bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and comorbid depression in Alzheimer's disease in the human hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex
Authors: Slabe Zala , Balesar Rawien A. , Verwer Ronald W. H. , Van Heerikhuize Joop J. , Pechler Gwyneth A. , Zorović Maja , Hoogendijk Witte J.G. , Swaab Dick F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is involved in the stress response and may play a key role in mood disorders, but no information is available on PACAP for the human brain in relation to mood disorders.MethodsPACAP-peptide levels were determined in a major stress-response site, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), of people with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and of a unique cohort of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with and without depression, all with matched controls. The expression of PACAP-(Adcyap1mRNA) and PACAP-receptors was determined in the MDD and BD patients by qPCR in presumed target sites of PACAP in stress-related disorders, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).ResultsPACAP cell bodies and/or fibres were localised throughout the hypothalamus with differences between immunocytochemistry andin situhybridisation. In the controls, PACAP-immunoreactivity-(ir) in the PVN was higher in women than in men. PVN-PACAP-ir was higher in male BD compared to the matched male controls. In all AD patients, the PVN-PACAP-ir was lower compared to the controls, but higher in AD depressed patients compared to those without depression. There was a significant positive correlation between the Cornell depression score and PVN-PACAP-ir in all AD patients combined. In the ACC and DLPFC, alterations in mRNA expression of PACAP and its receptors were associated with mood disorders in a differential way depending on the type of mood disorder, suicide, and psychotic features.ConclusionThe results support the possibility that PACAP plays a role in mood disorder pathophysiology.
Metabolomic profiles of 38 acylcarnitines in major depressive episodes before and after treatment
Authors: Ait Tayeb Abd El Kader , Colle Romain , Chappell Kenneth , El-Asmar Khalil , Acquaviva-Bourdain Cécile , David Denis J. , Trabado Séverine , Chanson Philippe , Feve Bruno , Becquemont Laurent , Verstuyft Céline , Corruble Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMajor depression is associated with changes in plasma L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. But its association with acylcarnitines remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess metabolomic profiles of 38 acylcarnitines in patients with major depression before and after treatment compared to healthy controls (HCs).MethodsMetabolomic profiles of 38 plasma short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 893 HCs from the VARIETE cohort and 460 depressed patients from the METADAP cohort before and after 6 months of antidepressant treatment.ResultsAs compared to HCs, depressed patients had lower levels of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines. After 6 months of treatment, increased levels of medium- and long-chain acyl-carnitines were observed that no longer differed from those of controls. Accordingly, several medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were negatively correlated with depression severity.ConclusionsThese medium- and long-chain acylcarnitine dysregulations argue for mitochondrial dysfunction through fatty acid β-oxidation impairment during major depression.
Contesting the Future: Secular and Religious Time in Hobbes's Leviathan
Authors: Michaelis Loralea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article examines the peculiar fusion of secular and religious temporal orders in Hobbes's Leviathan in light of the debate between Löwith and Blumenberg over the origins of modern time consciousness. The analysis places Hobbes more securely on the side of Blumenberg by uncovering the constructive agency at work in the anxiously future-preoccupied account of human nature which distinguishes Leviathan from Hobbes's earlier works and which gives his revision of Christian eschatology its psychological coherence and rhetorical force. This interpretation of Hobbes as an early architect of modern time consciousness fills in the missing temporal pieces in Blumenberg's own engagement with Hobbes and gives the theme of temporality—of creating and securing the experience of an open future above all—the attention that it deserves in the account of Hobbes's modernity.
A review of HTA guidelines on societal and novel value elements
Authors: Breslau Rachel Milstein , Cohen Joshua T. , Diaz Jose , Malcolm Bill , Neumann Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Health technology assessment (HTA) organizations vary in terms of how they conduct assessments. We assess whether and to what extent HTA bodies have adopted societal and novel elements of value in their economic evaluations.

Methods
After categorizing “societal” and “novel” elements of value, we reviewed fifty-three HTA guidelines. We collected data on whether each guideline mentioned each societal or novel element of value, and if so, whether the guideline recommended the element’s inclusion in the base case, sensitivity analysis, or qualitative discussion in the HTA.

Results
The HTA guidelines mention on average 5.9 of the twenty-one societal and novel value elements we identified (range 0–16), including 2.3 of the ten societal elements and 3.3 of the eleven novel value elements. Only four value elements (productivity, family spillover, equity, and transportation) appear in over half of the HTA guidelines, whereas thirteen value elements are mentioned in fewer than one-sixth of the guidelines, and two elements receive no mention. Most guidelines do not recommend value element inclusion in the base case, sensitivity analysis, or qualitative discussion in the HTA.

Conclusions
Ideally, more HTA organizations will adopt guidelines for measuring societal and novel value elements, including analytic considerations. Importantly, simply recommending in guidelines that HTA bodies consider novel elements may not lead to their incorporation into assessments or ultimate decision making.
Effect of comprehensive nursing methods in postoperative ICU of children with CHD
Authors: Lin Shaoyan , Gao Qiong , He Xiaoxia , Zhao Zhirong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo explore effect of comprehensive nursing in postoperative ICU of children with CHD. The subjects were 50 cases of children with CHD treated in our hospital: 25 cases in the control group: routine nursing, and 25 cases in the observation group: comprehensive nursing intervention. The effective rate of 92.00% in the observation group was significantly higher. The serum-free calcium value (1.07 ± 0.11) mmol/L of the observation group on the first day after surgery was significantly lower, and the observation group’s creatine phosphate, the daily average dosage of creatine phosphate per unit body weight was significantly higher. 96.00% of patients in the observation group were significantly higher in nursing satisfaction. The complication rate of 8.00% in observation group was significantly lower. In order to successfully complete the operation schedule and improve the postoperative recovery effect of children, high requirements are placed on nursing staff. The comprehensive nursing method used in the postoperative ICU of children with CHD can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve nursing satisfaction.
Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Term Infants with CHD and Definitive Necrotising Enterocolitis
Authors: Deitch Anna M. , Moynihan Katie , Przybylski Robert , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Braudis Nancy J. , Farr Bethany , Modi Biren , Mills Kimberly I. , Nathan Meena , Levy Philip T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectives:To define the incidence of definitive necrotising enterocolitis in term infants with CHD and identify risk factors for morbidity/mortality.Methods:We performed a 20-year (2000–2020) single-institution retrospective cohort study of term infants with CHD admitted to the Boston Children’s Hospital cardiac ICU with necrotising enterocolitis (Bell’s stage ≥ II). The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality and post-necrotising enterocolitis morbidity (need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, multisystem organ failure based on the paediatric sequential organ failure assessment score, and/or need for acute gastrointestinal intervention). Predictors included patient characteristics, cardiac diagnosis/interventions, feeding regimen, and severity measures.Results:Of 3933 term infants with CHD, 2.1% (n = 82) developed necrotising enterocolitis, with 67% diagnosed post-cardiac intervention. Thirty (37%) met criteria for the primary outcome. In-hospital mortality occurred in 14 infants (17%), of which nine (11%) deaths were attributable to necrotising enterocolitis. Independent predictors of the primary outcome included moderate to severe systolic ventricular dysfunction (odds ratio 13.4,confidence intervals 1.13–159) and central line infections pre-necrotising enterocolitis diagnosis (odds ratio 17.7, confidence intervals 3.21–97.0) and mechanical ventilation post-necrotising enterocolitis diagnosis (odds ratio 13.5, confidence intervals 3.34–54.4). Single ventricle, ductal dependency, and feeding related factors were not independently associated with the primary outcome.Conclusions:The incidence of necrotising enterocolitis was 2.1% in term infants with CHD. Adverse outcomes occurred in greater than 30% of patients. Presence of systolic dysfunction and central line infections prior to diagnosis and need for mechanical ventilation after diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis can inform risk triage and prognostic counseling for families.
Reduced length of stay after implementation of a clinical pathway following repair of ventricular septal defect
Authors: Ogdon Tracey L. , Loomba Rohit S. , Penk Jamie S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:There is variation in care and hospital length of stay following surgical repair of ventricular septal defects. The use of clinical pathways in a variety of paediatric care settings has been shown to reduce practice variability and overall length of stay without increasing the rate of adverse events.Methods:A clinical pathway was created and used to guide care following surgical repair of ventricular septal defects. A retrospective review was done to compare patients two years prior and three years after the pathway was implemented.Results:There were 23 pre-pathway patients and 25 pathway patients. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. Univariate analysis demonstrated a significantly shorter time to initiation of enteral intake in the pathway patients (median time to first enteral intake after cardiac ICU admission was 360 minutes in pre-pathway patients and 180 minutes in pathway patients, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that the pathway use was independently associated with a decrease in time to first enteral intake (–203 minutes), hospital length of stay (–23.1 hours), and cardiac ICU length of stay (–20.5 hours). No adverse events were associated with the use of the pathway, including mortality, reintubation rate, acute kidney injury, increased bleeding from chest tube, or readmissions.Conclusions:The use of the clinical pathway improved time to initiation of enteral intake and decreased length of hospital stay. Surgery-specific pathways may decrease variability in care while also improving quality metrics.
Managing dementia care during COVID-19 pandemic: caregivers’ experiences in Odisha, India
Authors: Mahapatra Pranab , Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Desaraju Shyama , Nath Binapani , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The present study explored the family caregivers’ perspectives and elicited their experience while managing dementia care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha, India.

Background:
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted the attention of health systems away from chronic disease management and health services delivery. Psychiatric care particularly for dementia and the elderly is found to be more compromised in such situation.

Methods:
We adopted an inductive phenomenological approach to garner key insights into the care continuity for people living with dementia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telephonic in-depth interviews (IDIs) were carried out with 17 immediate caregivers. All IDIs were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analysed using a thematic approach.

Findings:
Caregivers did not perceive dementia as an overwhelming challenge; instead viewed it as a part of the ageing process. Caring for dementia was being done by family members as a collective responsibility with task-sharing. The caregivers primarily relied on their usual physician for the continuity of dementia care and took utmost precautions to prevent exposure to COVID-19 risk. However, they found it more challenging to ensure adequate care for the multiple illnesses (multimorbidity) coexisting with dementia. Towards this, they adopted all possible measures to keep the chronic conditions under control, lest the vulnerability to COVID-19 infection might heighten. The fear of visiting a hospital, prevailing restrictions in mobility, and diverted attention of health systems to pandemic containment created impediments towards maintaining multimorbidity care. The support of local administration, neighbourhood pharmacy and diagnostic laboratories and teleconsultation with the physicians were vital for care continuity. Caregivers adapted by reducing or deferring physical consultation and seeking treatment via telephonic advice of the treating physicians. Our findings suggest leveraging digitally enabled health care technology and augmenting caregiver activation for home-based dementia care to cruise through any similar catastrophic situations.
Numerical Simulations Reproduce Field Observations Showing Transient Weakening During Shear Zone Formation by Diffusional Hydrogen Influx and H2O Inflow
Authors: Kaatz L. , Schmalholz S. M. , John T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExposures on Holsnøy island (Bergen Arcs, Norway) indicate fluid infiltration through fractures into a dry, metastable granulite, which triggered a kinetically delayed eclogitization, a transient weakening during fluid‐rock interaction, and formation of shear zones that widened during shearing. It remains unclear whether the effects of grain boundary‐assisted aqueous fluid inflow on the duration of granulite hydration were influenced by a diffusional hydrogen influx accompanying the fluid inflow. To better estimate the fluid infiltration efficiencies and the parameter interdependencies, a 1D numerical model of a viscous shear zone is utilized and validated using measured mineral phase abundance distributions and H2O‐contents in nominally anhydrous minerals of the original granulite assemblage to constrain the hydration by aqueous fluid inflow and diffusional hydrogen influx, respectively. Both hydrations are described with a diffusion equation and affect the effective viscosity. Shear zone kinematics are constrained by the observed shear strain and thickness. The model fits the phase abundance and H2O‐content profiles if the effective hydrogen diffusivity is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the diffusivity for aqueous fluid inflow. The observed shear zone thickness is reproduced if the viscosity ratio between dry granulite and deforming, reequilibrating eclogite is ∼104 and that between dry granulite and hydrated granulite is ∼102. The results suggest shear velocities <10−2 cm/a, hydrogen diffusivities of ∼10−13±1 m2/s, and a shearing duration of <10 years. This study successfully links and validates field data to a shear zone model and highlights the importance of hydrogen diffusion for shear zone widening and eclogitization.
Wind Gust Parameters in the Lower Troposphere Based on Doppler Lidar Data
Authors: Zhou Xingxu , Zhang Chao , Li Yunying , Chen Zitong , Zhang Jie , Ding Xingyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWind gusts are common small‐scale weather phenomena characterized by a rapid increase in wind speed over a short period of time. Wind gusts affect a wide range of interests, including aviation safety, wind energy and professional skiing, while strong gusts can also cause severe weather events and limit visibility. However, the characteristics of gusts in the lower troposphere are not yet well understood, especially at the top of the boundary layer. In this paper, the gust parameters in the lower atmosphere at different heights and their diurnal variation characteristics are examined based on Doppler lidar data from the gentle coastal topography of Shandong Province, China. The results show that all the gust parameters have distinct stratification characteristics, with significantly different diurnal variations below 400 m, between 400 and 1,200 m, and above 1,200 m (above the ground, same below). Wind gusts are considered to be the result of turbulent disturbances superimposed on the background airflow, and strong turbulence could cause the instantaneous winds to significantly deviate from the mean airflow. The magnitude of the peak gust is mainly controlled by the mean flow, but the gust factor, which is the ratio of the peak gust to the mean flow, is almost independent of the mean flow and has a strong positive correlation with the turbulence intensity. These results imply that gusts of different properties occur at varying altitudes, with differences depending on turbulence intensity and mean airflow, and provide an observational basis for studies of gust structure.
Adolescent exposure to the Spice/K2 cannabinoid JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor gating and alters cortical perineuronal nets in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Izquierdo-Luengo Cristina , Ten-Blanco Marc , Ponce-Renilla María , Perezzan Ramiro , Pereda-Pérez Inmaculada , Berrendero Fernando 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe consumption of synthetic cannabinoids during adolescence is reported to be a risk factor for the appearance of psychiatric disorders later in life. JWH-018 was identified as one of the primary psychoactive components present in Spice/K2 preparations. This study evaluated the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to JWH-018 during the adolescence in anxiety-like behavior, fear extinction, and sensorimotor gating in male and female mice. Alterations in anxiety varied depending on the time interval between treatment and behavioral analysis along with sex, while no changes were observed in the extinction of fear memory. A decrease in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex was revealed in male, but not female, mice at short- and long-term. This behavioral disturbance was associated with a reduction in the number of perineuronal nets in the prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex in the short-term. Furthermore, adolescent exposure to JWH-018 induced an activation of microglia and astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex of male mice at both time intervals. A transitory decrease in the expression of GAD67 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex was also found in male mice exposed to JWH-018. These data reveal that the treatment with JWH-018 during the adolescence leads to long-lasting neurobiological changes related to psychotic-like symptoms, which were sex-dependent.
Systematic evaluation of a predator stress model of depression in mice using a hierarchical 3D-motion learning framework
Authors: Tseng Yu-Ting , Zhao Binghao , Ding Hui , Liang Lisha , Schaefke Bernhard , Wang Liping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigation of the neurobiology of depression in humans depends on animal models that attempt to mimic specific features of the human disorder. However, frequently-used paradigms based on social stress cannot be easily applied to female mice which has led to a large sex bias in preclinical studies of depression. Furthermore, most studies focus on one or only a few behavioral assessments, with time and practical considerations prohibiting a comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we demonstrate that predator stress effectively induced depression-like behaviors in both male and female mice. By comparing predator stress and social defeat models, we observed that the former elicited a higher level of behavioral despair and the latter elicited more robust social avoidance. Furthermore, the use of machine learning (ML)-based spontaneous behavioral classification can distinguish mice subjected to one type of stress from another, and from non-stressed mice. We show that related patterns of spontaneous behaviors correspond to depression status as measured by canonical depression-like behaviors, which illustrates that depression-like symptoms can be predicted by ML-classified behavior patterns. Overall, our study confirms that the predator stress induced phenotype in mice is a good reflection of several important aspects of depression in humans and illustrates that ML-supported analysis can simultaneously evaluate multiple behavioral alterations in different animal models of depression, providing a more unbiased and holistic approach for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Ultra-strong tungsten refractory high-entropy alloy via stepwise controllable coherent nanoprecipitations
Authors: Li Tong , Liu Tianwei , Zhao Shiteng , Chen Yan , Luan Junhua , Jiao Zengbao , Ritchie Robert O. , Dai Lanhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh-performance refractory alloys with ultrahigh strength and ductility are in demand for a wide range of critical applications, such as plasma-facing components. However, it remains challenging to increase the strength of these alloys without seriously compromising their tensile ductility. Here, we put forward a strategy to “defeat” this trade-off in tungsten refractory high-entropy alloys by stepwise controllable coherent nanoprecipitations (SCCPs). The coherent interfaces of SCCPs facilitate the dislocation transmission and relieve the stress concentrations that can lead to premature crack initiation. As a consequence, our alloy displays an ultrahigh strength of 2.15 GPa with a tensile ductility of 15% at ambient temperature, with a high yield strength of 1.05 GPa at 800 °C. The SCCPs design concept may afford a means to develop a wide range of ultrahigh-strength metallic materials by providing a pathway for alloy design.
Compact A15 Frank-Kasper nano-phases at the origin of dislocation loops in face-centred cubic metals
Authors: Goryaeva Alexandra M. , Domain Christophe , Chartier Alain , Dézaphie Alexandre , Swinburne Thomas D. , Ma Kan , Loyer-Prost Marie , Creuze Jérôme , Marinica Mihai-Cosmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is generally considered that the elementary building blocks of defects in face-centred cubic (fcc) metals, e.g., interstitial dumbbells, coalesce directly into ever larger 2D dislocation loops, implying a continuous coarsening process. Here, we reveal that, prior to the formation of dislocation loops, interstitial atoms in fcc metals cluster into compact 3D inclusions of A15 Frank-Kasper phase. After reaching the critical size, A15 nano-phase inclusions act as a source of prismatic or faulted dislocation loops, dependent on the energy landscape of the host material. Using cutting-edge atomistic simulations we demonstrate this scenario in Al, Cu, and Ni. Our results explain the enigmatic 3D cluster structures observed in experiments combining diffuse X-ray scattering and resistivity recovery. Formation of compact nano-phase inclusions in fcc structure, along with previous observations in bcc structure, suggests that the fundamental mechanisms of interstitial defect formation are more complex than historically assumed and require a general revision. Interstitial-mediated formation of compact 3D precipitates can be a generic phenomenon, which should be further explored in systems with different crystallographic lattices.