bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel unambiguous generalized phase-shifting and T-spline fitting algorithms for optical micro-structured surface 3D topography metrology
Authors: Duan Yiting , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2023

3D topography metrology of optical micro-structured surfaces is critical for controlled manufacturing and evaluation of optical properties. Coherence scanning interferometry technology has significant advantages for measuring optical micro-structured surfaces. However, the current research faces difficulties of designing high accuracy and efficient phase shifting, and characterization algorithms for optical micro-structured surface 3D topography metrology. In this paper, parallel unambiguous generalized phase-shifting and T-spline fitting algorithms are proposed. To avoid phase ambiguity and improve the accuracy of the phase-shifting algorithm, the zero-order fringe is determined by the iterative envelope fitting with Newton’s method, and the accurate zero optical path difference is determined by a generalized phase-shifting algorithm. In particular, the calculation procedures of the multithreading iterative envelope fitting with Newton’s method and generalized phase shifting are optimized with the graphics processing unit-Compute Unified Device Architecture kernel function. Additionally, to fit the base form of optical micro-structured surfaces and characterize the surface texture and roughness, an effective T-spline fitting algorithm is proposed by optimizing the preimage of the T-mesh with image quadtree decomposition. Experimental results show that the surface reconstruction of optical micro-structured surfaces using the proposed algorithm is more accurate, and the efficiency is 10 times higher than that of current algorithms; the time of the surface reconstruction is less than 1 s. Compared with the current B-spline method, the accuracy of roughness characterization using the proposed T-spline algorithm is improved by more than 10%.
Evaluating situational judgment test use and diversity in admissions at a southern US medical school
Authors: Gustafson Chelsea E. , Johnson Crystal J. , Beck Dallaghan Gary L. , Knight O’Rese J. , Malloy Kimberly M. , Nichols Kimberley R. , Rahangdale Lisa 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Situational judgment tests have been adopted by medical schools to assess decision-making and ethical characteristics of applicants. These tests are hypothesized to positively affect diversity in admissions by serving as a noncognitive metric of evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Computer-based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics (CASPer) scores in relation to admissions interview evaluations.

Methods
This was a cohort study of applicants interviewing at a public school of medicine in the southeastern United States in 2018 and 2019. Applicants took the CASPer test prior to their interview day. In-person interviews consisted of a traditional interview and multiple-mini-interview (MMI) stations. Between subjects, analyses were used to compare scores from traditional interviews, MMIs, and CASPer across race, ethnicity, and gender.

Results
1,237 applicants were interviewed (2018: n = 608; 2019: n = 629). Fifty-seven percent identified as female. Self-identified race/ethnicity included 758 White, 118 Black or African-American, 296 Asian, 20 Native American or Alaskan Native, 1 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 44 No response; 87 applicants identified as Hispanic. Black or African-American, Native American or Alaskan Native, and Hispanic applicants had significantly lower CASPer scores than other applicants. Statistically significant differences in CASPer percentiles were identified for gender and race; however, between subjects, comparisons were not significant.

Conclusions
The CASPer test showed disparate scores across racial and ethnic groups in this cohort study and may not contribute to minimizing bias in medical school admissions.
Parental gambling frequency and adolescent gambling: A cross-sectional path model involving adolescents and parents
Authors: Donati Maria Anna , Beccari Carola , Sanson Francesco , Iraci Sareri Giuseppe , Primi Caterina 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Nowadays, most of the research studies in the field of adolescent gambling are focused on individual factors related to problem gambling. The aim of this study was to test an integrated model to explain adolescent problem gambling involving both individual (i.e., correct gambling knowledge, superstitious thinking, and gambling-related cognitive distortions) and environmental factors (i.e., parental gambling frequency). In detail, the aim was to better understand the role of parental gambling behavior on adolescents’ gambling frequency and problem gambling severity, to draw indications for prevention.

Methods
Participants were 680 parents (36% men; Mage = 48.32, SD = 6.14 years) of 680 high school students (51% boys; Mage = 15.51, SD = .55 years) attending the second year of different high schools in Tuscany (Italy). Data collection occurred within the school prevention program PRIZE (Prevention of gambling risk among adolescents).

Results
A path model showed was conducted to detect direct and indirect effects from individual and environmental factors to gambling problem severity. Analyses showed that correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were directly related–respectively in a negative and a positive direction–both to gambling-related cognitive distortions and adolescents’ gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was directly associated with adolescents’ gambling frequency. Correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were indirectly related to adolescents’ gambling problem severity through the mediational role of gambling-related cognitive distortions and gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was indirectly linked to gambling problem severity by passing through adolescents’ gambling frequency.

Conclusions
The current cross-sectional results confirm that parental gambling behavior has an important role for adolescents’ gambling behavior and severity. Thus, results highlight the need for innovative prevention programs which involve adolescents’ adult reference figures and integrate the individual risk and protective factors with the environmental ones.
Higher Dose Oral Fluconazole for the Treatment of AIDS-related Cryptococcal Meningitis (HIFLAC)—report of A5225, a multicentre, phase I/II, two-stage, dose-finding, safety, tolerability and efficacy randomised, amphotericin B-controlled trial of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group
Authors: Lalloo Umesh G. , Komarow Lauren , Aberg Judith A. , Clifford David B. , Hogg Evelyn , McKhann Ashley , Bukuru Aggrey , Lagat David , Pillay Sandy , Mave Vidya , Supparatpinyo Khuanchai , Samaneka Wadzanai , Langat Deborah , Ticona Eduardo , Badal-Faesen Sharlaa , Larsen Robert A. ,   the ACTG A5225 Team
Published: February 2023

Background
The WHO recommended 1200mg/day of fluconazole (FCZ) in the induction phase of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in HIV prior to 2018 in regions where amphotericin-B (AMB) was unavailable. A 2-stage AMB-controlled, dose-escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the safety/efficacy of an induction-consolidation strategy of higher doses FCZ (1200mg-2000mg/day), adjusted for weight and renal function (eGFR)in adults with CM was undertaken.

Methods
In Stage-1, three induction doses of FCZ (1200mg/day, 1600mg/day and 2000mg/day) were tested in sequential cohortsand compared with AMB in a 3:1 ratio. A particular dose was not tested in Stage 2 if there were significant predetermined safety or efficacy concerns. In Stage-2, the 1200mg dose was excluded per protocol because of increased mortality, and participants were randomised to 1600mg, 2000mg FCZ or AMB in a 1:1:1 ratio.

Findings
One hundred and sixty eight participants were enrolled with 48, 50, and 48 in the AMB, 1600mg and 2000mg cohorts. The Kaplan Meier proportion for mortality (90% CI) at 10 and 24 weeks for AMB was 17% (10, 29) and 24% (15, 37), compared to 20% (12, 32) and 30% (20, 43) for 1600mg, and 33% (23, 46) and 38% (27, 51) for 2000mg/day FCZ. With the exception of a higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects in the 2000mg cohort, both induction doses of FCZ were safe and well tolerated. There were no life-threatening changes in electrocardiogram QTc which were similar across all doses of FCZ and AMB. The median (IQR) change in log10 cryptoccal colony forming units (CFU) from week 0 to week 2 was -8(-4.1,-1.9) for AMB; -2.5(-4.0, -1.4) for 1600mg FCZ and -8 (-3.2, -1.0) for 2000mg FCZ. The proportion (90% CI) CSF CM negative at 10 weeks was 81%(71,90) for AMB; 56%(45,69) for 1600mg FCZ and 60%(49,73) for 2000mg FCZ.

Interpretation
Induction phase weight and renal-adjusted doses of 1600mg and 2000mg/day FCZ for CM were safe and well tolerated except for increased GI side effects in the 2000mg/day dose, and had similar times to achieve CSF sterilization, but took significantly longer than AMB. The WHO recommended 1200mg FCZ was associated with a high mortality. While not statistically significant, mortality was numerically lower in the AMB compared to 1600mg and 2000mg FCZ These data make a case for a phase 3 study of higher doses of FZC.
Jafar Panahi, Interviews, Drew Todd (ed.) and Ehsan Khoshbakht (asst. ed.) (2019)
Authors: Wood Jason 
Published: February 2023

Review of: Jafar Panahi, Interviews, Drew Todd (ed.) and Ehsan Khoshbakht (asst. ed.) (2019)
Oxford: University Press of Mississippi, 160 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-49682-320-5, p/bk, $25.00
Correlations between health indicators in women who survived breast cancer
Authors: Coelho da Paixão Rodney , Ferreira de Jesus Leite Marco Aurélio , Moreira Cunha Lucas , Barbosa Resende Wener , Vieira da Costa Alice , Batista da Silva Breno , Ferreira Paraiso Lara , Morais Puga Guilherme , Penha-Silva Nilson 
Published: February 2023

The increase in breast cancer survivors (BCS) has established unprecedented demands on health systems worldwide. In this context, new knowledge is needed to subsidize strategies to handle this population. The objective of this study was to combine the correlations between anthropometric, hematological, biochemical, biophysicochemical, muscle strength, and age variables in BCS. Twenty-two volunteers (51.7 ± 9.2 years old) with a history of mastectomy and lymphadenectomy participated in the study. Among the results, the correlations of the body mass index with lipid profile, strength, and body composition draw special attention. The associations of lipid profile with erythrocyte membrane stability, body composition, and leukocyte count, the associations of the red cell distribution width (RDW) with body mass index, lipid profile, and strength, and the positive correlation between age and leukocyte count also deserve highlights. Such findings allow concluding that investigations that deal singly with health indicators represent a severe limitation in the study of the public in question, and it is necessary to avoid them. The complex network of interactions observed between the various parameters studied reinforces the importance of a global biological analysis of attractive cost-benefit and great practical potential. Teams with medical, nutrition, physical therapy, and physical education professionals, among other areas, can use this knowledge to improve BCS's interdisciplinary approaches in short, medium, and long-term management.
Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
Authors: Yao Jun-Teng , Xu Ming-Zhi , Zhang Yu-Ren , Wang Bai-Rong , Li Mei-Rong , Gao Lu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study reports a patient case with a 17α-hydroxylase deficiency accompanied by triple X syndrome. A 17α-hydroxylase deficiency leads to a very low 17α-hydroxylated steroid synthesis as well as a non-feedback increase in the adrenocorticotropic hormone level. Meanwhile, the progesterone level increases the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone level and decreases the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level. The patient is characterized by intractable hypokalemia, high urinary potassium, hyperaldosteronemia, hyporeninemia, hypocortisolemia, hypertension, gonadal and secondary sexual dysplasia, a decreased estrogen level, primary amenorrhea, and infertility. The imaging findings indicate a presence of multiple bilateral adrenal gland adenomas, and the sequencing indicates a missense CYP17A1-E7 gene pathogenic variant. The karyotype is a 47, XXX [3]/46, XX [47] low-level chimeric karyotype. The patient’s parents are cousins. To our knowledge, this patient is the first case diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome. The uniqueness of this case is that this patient has two very rare genetic diseases, probably due to the marriage of close relatives.
External quality assessment practices in medical laboratories: an IFCC global survey of member societies
Authors: Blasutig Ivan M. , Wheeler Sarah E. , Bais Renze , Dabla Pradeep Kumar , Lin Ji , Perret-Liaudet Armand , Thomas Annette , Cendejas Kandace A. , Giannoli Jean-Marc , Vassault Anne , Amann Egon , Meng Qing H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical laboratory results are required for critical medical decisions, underscoring the importance of quality results. As part of total quality management, external quality assessment (EQA) is a vital component to ensure laboratory accuracy. The goal of this survey was to evaluate the current status of global laboratory quality systems and assess the need for implementation, expansion, or harmonization of EQA programs (EQAP) for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.

Methods
The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on Global Laboratory Quality (TF-GLQ) conducted a survey of IFCC full and affiliate members (n=110) on laboratory quality practice. A total of 41 (37.3%) countries representing all IFCC regions except North America provided responses about EQA availability and practices.

Results
All 41 countries perform EQA, 38 reported that their laboratories had EQA policies and procedures, and 39 further act/evaluate unacceptable EQA results. 39 countries indicated they have international and/or national EQAP and 30 use alternative performance assessments. EQA frequency varied among countries. Generally, an EQAP provided the EQA materials (40/41) with four countries indicating that they did not have an EQAP in their country.

Conclusions
Globally, most laboratories participate in an EQAP and have defined quality procedures for EQA. There remain gaps in EQA material availability and implementation of EQA as a part of a total laboratory quality system. This survey highlights the need for education, training, and harmonization and will guide efforts of the IFCC TF-GLQ in identifying areas for enhancing global laboratory quality practices.
Effect of the interaction between wood constituents and swelling liquid on the creep properties of wood during drying
Authors: Miyoshi Yuka , Furuta Yuzo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effect of the interactions between the swelling liquid and wood constituents on the creep behavior during drying. Creep tests were conducted during drying of four sample groups (untreated, acetylated, delignified, and hemicellulose-extracted samples) that were swollen using water, one organic liquid, or water-organic mixtures. The largest creep deformation was measured for the hemicellulose-extracted samples, followed by delignified, untreated, and acetylated samples. Apart from the acetylated samples, all treated samples tended to have large creep deformation in water-organic mixtures. For the acetylated samples, the creep deformation was small, except in case of acetone. These differences in the creep deformation behavior are mainly due to the differences in the glass-transition temperature of lignin as a result of the interaction between the wood constituents and the swelling liquid. The considerable increase in creep deformation due to hemicellulose-extraction suggests that hemicellulose, which interacts with lignin and cellulose, reduces the fluidity of the wood due to liquid desorption during creep measurements.
COVID-19 and processes of adjustment in people with persistent pain: the role of psychological flexibility
Authors: McCracken Lance M. , Buhrman Monica , Brocki Karin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of the current study was to investigate facets of Psychological Flexibility (PF) and Psychological Inflexibility (PI) and their relations with depression, anxiety, and insomnia in people with chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was predicted that the full set of facets would significantly predict all three outcomes. The relative contributions of differing facets and dimensions was explored.

Methods
Participants with pain were selected from a sample of 1,657 Swedish adults responding to an online survey of health and COVID-19. Persistent pain was defined as pain on most days, present for three months or more. A total of 560, 33.8% of the total sample, were included in the analyses. Standardized and validated measures were used to measure depression, anxiety, and insomnia, and the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) was used to measure both PF and PI.

Results
Significant rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, at 43.1, 26.4, and 64.2%, respectively, were found in this sample. These rates appear higher than those found in a general sample in Sweden. PF was negatively associated with these problems while PI was positively associated with them. Better prediction of outcome was obtained by PI compared to PF.

Conclusions
PF and especially PI appear to have played a role in relation to health outcomes in people with persistent pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. This group of people appears to have been especially vulnerable to the impacts of the pandemic. This study motivates further investigation and development of treatment approaches, possibly focusing on training PF, for people with persistent pain in the current pandemic context and in the future.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, CVIII. Umsetzungen von Orthoamiden der Alkincarbonsäuren mit CH/NH-aciden, tautomeriefähigen Verbindungen
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Edelmann Kai , Vettel Markus , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The reaction of keten-O,N-acetals, which can exist in tautomeric forms, with orthoamides of alkine carboxylic acids 4 affords pyridine carboxylic acid esters or -nitriles. Analogous reactions of the orthoamides 4 with imidazole-2-yliden-acetic acid ester or -acetonitrile deliver imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. From N-alkyl-3,3-diamino-acrylic acid derivatives and orthoamides of propiolic acid 4-aza-heptatriencarbonitriles can be prepared, whereas orthoamides of phenylpropiolic acid deliver directly 2H-pyrimidine-2-ylidene-cyanacetic acid derivatives. 4-Amino-cumarine reacts with orthoamides 4 to give isomeric 5-oxo-[1]-benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyridines. The orthoamides 4 transform 1,3-diimino-isoindolin into 2-cyanphenylpyrimidines. 2-(Pyrazol-1-yl)-benzamides can be prepared from 3-indazolinon and orthoamides 4. The reaction of orthoamides 4 with 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-uracil proceeds in a complex manner and gives primary products which are very likely imidazo-diazepines. By thermolysis of one of these products a fluorescent pyrolo-imidazolidindione is obtained, which was alkylated with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to give a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate.
Un breve análisis sobre la construcción del amor en los cuerpos de las mujeres a través del hábito. Atisbos para pensar una ética feminista
Authors: Núñez Sandoval Karla Jhoana 
Published: February 2023

En el presente artículo se pretende dar cuenta de cómo opera el hábito en el cuerpo de las mujeres, particularmente con respecto a la relación amorosa heterosexual-patriarcal. Para ello, se recurrirá a Simone de Beauvoir y a Jean Paul Sartre, desde ahí explicar a qué nos referimos con cuerpo. También se tomará la noción de hábito de Pierre Bourdieu para señalar el orden simbólico patriarcal en las relaciones amorosas sexo-afectivas. En cuanto al abordaje de la idea del amor, se realizará un recorrido histórico a partir del desarrollo de Marcela Lagarde, así como de su concepto de cautiverio, y, finalmente, apuntaremos algunas consideraciones de la ética del placer de Graciela Hierro a modo de conclusión.
Palabras clave: hábito, cuerpo, relación amorosa, orden simbólico patriarcal, violencia simbólica.
Sensory and Choice Responses in MT Distinct from Motion Encoding
Authors: Levi Aaron J. , Zhao Yuan , Park Il Memming , Huk Alexander C. 
Published: February 2023

The macaque middle temporal (MT) area is well known for its visual motion selectivity and relevance to motion perception, but the possibility of it also reflecting higher-level cognitive functions has largely been ignored. We tested for effects of task performance distinct from sensory encoding by manipulating subjects' temporal evidence-weighting strategy during a direction discrimination task while performing electrophysiological recordings from groups of MT neurons in rhesus macaques (one male, one female). This revealed multiple components of MT responses that were, surprisingly, not interpretable as behaviorally relevant modulations of motion encoding, or as bottom-up consequences of the readout of motion direction from MT. The time-varying motion-driven responses of MT were strongly affected by our strategic manipulation—but with time courses opposite the subjects' temporal weighting strategies. Furthermore, large choice-correlated signals were represented in population activity distinct from its motion responses, with multiple phases that lagged psychophysical readout and even continued after the stimulus (but which preceded motor responses). In summary, a novel experimental manipulation of strategy allowed us to control the time course of readout to challenge the correlation between sensory responses and choices, and population-level analyses of simultaneously recorded ensembles allowed us to identify strong signals that were so distinct from direction encoding that conventional, single-neuron-centric analyses could not have revealed or properly characterized them. Together, these approaches revealed multiple cognitive contributions to MT responses that are task related but not functionally relevant to encoding or decoding of motion for psychophysical direction discrimination, providing a new perspective on the assumed status of MT as a simple sensory area.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study extends understanding of the middle temporal (MT) area beyond its representation of visual motion. Combining multineuron recordings, population-level analyses, and controlled manipulation of task strategy, we exposed signals that depended on changes in temporal weighting strategy, but did not manifest as feedforward effects on behavior. This was demonstrated by (1) an inverse relationship between temporal dynamics of behavioral readout and sensory encoding, (2) a choice-correlated signal that always lagged the stimulus time points most correlated with decisions, and (3) a distinct choice-correlated signal after the stimulus. These findings invite re-evaluation of MT for functions outside of its established sensory role and highlight the power of experimenter-controlled changes in temporal strategy, coupled with recording and analysis approaches that transcend the single-neuron perspective.