bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A market for citizenships: Should citizenship be commodified?
Authors: Bengtsson Ingemar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStarting from the assumption that citizenship is property that would be more valuable if it were transferable, the paper explores the idea of commodification of citizenship. The paper provides arguments in favor of commodification and recommendations to how the market for citizenships should be designed. A market for citizenships could result in an improved matching between employer and employee when citizens swap citizenship with each other. Successful States could issue new citizenships and thus make it possible for a greater share of the world population to live and work within the countries with the best institutions. The combined effect would be a higher global productivity. Additionally, market prices on citizenships would provide information on institutional quality and thus provide politicians with information on voters' preferences as well as voters with information on the quality of the work of the government. The market value of a tradable citizenship is also found to be a candidate as tax base for a redistributive tax on a global level that could address some of the inherent inequality with birthright citizenships. Those potential benefits aside, several problems with a market for citizenship are also found and discussed, among those the age‐dependent value of citizenships.
Outgrowing representationalism: Semantic remarks on Tracy Llanera's Richard Rorty: Outgrowing modern nihilism
Authors: Huetter‐Almerigi Yvonne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article provides a semantic reading of Tracy Llanera's brilliant book Richard Rorty: Outgrowing Modern Nihilism. Llanera is reframing the debate of how to react to the malaise of modern nihilism by proposing a change of metaphor: instead of trying to “overcome” nihilism, we should try to “outgrow” nihilism. This article invites Llanera to shed more light on her project with respect to the semantic categories of realism and representationalism, and with respect to the growing field of conceptual engineering. Can Llanera's project be fruitfully understood as engineering the concepts of “transcendence” and “redemption”? How much of the project hangs on the idea that language does not represent but is rather a tool that helps us fulfill our varying needs? How neat is the entanglement of semantic and existential meaning?
Emerging subcutaneous mycoses by opportunistic filamentous fungi: A retrospective study in Northwest Spain
Authors: Taibo Ana , Seoane Estévez Alejandro , Martínez Campayo Nieves , Rodríguez Mayo María , Arévalo Bermúdez María del Pilar , Fonseca Eduardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous mycoses caused by opportunistic filamentous fungi are emerging infections in developed countries due to the longer survival of immunocompromised patients. The evidence published in relation to subcutaneous mycoses is fundamentally based on case reports and small case series.MethodsWe performed an observational retrospective study of subcutaneous mycoses caused by opportunistic filamentous fungi diagnosed at our institution between 2017 and 2022. This study aims to estimate the incidence rate of subcutaneous mycoses, identify which fungal species are involved, and analyse which clinical variables predispose to infection and if any are associated with mortality.ResultsFifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 61 years (range 27–84), and 80% of them were males. Alternaria spp. were the most common fungi. Two other organisms were frequently isolated: Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium solani. Among patients infected with F. solani, 66.7% died. The most common clinical presentation was suppurative nodules in the lower limbs and the main risk factors for infection were immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, previous trauma and transplantation, but they were not particularly associated with increased mortality. A statistically significant association with mortality was only found in the case of positive blood culture (p = <.001).ConclusionsPhaeohyphomycosis has a lower risk of dissemination, especially when compared to subcutaneous mycoses caused by hyalohyphomycetes. It is important to convey the severity of these skin infections to the physicians involved in the treatment and follow‐up of susceptible patients to avoid misdiagnosis and delays in the treatment, especially in the case of hyalohyphomycosis.
Climbing mechanisms and the diversification of neotropical climbing plants across time and space
Authors: Sperotto Patrícia , Roque Nádia , Acevedo‐Rodríguez Pedro , Vasconcelos Thaís 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Climbers germinate on the ground but need external support to sustain their stems, which are maintained attached to supports through modified organs, that is, climbing mechanisms. Specialized climbing mechanisms have been linked to higher diversification rates. Also, different mechanisms may have different support diameter restrictions, which might influence climbers' spatial distribution.

We test these assumptions by linking climbing mechanisms to the spatiotemporal diversification of neotropical climbers. A dataset of climbing mechanisms is presented for 9071 species. WCVP was used to standardize species names, map geographical distributions, and estimate diversification rates of lineages with different mechanisms.

Twiners appear concentrated in the Dry Diagonal of South America and climbers with adhesive roots in the Chocó region and Central America. However, climbing mechanisms do not significantly influence the distribution of neotropical climbers. Also, we found no strong support for correlations between specialized climbing mechanisms and higher diversification rates.

Climbing mechanisms do not strongly impact the spatiotemporal diversification of neotropical climbers on a macroevolutionary scale. We argue that the climbing habit is a synnovation, meaning the spatiotemporal diversification it promotes is due to the sum effect of all the habit's traits rather than isolated traits, such as climbing mechanisms.
Compositional shifts associated with major evolutionary transitions in plants
Authors: Smith Stephen A. , Walker‐Hale Nathanael , Parins‐Fukuchi Charles Tomomi 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Heterogeneity in gene trees, morphological characters, and composition has been associated with several major plant clades. Here, we examine heterogeneity in composition across a large transcriptomic dataset of plants to better understand whether locations of shifts in composition are shared across gene regions and whether directions of shifts within clades are shared across gene regions.
We estimate mixed models of composition for both nucleotide and amino acids across a recent large‐scale transcriptomic dataset for plants.
We find shifts in composition across both nucleotide and amino acid datasets, with more shifts detected in nucleotides. We find that Chlorophytes and lineages within experience the most shifts. However, many shifts occur at the origins of land, vascular, and seed plants. While genes in these clades do not typically share the same composition, they tend to shift in the same direction. We discuss potential causes of these patterns.
Compositional heterogeneity has been highlighted as a potential problem for phylogenetic analysis, but the variation presented here highlights the need to further investigate these patterns for the signal of biological processes.
Gold‐FISH enables targeted NanoSIMS analysis of plant‐associated bacteria
Authors: Schmidt Hannes , Gorka Stefan , Seki David , Schintlmeister Arno , Woebken Dagmar 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Bacteria colonize plant roots and engage in reciprocal interactions with their hosts. However, the contribution of individual taxa or groups of bacteria to plant nutrition and fitness is not well characterized due to a lack of in situ evidence of bacterial activity.
To address this knowledge gap, we developed an analytical approach that combines the identification and localization of individual bacteria on root surfaces via gold‐based in situ hybridization with correlative NanoSIMS imaging of incorporated stable isotopes, indicative of metabolic activity.
We incubated Kosakonia strain DS‐1‐associated, gnotobiotically grown rice plants with 15N–N2 gas to detect in situ N2 fixation activity. Bacterial cells along the rhizoplane showed heterogeneous patterns of 15N enrichment, ranging from the natural isotope abundance levels up to 12.07 at% 15N (average and median of 3.36 and 2.85 at% 15N, respectively, n = 697 cells).
The presented correlative optical and chemical imaging analysis is applicable to a broad range of studies investigating plant–microbe interactions. For example, it enables verification of the in situ metabolic activity of host‐associated commercialized strains or plant growth‐promoting bacteria, thereby disentangling their role in plant nutrition. Such data facilitate the design of plant–microbe combinations for improvement of crop management.
Compensation Characteristics of Spinal Sagittal Malalignment According to Pelvic Incidence in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Wang Dong‐Fan , Li Xiang‐Yu , Wang Wei , Li Yong‐Jin , Kong Chao , Lu Shi‐Bao 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveCompensation characteristics of spinal sagittal malalignment according to pelvic incidence (PI) have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the difference in compensatory segments according to PI in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).MethodsThis retrospective study included 196 patients (143 females, 53 males) suffering from DLSS with an average age of 66.73 years in our department. Sagittal parameters were obtained on the whole spinal lateral radiograph, including T1‐T12 slope (T1S‐T12S), Cobb angle (CA) of the functional units of the thoracic spine, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), PI, the ratio of PT to PI (PT/PI), PI minus LL mismatch (PI‐LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Patients were divided into the low and high PI groups according to the median value of PI. With reference to the value of SVA and PI‐LL, each PI group was further grouped into the balance subgroup (SVA < 50 mm, PI‐LL ≤10°), hidden imbalance subgroup (SVA < 50 mm, PI‐LL > 10°), and imbalance subgroup (SVA ≥50 mm). Independent samples t‐test/Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA/Kruskal‐Wallis test, and Person correlation analysis were utilized for statistical test.ResultsThe median value of PI was 47.65°. 96 and 100 patients were assigned to low and high PI groups, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the T8‐T12 slope and T10‐T12 slope were associated with PI‐LL in the high and low PI groups, respectively (all, p < 0.01). For segmental lordosis, T8‐9 to T11‐12 CA and T10‐11 to T11‐12 CA were associated with PI‐LL in the high and low PI groups, respectively (all, p < 0.01). In the high PI cohort, T8‐12 CA and PT increased significantly from the balance to imbalance subgroups (both, p < 0.05). In the low PI cohort, T10‐12 CA and PT first increased and then decreased from the balance to imbalance subgroups (both, p < 0.05).ConclusionT8‐12 was the main compensatory segment of the thoracic spine in patients with high PI, while it was T10‐12 in patients with low PI. In addition, the compensation potential of the lower thoracic spine and pelvis in patients with low PI was inferior to those with high PI.
The contralateral oblique fluoroscopic view is associated with a lower incidence of postdural puncture headache in patients undergoing percutaneous spinal cord stimulation
Authors: Madan Elena , Hussain Nasir , Gill Jatinder S. , Simopoulos Thomas T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive therapy that is increasingly used to treat refractory neuropathic pain. Although this technique has a low incidence of serious long‐term adverse sequelae, the risk of complications such as inadvertent dural puncture remains.ObjectivesThe goal of this article was to determine the impact of the contralateral oblique (CLO) fluoroscopic view incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) during spinal cord stimulator implantation as compared to lateral fluoroscopic view.MethodsThis was a single academic institution retrospective analysis of electronic medical records spanning an approximate 20‐year time period. Operative and postoperative notes were reviewed for details on dural puncture, including technique and spinal level of access, the development of a PDPH, and subsequent management.ResultsOver nearly two decades, a total of 1637 leads inserted resulted in 5 PDPH that were refractory to conservative measures but responded to epidural blood patch without long‐term complications. The incidence of PDPH per lead insertion utilizing loss of resistance and lateral fluoroscopic guidance was 0.8% (4/489). However, adoption of CLO guidance was associated with a lower rate of PDPH at 0.08% (1/1148), p < 0.02.ConclusionsThe incorporation of the CLO view to guide epidural needle placement can decrease the odds of a PDPH during percutaneous SCS procedures. This study further provides real‐world data supporting the potential enhanced accuracy of epidural needle placement in order to avoid unintentional puncture or trauma to deeper spinal anatomic structures.
Efficient proteome‐wide identification of transcription factors targeting Glu‐1: A case study for functional validation of TaB3‐2A1 in wheat
Authors: Xie Lina , Liu Siyang , Zhang Yong , Tian Wenfei , Xu Dengan , Li Jihu , Luo Xumei , Li Lingli , Bian Yingjie , Li Faji , Hao Yuanfeng , He Zhonghu , Xia Xianchun , Song Xiyue , Cao Shuanghe 
Published: June 2023

SummaryHigh‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS), a major component of seed storage proteins (SSP) in wheat, largely determine processing quality. HMW‐GS encoded by GLU‐1 loci are mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis‐elements and transcription factors (TFs). We previously identified a conserved cis‐regulatory module CCRM1‐1 as the most essential cis‐element for Glu‐1 endosperm‐specific high expression. However, the TFs targeting CCRM1‐1 remained unknown. Here, we built the first DNA pull‐down plus liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry platform in wheat and identified 31 TFs interacting with CCRM1‐1. TaB3‐2A1 as proof of concept was confirmed to bind to CCRM1‐1 by yeast one hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Transactivation experiments demonstrated that TaB3‐2A1 repressed CCRM1‐1‐driven transcription activity. TaB3‐2A1 overexpression significantly reduced HMW‐GS and other SSP, but enhanced starch content. Transcriptome analyses confirmed that enhanced expression of TaB3‐2A1 down‐regulated SSP genes and up‐regulated starch synthesis‐related genes, such as TaAGPL3, TaAGPS2, TaGBSSI, TaSUS1 and TaSUS5, suggesting that it is an integrator modulating the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. TaB3‐2A1 also had significant effects on agronomic traits, including heading date, plant height and grain weight. We identified two major haplotypes of TaB3‐2A1 and found that TaB3‐2A1‐Hap1 conferred lower seed protein content, but higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than TaB3‐2A1‐Hap2 and was subjected to positive selection in a panel of elite wheat cultivars. These findings provide a high‐efficiency tool to detect TFs binding to targeted promoters, considerable gene resources for dissecting regulatory mechanisms underlying Glu‐1 expression, and a useful gene for wheat improvement.
Sugar starvation activates the OsSnRK1a‐OsbHLH111/OsSGI1‐OsTPP7 module to mediate growth inhibition of rice
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Mengqi , Zhang Bo , Chang Yanpeng , An Shiheng , Zhao Wenli 
Published: June 2023

SummarySugar deficiency is the persistent challenge for plants during development. Trehalose‐6‐phosphate (T6P) is recognized as a key regulator in balancing plant sugar homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sugar starvation limits plant development are unclear. Here, a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor (OsbHLH111) was named starvation‐associated growth inhibitor 1 (OsSGI1) and the focus is on the sugar shortage of rice. The transcript and protein levels of OsSGI1 were markedly increased during sugar starvation. The knockout mutants sgi1‐1/2/3 exhibited increased grain size and promoted seed germination and vegetative growth, which were opposite to those of overexpression lines. The direct binding of OsSGI1 to sucrose non‐fermenting‐1 (SNF1)‐related protein kinase 1a (OsSnRK1a) was enhanced during sugar shortage. Subsequently, OsSnRK1a‐dependent phosphorylation of OsSGI1 enhanced the direct binding to the E‐box of trehalose 6‐phosphate phosphatase 7 (OsTPP7) promoter, thus rose the transcription inhibition on OsTPP7, then elevated trehalose 6‐phosphate (Tre6P) content but decreased sucrose content. Meanwhile, OsSnRK1a degraded phosphorylated‐OsSGI1 by proteasome pathway to prevent the cumulative toxicity of OsSGI1. Overall, we established the OsSGI1‐OsTPP7‐Tre6P loop with OsSnRK1a as center and OsSGI1 as forward, which is activated by sugar starvation to regulate sugar homeostasis and thus inhibits rice growth.
The natural history of periodontal disease: The Java study—Origin, implementation, and results 35 years on
Authors: Van der Velden Ubele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis review describes the origin and results of the prospective longitudinal study to test potential prognostic indicators for periodontal breakdown in a population deprived of regular dental care. Experimental gingivitis studies in individuals highly susceptible or highly resistant to periodontitis showed that bleeding on probing developed quite differently: 50% versus 18% bleeding, respectively, after 18 days of no oral hygiene. This formed, together with other clinical and microbiological parameters, the basis for the 15‐year prospective study in the Java tea worker population to test potential prognostic indicators for periodontal breakdown. Evaluation showed that during the 15‐year observation period of this population aged 15‐25 years at baseline, the number of teeth decreased and the periodontal condition deteriorated. Gingival recession showed no increase during the first 7 years of observation, whereas a sixfold increase had occurred thereafter. Attachment loss doubled during the first 7 years, but almost tripled thereafter. Risk markers for disease onset/progression during the first 7 years of observation were age, the number of sites with subgingival calculus, and the subgingival presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Over the full period of 15 years the number of sites with a pocket depth of at least 5 mm and the number of sites with recession were identified as risk markers and male gender as a risk determinant. The prevalence of severe periodontitis amounted to 20% in 2002. Analysis showed that, already at baseline and throughout the study period, the periodontal condition in these individuals was more severe compared with the other participants. In conclusion, characteristics of susceptibility to periodontitis are already apparent in young adulthood.
Extraterritorial trade sanctions: Theory and application to the US–Iran–EU conflict
Authors: Janeba Eckhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnder extraterritorial sanctions the sanctioning country extends its policies to trade of third countries with the sanctioned country. An example is President Trump's decision in 2018 to leave the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), a multilateral agreement with Iran. In this article, I develop a game‐theoretic model to explain the emergence of extraterritorial sanctions. Such trade sanctions (i) do not arise when the harmful activity of the sanctioned country (“build a nuclear bomb”) is verifiable even if monetary transfers are ruled out, but (ii) emerge if a second activity (“sponsor international terrorism”) is not verifiable, and the sanctioning countries differ in their gains from trade with the sanctioned country, their harm from the non‐verifiable activity, and their cost from abandoning the international economic order. In the context of the US–Iran–EU conflict, I argue that the oil and gas fracking boom in the US together with former President Trump's ignorance of his international reputation are key factors in the emergence of extraterritorial trade sanctions.
Effects of out‐of‐school physical activity interventions based on self‐determination theory in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tapia‐Serrano Miguel Á. , López‐Gajardo Miguel A. , Sánchez‐Miguel Pedro A. , González‐Ponce Inmaculada , García‐Calvo Tomás , Pulido Juan J. , Leo Francisco M. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effects of out‐of‐school physical activity (PA) interventions, based on Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), on basic psychological needs (BPN), motivation toward PA, and PA levels in youths.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analyses.MethodWe searched for intervention studies examining the effects of PA interventions based on SDT implemented outside the school published in English and Spanish in six electronic databases up to January 2022.ResultsOutcomes of interest were BPN, motivation, and PA levels. In total, nine studies were included in this review. Seven individual meta‐analyses were conducted for each variable, revealing nonsignificant clustered effects for the outcomes autonomy satisfaction (g = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.31, 0.55]), competence satisfaction (g = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.28, 0.32]), relatedness satisfaction (g = 0.13, 95% CI [−0.43, 0.68]), autonomous motivation (g = 0.15, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.67]), controlled motivation (g = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.32, 0.55]), amotivation (g = −0.36, 95% CI [−0.88, 0.16]), and PA behavior (g = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.08, 0.12]).ConclusionMeta‐analyses suggest that out‐of‐school PA interventions based on SDT are not effective in increasing levels of needs satisfaction, types of motivation, and PA levels.
Exploring artificial intelligence from a clinical perspective: A comparison and application analysis of two facial age predictors trained on a large‐scale Chinese cosmetic patient database
Authors: Zhang Meng M. , Di Wen J. , Song Tao , Yin Ning B. , Wang Yong Q. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAge prediction powered by artificial intelligence (AI) can be used as an objective technique to assess the cosmetic effect of rejuvenation surgery. Existing age‐estimation models are trained on public datasets with the Caucasian race as the main reference, thus they are impractical for clinical application in Chinese patients.MethodsTo develop and select an age‐estimation model appropriate for Chinese patients receiving rejuvenation treatment, we obtained a face database of 10 529 images from 1821 patients from the author's hospital and selected two representative age‐estimation algorithms for the model training. The prediction accuracies and the interpretability of calculation logic of these two facial age predictors were compared and analyzed.ResultsThe mean absolute error (MAE) of a traditional support vector machine‐learning model was 10.185 years; the proportion of absolute error ≤6 years was 35.90% and 68.50% ≤12 years. The MAE of a deep‐learning model based on the VGG‐16 framework was 3.011 years; the proportion of absolute error ≤6 years was 90.20% and 100% ≤12 years. Compared with deep learning, traditional machine‐learning models have clearer computational logic, which allows them to give clinicians more specific treatment recommendations.ConclusionExperimental results show that deep‐learning exceeds traditional machine learning in the prediction of Chinese cosmetic patients' age. Although traditional machine learning model has better interpretability than deep‐learning model, deep‐learning is more accurate for clinical quantitative evaluation. Knowing the decision‐making logic behind the accurate prediction of deep‐learning is crucial for deeper clinical application, and requires further exploration.