bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ageing among Black and non‐Hispanic White older adults: A community‐based system dynamics approach to examining quality of life
Authors: Trani Jean‐Francois , Giesecke Megan , Hovmand Peter , Miller Nicholas , Cartmill Mary Kate , Mandujano Acevedo Nicandro , Lee Sandra , Liem William , Gillani Braveheart , Babulal Ganesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOlder adults are living longer in the United States and the proportion of those belonging to minoritized groups is growing. The value and characteristics of quality of life (QoL) at an older age have becoming of central concern to policy makers. To investigate the wicked problem of ageing and QoL, we conducted and compared two group model building workshops in St. Louis City, one with 16 White and another with 10 Black American older adults, age 65 and older. Group model building workshops involve communities in the identification and testing of shared solutions to pressing and complex problems. Findings demonstrated that racial disparities in terms of material and environmental resources represent significant barriers to QoL for both Black and White participants. Results underscore the need to address social determinants of health that impede healthy ageing and damage well‐being and QoL of older adults.
Ultimate and fatigue limit states of existing steel railway bridges – LRFD with historical steel products and connection types
Authors: Kroyer Robert M. , Taras Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe assessment of the load‐bearing capacity and fatigue strength of existing railway bridges has been playing an increasingly important role in the infrastructure management of railway operators for several years now. Currently, many bridge structures have been in operation longer than it was foreseen during their planning and construction. In addition, the axle loads on many lines, as well as the demands on the reliability of the verification results, have steadily increased. As the material properties and construction techniques in existing structures differ to some extent from nowadays structures, e.g., riveting instead of welding, it is important to provide engineers and operators with recommendations for the assessment of existing steel bridges. This article summarises the studies conducted as part of a research project initiated by Deutsche Bahn Netz AG for possible updates to DB RiL 805, which is used for the verification of railway bridges in the Deutsche Bahn (DB) network. The studies concerned the transition of verification concepts against static and fatigue loads used in the past to limit state verifications with partial safety factors in accordance with the Eurocodes. While initially related to an upgrade of a specific operator's design recommendation, the findings in this article are of more general nature and could form the basis for similar developments of recommendations for the assessment of existing, riveted structures independently throughout Europe.
Can southern Australian rainfall decline be explained? A review of possible drivers
Authors: McKay Roseanna C. , Boschat Ghyslaine , Rudeva Irina , Pepler Acacia , Purich Ariaan , Dowdy Andrew , Hope Pandora , Gillett Zoe E. , Rauniyar Surendra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSouthern Australia's rainfall is highly variable and influenced by factors across scales from synoptic weather to large‐scale circulation and remote climate modes of variability. Anthropogenic climate change and natural variability modulate these factors and their interactions. However, studies often focus on changes in selected parts of the climate system with less emphasis on the system as a whole. As such, it is difficult to gain a complete understanding of how southern Australia's rainfall responds to broad‐scale changes in the climate system. We step through the existing literature on long‐term changes in synoptic‐to‐large‐scale atmospheric circulation and drivers of climate variability to form a more complete story of rainfall changes across southern Australia. This process reveals that the most robust change is the observed winter decline in rainfall as it is consistent with several changing climatic factors: decreasing rainfall from weather systems, strengthening subtropical ridge, poleward shifts in the Hadley Cell and the Southern Annular Mode, and increasing frequency of positive Indian Ocean Dipole events. In other seasons, particularly summer, changes in atmospheric circulation and drivers may not agree with observed rainfall changes, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of atmospheric dynamics and climate change processes. Future work should focus on research across temporal‐ and spatial‐scales, better understanding of jet interactions, the influence of stratospheric processes on the troposphere, and instances of contrasting trends in drivers and southern Australian rainfall changes.This article is categorized under:
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Detection and Attribution
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Observed Impacts of Climate Change
Numerical simulation of MHD two‐dimensional flow incorporated with joule heating and nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Hussain Farooq , Nazeer Mubbashar , Mengal Abdullah , Hussain Asif , Shah Syed Ali Raza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current investigation presents a numerical simulation of boundary layer flow with heat transfer. The study primarily emphasizes heat generation due to the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation. Moreover, the simultaneous effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation have been incorporated for the thermal enhancement of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the convective boundary layer flow over a flat plate. Dimensional analysis is brought into use to determine the hydro and thermal boundary layer thickness for the two‐dimensional flow. Subsequently, the application of the suitable similarity transformation yields a nonlinear coupled flow problem with is solved numerically with the help of the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) method incorporated with the Shooting technique. Moreover, this theoretical study highlights the immense mechanical and aeronautical applications of thermal radiation. In view of computational findings and simulating results, linear and nonlinear thermal radiation effects can also be investigated on fluids passing through a cylinder and channels. Finally, computational data tabulated against some pertinent parameters and parametric study reveal that non‐linear thermal radiation is more effective for highly viscous fluids.
Effects of viscous and darcy dissipation on fully developed natural convection flow in a composite channel partially filled with porous material: Homotopy perturbation method (HPM)
Authors: Ajibade Abiodun O. , Gambo Jeremiah J. , Jha Basant K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA steady natural convection flow in a composite channel partially filled with porous material is investigated analytically in this paper. In this respect, the effects of heat generation due to viscous dissipation and darcy dissipation were considered in the energy equations of the porous region and that of clear fluid region. In addition, the Brinkmann extended Darcy model was applied to model the flow in the porous region. The coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that governed the flow is solved by the homotopy perturbation method. The analytical solution results for velocity, temperature, and Nusselt number are provided and analyzed. The investigation reveals that increase in the thickness of the porous region hampers the hydrodynamics while it promotes the thermodynamics within the composite channel.
A global analysis of resonance-enhanced light scalar dark matter
Authors: Binder Tobias , Chakraborti Sreemanti , Matsumoto Shigeki , Watanabe Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study a minimal model for a light scalar dark matter, requiring a light scalar mediator to address the core-cusp problem and interact with the standard model particles. We analyze the model comprehensively by focusing on the Breit-Wigner resonance for dark matter annihilation and self-scattering channels, considering the thermal relic abundance condition that includes the early kinetic decoupling effect, as well as the present and future constraints from collider, direct, and indirect dark matter detections. We found that the scalar dark matter with the mass of 0.3–2 GeV remains uncharted, which will be efficiently tested by the near future MeV gamma-ray observations.
Notes on higher-derivative conformal theory with nonprimary energy-momentum tensor that applies to the Nambu-Goto string
Authors: Makeenko Yuri 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
I investigate the higher-derivative conformal theory which shows how the Nambu-Goto and Polyakov strings can be told apart. Its energy-momentum tensor is conserved, traceless but does not belong to the conformal family of the unit operator. To implement conformal invariance in such a case I develop the new technique that explicitly accounts for the quantum equation of motion and results in singular products. I show that the conformal transformations generated by the nonprimary energy-momentum tensor form a Lie algebra with a central extension which in the path-integral formalism gives a logarithmically divergent contribution to the central charge. I demonstrate how the logarithmic divergence is canceled in the string susceptibility and reproduce the previously obtained deviation from KPZ-DDK at one loop.
Mixed anomalies, two-groups, non-invertible symmetries, and 3d superconformal indices
Authors: Mekareeya Noppadol , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mixed anomalies, higher form symmetries, two-group symmetries and non-invertible symmetries have proved to be useful in providing non-trivial constraints on the dynamics of quantum field theories. We study mixed anomalies involving discrete zero-form global symmetries, and possibly a one-form symmetry, in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≥ 3 gauge theories using the superconformal index. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated via several classes of theories, including Chern-Simons-matter theories, such as the U(1)k gauge theory with hypermultiplets of diverse charges, the T (SU(N)) theory of Gaiotto-Witten, the theories with 𝔰𝔬(2N)2k gauge algebra and hypermultiplets in the vector representation, and variants of the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis (ABJ) theory with the orthosymplectic gauge algebra. Gauging appropriate global symmetries of some of these models, we obtain various interesting theories with non-invertible symmetries or two-group structures.
Unlikely intersections of curves with algebraic subgroups in semiabelian varieties
Authors: Barroero Fabrizio , Kühne Lars , Schmidt Harry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet G be a semiabelian variety and $$C$$
C
a curve in G that is not contained in a proper algebraic subgroup of G. In this situation, conjectures of Pink and Zilber imply that there are at most finitely many points contained in the so-called unlikely intersections of $$C$$
C
with subgroups of codimension at least 2. In this note, we establish this assertion for general semiabelian varieties over $$\overline{\mathbb {Q}}$$

Q
¯

. This extends results of Maurin and Bombieri, Habegger, Masser, and Zannier in the toric case as well as Habegger and Pila in the abelian case.
Effects of systematic data reduction on trend estimation from German registration trials
Authors: Hartung Jens , Laidig Friedrich , Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Key message
VCU trials can provide unbiased estimates of post-breeding trends given that all data is used. Dropping data of genotypes tested for up to two years may result in biased post-breeding trend estimates.

Abstract
Increasing yield trends are seen on-farm in Germany. The increase is based on genetic trend in registered genotypes and changes in agronomic practices and climate. To estimate both genetic and non-genetic trends, historical wheat data from variety trials evaluating a varieties’ value for cultivation und use (VCU) were analyzed. VCU datasets include information on varieties as well as on genotypes that were submitted by breeders and tested in trials but could not make it to registration. Therefore, the population of registered varieties (post-registration population) is a subset of the population of genotypes tested in VCU trials (post-breeding population). To assess post-registration genetic trend, historical VCU trial datasets are often reduced, e.g. to registered varieties only. This kind of drop-out mechanism is statistically informative which affects variance component estimates and which can affect trend estimates. To investigate the effect of this informative drop-out on trend estimates, a simulation study was conducted mimicking the structure of German winter wheat VCU trials. Zero post-breeding trends were simulated. Results showed unbiased estimates of post-breeding trends when using all data. When restricting data to genotypes tested for at least three years, a positive genetic trend of 0.11 dt ha−1 year−1 and a negative non-genetic trend (− 0.11 dt ha−1 year−1) were observed. Bias increased with increasing genotype-by-year variance and disappeared with random selection. We simulated single-trait selection, whereas decisions in VCU trials consider multiple traits, so selection intensity per trait is considerably lower. Hence, our results provide an upper bound for the bias expected in practice.
Camera-based high precision position detection for hybrid additive manufacturing with laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Merz Benjamin , Nilsson Ricardo , Garske Constantin , Hilgenberg Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) in general and laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) in particular are becoming increasingly important in the field of production technologies. Especially the high achievable accuracies and the great freedom in design make PBF-LB/M interesting for the manufacturing and repair of gas turbine blades. Part repair involves building AM-geometries onto an existing component. To minimise the offset between component and AM-geometry, a precise knowledge of the position of the component in the PBF-LB/M machine is mandatory. However, components cannot be inserted into the PBF-LB/M machine with repeatable accuracy, so the actual position will differ for each part. For an offset-free build-up, the actual position of the component in the PBF-LB/M machine has to be determined. In this paper, a camera-based position detection system is developed considering PBF-LB/M constraints and system requirements. This includes finding an optimal camera position considering the spatial limitations of the PBF-LB/M machine and analysing the resulting process coordinate systems. In addition, a workflow is developed to align different coordinate systems and simultaneously correct the perspective distortion in the acquired camera images. Thus, position characteristics can be determined from images by image moments. For this purpose, different image segmentation algorithms are compared. The precision of the system developed is evaluated in tests with 2D objects. A precision of up to 30μm in translational direction and an angular precision of 0.021∘ is achieved. Finally, a 3D demonstrator was built using this proposed hybrid strategy. The offset between base component and AM-geometry is determined by 3D scanning and is 69μm.
Long-term risk associated with clonal hematopoiesis in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis undergoing TAVR
Authors: Mas-Peiro Silvia , Pergola Graziella , Berkowitsch Alexander , Meggendorfer Manja , Rieger Michael A. , Vasa-Nicotera Mariuca , Dimmeler Stefanie , Zeiher Andreas M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)-driver genes DNMT3A and TET2 have been previously shown to be associated with short-term prognosis in patients undergoing TAVR for aortic valve stenosis. We aimed to extend and characterize these findings on long-term outcome in a large cohort.MethodsA total of 453 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR were included in an up to 4-year follow-up study. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify DNMT3A- and/or TET2-CHIP-driver mutations. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Since CHIP-driver mutations appear to be closely related to DNA methylation, results were also assessed in patients who never smoked, a factor known to interfere with DNA methylation.ResultsDNMT3A-/TET2-CHIP-driver mutations were present in 32.4% of patients (DNMT3An = 92, TET2n = 71), and were more frequent in women (52.4% vs. 38.9%,p = 0.007) and older participants (83.3 vs. 82.2 years,p = 0.011), while clinical characteristics or blood-derived parameters did not differ. CHIP-driver mutations were associated with a significantly higher mortality up to 4 years after TAVR in both univariate (p = 0.031) and multivariate analyses (HR 1.429, 95%CI 1.014–2.013,p = 0.041). The difference was even more pronounced (p = 0.011) in never smokers. Compared to TET2 mutation carriers, patients with DNMT3A mutations had significantly less frequently concomitant coronary and peripheral artery disease.ConclusionDNMT3A- and TET2-CHIP-driver mutations are associated with long-term mortality in patients with aortic valve stenosis even after a successful TAVR. The association is also present in never smokers, in whom no biasing effect from smoking on DNA methylation is to be expected.Graphical Abstract
Prediction of conduction disturbances in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Pavlicek Valérie , Mahfoud Felix , Bubel Katharina , Fries Peter , Ewen Sebastian , Böhm Michael , Scheller Bruno , Ukena Christian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can cause intraventricular conduction disturbances (ICA), particularly left bundle branch block (BBB) and high-degree atrioventricular block (HAVB). The aim of this study was to investigate clinical, anatomical, procedural, and electrophysiological parameters predicting ICA after TAVR.

Methods
Patients with severe aortic stenosis (n = 203) without pacing devices undergoing TAVR with a self-expanding (n = 103) or balloon-expanding (n = 100) valve were enrolled. Clinical and anatomical parameters, such as length of the membranous septum (MS) and implantation depth, were assessed. His-ventricular interval (HVi) before and after implantation was determined. 12-lead-electrocardiograms (ECG) before, during and after 3 and 30 days after TAVR were analyzed for detection of any ICA.

Results
Among 203 consecutive patients (aortic valve area 0.78 ± 0.18 cm2, age 80 ± 6 years, 54% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 52 ± 10%), TAVR led to a significant prolongation of infranodal conduction in all patients from 49 ± 10 ms to 59 ± 16 ms (p = 0.01). The HVi prolongation was independent of valve types, occurrence of HAVB or ICA. Fifteen patients (7%) developed HAVB requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation and 63 patients (31%) developed ICA within 30 days. Pre-existing BBB (OR 11.64; 95% CI 2.87–47.20; p = 0.001), new-onset left BBB (OR 15.72; 95% CI 3.05–81.03; p = 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (OR 3.88; 95% CI 1.30–15.99; p = 0.02) independently predicted HAVB requiring PPM. Neither pre-existing right BBB, a prolonged postHVi, increases in PR duration, any of the TAVR implantation procedural and anatomic nor echocardiographic characteristics were predictive for later HAVB.

Conclusions
New-onset left BBB and diabetes mellitus independently predicted HAVB requiring PPM after TAVR and helped to identify patients at risk. Electrophysiologic study (EPS) of atrioventricular conduction was neither specific nor predictive of HAVB and can be skipped.

Trial registration number
NCT04128384 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

Graphical abstract
The role of exercise and hypoxia on glucose transport and regulation
Authors: Soo J. , Raman A. , Lawler N. G. , Goods P. S. R. , Deldicque L. , Girard O. , Fairchild T. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMuscle glucose transport activity increases with an acute bout of exercise, a process that is accomplished by the translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in the skeletal muscle of individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is, therefore, an important cornerstone in the management of individuals with T2DM. However, the acute systemic glucose responses to carbohydrate ingestion are often augmented during the early recovery period from exercise, despite increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Accordingly, the first aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge associated with insulin action and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and apply these to explain the disparate responses between systemic and localized glucose responses post-exercise. Herein, the importance of muscle glycogen depletion and the key glucoregulatory hormones will be discussed. Glucose uptake can also be stimulated independently by hypoxia; therefore, hypoxic training presents as an emerging method for enhancing the effects of exercise on glucose regulation. Thus, the second aim of this review is to discuss the potential for systemic hypoxia to enhance the effects of exercise on glucose regulation.
Neurofilament light chain marks severity of papilledema in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Knoche Theresia , Gaus Verena , Haffner Paula , Kowski Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) reflects axonal damage in neurological disorders. It has recently been evaluated in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). A biomarker indicating the severity of optic nerve damage in IIH could support diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decisions.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed NfL concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 35 IIH patients and 12 healthy controls, who had received diagnostic workup for IIH in our clinic. The diagnosis of IIH was made according to the modified Friedman criteria for IIH and for IIH without papilledema Friedman DI et al Neurol 81:1159–1165 (2013) [1]. NfL in the CSF (CSF-NfL) was correlated with the severity of papilledema and with CSF opening pressure.

Results
CSF-NfL correlated with CSF opening pressure at the time of collection. In patients with IIH and moderate or severe papilledema, CSF-NfL was significantly increased compared to patients with mild or no papilledema. Healthy controls with raised intracranial pressure showed no relevant elevation of CSF-NfL.

Conclusion
CSF-NfL appears to correlate with the severity of papilledema in IIH and with CSF opening pressure and may therefore be a predictor of optic nerve damage in IIH patients.