bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation Into the Potential Value of Stratospheric Balloon Winds Assimilated in NOAA's Finite‐Volume Cubed‐Sphere Global Forecast System (FV3GFS)
Authors: Lukens Katherine E. , Ide Kayo , Garrett Kevin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNear‐space balloon networks have the potential to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP) through data assimilation (DA) by providing in situ observations in an otherwise data‐sparse stratosphere. This study investigates the prospective value of stratospheric balloon winds to NOAA NWP by examining Loon data quality and conducting a 2‐month observing system experiment (OSE) using NOAA's Finite‐Volume Cubed‐Sphere Global Forecast System. During the study period (December 2018–January 2019), Loon winds show good correspondence to collocated rawinsonde (RAOBS) winds, while a considerable difference in tropical stratospheric winds is observed between NOAA and ECMWF operational analyses. The OSE, one run with Loon winds assimilated and another without, suggests that additional stratospheric wind observations can improve NWP. Loon wind assimilation acts to decelerate the strong tropical easterly stratospheric jet west of where Loon winds are observed while accelerating less intense subtropical easterly motions. Differences in observation‐minus‐background statistics between the two runs reveal that the backgrounds for Loon winds and RAOBS winds and temperatures improve when Loon winds are assimilated. This positively impacts short‐term forecasts of the lower stratospheric circulation during the study period. Additionally, Loon wind assimilation improves the tropical stratospheric response to the 2019 New Year sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event by significantly reducing the short‐term forecast error following the SSW. The findings emphasize the value of stratospheric winds toward improving global NWP, and imply the importance of including near‐space observing systems in the Earth‐observing architecture.
SF3B4 promotes Twist1 expression and clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by facilitating the export of KLF 16 mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Authors: Yang Zhan , Wang Ya-Xuan , Wen Jin-Kun , Gao Hai-Tao , Han Zhen-Wei , Qi Jin-Chun , Gu Jun-Fei , Zhao Chen-Ming , Zhang Hong , Shi Bei , Wang Dan-Dan , Wang Xiao-Lu , Qu Chang-Bao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSplicing factor 3B subunit 4 (SF3B4) plays important functional roles not only in pre-mRNA splicing, but also in the regulation of transcription, translation, and cell signaling, and its dysregulation contributes to various diseases including Nager syndrome and tumorigenesis. However, the role of SF3B4 and underlying mechanisms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain obscure. In the present study, we found that the expression of SF3B4 was significantly elevated in ccRCC tissues and negatively correlated with the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Upregulation of SF3B4 promotes migration and invasion of ccRCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The promoting effect of SF3B4 on cell migration and invasion is mediated by Twist1, a key transcription factor to mediate EMT. Interestingly, SF3B4, a component of the pre-mRNA spliceosome, is able to promote KLF16 expression by facilitating the transport of KLF16 mRNA into the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, SF3B4 promotes the export of KLF16 mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and thus enhances KLF16 expression, and in turn elevated KLF16 directly binds to the Twist1 promoter to activate its transcription, leading to EMT and ccRCC progression. Our findings provide evidence that the SF3B4-KLF16-Twist1 axis plays important functional roles in the development and progression of ccRCC, and manipulating this pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Therapeutic adenine base editing of human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Liao Jiaoyang , Chen Shuanghong , Hsiao Shenlin , Jiang Yanhong , Yang Yang , Zhang Yuanjin , Wang Xin , Lai Yongrong , Bauer Daniel E. , Wu Yuxuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn β-thalassemia, either γ-globin induction to form fetal hemoglobin (α2γ2) or β-globin repair to restore adult hemoglobin (α2β2) could be therapeutic. ABE8e, a recently evolved adenine base editor variant, can achieve efficient adenine conversion, yet its application in patient-derived hematopoietic stem cells needs further exploration. Here, we purified ABE8e for ribonucleoprotein electroporation of β-thalassemia patient CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to introduce nucleotide substitutions that upregulate γ-globin expression in the BCL11A enhancer or in the HBG promoter. We observed highly efficient on-target adenine base edits at these two regulatory regions, resulting in robust γ-globin induction. Moreover, we developed ABE8e-SpRY, a near-PAMless ABE variant, and successfully applied ABE8e-SpRY RNP to directly correct HbE and IVS II-654 mutations in patient-derived CD34+ HSPCs. Finally, durable therapeutic editing was produced in self-renewing repopulating human HSCs as assayed in primary and secondary recipients. Together, these results support the potential of ABE-mediated base editing in HSCs to treat inherited monogenic blood disorders.
CD4+ helper T cells endow cDC1 with cancer-impeding functions in the human tumor micro-environment
Authors: Lei Xin , Khatri Indu , de Wit Tom , de Rink Iris , Nieuwland Marja , Kerkhoven Ron , van Eenennaam Hans , Sun Chong , Garg Abhishek D. , Borst Jannie , Xiao Yanling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite their low abundance in the tumor microenvironment (TME), classical type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) play a pivotal role in anti-cancer immunity, and their abundance positively correlates with patient survival. However, their interaction with CD4+ T-cells to potentially enable the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response has not been elucidated. Here we show that contact with activated CD4+ T-cells enables human ex vivo cDC1, but no other DC types, to induce a CTL response to cell-associated tumor antigens. Single cell transcriptomics reveals that CD4+ T-cell help uniquely optimizes cDC1 in many functions that support antigen cross-presentation and T-cell priming, while these changes don’t apply to other DC types. We robustly identify “helped” cDC1 in the TME of a multitude of human cancer types by the overlap in their transcriptomic signature with that of recently defined, tumor-infiltrating DC states that prove to be positively prognostic. As predicted from the functional effects of CD4+ T-cell help, the transcriptomic signature of “helped” cDC1 correlates with tumor infiltration by CTLs and Thelper(h)−1 cells, overall survival and response to PD-1-targeting immunotherapy. These findings reveal a critical role for CD4+ T-cell help in enabling cDC1 function in the TME and may establish the helped cDC1 transcriptomic signature as diagnostic marker in cancer.
Global patterns of climate change impacts on desert bird communities
Authors: Ma Liang , Conradie Shannon R. , Crawford Christopher L. , Gardner Alexandra S. , Kearney Michael R. , Maclean Ilya M. D. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Mi Chun-Rong , Senior Rebecca A. , Wilcove David S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe world’s warm deserts are predicted to experience disproportionately large temperature increases due to climate change, yet the impacts on global desert biodiversity remain poorly understood. Because species in warm deserts live close to their physiological limits, additional warming may induce local extinctions. Here, we combine climate change projections with biophysical models and species distributions to predict physiological impacts of climate change on desert birds globally. Our results show heterogeneous impacts between and within warm deserts. Moreover, spatial patterns of physiological impacts do not simply mirror air temperature changes. Climate change refugia, defined as warm desert areas with high avian diversity and low predicted physiological impacts, are predicted to persist in varying extents in different desert realms. Only a small proportion (<20%) of refugia fall within existing protected areas. Our analysis highlights the need to increase protection of refugial areas within the world’s warm deserts to protect species from climate change.
Topographic representation of current and future threats in the mouse nociceptive amygdala
Authors: Bowen Anna J. , Huang Y. Waterlily , Chen Jane Y. , Pauli Jordan L. , Campos Carlos A. , Palmiter Richard D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdaptive behaviors arise from an integration of current sensory context and internal representations of past experiences. The central amygdala (CeA) is positioned as a key integrator of cognitive and affective signals, yet it remains unknown whether individual populations simultaneously carry current- and future-state representations. We find that a primary nociceptive population within the CeA of mice, defined by CGRP-receptor (Calcrl) expression, receives topographic sensory information, with spatially defined representations of internal and external stimuli. While Calcrl+ neurons in both the rostral and caudal CeA respond to noxious stimuli, rostral neurons promote locomotor responses to externally sourced threats, while caudal CeA Calcrl+ neurons are activated by internal threats and promote passive coping behaviors and associative valence coding. During associative fear learning, rostral CeA Calcrl+ neurons stably encode noxious stimulus occurrence, while caudal CeA Calcrl+ neurons acquire predictive responses. This arrangement supports valence-aligned representations of current and future threats for the generation of adaptive behaviors.
Understanding the emergence of the boson peak in molecular glasses
Authors: González-Jiménez Mario , Barnard Trent , Russell Ben A. , Tukachev Nikita V. , Javornik Uroš , Hayes Laure-Anne , Farrell Andrew J. , Guinane Sarah , Senn Hans M. , Smith Andrew J. , Wilding Martin , Mali Gregor , Nakano Motohiro , Miyazaki Yuji , McMillan Paul , Sosso Gabriele C. , Wynne Klaas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA common feature of glasses is the “boson peak”, observed as an excess in the heat capacity over the crystal or as an additional peak in the terahertz vibrational spectrum. The microscopic origins of this peak are not well understood; the emergence of locally ordered structures has been put forward as a possible candidate. Here, we show that depolarised Raman scattering in liquids consisting of highly symmetric molecules can be used to isolate the boson peak, allowing its detailed observation from the liquid into the glass. The boson peak in the vibrational spectrum matches the excess heat capacity. As the boson peak intensifies on cooling, wide-angle x-ray scattering shows the simultaneous appearance of a pre-peak due to molecular clusters consisting ofcirca20 molecules. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations indicate that these are caused by over-coordinated molecules. These findings represent an essential step toward our understanding of the physics of vitrification.
Assessing and advancing the safety of CRISPR-Cas tools: from DNA to RNA editing
Authors: Tao Jianli , Bauer Daniel E. , Chiarle Roberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCRISPR-Cas gene editing has revolutionized experimental molecular biology over the past decade and holds great promise for the treatment of human genetic diseases. Here we review the development of CRISPR-Cas9/Cas12/Cas13 nucleases, DNA base editors, prime editors, and RNA base editors, focusing on the assessment and improvement of their editing precision and safety, pushing the limit of editing specificity and efficiency. We summarize the capabilities and limitations of each CRISPR tool from DNA editing to RNA editing, and highlight the opportunities for future improvements and applications in basic research, as well as the therapeutic and clinical considerations for their use in patients.
Risk factors and injury patterns of e-scooter associated injuries in Germany
Authors: Kleinertz Holger , Volk Annabelle , Dalos Dimitris , Rutkowski Rico , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Thiesen Darius M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the introduction of widely available e-scooter rentals in Hamburg, Germany in June of 2019, our emergency department has seen a sharp increase in the amount of e-scooter related injuries. Despite a rising number of studies certain aspects of e-scooter mobility remain unclear. This study examines the various aspects of e-scooter associated injuries with one of the largest cohorts to date. Electronic patient records of emergency department admissions were screened for e-scooter associated injuries between June 2019 and December 2021. Patient demographic data, mechanism of injury, alcohol consumption, helmet usage, sustained injuries and utilized medical resources were recorded. Overall, 268 patients (57% male) with a median age of 30.3 years (IQR 23.3; 40.0) were included. 252 (94%) were e-scooter riders themselves, while 16 (6%) were involved in crashes associated with an e-scooter. Patients in non-rider e-scooter crashes were either cyclists who collided with e-scooter riders or older pedestrians (median age 61.2 years) who tripped over parked e-scooters. While e-scooter riders involved in a crash sustained an impact to the head or face in 58% of cases, those under the influence of alcohol fell on their head or face in 84% of cases. This resulted in a large amount of maxillofacial soft tissue lacerations and fractures. Extremity fractures and dislocations were more often recorded for the upper extremities. This study comprises one of the largest cohorts of e-scooter associated injuries to date. Older pedestrians are at risk to stumble over parked e-scooters. E-scooter crashes with riders who consumed alcohol were associated with more severe injuries, especially to the head and face. Restricted e-scooter parking, enforcement of drunk driving laws for e-scooters, and helmet usage should be recommended.
Exploring the latent structure of behavior using the Human Connectome Project’s data
Authors: Schöttner Mikkel , Bolton Thomas A. W. , Patel Jagruti , Nahálka Anjali Tarun , Vieira Sandra , Hagmann Patric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow behavior arises from brain physiology has been one central topic of investigation in neuroscience. Considering the recent interest in predicting behavior from brain imaging using open datasets, there is the need for a principled approach to the categorization of behavioral variables. However, this is not trivial, as the definitions of psychological constructs and their relationships—their ontology—are not always clear. Here, we propose to use exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as a data-driven approach to find robust and interpretable domains of behavior in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. Additionally, we explore the clustering of behavioral variables using consensus clustering. We find that four and five factors offer the best description of the data, a result corroborated by the consensus clustering. In the four-factor solution, factors for Mental Health, Cognition, Processing Speed, and Substance Use arise. With five factors, Mental Health splits into Well-Being and Internalizing. Clustering results show a similar pattern, with clusters for Cognition, Processing Speed, Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Substance Use. The factor structure is replicated in an independent dataset using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We discuss how the content of the factors fits with previous conceptualizations of general behavioral domains.
Neolithic hydroclimatic change and water resources exploitation in the Fertile Crescent
Authors: Regattieri Eleonora , Forti Luca , Drysdale Russell N. , Mannella Giorgio , Hellstrom John C. , Conati Barbaro Cecilia , Bonacossi Daniele Morandi , Zerboni Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the first millennia of the Holocene, human communities in the Fertile Crescent experienced drastic cultural and technological transformations that modified social and human-environments interactions, ultimately leading to the rise of complex societies. The potential influence of climate on this “Neolithic Revolution” has long been debated. Here we present a speleothem record from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, covering from Early Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic periods (~ 11 to 7.3 ka, 9000–5300 BCE). The record reveals the influence of the Siberian High on regional precipitation, and shows large hydroclimatic variability at the multicentennial scale. In particular, it highlights wetter conditions between 9.7 and 9.0 ka, followed by an abrupt reduction of precipitation between 9.0 and 8.5 ka, and a wetter interval between 8.5 and 8.0 ka. A comparison with regional and local archaeological data demonstrates an influence of recorded hydroclimatic changes on settlement patterns (size, distribution, permanent vs. seasonal occupation) and on the exploitation of water resources by Neolithic to Chalcolithic populations. Our record does not show prominent hydroclimatic changes at 9.3 and 8.2 ka, thus not supporting direct influence of such rapid and widespread events on the process of Neolithization and its cultural dispersal.
Theta tACS impairs episodic memory more than tDCS
Authors: Murray Nicholas W. G. , Graham Petra L. , Sowman Paul F. , Savage Greg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpisodic memory deficits are a common consequence of aging and are associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Given the importance of episodic memory, a great deal of research has investigated how we can improve memory performance. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) represents a promising tool for memory enhancement but the optimal stimulation parameters that reliably boost memory are yet to be determined. In our double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled study, 42 healthy adults (36 females; 23.3 ± 7.7 years of age) received anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), theta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and sham stimulation during a list-learning task, over three separate sessions. Stimulation was applied over the left temporal lobe, as encoding and recall of information is typically associated with mesial temporal lobe structures (e.g., the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex). We measured word recall within each stimulation session, as well as the average number of intrusion and repetition errors. In terms of word recall, participants recalled fewer words during tDCS and tACS, compared to sham stimulation, and significantly fewer words recalled during tACS compared with tDCS. Significantly more memory errors were also made during tACS compared with sham stimulation. Overall, our findings suggest that TES has a deleterious effect on memory processes when applied to the left temporal lobe.
Biostimulants alleviate water deficit stress and enhance essential oil productivity: a case study with savory
Authors: Rezaei-Chiyaneh Esmaeil , Mahdavikia Hassan , Alipour Hadi , Dolatabadian Aria , Battaglia Martin Leonardo , Maitra Sagar , Harrison Matthew Tom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater deficit stress exposure frequently constrains plant and agri-food production globally. Biostimulants (BSs) can be considered a new tool in mitigating water deficit stress. This study aimed to understand how BSs influence water deficit stress perceived by savory plants (Satureja hortensisL.), an important herb used for nutritional and herbal purposes in the Middle East. Three BS treatments, including bio-fertilizers, humic acid and foliar application of amino acid (AA), were implemented. Each treatment was applied to savory plants using three irrigation regimes (low, moderate and severe water deficit stress FC100, FC75 and FC50, respectively). Foliar application of AA increased dry matter yield, essential oil (EO) content and EO yield by 22%, 31% and 57%, respectively. The greatest EO yields resulted from the moderate (FC75) and severe water deficit stress (FC50) treatments treated with AA. Primary EO constituents included carvacrol (39–43%), gamma-terpinene (27–37%), alpha-terpinene (4–7%) andp-cymene (2–5%). Foliar application of AA enhanced carvacrol, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene andp-cymene content by 6%, 19%, 46% and 18%, respectively. Physiological characteristics were increased with increasing water shortage and application of AA. Moreover, the maximum activities of superoxide dismutase (3.17 unit mg−1 min−1), peroxidase (2.60 unit mg−1 min−1) and catalase (3.08 unit mg−1 min−1) were obtained from plants subjected to severe water deficit stress (FC50) and treated with AA. We conclude that foliar application of AA under water deficit stress conditions would improve EO quantity and quality in savory.
Exchange bias coupling and bipolar resistive switching at room temperature on GaSb/Mn multilayers for resistive memories applications
Authors: Calderón Jorge A. , Quiroz Heiddy P. , Terán Cristian L. , Manso-Silván M. , Dussan A. , Muñoz Noval Álvaro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work present structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrical properties of GaSb/Mn multilayer deposited via DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature and at 423 K. The samples are characterized by forming layers of 3, 6 and 12 periods of the GaSb/Mn structure. Through XRD patterns, it was possible to stablish the formation of GaSb, Mn3Ga, and Mn2Sb2 phases. FTIR measurements present an optical interference associated with periodicity and the homogenous thickness of the layers. HR-SEM shows the multilayer architecture with columnar microstructure in the formation of layers with grain nucleation on the surface. A ferromagnetic-like behavior was observed in the multilayers at room temperature related to the domains and interlayers interaction. Additionally, the hysteresis curves present shifts attributed to the effect of exchange bias coupling. I-V curves show RESET-SET states of the multilayer system with bipolar resistive behavior, which can be modified by external magnetic fields. The resistive switching evidenced corresponds to the conductive mechanism based on the capacitive conductance and the formation of conductive filaments in multilayer structure.