bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic assessment of landslides induced by environmental changes in Sumedang, Indonesia, an important step for the future disaster prevention
Authors: Prawiradisastra F , Shomim A F , Trisnafiah S , Khaerani P , Tejakusuma I G , Wisyanto  , Zakaria Z 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Landslide forensics assessment was conducted in Cimanggung, Sumedang with the aim of identifying the causes and processes of landslides to guide the critical step of future disaster prevention. The methodology includes investigations on geology, lithology, hydrology, land cover, land-use changes, and rainfall triggering the landslide. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles were used to investigate detailed spatial geomorphology for determining landslide development. The forensic assessment of the landslide that occurred in Cimanggung, Sumedang, on January 9, 2021, revealed the role of environmental changes. The conversion of open land to residential areas affects the water balance. The surface burden to the site on the hilltop by houses and toe-side cutting at the bottom of the slope has occurred. Changes in land conditions and hydrology, along with lithology thickness and variations, are essential aspects of the landslide incident. During the high rainfall rate, there is more water runoff, and the flow could be concentrated in a paleo channel formed by thicker unconsolidated sediments. The combination of these aspects destabilized the slope causing it to slide. Water management, particularly drainage improvement, should be established to prevent excessive runoff and centralized infiltration. Detailed hazard zonation, site delineation, and rainwater storage could be developed to avoid future landslides.
Water level and soil moisture monitoring for peatland fire risk indicator
Authors: Kartiwa B , Adi S H , Sosiawan H , Heryani N , Rejekiningrum P , Dariah A , Maswar  , Suratman  , Lenin I , Widiyono W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Peatland forest conversion into cultivated land often creates environmental issues in the form of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the decomposition of organic matter that eventually increase the risk of peat forest fires. This paper presents the results of a study of the peatland water table dynamics based on certain peatland characteristics (depth and maturity) and water management techniques (canal blocking), as well as an analysis of water level and soil moisture data for the peatland fire early warning model. This study was conducted in April-December 2018 at a palm oil plantation in Pangkalan Pisang Village, Riau Province. Peatland water table observations were carried out using a water level logger at each of the midpoints of three oil palm blocks measuring 30 ha each. Meanwhile, soil moisture contents were observed using a logger with two humidity sensors at two depths. The recorded observation data showed that the water table level was very dynamic and fluctuating, both temporally and spatially. The temporal observation data indicates that the water table levels after the rain had stopped in the three observed blocks decreased at the rates of 10.3, 10.6, and 13.6 mm/day, respectively. This research shows a significant correlation between soil moisture dry weight percent and the risk level of peatland fires. Soil moisture content was less than 100% dry weight and highly flammable.
Potential activity of recombinant laccase for biodegradation of ampicillin
Authors: Nuryana I , Dewi K S , Andriani A , Laksmi F A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe broad applications of antibiotics in the field of medicine and animal husbandry to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals have affected the rise of risks related to antibiotic contamination. Since the presence of antibiotics in the environment is harmful to the ecological system, this concern needs to be addressed. Among various methods, biodegradation by harnessing specific enzymes such as laccase to eliminate antibiotics has attracted huge attention due to its excellent ability and performance. In this study, the laccase-encoding gene fromTrametes hirsutawas introduced and integrated into an expression host,Pichia pastoris. Furthermore, the recombinant laccase was then investigated for its potential activity to degrade ampicillin. The enzyme activity was determined using syringaldazine as a substrate, while biodegradation of ampicillin was tested againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureususing disk diffusion assay. The laccase could be successfully expressed inP. pastoriswith the highest activity at 716 U L−1and showed its potential to functionally deactivate ampicillin as an antibacterial. This study indicates that the use of recombinant laccase for the biodegradation of ampicillin is considered a promising approach since it is safe, sustainable, and eco-friendly.
The removal of mercury using Penicillium sp. strain A4 and its toxic effects on fish
Authors: Dewi R S , Yoga G P , Andriyani R , Ridwan Y S , Pujiwati A , Sari A A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that is commonly found in waters and sediments. Mercury and its derivatives are highly toxic). Their presence in the aquatic environment can be very detrimental. Aspergillus fungi are known to reduce Hg levels in pollutants. Our research aim was to evaluate the toxic effect of Hg after being reduced by local isolates of Penicillium sp. strain A4. A toxicity test was conducted on juvenile Caroline platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). The research was conducted by growing fungal isolates on potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium with the addition of Hg at 7 days of incubation. The Hg concentration was measured before and after the incubation. The acute toxicity test was conducted with two serial concentrations: 50% and 100% of PDB-Hg media from fungal removal, as well as one control. The acute toxicity test was carried out for 48 hours and the number of deaths of Xiphophorus maculatus was counted. The results showed a decrease of mercury concentration from 3.14 ppm to 0.797 ppm in PDB-Hg media on the activity of isolates of Penicillium sp. strain A4 resulting in 74.6% mercury removal. Acute toxicity test results showed that concentrations of 50% and 100% of PDB-Hg media caused 100% death of the fish. The results of this study can be used as initial data to determine the quality criteria for waste containing mercury that can be discharged into river bodies and strategies for using fungi applications using local isolates of Penicillium sp. strain A4, which has the potential for wastewater treatment before being discharged into the waters to reduce its toxic effects.
The efficacy of Vetiveria zizanioides in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland for treating textile wastewater
Authors: Rohaningsih D , Henny C , Susanti E , Sudiyono B T , Febrianti D , Waluyo A , Sugiarti  , Lestari F S 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTextile wastewater discharged into rivers often triggers a decrease in water quality and causes harm to its aquatic ecosystem. Textile wastewater, which may contain nutrients, organic compounds, and heavy metals, can be managed using a constructed wetland system. Vetiver grass is known for its ability in treating polluted waters, though the information related to its potential in controlling textile wastewater pollution in riparian areas is still limited. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a pilot scale constructed wetland system using vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) for the removal of several pollutants in a riparian area polluted by textile wastewater. The wastewater flowed horizontally through the sub-surface layer of the system with a hydraulic retention time of two days. The wastewater was diluted to 20%. Three systems were made by varying the porous size of planting media using coarse gravel, fine gravel, and sand. The systems were then run for three months. Of the three constructed wetland systems, the highest removal efficiency (RE) was achieved for the NH4+parameter with an average removal efficiency higher than 60%. The highest nutrient RE was achieved by the system with sand in the growing media, with NH4+RE of more than 80%. RE values were fluctuating until the end of the experiment, which might occur because the system was not yet stable. It may take longer operation time to get a better system performance in removing the pollutants contained in the textile industry waste.
Converting sawdust to biochar and its mineral content: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Rahmat A , Pramudya Y , Triwisesa E 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Indonesia, soil degradation is occurring. A strategy to improve soil conditions is by applying biochar as a soil amendment. On the other hand, Indonesia is an agricultural country with many types of biomass that can be converted into biochar. Sawdust of mahogany, teak, and sappan wood from the furniture industry is easy to find and has great potential as raw materials for biochar. This study used X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine the mineral content of sawdust biochar from mahogany, teak, and sappan wood sawdust, especially the ash fraction. Biochar was created by burning sawdust woods in a furnace at temperatures ranging from 250°C to 350°C. In general, the main mineral (ash fraction) content of wood sawdust biochar was calcium (CaO) at concentrations ranging from 51 to 72%, with sappan sawdust biochar having the highest concentration at 70–72%. The potassium (K2O) concentration ranged from 9–23%, with mahogany sawdust biochar having the highest concentration (23%). The phosphorus (P2O5) content ranged from 2 to 10%, with teak sawdust biochar having the highest concentration at 7–10%. Moreover, teak sawdust contained 15-20% silica, and sappan sawdust biochar contained 6-8% Fe. The mineral content in biochar ash included alkaline cations; if the biochar is applied to the soil, then a mineralization process may occur and the cations could improve pH conditions through a liming mechanism. This result is only general information; further research is required to produce more comprehensive data.
Chromium (VI) bioremediation potential of dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi
Authors: Melati I , Rahayu G , Surono  , Effendi H , Henny C , Susanti E 
Published: June 2023

AbstractManufacturing activities release an extensive quantity of wastes containing hazardous materials like hexavalent chromium [Chromium VI, Cr(VI)] into the surroundings, threatening human health and the ecosystem. Fungi can be utilized as an efficient Cr(VI) remediation implement. The six isolates of dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi (KSP, CPP, PP, DD, K.III.3.4, TKC) were evaluated for their tolerance and removal ability of various Cr(VI) concentrations (10, 30, and 50 mg/L). The quantification of Cr(VI) removal was analyzed using the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide method by UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Hitachi-U 2900). The results showed that all the DSE isolates were highly tolerant to Cr(VI) concentrations up to 50 mg/L with a tolerance index (TI) of 0.89-1.22. These fungal strains showed no significant growth (p > 0.05) from the controls. Furthermore, all test fungi exhibited an efficient removal capacity of up to 99% of 50 mg/L Cr(VI). The results indicated that DSE fungi are potential agents for bioremediation of Cr(VI) polluted surroundings like manufacturing wastewater. It is the first report on the ability of DSE fungi to remove Cr(VI).
Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using mango (Mangifera indica) fruit peel extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Endah E S , Saraswaty V , Ratnaningrum D , Kosasih W , Ardiansyah A , Risdian C , Nugroho P , Aji E S , Setiyanto H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A facile and eco-friendly procedure was developed to fabricate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using an aqueous extract of mango fruit peel (MFP), a by-product of agroindustry. The ZnO NPs were fabricated using zinc acetate as a precursor and MFP extract as a reducing and capping agent in a neutral environment (pH 7). The UV-visible spectrum supported the formation of ZnO NPs, showing a distinctive absorption peak at 368 nm. The presence of a ZnO crystalline phase was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) evaluation demonstrated that the biomolecules present in the MFP extract actively contributed to zinc ion reduction. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, the surface morphology of ZnO NPs showed a mixture of spherical and flake-like shapes with particle sizes ranging from ~20 to ~90 nm. Based on antibacterial analysis using the agar diffusion method, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs at 3% w/v were active against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus with diameter inhibitions of 8, 19, and 10 mm, respectively. In summary, this present work highlights that ZnO NPs can be synthesized using a by-product of agroindustry. More importantly, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs can be applied as an antibacterial agent.
Carbon Dots for Improving Water and Oil Absorption of Sponges
Authors: Isnaeni  , Sugiarto I T , Yudasari N , Mohar R S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An oil spill is one of the hazardous problems in the ocean. Cleaning the oil spill requires expensive and specific technologies. Nowadays, advanced techniques such as skimmers, oil dispersion agents, in-situ burning and solar-heated oil-absorbent are frequently used to solve the problem. For oil-absorbent materials, further, development is still required to enhance oil dan water absorption. Carbon dots is one of the promising nanoparticles that can be used to improve oil absorption. In this work, we conjugated carbon dots made of pencil leads into several types of sponges. The purpose of this work was to improve oil and water absorption. Our experiment results showed that 2 to 5 nanometres size of ethanol soluble carbon dots were successfully synthesized using a simple electrochemical process. UV-Vis absorption and FTIR spectra showed clear energy transition and functional groups in carbon dots. We used six different sponges with various mass densities from 9 to 174 mg/cm3. Conjugation of carbon dots into the sponge was simply done by immersing the sponge in carbon dot solution and drying it. The conjugation made the mass of the sponge increase. We examined the water and oil absorption capacity of each sponge. Oil absorption capacities were different for each sponge. In general, the addition of carbon dots in sponges increased the mass density of sponge water twice. Furthermore, one type of sponge decreased oil absorption capacity after carbon dots conjugation. Other types of sponges showed an improvement of oil absorption capacity by 60% after carbon dot conjugation. We believe that this work can be further improved to get higher water and oil absorption.
Uncaria gambir Roxb. mediated synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles in the presence of triethanolamine as the capping agent
Authors: Labanni Arniati , Arief Syukri , Zulhadjri  , Handayani Dian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabrication has gained great interest especially for pharmaceutical applications due to its excellent antibacterial properties. AgNps are well known for their inhibitory and bactericidal effects both on positive and negative gram bacteria. However, the utilisation of some chemical reducing agents in the synthesis process can be harmful to the environment and the human body. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been successfully conducted using an aqueous extract of Uncaria gambir Roxb. (UGR) leaves as a bioreducing agent and triethanolamine as a capping agent, reacted with aqueous AgNO3 as the precursor. The formation of silver nanoparticles was visually revealed by colour change from yellow to brown. It was also confirmed by UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer analysis by absorption peaks at 402–414 nm. The result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed 5 peaks referring to face-centred cubic silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed that spherical silver nanoparticles with a size range of 2–18 nm with a mean diameter of 8 nm have been formed. The result showed that the addition of 1/50 mL triethanolamine (TEA) could enhance the stability of colloidal nanoparticles and reduce the particle size up to 65%. This study confirmed that UGR aqueous leaf extract can be used to mediate rapid, environmentally friendly, and less expensive silver nanoparticles fabrication.
Distribution of Phenolic Compounds from Ulva Lactuca and Sargassum sp. via Slow-Pyrolysis
Authors: Amrullah A , Farobie O 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Ulva Lactuca and Sargassum sp. are rapidly expanding algae that can be used as a source of bioenergy. Due to its high moisture and inorganic content, the direct use of Ulva Lactuca and Sargassum sp. for energy purposes is deep. Therefore, thermochemical processing, such as pyrolysis, is required to produce useful products, such as bio-oil. This study seeks to undertake a detailed investigation of bio-oil production from Ulva Lactuca and Sargassum sp. to provide useful information for its continued commercialization. The pyrolysis of Ulva Lactuca and Sargassum sp. was investigated for bio-oil production within the temperature range of 400-600 °C and reaction time of 10-50 min. The highest proportion of bio-oil was retrieved at 500 °C with yields between 18.5 and 30.2 wt%. As the pyrolysis temperature rose to 600 °C, the bio-oil yields slightly increased, but the prolonged reaction time did not significantly increase in bio-oil yields. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to elucidate the chemical composition found in the bio-oil product. The results showed that phenolic compounds increased from 9.64 to 16.73 area% with an increase in temperature. The highest phenolic compounds for Ulva Lactuca and Sargassum sp. were obtained at about 13.25% and 16.73%, respectively. The variations in the distribution of total phenols may be due to variations in species, sediment, and surrounding water quality. The high phenolic achieved at the highest possible yield indicates its potential to be used for the production of renewable phenolic resins.
Optimization of edible film production: natural dyes addition
Authors: Andriani D , Karina M , Priatni Sri , Indriyati  , Apriyana A Y , Srikandace Y 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have been conducted to enhance the properties of nata de coco (NDC) based edible films. Previous works include the use of different concentrations of plasticizers, NDC slurry preparation to improve solubility, and the incorporation of essential oils as antibacterial agents. This paper focuses on enhancing the appearance of edible film by adding natural dyes. Commercial natural dyes at varying concentrations were added to the NDC-based edible film formulation and subjected to characterization. The physical properties analysis revealed that the use of natural brown dye from caramelized carrots was the most suitable option. The edible film with 1% v/v brown dye demonstrated 18.701% GL, 20.163 MPa, and 213.900 MPa for elongation, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus, respectively. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of NDC edible film with brown dye also complies with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), measuring 1.395 g/m2. Given the increasing demand for environmentally friendly packaging that also offers food preservation, it is anticipated that further improvements in edible films will continue to be explored in the food industry.
Analysis of rice husk biochar characteristics under different pyrolysis temperature
Authors: Hidayat  , Rahmat A , Nissa R C , Sukamto  , Nuraini L , Nurtanto M , Ramadhani W S 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRice is the main food for Indonesian. In production, it produces rice husk in huge amounts as waste. Rice husks have tough fibers, so their natural decomposing takes a long time. One strategy to take advantage of and add value to rice husk waste is to convert it into biochar. Biochar is a material that produced by a pyrolysis process of organic material, which is beneficial for the soil. The quality of biochar is influenced by pyrolysis temperature. This research aimed to analyze the biochar characteristics under various pyrolysis temperatures. The results showed that increasing the pyrolysis temperature will increase the element concentration of SiO2(ash fraction). On the other hand, increasing the pyrolysis temperature decreases the biochar yield, calorific value, carbon and hydrogen content, and K2O, CaO, P2O5, MnO, and TiO2concentration. The dominant elemental content of biochar (ash fraction) is SiO2with a concentration of 85.35–89.47%. Biochar yield was 37.4–68.18%. The carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content ranged from 31.77–38.11; 1.67–3.61; and 0.63–0.73%, respectively. The calorific value of the biochar ranged from 14.48 to 11.61 MJ/Kg. The highest biochar yield, with the highest carbon, hydrogen, and calorific value content, was obtained using the lowest pyrolysis temperature of 250 °C. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the functional groups in the biochars were O-H, C=O, and C-OH. Following the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis result, the amorphous biochar of rice husk decreases with increasing pyrolysis temperature and vice versa. The rice husk biochar has excellent potential to produce silicate crystals.
Deep eutectic solvent as an eco-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester
Authors: Listiana S , Bahua H , Utami I D , Rahayu M D , Firdayani  , Alifah I , Kusumaningrum S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development of deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a green medium and catalyst for sustainable organic synthesis is expanding due to environmental consciousness. DES components are inexpensive, easy to synthesize, non-toxic, biodegradable, and have tunable physicochemical properties. In this study, DESs were formed by a mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), while oxalic acid, glycerol, and urea acted as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). The formed DESs were then characterized by FTIR and their physicochemical properties. DES was applied as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of hydroxyphenylglycine (HPG) to produce hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester (HPGME), an intermediate material for beta-lactam antibiotics. The result demonstrated that using DES consisting of ChCl-oxalic acid (1:1) could produce HPGME with a yield of 40%. However, further research is essential to investigate the optimum reaction condition, such as the composition of added DES, reaction time, and temperature to obtain a higher yield of HPGME.