bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portraits of Women Founders and Leaders in the North of Portugal: Do Academic Qualifications Matter in the Cultural Patterns of Family Firms?
Authors: Marques Ana Paula 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to discuss continuities and ruptures carried out by women in leadership in family firms (FFs). Despite female underrepresentation on top positions in firms broadly speaking, our findings gathered from the project “Roadmap for Portuguese Family Businesses” (NORTE-02-0853-FEDER-000018) reveal an ongoing transformation regarding intergenerational management succession in family firms. In fact, while it is recognizable that micro, meso and macro-structural gender barriers remain, family businesses have been the scene of intergenerational changes with a notable presence of women in management and corporate responsibility careers. To what extent have female founders and successors expressed significant changes in the cultural patterns of family businesses, especially when they have high academic qualifications and professional experience? To answer this research question, nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with business women/ managers of family businesses regarding their career experiences compared with those of male counterparts. This paper finds that the “masculinist” perspective is shifting due to the crucial role of the qualifications and professional competence of family firms’ female founders and leaders. Likewise, the increase in the academic level of women in today's society is one of the factors that is at the root of the emergence of shifting in the cultural patterns of family businesses with impact in the intergenerational succession. (JEL: L2)
DISAGREEMENT of Al IMAM Al KISAI (D: 189 A.H) to him SHEIKH Al-IMAM HAMZA(D: 156 A.H), and its IMPACT on the CRITICISM DIRECTED To Them - A COMPARATIVE Study
Authors: Hussein Mohammed , Mosleh Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

This research, entitled: [Disagreement of Al Imam Al Kisai (D: 189 A.H) to him Sheikh Al-Imam Hamza (D: 156 A.H), and its impact on the Criticism Directed to them - A comparative study], deals with a group of disagreement in Al Isoul Like Al Basmalah, Al Isteaza, Al Mad, Al Idgham and other Alhkam that are known by the specialist of this honored science, What does read by Al Imam Hamza and what does not read by Al Imam Al Kisai is considered disagreement whether Hamza approved by Al Jumhor or not and vice that versa showing the effect of the disagreement according to the clear criticism about the two readings .
The researcher concluded many results, including: The difference in readings holy Quran is a variety difference and not controversial or opposite, Difference reading the Holy Quran is a followed Sunnah and wherever it is approved ensured people should take it in consideration, All the Isoul that criticized by critics reading of Al Imam Hamza doesn't belongs to him, It was shared by others like Al Shatiby, Al Dorrah, And Al Taiba..
THE RULING of WATER WHICH USED For PURITY WHEN MIXING With The PERFUMES
Authors: Juma Abdul Sattar 
Published: March 2023

Water is the basis of purity that cannot be worshiped except by it, and condition of this water is required to be pure in itself and cleansed to others things, if mixture with other things is caused to change its feature and lost its pure .

If mix the water with perfume caused a great impact on its quality, and that led to change in the feature water (color, taste, or smell) sothat the scientists disagreed in this water, some of them said: , the water lost its pure And others said opposite opinion that the water keeps its features
The EFFORTS of BAGHDAD SCHOLARS in PROPHET's HADITH and Its SCIENCES at the 14th CENTURY AH
Authors: Hussein Abdulqader 
Published: March 2023

The importance of the subject comes from the fact that it has remained almost absent or ambiguous from many, namely that the science of "Prophet's Hadith" in Iraq was faded or obliterated in this century specifically. So the research comes to answer this question and reveal this fact. It comes also to highlight an important era of the history of Baghdad which has not been given sufficient attention in explaining the efforts of its scientists, especially those engaged in the science of "Prophet's Hadith" in both writing and achieving manuscripts.
The research was divided into an introduction, a preface, and thirteen sections, as well as a conclusion ending with the most important results.
The research method is inductive and descriptive in tracking the efforts of scientists and researchers and their writing and achieving manuscripts works as possible as the availability of resources, and this type of authorship known as (Bibliography).
One of the most important results of the research is that the research monitored (162) scientific efforts of the Baghdad scientists in the Hadith and its sciences in "writing and achieving manuscripts, including (108) in writing and (54) in achieving manuscripts. This means that the efforts of authorship are greater than achieving manuscripts efforts of this century. (66.66%) of the total of this scientific output according to the available resources, and this indicates that their obsession of creativity has been stronger.

These scientific efforts have been divided among thirteen sections according to the classification of Hadith scholars depending on the available resources. (12.34%) of these efforts related to Baghdad scholars methodology which indicates their attention to this art of classification, and the strength of their methodical thinking based on making their minds busy with explaining their curricula in classifying in addition to its impact on each art, Perhaps this comes from some of the effects of the school of opinion in Baghdad
THE IMPACT OF THE EXTREME IDEAS REFLECTIONS ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY OF THE SOCIETY
Authors: IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD 
Published: March 2023

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the best of his creation and the seal of prophets and his messengers, our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him and his family
This is the abstract of my research, which is under the title (The impact of intellectual extreme repercussions on the psychological stability of society) because the society is considered as the base that nations built on. In fact, our Islamic society now a day suffers from great challenges and dangerous phenomena led sometimes to lose its internal security, coherence and the dispersion of its people into different levels such as the believing level, ethical level and the psychological level.
The world witnesses many sequenced changes that carry thoughts with different directions. The owners of the mentioned thoughts try to spread them by using modern media, which have great and fast impacts on the psychological stability of the society members. The importance of this research shows the fact that after the appearance of ISIS daish, the Iraqi community suffers from various problems such as the instability and unbalance that lead to social, psychological, healthy problems.
The main reason behind choosing this subject is to keep the society stable and balance is regarded as a doctrinal origin founded in lots Qur'anic texts and for it, many rules were constructed. Religious men must clarify the idea that all what happened to us had happened before to our prophet Muhammad peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and to his fellows. We must know the fact that the believer is afflicted in his all affairs. Even we should get rid of the negative thoughts.
The research includes preface, an introduction carries the title definitions and three sections. The first section tackles the intellectual extreme reasons. The second one shows the impact of intellectual extreme repercussions on the psychological stability of society. The third section mentions the answers and solutions for the intellectual extreme repercussions. Followed by an end and a bibliography.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon his honest messenger, our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him and his family and companions.
IHSAN; DEFINITION, CONCEPT, FIELDS, APPLICATIONS, And EFFECT On CALL To ALLAH
Authors: FLEMBAN ALYAA 
Published: March 2023

The research tackles Ihsan, its definition, concept, fields, applications in present, importance in the call to Allah, and the effect left in the souls of the caller and called persons equally.
No doubt that Ihsan is the top of morals as humanity agreed on praising and appreciating it. On the other hand, all people hated the opposite of Ihsan. So, it is so important for the caller to have this quality in his call to Allah. The wise caller should attract the called persons to Islam through Ihsan to have their affability before calling them.
Ihsan is the means easing the call path to the caller as well as easing the acceptance of the called persons to guidance and counseling.
The effects of Ihsan found in the caller's soul include: strengthening the relation to Allah, peace of mind, attracting the called persons and gaining their affability and respect.
Facilitation and Some of its Contemporary Applications in the Perspective of Islamic Economics
Authors: Alwan Yasser 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

This research highlights some of the contemporary applications of facilitation in the perspective of Islamic economics. There is not any religious obligation or ritual in Islamic law out of breadth, ease, and evidence of Allah. There are lot of evidences in the jurisprudence of the acts of worship, treatment and the like. The Islamic economy system is nothing but an extension of the general Islamic jurisprudence. My research spoke about highlighting the quality of facilitation in the perspective of Islamic economics through explaining its contemporary applications, and the researcher has inferred evidences from the excellent sources of Islamic Sharia to support and sustain the objectives of the research.
Finally, it was found that the facilitation trait is inherent in the Islamic economic system and this trait is associated with the continuous development and growth and keeping pace with the developments of the modern era.
The Theory of Reasons and Causes Between Mu'tazila and Ash'ari -A Comparative Study-
Authors: Thamer Atshan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

This research revolves around the theory of reasons and causes between Mu'tazila and Ash'ari. I have chosen two teams from the speakers: Mu'tazila and Ash'ari as examples of the applications of this theory, because they are located on opposite sides. From the opinion of the Mu'tazilites, they make the connection between the reasons and the causes, obligatory, as they do not separate from each other. On the contrary Ashari state that the connection is normal, and the reasons work when the cause is not with it, and a difference between working with it and working with it. Each statement ineludes religious traces. Some of them are dealing with the creation of peoples actions.
The Utterance of the Two Words (Al'ab and Al-Walid) in Holy Quran An Objective and Comparative Study
Authors: Jamil Razan , Saeed Najla 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

The word "father" in the Qur'anic context had several meanings, namely the father in descent, the father in the adoption, the grandfather, the aunt and the uncle, the master of the people, the master of people or the teacher, and the mother, aunt or brother of a father.
The study, by objectively comparing the words "Walid" and Alam, showed a difference of meaning between the two words. The word "father" expands to many meanings, while the word "father" is limited to one meaning: the crucifixion father, and this is what all the interpreters' sayings have gone to.
The research concluded that there is no synonyms in the words of the Holy Quran?, and showed the extent of the meanings contained in the words of the Holy Quran, despite their repetition, but each place of meaning changes the other according to the Qur'anic context in which it is mentioned, and this is one of the miracles of the Holy Quran and its eloquence
Jurisprudence of Religiosity and Its Social Effects A Contemporary View
Authors: Shehab Muthanna 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Religiosity is an innate need for human beings since Allah created Adam, peace be upon him. Human beings vary in the extent of adherence to the religion according to their proximity or distance from their healthy instinct in which they were born, and the extent of their vulnerability to the environment in which they were raised. Because God Almighty instincts all people to believe in Him and to turn to Him as in the case with all other creatures. Allah Almighty said: So make your face up to the religion pure, and Allah has instinctively created the people upon which there is no substitution for Allahs creation that valuable religion but most people do not know. It can be said that the religious person or the observant is compatible with his instinct and followed what he has embarked on. As for the one who neglects the teachings of the religion, he contradicts what he has embarked upon, but that individual can return and his readiness to return to the right path if Allah desires for him to do so, and it the reasons are available to get him back to the correct avenne.
The Direct Fatwa in the Media, the Pros and Cons
Authors: Soliman Nawzad 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

This research indicates that there are people who promoting themselves by issuing direct fatwa in the media without specialization and who are not afraid of the consequences of that. In this research, the importance of the direct opinion and its importance in the media have been clarified, as it has positive and negative aspects, and has explained the most important reasons for the negative aspects and how to deal with them through the duties of states, governments and official bodies in each country. As well as the statement of controls related to the Fatwa program and its management and controls statement for Mufti and the respondent.
As well as I explained the causes behind the negative aseects of the direct fatwa in the media، by none participation of enlightened scholars and specialists, or the cancellation of these programs. Rather, they are remedied by correcting the mistakes and negatives in the direct fatwa, for which there is nothing but pros and cons.
THE PUBLIC OPPOSES
Authors: Abdul   Jabbar Saad , Mazal Othman 
Published: March 2023

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad and his whole family and companions, and after:
For the science of fundamentals is a broad field science, it is only entered by anyone who was in all the sciences, and the principles of jurisprudence existed with the presence of jurisprudence, but it was not recorded, but his issues were in the books of jurisprudence or on the tongues of jurists, and the first without him and collecting his issues was Imam Al-Shafi’i, may God have mercy on him Almighty in his book Al-Risala, after which several books were written, and this science had its own terms, expressions that limit it, and concepts that explain it, among these terms is: (public opposes), which is the name of my research that I want to show, and reveal its truth, by analyzing the concept and mentioning examples , And I had no difficulty collecting it except for lack of time and for accuracy and honesty.
THE EFFECTS OF THE REACTIONARY THOUGHT IN THE PRESENT ERA
Authors: HOFAN ABDULLAH 
Published: March 2023

Praise be to God and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah ... As for
God sent Muhammad to bring people out of the darkness to the light, and humanity was in dire need of God Almighty says: "God looked to the people of the earth Vmgthm, Arabs and Ajmhm only remnants of the people of the book," was his mission mercy to the worlds
He sent him to obey his command and follow his footsteps and imitate him as the Almighty says: {And we sent from a messenger only to obey the permission of God}
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) gave his companions to respond to the texts of revelation without hesitation. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): Life, the universe was awakened by revelation and the earth shone with the light of its Lord But the weakness, degeneration, division, and dispersion of this nation is an inevitable result of the stochastic and scientific situation that they have reached. The doctrine has great implications in the lives of individuals and nations, but it varies according to the same faith and the extent of its authority over the souls
Reasons for choosing the topic:
1. Delay is one of the most perverse in the history of Muslims, which left a serious impact is still visible so far.
2. This thought started with a casual suspicion and a passing word, and then developed until the latest reality is a serious and dangerous deviation, and perhaps the founders of this thought has never been born of what can be derived from the view that was presented to them and that which they suspected.
3. Seeking to purify the correct Islamic faith, which is similar to that of bid'ah and its mixed deviations.
* In this research I used the inductive and analytical method, and divided it into an introduction, a preface, two papers, a conclusion and indexes.
AHMED ABDA’S CLAIM ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF SOME PROPHETIC HADITHS IN AL-BUKHARI’S BOOK CONTRADICTING WITH THE GLORIOUS QUR’AN: A CRITICAL STUDY
Authors: MOHAMMED KHALID 
Published: March 2023

This research deals with an important issue in the foundations of our religion, belief and our sanctities. This religion was exposed, from the time of the Companions - may Allah be pleased with them - and after the death of the Prophet - peace be upon him - to a variety of attempts to undermine it and to question and challenge the most important pillars (Sunnah) depending on allegorical texts. Nowadays, though they are considered Muslims in their belief, we have some of those who challenge Al-Bukhari and Muslim’s books. This research some of these allegorical texts that Ahmed Abda Maher used claiming that the two books ( Al-Bukhari and Muslim) include some prophetic hadiths that contradict with the Glorious Qur’an. These claims were critically and scientifically discussed and refuted.
Narrations of the great companion Haritha bin Wahab Al-Khuzaie, may God be pleased with him, in the six books - study and analysis -
Authors: Saleh Saad 
Published: March 2023

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the best of prayers and blessings be upon our master Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and upon all his family and companions.
This research is about one of the companions of our Prophet, Gods prayers and peace be upon them, who has been honored by the company of the Prophet and by hearing his speech from his honorable mouth, namely, Harith bin wahab AL-Khuzaie may God be pleased with him and his narrations in Six Books (It is astudy and an anlysis) .
This research includes an introduction, two articles and aconclusion. The introduction in cludes the importance of the research topic. The first article is dealing with the personal life of Haritha bin wahab and the second article is devoted to his Six navvatives.
Finlly, the research ends up with aconclusion that explain the most important results.
Pioneers Of Iraq in the Science of Religion, a Systematic Presentation
Authors: Attia Hoda , Marhun Rahim 
Published: March 2023

In the name of God, praise be to God, and may peace and blessings be upon the best of God’s creation, Muhammad, his family, companions, and those guided by his guidance.

The research sheds light on the effort of Iraqi researchers, Muslims and others in the science of religion, through extrapolating their findings, which include scientific literature in this field, and classifying them according to their methodologies, in order to see what the Iraqi firefly is, who is still creative in the various types of different sciences, stands for the greatness and tolerance of Islam Islamic thought assimilates all sciences as evidenced by the capacity of Islamic production in this field and the multiplicity of scientific methods used in the writings of Muslims
Al-Maskoot by the Imam Al-Sarkhasi (peace be upon him)
Authors: Manshood Omar 
Published: March 2023

The importance of the subject lies into the matters dealt with in the current study . The subject of the current study ((al-Maskoot ) by the Imam ( al-Sarkhasi ) includes two things ,i.e. its core meaning is concerned with the accurate rules which is (al-Maskoot) for having the fundamentalists and jurisprudents kept silent and not giving any definition about it despite their intensive indications .
Imam ( Sarkhasi) is a fundamentalist and he has not given a definition about this term , but he has refereed to its concept and its content in his volumes (al-Maskoot) and ( The concept of Statement) and other conceptshe has referred to . applications of this concept in various issues.

The term ( al-Maskoot) has not been given a definition just like other terms and it has been recently known as a matter having not opposed by the legislation and its judgment is indicated with the rule of originality.
Care of Forgiveness in the jurisprudence of Jihad
Authors: Abdullah Luqman 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Allah, the Blessed and Exalted be He, has prescribed a solid religion to His Worshippers and guided them on a straight path. This required that this religion has some of the characteristics and features that make it valid for every time and place for all nations of the earth. With Muslims and non-Muslims.
There are also many recent researches and studies in this regard, and my share in it was (caring for the aspect of forgiveness in the jurisprudence of jihad), because this topic is of agreat importance in our days, because of what our country and most Islamic countries are experiencing in terms of the internal infighting crisis, and the lack of forgiveness, among the people. This is one of the images of the greatness of Islam in its realism and universality, God Almighty has decreed that all the people of the earth do not believe in all of them, and with the survival of unbelief on earth and with the necessity of communicating the call to all people, the Islamic community is isolated from other societies. The Islamic legislation regulated the relationship of a Muslim with other individuals and societies, and set full controls of it within the Islamic community and outside it.
Interest in documentary credits Preparation
Authors: Nassif Raad , Saleh Abd 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

One of the graces of Allah upon the nation is that he preserves its religion and fosters its Sharia, which is the end of the Shari’as. Every one of the sons of Adam needs the other in it, whether it is selling, buying, gifting, loaning, speculating, or other financial transactions, However these transactions are marred by the imbalance and suspicion as a result of friction with financial systems, whether capitalist or socialist, they are trading in ways, some of them legitimate, others illegal, or mixed.
Islam has proven its ability to manage areas of life, including the economic aspect represented in the jurisprudence of transactions, which is one of the most important fields of Islamic economics.
Among the formulas developed in contemporary financial transactions are: documentary credits, The correlation of these credits with interest, is behind the desire to discuss this aspect in this subject , i.e (benefits in documentary credits(.
I ask God Almighty for success in this research, and our last prayer is that praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon all his family and companions, and peace and God's mercy and blessings be upon you.