bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of five machine learning methods to predict the 52-week blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fu Xiaomin , Wang Yuhan , Cates Ryan S. , Li Nan , Liu Jing , Ke Dianshan , Liu Jinghua , Liu Hongzhou , Yan Shuangtong 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveFor the patients who are suffering from type 2 diabetes, blood glucose level could be affected by multiple factors. An accurate estimation of the trajectory of blood glucose is crucial in clinical decision making. Frequent glucose measurement serves as a good source of data to train machine learning models for prediction purposes. This study aimed at using machine learning methods to predict blood glucose for type 2 diabetic patients. We investigated various parameters influencing blood glucose, as well as determined the most effective machine learning algorithm in predicting blood glucose.Patients and methods273 patients were recruited in this research. Several parameters such as age, diet, family history, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status et al were analyzed. Patients who had glycosylated hemoglobin less than 6.5% after 52 weeks were considered as having achieved glycemic control and the rest as not achieving it. Five machine learning methods (KNN algorithm, logistic regression algorithm, random forest algorithm, support vector machine, and XGBoost algorithm) were compared to evaluate their performances in prediction accuracy. R 3.6.3 and Python 3.12 were used in data analysis.ResultsThe statistical variables for which p&lt; 0.05 was obtained were BMI, pulse, Na, Cl, AKP. Compared with the other four algorithms, XGBoost algorithm has the highest accuracy (Accuracy=99.54% in training set and 78.18% in testing set) and AUC values (1.0 in training set and 0.68 in testing set), thus it is recommended to be used for prediction in clinical practice.ConclusionWhen it comes to future blood glucose level prediction using machine learning methods, XGBoost algorithm scores the highest in effectiveness. This algorithm could be applied to assist clinical decision making, as well as guide the lifestyle of diabetic patients, in pursuit of minimizing risks of hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic events.
Big insulin-like growth factor 2-producing multiple solitary fibrous tumors treated with debulking surgery: A case report
Authors: Keidai Yamato , Murakami Takaaki , Yamamura Nana , Tsunoda Shigeru , Ikeda Atsushi , Hida Koya , Nagao Mototsugu , Yamada Yosuke , Fukui Ayaka , Ogura Masahito , Fukuda Izumi , Nakamoto Yuji , Obama Kazutaka , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundNon-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by a tumor-producing high molecular weight form of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) known as big IGF2. The only curative treatment for this condition is surgical resection of the responsible tumors. However, this may not be feasible in cases with multiple metastases at diagnosis of NICTH, and no standard treatment strategy for multiple tumors has been established. The effects of pharmacological therapies including somatostatin analogs are often inefficient and remain difficult to predict.Case descriptionA 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to impaired consciousness and severe hypoglycemia. His medical history included diagnosis of a left temporal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) at the age of 48 years, after which local recurrent and metastatic tumors were repeatedly resected. Four years before admission, multiple intraabdominal and subcutaneous tumors were detected and, being asymptomatic, were managed conservatively. Laboratory exam on admission demonstrated hypoglycemia accompanied with low serum insulin and IGF1 levels. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple intraabdominal and subcutaneous tumors increasing in size. Serum big IGF2 was detected on immunoblot analysis, and he was diagnosed as NICTH. In addition, tumor uptake was observed on 68Ga-labelled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide positron emission tomography/CT (DOTATOC-PET/CT). Since larger tumor is more suspicious about responsible producibility of big IGF2, we planned to resect large ones preferentially and reduce the amounts of residual tumors. Debulking surgery was performed by removing eleven intraabdominal tumors; the hypoglycemia was then completely corrected. Histological analyses revealed the resected tumors to be metastases of SFT having somatostatin receptor 2 expression. In immunoblot analysis, the resected tumors were found to be positive for big IGF2; serum big IGF2 was undetectable after surgery.ConclusionWe present a case of NICTH with multiple metastatic SFTs. We strategically performed debulking surgery, which led to remission of hypoglycemia. This result demonstrates a pioneering practical solution for NICTH cases with multiple tumors. In addition, in cases of SFTs presenting with NICTH, positivity of DOTATOC-PET/CT as well as single-dose administration of octreotide may be predictive of the efficacy of somatostatin-based therapy.
A real-world study of anlotinib combined with GS regimen as first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhan Gouling , Hu Jianbing , Da Shijian , Weng Jie , Zhou Chuanyi , Wen Fang , Liu Songlian , Fang Fang , Shen Erdong , Zhou Qiang , Luo Pan , Xu Min , Zhan Dahe , Su Yuqi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAnlotinib may boost the efficacy of pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment if timely added to the GS regimen (Gemcitabine, Tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium); however, no data has been published. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of anlotinib in combination with the GS regimen(hereafter referred to as the A+GS regimen) in the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic PC.MethodsPatients with unresectable or metastatic PC treated at Yueyang Central Hospital and Yueyang People’s Hospital between October 2018 and June 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective real-world investigation. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), and objective response rate (ORR), while the treatment safety was assessed by the frequency of major adverse events (AEs).ResultsSeventy-one patients were included in this study, 41 in the GS group and 30 in the A+GS group. The A+GS group had a longer mPFS than the GS group (12.0 months (95% CI, 6.0–18.0) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 3.0–8.1)), respectively (P = 0.005). mOS was longer in the GS+A group) when compared with the GS group (17.0 months (95%CI, 14.0–20.0) and 10.0 months (95% CI, 7.5–12.5)), respectively (P = 0.018). The GS+A group had higher ORR (50.0% vs 26.8%, P = 0.045) and DCR (83.3% vs 58.5%, P = 0.026). Furthermore, there were no grade 4-5 AEs and no treatment-related deaths, and no discernible increase in AEs in the GS+A group when compared with the GS group.ConclusionThe A+GS regimen therapy holds great promise in managing treatment-naive advanced PC, except that future prospective studies with larger sample sizes and multiple centers are required to determine its efficacy and safety.
Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with leaf crude protein content in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]
Authors: Cui Yanjiao , Liu Dan , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Jing , Li Suying , Liu Zhengli 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Spruce spider mite is a primary insect pest of Chinese chestnut in China and seriously influences its yield and quality. However, the current management against this mite is costly and poorly effective. In previous research, we bred several foxtail millet materials for interplanting with chestnut tree, and found that they had high levels of crude protein (CP) in leaves and attracted spruce spider mite to feed on the leaves, thereby reducing chestnut damage.Methods: In this study, four foxtail millet varieties with significant differences in leaf crude protein content were used for high-throughput sequencing and identification of genes associated with leaf crude protein content. Gene enrichment analyses were carried out to comprehend the functions of these genes and the biological processes in which they are involved. In addition, transcription factors (TFs) were evaluated.Results: 435 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, suggesting their potential role in crude protein accumulation. Some differentially expressed genes were found to be associated with nitrogen metabolism and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways. Moreover, we identified 40 TF genes categorized into 11 transcription factor families.Discussion: Our findings represent an important resource that clarifies the mechanisms of accumulation and control of leaf crude protein in foxtail millet, and provide an opportunity for suppression of spruce spider mite attack on Chinese chestnut by interplanting with foxtail millet varieties with high concentrations of leaf crude protein.
A study on the correlation between hemoglobin concentration and the storage quality of suspended red blood cells prepared from the whole blood of Tibetan male residents
Authors: Zhong Rui , Wu Xiaodong , Liu Zhijuan , He Zeng , Zhang Xuejun , Liu Jiaxin , Cao Ye , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies reported that the blood of Tibetans living at different altitudes may vary slightly. There is evidence that the harsh environmental conditions at high altitudes, such as low pressure and hypoxia, may affect the morphology and hemorheology of red blood cells (RBCs). Hypoxia would increase the levels of hemoglobin ([Hb]) and hematocrit (Hct), potentially increasing blood hyperviscosity and compromising blood collection and transfusions. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the in vitro storage quality of Tibetan RBCs.ObjectivesIn this study, the in vitro quality of suspended RBCs (SRBCs) prepared from whole blood (WB) of Tibetan residents with varying Hb concentrations ([Hb]) was measured during storage, and the relationship between the major factors in RBC storage and [Hb] was studied.Materials and methodsThe WB of Tibetan men was divided into three groups based on [Hb] levels (group A: 120 &lt; Hb ≤ 185 g/L; group B: 185 &lt; Hb ≤ 210 g/L; group C: Hb &gt; 210 g/L). The SRBCs prepared from WB were examined aseptically on days 1, 14, 21, and 35 after storage.Results[Hb] was not correlated with mean corpuscular volume (MCV), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), pH, P50, and hemolysis. There was a moderate or strong negative association between platelets (PLT) and [Hb] from days 1 to 35, and the PLT number of group C was lower than group A during storage. Group C had the highest change rates of electrolytes, glucose, and lactate, and there were moderate or strong positive correlations between lactate and [Hb] (r = 0.3772, p = 0.0045), glucose and [Hb] (r = 0.5845, p &lt; 0.0001), Na+ and [Hb] (r = 0.3966, p = 0.0027), and K+ and [Hb] (r = 0.4885, p = 0.0002). Group B had the highest change rates of 2,3-DPG on day 35, and there was a negative correlation between 2,3-DPG and [Hb] (r = −0.4933, p = 0.0001).ConclusionsThese new data on the [Hb] could have implications for researchers wishing to study the storage quality of Tibetan SRBCs, particularly in the context of erythrocyte metabolism, and we propose finding a new, suitable alternative solution for plateau SRBCs, particularly the blood with [Hb] greater than 185 g/L. Our results could have important implications for researchers wishing to study the potential framework of high-altitude-induced SRBC storage lesions.
Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk, prognosis, and quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Bu Yuan , Qu Junchao , Ji Siqi , Zhou Jingxin , Xue Mengxin , Qu Jiling , Sun Huiping , Liu Yongbing 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundStatistics indicate that the morbidity of breast cancer is increasing globally, and its (overall figures) incidence has now surpassed that of lung cancer for the first time. The relation between a whole dietary pattern, rather than of a single food or nutrient, and breast cancer (BC) should be examined for findings to capture the complexities of diet and the potential for synergism between dietary components. Hence, the effects of dietary patterns on breast cancer have recently attracted increasing attention.ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of dietary patterns on breast cancer risk, prognosis, and quality of life in survivors.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. Data from Ovid, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, CNKI, PubMed, Weipu, The Cochrane Library, Duxiu Data, ProQuest, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus Database were retrieved and evaluated.ResultsA total of 47 studies that investigated the association between eating patterns and breast cancer were identified. Ten studies evaluated the effect of the model on treatment outcome and prognosis of breast cancer and two cross-sectional studies examined the influence of dietary patterns on quality of life. The resulting favorable dietary patterns were shown to regulate metabolic biomarkers, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and protective genes, and inhibit cell proliferation and invasion.ConclusionNumerous studies have examined the effects of healthy eating, plant-based, anti-inflammation, low-fat, and other favorable dietary patterns in relation to breast cancer. However, few studies reported significant associations and the studies had limitations, suggesting that the current findings should be interpreted with caution.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD4202 2350171.
Feasibility and acceptability of self-collection of Human Papillomavirus samples for primary cervical cancer screening on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Mitchell Emma McKim , Hall Katherine M. , Doede Aubrey , Rong Anneda , McLean Estrada Michelet , Granera Orlando Benito , Maldonado Francisco , Al Kallas Hala , Bravo-Rodriguez Cassandra , Forero Mariana , Pokam Tchuisseu Yolande , Dillingham Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCervical cancer is the primary cause of cancer death for women in Nicaragua, despite being highly preventable through vaccination against high-risk genotypes of the Human Papillomavirus (hrHPV), screening for hrHPV, and early detection of lesions. Despite technological advances designed to increase access to screening in low resource settings, barriers to increasing population-level screening coverage persist. On the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, only 59% of women have received one lifetime screen, compared to 78.6% of eligible women living on the Pacific and in the Interior. In concordance with the WHO’s call for best practices to eliminate cervical cancer, we explored the feasibility and acceptability of self-collection of samples for hrHPV testing on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua through a multi-year, bi-national, community-based mixed methods study.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2019, focus groups (n=25), key informant interviews (n=12) [phase I] and an environmental scan [phase II] were conducted on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua in partnership and collaboration with long-term research partners at the University of Virginia and community-based organizations. In spring 2020, underscreened women on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua were recruited and screened for hrHPV, with the choice of clinician collection or self-collection of samples.ResultsOver the course of the study, providers and potential patients expressed significant acceptability of self-collection of samples as a strategy to reduce barriers currently contributing to the low rates of screening (phases I and II). Ultimately 99.16% (n=1,767) of women chose to self-collect samples, demonstrating a high level of acceptability of self-collection in this pilot sample (phase III). Similarly, focus groups, key informant interviews, and the environmental scan (phases I and II) of resources indicated critical considerations for feasibility of implementation of both HPV primary screening and subsequently, self-collection of samples. Through phase III, we piloted hrHPV screening (n=1,782), with a 19.25% hrHPV positivity rate.ConclusionSelf-collection of samples for hrHPV testing demonstrated high acceptability and feasibility. Through concerted effort at the local, regional, and national levels, this project supported capacity building in reporting, monitoring, and surveilling cervical cancer screening across the continuum of cervical cancer control.
Reconstructive complications and early toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with proton-based postmastectomy radiation therapy
Authors: Sayan Mutlay , Hathout Lara , Kilic Sarah S. , Jan Imraan , Gilles Ambroise , Hassell Natalie , Kowzun Maria , George Mridula , Potdevin Lindsay , Kumar Shicha , Sinkin Jeremy , Agag Richard , Haffty Bruce G. , Ohri Nisha 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPostmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) decreases the risk of locoregional recurrence and increases overall survival rates in patients with high-risk node positive breast cancer. While the number of breast cancer patients treated with proton-based PMRT has increased in recent years, there is limited data on the use of proton therapy in the postmastectomy with reconstruction setting. In this study, we compared acute toxicities and reconstructive complications in patients treated with proton-based and photon-based PMRT.MethodsA retrospective review of our institutional database was performed to identify breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy with implant or autologous reconstruction followed by PMRT from 2015 to 2020. Baseline clinical, disease, and treatment related factors were compared between the photon-based and proton-based PMRT groups. Early toxicity outcomes and reconstructive complications following PMRT were graded by the treating physician.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with proton-based PMRT and 26 patients treated with photon-based PMRT were included with a median follow-up of 7.4 months (range, 0.7-33 months). Six patients (55%) in the proton group had a history of breast cancer (3 ipsilateral and 3 contralateral) and received previous RT 38 months ago (median, range 7-85). There was no significant difference in mean PMRT (p = 0.064) and boost dose (p = 0.608) between the two groups. Grade 2 skin toxicity was the most common acute toxicity in both groups (55% and 73% in the proton and photon group, respectively) (p = 0.077). Three patients (27%) in the proton group developed grade 3 skin toxicity. No Grade 4 acute toxicity was reported in either group. Reconstructive complications occurred in 4 patients (36%) in the proton group and 8 patients (31%) in photon group (p = 0.946).ConclusionsAcute skin toxicity remains the most frequent adverse event in both proton- and photon-based PMRT. In our study, reconstructive complications were not significantly higher in patients treated with proton- versus photon-based PMRT. Longer follow-up is warranted to assess late toxicities.
A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of the antibiotic treatment courses in AECOPD
Authors: Yu Haichuan , Lei Ting , Su Xiaojie , Zhang Lu , Feng Zhouzhou , Chen Xinlong , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2023

Background: No consensus exists on the antibiotic treatment course for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Former studies indicate that shorter courses might have the same efficacy with fewer adverse events, which is inconsistent with guidelines and general practice. Existing evidence allows us to conduct a systematic review and Bayesian analysis on this topic.Methods: Four databases were searched from their inception to January 5, 2023. All statistical estimations were performed using R. “Gemtc” was the core package of analysis. CINeMA was used to assess the grade of confidence of the results.Results: Fourteen studies were included in the Bayesian meta-analysis. No difference in the clinical success rate of antibiotic treatment was observed from a super short course (1–3 days) to a long course (≥10 days). Considering the adverse events, the short course (4–6 days) might be the safest. The majority of results were of high or moderate confidence grade.Conclusion: Short course might cause the fewest adverse events. The clinical efficacy of antibiotics might not depend on the course length. Undeniably, more systematic explorations are warranted to investigate the clinical application of a shorter course of antibiotic treatment.
Development and application of a novel cervical lymph collection method to assess lymphatic transport in rats
Authors: Hoang Thu A. , Cao Enyuan , Gracia Gracia , Nicolazzo Joseph A. , Trevaskis Natalie L. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Fluids, solutes and immune cells have been demonstrated to drain from the brain and surrounding structures to the cervical lymph vessels and nodes in the neck via meningeal lymphatics, nasal lymphatics and/or lymphatic vessels associated with cranial nerves. A method to cannulate the efferent cervical lymph duct for continuous cervical lymph fluid collection in rodents has not been described previously and would assist in evaluating the transport of molecules and immune cells from the head and brain via the lymphatics, as well as changes in lymphatic transport and lymph composition with different physiological challenges or diseases.Aim: To develop a novel method to cannulate and continuously collect lymph fluid from the cervical lymph duct in rats and to analyze the protein, lipid and immune cell composition of the collected cervical lymph fluid.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated at the carotid artery with or without cannulation or ligation at the cervical lymph duct. Samples of blood, whole lymph and isolated lipoprotein fractions of lymph were collected and analyzed for lipid and protein composition using commercial kits. Whole lymph samples were centrifuged and isolated pellets were stained and processed for flow cytometry analysis of CD3+, CD4+, CD8a+, CD45R+ (B220) and viable cell populations.Results: Flow rate, phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol and protein concentrations in cervical lymph were 0.094 ± 0.014 mL/h, 0.34 ± 0.10, 0.30 ± 0.04, 0.07 ± 0.02, 0.02 ± 0.01 and 16.78 ± 2.06 mg/mL, respectively. Protein was mostly contained within the non-lipoprotein fraction but all lipoprotein types were also present. Flow cytometry analysis of cervical lymph showed that 67.1 ± 7.4% of cells were CD3+/CD4+ T lymphocytes, 5.8 ± 1.6% of cells were CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, and 10.8 ± 4.6% of cells were CD3-/CD45R+ B lymphocytes. The remaining 16.3 ± 4.6% cells were CD3-/CD45- and identified as non-lymphocytes.Conclusion: Our novel cervical lymph cannulation method enables quantitative analysis of the lymphatic transport of immune cells and molecules in the cervical lymph of rats for the first time. This valuable tool will enable more detailed quantitative analysis of changes to cervical lymph composition and transport in health and disease, and could be a valuable resource for discovery of biomarkers or therapeutic targets in future studies.