bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined use of body condition score, radiography, and computed tomography in body condition evaluation of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)
Authors: Ferro Barbara Sardela , Silva Jeana Pereira , Testa Carolyne Assis Eigenheer Pinke , Camargo Gabriel Corrêa , Ichikawa Ricardo Shoiti , Urrego Ana Camila Beltran , Guimarães-Okamoto Piscylla Tatiana Chalfun , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline , Melchert Alessandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the application of radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) as auxiliaries in the determination of body fat and musculature in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous). Eight animals were evaluated and classified based on the body condition score (BCS) scale. The total cut volume, total visceral volume, total subcutaneous volume, visceral fat volume, subcutaneous fat volume, and total fat volume were measured. The correlation of the BCS with the other data was determined. In the ultrasound, there was a correlation of the vertebral epaxial musculature score (VEMS) with body weight, BCS, muscle mass score (MMS), animal's height, and height at the withers. In the radiographic analysis, the amount of subcutaneous fat obtained in L3 vertebrae did not present a significant correlation with BCS, as opposed to L6. In the tomographic analysis, TFV/L6, VFV/L6, and SFV/L6 correlated with BCS in L3, and only SFV /L6 in L6. When the ratios between fat volumes were correlated, the correlation with BCS occurred only in L6 in the TFV/TBV, SFV/SVC, and VFW variants. Radiography and CT were effective and had a good association with BCS. With the CT it was possible to demonstrate the distribution of total fat at the level of the L3 slice. The ratio of calculations considering the length of the L6 vertebra was more adequate, while at the level of L6 the ratio between the volumes of the compartments was more effective.
“Just give it to us straight!”: a qualitative analysis of midwestern rural lung cancer survivors and caregivers about survivorship care experiences
Authors: Lewis-Thames Marquita , Keimweiss Samuel , Gurolnick Anna , Grant Shakira , Burris Jessica , Studts Jamie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE
We assessed the experiences of rural lung cancer survivors and caregivers to understand and identify barriers to posttreatment survivorship care management.
METHODS
From May 2021-June 2022, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposively sampled cohort. Participants were either posttreatment lung cancer survivors (within 5 years of their last active treatment) or caregivers of a lung cancer survivor. Interviews probed participants regarding survivorship care knowledge, implementation, and navigation. Two analysts inductively coded verbatim transcripts and conducted a thematic analysis.
RESULTS
We interviewed N = 21 participants: lung cancer survivors (76%) and caregivers (24%). Participants self-identified as Non-Hispanic White (100%), were at least 65 years old (77%), identified as male (62%), and previously smoked ≥ 5 packs of cigarettes/day (71%). The perspectives of survivors and caregivers were similar; thus, we analyzed them together. Themes related to survivorship care included: (1) frustrations and uncertainty regarding unexpected barriers, (2) strategies to improve the delivery of posttreatment information, (3) strategies to remain positive and respond to emotional concerns of survivorship care, and (4) the impact of engaging and patient-centered care teams.
CONCLUSION
Given the limited access to lung cancer care resources in rural communities, our findings reveal that following a survivorship care program or plan requires a high level of individual resilience and community/interpersonal networking.
Elevated lipid profile associated with arsenic exposure and assessment of zinc deficiency in diabetes patients in Indian state of Bihar
Authors: Fathima A S , Kumar V Udaya , Meenakshi Sarasa , Ali Mohammed , V Ravichandiran , Murti Krishna , dhingra sameer , Kumar Nitesh , Kumar Rishikesh , Prakash Ved 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Heavy metal exposure is a significant environmental health concern that can be deadly due to bioaccumulation of toxic metals in the human body ultimately leading to alterations in physiology, disease severity, and risk of comorbid diseases. Certain metals including arsenic have been linked to hyperglycemia and a greater risk of diabetes. Bihar is one of the most-affected areas in terms of arsenic pollution. Numerous studies elucidated the effect of arsenic. This study is a single-centered pilot prospective cohort study aimed at evaluating the potential role of arsenic exposure and assessment of micronutrient levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of n=30 type-2 diabetic patients and healthy individuals aged > 18 years residing in arsenic endemic zones of Bihar, were initially recruited to assess arsenic levels in hair samples. Blood glucose parameters were found to be significantly greater (HbA1C, p=0.002* and postprandial blood sugar p=0.046) among the arsenic-exposed population than the others. Total cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein and triglycerides have positive correlations with arsenic levels, whereas High density lipoprotein displays a negative correlation with arsenic level. Zinc levels of diabetic patients are low compared to the healthy control group. Weak negative correlations are found with blood sugar parameters and zinc levels. Arsenic levels are also negatively correlated to zinc levels (r=-0.458, p=0.042). Concludedly, Arsenic exposure has deleterious effect on blood glucose levels and lipid parameters. Preventive measures should be implemented to limit the exposure. Deficiently found trace elements such as zinc must be supplemented as a part of therapy for improving blood glucose parameters.
S vacancy in MoS 2 nanosheets induce H 2 O cleavage: a new era for 2D nanozyme
Authors: Wang Jin , Ren Wenyu , Wang Yi , Zhang Dun , Ju Peng , Dou Kunpeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nanozyme is a promising approach in treating pollution in drinking water sources. 2D MoS2 nanosheets, with abundant active sites and Lewis acid sites, exhibits outstanding peroxidase-like and antibacterial activities. Verified by density functional calculation, S vacancies in 2D MoS2 nanosheets can cleavage H2O to yield H+ and ·OH. The spontaneous generation of acid environment and oxygen free radicals enables 2D MoS2 nanosheets to be effectively exploited in the depuration of polluted water, creating a new era for multifunctional nanozymes.
Generalizations of the Implicit Function Theorem to Fractal Sets
Authors: Jhurani Krish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This research paper explores the extension of the Implicit Function Theorem (IFT) to fractal sets. The objective is to establish the existence and differentiability of implicitly defined functions on selected fractal sets, thus generalizing the classical IFT to the realm of fractal geometry. The methodology involves a precise characterization of fractals and the formu-lation of an extended IFT. Fractals are defined as self-similar, non-smooth geometric objects with intricate structures. The extension of the IFT ne-cessitates adaptations of the concepts of differentiability and surjectivity to fit the unique properties of fractal sets. The Fr´echet derivative on the fractal set is modified to capture the local linear behavior of functions, while the notion of surjectivity is extended by requiring every open ball in the target space to contain the image of some open ball in the fractal set. Through the validation process, the extended IFT is applied to specific fractal sets, like Sierpinski Triangle and Koch Curve. By constructing functions and computing their Fr´echet derivatives, we verify the condi-tions of our theorem, ensuring the surjectivity of the Fr´echet derivative for at least one point in the fractal set. This validation serves as concrete evidence of the applicability and robustness of the extended IFT in the fractal context. The major findings of this research demonstrate that the extended IFT provides a powerful tool for analyzing implicitly defined functions on fractal sets. It opens up new avenues for studying solutions to partial differential equations, investigating optimization problems, and exploring the dynamics of fractal systems.
A cosmological model in f (G, T ) gravity with time varying deceleration parameter
Authors: Shukla Bhupendra Kumar , Tiwari Rishi Kumar , Beesham Aroon Kumar. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The current study aims to investigate a modified theory of gravity called f (G, T) theory. Our focus is on a Gauss-Bonnet cosmolog-ical model that integrates a non-linear Gauss-Bonnet term and a linear trace term. The specific expression of the f (G, T) theory is f (G, T) = G + mG 2 + nT , where m and n represent free parameters. To solve the field equation, we employ a specialized formulation of the deceleration parameter, represented as q = α − β H , where α and β are model parameters. Consequently, we determine the optimal values of the model parameters by aligning them with the latest observational datasets, including 57 data points from the Cosmic Chronometers datasets, Pantheon datasets, and BAO datasets. Furthermore, we analyze the physical behavior of cosmo-graphic parameters corresponding to the constrained values of the model parameters, as well as energy density and pressure. The evolution of the deceleration parameter predicts a transition from decelerated to accelerated phases of the Universe. Importantly, our f (G, T) cosmological model effectively describes the observed cosmic acceleration in the late-time universe, eliminating the need to introduce a dark energy component in the field equations.
Multiple Surgical Resections for Progressive IDH Wildtype Glioblastoma - is it beneficial?
Authors: Honeyman Susan Isabel , Roach Joy Roma , Mier Juan , Marks Katya , Dassanyake Sohani N , Wood Matthew J , Fairhead Rory , Yarlagadda Ananya , Boukas Alexandros , Stacey Richard , Apostolopoulos Vasileios , Plaha Puneet 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The role of repeat resection for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) remains equivocal. This study aims to assess the overall survival and complications rates of single or repeat resection for rGBM.
Methods
A single centre retrospective review of all patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma managed surgically, between January 2014 and January 2022, was carried out. Patient survival and factors influencing prognosis were analysed, using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods.
Results
432 patients were included, of whom 329 underwent single resection, 83 had two resections and 20 patients underwent three resections. Median OS (mOS) in the cohort who underwent a single operation was 13.7 months (95% CI:12.7–14.7 months). The mOS was observed to be extended in patients who underwent second or third-time resection, at 22.9 months and 44.7 months respectively (p < 0.001). On second operation achieving > 95% resection or residual tumour volume of < 2.25cc was significantly associated with prolonged survival. There was no significant difference in overall complication rates between primary versus second (p = 0.973) or third-time resections (p = 0.312). The use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) guided resection was associated with reduced post-operative neurological deficit (RR 0.37, p = 0.002), as was use of intraoperative ultrasound (iUSS) (RR 0.45, p = 0.04).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates potential prolongation of survival for GBM patients undergoing repeat resection, without significant increase in complication rates with repeat resections. Achieving a more complete repeat resection improved survival. Moreover, the use of intraoperative imaging adjuncts can maximise tumour resection, whilst minimising the risk of neurological deficit.
E3 ligase Nedd4L promotes macrophage M1 polarization and exacerbates brain damage by TRAF3/TBK1 signaling pathway after ICH in mice
Authors: Yang Zhao , Xia Xiaohui , Xiong Qijiang , Fu Xiongjie , Han Bin , Zhang Jiangwei , Yu Anyong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious medical problem, and promising strategy is limited. Macrophage initiated brain inflammatory injury following ICH, but the molecular mechanism had not been well identified. E3 ligase Nedd4L is implicated in the pathogenesis of the inﬂammatory immune response.
Methods
In the present study, we detected the levels of Nedd4L in macrophages following ICH. Furthermore, Macrophage M1 polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, BBB disruption, brain water content and neurological function were examined in ICH mice.
Results
Here, we demonstrated that E3 ligase Nedd4L levels of macrophage increased following ICH, promoted M1 polarization inflammation by TRAF3. Nedd4L promoted BBB disruption, as well as neurological deficits. Inhibition of Nedd4L signiﬁcantly attenuated M1 polarization in vivo. Inhibition of Nedd4L decreased TRAF3 and TBK1 levels, and subsequent phosphorylation of p38 and NF-κB p65 subunit following ICH.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that Nedd4L was involved in the pathogenesis of ICH, which promoted inflammatory responses and exacerbated brain damage by TRAF3 following ICH.
Predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT multi-metabolic parameters and tumor metabolic heterogeneity in the prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Yu Xiaopeng , Shi Aiqi , Xie Long , Huang Liqun , Su Yingrui , Zha Jinshun , Liu Jiangyan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the predictive value of pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT multi-metabolic parameters and tumor metabolic heterogeneity for gastric cancer prognosis.
Methods: Seventy-one patients with gastric cancer were included. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT whole-body scans prior to treatment and had pathologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinomas. Each metabolic parameter, including SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG, were collected from the primary lesions of gastric cancer in all patients, and the slope of linear regression between the MTV corresponding to different SUVmax thresholds (40% × SUVmax, 80% × SUVmax) of the primary lesions was calculated. The absolute value of the slope was regarded as the metabolic heterogeneity of the primary lesions, expressed as the heterogeneity index HI-1, and the coefficient of variance of the SUVmean of the primary lesions was regarded as HI-2. Patient prognosis was assessed by PFS and OS, and a nomogram of the prognostic prediction model was constructed, after which the clinical utility of the model was assessed using DCA.
Results: A total of 71 patients with gastric cancer, including 57 (80.3%) males and 14 (19.7%) females, had a mean age of 61 ± 10 years; disease progression occurred in 27 (38.0%) patients and death occurred in 24 (33.8%) patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HI-1 alone was a common independent risk factor for PFS (HR: 1.183; 95% CI: 1.010–1.387, P < 0.05) and OS (HR: 1.214; 95% CI: 1.016–1.450, P < 0.05) in patients with gastric cancer. A nomogram created based on the results of Cox regression analysis increased the net clinical benefit for patients. Considering disease progression as a positive event, patients were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that there were significant differences in PFS among the three groups. When death was considered a positive event and patients were included in the low- and high-risk groups, there were significant differences in OS between the two groups.
Conclusion: The heterogeneity index HI-1 of primary gastric cancer lesions is an independent risk factor for patient prognosis. A nomogram of prognostic prediction models constructed for each independent factor can increase the net clinical benefit and stratify the risk level of patients, providing a reference for guiding individualized patient treatment.
Trust as a determinant of Social Welfare in the Digital Economy
Authors: Shah Syed Sibghatullah , Shah Syed Akhter Hussain 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Trust plays a critical role in determining social welfare in the digital economy and has significant socioeconomic implications. To investigate the relationship between trust and social welfare in this context, we developed a social welfare function that accurately quantifies the positive impact of the digital economy. Employing a Markov analysis framework, we modelled trust as a variable that evolves based on the agent's interactions with the system, characterizing the system's dynamic behaviour as a series of probabilistic transitions between states. We ran multiple simulations to gather a significant sample of possible outcomes and analyzed the statistical correlation between trust and social welfare. We used the time it takes for the digital economy to converge towards the non-digital economy as a metric to compare the performance of the separate economies. We controlled for other factors influencing social welfare, such as the number of transactions and market competition levels. We compared the actual outcomes of the simulation study with our theoretical predictions. Results indicate a significant impact of trust in maximising social welfare by achieving a steady state in fewer iterations for a developed digital economy. The socioeconomic benefits of trust are more visible in a digital than in a non-digital economy. Technological progress or innovation is crucial to attaining responsible consumption and production patterns. The digital economy's sustainability hinges on trust, which policymakers must prioritize in light of trust erosion. An inclusive approach considering cultural and socioeconomic factors is required to increase public trust in institutions and government. Policymakers may consider measures such as enhancing data privacy, promoting digital literacy, and developing effective legal frameworks that support trust-building. By prioritizing these areas, policymakers can build a more sustainable and equitable digital economy that maximizes social welfare.
Impact of Atrial Pacing in Fontan Patients with Junctional Rhythm: A Prospective Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Yang Emily L. , Evers Patrick D. , Long Mia J. , Mostafavifar Mina , Balaji Seshadri 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Sinus node dysfunction (SND) with junctional rhythm (JR) is common after the Fontan operation. Atrial pacing (AP) restores atrioventricular (AV) synchrony, but the placement of a pacemaker carries significant morbidity.
OBJECTIVES
To study the impact of AP on echocardiographic parameters of function in Fontan patients with SND and JR.
METHODS
Nine Fontan patients with AP for SND and JR were prospectively studied with echocardiography in the following conditions – baseline paced rhythm, underlying JR and, if possible, slow-paced rhythm below their baseline paced rate (~ 10 bpm faster than their JR rate).
RESULTS
Cardiac index was significantly lower in JR (3 ± 1.1 L/min/m2) vs AP (4.2 ± 1.4 L/min/m2; p = 0.002). Diastolic function also significantly worsened with increased ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e’ ratio) by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in JR (11.6 ± 4.6) vs AP (8.8 ± 2.2, p = 0.016). Pulmonary venous flow reversal was present in 0/9 patients in AP and 7/9 in JR (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences in these echocardiographic measurements between the paced and slow-paced conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
When compared to AP, JR was associated with a significant reduction in cardiac output and diastolic function, and an increased prevalence of pulmonary vein flow reversal. There were no differences between paced and slow-paced conditions, suggesting that AV synchrony rather than heart rate was primarily contributing to cardiac output. Further studies are needed to understand the chronic impact of JR on Fontan outcomes.
Age and Sex Disparities in Latin-American Adults with Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hek Renée van‘t , Ortiz-Herrera Juan Luis , Salazar-Pigeon Alejandro , Ramirez-Loera Cristopher , Cacho-Díaz Bernardo , Wegman-Ostrosky Talia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify if there are ethnic differences in the age and sex distribution of gliomas in the Latino adult population.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 recommendations. Databases used were MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies were included if they reported the age and/or sex distribution of gliomas in Latin adults, published in English or Spanish from January 1st, 1985, to December 1st, 2022. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the NIH Quality Assessment Tool [1]
Results: From 1,096 articles, fifteen studies with information on 6,815 patients were selected for the systematic review, and thirteen were selected for the meta-analysis. The mean ages of diagnosis of glioma and glioblastoma were 50.9, 95\%\ CI [47.8 - 53.9] years and 53.33 years, 95 \% CI [51-55.6], respectively. The male-to-female incidence rate ratio of gliomas was 1.39.
Conclusion: Our study found mean ages of glioma and glioblastoma were 6 and 10 years lower than those reported in the CBTRUS. Our study suggests disparities in the age and sex distribution of gliomas in Latin America compared to other regions.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021274423
The SMART approach to develop good cyber security metrics
Authors: Sherif Emad , Yevseyeva Iryna , Basto-Fernandes Vitor , Cook Allan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When it comes to the need to manage cyber security, identifying and utilising good cyber security metrics is essential. This allows organisations to manage their cyber risk more effectively. However, the literature lacks consensus on properties and characteristics of good metrics. We join the current efforts that aim at closing this gap. Hence, the main two objectives of this work are firstly to explore and identify relevant cyber security metrics proposed by researchers in the cyber security domain, and then to assess them against the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Relevant, and Timely) criteria to determine their feasibility and improve the quality of the selected security metrics. We identified 100 relevant metrics, of which 22 were able to be assessed against the SMART criteria. The resulting set of metrics can be considered as feasible set of metrics to implement. Additionally, we have identified the properties that a good metric should possess, most of which can be regarded as variants of the SMART criteria. Consequently, we extend the subcategories proposed by [1] to enhance the categorisation of metrics. The proposed subcategories are user, interface-induced, and software vulnerabilities; preventative, reactive, proactive defence strength; zero-day, targeted, botnet, malware, and evasion techniques; and security state, incidents, and investment. We propose to include the following: configuration management, access control management, backup and restore, security audit, security testing, and security training. Additionally, we recommend including two additional elements when assessing metrics wherein the metrics should be inexpensive to gather and independently verifiable via an outside reference.