bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Small‐Molecule Drug for the Self‐Checking of Mitophagy
Authors: Gao Yanan , Bai Qingjie , Ren Youxiao , Shao Xintian , Zhang Mengrui , Wu Luling , Lewis Simon E. , James Tony D. , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Qixin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMitophagy, particularly in the context of drugs that disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), represents a critical focus in pharmacology. However, the discovery and evaluation of MMP‐disrupting drugs are often hampered using commercially available marker molecules that target similar or identical zones. These markers can significantly interfere with, obscure, or amplify the functional effects of MMP‐targeting drugs, frequently leading to clinical failures. In response to this challenge, we propose a “one‐two punch” drug design strategy that integrates both target‐zone drug functionality and non‐target zone biological reporting within a single small‐molecule drug. We have developed a novel proof‐of‐concept mitophagy self‐check drug (MitoSC) that exhibits dual‐color and dual‐localization properties. The functional component of this system is a variable MitoSC that disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) homeostasis, thereby inducing mitophagy. Upon activation, this component transforms into a blue‐fluorescent monomer (MitoSC‐fun) specifically within the mitochondrial target zone. Concurrently, the biological reporting component is represented by a red‐fluorescent monomer (MitoSC‐rep) that localizes to lysosomes, the non‐target zone. As mitophagy progresses, the fluorescent signals from MitoSC‐rep (lysosomes) and MitoSC‐fun (mitochondria) converge, enabling real‐time monitoring of the mitophagic process. This strategy combines potent drug functionality with robust biological reporting, thereby minimizing interference and eliminating the complexities associated with external detection. Our findings underscore the potential of a single‐molecule drug to exert target‐zone specific actions while simultaneously providing non‐target zone self‐checking, offering a new perspective for drug design.
Mesoporous Cu Nanoplates with Exposed Cu+ Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Transfer Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Lv Hao , Sun Lizhi , Tang Deqing , Liu Ben 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrocatalytic transfer alkyne semi‐hydrogenation with H2O as hydrogen source is industrially promising for selective electrosynthesis of high value‐added alkenes while inhibiting byproduct alkanes. Although great achievements, their development has remarkably restricted by designing atomically sophisticated electrocatalysts. Here, we reported single‐crystalline mesoporous copper nanoplates (meso‐Cu PLs) as a robust yet highly efficient electrocatalyst for selective alkene electrosynthesis from transfer semi‐hydrogenation reaction of alkyne in H2O. Anisotropic meso‐Cu PLs were prepared through a facile epitaxial growth strategy with functional C22H45N(CH3)2‐C3H6‐SH as concurrent mesopore‐forming and structure‐controlled surfactant. Different to nonporous Cu counterparts with flat surface, meso‐Cu PLs with spherical mesopores exposed abundant Cu+ sites, which not only stabilized active H* radicals from electrocatalytic H2O splitting without coupling into molecular H2 but also accelerated kinetically the desorption of semi‐hydrogenated alkenes. With 4‐aminophenylacetylene (4‐AP) as the substrate, anisotropic meso‐Cu PLs delivered superior electrocatalytic transfer semi‐hydrogenation performance with up to 99 % of 4‐aminostyrene selectivity and 100 % of 4‐AP conversion as well as good cycle stability. Meanwhile, meso‐Cu PLs were electrocatalytically applicable for transfer semi‐hydrogenation of various alkynes. This work thus paved an alternative paradigm for designing robust mesoporous metal electrocatalysts with structurally functional metal sites applied in the selective electrosynthesis of industrially value‐added chemicals in H2O.
One‐Pot Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of π‐Extended Bipolar Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Bartkowski Krzysztof , Masoumifeshani Emran , Klimczak Urszula , Kotowska Martyna , Furman Bartłomiej , Foroutan‐Nejad Cina , Lindner Marcin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of straightforward synthetic methods for photoactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that avoid Pd‐catalyzed or radical‐based processes remains a challenge. Such methods are essential to reducing the cost and environmental impact of organic photodevices. In this work, we present a one‐pot synthetic approach for creating novel bipolar PAHs with extended π‐conjugation, which are not accessible via conventional Pd‐catalyzed routes. Our cascade process operates exclusively under basic conditions, utilizing cesium carbonate and molecular sieves to facilitate the coupling of electron‐deficient 4‐fluoronaphthalene‐1,8‐dicarboximide with halogenated electron‐rich moieties. This results in the regio‐ and chemoselective formation of new 6‐ and/or 5‐membered conjugated rings via consecutive SNAr reactions, as confirmed through experimental and computational studies. The resulting PAHs exhibit strong emissive properties, with quantum yields ranging from 34 % to 99 %. This work provides a simple and efficient synthetic strategy for producing novel semiconducting materials, offering a new framework for designing bipolar PAHs with distinct optical characteristics.
Phosphorescent Liquid Crystalline Polymer‐based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Optical Waveguides for Enhanced Photonic Signal Processing and Information Encryption
Authors: Li Jie , Guan Yan , Hao Tian‐Tian , Huang Jiang , Chen Yi , Li Heng , Duan Pengfei , Xie He‐Lou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEfficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) optical waveguides have significant potential for advancing photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of CPL optical waveguides materials (OWMs) with low optical loss coefficient remains a considerable challenge. To overcome this, we design and synthesize CPL OWMs based on room‐temperature phosphorescent liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs). Experimental results demonstrate that these LCPs exhibit a nematic liquid crystal phase and a phosphorescence lifetime of approximately 0.145 ms. By introducing a chiral dopant, we induce a chiral arrangement in the LCPs, followed by crosslinking via photo‐cycloaddition and removal of the chiral dopants through solvent soaking. The resulting polymers exhibit stable solvent resistance and highly efficient circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) properties, with dissymmetric factors (gRTP) in the range of 0.16 to 0.17. Notably, the CPP‐active OWMs exhibit efficient circularly polarized photonic signal waveguiding, with an optical loss coefficient of approximately 0.175 dB/mm. Ultimately, these CPP‐active OWMs are sucessfully applied in information encryption, decryption, and optical switching, paving the way for advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Control of Interlocking Mode in Pd4L8 Cage Catenanes
Authors: Montes‐Tolentino Pedro , Mikherdov Alexander S. , Drechsler Christoph , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrecise control over the catenation process in interlocked supramolecular systems remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a system in which a lantern‐shaped Pd2L4 cage can dimerize to form two distinct Pd4L8 catenanes with different interlocking degree: a previously described quadruply interlocked double cage motif of D4 symmetry and an unprecedented triply interlocked structure of C2h symmetry. While the former structure features a linear arrangement of four Pd(II) centers, separated by three mechanically linked pockets, the new motif has a staggered shape. Both assemblies are topological isomers, coexisting in equilibrium in solution. The triply interlocked species is thermodynamically more stable due to extended noncovalent interactions between the ligands, as supported by X‐ray structure analysis and electronic structure calculations. Notably, the degree of interlocking in the double cage system can be controlled by a change of temperature and through anion exchange. Cage‐to‐cage transformations were followed by NMR, MS and TIMS methods.
Modulating Perovskite Surface Energetics Through Tuneable Ferrocene Interlayers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Long Nicholas James , Vanin Francesco , Tremlett William D. J. , Gao Danpeng , Liu Qi , Li Bo , Li Shuai , Gong Jianqiu , Wu Xin , Li Zhen , Brown Ryan K. , Qian Liangchen , Zhang Chunlei , Sun Xianglang , Li Xintong , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Zhu Zonglong 
Published: January 2025

Achieving rational control over chemical and energetic properties at the perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface is crucial for realizing highly efficient and stable next‐generation inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this, we developed multifunctional ferrocene (Fc)‐based interlayers engineered to exhibit adjustable passivating and electrochemical characteristics. These interlayers are designed to minimize non‐radiative recombination and, to modulate the work function (WF) and uniformity of the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing device performance. The key role played by the highest occupied molecular orbital energies (EHOMO) of the Fc compounds relative to the perovskite valance band maximum (EVBM) is revealed. This relationship is pivotal in controlling band bending and optimizing charge extraction. Notably, the conformationally flexible and more easily oxidized ferrocenyl‐bis‐furyl‐2‐carboxylate (2) is found to more effectively bind with undercoordinated Pb2+ surface sites and modulate interfacial energetics, resulting in inverted PSCs achieving champion efficiencies of 25.16%. These cells also displayed excellent stability, retaining >92% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h of maximum power point operation at 65 °C. By correlating the broadly tunable Fc‐EHOMO with a decreased and homogenized perovskite surface WF, our work advances our understanding of Fc‐based interlayers and opens new pathways for their application in high‐efficiency solar technologies.
Synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography enhances our knowledge of the skull anatomy of a Late Triassic ecteniniid cynodont with hypercanines
Authors: Kerber Leonardo , Müller Rodrigo T. , de Simão‐Oliveira Daniel , Pretto Flávio A. , Martinelli Agustín G. , Michelotti Iasmim M. , Benoit Julien , Fonseca Pedro H. , David Romain , Fernandez Vincent , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Araújo Ricardo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHypercanines, or hypertrophied canines, are observed in a wide range of both extinct and extant synapsids. In non‐mammaliaform cynodonts, the Permo‐Triassic forerunners of mammals, long canines are not uncommon, appearing in several unrelated taxa within the clade. Among them is Trucidocynodon riograndensis, a carnivorous ecteniniid cynodont from the Late Triassic of Brazil, which exhibits a specialized dentition, including spear‐shaped incisors, very long and narrow canines, and sectorial postcanines with distally oriented cusps, all of which have finely serrated margins. Recent synchrotron X‐ray micro‐computed tomography of a large specimen (CAPPA/UFSM 0029; Várzea do Agudo site, Brazil) provides new insights into its lower jaw and dentition, as well as offers the first digital endocast of an ecteniniid. Our study reveals the presence of (i) putatively opened‐root canines in the adult stage and the possible presence of unresorbed remnant of an old canine, which may indicate that the specimen stopped replacing its canines; (ii) lower canines that are longer than the upper canines and, in occlusion, were kept inside deep paracanine fossae that perforated the dorsal surface of the rostrum; (iii) a diastema between the incisors and lower canine, which is absent in the holotype; (iv) advanced brain structures, such as the absence of a pineal body, presence of cerebral hemispheres divided by the interhemispheric sulcus and expanded laterally, and a higher encephalization quotient than non‐mammaliaform prozostrodonts, reflecting the homoplastic evolution of relative brain sizes observed in Triassic cynodont lineages. Finally, the abundance of carnivorous and omnivorous species at the Várzea do Agudo site, where the specimen was found—including the archosauriforms Dynamosuchus collisensis and Stenoscelida aurantiacus—suggests a diverse predator guild that warrants further investigation from a paleoecological perspective.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of dehydroabietyl imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones, 2,4,5‐triones, and 2‐thioxoimidazolidine‐4,5‐diones as TDP1 inhibitors and dual TDP1/TDP2 inhibitors
Authors: Kovaleva Kseniya S. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Gatilov Yuriy V. , Lastovka Anastasiya V. , Chernyshova Irina A. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Chepanova Arina A. , Lavrik Olga I. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterases 1 and 2 (TDP1 and TDP2), which are enzymes involved in the repair of DNA, are regarded as promising targets for the development of new anticancer drugs. In this study, a series of imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones, 2,4,5‐triones, and 2‐thioxoimidazolidine‐4,5‐diones based on dehydroabietylamine (DHAAm) were synthesized. The inhibitory activity of the new compounds against TDP1 and TDP2, as well as their cytotoxic characteristics, were evaluated. All types of heterocyclic DHAAm derivatives demonstrated effective inhibition of TDP1 in the micromolar range, with IC50 values in the range of 0.63–4.95 µM. It was observed that only the 2‐thioxoimidazolidine‐4,5‐diones were TDP2 inhibitors, representing the first class of dual TDP1/TDP2 inhibitors among DHAAm derivatives. The findings of this study may contribute to an enhanced comprehension of the subsequent design of novel dual TDP1/TDP2 inhibitors for the further development of new antitumor agents.
Understanding the shifting nature of fake news research: Consumption, dissemination, and detection
Authors: Amriza Rona Nisa Sofia , Chou Tzu‐Chuan , Ratnasari Wiwit 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFake news on social media spreads faster and has become a major societal concern, prompting numerous publications and knowledge sharing among researchers. This research aims to understand the shifting nature of fake news by investigating the citation relationships between significant publications using key route main path analysis (MPA). The process involves generating keywords, collecting and selecting relevant data, and conducting MPA on fake news in social media. The study analyzes 4.057 publications from 2010 to 2023, identifying 27 influential works shaping the knowledge diffusion in fake news research. Findings reveal two main phases: understanding fake news consumption patterns and analyzing its dissemination and detection mechanisms. Through multiple‐global MPA, five research trends are identified: health misinformation, fact‐checking, sharing behavior, fake news recognition, and physiological interventions. The study shows a continuous rise in publications and citations, with current trends focusing on health‐related misinformation. This analysis offers insights into the development and diffusion of fake news topics on social media, emphasizing the importance of historical development in guiding future research by uncovering current trends. Highlighting the historical progression of research provides valuable context, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the field.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 9/2024
Authors: Pál Balázs , Dobos László 
Published: January 2025

Denoising a medium resolution stellar spectrum with neural networks. Top: Example of a noiseless simulated stellar spectrum (blue) transformed to an “observation” by adding a realistic noise component (gray) such that the effective S/N≈19. Middle: Comparison of the original noiseless simulated spectrum (blue) and the reconstructed spectrum (dashed orange) using a trained denoising autoencoder. The two lines overlap almost entirely, indicating the high accuracy of the machine learning method. Bottom: Relative error calculated as the fraction of pixel‐wise residual noise and the original noiseless flux. The mean and maximum of the relative error are 0.175% and 1.806%, respectively. Formore details see the related paper by Pál and Dobos, published in this issue e240049. image
Activated Carbon from Birch Wood as an Electrode Material for Aluminum Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Paul Menestreau , Grimm Alejandro , Simões Dos Reis Glaydson , Manavalan Gopinathan , E S Sruthy , Thyrel Mikael , Petnikota Shaikshavali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to its sustainable approach, biomass is the subject of much research focused on the synthesis of multifunctional materials including electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, sawdust from the processing of birch logs was used to produce a highly porous carbon material (CBW) that is employed for the construction of electrodes for aluminum batteries (ABs) and supercapacitors (SCs). A multitude of characterizations indicated that CBW is built in with highly disordered amorphous carbons and an extremely high specific surface area of 3029 m2 g−1 which is predominant with microporous features. The chemical analysis of CBW indicated the presence of a significant amount of oxygen functionalities. As a cathode of AB, CBW achieved discharge capacities 115, 74, 54, 50, 47, 43, and 29 mAh g−1 at current rates 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 10.0 A g−1, respectively. Similarly, SC with CBW symmetric electrodes exhibited capacitances 143, 94, 87, 79, 74, 69, 65, and 51 F g−1 at current rates 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 10.0 A g−1, respectively. The electrochemical characterization revealed that CBW is promising for ABs and SCs, and controlling the porosity type could further enhance the performance.
Novel Approach for Efficient Separation of Primary Amines Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Authors: Wang Binhao , Shen Yu , Hao Ruonan , Pan Shuheng , Han Ruizhi , Ni Ye 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEfficient enantioselective separation is a critical process in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for the production of chiral compounds. Herein, we developed a novel approach for the efficient enantioselective separation of primary amines using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a commercially available SFC column, Cel1. The key factors of separation, including cosolvent ratios, total cosolvent percentages, and temperature, were systematically assessed in this study. It revealed that utilization of a cosolvent mixture consisting of methanol and isopropanol in a 1:3 (v/v) ratio with a low total cosolvent percentage of 5% resulted in superior retention and selectivity. Additionally, it was observed that maintaining mid‐range temperatures at 30 and 35°C achieved optimal balance between retention and efficiency. Employment of commercially available SFC columns streamlined the separation process, reducing analysis time and labor. This study highlights the effectiveness of SFC as a powerful tool for conducting high‐throughput enantioselective separations in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.
Cytologic diagnosis of fumarate hydratase‐deficient renal cell carcinoma: A single‐institutional experience
Authors: Mullane Patrick C. , Qian Xiaohua , Lau Hubert D. , Lowe Alarice Cheng‐Yi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFumarate hydratase‐deficient renal cell carcinoma (FHRCC) is an aggressive carcinoma that typically presents as advanced‐stage disease. Prompt recognition of FHRCC is critical for appropriate clinical care and genetic counseling for patients and family members. However, diagnosing FHRCC from cytology specimens is challenging, with limited characterization and no reports describing prospectively identified cases.MethodsCytology fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cases diagnosed as FHRCC were reviewed, including two prospectively identified cases.ResultsFive cases of FHRCC diagnosed by FNA cytology were identified in five unique patients. The cytologic samples included four FNAs with core biopsy and one FNA with cell block. Biopsy sites included kidney (n = 1), chest wall (n = 1), omentum (n = 1), lung (n = 1), and cervical lymph node (n = 1). All cases demonstrated cytologically malignant epithelial cells characterized by enlarged, round nuclei with variable pleomorphism, irregular nuclear membranes, prominent nucleoli, and moderate‐to‐abundant amounts of cytoplasm. Perinucleolar halos characterized by chromatin margination and pallor around macronucleoli were seen in all cases. Cytologic features not previously described included cytoplasmic macrovacuoles and eosinophilic globules, cytophagocytosis, and floral groups. Papillary architecture was rarely present on aspirate smears. Cell block sections showed variable architectural patterns. By immunohistochemistry, FH was definitively lost in three of five cases (60%), and 2‐succinocysteine was positive in all 5 cases (100%).ConclusionsCytologic specimens of FHRCC demonstrate salient cytomorphologic features that can support their initial diagnosis. Confirmatory immunohistochemical testing using a dual panel of fumarate hydratase and 2‐succinocysteine is recommended for the diagnosis in limited biopsy samples.
Changes in the Difficulty of Endodontic Cases Treated by Undergraduate Students at a University Clinic Between 1971 and 2019
Authors: Sunde Pia Titterud , Skallevold Erling , Kaur Manpreet , Ørstavik Dag Solmund 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the proportions of complicated endodontic cases treated by undergraduate dental students in a University clinic now and in the past.Material and MethodsData were obtained from the electronic records and previous publications from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway. The operators were dental undergraduate students in their final 2 years of training. Proportions of tooth types, diagnosis, and retreatments were studied.ResultsThe amount of endodontically treated molars increased from 18% in 1971% to 44% in 2019. The number of teeth with preoperative apical periodontitis increased from 31% to 46%, and retreatments from 9% to 15%. The changes were highly significant, with the greatest change occurring from 1984 to 2009.ConclusionUndergraduate students are exposed to more complicated teeth now than 50 years ago.
Chromosome 1 QTLs associated with response to bacterial leaf spot in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Morrison Audrey K. , Goldman Irwin L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBacterial leaf spot (BLS), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar aptata (Psa), is a seedborne, foliar disease affecting members of the Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, including table beet and Swiss chard crops. There is no known resistance to BLS in beet or chard. A diversity panel, modified from the Wisconsin Beta Diversity Panel (WBDP) and comprised of 219 accessions from the Beta vulgaris crop complex, was assembled and genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphism data. These accessions were screened by foliar inoculation of Psa and visually evaluated for percentage of diseased leaf tissue. Overall, sugar beet and Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima accessions had the lowest BLS response, whereas table beet accessions had the largest range of responses. Phenotypic means were adjusted using best linear unbiased estimates, and two different software programs, GWASpoly and GAPIT3, were utilized to conduct a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Leaf color was found to be significantly associated with and correlated with BLS response scores, and was used as a covariate in GWAS analysis. An association with BLS response was detected on chromosome 1 in the full WBDP, explaining upward of 21% of the variation in the phenotype. The marker associated with this quantitative trait locus (QTL), Chr1_61344476, showed an additive relationship between dosage and BLS response. Eleven candidate genes, described and annotated in sugar beet, were associated with this QTL. Some of these include F Box domains, RNA‐binding proteins, and calcium‐dependent kinases, all of which have roles in plant defense responses. Marker Chr1_61344476 may be useful in breeding for BLS resistance in members of the Beta vulgaris crop complex.