bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale simulations of the mechanical behaviors of the W-Cu joint interface with a diffusion layer
Authors: Chen Xin , Xie Yinan , Huang Yuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
At the interface of W-Cu after direct jointing, diffusion layers with a thickness of approximately 22 nm are present but often overlooked in simulations of mechanical properties. This study establish an interface model with a W-Cu diffusion layer using molecular dynamics (MD). The influence of the diffusion layer on the elastic-plastic behaviors, dissipation mechanisms and fracture properties of the interface is analyzed under mode-I (perpendicular to the interface) and mode-II (parallel to the interface). The results demonstrate that the interface model with a diffusion layer exhibits superior mechanical properties under mode-I and mode-II loading when compared to the model without a diffusion layer. Furthermore, a multi-scale method based on the classical Paris law is then proposed, which combines molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element methods to investigate the fatigue crack propagation of W-Cu bimetallic composites under cyclic loading and predict their fatigue life. The findings of this study are meaningful for improving the mechanical properties of W-Cu interface materials, predicting the material's lifespan, and guiding related engineering applications.
Fronto-striato-thalamic circuit connectivity and neuromelanin in schizophrenia: an fMRI and neuromelanin-MRI study
Authors: Kwon Jun Soo , Choi Sunah , Kim Minah , Kim Taekwan , Choi Eun-Jung , Lee Jungha , Moon Sun Young , Cho Sang Soo , Lee Jongho 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Changes in dopamine and fronto-striato-thalamic (FST) circuit functional connectivity are prominent in schizophrenia. Dopamine is thought to underlie connectivity changes, but experimental evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Previous studies examined the association in some of the connections using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI); however, PET has disadvantages in scanning patients, such as invasiveness. Excessive dopamine induces neuromelanin (NM) accumulation, and NM-MRI is suggested as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function. We aimed to investigate the association between NM and FST circuit connectivity at the network level in patients with schizophrenia. We analysed substantia nigra NM-MRI and resting-state fMRI data from 29 schizophrenia patients and 63 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We identified the FST subnetwork with abnormal connectivity found in schizophrenia patients compared to that of HCs and investigated the relationship between constituting connectivity and NM. We found higher levels of NM (t = -2.12, p = 0.037) and a hypoconnected FST subnetwork (FWER-corrected p = 0.014) in schizophrenia patients than in HCs. In the hypoconnected subnetwork of schizophrenia patients, lower left supplementary motor area-left caudate connectivity was associated with higher NM levels (β = -0.38, p = 0.042). We demonstrated the association between NM and FST circuit connectivity. Considering that the NM-MRI signal reflects dopamine activity, our results suggest that dopamine underlies changes in FST circuit connectivity, which supports the dopamine hypothesis. In addition, this study reveals implications for the future use of NM-MRI in investigations of the dopamine system.
The predicting model of grinding force and surface integrity analysis of Ti-4822 alloy formed by laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Xu Dingkun , Xin Bo , Wang Xiaoqi , Ren Jiangyu , Gong Yadong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ti-4822 TiAl alloy is a typical intermetallic compound with great potential applications in aeronautics and astronautics, such as high-pressure compressors and low-pressure turbine blades of aero-engines. The laser directed energy deposition (DED) and grinding technologies are the effective methods for forming and finish machining the Ti-4822 parts with geometries. However, the DED Ti-4822 is a typical hard-brittle and difficult machining material with poor thermal conductivity and rough surface, leading to a poor grinding surface integrity. Therefore, in order to investigate the grinding performance of DED Ti-4822, a new prediction model of grinding force was proposed with combination of single grain grinding and dynamic active grains grinding simulation in this paper. The influence of grinding parameters and grinding wheels on grinding force, grinding force ratio, surface morphology of specimens, grinding wheels and debris, and microhardness of DED Ti-4822 and similar superalloys was analyzed by the single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that low feed speed, small grinding depth and high grinding speed are beneficial to reduce grinding force and surface roughness (0.19-0.51). Compared with CBN wheel, the diamond wheel is more appropriate for processing DED Ti-4822 because of smoother grinding surface with less defects and lower wheel wear. In terms of microhardness, significant surface hardening will be generated by grinding DED Ti-4822. The maximum hardness can reach 776.6 HV and the mean depth of grinding hardened layer is about 20μm.
Efficacy of Simultaneous Bilateral Surgery Using Oblique Overriding Position in the Treatment of Bilateral Kidney Stones
Authors: Yang Ranxing , Liu Meng , Chen Rong , Li Wang , Lin Yanduo , Guo Hui , Wang Ying , Fu Qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral surgery in the oblique overriding position versus staging surgery in the treatment of bilateral renal calculi.
METHODS: A total of 46 patients with bilateral renal stones from May 2019 to January 2022 in our center were retrospectively analyzed, including 29 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 48±13.6 years, body mass index of 24.6±2.3 kg/m2, and uneven size of bilateral renal stones, with a mean diameter of 29.5±9.1 mm on the larger side of the kidney stones (PCNL) , and a mean diameter of 13.1±3.2 mm on the smaller side of the kidney stones ( The patients were divided into two groups for simultaneous and stepwise bilateral endoscopic surgery, and the operative time, anesthesia time, postoperative hemoglobin, blood creatinine, postoperative VAS pain score, Clavien complication rating, average hospital stay, and stone removal rate at one month after surgery were evaluated in both groups.
RESULTS: The simultaneous group outperformed in anesthesia time, operative time, VAS score, and mean number of days in hospital, and there were no statistical differences between the two groups in hemoglobin drop values, hematocrit elevation values, Clavien complication ratings, and stone clearance rate at one month postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Both simultaneous surgery and staging surgery were safe and effective. Simultaneous surgery can effectively shorten the operation and anesthesia time, and reduce the postoperative pain and hospital days of patients while ensuring similar stone clearance rates.
Surgical Treatment Effect of Distal Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study on Comparison of Lateral and Posterior Plating techniques
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guo Tao , Yao Xiaoke , Yao Qi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: The purposes of this study were to prospectively compare the clinical outcomes of distal humeral shaft fractures treated by lateral plating technique and posterior plating technique.
Material and methods: From Jan 2017 to Aug 2019, fifty-one patients with distal humeral shaft fractures treated by lateral or posterior plating technique were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: the lateral plating group (group I, 28 patients) and the posterior plating group (group II, 23 patients). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, gender, injured arms, injury mechanism, AO/ASIF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation ) classiﬁcation and duration from injury to surgery (P > 0.05). Operation time, perioperative bleeding volume, hospitalization, complication rate were analyzed. Elbow function was assessed by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and range of ﬂexion and extension motion (ROM) was at last follow-up.
Results: The mean duration of follow-up in group I was 14.25±1.818 months (range, 12–20 months), and was 15.26±2.717 months (range, 12–22 months) in group II. There was no signiﬁcant difference in these items , including operation time, perioperative bleeding volume, AO/ASIF classiﬁcation and hospitalization between the two groups (P > 0.05). Radiological and clinical evidence of bone healingwas seen in all patients. In group I, the mean union time was 13.00±0.41weeks (from10 to16weeks), the mean elbow ROM was 136.96/5.25° (range, 130-140° and 0-9°, respectively). In group II, the mean union time was 13.30±0.43 weeks (from10 to16 weeks), the mean elbow ROM was 138.52 /4.83° (range, 130-146° and 0-9°, respectively). The mean MEPS of lateral plating was 86.61±1.82 (from70 to100 points) and that of posterior plating was 85.87±1.88 (form70 to100points). No significant differences were found in union time, elbow ROM and MEPS between the two groups (P>0.05). The overall complication rate in group II was found to be higher than group I (P=0.014).
Conclusions: Our results presented that both lateral and posterior plating techniques for distal humeral shaft fractures achieved satisﬁed treatment results; and lateral plating treatment with a lower complication rate .
Long-term effects of restriction of intravenous fluid in adult ICU patients with septic shock
Authors: Kjær Maj-Brit Nørregaard , Meyhoff Tine Sylvest , Sivapalan Praleene , Granholm Anders , Hjortrup Peter Buhl , Madsen Martin Bruun , Møller Morten Hylander , Egerod Ingrid , Wetterslev Jørn , Lange Theis , Cronhjort Maria , Laake Jon Henrik , Jakob Stephan M. , Nalos Marek , Ostermann Marlies , Gould Doug , Cecconi Maurizio , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Ahlstedt Christian , Kiel Louise Bendix , Bestle Morten H , Nebrich Lars , Hildebrandt Thomas , Russell Lene , Vang Marianne , Lindhart Michael , Søllling Christoffer , Brøchner Anne Craveiro , Krag Mette , Pfortmueller Carmen , Kriz Miroslav , Siegemund Martin , Albano Giovanni , Aagaard Søren Rosborg , Bundgaard Helle , Crone Vera , Wichmann Sine , Johnstad Bror , Martin Yvonne Karin , Seidel Philipp , Mårtensson Johan , Hollenberg Jacob , Witstrand Mats , Donati Abele , Barbara Enrico , Karvunidis Thomas , Hollinger Alexa , Carsetti Andrea , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Joelsson-Alm Eva , Lambiris Nikolas , Aslam Tayyba Naz , Friberg Fredrik Femtehjell , Vesterlund Gitte Kingo , Mortensen Camilla Bekker , Vestergaard Stine Rom , Caspersen Sidsel Fjordbak , Jensen Diana Bertelsen , Brorup Morten , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Perner Anders 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess long-term outcomes of restrictive versus standard intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock included in the European Conservative versus Liberal Approach to Fluid Therapy in Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC trial).
Methods
We conducted the pre-planned analyses of mortality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol (EQ)-5D-5L index values and EQ visual analogue scale (VAS), and cognitive function using Mini Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Mini MoCA) test at 1-year. Deceased patients were assigned numerical zero for HRQoL as a state equal to death and zero for cognitive function outcomes as worst possible score, and we used multiple imputation for missing data on HRQoL and cognitive function.
Results
Among 1554 randomised patients, we obtained 1-year data on mortality in 97.9% of patients, HRQoL in 91.3%, and cognitive function in 86.3%. One-year mortality was 385/746 (51.3%) in the restrictive-fluid group versus 383/767 (49.9%) in the standard-fluid group, absolute risk difference 1.5%-points (99% confidence interval (CI) -4.8 to 7.8). Mean differences were 0.00 (99% CI -0.06 to 0.05) for EQ-5D-5L index values, -0.65 for EQ VAS (-5.40 to 4.08), and − 0.14 for Mini MoCA (-1.59 to 1.14) for the restrictive-fluid group versus the standard-fluid group. The results for survivors only were similar in both groups.
Conclusions
Among adult ICU patients with septic shock, restrictive versus standard IV fluid therapy resulted in similar survival, HRQoL and cognitive function at one year, but clinically important differences could not be ruled out.
Dietary Practice and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care, Akaki Kality Sub City Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2022
Authors: Koster Yohannes , Niguse Biruk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Poor dietary intake key macro nutrient and micro nutrient adversely affect pregnancy out come and neonatal health maternal under nutrition in low and middle income countries is under lying cause of more than 3.5milion death and disabilities maternal malnutrition during pregnancy increase the risk of gestational anemia hypertension miscarriage and fetal death during pregnancy. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intake these may be due to their poor dietary habits.
Objective: To assess dietary practice and associated factors among pregnancy mother attending antenatal care Akaki Kality sub city Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods: Institutional -based cross-sectional study was conducted on 436 randomly selected pregnancy mother attending antenatal care in Akaki Kality sub city district from july, 1-30,2022. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. The data were entered into Epi data version 07 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentage, mean, and/or median will be done. Bivariable logistic regression were used to identify candidate variables that have an association with the outcome variable. To identify variables that have a statistically significant association with the outcome variable multivariate logistic regression was done. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.
Result: Four hundred twenty-eight study participants were included in this study with a response rate of 98.2%. The mean ages of the respondents were 27.96 years (SD ± 5.3). Majority of study participants 407(95.1%) had married marital status. Age of the mothers (AOR =3.22(95%CI: 1.08, 7.54)) , educational status of the mother (AOR =2.11(95%CI: 1.14, 11.73)) 5) and knowledge of the mother (AOR =2.28(95%CI: 1.09, 6.72))) were significantly associated with dietary practice of the mothers
Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that 49.3 % of pregnant mothers had good dietary practice and 50.7% of pregnant mothers had poor dietary practice. Age of the mothers, educational status of the mother and knowledge of mothers were significantly associated with dietary practice of the mothers at p-value less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.
Association between Racial Residential Segregation and COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Neupane Suresh Nath , Ruel Erin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of racial residential segregation on COVID-19 mortality during the first year of the U.S. epidemic. Data comes from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation health rankings project. The observation includes a record of 8,670,781 individuals in 1,488 counties. We modeled COVID-19 deaths using hierarchical logistic regression models as a function of individual and county-level predictors. Results showed that as racial residential segregation increased, mortality rates increased, however, this varied by individual-level race. Controlling for segregation, Blacks and Asians had a greater risk of mortality while Hispanics and other racial groups had a lower risk com mortality compared to Whites. The impact of racial residential segregation on COVID-19 mortality did not vary by racial group.
The Residual Cancer Burden index as a valid prognostic indicator in breast cancer after Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhao Wei , Liu Cuicui , Gao Yongsheng , Chen Dawei , Wu Meng , Li Chao , Wang Xinzhao , Song Xiang , Liu Zhaoyun , Yu Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose The residual cancer burden index (RCB) was proposed as a response evaluation criterion in breast cancer patients treated with Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study evaluated the relevance of RCB with replase-free survival (RFS).
MethodsThe clinical data of 254 breast cancer patients who received NAC between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. The relationship between clinicopathologic factors and RFS was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RFS estimates were determined by Kaplan-Meier(K-M) analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with RCB 0.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed the potential of the RCB and MP grading systems as biomarkers for RFS.
Results At a median follow-up of 26 months, 42 patients(16.5%) developed relapse. Multivariate Cox regression showed that older age (P=0.007), high Ki-67 expression (P=0.015) and a high RCB score(P=0.001) were risk factors for relapse. The outcomes of the multivariate logistic analysis indicated that RCB 0 (pathologic complete response [pCR]) was associated with HER-2-positive patients (P=0.002) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (P=0.009).In addition, the RCB and MP scoring systems served as prognostic markers for patients who received NAC, and their areas under the curve (AUCs) were 0.711 and 0.682, respectively.
Conclusion These data suggest that RCB can be equally applied to predict RFS in Chinese patients with NAC, which may guide the selection of treatment strategies.
Velocity and dissipation characteristics of turbulence in solar flare plasma: An application of stochastic Lagrangian models
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Choudhary R. K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The turbulence is one of the products of the magnetic reconnection process in the solar flare plasma. It intensely shifts the dynamics of the magnetic reconnection process and rapidly transfer energy that facilitates plasma heating by over 10 MK and particle energization. In this study, using results of Monte Carlo experiment through Euler-Maruyama approximation of stochastic Lagrangian models for inhomogeneous hydrodynamic turbulence, we present the velocity and dissipation (relaxation rate) characteristics of stochastic motions of particles (particles obeying Gaussian distribution) in the turbulence of the solar flare plasma. Monte Carlo experiment was performed for the turbulent kinetic energy of 10 30 erg, at a time scale of 10 sec and length scale of the order of full loop half-length 10 10 cm of the solar flare. The results of the velocity and dissipation (relaxation rate) are presented and analysed in both one and two dimensions. We observed that the positive value of relaxation rate of (1 − 8) × 10 −4 sec −1 for ≈ 5 sec of dispersion time could lead to the energy transfer and dissipation of the energy in the turbulence of the solar flare. The Monte Carlo mean relaxation rate of 4.5 × 10 −4 sec −1 shows that it dissipates ≈ 4.5 × 10 27 erg energy into thermal energy in 10 seconds, which is equal to the ≈ 0.5 % of the total injected kinetic energy. Velocities of the stochastic particles in the turbulence show the randomly fluctuations which are unsteadily dispersive in nature. The range and mean values of particles velocities are ∼ (0.5 − 3) × 10 6 cm sec −1 and 1.5 × 10 6 cm sec −1 respectively which indicate low atmospheric turbulence (chromosphere) in the solar flare. The turbulence onset at the loop top of the flare corona and propagate to lower chromosphere atmosphere of the flare. The obtained results are in the agreement with the observations. Our analysis thus demonstrates that the turbulence in the solar flare dissipate ≈ 0.5% of the injected energy into thermal energy. The rest of energy goes for the non-thermal particle energizing (particle acceleration).
Treatment response assessment of glioma tumors using deep learning based on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Papi Zahra , Fathi Sina , Dalvand Fatemeh , Vali Mahsa , Yousefi Ali , Tabatabaei Mohammad Hemmatyar , Amouheidari Alireza , Abedi Iraj 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm in adults. Radiotherapy is a treatment approach in glioma patients, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a beneficial diagnostic tool in treatment planning. Treatment response assessment in glioma patients is usually based on the Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (RANO) criteria. The limitation of assessment based on RANO is two-dimensional (2D) manual measurements. Deep learning (DL) has great potential in neuro-oncology to improve the accuracy of response assessment.
Method: In the current research, firstly, the BraTS 2018 Challenge dataset included 210 HGG and 75 LGG were applied to train a designed U-Net network for automatic tumor and intra-tumoral segmentation, followed by training of the designed classifier with transfer learning for determining grading HGG and LGG. Then, designed networks were employed for the segmentation and classification of local MRI images of 49 glioma patients pre and post-radiotherapy. The results of tumor segmentation and its intra-tumoral regions were utilized to determine the volume of different regions and treatment response assessment.
Results: Treatment response assessment demonstrated that radiotherapy is effective on the whole tumor and enhancing region with p-value ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence level, while it did not affect necrosis and peri-tumoral edema regions.
Conclusion: This work demonstrated the potential of using deep learning in MRI images to provide a beneficial tool in the automated treatment response assessment so that the patient can obtain the best treatment.
A Refinement of the Gravity Model for Competitive Facility Location
Authors: Zerom Dawit , Drezner Zvi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Most competitive location models assume that as the distance increases, the patronage of a facility declines at the same rate regardless of the facility attractiveness. We observed that the rate at which patronage declines is slower for more attractive facilities. Customers are willing to drive long distances to patronize an attractive facility. Less attractive facilities hardly attract customers from long distances. We propose to modify the effect of attractiveness on the appeal of the facility to customers. Many methods for estimating the market share captured by a facility can be modified to incorporate such property. We implemented the new modification on the gravity model and tested it on a real data set of shopping malls in Orange County, California. The approach was statistically validated which means that the estimate of the captured market share is more accurate by the proposed model. Once the estimate of the market share is more accurate, the best location for a new facility is also more accurate.