bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis
Authors: Deng Xiaoqi , Hosseini Sarinasadat , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nozawa Takayuki 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionHuman cooperativeness is an important personality trait. However, the mechanism through which people cooperate remains unclear. Previous research suggests that one of the proposed functions of smiling is to advertise altruistic dispositions, leading to successful cooperation. In particular, studies have reported that Duchenne smiles are honest signals of cooperative intent because they are not easy to produce voluntarily. This study aimed to examine the predictive relationships among altruistic cooperativeness traits, Duchenne smiles, and cooperative behavior.MethodsA total of 90 people were randomly assigned to dyads and filmed while they participated in a ten-minute, unstructured conversation followed by a prisoner’s dilemma game to measure their cooperative behaviors. Their smiles during conversations were classified as Duchenne or non-Duchenne. Participants’ altruistic dispositions were measured before the conversation began using an anonymous prisoner’s dilemma game.ResultsThe results of our linear regression analyses support previous findings that individual’s Duchenne smiles and their own cooperative behavior are positively correlated. However, when we controlled for altruistic cooperativeness, Duchenne smiles no longer correlated with cooperative behavior. The results of the mediation analyses showed that Duchenne smiles and smile synchrony did not mediate the predictive relationship between altruistic cooperativeness and cooperative behavior.DiscussionOur results suggest that human cooperative behavior may be predetermined by altruistic cooperativeness. This calls for the reconsideration of the Duchenne smile as an underlying behavioral mechanism that is effective for signaling altruistic cooperative intent.
The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual
Authors: Deng Hongdu , Zhang Ruiling , Wang Chuansheng , Zhang Bingyu , Wang Jiali , Wang Shilin , Zhang Jie , Shari Nurul Izzah , Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThis multicenter, three-armed, parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) primarily aims to compare the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) with that of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and treatment as usual (TAU) to depreciate the degree of alcohol craving among alcohol use disorder patients who have undergone in-patient detoxification across four timelines (t0 = baseline prior to intervention, t1 = 4 weeks after baseline, t2 = 12 weeks after baseline, and t3 = 24 weeks after baseline). The secondary aims of this RCT are to compare the efficacy of VRET with that of ACT and TAU to alleviate the severity of alcohol use disorder, dissipate comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, and normalize event-related potential (ERP) in electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring across the four timelines.MethodsInitially, after 2 weeks of in-patient detoxification, 120 patients with alcohol use disorder will be randomized into three groups (VRET, ACT, and TAU control groups) via stratified permuted block randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio. Baseline assessment (t0) commences, whereby all the participants will be administered with sociodemographic, clinical, and alcohol use characteristics questionnaire, such as Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), while event-related potential (ERP) detection in electroencephalogram (EEG) will also be carried out. Then, 4 weeks of VRET, ACT, and non-therapeutic supportive activities will be conducted in the three respective groups. For the subsequent three assessment timelines (t1, t2, and t3), the alcohol use characteristic questionnaire, such as AUDIT, PACS, HAM-D, HAM-A, and ERP monitoring, will be re-administered to all participants.DiscussionAs data on the effects of non-pharmacological interventions, such as VRET and ACT, on the treatment of alcohol craving and preventing relapse in alcohol use disorder are lacking, this RCT fills the research gap by providing these important data to treating clinicians. If proven efficacious, the efficacy of VRET and ACT for the treatment of other substance use disorders should also be investigated in future.Clinical trial registrationNCT05841823 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Microstructure abnormalities of the diffusion quantities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an AFQ and TBSS study
Authors: Hu Rui , Tan Fan , Chen Wen , Wu Yong , Jiang Yuhan , Du Wei , Zuo Yuchen , Gao Bingbing , Song Qingwei , Miao Yanwei 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the specific alterations of white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by automated fiber quantification (AFQ) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and to analyze the correlation between white matter abnormality and impairment of executive function.MethodsIn this prospective study, a total of twenty-seven patients diagnosed with ADHD (20 males, 7 females; mean age of 8.89 ± 1.67 years) and twenty-two healthy control (HC) individuals (11 males, 11 females, mean age of 9.82 ± 2.13 years) were included. All participants were scanned with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and assessed for executive functions. AFQ and TBSS analysis methods were used to investigate the white matter fiber impairment of ADHD patients, respectively. Axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of 17 fiber properties were calculated using the AFQ. The mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), radial kurtosis (RK), mean diffusivity (MDDKI), axial diffusivity (ADDKI), radial diffusivity (RDDKI) and fractional anisotropy (FADKI) of DKI and AD, RD, MD, and FA of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessed the integrity of the white matter based on TBSS. Partial correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between white matter abnormalities and clinical test scores in ADHD while taking age, gender, and education years into account. The analyses were all family-wise error rate (FWE) corrected.ResultsADHD patients performed worse on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) test (p &lt; 0.05). Minor variances existed in gender and age between ADHD and HC, but these variances did not yield statistically significant distinctions. There were no significant differences in TBSS for DKI and DTI parameters (p &gt; 0.05, TFCE-corrected). Compared to HC volunteers, the mean AD value of right cingulum bundle (CB_R) fiber tract showed a significantly higher level in ADHD patients following the correction of FWE. As a result of the point-wise comparison between groups, significant alterations (FWE correction, p &lt; 0.05) were mainly located in AD (nodes 36–38, nodes 83–97) and MD (nodes 92–95) of CB_R. There was no significant correlation between white matter diffusion parameters and clinical test scores in ADHD while taking age, gender, and education years into account.ConclusionThe AFQ method can detect ADHD white matter abnormalities in a specific location with greater sensitivity, and the CB_R played a critical role. Our findings may be helpful in further studying the relationship between focal white matter abnormalities and ADHD.
Diabetes risk among US adults with different socioeconomic status and behavioral lifestyles: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Liu Ce , He Li , Li Yuanfei , Yang Aimin , Zhang Kai , Luo Bin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundDiabetes disproportionately affects minorities and those with low socioeconomic status (SES) in the United States, and differences in behavioral lifestyles are largely responsible for the unequal distribution of diabetes among different groups.MethodsWith data of 9,969 participants collected in the 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study examined several mediators and their mediating effects in the connection between SES and the risk of diabetes. The SES is assessed by the income-to-poverty ratio (IPR), education level, and employment status. For the mediation analysis, we used health-related behaviors as mediators (smoking, alcohol use, consumption of green vegetables and fruits, physical activity and sedentary time, health insurance, and healthcare). In this study, the structural equation model was utilized to evaluate the mediating effects of behavioral lifestyle as a mediator in the relationship between SES and diabetes.ResultsA total of 9,969 participants were included in this study. We found a negative nonlinear association between IPR and diabetes risk (Poverall &lt; 0.001; Pnon-linear = 0.46), which was independent of the majority of known or suspected risk factors and confounding variables (gender, age, race). Participants with lower SES had higher risk of diabetes compared with those with higher SES. In mediating analysis, we found alcohol intake (OR = 0.996), physical activity (OR = 0.993), health insurance (OR = 0.998), and healthcare (OR = 1.002) mediated the IPR-diabetes association. But in the relationship between education status and diabetes, the mediation effect of alcohol intake (OR = 0.995), physical activity (OR = 0.991), and health care (OR = 1.008) were obvious. Likewise, alcohol intake (OR = 0.996), fruit intake (OR = 0.998), and health care (OR = 0.975) were important mediators in the association between employment status and diabetes.ConclusionThis study provides critical insights on the link between SES and diabetes. Our results highlight that poor health-related behaviors and limited access to healthcare are important pathways for increased diabetes risk related to those with low SES, particularly among Mexican Americans and males. They should be top priorities for agencies and healthcare providers to develop behavior-related interventions to reduce inequalities in diabetes risk.
Unleashing the link between the relaxation of the COVID-19 control policy and residents’ mental health in China: the mediating role of family tourism consumption
Authors: He Yilun , Zhan Shaowen , Su Hui , Deng Yulong 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveCOVID-19 has negatively influenced industrial development, family consumption, and residents’ mental health. Unfortunately, it has not yet been studied whether this adverse situation can be alleviated after the relaxation of the COVID-19 control policy (RCC). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of the RCC on the resident’s mental health and the mediating effect of family tourism consumption.Methods By using the PSM and mediating effetc model to research the panel data of two periods (April 2021 and April 2023) for Shaanxi province, China.ResultsThe RCC negatively inhibited the mental health severity of residents, and the mental health severity decreased by 0.602. In particular, the RCC showed the most substantial negative effect on residents’ stress, followed by anxiety and depression. Meanwhile, it is found that the impact of the RCC on the mental health of residents is highly heterogeneous. The RCC indicates a linear significant effect on the mental health of residents under 60 years of age, while the results were found insignificant for residents above 60 years of age. Meanwhile, the RCC’s improvement effect on urban residents’ mental health is greater than that of rural residents. In addition, mechanism analysis showed that tourism consumption plays a mediating role in the influence of the RCC on the mental health of residents, and the mediating effect accounted for 24.58% of the total effect.ConclusionBased on the findings, the study proposes that government and policymakers should strengthen mental health intervention, improve access to mental health counseling, stimulate economic development, expand the employment of residents, and track the mutation of the novel coronavirus.
Solvent recovery from solvent-fine coal slurries by filtration and steam stripping
Authors: Huylo Michael , Huang Kaiwu , Noble Aaron , Yoon Roe-Hoan , Qiao Rui 
Published: August 2023

Dewatering of fine coal is a significant industrial challenge with economic and environmental implications. Due to the lack of suitable dewatering technologies, fine coal particles are often discarded to waste impoundments, leading to substantial loss of valuable natural resources while creating environmental problems. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic separation (HHS) process is a unique solution to this problem. In this process, a recyclable solvent is used to simultaneously remove inorganic impurities (ash) and water from a run-of-mine fine coal slurry. A small amount of recyclable oil (or solvent) is added to a fine coal slurry so that the solvent can spontaneously displace the water from the surface of coal particles. The spent solvent is subsequently recovered and recycled in a closed loop. Here, we report the results obtained using two different solvents, i.e., pentane and hexane, to de-ash and dewater ultrafine coal and recover the spent solvent by filtration, followed by steam stripping. Most of the spent solvent can be recovered during the filtration step at 20 psig N₂ and at a 60 s filtration time. The residual solvent left in the cake was then recovered using steam under different conditions. The results showed that the residual solvent concentration could be reduced to &lt;1,400 ppm after 10 s of steam stripping at 150°C and 15 psig.
Approximation Characteristics of Gel’fand Type in Multivariate Sobolev Spaces with Mixed Derivative Equipped with Gaussian Measure
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Li Huan , Li Xuehua 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the probabilistic Gel’fand N,δ-width of multivariate Sobolev spaces MW2rTd with mixed derivative that are equipped with Gaussian measure μ in LqTd. The sharp asymptotic estimates are determined by employing the discretization method.
Acceptability and optimisation of resources to support antidepressant cessation: a qualitative think-aloud study with patients in Australian primary care
Authors: McDonald Suzanne , Wallis Katharine , Horowitz Mark , Mann Esther , Le Vilany , Donald Maria 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundStopping long-term (>12 months) antidepressant use can be difficult due to unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Many people do not recognise withdrawal symptoms or understand how to minimise them while safely discontinuing antidepressants. To address the gaps, the authors developed the ‘Redressing long-term antidepressant use’ (RELEASE) resources, comprising a medicines information brochure, a decision aid, and drug- specific hyperbolic tapering protocols.AimTo explore patients’ acceptability of the RELEASE resources to optimise their use and impact.Design and settingA think-aloud interview study among adults with lived experience of long-term antidepressant use conducted in south-east Queensland, Australia, between November 2021 and June 2022.MethodParticipants were purposively sampled from general practices and interviewed face-to-face or via videoconferencing. Participants verbalised their thoughts, impressions, and feelings while engaging with each resource. Interviews were analysed using a deductive coding framework, including codes related to acceptability and optimisation. Interviews were analysed in a series of four tranches, with iterative modifications made to resources after each tranche.ResultsParticipants (n= 14) reported the resources to be relevant, informative, motivational, and usable. Participants’ comments informed modifications, including changes to wording, content order, and layout. Several participants expressed frustration that they had not had these resources earlier, with one reporting the information could have been ‘life changing’. Many commented on the need for these resources to be widely available to both patients and doctors.ConclusionThe RELEASE resources were found to be acceptable, useful, and potentially life changing. The effectiveness of these consumer-informed resources in supporting safe cessation of long-term antidepressants is currently being tested in general practice.
Le problème de la tendance et du cycle
Authors: Goodwin Richard Murphey 
Published: August 2023

The problem of the trend and cycle.

Perhaps the hardest problem in economics is to explain why the rate of growth of capitalist economies is irregular. Schumpeter has a unified theory of growth and cyclical fluctuations : the latter cannot exist without the former.
Any time-series may be subdivided into a sum of cycles : no particular significance can however be attached to the separate elements in the case of non-linear dynamic systems. The classics' and neo-classics' theory of secular trends was unsatisfactory and the attempt to construct another was abandoned until R. Harrod’s E. J. article in 1939 , which introduced the acceleration principle into the Keynesian theory. But Harrod’s theory merely explains what may, not what will, happen. Professor Hicks’s Trade Cycle turns Harrod’s trend theory into a theory of cyclical fluctuations around a constant mean. The long-term rise of the mean is attributed to the secular growth of autonomous investment, i. e. to an unexplained trend. The author’s theory : vigorous cyclical eapansions generate growth. Inventory movements are a vital factor explaining booms and recessions. In the latter pari of the upswing fixed capital (i. e. capacity in general) and fixed costs expand, but do not contract to their previous levels in the following downswing ; thus each successive boom and recession reach a higher stage than the corresponding previous turning-points. There is some similarity between this theory and Schumpeter’s : trend and cycle are indissoluble — Algebraical appendix.
La rationalité économique des choix financiers dans la théorie contemporaine des finances publiques
Authors: Tabatoni Pierre 
Published: August 2023

Rationality of choice in contemporary theory of public finance.
A general survey of public finance with extensive bibliographies is presented. Economic analysis has influenced both the theory and, to some extent, the practice of public finance and has thus contributed to a greater internal consistency of the subject. The reliability of the principles of economic rationality in the practice of public finance is also examined.
The discussion of the limits of the economics of public finance presents the basic conceptual and methodological difficulties met with ; the limited role of welfare economics for the pure theory of public finance, the importance of a political science approach, the problem of the harmonization of fiscal policy and monetary theory, the question of formal and effective incidence of taxation.
The effects of financial activities on production incentives are considered in relation to differential taxation. Economic incentives to work, save and invest are related particularly to the distorsions introduced by taxation in the disposition of funds, risk bearing and the enterprise system. Methods for dealing with these defects are considered together with the problem of competition on the capital market between public and private borrowing.
Finally, the present state of the theory of budgetary equilibrium and cyclical and inflationary movements , together with the reform of budget techniques, particularly the presentation of the budget, with a view to the integration of the latter into overall government policy, are examined.
La théorie quantitative de la monnaie : une analyse par l'équilibre général
Authors: Patinkin Don 
Published: August 2023

The paper sets out to show that the quantity theory does not require such restrictive conditions as are usually supposed necessary for it to be valid.
The Cambridge and Fisher approaches to the quantity theory are examined. An alternative approach to the quantity theory is then elaborated starting from the transactions approach and providing for the direct influence of monetary factors. The dependence of consumer demand on real balances forms the crucial element of this analysis. It is shown that the quantity theory of money can be made valid. The assumptions for this demonstration are of a general nature common to most types of economic analysis (uniqueness of the equilibrium position , stability of the system, flexibility of prices) except for one fundamental assumption according to which individuals are concerned with real quantities.
It is demonstrated that the validity of the quantity theory does not depend upon the two assumptions firstly, that aggregate demand is directly proportionate to the quantity of money and, secondly, that K, or its reciprocal V, is constant with respect to prices.
Despite the role of the real-balance effect in neoclassical quantity theory its true implications were ignored. This is seen in the statement of the «homogeneity postulate » and the concept of «money illusion », in the failure to incorporate fully monetary theory to value theory, in the concept of a uniform unitary elasticity of demand for money, and in the absence of stability analysis in neo-classical monetary theory.
La politique monétaire de la Grande-Bretagne, 1955-1956
Authors: Niveau Maurice 
Published: August 2023

British monetary policy 1955-1956
Price rises and an external deficit were the factors which, in 1955 and early 1956, called for remedial action by the authorities. The main causes of this situation are generally attributed to the investment boom and wage trends. However, inflationary pressure is not uniform and some sectors of the economy are either unaffected, or have already passed the inflationary phase. In order to deal with this situation, the authorities have had recourse to the use of monetary policy.
The techniques of monetary control adopted have implied a rise in Bank rale and credit restrictions. The effects of a rise in Bank rate are not, however, the same today as in the past due to changes in fiscality, the financial structure of firms and the banking sector, and entrepreneurial expectation patterns. The small degree of success of the first increases in Bank rate as regards the volume of credit made it necessary to have recourse to direct intervention by the Treasury to obtain a reduction in bank advances.
However, there are considerable differences of opinion in Great Britain both as to the type and degree of credit restrictions and the technical means of achieving the desired result. In order to clarify the discussion of these points, the technique of credit restriction and the structure of the banking sector in Great Britain are discussed. An analysis of the discussion regarding the appropriate technique of monetary control brings out the fact that whilst widely divergeant views exist as to the technical aspects of monetary policy a fair degree of unanimity prevails regarding the appropriateness of monetary controls to deal with the present situation.
The policy of a deflationary restriction of credit is based, to a large extent, upon the quantity theory of money. However, whereas some writers stress the need to restrict the volume of money which, in Great Britain, means reducing the volume of bank deposits, others put more weight upon reducing the volume of bank loans. Nevertheless it is impossible, at the present lime, to base policy on an adequate statistical analysis recording the concrete effects of different policy measures. In particular, other measures,