bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Localized Deficient Mismatch Repair Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Emiloju Oluwadunni E. , Sinicrope Frank A. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceColorectal cancers (CRCs) with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) account for 15% of all CRCs. Deficient MMR is a predictive biomarker associated with responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors, including CRC. The remarkable effectiveness of ICIs in metastatic CRC has led to their evaluation in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of localized disease.ObservationsMultiple prospective phase 2 studies in limited numbers of patients with localized dMMR CRC demonstrate high complete clinical and pathological response rates (60%-100%) to neoadjuvant ICIs, with low rates of grade 3 or higher ICI-related toxic effects. Given the median follow-up of 12 to 25 months in these studies, longer-term monitoring is needed to determine the durability of response and to ensure that oncologic outcomes are not compromised in patients undergoing nonoperative management. Neoadjuvant ICI therapy is especially attractive for patients with rectal cancer given the significant morbidity that accompanies pelvic irradiation and total mesorectal excision. Ongoing and planned prospective phase 2 trials will provide further data on important issues, including optimal neoadjuvant treatment duration, ICI monotherapy vs combination, and the need for adjuvant ICI therapy.Conclusions and RelevanceWhile this review found that early results of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for localized dMMR CRC show high rates of major and complete pathological response, longer-term follow-up data are needed to ensure that oncologic outcomes are not compromised and are ideally improved. Neoadjuvant ICI therapy in localized dMMR CRC represents a potential paradigm shift with implications for organ preservation.
Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor Therapy for Chronic Sinus Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sheikh Shahid , Ho Mai-Lan , Eisner Mariah , Gushue Courtney , Paul Grace , Holtzlander Melissa , Johnson Terri , McCoy Karen S. , Lind Meredith 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceCystic fibrosis (CF) is a multiorgan genetic disease with progressive upper and lower airway involvement. The effects of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modifier therapies on CF-related upper airway disease, specifically chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are not characterized.ObjectiveTo determine the outcome of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) on CRS as measured by changes in sinus computed tomography (CT) metrics and on clinical parameters in individuals with CF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the CF center of a tertiary care hospital between October 1, 2019, and July 31, 2021. A total of 64 participants with CF were included in the analysis.InterventionSinus CT was obtained within 1 month of initiation of ETI therapy (baseline), and within 1 month of 1 year of ETI therapy. Images were independently analyzed by pulmonology, radiology, and otolaryngology physicians, using the Lund-Mackay and Sheikh-Lind scoring systems. Percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (ppFEV1), body mass index (BMI), and microbiologic data collected at initiation of ETI therapy and 3-month intervals for 1 year were also measured.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe study hypothesis was that ETI therapy will improve CRS as measured by changes in sinus CT at initiation and 1 year after ETI therapy and clinical parameters in individuals with CF.ResultsAmong the 64 participants (39 [60.9%] female; median age, 18.5 [IQR, 16.0-28.5] years; 64 [100%] White), improvement in CRS was noted by improvements in sinus CT scans using both sinus CT scoring systems after 1 year of ETI therapy. The reduction in the median total score using the Lund-Mackay sinus CT scoring system (from 5.8 [IQR, 5.0-7.0] to 3.3 [IQR, 2.6-4.2]) and the Sheikh-Lind scoring system (from 3.8 [IQR, 3.0-5.0] to 2.2 [IQR, 2.0-2.5]) was noted. Increases in ppFEV1 and BMI were also observed by 3 months of ETI therapy with persistent improvement through 1 year of treatment. Similarly, after 1 year of ETI therapy, participants with CF had reductions in positivity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in oropharyngeal cultures.Conclusion and RelevanceThis cohort study found that use of ETI therapy was associated with improved CRS outcomes in participants with CF as quantified by improved sinus CT scans measured by 2 radiographic scoring systems and was also associated with improved clinical outcomes. Despite improvement in CT scan scores, most people with CF continue to have scores that indicate severe sinus disease.
Mastering Digital Media for Workers, Employers, and Our Community of Practice
Authors: Lum Max 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBefore health and safety information can be used to make policy or designed to change behavior, it must be contextually translated and disseminated within a social context. The communication process is a social process. It is therefore critical that our digital media strategies are designed to share our ideas within a more social context. Ideally, digital marketing interventions to change behavior should include social strategies for extending the reach of relevant information, moving our audiences to engage with the information, and finally stimulating activities for action. Health and safety professionals can extend the reach of useful safety and health information and assist the knowledge‐translation process by understanding the current digital media landscape and utilizing the appropriate digital platforms to include, but not limited to, social media, social video, Wikipedia, smartphone‐assisted apps, and wearables. Safety standards, guidelines, and knowledge gained from peer‐reviewed journals and evidence‐based practice are helpful resources for new learning, but information must be put into a more social context to reach and engage users. Dissemination is not engagement, and engagement is not action, but they are key parts of the digital media continuum moving essential information into practice. Having a huge social media presence does not assure action by our target audiences. As safety and health practitioners, we love to share evidence‐based findings, but we must constantly strive to understand and utilize effective and relevant social strategies to move our users beyond reach to engagement and impact.
Simulation as a tool to model potential workflow enhancements in radiotherapy treatment pathways – A systematic review
Authors: Robinson Andrew , Asaduzzaman Md , Jena Raj , Naemi Roozbeh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to synthesize and summarize the use of simulation of radiotherapy pathways. The objective was to establish the suitability of those simulations in modeling the potential introduction of processes and technologies to speed up radiotherapy pathways. A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed and Scopus databases to evaluate the use of simulation in radiotherapy pathways. Full journal articles and conference proceedings were considered, and the search was limited to the English language only. To be eligible for inclusion, articles had to model multiple sequential processes in the radiotherapy pathway concurrently to demonstrate the suitability of simulation modeling in typical pathways. Papers solely modeling scheduling, capacity, or queuing strategies were excluded. In total, 151 potential studies were identified and screened to find 18 relevant studies in October 2022. Studies showed that various pathways could be modeled, including the entire pathway from referral to end of treatment or the constituent phases such as pre‐treatment, treatment, or other subcomponents. The data required to generate models varied from study to study, but at least 3 months of data were needed. This review demonstrates that modeling and simulation of radiotherapy pathways are feasible and that model output matches real‐world systems. Validated models give researchers confidence to modify models with potential workflow enhancements to assess their potential effect on real‐world systems. It is recommended that researchers follow best practice guidelines when building models to ensure that they are fit for purpose and to enable decision makers to have confidence in their results.
Wearing individualized 3D printed oral stent to protect normal tissues in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Wanfu , Yang Zhihua , Pan Wenyan , Li Hailiang , Zhao Ting , Meng Yin , Ma Guofeng , Ye Hongqiang , Shang Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate a new individualized 3D printed oral stent in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and carry out a comparative analysis combining with clinical case.Material and MethodsThirty NPC patients treated in our institution from September 2021 to October 2022 were prospectively enrolled. An individualized 3D printed oral stent was designed for each patient, and one set of computed tomography (CT) slices were obtained with /without wearing the oral stent, respectively. After delineation of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) on the two CT slices, we finished two treatment plans by using the same target objectives, critical constraints and plan setup for each patient. Finally, the dose distribution and other dosimetric parameters of target volumes and OARs between the two plans were compared.ResultsTongue volume and tongue length outside of mouth was 10.4 ± 2.5 cm3 and 2.8 ± 0.6 cm, respectively, distance between dorsal surface of oral tongue and plate increased from 0.3 ± 0.3 cm to 2.2 ± 0.5 cm by wearing the oral stent. For the target volume, there was no significant difference. However, Dmax of tongue, tongue tip and periglottis decreased significantly from 6352.6 ± 259.9 cGy to 5994.9 ± 478.9 cGy, 3499.8 ± 250.6 cGy to 3357.7 ± 158.0 cGy and 6345.5 ± 171.0 cGy to 6133.4 ± 263.3 cGy, respectively (p = 0.000); Dmean of tongue, tongue tip and periglottis decreased significantly from 3714.7 ± 204.2 cGy to 3169.7 ± 200.9 cGy, 3060.8 ± 216.2 cGy to 2509.6 ± 196.7 cGy and 3853.3 ± 224.9 cGy to 3079.3 ± 222.0 cGy, respectively (p = 0.000).ConclusionThe individualized 3D printed oral stent can reduce the dose of oral tissues and organs, so as to reduce the oral adverse reactions and improve the compliance of patients and the quality of their life. The technique can be used in radiotherapy of NPC patients.
Uracil Induced Simultaneously Strengthening Grain Boundaries and Interfaces Enables High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Operational Stability
Authors: Wang Min , Sun Haoxuan , Wang Meng , Meng Linxing , Li Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe operational stability is a huge obstacle to further commercialization of perovskite solar cells. To address this critical issue, in this work, uracil is introduced as a “binder” into the perovskite film to simultaneously improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability. Uracil can efficiently passivate defects and strengthen grain boundaries to enhance the stability of perovskite films. Moreover, the uracil also strengthens the interface between the perovskite and the Tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer to increase the binding force. The uracil‐modified devices deliver a champion PCE of 24.23% (certificated 23.19%) with negligible hysteresis at active area of 0.0625 cm2. In particular, the optimal device exhibits over 90% of its initial PCE after tracking for ≈6000 h at its maximum power point under continuous light, indicating its superior operational stability. Moreover, the devices also show great reproducibility in both PCE and operational stability.
Deciphering the mandibular shape variation in a group of Malagasy primates using Fourier outline analysis
Authors: Miarisoa Jeanne Emma , Raveloson Herimalala , Randrianambinina Blanchard , Couette Sébastien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesAmong living Malagasy primates, the family Lemuridae has previously been recognized as presenting a higher mandibular morphological variation than other families. We conducted a quantitative analysis of mandibular size and shape within the five genera (Lemur,Eulemur,Hapalemur,Prolemur, andVarecia) associated with a set of covariables that could explain this variation.Materials and MethodsWe used Fourier outline analysis on the left hemimandible of 182 specimens covering the Lemuridae family. The influence of the phylogeny but also seven covariables (genus, diet, sex, sexual behavior, mating system, ecoregion, and forest type) on mandibular variation was examined using multivariate statistics and model selection.ResultsOur results indicate that the high level of morphological variation within the family, associated with a phylogenetic effect and differences in diet, is due to a strong distinction between the generaProlemurandHapalemurand the other genera of the family. A second analysis, correcting this strong effect, indicates that mandibular shape variation is influenced not only by the phylogeny and the diet but by a combination of all the covariables.DiscussionThe analysis of morphological variation is a powerful tool with major applications, both for the estimation of biological diversity and for the understanding of the fundamental parameters of species' ecology. Our work indicates that, if mandibular shape variation is mainly driven by dietary adaptation, other variables describing ecology and habitat should be considered and taken into account for an integrative understanding of species resources and the establishment of conservation measures.
A novel radiological assessment to identify acute vertebral compression fractures: A pilot observational study
Authors: Tsuruta Keisuke , Ueyama Toru , Watanabe Tomoo , Kobata Yasunori , Nakano Kenichi , Fukushima Hidetada 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe diagnosis of acute vertebral compression fractures (AVCFs) is often challenging. An alternative to magnetic resonance imaging, which may not always be available, includes a comparison of supine and sitting/standing position radiographs. However, this cannot be accomplished in patients with acute vertebral compression fractures who require emergency transport and are in severe pain. In this study, aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of comparing lateral‐view radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine in supine and 30° head‐elevated positions, which are less painful.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 30 patients with AVCFs who were transported by ambulance to our emergency department between June 2018 and May 2019. All underwent 30° head‐elevated lateral‐view thoracolumbar spine radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated vertebral fractures by examining changes in vertebral wedging ratio (WR) from supine to 30° head‐elevated position (Δ WR) using the following equation: Δ WR = WR (30° head‐elevated) – WR (supine). We compared Δ WR to that of unfractured vertebrae as control.ResultsA total of 176 vertebrae were included (fractured, 32 and non‐fractured, 144). Δ WR of fractured vertebrae ranged between 5.1% and 24.4%, whereas non‐fractured vertebrae ranged between −6.7% and 4.3%. Median Δ WR of fractured vertebrae was significantly higher than non‐fractured vertebrae (12.6% versus −0.5%, p < 0.001). No patients reported pain during 30° head‐elevated positioning.ConclusionsLateral radiographs in supine and 30° head‐elevated positions can accurately diagnose of AVCF, without worsening pain. This study showed a Δ WR value of ≥5.1% for AVCFs.
The complex relationship between creativity and consumer ethics depending on endemic corruption in emerging and developed countries
Authors: Li Zhen , Gentina Elodie , Maille Virginie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCreativity and ethics are two topics that are extremely important to business managers and researchers. However, only limited research has examined their relationship and has shown contradictory results: the effect of creativity on unethical behavior proves to be sometimes positive, sometimes negative. In this vein, building on social cognitive theory, we examine whether this relationship depends on a macroeconomic factor – endemic corruption – as a boundary condition. We further consider the mechanism through which creativity can lead to unethical behavior and focus on the role of subjective well‐being. We collect data from 1463 individuals in two high‐corruption and emerging countries, Brazil and China, and two low‐corruption and developed countries, France and the United States. Based on a multi‐level (or hierarchical) analysis, our results show that, in high‐corruption countries, creativity is negatively related to unethical behaviors. Conversely, in low‐corruption countries, the relationship is positive and mediated by subjective well‐being.
Urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis in the hemophilia a patient with chronic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Li Fang‐Fang , Guan Yu‐Xia , Wang Long‐Fei , Zhou Zi‐Juan 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case illustrates that under comprehensive management of individual and clinical needs, urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis can be performed safely without bleeding complications in patients with hemophilia A who developed end‐stage renal disease. Patients in these cases can benefit from synthetic strategy.AbstractHemophilia A is a serious inherited bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involvement in hemophilia is relatively rare, but there has been an upward trend in the survival time of patients with prolonged hemophilia. Although peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often used as the first treatment modality for renal replacement treatment, limited data are available on comprehensive management in the hemophilia A population, especially for urgent‐start PD. A 56‐year‐old man who had hemophilia A, was diagnosed with CKD 3 years ago and developed end‐stage renal disease was admitted to our hospital after contracting pneumonia and undergoing subsequent Type I respiratory failure. Urgent‐start PD improved his condition and health outcomes, and protected his residual renal function. This case is the first study of a Chinese male patient with hemophilia A who developed end‐stage renal disease. We summarize the clinical treatment and nursing care strategies of urgent‐start PD in a hemophilia A patient with end‐stage renal disease. This case illustrates that under comprehensive management of individual and clinical needs, urgent‐start PD can be performed safely without bleeding complications in patients with hemophilia A.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Walter Johannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDer promovierte Chemieingenieur Dr.‐Ing. Johannes Walter wird mit dem Friedrich‐Löffler‐Preis des VDI ausgezeichnet. Der Experten für Partikelmesstechnik ist Arbeitsgruppenleiter “Advanced Colloid Characterization” am Lehrstuhl für Feststoff‐ und Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik an der Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg und Geschäftsführer des Sonderforschungsbereichs 1411 “Design of Particulate Products”.
C2,α$C^{2,\alpha }$ regularity of free boundaries in optimal transportation
Authors: Chen Shibing , Liu Jiakun , Wang Xu‐Jia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe regularity of the free boundary in optimal transportation is equivalent to that of the potential function along the free boundary. By establishing new geometric estimates of the free boundary and studying the second boundary value problem of the Monge‐Ampère equation, we obtain the regularity of the potential function as well as that of the free boundary, thereby resolve an open problem raised by Caffarelli and McCann.
Connecting higher‐order interactions with ecological stability in experimental aquatic food webs
Authors: Shen Chenyu , Lemmen Kimberley , Alexander Jake , Pennekamp Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCommunity ecology is built on theories that represent the strength of interactions between species as pairwise links. Higher‐order interactions (HOIs) occur when a species changes the pairwise interaction between a focal pair. Recent theoretical work has highlighted the stabilizing role of HOIs for large, simulated communities, yet it remains unclear how important higher‐order effects are in real communities. Here, we used experimental communities of aquatic protists to examine the relationship between HOIs and stability (as measured by the persistence of a species in a community). We cultured a focal pair of consumers in the presence of additional competitors and a predator and collected time series data of their abundances. We then fitted competition models with and without HOIs to measure interaction strength between the focal pair across different community compositions. We used survival analysis to measure the persistence of individual species. We found evidence that additional species positively affected persistence of the focal species and that HOIs were present in most of our communities. However, persistence was only linked to HOIs for one of the focal species. Our results vindicate community ecology theory positing that species interactions may deviate from assumptions of pairwise interactions, opening avenues to consider possible consequences for coexistence and stability.
Examining beliefs about reconciliation and social integration in Kosovo: Testing effects of interethnic contact and differences in perspective among ethnic Albanians and Serbs
Authors: Morhayim Liora , Tropp Linda R. , Maloku Edona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcross two studies, this research examined belief that reconciliation is necessary, belief that reconciliation is possible and belief in the value of social integration and willingness to integrate socially among Kosovar Albanians and Kosovar Serbs. Study 1 assessed these beliefs through a general population survey distributed via social media, whereas Study 2 assessed them before and after Kosovar youth participated in a program encouraging cross‐ethnic contact. Results show that these beliefs are modestly correlated and they show significant differences across ethnic groups. As the ethnic minority in Kosovo, Serbs are less likely to believe that reconciliation is possible and less willing to integrate socially than Kosovar Albanians. Moreover, across both studies, contact experience is a significant predictor of reconciliation beliefs regardless of ethnicity. Study 2 revealed that Kosovar youth can become more likely to believe that reconciliation is possible and social integration is valuable through participating in a cross‐ethnic contact program.