bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmenting the flexural strength of polymer composites for stronger and more durable prosthetic sockets
Authors: Tyagi Bobby , Sahai Ankit , Sharma Rahul Swarup 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a novel approach to enhance the flexural strength of polymer composites used in the fabrication of prosthetic sockets. The effects of control factors such as nozzle hole diameter and internal filling pattern on the flexural behavior of three distinct composite materials were examined: poly lactic acid reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA‐CF), polyethylene terephthalate glycol reinforced with carbon fiber (PETG‐CF), and PLA reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PLA‐MWCNTs), fabricated through fused filament fabrication. During study, samples of each composite material were created using 3D printing technology and underwent flexural testing. Fractography was then performed on the samples, and statistical analysis techniques, including Taguchi's method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to analyze the results. The study found that the flexural behavior of the prosthetic socket materials varied significantly based on the control factors used. Specifically, a nozzle hole diameter of 0.6 mm and a rectilinear internal filling pattern with PLA‐MWCNTs composite material had the highest flexural strength among the three materials tested. Through this study, the authors demonstrated the potential to improve the design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets, which can lead to better functionality and comfort for the user. The low‐cost transtibial prosthetic socket developed in this study using the optimized composite material and 3D printing technology shows promise as an application in the field of prosthetics. This research can pave the way for the development of even stronger and more durable prosthetic sockets in the future.
Development and preliminary validation of the parent version of the Social Emotional Health Survey‐Secondary
Authors: Branscum Ann M. , Park Anna E. , Bihm Elson M. , Murphy John J. , Furlong Michael J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Social and Emotional Health Survey‐Secondary (SEHS‐S) is a widely used self‐report measure of adolescents' strengths and positive mental health. However, the SEHS‐S does not have a proxy (i.e., parent) informant version. A parent form of the SEHS‐S could allow school psychologists to gather additional information about students' strengths for intervention and assessment purposes. The development of this measure included three phases. First, we generated items and refined them in a preliminary study. Next, a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (N = 613) identified the highest‐loading items for scale construction. Finally, a validation study (N = 319) asked parents and their children to complete respective versions of the survey. The final 36‐item parent measure had strong loadings and adequate model fit matching the factor structure of the self‐report version. The SEHS‐S‐Parent also demonstrated good reliability and correlations with the self‐report version, including predicting child well‐being as measured by life satisfaction and emotional functioning. The finding that the child and parent self‐report measures were highly correlated suggests that parents might provide helpful information about adolescents' strengths, especially when a self‐report is unavailable. Limitations regarding the scale's interpretability and implications of a multi‐informant approach are considered.
Cryoextraction via flexible bronchoscopy in children with tracheobronchial obstruction
Authors: Truitt Brittany A. , Kasi Ajay S. , Kamat Pradip P. , Fundora Michael P. , Simon Dawn M. , Guglani Lokesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryoextraction via flexible bronchoscopy (FB) can be used to alleviate airway obstruction due to blood clots, casts, mucus, and foreign bodies. There is limited literature regarding the utility of cryoextraction to restore airway patency in critically ill children, especially on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aims of this study were to describe the clinical course and outcomes of children who underwent cryoextraction via FB.MethodsA singlecenter retrospective review of children who underwent cryoextraction via FB between 2017 and 2021 was conducted. The analyzed data included diagnoses, indications for cryoextraction, respiratory support modalities, FB and chest imaging results, and outcomes.ResultsEleven patients aged 3–17 years underwent a total of 33 cryoextraction sessions via FB. Patients required ECMO (n = 9) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) for pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, asthma exacerbation, and cardiorespiratory failure following cardiac surgery. One patient underwent elective FB and cryoextraction for plastic bronchitis. Indications for cryoextraction included airway obstruction due to tracheobronchial thrombi (n = 8), mucus plugs (n = 1), or plastic bronchitis (n = 2). Cryoextraction via FB was performed on patients on ECMO (n = 9) and CMV (n = 2) with 6 patients requiring ≥3 cryoextraction sessions for airway obstruction. There were no complications related to cryoextraction. Patient outcomes included partial (n = 5) or complete (n = 6) restoration of airway patency with ECMO decannulation (n = 5) and death (n = 4) due to critical illness.ConclusionsCryoextraction via FB is an effective intervention that can be utilized in critically ill children with refractory tracheobronchial obstruction to restore airway patency and to facilitate liberation from ECMO.
Investigating the inhibitory property of DM hCT on hCT fibrillization via its relevant peptide fragments
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Ping , Chang Yu‐Pei , Tu Ling‐Hsien 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe irreversible aggregation of proteins or peptides greatly limits their bioavailability; therefore, effective inhibition using small molecules or biocompatible materials is very difficult. Human calcitonin (hCT), a hormone polypeptide with 32 residues, is secreted by the C‐cells of the thyroid gland. The biological function of this hormone is to regulate calcium and phosphate concentrations in the blood via several different pathways. One of these is to inhibit the activity of osteoclasts; thus, calcitonin could be used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of the bone. However, hCT is prone to aggregation in aqueous solution and forms amyloid fibrils. Salmon and eel calcitonin are currently used as clinical substitutes for hCT. In a previous study, we found that the replacement of two residues at positions 12 and 17 of hCT with amino acids that appear in the salmon sequence can greatly suppress peptide aggregation. The double mutations of hCT (DM hCT) also act as good inhibitors by disrupting wild‐type hCT fibrillization, although the inhibition mechanism is not clear. More importantly, we demonstrated that DM hCT is biologically active in interacting with the calcitonin receptor. To further understand the inhibitory effect of DM hCT on hCT fibrillization, we created four relevant peptide fragments based on the DM hCT sequence. Our examination revealed that the formation of a helix of DM hCT was possibly a key component contributing to its inhibitory effect. This finding could help in the development of peptide‐based inhibitors and in understanding the aggregation mechanism of hCT.
Whole‐breast irradiation with lumpectomy cavity boost and regional nodal irradiation: Dosimetric comparison of 3D‐CRT using sequential boost and dual partial‐arc VMAT using simultaneous integrated boost
Authors: Poojari Avinash , Sapru Shantanu , Khurana Rohini , Rastogi Madhup , Hadi Rahat , Gandhi Ajeet Kumar , Mishra Surendra , Srivastava Anoop , Bharati Avinav 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with simultaneous tumor bed boost (dpSIB‐VMAT) to the whole breast and regional nodal irradiation (RNI) against standard three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy plus RNI with sequential tumor bed boost (3D‐CRT‐seqB).MethodsThirty patients who underwent breast cancer surgery (BCS) with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were enrolled. Two plans were generated for each case: (1) dpSIB‐VMAT, and (2) 3D‐CRT‐seqB plans. Planning target volume (PTV)‐Breast and PTV‐Nodes were prescribed at a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions in both plans. PTV‐Boost was prescribed at a dose of 60 Gy in 25 fractions simultaneously in the dpSIB‐VMAT plans, whereas it was planned sequentially in the 3D‐CRT‐seqB plans at 10 Gy in 5 fractions. Dosimetric parameters were compared between the two plans.ResultsBoth plans achieved the target coverage. Dmeanof the heart was lower with dpSIB‐VMAT in left‐sided cases (7.17 ± 0.66 Gy vs. 10.12 ± 2.91 Gy;t= 4.02;p= 0.001). Ipsilateral mean lung dose (15.87 ± 1.40 Gy vs. 19.82 ± 3.20 Gy;t= 6.30;p<0.001) was significantly lower but mean doses of the contralateral breast (4.30 ± 1.76 Gy vs. 1.48 ± 0.76 Gy;t= ‐7.84;p<0.001), contralateral lung (3.86 ± 1.21 Gy vs. 0.96 ± 0.25 Gy;t= ‐13.13;p<0.001) and esophagus (13.11 ± 2.63 Gy vs. 10.32 ± 3.56 Gy;t= ‐6.65;p<0.001) were relatively higher with dpSIB‐VMAT.ConclusionDosimetrically, dpSIB‐VMAT reduced doses to the ipsilateral lung and heart (in left breast but not right breast cases) compared to 3D‐CRT‐seqB plans for adequate target coverage.
Compact Bardeen Stars in f(R,T)$f(\mathcal {R}, T)$ Theory with Conformal Motion
Authors: Rashid Aisha , Shamir M. Farasat , Fayyaz Iffat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA set of exact spherically symmetric solutions for describing the interior of a relativistic star in the context of modified theory of gravity is presented. The existence of a Conformal Killing Vectors (CKV) and Bardeen's model to find the boundary conditions as an exterior space‐time geometry to achieve the metric potentials for current study is used. Moreover, matching conditions have been employed to obtain a set of free parameters for the physical analysis. Furthermore, some physically valid attributes like the behavior of energy density, pressure, equilibrium conditions, the adiabatic index, mass‐radius relation, surface red‐shifts, and compactness factor for the realistic stars such as , , , , and are investigated. It is observed that for the current investigation, the derived compact star solutions are physically acceptable and authentic in the presence of charge with conformal motion.
Hybridised multigrid preconditioners for a compatible finite‐element dynamical core
Authors: Betteridge Jack D. , Cotter Colin J. , Gibson Thomas H. , Griffith Matthew J. , Melvin Thomas , Müller Eike H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompatible finite‐element discretisations for the atmospheric equations of motion have recently attracted considerable interest. Semi‐implicit timestepping methods require the repeated solution of a large saddle‐point system of linear equations. Preconditioning this system is challenging, since the velocity mass matrix is nondiagonal, leading to a dense Schur complement. Hybridisable discretisations overcome this issue: weakly enforcing continuity of the velocity field with Lagrange multipliers leads to a sparse system of equations, which has a similar structure to the pressure Schur complement in traditional approaches. We describe how the hybridised sparse system can be preconditioned with a non‐nested two‐level preconditioner. To solve the coarse system, we use the multigrid pressure solver that is employed in the approximate Schur complement method previously proposed by the some of the authors. Our approach significantly reduces the number of solver iterations. The method shows excellent performance and scales to large numbers of cores in the Met Office next‐generation climate and weather prediction model LFRic.
All‐sky infrared radiance assimilation of a geostationary satellite in the Japan Meteorological Agency's global system
Authors: Okamoto Kozo , Ishibashi Toshiyuki , Okabe Izumi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll‐sky assimilation of infrared (IR) radiances has been developed for water vapor bands of the geostationary satellite Himawari‐8 in the operational global data assimilation system. Cloud‐dependent quality control, bias correction, and observation error modeling are essential developments to effectively utilize the all‐sky radiances (ASRs). ASR assimilation increases the assimilated number of observations by 2.8 times and improves the coverage relative to the traditional clear‐sky radiance (CSR) assimilation. The additional observations better alleviate model dry biases in the middle and upper tropospheric humidity. ASR assimilation brings statistically significant improvements in the background (first guess) in humidity, temperature, and wind over the CSR assimilation. It also better improves short‐range forecasts of the middle and upper tropospheric temperature and humidity up to day 3 in the Tropics. A mixed impact in the stratospheric temperature is under investigation. The impacts of various aspects of the ASR assimilation configuration are evaluated with sensitivity assimilation experiments. The interband correlation and cloud‐dependent standard deviation of the observation error are crucial, whereas the cloud dependency of the correlation is not so important. Although ASRs at a single band were assimilated in many previous studies targeting severe weather using research‐based regional assimilation systems due to decreasing independent information in the presence of clouds, they are distinctly inferior to not only ASRs at multiple bands but also CSRs at multiple bands in a global data assimilation system that contains fewer cloud‐affected scenes. The cloud‐dependent bias correction predictors are essential in the presence of observation‐minus‐background bias that increases with cloud effects.
Is Amazon deforestation decreasing the number of thunderstorms over South America?
Authors: Bekenshtein Raam , Price Colin , Mareev Eugene 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLightning activity has been predicted to increase with global warming, though estimates of lightning sensitivity to a change of temperature vary widely. Since lightning is a small‐scale process, it must be represented by parametrizations in climate models. This article uses large‐scale meteorological parameters tied to thunderstorm generation to improve existing empirical models that simulate regional thunderstorm behaviour. The response of the number of thunderstorms (as presented here) to climate change is rarely analysed in global studies. This study focuses on Tropical America, and uses the ERA5 higher‐resolution reanalysis data (ERA5) to develop our empirical model. Thunderstorm data were taken from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and processed using the clustering algorithm developed by Mezuman et al. (2014). The two meteorological parameters that correlated best with thunderstorm clusters in Tropical America were specific humidity (SH) and convective available potential energy (CAPE). The resulting empirical model was run from 1979 to 2019 using ERA5 reanalysis data as input. This approach approximates the long‐term trends in the behaviour of thunderstorms in the regions, in the absence of a complete historical lightning record. To our surprise, Tropical American thunderstorms exhibited a negative trend over this period, with an 8% decrease in thunderstorm clusters since the 1980s even with a rise of 1 K in temperature over the same period. The regions of largest decreases in thunderstorm activity align well with estimates of deforestation. We estimate that for every 1 Tg C lost due to deforestation, there is a 10% decrease in thunderstorm number.
Research on status‐driven hybrid evaluation method for mission success probability
Authors: Liu Peiyi , Luo Xu , Zhang Shigang , Chen Mengqiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMission Success Probability is a top‐level indicator that integrates reliability, maintainability, and spare parts security during the system's mission. Numerical simulation is used for mission success evaluation of complex system because it can consider any form of system structure and component failure distribution model. In actual engineering, system components usually deteriorate or fail with the extension of service time and need to be repaired or replaced, so there are dynamic changes in component status during the life cycle. To evaluate the mission success in such dynamic scenarios, it is necessary to repeat the simulation based on the whole system once the local parameters are adjusted. Despite the continuous improvement in computational performance, traditional numerical simulations are not well matched for rapid evaluation and timely decision making in dynamic scenarios. Therefore, an evaluation method that mixes proxy model and simulation sampling is proposed in this paper. The method uses the simulation to complete the data acquisition, and then analyzes the data by inverse function sampling and Copula function to obtain the model training samples, and finally realizes the approximate description of the local unit simulation process by proxy model. The experimental results show that the method can reduce the repetitive simulation scale from the whole system to local unit while ensuring high accuracy, avoiding many repeated calculations in variable scenarios.
In‐droplet hydrogen–deuterium exchange to examine protein/peptide solution conformer heterogeneity
Authors: Sharif Daud , Rahman Mohammad , Mahmud Sultan , Sultana Mst Nigar , Attanayake Kushani , DeBastiani Anthony , Foroushani Samira Hajian , Li Peng , Valentine Stephen J. 
Published: June 2023

RationaleMany different structure analysis techniques are not capable of probing the heterogeneity of solution conformations. Here, we examine the ability of in‐droplet hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX) to directly probe solution conformer heterogeneity of a protein with mass spectrometry (MS) detection.MethodsTwo vibrating capillary vibrating sharp‐edge spray ionization (cVSSI) devices have been arranged such that they generate microdroplet plumes of the analyte and D2O reagent, which coalesce to form reaction droplets where HDX takes place in the solution environment. The native HDX–MS setup has been first explored for two model peptides that have distinct structural compositions in solution. The effectiveness of the multidevice cVSSI–HDX in illustrating structural details has been further exploited to investigate coexisting solution‐phase conformations of the protein ubiquitin.ResultsIn‐droplet HDX reveals decreased backbone exchange for a model peptide that has a greater helix‐forming propensity. Differences in intrinsic rates of the alanine and serine residues may account for much of the observed protection. The data allow the first estimates of backbone exchange rates for peptides undergoing in‐droplet HDX. That said, the approach may hold greater potential for investigating the tertiary structure and structural transitions of proteins. For ubiquitin protein, HDX reactivity differences suggest that multiple conformers are present in native solutions. The addition of methanol to buffered aqueous solutions of ubiquitin results in increased populations of solution conformers of higher reactivity. Data analysis suggests that partially folded conformers such as the A‐state of ubiquitin increase with methanol content; the native state may be preserved to a limited degree even under stronger denaturation conditions.ConclusionThe deuterium uptake after in‐droplet HDX has been observed to correspond to some degree with peptide backbone hydrogen protection based on differences in intrinsic rates of exchange. The presence of coexisting protein solution structures under native and denaturing solution conditions has been distinguished by the isotopic distributions of deuterated ubiquitin ions.
Guidelines to reduce the effects of urban heat in a changing climate: Green infrastructures and design measures
Authors: Pereira Clara , Flores‐Colen Inês , Mendes Maria Paula 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of more frequent, intense and prolonged heat and drought events can lead to severe socio‐economic impacts. The integration of different types of urban green infrastructures (GIs; e.g., urban parks and building greens), and urban and building design measures (DMs; e.g., a network of cool urban spaces and passive cooling), at various scales, can help reduce outdoor air temperature, energy use and heat stress. Numerous accessible or emerging GI and DM solutions exist, highlighting the need for guidelines that evaluate their suitability in enhancing resilience to extreme heat. Those should consider broader aspects such as geographical conditions, urban morphology and development, social‐economic background, governance and sustainability, as well as more specific considerations like maintenance, adaptability and soil and water resources. To facilitate decision‐making, this study proposes guidelines based on a narrative literature review, discussing the potential impact of GIs and DMs and their role in enhancing the city's climate resilience.
Highly‐Exposed Co‐CoO Derived from Nanosized ZIF‐67 on N‐Doped Porous Carbon Foam as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Luo Yixing , Wen Ming , Zhou Jian , Wu Qingsheng , Wei Guangfeng , Fu Yongqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐precious‐metal based electrocatalysts with highly‐exposed and well‐dispersed active sites are crucially needed to achieve superior electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) toward zinc‐air battery (ZAB). Herein, Co‐CoO heterostructures derived from nanosized ZIF‐67 are densely‐exposed and strongly‐immobilized onto N‐doped porous carbon foam (NPCF) through a self‐sacrificial pyrolysis strategy. Benefited from the high exposure of Co‐CoO heterostructures and the favorable mass and electron transfer ability of NPCF, the Co‐CoO/NPCF electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable performance for both ORR (E1/2 = 0.843 V vs RHE) and OER (Ej = 10 mA cm‐2 = 1.586 V vs RHE). Further application of Co‐CoO/NPCF as the air‐cathode in rechargeable ZAB achieves superior performance for liquid‐state ZAB (214.1 mW cm−2 and 600 cycles) and flexible all‐solid‐state ZAB (93.1 mW cm−2 and 140 cycles). Results from DFT calculations demonstrate that the electronic metal‐support interactions between Co‐CoO and NPCF via abundant C‐Nx sites is favorable for electronic structure modulation, accounting for the remarkable performance.
Water/Vapor Assisted Fabrication of Large‐Area Superprotonic Conductive Covalent Organic Framework Membranes
Authors: Khan Niaz Ali , Luo Mengying , Zha Xinlin , Azad Chandra S. , Lu Jing , Chen Jiahui , Fan Chunyang , Rahman Ata Ur , Olson Mark A. , Jiang Zhongyi , Wang Dong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFabrication of large‐area ionic covalent organic framework membranes (iCOMs) remains a grand challenge. Herein, the authors report the liquid water and water vapor‐assisted fabrication of large‐area superprotonic conductive iCOMs. A mixed monomer solution containing 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) in 1,4‐dioxane and p‐diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABA) in water is first polymerized to obtain a pristine membrane which subsequently underwent crystallization process in mixed vapors containing water vapor. During the polymerization stage, water played a role of a diluting agent, weakening the Coulombic repulsion between sulfonic acid groups. During the crystallization stage, water vapor played a role of a structure‐directing agent to facilitate the formation of highly crystalline, large‐area iCOMs. The resulting membranes achieved a proton conductivity value of 0.76 S cm−1 at 90 °C under 100% relative humidity, which is among the highest ever reported. Using liquid water and water vapor as versatile additives open a novel avenue to the fabrication of large‐area membranes from covalent organic frameworks and other kinds of crystalline organic framework materials.