bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear feature selection using sparsity-promoted centroid-encoder
Authors: Ghosh Tomojit , Kirby Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe contribution of our work is two-fold. First, we propose a novel feature selection technique, sparsity-promoted centroid-encoder (SCE). The model uses the nonlinear mapping of artificial neural networks to reconstruct a sample as its class centroid and, at the same time, apply aℓ1-penalty to the weights of a sparsity promoting layer, placed between the input and first hidden layer, to select discriminative features from input data. Using the proposed method, we designed a feature selection framework that first ranks each feature and then, compiles the optimal set using validation samples. The second part of our study investigates the role of stochastic optimization, such as Adam, in minimizingℓ1-norm. The empirical analysis shows that the hyper-parameters of Adam (mini-batch size, learning rate, etc.) play a crucial role in promoting feature sparsity by SCE. We apply our technique to numerous real-world data sets and find that it significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, including LassoNet, stochastic gates (STG), feature selection networks (FsNet), supervised concrete autoencoder (CAE), deep feature selection (DFS), and random forest (RF).
Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine agents against selected oral pathogens
Authors: Almhöjd Ulrica Scherdin , Lehrkinder Anna , Roos-Jansåker Ann-Marie , Lingström Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Method-dependent comparison of antimicrobial agents’ efficacy against oral pathogens.

Materials and methods
Several sodium hypochlorite solutions (NaOCl)—Perisolv®, Carisolv® and Dakin’s solution—were equated with chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) against ten oral micro-organisms related to caries and periodontitis using different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques. Agents were adjusted to the final 70 mmol/L concentration of active chlorine molecule.

Results
Apart from H2O2 and the amino acids of Perisolv®, all the agents revealed an antimicrobial effect. Agar diffusion test ranked CHX (p < 0.05) as the most effective against all ten specimens, followed by the NaOCl of Perisolv® and Dakin’s solution. Correspondingly, in broth microdilution on agar, CHX was the most effective in eradicating micro-organisms at 0.03 mmol/L compared with 2.2 mmol/L of Dakin’s solution. In contrast, the bactericidal concentration of Dakin’s solution was the most effective at 0.2 mmol/L, (p < 0.001), followed by Perisolv® (2.14 mmol/L), CHX (2.38 mmol/L) and Carisolv® (3.33 mmol/L) after 5 and 10 min in broth dilution test. In live/dead analysis, 60-min exposure to a 2-fold concentration of agents resulted in two-log Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans inhibition by CHX (35 mmol/L) whilst Streptococcus mutans was more susceptible, in 0.8 and 8.8 mmol/L, after 10 min to CHX and Dakin’s respectively.

Conclusion
Replacement of CHX with tested hypochlorite agents showed evident potential and promoted rapid antimicrobial effect.

Clinical relevance
Effective antimicrobial agents are crucial in controlling pathogen-induced oral infections increasing clinical possibilities to combat oral biofilms. Additionally, CHX substitution with hypochlorite agents could eliminate CHX’s adverse effects.
Body condition variation in a riverine piscivore: have small non-native cyprinids benefited an endangered fish?
Authors: Osmundson Douglas B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRelations between annual abundance of three introduced fishes and body condition of an endangered piscivore, Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, in the upper Colorado River were assessed to aid prioritization of non-native fish control efforts. Relative condition (Kn: mass at a given length) was monitored during spring, 1991–2013. Positive and significant relations were found between annual mean Kn and backwater densities of two common non-native, small-bodied, cyprinid species in downstream reaches of the 293 km study area. High mean Kn in spring followed years when fall densities of fathead minnow Pimephales promelas and red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis were high. No such relation was found with a third species, sand shiner Notropis stramineus. These three species have dominated zero-velocity habitats since their introduction in the 1960s. No relation was found between mean Kn prior to spawning and subsequent abundance of Colorado pikeminnow young-of-the-year (YOY) 3 months post spawning, suggesting mean Kn was not a driver of fall YOY abundance. Based on predatory interactions with larval native fishes documented in the literature, red shiners were deemed detrimental to Colorado pikeminnow despite their food value. Sand shiners appeared benign: non-predatory and less important as food. Fathead minnows, however, might be beneficial. They appear non-predatory on fish larvae while providing an important food source for various Colorado pikeminnow life stages. Managers need to weigh these benefits when considering control efforts.
Impact of growth conditions on the nitrogen, protein, colour and amino acid profiles of the cultured macroalga, Palmaria palmata
Authors: Idowu Anthony Temitope , Amigo-Benavent Miryam , Santos-Hernández Marta , Whelan Susan , Edwards Maeve D. , FitzGerald Richard J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe impact of growth conditions on the nitrogen, protein, colour and amino acid profiles of Palmaria palmata (from 2 locations) were investigated. Laboratory cultures of P. palmata were grown over a period of 18 days with and without nutrient addition, i.e., with culture medium (F/2) and urea (0.05 or 0.10 g L−1). The total nitrogen (TN) content of cultured P. palmata originating from longlines harvested from Cork increased with the addition of culture medium (F/2) and urea (0.05 g L−1) in comparison to the initial sample (4.15 ± 0.05 vs 1.73 ± 0.03%) while biomass from Galway increased with addition of culture medium (F/2) and urea (0.10 g L−1) in comparison to the initial sample (3.72 ± 0.05 vs 2.43 ± 0.06%). The protein nitrogen (PN) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) of cultured P. palmata originating from Galway also increased when grown with the addition of nutrients. Nutrient enrichment during growth influenced the colour characteristics (lightness L*, redness a*, yellowness b* and colour difference ΔE) and the electrophoretic protein profile. Correlations between TN and ΔE (r = 0.945) for Cork originated sample, PN and ΔE (r =-0.944) and NPN and ΔE (r = 0.734) for Galway originated sample were observed. In-gel digestion followed by UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated that RuBiSCo, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin expression in P. palmata was enhanced with nutrient addition. Amino acid profile and score analysis showed variation as a function of nutrient addition. Overall, nutrient inclusion in the growth medium provides a strategy for the enhanced production of high-quality protein by P. palmata.
Virtual Network Function Development for NG-PON Access Network Architecture
Authors: Araújo Igor , Brízido André , Rito Lima Solange 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModern networks urge agility, flexibility, and capacity to cope with the growing demand for media content and applications increasingly oriented toward data consumption. The Central Offices (CO) of telecommunication providers, being a vital aggregator of different access networks, such as optical and mobile, need to be prepared to deal with these demands. The Open Broadband-Broadband Access Abstraction (OB-BAA) architecture fits into the initiative to modernize the Information Technology (IT) components of broadband networks, more specifically the COs. This paper discusses the development of a Virtualized Network Function (VNF) in the context of network security to be integrated as a component of an OB-BAA architecture guided by the Software-Defined Network paradigm. More specifically, the authentication and authorization of network equipment within the IEEE 802.1X protocol are applied to Next Generation Passive Optical Networks. The VNF development is based on the Golang language combined with gRPC programmable interfaces for communication between the various elements of the OB-BAA architecture, and then the components were “containerized” and inserted in the Docker and Kubernetes virtualization frameworks of a multinational telecommunications operator. Finally, performance metrics such as computational resource usage (CPU, memory, and network I/O) and execution time of VNF processes were analyzed in usage tests with multiple supplicants and distinct operational modes, to attest to the most promising virtualization scenarios.
Making a dead woman pregnant? A critique of the thought experiment of Anna Smajdor
Authors: Kompanje Erwin J.O. , Epker Jelle L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a thought-provoking article – or how she herself named it, ‘a thought experiment’ – the philosopher-medical ethicist Anna Smajdor analyzed in this journal the idea of whole-body gestational donation (WBGD) in brain-dead female patients, as an alternative means of gestation for prospective women who cannot or prefer not to become pregnant themselves. We have serious legal, economical, medical and ethical concerns about this proposal. First, consent for eight months of ICU treatment can never be assumed to be derived from consent for post-mortem organ donation; these two are of an incomparable and entirely different medical and ethical order. Moreover, the brain-dead woman is very likely to be medically unfit for high-tech surrogacy and the brain-dead state poses a high risk for deficient embryo/fetal development. Second, from a scarcity perspective, occupying an ICU bed for eight months appears to be unjust. The costs for eight months of ICU treatment are far too high compared to the costs of surrogacy for a living, selected, and healthy woman. Neither insurance companies nor prospective parents will want to pay these exceptionally high costs for a dead woman if a living surrogate mother can be hired for a considerably lower amount. Third, there is an increased risk for harm of the child to be in WBGD. And finally, WBGD risks violating the brain-dead woman’s dignity and harming the interests of her loved ones. In short, there is simply no need for brain-dead women as surrogates.
First conjunct clitic doubling in Modern Greek: Evidence for Agree-based approaches to clitic doubling
Authors: Paparounas Lefteris , Salzmann Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigate the syntax of the hitherto understudied phenomenon of first conjunct clitic doubling, with reference to Modern Greek. We argue that it provides crucial evidence against movement-based approaches to clitic doubling, which would incorrectly rule out first conjunct clitic doubling as a violation of the Coordinate Structure Constraint. This argument against movement is complemented by evidence from binding, showing that doubled DPs consistently occupy their base positions. The Greek data instead favor an account based purely on feature transmission via Agree. We develop an Agree-based analysis of the Greek facts, and show that existing evidence for movement in Greek clitic doubling (Weak Crossover alleviation, suspension of intervention effects) can be insightfully reanalyzed. The alleviation of Weak Crossover effects receives a more straightforward account compared to movement-based approaches, in that it can be subsumed under the general mitigating effects of information structure (givenness, topicality); the intervention pattern follows once the activity of a DP is related to the involvement of its phi-features in Agree operations; and the distribution of clitic doubling is implemented by means of a licensing approach, assimilating clitic doubling to differential object marking. Finally, we address two morphological aspects of clitic doubling that are often taken to be challenging for an Agree-based account, namely, the syncretism between determiners and clitics, and tense invariance. We show that, upon closer inspection, the former is no less challenging for movement approaches, while the latter cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic to tease apart agreement and clitic doubling.
Trajectories of Latent Vulnerability and Distress: Identifying Social and Spatial Fringes of the Swedish Population
Authors: Andersson Eva K. , Borg Ida 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt can be argued that a society is never better than how Individuals on its social and spatial fringes are faring. This motivates the purpose of this paper, which is to study how vulnerable groups can be identified, defined and explored in a spatial perspective using latent class analysis (LCA) on the whole Swedish population. We use space to refine meanings of vulnerability in individuals and groups, by contextualizing their vulnerability. This knowledge is fundamental for creating equal living conditions and for promoting the social cohesion needed for socially sustainable societies. Thus, equality and spatial integration are basic ideas in welfare policy but in recent years, the idea of integration has met various challenges with new population groups, rural–urban polarization, and disadvantaged housing areas. Using register data, we here identified life course trajectories associated with vulnerability, applying LCA to the total Swedish population aged 25 to 59 years. We identified latent classes of life courses, and detected and explored some classes with more vulnerability than others. The spatial patterns of vulnerable individuals were analysed using individualized neighbourhoods including the proportion of closest neighbours belonging to a latent class. A second LCA of vulnerable individuals refined the findings into different types of distress; extra distressed life courses were found in the metropolitan areas in Million program areas in urban outskirts, and other distressed life courses were more often found in unattractive (low housing price) rural areas, rural fringes.
Design thinking-driven development of a modular X-Band antenna using multi-material 3D printing
Authors: Myllymäki S. , Hannila E. , Kokkonen M. , Jantunen H. , Fabritius T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents the development of a modular parasitic patch antenna using 3D printing and the Design Thinking (DT) methodology. The antenna structure, manufactured with insulating polycarbonate and conductive silver lines, incorporates a reflector, main antenna, and parasitic patch. The study demonstrates the successful application of DT and Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) principles in optimizing manufacturing efficiency and assembly effectiveness. Simulations and measurements confirm the satisfactory performance of the 3D printed antenna, with a minimum reflection coefficient of -15 dB, efficiency reaching up to 75%, and gain falling within the range of conventionally fabricated antennas. The integration of insulator and conductor materials in 3D printing facilitates the manufacturing of complex structures, while the modular design enables easy installation and customization. This research contributes to the advancement of 3D printing technology for microwave applications, offering cost-effective and efficient manufacturing solutions for industrial antenna production.
Decreased Local Specialization of Brain Structural Networks Associated with Cognitive Dysfuntion Revealed by Probabilistic Diffusion Tractography for Different Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burdens
Authors: Feng Mengmeng , Wen Hongwei , Xin Haotian , Wang Shengpei , Gao Yian , Sui Chaofan , Liang Changhu , Guo Lingfei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo reveal the network-level structural disruptions associated with cognitive dysfunctions in different cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burdens, we used probabilistic diffusion tractography and graph theory to investigate the brain network topology in 67 patients with a severe CSVD burden (CSVD-s), 133 patients with a mild CSVD burden (CSVD-m) and 89 healthy controls. We used one-way analysis of covariance to assess the altered topological measures between groups, and then evaluated their Pearson correlation with cognitive parameters. Both the CSVD and control groups showed efficient small-world organization in white matter (WM) networks. However, compared with CSVD-m patients and controls, CSVD-s patients exhibited significantly decreased local efficiency, with partially reorganized hub distributions. For regional topology, CSVD-s patients showed significantly decreased nodal efficiency in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, caudate nucleus, right opercular inferior frontal gyrus (IFGoperc), supplementary motor area (SMA), insula and left orbital superior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus. Intriguingly, global/local efficiency and nodal efficiency of the bilateral caudate nucleus, right IFGoperc, SMA and left angular gyrus showed significant correlations with cognitive parameters in the CSVD-s group, while only the left pallidum showed significant correlations with cognitive metrics in the CSVD-m group. In conclusion, the decreased local specialization of brain structural networks in patients with different CSVD burdens provides novel insights into understanding the brain structural alterations in relation to CSVD severity. Cognitive correlations with brain structural network efficiency suggest their potential use as neuroimaging biomarkers to assess the severity of CSVD.
Smooth norms in dense subspaces of $$\ell _p(\Gamma )$$ and operator ranges
Authors: Dantas Sheldon , Hájek Petr , Russo Tommaso 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

, we prove that the dense subspace $$\mathcal {Y}_p$$

Y
p

of $$\ell _p(\Gamma )$$

ℓ
p

(
Γ
)

comprising all elements y such that $$y \in \ell _q(\Gamma )$$

y
∈

ℓ
q

(
Γ
)

for some $$q \in (0,p)$$

q
∈
(
0
,
p
)

admits a $$C^{\infty }$$

C
∞

-smooth norm which locally depends on finitely many coordinates. Moreover, such a norm can be chosen as to approximate the $$\left\| \cdot \right\| _p$$

·

p

-norm. This provides examples of dense subspaces of $$\ell _p(\Gamma )$$

ℓ
p

(
Γ
)

with a smooth norm which have the maximal possible linear dimension and are not obtained as the linear span of a biorthogonal system. Moreover, when $$p>1$$

p
>
1

or $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is countable, such subspaces additionally contain dense operator ranges; on the other hand, no non-separable operator range in $$\ell _1(\Gamma )$$

ℓ
1

(
Γ
)

admits a $$C^1$$

C
1

-smooth norm.
“This is the System We Live in”: The Role of Social Assistance in Producing and Sustaining 2SLGBTQ+ Poverty in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Daley Andrea , Kia Hannah , Kinitz David , Schneckenburger Stella A. , Robinson Margaret , Reid Jenna , Mulé Nick J. , Kayn Faelix , Duncan Dejano , Ross Lori E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This article reports on qualitative research findings from the first study to examine 2SLGBTQ+ populations’ experiences with social assistance (SocA) in Ontario, the most populous province in Canada. Using a relational poverty and intersectional framework, the role of the SocA system in producing and sustaining 2SLGBTQ+ poverty is articulated by exploring 2SLGBTQ+ encounters with SocA and inter-related systems.

Methods
This qualitative study was informed by principles of community-based participatory research and theoretically driven thematic analysis. The study was carried out in partnership between academic researchers and three community organizations that support and advocate for 2SLGBTQ+ people and/or people living in poverty. Qualitative data were collected from February to June 2022.

Results
Key themes articulate how 2SLGBTQ+ encounters with the SocA system produce and sustain their poverty: (1) navigating a precarious and nebulous system; (2) encountering the construction of 2SLGBTQ+ identities as “irrelevant” in normative systems; and (3) intersecting systemic, interpersonal, and micro violences. Collectively, the themes focus on systemic factors that institutionalize poverty for 2SLGBTQ+ people.

Conclusions
Power relations in the SocA system and other related systems such as employment and housing intersect to produce and sustain 2SLGBTQ+ poverty. The production and sustenance of 2SLGBTQ+ poverty are dynamic and transactional, as restrictive and punitive neoliberal policies, dominant power hierarchies, and normative discursive violence within these systems fuse into material inequities and harmful spaces for diverse 2SLGBTQ+ people.

Policy Implications
Findings call for an intersectional and 2SLGBTQ+ affirming SocA system and inter-related systems that have the potential to mitigate 2SLGBTQ+ intersectional discrimination and related poverty producing and sustaining forces.
Water auditing and recycling as a tool for management of water resources: an Indian perspective
Authors: Neelofar Mir Rohi , Bhat Sami Ullah , Muslim Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater is limited and is unevenly distributed globally. India being home to approximately 18% of the global population accounts for only 4% of global renewable water resources, making it the world’s 13th most water-stressed country. The increase in human population coupled with accelerated economic activities and climate change has put enormous pressure on government and policymakers in India to find different innovative and smart ways to manage the demand–supply gap in the water sector. Despite having the largest water infrastructure in the world and concerns raised about increasing water crisis in national discourse at academic, policy and governance levels, the tangible outcome does not resonate adequately on the ground level. Identification of alternate tools, calibration and fine-tuning relevant policy and planning necessitate the need of implementing water auditing and water recycling to meet the ever-increasing water demand as far as the water footprint in India is concerned. Based on the principle of what gets measured gets managed, water auditing best caters to the water management needs and is yet to become a top priority to curb the water crisis. Public acceptance seems to be one of the major barriers in universalizing water recycling in India which is aggravated by the uneven and/or absence of a proper and adequate water governance approach and structure. This paper tries to highlight the major challenges water resources management is facing in India and aims to illustrate how well planned water auditing and water recycling as a tool can deliver in effective and rational utilization and distribution of water.