bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of drought and recovery on soil volatile organic compound fluxes in an experimental rainforest
Authors: Pugliese Giovanni , Ingrisch Johannes , Meredith Laura K. , Pfannerstill Eva Y. , Klüpfel Thomas , Meeran Kathiravan , Byron Joseph , Purser Gemma , Gil-Loaiza Juliana , van Haren Joost , Dontsova Katerina , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Ladd S. Nemiah , Werner Christiane , Williams Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrought can affect the capacity of soils to emit and consume biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we show the impact of prolonged drought followed by rewetting and recovery on soil VOC fluxes in an experimental rainforest. Under wet conditions the rainforest soil acts as a net VOC sink, in particular for isoprenoids, carbonyls and alcohols. The sink capacity progressively decreases during drought, and at soil moistures below ~19%, the soil becomes a source of several VOCs. Position specific 13C-pyruvate labeling experiments reveal that soil microbes are responsible for the emissions and that the VOC production is higher during drought. Soil rewetting induces a rapid and short abiotic emission peak of carbonyl compounds, and a slow and long biotic emission peak of sulfur-containing compounds. Results show that, the extended drought periods predicted for tropical rainforest regions will strongly affect soil VOC fluxes thereby impacting atmospheric chemistry and climate.
Spin-orbit driven superconducting proximity effects in Pt/Nb thin films
Authors: Flokstra Machiel , Stewart Rhea , Yim Chi-Ming , Trainer Christopher , Wahl Peter , Miller David , Satchell Nathan , Burnell Gavin , Luetkens Hubertus , Prokscha Thomas , Suter Andreas , Morenzoni Elvezio , Bobkova Irina V. , Bobkov Alexander M. , Lee Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractManipulating the spin state of thin layers of superconducting material is a promising route to generate dissipationless spin currents in spintronic devices. Approaches typically focus on using thin ferromagnetic elements to perturb the spin state of the superconducting condensate to create spin-triplet correlations. We have investigated simple structures that generate spin-triplet correlations without using ferromagnetic elements. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and muon-spin rotation are used to probe the local electronic and magnetic properties of our hybrid structures, demonstrating a paramagnetic contribution to the magnetization that partially cancels the Meissner screening. This spin-orbit generated magnetization is shown to derive from the spin of the equal-spin pairs rather than from their orbital motion and is an important development in the field of superconducting spintronics.
An X-ray free-electron laser with a highly configurable undulator and integrated chicanes for tailored pulse properties
Authors: Prat Eduard , Al Haddad Andre , Arrell Christopher , Augustin Sven , Boll Marco , Bostedt Christoph , Calvi Marco , Cavalieri Adrian L. , Craievich Paolo , Dax Andreas , Dijkstal Philipp , Ferrari Eugenio , Follath Rolf , Ganter Romain , Geng Zheqiao , Hiller Nicole , Huppert Martin , Ischebeck Rasmus , Juranić Pavle , Kittel Christoph , Knopp Gregor , Malyzhenkov Alexander , Marcellini Fabio , Neppl Stefan , Reiche Sven , Sammut Nicholas , Schietinger Thomas , Schmidt Thomas , Schnorr Kirsten , Trisorio Alexandre , Vicario Carlo , Voulot Didier , Wang Guanglei , Weilbach Tobias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractX-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are state-of-the-art scientific tools capable to study matter on the scale of atomic processes. Since the initial operation of X-ray FELs more than a decade ago, several facilities with upgraded performance have been put in operation. Here we present the first lasing results of Athos, the soft X-ray FEL beamline of SwissFEL at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Athos features an undulator layout based on short APPLE-X modules providing full polarisation control, interleaved with small magnetic chicanes. This versatile configuration allows for many operational modes, giving control over many FEL properties. We show, for example, a 35% reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation with respect to standard undulator configurations. We also demonstrate the generation of more powerful pulses than the ones obtained in typical undulators. Athos represents a fundamental step forward in the design of FEL facilities, creating opportunities in FEL-based sciences.
Direct visual observation of pedal motion-dependent flexibility of single covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Chi Hongbin , Liu Yang , Li Ziyi , Chen Wanxin , He Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlexible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been studied for applications containing sorption, selective separation, and catalysis. How to correlate the microscopic structure with flexibility in COFs is a great challenge. Herein, we visually track the flexible deformation behaviors of single COF-300 and COF-300-AR particles in response to solvent vapour guests with dark-field microscopy (DFM) in an in operando manner. COF-300-AR with freely-rotating C-N single bonds are synthesized by the reduction of imine-based COF-300 consisting of rigid C=N double bonds without changing topological structure and crystallinity. Unexpectedly, we observe that the flexible deformation of COF-300 is extremely higher than that of COF-300-AR despite it bears many C-N single bonds, clearly illustrating the apparent flexibility decrease of COF-300 after reduction. The high spatiotemporal resolution of DFM enables the finding of inter-particle variations of the flexibility among COF-300 crystals. Experimental characterizations by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations demonstrate that the flexible deformation of COF-300 is ascribed to the pedal motion around rigid C=N double bonds. These observations provide new insights into COF flexibility.
Allosteric control of olefin isomerization kinetics via remote metal binding and its mechanochemical analysis
Authors: Yu Yichen , O’Neill Robert T. , Boulatov Roman , Widenhoefer Ross A. , Craig Stephen L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAllosteric control of reaction thermodynamics is well understood, but the mechanisms by which changes in local geometries of receptor sites lower activation reaction barriers in electronically uncoupled, remote reaction moieties remain relatively unexplored. Here we report a molecular scaffold in which the rate of thermal E-to-Z isomerization of an alkene increases by a factor of as much as 104 in response to fast binding of a metal ion to a remote receptor site. A mechanochemical model of the olefin coupled to a compressive harmonic spring reproduces the observed acceleration quantitatively, adding the studied isomerization to the very few reactions demonstrated to be sensitive to extrinsic compressive force. The work validates experimentally the generalization of mechanochemical kinetics to compressive loads and demonstrates that the formalism of force-coupled reactivity offers a productive framework for the quantitative analysis of the molecular basis of allosteric control of reaction kinetics. Important differences in the effects of compressive vs. tensile force on the kinetic stabilities of molecules are discussed.
MacroH2A restricts inflammatory gene expression in melanoma cancer-associated fibroblasts by coordinating chromatin looping
Authors: Filipescu Dan , Carcamo Saul , Agarwal Aman , Tung Navpreet , Humblin Étienne , Goldberg Matthew S. , Vyas Nikki S. , Beaumont Kristin G. , Demircioglu Deniz , Sridhar Subhasree , Ghiraldini Flavia G. , Capparelli Claudia , Aplin Andrew E. , Salmon Hélène , Sebra Robert , Kamphorst Alice O. , Merad Miriam , Hasson Dan , Bernstein Emily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMacroH2A has established tumour suppressive functions in melanoma and other cancers, but an unappreciated role in the tumour microenvironment. Using an autochthonous, immunocompetent mouse model of melanoma, we demonstrate that mice devoid of macroH2A variants exhibit increased tumour burden compared with wild-type counterparts. MacroH2A-deficient tumours accumulate immunosuppressive monocytes and are depleted of functional cytotoxic T cells, characteristics consistent with a compromised anti-tumour response. Single cell and spatial transcriptomics identify increased dedifferentiation along the neural crest lineage of the tumour compartment and increased frequency and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts following macroH2A loss. Mechanistically, macroH2A-deficient cancer-associated fibroblasts display increased myeloid chemoattractant activity as a consequence of hyperinducible expression of inflammatory genes, which is enforced by increased chromatin looping of their promoters to enhancers that gain H3K27ac. In summary, we reveal a tumour suppressive role for macroH2A variants through the regulation of chromatin architecture in the tumour stroma with potential implications for human melanoma.
Two excited-state datasets for quantum chemical UV-vis spectra of organic molecules
Authors: Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Mehta Kshitij , Yoo Pilsun , Irle Stephan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present two open-source datasets that provide time-dependent density-functional tight-binding (TD-DFTB) electronic excitation spectra of organic molecules. These datasets represent predictions of UV-vis absorption spectra performed on optimized geometries of the molecules in their electronic ground state. The GDB-9-Ex dataset contains a subset of 96,766 organic molecules from the original open-source GDB-9 dataset. The ORNL_AISD-Ex dataset consists of 10,502,904 organic molecules that contain between 5 and 71 non-hydrogen atoms. The data reveals the close correlation between the magnitude of the gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the excitation energy of the lowest singlet excited state energies quantitatively. The chemical variability of the large number of molecules was examined with a topological fingerprint estimation based on extended-connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs) followed by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) for dimension reduction. Both datasets were generated using the DFTB+ software on the “Andes” cluster of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF).
A Data Set of Signals from an Antenna for Detection of Partial Discharges in Overhead Insulated Power Line
Authors: Klein Lukáš , Fulneček Jan , Seidl David , Prokop Lukáš , Mišák Stanislav , Dvorský Jiří , Piecha Marian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe introduce a data set obtained via a contactless antenna method for detecting partial discharges in XLPE-covered conductors used in medium-voltage overhead power transmission lines. The data set consists of almost three years’ worth of data, collected every hour from 9 measuring stations in Czechia and Slovakia. Each sample in the data set represents a single signal gathered for 20 ms. The contactless method is deployed on the same stations as the galvanic contact method, which is used by power distributors and can provide ground truth. Also manually curated data by human expert are present. Successful detection of partial discharges can prevent electricity shutdowns and forest fires resulting from insulation failure due to vegetation contact. The data set is particularly relevant for covered conductors used in mountainous regions where establishing a safe zone is challenging. The contactless method offers advantages such as cheaper and easier installation. The data set has the potential to develop machine learning models to detect partial discharges and facilitate safer and cheaper use of covered conductors.
Concurrent datasets on land cover and river monitoring in Fukushima decontaminated catchment during 2013–2018
Authors: Feng Bin , Onda Yuichi , Wakiyama Yoshifumi , Taniguchi Keisuke , Hashimoto Asahi , Zhang Yupan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfter the Fukushima nuclear accident, the Japanese government implemented extensive decontamination work in 137Cs contaminated catchments for residents’ health and local revitalization. Whether dramatic land use changes in the upstream decontaminated regions affected river suspended sediment (SS) and particulate 137Cs discharge downstream remain unknown because of the poor quantification on land cover changes and long-term river SS dynamics. We here introduce a 6-year concurrent database of the Niida River Basin, a decontaminated catchment, including the first available vector decontamination maps, satellite images in decontaminated regions with a spatial resolution of 10 m, and long-term river monitoring datasets spanning decontamination (2013–2016) and subsequent natural restoration stages (2017–2018). These datasets allow us, for the first time, to directly link the transport dynamics of river SS (particulate 137Cs) to land use changes caused by humans in real-time, which provide fundamental data for better understanding the river response of sediment to land use change. Moreover, the data obtained by interdisciplinary methods offer a template for land use change impact assessment in other river basins.
Fully fluorinated non-carbon compounds NF3 and SF6 as ideal technosignature gases
Authors: Seager Sara , Petkowski Janusz J. , Huang Jingcheng , Zhan Zhuchang , Ravela Sai , Bains William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWaste gas products from technological civilizations may accumulate in an exoplanet atmosphere to detectable levels. We propose nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as ideal technosignature gases. Earth life avoids producing or using any N–F or S–F bond-containing molecules and makes no fully fluorinated molecules with any element. NF3 and SF6 may be universal technosignatures owing to their special industrial properties, which unlike biosignature gases, are not species-dependent. Other key relevant qualities of NF3 and SF6 are: their extremely low water solubility, unique spectral features, and long atmospheric lifetimes. NF3 has no non-human sources and was absent from Earth’s pre-industrial atmosphere. SF6 is released in only tiny amounts from fluorine-containing minerals, and is likely produced in only trivial amounts by volcanic eruptions. We propose a strategy to rule out SF6’s abiotic source by simultaneous observations of SiF4, which is released by volcanoes in an order of magnitude higher abundance than SF6. Other fully fluorinated human-made molecules are of interest, but their chemical and spectral properties are unavailable. We summarize why life on Earth—and perhaps life elsewhere—avoids using F. We caution, however, that we cannot definitively disentangle an alien biochemistry byproduct from a technosignature gas.
Video reconstruction from a single motion blurred image using learned dynamic phase coding
Authors: Yosef Erez , Elmalem Shay , Giryes Raja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVideo reconstruction from a single motion-blurred image is a challenging problem, which can enhance the capabilities of existing cameras. Recently, several works addressed this task using conventional imaging and deep learning. Yet, such purely digital methods are inherently limited, due to direction ambiguity and noise sensitivity. Some works attempt to address these limitations with non-conventional image sensors, however, such sensors are extremely rare and expensive. To circumvent these limitations by simpler means, we propose a hybrid optical-digital method for video reconstruction that requires only simple modifications to existing optical systems. We use learned dynamic phase-coding in the lens aperture during image acquisition to encode motion trajectories, which serve as prior information for the video reconstruction process. The proposed computational camera generates a sharp frame burst of the scene at various frame rates from a single coded motion-blurred image, using an image-to-video convolutional neural network. We present advantages and improved performance compared to existing methods, with both simulations and a real-world camera prototype. We extend our optical coding to video frame interpolation and present robust and improved results for noisy videos.
Increasing landscape heterogeneity as a win–win solution to manage trade-offs in biological control of crop and woodland pests
Authors: Tortosa Axelle , Giffard Brice , Sirami Clélia , Larrieu Laurent , Ladet Sylvie , Vialatte Aude 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAgriculture and forestry cover more than 75% of Europe, and invertebrate pests are a costly challenge for these two economic sectors. Landscape management is increasingly promoted as a solution to enhance biological pest control, but little is known on its effects on adjacent crop fields and woodlands. This study aims to explore the effect of the proportion of woodlands and permanent grasslands as well as crop diversity on biological pest control simultaneously in cereals fields and woodland patches, in south-western France. We used different types of sentinel prey as well as bird and carabid community metrics to assess biological pest control potential in these two ecosystems. We first show that land cover variables influence biological pest control both in cereal fields and woodland patches, but have antagonistic effects in the two ecosystems. Although results vary according to the biological control indicator considered, we show that increasing landscape heterogeneity represents a valuable solution to manage trade-offs and promote higher average predation rates across forests and cereal fields. Our study therefore calls for more integrative studies to identify landscape management strategies that enable nature-based solutions across ecosystems.
Bioprospecting for industrially relevant exopolysaccharide-producing cyanobacteria under Portuguese simulated climate
Authors: Cruz José Diogo , Delattre Cédric , Felpeto Aldo Barreiro , Pereira Hugo , Pierre Guillaume , Morais João , Petit Emmanuel , Silva Joana , Azevedo Joana , Elboutachfaiti Redouan , Maia Inês B. , Dubessay Pascal , Michaud Philippe , Vasconcelos Vitor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCyanobacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are potential candidates for the production of sustainable biopolymers. Although the bioactive and physicochemical properties of cyanobacterial-based EPS are attractive, their commercial exploitation is limited by the high production costs. Bioprospecting and characterizing novel EPS-producing strains for industrially relevant conditions is key to facilitate their implementation in various biotechnological applications and fields. In the present work, we selected twenty-five Portuguese cyanobacterial strains from a diverse taxonomic range (including some genera studied for the first time) to be grown in diel light and temperature, simulating the Portuguese climate conditions, and evaluated their growth performance and proximal composition of macronutrients. Synechocystis and Cyanobium genera, from marine and freshwater origin, were highlighted as fast-growing (0.1–0.2 g L−1 day−1) with distinct biomass composition. Synechocystis sp. LEGE 07367 and Chroococcales cyanobacterium LEGE 19970, showed a production of 0.3 and 0.4 g L−1 of released polysaccharides (RPS). These were found to be glucan-based polymers with high molecular weight and a low number of monosaccharides than usually reported for cyanobacterial EPS. In addition, the absence of known cyanotoxins in these two RPS producers was also confirmed. This work provides the initial steps for the development of cyanobacterial EPS bioprocesses under the Portuguese climate.
Novel MRI-guided focussed ultrasound stimulated microbubble radiation enhancement treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Dasgupta Archya , Saifuddin Murtuza , McNabb Evan , Ho Ling , Lu Lin , Vesprini Danny , Karam Irene , Soliman Hany , Chow Edward , Gandhi Sonal , Trudeau Maureen , Tran William , Curpen Belinda , Stanisz Greg , Sahgal Arjun , Kolios Michael , Czarnota Gregory J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPreclinical studies have demonstrated focused ultrasound (FUS) stimulated microbubble (MB) rupture leads to the activation of acid sphingomyelinase-ceramide pathway in the endothelial cells. When radiotherapy (RT) is delivered concurrently with FUS-MB, apoptotic pathway leads to increased cell death resulting in potent radiosensitization. Here we report the first human trial of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided FUS-MB treatment in the treatment of breast malignancies. In the phase 1 prospective interventional study, patients with breast cancer were treated with fractionated RT (5 or 10 fractions) to the disease involving breast or chest wall. FUS-MB treatment was delivered before 1st and 5th fractions of RT (within 1 h). Eight patients with 9 tumours were treated. All 7 evaluable patients with at least 3 months follow-up treated for 8 tumours had a complete response in the treated site. The maximum acute toxicity observed was grade 2 dermatitis in 1 site, and grade 1 in 8 treated sites, at one month post RT, which recovered at 3 months. No RT-related late effect or FUS-MB related toxicity was noted. This study demonstrated safety of combined FUS-MB and RT treatment. Promising response rates suggest potential strong radiosensitization effects of the investigational modality.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04431674.
Iron-fortified water: a new approach for reducing iron deficiency anemia in resource-constrained settings
Authors: Noubactep Chicgoua , Kenmogne-Tchidjo Joseline Flore , Vollmer Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new approach for fortification of drinking water is presented for combating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) worldwide. The idea is to leach Fe from a bed containing granular metallic iron (Fe0), primarily using ascorbic acid (AA). AA forms very stable and bioavailable complexes with ferrous iron (FeII). Calculated amounts of the FeII-AA solution can be added daily to the drinking water of households or day-care centers for children and adults (e.g. hospitals, kindergartens/schools, refugee camps) to cover the Fe needs of the populations. Granular Fe0(e.g., sponge iron) in filters is regarded as a locally available Fe carrier in low-income settings, and, AA is also considered to be affordable in low-income countries. The primary idea of this concept is to stabilize FeIIfrom the Fe0filter by using an appropriate AA solution. An experiment showed that up to 12 mg Fe can be daily leached from 1.0 g of a commercial sponge iron using a 2 mM AA solution. Fe fortification of safe drinking water is a practicable, affordable and efficient method for reducing IDA in low-income communities.