bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Simini Protect Lavage as an Adjuvant in the Antiseptic Protocol for Revision Surgeries Involving Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Forzisi Ida , Vezzoni Luca , Bozzerla Milo , Vezzoni Aldo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives Despite advances in surgical asepsis and improvements in sterile surgical techniques, surgical site infection occurs in 0.8 to 15.8% of surgical wounds. Most infections are caused by microorganisms forming biofilms that adhere to implants or dead bone and can evade host immunity and antimicrobial agents. Simini Protect Lavage (SPL) is a hypertonic aqueous solution designed to break cross-links within the extracellular polymeric substance of biofilms produced by bacteria. This study aimed to report the outcome of our total hip replacement (THR) revision cases using an SPL in addition to our standard antiseptic protocol.
Methods The medical records of patients at Vezzoni Veterinary Clinic were searched for animals undergoing a revision orthopaedic surgery involving a THR that included the use of SPL. In all patients, a minimum of 1-year follow-up and culture and a sensitivity test pre- and post-Simini Lavage were required.
Results SPL was used in 36 cases. At the beginning of surgery, culture and sensitive tests were positive in eight patients, and at the end of surgery, seven dogs were still positive for bacterial infection. Only one case, which experienced three revision surgeries, underwent explantation due to persistent, clinically evident infection. The other dogs showed neither clinical nor X-ray signs of infection over a long period.
Clinical Significance The use of SPL can be considered as an adjuvant in the antiseptic protocol for the one-stage revision THR surgeries without a plan of prosthesis explanation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to objectively evaluate the efficacy of SPL in eradicating the postoperative infections.
Endoperoxides as Antimalarials: Development, Structural Diversity, and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane-Based Structural Scaffolds
Authors: Agarwal Alka , Patel Upendra Kumar , Alka Alka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMalaria poses a serious threat to human life and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas across the globe. Drugs such as quinine, chloroquine (a synthetic version of quinine), artemisinin, and its derivative compounds have been used to treat malaria. Developing highly effective chemical scaffolds with minimal toxicity is necessary because malarial parasites have become resistant to existing drugs. In this context, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes have emerged as a crucial framework with notable antimalarial properties. To improve the effectiveness and combat resistance to various antimalarial drugs, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes have been combined with a variety of alicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, and spiro groups including steroid-based, aminoquinoline-based, dispiro-based, triazine-based, diaryl-based, and piperidine-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. We provide an overview of the synthesis and most important in vitro and in vivo investigations carried out on hybrids based on 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane as antimalarial drugs. The future development of malaria treatment may be influenced by the structural changes in different hybrids of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Methods for Tetraoxanes3	Antimalarial Activities of Tetraoxane Derivatives3.1	Cycloalkanone-Based Tetraoxanes3.2	Steroid-Based Tetraoxanes3.3	Adamantane-Based Tetraoxanes3.4	Dispiro-Based Tetraoxanes3.5	Diaryl-Based Tetraoxanes3.6	Di-adamantane-Based Tetraoxanes3.7	Benzylamino- and Aryloxy-Based Tetraoxanes3.8	Aminoquinoline-Based Tetraoxanes3.9	2-Cyanopyrimidine-Based Tetraoxanes4	Mannich Base Based Tetraoxanes4.1	N-Sulfonylpiperidine-Based Tetraoxanes4.2	N-Benzoylpiperidine-Based Tetraoxanes5	Mechanism of Action of Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes6	Conclusion
Alginate Impression Material Reinforcement Using Polymethyl Methacrylate as Organic Filler
Authors: Paskatrianto Ignatius Enrico , Takarini Veni , Usri Kosterman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives Dental alginate is one of the impression materials used in dentistry to reproduce intra- and extraoral structures. Alginate is a quite affordable and easy-to-use material, but because of its lower tear strength, it still has limitations in terms of accuracy. One way to increase the tear strength of alginate is by adding fillers. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is an example of an organic filler that can be utilized as an alternative reinforcement that could effectively increase dimensional stability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the alginate's tear strength following the addition of PMMA as organic fillers.
Materials and Methods This experimental research consisted of four group samples. Sample A served as controls, while sample B included treated samples with varying PMMA additions of 3wt% (B1), 5wt% (B2), and 7wt% (B3). Each group had five samples. The tear strength test was conducted according to ISO Standard 21563:2021 using a Universal Testing Machine, which was followed by characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Statistical Analysis The tear strength results were then evaluated by One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) following Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
Results The tear strength of the control sample (A) was 0.540 N/mm. Meanwhile, the treated samples had tear strengths of 0.612 N/mm (B1), 0.663 N/mm (B2), and 0.596 N/mm (B3). There was a difference between the control and the treated samples that used PMMA fillers (p < 0.05). These results are supported by SEM and FTIR results related to physical closure or blocking of the alginate porous structure and the slight changes in its functional group.
Conclusion The addition of PMMA fillers to dental alginate provides reinforcement as the tear strength increases. This could impact the accuracy of the impression especially when the material is quickly removed from the oral structures. Additional investigation may assess the biocompatibility attributes further.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Samagh Navneh , Sah Sarita , Pruthi Gegal , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) necessitates prompt neurosurgical intervention. However, patients with associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) face higher cardiovascular instability due to sympathetic surge, stunned myocardium, and tendency to arrhythmias secondary to aSAH. We report a case of DCM and ischemic cardiac disease with a 30% ejection fraction, who presented to us with a severe headache associated with vomiting. Noncontrast computed tomography revealed hematoma in the right fronto-temporoparietal and blood in all the ventricles. Cerebral angiography showed a saccular aneurysm at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation, thus requiring cerebral aneurysm clipping surgery. Anesthetic agents for induction and maintenance were selected and titrated to minimize cardiac depression and also avoiding systemic hypotension. A bilateral scalp block was administered to blunt sympathetic response to scalp pin application and scalp incision. Hemodynamic monitoring was done perioperatively using pulse index continuous cardiac output monitoring. The patient made an uneventful recovery from the surgery. This case highlights the importance of preoperative planning, accurate interpretation of hemodynamic measurements, and appropriate therapeutic responses to optimize outcomes in cerebral aneurysm surgery associated with DCM.
Biocompatible all carbon hollow microneedles for effective transdermal delivery
Authors: Roy Magnolia , Mondal Monojit , Ghosh Sudipta , Lahiri Pooja , Bhattacharyya Tarun Kanti 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although transdermal drug delivery has significantly progressed, it is still challenging to identify a biocompatible, mechanically consistent, scalable method. This work offers a novel approach for producing all-carbon hollow microneedles (MNs) using UV photolithography following high-temperature pyrolysis. These MNs, with dimensions of 450 µm height, 100 µm external diameter, and 80 µm internal diameter, had hitherto unheard-of mechanical and functional properties, including a hardness of 5.55 GPa and the capacity to withstand skin resistive pressures of 3.18 MPa without compromising their structural integrity. Compared to previous designs, this new method ensures accurate and consistent hollow conduits, as shown by SEM imaging, and leads to better flow rates of 111.66 µl min−1 for deionized water and 134.28 µl min−1 for ethanol. Preclinical testing further highlights their outstanding biocompatibility, low tissue inflammation, and high insertion success rates (>90%), making them ideal for real-world applications. By overcoming the drawbacks of conventional materials and methods, this work sets a new standard for carbon microelectromechanical systems technology, paving the way for safer, more effective, and scalable transdermal drug delivery systems.
The 2025 motile active matter roadmap
Authors: Gompper Gerhard , Stone Howard A , Kurzthaler Christina , Saintillan David , Peruani Fernado , Fedosov Dmitry A , Auth Thorsten , Cottin-Bizonne Cecile , Ybert Christophe , Clément Eric , Darnige Thierry , Lindner Anke , Goldstein Raymond E , Liebchen Benno , Binysh Jack , Souslov Anton , Isa Lucio , di Leonardo Roberto , Frangipane Giacomo , Gu Hongri , Nelson Bradley J , Brauns Fridtjof , Marchetti M Cristina , Cichos Frank , Heuthe Veit-Lorenz , Bechinger Clemens , Korman Amos , Feinerman Ofer , Cavagna Andrea , Giardina Irene , Jeckel Hannah , Drescher Knut 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent non-equilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Furthermore, interactions in ensembles of active agents are often non-additive and non-reciprocal. An important aspect of biological agents is their ability to sense the environment, process this information, and adjust their motion accordingly. It is an important goal for the engineering of micro-robotic systems to achieve similar functionality. Many fundamental properties of motile active matter are by now reasonably well understood and under control. Thus, the ground is now prepared for the study of physical aspects and mechanisms of motion in complex environments, the behavior of systems with new physical features like chirality, the development of novel micromachines and microbots, the emergent collective behavior and swarming of intelligent self-propelled particles, and particular features of microbial systems. The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter poses major challenges, which can only be addressed by a truly interdisciplinary effort involving scientists from biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The 2025 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter reviews the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for further progress in this fascinating research area.
Chiral discrimination through holonomic quantum coherent control with a trapped-ion qudit
Authors: Liu Teng , Zhao Fa , Lu Pengfei , Lao Qifeng , Rao Xinxin , Ding Min , Bian Ji , Zhu Feng , Luo Le 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel optical method for distinguishing chiral molecules is proposed and tested within a quantum simulator employing a trapped-ion qudit. This approach correlates the sign disparity of the dipole moment of chiral molecules with distinct cyclic evolution trajectories, yielding the unity population contrast induced by the different non-Abelian holonomies corresponding to the chirality. Harnessing the principles of holonomic quantum computation, our method can achieve highly efficient, non-adiabatic, and robust detection and separation of chiral molecules. Demonstrated in a trapped

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ion testbed, this scheme achieves high contrast in the population of a specific state, showcasing its resilience to the noise inherent in the driving field.
On the Influence of Thickness Non-uniformity on Mechanical Behaviour under Small Punch Load
Authors: Pandit S. C. , Alang N. A. , Ferdous I. U. , Alias J. , Hassan M. F. , Razak N. Ab. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Small punch (SP) test is an alternative method to determine the mechanical properties of various materials, including metallic and non-metallic. It uses a relatively small amount of material as a test sample and causes minimum damage to the components during sample extraction, giving it advantages over conventional test methods. However, preparing SP samples with accurate and uniform thickness is challenging. This issue leads to inconsistency in the mechanical properties data obtained from the SP test. The present study numerically investigates the effect of non-uniform sample thickness on the displacement-force data of alloy steel under small punch load at room temperature. The thickness of the sample varies in both radial and through-thickness directions to simulate real material conditions during the laboratory sample preparation stage. This variation in thickness is modelled in Finite Element (FE) Abaqus v6.14 software, considering axis-symmetric conditions. Appropriate load, boundary conditions, and mesh design are assigned to the model. It is found that the non-uniformity of the sample in through-thickness direction affects the displacement-force behaviour of the material. Furthermore, the stress and strain distribution are also affected. The displacement-force response, however, remains constant under the effect of radial non-uniformity. Based on the study, it can be concluded that sample preparation is a critical stage which requires exceptional attention to obtain reliable results in the SP test.
Enhancing Surface Hydrophobicity of AISI 304 Stainless Steel via Laser Texturing
Authors: Isa Rahim M. , Aqida S.N. , Salwani M.S. , Ahmad Syarizan S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The wettability performance of 304 stainless steel surfaces that were treated by multipulse laser processing under different parameters is studied in this paper. For modifying the surface of stainless steel, we used an x-y computer numerical control (CNC) fibre laser system with a 1064 nm wavelength. The hydrophobicity of all surfaces was evaluated through water contact angles (WCA) at different translational speeds (20–150 mm/s) and laser powers (4–20 W). Results show a spectrum of surface wettability ranging from hydrophilic (WCA<90°) to hydrophobic properties (90<WCA<150°). Hydrophobic surfaces were mainly associated with the samples processed at higher speeds and power settings while hydrophilic results were observed due to lower speeds and power settings. The highest hydrophobicity of WCA = 142.05° was obtained at a speed of 20 mm/s and laser power of 8 W. Meanwhile, the highest degree of hydrophilicity was observed at a speed of 20 mm/s and the lowest power level of 4 W, which possessed a WCA of 62.49°. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of laser parameters in the surface wettability modification process. These results are significant to applications requiring specific surface characteristics, such as anti-slip, anti-fog and self-cleaning. The findings provide a comprehensive review of the application of laser processing in preparing surface treatment with suitable properties for various industrial and biomedical applications.
Artificial intelligence-Based Detection of Unattended Child Presence in Vehicles
Authors: Jefri Nur Atikah , Saruchi Sarah ‘Atifah , Aziz Radhiyah Abd , Nordin Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan , Jawi Zulhaidi Mohd 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The issue of unattended children in vehicles is a critical concern due to the significant risks it poses, including fatalities and heat strokes, necessitating immediate attention. Therefore, this study proposes an unattended child presence detection system in vehicles via Convolutional Neural Networks. The methodology begins with the collection of data through images captured using a doll to simulate a child’s presence inside vehicles. These images are used for training the CNN models, which utilize state-of-the-art architectures such as ResNet and MobileNet. Through rigorous simulations, the CNN models achieved a commendable training accuracy exceeding 90%. This high accuracy underscores the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting the presence of unattended children in various real-world scenarios. The findings underscore the efficacy of deep learning techniques in addressing critical safety concerns related to unattended children in vehicles. The high accuracy rate indicates that the proposed system can reliably detect a child’s presence, potentially preventing tragic incidents. The research concludes that integrating such deep learning-based detection systems in vehicles can significantly enhance child safety. Future research directions could explore enhancing the system’s robustness to diverse environmental conditions and vehicle types. Additionally, integrating real-time monitoring and alert systems could further enhance the system’s practical application and effectiveness in preventing incidents involving unattended children.
Extreme Learning Machine Optimization Based on Eel and Grouper Optimizer for Gear Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Harith M. K. , Firdaus Isham M. , Amirulaminnur R. , Saufi M. S. R. , Saad W. A. A. , Hasan M. D. A. , Talib M. H. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The reliability, dependability, and sustainability of machinery are essential for enhancing industrial productivity and efficiency. Any instances of machine components failing or malfunctioning can lead to unforeseen downtime and financial repercussions. In response, this research introduces a maintenance method for mechanical components that focuses on diagnosing gear failures through the utilization of an extreme learning machine (ELM) optimization technique known as Eel and Grouper Optimizer (EGO). A series of gear vibration signals sourced from an online repository, comprised of both operational and faulty data, were utilized to assess the proposed methodology. The EGO methodology was implemented to ascertain an optimal configuration for the ELM approach, specifically focusing on determining the appropriate number of neurons, input weight, and bias range values. The results suggest that the proposed strategy improves the classification accuracy of ELM by 14% compared to conventional method. This approach is also transferable to other industries seeking to enhance the dependability and sustainability of their facilities.
Steel Patch Reinforcement Effects on Defective I-Beams: Experimental and FEA Study
Authors: Marzuki Mohd Naim , Yob Mohd Shukri , Latif Mohd Juzaila Abdul , Kurdi Ojo , Izahar Mohd Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of steel patch reinforcements in restoring the structural integrity of thin-walled I-beams with defects, an essential focus for improving infrastructure safety and durability. The research examines original and defective I-beam specimens through experimental testing and finite element analysis (FEA). Defective beams with 20 mm x 20 mm flaws were reinforced with 35 mm x 50 mm steel patches, and their flexural strength was tested under four-point bending. Models created in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS revealed discrepancies between FEA simulations and experimental data, especially in defective beams. Refining the FEA model using a 3 mm triangular element significantly improved simulation accuracy, with optimal boundary conditions determined at the stiffeners. These findings confirm that steel patch reinforcements can effectively restore the load-bearing capacity of compromised I-beams, underscoring the importance of FEA validation to ensure accurate structural assessments and more resilient infrastructure.
Comparison of Conventional and Non-conventional Manufacturing processes for Production of Motorbike Helmet - A Life Cycle Assessment Approach
Authors: Aboraas Mohammed Yousef , Rehman Ahmed , Gulzar Saad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of helmet manufacturing processes, focusing on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and conventional manufacturing methods. The research evaluates environmental impacts across three key categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Non-renewable Energy Consumption, and Ozone Layer Depletion. Results reveal that helmets produced via FDM exhibit significantly higher environmental impacts—13 times greater GWP, seven times higher non-renewable energy use, and fifteen times more severe ozone depletion compared to conventional methods. These disparities stem from FDM’s energy-intensive nature and reliance on non-renewable resources. To mitigate these challenges, recommendations include adopting renewable energy in production, improving energy efficiency in 3D printing technologies, and transitioning to eco-friendly materials. These measures aim to align helmet manufacturing with global sustainability objectives, particularly Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9, 11, and 12, and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. By providing actionable insights, this study contributes to advancing greener industrial methods and informs industry stakeholders and policymakers in their pursuit of environmental sustainability.
Application of Laser-induced Fluorescence for Thickness and Temperature Measurement in Microchannel
Authors: Rosli Nurrina , Zailani Nina Ainatulmardhiah A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Effective thermal management in microfluidic devices depends on precise temperature measurement, which is crucial for processes such as drug release and food packaging. This study investigates the use of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) as a non-intrusive method for temperature measurement in microchannels fabricated using micron-sized shims. Initially, the channel thickness was validated using the LIF method with Coumarin 153 (C153) dye, which revealed minor thickness measurement errors that had a negligible impact on temperature sensitivity trends. For temperature measurement within the microchannel, Rhodamine B (RhB), a highly sensitive and water-soluble fluorescent dye was employed. The findings show a temperature sensitivity ranging from -0.1%/°C to -0.4%/°C, which remains reliable despite the use of low laser power output with a wavelength relatively far from the maximum absorption of RhB. Future studies could enhance temperature sensitivity by considering the trade-off between laser power output and dye concentration, further improving this approach for various microfluidic applications.