bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Mobility and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Perlis Roy H. , Lunz Trujillo Kristin , Safarpour Alauna , Quintana Alexi , Simonson Matthew D. , Perlis Jasper , Santillana Mauricio , Ognyanova Katherine , Baum Matthew A. , Druckman James N. , Lazer David 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceMarked elevation in levels of depressive symptoms compared with historical norms have been described during the COVID-19 pandemic, and understanding the extent to which these are associated with diminished in-person social interaction could inform public health planning for future pandemics or other disasters.ObjectiveTo describe the association between living in a US county with diminished mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-reported depressive symptoms, while accounting for potential local and state-level confounding factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used 18 waves of a nonprobability internet survey conducted in the United States between May 2020 and April 2022. Participants included respondents who were 18 years and older and lived in 1 of the 50 US states or Washington DC.Main Outcome and MeasureDepressive symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); county-level community mobility estimates from mobile apps; COVID-19 policies at the US state level from the Oxford stringency index.ResultsThe 192 271 survey respondents had a mean (SD) of age 43.1 (16.5) years, and 768 (0.4%) were American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, 11 448 (6.0%) were Asian individuals, 20 277 (10.5%) were Black individuals, 15 036 (7.8%) were Hispanic individuals, 1975 (1.0%) were Pacific Islander individuals, 138 702 (72.1%) were White individuals, and 4065 (2.1%) were individuals of another race. Additionally, 126 381 respondents (65.7%) identified as female and 65 890 (34.3%) as male. Mean (SD) depression severity by PHQ-9 was 7.2 (6.8). In a mixed-effects linear regression model, the mean county-level proportion of individuals not leaving home was associated with a greater level of depression symptoms (β, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.57-3.58) after adjustment for individual sociodemographic features. Results were similar after the inclusion in regression models of local COVID-19 activity, weather, and county-level economic features, and persisted after widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccination. They were attenuated by the inclusion of state-level pandemic restrictions. Two restrictions, mandatory mask-wearing in public (β, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.15-0.30) and policies cancelling public events (β, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.51), demonstrated modest independent associations with depressive symptom severity.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, depressive symptoms were greater in locales and times with diminished community mobility. Strategies to understand the potential public health consequences of pandemic responses are needed.
A novel autosomal dominant ERLIN2 variant activates endoplasmic reticulum stress in a Chinese HSP family
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhao Rongjuan , Cao Hanshuai , Yin Zhaoxu , Ma Jing , Xing Yingming , Zhang Wei , Chang Xueli , Guo Junhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) has been reported rarely because of a monoallelic variant in ERLIN2. The present study aimed at describing a novel autosomal dominant ERLIN2 pedigree in a Chinese family and exploring the possible mechanism of HSP caused by ERLIN2 variants.MethodsThe proband and his family underwent a comprehensive medical history inquiry and neurological examinations. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on the proband, and Sanger sequencing was performed on some family members. HeLa cell lines and mouse primary cortical neurons were used for immunofluorescence (IF) and reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR).ResultsSeven patients were clinically diagnosed with pure spastic paraplegia in four consecutive generations with the autosomal dominant inheritance model. All patients presented juvenile‐adolescent onset and gradually worsening pure HSP phenotype. Whole‐exome sequencing of the proband and Sanger sequencing of all available family members identified a novel heterozygous c.212 T>C (p.V71A) variant in exon 8 of the ERLIN2 gene. The c.212 T>C demonstrated a high pathogenic effect score through functional prediction. RT‐PCR and IF analysis of overexpressed V71A revealed an altered ER morphology and increased XBP‐1S mRNA levels, suggesting the activation of ER stress. Overexpression of V71A in primary cultured cortical neurons promoted axon growth.InterpretationThe novel c.212 T>C heterozygous variant in human ERLIN2 caused pure HSP. Moreover, c.212 T>C heterozygous variant in ERLIN2 increased ER stress and affected axonal development.
Zincophilic Anionic Hydrogel Electrolyte with Interfacial Specific Adsorption of Solvation Structures for Durable Zinc Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Gaozhi , Ji Chenchen , Mi Hongyu , Yang Chao , Li Mengjun , Sun Chaorui , Sun Lixian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe rechargeable zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) are critically hindered by the low Coulombic efficiency and poor lifespan due to the continuous water‐induced side reactions and uncontrolled dendrite growth of the Zn anode. Herein, a zincophilic anionic hydrogel electrolyte (PSCA/Zn(OTf)2) is constructed by incorporating the dodecyl sulfate anions ((OSO3R)−) micelles to manipulate the solvation structures of Zn2+ cations via the moderate ion–ion coordination interactions for manipulating the Zn deposition behavior and interfacial chemistry on Zn electrode. Joint experimental and theoretical results show that the constructed solvated Zn2+ cations with the ionized (OSO3R)− electron donor significantly restrict the occurrence of adverse reactions (hydrogen evolution reactions). Concomitantly, the newly involved (OSO3R)− anions influence the adsorption configurations of solvated Zn2+ ions, which alter the electrocrystallization patterns for dendrite‐free growth and induce the oriented deposition for rapid reaction kinetics of Zn electrodes. As a proof of concept, the Zn||Zn symmetric cells with PSCA/Zn(OTf)2 exhibit high reversibility for deposition/stripping behavior with an extended long cycle span. Significantly, benefiting from the synergy of the modulatory electrolyte environment and the regulated adsorption configurations, a quasi‐solid‐state Zn||PSCA/Zn(OTf)2||N‐doped porous carbon material (NPC) ZHSC exhibits exceptional cycling stability for over 40 000 cycles with a low capacity decay (0.00027% per cycle).
Stretchable Multi‐Channel Ionotronic Electrodes for In Situ Dual‐Modal Monitoring of Muscle–Vascular Activity
Authors: Zhao Hang , Wang Shuai , Li Tengfei , Liu Yan , Tang Yao , Zhang Zhibo , Li Hanfei , Li Yan , Li Xiangxin , Li Guanglin , Liu Xijian , Tian Qiong , Liu Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn situ dual‐modal detection of electrophysiology (EP) and blood oxygen (BO) during muscle–vascular activity is crucial for healthcare and human–machine interaction. It requires an integrated monitoring system: a transparent electrode for EP detection directly adhered to skin and a near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) layer for BO detection. In particular, the multi‐channel, highly transparent, stretchable electrodes should be well developed. In this study, 16‐channel transparent ionotronic electrodes are fabricated based on a stretchable and printable ionogel, demonstrating excellent properties such as high transparency, large stretchability, wet adhesion, biocompatibility, softness, and long‐term stability. The electrode exhibits stable contact impedance for 24 h and a 2‐week periodic EP monitoring. The 16‐channel transparent ionotronic electrode outperforms stretchable gold electrodes by providing stable EP monitoring with minimal interference in NIRs for blood oxygen detection. An in situ negative correlation is found between EP intensity and blood oxygen level over time. This study paves the way for designing transparent ionotronics for synchronous optical‐related monitoring and highlights the potential use of an in situ dual‐modal monitoring system for the study of muscle–vascular coupling in neurocience and rehabilitation.
Superior Synergistic Osteogenesis of MXene‐Based Hydrogel through Supersensitive Drug Release at Mild Heat
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Wenwen , Wan Sijie , Wang Huagao , Chen Yumin , Zhao Han , Zhang Chenguang , Liu Kaihui , Zhou Tuanfeng , Jiang Lei , Cheng Qunfeng , Deng Xuliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) responsive smart drug delivery systems could provide efficient osteogenesis through the synergy of heat and drugs. However, such systems are hampered by an inability to allow supersensitive drug release through mild heat. Here superior osteogenesis is demonstrated using a biocompatible dexamethasone (Dex)‐loaded MXene‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐N‐(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide hydrogel capable of the supersensitive release of Dex at ≈42 °C upon NIR irradiation. Furthermore, the hydrogel can significantly promote bone regeneration under NIR irradiation due to the synergistic anti‐apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of bone‐derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by the mild heat and supersensitive release of Dex. The resulting osteogenesis efficiency of hydrogels surpass efficiencies previously reported for heat and drug stimulation and their combination. The synergistic osteogenesis strategy is characterized by near‐instantaneous, noninvasive, and precise treatment through temporal NIR irradiation.
Hollow Microfiber Assembly‐Based Endocrine Pancreas‐on‐a‐Chip for Sugar Substitute Evaluation
Authors: Tian Lingling , Shi Jingyan , Li Wei , Zhang Yuan , Gao Xinghua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the increasing demand for low‐sugar, low‐calorie healthy diets, artificial sweeteners are widely used as substitutes for sugar in the food industry. Therefore, developing models that can better predict the effects of sugar substitutes on the human body is necessary. Here, a new type of endocrine pancreas‐on‐a‐chip is developed based on a microfiber assembly and its stimulation of pancreatic secretion by glucose or sugar substitutes is evaluated. This new endocrine pancreas‐on‐a‐chip is assembled using two components: (1) a cell‐loaded hollow methacrylate gelatin (GelMA)/calcium alginate (CaA) composite microfiber prepared by microfluidic spinning to achieve vascular simulation and material transport, and (2) a 3D pancreatic islet culture layer, which also serves as a fiber assembly microchip. Using this established organ chip, the effects of five sweeteners (glucose, erythritol, xylitol, sodium cyclamate, and sucralose) were investigated on pancreatic islet cell viability and insulin and glucagon secretion. The constructed endocrine pancreas‐on‐a‐chip has potential for the safety evaluation of sugar‐substituted food additives, which can expand the application of organ chips in the field of food safety and provide a new platform for evaluating various food additives.
Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Reactions on Copper‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Min , Zhang Junyu , Wang Pengtang , Jin Huanyu , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogenation reactions play a critical role in the synthesis of value‐added products within the chemical industry. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) using water as the hydrogen source has emerged as an alternative to conventional thermocatalytic processes for sustainable and decentralized chemical synthesis under mild conditions. Among the various ECH catalysts, copper‐based (Cu‐based) nanomaterials are promising candidates due to their earth‐abundance, unique electronic structure, versatility, and high activity/selectivity. Herein, recent advances in the application of Cu‐based catalysts in ECH reactions for the upgrading of valuable chemicals are systematically analyzed. The unique properties of Cu‐based catalysts in ECH are initially introduced, followed by design strategies to enhance their activity and selectivity. Then, typical ECH reactions on Cu‐based catalysts are presented in detail, including carbon dioxide reduction for multicarbon generation, alkyne‐to‐alkene conversion, selective aldehyde conversion, ammonia production from nitrogen‐containing substances, and amine production from organic nitrogen compounds. In these catalysts, the role of catalyst composition and nanostructures toward different products is focused. The co‐hydrogenation of two substrates (e.g., CO2 and NOxn, SO32–, etc.) via C─N, C─S, and C─C cross‐coupling reactions are also highlighted. Finally, the critical issues and future perspectives of Cu‐catalyzed ECH are proposed to accelerate the rational development of next‐generation catalysts.
Dynamic Evacuation Routes Navigation for Passenger Ship Fire Based on Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Liu Linfan , Zhang Huajun , Yin Shibo , Chen Boyu , Du Jinfu , Su Yixin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo explore fire hazards and provide real‐time path navigation services for passenger ships, this study proposes an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (IAFSA) to give the optimal evacuation route for evacuees when a passenger ship is on fire. First, the PyroSim software is used to simulate the fire scene on the sixth deck of the passenger ship. Through which the real‐time temperature, carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, and visibility of each exit are obtained, and the spread speed of the fire hazard area is determined. Then, the artificial fish swarm algorithm is improved by using the dynamic Visual and step, and the optimal path planning for the evacuation of passenger ships is achieved. The Visualized Evacuation Guidance System (VEGS) is developed to provide the optimal route for evacuees on the passenger ship. Finally, VEGS is applied to the fire evacuation of passenger ships. The results show that VEGS can provide the optimal evacuation path for evacuees and avoid detours in fire hazard areas compared with other algorithms. Seventy‐five percent of the evacuees who used VEGS in the event of a passenger ship can escape in a time shortened by up to 40.8%.
Co3O4 Quantum Dots Intercalation Liquid‐Crystal Ordered‐Layered‐Structure Optimizing the Performance of 3D‐Printing Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Huijie , Sun Yangyang , Yang Hui , Tang Yijian , Lu Yiyao , Zhou Zhen , Cao Shuai , Zhang Songtao , Chen Songqing , Zhang Yizhou , Pang Huan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effects of near surface or surface mechanisms on electrochemical performance (lower specific capacitance density) hinders the development of 3D printed micro supercapacitors (MSCs). The reasonable internal structural characteristics of printed electrodes and the appropriate intercalation material can effectively compensate for the effects of surface or near‐surface mechanisms. In this study, a layered structure is constructed inside an electrode using an ink with liquid‐crystal characteristics, and the pore structure and oxidation active sites of the layered electrode are optimized by controlling the amount of Co3O4‐quantum dots (Co3O4 QDs). The Co3O4 QDs are distributed in the pores of the electrode surface, and the insertion of Co3O4 QDs can effectively compensate for the limitations of surface or near‐surface mechanisms, thus effectively improving the pseudocapacitive characteristics of the 3D‐printed MSCs. The 3D printed MSC exhibits a high area capacitance (306.13 mF cm−2) and energy density (34.44 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.108 mW cm−2). Therefore, selecting the appropriate materials to construct printable electrode structures and effectively adjusting material ratios for efficient 3D printing are expected to provide feasible solutions for the construction of various high‐energy storage systems such as MSCs.
The oldest known clones of Salix herbacea growing in the Northern Apennines, Italy are at least 2000 years old
Authors: Centenaro Giada , Petraglia Alessandro , Carbognani Michele , Piotti Andrea , Hudek Csilla , Büntgen Ulf , Crivellaro Alan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPremiseDominant in many ecosystems around the world, clonal plants can reach considerable ages and sizes. Due to their modular growth patterns, individual clonal plants (genets) can consist of many subunits (ramets). Since single ramets do not reflect the actual age of genets, the ratio between genet size (radius) and longitudinal annual growth rate (LAGR) of living ramets is often used to approximate the age of clonal plants. However, information on how the LAGR changes along ramets and how LAGR variability may affect age estimates of genets is still limited.MethodsWe assessed the variability of LAGR based on wood‐section position along the ramets and on the duration of the growing season on three genetically distinct genets of Salix herbacea growing in the Northern Apennines (Italy). We compared genet ages estimated by dividing genet radius by the LAGRs of its ramets.ResultsLAGR increased significantly from the stem apex to the root collar; indicating that ramet growth rate decreased with time. Furthermore, a difference of ca. 2 weeks in the onset of the growing period did not impact LAGR. Considering the high LAGR variability, we estimated that the three genets started to grow between ~2100 and ~7000 years ago, which makes them the oldest known clones of S. herbacea even considering the most conservative age estimate.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that analyzing ramets at the root collar provides an integrative measurement of their overall LAGR, which is crucial for estimating the age of genets.
Long‐term risk of venous thromboembolism among patients with gastrointestinal non‐neoplastic and neoplastic diseases: A prospective cohort study of 484 211 individuals
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Sun Yuhao , Chen Jie , Li Xue , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of 21 gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). The study included 485 936 UK Biobank participants free of baseline VTE. The gastrointestinal diseases were defined by the International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set, the primary care data set, and the cancer registries. Incident VTE cases were defined by ICD‐9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations of baseline gastrointestinal diseases with incident VTE risk. During a median follow‐up of 12.0 years, 13 646 incident VTE cases were diagnosed. Eleven gastrointestinal diseases (nine non‐neoplastic and two neoplastic) were associated with an increased risk of incident VTE after Bonferroni corrections. The risk of VTE was >50% higher among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95% CI 1.74–5.70), pancreatic cancer (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.65–4.91), cirrhosis (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.96–2.79), Crohn's disease (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33–1.95), or pancreatitis (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.31–1.88) compared with individuals without each of these diseases. We observed multiplicative interactions of age, sex, and body mass index with some gastrointestinal diseases (p < .05). A more pronounced, increased risk of VTE was found among younger, female, or obese patients. The study suggests a 50% higher risk of developing VTE among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, or pancreatitis.
Green composites from vanillin‐based benzoxazine: Modified almond shell particles, curing behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and stress analysis
Authors: Gorar Athar Ali Khan , Zhiyi Guo , Zhicheng Wang , Daham Abbas , Pan Zhong‐cheng , Wang Jun , Liu Wen‐Bin , Derradji Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBy adhering to green chemistry principles, unique and enhanced benzoxazine composite is made from renewable vanillin and furfuryl amine. The bio‐benzoxazine poly(V‐BZF) structure was confirmed by1H NMR and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy. Enhanced composites were developed successfully by blending different chemical‐treated almond shell particles with poly(V‐BZF). Differential scanning calorimetry results reveal that novel benzoxazine's curing temperature was low and slightly reduced by incorporating chemically treated fillers. The lowest polymerizing temperature was recorded as 215°C for the blend of alkali‐treated particles. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that composites exhibited superior thermal characteristics, and chemical treatment positively impacts filler material. The limiting oxygen index value classifies poly(V‐BZF) composites as flame‐retardant and extinguishing. Approximately a 47.56% increase in tensile strength and a 28.9% increase in modulus were recorded with the incorporation of silane‐treated filler. Flexural tests demonstrated that composites with silane‐treated particles showed maximum flexural strength of 101.5 MPa and a modulus of 4112.6 MPa. The impact strength of composites increased to 73.3%, expanding benzoxazine's manufacturing applications. In addition, the specimen was designed to have composite properties and stress analysis was performed in two Multiphysics software packages. In all, this work confirms that adopting environmentally‐friendly methodologies and surface modification of filler can yield superior composites.
Fabrication of PEG‐anthracene/alginate double‐network hydrogels and their application in photolithography
Authors: Ma Zhang‐Peng , Song Xue , Yang Bing‐Zi , Liu Si‐Tong , Zheng Ru‐Yu , Xu Xing‐Zhou , Liu Chun‐Hua , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of double‐network hydrogels provides a feasible strategy to improve the mechanical properties of pure organic hydrogels. We report a new type of dynamic double‐network hydrogels based on alginate and four‐armed PEG bearing anthracene at the terminal group. The ductile network is constructed through the photopolymerization of four‐armed PEG‐anthracene using the dimerization of terminal anthracene as the cross‐linking point, and alginate as the brittle network. The doping of alginate improves the precursor viscosity of solution and slows its fluidity. In particular, the inclusive metal cations endow the hydrogels with good conductivity. As the demonstration toward photolithography, the letter patterns and a parallel circuit are fabricated through the mask exposure method. By employing selective photo‐crosslinking, their shapes and patterns can be precisely controlled. Owing to the photo‐responsive features of the PEG‐anthracene network, the hydrogels also behave dynamically mechanical and shape‐memory properties via switching the irradiation wavelength. In addition, the water retention capacity can be improved by adding glycerol. This work demonstrates that anthracene is an effective photopolymerization unit in constructing dynamic double‐network hydrogels that show potential applications in smart soft materials.