bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a nomogram to provide individualized predictions of functional outcomes in patients with convulsive status epilepticus at 3 months: The modified END‐IT tool
Authors: Wang Xuan , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Gao Qiong , Zhang Yao‐Yao , Wan Jian , Song Chang‐Geng , Wei Jing‐Ya , Kang Xiao‐Gang , Yang Fang , Jiang Wen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThe prediction of outcomes in convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) remains a constant challenge. The Encephalitis‐Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus‐Diazepam Resistance‐Image Abnormalities‐Tracheal Intubation (END‐IT) score was a useful tool for predicting the functional outcomes of CSE patients, excluding cerebral hypoxia patients. With further understanding of CSE, and in view of the deficiencies of END‐IT itself, we consider it necessary to modify the prediction tool.MethodsThe prediction model was designed from a cohort of CSE patients from Xijing Hospital (China), between 2008 and 2020. The enrolled subjects were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort as a ratio of 2:1. The logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors and construct the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by calculating the concordance index, and creating calibration plots to check the consistency between the predicted probabilities of poor prognosis and the actual outcomes of CSE.ResultsThe training cohort included 131 patients and validation cohort included 66 patients. Variables included in the nomogram were age, etiology of CSE, non‐convulsive SE, mechanical ventilation, abnormal albumin level at CSE onset. The concordance index of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts was 0.853 (95% CI, 0.787–0.920) and 0.806 (95% CI, 0.683–0.923), respectively. The calibration plots showed an adequate consistency between the reported and predicted unfavorable outcomes of patients with CSE at 3 months after discharge.ConclusionsA nomogram for predicting the individualized risks of poor functional outcomes in CSE was constructed and validated, which has been an important modification of END‐IT score.
Integrated transcriptomics reveals the brain and blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yu Haitao , Wang Fangzhou , Wu Jia‐jun , Gong Juan , Bi Shuguang , Mao Yumin , Jia Dongdong , Chai Gao‐shang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe systematic molecular associations between the peripheral blood cells and brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear, which hinders our understanding of AD pathological mechanisms and the exploration of new diagnostic biomarkers.MethodsHere, we performed an integrated analysis of the brain and peripheral blood cells transcriptomics to establish peripheral biomarkers of AD. By employing multiple statistical analyses plus machine learning, we identified and validated multiple regulated central and peripheral network in patients with AD.ResultsBy bioinformatics analysis, a total of 243 genes were differentially expressed in the central and peripheral systems, mainly enriched in three modules: immune response, glucose metabolism and lysosome. In addition, lysosome related gene ATP6V1E1 and immune response related genes (IL2RG, OSM, EVI2B TNFRSF1A, CXCR4, STAT5A) were significantly correlated with Aβ or Tau pathology. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that ATP6V1E1 showed high‐diagnostic potential for AD.ConclusionTaken together, our data identified the main pathological pathways in AD progression, particularly the systemic dysregulation of the immune response, and provided peripheral biomarkers for AD diagnosis.
Motor problems in autism: Co‐occurrence or feature?
Authors: Miller Haylie L. , Licari Melissa K. , Bhat Anjana , Aziz‐Zadeh Lisa S. , Van Damme Tine , Fears Nicholas E. , Cermak Sharon A. , Tamplain Priscila M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotor features of autism have long been acknowledged by clinicians, researchers, and community stakeholders. Current DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 guidelines allow clinicians to assign a co‐occurring diagnosis of developmental [motor] coordination disorder (DCD) for autistic individuals with significant motor problems. DCD is characterized by poor motor proficiency with an onset of symptoms in early development. Studies have shown considerable overlap in the behavioral motor features observed in autism and DCD. However, others indicate that motor problems in autism and DCD may stem from different underlying sensorimotor mechanisms. Regardless of whether autism has a unique motor phenotype or an overlap with DCD, changes need to be made in the clinical pipeline to address motor problems in autism at the stages of recognition, assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Consensus is needed to address unmet needs in research on the etiology of motor problems in autism and their overlap with DCD, to optimize clinical practice guidelines. The development of screening and assessment tools for motor problems that are valid and reliable for use with autistic individuals is essential, and an evidence‐based clinical pipeline for motor problems in autism is urgently needed.What this paper adds

Motor problems in autism are highly prevalent, yet underdiagnosed and poorly managed.
An evidence‐based clinical pipeline for motor problems in autism is urgently needed.
Cost‐utility of real‐time continuous glucose monitoring versus self‐monitoring of blood glucose and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injections in Denmark
Authors: Alshannaq Hamza , Cogswell Greg , Pollock Richard F. , Ahmed Waqas , Norman Greg J. , Lynch Peter M. , Roze Stephane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine the cost‐effectiveness of the Dexcom G6 real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (rt‐CGM) system compared with both the self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and the Abbott FreeStyle Libre 1 and 2 intermittently scanned CGM (is‐CGM) devices in people with type 1 diabetes receiving multiple daily insulin injections in Denmark.Materials and MethodsThe analysis was performed using the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model, which associates rt‐CGM use with glycated haemoglobin reductions of 0.6% and 0.36% based on data from the DIAMOND and ALERTT1 trials, respectively, compared with SMBG and is‐CGM use. The analysis was performed from the payer perspective over a 50‐year time horizon; future costs and clinical outcomes were discounted at 4% per annum.ResultsThe use of rt‐CGM was associated with an incremental gain of 1.37 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) versus SMBG. Total mean lifetime costs were Danish Krone (DKK) 894 535 for rt‐CGM and DKK 823 474 for SMBG, resulting in an incremental cost‐utility ratio of DKK 51 918 per QALY gained versus SMBG. Compared with is‐CGM, the use of rt‐CGM led to a gain of 0.87 QALYs and higher mean lifetime costs resulting in an incremental cost‐utility ratio of DKK 40 879 to DKK 34 367 per QALY gained.ConclusionsIn Denmark, the rt‐CGM was projected to be highly cost‐effective versus both SMBG and is‐CGM, based on a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of 1× per capita gross domestic product per QALY gained. These findings may help inform future policies to address regional disparities in access to rt‐CGM.
Real‐world study of ethnic differences in glycaemic control and clinical characteristics among insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes initiating biphasic insulin aspart 30/70: A retrospective, observational cohort study in England
Authors: Davies Melanie J. , Alibegovic Amra Ciric , Jensen Anders Boeck , Munikrishnappa Renuka , Nordsborg Rikke Baastrup , Braae Uffe Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThis study investigated the ethnic differences in glycaemic levels and clinical characteristics among insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 (BIAsp 30) in primary practice in England.Materials and MethodsRetrospective, observational cohort study utilizing data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database, including White, South Asian, Black and Chinese insulin‐naïve adults with T2D, initiating BIAsp 30. The index date was that of the first BIAsp 30 prescription. Endpoints included change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) 6 months post index.ResultsIn total, 11 186 eligible people were selected (9443 White, 1116 South Asian, 594 Black, 33 Chinese). HbA1c decreased across all subgroups 6 months post index: estimated %‐point changes [95% CI of −2.32 (−2.36; −2.28) (White); −1.91 (−2.02; −1.80) (South Asian); −2.55 (−2.69; −2.40) (Black); and −2.64 (−3.24; −2.04) (Chinese)]. The BMI increased modestly 6 months post index in all subgroups [estimated changes (95% CI) kg/m2: White, 0.92 (0.86; 0.99); South Asian, 0.60 (0.41; 0.78); Black, 1.41 (1.16; 1.65); and Chinese, 0.32 (−0.67; 1.30)]. In the overall population, hypoglycaemic event rates increased from 0.92 events per 100 patient‐years before the index to 3.37 events per 100 patient‐years post index; event numbers were too low to be analysed by subgroup.ConclusionsAmong insulin‐naïve people with T2D initiating BIAsp 30, clinically meaningful HbA1c reductions in all ethnicities were observed. Some ethnic groups had larger reductions than others, but differences were small. In all groups, small BMI increases were seen, with small differences observed between groups. Hypoglycaemia rates were low.
Discourse Ethics: A Pedagogical Policy for Promoting Democratic Virtues
Authors: Nunner‐Winkler Gertrud 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe guidelines followed by many educational boards recommend behavioristic practices for dealing with student discipline; however, Lawrence Kohlberg's idea of organizing schools as “just communities” suggests a more promising approach. It translates to the school context the core principle of Habermas's discourse ethics: those norms to which all concerned agree are valid. In such democratically organized schools, students engage in less violence and take greater responsibility for safeguarding each other's welfare. Public debates about rules and handling transgressions generate knowledge regarding shared norms, promote role‐taking abilities, and foster ego‐syntonic commitment to democratic values. Such participatory experiences may contribute to constituting ego identity. Whereas identity politics relies on particularistic affiliations and emphasizes demarcations between social groups, ego identity is based on a commitment to universal moral values. This commitment allows individuals to develop and sustain a sense of coherence, continuity, and uniqueness, and it fosters democratic cooperation and social cohesion. In this article, Gertrud Nunner‐Winkler provides empirical support for these claims.
A concise study of acetazolamide in glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (G1D) epilepsy
Authors: Málaga Ignacio , Avila Adrian , Primeaux Sharon , Park Jason Y. , Pascual Juan M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEpilepsy constitutes the most common paroxysmal manifestation of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (G1D) and is generally considered medication‐refractory. It can also prove therapeutic diet‐resistant. We examined acetazolamide effects in G1D motivated by several longstanding and recent observations: First, the electrographic spike‐waves characteristic of absence seizures often resemble those of G1D and, since the 1950s, they have occasionally been treated successfully with acetazolamide, well before G1D was segregated from absence epilepsy as a distinct syndrome. Second, synaptic inhibitory neuron failure characterizes G1D and, in other experimental models, this can be ameliorated by drugs that modify cellular chloride gradient such as acetazolamide. Third, acetazolamide potently stimulates model cell glucose transport in vitro. Seventeen antiepileptic drug or therapeutic diet‐refractory individuals with G1D treated with acetazolamide were thus identified via medical record review complemented by worldwide individual survey. Acetazolamide was tolerated and decreased seizures in 76% of them, with 58% of all persons studied experiencing seizure reductions by more than one‐half, including those who first manifested myoclonic‐astatic epilepsy or infantile spams. Eighty‐eight percent of individuals with G1D continued taking acetazolamide for over 6 months, indicating sustained tolerability and efficacy. The results provide a novel avenue for the treatment and mechanistic investigation of G1D.
EnLEFD‐DM: Ensemble Learning based Ethereum Fraud Detection using CRISP‐DM framework
Authors: Pahuja Lavina , Kamal Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCryptocurrencies continue to captivate businesses and investors despite market fluctuations. The number of crypto users has risen rapidly in the last few years, and alarmingly, many appear to be unaware of the risks involved. These risks aren't confined to market hazards but include very sophisticated cybercrimes related to cryptocurrencies. As cryptocurrencies have become a breeding ground for a variety of cybercrimes, resulting in enormous financial losses, it hinders user adoption limiting the utility of blockchain technology. It has become crucial to spot such scams and devise intelligent techniques to make this technology safer for investors. This paper proposes a classification model based on the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP‐DM) framework to identify fraudulent transactions over the Ethereum blockchain. Its contribution is multi‐faceted; first, the available imbalanced Ethereum dataset has been balanced to enhance the accuracy of the classification model. Second, the correlation‐based feature selection technique has been applied to retain the best discriminating features. Thirdly, an effective machine learning‐based ensemble classification model has been adopted for the identification of fraudulent transactions over the Ethereum network. A comparative analysis of 10 machine learning techniques has been presented consisting of both individual and ensemble classifiers. Evaluated outcomes show that ensemble classifiers appear to yield better performance measures over individual classifiers, and among all, the LightGbm classifier outperformed with 99.2% accuracy. Further, extensive experiments indicate that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art method when applied to a similar dataset.
Clinical, neuroimaging, and behavioural risk factors for neurocognitive impairment in Chinese patients with haemophilia: A multicentre study
Authors: Cheung Yin Ting , Ma Chung Tin , Lam Henry Hon Wai , Ling Siu Cheung , Kwok Kevin , Li Chak Ho , Ha Chung Yin , Yip Sze Fai , Wong Raymond Siu Ming , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Li Chi Kong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated the impact of subclinical microstructural changes and psychosocial factors on cognitive function in patients with haemophilia.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with haemophilia, and identify associated risk factors.MethodsWe recruited haemophilia A or B patients who were aged ≥10 years old from three public hospitals in Hong Kong. A neurocognitive battery was administered to evaluate their attention, memory, processing speed and cognitive flexibility performances. They also underwent magnetic resonance imaging to identify cerebral microbleeds. Validated self‐reported questionnaires were administered to assess their mental health status and adherence to prophylactic treatment. General linear modelling was used to investigate the association of neurocognitive outcomes with risks factors, adjusting for age and education attainment.ResultsForty‐two patients were recruited (median age 32.0 years; 78.6% haemophilia A; 80.9% moderate‐to‐severe disease). Six patients (14.3%) had developed cerebral microbleeds. A subgroup of patients demonstrated impairments in cognitive flexibility (30.9%) and motor processing speed (26.2%). Hemarthrosis in the previous year was associated with worse attention (Estimate = 7.62, 95% CI: 1.92–15.33;p = .049) and cognitive flexibility (Estimate = 8.64, 95% CI: 2.52–13.29;p = .043). Depressive (Estimate = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0.55;p = .023) and anxiety (Estimate = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19–0.41;p = .0069) symptoms were associated with inattentiveness. Among patients receiving prophylactic treatment (71.4%), medication adherence was positively correlated with cognitive flexibility (p = .037).ConclusionA substantial proportion of patients with haemophilia demonstrated cognitive impairment, particularly higher‐order thinking skills. Screening for cognitive deficits should be incorporated into routine care. Future studies should evaluate the association of neurocognitive outcomes with occupational/vocational outcomes.
Technology and informatics in Australian health libraries
Authors: Siemensma Gemma , McDonald Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAustralia is no different to any other country in that information technology (IT) and the speed of its advancement has a huge impact on health care and therefore on health libraries. Australian health librarians are valuable members of health care teams and strive to integrate services and resources across hospitals. This article looks at the role Australian health libraries play in the broader health information landscape and the importance of information governance and health informatics as a tenet of the work undertaken by libraries. Of particular focus in this is the Health Libraries Australia/Telstra Health Digital Health Innovation Award, offered annually, to help focus on particular technological challenges. Three cases studies are explored demonstrating impact on the systematic review process, inter‐library loan system automation and a room booking service. Also discussed are the ongoing professional development opportunities, which help upskill the Australian health library workforce. Australian health libraries also face many challenges with piecemeal IT systems across the nation, resulting in lost opportunities. Also, many Australian health services do not have a qualified librarian on staff, which undermines information governance. However, resiliency shines through with strong professional health library networks working to challenge the status quo in an effort to improve the application of health informatics.
Fibrous ceramic membrane constructed by mullite whiskers for the treatment of oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Fu Jinxiu , Li Zichao , Wang Juan , Fu Qianlong , Wang Xiaoyu , Yan Pingke , Li Yongsheng , Li Shuang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCeramic membranes with high porosity and excellent separation efficiency are necessary for the efficient treatment of large‐scale wastewaters. However, the conventional ceramic membranes are usually prepared by particles‐packing, which inhibits the advances of separation efficiency because of the low porosity and connectivity. Here, a fibrous ceramic membrane with mullite whiskers‐interlocked structure was prepared by gas‐solid reaction. The effects of aluminum fluoride (AlF3) on the formation and growth of mullite whiskers, and then the permeability and selectivity of the ceramic membranes were investigated. With the increase of AlF3 contents, the mullite phase evolved from needle‐like, rod‐like to flake‐like structure, thus the catalyst accelerated the growth of mullite whiskers in the diameter direction. For the ceramic membrane sintered at 1400°C, the porosity increased from 58% to 76% while the average pore sizes increased from 0.65 to 3.93 μm because of the whisker‐constructed structures. For the ceramic membrane sintered at 1450°C, the emulsion flux increased stably from 295 L/(m2·h) to 992 L/(m2·h) with the increase of trans‐membrane pressure, and the oil rejection exceeded 98%. Thus, this study provides a feasible strategy for the preparation of ceramic membranes with high porosity and excellent separation performances.
Insulin reduces the transmission potential of chikungunya virus and activates the toll pathway in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Rai Pallavi , Webb Emily M. , Kang Lin , Weger‐Lucarelli James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that has re‐emerged globally over the last two decades and has the potential to become endemic in the United States due to the presence of competent mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. CHIK disease is characterised by fever, rash, and joint pain, and causes chronic debilitating joint pain and swelling in >50% of infected individuals. Given the disease severity caused by CHIKV and the global presence of vectors to facilitate its spread, strategies to reduce viral transmission are desperately needed; however, the human biological factors driving CHIKV transmission are poorly understood. Towards that end, we have previously shown that mosquitoes fed on alphavirus‐infected obese mice have reduced infection and transmission rates compared to those fed on infected lean mice despite similar viremia in lean and obese mice. One of the many host factors that increase in obese hosts is insulin, which was previously shown to impact the infection of mosquitoes by several flaviviruses. However, insulin's impact on alphavirus infection of live mosquitoes is unknown and whether insulin influences mosquito‐borne virus transmission has not been tested. To test this, we exposed A. aegypti mosquitoes to bloodmeals with CHIKV in the presence or absence of physiologically relevant levels of insulin and found that insulin significantly lowered both infection and transmission rates. RNA sequencing analysis on mosquito midguts isolated at 1‐day‐post‐infectious‐bloodmeal (dpbm) showed enrichment in genes in the Toll immune pathway in the presence of insulin, which was validated by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). We then sought to determine if the Toll pathway plays a role in CHIKV infection of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes; therefore, we knocked down Myd88, a critical immune adaptor molecule for the Toll pathway, in live mosquitoes, and found increased CHIKV infection compared to the mock knockdown control group. Overall, these data demonstrate that insulin reduces CHIKV transmission by Ae. aegypti and activates the Toll pathway in mosquitoes, suggesting that conditions resulting in higher serum insulin concentrations may reduce alphavirus transmission. Finally, these studies suggest that strategies to activate insulin or Toll signalling in mosquitoes may be an effective control strategy against medically relevant alphaviruses.
Effect of La substitution on energy storage properties of (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)TiO3 lead‐free high‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhang Fan , Niu Yiwen , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bai Yu , Wang Zhanjie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, a novel lead‐free high‐entropy ceramic (HEC) system, (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)(1–3x/2)LaxTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) (abbreviated as BNCBST‐xLa), was designed to enhance energy storage performance through La substitution and prepared via a hydrothermal method. Results indicate that La doping at A site in BNCBST induces lattice distortion and further improves dielectric relaxation. Moreover, grain growth is inhibited by the La content, which results in an increase in the insulation resistance and thus significant enhancement in the electric breakdown strength (Eb). Accordingly, the system with x = 0.03 exhibits an excellent recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 2.43 J/cm3 and a high energy storage efficiency (η) of 85.5% under a great Eb of 245 kV/cm, together with wide temperature stability (Wrec and η vary within ± 8.3% and ± 1.1% at 30–150°C). The findings of this study suggest that the obtained La‐modified BNBCST HECs are promising for energy storage applications.