bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPRi-TnSeq: A genome-wide high-throughput tool for bacterial essential-nonessential genetic interaction mapping
Authors: Jana Bimal , Liu Xue , Dénéréaz Julien , Park Hongshik , Leshchiner Dmitry , Liu Bruce , Gallay Clément , Veening Jan-Willem , van Opijnen Tim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenetic interaction networks can help identify functional connections between genes and pathways, which can be leveraged to establish (new) gene function, drug targets, and fill pathway gaps. Since there is no optimal tool that can map genetic interactions across many different bacterial strains and species, we develop CRISPRi-TnSeq, a genome-wide tool that maps genetic interactions between essential genes and nonessential genes through the knockdown of a targeted essential gene (CRISPRi) and the simultaneous knockout of individual nonessential genes (Tn-Seq). CRISPRi-TnSeq thereby identifies, on a genome-wide scale, synthetic and suppressor-type relationships between essential and nonessential genes, enabling the construction of essential-nonessential genetic interaction networks. To develop and optimize CRISPRi-TnSeq, CRISPRi strains were obtained for 13 essential genes inStreptococcus pneumoniae,involved in different biological processes including metabolism, DNA replication, transcription, cell division and cell envelope synthesis. Transposon-mutant libraries were constructed in each strain enabling screening of ∼24,000 gene-gene pairs, which led to the identification of 1,334 genetic interactions, including 754 negative and 580 positive genetic interactions. Through extensive network analyses and validation experiments we identify a set of 17 pleiotropic genes, of which a subset tentatively functions as genetic capacitors, dampening phenotypic outcomes and protecting against perturbations. Furthermore, we focus on the relationships between cell wall synthesis, integrity and cell division and highlight: 1) how essential gene knockdown can be compensated by rerouting flux through nonessential genes in a pathway; 2) the existence of a delicate balance between Z-ring formation and localization, and septal and peripheral peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis to successfully accomplish cell division; 3) the control of c-di-AMP over intracellular K+and turgor, and thereby modulation of the cell wall synthesis machinery; 4) the dynamic nature of cell wall protein CozEb and its effect on PG synthesis, cell shape morphology and envelope integrity; 5) functional dependency between chromosome decatenation and segregation, and the critical link with cell division, and cell wall synthesis. Overall, we show that CRISPRi-TnSeq uncovers genetic interactions between closely functionally linked genes and pathways, as well as disparate genes and pathways, highlighting pathway dependencies and valuable leads for gene function. Importantly, since both CRISPRi and Tn-Seq are widely used tools, CRISPRi-TnSeq should be relatively easy to implement to construct genetic interaction networks across many different microbial strains and species.
Expression of ALS-PFN1 impairs vesicular degradation in iPSC-derived microglia
Authors: Funes Salome , Gadd Del Hayden , Mosqueda Michelle , Zhong Jianjun , Jung Jonathan , Shankaracharya  , Unger Matthew , Cameron Debra , Dawes Pepper , Keagle Pamela J. , McDonough Justin A. , Boopathy Sivakumar , Sena-Esteves Miguel , Lutz Cathleen , Skarnes William C. , Lim Elaine T. , Schafer Dorothy P. , Massi Francesca , Landers John E. , Bosco Daryl A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTMicroglia play a pivotal role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying microglia dysfunction and toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. To investigate the effect of neurodegenerative disease-linked genes on the intrinsic properties of microglia, we studied microglia-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), termed iMGs, harboring mutations in profilin-1 (PFN1) that are causative for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS-PFN1 iMGs exhibited lipid dysmetabolism and deficits in phagocytosis, a critical microglia function. Our cumulative data implicate an effect of ALS-linked PFN1 on the autophagy pathway, including enhanced binding of mutant PFN1 to the autophagy signaling molecule PI3P, as an underlying cause of defective phagocytosis in ALS-PFN1 iMGs. Indeed, phagocytic processing was restored in ALS-PFN1 iMGs with Rapamycin, an inducer of autophagic flux. These outcomes demonstrate the utility of iMGs for neurodegenerative disease research and highlight microglia vesicular degradation pathways as potential therapeutic targets for these disorders.
Ultraconserved bacteriophage genome sequence identified in 1300-year-old human palaeofaeces
Authors: Rozwalak Piotr , Barylski Jakub , Wijesekara Yasas , Dutilh Bas E. , Zielezinski Andrzej 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBacteriophages are widely recognised as rapidly evolving biological entities. However, we discovered an ancient genome nearly identical to present-dayMushuvirus mushu, a phage that infects commensal microorganisms in the human gut ecosystem. The DNA damage patterns of this genome have confirmed its ancient origin, and, despite 1300 years of evolution, the ancientMushuvirusgenome shares 97.7% nucleotide identity with its modern counterpart, indicating a long-term relationship between the prophage and its host. We also reconstructed and authenticated 297 other phage genomes from the last 5300 years, including those belonging to unknown families. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing ancient phage genomes, expanding the known virosphere, and offering new insights into phage-bacteria interactions that cover several millennia.
Deciphering Neuronal Deficit and Protein Profile Changes in Human Brain Organoids from Patients with Creatine Transporter Deficiency
Authors: Broca-Brisson Léa , Harati Rania , Disdier Clémence , Mozner Orsolya , Gaston-Breton Romane , Maïza Auriane , Costa Narciso , Guyot Anne-Cécile , Sarkadi Balazs , Apati Agota , Skelton Matthew R , Madrange Lucie , Yates Frank , Armengaud Jean , Hamoudi Rifat A. , Mabondzo Aloïse 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCreatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene. The impaired creatine uptake in the brain results in intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, language delay, and seizures. In this work, we generated human brain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy subjects and CTD patients. Brain organoids from CTD donors had reduced creatine uptake compared with those from healthy donors. The expression of neural progenitor cell markers SOX2 and PAX6 was reduced in CTD derived organoids, while GSK3β, a key regulator of neurogenesis, was up-regulated. Shotgun proteomics combined with integrative bioinformatic and statistical analysis identified changes in abundance of proteins associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. Re-establishment of the expression a functional SLC6A8 in CTD-derived organoids restored creatine uptake and normalized the expression of SOX2, GSK3β and other key proteins associated with clinical features of CTD patients. Our brain organoid model opens new avenues for further characterizing the CTD pathophysiology and supports the concept that reinstating creatine levels in patients with CTD could result in therapeutic efficacy.Summary Heading:Therapeutic targets associated with Creatine Transporter Deficiency
A satellite component contour extraction method for lightweight space mobile platforms
Authors: Li Qianlong , Zhu Zhanxia , Liang Junwu 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Owing to the complex space environment and limited computing resources, traditional and deep learning-based methods cannot complete the task of satellite component contour extraction effectively. To this end, this paper aims to propose a high-quality real-time contour extraction method based on lightweight space mobile platforms.

Design/methodology/approach
A contour extraction method that combines two edge clues is proposed. First, Canny algorithm is improved to extract preliminary contours without inner edges from the depth images. Subsequently, a new type of edge pixel feature is designed based on surface normal. Finally, surface normal edges are extracted to supplement the integrity of the preliminary contours for contour extraction.

Findings
Extensive experiments show that this method can achieve a performance comparable to that of deep learning-based methods and can achieve a 36.5 FPS running rate on mobile processors. In addition, it exhibits better robustness under complex scenes.

Practical implications
The proposed method is expected to promote the deployment process of satellite component contour extraction tasks on lightweight space mobile platforms.

Originality/value
A pixel feature for edge detection is designed and combined with the improved Canny algorithm to achieve satellite component contour extraction. This study provides a new research idea for contour extraction and instance segmentation research.
An exploration of the practices of locational flexibility in developing economies: insights from the Nigerian higher education sector
Authors: Mordi Chima , Ajonbadi Hakeem Adeniyi , Adekoya Olatunji David , Oruh Emeka Smart 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study explores the practices of locational flexibility in the Nigerian higher education sector. It examines the realities of remotely organising and managing academics' teaching and administrative workload, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachRelying on the interpretative paradigm, the dataset consists of semi-structured interviews with 92 professionals in the Nigerian higher educational institution (HEI) sector drawn from private and public federal government-owned and regional (otherwise known as state government) tertiary institutions.FindingsThe study highlights the practices of locational flexibility across the Nigerian higher education sector. Therefore, it underscores the notions of locational flexibility from the perspective of Nigerian academics. It reveals a paucity in the range and usage of locational flexibility options across the Nigerian higher education sector, as well as the factors shaping its implementation and utilisation. Ultimately, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings reveal that locational flexibility is predominantly environmentally induced.Originality/valueThis study focused on a salient topic that explores the practices of locational flexibility, particularly in an underresearched context of developing economies, specifically Nigeria. Moreover, the study contributes to the scarce literature on locational flexibility. Additionally, unlike previous studies that are mostly preoccupied with the meaning of the concept and the importance of the practice to employees' work-life balance, organisational flexibility, and overall operational performance, this study underpins the practices, utilisation and barriers to implementing locational flexibility.
Time to build a new practice of foresight for national economies? Ireland, and uncertain futures in forecasts and scenarios
Authors: O’Mahony Tadhg , Luukkanen Jyrki , Vehmas Jarmo , Kaivo-oja Jari Roy Lee 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The literature on economic forecasting, is showing an increase in criticism, of the inaccuracy of forecasts, with major implications for economic, and fiscal policymaking. Forecasts are subject to the systemic uncertainty of human systems, considerable event-driven uncertainty, and show biases towards optimistic growth paths. The purpose of this study is to consider approaches to improve economic foresight.

Design/methodology/approach
This study describes the practice of economic foresight as evolving in two separate, non-overlapping branches, short-term economic forecasting, and long-term scenario analysis of development, the latter found in studies of climate change and sustainability. The unique case of Ireland is considered, a country that has experienced both steep growth and deep troughs, with uncertainty that has confounded forecasting. The challenges facing forecasts are discussed, with brief review of the drivers of growth, and of long-term economic scenarios in the global literature.

Findings
Economic forecasting seeks to manage uncertainty by improving the accuracy of quantitative point forecasts, and related models. Yet, systematic forecast failures remain, and the economy defies prediction, even in the near-term. In contrast, long-term scenario analysis eschews forecasts in favour of a set of plausible or possible alternative scenarios. Using alternative scenarios is a response to the irreducible uncertainty of complex systems, with sophisticated approaches employed to integrate qualitative and quantitative insights.

Research limitations/implications
To support economic and fiscal policymaking, it is necessary support advancement in approaches to economic foresight, to improve handling of uncertainty and related risk.

Practical implications
While European Union Regulation (EC) 1466/97 mandates pursuit of improved accuracy, in short-term economic forecasts, there is now a case for implementing advanced foresight approaches, for improved analysis, and more robust decision-making.

Social implications
Building economic resilience and adaptability, as part of a sustainable future, requires both long-term strategic planning, and short-term policy. A 21st century policymaking process can be better supported by analysis of alternative scenarios.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the article is original in considering the application of scenario foresight approaches, in economic forecasting. The study has value in improving the baseline forecast methods, that are fundamental to contemporary economics, and in bringing the field of economics into the heart of foresight.
Examining employee performance through knowledge management practices, organisational commitment and capacity building in the Malaysian hotel industry
Authors: Patwary Ataul Karim , Azam Nor Rabiatul Adawiyah Nor , Ashraf Muhammad Umair , Muhamed Yusoff Abdullah , Mehmood Waqas , Rabiul Md Karim 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of knowledge management practices, organisational commitment and capacity building on employee performance in the hotel industry. This study also investigated the mediating role of organisational commitment and capacity building between knowledge management practices and employee performance.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach and questionnaire survey were used to collect data from hotel employees from Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to collect data from 291 participants, and partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the hypotheses.FindingsThe results of this study confirm that knowledge management practices positively and significantly affect knowledge-employee performance. Employees achieve this performance through the mediating influence of organisational commitment and capacity building culture.Practical implicationsThis study offers several implications for Malaysian practitioners and policymakers regarding learning and knowledge management practices in the hospitality industry. The results suggest that organisations can manage knowledge assets and key processes of the organisational environment to create and use knowledge to improve sustainable employee performance through knowledge management practices.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on the knowledge management literature by examining the effect of knowledge management practices on organisational commitment, particularly in the hospitality industry in Malaysia.
Meaning making and relatedness: exploring critical data literacies on social media
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Parameswaran Prasina 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe goal of this study is to explore how content creators engage in critical data literacies on TikTok, a social media site that encourages the creation and dissemination of user-created, short-form videos. Critical data literacies encompass the ability to reason with, critique, control, and repurpose data for creative uses. Existing work on critical data literacies on social media has focused on understanding of personal data, critique of data use, and strategies to protect privacy. This work focuses on how TikTok content creators repurpose data to construct their own narratives.Design/methodology/approachThrough hashtag search, the authors created a corpus of 410 TikTok videos focused on discussing environmental and climate action, and qualitatively coded the videos for data literacies practices and video features (audio, footage, background images) that may support these practices.FindingsContent creators engaged in multiple practices to attach meanings to data and situate environmental and climate action discourse in lived experiences. While there were instances of no data practices, we found cases where creators compiled different data sources, situated data in personal and local contexts, and positioned their experiences as data points to supplement or counter other statistics. Creators further leveraged the platform’s technical features, particularly the ability to add original audio and background images, to add narratives to the collective discourse.Originality/valueThis study presents a unique focus on examining critical data literacies on social media. Findings highlight how content creators repurpose data and integrate personal experiences. They illustrate platform features to support data practices and inform the design of learning environments.
Differentiated SnSb grain size distribution for improved tribological properties of Babbitt alloy
Authors: Ni Yuquan , Guo Peng , Ren Chonggang , Yin Jicai , Bian Bingchuan 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The grain size and grain distribution mode have a significant impact on the tribological properties of Babbitt alloy. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of differentiated SnSb grain size distribution on the improvement of tribological properties of Babbitt alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
Babbitt (marked by babbitt-cr), with a differentiated SnSb grain size distribution, was fabricated using a selective zone laser surface treatment. Bare Babbitt with coarse SnSb grain was marked as babbitt-c, and Babbitt with refined SnSb grain was marked as babbitt-r. The microstructure, microhardness and wettability of specimens were tested. The tribological properties of babbitt-c, babbitt-r and babbitt-cr were evaluated under dry and lubricated conditions.

Findings
The microstructure transforms from single coarse SnSb grain distribution or single refined SnSb grain distribution to differentiated SnSb grain size distribution, as a result of selective zone laser surface treatment. Among three specimens of microhardness, babbitt-cr showed the highest microhardness. The lipophilicity property of babbitt-cr was better compared to babbitt-c. A mixture of coarse and refined grain is beneficial to improve the tribological properties of Babbitt alloy under dry condition. Furthermore, compared with babbitt-c, the wear resistance of babbitt-cr was enhanced under lubricated condition. However, the anti-wear property of babbitt-cr was not significantly improved relative to babbitt-r with an increase in the loads.

Originality/value
The study demonstrates that modulated different grain size alternating distribution modes can improve the tribological properties of Babbitt alloy.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2022-0259/
The presence of women in family SMEs' succession process: a conceptual framework guided by gender perspective
Authors: Franco Mário , Nagilla Mayara , Rodrigues Margarida 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study aims to analyze how the presence of women is seen in family small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) succession process from the successors' perspective.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, the multiple case study method (qualitative approach) was used: five Brazilian SMEs and three Portuguese SMEs, and the data-collecting techniques were the online interview and documentary analysis. Data analysis was through content analysis using NVivo software.FindingsThe empirical evidence obtained led to the conclusion that the natural succession process is predominant in the family SMEs studied here. Although succession planning is present in some firms, these plans are informal and not rigid as regards deadlines. Nor do they present stages and tasks that could be considered as a planned succession.Practical implicationsThe study shows that successors do not see gender as a relevant criterion for the choice of successor. It is concluded that women's participation in family SME succession, even to a lesser extent, is still marked by gender inequality. So, this study provides directions to policymakers and researchers to focus on developmental programmes for the presence of women in family SMEs' succession process.Originality/valueAlthough some successors consider that these firms' performance may be different due to gender characteristics, others emphasize that management is the same. Therefore, this study provides the futuristic direction to policymakers, researchers and educators for focusing on the enhancement of women entrepreneurs which plays a crucial role in the family SMEs' succession process. Therefore, a conceptual framework is proposed that explains the articulation of different categories to understand the gender perspective in family firms' succession.
Election campaigns and the cyclical nature of emotions—How politicians engage in affective polarization
Authors: Öhberg Patrik , Cassel Felix 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDo politicians get emotional during an election campaign? We examine the existence of changes in partisan in‐group favoritism and partisan out‐group hostility among political elites by evaluating the degree to which they fluctuate before, during and after election campaigns. The lack of elite level panel data has prevented scholars from studying the dynamics of politicians' emotions around the most emotionally intense political event in democracies: elections. We focus on Sweden around the 2014 election and follow more than 700 Swedish politicians before, during and after a national election campaign using a unique three‐wave panel survey. The results reveal that politicians' emotions towards other parties are affected during the election, but less so for their own party. Our study adds to the body of recent evidence that campaigns mobilize partisan identities and increase partisan animus.
Factors affecting tourist expectations of wildlife tour programs for mindfulness and conservative wildlife tourism: The case of Dong Phayayen‐Khao Yai, a World Heritage Site in Thailand
Authors: Manowaluilou Nongluck , Sangchoey Thanakrit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to (1) classify wildlife tourists' behaviors and attitudes toward wildlife tourism; (2) analyze expectations of wildlife tour programs in the Dong Phaya Yen‐Khao Yai World Heritage Site in Thailand. The data collection methods were: questionnaires and focus groups conducted from September 2021 to February 2022. A path analysis model analyzed factors influencing wildlife tourists' decisions. This study proposed four wildlife tourist groups: true wildlife, researchers, generalists, and tag‐along. Tourists' wildlife tourism programs and models have been proposed to respond to the needs of each wildlife tourist with mindfulness and conservation as the focus. The results indicated that the wildlife tourism development in this area must use value‐creation with conservative wildlife activities and attractions. Based on these results concerning tourism development, wildlife tourist types should be considered significant concerns of wildlife tourist activities. For effective tourism development, priority should be given to developing facilities and providing quality services.