bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Theoretic Simulations in Soft Matter and Quantum Fluids
Authors: Fredrickson Glenn H. , Delaney Kris T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis monograph provides an introduction to field-theoretic simulations in classical soft matter, including polymers, and Bose quantum fluids. The method represents a new class of molecular simulation in which continuous fields are sampled and evolved, rather than particle coordinates. Field-theoretic simulations are computationally advantaged over particle methods for dense phases of high molecular weight polymers and can reach length scales of microns or more. The monograph details analytical methods for converting classical and quantum many-body problems to equilibrium field theory models with a molecular basis. Numerical methods are described that enable efficient, accurate, and scalable simulations of such models on modern computer hardware, including graphics processing units (GPUs). Extensions to non-equilibrium systems are discussed, along with an introduction to advanced field-theoretic simulation techniques including free energy estimation, alternative ensembles, coarse-graining, and variable cell methods.
Introduction
Authors: Delaney Fredrickson , Delaney Kris T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 1 contains a summary of the basic mathematical constructs necessary to derive and manipulate field theory models, including functional representations, and derivatives and integrals of functionals. A distinction is made between phenomenological and molecularly-informed field theories; the latter the primary focus of the book. Examples are provided of field theory models for classical polymers and quantum bosons at thermal equilibrium. The computational advantage of the field-theoretic simulation approach is illustrated for a polymer model in which both particle and field representations are available.
Non-equilibrium Extensions
Authors: Delaney Fredrickson , Delaney Kris T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 6 discusses the extension of field-theoretic representations, models, and numerical methods to treat the dynamical evolution of systems that are out of equilibrium. For Bose fluids and magnets, this entails the use of coherent state fields on complex contours with real and imaginary time segments. Complex Langevin sampling of such non-equilibrium field theories provides access to finite temperature dynamics with full quantum fluctuations, both near and far from equilibrium. For classical polymers, approximations are required to address chain entanglement and time-dependent couplings between chain conformations and collective field variables. Current approaches to mesoscopic field-based polymer dynamics are described, along with their numerical implementation.
Children of the Book
Authors: Williams Deborah Lindsay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThrough discussions of G. Willow Wilson’s Alif the Unseen and Octavia E. Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents, this chapter explores cosmopolitanism in the context of both reading and the Anthropocene. The chapter demonstrates how becoming a good reader—of self, community, and nation—fosters resistance to nationalism and xenophobia and thus enables a more cosmopolitan, nonhierarchical relationship to the planet. The chapter thus also engages with Ursula Heise’s idea of eco-cosmopolitanism, which addresses the importance of focusing on the “more-than-human world,” and the need to interrogate terms like “purity” or “authenticity,” which are at odds with cosmopolitan principles.
Conclusion
Authors: Williams Deborah Lindsay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe conclusion reiterates the overall premise of the book, which is that YA speculative fiction gives us the tools with which to imagine new possibilities and new ways of thinking—and yet it is work that does not often come into the conversations around climate change and climate crisis. YA literature demonstrates the importance of forging connections across difference that offer us imaginative realignments of our relationships to one another and to the planet. On a structural level, these novels remind us that becoming a good reader, one who is not afraid of ambiguity or complexity, is a necessity for anyone who hopes to navigate a changing world—or who wants to avoid being manipulated into violence. Reading beyond the seductive simplicity of a single story becomes the first step toward resisting fundamentalist attitudes toward both people and planet, while helping to dismantle the hierarchical structures that have enabled centuries of environmental destruction.
The Parliamentary Battle over Brexit
Authors: Russell Meg , James Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Parliamentary Battle over Brexit elaborates on the bitter arguments over Brexit. It aims to provide a further understanding of the role parliament played throughout the process of enacting Brexit. Since the 2016 referendum, the Brexit issue raised fundamental questions surrounding the working of British democracy, especially the role of parliament in the UK constitution and the Brexit process. Even though the mandate was supposed to re-establish parliamentary sovereignty, Brexit caused significant damage to the reputation of parliament and the wider culture of UK democracy. The book also highlights the correlation of British politics to the culture of UK democracy and the challenges of populism and democratic backsliding.
The Emerging Deal and the Meaningful Vote
Authors: Russell Meg , James Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the agreement of Theresa May’s Brexit deal with the EU. Following pressures from parliament and Article 50, the outcome of Brexit was achieved through inserting the requirement for a so-called ‘meaningful vote' in the government’s EU (Withdrawal) Bill. The chapter highlights the role of the opposition in Westminster. It also provides an overview of the emerging tensions within the Conservative Party concerning the Chequers proposals and the subsequent deal reached with the EU. Once the Brexit deal was reached, the House of Commons initially rejected it by a huge margin, joined by a large number of Brexiteers. MPs stepped up their attempts to prevent a no-deal Brexit and find alternative solutions.
Language for recollection
Authors: Tolchinsky Liliana , Berman Ruth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter approaches narrative as a distinct mode of thought and a use of language that is an early-acquired, universal, and basic human undertaking. Stories are characterized as displaying distinctive features of the narrative genre: they rely on different linguistic subsystems in relating to time (by past tense verbs), interconnecting events (by conjunctions), and identifying participants (by pronouns, lexical nouns); and they involve fleshing out a story by background description and interpretation, organizing its contents into a coherent whole, and conveying appropriate thematic content. We consider how stories are filtered by the structural and lexical repertoire provided by a particular language for verbalizing events. The chapter outlines the neural bases underpinning narratives that explain the cognitive processes in constructing stories and why listening to and telling them are such pleasurable and universal activities. It briefly reviews different research methods for eliciting narratives, which we characterize as developing from recounting two or three happenings to forming a narrative schema (a mental representation of a sequence of events with a beginning, middle, and ending), culminating in the ability to produce original and compelling stories. This general developmental trajectory applies across subgenres of narratives (recollecting personal experiences from the past, verbalizing the content of a picture-series, or recounting the contents of a pictured booklet), although with different timetables.
Language for reflection (on language)
Authors: Tolchinsky Liliana , Berman Ruth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we consider metalinguistic commentary about language. Compared to the referential-communicative uses of language dealt with in the preceding chapters, metalinguistic activities involve reflecting on language and linguistic forms as objects in themselves. We describe the increasingly conscious access to linguistic form culminating in the ability to provide explicit verbal explanations of what one knows of language, followed by a review of the neural underpinnings of such tricky notions as consciousness, and neural correlates of metalinguistic access to different systems of language structure. We next trace the developmental route of metalinguistic awareness in different linguistic domains (phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, and pragmatics), as a move from early sensitivity to verbal input (children’s understanding of speech input and how they make self-repairs of their own output) via more mature reflective metalinguistic operations (judging whether a word exists in their language; if a given utterance is well-formed and if not, why this is so), on to giving verbal explanation for how and why a linguistic usage takes the form it does (hare and hair are two words that sound the same but have different spellings and mean different things, one is an animal the other is what grows on parts of our body). We conclude by noting the specialized metalanguage confined to experts like linguists, grammarians, language teachers, writers, and editors.
European Constitutional Imaginaries
Authors: Komárek Jan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter acts as an introduction to the whole volume. It first defines the concept of constitutional imaginary and sets it in the wider context of political theory and philosophy. Next, it explains what is missing from a number of recent publications that deal with European constitutionalism at a more reflexive and theoretical level and how the approach taken in this volume can enrich our understanding of the EU’s present predicament. Two perspectives are particularly important: that of history and that of political economy. The conclusion presents the broader project of which this volume is part and gives a brief overview of each chapter’s contents.
From Constitutional Pyramid to Constitutional Pluralism
Authors: Canihac Hugo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the recent history of the EU’s constitutional imaginary. It argues that the constitutional imaginary that had solidified during the early decades of European integration was deeply reconfigured in the early 1990s with the emergence and increasing popularity of constitutional pluralism, a theory forged by the legal philosopher Neil MacCormick. It has not only produced a new legal description of the EU but, though more discreetly, redefined its political horizon too. Combining ideational and sociological approaches, the chapter first reconstructs the original constitutional imaginary of the EEC. It then carefully contextualizes the emergence of constitutional pluralism with regard to the work of MacCormick and the legal and political situation of European integration at the time. Finally, it clarifies how these ideas contributed to redefining the European constitutional imaginary.
The European Public Good and European Public Goods
Authors: Walker Neil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Historically, the EU has focused more on discrete public goods—first peace and prosperity, then other material (eg environmental protection, health and safety) and social goods (eg non-discrimination, education)—than on the pursuit of a singular European public good—a shared commitment to the good of a self-recognized European public. Unlike the state, the EU has displayed the characteristics of ‘teleocracy’ (an association committed to specific ends) more than ‘nomocracy’ (an association committed to living in common). Various conceptions of law’s role in integration were predicated on the view that pursuit of discrete goods would nevertheless in time generate a holistic sense of the common public good. Indeed, this incrementalist expectation and projection has been an important aspect of the supranational constitutional imaginary. The chapter examines the successes and limitations of that approach, and analyses the ongoing difficulties of placing public goods and the public good in a productive relationship supranationally.
The Failure to Grapple with Racial Capitalism in European Constitutionalism
Authors: Miller Jeffrey , Nicola Fernanda G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter grapples with the absence of the concept of racial capitalism in European constitutionalism in spite of centuries of racial subordination in European colonies abroad and discrimination towards ethnic minorities at home. The rise of the European Economic Community in the late 1950s is often portrayed by scholars as a means to correct the legacies of racial and gender subordination that culminated with the Holocaust and the Second World War. Purportedly, the European Community seized the opportunity to start anew with a modernist and quasi-federal constitutional project inspired by the United States and its progressive Warren Court. However, by bracketing the dark sides of US federalism and building bridges across the Atlantic to construct European constitutionalism, prominent scholars such as Eric Stein, Mauro Cappelletti, and Joseph H. Weiler dismissed how the jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court over time protected the legal entitlements of slaveowners, businesses, and states at the expense of slaves, workers, women, and children. This selective reception of US constitutionalism, which portrayed law only as a tool of emancipation rather than oppression, has obscured the embeddedness of racial capitalism in the European political economy.
AMBIGUITY
Authors: Francis Gavin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An exploration of Browne’s ease with ambiguity, on show throughout his works, with an introduction to some of the writers who have enjoyed Browne over the centuries, including Virginia Woolf, Samuel Johnson, and Alexander Whyte. Browne studied medicine in Padua, a city considered in the 1600s to be a centre of modern medical authority, and the author examines how this authority sat with Browne’s love of circumlocution, approximation, and seeking answers in the classical canon. Browne’s immense contribution to English vocabulary is touched on with examples of words he coined, showing that for all his love of ambiguity, the English language was insufficiently specific for his needs.
MISOGYNY
Authors: Francis Gavin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Evidence for misogyny in Browne’s work is considered in context with seventeenth-century norms, together with the surviving details about his marriage and his relationship with his daughters. Elizabethan and early Jacobean thought justified misogyny on the basis of biblical authority, but Browne, while insisting that women were less capable and more ‘crooked’ than men, is otherwise fair-minded. He made observations on spontaneous sex transition in animals, and wrote of his belief that the same is possible for human beings (an observation also made by Montaigne). His writings touch on disorders of sexual differentiation such as hermaphroditism. The distaste for sexual intercourse expressed in his first book Religio Medici has occasioned jokes among his biographers, given his apparently happy marriage and the births of his ten children. Finally, an exploration of one of the most notorious episodes in Browne’s biography, the evidence he gave at a witchcraft trial in 1682, is examined in context.
Artificial intelligence and nuclear weapons
Authors: Johnson James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter establishes a technical baseline that informs the book’s theoretical framework for considering AI technology and nuclear risk. This chapter has two goals. First, it defines military-use AI (or “military AI”). It offers a nuanced overview of the current state of AI technology and the potential impact of dramatic advances in this technology (e.g., ML, computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous technology) on military systems. How, if at all, does AI differ from other emerging technology? How can we conceptualize AI and technological change in the context of nuclear weapons? Second, it highlights the developmental trajectory of AI technology and the associated risks of these trends as they relate to the nuclear enterprise.
AI-security dilemma
Authors: Johnson James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
How might dual-use disruptive AI technology influence security dilemma dynamics? This chapter applies the classical “security dilemma” international relations (IR) theory to consider the impact of dual-use AI technology on the uncertainties (estimates of adversaries’ “intentions” and “motives”) and insecurities within competitive strategic dyads—especially US-China. The chapter argues that specific structural (dual-use technology, offense-defense balance, asymmetric distribution of power, and regime type) and non-structural (socially constructed dynamics and cognitive-psychological) traits of dual-use AI technology intersect with the security dilemma theory in ways that might intensify these dynamics in competitive dyads—or “AI-security dilemma dynamics.” Specifically, security dilemma dynamics will shape and inform how AI influences relations between strategic dyads.
Managing the AI-nuclear strategic nexus
Authors: Johnson James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The concluding chapter brings together the key arguments and findings from the book and considers possible nuclear risk reduction measures and policy recommendations for managing the intersection of AI technology with nuclear weapons. Going beyond these admonitions will not be easy. The chapter elucidates the essential dynamics (e.g., normative, behavioral, and broader stakeholder cooperation) and risk reduction mechanisms (e.g., arms control, verification, confidence building, and strategic dialogue) that decision-makers need to consider if we are to mitigate or prevent the worst-case scenario effects, dangers, and risks of our AI-nuclear future. That is, before the pace of technological change outpaces (or surpasses) strategic affairs.
Snapshots of (Ill)Health Around the World
Authors: Sanders David , De Ceukelaire Wim , Hutton Barbara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Through four scenarios, this chapter provides an overall impression of the conditions and diseases that most commonly affect people globally, especially the global poor within and across countries. These health conditions interact within specific populations according to patterns of inequality deeply entrenched in our societies. The scenarios include global hunger, which in 2019 impacted 8.9% of the global population; non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which in 2019 accounted for 74% of all deaths worldwide; communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNN), which in 2019 accounted for 10.2 million deaths globally; and human-caused global warming, which has had a significant impact on the lives, health and livelihoods of the poorest and most vulnerable populations globally.
The Medical Contribution
Authors: Sanders David , De Ceukelaire Wim , Hutton Barbara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The health systems of underdeveloped countries were shaped by their colonial roots, so that today the majority of the inadequate health care budgets are still spent on predominantly urban-based curative hospital services. Too often the poor have no or extremely limited access to health care services or are forced to deal with medical expenses that push them further into poverty and ill-health. The globalisation of health care has promoted the recruitment and migration of health care workers from underdeveloped to developed countries, exacerbating the health–human resources crisis in the underdeveloped world. The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978, with its goal of Health for All, urged governments, global health institutions and major funding agencies to work towards realising people’s right to health through a comprehensive approach to Primary Health Care (PHC). However, Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) was rapidly reinvented as Selective PHC (SPHC), stripped of most of its essential principles and reduced to selected high-priority technological interventions, determined not by communities but by international health professionals and experts. However, CPHC as envisaged under the Alma-Ata Declaration is still the most appropriate approach to achieve health for all, and its components still need to be implemented in all settings.
Deconstructing the Dimensions of Tax Crimes
Authors: Turksen U , Kreissl R , Vozza D , Rasmouki F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the complexity of tax crimes in Europe. It discusses different national legal definitions and policy approaches to tax and tax crime in line with resources and institutional settings of prosecution. Tax crimes raised concern in all jurisdictions while also having an international dimension. The chapter then expounds on the broader historical, social, political, and cultural contexts of tax, policy, and law. It recognizes the role of the European Union (EU) in ensuring political, economic, societal, and security cohesion among its Member States, which could be undermined by tax fraud and tax evasion at national and across border levels.
The Legal and Institutional Analysis of Tax Crimes from EU and Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Reger F , Turksen U , Vozza D , Djakovic A , Abukari A , Rasmouki F , Jacsó J , Frendo D , MacGinty D , Paisuots P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The fight against tax crimes and other financial crimes such as corruption requires a combination of national and cross-border use of relevant laws and institutions. Nonetheless, it is necessary to address the deficiencies in individual and collaborative arrangements and find out if and what strengths therein can be exploited by the EU Member States. Using socio-legal and comparative research methodologies, this chapter addresses the above issues through exploring the relevant EU legal instruments as well as institutions that seek to counter crime against the financial interests of the EU and its Member States. A careful look at the EU’s counter financial crime ecosystem reveals that Directive (EU) 2017/1371 (PIF Directive) and Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 (the EPPO Directive) are part of a cocktail of progressive measures by the EU to tackle financial crime. Although most EU Member States have agreed to criminalize VAT fraud and related crimes, VAT against the financial interest of the EU is still pervasive. Also, a comparative study of the legal framework of the EU Member States involving definitions, prosecution routes, sanctions, and liability of both natural and legal entities for tax crimes shows not only the pervasiveness of tax crimes but also the disparities and similarities of approaches in countering these crimes. The chapter concludes that EU criminal policy on financial matters needs to be enhanced including the extension of the criminalization to VAT fraud under ten million euro and an active role of the EPPO with reference to these offences.