bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Clusters as Local Innovation Systems
Authors: Christopoulos George , Wintjes René 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces an indicator for identifying innovation clusters that transcend traditional sectoral taxonomies and integrate the creation and use of knowledge in regional economic systems. Such clusters can be expected, based on the literature, to provide fertile ground for feedback mechanisms between knowledge supply and demand, hence contributing to circular cumulative growth dynamics through interactive learning. However, when it comes to operationalising the study of innovation, the creation and use of knowledge have been treated as distinct processes in related work. It is this gap that this paper seeks to address. Applying principal component analysis on location quotients of manufacturing employment data and patent microdata for 152 EU regions, we generate a mapping of co-located innovation-related activity that highlights the complex techno-economic structures of regional economies. Our analysis reveals clusters which include industries traditionally labelled as ‘high-tech’, as well as clusters that reflect centuries-old trajectories of geographically concentrated production specialisation. This research sheds new light on the co-location of innovation-related activity in regional economies and provides insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to foster innovation and economic development in the context of evolving knowledge and production eco-systems.
Role of data uncertainty when identifying important areas for biodiversity and carbon in boreal forests
Authors: Kujala Heini , Minunno Francesco , Junttila Virpi , Mikkonen Ninni , Mäkelä Annikki , Virkkala Raimo , Akujärvi Anu , Leikola Niko , Heikkinen Risto K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractForest conservation plays a central role in meeting national and international biodiversity and climate targets. Biodiversity and carbon values within forests are often estimated with models, introducing uncertainty to decision making on which forest stands to protect. Here, we explore how uncertainties in forest variable estimates affect modelled biodiversity and carbon patterns, and how this in turn introduces variability in the selection of new protected areas. We find that both biodiversity and carbon patterns were sensitive to alterations in forest attributes. Uncertainty in features that were rare and/or had dissimilar distributions with other features introduced most variation to conservation plans. The most critical data uncertainty also depended on what fraction of the landscape was being protected. Forests of highest conservation value were more robust to data uncertainties than forests of lesser conservation value. Identifying critical sources of model uncertainty helps to effectively reduce errors in conservation decisions.
Efficacy of a novel patient-focused intervention aimed at increasing adherence to guideline-based preventive measures in asplenic patients: the PrePSS trial
Authors: Camp Johannes , Bayrhuber Marianne , Anka Natascha , Heine Valerie , Glattacker Manuela , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Rieg Siegbert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether a novel intervention improves the adherence to guideline-based preventive measures in asplenic patients at risk of post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS).

Methods
We used a prospective controlled, two-armed historical control group design to compare a novel, health action process approach (HAPA)-based telephonic intervention involving both patients and their general practitioners to usual care. Eligible patients were identified in cooperation with the insurance provider AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. Patients with anatomic asplenia (n = 106) were prospectively enrolled and compared to a historical control group (n = 113). Comparisons were done using a propensity-score-based overlap-weighting model. Adherence to preventive measures was quantified by the study-specific ‘Preventing PSS score’ (PrePSS score) which includes pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccination status, the availability of a stand-by antibiotic and a medical alert card.

Results
At six months after the intervention, we estimated an effect of 3.96 (95% CI 3.68–4.24) points on the PrePSS score scale (range 0–10) with mean PrePSS scores of 3.73 and 7.70 in control and intervention group, respectively. Substantial improvement was seen in all subcategories of the PrePSS score with the highest absolute gains in the availability of stand-by antibiotics. We graded the degree of participation by the general practitioner (no contact, short contact, full intervention) and noted that the observed effect was only marginally influenced by the degree of physician participation.

Conclusions
Patients who had received the intervention exhibited a significantly higher adherence to guideline-based preventive measures compared to the control group. These data suggest that widespread adoption of this pragmatic intervention may improve management of asplenic patients. Health insurance provider-initiated identification of at-risk patients combined with a patient-focused intervention may serve as a blueprint for a wide range of other preventive efforts leading to patient empowerment and ultimately to better adherence to standards of care.
Development and mechanical characterization of cenosphere-reinforced CFRP and natural rubber core sandwich composite
Authors: Aithal Nithin U. , Mahesh Vishwas , Mahesh Vinyas , Ponnusami Sathiskumar Anusuya , Harursampath Dineshkumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDriven by the growing concern for environmental sustainability, there is an increasing need to explore innovative approaches for repurposing industrial waste materials. This study focuses on investigating the potential uses and challenges associated with cenosphere, a waste product derived from coal combustion in thermal power plants. Typically regarded as waste, cenosphere offers an opportunity to contribute to sustainability efforts. The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of cenosphere, a ceramic-rich industrial waste, on the mechanical properties of woven CFRP-Rubber-CFRP (Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers) sandwich composites. The composite specimens were fabricated using the conventional hand lay-up technique, incorporating different weight percentages (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) of cenosphere as a particulate filler. Tensile, flexural, and impact testing were conducted according to ASTM standards to assess the impact of the filler content on the mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of approximately 15% by weight of discarded cenosphere significantly enhances the tensile strength, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and impact strength of the sandwich composites, yielding improvements of approximately 1.6, 1.56, 2.06, and 1.85 times, respectively, compared to unfilled composites. Microscopic analysis of the composites reveals a well-dispersed cenosphere distribution within the matrix, contributing to the notable enhancement in overall strength characteristics.
Intraobserver reliability and validity of a single ultrasonic measurement of the lateral condyle-capsule distance in the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Delgado-Delgado Raquel , Conde-Vázquez Orlando , Fall Fiona Mc , Fernández-Rodríguez Tomás 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of a single lateral condyle-capsule distance (LCCD) measurement while saving on economic costs and clinical resources.

Methods
A longitudinal test–retest design was used to assess the reliability and validity of single-examiner measures over 72 TMJ sonographic analyses. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a Bland–Altman plot were used to study reliability and validity, comparing the first measurement of the LCCD to the mean of 3 measurements taken one week later by the same examiner.

Results
ICC show intraobserver reliability of 0.981, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.969 to 0.988. The mean difference between the ultrasound measurements is 0.019 mm (95% CI 0.0005–0.0383) with a standard deviation of 0.080 mm, demonstrating robust validity. The 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) are − 0.138 for the lower limit and 0.177 for the upper. Mean relative error is 0.009 mm.

Conclusion
Intraobserver reliability of a trained examiner is very high in the single measurement of the LCCD and validity is significant compared to more complex methods. The risk of bias is low since the mean of three LCCD measurements is calculated as opposed to recording only one single measurement.
In maize, co-expression of GAT and GR79-EPSPS provides high glyphosate resistance, along with low glyphosate residues
Authors: Li Shengyan , Li Pengcheng , Li Xiangyin , Wen Ning , Wang Yinxiao , Lu Wei , Lin Min , Lang Zhihong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerbicide tolerance has been the dominant trait introduced during the global commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops. Herbicide-tolerant crops, especially glyphosate-resistant crops, offer great advantages for weed management; however, despite these benefits, glyphosate-resistant maize (Zea mays L.) has not yet been commercially deployed in China. To develop a new bio-breeding resource for glyphosate-resistant maize, we introduced a codon-optimized glyphosate N-acetyltransferase gene, gat, and the enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene, gr79-epsps, into the maize variety B104. We selected a genetically stable high glyphosate resistance (GR) transgenic event, designated GG2, from the transgenic maize population through screening with high doses of glyphosate. A molecular analysis demonstrated that single copy of gat and gr79-epsps were integrated into the maize genome, and these two genes were stably transcribed and translated. Field trials showed that the transgenic event GG2 could tolerate 9000 g acid equivalent (a.e.) glyphosate per ha with no effect on phenotype or yield. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that, shortly after glyphosate application, the glyphosate (PMG) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in GG2 leaves decreased by more than 90% compared to their levels in HGK60 transgenic plants, which only harbored the epsps gene. Additionally, PMG and its metabolic residues (AMPA and N-acetyl-PMG) were not detected in the silage or seeds of GG2, even when far more than the recommended agricultural dose of glyphosate was applied. The co-expression of gat and gr79-epsps, therefore, confers GG2 with high GR and a low risk of herbicide residue accumulation, making this germplasm a valuable GR event in herbicide-tolerant maize breeding.
Comparison of Four Protocols for In Vitro Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Trophoblast Lineages by BMP4 and Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal and FGF2 Signaling
Authors: Anvar Zahra , Chakchouk Imen , Sharif Momal , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Su Li , Anikar Swathi , Naini Fatemeh Alavi , Utama Alloysius Budi , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured in media containing bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4; B) differentiate into trophoblast-like cells. Supplementing media with inhibitors of activin/nodal signaling (A83–01) and of fibroblast growth factor 2 (PD173074) suppresses mesoderm and endoderm formation and improves specification of trophoblast-like lineages, but with variable effectiveness. We compared differentiation in four BMP4-containing media: mTeSR1-BMP4 only, mTeSR1-BAP, basal medium with BAP (basal-BAP), and a newly defined medium, E7-BAP. These media variably drive early differentiation towards trophoblast-like lineages with upregulation of early trophoblast markers CDX2 and KRT7 and downregulation of pluripotency markers (OCT4 and NANOG). As expected, based on differences between media in FGF2 and its inhibitors, downregulation of mesendoderm marker EOMES was variable between media. By day 7, only hESCs grown in E7-BAP or basal-BAP expressed HLA-G protein, indicating the presence of cells with extravillous trophoblast characteristics. Expression of HLA-G and other differentiation markers (hCG, KRT7, and GCM1) was highest in basal-BAP, suggesting a faster differentiation in this medium, but those cultures were more inhomogeneous and still expressed some endodermal and pluripotency markers. In E7-BAP, HLA-G expression increased later and was lower. There was also a low but maintained expression of some C19MC miRNAs, with more CpG hypomethylation of the ELF5 promoter, suggesting that E7-BAP cultures differentiate slower along the trophoblast lineage. We conclude that while all protocols drive differentiation into trophoblast lineages with varying efficiency, they have advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when selecting a protocol for specific experiments.
„Das habe ich in der Praxis erlernt!“
Authors: Schuster Kerstin , Junge Helene , Caspar Melanie , Volz-Willems Sara , Jäger Johannes , Dupont Fabian 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die geplante Reform des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland hat das Potenzial, die akademische Rolle der Allgemeinmedizin stark zu verändern. Der neue Nationale Kompetenzbasierte Lernzielkatalog für das Medizinstudium (NKLM 2.0) stellt die inhaltliche Grundlage des Reformvorschlags dar und richtet die Ausbildung an deutschen medizinischen Fakultäten auf kompetenzbasiertes Lernen aus. Welche allgemeinmedizinisch relevanten Kompetenzen Studierende aktuell während des Studiums konkret erleben und wann das passiert, ist jedoch weitgehend unbekannt.

Zielsetzung
Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das Kompetenzerleben in allgemeinmedizinisch relevanten Kompetenzen sowie die Wunschausprägung nach kompetenzfördernden Lernangeboten zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten des Medizinstudiums an der Universität des Saarlandes (UdS) zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
Bei der Studie handelt es sich um eine gleichzeitige explorative Mixed-Methods-Studie. 129 Medizinstudierende des 1. bis 10. Semesters der Universität des Saarlandes wurden anonym zu 29 allgemeinmedizinischen Lernzielen aus dem NKLM 2.0 mittels Fragebogen befragt. Anschließend wurden mit 9 Studierenden halbstrukturierte Interviews geführt. Diese wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Das Kompetenzerleben in den allgemeinmedizinisch relevanten Kompetenzen veränderte sich zu unterschiedlichen Studienzeitpunkten nicht signifikant. Bei vielen der Lernziele fühlten sich die Studierenden zu jedem Zeitpunkt des Studiums inkompetent. Die Wunschausprägung nach Lernangeboten bleibt während des Medizinstudiums konstant. Die Studierenden sahen ihren Lernzuwachs am stärksten während der Praktika und in den Wahlfächern. Die allgemeinmedizinischen Lehrangebote der UdS wurden von den Teilnehmenden als hilfreich beim Kompetenzerwerb empfunden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung von allgemeinmedizinischen Praktika für den Erwerb praktischer Fähigkeiten und sind ein Plädoyer für mehr kompetenzfördernde Lernangebote in allgemeinmedizinischen Curricula.
How Do Risk Preferences Affect Golf Course Superintendents’ Adoption of Precision Irrigation Technologies? Implications from Prospect Theory
Authors: Wang Yang , Yue Chengyan , Watkins Eric , Straw Chase 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrecision irrigation is a potential viable strategy for water use reductions on golf courses by making variable or site-specific irrigation applications. A group of US golf course superintendents were surveyed to examine whether and how superintendents’ risk preferences (attitudes) affect the adoption decisions of precision irrigation technologies on their golf courses. Under the prospect theory (PT) framework, a lottery experiment was used to elicit the measures of three risk attitudes, that is, risk curvature, probability distortion, and loss aversion. Using these three measures and other questions in the survey, we found that risk curvature has a significant positive effect on the precision irrigation technologies adoption on golf courses, while probability distortion affects the adoption negatively. Compared to the golf course in low precipitation areas, superintendents’ risk attitudes are more likely to affect the precision irrigation technologies adoption in the golf course in high precipitation areas. Additionally, risk curvature dominates the adoption decisions for newer technologies, while probability distortion dominates the older technologies adoption decisions. Our research enriches the literature on the decision-making behaviors of managers by considering how probability distortion, a factor typically ignored by other studies, affects technology adoption decisions and adds to the literature on examining the technology adoption behaviors under PT by focusing on golf course superintendents, a group that has not been studied.
Strong convergence of an epidemic model with mixing groups
Authors: Ball Frank , Neal Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider an SIR (susceptible
$\to$
infective
$\to$
recovered) epidemic in a closed population of size n, in which infection spreads via mixing events, comprising individuals chosen uniformly at random from the population, which occur at the points of a Poisson process. This contrasts sharply with most epidemic models, in which infection is spread purely by pairwise interaction. A sequence of epidemic processes, indexed by n, and an approximating branching process are constructed on a common probability space via embedded random walks. We show that under suitable conditions the process of infectives in the epidemic process converges almost surely to the branching process. This leads to a threshold theorem for the epidemic process, where a major outbreak is defined as one that infects at least
$\log n$
individuals. We show further that there exists
$\delta \gt 0$
, depending on the model parameters, such that the probability that a major outbreak has size at least
$\delta n$
tends to one as
$n \to \infty$
.
Diagnostic Assessment of Respiratory and Hemodynamic Changes Related to Prone Position in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: López-Viñas Laura , Roy-Vallejo Emilia , Rocío-Martín Esmeralda , de la Rosa Santiago Elena , Zamora García Enrique , Galván-Román Jose María , Wix-Ramos Rybel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To study the respiratory patterns and the hemodynamic variations related to postural changes in inpatients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods:
This report is a prospective study in a cohort of inpatients admitted with COVID-19. We recruited 10 patients admitted to the hospital with moderate or severe COVID-19 who showed improvement in oxygen saturation with prone positioning. We performed cardiorespiratory polygraphy and hemodynamic evaluations by thoracic electrical bioimpedance.

Results:
We observed a median minimum oxygen saturation of 85.00% (IQR: 7.00) in the supine position versus 91.00% (IQR: 8.00) (P = 0.173) in the prone position. The airflow restriction in the supine position was 2.70% (IQR: 6.55) versus 1.55% (IQR: 2.80) (P = 0.383) in the prone position. A total of 36.4% of patients were classified as having a normo-hemodynamic state in the supine position, whereas 54.5% were classified in this group in the prone position (P = 0.668). A decrease in vascular resistance was observed in the prone position (18.2% of vasoconstriction) compared to the supine position (36.4% of vasoconstriction) (P = 0.871).

Conclusion:
This brief report describes the effects of prone positioning on respiratory and hemodynamic variables in 10 patients with moderate or severe COVID-19.
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSES OF RADIOCARBON AGES OF COEXISTING PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA
Authors: Lippold Jörg , Gottschalk Julia , Lynch-Stieglitz Jean , Schmidt Matthew W , Szidat Sönke , Bahr Andre 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTWe compare radiocarbon (14C) ages of coexisting planktonic foraminifera species from sediment cores VM12-107 and KNR166-2-26JPC from the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean for three time periods (Holocene, Heinrich Stadial 1, last glacial maximum). We find a maximum inter-species difference of 120014C yr. On average, the14C ages deviate by ∼300 yr betweenGlobigerinoides ruberand other species. In most cases, this exceeds the analytical uncertainty range of the measurements and thus renders the choice of species for generating age models as important as sample weight. While modern stratified water-column profiles imply an increase in14C ages with water depth, we observe an expected parallel increase of14C ages and δ18O only at VM12-107. The mismatch between14C ages and δ18O at KNR166-2-26JPC likely results from the effects of bioturbation and the hydrographic setting. The largest difference in14C ages between mixed-layer versus thermocline-calcifying planktonic foraminifera are observed during Heinrich Stadial 1 despite a decrease in upper-ocean stratification at that time. This difference is likely the result of inconsistent increases in14C reservoir ages during times of reduced overturning circulation masking the potential of14C ages of coexisting planktonic foraminifera to reflect the density stratification of the water column.
William Munro Tapp: Colonial Investor and Caius College Philanthropist, 1925–1937
Authors: Bell-Romero Nicolas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWilliam Munro Tapp, the largest post-foundation benefactor to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, was a prominent lawyer who directed multiple businesses interested in water utilities, motor car manufacturing, and brewing. That much is acknowledged at Caius today. Yet Tapp was also a director of the sugar refiners Manbré & Garton Limited, and he helped establish a sugar plantation in Kenya. Alongside his involvement in an African estate, he held investments in other plantations and colonial enterprises. He was part of a class of gentlemanly capitalists who participated in imperial expansion and then donated their wealth to British cultural institutions, including colleges and universities. While much public attention has been paid to Cecil Rhodes, this article argues that both Tapp and Rhodes were members of a larger group of men and women who provided their wealth to educational institutions, thereby entrenching the financial legacies of colonialism in universities. By focusing on more minor figures in the British empire, like Tapp, historians can better address the continuities of universities’ financial connections to coerced labour and colonialism across time and understand that private connections and affective attachments between individuals and institutions were as significant as governmental policies in directing the spoils of empire.
PUTTING EGO ASIDE IN NEW OPERA: ON THE CO-CREATIVE DYNAMICS AROUND JE SUIS NARCISSISTE
Authors: Pascual Carles Vicent , Besada José L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe world of opera is well known as a professional community in which egos often clash, yet the complexity of the operatic artwork is often heavily dependent on collaborative practice. This article discusses the co-creative dynamics that gave rise to the premiere production of the comic opera Je suis narcissiste, by composer Raquel García-Tomás, librettist Helena Tornero and stage director Marta Pazos. Through a series of interviews with this artistic team, and a scrutiny of the libretto, score and documentary video recording of its premiere, three significant features of this collaboration are flagged, particularly in Act VIII. These are: a quest for balance in the convergence of the disciplines involved; a mitigation of undesired redundancies in the representation of some elements in the action of the opera; a consideration of the capacity of the human and material resources available for the premiere. The article will also discuss how these anticipatory strategies helped to optimise time during rehearsals.