bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETERMINING EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTIVE FAMILY CAREGIVER COMMUNICATION: STRATEGIES LEADING TO BREAKDOWN AND REPAIR
Authors: Coleman Carissa , Hu Jinxiang , Williams Kristine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Communication is fundamental for dementia care and identifying evidence for strategies that facilitate or impede communication is needed. We analyzed 221 videos from a randomized controlled trial of a family caregiver telehealth intervention (FamTechCare) using Noldus second-by-second behavioral coding of communication behaviors and breakdowns in interactions between 53 caregiver-person with dementia dyads. Coded data from 3,642 30-second observations were first analyzed using penalized regression for feature selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LASSO) to identify strategies most important for predicting prevention and successful repair of communication breakdown. Bayesian mixed modeling was then used to identify communication strategies associated with successful versus unsuccessful prevention and repair of communication breakdown taking into account of the dyadic structure of our data. Results showed that given our data, communication breakdown was associated with caregivers changing topic (Mdn=11.23, 95% CrI [4.39, 24.43]), ignoring (Mdn=11.47, 95% CrI [4.75, 24.17]), making commands (Mdn=10.55, 95% CrI [3.41, 23.22]) and taking over the task (Mdn=4.04, 95% CrI [1.69, 7.23]). Successful repair of breakdown was associated with caregivers verbalizing understanding (Mdn=-0.47, 95% CrI [-0.88, -0.09]), tag questions, (Mdn=-2.44, 95% CrI [-5.35, -0.33), and silence (Mdn=-0.78, 95% Crl [-1.18, -0.40) while ignoring and changing topic were associated with unsuccessful repair (Mdn=3.63, 95% Crl [-2.56, 4.78; and 2.51 [1.39, 3.74]). These results provide evidence for development and testing of evidence-based communication strategy training for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Future analyses will identify effects of dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics on associations.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SMOKING CESSATION INTERVENTIONS WITH LDCT LUNG CANCER SCREENING AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN SMOKERS
Authors: Tseng Tung-Sung , Kao Yu Hsiang , Li Mirandy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can detect lung cancer early and decrease lung cancer-specific mortality for current smokers but remains under-utilized among these populations. Although African-American smokers tend to smoke less and have lower smoking pack-year histories, they have lower quit rates, higher rates of mortality from lung cancer than other racial/ethnic groups. This study examined the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention integrating LDCT screening among African-American smokers. This study recruited 60 African-American daily smokers over the age of 55 who qualified for LDCT screening. Participants were randomly and equally assigned into two groups (intervention and control). Overall, the mean age was 61.0 years old (standard deviation, 5.5), 61.7% of the participants were female and, 91.7% had lower incomes (&lt;$20,000). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics, smoking status, knowledge, attitudes, and stage of change for smoking cessation. The findings showed that participants in the intervention group had a lower number of daily cigarettes smoked (9.5 vs. 11.0) and a higher reduction in the number of daily cigarettes smoked (-2.3 vs. -0.9) than those in the control group. Participants in the intervention group were more likely to be in the preparation stage of the stages of change model (50.0% vs. 40.0%), progress in the stage of change (36.7% vs. 16.7%), or report already having had quit smoking (10.0% vs. 3.3%) than those in the control group. LDCT screening represents a potential "teachable moment" for African-American smokers, which may encourage them to consider these strategies for smoking cessation.
VIDEO CALLING REDUCES LONELINESS FOR HEARING IMPAIRED OLDER US ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Zhang Amanda , Wroblewski Kristen , McClintock Martha , Hawkley Louise , Pinto Jayant 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults with hearing impairment (HI) experience communication challenges that may result in increased loneliness exacerbated by social distancing during COVID-19. Video-calling may mitigate isolation-related loneliness. We addressed this hypothesis in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a longitudinal, nationally representative study of home-dwelling older US adults. Hearing ability was determined by interviewer-rating and loneliness/video-calling use by self-report. Fewer older adults (≥55 years) with HI (n=221) reported regular use of video-calling during the pandemic vs. those without HI (n=2337) (14% vs. 30%, p&lt;0.001). Older adults with HI reported greater loneliness during COVID-19 (p=0.031), with video calls mitigating this relationship through a dose-dependent effect in adjusted analyses (interaction p=0.001). Video-calling decreases HI-related loneliness, despite potential barriers those with sensory impairment face using this technology. Promoting greater adoption of video-calling could be a strategy to protect against HI-related loneliness in aging.
FINANCIAL FRAUD EXPERIENCES AT AGE 85+: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY WITH THE MIT AGELAB 85+ LIFESTYLE LEADERS PANEL
Authors: Patskanick Taylor , Ashebir Sophia , Miller Julie , D'Ambrosio Lisa , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Financial exploitation of older adults has emerged as one of the most common and costly forms of elder abuse. While prior research has examined the risk and protective factors that contribute to older adults’ experiences of being defrauded, less has specifically explored the prevalence of these factors among the 85+ age demographic. This not only includes hearing from the 85+ directly about the factors that have contributed to successful financial exploitation, but also the factors that contributed to their experiences of unsuccessful and ‘near miss’ exploitation. This paper shares findings from a mixed methods study with the MIT AgeLab 85+ Lifestyle Leaders, a U.S.-based panel of octogenarians and nonagenarians. Leveraging an online survey (n=32) and virtual focus groups (n=18) conducted in September 2021, findings distinguish among three categories of experiences with financial fraud – those had been, almost were, or have never been a victim of financial fraud within the past five years. In particular, ‘almost victims’ frequently scored in between ‘have been’ and ‘have never been’ victims with regard to several questionnaire variables. Six perceived risk factors for financial fraud victimization emerged from both data sources, including being older, cognitive decline, misplaced trust and a lack of knowledge, loneliness, technology use, and stereotypes of older adults. The majority of Lifestyle Leaders identified protective factors including, knowledge about protecting oneself from financial scams, a lifetime of experience and one’s social network. These findings will be discussed in further detail along with their implications for multidisciplinary professionals working with older adults.
IMPACT OF NON-NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING ON MEDICATION PROBLEMS AND ER VISITS AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Zhu Yujun , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults have higher risk of experiencing medication related problems (MRPs), leading to increased morbidity, healthcare utilization, and mortality. Few studies have examined the relationship between non-native English speaking (NNES) and MRPs and their association with health service use. This study aimed to explore language disparities in MRPs and their relationship to emergency room (ER) visits among community-dwelling older adults. We used secondary enrollment data from a community medication program for older adults (N=180). We conducted linear regression to examine the relationship between NNES and MRPs, and logistic regression to explore the association between MRPs and ER visits. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) with bootstrapping was used to test the indirect effect between NNES through MRPs to ER visits. The sample was diverse with 40% White, 30% Hispanic, 22% African American, and 8% of other races; 18% were non-native English speakers. Analysis showed NNES was associated with having 2.7 more MRPs than native English-speaking participants, while race was not significant, after controlling for covariates. Each additional MRP was associated with a 9% increased probability of having an ER visit. The GSEM results found a significant indirect effect between NNES through MRPs to ER visits (β, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.61). Although NNES was not directly related to ER visits, it may have inhibited the ability of Hispanics to read important medication instructions, contributing to their elevated risk of experiencing MRPs, thus indirectly increasing potential risks leading to ER visits. Further research is needed to better understand this relationship.
STAIR CLIMB TIME AND FUNCTIONAL POWER ASSOCIATIONS TO MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Strotmeyer Elsa , Lui Li-Yung , Glynn Nancy W , Santanasto Adam , Kritchevsky Stephen , Cawthon Peggy , Newman Anne , Cauley Jane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repeated stair climbing assesses sustained performance and neuromuscular components of movement, including functional muscle power (force*velocity). However, repeated stair climb associations to standard muscle and physical function measures are not established in older adults. We hypothesized that stair climb time (sec), and ascend power (peak and average; Watts=W) over 3 stair climb laps were associated with standard muscle function, physical function and risk factors in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA; preliminary baseline N=455; 76.9+/-5.3 years; 58.0% women; 85.7% White). Adjusting for age, sex, race, and BMI using multivariate linear regression, stair climb time, peak power and average power were significantly associated with all standard muscle (Keiser leg press 1-RM strength and power; grip strength) and physical function (400m walk speed, SPPB and components) measures. Women had worse stair climb performance vs. men (all p&lt; 0.01) including: longer total time (29.6+/-8.1 vs. 27.4+/-6.7 sec), lower peak power (121.9+/-34.5 vs. 161.4+/-39.0 W), and lower average power (94.9+/-24.3 vs. 124.1+/-28.4 W). Adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, CHAMPS total physical activity/week, CES-D depressive symptoms, and comorbidity count using multivariate linear regression, older age was related to slower stair climb time and lower peak/average power. Other known risk factors were also associated with worse stair climb performance: non-White race (average power only), lower physical activity (peak/average power only), BMI, depressive symptoms, and higher comorbidity (time only). Repeated stair climb time and power may capture unique aspects of functional decline with aging and are associated with standard muscle and physical function measures.
REBUILDING THE NURSING HOME WORKFORCE: A TIME FOR CHANGE
Authors: Holaday Louisa , Travers Jasmine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic magnified several long-standing problems in nursing homes, including issues within the nursing home workforce. Issues include staffing shortages, high turnover, low pay, inadequate training, poor treatment and limited access to resources. Research suggests that workforce issues of these kinds have the potential to significantly threaten and further increase disparities in the quality of care for nursing home residents. Thus, solutions are needed that ensures the nursing home workforce receives adequate investment so that these critical personnel are able to more effectively do the work that they do. In this presentation, workforce issues salient within the nursing home setting will be elaborated and potential solutions to mitigating these issues will be discussed.
ELDER ABUSE IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS IN THE US: AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES AND THOSE LIVING IN THE RURAL SOUTH
Authors: Teaster Pamela B Teaster 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The number of older adults who experience abuse, neglect, and exploitation as well as the complexities of the cases continue to increase, despite advances in prevention and intervention of the problem. At once a multifaceted problem that involves intertwining individual, relational, community, and societal contexts, issues related to elder abuse become even more complicated among special populations, which require a nuanced understanding and approach to prevention, detection, and intervention. This presentation is a compilation of the findings from studies of the mistreatment of older American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) and adults living in the rural south, all populations that are understudied. Both research and practical policy and practice solutions that have the potential to resolve disparities in these populations will be discussed.
PERSONALITY PROFILES OF CENTENARIANS AND NEAR-CENTENARIANS IN THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Ryou Yeon Ji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Centenarians are typically considered exceptional survivors who maintain their general health. The current study aims to track the change of personality over time and examine the differences between centenarians (defined as 98+ years; n = 516) and a group of non-survivors (died before 98; n = 6,771) using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Findings demonstrated that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness decreased in 2012 and climbed again in 2014. Conversely, however, neuroticism increased in 2012 and then decreased in 2014. Interestingly, a pattern similar to that of 2012 appeared in 2020. Significant differences between centenarians and non-survivals were found in 2006 and 2010. Centenarians were more extraverted, agreeable, conscientious, and open-minded than non-survivors in 2006. Similarly, centenarians were more extraverted, agreeable, and open-minded than their counterpart in 2010. These findings provide a cornerstone for future research investigating the change of personality and its role in longevity among centenarians.
RECRUITMENT FOR A MULTISITE PRAGMATIC TRIAL OF DEMENTIA CARE STRATEGIES: BARRIERS AND SUCCESS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Reuben David , Maslow Katie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With 2176 participants recruited, D-CARE is the largest pragmatic clinical trial of dementia care strategies, to date. At four clinical trial sites (CTS), D-CARE will compare the effectiveness of three dementia care strategies over 18 months: 1) by nurse practitioners or physician assistants within a health care system, 2) by social workers or nurses at community-based service organizations (CBO), or 3) usual care. Primary outcomes include person with dementia (PWD) behavioral symptoms and caregiver strain. Other outcomes include the PWD quality of life and ability to reach personal goals, and caregiver self-efficacy, distress, and depressive symptoms. Recruitment began in June 2019 with a basic protocol in which participating providers reviewed lists generated from the electronic health records (EHR) of patients who had a diagnosis of dementia, allowing the removal of patients who should not be contacted and giving an opportunity to provide information about the family caregiver. Some practices gave “blanket” referral allowing research staff to recruit participants directly. Other practices provided direct referrals via EHR communications to the research team. Self-referrals triggered by public postings in clinics and CBOs, social media, and media coverage were also accepted if a dementia diagnosis was confirmed in the EHR. By March 16, 2020, all in-person recruitment visits were suspended due to COVID-19. In response, informed consent was switched to telephone with verbal consent as permitted by State and Institutional regulations. This symposium describes the creative approaches employed by CTS’ to respond to these challenges and reach the recruitment goal in January 2022.
ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD SCREENING FOR PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IN D-CARE
Authors: Yang Mia , Lenoir Kristin , McCurry Darcy , Currie Katherine , Pajewski Nicholas , Williamson Jeff 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pragmatically identifying persons living with dementia (PLWD) for research is a persistent challenge, reflecting limitations in data elements. As part of the D-CARE study, the recruitment coordinator and analyst collaborated to create a screening algorithm to identify potentially eligible patients. A combination SAS/R script was applied on a monthly basis (Oct 2020-Dec 2021) to a clinical data warehouse, identifying living patients 50 years or older with ICD-10 codes for dementia or related conditions within the past two years, and an encounter within the past year. This process identified 6,478 unique patients, leading to the recruitment of 837 PLWD into the study (22% Black or Hispanic). Algorithmic components that enhanced recruitment efforts included the incorporation of data elements necessary to contact and enroll patients, formatting data consistent with reporting requirements, and tracking information on primary care provider, diagnosis dates with the set of providers that agreed to recruit for the trial.
MOBILE INTERVENTION FOR FAMILY DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: FROM FOCUS GROUPS TO SMARTPHONE PLATFORM
Authors: Jain Felipe , Madarasmi Saira , Ursal D J , Gutierrez-Ramirez Paulina , Sikder Abu , Banerjee Sreya , Gomez Liliana Ramirez 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is growing recognition that in-person delivery of caregiver interventions limits scalability due to distance from locations where interventions are available, and costs associated with locating substitute care for the person living with dementia. Internet-based interventions are often not optimized for smartphones, which are more accessible than desktops to minoritized populations and those of lower socioeconomic status. In this study, focus groups were conducted with 17 English language and 12 Spanish language family dementia caregivers regarding needs for smartphone-based technological intervention. We employed an inductive and deductive driven mixed method analytic approach. Identified needs included psychoeducation regarding dementia, provision of caregiver skills information, activities for the person living with dementia, and relaxation techniques. Similarities and differences among preferences between the two populations were identified. Family dementia caregivers endorsed several needs for mobile intervention. The development of a new mobile application platform to meet these needs will be described.
FAIR SHARING OF THE BLSA DATA ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Griswold Michael , Henegan James , Blackshear Chad , Moore Ann , Smith Thomas , McGowan Deric , Simonsick Eleanor , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The BLSA is an invaluable resource for the study of human aging with uniquely rich measures taken longitudinally on a continuous replenishment cohort since 1958. Tremendous interest has been expressed by the United States and international research communities in expanded access to and use of BLSA data to address emerging scientific questions. Here, we will describe recent study leadership initiatives into: (1) making the BLSA data more FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable), (2) growing a BLSA data ecosystem that enables scalable sharing, and (3) leveraging and developing platforms for accessing the ecosystem. Lastly, we will demonstrate current platform functions that empower researchers to find and access BLSA data, metadata, protocols, code and supporting materials to make new discoveries.
DEVELOPING A FITNESS AGE-NORMALIZED PERCENTILE-BASED APPROACH TO DEFINE EXCEPTIONAL AGING
Authors: Simonsick Eleanor , Moore Ann , Tanaka Toshiko , Tian Qu , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An operational definition of ‘well-aged’ is integral to research identifying biological, psychological and behavioral parameters that predict and/or support healthy aging but remarkably few measures exist. A major challenge is incorporating age-related physiologic decline – a normal feature of healthy aging. We defined well-aged using fast 400m walk performance, a measure of cardiovascular fitness and hallmark of healthy aging. We determined the sex-specific, age-normalized 75th percentile using 4000+ observations collected over 15 years from BLSA participants aged 50-96y (51% women). In 1257 BLSA participants mean age 68.9y (52% women) we compared well-aged to average-aged (25th-75th percentile) adjusting for age, sex and race, and found more favorable WBC, triglycerides, CRP, depressive symptoms, waist/height ratio, eGFR and FEV1 z-score distinguished concurrent well-aged status (all p&lt;.003). Waist/height ratio and pulse-wave velocity (both p&lt;.001) predicted retained well-aged status 2-plus years later. Future work aims to identify physiologic and behavioral facilitators of healthy aging.
DEVELOPMENTAL ADVANCES OF THE PARIHS FRAMEWORK OVER THE LAST DECADE: A CRITICAL INTERPRETIVE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Berta Whitney , Duan Yinfei , Iaconi Alba , Wang Jing , Perez Janelle , Song Yuting , Chamberlain Stephanie , Estabrooks Carole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The original Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) and i-PARiHS frameworks contend that the successful implementation of evidence-based practices is a function of the core elements evidence, context, facilitation, and the capacity of intended recipients to apply research to practice. While applied widely, a number of theoretical and practical challenges associated with the framework’s application have been identified. Our critical interpretive synthesis examines how the last decade of research has advanced understanding of the conceptualizations of, relationships between, and dynamics amongst, PARiHS core elements. We find that work over the past decade affords more nuanced conceptualizations of context and facilitation; reveals myriad conceptualizations of implementation success, suggesting the need for a typology; demonstrates contradictory effects of context on facilitation that warrants more study; leads us to question the contextual primacy of leadership; and generally under-examines the interactions and dynamics amongst PARiHS core elements and their sub-elements.
UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP IN NURSING HOME CONTEXT THROUGH ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK FOR CHRONIC ILLNESS
Authors: Wang Jing , Perez Janelle , Beeber Anna , Anderson Ruth , Berta Whitney , Lanham Holly , Estabrooks Carole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The case studies were conducted as an early component of a pan-Canada project entitled Translating Research in Elder Care (TREC). This sub-project provided insights into the challenges and leadership of facilitating care model changes, care quality improvement, and quality of work enhancement of three long-term care (LTC) facilities in Canada. Through the lens of Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness (ALFCI), leadership emerged as a critical element of their organizational context. Staff reported that contextual factors of high intensity of work and inadequate staff were barriers that added to the complexity of challenges facing them. Data collectors observed that frontline staff exhibited leadership behaviors in knowledge transmission, information sharing, teamwork, and person-centered strategies to address challenges. However, top-down facilitation can lead to misunderstanding and a lack of motivation from the frontline staff to follow the facilitation. The findings also suggested tailored facilitation about including frontline staff in formal interactions.