bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitatory neurons derived from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells show transcriptomic differences in Alzheimer’s patients from controls
Authors: Sagar Ram , Azoidis Ioannis , Zivko Cristina , Xydia Ariadni , Oh Esther , Rosenberg Paul , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Mahairaki Vasiliki , Avramopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe recent advances in creating pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells and differentiating them into a variety of cell types is allowing us to study them without the caveats associated with disease related changes. We have generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from eight Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and six controls and used lentiviral delivery to differentiate them into excitatory glutamatergic neurons. We have performed RNA sequencing on these neurons and compared the Alzheimer’s and control transcriptomes. We find that 621 genes show differences in expression levels at adjusted p<0.05 between the case and control derived neurons. These genes show significant overlap and direction concordance with genes reported from a Single cell transcriptome study of Alzheimer’s patients, they contain 5 genes implicated with AD from genome wide association studies and they appear to be part of a larger functional network as indicated by an excess of interactions between them observed in the protein-protein interaction database STRING. Exploratory analysis with Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) suggests distinct clusters of patients, based on gene expression, who maybe clinically different. If confirmed this finding will to contribute to precision medicine approaches to subgroup Alzheimer’s disease.
Senescent Subtypes Transition Model
Authors: Singh Ghanendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSenescence has both beneficial and detrimental roles across the tissues over time. This dual nature is mediated by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Still, transient and persistent SASP secretion is poorly understood. There are some unknown mechanisms through which phenotypic transition takes place from beneficial helper (H) senescent cells to deleterious (D) senescent cell states. NOTCH1 is suggested to mediate switching between the different SASP secretomes. NOTCH1 also suppresses a transcription factor C/EBPβduring the SASP secretion. Therefore, a hypothesis is proposed about the existence of negative feedback from C/EBPβto NOTCH1 together forming a senescence-switching circuit that might be mediating this phenotypic transition at the molecular level. Using a population dynamics model with competitive interaction to decipher the underlying transition mechanism between the senescent cell subtypes and a mechanistic model to explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of NOTCH1 signaling in modulating the two waves of SASP secretion. By designing effective senescence therapies with selective removal of deleterious senescent cells and maintaining sufficient helper senescent cells can enhance health span and reduce age-related effects.
RNA Helicase DDX3 Regulates RAD51 Localization and DNA Damage Repair in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Randolph Matthew E. , Afifi Marwa , Gorthi Aparna , Weil Rachel , Wilky Breelyn A. , Weinreb Joshua , Ciero Paul , ter Hoeve Natalie , van Diest Paul J. , Raman Venu , Bishop Alexander J. R. , Loeb David M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryWe previously demonstrated that RNA helicase DDX3X (DDX3) can be a therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), but its role in EWS biology remains unclear. The present work demonstrates that DDX3 plays a unique role in DNA damage repair (DDR). We show that DDX3 interacts with several proteins involved in homologous recombination, including RAD51, RECQL1, RPA32, and XRCC2. In particular, DDX3 colocalizes with RAD51 and RNA:DNA hybrid structures in the cytoplasm of EWS cells. Inhibition of DDX3 RNA helicase activity increases cytoplasmic RNA:DNA hybrids, sequestering RAD51 in the cytoplasm, which impairs nuclear translocation of RAD51 to sites of double-stranded DNA breaks thus increasing sensitivity of EWS to radiation treatment, bothin vitroandin vivo. This discovery lays the foundation for exploring new therapeutic approaches directed at manipulating DDR protein localization in solid tumors.
AGpr35tuned gut-brain metabolic axis regulates depressive-like behavior
Authors: Cheng Lingsha , Wu Haoqian , Cai Xiaoying , Wang Qiong , Zhang Youying , Yin Zhe , Yan Qingyuan , Hou Yuanlong , Yuan Yonggui , Wang Guangji , Zhang Xueli , Hao Haiping , Zheng Xiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGene-environment interactions shape animal behavior and the susceptibility to neurobehavioral symptoms such as depression. However, little is known about the signaling pathway that integrates genetic and environmental inputs with neurobehavioral outcomes, preventing the development of targeted therapies. Here we report thatGpr35engages a gut microbe-to-brain metabolic pathway to modulate neuronal plasticity and depressive behavior in mice. Chronic stress decreases gut epithelialGpr35, the genetic deletion of which induces despair and social impairment in a microbiome-dependent manner. We identify a dominant role for the imbalance of microbe-derived indole-3-carboxaldehyde (IAld) and indole-3-lactate (ILA) in the behavioral symptoms withGpr35deficiency. Mechanistically, these bacterial metabolites counteractively modulate dendritic spine density and synaptic transmission in the nucleus accumbens. Supplementation of IAld, which is similarly decreased in depressive patients, produce anti-depressant effects in mice with stress or gut epithelialGpr35deficiency. Together, these findings identify a genetics-shaped gut-brain connection underlying the susceptibility to depression and suggest a microbial metabolite-based therapeutic strategy to genetic predisposition.
Genome-wide association studies reveal a rapidly evolving candidate avirulence effector in the Cercospora leaf spot pathogenCercospora beticola
Authors: Chen Chen , Keunecke Harald , Bemm Felix , Gyetvai Gabor , Neu Enzo , Kopisch-Obuch Friedrich J. , McDonald Bruce A. , Stapley Jessica 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe major resistance geneBvCR4recently bred into sugar beets provides a high level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot caused by the fungal pathogenCercospora beticola. The occurrence of pathogen strains virulent toBvCR4was studied using field trials in Switzerland. Virulence of a subset of these strains was evaluated in a field trial conducted under elevated artificial disease pressure. We created a newC. bet colareference genome and mapped whole genome sequences of 256 field-collected isolates. These were combined with virulence phenotypes to conduct three separate GWAS to identify candidate avirulence genes. We identified a locus associated with avirulence containing a single candidate avirulence effector gene namedAvrCR4. All virulent isolates either lackedAvrCR4or had non-synonymous mutations within the gene.AvrCR4was present in all 74 isolates from non-BvCR4hybrids, whereas 33 of 89 isolates fromBvCR4hybrids carried a deletion. We also mapped genomic data from 190 publicly available U.S. isolates to our new reference genome. TheAvrCR4deletion was found in only one of 95 unique isolates from non-BvCR4hybrids in the U.S.AvrCR4presents a unique example of an avirulence effector in which virulent alleles have only recently emerged. Most likely these were selected out of standing genetic variation after deployment ofBvCR4. Identification ofAvrCR4will enable real-time screening ofC. beticolapopulations for the emergence and spread of virulent isolates.
Opening the black box between strategic vision on digitalization and SMEs digital transformation: the mediating role of resource orchestration
Authors: Cheng Songsong , Fan Qunpeng , Dagestani Abd Alwahed 
Published: June 2023

PurposeIn the digital era, the competitiveness of an enterprise is highly dependent on the success of its digital transformation. The effectiveness of such transformation, in turn, relies heavily on the organization's strategic vision and resource fitness. Accordingly, the authors aim to explore the impact of strategic vision on digitalization (SVD) on the digital transformation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), drawing on the perspective of resource orchestration theory.Design/methodology/approachBased on first-hand interview data from 347 Chinese SMEs, the research model was tested empirically by both Structural Equation Modeling and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA).FindingsThe study results supported that the positive effect of SVD on digital transformation, and the mediating effect of resource orchestration (resource structuring, resource bundling and resource leveraging) accounts for the relationship between SVD and digital transformation. Further, the fsQCA showed that neither SVD nor resource orchestration alone constitutes a necessary condition for high digital transformation in SMEs, and that SVD and resource orchestration elements constitute three configuration paths that drive SMEs to achieve high-level digital transformation.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to theorize and empirically examine how SVD affects SMEs digital transformation. In addition, the authors have highlighted the importance of resource orchestration in forging a link between SVD and digital transformation. The research contributes to the resource orchestration theory and digitalization literature and provides guidelines on how SMEs can realize digital transformation.
A conceptual framework of the perceived marketability of independent professionals
Authors: Ghosh Koustab , McDonnell Anthony , Irum Ayesha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndependent professionals represent a highly skilled contractual based workforce. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework that explains the career construction mechanism of independent professionals. Specifically, we theorize that their boundaryless career orientation favorably influences the perception of their marketability via their involvement in career construction activities. Additionally, we elucidate the intervening role of their career competencies, physical and psychological mobility in augmenting or dampening perceived marketability as a career outcome. Differing to traditionally employed professionals, we argue that independent professional careers can be better explained conjointly, rather than separately, by boundaryless career theory and career construction theory. This paper has practical relevance in highlighting the significance of career construction activities by independent professionals for achieving positive career outcomes while pursuing a boundaryless career.
Research output of radiologists in Australia and New Zealand: Strengths, weaknesses and future directions
Authors: Clements Warren , So Joanne , Koukounaras Jim , Lau Gabes , Lukies Matthew W 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionClinical radiology is a popular career. However, academic radiology in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) has not traditionally been a strength of the specialty which has a focus on clinical medicine and has been influenced by corporatisation of the specialty. The aim of this study was to review the source(s) of radiologist‐led research in Australia and New Zealand, to identify areas of relative deficiency and propose plans to improve research output.MethodsA manual search was performed of all manuscripts in seven popular ANZ journals, where the corresponding or senior author was a radiologist. Publications between January 2017 and April 2022 were included.ResultsThere were 285 manuscripts from ANZ radiologists during the study period. This equates to 10.7 manuscripts per 100 radiologists based on RANZCR census data. Radiologists in Northern Territory, Victoria, Western Australia, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory all produced manuscripts above the corrected mean incidence rate of 10.7 manuscripts per 100 radiologists. However, locations including Tasmania, New South Wales, New Zealand and Queensland were below the mean. The majority of manuscripts arose from public teaching hospitals with accredited trainees (86%), and there were a higher proportion of manuscripts published by female radiologists (11.5 compared to 10.4 per 100 radiologists).ConclusionRadiologists in ANZ are academically active; however, interventions aimed at increasing output could be targeted at certain locations and/or areas within a busy private sector. Time, culture, infrastructure and research support are vital, but personal motivation is also extremely important.
Skin maturation from birth to 10 years of age: Structure, function, composition and microbiome
Authors: Stamatas Georgios N. , Roux Pierre‐Francois , Boireau‐Adamezyk Elise , Lboukili Imane , Oddos Thierry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfant and adult skin physiology differ in many ways; however, limited data exist for older children. To further investigate the maturation processes of healthy skin during childhood. Skin parameters were recorded in 80 participants of four age groups: babies (0–2 years), young children (3–6 years), older children (7–<10 years) and adults (25–40 years). Overall, skin barrier function continues to mature, reaching adult levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), lipid compactness, stratum corneum (SC) thickness and corneocyte size by the age of about 6 years. Higher levels of lactic acid and lower levels of total amino acids in the SC of babies and young children further indicate higher cell turnover rates. In all age groups, TEWL and skin surface hydration values remain higher on the face compared with the arm. Skin becomes darker and contains higher levels of melanin with increasing age. The composition of skin microbiome of the dorsal forearm in all children groups is distinct from that in adults, with Firmicutes predominating in the former and Proteobacteria in the latter. Skin physiology, along with the skin microbiome, continues to mature during early childhood in a site‐specific manner.
Editors’ introduction to Sound “Repatriation” in South America: The Politics of Collaborative Archive Reactivations
Authors: Kummels Ingrid , Cánepa Gisela 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe introduction first gives insights into the state of the art of sound “repatriation” concerning the way historical and current recordings of verbal arts, music, and dance are brought back into circulation in originating communities. Sound restitution also seeks to level the epistemological divide resulting from conventional archiving. The groundbreaking, collaborative reactivations taking place in South America explored within the three articles in this journal issue are presented. External researchers and local co‐researchers join forces to create shared soundscapes on an equitable basis; they develop innovative research designs for restitution and participate in webs of collaboration that take into account the recuperation of sound traditions that expert vocalists and instrumentalists, grassroots researchers, Indigenous leaders, and cultural entrepreneurs have independently initiated. Finally, the inclusion of co‐researchers in the curatorship of museum exhibitions and the need to identify anyone who may claim rights to oratory, music, and dance is addressed.
Long‐distance transfer of unwell neonates: A case series
Authors: Bills Hannah , Woodward Louise , Martin Simone 
Published: June 2023

AimThe Northern Territory Neonatal Emergency Transport Service (NETS NT) pilot was created in April 2018 to expedite the transfer of critically unwell neonates to specialised interstate centres. The aim of this paper is to describe long‐distance retrievals undertaken during the first 3 years of operation of the service.MethodsA case series is described comprising neonates requiring long‐distance aeromedical transfer (>2500 km) by NETS NT between April 2018 and June 2021. Data were obtained from hospital and transport service documentation. This was supplemented by four semi‐structured interviews with transport staff.ResultsThirty neonates were transferred via NETS NT during the investigation period, including 19 transfers >2500 km. Of these, 18/19 (94.7%) required respiratory support, 8/19 (42.1%) were intubated and 4/19 (21.1%) required inotropic support. The average length of transport was 7.5 h (5.6–8.9). Twelve patients had in‐flight documentation available. Eight required increased oxygen administration 8/12 (66.6%). The median change in FiO2 was an increase of 0.02 (−0.05 to 0.45).ConclusionsThe NETS NT has been successfully established to transport high‐risk neonates to interstate quaternary health services when required. Future recommendations for the service include ongoing implementation of systems and processes to strengthen all aspects of governance and operations using suitably adapted resources from established Australian retrievals services.
Root cap is an important determinant of rhizosphere microbiome assembly
Authors: Rüger Lioba , Ganther Minh , Freudenthal Jule , Jansa Jan , Heintz‐Buschart Anna , Tarkka Mika Tapio , Bonkowski Michael 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Plants impact the development of their rhizosphere microbial communities. It is yet unclear to what extent the root cap and specific root zones contribute to microbial community assembly.
To test the roles of root caps and root hairs in the establishment of microbiomes along maize roots (Zea mays), we compared the composition of prokaryote (archaea and bacteria) and protist (Cercozoa and Endomyxa) microbiomes of intact or decapped primary roots of maize inbred line B73 with its isogenic root hairless (rth3) mutant. In addition, we tracked gene expression along the root axis to identify molecular control points for an active microbiome assembly by roots.
Absence of root caps had stronger effects on microbiome composition than the absence of root hairs and affected microbial community composition also at older root zones and at higher trophic levels (protists). Specific bacterial and cercozoan taxa correlated with root genes involved in immune response.
Our results indicate a central role of root caps in microbiome assembly with ripple‐on effects affecting higher trophic levels and microbiome composition on older root zones.
Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Authors: Coiro Mario , Allio Rémi , Mazet Nathan , Seyfullah Leyla J. , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: June 2023

Summary

The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of processes underlying biodiversity patterns in deep time. Cycadales are considered a relict of a once more diverse and globally distributed group but are restricted to low latitudes today. We still know little about their origin and geographic range evolution.

Combining molecular data for extant species and leaf morphological data for extant and fossil species, we study the origin of cycad global biodiversity patterns through Bayesian total‐evidence dating analyses. We assess the ancestral geographic origin and trace the historical biogeography of cycads with a time‐stratified process‐based model.

Cycads originated in the Carboniferous on the Laurasian landmass and expanded in Gondwana in the Jurassic. Through now‐vanished continental connections, Antarctica and Greenland were crucial biogeographic crossroads for cycad biogeography. Vicariance is an essential speciation mode in the deep and recent past. Their latitudinal span increased in the Jurassic and restrained toward subtropical latitudes in the Neogene in line with biogeographic inferences of high‐latitude extirpations.

We show the benefits of integrating fossils into phylogenies to estimate ancestral areas of origin and to study evolutionary processes explaining the global distribution of present‐day relict groups.
DynamicPhaeodactylum tricornutumexometabolites shape surrounding bacterial communities
Authors: Brisson Vanessa , Swink Courtney , Kimbrel Jeffrey , Mayali Xavier , Samo Ty , Kosina Suzanne M. , Thelen Michael , Northen Trent R. , Stuart Rhona K. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryRoles of different ecological classes of algal exometabolites in regulating microbial community composition are not well understood. Here, we identify exometabolites from the model diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutumand demonstrate their potential to influence bacterial abundances.We profiled exometabolites across a time course of axenic algal growth using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We then investigated growth of 12 bacterial isolates on individual‐identified exometabolites. Lastly, we compared responses of aP. tricornutum‐adapted enrichment community to additions of two contrasting metabolites: selective growth substrate 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and putative signaling/facilitator molecule lumichrome.We identified 50P. tricornutummetabolites and found distinct temporal accumulation patterns. Two exometabolites (of 12 tested) supported growth of distinct subsets of bacterial isolates. While algal exudates and algal presence drove similar changes in community composition compared with controls, exogenous 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid addition promoted increased abundances of taxa that utilized it in isolation, and also revealed the importance of factors relating to algal presence in regulating community composition.This work demonstrates that secretion of selective bacterial growth substrates represents one mechanism by which algal exometabolites can influence bacterial community composition and illustrates how the algal exometabolome has the potential to modulate bacterial communities as a function of algal growth.
From panic to business as usual: What coronavirus has revealed about migrant labour, agri‐food systems and industrial relations in the Nordic countries
Authors: Kuns Brian , Börjeson Lowe , Fischer Klara , Hedberg Charlotta , Olofsson Irma , Ovaska Ulla , Refslund Bjarke , Fredrik Rye Johan , Vihinen Hilkka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on migrant labour in Nordic agriculture, wild berry picking and food processing. The starting point is the fear of a food crisis at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic (2020) because of the absence of migrant workers. The question was raised early in the pandemic if food systems in the Global North are vulnerable due to dependence on precarious migrant workers. In the light of this question, we assess the reactions of farmers and different actors in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to what looked like an unfolding food crisis. In many ways, the reactions in the Nordic countries were similar to each other, and to broader reactions in the Global North, and we follow these reactions as they relate to migrant workers from an initial panic to a return to business as usual despite the continuation of the pandemic. In the end, 2020 proved to be an excellent year for Nordic food production in part because migrant workers were able to come. We discuss reasons why the Nordic countries did not face disruptions during the pandemic, map out patterns of labour precarity and segmentation for migrant labour in agriculture and food production in the Nordic countries and propose questions for further research.