bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ships as Communication Vessels: Photographic Travels into the Polynesian Sea
Authors: Parak Gisela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Beginning in 1889, Emperor Wilhelm ii of the German Empire intensified shipbuilding in order to secure the German Empire colonies around the globe, including the colony of ‘Deutschland-Neuguinea’. This article investigates the ship as a vessel of transcultural communication in the conflicting histories of German colonialism. On the one hand, ships encountered foreign territories, and expanded German trade markets, while simultaneously prompting curiosity to learn about foreign and ‘exotic’ cultures. On the other hand, a belief in Western superiority that led to massive repression of indigenous people cast a shadow over the process of getting to know ‘the other’. Sailors not only implemented the Empire’s seek for new territories and maintained colonial ‘order’ in occupied countries, but also led to a second blossoming of travel photography. Taking up the ‘Kodakification’ of the world, understood as growing accessibility of different camera types, seamen acted as amateur photographers and brought home a kaleidoscope of impressions of the outer rims of the empire. This article discusses the photographic travel albums of crewmembers of the German gunboat S.M.S. Bussard in the collection of the German Maritime Museum Bremerhaven. The seamen’s photographic perspective created a specific visual commemoration of German colonialism on the intersection of love of travel and the concept of white supremacy. In this regard, the battleship steamer S.M.S. Bussard serves as a conflicted medium, in that it enabled transcultural contact, but most importantly was used as a military weapon to defeat the indigenous’ uprising against Western colonialization.
Long Middle Ages and Shamanism in Colonial Spanish America: The Case of the Toad kururu in the Jesuit Guaraní Missions
Authors: Brignon Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Throughout colonial Spanish America, the missionaries recreated a moralized bestiary drawn from medieval referents and applied to the fauna of the New World. This was the case of the cane toad, kururu (Rhinella diptycha), which was assimilated with the European common toad (Bufo bufo) in the Jesuit missions of Paraguay. In this context, it was used to speed up Lent confessions, embody the Christian concept of lust, and counteract the influence of shamans. This exemplary use of the toad was applied throughout the continent and triggered a paradoxical revival of shamanism, as demonstrated by sources in Guaraní, Nahuatl, and Quechua studied in a long-term perspective.
De Spiritualiteit van het Christelijk Oosten
Authors: van der Aalst A.J. 
Published: April 2023

La spiritualité de l’Orient chrétien: I Les premiers temps
Dans une série d’articles, l’auteur veut donner une esquisse de la spiritualité de l’Orient chrétien. Ce premier article traite de la spiritualité des premiers temps. Chez des auteurs de langue grecque et syriaque il étudie brièvement certaines notions importantes comme: la vie nouvelle et la voie de la vie, l’eschatologie stricte et mitigée, la morale et la mystique, le martyre et la virginité, la gnose et ses conséquences. D’une part, l’étude de ces points saillants montre que la cohésion et le système dans l’attitude spirituelle font encore défaut et que certains termes comme ascèse, contemplation, extase, hesychia y soot absents ou ont peu de relief. D’autre part, les notions étudiées gardent leur importance dans la spiritualité ultérieure. Dans cette spiritualité première et ancienne on constate une certaine fraîcheur et de l’enthousiasme, mais aussi une étroitesse et un rigorisme assez prononcés. Au rythme des expériences l’eschatologie stricte et le rigorisme moral seront mitigés et la spiritualité deviendra plus large et plus ouverte.
De Spiritualiteit van het Christelijk Oosten
Authors: van der Aalst A.J. 
Published: April 2023

The spirituality of the Christian East: V The Russian spirituality
This fifth article on the spirituality of Eastern Christianity deals with Russian spirituality. A special treatment of this subject seems justified owing to the extent of material and its characteristics. A major subject is the connection between spirituality and culture. The first part of the article considers the rich legacy from Byzantium and the particular influence of monasticism in Kiev, and of that in the North (Sergius, Joseph of Volokolamsk , Nil Sorsky). It then describes how the tradition was continued through the renewal by Paisy Velichkovsky. The second part exami nes the alienation caused by the influence of the West since the beginning of the 18th century. The western influence is partly assimilated and this leads to a more open rich culture, in which the spirituality is widened and lay people play a more important part than the monks. Long suffering and meekness are emphasized as characteristics of the Russian people. But at the same time the western influence causes a deep alienation from religion , which explodes into a vehement hostility towards all religiousness. This leads to the third part of the article, which looks at the possible renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century and at the actual revolution. After 1917 the official church nor the monasteries were able to keep spirituality alive, but the writings of some dissidents and the liturgy preserved a breath of life. Since the elation about the recovery of freedom, Christianity has shared the general con fusion, although some streaks of hope do pierce the twilight.
Effect of Cold-Water Irrigation on the Coblation Site for Post-Tonsillectomy Pain: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Liu Mo , He Xiaolin , Fan Zhitong , He Shuai , Ge Xinying , Ren Yuanyuan , Xia Fei , Wang Ningyu , Xu Cong , Li Zufei 
Published: April 2023

Objective To explore the effect of cold-water irrigation on post-tonsillectomy pain after coblation. Methods Data from 61 adult patients who underwent coblation tonsillectomy in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected, and the patients were randomly divided into the cold-water irrigation group (Group 1) and the room-temperature irrigation group (Group 2). Group 1 was irrigated with ice water mixed saline with the help of a pressure band, and Group 2 was irrigated with room-temperature saline. During the operation, we monitored the temperature of the operating cavity in real time. We recorded the postoperative pain for 11 consecutive days from the day and the 10th day after the operation. Results The postoperative pain score was significantly lower than that in Group 2, except on the 2nd, 3rd and 7th and 8th days after the operation. Conclusion The perfusion of cold water during coblation tonsillectomy is helpful to reduce postoperative pain.
The New Millennium Family Functioning and Health of Generation Z: From a Socioconstructivist Perspective
Authors: Sharma Saumya , Singh Seema , Kumar Navin 
Published: April 2023

Background: From whichever culture a family belongs to, scientific evidence shows the role of family functioning and relationships on the child’s health and well-being. A family can either be a source of an issue or a resource for preventing the problem, especially in a diverse country like India. The foremost step to understanding these aspects is to develop an awareness of the transitional nature of family functioning in the new millennium. Objectives: The study proposes to explore the dynamics of family functioning from the conceptualization of parents of Generation Z and intents to analyze the subsequent outcomes on the health of children and adolescents, presenting it as qualitative network construction. Methods: Rich descriptive data was collected from 60 parents by a semi-structured interview schedule consisting of 4 predecided questions. The analyses were done by ATLAS.ti7 version 7.5.16, Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS). Results: As an upshot, 2 structural networks were constructed. One network depicts the 3 aspects of family functioning, cohesion, flexibility, and communication, studied according to Indian families of the new millennium. The psychological, socioemotional, and physical impact of the functioning accumulated in the second network. The study revealed the underlying aspects, the level, and quality of all the 3 dimensions and the thought-provoking aftermath for Generation Z. Conclusion: The study offers intriguing information about the Indian family functioning of the new millennium and its descriptive association with the health of children and adolescents.
Clinical Profile of Patients Visiting a Private Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic in Delhi
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Sengupta Nabanita 
Published: April 2023

Background: Mental disorders continue to be a concern for everyone as the prevalence rate of disorders varies from study to study and sample to sample. As most of the statistics come from Government setups in India, data from private psychiatric clinics/setups are missing. Aim: The current study puts forth the data from a private psychiatric child and adolescent center located in New Delhi, India. Method: The data from approximately 15 years (2004-2019) were extracted from the record files and analyzed for the most prevalent disorders among different age groups of children and adolescents. Results: ASD and ADHD were found to be most prevalent among others along with multiple diagnoses. Most of the patients who visited the setup were from Delhi NCR only.
Exploring community perspectives on the impacts of COVID-19 on food security and food sovereignty in Nunavut communities
Authors: Horlick Sidney , Chatwood Susan 
Published: April 2023

Background: In Nunavut, where 70% of children are food insecure, many households rely on school breakfast or community food programmes for nourishment. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting policies to reduce the spread of the disease have the potential to exacerbate existing issues, including increasing food insecurity in households. Funding programmes were implemented to limit the impact of public-health measures on household and community food security. The overall effects of the actions are not yet understood. Methods: This project used a qualitative approach to examine the determinants of food security and sovereignty and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic policy responses on these determinants in Arviat and Iqaluit. Narrative analysis applied within a relational epistemology was used to describe the experiences of community members in Iqaluit and Arviat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Seven participants were interviewed in Iqaluit ( n=3) and Arviat ( n=4). Key themes included the importance of decolonisation for food sovereignty, the importance of food sharing to communities and the resilience of communities during COVID-19. Community members wished to see greater support and strengthening of the country (locally harvested) food economy to increase knowledge of food and harvesting skill, and for communities to find ways to reach residents who may fall through the cracks during times of need or crisis. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to document Nunavummiut experiences and perspectives of food security and sovereignty in Arviat and Iqaluit during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Poor health status before the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with unfavourable changes in health-related lifestyle
Authors: Jääskeläinen Tuija , Sääksjärvi Katri , Pietilä Arto , Männistö Satu , Kaartinen Niina E , Lundqvist Annamari , Koskinen Seppo , Koponen Päivikki 
Published: April 2023

Aims: The effects of COVID-19 containment measures on health-related lifestyle have been both favourable and unfavourable for health. Factors predisposing to unfavourable changes are still poorly known. In this short communication, we aimed to examine which socioeconomic and health-related factors predicted unfavourable lifestyle changes based on data from the same individuals before (2017) the pandemic and during the second wave (2020) of the pandemic in Finland. Methods: This individual-level follow-up study was based on a nationally representative, two-stage stratified cluster sample of Finnish adults from the FinHealth 2017 Study, conducted in Spring 2017, and its follow-up survey, conducted in Autumn 2020. A total of 3834 men and women aged 25–69 years at baseline had information of selected lifestyle factors (vegetable consumption, leisure-time physical activity, sleeping problems and nightmares) available at both time points. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for unfavourable lifestyle changes (yes/no) according to socioeconomic and health-related factors were calculated using logistic regression models taking into account the sampling design and non-response. Results: We found that those having poor health (i.e. psychological distress, poor self-rated health or chronic diseases) or disadvantaged socioeconomic background before the pandemic were prone to unfavourable lifestyle changes during the follow-up. Conclusions: Observed unfavourable lifestyle changes in vulnerable population groups may accelerate health inequalities. Targeted health promotion actions are needed to prevent this unfavourable development.
Diaphragmatic Breathing and Performance Anxiety in Dental Students
Authors: Pastan Christina D. , Eisen Steven , Finkelman Matthew , White Robyn , Pagni Sarah , Kugel Gerard 
Published: April 2023

Purpose/Objectives. The aims of this study were to assess first-year dental students’ attitudes and perceptions of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) and compare students with and without performance anxiety in terms of their attitudes and perceptions of DB. Methods. A lecture discussing a DB technique was presented to 195 students in the Operative Dentistry course at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine. Post-lecture, a 10-question survey was distributed and addressed students’ attitudes and perceptions towards DB and its potential impact in dental school, personal lives, and future careers. Results. Of the 81 surveys completed, 44 students (54%) reported having heard of DB previously; 59 (73%) reported they experience performance anxiety. Seventy-two students (89%) reported thinking that practicing DB will benefit them as practicing dentists; 71 (88%) reported they would use it if stressed in everyday life. Seventy-six (94%) reported they would be interested in using the technique before a competency exam. Students reporting performance anxiety expressed significantly greater agreement that DB is a valuable coping tool ( P = .016) and willingness to participate in DB before an Operative Dentistry competency exam ( P = .018). Conclusions. Teaching diaphragmatic breathing to first-year dental students may provide them with a valuable coping tool to mitigate stress and anxiety.
Time for change? Radiologists highly concordant assessing change in stenoses on follow-up cervical spine MRI
Authors: Costello Justin E , Shah Lubdha M , Peckham Miriam E , Stilwill Sarah E , Safazadeh Ghazaleh , Hutchins Troy A 
Published: April 2023

Objective There is considerable variability among radiologists when grading spinal canal and foraminal stenosis on MRI. However, to date, studies have not evaluated radiologists’ agreement when assessing interval change in cervical spine stenoses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiologists’ concordance for change in cervical spine stenoses on follow-up MRIs, a major indication for these exams. Methods Initial and follow-up cervical MRIs were retrospectively reviewed by three blinded radiologists. Spinal canal and foramina from C1 through T1 were rated for interval change and concordance between the blinded raters was calculated. The original MRI reports were also reviewed for specific language assessing interval change on the follow-up exams. Results 40 cervical MRI exams and 40 corresponding MRI follow-ups were assessed. Agreement for interval change in spinal canal and foraminal stenosis was near perfect amongst all readers (kappa values of 0.78–0.94). 97% of the original MRI reports used the standard severity scale. 68% of follow-up MRI reports specifically assessed for change. Discussion Blinded radiologists had high agreement when assessing for change in spinal canal and foraminal stenosis on follow-up cervical spine MRIs. Because of inter-rater variability in stenosis grading, reports that do not emphasize change assessment, may imply change that is not truly present. For clarity and consistency in reporting of cervical spine stenoses, change assessment should be emphasized and added to structured reporting templates.
Validation of the qSOFA and CRB-65 in SARS-CoV-2-infected community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Richter Tina , Tesch Falko , Schmitt Jochen , Koschel Dirk , Kolditz Martin 
Published: April 2023

RationalePrognostic accuracy of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and CRB-65 (confusion, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age (≥65 years)) risk scores have not been widely evaluated in patients with SARS-CoV-2-positive compared to SARS-CoV-2-negative community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of the present study was to validate the qSOFA(-65) and CRB-65 scores in a large cohort of SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative CAP patients.MethodsWe included all cases with CAP hospitalised in 2020 from the German nationwide mandatory quality assurance programme and compared cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection to cases without. We excluded cases with unclear SARS-CoV-2 infection state, transferred to another hospital or on mechanical ventilation during admission. Predefined outcomes were hospital mortality and need for mechanical ventilation.ResultsAmong 68 594 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, hospital mortality (22.7%) and mechanical ventilation (14.9%) were significantly higher when compared to 167 880 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (15.7% and 9.2%, respectively). All CRB-65 and qSOFA criteria were associated with both outcomes, and age dominated mortality prediction in SARS-CoV-2 (risk ratio >9). Scores including the age criterion had higher area under the curve (AUCs) for mortality in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (e.g.CRB-65 AUC 0.76) compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative patients (AUC 0.68), and negative predictive value was highest for qSOFA-65=0 (98.2%). Sensitivity for mechanical ventilation prediction was poor with all scores (AUCs 0.59–0.62), and negative predictive values were insufficient (qSOFA-65=0 missed 1490 out of 10 198 patients (∼15%) with mechanical ventilation). Results were similar when excluding frail and palliative patients.ConclusionsHospital mortality and mechanical ventilation rates were higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive than SARS-CoV-2-negative CAP. For SARS-CoV-2-positive CAP, the CRB-65 and qSOFA-65 scores showed adequate prediction of mortality but not of mechanical ventilation.
Clinical trial simulations in pulmonary fibrosis: patient-focused insights and adaptations
Authors: Jones Steve , Flewett Maxine , Flewett Ron , Lee Sharon , Vick Bill , Thompson Milla , Pinnetti Sabine , Zoz Donald F. , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Kreuter Michael , Maher Toby M. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPatient recruitment and retention are a challenge when conducting clinical trials in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases. This study aimed to understand and address the barriers associated with trial participation for these populations.MethodsNine patients, nine caregivers and three healthcare professionals participated in virtual simulations of planned phase III trials. During the simulations, participants received information about the trials and either tested a home spirometry device or watched a home spirometry demonstration, before providing their insights in debriefs. The findings were interpreted in advisory boards with representatives from patient organisations and expert investigators.ResultsRegarding barriers to participation, patient fatigue and breathlessness were emphasised as posing challenges for travel, visit length and completion of onsite assessments. Lack of information, support and appreciation were also identified as factors that may exacerbate anxiety and negatively affect participant retention rates. Feedback on the home spirometry was mixed, with participants appreciating being able to complete the test at home but worrying about device handling. Based on the insights gained, patient-friendly adaptations were made to the trial protocol and conduct, including remote assessment of patient-reported outcomes, increased visit flexibility, travel support services, patient and caregiver information campaigns, and training of investigators on patients’ needs.ConclusionsParticipants identified important barriers to participation, which led to patient-friendly changes being made to the planned trials. As a result, participation in the planned trials should be less burdensome, with improved recruitment and retention rates, and ultimately, improved data quality.
The role of the ecological scaffold in the origin and maintenance of whole-group trait altruism in microbial populations
Authors: Jones C. T. , Meynell L. , Neto C. , Susko E. , Bielawski J. P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Kin and multilevel selection provide explanations for the existence of altruism based on traits or processes that enhance the inclusive fitness of an altruist individual. Kin selection is often based on individual-level traits, such as the ability to recognize other altruists, whereas multilevel selection requires a metapopulation structure and dispersal process. These theories are unified by the general principle that altruism can be fixed by positive selection provided the benefit of altruism is preferentially conferred to other altruists. Here we take a different explanatory approach based on the recently proposed concept of an “ecological scaffold”. We demonstrate that ecological conditions consisting of a patchy nutrient supply that generates a metapopulation structure, episodic mixing of groups, and severe nutrient limitation, can support or “scaffold” the evolution of altruism in a population of microbes by amplifying drift. This contrasts with recent papers in which the ecological scaffold was shown to support selective processes and demonstrates the power of scaffolding even in the absence of selection.

Results
Using computer simulations motivated by a simple theoretical model, we show that, although an altruistic mutant can be fixed within a single population of non-altruists by drift when nutrients are severely limited, the resulting altruistic population remains vulnerable to non-altruistic mutants. We then show how the imposition of the “ecological scaffold” onto a population of non-altruists alters the balance between selection and drift in a way that supports the fixation and subsequent persistence of altruism despite the possibility of invasion by non-altruists.

Conclusions
The fixation of an altruistic mutant by drift is possible when supported by ecological conditions that impose a metapopulation structure, episodic mixing of groups, and severe nutrient limitation. This is significant because it offers an alternative explanation for the evolution of altruism based on drift rather than selection. Given the ubiquity of low-nutrient “oligotrophic” environments in which microbes exist (e.g., the open ocean, deep subsurface soils, or under the polar ice caps) our results suggest that altruistic and cooperative behaviors may be highly prevalent among microbial populations.