bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nexus between Poverty, Inequality and Growth: A Case Study of Cameroon and Kenya
Authors: Epo Boniface Ngah , Baye Francis Menjo , Mwabu Germano , Etyang Martin N , Gachanja Paul M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We conduct an in-depth analysis of the nexus between inequality of opportunity and inclusive growth in Cameroon and Kenya employing cross-sectional data collected over two time periods in each country. Empirical results show that changes in education, health and labour market endowments have large effects on household economic well-being, as proxied by total expenditures per adult equivalent. Employing the regression-based decomposition, we find that effort-based variables are associated with greater Gini inequality compared with circumstance-based variables—more so for Cameroon than Kenya. Among the effort-based variables, education in Cameroon and health in Kenya, are the main correlates of income inequality. The factual and counterfactual distribution analyses undertaken demonstrate that equalisation of human capital endowments is strongly inequality-reducing and further promotes pro-poor growth. Meanwhile, elimination of circumstance disparities in Cameroon reduces Gini inequality, enhances pro-poorness of the growth process, promotes shared-prosperity in urban areas and reduces inequality between the tails of the distribution of well-being. In Kenya, elimination of circumstance-based disparities is pro-poor improving, shared prosperity enhancing, but Gini inequality augmenting. In contrast to the Cameroonian case, equalisation of circumstances increases inequality between the tails of the distribution of well-being. The mechanisms behind these findings are probably the country-specific redistributive policies.
The magnetic field and stellar wind of the mature late-F star χ Draconis A
Authors: Marsden S C , Evensberget D , Brown E L , Neiner C , Seach J M , Morin J , Petit P , Jeffers S V , Folsom C P 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
F stars lie in the transition region between cool stars with dynamo generated fields and hot star fossil fields and offer an interesting window into the generation of magnetic fields in shallow convection zones. In this paper, we investigate the magnetic field of the mature F7V primary of the bright χ Draconis system. χ Dra was observed in circularly polarized light at four epochs from 2014 through to 2019 using the NARVAL spectropolarimeter at the Téléscope Bernard Lyot. Using the technique of least-squares deconvolution, we created high signal-to-noise line profiles from which we were able to measure the radial velocity of both the primary and secondary and use these to improve the orbital parameters of the system. Additionally, we used the technique of Zeeman Doppler imaging to reconstruct the large-scale magnetic field geometry of the primary at the four epochs. The magnetic maps show that χ Dra A has a predominately dipolar poloidal magnetic field at all epochs with the magnetic axis well aligned with the stellar rotation axis. The large-scale features of the magnetic field appear to be relatively stable over the ∼5 yr time base of our observations, with no evidence of any polarity reversals. We used the magnetic field maps to model the wind from χ Dra A at all epochs, showing that the mass-loss from the stellar wind of χ Dra A is 3–6 times the current solar value, while the angular momentum loss from the wind is around 3–4 times the solar value.
A long-acting recombinant FSH supports high-quality mouse follicle development and oocyte maturationin vitroby coordinating somatic and germ cell transcriptomes
Authors: Liu Shao-Yuan , Li Yan-Chu , Tian Xin-Yi , Zhou Yong , Guo Kang-Ping , Fan Heng-Yu , Liang Xing-Wei , Ou Xiang-Hong , Sha Qian-Qian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrategies to maximize individual fertility chances are constant requirements of ART. In vitro folliculogenesis may represent a valid option to create a large source of immature ovarian follicles in ART. Efforts are being made to set up mammalian follicle culture protocols with suitable FSH stimuli. In this study, a new type of recombinant FSH (KN015) with a prolonged half-life is proposed as an alternative to canonical FSH. KN015 supports the in vitro development of mouse follicles from primary to preovulatory stage with higher efficiency than canonical FSH and enhanced post-fertilization development rates of the ovulated oocytes. The use of KN015 also allows us to compare the dynamic transcriptome changes in oocytes and granulosa cells at different stages, in vivo and in vitro. In particular, KN015 facilitates mRNA accumulation in growing mouse oocytes and prevents spontaneous luteinization of granulosa cells in vitro. Novel analyses of transcriptome changes in this study reveal that the in vivo oocytes were more efficient than in vitro oocytes in terms of maternal mRNA clearing during meiotic maturation. KN015 promotes the degradation of maternal mRNA during in vitro oocyte maturation, improves cytoplasmic maturation and, therefore, enhances embryonic developmental potential. These findings establish new transcriptome data for oocyte and granulosa cells at the key stages of follicle development, and should help to widen the use of KN015 as a valid and commercially available hormonal support enabling optimized in vitro development of follicles and oocytes.
Queering Educational Literacy Practices: Interventionist Approaches
Authors: Moita-Lopes Luiz Paulo , Fabricio Branca Falabella 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews research into educational literacy practices that suggest a way of discursively destabilizing frozen notions of sexuality. The review explores questions such as: How can educational literacies collaborate with the reconfiguration of crystalized meanings about gender and sexuality performances? What kind of queer experiences can classroom talk promote? What are some of the meaning-effects produced by the circulation of gender and sexuality discourses in the classroom? The answers to these questions are organized in three groups: interventionist projects observed by a researcher; interventionist projects carried out and evaluated by a teacher-researcher; and projects involving teacher-researcher collaboration. The last group is explored by analyzing empirical data generated in a school in Brazil. The underlying argument is that education may contribute to problematizing an essentialized order that defines and legitimates gender and sexuality. By putting sexuality issues at the front of the educational agenda, the interventionist research in literacy contexts reviewed in this chapter calls into question both the gender divide and the so-called heteronormative matrix that play crucial roles in the ways we have historically learned to (1) understand ourselves and others; and (2) construct patterns of normalcy and deviance.
Sexual Stylistics
Authors: Jódar-Sánchez José Antonio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to survey the field of sexual stylistics and to illustrate the latest analyses within that field. The first section addresses the questions some researchers have asked in their studies about the language of sexuality in literature. The second section lays out the primary trends in this field, including feminist, critical, and corpus stylistics. The third section delves into the main research topics in this field. Special attention is devoted to different genres (e.g., children’s literature or popular fiction), linguistic features (e.g., metaphors or euphemisms), and sexual practices (e.g., masturbation or incest). The fourth section illustrates the trend of corpus stylistics through a computational and discourse analysis of the language of sexuality in the tetralogy Antagonía by Catalan author Luis Goytisolo. The chapter closes with a summary and some guidelines for future research.
SnRK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP39 regulates sorbitol metabolism in apple
Authors: Meng Dong , Cao Hongyan , Yang Qing , Zhang Mengxia , Borejsza-Wysocka Ewa , Wang Huicong , Dandekar Abhaya M , Fei Zhangjun , Cheng Lailiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sorbitol is a major photosynthate produced in leaves and transported through the phloem of apple (Malus domestica) and other tree fruits in Rosaceae. Sorbitol stimulates its own metabolism, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is involved in regulating the sorbitol-responsive expression of both SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (SDH1) and ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE (A6PR), encoding 2 key enzymes in sorbitol metabolism. SnRK1 expression is increased by feeding of exogenous sorbitol but decreased by sucrose. SnRK1 interacts with and phosphorylates the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP39. bZIP39 binds to the promoters of both SDH1 and A6PR and activates their expression. Overexpression of SnRK1 in ‘Royal Gala’ apple increases its protein level and activity, upregulating transcript levels of both SDH1 and A6PR without altering the expression of bZIP39. Of all the sugars tested, sorbitol is the only 1 that stimulates SDH1 and A6PR expression, and this stimulation is blocked by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced repression of either SnRK1 or bZIP39. These findings reveal that sorbitol acts as a signal regulating its own metabolism via SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation of bZIP39, which integrates sorbitol signaling into the SnRK1-mediated sugar signaling network to modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism.
Maize β-amylase7 encodes 2 proteins using alternative transcriptional start sites: Nuclear BAM7 and plastidic BAM2
Authors: Ozcan Kenan E , Monroe Jonathan D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An unusual β-amylase7 (BAM7) gene in some angiosperms, including grasses such as maize (Zea mays), appears to encode 2 functionally distinct proteins: a nuclear-localized transcription factor (BAM7) and a plastid-localized starch hydrolase (BAM2). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), these 2 proteins are encoded by separate genes on different chromosomes but their physiological functions are not well established. Using the maize BAM7 gene as a model, we detected 2 populations of transcripts by 5′-RACE which encode the predicted proteins. The 2 transcripts are apparently synthesized independently using separate core promoters about 1 kb apart, the second of which is located in the first intron of the full-length gene. The N-terminus of the shorter protein, ZmBAM7-S, begins near the 3′ end of the first intron of ZmBAM7-L and starts with a predicted chloroplast transit peptide. We previously showed that ZmBAM7-S is catalytically active with properties like those of AtBAM2. Here, we report that ZmBAM7-S targets green fluorescent protein to plastids. The transcript encoding the longer protein, ZmBAM7-L, encodes an additional DNA-binding domain containing a functional nuclear localization signal. This putative dual-function gene originated at least 400 Mya, prior to the emergence of ferns, and has persisted in some angiosperms that lack a separate BAM2 gene. It appears to have been duplicated and subfunctionalized in at least 4 lineages of land plants, resulting in 2 genes resembling Arabidopsis BAM2 and BAM7. Targeting of 2 products from a single gene to different subcellular locations is not uncommon in plants, but it is unusual when they are predicted to serve completely different functions in the 2 locations.
The global fatty liver disease Sustainable Development Goal country score for 195 countries and territories
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Han Hannah , Mark Henry E. , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Soriano Joan B. , White Trenton M. , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Dirac M. Ashworth ,   on behalf of the GBD Fatty Liver Disease Sustainable Development Goal Collaborators
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:
Fatty liver disease is highly prevalent, resulting in overarching wellbeing and economic costs. Addressing it requires comprehensive and coordinated multisectoral action. We developed a fatty liver disease Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) country score to provide insights into country-level preparedness to address fatty liver disease through a whole-of-society lens.

Approach and Results:
We developed 2 fatty liver disease–SDG score sets. The first included 6 indicators (child wasting, child overweight, noncommunicable disease mortality, a universal health coverage service coverage index, health worker density, and education attainment), covering 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. The second included the aforementioned indicators plus an urban green space indicator, covering 60 countries and territories for which 2017 data were available. To develop the fatty liver disease–SDG score, indicators were categorized as “positive” or “negative” and scaled from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better preparedness levels. Fatty liver disease–SDG scores varied between countries and territories (n = 195), from 14.6 (95% uncertainty interval: 8.9 to 19.4) in Niger to 93.5 (91.6 to 95.3) in Japan; 18 countries and territories scored > 85. Regionally, the high-income super-region had the highest score at 88.8 (87.3 to 90.1) in 2017, whereas south Asia had the lowest score at 44.1 (42.4 to 45.8). Between 1990 and 2017, the fatty liver disease–SDG score increased in all super-regions, with the greatest increase in south Asia, but decreased in 8 countries and territories.

Conclusions:
The fatty liver disease–SDG score provides a strategic advocacy tool at the national and global levels for the liver health field and noncommunicable disease advocates, highlighting the multisectoral collaborations needed to address fatty liver disease, and noncommunicable diseases overall.
Escaping the Long Shadow Cast by Agranulocytosis
Authors: de Leon Jose , Arrojo-Romero Manuel , Verdoux Hélène , Ruan Can-Jun , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Rohde Christopher , Cohen Dan , Schulte Peter F.J. , Kim Se Hyun , Cotes Robert O. , Leung Jonathan G. , Otsuka Yuji , Kirilochev Oleg O. , Baptista Trino , Grover Sandeep , Every-Palmer Susanna , Clark Scott R. , McGrane Ian R. , Motuca Mariano , Olmos Ismael , Wilkowska Alina , Sagud Marina , Anil Yağcioğlu A. Elif , Ristic Dragana Ignjatovic , Lazary Judit , Sanz Emilio J. , De Las Cuevas Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose/Background
A recent article in this journal presented a US perspective regarding the modernization of clozapine prescription and proposed an escape from the long shadow cast by agranulocytosis.

Methods
Here, an international group of collaborators discusses a point of view complementary to the US view by focusing on worldwide outcomes of clozapine usage that may be uneven in terms of frequency of clozapine adverse drug reactions.

Findings/Results
Studies from the Scandinavian national registries (Finland and Denmark) did not find increased mortality in clozapine patients or any clear evidence of the alleged toxicity of clozapine. Data on clozapine-associated fatal outcomes were obtained from 2 recently published pharmacovigilance studies and from the UK pharmacovigilance database. A pharmacovigilance study focused on physician reports to assess worldwide lethality of drugs from 2010 to 2019 found 968 clozapine-associated fatal outcomes in the United Kingdom. Moreover, the United Kingdom accounted for 55% (968 of 1761) of worldwide and 90% (968 of 1073) of European fatal clozapine-associated outcomes. In a pharmacovigilance study from the UK database (from 2008 to 2017), clozapine was associated with 383 fatal outcomes/year including all reports from physicians and nonphysicians. From 2018 to 2021, UK clozapine-associated fatal outcomes increased to 440/year.

Implications/Conclusions
The interpretation of fatal outcomes in each country using pharmacovigilance databases is limited and only allows gross comparisons; even with those limitations, the UK data seem concerning. Pneumonia and myocarditis may be more important than agranulocytosis in explaining the uneven distribution of fatal outcomes in clozapine patients across countries.
Web Search Query Volume Correlates With Prescription Volumes of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics in the Netherlands and United Kingdom
Authors: Van Haaren Paul Cornelis Franciscus , Tijdink Joeri , Gerritse Frank L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The significant increase in Internet availability has resulted in a rise in search queries on health-related topics. Previous research has demonstrated the potential for analyzing web search query volume for nonpsychotropic prescription drugs, while studies on psychotropic drugs remain scarce. The aims of this study were to expand upon this scarce knowledge by investigating the relationship between web search query volumes and prescription volumes of antidepressants and antipsychotics in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and to gain insight in topics of concern, such as withdrawal symptoms and discontinuation.

Methods
Data were obtained for the United Kingdom and the Netherlands from January 2010 until January 2021. Prescription volume data for 5 antidepressants (paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, venlafaxine) and 5 antipsychotics (quetiapine, olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone) were obtained. Web search query volumes and data on related search queries of these substances were acquired from Google Trends. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses were performed.

Results
A strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation between web search query volume and prescription volume was observed for most included substances in both the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The search queries related to the included antidepressants and antipsychotics indicate important topics of concern for specific substances, such as withdrawal symptoms and discontinuation.

Conclusions
Web search data from Google Trends could potentially be used as a proxy for prescribing trends of antidepressants and antipsychotics and to gain insight in topics of concern of users of these substances. These findings highlight the importance of providing reliable patient information, particularly regarding adverse effects, withdrawal, and discontinuation.
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Infections in Schizophrenia
Authors: Malham Kali M. , Miller Brian J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Antipsychotics, particularly long-acting injectable (LAI) agents, are associated with decreased all-cause mortality. Antipsychotics are also associated with an increased prevalence of infections. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of infections in patients with schizophrenia treated with LAIs versus placebo.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed and Food and Drug Administration package inserts for placebo-controlled studies of LAI antipsychotic use in schizophrenia. Random effects meta-analysis calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for any and site-specific infections were performed.

Results
The total study sample consisted of 2559 subjects with schizophrenia, with 867 receiving placebo and 1692 LAI antipsychotics. Long-acting injectable antipsychotic use was associated with a significant 1.75-fold increased odds of any infection versus placebo (2.4% vs 1.5%; odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–2.66; P = 0.008), although findings for specific infections did not reach statistical significance. The association between LAIs and infection was unrelated to study duration, age, sex, body mass index, and total psychopathology.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that LAIs are associated with a small, but significant, increased risk of infections. This association may be due to immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotics.
Multiple Giant Molluscum Contagiosum Mimicking Epidermal Cysts in an HIV-Positive Patient with Miliary Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Ye Wen-Zheng , Fang Mu-Ping 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) is a benign cutaneous viral infection caused by a double-stranded DNA virus of the family poxviridae. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, lesions often spread widely, atypical and don't show signs of self-healing.
Here we report a case of multiple giant Molluscum Contagiosum in an HIV-positive patient with miliary tuberculosis.

Case presentation:
A 26-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of symmetrical exophytic lesions，physical examination showed that these lesions distributed over the bilateral thighs, and some giant papules reached 2 cm in diameter. He had a dry cough with little phlegm production, a low-grade fever, and fatigue for 8 months. The patient was finally diagnosed with MC, miliary tuberculosis and HIV infection. He was given anti-tuberculosis and antiviral treatment，the effect of cryotherapy on MC was unsatisfactory and the patient was lost to follow-up.

Discussion:
Molluscum contagiosum is a kind of infectious disease, which is easy to be diagnosed by clinical manifestations and laboratory examination. It is self-healing in patients with normal immunity, but in patients with immunodeficiency, the rash is often atypical and difficult to treat, and patients are also easy to merge with other microbial infections.

Conclusion:
Clinicians must bear in mind that patients with multiple giant molluscum contagiosum infections need to be excluded of HIV and other infectious diseases to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
Molecular tools for diagnosing diseases of the adrenal cortex
Authors: Faucz Fabio R. , Maria Andrea G. , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
The adrenal glands produce some of the most essential for life hormones, including cortisol and other steroids, and catecholamines. The former is produced from the adrenal cortex, whereas the latter is from the medulla. The two parts are anatomically and functionally distinct and it would be impossible in the context of one short article to cover all molecular updates on both the cortex and the medulla. Thus, in this review, we focus on the molecular tools available for diagnosing adrenocortical diseases, such as adrenal insufficiency, Cushing and Conn syndromes, and their potential for advancing medical care and clinical outcome.

Recent findings
The advent of next generation sequencing opened doors for finding genetic diseases and signaling pathways involved in adrenocortical diseases. In addition, the combination of molecular data and clinicopathologic assessment might be the best approach for an early and precise diagnosis contributing to therapeutic decisions and improvement of patient outcomes.

Summary
Diagnosing adrenocortical diseases can be challenging; however, the progress of molecular tools for adrenocortical disease diagnosis has greatly contributed to early detection and to meliorate patient outcomes.