bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fact from Fiction: The Learning Benefits of Listening to Historical Fiction
Authors: Dwyer Meredyth , Martin‐Chang Sandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmersion into fiction is associated with many educational and social benefits. The current study compared read‐alouds of a historical fiction novel and a nonfiction textbook to determine whether differences were observed in student's transportation, content learning, and socio‐emotional development. In all, 41 students between the ages of 9 and 12 years old listened to either a fiction novel or nonfiction textbook as it was read‐aloud. The participants were then assessed on their content knowledge of the Great Depression, and their self‐reports of transportation, perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and helping behaviors. Results showed that both fiction and nonfiction groups learned the same amount of content; however, positive correlations between transportation and several aspects of socio‐emotional development were unique to the group exposed to fiction. Thus, fiction novels can provide opportunities for the learning of historical information while enabling a child's growth in socio‐emotional development. Classroom‐based implications, strategies, and novel suggestions are discussed.
Simple Synthesis of 1,3‐Dialkylimidazole‐2‐chalcogenones (E=S, Se, Te) from NHC−CO2 Adducts
Authors: Finger Lars H. , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a high yield synthesis of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazole‐2‐chalcogenones from readily available imidazolium‐2‐carboxylate zwitterions NHC−CO2 and elemental chalcogens. In sharp contrast to previous syntheses for corresponding thiones and selones from imidazolium salts and bases our reactions proceed fast with full instead of low conversion and selectivity, decarboxylation is the driving force. Furthermore, this strategy is applicable to all heavier chalcogens including tellurium. Vacuum sublimation of imidazole‐2‐chalcogenones is implemented as convenient method of purification leading to solid instead of liquid products reported in literature. Newly prepared 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazole‐2‐tellone was characterized by XRD analysis and a correlation study of 125Te NMR and 13C NMR shifts with respect to known representatives. The reaction of NHC−CO2 with TMS2S leads to NHC−COS, characterized by XRD analysis, whereas heavier chalcogen derivatives TMS2E (E=Se, Te) did not react with NHC activated CO2.
Introduction to the Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Project Children’s Drawings of Gods: Presentation of the Project and of this Book
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Cocco Christelle , Vinck Dominique , Darbellay Frédéric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis introduction presents the project Children’s Drawings of Gods, relating its history from its origins through the present day. Following this recounting, we explain the organisation of this volume, introduce its parts and subparts, and briefly describe the content of each chapter.
Different Attachment Styles in Relation to Children’s Drawings of God: A Qualitative Exploration of the Use of Symbols in a Dutch Sample
Authors: Muthert Hanneke , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe development and functioning of representations of God are complex processes, in which psychological and cultural factors mutually influence each other. Attachment is a psychological factor that can provide insights into the representation and communication of ideas and experiences regarding supernatural agents in children’s drawings and narratives. Our hypotheses: (1) Securely attached children will use more God representation-related symbols in their drawings than insecurely attached children, (2) These symbols will have a referring and self-transcending character. We explore children’s drawings of God and their accompanying narratives with regard to attachment styles. We describe our theoretical framework and discuss the research process, our use of theory and materials, and our findings. We also present a qualitative analysis of drawings by both insecurely and securely attached children, focusing on qualitative aspects of the drawings and their use of religious symbols. Secure attachment is associated with more God representation-related symbols. Other drawing aspects also relate to attachment. We compare the occurrence of attachment characterizations of relationships with God, the padding of the paper, and the use of anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic images. Finally, we focus on the concrete localization of God on the paper, and the figurative place where children imagined God to be.
The First Discoveries and the Challenges of Researching Representations of Gods in a Continental Country Such as Brazil
Authors: Küntgen-Nery Alberto Domeniconi , Torres Camila Mendonça , Vasconcellos Esdras Guerreiro , Zangari Wellington 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the results of the first research on representations of gods in Brazil, within the context of the Children’s Drawings of Gods project. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions. It is also marked by a strong, predominantly Christian, religious scene. We collected data in the city of São Paulo, the largest and most urbanized city in the country, and in the Guajajara indigenous village in Maranhão, one of the less developed states. Our findings show a large number of representations influenced by Christianity (e.g., anthropomorphic representations of god). Anthromorphic representations appear across the entire sample, but were more prevalent in the children of São Paulo. Among the Guajajaras, there was a greater incidence of non-anthropomorphic representations of god, including animistic representations. The children of São Paulo employed a larger repertoire of representations than the Guajajaras children did. The data presented in this exploratory study reflect a small, convenience sample; they do not represent the Brazilian population as a whole. We suggest that further studies with other groups, religions, and ages. Exploration of the representations of gods in Brazil is still in its infancy; the country promises to be a very fertile field for future research.
The Representation of God in Islam and Its Prohibition: Strategies Used by Iranian Children When Asked to Draw God
Authors: Astaneh Zahra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraditionally, the act of drawing, and specifically drawing God and the prophets, is forbidden in Islam. No verse in the Qur’an indicates a prohibition against drawing in general; however, Muslim scholars do interpret some verses of Qur’an and other prophetic writings as prohibiting the representation of God. In this research, I tested the degree to which children are conscious of this prohibition by asking them to draw God. We collected over 3000 drawings from six cities in Iran. The participants ranged in age from 7 to 14 years. Here, I explore religiosity in the context of contemporary Iran, and present my findings describing various strategies used by Iranian children to accomplish the task of drawing God. Only nine children used the words “sin” or “not permitted” in their descriptions. I found that as participant age increased, so did the likelihood that the participant would indicate that he/she could not draw God, giving reasons such as “God is supreme, incomparable, and beyond imagining,” or, “God is not able to be drawn.” My findings show that children demonstrate increased awareness of this prohibition as they age; this increased awareness potentially reflects a parallel increase in exposure to Muslim teachings on this topic.
“Equipping Work” and the Production of a Large-Scale Digital Infrastructure: An Ethnographic Inquiry into the Children’s Drawings of Gods Project
Authors: Vinck Dominique , Oberhauser Pierre-Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs data sharing and preservation become a major concern in the humanities and social sciences, more and more scholars are lead to produce, organize, and/or manage digital infrastructures. What we call “data equipment” is a major aspect of such work. Our study draws on an ongoing ethnographic inquiry into theChildren’s Drawings of Godsproject, focusing on the production and organization of the project database. We describe how the drawings are “equipped,” i.e. how entities are added to the original material and transformed in order to make the data usable and sharable at different scales. We document the constitution of the data (production and recollection of drawings and metadata, production of further metadata) and the transformation of the drawings during this process. Doing so, we show some important aspects of the project regarding the building of its digital infrastructure.
Brief History of the Database Children’s Drawings of Gods (2015–2019)
Authors: Serbaeva Olga 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 2009, a database (DB) in FileMakerPro was set up for supporting the project Dessins de dieux (DDD), also called the Children’s Drawings of Gods project. In 2015, it was migrated into Structured Query Language (SQL). This presentation shall summarize the major changes the database underwent from 2015 to the beginning of 2019. First, I will present the structural particularities of the MySQL database. Then I will provide a brief description of the technical and architectural solutions that had to be implemented in the new, Resource Description Framework (RDF) database, in order to accommodate the needs of the Children’s Drawings of Gods research project.
Children’s God Representations: Are Anthropomorphic God Figures Only Human?
Authors: Dessart Grégory 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn many religious traditions, anthropomorphism plays a central role in visual representations of the divine. As suggested by the notion ofminimally counterintuitiveproperties (e.g., Boyer, Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture, New York, pp. 391–411, 1994), some peculiar ontological arrangements (e.g., ontological violations) tend to characterize religious representations. In the case of human-like God figures, such ontological peculiarities may consist of either: a combination of humanness and non-humanness (e.g., a human figure with wings), or a lack of central characteristics presenting qualities that are central to the human category (e.g., a face). The former corresponds to Guthrie’s (Faces in the clouds: A new theory of religion, New York, 1993) observation of the recurrentsameness-othernesscombination with the human being to depict the divine. Such conceptual arrangements may change across a child’s development. However, research on children’s God representations has systematically considered anthropomorphic figures as distinct from non-anthropomorphic ones. The current work proposes a revised developmental model that accounts for domain-specific properties used by children to signify the special position of God as compared to human beings. That model is particularly appropriate to consider God representations as depicted in children’s drawings.
Construction and Transgression of Gender Categories in Representations of Divine Figures: A Cross-Cultural Study of Children’s Drawings
Authors: Dessart Grégory , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Brandt Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research addresses how gods may be gender-typed in children’s drawings. It offers cross-cultural comparisons on four distinct samples of drawings from Japan, Switzerland, Buryatia and Saint Petersburg (Russia). We discuss the challenges that arise when rating gender categories in children’s drawings, especially when drawing on a cross-cultural sample. Then we propose two approaches for the empirical analysis of the data: (1) providing a general description of the utilization of gender categories; (2) considering the data from a qualitative perspective, comparing children’s strategies and cultural references. In the main, while there seems to be cultural differences (as observed between samples), three main sources of normative pressure might exist: androcentrism, same-gender preference, and masculine hegemony. We discuss the observed phenomena in terms of socio-normative influence, cultural and religious references made available, gender traits, and gender transgression.
Where Gods Dwell? Part I: Spatial Imagery in Children’s Drawings of Gods
Authors: Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Cocco Christelle , Dessart Grégory , Brandt Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupernatural agents, although imagined by humans as omnipresent, cannot escape being placed (at least mentally) by believers somewhere in physical space. For example, kami in Shintoism are believed to reside in natural elements of the landscape. In Christianity, God is typically associated with Heaven. Similarly, Jesus is said to have ascended into Heaven after his resurrection. According to Buddhist mythology, gods live in the heavens, and the next Buddha, Maitreya, will descend to earth from heaven.This study (Part I of a two-part project) investigates the role of spatiality in children’s conceptions of the divine as shown through their drawings of god. We collected drawings by participants from four different cultural and religious environments (n = 1156): Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity). Our study indicates that the tendency to place god in the sky was not strongly related to a particular cultural or religious context. Children from all groups most often drew god either in the sky or with no background at all. We note two implications for folk psychology: (1) Children tend to conceptualize god in single location, (2) They often associate the divine with a celestial background.
Computer Vision and Mathematical Methods Used to Analyse Children’s Drawings of God(s)
Authors: Cocco Christelle , Ceré Raphaël 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn contrast to mainstream research methods in psychology, the project Children’s Drawings of Gods encompasses computer vision and mathematical methods to analyse the data (drawings and drawing annotations). The first part of the present work describes a set of methods designed to extract measures, namely features, directly from the drawings and from annotations of the images. Then, the dissimilarities between the drawings are computed based on particular features (such as the gravity centre of the smallest image unit, namely pixel, or the annotated position of god) and combined in order to measure numerically the differences between the drawings. In the second part, we conduct an exploratory data analysis based on these dissimilarities, including multidimensional scaling and clustering, in order to determine whether the chosen features permit us to distinguish the different strategies that the children used to draw god.
Toward Decolonized Film Festival Worlds
Authors: Dovey Lindiwe , Sendra Estrella 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter is in part a manifesto and in part an engagement with the thinking and practice already re-shaping film festivals in this era of decolonization and Covid-19. We take as a starting point and analyze the provocative docu-fiction film titled Film Festival Film (dir. Perivi Katjavivi and Mpumelelo Mcata, 2019, South Africa) which raises myriad, difficult, and enduring questions about film festivals and contemporary film culture. Reading the provocations of this film alongside our own respective research into and work with film festivals and film curation (mostly in relation to African filmmaking), we then put ourselves into conversation with 22 film festival curators and filmmakers around the world who have shared their experiences with us, as well as with recent decolonial theorizing (by, e.g., Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Mignolo and Walsh). The chapter grapples with questions such as what does decolonization mean in relation to contemporary film culture? What would decolonized film festival worlds look like? And what have film practitioners learned from their work during the Covid-19 pandemic that might help us to collectively realize those worlds? In this way, we try to chart the significant work being done by many people to build more inclusive, sustainable, decolonized film cultures.
Festivals, Covid-19, and the Crisis of Archiving
Authors: Damiens Antoine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBuilding upon my experience working with festival archives, this chapter examines some of the challenges with archiving festivals in times of pandemic. It argues that festival organizers, scholars, and amateur historians must collect and preserve a maximum of documents on festivals’ responses to the pandemic: while we collectively are living through a historical moment (an unprecedented crisis), there is a real possibility that the festivals organized in Covid times may not be properly archived. In particular, I look at some of the reasons why festivals are rarely properly archived and examine the impact of technology on the preservation of festival histories. I then discuss how the lack of a clear archival impetus will shape future research on festivals and argue for a reconceptualization of academic scholarship as a counterarchival gesture.
Vidéo de Femmes Dans le Parc: Feminist Rhythms and Festival Times Under Covid
Authors: Olibet Ylenia , Thain Alanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVidéo de Femmes dans le Parc (VFP) (Women’s Videos in the Park) is a summertime open-air screening of independent short videos, held annually since 1991 at Park La Fontaine in Montreal, Canada, by Groupe Intervention Vidéo (GIV), an independent feminist/queer distribution company. In this essay, we explore VFP’s historical use of public space and its reimagination under Covid’s urgent sanitary crisis and chronic social inequities. Within the media ecology of Montreal’s outdoor cinemas, we see GIV’s creative decision to move VFP online during Covid as part of a longer history of alternative media’s unconventional exhibition modes that address social inequalities. As such, we first situate VFP within GIV’s wider mandate of dissemination of video work by women. We then analyze VFP’s “visual architecture” under Covid, stressing the organizers’ original strategies to reproduce a sense of eventness even through online exhibition. We conclude with questions of embodied and affective labor, including audiences’ wellbeing, artist renumeration, and self-care, that the shift online entails for the organizers of VFP.
Increased Anthropogenic Activity in the Mediterranean Since the Opening of the Suez Canal
Authors: Polinov Semion 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHumans depend on oceans and seas’ marine ecosystems for important and valuable goods and services, but human use has also altered the marine environment through direct and indirect means. Land-based and ocean-based human activities vary in their intensity of impact on the marine environmental conditions and their spatial distribution across the scape. Since opening the Suez Canal, the spatial distribution of such a human-made environmental change needs to be understood and quantified to be able to evaluate tradeoffs between the canal and the protection of the Mediterranean marine ecosystem. Such temporal and spatial evaluation will help to improve and rationalize the spatial management of the Mediterranean Sea of human activities. Evaluation of the ecological impact of the Suez Canal on the Mediterranean Sea requires a method for translating the impact into marine impacts and spatial data of the activities.
Stranding of the Mega-Ship Ever Given in the Suez Canal: Causes, Consequences, and Lessons to Be Learned
Authors: Gerson Aleksander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn March 2021, the mega container ship Ever Given, a 400-m-long vessel weighing 200,000 tons, with a maximum capacity of 20,000 containers, grounded in the southernmost stretch of the Suez Canal. Ship convoys in the southern part of the Suez Canal can only travel in a single lane, therefore the grounding of the Ever Given effectively blocked all traffic through the Canal. The six-day blockage exacted a heavy financial price and loss of revenues for Egypt and for consumers worldwide. When the Ever Given was finally freed, she was arrested by Egyptian authorities and detained for over three months, while all her cargo worth hundreds of millions of dollars could not reach its various destinations, causing further financial losses and claims. This incident demonstrates the vital importance that Suez Canal holds for global maritime trade by considerably shortening the route between the Far East and Europe and the Americas (as an alternative to journeying around Africa). However, it highlights the consequences of failure to adapt to the pace of growth of container ships in the last two decades, and the lack of preparedness of the Suez Authorities to deal with an event of such magnitude. The race to increase profitability by economies of scale has a profound global impact on shipping and ports. The article discusses the regulatory regime of this vital waterway in the context of responsibilities, liability, and cooperation between Suez Canal authorities and ships’ commands. The lack of clarity regarding legal relationships between national authorities, ship operators, and masters is discussed with emphasis on straits, narrow passages, rivers, and channels.
The Global Oil Market and the Status of the Suez Canal
Authors: Mann Yossi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Suez Canal has played a significant role in the economic history of the Middle East. It is an important source of revenue for Egypt and a conduit for the commodity that is identified more than any other with the nations of the region: oil. The most traded commodity in the world is considered a mainstay of the Suez Canal’s revenue, constituting about 20% of the goods transferred through it. Despite its role as an important conduit of oil, geopolitical events, and international economic crises have undermined the Suez Canal’s international status. This chapter aims to describe the reciprocal relationship between the oil market and the Suez Canal. The chapter will begin with a discussion of the impact of the Arab–Israeli conflict on global oil trade through the Suez Canal, and will follow up with an examination of the impact of economic crises and OPEC decisions on canal traffic. Finally, the chapter will suggest several factors that might damage the Suez Canal’s international status in the long term.
Personality Rights, Privacy, and Post-mortem Privacy Protection in Archives: International Comparison, Germany and “Protection of Legitimate Interests”
Authors: Čtvrtník Mikuláš 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter together with Chaps. 3 and 4, will address the protection of personality rights in archives in the broader context of the issue of access to archival records, and in some respects also on the general level of the protection of information not only of personal nature. In doing so, it will focus on several selected specific situations, models, or special procedural settings that can be encountered in the archival systems of some countries, namely the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, and it will also touch on the situation in the USA and some other countries that may also serve as inspirational moments that could potentially be used in other archival systems. Special attention will be paid to post-mortem protection of personality and privacy. This chapter will introduce several illustrative examples from some countries and show how archival legislation can complement the scope of law regulating the field of post-mortem privacy protection. The chapter will focus on introductory general international comparison, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the archival sector and its relation to the protection of personal data and personal information of living persons, the right to be forgotten together with the freedom of expression, right to access to information and will conclude with an analysis of the specific situation in Germany.