bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes zoster infection after rituximab induction therapy in patient with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a case report
Authors: Chang Ho-Hsiang , Chen Hsuan , Lin Wei-Hung 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Induction treatment with rituximab—an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody—may increase the risk of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in patients with antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Our case report shows VZV reactivation following rituximab treatment in AAV patients. The recombinant zoster vaccine should be recommended before the start of induction treatment with rituximab.
Possible oral manifestation after vaccination against COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Heboyan Artak , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Marya Anand 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are not absolutely safe, and side effects might include oral manifestations, such as rash on the mucous membrane of the mouth and gingival hypertrophy. A 34-year-old male presented to the university dental clinic with malaise, high fever, weakness, tender gums, gingival hypertrophy, rashes on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and halitosis. Dental professionals must be able to identify and differentiate between lesions of different varieties. This manifestation may be a new feature that can be checked during the history recording and examination part of treatment for patients vaccinated against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.
Obstructed Bochdalek hernia in an adult
Authors: Mohammed Salih , El-Basheir Hatim 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a common neonatal anomaly. Presentation beyond childhood, however, is rare. We report, here, the case of a woman in her 50s who presented with an acutely obstructed posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia. The initial physical exam and radiological results could have led to an erroneous diagnosis of pneumothorax. We wish to emphasize the importance of having a high index of suspicion for this condition when cases with similar gastro-respiratory symptoms are encountered.
Subclinical hyperthyroidism presenting with hypokalemic periodic paralysis in the emergency department
Authors: Kumar Nirdosh , Haider Sohaib , Tariq Anam , Afzal Sara 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) is a condition in which blood levels of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) are normal in the presence of low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Patients with SH have either no symptoms or mild nonspecific symptoms. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is one of the rare presentations of overt hyperthyroidism; however, only a few cases are reported to date to occur with SH. This case report presents a case of a young Asian male who was admitted to the emergency department (ED) with paralysis of the lower extremities that progressed to the upper extremities and neck muscles in 2 days. Clinically, he was euthyroid; however, his thyroid profile revealed normal levels of T3 and T4 with undetectable TSH levels. This case report aims to add to the limited literature on SH that presents with HPP in the ED.
Habitat connectivity and host relatedness influence virus spread across an urbanising landscape in a fragmentation-sensitive carnivore
Authors: Kozakiewicz Christopher P , Burridge Christopher P , Lee Justin S , Kraberger Simona J , Fountain-Jones Nicholas M , Fisher Robert N , Lyren Lisa M , Jennings Megan K , Riley Seth P D , Serieys Laurel E K , Craft Meggan E , Funk W Chris , Crooks Kevin R , VandeWoude Sue , Carver Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spatially heterogeneous landscape factors such as urbanisation can have substantial effects on the severity and spread of wildlife diseases. However, research linking patterns of pathogen transmission to landscape features remains rare. Using a combination of phylogeographic and machine learning approaches, we tested the influence of landscape and host factors on feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVLru) genetic variation and spread among bobcats (Lynx rufus) sampled from coastal southern California. We found evidence for increased rates of FIVLru lineage spread through areas of higher vegetation density. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation among FIVLru sequences was associated with host genetic distances and geographic location, with FIVLru genetic discontinuities precisely correlating with known urban barriers to host dispersal. An effect of forest land cover on FIVLru SNP variation was likely attributable to host population structure and differences in forest land cover between different populations. Taken together, these results suggest that the spread of FIVLru is constrained by large-scale urban barriers to host movement. Although urbanisation at fine spatial scales did not appear to directly influence virus transmission or spread, we found evidence that viruses transmit and spread more quickly through areas containing higher proportions of natural habitat. These multiple lines of evidence demonstrate how urbanisation can change patterns of contact-dependent pathogen transmission and provide insights into how continued urban development may influence the incidence and management of wildlife disease.
Long-Term Exposure to Dust and Noise Can Increase the Risk of Hypertension—A Population Based, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Guo Jianqiang , Liu Yafeng , Hu Chunxiao , Zhang Wenting , Zhou Jiawei , Wang Qingsen , Xing Yingru , Hu Dong , Wu Jing 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to assess whether occupational groups exposed to dust and noise increase their risk of developing hypertension and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods
Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of exposure factors on the occurrence of hypertension, and confounding factors were adjusted to identify independent effects. Stratified analysis and smoothed curve fitting were used to explore the effects in different populations.

Results
Combined dust + noise exposure significantly increased the risk of hypertension in workers (model 1: odds ratio [OR], 2.75; model 2: OR, 2.66; model 3: OR, 2.85). Further analysis showed that when exposed to dust and noise for more than 17 years, the risk of hypertension increased by 15%.

Conclusions
The combined exposure of dust and noise significantly increases the risk of hypertension among occupational groups, especially among workers who have worked for more than 17 years.
A Bayesian network approach to assess the influence of climate change and pesticide use practices on the ecological risks of pesticides in a protected Mediterranean wetland
Authors: Martínez-Megías Claudia , Mentzel Sophie , Fuentes-Edfuf Yasser , Moe S. Jannicke , Rico Andreu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPollution by agricultural pesticides is one of the most important pressures affecting Mediterranean coastal wetlands. Pesticide risks are expected to be influenced by climate change, which will result in an increase of temperatures and a decrease in annual precipitation rates in this region. On the other hand, pesticide dosages are expected to change given the increase in pest resistance and the implementation of environmental policies like the European ‘Farm-to-Fork’ strategy, which aims for a 50% reduction in pesticide usage by 2030. The influence of climate change and pesticide use practices on the ecological risks of pesticides needs to be evaluated making use of realistic environmental scenarios. This study aimed to assess how different climate change and pesticide use practices affect the ecological risks of pesticides in the Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain), a protected Mediterranean coastal wetland. We performed a probabilistic risk assessment for nine pesticides applied in rice production using scenarios comprised of three climatic regimes (the 2008 record, and projections for 2050 and 2100), three pesticide application regimes (the recommended dose, and 50% increase and 50% decrease), and their combinations. The scenarios were used to simulate pesticide exposure concentrations in the water column of the rice paddies using the RICEWQ model. Pesticide effects were characterized using acute and chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions built with laboratory toxicity data for aquatic organisms. Risk quotients were calculated as probability distributions making use of a Bayesian network approach, and best fitting distributions for the calculated exposure data and the SSDs. Our results show that future climate projections will influence exposure concentrations for some of the studied pesticides, yielding higher dissipation and lower exposure in scenarios dominated by an increase of temperatures, and higher exposure for scenarios in which heavy precipitation events occur after pesticide application. Our case study shows that pesticides such as azoxystrobin, difenoconazole and MCPA are posing high ecological risks for aquatic organisms, and that the implementation of the ‘Farm-to-Fork’ strategy is crucial to reduce them, although will need additional measures to eliminate them.
The development of the relationship between auditory and visual neural sensitivity and autonomic arousal from 6m to 12m
Authors: Daubney K. , Suata Z. , Marriott Haresign I. , Thomas M.S.C. , Kushnerenko E. , Wass S.V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe differential sensitivity hypothesis argues that environmental sensitivity has the bivalent effect of predisposing individuals to both the risk-inducing and development-enhancing influences of early social environments,. However, the hypothesis requires that this variation in environmental sensitivity be general across domains. In this study, we focused on neural sensitivity and autonomic arousal to test domain generality. Neural sensitivity can be assessed by correlating measures of perceptual sensitivity, as indexed by event-related potentials (ERP) in electrophysiology. The sensitivity of autonomic arousal can be tested via heart rate changes. Domain generality was tested by comparing associations in perceptual sensitivity across auditory and visual domains, and associations between sensitivity in sensory domains and heart rate We contrasted ERP components in auditory (P3) and visual (P1, N290 and P4) detection-of-difference tasks for N=68 infants longitudinally at 6 and 12 months of age. Domain generality should produce correlated individual differences in sensitivity across the two modalities, with higher levels of autonomic arousal associating with increased perceptual sensitivity. Having controlled for multiple comparisons, at 6 months of age, the difference in amplitude of the P3 component evoked in response to standard and deviant tones correlated with the difference in amplitude of the P1 N290 and P4 face-sensitive components evoked in response to fearful and neutral faces. However, this correlation was not found at 12 months of age. Similarly, autonomic arousal negatively correlated with neural sensitivity at 6 months but not at 12 months. The results suggest neural perceptual sensitivity is domain-general across auditory and visual domains, and is related to autonomic arousal at 6 months but not at 12 months of age. We interpret these findings within a neuroconstructivist framework and with respect to the concept of interactive specialisation. By 12 months of age, more experience of visual processing may have led to top-down endogenous attention mechanisms that process visual information in a way that no longer associates with auditory perceptual sensitivity.
Earthworm and Soil Microbial Communities in Flower Strips
Authors: Bednar Zita , Vaupel Anna , Blümel Simon , Herwig Nadine , Hommel Bernd , Haberlah-Korr Verena , Beule Lukas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlower strips are a common agricultural practice to increase aboveground biodiversity and beneficial ecosystem services. Although soil communities are a key component of terrestrial biodiversity and drive important ecosystem services, their abundance, diversity, and composition in flower strips remain largely unexplored. Here, we shed light on earthworms and soil microorganisms in flower strips and aim to provide a starting point for research on belowground communities in flower strips. In 2020, we established a field margin vegetation as well as two annual and two perennial flower strip mixtures at three study sites in Germany that were previously conventional croplands or fallow. Two years following this conversion, we determined earthworm communities and investigated the soil microbiome using real-time PCR (archaea, bacteria, fungi, and soil-N-cycling genes) and amplicon sequencing (bacteria and fungi). Different plant mixtures (i.e. field margin, annual, and perennial flower strips) harbored distinct earthworm and soil microbial communities. Earthworm density and biomass declined or remained unaffected in annual flower strips but increased in perennial flower strips as compared to field margins. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi showed greater diversity and community share in non-tilled (i.e. field margin and perennial flower strips) as compared to tilled plant mixtures (i.e. annual flower strips). We attribute changes in earthworms and microorganisms mainly to the effect of tillage and plant diversity. Overall, we suggest that perennial flower strips serve as refugia for soil biota in agricultural landscapes. Future studies should compare soil biota in perennial flower strips to those in adjacent fields and investigate whether beneficial belowground effects are restricted to the flower strips or spatially extend into adjacent fields (‘spillover’).
Distinct myofibre domains of the human myotendinous junction revealed by single nucleus RNA-seq
Authors: Karlsen Anders , Yeung Ching-Yan Chloé , Schjerling Peter , Denz Linda , Hoegsbjerg Christian , Jakobsen Jens R. , Krogsgaard Michael R. , Koch Manuel , Schiaffino Stefano , Kjaer Michael , Mackey Abigail L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a specialized domain of the multinucleated myofibre, faced with the challenge of maintaining robust cell-matrix contact with the tendon under high mechanical stress and strain. Here, we profiled 24,161 nuclei in semitendinosus muscle-tendon samples from 3 healthy males by single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq), alongside spatial transcriptomics, to gain insight into the genes characterizing this specialization in humans. We identified a cluster of MTJ myonuclei, represented by 47 enriched transcripts, of which the presence ofABI3BP, ABLIM1, ADAMTSL1, BICD1, CPM, FHOD3, FRAS1andFREM2was confirmed at the MTJ at the protein level by immunofluorescence. Four distinct subclusters of MTJ myonuclei were apparent and segregated into two COL22A1-expressing subclusters and two lacking COL22A1 but with a clear fibre type profile expressingMYH7orMYH1/2. Our findings reveal distinct myonuclei profiles of the human MTJ, a weak link in the musculoskeletal system, which is selectively affected in pathological conditions, from muscle strains to muscular dystrophies.
A high-throughput COPD bronchosphere model for disease-relevant phenotypic compound screening
Authors: Beri Pranjali , Woo Young Jae , Schierenbeck Katie , Chen Kaisheng , Barnes S. Whitney , Ross Olivia , Krutil Douglas , Quackenbush Doug , Fang Bin , Walker John , Barnes William , Toyama Erin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCOPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide, but current therapies for COPD are only effective at treating the symptoms of the disease rather than targeting the underlying pathways that are driving the pathogenic changes. The lack of targeted therapies for COPD is in part due to a lack of knowledge about drivers of disease progression and the difficulty in building relevant and high throughput models that can recapitulate the phenotypic and transcriptomic changes associated with pathogenesis of COPD. To identify these drivers, we have developed a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated bronchosphere assay in 384-well plate format that exhibits CSE-induced decreases in size and increase in luminal secretion of MUC5AC. Transcriptomic changes in CSE-treated bronchospheres resemble changes that occur in human smokers both with and without COPD compared to healthy groups, indicating that this model can capture human smoking signature. To identify new targets, we ran a small molecule compound deck screening with diversity in target mechanisms of action and identified hit compounds that attenuated CSE induced changes, either decreasing spheroid size or increasing secreted mucus. This work provides insight into the utility of this bronchosphere model in examining human respiratory diseases, the pathways implicated by CSE, and compounds with known mechanisms of action for therapeutic development.
Gestational stress decreases postpartum mitochondrial respiration in the prefrontal cortex of female rats
Authors: Gorman-Sandler Erin , Robertson Breanna , Crawford Jesseca , Arishe Olufunke O. , Clinton Webb R. , Hollis Fiona 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPostpartum depression (PPD) is a major psychiatric complication of childbirth, affecting up to 20% of mothers, yet remains understudied. Mitochondria, dynamic organelles crucial for cell homeostasis and energy production, share links with many of the proposed mechanisms underlying PPD pathology. Brain mitochondrial function is affected by stress, a major risk factor for development of PPD, and is linked to anxiety-like and social behaviors. Considering the importance of mitochondria in regulating brain function and behavior, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with behavioral alterations in a chronic stress-induced rat model of PPD. Using a validated and translationally relevant chronic mild unpredictable stress paradigm during late gestation, we induced PPD-relevant behaviors in adult postpartum Wistar rats. In the mid-postpartum, we measured mitochondrial function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) using high-resolution respirometry. We then measured protein expression of mitochondrial complex proteins and 4-hydroxynonenal (a marker of oxidative stress), and Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in PFC and plasma. We report novel findings that gestational stress decreased mitochondrial function in the PFC, but not the NAc of postpartum dams. However, in groups controlling for the effects of either stress or parity alone, no differences in mitochondrial respiration measured in either brain regions were observed compared to nulliparous controls. This decrease in PFC mitochondrial function in stressed dams was accompanied by negative behavioral consequences in the postpartum, complex-I specific deficits in protein expression, and increased Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha cytokine levels in plasma and PFC. Overall, we report an association between PFC mitochondrial respiration, PPD-relevant behaviors, and inflammation following gestational stress, highlighting a potential role for mitochondrial function in postpartum health.
Nodavirus RNA Replication Crown Architecture Reveals Proto-Crown Precursor and Viral Protein A Conformational Switching
Authors: Zhan Hong , Unchwaniwala Nuruddin , Rebolledo-Viveros Andrea , Pennington Janice , Horswill Mark , Broadberry Roma , Myers Jonathan , den Boon Johan A. , Grant Timothy , Ahlquist Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPositive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in virus-induced membrane vesicles, and the resulting RNA replication complexes are a major target for virus control. Nodavirus studies first revealed viral RNA replication proteins forming a 12-fold symmetric “crown” at the vesicle opening to the cytosol, an arrangement recently confirmed to extend to distantly related alphaviruses. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that mature nodavirus crowns comprise two stacked 12-mer rings of multi-domain viral RNA replication protein A. Each ring contains an~19 nm circle of C-proximal polymerase domains, differentiated by strikingly diverged positions of N-proximal RNA capping/membrane binding domains. The lower ring is a “proto-crown” precursor that assembles prior to RNA template recruitment, RNA synthesis and replication vesicle formation. In this proto-crown, the N-proximal segments interact to form a toroidal central floor, whose 3.1 Å resolution structure reveals many mechanistic details of the RNA capping/membrane binding domains. In the upper ring, cryo-EM fitting indicates that the N-proximal domains extend radially outside the polymerases, forming separated, membrane-binding “legs.” The polymerase and N-proximal domains are connected by a long linker accommodating the conformational switch between the two rings and possibly also polymerase movements associated with RNA synthesis and non-symmetric electron density in the lower center of mature crowns. The results reveal remarkable viral protein multifunctionality, conformational flexibility and evolutionary plasticity and new insights into (+)RNA virus replication and control.SignificancePositive-strand RNA viruses - including coronaviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses and many other medically and economically important pathogens - replicate their RNA genomes by virus-encoded machinery that has been poorly characterized. Using an advanced nodavirus model, we identify a major precursor in RNA replication complex assembly and show it to be a 12-mer ring of viral RNA replication protein A, whose single particle cryo-EM structure reveals functional features of its membrane interaction, assembly, polymerase and RNA capping domains. We further show that fully functional RNA replication complexes acquire a second 12-mer ring of protein A in alternate conformation atop the first, and a central density likely to represent another polymerase conformation. These findings provide strong foundations for understanding, controlling and beneficially using such viruses.
UBXN1 maintains ER proteostasis and represses UPR activation by modulating translation independently of the p97 ATPase
Authors: Ahlstedt Brittany A. , Ganji Rakesh , Mukkavalli Sirisha , Paulo Joao A. , Gygi Steve P. , Raman Malavika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential to facilitate proper folding and maturation of proteins in the secretory pathway. Loss of ER proteostasis due to cell stress or mutations in ER proteins can lead to the accumulation of misfolded or aberrant proteins in the ER and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). In this study we find that the p97 adaptor UBXN1 is an important negative regulator of the UPR. Loss of UBXN1 significantly sensitizes cells to ER stress and activates canonical UPR signaling pathways. This in turn leads to widespread upregulation of the ER stress transcriptional program. Using comparative, quantitative proteomics we show that deletion of UBXN1 results in a significant enrichment of proteins belonging to ER-quality control processes including those involved in protein folding and import. Notably, we find that loss of UBXN1 does not perturb p97-dependent ER associated degradation (ERAD). Our studies indicate that loss of UBXN1 increases translation in both resting and ER-stressed cells. Surprisingly, this process is independent of p97 function. Taken together, our studies have identified a new role for UBXN1 in repressing translation and maintaining ER proteostasis in a p97 independent manner.