bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of NTRK fusion detection methods in microsatellite-instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Schraa Suzanna J. , Stelloo Ellen , Laclé Miangela M. , Swennenhuis Joost F. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Fijneman Remond J. A. , Feitsma Harma , Koopman Miriam , de Leng Wendy W. , Vink Geraldine R. , Bol Guus M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors have been approved for metastatic solid tumors harboring NTRK fusions, but the detection of NTRK fusions is challenging. International guidelines recommend pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening followed by next generation sequencing (NGS) in tumor types with low prevalence of NTRK fusions, including metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). RNA-based NGS is preferred, but is expensive, time-consuming, and extracting good-quality RNA from FFPE tissue is challenging. Alternatives in daily clinical practice are warranted. We assessed the diagnostic performance of RNA-NGS, FFPE-targeted locus capture (FFPE-TLC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the 5′/3′ imbalance quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) after IHC screening in 268 patients with microsatellite-instability-high mCRC, the subgroup in which NTRK fusions are most prevalent (1–5%). A consensus result was determined after review of all assay results. In 16 IHC positive tumors, 10 NTRK fusions were detected. In 33 IHC negative samples, no additional transcribed NTRK fusions were found, underscoring the high sensitivity of IHC. Sensitivity of RNA-NGS, FFPE-TLC, FISH, and qRT-PCR was 90%, 90%, 78%, and 100%, respectively. Specificity was 100% for all assays. Robustness, defined as the percentage of samples that provided an interpretable result in the first run, was 100% for FFPE-TLC, yet more limited for RNA-NGS (85%), FISH (70%), and qRT-PCR (70%). Overall, we do not recommend FISH for the detection of NTRK fusions in mCRC due to its low sensitivity and limited robustness. We conclude that RNA-NGS, FFPE-TLC, and qRT-PCR are appropriate assays for NTRK fusion detection, after enrichment with pan-TRK IHC, in routine clinical practice.
TROP-2 is widely expressed in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and represents a potential new therapeutic target
Authors: Condic Mateja , Egger Eva K. , Klümper Niklas , Kristiansen Glen , Mustea Alexander , Thiesler Thore , Ralser Damian J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare malignancy of the female genital tract with increasing incidence rates. Etiologically, HPV-dependent and HPV-independent VSCC are distinguished. Surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy represent the therapeutic mainstay for localized disease. For recurrent or metastatic VSCC, treatment options are limited. Research has identified trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) to be broadly expressed across different tumor entities. The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the expression of TROP-2 in VSCC.

Methods
TROP-2 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a cohort comprising n = 103 patients with primary VSCC. A four-tier scoring system (0: no staining, 1 + : low staining, 2 + : moderate staining, 3 + : high staining) was applied for quantification of protein expression. For further analyses, two groups (low TROP-2 expression: 0/1 + ; high TROP-2 expression: 2 + /3 +) were generated. The entire study cohort, as well as HPV-dependent and HPV-independent VSCC were considered separately.

Results
In the entire VSCC study cohort, TROP-2 expression was present in 97.1% of all cases (n = 100) with 74.8% displaying high TROP-2 expression (2 + /3 +). Only 2.9% of tumors showed absent TROP-2 expression. Of note, all HPV-dependent VSCC (n = 18) demonstrated high TROP-2 expression (2 + /3 +). In the subgroup of HPV-independent VSCC (n = 70), high TROP-2 expression was associated with favorable clinical outcomes based on log rank test and univariate cox analysis.

Conclusion
TROP-2 protein expression is of prognostic value in HPV-independent VSCC. The broad expression of TROP-2 in VSCC indicates the TROP-2 directed ADC Sacituzumab govitecan as a potential new therapeutic strategy for VSCC patients.
Rechtliche Aspekte des Einsatzes von KI und Robotik in Medizin und Pflege
Authors: Beck Susanne , Faber Michelle , Gerndt Simon 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie rasanten Entwicklungen im Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz und Robotik stellen nicht nur die Ethik, sondern auch das Recht vor neue Herausforderungen, gerade im Bereich der Medizin und Pflege. Grundsätzlich hat der Einsatz von KI dabei das Potenzial, sowohl die Heilbehandlungen als auch den adäquaten Umgang im Rahmen der Pflege zu erleichtern, wenn nicht sogar zu verbessern. Verwaltungsaufgaben, die Überwachung von Vitalfunktionen und deren Parameter sowie die Untersuchung von Gewebeproben etwa könnten autonom ablaufen. In Diagnostik und Therapie können Systeme die behandelnde Ärztin unterstützen. Intelligente Betten ermöglichen eine Frühmobilisierung der Patient:innen bei gleichzeitig geringerem Personalaufwand. Gleichwohl birgt der Einsatz der Systeme rechtliche Herausforderungen. So besteht das Risiko einer Verletzung der beteiligten Personen. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Technologien „leidet“ KI unter der „Black-Box-Problematik“: Die von den Systemen generierten Ergebnisse sind nicht mehr vollständig vorhersehbar und nachvollziehbar. Der Einsatz birgt unbekannte und unkalkulierbare Risiken, was sich insbesondere auf die zivilrechtliche Haftung und strafrechtliche Verantwortung auswirkt. Wem die Entscheidungen der Systeme normativ zuzurechnen sind, ist eine Kernfrage des juristischen Diskurses. Die aus praktikabilitätsgründen naheliegende Wahl, dem letztentscheidenden Menschen das Verhalten eines KI-Systems zuzurechnen, überzeugt nicht in allen Fällen, sondern degradiert ihn häufig zum symbolischen Haftungsknecht und legt ihm einseitig die Risiken der Technologien auf. Weiterhin ergeben sich im Bereich der Medizin und Pflege Fragen hinsichtlich der Zulassung von KI-Systemen, da die Maschinen während der Nutzung weiterlernen und so ihren strukturellen Aufbau kontinuierlich verändern. Es ist daher angebracht, sich frühzeitig mit dem Konfliktpotential aus ethischer und rechtlicher Sicht auseinander zu setzen, um einer potenziellen gesellschaftlichen Angst vor derartigen Systemen vorzubeugen und einen praxisgerechten Handlungsrahmen zu schaffen.
Unveiling and Unraveling Aggregation and Dispersion Fallacies in Group MCDM
Authors: Mohammadi Majid , Tamburri Damian A. , Rezaei Jafar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPriorities in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) convey the relevance preference of one criterion over another, which is usually reflected by imposing the non-negativity and unit-sum constraints. The processing of such priorities is different than other unconstrained data, but this point is often neglected by researchers, which results in fallacious statistical analysis. This article studies three prevalent fallacies in group MCDM along with solutions based on compositional data analysis to avoid misusing statistical operations. First, we use a compositional approach to aggregate the priorities of a group of DMs and show that the outcome of the compositional analysis is identical to the normalized geometric mean, meaning that the arithmetic mean should be avoided. Furthermore, a new aggregation method is developed, which is a robust surrogate for the geometric mean. We also discuss the errors in computing measures of dispersion, including standard deviation and distance functions. Discussing the fallacies in computing the standard deviation, we provide a probabilistic criteria ranking by developing proper Bayesian tests, where we calculate the extent to which a criterion is more important than another. Finally, we explain the errors in computing the distance between priorities, and a clustering algorithm is specially tailored based on proper distance metrics.
Isothermal (Vapour  +  Liquid) Equilibrium Measurements and Correlation of the Binary Mixture {3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf) + 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf)} at Temperatures from 283.15 K to 323.15 K
Authors: Fedele L. , Lombardo G. , Menegazzo D. , Scattolini M. , Bobbo S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe many constrains introduced by the F-gas Regulation and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol have resulted in an intense search for alternatives to fluorinated greenhouses gases for air conditioning and refrigeration purposes (Mota-Babiloni A, Makhnatch P, in Int J Refrig 127:101–110, 2021). With respect to the urge of new low-GWP and low-ODP refrigerants, blends composed of hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) are considered promising possible substitutes to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) for HVAC&R applications (Sovacool et al., in Renew Sustain Energy Rev 141:110759), but thermophysical properties data for these blends are still scarce (Bell et al., in: J Chem Eng Data, 2021). In the present study, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) for the binary system (HFO-1243zf + HFO-1234yf), for which just one set of data on the VLE is available to date in literature, has been experimentally studied by means of a vapor recirculation apparatus. The measurements have been performed at isothermal conditions in the range of temperatures between 283.15 K and 323.15 K, while the composition of both the phases in equilibrium has been measured by gas-chromatographic analysis. The experimental VLE data have been correlated by two different equations of state (EoS): the Peng-Robinson (PR) EoS combined with Mathias–Copeman (MC) alpha function and van der Waals (vdW) mixing rules, and the Helmoltz EoS with dedicated binary interaction parameters. Correlated results showed a good agreement with the experimental data for the binary system.
News Media Coverage of Childcare: How U.S. Local TV News Framed the Problem Before and During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tait Margaret E. , Bogucki Colleen , Baum Laura , Fowler Erika Franklin , Niederdeppe Jeff , Gollust Sarah E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEarly care and education (ECE), or the care young children receive before entering formal schooling, can take multiple forms and is delivered in different settings, such as a center, church, or public school. Federal and state governments regularly fund ECE programs and policies through the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act (CCDBG). Many families, however, face significant challenges in access, cost, and quality of ECE programs, and ECE professionals report substantial challenges in the workplace (e.g., inadequate training) and beyond (e.g., low wages). Policies addressing issues related to ECE were proposed in 2021, but stalled on the U.S. federal policy agenda. In this study, we examine the ECE content of local television news coverage both for its representations of and for its potential influences on ECE policy agendas. We use data from local stations affiliated with the major networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, and FOX) in media markets across the U.S., airing before and during the pandemic. We analyze elements of coverage that could affect public recognition of ECE-related issues, including how problems were framed (e.g., news coverage highlighting scandals or adverse events at ECE facilities) and solutions identified (e.g., public policy). We find that during 2018 and 2019, more coverage highlighted scandalous activity than public policy. The reverse was true, however, during the early period of the pandemic (from mid-March through June of 2020). Researchers and health professionals were seldom included in stories in either sample, and very few stories offered context about the benefits of ECE for health and well-being. These coverage patterns have implications for the public’s understanding of ECE policy and the perceived need for reform. Policymakers, advocates, and researchers looking to advance support for ECE should consider ways to use local television news to present health and policy-relevant information to broad segments of the public.
Intercomparison of equipment measuring radon activity concentration in the air—an example from a hydrotechnical structure in Dobromierz (SW Poland)
Authors: Fijałkowska-Lichwa Lidia , Przylibski Tadeusz A. , Norenberg Maciej , Maciejewski Piotr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe semi-conductor SRDN-3a probe, an AlphaE detector with a silicon diode in a diffusion chamber, an AlphaGUARD monitor with an ionization chamber and CR-39 track detectors had been tested simultaneously in long-term measurements conducted in the technical corridor of Dobromierz dam. The passive detectors were exposed twice: for 56 days, and 117 days, others in parallel, with a 1-h data recording interval. The data distribution was tested with the Shapiro–Wilk test and outliers in the critical region were identified using Shewhart control charts. The correctness was evaluated by a z-score test recommended by the IAEA. The characteristics of outliers for each detectors are determined by the location of the critical region (a two-sided region and a positive skew). These are 13.0% and 13.5% for AlphaE, and 9.81% for SRDN-3a. For the reference device, these are 15.8% and 10.5%. The z-score test confirm that all the detectors can be successfully used both in commercial and scientific monitoring measurements.
Scepticism about epistemic blame
Authors: Smartt Tim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI advocate scepticism about epistemic blame; the view that we have good reason to think there is no distinctively epistemic form of blame. Epistemologists often find it useful to draw a distinction between blameless and blameworthy norm violation. In recent years, this has led several writers to develop theories of ‘epistemic blame.’ I present two challenges against the very idea of epistemic blame. First, everything that is supposedly done by epistemic blame is done by epistemic evaluation, at least according to a prominent view about the social role of epistemic evaluation. Parsimony considerations count against introducing an idle mechanism that does the same work as an existing one. Second, no current theory of epistemic blame includes a plausible account of the force of epistemic blame or the practices that could express it. I conclude that we should give up the notion of epistemic blame.
Phosphorus management is key to effective deployment of root ideotypes in complex soil environments
Authors: van der Bom Frederik J. T. , Williams Alwyn , Borrell Andrew K. , Raymond Nelly , Bell Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We questioned how root ideotypes selected for deep or shallow root architecture function in complex environments with heterogeneous distributions of phosphorus (P), such as in many cropping systems in north-eastern Australia.

Methods
We used the rhizobox method to evaluate how contrasting genotypes of durum wheat and sorghum (wide and narrow root angle) responded to combinations of starter-P and deep P bands.

Results
Although we found evidence that root angle may influence spatio-temporal exploration for deep P bands, (early) plant access to P was the critical driver for plant growth. Without P, root system growth was retarded such that genotypic differences were hardly observed. Access to P boosted root exploration at depth by virtue of greater root system size, such that wide-angle genotypes with P outperformed narrow-angle ones without P. Plastic root responses to P benefited the expression of the broader root system architecture. We observed variation between species and individual parameters, but overall Starter-P and deep P bands tended to deliver complementary benefits when considering plant growth, P uptake, and phenological development together.

Conclusion
Our study highlights that nutritional constraints may limit the ability of root ideotypes to function in complex target environments. Development and deployment of root ideotypes should consider how local conditions (including soil nutrient distribution, physical and biological properties) influence crop phenotype and their ability to deliver the intended benefits. Within this, soil nutrient management is a critical determinant and an opportunity to influence the target environment.
The initial effect of U.S. tax reform on foreign acquisitions
Authors: Amberger Harald J. , Robinson Leslie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 marked a significant change in U.S. domestic and international tax policy, altering incentives for U.S. firms to own foreign assets. We examine the initial response of U.S. firms’ foreign acquisition patterns to the TCJA’s key reform provisions. We find a significant overall decrease in the probability that a foreign target is acquired by a U.S. firm after the reform, suggesting that the net effect of the TCJA was to reduce acquisitions abroad. Cross-sectional variation across target and acquirer characteristics points to the elimination of the repatriation tax and the TCJA’s global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) regime as critically influencing cross-border acquisitions by U.S. firms. Specifically, U.S. acquirers with little foreign presence prior to the TCJA are more likely to acquire a foreign target, while U.S. acquirers are less likely to acquire profitable targets in low-tax countries. Results from our empirical analyses are consistent with the TCJA prompting fewer but more value-enhancing, less tax-motivated foreign acquisitions by U.S. firms.
Study of PLA pre-treatment, enzymatic and model-compost degradation, and valorization of degradation products to bacterial nanocellulose
Authors: Sourkouni Georgia , Jeremić Sanja , Kalogirou Charalampia , Höfft Oliver , Nenadovic Marija , Jankovic Vukasin , Rajasekaran Divya , Pandis Pavlos , Padamati Ramesh , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Argirusis Christos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is well acknowledged that microplastics are a major environmental problem and that the use of plastics, both petro- and bio- based, should be reduced. Nevertheless, it is also a necessity to reduce the amount of the already spread plastics. These cannot be easily degraded in the nature and accumulate in the food supply chain with major danger for animals and human life. It has been shown in the literature that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) modify the surface of polylactic acid (PLA) materials in a way that bacteria more efficiently dock on their surface and eventually degrade them. In the present work we investigated the influence of different AOPs (ultrasounds, ultraviolet irradiation, and their combination) on the biodegradability of PLA films treated for different times between 1 and 6 h. The pre-treated samples have been degraded using a home model compost as well as a cocktail of commercial enzymes at mesophilic temperatures (37 °C and 42 °C, respectively). Degradation degree has been measured and degradation products have been identified. Excellent degradation of PLA films has been achieved with enzyme cocktail containing commercial alkaline proteases and lipases of up to 90% weight loss. For the first time, we also report valorization of PLA into bacterial nanocellulose after enzymatic hydrolysis of the samples.
Wetting and Interfacial Chemistry of New Pb-Free Sn-Zn-Ag-Al-Li (SZAAL) Solder with Cu, Ni, and Al Substrates
Authors: Dybeł Aleksandra , Czaja Paweł , Sitek Janusz , Pstruś Janusz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of the Ni substrate wetted with the liquid Sn-Zn eutectic alloy with the addition of Ag, Al, and Li (84.3 at.% Sn, 13.7 at.% Zn, 1 at.% Ag, 0.5 at.% Al, and 0.5 at.% Li-SZAAL). The wetting tests were performed using two methods: the wetting balance tests (WBT) and the sessile drop (SD) method at 250 °C, in the presence of an ALU33® flux. The wetting times were 5, 20, 60, 180, and 1800 s. Next, the microstructure of selected solidified solder joints was investigated using scanning electron microscope. The Ni-Zn system's intermetallic phases (IMCs) were identified at the solder–Ni substrate interface. The kinetics of the formation and growth of the IMC layer was determined. Interfacial tension and contact angle (CA) values were calculated from WBT measurements in the presence of the ALU33® flux. Interfacial tension was compared to surface tension from the maximum bubble pressure and CA values to those obtained using the SD method. The value of the contact angle of SZAAL on Cu (39°) substrate is lower than on Ni (43°). For the comparison, also the interaction between SZAAL and Cu substrate was measured. After 1800 s, the IMCs thickness is significantly reduced for Ni pad than for Cu substrate. The study found that the addition of Al, Ag, and Li improved the tensile strength and wettability of Sn-Zn eutectic-based alloys.
HIF1α-dependent and independent pathways regulate the expression of PD-L1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Xanthopoulou Erasmia T. , Kakouratos Christos , Nanos Christos , Gkegka Anastasia G. , Kalaitzis Christos , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Koukourakis Michael I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPD-L1/PD-1 pathway is a major pathway exploited by human cancer types, which is a target for current immunotherapy. We investigated tumor microenvironmental factors involved in PD-L1 induction in prostate cancer (PC). We studied the expression of PD-L1 in a series of 66 PCs, in parallel with the expression of hypoxia- and acidity-related immunohistochemical markers (Hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, and lactate dehydrogenase LDHA) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte TIL density. Experiments with three PC cell lines, the 22Rv1, DU145, and PC3 were conducted focusing on the inducibility of PD-L1 by hypoxia, acidity, lymphocyte interactions, and radiation. In tissues, PD-L1 expression by cancer cells was directly related to PD-L1 expression by  TILs and macrophages (p < 0.05), and the overexpression of HIF1α and LDH5 (p < 0.05). TIL density was inversely related to ΗΙF1α (p = 0.02). Exposure of PC cell lines to hypoxia strongly induced PD-L1 and protein and mRNA levels, directly controlled by HIF1α function (p < 0.001). Irradiation with 20 Gy had no apparent effect on PD-L1 expression. Culturing PC cell lines with culture medium (CM) from PBMCs strongly induced PD-L1 at protein and mRNA levels, independently from HIF1α, which was also confirmed when cells were incubated with Interferon-γ (p < 0.001). It is concluded that the combination of anti-PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy with hypoxia/HIF-targeting may be important in the treatment of specific subgroups of PC patients.