bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Perawat Dalam Pemilahan Limbah Medis Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sundari Medan
Authors: Rangkuti Dyna Safitri Rakhelmi , Tarigan Andini Mentari , Amelia Tiwi 
Published: February 2023

Latar Belakang; Rumah Sakit Umum Sundari Medan setiap tahunnya menghasilkan 762kg limbah medis dan ruang rawat inap adalah tempat yang paling banyak menghasilkan limbah medis. Perawat melakukan pemilahan limbah medis baik infeksius maupun non infeksius belum sesuai ketentuan, hal itu diduga disebabkan oleh faktor pengetahuan, masa kerja, sikap, ketersediaan fasilitas serta penerapan sanksi yang kurang tegas. Tujuan; penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku perawat dalam pemilahan limbah medis. Metode; Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sebanyak 52 perawat rawat inap dan seluruhnya dijadikan sample penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil; penelitian menunjukkan faktor pengetahuan nilai (0,03<0,05), masa kerja (0,043<0,05), sikap (0,035<0,05), ketersediaan fasilitas (0,025<0,05), ketersediaan informasi (0,032<0,05), kebijakan (0,018<0,05), berpengaruh terhadap perilaku dalam pemilahan limbah medis karena lebih kecil dari 0,05, serta faktor pendidikan (0,249<0,05) tidak berpengaruh. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah kebijakan dengan nilai Sig. 0,018. Kesimpulan; dalam penelitian ini bahwa pengetahuan, masa kerja, sikap, ketersediaan fasilitas, ketersediaan informasi, kebijakan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku perawat dalam pemilahan limbah medis sedangkan pendidikan tidak berpengaruh. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah kebijakan. Saran untuk pihak rumah sakit agar membuat serta menerapkan sanksi terhadap perawat yang tidak melaksanakan pemilahan limbah medis sesuai dengan prosedur, rumah sakit menyelenggarakan pelatihan/sosialisasi secara berkelanjutan, mengevaluasi setiap bulannya serta menambah jumlah sarana prasarana pemilahan limbah medis.
WASTEWATER REUSE FOR URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE: WHY IT'S NOT HAPPENING SOON
Authors: N. K. Fidelis , M. K. Winnie , W. K. Joyce , K. Juliana , K. Daniel , M. Scholastica , M. Catherine 
Published: February 2023

Urban and peri urban agriculture (UPA) forms a key component of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) special program for food security. UPA is widely upheld as a possible solution to the increased food insecurity which is linked to urban population expansion. In developing economies such as Kenya, increased urban population is highly pronounced unlike in other developed economies. This is attributed to high birth rates, and the increasing rural-urban migration, leading to expansion of urban slums with high levels of urban poverty, unemployment, food insecurity and malnutrition. With UPA seen as an opportunity for improving food supply, local economy, health conditions and environmental sustainability, it's imperative to adopt such measures. However, limited sources of water in the urban cities are seen to limit pervasiveness of UPA despite its well-known benefits. In this study, investigation of the potential for an eco-friendlily UPA (EcoUPA) was carried out in Nairobi Kenya. Using stratified random sampling to identify respondents, carrying out field surveys and administering questionnaires to establish the existing water sources, wastewater treatment systems and the utilization of these systems for reuse of the wastewater. Further, the satisfaction levels of the respondents with their wastewater treatment systems, their openness to change, and the methods preferable to them were also determined. From the study, it was determined out of 300 respondents interviewed only 66 (22%) re-used wastewater and only 54 of them reused it for crops production. Ninety - eight (33%) of respondent were interested in getting information on wastewater treatment systems that allow reuse of water and 124 (41%) respondents were willing to pay for the new system.
TOI-5205b: A Short-period Jovian Planet Transiting a Mid-M Dwarf
Authors: Kanodia Shubham , Mahadevan Suvrath , Libby-Roberts Jessica , Stefansson Gudmundur , Cañas Caleb I. , Piette Anjali A. A. , Boss Alan , Teske Johanna , Chambers John , Zeimann Greg , Monson Andrew , Robertson Paul , Ninan Joe P. , Lin Andrea S. J. , Bender Chad F. , Cochran William D. , Diddams Scott A. , Gupta Arvind F. , Halverson Samuel , Hawley Suzanne , Kobulnicky Henry A. , Metcalf Andrew J. , Parker Brock A. , Powers Luke , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Swaby Tera N. , Terrien Ryan C. , Wisniewski John 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present the discovery of TOI-5205b, a transiting Jovian planet orbiting a solar metallicity M4V star, which was discovered using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and then confirmed using a combination of precise radial velocities, ground-based photometry, spectra, and speckle imaging. TOI-5205b has one of the highest mass ratios for M-dwarf planets, with a mass ratio of almost 0.3%, as it orbits a host star that is just 0.392 ± 0.015 M
⊙. Its planetary radius is 1.03 ± 0.03 R
J, while the mass is 1.08 ± 0.06 M
J. Additionally, the large size of the planet orbiting a small star results in a transit depth of ∼7%, making it one of the deepest transits of a confirmed exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star. The large transit depth makes TOI-5205b a compelling target to probe its atmospheric properties, as a means of tracing the potential formation pathways. While there have been radial-velocity-only discoveries of giant planets around mid-M dwarfs, this is the first transiting Jupiter with a mass measurement discovered around such a low-mass host star. The high mass of TOI-5205b stretches conventional theories of planet formation and disk scaling relations that cannot easily recreate the conditions required to form such planets.
The Influence of β-decay Rates on r-process Observables
Authors: Lund Kelsey A. , Engel J. , McLaughlin G. C. , Mumpower M. R. , Ney E. M. , Surman R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rapid neutron capture process (r-process) is one of the main mechanisms whereby elements heavier than iron are synthesized, and is entirely responsible for the natural production of the actinides. Kilonova emissions are modeled as being largely powered by the radioactive decay of species synthesized via the r-process. Given that the r-process occurs far from nuclear stability, unmeasured beta-decay rates play an essential role in setting the timescale for the r-process. In an effort to better understand the sensitivity of kilonova modeling to different theoretical global beta-decay descriptions, we incorporate these into nucleosynthesis calculations. We compare the results of these calculations and highlight differences in kilonova nuclear energy generation and light-curve predictions, as well as final abundances and their implications for nuclear cosmochronometry. We investigate scenarios where differences in beta-decay rates are responsible for increased nuclear heating on timescales of days that propagates into a significantly increased average bolometric luminosity between 1 and 10 days post-merger. We identify key nuclei, both measured and unmeasured, whose decay rates directly impact nuclear heating generation on timescales responsible for light-curve evolution. We also find that uncertainties in beta-decay rates significantly impact age estimates from cosmochronometry.
The Complex X-Ray Obscuration Environment in the Radio-loud Type 2 Quasar 3C 223
Authors: LaMassa Stephanie M. , Yaqoob Tahir , Tzanavaris Panayiotis , Gandhi Poshak , Heckman Timothy , Lansbury George , Siemiginowska Aneta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
3C 223 is a radio-loud, Type 2 quasar at z = 0.1365 with an intriguing X-ray Multi-mirror Mission (XMM)-Newton spectrum that implicated it as a rare, Compton-thick (N
H ≳ 1.25 × 1024 cm−2) active galactic nucleus (AGN). We obtained contemporaneous XMM-Newton and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) spectra to fit the broadband X-ray spectrum with the physically motivated MYTorus and borus02 models. We confirm earlier results that the obscuring gas is patchy with both high (though not Compton-thick) levels of obscuration (N
H > 1023 cm−2) and gas clouds with column densities up to an order of magnitude lower. The spectral fitting results indicate additional physical processes beyond those modeled in the spectral grids of MYTorus and borus02 impact the emergent spectrum: the Compton-scattering region may be extended beyond the putative torus; a ring of heavy Compton-thick material blocks most X-ray emission along the line of sight; or the radio jet is beamed, boosting the production of Fe Kα line photons in the global medium compared with what is observed along the line of sight. We revisit a recent claim that no radio-loud Compton-thick AGN have yet been conclusively shown to exist, finding three reported cases of radio-loud AGN with global average (but not line-of-sight) column densities that are Compton thick. Now that it is possible to separately determine line-of-sight and global column densities, inhomogeneity in the obscuring medium has consequences for how we interpet the spectrum and classify an AGN as “Compton thick.”
Curvature of the Spectral Energy Distribution, Compton Dominance, and Synchrotron Peak Frequency in Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Chen 陈 Yongyun 永云 , Gu 顾 Qiusheng 秋生 , Fan 樊 Junhui 军辉 , Yu 俞 Xiaoling 效龄 , Ding 丁 Nan 楠 , Xiong 熊 Dingrong 定荣 , Guo 郭 Xiaotong 晓通 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We collect a large sample with a reliable redshift detected by the Fermi satellite after 10 yr of data (4FGL-DR2), including blazars, gamma-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (γNLS1s), and radio galaxies. The spectral energy distributions of these Fermi sources are fitted by using a second-degree polynomial, and some important parameters including spectral curvature, synchrotron peak frequency, and peak luminosity are obtained. Based on those parameters, we discuss the Fermi blazar sequence and the particle acceleration mechanism. Our main results are as follows: (i) By studying the relationship between the synchrotron peak frequency and the synchrotron peak frequency luminosity, jet kinetic power, and gamma-ray luminosity for jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we find an “L” shape in the Fermi blazar sequence. (ii) There is a significant anticorrelation between the Compton dominance, the black hole spin, and the synchrotron peak frequency for jetted AGNs, respectively. These results support that the γNLS1s and radio galaxies belong to the Fermi blazar sequence. (iii) On the basis of previous work, statistical or stochastic acceleration mechanisms can be used to explain the relationship between the synchrotron peak frequency and synchrotron curvature. For different subclasses, the correlation slopes are different, which implies that the Fermi sources of different subclasses have different acceleration mechanisms. (iv) Flat-spectrum radio quasars and γNLS1s have a higher median spin of a black hole than BL Lac objects and radio galaxies.
In Situ Star Formation in Accretion Disks and Explanation of Correlation between the Black Hole Mass and Metallicity in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Fan Xiao , Wu Qingwen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent observations show that the metallicity Z
BLR of the broad-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is solar to supersolar, which is positively correlated with the mass of supermassive black holes (M
BH) and does not evolve with the redshift up to z ∼ 7. We revisit the M
BH−Z
BLR correlation with more AGNs with M
BH ∼ 106–8
M
⊙ and find that the positive correlation becomes flat in the low-mass range. It is known that the outer part of accretion disks is gravitationally unstable and can fragment into stars. Considering the star formation and supernovae in the outer AGN disk, we calculate the metal enrichment and find that the positive M
BH−Z
BLR correlation can be roughly reproduced if the stellar mass distribution is “top heavy.” We find that the observed BLR size is more or less similar to the self-gravity radius of the AGN disk, which suggests that the BLR may be closely correlated with the underlying accretion process.
Mutations in Plasmodium knowlesi Kelch protein 13 and the dihydropteroate synthase gene in clinical samples
Authors: Saif Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To determine the genetic diversity, natural selection and mutations in Plasmodium (P.) knowlesi drug resistant molecular markers Kelch 13 and dhps gene in clinical samples of Malaysia.

Methods:

P. knowlesi full-length gene sequences Kelch 13 gene (PkK13) from 40 samples and dhps gene from 30 samples originating from Malaysian Borneo were retrieved from public databases. Genetic diversity, natural selection, and phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences were analysed using DNAsp v5.10 and MEGA v5.2.

Results:
Seventy-two single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) across the full-length PkK13 gene (63 synonymous substitutions and 9 non-synonymous substitutions) with nucleotide diversity of π~0.005 was observed. Analysis of the full-length Pkdhps gene revealed 73 SNPs and π~0.006 (44 synonymous substitutions and 29 non-synonymous substitutions). A high number of haplotypes (PkK13; H=37 and Pkdhps; H=29) with haplotype diversity of Hd ~0.99 were found in both genes, indicating population expansion. Nine mutant alleles were identified in PkK13 amino acid alignment of which, 7 (Asp3Glu, Lys50Gln, Lys53Glu, Ser123Thr, Ser127Pro, Ser149Thr and Ala169Thr) were within the Plasmodium specific domain, 2 (VaI372Ile and Lys424Asn) were in the BTB/POZ domain and no mutation was observed within the kelch propeller domain. The 29 non-synonymous mutations in the Pkdhps gene were novel and only presented in exon 1 and 2.

Conclusions:
Monitoring the mutations from clinical samples collected from all states of Malaysia along with clinical efficacy studies will be necessary to determine the drug resistance in P. knowlesi.
Molecular epidemiology of piliated pneumococcal isolates at a major tertiary hospital in the Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Dzaraly Nurul Diana , Desa Mohd Nasir Mohd , Muthanna AbdulRahman , Masri Siti Norbaya , Taib Niazlin Mohd , Baharin Nurul Hana Zainal , Sulaiman Nurshahira , Rahman Nurul Asyikin Abdul , Palanisamy Navindra Kumari , Suhaili Zarizal , Yusuff Semiat Opeyemi , Rahman Nor Iza A. , Soh Tuan Suhaila Tuan , Abdullah8 Fatimah Haslina 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To characterise a collection of pili-carrying and none pili-carrying pneumococcal isolates of clinical origin for serotypes, antibiotic resistance and genotype.

Methods:
In total, 42 clinical isolates were collected between October 2017 and December 2019. Those isolates were analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, detection of pneumococcal virulence and pilus genes. Multilocus sequence typing was performed only for piliated isolates, followed by phylogenetic analysis.

Results:
The common isolation sites among the pneumococcal isolates were tracheal aspirate (28.6%), blood (26.2%), and sputum (23.8%). Fifty percent isolates were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline (50.0%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (43.0%). The most frequent were serotypes 19F (28.6%), 6A/B (23.8%) and 19A (14.3%). Piliated isolates were detected in a small proportion (33.3%); 64.3% were multidrug-resistant. ST320 was the prevalent sequence type among the piliated isolates and genetically related to the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network clones Taiwan19F-14 (CC271). In the phylogenetic analysis, some piliated isolates showed a close association having similar ST320, carrying serotype 19A and both pilus genes indicating their clonal spread.

Conclusions:
Pneumococcal lineages of piliated isolates have been globally disseminated and pili could have played a role in the spread of antibiotic resistant clones.
A Comparative Study of Conventional Cold Dissection and Coblation Method of Tonsillectomy
Authors: Nelson Jyolsna , Varghese Nevil , Joseph Andrews Chakramakal , Menon Arjun Gopinathan , Antony Rosemol 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Various tonsillectomy techniques are available to improve intraoperative and postoperative morbidity. Conventional cold dissection tonsillectomy is a time-tested technique while coblation tonsillectomy is a relatively newer method. This study aimed to compare the difference in intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and the surgical time between cold dissection and the coblation method of tonsillectomy.

Methodology:
We performed a comparative study among patients (4–35 years) who underwent tonsillectomy either by conventional cold dissection or by coblation method by the same surgeon. Intraoperative parameters such as surgical time and hemorrhage; postoperative parameters such as hemorrhage, pain (using pain score at 6th h, 1st, and 7th postoperative day), healing of tonsillar fossa (percentage of slough covered area), and return to normal diet were determined.

Results:
Surgical time for the coblation method (26.42 min) was significantly (P = 0.002) less than the conventional method (34.88 min). Similarly, intraoperative blood loss was significantly less for the coblation method when compared to the conventional method (7.3 ml vs. 18.5 ml, respectively, P < 0.001). The postoperative pain on the 1st day was significantly less in the coblation technique than in the conventional method (score 4.42 vs. 5.73, respectively, P = 0.001). Slough covered area on the tonsillar fossa on the 1st postoperative day was significantly more in the coblation technique than the conventional method (67% vs. 51%, respectively, P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage and resumption of diet.

Conclusion:
Coblation tonsillectomy is superior to conventional tonsillectomy in terms of surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative pain.
Adjustment disorder among first year medical students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2020
Authors: Alhussain Fahad A. , Onayq Abdulhakim I. Bin , Ismail Dawood H. , Alduayj Mohammed A. , Alawbathani Turki A. , Aljaffer Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
The general health and well-being of medical students has become a matter of concern, as medical students have higher levels of stress than their nonmedical peers. Long-standing stress may lead to serious outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, poor quality of life, or adjustment disorders. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of first year medical students who have adjustment disorder and explore possible risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among all first-year medical students at King Saud University, College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia. The adjustment disorder-new model 20 (ADNM-20) was used to assess adjustment disorder with the stressor and item lists. The item list scores were summed and a cutoff point >47.5 was designated as a high risk of developing the disorder. Descriptive analysis included computing mean and standard deviation for continuous variable while frequency and percentages for categorical variables. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis determined risk factors for having an adjustment disorder and the stress of attending a medical school.

RESULTS:
The study enrolled 267 students but only 128 completed the ADNM-20 survey. Out of 267 students, the most commonly reported recent stressor was too much/too little work, and 52.8% reported having difficulty in meeting deadlines. The most common core symptom expressed by the medical students was avoidance behavior with a mean score of 10.91 ± 3.12, followed by preoccupation with stressors with a mean score of 10.66 ± 3.10. The factors significantly associated with having adjustment disorder were being female, younger age, recent illness of a loved one, having family conflicts, and having too much or too little work.

CONCLUSION:
First year medical students are at increased risk of adjustment disorder. Screening and awareness programs may be considered for preventing adjustment disorder. Increased student-staff interactions may provide support to adapt to their new environment and help reduce social adjustment difficulties.
The Prevalence, Classification, and Potential Clinical Implications of Anatomical Variations of First Cervical Vertebra
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Yadav Swati , Pasricha Navbir , Narayan Shamrendra 
Published: February 2023

Background:
First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features than other cervical vertebrae. It holds globe of skull and lacks body and spine. It is composed of 2 lateral masses linked by anterior and posterior arches. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is attached to posterior arch whose lateral edge sometimes ossifies thus converting groove into canal. Consequently, neurovascular groove gets converted into a bony ring “ponticulus posticus”. It can cause of neck pain and headache. Knowledge of this variation is important during various orthopedic procedures involving atlas including C1 lateral mass screw placement. Congenital defects of atlantal arch a developmental failure of chondrogenesis is a rare anomaly. These defects are a benign variation discovered incidentally. Detection of these anomalies is clinically important as they can cause acute neurologic deficits, which is associated with neck extension.

Study was done:
To determine the prevalence of Ponticulus Posticus and to report the frequency of various types of congenital malformations of the atlantal arch.

Methodology:
250 computerized tomography (CT) head and neck in axial and sagittal sections from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of Dr RMLIMS, Lucknow was studied as CT is the best method to study the bony landmarks and any anomaly. Prevalence of variations was calculated. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 by Chi-square test.

Result:
Prevalence of ponticulus posticus was 32.4%. Males had higher prevalence (20.4%) than females (12%). Incomplete ponticulus posticus (24.4%) was more than complete variant (8%). There was predominance of left sided ponticulus posticus(12% vs 8.4%) Deficient posterior arch was found in 9(3.6%) cases. 6 were of type A 3 were of type B.

Conclusion:
This study will help in determining cause of neurological deficit in patients due to presence of above variations.