bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and properties of resistant maltodextrin from cassava starch
Authors:   , Trithavisup Kamonrat 
Published: April 2023

This research aimed to determine the effects of processing conditions on molecular structure and selected properties of cassava-derived resistant dextrins (RDs) and resistant maltodextrins (RMDs). Cassava starch was mixed with hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the final acid concentration of 0.04-0.10% dry starch basis, dried at 50oC until having <5% moisture, and dextrinized at 100-120oC for 60-180 min. As acid concentration, heating temperature and time increased, water solubility, reducing sugar content, total dietary fiber (TDF) content and proportion of high molecular weight fiber fraction of RDs increased while their whiteness decreased. For the solution containing RDs produced under mild conditions (0.04-0.08% HCl, 100°C, 60 min), an endothermic peak at 45-70oC, having enthalpy of 1.66-2.14 J/g was detected. However, no endotherm was detected from the solution of RDs processed under extreme conditions. Harsher dextrinization conditions resulted in the RDs with slightly higher molecular weight but containing shorter branched chains. Dextrinization resulted in the formation of α-1,2, α-1,6, β-1,2, β-1,4 and β-1,6 in RDs. Lower proportion of α-1,4 linkage and α-/β-reducing ends with higher proportion of β-1,2, β-1,4, α-/β-1,6 linkages and degree of branching (DB) were found in RDs prepared under stronger dextrinization conditions. Although indigestible portion was enhanced by dextrinization, TDF of the RDs were only 7-47%. To increase the TDF content, RDs prepared from 5 different conditions (0.04% and 0.06% HCl, 120oC, 60-180 min), having >30% TDF, were selected for RMD production. The 30% RD solutions were treated with commercial α-amylase enzyme at 70oC, pH 6, for 90 and 120 min, to obtain the final dextrose equivalent of 8 and 12, respectively. The samples were then purified and spray dried. Alpha-amylase treatment produced RMD with shorter branched chains, lower molecular weight and glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated unfrozen phase (Tg’), but having higher TDF content, low molecular weight dietary fiber (LMWDF) content and unfrozen water content, comparing to its RD counterpart. RMDs had higher proportion of all β-glycosidic linkages, DB and α-/β-reducing ends than RDs. It was also found that RMDs with higher proportion of shorter branched chains (DP < 5) and LMWDF fraction, but having lower DB, had higher prebiotic activity score.
La Economía Popular y Solidaria en el Ecuador. El empoderamiento femenino
Authors: Verzosi Vargas Carolina Verónica , Carvajal Brito Rosa Viviana 
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar desde diferentes posturas el concepto de empoderamiento focalizado a las mujeres, relacionando su participación en emprendimientos productivos de la economía popular y solidaria en el Ecuador. El trabajo se realizó a través de un análisis documental en la profundización del surgimiento del concepto de empoderamiento que evoluciona de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos y momentos históricos, así como la presentación de las cifras de la Data SEPS que indica la gobernanza de las mujeres en esta economía. El reconocimiento de la economía popular y solidaria en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador en el año 2008, como integrante del sistema económico ecuatoriano, permite su institucionalización a través de las diferentes instituciones e instrumentos jurídicos, así como políticas públicas que promueven este modelo de economía, conocida como la economía del rostro humano o de la solidaridad, por sus principios identitarios que la caracteriza. Uno de estos principios es la equidad de género y en este sector las mujeres participan activamente en los diferentes modelos empresariales, permitiéndoles disfrutar de oportunidades, convirtiéndolas en lideresas, empresarias. Finalmente, el análisis de estos conceptos contribuye con argumentos teóricos suficientes para analizar como la economía popular y solidaria permite que la mujer en un mercado laboral excluyente se reivindique, construyendo proyectos alternativos que mejoren la calidad de vida. La metodología es de tipo descriptiva, documental, de revisión literaria, como resultado del análisis y estudio se propone un concepto de empoderamiento para la mujer de la economía popular y solidaria.
Expressing identity in mission statements: a case of Polish social cooperatives
Authors: Seiler Bartosz , Bortnowska Hanna 
Published: April 2023

The rise of social cooperatives can be related to the blurring of boundaries between sectors in the modern economy and the creation of hybrid organizations, which combine different rationalities in their activities. Despite the defined legal form, they can still express their organizational iden-tity in a variety of ways - adopt a more social or a more market orientation. One of the forms of expression of organizational identity is a declaration of mission, which includes, among others, basic values.The aim of the article is to: a) identify the types of mission statements in Polish social cooperatives; b) identify the values contained in the mission statements of Polish social cooperatives; c) determine whether the identity of an enterprise, social organization or mutual-support group prevails in Polish social cooperatives.
For the purposes of the research, the contents of the missions of social cooperatives registered in Poland were analysed. 99 missions were identified and analysed using the IRAMUTEQ program. At a later stage, an invitation to participate in the survey was sent out to the 99 social cooperatives whose missions were being researched. The invite was addressed to the managers.
The conducted analyses point to the existence of three main elements in the identity of Polish social cooperatives. The first, and the most developed one, is a social element related to the organ-ization’s orientation towards solidarity and its responsibility for the work and social integration of persons at risk of social exclusion, focus on beneficiaries and on their comprehensive service. This identity is related to high prioritization of such value as education. The second exposed element of identity is related to economic activity. The organizations in question see themselves as enterprises that should provide high-quality products and focus on customer satisfaction. This identity is related to values such as professionalism and work engagement, focus on employees and work safety. Matters related to business growth and competition, as well as values such as research and development, growth, product superiority, focus on competitors or company success are much less exposed. The third, least exposed area of identity has to do with responsibility for the environment and is associated with activities undertaken for the sake of community and envi-ronment.The analysis of the mission statements was supplemented with an analysis of case-specific data obtained in the questionnaire research. Two identities were predominant: enterprise and social organization, while the identity related to community affairs was marginalized.
Collective Social Responsibility: An extended three-dimensional model of Corporate Social Responsibility for contemporary society
Authors: Socorro Márquez Félix Oscar , Danvila-Del Valle Ignacio , Serradell-López Enric , Reyes Ortiz Giovanni Efraín 
Published: April 2023

The Collective Social Responsibility model (CSRm) arises as a response to questioning the current vision of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). After analysing several authors and sources, this research proposes a vision that is more in line with reality and events in contemporary society and can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The study had three main objectives: (i) to propose a theoretical model to expand the concepts associated with CSR, (ii) to explain the proposed model and its implications for companies, society, and the environment, and, finally, (iii) to establish the relationship between the proposed model and the SDG promoted by the UN. This study used a qualitative methodology based on documentary review and inferential and deductive reasoning. The Collective Social Responsibility model (CSRm) proposed here is an expanded and updated version of CSR, observed from a three-dimensional perspective. The proposed model seeks to transform not only the impact that organizations and businesses have on society, but also the way in which governments, companies, groups, and individuals complement each other in relation to this field.
La economía social responsable y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible frente a la crisis post-COVID-19: la voz de las personas expertas
Authors: Aguado-Hernández Juli Antoni , Rodríguez del Pino Juan Antonio , Abellán López María Ángeles 
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del trabajo es conocer las aportaciones que pueden realizar la economía social y de la responsabilidad social corporativa en la búsqueda de soluciones a la crisis sanitaria y económica actual, con el fin de evitar sus efectos más traumáticos. Para ello, se analizan las variaciones que pueden producirse en tres escenarios: en las organizaciones sociales y responsables, en los cambios de valores en concordancia con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), y en las transformaciones hacia nuevos modelos económicos y de empresa. De este modo, se revisan los elementos favorables existentes, como el papel de las empresas contra los efectos de la pandemia, el importante consenso internacional existente -los Diez Principios del Pacto Mundial y los 17 ODS- y la mayor conciencia colectiva sobre la importancia de lo público y de los riesgos del planeta. La principal contribución del trabajo es plantear posibles estrategias frente a la crisis, tanto a nivel macro como micro, sobre la base de que esta inédita situación recoge y estimula elementos preexistentes que ahora toman nuevas dimensiones. Desde el punto vista metodológico, estas propuestas se generan en un debate donde se entrecruzan la literatura académica, los ejemplos de actuaciones empresariales, el resultado de encuestas y, de forma destacada, la técnica de recopilación documental y análisis del discurso de personas expertas en la materia. Entre los hallazgos y conclusiones cabe destacar la mayor sensibilidad hacia lo público y la sostenibilidad, como elementos de desarrollo, y más receptividad hacia un nuevo paradigma empresarial.
Public research organizations’ interactions with firms: Factors driving the perceived benefits
Authors: García Granero Ana , Vega Jurado Jaider , Manjarrés Henríquez Liney 
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates which factors are more effective when taking advantage of benefits perceived by firms in their collaborations with public research organizations (PROs). The empirical study is based on a survey of firms that have collaborated with the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the largest PRO in Spain. We performed an ordinal probit regression, where the dependent variables reflect the importance of benefits from the interaction. We add to previous literature by considering benefits beyond innovation results and by studying the firm´s absorptive capacity and knowledge search strategy as determinants of such benefits. Our results show that firms need to have a certain level of absorptive capacity to take advantage of the collaboration with PROs, but that R&D is not the only antecedent that must be considered. Prior collaborative experience with PROs appears as an important factor to exploit these interactions, in particular as a way to develop internal capabilities and obtain long-term benefits. The study also outlined the firm´s external search strategy as a relevant factor in determining the benefits obtained from interactions with PROs.
Umbilical artery Doppler flow velocimetry in intrauterine growth restriction and its relation to perinatal outcome
Authors: Seyam Y.S. , Al‐Mahmeid M.S. , Al‐Tamimi H.K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to compare pregnancy outcomes in growth‐restricted fetuses retaining normal umbilical artery Doppler flow and the outcomes of pregnancies with end‐diastolic velocity either diminished or severely reduced/absent. Methods: One hundred pregnant women with growth‐restricted fetuses were followed with Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery between weeks 28 and 41 of pregnancy. Outcomes were compared for the normal Doppler group (16%), the less‐severely abnormal group (77%), and the group with severely reduced or absent end‐diastolic velocity waveforms (7%). Results: The diagnosis‐to‐delivery interval was significantly shorter, and the average birth weight and gestational age at delivery were significantly lower, for fetuses with abnormal Doppler velocimetry (showing diminished or severely reduced/absent end‐diastolic velocity) than for those in the normal Doppler group. Fetuses with abnormal Doppler velocimetry also had a significantly higher incidence of oligohydramnios, low‐birth weight (<10th percentile), and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. There were no perinatal deaths among the normal Doppler patients. Conclusions: Growth‐restricted fetuses with normal umbilical artery velocimetry are at significantly lower risk than those with abnormal velocity waveforms, and immediate delivery of the fetus with diminished end‐diastolic flow may be unnecessary. Knowing this relationship may be useful in the clinical management of such pregnancies. Doppler surveillance of growth‐restricted fetuses supplemented with cardiotocography, preferably combined with biophysical profile testing, results in a prolonged gestational age and acceptable fetal outcome.
Chemical reactivity of iron atoms near room temperature
Authors: Mitchell S. A. , Hackett P. A. 
Published: July 2002

The reactivity of ground state iron atoms with respect to atom transfer and adduct formation reactions with a variety of simple molecules in Ar buffer gas near room temperature has been investigated. Iron atoms are produced by visible multiphoton dissociation of iron pentacarbonyl or ferrocene, and their removal by added gases under pseudo-first-order conditions is monitored by resonance fluorescence excitation at variable time delay following the photolysis pulse. Upper limits for second-order rate constants for reaction of ground state iron atoms with O2, CO, H2O, (CH3)2O, C2H2, C2H4, N2O, C2H4O, and CF3Cl at room temperature and 100 Torr total pressure are estimated to be in the range (2–10)× 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which corresponds to reaction probabilities of less than ≂10−5 per hard sphere collision. Pseudo-second-order rate constants in the range (2–60)× 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 are found for 1:1 adduct formation reactions of ground state iron atoms with C6H6, 1,3-butadiene, NH3, and NO. The formation of such complexes at room temperature implies that the binding energies are greater than ≂7 kcal mol−1.
For the complex FeNH3, the kinetic data allow measurements of dissociation equilibrium constants at 278.5 and 295 K, from which a binding energy ΔH°0 = 7.5 ± 1 kcal mol−1 is derived. Measurements of the dependence of the pseudo-second-order rate constant for formation of FeNO on the pressure of Ar buffer gas at 296 K allow estimates to be made of the limiting low- and high-pressure recombination rate constants: k0 =2.3×10−32 cm6 molecule−2  s−1 and k∞=1×10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Comparisons are made between the present results which indicate a remarkably low reactivity for iron atoms, and previously reported results for reactions of iron atoms in low temperature matrices and gas phase reactions of other transition metal atoms. An interpretation of our results is given in terms of schematic potential energy curves which are based on the results of previous ab initio calculations for the complex FeCO. The qualitative features of these curves are consistent with low reactivity of ground state iron atoms with respect to adduct formation due to repulsive ground state interactions and low probabilities for transitions from repulsive to attractive potential surfaces.
Square-well and square-shoulder fluids: Simulation and equations of state
Authors: Heyes D. M. , Aston P. J. 
Published: July 2002

We explore the properties of a simple analytic equation of state, proposed by Heyes and Woodcock [D. M. Heyes and L. V. Woodcock, Mol. Phys. 59, 1369 (1986)] which is a development of the van der Waals equation of state, improved with an analytically simple yet accurate hard-core component for the compressibility factor. We call this the hard-sphere van der Waals (HSvdW) equation of state. We show, for the first time, that the HSvdW equation of state gives analytic values for the critical parameters and that it gives significantly more realistic values for the critical density than the van der Waals and other cubic equations of state. For single-component square wells of arbitrary well width, the HSvdW equation of state also produces a critical temperature and pressure in agreement with those from a recent Gibbs Monte Carlo simulation study. The chief advantage over a similar equation of state with an alternative form for the hard-core compressibility factor, such as Carnahan–Starling, is that it leads to more tractable analytic expressions for thermodynamic properties without loss of accuracy.
Extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations of square-well (SW) and square-shoulder (SS) fluids with variable well width have been performed. We have calculated the compressibility factor, internal energy, pair distribution functions, and coordination number (average number of particles within the soft-shell interaction range). We have also determined the gas–liquid coexistence curve using the particle insertion chemical potential method for the square-well case, λ=1.5σ, where λ is the diameter of the soft interaction shell. This agrees well with the Gibbs ensemble simulation coexistence curve. For the purpose of improving the attractive component of the HSvdW equation of state, we have made use of the SW and SS simulation data and that of other workers to develop another new simple equation of state based on the quasichemical local coordination number approximation (QCA) which is a lattice model of a fluid. The QCA is improved to include the local coordination of the hard-sphere fluid. Present adaptations extend the range of earlier QCA models to arbitrary well width and sign of the well (either attractive well or repulsive shoulder). The simulation coordination numbers are reproduced well by the present model, although there is little improvement in the overall equation of state over the simpler HSvdW.
Atomization of a liquid jet
Authors: Lin S. P. , Kang D. J. 
Published: July 2002

Generation of ripples by wind blowing over a viscous fluid was investigated by G. I. Taylor [The Scientific Papers of G. I. Taylor (Cambridge U. P., Cambridge, 1963), Vol. 3, No. 25] with linear stability analysis. Taylor considered the case of temporally growing disturbances in a low density gas and applied his results to explain the process of atomization of a liquid jet injected into a low density gas. Taylor’s analysis is extended here to investigate the case of a spatially growing disturbance in a dense gas. Taylor showed that temporal disturbances of wavelength shorter than the capillary length are stable. The same is found for the spatial disturbances. Each type of disturbance possesses a maximum growth rate with a specific wavelength and frequency. The atomized droplet size corresponding to the maximum growth rate is shown in both theories to decrease inversely as the square of the jet velocity. While the maximum growth rate increases as the square root of the gas-to-liquid density ratio when A2 exceeds 1 for the temporal disturbances, the same dependence on the density ratio does not hold for spatial disturbances until A2 exceeds 100, where A2 is a flow parameter representing the ratio of surface force to the viscous force. When A2 exceeds 100 the growth rates predicted by two theories deviate significantly only at air pressure higher than 10 atm for most liquids at room temperature.
However, for all parameters, the spray angle changes along the jet axis according to the spatial theory, but remains constant according to the temporal theory. It is shown that the viscous force in the liquid may be increased relative to the surface tension force to the point that no discernable spray angle may be observed in practice. Then an intact jet without atomization may result. It is shown that the onset of atomization is primarily caused by the pressure fluctuation which resonates the capillary waves. The results on the interfacial amplification rate suggest that a sufficiently large initial amplitude at the nozzle exit is essential for the onset of atomization.
J. A. Schumpeter, Werner Stark, and the Historiography of Economic Thought
Authors: Szmrecsányi Tamás 
Published: July 2002

This article intends to assess and compare the main contributions to our discipline of two major authors and authorities. Both of them originated in Central Europe and, later on, went to work in the United States, where their most important books on the subject were published posthumously during the second half of the twentieth century. At the same time, besides pertaining to different generations, they also were very unlike from each other.The eldest, Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883–1950), remains much better known among contemporary economists, although very few of them seem to have read in its entirety his imposing History of Economic Analysis (1954a), still a model of our trade. The same probably also applies to his shorter and previous book on the same subject, Economic Doctrine and Method, which had been initially published in Germany forty years earlier, as well as to the essays collected in his Ten Great Economists: From Marx to Keynes.
β1 Integrins Are Critically Involved in Neutrophil Locomotion in Extravascular Tissue In Vivo
Authors: Werr Joachim , Xie Xun , Hedqvist Per , Ruoslahti Erkki , Lindbom Lennart 
Published: July 2002

Recruitment of leukocytes from blood to tissue in inflammation requires the function of specific cell surface adhesion molecules. The objective of this study was to identify adhesion molecules that are involved in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) locomotion in extravascular tissue in vivo. Extravasation and interstitial tissue migration of PMNs was induced in the rat mesentery by chemotactic stimulation with platelet-activating factor (PAF; 10−7 M). Intravital time-lapse videomicroscopy was used to analyze migration velocity of the activated PMNs, and the modulatory influence on locomotion of locally administered antibodies or peptides recognizing various integrin molecules was examined. Immunofluorescence flow cytometry revealed increased expression of α4, β1, and β2 integrins on extravasated PMNs compared with blood PMNs. Median migration velocity in response to PAF stimulation was 15.5 ± 4.5 μm/min (mean ± SD). Marked reduction (67 ± 7%) in motility was observed after treatment with mAb blocking β1 integrin function (VLA integrins), whereas there was little, although significant, reduction (22 ± 13%) with β2 integrin mAb. Antibodies or integrin-binding peptides recognizing α4β1, α5β1, or αvβ3 were ineffective in modulating migration velocity.
Our data demonstrate that cell surface expression of β1 integrins, although limited on blood PMNs, is induced in extravasated PMNs, and that members of the β1 integrin family other than α4β1 and α5β1 are critically involved in the chemokinetic movement of PMNs in rat extravascular tissue in vivo.