bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty, education and family health limit disease management and yields on smallholder cocoa farms in Bougainville
Authors: Guest David , Butubu James , van Ogtrop Floris , Hall Jessica , Vinning Grant , Walton Merrilyn 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Decades of research and training activities have not reduced crop disease or pest losses, increased average yields, or alleviated poverty among smallholder cocoa farmers. Failure has been variously attributed to farmer ignorance or indifference, sociocultural barriers, inappropriate technologies, risk aversion, or uncertain financial incentives. However, attributing a single cause overlooks the complexity resulting from unique intersections of challenges facing smallholder cocoa farming families in different regions. We investigated smallholder farmer productivity from a transdisciplinary One-Health perspective and found that among cocoa farming families in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (Papua New Guinea; PNG) the most significant barriers to increased productivity and higher incomes were low levels of education, financial insecurity, and poor family health. These factors interact to reduce the availability of productive labour needed to implement knowledge and technologies from extension and training programs, and it is labour availability rather than agronomic knowledge that limits the effectiveness of farmer training. If the goal is to increase productivity and thus livelihoods of smallholder cocoa farmers, One Health approaches that engage with communities to include relevant education, health, and income diversification packages are likely to be more successful than conventional agronomically-based farmer training. Healthy crops depend on healthy, educated farming families.

One Health Impact Statement
Conventional disciplinary-based assistance programs assume that it is technical knowledge that limits food production, incomes, and living standards in rural, low-income communities. This approach overlooks how the intersection of knowledge with incentives and human capacity constrains technology adoption. Significant global investments in disciplinary-based programs have not improved smallholder cocoa yields, incomes, or family health. Our team collected data on demography, farming activities, incomes, health, and nutrition from families in 33 cocoa-growing villages in Bougainville. Results were presented back to the communities, Government and scientific community and their perspectives incorporated. Our transdisciplinary interpretation revealed that among the diverse factors examined, education levels, income diversification, and family health have the strongest impacts on poverty. This deeper understanding of the intersecting factors in poverty informs the prioritisation and development of more effective, One Health approaches to poverty alleviation.
Thermal capacities and polytropic processes
Authors: Anacleto Joaquim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Herein, we analyse polytropic processes for an ideal gas within the wider concept of thermal capacity. To answer the question of whether the thermal capacity is a process, path, or state function, we argue that it should be tentatively set as a path function and if it remains constant along the path, the corresponding process is polytropic. Of all the paths, there are only two—at constant volume and constant pressure—for which the thermal capacities—

C

V

and

C

P

—are state functions, i.e. system properties. The discussions herein are valuable both scientifically and instructively because they shed light on issues in undergraduate curricula that are not addressed in sufficient detail in physics textbooks, not even in the most advanced ones.
Study on Directivity of Underwater Circular Transducer Array
Authors: Zhao Xie , He Panpan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
At present, in the detection and identification of underwater noise sources, one of the most commonly used transducer arrays is the circumferential transducer array. The circumferential transducer array is symmetrical in space and has high withstand voltage capability and small sound pressure fluctuation in the horizontal beam. Its directivity is an important index that affects the performance of the array. This paper focuses on the directivity maps of circular arrays with different sizes and numbers of elements. From the graph, it is concluded that the undulation of the directivity graph of the circular array is directly related to the array element spacing. The smaller the array element spacing is, the smaller the undulation is, and vice versa. The directivity formula and law can provide technical guidance for the design of a uniform circular transducer array.
Design of the Composite Fractal Embedded Slot Monopole Antenna
Authors: Zheng Meijie , Lin Bin , Wen Shuyao , Wang Xingye , Huang Qianyi , Wang Qiyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the rectangular nested fractal and Cantor fractal slot are skillfully fused together, and the composite fractal embedded slot radiation structure is creatively designed. It combines the microstrip monopole antenna of high radiation intensity and excellent directional radiation capability with the microstrip Balun feed structure of wide frequency range and step-by-step impedance matching capability to design composite fractal embedded slot monopole antenna that can meet the performance requirements of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. Actual test results show that the antenna has the advantages of both a high-performance redundant antenna and a directional radiation antenna and can completely cover the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System working for the frequency band. It is a high-performance satellite positioning antenna with strong application potential.
Influence of Key Process Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Yu Wanbo , Sun Tao , Ma Zhenlai , Shi Zhenyi , Shu Peng , Yao Yuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The low-noise operation of ships will be affected by the vibration of centrifugal pumps, which are widely implemented in vessels. Available papers mainly focused on the structural optimization of pump components with less concentration on their assembly process, which include coaxiality, circle-runout and clearance fit, etc. The clearance between the impeller and wear ring, which is named wear-ring clearance, is influenced by the manufacturing and assembly process and has an impact on vibration. An investigation of the influence of key process parameters on the vibration characteristics of the pump based on wear-ring clearance is presented. A numerical model of the internal flow field of the pump is presented. The dynamic behavior in the frequency domain is obtained for fluid-solid interaction. The vibration is found to be more pronounced at some frequencies. A closed-loop dimensional chain system is constructed targeting the wear-ring clearance, and the circle-runout and coaxiality of some parts are found to have a prominent influence on it. A relationship between the key process parameters of the pump and vibration characteristics is established.
Leakage Analysis of Steam Condensate Pipe Elbow
Authors: Si Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The cause of leakage of a steam condensate pipe elbow has been carried out by means of chemical composition analysis, fracture surface analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the inner wall of the pipe at the socket welding of the downstream pipe elbow of the steam trap is not enough smooth, and the inner diameter suddenly changes, resulting in a sudden increase in the flow velocity, which increases the erosion-corrosion rate of the pipe wall, and finally leads to the elbow leakage.
Structural Design and Analysis of a Bionic Metacellular Robot Chassis
Authors: Yang Peijie , Yang Jian , Yang Jiaxin , Liu Li , Peng Yujie , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Bei , Nie Xuan , Tian Yingyu , Sang Ziyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of lack of stability, poor adaptability, and weak load capacity of existing robots in complex environments. The corresponding adaptation methods are proposed through the analysis of various harsh environments in nature, and statistics are made. On this basis, a new type of metamorphic structure based on metamorphic theory and bionics principle is proposed, and the relevant mechanical structure of the chassis of the metamorphic robot is designed; The mechanical system and motion are designed, optimized, and analyzed by using Solidworks and MATLAB joint simulation platform; The motion planning and kinematics simulation of the bionic metamorphic robot chassis are carried out through ADAMS software; Stress simulation of loaded parts is carried out based on ANSYS. The results show that the design size and motion planning are reasonable and meet the bionic metamorphic robot chassis requirements for working environment and grasping operation.
Numerical Simulation Research and Implementation of Neutral Beam Injector Beam Power Based on a Gaussian Beam Model with the Uniform Emitting Surface
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liang Lizhen , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nuclear fusion is one of the most effective methods to solve future energy problems. In this field, Tokamak is a machine that confines a plasma using magnetism, and the way of neutral beam injection (NBI) is considered one of the most effective auxiliary heating methods for it. The necessary numerical simulation of the NBI system will provide scientific data guidance for the safe and effective operation of the experiment. More importantly, the high-energy particles produced by the neutral beam injector could cause severe damage to the Tokamak device and injector itself. Based on the above requirements, the transmission characteristics of the neutral beam are analyzed, and a calculation mode of the beam intensity is studied in this paper. Moreover, the energy deposition of the beam power is simulated by the C++ program platform, and the beam intensity is visualized. After testing, the stability of the program is demonstrated, and the data obtained from the experiment provide the necessary support for setting the parameters in the neutral beam injector. Meanwhile, the simulations of power deposition at different locations provide indispensable references for subsequent improvements in the design of the neutral beam injector.
Analysis and Control of Precision Machining Error for Spatial Angle Parts of Remote-Sensing Camera
Authors: Chang Jiang , Tu Qihui , Zhang Zhigang , Chen Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low machining accuracy of remote-sensing camera parts with spatial angle, this study analyzed the causes from human, machine, material, method, environment, and measurement, and proposed an experimental analysis method based on the spatial rotation of machine tool spindle according to the linkage machining function of the five-axis machining center. The cutting experiment was carried out through the self-built benchmark of the machine tool, and the machining errors of the machine tool spindle with different spatial angles were studied. The precision machining of the parts with spatial angles was realized by taking measures such as machine tool correction and numerical control program compensation. The experiment proved that this method is feasible and effective.
Noncontact Vibration and Deformation Detection based on Low Complexity CW Radar
Authors: Wang Chao , Bai Kaixi , Li Wenqi , Shi Jinpeng , Chang Wuliang , Zhang Weixing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A low-cost and high-precision CW radar system is proposed for non-contact detection of the target’s tiny vibration. The radar system can obtain the vibration frequency and amplitude of the target by extracting the phase change of the reflected signal caused by the target’s vibrations. The proposed radar system uses a combination of the phase shifter and the hardware-based phase comparator, which has the advantages of high detection accuracy and low system complexity. Besides, the combination establishes a linear relationship between the phase change caused by vibration and the output signal of the phase comparator, providing the system with the ability to detect the vibration amplitude. Experimental validations show that the radar system can accurately detect the vibration frequency and amplitude of the loudspeaker and monitor human respiration in real-time at a distance of 2 m. For the amplitude experimental, the absolute error of the vibration amplitude measured by the radar system within 30 cm is less than 0.1 mm.
Optimal Configuration of Distribution Network Wideband Measurement Unit Considering Wideband Measurement
Authors: Qin Jianhua , Wang Jiangnan , Dong Zhenfeng , Lu Wei , Zhang Jiangbo , Ma Huancheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the large-scale integration of distributed generation (DG) and the increase in interaction with users, a large amount of wide-band information other than power frequency has been introduced into the distribution networks. The synchronous wide-band measurement is an important means to improve the situational awareness ability of the distribution network operation, hence, its optimization configuration has received more and more attention. To achieve the full observability of the network with the least measurement devices and achieve the goal of more accurate wide-band state estimation, this paper proposes a deployment method considering the wide-band information and the topology observability. Under the premise of ensuring that the network is completely observable, by comprehensively considering the redundancy of measurement and the conditioning number of the measurement matrix as well as the attenuation characteristics of the wide-band signal, the observability of the nodes considering wide-band information is re-determined and the topology matrix is modified. Simulation and analysis are carried out in the IEEE34 node distribution network system to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Portable In-Car Formaldehyde Detector Based on Fully Integrated Gas Sensor
Authors: Ma Yexuan , Liu Huimin , Guo Ying , Li Kun , Li Zhenghu , Ning Feifan , Feng Jiangchuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A portable formaldehyde detector is designed for the detection of formaldehyde gas in the automobile. By using the gas sensor module to detect the change of the formaldehyde concentration in the air environment of the car, the current data change caused by the formaldehyde gas is processed by the single chip microcomputer to determine the formaldehyde concentration, combined with the communication protocols such as integrated circuit bus, display the results on the screen. The results of the laboratory test and in-car test show that the function of formaldehyde detection is accurate, reliable and easy to use.
Behavioral Modeling and Circuit Design of High Precision Low Power Dynamic Zoom ADC
Authors: Yuan Meng , Jian Mingchao , Zheng Jiwei , Guo Chunbing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a high-precision, energy-saving dynamic zoom ADC consisting of a 6-bit SAR ADC and a second-level Σ − ∆ modulator (SDM) is proposed. Non-ideal factors, including slew rate (SR), limited bandwidth and DC gain of the op-amp, and kT/C noise, mismatch of DAC capacitors, are analyzed with a behavioral model in Simulink to guide actual circuit design more accurately. The ADC parameters are adjusted and optimized by model simulation. Because the DAC capacitors mismatch produces harmonic distortion, the DWA technique is used. A new digital combined circuit is proposed to minimize power consumption. To further improve its energy efficiency, a gain enhancement current mirror OTA is designed and the SAR ADC adopts upper plate sampling technique. The layout of zoom ADC occupies 0.856 mm2 in 65 nm techniques. It achieves 109.2 dB SNDR, 17.84 bits ENOB at 1 kHz signal bandwidth and consumes only 0.233 mW.
Partial Discharge Data Augmentation and Pattern Recognition for Unbalanced and Small Sample Scenarios
Authors: Dong Chi , Pang Xianhai , Lu Shijie , Zhao Jinjian , Liu Zhaochen , Xie Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To improve the accuracy of partial discharge pattern recognition under unbalanced and small sample conditions, a method of partial discharge data augmentation and pattern recognition using the generative adversarial network embedded deep auto-encoder (DAE-GAN) is proposed. First, deep Auto-encoder (DAE) is embedded into a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and DAE is used to guide the generation process to improve the authenticity of generated samples. Second, complement samples of PD samples are added to the training process of the Generative Adversarial Network to solve the problem of small PD samples. Finally, extended equalization training samples are used to fine-tune the discriminator of the model to realize PD pattern recognition. DAE-GAN is used for data augmentation and pattern recognition of partial discharge experimental signals. The results show that, compared with other algorithms, the authenticity and probability distribution fitting accuracy of partial discharge samples generated by DAE-GAN are higher and the accuracy of partial discharge recognition is improved by 8.24% after data augmentation.
Design Analysis of Flap Slat Control Computer
Authors: Ma Yuan , Cai Xuemei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The design of high safety and reliability slat flap control computer (SFCC) has become the main objective of flight control development. Firstly, the design requirements proposed. Secondly, the design of foreign advanced civil aircraft flap slat computers is summarized. Based on one type of aircraft SFCC design, the operation mode, redundancy management, synchronization, and monitoring design of the SFCC are analyzed in detail, and a design scheme of civil aircraft SFCC, which meets the requirements of safety and reliability, is proposed. Based on SFC real-time test environment, the SFCC design logic is verified. Taking the design and test of the flap motor direction error monitoring as an example, the test results show that the scheme design is reasonable and feasible, and the reliability of the flap slat computer is effectively improved.
Control and Study of the Three-Phase Three-Level Dual Active Bridge DC Converter
Authors: Hu Jinxuan , Yao Gang , Zhou Lidan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Multilevel DAB converters can share more effectively the reverse voltage compared to conventional dual active full-bridge converters, reducing the cost of switching tubes at the same power and voltage levels. At the same time, the increased control freedom of multilevel makes the control objectives more flexible, combining optimization objectives such as soft switching and inductor current reduction. In this paper, we propose a three-phase three-level dual active converter, based on the power transfer characteristics of dual phase shift control in the time domain, deriving the effect of inductor current with phase shift angle and variable voltage ratio, and determining the conditions for the switching tubes to work in soft switching, which effectively reduces the DC bus current fluctuation. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.
Research on In-phase Signal Combining Method for Improving Phase Noise
Authors: Liang Chong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In high-precision system design, the realization of target precision is often limited by the design of the frequency source. In the design and testing of frequency sources, phase noise is often listed as an assessment item that can characterize the performance of frequency sources. Due to the current design and manufacturing level of devices and circuits, it is difficult for conventional methods to get a significant improvement in the phase noise index. This paper explains the concept, source and characteristics of phase noise. According to the different combining characteristics of the main signal and the phase noise, an in-phase signal combining method is proposed to improve the phase noise index. Multiple S-band frequency sources were used to build the verification platform. This platform is used to verify the improvement of the in-phase signal combining method in phase noise index. Finally, this paper presents the difficulties and methods of in-phase signal combining in practical design and applications.
Research on Relay Network Method of Aerial Platform
Authors: Xu DongHui , He JingYuan , Bian Qiang , Liu SiYi , Liu JiangLiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As a regional wireless communication means, a wireless broadband communication system mainly provides communication services for mountainous areas with imperfect infrastructure construction. When the system provides communication services in mountainous areas, the vehicle-mounted base stations encounter obstacles to block communication, which causes the problem of non-cascade communication. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm based on the adaptive change of crossover and mutation probability is proposed to formulate the air platform relay network planning scheme. The simulation results show that the crossover and mutation probabilities of the adaptive improved genetic algorithm change with the iteration of the algorithm, which improves the search ability of the algorithm and prevents it from falling into the local optimal solution.
Comparative analysis of the residues of granular support bath materials on printed structures in embedded extrusion printing
Authors: Zeng Jinfeng , Kasahara Nozomi , Xie Zhengtian , Louis Fiona , Kang Donghee , Dekishima Yasumasa , Kuwagaki Setsuka , Sakai Norihito , Matsusaki Michiya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Embedded extrusion printing facilitates the fabrication of complex biological structures using soft hydrogels that are challenging to construct using conventional manufacturing methods. While this targeting strategy is appealing, the residues of support materials on the printed objects have been overlooked. Here, we quantitatively compare the bath residues on fibrin gel fibers printed in granular gel baths that are conjugated with fluorescent probes for visualization, including physically crosslinked gellan gum (GG) and gelatin (GEL) baths and chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol baths. Notably, all support materials can be detected on a microscopic scale, even on structures without any visible residues. Quantitative results indicate that baths with smaller size or lower shear viscosity show more and deeper diffusion into the extruded inks, and the removal efficiency of support materials depends mainly on the dissolving property of the granular gel baths. The residual amount of chemically cross-linked support materials on fibrin gel fibers is 28–70 μg mm−2, which is tens of times higher than physically cross-linked GG (7.5 μg mm−2) and GEL (0.3 μg mm−2) baths. Meanwhile, cross-sectional images suggest that most gel particles are distributed around the fiber surface, but a small amount is in the fiber center. Such bath residues or the blank pores created by the removal of gel particles induce changes in product surface morphology, physicochemical and mechanical properties, impeding cell adhesion. This study will draw attention to the effects of residual support materials on printed structures and encourage the development of new strategies to diminish these residues or to take advantage of the residual support baths to improve product performances.