bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Investigation of a Rapid Non-invasive Multispectral Imaging Device Utilizing an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for Improved Burn Assessment
Authors: Thatcher Jeffrey E , Yi Faliu , Nussbaum Amy E , DiMaio John Michael , Dwight Jason , Plant Kevin , Carter Jeffrey E , Holmes James H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Currently, the incorrect judgment of burn depth remains common even among experienced surgeons. Contributing to this problem are change in burn appearance throughout the first week requiring periodic evaluation until a confident diagnosis can be made. To overcome these issues, we investigated the feasibility of an artificial intelligence algorithm trained with multispectral images of burn injuries to predict burn depth rapidly and accurately, including burns of indeterminate depth. In a feasibility study, 406 multispectral images of burns were collected within 72 hours of injury and then serially for up to 7 days. Simultaneously, the subject’s clinician indicated whether the burn was of indeterminate depth. The final depth of burned regions within images were agreed upon by a panel of burn practitioners using biopsies and 21-day healing assessments as reference standards. We compared three convolutional neural network architectures and an ensemble in their capability to automatically highlight areas of nonhealing burn regions within images. The top algorithm was the ensemble with 81% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97% positive predictive value (PPV). Its sensitivity and PPV were found to increase in a sigmoid shape during the first week postburn, with the inflection point at day 2.5. Additionally, when burns were labeled as indeterminate, the algorithm’s sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and negative predictive value were: 70%, 100%, 97%, and 100%. These results suggest multispectral imaging combined with artificial intelligence is feasible for detecting nonhealing burn tissue and could play an important role in aiding the earlier diagnosis of indeterminate burns.
A survey of the genes encoding trehalose-metabolism enzymes in crustaceans
Authors: Huang Yuting , Shi Qiong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Trehalose is important in activity, development, and environmental-stress response, especially in invertebrates. It is mainly synthesized by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), and degraded by trehalase (TRE). In the present study, the tps, tpp, and tre were identified from various crustacean species and their phylogeny, structure, network, and transcriptome were analyzed. The tps and tpp are fused in crustaceans, accompanied with multi-copies of genes to improve the synthesis capacity of trehalose, and they may be formed by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and/or segmental duplications. Phylogenetic subgroups of enzymes in the same species may be due to the different lengths and distribution positions of domains. The protein with single TPP domain in the salmon louse, the copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), probably has a depoisoning effect. Structure analyses and location predictions showed that crustacean TRE possess an α-helix-rich structure with barrel core, and are membrane-bound, cytoplasmic, and secreted. Additionally, the non-acid TRE might not be adjusted by Ca2+ because there is no binding domain in crustaceans. Expression profiles of different tissues, developmental periods, and environmental-challenge responses, as well as genes of co-expression networks suggested that TPS (including TPP) and TRE might play important roles in physiological activities including development and environmental adaptation in crustaceans. Multi-copies of tre may enhance survival ability of copepods in diverse and sometimes harsh environments. Branchiopods, copepods, and the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 are suspected to adopt possible acid TRE as a supplementary strategy in response to stress.
The CJEU sets aside the quadruple fee rule for plant variety right infringers covered by the ‘agricultural exemption’
Authors: Crespo Velasco Adrián 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has invalidated Article 18(2) of Regulation No 1768/95, setting aside the ‘quadruple fee rule’ for intentional and negligent plant variety right infringers covered by the ‘agricultural exemption’.
The role of chloroplast movement in C4 photosynthesis: a theoretical analysis using a three-dimensional reaction–diffusion model for maize
Authors: Retta Moges A , Yin Xinyou , Ho Quang Tri , Watté Rodrigo , Berghuijs Herman N C , Verboven Pieter , Saeys Wouter , Cano Francisco Javier , Ghannoum Oula , Struik Paul C , Nicolaï Bart M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chloroplasts movement within mesophyll cells in C4 plants is hypothesized to enhance the CO2 concentrating mechanism, but this is difficult to verify experimentally. A three-dimensional (3D) leaf model can help analyse how chloroplast movement influences the operation of the CO2 concentrating mechanism. The first volumetric reaction–diffusion model of C4 photosynthesis that incorporates detailed 3D leaf anatomy, light propagation, ATP and NADPH production, and CO2, O2 and bicarbonate concentration driven by diffusional and assimilation/emission processes was developed. It was implemented for maize leaves to simulate various chloroplast movement scenarios within mesophyll cells: the movement of all mesophyll chloroplasts towards bundle sheath cells (aggregative movement) and movement of only those of interveinal mesophyll cells towards bundle sheath cells (avoidance movement). Light absorbed by bundle sheath chloroplasts relative to mesophyll chloroplasts increased in both cases. Avoidance movement decreased light absorption by mesophyll chloroplasts considerably. Consequently, total ATP and NADPH production and net photosynthetic rate increased for aggregative movement and decreased for avoidance movement compared with the default case of no chloroplast movement at high light intensities. Leakiness increased in both chloroplast movement scenarios due to the imbalance in energy production and demand in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. These results suggest the need to design strategies for coordinated increases in electron transport and Rubisco activities for an efficient CO2 concentrating mechanism at very high light intensities.
Quantitative, Spectro-kinetic Analysis of Oxygen in Electron-Beam Sensitive, Multimetallic Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: López-Haro Miguel , Gómez-Recio Isabel , Pan Huiyan , Delgado Juan J , Chen Xiaowei , Cauqui Miguel A , Pérez-Omil José A , Ruiz-González María L , Hernando María , Parras Marina , González-Calbet José M , Calvino José J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The oxygen stoichiometry of hollandite, KxMnO2-δ, nanorods has been accurately determined from a quantitative analysis of scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM) X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) experiments carried out in chrono-spectroscopy mode. A methodology combining 3D reconstructions of high-angle annular dark field electron tomography experiments, using compressed-sensing algorithms, and quantification through the so-called ζ-factors method of XEDS spectra recorded on a high-sensitivity detector has been devised to determine the time evolution of the oxygen content of nanostructures of electron-beam sensitive oxides. Kinetic modeling of O-stoichiometry data provided K0.13MnO1.98 as overall composition for nanorods of the hollandite. The quantitative agreement, within a 1% mol error, observed with results obtained by macroscopic techniques (temperature-programmed reduction and neutron diffraction) validate the proposed methodology for the quantitative analysis, at the nanoscale, of light elements, as it is the case of oxygen, in the presence of heavy ones (K, Mn) in the highly compromised case of nanostructured materials which are prone to electron-beam reduction. Moreover, quantitative comparison of oxygen evolution data measured at macroscopic and nanoscopic levels allowed us to rationalize beam damage effects in structural terms and clarify the exact nature of the different steps involved in the reduction of these oxides with hydrogen.
CSS1603+19: a low-mass polar near the cataclysmic variable period minimum
Authors: Liu Yiqi , Hwang Hsiang-Chih , Zakamska Nadia L , Thorstensen John R 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
CSS1603+19 is a cataclysmic variable (CV) with an orbital period of 81.96 min, near the minimal period of CVs. It is unusual in having a strong mid-infrared excess inconsistent with thermal emission from a brown dwarf companion. Here, we present time-resolved multiwavelength observations of this system. WISE photometry indicates that the mid-infrared excess displays a one-magnitude eclipsing-like variability during the orbit. We obtained near-infrared and optical spectroscopy using Gemini, MDM, and APO telescopes. Near-infrared spectra show possible cyclotron features indicating that the white dwarf has a magnetic field of about 5 MG. Optical and near-infrared spectra display double-peaked emission lines, with both components showing strong radial velocity variations during the orbital period and with the broad component leading the narrow component stably by about 0.2 of the orbital phase. We construct a physical model informed by existing observations of the system and determine that one component likely originates from the accretion column on to the magnetized white dwarf in synchronous rotation with the orbital motion and the other from the Roche overflow point. This allows us to constrain the masses of the binary components to be M1 &gt; 0.24 M⊙ for the white dwarf accretor and M2 = 0.0644 ± 0.0074 M⊙ for the donor. We classify the system as an AM Herculis star, or a polar. It has likely completed its stint on the period gap, but has not yet gone through the period bounce.
Support for the standard picture of thermal X-rays in the wind of ζ Puppis from dielectronic recombination of He-like ions
Authors: Gunderson Sean J , Gayley Kenneth G , Huenemoerder David P 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We use the line ratios of resolved X-ray resonance and satellite line pairs from Si xiii and Mg xi ions to test the widely held assumption that the shocked plasma in the wind of hot stars is in collisional ionization equilibrium. We specifically apply this test to the prototypical O supergiant ζ Puppis, as its line ratios are well resolved in its total 813 ks Chandra observation. This satellite-to-resonance line ratio is known to be a reliable diagnostic of plasma temperature but has yet to be applied to hot stars due to needing a long exposure time to see both lines above the continuum. In testing the assumed plasma state, we also provide evidence against significant ionization and excitation from proton collisions. Since dielectronic recombination (DR) allows somewhat lower energy free electrons to excite resonance lines than by the usual collisional pathways, we also use the DR flux ratios to extend diagnostics of the ionization fraction of the parent ion to lower temperatures than any other method can achieve. Also, the DR ratio supports a concept of an average free electron temperature, for each target ion used, which can constrain heating models.
Dissect two-halo galactic conformity effect for central galaxies: the dependence of star formation activities on the large-scale environment
Authors: Wang Kai , Peng Yingjie , Chen Yangyao 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the two-halo galactic conformity effect for central galaxies, which is the spatial correlation of the star formation activities for central galaxies to several Mpcs, by studying the dependence of the star formation activities of central galaxies on their large-scale structure in our local Universe using the SDSS data. Here we adopt a novel environment metric using only central galaxies quantified by the distance to the nth nearest central galaxy. This metric measures the environment within an aperture from ∼1 to ≳ 10 Mpc, with a median value of ∼4 Mpc. We found that two kinds of conformity effects in our local Universe. The first one is that low-mass central galaxies are more quenched in high-density regions, and we found that this effect mainly comes from low-mass centrals that are close to a more massive halo. A similar trend is also found in the IllustrisTNG simulation, which can be entirely explained by backsplash galaxies. The second conformity effect is that massive central galaxies in low-density regions are more star-forming. This population of galaxies also possesses a higher fraction of spiral morphology and lower central stellar velocity dispersion, suggesting that their low quiescent fraction is due to less-frequent major merger events experienced in the low-density regions and, as a consequence, less-massive bulges and central black holes.
FAM129A promotes self-renewal and maintains invasive status via stabilizing the Notch intracellular domain in glioma stem cells
Authors: Liu Guohao , Zhang Po , Chen Sui , Chen Zirong , Qiu Yanmei , Peng Peng , Huang Wenda , Cheng Fangling , Zhang Yang , Li Huan , Xiao Qungen , Mao Feng , Wang Baofeng , Jiang Xiaobing , Wan Feng , Guo Dongsheng , Yu Xingjiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal and tumorigenic capabilities in glioblastomas (GBMs). Diffuse infiltration of GSCs facilitates tumor progression and frustrates efforts at effective treatment. Further compounding this situation is the currently limited understanding of what drives GSC invasion. Here we comprehensively evaluated the significance of a novel invasion-related protein, Family with Sequence Similarity 129 Member A (FAM129A), in infiltrative GSCs.

Methods
Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis were used to quantify FAM129A in glioma specimens and cancer datasets. Overexpression and knockdown of FAM129A in GSCs were used to investigate its effects on tumor growth and invasion. RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and co-precipitation assays were used to investigate FAM129A signaling mechanisms.

Results
FAM129A is preferentially expressed in invasive frontiers. Targeting FAM129A impairs GSC invasion and self-renewal. Mechanistically, FAM129A acted as a positive regulator of Notch signaling by binding with the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and preventing its degradation.

Conclusions
FAM129A and NICD1 provide a precise indicator for identifying tumor margins and aiding prognosis. Targeting them may provide a significantly therapeutic strategy for GSCs.
Emerging open-channel droplet arrays for biosensing
Authors: Song Yongchao , Wang Lirong , Xu Tailin , Zhang Guangyao , Zhang Xueji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Open-channel droplet arrays have attracted much attention in the fields of biochemical analysis, biofluid monitoring, biomarker recognition and cell interactions, as they have advantages with regard to miniaturization, parallelization, high-throughput, simplicity and accessibility. Such droplet arrays not only improve the sensitivity and accuracy of a biosensor, but also do not require sophisticated equipment or tedious processes, showing great potential in next-generation miniaturized sensing platforms. This review summarizes typical examples of open-channel microdroplet arrays and focuses on diversified biosensing integrated with multiple signal-output approaches (fluorescence, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electrochemical, etc.). The limitations and development prospects of open-channel droplet arrays in biosensing are also discussed with regard to the increasing demand for biosensors.
Fibreglass dermatitis: diagnostic challenges and occupational interventions
Authors: Lim S Y D , Teo S , Tan K W A , Cheng W N S 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Fibreglass dermatitis is a common occupationally acquired irritant contact dermatitis, where small spicules of fibreglass lodging in the stratum corneum result in mechanical irritation. We present two patients, an air-conditioning ducting worker and an injection moulding machine operator, who both presented with generalized pruritus. In the first case, polarized microscopy of a skin biopsy specimen demonstrated rare small spicules, with a diameter of 1 µm, lodged in the stratum corneum. In the second case, skin tape stripping demonstrated fibreglass particles, not found on skin biopsy. Proper work practices, personal hygiene and use of impervious barrier materials were recommended. The first patient did not return for follow-up, and the second patient’s dermatitis resolved after handling of fibreglass-containing material was eliminated from his job scope. In conclusion, we present two cases of fibreglass dermatitis to illustrate the challenges in diagnosis and highlight strategies for prevention.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Practices in Two Large Integrated Health Systems in California, 2009–2018
Authors: Bruxvoort Katia J , Skarbinski Jacek , Fischer Heidi , Li Zhuoxin , Eaton Abigail , Qian Lei , Spence Brigitte , Wei Rong , Rieg Gunter , Shaw Sally , Tartof Sara Y 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is highly effective at preventing active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Understanding LTBI treatment practices in US health system settings is critical to identify opportunities to improve treatment prescription, initiation, and completion, and thus to prevent TB disease.

Methods
We assessed LTBI treatment practices among a cohort of adults after their first positive LTBI test (tuberculin skin test [TST] or interferon gamma release assay [IGRA]) between 2009 and 2018 at 2 large integrated health systems in California. We described the prescription, initiation, and completion of LTBI treatment (isoniazid [INH], rifampin, and rifamycin-INH short-course combinations) by demographic and clinical characteristics. We used multivariable robust Poisson regression to examine factors that were independently associated with treatment prescription and completion.

Results
Among 79 302 individuals with a positive LTBI test, 33.0% were prescribed LTBI treatment, 28.3% initiated treatment, and 18.5% completed treatment. Most individuals were prescribed INH (82.0%), but treatment completion was higher among those prescribed rifamycin-INH short-course combinations (69.6% for INH + rifapentine and 70.3% for INH + rifampin) compared with those prescribed INH (56.3%) or rifampin (56.6%). In adjusted analyses, treatment prescription and completion were associated with older age, female sex, more comorbidities, immunosuppression, not being born in a high–TB incidence country, and testing positive with IGRA vs TST.

Conclusions
LTBI treatment is underutilized, requiring tailored interventions to support treatment prescription and completion for patients with LTBI.
The role of coronary computed tomography angiography in pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction
Authors: Chokhachi Reihaneh , Reiss Craig K 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy-associated coronary artery dissection is one of the critical causes of myocardial infarction in young females. The challenges in the diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction prompted us to highlight the potential role of coronary computed angiography in managing this life-threatening medical condition.Case SummaryWe describe a case of a 29-year-old female with sudden onset chest discomfort one-week postpartum. She presented to the hospital with an ST-elevation myocardial infarction and was urgently taken to the cath lab for PCI and stent placement. Thirteen months later, with intermittent chest discomfort, an coronary computed tomography was done, demonstrating evidence of SCAD and aneurysm formation in the left main coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery. Repeat cardiac catheterization confirmed the same diagnosis. Given her refractory chest discomfort and the chance of aneurysm rupture decision was made to proceed with a three-vessel CABG. At 3-month and 1-year followup visits, the patient is doing well and remains pain-free.ConclusionIn this case presentation, we aim to highlight the potential role of Coronary Computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection, given the high accuracy and non invasiveness of this diagnostic modality in the context of the high prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in symptomatic or asymptomatic pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction.
Actionable Genomic Alterations in Prostate Cancer Among Black and White United States Veterans
Authors: Valle Luca F , Nickols Nicholas G , Hausler Ryan , Alba Patrick R , Anglin-Foote Tori , Perez Cristina , Yamoah Kosj , Rose Brent S , Kelley Michael J , DuVall Scott L , Garraway Isla P , Maxwell Kara N , Lynch Julie A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Black Veterans have higher a incidence of localized and metastatic prostate cancer compared to White Veterans yet are underrepresented in reports of frequencies of somatic and germline alterations. This retrospective analysis of somatic and putative germline alterations was conducted in a large cohort of Veterans with prostate cancer (N = 835 Black, 1613 White) who underwent next generation sequencing through the VA Precision Oncology Program, which facilitates molecular testing for Veterans with metastatic cancer. No differences were observed in gene alterations for FDA approved targetable therapies (13.5% in Black Veterans vs. 15.5% in White Veterans, P = .21), nor in any potentially actionable alterations (25.5% vs. 28.7%, P =.1). Black Veterans had higher rates of BRAF (5.5% vs. 2.6%, P &lt; .001) alterations, White Veterans TMPRSS2 fusions (27.2% vs. 11.7%, P &lt; .0001). Putative germline alteration rates were higher in White Veterans (12.0% vs. 6.1%, P &lt; .0001). Racial disparities in outcome are unlikely attributable to acquired somatic alterations in actionable pathways.
Left to their own devices: Radio, radiomen and radio stations in the making of Tibet’s modern political landscape
Authors: Zhang Huasha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article illuminates a correlation between Tibet’s national identity and technological peripheralization through three intertwined tales involving Chinese, British and Tibetan radio stations in Lhasa between 1934 and 1950. Instead of a political backwater, Tibet was crucial to the competition between an expansionist British Empire and a growingly nationalistic Republic of China in the Himalayas throughout the first half of the twentieth century. As Britain and China monopolized the radio to substantiate their respective political ambitions, Tibet was compelled to adopt an image of geographical remoteness and technological underdevelopment. Upon breaking the foreign monopoly, the Tibetan government managed to appropriate this image for the propagation of its definitions of Tibetan state and national identities. Both the radio and the lack thereof in Tibet, therefore, became key to the Chinese, British and Tibetan governments’ efforts in furthering their respective portrayals of the Tibetan state and nation, as well as Tibet’s position in relation to its neighbours and the rest of the world. In addition to illustrating the interaction of power and technology in the creation of peripheral regions and competing identities, the history of radio in Tibet also reveals the essential roles played by the individuals who oversaw the radio’s daily operations in such processes. Refusing to remain mere extensions of the state that they represented or the machine that they operated, these agents and technicians actively pursued their individual objectives, sometimes against the interests of their employers, shaping Tibet’s modern political landscape in unexpected yet significant ways