bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy, Birth and Puerperium. Guideline of the DGGG and DGPM (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/092, March 2022)
Authors: Pecks Ulrich , Agel Lena , Doubek Klaus J. , Hagenbeck Carsten , Jennewein Lukas , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Kranke Peter , Leitner Sabine , Mand Nadine , Rüdiger Mario , Zöllkau Janine , Mingers Nina , Sitter Magdalena , Louwen Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective This S2k guideline of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and the German Society of Perinatal Medicine (DGPM) contains consensus-based recommendations for the care and treatment of pregnant women, parturient women, women who have recently given birth, and breastfeeding women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their newborn infants. The aim of the guideline is to provide recommendations for action in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic for professionals caring for the above-listed groups of people.Methods The PICO format was used to develop specific questions. A systematic targeted search of the literature was carried out using PubMed, and previously formulated statements and recommendations issued by the DGGG and the DGPM were used to summarize the evidence. This guideline also drew on research data from the CRONOS registry. As the data basis was insufficient for a purely evidence-based guideline, the guideline was compiled using an S2k-level consensus-based process. After summarizing and presenting the available data, the guideline authors drafted recommendations in response to the formulated PICO questions, which were then discussed and voted on.Recommendations Recommendations on hygiene measures, prevention measures and care during pregnancy, delivery, the puerperium and while breastfeeding were prepared. They also included aspects relating to the monitoring of mother and child during and after infection with COVID-19, indications for thrombosis prophylaxis, caring for women with COVID-19 while they are giving birth, the presence of birth companions, postnatal care, and testing and monitoring the neonate during rooming-in or on the pediatric ward.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Tandem Cyclization Reaction for the Assembly of Unsymmetrical 2,6-Disubstituted Pyrazines
Authors: Chen Wenteng , Zhang Guolin , Chen Yitong , Zhu Qi , Wang Haiyang , Yu Yongping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,6-disubstituted pyrazines was developed via a palladium(II)-catalyzed cascade reaction from aminoacetonitriles and arylboronic acids. This transformation involves a C(sp)–C(sp2) coupling followed by an intramolecular C–N bond formation in good to excellent yields.
Diiodine–Triethylsilane System: Formation of N-Alkylsulfonamides from Aldehydes or Ketones and Sulfonamides
Authors: Jiang Jin , Feng Siyan , Chang Jinming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReductive amination has not been commonly used in the preparation of N-alkylsulfonamides because of the low nucleophilicity of sulfonamides. In this work, a protocol for the synthesis of N-alkylsulfonamides from aldehydes or ketones and sulfonamides was developed. Molecular iodine, triethylsilane, and ethyl acetate were used as the initiator, reductant, and solvent, respectively. The key role of triethyl(iodo)silane in the reaction was confirmed through control experiments.
Determining local modulus and strength of heterogeneous films by force–deflection mapping of microcantilevers
Authors: Larsen Kyle , Lehnardt Stefan , Anderson Bryce , Rowley Joseph , Vanfleet Richard , Davis Robert 
Published: March 2023

Estimating the elastic modulus and strength of heterogeneous films requires local measurement techniques. For local mechanical film testing, microcantilevers were cut into suspended many-layer graphene using a focused ion beam. An optical transmittance technique was used to map thickness near the cantilevers, and multipoint force–deflection mapping with an atomic force microscope was used to record the compliance of the cantilevers. These data were used to estimate the elastic modulus of the film by fitting the compliance at multiple locations along the cantilever to a fixed-free Euler–Bernoulli beam model. This method resulted in a lower uncertainty than is possible from analyzing only a single force–deflection. The breaking strength of the film was also found by deflecting cantilevers until fracture. The average modulus and strength of the many-layer graphene films are 300 and 12 GPa, respectively. The multipoint force–deflection method is well suited to analyze films that are heterogeneous in thickness or wrinkled.
MYC-driven synthesis of Siglec ligands is a glycoimmune checkpoint
Authors: Smith Benjamin A. H. , Deutzmann Anja , Correa Kristina M. , Delaveris Corleone S. , Dhanasekaran Renumathy , Dove Christopher G. , Sullivan Delaney K. , Wisnovsky Simon , Stark Jessica C. , Pluvinage John V. , Swaminathan Srividya , Riley Nicholas M. , Rajan Anand , Majeti Ravindra , Felsher Dean W. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: March 2023

The Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are glycoimmune checkpoint receptors that suppress immune cell activation upon engagement of cognate sialoglycan ligands. The cellular drivers underlying Siglec ligand production on cancer cells are poorly understood. We find the
MYC
oncogene causally regulates Siglec ligand production to enable tumor immune evasion. A combination of glycomics and RNA-sequencing of mouse tumors revealed the
MYC
oncogene controls expression of the sialyltransferase
St6galnac4
and induces a glycan known as disialyl-T. Using in vivo models and primary human leukemias, we find that disialyl-T functions as a “don’t eat me” signal by engaging macrophage Siglec-E in mice or the human ortholog Siglec-7, thereby preventing cancer cell clearance. Combined high expression of
MYC
and
ST6GALNAC4
identifies patients with high-risk cancers and reduced tumor myeloid infiltration. MYC therefore regulates glycosylation to enable tumor immune evasion. We conclude that disialyl-T is a glycoimmune checkpoint ligand. Thus, disialyl-T is a candidate for antibody-based checkpoint blockade, and the disialyl-T synthase ST6GALNAC4 is a potential enzyme target for small molecule-mediated immune therapy.
Enhancing the performance of coupled quantum Otto thermal machines without entanglement and quantum correlations
Authors: El Makouri Abdelkader , Slaoui Abdallah , Daoud Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We start with a revision study of two coupled spin-

1

/

2

under the influence of Kaplan–Shekhtman–Entin-Wohlman–Aharony interaction and a magnetic field. We first show the role of idle levels, i.e. levels that do not couple to the external magnetic field, when the system is working as a heat engine as well as when it is a refrigerator. Then we extend the results reported in Altintas and Müstecaplıoğlu (2015 Phys. Rev. E 92 022142) by showing that it is not necessary to change both the magnetic field as well as the coupling parameters to break the extensive property of the work extracted globally from two coupled spin-

1

/

2

as has been demonstrated there. Then we study the role of increasing the number of coupled spins on efficiency, extractable work, and coefficient of performance (COP). First, we consider two- and three-coupled spin-

1

/

2

Heisenberg

X
X
X

-chain. We prove that the latter can outperform the former in terms of efficiency, extractable work, and COP. Then we consider the Ising model, where the number of interacting spins ranges from two to six. We show that only when the number of interacting spins is odd the system can work as a heat engine in the strong coupling regime. The enhancements in efficiency and COP are explored in detail. Finally, this model confirms the idea that entanglement and quantum correlations are not the reasons behind the enhancements observed in efficiency, extractable work, and COP, but only due to the structure of the energy levels of the Hamiltonian of the working substance. In addition to this, the extensive property of global work as well, is not affected by entanglement and quantum correlations.
Seeded spin-mixing interferometry with long-time evolution in microwave-dressed sodium spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Zhong Shan , Ooi Hio Giap , Prajapati Sankalp , Zhang Qimin , Schwettmann Arne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a new type of spin-mixing interferometry in sodium Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) based on seeded initial states. Seeding is useful because it speeds up the generation of entangled pairs, allowing many collisions to take place quickly, creating large populations in the arms of the interferometer. The entangled probe states of our interferometer are generated via spin-exchange collisions in F = 1 spinor BECs, where pairs of atoms with the magnetic quantum number

m
F

=
0

collide and change into pairs with

m
F

=
±
1

. Our results show that our seeded spin-mixing interferometer beats the standard quantum limit (SQL) with a metrological gain of 3.69 dB with spin-mixing time t = 10 ms in the case of single-sided seeding, and 3.33 dB with spin-mixing time t = 8 ms in the case of double sided seeding. The mechanism for beating the SQL is two-mode spin squeezing generated via spin-exchange collisions. Our results on spin-mixing interferometry with seeded states are useful for future quantum technologies such as quantum-enhanced microwave sensors, and quantum parametric amplifiers based on spin-mixing.
All-metal cavity antenna with light weight, high efficiency and circular polarization for satellite platform applications
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Zeng Qingsheng , Xu Guanghui , Chen Shitao , Denidni Tayeb A , Gao Steven , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a lightweight high-efficiency circularly polarized (CP) all-metal antenna design method is presented for satellite industry applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a rectangular waveguide feeder, a high-order mode cavity and a metasurface circular polarizer (MCP). The cavity high-order mode TE440 is directly excited by four coupling slots in the waveguide. The MCP is placed on the cavity to generate the CP radiation. Due to the introduction of high-order mode technology and MCP, all metal walls inside the antenna can be removed, which are necessary in conventional waveguide structures, and weight is thereby significantly reduced. To reflect the weight advantage, a conventional metal wall-loaded waveguide antenna of the same size is designed. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has wider impedance and axial ratio bandwidths, and higher radiation efficiency. In particular, the proposed antenna is 40% lighter than the comparative one, indicating that it is more applicable to satellite platforms with limited loading capacities.
Optical properties of ZnSe using linear response theory
Authors: Joshi Nikhil , Maurya Vijay , Joshi K B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The electronic structure and optical response of ZnSe are studied in this work. The studies are carried out using first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. After settling the crystal structure, the electronic band structure of the ground state of ZnSe is calculated. Linear response theory is applied to study optical response considering bootstrap (BS) and the long range contribution (LRC) kernels for the first time. We also use the random phase and adiabatic local density approximations for comparison. A procedure based on empirical pseudopotential method is developed to find material dependent parameter α required in the LRC kernel. The results are assessed by calculating the real and imaginary parts of linear dielectric function, refractive index, reflectivity, and the absorption coefficient. Results are compared with other calculations and available experimental data. The results of LRC kernel finding α from the proposed scheme are encouraging and at par with the BS kernel.
Case study of developing an affordable undergraduate observatory
Authors: Scowcroft Victoria , Davies Steve R , Mathlin Gary , Sloan Peter A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Astronomy is one of the few sciences where the data (star-light) can be seen by all. Yet, there is a disconnect between a typical undergraduate lecture and, for example, where a planet may be in the sky and how to observe it. With the advent of moderate cost, high-quality ‘back-garden’ astronomy, and standard computers powerful enough to produce original research, we show it is possible to build a small observatory capable of actual astrophysical research for a modest budget

≈

£

30
000

. We detail the iterative process of planning, funding, results and student-projects, that we followed over 4 years from a Raspberry Pi camera and home-owned telescope, to a permanent roll-top observatory with two fully automated telescope systems capable of undergraduate use and astronomical science. We report on projects ranging from early-years projects based on observational planning, data analysis and some restricted actual observations, to more open-ended final-year projects to observe, e.g. planetary transits, variable stars or high-resolution planetary imaging. We hope this work may act as a blue-print or encourage and aid other small to medium sized higher-education institutions and astrophysics groups to also develop their own undergraduate observatory.
Automated treatment planning framework for brachytherapy of cervical cancer using 3D dose predictions
Authors: Kallis Karoline , Moore Lance C , Cortes Katherina G , Brown Derek , Mayadev Jyoti , Moore Kevin L , Meyers Sandra M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. To lay the foundation for automated knowledge-based brachytherapy treatment planning using 3D dose estimations, we describe an optimization framework to convert brachytherapy dose distributions directly into dwell times (DTs). Approach. A dose rate kernel

d
̇

(
r
,
θ
,
φ
)

was produced by exporting 3D dose for one dwell position from the treatment planning system and normalizing by DT. By translating and rotating this kernel to each dwell position, scaling by DT and summing over all dwell positions, dose was computed (D
calc). We used a Python-coded COBYLA optimizer to iteratively determine the DTs that minimize the mean squared error between D
calc and reference dose D
ref, computed using voxels with D
ref 80%–120% of prescription. As validation of the optimization, we showed that the optimizer replicates clinical plans when D
ref = clinical dose in 40 patients treated with tandem-and-ovoid (T&O) or tandem-and-ring (T&R) and 0–3 needles. Then we demonstrated automated planning in 10 T&O using D
ref = dose predicted from a convolutional neural network developed in past work. Validation and automated plans were compared to clinical plans using mean absolute differences (

MAD
=

1
N

∑

n
=
1

N

abs

x
n

−

x
n

′

) over all voxels (xn
= Dose, N = #voxels) and DTs (xn
= DT, N = #dwell positions), mean differences (MD) in organ D
2cc and high-risk CTV D90 over all patients (where positive indicates higher clinical dose), and mean Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) for 100% isodose contours. Main results. Validation plans agreed well with clinical plans (MADdose = 1.1%, MADDT = 4 s or 0.8% of total plan time, D
2cc MD = −0.2% to 0.2% and D90 MD = −0.6%, DSC = 0.99). For automated plans, MADdose = 6.5% and MADDT = 10.3 s (2.1%). The slightly higher clinical metrics in automated plans (D
2cc MD = −3.8% to 1.3% and D90 MD = −5.1%) were due to higher neural network dose predictions. The overall shape of the automated dose distributions were similar to clinical doses (DSC = 0.91). Significance. Automated planning with 3D dose predictions could provide significant time savings and standardize treatment planning across practitioners, regardless of experience.
Enhancement of K-shell spectroscopy for temperature measuring of isochorically heated matter in the sub-keV range
Authors: Martynenko A S , Pikuz T A , Skobelev I Yu , Pikuz S A , Iwata N , Johzaki T , Kawanaka J , Law K F F , Fujioka S , Kodama R , Morace A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Both K-shell x-ray emission spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy are well-accepted diagnostics for experimental studies of warm dense matter and hot dense matter (HDM). Until now, however, this diagnosis has been used for the study of dense matter with temperatures lower than 100 eV or with temperatures above 1 keV. In this work, we have demonstrated the possibility of using K-shell emission spectroscopy for an intermediate temperature range of 100s eV to study dense plasma. Here, we discuss an analysis of the HDM emission spectra of a solid-state copper with temperatures up to a few hundreds of electronvolts heated by laser-accelerated charged particles.
Interface tomography of GaInAs/AlInAs quantum cascade laser active regions
Authors: Paysen Ekaterina , Schütt Sebastian , Michler Sondre , Yang Quankui , Aidam Rolf , Trampert Achim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a high-resolution electron tomography study of buried ultra-thin layers and their interfaces from the active region of a (Ga,In)As/(Al,In)As quantum cascade laser (QCL) test structure. Using a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy image series, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the complex layer structure is obtained. From this 3D information, we determine quantitative values for the chemical width and, simultaneously and independently, the root mean square roughness (rms) and lateral correlation length of the individual interfaces of a cascade using topographic height maps. The interfacial widths are comparably small for all interfaces within a cascade and the layer thicknesses show only a small standard deviation of less than one monolayer. The rms roughness is systematically lower at the direct (Ga,In)As-on-(Al,In)As interface compared to its inverse. In addition, using the one-dimensional height–height correlation function, different lateral correlation lengths along the two perpendicular

⟨
011
⟩

in-plane directions are detected indicating a distinct anisotropy of the interface morphology. Our accurate and comprehensive results on the QCL test structure will serve as feedback to evaluate the growth process and help to assess the performance of corresponding future laser devices in detail.
Optimizing the use of pressurized bladders for the assembly of HL-LHC MQXFB magnets
Authors: Ferradas Troitino J , Ambrosio G , Bourcey N , Cheng D , Devred A , Felice H , Ferracin P , Guinchard M , Izquierdo Bermudez S , Kandemir K , Lusa N , Milanese A , Mugnier S , Perez J C , Todesco E , Triquet S , Vallone G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The use of pressurized bladders for stress control of superconducting magnets was firstly proposed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the early 2000s. Since then, the so-called ‘bladders and keys’ procedure has become one of the reference techniques for the assembly of high-field accelerator magnets and demonstrators. Exploiting the advantages of this method is today of critical importance for Nb3Sn-based accelerator magnets, whose production requires the preservation of tight stress targets in the superconducting coils to limit the effects of the strain sensitivity and brittleness of the conductor. The present manuscript reports on the results of an experimental campaign focused on the optimization of the ‘bladders and keys’ assembly process in the MQXFB quadrupoles. These 7.2 m long magnets shall be among the first Nb3Sn cryomagnets to be installed in a particle accelerator as a part of the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC. One of the main practical implications of the bladders technique, especially important when applied to long magnets like MQXFB, is that to insert the loading keys, the opening of a certain clearance in the support structure is required. The procedure used so far for MQXF magnets involved an overstress in the coils during bladder inflation. The work presented here shows that such an overshoot can be eliminated thanks to additional bladders properly positioned in the structure. This optimized method was validated in a short model magnet and in a full-length mechanical model, becoming the new baseline for the series production at CERN Furthermore, the results are supported by numerical predictions using finite element models.
Spectrofluorimetric in tandem with principal component analysis for characterizing mycobacterium tuberculosis disease
Authors: Shah Jamshed Saeed , Ullah Rahat , Muhammad Noor , Ahmad Adnan , Khan Saranjam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) in tandem with the chemometric technique has effectively been used for analyzing respiratory infectious disease Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This research work is based on the fluorescence emission of bacterium grown in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture. Samples were collected from TB suspected patients of various areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and cultured in the Provisional TB Reference Lab, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan. The fluorescence spectra from all these samples have been acquired using the 405 nm wavelength as excitation. The differences in the fluorescence emission spectra between TB positive, TB negative, and cultured media samples has been found at peak emission wavelengths arising at 467 nm and 490 nm. The differences between TB positive and negative samples were seen both in the intensities as well as shift in their fluorescence emission peaks. For highlighting the spectral differences, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on the fluorescence emission data collected from the three sets of samples. PCA clearly cluster the data into three different groups based on features extracted from their fluorescence emission data. These results are novel and suggest that FS can be used as alternate confirmation tool of mycobacterium through AFB culture on a mass scale. Furthermore, this technique is fast, cost effective and user friendly that could be used effectively for the early detection of mycobacterium bacillus in the suspected individual.
The ϕ
p bound state in the unitary coupled-channel approximation
Authors: Sun Bao-Xi , Fan Ying-Ying , Cao Qin-Qin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The strong attractive interaction of the ϕ meson and the proton has recently been reported by the ALICE Collaboration. The corresponding scattering length f
0 is given as

Re

(

f

0

)

=
0.85
±
0.34

(
stat
)

±
0.14

(
syst
)

and

Im

(

f

0

)

=
0.16
±
0.10

(
stat
)

±
0.09

(
syst
)

fm. The fact that the real part is significant in contrast to the imaginary part indicates a dominant role of elastic scattering, whereas the inelastic process is less important. In this work, such scattering processes are inspected based on a unitary coupled-channel approach inspired by the Bethe–Salpeter equation. The ϕ
p scattering length is calculated based on this approach, and it is found that the experimental value of the ϕ
p scattering length can be obtained only if the attractive interaction of the ϕ meson and the proton is taken into account. A significant outcome of such attractive interaction is a two-pole structure in the ϕ
p scattering amplitude. One of the poles, located at (1969 − i283) MeV might correspond to N(1895)1/2− or N(1875)3/2− as listed in the review of the Particle Data Group (PDG). The other one, located at 1949 − i3 MeV should be a ϕ
N bound state, which has no counterpart in the PDG data.