bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable control of cyber‐physical systems under state attack: An adaptive integral sliding‐mode control approach
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Defu , Su Qingyu , Shen Xueqiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with optimal security problem of cyber‐physical systems with state attacks. Consider a linear physical system, assuming that the control input signal of the network layer is vulnerable to state attack. For a system that cannot measure all states, by combining output integral sliding mode, robust observer, and adaptive methods, an adaptive output integral sliding mode control method is proposed to maintain the safe operation of cyber physical systems under state attacks. Moreover, by optimizing the linear control gain matrix, the control strategy the authors designed can use the minimum cost to compensate the impact on the CPS system. Different from the existing results, (1) It is assumed that the system information of the attack signal is not fully known, we assume that the attacker can only measure a small amount of state information. (2) Not only the stability of ideal sliding mode is proved, but also the upper bound of the augmented state composed of system states and the error dynamic is given. (3) The sliding mode compensator can eliminate the impact of state attack, on the one hand, the damage caused by the state attack has been eliminated by using the upper bound of error, and on the other hand, the cost is reduced by optimizing the linear control gain. Finally, a power system with 3 generators and 6 buses is used to prove the effectiveness of the adaptive output integral sliding mode control scheme.
A symbolic approach to the verification and enforcement of current‐state opacity using labelled Petri nets
Authors: Peng Kun , Chen Yufeng , Li Zhiwu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a symbolic method to verify and enforce the current‐state opacity of labelled Petri nets (LPNs). The notion of basis markings of partially observed Petri nets currently dominates the development of opacity verification and enforcement for discrete event systems. However, the related computational efficiency, to a great extent, depends on the number of basis markings in a system, which increases exponentially with respect to the size of its corresponding LPN model. Binary decision diagrams (BDDs) are capable of computing a set of basis markings in a compact shared structure. To mitigate the computational overheads, a BDD‐based method to efficiently model the structure and behaviour of an LPN is proposed. Then, the current‐state opacity of LPNs is verified and enforced in a symbolic manner. Finally, a number of examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Robust adaptive event‐triggered ILC scheme design for discrete‐time non‐repetitive nonlinear systems
Authors: Chai Sheng , Yu Miao , Zhao Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, a robust adaptive event‐triggered iterative learning control (ET‐ILC) method is developed for discrete‐time non‐repetitive nonlinear systems with both time‐varying system parameters and time‐iteration‐varying non‐parametric uncertainty. The proposed method utilizes an iteration‐varying dead‐zone function to estimate both parametric and non‐parametric uncertainties simultaneously. Moreover, an event‐triggered control mechanism including a mixed triggering strategy is employed to minimize the unnecessary usage of communication resource. This strategy updates the controller only when the triggering condition is met, thereby reducing the frequency of controller actions. The results are also extended to a class of multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) non‐repetitive nonlinear systems. The designed robust adaptive ET‐ILC algorithm not only guarantees perfect learning convergence in the iteration domain but also contributes to saving the system resources. The effectiveness of the presented method is demonstrated by virtue of the rigorous theoretical analysis and the illustrative simulation examples.
First end‐to‐end PQC protected DPU‐to‐DPU communications
Authors: Aguilera A. Cano , Clemente X. Arnal i , Lawo D.C. , Monroy I. Tafur , Olmos J.J. Vegas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe appearance of quantum computing in the short foreseeable future and its capability to break conventional cryptographic algorithms forces to change the paradigm of secure real‐time communications. Thus, government organizations, data centers, and enterprises among others are migrating their public key infrastructure towards using post‐quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms in order to mitigate the security threats posed by quantum computers. This letter presents the first quantum resilient secure end‐to‐end communication link based on PQC algorithms operating between two data‐processing units DPU. Both data‐processing units employ on‐board ARM processors to perform the computationally expensive cryptographic building blocks—in that case CRYSTALS‐Kyber as a key encapsulation mechanism and CRYSTALS‐Dilithium for digital signature scheme in combination with advanced encryption standard with 256‐bit key.
6G energy‐efficient systems based on arrays combined with dielectric lenses
Authors: Wang Hairu , Castillo‐Tapia Pilar , Manholm Lars , Johansson Martin , Quevedo‐Teruel Oscar , Algaba‐Brazález Astrid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is demonstrated that combining phased array antennas with dielectric lenses constitutes a suitable solution to increase the energy efficiency in next‐generation communication systems. A dielectric lens is designed to increase the gain of an array antenna working in the 3GPP n257 band (26.5–29.5 GHz). The simulated results demonstrate that the dielectric lens increases the gain between 0.4 and 1.3 dB in a large scanning range from 0° to 60° at 28 GHz; meaning that the output RF power can be decreased by up to 26% for a same equivalent isotropic radiated power required from the base station.
A hybrid half‐bridge submodule‐based DC–DC modular multilevel converter with a single bidirectional high‐voltage valve
Authors: Elserougi Ahmed , Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Massoud Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are promising candidates for high‐voltage high‐power applications. The main challenge of the MMCs is the zero‐frequency operation. To achieve a successful DC–DC conversion process with balanced capacitors’ voltages with limited voltage ripple, this paper suggests the employment of the conventional two‐leg half‐bridge submodule‐based MMC structure in conjunction with a single bidirectional high‐voltage (HV) valve across the low‐voltage side. In the suggested structure, the HV valve is controlled on and off to ensure energy equalization for the MMC arms. In addition, soft‐switching for the HV valve is proposed to reduce the switching losses. Detailed illustration and design of the proposed concept are presented. Simulation and experimentation results are elucidated to show the effectiveness of the proposed DC–DC hybrid MMC. The results showed efficient performance of the suggested converter.
Sub‐array level structural compensation method for radiating and scattering performance of array antennas
Authors: Wang Yan , Yan Biaolin , Yu Rong , Fan Mengmeng , Duan Zhongxing , Ma Zongfa , Fu Hongping , Wang Zhihai , Yu Kunpeng , Wu Wenzhi , Wang Congsi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe detection and stealth abilities of array antennas depend mainly on the antennas' radiating and scattering performance, respectively. However, the operating environmental loads and assembly lead to serious structural errors, including deformation and random errors, which affect both the radiating and scattering performance. As the demand to guarantee high performance in detection as well as in stealth, a new sub‐array level structural compensation method is presented to simultaneously guarantee the radiating and scattering performance of array antennas in service. First, a statistical model of scattering performance with structural deformation and random position error is established to quickly evaluate the impact of a random structural error on scattering performance. Then, the effects of structural errors in different directions on radiating and scattering performance are analysed to determine the structural adjustment direction. Moreover, the multi‐objective problem considering the comprehensive compensation of radiating and scattering performance is converted into a single‐object problem by constructing a fitness function to realise the sub‐array level structural compensation. Finally, a typical case is used to verify the effectiveness of the compensation method. The results show that the presented method can guarantee both the radiating and scattering performance effectively, providing advantageous guidance for structural design and performance compensation for array antennas.
Quantum Key Distribution for V2I communications with software‐defined networking
Authors: Stavdas Alexandros , Kosmatos Evangelos , Maple Carsten , Hugues‐Salas Emilio , Epiphaniou Gregory , Fowler Daniel S. , Razak Shadi A. , Matrakidis Chris , Yuan Hu , Lord Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe evolution of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) promises improvements in our travel experience and the potential to enhance road safety and reduce environmental impact. This will be utilising highly diverse traffic environments that enable several advanced mobility applications. A secure, efficient, reliable, and resilient communications infrastructure is required to support developments in these CAV systems. Next generation of telecommunication networks will seamlessly integrate terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless system satisfying the requirements of trustworthy future transport systems. Given the increasing importance of CAVs, coupled with their attractiveness as a cyber‐attack for threat agents (e.g., disruption of transportation systems by nation states), security is paramount. Future communications systems offer an opportunity to integrate Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) into vehicular environments, protecting against advances in quantum computation that render many of the classical algorithms that underpin Public Key Infrastructure obsolete. This paper proposes a method for the integration of QKD in V2I networks to enable secure data communication. Quantum Key Distribution is used in the end‐to‐end path of vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) networks. Furthermore, an overarching Software‐Defined Network, with integrated QKD, is introduced. We have investigated the security performance of QKD in a V2I network over an urban environment.
Beyond small-scale transients: A closer look at the diffuse quiet solar corona
Authors: Gorman J. , Chitta L. P. , Peter H. , Berghmans D. , Auchère F. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Teriaca L. , Solanki S. K. , Verbeeck C. , Kraaikamp E. , Stegen K. , Gissot S. 
Published: September 2023

Aims. Within the quiet Sun corona imaged at 1 MK, much of the field of view consists of diffuse emission that appears to lack the spatial structuring that is so evident in coronal loops or bright points. Our aim is to determine if these diffuse regions are categorically different in terms of their intensity fluctuations and spatial configuration from the better-studied dynamic coronal features.
Methods. We analyzed a time series of observations from Solar Orbiter’s High Resolution Imager in the extreme ultraviolet to quantify the characterization of the diffuse corona at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We then compared this to the dynamic features within the field of view, mainly a coronal bright point.
Results. We find that the diffuse corona lacks visible structuring, such as small embedded loops, and that this is persistent over the 25 min duration of the observation. The intensity fluctuations of the diffuse corona, which are within ±5%, are significantly smaller in comparison to the coronal bright point; however, the total intensity observed in the diffuse corona is on the same order as the bright point.
Conclusions. It seems inconsistent with our data that the diffuse corona is a composition of small loops or jets or that it is driven by discrete small heating events that follow a power-law-like distribution. We speculate that small-scale processes such as magnetohydrodynamic turbulence might be energizing the diffuse regions, but at this point we cannot offer a conclusive explanation for the nature of this feature.
The ALMA-ALPAKA survey
Authors: Rizzo F. , Roman-Oliveira F. , Fraternali F. , Frickmann D. , Valentino F. M. , Brammer G. , Zanella A. , Kokorev V. , Popping G. , Whitaker K. E. , Kohandel M. , Magdis G. E. , Di Mascolo L. , Ikeda R. , Jin S. , Toft S. 
Published: September 2023

Context.Spatially resolved studies of the kinematics of galaxies provide crucial insights into their assembly and evolution, enabling one to infer the properties of the dark matter halos, derive the impact of feedback on the interstellar medium (ISM), as well as measure and characterize the outflow motions. To date, most of the kinematic studies atz = 0.5 − 3.5 have been obtained using emission lines tracing the warm, ionized gas (e.g., Hα, [OII], and [OIII]). However, whether these provide an exhaustive or only a partial view of the dynamics of galaxies and of the properties of the ISM is still debated. Complementary insights into the cold gas kinematics are therefore needed.Aims.We present the Archival Large Program to Advance Kinematic Analysis (ALPAKA), a project aimed at gathering high-resolution observations of CO and [CI] emission lines of star-forming galaxies atz = 0.5 − 3.5 from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) public archive. With ≈147 h of total integration time, ALPAKA assembles ∼0.25″ observations for 28 star-forming galaxies, which is the largest sample with spatially resolved cold gas kinematics as traced by either CO or [CI] atz ≳ 0.5, spanning 7 Gyr of cosmic history. A large fraction of ALPAKA galaxies (19 out of 28) lie in overdense regions (clusters, groups, and protoclusters).Methods.By combining multiwavelength ground- and space-based ancillary data, we derived the stellar masses (M⋆) and star-formation rates (SFRs) for the ALPAKA targets. We exploited the ALMA data to infer the dynamical state of the ALPAKA galaxies and derive their rotation curves and velocity dispersion profiles using3DBAROLO.Results.ALPAKA probes the massive (M⋆ ≳ 1010 M⊙), actively star-forming (SFR ≈ 10 − 3000 M⊙yr−1) part of the population of galaxies atz ∼ 0.5 − 3.5. Based on our kinematic classification, we find that 19 out of 28 ALPAKA galaxies are rotating disks, two are interacting systems, while for the remaining seven sources the classification is uncertain. The disks have velocity dispersion values that are typically larger in the innermost regions than in the outskirts, with a median value for the entire disk sample of 35−9+11km s−1. Despite the bias of our sample toward galaxies hosting very energetic mechanisms, the ALPAKA disks have high ratios of ordered-to-random motion (V/σ) with a median value of 9−2+7.
Probing magnetic fields in the circumgalactic medium using polarization data from MIGHTEE
Authors: Böckmann K. , Brüggen M. , Heesen V. , Basu A. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Heywood I. , Jarvis M. , Scaife A. , Stil J. , Taylor R. , Adams N. J. , Bowler R. A. A. , Tudorache M. N. 
Published: September 2023

Context.The properties and evolution of magnetic fields surrounding galaxies are observationally largely unconstrained. The detection and study of these magnetic fields is important to understand galaxy evolution since magnetic fields are tracers for dynamical processes in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and can have a significant impact on the evolution of the CGM.Aims.The Faraday rotation measure (RM) of the polarized light of background radio sources passing through the magnetized CGM of intervening galaxies can be used as a tracer for the strength and extent of magnetic fields around galaxies.Methods.We used rotation measures observed by the MIGHTEE-POL (MeerKAT International GHz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration polarization) survey by MeerKAT in the XMM-LSS and COSMOS fields to investigate the RM around foreground star-forming galaxies. We used spectroscopic catalogs of star-forming and blue cloud galaxies to measure the RM of MIGHTEE-POL sources as a function of the impact parameter from the intervening galaxy. In addition, we examined the dependence of the RM on redshift. We then repeated this procedure using a deeper galaxy catalog with photometric redshifts.Results.For the spectroscopic star-forming sample, we find a redshift-corrected |RM| excess of 5.6 ± 2.3 rad m−2which corresponds to a 2.5σsignificance around galaxies with a median redshift ofz = 0.46 for impact parameters below 130 kpc only selecting the intervenor with the smallest impact parameter. Making use of a photometric galaxy catalog and taking into account all intervenors withMg < −13.6 mag, the signal disappears. We find no indication for a correlation between redshift and RM, nor do we find a connection between the total number of intervenors to the total |RM|.Conclusions.We have presented tentative evidence that the CGM of star-forming galaxies is permeated by coherent magnetic fields within the virial radius. We conclude that mostly bright, star-forming galaxies with impact parameters less than 130 kpc significantly contribute to the RM of the background radio source.
Optical properties of metal-poor T dwarf candidates
Authors: Zhang J.-Y. , Lodieu N. , Martín E. L. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Metal-poor brown dwarfs are poorly understood because they are extremely faint and rare. Only a few candidates have been identified as T-type subdwarfs in infrared surveys and their optical properties remain unconstrained.
Aims. We aim to improve the knowledge of the optical properties of T subdwarf candidates to break the degeneracy between metallicity and temperature and to investigate their atmospheric properties.
Methods. Deep z-band images of ten known T subdwarf candidates were collected with the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias. Low-resolution optical spectra for two of them were obtained with the same telescope. Photometric measurements of the z-band flux were performed for all the targets and they were combined with infrared photometry in J, H, K, W1, and W2 bands from the literature to obtain the colours. The spectra were compared with solar-metallicity T dwarf templates and with laboratory spectra.
Results. We found that the targets segregate into three distinct groups in the W1 − W2 versus z − W1 colour-colour diagram. Group I objects are mixed with solar-metallicity T dwarfs. Group III objects have W1 − W2 colours similar to T dwarfs but very red z − W1 colours. Group II objects lie between Group I and III. The two targets for which we obtained spectra are located in Group I and their spectroscopic properties resemble normal T dwarfs but with water features that are deeper and have a shape akin to pure water.
Conclusions. We conclude that the W1 − W2 versus z − W1 colour-colour diagram is excellent to break the metallicity-temperature degeneracy for objects cooler than L-type ones. A revision of the spectral classification of a T subdwarf might be needed in the future, according to the photometric and spectroscopic properties of WISE1810 and WISE0414 in Group III discussed in this work.
Eplerenon zur Behandlung der chronisch rezidivierenden Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa
Authors: Herrmann Lisa-Marie , Matthé Egbert , Sandner Dirk , Wittig Dierk 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa (CCS) ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die durch Dekompensation des retinalen Pigmentepithels zum Verlust der Ionen-/Flüssigkeitshomöostase der Retina und damit zur Ansammlung von Flüssigkeit mit Abhebung der neurosensorischen Retina und/oder des retinalen Pigmentepithels führt. Wir untersuchten die Auswirkung von Eplerenon, einem Hemmer des Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptors, auf die chronisch rezidivierende CCS (cr-CCS).
Methoden Es erfolgte die retrospektive Auswertung der Daten von 17 Augen (12 Patienten) aus den Jahren 2014 – 2021 mit cr-CCS, bei denen andere Methoden nicht wirksam, nicht anwendbar oder nicht gewünscht wurden. Dauer der CCS war mindestens 12 Monate mit mindestens einem Rezidiv. Jeder Patient erhielt 25 mg (1. Woche) bzw. 50 mg (ab der 2. Woche) für mindestens 3 Monate. Es wurde jeweils der bestkorrigierte Visus und die zentrale und periphere Netzhautdicke mittels SD-OCT gemessen. Nebenwirkungen wurden von den Patienten als „keine“, „mild“ (bemerkbar, aber nicht störend), „tolerabel“ (störend, aber bei guter Wirkung akzeptabel) und „nicht tolerabel“ (dann Therapieabbruch) eingeschätzt.
Ergebnisse Es kam zu keiner signifikanten Reduktion der zentralen oder peripheren Netzhautdicke. Eine komplette Reduktion der subretinalen Flüssigkeit wurde bei 5 von 17 Augen erreicht (29,4%). Bei 12 Augen konnte kein Effekt von Eplerenon nachgewiesen werden, sodass andere Maßnahmen erforderlich wurden. Die Visusänderung war hauptsächlich von der Dauer der CCS und dem Grad der Photorezeptorschädigung abhängig. Nebenwirkungen gaben 11 Patienten als „keine“ und 1 Patient als „mild“ an (arterielle Hypotonie). Andere Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ansprechraten der Therapie mit Eplerenon waren relativ niedrig, es ließ sich kein signifikanter Effekt nachweisen. Eplerenon sollte nicht (mehr) routinemäßig in der Therapie der cr-CCS eingesetzt werden.
Die Resektion solitärer Lungenmetastasen des Urothelkarzinom kann das Überleben bei selektionierten Patienten verlängern
Authors: Ehle Benjamin , Hassan Mohamed , Le Uyen-Thao , Passlick Bernward , Grapatsas Konstantinos 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle Datenlage der pulmonalen Metastasektomie des Urothelkarzinoms ist stark begrenzt. In unserer aktuellen Studie haben wir basierend auf unserer 20-jährigen Zentrumserfahrung das
Langzeitergebnis nach Lungenmetastasektomie bei Urothelkarzinom sowie die Faktoren, die ein Langzeitüberleben beeinflussen, untersucht. Bei insgesamt 18 Patienten (4 Frauen und 14 Männer) wurde
eine Lungenmetastasektomie bei Urothelkarzinom in den Jahren von 2000 bis 2020 in kurativer Intention durchgeführt. Klinische, demografische und chirurgische Daten wurden retrospektiv
analysiert. Das krankheitsfreie Intervall zwischen Behandlung des Primarius und Lungenmetastasektomie umfasste 1 bis 48 Monate. Die Überlebensanalyse wurde nach der Kaplan-Meier-Methode und dem
Log-Rank-Test durchgeführt. Das kumulative 3- und 5-Jahres-Überleben betrug 84,7% und 52,9%. Die Resektion einer solitären Lungenmetastase war ein unabhängiger positiver Prädiktor für ein
längerfristiges Überleben (p = 0,04). Die pulmonale Metastasektomie bei Urothelkarzinom ist mit einem günstigeren Langzeitergebnis verbunden und singuläre Metastasen mit einem verlängerten
Langzeitüberleben. Die operative Resektion solitärer Lungenmetastasen und die Metastasektomie bei Rezidivmetastase des Urothelkarzinoms ist eine praktikable Therapie bei selektierten
Patienten.