bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates sepsis-associated acute liver injury by activating pregnane X receptor
Authors: Wang Shuang , Xiong Liangzhi , Ruan Zhihua , Gong Xiaofang , Luo Yanrong , Wu Chengyi , Wang Yu , Shang Hui , Chen Jingyi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The morbidity and mortality of sepsis are extremely high, which is a major problem plaguing human health. However, current drugs and measures for the prevention and treatment of sepsis have little effect. Sepsis-associated acute liver injury (SALI) is an independent risk factor for sepsis, which seriously affects the prognosis of sepsis. Studies have found that gut microbiota is closely related to SALI, and indole-3-propionic Acid (IPA) can activate Pregnane X receptor (PXR). However, the role of IPA and PXR in SALI has not been reported.

Methods
This study aimed to explore the association between IPA and SALI. The clinical data of SALI patients were collected and IPA level in feces was detected. The sepsis model was established in wild-type mice and PXR knockout mice to investigate the role of IPA and PXR signaling in SALI.

Results
We showed that the level of IPA in patients’ feces is closely related to SALI, and the level of IPA in feces has a good ability to identify and diagnose SALI. IPA pretreatment significantly attenuated septic injury and SALI in wild-type mice, but not found in knockout PXR gene mice.

Conclusions
IPA alleviates SALI by activating PXR, which reveals a new mechanism of SALI, and provides potentially effective drugs and targets for the prevention of SALI.
Influence of hemicellulose and lignin on intermolecular interaction between quinacridone and lignocellulosic fibers revealed by gel-state NMR and color measurements
Authors: Saito Yasuko , Sakakibara Keita , Tanaka Yuki , Hontama Naoya , Endo Takashi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuinacridone, a π-conjugated planar molecule, and common red pigment in industrial and painting applications, easily aggregates to form large clusters of pigment particles, resulting in a reduction in color strength. Cotton-derived cellulose nanofiber (NF), which almost consists of cellulose without hemicellulose and lignin, has been found to adsorb quinacridone on the surface, which inhibits pigment aggregation. The aggregation inhibition property of cellulose NF was induced by the strong intermolecular interactions between cellulose and quinacridone. In this study, the properties of lignocellulosic fibers for suppressing the aggregation of quinacridone pigments were investigated to reveal the influence of hemicellulose and lignin on the intermolecular interactions between quinacridone and fibers. Two lignocellulosic fibers with different degrees of fibrillation were used as dispersants of the pigment. In the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the quinacridone–lignocellulose mixture, quinacridone particles were observed along the lignocellulose fiber, indicating that the quinacridone particles were well-adsorbed on the fiber surface. Consequently, the color of the aqueous suspension of quinacridone–lignocellulose mixture became increasingly vivid as the weight ratio of the lignocellulose fibers increased and as the fiber was fibrillated. The nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY)–nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum for quinacridone–lignocellulose suspension in d-dimethyl sulfoxide showed several NOE cross-peaks between quinacridone and cellulose/hemicellulose, whereas no cross-peaks between quinacridone and lignin were observed. It can be concluded that cellulose and hemicellulose promote the adsorption of quinacridone on the fiber surface, whereas lignin does not interact with quinacridone, even though both are aromatic molecules. This suggests that the intermolecular interactions based on hydrogen bonding and CH–π attraction are more dominant than the π–π attraction between quinacridone and lignocellulosic fibers.
A flavonol synthase (FLS) gene, GhFLS1, was screened out increasing salt resistance in cotton
Authors: Han Mingge , Cui Ruifeng , Cui Yupeng , Wang Junjuan , Wang Shuai , Jiang Tiantian , Huang Hui , Lei Yuqian , Liu Xiaoyu , Rui Cun , Fan Yapeng , Zhang Yuexin , Ni Kesong , Sun Liangqing , Chen Xiugui , Lu Xuke , Wang Delong , Yin Zujun , Chen Chao , Guo Lixue , Zhao Lanjie , Chen Quanjia , Ye Wuwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFlavonols play important roles in antioxidation and anticancer activities, longevity, and cardiovascular protection.Flavonol synthase(FLS) is a key enzyme for flavonol synthesis.ResultPhenotypic, transcriptional and metabolic data were analyzed, which showed that there was a close relationship between salt stress and flavonoids, and flavonols were significantly upregulated under salt stress. Nine, seven, four, and fourFLSgenes were identified inGossypium hirsutum,Gossypium barbadense,Gossypium arboreum, andGossypium raimondii,respectively. The results of subcellular localization showed that FLS existed in the nucleus and cytoplasmic. Through phylogenetic analysis, 24FLSgenes were divided into three subfamilies. The results of the RNA sequencing showed that the expression ofGhFLSgenes was mainly induced by salt, drought, low temperature, and heat stress.GhFLSpromoter mainly comprised plant hormone response elements and abiotic stress elements, indicating that theGhFLSgene may play a key role in abiotic stress response. The proline contents of pYL156:GhFLS1 was reduced significantly compared to pYL156 under salt stress, thereby reducing the resistance of cotton to salt stress.ConclusionThis study will lay a foundation for further study on the antioxidant regulation mechanism of theFLSgene under abiotic stress.
Gut microbiota in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Tianhui , Xia Yuqi , Li Bojun , Yu Weimin , Rao Ting , Ye Zehua , Yan Xinzhou , Song Baofeng , Li Lei , Lin Fangyou , Cheng Fan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) plays an essential role in kidney stone (KS) formation. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the composition of gut microbiota in kidney stone patients and healthy individuals, and further understand the role of gut microbiota in nephrolithiasis.

Results
Six databases were searched to find taxonomy-based comparison studies on the GMB until September 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate the overall relative abundance of gut microbiota in KS patients and healthy subjects. Eight studies were included with 356 nephrolithiasis patients and 347 healthy subjects. The meta-analysis suggested that KS patients had a higher abundance of Bacteroides (35.11% vs 21.25%, Z = 3.56, P = 0.0004) and Escherichia_Shigella (4.39% vs 1.78%, Z = 3.23, P = 0.001), and a lower abundance of Prevotella_9 (8.41% vs 10.65%, Z = 4.49, P < 0.00001). Qualitative analysis revealed that beta-diversity was different between the two groups (P < 0.05); Ten taxa (Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavobacterium, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Rhodobacter and Gordonia) helped the detection of kidney stones (P < 0.05); Genes or protein families of the GMB involved in oxalate degradation, glycan synthesis, and energy metabolism were altered in patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
There is a characteristic gut microbiota dysbiosis in kidney stone patients. Individualized therapies like microbial supplementation, probiotic or synbiotic preparations and adjusted diet patterns based on individual gut microbial characteristics of patients may be more effective in preventing stone formation and recurrence.
Delayed PCI is not beneficial for STEMI patients with impaired renal function: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lao Yi , Chen Kaitong , Feng Li , Yuan Yong , Zhang Jin , Zhang Liting , Huang Xuansheng , Li Mingxing , Wu Zidi , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Preexisting impaired renal function (IRF) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are important prognostic parameters, but it is unknown whether delayed PCI is still beneficial for STEMI patients with IRF.

Methods
A retrospective single-center cohort study was performed in 164 patients who presented at least 12 h after symptom onset, and were diagnosed with STEMI and IRF. They were assigned to two groups to receive PCI plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) and OMT alone respectively. Clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year were compared between two groups, and hazard ratio for survival was analyzed using Cox regression model. A power analysis demanded 34 patients in each group to produce a power of 90% and a P value of 0.05.

Results
The 30-day mortality was significantly lower in PCI group (n = 126) than in non-PCI group (n = 38) (11.1% versus 28.9%, P = 0.018), while there was no significant difference in the 1-year mortality and incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that patients with IRF didn’t benefit from receiving PCI on survival rate (P = 0.267).

Conclusions
Delayed PCI is not beneficial on one-year clinical outcomes for STEMI patients with IRF.
Goodness-of-fit two-phase sampling designs for time-to-event outcomes: a simulation study based on New York University Women’s Health Study for breast cancer
Authors: Lee Myeonggyun , Chen Jinbo , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Liu Mengling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSub-cohort sampling designs such as a case-cohort study play a key role in studying biomarker-disease associations due to their cost effectiveness. Time-to-event outcome is often the focus in cohort studies, and the research goal is to assess the association between the event risk and risk factors. In this paper, we propose a novel goodness-of-fit two-phase sampling design for time-to-event outcomes when some covariates (e.g., biomarkers) can only be measured on a subgroup of study subjects.MethodsAssuming that an external model, which can be the well-established risk models such as the Gail model for breast cancer, Gleason score for prostate cancer, and Framingham risk models for heart diseases, or built from preliminary data, is available to relate the outcome and complete covariates, we propose to oversample subjects with worse goodness-of-fit (GOF) based on an external survival model and time-to-event. With the cases and controls sampled using the GOF two-phase design, the inverse sampling probability weighting method is used to estimate the log hazard ratio of both incomplete and complete covariates. We conducted extensive simulations to evaluate the efficiency gain of our proposed GOF two-phase sampling designs over case-cohort study designs.ResultsThrough extensive simulations based on a dataset from the New York University Women’s Health Study, we showed that the proposed GOF two-phase sampling designs were unbiased and generally had higher efficiency compared to the standard case-cohort study designs.ConclusionIn cohort studies with rare outcomes, an important design question is how to select informative subjects to reduce sampling costs while maintaining statistical efficiency. Our proposed goodness-of-fit two-phase design provides efficient alternatives to standard case-cohort designs for assessing the association between time-to-event outcome and risk factors. This method is conveniently implemented in standard software.
Investigation of ocular biometry in 4– to 9-year-old Chinese children
Authors: Zhao Ming-Hui , Song Yi , Liu Jia-li , Li Juan , Wang Ying , Hua Yan-jun , Wu Qiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the distribution and changes in ocular biometry in 4-to to 9-year-old Chinese children and to compare the differences between age and genders in these parameters.

Methods
This was a school-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,528 Chinese children, aged 4–9 years, from one primary school and 12 kindergartens, were included in the study. Axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and corneal diameter were measured for each child.

Results
AL and anterior chamber depth gradually increased with age in both genders. No significant changes in corneal curvature or corneal diameter were detected at different ages in either genders group. The mean ALs of males and females were 22.94 ± 0.80 mm and 22.38 ± 0.79 mm, respectively. The mean corneal curvatures of males and females were 43.05 ± 1.37 D and 43.75 ± 1.48 D, respectively. The mean anterior chamber depth of males and females were 3.47 ± 0.24 mm and 3.38 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. The mean corneal diameter of males and females were 12.08 ± 0.43 mm and 11.94 ± 0.44 mm, respectively. Females had consistently shorter ALs, shorter anterior chamber depth, smaller corneal diameter, and steeper corneal curvatures than males at any age.

Conclusions
Boys had larger dimensions than girls for all ocular parameters except corneal curvature (flatter). Boys and girls showed similar trends for all parameters. Axial length and anterior chamber depth increased from 4 to 9 years of age, whereas corneal diameter and curvature did not change with age in either genders.
Sarcopenia parameters in active older adults – an eight-year longitudinal study
Authors: Teraž Kaja , Marusic Uros , Kalc Miloš , Šimunič Boštjan , Pori Primož , Grassi Bruno , Lazzer Stefano , Narici Marco Vicenzo , Blenkuš Mojca Gabrijelčič , di Prampero Pietro Enrico , Reggiani Carlo , Passaro Angelina , Biolo Gianni , Gasparini Mladen , Pišot Rado 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Backgroud
Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle syndrome that is common in older adults but can be mitigated by adequate and regular physical activity. The development and severity of sarcopenia is favored by several factors, the most influential of which are a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity. The aim of this observational longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate changes in sarcopenia parameters, based on the EWGSOP2 definition in a population of active older adults after eight years. It was hypothesized that selected active older adults would perform better on sarcopenia tests than the average population.

Methods
The 52 active older adults (22 men and 30 women, mean age: 68.4 ± 5.6 years at the time of their first evaluation) participated in the study at two time points eight-years apart. Three sarcopenia parameters were assessed at both time points: Muscle strength (handgrip test), skeletal muscle mass index, and physical performance (gait speed), these parameters were used to diagnose sarcop0enia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Additional motor tests were also performed at follow-up measurements to assess participants’ overall fitness. Participants self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior using General Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up measurements.

Results
In the first measurements we did not detect signs of sarcopenia in any individual, but after 8 years, we detected signs of sarcopenia in 7 participants. After eight years, we detected decline in ; muscle strength (-10.2%; p < .001), muscle mass index (-5.4%; p < .001), and physical performance measured with gait speed (-28.6%; p < .001). Similarly, self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior declined, too (-25.0%; p = .030 and − 48.5%; p < .001, respectively).

Conclusions
Despite expected lower scores on tests of sarcopenia parameters due to age-related decline, participants performed better on motor tests than reported in similar studies. Nevertheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia was consistent with most of the published literature.

Trial registration
The clinical trial protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04899531.
The influence of anti-smoking messages to Indonesian youth smoking behavior: the Indonesian 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)
Authors: Megatsari Hario , Damayanti Rita , Kusuma Dian , Warouw Tati Suryati , Nadhiroh Siti Rahayu , Astutik Erni , Dewi Desak Made Sintha Kurnia , Sebayang Susy Katikana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Various anti-tobacco promotions have emerged in order to reduce the detrimental impacts of tobacco advertising on adolescents. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the exposure to anti-smoking messages and Indonesian youth smoking behavior.

Method
We used secondary data from the Indonesian 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). The participants were students from grades seven to twelve. We used multiple logistic regression to assess the relationship of anti-smoking messages exposure on the smoking behavior variable. We used complex samples process logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and controlling for relevant covariables.

Results
The percentage of the exposure to anti-smoking messages in all types were not more than 25% in each outcome variables. The results also showed that in the current smoker variables, adolescent who exposed to the two variables of anti-smoking messages increased the odds to become current smoker. The variables were anti smoking messages in media (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.15–1.73) and in school (AOR 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.50). On the other hand, in the smoking susceptibility variables, there were no variables of anti-smoking messages that had relation with it.

Conclusions
The study concluded that there were only two variables of the anti-smoking messages that had relation with the Indonesian youth smoking behavior, which were current smokers. Unfortunately those variables increased the odds of the respondents to become current smokers. Indonesia government should develop media following international best practices to convey the anti-smoking messages.
Impact of tiered measures on social contact and mixing patterns of in Italy during the second wave of COVID-19
Authors: Tizzani Michele , De Gaetano Alessandro , Jarvis Christopher I. , Gimma Amy , Wong Kerry , Edmunds W John , Beutels Philippe , Hens Niel , Coletti Pietro , Paolotti Daniela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Most countries around the world enforced non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19. Italy was one of the first countries to be affected by the pandemic, imposing a hard lockdown, in the first epidemic wave. During the second wave, the country implemented progressively restrictive tiers at the regional level according to weekly epidemiological risk assessments. This paper quantifies the impact of these restrictions on contacts and on the reproduction number.

Methods
Representative (with respect to age, sex, and region of residence) longitudinal surveys of the Italian population were undertaken during the second epidemic wave. Epidemiologically relevant contact patterns were measured and compared with pre-pandemic levels and according to the level of interventions experienced by the participants. Contact matrices were used to quantify the reduction in the number of contacts by age group and contact setting. The reproduction number was estimated to evaluate the impact of restrictions on the spread of COVID-19.

Results
The comparison with the pre-pandemic baseline shows a significant decrease in the number of contacts, independently from the age group or contact settings. This decrease in the number of contacts significantly depends on the strictness of the non-pharmaceutical interventions. For all levels of strictness considered, the reduction in social mixing results in a reproduction number smaller than one. In particular, the impact of the restriction on the number of contacts decreases with the severity of the interventions.

Conclusions
The progressive restriction tiers implemented in Italy reduced the reproduction number, with stricter interventions associated with higher reductions. Readily collected contact data can inform the implementation of mitigation measures at the national level in epidemic emergencies to come.
Exploring the factors contributing to low vaccination uptake for nationally recommended routine childhood and adolescent vaccines in Kenya
Authors: Essoh Tene-Alima , Adeyanju Gbadebo Collins , Adamu Abdu A. , Tall Haoua , Aplogan Aristide , Tabu Collins 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Vaccination remains the most effective means of reducing the burden of infectious disease among children. It is estimated to prevent between two to three million child deaths annually. However, despite being a successful intervention, basic vaccination coverage remains below the target. About 20 million infants are either under or not fully vaccinated, most of whom are in Sub-Saharan Africa region. In Kenya, the coverage is even lower at 83% than the global average of 86%. The objective of this study is to explore the factors that contribute to low demand or vaccine hesitancy for childhood and adolescent vaccines in Kenya.

Methods
The study used qualitative research design. Key Informant Interviews (KII) was used to obtain information from national and county-level key stakeholders. In-depth Interviews (IDI) was done to collect opinions of caregivers of children 0–23 months and adolescent girls eligible for immunization, and Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine respectively. The data was collected at the national level and counties such as Kilifi, Turkana, Nairobi and Kitui. The data was analyzed using thematic content approach. A total of 41 national and county-level immunization officials and caregivers formed the sample.

Results
Insufficient knowledge about vaccines, vaccine supply issues, frequent healthcare worker’s industrial action, poverty, religious beliefs, inadequate vaccination campaigns, distance to vaccination centers, were identified as factors driving low demand or vaccine hesitancy against routine childhood immunization. While factors driving low uptake of the newly introduced HPV vaccine were reported to include misinformation about the vaccine, rumors that the vaccine is a form of female contraception, the suspicion that the vaccine is free and available only to girls, poor knowledge of cervical cancer and benefits of HPV vaccine.

Conclusions
Rural community sensitization on both routine childhood immunization and HPV vaccine should be key activities post COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, the use of mainstream and social media outreaches, and vaccine champions could help reduce vaccine hesitancy. The findings are invaluable for informing design of context-specific interventions by national and county-level immunization stakeholders. Further studies on the relationship between attitude towards new vaccines and connection to vaccine hesitancy is necessary.