bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Ward identities for on-shell amplitudes at the conformal fixed point
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Henn Johannes , Zoia Simone 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Conformal symmetry underlies many massless quantum field theories, but little is known about the consequences of this powerful symmetry for on-shell scattering amplitudes. Working in a dimensionally-regularised ϕ3 model at the conformal fixed point, we show that the on-shell renormalised amplitudes satisfy anomalous conformal Ward identities. Each external on-shell state contributes two terms to the anomaly. The first term is proportional to the elementary field anomalous dimension, and thus involves only lower-loop information. We show that the second term can be given as the convolution of a universal collinear function and lower-order amplitudes. The computation of the conformal anomaly is therefore simpler than that of the amplitude at the same perturbative order, which gives our anomalous conformal Ward identities a strong predictive power in perturbation theory. Finally, we show that our result is also of practical importance for dimensionally-regularised amplitudes away from the conformal fixed point.
A network of hyperloops
Authors: Kong Ziwen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper we complete the exploration of connected components of the space of BPS Wilson loops in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Chern-Simons-matter theory on S3. The algorithm is to start with a supersymmetric Wilson loop, choose a preserved supercharge, and look for BPS deformations built out of the matter fields in the proper representations. Using this, we discover many new moduli spaces of nonconformal BPS Wilson loops preserving a single or two supercharges, which are subsets of the symmetries of the 1/4 and 3/8 BPS operators. Along with the those previously found in [1, 2] and [3], the total moduli spaces are closed under this formalism.
Are Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Antibodies Friends or Foes for Covid-19 Disease?
Authors: Salamony Azza , Shamikh Yara , Amer Khaled , Elnagdy Tarek , Elnakib Mostafa , Yehia Abd Allah , Hassan Wael , Abdelsalam Maha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 pandemic. A wide variation in the susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection among different population, gender and age has been observed. Multiple studies investigated the relationship between the antibody’s titre of previously vaccinated individuals and the susceptibility of coronavirus infection, to find a rapid effective therapy for this pandemic. This study focused on the association between measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) antibodies titre and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the antibody’s titre of MMR and the SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and disease severity, in a cohort of COVID-19 Egyptian patients, compared to a control group. MMR antibody titre was measured using enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay; (ELISA) for 136 COVID-19 patients and 44 healthy individuals, as control group. There were high levels of measles and mumps antibodies titer in the deteriorating cases, which could not protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the rubella antibodies might protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but once the infection occurs, it may aggravate the risk of case deterioration. MMR antibodies could be used as a guideline for COVID-19 symptom-severity and, in turn, may be considered as an economic prognostic marker used for early protection from multiple autoimmune organ failure.
Assessing the toxicity after moderately hypofractionated prostate and whole pelvis radiotherapy compared to conventional fractionation
Authors: Moll Matthias , Goldner Gregor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate acute and late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities after moderately hypofractionated (HF) or conventionally fractionated (CF) primary whole-pelvis radiotherapy (WPRT).

Methods
Primary prostate-cancer patients treated between 2009 and 2021 with either 60 Gy at 3 Gy/fraction to the prostate and 46 Gy at 2.3 Gy/fraction to the whole pelvis (HF), or 78 Gy at 2 Gy/fraction to the prostate and 50/50.4 Gy at 1.8–2 Gy/fraction to the whole pelvis (CF). Acute and late GI and GU toxicities were retrospectively assessed.

Results
106 patients received HF and 157 received CF, with a median follow-up of 12 and 57 months. Acute GI toxicity rates in the HF and CF groups were, respectively, grade 2: 46.7% vs. 37.6%, and grade 3: 0% vs. 1.3%, with no significant difference (p = 0.71). Acute GU toxicity rates were, respectively, grade 2: 20.0% vs. 31.8%, and grade 3: 2.9% vs. 0%, (p = 0.04). We compared prevalence of late GI and GU toxicities between groups after 3, 12, and 24 months and did not find any significant differences (respectively, p = 0.59, 0.22, and 0.71 for GI toxicity; p = 0.39, 0.58, and 0.90 for GU toxicity).

Conclusion
Moderate HF WPRT was well tolerated during the first 2 years. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
ChatGPT: deconstructing the debate and moving it forward
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark , Gunkel David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLarge language models such as ChatGPT enable users to automatically produce text but also raise ethical concerns, for example about authorship and deception. This paper analyses and discusses some key philosophical assumptions in these debates, in particular assumptions about authorship and language and—our focus—the use of the appearance/reality distinction. We show that there are alternative views of what goes on with ChatGPT that do not rely on this distinction. For this purpose, we deploy the two phased approach of deconstruction and relate our finds to questions regarding authorship and language in the humanities. We also identify and respond to two common counter-objections in order to show the ethical appeal and practical use of our proposal.
Collapse-resistance optimization of fabricated single-layer grid shell based on sequential approximate optimization
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Kanno Yoshihiro , Feng Ruoqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, the surrogate model of the collapse load in terms of the structural morphology is established based on the radial basis function (RBF) network, and the form-finding optimization of the fabricated single-layer grid shell aiming at the improvement of collapse-resistance capacity is realized. To improve the accuracy of the optimal solution, the density function is used to determine the sparse region in the design domain and add new sample points in the sparse region. Avoiding that the optimization is trapped in a poor local optimum, the starting point is updated to approach the global optimum. Three types of fabricated single-layer grid shells, including cylindrical surface, free-form surface with symmetric supports, and free-form surface with asymmetric supports, are selected for form-finding optimization. The results prove the efficiency of the optimization algorithm. The proposed optimization method considers the mechanical properties of assemble joints and reflects the mechanical characteristics of the actual structure. It can be used for form-finding optimization and shape selection in structural design and thus has engineering significance.
Trends in the two-component system’s role in the synthesis of antibiotics by Streptomyces
Authors: Cruz-Bautista Rodrigo , Ruíz-Villafán Beatriz , Romero-Rodríguez Alba , Rodríguez-Sanoja Romina , Sánchez Sergio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite the advances in understanding the regulatory networks for secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces, the participation of the two-component systems (TCS) in this process still requires better characterization. These sensing systems and their responses to environmental stimuli have been described by evaluating mutant strains with techniques that allow in-depth regulatory responses. However, defining the stimulus that triggers their activation is still a task. The transmembrane nature of the sensor kinases and the high content of GC in the streptomycetes represent significant challenges in their study. In some examples, adding elements to the assay medium has determined the respective ligand. However, a complete TCS description and characterization requires specific amounts of the involved proteins that are most difficult to obtain. The availability of enough sensor histidine kinase concentrations could facilitate the identification of the ligand–protein interaction, and besides would allow the establishment of its phosphorylation mechanisms and determine their tridimensional structure. Similarly, the advances in the development of bioinformatics tools and novel experimental techniques also promise to accelerate the TCSs description and provide knowledge on their participation in the regulation processes of secondary metabolite formation. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the study of TCSs involved in antibiotic biosynthesis and to discuss alternatives to continue their characterization.

Key points
• TCSs are the environmental signal transducers more abundant in nature.
• The Streptomyces have some of the highest number of TCSs found in bacteria.
• The study of signal transduction between SHKs and RRs domains is a big challenge.
Stem Cell Enriched Fat Grafts versus Autologous Fat Grafts in Reconstructive Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karam Mohammad , Abul Ahmad , Rahman Shafiq 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare the outcomes of stem cell-enrichment fat grafting (SCEFG) versus autologous fat grafting (AFG) for reconstructive purposes.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed as per the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Guidelines and a search of electronic information was conducted to identify all Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), case-control studies and cohort studies comparing the outcomes of SCEFG versus AFG. Volume retention, fat necrosis, cancer recurrence, redness and swelling, infection, and cysts were primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures included patient satisfaction post-surgery, scar assessment, operation time and number of fat grafting sessions. Fixed and random effects modelling were used for the analysis.

Results
16 studies enrolling 686 subjects were selected. Significant differences between the SCEFG and AFG groups were seen in mean volume retention (standardised mean difference = 3.00, P < 0.0001) and the incidence of redness and swelling (Odds Ratio [OR] = 441, P = 0.003). No significant difference between the two groups in terms of fat necrosis (OR = 2.23, P = 0.26), cancer recurrence (OR = 1.39, P = 0.58), infection (OR = 0.30, P = 0.48) and cysts (OR = 0.88, P = 0.91). For secondary outcomes, both cohorts had similar results in patient satisfaction, scar assessment and number of fat grafting sessions. Operation time was longer for the intervention group.

Conclusions
SCEFG offers better outcomes when compared to AFG for reconstructive surgery as it improves the mean volume retention and does not worsen patient satisfaction and surgical complications except for self-limiting redness and swelling. Further clinical trials are recommended to support this argument and validate the use of SCEFG in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life—A Narrative Review
Authors: Abbas Alizeh , Laverde Ruth , Yap Ava , Stephens Caroline Q. , Samad Lubna , Seyi‐Olajide Justina O. , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Ozgediz Doruk , Lakhoo Kokila , Bickler Stephen W. , Meara John G. , Bundy Donald , Jamison Dean T. , Klazura Greg , Sykes Alicia , Philipo Godfrey Sama ,   GICS
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany potentially treatable non‐congenital and non‐traumatic surgical conditions can occur during the first 8000 days of life and an estimated 85% of children in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) will develop one before 15 years old. This review summarizes the common routine surgical emergencies in children from LMICs and their effects on morbidity and mortality.MethodsA narrative review was undertaken to assess the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of common surgical emergencies that present within the first 8000 days (or 21.9 years) of life in LMICs. Available data on pediatric surgical emergency care in LMICs were aggregated.ResultsOutside of trauma, acute appendicitis, ileal perforation secondary to typhoid fever, and intestinal obstruction from intussusception and hernias continue to be the most common abdominal emergencies among children in LMICs. Musculoskeletal infections also contribute significantly to the surgical burden in children. These “neglected” conditions disproportionally affect children in LMICs and are due to delays in seeking care leading to late presentation and preventable complications. Pediatric surgical emergencies also necessitate heavy resource utilization in LMICs, where healthcare systems are already under strain.ConclusionsDelays in care and resource limitations in LMIC healthcare systems are key contributors to the complicated and emergent presentation of pediatric surgical disease. Timely access to surgery can not only prevent long‐term impairments but also preserve the impact of public health interventions and decrease costs in the overall healthcare system.
Tau seeding and spreading in vivo is supported by both AD-derived fibrillar and oligomeric tau
Authors: Mate De Gerando Anastasie , Welikovitch Lindsay A. , Khasnavis Anita , Commins Caitlin , Glynn Calina , Chun Joshua E. , Perbet Romain , Hyman Bradley T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsoluble fibrillar tau, the primary constituent of neurofibrillary tangles, has traditionally been thought to be the biologically active, toxic form of tau mediating neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. More recent studies have implicated soluble oligomeric tau species, referred to as high molecular weight (HMW), due to their properties on size-exclusion chromatography, in tau propagation across neural systems. These two forms of tau have never been directly compared. We prepared sarkosyl-insoluble and HMW tau from the frontal cortex of Alzheimer patients and compared their properties using a variety of biophysical and bioactivity assays. Sarkosyl-insoluble fibrillar tau comprises abundant paired-helical filaments (PHF) as quantified by electron microscopy (EM) and is more resistant to proteinase K, compared to HMW tau, which is mostly in an oligomeric form. Sarkosyl-insoluble and HMW tau are nearly equivalent in potency in HEK cell bioactivity assay for seeding aggregates, and their injection reveals similar local uptake into hippocampal neurons in PS19 Tau transgenic mice. However, the HMW preparation appears to be far more potent in inducing a glial response including Clec7a-positive rod microglia in the absence of neurodegeneration or synapse loss and promotes more rapid propagation of misfolded tau to distal, anatomically connected regions, such as entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. These data suggest that soluble HMW tau has similar properties to fibrillar sarkosyl-insoluble tau with regard to tau seeding potential, but may be equal or even more bioactive with respect to propagation across neural systems and activation of glial responses, both relevant to tau-related Alzheimer phenotypes.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of intratympanic OTO-313 in patients with moderate to severe subjective tinnitus
Authors: Searchfield Grant D. , Robinson James M. , Skarinsky David , Wang Yiwei , Anderson Jeffery J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratympanic OTO-313 in patients with subjective unilateral tinnitus.

Methods
Patients with moderate to severe unilateral tinnitus of 2–12 months duration were enrolled. A single intratympanic injection of OTO-313 or placebo was administered to the affected ear and patients were evaluated during a 16-weeks follow-up period. Efficacy was assessed using the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), daily ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC).

Results
Intratympanic administration of OTO-313 and placebo produced reductions in tinnitus with a similar percentage of TFI responders at Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. Reductions in daily ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance, and PGIC scores were also similar between OTO-313 and placebo groups. No significant differences in mean TFI scores between OTO-313 and placebo were observed for pre-specified strata regarding tinnitus duration (≥ 2 to ≤ 6 months and > 6 to ≤ 12 months) and TFI baseline scores (≥ 32 to ≤ 53 points and ≥ 54 to 100 points), although the results numerically favored OTO-313 in patients in the ≥ 2 to ≤ 6 months strata. These results also demonstrated an unexpectedly high placebo response particularly amongst patients with chronic tinnitus, despite training implemented to mitigate placebo response. OTO-313 was well-tolerated with a similar incidence of adverse events compared to placebo.

Conclusions
OTO-313 did not demonstrate a significant treatment benefit relative to placebo due in part to a high placebo response. OTO-313 was safe and well-tolerated.
Computational fluid dynamics calculations in inferior turbinate surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Ormiskangas Jaakko , Valtonen Olli , Harju Teemu , Rautiainen Markus , Kivekäs Ilkka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate how the results of nasal computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations change due to inferior turbinate surgery and how the results correlate with patient specific subjective assessment and volumetric results in the nasal cavities.

Methods
The steady inspiratory airflow of 25 patients was studied pre- and postoperatively with heat transfer from the mucous membrane by performing CFD calculations to patient-specific nasal cone beam computed tomography images. These results were then compared to the severity of the patients’ nasal obstruction Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Glasgow Health Status Inventory assessments, and acoustic rhinometry measurements.

Results
Total wall shear forces decreased statistically significantly (p < 0.01) in the operated parts of the inferior turbinates. Patients’ subjective nasal obstruction VAS assessment changes between the pre- and postoperative conditions correlated statistically significantly (p = 0.04) with the wall shear force results.

Conclusion
Inferior turbinate surgery lead to decreased total wall shear force values postoperatively. Changes in subjective nasal obstruction VAS results against total wall shear force changes between the pre- and postoperative conditions were statistically significant. CFD data have a potential to be used for the evaluation of nasal airflow.
A cost–benefit analysis for use of large SNP panels and high throughput typing for forensic investigative genetic genealogy
Authors: Budowle Bruce , Arnette Andrew , Sajantila Antti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS), also known as massively sequencing, enables large dense SNP panel analyses which generate the genetic component of forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG). While the costs of implementing large SNP panel analyses into the laboratory system may seem high and daunting, the benefits of the technology may more than justify the investment. To determine if an infrastructural investment in public laboratories and using large SNP panel analyses would reap substantial benefits to society, a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) was performed. This CBA applied the logic that an increase of DNA profile uploads to a DNA database due to a sheer increase in number of markers and a greater sensitivity of detection afforded with NGS and a higher hit/association rate due to large SNP/kinship resolution and genealogy will increase investigative leads, will be more effective for identifying recidivists which in turn reduces future victims of crime, and will bring greater safety and security to communities. Analyses were performed for worst case/best case scenarios as well as by simulation sampling the range spaces with multiple input values simultaneously to generate best estimate summary statistics. This study shows that the benefits, both tangible and intangible, over the lifetime of an advanced database system would be huge and can be projected to be for less than $1 billion per year (over a 10-year period) investment can reap on average > $4.8 billion in tangible and intangible cost-benefits per year. More importantly, on average > 50,000 individuals need not become victims if FIGG were employed, assuming investigative associations generated were acted upon. The benefit to society is immense making the laboratory investment a nominal cost. The benefits likely are underestimated herein. There is latitude in the estimated costs, and even if they were doubled or tripled, there would still be substantial benefits gained with a FIGG-based approach. While the data used in this CBA are US centric (primarily because data were readily accessible), the model is generalizable and could be used by other jurisdictions to perform relevant and representative CBAs.
Effect of segmental versus marginal mandibular resection on local and lymph node recurrences in oral squamous cell carcinoma: is tumorous bone infiltration or location and resulting soft tissue recurrences a long-term problem?
Authors: Ritschl Lucas M. , Niu Minli , Sackerer Valeriya , Claßen Carolina , Stimmer Herbert , Fichter Andreas M. , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Grill Florian D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) adjacent to the mandible or with clinically suspected bone infiltration are surgically treated either with marginal or segmental resections. This retrospective study compared both resections regarding local recurrence and lymph node recurrence or secondary lymph node metastases.

Methods
All consecutive primary OSCC cases between January 2007 and December 2015 that underwent mandibular marginal or segmental resection were included. Rates of local and lymph node recurrences or secondary metastases and possible risk factors such as tumor localization according to Urken’s classification were recorded.

Results
In total, 180 patients with 85 marginal (group I) and 95 segmental (group II) mandibular resections were analyzed. The local recurrence rates were comparable between the groups (28.2% vs. 27.4%; p = 0.897). Lymph node recurrences or secondary metastases were higher in group I (9.4% (n = 8) vs. 6.2% (n = 6); p = 0.001). Tumor localization appears to affect the outcomes. Significantly fewer local and lymph node recurrences/metastases were found for Urken’s classification SB and S calculated by two-proportion z-test (p = 0.014 and 0.056, respectively). Local recurrences mostly emerged from soft tissues, which should be resected more radically than the bones.

Conclusion
While bone infiltration appears technically well controllable from an oncologic point of view, local recurrences and lymph node recurrences/metastases remain an issue. Regular clinical aftercare with imaging is crucial to detect recurrences.