bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of platforms for processing camera‐trap data using artificial intelligence
Authors: Vélez Juliana , McShea William , Shamon Hila , Castiblanco‐Camacho Paula J. , Tabak Michael A. , Chalmers Carl , Fergus Paul , Fieberg John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Camera traps have quickly transformed the way in which many ecologists study the distribution of wildlife species, their activity patterns and interactions among members of the same ecological community. Although they provide a cost‐effective method for monitoring multiple species over large spatial and temporal scales, the time required to process the data can limit the efficiency of camera‐trap surveys. Thus, there has been considerable attention given to the use of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically deep learning, to help process camera‐trap data. Using deep learning for these applications involves training algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to use particular features in the camera‐trap images to automatically detect objects (e.g. animals, humans, vehicles) and to classify species.

To help overcome the technical challenges associated with training CNNs, several research communities have recently developed platforms that incorporate deep learning in easy‐to‐use interfaces. We review key characteristics of four AI platforms—Conservation AI, MegaDetector, MLWIC2: Machine Learning for Wildlife Image Classification and Wildlife Insights—and two auxiliary platforms—Camelot and Timelapse—that incorporate AI output for processing camera‐trap data. We compare their software and programming requirements, AI features, data management tools and output format. We also provide R code and data from our own work to demonstrate how users can evaluate model performance.

We found that species classifications from Conservation AI, MLWIC2 and Wildlife Insights generally had low to moderate recall. Yet, the precision for some species and higher taxonomic groups was high, and MegaDetector and MLWIC2 had high precision and recall when classifying images as either ‘blank’ or ‘animal’. These results suggest that most users will need to review AI predictions, but that AI platforms can improve efficiency of camera‐trap‐data processing by allowing users to filter their dataset into subsets (e.g. of certain taxonomic groups or blanks) that can be verified using bulk actions.

By reviewing features of popular AI‐powered platforms and sharing an open‐source GitBook that illustrates how to manage AI output to evaluate model performance, we hope to facilitate ecologists' use of AI to process camera‐trap data.
A new minification integer‐valued autoregressive process driven by explanatory variables
Authors: Qian Lianyong , Zhu Fukang 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe discrete minification model based on the modified negative binomial operator, as an extension to the continuous minification model, can be used to describe an extreme value after few increasing values. To make this model more practical and flexible, a new minification integer‐valued autoregressive process driven by explanatory variables is proposed. Ergodicity of the new process is discussed. The estimators of the unknown parameters are obtained via the conditional least squares and conditional maximum likelihood methods, and the asymptotic properties are also established. A testing procedure for checking existence of the explanatory variables is developed. Some Monte Carlo simulations are given to illustrate the finite‐sample performances of the estimators under specification and misspecification and the test, respectively. A real example is applied to illustrate the performance of our model.
Extensional deformation of a shale‐dominated delta: Tarakan Basin, offshore Indonesia
Authors: Erdi Aurio , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Soto Juan I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeformation on shale‐rich continental margins is commonly associated with thin‐skinned extension above mobile shales. Normal faulting and shale mobilization are widespread on such margins, being associated with and controlled by progradation and gravitational failure of deltaic sedimentary wedges. However, due to uncertainties in seismically imaging mobile shales, our understanding of problems like how base mobile‐shale controls deformation, and the shape, size, and distribution of shale structures remains poorly understood. Here, we use 3D seismic reflection data from the platform region of the Tarakan Basin, offshore eastern Indonesia to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of thin‐skinned deformation of the Neogene sedimentary section. Our detailed seismic interpretation reveals up to 74 km long, concave‐ and convex‐into‐the‐basin normal faults, dipping both basinward (eastwards) and locally landward (westwards), which detach downwards on a basal mobile shale (Early‐Middle Miocene). The base of the mobile‐shale unit dips gently (<17°) seaward, although older (Eocene‐Early Miocene), rift‐related normal faults originate local structural highs deforming the base of mobile shales. Our isochore (thickness map) analysis shows that supra‐shale normal faulting commenced in the Middle Miocene and was accompanied by the formation of hanging‐wall rollover folds and associated crestal grabens, with the subsequent along‐ and across strike migration of the deformation related to the nucleation, lateral linkage and reactivation of individual fault systems. Updip growth normal faulting was also accompanied by the downslope flow of mobile shale, accompanied by parallel and perpendicular variations of the differential loading in the delta system, and local contraction and mobile‐shale upbuilding, resulting in the growth of large, margin‐parallel shale anticlines further downdip. The growth faults and anticlines are locally overlain by up to 5 km tall mud pipes and volcanoes. We suggest that variations in the rate of sedimentary loading, mobile‐shale flow, fault growth and gravitational failure of the delta system above a seaward‐dipping, but locally rugose base mobile‐shale surface, controlled Neogene deformation in the Tarakan Basin. We also demonstrate how variations in the trend and dip of the base mobile‐shale surface influence the position, timing of formation and evolution of supra‐shale normal faults and their associated depocentres along shale‐rich, deltaic margins.
The Chinese version of the Caregiver Difficulties Scale: Psychometric evaluation
Authors: Zhong Xiaoying , Guo Xiujing , Zhang Li , Yang Xiaorong , Jingyao Chen , Li Dehua , Chen Xiaoyong , Zhou Hui , Wijesinghe Champa J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating caregiver burden and its health impact is an essential component of long‐term care plan for children with disabilities; the Caregiver Difficulties Scale (CDS) has high conceptual sensitivity. The aim of this study was to adapt the CDS to Chinese and investigates the psychometric properties of this tool.MethodsThe study was carried out among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (n = 194). The CDS, Caregivers Burden Inventory (CBI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF) were used for data collection. Twenty experts were consulted to evaluate the content validity of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to measure the construct validity of CDS. The Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated among CDS, CBI and WHOQOL‐BREF to examine the convergent validity and discriminant validity. The reliability was evaluated by examining internal consistency and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe result of expert consultation showed that the S‐CVI was 0.894 and the I‐CVI ranged from 0.70 to 1.00. The fit indices showed that the original correlated four‐factor model of CDS was adequate: χ2 = 268.397; df = 243; χ2/df = 1.105; RMSEA = 0.023; CFI = 0.985; NNFI = 0.869; TLI = 0.982; IFI = 0.986. The score of CDS was positively strong associated with the scores of CBI (r = +0.764); negatively correlating with the scores of WHOQOL‐BREF (r = −0.627). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.840; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value was 0.843.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the CDS is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate burden for caregivers of children with CP in China.
In defense of peer influence: The unheralded benefits of conformity
Authors: Laursen Brett , Veenstra René 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeer influence is an instrument of change, with outcomes that are not preordained: The same processes that make influence a source of harm also make it a valuable interpersonal resource. Yet the benefits of peer influence are insufficiently appreciated. Knowing when and how much to conform to the wishes of others is an important skill that children must acquire to adjust to and thrive in a social world dominated by peers. Peer influence can be an adaptive strategy whose benefits outweigh the costs that sometimes arise in its application. To overlook the adaptive consequences of peer influence is to miss the main point of conformity, which is to foster harmony between individuals and secure their interpersonal, physical, and mental well‐being.
Acute PresentatiOn of coLorectaL cancer ‐ an internatiOnal snapshot (APOLLO): Protocol for a prospective, multicentre cohort study
Authors:   EuroSurg Collaborative
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe primary aim of the study is to describe the variation in the operative and nonoperative management of emergency presentations of colon and rectal cancer in an international cohort. Secondary aims will be to develop a risk prediction model for mortality and primary anastomosis and validate risk criteria of large bowel obstruction (LBO) in patients with previously known colorectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or awaiting elective surgery.MethodThis prospective, multicentre audit will be conducted via the student‐ and trainee‐led EuroSurg Collaborative network internationally over 2023 with 90‐day follow‐up. Data will be collected on consecutive adult patients presenting to the hospital in an unplanned and urgent manner with colorectal cancer (CRC) due to malignant LBO, perforation, CRC‐related haemorrhage, or other related reasons. Primary outcome is 90‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes include rates of stomas, primary anastomosis, stenting, preoperative imaging, and complications or readmissions.ConclusionThis protocol describes the methodology for the first international audit on the management of acutely presenting CRC. This study will utilise a large collaborative network with robust data validation and assurance strategies. APOLLO will provide a comprehensive understanding of current practice, develop risk prediction tools in this setting, and validate existing trial results.
Socio‐ecological benefits of fine‐flavor cacao in its center of origin
Authors: Tscharntke Teja , Ocampo‐Ariza Carolina , Vansynghel Justine , Ivañez‐Ballesteros Blanca , Aycart Pablo , Rodriguez Lily , Ramirez Marleni , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Maas Bea , Thomas Evert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the tropics, combining food security with biodiversity conservation remains a major challenge. Tropical agroforestry systems are among the most biodiversity‐friendly and productive land‐use systems, and 70% of cocoa is grown by >6 million smallholder farmers living on <2$ per day. In cacao's main centre of diversification, the western Amazon region, interest is growing to achieve premium prices with the conversion of high‐yielding, but mostly bulk‐quality cacao to native fine‐flavor cacao varieties, culturally important since pre‐Columbian times. Conversion to native cacao can be expected to favor adaptation to regional climate and growth conditions, and to enhance native biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological pest control and pollination, but possibly also imply susceptibility to diseases. Experience from successful conversion of non‐native cacao plantations to fine‐flavor cacao agroforestry with rejuvenation by grafting and under medium‐canopy cover levels (30%–40%) can ensure a smooth transition with only minor temporary productivity gaps. This includes ongoing selection programs of high yielding and disease resistant native fine‐flavor cacao genotypes and organizing in cooperatives to buffer the high market volatility. In conclusion, the recent interest on converting bulk cacao to a diversity of native fine‐flavor varieties in countries like Peru is a challenge, but offers promising socio‐ecological perspectives.
More accurate, consistent, and reliable data for amphibian species are needed from China's nature reserves
Authors: Wei Pingfan , Chen Jinmin , Duan Yubao , Song Yanfang , Wang Zhijian , Yuan Zhiyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetailed, accurate, and reliable data regarding the occurrence of amphibian species in nature reserves (NRs) are important to facilitate effective conservation and management programs. We evaluated the current situation and research gaps in amphibian species inventories of NRs in mainland China by conducting a systematic review of papers on amphibian diversity research in NRs from 1956 to 2021. Generally, there was a gradual increase in amphibian survey intensity and standards, however, as some important parameters were lacking, such as species abundance and threats to amphibians. The standardization of amphibian surveys in NRs needs to urgently be strengthened and effectively implemented. We hope that highlighting these biases and gaps could provide actionable information for decision‐makers and improve conservation practices affecting amphibians in China and other native fauna elsewhere.
Mapping the Messy: Using Visual Noise to Convey Not All Journeys Are Linear
Authors: KOEMAN LISA 
Published: December 2022

In order to communicate research findings, industry researchers rely on a wide range of tools to convey insights. A prime example are visualisations depicting steps in a journey in a sequential order. The use of such a visual representation is often meant to summarise commonalities in a simplified way; they act as a standalone shareable shorthand designed to narrate ‘the experience(s)‘.This PechaKucha instead makes a case for messiness: visual noise aimed to overwhelm. My research on rejection in academic publishing shows that the reality of publishing papers in journals is anything but linear. In order to communicate this message to stakeholders, I set out to paint a vivid picture of endless loops and hoops authors go through to achieve success. This talk is a call for conveying the messy, and an ode to the resilience of academic researchers.
“Buy now, pay later” as Resilient Credit
Authors: AALDERS RACHEL 
Published: December 2022

Buy now, pay later (BNPL) products like Afterpay and Klarna promise to disrupt and democratise traditional finance by providing a fairer and more empowering financial product. Yet critics argue these products encourage overconsumption that people can ill‐afford, with late fees that can quickly add up.But what if we viewed these products not as emerging and disrupting, or as predatory and targeted, but instead saw them as part of a resilient credit industry – one that has learnt, adapted and evolved with changes in norms, regulations and technology?Understanding these products as part of an ongoing, resilient credit industry helps us move beyond criticism and hype, so we can design a financial future for everyone.
Social Resilience: Shifting from an Individual to a Shared Social Model for Building Resilience
Authors: RABODZEENKO JENNY , COSTELLO KELLY 
Published: December 2022

Through Designing Your Future workshops at Cook County Jail in Chicago as part of WIND (Women Initiating New Directions) programming, we have had the chance to connect with incarcerated women awaiting trial. From these interactions with women who, despite tremendous life adversity, are extremely resilient, we have realized that the notion of resilience is a double‐edged sword. While heroic, the myth of individual resilience, in the context of criminal justice, may simultaneously allow society to abdicate responsibility for those in jail.In this PechaKucha, we propose a reframe, from individual to social resilience, which holds us all accountable. Through understanding the many types of adversity faced by at‐risk women throughout their lives, especially mental health and substance abuse challenges, we show historical and current precedents for more humane solutions that enhance individual resilience via social support. The presentation concludes with a call to action: guiding principles for social resilience.
With the Phone in the Field: Making the Ethnographic Toolbox Resilient to Change
Authors: SØRENSEN SIGNE HELBO GREGERS 
Published: December 2022

The characteristic smell that makes you think of a summer cabin and the warm feeling when touching a wooden surface. It was such sensory insights that we hoped to obtain during a study with the aim to explore people's experiences of living in wooden houses. But then the COVID pandemic hit. Instead, we had to find ways of entering people's homes through digital means and at a distance. One day during the study we received a message from one of the informants via the app that was used to collect snapshots of their homes:
“(..) But I see no reason in showcasing my private home on video and if you can't proceed without it, I'm done with your silly study…”With the phone in the field, what had suddenly happened?This submission explores these digitally mediated encounters with a post‐phenomenological lens, as it can give us insight as to what happens when trying to make ethnography resilient to change. By reflecting on technology's mediating role, we can harvest its great potentials for strengthening the ethnographic toolbox.
The Myth of The Pipeline Problem: Creating a Diverse and Thriving Team
Authors: JACKSON‐MARTINEZ SHAKIMA , Zibell Kristin 
Published: December 2022

Corporate leaders issued countless statements decrying racism and investing in diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts in 2020. As a result of the pandemic and the ongoing racial reckoning that year, the overlap between societal events and corporate commitments became sharply visible. But the actions on those commitments, less so.Focusing on DEI sparks all sorts of biased statements from colleagues like, “There are no Black/Trans/Women researchers,” “We don't want quality to suffer,” and “There's no pipeline, these folks just aren't out there.”In the face of these false and racist sentiments, researchers, leaders, and managers can create diverse and thriving teams.At the end of this PechaKucha, the audience will have instructions and examples so they can create a diverse and thriving team and support a resilient culture.Shakima Jackson‐Martiniz, Senior Director of DEI at AnswerLab, a research and insights firm, has done just that. In this PechaKucha, she will tell the story of how she increased employee diversity by 29% and is moving forward towards a 50% diversity goal. She'll share the three pillars necessary to create a representative and resilient researcher workforce. She'll describe the challenges she faced along the way and how she addressed them. Ms. Jackson‐Martinez will walk through next steps to foster further inclusivity and belonging at any organization.
Navigating the Next with Resilience: Global Portfolio Strategy in a World of Uncertainty
Authors: GASPERI GIULIA ELISA , HORNSBY SAM , MCTIGUE KATE , PEDEN NICHOLAS 
Published: December 2022

Apparel & footwear (A&F) give us social identity, protection and a means of self‐expression. But in a pandemic these ways of thinking about clothing are essentially pointless. When the world shuts down and stays at home, how are A&F companies supposed to figure out what's next – and how to gear themselves up for the future?At TRIPTK, we created the What's Next Desk, a ‘what do we do about it next’ set of strategic and tactical actions for a global leader in apparel & footwear to respond to the behavioral shifts in consumer trends during COVID‐19.We believe ethnographic research is a powerful approach for connecting companies to the people, communities and culture they serve. And when the world shuts down and we're forced to throw the classic ethnographic playbook out the window, we still believe the ethnographic approach is possible and preferred.We believe that at its core, Ethnography promotes empathy, contextual understanding and a cultural sensitivity that helps business be a force for good. To catalyze the adoption of approaches from Anthropology, Sociology and the social sciences more broadly, commercial practitioners must prove out the impact of ethnographic research to the corporate bottom line.In this case study, we have furthered that endeavor in threefold ways: Making a global business resilient to the dramatic impact of COVID‐19, developing a methodology set and tool kit that is resilient to change and developing strategy that is resilient to subjectivity.
Let's Shift Power Together! An EPIC Co‐Creation Activity
Authors: MAULDIN CHELSEA , RADYWYL NATALIA 
Published: December 2022

I (and a translator) were interviewing a woman in her home when her husband came home and was angry to find us, and demanded we stop and leave.I was asked to name‐drop in an academic paper to get it accepted by the organizers/editors.When I do research in our stores and associates refer to me as being “from corporate,” I try to reframe as “I'm from tech” so that corporate “bad behavior” doesn't transfer to me.
Molecular characterization of onychomatricoma: Spatial profiling reveals the role of onychofibroblasts in its pathogenesis
Authors: Shim Joonho , Park Jihye , Jung Yeon Joo , Jang Kee‐Taek , Kwon Eun Ji , Lee Jong Hee , Lee Dongyoun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOnychomatricoma (OM) is a rare nail unit tumour with a characteristic presentation of finger‐like projections arising from the nail matrix. Due to the lack of transcriptome information, the mechanisms underlying its development are largely unknown. To characterize molecular features involved in the disease pathogenesis, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) in 2 cases of OM and normal control nail units. Based on the histological evaluation, we selectively profiled 69 regions of interest covering epithelial and stromal compartments of each tissue section. Dermoscopic and histopathologic findings were reviewed in 6 cases. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of nail units and DSP were combined to define cell type contributions of OM. We identified 173 genes upregulated in stromal compartments of OM compared to onychodermis, specialized nail mesenchyme. Gene ontology analysis of the upregulated genes suggested the role of Wnt pathway activation in OM pathogenesis. We also found PLA2G2A, a known modulator of Wnt signalling, is strongly and specifically expressed in the OM stroma. The potential role of Wnt pathway was further supported by strong nuclear localization of β‐catenin in OM. Compared to the nail matrix epithelium, only a few genes were increased in OM epithelium. Deconvolution of nail unit cell types showed that onychofibroblasts are the dominant cell type in OM stroma. Altogether, integrated spatial and single‐cell multi‐omics concluded that OM is a tumour that derives a significant proportion of its origin from onychofibroblasts and is associated with upregulation of Wnt signals, which play a key role in the disease pathogenesis.