bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activities of plasma indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme in Nigerian patients with lung diseases: basis for tryptophan supplementation or IDO inhibitor use
Authors: Arinola Ganiyu Olatunbosun , Abdullahi Issa , Rahamon Sheu Kadiri , Fasasi Zainab Bolanle , Adedeji Olajumoke Oluwaseun , Kehinde Adigun , Bakare Adekunle Akeem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Clinical trial of IDO inhibitor or uses of micro-nutrient supplements during management of diseases is commonly done without having adequate basis for the practise. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid needed for T-lymphocyte function, and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that catalyses the rate-limiting step of Trp degradation in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway.

Materials and methods
Human IDO in the plasma samples was measured using ELISA in patients with non-infectious (asthma) and infectious diseases (pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19) compared with corresponding un-infected controls.

Results
Mean IDO activity in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher compared with corresponding control (p = 0.001) while mean IDO activity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was non-significantly higher compared with corresponding control (p = 0.520), and mean IDO activity in asthma patients was non-significantly lower compared with corresponding control (p = 0.102).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that IDO activity as an innate immune factor is increased in infectious lung diseases (COVID-19 and pulmonary tuberculosis) but reduced in non-infectious disease (asthma) and that use of tryptophan supplementation or IDO inhibitor may not be necessary in all lung diseases.
Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases
Authors: Jacopo Meldolesi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future.
Displaced bronchus and anomalous pulmonary vein passing dorsal to the pulmonary artery in a patient who underwent right upper lobectomy for lung cancer with lymph node metastases: a case report
Authors: Konno Hayato , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Mizuno Tetsuya , Kojima Hideaki , Ohde Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Tracheobronchial anomalies are extremely rare and are often associated with pulmonary arteriovenous anatomical anomalies. An anomalous right upper vein segment that passes between the pulmonary artery (PA) and bronchus is a rare vascular abnormality. We report a case of a displaced superior posterior branch (B2) that was independent of the superior apical/anterior branch (B1 + 3) accompanied by anomalous right superior pulmonary vein (SPV) anatomy in a patient who underwent right upper lobectomy for lung cancer with lymph node metastases.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old asymptomatic woman was shown to have an abnormal shadow on chest radiography performed during medical checkup and visited our hospital for further evaluation. The patient was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma (c-T1cN1M0, stage IIB) involving the right superior posterior segment (S2) with an abnormally displaced B2 and an anomalous upper vein segment that was observed to run dorsal to the PA and anterior to the right upper bronchus. We performed right upper lobectomy and systematic hilar and mediastinal nodal dissection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Intraoperative findings revealed a displaced B2 bronchus independent from the B1 + 3 and an anomalous SPV, which was consistent with preoperative imaging findings.

Conclusion
Preoperative bronchoscopy and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) are essential to confirm bronchial bifurcation and vascular abnormalities to aid with meticulous surgical planning to select the optimal operative technique.
Secondary Neoplasms After Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Eapen Mary , Brazauskas Ruta , Williams David A. , Walters Mark C. , St Martin Andrew , Jacobs Benjamin L. , Antin Joseph H. , Bona Kira , Chaudhury Sonali , Coleman-Cowger Victoria H. , DiFronzo Nancy L. , Esrick Erica B. , Field Joshua J. , Fitzhugh Courtney D. , Kanter Julie , Kapoor Neena , Kohn Donald B. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , London Wendy B. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Talib Sohel , Thompson Alexis A. , Waller Edmund K. , Wun Ted , Horowitz Mary M. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE To report the incidence and risk factors for secondary neoplasm after transplantation for sickle cell disease. METHODS Included are 1,096 transplants for sickle cell disease between 1991 and 2016. There were 22 secondary neoplasms. Types included leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 15) and solid tumor (n = 7). Fine-Gray regression models examined for risk factors for leukemia/MDS and any secondary neoplasm. RESULTS The 10-year incidence of leukemia/MDS was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.90 to 2.9) and of any secondary neoplasm was 2.4% (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.8). After adjusting for other risk factors, risks for leukemia/MDS (hazard ratio, 22.69; 95% CI, 4.34 to 118.66; P = .0002) or any secondary neoplasm (hazard ratio, 7.78; 95% CI, 2.20 to 27.53; P = .0015) were higher with low-intensity (nonmyeloablative) regimens compared with more intense regimens. All low-intensity regimens included total-body irradiation (TBI 300 or 400 cGy with alemtuzumab, TBI 300 or 400 cGy with cyclophosphamide, TBI 200, 300, or 400 cGy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, or TBI 200 cGy with fludarabine). None of the patients receiving myeloablative and only 23% of those receiving reduced-intensity regimens received TBI. CONCLUSION Low-intensity regimens rely on tolerance induction and establishment of mixed-donor chimerism. Persistence of host cells exposed to low-dose radiation triggering myeloid malignancy is one plausible etiology. Pre-existing myeloid mutations and prior inflammation may also contribute but could not be studied using our data source. Choosing conditioning regimens likely to result in full-donor chimerism may in part mitigate the higher risk for leukemia/MDS.
Idecabtagene Vicleucel for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Real-World Experience From the Myeloma CAR T Consortium
Authors: Hansen Doris K. , Sidana Surbhi , Peres Lauren C. , Colin Leitzinger Christelle , Shune Leyla , Shrewsbury Alexandria , Gonzalez Rebecca , Sborov Douglas W. , Wagner Charlotte , Dima Danai , Hashmi Hamza , Kocoglu Mehmet H. , Atrash Shebli , Simmons Gary , Kalariya Nilesh , Ferreri Christopher , Afrough Aimaz , Kansagra Ankit , Voorhees Peter , Baz Rachid , Khouri Jack , Alsina Melissa , McGuirk Joseph , Locke Frederick L. , Patel Krina K. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) is an autologous B-cell maturation antigen–directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) on the basis of the phase II pivotal KarMMa trial, which demonstrated best overall and ≥ complete response rates of 73% and 33%, respectively. We report clinical outcomes with standard-of-care (SOC) ide-cel under the commercial Food and Drug Administration label. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from patients with RRMM who underwent leukapheresis as of February 28, 2022, at 11 US institutions with intent to receive SOC ide-cel. Toxicities were graded per American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy guidelines and managed according to each institution's policies. Responses were graded on the basis of the International Myeloma Working Group response criteria. RESULTS One hundred fifty-nine of 196 leukapheresed patients received ide-cel by data cutoff. One hundred twenty (75%) infused patients would have been ineligible for participation in the KarMMa clinical trial because of comorbidities at the time of leukapheresis. Any grade and grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 82/3% and 18/6%, respectively. Best overall and ≥ complete response rates were 84% and 42%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 6.1 months from chimeric antigen receptor T infusion, the median progression-free survival was 8.5 months (95% CI, 6.5 to not reached) and the median overall survival was 12.5 months (95% CI, 11.3 to not reached). Patients with previous exposure to B-cell maturation antigen–targeted therapy, high-risk cytogenetics, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 at lymphodepletion, and younger age had inferior progression-free survival on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The safety and efficacy of ide-cel in patients with RRMM in the SOC setting were comparable with those in the phase II pivotal KarMMa trial despite most patients (75%) not meeting trial eligibility criteria.
Cosmetic Results and Side Effects of Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation Versus Whole-Breast Irradiation for Low-Risk Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast: The Randomized Phase III IRMA Trial
Authors: Meduri Bruno , Baldissera Antonella , Iotti Cinzia , Scheijmans Luc J.E.E. , Stam Marcel R. , Parisi Salvatore , Boersma Liesbeth J. , Ammendolia Ilario , Koiter Eveline , Valli Mariacarla , Scandolaro Luciano , Busz Dianne , Stenfert Kroese Marika C. , Ciabatti Selena , Giacobazzi Patrizia , Ruggieri Maria P. , Engelen Antoine , Munafò Tindara , Westenberg A. Helen , Verhoeven Karolien , Vicini Roberto , D'Amico Roberto , Lohr Frank , Bertoni Filippo , Poortmans Philip , Frezza Giovanni P. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE The results in terms of side effects vary among the published accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) studies. Here, we report the 5-year results for cosmetic outcomes and toxicity of the IRMA trial. METHODS We ran this randomized phase III trial in 35 centers. Women with stage I-IIA breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery, age ≥ 49 years, were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either whole-breast irradiation (WBI) or external beam radiation therapy APBI (38.5 Gy/10 fraction twice daily). Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary end point was ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. We hereby present the analysis of the secondary outcomes, cosmesis, and normal tissue toxicity. All side effects were graded with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiation Morbidity Scoring Schema. Analysis was performed with both intention-to-treat and as-treated approaches. RESULTS Between March 2007 and March 2019, 3,309 patients were randomly assigned to 1,657 WBI and 1,652 APBI; 3,225 patients comprised the intention-to-treat population (1,623 WBI and 1,602 APBI). At a median follow-up of 5.6 (interquartile range, 4.0-8.4) years, adverse cosmesis in the APBI patients was higher than that in the WBI patients at 3 years (12.7% v 9.2%; P = .009) and at 5 years (14% v 9.8%; P = .012). Late soft tissue toxicity (grade ≥ 3: 2.8% APBI v 1% WBI, P < .0001) and late bone toxicity (grade ≥ 3: 1.1% APBI v 0% WBI, P < .0001) were significantly higher in the APBI arm. There were no significant differences in late skin and lung toxicities. CONCLUSION External beam radiation therapy-APBI with a twice-daily IRMA schedule was associated with increased rates of late moderate soft tissue and bone toxicities, with a slight decrease in patient-reported cosmetic outcomes at 5 years when compared with WBI, although overall toxicity was in an acceptable range.
Localized heterochrony integrates overgrowth potential of oncogenic clones
Authors: Blum Nicola , Harris Matthew P. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Somatic mutations occur frequently and can arise during embryogenesis, resulting in the formation of a patchwork of mutant clones. Such mosaicism has been implicated in a broad range of developmental anomalies; however, their etiology is poorly understood. Patients carrying a common somatic oncogenic mutation in either PIK3CA or AKT1 can present with disproportionally large digits or limbs. How mutant clones, carrying an oncogenic mutation that often drives unchecked proliferation, can lead to controlled and coordinated overgrowth is unknown. We use zebrafish to explore the growth dynamics of oncogenic clones during development. Here, in a subset of clones, we observed a local increase in proportion of the fin skeleton closely resembling overgrowth phenotypes in patients. We unravel the cellular and developmental mechanisms of these overgrowths, and pinpoint the cell type and timing of clonal expansion. Coordinated overgrowth is associated with rapid clone expansion during early pre-chondrogenic phase of bone development, inducing a heterochronic shift that drives the change in bone size. Our study details how development integrates and translates growth potential of oncogenic clones, thereby shaping the phenotypic consequences of somatic mutations.
Cross-species characterization in the reproduction of Spodoptera sunia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Real-Baca C. I. , Zuniga-Gonzalez C. A. 
Published: January 2023

Background: The research focused on evaluating the biological and reproductive parameters of the species Spodoptera sunia with the introduction of field genetic material, in the Noctuid Insect Breeding Laboratory. Methods: The study was pre-experimental using three treatments with 30 individuals and three repetitions. The individuals were collected from the field, transferred to the laboratory under semi-controlled conditions of temperature and humidity, later they were quarantined for up to three generations for the assembly of the test where the crossing was carried out. In the measurement of the biological and reproductive parameters. Results: The results of the treatments showed that the biological and reproductive parameters in relation to the number of pupae were T2 34 males and 26 females, T3 was 33 males, and 27 females, T1 obtained 27 males and 33 females. The average weight in female T1 was 0.2112 mg and T2 was 0.2401 mg. The number of eggs in T1 in nine days oviposited 196 egg masses, in T2 in seven days 59 egg masses were oviposited, and in T3 160 egg masses were oviposited. In the length parameter in mm T3 obtained 30 mm in larval development, T1 and T2 obtained 27 mm. Finally, in the development stages, the number of days was for T1 and T2, 24 days and for T3 18 days. In the adult stages T1 and T2 it was 12 days and for T3 10 days. In the egg stage in the three treatments it was three days and the pupal stage was eight days. Conclusions: It is concluded that T2 and T3 presented the most optimal results. It is recommended to introduce genetic material every six months to maintain a good production of larvae of the species under study in laboratories for the production and reproduction of insect breeding.
Now You See It, Now You Don’t: Obfuscation of Online Third-Party Information Sharing
Authors: Eshghi Ashkan , Gopal Ram D. , Hidaji Hooman , Patterson Raymond A. 
Published: January 2023

The practice of sharing online user information with external third parties has become the focal point of privacy concerns for consumer advocacy groups and policy makers. We explore the decisions by websites regarding the obfuscation that they use to make it difficult for users to discover the extent of information sharing. Using a Bayesian model, we shed light on the websites’ incentive to obfuscate user information sharing. We find that as content sensitivity increases, a website reduces its level of obfuscation. Furthermore, more popular websites engage in higher levels of obfuscation than less popular ones. We provide an empirical analysis of obfuscation and user information sharing in News (low content sensitivity) and Health (high content sensitivity) websites and confirm key results from our analytical model. Our analysis illustrates that obfuscation of information sharing is a viable strategy that websites use to improve their profits. History: Ram Ramesh, area editor for Data Science & Machine Learning. Funding: Financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1266 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0070 ) at http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7336098 .
Boosting the Wisdom of Crowds Within a Single Judgment Problem: Weighted Averaging Based on Peer Predictions
Authors: Palley Asa B. , Satopää Ville A. 
Published: January 2023

A combination of point estimates from multiple judges often provides a more accurate aggregate estimate than a point estimate from a single judge, a phenomenon called “the wisdom of crowds.” However, if the judges use shared information when forming their estimates, the simple average will end up overemphasizing this common component at the expense of the judges’ private information. A decision maker could in theory obtain a more accurate estimate by appropriately combining all information behind the judges’ opinions. Although this information underlies the judges’ individual estimates, it is typically unobservable and thus cannot be directly aggregated by a decision maker. In this article, we propose a weighting of judges’ individual estimates that appropriately combines their collective information within a single estimation problem. Judges are asked to provide both a point estimate of the quantity of interest and a prediction of the average estimate that will be given by all other judges. Predictions of others are then used as part of a criterion to determine weights that are applied to each judge’s estimate to form an aggregate estimate. Our weighting procedure is robust to noise in the judges’ responses and can be expressed in closed form. We use both simulation and data from a collection of experimental studies to illustrate that the weighting procedure outperforms existing methods. An R package called metaggR implements our method and is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Indiana University Kelley School of Business and INSEAD. Supplemental Material: The data files and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4648 .
Gender Differences in Responses to Competitive Organization? A Field Experiment on Differences Between STEM and Non-STEM Fields from an Internet-of-Things Platform
Authors: Boudreau Kevin J. , Kaushik Nilam 
Published: January 2023

Prior research, primarily based on laboratory experiments of children and students, suggests that women might be more averse to competition than are men; women might, instead, be more inclined toward collaboration. Were these findings to generalize to working-age men and women across the workforce, there could be profound implications for organizational design and personnel management. We report on a field experiment in which 97,678 adults from a wide range of fields of training and career stages were invited to join a product development platform. Individuals were randomly assigned to treatments framing the opportunity as either involving competitive or collaborative interactions with other participants. Among those outside of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, we find differences in the willingness of men and women to participate under competition. Thus, patterns in non-STEM fields conform to the usual claims of gender differences. However, among those in STEM fields, we find no statistical gender differences. Results hold under a series of alternative specifications, controls, and stratified analyses of 17 narrowly defined STEM subfields. The results are consistent with sorting into fields on the basis of competitiveness, as suggested by prior research, as well as other explanations we discuss. Overall, heterogeneity among women and heterogeneity among men appear to be at least as important as population-wide gender differences. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: This work was supported by Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation [Grant G00005624]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1624 .
Anterior cruciate ligament remnant preservation attenuates apoptosis and enhances the regeneration of hamstring tendon graft
Authors: Lu Cheng-Chang , Ho Cheng-Jung , Chen Shu-Jung , Liu Zi-Miao , Chou Paul P-H. , Ho Mei-Ling , Tien Yin-Chun 
Published: January 2023

Aims The effects of remnant preservation on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and its relationship with the tendon graft remain unclear. We hypothesized that the co-culture of remnant cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) decreases apoptosis and enhances the activity of the hamstring tendons and tenocytes, thus aiding ACL reconstruction. Methods The ACL remnant, bone marrow, and hamstring tendons were surgically harvested from rabbits. The apoptosis rate, cell proliferation, and expression of types I and III collagen, transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF), and tenogenic genes (scleraxis ( SCX), tenascin C ( TNC), and tenomodulin ( TNMD)) of the hamstring tendons were compared between the co-culture medium (ACL remnant cells (ACLRCs) and BMSCs co-culture) and control medium (BMSCs-only culture). We also evaluated the apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression of hamstring tenocytes with exposure to co-culture and control media. Results Compared to BMSCs-only culture medium, the co-culture medium showed substantially decreased early and late apoptosis rates, attenuation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and enhanced proliferation of the hamstring tendons and tenocytes. In addition, the expression of collagen synthesis, TGF-β, VEGF, and tenogenic genes in the hamstring tendons and tenocytes significantly increased in the co-culture medium compared to that in the control medium. Conclusion In the presence of ACLRCs and BMSCs, the hamstring tendons and tenocytes significantly attenuated apoptosis and enhanced the expression of collagen synthesis, TGF-β, VEGF, and tenogenic genes. This in vitro study suggests that the ACLRCs mixed with BMSCs could aid regeneration of the hamstring tendon graft during ACL reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(1):9–21.