bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Method of Power Chip Terminations With Lower Cost, Lower Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, and Broader Bandwidth
Authors: Peng Hao , Xue Na , Qi Ziyan , Chen Lifeng , Chen Jiming , Liu Yu , Tatu Serioja Ovidiu , Yang Tao , Pan Jiadong , Zhang Feng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we deeply explore a design method for power chip terminations with low‐cost, low VSWR and broadband performance. Through a comprehensive investigation of existing power chip terminations, the electromagnetic leakage significantly impacts its performance. To address these issues, an electromagnetic constraint boundary has been introduced to enhance its VSWR. Considering the high cost of the gold plating process on the sides of chemical vapor deposition diamond substrates, an independent electromagnetic constraint metal carrier with a concave shape is proposed. TaN thin film is employed as the terminal matching load. Simulation results reveal that the VSWR of different substrates (ceramic and diamond substrates) are very similar. Consequently, this work presents a design, simulation, and measurement of a power chip termination applied to a ceramic substrate. Measurement results demonstrate that the VSWR is less than 1.5 over a frequency range of DC to 43.5 GHz, significantly outperforming existing commercial power chip terminations. In addition, the fluctuation of VSWR across the broadband operating frequencies has been discussed in detail.
Macro‐ and Microscopic Mechanisms of Soil Arching Evolution Under the Impact of Noncentered Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Xiao , Su Dong , Chen Xiang‐Sheng , Lin Xing‐Tao , Xiong Hao , Zhang De‐Jin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFurther investigation into the progression of soil arching under the impact of noncentered tunnel is warranted. This study addresses this need by examining trapdoor models with varying vertical and horizontal spacings between the tunnel and the trapdoor through the discrete element method. The numerical model underwent calibration utilizing data from previous experiments. The results indicated that the soil arching ratio under the impact of noncentered tunnel exhibits four distinct stages: initial soil arching, maximum soil arching, load recovery, and ultimate stage, aligning with observations unaffected by tunnel presence. The minimal disparity in stress ratio within the stationary region was observed when the vertical spacing between the tunnel and the trapdoor ranges between 150 and 200 mm. Moreover, the disturbed area on the left part of the trapdoor extended significantly beyond the trapdoor width, with notably higher disturbance height compared to the right side. When the tunnel deviated from the centerline of the trapdoor, the stress enhancement on the right side was considerably greater compared to the left. Additionally, the displacement of the trapdoor resulted in a reduction of contact force anisotropy in the soil on the side more distant from the tunnel, while increasing it on the side closer to the tunnel.
Green Synthesis of Nano‐Sized Metal Oxides (Ag2O, CuO, ZnO, MgO, CaO, and TiO2) Using Plant Extract for a Sustainable Environment
Authors: Disha Sanjana Afrin , Sahadat Hossain Md. , Habib Md. Lawshan , Ahmed Samina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe demand for green synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials is increasing tremendously to achieve sustainable development goals and for a clean environment. Simultaneously, metal oxides hold significant importance across various fields, such as catalysis, semiconductors, ceramics, photocatalysis, sensors, medicine, and energy storage, and so forth. The green synthesis process eliminates the use of toxic chemicals in the synthesis process. Different natural solvents (plant extracts) are widely utilized to synthesize metal oxides while maintaining a green environment. The extensively used plant extracts are Lawsonia inermis, Centella asiatica, Azadirachta indica, Moringa olifera, Papaya leaves, Paeonia emodi, Pavetta indica, Cyathea nilgiriensis, Callistemon lanceoletus, Rhaamnus virgata, Daphena alpina, Zephyranthes rosea, Common hops, Gloriosa superba, Thymus vulgaris, Ixoro coccinea, Cassia auriculata, Lanata camara, and so forth, for green synthesis of Ag2O, CuO, ZnO, MgO, CaO, and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesis process and the reaction parameters are very crucial for tuning the properties of nanomaterials. In this review, the synthesis process using plant extract is explored along with the reaction parameter's effects on the morphology of the final product. And Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was evaluated for the metal oxides to show the importance of FTIR in inorganic compound analysis.
Why Democratization and Decentralization in Indonesia Have Mixed Results on the Ground: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hidayat Andi Rahmat , Hospes Otto , Termeer C. J. A. M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIndonesia has been subject to democratization and decentralization since Suharto's resignation in 1998. Whilst these two institutional reforms have attracted the attention of many scholars, no one has provided an overview explaining their mixed results. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic review of democratization and decentralization literature in Indonesia, exploring how democratization and decentralization relate and identifying moderators (constraining or supporting contextual factors) of the effects of the two institutional reforms. Our first finding is that the actual processes of democratization and decentralization may undermine each other. Our second finding is that clientelistic informal state institutions together with capture by old predatory elites in the context of legal fragmentation negatively affect outcomes of democratization and decentralization processes, whereas citizen collective action and reform‐oriented leadership positively affect them. Based on our findings, we present an advanced framework and three lessons for future studies on democratization and decentralization.
Reciprocal relations in the Karen highlands of northern Thailand
Authors: Phatthanaphraiwan Suwichan , Greene Alexander M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Karen communities in northern Thailand work to maintain reciprocal relations with the plants, animals and spirits with whom they coexist. They conceive of these relations as essential to the maintenance of community health, food security, and a balanced climate and environment.

Calling upon the natural affordances between certain plants and animals and specific spirits who care for them, Karen communities have traditionally used customary regulations and ritual actions to ensure these three forms of security: health; food; environment and climate.

Drawing upon the traditional knowledge of the first author, a Karen rights activist, musician and professor, and supplemented by examples drawn from ethnographic fieldwork conducted by both authors, we lay out a framework for understanding reciprocity in Pgaz K'Nyau Karen communities in northern Thailand.

This framework presents Karen relationality as a tripartite system in which each group of beings (humans; plants and animals; and spirits) is connected to the others through customary regulations, prayers, rituals and affordances. Only by maintaining these relations can the security of all beings be ensured.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
RAS Pathway Mutations and Therapeutics in Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Alharbi Sara , Merkle Svatava , Hammill Adrienne M. , Waters Andrew M. , Le Cras Timothy D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTVascular anomalies (VAs) are a diverse group of vascular tumors and vascular malformations (VMs). VMs are characterized by abnormal vessel development, overgrowth, and dysfunction. Coagulopathy, edema, and effusions can cause severe morbidity and mortality in children and adults with these diseases. Germline or somatic mutations in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway have been identified in multiple types of VAs. RAS genes (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) are small GTPase proteins that play an important role in normal development and cell function. In healthy cells, RAS proteins cycle between GDP (inactive) and GTP (active) states that regulate important functions such as proliferation, migration, and survival. “Hot spot” mutations in codons 12, 13, or 61 of RAS genes are found in multiple tumor types and VAs. RAS mutations often cause excessive MAP kinase signaling, driving unchecked cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss the different RAS pathway mutations discovered in VAs and the role that these may play using insights from cell and animal models. Current therapies targeting RAS pathways are presented. In the future, a better understanding of the role of RAS pathway mutations may advance therapeutic strategies for people with VAs.
Effect of process parameters on the weld quality of 3D printed PLA‐CF sheets by FSW process
Authors: Anac Nergizhan , Kocar Oğuz , Palaniappan Sathish Kumar , Parmaksiz Furkan , Mutlu Emel , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) process is commonly used in the joining of similar/dissimilar materials. FSW involves process parameters that can affect the weld quality. To enhance this, it is important to accurately determine the process parameters. In this study, the weldability of 3D printed carbon fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA‐CF) sheets has been investigated using FSW. The process was carried out with three different tool pin geometries (triangle, square, and screw), feed rates (20, 40, and 60 mm/min) and tool rotational speeds (1250, 1750, and 2250 rpm). Tensile tests were conducted and hardness measurements were taken to discuss the effects of process parameters on weld quality. Temperature values were measured to examine the impact of tool pin geometry on the heat generation during welding. Finally, visual and microstructure examinations were conducted in the weld zone to assess the changes in weld strength. As a result, it has been determined that weld strength is significantly influenced by the process parameters. Accordingly, the best weld quality was achieved with triangular pin profile at a traverse speed of 40 mm/min and a rotation speed of 1250 rpm (UTS: 43.6 MPa, efficiency 79.6%), while for square pin (UTS: 49.2 MPa, efficiency 89.8%) and screw pin (UTS: 44.9 MPa, efficiency 81.9%) geometries, the optimal values are 20 mm/min and 2250 rpm. The distribution of CF reinforcement is uniform in high weld strength samples, while with lower weld quality samples, the distribution is irregular. This indicates that the reinforcement of CF has significant effect on weld strength.Highlights
Investigate the weldability of 3D printed PLA‐CF plates through FSW process.
Examines the impact of pin geometry, feed rates, and tool rotational speeds.
Determine the welding strength and temperature generated during welding.
Choice of the square pin geometry is more suitable for joining PLA‐CF plates.
Visual and microstructure examinations were conducted in the weld zone.
Experimental investigation on axial compression properties of bamboo winding thin‐walled tubes under different winding angles
Authors: Li Haitao , Liu Shuai , Wu Yiqiang , Liu Yu , Shen Xinqi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo explore the effect of the bamboo winding angle on the axial compression properties and failure modes of bamboo winding thin‐walled tubes (BWTT), an axial compression test was conducted in this study. Seven distinct winding angles were considered. The micro‐morphology of parenchyma cells, fibers, and epoxy resin was observed based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computed tomography (CT). The micro failure mechanism of BWTT was revealed. The results show that the winding angle has a significant impact on the axial compression performance of BWTT. With the increase in the winding angle, the load‐bearing capacity of BWTT declines, whereas its ductility improves. Additionally, six strength criteria were adopted to evaluate the compressive strength of BWTT, among which the Hankinson criterion (n = 2.33) demonstrated favorable applicability. The continuous strength method (CSM) was also adopted to predict the compressive strength of BWTT, and a good correspondence was observed between the predicted and test results. An axial stress–strain model of BWTT was proposed, which was based on the Ramberg – Osgood (RO) model and considered the angle influence parameters mθ and nθ. The model results agree well with test results and can provide a theoretical foundation for the application of BWTT.Highlights
Winding angle has a significant impact on the axial compression properties of BWTT.
The failure mechanism of BWTT was analyzed by SEM and CT.
Hankinson criterion (n = 2.33) and CSM can predict the compressive strength of BWTT.
Considering the winding angle, the compressive stress–strain model is proposed.
Relationships Among Components of Critical Thinking Disposition in Primary School Students: An Investigation Based on Hungarian Context
Authors: Zhao Yangyintao , Liu Yong , Pásztor Attila , Molnár Gyöngyvér 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCritical thinking disposition (CTD) is regarded as a personal trait within critical thinking (CT), representing an individual's tendency and attitude toward actively employing CT skills (CTS). Previous research has predominantly focused on the external influencing factors of CTD, with limited exploration into CTD itself and the interactions among its internal components. Additionally, most studies have concentrated on higher education, while insufficient attention has been given to the CTD of students in basic education. This study surveyed 900 Hungarian primary school students (Mage = 13.82; SD = 1.04) using the Employer–Employee Supported CTD Inventory (2ES‐CTDI) and employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) and Importance‐Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to examine the predictive relationships among the components of CTD, as well as the performance and priorities of different components. This study provides a novel perspective in the field of CTD, contributing to a deeper understanding of the CTD framework and the interactions among its components, and offering empirical support and priority areas for basic education practitioners to better foster students' CTD.
Relative Deprivation Mediates the Relationship Between Social Exclusion and Adolescent Depression
Authors: Duran Mucuk Makbule , Şahin Ekrem Sedat 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of relative deprivation in the relationship between social exclusion and depression in adolescents. A total of 437 (269 female, 168 male) adolescents (78 9th, 106 10th, 192 11th, and 61 12th‐grade students) from four different high schools in Turkey participated in the study. Latent variable mediated structural model and bootstrap analysis were used to analyse the research data collected with Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale Short Form, Social Exclusion Experience Scale for Adolescents, and Relative Deprivation Scale for Adolescents. In the study, it was found that there is a moderate, positive, and significant relationship between social exclusion and depression (β = 0.50, p < 0.001), social exclusion and relative deprivation (β = 0.64, p < 0.001), and relative deprivation and depression (β = 0.54, p < 0.001) in adolescent individuals. It was also found that relative deprivation mediated the relationship between social exclusion and depression (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.11, 0.32]). To prevent the social exclusion and relative deprivation experienced by adolescents, school counselors can help students improve their communication and problem‐solving skills. In this way, it can also contribute to the prevention of adolescent depression.
Exploring the Sequential Mediation Effects of Perceived Social Support, Perceived Hope, and Perceived Stress on the Subjective Well‐Being of University Students: An Empirical Cross‐Sectional Study From Taiwan
Authors: Chih‐Cheng Lo , Wei‐Sho Ho , Yi‐Hsin Liu , Yao‐Chung Cheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explored the effects of perceived social support on university students’ subjective well‐being in Taiwan, with perceived hope and stress serving as sequential mediators grounded in Social Support Theory and Hope Theory. Conducted in April 2022 through convenience sampling, the study utilized four scales: the Social Support Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, State Hope Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Collaboration with 21 professors across various universities aided in distributing online questionnaires via social media, including Facebook, Instagram, and LINE. The sample included students from 67 of Taiwan's 126 universities, totaling 586 valid responses from 630 participants. The demographic comprised 213 males (36.3%) and 373 females (63.7%), aged 18–26 years, with an average age of 21. Analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between perceived social support and well‐being, suggesting higher social support correlates with greater well‐being. Perceived social support significantly increased perceived hope, which then mediated well‐being. Similarly, lower perceived stress, which was inversely related to social support, mediated well‐being enhancements. The sequential mediation of hope and stress in this relationship underscores the importance of bolstering social support and fostering hope while reducing stress to enhance student well‐being. These findings illuminate potential approaches for mental health interventions and highlight the necessity for continued research in this area.
The Effects of Six‐Week Mindfulness Training on Mindfulness, Inner Peace, Emotion Regulation, and Mind Wandering in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gong Wenxiao , Leng Tao , Ding Yanyan , Wang Sisi , Qi Zhenzhen , Wang Yuzheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMigrant children are more likely to experience challenging circumstances and exhibit greater emotional and behavioral difficulties than native children. Nowadays, mindfulness training (MT) has been employed as a means of enhancing health‐related outcomes in children and adolescents, with promising results. The present study employed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of 6 weeks of MT on mindfulness, inner peace, mind wandering, and emotion in migrant children. Ninety‐two migrant children with a mean age of 9.74 ± 0.96 years, ranging from 8 to 11 years, participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the MT or control (CON) group, with their final exam scores being balanced. In the end, 46 children participated in the MT group, and 46 children participated in the CON group. Participants in the MT group received MT for 6 weeks with 2 sessions per week (20 min/session). Students in the CON group completed academic self‐study during the same time period. Participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—children, the Peace of Mind Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Mind Wandering Questionnaire before and after the 6 weeks. MT significantly improved the migrant children's mindfulness and peace of mind and reduced negative affect and mind wandering. This study made a significant contribution to the feasibility and efficacy of MT in migrant children.
Dinitroacetylene: Can It be Made?
Authors: Harter Lara , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Rahm Martin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith a predicted record‐high heat of formation, energy density, and outstanding performance as a rocket propellant, dinitroacetylene stretches the imagination for what is possible in terms of organic chemical explosives and monopropellants. In this study, we employ quantum chemical methods to predict its thermodynamic properties, ionization potential, electron affinity, ultraviolet‐visible spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, and vibrational spectra, and to investigate proposed decomposition mechanisms. While unimolecular decomposition pathways are predicted to have high activation energies, nitrogen oxide radical species—commonly present in reaction mixtures of energetic materials—are found to significantly catalyze the decomposition of dinitroacetylene. This catalytic effect may explain previous unsuccessful synthesis attempts. A frontier orbital analysis suggests that partial reduction could increase the C─N bond order, offering a strategy to stabilize this elusive high‐energy‐density material.
Pseudo‐Oxide Metal Carbodiimides: Potential Burn Rate Modifier for the Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Ma Zili , Yin Yanjun , Yin Yuzhong , Liu Zhijun , Yin Xiaojie , Han Yang , Hei Jinpei , Wang Nanan , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs a strong oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most paramount raw materials in composite solid propellants (CSP) formulations, and the thermal decomposition features of AP would directly impact the energy release and the impulsion performance of CSP. CuNCN as an example of metal carbodiimides is explored as a burn rate modifier for AP decomposition, given their oxide counterpart belonging to typical burn rate modifiers. Our results reveal that the as‐prepared CuNCN can effectively accelerate the thermal decomposition of AP. The CuNCN as additive in AP mixture can reduce the activation energy of decomposition of AP and bring down the HTD of AP decomposition by 84°C. The present study highlights on the effective application of metal carbodiimides in the thermally enhanced decomposition of AP.
Synergistic Effects of Catalyst on Phase Stabilization and Combustion Promotion of Ammonium Nitrate in Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene‐based Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Dattakumar Phondekar Prabhat , Biswas Shelly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConventional solid propellants have used ammonium perchlorate (AP) as the efficient oxidizer; however, it emits toxic HCl gas during combustion. Therefore, employing green oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate (AN) is one approach to reduce exhaust emissions. However, AN suffers from the drawback of phase transitions at room temperatures. The present study tries to stabilize phases of AN and increase the performance of AN/AP‐based composite solid propellants (CSPs) by adding ferrocene and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). AP has been partially replaced by AN because utilization of pure AN‐based propellant has been challenging in hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene‐based CSPs. The theoretical studies are carried out to understand the effects of AN/AP on specific impulse (Isp), characteristic velocity (C*), Ivac, etc. on the propellant. Burning rate studies have been carried out at different pressures and flame characterization studies have been conducted at ambient pressure conditions. From the above studies, it was observed that in the presence of AP and catalysts such as ferrocene and V2O5, the burning rate, and flame temperature of the propellant sample have increased significantly. Thermal decomposition studies have been performed for AN/AP‐based propellant samples. Initially, it was observed that there are three phase transition peaks of AN in the AN/AP‐based propellant sample but with the addition of both ferrocene and V2O5 the numbers of endothermic peaks are found to decrease. Ferrocene and V2O5 help to stabilize the endothermic phases of AN and also act as burning rate additives by participating in the combustion process of the propellant samples.