bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD224 Evaluating Participant Satisfaction In Health Technology Assessment Reports: A Survey Study In Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Llinàs-Mallol Laura , Moltó-Puigmartí Carolina , Segur-Ferrer oan , Ruiz-Baena Jessica , Gallastegui Edurne , Pla Anna Godo , Estrada Sabadell Maria Dolors , Vivanco-Hidalgo Rosa Maria 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDeveloping a health technology assessment (HTA) report requires the involvement of relevant stakeholders, specifically healthcare professionals, patients, and industry representatives. Evaluating the satisfaction of participants in HTA reports is crucial to improving internal procedures and increasing the participation of stakeholders, who play a crucial role in adding knowledge and experience to the reports.MethodsWe developed a nine-question survey to assess the satisfaction of healthcare professionals and patients involved in HTA reports. The questions evaluated global satisfaction with participating in the HTA report (scored 0 to 10), as well as with the information received to develop tasks within the report and the time given to perform them. Healthcare professionals (n=86), patients (n=3), and contributors to outcome prioritization (n=4) involved in 12 HTA reports developed in Catalonia, Spain were invited to participate.ResultsThirty-two contributors (34.4%) responded. Twenty-nine were healthcare professionals (33.7% response rate) and three were patients (100% response rate); 59.4 percent of respondents had only participated in one HTA report. Contributors rated their participation with 8.53 points, with external reviewers and patients being the most satisfied collaborators (9.33 and 9.00 points, respectively). Twenty-eight participants (87.5%) felt they had received enough information to develop their tasks in the report, while the other four (12.5%) would have preferred more specific information about the aims of the evaluation. All but one contributor was satisfied with the amount of time given to perform the required tasks.ConclusionsCollaborators in HTA reports were satisfied with their participation. Both the information provided about the tasks and the time provided to perform them were adequate. Nevertheless, the assessment team must always ensure that the aims of the evaluation are clear to everyone. We plan to evaluate the satisfaction of industry collaborators in the near future.
PD229 “It’s All About Layers”: Painting The Picture Of Health Inequalities For Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Malcolm Robert , Woods Sam , Holmes Hayden 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionHealth inequalities can be described as avoidable, systematic, and unjust differences in health between different groups within society. This research described and evaluated potential methods to measure the effects of health inequalities that could be used in health technology assessment (HTA) in the UK. The research included recommendations for current and future policy objectives relating to incorporating health inequalities.MethodsA targeted literature review was conducted to identify methodological approaches used to incorporate health inequalities in HTA. Stakeholder interviews and a workshop were conducted with a range of stakeholders in the UK. This engagement aimed to discuss any gaps in the literature and to assess whether attitudes, methods, and policies were evolving at the same rate as the literature. Other aims of the engagement included obtaining stakeholder views on health inequalities and a better understanding of the perspectives of decision-makers.ResultsFive potential methods were identified to account for health inequalities, with equity-based weighting and distributional cost-effectiveness analysis considered to be the most feasible quantification methods. Stakeholders reiterated that a deliberative process should remain the center of HTA. Stakeholders also raised issues such as the burden on committees, trade-offs between complexity and accessibility, and the importance of measuring the size and direction of inequality impacts. Recommendations were then produced based on these findings to better account for inequalities in HTA, highlighting the importance of combining a range of approaches.ConclusionsBoth companies and HTA agencies should be more proactive in accounting for health inequalities. Companies should be encouraged to provide quantitative analysis on health inequalities, while decision-makers should be trained in new methods. Despite the recent rise in quantitative methods, qualitative methods remain extremely important for a layered approach to considering health inequalities.
PD237 Perspectives On Involvement In Health Technology Assessment: Insights From Representatives Of Persons With Mental Health Conditions
Authors: López Jorge Alonso , Faraldo Vallés María José , Gómez-Salgado Patricia 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe participation of people with mental health conditions or patient representatives is of relevance in the health technology assessment (HTA) field, although there are some challenges that need to be considered. This study was designed to gain the perspectives of patient representatives with experience participating in HTA projects, with the aim of delving into the main issues and proposing ideas for the future.MethodsA structured interview, based on five open-ended questions, was formulated and distributed via email. Five patient representatives from the Saúde Mental FEAFES Galicia (the Federation of Associations of Family Members and Persons with Mental Illness of Galicia, Spain) who had actively engaged in HTA projects over the past five years participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants underscored the pivotal role of involving persons with mental health conditions and their representatives in HTA and emphasized the importance of knowing their perspectives, preferences, and values. Challenges included the complexity of HTA reports and processes, in terms of length and the technical language used, and socioeconomic barriers. Proposed solutions included material adaptation, streamlined processes, and institutional and professional support. Future recommendations emphasized improving awareness, disseminating the HTA field, fostering active participation, and emphasizing the relevance of participating in the HTA process. Of particular significance was the encouragement of training and capacity building among patients with mental health conditions.ConclusionsThis study reveals the need to strengthen and facilitate the participation of individuals with mental health conditions in HTA processes, and emphasizes the importance of knowing their perspectives, preferences, and values. Recommendations include training and capacity building, simplifying materials and processes, and providing adequate support.
The Old Republic: Clientelism in American Political Development
Authors: Broxmeyer Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe American state was a republic of patrons and clients throughout the Long Nineteenth Century. Unequal ties of hierarchy and reciprocity went far beyond the partisan administration and electioneering that we associate with the spoils system. As a form of “belated feudalism,” clientelism proved resilient because it was a familial property relation embedded within a diverse and changing society. Officeholding politics subsumed a host of racialized and gendered dependents—White men of lower status, women, children, and the enslaved—into the penumbra of the state, which itself was governed via the extended party household. What elements of patron–client relations endured or changed from the colonial inheritance until the New Deal? This article reinterprets the republic’s classical age, first, by exploring the origins of party patrimonialism, and then, by examining the dynamics of officeholding political economy and the rise of markets for patronage. Political rule before the New Deal had a different orientation. Clientelism fused older lineages of dependence with the kind of profit-seeking exchanges typical of the burgeoning capitalist economy. It was this mixed state, at once patrimonial and capitalist, that proved so difficult to reform at the turn of the twentieth century.
Access to healthcare for children with CHDs in middle and low-income countries: a systematic literature review
Authors: Lopez-Barreda Rodrigo , Salas Wilbaldo , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim , Ibla Juan C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
CHD includes a wide range of cardiac disorders present at birth. If appropriate care is delivered in time, the prognosis is relatively good. However, in many parts of the world, access to healthcare continues to be a problem for these patients, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to synthesise and analyse the available evidence to provide a deeper understanding of this problem. The literature search identified 1578 articles, and the final selection included 57 articles. Using the patient-centred healthcare access framework for identifying facilitators and barriers, issues were found at all levels of the health provision pathway, of which diagnosis, referral systems, lack of qualified institutions/health professionals, financing, inappropriate health insurance, and quality of care stand out. More evidence is needed to analyse the effect of potential barriers linked to acceptability. Given the nature of the barriers that this population faces, solutions depend on the health system and the local context.
The prevalence and consequences of support for off-label Ozempic prescriptions
Authors: Callaghan Timothy , Motta Matthew , Stein Michael , Goidel Kirby 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ozempic and related semaglutide drugs represent a popular new strategy to address obesity in the United States, yet uptake of these medications has sparked opposition highlighting concerns about off-label drug use policies, drug safety, supply shortages and cost. Public attitudes towards off-label prescribing by physicians broadly, and towards Ozempic in particular, in light of this opposition are unclear. To better understand public sentiment on this topic, we analysed data from a representative survey of 3,420 US adults conducted from 13 to 22 June 2023. Public attitudes towards off-label prescribing were split, with 46.3 percent supporting physician discretion to prescribe off-label. Importantly though, 58 percent of respondents were at least somewhat concerned about Ozempic supply shortages caused by off-label use and 63 percent were concerned about Ozempic safety in the context of off-label use. Further analysis from an embedded survey experiment shows that rhetoric highlighting safety (but not supply) concerns surrounding off-label Ozempic prescribing is associated with a significant drop in support for off-label use. These results suggest that the introduction of obesity drugs like Ozempic present a pharmaceutical industry-led path for combatting obesity, but rhetoric opposing these drugs could blunt public support and uptake.
Exploring the Use of Adaptive Teaching Methods to Improve Class Engagement with a Year 9 Latin Class in Chapter 13 of Suburani
Authors: Shirley Izzy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
After beginning to teach a year 9 Latin class I noticed a distinct lack of engagement from the majority of the pupils. I decided to use four different adaptive teaching strategies to try to improve engagement from the class. After choosing the four strategies (grouping, questioning, input, and choice) I planned four consecutive lessons around the strategies and modern literature. The study showed that adaptive teaching strategies work best when teachers have good prior knowledge of individual pupils. Without this prior knowledge, I feel the two most successful strategies, grouping and input, would have been significantly less effective. The less effective of the four strategies, questioning and choice, could have been successful with more time and if they were used consistently throughout the teaching year. They both need time in order to develop the way in which they are used by teachers (specifically questioning) and by pupils (both choice and questioning), which is something I will be considering when starting my teaching career.
Interannual Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait Associated With the 2015/2016 Super El Niño
Authors: Xu Wending , Yuan Dongliang , Li Mingting 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the Makassar Strait in 2015–2017 is analyzed using observations and ORAS5 reanalysis data. Strong northward and ensuing strong southward current anomalies in the sub‐thermocline Makassar Strait are identified during and after the 2015/2016 El Niño, respectively. However, the upper layer current anomalies are weakly southward in September–October 2015 and strongly northward in April 2016 through April 2017. These anomalies of the Makassar Strait throughflow in the upper layer are found to be induced mainly by Indian Ocean Kelvin waves forcing sea surface height anomalies off the south Java coasts. The sub‐thermocline current anomalies are found to be generated by the westward and downward propagation of interannual Rossby waves from the central equatorial Pacific during and after the 2015/2016 El Niño. The results underline the importance of the planetary wave propagation into the Indonesian seas in forcing the ITF anomalies.
Increasing Tephra Deposition in Northeastern North America Points to Atmospheric Circulation Changes at the Early Mid Holocene Transition
Authors: Monteath A. J. , Jensen B. J. L. , Davies L. J. , Bolton M. S. M. , Hughes P. D. M. , Mackay H. , Edwards M. E. , Finkenbinder M. , Booth R. K. , Cwynar L. C. , Harvey J. , Pyne‐O’Donnell S. , Papp C. N. , Froese D. G. , Mallon G. , Amesbury M. J. , Mayfield R. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe number of cryptotephra (non‐visible volcanic ash) records from northeastern North America is unique in the continent. The resulting tephrostratigraphic framework includes ash deposits sourced from volcanic arcs across the Northern Hemisphere and is an exceptional resource for correlating and dating paleoenvironmental records. It also provides an opportunity to explore more novel questions regarding the controls on ultra‐distal tephra (volcanic ash >3,000 km from source) dispersal and deposition. Here, we examine temporal patterns in the tephrostratigraphy of northeastern North America to test the legitimacy of a previously noted change in ash deposition frequency at the Early Mid Holocene transition. We integrate five new cryptotephra records into the existing framework to improve its temporal and spatial extent and report further occurrences of widespread cryptotephra deposits including Mt. St. Helens We, Jala pumice, White River Ash east, Ruppert tephra, Mt. St. Helens Yn and Mazama Ash. Reexamination of the combined tephrostratigraphy using breakpoint analysis shows a significant increase in the frequency of ashfall after ca. 9,000 (7,860–9,650) cal yr BP (calendar years before C.E. 1950). We discuss this change in relation to volcanic and environmental controls of fine ash dispersal and preservation. We reject hypotheses relating to eruption frequency or depositional processes in favor of changing atmospheric transport patterns and tephra dispersal—possibly caused by the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Our study is a novel example of how tephrostratigraphy can be used beyond traditional correlative and dating studies, in this case indicating large‐scale changes in atmospheric circulation through time.
Silyloxy-substituted anthraquinones as Type I photoinitiators for visible light-induced radical polymerization
Authors: Lee Eunseok , Sekizawa Takuya , Kobayashi-Miyajima Yuki , Hirose Takaya , Himori Shunichi , Yamada Akihiko , Gotoh Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmong the photoinitiators that can be activated using ultraviolet-visible light-emitting diodes, Type I photoinitiators often contain sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus and may affect human health and the environment, whereas Type II photoinitiators typically contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, as exemplified by anthraquinone derivatives, but require coinitiators. Hence, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-free Type I photoinitiators are highly desirable. In our pursuit of such photoinitiators, we examined the ability of different silyloxyanthraquinones to initiate radical photopolymerization upon irradiation at 405 nm and found that some achieved high conversion in the absence of a coinitiator. The initiation mechanism was probed by analyzing the photolysis products, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and isotope labeling experiments. The 1-substituted silyloxy compounds acted as Type I photoinitiators, generating isopropyl radicals as the initiating species. These compounds are among the very few known Type I photoinitiators with an anthraquinone skeleton that are sensitive to 405 nm visible light. The findings of this study facilitate the design of clean initiators free of the sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus commonly present in other Type I initiators.
Canine Best disease as a translational model
Authors: Aguirre Gustavo D. , Beltran William A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this review, we summarize the findings of several pre-clinical studies in the canine BEST1 disease model. To this end, client-owned and purpose bred dogs that were compound heterozygotes or homozygotes, respectively, for two or one of 3 different mutations in BEST1 were evaluated by ophthalmic examination, cSLO/sdOCT imaging, and retinal immunohistochemistry to characterize the clinical and microanatomic features of the disease. Subsequently AAV-mediated gene therapy was done to transfer the BEST1 transgene to the RPE under control of a hVMD2 promoter. We demonstrated that canine bestrophinopathies are an RPE-photoreceptor interface disease with underdeveloped RPE apical microvilli that invest rod and cone outer segments. This leads to microdetachments which later progress to clinically evident RPE-retinal separation and a spectrum of disease stages, ranging from vitelliform to vitelliruptive/atrophic lesions, similar to Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy (BVMD). Gene therapy corrects the microdetachments and reverses large lesions when delivered at the pseudohypopyon stage of disease. Because of the similar clinical and microstructural abnormalities between the canine model and BVMD, and positive response to gene therapy, the canine model is a valuable translational model for developing gene and other therapies for BVMD.
Exposing the obscured influence of state-controlled media via causal inference of quotation propagation
Authors: Schlessinger Joseph , Bennet Richard , Coakwell Jacob , Smith Steven , Kao Edward 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReporting by major media outlets influences news coverage by other outlets, resulting in an outsized impact on public opinion. Understanding this inter-outlet influence, known as intermedia agenda setting, is important for assessing the impact of state media and strategic communications. We demonstrate a novel method to quantify inter-outlet influence using causal inference on “quote following,” where one outlet uses the same quote as another outlet at a later date. By applying our methodology to a dataset of quotes from over 100,000 articles published in European media between May 2018 and October 2019, we reveal obscured influence by Russian state-affiliated media over other outlets and the general dynamics of European media. We find that Russian state-controlled media have a strong influence on the coverage of other Russian outlets, including independent outlets. Moreover, this influence extends to media ecosystems of other countries. Finally, we demonstrate quantifying inter-outlet influence on the specific topic of nuclear forces treaty, as an example of precision study of intermedia agenda setting on specific issues. Overall, our methodology quantifies sources and channels of influence between news outlets with important implications for strategic communication, influence operations, and media independence.
Examination of the requirements for powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) utilization as an alternative to lockdown
Authors: Fujii Yusaku 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the emergence of COVID-19 variants and new viruses, it remains uncertain when the next pandemic will occur. A lockdown is considered the last resort to halt the spread of infection; however, it causes significant economic and social damage. Therefore, exploring less harmful alternatives during such scenarios is crucial. This study explores the feasibility of using a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) as an alternative to lockdowns and as a strategy for infection control. Specifically, the study examines the potential impact of the PAPR wearing rate and PAPR aerosol shielding performance on the controllability of the spread of infections. The study investigated the necessary PAPR wearing rate and aerosol shielding performance to control infections as an alternative to the lockdown, using a simple simulation under limited conditions. When using a PAPR with 100% aerosol shielding capability in air supply, only 55% of the population needs to consistently wear the PAPR to reduce the effective reproduction number from a critical level (Rt = 2) to a target level (Rt = 0.9). Furthermore, if everyone consistently wears PAPR, only 55% the reduction ratio in the probability of becoming infected by PAPR supplying air Ir_in is enough for reducing the effective reproduction number from a critical level (Rt = 2) to a target level (Rt = 0.9). This study demonstrates the potential for utilizing PAPR as an alternative to lockdowns.