bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of enzyme preparation as a coadjuvant in the control of foam formation in the bioethanol industrial fermentation process
Authors: Buzo Fernando Henrique , Cedeno Fernando Roberto Paz , Brienzo Michel , Masarin Fernando 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The industrial production of fuel ethanol is carried out by a fermentation process with yeast cell recycling resulting in excess foam formation. The present work aims to evaluate the performance of a commercial enzymatic preparation (Fermax™) as a defoaming agent in industrial bioethanol process. The enzymatic preparation was applied concomitant with traditional chemicals. The application was carried out by pumping the enzymatic preparation into the fermentation vats. The monitoring of the process was carried out by quantifying the indicators of a fermentation process. Assays 1 and 2 showed average reductions in the consumption of defoamer and dispersant of 26% and 37%, respectively. In the assay 1, the strategy of reducing the mix of ethanol production was adopted, resulting in reductions in wort flow, ethanol production, and rate of occupation of vats. Assay 1 resulted in similar values to the traditional process without the addition of enzyme. However, in assay 2, the strategy to reduce the ethanol production mix was not adopted. In this condition, there were no significant differences in the indicators of the fermentation process between the control and enzyme periods. Assay 1 presented a net cost reduction of 15%, while assay 2 a net cost increase of 9%, with resources for the acquisition of chemical inputs, which totaled savings of R$ 0.40 in assay 1 and a loss of R$ 0.18 in assay 2 per cubic meter of ethanol. The decrease in the ethanol production mix was the most appropriate moment for the application of the enzyme preparation.
Synthesis of a novel siloxane-based crosslink agent and its application in emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate
Authors: Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Yakdel Mahmood , Arabi Seyed Mahmood , Hosseinpour Pedram 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Improving water-based polymer`s properties using silicon compounds is strongly noticed nowadays. A novel siloxane-based crosslink agent was synthesized using oligomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hydroxyl-terminated. The crosslinker was used for emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), and acrylic acid (AA). Incorporation of the crosslinker in the structure of the copolymer increased the average latex particle size (from about 165 nm to 207 nm) and as a result of that, the viscosity of the latexes was dramatically decreased (from 212 cP to 83 cP). The crosslink density of the latexes, meanwhile, was raised (from about 7% to 60%). Electrostatic stability of the latexes was improved in the presence of the crosslinker (zeta potential from -31.7 mV to -49.5 mV and the average mobility of the latexes particles from -2.4 µm/s/V/cm to -3.8 µm/s/V/cm). The crosslinking agent affected both the initial decomposition temperature and residual weight fraction of the copolymer (from 388 °C to 406 °C and from about 0.5 w% to 12.4 w% respectively). Morphological study of the latexes was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Addition of the crosslinker, lead to a decrease in the contact angle (from 70 to 39 degrees) of the latexes film formed.
The Effect of Burning on Dental Tissue: A Macroscopic and Microscopic Analysis
Authors: Peer Michal , Sarig Rachel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Teeth are considered unique as fingerprints for identification purposes. Their structure and resilience mean they can remain for thousands and millions of years withstanding extreme conditions, including burning. During burning, bones undergo carbonization at approximately 400°C and calcination at approximately 700°C. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbonization and calcination on dental tissue. It involved nondestructive analyses of 58 extracted human teeth before and after burning, using x-ray diffraction, micro-CT, and high resolution confocal microscopy. The results revealed that during carbonization, dentin volume decreased in two thirds of the sample, accompanied by crack formation and significant reduction in hydroxyapatite crystal size (p < 0.001). During calcination, dentin volume decreased in all teeth, along with a significant deepening of the cracks (p < 0.001), while enamel crystal size increased slightly. Initial changes in teeth occurred at lower temperatures than had been previously assumed, as indicated by the cracks during carbonization, and there was up to a 36% decrease in dentin volume during calcination, which should be considered when measuring burnt teeth. The results of this research provide new insight into understanding dental tissue response to burning. Thus, dental remains may contribute to the knowledge needed to reconstruct anthropological and forensic scenarios involving burning.
Estimating frequency-dependent shear wave velocity in near-surface sediment based on seismic interferometry
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shi Yang , He Hongjun , Ji Hanwen , Miao Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Near-surface seismic shear wave is a basic tool for seismic investigations. However, its frequency-dependent property is not fully investigated, especially by the in-situ observation method. Here, we develop the seismic interferometry with a moving frequency window to process the natural seismic signals recorded by the KiK-net network. It is observed that the phase velocity of the shear wave decreases sharply as the frequency increases in the low-frequency range, and remains constant in the high-frequency range. The observed dispersion phenomenon presents a challenge to existing site effect prediction theories, while also providing an observational reference for understanding how the shear wave propagates in near-surface sediment.
A case of breast metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma: a rare and delayed complication of thyroid cancer
Authors: Chen Kexu , Jiang Xu , Wang Guiling , Yuan Minggang , Zhuang longchuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is a type of differentiated thyroid cancer that can metastasize to distant organs via hematogenous spread. Breast metastasis from FTC is an extremely rare but possible complication that can mimic primary breast cancer.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a 64-year-old woman who had a history of subtotal thyroidectomy for FTC 17 years ago and developed a palpable mass in her left breast. Ultrasound, mammography and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed an irregular nodule with calcifications and increased FDG uptake in the left breast, as well as hypermetabolic nodules in the right lower lung and thyroid gland. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and left segmental mastectomy, and the pathology confirmed the diagnosis of FTC recurrence and breast metastasis. The patient received three cycles of I-131 radioablation therapy and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy, and achieved complete remission of the recurrent FTC lesion and breast metastasis.
Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering the possibility of breast metastasis from FTC in patients with a history of thyroid cancer and a suspicious breast mass. FDG PET/CT can provide valuable information for the diagnosis and staging of FTC breast metastasis. Total thyroidectomy, segmental mastectomy, I-131 radioablation therapy and TSH suppressive therapy can be an effective treatment option for this rare condition.
Novel scoring tool of hypoxemic respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension for defining severity of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
Authors: Timberline Sage , Bhatt Avni , Sunderji Sherzana , Tancredi Daniel , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Siefkes Heather 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective:
To create and obtain preliminary validity data for a hypoxemic respiratory failure/pulmonary hypertension (HRF/PH) score for classifying persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
Study Design:
Retrospective chart review of 83 neonates admitted to a Children’s hospital from 2016–2021 with PPHN, gestational age ≥ 34 weeks, and echocardiograms in the first week. We assessed correlation between HRF/PH score and short-term outcomes using linear and logistic regressions.
Results:
HRF/PH scores ranged 2–12 (mean 8.5), and were classified mild (0–5), moderate (6–10) and severe (11–15), with 6%, 77% and 17% infants in respective categories. HRF/PH score category correlated with invasive ventilation, nitric oxide, high frequency ventilation, vasoactive infusions, extracorporeal life support and death. HRF/PH score category did not correlate with duration of support or length of stay.
Conclusion:
The HRF/PH score offers a promising representation of disease severity for PPHN and can be a potential tool to assess outcomes in clinical trials.
The durability of previous examinations for cancer: Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lykkegaard Jesper , Olsen Jonas Kanstrup , Wehberg Sonja , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Patients previously examined for cancer with a negative result may present in general practice with ongoing or new symptoms or signs suggestive of cancer.
Aim: To explore the potential existence of a relatively safe period for cancer occurrence after receiving negative examination results for specific types of cancer, including lung (CT thorax), upper gastrointestinal (gastroscopy), colorectal (colonoscopy), bladder (cystoscopy), and breast (clinical mammography).
Design and Setting: Register-based time-to-event analyses were conducted, starting on January 1st ,2017, involving all 3.3 million Danish citizens aged 30-85 years who had not previously been diagnosed with the specific types of cancer.
Method: The population was categorized based on the time since their most recent examination. Using one-year follow-up, we calculated the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios of being diagnosed with the related cancer, with non-examined individuals as reference. Negative examination results were defined as the absence of a cancer diagnosis within six months following the examination.
Results: Previous negative examination results were common, also among those diagnosed with cancer during follow-up. Individuals with a negative colonoscopy had nearly half the risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer. However, already one year after a clinical mammography and two years after a CT thorax the risk of diagnosing the related cancers was significantly higher among those with a previous negative result compared to non-examined individuals.
Conclusion: This study did not identify a post-examination period in which the cancer risk, compared to non-examined individuals, was sufficiently low to confidently rule out any of the investigated cancers.
Line-Tunneling iTFET with Overlapping Gate-on-Source and Drain Schottky Contact and SiGe-Pocket for Steep Subthreshold Swing and High ON-Current
Authors: Lin Jyi-Tsong , Lin Kuan-Pin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel Pocket-SGO iTFET design with overlapping gate on source, Schottky contact to drain, and doping-less SiGe pocket. The aim is to achieve steep subthreshold swing (S.S) and high ION current. By optimizing the gate and source overlap, the tunneling efficiency is significantly enhanced, while the ambipolar effect is suppressed. The use of a Schottky contact at the drain, instead of ion implantation drain, reduces leakage current and thermal budget. Additionally, the tunneling region is replaced by a pocket SiGe with a narrower bandgap, which increases the probability of band-to-band tunneling and enhances the ION current. Our experiments are based on the feasibility of the actual process, thorough Sentaurus TCAD simulations demonstrate that the Pocket-SGO iTFET exhibits an average and minimum subthreshold swing of S.Savg = 16.2 mV / dec and S.Smin = 4.62 mV / dec, respectively. At VD = 0.2 V, the ION current is 1.81 × 10-6 A / μm, and the ION / IOFF ratio is 1.34 × 109. Furthermore, when considering interface traps, the device still achieves S.Savg = 31.9 mV / dec and ION / IOFF = 1.76 × 107. The Pocket-SGO iTFET design shows great potential for low-power devices that are required for the Internet of Things (IoT) and AI applications.
Inductive Line Tunneling FET Using Epitaxial Tunnel Layer with Ge-Source and Charge Enhancement Insulation
Authors: Lin Jyi-Tsong , Chang Yen-Chen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a inductive line tunneling FET using Epitaxial Tunnel Layer with Ge-Source and Charge Enhancement Insulation (CEI ETL GS-iTFET). The CEI ETL GS-iTFET allows full overlap between the gate and source regions, thereby enhancing the line tunneling. In addition, a germanium layer is introduced on the source side to form a heterojunction, effectively improving the device's conduction current. An ETL is incorporated to combat tunneling leakage, resulting in a steeper subthreshold swing. Furthermore, a CEI consisting of Si3N4 is introduced between the germanium source and the Schottky metal, which effectively reduces carrier losses in the inversion layer and improves the overall device performance. This study presents a calibration-based approach to simulations, taking into account practical process considerations. Simulation results show that at VD = 0.2 V, the CEI ETL GS-iTFET achieves an average subthreshold swing (SSavg) of 30.5 mV/dec, an Ion of 3.12x10-5 A/μm and an Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.81x1010. These results demonstrate a significantly low subthreshold swing and a high current ratio of about 1010. In addition, the proposed device eliminates the need for multiple implantation processes, resulting in significant manufacturing cost reductions. As a result, the CEI ETL GS-iTFET shows remarkable potential in future low-power device competition.
Predicting survival of advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Comparison of machine learning models and Cox regression models
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Shen Yu-jie , Huang Qiang , Wu Chun-Ping , Ren Heng-Lei , Zhou Liang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common tumor type. High recurrence rates remain an important factor affecting the survival and quality of life of advanced LSCC patients.
Objective:We aimed to build a new nomogram and a random survival forest model using machine learning to predict the risk of LSCC progress.
Material and Methods: The study included 671 patients with AJCC stages III–IV LSCC. To develop a prognostic model, Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between clinic-pathologic factors and disease-free survival (DFS). RSF analysis was also used to predict the DFS of LSCC patients.
Results:The ROC curve revealed that the Cox model exhibited good sensitivity and specificity in predicting DFS in the training and validation cohorts (one year, validation AUC = 0.679, training AUC = 0.693; three years, validation AUC = 0.716, training AUC = 0.655; five years, validation AUC = 0.717, training AUC = 0.659). Random survival forest analysis showed that N stage, clinical stage, and postoperative chemoradiotherapy were prognostically significant variables associated with survival.
Conclusions: The random forest model exhibited better prediction ability than the Cox regression model in the training cohort; however, the two models showed similar prediction ability in the validation cohort.
A ‘Coomassie for Carbohydrates” - novel methodology for rapid detection and quantitation of glycosylated IgGs on an SDS-PAGE gel
Authors: De Arnab , Sausen Christopher , Meade Caryl , Zhou Jing , Antona Aaron D’ 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translation modification present on majority of eukaryotic proteins. Therefore, it is dependent on the host cell line and affected by the cell culture and purification process. Additionally, glycosylation of therapeutic biologics is known to have a profound impact on binding and downstream effector functions. Hence, glycosylation is increasingly considered a critical quality attribute (CQA) of biopharmaceutical drugs and has been showed to affect the safety and efficacy of these molecules. Therefore, regulatory agencies have adopted a Quality by Design (QbD) approach for glycan monitoring at various steps with stringent controls to ensure efficacy and safety. This requires multiple, orthogonal fit-for-purpose tools to study the process. One key unmet need in downstream organizations of large pharmaceutical companies is a real-time, rapid glycan detection and quantification tool to guide purification/expression process. To meet this need, we have developed a selective, colorimetric assay which selectively stains sugar moieties (glycosylated IgGs) which appears as magenta bands on an SDS-PAGE resolved gel. The selectivity arises because the method leverages stereochemical differences of hydroxyl groups between amino acids and carbohydrates to selectively stain the primary alcohol in carbohydrates but not in amino acids. Specifically, our method selectively oxidizes the ‘cis-diol’ group in carbohydrates to aldehydes and stains the aldehydes on an SDS-PAGE gel by Schiff’s reaction. Our method is semi-quantitative and has comparable sensitivity to Coomassie with LoD of around 50ng. The method can detect glycosylated IgGs produced in multiple cell lines (including HEK and CHO), thereby enabling us to study batch-to-batch variability and can critically stain both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation. We also show that the assay can be used as a downstream purification guide for process analytics following ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
Hefer Valley virus – a novel ephemerovirus detected in blood of a cow with severe clinical signs, Israel, 2022
Authors: Golender Natalia , Klement Eyal , Ofer Lior , Hoffmann Bernd , Wernike Kerstin , Beer Martin , Pfaff Florian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A novel ephemerovirus was identified in a febrile cow from Hefer Valley, Israel. The animal showed severe and ultimately fatal clinical signs, that resembled those of an arboviral infection. Sequencing from blood revealed the full genome sequence of Hefer Valley virus, a likely new species within the genus Ephemerovirus, family Rhabdoviridae.
Design of intelligent legal text analysis and information retrieval system based on BERT model
Authors: Li Bingyao , Wang Meng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The amalgamation of information retrieval systems and soft computing techniques establishes a robust framework to confront the challenges and seize the opportunities presented by the vast expanse of big data. As the volume, diversity, and velocity of data continue to proliferate, further advancements in this domain are poised to significantly contribute to various realms, encompassing healthcare, finance, e-commerce, and scientific research, ultimately propelling innovation and facilitating decision-making in the epoch of big data. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to the analysis and comprehension of legal documents holds the potential to expedite the acquisition of case-specific information by legal researchers, thereby expediting their research endeavors. This paper proposes a legal text analysis and retrieval model, rooted in the Bleem model (Bert-based Legal Paper's Element Extracting Model). Initially, our model employs Bert as the coding layer to extract the semantic information embedded within document sentences and element exemplars. Subsequently, we leverage the Attention mechanism to align the semantic essence of element example sentences with document sentences, while simultaneously computing their respective attention weights. Comparative experiments and attention visualization are then employed to validate the efficacy of the Bleem model. The experimental results corroborate the superiority of the Bleem model in terms of accuracy and F1 scores. The visualization of the attention mechanism effectively reveals the inner workings of the Bleem model and unveils its capacity to explore pertinent fragments within document sentences and element examples. Building upon the aforementioned model, we have devised an intelligent legal text analysis and retrieval system, empowering legal researchers to swiftly acquire pivotal data through case briefs. This application has effectively fostered the integration of legal services within the holistic management of public risks.
Gastroprotective effect of the essential oil of Myrcia loranthifolia (Myrtaceae) on acute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice and possible mechanisms of action
Authors: Santos Rayza Helen Graciano dos , de Oliveira João Ricardhis Saturnino , de Aguiar Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias , Lima Vera Lúcia de Menezes , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz , de Oliveira Antonio Fernando Morais 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In this work, we investigated the chemical composition and gastroprotective potential of the essential oil from leaves of Myrcia loranthifolia collected in Atlantic Forest and Seasonally Dry Forest in Brazil (= Caatinga). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized GC–MS. Gastroprotection was evaluated in an absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in mice. To elucidate the gastroprotective mechanisms, the roles of prostaglandins, KATP channels, and calcium channels were investigated. The essential oil extracted from the leaves of M. loranthifolia, collected in the Atlantic Forest, was found to contain (E)–caryophyllene (47.54%), α–humulene (9.22%), and germacrene D (8.94%) as the primary constituents. In turn, the oil from samples of the Caatinga presented (E)–caryophyllene (17.68%), trans–calamenene (12.44%), germacrene D (10.38%), α–humulene (10.19%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.11%) as predominant constituents. M. loranthifolia essential oil at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the severity of gastric lesions, but differences were found in the gastroprotective potential according to the geographical origin of the oil. Our findings suggest that the essential oil extracted from M. loranthifolia leaves may offer partial protection to the gastric mucosa through the activation of prostaglandins.
The mitochondrial permeability transition in liver and heart
Authors: Ricardez-García Carolina , Reyes-Becerril Mauricio , Castañeda-Támez Paulina , Méndez-Romero Ofelia , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Opening of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) permeability transition pore (PTP) dissipates ion gradients and the transmembrane electric potential (ΔΨ) across IMM, releasing excess Ca2+ from the mitochondrial matrix. Immediate closure of PTP must follow to prevent outer membrane disruption, loss of cytochrome C and eventual apoptosis. Flickering, defined as the rapid alternative opening/closing of PTP, has been reported in heart, which undergoes frequent, large variations in Ca2+. In contrast, in tissues that undergo depolarization events less frequently, such as the liver, PTP would not need to be as dynamic and thus these tissues would not be as resistant to stress. To evaluate this idea, it was decided to follow the reversibility of the permeability transition (PT) in isolated mitochondria from two different tissues: the very dynamic heart, and the liver, which suffers depolarizations less frequently. It was observed that in heart mitochondria PT remained reversible for longer periods and at higher Ca2+ loads than in liver mitochondria. This was evaluated measuring the rate of oxygen consumption, organelle swelling and Ca2+ retention capacity. It is suggested that PTP fitness varies in a tissue-specific manner.