bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body condition changes at sea: Onboard calculation and telemetry of body density in diving animals
Authors: Adachi Taiki , Lovell Philip , Turnbull James , Fedak Mike A. , Picard Baptiste , Guinet Christophe , Biuw Martin , Keates Theresa R. , Holser Rachel R. , Costa Daniel P. , Crocker Daniel E. , Miller Patrick J. O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The ability of marine mammals to accumulate sufficient lipid energy reserves is vital for mammals' survival and successful reproduction. However, long‐term monitoring of at‐sea changes in body condition, specifically lipid stores, has only been possible in elephant seals performing prolonged drift dives (low‐density lipids alter the rates of depth change while drifting). This approach has limited applicability to other species.

Using hydrodynamic performance analysis during transit glides, we developed and validated a novel satellite‐linked data logger that calculates real‐time changes in body density (∝lipid stores). As gliding is ubiquitous amongst divers, the system can assess body condition in a broad array of diving animals. The tag processes high sampling rate depth and three‐axis acceleration data to identify 5 s high pitch angle glide segments at depths >100 m. Body density is estimated for each glide using gliding speed and pitch to quantify drag versus buoyancy forces acting on the gliding animal.

We used tag data from 24 elephant seals (Mirounga spp.) to validate the onboard calculation of body density relative to drift rate. The new tags relayed body density estimates over 200 days and documented lipid store accumulation during migration with good correspondence between changes in body density and drift rate. Our study provided updated drag coefficient values for gliding (Cd,f = 0.03) and drifting (Cd,s = 0.12) elephant seals, both substantially lower than previous estimates. We also demonstrated post‐hoc estimation of the gliding drag coefficient and body density using transmitted data, which is especially useful when drag parameters cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy before tag deployment.

Our method has the potential to advance the field of marine biology by switching the research paradigm from indirectly inferring animal body condition from foraging effort to directly measuring changes in body condition relative to foraging effort, habitat, ecological factors and anthropogenic stressors in the changing oceans. Expanding the method to account for diving air volumes will expand the system's applicability to shallower‐diving (<100 m) species, facilitating real‐time monitoring of body condition in a broad range of breath‐hold divers.
Disparities in utilisation of combined oral contraceptives in Aotearoa New Zealand: A cross‐sectional whole‐of‐population study
Authors: Thomas Caryn , Braund Rhiannon , Bowden Nicholas , Hobbs Matthew , Kokaua Jesse , Paterson Helen 
Published: April 2023

AimsThe combined oral contraceptive (COC) is the most commonly used hormonal contraceptive in Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ). Currently there is limited data available on who uses COC in Aotearoa/NZ. The aims were to (i) define the population of reproductive‐aged females in Aotearoa/NZ in 2018 and identify the rate of COC use among this group and (ii) describe the sociodemographic and geographic characteristics of the population of COC users compared to the general population of reproductive‐aged females in 2018.MethodsThis whole‐of‐population cross‐sectional study used the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a large research database managed by Statistics New Zealand. Females aged 16–50 years with complete sociodemographic and geographic information in 2018 from Aotearoa/NZ's estimated resident population were included. COC dispensing records to this cohort were identified from the national Pharmaceutical Collection. This paper reports descriptive counts of COC use and employs generalised linear regression with a binomial distribution and a log link to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) of COC use for key sociodemographic and geographic subgroups.ResultsOf 1 113 750 individuals in the study, 159 789 (14.3%) were dispensed as COC in 2018. European/other individuals were most likely to use COC (aRR: 2.72, 2.67–2.78), and Pacific Peoples were least likely (aRR: 0.56, 0.55–0.58) to use COC. Individuals residing in the most deprived quintile had less COC use than individuals in the least deprived quintile (aRR: 0.73, 0.72–0.74).ConclusionOur study is able to highlight significant disparities in use by ethnicity, area‐level deprivation, and geographic factors.
Cloning in action: can embryo splitting, induced pluripotency and somatic cell nuclear transfer contribute to endangered species conservation?
Authors: Swegen Aleona , Appeltant Ruth , Williams Suzannah A 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe term ‘cloning’ refers to the production of genetically identical individuals but has meant different things throughout the history of science: a natural means of reproduction in bacteria, a routine procedure in horticulture, and an ever‐evolving gamut of molecular technologies in vertebrates. Mammalian cloning can be achieved through embryo splitting, somatic cell nuclear transfer, and most recently, by the use of induced pluripotent stem cells. Several emerging biotechnologies also facilitate the propagation of genomes from one generation to the next whilst bypassing the conventional reproductive processes. In this review, we examine the state of the art of available cloning technologies and their progress in species other than humans and rodent models, in order to provide a critical overview of their readiness and relevance for application in endangered animal conservation.
Survival, surveillance, and genetics in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome: A nationwide study
Authors: Jelsig Anne Marie , van Overeem Hansen Thomas , Gede Lene Bjerring , Qvist Niels , Christensen Lise‐Lotte , Lautrup Charlotte Kvist , Frederiksen Jane Hübertz , Sunde Lone , Ousager Lilian Bomme , Ljungmann Ken , Bertelsen Birgitte , Karstensen John Gásdal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary polyposis syndrome causing increased morbidity and mortality due to complications of polyposis and the development of cancer. STK11 is the only gene known to be associated with PJS, although in 10%–15% of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria no pathogenic variant (PV) is identified. The primary aim of this study was to identify the genetic etiology in all known PJS patients in Denmark and to estimate the risk of cancer, effect of surveillance and overall survival. We identified 56 patients (2–83 years old) with PJS. The detection rate of PVs was 96%, including three cases of mosaicism (6%). In two patients a variant was not detected. At the age of 40 years, the probabilities of cancer and death were 21% and 16%, respectively; at the age of 70 years these probabilities were 71% and 69%. Most cases of cancer (92%) were identified between the scheduled examinations in the surveillance program. These observations emphasize that PJS should be regarded as a general cancer predisposition syndrome, where improvement of clinical care is needed.
Serpin family proteins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on clinical/preclinical studies
Authors: Yan Bing , Luo Lu , Liu Li , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Ruiying , Wu Yi , Xiao Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerpin is a superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors. They have anticoagulative activities and immunoregulatory effects. The family has been widely studied in stroke patients and animal stroke models. However, results from clinical and preclinical studies are controversial. The systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether serpin activities are affected by stroke and whether members of the serpin family could be used in stroke treatment.MethodsLiterature was systematically searched in six databases until September 5, 2022. In the included studies, 47 clinical studies (8276 subjects) reported concentrations of serpin proteins in stroke patients and healthy controls. In total, 41 preclinical studies (742 animals) reported neurological outcomes in animal models with serpin treatment and vehicle.ResultsMeta‐analysis of clinical studies showed that both ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke patients had higher thrombin‐antithrombin complex (TAT) levels and lower antithrombin (AT) levels which were persistent in the acute and subacute phase of IS. Meta‐analysis of preclinical studies reported the efficacy of serpins in treating stroke. C1‐INH and FUT175 reduced brain infarct size and improved sensorimotor and motor behavior in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in the MCAO models.ConclusionsOur study confirmed the important roles serpin family proteins played in the onset, progression, and treatment of stroke. Among serpins, AT and TAT may be used as blood biomarkers in the early diagnosis of stroke. C1‐INH and FUT175 could be potential medications for IS.
Does it pay off to invest in bank staff training? Survey‐based evidence from an emerging market banking sector
Authors: Pîslaru Angela , Kubinschi Matei , Neagu Florian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe explore the role of staff training and experience for banks' efficiency and profitability, while accounting for size, solvency, liquidity and business model of the banking sector. We try answering two questions: (i) are banks with higher levels of staff training and experience more efficient and profitable and (ii) do banks that spend more to increase the quality of their staff have better outcomes in terms of NPLs, in case of a downturn? We use two novel sources of microdata from a one‐off survey about banks' HR policies and a database on banks' balance sheets and P&Ls regarding the Romanian banking sector. We apply the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to estimate production frontiers and rank banks by cost and income efficiency. Our main findings support the conclusion that it pays off to invest more in the quality of bank staff, from both risk management and revenue efficiency perspectives.
Deep learning‐based semantic segmentation of non‐melanocytic skin tumors in whole‐slide histopathological images
Authors: Wang Linyan , Shao An , Huang Fengbo , Liu Zhengyun , Wang Yaqi , Huang Xingru , Ye Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the two most common skin cancer and impose a huge medical burden on society. Histopathological examination based on whole‐slide images (WSIs) remains to be the confirmatory diagnostic method for skin tumors. Accurate segmentation of tumor tissue in WSIs by deep‐learning (DL) models can reduce the workload of pathologists and help surgeons ensure the complete removal of tumors. To accurately segment the tumor areas in WSIs of BCC, SCC and squamous cell papilloma (SCP, homologous to SCC) with robust models. We established a data set (ZJU‐NMSC) containing 151 WSIs of BCC, SCC and SCP in total. Seven models were utilized to segment WSIs, including the state‐of‐the‐art model, models proposed by us and other models. Dice score, intersection over union, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate and compare the performance of different models. Heatmaps and tumor tissue masks were generated to reflect the results of the segmentation. The processing times of models are also recorded and compared. While the dice score of most models is higher than 0.85, deeplab v3+ has the best performance and the corresponding tumor tissue mask is more consistent with the ground truth tumor areas even with complex and small lobular lesions. This study broadens the use of DL‐based segmentation models in WSIs of skin tumors in terms of tumor types and computational approaches. Segmenting tumor areas can simplify the process of histopathological inspection and benefit the diagnosis and following management of the diseases in practice.
Expanding the boundaries of previously obtained informed consent in research: Views from participants in the Personalised Risk‐based Mammascreening study
Authors: Lutomski Jennifer E. , Rainey Linda , de Jong Milou , Manders Peggy , Broeders Mireille J. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding participants' concerns and information needs regarding broadened consent is crucial to ensure transparency and participant autonomy. Our study qualitatively examined these issues in women participating in the Personalized RISk‐based MAmmascreening study (PRISMA). The original PRISMA informed consent was project‐specific (i.e., breast cancer research), limiting the scope of secondary research. We explored participants' needs for broadened consent to preserve informed decision‐making while maximising the potential re‐use of data.MethodsFocus groups (FGs) were performed following a semistructured discussion guide. Two independent researchers analysed the data thematically using an inductive approach.FindingsTwenty‐three asymptomatic women and 13 women diagnosed with breast cancer were randomly divided into six FGs. Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) Normalization, (2) Attitude towards the pharmaceutical industry, (3) Privacy and (4) Knowledge. Our participants viewed data sharing as an important conduit for advancing medical science. Perceived integrity was more often attributed to noncommercial than commercial parties, with a marked mistrust towards the pharmaceutical industry. Most requested information needs related to data protection. Participants' ideal consent process would confer a range of options; for example, they would be able to choose with whom data can be shared, whether data will be de‐identified or anonymous, the expiration date of their consent and how, if requested, general and personal study results would be disclosed.ConclusionOur participants expressed clear information needs and a strong desire to be actively engaged in future data sharing decisions. Given that many researchers collaborate with commercial parties, building public confidence in these institutions would be beneficial. Illustrative examples addressing privacy concerns and clarifying difficult terms would aid consent decision‐making. Although our participants displayed great altruism in sharing their data and accepted that broad consent would ultimately facilitate future research, broad consent did not reflect their ideal situation. Dynamic consent may be an option but warrants further feasibility research.Patient and Public ContributionWomen were recruited from the general breast cancer screening population. Their perceptions and information needs, as reported in this study, will not only inform broadened consent for PRISMA but ideally guide other consent templates and decisions regarding consent processes.
How are HIV services in the UK currently identifying and managing patients with cognitive impairment? Results of a national survey
Authors: Morris Rebekah , Alford Kate , Vera Jaime H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe 2018 British HIV Association (BHIVA) Standards of Care state that people living with HIV should be questioned annually for symptoms of cognitive or memory decline. If symptoms are identified, screening should be considered and services offered if impairment is detected. We examined the availability of services, along with current practices related to the screening and management of cognitive impairment in people living with HIV, in UK HIV services.MethodsA survey was distributed via email to all UK HIV services leads on the BHIVA audit mailing list. Questions related to screening practices, referral pathways, and the management of patients with suspected cognitive impairment. Descriptive analyses were conducted on all data returned.ResultsIn total, 190 surveys were distributed. Of the respondents, 39 (60.6%) stated that they undertook screening for cognitive impairment in their HIV service, and 30 (47.6%) reported not offering a specific service or referral pathway. Awareness of BHIVA screening guidelines was high (49 [84.48%]), yet 15 (30.6%) respondents stated that they were not followed in their service and 41 (71.9%) felt there was a need for training on screening, assessment, and management of cognitive impairment in patients with HIV within their department.ConclusionsDespite no directive, a substantial number of HIV services surveyed are routinely screening patients for cognitive impairment without guidance on when to screen and which screening tools should be used. A UK consensus on screening, along with guidance and training for services, may help to resolve this gap in service provision.
Gene expression profiles of chemosensory genes of termite soldier and worker antennae
Authors: Suzuki Ryohei H. , Hanada Takumi , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Shigenobu Shuji , Maekawa Kiyoto , Hojo Masaru K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTermites have an elaborate social system that involves cooperation and division of labour among colony members. Although this social system is regulated by chemical signals produced in the colony, it remains unclear how these signals are perceived by other members. Signal transduction is well known to be triggered by the reception of odorant molecules by some binding proteins in the antennae, after which, a signal is transmitted to chemosensory receptors. However, there is insufficient information on the role of chemosensory genes involved in signal transduction in termites. Here, we identified the genes involved in chemosensory reception in the termite Reticulitermes speratus and performed a genome‐wide comparative transcriptome analysis of worker and soldier antennae. First, we identified 31 odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs), and three chemosensory protein A (CheA) from the genome data. Thereafter, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the expression levels of OBPs, CheAs, and previously identified chemosensory receptor genes between worker and soldier antennae. There were no receptor genes with significant differences in expression between castes. However, the expression levels of three non‐receptor odorant‐detection/binding proteins (OBP, CheA, and Sensory neuron membrane protein) were significantly different between castes. Real‐time qPCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis using antennae and other head parts confirmed that these genes were highly expressed in soldier antennae. Finally, independent RT‐qPCR analysis showed that the expression patterns of these genes were altered in soldiers from different social contexts. Present results suggest that gene expression levels of some non‐receptors are affected by both castes and behavioural interactions among colony members in termites.
Non‐traumatic emergency department dental visits among patients 0–25 years of age: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Musa Ali A. R. , Sethi Sneha , Poirier Brianna F. , Oliver Kelly J. , Jensen Emilija D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNontraumatic dental conditions (NTDC) that made children attending to emergency departments (EDs) of tertiary hospitals can put significant financial and time strain on hospitals.AimThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to calculate the prevalence of paediatric presentations to EDs of tertiary hospitals for NTDC and describe the characteristics of these presentations.DesignA systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies quantifying NTDC presentations to EDs of tertiary hospitals from inception through to July 2022. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for studies reporting prevalence.ResultsThe search identified 31 099 studies, from which 14 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. A random effects model was used for meta‐analysis, and the prevalence of NTDC reported through EDs of tertiary hospitals ranged from 52.3% to 77.9%.ConclusionsNontraumatic dental conditions, which may be preventable when caused by dental caries, made up a high proportion of dental visits to tertiary hospital EDs. Public health initiatives should be considered to reduce the burden of NTDC on EDs.
RETRACTED: Effect of mesenchymal stromal cells‐derived extracellular vesicles as a treatment to heal diabetic wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Xiaocen , Li Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis study to assess the influence of mesenchymal stromal cells‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) as a treatment to heal the diabetic wound (DW). A comprehensive literature examination till February 2023 was implemented and 2975 linked studies were appraised. The picked studies contained 381 animals with diabetes mellitus in the picked studies' baseline, 217 of them were using MSC‐EVs, and 173 were using control. Odds ratio in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of MSC‐EVs as a therapy to heal DWs by the dichotomous and continuous styles and a fixed or random model. MSCs‐EVs had a significantly higher rate of wound closure of DWs (Mean deviation [MD], 22.20; 95% CI, 19.16–25.24, P < .001), lower width of the scar (MD, −2.57; 95% CI, −3.35 to −1.79, P < .001), higher collagen deposition (MD, 30.82; 95% CI, 20.77–40.86, P < .001), and a higher rate of re‐epithelialisation (MD, 34.36; 95% CI, 20.13–48.58, P < .001) compared with the control. MSCs‐EVs had a significantly higher rate of wound closure of DWs, lower width of the scar, higher collagen deposition, and higher rate of re‐ epithelialisation compared with the control. Although precautions should be taken when commerce with the consequences because all of the picked studies for this meta‐analysis was with low sample sizes.
RETRACTED: A systematic review of medical science students' knowledge and related factors towards burns first aids
Authors: Alizadeh Otaghvar Hamidreza , Parvizi Arman , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Karkhah Samad , Takasi Poorya , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Firooz Mahbobeh , Sadeh Tabarian Mansooreh , Jamshidbeigi Amirreza , Farzan Ramyar , Haddadi Soudabeh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis systematic review aims to examine the knowledge of medical science students about burn first aid. A comprehensive, systematic search was performed in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Knowledge”, “First aid”, “Medical science student” and “Burn” from the earliest to February 1, 2023. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated by using the appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool). Thirteen studies had a total of 5046 students studying medical sciences. Among them, 62.24% were female and 77.67% were medical students. The studies included in this systematic review were conducted in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Syria, Egypt, and Malaysia. Medical science students' average knowledge of first aid for burns is 56.92 out of 100, which is considered to be a moderate level of knowledge. Factors such as the experience of first aid training, academic year, clinical experience, and economic status had a significant positive relationship with the knowledge of medical science students about first aid for burns. Also, factors such as age, academic specialisation, academic year, information sources, and fathers' occupation had a significant relationship with the knowledge of medical students about first aid for burns. Therefore, it is suggested that healthcare managers and policymakers make the necessary plans to ensure that first aid training courses are implemented during medical science students' studies as a part of their curriculum.