bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Gene Control of the Expression of Murine Ia Antigens
Authors: Jones Patricia P. , Murphy Donal B. , McDevitt Hugh O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ia antigens obtained from 35S-methionine-labeled lymphocytes has revealed that the expression on the cell surface of an antigen coded for by a locus in the I-A subregion may be controlled by an I-E subregion product. Three distinct polypeptide chains (Aa, Ab, and Ae) coded for by loci in I-A have been identified in gels of immunoprecipitated Ia antigens; one of these (Ae) is coprecipitated with an I-E antigen by anti-I-E antibodies and probably is complexed to the I-E chain in the cell.
Mice of haplotypes which do not have serologically-detectable I-E antigens (such as b and s haplotypes) appear not to synthesize and I-E product. These mice also do not express Ae on their cell surfaces, although precursors of surface Ae can be detected in the cytoplasm. Some haplotypes, however, contain a locus mapping between Ia.4 in I-J and H-2D which can complement I-A in either the cis or trans position to allow the cell surface expression of Ae.
Structural Characterization of Murine Ia Alloantigens
Authors: Cook Richard , Capra J. Donald , Vitetta Ellen S. , Uhr Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The murine Ia alloantigens encoded by the I-A and I-E/C subregions were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microsequence analysis. By sensitive double label experiments (14C and 3H), the alpha (α) and beta (β) polypeptides of the A and E/C subregions were analyzed for molecular weight (mw) variation. The α and β chains of the A subregion (k, b, and d haplotypes) electrophoresed at 34,000 and 26,000 daltons, respectively. Haplotype associated differences in mw were detected for the E/C subregion products — k and r haplotype subunit mw were 34,000 (α) and 28,000 (β) daltons, whereas the α and β chains of p and d haplotypes were 31,000 and 29,000 daltons, respectively.
The α and β chains of both the A and E/C antigens do not exist on the cell surface as disulfide bonded α plus β forms.
Anti-Thy-1.1 Response: Possible Relationship Between Ir Control and Antigenic Competition Involving H-2 Antigens
Authors: Zaleski M. , Gorzynski T. , Klein J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice were immunized with Thy-1.1 disparate thymocytes obtained from either H-2 compatible or H-2 incompatible donors. The magnitude of the ensuing anti-Thy-1.1 response was measured by the number of PFC in spleens of experimental animals. H-2 compatible thymocytes almost always elicited a significantly higher response than that induced by H-2 incompatible thymocytes. Incompatibility between donor and recipient limited to either the K or D region alone resulted in a response comparable to that produced by thymocytes incompatible over the entire H-2 complex. It seems that products of incompatible H-2 alleles inhibit the response to Thy-1.1 alloantigen. This is indicated by findings that: 1) immunization with a mixture of H-2 compatible and incompatible, or with H-2 heterozygous thymocytes elicited a lower anti-Thy-1.1 response than that produced by H-2 compatible cells alone, 2) preimmunization with H-2 incompatible cells inhibited the subsequent response to H-2 compatible thymocytes, 3) tolerance to antigens of an incompatible H-2 haplotype abrogated the adverse effect of these antigens on anti-Thy-1.1 response.
Role of IJ Region Determinants in Neonatal Tolerance Induction to K and D Region Alloantigens
Authors: Streilein J. W. , Klein J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tolerance induction to isolated regional H-2 alloantigenic differences was studied by inoculating neonatal animals with lymphohematopoietic cells from F1 hybrids derived from H-2 congenic pairs, intra-H-2 recombinants. H-2 regions varied considerably in the tolerogenicity of their alloantigenic products, especially when host animals were derived from B10 and B6 genetic backgrounds. Isolated K and D region disparities, especially those resulting from mutation, were highly resistant to tolerance induction, while I region differences alone were highly tolerogenic; ease of tolerance induction across the entire H-2 complex was intermediate between these extremes. Using appropriate recombinants, poorly tolerogenic D and K region determinants, when presented conjointly with IJ region disparity in the tolerance conferring inoculum, proved to be highly specific, not only for the individual antigenic determinants, but apparently also for the composite antigenicity of the tolerance conferring inoculum: tolerance of D alloantigens was restricted to their original IJ region context, i.e. skin grafts from third party donors expressing the tolerated D antigen conjointly with an IJ region determinant unexpressed in the tolerizing inoculum were rejected.
Ir Gene Regulation of Accessory Cell Function
Authors: Singer Alfred , Cowing Carol C. , Dickler Howard B. , Hodes Richard J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The possibility was investigated that Ir genes regulate the function of cells other than T or B cells in the primary IgM PFC responses to the synthetic antigens TNP-(T,G)-A--L and TNP-(H,G)-A--L. The primary PFC responses of (Responder × Nonresponder)F1 spleen cells to both antigens were abrogated by G-10 Sephadex passage and restored by the addition of spleen adherent cells. The cell type in the spleen adherent cell population active in reconstituting the responses to TNP-(T,G)-A--L and TNP-(H,G)-A--L was a non-T, non-B, radiation resistant, glass adherent spleen cell. The abrogated responses of G-10 Sephadex passed (Responder × Nonresponder)F1 spleen cells to each antigen were reconstituted by spleen adherent cells from only strains which were responders to that antigen. All the spleen adherent cells tested restored the non-Ir gene controlled response to a third antigen, TNP-KLH.
Genetic Restriction of T-Macrophage Interactions: Is It Induced by Priming or Present Prior to Priming?
Authors: Erb Peter , Feldmann Marc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is now ample evidence that T-macrophage interactions in the induction of various immune responses are genetically restricted. We found that the in vitro generation of T helper cells with soluble antigens requires I-A compatible macrophages, or GRF (genetically related macrophage factor) a complex of Ia products and antigenic fragments. However, it is unclear whether genetic restriction of T-macrophage interactions is imposed by priming or already expressed prior to priming. Using F1 T cells and parental macrophages we were able to generate helper cells that cooperated preferentially with B cells and macrophages of the parental haplotype used for initial priming, indicating that genetic restriction may be induced by priming. However, results obtained by using T cells from chimeric mice instead of F1 hybrids suggested that the restriction of T-macrophage interaction may be already present prior to priming. This conclusion is supported by absorption experiments — unprimed splenic T cells or thymocytes preferentially adsorb I-A compatible GRF.
Evidence for an Association Between TNP-Conjugated Macrophage Membrane Components and IA Antigens
Authors: Thomas David W. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of anti-TNP and anti-Ia sera on the ability of TNP-modified macrophages to stimulate TNP-specific T cell proliferative responses in vitro were examined. T cell responses to fresh TNP-modified macrophages were dramatically reduced in the presence of anti-TNP serum. By contrast, anti-TNP had no effect on the stimulatory capacity of TNP-modified macrophages that had been cultured overnight (aged) prior to addition to responder cells. However, the addition of anti-Ia serum inhibited the proliferative response to both aged and fresh TNP-modified macrophages. Moreover, there was no requirement that anti-Ia serum be present continuously, since brief anti-Ia treatment of TNP-modified macrophages (20% anti-Ia, 60 min at 37°C) also reduced their stimulatory capacity. The inhibition of stimulation by TNP-modified F1 macrophages briefly treated with anti-Ia directed against one or the other parents was haplotype-specific indicating that anti-Ia did not non-specifically interfere with macrophage presentation of TNP.
The Genetic Restrictions on Macrophage-T Cell Interaction Lead to the Genetic Restrictions of T Cell-B Cell Interaction
Authors: Yamashita U. , Shevach E. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although the histocompatibility restriction for the interaction of antigen-pulsed macrophages and proliferative T cells have been confirmed, there exists considerable controversy on the histocompatibility restrictions for macrophage-helper T cell interaction and for T cell-B cell interaction. In order to study the histocompatibility restriction between macrophages and helper T cells, carrier primed guinea pig T cells were positively selected in vitro with antigen-pulsed macrophages for 7 days and the selected T cells were then mixed with hapten-primed B cells and stimulated with antigen in a modified Mishell-Dutton system. (2 × 13)F1 T cells selected with OVA-pulsed F1 macrophages cooperated with B cells of both parents. However, F1 T cells selected with strain 2 macrophages cooperated with strain 2 B cells, but not strain 13, while F1 T cells selected with strain 13 macrophages cooperated with strain 13 B cells, but not strain 2.
The Nature of MHC Restrictions in T-B Cooperation
Authors: Waldmann H. , Pope H. , Brent L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The I region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex plays an important role in controlling the interactions between T helper cells and B cells in response to antigen. For example, MHC incompatible T cells from BALB/c mice cooperate well with BALB/c B cells but poorly with CBA B cells in antibody formation. Data will be presented on helper T cell function in the PFC response to TNP-KLH in four sorts of mice, namely: a) double bone marrow chimeras (e.g. C3H + BALB/c stem cells → irradiated (C3H × BALB/c) F1 recipients), b) single chimeras (e.g. C3H or BALB/c stem cells into (C3H × BALB/c) F1 recipients), c) F1 → Parental chimeras (e.g. (C3H × BALB/c) F1 stem cells into C3H or BALB/c recipients), d) CBA mice rendered neonatally tolerant to BALB/c spleen cells.
These studies suggest that the following factors determine optimal interaction between MHC incompatible T and B cells.
Biological Significance of Protein-Defined and Carbohydrate-Defined Ia Antigens
Authors: Parish Christopher R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the I-region may control two separate classes of antigens, one class consisting of protein-defined antigenic determinants and the other consisting of carbohydrate-defined specificities. It was important to determine the contribution of these two classes of Ia antigens to various I-region controlled immune phenomena. Initially, the nature of the Ia antigens carried by antigen-specific helper factors secreted by T cells was investigated. It was found that both GAT-specific and TGAL-specific helper factors from CBA/H mice (H-2k) were retained and eluted from immunoabsorbents which contained rabbit antibodies directed exclusively against the carbohydrate-defined Ia antigens (anti-Iak). Mouse anti-Iak immunoabsorbents which carried antibodies against both the carbohydrate-defined and protein-defined Ia antigens also removed both helper factors. However, these immunoabsorbents were unable to bind helper factor when they were pretreated with a dialyzable material in normal (H-2k) mouse serum which is known to neutralise antibodies against the carbohydrate-defined Ia antigens.
I-C Subregion Determinants on MLR Suppressor Factor
Authors: Rich Susan Solliday , David Chella , Rich Robert R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MLR suppressor factor (MLR-SF) optimally suppresses MLR responses only of responder cells which are compatible in the I-C subregion with cells producing the factor. Therefore, presence of MHC-encoded determinants on MLR-SF has been investigated, with particular interest in I-C, as well as the possible role of I-J determinants. Suppressor activity of supernates of alloantigen-activated spleen cells was tested after passage over solid immunoadsorbants prepared with various anti-H-2 subregion sera. Immunoadsorbants with specificity towards K and D region products were ineffective while several preparations with I region specificity removed suppressor activity from factors of the appropriate haplotype. The single subregion specificity common to all adsorbing preparations was I-C. Recently, ambiguity has developed with regard to genetic resolution of I-C and adjacent subregions, including difficulties of serologic differentiation of I-C products of the k and d haplotypes. Antisera prepared in I-Ck/I-Cd disparate strain combinations have identified T cell restricted determinants which are distinct between these haplotypes.
Cross Reactive Idiotypic Determinants on (T,G)-A--L Specific Antibodies of High and Low Responder Mice
Authors: Mozes Edna , Lifshitz Ruth , Schwartz Michal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice possessing the H-2b haplotype produce high antibody titers when immunized with (T,G)-A--L, whereas mice possessing the H-2k haplotype are low responders to this immunogen. Following immunization with either (Phe,G)-A--L or (T,G)-A--L complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA), low responder as well as high responder mice produce antibodies which can be titrated with (T,G)-A--L. The variable regions of antibodies produced against the above immunogens were compared utilizing guinea pig sera against (T,G)-A--L idiotypes of C3H.SW (H-2b, Ig-1a) mice, which appear to be allotype linked. (T,G)-A--L specific antibodies were isolated from sera of H-2b (Ig-1a) and H-2k (Ig-1a) mice immunized with (Phe,G)-A--L. These antibodies inhibited 50% of the 125I-idiotype to the anti-idiotypes. In contrast, a population of antibodies isolated from the (Phe,G)-A--L specific antisera which bound only 125I-modified (Phe,G)-A--L did not react with the anti idiotypes.
Enhanced Susceptibility of Virus-Infected Fibroblasts to Cytostasis Mediated by Peritoneal Exudate Cells
Authors: Goldman Rachel , Hogg Nancy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine (BALB/c) starch-induced adherent peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) exert a cytostatic effect on various tissue culture cell lines. The cytostatic activity resides in the adherent cell fraction of the PEC that, after 24 hr in culture, is devoid of T and B lymphocytes. No significant difference in the degree of inhibition of incorporation of DNA precursors upon interaction with PEC could be detected with transformed cell lines, virus-infected non-transformed cell lines, and their normal counterparts as targets.
Recently explanted embryo fibroblasts are relatively resistant to PEC-mediated cytostasis. Upon in vitro transformation with the murine sarcoma virus murine leukemia virus mixture (MuSV/MuLV), the targets become more susceptible to PEC-mediated cytostasis. Infection with the nontransforming virus MuLV leads to a similar increase in susceptibility. The same pattern of differential susceptibility was obtained with embryo fibroblasts from four different strains of mice, indicating that there is no requirement for H-2 compatibility between effector and target cells. No PEC-specific 51Cr release could be detected during the 24 hr of effector-target cell interaction, indicating that the effect involves primarily cytostasis.
Embryo fibroblasts infected with Sendai virus or influenza virus were also remarkably sensitized toward PEC-mediated cytostasis. The fact that inactivated Sendai virus is as active in sensitizing the targets as the active virus suggests that primary membrane reorganization events that follow virus adsorption may be a sufficient perturbation leading to enhanced susceptibility.
Rat and hamster embryo fibroblasts show the same pattern of enhanced susceptibility upon interaction with inactive Sendai virus. Judged from indirect radioimmunoassay of adsorption of anti-type-C viral antigen sera, BALB/c embryo fibroblasts did not exhibit surface type-C virus specific antigens, nor did infection with the Sendai or influenza viruses induce activation of endogenous type-C viruses. The above suggests that transformation and a major alteration in the growth pattern of cells are not a prerequisite for the enhanced susceptibility of embryo fibroblasts to PEC-mediated cytostasis; rather, that membrane perturbations introduced by nontransforming unrelated viruses provide a sufficient change rendering the cells more prone to cytostasis.
Immunochromatography on Insolubilized Antibodies of Very Low Affinity: Application to Immunoadsorbence of Bovine α-Fetoprotein
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cross-reactive antibodies were utilized to prepare immunoadsorbents possessing a very low affinity to bovine α-fetoprotein (AFP). A goat anti-human AFP serum cross-reactive with bovine AFP was first depleted of antibodies reactive with bovine AFP in immunodiffusion. The remaining antibodies from this serum and γ-globulin from a sheep antiserum against rabbit AFP, without prior absorption, were coupled to Sepharose. Chromatography of fetal calf serum on these adsorbents resulted in retardation of bovine AFP relative to other proteins. A major part of the AFP eluted from the columns with phosphate-buffered saline. The rest eluted as a sharp peak with a small quantity of 4 or 6 M urea.
The elution of AFP with the initial column buffer has made it possible to prepare pure AFP that has not been subjected to the chaotropic elution buffers usually employed in affinity chromatography. Elimination of the washing step and the ease of elution has allowed purification of gram amounts of AFP. The fact that immunoadsorbents prepared from antibodies with no detectable reactivity in immunodiffusion still caused delayed elution in chromatography suggests that this procedure may be useful in search of proteins cross-reactive with a known protein.
Bursectomy in ovo Blocks the Generation of Immunoglobulin Diversity
Authors: Huang Henry V. , Dreyer William J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulins made by chickens bursectomized in ovo on day 11 of incubation were studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. All such bursectomized chickens have limited diversity in their immunoglobulin molecules. A range of different degrees of diversity restriction was found in individual bursectomized chickens. The limited immunoglobulin diversity was stable for at least 20 weeks in that the same spots were found over this time span. Bursectomized chickens that responded to repeated antigen challenge had sheep erythrocyte- and dinitrophenol-specific antibodies of limited diversity. Different bursectomized responders made almost identical antigen-specific antibodies. The results were interpreted as indicating that individual bursectomized birds had been blocked at different points during the developmental generation of immunoglobulin diversity, and that the genetic mechanisms that underlie the developmental diversification of clones of B cells lead to a sequential generation of very similar antibody molecules in different embryos.
Lymphocyte Transformation Induced by Chemical Modification of Membrane Components
Authors: Beyer Carl F. , Bowers William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neuraminidase treatment of responder cells in indirect periodate or indirect neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NGO) stimulation of rat lymph node cells (LNC) led to proliferative responses that were substantially greater and faster than those of controls. The indirect responses followed bicellular kinetics, i.e., the number of cells that initially responded was a function of the product of the number of stimulator cells and the number of responder cells in the cultures.
Indirect NGO stimulation between allogeneic stimulators and responders was very similar to that between syngeneic cells, and neuraminidase treatment of responders had similar effects in both cases. The indirect mitogenic response between allogeneic cells completely abrogated the expected mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).
Neuraminidase treatment of stimulators had little effect on the kinetics or magnitude of the rat one-way MLR. Treatment of responders, however, led to a faster and stronger response as compared with the normal MLR response. Treatment of both stimulators and responders was essentially the same as treatment of responders alone. These results, and those for indirect stimulation, suggest that the ability of responder cells to receive a mitogenic signal from stimulator cells is modulated by the amount of sialic acid on the responder cell surface.
Although more blast cells were produced in indirect NGO cultures with neuraminidase-treated responders, the cytotoxic activity of these cultures was not enhanced over that produced in normal indirect stimulation. In fact, when referred to the extent of cellular proliferation in each culture, the cytotoxic activity produced by indirect stimulation was higher than that produced either by direct NGO stimulation or by indirect stimulation with neuraminidase-treated responders. Thus indirect NGO stimulation selectively activates cytotoxic cells. The additional cells that are activated by direct NGO stimulation, or after neuraminidase treatment of indirect responders, do not appear to be cytotoxic.
Tumor-Associated Antigens of Rat Moloney Sarcoma Cells
Authors: Leung Kiu , Feldman Joseph D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat Moloney sarcoma cells (MST) were pulsed with 35S-l-methionine for 10 and 60 min and lysed by vortexing in 0.5% deoxycholate, 0.5% NP40, 0.02 M Tris, 0.05 M NaCl, pH 7.5, for 30 sec. The lysate was centrifuged at 16,300 × G for 10 min and the supernatant was co-precipitated with Ig fractions of normal BN serum, normal Lewis serum, BN antiserum to Moloney sarcoma cells (BNaMST), BN antiserum to tumor-associated antigens (BNaTAA), BN antiserum to murine leukemia virus (BNaMuLV), BN antiserum to p30 (BNap30), BN antiserum to gp70 (BNagp70), Lewis antiserum to BN (LeaBN), and BN antiserum to BC5 tumor (BNaBC5). With BNaTAA and BNaMST, a cytoplasmic TAA with m.w. 85,000 was detected. In addition, BNaTAA detected three other species of cytoplasmic TAA with m.w. 220,000, 170,000, and 39,000.
Immunologic Suppression After Oral Administration of Antigen
Authors: Mattingly Jerome A. , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rats given 1010 sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) orally were found to contain specific suppressor cells to SRBC in their Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) after 2 days of feeding. After 4 days of feeding, similar suppressor cells were found in the thymus and spleen, but they were missing in the PP or MLN. These suppressor cells effectively blocked IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell responses to SRBC in Mishell-Dutton cultures and delayed-type-hypersensitivity responses to SRBC when transferred to syngeneic recipients, but they did not affect responses to horse erythrocytes. The orally induced specific suppressor cells appeared to be T2 cells since their activity was eliminated by in vivo treatment of SRBC-fed rats with anti-rat lymphocyte serum but not by adult thymectomy. Because carrageenan partially relieved the suppression observed in culture, the actual suppressive mechanism may also involve a macrophage.