bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The climate niche of the invasive tick species Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma rufipes (Ixodidae) with recommendations for modeling exercises
Authors: Estrada-Peña Agustín 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe finding of immature stages of some Hyalomma spp. feeding on migratory birds in Europe is unexceptional. The reports of adults of Hyalomma in Europe (incl. the British Isles) after successful molting from immatures have increased in recent years. It has been claimed that the warming of the target territory could favor the populations of these invasive ticks. Although evaluations of the impact on health or measures of adaptation are on their way, the climate niches of these species remain undefined, preventing preventive policies. This study delineates such niches for both Hyalomma marginatum (2,729 collection points) and Hyalomma rufipes (2,573 collections) in their distribution area, together with 11,669 points in Europe where Hyalomma spp. are believed to be absent in field surveys. Niche is defined from daily data of temperature, evapotranspiration, soil humidity and air saturation deficit (years 1970–2006). A set of eight variables (annual/seasonal accumulated temperature and vapor deficit) has the maximum discriminatory power separating the niches of both Hyalomma and a negative dataset, with an accuracy near 100%. The sites supporting H. marginatum or H. rufipes seem to be controlled by the joint action of the amount of water in the air (accounting for mortality) and the accumulated temperature (regulating development). The use of accumulated annual temperature as the only variable for predictive purposes of colonization of Hyalomma spp. looks unreliable, as far as values of water in air are excluded.
Dissection of pyroptosis-related prognostic signature and CASP6-mediated regulation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: new sights to clinical decision-making
Authors: Zhu Jun , Shi Yanlong , Lan Sheng , Wang Jingyan , Jiang Fei , Tang Caiping , Cai Yuan , Pan Ziyuan , Jian Haokun , Fang Hanlu , Zhang Yewei , Zhong Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that pyroptosis may participate in the regulation of tumorigenesis and immune microenvironment. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains unclear. Through multiple bioinformatics analysis, we constructed a prognostic gene model and competing endogenous RNA network. The correlation between PRGs and prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and tumor mutational burden was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curve, univariate Cox, multivariate regression, and Spearman’s analysis in PAAD patients. The qRT-PCR, Western blotting, CCK-8, Wound healing, and Transwell assay were applied to examine the role of CASP6 in PANC-1 cell. Thirty-one PRGs were upregulated in PAAD. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the PRGs were mainly involved in pyroptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and response to bacteria. We established a novel 4-gene signature related to PRGs for evaluating the prognosis of PAAD patients. Patients with PAAD in the low-risk group had a better prognosis than those in the high-risk group. The nomogram suggested that the 1-, 3-, and 5-years survival probability exhibited robust predictive performance. Significant correlation was observed between prognostic PRGs and immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and tumor mutational burden. We first identified the potential competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis in PAAD: lncRNA PVT1/hsa-miR-16-5p/CASP6/CASP8. Moreover, knockdown of CASP6 dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of PANC-1 cell in vitro. In conclusion, CASP6 could be a potential biomarker, promoting the occurrence and progression in PAAD. The lncRNA PVT1/hsa-miR-16-5p/CASP6/CASP8 regulatory axis plays an vital role in regulating the anti-tumor immune responses for PAAD.
Recent advances in laser self-injection locking to high-Q microresonators
Authors: Kondratiev Nikita M. , Lobanov Valery E. , Shitikov Artem E. , Galiev Ramzil R. , Chermoshentsev Dmitry A. , Dmitriev Nikita Yu. , Danilin Andrey N. , Lonshakov Evgeny A. , Min’kov Kirill N. , Sokol Daria M. , Cordette Steevy J. , Luo Yi-Han , Liang Wei , Liu Junqiu , Bilenko Igor A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe stabilization and manipulation of laser frequency by means of an external cavity are nearly ubiquitously used in fundamental research and laser applications. While most of the laser light transmits through the cavity, in the presence of some back-scattered light from the cavity to the laser, the self-injection locking effect can take place, which locks the laser emission frequency to the cavity mode of similar frequency. The self-injection locking leads to dramatic reduction of laser linewidth and noise. Using this approach, a common semiconductor laser locked to an ultrahigh-Q microresonator can obtain sub-Hertz linewidth, on par with state-of-the-art fiber lasers. Therefore it paves the way to manufacture high-performance semiconductor lasers with reduced footprint and cost. Moreover, with high laser power, the optical nonlinearity of the microresonator drastically changes the laser dynamics, offering routes for simultaneous pulse and frequency comb generation in the same microresonator. Particularly, integrated photonics technology, enabling components fabricated via semiconductor CMOS process, has brought increasing and extending interest to laser manufacturing using this method. In this article, we present a comprehensive tutorial on analytical and numerical methods of laser self-injection locking, as well a review of most recent theoretical and experimental achievements.
Infrared image fusion for quality enhancement
Authors: Donia Eman A. , El-Rabaie El-Sayed M. , El-Samie Fathi E. Abd , Faragallah Osama S. , El-Hag Noha A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for infrared image enhancement through fusion. Firstly, the infrared image is enhanced through histogram matching to enhance its dynamic range. A reference image with a good dynamic range, such as Cameraman, Lena, and Mandrill, is used in the histogram matching process. After that, the enhanced image is fused with the original image through curvelet fusion to inject much more details in the infrared image. The proposed approach achieves high quality of infrared image enhancement compared with different techniques.
United Kingdom Patent Decisions 2022
Authors: Trigg Robyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis report highlights a selection of the most important UK patent decisions from 2022, including: five Court of Appeal judgments (one relating to determining what constitutes an exclusive licensee, two dealing with permission to appeal and the appeal of a divisional patent validity challenge, one dealing with Arrow declaratory relief, and one dealing with the appropriate relief after a finding of standard essential patent (SEP) validity and infringement), and seven High Court judgments (one concerning a preliminary issues trial, one concerning divisional patent validity, one concerning plausibility, one considering an application for interim injunctive relief, one considering an application for Arrow declaratory relief, one looking at unjustified threats, and one looking at an expedition application relating to an infringement trial).
An efficient method for generating a discrete uniform distribution using a biased random source
Authors: Lei Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present an efficient algorithm to generate a discrete uniform distribution on a set of p elements using a biased random source for p prime. The algorithm generalizes Von Neumann’s method and improves the computational efficiency of Dijkstra’s method. In addition, the algorithm is extended to generate a discrete uniform distribution on any finite set based on the prime factorization of integers. The average running time of the proposed algorithm is overall sublinear:
$\operatorname{O}\!(n/\log n)$
.
On the general theory of the stability of equilibrium of discrete conservative systems
Authors: Allman D. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe general theory of the stability of equilibrium of discrete conservative systems is reviewed with an eye to implementation in finite element structural analysis. The approach features a natural parameter, such as the applied loading of a system, as the independent variable; all results are thus conveniently established without recourse to any of the artificial parameters advocated by some earlier authors. The criteria for identifying singular (critical) points, which include bifurcation points and limit points, and determining their stability are obtained in simple forms suitable for computation. Numerical results are given for an example problem characteristic of a loaded plate with multiple, stable and unstable, bifurcation points to demonstrate an application of the theory.
The prospects for European aerospace transporters
Authors: Ashford D. M. , Collins P. Q. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis fourth and final part of the paper on aerospace transporters attempts to explain why, if aerospace transporters are as technically and commercially viable as has been suggested in the previous parts of the paper, they were not developed several years ago.A brief historical survey of space transportation reveals two unique features compared with other forms of transportation. First, technically straightforward methods of greatly reducing cost have persistently failed to be adopted. The feasibility of winged flyback boosters was demonstrated as long ago as 1945 when the Germans flew two experimental V-2s fitted with wings to increase range. Winged flyback boosters have never been built. Second, all significant development funding has come from government agencies - there has been very little private investment in launch vehicle development. It is suggested that the link between these two features is that space policy was initially dominated by considerations of defence and national prestige, and that the commercial uses of space have not become significant enough to give priority to cost reduction.In this situation, it is proposed that developing a small aerospace transporter would assist the permanent manned space stations now being planned by government agencies, by providing safe and low-cost transport for their crews; and would accelerate the commercial exploitation of space by greatly reducing launch costs and thereby permitting the start of a space tourism industry. However, at present there are no firm plans for aerospace transporters, and passenger transportation is not being considered by government agencies.The main conclusion of the paper is that feasibility studies of aerospace transporters should be undertaken soon to include particular emphasis on the prospects for commercial space passenger transportation.
Thin aerofoils with high-incidence flaps or blunt trailing edges
Authors: Moriarty J. A. , Tuck E. O. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to calculate the lift for a class of thin aerofoils with highincidence flaps or blunt trailing edges. The analysis is based on smallness of the ratio between the flap length (or trailingedge thickness) and the chord of the main foil. Results are compared with exact solutions for bent plates and for triangular and quadrilateral bodies. A procedure for extension to general trailing-edge configurations, including detached flaps, is outlined.
On incompressible, turbulent, heated round jets in a co-flowing stream
Authors: So R. M. C. , Hwang B. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTurbulent incompressible heated round jets in a co-flowing stream are analysed theoretically. The normalised mean excess velocity and temperature profiles, as determined by experiments, can be shown to be well represented by appropriately defined Gaussian error-functions. The resulting solutions of the equations of motion and energy give rise to turbulent diffusivities for momentum and heat that are both functions of the stream and radial coordinates and depend parametrically on the co-flowing stream to jet velocity ratio, λ. When λ approaches zero, the eddy diffusivities become independent of the stream coordinate and a constant turbulent Prandtl number is recovered, just as previous studies have predicted. Analytical expressions are obtained for the jet growth and the centreline decay of velocity and temperature. These growth and decay laws are nonlinear functions of the stream coordinate, and show significant deviation from linearity as λ increases. Finally, it is shown that the analytical results are in fair agreement with measurements of round jets in a co-flowing stream, and correctly predict the parametric dependence of jet growth and centreline decay of velocity and temperature on λ.
An asymptotic theory for the periodic turbulent boundary layer in zero mean pressure gradient
Authors: Menendez A. N. , Ramaprian B. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn asymptotic theory valid for large Reynolds number is developed for describing the oscillatory properties of a turbulent boundary layer in a free stream whose velocity varies harmonically with time around a non-zero mean value. The theory identifies two frequency parameters in terms of which four different regimes of oscillation frequency are defined. Similarity laws are identified for each of these frequency regimes and for the different layers of the periodic boundary layer. The theory seems to bring together the available data on unsteady wall bounded flows into a general framework.
Bending, buckling and vibration of antisymmetrically laminated angle-ply rectangular simply supported plates
Authors: Yang I.-H. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAffine transformation and similarity rules has been used to solve the classical bending, buckling, and vibration problems of orthotropic plates. The present work extends these concepts to antisymmetric angle-ply laminated plates by employing a simple transformation, utilising previous material constant definitions by Tsai and Brunelle, and a similarity parameter. With the help of certain defined characteristic and bounded quantities, comprehensive solutions are found to this problem; hence, the curves presented in the text are generic rather than specific. The results indicate that the frequency parameters and buckling coefficients increase with increasing generalised rigidity ratio D* and decrease with increasing generalised Poisson’s ratio ε, and the static deflection coefficients decrease with increasing D* and increase with increasing ε. The results of a reduced set of equations agree with those obtained by previous investigators.
Oscillating thin wings in inviscid incompressible flow
Authors: Singh N. , Aikat S. , Basu B. C. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA method has been developed for calculating the load distribution, overall forces and moments on a thin wing of arbitrary shape undergoing small amplitude simple harmonic motion in inviscid, incompressible flow. The method is compared with experimental data and other theoretical methods for wings and control surfaces in pitching oscillation and wings going through a sinusoidal vertical gust.
Numerical study of balanced patch repairs to cracked sheets
Authors: Young A. , Rooke D. P. , Cartwright D. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe effects on the stress intensity factor of bonding repair patches over a crack in a large sheet under uniaxial loading are studied using two simple numerical models. The variation of the stress intensity factor with increasing crack length is investigated and results for repairs involving large elliptical patches are found to agree with a closed-form approximation. Further cases are considered where the patch is either rectangular in shape or less than a certain critical size. For such repairs the closed-form approximation for the stress intensity factor is shown to be unsuitable.
Analysis of beams subjected to large deflections
Authors: Morgan J. 
Published: March 2023

SynopsisThe transfer matrix method of structural analysis is applied to the problem of beams subjected to large deflections by dividing the beam into a large number of uniform sections and applying elementary bending theory to each section. The solution using this method is compared with the theoretical solution of Bisshopp and Drucker for large deflections in uniform cantilever beams. The method has also been applied to uniform and tapered cantilever beams at various angles to the horizontal under vertical point loading and the results compared with experimental data obtained from laboratory measurements.
Reductions in induced drag by the use of aft swept wing tips
Authors: Burkett C. W. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryRecent experimental and computational studies have indicated that rearward curvature of a wing can reduce the induced drag factor to values less than that obtained from the unswept elliptical wing considered optimal in classical wing theory. Wake non-planarity associated with a wing with aft swept tips has been suggested as a reason for this behaviour. This paper provides a systematic examination of the wake non-planarities induced by a variety of wing planforms and quantifies the induced drag reductions which may be expected. Results suggest a dependence of induced drag factor upon angle of attack, and therefore upon lift coefficient. The crescent wing is identified as the planform to derive the most benefit from its non-planar wake shape, typically a 4% reduction in induced drag factor at moderate angle of attack.
Bioaccumulation of antifouling biocides in mangroves and seagrasses in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Ohji Madoka , Harino Hiroya , Hayashizaki Ken-ichi , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Inoue Koji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We measured the concentrations of antifouling biocides in sediment, mangrove leaves and seagrasses from Merambong and Tinggi Island, Johor, Malaysia to evaluate their contamination levels. Although the concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in mangrove leaves in Merambong in 2013 were significantly lower than those in 2012, the Sea-Nine 211 concentration in 2013 was significantly higher than that in 2012, suggesting that the use of antifouling biocides changed from TBT to Sea-Nine 211. The concentration of each BT (butyltin) and PT (phenyltin) in the mangrove area was significantly higher than the corresponding concentration in the seagrass area in Merambong, but the concentrations of Sea-Nine 211, diuron, chlorothalonil, Irgarol 1051 and M1 in seagrasses were significantly higher than those in mangrove leaves. There were differences in the accumulation profiles of OTs (organotins) and alternative biocides between the seagrass shoots and roots. The concentration of OTs in the seagrass roots was almost the same or higher than those in the shoots, whereas those of alternative biocides shows the opposite pattern to the OTs. Significant high relationships were observed between stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and OTs, Sea-Nine 211 and Irgarols in mangrove leaves. The concentrations of these compounds increased along with the δ13C values of the mangroves. These results suggest that mangroves take up the bicarbonate ions and nutrients in sediment and/or seawater through their roots, along with OTs, Sea-Nine 211 and Irgarols which were accumulated in sediment.
A Cohort Study of Occupational Fatalities among Paramedicine Clinicians: 2003 through 2020
Authors: Maguire Brian J. , O’Neill Barbara J. , Al Amiry Ala’a 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/Study Objectives:Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics respond to 40 million calls for assistance every year in the United States; these paramedicine clinicians are a critical component of the nation’s health care, disaster response, public safety, and public health systems. The study objective is to identify the risks of occupational fatalities among paramedicine clinicians working in the United States.Methods:To determine fatality rates and relative risks, this cohort study focused on 2003 through 2020 data of individuals classified as EMTs and paramedics by the United States Department of Labor (DOL). Data provided by the DOL and accessed through its website were used for the analyses. The DOL classifies EMTs and paramedics who have the job title of fire fighter as fire fighters and so they were not included in this analysis. It is unknown how many paramedicine clinicians employed by hospitals, police departments, or other agencies are classified as health workers, police officers, or other and were not included in this analysis.Results:An average of 206,000 paramedicine clinicians per year were employed in the United States during the study period; approximately one-third were women. Thirty percent (30%) were employed by local governments. Of the 204 total fatalities, 153 (75%) were transportation-related incidents. Over one-half of the 204 cases were classified as “multiple traumatic injuries and disorders.” The fatality rate for men was three-times higher than for women (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 6.3). The fatality rate for paramedicine clinicians was eight-times higher than the rate for other health care practitioners (95% CI, 5.8 to 10.1) and 60% higher than the rate for all United States workers (95% CI, 1.24 to 2.04).Conclusions:Approximately 11 paramedicine clinicians are documented as dying every year. The highest risk is from transportation-related events. However, the methods used by the DOL for tracking occupational fatalities means that many cases among paramedicine clinicians are not included. A better data system, and paramedicine clinician-specific research, are needed to inform the development and implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent occupational fatalities. Research, and the resulting evidence-based interventions, are needed to meet what should be the ultimate goal of zero occupational fatalities for paramedicine clinicians in the United States and internationally.
Searching the early lives of the Soong sisters in Macon, Georgia: three Chinese overseas students in the American South
Authors: Peng Juanjuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article uses local history approaches to reconstruct the early lives of the Soong sisters at Wesleyan Female College in Macon, Georgia at the beginning of the twentieth century. The sisters' experiences as Chinese overseas students were situated in the histories of American South and of Asian Americans. By examining the sisters' transition to Wesleyan, their everyday lives on campus, and their occasional off-campus encounters with Maconites, the article argues that the “Southernness” of Wesleyan and Macon distinguished the sisters' experiences from other Chinese overseas students that are more familiar to Chinese historians. Because of the relative absence of Chinese residents in this small Southern town, the girls were rarely categorized with Chinese laborers and hardly felt the strong anti-Chinese sentiments that were experienced by students who went to Western states and large cities. Similarly, the slow adoption of new utilitarian courses at this elite Southern female college also meant the sisters were neither trained as qualified homemakers nor as career women like many other American-educated Chinese women in their generation. They were taught to become housewives that played important, unpaid social roles – a path that they would later follow.