bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Posterior Malleolus Fixation on Clinical and Functional Results
Authors: Bingol Olgun , Ozdemir Guzelali , Karlidag Taner , Korucu Alperen , Yasar Niyazi Erdem , Deveci Alper 
Published: March 2023

Background: Clinical studies have shown that posterior malleolar fractures treated with a posterior buttress plate have improved outcomes compared to anterior-to-posterior screw fixation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of posterior malleolus fixation on clinical and functional results.
Methods: The patients with posterior malleolar fractures who were treated between January of 2014 and April of 2018 at our hospital were investigated retrospectively. Fifty-five patients included in the study were divided into three groups according to the fixation preferences of fractures (group I, posterior buttress plate; group II, anterior-to-posterior screw; and group III, nonfixated). The groups consisted of 20, nine, and 26 patients, respectively. These patients were analyzed according to demographic data, fixation preferences of fractures, mechanism of injury, hospitalization length of stay, surgical time, syndesmosis screw use, follow-up time, complications, Haraguchi fracture classification, van Dijk classification, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, and plantar pressure analysis.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of gender, operation side, injury mechanism, length of stay, anesthesia types, and syndesmotic screw usage. However, when the age, follow-up time, operation time, complications, Haraguchi classification, van Dijk classification, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were evaluated, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups. Plantar pressure analysis data showed that group I yielded balanced pressure distribution between both feet compared to the other study groups.
Conclusions: The posterior buttress plating of posterior malleolar fractures yielded better clinical and functional outcomes compared to the anterior-to-posterior screw fixation and nonfixated groups.
Modelling quarantine effects on SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological dynamics in Chilean communes and their relationship with the Social Priority Index
Authors: Salinas Dino G. , Bustamante M. Leonor , Gallardo Mauricio O. 
Published: March 2023

Background
An epidemiological model (susceptible, un-quarantined infected, quarantined infected, confirmed infected (SUQC)) was previously developed and applied to incorporate quarantine measures and calculate COVID-19 contagion dynamics and pandemic control in some Chinese regions. Here, we generalized this model to incorporate the disease recovery rate and applied our model to records of the total number of confirmed cases of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in some Chilean communes.

Methods
In each commune, two consecutive stages were considered: a stage without quarantine and an immediately subsequent quarantine stage imposed by the Ministry of Health. To adjust the model, typical epidemiological parameters were determined, such as the confirmation rate and the quarantine rate. The latter allowed us to calculate the reproduction number.

Results
The mathematical model adequately reproduced the data, indicating a higher quarantine rate when quarantine was imposed by the health authority, with a corresponding decrease in the reproduction number of the virus down to values that prevent or decrease its exponential spread. In general, during this second stage, the communes with the lowest social priority indices had the highest quarantine rates, and therefore, the lowest effective viral reproduction numbers. This study provides useful evidence to address the health inequity of pandemics. The mathematical model applied here can be used in other regions or easily modified for other cases of infectious disease control by quarantine.
Incidence of Retinal Artery Occlusion and Related Mortality in Korea, 2005 to 2018
Authors: Hwang Daniel Duck-Jin , Lee Kyung-Eun , Kim Yuwon , Kim Myoung-Suk , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Kim Mina , Kim Hasung , Kyoung Dae-Sung , Park Ji In 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceIt remains unclear whether comorbidities in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO), a rare retinal vascular disorder, differ by subtype and whether mortality is higher.ObjectiveTo examine the nationwide incidence of clinically diagnosed, nonarteritic RAO, causes of death, and mortality rate in patients with RAO compared with that in the general population in Korea.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study examined National Health Insurance Service claims data from 2002 to 2018. The population of South Korea was 49 705 663, according to the 2015 census. Data were analyzed from February 9, 2021, to July 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe nationwide incidence of any RAO, including central RAO (CRAO; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code, H34.1) and noncentral RAO (other RAO; ICD-10 code, H34.2) was estimated using National Health Insurance Service claims data from 2002 to 2018, with 2002 to 2004 as the washout period. Furthermore, the causes of death were evaluated and the standardized mortality ratio was estimated. The primary outcomes were the incidence of RAO per 100 000 person-years and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR).ResultsA total of 51 326 patients with RAO were identified (28 857 [56.2%] men; mean [SD] age at index date: 63.6 [14.1] years). The nationwide incidence of any RAO was 7.38 (95% CI, 7.32-7.44) per 100 000 person-years. The incidence rate of noncentral RAO was 5.12 (95% CI, 5.07-5.18), more than twice that of CRAO (2.25 [95% CI, 2.22-2.29]). Mortality was higher in patients with any RAO than in the general population (SMR, 7.33 [95% CI, 7.15-7.50]). The SMR for CRAO (9.95 [95% CI, 9.61-10.29]) and for noncentral RAO (5.97 [95% CI, 5.78-6.16]) showed a tendency toward a gradual decrease with increasing age. The top 3 causes of death in patients with RAO were diseases of the circulatory system (28.8%), neoplasms (25.1%), and diseases of the respiratory system (10.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that the incidence rate of noncentral RAO was higher than that of CRAO, whereas SMR was higher for CRAO than noncentral RAO. Patients with RAO show higher mortality than the general population, with circulatory system disease as the leading cause of death. These findings suggest that it is necessary to investigate the risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease in patients newly diagnosed with RAO.
Temperature Tunable 4D Polymeric Photonic Crystals
Authors: De Bellis Isabella , Martella Daniele , Parmeggiani Camilla , Wiersma Diederik Sybolt , Nocentini Sara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotonic crystals owe their multitude of optical properties to the way their structure creates interference effects. It is therefore possible to influence the photonic response by acting on their physical structure. In this article, tunable photonic crystals made by elastic polymers that respond to their environment are explored, in particular with a physical deformation under temperature variation. This creates a feedback process in which the photonic response depends on its physical structure, which itself is influenced by the environmental changes. By using a multi‐photon polymerization process specifically optimized for soft responsive polymers such as Liquid Crystalline Networks, highly resolved, reproducible, and mechanically self‐standing photonic crystals are fabricated. The physical structure of the 3D woodpile can be tuned by an external temperature variation creating a reversible spectral tuning of 50 nm in the telecom wavelength range. By comparing these results with finite element calculations and temperature induced shape‐change, it is confirmed that the observed tuning is due to an elastic deformation of the structure. The achieved nanometric patterning of tunable anisotropic photonic materials will further foster the development of reconfigurable photonic crystals with point defects acting as tunable resonant cavities and, more in general, of 4D nanostructures.
Managing Interfacial Hot‐Carrier Cooling and Extraction Kinetics for Inverted Ma‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells Over 23% Efficiency via Dion–Jacobson 2D Capping Layer
Authors: Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Zhuang Rongshan , Tian Congcong , Sun Anxin , Tang Chen , Liu Yuan , Hua Yong , Chen Chun‐Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile quasi‐2D perovskite is often used in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to improve the interfacial carrier transfer, the development of pure 2D perovskite with superior stability is rarely seen and the corresponding carrier‐extraction kinetics remains unclear. Here, a variety of hexatomic ring cations including piperidine, pyridine, and cyclohexane are introduced to modify the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. The Dion–Jacobson phase 2D cladding (n = 1) based on 3‐(aminomethyl) piperidinium is proved to form a coordinated energy landscape and homogeneous surface potential distribution, and effectively prolong the electron diffusion length (≈1.58 µm) and accelerate the hot‐carrier extraction rate (2.5 times that of Control at 400 K). Furthermore, the quasi‐2D treatment (n ≈ 3,4) demonstrated a slight escalation in short‐circuit current, but failed to inhibit the interdiffusion of Ag, Pb, and I under illumination. Finally, one of the state‐of‐art power conversion efficiency (PCE) for MA‐free inverted PSCs is achieved at 23.62% with increased open‐circuit voltage (≈1.15 V) and fill factor (≈82.8%). Most importantly, 89% and 93.6% of initial PCE are retained after 720 h under 85 °C heating and 1000 h under maximum power point tracking, illustrating satisfactory thermal and operational stability with pure 2D perovskite capping layer.
A Reflection on Sustainable Anode Materials for Electrochemical Chloride Oxidation
Authors: Choi Seungwoo , Choi Won Il , Lee Jun‐Seo , Lee Chang Hyun , Balamurugan Mani , Schwarz Andrew D. , Choi Zung Sun , Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChloride oxidation is a key industrial electrochemical process in chlorine‐based chemical production and water treatment. Over the past few decades, dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) consisting of RuO2‐ and IrO2‐based mixed‐metal oxides have been successfully commercialized in the electrochemical chloride oxidation industry. For a sustainable supply of anode materials, considerable efforts both from the scientific and industrial aspects for developing earth‐abundant–metal‐based electrocatalysts have been made. This review first describes the history of commercial DSA fabrication and strategies to improve their efficiency and stability. Important features related to the electrocatalytic performance for chloride oxidation and reaction mechanism are then summarized. From the perspective of sustainability, recent progress in the design and fabrication of noble‐metal‐free anode materials, as well as methods for evaluating the industrialization of novel electrocatalysts, are highlighted. Finally, future directions for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for industrial chloride oxidation are proposed.
Gate‐Tunable Potential Barrier on Dual‐Gate Graphene Transistor with Fluorocarbon Thin Film
Authors: Yi Yoonhyuck , Yun Yoojoo , Cho Eunmi , Jeon Jinho , Lee Hyunkyung , Kim Byeongwan , Ha Dong Han , Lee Sang‐Jin , Kang Haeyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reports on the charge transport characteristics across the potential barrier generated by a local dual‐gate modulation at the surface of p‐doped graphene via surface contact on a fluorocarbon (CF) thin film. Owing to simple physical contact, the strong electron affinity of the fluorine atoms in CF stably increases the hole density of graphene, which leads to a massive p‐doping effect in graphene. Then, potential barrier height can be generated and modulated across the channel by forming a local dual‐gate device structure. Different gate biases in dual‐gate operation can split electrical characteristics of a single graphene into highly conductive region and region of sparse charge density, creating large chemical potential difference at the boundary between the two which determines the value of barrier height. Moreover, the device characteristics follow a simple model of the metal–semiconductor junction well in addition to the effect of charge concentration discrepancy in graphene. These results reveal that it is possible to create an ideal and controllable potential barrier composed of a single material using the highly doped graphene with the local dual‐gate structure.
Hydrophilic Modification Strategies to Enhance the Surface Biocompatibility of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐Based Biomaterials for Medical Applications
Authors: Sutthiwanjampa Chanutchamon , Hong Seungpyo , Kim Woo Ju , Kang Shin Hyuk , Park Hansoo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely employed in biomedical disciplines due to its several advantages, including biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and low‐cost preparation. However, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of this material encourages biofouling and reduces cell regulation capacity, thereby limiting its biomedical applicability. The purpose of this study is to explore the surface modification and functionalization of PDMS and PDMS‐based biomaterials to improve their properties for biomedical applications. The content of this review is organized based on physical and chemical surface modification strategies to improve surface hydrophilicity to enhance antibiofouling and the regulation of immunomodulation and cell modulation on the surface of PDMS and PDMS‐based biomaterials. Future developments in this area are also discussed.
Superconductivity of K‐Intercalated Epitaxial Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Huempfner Tobias , Otto Felix , Forker Roman , Müller Paul , Fritz Torsten 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraphene‐based materials are among the most promising candidates for studying superconductivity arising from reduced dimensionality. Apart from doping by twisted stacking, superconductivity can also be achieved by metal‐intercalation of stacked graphene sheets, where the properties depend on the choice of the metal atoms and the number of graphene layers. Many different and even unconventional pairing mechanisms and symmetries are predicted in the literature for graphene monolayers and few‐layers. However, those theoretical predictions have yet to be verified experimentally. Here, it is shown that potassium‐intercalated epitaxial bilayer graphene is a superconductor with a critical temperature of Tc = 3.6 ± 0.1 K. By scanning‐tunneling microscopy and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, the physical mechanisms are analyzed in great detail, using laboratory equipment. The data demonstrate that electron–phonon coupling is the driving force enabling superconductivity. Although the consideration of an s‐wave pairing symmetry is sufficient to explain the experimental data, evidence is found for the existence of multiple energy gaps. Furthermore, it is shown that low‐dimensional effects are most likely the cause of a gap ratio of 6.1 ± 0.2 that strongly exceeds the Bardeen‐Cooper‐Schrieffer (BCS) value of 3.52 for conventional superconductors. These results highlight the importance of reduced dimensionality yielding unusual superconducting properties of K‐intercalated epitaxial bilayer graphene.
Pure Green Upconversion from a Multicolor Downshifting Perovskite Crystal
Authors: Shi Yihan , Zhang Xiangzhou , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Yuhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLanthanide‐doped halide perovskite has emerged as a promising phosphor for multimode luminescence. Here, a chloride‐based perovskite single crystal is reported, namely Cs2NaInCl6:Yb3+,Er3+, that is grown in a hydrothermal reactor. The as‐grown crystals feature two distinct luminescence behaviors under UV and 980 nm laser excitation, respectively. Under UV lamp excitation, the crystal shows a multicolor emission of sharp bands at 448, 550, and 660 nm, covering a wide color gamut in CIE diagram. In stark contrast, the crystal under 980 nm excitation exhibits a pure green upconversion with a green‐to‐red ratio up to 211. The universal green dominance is further demonstrated in many chlorides, including Cs2AgInCl6, Cs2NaBiCl6, and Cs2AgBiCl6. The strong green upconversion is used for optical thermometry, which demonstrates an unprecedented sensitivity up to 9.3% K−1 at the low temperature end. The work introduces a kind of new hosts for single‐band upconversion luminescence, opening up many possibilities in areas such as low‐threshold laser and pure‐green color converter.
Generation of the Bessel Beam of Longitudinally Varied Polarization with Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Jingyu , Zhao Ruizhe , Li Yuzhao , Xiong Haoran , Li Yao , Li Xiaowei , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe beam with longitudinally varied polarization provides a new dimension for polarization applications, such as material processing, longitudinal depth detection, optical communications, etc. A few different methods have so far been investigated, including spatial light modulators and diffractive optical elements. However, these methods have complex optical path, large volume, which are difficult to integrate. Here, a birefringent dielectric metasurface is demonstrated, which is capable of generating Bessel beam whose polarization state continuously rotates along the propagation direction. According to the design, when a linearly polarized light illuminates on the metasurface, the outgoing light becomes linearly polarized zero‐order Bessel beam, whose polarization angle changes as the propagation distance increases. Experimental measurements are successfully carried out. Such scheme may open new doors for potential applications in depth perception, microscopic detection, and so on.
Detection of on‐tree chestnut fruits using deep learning and RGB unmanned aerial vehicle imagery for estimation of yield and fruit load
Authors: Arakawa Takumi , Tanaka Takashi S. T. , Kamio Shinji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe on‐tree counting of chestnut fruit (bur) is essential for yield estimation and monitoring of fruit load as well as tree health, which is important in determining the management strategy for orchards, markets, and tree health monitoring. However, the practice is still conducted by manual count or farmers’ intuition. Precise and effective counting method is yet to be established. This study attempted to count chestnut fruits with the object detection algorithm, You Only Look Once (YOLO), using the RGB imagery collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The model trained with 500 images (7866 burs labeled with bounding boxes) in YOLO version 4 (v4) could count the number of burs with a R2 value of 0.98 and a root mean square error of 6.3 (8.3% of the mean) relative to the manual count in the data set for each whole tree (n = 53). The R2 of linear regression between the number of burs obtained with the YOLOv4 model and the total yield was 0.76, with a standard error of 1.08 kg tree−1 (26.4% of coefficient of variation), which was equivalent to the in situ burs count by an expert technician. In addition, the number of burs counted with the YOLOv4 model after the adjustment of trunk circumference was negatively correlated with nut weight. Overall, the study revealed that YOLO algorithm coupled with UAV‐based RGB imagery is a precise and efficient method for on‐tree burs detection, which could be used as an indicator of yield and fruit load.
Protein amyloid aggregate: Structure and function
Authors: Xu Qianhui , Ma Yeyang , Sun Yunpeng , Li Dan , Zhang Xin , Liu Cong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein amyloid aggregation has been widely observed to occur and plays important roles in both physiological processes and pathological diseases. Remarkably, amyloid aggregates assembled by native proteins gain a variety of different biological activities, which cannot be adopted by the unassembled protein alone. Thus, it is important to investigate the molecular basis of self‐assembly of protein amyloid aggregates and how the aggregated protein structure determines its function. In the review, we firstly introduce our structural knowledge on how different amyloid proteins undergo conformational transition and assemble into amyloid aggregate, with the main focus on amyloid fibril, which is the major species of amyloid aggregate. Then, we elaborate how different structures of amyloid fibrils enable them to fulfill highly diverse functions in either physiological or pathological condition. Furthermore, we discuss the structural polymorph which is a very unique feature of amyloid fibril, and its implication in understanding the structure‐function relationship of amyloid fibrils. Finally, we point out the importance of applying and integrating new approaches for deepening the structure‐function study of amyloid fibrils and highlight the potential of designing amyloid fibril‐based functional bio‐nanomaterials for application.
Ultralong afterglow and unity quantum yield from a transparent CsCdCl3:Mn crystal
Authors: Liu Yeqi , Zhang Xiangzhou , Wang Xiaojia , Yan Shao , Liang Yanjie , Zhang Yuhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransparent afterglow crystals are keenly desired for three‐dimensional information storage. Herein, CsCdCl3 perovskite crystals were grown by a programmable cooling procedure in a hydrothermal reactor. The pristine crystal showed an abnormal optical behavior where the absorption increased by 2.3 folds at high temperature, leading to a fourfold boost of photoluminescence (PL) intensity. After Mn2+ doping, the PL quantum yield was improved to nearly unity. Importantly, the doped crystals exhibited an ultralong afterglow up to 12 h after ceasing UV excitation and a high transmittance up to 75% in the visible region. This work brought a new member to the library of transparent afterglow crystal, opening up many possibilities to advanced applications such as volumetric display and three‐dimensional information encryption.
H2S absorption with deep eutectic solvents: Low partial pressure capture and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Wang Bo , Xie Xuhao , Wan Lurui , Zhao Wenbo , Chen Yuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the present work, a series of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on organic amine as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), and ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were prepared for the H2S absorption. Thermal decomposition temperature, HBA mass ratios, alkalinity and structure effect on absorption behavior were systematically investigated. The reaction mechanism was demonstrated by FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction equilibrium constants, Henry constant, enthalpy and entropy change were calculated based on the thermodynamic model to reveal the interactions between DESs and H2S. It was found that H2S absorption capacities of the most of DESs with HBA/HBD mass ratio of 1:4 was close to 1 mol/mol at 303.15 K and 0.2 bar. The absorption capacity of DESs depends on the alkalinity and structure of HBAs; Additionally, a good linear correlation between the alkalinity of HBA and the absorption equilibrium constant (lnK) of DESs to H2S was found.