bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Immuno-response Effects for Iraqi Lycium barbarm Carotenes upon Normal Human lymphocytes culture
Authors: Yaseen Mohammed Hasan Zainab , Alsamarrae Khulood W. , Rushdi Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effects of Iraqi Lycium barbarm Carotene on normal human blood lymphocytes at molecular level.
Methods: The normal human blood lymphocytes culture was exposed to Carotene extracted from Iraqi Lycium barbarm to estimate the interleukins expression in treated lymphocytes represented by IL-10 and TNF-α as a moderator of immune response at a molecular scale, and their CD markers changes expression (CD3, CD4&CD8) by flow-cytometer apparatus.
Results: Total carotenes content was 0.33mg/g powdered dried fruit. Potent carotene effect was appeared at concentration of 500µg/ml for treated lymphocytes with increasing CD3 level to get upper level after 2 hours interval, while after 4 hours exposure both CD4 and CD8 levels increased dramatically for lymphocytes treated with 125 µg/ml, and 250µg/ml Lycium carotene. An alteration in cytokines gene expression for IL-10 production in response to carotene treatments at (125,250,500) µg/ml for both intervals, with suppress in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) gene expression in relation to β-actin the internal control and the PHA mitogenic agent.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the carotenes extracted from Lycium barbarm fruits seemed to initiate the immune system toward Th2 cell activation rather thanTh1, besides the extract may potentiate IL-10 production.
Ekspresi Spiritualitas Kelompok Keagamaan di Beberapa Wilayah Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Saputra Hanif 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to explore the existence of diverse religious groups in the province of Aceh and how they engage in religious activities alongside other groups. In collecting data, the researcher used the library research method to gather references from books, journals, and academic research reports related to the topic, as well as the Netnography method to gather public information through relevant social media. The results show that there are several different religious groups in Aceh with varying views and expressions of their rituals in different regions. The Tastafi group, Jama'ah Tabligh, and the T. Raja Ubiet community group have different characteristics and expressions in their spiritual activities. On the other hand, the Wahabi group shows a far different view from the local spiritual practices, causing them to be isolated from other religious groups. This study reinforces the reality that although Aceh has implemented Islamic law as positive law, religious groups can still thrive and not hinder the emergence of various religious expressions in the community.
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang eksistensi beragam kelompok keagamaan di Provinsi Aceh dan bagaimana mereka melakukan aktivitas keagamaan secara berdampingan dengan kelompok lainnya. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan metode library research yang mengumpulkan referensi dari buku, jurnal, dan laporan penelitian akademik yang berhubungan, serta metode Netnografi yang mengumpulkan informasi publik melalui media sosial yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa kelompok keagamaan yang berbeda dalam pandangan dan ekspresi ritual mereka di beberapa wilayah Aceh seperti kelompok Tastafi, Jamaah Tabligh, dan kelompok masyarakat T. Raja Ubiet. Kajian ini mempertegas realitas bahwa meskipun Aceh telah menerapkan syariat Islam sebagai hukum positif, namun kelompok keagamaan tetap dapat berkembang dan tidak menghalangi lahirnya berbagai ekspresi keagamaan dalam masyarakat.
Konseptualisasi Agama dan Implikasinya di Indonesia
Authors: Kamal Aulia 
Published: May 2023

This article discusses how the concept of "religion" is conceptualized in Indonesia and its implications. Through literature review, data was collected and analyzed descriptively, and it was found that: First, the term "religion" is conceptually constructed academically based on the World Religion Paradigm (WRP) with Islam as the model and monotheism as the main feature. Politically, the WRP is increasingly hegemonic through Pancasila, and is constructed in accordance with the policy of religious life from the colonial era to the orde New Order (Orde Baru). Thus, the definition and categorization of religion are stricter and more political. Second, this construction has implications for: (1) Monotheism becoming the standard feature of "recognized religion", making it exclusive and discriminatory. (2) In order to be recognized by the state, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are forced to monotheize their theological concepts and submit to Pancasila. (3) The government hastily reduces various local practices to "belief systems". (4) Religion becomes the main identity in citizenship, leading to discrimination and stigmatization of believers of faiths. (5) Academically, the WRP also influences the paradigm in the study of religion. This article recommends the need for a re-identification of religious categories academically, outside of political interests. In addition, it is necessary to distinguish native religions from belief systems because even though they are not identical to world religions, they are not as simple as spiritual practices. Abstrak: Artikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana kata "agama" dikonseptualisasi di Indonesia dan implikasinya. Melalui studi kepustakaan, data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif, dan ditemukan bahwa: Pertama, kata “agama” secara konseptual dikonstruksi secara akademis berdasarkan paradigma agama dunia (WRP) dengan Islam sebagai model dan monoteistik sebagai fitur utama. Secara politis, WRP semakin hegemonik melalui Pancasila, lalu dikonstruksi seturut kebijakan kehidupan beragama dari masa kolonial hingga Orde Baru. Jadi definisi dan kategori agama lebih ketat dan politis. Kedua, konstruksi ini berimplikasi pada: (1) Monoteistik menjadi ciri standar pengakuan “agama”, sehingga eksklusif dan diskriminatif. (2) Agar diakui negara, Hindu, Budha, dan Konghucu dipaksa untuk memonoteistifikasi konsep teologinya, tunduk kepada Pancasila. (3) Pemerintah secara gegabah mereduksi berbagai praktik lokal ke dalam "aliran kepercayaan". (4) Agama menjadi identitas utama dalam kewarganegaraan, yang mengarah pada diskriminasi dan stigmatisasi penghayat kepercayaan. (5) Secara akademis, WRP juga mempengaruhi paradigma dalam studi agama. Artikel ini merekomendasikan perlunya identifikasi ulang kategori agama secara akademis, di luar kepentingan politik. Selain itu, perlu membedakan agama pribumi dari aliran kepercayaan karena meskipun tidak identik dengan agama dunia, namun ia tidak sesederhana sebagai praktik kebatinan.
Magisitas Al-Qur’an dalam Pengobatan Sakit Gigi dengan Media Paku pada Masyarakat Madura
Authors: Basid Abd. , Maulidah Faridatul 
Published: May 2023

Throughout the history of the Quran, the reception of the Quranic text and hadith by humanity has continued to evolve and has not always been the same in every time and place. The response and reaction of people to the Quran vary greatly, and one of them is the practice of treating toothache using Quranic verses and a nail as a tool in the village of Tobungan, Galis District, Pamekasan Regency, Madura. This shows that the Quran is not only a routine reading for Muslims during worship, but it can also be applied for healing purposes. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, living Quran analysis, religious psychological approach, and interview, observation, and literature techniques. The study shows that Q.S. Al-Fatihah is positioned by some of the community members in Tobungan Village, Galis District, Pamekasan Regency, Madura as a verse that has magical power and can be used as a healing tool with additional rituals and equipment, such as nails and paper. This study concludes that the Quran is not only a religious text to be read during worship, but it also has healing value. Living Quran practices such as treating toothache with Quranic verses and nails in the village of Tobungan, Galis District, Pamekasan Regency, Madura demonstrate changes in people's response and reaction to the Quran over time and place. This study provides an overview of how the value of the Quran can change and be interpreted by the community according to their context and needs. Abstrak: Dalam perjalanan sejarah Al-Qur’an, penerimaan teks Al-Quran dan hadis oleh umat manusia terus berkembang dan tidak selalu sama di setiap waktu dan tempat. Respons dan tanggapan masyarakat terhadap Al-Quran sangat beragam dan salah satunya adalah praktik pengobatan sakit gigi dengan menggunakan ayat Al-Qur’an dan media paku di Desa Tobungan Kecamata Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Al-Quran tidak hanya sebagai rutinitas bacaan umat muslim ketika beribadah, namun juga bisa diaplikasikan sebagai pengobatan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, analisa living Qur’an, pendekatan psikologis religious, dan teknik wawancara, observasi dan pustaka. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa Q.S. Al-Fatihah oleh sebagian masyarakat Desa Tobungan Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura diposisikan sebagai ayat yang memiliki kekuatan magis yang bisa menjadi media pengobatan dengan ritual dan perlengkapan tambahan berupa paku dan kertas. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Al-Quran tidak hanya sebagai teks keagamaan untuk dibaca dalam rutinitas ibadah, tetapi juga memiliki nilai pengobatan. Praktik living Quran seperti pengobatan sakit gigi dengan ayat Al-Quran dan media paku di Desa Tobungan Kecamata Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura menunjukkan perubahan respons dan tanggapan masyarakat terhadap Al-Quran seiring waktu dan tempat. Studi ini memberikan gambaran bagaimana nilai Al-Quran bisa berubah dan diinterpretasikan oleh masyarakat sesuai dengan konteks dan kebutuhan mereka.
Konstruksi Penemuan Hukum Islam dari Perilaku Kemanusian Nabi Ditinjau dari Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Muthalib Salman Abdul 
Published: May 2023

Prophet Muhammad SAW had two roles, as a messenger and an ordinary human being. However, the assumption of some people that the words of Prophet Muhammad as an ordinary human being are considered as religious obligations to be followed or avoided, this burdens the weight of practicing religion and eventually leads some of the community to ignore all religious teachings. In this study, the author wants to look at a clear format of the elements of sharia in the Prophet's Sunnah so that it can be used as a guide in finding laws and providing a clear understanding to the community about what teachings are truly part of the religion. This research is qualitative, with the main focus on studying the Prophet's actions as a basis for discovering laws. The study found that some of the Prophet's actions are not included in the elements of sharia, whether it is mandatory, recommended, or permissible by sharia law, so the hadiths in this category cannot be used as sharia law and are not binding on Muslims to follow them. The Prophet's actions related to worldly matters, such as being a head of state and a judge, customary practices, or human characteristics, cannot be used as a reference in establishing sharia law and are not part of Islamic teachings. Abstrak: Nabi Muhammad SAW memiliki dua sifat, sebagai Rasul dan manusia biasa. Akan tetapi anggapan sebagian orang bahwa ucapan Nabi Muhammad selaku manusia biasa pun dianggap sebagai agama yang wajib diikuti atau dijauhi, hal ini membuat beban dalam beragama menjadi lebih berat dan akhirnya mendorong sebagian umat mengabaikan seluruh ajaran agama. Dalam kajian ini, penulis ingin melihat format yang jelas mengenai unsur-unsur syariat dalam Sunnah Nabi sehingga dapat dijadikan panduan dalam menemukan hukum dan memberi gambaran yang jelas kepada umat ajaran apa saja yang benar-benar bagian dari agama. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, fokus utama adalah kajian terhadap perbuatan Nabi sebagai dasar dalam penemuan hukum. Penelitian menemukan bahwa beberapa tindakan Nabi yang tidak termasuk dalam unsur syariat, baik itu hukum wajib, sunnah, atau mubah syar‘iyyah, sehingga hadis-hadis dalam kategori ini tidak bisa dijadikan sebagai hukum syariat dan tidak mengikat umat Islam untuk mengikutinya. Tindakan Nabi yang terkait dengan masalah dunia, seperti sebagai kepala negara dan hakim, kebiasaan adat, atau sifat kemanusiaan, tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam menetapkan hukum syariah dan bukan bagian dari ajaran Islam.
A Cointegration Study of Life Insurance Demand in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Arifin Azitadoly , Jusoh Abdul Aziz , Zaghlol Azlul Kalilah 
Published: May 2023

The expansion of the insurance sector has a profound effect on a country's economy. Insurance companies experienced a slowdown in premiums during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the life sector. Due to consumers' discretionary decision to spend less on life insurance policies, premium volumes decreased globally. One way to provide income protection for dependents or beneficiaries upon the death of an insured person, total permanent disability, or policy contract maturity is through life insurance. This study, therefore, this study considers recent events as it examines the factors that influence the demand for life insurance in Malaysia. The ordinary least square (OLS) method is employed using 34 years of data spanning from 1988 until 2021. The result of VECM showed that Income positively affects demand in the long run, while the other two variables, savings, and unemployment negatively affect demand in the long run. The empirical findings are expected to enrich the existing literature and to create awareness of the benefits that life insurance may offer in potential risks transferred to the insurer. Furthermore, the research findings could also help policymakers create preventative measures to protect life insurance companies from the consequences of diminished market confidence in the slowdown of the business cycle.
#Twitter: Examining the Impact of Earnings Format Choice and Rehashing Prior Positive Information on Market Prices
Authors: Pitre Terence J. , Pinsker Robert , Daigle Ronald J. , Zhang Yibo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Using Twitter to disseminate information has two advantages: flexibility in presentation formats and the ability to redisclose a prior period’s information—referred to as “rehashing.” Our research examines the effect of these issues on market investors’ trading. Our experimental market results suggest that nonprofessional investors presented with whole-number quarterly earnings exhibit insensitivity to the large numbers (i.e., psychophysical numbing). Further, we find evidence suggesting that investors in the whole-number condition net the rehashed quarterly earnings information with current quarterly earnings information to counteract the psychophysical numbing effects, whereas those in the earnings per share (small-number) condition display a representativeness bias toward positive news when processing the rehashed information. Our results indicate that a firm can influence investor decisions when managers strategically disseminate larger whole numbers and rehash positive earnings information. Thus, our findings contribute novel information to the extant social media literature.
CIVIL SOCIETY’S INCLUSIVITY IN PROVIDING ACCSESS TO JUSTICE THROUGH THE WITNESS AND VICTIMS’ COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAM
Authors: Mulyani Leni Widi , David Desiree 
Published: May 2023

Witnesses and Victims are important elements in the criminal justice system, unfortunately their existent has not been supported and protected properly. They’re often experience pressure, threats, and potential threats. Indonesia Agency for witness and to fulfil the rights of witnesses and victims in criminal justice and to strengthen legal basis and ability to fulfil their rights. The Problems arise in this writing, 1.How does the community work together with agency in providing protection and access to justice for witnesses and victims? 2.What are the challenges?. The purpose of this study is to discuss the inclusion of civil society in assisting witnesses and victims through the community-based program in Indonesia. It is already established in Seven areas, each of it is connected to agency for the coordination. The research method used normative legal research and social approach as well as conceptual approach method, data were taken through a structured interview with participants and the agency. The result is this program indeed assist the agency to reach more people who facing difficulties to get their legal rights, as for the community itself, they feel protected and appreciated because the state indeed concern about their situation.
Keywords: Witnesses and Victims, LPSK, Community Based.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Peranginangin Gunawan , Siregar Nurdin 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada materi pokok Besaran dan Satuan. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimen dengan desain two group pre-test dan pos-test. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Swasta Santo Yoseph Medan. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel penelitian adalah cluster random sampling, dengan sampel penelitian 2 kelas yaitu kelas X-I sebagai kelas eksperimen menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan kelas X-4 sebagai kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 soal dengan terlebih dahulu divalidasi oleh validator. Hasil analisis data menjelaskan bahwa uji model pembelajaran berbasis masalah lebih berpengaruh meningkatkan kemampuan belajar pemecahan masalah daripada pembelajaran konvensional.
A Preliminary Study of the Relationships Between Echotextural Characteristics of the Mammary Gland and Chemical Composition of Milk During Early Lactation in EWES
Authors: Molik Edyta , JavadiEsfahani Raha , Murawski Maciej , Schwarz Tomasz , Jamieson Mark , Ahmadi Bahareh , Bartlewski Pawel M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the ultrasonographic characteristics of the mammary gland in post-partum ewes (1 to 4 weeks after lambing) of varying genotypes for correlations with the chemical composition of milk. Ultrasonograms of mammary glands in coronal (C) and sagittal (S) planes were obtained using 5.0- and 7.5-MHz transducers from four polish mountain (PMt) and six Olkuska (Olk) ewes. Computerized image analyses of all images have been performed to determine pixel intensity (numerical pixel values – NPV) and heterogeneity (pixel standard deviation – PSD) of the mammary gland stroma/parenchyma. In PMT ewes examined with the 5.0-MHz probe, the mean NPV-C correlated negatively with C17:0 (margaric acid) and C17:1 C10 (heptadecenoic acid). Furthermore, NPV-s correlated negatively with C17:0 content of milk. In PMT ewes examined with the 7.5-MHz transducer, the mean NPV-S correlated positively with the crude fat and total solids, and negatively with C18:3 c9, C12, C15 (N-3) (α-linoleic acid) content of milk samples, while PSD-S correlated positively with C16:0 (palmitic acid) and negatively with lactose. In the scans obtained with the 5.0-MHz in olk sheep, the mean NPV-C was directly related to C10:1 (decanoic acid), C14:1 (myristoleic acid), C16:1 iso (iso-hexadecanoic acid), C16:1 C9 (palmitoleic acid), and c18:0 (stearic acid) content; the mean psd-c correlated positively with total solids, c14:1, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1 iso, C16:1 C9, ClA (conjugated linoleic acids), and total saturated fatty acid content, and negatively with C18:1 C11 (N-7) (cis-vaccenic acid), C18:2 C9, C12 (n-6) (linoleic acid), and total polyunsaturated fatty acid content of milk; and the mean psd-s correlated directly with ash and total saturated fatty acid content of the milk. Lastly, the mean NPV-C of images recorded with the 7.5-MHz probe in olk ewes related directly to ash and C12:0 (lauric acid); the mean NPV-S related directly to ash and C16:1 iso; the mean PSD-C correlated positively with ash and total saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and the mean PSD-S correlated positively with the total SFA. Echotextural attributes of the mammary gland in ewes have the makings of the technique for determining milk content of certain chemical constituents in a breed-specific manner; however, further studies are needed to verify the usefulness of echotextural analyses of the udder to consistently predict complete milk composition.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Filenchus multistriatus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae) and Data on a Known Species of the Genus from Bushehr Province, Southern Iran
Authors: Monemi Somayeh , Atighi Mohammad Reza , Abolafia Joaquín , Castillo Pablo , Pedram Majid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During a nematological survey in southern Iran, a population belonging to the family Tylenchidae was recovered from a tomato field in Bushehr province. The recovered population belongs to the genus Filenchus, was described and illustrated herein as F. multistriatus n. sp. It is mainly characterized by having a wide and low annulated lip region continuous with adjacent body; amphidial openings confined to the labial plate; four lines in lateral fields forming three bands, with the two outer bands broken by transverse, and the inner one broken by both transverse and longitudinal lines; and median bulb oval with visible valve and elongate-conoid tail uniformly and gradually narrowing toward the distal region, ending in a widely rounded tip. Its morphological and morphometric differences with three closely similar species were discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other relevant genera and species were reconstructed using partial sequences of small, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) sequences. Morphometric and morphological data were also provided for an Iranian population of F. sandneri recovered from Bushehr province. Both populations were characterised using SEM data.
GLOBAL AND LOCAL BRANDS: DISTINGUISHING PERCEPTIONS FROM ORIGIN
Authors: OZTURAN Peren 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This study aims to (1) disentangle the relationship between brand origin (global vs. local) and brand perceptions (perceived brand globalness, PBG vs. local iconness, LI), and (2) investigate how consumer ethnocentrism moderates these model pathways.
Design/methodology/approach: We utilize a multi-method approach in two complementary studies, a survey (N=253) and an experiment (N=148).
Findings: We find that brand origin (global vs. local) and perceptions (PBG vs. LI) are distinct constructs that need to be accounted for separately in brand evaluation models. We show that the routes to purchase intentions (PIs) differ across global and local origin brands. PBG has a positive relationship with perceived brand quality and prestige but only for global origin brands. In contrast, for local origin brands, LI plays a crucial role via positive relationships to perceived brand quality and prestige. Consumers prefer brands to stay true to their brand origin. Ethnocentrism dampens both the PBG-PI and LI-PI relations only for global origin brands. Neither PBG nor LI seems to trigger PIs for ethnocentric consumers for global origin brands.
Originality/value: We show that the routes to PIs differ across global and local origin brands. Brand managers should stay true to the origins of their brands (global/local) in building their brands’ globalness/localness perceptions since consumers prefer a fit between origin and perceptions.