bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuel oil production from thermal decomposition of the model and waste polystyrene: Comparative kinetics and product distribution
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Nisar Jan , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

The thermal degradation of model polystyrene (MPS) and waste polystyrene (WPS) was performed in a thermobalance system at four heating rates (β) i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min in an inert atmosphere. The apparent activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) for the MPS and the WPS were calculated using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Augis-Bennetis (AB) methods. It has been determined that Ea and A vary according to fraction conversion, heating rates, and applied models. The activation energy determined for MPS was found to be in the range of 91-106, 90-105, and 114-133 kJ/mol, while, for WPS, Ea was determined in the range of 82-160, 79-159 and 102-202 kJ/mol by applying OFW, KAS, and AB models, respectively. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the Ea determined by all of these methods increases with fraction conversion, indicating that the decomposition of polystyrene follows a complex mechanism of the solid-state reaction. Hence, the kinetic parameters, i.e., Ea and A, seem to play a key role in investigating the mechanism of solid-state reactions and will provide an opportunity to develop the mechanism of the industrial decomposition reactions. The results show that the MPS has a lower activation energy compared to WPS. This high Ea of WPS may be due to the additives used in the manufacturing of different polystyrene products. Pyrolysis GC/MS of WPS indicates that the main components of pyrolysis oil are 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, styrene, α-methyl styrene, toluene, and 1,2-dimethyl benzene. The presence of some oxygenated compounds in the fuel oil of WPS may be due to contamination or additives used during polystyrene processing, as the WPS samples were collected from a garbage dump near a local market. WPS can be utilized as fuel if the fuel oil collected from the pyrolysis of WPS is properly upgraded to make it equivalent to commercial fuel oil.
Accounting for meteorological biases in simulated plumes using smarter metrics
Authors: Vanderbecken Pierre J. , Dumont Le Brazidec Joffrey , Farchi Alban , Bocquet Marc , Roustan Yelva , Potier Élise , Broquet Grégoire 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. In the next few years, numerous satellites with high-resolution instruments dedicated to the imaging of atmospheric gaseous compounds will be launched, to finely monitor emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. Processing the resulting images of plumes from cities and industrial plants to infer the emissions of these sources can be challenging. In particular traditional atmospheric inversion techniques, relying on objective comparisons to simulations with atmospheric chemistry transport models, may poorly fit the observed plume due to modelling errors rather than due to uncertainties in the emissions. The present article discusses how these images can be adequately compared to simulated concentrations to limit the weight of modelling errors due to the meteorology used to analyse the images. For such comparisons, the usual pixel-wise ℒ2 norm may not be suitable, since it does not linearly penalise a displacement between two identical plumes. By definition, such a metric considers a displacement as an accumulation of significant local amplitude discrepancies. This is the so-called double penalty issue. To avoid this issue, we propose three solutions: (i) compensate for position error, due to a displacement, before the local comparison; (ii) use non-local metrics of density distribution comparison; and (iii) use a combination of the first two solutions. All the metrics are evaluated using first a catalogue of analytical plumes and then more realistic plumes simulated with a mesoscale Eulerian atmospheric transport model, with an emphasis on the sensitivity of the metrics to position error and the concentration values within the plumes. As expected, the metrics with the upstream correction are found to be less sensitive to position error in both analytical and realistic conditions. Furthermore, in realistic cases, we evaluate the weight of changes in the norm and the direction of the four-dimensional wind fields in our metric values. This comparison highlights the link between differences in the synoptic-scale winds direction and position error. Hence the contribution of the latter to our new metrics is reduced, thus limiting misinterpretation. Furthermore, the new metrics also avoid the double penalty issue.
A 29-year time series of annual 300 m resolution plant-functional-type maps for climate models
Authors: Harper Kandice L. , Lamarche Céline , Hartley Andrew , Peylin Philippe , Ottlé Catherine , Bastrikov Vladislav , San Martín Rodrigo , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Kirches Grit , Boettcher Martin , Shevchuk Roman , Brockmann Carsten , Defourny Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The existing medium-resolution land cover time series produced
under the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative provides 29 years (1992–2020) of annual land cover maps at 300 m resolution, allowing
for a detailed study of land change dynamics over the contemporary era.
Because models need two-dimensional parameters rather than two-dimensional
land cover information, the land cover classes must be converted into
model-appropriate plant functional types (PFTs) to apply this time series to
Earth system and land surface models. The first-generation cross-walking table that was presented with the land cover product prescribed pixel-level
PFT fractional compositions that varied by land cover class but that lacked spatial variability. Here we describe a new ready-to-use data product for
climate modelling: spatially explicit annual maps of PFT fractional
composition at 300 m resolution for 1992–2020, created by fusing the 300 m
medium-resolution land cover product with several existing high-resolution
datasets using a globally consistent method. In the resulting data product,
which has 14 layers for each of the 29 years, pixel values at 300 m
resolution indicate the percentage cover (0 %–100 %) for each of 14 PFTs,
with pixel-level PFT composition exhibiting significant intra-class spatial
variability at the global scale. We additionally present an updated version
of the user tool that allows users to modify the baseline product (e.g. re-mapping, re-projection, PFT conversion, and spatial sub-setting) to meet
individual needs. Finally, these new PFT maps have been used in two land
surface models – Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) – to demonstrate their benefit over the conventional maps based on a generic cross-walking table. Regional changes
in the fractions of trees, short vegetation, and bare-soil cover induce changes in surface properties, such as the albedo, leading to significant
changes in surface turbulent fluxes, temperature, and vegetation carbon
stocks. The dataset is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5285/26a0f46c95ee4c29b5c650b129aab788 (Harper et al., 2023).
Linking scales of sea ice surface topography: evaluation of ICESat-2 measurements with coincident helicopter laser scanning during MOSAiC
Authors: Ricker Robert , Fons Steven , Jutila Arttu , Hutter Nils , Duncan Kyle , Farrell Sinead L. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Fredensborg Hansen Renée Mie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Information about sea ice surface topography and related deformation is crucial for studies of sea ice mass balance, sea ice modeling, and ship navigation through the ice pack. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System, has been on orbit for over 4 years, sensing the sea ice surface topography with six laser beams capable of capturing individual features such as pressure ridges. To assess the capabilities and uncertainties of ICESat-2 products, coincident high-resolution measurements of sea ice surface topography are required. During the yearlong Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the Arctic Ocean, we successfully carried out a coincident underflight of ICESat-2 with a helicopter-based airborne laser scanner (ALS), achieving an overlap of more than 100 km. Despite the comparably short data set, the high-resolution centimeter-scale measurements of the ALS can be used to evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products. Our goal is to investigate how the sea ice surface roughness and topography are represented in different ICESat-2 products as well as how sensitive ICESat-2 products are to leads and small cracks in the ice cover. Here, we compare the ALS measurements with ICESat-2's primary sea ice height product, ATL07, and the high-fidelity surface elevation product developed by the University of Maryland (UMD).
By applying a ridge-detection algorithm, we find that 16 % (4 %) of the number of obstacles in the ALS data set are found using the strong (weak) center beam in ATL07. Significantly higher detection rates of 42 % (30 %) are achieved when using the UMD product. While only one lead is indicated in ATL07 for the underflight, the ALS reveals many small, narrow, and only partly open cracks that appear to be overlooked by ATL07.
Anthromes, CO2 and Terrestrial Carbon – Session 9 : How do we bring people & equity into C-cycle science?
Authors: Dale Virgina 
Published: March 2023

10:50 - 11:20 Stakeholder engagement to address concerns and opportunities related to the carbon cycle, Virgina Dale*Effects of human activities are such an integral part of all ecosystems that Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems can be characterized as anthropogenic biomes (anthromes). Hence it is essential to engage people in identifying and understanding the causes and effects of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its drivers of change. However, effective stakeholder engagement for complex environmental challenges requires substantial time and resources by both the research organization and the stakeholders themselves, making co-production of knowledge challenging for many research efforts. To help research teams prioritize, prepare, and sustain stakeholder-engaged research, we developed an approach for effective co-production based on six gears of engagement: diversity, listening, value, trust, accountability, and flexibility/adaptability. Building local capacities for continual improvement is also an enabling factor for more sustainable development. We discuss the gears, and the challenges of implementing them, in the context of human effects on the carbon cycle. While it is difficult to incorporate all the gears, this approach can help to foster more sustained, actionable, equitable, inclusive, and timely engagement of people in addressing concerns and opportunities related to the carbon cycle.
Homogenization theory and neural field models
Authors: Wyller John 
Published: March 2023

In the last decades great advances have been made in mapping neural circuitry of the brain. This has been facilitated by novel experimental techniques for studies both at the single-cell and systems levels. It still remains, though, to combine all the pieces in the puzzle to a coherent picture of brain function. While single nerve cells (neurons) are fairly well understood, the signal - processing properties of the nerve-cell networks in cortex are still obscure. The growth of experimental data has led to a revival of so - called rate equation models for cell networks in nervous tissue (neural networks). In these models, the probability for firing action potentials, the key information carriers in the brain, is the main dynamical variable. These models assume the form of coupled integral and integro - differential equations, and they describe non-linearand nonlocal interactions between the population of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.In the present talk I will discuss the properties of the continuum limit of a 2 population nonlocal Hopfield type of neuronal network model, with spatial periodic microstructure incorporated in the connectivity strength. The modelling framework is derived by means of a homogenization procedure, where the spatial nonlocalities are dealt with by means of Visintins theorem for 2-scale convergence of convolution integrals. I will discuss existence and stability of stationary localized solutions (bumps) and pattern formation though Turing type of instabilities within the framework of this model.
Potensi Kearifan Lokal Kudus Dalam Pembelajaran IPA Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Aufa Muhammad Rijal 
Published: March 2023

Di era globalisasi ini, terdapat banyak dampak negatif terutama dalam hal kearifan lokal. Demi melestarikan dan memperkenalkan kearifan lokal kepada siswa maka cara yang paling tepat adalah dengan menghubungkan kearifan lokal dengan materi IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Menghubungkan antara kearifan lokal dengan pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar ini mampu menguatkan penerapan konsep yang dipelajari dan mampu membuat kesan tersendiri bagi siswa sehingga informasi yang di dapat siswa akan tersimpan lebih lama di dalam otak mereka. Tujuan dari analisis penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis potensi kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif naratif. Penelitian dengan pendekatan naratif secara umum merupakan bagian menyeluruh dari suau praktik penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif sehingga diperlukan pemahaman mengenai karakteristik dari jenis – jenis penelitian yang termasuk dalam kategori pendekatan naratif sebelum melaksanakannya (Suparman, 2009). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dengan mengajukan sejumlah pertanyaan secara lisan dan dijawab secara lisan pula., observasi meliputi pengamatan kondisi interaksi pembelajaran, tingkah laku anak dan interaksi anak dalam kelompoknya. Teknik analisis data dilakukan sepanjang penelitian mulai dari awal penelitian hingga akhir penelitian. Hal ini dilakukan karena peneliti kualitatif mendapat data yang membutuhkan analisis sejak awal penelitin bahkan hasil analisis penelitian awal akan menentukan proses penelitian selanjutnya. Terdapat tiga jalur dalam analisis data kualitatif yaitu reduksi data, pemyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan (Miles & Huberman, 1992). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketika guru mampu menghadirkan kearifan lokal dalam menjelaskan materi IPA maka siswa akan menjadi lebih mudah dalam memahami materi, selain itu dapat membuat siswa menjadi lebih peka dengan hal-hal yang ada lingkungan sekitar. Contoh budaya yang dikembangan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran IPA adalah Batik Kudus. Selain itu batik Kudus contoh kearifan lokal yang disampaikan dalam pembelajaran yaitu Jenang Kudus. Pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal sangat penting diterapkan dalam pembelajaran yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa serta sebagai media dalam menumbuhkan rasa cinta terhadap kearifan lokal di daerah, penanaman karakter positif sesuai nilai luhur.
Exploring the training experiences of trainee educational psychologists in supporting children and young people with literacy difficulties
Authors: Maries-Collier Freya , Woods Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AimsThis research aims to build a national picture of the range of training that trainee educational psychologists (TEPs) in England receive in relation to literacy difficulties and/or dyslexia (LitD/D), and how this goes on to influence their professional practice.Method/RationaleThe practice of educational psychologists (EPs) in working with children and young people with LitD/D has been described as inconsistent, as different EP services use different definitions, policies and diagnostic pathways. A lack of consensus in knowledge and practice may have negative implications for the principle of equality of access and the positioning of EPs as evidence-based practitioners. Focus groups were held across five universities, with 24 TEPs in their second or final year of the three-year professional doctorate training programme taking part. Transcripts were analysed thematically.FindingsTEPs’ training and professional experiences varied, with some perceiving that identifying and supporting children with LitD/D was not indicated as a priority concern in their practice placements.LimitationsThis was an exploratory study, which may limit the transferability of findings. However, the range of patterning of views and variation of opinions discussed by the participants suggest that a fair representation of TEPs’ experiences and perceptions was captured through the focus groups.ConclusionsConsidering TEPs acknowledged a desire to feel more competent in supporting children with LitD/D, there are implications for the content and approach of training programmes, and a need for more a directive role for professional legislation.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter melalui Barang Luqatah pada Siswa Kelas 3 MI Bahrul Ulum Bumiaji Kota Batu
Authors: Arifah Afifatu Nur , Kusumaningrum Lintang Dewi , Zauqy M. Fahmi 
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimanakah hasil dari pelaksanaannya program pengumpulan barang-barang luqatah pada siswa. Fokus penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimanakah startegi serta pelaksanaannya program kotak barang luqatah sehingga akan berdampak positif perkembangan karakter bagi siswa? Pendidikan karakter merupakan salah satu usaha yang harus dilakukan bagi lembaga pendidikan sebagai. Menyikapi pentingnya pendidikan karakter bagi anak-anak, maka salah satu bentuk usaha sebagai seorang guru adalah dengan mengadakan program kotak barang luqatah di dalam kelas sebagai salah satu bentuk pembiasaan bagi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengambarkan serta menjelaskan objek penelitian dengan semaksimal mungkin. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan program kotak barang luqatah mampu memberikan sumbangan terhadap salah satu usaha mengembangkan karakter siswa yakni berupa karakter tanggung jawab dan kejujuran, yang mana tanggung jawab dan kejujuran merupakan dua karakter yang sangat penting dan berpengaruh bagi kehidupan manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari Dalam pelaksanaan program kotak barang luqatah penting bagi seorang guru untuk memberikan stimulus serta gambaran-gambaran kepada para siswa akan pentingnya untuk memberikan dukungan terhadap pelaksanaan program kotak barang luqatah sehingga mereka para siswam tidak mengabaikan program tersebut dan melaksanakannya dengan sebaik mungkin, mulai dari mereka yang menemukan barang luqatah dan mereka yang barangnya telah masuk ke kotak barang luqatah.
Can Vaccines Alone Bring an End to This Pandemic?
Authors: Bhaumik Shalini , MUKHIDA SAHJID , Das Nikunjakumar , Khan Sameena , Patil Rajashri , Kannuri Sriram 
Published: March 2023

Recently we passed through the covid-19 pandemic. We were eagerly wait for the covid-19 vaccine but after development of vaccine, what benefits we get? In the era of vaccine we want to give our inputs. During the covid-19 pandemic, every person was waiting for the vaccine. They were alert for each step of vaccine trial updates. They were hopping that once vaccine comes, it will make magic and the world will be free from the covid-19 virus which did not happen. If vaccine is powerful why second or third wave occurred? There are various cases of reinfection of the covid-19 to humans even after successful vaccination completion. One of the leading covid vaccine production company chief executive officer Was infected with Covid-19 even after successful vaccination. we conclude that vaccines solely are not effective and contact precautions and herd immunity is also important. We conclude that vaccines solely are not effective and contact precautions and herd immunity is also important. We are not against the vaccines; we are against to mentality which think that vaccine end the covid-19 pandemic. Keep one thing in our mind, that virus will never be dead, somewhere they are alive. When they get chance to mutate them self, they will make their new variants and come again.
In the Eye of the Storm: When Retreat Is an Unacceptable Option
Authors: KOZLESKI ELIZABETH , STEPANIUK INNA , PROFFITT WILLIAM 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, we argue that students, families, educators, administrators, and policymakers are in the eye of a storm ravaging the U.S. education system. The eye is defined by a growing commitment to top-down policies and practices that dismiss culture, history, and context and attempt to improve the education of all students with and without dis/abilities through standardizing the education process. In a rush to coordinate and align systems, communities, families, educators, and students are subjected to standard protocols that seek to govern and regulate the personal, relational process of learning. The need for formal education has never been greater; the question is to what end? Innovation comes not from standardizing what is to be known but from expanding how we question the tools we use for learning and the degree to which our learning communities honor diversity in thought, culture, and activity. Communities will thrive where their members have the capacity to learn collectively, synthesize information and resources, and produce knowledges to solve the great challenges of the 21st century. We propose educator learning that centers students’ needs and capacities and advance the notion of creating intersectional learning spaces that bring students, educators, and diverse communities together.
Examining Inclusive Education Research in India with a Focus on Teachers: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: SARKAR TANUSHREE , FORBER-PRATT ANJALI J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Teachers are considered as the powerful implementers of inclusive education and are at the frontlines in responding to the increasing diversity of learners in their classrooms. India is a vast, diverse country where access to quality education is denied across various lines of marginalization, including caste, religion, gender, class, language, and disability. Inclusive education policy in India sets up contradictory expectations for teachers, with no clear pathways toward inclusive education. This scoping review examines empirical research on teachers within inclusive education in India to highlight gaps, challenges, and future directions. Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), Education Database, and Google Scholar were used to identify peer-reviewed articles on teachers within inclusive education in India. A total of 253 articles were identified and 27 articles were selected for the review. The present analysis identifies tensions in the literature on how inclusion is defined, how teachers are studied, and how teacher practices are understood. The analysis discusses the lack of research on teacher practices, the absence of contextualized perspectives on teacher practices, and implications of the confusion around inclusive education for teachers in India.