bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental, economic, and social impact of five COP26 policies: A computable general equilibrium analysis for Canada
Authors: Zahedi Rahim , Aslani Alireza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlong with the main objective of politicians, other economic variables are variously affected by the environmental taxes, policies, and limitations like a price on pollution, clean electricity, the cap on emissions, methane emissions, and nature‐based solutions. The objective of the environmental solutions is to decrease pollutant emissions and energy consumption while reducing labor costs and taxes as the incentives for creating new occupations. An overall equilibrium model was considered in the present study as a nonlinear equations system, which was calibrated for the reference year of 2018 utilizing Canada's economy's data table. The effects of utilizing these environmental policies considered by Canada in COP26 are examined. In all scenarios, minimum, maximum, and optimum values for reducing pollutant emissions are calculated under these policies. According to the simulation results, welfare is reduced by the price of pollution policy. Moreover, the actual consumed budget of the household is reduced by 8%. However, such indices will be incremented by 2% in the nature‐based policy. In all scenarios, the gross domestic product is decreased. However, in the methane emission policy, this reduction is 1.05% in the lowest state. In all scenarios, the consumer price index will be incremented by 3.8%–9.8%. It is concluded that the clean electricity policy is an appropriate policy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and at the same time adhering to international commitments.
Flavor profile of “Dao Ban Xiang” (a traditional dry‐cured meat product in Chinese Huizhou cuisine) at different processing stages in winter and summer
Authors: Zhu Hanlin , Li Ping , Wang Lin , Huang Qianli , Xu Baocai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract“Dao Ban Xiang” is a famous traditional Chinese dry‐cured meat product. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the difference in the volatile flavor information of “Dao Ban Xiang” produced in winter and summer. In this study, we determine the physical and chemical properties, free amino acids (FAAs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and volatile compounds in the four processing stages of samples in winter and summer. The content of FAAs decreased significantly during the curing period in winter while increasing steadily in summer. The content of total FFAs increased in both winter and summer, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreased significantly in summer. The characteristic compound in winter samples is hexanal, nonanal, and (E)‐2‐octenal, which may mainly come from the degradation of FAAs, while the characteristic compound in winter samples is hexanal, nonanal, and (E)‐2‐nonenal, which may mainly be derived from the oxidation of FFAs. This study extends our knowledge on flavor from traditional cured meat products at different processing stages in different seasons and could be useful for the standardization of the traditional and regional meat products.
A nested case‐control study of untargeted albumin adductomics and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rahman Mohammad L. , Bassig Bryan A. , Grigoryan Hasmik , Hu Wei , Hosgood H. Dean , Huang Wen‐Yi , Wong Jason Y.Y. , Strickland Paul , Rappaport Stephen M. , Lan Qing , Rothman Nathaniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnvironmental exposures often produce reactive electrophiles in vivo, leading to oxidative stress, which plays a major role in carcinogenesis. These electrophiles frequently form adducts with human albumin, which can be measured to assess in vivo oxidative stress. Here, we aimed to examine the associations between circulatory albumin adducts and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common adult myeloid leukemia that showed consistent associations with environmental exposures. We conducted a nested case‐control study of 52 incident AML cases and 103 controls matched on age, sex and race within two prospective cohorts: the CLUE and PLCO studies. We measured 42 untargeted albumin adducts in prediagnostic samples using liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Circulatory albumin adducts were associated with AML in conditional logistic regression models. For instance, higher levels of Cys34 disulfide adduct of the S‐γ‐glutamylcysteine, a precursor of the essential antioxidant, glutathione were associated with a lower risk of AML (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]) for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles were 1.0, 0.65 (0.31‐1.36) and 0.31 (0.12‐0.80), respectively (P‐trend = .01). These associations were largely driven by effects present among cases diagnosed at or above the median follow‐up time of 5.5 years. In conclusion, applying a novel approach to characterize exposures in the prediagnostic samples, we found evidence supporting the notion that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of AML. Our findings offer insight into AML etiology and may be relevant in identifying novel therapeutic targets.
A rapid and highly sensitive multiple detection of human adenovirus type 3, type 7 and respiratory syncytial virus by recombinase‐aided reverse transcription PCR
Authors: Fan Guohao , He Xiaozhou , Zhang Ruiqing , Tian Fengyu , Sun Xiuli , Zhang Mengyi , Li Fengyu , Shen Xinxin , Ma Xuejun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely used for many pathogen detection. However, PCR technology still suffers from long detection time and insufficient sensitivity. Recombinase‐aided amplification (RAA) is a powerful nucleic acid detection tool with high sensitivity and amplification efficiency, but its complex probes and inability of multiplex detection hinder the further application of this technology.MethodsIn this study, we developed and validated the multiplex reverse transcription recombinase‐aided PCR (multiplex RT‐RAP) assay for human adenovirus 3 (HADV3), human adenovirus 7 (HADV7), and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) within 1 h with Human RNaseP protein as a reference gene to monitor the whole process.ResultsUsing recombinant plasmids, the sensitivity of multiplex RT‐RAP for the detection of HADV3, HADV7, and HRSV was 18, 3, and 18 copies per reaction, respectively. The multiplex RT‐RAP showed no cross‐reactivity with other respiratory viruses, demonstrating its good specificity. A total of 252 clinical specimens were tested by multiplex RT‐RAP and the results were found to be consistent with those of corresponding RT‐qPCR assays. After testing serial dilutions of selected positive specimens, the detection sensitivity of multiplex RT‐RAP was two to eightfold higher than that of corresponding RT‐qPCR.ConclusionWe conclude the multiplex RT‐RAP is a robust, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific assay with the potential to be used in the screening of clinical samples with low viral load.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma in Sweden 2000–2020: Increasing rituximab use and better survival in the elderly
Authors: Junlén Henna‐Riikka , Sonnevi Kristina , Lindén Ola , Hellström Mats , Scivetti Mariana Villegas , Olsson Mikael , Tufvesson Ida , Johansson Ann‐Sofie , Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma is debated: splenectomy (the old standard‐of‐care) is better than chemotherapy but maybe not better than rituximab‐containing treatment. We examined all 358 patients diagnosed with splenic marginal zone lymphoma in Sweden 2000–2020. The median overall survival was 11.0 years. The median age was 73 years; 61% were women. Age was the only independently prognostic clinical characteristic. Eighty‐six patients were started on wait‐and‐watch, 90 rituximab monotherapy, 47 rituximab‐chemotherapy, 88 splenectomy, 37 chemotherapy, and 10 both systemic therapy and splenectomy. Overall survival was inferior in patients treated with chemotherapy, but equal in patients treated with rituximab, rituximab‐chemotherapy and splenectomy. Patients treated with both systemic therapy and splenectomy showed good outcome, suggesting that surgery can be safely reserved for nonresponders. After adjustment for age, survival did not differ between patients started on wait‐and‐watch and those treated with splenectomy or rituximab‐containing therapy. Over time, rituximab use and survival increased in patients ≥73 years. This is, to our knowledge, the largest population‐based study of splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients treated with upfront rituximab. We conclude that wait‐and‐watch remains the most reasonable option in asymptomatic splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients. Symptomatic patients should be offered single‐agent rituximab in first line.
A Temporal Instability Measure for fMRI Quality Assurance
Authors: Schmidt Tim , Nagy Zoltán 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThere exist several fMRI quality assurance measures to assess scanner stability. Because they have practical and/or theoretical limitations, a different and more practical measure for instability would be desirable.PurposeTo develop and test a sensitive, reliable and widely applicable temporal instability measure (TIM) for fMRI quality assurance.Study TypeTechnical development.PhantomSpherical gel phantom.PopulationA total of 120 datasets from a local Philips scanner with two different receive‐only head coils (32ch and 8ch, 60 datasets per coil) were collected as well as 29 additional datasets with three different receive‐only head coils (20ch, 32ch, and 64ch) from two additional sites with GE (seven runs with 32ch) and Siemens scanners (seven runs with 32ch and Multiband imaging, five runs with 20ch, 32ch, and 64ch) were borrowed.Field Strength/Sequence2D Echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI).AssessmentA new TIM was proposed that is based on the eigenratio of the correlation coefficient matrix, where each entry of the matrix is a correlation coefficient between two time‐points of the time‐series.Statistical TestsNonparametric bootstrap resampling was used twice to estimate confidence intervals (CI) of the TIM values and to assess the improved sensitivity of this measure. Differences in coil performance were assessed via a nonparametric bootstrap two‐sample t‐test. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe TIM values ranged between 60 parts‐per‐million and 10,780 parts‐per‐million across all 149 experiments. The mean CI was 2.96% and 2.16% for the 120 and 29 fMRI datasets, respectively (the repeated bootstrap analysis gave 2.9% and 2.19%, respectively). The 32ch coils of the local Philips data provided more stable measurements than the 8ch coil (observed two‐sample t‐values = 26.36, −0.2 and −6.2 for TIM, tSNR, and RDC, respectively. PtSNR = 0.58).Data ConclusionThe proposed TIM is particularly useful for multichannel coils with spatially nonuniform receive sensitivity and overcomes several limitations of other measures. As such, it provides a reliable test for ascertaining scanner stability for fMRI experiments.Evidence Level5.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
Polymer Membrane‐Based Pervaporation Process for Separating Organic Mixture by Molecular Simulation
Authors: Jiang Chi. , Hou Yingfei. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources will lead to the market shrinkage of fuel oil (e.g., gasoline). Separating and transforming fuels to various chemicals is becoming an important research direction. Pervaporation (PV), as a typical membrane‐based separation process, provides a possible way to achieve the above goal. Deep understanding of permeation behavior of organics in polymers is of great importance in designing high‐performance PV membranes. In this work, a molecular dynamics (MD) method is applied to investigate the PV process for separating thiophene (an important sulfur‐containing chemical) from model gasoline mixture at the molecular level. The dissolution–diffusion process and the interaction between different components and membrane material are systematically studied. In addition, the swelling properties of the membrane which determine the stability of separation performance is also investigated at the mesoscopic scale by the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. This work will provide direct insights into PV processes for separating organic mixtures.
Supply chain mapping for improving “visilience”: A hybrid multi‐criteria decision making based methodology
Authors: Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Khan Sharfuddin Ahmed , Acquaye Adolf , Mubarik Mobashar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSupply chain mapping is gaining heightened attention due to its vital role in improving supply chain visibility and resilience. Despite its crucial role in uplifting supply chain resilience, the critical elements of supply chain mapping are yet to be determined. The study adopts a twofold approach to identify and prioritize the dimensions and sub‐dimensions of supply chain (SC) mapping. At the first stage, through an extensive review of literature, 43 sub‐dimensions of SC mapping were identified. In the second stage, Gray ‐ DEMATEL‐based Analytic Network Process (GDANP) was employed by taking the input from 25 experts selected from Oil and Gas industry of an emerging market. The findings reveal three major dimensions of SC mapping followed by 15 sub‐dimensions. Among the dimensions, upstream mapping contains the highest priority weights, followed by midstream and downstream mapping. The findings suggest a step‐wise strategy to adopt SC mapping where upstream mapping should be given the first priority. The major contribution of this study is to develop a framework for measuring the extent of SC mapping of a firm using GDANP.
Ultra‐wideband directional electrically small antenna for UHF through C‐band 5G and beyond 5G applications
Authors: Yen Songyi , Boskovic Ljubodrag B. , Elmansouri Mohamed A. , Filipovic Dejan S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA semi‐spherical combined transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn and loop antenna is designed for directional ultra‐wideband operation from 0.42 to 6 GHz for 5G and beyond 5G applications across military and commercial sectors. The antenna structure fits within a sphere with 3‐cm radius, thus operating as electrically small over the lower part of the band (ka = 0.5 at 0.795 GHz and ka = 1 at 1.59 GHz). To spread the currents across the volume while maintaining the required relationship between the lowest order TE and TM modes, the loop section is modified to conform with the enclosing minimum sphere. The TEM horn, bowtie, and resistive loading are then tuned to achieve improvement over the conventional topology in the radiation efficiency by >7% when ka = 0.5 and >22% when ka = 1.
Constitutive modelling of unsaturated gold tailings subjected to drying and wetting cycles
Authors: Mofrad Mina , Pouragha Mehdi , Simms Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe strength and deformation properties of tailing materials are strongly affected by their hydromechanical history including the cycles of desiccation and re‐saturation they undergo due to the often layered deposition process. The current study reviews the fundamental characteristics of some of the commonly used constitutive models for partially saturated soils, namely Barcelona Basic Model (BBM), Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM), and a dilatancy‐based model by Buscarnera and Nova Model (BNM) in predicting the hydromechanical response of tailing materials. In particular, we investigate the strength and shortcomings of each model and compare their capability of capturing the salient trends during drying/wetting cycles, as well as during shearing. Based on comparison with experimental data, modifications are suggested for the models, specifically related to a realistic formulation of the water retention curve and its hysteresis. The results point to a potential trade‐off in the accuracy of the constitutive models in capturing the volumetric responses during the drying/wetting cycles on one hand, and the stiffness and strength characteristics during the shearing phase on the other.
A partitioned combined computational method for multi‐scale dynamic systems
Authors: Yuan Peng , Adhikari Sondipon , Dong You 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA partitioned/combined computational method based on Newmark scheme is proposed to analyze dynamic systems with different temporal scales and element scales. To effectively filter spurious high‐frequency vibration content and retain the second‐order accuracy simultaneously, Generalized‐α schemes are investigated and incorporated into the proposed method. The proposed method can decompose a complete domain into several independent computational subdomains (≥3), and several independent substructures can be combined into a complete computational structure. The accuracy and stability of responses in different subdomains can be ensured and adjusted by using their own integration parameters and time‐step sizes. The energy conservation property is preserved in the proposed method. Only one calculation is performed at each time step for all subdomains, and computational information exchange between subdomains is only conducted at the system time step, therefore, the computational efficiency is improved significantly compared with the existing multi‐time‐step methods. The derivation process and theoretical demonstration of the proposed method are given in detail. Two representative examples, namely, a single degree of freedom system split into four subdomains and a sandwich beam subjected to high‐frequency impact loads, are studied to systematically demonstrate the proposed method's accuracy, energy properties, and efficiency compared with the existing multi‐time‐step methods.
A snapshot of Australian primary health care nursing workforce characteristics and reasons they work in these settings: A longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Nguyen Van N. B. , Brand Gabrielle , Gardiner Shanthi , Moses Samantha , Collison Lisa , Griffin Ken , Morphet Julia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis article aimed to provide a snapshot of demographics and professional characteristics of nursing and midwifery workforce in Australian primary health care (PHC) settings during 2015–2019 and factors that influenced their decisions to work in PHC.DesignLongitudinal retrospective survey.MethodsLongitudinal data that were collected from a descriptive workforce survey were retrieved retrospectively. After collation and cleaning, data from 7066 participants were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 27.0.ResultsThe majority of the participants were female, aged between 45 and 64 years old and working in general practice. There was a small yet steady increase in the number of participants in the 25–34 age group and a downward trend in the percentage of postgraduate study completion among participants. While factors perceived most/least important to their decision to work in PHC were consistent during 2015–2019, these factors differed among different age groups and postgraduate qualification holders. This study’s findings are both novel and supported by previous research. It is necessary to tailor recruitment and retention strategies to nurses/midwives’ age groups and qualifications to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified nursing and midwifery workforce in PHC settings.
The dark web trades wildlife, but mostly for use as drugs
Authors: Stringham Oliver C. , Maher Jacob , Lassaline Charlotte R. , Wood Lisa , Moncayo Stephanie , Toomes Adam , Heinrich Sarah , Watters Freyja , Drake Charlotte , Chekunov Sebastian , Hill Katherine G. W. , Decary‐Hetu David , Mitchell Lewis , Ross Joshua V. , Cassey Phillip 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Contemporary wildlife trade is massively facilitated by the Internet. By design, the dark web is one layer of the Internet that is difficult to monitor and continues to lack thorough investigation.

Here, we accessed a comprehensive database of dark web marketplaces to search across c. 2 million dark web advertisements over 5 years using c. 7 k wildlife trade‐related search terms.

We found 153 species traded in 3332 advertisements (c. 600 advertisements per year). We characterized a highly specialized wildlife trade market, where c. 90% of dark‐web wildlife advertisements were for recreational drugs.

We verified that 68 species contained chemicals with drug properties. Species advertised as drugs mostly comprised of plant species, however, fungi and animals were also traded as drugs. Most species with drug properties were psychedelics (45 species), including one genera of fungi, Psilocybe, with 19 species traded on the dark web. The native distribution of plants with drug properties were clustered in Central and South America. A smaller proportion of trade was for purported medicinal properties of wildlife, clothing, decoration, and as pets.

Synthesis and applications. Our results greatly expand on what wildlife species are currently traded on the dark web and provide a baseline to track future changes. Given the low number of advertisements, we assume current conservation and biosecurity risks of the dark web are low. While wildlife trade is rampant on other layers of the Internet, particularly on e‐commerce and social media sites, trade on the dark web may still increase if these popular platforms are rendered less accessible to traders (e.g., via an increase in enforcement). We recommend focussing on surveillance of e‐commerce and social media sites, but we encourage continued monitoring of the dark web periodically to evaluate potential shifts in wildlife trade across this more occluded layer of the Internet.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Role of polyaniline/molybdenum trioxide nanocomposites in tuning the characteristics of humidity sensors
Authors: Atkare Sayali , Hambir Shraddha , Jagtap Shweta , Adhikari Arindam , Singh Shammi Kumar , Patel Rajkumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReal time humidity monitoring is crucial in several fields such as pharmaceuticals, electronic device manufacturing, in agricultural irrigation system due to drastic changing climates and so forth. In this work, we studied humidity sensing behavior of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in composition with conductive polyaniline (PAni). The conductive PAni used in the present study was in the emeraldine salt (ES) form and was doped with amino tris‐methylene phosphonic acid (PAni‐ATMPA) as a potential candidate for humidity sensors. PAni‐ATMPA is synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers and ATMPA in the ratio of 1:1. Thus synthesized PAni and hydrothermally synthesized MoO3 were mixed together to form nanocomposites. The synthesized composites were then used to fabricate planar sensors on alumina substrate with pre‐deposited silver electrodes. XRD analysis of synthesized MoO3 shows an orthorhombic crystal structure whereas synthesized PAni shows amorphous nature. FESEM analysis of synthesized MoO3 shows sheet‐type morphology. Different compositions of MoO3:PAni were prepared by varying MoO3 and PAni wt%. The fabricated sensors were then tested over the range of 20%–90% RH and concluded that the sensitivity of the composite is seen to be higher for the composite with 20% PANi and 80% MoO3 with response time, recovery time and the linearity 7 s, 4 s, 13–62 RH% respectively. The above mentioned parameters are found to be improved in the composites as a result of PAni addition to MoO3 than the pristine MoO3. The experimental knowledge demonstrates that the films showed good repeatability (with and reproducibility (with uncertainty). Altogether, these results indicate that it is possible to tune the humidity sensing characteristics by optimizing the amount of MoO3 and PAni in MoO3:PAni composite.