bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the relationship between tibiofemoral geometry and passive motion with partial least squares regression
Authors: O'Rourke Dermot , Bucci Francesca , Burton William S. , Al‐Dirini Rami , Taylor Mark , Martelli Saulo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTibiofemoral geometry influences knee passive motion and understanding their relationship can provide insight into knee function and mechanisms of injury. However, the complexity of the geometric constraints has made characterizing the relationship challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the tibiofemoral bone geometries that explain the variation in passive motion using a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. The PLSR model was developed for 29 healthy cadaver specimens (10 female, 19 male) with femur and tibia geometries retrieved from MRI images and six degree‐of‐freedom tibiofemoral kinematics determined during a flexion cycle with minimal medial pressure. The first 13 partial least squares (PLS) components explained 90% of the variation in the kinematics and accounted for 89% of the variation in geometry. The first three PLS components which shared geometric changes to particular surface congruencies of the tibial and femoral condyles explained the most amount of variation in the kinematics, primarily in anterior–posterior translation. Meanwhile, variations in femoral condyle width and the intercondylar space, tibia plateau size and conformity, and tibia eminences heights in PLS 2 and 4 explained the greatest amount of variation in internal–external rotation. PLS 4 exhibiting variation in overall size of the knee accounted for greatest amount of variation in geometry (50%) and had the greatest influence on the abduction–adduction motion and some on internal–external rotation but, overall, explained only a small proportion of the kinematics (10%). Elucidating the complex relationship between tibiofemoral bone geometry and passive kinematics may help personalize treatments for improved functional outcomes in patients.
Smaller epiphyseal tubercle in hips with slipped capital femoral epiphysis compared to the uninvolved contralateral hip
Authors: Mitchell Charles , Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Emami Alex , Maranho Daniel A. , Novais Eduardo N. , Kiapour Ata M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent investigations suggest that physeal morphologic features have a major role in the capital femoral epiphysis stability and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) pathology, with a smaller epiphyseal tubercle and larger peripheral cupping of the femoral epiphysis being present in hips with progressive SCFE compared to healthy controls. Yet, little is known on the causal versus remodeling nature of these associations. This study aimed to use preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with unilateral SCFE to perform a comparison of the morphology of the epiphyseal tubercle, metaphyseal fossa, and peripheral cupping in hips with SCFE versus the contralateral uninvolved hips. Preoperative MRIs from 22 unilateral SCFE patients were used to quantify the morphological features of the epiphyseal tubercle (height, width, and length), metaphyseal fossa (depth, width, and length), and peripheral cupping height in three dimension. The quantified anatomical features were compared between hips with SCFE and the contralateral uninvolved side across the whole cohort and within SCFE severity subgroups using paired t‐test. We found significantly smaller epiphyseal tubercle heights (p < 0.001) across all severities of SCFE when compared to their uninvolved contralateral side. There was a marginally smaller metaphyseal fossa length (p = 0.05) in SCFE hips compared to their contralateral uninvolved hips, with mild SCFE hips specifically having smaller fossa and epiphyseal lengths (p < 0.05) than their contralateral uninvolved side. There were no side‐to‐side differences in any other features of the epiphyseal tubercle, metaphyseal fossa and peripheral cupping across all severities (p > 0.05). These findings suggest a potential causal role of epiphyseal tubercle in SCFE pathogenesis.
Frame Rate Exposimetry for Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage During Lung Ultrasound
Authors: Miller Douglas L. , Dou Chunyan , Dong Zhihong 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesLung ultrasound (LUS) is a powerful and accessible clinical tool for pulmonary diagnosis, but risk of pulmonary capillary hemorrhage (PCH) presents a safety issue. The dependence of PCH in a rat model of LUS was evaluated for image frames‐per‐second (fps) and associated on‐screen Mechanical Index (MIOS) and Thermal Index (TI).MethodsA Philips iE33 machine with L15‐7io probe was used to scan anesthetized rats in a warmed water bath. B mode was applied at 9 MHz with settings of 34, 61 and 118 fps. After 2 minutes of exposure at an MIOS setting, samples were obtained for assessment of PCH areas on the lung surface. Ultrasound parameters were measured to determine the in situ MIIS at the lung surface.ResultsThe PCH trend counter‐intuitively decreased with increasing fps, with areas of 19.5 mm2 for 34 fps (MIOS = 1.0, TI = 0.8, 4080 images), 9.6 mm2 at 61 fps (MIOS = 1.0, TI = 0.5, 7320 images) and 7.5 mm2 at 118 fps (MIOS = 1.1, TI = 0.4, 14,160 images). The PCH was not significantly different for 34 fps (TI = 0.5, MIOS = 0.8) (10.7 mm2), compared to 61 and 118 fps, above, indicating some value for the TI as a predictive indicator of PCH. MIIS thresholds were 0.42, 0.46, and 0.49 for 34, 61 and 118 fps, respectively.ConclusionsThe increase in PCH at low fps was associated with delivering more relatively high amplitude grazing pulse exposures during slower image scans. No significant PCH was found for the MIOS setting of 0.5, corresponding to in MIIS values of 0.35–0.39.
Three recommended inclusive language guidelines for scholarly publishing: Words matter
Authors: Ashwell Sabrina J. , Baskin Patricia K. , Christiansen Stacy L. , DiBari Sara A. , Flanagin Annette , Frey Tracy , Jemison Racquel , Ricci Mia 
Published: February 2023

Key points
Inclusive language will make scholarly publishing more accurate and more respectful, and it has the potential to help authors reach a wider audience.
JAMA and the JAMA Network journals, the American Chemical Society and the Coalition for Diversity and Inclusion in Scholarly Communications have free guides on inclusive language, formatting and images.
The guides provide principles and rationale, as well as examples of preferred language, in order to equip people with knowledge to choose the most inclusive words even as terminology preferences change.
2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) for Third Order Nonlinear Optics: Status and Prospects
Authors: Wang Yiduo , Wang Yingwei , He Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe family of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) has attracted an enormous amount of attention due to their tunable optical, electronic, electrochemical, and mechanical properties. Recently, a new branch of MXenes materials research has emerged that is exploring and engineering the intrinsic optical response of MXenes, resulting in compact nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. As a novel 2D materials system, MXenes not only exhibit common advantages of classical 2D materials for NLO applications but also demonstrate their unique superiority, such as high yield and scalable synthesis, good stability, switchable NLO response, etc. Here, a fundamental overview of MXenes nonlinear optics is provided, covering everything from MXenes synthesis to linear and NLO properties and NLO applications. The synthesis method and its influence on the MXenes structures and morphology are discussed, which dominated the linear optics of MXenes. Then, the third‐order NLO properties and carrier dynamics of MXenes, from basic theory to experimental results, are elaborated. Their NLO applications, including ultrashort laser pulse, single‐frequency laser generation, all‐optical phase modulation, wavelength modulation, and passive photonic diodes, are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and an outlook for future MXenes NLO research are proposed.
Long Chain Polyamides: Influence of Methylene Sequence Length and External Forces on Structural Features
Authors: Sattler Rene , Danke Varun , Beiner Mario 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCrystallographic studies on a series of even–even polyamides PA10.n (12, 14, 16, and 18) with variable methylene sequence length (n − 2) are performed. Temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction studies show that a triclinic α phase is the preferred polymorph after slow cooling to room temperature like in many other even–even polyamides. For PA10.12 and PA10.14 the pseudo‐hexagonal high temperature phase γ is observed between the Brill transition temperature TB and melting point TM. For both higher members a distinct Brill transition is absent below TM. The influence of temperature on the packing state of the stems during cooling is discussed and compared to related polymers. An analysis of well oriented crystalline states in annealed fibers reveals that the crystalline state achieved under ambient conditions is influenced by external forces due to small energetic differences between different α and β polymorphs. All PA10.n samples show in the fiber‐oriented state a prominent β polymorph which is dominant in PA10.12 and PA10.14 but superimposed with a significant α fraction in both higher members. The consequences of changes in the polymorphic state under the influence of external forces for crystalline states achieved under application relevant processing conditions are considered.
Probing gas phase catalysis by atomic metal cations with flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Blagojevic Voislav , Koyanagi Gregory K. , Böhme Diethard K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe evolution and applications of flow tube mass spectrometry in the study of catalysis promoted by atomic metal ions are tracked from the pioneering days in Boulder, Colorado, to the construction and application of the ICP/SIFT/QqQ and ESI/qQ/SIFT/QqQ instruments at York University and the VISTA‐SIFT instrument at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The physical separation of various sources of atomic metal ions from the flow tube in the latter instruments facilitates the spatial resolution of redox reactions and allows the separate measurement of the kinetics of both legs of a two‐step catalytic cycle, while also allowing a view of the catalytic cycle in progress downstream in the reaction region of the flow tube. We focus on measurements on O‐atom transfer and bond activation catalysis as first identified in Boulder and emphasize fundamental aspects such as the thermodynamic window of opportunity for catalysis, catalytic efficiency, and computed energy landscapes for atomic metal cation catalysis. Gas‐phase applications include: the catalytic oxidation of CO to CO2, of H2 to H2O, and of C2H4 to CH3CHO all with N2O as the source of oxygen; the catalytic oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH with O3; the catalytic oxidation of C6H6 with O2. We also address the environmentally important catalytic reduction of NO2 and NO to N2 with CO and H2 by catalytic coupling of two‐step catalytic cycles in a multistep cycle. Overall, the power of atomic metal cations in catalysis, and the use of flow tube mass spectrometry in revealing this power, is clearly demonstrated.
Propargyl Amines: Versatile Building Blocks in Post‐Ugi Transformations
Authors: Bhoraniya Rinkal B. , Modha Sachin G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Ugi reaction, a multicomponent reaction, allows diversity‐oriented synthesis Its importance is recognized by an exponential increase in the publications utilizing the post‐Ugi transformations as a strategy to build complex molecules via simple and sustainable processes in the recent literature. A second concept, alkyne activation through metal‐, acid‐, iodine‐catalysis and base‐mediated transformations, also leads to wonderful molecules in short and efficient synthetic routes. Combination of these two approaches via application of an alkyne‐containing component in the Ugi reaction brings the benefits of both protocols into one synthetic sequence. The propargyl amines come as an obvious choice in this context as they work wonderfully as an amine component in the Ugi reaction, while post‐Ugi alkyne activation has the potential to generate biologically interesting carbo‐ and hetero‐cyclic systems. Thus, one can compare the Ugi adduct with a pupa which has inherent property of metamorphosis into biologically interesting molecules. In this review, application of propargyl amines in the Ugi reaction is discussed with a focus on post‐Ugi transformations.
Development and Application of Indolines in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Wei Huixin , Li Bo , Wang Ning , Ma Yitian , Yu Jingyan , Wang Xuena , Su Jiayi , Liu Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the incidence of cancer is high around the world, and the resistance of bacteria is increasing. To cope with the potentially adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy and surgery, researchers are turning to the construction of new drug scaffolds. The indoline structure exists in a huge number of natural products, but drugs with indoline have only been formally studied in recent years. With the deepening of research, drugs containing indoline have played important roles in more disease treatment aspects, such as anti‐tumor, anti‐bacterial, anti‐inflammatory and have been used as analgesics, to treat cardiovascular diseases and so on. The synthesis and pharmacological activity of indoline derivatives is summarized in this review in order to support the addition of the indoline component to the toolbox of medicinal chemists. This review focuses on the advantages of indoline compounds in development and synthesis of and for the use as anticancer drugs, antibacterial drugs, to treat cardiovascular diseases and as anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Indoline structures are commonly found in natural and synthetic compounds with medicinal value and are now beginning to be exploited as the basic backbone of various drugs. As research continues, dihydroindoles and their derivatives will play a greater role in the medical field.
Using anticipation to unveil drivers of local livelihoods in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A call for more environmental justice
Authors: Bourgeois Robin , Guerbois Chloé , Giva Nicia , Mugabe Prisca , Mukamuri Billy , Fynn Richard , Daré William’s , Motsholapheko Moseki , Nare Lerato , Delay Etienne , Ducrot Raphaëlle , Bucuane Joaquim , Mercandalli Sara , Le Page Christophe , Caron Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCalling on the concept of environmental justice in its distributive, procedural and recognition dimensions, we implemented a coelaborative scenario building approach to explore sustainable livelihoods pathways in four sites belonging to two Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa.Grounded on participation and transdisciplinarity, as a foundation for decolonised anticipatory action research, we aimed at stimulating knowledge exchange and providing insights on the future of local livelihoods engaging experts living within these TFCAs.Our results show that wildlife and wildlife‐related activities are not seen as the primary drivers of local livelihoods, despite the focus and investments of dominant stakeholders in these sectors. Instead, local governance and land use regulations emerged as key drivers in the four study sites. The state of natural resources, including water, and appropriate farming systems also appeared critical to sustain future livelihoods in TFCAs, together with the recognition of indigenous culture, knowledge and value systems.Nature conservation, especially in Africa, is rooted in its colonial past and struggles to free or decolonise itself from the habits of this past despite decades of reconsideration. To date, the enduring coloniality of conservation prevents local citizens from truly participating in the planning and designing of the TFCAs they live in, leaving room for limited benefits to local citizens and often limiting Indigenous people's capacity to conserve.A practical way forward is to consider environmental justice as a cement between the two pillars of the TFCA concept, that is, nature conservation and socio‐economic development of local or neighbouring communities, as part of a more broadly and urgent need to rethink the relationships between people in, and with, the rest of nature.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Recyclable bio‐based epoxy resins containing hybrid cross‐linking networks
Authors: Hu Jingyuan , Feng Haoyang , Rong Yangke , Wang Shuaipeng , Jin Dandan , Chen Qing , Dai Jinyue , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBio‐based “thiol‐epoxides” thermosets containing dynamic cross‐linked network topologies, permanent cross‐linking and recyclability have been successfully utilized in coatings, adhesives and composites. However, these materials typically have a low glass transition temperature and limited mechanical strength. Combining excellent mechanical properties with thermal properties remains a significant challenge. In this study, we developed a recyclable itaconic acid‐based epoxy thermoset material with high glass transition temperature and tensile strength through thiol‐olefin/thiol‐epoxy click reaction and alkyl bond radical copolymerization to construct a hybrid cross‐linked network. The tensile strength reached up to (105.9 MPa) while maintaining a high Tg (93.3°C), which is the highest value reported in the literature so far. In addition, the itaconic acid‐based epoxy has excellent recyclable processing, self‐healing properties, high hardness, solvent resistance, and surface bond strength as an adhesive and coating. The results hold potential applications in achieving sustainable development in coatings and adhesives.
The American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology workforce, productivity, and fellowship assessment: Current state of the workforce
Authors: Hastings Caroline , Borinstein Scott C. , Bergsagel D. John , Hagstrom J. Nathan , Hooker Ryan , Nugent Diane J. , Hudspeth Michelle ,   the American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Workforce Publication Workgroup
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology conducted follow‐up workforce surveys in 2017 and 2021 as well as a Pediatric Hematology Oncology Fellowship Program Directors Survey in 2020 to provide an updated review of the current workforce. We provide a comprehensive review and analysis of these results with the goal to provide better understanding of the current landscape in pediatric hematology oncology.
Impact of pre‐lung transplant statin use on the development of primary graft dysfunction
Authors: Yuenger Valerie , January Spenser , Fester Keith , McCloskey Michele , Hachem Ramsey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common occurrence following lung transplantation and contributes to short‐ and long‐term morbidity and mortality. Current management strategies are limited, and robust data to support their use is lacking. Preventative strategies attenuating the recipient's inflammatory state suggest statin therapy may decrease the incidence and severity of PGD. This study aims to evaluate the impact of pre‐transplant statin use on the incidence and severity of PGD following lung transplantation.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed evaluating all patients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation from September 2012 to December 2019. The primary outcome was the incidence of PGD by grade, defined as the highest grade of PGD experienced in the first 72 h. Secondary outcomes included length of intensive care unit and hospital stays and mortality.ResultsOf the 357 patients included in the study, 107 received statin therapy prior to transplant (statin group) and 250 did not (no statin group). PGD occurred in 257 (72%) patients; in the entire cohort, 99 (28%) patients experienced PGD grade 1, 59 (17%) grade 2, and 99 (28%) grade 3. A significantly lower incidence of PGD was observed in the statin group (64.5% vs 75.2%, p = 0.039); however, the association did not remain significant on multinominal analysis for an overall incidence of any PGD (p = 0.275) or incidence of severe PGD (p = 0.240). Statin intensity was not associated with the development of PGD.ConclusionsPre‐transplant statin therapy did not appear to impact the development of PGD following lung transplantation. Future prospective studies should further evaluate the impact of statin intensity and duration on the incidence and severity of PGD.
Characterization of promoter elements of isoprene‐responsive genes and the ability of isoprene to bind START domain transcription factors
Authors: Weraduwage Sarathi M. , Sahu Abira , Kulke Martin , Vermaas Josh V. , Sharkey Thomas D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIsoprene has recently been proposed to be a signaling molecule that can enhance tolerance of both biotic and abiotic stress. Not all plants make isoprene, but all plants tested to date respond to isoprene. We hypothesized that isoprene interacts with existing signaling pathways rather than requiring novel mechanisms for its effect on plants. We analyzed the cis‐regulatory elements (CREs) in promoters of isoprene‐responsive genes and the corresponding transcription factors binding these promoter elements to obtain clues about the transcription factors and other proteins involved in isoprene signaling. Promoter regions of isoprene‐responsive genes were characterized using the Arabidopsis cis‐regulatory element database. CREs bind ARR1, Dof, DPBF, bHLH112, GATA factors, GT‐1, MYB, and WRKY transcription factors, and light‐responsive elements were overrepresented in promoters of isoprene‐responsive genes; CBF‐, HSF‐, WUS‐binding motifs were underrepresented. Transcription factors corresponding to CREs overrepresented in promoters of isoprene‐responsive genes were mainly those important for stress responses: drought‐, salt/osmotic‐, oxidative‐, herbivory/wounding and pathogen‐stress. More than half of the isoprene‐responsive genes contained at least one binding site for TFs of the class IV (homeodomain leucine zipper) HD‐ZIP family, such as GL2, ATML1, PDF2, HDG11, ATHB17. While the HD‐zipper‐loop‐zipper (ZLZ) domain binds to the L1 box of the promoter region, a special domain called the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein‐related lipid transfer, or START domain, can bind ligands such as fatty acids (e.g., linolenic and linoleic acid). We tested whether isoprene might bind in such a START domain. Molecular simulations and modeling to test interactions between isoprene and a class IV HD‐ZIP family START‐domain‐containing protein were carried out. Without membrane penetration by the HDG11 START domain, isoprene within the lipid bilayer was inaccessible to this domain, preventing protein interactions with membrane bound isoprene. The cross‐talk between isoprene‐mediated signaling and other growth regulator and stress signaling pathways, in terms of common CREs and transcription factors could enhance the stability of the isoprene emission trait when it evolves in a plant but so far it has not been possible to say what how isoprene is sensed to initiate signaling responses.