bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Insurer Classification of Nonemergent Pediatric Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Pomerantz Alexander , De Souza Heidi G. , Hall Matthew , Neuman Mark I. , Goyal Monika K. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Aronson Paul L. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Simon Harold K. , Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Wells Jordee M. , Shanahan Kristen H. , Gutman Colleen K. , Peltz Alon 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceGovernment and commercial health insurers have recently enacted policies to discourage nonemergent emergency department (ED) visits by reducing or denying claims for such visits using retrospective claims algorithms. Low-income Black and Hispanic pediatric patients often experience worse access to primary care services necessary for preventing some ED visits, raising concerns about the uneven impact of these policies.ObjectiveTo estimate potential racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes of Medicaid policies for reducing ED professional reimbursement based on a retrospective diagnosis-based claims algorithm.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis simulation study used a retrospective cohort of pediatric ED visits (aged 0-18 years) for Medicaid-insured children and adolescents appearing in the Market Scan Medicaid database between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. Visits missing date of birth, race and ethnicity, professional claims data, and Current Procedural Terminology codes of billing level of complexity were excluded, as were visits that result in admission. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of ED visits algorithmically classified as nonemergent and simulated per-visit professional reimbursement after applying a current reimbursement reduction policy for potentially nonemergent ED visits. Rates were calculated overall and compared by race and ethnicity.ResultsThe sample included 8 471 386 unique ED visits (43.0% by patients aged 4-12 years; 39.6% Black, 7.7% Hispanic, and 48.7% White), of which 47.7% were algorithmically identified as potentially nonemergent and subject to reimbursement reduction, resulting in a 37% reduction in ED professional reimbursement across the study cohort. More visits by Black (50.3%) and Hispanic (49.0%) children were algorithmically identified as nonemergent when compared with visits by White children (45.3%; P &amp;lt; .001). Modeling the impact of the reimbursement reductions across the cohort resulted in expected per-visit reimbursement that was 6% lower for visits by Black children and 3% lower for visits by Hispanic children relative to visits by White children.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this simulation study of over 8 million unique ED visits, algorithmic approaches for classifying pediatric ED visits that used diagnosis codes identified proportionately more visits by Black and Hispanic children as nonemergent. Insurers applying financial adjustments based on these algorithmic outputs risk creating uneven reimbursement policies across racial and ethnic groups.
Characterization of two tripartite motif-containing genes from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer and their expression in response to virus infection and microbial molecular motifs
Authors: Raji Sathyan Krishnapriya , Premraj Avinash , Thavarool Puthiyedathu Sajeevan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
We identified two tripartite motif (TRIM) genes, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, from the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer, and examined their responses to experimental betanodavirus infection and stimulation with microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Methods
Genes encoding LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 were identified, cloned, and sequenced from the Asian Seabass. We analyzed the sequence using a variety of bioinformatics tools to determine protein structure, localization, and establish a phylogenetic tree. By using quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed expression profiles of the LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 genes in response to betanodavirus challenge as well as molecular pathogen-associated molecular patterns like poly(I:C) and Zymosan A. The tissue distribution pattern of these genes was also examined in healthy animals.

Result
Asian Seabass homologues of the TRIM gene, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, were cloned, both encoding proteins with 547 amino acids. LcTRIM21 is predicted to have an isoelectric point of 6.32 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kilodaltons, while LcTRIM39 has an isoelectric point of 5.57 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kilodaltons. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 homologues were predicted to be localized in cytoplasm by in silico protein localization. Structurally, both proteins contain an N-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) zinc-finger domain, B-box domain, coiled-coil domain and C-terminal PRY/SPRY domain. Most tissues and organs examined showed constitutive expression of LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39. Upon poly(I:C) challenge or red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection, LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated, suggesting that they may play a critical antiviral role against fish viruses. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 expression were also upregulated by administration of the glucan Zymosan A.

Conclusion
The TRIM-containing gene is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits antiviral activity by targeting viral proteins via proteasome-mediated ubiquitination. TRIM proteins can be explored for the discovery of antivirals and strategies to combat diseases like viral nervous necrosis, that threaten seabass aquaculture.
Nanozyme‐Based Robotics Approach for Targeting Fungal Infection
Authors: Oh Min Jun , Yoon Seokyoung , Babeer Alaa , Liu Yuan , Ren Zhi , Xiang Zhenting , Miao Yilan , Cormode David P. , Chen Chider , Steager Edward , Koo Hyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFungal pathogens have been designated by the World Health Organization as microbial threats of the highest priority for global health. It remains a major challenge to improve antifungal efficacy at the site of infection while avoiding off‐target effects, fungal spreading, and drug tolerance. Here, a nanozyme‐based microrobotic platform is developed that directs localized catalysis to the infection site with microscale precision to achieve targeted and rapid fungal killing. Using electromagnetic field frequency modulation and fine‐scale spatiotemporal control, structured iron oxide nanozyme assemblies are formed that display tunable dynamic shape transformation and catalysis activation. The catalytic activity varies depending on the motion, velocity, and shape providing controllable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Unexpectedly, nanozyme assemblies bind avidly to fungal (Candida albicans) surfaces to enable concentrated accumulation and targeted ROS‐mediated killing in situ. By exploiting these tunable properties and selective binding to fungi, localized antifungal activity is achieved using in vivo‐like cell spheroid and animal tissue infection models. Structured nanozyme assemblies are directed to Candida‐infected sites using programmable algorithms to perform precisely guided spatial targeting and on‐site catalysis resulting in fungal eradication within 10 min. This nanozyme‐based microrobotics approach provides a uniquely effective and targeted therapeutic modality for pathogen elimination at the infection site.
Judicious Heteroatom Doping Produces High‐Performance Deep‐Blue/Near‐UV Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Suresh Subeesh Madayanad , Zhang Le , Matulaitis Tomas , Hall David , Si Changfeng , Ricci Gaetano , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Warriner Stuart , Beljonne David , Olivier Yoann , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are presented and it is shown how further borylation of a deep‐blue MR‐TADF emitter, DIDOBNA‐N, both blueshifts and narrows the emission producing a new near‐UV MR‐TADF emitter, MesB‐DIDOBNA‐N, are shown. DIDOBNA‐N emits bright blue light (ΦPL = 444 nm, FWHM = 64 nm, ΦPL = 81%, τd = 23 ms, 1.5 wt% in TSPO1). The deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on this twisted MR‐TADF compound shows a very high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 15.3% for a device with CIEy of 0.073. The fused planar MR‐TADF emitter, MesB‐DIDOBNA‐N shows efficient and narrowband near‐UV emission (λPL = 402 nm, FWHM = 19 nm, ΦPL = 74.7%, τd = 133 ms, 1.5 wt% in TSPO1). The best OLED with MesB‐DIDOBNA‐N, doped in a co‐host, shows the highest efficiency reported for a near‐UV OLED at 16.2%. With a CIEy coordinate of 0.049, this device also shows the bluest EL reported for a MR‐TADF OLED to date.
In Situ Electrochemical Oxyanion Steering of Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts for Optimized Activity and Stability
Authors: Wang Xunlu , Ma Ruguang , Li Shanlin , Xu Mengmeng , Liu Lijia , Feng Yihan , Thomas Tiju , Yang Minghui , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompared to traditional modulation by metal cations doping, oxyanions offer a higher possibility of mediating the performance of electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their special polyanion configurations and large electronegativity. However, the mechanism and rules of oxyanions mediation remain poorly understood. Herein, an in situ electrochemical oxyanion (NO3−, PO43−, SO42−, or SeO42−) steering strategy to study the variation and rules of OER performance for transition‐metal (TM = Ni, Fe, Co) hydroxide electrocatalysts is reported. Electrocatalytic experiments indicate both activity and stability of oxyanion‐modified TM hydroxides follow the order of PO43− > NO3− > SO42− > SeO42−. Electrochemical incorporation of PO43−or NO3−improves activity and stability of TM hydroxides. Conversely, SO42−or SeO42−doping significantly accelerates TM leaching and thus impairs OER performance. Theoretical calculations reveal that electrochemical oxyanion doping simultaneously modulates TM‐O covalency and TM‐3dband centers, correlating with TM stability and OER activity of TM hydroxides. This research constructs an oxyanion‐mediated rule for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts toward energy transformation.
Clinical characteristics and overall survival among acute myeloid leukemia patients with TP53 gene mutation or chromosome 17p deletion
Authors: Daver Naval G. , Iqbal Shahed , Huang Julie , Renard Camille , Lin Joyce , Pan Yang , Williamson Mellissa , Ramsingh Giridharan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractApproximately 5% to 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have TP53 gene mutations (TP53m), which are associated with very poor outcomes. Adults (≥18 years) with a new AML diagnosis were included from a nationwide, de‐identified, real‐world database. Patients receiving first‐line therapy were divided into three cohorts: venetoclax (VEN) + hypomethylating agents (HMAs; Cohort A), intensive chemotherapy (Cohort B), or HMA without VEN (Cohort C). A total of 370 newly diagnosed AML patients with TP53m (n = 124), chromosome 17p deletion (n = 166), or both (n = 80) were included. The median age was 72 years (range, 24–84); most were male (59%) and White (69%). Baseline bone marrow (BM) blasts were ≤30%, 31%–50%, and >50% in 41%, 24%, and 29% of patients in Cohorts A, B, and C, respectively. BM remission (<5% blasts) with first‐line therapy was reported in 54% of patients (115/215) overall, and 67% (38/57), 62% (68/110), and 19% (9/48) for respective cohorts (median BM remission duration: 6.3, 6.9, and 5.4 months). Median overall survival (95% CI) was 7.4 months (6.0–8.8) for Cohort A, 9.4 months (7.2–10.4) for Cohort B, and 5.9 months (4.3–7.5) for Cohort C. There were no differences in survival by treatment type after adjusting for the effects of relevant covariates (Cohort A vs. C adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7–1.3; Cohort A vs. B aHR = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7–1.5; and Cohort C vs. B aHR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8–1.6). Patients with TP53m AML have dismal outcomes with current therapies, demonstrating the high unmet need for improved treatments.
Rivaroxaban versus nadroparin for thromboprophylaxis following thoracic surgery for lung cancer: A randomized, noninferiority trial
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Bao Yi , Jiang Chao , Chen Linsong , Xu Lisha , Liu Xiaogang , Li Jiaqi , Yang Yang , Jiang Gening , Li Jian , She Yunlang , Chen Qiankun , Shen Lei , Chen Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe benefit of rivaroxaban in thromboprophylaxis after oncologic lung surgery remains unknown. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer were enrolled, and randomly assigned to rivaroxaban or nadroparin groups in a 1:1 ratio; anticoagulants were initiated 12–24 h after surgery and continued until discharge. Four hundred participants were required according to a noninferiority margin of 2%, assuming venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrence rates of 6.0% and 12.6% for patients in the rivaroxaban and nadroparin groups, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome was any VTE during the treatment and 30‐day follow‐up periods. The safety outcome was any on‐treatment bleeding event. Finally, 403 patients were randomized (intention‐to‐treat [ITT] population), with 381 included in per‐protocol (PP) population. The primary efficacy outcomes occurred in 12.5% (25/200) of the rivaroxaban group and 17.7% (36/203) of the nadroparin group (absolute risk reduction, −5.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], [−12.2–1.7]), indicating the noninferiority of rivaroxaban in ITT population. Sensitivity analysis was performed in the PP population and yielded similar results, confirming the noninferiority of rivaroxaban. In the safety analysis population, the incidence of any on‐treatment bleeding events did not differ significantly between the groups (12.2% for rivaroxaban vs. 7.0% for nadroparin; relative risk [RR], 1.9; 95% CI, [0.9–3.7]; p = .08), including major bleeding (9.7% vs. 6.5%; RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.9–3.7]; p = .24), and nonmajor bleeding (2.6% vs. 0.5%; RR, 5.2 [95% CI, 0.6–45.2]; p = .13). Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after oncologic lung surgery was shown to be noninferior to nadroparin.
Ameliorative effects of glycine on cobalt chloride‐induced hepato‐renal toxicity in rats
Authors: Iji Oluwafikemi Temitayo , Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Esan Oluwaseun Olanrewaju , Awoyomi Omolola Victoria , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Adetona Moses Olusola , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Yakubu Momoh Audu , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi , Nwulia Evaristus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe important roles of liver and kidney in the elimination of injurious chemicals make them highly susceptible to the noxious activities of various toxicants including cobalt chloride (CoCl2). This study was designed to investigate the role of glycine in the mitigation of hepato‐renal toxicities associated with CoCl2 exposure.MethodsForty‐two (42) male rats were grouped as Control; (CoCl2; 300 ppm); CoCl2 + Glycine (50 mg/kg); CoCl2 + Glycine (100 mg/kg); Glycine (50 mg/kg); and Glycine (100 mg/kg). The markers of hepatic and renal damage, oxidative stress, the antioxidant defense system, histopathology, and immunohistochemical localization of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and renal podocin were evaluated.ResultsGlycine significantly reduced the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde content and H2O2 generation), liver function tests (ALT, AST, and ALP), markers of renal function (creatinine and BUN), and decreased the expression of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and podocin compared with rats exposed to CoCl2 toxicity without glycine treatment. Histopathology lesions including patchy tubular epithelial necrosis, tubular epithelial degeneration and periglomerular inflammation in renal tissues, and severe portal hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, and duct hyperplasia were observed in hepatic tissues of rats exposed to CoCl2 toxicity, but were mild to absent in glycine‐treated rats.ConclusionThe results of this study clearly demonstrate protective effects of glycine against CoCl2‐induced tissue injuries and derangement of physiological activities of the hepatic and renal systems in rats. The protective effects are mediated via augmentation of total antioxidant capacity and upregulation of NGAL and podocin expression.
Effect of intravenous fluid therapy for acute alcohol intoxication on length of time from arrival at the emergency department until awakening: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Terayama Takero , Sasa Ruka , Nakatani Yuka , Tanaka Fumika , Terashige Sho , Higashiyama Daishi , Sugiura Takao , Hatanaka Kosuke , Nishiyama Takashi , Takeshima Shigeto 
Published: May 2023

AimTo evaluate the association of intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy on the length of time from arrival at the emergency department (ED) until awakening in cases of acute alcohol intoxication.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective, observational study was conducted in the ED of the Self‐Defense Forces Central Hospital during October 1, 2018 to July 31, 2019. Patients with 1,000 mL bolus of lactated Ringer's solution and those without bolus were compared. The primary outcome was the length of time until awakening. Secondary outcomes were the length of stay in the ED and occurrence of conditions requiring extra care. Predictors of the occurrence of any event requiring extra care were identified.ResultsWe included 201 patients, of whom 109 received IVF and 92 did not. No significant difference existed in the baseline characteristics between the groups. The median length of time until awakening did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.77). Multivariable regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, hemoglobin, blood alcohol concentration, and initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score demonstrated that the regression coefficient of IVF for length of time until awakening was −9.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], −36.2 to 17.2). Hemoglobin (regression coefficient, 10.1; 95% CI, 0.38–19.9) and initial GCS score (regression coefficient, −7.51; 95% CI, −10.8 to −4.21) were significantly associated with length of time.ConclusionIVF therapy was not associated with the length of time until awakening in patients with acute alcohol intoxication in the ED. Routine IVF administration was unnecessary.
A Dicyanomethyl Radical Conjugated with a Pyridylamino Group: Combining Radical‐based Dynamic Covalent Chemistry and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroki , Sakamaki Daisuke , Fujiwara Hideki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we aimed to develop a dicyanomethyl radical that undergoes both reversible C−C bond formation/dissociation and metal‐ligand coordination reactions to combine dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) based on organic radicals with coordination chemistry. We have previously reported a dicyanomethyl radical conjugated with a triphenylamine (1⋅) that exhibits a monomer/dimer equilibrium between the σ‐bonded dimer (12). We designed and synthesized a novel dicyanomethyl radical with a pyridyl group as a coordination point (2⋅) by replacing the phenyl group of 1⋅ with a 3‐pyridyl group. We showed that 2⋅ is also in an equilibrium with the σ‐bonded dimer (22) in solution and has suitable thermodynamic parameters for application in DCC. 22 coordinates to PdCl2 in a 2 : 2 ratio to selectively form a metallamacrocycle (22)2(PdCl2)2, and its structure was clarified by single crystal X‐ray analysis. Variable‐temperature NMR, ESR, and electronic absorption measurements revealed that (22)2(PdCl2)2 also undergoes the reversible C−C bond formation/dissociation reaction. Ligand‐exchange experiment showed that 22 was liberated from (22)2(PdCl2)2 by the addition of another ligand with a higher affinity for PdII. This work demonstrated that DCC based on dicyanomethyl radicals works orthogonally to metal‐ligand coordination reactions.
Regioselective Formal β‐Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds Enabled by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Liu Kun , Wang Zhe , Künzel Augustinus N. , Layh Marcus , Studer Armido 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Tsuji–Trost reaction between carbonyl compounds and allylic precursors has been widely used in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. As the α‐C−H bond is far more acidic than the β‐C−H bond, carbonyl compounds undergo highly regioselective allylation at the α‐position and their β‐allylation is therefore highly challenging. This innate α‐reactivity conversely hampers diversity, especially if the corresponding β‐allylation product is targeted. Herein, we present a formal intermolecular β‐C−C bond formation reaction of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones with different allyl electrophiles through cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis. β‐Selectivity is achieved via initial transformation of the aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding silyl enol ethers. The overall transformation features mild conditions, excellent regioselectivity, wide functional group tolerance and high reaction efficiency. The introduced facile and regioselective β‐allylation of carbonyl compounds proceeding through cooperative catalysis allows the preparation of valuable building blocks that are difficult to access from aldehydes and ketones using existing methodology.
Behavioral event detection and rate estimation for autonomous vehicle evaluation
Authors: Terres Maria A. , Chen Aiyou , Zhou Rachel , McLeod Claire M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutonomous vehicles are continually increasing their presence on public roads. However, before any new autonomous driving software can be approved, it must first undergo a rigorous assessment of driving quality. These quality evaluations typically focus on estimating the frequency of (undesirable) behavioral events. While rate estimation would be straight‐forward with complete data, in the autonomous driving setting this estimation is greatly complicated by the fact that detecting these events within large driving logs is a non‐trivial task that often involves human reviewers. In this article, we outline a streaming partial tiered event review configuration that ensures both high recall and high precision on the events of interest. In addition, the framework allows for valid streaming estimates at any phase of the data collection process, even when labels are incomplete, for which we develop the maximum likelihood estimate and show it is unbiased. Constructing honest and effective confidence intervals (CI) for these rate estimates, particularly for rare safety‐critical events, is a novel and challenging statistical problem due to the complexity of the data likelihood. We develop and compare several CI approximations, including a novel gamma CI method that approximates the exact but intractable distribution with a weighted sum of independent Poisson random variables. There is a clear trade‐off between statistical coverage and interval width across the different CI methods, and the extent of this trade‐off varies depending on the specific application settings (e.g., rare vs. common events). In particular, we argue that our proposed CI method is the best‐suited when estimating the rate of safety‐critical events where guaranteed coverage of the true parameter value is a prerequisite to safely launching a new ADS on public roads.