bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formate overflow drives toxic folate trapping in MTHFD1 inhibited cancer cells
Authors: Green Alanna C. , Marttila Petra , Kiweler Nicole , Chalkiadaki Christina , Wiita Elisée , Cookson Victoria , Lesur Antoine , Eiden Kim , Bernardin François , Vallin Karl S. A. , Borhade Sanjay , Long Maeve , Ghahe Elahe Kamali , Jiménez-Alonso Julio J. , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Loseva Olga , Mortusewicz Oliver , Meyers Marianne , Viry Elodie , Johansson Annika I. , Hodek Ondřej , Homan Evert , Bonagas Nadilly , Ramos Louise , Sandberg Lars , Frödin Morten , Moussay Etienne , Slipicevic Ana , Letellier Elisabeth , Paggetti Jérôme , Sørensen Claus Storgaard , Helleday Thomas , Henriksson Martin , Meiser Johannes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCancer cells fuel their increased need for nucleotide supply by upregulating one-carbon (1C) metabolism, including the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase–cyclohydrolase 1 and 2 (MTHFD1 and MTHFD2). TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2, and selectively kills cancer cells. Here, we reveal that, in cells, TH9619 targets nuclear MTHFD2 but does not inhibit mitochondrial MTHFD2. Hence, overflow of formate from mitochondria continues in the presence of TH9619. TH9619 inhibits the activity of MTHFD1 occurring downstream of mitochondrial formate release, leading to the accumulation of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, which we term a ‘folate trap’. This results in thymidylate depletion and death of MTHFD2-expressing cancer cells. This previously uncharacterized folate trapping mechanism is exacerbated by physiological hypoxanthine levels that block the de novo purine synthesis pathway, and additionally prevent 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate consumption for purine synthesis. The folate trapping mechanism described here for TH9619 differs from other MTHFD1/2 inhibitors and antifolates. Thus, our findings uncover an approach to attack cancer and reveal a regulatory mechanism in 1C metabolism.
Human and machine translation of occasionalisms in literary texts
Authors: Kolb Waltraud , Dressler Wolfgang U. , Mattiello Elisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Literary occasionalisms, new words coined by writers with a particular poetic aim in view, often pose a great challenge for translators. Given recent advances in machine translation (MT), could literary translators benefit from MT when it comes to the translation of occasionalisms? We address this question by considering the work of Austria’s most important nineteenth-century comedy writer, Johann Nestroy (1801–1862). We compare how human translators and two generic neural MT systems (Google Translate, DeepL) translated occasionalisms (compounds, derivations, and blends) in Nestroy’s play Der Talisman into English. While human translators largely refrained from creating new target expressions, the two MT systems generated a number of viable new coinages, most of them by literal translation procedures. In an interactive human-computer environment, using MT output as a repository from which to retrieve novel target solutions or derive inspiration might open up new avenues in the practice of literary translation.
Sr2+doped CsPbBrI2perovskite nanocrystals coated with ZrO2for applications as white LEDs
Authors: Padhiar Muhammad Amin , Ji Yongqiang , Wang Minqiang , Pan Shusheng , Ali khan Sayed , Khan Noor Zamin , Zhao Lei , Qin Fangrong , Zhao Zhuan , Zhang Shaolin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystals (NCs) feature adjustable bandgap, wide absorption range, and great color purity for robust perovskite optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, the absence of lasting stability under continues energization, is still a major hurdle to the widespread use of NCs in commercial applications. In particular, the reactivity of red-emitting perovskites to environmental surroundings is more sensitive than that of their green counterparts. Here, we present a simple synthesis of ultrathin ZrO2coated, Sr2+doped CsPbBrI2NCs. Introducing divalent Sr2+may significantly eliminate Pb° surface traps, whereas ZrO2encapsulation greatly improves environmental stability. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the Sr2+-doped CsPbBrI2/ZrO2NCs was increased from 50.2% to 87.2% as a direct consequence of the efficient elimination of Pb° surface defects. Moreover, the thickness of the ZrO2thin coating gives remarkable heat resistance and improved water stability. Combining CsPbSr0.3BrI2/ZrO2NCs in a white light emitting diode (LED) with an excellent optical efficiency (100.08 lm W−1), high and a broad gamut 141% (NTSC) standard. This work offers a potential method to suppress Pb° traps by doping with Sr2+and improves the performance of perovskite NCs by ultrathin coating structured ZrO2, consequently enabling their applicability in commercial optical displays.
Universal anomaly of dynamics at phase transition points induced by Pancharatnam-Berry phase
Authors: Zhang Jia-Yuan , Yin Xia , Liu Ming-Yu , Zhao Jize , Ding Yang , Chang Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dynamical anomalies are often observed near both the continuous and first-order phase transition points. We propose that the universal anomalies could originate from the geometric phase effects. A Pancharatnam-Berry phase is accumulated continuously in quantum states with the variation of tuning parameters. Phase transitions are supposed to induce an abrupt shift of the geometric phase. In our multi-level quantum model, the quantum interference induced by the geometric phase could prolong or shorten the relaxation times of excited states at phase transition points, which agrees with the experiments, models under sudden quenches and our semi-classical model. Furthermore, we find that by setting a phase shift of π, the excited state could be decoupled from the ground state by quantum cancellation so that the relaxation time even could diverge to infinity. Our work introduces the geometric phase to the study of conventional phase transitions as well as quantum phase transition, and could substantially extend the dephasing time of qubits for quantum computing.
Detailed look into the unstable S-N border during propagation of the N-zone into the thin YBaCuO film
Authors: Ardaravičius L , Kiprijanovič O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The focus is on the initial processes which change the shape of the bending S-N border during pulsed electrical S-N switching of thin YBaCuO films. These processes were noted on the SEM images of damaged films. The YBaCuO strip samples of high critical current densities were damaged by overcritical current pulses of nanosecond duration. The processes obtain different properties depending on the effective penetration length that the films have. During the N-zone propagation by the channel, led by the top unstable S-N border, an iterative transformation of the S-N border shape takes place. Two sets of the processes at the single transformation step, demonstrating weak and strong coherent jets action, are visualized and described. The origin of coherent jet formation, which is the driving force of the processes, is discussed. A peculiar interpretation of the moving top of the N-zone as a band in the state of Richtmayer-Meshkov instability is also proposed. It appears that devices with elements of the micro-scale dimensions should manifest the ultra-high speed of the S-N switching.
Microstructures, optical and electrochemical properties of advanced Fe0.8Se0.14Si0.06MoO4 nanocrystalline for energy storage applications
Authors: Mansour A M , Fathi A M , Abou Hammad Ali B , El Nahrawy Amany M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Technological progress has raised expectations regarding the growth of energy storage structures. Enhancing the energy density and surface area and producing a high specific capacitance supercapacitor is urgently demanded. The microstructural and optical properties of Fe0.8Se0.14Si0.06MoO4 nanocrystallites produced by the advanced sol-gel technique are investigated. XRD and TEM show that the nanocrystallites have a crystallite nanosize of 15.6 nm and a mean diameter of 14–23.6 nm for the formed monoclinic structure. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the synthesized Fe0.8Se0.14Si0.06MoO4 calcined at 650 °C for 2 h were measured in the range of 200 to 2500 nm. The type and value of the energy band gap were obtained from the diffuse reflectance spectra. Enhancing the energy density and surface area and producing a high specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is urgently required to develop unique positive and negative electroactive nanostructures. The formation of advanced Fe0.8Se0.14Si0.06MoO4 mesoporous structures with large surface areas and adjusted energy band gap could expand more electroactive locations, which supported the contact of the electrode-electrolyte and improved the ion and electron passage through the chemical reactions. The good electrochemical performance of Fe0.8Se0.14Si0.06MoO4 was exhibited with a high specific capacitance of 681.6 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. The specific capacitance decreased to 396.8 F g−1 after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Therefore, Fe0.8Se0.14Si0.06MoO4 was suggested as a promising positive electrode material for energy storage applications.
Testing cosmology with double source lensing
Authors: Sharma Divij , Collett Thomas E. , Linder Eric V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Double source lensing provides a dimensionless ratio of
distance ratios, a “remote viewing” of cosmology through
distances relative to the gravitational lens, beyond the
observer. We use this to test the cosmological framework,
particularly with respect to spatial curvature and the
distance duality relation. We derive a consistency equation
for constant spatial curvature, allowing not only the
investigation of flat vs curved but of the
Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker framework itself.
For distance duality, we demonstrate that the evolution of
the lens mass profile slope must be
controlled to ≳ 5 times tighter fractional precision
than a claimed distance duality violation.
Using LensPop forecasts of double source lensing
systems in Euclid and LSST surveys we also explore constraints
on dark energy equation of state parameters and any
evolution of the lens mass profile slope.
Continuous spectrum on cosmological collider
Authors: Aoki Shuntaro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the effects of a massive field with a continuous spectrum (continuum isocurvaton) on the inflationary bispectrum in the squeezed limit. As a concrete example, we extend the quasi-single field inflation model to include a continuum isocurvaton with a well-motivated spectral density from extra dimensions and focus on a contribution to the bispectrum with a single continuum isocurvaton exchange. In contrast to the usual case without the continuous spectrum, the amplitude of the bispectrum has a damping feature in the deep squeezed limit, which can be strong evidence for the continuous spectrum.
Measurement of angular correlation changes in double-photon emission nuclides using ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Sensui F. , Uenomachi M. , Shimazoe K. , Takahashi H. , Zhihong Z. , Ishijima A. , Nakagawa K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Our group has been developing DPECT (Double Photon Emission CT) to enhance nuclear medicine diagnostics using cascade nuclides that emit multiple gamma rays simultaneously. It is possible to detect the local environment around the nuclide by examining the angular correlation of the emitted cascade gamma-rays. In this study, with the goal of developing a new imaging method combining ultrasound and nuclear medicine, we investigated the effect of ultrasound on cascade gamma-ray emission and found that the angular correlation could be changed by a micro-electric field around 111In in an aqueous solution caused by ultrasound irradiation. Using 8 × 8 array of GAGG scintillators as a detector and Hamamatsu Photonics 8 × 8 MPPCs as a photomultiplier, eight detectors were used and arranged in a ring shape to surround the point source 111In from 360° direction. For the readout system, using a dynamic ToT board, read out its channel information, energy information as ToT signal, and detection time information simultaneously and independently concerning gamma-ray detection. We measured the angular correlation change with four types of ultrasound intensities of 0.05 V, 0.10 V, 0.15 V, and 0.20 V input voltage, and found that the gamma-ray emission angle distribution decreased by about up to 5% around the 90° direction and increased by about up to 5% around 0° and 180° for an ultrasound with an input voltage of 0.15 V or higher.
Chip detection algorithm based on lightweight E-YOLOv5 convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhai Xianyi , Huang Meng , Wei Honglei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To solve the chip location recognition problem, this paper proposes a lightweight E-YOLOv5 based chip detection algorithm based on the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5s) algorithm. For the problem of the difficult distinction between chip detection points and light spots, a simulated exposure algorithm is used to process part of the training set images to enhance model robustness; the existing model network is complex, and EfficientNet, a lightweight feature extraction network, is introduced to reduce the model size; for the problem of imprecise model recognition due to small detection points, Selective Kernel Neural Network (SKNet) module is introduced into EfficientNet is introduced to enhance the feature extraction ability of the model and improve the training efficiency, and Efficient Intersection over Union Loss (EIoU_Loss) is used as the loss function to reduce the false recognition rate. Experiments show that the algorithm in this paper improves by 3.85% and 3.92% in precision, recall rate, 28.89% in loss value, nearly 20% in model size and training time, and 46.67% in image processing speed on CPU compared with YOLOv5s. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms and is able to distinguish and identify chip locations precisely and stably.
Investigation of a novel heat dissipation concept with controllable thermal and EM performance for reliable electronics and communication systems
Authors: Ge Jinqun , Li Chen , Wang Guoan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel efficient heat dissipation concept in electronics with switch controllable thermal and electromagnetic (EM) performance. Besides the traditional implementation of heatsinks on the back of the antenna in communication systems, a passive technique by introducing a reconfigurable heatsink that reuses the air space above the antenna for additional heat dissipation channels is proposed. The non-contact heatsink is lifted with a tiny air gap from the antenna and partially connected with the antenna through physical switches/poles that balance the EM performance and heat dissipation efficiency, which eliminates the negative impact of the heatsink on the antenna EM performance. EM effects of heatsink on the antenna in terms of locations of contacts, states of switches, and various dimensions are thoroughly investigated. To demonstrate the design efficacy for optimized thermal efficiency and EM performance, a properly designed heatsink is implemented on the top of a simple patch antenna. The measured results show that good heat dissipation is achieved without deteriorating the EM performance of the antenna, in respect to return loss, gain, and radiation patterns. When the switches are OFF and ON, the reflection coefficient of the antenna is measured as −20.82 dB and −17.56 dB, respectively. In addition, with a 20 mW heat source at the input port of the antenna to mimic the heat generation from the electronics, the temperature of the antenna surface is reduced with the front-integrated heatsink by 7.4 °C and 13.4 °C when the connection switches are turned OFF and ON. The implementation of the front-integrated heatsink on the antenna fully demonstrates the proposed heat dissipation concept which provides an effective way to solve the tradeoff between thermal inefficiency and EM performance.
Effectual pre-processing with quantization error elimination in pose detector with the aid of image-guided progressive graph convolution network (IGP-GCN) for multi-person pose estimation
Authors: Challapalli Jhansi Rani , Devarakonda Nagaraju 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Multi-person pose estimation (MPE) remains a significant and intricate issue in computer vision. This is considered the human skeleton joint identification issue and resolved by the joint heat map regression network lately. Learning robust and discriminative feature maps is essential for attaining precise pose estimation. Even though the present methodologies established vital progression via feature map’s interlayer fusion and intralevel fusion, some studies show consideration for the combination of these two methodologies. This study focuses upon three phases of pre-processing stages like occlusion elimination, suppression strategy, and heat map methodology to lessen noise within the database. Subsequent to pre-processing errors will be eliminated by employing the quantization phase by embracing the pose detector. Lastly, Image-Guided Progressive Graph Convolution Network (IGP-GCN) has been built for MPE. This IGP-GCN consistently learns rich fundamental spatial information by merging features inside the layers. In order to enhance high-level semantic information and reuse low-level spatial information for correct keypoint representation, this also provides hierarchical connections across feature maps of the same resolution for interlayer fusion. Furthermore, a missing connection between the output high level information and low-level information was noticed. For resolving the issue, the effectual shuffled attention mechanism has been proffered. This shuffle intends to support the cross-channel data interchange between pyramid feature maps, whereas attention creates a trade-off between the high level and low-level representations of output features. This proffered methodology can be called Occlusion Removed_Image Guided Progressive Graph Convolution Network (OccRem_IGP-GCN), and, thus, this can be correlated with the other advanced methodologies. The experimental outcomes exhibit that the OccRem_IGP-GCN methodology attains 98% of accuracy, 93% of sensitivity, 92% of specificity, 88% of f1-score, 42% of relative absolute error, and 30% of mean absolute error.
Klaus Winter – the indefatigable CAM experimentalist
Authors: Holtum Joseph A M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
In January 1972, Klaus Winter submitted his first paper on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) whilst still an undergraduate student in Darmstadt. During the subsequent half-century, he passed his Staatsexamensarbeit, obtained his Dr. rer. nat. summa cum laude and Dr. rer. nat. habil., won a Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize and a Heisenberg Fellowship, and has occupied positions in Germany, Australia, the USA and Panama. Now a doyen in CAM circles, and a Senior Staff Scientist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), he has published over 300 articles, of which about 44 % are about CAM.

Scope
I document Winter’s career, attempting to place his CAM-related scientific output and evolution in the context of factors that have influenced him as he and his science progressed from the 1970s to the 2020s.
A PET-CT study on neuroinflammation in Huntington’s disease patients participating in a randomized trial with laquinimod
Authors: Roussakis Andreas-Antonios , Gennaro Marta , Gordon Mark Forrest , Reilmann Ralf , Borowsky Beth , Rynkowski Gail , Lao-Kaim Nicholas P , Papoutsou Zoe , Savola Juha-Matti , Hayden Michael R , Owen David R , Kalk Nicola , Lingford-Hughes Anne , Gunn Roger N , Searle Graham , Tabrizi Sarah J , Piccini Paola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroglia activation, an indicator of central nervous system inflammation, is believed to contribute to the pathology of Huntington’s disease. Laquinimod is capable of regulating microglia. By targeting the translocator protein, 11C-PBR28 PET-CT imaging can be used to assess the state of regional gliosis in vivo and explore the effects of laquinimod treatment. This study relates to the LEGATO-HD, multi-centre, double-blinded, Phase 2 clinical trial with laquinimod (US National Registration: NCT02215616). Fifteen patients of the UK LEGATO-HD cohort (mean age: 45.2 ± 7.4 years; disease duration: 5.6 ± 3.0 years) were treated with laquinimod (0.5 mg, N = 4; 1.0 mg, N = 6) or placebo (N = 5) daily. All participants had one 11C-PBR28 PET-CT and one brain MRI scan before laquinimod (or placebo) and at the end of treatment (12 months apart). PET imaging data were quantified to produce 11C-PBR28 distribution volume ratios. These ratios were calculated for the caudate and putamen using the reference Logan plot with the corpus callosum as the reference region. Partial volume effect corrections (Müller–Gartner algorithm) were applied. Differences were sought in Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale scores and regional distribution volume ratios between baseline and follow-up and between the two treatment groups (laquinimod versus placebo). No significant change in 11C-PBR28 distribution volume ratios was found post treatment in the caudate and putamen for both those treated with laquinimod (N = 10) and those treated with placebo (N = 5). Over time, the patients treated with laquinimod did not show a significant clinical improvement. Data from the 11C-PBR28 PET-CT study indicate that laquinimod may not have affected regional translocator protein expression and clinical performance over the studied period.
Associations between thalamocortical functional connectivity and sensory over-responsivity in infants at high likelihood for ASD
Authors: Wagner Lauren , Banchik Megan , Okada Nana J , McDonald Nicole , Jeste Shafali S , Bookheimer Susan Y , Green Shulamite A , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite growing evidence implicating thalamic functional connectivity atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it remains unclear how such alterations emerge early in human development. Because the thalamus plays a critical role in sensory processing and neocortical organization early in life, its connectivity with other cortical regions could be key for studying the early onset of core ASD symptoms. Here, we investigated emerging thalamocortical functional connectivity in infants at high (HL) and typical (TL) familial likelihood for ASD in early and late infancy. We report significant thalamo-limbic hyperconnectivity in 1.5-month-old HL infants, and thalamo-cortical hypoconnectivity in prefrontal and motor regions in 9-month-old HL infants. Importantly, early sensory over-responsivity (SOR) symptoms in HL infants predicted a direct trade-off in thalamic connectivity whereby stronger thalamic connectivity with primary sensory regions and basal ganglia was inversely related to connectivity with higher order cortices. This trade-off suggests that ASD may be characterized by early differences in thalamic gating. The patterns reported here could directly underlie atypical sensory processing and attention to social vs. nonsocial stimuli observed in ASD. These findings lend support to a theoretical framework of ASD whereby early disruptions in sensorimotor processing and attentional biases early in life may cascade into core ASD symptomatology.