bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local and Systemic Cell-Mediated Immunity against Transmissible Gastroenteritis, an Intestinal Viral Infection of Swine
Authors: Frederick G. Thomas , Bohl Edward H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of local and systemic cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in swine against transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus, a coronavirus that infects the epithelial cells of the small intestine of swine, has been investigated. Leukocyte suspensions prepared from intestinal lamina propria (LP) and spleen were each incubated with and without inactivated TGE virus. The supernatants from these cultures were tested for the presence of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) by the indirect MIF test using guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells as the source of macrophages. All swine serologically negative for TGE antibodies (i.e., unexposed to TGE virus) were also negative for MIF. Fourteen of 15 swine orally exposed to TGE virus 6 to 30 days before assaying for CMI gave a positive test for MIF production by both LP and splenic lymphocytes. The 15th animal, orally exposed to TGE virus 27 days before assaying, was negative for MIF production by both LP and splenic lymphocytes. In nine of nine of these orally exposed animals where LP and splenic leukocyte suspensions were prepared so as to contain equal numbers of lymphocytes, the percentage of inhibition of migration by supernatants from LP preparations was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than by supernatants from spleen preparations. Two of three animals orally exposed to TGE virus 7 to 9 ½ months before assaying for CMI were negative for MIF production by lymphocytes from both sources. In 10 of 10 animals given TGE virus subcutaneously, MIF production by splenic lymphocytes was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than by LP lymphocytes, and in 9 of 10 of these animals MIF production by LP lymphocytes was negligible (percentage of inhibition of migration &lt; 3%).
Characterization of a Subpopulation of Human T Lymphocytes Reactive with an Heteroantiserum to Human Brain
Authors: Brouet Jean-Claude , Toben Howard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A rabbit antiserum to human fetal brain reacted after suitable absorptions with a subpopulation of human normal T cells. The distribution of reactive T cells varied according to the organ tested: 23% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, 5% of tonsil lymphocytes, and less than 1% of thymocytes were positive. Reactive cells did not transform after phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed stimulation but were at least weakly stimulated by allogeneic cells.
T-derived neoplastic cells from one case of T acute lymphoblastic leukemia, two patients with Sezary syndrome, and from three out of five cases of T chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL) yielded negative results. In contrast, all the leukemic cells from two other patients with T-derived CLL were positive suggesting a proliferation of homogeneous cells arising from only a subpopulation of T lymphocytes.
Radioimmunoassay for Detection of Antigen and Antibodies to Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Spira Gad , Silvian Ilana , Zakay-Rones Zichria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is treated with NP-40 and ether a membrane fraction of 150.000 m.w. is obtained. This fraction which is composed of two polypeptides with m.w. of 56.000 and 76.000 was used in a radioimmunoassay (RIA). The assay was developed for both antigen and antibody and was found to be reproducible, specific, and highly sensitive. Titers of 1:51,200 were determined by RIA as compared to 1:4 by agar gel diffusion and 1:200 by hemaglutination inhibition (HI). As little as 5 ng of viral protein were detected by RIA inhibition technique.
Labeled antigen could be stored in the presence of serum, KCI and Triton X-100 at -20°C for as long as 6 weeks and retained similar reactivity as fresh reagent.
Genetic Control of the Immune Response to the Ea-2 Alloantigen System of the Mouse
Authors: Stimpfling J. H. , Reichert A. E. , Blanchard S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immunization of selected congenic strains and hybrids against the Ea-2.1 cellular alloantigen of the mouse demonstrated that the hamagglutinating antibody response to Ea-2.1 is regulated by a gene or genes associated with the H-2 gene complex. H-2r and H-2b are, respectively, responder and non-responder haplotypes.
Effect of Proteolytic Digestion on the Structure and Function of Human Properdin
Authors: Minta Joe O. , Kunar Edith S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human properdin P̄ was found to be sensitive to the action of trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, and Streptomycetes caesipitosus protease. Incubation of P̄ with these enzymes resulted in loss of tis founctional activity and the productin of antigenically deficient components compared to untreated P̄. Upon incubation with trypsin, P̄ was initially cleaved into a minor fragment and a major fragment. Further degradation of the fragments occurred with prolongation of inculation time.The minor fragment wa highly susceptible to further proteolysis compared to the major fragment which contained fthe carbohydrate moiety of the molecule.
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of trypsin-digested P̄ suggested that the subunit polypeptide chains were initially cleaved at similar points to produce the major and minor fragments. The sedimentation velocity of the major fragment was higher than that of the intact molecule. The implications of these observations of the configuration of P̄ are discussed.
The Active E Rosette Test: Correlation with Delayed Cutaneous Hypersensitivity
Authors: Felsburg Peter J. , Edelman Robert , Gilman Robert H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An active subpopulation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, characterized by rapid (5-min) rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (A-RFC), was measured in normal individuals after they were skin tested with microbial antigens. A significant rise in A-RFC occurred in all individuals who developed positive delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) reactions, whereas skin test non-responders showed no significant rise in A-RFC. No similar consistent changes occurred in populations of total T cells, characterized by longer (60-min) rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes, or in B cells, measured by immunofluorescence of surface immunoglobulin. The A-RFC response paralleled the DCH response in timing, but not in intensity. These results provide in vivo evidence for a biologically distinct T cell subpopulation, and focus attention on the A-RFC as immunologically active cells.
Immunologic Reactivity to Soluble Autochthonous Tumor Extracts in Dogs with Spontaneous Maligancies
Authors: Tsoi Mang-So , Weiden Paul L. , Storb Rainer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The presence of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma (L) or solid tumors (ST) was investigated by testing soluble tumor cell extracts for their ability to stimulate autochthonous in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis and in vivo intradermal delayed hypersensitivity responses. Tumor extracts were prepared from tumor biopsies and control extracts were prepared from buffy-coat cells of tumor dogs by hypertonic KCl solubilization. Blastogenic responses to intact, cryopreserved, autochthonous tumor cells were also determined.
Fifteen of 26 (58%) L dogs and 23 of 32 (72%) ST dogs had positive blastogenic responses to at least one concentration of autochthonous tumor extracts. Blastogenic responses to tumor extract and to cryopreserved whole tumor cells correlated well when the tests were performed simultaneously. No consistent effect of autochthonous serum on the lymphocyte response to autochthonous tumor extract was observed.
Two of 11 L dogs showed a positive skin test to autochthonous tumor extract and none reacted to control extract. Three of 21 ST dogs showed a positive skin test and two had a borderline response, while two ST dogs had a positive response to control extract. However, five of seven L and nine of 18 ST dogs were anergic as defined by failure to respond to intradermal PPD challenge after sensitization with Bacille Calmette-Guerin.
In conclusion, lymphocytes from most dogs with spontaneous tumors underwent blastogenesis in vitro in response to autochthonous soluble tumor extracts, and these responses when tested simultaneously correlated well with responses to cryopreserved intact tumor cells. These results are compatible with the presence of TAA in extracts from cells of spontaneous canine tumors. Delayed skin test reactivity, however, was an uncommon and unpredictable finding, and does not appear to be useful in detecting TAA in the dog.
Amyloid Fibril Protein AA: Purification and Properties of the Antigenically Related Serum Component As Determined by Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Sipe Jean D. , Ignaczak Thomas F. , Pollock P. Scott , Glenner George G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The isolation by gel filtration of a serum component (SAA), antigenically related to the major fibrillar amyloid protein (AA), associated with “secondary” amyloidosis, has been monitored by a solid phase radioimmunoassay for the AA protein to detect cross-reacting serum fractions. Evidence is presented that not all cross-reacting antigenic determinants are accessible in native SAA, since additional determinants are revealed during the isolation procedure.
The native structure of SAA appears to be quite labile. SAA from freshly collected serum has a m.w. of 180,000 and co-chromatographs with IgG. However, species of higher m.w. are observed after storage of serum at 4°C or upon chromatography of serum in ammonium bicarbonate. Denatured SAA has a tendency to aggregate under strong dissociating conditions. A 12,500 m.w. antigenic species (SAAL) was detected upon guanidine-HCI denaturation of SAA, by earlier studies employing double immunodiffusion. However, evidence is presented here that the major part of the antigenic activity after guanidine-HCl treatment was of m.w. greater than 12,500, but was unreactive in double immunodiffusion. Formic acid treatment of cross-reacting serum fractions does result in virtually complete dissociation of SAA to SAAL, however. Furthermore, formic acid-dissociated SAAL is of comparable immunoreactivity with AA, on a molar basis, unlike SAAL obtained from SAA by guanidine-HCl denaturation.
Contamination of Con A Preparations
Authors: Fumarola Donato , Jirillo Emilio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Brunson's and Watson's paper (J. Immunol. 1975, 115:599) about contamination of Con A preparations with bacterial endotoxins overlooks our personal experience with the same problem (Fumarola et al., Giorn.Batt. Virol. Immun. 1974, 67:289; Progr. Medico, 1975, 31:903). We have found that phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, anti-lymphocyte serum, and transfer factor gave strong positive reactions in the Limulus assay. The concentrations of endotoxin often present in these preparations are high enough to influence immunologic reactions of lymphocytes. However, in studies of this sort it is most important to quantify the level of apparent contamination of reagents so that one can compare these levels with known levels of endotoxin in similar experimental models. In this way one can be sure of the significance of one's findings. Using serial dilution of some samples we detected an amount of endotoxin ranging between 1 and 5 µg/ml.
Separate Fc-Receptors for Immunoglobulins IgG2a and IgG2b on an Established Cell Line of Mouse Macrophages
Authors: Walker William S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The specificity of Fc-receptors on IC-21 cells, an established line of mouse peritoneal macrophages with antibody-dependent effector cell activity has been examined. Only IgG2a and IgG2b myeloma proteins bound readily to IC-21 Fc-receptors, the former in nonaggregated as well as aggregated form, the latter only as aggregated complexes. Thus, IgG2a bound in a manner characteristic of classically defined cytophilic antibody, whereas the binding of IgG2b appeared to be mediated by Fc-receptors for antigen-antibody complexes. Evidence is presented in support of the view that IC-21 macrophages possess separate and distinct Fc-receptor sites for these two immunoglobulins.
Characterization of T and B Antigen-Binding Cells for β-Galactosidase
Authors: Swain Susan , Modabber Farrokh , Coons Albert H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The results reported in this paper suggest that the specific Z-binding cells of the normal mouse include a large portion of T lymphocytes. Depletion of T cells with anti-θ serum and cortisone indicates that the majority of the ZBC of the thymus, which occur at frequencies of about 150/106, are indeed T cells. Similar treatment of spleen cells suggests that approximately half the binding cells in that organ are contributed by the T lymphocyte population. T- and B-enriched populations obtained from the spleen by using differential adherence to nylon wool contained equal numbers of ZBC and bound equivalent amounts of the antigen. Hence, there appears to be a high frequency of T lymphocytes that can be shown to bind β-galactosidase specifically in both the thymus and spleen of normal mice.
Motheaten, an Immunodeficient Mutant of the Mouse
Authors: Shultz Leonard D. , Green Margaret C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice homozygous for the recessive mutation motheaten (me) are deficient in capacity for immune response but show an elevated level of serum immunoglobulins. In comparison to spleen cells from normal sibs, spleen cells from me/me mice have a severely depressed 19S PFC response to SRBC. In the GVH assay, spleen and thymus cells from motheaten donors caused significantly weaker reactions than like cells from normal sibs. Serum electrophoretic patterns of motheaten mice showed increased levels of α-, β-, and γ-globulins and decreased levels of albumin. Increases in quantities of all major classes of immunoglobulins were found in serum of me/me mice 5 weeks of age and older. Elevation of serum IgM was evident by 3 weeks of age and had reached 25 times the levels in normal sibs by 6 weeks of age. Immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony analysis showed motheaten serum to have both κ and λ2 light chains. Evidence of autoimmunity was found in motheaten mice in the granular deposition of IgM and IgG in kidney glomeruli. Motheaten mice, thus, appear to have a severe immune deficiency, but the basic nature of the deficiency is not yet known.
Immune Mechanisms in Leukemia: Protective Capacity of the Major Lymphoid Cell Compartments
Authors: Lukasewycz Omelan A. , Duffey Paul S. , Murphy William H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity of immune spleen, lymph node, peritoneal, bone marrow, and thymic cells to protect C58/wm mice from syngeneic transplanted line Ib leukemia was quantified. Cells harvested 14 to 15 days after primary immunization were used for adoptive protection tests. Regression curves were computer analyzed and log10, PD50 values compared. For immune spleen, lymph node, peritoneal, bone marrow, and thymic cells the PD50 values were 4.53, 5.92, 4.88, 5.51, and 5.59, respectively. When immune spleen cells were treated with anti-Thy 1.2 serum the PD50 value was increased from 4.73 to 6.09, i.e., protection was reduced ≥95%. Similar treatment of immune thymic cells reduced protection below measureable values. Anti-B cell sera (anti-IgM and anti-Ly 4.2) did not reduce the protective effect of immune spleen or marrow cells. These results indicate that a major protective cell population in each of these compartments was θ-positive. Experiments were carried out to characterize the cortisone (CS) and x-ray sensitivity of immune spleen, thymic, and marrow cells. When donor mice were treated with 12.5 mg of cortisone acetate/day for 2 days before lymphoid cells were harvested, the protective effects of immune spleen cells, but not immune thymic or marrow cells, was reduced. When immune spleen cells were x-irradiated in vitro, their protective effect was reduced by 350 R and abolished by 1000 R. When mice received whole body x-irradiation 24 hr before immune spleen cells were transferred their protective effect was reduced by 1000 R but only slightly lowered by 350 R. The possible significance of the multicompartmental nature of immunity to leukemia was discussed.
Preparation and Effects of an Anti-B Cell Serum
Authors: Kakiuchi Terutaka , Nariuchi Hideo , Tamura Noboru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An heterologous antiserum specific for bone marrow-derived cells (B cells) was prepared by immunizing rabbits with lymph node cells from nude mice. After absorption with mouse red blood and thymus cells, the antiserum killed a population of cells from various lymphoid organs and the cytotoxic effects were inversely related to those of anti-ϑ antibody.
When bone marrow or spleen cells were treated with the antiserum and guinea pig complement before transfer into irradiated mice, the number of plaque-forming cells was greatly reduced in the spleen of the recipient. Pretreatment of thymus cells with the antiserum in a similar way resulted in no inhibition of hemolytic plaque. When spleen cells from mice previously immunized with sheep red blood cells were treated with the antiserum and complement, the formation of hemolytic plaque was not affected.
These findings indicated that the antiserum was specific for B cells and that the number of antigenic determinants on B cells to which the antiserum reacted decreases during differentiation into antibody-forming cells.
Endodermally-Derived and Neural Crest-Derived Differentiation Antigens Expressed by a Human Lung Tumor
Authors: Bell C. Elliott , Seetharam Shakuntla , McDaniel Robert C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The plasma membrane antigens of an undifferentiated small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence method on frozen section substrates with a rabbit antiserum prepared to the tumor plasma membrane fraction. After appropriate absorption of the antiserum, at least two differentiation antigens present on the tumor cells but undetectable on normal lung surface or glandular epithelial cells were identified. One antigen(s) was characteristic of certain normal, endodermally-derived epithelial cells of the digestive system, including those of colonic mucosa, hepatic ducts, pancreatic ducts and acini, and islets of Langerhans. The other antigen(s) was characteristic of certain normal, neural crest-derived cells in the peripheral nervous system, including cells in peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and anterior roots of the spinal cord; parasympathetic ganglion cells in the colon; and small nerves and nerve processes in the lung, colon, and skin. It was concluded that the presence of these differentiation antigens on the tumor cells resulted from the expression of gene products repressed in the normal cell of origin of the tumor.
Splenic Suppressing Factor: Purification and Characterization of a Factor Suppressing Thymidine Incorporation into Activated Lymphocytes
Authors: Kasahara Tadashi , Shioiri-Nakano Kohei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Suppressing activity upon the mitogen-activated lymphocytes was found in the supernatant (SUP) from the culture of mouse spleen, high-density subpopulation of thymocytes, and peritoneal exudate cells. Suppressing factor was obtained from the non-stimulated lymphocytes cultured for 24 to 36 hr with or without serum. Suppressing activity in the SUP was observed in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine, and 3H-leucine into Con A-activated lymphocytes or in the proliferation of L cells. Suppressing factor partially purified by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography was a heat-stable and dialyzable substance(s). Further purification and isolation of this factor by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography revealed that this was thymidine and thymidine monophosphate. The suppression in 3H-thymidine incorporation was attributed to the dilution effect of cold thymidine released from cultured lymphocytes.
Biologic Activities of Rabbit Immunoglobulin G in Relation to Domains of the Fc Region
Authors: Ovary Zoltan , Saluk Paul H. , Quijada Luis , Lamm Michael E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Biologic properties of antibodies are known to be mediated by the Fc portion of the H chains. In the present study such properties as complement fixation, cutaneous anaphylaxis, and macrophage cytophilia were examined in relation to the CH2 and CH3 domains of rabbit IgG. Fragments containing but one of these domains were prepared from plasmin and papain digests. Facb fragments of anti-DNP antibodies, together with the antigen DNP-BSA, were able to fix complement by the classical pathway, a result which implicates the CH2 domain; however, guinea pig Fab fragments directed to regions of the rabbit antibody molecule other than CH2 were able to inhibit complement fixation. Facb fragments were unable to mediate PCA or reverse PCA reactions in guinea pigs, nor were CH3 fragments active in tests of reverse PCA or inhibition of PCA. These results suggest that the entire Fc region is needed for cutaneous anaphylaxis. The ability to bind to guinea pig lung macrophages was studied with a rosette technique. Facb fragments were active whereas CH3 fragments failed to inhibit. It is suggested that although some effector functions of antibodies can be assigned to individual domains, others require the entire Fc region.
Release of Tumor-Associated Antigens by Murine Melanoma Cells
Authors: Bystryn Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synthesis and release of radiolabeled macromolecules and tumor-associated antigens (MAA) by murine B16 melanoma was studied by pulse labeling cells in culture with 3H-leucine. Approximately 36% of newly synthesized macromolecules and 44% of newly synthesized MAA were released in 48 hr. MAA release was slightly, but consistently, more rapid than the average release of other macromolecules. Release of MAA did not result solely from cell death since it was greater than that of 51Cr-labeled molecules and cell viability was over 98%. The rate of release of newly synthesized MAA was not significantly influenced by cell replication. However, synthesis of MAA was much greater during the logarithmic than the stationary phase of cell growth, suggesting a concomitant increase in the amount of MAA available for release.
These findings indicate that antigens and other macromolecules can be rapidly released by viable tumor cells.