bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binary Coding of Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Кириллов В.С. 
Published: July 2023

В данной статье представлен алгоритм, который дает расширенные возможности представления ключей для иерархических структур. Использование бинарного представления материализованного пути позволяет эффективно сортировать узлы путем побитного сравнения и быстро вычислять верхний и нижний пределы для всех ключей элементов поддерева. Эта методика широко применяется в проектировании баз данных и в задачах фильтрации информации. В работе проведено сравнение данного алгоритма с различными подходами, используемыми в известных серверах баз данных. Результаты исследования подтверждают эффективность предложенного метода и его преимущества по сравнению с альтернативными подходами. Он обеспечивает более быстрое выполнение операций сортировки и вычисления пределов ключей, что является критически важным для эффективного функционирования баз данных и обработки больших объемов информации. Таким образом, представленный алгоритм имеет значительное практическое применение и может быть полезным инструментом при разработке и оптимизации баз данных, а также в других задачах, связанных с обработкой и фильтрацией информации.
This article presents an algorithm that provides enhanced capabilities for representing keys in hierarchical structures. By using a binary representation of the materialized path, it allows efficient sorting of nodes through bitwise comparison and rapid computation of upper and lower bounds for all keys within the subtree. This methodology finds widespread application in database design and information filtering tasks. The study compares this algorithm with various approaches used in well-known database servers. The research findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and its advantages over alternative approaches. It enables faster execution of sorting operations and computation of key bounds, which are critical for the efficient functioning of databases and processing large volumes of information. Therefore, the presented algorithm holds significant practical relevance and can serve as a valuable tool in the development and optimization of databases, as well as in other tasks related to information processing and filtering.
‘Amr Style in The Kitab al-Arba’in an-Nawawiyyah (Study of ‘Ilm Ma’ani)
Authors: Munir Afif Muttadin , Yusroh Yusroh , Thonthowi Thonthowi 
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to explain the form and meaning of the amr language style in the Kitāb Al-Arba’in An-Nawāwiyyah by Al-Hafizh Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syaraf An-Nawawi from the perspective of Ma’ani science. The author uses a descriptive-qualitative method with the Ma’ani Science approach to analyze the form and meaning of the amr language style contained in the Kitāb Al-Arba’in An-Nawāwiyyah. The results of this study indicate that from the aspect of the tool shape and the meaning of the amr language style context, there are 27 data that use three forms of amr language style. The three styles of language are 1) فعل الأمر (command verb), 2) الفعل المضارع المقرون بلام الأمر (fi’il mudhari’which is preceded by lam command), 3) اسم فعل الأمر (isim fi’il amr) two data. As for the meaning of the amr language style, the five meanings of the language style are 1) The meaning of إرشاد (irsyad / guidance), 2) The meaning of دعاء (du'a / request), 3) Meaning of التخيير (takhyir / choice), 4) Meaning of التهديد (tahdid / threat), and 5) The original meaning.
بلاغةالسخرية وفن إدارة الأزمات
Authors: Maslouhi Samira 
Published: July 2023

Analyzing and studying irony style in the daily life of individuals is of great importance due to the diversity of its topics and their intertwining, especially with the great influx and popularity caused by the spread of the Corona pandemic in a torrent of satirical discourse, such as jokes, funny video clips, cartoons, and others. In an attempt to address the state of panic and exaggeration that accompanied the emergence of the epidemic and the parallel discourse in the media, it is not an ordinary discourse produced by one individual but rather a cumulative discourse of social memory extended over time, in which the past overlaps with the present, thus forming a vessel for a cultural heritage that distinguishes a society and predicts its representations and opinions. And his attitudes towards different topics in his daily life or specific topics (educational, political, religious-, or some social phenomena. Irony in all its forms has been very popular. It has been popular with the public that every person has become a media device in itself, so it is enough to broadcast and publish pictures of senior officials wearing masks on their faces and protective gloves on their hands or while they are in quarantine to launch a barrage of satirical political jokes that It is not devoid of deep connotations that indicate a high level of social awareness and political criticism, dispelling many gaps and almost fading the existing gap between the top and the base.
Olahraga Rutin Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Pasien Hipertensi Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Tiksnadi Badai Bhatara , Sylviana Nova , Cahyadi Adi Imam , Undarsa Alberta Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu komorbid yang paling banyak ditemukan pada Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) dan berasosiasi dengan prognostik buruk dari infeksi tersebut. Olahraga rutin ternyata dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh, sehingga dapat berperan dalam pencegahan infeksi COVID-19 selain efeknya terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Olahraga tipe aerobik dengan intensitas sedang 30-60 menit, dengan cara tetap melakukan pembatasan jarak, ataupun dengan teknik home exercise dan virtual dengan daring, dapat dilakukan oleh penderita hipertensi dalam meningkatkan imunitas selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
WH-QUESTIONS TECHNIQUE GUIDE FOR MASTERING AND IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
Authors: Listyowati Rini , Hanna Ina Daril , Yunitaka B. Dinar Vincy 
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted using a classroom action research design through two cycles. The purpose of the study is to know how Guided WH-Questions technique are able to increase the speaking skill of the students at Junior High School. The research was conducted at SMP Al-Islamiyah Teja Barat Pamekasan. It is limited only at the first grade and the class consists of 19 students. The data was collected through observation sheet, field notes, the students’ test and questionnaire. In data analysis, the researcher utilized descriptive quantitative. The data from the outcome of observation and the students’ test are analyzed utilizing statistic analysis. The findings showed that the students’ involvement in learning process indicated the success of the teaching and learning if in the cycle 1 of meeting 1 was 77% and meeting 2 was 85,7%. Then. In second cycle of meeting 1 the students’ involvement improved to be 91, 4% and meeting 2 was 97%. The refinement was seen from the advance of the students’ average speaking points. In preliminary study, the students’ speaking average score was 54, 8. It improved to be 71 in the cycle 1 and 82 in the cycle 2. While the students’ outcome of the questionnaire showed the students were fascinated and enjoyed in studying speaking through Guided WH-Question.
Karakteristik Mutu Kimia Masker Wajah Beras Putih (Oryza sativa)-Lo’i Monca Tradisional Dompu
Authors: Kamagi Tri Wahyudi N , Tanggasari Devi 
Published: July 2023

People in Dompu Regency West Nusa Tenggara have always used traditional face mask products, namely masks lo'i monca which protect facial skin from the sun when they are active all day outdoors. Dompu traditional masks (lo'i monca) are made from rice, tamarind shoots, bangle, curcuma, temugiring, and galangal. This study aims to determine the chemical quality offacial masks in lo'i monca terms of pH, water content and antioxidants. This type of research is a type of laboratory experimental research. Based on the results of laboratory tests, the average pH value obtained by the face mask powder preparation lo'i monca is 7.08. In testing the water content, the average value of the powder mask preparation lo'i monca was 13.3%. The IC50 antioxidant activity test results for powder mask preparations lo'i monca were 14.47 ppm. The results of laboratory tests that meet the requirements are pH levels because the pH value is in the range of 4.5-8.0, while the results on the water content do not meet the SNI requirements because the water content value is more than 10%, and the results of the antioxidant activity test the IC50 value of mask preparations.powder is lo'i monca classified as a very strong antioxidant because it is at an IC50 value of less than 50 ppm.
Decompression Sickness Tipe 1 pada Nelayan Tradisional : sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Dewi Ni Wayan , Sutanegara Kadek Diah P , Praramdana Muhammad N , Kasiron Rizqi Al , Zulkarnaen Decky Aditya 
Published: July 2023

Decompression sickness (DCS) adalah suatu kumpulan gejala yang diakibatkan karena terbentuknya gelembung udara di dalam darah atau jaringan selama atau setelah terjadinya penurunan tekanan pada lingkungan (dekompresi). Secara umum gejala utama DCS tipe 1 (Pain Only Beds) adalah nyeri otot dan sendi. Sehingga untuk mendiagnosis Decompression sickness (DCS) tipe 1 adalah berdasarkan gejalanya dan adanya riwayat menyelam. Decompression sickness tipe 1 ditatalaksana dengan Pemilihan terapi penanganan awal berupa pemberian oksigen 100% melalui face mask, atau bila diperlukan melalui intubasi. sedangkan Terapi definitive dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan terapi oksigen hiperbarik (Hyperbaric Oxygen Theraphy) jika tersedia difasilitas layanan kesehatan primer maupun sekunder.
Analisis Mutu Fisik dan Kimia Masker Wajah Tradisional Sumbawa (Seme Babak) dari Kulit Batang Pohon Mangga Golek (Mangifera indica Linn)
Authors: Tanggasari Devi , Septianingsih Rika Dwi 
Published: July 2023

Masyarakat di Kabupaten Sumbawa terkhususnya di desa Pungkit, sejak dulu menggunakan produk masker wajah tradisional yaitu masker Seme Babak yang melindungi kulit wajah dari sinar matahari pada saat beraktivitas seharian diluar ruangan. Masker tradisional Seme Babak terbuat dari bahan utama yaitu batang pohon mangga dan bahan penunjang beras, beras ketan putih dan biji nangka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mutu fisik (daya sebar, daya serap, daya lekat, ukuran partikel, homogenitas, kadar kelambaban) dan untuk mengetahui mutu kimia pada masker Seme Babak Khas Sumbawa dengan antioksidan dan pH. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi dan eksperimen laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian laboratorium didapat hasil uji fisik nilai rata-rata ukuran partikel 60 mesh atau 0.25 mm, daya serap 8 ml daya lekat 6.43 detik, daya sebar 5.1 cm, bersifat homogenitas, kadar kelembaban 11% dan hasil uji kimia nilai rata rata uji antoksidan nilai IC50 sediaan masker bubuk Seme Babak tergolong antioksidan kuat berada pada nilai IC50 lebih dari 50 dan kurang dari 100 yaitu 68.2212 ppm dan kadar pH memenuhi syarat adalah kadar pH dikarenakan nilai pH berada pada kisaran 4.5-8.0.
GNSS Baseline Configuration Based on First Order Design
Authors: Mohamed Oday Yaseen , Ahmed Muayed Yaseen , Husain Zahraa Azeldeen 
Published: July 2023

The quality of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) networks are considerably influenced by the configuration of the observed baselines. Where, this study aims to find an optimal configuration for GNSS baselines in terms of the number and distribution of baselines to improve the quality criteria of the GNSS networks. First order design problem (FOD) was applied in this research to optimize GNSS network baselines configuration, and based on sequential adjustment method to solve its objective functions.
FOD for optimum precision (FOD-p) was the proposed model which based on the design criteria of A-optimality and E-optimality. These design criteria were selected as objective functions of precision, which lead to a homogenous and anisotropic network, respectively using Matlab programming language (V. 2012a). Al Ghammas Township, Al-Qadisiya city, which consists of twenty-five stations was taken as a study area in this research.
The results showed that there are 300 potential baselines for the GNSS network of the study area, which were reduced during the optimum configuration to about 70% of the total potential baselines by applying FOD-p, and there is high level of improvement in the objective functions of precision which reached to about 90% .
Impact Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Side Openings Subjected to Eccentric Axial Loads
Authors: Ali Nazar Kamil , Salahaldin Ali Ihsan , Hamza Ahmed Jabbar 
Published: July 2023

In this research the behavior of reinforced concrete columns with large side openings under impact loads was studied. The overall cross sectional dimensions of the column specimens used in this research were (500*1400) mm with total height of (14000) mm. The dimensions of side openings were (600*2000) mm. The column was reinforced with (20) mm diameter in longitudinal direction, while (12) mm ties were used in the transverse direction. The effect of eccentric impact loads on the horizontal and vertical displacement for this column was studied.
Nonlinear finite element analysis has been carried out using ready computer finite element package (ANSYS) to simulate the behavior of the reinforced concrete column with large side openings. Two load cases were considered in this investigation (C1, C2) with three different load values for each case. In the first case (C1) the loads was applied to one side of the column and in the second case (C2) the loads was applied to both sides. An Equilateral triangular load-time function was used for simulation the impact load results from gantry cranes supported by the column with total time duration (0.1 sec).
In order to verify the analysis method, as no experimental data exist for comparing the obtained results, another analysis is made for tested conventional column under impact load at mid-height and good agreement has been obtained.
For the above mentioned column, the maximum displacements were (33.3, 22.2) mm in the horizontal and longitudinal direction respectively, location of the maximum horizontal displacement was at the crown of the column. By comparing the results of the first loading case with the second one it is shown that in the horizontal direction, maximum displacement increases by (139%), (208%), and (147%) respectively, also the maximum vertical displacement increases by (150%), (172%), and (172%) respectively.
Punching Shear Strength of Self Compacted Ferrocement Slabs
Authors: Jaafer Abdulkhaliq Abdulyimah , Resan Sa’ad Fahad 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the behavior and strength of self-compacted ferrocement slabs under punching shear load. Experimental results of thirteen square ferrocement slabs of 500×500 mm simply supported on all edges are presented. The main parameters investigated include the volume fraction of reinforcement, slab thickness and size of load-bearing plate. The load deflection and cracking characteristics of the tested slabs are studied and compared. The test results showed that the volume fraction of wire mesh has significant effect on both ultimate load and displacement. The increase of slab thickness leads to decrease in deflection values and increase in stiffness of slabs. Both ductility and stiffness increase as the loaded area size is increased.
Planning of Distribution Networks in Baghdad City
Authors: Abdul-Wahhab Thamir M. , Hussein Adeeb Nasser 
Published: July 2023

Planning of electrical distribution networks is considered of highest priority at the present time in Iraq, due to the huge increase in electrical demand and expansions imposed on distribution networks as a result of the great and rapid urban development.
Distribution system planning simulates and studies the behavior of electrical distribution networks under different operating conditions. The study provide understanding of the existing system and to prepare a short term development plan or a long term plan used to guide system expansion and future investments needed for improved network performance.
The objective of this research is the planning of Al_Bayaa 11 kV distribution network in Baghdad city based on the powerful and efficient CYMDist software as a tool for the simulation and analysis of the network.
The planning method proposed in this thesis is to reach the optimum operating conditions of the network by combining the network reconfiguration in sequence with the insertion of capacitors with optimal sizing and locations. The optimum performance of the network is achieved by reducing losses, improving voltage profile and alleviating overload for transformers and cables.
Design a Multi-Choice Fuzzy Control System of the Greenhouse
Authors: Ismail Kais Said , AL-Jewari Qays Jebur Sabr 
Published: July 2023

Applications of nonlinear, time variant, and variable parameters represent a big challenge in a conventional control systems, the control strategy of the fuzzy systems may be represents a simple, a robust and an intelligent solution for such applications.
This paper presents a design of fuzzy control system that consists of three sub controllers; a fuzzy temperature controller (FC_T), a fuzzy humidity controller (FC_H) and a ventilation control system; to control the complicate environment of the greenhouse (GH) using a proposed multi-choice control system approach. However, to reduce the cost of the crop production in the GH, the first choice is using the ventilation system to control the temperature and humidity of the GH environment according to the external climate if it is possible, if it is not possible then the second choice uses the FC_T to actuate the cooling-heating system to control the temperature and FC_H to actuate the humidifier-dehumidifier to control the humidity of the GH environment. The resultant is a robust, multi choice and multi-mode capability system. The designed system reflects the fuzzy system capability to deal with complicated environments and its flexibility to use the same design in controlling different applications.
Digital Orthophoto Production Using Close-Range Photographs for High Curved Objects
Authors: Abed Fanar Mansour 
Published: July 2023

Orthophoto provides a significant alternative capability for the presentation of architectural or archaeological applications. Although orthophoto production from airphotography of high or lower altitudes is considered to be typical, the close range applications for the large-scale survey of statue or art masterpiece or any kind of monuments still contain a lot of interesting issues to be investigated.
In this paper a test was carried out for the production of large scale orthophoto of highly curved surface, using a statue constructed of some kind of stones. In this test we use stereo photographs to produce the orthophoto in stead of single photo and DTM, by applying the DLT mathematical relationship as base formula in differential rectification process. The possibilities and the restrictions of the used programs for the extraction of digital surface model & orthophoto production were investigated. The accuracy of the adjusted images using the digital differential rectification package, are checked using 3 check points and the RMSE was computed in 3-dimensions. Conclusions for usefulness and reliability of this test for such special applications were derived.
Competitive Removal of Cu2+, Cd2+and Ni2+by Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (Fe3O4)
Authors: Ebrahim Shahlaa E. , Alhares Hasanain Saad 
Published: July 2023

A competitive adsorption of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ ions from a synthetic wastewater onto nanomaterial was studied.(Fe3O4) nanoparticles obtained from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc., Houston, TX 77084, (USA), was used as nanosorbent. Experimental parameters included pH, initial metal concentrations, and temperature were studied for nanosorbent. The uptake capacity 11.5, 6.07 and 11.1 mg/g for Cu2+, Ni2+and Cd2+, respectively, onto nanosorbent . The optimum pH values was 6 and the contact time was 50 min. for Cu2+, Ni2+and Cd2+, respectively. The equilibrium isotherm for nanosorbent single system component is of a favorable type and Freundlich isotherm model gives the best fit model for representing the experimental data for this system. Binary and ternary component systems were conducted in order to find the adsorption isotherm constants for each component system using nanosorbent. A set of adsorption models were tested to choose the best fit model for the experimental data, Combination of Langmuir- Freundlich model seems to give the best fitting. In single, binary and ternary component systems, Cu2+ always adsorbed more favorable onto nanosorbent than Cd2+and Ni2+. The adsorption capacity parameters were: Cu2+> Cd2+> Ni2+. Thermodynamic study was carried out for these three pollutants onto nanosorbent. The results of adsorption show that the adsorption nature for heavy metals is an endothermic and physical nature process.
Use of non-Conventional Material to Remove Cu+2 ions from Aqueous Solutions using Chemical Coagulation
Authors: Abdul. Ahad Muna Yousif , Ibrahim Samer Jalil 
Published: July 2023

Coagulation - flocculation are basic chemical engineering method in the treatment of metal-bearing industrial wastewater because it removes colloidal particles, some soluble compounds and very fine solid suspensions initially present in the wastewater by destabilization and formation of flocs. This research was conducted to study the feasibility of using natural coagulant such as okra and mallow and chemical coagulant such as alum for removing Cu and increase the removal efficiency and reduce the turbidity of treated water. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) was carried out for okra and mallow before and after coagulant to determine their type of functional groups. Carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of okra and mallow were the major groups responsible for coagulation process. By using alum (conventional coagulants), okra and mallow (as a primary coagulant or in combination with the other two primary coagulants) and by the jar testing, the optimum pH-value and dose of the coagulants were determined. The results indicated that the optimal pH values were 6.7, 8 and 6 for alum, okra and mallow, respectively. Mathematical modeling show significant results (sig.<0.05) for the % Cu removal (dependent variable) with respect to coagulant dose (independent variable) for the okra as a primary coagulant, alum with okra and alum with mallow as binary coagulants and alum, okra and mallow as ternary coagulants .