bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface horizontal shear strength requirement in Ultra-thin whitetopping (UTW) pavement.
Authors: NguyenDinh Nen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ultra-thin whitetopping (UTW) is a thin (5-10 cm) layer of concrete overlaying over an existing asphalt pavement. This concrete layer is bonded on the asphalt surface. Although UTW has been successful in strengthening asphalt pavement, in some cases, the composite pavement may debond at the interface under the concrete slab due to high shear stress. This paper aims to determine the interface shear strength required for UTW pavement systems using theoretical methods and calibrated numerical models (FEMs). The study analysed 432 pavement scenarios with different slab sizes, thicknesses, and material properties. The results show that higher shear stress occurs when the asphalt modulus is stiffer. The size of the slab, the modulus of the supporting layer, and the asphalt thickness have only a minor effect on the shear stress value. However, the thickness of the concrete slab significantly affects the maximum shear stress in the UTW, with an increase of up to 36.6% when reducing the slab thickness from 100mm to 50 mm. The FEM calculations can be used to determine the required interface horizontal shear strength for UTW.
Use of glass waste as granular material in pavement layers
Authors: Doukani Abderrahmane , Bekki Hadj , Hariche Lazhar , Belkacem Abdelillah , Ammari Hafsa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The valorisation of waste glass is part of a sustainable development plan. It presents several challenges, starting with the elimination of the various types of waste sent to landfill and the related costs, the reduction of the inconveniences associated with glass (shards, landfill fires), the development of new economic sectors and raw material saving (aggregate quarries). Several research works have previously been carried out to highlight the interest of using waste glass as a partial replacement for unbound granular aggregate in pavement structure. Nevertheless, industrialists remain reluctant to apply such a technique, which encourages researchers to extend their studies in order to properly control the behaviour of granular materials containing glass grains and consequently give more confidence to companies to enforce this technical solution. The present work consists in studying the influence of the shape of glass grains less than 5 mm (rounded and sub-rounded) on the mechanical behaviour of granular pavement materials. The study consists in making a comparison, from a behaviour point of view, between the two forms of glass grains obtained from two different grinding processes. As a result, the Proctor test clearly shows that there is no significant difference between rounded and sub-rounded shape in terms of compactabiliy. It was noted that the addition of particles of recycled glass makes the mixture more insensitive to water. It has been also found that the limiting percentage of addition of glass particles is situated between 20% and 30% reported to the total mass of the mixture.
Properties of pervious concrete made with different types of waste aggregate-A literature review
Authors: Sohel Kazi Md Abu , Al-Jabri Khalifa , Al-Hashami Anwar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pervious concrete, also known as porous concrete, contains interconnected pores that allow water from various sources to pass through. This type of concrete is generally used for pavement construction to protect the environment. Pervious concrete contains only coarse aggregate and sometime very small amount of fine aggregate. Many researches were conducted to develop an efficient type of pervious concrete with different types and combination of aggregates. In many studies, along with natural stone aggregate, other types of waste materials were also tried to use as a coarse aggregate in the mix design of pervious concrete. Some of waste materials showed very promising characteristics which can be effectively used in the mix design of pervious concrete with double environmental benefits. This review article provides an overview of some of the earlier investigations on pervious concrete made from waste and industrial by-product materials. The relationships between crushing strength, porosity and water permeability of the pervious concrete with different types of aggregate are presented in this paper. Steel slag, recycled aggregate, and palm oil clicker were among the waste materials utilized as aggregate in pervious concrete, showed comparable performance; even in some instances, better performance was achieved than pervious concrete made with conventional natural aggregate. The shape of waste aggregate, described by the elongation and flakiness indices, greatly affects the strength properties and water infiltration rate of pervious concrete. If these indices are high, the strength properties of the pervious concrete are significantly reduced, but the water permeability is significantly increased.
The Effect of Baghouse Dust from Secondary Aluminum Processing Waste on Cement Hydration and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Torfin Brysson , Byrd Ben , Huynh Linh , Lowry Michael , Tran Thien Q , Brand Alexander S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work studies the mechanical and chemical effects of utilizing baghouse dust (BHD) from secondary aluminum processing waste as a cement additive for potential use in concrete materials. The baghouse dust was added to cement pastes at replacements of 4 % and 8 % by cement mass. In addition, a combination of BHD and silica fume at different blended ratios were added to the cement mixture as a combined additive. Some reference proportions were also prepared for a comprehensive comparison. Unconfined compressive strength and the chemical composition of the extracted pore solution of the abovementioned hardened cement pastes were investigated. In addition, the effect of BHD on the hydration characteristics of the cement paste was also observed through isothermal calorimetry. It was found that an 8 % substitution of cement by BHD resulted in increased compressive strength after 1 day and 3 days of curing and a reduction of less than 2 % at 7 days of curing. Comparatively, samples with 8 % silica fume resulted in a strength increase of 17 %. As such, it was concluded that BHD addition of up to 8 % was not detrimental to concrete strength but did not improve performance either. This finding was supported by isothermal calorimetry data, which showed that the addition of BHD and the addition of silica fume both increased the initial peak of hydration and accelerated the hydration process but did not significantly impact the total energy of hydration over a period of 7 days. Finally, the high chloride content in BHD may promote corrosion in steel bars and increase concrete scaling potential.
Effects of the cross-sectional shape of drain pipes on seepage of rainwater
Authors: Kawai K , Nakashima K , Yasutomi K , Otaka N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Road and railway embankments are earth structures that lose stability under rainfall, and accumulation of rainfall causes an elevation of the phreatic surface within an embankment. For these reasons, drainage systems are needed when constructing an earth structure. Drain pipes are one type of drainage system applicable even for an existing earth structure. However, it is difficult to estimate the effects of the drain pipe quantitatively, and design and construction of drain pipes proceed according to past experience. In this study, the authors succeeded in expressing the drainage effects of drain pipes using an existing soil/water/air coupled analysis framework. This study specifically focused on the cross-sectional shape of drain pipes. Five kinds of cross-sectional drain pipe shapes were created, and rainfall infiltration series was simulated using the same procedure for each case. Consequently, the simulations determined that seepage behavior is dependent on the cross-sectional shape of the drain pipe. Furthermore, this analysis found that infiltrated rainwater does not drain when the phreatic surface is located below the drain pipe.
Ultimate bearing capacity of rigid strip footings on c-ϕ soil subjected to combined eccentric and inclined loading
Authors: Pham Ngoc Quang , Ohtsuka Satoru , Isobe Koichi , Hoang Phuong Hoa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present study calculated the maximum bearing capacity of a strip footing against eccentrically inclined coupled loading on c-ϕ soil, by means of the plane strain rigid plastic finite element method (RPFEM). The influence of soil strengths and footing width on the V-H and H-M failure envelopes (presenting the vertical load V, horizontal load H, and moment M) was thoroughly surveyed to assess the uniqueness of the V-H-M failure envelope. Based on the obtained results, the V-H-M failure envelope was found to be distinct for each value of normalized cohesion c/γB and internal friction angle ϕ. A novel equation, which is a function of c/γB and ϕ, was achieved to predict the failure envelope of the V-H-M limit load space.
Linking dynamics between anchors and granular materials
Authors: Vo Thanh-Trung , Nguyen Trung-Kien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The research quantitatively explores the linking properties between the circular plate anchor and the granular assembly during the failure process under the subject of a specified pullout force given to the anchor using three-dimensional discrete particle simulations. This circular anchor is created as a hard cluster of spherical grains and is initially buried at a depth in the granular assembly. The numerical method is constructed based on the frictional interaction force law. The linking dynamic is characterized by the variation of the drag force acting on such anchor due to interaction with grains at the bottom of the frustum which is formed during the uplifting movement of the anchor. The results show that the drag force acting on the anchor first reaches a nearly constant value corresponding to the loading phenomenon at small anchor movement, reflecting the plastic deformation of granular bed as a result of particle rearrangement, and then fluctuates in a wide range, this range increases with increasing the anchor movement as a result of the unloading/reloading events. These loading/unloading/reloading events provide evidence for the linking properties between the anchor movement and granular assembly, which are highlighted by the density and intensity of force network within the frustum.
Bidirectional load test in HoChiMinh City: a case history and lessons learned
Authors: Nguyen Tan , Shiau Jim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBidirectional static load tests to evaluate the axial load-bearing capacity of large cross-sectional bored piles are indispensable. Nonetheless, this test is complicated, costly, and easy to fail. A case history of a bidirectional static load test conducted in HoChiMinh City is reported and analyzed. In particular, a bored pile with 1.8m in diameter and ∼60m in embedment length, located in Tan Binh district, HoChiMinh City, is tested using the bidirectional static load test. The testing load is close to 48MN. The state-of-the-art methods to analyze the data of bidirectional load tests such as back-calculation, constructing equivalent load-displacement curve as head-down static load test, will be adopted then the lessons learned from the case history are elucidated. A guideline to carry out a bidirectional load test is presented. In essence, this study could facilitate the success of bidirectional load tests conducted on large cross-section bored piles.
Reclamation analysis to evaluate measures to increase an acceptable capacity of dredged clay disposal pond
Authors: Nishizono Katsuhide , Kitahara Masahiro , Katagiri Masaaki , Watabe Yoichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Shipping plays an important role in Japan surrounded by the sea and navigation channel must be dredged to accommodate the increasing size of vessels. Most of the dredged soil is usually discharged into a disposal pond. Since it is not easy to secure a new disposal pond, it is necessary to make effective use of the pond currently in use. Therefore, measures to accurately predict the amount of consolidation settlement of dredged soil discharged into the disposal pond are being studied. In this paper, regarding the Shinmoji-Oki disposal pond (S-3 area), which currently accepts dredged soil from the Kanmon waterway, we reported the way to discharge the dredged soil to the pond and the annual accumulated soil volume in it. Then, through the distribution chart of mud surface elevation in S-3 area and elapsed time, we clarified the effects of different way to discharge the dredged soil. Furthermore, to accurately estimate the future acceptable capacity of the pond, the prediction model identified by back analysis is also proposed.
Estimating Unconfined Compression Strength of Fly Ash and Cement Stabilised Clayey Soil using Artificial intelligence Techniques
Authors: Pham Van-Ngoc , Oh Erwin , Ong Dominic E. L. , Nguyen Hong-Hai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study aims to develop proposed predictive formulas for determining the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of fly ash and cement stabilised clayey soil based on Multi-Gene Genetic Programming (MGGP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. Thirteen parameters, including the soil characteristics, the binder types, the binder contents, the curing period, the mixing method, and the fly ash characteristics, such as calcium oxide (CaO) content, CaO/SiO2 ratio, loss of ignition, were considered as the independent variables in the model. The results show that the selected optimal ANN and MGGP models can predict the target values with high correlation coefficients (R-value approximately 0.994 and 0.973, respectively), and low errors. The performances of the MGGP and ANN models were compared based on statistical parameters and several external criteria. The study finds that both models show their generalisation capabilities with robust, powerful, and accurate prediction ability; however, the ANN model slightly outperforms the MGGP model. The proposed predictive equations formulated from the selected optimal MGGP and ANN models could help engineers and consultants to choose the suitable binder and a reasonable amount of fly ash in the pre-planning and pre-design period.
Potential impacts of rapidly changing european use of fossil fuels on global warming
Authors: Huntingford Chris , Lowe Jason , Gohar Laila K , Mathison Camilla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The balance of primary energy sources for Europe has been changing rapidly over recent decades, shifting towards more renewables and using fossil fuels with lower carbon emissions. However, the latter is being impacted by the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Here, we determine the potential bounds of how this may affect global warming, based on whether the European use of Russian gas and oil is replaced with either less efficient burning of coal (with and without the gas and oil then used in new markets elsewhere) or with renewables. We perform calculations as perturbations from a baseline carbon dioxide (CO2) trajectory associated with ‘middle range’ and ‘low’ Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP), SSP2-45 and SSP1-26. We calculate the CO2 perturbations as a simulated step change in emissions for the year 2023, which then decays linearly to zero by 2043. The emission profiles drive the FaIR simple climate model. FaIR links greenhouse gas emissions to global warming levels and includes a representation of warming uncertainty based on projections made using more complex Earth system models. We find that the direct impact of the conflict on the global mean temperature is likely to be relatively small, amounting to the worst case of nearly one-hundredth of a degree. This warming is equivalent to approximately an extra half year of current global CO2 emissions. However, we suggest that it is important to consider the implications of the precedents set by the European response to the reduced availability of Russian gas and oil. Such action may reveal the potential for faster uptake of low-carbon energy sources or the converse of backtracking on current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Gate-mesa trench enables enhanced β-Ga2O3 MOSFET with higher power figure of merit
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Luan Suzhen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this article, a gate-mesa trench (GMT) β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) device with enhanced performance and breakdown voltage improvement is proposed. Compared with the gate-field plate trench (GFPT), the breakdown voltage and power figure of merit (PFOM) of the GMT device are 2566 V and 680.53 MW cm−2 respectively, which are 1.56 times and 2.25 times higher than those of the GFPT, demonstrating excellent device performance. When the etch depth is 200 nm, the specific on-resistance of the GFPT and the GMT is 8.84 mΩ cm−2 and 9.76 mΩ cm−2, respectively, with the peak transconductance of the GFPT being 61.56 mS mm−1 when the epitaxial layer doping concentration is 3 × 1017 cm-3, which is 1.22 times that of the GMT. The high dielectric constant HfO2 dielectric can significantly improve the PFOM of the device, while the gate oxide Al2O3 drifts the threshold voltage to the right. This article presents a novel approach for designing high-performance enhanced β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs.
Smallworldness in hypergraphs
Authors: Raghav Tanu , Boccaletti Stefano , Jalan Sarika 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Most real-world networks are endowed with the small-world property, by means of which the maximal distance between any two of their nodes scales logarithmically rather than linearly with their size. The evidence sparkled a wealth of studies trying to reveal possible mechanisms through which the pairwise interactions amongst the units of a network are structured in a way to determine such observed regularity. Here we show that smallworldness occurs also when interactions are of higher order. Namely, by considering Q-uniform hypergraphs and a process through which connections can be randomly rewired with given probability p, we find that such systems may exhibit prominent clustering properties in connection with small average path lengths for a wide range of p values, in analogy to the case of dyadic interactions. The nature of small-world transition remains the same at different orders Q (

=

2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,

and 6) of the interactions, however, the increase in the hyperedge order reduces the range of rewiring probability for which smallworldness emerge.
Herbicide exposure during occupational knapsack spraying in French gardeners and municipal workers
Authors: Boulanger Mathilde , de Graaf Lucie , Pons Romain , Bouchart Valérie , Bureau Mathilde , Lecluse Yannick , Meryet-Figuiere Matthieu , Tual Séverine , Baldi Isabelle , Lebailly Pierre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
There is a lack of data on pesticide exposure levels during spraying with a knapsack, while it could have important implications for their users’ health.

Methods
We assessed levels and determinants of exposure in 24 male private landscapers/gardeners and municipal workers in France in 2011. Actual dermal exposure to glyphosate was assessed with cotton undergarments and gloves, and a cotton coverall changed between mixing and spraying to assess the contribution of each phase and body area to overall contamination. A field monitor observed the whole workshift and filled in a standardized observation grid.

Results
The median actual contamination was 5,256 µg for the body, and 4,620 µg for hands. Spraying was more exposing than mixing/loading for all body parts except hands, which contributed to nearly 90% of body exposure during mixing/loading, and 30% during spraying, followed by back (14%). In the most exposed quartile, levels were close to some observations in agriculture.

Conclusion
Our study provides new data on pesticide exposure levels of knapsack sprayer users; it should lead to a reinforced prevention, in order to make exposures as low as possible and lessen the risk of chronic diseases.
Antiseptic Techniques in Breast Implant Surgery: Insights From Plastic Surgeons in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mortada Hatan , Almutairi Faisal Falah , Alrobaiea Saad , Helmi Ayman M , Kattan Abdullah E , Gelidan Adnan G , Arab Khalid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast implant surgery is a popular procedure worldwide, and the same holds true for Saudi Arabia. Ensuring a sterile surgical environment is crucial to avert postoperative infections. This study explores the various antiseptic techniques adopted by Saudi plastic surgeons during breast implant procedures.

Objectives
This study aims to assess Saudi plastic surgeons’ adherence to antiseptic measures in breast implant surgery, and determine what types of antiseptic measures are most commonly used among Saudi plastic surgeons.

Methods
The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey among board-certified plastic surgeons in Saudi Arabia, collecting data through a self-administered online questionnaire. This questionnaire, which covered their demographic information and their antiseptic practices during breast implant surgery, was disseminated via a WhatsApp (Menlo Park, CA) broadcast message from May 15 to June 27, 2023.

Results
Of the 52 Saudi plastic surgeons who completed the questionnaire, all reported employing preoperative antibiotics and skin disinfection. Other measures included pocket irrigation (86.5%), implant irrigation (92.3%), sleeve/funnel usage (65.4%), nipple shield usage (51.9%), and glove change during the procedure (96.2%). Nearly, all respondents used only a surgical cap for head cover (96.2%) and postoperative antibiotics as prophylaxis (98.1%). However, more than half of them did not minimize door movement during the procedure (51.9%).

Conclusions
This study offers a valuable insight into the antiseptic practices during breast implant surgery in Saudi Arabia. The findings underline the need for further research to establish evidence-based guidelines for antiseptic practices in this field.

Level of Evidence: 5
Expression of trematode-induced zombie-ant behavior is strongly associated with temperature
Authors: Gasque Simone Nordstrand , Fredensborg Brian Lund 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Parasite-induced modification of host behavior increasing transmission to a next host is a common phenomenon. However, field-based studies are rare, and the role of environmental factors in eliciting host behavioral modification is often not considered. We examined the effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), time of day, date, and an irradiation proxy on behavioral modification of the ant Formica polyctena (Förster, 1850) by the brain-encysting lancet liver fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819). This fluke induces ants to climb and bite to vegetation by the mandibles in a state of temporary tetany. A total of 1264 individual ants expressing the modified behavior were observed over 13 non-consecutive days during one year in the Bidstrup Forests, Denmark. A sub-set of those ants (N = 172) was individually marked to track the attachment and release of infected ants in relation to variation in temperature. Infected ants primarily attached to vegetation early and late in the day, corresponding to low temperature and high RH, presumably coinciding with the grazing activity of potential herbivorous definitive hosts. Temperature was the single most important determinant for the induced phenotypic change. On warm days, infected ants altered between the manipulated and non-manipulated state multiple times, while on cool days, many infected ants remained attached to the vegetation all day. Our results suggest that the temperature sensitivity of the infected ants serves the dual purpose of exposing infected ants to the next host at an opportune time, while protecting them from exposure to high temperatures, which might increase host (and parasite) mortality.