bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human neurons lacking amyloid precursor protein exhibit cholesterol‐associated developmental and presynaptic deficits
Authors: Mesa Haylee , Zhang Elaine Y. , Wang Yingcai , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmyloid precursor protein (APP) produces aggregable β‐amyloid peptides and its mutations are associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), which makes it one of the most studied proteins. However, APP's role in the human brain remains unclear despite years of investigation. One problem is that most studies on APP have been carried out in cell lines or model organisms, which are physiologically different from human neurons in the brain. Recently, human‐induced neurons (hiNs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a practical platform for studying the human brain in vitro. Here, we generated APP‐null iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and differentiate them into matured human neurons with functional synapses using a two‐step procedure. During hiN differentiation and maturation, APP‐null cells exhibited less neurite growth and reduced synaptogenesis in serum‐free but not serum‐containing media. We have found that cholesterol (Chol) remedies those developmental defects in APP‐null cells, consistent with Chol's role in neurodevelopment and synaptogenesis. The phenotypic rescue was also achieved by coculturing those cells with wild‐type mouse astrocytes, suggesting that APP's developmental role is likely astrocytic. Next, we examined matured hiNs using patch‐clamp recording and detected reduced synaptic transmission in APP‐null cells. This change was largely due to decreased synaptic vesicle (SV) release and retrieval, which was confirmed by live‐cell imaging using two SV‐specific fluorescent reporters. Adding Chol shortly before stimulation mitigated the SV deficits in APP‐null iNs, indicating that APP facilitates presynaptic membrane Chol turnover during the SV exo‐/endocytosis cycle. Taken together, our study in hiNs supports the notion that APP contributes to neurodevelopment, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission via maintaining brain Chol homeostasis. Given the vital role of Chol in the central nervous system, the functional connection between APP and Chol bears important implications in the pathogenesis of AD.
Designed synthetic pathway of stereoselective novel monocyclic cis‐bis‐β‐lactams including a 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2,5‐dithiol constituent: Antimicrobial activity, molecular docking
Authors: Singh Vedeshwar Narayan , Kumari Beauty , Mishra Mahesh Kumar , Sharma Sitaram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA simple synthetic method has been developed for novel monocyclic bis‐β‐lactams including a 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2,5‐thiol constituent via [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, that is, Staudinger reaction (ketene‐imine) of acyl chloride and numerous aromatic imines. Easily available starting materials, an easy workup, a simple purification process, no column chromatography needed, and a great yield are specific features of this work. Spectroscopic methods revealed the confirmation of synthesized products. Products were easily purified through a simple crystallization technique. The stereochemistry of bis‐β‐lactam derivatives at C‐3 and C‐4 stereocenters was validated by 1H NMR spectra. All synthesized products exhibited good antimicrobial activities against three Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and Clostridium perfringens, and two Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Brucella abortus. The molecular docking studies were carried out with the target receptor from E. coli, S. aureus, B. anthracis, B. abortus, and C. perfringens of PDB ID: 3T88, 4Q7G, 3Q2O, 4WJM, and 6PV4, respectively, to obtain a moderate binding interaction.
Synthesis of new derivatives of Alkylselanyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine asselenium‐containingheterocyclic system
Authors: Darapour Zinat , Shiri Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report a facile method to synthesize novel alkyl selanyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine heterocyclic scaffolds. A diverse library of selenide derivatives has been prepared via the treatment of 5‐bromo‐2,4‐dichloro‐6‐methylpyrimidine with potassium selenocyanate as the source of selenium. The selenocyanate anion as the nucleophile is applied to produce 5‐bromo‐2‐chloro‐4‐methyl‐6‐selenocyanatopyrimidine (2). The interaction of compound (2) with various alkyl halides afforded alkyl selanyl pyrimidine (3a–e). Then, the treatment of alkyl selanyl pyrimidine (3a–e) with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding derivatives (4a–e) which react with various orthoesters to prepare the relative alkyl selanyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine (5a–o) in good to excellent yields. The chemical structures of the whole products have been evaluated by spectroscopic analyses.
Association between changes in pulmonary function and in patient reported outcomes during enzyme therapy of adult patients with late‐onset Pompe disease
Authors: Lika Aglina , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Kruijshaar Michelle E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPompe disease is a rare, progressive, and metabolic myopathy. Reduced pulmonary function is one of the main problems seen in adult patients with late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD). We aimed to explore the association between changes over time in pulmonary function and in patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), in these patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This is a post hoc analysis of two cohort studies. Pulmonary function was assessed as forced vital capacity in the upright position (FVCup). As PROMs, we assessed the physical component summary score (PCS) of the Medical Outcome Study 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and daily life activities (Rasch‐Built Pompe‐Specific Activity [R‐PACT] scale). We fitted Bayesian multivariate mixed‐effects models. In the models of PROMs, we assumed a linear association with FVCup, and adjusted for time (nonlinear), sex, and age and disease duration at the start of ERT. One hundred and one patients were eligible for analysis. PCS and R‐PAct were positively associated with FVCup, while their relation with time was nonlinear (initial increase then decrease). A 1%‐point increase in FVCup is expected to increase PCS by 0.14 points (95% Credible Interval: [0.09;0.19]) and R‐PACT by 0.41 points [0.33;0.49] at the same time point. In the first year of ERT, we expect a change of PCS and R‐PAct scores by +0.42 and +0.80 points, and in the 5th year of +0.16 and +0.45, respectively. We conclude that the physical domain of quality of life and daily life activities improve when FVCup increases during ERT.
Jun‐mediated lncRNA‐IMS promotes the meiosis of chicken spermatogonial stem cells via gga‐miR‐31‐5p/stra8
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Zhang Lei , Kong Ruihong , Hu Cai , Zhao Zongyi , Wu Yuhui , Zuo Qisheng , Li Bichun , Zhang Ya‐ni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeiosis, a key step in spermatogenesis, is affected by many factors. Current studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential factors regulating meiosis, and their regulatory mechanisms have received much attention. However, little research has been done on its regulatory mechanism in the spermatogenesis of roosters. Here, we found that lncRNA involved in meiosis and spermatogenesis (lncRNA‐IMS) was involved in the regulation of Stra8 by gga‐miR‐31‐5p and hindered the inhibition of Stra8 by gga‐miR‐31‐5p. The acquisition and loss of function experiments demonstrated that lncRNA‐IMS was involved in meiosis and spermatogenesis. In addition, we predicted and determined the core promoter region of lncRNA‐IMS. Prediction of transcription factors, deletion/overexpression of binding sites, knockdown/overexpression of Jun, and dual‐luciferase reporter analysis confirmed that Jun positively activated transcription of lncRNA‐IMS. Our findings further enrich the TF‐lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network during male meiosis and provide new ideas for studying the molecular mechanism of meiosis and spermatogenesis in chicken spermatogonial stem cells.
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system as a key regulator of ovarian follicle angiogenesis and growth
Authors: Guzmán Adrian , Hernández‐Coronado Cyndi G. , Gutiérrez Carlos G. , Rosales‐Torres Ana M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGFA) system is a complex set of proteins, with multiple isoforms and receptors, including both angiogenic (VEGFxxx, VEGFR2) and antiangiogenic members (VEGFxxxb, VEGFR1 and soluble forms of VEGFR). The members of the VEGF system affect the proliferation, survival, and migration of endothelial and nonendothelial cells and are involved in the regulation of follicular angiogenesis and development. The production of VEGF by secondary follicles stimulates preantral follicular development by directly affecting follicular cells and promoting the acquisition of the follicular vasculature and downstream antrum formation. Additionally, the pattern of expression of the components of the VEGF system may provide a proangiogenic milieu capable of triggering angiogenesis and stimulating follicular cells to promote antral follicle growth, whereas, during atresia, this milieu becomes antiangiogenic and blocks follicular development.
A neurotransmitter histamine mediating phototransduction and photopreference in Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Wu Fengming , Du Zhong , Zhang Tianhao , Jiang Lei , Zhang Lijie , Ge Siqin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe biogenic amine histamine plays a critical role in the phototransduction and photopreference of most insects. Here, we study the function of histamine in Callosobruchus maculatus, a global storage pest.RESULTSIn our experiment, we initially identified the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene through bioinformation analysis. We subsequently investigated effects of hdc and histamine on the photopreference of C. maculatus using a combination of RNA interference (RNAi), electroretinograms (ERG), immunostaining, and photopreference behavior approaches. Our results showed that histamine was required for visual signal transduction of C. maculatus, and increased its photopreference regardless of the wavelength.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study analyzing the molecular characteristics of C. maculatus photopreference, which forms the basis for a molecular mechanism for the effects of histamine on its visual transduction and preference. In practice, better understanding the photopreference patterns contributes to IPM (integrated pest management) for this storage pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tweedle gene family of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) larva enhances the basal tolerance to cold and hypoxia
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Liu Lijun , Guo Shaokun , Liu Bo , Zhai Yifan , Yan Shuo , Shen Jie , Ullah Farman , Li Zhihong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is considered a quarantine pest in the A2 list because it causes serious infection and huge economic losses. Cold and controlled atmosphere treatments have been used to control immature stage pests in fresh fruits. Herein, the basal tolerance response of D. suzukii egg, larva and pupa to cold and hypoxia stress were studied, and underlying transcriptome mechanisms in the larva were pinpointed.RESULTSThe third instar was more tolerant than 12‐h‐old egg and 8‐day‐old pupa when treated at 3 °C + 1% O2 for 7 days, with 34.00% ± 5.22% larval survival. Hypoxia influenced the effect of cold treatment on D. suzukii. Larval survival decreased at 3 °C + 1% O2, but increased at 0 °C + 1% O2. Survival increased with temperature between 0 and 5 °C + 1% O2, but decreased significantly at 25 °C + 1% O2. RNA‐sequencing results showed that the Tweedle (Twdl) family was upregulated and uniquely enriched in larvae treated at 3 °C + 1% O2. In addition, RNA interference‐mediated silencing of a key Twdl gene reduced the survival rate after cold and hypoxia treatment.CONCLUSIONHypoxia was able to influence the effect of cold treatment on the survival of D. suzukii positively or negatively. Structural constituents of the chitin‐based cuticle, in particular Twdl genes, body morphogenesis, and ATP synthesis‐coupled proton transport were involved in the tolerance to cold and hypoxia. In future, the Twdl gene could be used as a nanocarrier delivering RNA pesticides to control D. suzukii in the field and so prevent its worldwide spread. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing whole‐sounder removal versus traditional control for reducing invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations
Authors: Kilgo John C. , Vukovich Mark , Cox Kyle J. , Larsen Michael , Mims Thomas T. , Garabedian James E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrapping is commonly used as the primary management tool in attempts to reduce invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), but traditional trapping techniques are often ineffective. However, recently developed traps permit the capture of entire social groups (sounders) of wild pigs, and the strategy of whole‐sounder removal may achieve more effective control. Our objective was to experimentally compare traditional control (TC; primarily traditional trapping, but including hunting with dogs, and opportunistic shooting) and whole‐sounder removal (WSR) strategies by assessing density reduction and removal rate after 1 and 2 years of treatment.RESULTSAfter 1 year of trapping, average wild pig density on WSR units declined 53% and remained stable after the second year, whereas on TC units, pig density did not differ after trapping, although it declined 33% and remained stable after the second year of trapping. The median removal rate (percentage of uniquely marked pigs present at the beginning of each year that were removed) was 42.5% for WSR units and 0.0% for TC units during 2018 and were 29.6% from WSR units and 5.3% from TC units during 2019.CONCLUSIONSWSR removal was more effective at reducing wild pig density than TC, but factors such as previous exposure of this population to traditional traps and the lack of barriers to recolonization from surrounding areas may have reduced WSR efficacy. WSR can effectively reduce wild pig density to a greater extent than TC, but managers should recognize the additional time and expense necessary for implementation. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, synthesis and antifungal evaluation of phenylthiazole‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole thione (ketone) derivatives inspired by natural thiasporine A
Authors: Shi Jinchao , Tian Yao , Chen Shunshun , Liao Changzhou , Mao Guoqing , Deng Xiaoqian , Yu Linhua , Zhu Xiang , Li Junkai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant pathogenic fungal infections have become a severe threat to the yield and quality of agricultural products, and new green antifungal agents with high efficiency and low toxicity are needed. In this study, a series of thiasporine A derivatives containing phenylthiazole‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole thione (ketone) structures were designed and synthesized, and their antifungal activities against six invasive and highly destructive phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated.RESULTSThe results found that all compounds showed moderate to potent antifungal activity against six phytopathogenic fungi, and most of the E series compounds showed remarkable antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Colletotrichum camelliaet. In particular, compounds E1–E5, E7, E8, E13, E14, E17, and E22 showed more significant antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum, with half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.22, 0.48, 0.56, 0.65, 0.51, 0.39, 0.60, 0.56, 0.60, 0.63, and 0.45 μg mL−1, respectively, which were superior to that of carbendazim (0.70 μg mL−1). Further activity studies showed that compound E1 possessed superior curative activities against S. sclerotiorum in vivo and better inhibitory effects on sclerotia germination and the formation of S. sclerotiorum compared with those of carbendazim.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that these thiasporine A derivatives containing phenylthiazole‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole thione structures might be used as antifungal agents against S. sclerotiorum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation on the shear performance of circumferential joints of segments in super‐large cross‐section shield tunnels
Authors: Guo Wenqi , Feng Kun , Zhou Yili , Cao Xiangpeng , Zhao Lixiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo investigate the shear performance of the circumferential joints equipped with inclined bolts and distributed mortises and tenons, a 3D refined numerical calculation model was established. After verification with the full‐scale tests, the shear mechanical behavior of the circumferential joints under shear force in different directions and different longitudinal force was investigated. The results have proven that the evolution of joint dislocation with shear force can be divided into three stages, and the shear stiffness of circumferential joints varies greatly in these three stages. The direction of shear force mainly affects the shear stiffness of the second stage. The mechanical behavior of bolts under shear force in different directions shows significant differences, which is the main reason for the difference of shear stiffness of joints. The failure characteristic of the circumferential joint is mainly the concrete crushing at the mortise. The longitudinal force mainly affects the shear stiffness of the first stage.
Political Representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth in Australia
Authors: Nakata Sana , Bray Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolitical representations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and youth reflect the deep ambivalences Australian society continues to hold toward First Nations people. This chapter explores these ambivalences by considering two key representative fields concerning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in recent years, which serve to illustrate our thesis that children play a constitutive role as temporary outsiders who present both risk and renewal to the demos (Bray & Nakata, The Figure of the Child in Democratic Politics. Contemporary Political Theory, 19, 20. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41296-019-00319-x, 2020). The first focuses on the Northern Territory Don Dale Youth Detention Centre that became the site of political controversy in 2016 for its mistreatment of youth detainees. The second explores a 2020 campaign by the conservative Liberal National Party in a recent Queensland state election to implement a youth curfew in the cities of Townsville and Cairns, that have a high number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander residents. As evidenced by these debates about youth crime and incarceration, we argue that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are often represented as a source of risk which lies in tension with and forecloses the transformative potential of representing Indigenous children as sources of renewal. These cases reveal the representative terrain in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people must resist and speak back to a white national imaginary that works to limit the possible futures that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples imagine for themselves.
Recognizing Children’s Rights: From Child Protection to Children’s Human Rights—The 1979 Swedish Ban on Corporal Punishment in Perspective
Authors: Sandin Bengt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSweden, taken alone or in conjunction with the other Nordic countries, is commonly perceived as a nation where the protection of children and children’s rights has significantly contributed to building both the welfare state and a national identity. The adoption of legislation that prohibits the use of corporal punishment within the family in 1979 is often seen as an example of Sweden’s modernization and commitment to the welfare state and has made the country perform as one of the leaders in the struggle for children’s rights. This chapter looks back at the political situation that has allowed the introduction of a legal ban on corporal punishment within the family, which was built on the concomitant establishment of a new type of relationship between children, the family and the state and on the advent of a multicultural society.Children’s rights were redefined step by step as a consequence of fundamental changes in the role of the state in representing, protecting, and controlling children in institutions such as orphanages, reformatories, childcare and penal institutions under state and government responsibility as well as in schools and in the family. The direct disciplining of children’s bodies by corporal punishment and humiliating treatment was curtailed and prohibited in public institutions and in due time also the role of the family. The discourses evolved around different representations of children’s individual rights, that were considered equal to those of parents, and of children’s physical, psychological and emotional integrity. The discussion evolved from a focus on the disciplining of older children to a focus on the maltreatment of infants; as a result of that corporal punishment in public institutions and educational and care facilities was banned. In the early 1960s which signified the advent of the expansion of the welfare state and family support with parental leave and childcare, corporal punishment was only accepted in the family and the integrity of the family from state regulation of the upbringing of children and gender relation was questioned. The immigrant population whose views on child rearing were presented as a problem during the 1970s necessitated more direct state intervention and policy of child protection.This position conflicted with the overriding principle concerning respect for various cultural values which formed part of Swedish immigration policy during the same period. The values concerning raising children, and the rights of children in Sweden, were established as fundamental, as human rights in a democratic society and in parity with universal democratic human rights. The 1979 Swedish law prohibiting corporal punishment of children was partly a reaction to the transformation of a relatively homogeneous society into a multicultural society but also a result of a fundamental change of the scope and organization of welfare institutions for children.