bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Prasad Mona , Saade George R. , Clifton Rebecca G. , Sandoval Grecio J. , Hughes Brenna L. , Reddy Uma M. , Bartholomew Anna , Salazar Ashley , Chien Edward K. , Tita Alan T. N. , Thorp John M. , Metz Torri D. , Wapner Ronald J. , Sabharwal Vishakha , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Swamy Geeta K. , Heyborne Kent D. , Sibai Baha M. , Grobman William A. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Casey Brian M. , Parry Samuel , Rathore Mobeen , Diaz-Velasco Rodrigo , Puga Ana M. , Wiznia Andrew , Kovacs Andrea , Garry David J. , Macones George A. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network*
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the rate of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, to identify risk factors for perinatal transmission of HCV infection, and to determine the viremic threshold for perinatal transmission.

METHODS:
This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study of pregnant individuals at less than 24 weeks of gestation screened for HCV infection from 2012 to 2018 in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Individuals found to be HCV antibody–positive were followed throughout pregnancy. Children were followed for evidence of perinatal transmission at 2–6 months (HCV RNA testing) and at 18–24 months (HCV RNA and antibody testing) of life. The primary outcome was perinatal transmission, defined as positive test results at either follow-up time point.

RESULTS:
A total of 109,379 individuals were screened for HCV infection. Of the 1,224 participants who screened positive, 772 (63.1%) enrolled and 432 of those 772 (56.0%) had data available to assess primary outcome. The overall rate of perinatal transmission was 6.0% (26/432, 95% CI 4.0–8.7%). All children with HCV infection were born to individuals with demonstrable viremia. In viremic participants (n=314), the perinatal transmission rate was 8.0% (95% CI 5.2–11.5%). Risk factors for perinatal transmission included HCV RNA greater than 106 international units/mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.22, 95% CI 3.16–21.4) and vaginal bleeding reported at any time before delivery (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 1.32–8.03). A viremic threshold for perinatal transmission could not be established.

CONCLUSION:
Perinatal transmission of HCV infection was limited to viremic individuals. High viral loads and antepartum bleeding were associated with perinatal transmission.
Toward a Listening Training Paradigm: Evaluation in Normal-Hearing Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Van Wilderode Mira , Van Humbeeck Nathan , Krampe Ralf T. , van Wieringen Astrid 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Adults’ most common complaint relates to understanding speech in noisy environments. Hearing aids can compensate for sensory loss but do not restore hearing to normal. Listening training has the potential to partially remediate these problems. In this study, we propose and evaluate a Flemish version of a listening training paradigm, which involves the use of cognitive control as well as auditory perception. The paradigm entails a discrimination task where participants are cued to attend to one of two concurrent talkers with target speakers randomly varying between a female and a male voice. We evaluate learning effects, different scenarios, and masking types.

Design:
In total, 70 young and 54 middle-aged adults participated in this study. Each adult performed one or more conditions. Participants’ hearing was screened before participation, all middle-aged adults passed a cognitive screening task.

Results:
Analyses indicated learning effects across scenarios that were similar in terms of speech intelligibility. Our results indicated better speech intelligibility when the female speaker was the target, but speech intelligibility did not differ when the target was the male speaker. An unintelligible masker noise results in worse speech intelligibility than a competing talker masker. Our results suggest that listeners could use an intensity cue to identify and/or select the target speaker when presented at a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR). Error analysis suggested higher cognitive control demands when the target and masker were presented at similar levels (i.e., around 0 dB SNR). The addition of independent trials with the intensity of target and masker reversed improved speech intelligibility. Inhibitory control, but not task switching, was reliably correlated with listening performance.

Conclusions:
The proposed paradigm turned out to be feasible and practicable, demonstrating its potential for training speech intelligibility in noise. We believe that this training paradigm can generate real-life benefits including for persons with hearing loss. This latter application awaits future evaluation.
Ophthalmic manifestations of tuberculosis
Authors: Bates Brandon , Crowell Eric L. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
To evaluate the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathology of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB). Utilizing these basic science concepts, the reader will discover how MTB can cause disease in any part of ophthalmic system. This article will aid clinicians in establishing the difficult diagnosis and management strategies for ophthalmic tuberculosis (OTB).

Recent findings
Recently, expert panels have reached a consensus on naming conventions and treatment strategies for the variety of ocular tuberculosis (TB). This consensus helps individual clinicians decide when to recommend full anti-TB treatment.

Summary
Globally, TB is nearly ubiquitous in the human population. It is most recognized for its pulmonary disease, but pathology of nearly every structure of the ophthalmic system has been identified. This heterogeneity makes establishing a diagnosis difficult, but recent improvements in expert panel naming consensus and nucleic acid amplification tests are improving diagnostic abilities. Clinicians are now feeling more confident with prescribing anti-TB regimens, but ongoing questions regarding the use of oral steroids and risk of medication-induced ocular toxicity remain.
Intraoperative phacoemulsification tip fracture
Authors: Kumar Ameeta , Toia Diana-Maria , Khan Sharmina 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Intraoperative instrument fractures pose a serious risk during cataract surgery through the retention of metallic foreign bodies and subsequent injury to intraocular structures.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
An 83-year-old woman underwent phacoemulsification and insertion of an intraocular lens, during which an intraoperative phacoemulsification tip fracture was encountered during quadrant removal.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcome:
A thorough examination of the operative field revealed the broken tip fragment in the drape bag, with no intraocular fragments. The surgery was completed with a replacement phacoemulsification probe without issues, and the patient made an uneventful recovery.

Conclusions:
Early diagnosis and management after instrument breakage are necessary to prevent the retention of metallic foreign bodies.
Revisiting the Cephalic Index: The Origin, Purpose, and Current Applicability—A Narrative Review
Authors: Fish Deanna , Hinton Christina , Barrios Amy 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cephalometry is the measurement and study of the proportions of the head and face, and infant skull deformities have been the subject of many clinical studies over the last 30 years. Clinical protocols to document change are especially critical during periods of growth and development, but reference values and norms are lacking for infants, especially in the first year after birth.

Discussion
Key publications were reviewed by the authors to provide a narrative review of the 1) origin of the cephalic index (CI), 2) adaptations of the measure over time, 3) anatomical landmarks and alignments used, 4) clinical tools, 5) necessary considerations for different ethnic, sex, and cultural influences, 6) value and limitations of CI measurements, and 7) appropriate use of the CI in the documentation of infant skull deformities. The CI calculation has remained constant since the 1840s, although the cranial shape classifications have changed many times over the years.

Conclusions
Used in isolation, the two-dimensional (2D) and linear nature of the CI fails to describe the magnitude of the three-dimensional (3D) head deformity. However, the CI can and should be used in conjunction with other 2D and 3D measurements to provide a more detailed description and understanding of the entire cranial deformity. For today's cranial clinicians and allied health care professionals, the commonly referenced CI chart fails to reflect 1) the natural skull changes noted with supine sleeping infants, and 2) the cultural diversity of the infant population currently treated. Although the CI provides information about one of the most obvious features of the dysmorphology, clinicians must also document and report other distinct features such as frontal flattening or bossing, parietal shape or involvement, sloping, displacement, and/or posterior asymmetry.

Clinical Relevance
The CI should be used in conjunction with other 2D and 3D anthropometric measurements to provide a more detailed assessment of the entire cranial deformity. The CI results should be discussed with the medical team along with a complete review of other 2D and 3D measurements to determine the best course of action for orthotic treatment or nontreatment of the head shape.
Acute pancreatitis in children: risk factors, management, and outcomes
Authors: Mehta Megha S. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Pediatric acute pancreatitis is an infrequent but potentially serious condition in children. Most have mild cases with spontaneous resolution, but up to one-third of patients can have moderate or severe disease or progress to recurrent or chronic pancreatitis.

Recent findings
Significant advances have been made in the field of pediatric pancreatology with a recognition that pediatric acute pancreatitis can vary significantly from adult disease with different risk factors and outcomes. There is better understanding of appropriate management for pediatric pancreatitis as well as growing literature in complications of pancreatitis.

Summary
The most common risk factors for pediatric acute pancreatitis include biliary disease, drug/toxin and idiopathic. Management involves adequate fluid resuscitation, early enteral nutrition and appropriate pain control. Systemic and local complications, including SIRS, necrosis and fluid collections, can occur in up to one-third of patients and care is largely supportive with a careful step-up approach to fluid collections and necrosis.
Project to Publication—A Writing Mentorship Program
Authors: Harne-Britner Sarah , Leaver Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose/Aims
Evidence is required to inform effective interventions promoting publication among clinical nurses. This study examined the effect of a mentored writing program on clinical nurse perceptions of writerly self-efficacy and publication.

Design
A mixed-methods, pretest-posttest study design with an education intervention was implemented. The Revised for Nursing Practice - Postsecondary Writerly Self-efficacy Scale (RNP-PSWSES) measured perception of writerly self-efficacy before and after intervention. Manuscripts submitted for publication were counted.

Methods
The purposive, convenience sample included registered nurses with completed research, evidence-based practice, or quality improvement projects. Subjects participated in a 3-month structured mentored writing program and completed the RNP-PSWSES survey before and after program completion. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to determine the significance of difference between the pretest and posttest, and the number of published manuscripts was reported.

Results
The RNP-PSWSES items identified pretest-posttest Cronbach's α (.728, .818). Posttest RNP-PSWSES scores were statistically significantly higher than pretest scores (z = −1.96, P = .050) with a large effect size of r = 0.69. Two manuscripts were accepted for publication, and 1 manuscript was withdrawn after the third request for revisions.

Conclusions
In this study, mentored writing workshops improve nurses' perceptions of writing ability and increase publications. Generalization of findings is limited by small sample size. Clinical nurse specialists are critical to champion writing and publication.
Credentialed and Privileged Clinical Nurse Specialists
Authors: Iseler Jackeline , Long Taylor , Barach Melissa , McClelland Molly L. , Saunders Mitzi M. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose/Objectives
The purpose of this article is to illustrate, using exemplars, the practice of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) in Michigan who are credentialed and privileged as providers by hospital/healthcare agencies to practice in acute inpatient and ambulatory settings.

Description
The CNS provides expert specialty direct patient care to improve patient outcomes. They hold a graduate degree as a CNS, are professionally certified as a CNS in a specialty practice population, and are licensed or otherwise recognized to practice as an advanced practice nurse by the state nursing practice regulatory agency.

Outcome
The exemplars illustrate CNS practice as an independent provider within a health system.

Conclusion
Hospital-based credentialing and privileging facilitates CNS practice within the full scope of practice authority that consists of education, certification, and licensure and is a valuable contribution to cost-effective, high-quality clinical care for specialty populations.
Decreasing the Frequency of Nursing Assessment for Medically Stable Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Nelson Jessica L. , Chambers Stephanie P. , Brakke Holly E. , Hus Jessica H. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose/Objectives
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large Midwest tertiary care medical center had prolonged hospitalizations due to strained staffing and few options for post–acute care recovery. Patients deemed medically ready for discharge were receiving the same care interventions as all other hospitalized medical-surgical patients. The study objective was to appropriately match care assessment frequency for these patients with their individual needs by reducing the frequency of routine nursing assessments.

Description of the Project/Program
This quality improvement initiative reduced the frequency of nursing assessments, including routine monitoring of vital signs, to once daily for medically stable patients whose discharge was delayed.

Outcome
During the 4-week pilot, 40 hospitalized patients were enrolled; 960 assessments were eliminated, and nurses were able to reallocate approximately 500 hours to other nursing tasks. No adverse outcomes were observed among patients who received once-daily assessment.

Conclusion
By decreasing nursing assessment frequency for hospitalized patients with discharge delays, nurses appropriately matched care interventions with the patient's needs.
Medical management of cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Chiodini Peter L. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis for which humans are dead end hosts. It is not only widely distributed in sheep rearing areas of low-income and middle-income countries but also has a significant presence in wealthy countries, for example, in Europe. It results in considerable morbidity, and its current management is far from optimal. Medical management is with a benzimidazole, with the addition of praziquantel under some circumstances.

Recent findings
Interest in mebendazole as an anticancer drug has stimulated research into new drug formulations to improve bioavailability and possibly reduce inter-individual variability in in-vivo drug levels, which may help its activity against cystic echinococcosis. Further evidence to support administration of albendazole with a fatty meal has been provided. GlaxoSmithKilne (GSK) has agreed to extend its albendazole donation programme to include echinococcosis. The search for new drugs has focussed on natural products, such as essential oils and on repurposing of existing drugs licensed for human use against other conditions.

Summary
The medical treatment of cystic echinococcosis remains sorely neglected, with no new drugs for almost 40 years. We need a better understanding of how to use the drugs we do have, whilst seeking new ones. Drug repurposing may be the best pathway.
Cystic echinococcosis of the bone
Authors: Monge-Maillo Begoña , Lopez-Velez Rogelio 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a wide world distribution causing important morbidity. Osseous involvement is present in less than 4% of the CE cases. Its diagnosis and therapeutic management is full of challenges and low grade of evidence.

Recent findings
The study summarizes literature evidence on the management of osseous CE with particular emphasis on new data regarding diagnosis and treatment.

Summary
Clinical presentation of osseous CE depends on the skeletal area affected. Diagnosis is mostly based on radiological findings and serology. Recent advances with qPCR on osseous tissue samples seem to be a good option for diagnosis confirmation. Complete resection of the cystic lesion is the only curative option, but it is usually not possible performing palliative surgery and prolonged albendazole intake in most cases. Radiotherapy could be an option, but experience to date is only based on clinical cases.
The Role of Nursing Staff Regarding Goal Setting and Achieving in Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Vaalburg Anne Marie , Wattel Elizabeth M. , Boersma Petra , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Gobbens Robbert J. J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore and clarify the role of nursing staff in geriatric rehabilitation on supporting patients in goal setting and achieving, through reflecting on rehabilitation interventions.

Design
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted.

Methods
We conducted four online focus group interviews with 23 members of the nursing staff working in geriatric rehabilitation. They reflected on six interventions, preclassified into three types: setting goals in the admission phase, increasing patient participation in order to personalize the rehabilitation trajectory, and supporting patients in working on short-term goals. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results
Setting goals in the admission phase is primarily the task of the multidisciplinary team rather than the nursing staff. Interventions to increase patient participation align with the coordinating role of nursing staff in the rehabilitation team. Working on short-term goals is of great value to patients.

Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing
The connection between the patient’s personal goals and professional treatment aimed at functional recovery can be enhanced by strengthening the position of nursing staff working in geriatric rehabilitation.

Conclusion
Members of nursing staff in geriatric rehabilitation see themselves playing a coordinating role in the multidisciplinary team, supporting the patient in goal work. Interventions aimed at advancing patient participation and providing support for short-term goals reinforce this role.
Posterior Nasal Septal Abscess Detected During Evaluation of Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Bae Seong Yoon 
Published: August 2023

Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare, life-threatening condition that commonly originates from sinusitis. Posterior nasal septal abscess (NSA) is an extremely rare cause of septic CST because it is a very rare condition by itself. Here we report a rare case involving an elderly woman with septic CST associated with a posterior NSA that was successfully treated without any sequelae. Incision and drainage of the posterior NSA were performed under local anesthesia, and the nasal packing was removed 2 days postoperatively. Pus from the abscess was sent for culture and sensitivity analyses, which revealed Enterococcus faecium. She was treated with intravenous (IV) third-generation cephalosporin (2 g twice daily) and IV vancomycin (0.75 g twice daily) for 4 weeks. IV low–molecular-weight heparin was administered at a dose of 40 mg twice daily for 4 days, followed by warfarin (3 mg once a day) for 21 days. The patient was discharged without any sequelae after 4 weeks. At the 2-month follow-up, she did not complain of any further symptoms. The findings from this case suggest that clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and provide prompt treatment to prevent mortality and morbidity associated with septic CST.
An update on Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Straub Volker , Guglieri Michela 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarise the recent developments in trial readiness, natural history studies, and interventional clinical trials for Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).

Recent findings
As several treatment concepts have claimed to convert patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) into a BMD phenotype, BMD itself has moved into the focus of clinical research. Natural history studies have helped to better characterize patients with BMD and the disease is now a target for interventional trials. In parallel, there have been advances in diagnostics and in the development of preclinical models.

Summary
Despite increased collaborative efforts to improve trial readiness amongst patients with BMD, there is still a lack of long-term natural history data, and the broad spectrum of disease severity remains a challenge for well designed clinical trials.