bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of cardiovascular imaging practices in Africa, North America, and Europe: two faces of the same coin
Authors: Lakshmanan Suvasini , Mbanze Irina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are significant differences in the burden of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, across high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. Cardiac imaging by echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging are well-established non-invasive tests that aid in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of various cardiac diseases. However, there are significant inequalities in availability and access to imaging modalities in low- and middle-income countries attributed to financial constraints, disparities in healthcare and technical infrastructure. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, these disparities are exaggerated by the continued technological advancements driving innovations in the field of cardiovascular (CV) imaging in high-income countries, while there is an urgent need to provide sustainable access to diagnostic imaging for patients in economically strained healthcare systems in regions like Africa. This review aims to highlight the inequalities in the burden of cardiac disease, associated risk factors, and access to diagnostic CV imaging tests, while also exploring the need for sustainable solutions to implementing CV imaging all over the world.
Multi-omic analysis of mandibuloacral dysplasia type A patient iPSC-derived MSC senescence reveals miR-311 as a novel biomarker for MSC senescence
Authors: He Liangge , Liao Jinqi , Liu Zhen , Wang Ting , Zhou Yan , Wang Tianfu , Lei Baiying , Zhou Guangqian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) is a rare genetic progeroid syndrome associated with lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations. Pathogenic mutations of LMNA result in nuclear structural abnormalities, mesenchymal tissue damage and progeria phenotypes. However, it remains elusive how LMNA mutations cause mesenchymal-derived cell senescence and disease development. Here, we established an in vitro senescence model using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) from MADA patients with homozygous LMNA p.R527C mutation. When expanded to passage 13 in vitro, R527C iMSCs exhibited marked senescence and attenuation of stemness potential, accompanied by immunophenotypic changes. Transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed that cell cycle, DNA replication, cell adhesion and inflammation might play important roles in senescence. In-depth evaluation of changes in extracellular vesicle (EV) derived iMSCs during senescence revealed that R527C iMSC-EVs could promote surrounding cell senescence by carrying pro-senescence microRNAs (miRNAs), including a novel miRNA called miR-311, which can serve as a new indicator for detecting chronic and acute mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence and play a role in promoting senescence. Overall, this study advanced our understanding of the impact of LMNA mutations on MSC senescence and provided novel insights into MADA therapy as well as the link between chronic inflammation and aging development.
Universal consistency of Wasserstein k-NN classifier: a negative and some positive results
Authors: Ponnoprat Donlapark 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the $k$-nearest neighbour classifier ($k$-NN) of probability measures under the Wasserstein distance. We show that the $k$-NN classifier is not universally consistent on the space of measures supported in $(0,1)$. As any Euclidean ball contains a copy of $(0,1)$, one should not expect to obtain universal consistency without some restriction on the base metric space, or the Wasserstein space itself. To this end, via the notion of $\sigma $-finite metric dimension, we show that the $k$-NN classifier is universally consistent on spaces of discrete measures (and more generally, $\sigma $-finite uniformly discrete measures) with rational mass. In addition, by studying the geodesic structures of the Wasserstein spaces for $p=1$ and $p=2$, we show that the $k$-NN classifier is universally consistent on spaces of measures supported on a finite set, the space of Gaussian measures and spaces of measures with finite wavelet series densities.
Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty for extra-articular femur deformity correction
Authors: Alturki Abdullah A , Alshammari Nayf A , Albassam Abdulrahman L , Aljaafri Ziad A , Almugren Turki S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Femoral shaft fracture is one of the most common injuries encountered. However, improper management can lead to significant long-term complications, of which is malunion. Patients with femoral malunion are at increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, and if arthroplasty is indicated, these extra-articular deformities pose a challenge as corrective osteotomy and soft tissue release are also required. In such circumstances, robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) might be an appropriate option. In this case, we present a 66-year-old woman who had previously suffered a femur shaft fracture, which was treated conservatively, and developed a varus malunion and severe knee osteoarthritis, and who was treated with RATKA.
Predicting functional consequences of SNPs on mRNA translation via machine learning
Authors: Li Zheyu , Chen Liang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The functional impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on translation has yet to be considered when prioritizing disease-causing SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we apply machine learning models to genome-wide ribosome profiling data to predict SNP function by forecasting ribosome collisions during mRNA translation. SNPs causing remarkable ribosome occupancy changes are named RibOc-SNPs (Ribosome-Occupancy-SNPs). We found that disease-related SNPs tend to cause notable changes in ribosome occupancy, suggesting translational regulation as an essential pathogenesis step. Nucleotide conversions, such as ‘G → T’, ‘T → G’ and ‘C → A’, are enriched in RibOc-SNPs, with the most significant impact on ribosome occupancy, while ‘A → G’ (or ‘A→ I’ RNA editing) and ‘G → A’ are less deterministic. Among amino acid conversions, ‘Glu → stop (codon)’ shows the most significant enrichment in RibOc-SNPs. Interestingly, there is selection pressure on stop codons with a lower collision likelihood. RibOc-SNPs are enriched at the 5′-coding sequence regions, implying hot spots of translation initiation regulation. Strikingly, ∼22.1% of the RibOc-SNPs lead to opposite changes in ribosome occupancy on alternative transcript isoforms, suggesting that SNPs can amplify the differences between splicing isoforms by oppositely regulating their translation efficiency.
Structure–function analysis of an ancient TsaD–TsaC–SUA5–TcdA modular enzyme reveals a prototype of tRNA t6A and ct6A synthetases
Authors: Jin Mengqi , Zhang Zelin , Yu Zhijiang , Chen Wei , Wang Xiaolei , Lei Dongsheng , Zhang Wenhua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
N 6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) is a post-transcriptional modification found uniquely at position 37 of tRNAs that decipher ANN-codons in the three domains of life. tRNA t6A plays a pivotal role in promoting translational fidelity and maintaining protein homeostasis. The biosynthesis of tRNA t6A requires members from two evolutionarily conserved protein families TsaC/Sua5 and TsaD/Kae1/Qri7, and a varying number of auxiliary proteins. Furthermore, tRNA t6A is modified into a cyclic hydantoin form of t6A (ct6A) by TcdA in bacteria. In this work, we have identified a TsaD–TsaC–SUA5–TcdA modular protein (TsaN) from Pandoraviruses and determined a 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of P. salinus TsaN. The four domains of TsaN share strong structural similarities with TsaD/Kae1/Qri7 proteins, TsaC/Sua5 proteins, and Escherichia coli TcdA. TsaN catalyzes the formation of threonylcarbamoyladenylate (TC-AMP) using L-threonine, HCO3− and ATP, but does not participate further in tRNA t6A biosynthesis. We report for the first time that TsaN catalyzes a tRNA-independent threonylcarbamoyl modification of adenosine phosphates, leading to t6ADP and t6ATP. Moreover, TsaN is also active in catalyzing tRNA-independent conversion of t6A nucleoside to ct6A. Our results imply that TsaN from Pandoraviruses might be a prototype of the tRNA t6A- and ct6A-modifying enzymes in some cellular organisms.
The Threat of Anti-Theism: What is at Stake in the Axiology of God?
Authors: Ballard Brian Scott 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Would God's existence be a good thing for us? According to anti-theism, the answer is No. Probably, many theists will want to reject anti-theism. But it isn’t obvious why. After all, whether p is good for us is logically independent from whether p is true. So anti-theism seems entirely compatible with theism. In this essay, however, I argue this seeming compatibility is mistaken. If anti-theism is true, then the theism of most practicing believers is false. And if I am right about this, then anti-theism presents a serious challenge to traditional theistic belief, notably theistic belief anchored in the Bible.
Interventions to Enhance Nursing Student Compliance With Infection Control: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alanazi Salwa Jadid , Haas Tanya , Scafide Katherine N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this review was to identify effective strategies for improving infection control practices among prelicensure nursing students.

BACKGROUND
Infection control practices are fundamental skills taught to prelicensure nursing students. The most effective teaching strategy to support infection control behaviors has yet to be determined.

METHOD
A systematic search of peer-reviewed English literature published before October 2021 was conducted in three databases, followed by critical appraisal. Outcomes included either observed or self-reported infection control behaviors.

RESULTS
Twelve eligible studies met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Studies with integrated simulation or multimodal interventions generally achieved higher infection control compliance than those with greater emphasis on traditional education. The appraisal noted intervention/instrument heterogeneity and limited control.

CONCLUSION
Didactic infection control education should be supplemented with other modalities, but further controlled studies are needed to identify which specific approach is most effective.
Nonoperative Management of Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: King Brandon William , Andrews Erickson George 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Acute Achilles tendon ruptures are an increasingly common injury. Although operative fixation continues to be dominant in the United States, a growing body of literature supports nonoperative management. Although the specifics of functional rehabilitation vary, many studies support this management approach. Continued controversies include the type of castor orthosis used, acceptable gap size, need for ultrasound evaluation, time to initiation of weight bearing, time to initiation of motion, duration of orthosis, length of treatment, and use of heel wedges in shoes once the orthosis is discontinued.

Level of Evidence:
Level I.
Development of Quality Measures for Inpatient Diabetes Care and Education Specialists: A Call to Action
Authors: Klinkner Gwen , Bak Leigh , Clements Jennifer N. , Gonzales Eva H. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Diabetes and hyperglycemia are associated with an increased risk of in-hospital complications that lead to longer lengths of stay, increased morbidity, higher mortality, and risk of readmission. Diabetes care and education specialists (DCESs) working in hospital settings are uniquely prepared and credentialed to serve as content experts to facilitate change and implement processes and programs to improve glycemic-related outcomes. A recent survey of DCESs explored the topic of productivity and clinical metrics. Outcomes highlighted the need to better evaluate the impact and value of inpatient DCESs, advocate for the role, and to expand diabetes care and education teams to optimize outcomes. The purpose of this article was to recommend strategies and metrics that can be used to quantify the work of inpatient DCESs and describe how such metrics can help to show the value of the inpatient DCES and assist in making a business case for the role.
Microneedling in the relief of pain in arthritis: a brief review
Authors: Chen Kexin , Mao Xiaowei , YU Mingming , Zhou Weijiao , Shang Shaomei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pain is the main symptom of arthritis. Microneedling is a new method of transdermal drug delivery that relives the pain in arthritis according to the mechanisms of pain in arthritis. This paper provides a review of the mechanisms of pain in arthritis and the use of different types of microneedles (MNs) in pain relief in arthritis. The mechanism of pain in arthritis is primarily a joint tissue lesion that causes the release of inflammatory factors by pro-inflammatory cells, resulting in pain. MNs can carry various drugs to reduce inflammatory factors, cartilage destruction and thus the symptom of pain. MNs can be classified into five types, which are solid MNs, hollow MNs, coated MNs, dissolving MNs, and swelling MNs. Among them, dissolving MNs and swelling MNs have better prospects for application in long-term management of pain in arthritis due to the biosafety of their materials and its convenience brought by the sustained-release design.
Palliative sedation: autonomy, suffering, and euthanasia
Authors: Colburn Ben , Johnston Bridget 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
This contemporary and novel review of palliative sedation explores some of the distinctive ethical problems associated with that intervention. It is timely in light of recent reviews of palliative care guidelines on the topic and given the current public debates around the related but distinct practice of euthanasia.

Recent findings
The main themes discussed are patient autonomy, the nature of suffering and how to alleviate it, and the relationship between palliative sedation and euthanasia.

Summary
First, palliative sedation poses a significant problem for patient autonomy, both in terms of securing informed consent and in terms of the ongoing effect on individual well-being. Second, as an intervention to alleviate suffering, it is appropriate only in limited cases and counterproductive in others, for example, where an individual values their ongoing psychological or social agency more than the relief of pain or negative experience. Third, people’s ethical views about palliative sedation are often coloured by their understanding of the legal and moral status of assisted dying and euthanasia; this is unhelpful and occludes the interesting and urgent ethical questions raised by palliative sedation as a distinct end-of-life intervention.
Relationships Between Urinary and Nonurinary Symptoms in Treatment-Seeking Women in LURN
Authors: Smith Abigail R. , Mansfield Sarah A. , Bradley Catherine S. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Helmuth Margaret E. , Cameron Anne P. , Kirkali Ziya , Bretschneider C. Emi , Andreev Victor , Sarma Aruna , Lane Giulia , Collins Sarah A. , Cella David , Lai H. Henry , Harte Steven E. , Griffith James W. ,   the LURN Study Group
Published: July 2023

Importance
Physical health and psychological health represent modifiable factors in the causal pathway of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Objectives
Understand the relationship between physical and psychological factors and LUTS over time.

Study Design
Adult women enrolled in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network observational cohort study completed the LUTS Tool and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, including urinary (Urinary Distress Inventory), prolapse (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory), and colorectal anal (Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory) subscales at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Physical functioning, depression, and sleep disturbance were measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires; relationships were assessed using multivariable linear mixed models.

Results
Of 545 women enrolled, 472 had follow-up. Median age was 57 years; 61% and 78% reported stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, respectively; and 81% reported obstructive symptoms. The PROMIS depression scores were positively associated with all urinary outcomes (range, 2.5- to 4.8-unit increase per 10-unit increase in depression score; P < 0.01 for all). Higher sleep disturbance scores were associated with higher urgency, obstruction, LUTS Total Severity, Urinary Distress Inventory, and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (1.9- to 3.4-point increase per 10-unit increase, all P < 0.02). Better physical functioning was associated with less severe urinary symptoms except stress urinary incontinence (2.3- to 5.2-point decrease per 10-unit increase, all P < 0.01). All symptoms decreased over time; however, no association was detected between baseline PROMIS scores and trajectories of LUTS over time.

Conclusions
Nonurologic factors demonstrated small to medium cross-sectional associations with urinary symptom domains, but no significant association was detected with changes in LUTS. Further work is needed to determine whether interventions targeting nonurologic factors reduce LUTS in women.
A Tale of Two Cities: Policing and Firearm Homicides in Boston and Philadelphia
Authors: Hatchimonji Justin S. , Bakillah Emna , Hynes Allyson M. , Torres Cristano M. , Sanchez Sabrina E. , Seamon Mark J. , Scantling Dane R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Recent political movements have raised questions about the effectiveness of police funding, but the impact of law enforcement budgets on firearm violence is unknown. We hypothesized that department funding and measures of police activity would be associated with decreased shootings and firearm homicides (FH) in two major cities with different police funding patterns.

Methods
We collected data from these sources: district attorney’s offices, police departments, Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting program, the Centers for Disease Control, the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll, and the American Community Survey. Data included demographics, police department budgets, number of officers, homicide clearance rates, firearms recovered, shootings, and FH, 2015-2020. Totals were normalized to population and number of shootings. We used panel linear regression to measure associations between policing variables, shootings and FH while adjusting for covariates.

Results
FH significantly increased in Philadelphia. In Boston the trend was less clear, though there was an increase in 2020. Police budget normalized to shootings trended towards a decrease in Philadelphia and an increase in Boston. The number of firearms recovered annually appeared to increase in Boston but peaked mid-study in Philadelphia. In multivariable analyses, police budget was associated with neither shootings nor FH. However, increased firearm recovery was associated with lower shooting (β = -.0004, p = 0.022) and FH (β = -.00005, p = 0.004) rates.

Conclusion
Philadelphia and Boston demonstrated differences in police funding, 2015-2020. While budget is not associated with shootings or FH, firearm recovery is, suggesting that removal of firearms from circulation remains key. The impact this has on vulnerable populations requires further investigation.

Level of Evidence
III, retrospective cross-sectional
Bio-optical signatures ofinsituphotosymbionts predict bleaching severity prior to thermal stress in the Caribbean coral speciesAcropora palmata
Authors: Hoadley Kenneth D. , Lowry Sean , McQuagge Audrey , Dalessandri Shannon , Lockridge Grant , Karabelas Eleftherios , Klepac Courtney , Kenkel Carly , Muller Erinn M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe identification of bleaching tolerant traits among individual corals is a major focus for many restoration and conservation initiatives but often relies on large scale or high-throughput experimental manipulations which may not be accessible to many front-line restoration practitioners. Here we evaluate a machine learning technique to generate a predictive model which estimates bleaching severity using non-destructive chlorophyll-a fluorescence photophysiological metrics measured with a low-cost and open access bio-optical tool. First, a four-week long thermal bleaching experiment was performed on 156 genotypes ofAcropora palmataat a land-based restoration facility. Resulting bleaching responses (percent change in Fv/Fm or Absorbance) significantly differed across the four distinct phenotypes generated via a photophysiology-based dendrogram, indicating strong concordance between fluorescence-based photophysiological metrics and future bleaching severity. Next, these correlations were used to train and then test a Random Forest algorithm-based model using a bootstrap resampling technique. Correlation between predicted and actual bleaching responses in test corals was significant (p <0.0001) and increased with the number of corals used in model training (Peak average R2values of 0.42 and 0.33 for Fv/Fm and absorbance, respectively). Strong concordance between photophysiology-based phenotypes and future bleaching severity may provide a highly scalable means for assessing reef corals.