bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study Exploring Female Students’ Perspectives on Medical Research Opportunities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Wilson Emily , Elmokattaf Reem Omar , Aljumaa Roaa , Almasri Ghada , Altayeb Maryam , Sajid Muhammad Raihan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While researchers have made great strides over the years in expanding opportunities for women in medical research, some gender imbalance persists, particularly in the context of the Arab world. The purpose of our study was to discover obstacles that female medical students have faced in conducting research. We conducted our study at a small private university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and we used a qualitative, feminist methodology. To address our research questions, we conducted 4 group interviews of 21 female undergraduate medical students who had experience participating in research projects. The study’s aim was to elicit participants' perspectives on the barriers they perceived to women’s contribution to medical research through all phases of the research process, from expressing interest in a particular field to finding faculty support, to performing research activities, to assessing research outcomes. Analytic coding of group interview transcripts revealed three major themes expressed by participants: differing expectations perceived for female students versus male students in conducting research; challenges for female students in securing research opportunities; and practical challenges for female students in conducting research. Findings from this study suggest that there is still work to be done to support female students, empower them to overcome obstacles, and ensure equal participation of female and male students in medical research.
Simple Data Visualization Techniques of Racial Demographic Change Sharply Increase Propensities Toward Violence
Authors: Axford Noah , Beveridge Maxwell , Ahern Molly , Cortes Fryda , Martinez Jax , Thompson Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Data visualization has direct political implications. Across four experiments which slightly vary the visualization of data about projected racial demographic change in the United States, we find that particular displays of racial demographic change strongly alter the inferences that Americans make about the future of the U.S. These inferences lead to threatened sentiments, which increase support for political violence. We conclude that more detail than less is needed when using data visualization because of the potential for misinterpretation that could unintentionally inflame anti-democratic political sentiments.
222-nm far-UVC light in an occupied indoor room: Quantitative field tests of significant airborne viral load reduction
Authors: Buonanno Manuela , Kleiman Norman J. , Welch David , Hashmi Raabia , Shuryak Igor , Brenner David J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An emerging intervention for control of airborne-mediated pandemics and epidemics is whole-room far-UVC (200-235 nm). Laboratory studies have shown that 222-nm light inactivates airborne pathogens, potentially without harm to exposed occupants. While encouraging results have been reported in benchtop studies and in room-sized bioaerosol chambers, to date there have been no quantitative studies of airborne pathogen reduction in occupied rooms. We quantified far-UVC mediated reduction of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV) in an occupied mouse-cage cleaning room within an animal-care facility. Benchtop studies suggest that MNV is a conservative surrogate for airborne viruses such as influenza and coronavirus. Using four 222-nm ceiling lamps, and staying well within current recommended regulatory limits, far-UVC reduced airborne infectious MNV by 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2-99.9%), a 412-fold reduction. No significant changes were measured in terms of ozone or airborne particulates. This study directly demonstrates far-UVC efficacy to markedly reduce airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations.
Effect of organic matter addition on cadmium solubility in alkaline paddy soils
Authors: Sun Zhaoyang , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Hongwen , Wang Jiaping , Chen Qiusheng , Yuan Chaolei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Straw incorporation into the soil is a common agricultural practice, but its effect on soil cadmium (Cd) mobility is not well understood. We added 0–20 g kg− 1organic matters (OMs) with different C/N ratios to three spiked alkaline paddy soils that contained a realistically low concentration of total Cd (0.94 mg kg− 1), and then investigated soil Cd solubility in alternate watering conditions. Multiple soil properties were measured to identify key factors regulating dissolved Cd concentration. We found that for all three soils, pH and dissolved Cd concentration both decreased after flooding and increased after subsequent drying. OM addition significantly reduced soil Cd solubility at both flooding and drying stages. Random forest and linear regressions further confirmed that soil total organic carbon, rather than pH, dissolved organic carbon, or total inorganic carbon as previously suggested, was the primary predictor of Cd solubility. OMs with different C/N ratios had similar effects on soil Cd solubility, whereas the effect of OM addition rate depended on soils. The results demonstrated the potential of straw incorporation for the remediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline paddy soils, through mechanisms that differ from those reported in acid soils.
Phytochemical profiling and In-vitro antioxidant activity of In-vivo α- amylase and α- glucosidase inhibitory activities of kidney Costus spicatus extract in diabetic Albino wistar Rats
Authors: Sivalingam Azhagu Madhavan , Pandian Arjun , Rengarajan Sumathy , Ramasubbu Raju 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study found that C. spicatus extract had a beneficial effect on body weight and blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Additionally, the extract contained polyphenol compounds with antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiglycation activity. The blood glucose levels of the experimental groups were measured over a 28-day period, and the lipid profile was also assessed. The important result of this study is that the plant extract from C.spicatus was able to recover the antioxidant activity parameters, as well as improve the activity of glycolysis enzymes in the kidney of diabetic rats. This suggests that the plant extract has potential as a natural remedy for diabetes and its complications. Diabetic control + C.spicatus 500 mg/kg at 0.99 ± 0.05ab, Pyruvate kinase as a normal control at 20.01 ± 0.05a and 14.41 ± 1.2c, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase Dehydrogenase as a normal control at 0.52 ± 0.02a and Diabetic control + C.spicatus 500 mg/kg at 0.66 ± 0.05c. The study found that the C. spicatus leaf extract was effective in improving the antioxidant activity of important parameters such as SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR, and protected against hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in type 2 diabetes-induced hepatorenal functions both in vitro and in vivo. The kidney glycolysis enzymes, Hexokinase, Pyruvate kinase, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase Dehydrogenase, also showed improvement in the experimental group. Overall, the C. spicatus leaf extract proved to be effective in protecting against hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in type 2 diabetes-induced hepatorenal functions in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Gap Analysis in Service Quality at the Oncology Center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022; a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wasihun Girmachew , Addise Mesfin , Nega Adiam , Taye Girma , Kifle Awgichew , Yosef Amanuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare quality is defined by the National Academy of Medicine as the extent to which health services improve health outcomes and align with professional standards. Previous studies in Ethiopia have assessed service quality in cancer and non-cancer settings but focused only on patient perceptions, neglecting the analysis of patient expectations and the gap between expectations and perceptions. This study aims to measure the service quality gap between cancer patients' expectations and perceptions of oncology services at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Oncology Center in Ethiopia.
Methods and materials: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Oncology Center from March to April 2022. The study included 256 hospitalized cancer patients receiving treatment options such as Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Surgery. Data was collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL tool. Statistical tests, including paired Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis test, were used to analyze the data and identify important service quality dimensions.
Results: Among 105 eligible patients for radiotherapy, 30% waited for over a year to receive treatment. Many cancer patients with community-based health insurance had to purchase medications and laboratory services from private providers due to unavailability at the hospital. The overall gap in service quality, as measured by mean and standard deviation, was -1.41 (±0.41). The average scores for patient expectations and perceptions were 4.24 (±0.24) and 2.82 (±0.24) respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that patient perceptions of service quality at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Oncology Center were lower than their expectations, indicating a negative service quality gap. It is crucial for the hospital and other stakeholders to prioritize meeting patient expectations and improving overall quality of care.
Flux and stable isotope fractionation of CO2 in a mesic prairie headwater stream
Authors: Norwood Brock S. , Stotler Randy L. , Brookfield Andrea , Sullivan Pamela L. , Macpherson G. L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from headwater streams are not well quantified and could be a source of significant carbon, particularly in systems underlain by carbonate lithology. Also, the sensitivity of carbonate systems to changes in temperature will make these fluxes even more significant as climate changes. This study quantifies small-scale CO2 efflux and estimates annual CO2 emission from a headwater stream at the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Site and Biological Station (Konza), in a complex terrain of horizontal, alternating limestones and shales with small-scale karst features. CO2 effluxes ranged from 2.2 to 214 g CO2 m−2 day−1 (mean: 20.9 CO2 m−2 day−1). Downstream of point groundwater discharge sources, CO2 efflux decreased, over 2 m, to 3–40% of the point-source flux, while δ13C-CO2 increased, ranging from −9.8 ‰ to −23.2 ‰ V-PDB. The δ13C-CO2 increase was not strictly proportional to the CO2 flux but related to the origin of vadose zone CO2. The high spatial and temporal variability of CO2 efflux from this headwater stream informs those doing similar measurements and those working on upscaling stream data, that local variability should be assessed to estimate the impact of headwater stream CO2 efflux on the global carbon cycle.
TiO2 Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy as Nanocarriers in Paclitaxel’s
Delivery and Nanosensitizers in Phototherapies and/or Sonodynamic
Therapy
Authors: Tonelli Fernanda M.P. , Tonelli Flávia C.P. , Cordeiro Helon G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Nanomaterials have been offering improvements in different areas due to their unique
characteristics, but cytotoxicity associated with their use is still a topic that concerns researchers.
Causing cell death, at first glance, may seem to be a problem and the studies regarding signaling
pathways involved in this toxicity are still in their infancy. However, there are scenarios in which
this feature is desirable, such as in cancer treatment. Anti-cancer therapies aim to eliminate the
cells of malignant tumors as selectively as possible. From this perspective, titanium dioxide (TiO2)
nanoparticles (NPs) deserve to be highlighted as important and efficient tools. Besides being able
to induce cell death, these NPs can also be used to deliver anti-cancer therapeutics. These drugs
can be obtained from natural sources, such as paclitaxel (an antitumoral molecule derived from a
vegetal source). The present review aims to explore the recent knowledge of TiO2 NPs as nanocarriers
(promoting the nanodelivery of paclitaxel) and as nanosensitizers to be used in phototherapies
and/or sonodynamic therapy aiming to treat cancer. Signaling pathways triggered by this nanomaterial
inside cells leading to apoptosis (a desirable fate when targeting tumor cells) and challenges
related to the clinical translation of these NPs will also receive attention.
Conventional versus Aspiration-type Needles in CT-guided Biopsy for Chest
Pathologies/Lesions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sekino Hirofumi , Ishii Shiro , Yamakuni Ryo , Suenaga Hiroki , Kuroiwa Daichi , Fukushima Kenji , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Larger sample volume can be obtained in one needle pass using an aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle (STARCUT® aspiration-type needle; TSK Laboratory, Tochigi, Japan) in comparison to the conventional semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle.

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needles and non-aspiration-type biopsy needles when performing computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs).

Methods:
A total of 106 patients underwent CT-guided CNB for chest lesions between June 2013 and March 2020 at our hospital. Non-aspiration-type cutting biopsy needles were used in 47 of these patients, while aspiration-type needles were used in the remaining 59 patients. All needles used were 18- or 20-gauge biopsy needles. Parameters, like forced expiratory volume in 1-second percent (FEV1.0%), the maximum size of the target lesion, puncture pathway distance in the lung, number of needle passes, procedure time, diagnostic accuracy, and incidence of complications, were measured. Comparisons were made between the needle-type groups.

Results:
No significant difference was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy. However, the procedure time was shorter and a lesser number of needle passes were required with the aspiration-type cutting biopsy needle compared to the non-aspiration-type needle. Pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage were the complications encountered, however, their incidence was not significantly different between the two types of needles.

Conclusions:
The aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle had similar diagnostic accuracy as the non-aspiration-type biopsy needle, with added advantages of a lesser number of needle passes and shorter procedure time.
The Participation of Ca2+ Channels in Epilepsy: A Bibliometric Analysis
of the Scientific Literature in Latin America
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Gallardo Noel , Mena Vanessa , Portilla Alonso , Rubio-Osornio Moisés 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Bibliometric analysis allows us to quantify and evaluate scientific activity,
and it has become increasingly important in all areas of scientific literature. Thanks to these analyses,
we can infer where science should put greater efforts into elucidating the underlying mechanisms of
diseases that have yet to be fully described or investigated.

Objective:
This paper delves into published articles related to the involvement of calcium (Ca2+) channels
in epilepsy, which is a condition with a high prevalence in Latin America.

Methods:
We followed the scientific publication on SCOPUS and analyzed the impact of publications
from Latin America in the field of epilepsy and the study of Ca2+ channels. We identified the countries
with the largest number of publications and found that 68% of them were experimental (animal models),
while 32% were clinical. We also identified the main journals, growth over time, and citation
numbers.

Results:
We found a total of 226 works produced by Latin American countries from 1976 to 2022.
The countries that have contributed the most to the topic are Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina, with occasional
collaborations between them to make contributions to the study of epilepsy and Ca2+ channels.
Additionally, we found that the journal with the most citations is Nature Genetics.

Conclusion:
The number of authors per article ranges from 1 to 242, and neuroscience journals are the
preferred target for researchers, with a predilection for publishing original articles, although 26% of
the publications are review articles.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Targeting Central Nervous System:
Recent Advancements
Authors: Ojha Smriti , Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Lipid nanocarriers (NLCs) have undergone significant research over the past
two decades to determine how well they target drugs to important parts of the human body, such as the
central nervous system (CNS), the heart region, tumor cells, etc.

Objective:
The objective of this review paper was to review and critically summarize recent progress
in NLC for targeting CNS.

Methods:
The structure, classification, elements, and numerous preparation techniques have been carefully
outlined in this paper, along with their benefits and drawbacks, as demonstrated by several research
investigations.

Results:
This review focuses on recent developments in NLCs for brain targeting of bioactives with
special attention to their surface modifications, formulation aspects, pharmacokinetic behavior, and effectiveness
for treating a variety of brain disorders.

Conclusion:
Poorly water-soluble bioactive substances’ physicochemical properties and behavior,
such as aqueous dispersibility and oral bioavailability, can be greatly improved using lipid nanocarriers.
Due to the brain's complicated structure and numerous protective systems, drug distribution to the
brain has remained a difficult problem for scientists. The employment of an appropriate nanocarrier
technology and an alternate drug delivery method, such as nose-to-brain drug delivery, could overcome
the problem of brain targeting and increase the therapeutic effectiveness of CNS-acting medications.
The pharmaceutical business has recently transformed various innovative drug delivery methods
that address the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems and offer a good benefit-to-risk ratio.
Quality of Sleep Data Validation From the Xiaomi Mi Band 5 Against Polysomnography: Comparison Study
Authors: Concheiro-Moscoso Patricia , Groba Betania , Alvarez-Estevez Diego , Miranda-Duro María del Carmen , Pousada Thais , Nieto-Riveiro Laura , Mejuto-Muiño Francisco Javier , Pereira Javier 
Published: May 2023

Background
Polysomnography is the gold standard for measuring and detecting sleep patterns. In recent years, activity wristbands have become popular because they record continuous data in real time. Hence, comprehensive validation studies are needed to analyze the performance and reliability of these devices in the recording of sleep parameters.

Objective
This study compared the performance of one of the best-selling activity wristbands, the Xiaomi Mi Band 5, against polysomnography in measuring sleep stages.

Methods
This study was carried out at a hospital in A Coruña, Spain. People who were participating in a polysomnography study at a sleep unit were recruited to wear a Xiaomi Mi Band 5 simultaneously for 1 night. The total sample consisted of 45 adults, 25 (56%) with sleep disorders (SDis) and 20 (44%) without SDis.

Results
Overall, the Xiaomi Mi Band 5 displayed 78% accuracy, 89% sensitivity, 35% specificity, and a Cohen κ value of 0.22. It significantly overestimated polysomnography total sleep time (P=.09), light sleep (N1+N2 stages of non–rapid eye movement [REM] sleep; P=.005), and deep sleep (N3 stage of non-REM sleep; P=.01). In addition, it underestimated polysomnography wake after sleep onset and REM sleep. Moreover, the Xiaomi Mi Band 5 performed better in people without sleep problems than in those with sleep problems, specifically in detecting total sleep time and deep sleep.

Conclusions
The Xiaomi Mi Band 5 can be potentially used to monitor sleep and to detect changes in sleep patterns, especially for people without sleep problems. However, additional studies are necessary with this activity wristband in people with different types of SDis.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04568408; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04568408

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.3390/ijerph18031106
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN KETERAMPILAN BELAJAR DAN BERINOVASI (4C) PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: N.L.R.A. Dewi  , I.W. Lasmawan  , I.K. Gading  
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen asesmen keterampilan belajar dan berinovasi (4C) pada mata pelajaran IPA Kelas V SD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data relevansi indikator dengan variabel dan relevansi item dengan indikator serta kepraktisan instrument asesmen keterampilan belajar dan berinovasi (4C). Data tentang relevansi indikator dengan variabel dan relevansi item dengan indikator diperoleh dari 2 orang ahli. Data kepraktisan diperoleh dari 3 praktisi yang berasal dari guru kelas V SD. Data dianalisis dengan formula Gregory. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Karakteristik instrumen asesmen keterampilan belajar dan berinovasi (4C) terlihat pada komponen, bentuk,tampilan dan materi tes yang digunakan. 2) Nilai rata-rata CV sebesar 1 yang berarti nilai validitas sangat tinggi. 3) Nilai rata-rata kepraktisan instrument adalah 4,83 yang terkategori sangat praktis. Dengan demikian, produk yang berupa instrumen asesmen keterampilan belajar dan berinovasi (4C) pada pembelajaran IPA kelas V SD layak digunakan.
PENGEMBANGAN E-LKPD BERBASIS LIVEWORKSHEET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA TEMA SUMBER ENERGI KELAS IV SD
Authors: K.L.S. Utami  , I.W. Suastra  , N.K. Suarni  
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rancang bangun E-LKPD berbasis liveworksheet dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritris pada pembelajaran IPA tema Sumber Energi kelas IV SD serta teruji validitas, kepraktisan dan efektifitasnya. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan modelpengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 fase, yaitu analyze, design, developmen, implementation dan evaluation. Validasi dilakukan oleh dua dosen ahli, 3 guru kelas IV dan 60 siswa kelas IV untuk uji coba lapangan. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode kuisioner dan tes. Jenis kuesioner yaitu kuesioner validitas dan kuesioner kepraktisan. Instrumen tes yang digunakan berupa tes objektif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis validitas dan realibilitas instrument, analisis kepraktisan E-LKPD dan analisis efektifitas E-LKPD. Hasil penelitian pada instrumen pertama yaitu pengembangan E-LKPD dengan instrumen sebanyak 20 butir soal yang valid. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis uji validitas isi untuk instrumen kemampuan berpikir kritis IPA pada 60 siswa kelas IV SD. E-LKPD berbasis liveworksheet yang dikembangkan secara umum terkategori sangat valid dengan skor rata-rata 3,75. Uji reliabilitas pada instrument yaitu r = 0,876 (tinggi). Kepraktisan E-LKPD menunjukan hasil yang praktis dan efektif. Efektivitas E-LKPD dilakukan 60 siswa menggunakan desain penelitian pretest dan posttest. Uji t –test 60 siswa kelas IVA dan IVB menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata nilai sebelum perlakuan kelas IVA sebesar 27,50 dan IVB sebesar 16,17 dengan rata-rata nilai sesudah perlakuan. Sebagai pembanding pretest dan posttest menggunakan KKM sekolah untuk mata pelajaran IPA yaitu 65.