bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond laser-induced nano- and microstructuring of Cu electrodes for CO2 electroreduction in acetonitrile medium
Authors: Gnilitskyi Iaroslav , Bellucci Stefano , Marrani Andrea Giacomo , Shepida Mariana , Mazur Artur , Zozulya Galyna , Kordan Vasyl , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Sahraoui Bouchta , Kuntyi Orest 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dependency of CO2 reduction rate in acetonitrile-Bu4NClO4 solution on cathodes, which were modified by laser induction of a copper surface, was studied. The topography of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) → grooves → spikes was successively formed by a certain number of pulses. It was proved that for a higher number of laser pulses, the surface area of the copper cathode increases and preferred platy orientation of the copper surface on [022] crystallografic direction and larger fluence values increase. At the same time, the content of copper (I) oxide on the surface of the copper cathode increases. Also, the tendency to larger fluency values is observed. It promotes the increase of cathodic current density for CO2 reduction, which reaches values of 14 mA cm-2 for samples with spikes surface structures at E = − 3.0 V upon a stable process.
Health consciousness and pro-environmental behaviors in an Italian representative sample: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Castellini Greta , Acampora Marta , Provenzi Livio , Cagliero Lucia , Lucini Luigi , Barello Serena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividual health-related behavior is among the most influential yet modifiable factors affecting both climate change and chronic disease. To encourage behaviors bringing about environmental and health co-benefits, it is important to understand the underlying factors of behavior change for healthy and sustainable lifestyles. One area of potential overlap concerns people’s health consciousness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health consciousness and pro-environmental behavior. We investigated whether health consciousness correlates with five clusters of pro-environmental behaviors: sustainable food consumption, recycling, green purchasing, sustainable mobility, and energy saving. Research data were collected via cross-sectional survey involving a representative sample of n = 1011 Italian citizens. Statistically significant differences emerged in the frequency of the different classes of pro-environmental behaviors: people living in Italy most frequently implement sustainable behaviors related to energy saving and recycling while sustainable mobility behaviors are the least implemented. Moreover, the stepwise linear regression model demonstrated the predictive role of citizens’ health consciousness on the adoption of specific classes of pro-environmental behaviors showing how higher involvement in one’s own health determines higher levels of pro-environmental behaviors. These results highlight the relevance of developing and testing complex programs featuring educational, sensitization, and structural strategies to increase citizens involvement in public health and pro-environmental behaviors.
Prognostic value of peak work rate indexed by left ventricular diameter
Authors: Eklund Gustafsson Charlotte , Ekström Magnus , Ugander Martin , Brudin Lars , Carlén Anna , Hedman Kristofer , Lindow Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeft ventricular diameter (LVEDD) increases with systematic endurance training but also in various cardiac diseases. High exercise capacity associates with favorable outcomes. We hypothesized that peak work rate (Wpeak) indexed to LVEDD would carry prognostic information and aimed to evaluate the association between Wpeak/LVEDDrest and cardiovascular mortality. Wpeak/LVEDDrest (W/mm) was calculated in patients with an echocardiographic examination within 3 months of a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test. Low Wpeak/LVEDDrest was defined as a value below the sex- and age-specific 5th percentile among lower-risk subjects. The association with cardiovascular mortality was evaluated using Cox regression. In total, 3083 patients were included (8.0 [5.4–11.1] years of follow-up, 249 (8%) cardiovascular deaths). Wpeak/LVEDDrest (W/mm) was associated with cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.28 [0.22–0.36]), similar to Wpeak in % of predicted, with identical prognostic strength when adjusted for age and sex (C-statistics 0.87 for both). A combination of low Wpeak/LVEDDrest and low Wpeak was associated with a particularly poor prognosis (adjusted HR 6.4 [4.0–10.3]). Wpeak/LVEDDrest was associated with cardiovascular mortality but did not provide incremental prognostic value to Wpeak alone. The combination of a low Wpeak/LVEDDrest and low Wpeak was associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
Aberrant neural processing of event boundaries in persons with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wyrobnik Michelle , van der Meer Elke , Klostermann Fabian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe perception of everyday events implies the segmentation into discrete sub-events (i.e. event segmentation). This process is relevant for the prediction of upcoming events and for the recall of recent activities. It is thought to involve dopaminergic networks which are strongly compromised in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, deficits of event segmentation have been previously shown in PD, but underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unknown. We therefore investigated 22 persons with PD and 22 age-matched healthy controls, who performed an event segmentation task with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). Both groups had to indicate by button press the beginning of sub-events within three movies showing persons performing everyday activities. The segmentation performance of persons with PD deviated significantly from that of controls. Neurophysiologically, persons with PD expressed reduced theta (4–7 Hz) activity around identified event boundaries compared to healthy controls. Together, these results point to disturbed event processing in PD. According to functions attributed to EEG activities in particular frequency ranges, the PD-related theta reduction could reflect impaired matching of perceptual input with stored event representations and decreased updating processes of event information in working memory and, thus, event boundary identification.
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of arsenic using nanocomposite-modified electrode
Authors: Hamid Kargari Sara , Ahour Fatemeh , Mahmoudian Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research is to develop an electrochemical sensor based on a conducting polymer, polyaniline, and a cationic polymer, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), reinforced with graphene oxide nanosheets functionalized with acrylic acid. The two-dimensional nature of acrylic acid functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets and clusters made of conductive polymers and acrylic acid functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets were confirmed by microscopic tests. The prepared nanocomposite was deposited on the glassy carbon electrode in order to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the detection of arsenic by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods. It should be mentioned that the presence of acrylic acid functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets increases the surface area due to the nano size effect and better dispersion of this nanomaterial, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), increases the adsorption capacity of the analyte due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged analyte and positively charged surface, and polyanilin increases the charge transfer rate due to the good conductivity. The results show that the prepared electrode has a sensitivity equal to 1.79 A/M with 0.12 μM as the detection limit. The proposed sensor could be used for the determination of total inorganic arsenic by first oxidative pretreatment for conversion of As(III) to As(V).
Fundamentals of low-resistive 2D-semiconductor metal contacts: an ab-initio NEGF study
Authors: Duflou Rutger , Pourtois Geoffrey , Houssa Michel , Afzalian Aryan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal contacts form one of the main limitations for the introduction of 2D materials in next-generation scaled devices. Through ab-initio simulation techniques, we shed light on the fundamental physics and screen several 2D and 3D top and side contact metals. Our findings highlight that a low semiconducting-metal contact resistance can be achieved. By selecting an appropriate 2D metal, we demonstrate both ohmic or small Schottky barrier top and side contacts. This leads to a contact resistance below 100 Ωμm and good device drive performance with currents in ON state up to 1400 μA/μm, i.e., reduced by a mere 25% compared to a reference with perfect ohmic contacts, provided a sufficiently high doping concentration of 1.8×1013 cm−2 is used. Additionally, we show that this doping concentration can be achieved through electrostatic doping with a gate. Finally, we perform a screening of possible 2D–3D top contacts. Finding an ohmic 2D–3D contact without a Schottky barrier has proven difficult, but it is shown that for the case of intermediate interaction strength and a limited Schottky barrier, contact resistances below 100 Ωμm can be achieved.
The digital transformation of surgery
Authors: Marwaha Jayson S. , Raza Marium M. , Kvedar Joseph C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid advances in digital technology and artificial intelligence in recent years have already begun to transform many industries, and are beginning to make headway into healthcare. There is tremendous potential for new digital technologies to improve the care of surgical patients. In this piece, we highlight work being done to advance surgical care using machine learning, computer vision, wearable devices, remote patient monitoring, and virtual and augmented reality. We describe ways these technologies can be used to improve the practice of surgery, and discuss opportunities and challenges to their widespread adoption and use in operating rooms and at the bedside.
Measurement of charges and chemical bonding in a cryo-EM structure
Authors: Maki-Yonekura Saori , Kawakami Keisuke , Takaba Kiyofumi , Hamaguchi Tasuku , Yonekura Koji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrogen bonding, bond polarity, and charges in protein molecules play critical roles in the stabilization of protein structures, as well as affecting their functions such as enzymatic catalysis, electron transfer, and ligand binding. These effects can potentially be measured in Coulomb potentials using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). We here present charges and bond properties of hydrogen in a sub-1.2 Å resolution structure of a protein complex, apoferritin, by single-particle cryo-EM. A weighted difference map reveals positive densities for most hydrogen atoms in the core region of the complex, while negative densities around acidic amino-acid side chains are likely related to negative charges. The former positive densities identify the amino- and oxo-termini of asparagine and glutamine side chains. The latter observations were verified by spatial-resolution selection and a dose-dependent frame series. The average position of the hydrogen densities depends on the parent bonded-atom type, and this is validated by the estimated level of the standard uncertainties in the bond lengths.
Insight on charge-transfer regimes in electron-phonon coupled molecular systems via numerically exact simulations
Authors: Panhans Michel , Hutsch Sebastian , Ortmann Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVarious simulation approaches exist to describe charge transport in organic solids, offering significantly different descriptions of the physics of electron-phonon coupling. This variety introduces method-dependent biases, which inevitably result in difficulties to interpret charge transport processes in a unified picture. Here, we combine numerical and analytical quantum approaches to investigate the charge-transfer dynamics in an unbiased framework. We unveil the fading of transient localisation and the formation of polarons in a broad range of vibrational frequencies and temperatures. By studying the joint electron-phonon dynamics from femtoseconds to nanoseconds, we identify three distinct charge-transport regimes: transient localisation, Soft Gating, and polaron transport. The dynamic transitions between such regimes are ruled by a buildup of the correlations between electronic motion and nuclei, which lead to the crossover between transient localisation and polaron transport. This transition is seamless at all temperatures and adiabaticities, even in the limit of low-frequency vibrational modes.
Normative Values of Cepstral Peak Prominence Measures in Typical Speakers by Sex, Speech Stimuli, and Software Type Across the Life Span
Authors: Buckley Daniel P. , Abur Defne , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine normative values for cepstral peak prominence measures across the life span as a function of sex using clinically relevant stimuli (/ɑ/, /i/, and two sentences of The Rainbow Passage) and two commonly used software types: Praat (Version 6.0.50) and Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV).

Method:
One hundred fifty speakers (75 males, 75 females; evenly distributed into three age groups) without voice disorders aged 18–91 years were recorded via headset microphone in a sound-treated booth. Cepstral measures were analyzed using common analysis methods in Praat and ADSV by sex, stimuli, and software type. Kruskal–Wallis tests and post hoc Mood's Median tests for significant factors were performed on cepstral measures to assess the effects of age group, sex, stimuli, and software type.

Results:
The results revealed statistically significant effects of sex, stimuli, and software type on cepstral measures, but no statistical effect of age group on cepstral values. Females had lower average cepstral values compared to males. Across stimuli, the highest average cepstral measure was found for sustained /ɑ/, followed by sustained /i/, and then of the two sentences of The Rainbow Passage. Average cepstral measures in Praat were higher than those from ADSV.

Conclusions:
The current work did not find a statistical effect of age group on cepstral values; thus, normative cepstral values were reported by sex, stimuli, and software type. Future work should examine the applicability of these normative values for discriminating speakers with and without voice disorders.
The Feasibility and Data Quality for a Listening Comprehension Task in an Unmoderated Remote Study With Children
Authors: Hutto Randi , Fleming Kandace , Davidson Meghan M. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this research note was to examine the sample representation, feasibility and completion, and data quality when using an unmoderated remote study (i.e., conducted without direct contact with a researcher) for a listening comprehension task with 4- to 11-year-old children.

Method:
Thirty-five participants met inclusionary criteria for this study. Sample representation was examined descriptively. Feasibility and completion (i.e., submission of parent questionnaires and more than 50% of task with no missing data) were examined descriptively and compared with differences of proportions tests. Data quality (i.e., missing data for items with interference or not codable) was examined descriptively with multilevel logistic regression models, as well as one-sample proportions tests by listening comprehension task and participant characteristics.

Results:
Our sample skewed toward predominantly White and toward families with highly educated parents. Overall, most participants completed the task and had quality data (i.e., audibly clear responses that could be coded, few missing responses, and task completion) in this unmoderated format. There were not any statistically significant effects across participant characteristics in terms of rates of completion. Data quality only significantly differed by response type with mouse selection having the least amount of missing data followed by prompted audio-recorded questions and then open-ended audio-recorded questions.

Conclusions:
The unmoderated remote study approach seems feasible for a listening comprehension task for most children ages 4–11 years old. Future work is needed to determine if these results apply to samples with broader representation. Overall, we found good data quality despite the less controlled environment in remote studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23114924
A lightweight and stochastic depth residual attention network for remote sensing scene classification
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xu Haixia , Yuan Liming , Wen Xianbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the rapid development of satellite technology, high‐spatial‐resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images have highly complex spatial distributions and multiscale features, making the classification of such images a challenging task. The key to scene classification is to accurately understand the main semantic information contained in images. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have outstanding advantages in this field. Deep CNNs (D‐CNNs) with better performance tend to have more parameters and higher complexity. However, shallow CNNs have difficulty extracting the key features of complex remote sensing images. In this paper, we propose a lightweight network with a random depth strategy for remote sensing scene classification (LRSCM). We construct a convolutional feature extraction module, DCAB, which incorporates depthwise separable convolutional and inverted residual structures, effectively reducing the numbers of required parameters and computations, and retains and utilizes low‐level features. In addition, coordinate attention (CA) is integrated into the module, thereby further improving the network's ability to extract key local information. To further reduce the complexity of model training, the residual module adopts a stochastic depth strategy, providing the network with a random depth. Comparative experiments on five public datasets show that the LRSCM network can achieve results comparable to those of other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Demand forecasting of online car‐hailing by exhaustively capturing the temporal dependency with TCN and Attention approaches
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Hao Yu , Ye Qiming , Wang Tao , Yan Xinchen , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the development of the car‐hailing industry, it has become an indispensable way of travel in our lives. Accurate prediction of online car‐hailing demand can provide the basis for real‐time vehicle dispatch and dynamic pricing for online car‐hailing companies. Most previous studies on online car‐hailing demand forecasting have only considered the temporal and spatial factors separately, while the effects of time series and spatial series on online car‐hailing demand have not been considered. In this paper, the temporal, spatial, and weather features of online car‐hailing are analyzed and they are used as input features of the model. In addition, an attention mechanism is added to the model in order to select a small amount of key feature data from a large amount of feature data and give more weight to the key data, and an attention mechanism‐based TCN (Temporal Convolutional Network) prediction model (TCN+Attention) was developed to better highlight the key features that affect the prediction of online car demand and improve the prediction accuracy of online car demand. Finally, taking the data of Ningbo City as an example, the data is divided into 10 min, 15 min, and 30 min time intervals for prediction, and it is combined with other models and with other prediction models (SVR, LightGBM, Random Forest, Stacking Integrated Learning, LSTM, LSTM+ Attention, and TCN) results in comparative analysis. Experiments show that the TCN+Attention model of online car‐hailing demand prediction has higher accuracy compared with other models.
A 3D model for the stellar populations in the nuclei of NGC 1433, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808
Authors: Vermot P. , Palouš J. , Barna B. , Ehlerová S. , Morris M. R. , Wünsch R. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. We aim to characterize the properties of the stellar populations in the central few hundred parsecs of nearby galactic nuclei; specifically their age, mass, and 3D geometry.
Methods. We use spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of NGC 1433, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808 obtained with SINFONI to constrain a 3D model composed of a spherically symmetric nuclear star cluster (NSC) and an extended thick stellar disk. We computed UV to mid-infrared single stellar population (UMISSP) spectra to determine the age of the stellar populations and construct synthetic observations for our model. To overcome degeneracies between key parameters, we simultaneously fit the spatially resolved line-of-sight velocity, line-of-sight-velocity-dispersion, low-spectral-resolution NIR continuum, and high-spectral-resolution CO absorption features for each pixel.
Results. For the three objects, we derive the age and mass of the young and old stellar populations in the NSC and surrounding disk, as well as their 3D geometry: radius for the NSC; thickness, inclination, and position angle for the disk. These results are consistent with published independent measurements when available.
Conclusions. The proposed method allows us to derive a consistent 3D model of the stellar populations in nearby galactic centers solely based on a near-infrared IFU observation.
A comparative study of resistivity models for simulations of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Færder Ø. H. , Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Carlsson M. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism in astrophysics. A common challenge in mimicking this process numerically in particular for the Sun is that the solar electrical resistivity is small compared to the diffusive effects caused by the discrete nature of codes.
Aims. We aim to study different anomalous resistivity models and their respective effects on simulations related to magnetic reconnection in the Sun.
Methods. We used the Bifrost code to perform a 2D numerical reconnection experiment in the corona that is driven by converging opposite polarities at the solar surface. This experiment was run with three different commonly used resistivity models: 1) the hyper-diffusion model originally implemented in Bifrost, 2) a resistivity proportional to the current density, and 3) a resistivity proportional to the square of the electron drift velocity. The study was complemented with a 1D experiment of a Harris current sheet with the same resistivity models.
Results. The 2D experiment shows that the three resistivity models are capable of producing results in satisfactory agreement with each other in terms of the current sheet length, inflow velocity, and Poynting influx. Even though Petschek-like reconnection occurred with the current density-proportional resistivity while the other two cases mainly followed plasmoid-mediated reconnection, the large-scale evolution of thermodynamical quantities such as temperature and density are quite similar between the three cases. For the 1D experiment, some recalibration of the diffusion parameters is needed to obtain comparable results. Specifically the hyper-diffusion and the drift velocity-dependent resistivity model needed only minor adjustments, while the current density-proportional model needed a rescaling of several orders of magnitude.
Conclusions. The Bifrost hyper-diffusion model is as suitable for simulations of magnetic reconnection as other common resistivity models and has the advantage of being applicable to any region in the solar atmosphere without the need for significant recalibration.