bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extensive assessment on the distribution pattern of organic contaminants in the aerosols samples in the Middle East
Authors: Orif Mohamed I. , El-Shahawi Mohammad S. , Ismail Iqbal M. I. , Rushdi Ahmed , Alshemmari Hassan , El-Sayed Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, in spite of a significant progress in indoor air quality (IAQ), an assessable and predictive understanding of atmospheric aerosol sources, chemical composition, transformation processes, and environmental effects are still rather incomplete and therefore signifies a key research challenge in the atmospheric science. Thus, the current comprehensive review is concerned with the dominant sources, organic compositions, and potential health impacts of the organic contaminants in the atmospheric particle matters (PMs) in the Middle East (ME). The ME contributes a major impact of organic contaminants on the atmosphere along with other Asian and African countries. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the communities are noted for being the center of the great majority of the world’s oil reserves and infrastructure for producing crude oil. The review starts with a historical outlook on the scientific queries regarding major source of organic contaminants to the atmospheric aerosols over the past centuries, followed by an explanation of the distribution, sources, transformation processes, and chemical and physical properties as they are formerly assumed. Natural product chemicals from biota, manufactured organic compounds including pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and lubricants, as well as organic compounds from the use and combustion of fossil fuels make up the aerosol contamination. Thus, in the recent years, IAQ may be seen as a significant health issue because of the increase in industrial activity. Fugitive emissions from industrial processes, as well as natural and anthropogenic emissions from other sources such as forest fires, volcanic eruptions, incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, wood, agricultural waste, or leaves, are typical sources of organic pollutants to the aerosol. In the spring and early summer in the GCC countries, aerosol concentration increases because of dust storms; however, in winter, there are fewer dust storms and higher precipitation rates, and aerosol concentrations are lower. Significances of future research and major suggestions are also outlined to narrow the gap between the present understanding of the contribution of both anthropogenic and biogenic aerosols to radiative forcing, resulting from the spatial nonuniformity, intermittency of sources, unresolved composition, and reactivity.
Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory proteins with atherosclerosis index in obese male subjects
Authors: Alizadeh Farhad , Mirzaie Bavil Fariba , Keyhanmanesh Rana , Lotfi Hajie , Ghiasi Fariba 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Investigation the association of pro-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β and IL- 10 expression, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1) inflammatory proteins with atherosclerosis index (homocysteine) in normal-weight and obese male subjects.

Methods
59 males including 30 obese (Body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2) and 29 normal-weight (BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) were joined to this study. Plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-10 (pg/mL), CRP (pg/mL), COX-2 (ng/mL), APOA1 (mg/dL), ABCA1 (ng/mL), HDL, Cholesterol, and Triglyceride (TG) (mg/dL), and homocysteine (µmol/L) was measured. Association of these biomarkers with homocysteine was determined.

Results
Obese subjects had higher serum levels of IL10, IL1β, CRP, COX-2, TG, and cholesterol concentrations (all p<0.05 except IL-10 and cholesterol) and low levels of HDL, APOA1, and ABCA1 (non-significant differences) in comparison to normal-weight group. Homocysteine levels were high in obese men with no significant differences between the two groups. In obese subjects, homocysteine had a significant inverse correlation with APOA1, ABCA1, and HDL, and a strong and moderate positive correlation was found with CRP and TG levels, respectively.

Conclusions
High level of homocysteine and its correlation with inflammation proteins and markers in obese subjects appear to be contributed with atherosclerosis development.
Individualized treatment rules under stochastic treatment cost constraints
Authors: Qiu Hongxiang , Carone Marco , Luedtke Alex 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEstimation and evaluation of individualized treatment rules have been studied extensively, but real-world treatment resource constraints have received limited attention in existing methods. We investigate a setting in which treatment is intervened upon based on covariates to optimize the mean counterfactual outcome under treatment cost constraints when the treatment cost is random. In a particularly interesting special case, an instrumental variable corresponding to encouragement to treatment is intervened upon with constraints on the proportion receiving treatment. For such settings, we first develop a method to estimate optimal individualized treatment rules. We further construct an asymptotically efficient plug-in estimator of the corresponding average treatment effect relative to a given reference rule.
Voltaire on Liberty
Authors: Wootton David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article sets forth Voltaire’s philosophy of liberty. Contrary to generally accepted readings, which take Voltaire at face value rather than considering the environment in which he wrote, Voltaire had a clear normative political thought. He was an early proponent of rule of law, ordered liberty, freedom of conscience and expression, and the right to prudent rebellion against tyranny. At the root of his political theory lay a rejection of slavery, and hence of all forms of subjugation.
Spin texture and chiral coupling of circularly polarized dipole field
Authors: Shi Yu , Kim Hong Koo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We show that a circularly polarized electric dipole harbors a near-field concentrated wave which orbits around with an energy flux significantly larger (five orders of magnitudes at ∼1 nm radial distance) than far-field radiation. This near-field wave is found to carry transverse spins and reveal skyrmion spin texture (Néel-type). By performing electromagnetic analysis and numerical simulation, we demonstrate chiral extraction of a near-field rotational energy flux: the confined energy flow is out-coupled to surface plasmons on metal surface, whose curvature is designed to provide orbital angular momentum matched to spin angular momentum of dipole field, that is, to facilitate spin–orbit interaction. Strong coupling occurs with high chiral selectivity (∼113) and Purcell enhancement (∼17) when both linear and angular momenta are matched between dipole field and surface plasmons. Existence of a high-intensity energy flux in the deep-bottom near-field region (r ∼ 1 nm) opens up an interesting avenue in altering fundamental properties of dipole emission. For example, extracting ∼1% of this flux would result in enhancing spontaneous emission rate by ∼1000 times.
A renewed perception of living environments after restrictions due to pandemic in Italy
Authors: Bartalucci Chiara , Bellomini Raffaella , Luzzi Sergio , Pulella Paola , Iannuzzi Giulia , Torelli Giulia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rapid habitual changes induced by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic first and the end of the most restrictive phase coinciding with the lock-down later resulted in significant changes, also occurred at an environmental level and, specifically, with regard to the perception of the soundscape in all European countries. The seek for knowledge underlying the research illustrated in this article concerned whether or not the perception of the soundscape following the almost normal resumption of daily activities had returned to that of the period before the restrictions came into force.
This article illustrates how an online questionnaire structured in 16 questions was designed and administered to a sample of Italian citizens, in order to understand whether and how the habits of the respondents had changed in the three reference time periods (before the pandemic spread, the period marked by lock-down or other restrictions in early 2020 and the period afterwards) and their perception of the perceived soundscape of the place where they spend most of their days. A total of around 70 questionnaires distributed throughout Italy were collected and analysed. The results obtained, through the use of descriptive statistical analyses and logistic models, are also presented in this article.
Production of vowel reduction by Jordanian–Arabic speakers of English: an acoustic study
Authors: Abu Guba Mohammed Nour , Mashaqba Bassil , Jarbou Samer , Al-Haj Eid Omar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the production of vowel reduction among Jordanian–Arabic speakers of English. Two groups of speakers, intermediate and advanced, and a control group of English native speakers were asked to read a story. The phonetic properties of reduced vowels, namely duration, intensity, F0, F1, and F2 were measured and compared as produced by the three groups. Results show that there were considerable differences in duration as the reduced vowels produced by the Arabic speakers exhibited longer duration values than those produced by the native speakers. Slight differences were attested between the two proficiency groups. Also, it was found that lower F0, but not intensity, was used by all groups to signal lack of stress. Results revealed that advanced Arabic speakers of English failed to produce English schwa in a native-like manner both in terms of quantity and quality.
Archives of Mass Violence: Understanding and Using ICTY Trial Records
Authors: Vukušić Iva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The most relevant collection for studying the wars accompanying the breakup of Yugoslavia, which resulted in over 130,000 dead or missing, is the archive of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. The Tribunal established by the UN Security Council in 1993 to prosecute genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes indicted 161 people and had accumulated millions of pages of testimony, military and police reports, and videos when it closed in late 2017. This invaluable record details the massacres and includes well-known incidents, such as the mass executions after the fall of Srebrenica, but also killings and torture elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia. This article investigates the history of this archive, analyzes its contents, and argues that the collection has two important features which present both a huge opportunity and a significant challenge for research—the immense volume of the archive, and a lack of access to important parts of it.
Photographic Archives and the Anthropology of Communism in Albania
Authors: de Rapper Gilles 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The communist period in Albania was a time of intense photographic production. Much more than in previous periods, photography was perceived by those in power as an indispensable tool while at the same time becoming accessible to almost the entire population. Many photographs from the time survived the end of the communist regime and can now be used to study the history and memory of that period. To be of historical value, however, the diversity of photographic genres and practices, as well as the history of the constitution of photographic archives demands consideration of the context of the production and circulation of photographs, and that is a primary objective of this article. The author shows how he conducted an ethnography of photography based on presentation of the current state of public and private collections, and how such investigation constitutes a contribution to the anthropology of communism in Albania.
Making Sense of Archives: An Introduction
Authors: Lučić Iva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This introduction to the thematic section “Making Sense of Archives” explores different archival terrains in Southeastern Europe. It discusses the politics of storage against the background of the processes of professionalization in the archival field, the provenance of funding for both storing and digitalizing archival collections, and the chronic lack of archival personnel. The author makes a plea for critical engagement with archival spaces by explicating the logics of the archiving processes of documents of different kinds and the dimensions of power immanent to them. Moreover, she argues that scholars need to reflect more critically on archivists’ mediating interventions, including appraisal, arrangement, processing, and description as a necessary complement to applied source criticism. Lastly, she locates the thematic section’s contributions within broader themes in the archival field, including knowledge management and blind spots in archives, the archival turn, the potentials and pitfalls of visual archives, and the study of documents as archival artefacts.
RNA-seq Analysis of the BCG Vaccine in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Jie , Mi Jie , Liang Yan , Wu Xueqiong , Zhang Junxian , Liu Yinping , Wang Lan , Xue Yong , Shi Yingchang , Gong Wenping , Wang Xinru 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
This study was aimed at screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and exploring the potential immune mechanism induced by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in a humanized mouse model.

Methods:
Candidate DEGs between mice vaccinated with BCG or injected with PBS were identified through transcriptomics, and their biological functions, signaling pathways, and protein interaction networks were analyzed through bioinformatics.

Results:
A total of 1035 DEGs were identified by transcriptomics: 398 up-regulated and 637 down-regulated. GO analysis indicated that these DEGs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion, oxygen transport, receptor complex, carbohydrate binding, serine-type endopeptidase activity, and peroxidase activity terms. KEGG analysis indicated that these DEGs were involved in the Rap1 signaling pathway, axon guidance, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that the Myc, Vegfa, and Itgb3 proteins had the highest aggregation degree, aggregation coefficient, and connectivity.

Conclusion:
The BCG vaccine induced 1035 DEGs in humanized mice. Among them, the differentially expressed down-regulated genes myc and itgb3 involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may play essential roles in the immune mechanism of the BCG vaccine.
Age-Related Changes in Risky Decision Making and Associated Neural Circuitry in a Rat Model
Authors: Orsini Caitlin A. , Pyon Wonn S. , Dragone Richard J. , Faraji Mojdeh , Wheeler Alexa-Rae , Pompilus Marjory , Febo Marcelo , Bizon Jennifer L. , Setlow Barry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAltered decision making at advanced ages can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life and the ability to maintain personal independence. Relative to young adults, older adults make less impulsive and less risky choices; although these changes in decision making could be considered beneficial, they can also lead to choices with potentially negative consequences (e.g., avoidance of medical procedures). Rodent models of decision making have been invaluable for dissecting cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to age-related changes in decision making, but they have predominantly used costs related to timing or probability of reward delivery and have not considered other equally important costs, such as the risk of adverse consequences. The current study therefore used a rat model of decision making involving risk of explicit punishment to examine age-related changes in this form of choice behavior in male rats, and to identify potential cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to these changes. Relative to young rats, aged rats displayed greater risk aversion, which was not attributable to reduced motivation for food, changes in shock sensitivity, or impaired cognitive flexibility. Functional MRI analyses revealed that, overall, functional connectivity was greater in aged rats compared with young rats, particularly among brain regions implicated in risky decision making such as basolateral amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. Collectively, these findings are consistent with greater risk aversion found in older humans, and reveal age-related changes in brain connectivity.
A critical period of prehearing spontaneous Ca2+ spiking is required for hair‐bundle maintenance in inner hair cells
Authors: Carlton Adam J , Jeng Jing‐Yi , Grandi Fiorella C , De Faveri Francesca , Ceriani Federico , De Tomasi Lara , Underhill Anna , Johnson Stuart L , Legan Kevin P , Kros Corné J , Richardson Guy P , Mustapha Mirna , Marcotti Walter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSensory‐independent Ca2+ spiking regulates the development of mammalian sensory systems. In the immature cochlea, inner hair cells (IHCs) fire spontaneous Ca2+ action potentials (APs) that are generated either intrinsically or by intercellular Ca2+ waves in the nonsensory cells. The extent to which either or both of these Ca2+ signalling mechansims are required for IHC maturation is unknown. We find that intrinsic Ca2+ APs in IHCs, but not those elicited by Ca2+ waves, regulate the maturation and maintenance of the stereociliary hair bundles. Using a mouse model in which the potassium channel Kir2.1 is reversibly overexpressed in IHCs (Kir2.1‐OE), we find that IHC membrane hyperpolarization prevents IHCs from generating intrinsic Ca2+ APs but not APs induced by Ca2+ waves. Absence of intrinsic Ca2+ APs leads to the loss of mechanoelectrical transduction in IHCs prior to hearing onset due to progressive loss or fusion of stereocilia. RNA‐sequencing data show that pathways involved in morphogenesis, actin filament‐based processes, and Rho‐GTPase signaling are upregulated in Kir2.1‐OE mice. By manipulating in vivo expression of Kir2.1 channels, we identify a “critical time period” during which intrinsic Ca2+ APs in IHCs regulate hair‐bundle function.
Jacob‐induced transcriptional inactivation of CREB promotes Aβ‐induced synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Grochowska Katarzyna M , Gomes Guilherme M , Raman Rajeev , Kaushik Rahul , Sosulina Liudmila , Kaneko Hiroshi , Oelschlegel Anja M , Yuanxiang PingAn , Reyes‐Resina Irene , Bayraktar Gonca , Samer Sebastian , Spilker Christina , Woo Marcel S , Morawski Markus , Goldschmidt Jürgen , Friese Manuel A , Rossner Steffen , Navarro Gemma , Remy Stefan , Reissner Carsten , Karpova Anna , Kreutz Michael R 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSynaptic dysfunction caused by soluble β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is a hallmark of early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is tightly linked to cognitive decline. By yet unknown mechanisms, Aβ suppresses the transcriptional activity of cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB), a master regulator of cell survival and plasticity‐related gene expression. Here, we report that Aβ elicits nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Jacob, a protein that connects a NMDA‐receptor‐derived signalosome to CREB, in AD patient brains and mouse hippocampal neurons. Aβ‐regulated trafficking of Jacob induces transcriptional inactivation of CREB leading to impairment and loss of synapses in mouse models of AD. The small chemical compound Nitarsone selectively hinders the assembly of a Jacob/LIM‐only 4 (LMO4)/ Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) signalosome and thereby restores CREB transcriptional activity. Nitarsone prevents impairment of synaptic plasticity as well as cognitive decline in mouse models of AD. Collectively, the data suggest targeting Jacob protein‐induced CREB shutoff as a therapeutic avenue against early synaptic dysfunction in AD.
Pediatric Edible Cannabis Exposures and Acute Toxicity: 2017–2021
Authors: Tweet Marit S. , Nemanich Antonia , Wahl Michael 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES
This study evaluates trends in pediatric cannabis edible ingestions in children younger than age 6 years with regard to toxicity, medical outcome, and health care utilization for the years 2017–2021.

METHODS
We performed retrospective analysis of the National Poison Data System data for pediatric exposures to edible cannabis products in children &lt;6 years from 2017 to 2021. Data were analyzed quantitatively with a focus on incidence, common clinical effects, medical outcomes, health care utilization, and changes in acute toxicity between the pre-COVID years (2017–2019) to the COVID years (2020–2021).

RESULTS
There were 7043 exposures reported during 2017–2021. In 2017, there were 207 reported cases, and in 2021 there were 3054 cases, an increase of 1375.0%. Most exposures (97.7%) occurred in a residential setting. Seventy percent of cases followed to a known outcome were reported to have central nervous system depression. Of all reported cases, 22.7% of patients were admitted to the hospital. There was a significant increase in both ICU and non-ICU admissions, whereas the number of patients treated and released decreased when comparing the pre-COVID years (2017–2019) to the COVID years (2020–2021) (P &lt; .05). Major and moderate effects also significantly increased during the prepandemic years compared with the 2 years during the pandemic (P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS
There has been a consistent increase in pediatric edible cannabis exposures over the past 5 years, with the potential for significant toxicity. It is important for providers to be aware of this in their practice and it presents an important opportunity for education and prevention.
Racial Inequity in High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Fraiman Yarden S. , Edwards Erika M. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Mercier Charles E. , Soll Roger F. , Litt Jonathan S. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESHigh-risk infant follow-up programs (HRIFs) are a recommended standard of care for all extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants to help mitigate known risks to long-term health and development. However, participation is variable, with known racial and ethnic inequities, though hospital-level drivers of inequity remain unknown. We conducted a study using a large, multicenter cohort of ELBW infants to explore within- and between-hospital inequities in HRIF participation.METHODSVermont Oxford Network collected data on 19 503 ELBW infants born between 2006 and 2017 at 58 US hospitals participating in the ELBW Follow-up Project. Primary outcome was evaluation in HRIF at 18 to 24 months’ corrected age. The primary predictor was infant race and ethnicity, defined as maternal race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American, other). We used generalized linear mixed models to test within- and between-hospital variation and inequities in HRIF participation.RESULTSAmong the 19 503 infants, 44.7% (interquartile range 31.1–63.3) were seen in HRIF. Twenty six percent of the total variation in HRIF participation rates was due to between-hospital variation. In adjusted models, Black infants had significantly lower odds of HRIF participation compared with white infants (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.83). The within-hospital effect of race varied significantly between hospitals.CONCLUSIONSThere are significant racial inequities in HRIF participation, with notable variation within and between hospitals. Further study is needed to identify potential hospital-level targets for interventions to reduce this inequity.