bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-formation of synaptic connectivity in dissociated human stem cell-derived retinal organoid cultures
Authors: Ludwig Allison L. , Mayerl Steven J. , Gao Yu , Banghart Mark , Bacig Cole , Fernandez Zepeda Maria A. , Zhao Xinyu , Gamm David M. 
Published: January 2023

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal organoids (ROs) can efficiently and reproducibly generate retinal neurons that have potential for use in cell replacement strategies [Capowski
et al.
,
Development
146, dev171686 (2019)]. The ability of these lab-grown retinal neurons to form new synaptic connections after dissociation from ROs is key to building confidence in their capacity to restore visual function. However, direct evidence of reestablishment of retinal neuron connectivity via synaptic tracing has not been reported to date. The present study employs an in vitro, rabies virus-based, monosynaptic retrograde tracing assay [Wickersham
et al., Neuron
53, 639–647 (2007); Sun
et al., Mol. Neurodegener.
14, 8 (2019)] to identify de novo synaptic connections among early retinal cell types following RO dissociation. A reproducible, high-throughput approach for labeling and quantifying traced retinal cell types was developed. Photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells—the primary neurons of interest for retinal cell replacement—were the two major contributing populations among the traced presynaptic cells. This system provides a platform for assessing synaptic connections in cultured retinal neurons and sets the stage for future cell replacement studies aimed at characterizing or enhancing synaptogenesis. Used in this manner, in vitro synaptic tracing is envisioned to complement traditional preclinical animal model testing, which is limited by evolutionary incompatibilities in synaptic machinery inherent to human xenografts.
Generating transient noise artefacts in gravitational-wave detector data with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Powell Jade , Sun Ling , Gereb Katinka , Lasky Paul D , Dollmann Markus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Transient noise glitches in gravitational-wave detector data limit the sensitivity of searches and contaminate detected signals. In this paper, we show how glitches can be simulated using generative adversarial networks (GANs). We produce hundreds of synthetic images for the 22 most common types of glitches seen in the LIGO, KAGRA, and Virgo detectors. We show how our GAN-generated images can easily be converted to time series, which would allow us to use GAN-generated glitches in simulations and mock data challenges to improve the robustness of gravitational-wave searches and parameter-estimation algorithms. We perform a neural network classification to show that our artificial glitches are an excellent match for real glitches, with an average classification accuracy across all 22 glitch types of 99.0%.
Gravity entanglement, quantum reference systems, degrees of freedom
Authors: Christodoulou Marios , Di Biagio Andrea , Howl Richard , Rovelli Carlo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gravity mediated entanglement (GME) has been proposed as the first experimentally testable signature of quantum gravity. However, to what extent the effect is due to quantum gravity is under debate. In this note, we argue in several ways that the observation of GME does indeed tell us something new about gravity compared to previous experiments. In particular, we consider a quantum reference frame treatment of the experiment that allows us to pinpoint the single degree of freedom responsible for the effect. We also discuss the relevance of the Newtonian limit, the longitudinal/transverse decomposition of the field, and the local operations and classical communication theorem. Our conclusion is that experiments trying to detect GME would be interesting because (a) either positive or negative results would be able to falsify several theories (b) observation of GME would represent something truly novel.
Effect of extended gravitational decoupling on isotropization and complexity in

f(R,T)

theory
Authors: Sharif M , Naseer Tayyab 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper develops some new analytical solutions to the

f
(

R

,

T

)

field equations through extended gravitational decoupling. For this purpose, we take spherical anisotropic configuration as a seed source and extend it to an additional source. The modified field equations comprise the impact of both sources which are then decoupled into two distinct sets by applying the transformations on g

tt
and g

rr
metric potentials. The original anisotropic source is adorned by the first sector, and we make it solvable by considering two different well-behaved solutions. The second sector is in terms of an additional source and we adopt some constraints to find deformation functions. The first constraint is the isotropization condition which transforms the total fluid distribution into an isotropic system only for a specific value of the decoupling parameter. The other constraint is taken as the complexity-free fluid distribution. The unknown constants are calculated at the hypersurface through matching conditions. The preliminary information (mass and radius) of a compact star

4
U
1820
−
30

is employed to analyze physical attributes of the resulting models. We conclude that certain values of both the coupling as well as decoupling parameter yield viable and stable solutions in this theory.
Interacting trajectory representation of quantum dynamics: influence of boundary conditions on the tunneling decay of resonant states
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez L , Uranga-Piña L , Martínez-Mesa A , Meier C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We perform quantum trajectory simulations of the decay dynamics of initially localized resonant states. Quantum dynamics is represented by a swarm of interacting trajectories which maps the originally quantum problem into the motion of an equivalent (higher-dimensional) classical system. We address two model problems, in which the decay of the initial resonance leads to either spatially confined or asymptotically free wave-packet dynamics, specifically on a double well potential and on a potential plain. The traditional choice of fixed boundary conditions in the interacting trajectory representation (ITR), set at infinity, is found to have a moderate influence on the accuracy of the ITR of quantum trajectory dynamics, for the motion on a double well potential, i.e. the results of the trajectory-based scheme are in good correspondence with those obtained via quantum wave-packet propagation up to several fundamental vibrational periods. On the other hand, standard boundary conditions have negligible effect on the interacting trajectory dynamics of a decaying shape resonance, whose predictions reproduce quantum mechanical results at long times.
Steady state quantum statistics of a hybrid optomechanical-ferromagnet system: photon and magnon blockade
Authors: Kheirabady M Setodeh , Tavassoly M K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Magnon and photon blockade implementation and manipulation have significant practical applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology due to their tight relations to single-photon and -magnon source devices. In this paper, we propose an experimentally feasible hybrid scheme for the dynamical description of the tripartite interacting system consisting of magnon and phonon modes with photons in an optomechanical system, from which we aim to explore the quantum statistics, as well as the magnon and photon blockade phenomenon. To achieve the purpose, the dissipative solution of the system is obtained with the help of the Lindblad master equation. Via employing the equal-time second-order correlation function and using the steady state solution of the system, the statistics and blockade effects of magnon and photon are analyzed and also their dependence on the parameters involved in the system are discussed. Utilizing feasible parameters, our simulations illustrate that, sub-Poissonian behavior and therefore, blockade of magnon and photon are simultaneously achieved. More importantly, the mentioned blockade effects can be obtained in a range of parameters (and not with specific) which makes our proposal easy to access, experimentally. Considering the above realizations, the introduced scheme opens up a pathway to design single-magnon and -photon generators, which are of crucial importance in advanced quantum science and technologies.
Excited muon production in muon colliders via contact interaction
Authors: Sahin M , Caliskan A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, with the enlightenment of some issues encountered in muon colliders, muon colliders have become more feasible for the high-energy physics community. For this reason, we studied the single production of an excited muon in muon colliders via contact interactions. In addition, we assumed that the excited muon decayed into a photon and muon through gauge interactions. Then, signal and background analyses were performed in muon–antimuon collider options with center-of-mass energies of 6, 14, and 100 TeV. The attainable mass and compositeness scale limits were calculated for the excited muon in these collider options. Based on the calculations, it was concluded that muon–antimuon colliders would be a perfect collider option for excited muon investigations.
A wavelet-based separation method for tonal and broadband components of low Reynolds-number propeller noise
Authors: Meloni S , de Paola E , Grande E , Ragni D , Stoica L G , Di Marco A , Camussi R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Propeller noise generally exhibits a rich mixture of tonal and broadband components related to different physical mechanisms. Specifically, the tones are characterized by having deterministic and persistent characteristics, while the broadband counterpart has random behaviour. The separation is essential for the experimenters as they provide information on the different noise sources. In this framework, the study presents a novel wavelet-based method able to separate the noise emitted by a low Reynolds number propeller into its tonal and broadband components. The technique is applied to an isolated rotor operating under different loading configurations, including hover and cruise conditions. The acoustic pressure data are obtained in the anechoic tunnel (A-tunnel) of the TU Delft low-speed laboratory with a near-field polar and azimuthal distribution of microphones. The method is based upon a threshold varying procedure that separates the tonal and broadband components through the computation of two-point statistics. Advantages and drawbacks with respect to other methodologies already known from the literature are discussed. The application of the method provides the spectral content of the tonal and broadband components as well as the different polar and azimuthal directivity. Specifically, the observed dipole-like shape directivity for the tonal part and flatter broadband OASPL, confirm that the method can provide quite a good separation. Furthermore, the overall flow behaviour is inferred from the decomposition and validated through benchmarked flow visualizations.
Higher-order superintegrable momentum-dependent Hamiltonians on curved spaces from the classical Zernike system
Authors: Blasco Alfonso , Gutierrez-Sagredo Ivan , Herranz Francisco J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the classical momentum- or velocity-dependent two-dimensional Hamiltonian given by

where q

i
and p

i
are generic canonical variables, γ

n
are arbitrary coefficients, and

N
∈

N

. For N = 2, being both

γ
1

,

γ
2

different from zero, this reduces to the classical Zernike system. We prove that

always provides a superintegrable system (for any value of γ

n
and N) by obtaining the corresponding constants of the motion explicitly, which turn out to be of higher-order in the momenta. Such generic results are not only applied to the Euclidean plane, but also to the sphere and the hyperbolic plane. In the latter curved spaces,

is expressed in geodesic polar coordinates showing that such a new superintegrable Hamiltonian can be regarded as a superposition of the isotropic 1 : 1 curved (Higgs) oscillator with even-order anharmonic curved oscillators plus another superposition of higher-order momentum-dependent potentials. Furthermore, the symmetry algebra determined by the constants of the motion is also studied, giving rise to a

(
2
N
−
1
)

th-order polynomial algebra. As a byproduct, the Hamiltonian

is interpreted as a family of superintegrable perturbations of the classical Zernike system. Finally, it is shown that

(and so the Zernike system as well) is endowed with a Poisson

s
l

(
2
,

R

)

-coalgebra symmetry which would allow for further possible generalizations that are also discussed.
Artificial intelligence can use physiological parameters to optimize treatment strategies and predict clinical deterioration of sepsis in ICU
Authors: Zhang Quan , Wang Jianqi , Liu Guohua , Zhang Wenjia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Sepsis seriously threatens human life. Early identification of a patient’s risk status and appropriate treatment can reduce septic shock risk and mortality. Our purpose is to design and validate an adjunctive therapy system based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which can provide treatment recommendations with providence and assess the patient’s risk status and treatment options in the early stages. Approach. Data is from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The raw data included 53 423 patients from MIMIC-III. Of these, 19 620 eligible samples were screened to form the final cohort. First, the patient’s physiological parameters were fed into the DRL therapy strategy recommendation module (TSRM), which provides a forward-looking recommendation for treatment strategy. The recommended strategies were then fed into the reinforcement learning risk assessment module (RAM), which predicts the patient’s risk status and treatment strategy from a long-term perspective. The DRL model designed in this paper assists in formulating treatment plans and evaluating treatment risks and patient status through continuous interaction with patient trajectory; this model therefore has the foresight that a supervising deep learning model does not. Main results. The experiment shows that, in the test set for the TSRM, mortality is the lowest when the treatment strategy that is actually implemented is the same as the AI-recommended strategy. Regarding the RAM, it can accurately grasp a patient’s deterioration trend, and can reasonably assess a patient’s risk status and treatment plans at an early stage. The assessment results of the model were matched with the actual clinical records. Significance. A DRL-based sepsis adjunctive therapy model is proposed. It can prospectively assist physicians in proposing treatment strategies, assess the patient’s risk status and treatment methods early on, and detect deterioration trends in advance.
Drift kinetic effects on plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbation for EU DEMO design
Authors: Zhou Lina , Liu Yueqiang , Hu Hanqing , Siccinio Mattia , Francesco Maviglia , Zohm Hartmut , Pigatto Leonardo , Wang Yong , Li Li , Hao Guangzhou , Yang Xu , Zhang Hanyu , Duan Ping , Chen Long 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A systematic investigation of the plasma response to an externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) field, for the purpose of controlling edge localized modes, is carried out for an EU DEMO reference plasma. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of kinetic effects associated with both thermal particles and fusion-born alphas. The single fluid, resistive model predicts a large peak amplification of the n= 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) plasma response to the target equilibrium, which is found to be close to the Troyon no-wall limit. A more advanced response model, including kinetic resonances between the RMP perturbation and drift motions of thermal and energetic particles, on the other hand, finds a strong suppression of the n= 1 field amplification. A major role is played by the precessional drift resonance of fusion-born alphas. A strong parallel sound wave damping model is found to well reproduce the full kinetic response results for the DEMO plasma, in terms of both the resonant field response amplitude and the plasma displacement. Finally, both fluid and kinetic models produce similar responses for the n = 2 and 3 RMP fields for the considered DEMO plasma, whilst kinetic effects again become important for the n = 4 RMP due to proximity of the reference plasma to the no-wall limit for the n = 4 ideal kink instability.
Accuracy of using metastable state measurements in laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics of xenon ion velocity in Hall thrusters
Authors: Konopliv Mary F , Chaplin Vernon H , Johnson Lee K , Wirz Richard E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of singly-charged xenon ion velocities in Hall thrusters typically target metastable states due to lack of available laser technology for exciting the ground state. The measured velocity distribution of these metastable ions are assumed to reflect the ground state ion behavior. However, this assumption has not been experimentally verified. To investigate the accuracy of this assumption, a recently developed xenon ion (Xe II) collisional-radiative model is combined with a 1D fluid model for ions, using plasma parameters from higher fidelity simulations of each thruster, to calculate the metastable and ground state ion velocities as a function of position along the channel centerline. For the HERMeS and SPT-100 thruster channel centerlines, differences up to 0.5 km s−1 were observed between the metastable and ground state ion velocities. For the HERMeS thruster, the difference between the metastable and ground state velocities is less than 150 m s−1 within one channel length of the channel exit, but increases thereafter due to charge exchange (CEX) that reduces the mean velocity of the ground state ions. While both the ground state ions and metastable state ions experience the same acceleration by the electric field, these small velocity differences arise because ionization and CEX directly into these states from the slower neutral ground state can reduce their mean velocities by different amounts. Therefore, the velocity discrepancy may be larger for thrusters with lower propellant utilization efficiency and higher neutral density. For example, differences up to 1.7 km s−1 were calculated on the HET-P70 thruster channel centerline. Note that although the creation of slow ions can influence the mean velocity, the most probable velocity should be unaffected by these processes.
Design and analysis of a hybrid magnetic shielding system: application for the magnetic non-destructive testing of circuits
Authors: Wang S Y , Wang S S , Yu X , Xu H , Li Y Y , Jiang H Y , Sun K Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A magnetic shielding system combining three-axis active magnetic shielding and a high-Tc superconducting ring (TASR) was developed. The active shield mainly responds to DC field while the ring operates for shielding AC fields below 1 kHz. In this study, the system’s shielding effects were evaluated experimentally, and the results suggest that this system can effectively shield the interference of static and low-frequency magnetic fields to ensure the operation of high-precision magnetic sensors. The shielding factor reached 99.9% for geomagnetic field (DC, 38 500 nT), which exceeded 98% for about 10 000 nT AC magnetic field at 30–1000 Hz. Then, magnetic non-destructive testing of the circuit was performed in this TASR shielding system. The images clearly showed the magnetic field distribution in different kinds of circuits that could be inverted to current density information, indicating that the shielding system can detect circuit defects and has great application potential in integrated circuit diagnosis.
Adding a single pulse into high-frequency pulse stimulations can substantially alter the following episode of neuronal firing in rat hippocampus
Authors: Hu Yifan , Feng Zhouyan , Zheng Lvpiao , Xu Yipeng , Wang Zhaoxiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) sequences of electrical pulses are commonly utilized in many types of neuromodulation therapies. The temporal pattern of pulse sequences characterized by varying inter-pulse intervals (IPI) has emerged as an adjustable dimension to generate diverse effects of stimulations to meet the needs for developing the therapies. Objective: To explore the hypothesis that a simple manipulation of IPI by inserting a pulse in HFS with a constant IPI can substantially change the neuronal responses. Approach. Antidromic HFS (A-HFS) and orthodromic HFS (O-HFS) sequences were respectively applied at the alveus (the efferent axons) and the Schaffer collaterals (the afferent axons) of hippocampal CA1 region in anesthetized rats in-vivo. The HFS sequences lasted 120 s with a pulse frequency of 100 Hz and an IPI of 10 ms. In the late steady period (60–120 s) of the HFS, additional pulses were inserted into the original pulse sequences to investigate the alterations of neuronal responses to the changes in IPI. The amplitudes and latencies of antidromic/orthodromic population spikes (APS/OPS) evoked by pulses were measured to evaluate the alterations of the evoked firing of CA1 pyramidal neurons caused by the pulse insertions. Main Results. During the steady period of A-HFS at efferent axons, the evoked APSs were suppressed due to intermittent axonal block. Under this situation, inserting a pulse to shorten an IPI was able to redistribute the following neuronal firing thereby generating an episode of oscillation in the evoked APS sequence including APSs with significantly increased and decreased amplitudes. Also, during the steady period of O-HFS without obvious OPS, a pulse insertion was able to generate a large OPS, indicating a synchronized firing of a large population of post-synaptic neurons induced by a putative redistribution of activations at the afferent axons under O-HFS. Significance. This study firstly showed that under the situation of HFS-induced axonal block, changing an IPI by a single-pulse insertion can substantially redistribute the evoked neuronal responses to increase synchronized firing of neuronal populations during both antidromic and O-HFS with a constant IPI originally. The finding provides a potential way to enhance the HFS action on neuronal networks without losing some other functions of HFS such as generating axonal block.