bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zdybel Michał , Sowiński Wojciech , Strzoda Adam , Kamińska Magdalena , Strzoda Anna , Strzoda Agata , Juda Agata , Rojek Kornelia 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose of the work:
The mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux disease depends on reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of reduced tone of the lower esophageal sphincter. It presents itself in the form of symptoms coming from the esophagus, e.g. heartburn, as well as from outside of it. The aim of this paper is to collect and present current knowledge on gastroesophageal reflux disease as well as diagnosis and treatment through a review of the available literature.

Brief description of the state of the art:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease affects 18.1 - 27.8% of the US population and 8.8 - 25.9% of the European population. It is defined as the presence of troublesome symptoms or complications of reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. The etiology consists of many factors, such as improper diet, and low physical activity. The disease can manifest itself with symptoms from and outside the esophagus. Diagnosis is based primarily on the history, and in the presence of typical symptoms, therapy with proton pump inhibitors is initiated. Endoscopy and reflux measurement is used when there is no response to pharmacotherapy. The basic drugs are proton pump inhibitors, other drugs are complementary to the basic therapy. A lifestyle change is also recommended. Surgical treatment is an alternative, but it may not be a permanent solution. Other treatments include endoscopic incisionless fundoplication and radiofrequency treatment of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Summary:
Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease begins with an interview with the patient and empirical pharmacotherapy. If treatment is ineffective, endoscopy and pH measurement are performed. Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective drugs in the treatment of the disease, other drugs are used as a supplement. Surgical and endoscopic procedures are an alternative to chronic pharmacotherapy.
Internalization of Islamic Values in Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno , Wantini Wantini , Ahmadong Ahmadong , Khosiin Khamam , Samaalee Abdunrorma 
Published: May 2023

Muhammadiyah School is one of the largest and oldest private schools that influences the Islamic pattern of Indonesian society. In organizing education, Muhammadiyah uses Islamic core values of progress, namely a Manhaj, in understanding Islamic teachings that are responsive to the progress of the times. This study aims to explore strategies carried out by teachers in internalizing Islamic values in students. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers in five Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools in Yogyakarta. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis data. The results showed that Islamic values are promoted to be internalized by students through making teachers role models, integrating into school culture, integrating into general subjects, and cooperation between schools and parents. The research findings highlight the importance of involving various components in instilling Islamic values in schools.
Changing course: Glucose starvation drives nuclear accumulation of Hexokinase 2 in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Lesko Mitchell A. , Chandrashekarappa Dakshayini G. , Jordahl Eric M. , Oppenheimer Katherine G. , Bowman Ray W. , Shang Chaowei , Durrant Jacob D. , Schmidt Martin C. , O’Donnell Allyson F. 
Published: May 2023

Glucose is the preferred carbon source for most eukaryotes, and the first step in its metabolism is phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by hexokinases or glucokinases. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes three such enzymes, Hxk1, Hxk2, and Glk1. In yeast and mammals, some isoforms of this enzyme are found in the nucleus, suggesting a possible moonlighting function beyond glucose phosphorylation. In contrast to mammalian hexokinases, yeast Hxk2 has been proposed to shuttle into the nucleus in glucose-replete conditions, where it reportedly moonlights as part of a glucose-repressive transcriptional complex. To achieve its role in glucose repression, Hxk2 reportedly binds the Mig1 transcriptional repressor, is dephosphorylated at serine 15 and requires an N-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS).
We used high-resolution, quantitative, fluorescent microscopy of live cells to determine the conditions, residues, and regulatory proteins required for Hxk2 nuclear localization. Countering previous yeast studies, we find that Hxk2 is largely excluded from the nucleus under glucose-replete conditions but is retained in the nucleus under glucose-limiting conditions. We find that the Hxk2 N-terminus does not contain an NLS but instead is necessary for nuclear exclusion and regulating multimerization. Amino acid substitutions of the phosphorylated residue, serine 15, disrupt Hxk2 dimerization but have no effect on its glucose-regulated nuclear localization. Alanine substation at nearby lysine 13 affects dimerization and maintenance of nuclear exclusion in glucose-replete conditions. Modeling and simulation provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of this regulation. In contrast to earlier studies, we find that the transcriptional repressor Mig1 and the protein kinase Snf1 have little effect on Hxk2 localization. Instead, the protein kinase Tda1 regulates Hxk2 localization.
RNAseq analyses of the yeast transcriptome dispels the idea that Hxk2 moonlights as a transcriptional regulator of glucose repression, demonstrating that Hxk2 has a negligible role in transcriptional regulation in both glucose-replete and limiting conditions. Our studies define a new model of cis- and trans-acting regulators of Hxk2 dimerization and nuclear localization. Based on our data, the nuclear translocation of Hxk2 in yeast occurs in glucose starvation conditions, which aligns well with the nuclear regulation of mammalian orthologs. Our results lay the foundation for future studies of Hxk2 nuclear activity.
The prevalence of stroke among adults in Ethiopia from 2012 to 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Dembelu Maycas , Wosenyeleh Teklu , Gezimu Wubishet , Kumara Diriba 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and acquired disability worldwide. The burden of death and disability-adjusted life-years lost (DALYs) in lower-and-middle income countries (LMIC), were 86% and 89%, respectively. Ethiopia, one of SSA countries, is being affected by stroke and its consequence. The conception and development of this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol primarily based on the gap we noted from the previous systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, this review will fill knowledge gap by identifying and analyzing studies that used sound method in determiningthe last ten years stroke prevalence in Ethiopia.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Both published articles and gray literature will be gathered from online databases. Cross-sectional, case control, and cohort studies will be included as long as these studies report the magnitude of the problem under study. Both community and facility-based studies conducted in Ethiopia will be included. Those studies that did not report the main outcome variable will be excluded. Joanna Bridge Institute appraisal checklist will be used to assess the quality of individual studies. Two reviewers will independently appraise the full articles of studies related to our topic of interest. I2 and p-value will be used to check for heterogeneity of the studies’ outcome. Meta-regression will be used to identify source of heterogeneity. We will assess the presence of publication bias using funnel plot.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022380945.
Prospective acceptability of a multipurpose technology (MPT) implant in preclinical development to prevent HIV and unplanned pregnancy: Qualitative insights from women end users and health care providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Nkomo Sikhanyisiwe , Makoni Wanzirai , Shapley-Quinn Mary Kate , Luecke Ellen , Mbatsane Enough , Manenzhe Kgahlisho , Ahmed Khatija , Johnson Leah M. , Mahaka Imelda , van der Straten Ariane 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundGiven the high rates of both HIV and unintended pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa, the SCHIELD program aims to develop a multipurpose technology implant for HIV and pregnancy prevention. An end-user evaluation was undertaken with young women and health care providers to assess preferences for modifiable implant attributes to improve future adoption and rollout.MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted with potential women end users, and health care providers experienced in implant insertion or removal participated in in-depth interviews. All participants were recruited from Harare, Zimbabwe, or Soshanguve, South Africa. The purposively stratified sampled women were either implant experienced or implant naïve and were categorized into three groups: nulliparous, postpartum, or engaged in transactional sex. Topics covered included duration (six months to three years), biodegradability, removability, and independent rod retrievability (per indication). Data were analyzed using Dedoose software and summarized into emerging themes.ResultsParticipants identified three key areas that could facilitate rollout, uptake, and adherence of an implant for HIV and pregnancy prevention. First, discreetness was the most salient topic and was associated with implant characteristics such as anatomical location, flexibility, and biodegradability. Second, the ability to independently retrieve the HIV or pregnancy prevention component was preferred, as life circumstances may change and was favored by all participants, except for young women in Soshanguve. Third, there is a need for proper counseling, sensitization, provider training, and health campaigns to facilitate rollout of a 2-in-1 implant.ConclusionsA 2-in-1 implant was seen as highly desirable by most young women and health care providers. Participants discussed potential concerns and barriers to uptake of a biodegradable implant with dual HIV prevention and contraceptive properties, identifying key implant attributes that product developers can modify while still in preclinical stages.
The Language(s) of Politics: Multilingual Policy-Making in the European Union, Nils Ringe (2022)
Authors: Basurto Arman , Domínguez-Jiménez Marta 
Published: May 2023

Review of: The Language(s) of Politics: Multilingual Policy-Making in the European Union, Nils Ringe (2022)
Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 264 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-47205-513-5, p/bk, $34.95
ADSORPTION PURIFICATION OF UNREFINED VEGETABLE OILS WITH BENTONITE CLAY OF ZYRYANSK DEPOSIT
Authors: Mostalygina Lidiya Vital'yevna , Elizarova Svetlana Nikolayevna , Kostin Aleksandr Vadimovich , Bogdanovskaya Inna Aleksandrovna 
Published: May 2023

Magnesium ions predominate in the exchange complex of bentonite clay from the Zyryanskoye deposit. The amount of exchange cations varies within 76–95 mmol equivalents. The main rock-forming mineral of Zyryansk bentonite is montmorillonite. The adsorption and desorption isotherm of nitrogen by bentonite clay from the Zyryanskoe deposit has the form of a hysteresis loop, which is typical for bentonite clays from other deposits and corresponds to adsorption in mesoporous solids.
The dynamics of the content of free fatty acids ((FFA (acid number (AN)) and peroxide compounds ((PC (peroxide number (PN)) in samples of unrefined vegetable oils: sunflower oil “Sloboda” and linseed oil “Yeleya” was studied. Six months later the AN and the PN in unrefined linseed oil, and the AN in unrefined sunflower oil increased, but the numbers did not exceed the maximum permissible values. The PN in unrefined sunflower oil increased by 6.4 times and exceeded the maximum permissible values.
Isotherms of sorption of FFA and PC by native bentonite clay (NG) of the Zyryansk deposit have been obtained. The kinetics of sorption of FFA and PC of sunflower and linseed oil has been studied. The equilibration time is 90–120 min. The optimum operation of sorption of FFA and PC has been determined (static operation with stirring for 2 h at a ratio of m(clay) : V(oil)=1 g : 40 ml.
The maximum degree of extraction of FFA from sunflower oil by bentonite clay was 31%; from linseed – 9%. The degree of extraction of PC from sunflower oil by bentonite clay was 48%, from linseed oil – 33%.
APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED PRODUCTS TO INCREASE HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF CRAFT PA-PER
Authors: Potashev Aleksandr Viktorovich , Guryev Aleksandr Vladislavovich , Medvedev Vasiliy Viktorovich 
Published: May 2023

We devoted our research to study and substantiate the possibility of using products based on commercial chitosan. As an animal polysaccharide, it was applied as an additive in manufacturing laboratory samples of kraft packaging paper with increased hydrophobic properties.
The research aimed to optimize conditions to produce packaging kraft paper by means of mathematical planning method of the experiment in accordance with the three factor uniform-rotatable second-order model by Box and Hunter.
It is shown that that the effective hydrophobization of a fairly thin cellulose fibrous material, weight of 1 m2 70 g, is possible. In the studied factor space, we have established mathematical dependences that fit well the influence of the main technological parameters – the consumption of chitosan (0.5–1.5%), the beating degree of paper pulp (25–35 °SR) and softwood content in fiber furnish (80–100%) on the hydrophobicity (increasing moisture resistance) of paper and its physical and mechanical properties.
It is shown that the presence of chitosan in fiber furnish leads to the hydrophobicity of kraft paper in terms of surface water absorption during one-sided wetting (Cobb test) increases many times and reaches 24–25 g/m2 at the maximum product consumption (1.5%). At the same time, the values of beating degree of paper pulp and softwood content in fiber furnish can vary in a fairly wide technological range, in accordance with the studied factor spaces.
Increasing the consumption of chitosan, the beating degree of pulp fibers and softwood content in fiber furnish simultaneously provides an increase in the values of almost all physical and mechanical properties of laboratory kraft packaging paper.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND FORAGE VALUE OF GLYCYRRHIZA PALLIDIFLORA MAXIM. GRASS INTRODUCED IN KUZBASS
Authors: Pinchuk Lyudmila Grigor'yevna , Egorova Irina Nikolaevna , Maltseva Elena Mikhailovna 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the work is to study the pale-flowered licorice (Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.) of the legume family (Fabaceae) herb amino acid composition and forage value, introduced in the Kuzbass. Eighteen proteinogenic amino acids were identified in the raw materials of the third and fourth years of introduction. Eight of them are irreplaceable and ten of them are replaceable. The amino acids total content differed significantly by years and amounted to 6.266±0.89% in the third year and 12.541±0.51% in the fourth year. The content of tryptophan, arginine, leucine+isoleucine, valine, histidine, aspartic acid, and serine varied more strongly from year to year. The content of proline, tyrosine, and methionine varied less. Amino acids with polar negatively charged radicals (acidic) prevail. Their part of the total amino acid content averages 36.20%. Amino acid’s part with non-polar radicals (neutral) is slightly less – 31.80%. The smallest specific weight had amino acids with polar positively charged radicals (basic) 11.85%. Aspartic and glutamic acids, leucine+isoleucine, arginine, serine, proline were characterized by a larger part of the total amino acids.
The crude fat, protein, ash, Barnstein protein, nitrogen-free extractive substances and phosphorus content reached the highest values in the third and fourth years. The crude fiber and calcium amount decreased with increasing plant age. Metabolic energy and energy feed units for raw nutrients for cattle averaged 8.98 MJ/kg and 0.90, respectively. The highest values were reached in the third and fourth years of cultivation. Thus, pale-flowered licorice grass is a promising plant as a fodder crop and for the preparation of feed additives.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PERM RE-GION
Authors: Gorokhov Valeriy Yur'yevich , Yakimova Irina Dmitriyevna , Stryapunina Ol'ga Gennad'yevna 
Published: May 2023

The paper considers the antioxidant properties of water and alcohol extractions of fermented and unfermented fireweed of the narrow-leaved fireweed family (Chamerion Angustifolium Onagraceae), St.), bitter wormwood (Artemisia absintium L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense). The effect of the fermentation process, solvent, and extraction time on antioxidant activity (AOA) was studied. A comparative assessment of the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants of the Perm region was carried out. Using the potentiometric method, it was found that the AOA values of water extracts of fireweed angustifolia increase with the time of extraction. Fireweed weakly fermented (finely ground) and fermented (finely ground) have the highest AOA values during extraction within 24 hours. Shoots of young fireweed angustifolia have very low AOA values compared to unfermented and fermented samples. The AOA of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants increases with the time of their extraction. Oregano has the highest AOA value – 2.78×10-2 mol-equiv, and red clover has the lowest value – 0.37×10-2 mol-equiv. The highest value of AOA among mixtures of medicinal plants has a mixture of oregano with fermented fireweed (finely ground) – 2.52×10-2 mol-equiv. It has been established that extracts prepared from 40% ethanol solution for fireweed angustifolia and 20 and 40% for oregano have the highest AOA values. The AOA values for the alcohol extract of oregano increase depending on the time of its extraction.
SULPHATE COOKING OF THE DEAD SOFT WOOD
Authors: Pen Robert Zus'evich , Marchenko Roman Aleksandrovich , Shapiro Ida L'vovna , Ambrosovich Yuliya Alekseyevna , Karetnikova Natal'ya Viktorovna 
Published: May 2023

The samples of dead wood (the pine, spruce, fir, cedar), damaged in 2017 by the siberian silkmoth and cedar-tree borer is displayed at April 2022 on the Yenisei region of Krasnoyarsk Territory with for sulphate delignification, optimization of the cooking process, estimation of the unbleached cellulose characteristics, determination of the possibility of its use as fibrous semi-finished product of cellulose-paper production. The sulphate cookings are executed in laboratory autoclave under the following constant conditions: hydromodule 4.8; the degree sulfiditiy of the cooking solution 20.8%; the temperature 170 °C. In the course of experiment varied the active alkali consumption (15.5–18.5% from wood mass in unit Na2O) and duration of the isothermal cooking (4.5–6.5 hours). The dependencies of the output and of the cellulose characteristics from these factor is approximated by the regression equations of the second order. Mathematical model of the cookig process obtained such way is used for graphic presentation result in type of the three-dimensional surfaces of the response and for calculation of the best values of the variable cooking factor: consumption active alkali 16.2%; cooking duration 6.1 hour. All samples of the wood was be cooking separately on optimal regime. The cooking results: the cellulose output 37.9–41.3%; the no-cooked part less 1%; degree of the cellulose delignification 23–29 Kаppа unit (the mass part of the lignin 3.38–4.21%); the explosive length 8130– 9250 m; the forcing through resistance 400–490 кPа; tearing resistance 630–870 mmN; break resistance 380–460 bends. The characteristic of the all cellulose samples answer to the mark NS-3. It is noted significant reduction of the cellulose output (on 10–2%) in comparison with cellulose similar degree delignification from sound wood.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VOLATILE COMPONENTS PULICARIA SALVIIFOLIA AND P. GNAPHALODES AND THEIR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Melieva Shohista Olimovna , Turaeva Saida Muratovna , Zakirova Rano Pulatovna , Eshbakova Komila Alibekovna 
Published: May 2023

Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes belong to one of the richest terpenoid plants of the genus Pulicaria (family Asteraceae). The genus includes 63 species, 16 species grow in Uzbekistan. In folk medicine, plants are actively used to treat various diseases, and have long been used as a natural remedy for mosquitoes, flies and fleas. Secondary plant metabolites are of great practical interest as a natural raw material for the creation of biopesticides.
The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the volatile components of gasoline fractions of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes plants and to study their insecticidal activity against the number of insect pests.
For the first time, the composition of volatiles in the aerial parts of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes was studied by GC/MS. It was revealed that the predominant components of P. salviifolia are β-terpineol (10.44%), isospatulenol (8.00%), iceol (6.79%), sabinene hydrate (5.72%), l-caryophyllene (4.24%), terpinene-4-ol (4.07%), d-cadinene (3.65%), α-amorphous (2.30%). Calaminene (12.44%), 2-phenylpyrazol-3-amine (8.61%), 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (7.71%), 1,8-cineole (6.06%), 2-heptene dominate among the volatile substances of P. gnaphalodes-1-ol, 2-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)-, (E)- (6.04%), 1-bromohomoadamantane (5.73%), 7-acetyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (4.83%). Gasoline fractions of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes were tested for insecticidal activity against apple aphid (Aphis pomi), peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus). An insecticidal activity was studied in laboratory conditions. A comparative study of the biological activity of the fractions showed that the biological efficiency of the P. gnaphalodes extract fraction after 24 hours at 0.5% concentration was higher: in relation to Aphis pomi 96.6%, Myzus persicae Sulzer – 76.0% and Callosobruchus maculatus – 90.0%, for the fraction of Pulicaria salviifolia extract in a 0.5% dose, these indicators were 60.2%, 72.0% and 86.6%, respectively.
Barriers Faced by Youth in Seeking Cultural Heritage Information
Authors: Shimray Somipam R , Ramaiah Chennupati K. 
Published: May 2023

Knowing barriers to information seeking is imperative as it regulates the degree to which individuals can access different sources. The aim of this study is to examine the barriers faced while seeking cultural heritage information. A survey-based questionnaire was used to collect data from the state of Manipur, India. The study employs stratified random sampling techniques and a sample of 400 respondents participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Before analyzing the data validity and reliability test was carried out. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. An independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was administered to determine significant difference between demographic variables and study variables. The mean analysis revealed, “information is not readily available” with a mean score=3.59 is the most vital barriers. 12 studied variables were subjected to factor analysis and generated three factors, i.e. independent, administrative and management barriers. Statistical analysis revealed that gender difference plays a significant role in dissimilarity in seeking CHI with an individual barrier; with p=0.050, female respondents have a higher difference with a mean score = 3.4289.