bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved disinfection performance for 280 nm LEDs over 254 nm low-pressure UV lamps in community wastewater
Authors: MacIsaac Sean A. , Rauch Kyle D. , Prest Taylor , Simons Richard M. , Gagnon Graham A. , Stoddart Amina K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection has been incorporated into both drinking water and wastewater treatment processes for several decades; however, it comes with negative environmental consequences such as high energy demands and use of mercury. Understanding how to scale and build climate responsive technologies is key in fulfilling the intersection of UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 13. One technology that addresses the drawbacks of conventional wastewater UV disinfection systems, while providing a climate responsive solution, is UV light emitting diodes (LEDs). The objective of this study was to compare performance of bench-scale 280 nm UV LEDs to bench-scale low pressure (LP) lamps and full-scale UV treated wastewater samples. Results from the study demonstrated that UV LED provides robust treatment that outperformed LP systems at the bench-scale. A comparison of relative energy consumptions of UV LEDs at 20 mJcm-2 and LP system at 30 and 40 mJcm-2 was completed. Based on current projections for wall plug efficiencies (WPE) of UV LED it is expected that energy consumption of LED reactors will be on par or lower compared to the LP systems by 2025. This study determined that, at a WPE of 20%, the equivalent UV LED system would lead to a 24.6% and 43.4 % reduction in power consumption for the 30 and 40 mJcm-2 scenarios, respectively.
Examination of Residency Program Websites for the Use of Gendered Language and Imagery
Authors: Read Catherine E. , Tracz Jovanna A. , Mhaimeed Nour , Mainville Rylie N. , Elzie Carrie A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background.
Significant disparity in gender distribution exists among medical specialties. Residency program websites are a main source of preliminary program information for candidates, and website content may influence a prospective applicant’s sense of belongingness within a particular program. Given the importance of the residency program website as a recruiting tool, this study sought to examine and compare the presence of gendered language and imagery on residency program websites across various specialties.
Methods.
A list of words considered masculine or feminine was used to evaluate residency program websites of the two most male-dominated specialties (orthopedic and thoracic surgery), female-dominated specialties (pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology), and gender-balanced specialties (dermatology and family medicine) in the United States in 2022. Forty-five residency programs were randomly selected from each specialty across different regions of the US, with the exception of thoracic surgery of which there are only 33 programs. Masculine and feminine words were evaluated using a parsing and scraping program. Representation of female and male-presenting team members in photos on program websites was also evaluated.
Results.
Masculine wording occurred more frequently in male-dominated specialties compared to gender-balanced (p = 0.0030), but not female-dominated specialties (p = 0.2199). Feminine language was used more frequently in female-dominated compared to male dominated fields (p = 0.0022), but not gender balanced (p = 0.0909). The ratio of masculine-to-feminine words used was significantly higher in male-dominated specialties compared to both gender-balanced (p < 0.0001) and female-dominated specialties. (p < 0.0001). There was an average of 1, 7, and 10 female-presenting residency team members pictured on each male-dominated, gender balanced, and female-dominated specialty RPW respectively, with significantly more female-presenting team members pictured in the photographs on female-dominated specialty websites when compared to male-dominated and gender-balanced specialty websites (p < 0.0001, p = 0.014)
Conclusions.
The use of gendered language and female representation in photographs varies significantly across specialties and is directly correlated with gender representation within the specialty. Given that students’ perceptions of specialty programs may be affected by the use of language and photos on residency program websites, programs should carefully consider the language and pictures depicted on their program websites.
Aminated halloysite/Jute/phenol-formaldehyde composites with enhanced mechanical properties, improved lightweight character and lowered fire hazard
Authors: Shi Jianjun , Zhang Hailei , Wang Yu , Ren Xumin , Ba Xinwu , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Organic fiber can be used as reinforcement in polymeric products, but usually aggravates the burden on fire hazard. On the other hand, the addition of nonflammable inorganic particles would bring concerns to the demand of lightweight. In this study, aminated halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were assembled on the surface of alkali-treated Jute fibers to afford HNTs-NH2@Jute as an organic-inorganic composite fiber with uniform micromorphology. When used as reinforcement in phenolic resins, the obtained HNTs-NH2@Jute@PF showed enhanced mechanical properties, improved lightweight character and lowered fire hazard. HNTs-NH2@Jute can achieve good dispersibility in phenolic matrix, in which the tensile strength and impact toughness increased by 93.9% and 88.3%. The cone calorimetry tests showed that HNTs-NH2@Jute@PF exhibited reduced heat release, lowered smoke production and suppressed carbon dioxide production. Our study afforded a facile approach to construct organic-inorganic composite fiber with enhanced mechanical properties, improved lightweight character and improved flame-retardant abilities, and other potential applications should be desirable.
Protective Effect of Aerobic Training and Micro-curcumin Supplementation on Motor dysfunction in Offspring Mice Exposed to Gestational Lead
Authors: Amooei Maryam , Meshkati Zohreh , Nasiri Rozita , Dakhili Amir Bahador 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate maternal aerobic training and curcumin (Cur) supplementation in protecting motor function (e.g., muscle strength and muscle relaxant activity) from the harmful effects of maternal lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) exposure in female and male offspring BALB/c mice. The experimental groups included healthy group, intraperitoneally Micro-Cur-treated group (50 mg/kg of body weight), aerobic training group (once a day during 8 weeks of experiments), aerobic training group exposed to Pb(NO3)2 (2 mg/kg) through drinking water during breeding and pregnancy, and aerobic training group treated with Micro-Cur and exposed to Pb(NO3)2 through drinking water during breeding and pregnancy. The pre-pregnancy training program was performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks at a speed of 10 to 12 m/min (75% VO2 max). All offspring were grouped based on the maternal groups, and the motor function was evaluated using inclined plane, linear wire hang, and grip strength tests. Our results indicated that maternal Pb(NO3)2 exposure significantly decreased muscle strength and muscle relaxant activity, especially in males. These adverse effects were compensated by maternal aerobic training and Cur supplementation. The maximum of this compensation was observed in the maternal aerobic training group treated with Cur supplementation. Moreover, maternal aerobic training and Cur supplementation synergistically protected motor function in offspring mice from the adverse effects of maternal Pb(NO3)2 exposure, probably through different physiological mechanisms.
Combined use of CRP with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in differentiating between infectious and noninfectious inflammation in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Beberashvili Ilia , Omar Muhammad Abu , Nizri Elad , Stav Kobi , Efrati Shai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We tested whether CRP combined with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) optimizes the prediction of infectious inflammation in hemodialysis patients. We conducted a retrospective study of 774 (mean age 71.1 ± 12.8 years, 35% women) hemodialysis patients from our institution, hospitalized between 2007 and 2021 for various reasons, with CRP levels available at admission. Infection was defined according to the International Sepsis Definition Conference criteria. An algorithm for the optimal CRP and NLR cutoff points for predicting infection was developed based on a decision tree analysis in the training cohort (n = 620) and then tested in the validation cohort (n = 154). A CRP level above 40 mg/L (obtained as the cutoff point in predicting infections in the training group, using ROC curve analysis) predicted an infection diagnosis with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 76% with an odds ratio (OR) of 10.56 (95% CI: 6.47–17.23), according to a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Whereas, CRP levels above 23 mg/L together with an NLR above 9.7 predicted an infection diagnosis with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 84% with an OR of 18.13 (95% CI: 7.42–44.30). All these results were reproduced in the validation set. Combined use of CRP with NLR may lower the CRP cutoff point in distinguishing between infectious and noninfectious inflammation in hemodialysis patients.
Changes in the Facial Microbiome in Healthy Women After Wearing Masks during COVID-2019
Authors: Sun Qinmiao , Huang Chenyang , Wu Yinhua , Zhang Yu , Yang Shigui , Li Ang , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wearing masks has become a new normal in our daily lives because of the global outbreak of COVID-2019 (COVID-19). To compare the differences in the facial microbiota of healthy women before and after wearing masks and to further explore the probable effect of the habits of regularly wearing masks on the facial microbiome, we re-enrolled the same 19 healthy female participants in our previous study and detected the microbial composition of facial DNA samples using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Both alpha and beta diversity, and the abundance and function of facial microflora of recruited healthy women changed remarkably before and after wearing masks. The destination with different air quality indices, which ever was the strongest factor on microbial composition before wearing masks, no longer contributed to both microbiota composition and pathway after wearing masks. Sufficient sleep protected skin from sensitivity and apoptosis, which might be related to Prevotella expression and the function of cytochrome c. Maskne was the common complication of wearing masks. Suitable mask-wearing habits should be recommended to avoid facial skin problems.
A System Dynamics model for the water balance of Lake Bracciano (Lazio, Italy)
Authors: Falconi Luca Maria , Mecali Alessandro , Musmeci Fabio , Proposito Marco , Taviani Sara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lakes play a key role in both natural ecosystems and human activities, being rare hotspots of biodiversity and providing essential ecosystem services. In recent decades, lake systems around the world have been affected by multiple stressors related to climate and human activity. The environmental crisis makes the implementation of simple and low-cost, easily applicable and reliable methodologies for the sustainable management of water resources an urgent and necessary need. In this paper, a simulation model based on the System Dynamics method and supported by a GIS-based spatial analysis is presented. Using hydro-meteorological and socio-economic public data from 1970 to 2019 and following the multi-step path of trial, error and redoing, the study provides an application of the water balance of a significative lake-aquifer system. The water resource of Lake Bracciano (Lazio, Italy) is an emblematic example of the current critical issues, playing a strategic role both in the survival of a protected natural area and in the water supply system of the urban and extra-urban areas of the city of Rome. The aim of the study is to investigate the reliability of the System Dynamic approach in evaluating the main driving forces influencing the lake’s water balance and their interactions with the lake’s water level. The results evidence that System Dynamics may constitute a suitable quali-quantitative approach able to efficiently support land planning, environmental protection and optimization of the use of water resources.
Experimental studies from shake flasks to 3L stirred tank bioreactor of nutrients and oxygen supply conditions to improve the growth of the avian cell line DuckCelt® -T17
Authors: Tingaud Valentine , Bordes Claire , Mouazen Eyad Al , Cogné Claudia , Bolzinger Marie-Alexandrine , Lawton Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To produce viral vaccines, avian cell lines are interesting alternatives to replace the egg-derived processes for viruses that do not grow well on mammalian cells. The avian suspension cell line DuckCelt®-T17 was previously studied and investigated to produce a live attenuated metapneumovirus (hMPV)/respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus vaccines. However, a better understanding of its culture process is necessary for an efficient production of viral particles in bioreactors.
Results
The growth and metabolic requirements of the avian cell line DuckCelt®-T17 were investigated to improve its cultivation parameters. Several nutrient supplementation strategies were studied in shake flasks highlighting the interest of i) replacing L-glutamine by glutamax as main nutrient or ii) adding these two nutrients in the serum-free growth medium in a fed-batch strategy. The scale-up in a 3L bioreactor was successful for these types of strategies confirming their efficiencies in improving the cells’ growth and viability. Moreover, a perfusion feasibility test allowed to achieve up to ~ 3 times the maximum number of viable cells obtained with the batch or fed-batch strategies. Finally, a strong oxygen supply – 50% dO2 – had a deleterious effect on DuckCelt®-T17 viability, certainly because of the greater hydrodynamic stress imposed
Conclusions
The culture process using glutamax supplementation with a batch or a fed-batch strategy was successfully scaled-up to 3L bioreactor. In addition, perfusion appeared as a very promising culture process for subsequent continuous virus harvesting.
Regular polygon central configuration of the planar 1+N-body problem
Authors: Chen Jian , Bi Peng , Yang Mingfang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In 1985, Perko, L.M. and Walter, E.L. [1] proved that N (N ≥4) bodies located at the vertices of a regular polygon form a central configuration if and only if all bodies have the same mass. In 2018, Chen, J. and Luo, J. [2] proved that the configuration which N (N ≥3) bodies are at the vertices of a regular polygon with the N+1-th body located at the center of the polygon is a central configuration if and only if the former N bodies have the same mass. In this paper, we proved that N (N ≥3) infinitesimal bodies located at the vertices of a regular polygon with a dominant body located at the center of the polygon form a central configuration of the planar 1+N -body problem if and only if the masses of all the infinitesimal bodies are equal when N is odd and the masses of the alternate infinitesimal bodies are equal when N is even.
Analysis and Experimental Tests of a Solid-State Fault Current Limiter
Authors: Bitencourt Alexandre , Nogueira Cauê , Santos Gabriel , Dias Daniel , França Bruno , Sass Felipe , Sotelo Guilherme 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The increase in distribution power demand and distributed generation may lead to a rise in power substation fault current levels. One possible solution to this problem is the use of a Solid-State Fault Current Limiter (SS-FCL). In this context, this paper proposes the concept of a bridge-type solid-state device switching an air-core reactor as an SS-FCL topology. The overvoltage protection system details are presented, along with an explanation of the fault detection algorithm control's principle. An experimental setup is designed to evaluate various events in addition to the short circuit, such as load-steps, harmonic loads, motor startups and transformer’s inrush. Fault current is detected within one millisecond, with a total reduction of 42%. The overvoltage protection system clamped the peak voltage across the semiconductor switch and kept the dv/dt below the maximum stipulated. The load input tests showed a proper limiting operation, provided the device is within the parameterization range.
A geometric morphometric approach to testing discrete categories of backed flakes from recurrent centripetal core reduction
Authors: Bustos-Pérez Guillermo , Gravina Brad , Brenet Michel , Romagnoli Francesca 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Paleolithic lithic assemblages are usually dominated by flakes, which display a high degree of morphological variability. When analyzing Paleolithic lithic assemblages, it is common to classify flakes into categories based on their morphological and technological features, which are linked to the position of the flake in a reduction sequence and how removals are organized in a given production method. For the analysis of Middle Paleolithic lithic assemblages, two categories of flakes are commonly used: core edge flakes and pseudo-Levallois points. A third type, core edge flakes with a limited back, is also commonly found in the archaeological literature, providing an alternative category with a definition that does not match the two previous types but shares many of their morphological and technological features. The present study addresses whether these three flakes constitute discrete categories based on their morphological and technological attributes. Geometric morphometrics are employed on an experimental set composed of the three categories of flakes to quantify morphological variation. Machine learning models and principal components biplots are used to test the discreteness of the categories. The results indicate that geometric morphometrics succeed in capturing the morphological and technological features that characterize each type of product. Pseudo-Levallois points have the highest discreteness of the three technological products, and while some degree of mixture exists between core edge flakes and core edge flakes with a limited back, they are also highly distinguishable. We conclude that the three categories are discrete and can be employed in technological lists of products for the analysis of lithic assemblages and that geometric morphometrics is useful for testing for the validity of categories.
Regulated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process in Pandemic-Time Asset Pricing of Stocks and Derivatives
Authors: Sani Sulaiman , Y. Peter Mhone , Mhlongo Mfundo , Daman Onkabetse A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present the properties of a regularly varying Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (regulated-OU) process and design the methodology for transforming its sub-exponential tail in the dominated regime. We demonstrate how the regulated-OU models arbitrage-free price of financial assets in non-normal trading times like trading an asset during a pandemic.
A microbial causal mediation analytic tool for health disparity and applications in body mass index
Authors: Wang Chan , Ahn Jiyoung , Tarpey Thaddeus , Yi Stella S. , Hayes Richard B. , Li Huilin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests the potential mediating role of microbiome in health disparities. However, no analytic framework is available to analyze microbiome as a mediator between health disparity and clinical outcome, due to the unique structure of microbiome data, including high dimensionality, sparsity, and compositionality.
Methods: Considering the modifiable and quantitative features of microbiome, we propose a microbial causal mediation model framework, SparseMCMM_HD, to uncover the mediating role of microbiome in health disparities, by depicting a plausible path from a non-manipulable exposure (e.g. race or region) to a continuous outcome through microbiome. The proposed SparseMCMM_HD rigorously defines and quantifies the manipulable disparity measure that would be eliminated by equalizing microbiome profiles between comparison and reference groups. Moreover, two tests checking the impact of microbiome on health disparity are proposed.
Results: Through three body mass index (BMI) studies selected from the curatedMetagenomicData 3.4.2 package and the American gut project: China vs. USA, China vs. UK, and Asian or Pacific Islander (API) vs. Caucasian, we exhibit the utility of the proposed SparseMCMM_HD framework for investigating microbiome’s contributions in health disparities. Specifically, BMI exhibits disparities and microbial community diversities are significantly distinctive between the reference and comparison groups in all three applications. By employing SparseMCMM_HD, we illustrate that microbiome plays a crucial role in explaining the disparities in BMI between races or regions. 11.99%, 12.90%, and 7.4% of the overall disparity in BMI in China-USA, China-UK, and API-Caucasian comparisons, respectively, would be eliminated if the between-group microbiome profiles were equalized; and 15, 21, and 12 species are identified to play the mediating role respectively.
Conclusions: The proposed SparseMCMM_HD is an effective and validated tool to elucidate the mediating role of microbiome in health disparity. Three BMI applications shed light on the utility of microbiome in reducing BMI disparity by manipulating microbial profiles.
Integrating seascape resistances and gene flow to produce area-based metrics of functional connectivity for marine conservation planning
Authors: Wilcox Mark A. , Jeffery Nicholas W. , DiBacco Claudio , Bradbury Ian R. , Lowen Ben , Wang Zeliang , Beiko Robert G. , Stanley Ryan R. E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Context
Prioritizing regions that facilitate connectivity among populations is an essential principle for conservation planning. However, the lack of conspicuous geographical and environmental features that constrain dispersal and geneflow throughout life history challenges the characterization of dispersal pathways within a three-dimensional marine realm.
Objectives
To elucidate regions of high connectivity value in the marine environment, we develop a novel approach that integrates estimates of spatial genetic structure with representation of regions of high dispersal potential for meroplankton, incorporating elements of pelagic larval and benthic adult life history.
Methods
Spatial patterns of connectivity were characterized using circuit theory as an inverse function oceanographic- and habitat-based resistance to movement. We integrate emergent spatial patterns of connectivity with population genetic data to account for realized patterns of geneflow across a seascape. We apply this approach to four broadly distributed species in the Northwest Atlantic.
Results
Estimates of resistance to gene flow revealed multiple connectivity barriers not observed in oceanographic or habitat models. Comparison of isolation-by-distance versus isolation-by-resistance revealed genetic variation was best explained by seascape resistance in three of four species, supporting the resistance-based assessments of connectivity. Our approach identified areas of high and low connectivity value for each species, with overlap generally associated with geographic pinch points and areas of low genetic exchange.
Conclusions
By integrating spatial interpolations of gene flow and estimated pathways for dispersal, we develop a novel area-based metric of connectivity that considers life-history based structural constraints to dispersal and observed genetic variation. Outputs from this workflow can reveal regions of connectivity for conservation planning.