bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanowire‐Based Flexible Sensors for Wearable Electronics, Brain–Computer Interfaces, and Artificial Skins
Authors: Song Xiaopan , Gu Yang , Wang Sheng , Wang Junzhuan , Yu Linwei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFlexible electronic devices with compliant mechanical deformability and electrical reliability have been a focal point of research over the past decade, particularly in the fields of wearable devices, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), and electronic skins. These emerging applications impose stringent requirements on flexible sensors, necessitating not only their ability to withstand dynamic strains and conform to irregular surfaces but also to ensure long‐term stable monitoring. To meet these demands, one‐dimensional nanowires, with high aspect ratios, large surface‐to‐volume ratios, and programmable geometric engineering, are widely regarded as ideal candidates for constructing high‐performance flexible sensors. Various innovative assembly techniques have enabled the effective integration of these nanowires with flexible substrates. More excitingly, semiconductor nanowires, prepared through low‐cost and efficient catalytic growth methods, have been successfully employed in the fabrication of highly flexible and stretchable nanoprobes for intracellular sensing. Additionally, nanowire arrays can be deployed on the cerebral cortex to record and analyze neural activity, opening new avenues for the treatment of neurological disorders. This review systematically examines recent advancements in nanowire‐based flexible sensing technologies applied to wearable electronics, BCIs, and electronic skins, highlighting key design principles, operational mechanisms, and technological milestones achieved through growth, assembly, and transfer processes. These developments collectively advance high‐performance health monitoring, deepen our understanding of neural activities, and facilitate the creation of novel, flexible, and stretchable electronic skins. Finally, we also present a summary and perspectives on the current challenges and future opportunities for nanowire‐based flexible sensors.
An Ongoing Teacher Professional Development Programme to Enhance Critical Health Literacy Pedagogies and Assessment
Authors: Peralta Louisa R. , Marvell Claire L. , Barkell James , Burns Kellie , Otten Claire 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIssue AddressedHealth literacy is an important asset for adolescents to develop through engagement in schooling and curriculum. The few studies that have focused on teachers, health literacy pedagogies and assessment, show that teachers find it difficult to enhance students' critical health literacy levels and to measure students' health literacy knowledge and capabilities using valid models. The aim of this study was to develop a longer‐term PD programme for secondary school teachers to enhance their ability to plan for critical health literacy learning and to co‐design with teachers a curricular model for assessing health literacy.MethodsTwo face‐to‐face (F2F) PD sessions and two online PD sessions were scheduled with three participating specialist Health and Physical Education (HPE) teachers, seven HPE programmes were deductively analysed using Nutbeam's health literacy hierarchy and the Australian Curriculum: HPE outcomes and content.ResultsAnalysis showed that interactive learning activities were dominant (64%), compared with functional (4%) and critical learning activities (4%). The co‐designed curriculum model for measuring student health literacy was also developed for use in Australian schools. The resultant rubric is informed by Nutbeam's model, Broder et al.'s definition and Bloom's taxonomy.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first ongoing teacher PD programme that has embedded co‐design processes for teachers and researchers to design a curricular health literacy assessment model for Australian and international HPE programmes.So What?The valid measurement and assessment of child and adolescent health literacy has largely been ignored in previous research. This study is the first attempt to co‐design a curricular health literacy assessment for secondary schools that can be used by teachers and health professionals.
Precision Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Drug Resistance
Authors: Tang Bin , Li Pu , Mao Xuhu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori, a gram‐negative microaerophilic bacterium, is implicated in a broad spectrum of upper gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and even certain extragastric diseases. Its ability to colonize and persist within the host is driven by a complex arsenal of colonization and virulence factors, underscoring the intricate dynamics of host–pathogen interactions. The clinical management of H. pylori remains challenging, primarily due to the absence of commercially available vaccines and the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance. Accurate and reliable detection methods are therefore critical for preventing infections, identifying antibiotic resistance, and assessing treatment efficacy. Currently, both invasive and non‐invasive diagnostic approaches are employed, each with unique strengths and limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions, highlighting the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies. By critically evaluating existing methods and exploring innovative approaches, this review aims to support future progress in the effective management of this globally prevalent pathogen.
The validation of the Self‐Care Belief and Behavior Questionnaire in the Infant and Early Child Mental Health Workforce
Authors: Najm Julia A. , Morelen Diana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProfessionals in the Infant/Early Child Mental Health (IECMH) field are at an increased risk of experiencing burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary trauma symptoms due to the nature of their work that is further aggravated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Engagement in self‐care may be a helpful strategy for IECMH professionals to curb these psychological effects. Previous operationalizations of self‐care have singularly emphasized the behavior aspect despite a growing body of research showing the importance of self‐care beliefs. A novel Self‐Care Belief and Behavior Questionnaire was tested in a sample of 121 IECMH female identifying professionals located in the United States (between the ages of 18 and 69 with 81.2% identified as White, 12.3% as Black or African American, 2.5% as Latino/a or Latin American, 1.6% as multi‐ethnic, .8% as Asian or Pacific Islander, and 1.6% preferred not to answer) to strengthen psychometric validity and understand how self‐care relates to professional quality of life, internalizing symptoms, and emotion regulation in the IECMH Workforce.
Visible–near‐infrared wavelength‐selective photodetection and imaging based on floating‐gate phototransistors
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Ningning , You Jie , Wu Xin , Zhang Yichi , Miao Tian , Liu Yang , Jiang Zuimin , Zhong Zhenyang , Sun Hao , Guo Hui , Hu Huiyong , Wang Liming , Zhu Zhangming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWavelength selective imaging has a wide range of applications in image recognition and other application scenarios, which can effectively improve the recognition rate of objects. However, in the existing technical scenarios, it is usually necessary to use complex optical devices such as filters or gratings to achieve wavelength extraction. These methods inevitably bring about the problems of complex structure and low integration. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the wavelength extraction function at the device level. Here, we realize the wavelength extraction function and wide‐spectrum imaging function in the visible to infrared band based on a visible light absorber/floating gate storage layer/near‐infrared (NIR) photogating layer configuration. Under infrared irradiation, the device exhibits negative photoresponse through the absorption of infrared light by the Ge substrate and the photogating effect, and realizes visible positive light response through the absorption of visible light by MoS2. Utilizing the memory function of the device, by cleverly changing the gate voltage pulse, the photoresponse state of the output voltage is effectively adjusted to achieve three imaging states: visible light response only, response to both visible and infrared light, and infrared light response only. Active selective imaging of the word “XDU” was achieved at 532 and 1550 nm wavelength. By using the photoresponse data of the device, the passive imaging of the topography of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province was obtained, which effectively improves the recognition rate of mountains and rivers. The proposed reconfigurable visible–infrared wavelength‐selective imaging photodetector can effectively extract image information and improve the image recognition rate while ensuring a simple structure. The single‐chip‐based spectral separation imaging solution lays a good foundation for the further development of visible–infrared vision applications.image
Irrigation frequency requirements for sufficient warm‐season species quality in Florida
Authors: Schiavon Marco , Pirtle Todd , Cox Katherine , Rios Esteban , Unruh Bryan , Erickson John , Lindsey A. J. , Kenworthy Kevin , Cardenas‐Lailhacar Bernard , Dukes Michael , Schwartz Brian , Raymer Paul , Chandra Ambika , Wu Yanqi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPeriodic drought and shortage of potable water have led many municipalities in Florida to set limitations and restrictions on irrigation frequency for home lawns. These restrictions do not take into account turfgrass health and response and may be inappropriate across different species and cultivars; hence, there is a need to identify genotypes that could sustain quality and performance under reduced irrigation. A study was conducted at the University of Florida Plant Science Research and Education Unit in Citra, FL, to assess turfgrass response of 10 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), nine zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), and five seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) cultivars to different irrigation regimes, consisting of non‐irrigated control (Rainfed), soil moisture sensor (SENSOR)‐based (up to 152 mm mo−1), 8X per month (8XMO up to 152 mm mo−1), 4X per month (4XMO up to 76 mm mo−1), 2X per month (2XMO up to 38 mm mo−1), and 1X per month (1XMO up to 19 mm mo−1). Plots were evaluated for turfgrass quality and percent green cover using digital image analysis every 3 days over a 22‐month period. Bermudagrass was able to sustain acceptable turfgrass quality during one of the growing seasons when irrigated 4XMO, showing substantial water savings compared to the other two species. SENSOR irrigation significantly reduced water consumption for all the three species and produced turfgrass quality similar to 8XMO irrigation. Results indicate that selecting the right cultivar for the area could help sustain turfgrass aesthetic and functionality.
The Importance of Body Mass Index on Prognostic Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Asymptomatic Nulliparous Women
Authors: Dizdaroğulları Gizem Elif , Çam Çetin , Ayvacı Habibe , Karateke Ateş 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionMeasurements of levator hiatal area (LHA) by pelvic floor ultrasound examination were shown to be associated with symptoms and signs of prolapse and urinary incontinence. Body mass index (BMI) is a modifiable risk factor which has shown to be related with urinary incontinence. Our aim in this study was to observe and to understand the relation between BMI and weight with LH and other transperineal ultrasound parameters such as bladder neck mobility and bladder‐urethra angles in asymptomatic nulliparous women.Materials and MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional study in a gynecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary center after receiving ethical approval. Nulliparous women presenting to the gynecology outpatient clinic without any uro‐gynecological complaint were invited to participate.ResultsDuring study period, 167 women met the eligibility criteria. Our data showed that weight and BMI are correlated with hiatal dimensions, γ angle and bladder neck descent even in asymptomatic nulliparous women.DiscussionThese findings may explain why weight loss is associated with improvements in stress incontinence symptoms and why we should encourage women in weight control which is the only modifiable factor in the etiology of incontinence.
Hidden Armour: The Passive Protective Function of Caudal Osteoderms in Snakes
Authors: Frýdlová Petra , Dudák Jan , Tymlová Veronika , Žemlička Jan , Moravec Jiří , Frynta Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDermal armour, consisting of bony dermal structures known as osteoderms (ODs), is widespread in squamate reptiles. However, in some limbless taxa such as snakes, ODs are rare, probably due to a trade‐off between mechanical protection and the demands of locomotion and consumption of large prey. Recent findings of ODs restricted to the distal body regions of sand boas (Eryx, Erycidae) challenge this paradigm, suggesting they provide passive mechanical protection against aggressive prey without significantly impairing locomotion. Building on these findings, we have continued the search and identified three additional snake species that have well‐developed caudal ODs, including the first‐ever discovery of ODs in shield‐tailed snakes (Uropeltidae). In these fossorial species, which are characterised by their unique tail morphology, ecological adaptations and colouration, the ODs at the tail tip may serve as passive protection against predators. However, an alternative role in locomotion or occasional phragmosis cannot be ruled out. In the Javelin sand boa (Eryx jaculus), the ODs are hypothesised to function as a mechanical defence against aggressive prey. These results highlight the functional and evolutionary plasticity of ODs and emphasise the urgent need for further studies on their specific role and adaptive significance in the ecology and evolution of snakes.
Evolutionary Implications of the Human Soleus Muscle Based on the Comparative Anatomy of Detailed Intramuscular Nerve Distribution Patterns in Primates
Authors: Sakuraya Tohma , Sonomura Takahiro , Emura Kenji , Hirasaki Eishi , Iwata Tetsunari , Katsumata Akitoshi , Arakawa Takamitsu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOver the course of its evolution, the human soleus muscle has rapidly increased in size and gained a more important role in bipedal locomotion. However, the detailed processes underlying these morphological changes remain uninvestigated. When discussing these morphological changes in muscles, the innervation patterns among primates is an important criterion to consider and compare. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the detailed intramuscular nerve distribution patterns of the soleus muscle in nine extant primate species and provide new evolutionary implications. The human soleus muscle is innervated by two branches of the tibial nerve: the posterior nerve branch innervates the major posterior part of the soleus muscle, and the anterior nerve branch innervates the anterior bipennate part of the soleus muscle. The soleus muscle is innervated by the posterior branch in all species and by the anterior branch in five of the nine primate species. The prevalence and distribution patterns of the anterior branches varies even between closely related species. However, these variations were not associated with the intramuscular distribution patterns of the posterior branches. Therefore, the distribution of the anterior and posterior branches may have evolved independent of each other. In humans, the anterior branch and intramuscular subbranch of the posterior branch—that innervates the muscle fascicles originating from the soleal line on the tibia—are distributed more widely within the soleus muscle than in non‐human primates. This rapid increase in size and medial expansion of the soleus muscle over the course of human evolution may be due to the expansion of the two parts of the soleus muscle innervated by these two branches.
Future Snow Scenarios for Northern Europe Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Data
Authors: Räisänen Petri , Luomaranta Anna , Jylhä Kirsti 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe ongoing climate change alters the snow conditions. This paper evaluates these changes in Northern Europe including Fennoscandia and the Baltic Sea region, based on data from the newest generation of global climate models (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6; CMIP6). Thirteen CMIP6 models are selected for the analysis based on the availability of daily snow data and the models' performance in simulating global and Northern European climate and snow conditions in Finland. The analysis focuses on four quantities: the largest daily value of snow water equivalent during the winter SWEmax, and the length, start day and end day of the longest continuous snow period. The models project an overall shift towards less snowy conditions with progressing warming: reduced SWEmax and shorter snow seasons that start later and end earlier. This is seen already in recent (1951–2023) trends, with largest simulated trends in southern Fennoscandia and in the Baltic countries and smaller trends in the northern inland regions. ERA5‐Land reanalysis data mainly agree with this spatial pattern, although with some notable differences. The decrease of snow continues into the future (2023–2100), with larger trends projected for Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios with larger radiative forcing. Also, larger changes are projected for southern than northern Fennoscandia. For example, for the moderate emission scenario SSP245, snow seasons around 2090 are projected to be nearly 50 days shorter than in 1981–2010 in southern Finland but only 30 days shorter in Finnish Lapland. However, there is substantial quantitative uncertainty in the trends in snow conditions, even for a fixed emission scenario. For example, for SSP245, the one‐sigma uncertainty due to natural variability alone is estimated to be at least 30%–50% of the multi‐model mean trends in 2023–2100 for all snow‐season metrics considered.
Recent Advance in the Synthesis and Applications of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Liu Qiuyi , Li Zhu , Sun Jing , Lan Yue , Hu Jiaqi , Xiao Yuqiang , Yang Feng‐Qing , Gao Die 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTChiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) are emerging porous materials with tunable chiral structures, abundant pores, and high surface areas, gaining significant attentions in separation, sensing, and asymmetric catalysis. This review summarizes the synthesis methods of CCOFs and their applications in chiral recognition. It discusses the advantages and limitations of three synthesis strategies, including chiral post‐modification, direct synthesis, and chiral‐induced synthesis. The review also highlights the potential of CCOFs in chiral separation, sensing, and asymmetric catalysis for efficient purification, detection, and synthesis of chiral molecules. Challenges and future directions for the preparation and application of CCOFs are also addressed, aiming to guide further research and practical applications.
Separation, Analysis, and Degradation of Cembranoids in Flue‐Cured Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Xie Yue , Yuan Kailong , Zhu Junchen , Zhang Yonggang , Zhang Xiaobing , Feng Hongru , Pan Yuanjiang , Sun Cuirong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCembranoids are significant flavor precursors found in flue‐cured tobacco leaves. The degradation products can serve as important aromatic compounds. In this study, 16 cembranoids were discovered in flue‐cured tobacco leaves by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS), and 1 cembranoid featuring both oxidation and dehydrogenation from α/β‐cembranoid was identified for the first time. α‐ and β‐cembranoids were confirmed to be precursors to various degradation products. Additionally, β‐cembranoid was prone to epimerize into α‐cembranoid while simultaneously undergoing allylic rearrangement, with the hydroxyl group undergoing migration. During the aging and curing processes, cembranoids can easily add oxygen atoms to the carbon–carbon double bonds, whereas the hydroxyl group in the structure may form epoxides, oxidize into ketones, or undergo dehydration reactions. Additionally, the microwave plasma torch interfaced with an MS was used to create and detect the pyrolysis and oxidized products of cembranoids. More degradation products were discovered, including oxidation products with the addition of one to three oxygen atoms, as well as a series of aromatic compounds such as 1,3,5‐heptatriene and its range of homologs. This research presented the different degradation pathways of cembranoids in flue‐cured tobacco during aging and curing processes, offering valuable insights for the enhancement of tobacco production techniques and quality control.
Identifying Cellular Immunodeficiency Through a Persistent Herpetic Whitlow
Authors: Blomen Chiara L. , Abeck Finn , Booken Nina , Siemann‐Harms Ute , Schneider Stefan W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCutaneous infections caused by HSV are common, with the oral and genital mucosa being most frequently affected (1, 2). In individuals with immunodeficiency, HSV‐2 caused skin lesions may appear severe and unusual, or occur simultaneously with other skin diseases (3). We report on a patient who presented with painful peri‐ and subungual hypergranulation of digitus III, accompanied by ulceration, honey‐coloured crusts and seropurulent exudate. Immunohistochemistry and PCR confirmed HSV‐2 caused chronic herpetic whitlow. Simultaneously, Herpes zoster and seborrhoeic dermatitis were diagnosed, leading to a thorough evaluation for underlying immunosuppressive conditions. While belonging to the MSM (Men who have sex with men) community, the patient declined HIV‐testing. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed a substantial reduction in CD4+ T‐cells, indicating severe cellular immunodeficiency. Following in‐depth conversations, the patient revealed that he had not undergone HIV testing due to anxiety of a positive test result and the potential associated social stigma. After underlining the significance of HIV testing for his own health, the risk of transmitting a potential infection to others, and informing about modern antiretroviral treatment, the patient ultimately decided to undergo testing, leading to HIV diagnosis. Antiretroviral medication was initiated, resulting in a reduction of HIV viral load and an improvement in cellular immunity. This case report demonstrates the enduring HIV stigma, which can lead to fear‐driven avoidance in HIV testing. Healthcare professionals should approach patients' fears with empathy, while also underscoring the importance of disclosing one's HIV status to others.