bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR‐induced exon skipping of β‐catenin reveals tumorigenic mutants driving distinct subtypes of liver cancer
Authors: Mou Haiwei , Eskiocak Onur , Özler Kadir A. , Gorman Megan , Yue Junjiayu , Jin Ying , Wang Zhikai , Gao Ya , Janowitz Tobias , Meyer Hannah V. , Yu Tianxiong , Wilkinson John E , Kucukural Alper , Ozata Deniz M. , Beyaz Semir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9‐driven cancer modeling studies are based on the disruption of tumor suppressor genes by small insertions or deletions (indels) that lead to frame‐shift mutations. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used to define the significance of cancer oncogenes and genetic dependencies in loss‐of‐function studies. However, how CRISPR/Cas9 influences gain‐of‐function oncogenic mutations is elusive. Here, we demonstrate that single guide RNA targeting exon 3 of Ctnnb1 (encoding β‐catenin) results in exon skipping and generates gain‐of‐function isoforms in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated exon skipping of Ctnnb1 induces liver tumor formation in synergy with YAPS127A in mice. We define two distinct exon skipping‐induced tumor subtypes with different histological and transcriptional features. Notably, ectopic expression of two exon‐skipped β‐catenin transcript isoforms together with YAPS127A phenocopies the two distinct subtypes of liver cancer. Moreover, we identify similar CTNNB1 exon‐skipping events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of β‐catenin‐related tumorigenesis and reveal that CRISPR/Cas9 can be repurposed, in vivo, to study gain‐of‐function mutations of oncogenes in cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
SN‐38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, enhances anti‐PD‐1 treatment efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yi‐Mei , Chen Yu‐Hsin , Ou Da‐Liang , Hsu Chia‐Lang , Liu Jia‐Hua , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Hu Mickey C‐T , Tan Ching‐Ting 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnti‐programmed cell death 1 (anti‐PD‐1) therapy shows definite but modest activity in patients with advanced/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Preliminary evidence suggests that SN‐38, an activated form of irinotecan that increases expression of the transcription factor FoxO3a, can suppress programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression in breast and ovarian tumor models. We analyzed the SN‐38‐mediated activation of natural killer cells in vitro and explored the efficacy of SN‐38 in combination with anti‐PD‐1 for treatment in vivo. In vitro, SN‐38 enhanced the expression of FoxO3a and reduced the expression of c‐Myc and PD‐L1 dose‐dependently in tumor cells. Low‐dose SN‐38 increased interferon‐γ secretion by NK cells and promoted NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in tumor cells. In vivo studies revealed that at non‐cytotoxic drug concentrations, SN‐38 significantly enhanced anti‐PD‐1 activity in suppressing murine tumor growth. We found increased NK cell and CD8+ T‐cell infiltration in post‐treatment tumors. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that SN‐38 increased the enrichment of immune cells and biological function genes related to the immune responses. SN‐38 is a potentially beneficial adjunct to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in HNSCC. Further studies exploring its mechanism of action and possible applications are necessary. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
End‐group controlling aqueous solution properties in star‐shaped poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) polymers
Authors: Hermosillo‐Ochoa Eduardo , Cortez‐Lemus Norma A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStar‐shaped poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)6 polymers were synthesized using hexafunctional chain transfer agent (CTA) trithiocarbonate type via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The (PHEA)6 polymers with dodecyl chain‐end were non‐water soluble. As the molecular weight increased, the polymers could disperse in water, forming large aggregates with a DH of 1027 to 525 nm. On the contrary, the (PHEA)6 polymers with the carboxylic acid group at the chain‐end were completely soluble in water. Then, (PHEA)6 polymers were chain extended with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) to obtain poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PHEA‐b‐PNIPAM) block copolymers. The dodecyl group strongly affects the aqueous solution properties of the copolymers even with a high PNIPAM content. Copolymers with dodecyl chain‐end were insoluble or partially soluble in water, forming large aggregates (0.5 mg/ml in distilled water). The copolymers with carboxylic acid end‐group were totally water soluble. The thermo‐responsive phase behavior of the star‐shaped block copolymers was studied, and for this purpose, it was necessary to remove the RAFT group containing the dodecyl tail. The intense turbidity observed in the aqueous dispersions of the corresponding copolymers made it challenging to determine the LCST accurately. The copolymers with a carboxylic end group were evaluated as is.
ALP Production in Weak Mesonic Decays
Authors: Guerrera A.W.M. , Rigolin S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAxion–Like–Particles are among the most economical and well motivated extensions of the Standard Model. In this work ALP production from hadronic and leptonic meson decays are studied. The hadronization part of these decay amplitudes have been obtained using Brodsky–Lepage method or LQCD, at needs. In particular, the general expressions for ALP emission in mesonic s– and t–channel tree–level processes are thoroughly discussed, for pseudoscalar and vector mesons. Accordingly, the calculation of the decay amplitudes for and are presented. Finally, bounds on the (low–energy effective Lagrangian) ALP–fermion couplings are derived, from present and future flavor experiments.
Metabolism of sumatriptan revisited
Authors: Pöstges Timo , Lehr Matthias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScientific literature describes that sumatriptan is metabolized by oxidative deamination of its dimethylaminoethyl residue by monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and not by cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐mediated demethylation, as is usual for such structural elements. Using recombinant human enzymes and HPLC‐MS analysis, we found that CYP enzymes may also be involved in the metabolism of sumatriptan. The CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 isoforms converted this drug into N‐desmethyl sumatriptan, which was further demethylated to N,N‐didesmethyl sumatriptan by CYP1A2 and CYP2D6. Otherwise, sumatriptan and its two desmethyl metabolites were metabolized by recombinant MAO A but not by MAO B to the corresponding acetaldehyde, with sumatriptan being only a poor substrate for MAO A compared to the N‐demethylated and the N,N‐didemethylated derivatives.
Effects of far‐red light on tritrophic interactions between the two‐spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis on tomato
Authors: Meijer Davy , van der Vleut Jaimie , Weldegergis Berhane T. , Costaz Thibault , Duarte Marcus Vinicius Alfenas , Pekas Apostolos , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of light‐emitting diode (LED) lights in horticulture allows growers to adjust the light spectrum to optimize crop production and quality. However, changes in light quality can also influence plant–arthropod interactions, with possible consequences for pest management. The addition of far‐red light has been shown to interfere with plant immunity, thereby increasing plant susceptibility to biotic stress and increasing pest performance. Far‐red light also influences plant emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and might thus influence tritrophic interactions with biological control agents. We investigated how far‐red light influences the VOC‐mediated attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to tomato plants infested with Tetranychus urticae, and its ability to control T. urticae populations.RESULTSFar‐red light significantly influences herbivore‐induced VOC emissions of tomato plants, characterized by a change in relative abundance of terpenoids, but this did not influence the attraction of P. persimilis to herbivore‐induced plants. Supplemental far‐red light led to an increased population growth of T. urticae and increased numbers of P. persimilis. This resulted in a stronger suppression of T. urticae populations under supplemental far‐red light, to similar T. urticae numbers as in control conditions without supplemental far‐red light.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that supplemental far‐red light can change herbivore‐induced VOC emissions but does not interfere with the attraction of the predator P. persimilis. Moreover, far‐red light stimulates biological control of spider mites in glasshouse tomatoes due to increased population build‐up of the biocontrol agent. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Are root parasitic broomrapes still a good target for bioherbicide control?
Authors: Vurro Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRoot parasitic weeds of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (commonly named broomrapes) are responsible for enormous yield losses of several crops all around the world. Traditional weed management methods, including among others the use of herbicides, soil fumigation and solarization, and mechanical, agronomic or physical methods, may have limits of use or can provide a modicum of control. Difficulties in controlling parasitic weeds are due to both the enormous number of seeds produced by each plant that can remain viable for many years, even in the absence of a host, and to the unique physiological and biological properties of the parasite. Although long considered a suitable and promising approach, biological control, in particular the use of microbial organisms or compounds stimulating or inhibiting seed germination, has had no commercial success and no products have reached the market. This article provides a quick overview of the bioherbicide approaches attempted until now, briefly discussing the causes of the failures and the possibility to improve biocontrol agents’ effectiveness. Indeed, despite the failures, the ‘bioherbicide’ approach deserves renewed interest in light of the enormous scientific and technological progress made in past years, which offers new chances of success. © 2023 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic generalized fast initial response for EWMA control schemes for monitoring processes with startup and post‐startup problems
Authors: Ajibade Ganiyu Ayodele , Enoch Opeyemi Oluwole 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control schemes have been proven to be very effective at monitoring random shifts or disturbances in a given process. However, EWMA is somewhat insensitive to the shifts at the process startup. Consequently, fast initial response feature (FIR) or headstart has often been used to increase the sensitivity of EWMA at the process startup. Although FIR feature significantly increases the sensitivity of the EWMA at the startup, its effects diminished after few observations thereby making FIR‐based schemes less sensitive compared to the classical EWMA at the process post‐startup. In this paper, we proposed the dynamic generalized fast initial response for the EWMA control schemes for monitoring processes with startup and post‐startup problems. The proposed scheme is highly sensitive at the startup and has a sensitivity equal to that of the classical EWMA at the process post‐startup. The average run length based performance comparisons of the proposed chart and its counterparts are presented. Real‐life examples are offered to demonstrate the applications of the proposed scheme.
First‐principles study on stability, Debye temperature, mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of Fe2B compounds
Authors: Wei Xiang , Chen Zhiguo , Mao Hong , Peng Guangwei , Liu Baogang , Wu Jiwen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the stability, Debye temperature, mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of four kinds of Fe2B with the different crystal structures were investigated by first‐principles calculation, and the results of Fe2B with or without spin polarization were comparatively analyzed. It was found that spin polarization increases the thermodynamic stability and Debye temperature of T1 (ICSD NO: 30446) and T2 (42530), but reduces that of T3 (16809) and T4 (160789). Only T1 and T2 are thermodynamically stable compounds, but all of the Fe2B are mechanically stable. Ferromagnetic T1 and T2 have the largest Young's modulus, shear modulus, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness. Moreover, their Vickers hardness is much larger than that of the others. Electronic structures revealed that the larger modulus (B, E and G) of T1 and T2 originate from their stronger Fe‐Fe bonds and/or weaker elastic anisotropy. The Ms of unit cell of T3 and T4 are larger than that of T1 and T2. Thus, ferromagnetic T1 and T2 can be considered as the excellent candidates for high‐performance wear‐resistance materials and strong ferromagnetic materials with high hardness, whereas the T3 and T4 are just suitable for the application of strong ferromagnetic materials without wear.
Influence of early‐age vibration on concrete strength
Authors: Basler Felix , Mähner Dietmar , Fischer Oliver , Hilbig Harald 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis report examines the strength of young and early age concrete that has been systematically exposed to horizontal, sinusoidal vibrations with varying vibration parameters. Specimens were subjected to vibrations of predefined vibration times (4–14 h) and the compressive strength was determined after a period of 28 days. It was found that the different parameters have no critical influence on compressive strength and that vibration prior to initial setting of the concrete can increase its strength. Additional information to examine the reasons for this increase was obtained by further investigations (nuclear magnetic resonance, x‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis).
One World: Refugee youth incubating epistemologies toward rightful presence with/in community‐drivenSTEM
Authors: Tan Edna , Faircloth Beverly 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how recently resettled refugee youth took up STEM‐rich making experiences at an after‐school community club in relation to negotiating their resettlement process. Using critical participatory ethnography grounded in sustained engagement with and in community, authors 1 and 2 worked with refugee youth through sustained STEM‐rich making programming where youth innovated and created products that they needed but did not have access to, at their residential community center. We draw on atmospheric walls (alienating messaging built into spaces) and rightful presence toward justice in teaching and learning, as complimentary conceptual frameworks to guide this study. Findings illustrate how youth engaged in allied political struggles to identify atmospheric walls at work in the community and how they seeded moments of rightful presence through leveraging both human and material resources in their STEM‐rich making club. We discuss incubating epistemologies as a making present practice, especially in how particular power structures in refugee communities were made visible and specific stakeholders and their actions, identifiable. How youth engaged in allied political struggles through community‐driven STEM, nested within the social dynamics of their resettlement process, is unpacked. This study provides insights into the possibilities for community‐driven science. When STEM‐rich maker education is driven by communities' needs and grounded in their epistemologies, it can attend to both epistemic rigor while also addressing injustice. We discuss the implications that a stance on community‐driven science raises for the role of science education, especially when we concern ourselves with the whole lives of refugee youth.
Simulation of the shock wave boundary layer interaction in flat channel with jet injection
Authors: Beketaeva Assel O. , Naimanova Altynshash Zh. , Shakhan Nurtoleu , Zadauly Akerke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe improvement of the mixing of the injected jet fuel in the cross‐flow oxidant (jet in cross‐flow (JICF)) in the scramjet combustor is still remains opened problem. JICF is accompanied with the formation of shock structures and leads to the shock wave boundary layer interactions (SWBLI) at the walls of the combustion chamber. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the interaction of the bow shock wave with the upper boundary layer and shock wave (reflected from the upper wall) with lower surface flow behind the jet on the mixture layer mechanism. For that, the numerical simulation of a supersonic flow with a transverse multispecies jet injection from the bottom wall of the plane channel with variations of the channel heights and the jet pressure ratio is done. The multispecies supersonic gas flow in a planar channel with perpendicular jet injection is numerically simulated. The Favre‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with the k‐ω turbulence model are solved using the fourth order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO)‐scheme. The simulation correctly captured the main flow features near the jet and the comparison with the experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement. The reflected shock wave, formed as a result of the interaction of a bow shock wave with the boundary layer (SWBLI), reaches the lower boundary layer behind the jet and interacts with them. The numerical experiments reveal show that this shock/wave interaction causes an oscillation of the flow. The channel height variations show that with a decrease of the height the mixing rate increased.
Ziele des Strafverfahrens und strafprozessualer Opferschutz
Authors: Hochstätter Ulrica 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ziele des Strafverfahrens gründen sich auf die Elemente der Wahrheit, der Gerechtigkeit und des Rechtsfriedens. Diese stehen zueinander in einem „labilen Gleichgewicht“. Die Suche nach der Wahrheit im Strafprozess bezieht sich auf die Sachverhaltsfeststellung und den Beweis aller materiell-rechtlichen Umstände. Sie wird begrenzt auf die Fakten, die für die konkrete Tat relevant sind.
Terroristische Anschläge
Authors: Hochstätter Ulrica 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden gilt es zu untersuchen, ob sich die Bedürfnisse von Terroropfern von denen anderer Kriminalitätsopfer unterscheiden und sich hieraus Folgerungen für das Strafjustizsystem ableiten lassen, bevor sodann geprüft werden kann, inwieweit die im vierten Kapitel skizzierten Opferschutzvorschriften auf Terroropfer Anwendung finden können. Zunächst soll der Begriff des Terrorismus definiert und sodann deskriptiv die Phänomenologie dieser Taten vor dem individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergrund unter dem Blickwinkel viktimologischer Herausforderungen analysiert werden.
Passung von Opfererwartungen mit strafprozessualen Schutzvorschriften
Authors: Hochstätter Ulrica 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungNachfolgend soll untersucht werden, inwieweit die festgestellten Bedürfnisse eine Passung zu den Opferrechten in der Strafprozessordnung aufweisen. Hier sind folgende Aspekte zu berücksichtigen: Die ermittelten und an das Strafjustizsystem gerichteten Bedarfe sind überwiegend psychosozialer Natur. Die Rechtswissenschaft hat dagegen normativen Charakter.
Impact of Preoperative Patient Education on Postoperative Recovery in Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brodersen Freya , Wagner Jonas , Uzunoglu Faik Güntac , Petersen‐Ewert Corinna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient education is recommended as an essential component of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols. However, there are many uncertainties regarding content and methodological criteria, which may have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the intervention. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of preoperative patient education on postoperative recovery in abdominal surgery and to examine different patient education strategies for their effectiveness.MethodsWe performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched from 2011 to 2022. All studies investigating the effect of preoperative patient education on postoperative recovery in abdominal surgery were included. A critical quality assessment of all included studies was performed.ResultsWe identified 826 potentially suitable articles via a database search and included 12 studies in this review. The majority of the included studies reported a reduction in the length of hospital stay (LOS) and even a reduction in postoperative complications and adverse events. Patients with preoperative education seemed to have lower psychological stress and experience less anxiety. However, the contents, delivery, and general conditions were implemented differently, making comparison difficult. Moreover, the majority of the included studies were weak in quality.ConclusionWith this review, we report potential effects, current implementations, and frameworks of patient education. However, the results must be interpreted with caution and are not directly transferable to clinical practice. Further studies in this field are necessary to make concrete recommendations for clinical practice.