bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of sarcopenia-based nomograms predicting postoperative complications of benign liver diseases undergoing hepatectomy: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Bo Zhiyuan , Chen Ziyan , Chen Bo , Yang Jinhuan , Zhao Zhengxiao , Yang Yi , Ma Jun , He Qikuan , Yu Haitao , Zheng Chongming , Chen Kaiwen , Wang Yi , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundSarcopenia has a remarkable negative impact on patients with liver diseases. We aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on the short-term outcomes after hepatectomy in patients with benign liver diseases.MethodsA total of 558 patients with benign liver diseases undergoing hepatectomy were prospectively reviewed. Both the muscle mass and strength were measured to define sarcopenia. Postoperative outcomes including complications, major complications and comprehensive complication index (CCI) were compared among four subgroups classified by muscle mass and strength. Predictors of complications, major complications and high CCI were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Nomograms based on predictors were constructed and calibration cures were performed to verify the performance.Results120 patients were involved for analysis after exclusion. 33 patients were men (27.5%) and the median age was 54.0 years. The median grip strength was 26.5 kg and the median skeletal muscle index (SMI) was 44.4 cm2/m2. Forty-six patients (38.3%) had complications, 19 patients (15.8%) had major complications and 27 patients (22.5%) had a CCI ≥ 26.2. Age (p = 0.005), SMI (p = 0.005), grip strength (p = 0.018), surgical approach (p = 0.036), and operation time (p = 0.049) were predictors of overall complications. Child-Pugh score (p = 0.037), grip strength (p = 0.004) and surgical approach (p = 0.006) were predictors of major complications. SMI (p = 0.047), grip strength (p &lt; 0.001) and surgical approach (p = 0.014) were predictors of high CCI. Among the four subgroups, patients with reduced muscle mass and strength showed the worst short-term outcomes. The nomograms for complications and major complications were validated by calibration curves and showed satisfactory performance.ConclusionSarcopenia has an adverse impact on the short-term outcomes after hepatectomy in patients with benign liver diseases and valuable sarcopenia-based nomograms were constructed to predict postoperative complications and major complications.
Ultrasonographic manifestations and the effective diagnosis of epididymal leiomyosarcoma: Case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Song Ruixiao , Xi Jing , Shi Honglei , Xue Zhixin , Li Huifang , Yu Xiaolong 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundEpididymal leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor. In this study, we describe the sonographic features of this uncommon tumor.MethodsA case of epididymal leiomyosarcoma diagnosed at our institute was retrospectively analyzed. Ultrasonic images, noted clinical manifestations, treatment procedures, and pathology results were collected for this patient. The same information was collected from a systematic literature search on epididymal leiomyosarcoma, including the PUBMED, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 12 articles; we were able to extract data from 13 cases of epididymal leiomyosarcomatosis. The median patient age was 66 (35–78) years, and the average tumor diameter was 2–7 cm. All patients had unilateral epididymal involvement. The lesions were all solid, irregular-shaped in almost half of the cases, featured clear borders in six cases, and had unclear borders in four cases. The internal echogenicity was heterogeneous in the majority of lesions: six cases were hypoechoic (7/11) and three cases moderately echoic (3/10). Information on blood flow within the mass was provided in four cases, but all were noted with significant vascularity. Surrounding tissue invasion was discussed in 11 cases, with 4 featuring peripheral invasion or metastasis.ConclusionEpididymal Leiomyosarcoma demonstrates sonographic characteristics common to many malignant tumors, such as increased density, irregular shape, heterogeneous internal echogenicity, and hypervascular. Ultrasonography is helpful to differentiate benign epididymal lesions, and can provide some reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, compared with other malignant tumors of the epididymis, it has no characteristic sonographic features,and pathological confirmation is required.
Surgical strategy of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: It is more suitable to use transperitoneal approach in anterior tumor patients and retroperitoneal approach in posterior tumor patients
Authors: Li Yijian , Huang Li , Liu Wentao 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPrevious surgical strategy of transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (TLPN) and retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) mainly depend on surgeons’ preference. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performing TLPN for anterior tumors and RLPN for posterior tumors is a more beneficial strategy.Method214 patients underwent TLPN or RLPN at our center were retrospectively collected and 1:1 matched for surgical approach, tumor complexity as well as operator. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were evaluated and compared, respectively.ResultRegardless of tumor location, RLPN was associated with a faster operative time, a quicker time to first oral intake and hospital discharge compared to TLPN approach while other baseline and perioperative outcomes were comparable between groups. After taking tumor location into consideration, TLPN has an advantage in operating time (109.8 vs 115.3 mins, p = 0.03) and ischemic time (20.3 vs 24.1 mins, p = 0.001) for anterior tumor, while RLPN has an advantage in operating time (103.5 vs 116.3 mins, p&lt;0.001), ischemic time (21.8 vs 24.8 mins, p = 7 0.001) and estimated blood loss (65.5 vs 85.4 ml, p = 0.01) for posterior tumor.ConclusionThe selection of approach should be also dependent of the tumor location, instead of only dependent of surgeons’ experience or preference.
A novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Gao Dandan , Liu Rui , Lv Yang , Feng Yuandong , Hong Fei , Xu Xuezhu , Hu Jinsong , He Aili , Yang Yun 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a highly malignant hematological tumor with a poor overall survival (OS). Due to the high heterogeneity of MM, it is necessary to explore novel markers for the prognosis prediction for MM patients. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, playing a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the predictive role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in MM prognosis remains unknown.MethodsThis study collected 107 FRGs previously reported and utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model to construct a multi-genes risk signature model upon FRGs. The ESTIMATE algorithm and immune-related single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were carried out to evaluate immune infiltration level. Drug sensitivity was assessed based on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database (GDSC). Then the synergy effect was determined with Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and SynergyFinder software.ResultsA 6-gene prognostic risk signature model was constructed, and MM patients were divided into high and low risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients in the high risk group had significantly reduced OS compared with patients in the low risk group. Besides, the risk score was an independent predictor for OS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive capacity of the risk signature. Combination of risk score and ISS stage had better prediction performance. Enrichment analysis revealed immune response, MYC, mTOR, proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation were enriched in high risk MM patients. We found high risk MM patients had lower immune scores and immune infiltration levels. Moreover, further analysis found that MM patients in high risk group were sensitive to bortezomib and lenalidomide. At last, the results of the in vitro experiment showed that ferroptosis inducers (RSL3 and ML162) may synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of bortezomib and lenalidomide against MM cell line RPMI-8226.ConclusionThis study provides novel insights into roles of ferroptosis in MM prognosis prediction, immune levels and drug sensitivity, which complements and improves current grading systems.
Neural text generation in regulatory medical writing
Authors: Meyer Claudia , Adkins Daniel , Pal Koyena , Galici Ruggero , Garcia-Agundez Augusto , Eickhoff Carsten 
Published: February 2023

Background: A steep increase in new drug applications has increased the overhead of writing technical documents such as medication guides. Natural language processing can contribute to reducing this burden.Objective: To generate medication guides from texts that relate to prescription drug labeling information.Materials and Methods: We collected official drug label information from the DailyMed website. We focused on drug labels containing medication guide sections to train and test our model. To construct our training dataset, we aligned “source” text from the document with similar “target” text from the medication guide using three families of alignment techniques: global, manual, and heuristic alignment. The resulting source-target pairs were provided as input to a Pointer Generator Network, an abstractive text summarization model.Results: Global alignment produced the lowest ROUGE scores and relatively poor qualitative results, as running the model frequently resulted in mode collapse. Manual alignment also resulted in mode collapse, albeit higher ROUGE scores than global alignment. Within the family of heuristic alignment approaches, we compared different methods and found BM25-based alignments to produce significantly better summaries (at least 6.8 ROUGE points above the other techniques). This alignment surpassed both the global and manual alignments in terms of ROUGE and qualitative scoring.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a heuristic approach to generating inputs for an abstractive summarization model increased ROUGE scores, compared to a global or manual approach when automatically generating biomedical text. Such methods hold the potential to significantly reduce the manual labor burden in medical writing and related disciplines.
An electromagnetic modulator based on electrically controllable meta-molecule analogue to spontaneous emission cancellation
Authors: Gao Lei , Jiang Zhuofan , Chen Yongqiang , Fang Yu , Wu Xingzhi , Ding Yaqiong , Sun Yong 
Published: February 2023

In this article, we present a miniaturized electromagnetic modulator based on electrically controllable spontaneous-emission-cancellation-like (SEC-like) effect in meta-molecule. The SEC-like meta-molecule with in-unit destructive interference interaction is constructed by two detuned side-coupled resonators based on zero-index-metamaterial The subwavelength ZIM-based resonators, regarding as meta-atoms, are arranged symmetrically in a cut microstrip. A diode serving as an adjustable resistor is embedded in the gap of microstrip to inductively tune the interference of two ZIM-based meta-atoms. Numerical simulations indicate that the remarkable modulation on the SEC-like spectrum can be realized by changing the resistance from 9,000 Ω (unconnected) to 10 Ω (connected). Microwave experiments validate the electromagnetic modulation in three narrow bands on the SEC-like spectrum, and a peak modulation contrast of 52.1 dB on the transmission at 2.59 GHz is achieved through electric biasing. The results in this work may pave the way for our design to be applied in new integrated active devices and applications.
Association of general and abdominal obesity with lung function, FeNO, and blood eosinophils in adult asthmatics: Findings from NHANES 2007–2012
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Hu Zhigang , Wang Sufei , Xu Jiangli , Li Sijia , Song Xinyu 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Obesity is considered a risk factor for asthma exacerbation. However, limited studies have focused on the association of different levels of weight clusters with asthma. As such, we study the associations between different weight clusters with FeNO, blood eosinophils, and lung function among adult asthmatics.Methods: Data from 789 participants aged 20 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012 were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to determine the weight status. The study population was divided into five groups, including normal weight and low WC (153), normal weight and high WC (43), overweight and high WC (67), overweight and abdominal obesity (128), and general and abdominal obesity (398). A Multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the abovementioned associations after adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results: The adjusted models showed that general and abdominal obesity cluster (adjusted β = −0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.08, −0.17 p &lt; 0.01), and the normal weight with high WC cluster (adjusted β = −0.96, 95% CI: −1.74, −0.19 p &lt; 0.05) were associated with lower levels of blood eosinophils percentage than normal weight and low WC cluster. A similar tendency was shown in the levels of FeNO, but the differences were not significant (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, abdominal obesity clusters were significantly associated with lower FVC, FVC% predicted, and FEV1 measures than normal weight and low WC cluster, especially those individuals with general and abdominal obesity cluster. No association was found between different weight clusters and FEV1/FVCF ratio. The two other weight clusters did not show the association with any of the lung function measures.Conclusion: General and abdominal obesity were associated with lung function impairment and a significant reduction of FeNO and blood eosinophil percentage. This study emphasized the importance of concurrent determination of BMI and WC in asthma clinical practice.
Effect of continuous aerobic exercise on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tao Xifeng , Chen Yiyan , Zhen Kai , Ren Shiqi , Lv Yuanyuan , Yu Laikang 
Published: February 2023

Background: Current research suggests that continuous aerobic exercise can be effective in improving vascular endothelial function, while the effect between different intensities and durations of exercise is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different durations and intensities of aerobic exercise on vascular endothelial function in different populations.Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. We included studies that satisfied the following criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs); 2) including both an intervention and control group; 3) using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as the outcome measure; and 4) testing FMD on the brachial artery.Results: From 3,368 search records initially identified, 41 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. There was a significant effect of continuous aerobic exercise on improving flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [weighted mean difference (WMD), 2.55, (95% CI, 1.93–3.16), p &lt; 0.001]. Specifically, moderate-intensity [2.92 (2.02–3.825), p &lt; 0.001] and vigorous-intensity exercise [2.58 (1.64–3.53), p &lt; 0.001] significantly increased FMD. In addition, a longer duration [&lt;12 weeks, 2.25 (1.54–2.95), p &lt; 0.001; ≥12 weeks, 2.74 (1.95–3.54), p &lt; 0.001], an older age [age &lt;45, 2.09 (0.78–3.40), p = 0.002; 45 ≤ age &lt;60, 2.25 (1.49–3.01), p &lt; 0.001; age ≥60, 2.62 (1.31–3.94), p &lt; 0.001], a larger basal body mass index (BMI) [20 &lt; BMI &lt; 25, 1.43 (0.98–1.88), p &lt; 0.001; 25 ≤ BMI &lt; 30, 2.49 (1.07–3.90), p &lt; 0.001; BMI ≥ 30, 3.05 (1.69–4.42), p &lt; 0.001], and a worse basal FMD [FMD &lt; 4, 2.71 (0.92–4.49), p = 0.003; 4 ≤ FMD &lt; 7, 2.63 (2.03–3.23), p &lt; 0.001] were associated with larger improvements in FMD.Conclusion: Continuous aerobic exercise, especially moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, contributed to improving FMD. The effect of continuous aerobic exercise on improving FMD was associated with duration and participant’s characteristics. Specifically, a longer duration, an older age, a larger basal BMI, and a worse basal FMD contributed to more significant improvements in FMD.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=341442], identifier [CRD42022341442].
Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: What do we know about neurobiological mechanisms of action?
Authors: Husain Muhammad Ishrat , Ledwos Nicole , Fellows Elise , Baer Jenna , Rosenblat Joshua D. , Blumberger Daniel M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Castle David J. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionCurrent treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) have limited efficacy and are associated with adverse effects. Recent studies investigating the antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics—also known as classic psychedelics—have promising preliminary results with large effect sizes. In this context, we conducted a review of the putative neurobiological underpinnings of the mechanism of antidepressant action of these drugs.MethodsA narrative review was conducted using PubMed to identify published articles evaluating the antidepressant mechanism of action of serotonergic psychedelics.ResultsSerotonergic psychedelics have serotonin (5HT)2A agonist or partial agonist effects. Their rapid antidepressant effects may be mediated—in part—by their potent 5HT2A agonism, leading to rapid receptor downregulation. In addition, these psychedelics impact brain derived neurotrophic factor and immunomodulatory responses, both of which may play a role in their antidepressant effect. Several neuroimaging and neurophysiology studies evaluating mechanistic change from a network perspective can help us to further understand their mechanism of action. Some, but not all, data suggest that psychedelics may exert their effects, in part, by disrupting the activity of the default mode network, which is involved in both introspection and self-referential thinking and is over-active in MDD.ConclusionThe mechanisms of action underlying the antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics remains an active area of research. Several competing theories are being evaluated and more research is needed to determine which ones are supported by the most robust evidence.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among health workers in West Guji zone, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Asefa Lechisa , Lemma Hailu , Daba Chala , Dhengesu Degefa , Ibrahim Mommedgezali 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCurrently, different COVID-19 vaccines are being developed and distributed worldwide to increase the proportion of the vaccinated people and as a result to halt the pandemic. However, the vaccination progress is different from place to place even among health care workers due to variation in vaccine acceptance. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and determinant factors among healthcare workers in west Guji zone, southern Ethiopia.Method and materialsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among health care workers from July to August 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used to choose 421 representative healthcare workers from three hospitals in the west Guji Zone. The self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. P &lt; 0.05 was considered for significantly associated factors.ResultFrom the representative health workers, 57, 47.02, and 57.9% of healthcare workers had good practice of COVID-19 prevention, adequate knowledge, and a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine consecutively. 38.1% of healthcare workers said they had a willingness to accept the COVI-19 vaccine. Profession (AOR-6, CI: 2.92–8.22), previous history of vaccine side effects (AOR: 3.67, CI: 2.75–11.41), positive attitude toward vaccine acceptance (AOR: 1.38, CI: 1.18–3.29), adequate knowledge toward COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 3.33, CI: 1.36–8.12), and adequate practice of COVID-19 prevention measure (AOR: 3.45, CI: 1.39–8.61) were significant associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.ConclusionThe proportion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health workers was found to be low. From the study variables, profession, previous history of vaccine side effects, positive attitude toward vaccine acceptance, adequate knowledge to ward off COVID-19 vaccine, and adequate practice of COVID-19 prevention measures were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
Detection of organic matter on Mars, results from various Mars missions, challenges, and future strategy: A review
Authors: Ansari Arif H. 
Published: February 2023

This review paper summarizes the literature on the organic matter detection by various Mars lander/rover missions, in order to understand the progress towards dealing with methodological challenges in the analysis of the Martian regolith and drilled mudstone samples. This paper shows that Martian missions are so far successful in detecting simple and some complex organic molecules, but their origin i.e., whether sourced by cosmic dust, meteoric bombardment, geochemical reduction of inorganic carbon during hydrothermal or igneous activity, or produced biologically in the ancient habitable Martian deposition environment, remains unknown. The preservation of organic matter in the Martian depositional realm has also been found as one of the biggest hurdles in its search. Therefore, upcoming ExoMars mission has been equipped with the instruments that would be able to drill and retrieve 2 m subsurface cores for organic matter analysis, with the assumption that the subsurface samples would have better chances of preserving original organic matter from the disintegration by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, galactic cosmic rays, and solar energetic particles. In addition to the method used for organic matter detection in previous missions [simple pyrolysis-GCMS and the use of combination of thermal combustion and derivatization (thermochemolysis)-GCMS], other alternative organic matter detection methodologies i.e., Raman spectroscopy (laser 523) plus deep resonant Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy are used in Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and will be used in ExoMars mission as well. Learning from the past and upcoming Mars missions will help in developing strategies and tools for the future Martian missions with goal to better understand it is ancient habitability.