bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by radiation therapy
Authors: Galassi Claudia , Klapp Vanessa , Yamazaki Takahiro , Galluzzi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

SummaryCancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate adaptive immune responses against dead cell‐associated antigens, provided that (1) said antigens are not perfectly covered by central tolerance (antigenicity), (2) cell death occurs along with the emission of immunostimulatory cytokines and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that actively engage immune effector mechanisms (adjuvanticity), and (3) the microenvironment of dying cells is permissive for the initiation of adaptive immunity. Finally, ICD‐driven immune responses can only operate and exert cytotoxic effector functions if the microenvironment of target cancer cells enables immune cell infiltration and activity. Multiple forms of radiation, including non‐ionizing (ultraviolet) and ionizing radiation, elicit bona fide ICD as they increase both the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying cancer cells. Here, we review the molecular determinants of ICD as elicited by radiation as we critically discuss strategies to reinforce the immunogenicity of cancer cells succumbing to clinically available radiation strategies.
Effect of suture closure and staple closure on postoperative wound complications in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Xiongfei , Shi Wenfeng , Qian Yuening , Ge Zhen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this meta‐analysis is to determine if the application of stitching in the closed area of the knee arthroplasty remains significantly superior to that of the staples. Data sources: EMBASE, Cochrane Libraryand, publications, and the Web of Science. Patients were treated with staples for closure of their wounds, or with conventional stitches for closure of wounds. The main findings were surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, and cutting time. The secondary results were the time to completion, the duration of the hospitalization, and the time to discharge. We incorporated the SIX trial into the meta‐analyses with Review Manager V.5.3. The hazard ratio was computed as a therapeutic outcome with respect to the heterogeneity. For more than 50% of heterogeneous samples, we employed a stochastic effect model. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the degree of infection, the degree of dehiscence, the length of the cut and the degree of satisfaction of the wound. But the time to close the wound and the time to operate were significantly different. The time needed to close the wound was shorter than that of the suture (OR, −227. 22; 95% CI, −238. 74, −215. 69 p < 0. 0001); The time taken to replace the knee was also significantly lower among those who had been stapled sutures (OR, −5.46; 95% CI, −10. 43, −0.49 p = 0. 03). Wound closing materials are an afterthought for many orthopaedic surgeons. Together, the findings from a number of comparative studies indicate that the selection of wound closure materials might affect the outcome of the surgery. The evidence, however, is weak because of the heterogeneous approach adopted in earlier research. This study program is intended to provide guidance on how to select the best wound closure material for the purpose of identifying if there is any difference in the incidence of injuries among traditional stitches and staples.
Adapting the Flipped Classroom Model to a Design Course in Online Learning Environments: A Case Study
Authors: Kocak Omer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the views of students enrolled on a desktop publishing course of the flipped classroom model adapted to a design course conducted in an online learning environment. The model was implemented over one semester, and at the end, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 65 volunteer students. Content analysis was used to analyse the students' views. It was determined that delivering course content through instructor‐created videos had a positive effect on student views of the course. In addition, the students stated that doing assignments outside the classroom and evaluating them during the course contributed significantly to their learning design. Finally, student views on the feasibility of conducting the course through traditional design teaching methods in an online learning environment were examined. The students stated that delivering the course in live online classes may have both positive and negative aspects.
Improved cerebral blood flow and hippocampal blood flow in stroke‐free patients after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hashimoto Naoaki , Arimoto Takanori , Koyama Kyoko , Kutsuzawa Daisuke , Watanabe Ken , Aita Satoshi , Aono Tomonori , Kobayashi Yuta , Wanezaki Masahiro , Otaki Yoichiro , Kato Shigehiko , Tamura Harutoshi , Nishiyama Satoshi , Takahashi Hiroki , Ohba Makoto , Haga Kazuyuki , Watanabe Tetsu , Watanabe Masafumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive dysfunction, even in stroke‐free patients. We aimed to test the hypothesis that CBF and hippocampal blood flow (HBF), measured with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), improve after catheter ablation of AF to achieve sinus rhythm (SR).MethodsA total of 84 stroke‐free patients (63.1 ± 9.1 years; paroxysmal AF, n = 50; non‐paroxysmal AF, n = 34) undergoing AF catheter ablation were included. MRI studies were done before, 3 months, and 12 months after the procedure with CBF and HBF measurements.ResultsBaseline CBF and HBF values in 50 paroxysmal AF patients were used as controls. Baseline CBF was higher in patients with paroxysmal AF than with non‐paroxysmal AF (100 ± 32% vs. 86 ± 28%, p = .04). Patients with non‐paroxysmal AF had increased CBF 3 months after AF ablation (86 ± 28% to 99 ± 34%, p = .03). Differences in CBF and HBF were greater in the group with AF restored to SR (p < .01). Both CBF and HBF levels at 12 months were unchanged from the 3 months level. Successful rhythm control by catheter ablation was an independent predictor of an increase in CBF > 17.5%. The Mini‐Mental State Examination score improved after ablation (p = .02).ConclusionSR restoration with catheter ablation was associated with improved CBF and HBF at 3 months, maintenance of blood flow, and improved cognitive function at 12 months.
Myocardial scarring and recurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in patients surviving an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Thomsen Anna F. , Winkel Bo G. , Golvano Leticia Camino Castrillo , Porta‐Sánchez Andreu , Jøns Christian , Ferro Elisenda , Bertelsen Litten , Vazquez Sara , Bhardwaj Priya , Stampe Niels Kjær , Ortiz‐Perez José T. , Andrea Rut , Engstrøm Thomas , Køber Lars , Vejlstrup Niels , Mont Lluís , Roca‐Luque Ivo , Jacobsen Peter K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrediction of recurrent ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in survivors of an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is important, but currently difficult. Risk of recurrence may be related to presence of myocardial scarring assessed with late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE‐CMR). Our study aims to characterize myocardial scarring as defined by LGE‐CMR in survivors of a VA‐OHCA and investigate its potential role in the risk of new VA events.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2022, a total of 230 VA‐OHCA patients without ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction had CMR before implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation for secondary prevention at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, and Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, of which n = 170 patients had a conventional (no LGE protocol) CMR and n = 60 patients had LGE‐CMR (including LGE protocol). Scar tissue including core, border zone (BZ) and BZ channels were automatically detected by specialized investigational software in patients with LGE‐CMR. The primary endpoint was recurrent VA.ResultsAfter exclusion, n = 52 VA‐OHCA patients with LGE‐CMR and a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 49 ± 16% were included, of which 18 (32%) patients reached the primary endpoint of VA. Patients with recurrent VA in exhibited greater scar mass, core mass, BZ mass, and presence of BZ channels compared with patients without recurrent VA. The presence of BZ channels identified patients with recurrent VA with 67% sensitivity and 85% specificity (area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63–0.89; p < .001) and was the strongest predictor of the primary endpoint.ConclusionsThe presence of BZ channels was the strongest predictor of recurrent VA in patients with an out of‐hospital cardiac arrest and LGE‐CMR.
Limits of the spatial ventricular gradient and QRST angles in patients with normal electrocardiograms and no known cardiovascular disease stratified by age, sex, and race
Authors: Stabenau Hans F. , Sau Arunashis , Kramer Daniel B. , Peters Nicholas S. , Ng Fu Siong , Waks Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMeasurement of the spatial ventricular gradient (SVG), spatial QRST angles, and other vectorcardiographic measures of myocardial electrical heterogeneity have emerged as novel risk stratification methods for sudden cardiac death and other adverse cardiovascular events. Prior studies of normal limits of these measurements included primarily young, healthy, White volunteers, but normal limits in older patients are unknown. The influence of race and body mass index (BMI) on these measurements is also unclear.MethodsNormal 12‐lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) from a single center were identified. Patients with abnormal cardiovascular, pulmonary, or renal history (assessed by International Classification of Disease [ICD‐9/ICD‐10] codes) or abnormal cardiovascular imaging were excluded. The SVG and QRST angles were measured and stratified by age, sex, and race. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the influence of age, BMI, and heart rate (HR) on these measurements.ResultsAmong 3292 patients, observed ranges of SVG and QRST angles (peak and mean) differed significantly based on sex, age, and race. Sex differences attenuated with increasing age. Men tended to have larger SVG magnitude (60.4 [46.1–77.8] vs. 52.5 [41.3–65.8] mv*ms, p < .0001) and elevation, and more anterior/negative SVG azimuth (−14.8 [−25.1 to −4.3] vs. 1.3 [−9.8 to 10.5] deg, p < .0001) compared to women. Men also had wider QRST angles. Observed ranges varied significantly with BMI and HR. SVG and QRST angle measurements were robust to different filtering bandwidths and moderate fiducial point annotation errors, but were heavily affected by changes in baseline correction.ConclusionsAge, sex, race, BMI, and HR significantly affect the range of SVG and QRST angles in patients with normal ECGs and no known cardiovascular disease, and should be accounted for in future studies. An online calculator for prediction of these “normal limits” given demographics is provided at https://bivectors.github.io/gehcalc/.
Direct etching of nano/microscale patterns with both few‐layer graphene and high‐depth graphite structures by the raster STM electric lithography in the ambient conditions
Authors: Yang Ye , Xu Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of raster STM electric lithography has enabled the etching of nano/microscale patterns on both few‐layer graphene (FLG) and high‐depth graphite structures on the bulk HOPG substrates under ambient conditions. This approach utilises a nanoscale probe tip as a machining tool to directly fabricate conductive sample surfaces without the need for resists or masks. Compared to conventional nano/micro machining methods, the capability of ultraaccurate fabrication of nanoscale patterns using this technique is unmatched. The resulting FLG structures exhibit ultrasmooth flat bottoms and uniformly controlled depths ranging from 0.34 to 3.0 nm (less than 10 layers). This work represents a significant advancement as it demonstrates the perfect etching of FLG structures in designated nano/microscale regions using raster STM electric lithography in the constant current mode, which reaches the limitation of top‐down manufacturing techniques. Additionally, raster STM electric lithography in the constant height mode can directly etch high‐depth structures (up to ∼100 nm). The geometric shape and number of layers of the etched graphene structures determined by either local anodic oxidation (LAO) or the electric discharge (ED) mechanism. The LAO mechanism results in less debris and smoother edges compared to the ED mechanism, which is caused by the random electrical discharge between the tip and the sample. The well‐controlled raster STM electric lithography technique is believed to be a promising and facile approach for constructing nano/microscale graphene‐based devices.
The Failure of Roy Bhaskar's Explanatory Critique
Authors: Hannegan William 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccording to Roy Bhaskar, social science can derive values from social facts by a process called “explanatory critique.” Bhaskar offers two different versions of explanatory critique: a belief‐based version and a need‐based version. Both versions are faced with a difficult objection. They seem either to employ an invalid inference or to assume the values that they are attempting to derive. I argue that at least the need‐based version of Bhaskar's explanatory critique falls to the objection, and that the belief‐based version on its own is insufficient. Bhaskar anticipates the objection and offers a defense. I show that his defense is unsuccessful. I also suggest a Baskar‐inspired alternative explanatory critique.
Careless whisper: Political elite discourses activate national identities for far‐right voting preferences
Authors: May Antonia C , Czymara Christian S 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile exclusionary national identities are widespread among Europeans, relatively few people vote for the far right in most countries. Thus, an exclusionary identity in many cases does not lead to voting for the most nativist types of parties. We explain this empirical puzzle by showing that these identities need to be activated to become behaviourally relevant. To this end, we analyse longitudinal comparative data of over 135,000 individuals across more than 26 years and 26 countries combining different survey programmes and manifesto data. We use latent class analysis to show that over half of respondents hold exclusionary conceptions of nationhood. Moreover, this type of national identity predicts voting far right. Using multi‐level modelling and within‐country estimators, we further demonstrate that this relationship is significantly stronger when a country's political elites across all parties become more exclusionary. Taking the activation hypothesis to the test in a European context, we conclude that the effect of national identity is conditional on its prior activation.
Covariation between oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes declines along the path from xylem water to wood cellulose across an aridity gradient
Authors: Holloway‐Phillips Meisha , Cernusak Lucas A. , Nelson Daniel B. , Lehmann Marco M. , Tcherkez Guillaume , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of cellulose in plant biology are commonly used to infer environmental conditions, often from time series measurements of tree rings. However, the covariation (or the lack thereof) between δ18O and δ2H in plant cellulose is still poorly understood.

We compared plant water, and leaf and branch cellulose from dominant tree species across an aridity gradient in Northern Australia, to examine how δ18O and δ2H relate to each other and to mean annual precipitation (MAP).

We identified a decline in covariation from xylem to leaf water, and onwards from leaf to branch wood cellulose. Covariation in leaf water isotopic enrichment (Δ) was partially preserved in leaf cellulose but not branch wood cellulose. Furthermore, whilst δ2H was well‐correlated between leaf and branch, there was an offset in δ18O between organs that increased with decreasing MAP.

Our findings strongly suggest that postphotosynthetic isotope exchange with water is more apparent for oxygen isotopes, whereas variable kinetic and nonequilibrium isotope effects add complexity to interpreting metabolic‐induced δ2H patterns. Varying oxygen isotope exchange in wood and leaf cellulose must be accounted for when δ18O is used to reconstruct climatic scenarios. Conversely, comparing δ2H and δ18O patterns may reveal environmentally induced shifts in metabolism.
Case of unicystic ameloblastoma with review of literature
Authors: Dahivelkar Sachinkumar , Mali Shrikant B. , Mahajan Aarti , Prakash Nilima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionAmeloblastoma is one of the most frequent benign odontogenic tumours of the jaw, accounting for approximately 10% of all tumours in the mandible and maxilla. It is a slow‐growing, locally invasive tumour that causes painless swelling of the jaw or maxilla.DiagnosisAmeloblastoma is diagnosed through computerised tomography imaging and a biopsy. A biopsy can help distinguish ameloblastoma from other cancers, such as ossifying fibroma, osteomyelitis, giant cell tumour, cystic fibrous dysplasia, myeloma, and sarcoma.TreatmentAmeloblastoma is best treated with vigorous en bloc excision and concomitant repair. Ameloblastoma therapy has long been plagued by high recurrence rates and extensive tissue abnormalities. Recent molecular findings strongly imply that ameloblastoma patients may benefit from targeted treatment. We offer a case report of unicystic ameloblastoma with a step‐by‐step customised therapeutic plan that prioritises patients’ desire.
Vapour pressure deficit was not a primary limiting factor for gas exchange in an irrigated, mature dryland Aleppo pine forest
Authors: Preisler Yakir , Grünzweig José M. , Ahiman Ori , Amer Madi , Oz Itai , Feng Xue , Muller Jonathan D. , Ruehr Nadine , Rotenberg Eyal , Birami Benjamin , Yakir Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change is often associated with increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and changes in soil moisture (SM). While atmospheric and soil drying often co‐occur, their differential effects on plant functioning and productivity remain uncertain. We investigated the divergent effects and underlying mechanisms of soil and atmospheric drought based on continuous, in situ measurements of branch gas exchange with automated chambers in a mature semiarid Aleppo pine forest. We investigated the response of control trees exposed to combined soil‒atmospheric drought (low SM, high VPD) during the rainless Mediterranean summer and that of trees experimentally unconstrained by soil dryness (high SM; using supplementary dry season water supply) but subjected to atmospheric drought (high VPD). During the seasonal dry period, branch conductance (gbr), transpiration rate (E) and net photosynthesis (Anet) decreased in low‐SM trees but greatly increased in high‐SM trees. The response of E and gbr to the massive rise in VPD (to 7 kPa) was negative in low‐SM trees and positive in high‐SM trees. These observations were consistent with predictions based on a simple plant hydraulic model showing the importance of plant water potential in the gbr and E response to VPD. These results demonstrate that avoiding drought on the supply side (SM) and relying on plant hydraulic regulation constrains the effects of atmospheric drought (VPD) as a stressor on canopy gas exchange in mature pine trees under field conditions.
Should price cannibalization be avoided or embraced? A multimethod investigation
Authors: Mehrdar Atabak , Li Ting 
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes price cannibalization as a growth strategy despite prior findings that suggests avoiding it. We focus on a multiclass, capacity‐constrained pricing problem in which each of the product classes has a price range. Specifically, we examine the effects of price range overlaps and introduce it as a revenue‐maximizing pricing strategy. Price cannibalization happens when sales in some product classes decrease due to the existence of overlaps between the price ranges. We employ a multimethod approach. First, we define a Markov decision problem to obtain the revenue‐maximizing strategy in a two‐class sales scenario. We show that price range overlaps are part of the optimal strategy. Second, we collect multichannel data from a European storage company to examine how price range overlaps impact a customer's purchase decisions. The results show that the existence of price range overlaps leads to cannibalization, but increases spending and improves conversion. Finally, we use simulations to compare several pricing strategies and demonstrate the long‐term effects of using price range overlaps in pricing algorithms in complex situations. Our findings suggest that using price range overlaps, though leads to cannibalization, actually helps companies avoid spoilage and early sellouts, leading to better capacity utilization and higher revenue.
Fluorescence‐activated multi‐organelle mapping of subcellular plant hormone distribution
Authors: Skalický Vladimír , Antoniadi Ioanna , Pěnčík Aleš , Chamrád Ivo , Lenobel René , Kubeš Martin F. , Zatloukal Marek , Žukauskaitė Asta , Strnad Miroslav , Ljung Karin , Novák Ondřej 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYAuxins and cytokinins are two major families of phytohormones that control most aspects of plant growth, development and plasticity. Their distribution in plants has been described, but the importance of cell‐ and subcellular‐type specific phytohormone homeostasis remains undefined. Herein, we revealed auxin and cytokinin distribution maps showing their different organelle‐specific allocations within the Arabidopsis plant cell. To do so, we have developed Fluorescence‐Activated multi‐Organelle Sorting (FAmOS), an innovative subcellular fractionation technique based on flow cytometric principles. FAmOS allows the simultaneous sorting of four differently labelled organelles based on their individual light scatter and fluorescence parameters while ensuring hormone metabolic stability. Our data showed different subcellular distribution of auxin and cytokinins, revealing the formation of phytohormone gradients that have been suggested by the subcellular localization of auxin and cytokinin transporters, receptors and metabolic enzymes. Both hormones showed enrichment in vacuoles, while cytokinins were also accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum.