bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of phytochemicals in prediabetic patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kiani Zahra , Amini Sepide , Askari Gholamreza , Kesharwani Prashant , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effect of phytochemical consumption on the cardiometabolic parameters of prediabetic patients. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to June 2022 to find randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of phytochemicals alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals on prediabetic patients. Twenty‐three studies with 31 treatment arms comprising 2177 individuals were included in this study. Totally, in 21 arms, phytochemicals had positive effects on at least one measured cardiometabolic factor. In 13 out of 25 arms, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and in 10 out of 22 arms, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) significantly decreased compared with the control group. Furthermore, phytochemicals had beneficial effects on 2‐h postprandial and postprandial glucose, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance as well as inflammatory factors including high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6). Triglyceride (TG) was the abundant improved factor in the lipid profile. However, no sufficient evidence for notable positive effects of phytochemicals on blood pressure and anthropometry indices was observed. Phytochemical supplementation may have beneficial impacts on prediabetic patients by ameliorating glycemic status.
Long‐Cycling‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Using Binary Metal Sulfide Hybrid Nanocages as Anode
Authors: Huang Xiaofei , Tao Kehao , Han Tianli , Li Jinjin , Zhang Huigang , Hu Chaoquan , Niu Junjie , Liu Jinyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the relatively high capacity and lower cost, transition metal sulfides (TMS) as anode show promising potential in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a binary metal sulfide hybrid consisting of carbon encapsulated CoS/Cu2S nanocages (CoS/Cu2S@C‐NC) is constructed. The interlocked hetero‐architecture filled with conductive carbon accelerates the Na+/e− transfer, thus leading to improved electrochemical kinetics. Also the protective carbon layer can provide better volume accommondation upon charging/discharging. As a result, the battery with CoS/Cu2S@C‐NC as anode displays a high capacity of 435.3 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 (≈3.4 C). Under a higher rate of 10.0 A g−1 (≈17 C), a capacity of as high as 347.2 mAh g−1 is still remained after long 2300 cycles. The capacity decay per cycle is only 0.017%. The battery also exhibits a better temperature tolerance at 50 and −5 °C. A low internal impedance analyzed by X‐ray diffraction patterns and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, narrow band gap, and high density of states obtained by first‐principle calculations of the binary sulfides, ensure the rapid Na+/e− transport. The long‐cycling‐life SIB using binary metal sulfide hybrid nanocages as anode shows promising applications in versatile electronic devices.
Heterostructured Interface Enables Uniform Zinc Deposition for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Zhenjing , Yin Kuibo , Pan Rui , Zhang Guoju , Cui Fuhan , Luo Kailin , Xiong Yuwei , Sun Litao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZinc metal has considerable potential as a high‐energy anode material for aqueous batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness. However, dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface remain two serious problems for the Zn metal anode. Here, the heterostructured interface of ZnO rod array and CuZn5 layer is fabricated on the Zn substrate (ZnCu@Zn) to address these two issues. The zincophilic CuZn5 layer with abundant nucleation sites ensures the initial uniform Zn nucleation process during cycling. Meanwhile, the ZnO rod array grown on the surface of the CuZn5 layer can guide the subsequent homogeneous Zn deposition via spatial confinement and electrostatic attraction effects, leading to the dendrite‐free Zn electrodeposition process. Consequently, the derived ZnCu@Zn anode exhibits an ultra‐long lifespan of up to 2500 h with symmetric cells at the current density and capacity of 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mA h cm−2. Besides, a remarkable cyclability (75% retention for 2500 cycles at 2 A g−1) is achieved in the ZnCu@Zn||MnO2 full cell with a capacity of 139.7 mA h g−1. This heterostructured interface with specific functional layers provides a feasible strategy for the design of high‐performance metal anodes.
Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease via the Metabolic Fingerprint in Saliva by Deep Learning
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Lina , Cai Guoen , Gao Ming , Chen Yifan , Pu Jun , Chen Xiaochun , Liu Ning , Ye Qinyong , Qian Kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second cause of the neurodegenerative disorder, affecting over 6 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that population aging will cause global PD prevalence to double in the coming 30 years. Optimal management of PD shall start at diagnosis and requires both a timely and accurate method. Conventional PD diagnosis needs observations and clinical signs assessment, which are time‐consuming and low‐throughput. A lack of body fluid diagnostic biomarkers for PD has been a significant challenge, although substantial progress has been made in genetic and imaging marker development. Herein, a platform that noninvasively collects saliva metabolic fingerprinting (SMF) by nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry with high‐reproducibility and high‐throughput, using ultra‐small sample volume (down to 10 nL), is developed. Further, excellent diagnostic performance is achieved with an area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.8496 (95% CI: 0.7393–0.8625) by constructing deep learning model from 312 participants. In conclusion, an alternative solution is provided for the molecular diagnostics of PD with SMF and metabolic biomarker screening for therapeutic intervention.
Late first‐trimester ultrasound findings can alter management after high‐risk NIPT result
Authors: Scott F. , Smet M.‐E. , Elhindi J. , Mogra R. , Sunderland L. , Ferreira A. , Menezes M. , Meagher S. , McLennan A. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of detailed late first‐trimester ultrasound (LFTU) on the positive predictive value (PPV) of a high‐risk non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) result for various chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all cases undergoing invasive prenatal testing from three tertiary providers of obstetric ultrasound over 4 years, each using NIPT as a first‐line screening test. Data were collected from pre‐NIPT ultrasound, NIPT, LFTU, placental serology and later ultrasound examinations. Prenatal testing for chromosomal abnormalities was performed by microarray, initially using array comparative genomic hybridization and then single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for the last 2 years. Uniparental disomy testing was performed by SNP array during all 4 years. The majority of NIPT tests were analyzed using the Illumina platform, initially confined to the assessment of the common autosomal trisomies, sex chromosome aneuploidies and rare autosomal trisomies (RAT), then extending to genome‐wide analysis for the last 2 years.ResultsAmniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed on 2657 patients, 1352 (51%) of whom had undergone prior NIPT, with 612 (45%) of these returning a high‐risk result and meeting the inclusion criteria for the study. LFTU findings significantly affected the PPV of the NIPT result for trisomies 13 (T13), 18 (T18) and 21 (T21), monosomy X (MX) and RAT but not for the other sex chromosomal abnormalities or segmental imbalances (> 7 Mb). Abnormal LFTU increased the PPV close to 100% for T13, T18, T21, MX and RAT. The magnitude of the change in PPV was highest for the most severe chromosomal abnormalities. When LFTU was normal, the incidence of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) was highest in those with a high‐risk NIPT result for T13, followed by T18 and T21. After normal LFTU, the PPV for T21, T18, T13 and MX decreased to 68%, 57%, 5% and 25%, respectively.ConclusionsLFTU after a high‐risk NIPT result can alter the PPV for many chromosomal abnormalities, assisting counseling regarding invasive prenatal testing and pregnancy management. The high PPVs of NIPT for T21 and T18 are not sufficiently modified by normal LFTU findings to alter management. These at‐risk patients should be offered CVS for earlier diagnosis, particularly given the low rate of CPM associated with these aneuploidies. Patients with a high‐risk NIPT result for T13 and normal LFTU findings often wait for amniocentesis or avoid invasive testing altogether given the low PPV and higher rate of CPM in this context. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Road Network Representation Learning with Vehicle Trajectories
Authors: Schestakov Stefan , Heinemeyer Paul , Demidova Elena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpatio-temporal traffic patterns reflecting the mobility behavior of road users are essential for learning effective general-purpose road representations. Such patterns are largely neglected in state-of-the-art road representation learning, mainly focusing on modeling road topology and static road features. Incorporating traffic patterns into road network representation learning is particularly challenging due to the complex relationship between road network structure and mobility behavior of road users. In this paper, we present TrajRNE – a novel trajectory-based road embedding model incorporating vehicle trajectory information into road network representation learning. Our experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that TrajRNE outperforms state-of-the-art road representation learning baselines on various downstream tasks.
A Composite Indicator to Describe Digital Technology in Europe
Authors: Tebala Domenico , Marino Domenico , Bianchino Antonella 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe “Digital Europe” program is a central element of the Commission's comprehensive response to the challenge of digital transformation and is included in the proposal on the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for the period 2021–2027. Its aim is to provide a spending instrument adapted to the operational requirements of capacity building in the areas identified by the European Council, as well as to exploit the synergies between them. The program aims, among other things, to develop and strengthen basic skills in artificial intelligence, such as data resources and archives of artificial intelligence algorithms and make them accessible to all enterprises and public administrations; ensure that the essential capabilities needed to secure the EU's digital economy, society and democracy are available and accessible to the EU public sector and businesses, as well as improve the competitiveness of the EU cybersecurity industry; expand the optimal use of digital capabilities, in particular high-performance computing, artificial intelligence and cyber-security, in all sectors of the economy, in sectors of public interest and in society, including the implementation of interoperable solutions in areas of public interest, as well as facilitating access to technology and know-how for all enterprises.To better understand the phenomenon, this study aims to analyse the use of digital technology among European enterprises through a composite index of artificial intelligence (AI) and information technologies (ICT) (using the Wellness Methodology Fair and Sustainable) to measure the territorial gaps and to know the European countries more or less inclined to use it.For this purpose, this contribution develops with the following structure:

description of the theoretical reference framework and the indicators used to regard “artificial intelligence” and “information technologies”;

description of the methodology for the construction of the composite indicator;

description of the results, also through a geo-referenced map of European countries willing to use digital technology;

conclusions
Transcriptional changes in multiple endocrine organs from lethal cases of COVID-19
Authors: Poma Anello Marcello , Bonuccelli Diana , Macerola Elisabetta , Niballi Sara , Basolo Alessio , Santini Ferruccio , Basolo Fulvio , Toniolo Antonio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Altered circulating hormone and metabolite levels have been reported during and post-COVID-19. Yet, studies of gene expression at the tissue level capable of identifying the causes of endocrine dysfunctions are lacking. Transcript levels of endocrine-specific genes were analyzed in five endocrine organs of lethal COVID-19 cases. Overall, 116 autoptic specimens from 77 individuals (50 COVID-19 cases and 27 uninfected controls) were included. Samples were tested for the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The adrenals, pancreas, ovary, thyroid, and white adipose tissue (WAT) were investigated. Transcript levels of 42 endocrine-specific and 3 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were measured and compared between COVID-19 cases (virus-positive and virus-negative in each tissue) and uninfected controls. ISG transcript levels were enhanced in SARS-CoV-2-positive tissues. Endocrine-specific genes (e.g., HSD3B2, INS, IAPP, TSHR, FOXE1, LEP, and CRYGD) were deregulated in COVID-19 cases in an organ-specific manner. Transcription of organ-specific genes was suppressed in virus-positive specimens of the ovary, pancreas, and thyroid but enhanced in the adrenals. In WAT of COVID-19 cases, transcription of ISGs and leptin was enhanced independently of virus detection in tissue. Though vaccination and prior infection have a protective role against acute and long-term effects of COVID-19, clinicians must be aware that endocrine manifestations can derive from virus-induced and/or stress-induced transcriptional changes of individual endocrine genes.

Key messages
• SARS-CoV-2 can infect adipose tissue, adrenals, ovary, pancreas and thyroid.
• Infection of endocrine organs induces interferon response.
• Interferon response is observed in adipose tissue independently of virus presence.
• Endocrine-specific genes are deregulated in an organ-specific manner in COVID-19.
• Transcription of crucial genes such as INS, TSHR and LEP is altered in COVID-19.
Ultra-short-term prediction of LOD using LSTM neural networks
Authors: Gou Junyang , Kiani Shahvandi Mostafa , Hohensinn Roland , Soja Benedikt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarth orientation parameters (EOPs) are essential in geodesy, linking the terrestrial and celestial reference frames. Due to the time needed for data processing and combining different space geodetic techniques, EOPs of the highest quality suffer latencies from several days to several weeks. However, real-time EOPs are needed for multiple geodetic and geophysical applications. Predictions of EOPs in the ultra-short term can overcome the latency of EOP products to a certain extent. Traditionally, predictions are performed using statistical methods. With the rapid expansion of computing capacity and data volume, the application of deep learning in geodesy has become increasingly promising in recent years. In particular, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, one of the most popular Recurrent Neural Network varieties, are promising for geodetic time series prediction. In this study, we investigate the potential of using LSTM to predict daily length of day (LOD) variations up to ten days in advance, accounting for the contribution of effective angular momentum (EAM). The data are first preprocessed to obtain residuals by combining physical and statistical models. Then, we employ LSTM networks to predict the LOD residuals using both LOD and EAM residuals as input features. Our methods outperform all other state-of-the-art methods in the first eight days with an improvement of up to 43% under the first EOP Prediction Comparison Campaign conditions. In addition, we assess the performance of LOD predictions using more extended time series to consider the improvements of EOP products over the last decade. The results show that extending data volume significantly increases the performance of the methods.
New Quantum Invariants of Planar Knotoids
Authors: Moltmaker Wout , van der Veen Roland 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the applications of knotoids to modelling knots in open curves and produce new knotoid invariants. We show how invariants of knotoids generally give rise to well-behaved measures of how much an open curve is knotted. We define biframed planar knotoids, and construct new invariants of these objects that can be computed in polynomial time. As an application of these invariants we improve the classification of planar knotoids with up to five crossings by distinguishing two pairs of prime knotoids that were conjectured to be distinct by Goundaroulis et al.
Patterns of small involuntary fixation saccades (SIFSs) in different neurodegenerative diseases: the role of noise
Authors: Becker Wolfgang , Behler Anna , Vintonyak Olga , Kassubek Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the attempt to steadily fixate at a single spot, sequences of small involuntary fixation saccades (SIFSs, known also as microsaccades οr intrusions) occur which form spatio-temporal patterns such as square wave jerks (SWJs), a pattern characterised by alternating centrifugal and centripetal movements of similar magnitude. In many neurodegenerative disorders, SIFSs exhibit elevated amplitudes and frequencies. Elevated SIFS amplitudes have been shown to favour the occurrence of SWJs (“SWJ coupling”). We analysed SIFSs in different subject groups comprising both healthy controls (CTR) and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), i.e. two neurodegenerative diseases with completely different neuropathological basis and different clinical phenotypes. We show that, across these groups, the relations between SIFS amplitude and the relative frequency of SWJ-like patterns and other SIFS characteristics follow a common law. As an explanation, we propose that physiological and technical noise comprises a small, amplitude-independent component that has little effect on large SIFSs, but causes considerable deviations from the intended amplitude and direction of small ones. Therefore, in contrast to large SIFSs, successive small SIFSs have a lower chance to meet the SWJ similarity criteria. In principle, every measurement of SIFSs is affected by an amplitude-independent noise background. Therefore, the dependence of SWJ coupling on SIFS amplitude will probably be encountered in almost any group of subjects. In addition, we find a positive correlation between SIFS amplitude and frequency in ALS, but none in PSP, suggesting that the elevated amplitudes might arise at different sites in the two disorders.
Importance of coastal vegetated habitats for tropical marine fishes in the Red Sea
Authors: Dunne Aislinn , Coker Darren J. , Kattan Alexander , Tietbohl Matthew D. , Ellis Joanne I. , Jones Burton , Berumen Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarine vegetated habitats such as seagrass, mangroves, and macroalgae are common along tropical coastlines globally and provide habitats for a diversity of fishes, including juvenile fish and species found on coral reefs. Understanding the use of these habitats by different fish species and life stages is fundamental to spatial planning, fisheries management, and conservation. While previous studies have focused on the habitat potential of seagrass, macroalgae, or mangroves for coral reef fish independently, it is important to consider their combined roles, as tropical seascapes are often mosaics of such habitats. In this study, we evaluated habitat associations across life stages for fish species in coral reefs, seagrasses, macroalgae, and mangroves in Saudi Arabia’s central Red Sea. Through in situ visual surveys, we documented 36% of local coral reef fish species in one or more vegetated habitats, with the fraction of coral reef species utilizing macroalgae or seagrass much greater than that of mangroves (29%, 18%, and 6%, respectively). Mangroves hosted mainly juvenile fish (83% of observed population) and macroalgae hosted the largest proportion of herbivores (39% of observed population), suggesting that each environment offers different combinations of resources (food and shelter), and a mix of these habitats could support biological connectivity across a seascape. Species targeted by local fisheries made up 37% of the species documented in vegetated habitats. The use of multiple habitat types by juvenile and commercially important fishes in the Red Sea underscores the need for a holistic approach to habitat protection.
Graphical abstract
Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cell–based therapeutics: a comparison
Authors: Teale Misha A. , Schneider Samuel , Eibl Dieter , van den Bos Christian , Neubauer Peter , Eibl Regine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStem cell–based cell therapeutics and especially those based on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are said to have enormous developmental potential in the coming years. Their applications range from the treatment of orthopedic disorders and cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune diseases and even cancer. However, while more than 27 hMSC-derived therapeutics are currently commercially available, hiPSC-based therapeutics have yet to complete the regulatory approval process. Based on a review of the current commercially available hMSC-derived therapeutic products and upcoming hiPSC-derived products in phase 2 and 3, this paper compares the cell therapy manufacturing process between these two cell types. Moreover, the similarities as well as differences are highlighted and the resulting impact on the production process discussed. Here, emphasis is placed on (i) hMSC and hiPSC characteristics, safety, and ethical aspects, (ii) their morphology and process requirements, as well as (iii) their 2- and 3-dimensional cultivations in dependence of the applied culture medium and process mode. In doing so, also downstream processing aspects are covered and the role of single-use technology is discussed.Key points• Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit distinct behaviors during cultivation• Single-use stirred bioreactor systems are preferred for the cultivation of both cell types• Future research should adapt and modify downstream processes to available single-use devices