bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Polymer Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Sangwan Bharti , Kumar Sushant , Singh Abhimanyu , Pandey S. P. , Singh Pramod K. , Singh Ram Chandra , Tomar Richa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to increasing energy demand day by day, it must be necessary to have an alternate source of energy beside natural resources. Sun is the ultimate source of solar energy. So, from this solar energy, various types of solar cells are fabricated easily which are available in markets but these are somewhat costly. So, there is requirement of a low‐cost alternative to costly crystalline solar cells, which is fulfilled by dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Due to many potential properties like good ionic conductivity, thin film forming ability and many more, polymer electrolyte plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of DSSC which cannot be obtained by using volatile liquid electrolytes which are used earlier. The reliance of DSSCs on liquid electrolytes imposes a limit and restriction on the manufacture of DSSC modules. Liquid electrolyte faces many problems like corrosion, leakage, and evaporation. When the photoanode comes into touch with the volatilized redox‐electrolytes solution, the charge distribution at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface changes, resulting in photo corrosion on the photoelectrode. Furthermore, electron recombination at semiconductor–liquid electrolytes interfaces is discovered to cause performance losses. The concept of ionic conductivity observed in polymer materials when complexed with salt is a significant step forward in the development of DSSC devices.In this review, the fabrication of DSSC using polymer electrolyte, specifically PVA based solid polymer electrolyte is discussed. Here solid polymer electrolytes are of special interest due to thin film forming ability and overall good performance. Due to inherent properties like cost‐effectiveness, better tensile strength, and high hydrophilicity, PVA is chosen as a novel applicant for host polymer. The recent advancement of DSSC using modified PVA polymer electrolyte by incorporation of nanosized fillers, plasticizers, polymer blend, by the formation of conducting polymer electrolyte are discussed in detail. The improvement in ionic conductivity and enhanced efficiency of DSSC by using above mentioned factors are also discussed.
Effect of Carrier Gas on Spray Pyrolysis Deposited SnO2 Thin Films
Authors: Katariya Nitu , Singh Bhavana , Saxena Amit , Ganesan Vedachalaiyer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanostructured SnO2 thin films are synthesized by the chemical Spray pyrolysis method in presence of air and nitrogen as carrier gas. The study has emphasized on the impact of carrier gas on the underlying, electrical, and optical properties of the deposited thin films. XRD studies uncover that there is no variation in the crystalline structure of the film. The SnO2 thin films prepared using nitrogen as carrier gas is found more conductive as compared to the film prepared using air as a carrier gas. The change in conductivity is due to the increased oxygen deficiency in the nitrogen atmosphere. The HBM and EMA models are used to calculate particle radius by optical absorption data, showing the particle diameter is low for nitrogen as compared to air as carrier gas. The activation energy is also found to decrease in presence of nitrogen as carrier gas. This may be due to shallow donor and deep acceptor levels of semiconductors. The decrease in particle size increases the number of surface atoms, responsible for a decrease in activation energy of films.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Diclofenac (DCF) Derivatives
Authors: Tomar Divya Rana , Mehrotra Kushal , Bhattacharya Bhaskar , Saxena Amit , Jayakumar Venkatesan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the years, scientific community has shown immense interest in the synthesis of novel, bioactive molecules with few adverse effects. Instead of painstaking multistep synthesis with hazardous synthetic reagents, also for clinical studies, it is better to enhance the activity and tuning by structural modification of the commercial drugs based on their structural and biological properties. It is demonstrated that diclofenac (DCF) be an effective analgesic and anti‐pyretic in the treatment of cancer‐related pain, but it has limitations and adverse effects as gastrointestinal irritation, small intestine damage, nausea, platelet dysfunction, and vertigo. Wherefore the main objective of the current research is to investigate new, novel, green methods of preparation of DCF derivatives, and structural characterization with the help of FT‐IR, UV‐Visible spectroscopy, MS spectrometry techniques.
Traffic‐Related Air Pollution and Associated Human Health Risk
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kumar Suman , Pandey Shri Prakash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAir pollution is a big danger to medium and low‐income countries like India. It is one of the most serious pollution issues and the main source of adverse health consequences in humans. It is discovered that it is responsible for nearly 4.2 million premature deaths each year due to particulate matter (PM) pollution, which causes cardiovascular, infectious, and carcinogenic diseases. According to various epidemiological analyses, NO2, i.e., nitrogen dioxide and RSPM, i.e., respirable suspended particulate matter have a comparatively higher association with respiratory problems and a modest correlation with cough and asthma, indicating that NO2 and RSPM are of significant concern. The key cause of air pollution is an exponential increase of licensed cars, which causes traffic congestion, the proliferation of older vehicles, inadequate inspection and repair, the absence of public transit and carpooling, poor fuel quality, insufficient traffic enforcement, poor road conditions, a lack of public knowledge, and the inefficiency of pollution control boards. In 2020, based on the recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission, the Government of India has set aside about $1.7 billion to fight air pollution over the next 5 years for the 42 Indian cities that have million‐plus populations—provided they reduce their air pollution levels by 15% every year.
One‐Dimensionl Inversion of Magnetotelluric Field Data by SIS and Occam's Inversion Technique: A Case Study from the Indian Himalaya
Authors: Tyagi Deepak. Kumar , Sharma A. K. , Sehrawat Rajeev , Mittal Rashmi , Pandey S. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic method is one of the most effective geophysical methods in earth crust and mantle structure studies. Magnetotelluric (MT) data are used to obtain resistivity image of earth's surface on the depth scale of few hundred of meters to several tens of km. One‐dimensional (1D) MT inversion is carried out to estimate electrical resistivity variation of earth's surface with depth. In the present research paper one‐dimensional inversion of MT sounding curves is carried out on nine sites in foothill of Himalaya near Roorkee to Hardwar region. A non‐iterative and minimum norm estimator based algorithm Straight forward Inversion Scheme (SIS) is used to obtain continuous smoothest resistivity depth model. Another iterative and minimum norm estimator based algorithm Occam's inversion scheme is also used to obtain smoothest one‐dimensional inversion model. The data is inverted for both TE‐ and TM‐mode of polarization. The inverted data shows one‐dimensional behavior of subsurface resistivity up to depth about 0–15 km with resistivity variation ≈10–100 ohm‐m in both modes of polarization and after that the subsurface structure is two‐dimensional in both modes. 1D inversion of data provides a good starting model to reduce the computational cost of two‐dimensional inversion.
Electrochemical Behavior of Emeraldine Salt Polymer Coated LixFePO4 Cathode Materials with Excess Lithium Doping
Authors: Sehrawat Rajeev , Mittal Rashmi , Tyagi D. K. , Sharma A. K. , Pandey S. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe LixFePO4 cathode material with x = 1.00, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, and 1.20 has been synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The particles of LixFePO4 material are further in‐situ coated with emeraldine salt (ES) polymer. These ES coated LixFePO4 (LixFePO4‐ES) particles have been characterized by XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, and DTA/TG analyses. The XRD analysis of LixFePO4 indicates the formation of pure single phase of LiFePO4 (for x = 1.00, 1.05, and 1.10). Excess of lithium have no influence on the crystal structure of LixFePO4 upto x = 1.10 and no other phase containing Li+ is formed. The material LixFePO4 (for x = 1.15) shows low intensity peaks corresponding to Li3PO4 phase at 2θ = 22.31° and 23.19°. The peaks are found significant for the composite material for x = 1.20. The micrograph of composite powder LixFePO4‐ES shows good coverage of LixFePO4 particle by PANI. The materials LixFePO4 and LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.00–1.20) are tested for discharge capacity and electrochemical impedance measurements for cathode materials. The electrochemical impedance spectra of LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.00 to 1.20) show low charge transfer resistance (Rct), as compared to LixFePO4 indicating polyaniline incorporation have offered good conductivity. The highest discharge capacity of 131 mAh g–1 is obtained at the current rate of 2C for LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.10) cathode. The impurity phase that appears in the XRD pattern reduces the discharge capacity of LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.15 and 1.20).
Microstructural Features of Spray‐Deposited Cold Rolled Al Alloy
Authors: Mittal Rashmi , Sehrawat Rajeev , Reddy Bandi Venkata Ramana , Tyagi Deepak , Sharma Anil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present work, the microstructural studies of spray deposited Al‐6Si alloys with different lead content are conducted for 0% and 40% of rolling deformation. SEM and Optical micrographs are taken for different percentage of lead content. Fine equiaxed grain morphology is observed with a uniform distribution of Pb and Si phase in an Al‐matrix and it is found from the microstructures that the size of Pb particles increased with the increase in Pb content. Grains are stretched out in the rolling direction after cold rolling. Pore size is found to decrease after 40% rolling reduction, however, it is increased with the increase in Pb content.
Analysis of Cancer Model Using Delayed Modeling
Authors: Mishra Alpna , Alam Khursheed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer is turning into the leading cause of death across the planet but with all of the details on how to expand complementary treatment strategies, it is continued to be a mystery. Mathematical models provide realistic representations and sizes of complex biological systems, as well as the clarification of organisms by their effects can provide insight into the shape predictions of the plant under different conditions. Also tumorigenesis can be understandable by the use of biomaterials and biomaterials have also ability to identify and capture tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. As to recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment in vitro, including architectural, mechanical, and biological functions, natural and synthetic biomaterials can be applied as models. In this work, a mathematical model is developed by using the delay differential equation methodology in which the discussion has been made on stability analysis with time delay.
Fiber Reinforced Biopolymer Composites: A Review
Authors: Singh Pavan Kumar , Pandey Prakash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEven though the use of petroleum products is quite prevalent but their non‐biodegradability is a great cause of concern. In recent decades, stupendous research in the field of bio‐degradable material has been carried out from which biodegradable polymers or biopolymers are come out as a popular substitute for petroleum‐based plastics. However, these biopolymers possess average mechanical properties, so they need to be reinforced with some stuff that is bio‐degradable such that their addition maintains their bio‐degradability and enhances the mechanical properties. Even though the reinforcement of natural fiber improves the physical and mechanical properties however various modifications in the fiber it needs to be done to improve the fiber–matrix bonding so as to increase its competence against non‐biodegradable products such as petrochemical‐based polymer composite. Also, it has been reported that various type of fiber has been reinforced simultaneously in a single matrix to produce a superior hybrid bio‐degradable composite. The various studies have been focused on the characterization and processing of bio‐based materials, as well as their synergistic application and future potential as biopolymer composites in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Wave Propagation Properties of a One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Double Negative Metamaterial
Authors: Pandey Alok Kumar , Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Kumar Narendra , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Pandey J. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this simulation work, the wave vector and reflectance properties of a 1DPC made of dielectric/metamaterial multilayer structure employing TMM, for TE and TM modes are studied. For TE mode, it is observed that the obtained wide bandgap increases with increase in the angle of incidence, whereas the narrow bandgap also shows a minor increase with increase in the incident angle. It is noted that bandgap increases with increase in the incident angle in TE mode, while bears opposite behavior in TM mode and decreases with increase in the incident angle. If the DPS thickness is increased, the number of bands increases in both TE and TM modes, while the wide bandgaps for TE and TM decreases in width. In both cases of the increased DPS width, it is found that the narrow bandgap obtained in TM mode is showing enhancement with an increase in incident angle, and exhibits ultra‐tunable behavior. Some other researchers have reported earlier that a complementary split‐ring resonator based metamaterial with effective medium ratio has influence on the extraction of effective permittivity, permeability, and refractive index, where DNG regions exist in the ranges 6.34–7.39  and 8.20–9.98  GHz. Comparing with the proposed DNG, the study finds that the aforesaid values correspond to frequency regime taken in our case, 1–10 GHz, particularly the middle of the range 1–10 GHz, where broadband is obtained, which is satisfactory. The insights included in the article can be employed in designing microwave broadband reflectors, tunable mirrors, and can be proved to be useful in photovoltaic cells. Such PC can also be employed in designing super lenses as well as optical cloaking, and the miniaturization of antennas.
Cloud Computing Security: Machine and Deep Learning Models Analysis
Authors: Mishra Janmaya Kumar , Janarthanan Midhunchakkaravarthy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCloud computing (CC) is on‐demand deliverable services over computer network for data processing and storage. CC has emerged with multiple datacenters available all over the world and providing services with a pay‐as‐you‐go criteria. Even though the cloud system has numerous advantages still it faces one of the major challenges like vulnerability to security attacks. There are multiple types of attacks categorized to break the security like Man‐in‐the‐middle, Malware injection, and Denial‐of‐service (DOS), etc. In case of deep learning (DL), the network called as convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of deep neural networks (DNN). It is generally used to explore visual imagery. CNN are computationally comprehensive for a commercial computer. In this paper, the focus is to highlight various security attacks in the cloud with machine and deep learning methods for the detection of attacks. Also review different Machine Learning (ML) methods to overcome the cloud security challenges.
Transmittance Properties of Metamaterial and Dielectric Based One‐Dimensional Ternary Periodic Structure
Authors: Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Kumar Narendra , Singh Pawan , Thapa Khem B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this simulation work, the optical transmission through a 1DTPS considering Si, metamaterial, and SiO2 with different thicknesses for Gigahertz device applications is studied. This discusses tunable band characteristics of the ternary periodic structure with variations in metamaterial thicknesses and incident angle, for TE as well as TM mode, and shows an omni‐directional application. It is noted that the transmission decreases in TE mode with increases in the metamaterial thickness, whereas increases in TM mode. Also, the transmittance in TE mode decreases on increasing the angle of incidence, whereas that increases for TM mode. Hence, it can be mentioned that the structure is a good transmitter of TM waves. The two PBGs increase with increase in the incident angle, for the TE mode; while in TM mode, the first PBG behaves in reverse manner and becomes narrow. For both cases of s and p waves, the PBGs exhibit blue shift with increase in the incident angle. It is to mention that a widen PBG region in the range 6–10 GHz in the first band is common in TE and TM modes at all incident angles, and hence the TPS shows the features of omni‐directional reflector. Such kinds of PCs enable better ideas in designing tunable microwave devices as well as ODR based devices like solar cells.
Preparation and Characterization of ZnO – ZnFe2O4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Kiran Surasi , Saibaba Konagolla , Ramesh Thotakura , Ashok Kollu , Polu Anji Reddy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) powders are synthesized using a sol‐gel combustion method. The synthesized powders' crystal structure and microstructure are studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation spectroscopy (FTIR), and a field effective scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD studies confirm the presence of nanocrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO and spinel phases for ZnFe2O4. The average crystallite size of the powders measured from XRD patterns is 16 nm for ZnO and 10 nm for ZnFe2O4, respectively. The composite samples of (x) ZnO + (1‐x) ZnFe2O4 (where 0 ≤ x≤ 1) are prepared by high energy ball milling and sintered at 900°C in a microwave furnace. The prepared composite samples are characterized using X‐ray diffraction, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The grain size of all composite samples ranges from 74 to 132 nm. The room temperature complex permittivity (ɛ' & ε″″) of composite samples is measured in the frequency range of 1 MHz–1.8 GHz.
Exploring the Supply Chain Challenges in the Area of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Shyam Hari Shankar , Shuaib Ibrahim , Pandey Shri Prakash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectric vehicles are the ride of the future and efficiency in energy storage of lithium‐ion batteries turns out to be a fresh challenge when it comes to the supply chain. Unlike liquid fuel, lithium‐ion batteries are more critical when it comes to distribution into the market due to their availability in the market. Lithium storage around the world is quite limited and a solution toward its extraction, storage, and transportation is still a challenge. Several molecular science studies on lithium‐ion batteries have shown that the efficiency of lithium‐ion batteries during storage and transformation is impacted due to their cell design and structuring under physicochemical characteristics. Another problem that arises with the growth in demand for lithium‐ion batteries is its waste management and recycling procedure and how to harness the most out of the process. This paper tends to give an overview of how the supply chain for EV Lithium‐Ion batteries can be improved based on a few diagnostic and various experiment‐based studies. In this study, exploratory research based on qualitative data is conducted to better understand the various causes that impact the supply chain management of lithium‐ion batteries used in electric vehicles. This paper looks forward to better understanding the causes that act as a supply chain failure in terms of the availability, storage, and transportation of lithium‐ion batteries.
Green Synthesis of Copper‐oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Tsegaye Meron Moges , Chouhan Garima , Kumar Manish , Pandey S.P. , Fentie Molla , Yadav Priya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn eco‐friendly green route for synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) by Prunella vulgaris flower aqueous extract is reported. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles are characterized in terms crystalline nature, morphology, structural, and antibacterial activity with UV‐vis, SEM, DLS, FTIR analysis tools. The synthesized CuONPs are well crystalline in nature with particle shape spherical and average particle size in the range 41–76 nm. The antimicrobial activity of CuONPs, determined by disk diffusion method against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, demonstrates a significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus followed by K. pneumoniae. In view of the promising activity, CuONPs can be used as an antibacterial agent. The possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of CuONPs should be further investigated.
Bias Current Modulation of DC and RF Properties of AlmGa1‐m∼GaN Heterojunction IMPATT at Sub‐Millimeter Wave Frequency
Authors: Banerjee Suranjana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge signal RF properties of double drift region (DDR) Impact Avalanche Transit Time (IMPATT) device based on AlmGa1‐m∼GaN heterojunction (HT) are investigated and their variation with bias currents has been presented here. These RF properties and their modulation will significantly validate the acceptability of the particular HT in the sub‐millimeter wave frequency domain. Avalanche noise plays the prime ground for making the IMPATT diode basically noisy and tunneling decays the performance of the device, as we move towards the higher frequency range like the sub‐millimeter frequency. These setbacks can be done with if the homojunction (HM) is replaced by heterojunction. This authenticates the choice of heterojunction over homojunction. Here, the author takes 500 GHz as the frequency of concern in the sub‐millimeter wave range. Here, two complementary heterojunctions of AlmGa1‐m∼GaN is taken with m = 0.4 or the mole fraction of Al in the alloy being 40% and their RF results are compared with two homojunctions of GaN and AlGaN for double drift region (DDR) IMPATT diode. Outcomes indicate that HT diodes surpass the high‐frequency performance of HM diodes if compared on the basis of dc to RF conversion efficiency and output power due to the influence of large amplitude ac signal. It is also observed that with increasing bias voltage dependent current, which is varied from 20 × 108to 40 × 108Am−2, the efficiency of conversion together with the power output increases. These results will be very important for further research in this domain.
Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties of Y2GdFe5O12 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Ramesh Thotakura , Reddy M. Chandra Shekhar , Sravanthi Basireddy , polu Anjireddy , Rao P. Nageswar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, the structural and magnetodielectric properties of gadolinium (Gd3+) substituted yttrium iron garnet (Y2GdFe5O12) are investigated. The hydrothermal synthesis method is used to prepare the powders. The prepared powders are sintered at three different temperatures. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) are used to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the sintered samples. The dielectric properties are measured over a frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz. A vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to determine the magnetic parameters of the samples and it is observed that the magnetic properties of the samples depend on the sintering temperature. The thermal change in magnetization parameter and the transition temperature of the samples are measured using the pulse magnetometer by applying 5kOe magnetic field. The collected results are analyzed and discussed using various theories.