bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining event-related desynchronization onset latency of foot dorsiflexion in people with multiple sclerosis using the cluster depth tests
Authors: Carrere L Carolina , Furios Julián , Biurrun Manresa José A , Ballario Carlos H , Tabernig Carolina B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks structures of the central nervous system, resulting in lesions that can occur throughout the brain and spinal cord. Cortical lesions, in particular, can contribute to motor dysfunction. Walking disability is reported as the main impairment by people with MS (pwMS), often due to limited ankle movement. This study explored the event-related desynchronization (ERD) onset latency of the sensorimotor rhythms during foot dorsiflexion in pwMS computed using an objective and independent of human criterion method, as an electroencephalogram (EEG) based biomarker. EEG signals were recorded in eight persons with neither neurological condition nor motor dysfunction and eight pwMS with relapsing-remitting, primary progressive or secondary progressive MS. Recordings were divided into three groups: control, more affected lower limb and less affected lower limb. The ERD-onset latency was determined using a method based on the percent of ERD time course and the cluster depth tests. The median and interquartile range of the ERD-onset latency were 1186.0 (1100.0, 1250.0) ms; 1064.0 (1031.0, 1127.0) ms for the more and less affected groups respectively, whereas the median and interquartile range for the control group was 656.0 (472.2, 950.0) ms. There was a significant delay in the ERD-onset latencies of the pwMS groups compared to the control group (p<0.001 for both comparisons). These findings suggest that the ERD-onset latency computed using the proposed method could be used as an EEG biomarker to evaluate disease progression or therapeutic interventions in pwMS.
Robustness of diabatic enhancement in quantum annealing
Authors: Feinstein Natasha , Shalashilin Ivan , Bose Sougato , Warburton P A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In adiabatic quantum annealing, the speed with which an anneal can be run, while still achieving a high final ground state (GS) fidelity, is dictated by the size of the minimum gap that appears between the ground and first excited state in the annealing spectrum. To avoid the exponential slowdown associated with exponentially closing gaps, diabatic transitions to higher energy levels may be exploited in such a way that the system returns to the GS before the end of the anneal. In certain cases, this is facilitated by the original annealing spectrum. However, there are also examples where careful manipulation of the annealing Hamiltonian has been used to alter the spectrum to create a diabatic path to the GS. Since diabatic transitions depend on the evolution rate and the gap sizes in the spectrum, it is important to consider the sensitivity of any potential enhancement to changes in the anneal time as well as any parameters involved in the manipulation of the spectrum. We explore this sensitivity using annealing spectra containing an exponentially closing gap and an additional, tuneable, small gap created by a catalyst. We find that there is a trade-off between the precision needed in the catalyst strength and the anneal time in order to maintain the enhancement to the final GS fidelity.
Nanosecond pulsed current source for light emitting diode (LED) driven photoacoustic signal acquisition systems
Authors: Das Avishek , Pramanik Manojit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is gaining attention for its non-invasive diagnostic capabilities. Traditionally, bulky and expensive laser systems have been used as excitation light sources in PAI, posing challenges for translation and remote applications. High-power light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be an alternative light source. However, the necessary driver circuitry has not been extensively studied for driving the nanoseconds pulsed LEDs. This study develops and demonstrate for the first time the full circuit, performance, optimization and operating procedures of a nanosecond pulsed current source (NSPCS) to drive a high-power, high-speed LED array for PAI. The NSPCS driver can deliver tunable pulsed LED currents between 0 and 20 A, pulse widths of 50–100 ns, and trigger pulse repetition rates up to 20 kHz, achieving a driver efficiency of 58.27%. It can drive an array of 37 high-power LEDs (850 nm wavelength) with an electrical-to-optical efficiency of 24.8%. Illumination with this LED array produced a photoacoustic signal (after 79 dB amplification with low-noise amplifier) of 3.92 V (peak-to-peak) and a signal-to-noise ratio of 79.36 dB. The NSPCS circuit has demonstrated effective generation of tunable high-current pulses for LED-based PAI applications.
Barriers and drivers of near-term climate change mitigation: a Canadian case study
Authors: Sauer Jeffrey , Posen I Daniel , Saxe Shoshanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work investigates, through semi-structured interviews, the prospects for rapid transitions towards low-carbon civil infrastructure systems. Rapid greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation is critical to facilitate the near-term (i.e. within five years) reductions needed to limit global temperature rise to 2 °C. In addition, ongoing delays in climate action in many countries and sectors mean that rapid interventions will be needed in the 2030s and 2040s as climate change evolves and the need to mitigate becomes more urgent. This work examines, among twenty decisionmakers involved in developing, operating, or using Canadian infrastructure: (1) ongoing and expected near-term GHG mitigation actions (2) barriers constraining faster change, and (3) mitigation goals and expectations of the near future. Interviews were coded to identify common perspectives. Results indicate that organizations prioritize enabling deep change in a more distant future over executing rapid change, that detailed roadmaps for meeting near-term (e.g. 2030) goals were rare, and that participants view government policy certainty as crucial to near-term action. This work identifies deficits in action on the near-term scale and aids policymakers and decisionmakers by describing planned near-term mitigation actions and assessing barriers to going faster.
The Ethics of Public Health Paternalism
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Ethics of Public Health Paternalism is about policies that try to stop people damaging their own health. From the point of view of public health advocates, if people did not smoke, or drank less alcohol, or kept off junk food and sugary liquids, they would tend to be healthier. Hence such tactics as taxing tobacco, restricting the sale of alcohol, and limiting the density of fast-food outlets. These tactics are often pejoratively described as the actions of a ‘nanny state’ that overvalues health and wrongly infringes on the autonomy of adults. But many of us want to be healthy rather than ill, and alive rather than dead. Does a state really nanny us when it uses its power to make us healthier? If it does, should it stop? Some public health policies might reduce inequities of health, or save costs in medical treatment, or correct market failures. But, as this book shows, many would not. The best case for many public health interventions is paternalistic, aiming to steer people away from making unhealthy choices against their own interests. But even though it is the best case, it often fails. It advocates overvalue health and undervalue autonomy. They exaggerate the influence of addiction and the marketing of unhealthy products. Except for smoking, we do not have the evidence needed to show that unhealthy choices are so mistaken as to justify the interventions. Many public health interventions probably make their targets worse off and infringe on their autonomy without having compensating benefits to other people.
Public Health and the Nanny State
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One aim of public health is to stop people damaging their own health, and this aim invites the nanny state objection. Contrary to what some in public health say, this objection should be taken seriously. One can object to the overreach of public health without being a doctrinaire neoliberal or a cynical defender of corporate interests. The objection has three parts: that public health interventions overvalue health (the ‘healthism’ objection), that they infringe on autonomy (the autonomy objection), and that they do not work (scepticism). The chapter gives examples where exercises of public health power have failed or been abused, but points out that some interventions have succeeded in their own terms. The book then works through healthism and autonomy.
The Limited and Variable Value of Health
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Because health is not so overwhelmingly important in our lives that we should never give it up, a public health policy could make people worse off even when it succeeds in making them healthier. And because people vary in how they would trade off health against other benefits, a public health policy could be good for some people but bad for others. These two points seem obvious, but they are often overlooked by public health advocates when they argue for their policies. It is an open question whether even successful public health policies would be ethically justifiable.
The Value of Health and a Challenge to Public Health
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The value of a health benefit depends upon the extent to which it fulfils ultimate preferences. While people’s unhealthy behaviour could be against their interests if they make factual mistakes or are not motivated to do what they themselves think best, it could not be against their interests just because they valued other things more than health. This chapter defends that claim against those who might say that values are objective or preferences are adaptive. It qualifies the claim after considering anorexia nervosa. We then come to a challenge: how could public health interventions that reduce people’s options make them better off? This challenge cannot be avoided by saying that unhealthy behaviour is due to poverty, or manipulation, or addiction.
Applications
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smoking is probably against most smokers’ interests but drinking alcohol and consuming junk food and sugary drinks are probably not against the interests of most drinkers and eaters. This chapter considers evidence about regrets, addictions, and attempts to quit or otherwise reverse unhealthy behaviour. The evidence gives strong support for thinking that paternalistically regulating smoking can, in principle, make people better off. But the evidence is much weaker when it comes to alcohol and fattening food and drink. In part, the reason is an absence of evidence. Although researchers have studied the effects of regulations on behaviour and the effects of behaviour on health, they have not done much to connect people’s health to their ultimate preferences. Insofar as we have evidence, it implies that only relatively few eaters and drinkers (whether of alcohol or sugary drinks) make mistakes about their interests. Even if this observation is correct, the paternalistic case for regulation is not lost. But it is in trouble.
Health Equity and Distributive Ethics
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public health interventions would often be inequitable unless the worse off were mistaken in pursuing their interests; and we often have no good reason to think they are mistaken. The chapter argues as follows: reducing the well-being of the worst off is inequitable; public health interventions often reduce choice; when they do, they would tend to make the worst off worse off, not better off, except when choosing unhealthy options is a mistake. Since reducing choice to stop people making mistakes is paternalistic, the equity case for preventive regulations presupposes paternalism. Moreover, advocates make unsupported claims about the choosing abilities of the worst off and, contrary to their claims, public health interventions may well be inequitable. The chapter concludes by considering an argument for burdening the majority to save a minority from alcoholism. This argument has difficulties but cannot be dismissed.
What Is Left for Public Health?
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public health taxes, bans, and other restrictive regulations will tend to make their targets worse off even if they end up healthier. The main exceptions are interventions to reduce smoking. And restrictive interventions infringe on autonomy. They thus seem wrong. These conclusions leave plenty of space for public health interventions, and redistributive social and economic policies; just not ones justified by paternalistic arguments. The chapter concludes with a checklist of questions to ask about the ethics of public health interventions, emphasizing the importance of remembering that people can be made healthier but worse off.
Effect of microemulsion system on water dispersibility and bioavailability of γ-oryzanol
Authors: Ito Junya , Kumagai Naoko , Suzuki Ayaka , Shoji Naoki , Parida Isabella Supardi , Takahashi Mamoru , Nakagawa Kiyotaka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study developed water-dispersible γ-oryzanol (WD-OZ) using a microemulsion system and assessed their absorption in rats. While OZ itself is hardly soluble in water, WD-OZ exhibited high water dispersibility, and OZ, along with its metabolites, was detected in rat plasma. These findings provide a solid basis for future application of the microemulsion-based approach to enhance the bioavailability of OZ in food.
FRPR-1, a G protein-coupled receptor in the FMRFamide-related peptide receptor family, modulates larval development as a receptor candidate of the FMRFamide-like peptide FLP-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Une Risako , Uegaki Riko , Maega Sho , Ono Masahiro , Bito Tomohiro , Iwasaki Takashi , Shiraishi Akira , Satake Honoo , Kawano Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) and their receptors, FMRFamide-related peptide receptors (FRPRs) are widely conserved in free-living and parasitic nematodes. Herein, we identified FRPR-1 as an FLP-1 receptor candidate involved in larval development and diapause in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our molecular genetic study, supported by in silico research, revealed the following: (1) frpr-1 loss-of-function completely suppresses the promotion of larval diapause caused by flp-1 overexpression; (2) AlphaFold2 analysis revealed the binding of FLP-1 to FRPR-1; (3) FRPR-1 as well as FLP-1 modulates the production and secretion of the predominant insulin-like peptide DAF-28, which is produced in ASI neurons; and (4) the suppression of larval diapause by frpr-1 loss-of-function is completely suppressed by a daf-28 defect. Thus, FRPR-1 regulates larval development and diapause by modulating DAF-28 production and secretion. This study may provide new insights into the development of novel nematicides targeting parasitic nematodes using FRPR-1 inhibitors.
Multi-source biological knowledge-guided hypergraph spatiotemporal subnetwork embedding for protein complex identification
Authors: Wang Shilong , Cui Hai , Qu Yanchen , Zhang Yijia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Identifying biologically significant protein complexes from protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and understanding their roles are essential for elucidating protein functions, life processes, and disease mechanisms. Current methods typically rely on static PPI networks and model PPI data as pairwise relationships, which presents several limitations. Firstly, static PPI networks do not adequately represent the scopes and temporal dynamics of protein interactions. Secondly, a large amount of available biological resources have not been fully integrated. Moreover, PPIs in biological systems are not merely one-to-one relationships but involve higher order non-pairwise interactions. To alleviate these issues, we propose HGST, a multi-source biological knowledge-guided hypergraph spatiotemporal subnetwork (subnet) embedding method for identifying biologically significant protein complexes from PPI networks. HGST initially constructs spatiotemporal PPI subnets using the scopes and temporal dynamics of proteins derived from multi-source biological knowledge, treating them as dynamic networks through fine-grained spatiotemporal partitioning. The spatiotemporal subnets are then transformed into hypergraphs, which model higher order non-pairwise relationships via hypergraph embedding. Simultaneously, fine-grained amino acid sequence features and coarse-grained gene ontology attributes are introduced for multi-dimensional feature fusion. Finally, protein complexes are identified from the reweighted subnets based on fused feature representations using the core-attachment strategy. Evaluations on four real PPI datasets demonstrate that HGST achieves competitive performance. Furthermore, a series of biological analyses confirm the high biological significance of the complexes identified by HGST. The source code is available at https://github.com/qifen37/HGST.
Seizures and premature death in mice with targeted Kv1.1 deficiency in corticolimbic circuits
Authors: Paulhus Kelsey , Glasscock Edward 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related death, likely stemming from seizure activity disrupting vital brain centres controlling heart and breathing function. However, understanding of SUDEP's anatomical basis and mechanisms remains limited, hampering risk evaluation and prevention strategies. Prior studies using a neuron-specific Kcna1 conditional knockout mouse model of SUDEP identified the primary importance of brain-driven mechanisms contributing to sudden death and cardiorespiratory dysregulation; yet, the underlying neurocircuits have not been identified. Using the Emx1-Cre driver, we generated a new conditional knockout mouse model lacking Kcna1 in excitatory neurons of the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and select vagal afferents. To test whether the absence of Kv1.1 in forebrain corticolimbic circuits is sufficient to induce spontaneous seizures, premature mortality and cardiorespiratory dysfunction, we performed survival studies and EEG, ECG, and plethysmography (EEG-ECG-Pleth) recordings. We demonstrate premature death and epilepsy in corticolimbic conditional knockout mice. During monitoring, we fortuitously captured one SUDEP event, which showed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that initiated respiratory dysfunction culminating in cardiorespiratory failure. In addition, we observed that cardiorespiratory abnormalities are common during non-fatal seizures in conditional knockout mice, but mostly absent during interictal periods, implying ictal, not interictal, cardiorespiratory impairment as a more reliable indicator of SUDEP risk. These results point to corticolimbic excitatory neurons as critical neural substrates in SUDEP and affirm seizure-related respiratory and cardiac failure as a likely cause of death.
Clinical characteristics and biomarker profile in early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease: the Shanghai Memory Study
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Jing , Xiao Zhenxu , Lu Jiaying , Ma Xiaoxi , Zhou Xiaowen , Wu Yuhan , Liang Xiaoniu , Zheng Li , Ding Ding , Zhang Huiwei , Guan Yihui , Zuo Chuantao , Zhao Qianhua ,   the Shanghai Memory Study, Zhao Qianhua , Zuo Chuantao , Ding Ding , Guan Yihui , Zhang Huiwei , Lu Jiaying , Bao Weiqi , Zheng Li , Liang Xiaoniu , Wang Jing , Xiao Zhenxu , Ma Xiaoxi , Wu Jie , Wang Jie , Zhou Xiaowen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease constitutes ∼5–10% of Alzheimer’s disease. Its clinical characteristics and biomarker profiles are not well documented. To compare the characteristics covering clinical, neuropsychological and biomarker profiles between patients with early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, we enrolled 203 patients (late-onset Alzheimer’s disease = 99; early-onset Alzheimer’s disease = 104) from a Chinese hospital-based cohort, the Shanghai Memory Study. A full panel of plasma biomarkers under the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration framework including plasma amyloid beta 40, amyloid beta 42, total-tau, neurofilament light chain and phosphorylated tau 181 were assayed using ultra-sensitive Simoa technology. Seventy-five patients underwent an amyloid molecular positron emission tomography scan whereas 43 received comprehensive amyloid, Tau deposition and hypometabolism analysis. Clinical features, plasma and imaging biomarkers were compared cross-sectionally. Compared to those with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease presented more severe impairment in language function, lower frequency of APOE ɛ4 and lower levels of plasma neurofilament light chain (all P &lt; 0.05). The plasma phosphorylated tau 181 concentration and phosphorylated tau 181/amyloid beta 42 ratios were higher in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease than in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (all P &lt; 0.05). More severe Tau deposition as indicated by 18F-florzolotau binding in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus was observed in the early-onset Alzheimer’s disease group. Plasma phosphorylated tau 181 was associated with earlier age at onset and domain-specific cognitive impairment, especially in patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. We concluded that patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease differed from late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in cognitive performance and biomarker profile. A higher burden of pathological tau was observed in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and was associated with earlier age at onset and more profound cognitive impairment.