bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Murine T Cells That Lyse Antibody-Sensitized Target Cells
Authors: Lamon E. W. , Williams Barbara R. , Fuson E. W. , Whitten H. D. , Walia A. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
51Cr-labeled sheep erythrocytes sensitized with mouse antibody were lysed by mouse spleen cells and thymocytes. Treatment of the thymocyte donors with cortisone acetate revealed the responsible effector cells to be cortisone-resistant (medullary) thymocytes. Analysis of the thymocyte preparations for cell surface antigens revealed that fewer than 1% of the cells possessed surface Ig detectable by anti-Ig immunofluorescence and 94% of the cells were lysed by anti-thy 1 and C. Less than 0.5% of the cells in the thymocyte preparations were macrophages as determined by their ability to ingest IgG-sensitized erythrocytes. The peak of K cell activity in the thymus occurred at 48 hr after the injection of cortisone. In vitro kinetics experiments revealed that whereas splenic K cell activity reached near maximum levels in 6 to 8 hr (E:T ratio of 10:1), thymocyte-mediated ADCC continued to increase over the entire 72-hr period tested. Lower ratios of spleen cells (2:1 and 1:1) exhibited kinetics similar to thymocytes. Control thymocytes only produced low levels of cytotoxicity by 20 hr, but by 40 and 72 hr in vitro quite significant lysis was produced. Cortisone-resistant thymocytes produced higher levels of cytotoxicity than control thymocytes at all time points. By 72 hr in vitro, the cortisone-resistant thymocytes produced lysis that was equivalent to that produced by spleen cells. The kinetics observed appeared to be the true rate of lysis rather than generation of K cells from precursors in the original population; preincubation of the thymocytes in vitro for 20 hr before the addition of the target cells resulted in no greater lysis than when fresh thymocytes were used. Furthermore, no proliferative response was detectable when thymocytes were incubated with antibody-sensitized target cells.
Lysis of C1q-Coated Chicken Erythrocytes by Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
Authors: Ghebrehiwet Berhane , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human lymphoblastoid cells lysed chicken erythrocytes (E) that carried cell surface bound human C1q. Antibody to E (A) was not required for the C1q-dependent reaction. The effect of C1q was inhibited by Fab′2 anti-C1q and by the serum C1q inhibitor. The action of the lymphoblastoid cells was inhibited by anti-metabolites and by pretreatment of the cells with trypsin which is known to destroy their C1q receptor. Lymphoblastoid cell lysate was inactive. The time course of the C1q-dependent lysis was comparable to that of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic reaction of human K-cells. Lysis of EA by human peripheral lymphocytes was enhanced up to 50% by human C1q.
Protein A from Staphylococcus Aureus — A Mitogen for Human T Lymphocytes and B Lymphocytes but Not L Lymphocytes
Authors: Sakane Tsuyoshi , Green Ira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) is known to bind specifically the Fc portion of IgG from several species. In the present paper, SpA was demonstrated to be a potent mitogen for T and non-T lymphocyte populations from both human adult periperal blood and cord blood. SpA was equivalent in mitogenic activity for T lymphocytes as compared to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and was a much stronger mitogen than concanavalin A.
Experiments separating non-T lymphocytes into B lymphocytes (Fc-) and L lymphocytes (Fc+) by rosetting with IgG-coated sheep erythrocytes demonstrated that SpA can stimulate the proliferation of B lymphocytes but not L lymphocytes.
The addition of mitomycin-treated T lymphocytes to the culture of non-T lymphocytes greatly enhanced the non-T lymphocyte response to SpA, and vice versa. In contrast, enhanced response with either mitomycin-treated monocyte and T lymphocyte combinations or mitomycin-treated monocyte and non-T lymphocyte combinations was not observed. It is suggested that T and non-T lymphocyte synergism is needed for the maximal response to SpA.
Discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient fractionation of T lymphocytes demonstrated a population of low density T lymphocytes which responded to SpA better than to PHA, and a population of high density T lymphocytes which responded to PHA better than to SpA. These results indicate that some of SpA-responsive T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood appear to be distinct from a population of T lymphocytes responding to PHA.
Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity in X-Irradiation-Induced Rat Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Stevens R. H. , Brooks G. P. , Osborne J. W. , Hoffman K. L. , Lawson A. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hypertonic salt extracts (3 M KCl) of x-irradiation-induced Holtzman rat small bowel adenocarcinomas blocked the in vitro destruction of allogeneic cultured cells of this malignancy by sensitized lymphoid cells obtained from tumor-bearing animals. The protective effects were mediated by a blocking action at both the effector and the target cell level. The extracts were separated into 50% ammonium sulfate soluble and insoluble fractions with the soluble fraction being more effective in blocking the cytotoxic responses through interaction with the lymphoid cells whereas the insoluble one had a greater effect upon tumor target cells. Associated with both fractions was the oncofetal glycoprotein previously identified with the cellular membrane of this x-ray-induced malignancy. Immunoglobulins were identified with the insoluble fraction; some were able to bind the oncofetal protein, thus classifying it as a fetal antigen. The protective effects of the soluble fraction and this neoantigen were found to be citric acid labile, whereas the effects due to the insoluble fraction were unchanged.
Partial Molecular Characterization of the Ly-1 Alloantigen on Mouse Thymocytes
Authors: Durda Paul J. , Shapiro Craig , Gottlieb Paul D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific anti-Ly-1.1 serum was used in conjunction with fixed Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I strain) to precipitate labeled material from NP-40 extracts of mouse thymocytes labeled with 125I by using lactoperoxidase and with NaB3H4 by using galactose oxidase. Thymocytes from the congenic strains C57BL/6-Ly-1a (Ly-1.1-positive) and C57BL/6J (Ly-1.2-positive) were used as sources of labeled antigens and as immune absorbents so that the Ly-1.1 alloantigen could be studied in the absence of genetic background differences. Results of SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions suggest that the Ly-1.1 antigenic determinant(s) may be associated with a glycoprotein of apparent m.w. 67,000 which is labeled by both labeling methods and/or with a component with an apparent m.w. of 87,000 that was labeled with NaB3H4 and galactose oxidase but not with 125I. It is not known whether one or both of these molecular species or an unlabeled species associated with them is the target of the Ly-1.1-specific cytotoxic antibodies. In addition, results of SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions suggest that the component with apparent m.w. 67,000 is not involved in intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Correlation between the Ability of Tumor Cells to Resist Humoral Immune Attack and Their Ability to Synthesize Lipid
Authors: Schlager Seymour I. , Ohanian Sarkis H. , Borsos Tibor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Agents that increase (certain metabolic inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, and x-irradiation), decrease (hormones), or have no effect (hyperthermia) on the susceptibility of line-1 and line-10 guinea pig hepatoma cells to humoral immune attack were studied for their effects on the ability of these tumor cells to synthesize macromolecules. A correlation was found between the drug-induced increase in sensitivity of these cells to antibody-C mediated killing and the loss of their ability to incorporate fatty acids into complex cellular lipids. Similarly, the hormone-induced increase in resistance of the cells to killing was accompanied by an enhancement in complex lipid synthesis by the cells. A correlation between sensitivity to humoral immune killing and complex lipid synthesis by these cells was also observed after the cells were exposed to physical means of insult (x-irradiation or hyperthermia).
No correlation was found between the sensitivity of the cells to antibody-C mediated killing and their ability to synthesize DNA, RNA, protein, or complex carbohydrate, or their capacity for de novo lipid synthesis as measured by incorporation of acetate and glycerol into cellular macromolecules.
The assembly of free fatty acids into complex lipid moieties is therefore proposed to be of fundamental importance for the ability of the tumor cells to resist humoral immune killing.
Identification of Lipids Associated with the Ability of Tumor Cells to Resist Humoral Immune Attack
Authors: Schlager Seymour I. , Ohanian Sarkis H. , Borsos Tibor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Certain metabolic inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents that increase the susceptibility of line-1 or line-10 guinea pig hepatoma cells to humoral immune attack were studied for their effects on the ability of the cells to synthesize lipids. A direct correlation was found between the drug-induced increase in sensitivity to antibody-C mediated killing and the inhibition of the ability of the cells to incorporate acetate, glycerol, and fatty acids into complex cellular lipids. Drug-treated cells recultured in drug-free medium regained their resistance to antibody-C mediated killing; these cells recovered their ability for complex lipid synthesis at this time. Thin layer chromatography of CHCl3:CH3OH lipid extracts from these cells indicated that the drug-induced increase in susceptibility to humoral immune attack correlated with the inhibition of acetate, glycerol, and fatty acid incorporation into cardiolipin and triglyceride in line-10 cells and the inhibition of incorporation of these compounds into cardiolipin alone in line-1 cells. No direct correlation was found between the sensitivity of the cells to humoral immune attack and the ability of the cells to incorporate precursors of lipid synthesis into other lipid moieties (sphyngomyelin, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, or cholesterol esters). The synthesis of cardiolipin and triglycerides, therefore, appears to be associated with the mechanism whereby these tumor cells resist antibody-C mediated killing.
Evidence for Antibody Activity against the Receptor for IgE in a Rabbit Antiserum Prepared against IgE-Receptor Complexes
Authors: Conrad Daniel H. , Froese Arnold , Ishizaka Teruko , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A rabbit antiserum prepared against rat IgE-receptor complexes was examined for evidence of antibody activity against receptors for IgE. The antibodies were specifically purified by absorption onto and subsequent elution from intact rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and rendered specific for mast cells by absorption with mast cell-depleted rat peritoneal exudate cells. Surface-labeled RBL cells were extracted with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) and the soluble extract was incubated with the purified antibodies; the components bound by the antibodies were analyzed on 10% SDS polyacrylamide gels. The major component bound by the antibodies had a relative mobility identical to that of the receptor for IgE. Confirmation that this component was indeed the receptor for IgE was shown in that this receptor was progressively removed from the NP-40 extract by increasing amounts of the purified antibodies. The ability of these purified antibodies to interact with the receptor was strongly inhibited when the receptor was complexed with IgE; in addition, the purified antibodies demonstrated little activity against purified IgE-receptor complexes. These results suggested that the antigenic site(s) interacting with the purified antibodies were either in or closely adjacent to the IgE-binding site on the receptor. In contrast, the original antiserum, after removal of anti-IgE antibodies by absorption with IgE covalently linked to Sepharose, demonstrated significant activity against the purified IgE-receptor complexes. This suggested that antibodies against sites on the receptor distant from the IgE-combining site were present in the original antiserum. These sites were probably buried in the membrane and thus lost in the antibody purification procedure.
The Distribution and Relative Immunogenicity of Calf α-Crystallin Antigenic Determinants on Different Subunits
Authors: Manski W. , Malinowski K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the native α-crystallin molecule, 45.9% of all reactive antigenic determinants were found to be located on SH-containing subunits. Of these, the majority (35.3%) were reaggregation dependent, and 10.6% were reactive on monomeric subunits. By contrast, only 10.9% of all antigenic determinants were located on SH-free subunits, and the ratio of aggregation-dependent determinants (4.4%) to those of monomeric subunits (6.5%) was reversed compared to SH-containing subunits. Among all antigenic determinants reactive in native α-crystallin, 44.1% were dependent on the presence of both types of subunits. These data indicate that the antigenic determinants requiring subunit interaction were formed from SH-containing and SH-free subunits in a ratio of 1:1. Direct analysis showed that in the α-crystallin molecule, the ratio of these subunits is 2:1. The experiments indicate that some conformations of subunits in the native molecule persist in separated subunits. The relative immunogenicity of each type of antigenic determinant expressed as the ratio of the percentage of the determinant reactive in the native calf lens α-crystallin to the percentage of corresponding antibodies induced by native α-crystallin was found to be close to 1.
Immunoregulatory Function of Specific IgG
Authors: Michael J. Gabriel , Bernstein I. Leonard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nonatopic subjects immunized with short ragweed developed both reaginic IgE and blocking IgG antibodies to the antigen. Administration of 250 µg-specific ragweed IgG antibodies 1 week before, simultaneously, or up to 2 weeks after start of immunization with ragweed extract abrogated the production of anti-ragweed reaginic antibodies which was measured by skin reactivity. Formation of specific ragweed IgG antibodies was unaffected by IgG treatment. These results indicate selective regulation of an immune response in humans by IgG.
Ontogeny of IgE-Bearing Lymphocytes in the Rat
Authors: Ishizaka Kimishige , Ishizaka Teruko , Okudaira Hirokazu , Bazin Hervé 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgE-bearing lymphocytes were detected by immunofluorescence in the spleen of neonatal Hooded Lister strain rats within 24 hr after birth. The same cells were detected in the bone marrow as early as the 4th day after birth. Both fetal spleen and liver obtained 1 day before birth contained IgM-bearing cells but no detectable IgE-bearing cells. The proportion of IgE-bearing cells in the spleen and bone marrow increased during the neonatal period and reached an adult level within 3 to 4 weeks after birth. In adult Hooded Lister rats, IgE-bearing cells were 3 to 6% of total spleen cells and 1.5 to 2.2% of bone marrow cells. Most of the IgE-bearing cells from both newborn and adult animals carried IgM determinants on their surface. Capping experiments showed that µ chain determinants and µ chain determinants belonged to separate molecules. IgG2a-bearing lymphocytes were detected in the neonatal spleen as early as the 4th day after birth, but a significant number of these cells was not detected in the bone marrow until the 4th week. In newborn spleen the percentage of IgE-IgM double bearing cells was higher than that of IgG2a-bearing cells.
Inactivation of Antigen-Responsive Clones with Antisera Specific for IgM or IgD
Authors: Ligler F. S. , Cambier J. C. , Vitetta E. S. , Kettman J. R. , Uhr J. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study examines the isotype of cell surface immunoglobulins involved in triggering a response to thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens. Antibodies to immunoglobulin isotypes were used to block the in vitro interaction of receptor IgD and IgM with antigen. The results indicate that both IgD and IgM are necessary to trigger a response to TNP-SRBC but that only IgM is required for responsiveness to TNP-Brucella. Limiting dilution studies indicate that the inhibition of the immune response by antibody occurs at the level of precursor activation and suggest that there is no effect of antibody on subsequent proliferation of the daughter cells.
Latent Expression of a Cγ Gene
Authors: Mandy William J. , Strosberg A. Donny 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit 136 represented the first instance whereby more than two alleles for any immunoglobulin locus are detected phenotypically in a single animal. This was reported as the acquisition of the a2 and b6 markers in the animal nominally typed a1a3, b4b5 after intensive immunization. Follow-up studies indicate that another immunoglobulin marker, notably d11, also appeared in the postimmune serum. The d11 specificity was detected serologically by the hemagglutination-inhibition assay and chemically by analysis of the CNBr digestion products involving a strategic methionine.
B Lymphocyte Precursors in Human Bone Marrow: An Analysis of Normal Individuals and Patients with Antibody-Deficiency States
Authors: Pearl Elliott R. , Vogler Larry B. , Okos Anthony J. , Crist William M. , Lawton Alexander R. , Cooper Max D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphoid cells containing cytoplasmic IgM but lacking stable surface IgM are believed to be the direct precursors of B lymphocytes. We have characterized these pre-B cells in the bone marrow of normal individuals and patients with a variety of immunoglobulin deficiencies or hematologic disorders by using immunofluorescence and autoradiography. Pre-B cells comprised 5.8 ± 5.7% of lymphoid cells in normal bone marrow. Eleven patients with infantile X-linked agammaglobulinemia (X-LA) lacked B lymphocytes but had a normal frequency (3.8 ± 3.6%) of bone marrow pre-B cells. A smaller proportion of marrow pre-B cells from patients with X-LA were engaged in spontaneous DNA synthesis than was found for normal controls. In individuals other than the group with X-LA, the number of circulating B cells was positively correlated with the frequency of marrow pre-B cells. These results indicate that patients with X-LA have a defect in maturation of pre-B cells, and suggest that some patients with acquired B lymphocyte deficiency may have lost the capacity to generate pre-B cells from stem cells.
Primary in Vitro Antibody Response of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: Role of Phagocytic Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Delfraissy Jean-François , Galanaud Pierre , Dormont Jean , Wallon Christine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have studied the role of monocytes in the primary in vitro antibody response induced by the insolubilized conjugate of the hapten trinitrophenyl to polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphomonocytic cells (PBL). The depletion of adherent cells by passage on Sephadex G-10 columns does not modify the response. The functional elimination of phagocytic cells by the addition of silica is able, at the higher concentration used (1 mg/culture), to suppress the response profoundly. This response can be restored by the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The lower concentration of silica (100 µg/ml) has an inconstantly suppressive effect, which, when present, is as marked as that of 1 mg/culture. One hundred micrograms of silica alone are able to stimulate the response in some cases, and when associated with 2-ME, has a reproducible enhancing effect. The addition of silica to the PBL of one of the few nonresponders to TNP-PAA allows a response from these cells. Silica does not allow the response of T-depleted cells to TNP-PAA. Thus, monocytes play a role in the response of human B cells to TNP-PAA, with two contrasting effects: Their presence is necessary in order to obtain a response, and in this respect they can apparently be replaced by 2-ME. They have an inhibitory effect which may, in rare instances lead to the absence of an in vitro response.
Human Leukocyte Inhibitory Factor (LIF): Use of Benzoyl L-Arginine Ethyl Ester to Detect LIF Activity
Authors: Rocklin Ross E. , Urbano Anthony M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), a mediator elaborated by activated lymphocytes, has recently been shown to have the properties of an esterase. Further more, the LIF preparation contains an esteratic principle that hydrolyzes the amino acid ester, benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (3H-BAEE). In the present experiments, we sought to determine whether the esterase and biologic activities in the LIF preparation were due to the same or different molecules. This was accomplished by means of two series of experiments. With one approach, LIF was initially subjected to gel filtration and subsequently to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sucrose density gradient electrophoresis, and affinity chromatography. The fractions obtained from each procedure were analyzed for biologic and esterase activities. The results indicate that both activities co-chromatographed with each technique. In addition, there are contaminating esterases present in the LIF preparation that can hydrolyze 3H-BAEE, some activity(ies) of which are eliminated by purification. The other approach directly demonstrated whether BAEE could serve as a substrate for LIF by substrate-competition experiments. BAEE and other structurally related amino acid esters were co-incubated with LIF and the ability of the former to protect the latter against inactivation by esterase inhibitors, or block biologic LIF activity on polymorphonuclear leukocytes was ascertained. It was shown that BAEE specifically prevented the destruction of LIF by diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP) and phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Moreover, BAEE in a dose-dependent fashion, blocked LIF activity on PMN leukocytes in vitro when added to the culture supernatants. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that BAEE may serve as a substrate for LIF and point to the eventual development of a biochemical assay for this lymphocyte mediator.
Alloantigens Determined by A Second D Region Locus Elicit A Strong In Vitro Cytotoxic Response
Authors: Hansen Ted H. , Levy Robert B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The newly defined L antigen (previously designated D') has been studied with the CML assay. BALB/c-H-2db mice, which carry a loss mutation in the D region, were found to generate anti-L cytotoxic effector cells when stimulated with wild-type (BALB/c) cells. When the target cells were treated with an antiserum against L, cytolysis by BALB/c-H-2db anti-BALB/c effectors was completely blocked. However, an antiserum against D, the antigen that bears the D region private specificity, had no effect on the anti-L cytotoxic response. In a control CML experiment that was specific for the D antigen, the antiserum to L had no effect, whereas the antiserum to D blocked completely. These results indicate that the L and D antigens are recognized in a CML response as separate entities on the cell surface. In an allogeneic response to the products of the D region, cytotoxic effectors were generated that were specific for L in addition to those specific for D. This conclusion was supported by blocking experiments with either antisera or unlabeled targets. These functional studies thus extend previous co-capping and immunochemical studies, and further support the hypothesis that L is a third transplantation antigen similar to the K and D antigens.