bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different mutation rates in the basal core promoter and precore regions between hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b clusters
Authors: Martínez Micaela , Elizalde María Mercedes , Giadans Cecilia Graciela , Monzani Cecilia , Campos Rodolfo , Flichman Diego 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main etiological agent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. It has been classified into nine genotypes and several subgenotypes, with uneven global distribution. There is growing evidence that the viral genotype influences the course and outcome of chronic hepatitis B infection. Two evolutionarily different clusters of the subgenotype F1b, called basal and cosmopolitan, have been described. The two clusters have constrained geographical distribution, with the particular feature that the basal cluster is present in regions of high HCC incidence, while the Cosmopolitan cluster is found in regions of low HCC incidence. The BCP/pC region was sequenced in 68 cases chronically infected with the F1b subgenotype to determine if there was a differential pattern of pathogenic‐associated mutations between both clusters. Twenty‐two of the 68 cases belonged to the subgenotype F1b basal cluster and 46 to the cosmopolitan cluster. Among the HBeAg‐negative patients the A1762T/G1764A and G1896A mutations were more frequently found in the basal samples (85.7 and 92.9%) compared to the cosmopolitan ones (50 and 18.2%). Interestingly, no HBeAg loss‐associated mutations were observed in 7.1 and 36.4% of the basal and cosmopolitan cases, respectively. The different rate of mutations associated with a more severe course of chronic hepatitis in the basal cluster would support the difference in the HCC incidence rate in the geographical regions where the basal cluster is restricted.
Writing for wellness: storytelling, care, and reflection in teacher education
Authors: Varga‐Dobai Kinga 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the face of the traumas of a global pandemic, it became pertinent for teacher training programmes and educators like me to be intentional about practices that foreground a pedagogy of care with a focus on wellness and healing, courageous conversations and what Price‐Dennis and Sealey‐Ruiz (2021) has described as critical love. What does it mean to be a justice‐oriented educator? How can we learn to have brave conversations in the classroom? How does writing and storytelling play into this? In this article, I will seek to show how I used writing and storytelling as a pedagogy and practice of care and critical love in my work with elementary education pre‐service teachers. I will define and provide a comprehensive summary of these writing and storytelling practices. I use the term storytelling as an overarching theme that connects various reflective practices.
Competence in the Eye of the Electorate: Appearance, Incumbency, and Vote Shares
Authors: Bilson Thomas , Rai Birendra , Smyth Russell , Wang Liang Choon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrior studies have documented incumbency advantage for electoral candidates. A largely unrelated strand of literature has shown that perceived competence of candidates, as inferred from their physical appearance, also predicts their electoral success. We draw upon the framework of statistical discrimination and the dual‐system theory of human cognition to understand the relationship between a political candidate's vote share, physical appearance, and incumbency status. Voters possess relatively richer information about incumbents compared to challengers. Perceived competence of candidates, as inferred from their physical appearance, is therefore expected to have a relatively weaker influence on voters' decisions to vote for incumbents. Data from Australian state elections support this prediction.
An in situ investigation of the preservation and alteration of presolar silicates in the Miller Range 07687 chondrite
Authors: Seifert Laura B. , Haenecour Pierre , Ramprasad Tarunika , Brearley Adrian J. , Zega Thomas J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDust grains that formed around ancient stars and in stellar explosions seeded the early solar protoplanetary disk. While most of such presolar grains were destroyed during solar system formation, a fraction of such grains were preserved in primitive materials such as meteorites. These grains can provide constraints on stellar origins and secondary processing such as aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism on their parent asteroids. Here, we report on the nature of aqueous alteration in the Miller Range (MIL) 07687 chondrite through the analysis of four presolar silicates and their surrounding material. The grains occur in the Fe‐rich and Fe‐poor lithologies, reflecting relatively altered and unaltered material, respectively. The O‐isotopic compositions of two grains, one each from the Fe‐rich and Fe‐poor matrix, are consistent with formation in the circumstellar envelopes of low‐mass Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB)/Red Giant Branch (RGB) stars. The other two grains, also one each from the Fe‐rich and Fe‐poor matrix, have O‐isotopic compositions consistent with formation in the ejecta of type‐II supernovae (SNe). The grains derived from AGB/RGB stars include two polycrystalline pyroxene grains that contain Fe‐rich rims. The SNe grains include a polycrystalline Ca‐bearing pyroxene and a polycrystalline assemblage consistent with a mixture of olivine and pyroxene. Ferrihydrite is observed in all focused ion beam sections, consistent with parent‐body aqueous alteration of the fine‐grained matrix under oxidizing conditions. The Fe‐rich rims around presolar silicates in this study are consistent with Fe‐diffusion into the grains resulting from early‐stage hydrothermal alteration, but such alteration was not extensive enough to lead to isotopic equilibration with the surrounding matrix.
How Studying Anthropology Changes Students
Authors: Kitchin Maria , Ding Emily , Nortman Colette A. , Hunter Gina , Roberts William 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudent research fellows at three universities (Illinois State University, St. Mary's College of Maryland, and Wheaton College) conducted ethnographic research among peers in anthropology programs to better understand students’ experiences in the major and their career goals. In this article, we highlight student narratives of personal and intellectual growth. We found that current majors had more to say about how they had been transformed by anthropology than about the specific anthropological skills relevant to future careers. We posit that students’ personal growth, including greater empathy and open‐mindedness, and intellectual growth, including cross‐cultural understanding and the ability to think critically, developed through students’ integration into departmental communities of practice.
The role and mechanism of tight junctions in the regulation of salivary gland secretion
Authors: Cong Xin , Mao Xiang‐Di , Wu Li‐Ling , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTight junctions (TJs) are cell–cell interactions that localize at the most apical portion of epithelial/endothelial cells. One of the predominant functions of TJs is to regulate material transport through paracellular pathway, which serves as a selective barrier. In recent years, the expression and function of TJs in salivary glands has attracted great interest. The characteristics of multiple salivary gland TJ proteins have been identified. During salivation, the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1, as well as other stimuli, promote the opening of acinar TJs by inducing internalization of TJs, thereby contributing to increased paracellular permeability. Besides, endothelial TJs are also redistributed with leakage of blood vessels in cholinergic‐stimulated submandibular glands. Furthermore, under pathological conditions, such as Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, immunoglobulin G4‐related sialadenitis, and autotransplantation, the integrity and barrier function of TJ complex are impaired and may contribute to hyposalivation. Moreover, in submandibular glands of Sjögren's syndrome mouse model and patients, the endothelial barrier is disrupted and involved in hyposecretion and lymphocytic infiltration. These findings enrich our understanding of the secretory mechanisms that link the importance of epithelial and endothelial TJ functions to salivation under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Burning mouth syndrome: Analysis of diagnostic delay in 500 patients
Authors: Adamo Daniela , Calabria Elena , Canfora Federica , Coppola Noemi , Pecoraro Giuseppe , D'Aniello Luca , Aria Massimo , Mignogna Michele Davide , Leuci Stefania 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic delay, the number and type of referrals and the clinical and psychological profile in a wide sample of patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS).Materials and MethodsData on the disease onset, oral symptoms, type and number of practitioners consulted, misdiagnoses, and the presence of medically unexplained extraoral physical symptoms were recorded in 500 BMS patients. Potential predictors of diagnostic delay were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean diagnostic delay was 29.71 ± 47.19 months. An average of 2.61 ± 1.65 practitioners were consulted by each patient, the most frequent being the general physicians (287; 57.4%), maxillofacial surgeons (111; 22.2%), and otolaryngologists (104; 20.8%). The mean number of misdiagnoses was 3.54 ± 1.85. Nonspecific stomatitis, candidiasis, and gastroesophageal reflux were the most common misdiagnoses. Higher age, low education, the presence of dysgeusia, and a previous history of psychiatric illness were predictors of a longer diagnostic delay (p‐value: 0.028, 0.050, 0.007, 0.034, respectively).ConclusionsThe lack of knowledge among specialists, the high rate of misdiagnosis, and the diagnostic delay of BMS highlight the need to introduce educational interventions in all medical specialties in order to promote an early and appropriate diagnosis, thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life of the patients.
Safety of pediatric sedation and analgesia during burn dressing changes by pediatric residents
Authors: Hubara Evyatar , Berzon Baruch , E Nellis Marianne , Ram Reut , Kassif Lerner Reut , Alfandary Many Yael , Feldman Oren , Pessach Itai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute pain and anxiety management during pediatric burn dressing change is very challenging. There are limited data regarding feasibility and safety of sedation administration by nonanesthesiologists. We sought to describe the implementation of a sedation protocol for pediatric residents during burn dressing changes in the pediatric ward.MethodsAn analgesia and sedation protocol was designed and implemented in the pediatric wards in 2015. Retrospective data were collected on all children who were sedated by pediatric residents for burns in the pediatric wards over a 4‐year period in our hospital. Demographics, burn characteristics, and data regarding adverse events were collected from patients' electronic medical records. The main outcomes were successful procedure completion and safety.ResultsDuring the study period, 1130 sedations were performed in 272 patients by pediatric residents. The median age was 2.5 years (IQR 1.3–9.1). Sixty‐two percent (695/1130) of the patients were male. The majority of the burns (84%, 955/1130) were <20%, and the majority of the patients (91%, 1030/1130) had an ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score of 1. The incidence rate of adverse events was 4.3% (49/1130) and 1.3% (15/1130) for serious adverse events . There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, ASA, or burn degree between patients with or without adverse events.ConclusionsWe designed and implemented an analgesia and sedation protocol for pediatric residents to be applied in patients during burn dressing change. The implemented protocol in the pediatric wards was found to be feasible and with a low incidence of adverse events.
Effect of coffee husk and cocoa pods biochar on phosphorus fixation and release processes in acid soils from West Cameroon
Authors: Pouangam Ngalani Gilles , Ondo Jean Aubin , Njimou Jacques Romain , Nanseu Njiki Charles Peguy , Prudent Pascale , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcid soil in West Cameroon has limited phosphorus (P) availability which limits plant growth. This is mainly because of low pH, high levels of exchangeable aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) and fixation of P. In this study, acid soils, sampled in Bafang, were amended with biochar produced from coffee husks (CH) and cocoa pod husks (CP) at two different temperatures (350 and 550 °C) in other to evaluate the effect on the physicochemical properties of the acid soil and the effect on P sorption and desorption. The soil was amended with biochar at a rate of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg and incubated for 7 and 60 days. Physicochemical properties of all soil–biochar samples were determined followed by sorption experiments and data fitted in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models in other to evaluate soil P sorption capacity and its affinity to soil amended with biochar. Moreover, desorption studies were done to evaluate the availability of P in soil amended with biochar after sorption. The outcomes of this study reveal an increase in soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available P, soil organic carbon and a drastic decrease in exchangeable Al and Fe. The point of zero charge of biochar‐amended soil was higher than the control and increased with amendment rate. The experimental data of the sorption of P on soils and soil–biochar samples fits into Langmuir and Freundlich models (R2 > 0.9) suggesting that the P adsorption is controlled by both model mechanisms. Soil–biochar mixture results in a decrease in the sorption capacity as compared with the control and the decrease was predominant with increasing amendment rate. At amendment rates of 20, 40 and 80 g/kg after 7 days of incubation, for SCH350 were 2267, 2048 and 1823 mg/kg which increased to 2407, 2112 and 1990 mg/kg after 60 days of incubation. This tendency was observed for all biochar inputs with respect to the increase in incubation days. Furthermore, desorption of P from soil–biochar mixtures was enhanced with biochar added at greater rate and produced at higher temperature. The desorption percentage was increased by more than around 10% for all biochar types from 20 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg amendment. Thus, biochar addition to acid soils reduces P fixation to acid soil and improves P desorption to soil solution, thereby providing more available P in the soil solution and better conditions for plant growth.
De novo induction of a DNA–histone H3K9 methylation loop on synthetic human repetitive DNA in cultured tobacco cells
Authors: Otake Koichiro , Kugou Kazuto , Robertlee Jekson , Ohzeki Jun‐ichirou , Okazaki Koei , Hanano Shigeru , Takahashi Seiji , Shibata Daisuke , Masumoto Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYGenetic modifications in plants are crucial tools for fundamental and applied research. Transgene expression usually varies among independent lines or their progeny and is associated with the chromatin structure of the insertion site. Strategies based on understanding how to manipulate the epigenetic state of the inserted gene cassette would help to ensure transgene expression. Here, we report a strategy for chromatin manipulation by the artificial tethering of epigenetic effectors to a synthetic human centromeric repetitive DNA (alphoid DNA) platform in plant Bright‐Yellow‐2 (BY‐2) culture cells. By tethering DNA‐methyltransferase (Nicotiana tabacum DRM1), we effectively induced DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K9me2) on the alphoid DNA platform. Tethering of the Arabidopsis SUVH9, which has been reported to lack histone methyltransferase activity, also induced a similar epigenetic state on the alphoid DNA in BY‐2 cells, presumably by activating the RNA‐dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. Our results emphasize that the interplay between DNA and histone methylation mechanisms is intrinsic to plant cells. We also found that once epigenetic modification states were induced by the tethering of either DRM1 or SUVH9, the modification was maintained even when the direct tethering of the effector was inhibited. Our system enables the analysis of more diverse epigenetic effectors and will help to elucidate the chromatin assembly mechanisms of plant cells.
Trade misreporting: Evidence from Pakistani importers
Authors: Khan Bilal M. , Hussain Karrar , Liaqat Zara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper provides direct evidence of attempted tax evasion in response to changes in tariff rates in a small open economy using transaction‐level customs data for Pakistani importers. Our results show that there exists a systematic relationship between the difference in declared and assessed import values of the shipment, and the duty rate charged to the importer. We demonstrate that higher duty rates are associated with a greater misdeclaration of imports. In particular, a one‐percentage point increase in duty rates, on average, is linked with 0.4% increase in under‐invoicing of imports by Pakistani firms. The study explores several dimensions to examine the variation in estimates obtained across product types, import origins, modes of processing import transactions and the role of firm characteristics, such as, frequency of imports, in determining the extent of misdeclaration.
On generalisations of the Aharoni–Pouzet base exchange theorem
Authors: Jankó Zsuzsanna , Joó Attila 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Greene–Magnanti theorem states that if is a finite matroid, and are bases and is a partition, then there is a partition such that is a base for every . The special case where each is a singleton can be rephrased as the existence of a perfect matching in the base transition graph. Pouzet conjectured that this remains true in infinite‐dimensional vector spaces. Later, he and Aharoni answered this conjecture affirmatively not just for vector spaces but also for infinite matroids. We prove two generalisations of their result. On the one hand, we show that ‘being a singleton’ can be relaxed to ‘being finite’ and this is sharp in the sense that the exclusion of infinite sets is really necessary. In addition, we prove that if and are bases, then there is a bijection between their finite subsets such that is a base for every . In contrast to the approach of Aharoni and Pouzet, our proofs are completely elementary, they do not rely on infinite matching theory.
On Lusztig's map for spherical unipotent conjugacy classes in disconnected groups
Authors: Cesari Martina Costa , Costantini Mauro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field and let be a graph‐automorphism of . We classify the spherical unipotent conjugacy classes in the coset . As a by‐product, we show that J.‐H. Lu's characterization in characteristic zero of spherical conjugacy classes in by the dimension formula also holds for spherical unipotent conjugacy classes in in positive characteristic. If has order 2, we provide an alternative description of the restriction to spherical unipotent conjugacy classes in , of Lusztig's map from the set of unipotent conjugacy classes in to the set of twisted conjugacy classes of the Weyl group of . We also show that a twisted conjugacy class in the Weyl group has a unique maximal length element if and only if it has maximum in the Bruhat order (a result previously proved by X. He).
Sharp weak‐type estimates for maximal operators associated to rare bases
Authors: Hagelstein Paul , Oniani Giorgi , Stokolos Alex 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet denote a nonempty translation invariant collection of intervals in (which we regard as a rare basis), and define the associated geometric maximal operator by
We provide a sufficient condition on so that the estimate
is sharp. As a corollary, we obtain sharp weak‐type estimates for maximal operators associated to several classes of rare bases including unions of one‐parameter infinite families of Córdoba, Soria, and Zygmund‐type bases.
Monodromy of four‐dimensional irreducible compatible systems of Q$\mathbb {Q}$
Authors: Hui Chun Yin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet be a totally real field and a natural number. We study the monodromy groups of any ‐dimensional strictly compatible system of ‐adic representations of with distinct Hodge–Tate numbers such that is irreducible for some . When , , and is fully symplectic, the following assertions are obtained.

The representation is fully symplectic for almost all .
If in addition the similitude character of is odd, then the system is potentially automorphic and the residual image has a subgroup conjugate to for almost all .
The complex function of macrophages and their subpopulations in metabolic injury associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Subramanian Pallavi , Chavakis Triantafyllos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently also defined as metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a major health problem, as it affects ∼25% of the population globally and is a major cause of hepatic cirrhosis and thereby liver failure, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. MALFD comprises a broad range of pathological conditions in the liver, including simple fat accumulation (steatosis) and the more progressive non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can lead to fibrosis development. Cells of innate immunity, and particularly macrophages, comprising the liver resident Kupffer cells and the recruited monocyte‐derived macrophages, play complex roles in NASH‐related inflammation and disease progression to fibrosis. Here, we discuss the recent developments with regards to the function of liver macrophage subpopulations during MAFLD development and progression.
image
A Finite Element Based Comparative Study of Lumbosacral Pedicle Screw Fixation and Artificial Disc Replacement
Authors: Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Banerjee Anik , Mondal Nitesh , Rana Masud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this is to evaluate the biomechanical performance of double-level semirigid pedicle screw fixation and artificial intervertebral disc replacement in lumbar spine. Ti6Al4V and CFR-PEEK material are used for pedicle screw fixation and artificial disc replacement. In the present study, pedicle screw fixation and artificial intervertebral disc replacement are carried out between L3-L4-L5 regions under the application of moment 6,8,10 Nm and range of motion is compared during flexion, extension, and right-left lateral bending. Two-level pedicle screw fusion and total disc replacement are developed in the L3-L4-L5 of the lumber spine vertebrae. Carbon fiber reinforced (CFR-PEEK) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are considered for the spinal fusion and the core part of the artificial disc respectively. Afterwards, applying the finite element analysis, it is detected that CFR-PEEK rod is able to increase range of motion at the implanted level in comparison to Ti6Al4V rod for both flexion–extension and lateral bending. In case of artificial intervertebral disc replacement hypermobility was observed. Hence, it is significant that rod material with CFR-PEEK is a better alternative for the treatment of degenerative diseases.