bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanie Perkins: poised to redesign Canva from tech unicorn to tech giant?
Authors: Prasad V. Namratha , Koti Vinod Babu 
Published: September 2023

Research methodology
The case was written using information and data from secondary sources. It describes real people and the situations experienced by them. It does not use any fictitious names, scenarios or organizations.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study “Melanie Perkins: Poised to Redesign Canva from Tech Unicorn to Tech Giant?” describes the entrepreneurship journey of Melanie Perkins (she) (Perkins), the CEO of Australia-based tech unicorn and graphic design company, Canva Pty Ltd. (Canva). The case starts with a brief look into Perkins’ background and documents her entrepreneurial spirit, which, at the age of 19, led her to identify a hitherto unserved market (yearbooks) in the graphic design industry and offer an online design system through her venture, Fusion Books (Fusion). Fusion was completely bootstrapped and became a runaway success within five years. That encouraged her to envision setting up a one-stop-shop design site that would make design accessible to everyone.
However, when she tried to raise funds, Perkins encountered multiple rejections from venture capitalists. She persevered and continually refined her strategy. Eventually, she managed to raise venture capital funding and establish her design startup, Canva, in 2013. Canva then went on to disrupt the graphic design industry. The case describes in detail the reasons for Canva’s success, which went on to be one of the few profitable unicorn start-ups. The case also throws light on how Perkins used Canva as a tool to change society with her two-step plan. Despite its market success, Canva faced heavy competition in the design and publishing space from well-established players. Can Perkins challenge the competition and ultimately make Canva a software giant in the future?

Complexity academic level
The case is intended for use in teaching the subjects “Entrepreneurship Development,” “Business Strategy,” “Leadership Skills and Change Management” and “Positive Psychology for Managers” in both graduate and post-graduate programs.
Reproductive performance of Peregrine falcons relative to the use of organochlorine pesticides, 1946–2021
Authors: Oli Madan K. , Smith George D. , McGrady Michael J. , Chaudhary Vratika , Rollie Chris J. , Mearns Richard , Newton Ian , Lambin Xavier 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Populations of some fish‐ and meat‐eating birds suffered dramatic declines globally following the introduction of organochlorine pesticides during the late 1940s and 1950s. It has been hypothesised that these population declines during the 1950s–1970s were largely driven by a combination of reproductive failure due to eggshell‐thinning, egg breakage and embryonic death attributable to DDT and its metabolites, and to enhanced mortality attributable to the more toxic cyclodiene compounds such as aldrin and dieldrin.

Using 75 years (1946–2021) of Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) monitoring data (315 unique nest‐sites monitored for 6110 nest‐years), we studied the breeding performance of a resident Peregrine population in southern Scotland relative to the spatiotemporal pattern of organochlorine pesticide use.

We show that (i) Peregrine breeding success and measures of breeding performance increased substantially following the reduction in, and subsequently a complete ban on, the use of organochlorine pesticides; (ii) improvements in Peregrine breeding performance were more dramatic in southeastern Scotland where agriculture was the predominant land use than in southwestern Scotland where there was less arable and more forested land; (iii) Peregrines nesting closer to the coast generally had higher fledging success (that is, a higher proportion of clutches that produced at least one fledgeling) than those nesting inland farther away from the coast; (iv) low temperatures and excessive rain in May negatively affected Peregrine fledging success; and (v) Peregrine abundance increased in parallel with improvements in reproductive performance following the reduction and then complete ban on the use of organochlorine pesticides in the UK. However, recovery was gradual and occurred over four decades, and rate of recovery varied among measures of reproductive performance (egg, nestling and fledgeling production).

Our results suggest that the temporal pattern of organochlorine pesticide use strongly influenced Peregrine reproductive parameters but that the pattern of influence differed regionally. Overall results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive failure caused by organochlorine pesticides was an important driver of the decline in the south Scottish Peregrine population, and that improvements in all measures of breeding performance following a reduction and eventual ban on organochlorine use facilitated the observed increase in this population.
Niche dynamics along two centuries of multiple crayfish invasions
Authors: Viana Duarte S. , Oficialdegui Francisco J. , Soriano María del Carmen , Hermoso Virgilio , Clavero Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The realised ecological niches of species may change in response to dynamic abiotic and biotic environments, particularly under fast global change. To fully understand the dynamics of niche features and their drivers, it is essential to have a long‐term view of species distributions and the factors that may have influenced them.

Here, we analysed the distribution and niche dynamics of the Italian crayfish (Austropotamobius fulcisianus) in the Iberian Peninsula over the past 200 years. The Italian crayfish was introduced to Spain in the 16th century, and spread due to multiple stocking events until the 1970s, when two North American crayfish (red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus) were introduced. Both North American species are carriers of a pathogen (Aphanomyces astaci, the causal agent of crayfish plague) lethal to the Italian crayfish. We hypothesised that the realised niche of the Italian crayfish, both in breadth and in position, has changed over time following changes in its range.

The distribution of the Italian crayfish expanded from the mid‐19th century until the mid‐20th century, in association with an enlargement of its realised niched, mostly towards less abrupt and more coastal‐influenced areas. After the introduction of the North American crayfishes, the collapse of the Italian crayfish involved a niche shift towards rough terrains in mountain areas. North American crayfish have eventually occupied most of the Italian crayfish's niche space, with the few no‐coexistence areas being relegated to the most abrupt and high‐elevation territories.

Our historical approach allowed us to document and understand the highly dynamic distribution and niche of the Italian crayfish in the presence of invader counterparts, and to explore the environmental conditions under which their coexistence is minimised.
The Antinomies of Insurgency: The Case of the Scottish National Party
Authors: Foley James , Montgomery Tom , Kerr Ewan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Scottish National Party (SNP) has emerged from generations on the periphery to make a substantial imprint on mainstream British politics. However, in only a matter of months, the foundations of that success have crumbled and, by the admission of its leaders, the SNP is experiencing its greatest crisis in five decades. The roots of this crisis are not well understood, since most recent research has sought to explain the SNP's post‐2014 successes. However, the article argues that these successes have always hinged upon a prior moment of politicisation in 2014 on the one hand, and annual cycles of mobilisation and demobilisation on the other. The article draws attention to the SNP's governing strategy of stabilising itself through a process of strategic depoliticisation on independence, which supplanted activist mobilisation with a politics of spectatorship. It then goes on to suggest that, for the SNP, this depended on a paradox of crisis in the British state and being a governing party of the British state.
Prevalence of alcohol and other drug detections in non‐transport injury events
Authors: Lau Georgina , Mitra Biswadev , Gabbe Belinda J , Dietze Paul M , Reeder Sandra , Cameron Peter A , Smit De Villiers , Schneider Hans G , Symons Evan , Koolstra Christine , Stewart Cara , Beck Ben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the prevalence of alcohol and/or other drug (AOD) detections in suspected major trauma patients with non‐transport injuries who presented to an adult major trauma centre.MethodsThis registry‐based cohort study examined the prevalence of AOD detections in patients aged ≥18 years who: (i) sustained non‐transport injuries; and (ii) met predefined trauma call‐out criteria and were therefore managed by an interdisciplinary trauma team between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2022. Prevalence was measured using routine in‐hospital blood alcohol and urine drug screens.ResultsA total of 1469 cases met the inclusion criteria. Of cases with a valid blood test (n = 1248, 85.0%), alcohol was detected in 313 (25.1%) patients. Of the 733 (49.9%) cases with urine drug screen results, cannabinoids were most commonly detected (n = 103, 14.1%), followed by benzodiazepines (n = 98, 13.4%), amphetamine‐type substances (n = 80, 10.9%), opioids (n = 28, 3.8%) and cocaine (n = 17, 2.3%). Alcohol and/or at least one other drug was detected in 37.4% (n = 472) of cases with either a blood alcohol or urine drug test completed (n = 1263, 86.0%). Multiple substances were detected in 16.6% (n = 119) of cases with both blood alcohol and urine drug screens (n = 718, 48.9%). Detections were prevalent in cases of interpersonal violence (n = 123/179, 68.7%) and intentional self‐harm (n = 50/106, 47.2%), and in those occurring on Friday and Saturday nights (n = 118/191, 61.8%).ConclusionAOD detections were common in trauma patients with non‐transport injury causes. Population‐level surveillance is needed to inform prevention strategies that address AOD use as a significant risk factor for serious injury.
The long arm of the gang: Disengagement under gang governance in Central America
Authors: Cruz José Miguel , Rosen Jonathan D. , Mizrahi Yemile 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInstitutionalized gangs are youth groups that have developed the ability to persist, expand, and restructure organizationally around criminal activities and have imposed their norms and behavioral prescriptions on the communities where they operate. So how does a gang member manage to leave these groups and abandon violent crime? This article proposes a new theoretical model of gang disengagement based on a comparative case study with MS‐13 and Barrio 18 gangs in Central America. It is based on 112 in‐depth interviews with former gang members in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The article identifies three forms of gang disengagement: religious conversion, secular pass, and walking away. Two factors, the gang's organizational structure and its territorial reach, mediate in the choices gang members have when leaving an institutionalized gang. The specific combination of these factors makes some disengagement modes more likely than others. The article underscores the role of gang governance in shaping gang members’ disengagement processes.
Source‐sink patterns on coffee trees related to annual climate variability: An approach through stable isotopes analysis
Authors: Toro‐Herrera M. A. , Pennacchi J. P. , Vieira D. A. , Costa V. E. , Honda Filho C. P. , Barbosa A. C. M. C. , Barbosa J. P. R. A. D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStable isotopic determination constitutes a useful tool to identify the processes that control the dynamics of the carbon and nitrogen flow in plants, unravelling the mechanisms of their differential investment under different environments. This work aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation of source‐sink patterns of coffee trees under field conditions in response to climatic conditions through the assessment of stable isotopes. For this purpose, stems, leaves, and fruit samples from coffee trees were collected following a temporal pattern based on the region's climatic characteristics and the plant's phenology and a spatial pattern considering different parts of the canopy. The carbon and nitrogen percentage content, the C/N ratio, and the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) were determined for all samples. The basal portion of the orthotropic branch was also considered for the isotopic analysis of the tree's growth rings. The results obtained were correlated with the climatic variables of the region through a Pearson correlation analysis (p < .05). Coffee plants showed traditional δ13C values of C3 plants. Temporal δ13C variation was associated with the different growth rates between phenological stages and the use of substrates produced at different times under different environmental conditions leading to differences in photosynthetic discrimination. Spatial δ13C variation was observed with heterotrophic tissues isotopically heavier than leaves, with a significant decrease trend in δ13C values from the top (upper third) to the bottom (lower third), associated with ecophysiological differences between the canopy, isotopic fractionation processes downstream of photosynthetic carbon discrimination, and the fixation of C from other pools. Temporal δ15N variation was associated with the precipitation rates in the region and the fertilization distribution across the tree, while the spatial variation was with the plant's nitrogen assimilation and translocation patterns. The tree growth rings isotopic analyses showed isotopic differences between growth rings of the same plant addressed by the climatic conditions, with precipitation being the primary climatic determinant influencing the fixation and discrimination against 13C. Our results highlight the importance of using stable isotope analysis as a reference point for coffee ecophysiological studies to characterize how the temporal and spatial patterns of δ13C and δ15N emerge and signal the influence of climate on the source‐sink relationship of coffee trees under field conditions.
Factors associated with daily use of benzodiazepines/tranquilizers and opioids among people who use drugs
Authors: Kozak Zofia , Urquhart Glenna J. , Rouhani Saba , Allen Sean T. , Park Ju N. , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCo‐use of benzodiazepines and opioids significantly increases fatal overdose risk, yet few studies have examined co‐use of these drugs when obtained both with and without a prescription. We examined associations of daily co‐use of prescribed benzodiazepines/tranquilizers (BZD/TRQ) and prescribed and nonprescribed opioids among people who use street opioids (PWUO).MethodsPWUO (N = 417) were recruited from Baltimore City and neighboring Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and surveyed on sociodemographic characteristics, structural vulnerabilities, healthcare access and utilization, substance use, and overdose experiences. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self‐reported co‐use.ResultsParticipants were 46 years old on average, and predominantly Black (74%) males (62%). Daily co‐use was reported by 22%. In multivariable analyses, odds of co‐use were significantly higher among participants who did not have a high school degree/GED (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.88), endorsed receiving mental health treatment in the past 6 months (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28–3.56), reported daily use of powdered cocaine (aOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.98–6.45), and synthetic cannabinoids (aOR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.40–6.93). Odds of co‐use were significantly lower among Black participants compared to white participants (aOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19–0.82).Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceClinicians working with PWUO or who prescribe BZDs or opioids should screen patients who use cocaine or synthetic cannabinoids, have low level of educational attainment, or recently accessed mental health services, as these patients may be at higher risk for daily co‐use of BZD/TRQ and opioids, and therefore lethal overdose.
Flowing Capital‐Disrupted Homes: Financialisation and Maintenance of Rental Housing in Sweden
Authors: Kadıoğlu Defne , Kellecioğlu Ilhan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies on rental housing financialisation have blossomed over the last decade. Studies are often concerned with issues around affordability and displacement, while less focus has been on how financialisation reconfigures the materials of housing, home, and the residential environment by subordinating maintenance to aggressive and unsustainable renovation strategies. We look at the case of Sweden and zoom in on a working‐class Stockholm suburb where part of the housing stock is owned by the German, publicly listed real estate company Vonovia. We discuss how national and international regulations remain insufficient in ensuring that every day and structural maintenance is conducted properly by financialised landlords, leaving tenants stuck with delayed and poor‐quality repair and replacement work as well as insufficient communication, severely affecting their quality of life. We propose to discuss the concepts of “housing as infrastructure” to account for these complex consequences.
Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow‐restricted exercise
Authors: Hjortshoej M. H. , Aagaard P. , Storgaard C. D. , Juneja H. , Lundbye‐Jensen J. , Magnusson S. P. , Couppé C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHeavy‐load free‐flow resistance exercise (HL‐FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low‐load blood‐flow restricted resistance exercise (LL‐BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL‐FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL‐BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL‐FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL‐BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free‐flow resistance exercise (FFRE).AimThe aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post‐exercise), intermediate (10–20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL‐BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults.MethodsA systematic literature search of randomized and non‐randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS‐1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups.ResultsA total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL‐BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post‐exercise phases. LL‐BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL‐FFRE.ConclusionThese results indicate that LL‐BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL‐FFRE and HL‐FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL‐FFRE.
Can obesity exacerbate hyperinsulinaemia in the presence of the mutation of an insulin receptor gene?
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Mari Alessandra , Iafusco Fernanda , Maione Giovanna , Iafusco Dario , Tinto Nadia 
Published: September 2023

SummaryInsulin receptor gene (INSR) mutations are a relatively rare and diverse cause of insulin resistance (IR), typically associated with a lean phenotype. However, we present a unique case of severe obesity and Type A severe IR syndrome in a patient with a heterozygous mutation of the INSR gene. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis was conducted to identify the genetic variant. A 16‐year‐old girl with severe obesity (BMI‐SDS +2.79) exhibited markedly elevated basal insulin levels (>800 mcU/L). Despite obesity being a known cause of hyperinsulinism, further investigation was pursued due to the severity of hyperinsulinaemia. A heterozygous nucleotide variant at the donor splicing site of intron 13 (c.2682 + 1G > A) of the INSR gene was identified. This mutation was also present in the proband's normal‐weight mother and her two younger brothers with obesity. Metformin treatment provided limited benefits, but subsequent liraglutide therapy resulted in weight loss and decreased IR 3 months after initiation. Our findings suggest that obesity can exacerbate hyperinsulinaemia in individuals with an INSR gene mutation. Although INSR signalling defects play a minor role in the aetiology of IR, they should still be considered in the diagnostic pathway, particularly in severe phenotypes. Clinicians should not overlook the possibility of genetic causes in patients with obesity and IR, as they may require personalized management approaches.
Contact allergy to rubber accelerators in consecutively patch tested Danish eczema patients: A retrospective observational study from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Kursawe Larsen Christoffer , Schwensen Jakob F. B. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRubber accelerators are used in the production of rubber gloves and may cause contact allergy.ObjectivesTo estimate long‐term trend and prevalence of contact allergy to rubber accelerators for a 30‐year period in Denmark, high‐risk occupations, and exposures.MethodsData from all patients with contact dermatitis consecutively patch tested at the department of Skin and Allergy Gentofte hospital with the rubber accelerators from the European baseline series (EBS) from 1990 to 2019, were analysed. Further, patients under suspicion of rubber accelerator contact allergy were additionally patch‐tested with rubber accelerators from the specialised rubber series from 2005 to 2019 and these were additional extracted.ResultsThe overall prevalence of contact allergy to one or more of the rubber accelerators from the EBS series was 2.7% with a significant decline in the first 12‐years, followed by a stable frequency in the past 18‐years. Associations with occupational contact dermatitis, hand dermatitis, and leg/foot dermatitis were found. Wet‐work occupations were most often affected and gloves the most frequent exposure.ConclusionsContact allergy to one or more of the rubber accelerators from the EBS is frequent and has been unchanged for several decades, which calls for prevention.