bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceFamilial hypercholesterolemia and multifactorial dyslipidemia are 2 conditions that cause abnormally high lipid levels in children, which can lead to premature cardiovascular events (eg, myocardial infarction and stroke) and death in adulthood.ObjectiveThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in asymptomatic children and adolescents.PopulationAsymptomatic children and adolescents 20 years or younger without a known diagnosis of a lipid disorder.Evidence AssessmentThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient and the balance of benefits and harms for screening for lipid disorders in asymptomatic children and adolescents 20 years or younger cannot be determined.RecommendationThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger. (I statement)
An In Vivo Self‐Assembled Bispecific Nanoblocker for Enhancing Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Xing‐Jie , Zhang Ni‐Yuan , Hou Da‐Yong , Wang Zhi‐Jia , Wang Man‐Di , Yi Li , Song Zhang‐Zhi , Liang Jian‐Xiao , Li Xiang‐Peng , An Hong‐Wei , Xu Wanhai , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody has achieved substantial success in tumor immunotherapy by T‐cells activation. However, the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components induced by unsatisfactory T‐cells infiltration and poor tumor penetration of antibodies make it challenging to realize efficient tumor immunotherapy. Herein, a peptide‐based bispecific nanoblocker (BNB) strategy is reported for in situ construction of CXCR4/PD‐L1 targeted nanoclusters on the surface of tumor cells that are capable of boosting T‐cells infiltration through CXCR4 blockage and enhancing T‐cells activation by PD‐L1 occupancy, ultimately realizing high‐performance tumor immunotherapy. Briefly, the BNB strategy selectively recognizes and bonds CXCR4/PD‐L1 with deep tumor penetration, which rapidly self‐assembles into nanoclusters on the surface of tumor cells. Compared to the traditional bispecific antibody, BNB exhibits an intriguing metabolic behavior, that is, the elimination half‐life (t1/2) of BNB in the tumor is 69.3 h which is ≈50 times longer than that in the plasma (1.4 h). The higher tumor accumulation and rapid systemic clearance overcome potential systemic side effects. Moreover, the solid tumor stress generated by excessive extracellular matrix components is substantially reduced to 44%, which promotes T‐cells infiltration and activation for immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, these findings substantially strengthen and extend clinical applications of PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy.
Peptide‐Appended Nanosonosensitizers Targeting Tumor Glycolysis for Synergistic Sonodynamic–Immunometabolic Therapy of Spinal‐Metastasized Tumors
Authors: Chen Zhiyang , Chen Liang , Ma Yiqun , Liu Yuyi , Zhang Qianyi , Qin Hao , Chen Yu , Tian Bo , Dong Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, challenges have yet to be surmounted to achieve two major goals of magnifying antitumor immunity and remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, a nanosystem (ODM‐R) that integrates oxygen‐deficient molybdenum oxide (ODM) nanosonosensitizers and R7 peptides with tumor metabolism regulation effects is designed and fabricated for synergistic sonodynamic–immunometabolic therapy of spinal‐metastasized tumors. The ODM generates reactive oxygen species upon ultrasound irradiation to implement sonodynamic therapy (SDT), inducing cancer cell apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. The R7 attached on ODM markedly inhibits the uptake of glucose and excretion of lactic acid in cancer cells by perturbing the glycolysis process. The combination of SDT and tumor glycolysis obstruction by ODM‐R guarantees satisfactory efficacy in synergizing with PD‐L1 antibody to eradicate spinal‐metastasized tumors, achieving concurrent sonodynamic‐triggered immune activation and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remodeling. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept of nanosonosensitizers for boosting cancer immunotherapy by SDT and tumor metabolic regulation.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Aliphatic C−H Chlorination and Bromination Using Haloform as the Halogen Donor and Azidobenziodoxole as the Mediator
Authors: He Qin , Cao Zehui , Zhang Yangyang , Chen Gong , Wang Yaxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn azidobenziodoxole (BIN3)‐mediated tunable radical reaction system for selective chlorination and bromination of tertiary and secondary C(sp3)−H bonds of alkyl substrates using haloform as the halogen donor was developed. Reactions of various substrates with BIN3under visible light irradiation without any photo or metal catalysts gave C−H chlorinated or brominated products. These reactions are selective, and compatible with many functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggest that haloform serves as the halogen atom donor and HN3generatedin situfrom the reaction of BIN3and water relays the radical chain reaction as the hydrogen atom donor. HN3reacts with CHX2⋅ to form CH2X2and N3⋅, which propagates a radical chain by abstracting a hydrogen atom of the alkane substrate.
Nonprecious High‐Entropy Chalcogenide Glasses‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient and Stable Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Jo Seunghwan , Kim Min‐Cheol , Lee Keon Beom , Choi Hyeonggeun , Zhang Liting , Sohn Jung Inn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere,nonprecious high‐entropy chalcogenide glasses (N‐HECGs) consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, Mo, W, and Te are demonstrated in a first demonstration of acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). N‐HECGs electrocatalysts with high activity and stability are synthesized using a hierarchical hybrid approach based on a combination of electrochemical deposition and tellurization process. The as‐prepared CoFeNiMoWTe N‐HECGs electrocatalysts exhibit an amorphous, porous structure of arrayed nanosheets with abundant active sites and the increased valence states of metal cations due to the incorporated non‐metallic Te, enabling the enhancement of glass forming ability and the valence states of metal elements. Thanks to the combination of their unique geometrical and chemical structure, as well as high configuration entropy nature and high corrosion‐resistance ability, the resultant CoFeNiMoWTe N‐HECGs exhibit excellent acidic OER catalytic performance with a superior overpotential of 373 mV and outstanding stability of 100 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4. Moreover, the CoFeNiMoWTe‐based proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer is demonstrated to require a cell voltage of 1.81 V at 70 °C to obtain the practically high current density of 1 A cm−2, and exhibits remarkably long‐term stability for 100 h with small potential degradation of only 30 mV.
Predictive factors of return‐to‐work trajectory after work‐related rotator cuff syndrome: A prospective study of 96 workers
Authors: Pichené‐Houard Anne , Sirveaux François , Clerc‐Urmès Isabelle , Paris Nicolas , Michel Blaise , Jacquot Adrien , Martinet Noël , Claudon Laurent , Paysant Jean , Wild Pascal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveSustained return to work after surgery for work‐related rotator cuff syndrome (WRRCS) remains quite difficult. The main purpose of the present study was to identify predictive factors of a return‐to‐work (RTW) trajectory.MethodsA total of 96 workers with WRRCS were identified by 4 surgeons. They were followed prospectively before and after the surgery, until 1 year after RTW, or for 20 months after surgery when they did not. Participants completed a series of standardized questionnaires related to working conditions, health, and beliefs, and performed functional tests at the inclusion time. During the follow‐up period, they were regularly asked about their working conditions (present or not at work), activity (normal or lightened physical duties) and schedules (full‐ or part‐time job). Statistical analysis was based on single‐ and multiple‐factor models of prediction of the workers' trajectory.ResultsThree trajectories of RTW were distinguished, considering RTW and absenteeism that occurred during the follow‐up: stable, unstable, and non‐RTW. The median age of the sample was 49.5 [45.0–54.0], with 67.7% of workers employed in highly physically demanding jobs. In the multiple factor model, three factors were highly predictive of the trajectory: perceived health before surgery, having had a repaired ruptured‐rotator‐cuff tendinopathy, and the level of physical demand of the job.ConclusionThree easy‐to‐collect predictive factors of RTW trajectory have been identified. They may be useful for healthcare professionals and care givers to identify vulnerable workers' risk of occupational dropout after arthroscopic surgery for rotator cuff tendinopathy.
A phosphorus/silicon‐containing flame retardant based on eugenol for improving flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Xie Qiunan , Lin Jieying , Huang Jiateng , Xie Kaili , Liu Jingcheng , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP) has excellent comprehensive properties, but its inherent flammability limits its further application in high‐end industries. The present study focuses on the preparation of an efficient phosphorus/silicon‐containing flame retardant for improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP. The intermediate product ED was first obtained by the addition reaction of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) with eugenol, and then the target flame retardant DPSi‐ED was synthesized by the Williamson etherification reaction between ED and dichlorodiphenylsilane. The flame retardant was further incorporated into EP/4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) system to prepare the modified epoxy thermosets. The flame‐retardant performance and mechanism were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical combustion test, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectroscopy (TG‐IR), and so forth. At the same phosphorus content (0.5 wt%), EP/DPSi‐ED thermosets exhibited superior flame‐retardant properties to EP/ED thermosets. Moreover, EP/DPSi‐ED7 achieved a LOI of 35.3% and V‐0 rating in UL‐94 testing, and compared to EP/ED7, its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 31.5% and 10.9%, respectively. The phosphorus and silicon elements synergistically contributed to the formation of a stable char layer, which acted as a physical barrier to effectively enhance the flame‐retardant properties of the thermosets. Meanwhile, the incorporation of DPSi‐ED containing flexible SiO bonds and rigid DOPO groups to some extent also improved the mechanical properties of the cured EP. Hence, this study provides an effective strategy for the preparation of bio‐based phosphorus/silica‐containing high‐efficiency and smoke‐suppressing flame retardants.
Stepwise Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Subsequent Molecular Conversion to Control Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Konno Yui , Yamada Michio , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Maeda Yutaka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFunctionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has attracted interest because it alters the near‐infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and emission efficiency. These modifications depend on the binding configuration and degree of functionalization. Excessive functionalization reduces the emission efficiency as the integrity of the conjugated π system decreases; thus, controlling the degree of functionalization is essential. Because the binding configurations and degree of functionalization are affected by the reagent structure, a stepwise approach combining SWCNTs functionalization and subsequent reactions to introduce functional groups into the addenda could effectively control their PL properties and functionalities. We studied this approach by implementing the reductive alkylation of SWCNTs by using bromoalkanes with t‐butyl carbamate (Boc)‐protected amino groups and subsequent deprotection and amidation reactions. The reaction products were analyzed based on absorption, PL, and Raman spectroscopy and the Kaiser test. Depending on the structure of the reagent, deprotection and amidation reactions competed with the elimination reaction of addenda, altering the PL properties of the SWCNTs. Furthermore, the elimination reaction was inhibited in the adducts functionalized using dibromoalkane with Boc‐protected amino groups, demonstrating that the use of appropriate reagents enables the molecular conversion of the functional groups of SWCNT adducts without affecting their PL properties.
Gold(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Tonon Giovanni , Botter Eleonora , Guillet Sebastien G. , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe prominent role of gold‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold‐based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold‐NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold‐NHC synthons as efficient pre‐catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo‐emissive materials are presented.
Changing with the times: Seasonal environmental gradients unveil dynamic bat assemblages and vulnerability
Authors: Raposeira Helena , Horta Pedro , Heleno Ruben , Rebelo Hugo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUncovering the temporal and spatial dynamics of biological communities in response to biotic and abiotic drivers is essential to predict the effects of environmental change on biodiversity. Similarly, estimating species vulnerability in the face of such dynamics is crucial for implementing effective conservation actions. We explored how bat diversity changes over the year across an altitudinal gradient and identified the environmental drivers that shape bat communities. By analysing species' marginality within the biophysical niche space, we evaluated bats' vulnerability to foreseeable environmental changes. Our results suggest that altitude, the proportion of forest cover and shrub cover are the main drivers shaping bat communities year‐round. Additionally, while some bat species are restricted to a single ecological assemblage (or ecological preferences group), others show greater plasticity throughout the year. Importantly, we found that although bats associated with highland habitats and forests could be particularly vulnerable to environmental changes (in particular Myotis mystacinus), this vulnerability correlates poorly with their national conservation status. We suggest that species' ecological plasticity is critical for the resilience of biological communities exposed to environmental changes and should be considered when planning tailored conservation strategies.
Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Han Yuru , Xie Wei , Li Mingting , Wang Zhi , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe South China Sea (SCS) basin is hypothesized to host distinct and bathymetrically differentiated fauna due to its semi‐enclosed basin and three‐layer circulation system. To test this hypothesis, three cow falls are artificially deployed at separate depths (655, 1604, and 3402 m) on Zhongnan seamount in the middle SCS, and the associated worms, Sirsoe spp. are selected as targets to explore their diversity, phylogeny, and zonation pattern. Analyses of collected specimens reveal three new Sirsoe species, which were then nominally described and named as S. polita sp. nov. (655 m), S. nanhaiensis sp. nov. (1604 and 3402 m), and S. feitiana sp. nov. (3402 m), and one known species (S. balaenophila lineage II). Metabarcoding analyses on cow‐fall sediments reveal seven additional Operated Taxonomic Units (OTUs) assigned to Sirsoe, increasing the Sirsoe diversity to 10 species/OTUs in the middle SCS. Their distribution along depth shows increasing diversity toward the deeper sites. Phylogenetic inferences recover S. polita closely related to S. alucia from the Southwest Atlantic, forming a lineage deeply divergent from others. The nine deep‐water species/OTUs are scattered in three distinct lineages showing closer phylogenetic relationships between 1604‐ and 3402‐m counterparts. The lineage formed by S. naihaiensis and S. feitiana is distinct from other non‐SCS congeners both morphologically and genetically. These results suggest multiple independent invasions of Sirsoe to the SCS, a new lineage potentially endemic to the SCS, and a strong zonation pattern related to depth, especially between the shallow (655 m) and the deep (1604 and 3402 m) sites. The semi‐enclosed feature combined with the physical structure of the SCS may contribute to such a pattern. This work is registered in ZooBank under: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:317771C8‐42D717‐4765‐A168‐B3BE99B09FBF.
Regional variation in climate change alters the range‐wide distribution of colour polymorphism in a wild bird
Authors: Koskenpato Katja , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Morosinotto Chiara , Gunko Ruslan , Karell Patrik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccording to Gloger's rule, animal colouration is expected to be darker in wetter and warmer climates. Such environmental clines are predicted to occur in colour polymorphic species and to be shaped by selection if colour morphs represent adaptations to different environments. We studied if the distribution of the colour polymorphic tawny owl (Strix aluco) morphs (a pheomelanic brown and a pale grey) across Europe follow the predictions of Gloger's rule and if there is a temporal change in the geographical patterns corresponding to regional variations in climate change. We used data on tawny owl museum skin specimen collections. First, we investigated long‐term spatiotemporal variation in the probability of observing the colour morphs in different climate zones. Second, we studied if the probability of observing the colour morphs was associated with general climatic conditions. Third, we studied if weather fluctuations prior to the finding year of an owl explain colour morph in each climate zone. The brown tawny owl morph was historically more common than the grey morph in every studied climate zone. Over time, the brown morph has become rarer in the temperate and Mediterranean zone, whereas it has first become rarer but then again more common in the boreal zone. Based on general climatic conditions, winter and summer temperatures were positively and negatively associated with the proportion of brown morph, respectively. Winter precipitation was negatively associated with the proportion of brown morph. The effects of 5‐year means of weather on the probability to observe a brown morph differed between climate zones, indicating region‐dependent effect of climate change and weather on tawny owl colouration. To conclude, tawny owl colouration does not explicitly follow Gloger's rule, implying a time and space‐dependent complex system shaped by many factors. We provide novel insights into how the geographic distribution of pheomelanin‐based colour polymorphism is changing.
Application of Bernoulli wavelet method on triple‐diffusive convection in Jeffery–Hamel flow
Authors: Raghunatha K. R. , Vinod Y. , Manjunatha B. V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, triple‐diffusive convection in the Jeffery–Hamel flow of viscous fluid is studied. The Jeffery–Hamel flow depends upon the radial component of velocity, while the peripheral velocity is zero. The problem has been articulated as nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) together with the pertinent boundary conditions. The reduction of the nonlinear coupled PDEs into new nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations is achieved via a collection of appropriate transformations, which is solved using the Bernoulli wavelet method. The obtained results were compared with the numerical results, confirming the good agreement between the present and previous numerical results. Dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed for the relevant factors involved. Furthermore, skin friction, heat transfer, and solute diffusions are calculated.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Digital Engineering Tool in a Project Engineering Company
Authors: Vatle Thomas Saraby , Zhao YangYang , Falk Kristin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe research for this paper focused on the evaluation of digital engineering tools that aid industrial engineering processes. The paper aims to investigate how to evaluate the effectiveness of such a tool to provide insight into how it fits the needs of a project engineering company. The research carried out a case study in a Norwegian subsidiary of a worldwide consulting and project engineering company. The company had previously implemented the digital engineering tool SmartPlant for information management, engineering drawings, interdisciplinary collaboration, and data exchange. The focus of the industry case study was to customize and use an evaluation method in practice on SmartPlant. The research used an evaluation method based on quality characteristics from the ISO/IEC 25010:2011 standard. We collected qualitative data on the digital engineering tools' usage in practice from semi‐structured interviews and a survey. In addition to this, we investigated the appropriate analysis methods for survey results, such as mean value vs. net promoter score. The research concluded that the evaluation method provided the company with valuable insight into the tool's benefits and drawbacks.
The Soft Skills Challenge: The left brain's search for its other half
Authors: Scott Zane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is an accelerating need for soft skills in the 21st‐century workplace. The need currently exceeds the level of those skills present in the workforce creating a recognized gap in soft skills. Despite the acknowledgment by industry and educators of the importance of soft skills and the gap, the structural causes of soft skill deficiencies persist. From negative attitudes about soft skills to the exclusion of their development from educational and industrial training programs, they are being neglected at the same time their importance to workplace success is climbing. This paper examines the soft skills gap, its causes, and some potential solutions for its remediation.