bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Joule-Humphrey-Recuperator Cycle: Performance and Parametric Analysis Evaluation Toward More Efficient Air Transportation
Authors: Saavedra Jorge , Cadarso Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A three-stream combined Joule-Humphrey cycle that employs a heat recovery stream to function as a recuperator is presented. Based on an in-house developed thermodynamic performance tool, the operation of a modified dual-shaft turbofan engine is proposed. The engine core is modified by adding an intercooler and a reheating chamber to approach isothermal compression and expansion processes. A fraction of the primary flow is introduced into a reheat chamber that uses rotating detonation combustion (RDC) technology. The outflow of the RDC is then merged with the rest of the nucleus current before being discharged to the next turbine stage. The overall system behavior is captured by means of a nonlinear mathematical model featuring eight decision variables, including mass flow rates and compression ratios. A parametric analysis identifies the operational and performance envelope of the proposed engine concept. Ultimately, the model is endowed with an objective function, which includes global efficiency and thrust looking for an operation regime that boosts the thermodynamic performance. A generalized reduced gradient based algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear model, where each iteration solves a linearly constrained subproblem to generate a search direction. The performance and operational envelope presented here could be used as guidance for others considering the implementation of any of the discussed Joule cycle modifications or assessing the cost-effective balance of their use.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Small-Scale Combustor Design Optimization Utilizing a Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Briones Alejandro M. , Paxton Brendan T. , Rankin Brent A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work demonstrates the capability of an open-source autonomous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) metamodeling environment (OpenACME) for optimizing small-scale combustor designs. OpenACME couples several object-oriented programing open-source codes for CFD-assisted design using a decomposition-based many-objective evolutionary algorithm. The CFD is based on steady, incompressible, three-dimensional simulations with k–ω SST RANS and flamelet/progress variable combustion model. There are five unconstrained design variables based on combustor liner dilution hole diameters. The CFD results are compared with existing experimental data in terms of combustion efficiency as a function of severity parameter. The comparison demonstrates that the CFD methods capture combustion efficiency trends. Next, more than 500 combustor designs are evaluated with OpenACME. A Pareto Frontier is generated in terms of combustion efficiency, pattern factor, and total pressure losses. Pseudo-weights are used to select a nondominated Pareto Frontier design point for future fabrication and experimental testing. OpenACME is demonstrated to be a viable tool for small-scale combustor design optimization.
Temperature-Humidity-Bias Testing and Life Prediction Modeling for Electrochemical Migration in Aerosol-Jet Printed Circuits
Authors: Zhao Beihan , Bharamgonda Aniket , Quinn Edwin , Stackhouse George , Fleischer Jason , Osterman Michael , Azarian Michael H. , Hines Daniel R. , Das Siddhartha , Dasgupta Abhijit 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aerosol-Jet Printing (AJP) technology, applied to the manufacturing of printed hybrid electronics (PHE) devices, has the capability to fabricate highly complex structures with resolution in the tens-of-microns scale, creating new possibilities for the fabrication of electronic devices and assemblies. The widespread use of AJP in fabricating PHE and package-level electronics necessitates a thorough assessment of not only the performance of AJP printed electronics but also their reliability under different kinds of life-cycle operational and environmental stresses. One important hindrance to the reliability and long-term performance of such AJP electronics is electrochemical migration (ECM). ECM is an important failure mechanism in electronics under temperature and humidity conditions because it can lead to conductive dendritic growth, which can cause dielectric breakdown, leakage current, and unexpected short circuits. In this paper, the ECM propensity in conductive traces printed with AJP process, using silver-nanoparticle (AgNP) based inks, was experimentally studied using temperature-humidity-bias (THB) testing of printed test coupons. Conductive dendritic growth with complex morphologies was observed under different levels of temperature, humidity, and electric bias in the THB experiments. Weibull statistics are used to quantify the failure data, along with the corresponding confidence bounds to capture the uncertainty of the Weibull distribution. A nonmonotonic relationship between time-to-failure and electric field strength was noticed. An empirical acceleration model for ECM is proposed, by combining the classical Peck's model with a quadratic polynomial dependence on electric field strength. This model provides good estimate of acceleration factors for use conditions where the temperature, humidity, and electrical field are within the tested range, but should be extrapolated with care beyond the tested range.
Damping and Stiffness Mistuning Effects in a Bladed Disk With Varied Disk Coupling
Authors: Krizak Troy , Kurstak Eric , D'Souza Kiran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Component mode mistuning (CMM) is a well-known, well documented reduced order modeling technique that effectively models small variations in blade-to-blade stiffness for bladed disks. In practice, bladed disks always have variations, referred to as mistuning, and are a focus of a large amount of research. One element that is commonly ignored from small mistuning implementations is the variation within the blade-to-blade damping values. This work seeks to better understand the effects of damping mistuning by utilizing both structural and proportional damping formulations. This work builds from previous work that implemented structural damping mistuning reduced order models formulated based on CMM. A similar derivation was used to create reduced order models with a proportional damping formulation. The damping and stiffness mistuning values investigated in this study were derived using measured blade natural frequencies and damping ratios from high-speed rotating experiments on freestanding blades. The two separate damping formulations that are presented give very similar results, enabling the user to select their preferred method for a given application. A key parameter investigated in this work is the significance of blade-to-blade coupling. The blade-to-blade coupling study investigates how the level of coupling impacts damping mistuning effects versus applying average damping to the bladed disk model. Also, the interaction of stiffness and damping mistuning is studied. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to determine amplification factors, or the ratio of mistuned blade responses to tuned blade responses, for various mistuning levels and patterns.
Centrifugal Compressor Surge in Innovative Heat Pump: Fluid Dynamic and Vibrational Analysis
Authors: Ferrando Marco , Reboli Tommaso , Reggio Federico , Niccolini Carlo Alberto , Silvestri Paolo , Traverso Alberto , Sishtla Vishnu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the current energy scenario, it is necessary to reduce fossil fuel consumption to achieve the far-sighted and stringent decarbonization goals. To date, heat is mainly produced through fossil fuels. Alternatively, electrically driven heat pumps can exploit renewable power to recover environmental and waste heat, offering energy efficient and environmentally friendly heating and cooling for applications ranging from domestic and commercial buildings to process industries. For this reason, they are expected to play a primary role in complementing or displacing natural gas boilers in the residential and industrial sectors in the near future. Centrifugal compressors are already used as prime movers of the working fluid in heat pumps, thanks to their industrial replicability, compact size, affordable costs, and good performance in terms of efficiency and low noise. However, they are subject to instabilities such as surge and stall like any other dynamic compressor and these phenomena develop quite differently than in classic open-loop systems such as gas turbines. In fact, such peculiarity is mainly due to the closed-loop configuration with real gases in two-phase conditions, occurring in typical heat pump cycles. In addition, heat exchangers also contribute to make these phenomena different from what is commonly studied. Compressor surge in closed-loop heat pump systems has received lower attention than other applications by the engineering community, lacking dedicated experimental characterization, and clear exposition of the phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to experimentally investigate the behavior of a centrifugal compressor installed into an innovative close loop heat pump system under stable and unstable conditions from both vibrational and fluid-dynamic points of view. The impact of the main process parameters on the evolution of the instability is shown, highlighting how surge cycles change by varying system operating conditions. The energy contents of surge cycles and pressure fluctuations are highlighted, using data postprocessing techniques such as fast Fourier transform and phase locked average. The vibro-acoustic analysis enrich the comprehension of the phenomena. The experimental results shown in this paper can be a basis for the future development of validated mathematical models of closed-loop heat pumps systems equipped with dynamic compressors operating under stable and unstable operating conditions.
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Physisorption-Based Hydrogen Storage System
Authors: Schueler Yannik , Otto Marcel , Kapat Jayanta , Schmitt Joshua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Alternative long-term storage of energy is becoming increasingly important due to climate change. Hydrogen-based storage technologies have long been considered promising alternatives to batteries. However, the different forms of hydrogen storage have various disadvantages and are still comparatively expensive. As an alternative, this paper deals with a new concept for hydrogen storage, the Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC). It is intended as an intermediate between high-pressure and liquid storage to exploit the advantages and reduce the disadvantages. This paper ranks the CFC technology against the others. For this purpose, it investigates the economic viability and the specific application as a grid-connected system. A complete system from hydrogen production and storage to conversion into electrical energy is considered. In detail, the costs for storage and storage time are compared, and the size scaling of a CFC-based system as a grid-connected system is examined. The Levelized Costs of Energy (LCOE) are calculated and compared as a benchmark. It turns out that a CFC-based storage system also requires a tremendous amount of energy in the form of liquid nitrogen and the associated operational costs for cooling down the hydrogen. Nevertheless, the overall operating costs are between high-pressure and liquid hydrogen storage. Most surprising is the LCOE, which, at 0.192 $/kWh–0.234 $/kWh, is well within the range of the other storage technologies. As a grid-connected storage system, CFC technology can be used as a small- to a medium-scale energy storage system, e.g., to serve smaller neighborhoods.
Performance Evaluation of Additively Manufactured and Hybrid Indexable Milling Tools in Machining of AISI4140+QT and Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Kelliger Tobias , Meurer Markus , Bergs Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM) cutting tools enable new design concepts in tool development concerning lightweight construction, damping behavior, and internal cutting fluid supply. So far, the impact of the layer-by-layer manufacturing technique onto the tool performance during machining of aerospace materials is widely unknown. In this study, the performance characteristics of AM indexable milling tools were investigated and compared to a conventionally manufactured tool of the same geometry. The AM tools were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) from a newly developed bainitic steel alloy. All tools were analyzed with two main focuses. Outside the machine tool, geometrical characteristics and mechanical properties were taken into account. Inside the machine tool, during roughing of AISI4140+QT (42CrMo4+QT) and Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM Ti-Grade 5), tool wear, cutting forces, surface roughness and vibration behavior were evaluated. Three tool concepts were compared, a conventional tool, an AM tool, and a hybrid tool with a conventionally manufactured preform and an AM head. Differences in the performance behavior could be traced back mainly to geometrical inaccuracies caused during postprocessing of the tools. Thus, LPBF-manufactured basic bodies seem to meet the requirements as applications for indexable milling tools. Based on this work, future investigations using AM cutting tools can be carried out assuming a negligible influence of the manufacturing technique onto the tool performance during machining.
A Novel Port to Facilitate Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy for Glioma
Authors: Rodriguez Benjamin , Campbell Peter , Borrello Joseph , Odland Ian , Williams Tyree , Hrabarchuk Eugene I. , Young Tirone , Sharma Anirudh , Schupper Alexander J. , Rapoport Benjamin , Ivkov Robert , Hadjipanayis Constantinos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most common primary brain malignancy and continue to be associated with a dismal prognosis (median survival rate of 15–18 months) with standard of care therapy. Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is an emerging intervention that leverages the ferromagnetic properties of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) to target cancer cells that are otherwise left behind after resection. We report a novel port device to facilitate localization, delivery, and temperature measurement of MIONPs within a target lesion for MHT therapy. We conducted an in-depth literature and intellectual property review to define specifications of the conceived port device. After setting the design parameters, a thorough collaboration with neurological surgeons guided the iterative modeling process. A prototype was developed using Fusion 360 (Autodesk, San Rafael, CA) and printed on a Form 3 printer (Formlabs, Medford, MA) in Durable resin. The prototype was then tested in a phantom skull printed on a Pro-Jet 660Pro 3D printer (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) and a brain model based on mechanical and electrochemical properties of native brain tissue. This phantom underwent MHT heating tests using an alternating magnetic field (AMF) sequence based on current MHT workflow. Successful localization, delivery, and temperature measurement were demonstrated. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create and validate the procedural framework for a novel device, providing the groundwork for an upcoming comprehensive animal trial and second, to elucidate a cooperative approach between engineers and clinicians that propels advancements in medical innovation.
A Novel Fiber-Reinforced Poroviscoelastic Bovine Intervertebral Disc Finite Element Model for Organ Culture Experiment Simulations
Authors: Ristaniemi Aapo , Šećerović Amra , Grad Sibylle , Ferguson Stephen J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and methods for repair and regeneration have commonly been studied in organ cultures with animal IVDs under compressive loading. With the recent establishment of a novel multi-axial organ culture system, accurate predictions of the global and local mechanical response of the IVD are needed for control system development and to aid in experiment planning. This study aimed to establish a finite element model of bovine IVD capable of predicting IVD behavior at physiological and detrimental load levels. A finite element model was created based on the dimensions and shape of a typical bovine IVD used in the organ culture. The nucleus pulposus (NP) was modeled as a neo-Hookean poroelastic material and the annulus fibrosus (AF) as a fiber-reinforced poroviscoelastic material. The AF consisted of 10 lamella layers and the material properties were distributed in the radial direction. The model outcome was compared to a bovine IVD in a compressive stress-relaxation experiment. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of different material parameters on the overall IVD response. The model was able to capture the equilibrium response and the relaxation response at physiological and higher strain levels. Permeability and elastic stiffness of the AF fiber network affected the overall response most prominently. The established model can be used to evaluate the response of the bovine IVD at strain levels typical for organ culture experiments, to define relevant boundaries for such studies, and to aid in the development and use of new multi-axial organ culture systems.
N-linked glycoproteins and host proteases are involved in swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus entry
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Xi , Zheng Jiang-Nan , Yang Li-Jun , Luo Yun , Yao Yu-Lin , Liu Mei-Qin , Xie Ting-ting , Lin Hao-Feng , He Yan-Tong , Zhou Peng , Hu Ben , Tian Rui-Jun , Shi Zheng-Li 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is highly pathogenic to piglets and poses a major threat to the swine industry. SADS-CoV has a wide cell tropism and pathogenic potential in younger animals. Therefore, understanding how SADS-CoV enters cells is essential for curbing its re-emergence and spread. Here, we report that tunicamycin, an N-linked glycoprotein inhibitor, inhibited the attachment of SADS-CoV to host cells, suggesting that the SADS-CoV receptor may be an N-linked glycoprotein but not Neu5Gc or Neu5Ac. Moreover, we found that exogenous trypsin, endogenous serine protease, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and lysosomal acidification triggered SADS-CoV entry into cells. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SADS-CoV entry and provide insights into the development of potential antiviral targets against SADS-CoV.

IMPORTANCE
Gaining insight into the cell-entry mechanisms of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is critical for investigating potential cross-species infections. Here, we demonstrated that pretreatment of host cells with tunicamycin decreased SADS-CoV attachment efficiency, indicating that N-linked glycosylation of host cells was involved in SADS-CoV entry. Common N-linked sugars Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac did not interact with the SADS-CoV S1 protein, suggesting that these molecules were not involved in SADS-CoV entry. Additionally, various host proteases participated in SADS-CoV entry into diverse cells with different efficiencies. Our findings suggested that SADS-CoV may exploit multiple pathways to enter cells, providing insights into intervention strategies targeting the cell entry of this virus.
Interferon regulatory factor 7 modulates virus clearance and immune responses to alphavirus encephalomyelitis
Authors: Troisi Elizabeth M. , Nguyen Benjamin H. , Baxter Victoria K. , Griffin Diane E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Central nervous system (CNS) infection with Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototypic alphavirus, results in encephalomyelitis in a well-established mouse model that is used to characterize immune factors important in controlling viral infection in neurons. We have previously shown that interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7 is required for survival from SINV encephalomyelitis, as mice deficient in IRF7 (
Irf7
−/−
) develop paralysis and fatal disease within 7–8 days after infection without clearing infectious virus from the CNS. To determine the contributions of this innate immune factor in the prevention of fatal disease, we characterized the antiviral immune response to SINV infection in
Irf7
−/−
and C57BL/6J [wild-type (WT)] mice.

Irf7
−/

−
mice had prolonged and widespread viral infection in motor neuron-rich regions of the CNS associated with more rapid and severe immunopathology in these regions. Proportions of CD8
+
T cells and inflammatory macrophages were higher in
Irf7
−/−
mice following infection, but T cells infiltrating the CNS produced fewer antiviral cytokines than in WT mice. Levels of IFN-γ and SINV-specific antibody in motor neuron-rich regions of the brain were comparable or higher than WT, indicating that IRF7 deficiency does not impair expression of these immune factors important in facilitating viral clearance. Therefore, IRF7 is required for the clearance of SINV from motor neuron-rich regions of the CNS through a mechanism that either is necessary for the neuronal response to currently identified mediators of infectious virus clearance or enables the production of additional antiviral factor(s) needed for clearance.

IMPORTANCE

Viral encephalomyelitis outcome is dependent on host responses to neuronal infection. Interferon (IFN) is an important component of the innate response, and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 is an inducible transcription factor for the synthesis of IFN-α. IRF7-deficient mice develop fatal paralysis after CNS infection with Sindbis virus, while wild-type mice recover.
Irf7
−/−
mice produce low levels of IFN-α but high levels of IFN-β with induction of IFN-stimulated genes, so the reason for this difference is not understood. The current study shows that
Irf7
−/−
mice developed inflammation earlier but failed to clear virus from motor neuron-rich regions of the brainstem and spinal cord. Levels of IFN-γ and virus-specific antibody were comparable, indicating that IRF7 deficiency does not impair expression of these known viral clearance factors. Therefore, IRF7 is either necessary for the neuronal response to currently identified mediators of clearance or enables the production of additional antiviral factor(s) needed for clearance.