bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal image enhancement based on color dominance of image
Authors: C Priyadharsini , Raju Jagadeesh Kannan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective – Real-time fundus images captured to detect multiple diseases are prone to different quality issues like illumination, noise, etc., resulting in less visibility of anomalies. So, enhancing the retinal fundus images is essential for a better prediction rate of eye diseases.
Method - In this paper, we propose Lab color space-based enhancement techniques for retinal image enhancement. Existing research works don’t consider the relation between color spaces of the fundus image in selecting a specific channel to perform retinal image enhancement. Our unique contribution to this research work is utilizing the color dominance of an image in quantifying the distribution of information in the blue channel and performing enhancement in Lab space followed by a series of steps to optimize overall brightness and contrast.
Results - The test set of the Retinal Fundus Multi-disease Image Dataset is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed enhancement technique in identifying the presence or absence of retinal abnormality. The proposed technique achieved an accuracy of 89.53 percent.
Investigation of Malaria Outbreak and Its Associated Factors at Ziway Dugda Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: An unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Chala Tesfaye , Balcha Fufa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, the malaria epidemic continues to cause significant morbidity, accounting for the majority of outpatient visits. In Ethiopia, malaria transmission follows an unusual pattern, with large-scale epidemics occurring every 5–8 years. In Ethiopia, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In Ziway –Dugda, malaria is a major public health problem. The objective of this study was to look into the outbreak and determine the risk factors in the Ziway Dugda Woreda.
Method: A 1:1 case-to-control ratio was used in this unmatched case-control study. The calculated sample size for this study was 216 and a simple random sampling technique was used to select cases and controls. SPSS version 25 was used to manage and analyze data collected on a clinical basis, disease risk factors, and knowledge assessments on the mode of transmission and prevention methods.
Result: Of the total malaria cases (n=182), almost 100% of the cases were confirmed by RDT/ microscopy. In the district, the average attack rate was 28.9 per 1000 people. The most severely affected groups were those aged 5–14 years and females, with attack rates of 32.6 and 30.7 per 1000 inhabitants, respectively. The presence of an artificial water reservoir near the house [AOR =2.63, 95% CI 1.26, 5.49], staying outside at night [AOR =4.82, 95 % CI 2.33, 9.96], no knowledge of malaria transmission, prevention, and control [AOR =3.71, 95 % CI 1.78, 7.73], dense grass [AOR=3.86, 95% CI 1.40, 10.63], and the lack of a controlled environment [AOR =4.96, 95% CI 2.36, 10.41].
Conclusion: The malaria outbreak in Ziway Dugda mostly affected children aged 5 to 14. In multivariable logistic regression, lack of awareness about malaria transmission and control, the presence of stagnant water, staying outside at night, the presence of stagnant water, and poor environmental control were all significantly linked to the occurrence of the malaria outbreak. The community should be aware of malaria prevention and control measures.
Paediatric Abdominal Oncovascular Surgery: a Single-centre Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zanini Andrea , Harrison Derek , Connor Sean , Loveland Jerome 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE Oncovascular surgery is a term identifying vascular resection in the context of tumour resection which is still controversial in children. We present our experience and review of the literature.
METHODS A retrospective review of children who underwent abdominal oncovascular procedures in our Institution from 2018 to 2022 was conducted. Type of operation and post-operative outcome was described. Literature review on oncovascular surgery in children is presented.
RESULTS Seven cases were identified, mean age 8.25 years (9 months- 14 years): 2 bilateral paraganglioma, 2 Wilms tumour, 1 Pancreatoblastoma, 1 Solid Pseudopapillary Tumour of the Pancreas (SPN), and 1 Hepatoblastoma. Five procedures were performed on the Inferior Vena Cava: 3 patients underwent cavectomy with no reconstruction, one had a partial cavectomy with primary repair, and one had resection and reconstruction with a PTFE graft which complicated with leaking and infection. Two patients underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy with Portal Vein resection and primary anastomosis. Five patients were completely resected (R0), 2 patients had microscopically positive margins (R1). All patients were alive at last follow up.
CONCLUSION Vascular resection can allow complete tumour resection in locally advanced paediatric tumours. Oncovascular surgery in children is feasible and may be beneficial in selected cases.
An Improved Scene Text Detection approach by utilising a Dual Discriminator framework
Authors: Pattanaik Anmol Pattanaik Anmol , Balabantaray Rakesh Chandra Balabantaray Rakesh Chandra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Deep learning’s emergence and continued advancement have significantlychanged and redefined computer vision. Scene text identification andrecognition, a significant area of computer vision research, has unavoidablybeen impacted by this wave of innovation, and consequently hasentered the era of deep learning.It has a wide range of practical uses,from semantic natural scene analysis to navigation for those with visualimpairments. The complexity of the background, the image quality, thetext orientation, the text size, etc. present obstacles to experts in thefield of scene text analysis. Our proposed model provides a solution forscene text localization, detection, and refinement by integrating featurebasedand deep learning-based approaches. To obtain high quality andclear images, our model super-resolves images and deblurs them usingan Edge Attention Network (EAN). It is followed by a candidate regionproposal module that uses Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER)and Stroke Width Transform (SWT) to create text region suggestions.The detection result is then improved using a post-processing methodthat uses the idea of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Standarddatasets including ICDAR 2013, ICDAR 2015, and the Street View Text(SVT) have been used for experiments verification which concludes thatour proposed model consistently produces acceptable results.
A Comparative study in elective repair of large incisional hernias using on- lay mesh vs. sub-lay mesh- A Meta-analysis
Authors: Awad Philobater , Hassan Basma Hussein Abdelaziz , Kamel Kirollos Adel Louiz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Ventral abdominal wall incisional hernia is defined as a defect in the musculo-fascial layers of the abdominal wall in the region of postoperative scar. There is a slight increase in the incidence of incisional hernia in the female gender. The higher percentage of incisional hernia in females might be due to laxity of abdominal wall muscles after multiple pregnancies and also increased incidence of obesity in females.
Objective: To assess incisional hernia repair using two different techniques: on-lay mesh and sub-lay mesh, as regards operative time, postoperative recurrence, wound infection, seroma, hematoma and flap necrosis.
Patients and Methods: The Pubmed, web of science and Scopus were searched on 15 March, 2022. The keywords incisional hernia, sub-lay mesh on-lay mesh, retromuscular mesh, polypropylene.
Results and Conclusion: According to our results, there is a statistical difference between onlay and sublay regarding intra-operative time as sublay mesh is more time consuming. Regarding post-operative complications there is no statistical difference in recurrence, seroma, hematoma, flap necrosis and infection but there is a statistical difference regarding in hospital stay as patients with sublay repair stays less than onlay.
On the continuous mechanics first- and second-order formulations for non-equilibrium nucleation: Derivation and applications
Authors: Ferreira I. L. , Moreira A. L. S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nucleation and growth are phenomena that can be applied to several fields of science and technology. On the other hand, nucleation depends on the cooling rate, dislocating the equilibrium, as surface energy depends on the created and deformed surface area. The crystalline/glassy transition limit dependence on the thermal gradient is also analyzed. In this paper, under the continuum mechanics, first- and second-order non-equilibrium nucleation formulation models are derived, and a phase-change moving interface is considering the thermal field. Nucleation important variables will be plotted against the cooling rate for several nucleation angles. It will be coupled with a theoretical model for the molar-specific heat capacity of solids to analyze its dependence on nucleation kinetics.
Synergistic Soil-less Medium for Enhanced Yield of Crops: A step towards incorporating genomic tools for attaining Net Zero hunger
Authors: Thakur Nitika , Nigam Mohit , Shah Anis Ali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Globally, industrial farming endangers crucial ecological mechanisms upon which food production relies, while 815 million people are undernourished and a significant number are malnourished. Zero Hunger aims to concurrently solve global ecological sustainability and food security concerns. Recent breakthroughs in molecular tools and approaches have allowed scientists to detect and comprehend the nature and structure of agro-biodiversity at the molecular and genetic levels, providing us an advantage over traditional methods of crop breeding. These bioinformatics techniques let us optimize our target plants for our soil-less medium and vice versa. Most of the soil-borne and seed-borne diseases are the outcome of non-treated seed and growth media, which are important factors in low productivity. The farmers do not take these issues into account, thereby facing problems growing healthy crops and suffering economic losses. This study is going to help the farmers increase their eco-friendly, chemical residue-free, quality yield of crops and their economic returns. The present invention discloses a synergistic soil-less medium that consists of only four ingredients mixed in optimal ratios by weight: vermicompost (70–80%), vermiculite (10–15%), coco peat (10–15%), and Rhizobium (0–1%). The medium exhibits better physical and chemical characteristics than existing conventional media. The vermiculite to coco peat ratio is reduced, while the vermicompost ratio is increased, with the goals of lowering toxicity, increasing plant and water holding capacity, avoiding drying of the media, and conserving water. The medium provides balanced nutrition and proper ventilation for seed germination and the growth of seedlings. Rhizobium is also used to treat the plastic bags and seeds. The results clearly show that the current synergistic soil-less environment is best for complete plant growth. Securing genetic advantages via sexual recombination, induced random mutations, and transgenic techniques has been essential for the development of improved agricultural varieties. The recent availability of targeted genome-editing technology provides a new path for integrating beneficial genetic modifications into the most significant agricultural species on the planet. CRISPR/Cas9 has evolved into a potent genome-editing tool for imparting genetic modifications to crop species. In addition, the integration of analytical methods like population genomics, phylogenomics, metagenomics, etc., addresses conservation problems, while whole-genome sequencing has opened up a new dimension for explaining the genome architecture and its interactions with other species.
Post-COVID-19 rhinocerebral mucormycosis, a life-threatening event in the background of immunosuppressive condition: A case report
Authors: Tajik Fatemeh , Chegini Reihane 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
In patients suffering from COVID-19, immunocompromised conditions or immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids may predispose them to early or delayed invasive fungal infections that invade cerebral components. This study, for the first time, describes a case of COVID-19 disease diagnosed with rhinocerebral mucormycosis through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.
Case presentation:
A 32-year-old woman with a history of referral and hospitalization due to COVID-19 about a month ago was being treated with immunosuppressive drugs, manifested by lower extremity plegia. In the imaging assessment, intracranial hemorrhage (thalamus zone) and mass like lesion were revealed. In cytological assessment, acute inflammations associated with fungal infection in accordance with the diagnosis of mucormycosis were definitively confirmed. Despite antifungal medication, consciousness declined one week later, and the patient developed thromboembolism and died.
Conclusion
In patients with a COVID-19 background of immunosuppressive therapy or clinical situations related to immunosuppression such as uncontrolled diabetes, rhinocerebral mucormycosis will always be an ambush. Therefore, screening and prevention measures should be considered.
Assessment of Red Cell Distribution Width among Sudanese Patients with Hypothyroidism
Authors: Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Mubarak Mowahib Omar , Talha Albadawi Abdebagi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction has a strong linkage with anemia. RDW was traditionally regarded as a part of routine evaluation of anemia Elevated RDW level was significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Objectives: The aim of this is study to assess the Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW-CV and RDW-SD) in patients with hypothyroidism.
Methodology: This is a case-control laboratory-based study conducted among 50 patients with hypothyroidism as cases (38.50 ± 10.46 years; 36% males and 64% females) and 50 normal healthy individuals as controls (35.52 ± 11.64 years; 46% males and 54% females) in National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Gezira State, Sudan from January to October 2020. Three ml of venous blood sample was collected in an EDTA container. Red cell parameters (RBC count, MCV, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD) were measured using Sysmex XP 300 Cell Counter. SPSS computer program (v 22.0) was used for data analysis.
Results: The average RDW (SD and CV) of cases were higher than controls (P value = 0.000, 0.000 respectively). There was a significant difference in RDW-CV between mild and severe hypothyroidism (P value = 0.040). RDW-SD and RDW-CV had significant positive correlation within TSH (r = 0.361, P value = 0.000; r = 0.407, P value = 0.000 respectively) and significant negative correlation within T3 (r = - 0.419, P value = 0.000; r = - 0.507, P value = 0.000 respectively) and T4 (r = - 0.406, P value = 0.000; r = - 0.506, P value = 0.000 respectively).
Conclusion: The study concluded that RDW was significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism and had a significant positive correlation with TSH and a significant negative correlation within T3 and T4. So, RDW may be used as a significant clinical marker of hypothyroidism.
Optimizing the Pre-Stack Least-Squares Reverse-Time Migration Methods: Applications of the Pseudodepth Domain Wavefield Extrapolator
Authors: Hussein  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The framework of LSRTM consists of two steps; the first one is generating the Reverse-Time Migration reflectivity image, applying the Least-Squares Migration scheme on that image and update it iteratively, however, the convergence of both operations consumes a lot of time and memory amount and moreover generates oversampling when simulating the RTM data in deeper zones. Anisotropic media yields as the velocity increase with depth which distorts the Reverse-Time Migration results significantly. This problem, in addition, can be overcome also by applying the Least-squares reverse-time migration in pseudodepth domain by projecting the migration velocity and depicting a weighted and proper wavefield extrapolator. For every point in the Cartesian space (x,y,z) there is a corresponding vertical-time-point with the coordinates (, ,) 1 2 3    hence we can interpolate the reconstructed source wavefield by drawing a Cartesian-to-Pseudodepth mapping function. Extrapolation of Least-Squares Reverse-Time Migration reconstructed wavefield transformed into Pseudodepth domain treats the aliasing of seismic signals by making even sampling and allows original amplitude to be recovered in the final migrated image. At a reduced cost, the Finite-Difference Pseudodepth wavefield extrapolator acts on the Born modelled seismic data, producing accurately similar results to the classical one, yet some amplitude differences are appeared due to various implementation issues and oversampling effect in the latter. The advanced optimizations offered by the pseudodepth domain LSRTM are 1) decreasing number of vertical samples and 2) minimizing the allocated memory. J. Claerbout principle of underground reflectors' position has been achieved in synthetic examples and its application is extended to the 2D field data by optimizing the number of vertical samples and the occupied memory to extract the pre-stack LSRTM migrated images.
Comparison of ozone sonde measurements in the upper troposphere and lower Stratosphere at Nainital, India during StratoClim with renalysis and chemistry-climate model data
Authors: Fadnavis Suvarna S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe variability and trend of ozone (O3) in the Upper troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) over the Asian region needs to be accurately quantified. A major challenge for understanding ozone chemistry is sparse observations in the region and thus the representation of precursor gases in model emission inventories. Here, we evaluate ozonesonde measurements during August 2016 at Nainital, in the Himalayas, against ozone from multiple reanalyses and the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model. We find that compared to measurements both reanalyses and ECHAM6-HAMMOZ control simulation overestimate ozone mixing ratios in the troposphere (20 ppb) and in the UTLS (55 ppb). We performed sensitivity simulations using the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model for a 50% reduction in the emission of (1) NOx and (2) VOCs. The model simulations with NOXreduction agree better with the ozonesonde observations in the lower troposphere and in the UTLS. Thus, neither reanalysis nor ECHAM6-HAMMOZ can reproduce observed O3over the South Asian region. For a better representation of O3in the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model, NOXemission should be reduced by 50% in the emission inventory. A larger number of observations over the South Asian region would improve the assessment of ozone chemistry in models.
Complex mathematical statements useful as criterion for Landau-Siegel Zeros
Authors: louiz akram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

This is a mathematical article that deals with the domain of complex numbers in order to contribute in the worldwide collaboration of mathematicians who want to study and explain the Riemann's Zeta Function.
The aim of this work is to propose new mathematical statements of complex numbers and to give a new easy criterion that may help to identify or deny the possible Landau-Siegel Zeros.Furthermore, this work invites the mathematicians to study a new possible useful homomorphism.
Hence, this is a good article to be read by specialists of Analysis or Algebra and even by the beginners of mathematics who want to improve their skills.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA SURAT PPKM DAN PENANGANAN COVID-19 KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Sholikhah Maratus , Navisa Erva Neilan , Angraini Natarina Novia 
Published: January 2023

This study examines language errors in the circular letter for micro-based PPKM extension and optimizes the Covid-19 handling post at the village/sub-district level in Sukoharjo district . The data collection process was carried out by using descriptive analytical methods. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of language errors in writing circular letters. The result of this analysis can be concluded that there were language errors in writing of the circular letter. In the circular, there are 4 errors, namely 1) syntax errors, 2) semantic errors, 3) diction errors, and 4) spelling errors. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the tendency for language errors is in the spelling field. Language errors in this research are predominantly language errors at the level of spelling of the writing in this circular.
GAZİANTEP İLİ AĞIZLARINDA ÜNLÜ YUVARLAKLAŞMASI
Authors: ÜSTÜNER Ahat , SOYYİGİT Emine 
Published: January 2023

Türk dilinde sözcük kök veya gövdelerinin eklerle birleşmesi, ses uyumları doğrultusunda gerçekleşmektedir. Bir sözcükte yer alan ünlü ya da ünsüz sesler, aynı sözcükte bulunan diğer sesler üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Türkiye Türkçesi yazı dilinde bazı istisnalar olsa da ses uyumları daha belirginken, ağızlarda bu durum değişmektedir. Bazı ses olaylarından dolayı ağızlarda standart dilin kuralları dışında kalan özelliklerle karşılaşmaktayız. Bu özellikler, bazen Türk dilinin eski bir döneminin ses özelliklerinin kalıntısı da olabilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada Gaziantep ağzında belli bir bölgede görülen ünlü yuvarlaklaşması ve bu yuvarlaklaşmaların sebepleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Gaziantep, coğrafi ve tarihî konumu dolayısıyla Türk dili ve kültürü içinde bazı farklılıklar taşıyan ve önem arz eden bir ilimizdir. Türklerin bölgede yerleşmeye başlamasıyla birlikte Gaziantep ağzının özellikleri oluşmaya başlamıştır. Tarihî bilgilere göre Gaziantep’e Oğuz boyunun en az on sekizi yerleşmiştir. Bu durum, Gaziantep’in söyleyiş özelliklerine de yansımıştır. Bu tarihî derinlik ve coğrafi özellikleri dolayısıyla Gaziantep ağzı ses ve şekil bakımından farklı bir zenginlik kazanmıştır.
Assessing the likelihood of drought impact occurrence with extreme gradient boosting: a case study on the public water supply in South Korea
Authors: Seo Jungho , Kim Yeonjoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrought is quantified with one or a set of drought indices for monitoring and risk management. These indices have a limited ability to capture drought impacts. Drought impact prediction models have been developed to explore the interactions between the drought impact data and the physical drought indices. This study demonstrates the use of extreme gradient boosting (XGB), a well-known machine learning technique, to predict the likelihood of impact occurrence (LIO) of drought on public water supply as a function of drought indices, with high accuracy and low uncertainty. Using text-based drought impact data from multiple sources, the prediction accuracy of drought LIO on the public water supply of South Korea was evaluated using XGB and reference models (log-logistic, support vector machine, and random forest). We also analyzed receiver operating characteristics and quantified the uncertainty of each model with bootstrapping. This study shows that XGB and random forest have a high level of suitability. However, random forest presents a higher level of uncertainty than XGB for predicting drought LIO on the public water supply in South Korea. Although some limitations exist, the results suggest that text-based drought impact data collected from multiple sources can provide insightful information for drought risk management.