bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity: An intersectional and life course approach
Authors: Sher Chloe , Wu Cary 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhysical activity improves health and well‐being, but not everyone can be equally active. Previous research has suggested that racial minorities are less active than their white counterparts and immigrants are less active than their native‐born counterparts. In this article, we adopt an intersectional and life course approach to consider how race and immigrant status may intersect to affect physical activity across the life span. This new approach also allows us to test the long‐standing habitual versus structural debate in physical activity. Analysing data from two recent cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2015–2016 & 2017–2018), we find that physical activity is only lower among immigrants who are also racial minorities and that the gap is most significant during adulthood, but rather insignificant during adolescence and late life. The findings that inequality in physical activity is more apparent among the most disadvantaged racialised immigrants and among working‐age adults when structural influences are greater suggest that inequality in physical activity is rooted in structural inequalities, rather than habitual differences. Finally, we demonstrate that the widely observed ‘healthy (racialised) immigrant effect’ can be underestimated if inequality in physical activity is not considered.
Mental health impact on primary and secondary Prader–Willi syndrome caregivers
Authors: González Ruiz Yohanna , Gerk Ayla , Stegmann Jorgelina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCaring for individuals with rare diseases can be challenging and represent a burden. Nevertheless, this has been scarcely explored in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Therefore, we sought to explore the psychological impact of caregiving, as well as the differences between main caregivers and other family members.MethodsDifferent evaluation tools and scales were used taking into consideration the impact on caregivers. The scales were administered to those relatives who are immersed in the usual dynamics of the patient, differentiating between the main caregiver and other relatives living in the family home.ResultsA total of 33 families of patients with genetic confirmation of PWS were included. In this survey, 32% of primary caregivers reported a high probability of anxiety, compared with 19% of non‐primary caregivers (p = 0.27). Concerning depression, 40% of primary caregivers related possible or probable cases of depression compared with non‐primary caregivers 13% (p = 0.04). Regarding caregiver burden evaluated using the Zarit scale, 61% of the main caregivers presented high levels of overload, compared with 29% of the other relatives (p = 0.005). Family functioning evaluated using the APGAR scale showed a total lower response from primary caregivers, but no statistically relevant results were found [25.4 ± 6.7 vs. 26.0 ± 8.2 (p = 0.72)].ConclusionIn this study, we observed that caring for people with PWS can have a significant effect on the mental health, burden and quality of life of caregivers, with a greater impact among primary caregivers compared with the other living relatives.
Long‐term weight outcomes in patients treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg in real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Grannell Andrew , Al‐Najim Werd , le Roux Carel 
Published: August 2023

SummaryLong‐term weight outcomes reflect the success of obesity treatment. Weight regain during treatment for obesity is a biologically maladaptive response that can be considered a central feature of the disease. This phenomenon has been well documented in patients treated with lifestyle changes and bariatric surgery. In patients treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg this has been documented in randomized control trials, but real‐world analysis is lacking. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to explore the long‐term weight outcomes in patients treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg in a real‐world clinical practice. The association between body composition changes and weight outcomes was also explored. The study included 25 patients treated with multi‐modal care that included liraglutide 3.0 mg over a period of 78 weeks. Body composition was examined via dual x‐ray absorptiometry at 16 and 32 weeks, with body weight captured up until 78 weeks for all patients. Weight loss (R2 = 0.39, p < .001), fat mass loss (R2 = 0.32, p = .003) and fat‐free mass loss (R2 = 0.19, p = .03) were all associated with weight change from artificial nadir, which was, on average, 3.8 kg. For body composition, after adjustment, only fat mass loss was associated weight regain (R2 = 0.32, p = .01). In conclusion, in patients with clinical obesity treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg in a real‐world clinical setting, fat mass loss was associated with weight regain. Whilst weight regain occurred on average, the magnitude was less than that observed in patients treated with lifestyle alone and weight loss remained clinically significant for most patients.
Perineal defect reconstruction after surgery for advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer involving organ resection: Multiple flaps combined with lining repair
Authors: Gao Zhaoya , Wang Yanzhao , Zeng Qingmin , Rong Wanshui , Wang Zilong , Zhai Zhichao , Ding Changmin , An Ke , Gao Qingkun , Niu Pengfei , Hong Yuming , He Xiaomang , Huang Wensheng , Lei Fuming , Wen Bing , Wang Xin , Gu Jin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of multiple perineal perforator flaps in repairing deep perineal defects after pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer.MethodWe investigated the outcomes of eight patients whose repairs involved a novel method of using an internal pudendal artery perforator (IPAP) flap combined with an inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flap.ResultsThere were four male and four female patients with a mean age of 56 years (36–72 years). Bilateral IPAP flaps combined with bilateral IGAP flaps were used in five patients, unilateral IPAP flaps combined with bilateral IGAP flaps were used in two patients and bilateral IPAP flaps were used in one patient. There were no functional limitations in daily activities during the 6‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionOur study showed that using multiple perineal perforator flaps combined with lining repair is feasible for repairing deep perineal defects in patients who have undergone rectal cancer surgery that includes pelvic exenteration.
Effect of renal function under left ventricular assist device support on the cardiac function and clinical events after heart transplantation
Authors: Kakuda Nobutaka , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Ishida Junichi , Tsuji Masaki , Bujo Chie , Yagi Hiroki , Fujita Kanna , Ishii Satoshi , Isotani Yoshitaka , Kurihara Takahiro , Numata Genri , Gyoten Takayuki , Shimada Shogo , Ando Masahiko , Ono Minoru , Komuro Issei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimWe investigated the effects of pre‐transplantation renal dysfunction under left ventricular assisted device (LVAD) support on post‐transplantation cardiac function, and patient prognosis after heart transplantation (HTx).MethodAll patients who were bridged by LVAD and underwent HTx at our hospital between 2007 and 2022 were included in this study. Patients were classified into two groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before HTx: renal dysfunction (RD) group (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and non‐renal dysfunction (NRD) group.ResultA total of 132 patients were analyzed, of whom 48 were classified into the RD group and 84 into the NRD group (RD group, 47.9 ± 10.1 years; NRD group, 38.4 ± 11.9 years, p < .0001). Under LVAD support before HTx, the RD group tended to have a history of right ventricular failure (RD group, nine (19%); NRD group, seven (8%); p = .098). After HTx, the echocardiographic parameters did not differ between the two groups in the long term. Furthermore, more concise hemodynamic parameters, exemplified by right heart catheterization, were not significantly different between the two groups. Regarding graft rejection, no significant differences were found in acute cellular rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy following HTx. In contrast, patients with RD before HTx had significantly increased mortality in the chronic phase after HTx and initiation of maintenance dialysis, without any overt changes in cardiac function.ConclusionPre‐transplantation renal dysfunction under LVAD support significantly affected clinical course after HTx without any overt changes in graft cardiac function.
A CD56− immunoblastoid variant of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm
Authors: Aran Brenna M. , Duran Juanita , Whittemore Darren , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an aggressive malignant hematologic neoplasm arising from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. It is a very rare tumor that constitutes less than 0.1% of all hematologic malignancies. Most patients with BPDCN present clinically with cutaneous lesions as the first sign of disease. Immunophenotypic variability with aberrant marker profiles has been reported. We report a case of a transcription factor 4 (TCF‐4) + BPDCN, with negative CD56 expression in an 85‐year‐old woman with multiple skin nodules. A punch biopsy revealed a diffuse, monomorphous, and non‐epidermotropic cell infiltrate involving the entire dermis. The infiltrate was composed of intermediate‐sized cells with immunoblastoid morphology, which is an unusual morphologic variant. The neoplastic cells were strongly positive for CD45 and co‐expressed CD4, CD123, TCF‐4, BCL‐2, and CD10. The Ki‐67 proliferative rate was very high (90%). Negative immunostains included CD56, an unusual finding in BPDCN. This case illustrates the challenges encountered in the diagnosis of this entity, particularly in unusual morphologic variants and phenotypes. The elucidation of molecular signatures and development of targeted therapies for its management have been recently introduced and differ from acute myeloid leukemias. Hence, accurate diagnosis of BPDCN is critical for dermatopathologists.
Side‐by‐side placement of fully covered metal stents versus conventional 7F plastic stents in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: Prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paik Woo Hyun , Jung Min Kyu , Kim Dong Uk , Song Tae Jun , Yang Min Jae , Choi Young Hoon , Kim Joo Seong , Lee Min Woo , Choi Jin Ho , Lee Sang Hyub 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of metal stents compared with plastic stents when bilateral side‐by‐side stents were deployed for malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO).MethodsFifty patients with unresectable advanced MHBO were randomly assigned to the metal stent (MS, n = 25) or plastic stent group (PS, n = 25). Fully covered self‐expandable metal stents with 6 mm diameter and plastic stents with either 7F straight or double pigtail were used for MS and PS groups, respectively. Time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO) was evaluated as the primary outcome.ResultsBoth groups had 100% technical success rates; 88% and 76% of clinical success rates were obtained in MS and PS, respectively. Although stent migrations were more frequent in MS than PS (48% vs. 16%, P = 0.02), the mean TRBO was significantly longer in MS (190 days; 95% confidence interval [CI] 121–260 days vs. 96 days; 95% CI 50–141 days, P = 0.02). The placement of plastic stents (hazard ratio 2.42; 95% CI 1.24–4.73; P = 0.01) was the only significant risk factor associated with TRBO in multivariable analysis. The rates of adverse events were similar between the two groups (difference 0%; 95% CI −25% to 25%; P > 0.99).ConclusionsDuring bilateral side‐by‐side deployment in MHBO, the use of metal stents appears to be preferable to plastic stents in terms of TRBO, despite a higher frequency of stent migration.
Weighing the Value of Complex Growth Estimation Methods to Evaluate Individual Student Response to Instruction
Authors: Van Norman Ethan R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSophisticated analytic strategies have been proposed as viable methods to improve the quantification of student improvement and to assist educators in making treatment decisions. The performance of three categories of latent growth modeling techniques (linear, quadratic, and dual change) to capture growth in oral reading fluency in response to a 12‐week structured supplemental reading intervention among 280 grade three students at‐risk for learning disabilities were compared. Although the most complex approach (dual‐change) yielded the best model fit indices, there were few practical differences between predicted values from simpler linear models. A discussion to carefully consider the relative benefits and appropriateness of increasingly complex growth modeling strategies to evaluate individual student responses to intervention is offered.
Periodic discharges plus fast activity on electroencephalogram predict worse outcomes in poststroke epilepsy
Authors: Fukuma Kazuki , Tojima Maya , Tanaka Tomotaka , Kobayashi Katsuya , Kajikawa Shunsuke , Shimotake Akihiro , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Ikeda Shuhei , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Abe Soichiro , Morita Yoshiaki , Nakaoku Yuriko , Ogata Soshiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Matsumoto Riki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivePostseizure functional decline is a concern in poststroke epilepsy (PSE). However, data on electroencephalogram (EEG) markers associated with functional decline are scarce. Thus, we investigated whether periodic discharges (PDs) and their specific characteristics are associated with functional decline in patients with PSE.MethodsIn this observational study, patients admitted with seizures of PSE and who had scalp EEGs were included. The association between the presence or absence of PDs and postseizure short‐term functional decline lasting 7 days after admission was investigated. In patients with PD, EEG markers were explored for risk stratification of short‐term functional decline, according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology. The association between EEG markers and imaging findings and long‐term functional decline at discharge and 6 months after discharge, defined as an increase in the modified Rankin Scale score compared with the baseline, was evaluated.ResultsIn this study, 307 patients with PSE (median age = 75 years, range = 35–97 years, 64% males; hemorrhagic stroke, 47%) were enrolled. Compared with 247 patients without PDs, 60 patients with PDs were more likely to have short‐term functional decline (12 [20%] vs. 8 [3.2%], p < .001), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 4.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–12.6, p = .009). Patients with superimposed fast‐activity PDs (PDs+F) had significantly more localized (rather than widespread) lesions (87% vs. 58%, p = .003), prolonged hyperperfusion (100% vs. 62%, p = .023), and a significantly higher risk of short‐term functional decline than those with PDs without fast activity (adjusted OR = 22.0, 95% CI = 1.87–259.4, p = .014). Six months after discharge, PDs+F were significantly associated with long‐term functional decline (adjusted OR = 4.21, 95% CI = 1.27–13.88, p = .018).SignificanceIn PSE, PDs+F are associated with sustained neuronal excitation and hyperperfusion, which may be a predictor of postseizure short‐ and long‐term functional decline.
An effective overlapping community merging method oriented to multidimensional attribute social networks
Authors: Cheng Shulin , Yang Shan , Cheng Xiufang , Wang Wanyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor multidimensional attribute social networks, most of the existing methods have limitations in dealing with community redundancy, namely, the influences of the network's multidimensional attributes and users' interest preferences are ignored in the process of community merging. To this end, we propose an effective overlapping community merging method (EOCMM) oriented to multidimensional attribute social networks. In EOCMM, we focus on two core problems which are how to improve the method of improving overlapping community detection in multidimensional attribute social networks and how to merge the detected communities with high redundancy degree. To solve the first problem, based on the network topology characteristics and user interest preference, the Node Domain index is proposed to improve and optimize the selection of seed nodes. The traditional overlapping community detection method is improved by semantic fitness function and seed nodes. To solve the second problem, we merge the communities with high redundancy degree by Semantic Community Overlapping Degree which is fused by user similarity, community similarity and community tightness. Finally, we compared our method with other multiple mainstream methods by extensive experiments on three real social network datasets. The experimental comparison results show that the improvements on three evaluation metrics extension of modularity, partition density and semantic extension of modularity are 6.04%, 7.96% and 3.13%, respectively. And our method can make the results of community detection and merging more reasonable and effective.
Extracellular matrix biomechanical roles and adaptation in health and disease
Authors: Franchi Marco , Piperigkou Zoi , Mastronikolis Nicholas S. , Karamanos Nikos 
Published: August 2023

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are dynamic 3D macromolecular networks that exhibit structural characteristics and composition specific to different tissues, serving various biomechanical and regulatory functions. The interactions between ECM macromolecules such as collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans (PGs), fibronectin, and laminin, along with matrix effectors and water, contribute to the unique cellular and tissue functional properties during organ development, tissue homoeostasis, remodeling, disease development, and progression. Cells adapt to environmental changes by adjusting the composition and array of ECM components. ECMs, forming the 3D bioscaffolds of our body, provide mechanical support for tissues and organs and respond to the environmental variables influencing growth and final adult body shape in mammals. Different cell types display distinct adaptations to the respective ECM environments. ECMs regulate biological processes by controlling the diffusion of infections and inflammations, sensing and adapting to external stimuli and gravity from the surrounding habitat, and, in the context of cancer, interplaying with and regulating cancer cell invasion and drug resistance. Alterations in the ECM composition in pathological conditions drive adaptive responses of cells and could therefore result in abnormal cell behavior and tissue dysfunction. Understanding the biomechanical functionality, adaptation, and roles of distinct ECMs is essential for research on various pathologies, including cancer progression and multidrug resistance, which is of crucial importance for developing targeted therapies. In this Viewpoint article, we critically present and discuss specific biomechanical functions of ECMs and regulatory adaptation mechanisms in both health and disease, with a particular focus on cancer progression.
Intellectual property system and urban green innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Siying , Liu Fengshuo , Wang Gege , Feng Dawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGreen innovation (GI) can enable win‒win style economic and ecological benefits. Using China's pilot scheme for the construction of the intellectual property protection (IPP) system as an example, this paper empirically tests the impact of IPP system reform on the GI level and its spatial spillover effect. The results show that IPP system reform has significantly promoted urban GI, indicating that a progressive reform model characterized by experimentalist governance is applicable to innovation policy practices in developing countries. The dynamic effect analysis shows that IPP system reform can be applied to continuously promote urban GI. The mechanism analysis shows that such use of IPP system reform can improve the level of urban GI by promoting investment and talent agglomeration, confirming the viewpoint of the institutionalist school. The heterogeneity analysis shows that IPP system reform plays a stronger role in promoting GI in peripheral cities than in central cities, in cities with lower rather than higher scientific and educational levels and in cities with weaker rather than stronger GI capacity. Consistent with the theory of institutional diffusion, IPP system reform has a significant spatial spillover effect, promoting GI activities in surrounding cities while working to improve the local GI level. This paper affirms the effectiveness of the pilot regional innovation policy with Chinese characteristics, with important theoretical significance.
Ectopic expression of matrix metalloproteinases and filopodia extension via JNK activation are involved in the invasion of blood tumor cells in Drosophila mxc mutant
Authors: Takarada Kazuki , Kinoshita Juri , Inoue Yoshihiro H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrosophila mxcmbn1 mutant exhibits severe hyperplasia in larval hematopoietic tissue called the lymph glands (LGs). However, the malignant nature of these cells remains unknown. We aimed to identify if mxcmbn1 LG cells behave as malignant tumor cells and uncover the mechanism(s) underlying the malignancy of the mutant hemocytes. When mutant LG cells were allografted into normal adult abdomens, they continued to proliferate; however, normal LG cells did not proliferate. Mutant circulating hemocytes also attached to the larval central nervous system (CNS), where the basement membrane was disrupted. The mutant hemocytes displayed higher expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and MMP2 and higher activation of the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway than normal hemocytes. Depletion of MMPs or JNK mRNAs in LGs resulted in reduced numbers of hemocytes attached to the CNS, suggesting that the invasive phenotype involved elevated expression of MMPs via hyperactivation of the JNK pathway. Moreover, hemocytes with elongated filopodia and extra lamellipodia were frequently observed in the mutant hemolymph, which also depended on JNK signaling. Thus, the MMP upregulation and overextension of actin‐based cell protrusions were also involved in hemocyte invasion in mxcmbn1 larvae. These findings contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying mammalian leukemic invasion.