bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Division of things according to the Austrian General Civil Code of 1811 as a reception of the provisions of Roman private law
Authors: Savuliak R.V. 
Published: February 2023

The General Civil Code of the Austrian Empire in 1811 was extended, including to the Western Ukrainian lands, which were part of it, and was in effect until the mid-late 1930s; and in modern Austria it is still valid today.
The main source of the Austrian General Civil Code of 1811 was first of all pandect law, that is, Roman law recepted and adapted to new conditions. Therefore, the author aimed to investigate the reception of Roman private law (in particular, the provisions of title VIII «On the division of things and their properties» of the first book of Justinian's Digests) when regulating the division of things by the Code.
The article reveals the concepts of things, the division of things according to various criteria and the peculiarities of the legal regimes of various types of things enshrined in the Austrian General Civil Code of 1811; and so, the author found the reception of Roman private law in the legal provisions under consideration.
Namely, the author found out that, in contrast to Roman law, which did not contain a general concept of a thing, such a concept was formulated in the Code. The article highlights the division of things in the Austrian General Civil Code of 1811 into the following types according to the following criteria: according to the subject to which they belong, – state property, private property (including communal possessions and communal property), common (public) possessions and ownerless things; according to their various properties – corporeal and incorporeal, mobile and immobile, consumable and non-consumable, valued and non-valued; and it was also established an allocation by the Austrian legislator of such a legal category as an aggregate thing.
The author analyzed that the classification of things according to various criteria and the regulation of their legal regimes established in the Code actually constitute the reception of Roman private law. However, certain differences were found in the interpretation of immovable things, namely in the understanding of the affiliation of an immovable thing, in particular, appurtenance things. And it was also established that Roman private law did not distinguish between things valued and unvalued, but a sacred thing was not subject to valuation.
Development of new conceptual approaches to determining the forensic characteristics of the leader of organized criminal groups in the economic sphere
Authors: Pashynska І.V. 
Published: February 2023

The article highlights an organized criminal group in the field of economy, as a stable association of persons who have organized themselves for regular joint criminal activity with a selfish purpose and to achieve control in a certain social sphere or in a certain territory. It is noted that the activities of organized criminal groups necessarily involve the assimilation of not only the «technology» of their functions, but also its ideology and psychology: norms оf so-called «hierarchical» behavior andcommunication; norms of discipline in the community; value orientation; recognition systems «own / foreign» and other elements of the criminal subculture.
When studying organized crime in the economic sphere, there are patterns in the nomination of a leader who, in criminal groups, is the organizer and head of all group criminal activity. The leader of an organized criminal group in the economicsphere performs certain functions: organizational, informational, strategic, normative-value and disciplinary. In particular, the leaders of organized criminal groups in the economic sphere are characterized by pragmatism, organizational skills, cunning and the desire to stand out among the group members. In general, the modern leader of an organized criminal community hasthe following characteristics: experience in criminal activity; strong will; fairly high level of mental abilities; the ability to keep one’s word; entrepreneurial spirit; communication skills; determination in actions; speed of orientation and ability to make decisions in difficult situations for the criminal community; the ability to ensure the secrecy of criminal offenses being preparedand initiated; knowledge of internal and external conditions of functioning of economic relations of the state; authoritarianism; cruelty; willingness to do anything to achieve the goal; the ability to subordinate others; belief in one’s own superiority; motivation and dominance of selfinterest - enrichment; lack of empathy; attitude towards people as a tool for achieving one’s goal.On the basis of research, we concluded that the leader of an organized criminal group in the field of economy is a dangerous criminal, an organizer who negatively affects other members of the group and who keeps them in submission and fear. Identifying and exposing him is an extremely difficult task.
The essence and social purpose of advocacy: a comparative legal discourse
Authors: Bysaha Yu. 
Published: February 2023

Advocacy comes from the latin word advocare, which means a person who is turned to when help is needed. In the Middle Ages, an advocatus usually acted as a representative of a feudal lord or an institution, such as a local abbey. As societydeveloped, the concept of advocacy also changed. Today, advocacy still has the same meaning - a person called to advocate for another, but instead of being the spokesman or legal representative of a powerful ruler or church, modern advocatesusually advocate or defend specific interests and rights.Article 59 of the Basic Law of the country proclaims a dogmatic idea, which consists in guaranteeing every citizen, excluding anymanifestation of discrimination, the right to professional legal assistance. In turn, the concentration of the social orientation of the legal profession can be traced in Article 131 with note 2, which delegates the exclusive right to represent public interests in court, as well as defense against criminal charges, to the bar. In turn, the functional purpose of the advocacy as a single, independent, professional, human rights institution, which consists in the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, is implemented on the principles of the rule of law, legality, independence enshrined in the Law of Ukraine «On Advocacy and Advocacy», confidentiality and avoidance of conflict of interest.The development of the rule of law is impossible without the proper functioning of legal institutions whose activities are aimed at protecting human rights and freedoms. First of all, the scope of the professional rights of lawyers and their duties, the degree of independence, the guarantees of practicing the legal profession, the provision of legal assistance to citizens, the professionalism and availability of legal tools, and the observance of human rights in the process of carrying out activities testify to the democracy of the legal profession. Therefore, at this stage of the development of the science of constitutional law,it is extremely relevant and expedient to study the essence and social role of a lawyer in the life of civil society, which is important, through the prism of the provisions of the national and foreign concepts.
The role and place of the advocacy institute in the mechanism of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms
Authors: Belova M.V. , Byelov D.M. 
Published: February 2023

It is indicated that a person in a democratic, legal state is the highest social value, which plays a decisive role in all spheres of material, political, social, spiritual and cultural life. At the same time, each person is individual, original, unique, unique. Its participation in the activities of the legal state depends on the material and spiritual capabilities in the use of its subjectiverights and the voluntary performance of its legal obligations. The legal status of a person consists in his rights, freedoms, and obligations established by legislation, which represent opportunities that turn into reality through their practical implementation.
The authors highlight certain features of the constitutional and legal status of the Institute of Advocacy. The specificity of the legal nature of the institution of advocacy in the mechanism of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms is determined. The place and role of the legal profession among other state authorities has been established.The authors come to the conclusion that the institution of advocacy in the mechanism of protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen is one of the means for self-limitation of state power through the creation and active functioning of an independent human rights institution, which is an active actor in the process of implementing the main constitutional functionof the state - the implementation and protection of rights and freedoms person and citizen. The constitutional and legal status of the bar allows it to actively ensure the rights of not only every person, but also of the entire civil society, to effectively implement the human rights function of the state by ensuring proper interaction in the activities of state authorities and civil society.
The main features of advocacy that reveal its essence in the mechanism of providing legal aid are: 1) advocacy acts as a separate human rights institution; 2) the bar actively interacts with state authorities and institutions of civil society as anequal partner in the mechanism of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms; 3)as part of their professional duty to protect the rights and interests of their clients, lawyers play a significant role in the fair administration of justice. Being an active participant in the mechanism of law enforcement, occupying an independent place in the mechanism of justice, the bar performs (should perform) an important function of public control in this area.
On the question of professional ethics of lawyers: the american model
Authors: Berch V. 
Published: February 2023

A lawyer is a specialist who not only has a higher legal education, but also a lawyer who is called to perform the tasks of providing legal assistance to society in all areas of its life. The essence, content and direction of the lawyer’s activity aredetermined by his main goal - the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person, society and its institutions (including the state) with the help of tools for effective, competent and high-quality legal assistance.Ethics and professional responsibility are key foundations of the legal profession. Being a lawyer means holding yourself to higher standards. Members of the public must trust that lawyers will handle their case with the highest level of skill and with the highest level of attention to ethical principles. Legal ethics is a set of rules of professional behavior of practicing lawyers. These rules focus on regulating the behavior of lawyers in all aspects of legal practice, including relations with clients, the courtand third parties. The aims and legitimate purpose of these rules are to ensure the integrity of the legal profession and to define the duties of the lawyer as a representative of the client, as an official of the legal system and as a citizen who has a special responsibility for the quality of justice.
The standards and requirements of legal ethics derive from a combination of statutory provisions and norms that are widespread in the legal profession. Thus, the American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct, state courtdirectives, state bar association instructions, and ethics experts’ opinions are among the sources of legal ethics.Despite the fact that there is broad uniformity among states regarding legal ethics, the specifics of the rules of professional conduct are determined by each jurisdiction separately.The study of the regulation of the ethical behavior of lawyers in the context of American legislation is valuable and relevant for the legal science of the constitutional law of Ukraine and the conduct of further comparative legal characteristics of the activities of highly competent, professional and fair lawyers.
Kajian Ikonologis Arsitektur dan Interior Masjid Al-Fatih Al-Anshar Makassar
Authors: Reskiya Rahmi , Ananda Nadilah Tri , Nursyam Nursyam 
Published: February 2023

Abstrak_Masjid Al Fatih Al Anshar adalah masjid yang terletak di Jalan Paccinang Raya, Kelurahan Tello, Kecamatan Panakkukang , Kota Makassar. Masjid ini memiliki desain arsitektur yang unik dan menarik. Bentuk fasadnya memliki salah satu sudut yang menyerupai bentuk Ka’bah lengkap dengan Hajar Aswad. Hasil dari penilitian dari tahap deskripsi pra ikonografi diperoleh makna primer yang menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur dan interior masjid Al fatih al anshar memiliki ciri-ciri kegiatan ibadah dalam agama Islam. Tahap analisa ikonografi diperoleh makna sekunder yang menunjukkan bahwa konsep yang digunakan adalah alam semesta yang menunjukkan kebesaran Allah SWT. Tahap interprestasi ikonologis diperoleh makna secara simbolis yaitu bentuk Ka’bah yang merupakan kiblat umat muslim.Kata kunci: Ikonologis; Arsitektur; Interior; Masjid. Abstract_Al Fatih Al Anshar Mosque is a mosque located on Jalan Paccinang Raya, Tello Village, Panakkukang District, Makassar City. This mosque has a unique and attractive architectural design. The shape of the facade has one corner that resembles the shape of the Ka'bah complete with Hajar Aswad. The results of the research from the pre-iconographic description stage obtained primary meanings which showed that the architecture and interior of the Al Fatih al-Masjid Mosque had the characteristics of worship activities in the Islamic religion. The iconographic analysis stage obtained secondary meanings which showed that the concept used was a universe that showed the greatness of Allah SWT. The stage of iconological interpretation obtained symbolically meaning is the form of Ka'bah which is the direction of Muslims.Keywords: Iconologis; Architecture; interior; Mosque.
Correlation between NLR and Ferritin in COVID-19 Patients in ICU Dr. Kariadi Hospital
Authors: Monica Monica , Wulanjani Herniah Asti 
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes mellitus and heart disease comorbid have high morbidity and mortality. Increased neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ferritin assist early screening of disease severity, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Proving relationship between NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. The study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach from July-October 2020 at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Records Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Pearson correlation method significance p<0.05, r 0.3<r<0.5, because normal normality. NLR and Ferritin mean value was 13.91 and 1675 with positive relationship correlation analysis (p=0.012,r=0.437),there was a correlation between NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. Increased NLR of COVID-19 patients due to infiltration of the innate and adaptive immune system in infected tissue,causes decreased circulating lymphocytes and disturbed proliferation caused by increased ferritin as an acute phase reactant protein. The study by Pastora JG,et al,2020,that serum ferritin concentrations were higher in non-survivor. In accordance with this, this increases NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 in the ICU. There is a moderate positive correlation between NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 patients at the ICU, Dr. Kariadi Hospital.
Abnormal Complex Karyotyping in A Patient Suspected of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML-M5): A Case Study
Authors: Purbosari Purbosari , Sukorini Usi , Satria Rahmat Dani , Ratnaningsih Tri , Setyawati Setyawati 
Published: February 2023

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition of immune dysregulation characterized by severe organ damage induced by a hyperinflammatory response and uncontrolled T-cell and macrophage activation. Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) may be prone to develop HLH. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome in AMLpatients with an abnormal complex karyotyping can worsen the patients' prognosis and outcome. A 47-year-old-female presented with prolonged fever, chills, fatigue, weight loss, productive cough, and anemia (blood transfusion (+)). Laboratory findings: hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL, WBC 151.99x103/Î¼L, and platelet count 28x103/Î¼L, peripheral blood 13% blast like cells, 19% promonocytes, 43% atypical (bizarre) monocytes, 25% neutrophils. Levels of CRP>150 mg/L and procalcitonin 82.67 ng/mL, negative HBsAg, and positive IGRA test. Bone marrow morphology showed hypercellularity, decreased thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis, increased granulopoiesis, macrophages, and hemophagocytosis. Karyotyping results: abnormal karyotypes: 46: XX (9 cells), 44: X (-18), 45: XX (-4), 45: XX (+7, -2, -16), 46: XX (chtb (3), chtb (4), chtb (5), chtb (9), chtb (12), chtb (22)), 46: XX (chtb (5), chtb (7)), 46: XX (chtb (6), chtb (12)), 46: XX (dic 2), 46: XX (chtb (1) (q12), chtb (3) (p21)), 46: XX (chtb (X) (q25) ), 46: XX (der (9), dic (9)), t (9:22)), 46: XX ((+ 21), (-13) chtb (2), p (23), t ( 9:22)). The conclusion was abnormal complex karyotyping. High concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and interferon-gamma) secreted by malignant cells and increased phagocytic function of leukemic cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of HLH. Monocytic components (subtypes AML4 and AML5 of the FAB classification) are predisposing factors in cases of AML-related HLH. Cytogenetic abnormalities involving 8p11 and 16p13 are more common in AML-related HLH. Complex genetic abnormalities exacerbate the prognosis of AML, especially in treatment failure. A concluded that was diagnosed with HLH due to AML-M5 with genetic abnormalities of BCR ABL (+), monosomy, trisomy, and multiple chromatid breakage with high mortality. Karyotyping examination is important to determine the prognosis of the disease.
Diagnostic Performance of NLR, Type IV Collagen and Fibrosis Score in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Arsana WA. , Sidharta BRA. , Kurniati A. , Suparyatmo JB. , Pramudianti MID. 
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection cause damage to the liver parenchym and continuous injury resulting in liver fibrosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a non-invasive marker of inflammation. Type IV collagen is a direct marker of hepatic fibrosis indicating transformation of the extracellular matrix of the liver, and its concentration is proportional to the degree of damaged liver cells and impaired liver function. APRI score and FIB-4 index are non-invasive methods for determining the degree of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the performance of the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, type IV collagen and fibrosis score on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. The study design was analytical observational with cross-sectional approach. The subjects included 42 chronic hepatitis B patients who admitted to Internal Medicine Department of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from September to November 2020. The subject were grouped into fibrosis 21(50%) and non fibrosis groups 21(50%) based on transient elastography. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, type IV collagen and fibrosis score cut off point was determined with receiver operating curve (ROC) and diagnostic test was performed with 2x2 table. The cut-off point of 1.89 from the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio obtained sensitivity 61.9% and specificity of 38.1% with an AUC value of 0.524, while type IV collagen with a cut off point of 18.32 ng/mL obtained sensitivity 80.9% and specificity of 42.6% with an AUC of 0.642, a cut off 0.25 from the APRI score obtained a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 61.9% with an AUC of 0.857, and cut-off FIB-4 of 0.68 obtained a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 71.4 with AUC of 0.827. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio with cutoff point of 1.89 has a weak diagnostic value on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Further study by comparing or combining with other markers are needed. Type IV collagen with a cut off of 18.32 ng/mL, APRI score with a cut off of 0.25 and a FIB-4 index with a cut off of 0.68 can be used for screening liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients
Implementation of Six Sigma in Glucose POCT Quality Control at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital
Authors: Oktaviani Susi , Fuadi M. Robiul 
Published: February 2023

Point of Care Testing (POCT) is important for the examination of critically ill patients in the emergency room and intensive care unit. The evaluation of the analytic quality of POCT is needed to ensure the quality of patient care at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analytical quality of POCT at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. This was an observational analytical study that was done at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in July 2017. Point of care testing quality analysis was based on 20 within run Internal Quality Control (IQC). Internal quality control data was used to calculate the mean, SD, and CV%. CV% was calculated with the following equation "CV%=(SD í— 100)/mean". Bias % = [ control mean – control true value]/control true value x 100. The sigma value was obtained from Total Error Allowance (TEa) – Bias/CV. TEa in this study was based on ISO 15197:2003. The results of the glucose examination (58 samples) from Dimension EXL 1, 2, 3 (hexokinase method) compared with 7 glucose POCT (glucose oxidase:i-STAT Nova Biomedical method). The correlation was calculated with Spearman statistical analysis using the SPSS version 23.0. the mean CV of seven POCTs=3.5% (1.7%-5%), mean bias of seven POCT=7.75% (4.8%-12.5%), the mean six sigma of 7 POCT=6.77 (4.0–11.6). The best POCT with a six sigma value of > 6 was glucometer K14_2, Palem 1 and GRIU. The glucometer with the lowest six sigma values but still had good quality control were K14_1 and ROI. All glucometers had a good correlation with r value > 0.8 (p=0.000). Glucose POCT in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital all had good quality and met world-class standards. Further study using IQC 2 levels is recommended for a better POCT quality evaluation.
Kualitas Fisik Pelet Ransum Kelinci yang Mengandung Berbagai Tingkat Trichanthera gigantea
Authors: Alawiyah Annisa Nur , Supratman Rd. Hery , Mansyur - 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Trichanthera gigantea terhadap kualitas fisik pelet ransum kelinci. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian terdiri dari 4 macam perlakuan yaitu P0, P1, P2, dan P3 (0%, 10%, 20% dan 30% Trichanthera gigantea dalam ransum) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Kualitas fisik yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini yaitu densitas, berat jenis, dan durabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh penggunaan Trichanthera gigantea menunjukkan hasil yang perpengaruh nyata terhadap densitas namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat jenis dan durabilitas. Densitas pelet terbaik diperoleh pelet ransum yang mengandung 30% Trichanthera gigantea (605,69 kg/m3).
Kata kunci: Trichanthera gigantea, pelet kelinci, kualitas fisik