bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two lineages of Lemna aequinoctialis sensu lato (Araceae, Lemnoideae) based on physiology, morphology, and phylogeny
Authors: Shiga Takashi , Lee Yuri , Kato Syou , Kim Jae Young , Shimono Yoshiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. is a widely spread species that has diverse physiological and molecular properties. In this study, physiological and morphological analyses were conducted by inducing flowering, and molecular analysis was done based on two chloroplast DNA loci (atpF − atpH intergeneric spacer, matK) of L. aequinoctialis sensu lato from 70 strains found in 70 localities in Japan, Korea, Thailand, and the US. 752 flowering fronds from 13 strains were observed based on axenic conditions. Two different trends in flower organ development, protogyny and adichogamy, were detected in these strains. Their physiological traits were divided into two groups, showing different morphological features based on frond thickness, root cap, and anther sizes. Molecular analysis showed two lineages corresponding to two physiological groups. These were identified as L. aequinoctialis sensu Beppu et al. (1985)d aoukikusa Beppu et Murata based on the description of the nomenclature of L. aoukikusa. These were concluded as independent taxa and can be treated as different species. Furthermore, the distribution of L. aoukikusa is not only limited to Japan.
Fine Structural Characteristics of the Chorionic Microspheres on the Egg Surface of the Orb Web Spider Trichonephila clavata
Authors: LEE Seung-Min , Moon Myung-Jin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The eggs laid by the orb web spider Trichonephila clavata must overwinter in very harsh weather conditions before hatching, but there does not seem to be any protection like a compact silk case covering the entire eggmass. Instead, the surface of the eggmass is completely coated with a milky coating called chorionic microspheres (CM). Therefore, we investigated the fine structural characteristics of CM to demonstrate the role of their ecological importance. Although the CM exhibits an uneven size distribution in outer eggmass, the chorionic surface is evenly covered with a single layer with a diameter of 2.3 µm approximately. The surface structure of aggregated CM shows short papillary projections demonstrating segmental adhesion of mucous components. CM is insoluble in water but partially soluble in absolute ethanol, and its spherical structure is completely decomposed by HFIP, a strong organic solvent. Since our fine structural observations clearly show that CM is not derived from vitellogenic or choriogenetic processes, the CM adhesive coatings during ovipositional process appears to be equivalent to cocoon silk for various protective functions in silken eggcase.
Comparison of Saddle flap technique versus Vestibular Incision Sub-Periosteal Tunnel Access (VISTA) technique with advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF), for treatment of multiple gingival recessions under surgical operating microscope – A Split Mouth Study.
Authors: Vundavalli Sravanthi , Penmetsa Gautami S , P Mohan Kumar , Boddeda Anusha , Sruthim NVS , Gera Dinesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND Root coverage procedures have become an integral part for the management of gingival recessions. Treating multiple recessions is the most challenging scenario. For several reasons it is a matter of concern for both patients and clinicians. New surgical techniques for treating multiple recessions have been proposed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the outcomes of root coverage obtained using VISTA with PRF and Saddle flap with PRF in treating multiple gingival recessions.METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective randomized controlled, single-blinded comparative study where 108 recession defects were included. Patients were randomized into VISTA and Saddle groups respectively. Recession depth(RD), Recession width(RW), Width of keratinized tissue(WKT), Thickness of keratinized gingiva(TKG), Percentage of root coverage(%RC), and Complete root coverage(CRC) were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months.RESULTS Both groups showed significant improvement in all the clinical parameters. Inter-group comparison showed better performance in VISTA group in terms of RD,%RC,TKG,WKT, (p < 0.001) compared to Saddle group.CONCLUSION VISTA with PRF showed predictable results in terms of all the root coverage parameters. Saddle flap technique could provide a viable and predictable approach in treating multiple gingival recessions.
Reversal learning in ant colonies
Authors: Santos Cristina , Rajagopal Supraja , Sanabria Federico , Sasaki Takao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Reversal learning has been studied in many species, often as an indicator of their behavioral flexibility. Although this research typically focuses on individuals, groups of social animals, especially social insects, are often considered to have similar learning capabilities. Associative learning has been rarely studied in ant colonies and their behavioral flexibility is still to be assessed. In this study, we investigated behavioral flexibility of ant colonies (Temnothorax rugatulus) in a reversal learning task using a two-corridor maze with distinctive visual and tactile cues indicating the location of food. Ant colonies readily learned to discriminate between these cues and subsequently learned their reversal. Reversal performance was maintained after a 5-day retention interval, but not after a 10-day interval. These results show that the two-corridor maze used in this study can serve to assess colony-level learning in ants.
A real and rare type of complete duplication of portal vein: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yu Jianan , Yang Siwei , Su Tianhao , Jin Long 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Duplication of the portal vein is a rare type of congenital anomaly of the portal system. Herein, we present a rare type of complete portal vein duplication in a 71-year-old female patient complaining of longstanding abdominal distension and dyspepsia and illuminate the mechanism underlying severe complication in embryonic portal vein development. Interventional radiological procedures excluded other probable pathological alternations. Understanding the embryonic development of the portal vein and timely intervention are essential to manage such patients.
On the Behavior of Bauxite Tailings under High Stresses
Authors: Gonçalves Rosanne Rodrigues Santos Maciel , Festugato Lucas , Dutra Matheus de Rezende , Hoch Bruna Zakharia , Filho Hugo Carlos Scheuermann , Schnaid Fernando 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Despite the vital importance to the contemporary economy, some drawbacks are mainly associated with the waste derived from mining activity. Essentially, this waste consists of tailings that end up being hydraulically disposed of in large impoundments, the tailings dams. Thence, as the dams are enlarged to accommodate higher amounts of materials, the stress states at which the deposited tailings are submitted change. This may be a concern for the stability of such structures once the geotechnical behavior of this sort of material may be complex and difficult to predict considering the existing approaches. Thus, the present study concerns the mechanical response of bauxite tailings under a wide span of stresses, ranging from 25 kPa to 4,000 kPa. One-dimensional compression tests, CIU, and CID triaxial tests were carried out on undisturbed and remolded samples of the bauxite tailings. The after-shearing grain size distribution was, as well, characterized. The results have shown a stress-dependency of the critical state friction angle for the intact material which may be related to fabric alterations derived from structure deterioration and particle breakage.
The effects of bleaching strategies on the teeth metabolome
Authors: Gomes Paulo Wender Portal , Zuffa Simone , Baumeister Anelize , Caraballo-Rodríguez Andrés Mauricio , Zhao Haoqi Nina , Mannochio-Russo Helena , North Michael , Dogo-isonagie Cajetan , Patel Om , Lavender Stacey , Pimenta Paloma , Gronlund Jennifer , Pilch Shira , Maloney Venda , Dorrestein Pieter C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
White teeth can give confidence and tend to be associated with a healthier lifestyle in modern society. Therefore, modern tooth bleaching strategies have been developed, including the use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfate. Although both molecules are oxidizing agents, their effects on the molecular composition of the stained teeth are yet to be determined. In this study, the molecular profiles of teeth bleached with these two different bleaching procedures were compared using liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). GNPS spectral libraries and SIRIUS were used to perform metabolite annotation. The analysis revealed amino acids, dipeptides, and derivatives in peroxymonosulfate and H2O2 treated samples were altered compared to non-bleached sample controls. Additionally, the two bleaching methods led to distinct molecular profiles. For example, diterpenoids were more prevalent after peroxymonosulfate treatment, while treatment with H2O2 resulted in a greater abundance of alkaloids. This work elucidates the biochemical changes resulting from different tooth-whitening strategies.
Risk factors of early bacterial infection and analysis of bacterial composition, distribution and drug susceptibility after liver transplantation
Authors: Liu Min , Li Cuiying , Liu Jing , Wan Qiquan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection after liver transplantation through analyzing the pathogenic distribution, drug sensitivity and risk factors of bacterial infection after liver transplantation.Method We collected clinical data from 207 recipients following liver transplantation in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2019 to December 2021 and analyzed the composition and distribution of bacterial pathogens, drug resistance and risk factors of infection.Results A total of 90 bacterial infections occurred in 55 recipients within two months after liver transplantation, and the incidence of bacterial infection was 26.6% (55/207). The gram-negative bacteria (46/90, 51.1%) were more prevalent than the gram-positive bacteria (44/90, 48.9%). Most common site of infection was abdominal/biliary tract (26/90, 28.9%), lung (22/90, 22.4%) and urinary tract (22/90, 22.4%). Fourteen cases (6.8%) died after liver transplantation. Klebsiella pneumoniae (17/90, 18.9%) was the most frequent gram-negative bacteria causing infection in liver transplant recipients and Most of gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to amikacin, minocycline, tigecycline and polymyxin B. The most common gram-positive bacteria was Enterococcus faecium (30/90, 33.3%) and the most of the gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, tigecycline and linezolid. Univariate analysis revealed that bacterial infection was associated with female, age (≥ 50 years old), preoperative albumin (≤ 30 g/L), operation duration (≥ 400 min), intraoperative blood loss (≥ 3000 ml) and postoperative ventilator support. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR = 3.149, 95% CI: 1.418–6.993, P = 0.005), operation duration (≥ 400 min) (OR = 2.393, 95% CI: 1.202–4.765, P = 0.013) and intraoperative blood loss (≥ 3000 ml) (OR = 2.052, 95% CI: 1.007–4.183, P = 0.048) were independent risk factors for bacterial infection after liver transplantation.Conclusion The incidence of early bacterial infection after liver transplantation was high, and the infection sites were mainly abdominal/biliary tract, respiratory tract and urinary tract. The most common pathogenic bacterium was gram-negative bacterium. Female, operation duration (≥ 400 min) and intraoperative blood loss (≥ 3000 ml) were independent risk factors for bacterial infection after liver transplantation. Improving surgical technique, shortening operation time and reducing intraoperative blood loss might play a positive role in reducing bacterial infection after liver transplantation.
Are Ready Biodegradation Tests Effective Screens for Non-persistence in All Environmental Compartments?
Authors: Martin-Aparicio Alberto , Camenzuli Louise , Hughes Christopher , Pemberton Emma , Saunders David , Wang Neil , Lyon Delina Y. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Persistence assessment is a cornerstone of chemical hazard and risk assessment in numerous regulatory frameworks, as the longevity of a substance in the environment relates to exposure and ultimately the risk it poses. A chemical that is readily biodegradable is commonly assumed to undergo rapid and ultimate biodegradation under most environmental conditions. Ready biodegradability tests (RBT), such as the OECD 301 test series, are used to quickly screen out non-Persistent substances and focus regulatory scrutiny on the most hazardous substances. The stringency of the RBT as a screen for all environmental compartments is paramount to ensure that there are no readily biodegradable yet Persistent substances. To assess this stringency in practice, we here describe a systematic comparison of substances with both RBT data and biodegradation simulation test data for soil, sediment or water compartments to see whether there are any substances which are readily biodegradable yet meet EU REACH regulatory Persistence criteria in any specific environmental compartment.Results A rough assembly of data extracted from the ECHA database showed that, out of 164 substances with both RBT and simulation test data, there were 8 substances that were readily biodegradable but Persistent (based on the most conservative result) in a compartment. However, many of the underpinning simulation study information were not high-quality guideline studies and had conflicting simulation test data. To more accurately compare the RBT and simulation testing outcomes, strict quality criteria on the RBT and simulation tests were applied, which limited the data set to about one-third.Conclusions Using these curated test data, there were no readily biodegradable substances that were Persistent in any compartment. This assessment does not obviate the need for weight-of-evidence assessment in regulatory decision making, but a strict side-by-side comparison of the available data supports the stringency and effectiveness of RBTs to identify non-Persistent chemicals in all relevant environmental compartments.
Separability And Compactness, Estimates for the Eigenvalues And Singular Numbers (s-numbers) of a Resolvent of a Class of Singular Parabolic Operators
Authors: Muratbekov Mussakan , Muratbekov Madi , Igissinov Sabit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper we study a singular parabolic operator$$Lu=\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+q(x)u$$initially defined on $C^{\infty}_{0,\pi}(\bar{\Omega})$, where $\bar{\Omega}=\{(t,x):-\pi\leq t\leq \pi, -\infty0$ is a constant.
{\bf Example.} $q(x)=e^{1000|x|}, -\infty
Swallowtail butterflies' initial stage of speciation is influenced by adaptation to plant-defensive substances
Authors: Ozaki Katsuhisa , Matsumoto Natsushi , Kotera Masaaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Swallowtail butterflies are all phytophagous, and their evolution has been influenced by adaptations to the defensive substances of plants. Among the 31 genera in the Papilionidae family, approximately 80% (26 genera) have diversified at the genus level using magnoliid plants. In contrast, the genus Papilio has mainly diversified at the species level on the Rutaceae, with several species shifting into the Apiaceae. We collected data on the defensive chemicals of plants from public databases, summarised them by family, and clustered them using unsupervised machine learning techniques. Our analysis revealed that the phylogenetically distant Fabaceae, Rutaceae, and Apiaceae are similar in toxicity, characterised by the presence of furanocoumarins in these plants. We propose that species belonging to the genus Papilio adapted to the Rutaceae and Apiaceae by appropriating detoxification mechanisms acquired by their common ancestor, the Fabaceae-phagous butterfly.
Associations of self-reported happiness with body mass index and obesity risks among young adults in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chi-Fang , Lo Kai-Yang , Su Yan-Jhu , Yeh Ding-Peng , Kao Hsiao-Fang , Lin I-Tung , Ho Chien-Chang , Shieh Jiann-Cherng , Lee Po-Fu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of self-reported happiness with body mass index and obesity risks among young adults aged in Taiwan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data sets from the Taiwan National Physical Activity Survey, a nationally representative survey of Taiwan's population. A total of 10,638 young adults aged 18-44 years were ultimately enrolled in this study from August to October 2020. Demographic characteristics, self-reported health status, self- evaluations (comprising height, body weight, and happiness), and zip code of residence were among the data obtained through the national telephone survey.
Results: The results showed that after adjusting for potential confounders in the unhappy group, the obesity was significantly associated with happiness. (odds ratio [OR] = 0.637, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0494-0.820, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The present study revealed that body component and obesity risk are the factors affecting happiness among young adults in Taiwan. Moreover, obesity showed the negative correlation with happiness after adjusting for confounding factors.
Effectiveness of Spinal Manipulation and Biopsychosocial Self-Management compared to Medical Care for Low Back Pain: A Randomized Trial Study Protocol
Authors: Bronfort Gert , Delitto Anthony , Schneider Michael , Heagerty Patrick , Chou Roger , Connett John , Evans Roni , George Steven , Glick Ronald , Greco Carol , Hanson Linda , Keefe Francis , Leininger Brent , Licciardone John , McFarland Christine , Meier Eric , Schulz Craig , Turk Dennis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is widespread, costly, and burdensome to patients and health systems. Little is known about non-pharmacological treatments for the secondary prevention of cLBP. There is some evidence that treatments addressing psychosocial factors in higher risk patients are more effective than usual care. However, most clinical trials on acute and subacute LBP have evaluated interventions irrespective of prognosis.
Methods
We have designed a phase 3 randomized trial with a 2x2 factorial design. The study is also a Hybrid type 1 trial with focus on intervention effectiveness while simultaneously considering plausible implementation strategies. Adults (n = 1000) with acute/subacute LBP at moderate to high risk of chronicity based on the STarT Back screening tool will be randomized in to 1 of 4 interventions lasting up to 8 weeks: supported self-management (SSM), spinal manipulation therapy (SMT), both SSM and SMT, or medical care. The primary objective is to assess intervention effectiveness; the secondary objective is to assess barriers and facilitators impacting future implementation. Primary effectiveness outcome measures are: (1) average pain intensity over 12 months post-randomization (pain, numerical rating scale); (2) average low back disability over 12 months post-randomization (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire); (3) prevention of cLBP that is impactful at 10–12 months follow-up (LBP impact from the PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0). Secondary outcomes include: recovery, PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0 measures to assess pain interference, physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. Other patient-reported measures include LBP frequency, medication use, healthcare utilization, productivity loss, STarT Back screening tool status, patient satisfaction, prevention of chronicity, adverse events, and dissemination measures. Objective measures include the Quebec Task Force Classification, Timed Up & Go Test, the Sit to Stand Test, and the Sock Test assessed by clinicians blinded to the patients’ intervention assignment.
Discussion
By targeting those subjects at higher risk this trial aims to fill an important gap in the scientific literature regarding the effectiveness of promising non-pharmacological treatments compared to medical care for the management of patients with an acute episode of LBP and the prevention of progression to a severe chronic back problem.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03581123
Enhanced in Vivo Blood Brain Barrier Transcytosis of Macromolecular Cargo Using an Engineered pH-sensitive Mouse Transferrin Receptor Binding Nanobody
Authors: Esparza Thomas J. , Su Shiran , Francescutti Caroline M. , Rodionova Elvira , Kim Joong Hee , Brody David L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The blood brain barrier limits entry of macromolecular diagnostic and therapeutic cargos. Blood brain barrier transcytosis via receptor mediated transport systems, such as the transferrin receptor, can be used to carry macromolecular cargos with variable efficiency. Transcytosis involves trafficking through acidified intracellular vesicles, but it is not known whether pH-dependent unbinding of transport shuttles can be used to improve blood brain barrier transport efficiency.Methods A mouse transferrin receptor binding nanobody, NIH-mTfR-M1, was engineered to confer greater unbinding at pH 5.5 vs 7.4 by introducing multiple histidine mutations. The histidine mutant nanobodies were coupled to neurotensin for in vivo functional blood brain barrier transcytosis testing via central neurotensin-mediated hypothermia in wild-type mice. Multi-nanobody constructs including the mutant M1R56H, P96H, Y102H and two copies of the P2X7 receptor-binding 13A7 nanobody were produced to test proof-of-concept macromolecular cargo transport in vivo using quantitatively verified capillary depleted brain lysates and in situ histology.Results The most effective histidine mutant, M1R56H, P96H, Y102H -neurotensin, caused > 8°C hypothermia after 25 nmol/kg intravenous injection. Levels of the heterotrimeric construct M156,96,102His-13A7-13A7 in capillary depleted brain lysates peaked at 1 hour and were 60% retained at 8 hours. A control construct with no brain targets was only 15% retained at 8 hours. Addition of the albumin-binding Nb80 nanobody to make M1R56H, P96H, Y102H -13A7-13A7-Nb80 extended blood half-life from 21 minutes to 2.6 hours. At 30–60 minutes, biotinylated M1R56H, P96H, Y102H -13A7-13A7-Nb80 was visualized in capillaries using in situ histochemistry, whereas at 2–16 hours it was detected in diffuse hippocampal and cortical cellular structures. Levels of M1R56H, P96H, Y102H-13A7-13A7-Nb80 reached more than 3.5 percent injected dose/gram of brain tissue after 30 nmol/kg intravenous injection. However, higher injected concentrations did not result in higher brain levels, compatible with saturation and an apparent substrate inhibitory effect.Conclusion The pH-sensitive mouse transferrin receptor binding nanobody M1R56H, P96H, Y102H may be a useful tool for rapid and efficient modular transport of diagnostic and therapeutic macromolecular cargos across the blood brain barrier in mouse models. Additional development will be required to determine whether this nanobody-based shuttle system will be useful for imaging and fast-acting therapeutic applications.