bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate from coconut coir hydrolysate: Characterization and optimization study
Authors: Kasilingam Nagajothi , A. G. Murugesan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are produced by microorganisms. PHBs are chosen as biodegradable plastic alternatives due to their rapid degradability under natural circumstances. In this study, the isolation and identification of PHB‐producing organisms by Sudan black, fermentation, solvent extraction, and characterization of purified PHB are all discussed in detail. Serratia sp. was employed to produce PHB biopolymer from lignocellulose waste coconut coir and a response surface software tool was used to optimize it. PHB characterization, FTIR (1730 cm−1 C = O stretch), TGA (268.53°C), and DTA (276.67°C) results. Sudan Black B stain was employed for the pre‐screening of these vital bacteria that produced intracellular granules of PHB. The best optimized parameters are used during the fermentation process, including 20 g/L coconut coir hydrolysate, pH 7, 30°C temperature, 1.5 g/L peptone, and 48 h. The optimization of the response surface methodology yields a high biomass output of 9.34 g/L, PHB yield of 5.48 g/L, and dry cell weight of 58.67%. The ANOVA findings, F and R2 value of biomass (10.04 and 0.9036) and PHB (23.33 and 0.9561). The results show that employing coconut coir as a feedstock allows for the enhanced production of PHB.
Hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon g − 2 from lattice QCD: semi-analytical calculation of the QED kernel
Authors: Asmussen Nils , Chao En-Hung , Gérardin Antoine , Green Jeremy R. , Hudspith Renwick J. , Meyer Harvey B. , Nyffeler Andreas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hadronic light-by-light scattering is one of the virtual processes that causes the gyromagnetic factor g of the muon to deviate from the value of two predicted by Dirac’s theory. This process makes one of the largest contributions to the uncertainty of the Standard Model prediction for the muon (g − 2). Lattice QCD allows for a first-principles approach to computing this non-perturbative effect. In order to avoid power-law finite-size artifacts generated by virtual photons in lattice simulations, we follow a coordinate-space approach involving a weighted integral over the vertices of the QCD four-point function of the electromagnetic current carried by the quarks. Here we present in detail the semi-analytical calculation of the QED part of the amplitude, employing position-space perturbation theory in continuous, infinite four-dimensional Euclidean space. We also provide some useful information about a computer code for the numerical implementation of our approach that has been made public at https://github.com/RJHudspith/KQED.
Heavy neutral leptons at beam dump experiments of future lepton colliders
Authors: Giffin Pierce , Gori Stefania , Tsai Yu-Dai , Tuckler Douglas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A new beam dump experiment that utilizes the beam of future high energy electron-positron colliders could be an excellent avenue to search for dark sector particles due to its unprecedented high energy and intensity. We consider heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as a specific example to demonstrate the sensitivity of searches for dark sector particles at future electron-positron collider beam dump experiments. This includes the study of the reach at the International Linear Collider (ILC), the Cool Copper Collider (C3), and the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). We comprehensively examine the HNL production and detector acceptance at these electron beam dump experiments. We show that these experiments will probe regions of HNL parameter space, not yet probed by past experiments, as well as by future approved experiments. Our study also motivates a more detailed analysis of heavy meson productions in high-energy electron-nucleon collisions in thick targets.
Umfrage zur Untersuchung von Gewaltbetroffenen unter Ärztinnen und Ärzten unter Berücksichtigung einer durch Medizinstudierende bearbeiteten Hausaufgabe
Authors: Walz Cleo , Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Elsner Katrin , Jannermann Mareike , Germerott Tanja 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Gemäß dem „Gesetz für den Schutz vor Masern und zur Stärkung der Impfprävention“ sollen flächendeckende Angebote zur Versorgung von Personen nach körperlicher und sexualisierter Gewalt geschaffen werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Versorgungssituation von Gewaltbetroffenen in medizinischen Einrichtungen und die Umsetzung des theoretischen Wissens von Medizinstudierenden in die Praxis hinsichtlich forensisch relevanter Aspekte, um Verbesserungsansätze zu erarbeiten.

Methode
In der ersten Studiengruppe erfolgte eine onlinebasierte Umfrage des ärztlichen Personals in Kliniken und Praxen zum praktischen Umgang mit Gewaltbetroffenen und bestehenden Unsicherheiten. In der zweiten Studiengruppe wurde eine zu dieser Thematik von Medizinstudierenden bearbeitete Hausaufgabe ausgewertet. Neben der deskriptiven statistischen Auswertung in beiden Gruppen wurden in der ersten Studiengruppe Hypothesentests durchgeführt, um Unterschiede zwischen erfahrenen und unerfahrenen Untersuchenden festzustellen.

Ergebnisse
Von den befragten Ärztinnen und Ärzten (n = 94) dokumentieren 81,9 % Verletzungen schriftlich, 63,8 % fertigen Fotografien an und 43,6 % entnehmen fallabhängig Blut- und Urinproben. Lediglich 8,5 % führen eine Spurensicherung durch. Unsicherheiten bestehen im Erkennen und Ansprechen von Gewaltfolgen, in der gerichtsverwertbaren Beweissicherung und rechtlichen Aspekten. Es wurden Fortbildungen, rechtsmedizinische Beratung und Dokumentationshilfen als Unterstützung gefordert. Die Auswertung der Medizinstudierenden (n = 190) ergab Unsicherheiten insbesondere in der Spurensicherung und der Interpretation der Verletzungen.

Diskussion
Derzeit bestehen eklatante Lücken in der Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen in medizinischen Einrichtungen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass Unterstützungsbedarf hinsichtlich forensischer Standards und weniger bezüglich der allgemeinen medizinischen Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen besteht. Das Fachgebiet Rechtsmedizin verfügt in diesen Bereichen über die notwendige Expertise. Um die politischen Bestrebungen unter Einhaltung geforderter Standards umzusetzen, wäre die Etablierung spezialisierter Einrichtungen mit zentralen Kooperationen zur Rechtsmedizin ein sinnvoller Versorgungsansatz. Ferner können verbindliche Leitlinien und eine intensive Einbindung der Thematik im Medizinstudium die ärztliche Handlungssicherheit verbessern.
Neutrally- and stably-stratified boundary layers adjustments to a step change in surface roughness
Authors: Ding Shan-Shan , Placidi Marco , Carpentieri Matteo , Robins Alan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the development of the internal boundary layer (IBL) induced by a surface roughness discontinuity, where the downstream surface has a roughness length greater than that upstream. The work is carried out in the EnFlo meteorological wind tunnel, at the University of Surrey, in both thermally neutral and stable cases with varying degrees of stability. For the neutrally-stratified boundary layer, the IBL development in the log-law region shows good agreement with the diffusion model proposed by Panofsky and Dutton (Atmospheric turbulence, Wiley, New York, 1984) provided that a modified origin condition is introduced and its growth rate is dictated by a constant diffusion term. However, the model over-predicts the growth of the IBL in the outer layer, where the IBL depth grows slowly with fetch following a power function with exponent n being 0.61 (whereas the original model prescribes $$n\approx 0.8$$

n
≈
0.8

). For the stably-stratified boundary layers, n is found to further reduce as the bulk Richardson number, $$\textrm{Ri}_\textrm{b}$$

Ri
b

, increases. The analysis of the top region of the IBL shows that the slow growth rate is due to a combination of the decay of the diffusion term and a significantly negative mean wall-normal velocity, which transports fluid elements towards the wall. Considering these two effects, a modified diffusion model is proposed which well captures the growth of the IBL for both neutrally and stably-stratified boundary layers.

Graphical abstract
Sparse polynomial prediction
Authors: Maruri-Aguilar Hugo , Wynn Henry 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn numerical analysis, sparse grids are point configurations used in stochastic finite element approximation, numerical integration and interpolation. This paper is concerned with the construction of polynomial interpolator models in sparse grids. Our proposal stems from the fact that a sparse grid is an echelon design with a hierarchical structure that identifies a single model. We then formulate the model and show that it can be written using inclusion–exclusion formulæ. At this point, we deploy efficient methodologies from the algebraic literature that can simplify considerably the computations. The methodology uses Betti numbers to reduce the number of terms in the inclusion–exclusion while achieving the same result as with exhaustive formulæ.
A systematic overview of dental methods for age assessment in living individuals: from traditional to artificial intelligence-based approaches
Authors: Vila-Blanco Nicolás , Varas-Quintana Paulina , Tomás Inmaculada , Carreira María J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDental radiographies have been used for many decades for estimating the chronological age, with a view to forensic identification, migration flow control, or assessment of dental development, among others. This study aims to analyse the current application of chronological age estimation methods from dental X-ray images in the last 6 years, involving a search for works in the Scopus and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria were applied to discard off-topic studies and experiments which are not compliant with a minimum quality standard. The studies were grouped according to the applied methodology, the estimation target, and the age cohort used to evaluate the estimation performance. A set of performance metrics was used to ensure good comparability between the different proposed methodologies. A total of 613 unique studies were retrieved, of which 286 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Notable tendencies to overestimation and underestimation were observed in some manual approaches for numeric age estimation, being especially notable in the case of Demirjian (overestimation) and Cameriere (underestimation). On the other hand, the automatic approaches based on deep learning techniques are scarcer, with only 17 studies published in this regard, but they showed a more balanced behaviour, with no tendency to overestimation or underestimation. From the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that traditional methods have been evaluated in a wide variety of population samples, ensuring good applicability in different ethnicities. On the other hand, fully automated methods were a turning point in terms of performance, cost, and adaptability to new populations.
Computed tomography micromotion analysis in the follow-up of patients with surgically treated pelvic fractures: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Lundin Natalie , Olivecrona Henrik , Bakhshayesh Peyman , Gordon Murkes Lena , Enocson Anders 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
High-energy pelvic fractures are complex injuries often requiring surgical treatment. Different radiological methods exist to evaluate the reduction and healing process postoperatively but with certain limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate Computed Tomography Micromotion Analysis (CTMA) in a clinical setting for follow-up of surgically treated pelvic fracture patients.

Methods
10 patients surgically treated for a pelvic fracture were included and prospectively followed with Computed Tomography (CT) at 0, 6, 12 and 52 weeks postoperatively. CTMA was used to measure postoperative translation and rotation of the pelvic fracture during the 52 weeks follow-up. Clinical outcomes were collected through the questionnaires EQ-5D index score and Majeed score.

Results
10 patients were included with mean age (± SD, min–max) 52 (16, 31–80) years and 70% (n = 7) were males. The median (IQR, min–max) global translation from 0 to 52 weeks was 6.0 (4.6, 1.4–12.6) millimeters and median global rotation was 2.6 (2.4, 0.7–4.7) degrees. The general trend was a larger translation between 0 and 6 weeks postoperatively compared to 6–12 and 12–52 weeks. For the clinical outcomes, the general trend was that all patients started from high scores which decreased in the first postoperative follow-up and recovered to different extent during the study period.

Conclusion
CTMA was successfully used in the follow-up of surgically treated pelvic fracture patients. Movement in the pelvic fractures after surgical fixation was largest between 0 and 6 weeks.
Gaussian active learning on multi-resolution arbitrary polynomial chaos emulator: concept for bias correction, assessment of surrogate reliability and its application to the carbon dioxide benchmark
Authors: Kohlhaas Rebecca , Kröker Ilja , Oladyshkin Sergey , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurrogate models are widely used to improve the computational efficiency in various geophysical simulation problems by reducing the number of model runs. Conventional one-layer surrogate representations are based on global (e.g. polynomial chaos expansion, PCE) or on local kernels (e.g., Gaussian process emulator, GPE). Global representations omit some details, while local kernels require more model runs. The existing multi-resolution PCE is a promising hybrid: it is a global representation with local refinement. However, it can not (yet) estimate the uncertainty of the resulting surrogate, which techniques like the GPE can do. We propose to join multi-resolution PCE and GPE s into a joint surrogate framework to get the best out of both worlds. By doing so, we correct the surrogate bias and assess the remaining uncertainty of the surrogate itself. The resulting multi-resolution emulator offers a pathway for several active learning strategies to improve the surrogate at acceptable computational costs, compared to the existing PCE-kriging approach it adds the multi-resolution aspect. We analyze the performance of a multi-resolution emulator and a plain GPE using didactic test cases and a CO2 benchmark, that is representative of many alike problems in the geosciences. Both approaches show similar improvements during the active learning, but our multi-resolution emulator leads to much more stable results than the GPE. Overall, our suggested emulator can be seen as a generalization of multi-resolution PCE and GPE concepts that offers the possibility for active learning.
Closing the knowledge gap on the composition of the asbestos bodies
Authors: Bardelli F. , Giacobbe C. , Ballirano P. , Borelli V. , Di Benedetto F. , Montegrossi G. , Bellis D. , Pacella A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAsbestos bodies (AB) form in the lungs as a result of a biomineralization process initiated by the alveolar macrophages in the attempt to remove asbestos. During this process, organic and inorganic material deposit on the foreign fibers forming a Fe-rich coating. The AB start to form in months, thus quickly becoming the actual interface between asbestos and the lung tissue. Therefore, revealing their composition, and, in particular, the chemical form of Fe, which is the major component of the AB, is essential to assess their possible role in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related diseases. In this work we report the result of the first x-ray diffraction measurements performed on single AB embedded in the lung tissue samples of former asbestos plant workers. The combination with x-ray absorption spectroscopy data allowed to unambiguously reveal that Fe is present in the AB in the form of two Fe-oxy(hydroxides): ferrihydrite and goethite. The presence of goethite, which can be explained in terms of the transformation of ferrihydrite (a metastable phase) due to the acidic conditions induced by the alveolar macrophages in their attempt to phagocytose the fibers, has toxicological implications that are discussed in the paper.
Heat Flow in a Periodically Forced, Thermostatted Chain II
Authors: Komorowski Tomasz , Lebowitz Joel L. , Olla Stefano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe derive a macroscopic heat equation for the temperature of a pinned harmonic chain subject to a periodic force at its right side and in contact with a heat bath at its left side. The microscopic dynamics in the bulk is given by the Hamiltonian equation of motion plus a reversal of the velocity of a particle occurring independently for each particle at exponential times, with rate $$\gamma $$
γ
. The latter produces a finite heat conductivity. Starting with an initial probability distribution for a chain of n particles we compute the current and the local temperature given by the expected value of the local energy. Scaling space and time diffusively yields, in the $$n\rightarrow +\infty $$

n
→
+
∞

limit, the heat equation for the macroscopic temperature profile T(t, u), $$t>0$$

t
>
0

, $$u \in [0,1]$$

u
∈
[
0
,
1
]

. It is to be solved for initial conditions T(0, u) and specified $$T(t,0)=T_-$$

T

(
t
,
0
)

=

T
-

, the temperature of the left heat reservoir and a fixed heat flux J, entering the system at $$u=1$$

u
=
1

. |J| equals the work done by the periodic force which is computed explicitly for each n.
The dynamics of esports crowdfunding campaign success: a social exchange perspective
Authors: Xue Hanhan , Du James , Pizzo Anthony D. , Baker Bradley J. , Henry Thomas E. , Yan Grace , Watanabe Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEsports—a professionalized, commercialized, and spectatorial form of video game competition—is a burgeoning industrial sector that has relied on entrepreneurial community support and multi-platform media distribution modalities to catalyze its growth. In particular, the esports industry is increasingly turning towards grassroots crowdfunding to gain access to financial resources that can be used to facilitate tournament prizes. However, what remains unclear is which factors contribute to grassroots esports crowdfunding campaigns’ success. We used social exchange theory to identify important social and economic attributes that may influence the outcomes of esports crowdfunding projects. For methods, we scraped crowdfunding data from Matcherino using Octoparse 8. A total of 14,497 esports crowdfunding projects were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis, as well as robustness checks that were estimated through machine learning techniques. We find that equal distribution of prize rewards, the endorsement of big brand sponsors, and genres of games significantly influence the success of esports crowdfunding. This contributes to our theoretical understanding of 1) the process of esports crowdfunding campaigns as a complex mechanism that incorporates financial incentives and social values, 2) esports as an emerging industry that is institutionalizing, 3) the heterogeneity of genre-based community, and 4) the importance of distributive justice of prize rewards for organizing grassroots esports tournaments and events. Furthermore, we discussed methodological implications regarding the use of econometrics approach and machine learning for future crowdfunding and esports research as well as managerial implications for esports entrepreneurs, esports teams and organizations, and sponsors and investors in terms of developing strategies tailored to the dynamics of esports communities.
A semi-automated robotic system for percutaneous interventions
Authors: Siegfarth Marius , Lutz Raffael , Iseke Nils-Christian , Moviglia Javier , Sadi Fabian , Stallkamp Jan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A robotic assistive device is developed for needle-based percutaneous interventions. The aim is a hybrid system using both manual and actuated robotic operation in order to obtain a device that has a large workspace but can still fit in the gantry opening of a CT scanner. This will enable physicians to perform precise and time-efficient CT-guided percutaneous interventions. The concept of the mechanics and software of the device is presented in this work.

Methods
The approach is a semi-automated robotic assistive device, which combines manual and robotic positioning to reduce the number and size of necessary motors. The system consists of a manual rough positioning unit, a robotic fine positioning unit and an optical needle tracking unit. The resulting system has eight degrees of freedom, of which four are manual, which comprise encoders to monitor the position of each axis. The remaining four axes are actuated axes for fine positioning of the needle. Cameras are attached to the mechanical structure for 3D tracking of the needle pose. The software is based on open-source software, mainly ROS2 as robotic middleware, Moveit2 for trajectory calculation and 3D Slicer for needle path planning.

Results
The communication between the components was successfully tested with a clinical CT scanner. In a first experiment, four needle insertions were planned and the deviation of the actual needle path from the planned path was measured. The mean deviation from the needle path to the target point was 21.9 mm, which is mainly caused both by translational deviation (15.4 mm) and angular deviation (6.8°) of the needle holder. The optical tracking system was able to detect the needle position with a mean deviation of 3.9 mm.

Conclusion
The first validation of the system was successful which proves that the proposed concept for both the hardware and software is feasible. In a next step, an automatic position correction based on the optical tracking system will be integrated, which is expected to significantly improve the system accuracy.
Synthesis and Fabrication of Graphite/WO3 Nanocomposite-Based Screen-Printed Flexible Humidity Sensor
Authors: Saquib Mohammad , Shiraj Shazneen , Nayak Ramakrishna , Nirmale Aditya , Selvakumar M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe resistive type of graphite/WO3 nanocomposite-based humidity sensor is fabricated through screen printing on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Three different nanocomposite-based humidity sensors have been fabricated and analyzed for their humidity-sensing characteristics. The structure elucidation of the nanocomposite was carried out using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. By exposing the printed humidity sensor to relative humidity ranging from 11% to 97% at room temperature, its capabilities were studied. The relative resistance, sensitivity, dynamic response, and hysteresis were determined for all three devices, and they showed maximum responses towards relative humidity changes with the highest sensitivity of ≈ 60.8% and excellent hysteresis curves (maximum change of ≈ 1%). The screen-printed flexible humidity sensor exhibited less than a 5% change in the internal electrical resistance when subjected to various bending angles.