bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Chinese medicine: saponins, critical micellar concentrations and partition coefficients
Authors: Barthel Cédric , Massiot Georges , Lavaud Catherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) revolves around complex mixtures bound to specific roles within the formulation, among which saponin‐containing plants with alleged properties of harmonising or detoxifying other compounds present in the preparations.ObjectiveThis article deals with the study of these interactions with, as a model, the interaction between saponins and selected active principles.MethodsThe measurement of the partition coefficient between water and octanol (logP) was used as an indicator and determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for these active principles in the presence of saponins. For each compound, a graph was constructed showing the evolution of logP with increasing concentrations of saponins.ResultsFour distinct patterns of interactions were distinguished. Pattern A showed a constant decrease of logP, pattern B showed a decrease followed by a plateau, in pattern C the logP did not vary until the critical micellar concentration (CMC) and decreased afterwards, and pattern D exhibited an increase of logP. These properties were linked to the ability of saponins to form micelles in water once the CMC is reached. The interaction of aconitine and saponins followed pattern D, thus explaining the detoxification of herbal preparations using Aconitum with licorice. The licorice facilitated the extraction of the notoriously water‐insoluble artemisinin from Artemisia annua.ConclusionThis investigation confirms that the physical properties of micelle forming saponins are intimately linked to a modification of behaviour of the other molecules in solution, as seen with the alteration of logP and the four types of interactions presented.
A Minimal b Ghost
Authors: Cederwall Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe b ghost, or b operator, used for fixing Siegel gauge in the pure spinor superfield formalism, is a composite operator of negative ghost number, satisfying , where q is the pure spinor differential (BRST operator). It is traditionally constructed using non‐minimal variables. However, since all cohomology has minimal representatives, it seems likely that there should be versions of physically meaningful operators, also with negative ghost number, using only minimal variables. The purpose of this letter is to demonstrate that this statement holds by providing a concrete construction in super‐Yang–Mills theory, and to argue that it is a general feature in the pure spinor superfield formalism.
Significance of extraprostatic extension by Grade Groups 1–3 prostatic carcinoma on needle biopsy
Authors: Zhao Jianping , Epstein Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is rare for extraprostatic extension (EPE) on biopsy to be seen with Grade Groups (GG) 1–3 (Gleason scores 3 + 3 = 6; 3 + 4 = 7; 4 + 3 = 7) prostatic adenocarcinoma, and there is no data whether this finding should be a contraindication for performing radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsThirty eight cases with GG 1–3 prostatic adenocarcinoma as the highest grade in the case with EPE on biopsy were identified from our consultation files. Highly unfavorable findings at RP were those that if they could have been predicted preoperatively, might have factored into the decision of whether to proceed with surgery. For these purposes, highly unfavorable pathology at RP was defined as either the presence of seminal vesicle invasion or lymph node metastases or GG5 (Gleason score 9–10).ResultsAmong 37 patients with clinical follow‐up data, 18 (49%) received radiation and/or hormonal therapy (RT/HT), 13 patients (35%) either underwent (n = 11) or are planning (n = 2) RP, and 6 patients (16%) received either ablation therapy or active surveillance. Based on the 11 RP pathology reports, 8 were GG2, one GG3 with tertiary pattern 5, and two GG3. Ten cases were reported to have EPE and six cases had positive margins. Only one had highly unfavorable pathology with pT3bN1 disease. The only difference between the RP and the RT/HT groups in their pretreatment parameters was the mean age of the RP patients was 61 compared with 69 for the RT/HT men (p = 0.02); the lack of many cases with highly unfavorable pathology at RP cannot be attributable to a selection bias of men with lower volume cancer on biopsy or lower serum prostate‐specific antigen levels choosing RP over RT/HT.ConclusionsDespite EPE on biopsy, most men do not have highly unfavorable pathology at RP, and this treatment should remain an option in this setting.
Successful baricitinib treatment of refractory anti‐synthetase syndrome associated with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Saito Mikako , Ando Masahiro , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 47‐year‐old Japanese man was admitted with dyspnoea on exertion (DOE), skin rash and myalgia. Clinical findings of Gottron's sign and mechanic's hands were observed, with increased serum levels of Krebs von den Lungen‐6, surfactant protein‐D, creatine kinase, and anti‐EJ on laboratory tests. In both lungs, chest computed tomography revealed diffuse reticular opacities and lower lobe predominance. The patient was diagnosed with anti‐synthetase syndrome (ASS) and associated interstitial lung disease. Despite repeated administration of high‐dose intravenous corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and immunoglobulin, his skin rash, myalgia, and DOE followed a relapsing and remitting course. He was then given rituximab therapy. This was initially successful, but disease activity increased approximately 12 months after starting rituximab therapy. Finally, in addition to prednisolone and cyclosporine A, we administered baricitinib. There has been no relapse of the disease in the 12 months since he began baricitinib treatment.
Optimization of Porous Phosphorylated Chestnut Starch Synthesis by Response Surface Methodology and Characterization of its Properties
Authors: Wang Shuo , Hu Na , Tang Erjun , Yang Shenglan , Liu Xinying , Jewell Linda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPorous phosphorylated chestnut starch (P‐PCS) is prepared by enzymic hydrolysis of chestnut starch (CS) and phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation conditions are optimized by response surface design. The optimum reaction conditions are a compound phosphate (CP)/porous chestnut starch (P‐CS) mass ratio of 2:1, reaction temperature of 146 °C, and reaction time of 159 min. The degree of phosphate substitution of P‐PCS is 0.197. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrate that phosphate groups are esterified with ‐OH groups on P‐CS. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the starch crystal form changes after both enzymatic hydrolysis and phosphorylation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the surface of P‐CS is no longer as smooth as CS, but has different degrees of depressions and holes and P‐PCS grains are fractured and cracked. P‐PCS has much better light transmittance (26.4% vs. 2.6%) and Pb(II) adsorption performance (124.2 vs. 17.5 mg g−1) than CS, thereby providing a potential new application for chestnut starch as a natural polymer adsorbent for use in wastewater treatment.
Long noncoding RNA CASC9 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by acting as a ceRNA of miR‐497‐5p to upregulate expression of CCND1
Authors: Zhou Jia , Song Guodong , Su Mingqi , Zhang Hui , Yang Tingsong , Song Zhenshun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Accumulating studies have showed that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is a crucial regulator in various tumorigenesis and progression including PC. This research aims to explore the roles and molecular mechanism of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in PC.MethodsThe expression levels of lncRNA CASC9 and miR‐497‐5p were evaluated in PC tissues and paired adjacent healthy tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR. PC cell lines were transfected with lentivirus targeting lncRNA CASC9, and cells proliferation, migration and invasion tests were conducted. Dual luciferase reporter assays were also carried out to explore the relationship between lncRNA CASC9, miR‐497‐5p and Cyclin D1 (CCND1).ResultsLncRNA CASC9 was significantly up‐regulated in PC tissues, while miR‐497‐5p expression was down‐regulated. Down‐regulation of lncRNA CASC9 in PC cells can significantly suppress the cell aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo; moreover, knock‐down of miR‐497‐5p could neutralize this impact. Additionally, the luciferase activity assay has assured that CCND1 was a downstream target of miR‐497‐5p.ConclusionLncRNA CASC9 can promote the PC progression by modulating miR‐497‐5p/CCND1 axis, which is potential target for PC treatment.
Introduction
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe chapter introduces the meaning of Phase Field from the aspect of thermodynamics on the one hand and numerics of moving boundary solutions on the other hand. A moving boundary solution here means the evolution, motion, of grain boundaries, phase boundaries or surfaces in multicrystalline materials as described by a set of partial differential equations. The thermodynamic aspect relates to the concept of an order parameter, identifying a phase, in thermodynamics in general. Here the interfaces, grain- or phase boundaries and surfaces, are described by a gradient contribution in the free energy functional, the gradient of the phase field when the order changes between different grains. The history of both approaches is reviewed shortly considering their pros and cons.
Temperature
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter the coupling of the phase field to a second, external field is discussed for the case of non-isothermal systems. A thermodynamic consistent derivation of the set of equations for the phase-field and temperature field is presented, starting from an entropy functional. In the second part of the chapter the systematic error, which arises in a phase-field model at the mesoscopic scale, is discussed. Finally, the so-called thin interface limit is presented, which is an elegant remedy of this systematic error by an asymptotic matching condition. The example in this section relates to solidification under additive manufacturing conditions.
Multi-Phase-Field Approach
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter the extension of a phase-field model for two phases to multiple phases is presented. This relates to the treatment of triple lines and junctions between several phases, or grains in a multicrystalline structure. The conservation constraint of the sum of all fields in one material point is realized using a Lagrange formalism. The free energy functional is expanded in pairs of phases, as well as the equation of motion of individual phase fields in dependence on all other fields. As example coarsening and texture evolution in a multi grain structure with anisotropic interface energy is presented.
Tutorial 1: OpenPhase
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOpenPhase is a robust open-source microstructure simulation software project targeted at the phase-field simulations of complex scientific problems involving structural transformation and phase change in systems undergoing first-order phase transformation. The multi-physics models that are contained in the phase-field approach allow for the simulation of a wide variety of material processes, including but not limited to solidification, heat treatment, mechanical testing, and many more. This chapter gives an introduction to OpenPhase, the open software library for microstructure simulation. After providing a concise overview of the main features of the library, the next section will walk you through the process of installing and compiling the software library. Finally, it describes the format of the simulation input file as well as how to comprehend and make use of each input parameter.
Towards a sub-percent precision measurement of sin2 θ13 with reactor antineutrinos
Authors: Zhang Jinnan , Cao Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Measuring the neutrino mixing parameter sin2θ13 to the sub-percent precision level could be necessary in the next ten years for the precision unitary test of the PMNS matrix. In this work, we discuss the possibility of such a measurement with reactor antineutrinos. We find that a single liquid scintillator detector on a reasonable scale could achieve the goal. We propose to install a detector of ∼ 10% energy resolution at about 2.0 km from the reactors with a JUNO-like overburden. The integrated luminosity requirement is about 150 kton · GW · year, corresponding to 4 years’ operation of a 4 kton detector near a reactor complex of 9.2 GW thermal power like Taishan reactor. Unlike the previous θ13 experiments with identical near and far detectors, which can suppress the systematics especially the rate uncertainty by the near-far relative measurement and the optimal baseline is at the first oscillation maximum of about 1.8 km, a single-detector measurement prefers to offset the baseline from the oscillation maximum. At low statistics ≲ 10 kton · GW · year, the rate uncertainty dominates the systematics, and the optimal baseline is about 1.3 km. At higher statistics, the spectral shape uncertainty becomes dominant, and the optimal baseline shifts to about 2.0 km. The optimal baseline keeps being ∼ 2.0 km for an integrated luminosity up to 106 kton · GW · year. Impacts of other factors on the precision sin2θ13 measurement are also discussed. We have assumed that the TAO experiment will improve our understanding of the spectral shape uncertainty, which gives the highest precision measurement of reactor antineutrino spectrum for neutrino energy in the range of 3–6 MeV. We find that the optimal baseline is ∼ 2.9 km with a flat input spectral shape uncertainty provided by the future summation or conversion methods’ prediction. The shape uncertainty would be the bottleneck of the sin2θ13 precision measurement. The sin2θ13 precision is not sensitive to the detector energy resolution and the precision of other oscillation parameters.
Transverse momentum resummation at N3LL+NNLO for diboson processes
Authors: Campbell John M. , Ellis R. Keith , Neumann Tobias , Seth Satyajit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diboson processes are one of the most accessible and stringent probes of the electroweak gauge structure of the Standard Model at the LHC. They will be probed at the percent level at the high-luminosity LHC, challenging current theory predictions. We present transverse momentum resummed calculations at N3LL+NNLO for the processes ZZ, WZ, WH and ZH, compare our predictions with most recent LHC data and present predictions at 13.6 TeV including theory uncertainty estimates. For W+W− production we further present jet-veto resummed results at N3LLp+NNLO. Our calculations will be made publicly available in the upcoming MCFM release and allow future analyses to take advantage of improved predictions.
Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld
Authors: Yadav Gopal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a model based on wedge holography that can describe the multiverse. In wedge holography, we consider two gravitating baths, one of which has strong gravity and the other one has weak gravity. To describe a multiverse, we consider 2n Karch-Randall branes, and we propose that various d-dimensional universes are localized on these branes. These branes are embedded in (d + 1)-dimensional spacetime. The model is useful in obtaining the Page curve of black holes with multiple horizons and in the resolution of the “grandfather paradox”. We explicitly obtain the Page curves of eternal AdS black holes for n = 2 multiverse and Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole with two horizons.
Hartle-Hawking wavefunction in double scaled SYK
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We compute the transition amplitude between the chord number 0 and ℓ states in the double scaled SYK model and interpret it as a Hartle-Hawking wavefunction of the bulk gravitational theory. We observe that the so-called un-crossed matter correlators of double scaled SYK model are obtained by gluing the Hartle-Hawking wavefunctions with an appropriate weight.
Molecular characterization of two new alternaviruses identified in members of the fungal family Nectriaceae
Authors: Pielhop Tom P. , Popp Carolin , Fricke Sebastian , Knierim Dennis , Margaria Paolo , Maiß Edgar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the first report in 2009, at least ten additional viruses have been identified and assigned to the proposed virus family Alternaviridae. Here we report two new mycoviruses tentatively assigned to this family, both identified as members of the fungal family Nectriaceae, which were isolated from surface-disinfected apple roots (Malus x domestica, Borkh.) affected by apple replant disease (ARD). ARD is a highly complex, worldwide-occurring disease resulting from plant reactions to a disturbed (micro)-biome and leads to high economic losses every year. The first alternavirus characterized in this study was identified in a Dactylonectria torresensis isolate. The virus was tentatively named dactylonectria torresensis alternavirus 1 (DtAV1) as the first member of the proposed new species Alternavirus dactylonectriae. The second virus was identified in an isolate of Ilyonectria robusta and was tentatively named ilyonectria robusta alternavirus 1 (IrAV1) as the first member of the proposed new species Alternavirus ilyonectriae. Full genomic sequences of the viruses were determined and are presented. Further, we found hints for putative components of a methyl transferase machinery using in silico approaches. This putative protein domain is encoded by segment 2. However, this result only establishes the basis for subsequent studies in which the function must be confirmed experimentally in vitro. Thus, this is the first study where a function is predicted to all three genomic segments within the group of the alternaviruses. These findings provide further insights into the virome of ARD-associated fungi and are therefore another brick in the wall of understanding the complexity of the disease.
ECHA ARN documents: chemical grouping without a toxicological rationale
Authors: Natsch Andreas , Adamsson Greg , Rocha Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe EU chemical strategy for sustainability (CSS) plans to use chemical grouping to “prioritise (…) substances for restrictions for all uses through grouping, instead of regulating them one by one”. Thus, toxicological grouping will become a key tool used by regulatory authorities in Europe. Over the last 2 years, ECHA has published a high number of documents labelled “Assessment of Regulatory Needs (ARN)” which are based on groups of chemicals based on structural considerations. The ARN documents are legally non-binding, yet they present the public impression of a conclusion about restrictions for groups or sub-groups of chemicals and hence may set a precedent for further binding actions. ECHA has set out definitions on what is considered a group in REACH Annex XI. However, as shown in this commentary based on five examples, the ARN do not follow these principles and propose toxicological groupings without taking into consideration mode of action and the toxicological information on the chemicals. Given the emphasis on grouping projected by the CSS, the groupings in the ARN set an unfortunate precedent on what a toxicological group means and they do not follow clear scientific standards or established toxicological principles. They also lead to a public image of guilt by association for chemicals, without any recourse for registrants to establish the scientific basis for their safe use, as presented within REACH registrations.
Curcumin protects against doxorubicin induced oxidative stress by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE and autophagy signaling pathways
Authors: Liao Dehua , Shangguan Danggang , Wu Yi , Chen Yun , Liu Ni , Tang Jingyi , Yao Dunwu , Shi Yingrui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced neurotoxicity is widely reported in previous studies. Oxidative stress has been validated as a critical event involved in DOX-induced neurotoxicity. As a selective autophagy adaptor protein, p62 is reported to regulate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway in response to oxidative stress. Curcumin (CUR) relieves depressive-like state through the mitigation of oxidative stress and the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. However, the exact mechanism of CUR in alleviating DOX-induced neurotoxicity is still unknown.

Materials and methods
The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, DOX group, and DOX + CUR group. At the end of 3 weeks, the behavior tests as sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) were performed to assess anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The rats were sacrificed after behavior tests, and the brain tissues were collected for biochemical analysis.

Results
It was observed that the administration of CUR could effectively reverse DOX-induced depressive-like behaviors. The exposure of DOX activated autophagy and increased oxidative stress levels, and the administration of CUR could significantly inhibit DOX-induced autophagy and suppress oxidative stress. More importantly, we also found that Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway was involved in DOX-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress regulated by autophagy.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that CUR could effectively reverse DOX-induced neurotoxicity through suppressing autophagy and mitigating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
Hip Labral Morphological Changes in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Speed Up the Onset of Early Osteoarthritis
Authors: Battistelli Michela , Tassinari Enrico , Trisolino Giovanni , Govoni Marco , Ruspaggiari Gianluca , De Franceschi Lucia , Dallari Dante , Burini Debora , Ramonda Roberta , Favero Marta , Traina Francesco , Grigolo Brunella , Olivotto Eleonora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, evidence has mounted for a prominent etiologic role of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the development of early hip osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to compare the ultrastructure and tissue composition of the hip labrum in healthy and pathological conditions, as FAI and OA, to provide understanding of structural changes which might be helpful in the future to design targeted therapies and improve treatment indications. We analyzed labral tissue samples from five healthy multi-organ donors (MCDs) (median age, 38 years), five FAI patients (median age, 37 years) and five late-stage OA patients undergoing total hip replacement (median age, 56 years). We evaluated morpho-functional by histology and transmission electron microscopy. Extracellular matrix (ECM) structure changes were similar in specimens from FAI compared to those from patients with OA (more severe in the latter) showing disorganization of collagen fibers and increased proteoglycan content. In FAI and in OA nuclei the chromatin was condensed, organelle degenerated and cytoplasm vacuolized. Areas of calcification were mainly observed in FAI and OA labrum, as well as apoptotic-like features. We showed that labral tissue of patients with FAI had similar pathological alterations of tissue obtained from OA patients, suggesting that FAI patients might have high susceptibility to develop OA.