bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of translational noise on current reversals of active particles on ratchet
Authors: Chugh Anshika , Ganesh Rajaraman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the role of thermal fluctuations on the rectification of non-interacting active (self-propelled) particles in a rocking ratchet using Langevin dynamics simulations. For a fixed activity strength and driving amplitude, the direction of current is found to depend on the rotational diffusion, driving frequency, and the amplitude of translational noise. We obtain a phase diagram in the parameter space of translational noise and driving frequency for two different strengths of rotational diffusion. We discover certain critical parameters in the phase space at which current reversals happen. It is found that when the average particle energy is lower than the potential energy of the barrier, symmetry breaking dominates and the currents are in the ‘easy’ direction of the ratchet. On the other hand, when the energy available per particle crosses the potential energy of the barrier, the competition between inertial effects and diffusion effects decides the direction of currents. We explain our findings by constructing phase difference datum, velocity probability distribution, and current probability analyses. Our results provide a novel method for controlling the direction of transport of active particles.
The Causal Associations Between Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and 15 Mental Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Yang Mingyi , Xu Ke , Luo Pan , Feng Ruoyang , Wan Xianjie , Xie Jiale , Yu Hui , Xu Peng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: This study explored causal associations between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 15 common mental disorders.
Method: Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) was used in this study; JIA was regarded as exposure, and 15 mental disorders were regarded as outcomes. All data were obtained from the 8th FinnGen Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weight median, simple mode, and weight mode methods were used to estimate causal associations. The Cochrane Q test, Egger-intercept test, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and leave-one-out tests were performed to test heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and sensitivity of the results.
Result: IVW showed that JIA was an independent risk factor for autism (OR:1.179, 95%CI:1.031-1.348, P=0.016), bipolar disorder (OR:1.057, 95%CI:1.018-1.098, P=0.004), and depression (OR:1.025, 95%CI:1.009-1.041, P=0.002); it also showed that JIA was inversely associated with bulimia nervosa (OR:0.854, 95%CI:0.781-0.932, P=4.4×10-4). JIA did not affect the other 11 mental disorders. The sensitivity test showed that horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity did not exist (p>0.05). The reliability of the associations was tested using a leave-one-out test.
Conclusion: This study shows that JIA is associated with the risk of some mental disorders. It can provide genetic evidence for the early detection of mental disorders in children with JIA. Furthermore, it also provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive treatment of patients with JIA.
Study on the compositions and contents of phenols in different parts of the fruit of different jujube varieties
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhun , Pu Yunfeng , Wu Cuiyun , Yan Min , Zhang Qiaoqiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Phenol, an important bioactive substance in jujube fruit, is one of the most important indexes of fruit quality. In this study, six jujube varieties, Junzao (JZ), Dongzao (DZ), Pingguozao (PGZ), Fucuimi (FCM), Jinlingyuanzao (JLYZ) and Fengmiguan (FMG), were used as test materials to determine the phenolic substance compositions and total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of different parts of the fruit and to analyze them by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that a total of 14 phenolic substances were identified in the jujube fruit, including proanthocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, rhizobioside, quercetin, quercitrin, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin triglycoside kaempferol glycoside, ferulic acid, quercetin rhamnoside and P-coumaric acid.The JLYZ and JZ fruits were found to be rich in phenolic substances, with the highest content of polyphenols in the jujube peel and the lowest content of polyphenols in the external pulp. A comprehensive evaluation of phenolic contents in different jujube varieties and different parts of the fruit was conducted via principal component analysis: JZ received the highest comprehensive score, indicating that it can be used as an excellent variety for functional product development; the score of the peel was much higher than that of the pulp. The scores of different parts of the pulp ranked as follows: internal > lower > middle > upper > external. Therefore, the jujube peel and pulp near the core of the fruit have better development prospects and greater processing and utilization value.
Study on the fouling effect on OTSG flow and heat transfer performance
Authors: MAO Yulong , JIN Desheng , WANG Xiaoting , LI Kejia , MENG Shuqi , HU Yisong , HU Yousen , LU Xianghui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During power operation of nuclear reactors, corrosion products of various materials may deposit and form fouling on the primary and secondary sides of Once Through Steam Generator (OTSG) heat transfer tubes. Fouling will change the local flow area and heat transfer coefficient of heat transfer tubes, thus affecting the flow and heat transfer performance of OTSG. In this paper, a theoretical model of fouling effect on flow and heat transfer performance of nuclear OTSG is proposed, and the fouling experiment of OTSG heat transfer tubes is conducted. Based on LOCUST software, the flow and heat transfer capability of an OTSG at different fouling levels is compared. The results show that the fouling distribution on the primary side of OTSG heat transfer tube is uniform, which will lead to the increase of wall temperature and the decrease of wall pressure. The fouling on the secondary side of OTSG tubes is mainly concentrated in the two-phase region because of the influence of coolant flow pattern. The fouling will lead to the increase of wall temperature and the decrease of vapor super-heat, void fraction and pressure at the outlet of OTSG tubes. Microscopically, fouling will reduce the overall flow and heat transfer efficiency of OTSG.
Coconut oil ameliorates behavioral alterations in rat model of Alzheimer’s Disease via attenuating oxidative damage and cholinergic impairment and upregulating synaptic transmission
Authors: Belviranli Muaz , Okudan Nilsel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive impairment. Although coconut oil has been shown to be potentially beneficial in reducing AD-related cognitive deficits, information on its mechanism of action is limited. Thus, we investigated the effects of coconut oil on spatial cognitive ability and non-cognitive functions in a rat model of AD induced by G-galactose (D-GAL) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and examined the changes in synaptic transmission, cholinergic activity, neurotrophic factors and oxidative stress in this process. The AD model was established by administering D-GAL and AlCl3 for 90 days, while also supplementing with coconut oil during this time. Cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of the rats were evaluated at the end of the 90-day supplementation period. In addition, biochemical markers related to the pathogenesis of the AD were measures in the hippocampus tissue. Exposure to D-GAL/AlCl3 resulted in a reduction in locomotor activity and exploratory behavior, an elevation in anxiety-like behavior, and an impairment of spatial learning and memory. The aforementioned behavioral disturbances were observed to coincide with increased oxidative stress and cholinergic impairment, as well as reduced synaptic transmission and levels of neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Interestingly, treatment with coconut oil attenuated all the neuropathological changes mentioned above. These findings suggest that coconut oil shows protective effects against cognitive and non-cognitive impairment, AD pathology markers, oxidative stress, synaptic transmission, and cholinergic function in a D-GAL/AlCl3-induced AD rat model.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of the Biomet M2a-38: a Retrospective Review of 335 Total Hip Arthroplasty Cases
Authors: Campbell Dani Gaillard , Gross Thomas , Jones Caché 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: At the turn of the century, over one-third of total hip arthroplasties comprised metal-on-metal bearings. As this patient population and their implants age, it is crucial to understand associated late failure modes and expected long-term functional outcomes. We report the long-term results of a large metal-on-metal uncemented total hip arthroplasty system with unique design characteristics compared to others that have been reported with high failure rates.
Methods: We retrospectively analyze our prospective clinical database to determine overall implant survivorship and functional outcomes. Further, we compare these results to the clinical outcomes reported in orthopedic registries and in other published studies with similar metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty cohorts.
Results: Implant survivorship at 10 years was 99.1% and continued to 97.6% survivorship at 20 years. Implant survivorship at 20 years did not vary significantly between sexes (Male: 98.3%, Female: 97.2%; log-rank p-value=0.46). Mean whole blood cobalt levels were 2.6 µg/L in unilateral cases, 5.3 µg/L in bilateral patients, and 3.4 µg/L for the combined cohort. Average blood chromium levels were 1.4 µg/L in unilateral patients, 2.9 µg/L in bilateral patients, and 1.8 µg/L for group combined. We observed a 0.9% rate of failure due trunnion corrosion at a mean of 13.1 years postoperatively (10.6-15.6 years) but had no bearing wear failures.
Conclusions: Our 20-year implant survivorship of 97.6% with the M2a-38 bearing surpassed registry benchmarks for THA. This large-bearing (38 mm), full hemisphere coverage metal-on-metal system had no bearing wear failures, one failure of instability, one failure of fixation, and three trunnion failures, perhaps suggesting an optimum balance between stability of the joint and the trunnion.
Knowledge towards the Health Impacts of Climate Change and its Associated Factors among Community of Amhara Sayint District, Northeastern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Mulugeta Genanew , Malede Asmamaw , Gizeyatu Adinew , Adane Metadel , Embrandri Asha , Keleb Awoke , Berihun Gete , Kassa Abebe , Wegayehu Belachew Tekleyohannes , Abebe Gebremeskel Kibret , Zewde Tibebu Habte , Debela Sisay Abebe , Seyoum Solomon , Luke Amana Ogeto , Wondaya Gashaw , Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Moges Mekonnen , Gebrehiwot Mesfin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Climate change is mainly caused by the release of anthropogenic greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere. It is the cause for 10% of global death. About 3 billion people globally and tens of million people in Ethiopia are vulnerable to its health impacts. Investigation of public knowledge towards its health impacts, attributed by different factors, is fundamental for preventive actions. Although relevant national and international studies are on the verge of growing, focus is given for the agricultural perspective; accordingly, farmers are the focus of those studies. However, the community’s knowledge towards impacts of climate change from a public health perspective is largely ignored. This study takes this gap into account and aims to assess knowledge towards health impacts of climate change among the community of Amhara Sayint district, Northeastern Ethiopia. The findings will serve as tools for taking comprehensive preventive actions.
Methods
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 20 to September 5, 2022. Data was collected from 605 randomly selected households. A pilot-tested and content-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data through face to face interview using an online kobocollect.The data was then exported to STATA for management and analysis. Proportional odds model was fitted with 95% confidence level to identify factors associated with the knowledge of the community.
Results
From the total respondents, 3.47% (95% CI: 2.1, 5.3) and 42.98% (95% CI: 38.9, 47) had inadequate and medium level of knowledge towards the health impacts of climate change, respectively. Gender (female) (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.053, 2.127), wealth status (poorest) (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.831), educational status (unable to read and write) (AOR = 4.13, 95%CI: 1.25, 13.68) and participation in environmental protection activities (not) (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.17–2.71) significantly associated with inadequate and medium level of knowledge.
Conclusions
Though the majority of Amhara Sayint residents had adequate knowledge about the health impacts of climate change, a significant proportion of the residents had inadequate knowledge. Therefore, priority shall better be given for strengthening educational and active engagement of the community in environmental protection activities to further enhance public knowledge.
Difference in the Risk of Discrimination on Psychological Distress Experienced by Early Wave Infected and Late Wave Infected COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Hazumi Megumi , Kataoka Mayumi , Usuda Kentaro , Narita Zui , Okazaki Emi , Nishi Daisuke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The psychological distress experienced by coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) survivors after recovery from the illness is amplified by discrimination endured because of their infection status. However, the difference in the risk of facing discrimination and risk of experiencing psychological distress in the early and late waves of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the risk of facing discrimination because of infection status was lower in the early or late waves and whether risk of discrimination on psychological distress was more serious in later, rather than earlier waves. We conducted two online surveys to collect data from survivors divided into two groups. The participants with scores of five or more on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were identified as having experienced psychological distress. The participants were identified as having experienced discrimination based on infection status if they had endured being blamed, some type of discrimination, or having themselves or their families maligned. The timing of infection was split into infected during early waves of the pandemic for 2021 participants and infected during later waves of the pandemic for 2022 participants. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using experiences of discrimination as dependent variables and timing of infection as independent variables. Modified Poisson regression analyses were further performed using the presence of psychological distress as a dependent variable and experiences of discrimination and timing of infection as dependent variables, in addition to interaction effect of these independent variables. The data of 6,010 participants who were infected in early waves and 5,344 participants who were infected in later waves were analyzed. The risks of being blamed, some forms of discrimination, and participants and their families being maligned were significantly lower in the group who were infected in later waves than those infected in earlier waves. Experiences of discrimination were highly associated with psychological distress in those infected in later waves than those infected in earlier waves, while only being blamed showed a significant association. Risk of discrimination was found to be lower in those infected in later waves, whereas risk of discrimination on psychological distress was shown to be more serious in those infected in later waves. Therefore, we submit that it is more important to support COVID-19 survivors who face discrimination, than it is to attempt to decrease the current discriminatory climate caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Medical Image Diagnosis Based on Adaptive Hybrid Quantum CNN
Authors: Ajlouni Naim , Özyavaş Adem , Takaoğlu Mustafa , Takaoğlu Faruk , Ajlouni Firas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems have shown promise in image classification by combining the strengths of both classical and quantum algorithms. These systems leverage the parallel processing power of quantum computers to perform complex computations while utilizing classical algorithms to handle the vast amounts of data involved in imaging. The hybrid approach is intended to improve accuracy and speed compared to traditional classical methods. Further research and development in this area can revolutionize the way medical images are classified and help improve patient diagnosis and treatment. The use of Conventional Neural Networks (CNN) for the classification and diagnosis of medical images using big datasets requires, in most cases, the use of special high-performance computing machines, which are very expensive and hard to access by most researchers. A new form of Machine Learning (ML), Quantum machine learning (QML), is being introduced as an emerging strategy to overcome this problem. A hybrid quantum-classical CNN uses both quantum and classical convolution layers designed to use a parameterized quantum circuit. This means that the computing model utilizes a quantum circuits approach to construct QML algorithms, which are then used to transform the quantum state to extract image hidden features. This computational acceleration is expected to achieve better algorithm performance than classical CNNs. This study intends to evaluate the performance of a Hybrid Quantum CNN (HQCNN) against a conventional CNN. This will be followed by some optimizer modifications for both proposed and classical CNN methods to investigate the possible further improvement of their performance. The optimizer modification is based on forcing the optimizer to be directly adaptive to model accuracy. The optimizer adaptiveness will be based on the development of an optimizer with a loss base adaptive momentum. Several algorithms will be developed to achieve the above-mentioned goals, including CNN, QCNN, CNN with the adaptive optimizer, and QCNN with the Adaptive optimizer. The four algorithms will be tested against a Kaggle brin dataset containing over 7000 samples. The test results show the hybrid quantum circuit algorithm outperformed the conventional CNN algorithm. The performance of both algorithms was further improved by using a fully adaptive SGD optimizer.
Description of Oleispirillum naphthae gen. nov., sp. nov., a potential nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the order Rhodospirillales, and proposal of Oleispirillaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Peng Chenghui , Zhang Xue , Li Jiang , Yang Min , Ma Shichun , Fan Hui , Dai Lirong , Cheng Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A microaerophilic, gram-negative, motile, and spiral-shaped bacterium, designated Y-M2T, was isolated from oil sludge of Shengli oil field. The optimal growth condition of strain Y-M2T was at 25°C, pH 7.1, and in the absence of NaCl. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The main cellular fatty acid was iso C17:0 3-OH. It contained Q-9 and Q-10 as the predominant quinones. The DNA G + C content was 68.1 mol%. Strain Y-M2T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Telmatospirillum siberiense 26-4bT (90.13%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genomes showed that strain Y-M2T formed a distinct cluster in the order Rhodospirillales. Genomic analysis showed that Y-M2T possesses a complete nitrogen fixation cluster which was phylogenetically close to that of methanogene. The nitrogenases genes nif cluster were present in all N2-fixing strains in the order Rhodospirillales. Phylogeny, phenotype, chemotaxonomy, and genomic results demonstrated that strain Y-M2T represents a novel species of a novel genus in a novel family Oleispirillaceae fam. nov. in the order Rhodospirillales, for which the name Oleispirillum naphthae gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is Y-M2T (= CCAM 827T = JCM 34765T).
Is Data from Community Mortality Data Mechanisms and Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems Compatible and Co-Usable? Evidence from a pilot Study in Nigeria
Authors: Maduekwe Nnamdi Ifeanyi , Vincent Grace , Oladunjoye Mary Oluwadamilola , Adebayo Olalekan Luqman , Ntieno Inyangudo Gideaon , Oluwabunmi Folorunso , Ageloye Simileoluwa , Aloko Stephen Oladipo , Maduekwe Hilda Nwanneka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: Community mortality data mechanisms (CMDMs) -including verbal autopsy programmes and mortality surveillance systems-are taken as pragmatic solutions to the mortality data incapacity of CRVS systems in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). This paper addresses issues related to the compatibility and co-usability of CMDM and CRVS systems data instruments and data. It demonstrates a methodology for the development of a CRVS system compatible community mortality checklist (CMC) instrument applicable to a routine community mortality surveillance system (RCMS). It compares mortality data from the Nigerian CRVS system and a pilot implementation of RCMS using the CMC.
Methods: Development of the CMC was demonstrated with the Nigerian death registration data instrument. RCMS and CRVS generated data on 180 deaths were compared in nine mortality data fields or elements of registered mortality events (ERMEs): age and sex of deceased, timeliness of registration (TOR), place -facility- of death (POD), locality of death, place of registration, death certification, and causes of death (COD).
Results: Differences between RCMS and CRVS mortality data were insignificant in some ERMEs like age, sex and POD of deceased but significant in others like TOR, COD and locality of death. CRVS data were slightly less male biased and more concentrated at older age groups while RCMS data were more evenly spread across age groups.
Conclusion: Data from the two sources are largely compatible. CMC based RCMS can significantly expand coverage of CRVS mortality data in LMICs and help adjust its sex and age bias.
Know your enemy and know yourself: mechanism of contest resolution in the European stag beetle (Lucanus cervus)
Authors: De Zan Lara Redolfi , Carpaneto Giuseppe Maria , Romiti Federico 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Intraspecific competition rely on the assessment of the best strategies to resolve conflicts among individuals. Assessing their own and/or the opponent’s fighting ability, referred to as the resource holding potential (RHP), is crucial to minimise energetic costs. A multiple analysis approach was used to test the main assessment models and describe contest resolution in the European stag beetles (Lucanus cervus), according to game theory.L. cervusmales possess enlarged mandibles, which exhibit great morphological and size variation, used as weapons to dislodge their opponent from branches. We measured RHP associated with offensive (mandibles) and defensive weapons (strength in seizing the substrate) and staged dyadic contests between size-matched and size-unmatched males. To describe the mechanism of contest resolution we analysed the effect of RHP on contest duration, contest dynamic (sequential analysis) and behavioural matching between opponents. Relationships between contest duration and RHP cannot reject partial mutual assessment, but sequential analysis, behavioural mismatch and absence of injuries supported the mutual assessment mechanism. Both small and largeL. cervusmales assess both self and opponent RHP, performing high-energy costly behaviours only when deemed necessary. This limited war strategy may have evolved to minimise the costs and prevent injuries associated with aggressive interactions.