bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Design Problem-Based Learning for Reasoning Ability?
Authors: Maharani Anggita , Putra Leo Waldy Yulius 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To get around students' reluctance, learning media is needed; one of them is the development of mathematics teaching materials. The development of teaching materials is needed to actualize subjects, especially mathematics, as a contextual subject. This goal is to improve students' reasoning abilities in understanding and solving the problems in daily life. The function of the model is as an intermediary between students' mathematical reasoning abilities and the questions presented in the development of teaching materials. More mathematical reasoning abilities are found in trigonometry material. Trigonometry is the science of measuring the angles and boundaries of triangles (used in astronomy and so on) in which there are solutions for other problems, such as measuring the height of mountains, buildings, towers, etc. Method: This research uses a qualitative method. Results: The teaching material Trigonometry research is valid for module material validation, graphics or media validation, and obtained from audience validation results. The three percentages are at a very valid validation level and can be used in schools. Novelty: After the application of this teaching material, the result was that students' mathematical reasoning abilities became better.
INTRA-ANNUAL VARIABILITY OF PLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN THE ESTUARY REGION OF THE SEVERNAYA DVINA RIVER
Authors: Makedonskaya I. , Medvedeva E. , Otchenash N. , Studenov I. , Tortsev A. , Konina Yu. 
Published: September 2023

The paper summarizes the results of monthly studies of phyto- and zooplankton communities of the estuarine region of the Northern Dvina, conducted during environmental monitoring from November 2020 to January 2022 at the water intakes of JSC “Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill” (Novodvinsk) and LLC “RVC-Arkhangelsk” (Arkhangelsk and Silikatchikov settlement). Based on the results of plankton surveys, the qualitative composition was studied and the intra-annual variability of quantitative indicators and structural features of plankton communities was described. In phytoplankton, 273 intraspecific taxa of microalgae were found, among which diatoms predominated (159 taxa). The indicators of abundance and biomass changed synchronously during the entire observation period. Primary production and P/B coefficients were at the level of digital values for the Arctic zone. The Shannon Index identified the phytoplankton community as medium-complex in a stable state. 45 species belonging to 4 systematic groups were found in zooplankton. Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton was characterized by 2 peaks of abundance and biomass – in November 2020 and July 2021. By species composition, the zooplankton community in the water intake areas in February–June 2021 it can be characterized as a kladocern, in July – as a rotifer-kladocern-copepod, in August as a rotifer-kladocern, and December can be considered the end of the growing season.
The degree of contamination was assessed according to the index of saprobity of phytoplankton and zooplankton. It was found that the state of the waters of the Severnaya Dvina River in the study area corresponded to the oligo-β-mesosaprobic zone or class II water quality (moderately polluted).
Peculiarities of the Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and S. orysoidum productivity formation under the effect of sowing timing in the western part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Pravdyva L. A. , Honcharuk H. S. , Kulyk H. A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To investigate the effect of sowing dates of sorghum bicolor and soryz on growth, development and productivity in the conditions of the western part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The following methods were used in the experiments: field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical.
Results. It was established that, on average over the years of research, the plants of sorghum bicolor and soryz formed higher productivity when the sowing was carried out in the period from beginning to the middle of May, when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm exceeded 12°C. At the same time, field germination was 83.2% and 87.1% in sorghum bicolor variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’, and 80.3% and 82.5 % in soryz variety ‘Samaran 6’. Sowing in late April reduced the field germination by 2.1–8.7 % on average in the experiment The vegetation period for early sowing period was the longest and amounted to 115 days in sorghum bicolor and 116 days in soryz; under optimal sowing conditions, it decreased from 2 to 8 days. The tillering of plants depended on the varietal characteristics and averaged 1.2–1.3 tillers per plant in sorghum bicolor and 1.2–1.4 tillers per plant in soryz. Plant height was 110–116 cm in sorghum bicolor variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and 111–109 cm in soryz variety ‘Samaran 6’. Stem diameter ranged from 1.5 cm to 1.6 cm. The leaf area during the period of “panicle emergence-flowering” reached a maximum for the sowing in the beginning and middle of May and was 30.11 thousand m2/ha and 28.30 thousand m2/ha in sorghum bicolor ‘Dniprovskyi 39’, and 28.43 and 26.96 thousand m2/ha in soryz variety ‘Samaran 6’, respectively. Optimum sowing timing contributed to the formation of high crop productivity, specifically, the grain yield was 3.43 t/ha and 3.67 t/ha, biomass yield 31.83 t/ha and 33.77 t/ha, respectively in ‘Dniprovskyi 39’, and 3.5 and 3.7 t/ha, 29.5 and 37.83 t/ha, respectively, in ‘Samaran 6’.
Conclusions. It was found that germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds depended on variety, while field germination depended on sowing conditions, such as temperature and soil water content. It was foundd that the early sowing (in the late April) compared to the optimal time (early May and the middle of May) reduced grain yield of ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety by 10.1–14.8% and ‘Samaran 6’ by 17.1–21.6%; biomass by 21.9–26.5% and 12.4–31.7%, respectively. Biometric indicators of plant growth and development, as well as the net productivity of photosynthesis, were also higher for sowing seeds at optimal period. Therefore, sowing sorghum in the early and middle May is recommended for the western part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
The yield of conditioned winter wheat seeds depending on the cultivation technology
Authors: Polishchuk V. V. , Konovalov D. V. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To study of the impact of winter wheat seed cultivation technologies on the yield of conditioned seeds.
Methods. Laboratory, mathematical, and statistical.
Results. It was established that the 1000 kernel weight varied as affected by the varietal characteristics and the seed cultivation technology. Under the basic cultivation technology, the 1000 kernel weight of all varieties was significantly lower compared to other technologies. Along with the 1000 kernel weight, the fractional composition of seeds, which also affects the yield of conditioned seeds, is of great importance for the cultivation of seed material. The fractional composition of the seeds was affected both by a maturity group of the varieties and a cultivation technology. On average, over the years of research, the content of seeds of the large fraction (2.5–2.8 mm) of the varieties of the medium-early ripeness group was greater for all cultivation technologies due to a decrease in the number of small seeds (2.0–2.2 mm) and seeds of the medium fraction (2.2–2.5 mm) compared to medium-ripe varieties. The fractional composition of the seeds changed under the effect of the cultivation technology. The largest percentage of the large seed fraction (73.6–75.6%) and the smallest (4.4–5.6%) of the small fraction was obtained under an energy-rich technology with elements of biologization of the cultivation. The yield of conditioned seeds depended on varietal characteristics and the technology of its cultivation. On average, in the varieties of the medium-early ripening group, for the basic technology, it was 78%, for the energy-consuming technology it was higher by 8%, and for the energy-consuming technology with elements of biologization it was the highest and increased by 12%.
Conclusions. The 1000 kernel weight and the fractional composition of seeds is affected both by the varietal characteristics and the cultivation technology. These indicators were significantly higher under energy-consuming technology with the elements of biologization of cultivation, where a balanced complex of biologically active substances was applied for plant nutrition and protection.
Computed tomographic abdominal fat volume estimation – a handy tool to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome
Authors: G.C Navaneeth , Hiremath Rudresh , Poojary Shweta Raviraj , Kini Divya Vishwanatha , Chittaragi Kavitha B. 
Published: September 2023

PurposeAbdominal obesity plays a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome, with individual metabolic risk profiles for visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. This study aimed to calculate and correlate the subcutaneous, visceral, and total fat compartment volume in metabolic and non-metabolic syndrome patients.Material and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted on 112 patients categorized into Group A (with metabolic syndrome) and Group B (without metabolic syndrome). They were subjected to computed tomography (CT) study of the abdomen using a 128-slice MDCT scanner. Body mass index (BMI), visceral fat volume (VFV), subcutaneous fat volume (SFV), and total fat volume (TFV) were calculated and correlated with biochemical evidence of metabolic syndrome.ResultsThe mean age of patients in Group A was 60.91 ± 12.23 years as compared to Group B, which was 50.12 ± 16.30 years. Overall, a male predominance was observed, i.e. 69 cases (61.6%). BMI was proven to be an inaccurate risk predictor. However, mean VFV, SFV, and TFV was statistically higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with visceral fat volume predicting a higher risk in females (<i>p</i> = 0.026).ConclusionsAbdominal CT is a commonly performed yet unexplored tool for the risk assessment of metabolic syndrome. Through the results obtained in this study, we have proven the need for calculating SFV, VFV, and TFV as predictors of metabolic syndrome in comparison to the conventional practice of BMI assessment. The radiologist can thus work with the clinician to effectively detect and treat this health condition.
Computed tomography evaluation of variations in positions and measurements of appendix in patients with non-appendicular symptoms: time to revise the diagnostic criteria for appendicitis
Authors: Singh Neha , Agrawal Prasant , Singh Deepak Kumar , Agrawal Gaurav Raj 
Published: September 2023

PurposeTo estimate the frequency distribution of different anatomical positions, and to measure the diameter, wall thickness, and length of appendix in patients with non-appendicular symptoms.Material and methodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted among 1,575 patients, who had undergone computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen for various non-appendicular signs and symptoms. Frequency of distribution of different anatomic locations and measurements of various morphologic parameters were recorded.ResultsThe most common location of appendix was retrocecal, followed by sub-cecal, post-ileal, and pelvic locations. The mean length of appendix was 66.7 mm (range, 6.3-123 mm), and the diameter was 6.3 mm (range, 2.8-11.3 mm). Diameter of > 6 mm was noted in 48.12% patients. The mean wall thickness was 2.37 mm, ranging 1.2-4.2 mm. The most common intra-luminal content was air-mixed with hypodense or hyperdense material observed in 70.5% of cases.ConclusionsAlthough an appendix with diameter less than 6 mm may be considered normal, a diameter above 6 mm has an overlap between a normal and inflamed appendix. Therefore, it should be considered in association with clinical and secondary findings to avoid overdiagnosis and unnecessary appendicectomies. We strongly recommend that diameter-based CT criteria to diagnose appendicitis should be revised and standardized.
Pengaruh Interaksi Sosial Budaya Dan Pemahaman Tentang Riba Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Dalam Memilih Bank Syariah
Authors: Putri Ariyaningsih  , Muhammad Zuhirsyan  , Hubbul Wathan  
Published: September 2023

Pemgaruh Ineraksi Sosial Budaya dan Pemahaman Tentang Riba Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah dalam Memilih Bank Syariah Pada PT Bank Muamalat KC Medan Balai Kota. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah Keputusan Nasabah dalam Memilih Bank Syariah Pada PT Bank Muamalat KC Medan Balai Kota, sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari Sosial Budaya dan Pemahaman Tentang Riba . Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 100 orang responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah analisis regresi linier berganda, uji parsial (t) dan uji simultan (F) dengan bantuan software program SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian dengan uji parsial (t) menunjukkan bahwa diantara 2 variabel independen terdapat 1 variabel yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen karena nilai signifikasi > 0,05 yaitu Interaksi Sosial Budaya (0,175>0,05), dan selebihnya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen sebab nilai signifikansi < 0,05 (0,000<0,05) dan secara simultan Interaksi Sosial dan Pemahaman Tentang Riba memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Nasabah nasabah Memilih Bank Syariah yang dilihat melalui uji statistik F dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar (0,000<0,05).
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pelatihan, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Puskesmas Kedopok Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Wulandari Indah Tri , Bahri Mohammad Saiful , Haidiputri Trivosa Aprilia Novadiani 
Published: September 2023

Kinerja Pegawai Pada Puskesmas Kedopok Kota Probolinggo dapat terwujud secara maksimal jika faktor-faktornya terpenuhi dengan baik. Faktor-faktor untuk meningkatkan kinerja yaitu memberikan Lingkungan Kerja, Pelatihan serta Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dalam bekerja. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pegawai PNS, non PNS di Puskesmas Kedopok Kota Probolinggo sebanyak 57 responen dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu sampel jenuh. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, variabel yang digunakan meliputi Lingkungan Kerja, Pelatihan, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja serta Kinerja Pegawai. Metode analisis data dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan statistik berupa uji instrumen, uji normalitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, koefisien korelasi berganda, koefisien determinasi, pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji hipotetis simultan Fhitung sebesar 20,865 > Ftabel 2,779 dengan ini membuktikan bahwa Lingkungan Kerja, Pelatihan, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Hasil uji hipotesis parsial t tabel= 1,674, nilai Thitung X1= 3,244 X2= 4,511, X3= 4,414 dengan ini membuktikan bahwa Lingkungan Kerja, Pelatihan, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai.
The underappreciated role of transboundary pollution in future air quality and health improvements in China
Authors: Xu Jun-Wei , Lin Jintai , Tong Dan , Chen Lulu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Studies assessing the achievability of future air quality goals in China have focused on the role of reducing China's domestic emissions, yet the influence of transboundary pollution of foreign origins has been largely underappreciated. Here, we assess the extent to which future changes in foreign transboundary pollution would affect the achievability of air quality goals in 2030 and 2060 for China. We find that in 2030, under the current-policy scenario in China, transboundary contributions to
population-weighted PM2.5 in China would be reduced by 29 % (1.2 µg m−3) as foreign countries transition from the fossil-fuel-intensive to the low-carbon pathway. By 2060, the difference would be increased to 45 % (1.8 µg m−3). Adopting the low-carbon instead of the fossil-fuel-intensive pathway in foreign countries would prevent 10 million Chinese people from being exposed to PM2.5 concentrations above China's ambient air quality standard (35 µg m−3) in 2030 and 5 million Chinese people from being exposed to PM2.5 concentrations above the World Health Organization air quality guideline (5 µg m−3) in 2060. Meanwhile, China adopting the carbon-neutral pathway rather than its current pathway would also be helpful
to reduce transboundary PM2.5 produced from the chemical interactions
between foreign-transported and locally emitted pollutants. In 2060,
adopting a low-carbon pathway in China and foreign countries coincidently
would prevent 63 % of transboundary pollution and 386 000 associated
premature deaths in China, relative to adopting a fossil-fuel-intensive
pathway in both regions. Thus, the influence of transboundary pollution
should be carefully considered when making future air quality expectations
and pollution mitigation strategies.
Open-path measurement of stable water isotopologues using mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Herman Daniel I. , Mead Griffin , Giorgetta Fabrizio R. , Baumann Esther , Malarich Nathan A. , Washburn Brian R. , Newbury Nathan R. , Coddington Ian , Cossel Kevin C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. We present an open-path mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) system capable of precise measurement of the stable water isotopologues H216O and HD16O. This system ran in a remote configuration at a rural test site for 3.75 months with 60 % uptime and achieved a precision of < 2 ‰ on the normalized ratio of H216O and
HD16O (δD) in 1000 s. Here, we compare the δD
values from the DCS system to those from the National Ecological Observatory
Network (NEON) isotopologue point sensor network. Over the multi-month
campaign, the mean difference between the DCS δD values and the NEON δD values from a similar ecosystem is < 2 ‰ with a standard deviation of 18 ‰, which demonstrates the inherent accuracy of DCS measurements over a variety of atmospheric conditions. We observe time-varying diurnal profiles and seasonal trends that are mostly correlated between the sites on daily timescales. This observation motivates the development of denser ecological monitoring networks aimed at understanding regional- and synoptic-scale water transport. Precise and accurate open-path measurements using DCS provide new
capabilities for such networks.
Carbon fluxes in spring wheat agroecosystem in India
Authors: Reddy Kangari Narender , Gahlot Shilpa , Baidya Roy Somnath , Varma Gudimetla Venkateswara , Sehgal Vinay Kumar , Vangala Gayatri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Carbon fluxes from agroecosystems contribute to the
variability of the carbon cycle and atmospheric [CO2]. This study is a
follow-up to Gahlot et al. (2020), which used the Integrated Science
Assessment Model (ISAM) to examine spring wheat production and its drivers.
In this study, we look at the carbon fluxes and their drivers. ISAM
was calibrated and validated against the crop phenology at the IARI wheat
experimental site in Gahlot et al. (2020). We extended the validation of
the
model on a regional scale by comparing modeled leaf area index (LAI) and yield against site-scale observations and regional datasets. Later, ISAM-simulated carbon
fluxes were validated against an experimental spring wheat site at IARI for
the growing season of 2013–2014. Additionally, we compared with the published
carbon flux data and found that ISAM captures the seasonality well.
Following that, regional-scale runs were performed. The results revealed
that fluxes vary significantly across regions, primarily owing to
differences in planting dates. During the study period, all fluxes showed
statistically significant increasing trends (p<0.1). Gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), autotrophic
respiration (Ra), and heterotrophic respiration
(Rh) increased at 1.272,
0.945, 0.579, 0.328, and 0.366 TgC yr−2, respectively. Numerical experiments
were conducted to investigate how natural forcings such as changing
temperature and [CO2] levels as well as agricultural management practices such
as
nitrogen fertilization and water availability could contribute to the
rising
trends. The experiments revealed that increasing [CO2], nitrogen
fertilization, and irrigation water contributed to increased carbon fluxes,
with nitrogen fertilization having the most significant effect.
Spatially coherent variability in modern orographic precipitation produces asymmetric paleo-glacier extents in flowline models: Olympic Mountains, USA
Authors: Margason Andrew A. , Anders Alison M. , Conrick Robert J. C. , Roe Gerard H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Glaciers are sensitive to temporal climate variability. Glacier sensitivity to spatial variability in climate has been much less studied. The Olympic Mountains of Washington state, USA, experience a pronounced orographic precipitation gradient, with modern annual precipitation ranging between ∼6500 and ∼500 mm water equivalent. In the Quinault valley, on the wet side of the range, a glacier extended onto the coastal plain, reaching a maximum position during the Early Wisconsin glaciation. On the dry side of the range, in the Elwha valley, there is no evidence of a large paleo-glacier during the Wisconsin glaciation. We hypothesize that asymmetry in the past glacier extent was driven by spatial variability in precipitation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we constrain the past precipitation gradient and model the glacier extent. We explore variability in observed and modeled precipitation gradients over timescales from 6 h to ∼100 yr. Across three datasets, basin-averaged precipitation in the Elwha is 54 % of that in the Quinault. Our analysis overwhelmingly indicates spatially coherent variability in precipitation across the peninsula. We conclude that the past precipitation gradient was likely similar to the modern gradient. We use a one-dimensional glacier flowline model, driven by sea level summer temperature and annual precipitation to approximate the glacier extent in the Quinault and Elwha valleys. We find several equilibrium states for the Quinault glacier at the mapped maximum position within paleoclimate constraints for cooling and drying, relative to present-day conditions. Assuming stable precipitation gradients, we model the Elwha glacier extent for the climates of these equilibria. At the warm end of the paleoclimate constraint (July average sea level temperature of 10.5 ∘C), a small valley glacier occurs in the high headwaters of the Elwha valley. Yet, for the cooler end of the allowable paleoclimate (July average sea level temperature of 7 ∘C), the Elwha glacier advances to a narrow notch in the valley, thickens, and rapidly extends far beyond the likely true maximum extent. Therefore, we suggest that the Early Wisconsin period was more likely to have been relatively warm because our models of the glacial extent are consistent with the past record of glaciation in both the Quinault valley and Elwha valley for warm conditions but inconsistent for cooler conditions. Alternatively, spatially variable drivers of ablation, including differences in cloudiness, could have contributed to past asymmetry in the glacier extent. Future research
to constrain past precipitation gradients and evaluate their impact on
glacier dynamics is needed to better interpret the climatic significance of past glaciation and to predict the future response of glaciers to climate
change.