bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlayer Sodium Plating/Stripping in Van der Waals‐Layered Quantum Dot Superstructure
Authors: Yuan Ruole , Liu Peng , Wang Xiaomei , Zhou Jisheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAssembling quantum dots (QDs) into van der Waals (vdW)‐layered superstructure holds great promise for the development of high‐energy‐density metal anode. However, designing such a superstructure remains to be challenging. Here, a chemical‐vapor Oriented Attachment (OA) growth strategy is proposed to achieve the synthesis of vdW‐layered carbon/QDs hybrid superlattice nanosheets (Fe7S8@CNS) with a large vdW gap of 3 nm. The Fe7S8@CNS superstructure is assembled by carbon‐coated Fe7S8 (Fe7S8@C) QDs as building blocks. Interestingly, the Fe7S8@CNS exhibits two kinds of edge dislocations similar to traditional atom‐layered materials, suggesting that Fe7S8@C QDs exhibit quasi‐atomic growth behavior during the OA process. More interestingly, when used as host materials for sodium metal anodes, the Fe7S8@CNS shows the interlayer sodium plating/stripping behavior, which well suppresses Na dendrite growth. As a result, the cell with Fe7S8@CNS anode can keep stable cycling for 1000 h with a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈99.5% at 3.0 mA cm−2 and 3.0 mAh cm−2. Noticeably, the Na@Fe7S8@CNS||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cells can attain a capacity of 88.8 mAh g−1 with a retention of 97% after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 (≈8 C), showing excellent cycle stability for practical applications. This work enriches the vdW‐layered QDs superstructure family and their application toward energy storage.
Strong and Tough Cellulose Hydrogels via Solution Annealing and Dual Cross‐Linking
Authors: Wei Pingdong , Yu Xuejie , Fang Yujia , Wang Lei , Zhang Hao , Zhu Caizhen , Cai Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrong and tough hydrogels are promising candidates for flexible electronics, biomedical devices, and so on. However, the conflict between improving the mechanical strength and toughness properties of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels remains unsolved. Herein, a strategy is proposed to produce a hierarchically structured cellulose hydrogel that combines solution annealing and dual cross‐linking treatment approaches. The solution annealing considerably increases the hydrophobic stacking and chemical cross‐linking of the cellulose chains, thereby facilitating their subsequent self‐assembly and recrystallization during the chemical and physical cross‐linking processes. The cellulose hydrogels exhibit superposed chemically and physically cross‐linked domains comprising homogeneous nanoporous network structures, which in turn are composed of interconnected cellulose nanofibers and cellulose II crystallite hydrates. These cellulose hydrogels exhibit a high water content of 76–84% and excellent mechanical properties that compare favorably to those of biomacromolecule‐based hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels exhibit a mechanical strength and work of fracture of 21 ± 3 MPa and 2.6 ± 0.4 MJ m−3 under compression, and 7.2 ± 0.7 MPa and 5.9 ± 0.6 MJ m−3 under tension, respectively. It is anticipated that this strategy will be applicable to other biomacromolecules and crystalline polymers, and that it will enable the construction of other hydrogels exhibiting high mechanical performances.
Deterministic Magnetic Switching in Perpendicular Magnetic Trilayers Through Sunlight‐Induced Photoelectron Injection
Authors: Zhao Meng , Wang Lei , Zhao Yifan , Du Yujing , He Zhexi , Chen Kai , Luo Zhenlin , Yan Wensheng , Li Qian , Wang Chenying , Jiang Zhuangde , Liu Ming , Zhou Ziyao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFinding an energy‐efficient way of switching magnetization is crucial in spintronic devices, such as memories. Usually, spins are manipulated by spin‐polarized currents or voltages in various ferromagnetic heterostructures; however, their energy consumption is relatively large. Here, a sunlight control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Pt (0.8 nm)/Co (0.65 nm)/Pt (2.5 nm)/PN Si heterojunction in an energy‐efficient manner is proposed. The coercive field (HC) is altered from 261 to 95 Oe (64% variation) under sunlight illumination, enabling a nearly 180° deterministic magnetization switching reversibly with a 140 Oe magnetic bias assistant. The element‐resolved X‐ray circular dichroism measurement reveals different L3 and L2 edge signals of the Co layer with or without sunlight, suggesting a photoelectron‐induced redistribution of the orbital and spin moment in Co magnetization. The first‐principle calculations also reveal that the photo‐induced electrons shift the Fermi level of electrons and enhance the in‐plane Rashba field around the Co/Pt interfaces, leading to a weakened PMA and corresponding HC decreasing and magnetization switching accordingly. The sunlight control of PMA may provide an alternative way for magnetic recording, which is energy efficient and would reduce the Joule heat from the high switching current.
The body‐point model and its application to describe the motion of an electron near the nucleus of a hydrogen atom
Authors: Ivanova Elena A. , Tur Vsevolod D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the motion of a body‐point near an attracting center. The body‐point is defined as a particle with the following properties. (a) The body‐point occupies zero volume in space like a point mass. (b) The body‐point has both translational and rotational degrees of freedom like a rigid body. (c) The body‐point is characterized by a larger number of moments of inertia than an ordinary rigid body. Due to the additional moments of inertia, the body‐point acquires dynamic properties that are fundamentally different from the dynamic properties of an ordinary rigid body. We show that the trajectory of the body‐point moving near the attracting center is a spatial curve, and not a flat one, as it would be in the case of a point mass or a rigid body. We study in detail a special case of the body‐point motion, in which the magnitude of the momentum vector remains constant. We show that, in this special case, the region of space where the trajectory of the body‐point is located can be interpreted as the orbital of an electron in a hydrogen atom. Assuming that the body‐point models the electron in the ground energy state, we determine the parameters of our model. We emphasize that the problem of the body‐point motion near an attracting center is considered for the first time, and therefore all theoretical results presented in this paper are novel. Also, for the first time, the model of the body‐point in a central potential field is used to describe the behavior of an electron in a hydrogen atom.
The Humanities in the digital
Authors: Viola Lorella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter delineates the scope and core ideas of the book. The Digital Turn had promised to bring neutrality, fairness and accuracy to research; it created the illusion that it was possible to incorporate technology in knowledge creation practices whilst still operating within the traditional model of disciplines separation. But by adding further complexity to reality and by worsening existing inequalities in the world, the digital transformation has increasingly exposed how illusory such promises were. More recently, the dramatic increase in technology adoption brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic has conclusively established the inadequacy of our current model of knowledge. In this chapter, I examine how the rigid division into compartmentalised, competing disciplines has contributed to exalting computational methods as neutral whilst stigmatising consciousness and criticality as carriers of injustice. Taking the humanities as a focal point, I retrace schisms between the humanities, the digital humanities and critical digital humanities; these are embedded, I argue, within the old dichotomy of science versus humanities. In moving beyond the current static framework, I argue for a new model of knowledge creation.
Applications of Quantification
Authors: Esuli Andrea , Fabris Alessandro , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides the motivation for what is to come in the rest of the book by describing the applications that quantification has been put at, ranging from improving classification accuracy in domain adaptation, to measuring and improving the fairness of classification systems with respect to a sensitive attribute, to supporting research and development in fields that are usually more concerned with aggregate data than with individual data, such as the social sciences, political science, epidemiology, market research, ecological modelling, and others.
Research Environment
Authors: Barać Lana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuccessful research environment requires joint effort by individual researchers, research groups and the organization. This chapter describes the basic principles and good research practices in the context of the research environment and serves as a guide to good, responsible research for research newcomers – researchers at the beginning of their scientific career. In this chapter we will help you navigate the organizational pathway to doing good research. The first step to understanding your rights, obligations and responsibilities in research is knowing that they exist. This chapter offers an introductory level orientation to codes, rules and regulations but also serves as a guide on how to identify whether your organization goes above and beyond offering guidance and assistance regarding research integrity or whether it provides a bare minimum or even nothing at all, and who/what you can turn to in the latter case. Furthermore, this chapter also describes the responsibilities that you as a researcher have towards the organisation regarding the importance of maintaining research integrity, so that you are aware of your accountability and the possible consequences if you disregard organizational responsibility for responsible research.
Training, Supervision and Mentoring
Authors: Tokalić Ružica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to introduce you to important aspects of early-career research, particularly doctoral training, including its formal and informal aspects, and to map what is expected from the individuals at different hierarchical positions in their research environment. The purpose of doctoral training is to provide you with knowledge and skills for research that answers important questions, that research is conducted with care and high standards, that you anticipate the implications and applications of its results, and that your research is replicable, transparent and open. This is not and cannot be achieved only through formal training, but through various forms of what is called a hidden curriculum. In this chapter, we will talk about shadowing and role models, research collaboration and international relationships, networking, summer schools and research exchanges. Considering the complexities of relationships in the research setting, we will also talk about the role of doctoral students, and their involvement in supervising others (such as Masters’ students). We will address the principles of respect, honesty and accountability in these networks of collaboration, with special attention to students and supporting staff in academia. Finally, we will discuss the aspects of work and life balance for doctoral students and the importance of existing support networks, with special attention to mental health support and principles of open communication.
Research Procedures
Authors: Buljan Ivan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter offers a guide on how to implement good research practices in research procedures, following the logical steps in research planning from idea development to the planning of analysis of collected data and data sharing. This chapter argues that sound research methodology is a foundation for responsible science. At the beginning of each part of the chapter, the subtitles are formulated as questions that may arise during your research process, in the attempt to bring the content closer to the everyday questions you may encounter in research. We hope to stimulate insight into how much we can predict about a research study before it even begins. Research integrity and research ethics are not presented as separate aspects of research planning, but as integral parts that are important from the beginning, and which often set the directions of research activities in the study.
Safeguards
Authors: Viđak Marin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter will provide introduction to relevant safeguards in the research environment: codes of conduct, guidelines, and other types of regulation. It will also give advice on how you can find safeguards relevant for your research. Research safeguards help researchers in defining the boundaries and expectations in research planning, conduct, reporting, and implementation. While this kind of regulation often invokes associations of restrictions and limitations, that is not its primary purpose. Safeguards are often principles of good practice, summarised through various checklists and standard operating procedures. They are tools through which we ensure ethical and responsible conduct in research, and support openness and accountability. Their aim is to reduce waste and to help (re)gain public trust and to protect both researchers and research participants. Not less important, they help novice researchers to understand the community in which they work and its common practices.
Patterns of Response to Immune Oncology Drugs: How Relevant Are They in SCCHN?
Authors: Economopoulou Panagiota , Psyrri Amanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the past few years, we have been witnesses of a critical juncture in the history of cancer therapy; indeed, immunotherapy has been introduced initially in melanoma trials and has been gradually incorporated in the treatment algorithm of a variety of malignancies in multiple settings. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the most widely used immunotherapy drugs, are monoclonal antibodies that target specific immune checkpoints such as Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Response to ICIs is characterized by marked durability, but despite a great enthusiasm that accompanied the results of phase III clinical trials, a large proportion of patients do not derive benefit from ICIs. In addition, treatment with ICIs may be associated with several atypical patterns of response, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate current data on patterns of response to immunotherapy with focus on head and neck cancer.
Modern Day Reconstruction of the Facial Bones
Authors: McGoldrick David , Praveen Prav , Parmar Sat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReconstruction of the facial skeleton is a complex task with multiple factors to consider. The rapid development of three-dimensional planning now allows surgeons to plan resection and reconstruction to a high degree of precision, with a number of associated benefits. This chapter discusses the indications and processes involved in three-dimensional planning and its application to surgical resection and reconstruction of the facial bones.
New Systemic Therapies in Salivary Gland Cancer
Authors: Vathiotis Ioannis A. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Argiris Athanassios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSalivary gland cancer (SGC) encompasses a group of rare malignancies with distinct molecular, histologic, and clinical characteristics. Rarity as well as evolving disease heterogeneity have made treatments particularly challenging, with classic chemotherapy agents showing at best moderate antitumor efficacy in patients with recurrent or metastatic SGC. Recent advances in genomic profiling have provided relevant targets for different subtypes of SGC, enabling tailoring of therapeutic approaches. Despite the lack of predictive biomarkers, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors also appears to benefit a subgroup of patients. This chapter aims to give a comprehensive overview of novel approaches to systemic therapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic SGC.
Novel Immune Oncology Targets Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Borcoman Edith , Le Tourneau Christophe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently revolutionized the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, both in the first and second recurrent and metastatic settings. However, not all patients respond to PD-1 blockade, nor derive prolonged benefit from these immunotherapies, requiring further development of immune-oncology strategies beyond PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. There has been an important therapeutic development with the evaluation of many new immune checkpoints molecules and other type of immunomodulatory molecules, along with combinations of these new agents with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, but very few of these strategies have shown significant anti-tumor activity as single agent in HNSCC patients, and further results are awaited from ongoing trials. All randomized trials assessing novel immune-oncology drugs in combination with an anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents have failed so far in HNSCC patients. Many other immune-oncology drugs are still in early clinical development and will hopefully improve HNSCC patient outcomes.
Proton Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Budach V. , Thieme A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTreatment of localized cancer with protons therapy (PT) seems an appealing alternative to photons. PT has been available for decades and has unique dose distribution properties with the so-called Bragg-peak enabling protons to stop after their maximum depth is reached within millimeters. PT allows sparing of normal tissues and organs to a much greater extent than photons, even when modern photon techniques like intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) are involved. Whereas IMRT and VMAT techniques have demonstrated their superiority to older 3D-conformal irradiation techniques, there is still a large gap between the theoretical advantages of PT due to its superior dose distribution and high-level clinical evidence, particularly in head and neck cancer (HNC). So far, mostly non-randomized clinical studies exist with clinical results in oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, sinonasal, periorbital, and salivary gland cancer. The limited broad availability of this treatment method and its unknown cost-effectiveness need to be evaluated. In this chapter, we discuss the currently available evidence of PT for HNCs and viable options to generate further evidence like the model-based approach.
Introduction
Authors: Meschke Günther 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis book summarizes the main results from research performed within the Collaborative Research Center “Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling” installed at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Topics being covered include all relevant aspects of mechanized tunneling ranging from digital design to steering support during tunnel construction. One subject area is concerned with the characterization and modeling of ground conditions, advance exploration methods as well as face support measures. A second subject area covers novel segmental lining designs with enhanced robustness and the interaction between the grout and the surrounding soil. A third subject area is concerned with computational simulation of tunnel advancement, logistics and excavation processes including monitoring strategies and digital models for real-time support of TBM construction. Finally, risk analysis and tunnel information modeling are completing the large range of topics. The individual research topics are each supported by computational models, experimental research and in situ monitoring.
Digital Design in Mechanized Tunneling
Authors: Alsahly Abdullah , Bui Hoang-Giang , Heußner Lukas , Jodehl Annika , Williams Moises Rodolfo Javier , Obel Markus , Stepien Marcel , Vonthron Andre , Zendaki Yaman , Freitag Steffen , König Markus , Mahmoudi Elham , Mark Peter , Meschke Günther , Thewes Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDigital design methods are constantly improving the planning procedure in tunnel construction. This development includes the implementation of rule-based systems, concepts for cross-document and -model data integration, and new evaluation concepts that exploit the possibilities of digital design. For planning in tunnel construction and alignment selection, integrated planning environments are created, which help in decision-making through interactive use. By integrating room-ware products, such as touch tables and virtual reality devices, collaborative approaches are also considered, in which decision-makers can be directly involved in the planning process. In current tunneling practice and during planning stage, Finite Element (FE) simulations form an integral element in the planning and the design phase of mechanized tunneling projects. The generation of adequate computational models is often time consuming and requires data from many different sources. Incorporating Building Information Modeling (BIM) concepts offers opportunities to simplify this process by using geometrical BIM sub-models as a basis for structural analyses. In the following chapter, some modern possibilities of digital planning and evaluation of alignments in tunnel construction are explained in more detail. Furthermore, the conception and implementation of an interactive BIM and GIS integrated planning system, ‘‘BIM-to-FEM’’ technology which automatically extracts relevant information needed for FE simulations from BIM sub-models, the establishment of surrogate models for real-time predictions, as well as the evaluation and comparison of planning variants are presented.
The VALIDATE Network: Accelerating Vaccine Development for Tuberculosis, Leishmaniasis, Melioidosis and Leprosy
Authors: Vermaak Samantha , Sampson Samantha , McShane Helen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstablished in June 2017, VALIDATE is an international network of researchers working to accelerate vaccine development for four neglected intracellular pathogens that cause significant mortality and morbidity globally: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania spp., Burkholderia pseudomallei and Mycobacterium leprae. In 5 years, VALIDATE has grown to have more than 550 members from over 250 institutes across 72 countries and has had several successes and important outputs. This chapter discusses VALIDATE’s origins, achievements and future direction.
A Current Perspective on Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
Authors: Borah Slater Khushboo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLeprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is an ancient chronic infectious disease that remains a major problem in the world today, infecting over 200,000 people each year, particularly affecting resource-limited and the most disadvantaged sections of society in under-developed countries of the world. Mycobacterium leprae, a slow-growing mycobacterium, causes leprosy in humans. Leprosy causes nerve damage and permanent disabilities including blindness and paralysis. People affected by leprosy face stigma and discrimination in society. Although multidrug therapy is available, millions of people are still affected by leprosy, so new vaccine, drug and disease management approaches are urgently needed for control, prevention and treatment of this disease. This chapter is a general review of leprosy, the current treatment and prevention measures and challenges that need to be addressed for complete eradication of this disease.