bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysglycemia in Patients Presenting With Acute Primary Stroke or Acute Coronary Syndrome at a Tertiary Regional Referral Centre in Kenya
Authors: Owino Beverly Yongo , Visram Hasina , Shah Jasmit , Njenga Erick , Kunyiha Nancy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground: Diabetes and pre-diabetes are significant risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute primary stroke (APS). Dysglycemia in any context is under-diagnosed or identified late in resource-poor countries such as in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), especially when the patient is not known to have pre-morbid diabetes. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Inclusion criteria: consenting adults ≥ 18 years admitted with ACS/APS during the period April 2021- February 2022 inclusive. HbA1Cwas used to determine the glycemic status. Definition of diabetes and pre-diabetes was based on the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Results: From a total of 211 patients [144 (81.2%) of African race], the median age of the patients was 58 (49–68) years with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. 47.4% (n = 100) had ACS and 52.6% (n = 111) had APS. The prevalence of dysglycemia was 68.2% (95% CI: 61.5%-74.5%) with the prevalence of pre-diabetes being 30.3% (64/211) and type 2 diabetes 37.9% (80/211). Of the patients with dysglycemia, 47.9% (69/144) had a new diagnosis. The average duration of diabetes in patients known to have the condition was 6 years, with a median HbA1Cof 8.55 (inter-quartile range 7.21–10.47). 69.4% (137/211) had hypertension as a comorbidity. Among the patients with dysglycemia 73% (101/144) also had hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, age OR 1.05 (1.02–1.08) 95% CI p-value 0.003 and triglyceride levels OR 2.44 (1.44–4.48) 95% CI p-value 0.002 were significantly associated with dysglycemia. Conclusion: This study shows a remarkably high prevalence of dysglycaemia in patients with ACS/APS. The new diagnosis of pre-diabetes prevalence was comparable to diabetes in these patients, adding to the evidence that prediabetes portends significant cardiometabolic consequences and effects over and above the development of type 2 diabetes.
Energy cascade for distribution and evolution of supermassive black holes
Authors: Xu Zhijie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Strong correlations exist between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies. These correlations suggest a missing component in our current understanding: the role of energy cascade in SMBH-bulge coevolution. In this picture, energy is continuously cascaded from bulge scale $r_b$ down to the BH scale (Schwarzschild radius $r_s$). Energy cascade has a scale-independent, but decreasing rate $\varepsilon_b(t)\approx \sigma_b^3/r_b$ due to the cooling of baryonic component, where $\sigma_b$ is bulge velocity dispersion. The bulge mass-size ($M_b$-$r_b$) relation can be expressed as $M_b \propto \varepsilon_b^{2/3}r_b^{5/3}G^{-1}$, or a bulge density-size relation $\rho_b \propto \varepsilon_b^{2/3}r_b^{-4/3}G^{-1}$, with $\varepsilon_b \approx a^{-5/2}\times 10^{-4}m^2/s^3$, as confirmed by the galaxy survey, where $a$ is the scale factor and $G$ is the gravitational constant. Intermediate length scales can be defined based on the dominant physics on that scale, i.e. the BH sphere of influence $r_B$, radiation scale $r_p$, and dissipation scale $r_x$. For SMBH with a mass $M_B$, bolometric luminosity $L_B$, energy cascade leads to a "cascade" force that must be balanced by the BH radiation force in its early life, i.e. $L_B/c=M_B \varepsilon_b /\sigma_p$, where $c$ is light speed and $\sigma_p$ is the velocity dispersion on scale $r_p$. Since $\varepsilon_b$ is much larger in the early universe, BH accretion can be super-Eddington with $L_B$ exceeding the Eddington limit. In addition, the BH mass-dispersion relation ($M_B\propto \sigma_b^5$) is a natural result of the cascade theory. By introducing two dimensionless parameters $\gamma={L_B}/(M_B\varepsilon_b)$ and $\eta=({GL_B}/{c^5})^{{1}/{4}}$, the distribution and evolution of SMBHs can all be mapped onto the $\gamma$-$\eta$ plane. By setting $r_s \le r_p\le r_B$, the upper limit of distribution is found to be $L_B \propto (\varepsilon_b M_B)^{4/5}G^{-1/5}c$. The lower limit is found to be $L_B \propto (\varepsilon_b M_B)^{4/3}G^{1/3}c^{-5/3}$. Quasars tend to approach the upper limit, while dormant SMBHs (Sgr A* and M31) tend to approach the lower limit. A three stage mathematical model is proposed for SMBH evolution involving co-evolution, transitional, and dormant stages, respectively. Models are finally compared against the BH accretion history from quasar luminosity function from 2dF Redshift Survey, local galaxy and SMBHs data, and high redshift quasars from SDSS DR7 and CFHQS surveys.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer based on Machine
Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Dong Yuchao , Sun Qinying , Fang Chen 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the subject of intense
scholarly debate. We aimed to identify the potential biomarkers via bioinformatics analysis.

Methods:
Three datasets were downloaded from gene expression omnibus database (GEO). R
software was applied to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs)and analyze immune cell infiltrates.
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed significant function and pathway in two
groups. The diagnostic markers were further investigated by multiple machine learning algorithms
(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive
feature elimination (SVM-RFE)). Various online analytic platforms were utilized to explore the
expression and prognostic value of differential genes. Furthermore, western blotting was performed
to test the effects of genes on cell proliferation in vitro.

Results:
We identified 181 DEGs shared by two datasets and selected nine diagnostic markers.
Those genes were also significantly overexpressed in the third dataset. Topoisomerase II alpha
(TOP2A) is overexpressed in lung cancer and associated with a poor prognosis, which was confirmed
using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting. Additionally, TOP2A showed a negative
correlation with immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, eosinophils and natural killer (NK) cell.

Conclusion:
Collectively, for the first time, we applied multiple machine learning algorithms,
online databases and experiments in vitro to show that TOP2A is a potential biomarker for lung
adenocarcinoma and could facilitate the development of new treatment strategies.
The Effect of Bisoprolol on Premature Ventricular Complex in Vietnamese
Patients with Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Kim Tran Son , Ngo Toan Hoang , Phuong Nguyen Anh Thi , Ngoc Huynh Huyen Thi , Vo Cuong Tan , Bao Nguyen Ngan Ngoc , Nguyen Thang Hoang , Huynh Minh Van 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a common arrhythmia that causes a
large number of clinical symptoms, adversely impacts the quality of life, and can even initiate serious
arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The incidence of premature ventricular
contraction is higher in hypertensive patients, particularly if concomitant left ventricular hypertrophy
(LVH) is present.

Objectives:
This study was conducted on the characteristics of PVC in hypertensive patients with left
ventricular hypertrophy and aimed to evaluate the effect of bisoprolol on PVC in Vietnamese patients
with hypertension and LVH.

Subjects and Methods:
We conducted a study to determine how bisoprolol potency affected PVC
management in the group with both high blood pressure and LVH. We selected a convenient sample of
all patients who came to the Medical Examination Department at the Can Tho University of Medicine
and Pharmacy Hospital and met sampling criteria with hypertension, LVH on echocardiography, and
PVC on 12-leads electrocardiogram. Over 2 years, we collected 76 patients who satisfied the above
conditions. Out of which, 50 patients were indicated for management with bisoprolol, and 26 patients
were excluded from the study, including 7 patients with asthma and 19 patients who had simple PVC on
a 24-hour Holter ECG. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22.

Results:
Fifty patients participated in the study, of whom 70% were female. It is clear that palpitation
was the most prevalent symptom (66%), and 38% of patients had complicated PVC (Lown III-V). When
treating PVC with bisoprolol, 50% of patients achieved the treatment goal with a decrease in the number
of PVCs of more than 70%, accompanied by symptom relief and eradication of dangerous PVCs. After
4 weeks of treatment, bisoprolol decreased the number of PVCs, heart rate, and blood pressure while also
easing PVC-related symptoms (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Low-dose bisoprolol effectively reduces the number of PVCs in hypertensive patients
with LVH.
Recent Updates on Structural Aspects of ALK Inhibitors as an Anticancer Agent
Authors: Asati Vivek , Ayaz Md Shahid , Bhupal Ritu , Sharma Priyanka , Sahu Adarsh , Singh Parwati , Gupta Ghanshyam Das 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Presently, several protein kinases have been discovered with the aim to treat various cancers. Anaplastic
lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human
cancers known as ALCLs, NSCLC, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma, etc. The fulllength
ALK receptor is a classical receptor tyrosine kinase composed of an amino-terminal extracellular domain and an
intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Crizotinib is a strong oral small-molecule first tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK to
be used in the treatment of ALK-dependent NSCLC. Due to the drug resistance of first generation ALK inhibitors,
researchers are trying to design and synthesize novel ALK inhibitors with various heterocyclic rings in which 2,4-
diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives with a specific N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)urea moiety, 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine
derivatives, 7-azaindole and carboxamide derivatives and some others produced potential compounds. To overcome
drug resistance, to get better affinity and to reduce drug toxicity, there is an urgent need for novel ALK inhibitors.
The present review describes the ALK signaling, their inhibitors and related structure activity relationships for the
development of potential ALK inhibitors.
Application of Photo-inactive Ru(edta) Complexes in Photocatalytic Small
Molecules Transformation over Semiconductor Surface - A Perspective
Authors: Varangane Sagar , Pal Ujjwal , Chatterjee Debabrata 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Photocatalytic transformation of small substrate molecules to useful products through an environmentally benign and economically viable pathway is a challenging area of research of continual importance. This review focuses on our perception of the application of ruthenium(III) complexes comprising ‘edta’ ligand (edta4- = ethylenediaminetetraacetate) as a ‘redox mediator’ or ‘relay’ in photocatalytic electron transfer reaction pertaining to the conversion of small substrate molecules viz. hydrazine to ammonia, bicarbonate to formate, dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide. In this article, the prospect of [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]- and [RuIII(edta)(pz)]- to act as ‘redox mediator’ or ‘molecular catalysts’ in photocatalytic transformations of aforesaid small molecules are assessed systematically.
Síntesis de nanoencapsulados de quitosano como sistemas portadores de fitosanitarios
Authors: Orjuela-Palacio Juliana Marcela , Pérez-Calderón John , Zaritzky Noemí E. 
Published: January 2023

La alicina (All) es un bioactivo con actividad antimicrobiana, antioxidante y de alta efectividad en el control de insectos y el quitosano (Qs) forma nanoencapsulados al interactuar con tripolifosfato de sodio (tpp), por lo que al pensar en la síntesis de nanoencapsulados como sistemas portadores de All con efectos fitosanitarios es de interés agroindustrial. Por lo anterior, en este estudio se sintetizaron y caracterizaron nanoencapsulados de All (NQsAll) mediante la técnica de gelificación ionotrópica. La síntesis consistió en: (i) formulación de complejos All:Qs en proporción de 0,2 g de All por 1 g Qs, partiendo de una solución de Qs (1%p/v) y un fitosanitario comercial con concentración de All = 0,6 % p/v; (ii) obtención de los sistemas NQsAll partiendo de All:Qs adicionando tpp (0,06 % p/v). Se evaluaron dos relaciones en masa de TPP:Qs (5:1 y 3:1) y por medio de ftir-atr se observaron las bandas correspondientes a los grupos sulfóxidos (1119 cm-1), la vibración de estiramiento de las aminas primarias vinculadas a All (1072 cm-1), se comprobó la interacción electrostática de TPP:Qs y se determinó el diámetro medio de partícula (DM) y el potencial-Z (PZ) de los sistemas. La relación TPP:Qs influye significativamente, siendo NQsAll (5:1) la que presentó una mejor estabilidad y un menor tamaño (PZ = 0,67 mV; DM = 144,6 nm). Se evaluó el porcentaje de inhibición del radical dpph• comprobando que la nanoencapsulación preservó la capacidad antioxidante. Así, NQsAll (5:1) mostró el mejor desempeño para formular un sistema nanoportador. Estos sistemas son una buena alternativa para la conservación de All e incrementan la dispersión y la humectabilidad durante la aplicación en el cultivo.
In cihuatlahueliloc. La “mala mujer” en textos cristianos en lengua náhuatl del siglo XVI
Authors: Mancisidor Montserrat 
Published: January 2023

A partir de distintos textos en lengua náhuatl elaborados por frailes mendicantes en el siglo XVI, muchas veces con la colaboración de letrados indígenas, pueden observarse las enseñanzas en torno al comportamiento femenino inculcadas a los pueblos nativos. El artículo analiza las estrategias adoptadas por varios autores para predicar sobre las mujeres, particularmente en torno a los pecados de la vanidad y la lujuria, y cómo a la vez que reprodujeron nociones e imágenes traídas de Europa, se retomaron también elementos de las culturas indígenas, para construir una peculiar representación de lo que ellos consideraron una “mala mujer” o “cihuatlahueliloc”.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON POTASSIUM CONTENT AND ANTI-SHIGELLOSIS ACTIVITY OF KLUTUK BANANAS (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) FRUIT FLOUR
Authors: KUSUMA SRI AGUNG FITRI , RAMDHANI DANNI , SETIAFIANTI EMMANUEL MELATI 
Published: January 2023

Objective: to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the potassium content and anti-shigellosis action of klutuk banana fruit flour.
Methods: The klutuk banana fruit slices were heat-treated using a validated oven under varied parameters of 30-50 °C for 15–40 h. Based on its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and the potassium analysis, the selected condition was then applied to the processing of bananas to produce stable flour. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to quantify the potassium concentration after the MIC value was calculated using the microbroth dilution method.
Results: The best heat treat for the anti-shigellosis activity with a MIC of 3.125 mg/ml was at 50 °C for 20 h. The amount of potassium in the flour of klutuk banana fruit that had the best anti-dysentery activity was 0.3773 mg/ml or 9.76% of the total potassium content. But according to our research, the lower water content of banana flour caused by longer drying times and higher temperatures had no effect on the existence of antimicrobial metabolites.
Conclusion: The potassium gain and anti-shigellosis action of klutuk banana fruit were thus significantly impacted by heat during the flour-processing stage.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LIQUID CRYSTAL NANOPARTICLES GEL OF BINJAI LEAVES METHANOL EXTRACT (MANGIFERA CAESIA JACK. EX. WALL.) AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES
Authors: RAMADHAN HAFIZ , FORESTRYANA DYERA , JAMALUDIN WAHYUDIN BIN , PALGUNO SATRIYO KRISNA 
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aims to compare the anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity between the optimum formula of gel liquid crystal nanoparticles of Binjai leaves methanol extract and the gel of extract without the liquid crystal nanoparticles system.
Methods: Preparation of liquid crystal nanoparticles using top-down methods with 6% Capmul-GMO 90 and 5% Plantacare 818. Preparation of the optimum gel formula using 7% Viscolam Mac 10 as a gelling agent. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by cup plate technique and clindamycin was used as a positive control.
Results: The results obtained are liquid crystal nanoparticles based gel of methanol extract of Binjai leaves produces a strong category as anti-Propionibacterium acnes with an average inhibition of 15.33±1.2413 mm and the gel of extract without the liquid crystal nanoparticles system only produces 13.53±1.241 mm.
Conclusion: The gel of Binjai leaves extract with a liquid crystal nanoparticles system has a higher antibacterial effect on Propionibacterium acnes than the gel of extract without the liquid crystal nanoparticles system.
NATURAL PLANT REMEDIES FOR DEPRESSION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, UPDATE REVIEW
Authors: WILAR GOFARANA , PUTRI SRI BETHA , KUSMARA BUNGA MUSTIKAWATI , AGITA KIVA 
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 is disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus which was first discovered in Wuhan, China on the end of 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic generates many sufferers to experience symptoms of depression. Natural plant has been used for a long time for various ailments, including depression. This literature review aims to describe various types of plants and their mechanisms that can be used to help deal with symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article was compiled by conducting a literature search using the keywords “covid-19”, “depression”, and “natural products” on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library engine searching and followed the inclusion criteria, namely, the maximum literature publications from the last 10 y in English and discuss natural products that can be used to help overcome depression during the covid-19 pandemic. We found that thirteen medicinal plants are noteworthy to be considered as antidepressant drug candidates. The medicinal compounds need to be developed furthermore in the future since Covid-19 pandemic is not over yet. These plants have established the molecular mechanism to remedies depression and hopefully can be alternatives medicine to treat depression that have mild side effects compared to synthetic drugs.
CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES FROM GENUS PREMNA AND THEIR IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIALS
Authors: BELINDA ANDHARA MARSHA , FEBRIYANTI RADEN M. , MUHAIMIN  
Published: January 2023

Epidemiological data today show an increase in immune diseases; hence increasing awareness to maintain and increase the body's immunity is essential. Immunomodulators are substances that improve the human immune system by stimulating, inhibiting, or regulating components in the immune system. Plants produce secondary metabolites which provide beneficial effects on human health, including immunomodulatory properties. Natural immunomodulators can be used to minimize side effects and toxicity compared to synthetic materials because using synthetic immunomodulators may result undesirable side effects, such as pulmonary toxicity, myelosuppression, alopecia, and nephrotoxicity. Besides that, using plants as medicine is safer to use, more effective against a wide spectrum of pathogens, and relatively cheaper than synthetic medicine. Some of the medicinal plants which have immunomodulatory properties belong to the genus Premna from Lamiaceae. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and fatty acids supported the pharmacological effect of Premna sp. as immunomodulatory agent. The present work reviews some species in genus Premna, which were the subject of literature search based on major scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Science Direct, Scopus, Mendeley, and Google Scholar. This review presents a series of selected plants from genus Premna sp. including their chemical and pharmacological properties as well as immunomodulatory potential.
IMPORTANCE OF SUFFICIENT TIME POINTS FOR EFFICIENT PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) COMPARTMENTAL MODELING
Authors: NANDI TIRTHA 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Modeling and simulation are the two widely used terms, usually simultaneously mentioned in most PK discussions. There are several modeling strategies to model pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Compartmental modeling divides the body into different compartments based on the observed C-t profile and model comparison functions. Most C-t profiles are efficiently modeled using at max three compartments model (one, two, or three compartments). While there are many important applications of classical compartmental models, it emphasizes the importance of selecting the best model to explain the observed data. Therefore, initial data generation is very important. In many instances, insufficient data collection might not lead to the best model, which can be proved later costly by underpredicting or overpredicting PK parameters. This paper illustrates that adequate data collection can lead to correct model selection.
Methods: Data was generated using the three-compartmental model's explicit equation for twenty-five simulated patients with 15% random variability. Generated data were fitted to different compartmental models using sufficient time points (case a) and without enough time points (case b).
Results: In the case of a, generated data from three compartmental models was explained best by three compartmental models. In the case of b, the same data was presented better by two compartmental models. Finally, in the case of b, with sufficient time points, data generated from three compartmental models could be explained better by three compartmental models.
Conclusion: With sufficient time points, the compartmental PK model can converge to an accurate one. Although almost all pharmacometricians know the importance of time points, there is no paper with a mathematical explanation of this incident. This paper will help the current and future pharmacometricians to help design efficient in vivo works.
PATHS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN CONE, PAUL COONEY
Authors: Leal Paulo 
Published: January 2023

El estudio de la economía de países de América Latina ha sido fundamentalmente realizado por autores latinoamericanos, en muchos casos, insertos en el marco teórico neoclásico en el cual se limitan a describir el comportamiento de las variables macroeconómicas y a considerar que problemas como el desempleo, el empleo informal, la pobreza, la inequidad o, inclusive, el daño ambiental son fallas de mercado o externalidades negativas con las cuales se debe convivir, y sólo hay que procurar alguna política de asistencia hacia estos problemas. Existen también estudios que, desde la crítica de la economía política, enfatizan sus planteamientos desde una posición antiimperialista en la cual la tendencia decreciente de la tasa de ganancia es el eje rector de la argumentación.
Paths of Development in the Southern Cone representa un gran esfuerzo del autor, Paul Cooney, por superar los planteamientos anteriores; analiza, desde el materialismo histórico, el desenvolvimiento de las economías de Argentina y Brasil presentando como eje rector el desarrollo de la industria manufacturera desde la primera fase de industrialización con el modelo de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (ISI) durante los mandatos de Juan Domingo Perón y Getulio Vargas en Argentina y Brasil respectivamente. Estudia a lo largo de diez capítulos (incluyendo introducción y conclusiones) las diferentes etapas y caminos que ha seguido el desarrollo económico de estos países.