bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaporation rate for covered and uncovered condition case study: UiTM Shah Alam
Authors: Daud Intan Zulaikha , Zaki Zaizatul Zafflina Mohd , Mohammad Irma Noorazurah , Baharudin Fauzi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh development, urbanization, and industrial activity in urban areas contribute to greenhouse gases emission that increases ambient temperatures. These phenomena influence the hydrological cycle as it speeds up the rate of evaporation in water storage. Sufficient water resource is essential as it helps to grow social and economic activities in a country. The study developed three aluminium evaporation pan models with 225 mm diameter and 80 mm width to measure the evaporation in UiTM Shah Alam. Each pan was covered using ping pong balls as a floating cover with a different percentage of coverage. The percentage of coverage used in the pan models is 0% uncovered, 46.08% covered, and 92.16% covered condition. The observation lasted 12 hours, from 8.00 am to 8.00 pm. The 0% uncovered condition had the highest evaporation with 6 mm, followed by the 46.08% covered and 92.16% covered conditions with 3 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Next, the influence of temperature on the evaporation rate in the three conditions was also analysed. The provided floating cover reduces the effect of temperature on the rate of evaporation in urban area.
A Study on household food waste management and composting practice
Authors: Amiruddin N N H N , Rozamri N A , Baharudin F , Mohamad I N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Food waste had been such an alarming issue, not only in Malaysia, but throughout the world. Composting is an environmentally friendly way to reduce food waste by using a less costly and less time of the system. Composting is considered the most common method used to compost by having organic materials and water only. This study aims to identify the level of awareness among respondents about food waste composting and to assess the effectiveness of composting method at home basis. An online survey and experimental work were conducted. The online survey was conducted among the population in Taman Seri Tanjung, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Quantitative analysis from the online survey showed that respondents had awareness of the advantages of composting. While, 29-day observation during food waste composting show pH and temperature were recorded as in the range of 29°C to 40°C and 5 to 7 respectively. The result from this study shows promising findings on the effectiveness of the composting method. The findings from this study will enhance the understanding and awareness of the public on the importance of composting at the household level.
Flood modelling at Bandar Batu Pahat, Johor using HEC-RAS software
Authors: Razi M A M , Adnan M S , Abustan M S H , Uma M H A , Anuar N D , Jamal M H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Flood catastrophe continuously hit Malaysia through monsoonal flood and flash flood as well posing threat towards people, infrastructure and environment. Batu Pahat is among the district in Johor affected by flood disaster for almost every year. This study conducted to determine the hydraulic and hydrological characteristic and the ability of drainage system in Parit Besar and Jalan Pontian-Batu Pahat catchment area at Batu Pahat using HEC-RAS software. Through HEC-RAS, floodplain map was also produced to access the overview of potential floodplain areas. Survey data, geometric data and flow data were computed in HEC-RAS to produce drainage flow and cross-sectional area along the catchment area. Four (4) flow rates of 0.05284, 0.05894, 0.06910 and 0.07113 (m3/s) were utilized to identify the drainage ability to accommodate additional water. Several stations in Parit Besar catchment cannot accommodate the runoff with the minimum flow rate of 0.05284 (m3/s). Meanwhile, Jalan Pontian-Batu Pahat catchment cannot accommodate flow rates of 0.06910 and 0.07113 (m3/s). This is due to the catchment area has low elevation and insufficient drainage system. From the results, floodplain areas were identified. Modification of drainage cross-section was proposed to reduce the floodplain areas. This study is vital for better understanding of flooding and help the authorities to produce better flood management plan.
Removal of copper and zinc in metal working fluid using coconut composite filter media
Authors: Aziz A F , Akbar N A , Ismail B N , Said M S , Yusoff M S , Adnan M I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metal working fluid industry is the major contributing sources of heavy metals. Their multiple industrial, domestic, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Filtration technology is widely used to remove contaminants such as heavy metals because it is a low-cost wastewater treatment device that uses physical methods that are simple and effective. In this study, coconut composite activated carbon (CCAC) filter media has been explored for its adsorption abilities towards copper and zinc solutions from metal working fluids. The characteristic of CCAC was investigated using XRF analyser, SEM and FTIR analysis. This study described the performance of fixed-bed column filtration by using CCAC as the filter media under the effect of various bed heights (10,30,50 cm) and initial concentration of copper and zinc (10 and 20 mg/L) to assess the breakthrough curve. The results show that the CCAC surface is not smooth and porous, with many channels. It is connected to hydrogen linked, O-H and contains the highest value composition in MgCO3 and CaCO3, which enhances metal precipitation removal of heavy metals. From the fixed-bed column study, the column with an initial copper and zinc concentration of 10mg/L and a bed height of 50 cm performed well in removing copper and zinc from synthetic copper and zinc solutions. The breakthrough and exhaustion times were less than 30 minutes and 3660 minutes for copper and zinc were less than 30 minutes and 3420 minutes respectively. The longer the lifespan of filter media, the better the filter media for heavy metal treatment. In conclusion, CCAC filter media was used as an alternative to the existing wastewater treatment process to remove copper and zinc from metal working fluids. It also can be applied in the current filtration system, especially for industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).
Readiness of Malaysia’s construction industry in adopting green building rating tools
Authors: Razman R , Khaw S T , Md Noh N I F , Ng J L , Abd Wahid A Z , Yasin M N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Awareness on environmental issue is increasing along with the development of technology. People started to expand their efforts in reducing the environmental impact and buildings started to be recognized as major contributors to the world’s environmental issues. Green Building (GB) Practices are being promoted widely in construction industry. In conjunction with it, different countries including Malaysia started to introduce their own Green Building Rating Tools (GBRT) to meet the development of sustainable construction. This paper intents to study the current practices of Green Building Rating Tools adopting in Malaysia by identifying the barriers and success factors of the development of rating tools, and to propose strategies in promoting rating tools in construction industry. Throughout this study, the experts from construction industry limited to Klang Valley areas in Malaysia were selected as target respondents. Questionnaires were sent out to the list of respondents manually, as well as via e-mail. Out of 100 sets, a total of 83 (83%) set of questionnaires were respond. IBM SPSS software was adopted to analyse the data collected from the quantitative method. Based on result, Green Building Index (GBI) is the most commonly known and widely adopted rating tool in Malaysia. The main factors hindering the development of other rating tools mainly due to the financial problem of most companies and the lack of understanding by public. Strategies like education, workshop, collaboration and enforcement of building rules by government should be implemented immediately if the widely adoption of rating tools in Malaysia’s construction industry is to be achieved.
Identification of fall event and classification of the factors causing fall from height accidents in the construction industry
Authors: Samad Noratira Abd , Hasmori Muhammad Fikri , Ismail Radzi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fall from height (FFH) accidents are common in the construction industry and cause many negative effects. This paper aims to identify the events of falls and causes of FFH accidents through a comprehensive literature review. The top three fall events that resulted in fatalities were falling from a ladder, falling from a scaffold, and falling through a roof surface. The causes of FFH accidents were classified into three categories: human factors, management factors, and environmental factors. The sub-factor for each factor is discovered and the most-cited causes of FFH accidents were identified. The most cited sub-factor for human factors is human behaviour, such as misjudgement, poor attitude, unsafe behaviour and carelessness, obliviousness, negligence, failure to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as age or work experience. It is found that insufficient monitoring or inspection, lack of training programs, non-compliance with safety regulations, and cost-saving are the most-cited sub-factors in management factors. For environmental factors, the most cited sub-factors that cause FFH accidents are poor site management, which includes housekeeping, work platform heights, overexertion, and unusual positioning and bad weather. This research will serve as a foundation for the FFH accident field of study in Malaysia.
Energy transitioning school buildings in Peninsula Malaysia: A case study on the potential of photovoltaic power
Authors: Alwi N M , Flor J-F , Anuar N H , Hanafi N N H , Muhammad N H , Zain M H K M , Nasir M R M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study builds on the ways design modifications can improve the integration of solar electric generation in Malaysian educational buildings. The study suggests the benefit of a solar installation at a standard school as both an educational and economic opportunity for a photovoltaic (PV) system can bring together classroom learning and energy supply. In analysing the existing design details of selected case study schools, this study aims to determine how the integration of this technology in the building design can be applied to the most basic education buildings in Malaysia. The existing design patterns of school classrooms with and without PV systems were logged and examined through a series of post-occupancy evaluation studies on selected schools. Basic energy requirements were summarized, and specific design modifications for the existing case study schools were proposed to adapt to the newer, modern classrooms. The results of this conceptual evaluation, coupled with energy simulations to model a reference case energy usage, provided the basis to predict PV outputs and future energy use for a modified classroom. Positive results from the solar analysis provided additional evidence about how alternative energy sources are beneficial in long term future-proofing schools.
Effect of Graphene Oxide on compressive strength of Shale Ceramsite high strength lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Hong Xiaojiang , Lee Jin Chai , Chu May Yen , Li Qiansha , Daze Xiaoli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The use of shale ceramsite to produce high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) in the construction industry is an effective method for sustainable development and environmental protection. The growing demand for HSLWC has stimulated the development of nanomaterials to further enhance mechanical properties. This study investigated the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the properties of HSLWC with shale ceramsite as a coarse and fine aggregate, including workability, density, compressive strength, and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) test. The control mixture was designed according to the standard of grade 40 high strength concrete, and four groups of mixtures were prepared by adding doses of GO at 0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% by weight of cement to the control mixture. The experimental results showed that HSLWC with the 28-day compressive in the range of 43-54 MPa and the oven dry density of 1705-1783 kg/m3 could be produced by using shale ceramsite and shale pottery sand as coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, respectively. Simultaneously, adding a low content of GO to HSLWC could slightly increase the density, rationally reduce the slump, and significantly enhance the compressive strength. The EDS results showed that the reason for the increase in compressive strength was that GO could accelerate the cement hydration process and regulate the crystal morphology of the cement.
Viscoelastic damper for vibration mitigation of footbridges
Authors: Alhasa Abbas Ali , Vafaei Mohammadreza , Ali Sophia C. , Jian Tang Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Footbridges are among long-span light-weight structures that because of their low damping ratio are susceptible to vibration. Excessive vibration in footbridges usually occurs when they are subjected to rhythmic dynamic loads caused by human activities like walking and running. In order to mitigate the human induced vibrations in footbridges, an increase in the damping ratio is often suggested as the most economical approach. Tuned mass dampers have been widely used for this purpose, however, their installation and maintenance costs are high. This has encouraged researchers to examine the efficiency of the other types of dampers. Viscoelastic dampers have been successfully employed for vibration mitigation of structures against wind and earthquake loads. However, their efficiency for reducing human induced vibration in footbridges has not been addressed. In this study, a real footbridge with a free span of 22.5 m and a width of 2.3 m was selected for numerical investigations. SAP2000 program was used to establish the finite element (FE) model of the footbridge. The established FE model was validated by comparing its natural frequencies with those measured on the field. FE model results indicated that the acceleration response of the footbridge exceeded the code specified limit. Therefore, a viscoelastic damper was designed and installed under the footbridge in order to reduce the acceleration response below the allowable level. Installation of the viscoelastic damper significantly decreased the vibrations. It was concluded that viscoelastic dampers were an economical and efficient solution for vibration problems in footbridges.
Emerging Tenera oil palm shell concrete: Mix design and cost analyses
Authors: Hama Mohammed Fadhil , Anwar Mohammed Parvez , Lau Teck Leong , Ng Daryl Chun Pinn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The utilization of oil palm shell (OPS) in concrete dates back since four decades ago. While most research has only been done on the Dura-OPS as coarse aggregate in concrete, few research has been done on Tenera-OPS. The Tenera-OPS is obtained by a hybrid crossbreeding between Dura and Pisifera type fruits to obtain a thinner shell in the palm oil fruit to produce 30% more palm oil. Tenera-OPS has different physical properties compared to Dura-OPS, which could alter the mechanical behaviour of concrete. Therefore, this paper has studied mix designs of Tenera-OPS concrete (Tenera-OPSC) to investigate its physical characteristics, and compressive strength and has compared to those of Dura-OPSC from literature. It has been found that compressive strength of 20.24 MPa could only be produced with very high cement content of 1050 kg/m3. This study has shown that the compressive strength of Tenera-OPSC is reduced by 55 – 72% by using the most common acceptable mix design used for Dura-OPSC. It has been found that Tenera-OPS in concrete swells and shrinks during the hardening process which causes de-bonding between the Tenera-OPS and the cement matrix, which is believed to be the main reason for the lower compressive strength. A cost analysis was also done to compare the costs between Tenera-OPSC and normal weight concrete (NWC) of similar grade. The cost of Tenera-OPSC has been found to be 2% lower than that of NWC.
The influence of fuel pricing on the mode of transportation of travellers in rural areas
Authors: Zakaria H , Rohani M M , Rahimi N F L , Rahimi N I R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A great number of studies have consistently reported that people’s monthly incomes and salaries have a great influence on their mobility pattern. Fuel price increases have affected the monthly expenditure of certain people, which lead to the reduction of their travel frequency or change in their modes of transport. Rural people are believed to have fewer options for their mode of transportation in comparison to urban people, thus most of them use their own vehicles to travel. Therefore, there is a major difference in the travel patterns between rural and urban people, especially when travel costs increase due to the rising of fuel prices. This study aimed to examine the changes in mobility patterns of rural people as a result of fuel price fluctuations. The subject of this study were the respondents from rural Malaysia who lived in the state of Johor. The methodology was based on statistical analysis which had employed descriptive analysis and t-test. This study argued that the rising of fuel price did not give any significant changes (significance level, 0.05) towards the respondents’ mobility pattern.
Empirical correlation of uniaxial compressive and shear strength of jointed granitic rock
Authors: Ibrahim A , Ismail M K A , Sapawi Z 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Shear Strength of jointed rock plays a significant role in the stability of rock mass structure especially if the developments plan to be constructed adjacent to this formation. However, to get the shear strength of the rock joints is quite costly and difficult to be identified directly at site. This research is conducted to establish the relationship between uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and shear strength of jointed granitic rock. UCS parameters are quite easily identified and common practise in any construction project such as deep foundation and tunnelling. The result of uniaxial compressive strength test and direct shear test were plotted using 5 samples of cylindrical shape and 5 jointed rock samples respectively. The linear regression analysis produces meaningful correlation with R2 value of 0.8595 and a new correlation to estimate shear strength of jointed rock has been established.
Temperature susceptibility of asphalt binder modified with palm oil mill sludge
Authors: Sharulnizam N A , Kamaruddin N H M , Poharan A , Yunus K N M , Jusli E , Abdullah M E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Modification of asphalt binder is continuously gaining interest as a result of the depletion of this non-renewable materials and their expensive price. There is a drive to use modifiers in asphalt including agricultural waste. In this study, palm oil mill sludge (POMS) was employed. The penetration grade of 60/70 as base binder incorporating with 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5% POMS were investigated for temperature susceptibility. These modified binders were tested for penetration, softening point, and viscosity. Subsequently, the penetration index (PI), penetration-viscosity number (PVN), activation energy (Ea) and viscosity-temperature susceptibility (VTS) were used to analyze the effect of POMS on the temperature susceptibility of asphalt binder. The results showed that the addition of POMS to the asphalt binder under unaged circumstances increased the penetration value from 66.56 dmm to 80.08 dmm and decreased the softening point from 49.25°C to 45.6°C for 4% POMS which indicates the softening effect of the asphalt binder. In contrast, following short-term ageing, the penetration value decreased as the softening point increased, showing that the modified asphalt binder stiffened after aging. According to the PI, PVN, Ea and VTS values of the modified POMS asphalt binder, the addition of POMS decreased its temperature susceptibility. Based on the ranking, 4% POMS was found as the best concentration of asphalt binder modifier. In conclusion, the use of appropriate amounts of POMS as an asphalt modifier is possible and provides a possible way to reuse POMS.
Rethinking conservation of Malaysia world heritage site livability: The case of Chew Jetty, Penang
Authors: Mazlan I D , Shi B S , Wai L C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The designation of George Town, Penang as one of the world heritage sites has brought numerous impacts on the region and local communities. The main issue of world heritage sites includes livability and strict heritage management which produced challenges for the residents to sustain. This paper aims to study livability and heritage inheritance and rethink the conservation planning of the heritage site. It is imperative to understand the direct impact of tourism and strict rules and regulations pressure from the world heritage site designation on the livability of the residents in the heritage site and start addressing this livability issue to regain the balance and equilibrium between the residential and tourism sector. The Chew Jetty has been selected as the case study area. The research of the site is done by thorough site analysis including multiple contexts, which are historical context, physical context, sociocultural context, issues threats and challenges, and government policies and development plans using material and resources available online as well as in-depth interviews with residents. The paper shows that the conservation planning set by the authority has driven away the livability of Chew Jetty and is losing the intangible aspects of Chew Jetty.
Eco living – An effective interior spatial planning as an intervention towards healthy living environment
Authors: Nasir Siti Nuratirah Che Mohd , Ismail W Omar Ali Saifudin Wan , Aziz Salmiah , Anuar Nor Hafizah , Alwi Najah Md , Razali Noorul Huda Mohd 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Healthy housing is a fundamental element for healthy community. It ensures the availability of safe, decent, and affordable housing that supports the health of its occupants. In addition, people spend more than 80% of their time inside the house. Unhealthy house can cause many diseases, health problems, injuries and many more. The aim of this research presented in this paper is to provide an information on the effective interior spatial planning where obviously it will impact people health and contribute to healthy living environment. The reasoning for this research originates from the perspective held by researcher that the place where we sleep, work, live have an impactful factor that will determine our daily basis health. To accomplish the target a blended method was utilized. The technique adopted incorporate questionnaire with homeowners including the case study of the chosen healthy home construction in Malaysia. Healthy home approach is not noticeably where some studies have conducted in Western countries in the field of medical healthcare. Thus, there is lack of deficient data in the field of built environment particularly in our developing countries. This research also seen as important in the wake of recent endemic COVID-19 that involved wellbeing inside house. Future investigation is necessary due to pervasive and recurring interior spatial planning deficiencies that can be drawn from this research for health fairness within the society and nation.