bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification, location and characterisation of spawning grounds and nurseries in the littoral zone of Lake Kivu (eastern DR Congo)
Authors: Mazambi Jacques Lutete , Micha Jean‐Claude , Kaningini Boniface Mwenyemali , Bahati Emilie Kaningini , Alimasi Wilondja , Riziki Jacques Walumona , Ntakimazi Gaspard , Masilya Pascal Mulungula 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWorldwide biodiversity is on the brink of extinction following the complete disappearance of many forest and freshwater vertebrates. This disappearance is closely linked to the reduction and disturbance of habitats, which should instead benefit from special conservation. In the case of lake ecosystems, fish spawning grounds remain the most vulnerable. This study aims to identify, characterise and locate fish spawning and nursery sites in Lake Kivu for better conservation. Sixteen sampling sites were selected along the shoreline of the Bukavu sub‐basin. Physico‐chemical parameters were measured in situ, and fish were captured using multi‐mesh nets, identified and dissected, gonads observed and sexual maturity stages determined. Twenty‐five fish species were identified, but 17 of these use the selected sampling sites as spawning and/or nursery. Eleven spawning and nine nursery sites were identified and located. Physico‐chemical analyses showed that temperature (F = 2.124, p = 0.011), dissolved oxygen (F = 2.792, p < 0.001), depth (F = 5.915, p < 0.001) and transparency (F = 3.421, p = 0.004) were significantly different, which characterise each site and may be key factors in species distribution between spawning sites. Fish size–weight relationships indicate allometric growths. The results of this research contribute to empirical knowledge of fish spawning grounds.
Bilateral salpingectomy as an option of permanent contraception at time of caesarean section: A survey of practice
Authors: Noori Nargis , Edwards Laura , Anpalagan Apputhurai , Athavale Ramanand , Burling Michael , Herbst Unine , Brand Alison , Kapurubandara Supuni 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundOpportunistic bilateral salpingectomy during benign gynaecologic surgery is advocated as a risk‐reducing strategy due to the inverse association of epithelial ovarian cancers observed in epidemiological studies in a low‐risk setting. Currently, no formal guidance exists for permanent surgical contraception at time of caesarean section in Australia.AimsOur aim was to survey Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) regarding bilateral salpingectomy compared to other procedures offered for permanent contraception at the time of caesarean section.Materials and MethodsAn online survey was utilised to collect clinician demographics, opinions, barriers, and justifications in regard to options of permanent surgical contraception at time of caesarean section.ResultsBilateral salpingectomy was identified as the most effective method of permanent contraception at time of caesarean section. However, only 62% of respondents offer the procedure as a method of permanent contraception. The two most common reasons for clinicians to offer bilateral salpingectomy at time of caesarean section were evidence suggesting a link between the fallopian tube and gynaecological cancer (80%) and efficacy as a permanent form of contraception (16%). The primary barrier identified by 51% of respondents was perceived increased risk of surgical complications, followed by reasoning that it would not allow the possibility of future tubal reversal.ConclusionThis study identifies diverse opinions on surgical approach to permanent contraception at time of caesarean section and offered by clinicians of RANZCOG. Further research is required to establish safety profiles and short‐ and long‐term risks of bilateral salpingectomy.
Continuous infusion of cefiderocol in a critically ill patient with continuous venovenous haemofiltration
Authors: Möhlmann Julia E. , van Luin Matthijs , Uijtendaal Esther V. , Zahr Noël , Sikma Maaike A. 
Published: September 2023

Cefiderocol is a broad‐spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and is indicated in patients with difficult‐to‐treat Gram‐negative bacterial infections. Cefiderocol is applied as a 2–4‐times daily prolonged 3‐h infusion. The therapeutic target of cefiderocol suggests that continuous infusion (CI) may be advantageous, since it is more likely to achieve 100% of time of the unbound concentration above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). However, limited information on cefiderocol as CI has been assessed. We present a case of a critically ill 37‐year‐old woman with continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) treated with a CI of cefiderocol for multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She received 4 g per 24 h, in accordance with the recommendations for the total daily dose during CVVH with an effluent flow rate of 2.1–3 L/h. We evaluated intraperitoneal, plasma arterial pre‐ and postfilter and ultrafiltrate (urine) total cefiderocol concentrations and discussed the pharmacokinetics in respect to the CVVH settings. The predicted unbound plasma concentrations during CI resulted in 6.8–9.5‐fold higher concentrations than the adopted MIC of 2 mg/L for cefiderocol against P. aeruginosa. The optimal time of the unbound concentration >MIC target of cefiderocol was met during the sampling period, suggesting adequate exposure during the total treatment period. The obtained intraperitoneal concentration indicated adequate cefiderocol exposure at the site of infection. Continuous infusion of 4 g cefiderocol per 24 h led to sufficient plasma concentrations in our anuric critically ill patient treated with CVVH. This case is supportive to the use of cefiderocol as continuous infusion.
Matrine exerts an anti‐tumor effect via regulating HN1 in triple breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Guo Qiusheng , Yu Yuan , Tang Wanfen , Zhou Shishi , Lv Xianmei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cannot meet medical needs, and it is urgent to find new drugs for intervention. This study aimed to investigate the anti‐tumor effect of matrine on the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells based on HN1 regulation in vitro and in vivo. TNBC cell lines (MDA‐MB‐453 and HCC‐1806) were treated with varying concentrations of matrine (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mM). CCK‐8, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry assay were employed to detect proliferation, clone formation, invasion, and apoptosis of TNBC cells. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the protein expression of apoptosis HN1. The effects of matrine on tumor growth, protein expression of HN1, and apoptosis in vivo were validated by xenograft tumor models and histology. It was found that matrine inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of TNBC cells in vitro. HN1 expression was suppressed by matrine. HN1 overexpression perceptibly reversed the above‐mentioned additive effect in vitro. In vivo experiments found that matrine inhibited tumor growth and the expression of HN1 protein but promoted the protein expression of Cleared‐Caspase‐3. Above all, this study demonstrated that matrine inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of TNBC cells via suppressing HN1 expression. Targeting HN1 by matrine may provide new insights into the therapeutic management of patients with TNBC.
Stories in the Mind? The Role of Story‐Based Categorizations in Motion Classification
Authors: Papenmeier Frank , Purcalla Arrufi Juan , Kirsch Alexandra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCategorization is fundamental for spatial and motion representation in both the domain of artificial intelligence and human cognition. In this paper, we investigated whether motion categorizations designed in artificial intelligence can inform human cognition. More concretely, we investigated if such categorizations (also known as qualitative representations) can inform the psychological understanding of human perception and memory of motion scenes. To this end, we took two motion categorizations in artificial intelligence, Motion‐RCC and Motion‐OPRA1, and conducted four experiments on human perception and memory. Participants viewed simple motion scenes and judged the similarity of transformed scenes with this reference scene. Those transformed scenes differed in none, one, or both Motion‐RCC and Motion‐OPRA1 categories. Importantly, we applied an equal absolute metric change to those transformed scenes, so that differences in the similarity judgments should be due only to differing categories. In Experiments 1a and 1b, where the reference stimulus and transformed stimuli were visible at the same time (perception), both Motion‐OPRA1 and Motion‐RCC influenced the similarity judgments, with a stronger influence of Motion‐OPRA1. In Experiments 2a and 2b, where participants first memorized the reference stimulus and viewed the transformed stimuli after a short blank (memory), only Motion‐OPRA1 had marked influences on the similarity judgments. Our findings demonstrate a link between human cognition and these motion categorizations developed in artificial intelligence. We argue for a continued and close multidisciplinary approach to investigating the representation of motion scenes.
The neurophysiology of closed‐loop auditory stimulation in sleep: A magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Jourde Hugo R. , Merlo Raphaëlle , Brooks Mary , Rowe Meredith , Coffey Emily B. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClosed‐loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) is a brain modulation technique in which sounds are timed to enhance or disrupt endogenous neurophysiological events. CLAS of slow oscillation up‐states in sleep is becoming a popular tool to study and enhance sleep's functions, as it increases slow oscillations, evokes sleep spindles and enhances memory consolidation of certain tasks. However, few studies have examined the specific neurophysiological mechanisms involved in CLAS, in part because of practical limitations to available tools. To evaluate evidence for possible models of how sound stimulation during brain up‐states alters brain activity, we simultaneously recorded electro‐ and magnetoencephalography in human participants who received auditory stimulation across sleep stages. We conducted a series of analyses that test different models of pathways through which CLAS of slow oscillations may affect widespread neural activity that have been suggested in literature, using spatial information, timing and phase relationships in the source‐localized magnetoencephalography data. The results suggest that auditory information reaches ventral frontal lobe areas via non‐lemniscal pathways. From there, a slow oscillation is created and propagated. We demonstrate that while the state of excitability of tissue in auditory cortex and frontal ventral regions shows some synchrony with the electroencephalography (EEG)‐recorded up‐states that are commonly used for CLAS, it is the state of ventral frontal regions that is most critical for slow oscillation generation. Our findings advance models of how CLAS leads to enhancement of slow oscillations, sleep spindles and associated cognitive benefits and offer insight into how the effectiveness of brain stimulation techniques can be improved.
Revisiting the concept of drug‐resistant epilepsy: A TASK1 report of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Moshé Solomon L. , Potschka Heidrun , Rocha Luisa , Walker Matthew C. ,   the TASK1 workgroup on drug‐resistant epilepsy of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite progress in the development of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), one third of people with epilepsy have drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). The working definition of DRE, proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 2010, helped identify individuals who might benefit from presurgical evaluation early on. As the incidence of DRE remains high, the TASK1 workgroup on DRE of the ILAE/American Epilepsy Society (AES) Joint Translational Task Force discussed the heterogeneity and complexity of its presentation and mechanisms, the confounders in drawing mechanistic insights when testing treatment responses, and barriers in modeling DRE across the lifespan and translating across species. We propose that it is necessary to revisit the current definition of DRE, in order to transform the preclinical and clinical research of mechanisms and biomarkers, to identify novel, effective, precise, pharmacologic treatments, allowing for earlier recognition of drug resistance and individualized therapies.
Factors associated with life‐space mobility restriction in home‐care older adults receiving home‐visit rehabilitation: A cross‐sectional multi‐center study in Japan
Authors: Sugita Yuta , Ohnuma Takeshi , Kogure Eisuke , Hara Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2023

AimLife‐space mobility (LSM) restriction is a serious issue among older adults using home‐visit rehabilitation (HR). This study evaluated physical function, transportation, and other factors not comprehensively tested in previous studies and examined factors associated with the restriction of LSM among older adults using HR.MethodsThis cross‐sectional multi‐center study recruited 88 HR users (49 men, 39 women, mean age 79.0 [±7.8] years) living in urban and rural areas from August to October 2020. We administered the Life‐Space Assessment (LSA), the Self‐Efficacy Scale on Going out among community‐dwelling Elderly (SEGE), grip strength, a 30‐s chair stand test, Bedside Mobility Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), Ikigai‐9, and Home and Community Environment (HACE) test. Participants were divided into two groups based on the cut‐off value of the LSA scores. In the logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was LSA scores ≤30, and the independent variables were measured based on objective evaluation items and adjusted for confounding factors (age, sex, and frequency of use of day‐care services).ResultsRestriction of LSM was significantly associated with FAI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.817, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.706–0.945), HACE facilitators (OR = 1.558, 95% CI = 1.168–2.079), and living alone (OR = 12.822, 95% CI = 1.202–136.716).ConclusionRestriction of LSM is associated with environmental factors, such as assistive devices and household composition, and ability to engage in instrumental activities of daily living. Our findings indicate a great need for focusing on these factors among home‐care older adults receiving HR. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 722–728.
Effect of TiO2 doping on the fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of HfO2 ceramic
Authors: Li Chun , Tang Jun , Ni Liyong , Yang Zhenxiao , Qu Dong , Liu Xiaochen , Gao Chao , Yan Xue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHafnia‐based ceramic coating is considered one of the candidates to substitute yttria partially stabilized zirconia material as thermal barrier coating working above 1200°C. In this work, a series of TiO2‐doped HfO2 ceramics (Hf1–xTixO2, x = 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 40%) were fabricated by solid‐state reaction. The microstructure, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity were systematically investigated. The results show that Hf1–xTixO2 ceramics are comprised of monoclinic HfO2 and orthorhombic HfTiO4 phases when Ti4+ doping amount is between 5% and 20%, and the weight fraction of HfTiO4 phase linearly increases with the Ti4+ content and finally reaches 100% for Hf0.6Ti0.4O2. The fracture toughness of TiO2‐doped HfO2 ceramic is higher than 1.75 MPa m.5 when TiO2 content is no more than 15% and decreases below 1.5 MPa m0.5 if TiO2 content further increases. The thermal conductivity is significantly decreased by TiO2 doping attributed to the precipitated HfTiO4 phase. Considering the mechanical properties and thermal insulation capacity, the doping of 15% TiO2 would be beneficial for the HfO2‐based ceramics.
Enamel coatings mill additives optimization for sulfuric acid corrosion
Authors: Li Wensheng , Hong Hao , Qu Xuewei , Li Cuixia , Elena Yatsenko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDifferent mill additives were optimized to improve enamel coatings anti sulfuric corrosion, the immersive corrosion behaviors in 30 wt. % H2SO4 solution for 120 days of the above enamel coatings were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectrometer, laser scanning confocal microscope, Raman spectra, open‐circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Results showed that the enamel coating with 12 wt. % quartz mill additives presents the best corrosion resistance. The mill additives significantly reduced the porosity, increased the silicon–oxygen network density, enhanced the gel passivation layer formation ability of enamel coatings, increased the alkaline oxide content, and prevented the ion exchange within the sulfuric acid solution.
Trends in use of antipsychotics and psychoactive drugs in older patients after major surgery
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Lee Hemin , Pawar Ajinkya , Lee Su Been , Park Chan Mi , Levin Raisa , Metzger Eran , Bateman Brian T. , Ely E. Wesley , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Pisani Margaret A. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundProfessional society guidelines recommend limiting the use of antipsychotics in older patients with postoperative delirium. How these recommendations affected the use of antipsychotics and other psychoactive drugs in the postoperative period has not been studied.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients 65 years or older without psychiatric diagnoses who underwent major surgery in community hospitals (CHs) and academic medical centers (AMCs) in the United States. The outcome was the rate of hospital days exposed to antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, and selective alpha‐2 receptor agonist dexmedetomidine in the postoperative period by hospital type.ResultsThe study included 4,098,431 surgical admissions from CHs (mean age 75.0 [standard deviation, 7.1] years; 50.8% female) during 2008–2018 and 2,310,529 surgical admissions from AMCs (75.0 [7.4] years; 49.4% female) during 2009–2018. In the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, the number of exposed days per 1000 hospital‐days declined for haloperidol (CHs: 33–21 days [p < 0.01]; AMCs: 24–15 days [p < 0.01]) and benzodiazepines (CHs: 261–136 days [p < 0.01]; AMCs: 150–77 days [p < 0.01]). The use of atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and dexmedetomidine increased, while hypnotic use varied by the hospital type. In the non‐ICU setting, the rate declined for haloperidol in CHs but not in AMCs (CHs: 10–6 days [p < 0.01]; AMCs: 4–3 days [p = 0.52]) and for benzodiazepines in both settings (CHs: 126–56 days [p < 0.01]; AMCs: 30–27 days [p < 0.01]). The use of antiepileptics and antidepressants increased, while the use of atypical antipsychotics and hypnotics varied by the hospital type.ConclusionsThe use of haloperidol and benzodiazepines in the postoperative period declined at both CHs and AMCs. These trends coincided with the increasing use of other psychoactive drugs.
Clozapine for the treatment of aggressiveness and agitation in advanced dementia
Authors: Michael Arwed E. , Michael Nikolaus , Erfurth Andreas , Kujovic Milenko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDistressing behavioural symptoms, particularly agitation and aggressiveness, remain a difficult problem in everyday clinical practice in the treatment of multimorbid patients with dementia. Clozapine may be an effective therapeutic alternative in this context.MethodsIn a retrospective study, patients who had a diagnosis of dementia and had been treated in a specialized geriatric psychiatry unit with clozapine between August 2018 and February 2022 were included, and medical records were systematically reviewed. The Clinical Global Impressions Scale was used to assess improvement, and the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale for symptom reduction. In addition, side effects and clinical features were documented in detail.ResultsA total of 31 patients (median age 82 years) were identified with a mean clozapine dose of 47.2 (SD 35.6) mg. A total of 13 patients tolerated clozapine very well, 10 showed tolerable side effects, and in 10 patients side effects were the reason for stopping clozapine. Behavioural symptoms improved significantly, as indicated by the assessment scores.ConclusionsIn summary, clozapine was effective and well tolerated in 23 patients, suggesting that low‐dose clozapine may help to alleviate the suffering of difficult‐to‐treat multimorbid patients with advanced dementia and their caregivers. However, particular attention should be paid to adverse drug reactions, especially in patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment.
Adaptive spike threshold dynamics associated with sparse spiking of hilar mossy cells are captured by a simple model
Authors: Trinh Anh‐Tuan , Girardi‐Schappo Mauricio , Béïque Jean‐Claude , Longtin André , Maler Leonard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHilar mossy cells (hMCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) receive inputs from DG granule cells (GCs), CA3 pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, and provide feedback input to GCs. Behavioural and in vivo recording experiments implicate hMCs in pattern separation, navigation and spatial learning. Our experiments link hMC intrinsic excitability to their synaptically evoked in vivo spiking outputs. We performed electrophysiological recordings from DG neurons and found that hMCs displayed an adaptative spike threshold that increased both in proportion to the intensity of injected currents, and in response to spiking itself, returning to baseline over a long time scale, thereby instantaneously limiting their firing rate responses. The hMC activity is additionally limited by a prominent medium after‐hyperpolarizing potential (AHP) generated by small conductance K+ channels. We hypothesize that these intrinsic hMC properties are responsible for their low in vivo firing rates. Our findings extend previous studies that compare hMCs, CA3 pyramidal cells and hilar inhibitory cells and provide novel quantitative data that contrast the intrinsic properties of these cell types. We developed a phenomenological exponential integrate‐and‐fire model that closely reproduces the hMC adaptive threshold nonlinearities with respect to their threshold dependence on input current intensity, evoked spike latency and long‐lasting spike‐induced increase in spike threshold. Our robust and computationally efficient model is amenable to incorporation into large network models of the DG that will deepen our understanding of the neural bases of pattern separation, spatial navigation and learning.
imageKey points
Previous studies have shown that hilar mossy cells (hMCs) are implicated in pattern separation and the formation of spatial memory, but how their intrinsic properties relate to their in vivo spiking patterns is still unknown.
Here we show that the hMCs display electrophysiological properties that distinguish them from the other hilar cell types including a highly adaptive spike threshold that decays slowly.
The spike‐dependent increase in threshold combined with an after‐hyperpolarizing potential mediated by a slow K+ conductance is hypothesized to be responsible for the low‐firing rate of the hMC observed in vivo.
The hMC's features are well captured by a modified stochastic exponential integrate‐and‐fire model that has the unique feature of a threshold intrinsically dependant on both the stimulus intensity and the spiking history.
This computational model will allow future work to study how the hMCs can contribute to spatial memory formation and navigation.