regions. There has been a doubt in balance perturbation studies whether the N1 potential of perturbation is elicited due to error processing in the brain. The objective of this study is to test whether the brain perceives postural instability as a cognitive error by imposing two types of perturbations consisting of erroneous and correct perturbations. Approach. We conducted novel research to incorporate the experiment designs of both error and balance studies. To this end, participants encountered errors during balance perturbations at rare moments in the experiment. We induced errors by imposing perturbations to participants in the wrong directions and an erroneous perturbation was considered as a situation when the participant was exposed to an opposite direction of the expected/informed one. In correct perturbations, participants were tilted to the same direction, as they were informed. We analyzed the two conditions in time, time-frequency, and source domains. Main results. We showed that two error-related neural markers were derived from the EEG responses, including error positivity (Pe), and error-related alpha suppression (ERAS) during erroneous perturbations. Consequently, early neural correlates of perturbation cannot be interpreted as error-related responses. We discovered distinct patterns of conscious error processing; both Pe and ERAS are associated with conscious sensations of error. Significance. Our findings indicated that early cortical responses of balance perturbation are not associated with neural error processing of the brain, and errors induce distinct cortical responses that are distinguishable from brain dynamics of N1 potential.
Relations between entropy rate, entropy production and information geometry in linear stochastic systems
Authors: Guel-Cortez Adrian-Josue , Kim Eun-Jin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the relation between the concept of ‘information rate’, an information geometric method for measuring the speed of the time evolution of the statistical states of a stochastic process, and stochastic thermodynamics quantities like entropy rate and entropy production. Then, we propose the application of entropy rate and entropy production to different practical applications such as abrupt event detection, correlation analysis, and control engineering. Specifically, by utilising the Fokker–Planck equation of multi-variable linear stochastic processes described by Langevin equations, we calculate the exact value for information rate, entropy rate, and entropy production and derive various inequalities among them. Inspired by classical correlation coefficients and control techniques, we create entropic-informed correlation coefficients as abrupt event detection methods and information geometric cost functions as optimal thermodynamic control policies, respectively. The methods are analysed via the numerical simulations of common prototypical systems.
Development of novel single-die hybridisation processes for small-pitch pixel detectors
Authors: Svihra P. , Braach J. , Buschmann E. , Dannheim D. , Dort K. , Fritzsch T. , Kristiansen H. , Rothermund M. , Schmidt J.V. , Vicente Barreto Pinto M. , Williams M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hybrid pixel detectors require a reliable and cost-effective interconnect technology adapted to the pitch and die sizes of the respective applications. During the ASIC and sensor R&D phase, especially for small-scale applications, such interconnect technologies need to be suitable for the assembly of single dies, typically available from Multi-Project-Wafer submissions. Within the CERN EP R&D programme and the AIDAinnova collaboration, innovative hybridisation concepts targeting vertex-detector applications at future colliders are under development. Recent results of two novel interconnect methods for pixel pitches of 25 µm and 55 µm are presented in this contribution — an industrial fine-pitch SnAg solder bump-bonding process adapted to single-die processing using support wafers, as well as a newly developed in-house single-die interconnection process based on Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF). The fine-pitch bump-bonding process is qualified with hybrid assemblies from a recent bonding campaign at Frauenhofer IZM. Individual CLICpix2 ASICs with 25 µm pixel pitch were bump-bonded to active-edge silicon sensors with thicknesses ranging from 50 µm to 130 µm. The device characterisation was conducted in the laboratory as well as during a beam test campaign at the CERN SPS beam-line, demonstrating an interconnect yield of about 99.7%. The ACF interconnect technology replaces the solder bumps by conductive micro-particles embedded in an epoxy film. The electro-mechanical connection between the sensor and ASIC is achieved via thermocompression of the ACF using a flip-chip device bonder. The required pixel pad topology is achieved with an in-house Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) plating process. This newly developed ACF hybridisation process is first qualified with the Timepix3 ASICs and sensors with 55 µm pixel pitch. The technology can be also used for ASIC-PCB/FPC integration, replacing wire bonding or large-pitch solder bumping techniques. This contribution introduces the two interconnect processes and presents preliminary hybridisation results with CLICpix2 and Timepix3 sensors and ASICs.