bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anchoring a Structurally Editable Proximal Cofactor‐like Module to Construct an Artificial Dual‐center Peroxygenase
Authors: Qin Xiangquan , Jiang Yiping , Yao Fuquan , Chen Jie , Kong Fanhui , Zhao Panxia , Jin Longyi , Cong Zhiqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA recent novel strategy for constructing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) that target new‐to‐nature functions uses dual‐functional small molecules (DFSMs) with catalytic and anchoring groups for converting P450BM3 monooxygenase into a peroxygenase. However, this process requires excess DFSMs (1000 equivalent of P450) owing to their low binding affinity for P450, thus severely limiting its practical application. Herein, structural optimization of the DFSM‐anchoring group considerably enhanced their binding affinity by three orders of magnitude (Kd≈10−8 M), thus approximating native cofactors, such as FMN or FAD in flavoenzymes. An artificial cofactor‐driven peroxygenase was thus constructed. The co‐crystal structure of P450BM3 bound to a DFSM clearly revealed a precatalytic state in which the DFSM participates in H2O2 activation, thus facilitating peroxygenase activity. Moreover, the increased binding affinity substantially decreases the DFSM load to as low as 2 equivalents of P450, while maintaining increased activity. Furthermore, replacement of catalytic groups showed disparate selectivity and activity for various substrates. This study provides an unprecedented approach for assembling ArMs by binding editable organic cofactors as a co‐catalytic center, thereby increasing the catalytic promiscuity of P450 enzymes.
Tuning the Stacking Modes of Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet Membranes for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Song Shizheng , Wang Wei , Zhao Yali , Wu Wufeng , Wei Yanying , Wang Haihui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes are considered potential gas separation membranes of the next generation due to their structural diversity and geometrical functionality. However, achieving a rational structure design for a 2D MOF membrane and understanding the impact of MOF nanosheet stacking modes on membrane separation performance remain challenging tasks. Here, we report a novel kind of 2D MOF membrane based on [Cu2Br(IN)2]n (IN=isonicotinato) nanosheets and propose that synergetic stacking modes of nanosheets have a significant influence on gas separation performance. The stacking of the 2D MOF nanosheets is controlled by solvent droplet dynamic behaviors at different temperatures of drop coating. Our 2D MOF nanosheet membranes exhibit high gas separation performances for H2/CH4 (selectivity >290 with H2 permeance >520 GPU) and H2/CO2 (selectivity >190 with H2 permeance >590 GPU) surpassing the Robeson upper bounds, paving a potential way for eco‐friendly H2 separation.
A review of the use of scraped surface heat exchangers to crystallize fats and fat‐based products
Authors: da Silva Thais Lomonaco Teodoro , Martini Silvana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScraped surface heat exchangers (SSHE) are very important in many industries including chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food. Some of the applications of SSHE in the food industry are to control the crystallization process in fats and frozen desserts, among other applications. This can be achieved because of the scraping action of the fixed blades that continuously rotate within the cooling surface removing the crystallized product from the surface, improving heat transfer, preventing crystal build‐up on the wall, and accelerating the crystallization process. There are many process parameters that can be controlled in the SSHE to control and tailor the fat crystallization process, and many fat‐based products can benefit from this machine, such as shortenings, spreads, and chocolates. Moreover, SSHE have recently been coupled to other processing devices such as high intensity ultrasound (HIU), high pressure homogenizers, and others to improve the crystallization process even further. This review focuses on the importance of SSHE in fat and fat‐based products and discusses the importance of the parameters of the SSHE in the crystallization process, as well as how they affect the physical properties of different fat sources and spreads.
Transmission Porosimetry Study on High‐quality Zr‐fum‐MOF Thin Films
Authors: Keppler Nils Christian , Hannebauer Adrian , Hindricks Karen Deli Josephine , Zailskas Saskia , Schaate Andreas , Behrens Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCrystalline Zr‐fum‐MOF (MOF‐801) thin films of high quality are prepared on glass and silicon substrates by direct growth under solvothermal conditions. The synthesis is described in detail and the influence of different synthesis parameters such as temperature, precursor concentration, and the substrate type on the quality of the coatings is illustrated. Zr‐fum‐MOF thin films are characterized in terms of crystallinity, porosity, and homogeneity. Dense films of optical quality are obtained. The sorption behavior of the thin films is studied with various adsorptives. It can be easily monitored by measuring the transmission of the films in gas flows of different compositions. This simple transmission measurement at only one wavelength allows a very fast evaluation of the adsorption properties of thin films as compared to traditional sorption methods. The sorption behavior of the thin films is compared with the sorption properties of Zr‐fum‐MOF powder samples.
Out‐of‐school suspension among young persons in care: The need to respond to attachment needs and provide a secure base that promotes learning
Authors: Melkman Eran P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren in care from backgrounds of maltreatment often struggle to perform to their full potential in school. Although the English government has put education at the top of its agenda for children in care, there remains a high risk of children in care being excluded from school, undermining their chances of closing the attainment gap. This study examined how young persons in care and their foster carers perceive and experience out‐of‐school suspension and the factors surrounding it. While analysing interviewees’ accounts attachment theory emerged as a useful analytic lens through which to explore the school experiences of young persons. The study draws on 18 interviews with young persons in care aged 14–18 (nine interviews) who had been suspended from secondary school in the previous 2 years and their foster carers (nine interviews). Findings showed that despite the great importance of school for these young persons, it was generally experienced as a hostile environment where they felt they were not listened to, cared for or respected. These feelings marked a breakdown of communication between children and school and were a central factor in the process that led to their exclusion. Drawing on attachment theory, these dynamics are discussed as reflecting the failure of educational staff to respond to young persons’ attachment needs and provide them with a secure base. Specifically, the Secure Base model for foster carers’ caregivingis offered as a useful perspective to frame teachers’ relationships with young persons in care.
Nucleic Acid Detection through RNA‐Guided Protease Activity in Type III‐E CRISPR‐Cas Systems
Authors: He Qiuqiu , Lei Xinlong , Liu Yuanjun , Wang Xiaoshen , Ji Nan , Yin Hang , Wang Huiping , Zhang Heng , Yu Guimei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRNA‐guided protease activity was recently discovered in the type III‐E CRISPR‐Cas systems (Craspase), providing a novel platform for engineering a protein probe instead of the commonly used nucleic acid probe in nucleic acid detection assays. Here, by adapting a fluorescence readout technique using the affinity‐ and fluorescent protein dual‐tagged Csx30 protein substrate, we have established an assay monitoring Csx30 cleavage by target ssRNA‐activated Craspase. Four Craspase‐based nucleic acid detection systems for genes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), norovirus, and the influenza virus (IFV) were reconstituted with demonstrated specificity. The assay could reliably detect target ssRNAs at concentrations down to 25 pM, which could be further improved approximately 15 000‐fold (ca. 2 fM) by incorporating a recombinase polymerase isothermal preamplification step. Importantly, the species‐specific substrate cleavage specificity of Craspase enabled multiplexed diagnosis, as demonstrated by the reconstituted composite systems for simultaneous detection of two genes from the same virus (SARS‐CoV‐2, spike and nsp12) or two types of viruses (SARS‐CoV‐2 and IFV). The assay could be further expanded by diversifying the fluorescent tags in the substrate and including Craspase systems from various species, thus potentially providing an easily adaptable platform for clinical diagnosis.
Seventy years of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (LAM)] research in South Africa
Authors: Laurie Sunette M. , Mulabisana Julia , Sutherland Rene , Sivakumar Dharini , Pofu Kgabo , Mphela Whelma M. , Truter Mariette , du Plooy Ian , Araya Nadia , Araya Hintsa , Nyathi Melvin , Kistnasamy Ashika , Cloete Michele , Nkosi Brightness , Shimelis Hussein , Laing Mark D. , Malebane Mmapaseka E. , Bairu Michael W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations puts forward a transformational vision to cope with food security, nutrition, and health challenges, in which sweet potato can play an important role. Globally, sweet potato production is valued at $53.83 billion. The Agricultural Research Council of South Africa (ARC) sweet potato research and development (R&D) program over the past seven decades delivered 31 genetically improved cultivars via demand‐led breeding, managed the collection and maintenance of 375 accessions, contributed toward the optimization of cultivation practices, developed crop protection and diagnostic services, and provided streamlined seed systems and technology transfer in processing and enterprise development. The ARC's work is part of a large number of interdependent global programs committed to improving livelihoods and nutrition through sweet potato. This review shares and analyses major achievements, highlights unique research contributions achieved through partnerships, and discusses bottlenecks on funding and uptake of technologies. New research imperatives will involve root phenotyping, employing marker‐based technologies, and genome‐wide association studies through new funding received recently. Exploration of the commercialization potential of processed products made from orange‐fleshed sweet potato will be a major focus of the R&D program. Expansion of partnerships, marketing, and financing will be important for future contribution of sweet potato to the economy.
Diverse eastern gamagrass ecotypes: General characteristics, ploidy levels, and biogeography
Authors: Kiniry James R. , Williams Amber S. , Jacot Jacqueline , Shadow Alan , Brakie Melinda , Burson Byron , Jessup Russell , Cordsiemon Ron , Kim Sumin , Avila Angela , Elias Sabry G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEastern gamagrass (EG), Tripsacum dactyloides, is a diverse warm‐season, perennial bunchgrass that is widespread in the eastern half of the United States. The objectives of this study were to obtain a large assortment of ecotypes, measure and quantify some of their morphological aspects, and determine ploidy level for many of these ecotypes. Nearly 300 ecotypes were collected from 10 states and planted in a common garden in Temple, TX. Plants were measured throughout the growing season and ploidy was determined using flow cytometry. Plant morphology measurements were variable, though none were statistically significantly correlated when compared pairwise to ploidy levels, origin, landform, precipitation, or temperature. However, multivariate analyses showed that ploidy was significantly correlated with plant volume, plant height, and leaf width. Diploids were more narrowly restricted to drier habitats, while the tetraploids were widespread. Tetraploids have also a higher volume than diploids. Likewise, mean annual precipitation was correlated with plant height and leaf width. Landform (wet vs. dry) for collection sites was significantly correlated with plant volume in the multivariate analysis. Though not statistically significant, the southernmost populations start growing earlier than plants collected further north. This new insight into EG ecology via the collected data is useful to better answer producer questions about climate and management operations as they differ among ecotypes.
A case of a stuck mesh in the rectum after pelvic surgery
Authors: Eizuka Makoto , Toya Yosuke , Akasaka Risaburo , Yamada Shun , Oizumi Tomofumi , Kasugai Satoshi , Yanai Shunichi , Sugimura Yoshihiko , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 67‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy revealed an elevated rectal lesion (10 mm in size) with a central depression. A rod‐like object was noted in the center of the lesion. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging showed obscure surface structures and dilated vessels. Magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining showed that the pit pattern had disappeared. These endoscopic findings suggested that the lesion was comprised of granulation tissue. A detailed medical history revealed that she had undergone a total hysterectomy with mesh placement for bladder prolapse. We reasoned that the mesh used during pelvic surgery might have penetrated the rectum. She underwent subsequent surgery to remove the mesh. Although most foreign bodies in the rectum are swallowed or self‐inserted, pelvic surgery is another source of foreign bodies in the rectum.
Sunken trees in the deep sea link terrestrial and marine biodiversity
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Boolukos Corie M. , Bryant S. River D. , Hanks Granger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWood in the deep sea serves as a substantial food source in an otherwise barren environment, forming specialized, endemic, and diverse community assemblages. This biodiversity reliance on a terrestrial source creates a linkage by which anthropogenic impacts on land can alter the deep oceans. Knowledge of the alpha‐ or beta‐diversity of entire wood‐fall communities, and wooden drivers of each would elucidate the terrestrial and deep‐sea linkage. We report on a multifactorial experiment in the deep ocean in which alpha‐ and beta‐diversity of 43 wood falls and 11 tree species are quantified over time, wood density, and wood size. We tested multiple hypotheses seeking to link how biodiversity on land may impact the biodiversity in the deep oceans. A tremendous biodiversity occurred among these wood falls in the deep Gulf of Mexico; 114 invertebrate species from 10 phyla. Time, wood hardness, and wood size all impacted various components of community structure. In many cases, these effects were additive. Species occurring on softwoods versus hardwoods and small versus large wood falls were compositionally different. Although various processes can control community structure, this experiment suggests a strong influence of environmental filtering and host specificity of wood‐fall invertebrates suggesting an intimate coupling to tree biodiversity and biomass on land.
Association of vaccine‐specific regulatory T cells with reduced antibody response to repeated influenza vaccination
Authors: Lin Pin‐Hung , Hsiao Po‐Ju , Pan Ching‐Fu , Liu Ming‐Tsan , Wang Jann‐Tay , Ching Chi , Wu Fang‐Yi , Lin Yi‐Hsuan , Yang Yu‐Chan , Hsu Le‐Yin , Yang Hung‐Chih , Wu Un‐In 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRepeated annual influenza vaccinations have been associated with reduced vaccine‐induced antibody responses. This prospective study aimed to explore the role of vaccine antigen‐specific regulatory T (Treg) cells in antibody response to repeated annual influenza vaccination. We analyzed pre‐ and postvaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, seroconversion rates, seroprotection rates, vaccine antigen hemagglutinin (HA)‐specific Treg cells, and conventional T (Tconv) cells. We compared these parameters between vaccinees with or without vaccine‐induced seroconversion. Our multivariate logistic regression revealed that prior vaccination was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of achieving seroconversion for both H1N1(adjusted OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.13) and H3N2 (adjusted OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03–0.30). Furthermore, individuals who received repeated vaccinations had significantly higher levels of pre‐existing HA‐specific Treg cells than those who did not. We also found that vaccine‐induced fold‐increases in HI titers and seroconversion were negatively correlated with pre‐existing HA‐specific Treg cells and positively correlated with the ratio of Tconv to Treg cells. Overall, our findings suggest that repeated annual influenza vaccination is associated with a lower vaccine‐induced antibody response and a higher frequency of vaccine‐specific Treg cells. However, a lower frequency of pre‐existing Treg cells correlates with a higher postvaccination antibody response.
Cooperative Dinitrogen Activation: Identifying the Push‐Pull Effects of Transition Metals and Lewis Acids in Molecular Orbital Diagrams
Authors: Martins Frederico F. , Krewald Vera 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sustainable fixation of atmospheric N2 and its conversion into industrially relevant molecules is one of the major current challenges in chemistry. Besides nitrogen activation with transition metal complexes, a “push‐pull” approach that fine‐tunes electron density along the N−N bond has shown success recently. The “pushing” is performed by an electron rich entity such as a transition metal complex, and the “pulling” is achieved with an electron acceptor such as a Lewis acid. In this contribution, we explore the electronic structure implications of this approach using the complex trans‐[ReICl(N2)(PMe2Ph)4] as a starting point. We show that borane Lewis acids exert a pull‐effect of increasing strength with increased Lewis acidity via a π‐pathway. Furthermore, the ligand trans to dinitrogen can weaken the dinitrogen bond via a σ‐pathway. Binding a strong Lewis acid is found to have electronic structure effects potentially relevant for electrochemistry: dinitrogen‐dominated molecular orbitals are shifted into advantageous energetic positions for redox activation of the dinitrogen bond. We show how these electronic structure design principles are rooted in cooperative effects of a transition metal complex and a Lewis acid, and that they can be exploited to tailor a complex towards the desired thermal, electrochemical or photochemical reactivity.
Prevalence and risk of stillbirth according to biologic vulnerability phenotypes in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Marques Lays Janaina Prazeres , Silva Zilda Pereira da , Alencar Gizelton Pereira , Paixão Enny Santos da , Blencowe Hannah , de Almeida Marcia Furquim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and risk of stillbirths by biologic vulnerability phenotypes in a cohort of pregnant women in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, 2017–2019.MethodsRetrospective population‐based cohort study. Fetuses were assessed as small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), adequate for gestational age (AGA), preterm (PT) as less than 37 weeks of gestation, non‐PT (NPT) as 37 weeks of gestation or more, low birth weight (LBW) as less than 2500 g, and non‐LBW (NLBW) as 2500 g or more. Relative risks (RR) with robust variance were estimated using Poisson regression.ResultsIn all 442 782 pregnancies, including 2321 (0.5%) stillbirths, were included. About 85% (n = 1983) of stillbirths had at least one characteristic of vulnerability, compared with 21% (n = 92524) of live births. Fetuses with all three markers of vulnerability had the highest adjusted RR of stillbirth—SGA + LBW + PT (RR 155.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 136.29–176.30) and LGA + LBW + PT (RR 262.04; 95% CI 206.10–333.16) when compared with AGA + NLBW + NPT.ConclusionOur findings show that the simultaneous presence of prematurity, low birth weight, and abnormal intrauterine growth presented a higher risk of stillbirths. To accelerate progress towards reducing preventable stillbirths, one must identify the circumstances of greatest biologic vulnerability.
Approaches to improve and adapt maternal mortality estimations in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Tholandi Maya , Zethof Siem , Kim Young‐Mi , Tura Abera Kenay , Ket Johannes , Willcox Merlin , van den Akker Thomas , Ilozumba Onaedo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the absence of robust vital registration systems, many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) rely on national surveys or routine surveillance systems to estimate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Although the importance of MMR estimates in ending preventable maternal deaths is acknowledged, there is limited research on how different approaches are used and adapted, and how these adaptations function.ObjectivesTo assess methods for estimating maternal mortality in LMICs and the rationale for these modifications.Search StrategyA literature search with the terms “maternal death”, “surveys” and “low‐ and middle‐income countries” was performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, ERIC, and IBSS from January 2013 to March 17, 2023.Selection CriteriaStudies were eligible if their main focus was to compare, adapt, or assess methods to estimate maternal mortality in LMICs.Data Collection and AnalysisTitles and abstracts were screened using Rayyan. Relevant articles were independently reviewed by two reviewers against inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on mortality measurement methods, their context, and results.Main ResultsNineteen studies were included, focusing on data completeness, subnational estimates, and community involvement. Routinely generated MMR estimates are more complete when multiple data sources are triangulated, including data from public and private health facilities, the community, and local authorities (e.g. vital registration, police reports). For subnational estimates, existing (e.g. the sisterhood method and reproductive‐age mortality surveys [RAMOS]) and adapted methods (e.g. RAMOS 4 + 2 and Pictorial Sisterhood Method) provided reliable confidence intervals. Community engagement in data collection increased community awareness of maternal deaths, provided local ownership, and was expected to reduce implementation costs. However, most studies did not include a cost‐effectiveness analysis.ConclusionHousehold surveys with community involvement and RAMOS can be used to increase data validity, improve local awareness of maternal mortality estimates, and reduce costs in LMICs.