bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [18F]ADPM06 as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kawamura Kazunori , Yamasaki Tomoteru , Fujinaga Masayuki , Tomomi Kokufuta , Zhang Yiding , Mori Wakana , Kurihara Yusuke , Ogawa Masanao , Tsukagoe Kaito , Nengaki Nobuki , Zhang Ming-Rong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
A family of BF2-chelated tetraaryl-azadipyrromethenes was developed as non-porphyrin photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Among the developed photosensitizers, ADPM06 exhibited excellent photochemical and photophysical properties. Molecular imaging is a useful tool for photodynamic therapy planning and monitoring. Radiolabeled photosensitizers can efficiently address photosensitizer biodistribution, providing helpful information for photodynamic therapy planning. To evaluate the biodistribution of ADPM06 and predict its pharmacokinetics on photodynamic therapy, we synthesized [18F]ADPM06 and evaluated its in vivo properties.
Results
[18F]ADPM06 was automatically synthesized by Lewis acid-assisted isotopic 18F-19F exchange using ADPM06 and tin (IV) chloride at room temperature for 10 min. Radiolabeling was carried out using 0.4 µmol of ADPM06 and 200 µmol of tin (IV) chloride. The radiosynthesis time was approximately 60 min, and the radiochemical purity was > 95% at the end of the synthesis. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield from [18F]F- at the end of irradiation was 13 ± 2.7% (n = 5). In the biodistribution study, radioactivity levels in the heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, small intestine, muscle, and brain gradually decreased over 120 min after the initial uptake. The mean radioactivity level in the bone was the highest among all organs investigated and increased for 120 min after injection. Upon co-injection with ADPM06, the radioactivity levels in the blood, heart, and brain significantly increased, whereas those in the lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, small intestine, muscle, and bone were not affected. In the metabolite study of the plasma in mice, the percentage of radioactivity corresponding to [18F]ADPM06 was 76.3 ± 1.6% (n = 3). In a positron emission tomography study using MDA-MB-231-HTB-26 tumor-bearing mice, radioactivity accumulated in the bone at a relatively high level and in the tumor at a moderate level for 60 min after injection.
Conclusions
We synthesized [18F]ADPM06 using an automated 18F-labeling synthesizer and evaluated the biodistribution of [18F]ADPM06 in mice, which may be useful for predicting the pharmacokinetics of ADPM06 in photodynamic therapy.
Interfacial phenomenon and Marangoni convection of Fe–C melt on coke substrate under in situ observation
Authors: GAO Lihua , HUANG Yibin , ZHAN Wenlong , WANG Chuan , HE Zhijun , PANG Qinghai , ZHANG Junhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The interfacial phenomenon between liqiuid iron and coke is important for determining the melting efficiency in the blast furnace iron-making process. In this study, the interaction observed in the case of the iron-carbon (Fe–C) melt on coke substrate was investigated using a high-temperature vacuum wettability test equipment. The Fe–C melt did not wet and spread on the coke substrate with different graphitization degrees (r0) at a high temperature of 1450℃. The contact angles changed from 124.5° to 105.3°, and the r0 increased from 9.30 to 50.00, thus indicating a nonwetting state. The deepening of graphitization decreased the contact angle. Thereby, increasing the contact area between liquid iron and the carbonaceous material, which facilitated carbon dissolution. The irregular movements of Fe–C melt were observed in situ during the wetting process. The horizontal force of the droplet caused by interfacial tension and the contact angle; the Marangoni convection owing to the gradient of carbon concentration; and the impulse force caused by the generation, aggregation, and release of SiO bubbles at the interface were attributed to the driving force.
The distribution structure of medical and care resources based on regional characteristics throughout Japan in 2020
Authors: Kusunoki Takuya , Yoshikawa Tohru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Given Japan’s rapidly aging population, a coordinated system for providing medical and care services tailored to regional characteristics needs to be established. To gain useful knowledge for the development of such a system, the present study aimed to identify the structure of the distribution of medical and care resources based on regional characteristics.
Methods
Initially, regional characteristics were used to group all 334 secondary medical areas in Japan by principal component analysis. Subsequently, the related structure of the distribution of medical and care resources was modeled using structural equation modeling. Finally, multigroup analysis was conducted to investigate differences in the models across groups.
Results
The nationwide secondary medical areas were categorized based on urbanicity and low-density urbanicity, which revealed differences in the related structure of the distribution of medical and care resources.
Conclusions
The key finding was that the government’s objective of reducing hospital beds to enhance medical delivery efficiency may not be achieved solely by expanding nursing homes. This finding was particularly relevant in low-density urbanicity groups. Given concerns about the oversupply of nursing homes and sprawl in such areas, we conclude that trends in the location of nursing homes should be closely monitored.
Exploring the effect of Desmopressin on Bladder Interstitial Cells of Cajal with Detrusor Overactivity
Authors: Wang Ying , Chui Hinsan , Yu Han , Zeng Sixun , Zhang Fenghua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Enuresis is a common pediatric disease in clinical, and the pathogenesis of enuresis is complex and not fully understood. Modern studies have found that enuresis is closely related to detrusor overactivity (DO). Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the most commonly used drug in the clinic for enuresis, but studies have yet to be reported on the direct effects of DDAVP on the Bladder. So this study investigates whether DDAVP can improve DO and explore the underlying mechanism of action.
Methods: In this study, the bladder outlet obstruction rat model serum was used to intervene in Bladder interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) as a cell model of DO, which dealt with DDAVP-containing serum. ICCs were identified by optical microscope and immunofluorescence. The expression of tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (c-Kit), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), b-cell lymphoma-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein (Beclin 1) and microtubule-associated protein one light chain three betas (LC3B) protein levels was detected by Western Blot.
Results: The study showed that the expression levels of c-Kit, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR were increased in the model group. DDAVP can effectively inhibit the expression of related proteins. Beclin 1 and LC3B were not significantly changed in the model group while Beclin 1 and LC3B decrased after the DDAVP intervention.
Conclusions: DDAVP can improve DO by decreasing c-Kit expression in Bladder ICCs and regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but not acting through autophagy.
Population-based study of the reproductive risk factors for Transvaginal Ultrasound diagnosed Uterine Fibroids in Nigerian women
Authors: Adebamowo Clement A. , Adebamowo Sally N. ,   the ACCME Research Group as part of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective: There has been no previous systematic, epidemiological study of the reproductive risk factors for uterine fibroids (UF) in African populations despite African women having the highest burden of UF in the world. Improved knowledge of the associations between UF and reproductive factors would contribute to better understanding of the etiology of UF and may suggest novel opportunities for prevention and therapeutic interventions.
Design: We used nurse administered questionnaires to survey the demographic and reproductive risk factors of UF among 484 women who are members of the African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) Study Cohort in central Nigeria, and who had transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis (TVUS). We used logistic regression models to the evaluate associations between reproductive risk factors and UF, adjusted for significant covariates.
Results: In our multivariable logistic regression models, we found inverse associations with number of children (OR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.74-0.93, p-value = 0.002), parity (OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.24-0.73, p-value = 0.002), history of any type of abortion (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.35-0.82, p-value = 0.004), duration of use of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) (p-value for trend = 0.02), menopausal status (OR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.27-0.84, p-value = 0.01), and a non-linear positive association with age (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.01-1.07, p-value = 0.003). Other reproductive risk factors that have been reported in other populations (age at menarche and menopause, and oral contraceptives) were not associated with UF in this study.
Conclusion: Our study confirms the reproductive risk factors for UF that have been found in other populations and shows that some of them are stronger in the Nigerian population. The associations we found with DMPA suggest opportunities for further research to understand the mechanisms of action of progesterone and its analogues in the etiology of UF, their potential use for prevention and treatment of UF.
High-frequency dissolved oxygen dynamics in an urban estuary, the Long Island Sound
Authors: Duvall Melissa S , III James D. Hagy , Ammerman James W. , Tedesco Mark A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The seasonal occurrence of benthic hypoxia in western Long Island Sound (LIS) has been documented for decades by water quality cruise surveys and fixed mooring buoys. While previous studies have focused on factors modulating bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) at subtidal timescales, here we analyze continuous timeseries data from a moored buoy during summers 2021 and 2022 to examine factors controlling high-frequency fluctuations in surface and bottom DO at diurnal and semidiurnal timescales. Fluctuations in surface DO at diurnal timescales are associated with biological production, while fluctuations in bottom DO near semidiurnal timescales are associated with horizontal advection of DO by tides from the upper East River into western LIS. Results from timeseries analysis are supported by weekly cruise surveys that resolve horizontal and vertical DO gradients in the western narrows. However, inferences regarding the duration of hypoxia during a given summer vary across datasets in part because weekly survey data do not resolve dominant intraseasonal timescales of variability. While prior studies have illustrated the importance of nutrient loading, stratification, and wind in controlling the development of hypoxia, the results presented here demonstrate the role of tidal advection in modulating hypoxia in far western LIS. Despite stronger stratification in 2021, the duration of hypoxia was 11.1 days shorter compared to 2022 in part due to greater advection of DO by tidal currents that intermittently ventilated bottom waters near the buoy. While improvements in water quality have been observed in other areas of LIS, increasing hypoxic area in the western narrows highlights the spatially variable response of DO to nutrient load reductions. Future analysis of hypoxia in LIS should focus on leveraging high-frequency information contained in continuous datasets to improve estimates of hypoxia based on less temporally resolved water quality surveys.
Connectivity alteration in thalamic nuclei and default mode network-related area in memory processes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using magnetoencephalography
Authors: Ishizaki Tomotaka , Maesawa Satoshi , Nakatsubo Daisuke , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Torii Jun , Mutoh Manabu , Natsume Jun , Hoshiyama Minoru , Saito Ryuta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the involvement of the thalamic nuclei in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and to identify the influence of interictal epileptic discharges on the neural basis of memory processing by evaluating the functional connectivity (FC) between the thalamic nuclei and default mode network-related area (DMNRA) using magnetoencephalography. Preoperative datasets of nine patients with MTLE with seizure-free status after epilepsy surgery and those of nine healthy controls were analyzed. The FC between the thalamic nuclei (anterior nucleus [ANT], mediodorsal nucleus [MD], intralaminar nuclei [IL]), hippocampus, and DMNRA was examined with the t-test for each of the resting, pre-spike, spike, and post-spike periods in the delta to fast ripple bands using magnetoencephalography. The FC between the ANT, MD, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex increased in the gamma to ripple bands compared with that of the controls, whereas the FC between the ANT, IL, and DMNRA decreased in the delta to beta bands. In the pre-spike period, the FC between the ANT, MD, and DMNRA significantly decreased in the ripple band. Different FC changes between the thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, and DMNRA of specific connections in a particular band may reflect impairment or compensation in the memory processes.
Dark Chocolate Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yang Juntao , Zhou Jiedong , Yang Jie , Lou Haifei , Zhao Bingjie , Chi Jufang , Guo Hangyuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Previous intervention studies have shown some benefits of dark chocolate for the cardiovascular system, but it has not been established whether dark chocolate intake is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To investigate the causality between dark chocolate intake and the risk of CVDs, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. We obtained summary-level data on dark chocolate intake and CVDs from publicly available genome-wide association studies. In this MR study, the main approach was to use a fixed-effect model with inverse variance weighted (IVW) and evaluate the robustness of the results via sensitivity analysis. We found that dark chocolate intake was significantly associated with the reduction of the risk of essential hypertension (EH) (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59–0.88; p = 1.55 × 10− 3), as well as with the potential decreased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43–0.86; p = 5.44× 10− 3). However, no association was found between dark chocolate intake and the other 10 CVDs. A sensitivity analysis of the MR analysis of VTE revealed only marginal horizontal pleiotropy (intercept = 1.76× 10− 2; p = 0.04). Our study provides evidence for a causality between dark chocolate intake and a reduced risk of EH, which has important implications for the prevention of EH in the population.
Feasibility of the Utilization of PV System in Albania
Authors: BËRDUFI IRMA , MITRUSHI DRIADA , MUDA VALBONA , BERBERI PËLLUMB 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The efficiency of the PV systems connected to the network depends not only on the efficiency of the PV module and the natural potential of solar radiation at the place of installation but also on several other factors related to the installation, temperature of the modules, nature and quality of the national or regional electrical network, inverter sizing, load, etc. The system in this study is installed on the roof of the Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water, and Environment building. The system comprises two groups of 12 polycrystalline silicon panels connected in parallel. The groups are connected in series, each with an open circuit voltage of 44.8V DC and nominal power 190Wp. The system is monitored for one year, from 2012 to 2013. Even though the PV system studied is of small size for the PV systems connected to the network, the results obtained and their interpretations enable us to determine an appropriate methodology for assessing the feasibility and designing of any similar PV system connected to the network. The used parameters during the evaluation, wherever possible, are defined in this study. In this format, the developed methodology can be served as an essential document for anyone who wants to implement an on-grid PV system project. In these conditions, without going into detailed analysis, it is clear that a project for using the PV systems connected to the network to be feasible for the electricity supply must apply an appropriate policy of fixed fees for selling this electrical energy produced.
A long-range planar polymer with efficient π-electron delocalization for superior proton storage
Authors: Wang Renyuan , He Jing , Shi MinJie , Jing Renwei , Zhao Yue , Yang Jun , Yan Chao , Yan Xingbin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the unique "Grotthus mechanism", aqueous proton batteries (APBs) are promising energy devices with intrinsic safety and sustainability. Although polymers with tunable molecular structures are expected as ideal electrode materials, their unsatisfactory proton-storage redox behaviors hinder the practical application in APB devices. Herein, a novel planar phenazine (PPHZ) polymer with a robust and extended imine-rich skeleton based on phenazine units is synthesized and used for APB application for the first time. The long-range planar configuration achieves ordered molecular stacking and reduced conformational disorder, while the high conjugation with strong π-electron delocalization optimizes energy bandgap and electronic properties, enabling to the polymer with ultra-low proton diffusion barriers (≤ 0.12 eV), high redox activity and superior electron affinity. As such, the PPHZ polymer as an electrode material exhibits fast, stable and unrivaled proton-storage redox behaviors with a record capacity of 254.5 mAh g-1 in aqueous acidic electrolyte, which is the highest value among all proton-inserted organic electrodes. Dynamic in-situ monitoring techniques confirm the high redox reversibility upon proton uptake/removal, and the corresponding protonation pathways are elucidated by multiple theoretical calculations. Moreover, a soft-packaged APB cell using PPHZ electrode exhibits an ultralong lifespan over 30,000 cycles, further verifying its promising application prospect.
Tipping point behaviour of submarine melting in ice-sheet grounding zones
Authors: Hewitt Ian , Bradley Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Marine ice sheets are highly sensitive to submarine melting in their grounding zones, where they transition between grounded and floating ice. Recently published studies of the complex hydrography of grounding zones suggest that warm ocean water can intrude large distances beneath the ice sheet, with dramatic consequences for ice dynamics. Here, we develop a model to capture the feedback between intruded ocean water, the melting it induces, and the resulting changes in ice geometry. We reveal a sensitive dependence of the grounding zone dynamics on this feedback: as the grounding zone widens in response to melting, both temperature and flow velocity in the region increase, further enhancing melting. Intriguingly, we find that increases in ocean temperature can lead to a tipping point being passed, beyond which ocean water intrudes in an unbounded manner beneath the ice sheet, via a process of runaway melting. This suggests a mechanism for dramatic changes in grounding zone behavior, which are not currently included in ice sheet models, and may enable them to reproduce previous high warm-period sea levels. We consider the susceptibility of present-day Antarctic grounding zones to this process, finding that both warm and cold water cavity ice shelves may be vulnerable. Our results point towards a stronger sensitivity of ice sheet melting, and thus higher sea level rise contribution in a warming climate, than has been previously understood.
Exploring 5G Key Technologies for Helicopter Aviation Medical Rescue
Authors: Han Wei , Li Yuanting , Chen Changgen , Huang Danni , Wang Junchao , Li Xiang , Ji Zhongliang , Li Qin , Li Zhuang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
This study aimed to explore the application of 5G key technologies in helicopter aviation medical rescue.
Methods:
This study used retrospective analysis to statistically analyze 11 aviation medical rescue cases at the Shenzhen University General Hospital from November 2019 to March 2023. To assess the time and efficiency of the rescue, we paid attention to the data such as flight time, distance, disease types, and rescue scenarios. The application of 5G low-altitude network communication technology, body area network disease sensing technology and 5G air-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology in aeromanical rescue was contrasted and explored.
Results:
The helicopter rescue flight distance was 60–600 kilometers, and the flight time was 10–136 min. The study used a 5G private network and 5G module vital sign monitoring equipment. The low-altitude 5G network had high communication quality and high-precision localization by the domestically produced Beidou. The air body area network technology used multi-pose mannequins, depth learning estimation algorithm, and encryption algorithm information entropy 7.9993. The encryption time was short. The 5G air-to-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology supported 5G direct connection, with a packet loss rate of 0.2%, and achieved 1080P high-definition multi-party remote consultation.
Conclusions:
The combination of helicopter rescue and 5G technology could significantly improve rescue efficiency, shorten response time, and achieve a remote diagnosis. The quality of low-altitude 5G network communication was high, and the domestic Beidou satellite high-precision positioning technology supported precise rescue. The airborne body area network disease perception technology adopted advanced human channel models and encryption algorithms to ensure timely and secure information. The 5G air-to-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology enabled high-quality remote consultation. Applying these innovative technologies might significantly enhance the ability of emergency medical rescue and provide strong support for future rescue operations.