bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Evaluating United States Medical School Curricula in Otolaryngology
Authors: Ryll Lucia S. , Pellegrini William R. , Richards Phillip Q. , Zhou Maya T. , Newlands Shawn D. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: With an ever-expanding medical knowledge base and requirements for clinical training, medical schools struggle to incorporate subspecialty education, such as otolaryngology (OTO), into curricula. This study aims to assess the current state of OTO education, and evaluate factors contributing to the extent of OTO teaching in United States (U.S.) medical schools. Methods: A 48-question survey evaluated the extent and practices of OTO teaching. The survey was distributed by email to all 155 LCME accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools in 2020 and 2021. Results: Sixty-eight unique responses were received (43.9% of U.S. allopathic medical schools). 36.8% (n = 25) of schools reported having formal expectations of OTO knowledge in their core curriculum. Only 1 school (1.5%) had a required OTO rotation; the majority of schools offered an optional third or fourth year clerkship rotation (76.5% and 95.6%, respectively). Schools with residency programs and who employ their faculty through an OTO or surgery department were more likely to have otolaryngologists teach basic science lectures and the Head & Neck exam, offer an optional third year rotation, and have formal expectations of rotating students. Conclusions: Medical schools with residency programs and who employ their faculty through an OTO or surgery department have more robust OTO curricula. Despite the ubiquity of OTO presentations across specialties, incorporation of OTO knowledge in U.S. medical school curricula remains variable, and at times limited.
The effect of MWCNTs on the properties of peroxide vulcanized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites
Authors: Ketikis P , Ketikis I , Klonos PA , Giannakopoulou T , Kyritsis A , Trapalis C , Tarantili PA 
Published: April 2023

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated in EPDM matrix in an internal mixer. Characterization of the prepared MWCNTs/EPDM composites using RAMAN spectroscopy reveals a minor deterioration of the CNTs’ structure, in terms of intensities ratio of D and G bands (ID/IG ratio), probably due to the intensive mixing conditions of internal mixer. The thermal stability of MWCNTs/EPDM composites was improved, as it was observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) remained almost unaffected. In addition, MWCNTs/EPDM composites showed significant improvement in their modulus of elasticity and a decrease in swelling after immersion in benzene, in comparison with the pristine elastomer. The study of dielectric properties for MWCNT’s/EPDM nanocomposites determined the percolation threshold between 2 and 3 phr MWCNTs content. Enhancement in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of MWCNTs/EPDM composites was also recorded by the increase of filler content in the elastomeric matrix, with the reflectance being the main shielding mechanism. A slight increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity was observed at EPDM composites with low MWCNTs content (1–5 phr) which became more significant at higher loads (8 & 10 phr).
Chilean Exiles at El Sueño Existe: Liminality and Communitas in a Commemorative Space
Authors: Rivera Ignacio 
Published: April 2023

Examination of the experience of a group of Chilean exiles participating in El Sueño Existe, a contemporary Welsh festival inspired by the work of the Chilean artist Víctor Jara, suggests that by allowing Chileans to observe and experience social, material, and symbolic dynamics that suspend certain norms of everyday life, the festival helps them to construct a symbolic bridge between the past and the present, between “them” and “us,” and to formulate a critique of certain political power structures. Una examinación de la experiencia de un grupo de exiliados chilenos que participan en El Sueño Existe, un festival galés contemporáneo inspirado en la obra del artista chileno Víctor Jara, sugiere que al permitir a los chilenos observar y experimentar dinámicas sociales, materiales y simbólicas que suspenden ciertas normas de la vida cotidiana, dicho festival les ayuda a construir un puente simbólico entre el pasado y el presente, entre “ellos” y “nosotros”, y formular una crítica de ciertas estructuras de poder político.
Greater average levels of relatedness need fulfilment across daily and monthly life predict lower attachment insecurities across time
Authors: Girme Yuthika U. , Overall Nickola C. 
Published: April 2023

Attachment insecurity is characterized by chronic concerns about whether partners can fulfil core relatedness needs, including feeling loved and cared about. In two longitudinal studies, our aim was to extend current evidence that certain relationship conditions buffer attachment insecurity by (1) focusing on the central ingredient—fulfilment of relatedness needs—that likely account for buffering effects, and (2) illustrate the importance of general experiences of relatedness need fulfilment across couples’ lives. Couple members completed initial assessments of attachment insecurity, reported on the fulfilment of relatedness needs every month for 6 months (Study 1) or daily for 3 weeks (Study 2), and then completed re-assessments of attachment insecurity 6-months (Study 1) or 9-months (Study 2) later. Across both studies, greater fulfilment of relatedness needs across monthly and daily relationship life predicted decreases in attachment anxiety and avoidance. General experiences of relatedness across couples’ lives appear to reflect a relationship environment that fulfils core needs for love, care, and regard that cultivate attachment security.
A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of ketamine’s anxiolytic effects
Authors: Hartland Hannah , Mahdavi Kimia , Jelen Luke A , Strawbridge Rebecca , Young Allan H , Alexander Laith 
Published: April 2023

Background: Ketamine may be effective in treating symptoms of anxiety, but the time profile of ketamine’s anxiolytic effect is ill-defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the anxiolytic effect of ketamine at different time points across a range of clinical settings. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to capture randomised control trials measuring the anxiolytic effects of ketamine in contexts including mood disorders, anxiety disorders and chronic pain. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. The correlations between (1) improvements in mean anxiety and depression scores, and (2) peak dissociation and improvements in mean anxiety scores were also assessed. Results: In all, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was high in 11 studies. Ketamine significantly reduced anxiety scores compared to placebo at acute (<12 h; standard mean difference (SMD): −1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−1.89, −0.44], p < 0.01), subacute (24 h; SMD: −0.44, 95% CI [−0.65, −0.22], p < 0.01) and sustained (7–14 days; SMD: −0.40, 95% CI [−0.63, −0.17], p < 0.01) time points. Exploratory analyses revealed improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms correlated at both subacute ( R2 = 0.621, p = 0.035) and sustained time points ( R2 = 0.773, p = 0.021). The relationship between peak dissociation and improvement in anxiety was not significant. Conclusions: Ketamine appears to offer rapid and sustained anxiety symptom relief across a range of clinical settings, with anxiolytic effects occurring within the first 12 h of administration and remaining effective for 1–2 weeks. Future studies could explore the effects of ketamine maintenance therapy on anxiety symptoms.
Differentiation of Bone Metastasis in Elderly Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Mao , Wang Ying , Xue Qiong , Zhu Yu 
Published: April 2023

Objective We tested the performance of general machine learning and joint machine learning algorithms in the classification of bone metastasis, in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We used R version 3.5.3 for statistical analysis of the general information, and Python to construct machine learning models. Results We first used the average classifiers of the 4 machine learning algorithms to rank the features and the results showed that race, sex, whether they had surgery and marriage were the first 4 factors affecting bone metastasis. Machine learning results in the training group: for area under the curve (AUC), except for RF and LR, the AUC values of all machine learning classifiers were greater than .8, but the joint algorithm did not improve the AUC for any single machine learning algorithm. Among the results related to accuracy and precision, the accuracy of other machine learning classifiers except the RF algorithm was higher than 70%, and only the precision of the LGBM algorithm was higher than 70%. Machine learning results in the test group: Similarly, for areas under the curve (AUC), except RF and LR, the AUC values for all machine learning classifiers were greater than .8, but the joint algorithm did not improve the AUC value for any single machine learning algorithm. For accuracy, except for the RF algorithm, the accuracy of other machine learning classifiers was higher than 70%. The highest precision for the LGBM algorithm was .675. Conclusion The results of this concept verification study show that machine learning algorithm classifiers can distinguish the bone metastasis of patients with lung cancer. This will provide a new research idea for the future use of non-invasive technology to identify bone metastasis in lungcancer. However, more prospective multicenter cohort studies are needed.
Anti-cancer drug waste disposal practices and wastewater management in hospitals: A Lebanese survey
Authors: Nassour Carla , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen , Barton Stephen J , Barker James 
Published: April 2023

Introduction To achieve continuous environmental sustainability and protect the population's health, healthcare waste (in liquid or solid form) needs appropriate management and suitable treatment strategies before its final disposal in the environment in order to reduce its adverse impacts. This study aims to identify disparities in the waste management of anti-cancer drugs and the wastewater generated in Lebanese hospitals. Methods Three questionnaires were designed to evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness and experience of hospital personnel regardless of their job levels. Data was collected in December 2019 from three departments of each participating hospital: pharmacy, oncology and maintenance departments. A descriptive analysis was conducted to summarise the survey results. Results The results revealed a lack of transparency and awareness of the participants, with a high frequency of ‘prefer not to say’ responses when asked about the disposal methods of anti-cancer drugs and with only 5.7% of the participants in the pharmacy department sharing their disposal procedures. The same perception was deduced regarding hospitals’ wastewater treatment, where responses were often contradicting, preventing making assumptions about the fate of hospital wastewater. Conclusion The results of this survey support the need to establish a more comprehensive waste management programme in Lebanon that would be maintained through regular training and supervision.
Preventing malnutrition within the first 1000 days of life in under-resourced communities: An integrative literature review
Authors: Nyarko Marian Joyce , van Rooyen Dalena (RM) , ten Ham-Baloyi Wilma 
Published: April 2023

This integrative review aimed to summarise existing best evidence practice for preventing malnutrition within the First 1000 Days of Life in under-resourced communities. BioMed Central, EBSCOHOST (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL and MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, JSTOR, Science Direct and Scopus were searched as well as Google Scholar and relevant websites for grey literature. Most recent versions of strategies, guidelines, interventions and policies; published in English, focussing on preventing malnutrition in pregnant women and in children less than 2 years old in under-resourced communities, from January 2015 to November 2021 were searched for. Initial searches yielded 119 citations of which 19 studies met inclusion criteria. Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidenced-Based Practice Evidence Rating Scales for appraising research evidence and non-research evidence were used. Extracted data were synthesised using thematic data analysis. Five themes were derived from extracted data: 1. Improving social determinants of health using a multisector approach; 2. Enhancing infant and toddler feeding; 3. Managing healthy nutrition and lifestyle choices in pregnancy; 4. Improving personal and environmental health practices; and 5. Reducing low-birthweight incidence. Further exploration regarding preventing malnutrition in the First 1000 Days in under-resourced communities is required using high-quality studies. Systematic review registration number: H18-HEA-NUR-001 (Nelson Mandela University).
Incidence of deep venous thrombosis in COVID-19 critically ill patients treated with intermediate-dose of heparin for thromboprophylaxis: The COVIDOP-DVT observational study
Authors: Maurizot Aurélien , Chabay Simon , Roger Guillaume , Tapiero Stéphanie , Georges Jean-Louis , Flaujac Claire , Paul Marine , Roche Anne , Bruneel Fabrice , Ferré Alexis 
Published: April 2023

Introduction The high prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) would justify systematic screening of these patients or higher therapeutic dose of heparin for thromboprophylaxis. Material and method We performed a systematic echo-Doppler of the lower limb proximal veins during the first 48 h (visit 1) and from 7 to 9 days after visit 1 (visit 2) in consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital for severe proven COVID-19 during the second wave. All patients received intermediate-dose heparin (IDH). The primary objective was to determine DVT incidence on venous Doppler ultrasound. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the presence of DVT modifies the anticoagulation regimen, the incidence of major bleeding according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria, and the mortality rate of patients with and without DVT. Results We included 48 patients (30 [62.5%] men) with a median age of 63 years [IQR, 54–70]. The prevalence of proximal deep vein thrombosis was 4.2% (2/48). In these two patients, after DVT diagnosis, anticoagulation was changed from intermediate to curative dose. Two patients (4.2%) had a major bleeding complication according to ISTH criteria. Among the 48 patients, 9 (18.8%) died before hospital discharge. No DVT or pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in these deceased patients during their hospital stay. Conclusion In critically ill patients with COVID-19, management with IDH results in a low incidence of DVT. Although our study is not designed to demonstrate any difference in outcome, our results do not suggest any signal of harm when using intermediate-dose heparin (IDH) COVID-19 with a frequency of major bleeding complications less than 5%.
Running more than before? The evolution of running load demands in the English Premier League
Authors: Allen Tom , Taberner Matt , Zhilkin Mikhail , Rhodes David 
Published: April 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess running load trends (total distance (TD), high-intensity distance (HID; > 5.5ms−1) and sprinting distance (SprD; > 7ms−1)) in the English Premier League (EPL) between the 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 seasons using a semi-automated optical tracking system. Methods A total of 1634 games across 5 seasons (2014/2015–2018/2019) were analysed for team and positional TD, HID and SprD. All matches were tracked using TRACAB® Gen-4 HD motion cameras. Data were analysed to identify significant team and positional differences for each metric. Results Small to moderate increases were seen in team running load for TD ( p   =   0.02; effect size (ES): 0.21), HID ( p  <  0.001; ES: 0.88) and SprD ( p  <  0.001; ES: 0.67) between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019. Positional analysis showed significant increases in TD for all except for defensive midfielders (DM), attacking midfielders (AM) and wide midfielders (WM) ( p  <  0.001–0.009; ES: 0.14–0.36); HID for all positions excluding goalkeepers (GK) ( p  <  0.001–0.007; ES: 0.2–0.54) and SprD for all positions except for GK, central midfielders (CM) and AM, ( p  <  0.001–0.020; ES: 0.19–0.39). Trivial to small differences were seen in season-to-season comparisons for TD ( p  <  0.001–0.023; ES: −0.16–0.52), HID ( p  <  0.001–0.033; ES: 0.10–0.38) and SprD ( p  <  0.001–0.025; ES: 0.13–0.27) for both team and positional differences. Conclusion Small to moderate increases in team TD, HID and SprD occurred in the EPL between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019, with trivial to small changes in season-to-season variations. Actual changes in running load over time appear to be dependent on playing position. Running load trends should be updated regularly and practitioners should be aware of the variability within their team, and programme accordingly.
User types, psycho-social effects and societal trends related to the use of consumer health technologies
Authors: Baumann Martina F , Weinberger Nora , Maia Maria , Schmid Karolin 
Published: April 2023

Objective The term consumer health technologies we use in this paper refers to fitness and health apps, wearables and other self-tracking devices that collect health-related data. Our paper aims to bridge the gap between the growing literature base of sociological research and ethical reflection on the (non-intended) effects of consumer health technology use on the psycho-social level, such as stress, responsibilization or a loss of intuitive sense for signs of health or illness. Special consideration should be given to vulnerable individuals, as the positive and negative effects of consumer health technology use may be unequally distributed. This perspective may help to guide policymaking and the responsible development of consumer health technologies. Methods Using a narrative review approach, we refer to empirical and theoretical studies dealing with user types and effects related to the use of consumer health technologies. We provide an overview of consumer health technology user typologies and evidence of the unintended psycho-social effects of consumer health technology use. On this basis, we propose a user typology that may serve as a future tool for ethical reflection on negative side effects. Results Evidence of the potential negative side effects of consumer health technology use, as presented in the literature, is inconclusive due to the high diversity of consumer health technology users and the way they use consumer health technologies. Our proposed user typology aims to more comprehensively document the diversity of users by incorporating the way in which users identify with and use their self-tracked data, attitudes towards the new technology and social interactions via consumer health technologies, and the purpose and self-determinedness of consumer health technology use. Conclusions More systematic and quantitative empirical research on the effects of consumer health technology use in diverse settings and with diverse user types is necessary to inform public health policy. In addition to evidence-based certification of medical consumer health technologies, more practical and flexible ways to protect users from side effects may have to be developed and adopted, especially regarding the increasing number of non-medical consumer health technologies.
Fentanyl, etizolam, and beyond: A feasibility study of a community partnership using handheld Raman spectrometry to identify substances in the local illicit drug supply
Authors: Grover Casey , How Justine , Close Reb 
Published: April 2023

Background: The United States is currently experiencing an unprecedented rise in fatal drug overdoses, which is in part due to the arrival of fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and other synthetic drugs into the illicit drug supply. Traditional urine drug testing is often unable to detect fentanyl analogs and other novel synthetic drugs, which places physicians and first responders in the difficult position of treating patients who are intoxicated with or overdosing on unknown substances. Design and methods: We report, as a feasibility study, the development of a novel program to use a handheld Raman spectrometry device in our hospital’s Emergency Department to surveil our local illicit drug supply in terms of what substances are being sold and used. Results: Using our novel program, we were able to detect 27 substances in our illicit drug supply over a 10 month period, including fentanyl analogues. We shared, through our local opioid safety coalition, real-time information to first responders, substance use treatment programs, and physicians about the novel substances we detected using the handheld Raman spectrometer. Conclusions: A community partnership of using handheld Raman spectrometry in our hospital’s Emergency Department was successful in providing information to health care providers about novel substances in our illicit drug market. Additionally, the implementation of this program improved collaboration between local health care providers and local law enforcement.
Next Generation Sequencing for miRNA Detection on the Exhaled Breath Condensate: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cherchi Roberto , Cusano Roberto , Orrù Sandro , Ferrari Paolo A , Massidda Matteo , Fotia Giorgio , De Matteis Sara , Cocco Pierluigi 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sampling has been suggested as a less-invasive and cost-effective method to detect biological macromolecules, including miRNA. To explore the feasibility of its use as a biomarker of early effects of asbestos exposure, we conducted a preliminary test on male volunteers by comparing the miRNA profile in the EBC and the plasma using 2 different sequencing platforms. Methods: Six male volunteers, all retired and unexposed to dust or fumes, participated in the test. RNA was extracted from 200 μL EBC samples and same-size plasma samples. Sample aliquots were processed in 2 laboratories using 2 different sequencing platforms: a MiSeq Illumina® platform and a more performing HiSeq Illumina® platform. Results: The HiSeq3000® sequencing platform identified twice as many unique molecular indexes (UMI)-validated miRNA as the MiSeq® platform. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between EBC counts and plasma counts was significant in 5/6 subjects with either platform (MiSeq® = 0.128-0.508, P = .026-<.001; HiSeq® = 0.156-0.412, P = .001-<.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient confirmed the consistency of the miRNA profile over the 6 participants with both biospecimens. Exploring the agreement between the EBC and plasma samples with Bland-Altman plots showed that using the HiSeq3000® platform substantially improved the EBC miRNA detection rate. Conclusion: Our preliminary study confirms that, when using the HiSeq® sequencing platform, EBC sampling is a suitable, non-invasive method to detect the miRNA profile in healthy subjects.