bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WPPSI‐IV and NEPSY‐II performance in mono‐ and bilingual 5–6‐year‐old children: Findings from The FinSwed Study
Authors: Korpinen Emma , Slama Susanna , Rosenqvist Johanna , Haavisto Anu 
Published: January 2023

Children's language background relates to their neurocognitive development. Knowledge of this relationship is important as bilingualism is common. However, research regarding language background in relation to performance on cognitive tests such as the WPPSI‐IV and NEPSY‐II is scarce. The present study compared WPPSI‐IV and NEPSY‐II performances between 5‐ and 6‐year‐old Swedish‐speaking monolingual (n = 45) and Swedish‐Finnish‐speaking simultaneous bilingual (n = 34) children in Finland. The participants were gathered by stratified sampling and were assessed with the Swedish versions of the tests. In profile analyses, a significant monolingual advantage was found in some WPPSI‐IV subtests and indexes requiring expressive vocabulary (Vocabulary, Similarities, Picture Naming, and Vocabulary Acquisition Index) and visuospatial skills (Object Assembly and Visual Spatial Index). No group differences were found between mono‐ and bilingual children in receptive language, visual memory, or fluid intelligence. Additionally, no differences were found on the Full Scale IQ. The performance on the WPPSI‐IV Similarities subtest improved in a subgroup of bilinguals when answers in both Swedish and Finnish were accounted for, instead of accepting only answers in Swedish. No significant differences were found between mono‐ and bilinguals on the language and memory tasks of NEPSY‐II. These findings highlight the importance of considering the child's language background when assessing expressive language in young children, as well as the benefits of assessing bilinguals in both of their languages.
The impact of revised definitions for transfusion‐associated circulatory overload and transfusion‐related acute lung injury on haemovigilance reporting
Authors: Yuan Yin , Dennington Peta M. , Daly James , Baidya Shoma , Tung John‐Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) and transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) are serious adverse transfusion reactions. Standardized surveillance definitions are important to ensure consistent reporting of cases. Recently, revised definitions have been developed for TACO and TRALI, the latter of which has not yet been widely implemented. This study aimed to assess the impact of the new TACO and TRALI definitions on haemovigilance reporting.Materials and MethodsThe Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Adverse Transfusion Reaction database was accessed to identify all cases of suspected or confirmed TACO and TRALI referred from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019. Cases were assessed against both the former and new definitions and the results were compared.ResultsA total of 73 cases were assessed. There were 48 TACO cases identified. Only 26 of 48 cases strictly met the former 2011 International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) definition of TACO; 6 cases did not meet the definition and 16 cases lacked sufficient clinical details. In comparison, 46 cases met the revised 2018 ISBT definition, with only 2 cases having insufficient details. There were 24 cases of TRALI according to the existing 2004 Canadian Consensus Conference (CCC) definition compared with 25 cases according to the proposed 2019 revised definition.ConclusionThe revised TACO definition captured more cases than the former definition. No significant differences were observed in the number of TRALI cases under the proposed new definition. This is the first study to provide validation data for the revised TRALI definition.
A Data-Driven Model to Predict Constitutive and Failure Behavior of Elastomers Considering the Strain Rate, Temperature, and Filler Ratio
Authors: Ghaderi Aref , Dargazany Roozbeh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This new machine-learned (ML) constitutive model for elastomers has been developed to capture the dependence of elastomer behavior on loading conditions such as strain rate and temperature, as well as compound morphology factors such as filler percentage and crosslink density. It is based on our recent new generation of machine-learning algorithms known as conditional neural networks (CondNNs) Ghaderi et al. (2020, “A Physics-Informed Assembly of Feed-Forward Neural Network Engines to Predict Inelasticity in Cross-Linked Polymers,” Polymers, 12(11), p. 2628), and uses data-infused knowledge-driven machine-learned surrogate functions to describe the quasi-static response of polymer batches in cross-linked elastomers. The model reduces the 3D stress-strain mapping space into a 1D space, and this order reduction significantly reduces the training cost by minimizing the search space. It is capable of considering the effects of loading conditions such as strain rate, temperature, and filler percentage in different deformation states, as well as enjoying a high training speed and accuracy even in complicated loading scenarios. It can be used for advanced implementations in finite element programs due to its computing efficiency, simplicity, correctness, and interpretability. It is applicable to a variety of soft materials, including soft robotics, soft digital materials (DMs), hydrogels, and adhesives. This model has a distinct advantage over existing phenomenological models as it can capture strain rate and temperature dependency in a much more comprehensive way.
eco2AI: Carbon Emissions Tracking of Machine Learning Models as the First Step Towards Sustainable AI
Authors: Budennyy S. A. , Lazarev V. D. , Zakharenko N. N. , Korovin A. N. , Plosskaya O. A. , Dimitrov D. V. , Akhripkin V. S. , Pavlov I. V. , Oseledets I. V. , Barsola I. S. , Egorov I. V. , Kosterina A. A. , Zhukov L. E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract—
The size and complexity of deep neural networks used in AI applications continue to grow exponentially, significantly increasing energy consumption for training and inference by these models. We introduce an open-source package eco2AI to help data scientists and researchers to track the energy consumption and equivalent CO2 emissions of their models in a straightforward way. In eco2AI we focus on accurate tracking of energy consumption and regional CO2 emissions accounting. We encourage the research for community to search for new optimal Artificial Intelligence (AI) architectures with lower computational cost. The motivation also comes from the concept of AI-based greenhouse gases sequestrating cycle with both Sustainable AI and Green AI pathways. The code and documentation are hosted on Github under the Apache 2.0 license https://github.com/sb-ai-lab/Eco2AI.
Gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in adolescence: population based full sibling cohort study
Authors: Husby Anders , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in adolescence.

Design
Nationwide population based full sibling cohort study.

Setting
Denmark.

Participants
1.2 million children born between 1 January 1986 and 31 December 2003, of whom 792 724 had one or more full siblings born in the same period.

Main outcome measures
Scores in written language (Danish) and mathematics examinations as graded by masked assessors at the end of compulsory schooling (ninth grade, ages 15-16 years), in addition to intelligence test score at military conscription (predominantly at age 18 years) for a nested sub-cohort of male adolescents. School grades were standardised as z scores according to year of examination, and intelligence test scores were standardised as z scores according to year of birth.

Results
Among 792 724 full siblings in the cohort, 44 322 (5.6%) were born before 37+0 weeks of gestation. After adjusting for multiple confounders (sex, birth weight, malformations, parental age at birth, parental educational level, and number of older siblings) and shared family factors between siblings, only children born at <34 gestational weeks showed reduced mean grades in written language (z score difference −0.10 (95% confidence interval −0.20 to −0.01) for ≤27 gestational weeks) and mathematics (−0.05 (−0.08 to −0.01) for 32-33 gestational weeks, −0.13 (−0.17 to −0.09) for 28-31 gestational weeks, and −0.23 (−0.32 to −0.15) for ≤27 gestational weeks), compared with children born at 40 gestational weeks. In a nested sub-cohort of full brothers with intelligence test scores, those born at 32-33, 28-31, and ≤27 gestational weeks showed a reduction in IQ points of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.6), 3.8 (2.3 to 5.3), and 4.2 (0.8 to 7.5), respectively, whereas children born at 34-39 gestational weeks showed a reduction in intelligence of <1 IQ point, compared with children born at 40 gestational weeks.

Conclusions
Cognitive outcomes in adolescence did not differ between those born at 34-39 gestational weeks and those born at 40 gestational weeks, whereas those with a gestational age of <34 weeks showed substantial deficits in multiple cognitive domains.
Associations between alcohol brief intervention in primary care and drinking and health outcomes in adults with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a population-based observational study
Authors: Chi Felicia W , Parthasarathy Sujaya , Palzes Vanessa A , Kline-Simon Andrea H , Weisner Constance M , Satre Derek D , Grant Richard W , Elson Joseph , Ross Thekla B , Awsare Sameer , Lu Yun , Metz Verena E , Sterling Stacy A 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate associations between alcohol brief intervention (BI) in primary care and 12-month drinking outcomes and 18-month health outcomes among adults with hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignA population-based observational study using electronic health records data.SettingAn integrated healthcare system that implemented system-wide alcohol screening, BI and referral to treatment in adult primary care.ParticipantsAdult primary care patients with hypertension (N=72 979) or T2D (N=19 642) who screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use between 2014 and 2017.Main outcome measuresWe examined four drinking outcomes: changes in heavy drinking days/past 3 months, drinking days/week, drinks/drinking day and drinks/week from baseline to 12-month follow-up, based on results of alcohol screens conducted in routine care. Health outcome measures were changes in measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and BP reduction ≥3 mm Hg at 18-month follow-up. For patients with T2D, we also examined change in glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c) level and ‘controlled HbA1c’ (HbA1c<8%) at 18-month follow-up.ResultsFor patients with hypertension, those who received BI had a modest but significant additional −0.06 reduction in drinks/drinking day (95% CI −0.11 to −0.01) and additional −0.30 reduction in drinks/week (95% CI −0.59 to −0.01) at 12 months, compared with those who did not. Patients with hypertension who received BI also had higher odds for having clinically meaningful reduction of diastolic BP at 18 months (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09). Among patients with T2D, no significant associations were found between BI and drinking or health outcomes examined.ConclusionsAlcohol BI holds promise for reducing drinking and helping to improve health outcomes among patients with hypertension who screened positive for unhealthy drinking. However, similar associations were not observed among patients with T2D. More research is needed to understand the heterogeneity across diverse subpopulations and to study BI’s long-term public health impact.
Protocol for Shenzhen Ageing Cohort Study (SZ-ageing): a prospective observational cohort study of elderly disability and cognitive impairment
Authors: Ni Wenqing , Peng Xiaobo , Yuan Xueli , Sun Yuanying , Zhang Hongmin , Zhang Yan , Xu Jian 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe incidence and prevalence of disability and cognitive impairment, which are age-related, increase as China has become an ageing society. This study aims to establish the Shenzhen Ageing Cohort Study (SZ-ageing) to explore the epidemiological situation, risk factors and biomarkers of disability and cognitive impairment among Chinese elderly individuals.MethodsAbout 3000 participants aged 65 years and older are to be recruited from communities in Shenzhen by using a multistage sampling method. They will receive a baseline investigation between 2022 and 2024. The comprehensive data on disability and cognitive impairment will be collected by using standardised questionnaires, standardised scale assessments, clinical measurements and clinical laboratory tests. Active follow-up surveys with the same content as the baseline investigation will be conducted every 3 years.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the ethics committee of the Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control (SZCCC-2022-001-01-PJ; 21 February 2022). The research findings will be presented at professional conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200060055).
Investigating the risks of cardiovascular disease among premenopausal women using oral contraceptive: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fabunmi Oyesanmi A , Dludla Phiwayinkosi V , Ngcobo Siphamandla R , Nkambule Bongani B 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women of reproductive age. CVD remain one of the top causes of death worldwide, with at least three-quarters of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income nations. The impact of various types of combined oral contraceptive (COC) on several modifiable risk factors associated with CVDs in premenopausal women is inconsistent regardless of genetic mutations. The aim of this systematic review will be to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on the impact of COC usage on modifiable risk factors associated with CVDs and assess ethnic and geographic disparities in the reported prevalence of CVD.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols 2015 statement. An extensive search on the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library will be conducted from inception until. Two reviewers will independently screen for eligible studies using a predefined criterion. The risk of bias and quality of included studies will be assessed using the modified Downs and Black’s checklist. Whereas the overall quality of included studies will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment tool.Ethics and disseminationThis is a review of existing studies and will not require ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. The use of OC and the risk of CVDs including arterial and venous thrombosis remain a major concern among women of reproductive age. Thus, given the impact of COCs on the risk variables linked with CVDs, this review may provide an insight and assistance during COC use.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020216169.
Observational study on resource utilisation of patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) at a high-LEP serving community hospital emergency department
Authors: Kwok Matthew Mo Kin , Sandarage Ryan , Kahlon Manjot 
Published: January 2023

Communication barriers often result in healthcare disparities. Language barriers in patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) frequently results in higher healthcare expenditures and potentially poorer patient-centred outcomes. Therefore, we decided to assess resource utilisation of patients with LEP at our high-LEP serving community hospital emergency department (ED) in Canada. Specifically, we examined whether LEP patients have a higher rate of CT utilisation and/or a higher rate of hospital admission from the ED.We enrolled 100 patients who presented to the ED in our study. Each patient’s English proficiency was rated. We classified 31 patients as LEP patients and 69 patients as non-LEP patients. Within the LEP patients’ group, 13 out of 31 patients (42%) received a CT scan, while in the non-LEP patients’ group, 30 out of 69 patients (43%) received a CT scan. In addition, 28 out of 31 patients (90%) from the LEP patients’ group were admitted to the hospital after the initial ED consultation, while in the non-LEP patients’ group, 51 out of 69 patients (74%) were admitted.We did not find a difference in CT scan utilisation between LEP and non-LEP patients (p=0.89). Although there is a trend towards a higher hospital admission rate in LEP patients, our finding was not statistically significant (p=0.062).
Reducing unnecessary diagnostic phlebotomy in intensive care: a prospective quality improvement intervention
Authors: Bodley Thomas , Levi Olga , Chan Maverick , Friedrich Jan O , Hicks Lisa K 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCritically ill patients receive frequent routine and recurring blood tests, some of which are unnecessary.AimTo reduce unnecessary routine phlebotomy in a 30-bed tertiary medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Toronto, Ontario.MethodsThis prospective quality improvement study included a 7-month preintervention baseline, 5-month intervention and 11-month postintervention period. Change strategies included education, ICU rounds checklists, electronic order set modifications, an electronic test add-on tool and audit and feedback. The primary outcome was mean volume of blood collected per patient-day. Secondary outcomes included the number blood tubes used and red cell transfusions. Balancing measures included the timing and types of blood tests, ICU length of stay and mortality. Outcomes were evaluated using process control charts and segmented regression.ResultsPatient demographics did not differ between time periods; total number of patients: 2096, median age: 61 years, 60% male. Mean phlebotomy volume±SD decreased from 41.1±4.0 to 34.1±4.7 mL/patient-day. Special cause variation was met at 13 weeks. Segmental regression demonstrated an immediate postintervention decrease of 6.6 mL/patient-day (95% CI 1.8 to 11.4 p=0.009), which was sustained. Blood tube consumption decreased by 1.4 tubes/patient-day (95% CI 0.4 to 2.4, p=0.005) amounting to 13 276 tubes (95% CI 4602 to 22 127 tubes) saved over 11 months. Red blood cell transfusions decreased from 10.5±5.2 to 8.3±4.4 transfusions/100 patient-days (incident rate ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.88, p=0.01). There was no impact on length of stay (2 days, IQR 1–5) and mortality (18.1%±2.0%).ConclusionIterative improvement interventions targeting clinician test ordering behaviour can reduce ICU phlebotomy and may impact red cell transfusions. Frequent stakeholder consultation, incorporating stewardship into daily workflow, and audit and feedback are effective strategies.
Soluble and cell-based markers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated nephritis
Authors: Sise Meghan E , Wang Qiyu , Seethapathy Harish , Moreno Daiana , Harden Destiny , Smith R Neal , Rosales Ivy A , Colvin Robert B , Chute Sarah , Cornell Lynn D , Herrmann Sandra M , Fadden Riley , Sullivan Ryan J , Yang Nancy J , Barmettler Sara , Wells Sophia , Gupta Shruti , Villani Alexandra-Chloe , Reynolds Kerry L , Farmer Jocelyn 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundNon-invasive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ICI-nephritis) are urgently needed. Because ICIs block immune checkpoint pathways that include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), we hypothesized that biomarkers of immune dysregulationpreviously defined in patients with congenital CTLA4 deficiency, including elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R) and flow cytometric cell-based markers of B and T cell dysregulation in peripheral blood may aid the diagnosis of ICI-nephritis.MethodsA retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with ICI-nephritis was compared with three prospectively enrolled control cohorts: ICI-treated controls without immune-related adverse events, patients not on ICIs with hemodynamic acute kidney injury (hemodynamic AKI), and patients not on ICIs with biopsy proven acute interstitial nephritis from other causes (non-ICI-nephritis). sIL-2R level and flow cytometric parameters were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to define the accuracy of sIL-2R and flow cytometric biomarkers in diagnosing ICI-nephritis. The downstream impact of T cell activation in the affected kidney was investigated using archived biopsy samples to evaluate the gene expression ofIL2RA,IL-2 signaling, and T cell receptor signaling in patients with ICI-nephritis compared with other causes of drug-induced nephritis, acute tubular injury, and histologically normal controls.ResultssIL-2R level in peripheral blood was significantly higher in patients with ICI-nephritis (N=24) (median 2.5-fold upper limit of normal (ULN), IQR 1.9–3.3), compared with ICI-treated controls (N=10) (median 0.8-fold ULN, IQR 0.5–0.9, p<0.001) and hemodynamic AKI controls (N=6) (median 0.9-fold-ULN, IQR 0.7–1.1, p=0.008). A sIL-2R cut-off point of 1.75-fold ULN was highly diagnostic of ICI-nephritis (area under the curve >96%) when compared with either ICI-treated or hemodynamic AKI controls. By peripheral blood flow cytometry analysis, lower absolute CD8+T cells, CD45RA+CD8+ T cells, memory CD27+B cells, and expansion of plasmablasts were prominent features of ICI-nephritis compared with ICI-treated controls. Gene expressions forIL2RA, IL-2 signaling, and T cell receptor signaling in the kidney tissue with ICI-nephritis were significantly higher compared with controls.ConclusionElevated sIL-2R level and flow cytometric markers of both B and T cell dysregulation may aid the diagnosis of ICI-nephritis.