bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A remarkably stable accretion disc in the Seyfert galaxy MCG-5-23-16
Authors: Serafinelli Roberto , Marinucci Andrea , De Rosa Alessandra , Bianchi Stefano , Middei Riccardo , Matt Giorgio , Reeves James N , Braito Valentina , Tombesi Francesco , Gianolli Vittoria E , Ingram Adam , Marin Frédéric , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Tagliacozzo Daniele , Ursini Francesco 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
MCG-5-23-16 is a Seyfert 1.9 galaxy at redshift z = 0.008 49. We analyse here the X-ray spectra obtained with X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM)-Newton and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) data, which are the first contemporaneous observations with these two X-ray telescopes. Two reflection features, producing a narrow core and a broad component of the Fe Kα, are clearly detected in the data. The analysis of the broad iron line shows evidence of a truncated disc with inner radius $R_{\rm in}=40^{+23}_{-16}$Rg and an inclination of $41^{+9}_{-10}$°. The high quality of the NuSTAR observations allows us to measure a high-energy cut-off at $E_{\rm cut}=131^{+10}_{-9}$ keV. We also analyse the reflection grating spectrometer spectrum, finding that the soft X-ray emission is produced by two photoionized plasma emission regions, with different ionization parameters and similar column densities. Remarkably, the source only shows moderate continuum flux variability, keeping the spectral shape roughly constant in a time-scale of ∼20 yr.
Statistical X-ray analysis of gamma-ray-emitting radio galaxies
Authors: Matake Hiroto , Fukazawa Yasushi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We systematically analyzed Swift/XRT X-ray data of gamma-ray-emitting radio galaxies (RGs) to study the origin of X-ray radiation. We studied the short-duration variability of spectra by using Swift/XRT data for 20 RGs. We found that gamma-ray-emitting RGs with a higher gamma-ray-to-X-ray flux ratio show a strong harder-when-brighter behavior. In addition, gamma-ray-emitting RGs with soft gamma-ray spectral index tend to have a hard X-ray spectral index and vice versa. Based on these properties, we imply a trend that gamma-ray-emitting RGs could be roughly classified into three types of X-ray emission: jet-dominated type, disk/corona-dominated type, and intermediate type. This classification is quite consistent with the optical and radio classification of RGs. In addition, we also discuss this result in terms of the Eddington luminosity ratio. These interpretations should be confirmed using larger samples of RGs in the future.
Rapid analysis of 226Ra in ultrapure gadolinium sulfate octahydrate
Authors: Sakakieda Y , Hosokawa K , Nakanishi F , Hino Y , Inome Y , Sakaguchi A , Takaku Y , Yamasaki S , Sueki K , Ikeda M , Sekiya H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Numerous particle physics experiments utilize gadolinium (Gd), a rare earth element with the most significant neutron capture cross-section among all elements, to detect anti-neutrinos via inverse beta decays or to remove neutron-induced background events. For example, to load Gd into water Cherenkov detectors, Gd2(SO4)3 · 8H2O is dissolved and rare event search experiments are required to screen for radioactive impurities in Gd2(SO4)3 · 8H2O before dissolution. This study developed a new method to rapidly measure the radium-226 (226Ra) concentration in Gd2(SO4)3 · 8H2O. This method requires only 3 days to measure a batch of samples, as opposed to the usual method using high-purity germanium detectors, which takes approximately 20 days after arrival. The detection limit for the measurement of 226Ra concentration in Gd2(SO4)3 · 8H2O is 0.43 mBq/kg. This method has been already used for Gd2(SO4)3 · 8H2O screening at the Super-Kamiokande Gd (SK-Gd) project, and it can be applied to future experiments.
A silicon photomultiplier based compact gamma spectrometer for environmental gamma radiation monitoring networks
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , Mitra Pratip , Kumar Amit , Tyagi Mohit , Kumar Aerattukkara Vinod , Topkar Anita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the details of the development and performance characterisation of a compact, low-power gamma spectrometer for environmental gamma radiation monitoring networks are presented. To reduce the power consumption and the size of the spectrometer, a gamma detector comprising a silicon photomultiplier coupled to a Gd3Ga3Al2O12:Ce,B (GGAG:Ce,B) scintillator has been used for gamma spectrometry. Initially, a Monte Carlo simulation study was carried out to verify the suitability of the 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm GGAG:Ce,B crystal for spectrometry of gamma sources in the energy range 60–1332 keV. For minimising the power consumption, the signal processing electronics has been custom designed. This electronics was realised using standard off-the-shelf components to reduce the cost. The developed spectrometer is of size 16 cm × 10 cm × 6 cm, weighs 600 g and consumes 600 mW power. The spectrometer is developed such that it could be directly interfaced with GSM/Xbee for wireless communication with the radiation monitoring networks. The lower-level discriminator threshold of the system is 40 keV and the total electronic noise is &lt;20 keV. The experimentally measured sensitivity of the spectrometer for 137Cs (662 keV) is 2.4 cps/μGy/h at 3.5 V overvoltage. The spectrometer offers excellent linearity over the measured energy range of 60–1332 keV and an energy resolution of ~10% for 662 keV gamma-ray at room temperature.
Attitudes Towards Standardization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells—A Qualitative Exploration of Expert Views
Authors: Wilson Alison J , Brown Nik , Rand Emma , Genever Paul G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pharmacopoeial standards ensure quality control of established medicines. It is widely believed that translation of cell therapy medicines will be facilitated by defining and adopting relevant standards. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used extensively for multiple indications in regenerative medicine. They are highly heterogeneous in terms of their biological characteristics and their mechanisms of action, making standardization a challenging undertaking. Furthermore, the use of MSCs in therapy appears to attract diverse views, ranging from concern and caution to enthusiastic positivity. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 expert stakeholders from academia, industry, regulatory agencies, non-governmental organizations and clinicians to explore their views, experiences, recommendations, and concerns regarding standardization of MSCs. Qualitative thematic analysis of transcribed records led to development of a consensus framework, which identified 5 key themes to facilitate exploration of the interviews’ content.
On the basis of our findings, we conclude that (1) there is undoubtedly an appetite for standardization, particularly in development of assays that enable comparison or benchmarking across manufacturers, processes, and cell sources; (2) stakeholder groups are not homogeneous in their concerns and attitudes; (3) careful consideration must be given to the points along the development timeline at which different standardization approaches could be beneficial; and (4) the roles of standards could be promoted further for specific aspects of advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) development and regulation such as qualification of decentralized manufacturing sites. A unified cross-stakeholder approach will help to advance MSC therapeutics and other cell therapy medicines.
Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block for Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Authors: She Huiyu , Qin Yifan , Peng Wenrui , Zhou Yali , Dai Ying , Wang Yiting , Jiang Peng , Wu Jin 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the perioperative analgesic effects of anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).

Methods:
One hundred patients undergoing TLH were randomized to receive an anterior QLB or placebo before general anesthesia. The primary and secondary outcomes were postoperative sufentanil consumption, intraoperative remifentanil demand, time to first opioid demand, numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and complications within 24 h after surgery.

Results:
No significant intergroup differences were observed in sufentanil consumption within 24 hours after surgery. Remifentanil consumption during surgery was lower in the QLB group than that in the placebo group. At 1 h after surgery, the NRS scores of abdominal visceral pain at rest and during activity were 1.26 and 1.41 points lower than those in the placebo group. In other time points, the differences of abdominal visceral pain were neither statistically significant nor clinically significant (pain difference <1) or both. No significant differences in NRS scores of shoulder pain, abdominal incisional pain and perineal pain were observed between the two groups, no matter at rest or during activity. There were no significant differences in other secondary outcome variables between the two groups.

Discussion:
Preoperative bilateral anterior QLB only reduced intraoperative opioid demand and postoperative abdominal visceral pain scores at 1 h after surgery. The clinical significance of anterior QLB in TLH may be limited.
Failure of Fixation in Trochanteric Hip Fractures: Does Nail Design Matter?
Authors: Davidson Amit , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of patients with trochanteric hip fractures treated with specific different cephalomedullary nail (CMN) designs.

Methods:
A scoping review of the English literature was performed. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing perioperative and postoperative outcomes of trochanteric hip fractures fixated by CMNs for one of the following CMN designs: short versus long nails, blade versus screw fixation, dual versus single lag screw fixation, and application of cement augmentation. Inclusion criteria consisted of human comparative clinical trials (randomized and observational). Exclusion criteria included noncomparative studies, studies comparing CMN with non-CMN devices or with arthroplasty, studies with less than 3 months follow-up, studies that did not provide relevant clinical outcome measures, biomechanical, finite element analyses, animal, or in vitro publications. Data regarding reoperations, peri-implant fractures, mechanical failure, nonunion, infection rates, and functional outcomes were reviewed.

Results:
Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and formed the basis of this study. Failure of fixation rates and reoperation rates for each of the nail designs selected for evaluation is presented, in addition to specific outcome measures relevant to that nail design which was explored: peri-implant fracture—short versus long nails, and specific mechanism of failure—blade versus plate.

Conclusions:
Decreased failure of fixation and reoperations rates were found for integrated dual lag screw fixation. Similar fixation failure and reoperation rates were found for the long versus short nails and for blade versus screw fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic, Level IV.
Trust But Verify: Design Differences in The Prevention of Targeting Errors in Cephalomedullary Nails
Authors: Klima Matthew L. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate insertional damage on explanted cephalomedullary nails and to differentiate typical from atypical wear to characterize outliers.

Design:
Therapeutic.

Setting:
Level II trauma center.

Participants:
Patients who underwent removal of an implanted cephalomedullary nail for any reason from 2015 to 2023.

Methods:
Inspection of implants was performed at ×1000 magnification with a light microscope. Benchtop testing was performed with Gamma3, Gamma4, Intertan, TFN, and TFNa instrumentation.

Results:
One hundred nine cephalomedullary nails were inspected. Insertional damage was observed in more than 95% of the implants recovered. In 34% (37 of 109) of implants, damage to the proximal aperture was severe enough to cause a chamfer or “notch.” Chamfers were also encountered along the distal locking aperture in short stem implants in 44% (19 of 43). Guidewire chamfers to the proximal implant external to the aperture and damage to preinserted set screws were outliers. Evidence of set screw fracture or deformity was encountered in 12 specimens. Four anomalous set screw variants were encountered within 1 implant design, each variant exhibiting maltracking with deployment that could result in malfunction.

Conclusions:
Insertional damage to cephalomedullary implants was encountered routinely among the explants and should not always be categorized as preventable surgical error. Surgeons should be familiar with technical and design factors that contribute to chamfering of implants to reduce failures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic, Level III
Defining Cephalomedullary Nail Breakage Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lambers Anton Philip , D'Alessandro Peter , Yates Piers 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To establish the background rate of breakage of cephalomedullary nails.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched on April 3, 2023.

Study Selection:
All English-language studies that examined trochanteric with or without subtrochanteric fractures and identified cephalomedullary nail breakage as an outcome measure and a breakage rate could be derived were included. Implants captured were predominantly the TFNA, TFN, and PFN by DePuy Synthes, various versions of the Gamma nail by Stryker, the Zimmer Natural Nail by Zimmer Biomet, and the Intertan by Smith and Nephew.

Data Extraction:
The author, year of publication, dates of implant insertion, study design, method of detection of breakages, implant used, number of implant breakages, number of implants inserted, breakage rate, and follow-up were extracted.

Data Synthesis:
Meta-analysis of included studies used descriptive nonparametric statistics and a noncomparative proportion for the pooled result. Differences in results between study design types were compared using the mean breakage rate per study design.

Conclusions:
Cephalomedullary nail breakage is a rare complication with a median reported rate of 0.6% and a pooled result rate of 0.4%. Ninety-five percent of studies had a breakage rate of 1.3% or less, which sets a benchmark from the reported literature for future studies. There is wide variability in rates of breakage reported between different types of study designs with single-center review studies reporting breakage rates nearly 4-fold greater than large-scale administrative database reviews. The rate of implant breakage should not be used in isolation to judge an implant's performance.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Stability of Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures
Authors: Ricci William M. 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
The stability of intertrochanteric fractures depends upon multiple factors including the fracture displacement, location and pattern, the type of fixation used for stabilization, and the loading that the fracture undergoes postfixation. Traditional classification systems are of limited utility because they typically stratify intertrochanteric fractures as stable or unstable based purely on the fracture pattern without consideration of the stability after fixation. Biomechanical studies evaluating the stability of various fixation constructs should include physiologic loading, including rotation around the axis of the femoral neck, and reproduce clinical failure modes to be clinically relevant. A growing body of evidence indicates that the type of fixation substantially affects postoperative stability of intertrochanteric fractures.
Navigating the Ethical Landmines of ChatGPT: Implications of Intelligent Chatbots in Plastic Surgery Clinical Practice
Authors: Oleck Nicholas C. , Naga Hani I. , Nichols D. Spencer , Morris Miranda X. , Dhingra Bhuwan , Patel Ash 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
ChatGPT is a cutting-edge language model developed by OpenAI with the potential to impact all facets of plastic surgery from research to clinical practice. New applications for ChatGPT are emerging at a rapid pace in both the scientific literature and popular media. It is important for clinicians to understand the capabilities and limitations of these tools before patient-facing implementation. In this article, the authors explore some of the technical details behind ChatGPT: what it is, and what it is not. As with any emerging technology, attention should be given to the ethical and health equity implications of this technology on our plastic surgery patients. The authors explore these concerns within the framework of the foundational principles of biomedical ethics: patient autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. ChatGPT and similar intelligent conversation agents have incredible promise in the field of plastic surgery but should be used cautiously and sparingly in their current form. To protect patients, it is imperative that societal guidelines for the safe use of this rapidly developing technology are developed.
Perspectives on pulsed field ablation: how to judge endpoints
Authors: Anglesio Valeria , Verma Atul 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of reviewThis review highlights pulse field ablation's (PFA) significance in treating atrial fibrillation. PFA uses short-pulsed electrical fields, offering safety advantages over thermal methods. Multicenter studies’ findings on PFA's safety, efficiency, and efficacy, compared with thermal techniques, are discussed.Recent findingsThe review encompasses major PFA systems utilized in multicenter studies: penta-spline, circular, and lattice catheters. These studies affirm PFA's safety, with minimal complications like esophageal injury, phrenic nerve complications, and pulmonary vein stenosis. PFA also demonstrates procedural efficiency benefits because of rapid pulse delivery. However, PFA's efficacy appears on par with thermal ablation, showing similar rates of atrial arrhythmia recurrence during follow-up periods. The studies explore diverse postablation monitoring strategies, underscoring the necessity for standardized monitoring or consistent transformation of arrhythmia data.SummaryIn conclusion, PFA marks a promising era for atrial fibrillation treatment with improved safety and efficiency. Efficacy is comparable to thermal methods, though technology advancements could alter this. PFA's potential as a safer and faster alternative positions it as a dominant atrial fibrillation ablation technology. Careful analysis and standardized monitoring are vital to assess PFA's potential and clinical implications
Human Tear Protein Analysis Using a Quantitative Microfluidic System: A Pilot Study
Authors: Casemore Rachel K. , Wolffsohn James S. , Dutta Debarun 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
Human tears have the potential to be used as biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease (DED). This prospective, controlled pilot study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a panel of tear protein profiles can be detected and are repeatable when analyzed using a miniaturized quantitative microfluidic system.

Methods:
Ten participants were recruited following institutional ethics committee approval. Participants attended two visits 1 week apart when the following measurements were taken in a sequence: tear meniscus height, noninvasive breakup time, ocular redness, tear collection, and corneal and conjunctival staining. Basal tears (>4 µL) were collected using glass microcapillary tubes. Tears were processed to analyze a panel of proteins (14–230 kDa) following the manufacturer's guidelines using a miniaturized quantitative microfluidic system (Protein 230 LabChip with Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer). Demographics of the clinical measurements and a comparison of the panel of identified proteins and their repeatability were made.

Results:
Mean age of the participants was 20.8±1.6 years, nine were females, three fulfilled the TFOS DEWS-II diagnostic criteria for DED. The total protein concentration across participants was 6.72±3.56 mg/mL. Several proteins (lysozyme C, lipocalin 1, IgA light chain, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, albumin, and lactoferrin) were identified at both visits for seven or more participants. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in individual protein concentrations between the two visits. A high correlation was found between the two visits for all proteins where correlation coefficient ranged between 0.63 and 0.98 (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The protein profiles measured by the quantitative microfluidic system are repeatable, thus validating quantitative microfluidic system as a reliable method for investigating a panel of tear proteins. This method is quick, affordable, requires only 4 μL of tear, and is relatively easy method to perform that can be incorporated in a clinical setting. Further studies in larger clinical setting may be beneficial exploring the usability of this method in various patient groups.
Optical Quality and Visual Performance With Different Toric Contact Lens Designs
Authors: Koh Shizuka , Maeda Naoyuki , Terao Misaki , Maeda Hiroko , Kosaki Ryo , Kozaki Jun , Nishida Kohji 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate the optical quality of different toric contact lens (CL) designs and compare their on-eye visual correction performance.

Methods:
Twenty soft CL wearers aged 20 to 39 years were enrolled. Two daily disposable silicone-hydrogel toric CLs were tested: the “Eyelid Stabilized Design” (ESD-CL) and prism-ballast design (PB-CL); a spherical daily disposable silicone hydrogel CL (spherical CL) was used as a control. On-eye performance was compared for corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), astigmatism, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs); astigmatism and ocular HOAs were measured with a wavefront sensor. The subjective quality of vision, rated for “blurred vision” and “double vision,” lens rotation, and fitting were also compared.

Results:
The ESD-CLs, PB-CL, and no-CL provided better CDVA than spherical CL (P<0.05). Compared with spherical CL and no CL, PB-CL and ESD-CLs caused significantly lesser astigmatism (P<0.05). Coma was significantly lesser with ESD-CLs than that with PB-CL (P<0.05); total HOAs did not differ among the four conditions. The subjective ratings for blurred and double vision were significantly lower with ESD-CLs than those with spherical CL (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Toric CLs provide a better CDVA than spherical CLs. However, differences in coma and subjective symptoms may occur because of the design of toric CLs.