bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials: An overview of synthesis, classification, characterization, and applications
Authors: Mekuye Bawoke , Abera Birhanu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSignificant research employing nanomaterials has been conducted in the field of nanotechnology over the past few years. Due to the significant advancements made in a number of industries, including electronics, energy, medical, cosmetics, food engineering, telecommunications, and agriculture, nanotechnology is advancing quickly. As a result, nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology. Due to their small size, nanomaterials have special optical, magnetic, electrical, and physical, reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, and stability features. Surprisingly, the phase change occurs when bulk materials are converted into nanomaterials, which means that materials that were previously non‐magnetic become magnetic at the nanoscale. Because of its unique features, nanoscale matter is a separate form of matter from the solid, liquid, gaseous, and plasma states. Nanomaterials' characteristics are mostly determined by their shapes and sizes. In this paper a critical overview of nanomaterials, their varieties, characteristics, synthesis techniques, and applications in various fields is offered.
A transcriptomic landscape analysis of human necrotizing enterocolitis: Important roles of immune infiltration
Authors: Xie Zhuojun , Kang Quan , Shi Yulu , Du Junbao , Jiang Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and destructive diseases in neonates and an unpredictable surgical emergency. However, the molecular pathological mechanism of NEC is still not well understood. This study was designed to provide a molecular basis for the pathogenesis of human NEC through bioinformatics analysis and immune infiltration. For RNA‐Seq, DEseq2 algorithm was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to perform functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration was analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm. A total of 34,712 genes were detected and 7463 DEGs were identified in this study. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in CCR1 chemokine receptor binding, transporter activity, growth factor binding, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. The immune infiltration profiles varied significantly between NEC, NEC self‐control, and normal intestinal tissues. Finally, the expression levels of 21 DEGs were verified by reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR. Our findings may provide new insights into the development of NEC.
Predicting favorable response to intravenous morphine in pediatric critically ill cardiac patients
Authors: Sperotto Francesca , Emani Siva , Zhu Lin , Delgado Marlòn , Santillana Mauricio , Kheir John N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAnalgesia and sedation are integral to the care of critically ill children. However, the choice and dose of the analgesic or sedative drug is often empiric, and models predicting favorable responses are lacking. We aimed to compute models to predict a patient's response to intravenous morphine.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from consecutive patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (January 2011–January 2020) who received at least one intravenous bolus of morphine. The primary outcome was a decrease in the State Behavioral Scale (SBS) ≥1 point; the secondary outcome was a decrease in the heart rate Z‐score (zHR) at 30 min. Effective doses were modeled using logistic regression, Lasso regression, and random forest modeling.ResultsA total of 117,495 administrations of intravenous morphine among 8140 patients (median age 0.6 years [interquartile range [IQR] 0.19, 3.3]) were included. The median morphine dose was 0.051 mg/kg (IQR 0.048, 0.099) and the median 30‐day cumulative dose was 2.2 mg/kg (IQR 0.4, 15.3). SBS decreased following 30% of doses, did not change following 45%, and increased following 25%. The zHR significantly decreased after morphine administration (median delta‐zHR −0.34 [IQR−1.03, 0.00], p < 0.001). The following factors were associated with favorable response to morphine: A concomitant infusion of propofol, higher prior 30‐day cumulative dose, being invasively ventilated and/or on vasopressors. Higher morphine dose, higher zHR pre‐morphine, an additional analgosedation bolus ±30 min around the index bolus, a concomitant ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion, and showing signs of withdrawal syndrome were associated with unfavorable response. Logistic regression (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC] 0.900) and machine learning models (AUC 0.906) performed comparably, with a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 71%, and negative predictive value of 97%.ConclusionsStatistical models identify 95% of effective intravenous morphine doses in pediatric critically ill cardiac patients, while incorrectly suggesting an effective dose in 29% of cases. This work represents an important step toward computer‐aided, personalized clinical decision support tool for sedation and analgesia in ICU patients.
Emergent Diffeomorphism Invariance in Toy Models
Authors: Nikolić Hrvoje 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConceptual difficulties in semiclassical and quantum gravity arise from diffeomorphism invariance of classical general relativity. With a motivation to shed some light on these difficulties, a class of toy models for which one‐dimensional diffeomorphism invariance, namely time‐reparametrization invariance, emerges at the classical level from energy conservation are studied. An attempt to quantize the models while taking the invariance seriously leads to toy versions of the problem of time in quantum gravity, of the cosmological constant problem, and of the black hole firewall problem. Nevertheless, all these problems are easily resolved by taking into account that the invariance emerges only at the classical level, while the fundamental theory that needs to be quantized is not diffeomorphism invariant.
Model‐based prediction of progression‐free survival for combination therapies in oncology
Authors: Baaz Marcus , Cardilin Tim , Jirstrand Mats 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProgression‐free survival (PFS) is an important clinical metric for comparing and evaluating similar treatments for the same disease within oncology. After the completion of a clinical trial, a descriptive analysis of the patients' PFS is often performed post hoc using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. However, to perform predictions, more sophisticated quantitative methods are needed. Tumor growth inhibition models are commonly used to describe and predict the dynamics of preclinical and clinical tumor size data. Moreover, frameworks also exist for describing the probability of different types of events, such as tumor metastasis or patient dropout. Combining these two types of models into a so‐called joint model enables model‐based prediction of PFS. In this paper, we have constructed a joint model from clinical data comparing the efficacy of FOLFOX against FOLFOX + panitumumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The nonlinear mixed effects framework was used to quantify interindividual variability (IIV). The model describes tumor size and PFS data well, and showed good predictive capabilities using truncated as well as external data. A machine‐learning guided analysis was performed to reduce unexplained IIV by incorporating patient covariates. The model‐based approach illustrated in this paper could be useful to help design clinical trials or to determine new promising drug candidates for combination therapy trials.
Selective and Stable CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Electronic Metal–Support Interaction upon Decomposition/Redeposition of MOF
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Trinh Quang Thang , Wang Haojing , Wu Shuyang , Arce‐Ramos Juan Manuel , Sullivan Michael B. , Kraft Markus , Ager Joel W. , Zhang Jia , Xu Rong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe CO2 electroreduction to fuels is a feasible approach to provide renewable energy sources. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental and theoretical investigations on various catalyst design strategies, such as electronic metal–support interaction, to improve the catalytic selectivity. Here a solvent‐free synthesis method is reported to prepare a copper (Cu)‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) as the precursor. Upon electrochemical CO2 reduction in aqueous electrolyte, it undergoes in situ decomposition/redeposition processes to form abundant interfaces between Cu nanoparticles and amorphous carbon supports. This Cu/C catalyst favors the selective and stable production of CH4 with a Faradaic efficiency of ≈55% at −1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for 12.5 h. The density functional theory calculation reveals the crucial role of interfacial sites between Cu and amorphous carbon support in stabilizing the key intermediates for CO2 reduction to CH4. The adsorption of COOH* and CHO* at the Cu/C interface is up to 0.86 eV stronger than that on Cu(111), thus promoting the formation of CH4. Therefore, it is envisioned that the strategy of regulating electronic metal–support interaction can improve the selectivity and stability of catalyst toward a specific product upon electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Quantum Dot‐Siloxane Anchoring on Colloidal Quantum Dot Film for Flexible Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Kim Changjo , Kozakci Irem , Lee Sang Yeon , Kim Byeongsu , Kim Junho , Lee Jihyung , Ma Boo Soo , Oh Eun Sung , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for next‐generation flexible solar cells because of near‐infrared absorption, facile bandgap tunability, and superior air stability. However, CQD devices still lack enough flexibility to be applied to wearable devices owing to the poor mechanical properties of CQD films. In this study, a facile approach is proposed to improve the mechanical stability of CQDs solar cells without compromising the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices. (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) is introduced on CQD films to strengthen the dot‐to‐dot bonding via QD‐siloxane anchoring, and as a result, crack pattern analysis reveals that the treated devices become robust to mechanical stress. The device maintains 88% of the initial PCE under 12 000 cycles at a bending radius of 8.3 mm. In addition, APTS forms a dipole layer on CQD films, which improves the open circuit voltage (VOC) of the device, achieving a PCE of 11.04%, one of the highest PCEs in flexible PbS CQD solar cells.
Exploring the Cutting‐Edge Frontiers of Electrochemical Random Access Memories (ECRAMs) for Neuromorphic Computing: Revolutionary Advances in Material‐to‐Device Engineering
Authors: Nikam Revannath Dnyandeo , Lee Jongwon , Lee Kyumin , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdvanced materials and device engineering has played a crucial role in improving the performance of electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM) devices. ECRAM technology has been identified as a promising candidate for implementing artificial synapses in neuromorphic computing systems due to its ability to store analog values and its ease of programmability. ECRAM devices consist of an electrolyte and a channel material sandwiched between two electrodes, and the performance of these devices depends on the properties of the materials used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of material engineering strategies to optimize the electrolyte and channel materials' ionic conductivity, stability, and ionic diffusivity to improve the performance and reliability of ECRAM devices. Device engineering and scaling strategies are further discussed to enhance ECRAM performance. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in developing ECRAM‐based artificial synapses in neuromorphic computing systems are provided.
Transition Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanism, Synthesis, Characterization, Application, and Prospects
Authors: Xiang Tianyi , Liang Yuntao , Zeng Yuxi , Deng Jie , Yuan Jili , Xiong Weiping , Song Biao , Zhou Chengyun , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessive accumulation of nitrate in the environment will affect human health. To combat nitrate pollution, chemical, biological, and physical technologies have been developed recently. The researcher favors electrocatalytic reduction nitrate reaction (NO3RR) because of the low post‐treatment cost and simple treatment conditions. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) offer great activity, exceptional selectivity, and enhanced stability in the field of NO3RR because of their high atomic usage and distinctive structural characteristics. Recently, efficient transition metal‐based SACs (TM‐SACs) have emerged as promising candidates for NO3RR. However, the real active sites of TM‐SACs applied to NO3RR and the key factors controlling catalytic performance in the reaction process remain ambiguous. Further understanding of the catalytic mechanism of TM‐SACs applied to NO3RR is of practical significance for exploring the design of stable and efficient SACs. In this review, from experimental and theoretical studies, the reaction mechanism, rate‐determining steps, and essential variables affecting activity and selectivity are examined. The performance of SACs in terms of NO3RR, characterization, and synthesis is then discussed. In order to promote and comprehend NO3RR on TM‐SACs, the design of TM‐SACs is finally highlighted, together with the current problems, their remedies, and the way forward.
Bioinspired Environment‐Adaptable and Ultrasensitive Multifunctional Electronic Skin for Human Healthcare and Robotic Sensations
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wu Mengxi , Cao Shuye , Liu Mengjing , Guo Di , Kang Zhan , Li Ming , Ye Dong , Yang Zhuoqing , Wang Xuewen , Xie Zhaoqian , Liu Junshan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultifunctional electronic skins (e‐skins) that can sense various stimuli have demonstrated increasing potential in many fields. However, most e‐skins are human‐oriented that cannot work in hash environments such as high temperature, underwater, and corrosive chemicals, impairing their applications, especially in human‐machine interfaces, intelligent machines, robotics, and so on. Inspired by the crack‐shaped sensory organs of spiders, an environmentally robust and ultrasensitive multifunctional e‐skin is developed. By developing a polyimide‐based metal crack‐localization strategy, the device has excellent environment adaptability since polyimide has high thermal stability and chemical durability. The localized cracked part serves as an ultrasensitive strain sensing unit, while the non‐cracked serpentine part is solely responsible for temperature. Since the two units are made of the same material and process, the signals are decoupled easily. The proposed device is the first multifunctional e‐skin that can be used in harsh environments, therefore is of great potential for both human and robot‐oriented applications.
LncRNA AC012360.1 facilitates growth and metastasis by regulating the miR‐139‐5p/LPCAT1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yun , Liu Ying , Shi Xue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, whether lncRNA AC012360.1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In HCC tissues, differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified by bioinformatics. AC012360.1 level was validated and its role in HCC progression was investigated. Among the top 10 upregulated lncRNAs, AC012360.1 exhibited the greatest increase in HCC tissues. Additionally, AC012360.1 was upregulated in HCC tissues/cells. Moreover, AC012360.1 knockdown refrained cell proliferation/metastasis and tumor growth. Conversely, AC012360.1 overexpression showed an oncogenic role. AC012360.1 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) contained miR‐139‐5p binding sites. Furthermore, miR‐139‐5p silencing partially mitigated the role of AC012360.1 knockdown, while LPCAT1 knockdown partially abolished the tumor‐promoting effect of AC012360.1 overexpression. In conclusion, AC012360.1 exhibited its oncogenic function in HCC through sponging miR‐139‐5p and upregulating LPCAT1 expression.
Cadmium‐induced pyroptosis is mediated by PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Li Zhihui , Shi Yan , Wang Yougang , Qi Haomin , Chen Haiyu , Li Jinquan , Li Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a hypertoxic heavy metal that may be exposed to environmental pollutants by humans and animals. It can lead to cognitive disfunction, and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Cadmium reportedly can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but few studies have concentrated on it in nerve cells, and the connection between ER stress and neuroinflammation. In this study, in vitro experiments on SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were carried out. We aimed at exploring whether Cd attributed to the cell pyroptosis and the role of PERK in promoting this form of cell damage which can induce strong inflammatory responses. Our results demonstrated that CdCl2 treatment induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, caused significant modifications in the expression of PERK and increased TXNIP, NLRP3, IL‐1β, IL‐18, and caspase1 in SH‐SY5Y cells. In addition, scavenging ROS with N‐acetylcysteine or inhibiting the expression of PERK by using GSK2606414, rescued the SH‐SY5Y cells from cadmium‐induced pyroptosis. In conclusion, the results suggest that Cd induces pyroptotic death of SH‐SY5Y cells through ER stress, and this may be the potential mechanism of Cd incurring neurological diseases.
Einleitung und Gang der Forschungsarbeit
Authors: Rakers Marius 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Digitalisierung befinden sich die Arbeitsprozesse vieler Wirtschaftssektoren im Wandel. Auch die Bankenbranche hat ihre Dienstleistungen in den vergangenen Jahren dieser Entwicklung angepasst. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf dem Massenzahlungsverkehr. Mehr als jede zweite Person in Deutschland nutzt für die alltäglichen Bankgeschäfte das Online-Banking.
Ausblick
Authors: Rakers Marius 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Echtzeitüberweisung führt durch ihre schnellere Umsetzung zu einer flexibleren Nutzbarkeit des Buchgeldes. Damit hat das Buchgeld, welches ohnehin zunehmend für alltägliche Geschäfte im privaten und unternehmerischen Bereich eingesetzt wird, ein weiteres Charakteristikum des Bargeldes angenommen. Wie das Bargeld kann auch Buchgeld nunmehr an jedem Tag im Jahr innerhalb kürzester Zeit an den Empfänger übermittelt werden.
On a class of conformal $$ \mathcal{E} $$-models and their chiral Poisson algebras
Authors: Lacroix Sylvain 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study conformal points among the class of $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models. The latter are σ-models formulated in terms of a current Poisson algebra, whose Lie-theoretic definition allows for a purely algebraic description of their dynamics and their 1-loop RG-flow. We use these results to formulate a simple algebraic condition on the defining data of such a model which ensures its 1-loop conformal invariance and the decoupling of its observables into two chiral Poisson algebras, describing the classical left- and right-moving fields of the theory. In the case of so-called non-degenerate $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models, these chiral sectors form two current algebras and the model takes the form of a WZW theory once realised as a σ-model. The case of degenerate $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models, in which a subalgebra of the current algebra is gauged, is more involved: the conformal condition yields a wider class of theories, which includes gauged WZW models but also other examples, seemingly different, which however sometimes turn out to be related to gauged WZW models based on other Lie algebras. For this class, we build non-local chiral fields of parafermionic-type as well as higher-spin local ones, forming classical $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
-algebras. In particular, we find an explicit and efficient algorithm to build these local chiral fields. These results (and their potential generalisations discussed at the end of the paper) open the way for the quantisation of a large class of conformal $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models using the standard operator formalism of two-dimensional CFT.
Occurrence of corneal sub-epithelial microneuromas and axonal swelling in people with diabetes with and without (painful) diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Sierra-Silvestre Eva , Andrade Ricardo J. , Colorado Luisa H. , Edwards Katie , Coppieters Michel W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Non-invasive in vivo corneal confocal microscopy is gaining ground as an alternative to skin punch biopsy to evaluate small-diameter nerve fibre characteristics. This study aimed to further explore corneal nerve fibre pathology in diabetic neuropathy.

Methods
This cross-sectional study quantified and compared corneal nerve morphology and microneuromas in participants without diabetes (n=27), participants with diabetes but without distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN; n=33), participants with non-painful DSPN (n=25) and participants with painful DSPN (n=18). Clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria were used to diagnose DSPN. ANCOVA was used to compare nerve fibre morphology in the central cornea and inferior whorl, and the number of corneal sub-epithelial microneuromas between groups. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare the type and presence of corneal sub-epithelial microneuromas and axonal swelling between groups.

Results
Various corneal nerve morphology metrics, such as corneal nerve fibre length and density, showed a progressive decline across the groups (p<0.001). In addition, axonal swelling was present more frequently (p=0.018) and in higher numbers (p=0.03) in participants with painful compared with non-painful DSPN. The frequency of axonal distension, a type of microneuroma, was increased in participants with painful and non-painful DSPN compared to participants with diabetes but without DSPN and participants without diabetes (all p≤0.042). The combined presence of all microneuromas and axonal swelling was increased in participants with painful DSPN compared with all other groups (p≤0.026).

Conclusions/interpretation
Microneuromas and axonal swelling in the cornea increase in prevalence from participants with diabetes to participants with non-painful DSPN and participants with painful DSPN.

Graphical Abstract