bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing the Occupational Communion Scale: Belonging-Based Social Connections Are Vital for Work Engagement, Self-Efficacy, and Positive Affect in Aged Care Workforces
Authors: Elliott Kate-Ellen J , Quinn Michael G , Stirling Christine M , Sanderson Kristy , Robinson Andrew L , Martin Angela J , Scott Jennifer L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
A multifaceted construct called occupational communion (OC), defined as a sense of belonging based on social interaction at work, has been proposed to understand why care workers were positively engaged in their jobs over time, even though they were very demanding. Rich qualitative data on the multiple aspects of OC in care work exist, but a valid measure does not.

Research Design and Methods
We applied a mixed-method systematic scale development process to measure OC. Aged and dementia care workers in Australia (76%) and other countries participated in a focus group and online surveys (N = 2,451). We also used interview data from our prior study. The study involved 3 components: (1) scale development and design; (2) pilot test validation with exploratory factor analysis; and (3) confirmatory validation via confirmatory factor analysis. The third component assessed convergent and discriminant validity using measures of communion, self-efficacy, work engagement, job and life satisfaction, intention to leave, positive and negative affect, and mood.

Results
We developed a 28-item Occupational Communion Scale (OCS) with good internal consistency (composite reliability = 0.75–0.91) across 6 factors: (1) “natural” carer, (2) psychological need to care, (3) connection with clients, (4) connection with coworkers, (5) desire for more connection, and (6) blurred boundaries. All validity measures correlated with OC and work engagement, self-efficacy, and positive affect showed the strongest association.

Discussion and Implications
The OCS can be used to design and evaluate interventions addressing aged care workforce engagement, social connections and well-being, and care outcomes.
Multi-parametric investigations on gravitational vortex hydropower system (GVHPS) using computational hydrodynamic analysis: a verified computational procedure-based investigation
Authors: Raja Vijayanandh , Raji Arul Prakash , AL-bonsrulah Hussein A Z , Ramaiah Manivel , Ahmed Ali Mahmood , Rajendran Parvathy , Murugesan Ramesh , Mathaiyan Vijayakumar , Al-Bahrani Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of energy resources has been critical to the advancement of human civilization. Finding a reliable energy source is one of the most difficult tasks of the 21st century. Natural gas, coal and other conventional energy sources have hastened the industrialization and modernization of several countries. However, there is widespread concern that the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from these traditional sources is the leading cause of climate change. Increased pollution, flooding, drought, rising sea levels, high temperatures and other effects of climate change have a significant impact on the environment. As a result, current research is focusing on renewable and sustainable energy sources. Hydro energy is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way to generate electricity. Even still, the vast majority of hydroelectric energy remains underutilized. Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic methods are the two most common approaches for extracting energy from water. The gravitational vortex hydropower (GVHP) with hydro rotor is one such renewable turbine. By routing the water into a GVHP basin, which generates a water vortex on its inside surface while it runs, the mechanical energy of free-flowing water is converted to kinetic energy in this GVHP. The major goal of this study is to investigate the flow field characteristics of a GVHP numerically for various geometrical variables such as basin diameter, cone angle and notch angle. CATIA is used to create several geometric models, which are then simulated using a commercial computational fluid dynamics application. Different geometric factors of conical basin design were studied using computational hydrodynamic analysis, and their impacts on vortex generation and tangential velocity in the study region are recorded. The maximum tangential velocity derived from different basin geometry can be used to forecast the performance of the GVHP. Finally, the optimized GVHP along with its dimensions, such as a cone angle of 14°, a notch angle of 13° and a basin diameter of 1000 mm, are found out and suggested for real-time applications.
Review of antibiotic prescriptions as part of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: results from a pilot implementation at two provincial-level hospitals in Viet Nam
Authors: Ngan Ta Thi Dieu , Quan Truong Anh , Quang Le Minh , Vinh Vu Hai , Duc Chau Minh , Nguyet Huynh Thi , Tu Nguyen Thi Cam , Khanh Nguyen Hong , Long Le Ba , Hue Nguyen Hong , Hung Dinh The , Thanh Nguyen Duc , Ve Nguyen Van , Giang Tran Thanh , Tung Le Thanh , Tuan Truong Thanh , Kesteman Thomas , Dodds Ashley Elizabeth , Anderson Deverick J , Van Doorn H Rogier , Huong Vu Thi Lan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the feasibility of retrospective prescription-based review and to describe the antibiotic prescribing patterns to provide information for an antimicrobial stewardship programme in Viet Nam

Methods
This study was conducted in two provincial-level hospitals between February and April 2020. Reviews were done by a clinical team consisting of leaders/senior doctors of each ward to assess the optimal level (optimal/adequate/suboptimal/inadequate/not assessable) of antibiotic prescriptions. Mixed-effect logistic regression at prescription level was used to explore factors associated with optimal antibiotic use.

Results
The retrospective prescription-based review was accepted by study clinical wards with varied levels of participants. One hundred and eighty-three patients (326 prescriptions) in Hospital 1 and 200 patients (344 prescriptions) in Hospital 2 were included. One hundred and nineteen of the 326 (36.5%) antibiotic prescriptions in Hospital 1 and 51/344 (14.8%) antibiotic prescriptions in Hospital 2 were determined to be optimal by the review teams. The number of adequate antibiotic prescriptions were 179/326 (54.9%) and 178 (51.7%) in Hospital 1 and Hospital 2, respectively. The optimal level was lower for surgical prophylaxis antibiotics than for empirical therapy (OR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01–0.45), higher in prescriptions in the ICU (OR = 12.00; 95% CI 3.52–40.92), higher in definitive antibiotic therapy (OR = 48.12; 95% CI 7.17–322.57) and higher in those with an indication recorded in medical records (OR = 3.46; 95% CI 1.13–10.62).

Conclusions
This study provides evidence on the feasibility of retrospective prescription-based review, with adaption to the local situation. High and varying levels of optimal antibiotic prescriptions in clinical wards in hospitals were observed in Viet Nam.
Multivariate Analysis and Response Surface Modeling to Green Analytical Chemistry–Based RP-HPLC-PDA Method for Chromatographic Analysis of Vildagliptin and Remogliflozin Etabonate
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Prajapati Bhumika , Pulusu Veera Shakar , Shah Shailesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The fixed-dose combination (FDC) of vildagliptin (VDG) and remogliflozin etabonate (RGE) is used as antidiabetic medicine. Numerous reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods have been reported for the estimation of VDG and RGE using toxic organic solvents such as acetonitrile and methanol. These organic solvents are also hazardous to the environment.

Objective
Hence, the robust and green analytical chemistry–based RP-HPLC-PDA method has been developed for chromatographic analysis of VDG and RGE for the safety of analysts and protection of the environment.

Method
The multivariate analysis has been carried out for the identification of critical method risk parameters (CMRPs) and critical method performance attributes (CMPAs) using principal component analysis (PCA). The identified CMRPs and CMPAs were linked with each other for optimization of the RP-HPLC-PDA method using DoE-based response surface modeling. The analytical design space (ADS) has been explored for robust chromatographic analysis of VDG and RGE.

Results
The chromatographic analysis of VDG and RGE has been carried out using Shim-Pack C18 column (250 mm L, 4.6 mm ID, 5.0 µm PS) and isopropyl alcohol–0.1% (v/v) formic acid (FA) in water (45 + 55, v/v, pH −3.5). The developed method has been validated in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The method has been applied for the assay of VDG and RGE in their FDCs. The results of the assay were found in compliance with the labeled claims.

Conclusions
The developed RP-HPLC-PDA method did not include any toxic or carcinogenic solvents. Hence, it is safe for analysts and the environment. The greenness profiles of the published and proposed RP-HPLC methods were evaluated by the national environmental method index (NEMI) scale, and the analytical greenness scores were calculated using the AGREE software. The developed method can be used as an eco-friendly tool in the pharmaceutical industry for routine analysis and quality control of FDCs of VDG and RGE.

Highlights
Development of a green and robust RP-HPLC method for the estimation of VDG and RGE using safe organic solvents. The analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach has been implemented in the development of a method to minimize solvent wastage. The method was applied for the assay of FDCs of VDG and RGE.
Green Spectrophotometric Determination of Two Cephalosporin Drugs Used in COVID-19 Regimen Through Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Saleh Hanaa M , Ragab Gamal H , Abdulla Nermeen M , Bahgat Eman A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Cefixime trihydrate (CFX) and cefuroxime axetil (CFU) are antibacterial drugs. They are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infection and recently in COVID-19 treatment.

Objective
In this article, the two antibacterial drugs, CFX and CFU, were determined by a new simple, sensitive, effective, and green spectrophotometric method via reaction with silver nitrate (AgNO3).

Methods
The reaction was based on reduction of AgNO3 by the cited drugs to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) as stabilizing agent. Very intense surface plasmon resonance peaks were obtained at 435 nm for CFX and CFU that allow quantitative determination of the drugs.

Results
The calibration curves were linear with concentration ranges of 0.2–1.4 μg/mL and 0.3–2.1 μg/mL for CFX and CFU, respectively. Validation of the proposed method has been done according to ICH (International Conference of Harmonization) guidelines; the method was verified on the Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Greenness metric approach (AGREE) in regard to its greenness and was found to be an excellent green alternative method.

Conclusion
A very sensitive and green spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of CFX and CFU in pure and dosage form.

Highlight
The developed method not previously reported for simultaneous determination of CFX and CFU.
New (Paradigms In) International Economic Law
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K , Marceau Gabrielle 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Since the birth of the Journal of International Economic Law (JIEL) in 1998, the foundations of international economic law have undergone multidimensional changes. Emerging political and economic challenges have shaped international economic law into becoming inherently dynamic; not only have new frameworks developed for analyses of international economic relations, but novel social and environmental aspects of government policy now also fall within the field’s ambit. These challenges have shaken the normative foundations of international economic law and new paradigms in this field of law have emerged. Recent developments addressing matters ranging from the climate crisis to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic signify a turn in the WTO from negotiating trade rules to addressing pressing concerns facing humankind. When JIEL was first established, civil society renewed its calls for the inclusion of social and environmental concerns in so-called ‘trade and …’ policies. Today, the interlinkages between trade and other issues form an integral part of the international trading system. These new challenges and shifts in economic policy bring (some) traditional understandings of international economic law into question, and challenge the various normative underpinnings of international economic law in three ways: first, in the rise of novel approaches to international economic norm creation; second, in the expansion of subject areas covered by international economic rules; and third, in the steady disintegration of the traditional binaries, such as those between hard and soft law, between public and private actors, and between human rights and investment. These three changes have further provoked the development of analytical frameworks to study these norms. The eclectic and wide-ranging contributions in this special issue offer insightful critiques and provocative challenges to the community of international economic law actors facing unprecedented problems as the Journal celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary.
25 Years of Law and Practice at the WTO: Did the Appellate Body Dig its Own Grave?
Authors: Van Damme Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
After 25 years of the practice of World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement, the system’s ability to continue performing that function has been significantly hampered as a result of the lack of a consensus among WTO Members to (re)appoint Appellate Body Members, resulting in the Appellate Body being defunct as of December 2019. This brief contribution reflects on the various narratives of the causes of the current state of WTO dispute settlement and comments on the role of the Appellate Body. It concludes that no sole responsibility for the current deadlock can be attributed to the Appellate Body. Undoubtedly, the Appellate Body could have decided differently on certain questions. However, asking whether or how the Appellate Body dug its own grave fails to acknowledge the role of WTO Members, collectively and individually, in preserving binding, compulsory WTO dispute settlement providing for appellate review.
Repair of old total perineal rupture: a case series
Authors: Djusad Suskhan , Kouwagam Anggrainy Dwifitriana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObstetric anal sphincter injuries are complications occurred during vaginal delivery. An inadequate of this condition may lead to the total perineal rupture. One of the symptoms is anal incontinence. This condition may interfere with the patient’s quality of life. This study aims to present symptoms, risk factors and surgical management in old total perineal rupture cases. We presented seven cases of old total perineal rupture, from March 2021 until March 2022. All the patients had a chief complaint of anal incontinence. All patients had previous primary suturing at the time of delivery. From the sphincter US examination, all the patients had a defect on the internal and external ani sphincter. The overlapping sphincteroplasty and perineorrhaphy technique was performed in all patients. Identification of perineal lacerations and their immediate treatment are very important to prevent the occurrence of old total perineal rupture. Management with the overlapping sphincteroplasty and perineorrhaphy is an effective technique to correct this condition.
A network perspective of human–nature interactions in dynamic and fast-changing landscapes
Authors: Bodin Örjan , Chen Haibin 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Increasing and intensifying the use of land represents a prominent sustainability challenge of particular importance in regions undergoing rapid change while at the same time exhibiting large natural and anthropocentrically induced variability. To reconcile the needs for both human prosperity and healthy ecosystems, a more integrated understanding of key biophysical and adaptation processes is paramount in such dynamic and deeply entangled social and environmental contexts. Interdisciplinary research utilizing a network perspective provides a novel methodological and theoretical approach to that end. We review and synthesize recent network-centric studies, and use this network perspective to show how rangeland managers in a dynamic pastoral region in the Qinghai Province of China form social relationships based on geographic proximity, social status and shared grazing areas. The results indicate that adaption to biophysical and socioeconomic changes is partly a social process in that rangeland managers develop their adaptive capacity jointly and in concert with others they trust and with whom they share grazing areas. Avenues for further development of this network perspective, in terms of how it might contribute important new insights about how to sustainably use land in dynamic landscapes undergoing rapid change, are suggested.
Leadership
Authors: Barling Julian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We take an in-depth look at the widespread benefits of the best of leadership (primarily focusing on transformational leadership), and the equally extensive costs of bad leadership (such as abusive supervision and passive management). We also investigate how both good and bad leadership exert their effects, noting that any effects are invariably indirect and delayed. The chapter includes an in-depth discussion of gender and leadership, including a discussion of research suggesting that female leaders were more effective during the pandemic, and why this was the case. This chapter also discusses leadership behaviors that are most effective during and after crises.
Autonomy
Authors: Barling Julian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most managers seem to agree that no one knows the job as well as the person who does it—yet providing people with the autonomy, discretion, and control over their own jobs can be challenging for managers, as became evident when more people started to work for home after two years of the pandemic. Yet lessons from research are clear: even small amounts of autonomy can result in improved workplace attitudes, productivity, and employee well-being. At the same time, too much autonomy can overwhelm employees, and providing autonomy without training can literally be dangerous. Special features of this chapter are the discussions on micromanagement and electronic performance monitoring (electronic surveillance).
Growth
Authors: Barling Julian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Routine organizational practices such as formal and informal socialization, intensive and extensive training, feedback, mentoring, and (executive) coaching have long helped employees fulfil their needs for growth and development. Decades of research documented the benefits of these initiatives to enhance growth and development. However, much had already changed in the workplace prior to the pandemic: the turn of the century saw the widespread implementation of new work arrangements such as part-time work, temporary employment, job sharing, and outsourcing; more recently, we have seen the rise of gig work, agency work, remote work, and contract work. The common denominator across these new arrangements is that access to initiatives promoting growth and development is more limited; the challenges of meeting growth and development needs in this new work environment are accordingly considered. We conclude with a discussion of whether training and development are cost-effective, a critical consideration guiding any decisions about their implementation.
Questions
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper covers the full range of core subjects tested in the FRCOphth Part 1 examination: optics, anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, genetics, investigations, and miscellaneous (biostatistics and evidence-based medicine). As well as ophthalmic subjects, this paper covers general physiology, general pathology, microbiology, biochemistry, and immunology. Several high-yield topics are covered. Ray diagrams are provided for spherical lenses (thin convex lens and thin concave lens), the Galilean telescope, prisms, and Goldmann applanation tonometry. An anatomical diagram displays the spiral of Tillaux. The components and foramina of the 12 cranial nerves are summarised in a table. The design of the 6/6 Snellen chart letter ‘E’ is explained in a figure using minutes of arc.
Solutions
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper covers the full range of core subjects tested in the FRCOphth Part 1 examination: optics, anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, genetics, investigations, and miscellaneous (biostatistics and evidence-based medicine). As well as ophthalmic subjects, this paper covers general physiology, general pathology, microbiology, biochemistry, and immunology. Several high-yield topics are covered. An anatomical diagram displays the contents of the cavernous sinus. The normal electrocardiogram is explained in a helpful schematic. Histopathological slides are included for temporal arteritis and basal cell carcinoma. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography images of the cornea and iridocorneal angle are included, displaying key anatomical landmarks
Solutions
Authors: Rufai Sohaib R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper covers the full range of core subjects tested in the FRCOphth Part 1 examination: optics, anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, genetics, investigations, and miscellaneous (biostatistics and evidence-based medicine). As well as ophthalmic subjects, this paper covers general physiology, general pathology, microbiology, biochemistry, and immunology. Several high-yield topics are covered. Basic iris anatomy is explained using an external eye photograph. Papilloedema is demonstrated on optical coherence tomography imaging of the optic nerve head. An ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy image of the retina is included, with key anatomical landmarks. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is explained in a helpful comparative figure
Global Business in the Age of Destruction and Distraction
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J. R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When a crisis like a pandemic sweeps through societies, it upends critical structures in health, economics, socio-economics, institutional cultures, communities, and everyday life. This book examines how a world already stressed by rampant change reacts to a global crisis. It draws on experts that foresee a growing economic inequality as the tech-savvy pull further ahead of those with less access to digital tools, training, or aptitude. Some anticipate that big technology firms will exploit their market advantages and weaponise tools that erode the privacy and autonomy of their users. Some predict that changes exacerbated by the pandemic will result in significant portions of the population benefiting from racial justice and social equity reforms, as critiques of current economic arrangements and capitalism gain support and policymakers’ attention. The authors examine the complexities and realities of a world filled with distraction and how focus is diverted during a time of primary technological revolution. These patterns are destroying old thinking models and establishing new paradigms. The book examines the common narrative and investigates strategies and pragmatic tools to remain relevant in the middle of the whirlwind.