bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ability of grazing fish to generate particulate organic matter derived from autochthonous primary production
Authors: Abe Shin‐ichiro , Hoshino Daiki , Iguchi Kei’ichiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGrazing fish play a role of controlling autochthonous primary production and converting it to secondary production by consuming benthic algae. Moreover, they will also provide autochthonous particulate organic matter (POM) for freshwater ecosystems by dislodging the benthic algal matrix while feeding. However, it has not been confirmed whether grazing fish induce POM production during their feeding on benthic algae. To verify this POM production during grazing by fish, short‐term (90 min) feeding experiments were conducted by introducing grazing fishPlecoglossus altivelisinto indoor aquaria with benthic algal mats. We found that the fish can generate POM by feeding on benthic algae. Although POM was generated in the aquaria where the fish had not grazed on the benthic algal mats at all, the concentration of POM in the aquaria increased with the frequency of the acts of scraping benthic algae by the fish. Furthermore, we observed that the fish egested faeces which corresponded to about 44% on average of the ingested benthic organic matter. In some cases, the fish generated POM that corresponded to 88% of the removed (dislodged and ingested) benthic organic matter through their feeding and defecation. This study suggested that grazing fish have a function of providing autochthonous POM to freshwater ecosystems both via dislodging benthic algae during feeding and through egestion of consumed benthic algae.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated with eculizumab in a real‐world setting
Authors: Versmold Katharina , Alashkar Ferras , Raiser Carina , Ofori‐Asenso Richard , Xu Tao , Liu Yutong , Katz Pablo , Shang Aijing , Röth Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the real‐world clinical profile of eculizumab‐treated patients by characterizing their short‐ and long‐term clinical and laboratory outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study used preexisting medical records of eculizumab‐treated patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) at the University Hospital Essen. Hematologic response, breakthrough hemolysis, transfusion dependence, and other outcomes were assessed.ResultsOf 85 patients with PNH, 76 received eculizumab for ≥24 weeks (mean follow‐up: 5.59 years; total: 425 person‐years). At 24 weeks (n = 57 patients with data), 7% and 9% had complete and major hematologic response, respectively. Breakthrough hemolysis occurred in 8%, and 38% required a blood transfusion. Over long‐term follow‐up (25–264 weeks), 70%–82% of patients did not achieve complete or major hematologic response in any 24‐week period. Breakthrough symptoms, breakthrough hemolysis, and transfusion dependence occurred in 63%, 43%, and 63% of patients, respectively, at any point during follow‐up. The majority (79%–89%) of patients did not achieve normalized hemoglobin, with 76%–93% having elevated bilirubin or absolute reticulocyte count in any 24‐week window. Mean percentage reduction in lactate dehydrogenase (baseline to end of follow‐up) was 80.3% (95% CI, 64.0–96.6).ConclusionsA considerable proportion of patients with PNH receiving eculizumab did not achieve optimal clinical outcomes and had an ongoing disease burden.
Inhibition of neuronal peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ attenuates motor function improvement after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Kim Youngkyung , Park Kyu‐won , Lee Eunji , Yoon Young Wook 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes secondary damage in injured and adjacent regions due to temporal deprivation of oxygen and energy supply. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is known to regulate cell survival mechanisms such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation and energy homeostasis in various tissues. Thus, PPARγ has the potential to show neuroprotective properties. However, the role of endogenous spinal PPARγ in SCI is not well established. In this study, under isoflurane inhalation, a 10‐g rod was freely dropped onto the exposed spinal cord after T10 laminectomy using a New York University impactor in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Cellular localization of spinal PPARγ, locomotor function and mRNA levels of various genes including NFκB‐targeted pro‐inflammatory mediators after intrathecal administration of PPARγ antagonists, agonists or vehicles in SCI rats were then analysed. In both sham and SCI rats, spinal PPARγ was presented in neurons but not in microglia or astrocytes. Inhibition of PPARγ induced IκB activation and increased mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators. It also suppressed recovery of locomotor function with myelin‐related gene expression in SCI rats. However, a PPARγ agonist showed no beneficial effects on the locomotor performances of SCI rats, although it further increased the protein expression of PPARγ. In conclusion, endogenous PPARγ has a role in anti‐inflammation after SCI. Inhibition of PPARγ might have a negative influence on motor function recovery through accelerated neuroinflammation. Nonetheless, exogenous PPARγ activation does not appear to effectively help with functional improvement after SCI.
Interplay between speech and gait variables in Parkinson's disease patients treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: A long‐term instrumental assessment
Authors: Cavallieri Francesco , Gessani Annalisa , Merlo Andrea , Campanini Isabella , Budriesi Carla , Fioravanti Valentina , Di Rauso Giulia , Feletti Alberto , Damiano Benedetta , Scaltriti Sara , Guagnano Noemi , Bardi Elisa , Corni Maria Giulia , Antonelli Francesca , Cavalleri Francesca , Molinari Maria Angela , Contardi Sara , Menozzi Elisa , Puzzolante Annette , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Bergamini Elena , Pavesi Giacomo , Fraix Valérie , Meoni Sara , Fraternali Alessandro , Versari Annibale , Lusuardi Mirco , Biagini Giuseppe , Pinto Serge , Moro Elena , Valzania Franco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate correlations between speech and gait parameters in the long term and under different medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) conditions in a cohort of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.MethodsThis observational study included consecutive PD patients treated with bilateral STN‐DBS. Axial symptoms were evaluated using a standardized clinical‐instrumental approach. Speech and gait were assessed by perceptual and acoustic analyses and by the instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test, respectively. Disease motor severity was evaluated with the total score and subscores of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III. Different stimulation and drug treatment conditions were assessed: on‐stimulation/off‐medication, off‐stimulation/off‐medication, and on‐stimulation/on‐medication.ResultsTwenty‐five PD patients with a 5‐year median follow‐up after surgery (range 3–7 years) were included (18 males; disease duration at surgery: 10.44 [SD 4.62] years; age at surgery: 58.40 [SD 5.73] years). In the off‐stimulation/off‐medication and on‐stimulation/on‐medication conditions, patients who spoke louder had also the greater acceleration of the trunk during gait; whereas in the on‐stimulation/on‐medication condition only, patients with the poorer voice quality were also the worst to perform the sit to stand and gait phases of the iTUG. Conversely, patients with the higher speech rate performed well in the turning and walking phases of the iTUG.ConclusionsThis study underlines the presence of different correlations between treatment effects of speech and gait parameters in PD patients treated with bilateral STN‐DBS. This may allow us to better understand the common pathophysiological basis of these alterations and to develop a more specific and tailored rehabilitation approach for axial signs after surgery.
Characteristics of prescribing activity within primary care in Scotland 2013–2022 of general practitioners, nurse, pharmacist and allied health prescribers: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: MacVicar Sonya , Paterson Ruth E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndependent prescribing by nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals is diversifying into a variety of healthcare settings as pressures mount on existing resources. Primary care was an early adopter of prescribing by non‐medical professionals with resulting improvements in accessibility and flexibility of services but also noted barriers. Exploring existing prescribing activity within primary care can support future initiatives that are cognisant of the needs of this specific population and targeted in the use of finite resources.AimTo explore the characteristics of prescribing activity of common drugs dispensed by community pharmacies in Scotland by prescribing groups of general practitioners, nurses, pharmacist and allied health professionals. Specifically, to compare overall drug prescribing frequency by prescriber group and identify emergent prescribing patterns of individual drugs.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data from Public Health Scotland on frequency of the ten most common drugs prescribed and dispensed from community pharmacies between 2013 and 2022 by prescriber group were examined, applying descriptive statistics using secondary data analysis.ResultsPrescribing activity in non‐medical prescribing groups accounted for 2%–3% of overall prescribing activity in primary care. There is a growing interprofessional approach to prescribing in chronic disease. Proton pump inhibitors were the most commonly prescribed medication overall with a 4‐fold increase in nurse prescribing. The decline in prescribing frequency caused by COVID 19 restrictions has since returned to pre‐pandemic levels.ConclusionThere is a growing contribution of nurse independent prescriber activity within primary care although still a relatively small proportion compared to medical practitioners. The pattern of increased prescribing of medications for long term and chronic conditions such as proton pump inhibitors by all prescribers is suggestive of multi‐disciplinary professionals supporting increased patient demand. This study provides a baseline to evaluate current service provision in further research and enable professional, service and policy development.
Extra‐pair paternity and sexual dimorphism in birds
Authors: Valcu Mihai , Valcu Cristina , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferences in the strength of sexual selection between males and females can lead to sexual dimorphism. Extra‐pair paternity (EPP) can increase the variance in male reproductive success and hence the opportunity for sexual selection. Previous research on birds suggests that EPP drives the evolution of dimorphism in plumage colour and in body size. Because EPP increases the intensity of sexual selection in males, it should lead to increased dimorphism in species with larger or more colourful males, but decreased dimorphism in species with larger or more colourful females. We explored the covariation between EPP and sexual dimorphism in wing length and plumage colouration in 401 bird species, while controlling for other, potentially confounding variables. Wing length dimorphism was associated positively with the frequency of EPP, but also with social polygamy, sex bias in parental behaviour and body size and negatively with migration distance. The frequency of EPP was the only predictor of plumage colour dimorphism. In support of our prediction, high EPP levels were associated with sexual dichromatism, positively in species in which males are more colourful and negatively in those in which females are more colourful. Contrary to our prediction, high EPP rates were associated with increased wing length dimorphism in species with both male‐ and female‐biased dimorphism. The results support a role for EPP in the evolution of both size and plumage colour dimorphism. The two forms of dimorphism were weakly correlated and predicted by different reproductive, social and life‐history traits, suggesting an independent evolution.
Selective adhesive luting: A novel technique for improving adhesion achieved by universal resin cements
Authors: Breschi Lorenzo , Josic Uros , Maravic Tatjana , Mancuso Edoardo , Del Bianco Federico , Baldissara Paolo , Mazzoni Annalisa , Mazzitelli Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to introduce the concept of “Selective adhesive luting—SAL” which is explained through clinical steps and supported by preliminary laboratory evidence.Clinical ConsiderationsCementation with rubber dam is difficult to perform in case of short abutment teeth and/or subgingival crown margins. By means of universal resin cements/universal adhesive systems, which can be employed in self‐adhesive as well as adhesive luting procedures, this paper presents a novel technique allowing clinicians to perform reliable cementation where rubber dam isolation is difficult. The SAL technique entails the application of a universal adhesive system only on easily accessible abutment surfaces, enabling simultaneous adhesive and self‐adhesive luting in different portions of the abutment. The SAL clinical workflow is explained through prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillary right central incisor affected by microdontia and restored with a lithium‐disilicate crown. Furthermore, our laboratory microshear bond strength study supports the rationale behind SAL application demonstrating higher bond strength even when the adhesive resin is placed only on one portion of the cementation substrate.Clinical SignificanceThis article advocates the application of SAL technique in clinical situations where effective adhesive luting is uncertain, since it can improve the adhesion between the tooth and universal resin cements.
Evaluation of the sensory properties of thickened and protein‐enhanced ice cream using check‐all‐that‐apply and temporal check‐all‐that‐apply
Authors: Moss Rachael , Gorman Mackenzie , LeBlanc Jeanne , Ritchie Christopher , McDowell Taylor K. , Lowe Judith , Ettinger Laurel , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIce cream formulations with varying amounts of added whey protein were created for those living with dysphagia in long‐term care facilities (LTCs) to improve protein and fluid intake. The samples of thickened ice cream included a control (0% whey protein [WP]) and formulations with 6% (6WP), 8% (8WP), 10% (10WP), 12% (12WP) and 14% (14WP) added whey protein by volume. The consistency of the samples was assessed using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) Spoon Tilt Test, a sensory trial (n = 102) using hedonic scales and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) and another sensory trial (n = 96) using temporal check‐all‐that‐apply (TCATA). The whey protein increased the acceptability of the thickened ice cream except for the 12WP and 14WP formulations. The formulations with higher amounts of whey protein were associated with bitterness, custard/eggy flavor, and mouthcoating. The TCATA identified that the addition of whey protein led to slippery, gritty, and grainy attributes being perceived in the thickened ice cream. The study identified that 10% whey protein by volume can be added to thickened ice cream without impacting its' acceptability and the 6WP, 8WP, and 10WP formulations were liked significantly more than the control (without whey protein).
A Post‐American Middle East? US Realities Vs. Chinese and Russian Alternatives
Authors: Colley Christopher K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the past 15 years, there have been increasing calls for the United States to reduce its overseas force structure and to bring troops home. Such discussion accelerated during the Trump administration, and perceptions of American retrenchment were heightened by President Joe Biden's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan. This article asks the key question: Is Washington really engaging in a systematic pullout from the Middle East? Based on publicly available evidence, I argue that, contrary to common perceptions, the American military is actually increasing its forward presence in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf region. In addition, I contend that the two other states that have the potential to replace the United States in the Middle East, Russia and China, are for multiple reasons incapable of doing so. In addition to puncturing the myths, the article contributes to the ongoing policy debates and theoretical literatures regarding Middle East security and great‐power competition.
Inhibition of SlSKOR by SlCIPK23‐SlCBL1/9 uncovers CIPK‐CBL‐target network rewiring in land plants
Authors: Nieves‐Cordones Manuel , Amo Jesús , Hurtado‐Navarro Laura , Martínez‐Martínez Almudena , Martínez Vicente , Rubio Francisco 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Transport of K+ to the xylem is a key process in the mineral nutrition of the shoots. Although CIPK‐CBL complexes have been widely shown to regulate K+ uptake transport systems, no information is available about the xylem ones. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the voltage‐gated K+ channel SlSKOR and its regulation by the SlCIPK23‐SlCBL1/9 complexes in tomato plants.
We phenotyped gene‐edited slskor and slcipk23 tomato knockout mutants and carried out two‐electrode voltage‐clamp (TEVC) and BiFC assays in Xenopus oocytes as key approaches.
SlSKOR was preferentially expressed in the root stele and was important not only for K+ transport to shoots but also, indirectly, for that of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NO3−, and Cl−. Surprisingly, the SlCIPK23‐SlCBL1/9 complexes turned out to be negative regulators of SlSKOR. Inhibition of SlSKOR by SlCIPK23‐SlCBL1/9 was observed in Xenopus oocytes and tomato plants. Regulation of SKOR‐like channels by CIPK23‐CBL1 complexes was also present in Medicago, grapevine, and lettuce but not in Arabidopsis and saltwater cress.
Our results provide a molecular framework for coordinating root K+ uptake and its translocation to the shoot by SlCIPK23‐SlCBL1/9 in tomato plants. Moreover, they evidenced that CIPK‐CBL‐target networks have evolved differently in land plants.
Legalism without adversarialism?: Bureaucratic legalism and the politics of regulatory implementation in the European Union
Authors: Foster Chase 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany scholars predict that European integration will foster adversarial legalism in Europe. In this article, I empirically assess the Eurolegalism thesis by examining EU regulatory mandates in the competition and securities fields, two policy areas where adversarial legalism is seen as most likely to develop. I argue that the diffusion of adversarial legalism to Europe has faced significant political opposition in the EU policymaking process which has curtailed the use of private enforcement mandates in EU secondary legislation. European policymakers have relied more on administrative enforcement through public regulatory agencies, a mode of policy implementation closer to bureaucratic legalism. In practice, public authorities play the primary enforcement role and private litigation serves the narrower function of compensation following public enforcement actions. Drawing from institutionalist theory, I identify several factors that have encouraged the development of bureaucratic rather than adversarial styles of European legalism, especially member states' commitments to procedural subsidiarity, the negative feedback effects from the US experience with entrepreneurial litigation, and the stickiness of European legal and bureaucratic traditions.
Hemostatics in patients with inhibited coagulation—A viscoelastic in‐vitro analysis
Authors: Lechner Raimund , Hanke Katharina , Schmid Anna , Mayer Benjamin , Helm Matthias , Kulla Martin , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe military has used topical hemostatic agents to successfully treat life‐threatening external bleeding for years. In contrast to the military environment, the general population are increasingly prescribed anticoagulants. There are only few comparative evaluations of topical hemostatic agents with anticoagulated human blood. It is important to understand the impact of these agents on those who take anticoagulants.Study design and MethodsCitrated blood of patients treated with enoxaparin, heparin, and acetylsalicylic acid, apixaban or phenprocoumon was incubated with different hemostatic agents (QuikClot Gauze, Celox Granules, Celox Gauze, Chito SAM 100, WoundClot Trauma Gauze, QuikClot Gauze Moulage Trainer and Kerlix) and rotational thromboelastometry was performed with non‐activated thromboelastometry (NATEM reagent).ResultsAll tested agents improved the onset of coagulation in all anticoagulants, mostly to a significant degree. Most significant improvements were produced by QuikClot Gauze and QuikClot Gauze Moulage Trainer, followed by the tested chitosans (Celox Granules, Celox Gauze, Chito SAM 100). Of the anticoagulant groups, the most significant improvements were seen in enoxaparin. This was followed in order by apixaban, heparin, and acetylsalicylic acid, and phenprocoumon.DiscussionAll the hemostatic agents tested were able to activate the clotting cascade earlier and initiate faster clot formation in anticoagulated blood. A definitive head‐to‐head comparison is not feasible, because of the limitations of an in‐vitro analysis. However, the sometimes‐presented hypothesis that kaolin‐based hemostatic agents are ineffective in anticoagulated blood is inaccurate according to our data. Hemostasis with hemostatic agents appears most challenging with phenprocoumon.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Persian Version of the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers
Authors: Hessam Masumeh , Mousavi Mohammad Hossein , Saadat Maryam , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel 
Published: March 2023

Background: The Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST) is a reliable and valid region-specific tool designed to evaluate health-related quality of life in throwing athletes with upper-extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to adapt, translate, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Functional Arm Scale (FAST-Persian) for use in throwing athletes. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based on 5 steps of cross-cultural adaptation including forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert committee review, and pretesting. The final Persian questionnaire, along with Persian versions of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic questionnaires, was completed by 177 throwing athletes for validity analysis. After 7 to 14 days, the FAST-Persian was reanswered by 80 throwers, who had no changes in this time interval. Internal consistency and test retest reliability were used to evaluate reliability of the questionnaire. Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changes were also calculated. Construct validity was determined by correlational analysis with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic questionnaires. Dimensionality was evaluated with factor analysis. Result: Cronbachs alpha was .99, and the interclass correlation coefficient levels for total score and 5 subscales of the FAST-Persian ranged between .98 and .99. The standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changes were 3.17 and 8.80, respectively. The FAST-Persian had a high correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (r = .98, P < .0001) and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (r = .98, P < .0001) scores. Factor analysis revealed one factor with a total variance of 75.23%. Conclusion: The FAST-Persian is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to evaluate health-related quality of life in overhead athletes and throwers.