bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Bandage Splint Constructs in an Ex Vivo Equine Metacarpal Fracture Model
Authors: Granello M. E. , Weatherall K. M. , Lutter J. D. , Beard W. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the deflection distance, deflection angle and pre-loading sub-bandage pressure of a transverse, mid-metacarpal fracture in an equine cadaver limb when loaded in bending while stabilized with either a Robert Jones Bandage (RJB) or a single-stack bandage (SS), each containing two orthogonal splints.
Study Design In an ex vivo experimental study, forelimb pairs from eight horses were collected, and one forelimb from each pair was assigned to either the SS or RJB groups. A transverse osteotomy was performed at the midpoint of the metacarpus. After bandaging, the limbs were loaded in bending. Pre-loading sub-bandage pressure, pre- and post-loading radiographs and post-loading deflection distance measurements were taken. Dorsopalmar radiographs were used to measure the loaded deflection angle.
Results There was no significant difference between RJB and SS constructs in change in deflection angle (10.7 ± 3.0 degrees vs. 9.8 ± 2.6 degrees; p = 0.5) or deflection distance (13.1 ± 2.6 cm vs. 11.4 ± 3.1 cm; p = 0.2). Sub-bandage pressures were significantly greater for the SS than the RJB both dorsally and laterally.
Conclusion The SS splint construct resists bending forces similarly to the RJB splint construct in an ex vivo transverse, metacarpal fracture model. The SS splint construct may be a useful alternative to the RJB splint construct in field situations for metacarpal fracture stabilization.
Sport specialization in Swedish football players: Investigating a model of antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Söderström Tor , Garn Alex C. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTDrawing on data from the present and former football players (N = 1026) selected to a national football talent programme at the age of 15, this study explores a model of sport specialisation. We examined three specific aspects of sport specialisation including early football specialisation, participation in youth elite football training environments (i.e. academies) and enrolment in upper secondary football specialisation schools. Antecedents of these sport specialisation factors included gender (i.e. sociocultural), grit (i.e. personality) and perceptions of family finances (i.e. social). Outcomes focused on adult football participation at the age of 21 including elite skill acquisition (i.e. playing elite football) and personal development (i.e. participation in non‐elite football). Findings revealed that females were less likely to gain access to elite football training or school specialisation environments. There was also a positive association between grit and participation in elite training environments. In terms of outcomes, players, who got trained in elite training environments during adolescence, were twice as likely to play elite football at the age of 21, while those who attended football specialisation schools were more likely to participate in non‐elite football at the age of 21. Early specialisation was not associated with either adult participation outcome. This is one of the few studies to date addressing diverse antecedents and outcomes of sport specialisation factors. Understanding how sport specialisation practices relate to future skill acquisition and personal development can provide guidance for maximising the benefits of youth sport programming.
A Retinex-based variational model for noise suppression and nonuniform illumination correction in corneal confocal microscopy images
Authors: Han Rui , Tang Chen , Xu Min , Lei Zhenkun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) image analysis is a non-invasive in vivo clinical technique that can quantify corneal nerve fiber damage. However, the acquired CCM images are often accompanied by speckle noise and nonuniform illumination, which seriously affects the analysis and diagnosis of the diseases. Approach. In this paper, first we propose a variational Retinex model for the inhomogeneity correction and noise removal of CCM images. In this model, the Beppo Levi space is introduced to constrain the smoothness of the illumination layer for the first time, and the fractional order differential is adopted as the regularization term to constrain reflectance layer. Then, a denoising regularization term is also constructed with Block Matching 3D (BM3D) to suppress noise. Finally, by adjusting the uneven illumination layer, we obtain the final results. Second, an image quality evaluation metric is proposed to evaluate the illumination uniformity of images objectively. Main results. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, the proposed method is tested on 628 low-quality CCM images from the CORN-2 dataset. Extensive experiments show the proposed method outperforms the other four related methods in terms of noise removal and uneven illumination suppression. Significance This demonstrates that the proposed method may be helpful for the diagnostics and analysis of eye diseases.
Tuning of band gap by anions (Cl, Br, I) of double perovskites Rb2AgAsX6 (Cl, Br, I) for solar cells and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Nazir Ghazanfar , Mahmood Q , Hassan M , AL-Anazy Murefah Mana , Kattan Nessrin A , Sfina N , Amin Mohammed A , Mera Abeer , Somaily H H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The high stability, lead free, environment friendly and excellent performance of double perovskites make them emerging materials for solar cells and thermoelectric generators. Therefore, here optical, electronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of Rb2AgAsX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) are studied comprehensively by first principle approach. The thermodynamic stability is ensured through formation energy and structural stability by calculating tolerance factor. The studied DPs band gaps are tuned from 2.21 eV to 1.50 eV, and 0.52 eV by the replacing the anions (Cl to Br, and I). The absorption regions from varies from infrared to visible regions which increase their significance for diverse applications in optoelectronics. The broad absorption band of Rb2AgAsI6 in visible region is important for solar cells. Furthermore, the thermoelectric performance has been elaborated by power factor and figure of merit. The ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, and large Seebeck coefficient also increase the figure of merit to realize them for thermoelectric applications.
Magnetocaloric effect and tunable phase transition exponents of SrRuO 3/mica heterostructure with varied mechanical bending
Authors: Wang Jing , Fan Jiyu , Liu Fengguang , Zu Lin , Zheng Huan , Liu Hao , Ma Chunlan , Wang Caixia , Hu Dazhi , Zhu Yan , Yang Hao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Exploitation and enhancement of the mechanical strain to modulate the magnetic properties are crucial for developing conformal wearable magnetic-electronic devices. However, the mechanical strain how to regulate the magnetic properties remains unclear for flexible thin film. Here, (111)-oriented SrRuO3 thin films are epitaxially grown on flexible mica substrates, and the influence of the mechanical bending on magnetic properties is studying by altering the curvature of the SrRuO3/BaTiO3/Mica heterostructure. The results show that the phase transition temperature does not reveal a significant dependence on both of convex and concave bending but they play a contrary role on the magnetic entropy change. Namely, the tensile stress (convex) increases the magnetic entropy change while the compressive stress (concave) decreases it. Moreover, based on the scale analysis method, we find that both bending states are directly correlated with the change of critical phase transition behavior. We think that the variation of domain wall configuration due to mechanical bending is the main reason for the change of magnetic properties. This study therefore not only identifies a strong magnetic property correlation in the mechanical strain, but also offers an avenue to improve flexible electronic devices with optimized performance.
Analyzing planar galactic halo distributions with fuzzy/cold dark matter models
Authors: Park Sangnam , Bak Dongsu , Lee Jae-Weon , Park Inkyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We perform a numerical comparison between the fuzzy dark matter model
and the cold dark matter model, focusing on
formation of satellite galaxy planes around massive galaxies.
Such galactic dynamics with controlled initial subhalo configurations are
investigated
using GADGET2 for the cold dark matter and PyUltraLight for the fuzzy dark matter,
respectively.
We demonstrate that satellite galaxies in the fuzzy dark matter side have a tendency
to form more flattened and corotating satellite systems than in the cold dark matter side mainly due to the dissipation by
the gravitational cooling effect of the fuzzy dark matter.
Our simulations
with the fuzzy dark matter typically show
the minor-to-major axis ratio c/a
of the satellite galaxy planes to be 0.21 ∼ 0.30; this well matches the current observed value for the Milky Way.
Optimization of the gain chip for optically pumped semiconductor disk lasers
Authors: Hua Ling-Ling , Zhuang Bi-Hui , Mao Lin , Tian Jin-Rong , Song Yan-Rong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Strain-compensated quantum wells (QWs) could greatly improve the performance of semiconductor disk lasers, such as improving the epitaxy quality of the semiconductor gain chip and obtaining a higher gain. To optimize the output characteristics of the semiconductor gain chip, the strain-compensated thickness, well depth, band energy, emission wavelength, and peak gain versus In and P compositions are investigated in detail. The results show that increasing the P composition of the strain-compensated layer will slightly reduce the emission wavelength, deepen the well depth, and increase the peak gain. But the P composition is not the higher the better. When designing a gain chip, it should have a pre-offset between the emission wavelength of the QWs at room temperature and the target wavelength of the laser at an intense pump, and the pre-offset values of the wavelength should be designed deliberately to guarantee the resonant periodic gain structure working normally when the temperature in the active region approaches the desired value. This theoretical investigation may provide guidance for optimizing the laser performance of semiconductor disk lasers and other QW lasers.
Research on eigenstate current control technology of Flash-based FPGA
Authors: Shan Yueer , Cao Zhengzhou , Liu Guozhu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To solve the Flash-based FPGA in the manufacturing process, the ion implantation process will bring electrons into the floating gate of the P-channel Flash cell so that the Flash switch is in a weak conduction state, resulting in the Flash-based FPGA eigenstate current problem. In this paper, the mechanism of its generation is analyzed, and four methods are used including ultraviolet light erasing, high-temperature baking, X-ray irradiation, and circuit logic control. A comparison of these four methods can identify the circuit design by using circuit logic to control the path of the power supply that is the most suitable and reliable method to solve the Flash-based FPGA eigenstate current problem. By this method, the power-on current of 3.5 million Flash-based FPGA can be reduced to less than 0.3 A, and the chip can start normally. The function and performance of the chip can then be further tested and evaluated, which is one of the key technologies for developing Flash-based FPGA.
A 4H-SiC semi-super-junction shielded trench MOSFET: p-pillar is grounded to optimize the electric field characteristics
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Shen Zhanwei , Zhang Guoliang , Miao Yuyang , Li Tiange , Zhu Xiaogang , Cai Jiafa , Hong Rongdun , Chen Xiaping , Lin Dingqu , Wu Shaoxiong , Zhang Yuning , Fu Deyi , Wu Zhengyun , Zhang Feng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A 4H-SiC trench gate metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (UMOSFET) with semi-super-junction shielded structure (SS-UMOS) is proposed and compared with conventional trench MOSFET (CT-UMOS) in this work. The advantage of the proposed structure is given by comprehensive study of the mechanism of the local semi-super-junction structure at the bottom of the trench MOSFET. In particular, the influence of the bias condition of the p-pillar at the bottom of the trench on the static and dynamic performances of the device is compared and revealed. The on-resistance of SS-UMOS with grounded (G) and ungrounded (NG) p-pillar is reduced by 52% (G) and 71% (NG) compared to CT-UMOS, respectively. Additionally, gate oxide in the GSS-UMOS is fully protected by the p-shield layer as well as semi-super-junction structure under the trench and p-base regions. Thus, a reduced electric-field of 2 MV/cm can be achieved at the corner of the p-shield layer. However, the quasi-intrinsic protective layer cannot be formed in NGSS-UMOS due to the charge storage effect in the floating p-pillar, resulting in a large electric field of 2.7 MV/cm at the gate oxide layer. Moreover, the total switching loss of GSS-UMOS is 1.95 mJ/cm2 and is reduced by 18% compared with CT-UMOS. On the contrary, the NGSS-UMOS has the slowest overall switching speed due to the weakened shielding effect of the p-pillar and the largest gate-to-drain capacitance among the three. The proposed GSS-UMOS plays an important role in high-voltage and high-frequency applications, and will provide a valuable idea for device design and circuit applications.
GaAs radiation-degraded detectors: gamma spectrometry at lowered temperatures
Authors: Sagatova A. , Gal N. , Novak A. , Kotorova S. , Riabukhin O. , Kovacova E. , Zatko B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The GaAs detectors are radiation hard against a few MGy of high-energy (MeV) electrons. The main reason for detector functionality degradation is the reduction of their charge collection efficiency and together with reverse current increase these facts cause the drop of the signal to noise ratio down to close to 1, disabling detector functionality. In this paper, the lowering of detector temperature has improved the spectra of less ionizing particles, the 59.5 keV gamma rays, measured by semi-insulating GaAs pad detectors, which were first degraded by 8 MeV electrons with a dose of 200 kGy. The signal to noise ratio improved by about 30%, from 1.09 at room temperature up to 1.42 at 276 K. The photo-peak was easily distinguishable from the noise during cooling and the calculated detector relative energy resolution improved from 46% at room temperature to 34% at 276 K. A mild decrease in detector charge collection efficiency was observed, by about 5% of its initial value, when cooling the detector to 276 K.
Study of gain, noise, and collection efficiency of GaAs SAM-APDs single pixel
Authors: Colja M. , Cautero M. , Menk R.H. , Palestri P. , Gianoncelli A. , Antonelli M. , Biasiol G. , Zilio S.D. , Steinhartova T. , Nichetti C. , Arfelli F. , De Angelis D. , Driussi F. , Bonanni V. , Pilotto A. , Gariani G. , Carrato S. , Cautero G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
III-V-compound semiconductors offer many advantages over silicon-based technologies traditionally used in solid-state photodetectors, especially in hard X-ray applications that require high detection efficiency and short response times. Amongst them, gallium arsenide (GaAs) has very promising characteristics in terms of X-ray absorption and high carrier velocity. Furthermore, implementing charge-multiplication mechanisms within the sensor may become of critical importance in cases where the photogenerated signal needs an intrinsic amplification before being acquired by the front-end electronics. This work reports on the experimental characterization by means of lasers and synchrotron radiation of gain, noise, and charge collection efficiencies of GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs), realized by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), featuring separate absorption and multiplication regions (SAM) and different absorption region thicknesses. These devices have been fabricated to investigate the role of the thickness of the absorption region and of possible traps or defects at the metal-semiconductor interfaces in the collection efficiency in order to lay the groundwork for the future development of thicker GaAs devices for detection of hard X-rays.
Precise measurement of the Bragg curve for 800 MeV/u 238U
ions stopping in polyethylene and its implications for calculation of heavy ion ranges
Authors: Horst Felix , Ferrari Alfredo , Sala Paola , Schuy Christoph , Durante Marco , Weber Uli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Stopping power predictions in radiation transport codes are based on the Bethe-Bloch
formula and different corrections. For very heavy ions at relativistic energies the available
experimental data are scarce and therefore verification of stopping power predictions is only
possible to a limited extent.
In this work, a full experimental Bragg curve for
800 MeV/u 238U ions stopping in polyethylene is presented. The
measurements were conducted at the experimental area Cave A at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für
Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The 800 MeV/u 238U beam was
provided by the SIS18 heavy ion synchrotron. The Bragg curve was measured with a setup consisting
of a binary range shifter and two large area parallel plate ionization chambers. Complementary
Monte Carlo simulations using the FLUKA code were performed and compared with the experimental
Bragg curve. The mean ionization potential of polyethylene was fine-tuned to match the measured
primary ion range with FLUKA simulations. The impact of the Bloch and Mott corrections to the
stopping power calculation were studied by switching them off intentionally in separate
simulations. A detailed description of the implementation of the stopping power formulae and the
Mott correction in FLUKA is provided.
Supplementary data for this article is available online.
Electro-purification studies and first measurement of relative permittivity of TMBi
Authors: Peters S. , Gerke B. , Hannen V. , Huhmann C. , Marquardt N. , Schäfers K. , Yvon D. , Sharyy V. , Weinheimer C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new type of detector for positron-emission tomography (PET) has been proposed recently, using a heavy organo-metallic liquid — TriMethyl Bismuth (TMBi) — as target material. TMBi is a transparent liquid with the high Z element Bismuth contributing 82% of its mass. 511keV annihilation photons are converted efficiently into photo-electrons within the detector material producing both Cherenkov light and free charge carriers in the liquid. While the optical component enables a fast timing, a charge readout using a segmented anode can provide an accurate position reconstruction and energy determination. The charge measurement requires a high level of purification, as any electronegative contaminants cause signal degradation. In addition to the purity requirements, the reactive nature of TMBi poses many challenges that need to be met until a fully functioning detector for PET applications can be realized. The paper presents an experimental setup that aims to remove electronegative impurities by electrostatic filtering and to characterise the properties of TMBi, e.g. the relative permittivity, for its application as a detector medium for charge read out.
Design, optimization and experimental characterization of RF injectors for high brightness electron beams and plasma acceleration
Authors: Shpakov V. , Alesini D. , Anania M.P. , Behtouei M. , Buonomo B. , Bellaveglia M. , Biagioni A. , Cardelli F. , Carillo M. , Chiadroni E. , Cianchi A. , Costa G. , Del Giorno M. , Faillace L. , Ferrario M. , Del Franco M. , Franzini G. , Galletti M. , Giannessi L. , Giribono A. , Liedl A. , Lollo V. , Mostacci A. , Di Pirro G. , Piersanti L. , Pompili R. , Di Raddo G. , Romeo S. , Silvi G.J. , Stella A. , Vaccarezza C. , Villa F. , Vannozzi A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, we share our experience related to the new photo-injector commissioning at the SPARC_LAB test facility.
The new photo-injector was installed into an existing machine and our goal was not only to improve the final beam parameters themselves but to improve the machine handling in day-to-day operations as well. Thus, besides the pure beam characterization, this article contains information about the improvements, that were introduced into the new photo-injector design from the machine maintenance point of view, and the benefits, that we gained by using the new technique to assemble the gun itself.
Deep learning for track recognition in pixel and strip-based particle detectors
Authors: Bakina O. , Baranov D. , Denisenko I. , Goncharov P. , Nechaevskiy A. , Nefedov Y. , Nikolskaya A. , Ososkov G. , Rusov D. , Shchavelev E. , Sun S.S. , Wang L.L. , Zhang Y. , Zhemchugov A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The reconstruction of charged particle trajectories in tracking detectors is a key problem in the analysis of experimental data for high-energy and nuclear physics. The amount of data in modern experiments is so large that classical tracking methods, such as the Kalman filter, cannot process them fast enough. To solve this problem, we developed two neural network algorithms based on deep learning architectures for track recognition in pixel and strip-based particle detectors. These are TrackNETv3 for local (track by track) and RDGraphNet for global (all tracks in an event) tracking. These algorithms were tested using the GEM tracker of the BM@N experiment at JINR (Dubna) and the cylindrical GEM inner tracker of the BESIII experiment at IHEP CAS (Beijing). The RDGraphNet model, based on a reverse directed graph, showed encouraging results: 95% recall and 74% precision for track finding. The TrackNETv3 model demonstrated a recall value of 95% and 76% precision. This result can be improved after further model optimization.