bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIMUS: super-compact Dimuonium Spectroscopy collider at Fermilab
Authors: Fox Patrick J. , Jindariani Sergo , Shiltsev Vladimir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While dimuonium (μ
+
μ
-) — the “smallest QED atom”
— has not yet been observed, it is of utmost fundamental interest.
By virtue of the larger mass, dimuonium has greater sensitivity to
beyond the standard model (BSM) effects than its cousins positronium
or muonium, both discovered long ago, while not suffering from large
QCD uncertainties. Dimuonium atoms can be created in e
+
e
-
collisions with large longitudinal momentum, allowing them to decay
a small distance away from the beam crossing point and avoid prompt
backgrounds. We envision a unique cost-effective and fast-timeline
opportunity for copious production of (μ
+
μ
-) atoms at the
production threshold via a modest modification of existing Fermilab
Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility to arrange
collisions of 408 MeV electrons and positrons at a 75°
angle. This compact 23 m circumference collider (DIMUS) will allow
for precision tests of QED and open the door for searches for new
physics coupled to the muon. The FAST facility is perfectly suited
for DIMUS as there are existing SRF accelerators and infrastructure,
capable of producing high energy, high current electron and positron
beams, sufficient for O(1032)cm2 s-1
luminosity and ∼0.5 million dimuons per year. The expansion
will require installation of a second SRF cryomodule, positron
production and accumulation system, fast injection/extraction
kickers and two small circumference intersecting rings. An
approximately meter-sized detector with several layers of modern
pixelated silicon detector and crystal-based electromagnetic
calorimeters will ensure observation of the decays of dimuonium to
electron-positron pairs in presence of the Bhabba scattering
background. An expansion of the system to include solenoidal magnet
outside of the calorimeter system, a layer of steel shielding behind
the magnet, and a set of dedicated muon detectors would extend the
physics program of DIMUS to include precision studies of rare
processes with muons, pions, and η mesons produced in
e
+
e
- collisions.
Triaxial bioprinting large-size vascularized constructs with nutrient channels
Authors: Zhang Junbiao , Suttapreyasri Srisurang , Leethanakul Chidchanok , Samruajbenjakun Bancha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bioprinting has demonstrated great advantages in tissue and organ regeneration. However, constructing large-scale tissue and organs in vitro is still a huge challenge due to the lack of some strategies for loading multiple types of cells precisely while maintaining nutrient channels. Here, a new 3D bioprinting strategy was proposed to construct large-scale vascularized tissue. A mixture of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and sodium alginate (Alg) was used as a bioink, serving as the outer and middle layers of a single filament in the triaxial printing process, and loaded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively, while a calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution was used as the inner layer. The CaCl2 solution crosslinked with the middle layer bioink during the printing process to form and maintain hollow nutrient channels, then a stable large-scale construct was obtained through photopolymerization and ion crosslinking after printing. The feasibility of this strategy was verified by investigating the properties of the bioink and construct, and the biological performance of the vascularized construct. The results showed that a mixture of 5% (w/v) GelMA and 1% (w/v) Alg bioink could be printed at room temperature with good printability and perfusion capacity. Then, the construct with and without channels was fabricated and characterized, and the results revealed that the construct with channels had a similar degradation profile to that without channels, but lower compressive modulus and higher swelling rate. Biological investigation showed that the construct with channels was more favorable for cell survival, proliferation, diffusion, migration, and vascular network formation. In summary, it was demonstrated that constructing large-scale vascularized tissue by triaxial printing that can precisely encapsulate multiple types of cells and form nutrient channels simultaneously was feasible, and this technology could be used to prepare large-scale vascularized constructs.
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells laden in gellan gum spongy-like hydrogels for volumetric muscle loss treatment
Authors: Alheib Omar , da Silva Lucilia P , Mesquita Katia A , da Silva Morais Alain , Pirraco Rogério P , Reis Rui L , Correlo Vitor M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic massive loss of muscular tissue which frequently leads to amputation, limb loss, or lifetime disability. The current medical intervention is limited to autologous tissue transfer, which usually leads to non-functional tissue recovery. Tissue engineering holds a huge promise for functional recovery. Methods: in this work, we evaluated the potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) pre-cultured in gellan gum based spongy-like hydrogels (SLHs). Results: in vitro, hASCs were spreading, proliferating, and releasing growth factors and cytokines (i.e. fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor) important for muscular regeneration. After implantation into a volumetric muscle loss (VML) mouse model, implants were degrading overtime, entirely integrating into the host between 4 and 8 weeks. In both SLH and SLH + hASCs defects, infiltrated cells were observed inside constructs associated with matrix deposition. Also, minimal collagen deposition was marginally observed around the constructs along both time-points. Neovascularization (CD31+ vessels) and neoinnervation (β-III tubulin+ bundles) were significantly detected in the SLH + hASCs group, in relation to the SHAM (empty lesion). A higher density of α-SA+ and MYH7+ cells were found in the injury site among all different experimental groups, at both time-points, in relation to the SHAM. The levels of α-SA, MyoD1, and myosin heavy chain proteins were moderately increased in the SLH + hASCs group after 4 weeks, and in the hASCs group after 8 weeks, in relation to the SHAM. Conclusions: taken together, defects treated with hASCs-laden SLH promoted angiogenesis, neoinnervation, and the expression of myogenic proteins.
CNT incorporation improves the resolution and stability of porous 3D printed PLGA/HA/CNT scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Kaya Hatice , Arıcı Şule , Bulut Osman , Bilgili Fuat , Ege Duygu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, 3D printed porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and its nanocomposites with 5 wt. % hydroxyapatite (HA) and 0.5, 1 and 2 wt. % carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds were fabricated by using extrusion-based printing. The printing parameters were optimized by rheological studies. The rheological studies demonstrated shear thinning properties for all compositions and an increase in storage modulus was observed after the addition of CNT. Porous PLGA/HA/CNT scaffolds were printed by applying a pressure of 4.76 bar at 125 °C. The addition of 0.5 wt. % of CNT reduced the strut size and increased the porosity from 42% to 60%. The increase in storage modulus and decrease in strut size were related to hydrogen bonding between CNT, HA and PLGA which ultimately improved shape fidelity. The scaffolds were characterized by analysis of their chemical structure, water contact angle measurement, in vitro bioactivity test, biodegradation test, mechanical analysis, and in vitro cell studies. The scaffolds were found to be more hydrophilic by the incorporation of CNTs. Also, degradation studies showed that the microstructure of the scaffold became more stable with the addition of HA and CNT. The compressive modulus of PLGA/HA/CNT2 scaffold was found to be 548.5 MPa, which is found suitable to replace cancellous bone. The scaffolds were found to be highly biocompatible which is possibly due to alignment of CNT and PLGA during 3D printing process. Alizarin red staining indicated improvement of mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells on the CNT incorporated porous 3D scaffolds. The results suggest that the produced porous 3D printed PLGA/HA/CNT scaffolds are promising for bone regeneration applications.
Quantum integrability vs experiments: correlation functions and dynamical structure factors
Authors: Lencsés M , Mussardo G , Takács G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Integrable Quantum Field Theories can be solved exactly using bootstrap techniques based on their elastic and factorisable S-matrix. While knowledge of the scattering amplitudes reveals the exact spectrum of particles and their on-shell dynamics, the expression of the matrix elements of the various operators allows the reconstruction of off-shell quantities such as two-point correlation functions with a high level of precision. In this review, we summarise results relevant to the contact point between theory and experiment providing a number of quantities that can be computed theoretically with great accuracy. We concentrate on universal amplitude ratios which can be determined from the measurement of generalised susceptibilities, and dynamical structure factors, which can be accessed experimentally e.g. via inelastic neutron scattering or nuclear magnetic resonance. Besides an overview of the subject and a summary of recent advances, we also present new results regarding generalised susceptibilities in the tricritical Ising universality class.
Increased breath naphthalene in children with asthma and wheeze of the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE)
Authors: Shahrokny P , Maison N , Riemann L , Ehrmann M , DeLuca D , Schuchardt S , Thiele D , Weckmann M , Dittrich A M , Schaub B , Brinkmann F , Hansen G , Kopp M V , von Mutius E , Rabe K F , Bahmer T , Hohlfeld J M , Grychtol R , Holz O ,   The ALLIANCE Study Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Exhaled breath contains numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to be related to lung disease like asthma. Its collection is non-invasive, simple to perform and therefore an attractive method for the use even in young children. We analysed breath in children of the multicenter All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) to evaluate if ‘breathomics’ have the potential to phenotype patients with asthma and wheeze, and to identify extrinsic risk factors for underlying disease mechanisms. A breath sample was collected from 142 children (asthma: 51, pre-school wheezers: 55, healthy controls: 36) and analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Children were diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines and comprehensively examined each year over up to seven years. Forty children repeated the breath collection after 24 or 48 months. Most breath VOCs differing between groups reflect the exposome of the children. We observed lower levels of lifestyle-related VOCs and higher levels of the environmental pollutants, especially naphthalene, in children with asthma or wheeze. Naphthalene was also higher in symptomatic patients and in wheezers with recent inhaled corticosteroid use. No relationships with lung function or TH2 inflammation were detected. Increased levels of naphthalene in asthmatics and wheezers and the relationship to disease severity could indicate a role of environmental or indoor air pollution for the development or progress of asthma. Breath VOCs might help to elucidate the role of the exposome for the development of asthma. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02496468).
Dual-band electro-optically steerable antenna
Authors: Vovchuk Dmytro , Mikhailovskaya Anna , Dobrykh Dmitry , Salgals Toms , Ginzburg Pavel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ability to obtain dynamic control over an antenna radiation pattern is one of the main functions, desired in a vast range of applications, including wireless communications, radars, and many others. Widely used approaches include mechanical scanning with antenna apertures and phase switching in arrays. Both of those realizations have severe limitations, related to scanning speeds and implementation costs. Here we demonstrate a solution, where the antenna pattern is switched with optical signals. The system encompasses an active element, surrounded by a set of cylindrically arranged passive dipolar directors, functionalized with tunable impedances. The control circuit is realized as a bipolar transistor, driven by a photodiode. Light illumination in this case serves as a trigger, capable of either closing or opening the transistor, switching the impedance between two values. Following this approach, a compact half-a-wavelength footprint antenna, capable of switching between 6 dBi directional patterns within a few milliseconds’ latency was demonstrated. The developed light activation approach allows constructing devices with multiple almost non-interacting degrees of freedom, as a branched feeding network is not required. The capability of flexible switching between multiple electromagnetic degrees of freedom opens pathways to new wireless applications, where fast beam steering and beamforming performances are required.
A hybrid quantum–classical neural network for learning transferable visual representation
Authors: Wang Ruhan , Richerme Philip , Chen Fan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
State-of-the-art quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms fail to offer practical advantages over their notoriously powerful classical counterparts, due to the limited learning capabilities of QML algorithms, the constrained computational resources available on today’s noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, and the empirically designed circuit ansatz for QML models. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a hybrid quantum–classical neural network (CaNN), which we call QCLIP, for Quantum Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training. Rather than training a supervised QML model to predict human annotations, QCLIP focuses on more practical transferable visual representation learning, where the developed model can be generalized to work on unseen downstream datasets. QCLIP is implemented by using CaNNs to generate low-dimensional data feature embeddings followed by quantum neural networks to adapt and generalize the learned representation in the quantum Hilbert space. Experimental results show that the hybrid QCLIP model can be efficiently trained for representation learning. We evaluate the representation transfer capability of QCLIP against the classical Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training model on various datasets. Simulation results and real-device results on NISQ IBM_Auckland quantum computer both show that the proposed QCLIP model outperforms the classical CLIP model in all test cases. As the field of QML on NISQ devices is continually evolving, we anticipate that this work will serve as a valuable foundation for future research and advancements in this promising area.
The facilitators and barriers to improving functional activity and wellbeing in people with dementia: a qualitative study from the process evaluation of Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED)
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , van der Wardt Veronika , Pollock Kristian , Howe Louise , Booth Vicky , Logan Pip , Gladman John , Masud Tahir , das Nair Roshan , Goldberg Sarah , Vedhara Kavita , O’Brien Rebecca , Adams Emma , Cowley Alison , Bosco Alessandro , Hancox Jennie , Burgon Clare , Bajwa Rupinder , Lock Juliette , Long Annabelle , Godfrey Maureen , Dunlop Marianne , Harwood Rowan H 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe PRomoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED) study delivered an exercise and functional activity programme to participants living with dementia. A Randomised Controlled Trial showed no measurable benefits in activities of daily living, physical activity or quality of life.ObjectiveTo explore participants’ responses to PrAISED and explain why an intervention that might be expected to have produced measurable health gains did not do so.MethodsA process evaluation using qualitative methods, comprising interviews and researcher notes.SettingData were collected in participants’ homes or remotely by telephone or videoconferencing.SampleA total of 88 interviews were conducted with 44 participants living with dementia (n = 32 intervention group; n = 12 control group) and 39 caregivers. A total of 69 interviews were conducted with 26 therapists.ResultsParticipants valued the intervention as proactively addressing health issues that were of concern to them, and as a source of social contact, interaction, information and advice. Facilitators to achieving positive outcomes included perceiving progress towards desired goals, positive expectations, therapists’ skills and rapport with participants, and caregiver support. Barriers included: cognitive impairment, which prevented independent engagement and carry-over between sessions; chronic physical health problems and intercurrent acute illness and injury; ‘tapering’ (progressively infrequent supervision intended to help develop habits and independent activity); and the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsSelf-directed interventions may not be appropriate in the context of dementia, even in the mild stages of the condition. Dementia-specific factors affected outcomes including caregiver support, rapport with therapists, availability of supervision, motivational factors and the limitations of remote delivery. The effects of cognitive impairment, multimorbidity and frailty overwhelmed any positive impact of the intervention. Maintenance of functional ability is valued, but in the face of inevitable progression of disease, other less tangible outcomes become important, challenging how we frame ‘health gain’ and trial outcomes.
Differences and similarities in selenium biopathways in Astragalus, Neptunia (Fabaceae) and Stanleya (Brassicaceae) hyperaccumulators
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Salinitro Mirko , Brueckner Dennis , Spiers Kathryn M , Montanari Sofia , Tassoni Annalisa , Schiavon Michela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Selenium hyperaccumulator species are of primary interest for studying the evolution of hyperaccumulation and for use in biofortification because selenium is an essential element in human nutrition. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the distributions of selenium in the three most studied hyperaccumulating taxa (Astragalus bisulcatus, Stanleya pinnata and Neptunia amplexicaulis) are similar or contrasting, in order to infer the underlying physiological mechanisms.

Methods
This study used synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) techniques to visualize the distribution of selenium and other elements in fresh hydrated plant tissues of A. racemosus, S. pinnata and N. amplexicaulis.

Key Results
Selenium distribution differed widely in the three species: in the leaves of A. racemosus and N. amplexicaulis selenium was mainly concentrated in the pulvini, whereas in S. pinnata it was primarilylocalized in the leaf margins. In the roots and stems of all three species, selenium was absent in xylem cells, whereas it was particularly concentrated in the pith rays of S. pinnata and in the phloem cells of A. racemosus and N. amplexicaulis.

Conclusions
This study shows that Astragalus, Stanleya and Neptunia have different selenium-handling physiologies, with different mechanisms for translocation and storage of excess selenium. Important dissimilarities among the three analysed species suggest that selenium hyperaccumulation has probably evolved multiple times over under similar environmental pressures in the US and Australia.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β1 participates in promoting parturition related pathways in the ovoviviparous teleost black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
Authors: Yan Shaojing , Lyu Likang , Wang Xiaojie , Wen Haishen , Li Yun , Li Jianshuang , Yao Yijia , Zuo Chenpeng , Xie Songyang , Wang Zhijun , Qi Xin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Along with the evolution process, the reproductive strategies evolved including oviparity, viviparity and ovoviviparity, to fit the residential environment maximize the survival rate of the off spring. In mammals, the key to the initiation of parturition is the inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) plays an important role in the process of human parturition. While less is known about IL1β1 in teleost parturition, identification of the functions of IL1β1 in inducing the parturition, black rockfish, an ovoviviparity teleost, which provides over 60% nutrition supply for over 50 000 embryos though a placenta like structure during pregnant, was employed as the research model. In the present study, based on the gene cloning, we detected the expression pattern of both Il1b1 and its receptor perinatal period, as well as the localization to the ovary by in situ hybridization. The different expression genes in transcriptomic data of perinatal primary ovarian cells treated with the recombinant IL1β1 (rIL1β1) obtained by prokaryotic expression system were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment and pathway analysis mainly included immune response, signal transduction and cell death. In summary, our research provides novel insights into the potential role of IL1β1 in the parturition of ovoviviparity teleost.
MOY 2 MicroRNAs as Bile Based Biomarkers for Pancreaticobiliary Cancers (MIRABILE)
Authors: Liu Daniel S.K. , Prado Mireia Mato , Giovannetti Elisa , Jiao Long R. , Krell Jonathan , Frampton Adam E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are commonly deregulated in cancer and are incredibly stable molecules in tissues and biofluids. Accurate identification of a malignant biliary stricture can sometimes be challenging. We aimed to identify miRNAs in the bile that are able to differentiate between malignant (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)) and benign pancreaticobiliary disease.

Methods
There were 111 patients recruited prospectively at initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for obstructive jaundice and bile aspirated for analysis. Total cell-free RNA was extracted from the bile from a discovery cohort of patients (n=78: 27 PDAC, 14 CCA, and 37 benign disease) and small RNA sequencing was performed. LASSO regression analysis was used to define bile miRNA signatures, and NormFinder used to identify endogenous controls. A validation cohort was used (n=87: 34 PDAC, 14 CCA, and 39 benign disease) to confirm candidate miRNAs using TaqMan RT-qPCR.

Results
We identified 6 potential bile miRNAs, of which 4 were suitable for RT-qPCR validation. We found miR-340 and miR-182 were significantly differentially expressed (p=0.0268 and p=0.0004 respectively) in malignant vs. benign bile, with combined AUC of 0.80 (sensitivity 64.6%; specificity 82.1%) for predicting malignant pancreaticobiliary disease. Adding serum CA 19-9 to this bile miRNA model improved the diagnostic potential (AUC 0.85: sensitivity of 86.4%; specificity of 71.4%).

Conclusions
Bile obtained at ERCP contains miRNAs able to differentiate benign from malignant pancreaticobiliary disease. Our novel bile miRNAs can be used with serum CA 19-9 to rapidly detect CCA and PDAC in patients presenting with obstructive jaundice.