bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blind study site assessment of shear-wave velocity at Kumamoto City, Japan, using direct-fitting SPAC methods
Authors: Asten Michael , Askan Aysegul , Karimzadeh Shaghayegh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study used data acquired by the ESG6 Blind Prediction Step BP1 Working Group for purposes of facilitating a comparison of interpretation methods for obtaining shear-wave velocity profiles (Vs) from array observations of microtremor (passive seismic) noise. This work uses the direct-fitting MMSPAC method and the krSPAC method on passive seismic data supplied from four seven-station nested triangular arrays with apertures ranging from 1 to 962 m, located within Kumamoto City, Japan. The data allow a useful frequency range of 38 Hz down to 0.3 Hz, giving depth sensitivities from 2 m to > 1000 m. Results are presented as a seven-layer model which has time-averaged shear wave velocities for top 30 m and 300 m of Vs30 = 189 m/s and Vs300 = 584 m/s, respectively. HVSR spectra show two significant peaks at 1.2 and 0.35 Hz which are indicative of major Vs contrasts at depths 26 m and 750 m. The MMSPAC method (and its krSPAC variant) also proved viable on one asymmetric array where four of the seven stations were corrupted by incoherent low-frequency noise. Indications of a lateral variation in Vs could be detected due to the non-concentric geometry of the four arrays, and also from variations in HVSR spectra at stations of the largest array. Further analysis in step 4 of the blind trials, making use of geological data and a Preferred model supplied to participants, showed apparent discrepancies between the Preferred and our BP1 model for the upper 40 m where a supplied PS log appears to be inconsistent with geological data and the blind BP1 model. At low frequencies 0.5–2.5 Hz dispersion data and the BP1 model suggest that use of the Rayleigh effective mode is superior to use of the fundamental mode in deducing the Vs model at depths below 100 m. The method of direct fitting of model and observed SPAC spectra used in MMSPAC also enabled the use of a bandwidth 0.5–38 Hz for interpretation, which is a wider bandwidth than that achieved by other participants for use of passive seismic data alone.
Graphical Abstract
Familial affections vis-à-vis filial piety: the ethical challenges facing eldercare under neo-familism in contemporary China
Authors: Yan Yunxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study demonstrates that the values and practices of neo-familism are altering the ethical foundation of eldercare in a similar way as they did in other areas of family life. The chief ethical challenges include the shift of the center of gravity from ancestors to children or grandchildren, the inversion of the hierarchical order within the oneness of parent–child identity, the saliency of eldercare qinqing discourse derived from the intimate and emotional turn in family life, the importance of family history as the keeper of the balance sheet of qinqing interactions, and the emerging pursuit of distributive justice in the sphere of private life. Working together, these challenges have effectively destabilized the principle of filial piety as the ethical foundation of eldercare and, at the same time, they have contributed to the formation of a qinqing ethics of eldercare. The article ends with a sketch of the main features of the emerging qinqing ethics and a call for more innovative thinking out of the gatekeeping box of filial piety paradigm in the sociology of Chinese family.
Refractory right ventricular myocarditis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor despite therapy cessation and immune suppression
Authors: Mohammad Khan O. , Fanous Hanna , Vakamudi Sneha , Liu Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently widely used for treatment of various types of cancers. ICI-induced myocarditis, though uncommon, accounts for high risk of major adverse cardiac events and mortality, which makes appropriate diagnosis important. We here present a unique, challenging case of ICI-induced, refractory and isolated right ventricular (RV) myocarditis.

Case presentation
A 32-year-old female with breast cancer presented with newly onset chest pain and dyspnea shortly after initiation of Pembrolizumab. Coronary angiography showed normal coronary arteries and a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) revealed myocarditis involving the right ventricle with chamber dilation and severe dysfunction. ICI therapy was stopped, and high dose steroid therapy was initiated and symptoms resolved. However, three months after initial presentation, the patient was hospitalized for DKA and decompensated right heart failure, and a repeat cardiac MRI at that time showed recurrent, isolated right ventricular myocardial inflammation/edema without LV involvement. High dose steroid therapy was started again and at 6-month follow up, surveillance CMR continued to show persistent right-sided myocarditis, patient was eventually treated with Abatacept with resolution of HF symptoms, RV dysfunction and biomarkers at 10-month follow up.

Conclusions
We describe a unique case of isolated ICI-induced right ventricular myocarditis leading to right ventricular failure, that was refractory despite ICI therapy cessation and immune suppression by repeated high dose steroids. Co-stimulatory pathway modulation with Abatacept eventually lead to the normalization of RV function and dilation ten months after initial myocarditis onset.
Three perspectives on learning in a simulated patient scenario: a qualitative interview study with student, simulated patient, and teacher
Authors: Erici Sten , Lindqvist Daniel , Lindström Mats B. , Gummesson Christina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Patient simulation can be useful for medical students in developing communication skills for vulnerable situations. Three participants are primarily involved in the patient simulation activities: the student, the simulated patient (SP), and the teacher. We here aimed to explore these participants’ perceptions of learning in a patient simulation scenario.

Methods
We conducted individual interviews with eight students, three teachers, and one SP at a psychiatry placement of a Medical Doctor Program (5th year). During the interviews we asked the participants to watch a video of their participation in a patient simulation session. Thus, we obtained three perspectives on each of the eight recordings. We analysed our data with qualitative content analysis.

Results
Three themes were generated: identity formation, collaborative learning, and learning intentions. This highly emotional scenario forced students out of their comfort zone, to the intersection of their roles as private person and professional. The SP perceived the collaborative creation of the scenario as significant learning. The teacher took a professional position and perceived the learning in the perspective of a future colleague.

Conclusions
The mutually created emotionally loaded scenario was found to be important from all three perspectives, forcing the students to identify unexpected ways of communicating.
This possibly enhanced their professional identity development. Implications for future research can be to explore the process of skills transfer.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and their surrounding environment
Authors: Naito Maiko , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in 2010, subsequent studies have revealed their developmental pathways, mechanisms of activation and regulation, and immunological roles in tissue homeostasis and tissue-specific diseases in various organs. Although ILC2s are known to express tissue-specific features depending on where they reside, how the surrounding environment affects the functions of ILC2s remains to be fully elucidated. Recent histologic analyses revealed that ILC2s resides in specific perivascular regions in peripheral tissues with their function being controlled by the surrounding cells via cytokines, lipid mediators, neurotransmitters, and cell–cell interactions through surface molecules. This review summarizes the interactions between ILC2s and surrounding cells, including epithelial cells, neurons, immune cells, and mesenchymal cells, with the objective of promoting the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for ILC2-related diseases.
Bring Us in Good Ale
Authors: Kopp Peter A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis essay documents the century-long efforts of Peter Darby, Ernest S. Salmon, and Ray Neve, all of whom were directors of England's Hop Research Program. While these scientists engaged in myriad projects, the central story surrounds the development and release of hybrid hop varieties for use in beer. In contrast with the brewing industry that turned toward mechanization and industrial advancements in the twentieth century, the English hop breeding program steadily relied on hand-pollinating characteristic of Mendelian genetics. Crossbreeding, or hybridization, of hops (and scores of other dioicous plants—that is, those with two distinct sexes) traditionally occurred with scientists selecting specimens that exhibited desirable traits that could be traced to their hereditary makeup. The process was painstakingly slow, requiring countless dustings of pollen from male plants onto female flowers. Darby, Salmon, and Neve engaged in this process thousands of times before deciding on which offspring to select from the greenhouses to transplant into fields. Their promising and successful specimens today populate England's experimental hop garden for their potential in brewing or breeding future crosses; the most outstanding progeny can be found in beers near and far.
Short Severe Energy Restriction with Refueling Reduces Body Mass without Altering Training-Associated Performance Improvement
Authors: BURKE LOUISE M. , WHITFIELD JAMIE , ROSS MEGAN L. R. , TEE NICOLIN , SHARMA AVISH P. , KING ANDY J. , HEIKURA IDA A. , MORABITO AIMEE , MCKAY ALANNAH K. A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We investigated short-term (9 d) exposure to low energy availability (LEA) in elite endurance athletes during a block of intensified training on self-reported well-being, body composition, and performance.

Methods
Twenty-three highly trained race walkers undertook an ~3-wk research-embedded training camp during which they undertook baseline testing and 6 d of high energy/carbohydrate (HCHO) availability (40 kcal·kg FFM−1·d−1) before being allocated to 9 d continuation of this diet (n = 10 M, 2 F) or a significant decrease in energy availability to 15 kcal·kg FFM−1·d−1 (LEA: n = 10 M, 1 F). A real-world 10,000-m race walking event was undertaken before (baseline) and after (adaptation) these phases, with races being preceded by standardized carbohydrate fueling (8 g·kg body mass [BM]−1 for 24 h and 2 g·kg BM−1 prerace meal).

Results
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry–assessed body composition showed BM loss (2.0 kg, P < 0.001), primarily due to a 1.6-kg fat mass reduction (P < 0.001) in LEA, with smaller losses (BM = 0.9 kg, P = 0.008; fat mass = 0.9 kg, P < 0.001) in HCHO. The 76-item Recovery–Stress Questionnaire for Athletes, undertaken at the end of each dietary phase, showed significant diet–trial effects for overall stress (P = 0.021), overall recovery (P = 0.024), sport-specific stress (P = 0.003), and sport-specific recovery (P = 0.012). However, improvements in race performance were similar: 4.5% ± 4.1% and 3.5% ± 1.8% for HCHO and LEA, respectively (P < 0.001). The relationship between changes in performance and prerace BM was not significant (r = −0.08 [−0.49 to 0.35], P = 0.717).

Conclusions
A series of strategically timed but brief phases of substantially restricted energy availability might achieve ideal race weight as part of a long-term periodization of physique by high-performance athletes, but the relationship between BM, training quality, and performance in weight-dependent endurance sports is complicated.
Gait Variability Structure Linked to Worse Cartilage Composition Post-ACL Reconstruction
Authors: ARMITANO-LAGO CORTNEY , DAVIS-WILSON HOPE C. , EVANS-PICKETT ALYSSA , LISEE CAROLINE , KERSHNER CASSIDY E. , BLACKBURN TROY , FRANZ JASON R. , KIEFER ADAM W. , NISSMAN DANIEL , PIETROSIMONE BRIAN 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aberrant gait variability has been observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), yet it remains unknown if gait variability is associated with early changes in cartilage composition linked to osteoarthritis development. Our purpose was to determine the association between femoral articular cartilage T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging relaxation times and gait variability.

Methods
T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging and gait kinematics were collected in 22 ACLR participants (13 women; 21 ± 4 yr old; 7.52 ± 1.43 months post-ACLR). Femoral articular cartilage from the ACLR and uninjured limbs were segmented into anterior, central, and posterior regions from the weight-bearing portions of the medial and lateral condyles. Mean T1ρ relaxation times were extracted from each region and interlimb ratios (ILR) were calculated (i.e., ACLR/uninjured limb). Greater T1ρ ILR values were interpreted as less proteoglycan density (worse cartilage composition) in the injured limb compared with the uninjured limb. Knee kinematics were collected at a self-selected comfortable walking speed on a treadmill with an eight-camera three-dimensional motion capture system. Frontal and sagittal plane kinematics were extracted, and sample entropy was used to calculate kinematic variability structure (KVstructure). Pearson’s product–moment correlations were conducted to determine the associations between T1ρ and KVstructure variables.

Results
Lesser frontal plane KVstructure was associated with greater mean T1ρ ILR in the anterior lateral (r = −0.44, P = 0.04) and anterior medial condyles (r = −0.47, P = 0.03). Lesser sagittal plane KVstructure was associated with greater mean T1ρ ILR in the anterior lateral condyle (r = −0.47, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
The association between less KVstructure and worse femoral articular cartilage proteoglycan density suggests a link between less variable knee kinematics and deleterious changes joint tissue changes. The findings suggest that less knee kinematic variability structure is a mechanism linking aberrant gait to early osteoarthritis development.
Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among dentists: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kostares Evangelos , Kostare Georgia , Kostares Michael , Kantzanou Maria 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among dental surgeons and the effect of possible moderators on it. Methods: A systematic literature search (Medline and Embase databases) was conducted independently by two reviewers. Only observational studies that examined specifically the prevalence rates of CTS among dentists were included. Quality assessment was performed. The pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated. Outlier and influential analysis were conducted. Moderator analysis was performed in order the effect of categorical and continuous variables on the estimated prevalence to be investigated. Results: In total, ten eligible studies (3,547 participants) were finally included in this meta-analysis. Two of them were estimated as high quality (low risk of bias) and the remaining ones as moderate quality (moderate risk of bias). The overall prevalence of CTS among dental surgeons was estimated as 9.87% (95%CI 6.84%-14.03%) with significant heterogeneity between studies. No study was identified as influential. Potential sources of heterogeneity were not identified through the moderator analysis. In the subgroup analysis the prevalence was 12.47% (95%CI 6.38%-22.95%) for the group identified as having CTS through medical history and at least clinical examination or electrodiagnostic testing and 8.56% (95%CI 5.53%-13.01%) among those who identified solely through questionnaire (previously diagnosed). Conclusions: Our findings are important to provide the pooled prevalence of CTS among dentists. Our results were based on highly heterogeneous studies. Our study reports a considerable prevalence, consequently, significance of awareness among dental surgeons regarding the etiology of this issue is more than necessary. More studies need to be conducted that could guide researchers in order this issue to be fully investigated.
An audit review of midwifery qualifications and distribution in Zambia
Authors: Mwamba Bupe , Nyemba Dorothy C , Al-Nsour Esra'a Ahmad , Bombwe Sondashi , Yang Yutong , Ahinkorah Bright 
Published: March 2023

Background In Zambia, the last decade has seen the development of multiple midwifery qualification, including direct-entry midwifery, an advanced diploma in nursing and midwifery, or a Bachelor of Science, Master of Science or Doctor of Philosophy in midwifery programme. Despite advancements in midwifery training, there is no research on different categories of midwifery qualifications in Zambia and their competencies. Therefore, there is a need to review midwifery qualifications and the distribution of midwives in Zambia. The aim of this audit review was to evaluate qualification categories of midwives currently registered with the General Nursing and Midwifery Council of Zambia and the distribution of midwives across Zambia. Methods An audit review of midwifery qualifications and their distribution across Zambia was undertaken using the General Nursing and Midwifery Council of Zambia's register of nurses and midwives 2020. Data were extracted from the report and presented as frequencies. Results A total of 6112 midwives were registered by the General Nursing and Midwifery Council of Zambia at the time of data collection, of which the majority (87.6%) were women and registered nurse midwives (52.7%). The most common place of practice was a hospital (41.5%) and the greatest proportion of midwives worked in Lusaka (24.6%). Conclusions This audit review provides insights into midwifery qualification categories in Zambia and their distribution, and indicates that levels of practice should be clearly defined in terms of their competencies. With advancements in midwifery training, the authors believe there will be an increase in midwives' autonomy and their involvement in decision making at all levels of care.
Postpartum mothers' perceptions of factors that influence postpartum traumatic stress disorder in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Agba Mathias , Osuchukwu Easter Chukwudi , Nwakwe Ndukaku Chinazaekpere , Edet Bamidele Olaide 
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims During pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, a woman's risk of developing a mental disorder increases. These disorders can include postpartum traumatic stress disorder, maternal postpartum depression and maternal psychotic disorder. This study's aim was to explore postpartum mothers' perceptions of the factors that prevent or contribute to postpartum traumatic stress disorder at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Cross River State. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey approach was used with a sample of 138 women chosen at random from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on the participants' agreement with statements regarding the influence of social support, economic status and professional support on preventing postpartum traumatic stress disorder. Responses on a Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree) to statements on each of the factors were converted to means, with a mean score ≥2.5 indicating a factor that had a positive influence on preventing postpartum traumatic stress disorder. Results Social support (mean score: 3.64), having a high economic status (mean score: 3.71) and receiving professional support (mean score: 3.83) were perceived to have a positive impact on preventing postpartum traumatic stress disorder. There was a significant link between the influencing factors and the impact on postpartum traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions A traumatic birthing experience can have a negative impact on postpartum traumatic stress disorder, which can be mitigated by support from friends and professionals, as well as by a family's economic status. Future research should explore this issue at other health facilities across Nigeria to ascertain the factors associated with postpartum traumatic stress disorder.
MEDIAL MALLEOLUS: OPERATIVE OR NONOPERATIVE (MOON): A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF OPERATIVE VERSUS NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATED MEDIAL MALLEOLUS FRACTURES IN UNSTABLE ANKLE FRACTURES
Authors: Carter T.H. , Oliver W.M. , Bell K.R. , Graham C. , Duckworth A.D. , White T.O. 
Published: March 2023

This prospective randomised trial aimed to assess the superiority of internal fixation of well-reduced medial malleolar fractures (displacement □2mm) compared with non-fixation, following fibular stabilisation in patients undergoing surgical management of a closed unstable ankle fracture.A total of 154 adult patients with a bi- or trimalleolar fracture were recruited from a single centre. Open injuries and vertically unstable medial malleolar fractures were excluded. Following fibular stabilisation, patients were randomised intra-operatively on a 1:1 basis to fixation or non-fixation after satisfactory fluoroscopic fracture reduction was confirmed. The primary outcome was the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) at 12 months post-randomisation. Complications were documented over the follow-up period.The baseline group demographics and injury characteristics were comparable. There were 144 patients reviewed at the primary outcome point (94%). The median OMAS was 80 (IQR, 60-90) in the fixation group vs. 72.5 (IQR, 55-90) in the non-fixation group (p=0.165). Complication rates were comparable, although significantly more patients (n=13, 20%) in the non-fixation group developed a radiographic non-union (p<0.001). The majority (n=8/13) were asymptomatic, with one patient requiring surgical reintervention. In the non-fixation group, a superior outcome was associated with an anatomical medial malleolar fracture reduction.Internal fixation is not superior to non-fixation of well-reduced medial malleolar fractures when managing unstable ankle fractures. However, one in five patients following non-fixation developed a radiographic non-union and whilst the re-intervention rate to manage this was low, the longer-term consequences of this are unknown. The results of this trial may support selective non-fixation of anatomically reduced fractures.