bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles into Clusters, Patterns, and Films: Emerging Synthesis Techniques and Applications
Authors: Borah Rituraj , AG Karthick Raj , Minja Antony Charles , Verbruggen Sammy W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe colloidal synthesis of functional nanoparticles has gained tremendous scientific attention in the last decades. In parallel to these advancements, another rapidly growing area is the self‐assembly or self‐organization of these colloidal nanoparticles. First, the organization of nanoparticles into ordered structures is important for obtaining functional interfaces that extend or even amplify the intrinsic properties of the constituting nanoparticles at a larger scale. The synthesis of large‐scale interfaces using complex or intricately designed nanostructures as building blocks, requires highly controllable self‐assembly techniques down to the nanoscale. In certain cases, for example, when dealing with plasmonic nanoparticles, the assembly of the nanoparticles further enhances their properties by coupling phenomena. In other cases, the process of self‐assembly itself is useful in the final application such as in sensing and drug delivery, amongst others. In view of the growing importance of this field, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the field of nanoparticle self‐assembly and their applications. For clarity, the self‐assembled nanostructures are classified into two broad categories: finite clusters/patterns, and infinite films. Different state‐of‐the‐art techniques to obtain these nanostructures are discussed in detail, before discussing the applications where the self‐assembly significantly enhances the performance of the process.
Elemental concentration in renal stones by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Bali Varun , Khajuria Yugal , Pathak Ashok K. , Kumar Upendra , Rai Pradeep K. , Ghany Charles , Singh Vivek K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRenal stone formation inside the kidney is one of the major causes of renal failure all over the world. To create preventative measures, it is crucial to examine renal stone's composition and identify the minerals that are responsible for their pathogenesis. Various concerns regarding the pathophysiology of renal stones remain unresolved and have been put forward. However, till date, the complete information is still unclear. In recent years, spectroscopic studies have gained much attention in identifying the chemical compositions that lead to the formation and growth of renal stones. This work employed wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study renal stones. WDXRF results of renal stone samples give the presence of numerous heavy and trace elements. Different elemental constituents like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), palladium (Pd), bromine (Br), ruthenium (Ru), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were detected and quantified in the renal stones. Vibrational spectroscopic studies were carried out to know the chemical compositions of renal stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), uric acid (UA), and carbonate apatite (CA). Quantitative results of WDXRF have been compared with the results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of these stone samples. The available clinical details of the patients were correlated with the spectroscopic results obtained using WDXRF and FTIR spectroscopy.
Building a Framework for Adaptive Silviculture Under Global Change
Authors: D’Amato Anthony W. , Palik Brian J. , Raymond Patricia , Puettmann Klaus J. , Girona Miguel Montoro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUncertainty surrounding global change impacts on future forest conditions has motivated the development of silviculture strategies and frameworks focused on enhancing potential adaptation to changing climate and disturbance regimes. This includes applying current silvicultural practices, such as thinning and mixed-species and multicohort systems, and novel experimental approaches, including the deployment of future-adapted species and genotypes, to make forests more resilient to future changes. In this chapter, we summarize the general paradigms and approaches associated with adaptation silviculture along a gradient of strategies ranging from resistance to transition. We describe how these concepts have been operationalized and present potential landscape-scale frameworks for allocating different adaptation intensities as part of functionally complex networks in the face of climate change.
Three-body resonances in the φ4 theory
Authors: Garofalo Marco , Mai Maxim , Romero-López Fernando , Rusetsky Akaki , Urbach Carsten 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the properties of three-body resonances using a lattice complex scalar φ4 theory with two scalars, with parameters chosen such that one heavy particle can decay into three light ones. We determine the two- and three-body spectra for several lattice volumes using variational techniques, and then analyze them with two versions of the three-particle finite-volume formalism: the Relativistic Field Theory approach and the Finite-Volume Unitarity approach. We find that both methods provide an equivalent description of the energy levels, and we are able to fit the spectra using simple parametrizations of the scattering quantities. By solving the integral equations of the corresponding three-particle formalisms, we determine the pole position of the resonance in the complex energy plane and thereby its mass and width. We find very good agreement between the two methods at different values of the coupling of the theory.
Precision boson-jet azimuthal decorrelation at hadron colliders
Authors: Chien Yang-Ting , Rahn Rudi , Shao Ding Yu , Waalewijn Wouter J. , Wu Bin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The azimuthal angular decorrelation of a vector boson and jet is sensitive to QCD radiation, and can be used to probe the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions. By using a recoil-free jet definition, the sensitivity to contamination from soft radiation on the measurement is reduced, and the complication of non-global logarithms is eliminated from our theoretical calculation. Specifically we will consider the $$ {p}_T^n $$

p
T
n

recombination scheme, as well as the n → ∞ limit, known as the winner-take-all scheme. These jet definitions also significantly simplify the calculation for a track-based measurement, which is preferred due to its superior angular resolution. We present a detailed discussion of the factorization in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, revealing why the transverse momentum $$ {\overrightarrow{q}}_T $$

q
→

T

is more complicated than the azimuthal angle. We show that potential glauber contributions do not spoil our factorization formalism, at least up to and including order $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

. The resummation is carried out using the renormalization group, and all necessary ingredients are collected or calculated. We conclude with a detailed phenomenological study, finding an enhanced matching correction for high jet pT due to the electroweak collinear enhancement of a boson emission off di-jets. We also compare with the Pythia event generator, finding that our observable is very robust to hadronization and the underlying event.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Epilepsy-dedicated MRI with Post-processing
Authors: Urbach Horst , Scheiwe Christian , Shah Muskesh J. , Nakagawa Julia M. , Heers Marcel , San Antonio-Arce Maria Victoria , Altenmueller Dirk-Matthias , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Huppertz Hans-Juergen , Demerath Theo , Doostkam Soroush 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of epilepsy-dedicated 3 Tesla MRI including post-processing by correlating MRI, histopathology, and postsurgical seizure outcomes.

Methods
3 Tesla-MRI including a magnetization-prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) sequence for post-processing using the morphometric analysis program MAP was acquired in 116 consecutive patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy undergoing resection surgery. The MRI, histopathology reports and postsurgical seizure outcomes were recorded from the patient’s charts.

Results
The MRI and histopathology were concordant in 101 and discordant in 15 patients, 3 no hippocampal sclerosis/gliosis only lesions were missed on MRI and 1 of 28 focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II associated with a glial scar was considered a glial scar only on MRI. In another five patients, MRI was suggestive of FCD, the histopathology was uneventful but patients were seizure-free following surgery. The MRI and histopathology were concordant in 20 of 21 glioneuronal tumors, 6 cavernomas, and 7 glial scars. Histopathology was negative in 10 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, 4 of them had anteroinferior meningoencephaloceles. Engel class IA outcome was reached in 71% of patients.

Conclusion
The proposed MRI protocol is highly accurate. No hippocampal sclerosis/gliosis only lesions are typically MRI negative. Small MRI positive FCD can be histopathologically missed, most likely due to sampling errors resulting from insufficient harvesting of tissue.
A parametric geometry model of the aortic valve for subject-specific blood flow simulations using a resistive approach
Authors: Pase Giorgia , Brinkhuis Emiel , De Vries Tanja , Kosinka Jiří , Willems Tineke , Bertoglio Cristóbal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCardiac valves simulation is one of the most complex tasks in cardiovascular modeling. Fluid–structure interaction is not only highly computationally demanding but also requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the tissue. Therefore, an alternative is to include valves as resistive flow obstacles, prescribing the geometry (and its possible changes) in a simple way, but, at the same time, with a geometry complex enough to reproduce both healthy and pathological configurations. In this work, we present a generalized parametric model of the aortic valve to obtain patient-specific geometries that can be included into blood flow simulations using a resistive immersed implicit surface (RIIS) approach. Numerical tests are presented for geometry generation and flow simulations in aortic stenosis patients whose parameters are extracted from ECG-gated CT images.
Autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2004 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Youao , Peng Yongzheng , Xia Xu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to autoimmune diseases (ADs). Studies on gut microbiota and ADs have also increased significantly, but no bibliometric analysis has summarized the association between gut microbiota and ADs. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of published studies on gut microbiota and ADs. Based on the Web of Science Core Collection SCI-expanded database, we utilize Excel 2019 and visualization analysis tools VOSviewer and co-occurrence13.2 (COOC13.2) for analysis. A total of 2516 related kinds of literature were included, and the number of papers presented an overall increasing trend. The country/region with the most publications is the USA, the institution is the Harvard Medical School, and the author is Mikael Knip from the USA. Hot research areas include intestinal regulation (such as dysbiosis, short chain fatty acids, and probiotics), multisystem ADs (such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease), and immune-related cells (such as T cells, and dendritic cells). Psoriasis, dysbiosis, autoimmune liver disease, and fecal microbiota transplantation may be the future research direction. Our research results can help researchers grasp the current status of ADs and gut microbiota research and find new research directions in the future.
Using Lagrangian relaxation to locate hydrogen production facilities under uncertain demand: a case study from Norway
Authors: Štádlerová Šárka , Jena Sanjay Dominik , Schütz Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogen is considered a solution to decarbonize the transportation sector, an important step to meet the requirements of the Paris agreement. Even though hydrogen demand is expected to increase over the next years, the exact demand level over time remains a main source of uncertainty. We study the problem of where and when to locate hydrogen production plants to satisfy uncertain future customer demand. We formulate our problem as a two-stage stochastic multi-period facility location and capacity expansion problem. The first-stage decisions are related to the location and initial capacity of the production plants and have to be taken before customer demand is known. They involve selecting a modular capacity with a piecewise linear, convex short-term cost function for the chosen capacity level. In the second stage, decisions regarding capacity expansion and demand allocation are taken. Given the complexity of the formulation, we solve the problem using a Lagrangian decomposition heuristic. Our method is capable of finding solutions of sufficiently high quality within a few hours, even for instances too large for commercial solvers. We apply our model to a case from Norway and design the corresponding hydrogen infrastructure for the transportation sector.
Zwillingsschwangerschaften nach natürlicher Konzeption: wie stark ist die erbliche Komponente?
Authors: Michaelis Silke A. M. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Faszination, die von Zwillingen, Zwillingsschwangerschaften und deren Ätiologie ausgeht, ist über die Jahrhunderte unverändert groß geblieben. Beim Menschen sind Zwillinge nach natürlicher Konzeption ein relativ häufiges Ereignis. Aufgrund des steigenden maternalen Alters und der reproduktionsmedizinischen Technologien hat die Anzahl an Zwillingen in der industrialisierten Gesellschaft seit den 1980er-Jahren stetig zugenommen. Dank des besseren Verständnisses und der Fortschritte in der Pränataldiagnostik, klinischen Genetik, Molekulargenetik und Entwicklungsbiologie ist es mittlerweile ersichtlicher geworden, warum und wie Zwillingsschwangerschaften beim Menschen entstehen. Man unterscheidet zwei Arten von Zwillingen: monozygote („eineiige“) und dizygote („zweieiige“) Zwillinge, jede dieser Formen mit unterschiedlichen Inzidenzen, Häufungen und Ursachen. Die Tendenz, dizygote Zwillinge nach natürlicher Konzeption zu empfangen, ist ein komplexes Geschehen, das erheblichen geografischen, ethnischen, saisonalen und familiären Einflüssen unterliegt und eine klare genetische Komponente aufweist. Die Rate an monozygoten Zwillingen ist weltweit relativ konstant, wobei die Ursache noch nicht gänzlich geklärt ist. Wie man jetzt weiß, spielen auch bei dieser Entität erbliche Ursachen eine Rolle.
Bedeutung der Gesetzgebung zur Luftreinhaltung in der Prävention umweltbedingter Erkrankungen
Authors: Kutlar Joss Meltem , Probst-Hensch Nicole 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Luftverschmutzung beispielsweise durch Feinstaub (PM, particulate matter), Stickoxide oder Ozon ist schädlich für die Gesundheit. Bestehende Lungenkrankheiten können sich durch kurzfristig erhöhte Luftbelastung verschlimmern. Langfristige Luftbelastung trägt insbesondere zur Entstehung von kardiorespiratorischen Erkrankungen bei. In Deutschland starben im Jahr 2019 53.000 Menschen vorzeitig aufgrund der Feinstaubbelastung. Die Luftreinhaltung ist eine politische Aufgabe mit großem gesundheitlichem Potenzial. Sie hat in den letzten Jahren wesentlich zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität und damit der Gesundheit beigetragen. In Anbetracht der neuen stringenteren Luftqualitätsleitlinien der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) sind die Behörden und Politiker nun weltweit mit der Frage der Anpassung der Luftreinhalteziele konfrontiert. In Europa prägt die EU-Direktive die Luftreinhalteziele der Mitgliedstaaten. Die Festlegung der Richtwerte obliegt dem EU-Parlament und dem Rat der EU. Das Nichterreichen der gesetzten Ziele ist mit Strafen verbunden. Deshalb besteht die Gefahr, dass erreichbare und weniger ambitionierte Ziele gesetzt werden. Bereits heute liegen die EU-Richtwerte wesentlich höher als jene in den USA oder der Schweiz. Während „nur“ 11 % der Bevölkerung in der EU einer Belastung über dem EU-Grenzwert für Feinstaub PM10 im Jahr 2020 ausgesetzt waren, sind bei Anwendungen der neuen WHO-Leitlinie 71 % der Bevölkerung übermäßigen und gesundheitsgefährdenden Feinstaubwerten ausgesetzt. Zur wichtigsten und erfolgreichsten Maßnahme der Luftreinhaltung zählt die Reduktion der Luftschadstoffe an der Quelle: die Emissionsbegrenzung. Trotz der Energiekrise dürfen Ziele bezüglich Luftreinhaltung und Klimaschutz nicht aus den Augen verloren werden. Wichtig ist, dass der Gesundheitsschutz nicht dem Einzelnen überlassen werden kann. Gesundheitsfachleute haben in der Beratung empfindlicher Patienten im Umgang mit kurzfristig erhöhter Luftschadstoffbelastung eine wichtige klinische Funktion, aber darüber hinaus ist ihre beratende Rolle in der Politik sehr bedeutsam.
“For Example” Formulations and the Interactional Work of Exemplification
Authors: Lee Yeji , Mlynář Jakub 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMembers in society make ubiquitous use of examples as a resource to engage in their everyday and specialized activities. This paper takes the resourcefulness of exemplification as a topic of inquiry by focusing on the formulative phrase “for example,” investigating its interactional work within the analytic framework of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. The data used consists of 11 h of video-recordings of English as a Foreign Language classroom lessons over a semester. We conceptualize exemplification as a holistic configuration (gestalt) where its work consists in the production and recognition of a pair, namely the exemplifying component and the exemplified component. We demonstrate how the teacher and students position the formulative phrase as a recognizable practice for the organization of two distinct actions: accounting for one’s opinion and confirming an understanding. Our findings also present the different forms of exemplification, including elaborate narrative constructions, single terms or phrases, and specimen performances.
Design and Implementation of an Einsteinian Energy Learning Module
Authors: Boublil Shachar , Blair David , Treagust David F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The most famous equation in physics, E = mc2, is rarely introduced in middle school physics curricula. Recent research has shown that teaching Einsteinian concepts at the middle school level is feasible and beneficial. This paper analyses an Einsteinian energy teaching module for Year 8 students (13–14 years old), which encompasses the two fundamental energy formulas in modern physics, E = mc2 and E = hf. In the context of activity-based learning, the Einsteinian energy module relates to all the forms of energy in traditional school curricula. This study uses a design-based research approach within the Model of Educational Reconstruction framework. Modern experiments, historical events, and educational research helped us identify relevant Einsteinian energy concepts, activities, and assessments. The study included 22 students who participated in nine in-class Einsteinian energy lessons. Analysing results in the post-test showed a 31% mean increase from the pre-test, a clear and significant positive change in students’ conceptual understanding. The results demonstrated students’ ability to deal with very large and small constants of proportionality and physical concepts involved in the module.
Immigrants’ Enforcement Experiences and Concern about Accessing Public Benefits or Services
Authors: Chen Lei , Young Maria-Elena De Trinidad , Rodriguez Michael A. , Kietzman Kathryn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough exclusionary immigration policies are associated with fear of deportation and avoidance of public benefits, relationships between immigration enforcement policy and public charge policies are largely unknown. Using a California population-based survey of 1103 Asian and Latinx immigrants in 2018, we tested the relationship between immigrants’ experiences with law enforcement and their concern about public charge. Direct encounters with various forms of law enforcement, including being asked to show proof of citizenship by law enforcement, staying inside to avoid police or immigration officials, and having known someone who had been deported, were associated with immigrants’ avoidance of public benefits due to public charge concerns. Latinx immigrants were more likely to be concerns about public charge than Asians. Intersections among immigration policies deserve further consideration. There is a need to provide accurate and reliable information to immigrant communities about public benefits and advocate for inclusive immigration policies.
Role of oncostatin-M in ECM remodeling and plaque vulnerability
Authors: Patel Parth , Rai Vikrant , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by the development of plaque formation leading to occlusion of the vessel and hypoxia of the tissue supplied by the vessel. Chronic inflammation and altered collagen expression render stable plaque to unstable and increase plaque vulnerability. Thinned and weakened fibrous cap results in plaque rupture and formation of thrombosis and emboli formation leading to acute ischemic events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Inflammatory mediators including TREM-1, TLRs, MMPs, and immune cells play a critical role in plaque vulnerability. Among the other inflammatory mediators, oncostatin-M (OSM), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, however, the role of OSM in plaque vulnerability and extracellular matrix remodeling (ECM) is not well understood and studied. Since ECM remodeling plays an important role in atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability, a detailed investigation on the role of OSM in ECM remodeling and plaque vulnerability is critical. This is important because the role of OSM has been discussed in the context of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and regulation of cytokine expression but the role of OSM is scarcely discussed in relation to ECM remodeling and plaque vulnerability. This review focuses on critically discussing the role of OSM in ECM remodeling and plaque vulnerability.
Novel ultra-energy-efficient reversible designs of sequential logic quantum-dot cellular automata flip-flop circuits
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed , Edwards Gerard , Stocker Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a technological approach to implement digital circuits with exceptionally high integration density, high switching frequency, and low energy dissipation. QCA circuits are a potential solution to the energy dissipation issues created by shrinking microprocessors with ultra-high integration densities. Current QCA circuit designs are irreversible, yet reversible circuits are known to increase energy efficiency. Thus, the development of reversible QCA circuits will further reduce energy dissipation. This paper presents novel reversible and irreversible sequential QCA set/reset (SR), data (D), Jack Kilby (JK), and toggle (T) flip-flop designs based on the majority gate that utilizes the universal, standard, and efficient (USE) clocking scheme, which allows the implementation of feedback paths and easy routing for sequential QCA-based circuits. The simulation results confirm that the proposed reversible QCA USE sequential flip-flop circuits exhibit energy dissipation less than the Landauer energy limit. Irreversible QCA USE flip-flop designs, although having higher energy dissipation, sometimes have floorplan areas and delay times less than those of reversible designs; therefore, they are also explored. The trade-offs between the energy dissipation versus the area cost and delay time for the reversible and irreversible QCA circuits are examined comprehensively.