bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ViGather: Inclusive Virtual Conferencing with a Joint Experience Across Traditional Screen Devices and Mixed Reality Headsets
Authors: Qiu Huajian , Streli Paul , Luong Tiffany , Gebhardt Christoph , Holz Christian 
Published: September 2023

Teleconferencing is poised to become one of the most frequent use cases of immersive platforms, since it supports high levels of presence and embodiment in collaborative settings. On desktop and mobile platforms, teleconferencing solutions are already among the most popular apps and accumulate significant usage time---not least due to the pandemic or as a desirable substitute for air travel or commuting.
In this paper, we present ViGather, an immersive teleconferencing system that integrates users of all platform types into a joint experience via equal representation and a first-person experience. ViGather renders all participants as embodied avatars in one shared scene to establish co-presence and elicit natural behavior during collocated conversations, including nonverbal communication cues such as eye contact between participants as well as body language such as turning one's body to another person or using hand gestures to emphasize parts of a conversation during the virtual hangout. Since each user embodies an avatar and experiences situated meetings from an egocentric perspective no matter the device they join from, ViGather alleviates potential concerns about self-perception and appearance while mitigating potential 'Zoom fatigue', as users' self-views are not shown. For participants in Mixed Reality, our system leverages the rich sensing and reconstruction capabilities of today's headsets. For users of tablets, laptops, or PCs, ViGather reconstructs the user's pose from the device's front-facing camera, estimates eye contact with other participants, and relates these non-verbal cues to immediate avatar animations in the shared scene.
Our evaluation compared participants' behavior and impressions while videoconferencing in groups of four inside ViGather with those in Meta Horizon as a baseline for a social VR setting. Participants who participated on traditional screen devices (e.g., laptops and desktops) using ViGather reported a significantly higher sense of physical, spatial, and self-presence than when using Horizon, while all perceived similar levels of active social presence when using Virtual Reality headsets. Our follow-up study confirmed the importance of representing users on traditional screen devices as reconstructed avatars for perceiving self-presence.
Exploiting Partially Context-sensitive Profiles to Improve Performance of Hot Code
Authors: Vukasovic Maja , Prokopec Aleksandar 
Published: September 2023

Availability of profiling information is a major advantage of just-in-time (JIT) compilation. Profiles guide the compilation order and optimizations, thus substantially improving program performance. Ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation can also utilize profiles, obtained during separate profiling runs of the programs. Profiles can be context-sensitive, i.e., each profile entry is associated with a call-stack. To ease profile collection and reduce overheads, many systems collect partially context-sensitive profiles, which record only a call-stack suffix. Despite prior related work, partially context-sensitive profiles have the potential to further improve compiler optimizations.
In this article, we describe a novel technique that exploits partially context-sensitive profiles to determine which portions of code are hot and compile them with additional compilation budget. This technique is applicable to most AOT compilers that can access partially context-sensitive profiles, and its goal is to improve program performance without significantly increasing code size. The technique relies on a new hot-code-detection algorithm to reconstruct hot regions based on the partial profiles. The compilation ordering and the inlining of the compiler are modified to exploit the information about the hot code. We formally describe the proposed algorithm and its heuristics and then describe our implementation inside GraalVM Native Image, a state-of-the-art AOT compiler for Java. Evaluation of the proposed technique on 16 benchmarks from DaCapo, Scalabench, and Renaissance suites shows a performance improvement between 22% and 40% on 4 benchmarks, and between 2.5% and 10% on 5 benchmarks. Code-size increase ranges from 0.8%–9%, where 10 benchmarks exhibit an increase of less than 2.5%.
CK1δ and CK1ε Signaling Sustains Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cell Survival in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Burger Karen L. , Fernandez Mario R. , Meads Mark B. , Sudalagunta Praneeth , Oliveira Paula S. , Renatino Canevarolo Rafael , Alugubelli Raghunandan Reddy , Tungsevik Alexandre , De Avila Gabe , Silva Maria , Graeter Allison I. , Dai Hongyue A. , Vincelette Nicole D. , Prabhu Antony , Magaletti Dario , Yang Chunying , Li Weimin , Kulkarni Amit , Hampton Oliver , Koomen John M. , Roush William R. , Monastyrskyi Andrii , Berglund Anders E. , Silva Ariosto S. , Cleveland John L. , Shain Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy due to acquisition of intrinsic programs that drive therapy resistance. Here we report that casein kinase-1δ (CK1δ) and CK1ε are therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma that are necessary to sustain mitochondrial metabolism. Specifically, the dual CK1δ/CK1ε inhibitor SR-3029 had potent in vivo and ex vivo anti–multiple myeloma activity, including against primary multiple myeloma patient specimens. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolic analyses revealed inhibiting CK1δ/CK1ε disables multiple myeloma metabolism by suppressing genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), reducing citric acid cycle intermediates, and suppressing complexes I and IV of the electron transport chain. Finally, sensitivity of multiple myeloma patient specimens to SR-3029 correlated with elevated expression of mitochondrial genes, and RNA-seq from 687 multiple myeloma patient samples revealed that increased CSNK1D, CSNK1E, and OxPhos genes correlate with disease progression and inferior outcomes. Thus, increases in mitochondrial metabolism are a hallmark of multiple myeloma progression that can be disabled by targeting CK1δ/CK1ε.

Significance:
CK1δ and CK1ε are attractive therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma whose expression increases with disease progression and connote poor outcomes, and that are necessary to sustain expression of genes directing OxPhos.
Global Cardio Oncology Registry (G-COR): Registry Design, Primary Objectives, and Future Perspectives of a Multicenter Global Initiative
Authors: Teske Arco J. , Moudgil Rohit , López-Fernández Teresa , Barac Ana , Brown Sherry Ann , Deswal Anita , Neilan Tomas G. , Ganatra Sarju , Abdel Qadir Husam , Menon Venu , Sverdlov Aaron L. , Cheng Richard K. , Makhoul Silvia , Ghosh Arjun K. , Szmit Sebastian , Zaha Vlad , Addison Daniel , Zhang Lili , Herrmann Joerg , Chong Jun H. , Agarwala Vivek , Iakobishvili Zaza , Guerrero Patricia , Yang Eric H. , Leja Monika , Akhter Nausheen , Guha Avirup , Okwuosa Tochukwu M. , Silva Carolina Carvalho , Collier Patrick , DeCara Jeanne , Bauer Brenton , Lenneman Carrie E. , Sadler Diego 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Global collaboration in cardio-oncology is needed to understand the prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in different risk groups, practice settings, and geographic locations. There are limited data on the socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities that may impact access to care and outcomes. To address these gaps, we established the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry, a multinational, multicenter prospective registry.

METHODS:
We assembled cardiologists and oncologists from academic and community settings to collaborate in the first Global Cardio-Oncology Registry. Subsequently, a survey for site resources, demographics, and intention to participate was conducted. We designed an online data platform to facilitate this global initiative.

RESULTS:
A total of 119 sites responded to an online questionnaire on their practices and main goals of the registry: 49 US sites from 23 states and 70 international sites from 5 continents indicated a willingness to participate in the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry. Sites were more commonly led by cardiologists (85/119; 72%) and were more often university/teaching (81/119; 68%) than community based (38/119; 32%). The average number of cardio-oncology patients treated per month was 80 per site. The top 3 Global Cardio-Oncology Registry priorities in cardio-oncology care were breast cancer, hematologic malignancies, and patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Executive and scientific committees and specific committees were established. A pilot phase for breast cancer using Research Electronic Data Capture Cloud platform recently started patient enrollment.

CONCLUSIONS:
We present the structure for a global collaboration. Information derived from the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry will help understand the risk factors impacting cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in different geographic locations and therefore contribute to reduce access gaps in cardio-oncology care. Risk calculators will be prospectively derived and validated.
Association of Socioeconomic Status With Life's Essential 8 Varies by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Williams Amaris , Nolan Timiya S. , Brock Guy , Garner Jennifer , Brewer LaPrincess C. , Sanchez Eduardo J. , Joseph Joshua J. 
Published: September 2023

Background
The American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) are 8 risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with poor attainment across all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. Attainment is lowest among Americans of low socioeconomic status (SES). Evidence suggests the association of SES with LE8 may vary by race and ethnicity.

Methods and Results

The association of 4 SES categories (education, income‐to‐poverty line ratio, employment, insurance) with LE8 was computed in age‐adjusted linear regression models, with an interaction term for race and ethnicity, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, years 2011 to 2018. The sample (n=13 529) had a median age of 48 years (51% female) with weighting to be representative of the US population. The magnitude of positive association of college education (relative to ≤high school) with LE8 was greater among non‐Hispanic White Americans (NHWA) compared with non‐Hispanic Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and non‐Hispanic Asian Americans (all interactions
P
<0.001). NHWA had a greater magnitude of positive association of income‐to‐poverty line ratio with LE8, compared with non‐Hispanic Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and non‐Hispanic Asian Americans (all interactions
P
<0.001). NHWA with Medicaid compared with private insurance had a greater magnitude of negative association with LE8 compared with non‐Hispanic Black Americans, non‐Hispanic Asian Americans, or Hispanic Americans (all interactions
P
<0.01). NHWA unemployed due to disability or health condition (compared with employed) had a greater magnitude of negative association with LE8 than non‐Hispanic Black Americans, non‐Hispanic Asian Americans, or Hispanic Americans (all interactions
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
The magnitude of association of SES with LE8 is greatest among NHWA. More research is needed on SES's role in LE8 attainment in minority group populations.
Association Between Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in New Zealanders With Impaired Glucose Tolerance Over 25 Years
Authors: Yu Dahai , Qu Bingjie , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi , Pickering Karen , Baker John , Cutfield Richard , Cai Yamei , Orr‐Walker Brandon J. , Sundborn Gerhard , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David 
Published: September 2023

Background
The association between the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incident onset of T2D and 5‐ and 10‐year (after the landmark period) risks of AF in people with IGT identified in South and West Auckland primary care settings between 1994 and 2019.

Methods and Results
We compared AF risk in patients with IGT with and without newly diagnosed T2D within a 1‐ to 5‐year exposure window. Tapered matching and landmark analysis (to address immortal bias) were used to control for confounding variables. The cohorts incorporated 785 patients who had T2D newly diagnosed within 5 years from enrollment (landmark date) and 15 079 patients without a T2D diagnosis. Patients progressing to T2D exhibited significantly higher 5‐year (after the landmark period) AF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10–1.63]) and 10‐year (after the landmark period) AF risk (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02–1.62]) compared with those without incident T2D. The association was more pronounced among men, older patients, socioeconomically deprived individuals, current smokers, those with higher metabolic measures, and lower renal function. New Zealand European ethnicity was associated with a lower 5‐ and 10‐year risk of AF.

Conclusions
This study found a mediating effect of T2D on the risk of AF in a population with IGT in New Zealand. The development of risk scores and future replication studies can help identify and guide management of individuals with IGT at the highest risk of AF following incident T2D.
Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Echocardiographic Estimation of Left Atrial Hypertension in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mukai Yasuhiro , Nakanishi Koki , Daimon Masao , Iwama Kentaro , Yoshida Yuriko , Hirose Kazutoshi , Yamamoto Yuko , Seki Hikari , Nakao Tomoko , Oshima Tsukasa , Matsubara Takumi , Shimizu Yu , Oguri Gaku , Kojima Toshiya , Hasumi Eriko , Fujiu Katsuhito , Morita Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei 
Published: September 2023

Background
Elevated left atrial (LA) pressure predisposes individuals to the initiation and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF), and LA hypertension is associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation (CA). However, the exact frequency and factors associated with LA hypertension are unknown, and its noninvasive estimation is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of LA hypertension in patients with AF who underwent first CA.

Methods and Results

We examined 183 patients with AF who underwent conventional and speckle‐tracking echocardiography before CA to assess LA size, reservoir strain, and stiffness. Direct LA pressure was measured at the time of CA, and LA hypertension was defined as mean LA pressure >15 mm Hg. Thirty‐three (18.0%) patients exhibited LA hypertension. Patients with LA hypertension had a significantly larger LA volume index (40.2 [28.4–52.1] versus 34.1 [26.9–42.4] mL/m
2
,
P
=0.025), reduced LA reservoir strain (15.1 [10.4–21.7] versus 22.7 [14.4–32.3] %,
P
=0.002) and increased LA stiffness (0.69 [0.34–0.99] versus 0.36 [0.24–0.54],
P
<0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that waist circumference, C‐reactive protein level, LA reservoir strain, and LA stiffness were independently associated with LA hypertension (all
P
<0.05), while LA volume and E/e’ ratio were not. Among echocardiographic parameters, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified LA stiffness as the best predictor of LA hypertension.

Conclusions
Approximately 20% of patients with AF who underwent CA had LA hypertension. Central obesity and inflammation might be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of LA hypertension, and echocardiography‐derived LA stiffness may have clinical utility for the detection of LA hypertension before CA.
Lipoprotein(a) Testing Trends in a Large Academic Health System in the United States
Authors: Bhatia Harpreet S. , Hurst Samantha , Desai Paresh , Zhu Wenhong , Yeang Calvin 
Published: September 2023

Background
Despite its high prevalence and clinical significance, clinical measurement of lipoprotein(a) is rare but has not been systematically quantified. We assessed the prevalence of lipoprotein(a) testing overall, in those with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions and in those undergoing cardiac testing across 6 academic medical centers associated with the University of California, in total and by year from 2012 to 2021.

Methods and Results

In this observational study, data from the University of California Health Data Warehouse on the number of individuals with unique lipoprotein(a) testing, unique CVD diagnoses (using
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
[
ICD‐10
], codes), and other unique cardiac testing were collected. The proportion of total individuals, the proportion of individuals with a given CVD diagnosis, and the proportion of individuals with a given cardiac test and lipoprotein(a) testing any time during the study period were calculated. From 2012 to 2021, there were 5 553 654 unique adults evaluated in the University of California health system, of whom 18 972 (0.3%) had lipoprotein(a) testing. In general, those with lipoprotein(a) testing were more likely to be older, men, and White race, with a greater burden of CVD. Lipoprotein(a) testing was performed in 6469 individuals with ischemic heart disease (2.9%), 836 with aortic stenosis (3.1%), 4623 with family history of CVD (3.3%), 1202 with stroke (1.7%), and 612 with coronary artery calcification (6.1%). For most conditions, the prevalence of testing in the same year as the diagnosis of CVD was relatively stable, with a small upward trend over time. Lipoprotein(a) testing was performed in 10 753 individuals (1.8%) who had lipid panels, with higher rates with more specialized testing, including coronary computed tomography angiography (6.8%) and apolipoprotein B (63.0%).

Conclusions
Lipoprotein(a) testing persists at low rates, even among those with diagnosed CVD, and remained relatively stable over the study period.
The Composite Response of Traveling Planetary Waves in the Middle Atmosphere Surrounding Sudden Stratospheric Warmings through an Overreflection Perspective
Authors: Rhodes C. Todd , Limpasuvan Varavut , Orsolini Yvan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Traveling planetary waves surrounding sudden stratospheric warming events can result from direct propagation from below or in situ generation. They can have significant impacts on the circulation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Our study runs a series of ensembles initialized from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 4, nudged up to 50 km by 6-hourly Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application, version 2, reanalysis to compile a library of sudden stratospheric warming events. To our knowledge, we present the first composite or ensemble study that attempts to link direct propagation and in situ generation by evaluating the wave geometries associated with the overreflection perspective, a framework used to describe how planetary waves interact with critical and turning levels. The present study looks at the evolution of these interactions through the onset of sudden stratospheric warmings with an elevated stratopause (ES-SSWs). Robust and unique features of ES-SSWs are determined by employing an ensemble study that compares ES-SSWs with normal winters. Our study evaluates the production and impacts of westward-propagating, quasi-stationary, and eastward-propagating planetary waves surrounding ES-SSWs. Our results show that eastward-propagating planetary waves are generated within the westward stratospheric wind layer after ES-SSW onset which aids in restoring the eastward stratospheric wind. The interaction of quasi-stationary and westward-propagating waves with the westward stratospheric wind is explored from an overreflection perspective and reaffirms that westward-propagating planetary waves are produced from instabilities at the top of the westward stratospheric wind reversal.
Quantifying the Spatial Unevenness of Precipitation in Central and Eastern China
Authors: Li Jian , Yu Rucong , Yue Xiaoyuan , Zhang Mingming , Li Nina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spatial unevenness, especially local unevenness, is a key characteristic of precipitation and has the potential to be a metric to gauge the performance of high-resolution models. In this paper, a local unevenness index (LUI) is proposed to quantify the heterogeneity of precipitation in central and eastern China. The local unevenness of precipitation is dominantly influenced by local topography, and high LUIs spatially correspond to high local terrain relief. Along 30°N, the correlation coefficient between the LUI and local relief reaches 0.893. Stations with large enhancement and steep gradients in precipitation are identified as local maximum (LM) stations. According to the distinct impacts of various scales of terrain, all 59 LM stations are categorized into three groups: the high-elevation group, the edge group, and the eastern isolated-mountain group. The three groups present different distributions of precipitation with altitude: a double-peak pattern in the high-elevation group, a low-altitude peak in the edge group, and a high-altitude peak in the eastern isolated-mountain group. The seasonal variations in all groups are characterized by relatively more precipitation occurring at higher (lower) elevations in the warm (cold) season. The high-elevation group shows a general increasing (decreasing) frequency tendency with altitude in the warm (cold) season. The low-altitude (high-altitude) frequency peak in the edge (eastern isolated-mountain) group is more prominent in the cold (warm) season. The LUI and LM can be used as straightforward and quantified metrics to measure the performance of high-resolution models in reproducing the local-scale features of precipitation and their seasonal variations.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to promote the knowledge of precipitation unevenness on a local scale. This is important to hydrological processes and water resource management. Our results provide LUI and LM to quantify the spatial unevenness of precipitation on a local scale and further analyze the climatic characteristics and the seasonal variations of precipitation unevenness over central and eastern China. These metrics can be used as quantitative criteria to evaluate the performance of high-resolution models.