bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation characteristics of hydrological response to water conservancy construction in the Qinhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Fei , Zhou Xiawan , Lyu Jiqiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvestigating the response characteristics of various hydrological factors to water conservancy projects area in basin and evaluating their impact on the ecological environment are crucial for ecological protection and restoration on the Loess Plateau, China, with a complex environment. In this study, we employed a geomorphology‐based hydrological model to simulate the hydrological elements of the Qinhe River Basin on the Loess Plateau. We explored the response characteristics of the water cycle and hydrological processes to the construction of reservoirs in the basin. Additionally, we also examined multiyear changes in peak flood volume and sediment discharge during flood seasons influenced by reservoirs. The sub‐basins hosting reservoirs initialled an increase in evaporation, followed by a decrease. During the change periods, both runoff and soil water decreased, but remained higher than the mean values for the basin during the same period. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of sub‐basins associated with five reservoirs was obviously higher than the mean value for the basin during the same period. The peak flood volume and sediment discharge in the basin were characterized by decreasing trends, with the latter showing weak sustainability. The value of each index for a sub‐basin associated with a reservoir was higher than the average value for the basin. The construction and operation of reservoirs had a positive impact on the ecology of the basin. Water and soil conservation measures, including sediment regulation and storage using reservoirs, effectively decreased water hazard and soil erosion in the basin. This study provides a scientific basis for the construction of water conservancy projects and ecological governance in the basin.
Discovering targeted inhibitors for Escherichia coli efflux pump fusion proteins using computational and structure‐guided approaches
Authors: Chauhan Shweta Singh , Gupta Anshika , Srivastava Aashna , Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultidrug resistance pathogens causing infections and illness remain largely untreated clinically. Efflux pumps are one of the primary processes through which bacteria develop resistance by transferring antibiotics from the interior of their cells to the outside environment. Inhibiting these pumps by developing efficient derivatives appears to be a promising strategy for restoring antibiotic potency. This investigation explores literature‐reported inhibitors of E. coli efflux pump fusion proteins AcrB‐AcrA and identify potential chemical derivatives of these inhibitors to overcome the limitations. Using computational and structure‐guided approaches, a study was conducted with the selected inhibitors (AcrA:25‐AcrB:59) obtained by data mining and their derivatives (AcrA:857‐AcrB:3891) to identify their inhibitory effect on efflux pump using virtual screening, molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The finding indicates that Compound 2 (ZINC000072136376) has shown better binding and a significant inhibitory effect on AcrA, while Compound 3 (ZINC000072266819) has shown stronger binding and substantial inhibition effect on both non‐mutant and mutated AcrB subunits. The identified derivatives could exhibit a better inhibitor and provide a potential approach for restoring the actions of resistant antibiotics.
Immunogenicity of Cemiplimab: Low Incidence of Antidrug Antibodies and Cut‐Point Suitability Across Tumor Types
Authors: Valentine Jenny L. , Dengler Andrew , Zhao An , Truong Tiffany , McAfee Sean , Hassanein Mohamed , Irvin Susan C. , Chen Jihua , Meng Xiao , Yan Hong , Torri Albert , Sumner Giane , Andisik Matthew D. , Paccaly Anne , Partridge Michael A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe immunogenicity of cemiplimab, a fully human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death 1, was assessed in patients across multiple tumor types. The development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) against cemiplimab was monitored using a validated bridging immunoassay. To identify ADA‐positive samples in the assay, statistically determined cut points were established by analyzing baseline clinical study samples from a mixed population of different tumor types, and this validation cut point was used to assess immunogenicity in all subsequent studies. Regulatory guidance requires that ADA assay cut points be verified for appropriateness in different patient populations. Thus, for the cemiplimab ADA assay, we evaluated whether each new oncology population was comparable with the validation population used to set the cut point. Assay responses from 2393 individual serum samples from 8 different tumor types were compared with the validation population, using established statistical methods for cut‐point determination and comparison, with no significant differences observed. Across tumor types, the immunogenicity of cemiplimab was low, with an overall treatment‐emergent ADA incidence rate of 1.9% and 2.5% at intravenous dose regimens of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks and 350 mg every 3 weeks, respectively. Moreover, no neutralizing antibodies to cemiplimab were detected in patients with ADA‐positive samples, and there was no observed impact of cemiplimab ADAs on pharmacokinetics. Study‐specific cut points may be required in some diseases, such as immune and inflammatory diseases; however, based on this analysis, in‐study cut points are not required for each new oncology disease indication for cemiplimab.
Postnatal development of the hippocampal GABAergic system in rats genetically prone to audiogenic seizures
Authors: Ivlev Andrey P. , Naumova Alexandra A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEpileptogenesis can be associated with altered genetic control of the GABAergic system. Here we analyzed Krushinsky–Molodkina (KM) rats genetically prone to audiogenic epilepsy. KM rats express fully formed audiogenic seizures (AGSs) not early, then they reach 3 months. At the age of 1–2 months, KM rats either do not express AGS or demonstrate an incomplete pattern of seizure. Such long‐term development of AGS susceptibility makes KM rats an especially convenient model to investigate the mechanisms and dynamics of the development of inherited epilepsy. The analysis of the GABAergic system of the hippocampus of KM rats was done during postnatal development at the 15th, 60th, and 120th postnatal days. Wistar rats of corresponding ages were used as a control. In the hippocampus of KM pups, we observed a decrease in the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and parvalbumin (PV), which points to a decrease in the activity of GABAergic neurons. Analysis of the 2‐month‐old KM rats showed an increase in GAD67 and PV expression while synapsin I and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) were decreased. In adult KM rats, the expression of GAD67, PV, and synapsin I was upregulated. Altogether, the obtained data indicate significant alterations in GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus of audiogenic KM rats during the first postnatal months.
S‐adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide riboside therapy in Arts syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Angela , Knox Renatta , Reynolds Margaret , McRoy Erin , Nguyen Hoanh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhospho‐ribosyl‐pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) deficiency is secondary to loss of function variants in PRPS1. This enzyme generates phospho‐ribosyl‐pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is utilized in the synthesis of purines, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and NAD phosphate (NADP), among other metabolic pathways. Arts syndrome, or severe PRPS1 deficiency, is an X‐linked condition characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, developmental delays, ataxia, hypotonia, and recurrent infections that can cause progressive clinical decline, often resulting in death before 5 years of age. Supplementation of the purine and NAD pathways outside of PRPP‐dependent reactions is a logical approach and has been reported in a handful of patients, two with S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and one with SAMe and nicotinamide riboside (NR). We present the clinical course of a fourth Arts syndrome patient who was started on therapy and review previously reported patients. All patients had stability or improvement of symptoms, suggesting that SAMe and NR can be a treatment option in Arts syndrome, though further studies are warranted.
Neural responses to gender‐based microaggressions in academic medicine
Authors: Balters Stephanie , Foland‐Ross Lara C. , Bruno Jennifer , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Valantine Hannah , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGender‐based microaggressions have been associated with persistent disparities between women and men in academia. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying those often subtle and unintentional yet detrimental behaviors. Here, we assessed the neural responses to gender‐based microaggressions in 28 early career faculty in medicine (N = 16 female, N = 12 male sex) using fMRI. Participants watched 33 videos of situations demonstrating gender‐based microaggressions and control situations in academic medicine. Video topics had been previously identified through real‐life anecdotes about microaggression from women faculty and were scripted and reenacted using professional actors. Primary voxel‐wise analyses comparing group differences in activation elucidated a significant group by condition interaction in a right‐lateralized cluster across the frontal (inferior and middle frontal gyri, frontal pole, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus) and parietal lobes (supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus). Whereas women faculty exhibited reduced activation in these regions during the microaggression relative to the control condition, the opposite was true for men. Posthoc analyses showed that these patterns were significantly associated with the degree to which participants reported feeling judged for their gender in academic medicine. Lastly, secondary exploratory ROI analyses showed significant between‐group differences in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. Women activated these two regions less in the microaggression condition compared to the control condition, whereas men did not. These findings indicate that the observation of gender‐based microaggressions results in a specific pattern of neural reactivity in women early career faculty.
Cover Image
Authors: Du Tonghao , Liu Zhanggen , Guan Qianqian , Xiong Tao , Peng Fei 
Published: September 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Application of soy protein isolate‐xylose conjugates for improving the viability and stability of probiotics microencapsulated by spray drying by Tonghao Du et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12728.
image
Optimizing the degradation of aflatoxin B1 in corn by Trametes versicolor and improving the nutritional composition of corn
Authors: Lou Haiwei , Li Yang , Yang Chuangming , Li Yonghui , Gao Yiyue , Li Yujin , Zhao Renyong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCorn, being an important grain, is prone to contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and AFB1‐contaminated corn severely endangers the health of humans and livestock. Trametes versicolor, a fungus that can grow in corn, possesses the ability to directly degrade AFB1 through its laccase. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation conditions for T. versicolor to degrade AFB1 in corn and investigate the effect of T. versicolor fermentation on the nutritional composition of corn. AFB1‐contaminated corn was used as the culture substrate for T. versicolor. A combination of single‐factor experiments and response surface methodology was employed to identify the optimal conditions of AFB1 degradation.RESULTSThe optimal conditions of AFB1 degradation were as follows: 9 days of fermentation, a fermentation temperature of 26.7 °C, a moisture content of 70.5% and an inoculation amount of 4.9 mL (containing 51.99 mg of T. versicolor mycelia). With the optimal conditions, the degradation rate of AFB1 in corn could reach 93.01%, and the dry basis content of protein and dietary fiber in the fermented corn was significantly increased. More importantly, the lysine content in the fermented corn was also significantly increased.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report that direct fermentation of AFB1‐contaminated corn by T. versicolor not only efficiently degrades AFB1 but also improves the nutritional composition of corn. These findings suggest that the fermentation of corn by T. versicolor is a promising, environmentally friendly and efficient approach to degrade AFB1 and improve the nutritional value of corn. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Linking microbial carbon‐degrading potential to organic carbon sequestration in fertilized soils: Insights from metagenomics
Authors: Ma Li , Niu Wenquan , Li Guochun , Du Yadan , Sun Jun , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe capacity of soils to store organic carbon (SOC) is vital for agricultural productivity. Soil microorganisms exert a critical role in carbon (C) flow and potentially influence C balance through the decomposition of plant and microbial dead biomass. However, the connection between the microbial degradation potential of plant‐derived and microbial‐derived C and soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCSR) under organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments remains largely unexplored using metagenomics. In this study, metagenomics was used to investigate the effects of 4 years inorganic (N1: 250 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and N3: 450 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and organic N (O1: N1 + 11,250 kg ha−1 yr−1 sheep manure and O3: N1 + 18,750 kg ha−1 yr−1 sheep manure) fertilizer application on plant biomass decomposition genes, microbial biomass decomposition genes, and microbial properties related to different sources of C decomposition (species composition and diversity). Furthermore, the study explored the relationship between organic matter decomposition genes, microorganisms, and SOCSR. The results revealed that compared with N1 treatment, the increased application of inorganic N fertilizer (N3) significantly enhanced the abundance of genes related to plant and microbial biomass decomposition and microbial diversity involved in SOC decomposition, resulting in reduced SOC content. Conversely, the increased application of organic N fertilizer (O1 and O3) had a minor effect on the abundance of genes related to different sources of C decomposition and C decomposing microbial diversity, but reduced microbial entropy (the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to SOC) and increased SOC content. The random forest model highlighted that plant biomass decomposition genes and bacterial community composition were important factors affecting SOCSR. The Mantel test also indicated that the genes involved in the decomposition of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were closely related to SOCSR. These findings highlighted that increased inorganic N fertilizers greatly enhanced the microbial capacity for SOC decomposition, resulting in reduced SOC accumulation. While the increased application of organic N fertilizer increased SOC stability and reduced the mineralization potential of SOC, contributing to SOCSR. Overall, these findings provide a greater understanding of the relationship between soil C turnover and microbial C‐degrading potential under short‐term fertilization. And in a long time, they may have important implications for global strategies aimed at increasing SOCSR to restore fertility and facilitate sustainable agricultural development.
Electrospinning Nanofibers as Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Devices
Authors: Zhu Canjie , Zheng Jingxia , Fu Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWearable devices attract great attention in intelligent medicine, electronic skin, artificial intelligence robots, and so on. However, boundedness of traditional sensors based on rigid materials unconstrained self‐multilayer structure assembly and dense substrate in stretchability and permeability limits their applications. The network structure of the elastomeric nanofibers gives them excellent air permeability and stretchability. By introducing metal nanofillers, intrinsic conductive polymers, carbon materials, and other methods to construct conductive paths, stretchable conductors can be effectively prepared by elastomeric nanofibers, showing great potential in the field of flexible sensors. This perspective briefly introduces the representative preparations of conductive thermoplastic polyurethane, nylon, and hydrogel nanofibers by electrospinning and the application of integrated electronic devices in biological signal detection. The main challenge is to unify the stretchability and conductivity of the fiber structure.
The risk index as a basis for risk/benefit analyses and protocol optimization in diagnostic nuclear imaging
Authors: Ocampo Ramos Juan C. , Carter Lukas M. , Brown Justin L. , Marquis Harry , Uribe Carlos F. , Zanzonico Pat B. , Bolch Wesley E. , Kesner Adam L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPotential risk associated with low‐dose radiation exposures is often expressed using the effective dose (E) quantity. Other risk‐related quantities have been proposed as alternatives. The recently introduced risk index (RI) shares similarities with E but expands the metric to incorporate medical imaging‐appropriate risks factors including patient‐specific size, age, and sex.PurposeThe aim of this work is to examine the RI metric for quantifying stochastic radiation risk and demonstrate its applications in nuclear imaging. The advantages in this improved metric may help the field progress toward stratified risk consideration in the course of patient management, improve efforts for procedure optimization, and support an evolution in the science of radiation risk assessment.MethodsIn this study we describe, implement, and calculate RI for various diagnostic nuclear imaging scenarios using reference biokinetics published in ICRP Publication 128 for commonly utilized radiopharmaceuticals. All absorbed dose, E and RI calculations were performed using the freely available MIRDcalc nuclear medicine dosimetry software; the organ specific risk parameters used in the software are also benchmarked in this text. The resulting RI and E values are compared and various trends in RI values identified.ResultsE and RI coefficients were calculated for 3016 use cases. Notably RI values vary depending on patient characteristics. Overall, across the population, global trends in RI values can be identified. In general, RI values were 2.15 times higher for females than males, due to higher risk coefficients and activities being distributed in smaller reference masses. The pediatric patients showed higher RIs than adults, as younger patients generally receive higher absorbed doses per administered activity, and are more radiosensitive, and have a longer projected lifespan at risk. A compendium of E and RI values is also provided in table format to serve as a reference for the community.ConclusionsRI is a rational quantity that could be used for justification, risk communication and protocol optimization in medical imaging. It has some advantages when compared to the long‐utilized E value with respect to personalization, since accounts for patient size, age, sex, and natural incidence of cancer risk.
Comparison of linear and angular measurements in mandibular symphyseal region using lateral cephalometric and cone beam CT images
Authors: Baydar Oguzhan , Onem Erinc , Baksi B. Guniz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the linear and angular measurements of the mandibular symphyseal region using lateral cephalometric (LC) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Materials and MethodsOne hundred patients justifying both LC and CBCT exposures were included. Both lateral cephalometric and CBCT images of the patients were used for angular and linear measurements. Angular measurements included vestibular concavity and lingual and tooth inclination angles. Vestibular and lingual cortical bone and total bone thickness measurements were obtained for the comparison of linear measurements. Three radiologists performed the measurements on 200 images. Comparison of the measurements and the imaging methods were done using paired‐ and Wilcoxon t‐tests. Inter‐observer reliability was evaluated with the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsA significant difference was observed between measurements of two imaging methods for tooth inclination and vestibular concavity angles; however, no difference was found between LC and CBCT measurements for lingual inclination angle (p > 0.05). Vestibular cortical bone and total bone thickness measurements showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), whereas no difference was obtained in lingual bone thickness measurements of two imaging methods (p > 0.05).ConclusionCBCT imaging is recommended in selected patients where recipient bone or bone augmentation site(s) reveal suspect in clinical examination and lateral cephalometric imaging may not reveal the true anatomic structure and relationships.
Bifurcation analysis of a wheel‐slip control loop under low wheel‐slip regulation considering time‐delay
Authors: Horváth Ádám , Béda Péter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSafety and efficiency are key aspects of research and development in the automotive industry, especially in the field of safety‐critical subsystems, such as brake systems. The effect of time delay arise in brake systems, this adverse effect can cause performance degradations or make the brake system unstable. In this study, the bifurcation analysis of a wheel slip control feedback loop is presented. The control system consists of a wheel and a tyre, delayed actuator dynamics, and an LQR (linear quadratic regulator) that is designed to operate under relatively low wheel slip, during service braking. As a result, it is shown, that if time delay is neglected, the steady‐state solution of the model is globally stable using the LQ optimal controller gains. However, considering nonzero time‐delay may cause a subcritical Hopf‐bifurcation, and an unstable limit‐cycle exists around the steady‐state solution in a large domain of time‐delay parameters. Critical bifurcation maps and simulation results with more detailed system models are generated and shown in the study.
Energy transition with green hydrogen: Toward computational design of comprehensive proton exchange membrane water electrolysis stacks
Authors: Aldakheel Fadi , Hanke‐Rauschenbach Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we propose a targeted computational optimization method for the effective designing of the PTL (porous transport layer)/CL (porous catalyst layer)/MEM (membrane) interfaces (components) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) cells to lower hydrogen production price. This advanced computational modeling framework will be investigated across various disciplines and scales toward enhancing the reliability, durability, and performance of hydrogen technologies.