bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor suppresses polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to the M2 phenotype and exerts antitumor effects on colorectal cancer
Authors: Sakuragi Akira , Aoki Hiromasa , Toriuchi Kohki , Kondo Riri , Inoue Yasumichi , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Takeshita Satoru , Kakita Hiroki , Yamada Yasumasa , Aoyama Mineyoshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Macrophages can be classified into two main types based on their functions: pro-inflammatory M1-like and anti-inflammatory M2-like. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues and many TAM polarized to the M2 phenotype. M2-TAMs promote tumor progression through various mechanisms. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which is abundant in tumor tissues and exacerbates advanced-stage tumors, has been implicated in the M2 polarization of macrophages. The study aimed to investigate whether TGF-β promotes the M2 polarization of TAMs and whether inhibiting TGF-β would reduce this polarization in the tumor environment of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods:
In this study, macrophages were prepared from THP-1 cells by treating them with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and were used to analyze the polarization of human macrophages by TGF-β and TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542. The degree of polarization was assessed using both RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of SB431542 in vivo, a CRC model was generated by implanting CT26 cells into balb/c mice. Tumor volume and weight were measured, and the percentage of M2-TAM was analyzed using flow cytometry.
Results:
The TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 suppressed the M2 polarization of THP-1–derived macrophages in CRC conditioned medium. In syngeneic mouse models of CRC SB431542 reduced tumor volume and weight with the decrease of the proportion of M2-TAMs. The antitumor effect of SB431542 was abolished under conditions of TAM depletion.
Conclusions:
The study suggests that TGF-β promotes the M2 polarization of TAMs in the tumor environment of solid tumors, including CRC. Therefore, the anti-tumor effect of SB431542 on CRC is attributed to the reduction of M2-TAMs. The results of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the development of therapies for CRC that regulate TAM polarity.
Influence of Obstructive Apnea Index on Persistent Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kirigaya Jin , Iwahashi Noriaki , Abe Takeru , Gohbara Masaomi , Hanajima Yohei , Horii Mutsuo , Okada Kozo , Matsuzawa Yasushi , Kosuge Masami , Ebina Toshiaki , Hibi Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this prospective observational study, we investigated the effects of the severity and classification of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) (obstructive, central, or mixed apnea predominant) on left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In total, 115 patients with STEMI underwent a sleep study using a multichannel frontopolar electroencephalography recording device (Sleep Profiler®︎) 1 week after STEMI onset. We evaluated LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) measured using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) as a parameter for LV function at 1 week and 7 months. The obstructive apnea index was significantly associated with the LV-GLS at 1 week and 7 months (r = 0.27, p = 0.002; and r = 0.23, p = 0.013, respectively). However, central and mixed apnea indices were not. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the obstructive apnea index was independently associated with LV-GLS at 1 week and 7 months (β = 0.27, p < 0.001; and β = 0.19, p = 0.016, respectively). However, the three-type SDB classification was not significantly associated with LV-GLS. In examination of the influence of SDB on STEMI, it may be useful to focus on the obstructive apnea index rather than focusing only on the SDB classification and apnea-hypopnea index.
Is Tranexamic Acid Safe for the Hip Joint?
Authors: Akcaalan Serhat , Akcan Gulben , Tufan Ahmet Cevik , Caglar Ceyhun , Akcaalan Yasemin , Akkaya Mustafa , Dogan Metin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackround:To show the effects of tranexamic acid, which is a drug frequently used in bleeding control, on the hip joint and sciatic nerve with animal experiments.Methods:There were 15 rats in each of the 3 groups, totaling 45 rats. Topical saline injections were applied to the first group, topical TXA injections to the second group, and intravenous (IV) TXA injections to the third group. In the samples taken from the hip joint three weeks later, femoral head cartilage , sciatic nerve and joint capsule thicknesses were analyzed histologically.Results:Statistically significantly more cartilage degradation was detected in the femoral head cartilage in both the IV and intraarticular TXA group when compared to the control group.The groups were also compared in terms of acetabular cartilage; however, no histological difference was found between the groups.It was seen that when the femoral head cartilage thickness (the average of the measurements made from 3 different points were used) the cartilage thickness in the topical TXA group was less when compared to the other 2 groups. However, this difference was determined to not be statistically significant. The data of the hip joint capsule thickness measurement , it was found that the capsule thickness in the topical TXA applied group was less when compared to the other 2 groups. However, this difference was not statistically significant. When all 3 groups were compared in sciatic nerve no different staining characteristics were found in the immunofluorescence examination.Conclusion:Txa, which is frequently used in orthopedic practice, shows negative effects on hip joint cartilage in both topical and intravenous application.
Tungsten oxide, magnetic and Cu-doped magnetic nanoparticles mixtures with cyromazine as promising eco-friendly strategies to control of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Eldesouky Sahar Elsayed , Aseel Dalia G. , Elnouby Mohamed S. , Hafez Elsayed E. , AL-Fargah Ammar , Hussein Hanaa S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Excessive application of pesticides leads to contamination of the environment, which entails the necessity to seek solutions that employ substances which do not pose ecological hazards. So, the present study was conducted to explore the different effects of tungsten oxide (WRT), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), Cu-doped magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-Cu), the insecticide, cyromazine, and their binary mixtures against Spodoptera littoralis. The nanomaterials individually didn’t show any toxicity against S. littoralis stages. Cyromazine recorded the highest toxicity with LC50 values of 58.7, 45.6, and 70.5 mgL− 1 against eggs, 2nd, and 4th larvae, respectively. Nanoparticles showed an antagonistic effect which increased directly with concentrations. Cyromazine (100 mgL− 1) + MNP-Cu (500 mgL− 1) was the most repellent mixture for the 2nd and 4th larvae with feeding deterrence percent, 41.42% and 57.60%, respectively. Larval and pupal durations increased with increasing cyromazine and nanomaterial concentrations. Except for the cyromazine (25 mgL− 1) + WRT (500 mgL− 1) mixture, which recorded 27.3% adult emergence, no adult emergence was recorded by the 500 mgL− 1 nanomaterial mixtures. Some malformations were also recorded for S. littoralis stages after being treated with tested materials. Cyromazine/MNP-Cu mixtures gave the highest significantly increased in the enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase and α-esterase compared to the control. Regarding the results obtained by the Q-PCR, the insect immune response for the treatments indicated a high immune response in all the treated insects compared to the control. In conclusion, the nanomaterial-cyromazine mixtures may be recommended as promising alternatives for S. littoralis control.
Clinical Characteristics of New-onset Dermatomyositis with Adverse Outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Ting , Ding Ting , Ding Liqing , Xie Shasha , Li Xiaojing , Meng Qiming , Li Zhe , Luo Hui , Xie Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Identification of characteristics and risk factors of new-onset dermatomyositis patients with recurrent aggravation after regular treatment.
Methods
In this cohort study, clinical characteristics of 142 new-onset dermatomyositis patients were analyzed. We defined three different clinical outcomes after long-term follow-up: mild, aggravation, and death. The clinical presentation of patients with recurrent aggravations was primarily analyzed and discussed in this cohort. The decision tree algorithm was used to predict the outcomes.
Results
In this corhort, there were 72 in the mild group, 56 in the aggravation group (39 were single aggravation and 17 were multiple aggravations), 14 in the death group. The median time point for patients to experience their first aggravation was 40 weeks after initial treatment, the median interval between multiple aggravations was 32 weeks, and for anti-MDA5 positive patients, the median interval was 16 weeks. Symptoms of aggravation were generally manifested as progression of pulmonary interstitial lesions, or extended skin rashes. Baseline CRP and CK levels were higher in the multiple aggravations or death group.
Conclusions
DM patients tended to aggravate after glucocorticoid was regular reduced to approximately the lowest maintenance dose. Higher baseline CRP and CK levels have a certain predictive effect on adverse outcomes in DM.
Gestational weight gain trajectories in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yue , Feng Xinxin , WANG XIA 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Gestational weight gain is strongly associated with adverse maternal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus. This aim of this study is investigate the characteristics of the trajectory of gestational weight gain in Chinese patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A total of 1,516 patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus from January 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022 at a Grade-III specialized hospital in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China, were selected. Essential demographic and prenatal examination information of the patients was collected.
Results: We found the different BMI groups had significantly different gestational weight gain (P<0.001). The type of gestational diabetes mellitus also had a significant impact on gestational weight gain (P<0.001).This study revealed three different exercise trajectories. The inflection point of weight gain changes during pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus was at 16 weeks of gestation.
Conclusion: The study reveals three distinct gestational weight gain trajectories in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus that differ from those of healthy pregnant women. It provides a basis for establishing appropriate gestational weight gain criteria and screening time windows for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Leukopenia After Meningitis due to Infection with Elizabethkingia anophelis Combined with Septicaemia: case report and literature review
Authors: Yao Mingzheng , Huang Li'an 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Elizabethkingia anophelis, an emerging opportunistic pathogen, is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, preterm infants, patients with long-term intravenous catheters, patients with underlying diseases (malignancies, diabetes, etc.), and patients in intensive care units undergoing invasive treatment. The complexity of species identification methods, multiple drug resistance, complications and high mortality rate pose great challenges for treatment, and there is no standard treatment.Case presentation We report a case of leukopenia following meningitis and septicaemia in an adult male patient infected with E. anophelis. Despite effective anti-infective therapy, the patient eventually died due to pulmonary infection. Besides, we performed a literature review.Conclusions It is recommended to accurately identify the rare pathogen, such as E. anophelis, and use appropriate antibiotic therapy. In addition, the control of complications is worthy of attention.
Validation of Rapid Fecal Calprotectin Assay “fCAL turbo” for Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Retrospective Comparative Study with Endoscopic Activity
Authors: Oka Akihiko , Kawashima Kousaku , Kishimoto Kenichi , Kotani Satoshi , Fukunaga Mai , Fukuba Nobuhiko , Mishima Yoshiyuki , Oshima Naoki , Ishimura Norihisa , Awoniyi Muyiwa , Ishihara Shunji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD). An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is widely used for FC detection, though the considerable lag time, up to several days, causes clinical management delay. This study was performed to examine the new rapid kit fCAL-turbo, which is based on a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (15 minutes), by comparing FC values with other EIA assays (EliA, PhiCal, Bühlmann) and endoscopic scores. Using 94 samples, fCAL-turbo showed strong significant positive correlations with the other kits (Spearman’s r = 0.9178 − 0.9886). Of 74 UC patients, 69 underwent an endoscopy and fCAL-turbo reflected endoscopic activity with a moderate correlation with Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) (r = 0.6945, others r = 0.6682 − 0.7013). Receiver operating characteristic analyses based on MES 0 vs. 1 − 3 showed a similar efficacy as compared to the other kits (cut-off and area under the curve: 89.70 µg/g and 0.8592, respectively, others 62.35 − 138.4 µg/g and 0.8280 − 0.8611, respectively). All 20 CD patients underwent endoscopy examinations and fCAL-turbo results had a moderate correlation with modified simple endoscopic score for CD (r = 0.5471, others r = 0.3049 − 0.6731). fCAL-turbo showed strong correlations with the other kits and also demonstrated excellent performance for predicting endoscopic remission of UC.
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals neutrophil infiltration in degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Peigeng , Miao Haixiong , Ye Dongping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that nucleus pulposus degeneration is accompanied by neutrophil infiltration and that inflammatory factors released by neutrophils play an important role in the process of nucleus pulposus degeneration. A study to characterize neutrophils in degenerating myeloid tissue is lacking.
METHODS: We downloaded a single cell sequencing data of degenerated nucleus pulposus from a public database. The single-cell expression profile of the degenerated nucleus pulposus was constructed by software analysis for cell filtering, data normalization, cell subcluster analysis, and cell type identification procedures, and marker genes for cell subclusters were obtained. The functions of different cell subclusters in the degeneration process were then further explored by using gene function analysis, signaling pathway analysis, and pseudo time analysis. Finally, we characterized the neutrophils in the degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue.
RESULTS: A single-cell atlas of 4774 cells was constructed by transcriptome sequencing of the degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue. All cells were classified into cell types, and two major cell types, nucleus pulposus chondrocytes and neutrophils, were identified in the degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue, and the functions of different subclusters were enriched and analyzed, and key genes were extracted for biological function analysis. A pseudo time analysis was performed on the degenerated nucleus pulposus chondrocytes, and key nodes were selected for the study to analyze the changing relationships among the three chondrocyte subclusters. The infiltration of neutrophils in the degenerated nucleus pulposus was revealed from a single cell dimension. Key genes were extracted from neutrophils in degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue to characterize the biological functions of neutrophils.
CONCLUSIONS: Three subclusters of nucleus pulposus chondrocytes and neutrophils were identified. The different functions of the 3 types of nucleus pulposus chondrocytes were also derived. Among them, calcification-inhibited nucleus pulposus chondrocytes were the main responsible cell cluster for nucleus pulposus degeneration, and the steady-state cells still performed the normal nucleus pulposus chondrocyte function. The phenomenon of neutrophil infiltration in intervertebral disc tissue was revealed for the first time from a single cell dimension, and key genes were extracted to investigate the cellular functions of infiltrating neutrophils in degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue.
Forming technology of non-heat source binder jetting metal powder and its final treatment process
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Ruanzhi , Ze Tai , Zhang Zhaofa , Liu Zhenghao , Chen Shixing , Lu Bingheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The binder jetting (BJ) forming process is an additive manufacturing method based on discrete stacking and microdrop jetting technology. It has the advantages of low cost and high degree of automation; further, it has no special requirements pertaining to the shapes or structures of machining parts. However, at the present stage, all BJ processes involve hot curing, which leads to high molding and maintenance costs. To solve this problem, polyvinyl alcohol powder was used as the main material of the binder formed via the BJ process. The wetting of the powder bed by ink droplets was simulated, and the ink formula and printing process parameters were optimized. The final metal part was formed via defatting and sintering, resulting in a tensile strength of 323 MPa and density of 85.6%.
Associations between antipsychotics-induced weight gain and brain networks of impulsivity
Authors: Eap Chin , Grosu Claire , Klauser Paul , Dwir Daniella , Khadimallah Ines , Alemán-Gómez Yasser , Laaboub Nermine , Piras Marianna , Fournier Margot , Preisig Martin , Conus Philippe , Draganski Bogdan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Given the unpredictable rapid onset and ubiquitous consequences of weight gain induced by antipsychotics (AP), there is a pressing need to get insights into the underlying processes at the brain system level that will allow stratification of “at risk” patients. The pathophysiological hypothesis at hand is focused on brain networks governing impulsivity that are modulated by neuro-inflammatory processes. To this aim, we investigated brain anatomy and functional connectivity in patients with early psychosis (median age: 23 years, IQR = 21–27) using anthropometric data and magnetic resonance imaging acquired one month to one year after initiation of AP medication. Our analyses included 19 patients with high and rapid weight gain (i.e., ≥ 5% from baseline weight after one month) and 23 patients with low weight gain (i.e., < 5% from baseline weight after one month). We replicated our analyses in young (26 years, IQR = 22–33, N = 102) and middle-aged (56 years, IQR = 51–62, N = 875) healthy individuals from the general population. In early psychosis patients, higher weight gain was associated with the impulsivity control score (β = 1.35; P = 0.03). Here, the observed brain differences comprised nodes of impulsivity networks - reduced frontal lobe grey matter volume (Pcorrected=0.007) and higher striatal volume (Pcorrected=0.048) paralleled by disruption of fronto-striatal functional connectivity (R=-0.32; P = 0.04). Weight gain was associated with the inflammatory biomarker plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (β = 4.9, P = 0.002). There was no significant association between increased BMI or weight gain and brain anatomy characteristics in both cohorts of young and middle-aged healthy individuals. Our findings support the notion of weight gain in treated psychotic patients associated with poor impulse control, impulsivity-related brain networks and chronic inflammation.
A systematic review on the relationship between the built environment and children’s quality of life
Authors: Hitch Lisa , Kodali Hanish , Starvaggi Marc , Wyka Katarzyna E , Huang Terry TK 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Evidence of the effects of the built environment on children has mainly focused on disease outcomes; however, quality of life (QoL) has gained increasing attention as an important health and policy endpoint itself. Research on built environment effects on children’s QoL could inform public health programs and urban planning and design.
Objective: We aimed to review and synthesize the evidence of the relationship between built environment features and children’s QoL.
Methods: Five research databases were searched for quantitative peer-reviewed studies on children between 2-18 years, published in English or German between 2010-2021. Only primary research was considered. Included studies (n=17) were coded and methodologically assessed with the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklists, and relevant data were extracted, analyzed, and synthesized, using the following built environment thematic framework: 1) neighborhood natural environment, 2) neighborhood infrastructure, and 3) neighborhood perception.
Results: Green space was positively associated with children’s QoL. Infrastructure yielded inconclusive results across all measured aspects. Overall neighborhood satisfaction was positively correlated with higher QoL but results on perceived environmental safety were mixed.
Conclusions: Most studies are correlational, making it difficult to infer causality. While the positive findings of green space on QoL are consistent, specific features of the built environment show inconsistent results. Overall perception of the built environment, such as neighborhood satisfaction, also shows more robust results compared to perceptions of specific features of the built environment. Due to the heterogeneity of both built environment and QoL measures, consistent definitions of both concepts will help advance this area of research.
Photopic factors influence external eye appearance in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Authors: Duran Elif , Perea-García Juan Olvido , Piepenbrock Diede , Veefkind Celine , Kret Mariska E. , Massen Jorg J. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
External eye appearance in diverse avian taxa has been proposed to be driven by social and ecological functions in different studies. Recent research using quantitative measurements and phylogenetically informed analyses in primates suggest that instead photoprotective functions are important drivers of external eye appearance. Using similar methods, we examine the variation in external eye appearance of 132 parrot species (Psittaciformes) in relation to their ecology and sociality. Breeding systems, flock size and sexual dimorphism, as well as species’ latitude and maximum flying altitude were used to explore the relative contribution of social and ecological factors in driving external eye appearance. We measured the hue and brightness of visible parts of the eye and the difference in measurements of brightness between adjacent parts of the eye. While we found no link between social variables and our measurements, we found a significant negative association between the brightness of the inner part of the iris and latitude and altitude. Darker inner parts of the irises were more prevalent farther away from the equator and with higher flying altitudes. Because the amount of UV radiation varies according to these factors, our results suggest that irises are at least partially adapted for photoprotective functions. The results inform our growing understanding of the drivers of external eye appearance across land vertebrates, highlighting the importance of photopic factors across such distantly related taxa as anthropoid primates and psittaciformes.