bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 5A model for non- communicable disease advocacy
Authors: Sanjay Karla  , Madhur Verma  , Rakesh Sahay  
Published: May 2023

We share a comprehensive 5A model which puts in perspective a clear-cut method to approach and address non communicable disease (NCD) advocacy. We suggest that the first step towards NCD control is awareness amongst health care professionals, and acceptance of their responsibility towards public health. Once this is done, active assertion follows, and leads to action on the ground. Regular audit, however, is necessary, to ensure effective and efficient advocacy for NCD. This model should be followed in all health care settings, including primary care diabetes.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, heart disease, obesity, public health
The etiopathogenesis and management of obesity: The quintessential quincunx
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Jubbin Jacob  , Saurabh Arora  , Nitin Kapoor  
Published: May 2023

This communication uses the quincunx, i.e, a quadruple surrounding a central point, to create a model that describes the etiopathogenesis, as well as informs the management strategy of obesity.
With the energy fulcrum (mismatch between energy intake and expenditure) at its centre, the model lists two external influencers-the physical environment and psychosocial environment, and two internal influencers- the hypothalamo-bariatric axis and the endocrine system, to explain the etiopathogenesis of obesity. Genetics factors are included with the hypothalamo-bariatric axis. The same model can be used to explain the five pillars of management: lifestyle and nutritional modification at the centre, along with environmental optimization, behavioural therapy, baro-thalamic modulation, and endocrine optimization
Keywords: Anti-obesity medication, bariatric medicine, bariatric surgery, barocrinology, obesity, person-centred care, semaglutide, tirzepatide
Magnitude and associated factors of Pityriasis Versicolor among patients attending Dermatovenereology Outpatient Department at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tilaye Mengistu , Sinknew Abebe , Mekuriaw Alemneh , Tsehay Asmamaw Ketemaw 
Published: May 2023

Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a chronic superficial fungal infection caused by Malassezia species. It is the most common dermatologic disorder in tropical countries including Ethiopia and skin discoloration is the principal morbidity resulting from pityriasis versicolor. Therefore, this study assess the prevalence and associated factors of PV among patients attending Dermatovenereology clinic at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Hospital based cross sectional study design was employed. Systematic random sampling was used and a total of 406 participants who attended Dermatovenereology OPD were included in the study. Data were collected by interview and physical examination. Then it was checked, coded, entered into Epi-Info version 7 and analyzed using Stata version 14. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with PV. Adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% CI and P-value were calculated. A P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant variables. The overall magnitude of PV among patients attending Dermatovenereology OPD at the UGCSH was 12.6% (95%CI; 9.2%, 15.0%).Those who had a diploma and above education [AOR: 95% CI; 4.67 (1.18, 18.47)], excessive sweating [AOR: 95% CI; 4.75 ( 1.92, 8.76)] being male [AOR: 95%CI; 4.19 (1.92, 9.14)], practicing regular exercise [AOR: 95% CI; 4.11 (1.93, 8.76)] and wearing heavy clothes [AOR: 95% CI; 2.53 (1.24, 5.15)] were found to be statistically significantly associated with PV. This study found that the magnitude of Pityriasis versicolor was relatively lower. The study revealed that educational status (diploma and above), male gender, habit of regular exercise, excessive sweating and wearing heavy cloths were significantly associated with Pityriasis Versicolor. It is recommended that high risk patients receive close follow up and health professionals should provide health education sessions in waiting rooms about the identified risk factors.
A Blockchain Cross-Border Payment System to Enable a Potential Caribbean Regional Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors: Charles Don 
Published: May 2023

The implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) is crucial for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. However, the lack of financial support from the international community has been a significant obstacle for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Member States. To this end, market-based mechanisms, such as an emissions trading scheme (ETS), included in the Paris Agreement can provide an effective incentive for greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting stakeholders to reduce their emissions and help countries achieve their NDCs.A cross-border payment system is essential for the transfer of funds as well as emissions allowances between regulated entities in different countries in a regional emissions trading scheme. The cross-border payment system needs to be secure, fast, efficient, and cost-effective.Notably, the Caribbean region’s current cross-border payment system is based on correspondent banking, and ill-equipped to properly handle cross-country trading in a potential regional ETS.As a result, blockchain emerges as a practical tool to strengthen the Caribbean’s cross-border payment system to facilitate regional emissions trading. This study explores how a blockchain cross-border payment system can be used for a potential Caribbean emissions trading scheme.

Received: 3 March 2023 | Revised: 9 May 2023 | Accepted: 12 May 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Don Charles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, resources, data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
Ağız Sözlükçülüğü Bağlamında Yüksek Lisans Tezlerinde Birleşik Fiiller
Authors: KÜÇÜK Salim 
Published: May 2023

Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarının ses, şekil bilgisi, söz dizimi özelliklerini ve söz varlığını derlemek, tespit etmek amacıyla hazırlanmış yüksek lisans ile doktora tezlerinde genellikle sözlüğe yer verilmektedir. Uzmanlaşmaya dayanan doktora tezlerinde sözlük kısımları belli bir ciddiyetle ele alınırken yüksek lisans tezlerinde çoğunlukla özensizlik, dikkatsizlik, bir sözlüğün taşıması gereken hususları göz ardı etme, geçiştirme gibi durumlarla da karşılaşılabilmektedir.
Ağız sözlükçülüğünde önemli bir eksiklik de isim, sıfat, zarf, zamir, edat, bağlaç, ünlem, fiil gibi kelime türlerinin sözlük kısmında yay ayraç içerisinde belirtilmemesi ve bunlara hangi ölçüte göre ne kadar yer verileceği meselesidir. Bu konuda kesin bir ölçüt bulunmamakla birlikte uygulamada bu daha çok derlenen metinlere, inceleme kısmındaki ses, şekil, kelime bilgisi ve danışman ile yazarın tercihine göre şekillenmektedir. Mevcut tezlerde sözlük kısmında ağırlıklı olarak isim soylu kelimelere yer verilirken diğer kelime türlerinin çoğu kere ihmal edildiği görülmektedir. Bu kelime türlerinden biri de birleşik fiillerdir. Yapılan yüksek lisans tez çalışmalarında adayların birleşik fiillere daha az yer verdikleri görülmektedir.
Bu çalışmada durumsal tasvir yöntemi kullanılarak 2012-2022 yılları arasında çeşitli üniversitelerde ağızlar sahasında yapılmış 20 adet yüksek lisans tezinin sözlük kısmı birleşik fiillerin ele alınışı yönünden incelenmiş ve sayısal olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
DISAGGREGATED HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HIV PREVALENCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WEST AFRICA : THE AUGMENTED SOLOW GROWTH MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Bernhard O. ISHIORO, Ph.D  
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the relationship among health expenditure, HIV prevalence and expansion of productive economic activities in West Africa using sub-regional aggregate time series data from 1992 to 2020. The augmented Solow growth model was adopted to enable us to understand and maximize both the theoretical and empirical anatomy of HIV prevalence as it relates with the expansion of productive economic activities and disaggregated health expenditure in West Africa in the context of a growth theory and to conveniently apply the Hsiao causality framework in the form of a vector autoregressive model. The augmented Solow model theoretically made it possible for us to uniquely identify and specify six (6) bivariate hypotheses-supported models as sustainable fulcrums for the empirical application and validation of the Hsiao causality test. Health expenditure was disaggregated into total, public, household out-of-pocket, and non-household private health expenditures to specifically determine the impact of the relationship between the expansion of productive economic activities and HIV prevalence on each of these components of health expenditure. The results show that the total health expenditure-led growth and private health expenditure-led growth hypotheses were not validated for the sub-region. However, the growth-led total, growth-led public, and growth-led private health expenditure hypotheses are validated for the sub-region. Also, HIV prevalence-led total, HIV prevalence-led public, and HIV prevalence-led private health expenditure hypotheses are validated for West Africa. The study recommended that for sustainable inflows of total, public and private health expenditure into the sub-region, the expansion of productive and growth-enhancing economic activities and HIV mitigation policies should incorporate health expenditure policies both in the long, and short-run periods.
Keywords: Hsiao causality, HIV Prevalence, Health Expenditure, Economic Growth,
Solow Model.
JEL CLASSIFICATION:C11, C18, I10, I150
OIL PRODUCTION - GDP NEXUS: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Bernhard O. ISHIORO, Ph.D  
Published: May 2023

Several studies abound that concentrated on oil production and the environment, oil exploration and socio-economic conditions, contributions of crude oil consumption to the growth of the Nigerian state, etc. But there are no recent studies investigating the oil production- GDP nexus. Hence, the main goal of this study is to explore the contribution of oil production to the national GDP from an oil-dependent economy nexus. Annual time series data on oil production and its growth rate represented the oil production side of the nexus while GDP and its growth rate represented the GDP side of the nexus. We applied the three different econometric techniques: unit root test, cointegration test, vector error correction and the Granger causality estimation techniques. Our results largely suggest that there exists a long-run joint and simultaneous
(bilateral performance) between GDPg and OILPRODg , and between GDP and OILPRODg; growth rate of GDP (GDPg) has negative coefficients in relation to its contribution to the growth of oil production (OILPRODg); and negative but statistically insignificant impact of the dependence of the growth rate of current OILPRODg on GDP. Furthermore, OILPRODg Granger caused GDPg as well as GDP, and GDP does not Granger cause OILPROD. We recommend that oil production should be controlled and directed towards effective management of GDP and economic growth outcomes in Nigeria
JEL Classification Code: O47, O55,Q32,Q43
COMMUNICATING HEALTH INFORMATION THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A SURVEY OF COOU FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES’ USAGE OF FLO PERIOD & OVULATION TRACKER
Authors: Gideon Uchechukwu NWAFOR,  , Nyerhovwo MUOBOGHARE  , Celestina Ogochukwu OSAFILE  
Published: May 2023

Some years ago, period and fertility tracking consisted in taking records of one’s menstruation days online or offline. Nowadays, with the help of new technology, women can track a variety of symptoms, get advice on conceiving, explore pregnancy insights, and even manage irregular periods. A major breakthrough in this domain has recently been done by Flo Period Tracker – the first-period tracking app to publicly announce using artificial intelligence for improving cycle predictions. This study, therefore, evaluated the knowledge and usage of Flo Period and Ovulation Tracker among female students of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University to track their periods and ovulations to understand their sexual health and plan their sexual activities to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Anchored on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study adopted the survey method with a sample size of 384 drawn from a population of 10,267. The study found that the majority of the students have use the AI-assisted period and ovulation tracker Flo to track and monitor their periods and ovulations from time to time. However, it was found that the intention of usage differs as some use the app to monitor and plan their sexual activities others use the app to monitor their sexual health in the case of irregular menstruation and anovulation to seek medical treatment. The study recommended that Flo should be more interactive by adding voice to the app and be linked to various hospitals users can contact for fast medical attention.
Keywords: Health Information, Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge and Usage, Flo Period and Ovulation Tracker.
MISCONCEPTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF OIL COMPANIES ON THEIR HOST COMMUNITIES: A STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY AND COMMUNITIES IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nyerhovwo MUOBOGHARE  , Jammy Seigha GUANAH, Ph.D  
Published: May 2023

Over time, there has been a strained relationship between the residents of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) due to the perceived inadequate implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by SPDC. SPDC, however, maintains that they are merely a company and cannot take on the role of the government in the development of the region. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the current perception of CSR among residents of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. It was anchored on Stakeholder theory. A secondary research was conducted to explore previous views and evolution of CSR, but it only provided insight into the concept without any conclusion. As a result, a primary research was carried out using an ethnographic qualitative method in eight oil-producing communities in Delta state, where the inhabitants were reluctant to disclose information to strangers. The findings revealed that while the residents had a favourable perception of CSR, they were inflexible in their insistence that it should be mandatory for SPDC to undertake CSR initiatives due to the environmental hazards resulting from the company's operations. It was recommended that public enlightenment programmes, on behalf of the SPDC/Government/Communities, could help change people's perception about who is responsible for what, and how the communities should be managed. It was also recommended that SPDC should strengthen its community relations team to interact more with the community and improve its corporate image.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Host Communities, Misconception, Niger Delta, Oil Companies, SPDC.
PREVELANCE OF DIABETES IN PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE FAMILIAL HISTORY VISITING ORTHODONTIC DEPARTMENT NISHTAR INSTITUE OF DENTISTRY
Authors: Shagufta Kanwal  , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Muhammad Ikrash Anjum  , Hira Khalid  , Fatima Altaf  
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most commonly prevailing diseases. A positive family history is a strong risk factor for this disease. Diabetes has many oral manifestations, the most common of which is periodontal loss; this has deleterious effects on orthodontic tooth movement.
Therefore, orthodontic patients should be screened for diabetes to ensure proper management to minimize periodontal loss.
The aim of our study is to rule out the prevalence of diabetes with a positive familial history in orthodontic patients.
110 patients with positive family history were screened.
According to our research there was a 5.83 times greater chance of developing diabetes in a patient whose both parents were suffering from diabetes than a patient who had a single diabetic parent.
Every orthodontic patient suffering from diabetes should be referred to the concerned department for diabetic control and management to ensure the best orthodontic results.
COMPARISON OF RACECADOTRIL WITH ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION IN ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Amir Rashid  , Nazia Zaib  , Anum Arshad  , Muhammad Adil Khan  
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: A significant share (18%) of paediatric mortality is caused by diarrheal diseases. Children under the age of five are most susceptible to viral diarrhoea. In cases of acute watery diarrhoea, racecadotril, an anti-secretory medication, can limit fluid and electrolyte loss from the intestine without compromising intestinal motility.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the number of loose stools within the first 48 hours of admission between the children treated with and without Racecadotril, as well as the mean recovery time in children in both groups, in order to determine the efficacy of Racecadotril in treating acute watery diarrhoea in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
METHOD: It was a Randomized Controlled Trial that ran from October 2020 to March 2021 at the Paediatrics Department at LGH/PGMI/AMC Lahore. Patients were divided into two equal groups at random using a computer-generated random number table. Racecadotril (1.5 mg/kg body weight, orally three times per day for 5 days or until diarrhoea ceases, whichever happens first) was given to 100 patients in group A coupled with Low Osmolality ORS, while Low Osmolality ORS was given to 100 patients in group B. For testing of blood haemoglobin, blood urea and creatinine, blood sugar, serum electrolytes, and stool (pH, microscopic inspection, culture, and sensitivity), blood samples were sent to a hospital pathology lab. As per operational definition, recovery time was documented.
RESULTS: In our study, the mean recovery time was 37.88 hours in group A (racecadotril plus low osmolality ORS) and 47.40 hours in group B (low osmolality ORS), demonstrating a substantial reduction in recovery time of 20.08 percent (p value = 0.0026). The mean 48-hour stool frequency was 11.34 episodes in the Racecadotril + low osmolality ORS group and 14.98 episodes in the low osmolality ORS group, demonstrating a statistically significant decrease in stool frequency of 24.29 percent with the Racecadotril group (p value = 0.025). Faster recovery (20.08 percent) and a reduction of 20.52 percent in ORS consumption, which is comparable with earlier trials on Racecadotril conducted in children with acute watery diarrhoea.
CONCLUSION: In managing children under the age of five who have acute watery diarrhoea, we came to the conclusion that there is a substantial difference in the mean recovery time when Racecadotril and Low Osmolality Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) are used in combination
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Lestari Bella Andrea , Vidiyastutik Elok Dwi , Hudzafidah Khusnik 
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara perputaran modal kerja, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage secara simultan terhadap profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perputaran modal kerja, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 3) Untuk mengetahui variabel diantara perputaran modal kerja, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage yang berpengaruh dominan profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel perputaran modal kerja (X1) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (Y) yaitu dengan nilai thitung > ttabel (3,348 ≥ 2.030) (sig. 0.025 ≤ 0.025). Dan variabel ukuran perusahaan (X2) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (Y) dengan Nilai thitung ≥ ttabel (2.598 ≥ 2.030) (sig. 0.004 ≤ 0.025). Variabel leverage (X3) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas (Y) dengan Nilai thitung ≥ ttabel (2.734 ≥ 2.030) (sig. 0.008 ≤ 0.025).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO FRAUD TRIANGLE YANG MEMPENGARUHI FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD
Authors: Faidah Aminatul , Hendra Joni , Rustianawati Mutimmah 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor risiko fraud triangle terhadap financial statement fraud. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Jakarta Islamic Index pada tahun 2017-2019. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 21 perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t, uji f serta uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel external pressure berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud, variabel change in auditor berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap financial statement fraud. Sedangkan variabel financial stability, financial target, personal financial need, nature of industry dan ineffective monitoring tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial statement fraud.
PENGARUH INFLASI DAN SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIAPERIODE 2016-2019
Authors: Ramadhani Gita Fadillah , Hendra Joni , Amani Tatik 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian dilakukan terhadap Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2019 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi dan suku bunga secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap return saham. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penelitian kuantitatif assosiatif dengan variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah inflasi dan suku bunga. Sedangkan variabel terikat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah return saham. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2019. Pemilihan sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sumber data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini melalui situs website Bank Indonesia dan Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham yang dilihat dari nilai thitung 2,366 > ttabel 2,045 atau nilai signifikan 0,025 < 0,05. Dan suku bunga juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham yang dilihat dari nilai thitung 2,773 > ttabel 2,045 atau nilai signifikasi 0,010 < 0,05.