bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial reprogramming by Hv1 antagonism protects neurons from inflammatory and glutamate toxicity
Authors: Hernandez‐Espinosa Diego R. , Gale Jenna R. , Scrabis Mia G. , Aizenman Elias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the precise mechanisms determining the neurotoxic or neuroprotective activation phenotypes in microglia remain poorly characterized, metabolic changes in these cells appear critical for these processes. As cellular metabolism can be tightly regulated by changes in intracellular pH, we tested whether pharmacological targeting of the microglial voltage‐gated proton channel 1 (Hv1), an important regulator of intracellular pH, is critical for activated microglial reprogramming. Using a mouse microglial cell line and mouse primary microglia cultures, either alone, or co‐cultured with rat cerebrocortical neurons, we characterized in detail the microglial activation profile in the absence and presence of Hv1 inhibition. We observed that activated microglia neurotoxicity was mainly attributable to the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, reactive oxygen species, and zinc. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of Hv1 largely abrogated inflammatory neurotoxicity not only by reducing the production of cytotoxic mediators but also by promoting neurotrophic molecule production and restraining excessive phagocytic activity. Importantly, the Hv1‐sensitive change from a pro‐inflammatory to a neuroprotective phenotype was associated with metabolic reprogramming, particularly via a boost in NADH availability and a reduction in lactate. Most critically, Hv1 antagonism not only reduced inflammatory neurotoxicity but also promoted microglia‐dependent neuroprotection against a separate excitotoxic injury. Our results strongly suggest that Hv1 blockers may provide an important therapeutic tool against a wide range of inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders.image
Restructuring palm oil value chain governance in Colombia through long‐term labour control
Authors: Serrano Angela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the cumulative effects of coercive and indirect labour discipline enable firms to reorganize production. Through a historical analysis of the palm oil industry in northeastern Colombia, I identify changing forms of value chain governance in relation to transformations in labour control regimes. The combined effects of multiple labour control strategies have weakened labour power and workers' overall possibilities to shape value chain governance. In this case, labour coercion directly diminished workers' associational power and enabled labour flexibilization in the industry, limiting workers' structural power. A dialogue between the Global Value Chains framework and Critical Agrarian Studies, with a focus on labour regimes, highlights that labour flexibilization can build on past instances of coercive control to transform the structure of a value chain. This research illustrates that coercion is not necessarily “extra‐economic” but is often intrinsic to the organization of the global economy.
Research collaboration beyond the boundary: Evidence from university patents in China
Authors: Cui Jingbo , Li Tianqi , Wang Zhenxuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeographical distance constitutes friction in searching for research collaborators. Taking advantage of a quasinatural experiment featured by High‐Speed Railway (HSR) lines in China, this paper employs the difference‐in‐differences model to identify the causal impact of a substantial improvement in the intercity transportation infrastructure on collaborative innovation across cities. The data pertain to a universe of patent applications filed by Chinese universities and their citations. We find that HSR contributes to a substantial increase in the innovation quantity and quality of collaborative patenting innovation between universities and corporates. It contributes to industry collaboration by utilizing university academic disciplines in the related technology fields. Lastly, HSR facilitates universities to search for new research partners with better quality beyond the geographical boundary.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2b study of the efficacy and safety of velusetrag in subjects with diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis
Authors: Abell Thomas L. , Kuo Braden , Esfandyari Tuba , Pfeifer Nathan D. , Grimaldi Maria , Renzulli Cecilia , Tacchi Raffaella , Zhou Kefei , Barnes Chris N. , Nguyen Deanna D. , Nguyen Linda , Talley Nicholas J. , McCallum Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of velusetrag—a 5‐HT4 agonist with pan‐gastrointestinal prokinetic activity—for gastroparesis symptom management and gastric emptying (GE).MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study, subjects with diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis received velusetrag 5, 15, or 30 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was a 7‐day mean Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index 24‐h composite score (GCSI‐24H) change from baseline at week 4; GE was evaluated using scintigraphy (GES) and breath tests, and safety from adverse events (AEs).Key Results232 subjects (183 females; 113 idiopathic gastroparesis) received treatment from February 2015 through June 2017. Least‐squares mean improvement from baseline GCSI‐24H (primary endpoint) at week 4 was −1.5 following velusetrag 5 mg vs −1.1 following placebo (treatment difference, −0.4; 95% confidence interval, −0.75 to −0.03; nominal p = 0.0327; Hochberg‐adjusted p = 0.0980 [not significant]). Symptom improvement from baseline was achieved only with velusetrag 5 mg, which resulted in greater improvement from baseline vs placebo in all gastroparesis core symptoms, especially in subjects with idiopathic gastroparesis. Improvement from baseline GE by GES was greater in subjects receiving velusetrag (all doses) vs placebo; >70% of subjects receiving velusetrag 30 mg had GE normalization at 4 h. Treatment‐emergent AEs were generally mild.Conclusions and InferencesVelusetrag treatment was generally well‐tolerated and associated with improved GE vs placebo in subjects with diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis; however, only the lowest dose, velusetrag 5 mg, was associated with short‐term improvement in gastroparesis symptoms.ClinicalTrials.govNCT02267525.
Adaptation and validation of the Person‐centered Care Assessment Tool (P‐CAT) to the Portuguese population
Authors: Barbosa Maria Miguel , Teixeira Laetitia , Edvardsson David , Paul Constança , Yanguas Javier , Afonso Rosa Marina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relevance of person‐centred care as an optimising approach to the quality of care provided to older adults has sparked the development of important instruments that measure this approach at residential care facilities and requires validation for the Portuguese population.ObjectivesThis study aims to adapt and validate the Person‐centered Care Assessment Tool (P‐CAT) to the Portuguese population.MethodsThe P‐CAT assesses the level of person‐centred care provided by residential care facilities, according to staff. The process of adapting the P‐CAT to the Portuguese population includes its translation, backtranslation and a pilot study. To recruit participants for the validation study, we contacted the Portuguese residential care facilities with emails provided in the official registries, and the study was also divulged on social media.ResultsThe study had the participation of 573 staff members. The mean score of P‐CAT was 50.76 (SD = 7.65). The exploratory factor analysis showed three dimensions: the extent of care personalisation, the amount of organisational support and the degree of environmental accessibility. The results show good internal consistency for the total scale (α = 0.809) and good temporal stability in the test–retest assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (0.893).ConclusionsThis version of the P‐CAT for the Portuguese population has shown adequate psychometric properties and contributes to the study of care provided at residential care facilities in Portugal through self‐reporting from staff.Implications for practiceThe availability of this instrument is useful for professional practice and research purposes and supports technical and scientific advancements that are necessary for the evolution of care frameworks.
Delivering COVID self‐tests through GetaKit.ca: Creating testing access during a pandemic
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick , Orser Lauren , Musten Alexandra , Ho Nikki , Haines Marlene , Lindsay Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the real‐world outcomes associated with using the GetaKit.ca website to distribute COVID self‐tests to persons with risk factors, with a focus on facilitating testing for persons who are Black, Indigenous, or of Colour (BIPOC).MethodsGetaKit was an open cohort observational study to distribute free self‐tests, starting with HIV self‐testings and then adding the Lucira Check‐It® COVID self‐test. Participants would register on our website and complete a risk assessment, which would calculate their need for each type of testing.ResultsFocusing on the COVID self‐tests, from September to December 2021 (with targeted outreach in winter 2022), we distributed 6474 COVID self‐tests to 3653 persons through 4161 unique orders, of which 47% came from BIPOC participants. Compared to white participants, BIPOC participants were more likely to have been a contact of COVID but less likely to be vaccinated. As well, 69% of results were reported back via the GetaKit.ca website, with 5.3% of these being positive. The positivity rate for our 3653 participants was 9.6%.ConclusionsDelivering COVID self‐tests via our website provided tests to BIPOC communities and yielded positivity rates that matched local COVID testing centres. This highlights the utility of such systems for delivering testing during future pandemics.
Governmental anti‐pandemic policies, vaccination, population mobility, Twitter narratives, and the spread of COVID‐19: Evidence from the European Union countries
Authors: Fedorova Elena , Ledyaeva Svetlana , Kulikova Oksana , Nevredinov Alexandr 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe provide large‐scale empirical evidence on the effects of multiple governmental regulatory and health policies, vaccination, population mobility, and COVID‐19‐related Twitter narratives on the spread of a new coronavirus infection. Using multiple‐level fixed effects panel data model with weekly data for 27 European Union countries in the period of March 2020–June 2021, we show that governmental response policies were effective both in reducing the number of COVID‐19 infection cases and deaths from it, particularly, in the countries with higher level of rule of law. Vaccination expectedly helped to decrease the number of virus cases. Reductions in population mobility in public places and workplaces were also powerful in fighting the pandemic. Next, we identify four core pandemic‐related Twitter narratives: governmental response policies, people's sad feelings during the pandemic, vaccination, and pandemic‐related international politics. We find that sad feelings’ narrative helped to combat the virus spread in EU countries. Our findings also reveal that while in countries with high rule of law international politics’ narrative helped to reduce the virus spread, in countries with low rule of law the effect was strictly the opposite. The latter finding suggests that trust in politicians played an important role in confronting the pandemic.
Fine mapping of meiotic crossovers inBrassica oleraceareveals patterns and variations depending on direction and combination of crosses
Authors: Cai Chengcheng , Pelé Alexandre , Bucher Johan , Finkers Richard , Bonnema Guusje 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYMeiotic recombination is crucial for assuring proper segregation of parental chromosomes and generation of novel allelic combinations. As this process is tightly regulated, identifying factors influencing rate, and distribution of meiotic crossovers (COs) is of major importance, notably for plant breeding programs. However, high‐resolution recombination maps are sparse in most crops including theBrassicagenus and knowledge about intraspecific variation and sex differences is lacking. Here, we report fine‐scale resolution recombination landscapes for 10 female and 10 male crosses inBrassica oleracea, by analyzing progenies of five large four‐way‐cross populations from two reciprocally crossed F1s per population. Parents are highly diverse inbred lines representing major crops, including broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kohlrabi, and kale. We produced approximately 4.56T Illumina data from 1248 progenies and identified 15 353 CO across the 10 reciprocal crosses, 51.13% of which being mapped to <10 kb. We revealed fairly similar Mb‐scale recombination landscapes among all cross combinations and between the sexes, and provided evidence that these landscapes are largely independent of sequence divergence. We evidenced strong influence of gene density and large structural variations on CO formation inB. oleracea. Moreover, we found extensive variations in CO number depending on the direction and combination of the initial parents crossed with, for the first time, a striking interdependency between these factors. These data improve our current knowledge on meiotic recombination and are important forBrassicabreeders.
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
Authors: Brincin Charlie , Payne Dylan J. L. , Grierson James , Wood Philippa , Robinson William P. , Giustino Vincenza S. , O' Sullivan Joseph , Pilati Filipo , Karydas Stavros , Keeley Ben , Bright Steve , Bobis‐Villagra Diego , Martin Stephen , Schofield Imogen , Matiasovic Matt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of radiographic examination on the recommendations made at the time of planned re‐evaluation of dogs after medial patellar luxation (MPL) surgery.Study designRetrospective multi‐institutional case series.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (N = 825) that underwent MPL surgery.MethodsRecords of 10 referral institutions were searched for dogs that had been treated surgically for unilateral MPL and underwent a planned follow‐up visit, including radiographs. The frequency of, and reasons for, changes in further recovery recommendations were investigated.ResultsFollow up was performed at a median of 6 (range, 4‐20) weeks postoperatively. Isolated radiographic abnormalities were identified in 3.3% (27/825) of dogs following MPL surgery and led to a change in recommendations in 3% (13/432) of dogs that were presented without owner or clinician concerns. Lameness, administration of analgesia at follow up, and history of unplanned visits prior to routine re‐examination were associated with a change in postoperative plan (P < .001). In the absence of owner and clinician concerns, the odds of having a change in convalescence plans were not different, whether or not isolated radiographic abnormalities were present (P = .641).ConclusionRoutine radiographs at follow up did not influence postoperative management of most dogs after MPL surgery in the absence of abnormalities on clinical history or orthopedic examination.Clinical significanceDogs that were presented for routine follow up after unilateral MPL surgery without owner concerns, lameness, analgesic treatment or a history of unplanned visits, and for which examination by a surgical specialist was unremarkable, were unlikely to benefit from radiographs.
Gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in different zygosity twins: a cohort study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Yawen , Liu Mingzhu , Zhang Yiming , Chen Zhong , Mei Hong , Liu Yan , Wu Hongling , Zhou AiFen 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether twin zygosity influences the association between neonatal outcomes and gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the Chinese guidelines in twin-pregnancy women.DesignA retrospective cohort study. And it is not a clinical trial.SettingWomen with twin pregnancies living in Wuhan, China.ParticipantsA total of 5140 women who delivered live and non-malformed twins from 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2017 were included in this study.Main outcome measureThe primary neonatal outcomes included paired small for gestational age (SGA, <10 th percentile birth weight for gestational age and sex), low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) and gestational age (<33 weeks and <37 weeks). The association between GWG and neonatal outcomes was examined by Logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 5140 women were included, of whom 22.24%, 54.78% and 22.98% were below, within and above the Chinese guidelines, respectively. Among the including 10 280 infants, 26.28% of them were monozygotic (MZ) twins and 73.72% of them were dizygotic (DZ) twins. Women with low GWG had a significantly higher proportion of LBW/LBW and LBW/NBW infants, a greater likelihood of SGA/SGA and SGA/appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants and a higher incidence of preterm birth. The associations persisted both in MZ and DZ twins, and twin zygosity influenced the degree of association between GWG and SGA, LBW and preterm birth. High GWG was associated with significant risk reductions in SGA/AGA pairs, LBW/LBW or LBW/NBW pairs, and less than 33 gestational weeks. However, high GWG was only associated with reduced risk of LBW/LBW pairs both in MZ and DZ twins.ConclusionsGWG below the Chinese recommendations increased the risk of SGA, LBW and preterm birth in both MZ and DZ twins. The effect was more pronounced in MZ twins than that in DZ twin pairs. A high GWG only reduced the risk of LBW/LBW pairs both in MZ and DZ twins.
Pathway Of Low Anterior Resection syndrome relief after Surgery (POLARiS) feasibility trial protocol: a multicentre, feasibility cohort study with embedded randomised control trial to compare sacral neuromodulation and transanal irrigation to optimised conservative management in the management of major low anterior resection syndrome following rectal cancer treatment
Authors: Coxon-Meggy Alexandra Harriet , Vogel Irene , White Judith , Croft Julie , Corrigan Neil , Meggy Alun , Stocken Deborah D , Keller Deborah , Hompes Roel , Knowles Charles H , Quyn Aaron , Cornish Julie 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionRectal cancer is common with a 60% 5-year survival rate. Treatment usually involves surgery with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy. Sphincter saving curative treatment can result in debilitating changes to bowel function known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). There are currently no clear guidelines on the management of LARS with only limited evidence for different treatment modalities.Methods and analysisPatients who have undergone an anterior resection for rectal cancer in the last 10 years will be approached for the study. The feasibility trial will take place in four centres with a 9-month recruitment window and 12 months follow-up period. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility of recruitment to the POLARiS trial which will be achieved through assessment of recruitment, retainment and follow-up rates as well as the prevalence of major LARS.Feasibility outcomes will be analysed descriptively through the estimation of proportions with confidence intervals. Longitudinal patient reported outcome measures will be analysed according to scoring manuals and presented descriptively with reporting graphically over time.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by Wales REC1; Reference 22/WA/0025. The feasibility study is in the process of set up. The results of the feasibility trial will feed into the design of an expanded, international trial.Trial registration numberCT05319054.
Characteristics promoting behaviour change: physician experience with a coalition-led quality improvement initiative to reduce excessive laboratory test ordering
Authors: Mathura Pamela , Marini Sandra , Spalding Karen , Duhn Lenora , Kassam Narmin , Medves Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAttempts have been made to reduce excessive laboratory test ordering; however, the problem persists and barriers to physician involvement in quality improvement (QI) remain. We sought to understand physician participation experience following a laboratory test overuse initiative supported by a QI coalition.MethodsAs part of a larger mixed-methods study, structured virtual interviews were conducted with 12 physicians. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Behavioural Change Wheel (BCW) were used to identify characteristics that influence physician behaviour change for QI leadership and participation and appropriate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test ordering. A content analysis of physicians’ statements to the TDF was performed, resulting in overarching themes; relevant TDF domains were mapped to the intervention functions of the BCW.ResultsNine overarching themes emerged from the data. Eight of 14 TDF domains influence QI leadership and participation, and 10 influence appropriate BUN-test ordering behaviours. The characteristics participants described that promoted a change in their QI participation, leadership and appropriate BUN-test ordering were: QI education with hands-on training; physician peer mentorship/support; personnel assistance (QI and analytics) and communication from a trusted/credible physician leader who shares data and insights about the physician role in the initiative, clinical best practice and past project success. Other elements included: a simply designed initiative requiring minimal effort and no clinical workflow disruptions; revised order forms/panels and limiting test-order frequency when laboratory tests are normal. Additionally, various future intervention strategies were identified. For their initial initiative participation, physicians acknowledged coalition leader or member credibility was more important than awareness of the coalition.ConclusionsBased on physicians’ described perceptions and experiences, coalition characteristics that influenced their QI leadership and participation, and appropriate BUN-test ordering behaviours were revealed; these characteristics aligned to several TDF domains. The findings suggest that these behaviours are multidimensional, requiring a multistrategy approach to change behaviour.
Physiotherapy assessment of breathing pattern disorder: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Grillo Lizzie , Russell Anne-Marie , Shannon Harriet , Lewis Adam 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo explore physiotherapists’ opinions of physiotherapy assessment of Breathing Pattern Disorder (BPD).MethodsQualitative study using focus groups (FGs) with reflexive thematic analysis and survey methods. The survey was distributed via social media and email to UK specialist physiotherapy interest groups. Two FGs, conducted in different settings, included physiotherapists based in hospital outpatients/community, private practice and higher education.ResultsOne-hundred-and-three physiotherapists completed the survey. Respondents identified a lack of consensus in how to define BPD, but some agreement in the components to include in assessment. Fifteen physiotherapists participated in the FGs. Three themes emerged from FG discussions: (1) nomenclature and language of breathing, (2) BPD and breathlessness and (3) The value of assessment of breathlessness.ConclusionThe inconsistent nomenclature of dysfunctional breathing pattern impacts assessment, management and understanding of the diagnosis. Clarity in diagnosis, informing consistency in assessment, is fundamental to improving recognition and treatment of BPD. The findings are useful in the planning of education, training, future research and guideline development in BPD assessment.