bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eHydrogenation: Hydrogen‐free Electrochemical Hydrogenation
Authors: Russo Camilla , Leech Matthew C. , Walsh Jamie M. , Higham Joe I. , Giannessi Lisa , Lambert Emmanuelle , Kiaku Cyrille , Poole Darren L. , Mason Joseph , Goodall Charles A. I. , Devo Perry , Giustiniano Mariateresa , Radi Marco , Lam Kevin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogenation reactions are staple transformations commonly used across scientific fields to synthesise pharmaceuticals, natural products, and various functional materials. However, the vast majority of these reactions require the use of a toxic and costly catalyst leading to unpractical, hazardous and often functionally limited conditions. Herein, we report a new, general, practical, efficient, mild and high‐yielding hydrogen‐free electrochemical method for the reduction of alkene, alkyne, nitro and azido groups. Finally, this method has been applied to deuterium labelling.
Constructing Fe‐N4 Sites through Anion Exchange‐mediated Transformation of Fe Coordination Environments in Hierarchical Carbon Support for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zong Lingbo , Fan Kaicai , Cui Lixiu , Lu Fenghong , Liu Porun , Li Bin , Feng Shouhua , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal single atoms (SAs) anchored in carbon support via coordinating with N atoms are efficient active sites to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, rational design of single atom catalysts with highly exposed active sites is challenging and urgently desirable. Herein, an anion exchange strategy is presented to fabricate Fe‐N4 moieties anchored in hierarchical carbon nanoplates composed of hollow carbon spheres (Fe‐SA/N‐HCS). With the coordinating O atoms are substituted by N atoms, Fe SAs with Fe‐O4 configuration are transformed into the ones with Fe‐N4 configuration during the thermal activation process. Insights into the evolution of central atoms demonstrate that the SAs with specific coordination environment can be obtained by modulating in situ anion exchange process. The strategy produces a large quantity of electrochemical accessible site and high utilization rate of Fe‐N4. Fe‐SA/N‐HCS shows excellent ORR electrocatalytic performance with half‐wave potential of 0.91 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH, and outstanding performance when used in rechargeable aqueous and flexible Zn‐air batteries. The evolution pathway for SAs demonstrated in this work offers a novel strategy to design SACs with various coordination environment and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Silk fibroin‐based conductive and antibacterial hydrogels with a dual network for flexible sensors
Authors: Wang Jiangjiang , Zeng Jie , Wu Hui , Zeng Lihua , Xu Shouping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe flexible wearable hydrogel strain sensors for human motion monitoring have attracted broad attention. However, developing a high‐strength hydrogel strain sensor remains challenging and achieves synergistic characteristics such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and conductivity. This work proposes a two‐step UV polymerization method for the preparation of (hydrolyzed silk fibroin (HSF)/polyacrylamide (PAM)/polyacrylic acid (PAA)/poly sulfobetaine methacrylate (PSBMA) composite hydrogels. The monomers AM and AA undergo self‐polymerization and copolymerization. Meanwhile, SF is cross‐linked with them via multiple hydrogen bonds to form the first network. After the second UV initiation, SBMA polymerizes to create the second network. The HSF8%/PAM/PAA/PSBMA2%possesses superior tensile strength (1.49 ± 0.07 MPa) and compressive modulus (21.47 ± 1.07 MPa at 99% strain). The SBMA (4 wt%) endows hydrogels with antibacterial activity (98.53% ± 4.93%). The H+ionized by PAA and the ion channels constructed by SBMA (4 wt%) provide hydrogel with ionic conductivity (0.950 S m−1). The hydrogel could be used as a flexible strain sensor to monitor human joint activity. The natural silk fibroin allows the hydrogel to retain degradability. Therefore, the SF‐based conductive hydrogel shows the potential application in flexible strain sensors.
Assessment of recovery potential for the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus): An application of the IUCN green status process
Authors: Smith David R. , Brockmann H. Jane , Carmichael Ruth H. , Hallerman Eric M. , Watson Winsor , Zaldivar‐Rae Jaime 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

According to an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment (RLA), the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), an iconic coastal species, is at risk of extirpation in some regions within its range where small and vulnerable populations occur. However, the RLA does not consider future status beyond viability and does not attempt to identify the conservation necessary to effectively mitigate threats and recover the species to full ecological functionality. To aid in conservation planning for vulnerable species, the IUCN developed the Green Status of Species assessment (GSA) process to complement the RLA.
This paper describes the application of the GSA process to assess the recovery potential of the American horseshoe crab. First, specific Limulus populations within spatial units for conservation were delineated, and their statuses were defined based on viability and ecological functionality. Then conservation actions were identified that would promote recovery and affect their near‐ and long‐term population status under different conservation scenarios.
Horseshoe crab conservation has relied on, and will continue to depend on, effective harvest regulation. However, as currently conceived, conservation is not expected to mitigate habitat loss at the scale required to restore range‐wide ecological functionality, primarily because habitat loss is widespread and affected by climate change. Thus, the GSA results, while indicating that there is potential for near‐term recovery gains, reveal that long‐term recovery is in doubt owing to expected loss of habitat.
To conserve critical habitats for spawning and early life stages and achieve ecological functionality, it is imperative to identify and develop conservation plans at appropriate spatial scales. Unfortunately, such plans do not currently exist and need to be established. The GSA Green Score can then serve as a metric for monitoring recovery and gauging the effectiveness of conservation implementation.
Limitations of Fast Charging of High Energy NMC‐based Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Numerical Study
Authors: Jasielec Jerzy J. , Peljo Pekka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to answer the question: how to realize high energy and high‐power lithium‐ion batteries. Lithium‐metal and graphite anodes with nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathodes of varying thickness are investigated with finite element modelling. The overpotential analysis is performed to pinpoint the source of losses and the possible ways to decrease them. The electrolyte overpotential, resulting from the salt concentration gradient and leading to saturation and depletion of lithium in parts of the cell is identified as the main factor causing poor specific capacity at high discharge/charge currents. The influence of various parameters, including concentration and transference number of lithium salt in the electrolyte, NMC particle size, electrolyte conductivity and the exchange current density, on the galvanostatic response of modelled battery cells is discussed. The increase of the transference number would improve the performance as this would decrease the electrolyte salt concentration gradient. Lithium depletion effect can be also minimized by elevating the initial electrolyte salt concentration, as well as by increasing the porosity of the cathode, particularly at the cathode/separator boundary.
The transition towards benefit corporations: What are the roles for stakeholders?
Authors: Riso Vincenzo , Tallaki Mouhcine , Bracci Enrico , Cantele Silvia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA benefit corporation (BC) is the legal status of an enterprise that embraces a dual‐purpose business model (BM) of maximising shareholder value while satisfying stakeholders' interests. The literature so far has focussed on the motivations beyond the birth or transformation of BC, the factors that can favour the emergence of BCs, and the results companies achieve after the transformation, as well as studies on the new BCs' legislation. Other studies have examined how the duality of purpose (profit vs. social benefits) can be composed, and the risks of a mission drift favouring profit maximisation in BCs. By drawing on stakeholder theory, this study aims to highlight the role of stakeholders in the process of transformation from a traditional for‐profit BM to a BC model. We adopt a qualitative approach through a longitudinal case study to observe the transition of a small‐medium enterprise into a BC. The results show how management and engagement practices coexist in the relationships with stakeholders and how an instrumental approach prevails.
TMSDNet: Transformer with multi‐scale dense network for single and multi‐view 3D reconstruction
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqiang , Yao Xinsheng , Zhang Junjie , Zhu Mengyao , You Lihua , Yang Xiaosong , Zhang Jianjun , Zhao He , Zeng Dan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract3D reconstruction is a long‐standing problem. Recently, a number of studies have emerged that utilize transformers for 3D reconstruction, and these approaches have demonstrated strong performance. However, transformer‐based 3D reconstruction methods tend to establish the transformation relationship between the 2D image and the 3D voxel space directly using transformers or rely solely on the powerful feature extraction capabilities of transformers. They ignore the crucial role played by deep multi‐scale representation of the object in the voxel feature domain, which can provide extensive global shape and local detail information about the object in a multi‐scale manner. In this article, we propose a novel framework TMSDNet (transformer with multi‐scale dense network) for single‐view and multi‐view 3D reconstruction with transformer to solve this problem. Based on our well‐designed combined‐transformer Block, which is canonical encoder–decoder architecture, voxel features with spatial order can be extracted from the input image, which are used to further extract multi‐scale global features in parallel using a multi‐scale residual attention module. Furthermore, a residual dense attention block is introduced for deep local features extraction and adaptive fusion. Finally, the reconstructed objects are produced with the voxel reconstruction block. Experiment results on the benchmarks such as ShapeNet and Pix3D datasets demonstrate that TMSDNet outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction methods substantially.
Improvement of Photocatalytic Degradation and Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin by Bismuth Oxyiodide
Authors: Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Tu Vu Van , Long Pham Hai , Hien Do Thi , Huong Ngo Thi Thu , Quynh Pham Huong , Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu , Viet Nguyen Minh , Thang Phan Quang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) hierarchical structures were fabricated by the solution route at room temperature (BiOI‐R) and solvothermal synthesis (BiOI‐S) in the presence of KI and ethylene glycol to improve the photocatalytic and adsorption ability for the removal of ciprofloxacin from the aqueous environment. BiOI was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm, UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, and pH of the point of zero charge. It was observed that BiOI‐S has better adsorption and photocatalysis capacity as a result of having higher surface area, higher light absorption ability, and lower band‐gap energy than BiOI‐R. BiOI‐S exhibited good ciprofloxacin adsorption and photocatalytic degradation under visible‐light irradiation. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order models respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by BiOI‐S followed a pseudo‐first‐order reaction based on Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetics.
A comparison of two performance portability metrics
Authors: Marowka Ami 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe rise in the demand for new performance portability frameworks for heterogeneous computing systems has brought with it a number of proposals of workable metrics for evaluating the performance portability of applications. The aim of this article is twofold. First, we analyze the underlying principles of the criteria and definition of the revised Ⴔ metric and show that these principles are partially correct and suffer from a lack of a solid and clear performance portability model. We prove mathematically and demonstrate it practically that the principles are only correct for the architectural efficiency approach based on throughputs but are incorrect for the popular application efficiency approach based on run‐times. Second, we are examining whether the Ⴔ and metrics meet the requirements of consistency, proportionality, and lossless information. We use examples from the scientific literature to show the reader that the Ⴔ metric loses information while the metric and other metrics do not lose information.
Leveraging AI Advances and Online Tools for Structure‐Based Variant Analysis
Authors: Guzmán‐Vega Francisco J. , González‐Álvarez Ana C. , Peña‐Guerra Karla A. , Cardona‐Londoño Kelly J. , Arold Stefan T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how a gene variant affects protein function is important in life science, as it helps explain traits or dysfunctions in organisms. In a clinical setting, this understanding makes it possible to improve and personalize patient care. Bioinformatic tools often only assign a pathogenicity score, rather than providing information about the molecular basis for phenotypes. Experimental testing can furnish this information, but this is slow and costly and requires expertise and equipment not available in a clinical setting. Conversely, mapping a gene variant onto the three‐dimensional (3D) protein structure provides a fast molecular assessment free of charge. Before 2021, this type of analysis was severely limited by the availability of experimentally determined 3D protein structures. Advances in artificial intelligence algorithms now allow confident prediction of protein structural features from sequence alone. The aim of the protocols presented here is to enable non‐experts to use databases and online tools to investigate the molecular effect of a genetic variant. The Basic Protocol relies only on the online resources AlphaFold, Protein Structure Database, and UniProt. Alternate Protocols document the usage of the Protein Data Bank, SWISS‐MODEL, ColabFold, and PyMOL for structure‐based variant analysis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: 3D Mapping based on UniProt and AlphaFoldAlternate Protocol 1: Using experimental models from the PDBAlternate Protocol 2: Using information from homology modeling with SWISS‐MODELAlternate Protocol 3: Predicting 3D structures with ColabFoldAlternate Protocol 4: Structure visualization and analysis with PyMOL
Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals prominent expression of IL‐14, IL‐18, and IL‐32 in psoriasis
Authors: Frost Bennet , Schmidt Maria , Klein Benjamin , Loeffler‐Wirth Henry , Krohn Knuth , Reidenbach Timo , Binder Hans , Stubenvoll Antonia , Simon Jan C. , Saalbach Anja , Kunz Manfred 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRationalePsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving different cytokines and chemokines.ObjectivesHere we use single‐cell transcriptomic analyses to identify relevant immune cell and nonimmune cell populations for an in‐depth characterization of cell types and inflammatory mediators in this disease.MethodsPsoriasis skin lesions of eight patients are analyzed using single‐cell technology. Data are further validated by in situ hybridization (ISH) of human tissues, serum analyses of human samples and tissues of a murine model of psoriasis, and by in vitro cell culture experiments.ResultsSeveral different immune‐activated cell types with particular cytokine patterns are identified such as keratinocytes, T‐helper cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Apart from well‐known factors, IL‐14 (TXLNA), IL‐18, and IL‐32 are identified with prominent expression in individual cell types in psoriasis. The percentage of inflammatory cellular subtypes expressing IL‐14, IL‐18, and IL‐32 was significantly higher in psoriatic skin compared with healthy control skin. These findings were confirmed by ISH of human skin samples, in a murine model of psoriasis, in human serum samples, and in in vitro experiments.ConclusionsTaken together, we provide a differentiated view of psoriasis immune‐cell phenotypes that support the role of IL‐14, IL‐18, and IL‐32 in psoriasis pathogenesis.
Chelating resin encapsulation for reduced Pb leakage in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Qingrui , Lin Zhenhua , Xu Yumeng , Zhang Boyao , Guo Xing , Hu Zhaosheng , Hao Yue , Chang Jingjing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough perovskite solar cells have achieved efficiency over 25%, the toxic of Pb content remains severe problem given its commercial prospect. Especially when the devices suffer harsh weather, the Pb content can easily leak out to soil and water. Chelating resins (CRs) exhibit excellent superiority in treating waste water in industrial field, since the functional groups in CRs can adsorb divalent metal ion to soften and purify waste water. Herein, an iminodiacetic acid (IDA)‐CR is introduced as encapsulation over perovskite solar cells for the first time. The IDA‐CR exhibits high surface area and excellent adsorption capability. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Pb leakage are studied, and the devices with encapsulation of IDA‐CR can detain over 90% of Pb compared with control devices without encapsulation after immersed in deionized water for 12 h even in acid situation or after heating. This IDA‐CR method provides a new strategy towards environmental and biological‐friendly perovskite optoelectronic devices.image
Association of dietary and blood inflammatory indicators with depression, anxiety, and stress in adults with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Sharifan Payam , Darroudi Susan , Rafiee Mahdi , Toussi Mansoureh Sadat Ekhteraei , Sedgh Doust Fatemeh Najar , Taghizadeh Niloofar , Fazl Mashhadi Mohammad Reza , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Mohammadi Mohammad Amin , Dabagh Ali Ebrahimi , Ebrahimian Arezoo Rastegarmoghadam , Yousefi Maryam , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon A. , Soflaei Sara Saffar , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that vitamin D may be related to mental health. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of dietary and blood inflammatory factors with mental health disorders in subjects with vitamin D deficiency, shedding further light on the complex interplay of these conditions.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 306 subjects completed the validated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire to evaluate their depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and healthy eating index (HEI) were calculated using a validated 65‐item food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were taken and vitamin D, cytokine, and hs‐CRP levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated using standard laboratory methods.ResultsThe subjects were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels: a vitamin D < 20 μg/dl group (N = 257) and a vitamin D ≥ 20 μg/dl group (N = 49). Between group analysis revealed that only DII (p = 0.015), platelet (p = 0.04), and hs‐CRP (p = 0.015) were significantly different. In adults with vitamin D levels below 20 μg/dl, NLR and DII were significantly higher in subjects with anxiety (p < 0.05), and this relationship remained significant only for NLR after adjusting for age and sex. Additionally, PLR and HEI were significantly different in depressed compared to non‐depressed subjects, and this association remained significant only for HEI after adjusting for age and sex.ConclusionIn subjects with vitamin D deficiency, increased levels of PLR, NLR, and DII were associated with depression and anxiety, while HEI was negatively associated with depression. These associations were not found in subjects with vitamin D levels ≥20 μg/dl.
Overview of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and girls of reproductive age
Authors: Derman Richard J. , Patted Anmol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver 50% of pregnant women are anemic and the majority of these are iron deficient. Micronutrient deficiency, the symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding in nonpregnant individuals, and loss of blood associated with pregnancy and obstetric delivery contribute to iron deficiency (ID). Poor outcomes with low maternal iron can affect not only the pregnancy but can also have major bearings on the offspring. Correction of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant and prepregnant populations with single‐dose intravenous iron supplementation may offer improved outcomes. A harmonization process that incorporates all major randomized controlled trials studying the use of single‐dose IV iron compared with oral iron may suggest actions for changing the global trajectory of ID/IDA for women and girls of reproductive age.
The importance of iron deficiency in pregnancy on fetal, neonatal, and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Georgieff Michael K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe role of iron in neurodevelopment has long been recognized, and the adverse effects of early‐life iron deficiency on brain development and subsequent function across the lifespan continue to be a subject of research. A greater appreciation of the contribution of maternal preconceptional iron status and fetal iron accretion to offspring, postnatal iron status, and brain health across the lifespan has occurred over the past decade. This paradigm shift in thinking links two previously relatively siloed literatures: neonatal iron deficiency and postnatal iron deficiency. The understanding that iron accretion during the fetal period strongly influences postnatal iron balance has led to an appreciation of the importance and value of ensuring proper fetal iron loading. This article reviews the dynamics of fetal iron metabolism, the role of iron in the developing fetal brain, the short‐ and long‐term neurobehavioral consequences of fetal iron underloading, and the potential mechanisms that account for the long‐term effects of fetal/neonatal iron deficiency.
Evidence gaps for the global problem of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and girls of reproductive age
Authors: Abbott Jason A. , Munro Malcolm G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding and the frequently associated condition of iron deficiency (ID) individually and collectively adversely impact the lives of women and girls of reproductive age in various ways. The insidious but sometimes profound effects of periconceptual ID on the developing fetus may continue throughout the individual's life with consequences that are also felt by families, friends, and society at large. Unfortunately, in most instances, current healthcare policies are not designed to address the plethora of issues in a fashion that will result in meaningful improvement in health and other outcomes that affect both individuals and society. Identification and prioritization of the many evidence gaps will be an essential component of the strategy for change. This article identifies and describes the evidence gaps and provides direction for investigators and those involved in healthcare policy.