bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence–Guided Lung Ultrasound by Nonexperts
Authors: Baloescu Cristiana , Bailitz John , Cheema Baljash , Agarwala Ravi , Jankowski Madeline , Eke Onyinyechi , Liu Rachel , Nomura Jason , Stolz Lori , Gargani Luna , Alkan Eren , Wellman Tyler , Parajuli Nripesh , Marra Andrew , Thomas Yngvil , Patel Daven , Schraft Evelyn , O’Brien James , Moore Christopher L. , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceLung ultrasound (LUS) aids in the diagnosis of patients with dyspnea, including those with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but requires technical proficiency for image acquisition. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding novice users to acquire high-quality cardiac ultrasound images, suggesting its potential for broader use in LUS.ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of AI to guide acquisition of diagnostic-quality LUS images by trained health care professionals (THCPs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this multicenter diagnostic validation study conducted between July 2023 and December 2023, participants aged 21 years or older with shortness of breath recruited from 4 clinical sites underwent 2 ultrasound examinations: 1 examination by a THCP operator using Lung Guidance AI and the other by a trained LUS expert without AI. The THCPs (including medical assistants, respiratory therapists, and nurses) underwent standardized AI training for LUS acquisition before participation.InterventionsLung Guidance AI software uses deep learning algorithms guiding LUS image acquisition and B-line annotation. Using an 8-zone LUS protocol, the AI software automatically captures images of diagnostic quality.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was the proportion of THCP-acquired examinations of diagnostic quality according to a panel of 5 masked expert LUS readers, who provided remote review and ground truth validation.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analysis included 176 participants (81 female participants [46.0%]; mean [SD] age, 63 [14] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 31 [8]). Overall, 98.3% (95% CI, 95.1%-99.4%) of THCP-acquired studies were of diagnostic quality, with no statistically significant difference in quality compared to LUS expert–acquired studies (difference, 1.7%; 95% CI, −1.6% to 5.0%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multicenter validation study, THCPs with AI assistance achieved LUS images meeting diagnostic standards compared with LUS experts without AI. This technology could extend access to LUS to underserved areas lacking expert personnel.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05992324
Genetic Predisposition to Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ravi Akshaya , Koyama Satoshi , Cho So Mi Jemma , Haidermota Sara , Hornsby Whitney , Ellinor Patrick T. , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceTreatment to lower high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces incident coronary artery disease (CAD) risk but modestly increases the risk for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). The extent to which genetic factors across the cholesterol spectrum are associated with incident T2D is not well understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of genetic predisposition to increased LDL-C levels with incident T2D risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this large prospective, population-based cohort study, UK Biobank participants who underwent whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide genotyping were included. Participants were separated into 7 groups with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), predicted loss of function (pLOF) in APOB or PCSK9 variants, and LDL-C polygenic risk score (PRS) quintiles. Data were collected between 2006 and 2010, with a median follow-up of 13.7 (IQR, 12.9-14.5) years. Data were analyzed from March 1 to November 1, 2024.ExposuresLDL-C level, LDL-C PRS, FH, or pLOF variant status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, sex, genotyping array, lipid-lowering medication use, and the first 10 genetic principal components were fitted to assess the association between LDL-C genetic factors and incident T2D and CAD risks.ResultsAmong the 361 082 participants, mean (SD) age was 56.8 (8.0) years, 194 751 (53.9%) were female, and mean (SD) baseline LDL-C level was 138.0 (33.6) mg/dL. During the follow-up period, 22 619 (6.3%) participants developed incident T2D and 17 966 (5.0%) developed incident CAD. The hazard ratio for incident T2D was lowest in the FH group (0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.77), while the highest risk was in the pLOF group (1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.86). The association between LDL-C PRS and incident T2D was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66-0.79) for very high LDL-C PRS, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90) for high LDL-C PRS, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09-1.17) for low LDL-C PRS, and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.38) for very low LDL-C PRS. CAD risk increased directly with the LDL-C PRS.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, LDL-C and T2D risks were inversely associated across genetic mechanisms for LDL-C variation. Further elucidation of the mechanisms associating low LDL-C risk with increased risk of T2D is warranted.
Acne Relapse and Isotretinoin Retrial in Patients With Acne
Authors: Lai Jenny , Barbieri John S. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceIsotretinoin is the only medical acne treatment capable of inducing acne remission; however, some patients experience acne relapse and require retrials of isotretinoin. There is a need to understand who is most at risk and how daily dose and cumulative dosage can influence outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess rates of acne relapse and isotretinoin retrial and to identify associated factors among patients with acne who received an isotretinoin treatment course.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the MarketScan commercial claims database from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, to identify patients with acne who were 12 years or older and had received isotretinoin for 4 months or longer, with at least 1 year of continuous enrollment after completion of isotretinoin. Data analyses were performed from June 30, 2024, to August 1, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to quantify associations of patient demographic and treatment characteristics with acne relapse and isotretinoin retrial.ResultsA total of 19 907 patients (mean [SD] age, 20.6 [7.8] years; 10 504 females [52.8%]) were included, among whom 4482 (22.5%) had acne relapse and 1639 (8.2%) had isotretinoin retrial. Female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.52) was significantly associated with increased rates of acne relapse, and isotretinoin cumulative dosage (mg/kg) was associated with a decreased rate of acne relapse (HR, 0.996; 95% CI, 0.995-0.997). Furthermore, daily dose was not associated with decreased risk of acne relapse or isotretinoin retrial among those with conventional and high cumulative dosages. Female sex (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.76) and isotretinoin cumulative dosage (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99) were associated with decreased rates of isotretinoin retrial. Stratification by cumulative dosage indicated that higher cumulative dosage was associated with decreased rates of retrial among patients with low (&amp;lt;120 mg/kg) and conventional (120-220 mg/kg), but not high (&amp;gt;220 mg/kg) cumulative dosage. Maximum daily dose (mg/kg/d) was not negatively associated with acne relapse or isotretinoin retrial in patients with cumulative dosage of 120 mg/kg or more.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that higher cumulative dosage may potentially reduce risk of acne relapse and isotretinoin retrial. Furthermore, daily dose was not associated with decreased risk of the outcomes for conventional and high cumulative dosage; therefore, daily dosing could be individualized to patient goals and preferences.
Graphene–Nickel Oxide–Polyaniline Ternary Nanocomposite‐Embedded Epoxy Coating on Mild Steel for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Saini Ravi , Goswami Ramesh N. , Sharma Om P. , Singh Raghuvir , Kumar Amit , Kumar Navin , Khatri Om P. 
Published: January 2025

The present work addresses the synthesis and application of graphene‐based ternary nanocomposite for anticorrosion performance to protect mild steel in an accelerated corrosive environment. The chemically‐functionalized graphene‐nickel oxide (Gr‐NiO)‐PANI ternary nanocomposite is synthesized by the hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and nickel salt in the presence of urea, followed by interfacial wrapping of Gr‐NiO by in situ grown polyaniline (PANI). The transmission electron microscopic images reveal the wrapping of Gr‐NiO by PANI in the Gr‐NiO‐PANI ternary nanocomposite. The spectroscopic analyses (Fourier transform infrared and Raman) suggest the multiple interactions between Gr‐NiO and interfacially grown PANI in Gr‐NiO‐PANI. The thoroughly blended Gr‐NiO‐PANI ternary nanocomposite into epoxy matrix via interfacial interactions provides uniform coating (thickness: 87 ± 6 μm) on mild steel and increases the hardness by 160%. The corrosion inhibition performance of PANI, Gr‐PANI, and Gr‐NiO‐PANI nanocomposites in epoxy coating is probed based on electrochemical and salt spray measurements in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The Gr‐NiO‐PANI in the epoxy coating substantially enhances the total impedance and protects the underneath mild steel. The salt spray tests further corroborate the electrochemical results and demonstrate substantial enhancement in corrosion inhibition by Gr‐NiO‐PANI nanocomposite with no sign of corrosion even after 10 days, revealing its potential to mitigate corrosion of mild steel‐based structural and engineering installations.
Au(I)‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Hydroarylation of Allenes for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrodiazepines or Tetrahydrodiazonines
Authors: Zhou Pengyu , Retailleau Pascal , Gandon Vincent , Voituriez Arnaud , Guinchard Xavier 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAllenes tethered to pyrroles undergo Au(I)‐catalyzed hydroarylation leading to tetrahydrodiazepines or tetrahydrodiazonines. The regioselectivity of the reaction is governed by both the substitution pattern of the allene and the nature of the Au(I) ligand. Hence, alkyl‐gem‐disubstituted allenes preferentially lead to tetrahydrodiazepines via 7‐exo‐cyclizations, while aryl‐substituted allenes preferentially lead to tetrahydrodiazonines via 9‐endo‐cyclization when a phosphite ligand is used. Enantioselective reactions have been developed with the SEGPHOS chiral ligand, leading to chiral heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). In addition, DFT calculations have streamlined the regioselectivity (7‐exo vs 9‐endo) of these gold(I)‐catalyzed cyclizations.
Photoinduced Catalytic Alkylation of Active Methine Compounds with Nonactivated Alkenes Using Yttrium Triflate as a Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Enokijima Rentaro , Ogasawara Yoshihiro , Hisada Tomoya , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotoinduced catalytic alkylation reactions of active methine compounds with nonactivated alkenes have been developed using an organophotocatalyst, a metal Lewis acid, an arylthiol, and an amine base catalyst system. The alkylation reactions proceeded smoothly under ambient conditions with blue light irradiation, affording the desired products bearing quaternary carbon centers in high yields. Furthermore, enantioselective alkylation with an nonactivated alkene was achieved using a chiral Lewis acid.
“Three‐in‐one” Analysis of Proteinuria for Disease Diagnosis through Multifunctional Nanoparticles and Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Yidan , Sun Jiazhu , Yi Jiuhong , Fu Ruijie , Liu Ben , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUrinalysis is one of the predominant tools for clinical testing owing to the abundant composition, sufficient volume, and non‐invasive acquisition of urine. As a critical component of routine urinalysis, urine protein testing measures the levels and types of proteins, enabling the early diagnosis of diseases. Traditional methods require three separate steps including strip testing, protein/creatinine ratio measurement, and electrophoresis respectively to achieve qualitative, quantitative, and classification analyses of proteins in urine with long time and cumbersome operations. Herein, this work demonstrates a “three‐in‐one” protocol to analyze the urine composition by combining multifunctional nanoparticles with machine learning. This work constructs a sensor array to analyze proteinuria by employing nanoparticles with unique optical properties, outstanding catalytic activity, diverse composition, and tunable structure as probes. Different proteins interacted with nanoprobes differently and are classified by this sensor array based on their physicochemical heterogeneities. With the aid of machine learning, the urine composition is precisely detected for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. This protocol enables quantification and classification of 5 proteinuria in 10 min without any tedious pretreatment, showing proimise for the comprehensive analysis of body fluid for early disease diagnosis.
From Radioactive Effluent to Drinking Water: Efficient Removal of Trace 99TcO4−/ReO4− by Cationic Porous Aromatic Framework
Authors: Pang Long‐Sheng , Liao Xiangjun , Zhao Chao‐Yue , Li Cheng‐Peng , Liu Zhong , Ma Shengqian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEfficient removal of 99TcO4− from radioactive effluents while recovering drinking water remains a challenge. Herein, an excellent ReO4− (a nonradioactive surrogate of 99TcO4−) scavenger is presented through covalently bonding imidazolium poly(ionic liquids) polymers with an ionic porous aromatic framework (iPAF), namely iPAF‐P67, following an adsorption‐site density‐addition strategy. It shows rapid sorption kinetics, high uptake capacity, and exceptional selectivity toward ReO4−. Notably, the residual concentration of TcO4−/ReO4− in the radioactive wastewater after iPAF‐P67 treatment is as low as 0.046 ppb, fully meeting the drinking water standards of World Health Organization (WHO, 0.159 ppb) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA, 0.053 ppb). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the imidazolium groups in iPAF‐P67 provide stronger electrostatic interactions and higher binding energies between iPAF‐P67 and TcO4− anions, leading to its superior adsorption performance. Furthermore, the scale‐up synthesized iPAF‐P67 materials are shaped with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate PAF‐P67/PES beads and nanofibers via phase inversion method and electrospinning technique, respectively. Both composites demonstrate outstanding ultra‐purification abilities toward ReO4− to meet the WHO criteria even after multiple dynamic adsorption/desorption cycles. This work develops a design strategy for adsorbents applicable in the sequestration of low‐concentration radioactive pollutants.
Clustering on Surface Plasmon Resonance Profiles to Improve Hit Assignment of Small Molecules Targeting CAG Repeat DNA
Authors: Chen Qingwen , Yamada Takeshi , Santo Hiroaki , Murakami Eitaro , Murata Asako , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Nakatani Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2025

Screening is essential in early‐stage drug discovery. In traditional methods for identifying hits after screening assays, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), specific thresholds, which may lead to information loss, are used. In this study, 177 hits from a pool of 2000 SPR profiles are identified using an unsupervised learning strategy, which includes all 104 hit profiles assigned based on intensity thresholds. The clustering result is validated with model performance scores, including recall and precision. Additionally, it is observed that the hit clusters in this SPR assay exhibit four distinct shapes with “slow‐to‐fast” kinetics, which indicates that the clusters obtained by clustering can be thought kinetically related. The kernel density estimation plot supports that different kinetics binders have molecular feature difference and show nearly consistent with the clustering results.
“A place to call home”: A process of liberation for Rohingya Refugees in the United States
Authors: Zhao Jenny , Brodsky Anne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explores the experiences of Rohingya refugees in the United States following their forced migration and years as stateless refugees. Qualitative strengths‐based phenomenological analysis was applied to individual interviews with eight key informants, all identified as Rohingya refugees. Interviews focused on experience and meaning‐making concerning the complexities of Rohingya identity and belonging, rights and liberation in the United States, and the impact of generational, gender, and migration patterns. Five superordinate themes were initially identified. The first theme focused on the adaptive and resilient responses to institutionalized discrimination, emphasizing changes in Rohingya identity and values. The second theme examined how these adaptive responses influenced participants' perceptions of American culture and society. The final three themes underscored participants' reflections on their sense of agency, efforts to preserve Rohingya culture, and their journey to find belonging. These themes were further analyzed and discussed through a liberation framework. The findings demonstrate how Rohingya diaspora communities are impacted by their pre‐, intermediary, and post‐migration experiences as they create cultural roots and establish permanency, actively claim their agency, and promote liberation.
Applying PVEST to identify the diverse coping and identity resources with which DACAmented and undocumented latine students navigate their journeys to and through higher education
Authors: Hershberg Rachel M. , de Veritch Woodside Vanessa , Durán Stteffany , Rodriguez Jessica Lemus , Gonzalez Annia Barajas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUndocumented and DACAmented Latine high school graduates are enrolling in college at a low rate despite being eligible for in‐state tuition in 25 U.S. states. More research is needed about the conditions that support students' journeys to and through their institutions. We conducted this qualitative study with nine Latine students who attended our small, public university in Washington to better understand how to support them throughout their educations and the inequities they confronted in K‐12 schools that impact higher education experiences. Through applying the phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory in a thematic analysis of participants' interviews, we illuminated variable pathways to college, including differential access to supports and challenges in K‐12 spaces, and how such supports/challenges may influence students' meaning‐making and the coping strategies and identity development processes they engaged when confronting stressors in higher education (e.g., relying on strong academic identities, or, alternatively disengaging from school). Findings highlight the complex psychosocial processes Latine youth engage in throughout their academic journeys and ways to support them as they resist oppressive systems.
Primary Effusion Lymphoma Prognostic Score (PEL‐PS): A Validated International Prognostic Score in HIV‐Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma
Authors: Lurain Kathryn , Ramaswami Ramya , Oksenhendler Eric , Boutboul David , Dalla Pria Alessia , Ulrich Lara , Shanmugasundaram Krithika , Uldrick Thomas S. , Bower Mark , Yarchoan Robert , Gérard Laurence , Steinberg Seth M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrimary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an HIV‐associated B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). There is no validated prognostic model in PEL, and prognosis is thought to be poor compared to other HIV‐associated NHL. We derived the PEL‐Prognostic score (PEL‐PS) from an international real‐world training set of 59 patients with HIV‐associated PEL who received first‐line anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy from the HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the United States and the National Center for HIV Malignancy at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital (CWH) in England from 2000 to 2022. We identified prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS). In a multivariable Cox model, ECOG ≥ 3 (p = 0.007; hazard ratio [HR] = 4.0 [95% CI: 1.5–11.1]) and hemoglobin < 8 g/dL (p = 0.006; HR = 3.8 [95% CI: 1.5–9.7]) were jointly associated with lower survival probability. The resulting PEL‐PS separated patients with no negative prognostic factors (score 0: hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL and ECOG ≤ 2, 48.1% of patients) with median OS of 10.6 years versus patients with 1–2 negative prognostic factors (score 1–2: hemoglobin < 8 g/dL and/or ECOG ≥ 3, 51.9% of patients) with median OS of 0.8 years (p < 0.0001). The PEL‐PS was then validated in 58 patients with HIV‐associated PEL treated with first‐line anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy at Hôpital Saint‐Louis in France over the same period: median OS in patients with PEL‐PS 0 was 16.9 years versus 0.6 years in patients with PEL‐PS score of 1–2 (p < 0.0001). The PEL‐PS identifies patients with good and poor prognosis. Patients with poor prognosis may benefit from novel therapies.
ortho‐Selective Suzuki Coupling of Dichlorophenol and Dichlorobenzylalcohol in Water under Palladium Catalysis Directed by Noncovalent Interactions and Computational Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shangxun , Wen Shuo , Chen Hongrun , Zhan Kewei , Weng Jiawei , Ding Danli , Cai Xingwei , Song Heng , Xu Chen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe use of attractive noncovalent interactions is emerging as a versatile approach to address site‐selectivity challenges. Herein, we report ortho‐selective Suzuki coupling reactions in water of 2,3‐dichloroarenes and 2,4‐dichloroarenes bearing a hydroxy group in the presence of a palladacycle catalyst and directed by noncovalent interactions. Various ortho‐substituted arylphenols and arylbenzyl alcohols were obtained in good to excellent yields with high selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations suggested that the ortho‐selective Suzuki coupling of dichlorophenols and dichlorobenzyl alcohols occurred through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions, respectively.
One‐pot Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐1H‐pyrazolylphosphonates
Authors: Chirra Nagaraju , Shanigarapu Varshitha , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Kantevari Srinivas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHerein, we present an effective one‐pot method for the synthesis of imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole‐pyrazole phosphonates from 5‐imidazo[2,1‐b] thiazole carboxaldehydes. The reaction involves a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between in situ generated α,β‐unsaturated ketones and the Bestmann–Ohira reagent (BOR), facilitated by a base, leading to the formation of pyrazole phosphonates as the sole regioisomer with excellent yields. The in vitro evaluation of the newly synthesized compounds 4(a–x) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) identified compound 4 o as the most effective analogue (MIC: 6.25 μg/mL; 10.40 μM).