bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of oncolytic effect of recombinant Newcastle disease virus in primary and metastatic oral melanoma
Authors: Numpadit Supaporn , Ito Chiaki , Nakaya Takaaki , Hagiwara Katsuro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMalignant melanoma is aggressive cancer with a high rate of local invasiveness and metastasis. Currently, the treatment options for patients with advanced-stage and metastatic oral melanoma are limited. A promising treatment option is oncolytic viral therapy. This study aimed to evaluate novel therapies for malignant melanoma using a canine model. Oral melanoma, which frequently occurs in dogs is used as a model for human melanoma, was isolated and cultured and used for the evaluation of the tumor lytic effect induced by viral infection. We constructed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) that promotes the extracellular release of IFNγ from the virus-infected melanoma. The expression of oncolytic and apoptosis-related genes, the immune response by lymphocytes, and IFNγ expression were evaluated in virus-infected melanoma cells. The results showed that the rate of rNDV infection varied according to the isolated melanoma cells and the oncolytic effect differed between melanoma cells owing to the infectivity of the virus. The oncolytic effect tended to be greater for the IFNγ-expressing virus than for the GFP-expressing prototype virus. Additionally, lymphocytes co-cultured with the virus showed induced expression of Th1 cytokines. Therefore, recombinant NDV expressing IFNγ is expected to induce cellular immunity and oncolytic activity. This oncolytic treatment shows promise as a therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment once evaluated using clinical samples from humans.
Harm to Nonhuman Animals from AI: a Systematic Account and Framework
Authors: Coghlan Simon , Parker Christine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a systematic account of how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could harm nonhuman animals and explains why animal harms, often neglected in AI ethics, should be better recognised. After giving reasons for caring about animals and outlining the nature of animal harm, interests, and wellbeing, the paper develops a comprehensive ‘harms framework’ which draws on scientist David Fraser’s influential mapping of human activities that impact on sentient animals. The harms framework is fleshed out with examples inspired by both scholarly literature and media reports. This systematic account and framework should help inform ethical analyses of AI’s impact on animals and serve as a comprehensive and clear basis for the development and regulation of AI technologies to prevent and mitigate harm to nonhumans.
A simulation study for multifactorial genetic disorders to quantify the impact of polygenic risk scores on critical illness insurance
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Salter-Townshend Michael , O’Hagan Adrian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith advances in genetic research, the understanding of the genetic structure of disease and the ability to predict disease risk have been enhanced. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed to assess a person’s risk of developing any heritable disease. PRS has two primary utilities that make it particularly relevant for insurers: the ability to identify high-risk groups when using PRS independently or in combination with standard risk factors; and the ability to inform early interventions that may alter future morbidity and mortality. Using heart disease as a case study, a simulation-based model is designed that introduces polygenic risk scoring into the actuarial analysis framework and then quantifies the adverse selection due to information asymmetry introduced by PRS. Individual and parental disease liability as well as PRS were simulated under a liability threshold model. A series of validations were conducted to confirm the utility of our simulated data sets. We explored three scenarios describing how insurance applicants use their PRS results to guide their insurance purchasing decisions and calculated the increased premiums that insurers would need to change to counteract this. The accuracy of PRS has the most significant impact on premiums and the proportion of individuals who know their PRS also has a substantial impact.
The impact of early therapies for COVID-19 on death, hospitalization and persisting symptoms: a retrospective study
Authors: Bertuccio Paola , Degli Antoni Melania , Minisci Davide , Amadasi Silvia , Castelli Francesco , Odone Anna , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Oral antivirals (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir), intravenous short treatment of remdesivir and anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used for early COVID-19 treatments in high risk of disease progression patients. The term long COVID has been used to refer to a range of new, returning, or ongoing symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Little is known about the impact of such therapies on long COVID.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study, including all outpatients evaluated from April 2021 to March 2022 in Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy. Patients were stratified in three groups: (a) treated with mAbs, (b) treated with antivirals drugs and (c) controls (patients eligible for a or b who refused treatment). Data were collected at baseline and at month 1 and 3 (data on self-reported symptoms were collected using a telephone-administered questionnaire). We assessed early COVID-19 therapies effectiveness in preventing hospitalization, death at 1 or 3 months and persisting symptoms at 3 months after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
A total of 649 patients were included in the study, of which 242 (37.3%) were treated with mAbs, 197 (30.3%) with antiviral drugs and 210 (32.4%) were not treated. Patients most frequently reported cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (36.7%) followed by obesity (22%). Overall, 29 patients (4.5%) died or were hospitalized at 1 or 3-month follow-up. Death or hospitalization was positively associated with older ages, with a significant linear trend (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.16–8.06, for patients aged 80 or more years compared to those aged less than 65). Data on long COVID at 3 months were available for 323 (49.8%) patients. A positive association emerged for females compared to men, with an OR of 2.14 (95% CI 1.30–3.53) for any symptoms. Conversely, inverse associations were found for treatment groups as compared to the control one, with significant estimates among patients treated with antiviral drugs for any symptoms (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.87) and patients treated with mAbs for any neuro-behavioral symptoms (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25–0.92).

Conclusions
We report beneficial effect of early use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antivirals and mAbs on long COVID.
Arbeitsunfähigkeit bei präklinischen Rettungskräften in Deutschland
Authors: May Tobias , Arnold Christina , Klas Teresa , Möckel Christina , Maaß Leona , Hofmann Thomas , Möckel Luis 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Für Krankenstandanalysen ist die Ermittlung von Arbeitsunfähigkeit ein zentraler Ansatz. Dennoch liegen für Arbeitsunfähigkeit und damit assoziierte Faktoren im deutschen präklinischen Rettungsdienst bisher noch keine Daten vor.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Analyse war es, den Anteil der Rettungskräfte in Deutschland mit mindestens einer Arbeitsunfähigkeit in den letzten 12 Monaten und damit assoziierte Faktoren zu identifizieren.

Material und Methoden
Es handelt sich um eine bundesweite Befragungsstudie mit Rettungskräften. Assoziationen zwischen der Arbeitsunfähigkeit und soziodemografischen, gesundheitsbezogenen sowie berufsspezifischen Faktoren wurde mittels multivariabler logistischer Regression, unter Berechnung von Odds-Ratio (OR) und dazugehörigen 95 % Konfidenzintervallen (95 % KI) identifiziert.

Ergebnisse
In diese Analyse eingeschlossen wurden 2298 deutsche Rettungskräfte. 60,10 % der weiblichen sowie 58,98 % der männlichen Befragten gaben mindestens eine Arbeitsunfähigkeit in den letzten 12 Monaten an. Eine Arbeitsunfähigkeit war unter anderem signifikant mit dem Schulabschluss (Abitur: OR: 0,51 [95 % KI 0,30–0,88]; p = 0,016; Referenz: Hauptschulabschluss) und den wöchentlichen Arbeitsstunden (OR: 1,01 [95 % KI 1,00–1,02]; p = 0,003) assoziiert. Auch das Arbeitsumfeld, die Dienstjahre sowie verschiedene physische und psychische Beschwerden in den letzten 12 Monaten zeigten eine signifikante Assoziation mit einer Arbeitsunfähigkeit.

Diskussion
Diese Analyse weist darauf hin, dass unter anderem chronische Krankheiten, der Bildungsabschluss, das Einsatzgebiet sowie die Anzahl der Dienstjahre und wöchentlichen Arbeitsstunden bei den teilnehmenden Rettungskräften mit Arbeitsunfähigkeitstagen in den letzten 12 Monaten assoziiert waren.
STEM Teacher Professional Learning Through Immersive STEM Learning Placements in Industry: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hurley Mairéad , Butler Deirdre , McLoughlin Eilish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been an increased focus on designing STEM learning experiences for primary and second-level students. We posit that for teachers to design rich learning experiences for their students, they must first have the opportunity to develop their own STEM knowledge and competences, either during their pre-service teacher education or as part of their professional learning as in-service teachers. This systematic review of literature examines programmes which offer either pre-service or in-service teachers immersive learning experiences through placements in STEM roles in business or industry. A total of nine papers were identified in this review, featuring three unique programmes—one in the UK for pre-service teachers, and two in the USA involving in-service teachers. The findings indicate a variation in motivation and structures across the three programmes. The influence on teachers’ personal and professional development, and their intentions to change their classroom practices or behaviours to incorporate more ‘real-world’ contexts into their STEM learning activities, inspired by their experiences in industry, is discussed. This study presents recommendations for the design and implementation of immersive learning placements in industry to support STEM teacher professional learning, as well as suggestions for further studies to examine the influence on their classroom practice.
Exploring the Potentials of Open-Source Big Data and Machine Learning in Shared Mobility Fleet Utilization Prediction
Authors: Abouelela Mohamed , Lyu Cheng , Antoniou Constantinos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe urban transportation landscape has been rapidly growing and dynamically changing in recent years, supported by the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT). One of the new mobility trends supported by ICT is shared mobility, which has a positive potential to reduce car use externalities. These systems’ recent and sudden introduction was not adequately planned for, and their rapidly growing popularity was not expected, which resulted in the urgent need for different stakeholders’ intervention to ensure efficient services’ integration within the urban transportation networks and to grant an effective system operation. Several challenges face shared mobility, including fleet size management, vehicle distribution, demand balancing, and the definition of equitable prices. In this research, we developed a practical, straightforward methodology that utilizes big open-source data and different machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the daily shared-e-scooter fleet utilization (the daily number of trips per vehicle) that could be used to drive the system’s operation policies. We used four ML algorithms with different levels of complexity, namely; Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, Gradient Boosting Machine, and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network, to predict the fleet utilization in Louisville, Kentucky, using the knowledge the models get from the training data in Austin, Texas. The Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) was the model with the best performance prediction based on the different evaluation measures. The most critical factors impacting daily fleet utilization prediction were temporal time series features, sociodemographics, meteorological data, and the built environment.
Weniger Demokratie wagen? Möglichkeiten und Grenzen liberaler Friedensstrategien nach der Zeitenwende
Authors: Hegemann Hendrik , Kahl Martin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag nimmt aktuelle Diskussionen um den Umgang mit Russlands Krieg in der Ukraine zum Anlass, um grundsätzlich die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen liberaler Friedensstrategien, die insbesondere in der deutschen Friedensforschung stark verankert sind, zu erörtern. Wir argumentieren, dass die Friedensforschung weiterhin an ihrem Anspruch festhalten sollte, Strategien für einen nachhaltigen Frieden aufzuzeigen, der über reine Abschreckung bzw. das Denken in Blöcken hinausreicht. Sie sollte deshalb ihre bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu Friedensbedingungen nicht vollends über Bord werfen und weiterhin auch die innere Verfasstheit der beteiligten Staaten und ihrer Gesellschaften im Blick behalten. Der russische Angriff auf die Ukraine verdeutlicht gerade, wie das Fehlen demokratischer Kontrollinstanzen und die Abschottung autokratischer Führungen die Eskalation militärischer Konflikte befördern und den Frieden unterminieren. Der Beitrag diskutiert, wie und inwieweit sich die Grundannahmen und zentralen empirischen Erkenntnisse liberaler Friedenstheorie weiterhin auf den Umgang mit Russland und anderen revanchistischen Autokratien anwenden lassen. Im Sinne einer kritischen Selbstreflexion der Friedensforschung erörtert er auch die Grenzen liberaler Friedensstrategien und bettet dies in Debatten über eine breitere Krise liberaler Ansätze und die Lehren internationaler Demokratieförderung der Vergangenheit ein.
A necessary considering factor for breeding: growth-defense tradeoff in plants
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liu Yuanming , Zhang Xiangyu , Ji Wanquan , Kang Zhensheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security. Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease and to minimize crop losses. However, high level of genetic immunity to disease was often accompanied by an undesired reduction in crop growth and yield. Recently, literatures have been rapidly emerged in understanding the mechanism of disease resistance and development genes in crop plants. To determine how and why the costs and the likely benefit of resistance genes caused in crop varieties, we re-summarized the present knowledge about the crosstalk between plant development and disease resistance caused by those genes that function as plasma membrane residents, MAPK cassette, nuclear envelope (NE) channels components and pleiotropic regulators. Considering the growth-defense tradeoffs on the basis of current advances, finally, we try to understand and suggest that a reasonable balancing strategies based on the interplay between immunity with growth should be considered to enhance immunity capacity without yield penalty in future crop breeding.
Tuning the rheostat of immune gene translation
Authors: Huang Shuai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiomolecular condensates assembled through phase transitions regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. How biomolecular condensates control plant immunity is poorly understood. In Nature Plants, a new study (Zhou et al., Nat Plants 9:289–301, 2023) reveals how plants assemble translational condensates to balance tissue health and disease resistance.
Does GPT-3 qualify as a co-author of a scientific paper publishable in peer-review journals according to the ICMJE criteria? A case study
Authors: Osmanovic-Thunström Almira , Steingrimsson Steinn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the potential for a system to be a co-author on an academic paper based on the criteria proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). We used a third generation generative pretrained transformer (GPT-3) to write a review paper on the topic of its choice: The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Function. The system was asked to fulfill the four main criteria for co-authorship as recommended by ICMJE, which includes contributions to the conception or design of the work; drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published; and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Our results showed that the system was able to fulfill the criteria, with significant difficulties with accurate and reliable referencing. We also explored the ethical implications of using AI systems for research and found that it is important to take a cautious approach when considering its use for scientific authorship. This case study provides a methodology for further investigations into the possibilities and limitations of automated writing.
How do patients select their sports medicine orthopedist? Cross sectional study
Authors: Masarwa Rawan , Yonai Yaniv , Steinfeld Yaniv , Ben Natan Merav , Berkovich Yaron 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
To explore factors that influence patient selection of a sports medicine orthopedist.

Study setting
A self-completion questionnaires were filled out by the patients independently at the entrance to the orthopedic clinic where they waited for their turn.

Study design
Cross sectional survey.

Data collection
Three hundred-and-eight patients that consulted a sports medicine orthopedist in the past year, whether in a private or a public sector, completed a questionnaire designed for the purposes of the present study.

Principal findings
Patient selection of a sports medicine orthopedist was primarily influenced by an orthopedist’s professional skills and recommendations from friends, family members, and other patients, while patients seemed to be less concerned about an orthopedist’s interpersonal skills, and less influenced by other physicians’ recommendations or advertisements. Variance has been observed in attribution of importance to certain factors across patient groups.

Conclusions
These findings may be used in designing of marketing strategies aimed to assist patient selection of a sports medicine orthopedist. Marketing strategies need to be tailored to specific patient groups for example athletes.

Highlights
Reactance to Uncivil Disagreement?
Authors: Lu Shuning , Liang Hai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This study extends the psychological reactance theory by demonstrating that online political discussions, without explicit social influence attempts, can arouse psychological reactance by certain message features. Based on a 2 (stance: agreement vs. disagreement) × 2 (tone: civil vs. uncivil) × 2 (social endorsement: low vs. high) between-subjects online experiment in the United States ( N = 418), the present study found that both disagreement and uncivil comments led to psychological reactance directly and indirectly via perceived threat to freedom. Unexpectedly, uncivil disagreement had smaller effects on psychological reactance than civil disagreement. In addition, although social endorsement cues did not show any independent effects on psychological reactance, they were found to exacerbate the direct effect of uncivil disagreement on psychological reactance. Overall, our study develops important theoretical connections between political deliberation and psychological reactance literatures. It also yields practical implications for fostering an inclusive and healthy environment for online political discussion.
Development of Amphibole Crystal Preferred Orientations (CPOs) and Their Effects on Seismic Anisotropy in Deformed Amphibolites
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Cao Shuyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrystal preferred orientations and seismic anisotropy of amphibole play a crucial role in fingerprinting the rheological and physical properties of the deep crust. This study presents typical naturally deformed (banded, mylonitic, and ultramylonitic) amphibolites from the Ailao Shan‐Red River shear zone (ASRR‐SZ), southwestern China. In the banded amphibolite, coarse amphibole grains are highly elongated by dislocation creep and develop type I fabric of amphibole. In the mylonitic amphibolite, amphibole grains are characterized by porphyroclasts with core‐mantle structure and fine‐grained amphiboles in the matrix. Subgrain rotation recrystallization dominantly contribute to the grain size reduction process and display type III fabric of amphibole. In the ultramylonitic amphibolite, the fine‐grained amphiboles are mainly deformed by mechanical rotation of prismatic grains and develop type IV amphibole fabric. The seismic anisotropies are calculated from crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of naturally deformed amphiboles and model fabric. They both display that the transition of amphibole fabric from type III through type I to type IV also comes along with the transition of AVp patterns from Vp(X) ∼ Vp(Y) > Vp(Z) through Vp(X) > Vp(Y) > Vp(Z) to Vp(X) > Vp(Y) ∼ Vp(Z). Under the same texture strength, the strongest seismic anisotropy (both AVp and Max. AVs) occurs in the type III fabric of amphibole, the weakest seismic anisotropy is related to type IV fabric and a medium seismic anisotropy in type I fabric. This work indicates that the CPO types of amphiboles need be carefully considered in interpreting observed seismic anisotropy at the deep crustal level.
Martian Araneiforms: A Review
Authors: Mc Keown L. E. , Diniega S. , Portyankina G. , Hansen C. J. , Aye K.‐M. , Piqueux S. , Scully J. E. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAraneiforms are enigmatic dendritic negative topography features native to Mars. Found across a variety of substrates and exhibiting a range of scales, morphologies, and activity level, they are hypothesized to form via insolation‐induced basal sublimation of seasonal CO2 ice. With no direct Earth analog, araneiforms are an example of how our understanding of extant surface features can evolve through a multipronged approach using high resolution change‐detection imaging, conceptual and numerical modeling, and analog laboratory work. This review offers a primer on the current state of knowledge of Martian araneiforms. We outline the development of their driving conceptual hypothesis and the various methodologies used to study their formation. We furthermore present open questions and identify future laboratory and modeling work and mission objectives that may address these questions. Finally, this review highlights how the study of araneiforms may be used as a proxy for local conditions and perhaps even past seasonal dynamics on Mars. We also reflect on the lessons learnt from studying them and opportunities for comparative planetology that can be harnessed in understanding unusual features on icy worlds that have no Earth analog.