bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar Structure Models Revisited: Evidence and Data in Asteroseismology
Authors: Suárez Mauricio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper advances further an ongoing project to understand the history of stellar structure modelling and its inferential practice. It does so by taking a harder look at the data: how it is collected, analysed statistically, and represented in HR diagrams and stellar structure models alike. The focus is ultimately on the sorts of strong observational constraints revealed in the last two decades within the new and expanding field of asteroseismology. It is argued that the typical inferential practices in asteroseismology, while richly loaded with modelling assumptions of their own, do not raise any circularity worries that may compromise the quality or value of the data.
Idealizations in Astrophysical Computer Simulations
Authors: Jacquart Melissa , Arcadia Regy-Null R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines some of the philosophical literature on idealizations in science and the epistemic challenges idealizations potentially pose for astrophysical methodology, particularly its use of computer simulations. We begin by surveying philosophical literature on idealization connected to (1) kinds of idealizations deployed in science, (2) the aims of idealization in science, and (3) various strategies for de-idealization. Using collisional ring galaxy simulations as a case study, we examine how these three themes play out in the context of astrophysical computer simulations. Ultimately, we argue that deploying de-idealization strategies is central to bolstering epistemic confidence in simulations in astrophysics. We conclude with some remarks on the role of idealization in the context of astrophysical computer simulations more generally.
Local Expert Perceptions of Creeping Environmental Changes and Responses in Maldives
Authors: Stojanov Robert , Kelman Ilan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor the last several decades, low-elevation islands have been highlighted as being at the forefront of facing the impact of creeping environmental changes, notably from human-caused climate change. The islands’ low elevation, including in the Indian Ocean, has led to considering migration due to coastal erosion, sea-level rise, acidifying oceans, salinity intrusion, and changes in monsoon patterns and hence rainfall. Maldives is experiencing such creeping environmental changes which are often stated as being key factors affecting Maldivian society, livelihoods, and futures. Evidence from Maldivians, however, is that they perceive future sea-level rise to be a serious challenge at the national level, but rarely accept it as a local difficulty requiring action. Migration from their islands to other countries might be a potential option, especially when combined with other reasons for relocating, but they generally prefer to stay and adjust to all ongoing changes. Within this context, this paper reports field research from August 2013 in the capital Malé and nearby residential islands, using qualitative interviews with fifteen local experts. The results suggest that, besides a set of actually experienced changes, creeping environmental changes are perceived as being one of the important factors affecting Maldivian society and livelihoods. The results and interpretation, including in the context of major changes from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, identify some dissonance in understandings of possible impacts and resultant actions, in terms of recognising what might happen to the country yet not fully considering the action-related implications.
Health Beyond Borders: Migration and Precarity in South Asia
Authors: Kapilashrami Anuj , John Ekatha Ann 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMigration patterns in South Asia are defined by temporary migration of low-wage labourers within and across national borders. The conditions in which migrants move, live and work expose them to multiple health risks that cause chronic ailments, mental health problems, and increase their susceptibility to airborne and waterborne diseases. Despite this, public policies and mainstream discourses in the region overlook migrants’ health needs or tend to pathologize them as carriers of infectious diseases. In this chapter, we take stock of the regional evidence on migrants’ health, presenting an overview of their health and the underlying social and structural determinants. In reviewing this evidence, we identify the high-risk and disempowering conditions in which they work, the transient nature of their lives and livelihoods, and the intersecting inequalities they face based on distinct aspects of their social location. Together, these conditions, identities and social locations produce distinct yet inter-related and interlocking oppressive states of insecurity, disempowerment, dispossession, exclusion and disposability, locking migrants in a continuing cycle of poverty and ill-health.
Understanding Temporary Labour Migration Through the Lens of Caste: India Case Study
Authors: Rajan S. Irudaya , Keshri Kunal , Deshingkar Priya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTemporary labour migration is known to be one of the most important livelihood options used by the poorest sectors of society in a variety of contexts, in developing countries, including India. Using large-scale data from the Indian National Sample Survey, 2007–2008, this chapter tries to explain the structure and flow of temporary labour migration, and its relationship with caste. The results suggest that the highest share of temporary labour migrants is found among rural to urban migrants (63%), and that there is a dominance of inter-state migration, particularly from the under-developed states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh. Our analysis corroborates earlier studies and shows that temporary labour migration rates are higher at the national level among the most disadvantaged social groups, namely the Scheduled Tribes (STs) and the Scheduled Castes (SCs) (45 and 24 per 1000 respectively) compared to Other Backward Classes (19 per 1000) and Others (12 per 1000). Our analysis shows that temporary labour migration rates were twice as high among the poorest of the poor as any other caste group. The findings point to a strong link between caste and temporary migration in India.
Attraction and Detraction: Migration Drivers in Bhutan
Authors: Gosai Mayur A. , Sulewski Leanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile migration in Bhutan has often been characterized as predominantly rural-urban movement, the 2017 Population and Housing Census of Bhutan (PHCB) recently recognized rural-rural movement as the second largest migration trend in the country. With the census identifying family and employment moves as the two largest motivators for migration within the country, where are migrants most likely to migrate to in order to find opportunities? Obvious hubs of employment are the capital city of Thimphu, as the seat of government, and Paro, with the nation’s only international airport, both located in the more populous western part of the country. Other employment opportunities stem from the nation’s rich natural resources and the harnessing of those natural resources. The census in 2017 combined with variety of data sources is examined to identify some rationale in migration patterns. This research will seek to identify these migration drivers, as well as to identify the less obvious migration drivers throughout the country and their spatial patterns to help account for the nuanced migration patterns in this geographically diverse country.
Methodologies for Sustainable Development of TEN-T/RFC Corridors and Core Ports: Settlement Capacity of Industrial Firms in Port Related Areas
Authors: Russo Francesco , Chilà Giovanna , Zito Clara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe issue of industrial areas with specific rules and incentives, identified as Special Economic Zones has become increasingly important for undeveloped European regions. On a world level, the SEZs have allowed the significant development of the territories concerned. The main experiences are in the area of ports. It is possible to model some main developments that the SEZ can achieve on the basis of international results. It is modeled the maximum potential increase in employment due to the establishment of a SEZ, subject to land constraints. A test case is proposed referring to the TEN-T core node of Gioia Tauro in the Southern of Italy.
Methodologies for Sustainable Development of TEN-T/RFC Corridors and Core Ports: Public Incentives for Industrial Activities Location in Port Related Areas
Authors: Pellicanò Domenica Savia , Trecozzi Maria Rosaria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a regulated area where industrial activities are facilitated and have many incentives in order to become more competitive and attractive. The establishment of a SEZ is the responsibility of the national government which provides a model based on specific measures to attract investment. The local administrations have to define a plan, according to the national model, for the development of the SEZs in order to respect and enhance the peculiarities of each area. The goal is to push the strategic connection among logistics, industry and ports through incentive packages, including fiscal and non-fiscal ones, in order to have strong repercussions on economic development.The impacts of the SEZs can be assessed in terms of sustainability: social, environmental and economic. In relation to economic sustainability, the paper proposes a general model developed to estimate the financial burdens borne by the regional and national administrations deriving from the establishment of the SEZ. The paper introduces a test case of Calabria Region to estimate the financial burdens necessary for the SEZ establishment in the Gioia Tauro macro-node, into the TEN-T core network and the RFC.
Time-like entanglement entropy in AdS/BCFT
Authors: Chu Chong-Sun , Parihar Himanshu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the entanglement entropy for time-like subsystem in two-dimensional boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) both from the field theory and holographic point of view. In field theory, we compute the time-like entanglement entropy of a pure time-like interval at zero and finite temperature using the replica technique and analytical continuation. We find that, similar to the ordinary space-like entanglement entropy in BCFT, the time-like entropy also has a bulk phase and a boundary phase which corresponds respectively to the dominance of the identity block in the bulk and boundary OPE channels. However, we find that in Lorentzian BCFT, the time-like entanglement entropy posses a third Regge phase which arises in the Regge limit of the interval, when one endpoint of the time interval approaches the light cone of the mirror image of the other endpoint. We determine the phase diagram for the time-like entanglement entropy. We find that while the time-like entropy is complex in the bulk phase and has a boundary term in the boundary phase, there is no boundary entropy in the Regge phase. Moreover, it can be real or complex depending on which side the Regge limit is approached from. On the gravity side, we obtain the holographic time-like entanglement entropy from the corresponding bulk dual geometries and find exact agreement with the field theory results. The time-like entanglement entropy may be useful to describe the entanglement of a quantum dot on a half line.
Monomial functions, normal polynomials and polynomial equations
Authors: Gselmann Eszter , Iqbal Mehak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we consider generalized monomial functions $$f, g:{\mathbb {F}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}$$

f
,
g
:
F
→
C

(of possibly different degree) that also fulfill $$\begin{aligned} f(P(x))= Q(g(x)) \qquad \left( x\in {\mathbb {F}}\right) , \end{aligned}$$

f

(
P

(
x
)

)

=
Q

(
g

(
x
)

)

x
∈
F

,

where $$P\in {\mathbb {F}}[x]$$

P
∈
F
[
x
]

and $$Q\in {\mathbb {C}}[x]$$

Q
∈
C
[
x
]

are given (classical) polynomials.
Association between craniofacial patterns and third molar agenesis in orthodontic patients
Authors: Paddenberg Eva , Silva-Souza Alice Correa , Blancato Ariane Beatriz , Lepri César Penazzo , Proff Peter , Küchler Erika Calvano , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Third molar agenesis (TMA) is the most common craniofacial anomaly and has been associated with craniofacial patterns in different populations. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess a possible association between craniofacial patterns and TMA in German orthodontic patients.

Methods
Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with dental records including anamnesis, pretreatment lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms were evaluated. Cephalometric analyses were conducted digitally and lines, angles and proportions were measured to investigate craniofacial morphology. Skeletal classes were determined by the individualised Wits appraisal and ANB angle. The TMA was identified with the help of orthopantomograms. Patients showing agenesis of at least one third molar were included in the TMA group. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between TMA and craniofacial patterns (α of p ≤ 0.05).

Results
A total of 148 patients were included, 40 (27.0%) presented at least one missing tooth (TMA group) and 108 (73.0%) showed full dentition (control group). Skeletal class determined by the individualised Wits appraisal revealed statistical significance between the TMA and control groups (p = 0.022), in which TMA patients were 11 times more likely to present with an individualised skeletal class III (odds ratio 11.3, 95% confidence interval 1.7–139.5). Skeletal cephalometric analysis revealed no statistical differences between TMA and control groups for any further angular, linear and proportional parameters.

Conclusion
Third molar agenesis was associated with skeletal class III determined by the individualised Wits appraisal.
SARS-CoV-2-associated fatalities within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: an autopsy study
Authors: Autsch Angelina , Ihle Hannah , Kleemann Sandra , Sanft Juliane , Hahnemann Maria , Hubig Michael , Philipp Mike , Bauer Michael , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie , Gaßler Nikolaus , Mall Gita , Wittschieber Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 now exists for more than 3 years and has caused almost 7 million deaths worldwide. At the beginning of this study only little was known on the patients’ characteristics and comparative autopsy studies are still rare.

Material and methods
Between 11 March 2020 and 10 March 2021, 55 consecutive and complete autopsies of individuals who died in association with SARS-CoV‑2 infections were performed shortly after death (median PMI 6.8 h) by the same team. Clinical data were available in 45 of 55 cases. 1st vs. 2nd infection wave cases and male vs. female cases were compared.

Results
Thirty-five patients were male (63.6%) 20 were female (36.4%), average age 72.4 years. Seventeen cases (30.9%) could be assigned to the 1st and 38 cases (69.1%) to the 2nd infection wave. Forty-two of the decedents (76.4%) died due to COVID-19. Arterial hypertension, obesity, and cardiac hypertrophy were the most frequent detected comorbidities.

Discussion
The present study corroborates previous research data but also reveals new approaches for further comparative studies. Patient-specific personal and general ICU-related risk factors for the development of thromboembolisms oppose the effects of changes in anticoagulant medication.
The potential of thermally conductive polymer composites regarding crystallization fouling mitigation
Authors: Kiepfer H. , Stannek P. , Kuypers M. , Grundler M. , Bart H.-J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe fouling kinetics and amount of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, respectively, on different polypropylene/graphite composites in a flat plate heat exchanger are determined and compared to the reference material stainless-steel. For a straight evaluation of the fouling susceptibility of the materials the formation of bubbles on the materials is considered by optical imaging or excluded by a degasser. The results are interpreted using surface free energy and roughness of the surfaces.The results show that when bubble formation is avoided, the polymer composites have a very low fouling tendency compared to stainless steel. This is particularly the case when turbulent flows are present or when sandblasted specimen are used. Sandblasting also continues to increase heat transfer compared to untreated samples by increasing thermal conductivity and creating local turbulences. Depending on the test conditions, the fouling resistance formed on the stainless-steel surface is an order of magnitude greater than on the polymer composites. In addition, the fouling layers adhere only weakly to the composites, which indicates an easy cleaning in place after the formation of deposits.
Bessel beam generated LIPSS on NiTi wires
Authors: Marx Jan , Gurevich Evgeny L. , Schuleit Marvin , Esen Cemal , Ostendorf Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUltrashort laser pulses are used to generate Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). To apply LIPSS on small confined areas, the laser source must be focused to a small spot diameter. Contrary to commonly used high numerical aperture objectives, we present a Bessel beam-based approach to produce LIPSS covered lines with a width of 4 to 10 µm. Therefore, an 800 nm Ti:Sa-laser with a pulse duration of 110 fs and a repetition rate of 5000 Hz was used. The setup convinces with an extended depth of focus. Thus, high reproducibility of the process was proven, while no focus control and no specific requirements for the surface quality are needed. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by structuring the shell surface of nickel–titanium wires.
Translational control of Ybx1 expression regulates cardiac function in response to pressure overload in vivo
Authors: Varma Eshita , Burghaus Jana , Schwarzl Thomas , Sekaran Thileepan , Gupta Parul , Górska Agnieszka A. , Hofmann Christoph , Stroh Claudia , Jürgensen Lonny , Kamuf-Schenk Verena , Li Xue , Medert Rebekka , Leuschner Florian , Kmietczyk Vivien , Freichel Marc , Katus Hugo A. , Hentze Matthias W. , Frey Norbert , Völkers Mirko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRNA–protein interactions are central to cardiac function, but how activity of individual RNA-binding protein is regulated through signaling cascades in cardiomyocytes during heart failure development is largely unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase is a central signaling hub that controls mRNA translation in cardiomyocytes; however, a direct link between mTOR signaling and RNA-binding proteins in the heart has not been established. Integrative transcriptome and translatome analysis revealed mTOR dependent translational upregulation of the RNA binding protein Ybx1 during early pathological remodeling independent of mRNA levels. Ybx1 is necessary for pathological cardiomyocyte growth by regulating protein synthesis. To identify the molecular mechanisms how Ybx1 regulates cellular growth and protein synthesis, we identified mRNAs bound to Ybx1. We discovered that eucaryotic elongation factor 2 (Eef2) mRNA is bound to Ybx1, and its translation is upregulated during cardiac hypertrophy dependent on Ybx1 expression. Eef2 itself is sufficient to drive pathological growth by increasing global protein translation. Finally, Ybx1 depletion in vivo preserved heart function during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, activation of mTORC1 links pathological signaling cascades to altered gene expression regulation by activation of Ybx1 which in turn promotes translation through increased expression of Eef2.
Low-dimensional data-based surrogate model of a continuum-mechanical musculoskeletal system based on non-intrusive model order reduction
Authors: Kneifl Jonas , Rosin David , Avci Okan , Röhrle Oliver , Fehr Jörg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the last decades, computer modeling has evolved from a supporting tool for engineering prototype design to an ubiquitous instrument in non-traditional fields such as medical rehabilitation. This area comes with unique challenges, e.g. the complex modeling of soft tissue or the analysis of musculoskeletal systems. Conventional modeling approaches like the finite element (FE) method are computationally costly when dealing with such models, limiting their usability for real-time simulation or deployment on low-end hardware, if the model at hand cannot be simplified without losing its expressiveness. Non-traditional approaches such as surrogate modeling using data-driven model order reduction are used to make complex high-fidelity models more widely available regardless. They often involve a dimensionality reduction step, in which the high-dimensional system state is transformed onto a low-dimensional subspace or manifold, and a regression approach to capture the reduced system behavior. While most publications focus on one dimensionality reduction, such as principal component analysis (PCA) (linear) or autoencoder (nonlinear), we consider and compare PCA, kernel PCA, autoencoders, as well as variational autoencoders for the approximation of a continuum-mechanical system. In detail, we demonstrate the benefits of the surrogate modeling approach on a complex musculoskeletal system of a human upper-arm with severe nonlinearities and physiological geometry. We consider both, the model’s deformation and the internal stress as the two main quantities of interest in a FE context. By doing so we are able to create computationally low-cost surrogate models which capture the system behavior with high approximation quality and fast evaluations.
Acute Dysphagia Following Reperfusion Therapies: A Prospective Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Minchell Ellie , Rumbach Anna , Farrell Anna , Burns Clare L. , Wong Andrew , Finch Emma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDysphagia is a well-documented sequela of stroke. Recent advancements in medical treatments for stroke include reperfusion therapies (endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and thrombolysis). As outcomes following reperfusion therapies are typically measured via general functional scales, the pattern and progression of acute dysphagia following reperfusion therapies is less known. To determine the progression of acute dysphagia (0–72 h) following reperfusion therapies and relationships between various stroke parameters and dysphagia, twenty-six patients were prospectively recruited across two EVT and thrombolysis centres in Brisbane, Australia. Dysphagia was screened via the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) at the bedside at three timepoints: 0–24 h, 24–48 h, and 48–72 h post-reperfusion therapies. Across three groups (EVT only, thrombolysis only, or both), the incidence of any dysphagia within the first 24 h of reperfusion therapy was 92.31% (n = 24/26), 91.30% (n = 21/23) by 48 h, and 90.91% (n = 20/22) by 72 h. Fifteen patients presented with severe dysphagia at 0–24 h, 10 at 24–48 h, and 10 at 48–72 h. Whilst dysphagia was not significantly correlated to infarct penumbra/core size, dysphagia severity was significantly related to the number of passes required during EVT (p = 0.009).Dysphagia continues to persist in the acute stroke population despite recent advancements in technology aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality post-stroke. Further research is required to establish protocols for management of dysphagia post-reperfusion therapies.