bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity of Time Scales in Blood Cell Formation and Leukemia
Authors: Stiehl Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlood cell formation (hematopoiesis) is a complex and tightly regulated process. It is maintained by hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cells and serves as a paradigmatic example for tissue maintenance, regeneration, and cancer. Quantitative modeling can provide relevant insights into the dynamics of hematopoiesis in health and disease. This chapter provides an introduction to mechanistic mathematical and computational modeling of blood cell formation and its disorders. Starting with an introduction to the biological background and the concepts of mechanistic modeling a broad spectrum of questions and applications is discussed and illustrated using examples from own previous works. The considerations start with a simple model of white blood cell formation that is stepwisely extended to account for acute myeloid leukemia, one of the most aggressive cancers. The covered aspects range from basic biological questions such as stem cell regulation and interactions in the bone marrow niche to application-driven considerations including bone marrow transplantation, cancer stem cell dynamics, clonal evolution, and blood cancer relapse. The role of mechanistic models for personalized medicine is discussed and illustrated. An important reason for the inherent complexity of hematopoiesis is the fact that it is comprised of a multitude of sub-processes that evolve on different time scales. This chapter provides an overview of the most important sub-processes and their time scales that range from minutes to years. The impact of the different time scales on system dynamics and model development is highlighted.
The Beginnings of Word Processing: A Historical Account
Authors: Heilmann Till A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWord processing software evolved from rudimentary yet highly specialized tools for programmers in the early 1960s into very sophisticated but user-friendly PC applications for the general public in the 1980s and early 1990s. The history of word processing—from debugging code on teleprinter terminals in computer labs to authoring everyday documents on personal computers with graphical user interfaces—is therefore also the story of how computing technology came to the masses and how it transformed our concepts, instruments, and practices of writing. This is the first of three chapters on word processing covering the initial stage of the development. It gives a summary of the early ideas and technologies that would eventually lead to the ubiquitous writing tools available for PCs, laptops and other mobile devices today. The beginnings of word processing, however, were not as smooth as modern applications may suggest. A large set of technological innovations in both hardware and software, conceptual shifts concerning writing and novel business strategies for the computing business were needed to finally realize today’s paradigm of digital writing. The chapter’s historical account ends around 1990 with the emergence of Microsoft Word for Windows as the de facto industry standard for word processing.
Reference Management Systems
Authors: Proske Antje , Wenzel Christina , Queitsch Manuela Barbara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis contribution focuses on reference management systems that help writers capture, store, organize, use, cite, annotate, and share source material for their writing. Reference management has become easier, faster and more social over the years: Originally introduced to reduce the effort required to correctly edit citations, reference management systems have evolved over time to incorporate new features such as online management of source material or bibliographic social bookmarking. The usefulness of typical functions of reference management systems for the use of source material in academic writing is discussed. Different reference management systems are described, focusing in particular on their unique features. Furthermore, research on the effectiveness of reference management systems is shortly summarized. The contribution concludes with suggestions on how to achieve wider acceptance and adoption of reference management systems by writers in their writing routines.
Towards Defining Digital Writing Quality
Authors: Link Stephanie , Cotos Elena , Dinca Andreea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a description of current views towards writing quality and promotes a move toward a definition of digital writing quality. We argue that, because new digital affordances have changed how writing is learned, taught and delivered, the nature of written products has become increasingly multi-dimensional and interactive. Traditional perspectives toward writing quality offer a foundation for understanding the textual features that are essential to defining digital writing quality, but these views largely disregard non-textual and non-linguistic abilities needed to effectively communicate in digital spaces. We thus address contemporary realia to stimulate discussion about how to consolidate various domains of knowledge for defining digital writing quality. Aligning contemporary writing demands to form a comprehensive definition of digital writing quality can help transform the design and development of future writing technologies and curriculum for an increasingly technology-adept learning audience.
Finding the Right Words: Language Technologies to Support Formulation
Authors: Kruse Otto , Chitez Madalina , Rapp Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the ability of digital technologies to provide language support for writers. With such ability, technologies directly intervene into the productive act of language creation, which we refer to by the traditional termformulation. Formulation here is defined as the kind of thinking that happens when a writer tries to linearize thought by using language. In written communication, formulation happens during interaction with an inscription tool and is strongly influenced by the kind of technology used. In this chapter, we look into some of the changes in formulation and language crafting that followed the introduction of digital technologies. We attempt to estimate where the developments are heading by addressing four issues: (1) support for the preparation of formulation, (2) real-time support during inscription, (3) support for the choice of words and collocations, and (4) support for language use at the revision stage by automated feedback and intelligent tutoring. The contribution concludes with some thoughts about future directions.
Creativity Software and Idea Mapping Technology
Authors: Kruse Otto , Rapp Christian , Benetos Kalliopi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis contribution focusses on technologies connected with the graphical representation of knowledge and text content through the generation, creation and organization of important concepts, thoughts or ideas into visual diagrams. Although they already existed in the pre-digital era, with digitalization, mind maps and concept maps have been scrutinized methodologically and the scope of their use has been expanded with respect to function and applicability. For writing, mapping technologies serve both a creative function to develop a pool of interconnected ideas from where to begin writing and a selective and structuring function to organize content during writing. Both kinds of mapping have been developed primarily as learning and thinking tools but can also be used as valuable means of connecting thinking and learning with writing. The contribution shows important developments as well as methodological differentiations and suggests the integration of idea mapping technologies into writing courses at the early undergraduate level, particularly in connection with the teaching of reading, summarizing and synthesizing sources.
Synchronous and Asynchronous Collaborative Writing
Authors: Castelló Montserrat , Kruse Otto , Rapp Christian , Sharples Mike 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCollaborative writing has been greatly stimulated by digital technologies, particularly by word processors that have made it easy for co-authors to exchange and edit texts and also led to the development of many experimental tools for collaborative, synchronous writing. When the world wide web was established, the arrival of wikis was hailed with great enthusiasm as an opportunity for joint knowledge creation and publishing. Later, cloud-based computer systems provided another powerful access to collaborative text production. The breakthrough for synchronous collaborative writing was the release of Google Docs in 2006, a browser-based word processor offering full rights to up to a hundred users for synchronous access to a virtual writing space. Next to its easy accessibility, it was the free offer of Google Docs that opened this new chapter of writing technology to a broader audience. When Microsoft and Apple followed with their own online versions, collaborative writing became an established standard of text production. In this chapter, we trace back what collaboration through writing means and then look at the new opportunities and affordances of collaborative writing software. Finally, we briefly recount the impact of early technologies before we settle on the current generation of collaborative writing tools.
Learning Proof Transformations and Its Applications in Interactive Theorem Proving
Authors: Zhang Liao , Blaauwbroek Lasse , Kaliszyk Cezary , Urban Josef 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInteractive theorem provers are today increasingly used to certify mathematical theories. To formally prove a theorem, reasoning procedures called tactics are invoked successively on the proof states starting with the initial theorem statement, transforming them into subsequent intermediate goals, and ultimately discharging all proof obligations. In this work, we develop and experimentally evaluate approaches that predict the most likely tactics that will achieve particular desired transformations of proof states. First, we design several characterizations to efficiently capture the semantics of the proof transformations. Then we use them to create large datasets on which we train state-of-the-art random forests and language models. The trained models are evaluated experimentally, and we show that our best model is able to guess the right tactic for a given proof transformation in 74% of the cases. Finally, we use the trained methods in two applications: proof shortening and tactic suggesting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that tactic synthesis is trained on proof transformations and assists interactive theorem proving in these ways.
Numerical Solutions of High-Order Differential Equations with Polynomial Coefficients Using a Bernstein Polynomial Basis
Authors: Ahmed H. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a novel method that allows one to establish numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations—with polynomial coefficients—that contain any finite products of the unknown functions and/or their general derivatives. The presented algorithm provides numerical solutions of these differential equations subject to initial or boundary conditions. This algorithm proposes the desired solution in terms of B-polynomials (Bernstein polynomial basis) and then uses the orthonormal relation of B-polynomials with its weighted dual basis with respect to the Jacobi weight function to construct a linear/nonlinear system in the unknown expansion coefficients which can be solved using a suitable solver. The properties of B-polynomials provide greater flexibility in which to impose the initial or boundary conditions at the end points of the interval [0, R] and enable us to obtain exactly and explicitly some of the unknown expansion coefficients in the form of a suggested numerical solution. Consequently, the presented algorithm leads to a linear or nonlinear algebraic system in the unknown expansion coefficients that has a simpler form than that was obtained by the other algorithms. So that, this procedure is a powerful tool that we may utilize to overcome the difficulties associated with boundary and initial value problems with less computational effort than the other techniques. An accepted agreement is obtained between the exact and approximate solutions for the given examples. The error analysis was also studied, and the obtained numerical results clarified the validity of the theoretical results.
Determinanten der Gesundheit und medizinischen Versorgung von Asylsuchenden in Deutschland
Authors: Führer Amand 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungAsylsuchende sind in Deutschland einer Vielzahl gesundheitlicher Belastungen ausgesetzt, während ihr Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung erschwert ist. Diese Übersichtsarbeit erläutert einige Determinanten, die diese Situation strukturieren, und führt dabei u. a. aus, wie sich das Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz (AsylbLG), die Abrechnung über Behandlungsscheine und die Unterbringung in Sammelunterkünften auf die Gesundheit von Asylsuchenden und ihre Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgung auswirken. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass die Ausgliederung von Asylsuchenden aus dem Sozialsystem der Gesundheit der Betroffenen schadet, teuer ist und zudem ethische und rechtliche Fragen aufwirft. Insbesondere der große Ermessensspielraum der Sozialämter in der Kostenübernahme sowie die unterschiedlichen Modelle zur Abrechnung medizinischer Leistungen sind gerechtigkeitstheoretisch problematisch und führen zu einer Versorgungspluralität, die der rechtlichen und ethischen Begründung entbehrt.Im zweiten Teil des Artikels wird dargestellt, dass Asylsuchende im Allgemeinen dieselben gesundheitlichen Probleme haben wie gesetzlich Krankenversicherte – mit der Ausnahme von psychischen Erkrankungen, die bei Asylsuchenden deutlich häufiger auftreten, oft jedoch nicht diagnostiziert und häufig nur unzureichend behandelt werden.Als Schlussfolgerung für die Praxis leitet sich ab, 1) dass Asylsuchende in die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung integriert werden sollten, 2) dass aus sozialmedizinischer Sicht eine Unterbringung in eigenen Wohnungen der Unterbringung in Sammelunterkünften vorzuziehen ist und 3) dass das Gesundheitssystem Anpassungsleistungen erbringen muss, um eine diversitätssensible Versorgung aller Patient/-innen sicherzustellen.
MicroRNA signature from extracellular vesicles of HCV/HIV co-infected individuals differs from HCV mono-infected
Authors: Cairoli Victoria , Valle-Millares Daniel , Terrón-Orellano María C. , Luque Daniel , Ryan Pablo , Dominguez Lourdes , Martín-Carbonero Luz , De los Santos Ignacio , De Matteo Elena , Ameigeiras Beatriz , Briz Verónica , Casciato Paola , Preciado María Victoria , Valva Pamela , Fernández-Rodríguez Amanda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a detrimental impact on disease progression. Increasing evidence points to extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important players of the host-viral cross-talk. The microRNAs (miRNAs), as essential components of EVs cargo, are key regulators of normal cellular processes and also promote viral replication, viral pathogenesis, and disease progression. We aimed to characterize the plasma-derived EVs miRNA signature of chronic HCV infected and HIV coinfected patients to unravel the molecular mechanisms of coinfection. EVs were purified and characterized from 50 plasma samples (21 HCV mono- and 29 HCV/HIV co-infected). EV-derived small RNAs were isolated and analyzed by massive sequencing. Known and de novo miRNAs were identified with miRDeep2. Significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNA identification was performed with generalized linear models and their putative dysregulated biological pathways were evaluated. Study groups were similar for most clinical and epidemiological characteristics. No differences were observed in EVs size or concentration between groups. Therefore, HCV/HIV co-infection condition did not affect the concentration or size of EVs but produced a disturbance in plasma-derived EVs miRNA cargo. Thus, a total of 149 miRNAs were identified (143 known and 6 de novo) leading to 37 SDE miRNAs of which 15 were upregulated and 22 downregulated in HCV/HIV co-infected patients. SDE miRNAs regulate genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer, modulating different biological pathways related to HCV and HIV pathogenesis. These findings may help to develop new generation biomarkers and treatment strategies, in addition to elucidate the mechanisms underlying virus–host interaction.

Key messages

HCV and HCV/HIV displayed similar plasma-EV size and concentration.

EVs- derived miRNA profile was characterized by NGS.

37 SDE miRNAs between HCV and HCV/HIV were observed.

SDE miRNAs regulate genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis and cancer.
Cellularity and subdivision of KLR and weighted KLRW algebras
Authors: Mathas Andrew , Tubbenhauer Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWeighted KLRW algebras are diagram algebras generalizing KLR algebras. This paper undertakes a systematic study of these algebras culminating in the construction of homogeneous affine cellular bases in affine types A and C, which immediately gives cellular bases for the cyclotomic quotients of these algebras. In addition, we construct subdivision homomorphisms that relate weighted KLRW algebras for different quivers. As an application we obtain new results about the (cyclotomic) KLR algebras of affine type, including (re)proving that the cyclotomic KLR algebras of type $$A^{(1)}_{e}$$

A
e

(
1
)

and $$C^{(1)}_{e}$$

C
e

(
1
)

are graded cellular algebras.
Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are upregulated in the synapses of infant rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid
Authors: D’Antoni Simona , Schiavi Sara , Buzzelli Valeria , Giuffrida Samuele , Feo Alessandro , Ascone Fabrizio , Busceti Carla Letizia , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Trezza Viviana , Catania Maria Vincenza 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and restricted/stereotyped behavior. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is associated with an increased risk of developing ASD in humans and autistic-like behaviors in rodents. Increasing evidence indicates that dysfunctions of glutamate receptors at synapses are associated with ASD. In the VPA rat model, an involvement of glutamate receptors in autism-like phenotypes has been suggested; however, few studies were carried out on metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors.

Objectives
We examined the protein expression levels of group I (mGlu1 and mGlu5) and group II (mGlu2/3) mGlu receptors in rats prenatally exposed to VPA and evaluated the effect of mGlu receptor modulation on an early autism-like phenotype in these animals.

Methods
We used western blotting analysis on synaptosomes obtained from forebrain of control and VPA rats at different ages (postnatal day P13, 35, 90) and carried out ultrasonic vocalization (USV) emission test in infant control and VPA rats.

Results
The expression levels of all these receptors were significantly increased in infant VPA rats. No changes were detected in adolescent and adult rats. An acute treatment with the preferential mGlu2/3 antagonist, LY341495, attenuated the impairment in the USV emission in VPA rats. No effect was observed after a treatment with the mGlu5 selective antagonist, MTEP.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the expression of group I and group II mGlu receptors is upregulated at synapses of infant VPA rats and suggest that mGlu2/3 receptor modulation may have a therapeutic potential in ASD.
The effect of renal impairment and obesity on anti-Xa peak and trough levels in patients receiving therapeutic doses of nadroparin: a comparison with control patients
Authors: Mast L. , Peeters M. Y. M. , Söhne M. , Hackeng C. M. , Knibbe C. A. J. , van den Broek M. P. H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Anti-Xa peak level monitoring is recommended during LMWH treatment in renal impairment or obesity. The trough level has been proposed as marker for bleeding. We studied the influence of renal impairment and obesity on anti-Xa levels.

Methods
Peak and trough levels were collected during therapeutic nadroparin treatment in patients with renal impairment, obese patients, and controls. 27 patients (n = 68 samples) were evaluated and combined with published data (n = 319 samples from 35 patients) using population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modelling.

Results
Median peak level was 0.44 and 0.95 IU/mL in renal impairment with and without dose reduction and 0.60 and 0.43 IU/mL in obesity and controls, respectively. Trough levels were < 0.5 IU/mL in all patients with renal impairment with dose reduction and in 5/6 control patients. In the popPK model, total body weight and eGFR were covariates for clearance and lean body weight for distribution volume. Model-based evaluations demonstrated peak levels below the therapeutic window in controls and increased levels in renal impairment. Dose reductions resulted in a different effect on peak and trough levels. Obese patients (BMI up to 32 kg/m2) had similar levels upon weight-based dosing.

Conclusion
In renal impairment, anti-Xa peak levels after dose reduction are comparable to those in controls. Weight-based dosing is suitable for obese patients. Aiming for peak levels between 0.6 and 1.0 IU/mL in these patients would result in overexposure compared to controls. Considering the association of trough levels and bleeding risk and our findings, trough monitoring seems to be a suitable parameter to identify nadroparin accumulation.
Orthopaedic Wire Debridement: A Novel Surgical Technique for Hypergranulated Burn Wounds
Authors: English Nathan Carl , Dos Passos Gary 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe burn wound healing process can be protracted due to various factors, including burn depth, infection and hypergranulation. Hypergranulation impedes epithelialisation macroscopically by preventing cellular migration across the wound bed and microscopically through cell‐to‐cell signal interferences. Debridement, which is the act of removing necrotic tissue, hypergranulation, slough and foreign debris from the wound in order to expose the underlying viable bed, can be achieved using various techniques. This aids with wound bed preparation to facilitate and expedite healing. In this article, we present a novel surgical debridement technique using a malleable orthopaedic cerclage wire for the management of a hypergranulated burn wound.