bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidate causative variant for xanthinuria in a Domestic Shorthair cat
Authors: Pritchard Emily , Samaha Georgina , Mizzi Kim , Boland Lara ,   99Lives Consortium, Haase Bianca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractXanthinuria is a clinically significant form of urolithiasis in cats with poor clinical outcomes and limited treatment options. In humans, xanthinuria has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, with variants in xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MOCOS) responsible for cases. While causative genetic variants have not been identified in the domestic cat, a recessive mode of inheritance has been suggested. DNA was extracted from EDTA‐stabilised blood obtained from a Domestic Shorthair cat with clinically confirmed xanthinuria. Whole‐genome sequencing and variant assessment in XDH and MOCOS identified XDH:c.2042C>T (XDH:p.(A681V)) as a candidate causative variant for xanthinuria in this cat. The variant is located in a highly conserved part of the molybdenum–pterin co‐factor domain, responsible for catalysing the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid. Variants in this domain of XDH have been shown to disrupt enzyme function and to cause xanthinuria in other species. When assessed in the wider cat population, the variant had an allele frequency of 15.8%, with 0.9% of the animals assessed homozygous for the alternative allele. Cats diagnosed with xanthinuria should be tested for this variant to validate its clinical relevance in the wider population.
Tactical strangers: Mobility, trade, and gendered strangerhood in West Africa
Authors: Jónsson Gunvor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMande women in West Africa unable or unwilling to conform to patriarchal gender expectations risk being evicted from social and kinship support structures. Some nonconformist women from Mali respond to this predicament by engaging intactical strangerhood: they choose to remain on the social margins, capitalizing on their situation as strangers by working as foreign traders in Dakar (Senegal). Tactical strangerhood entails only partial inclusion into patriarchal family and social structures and constitutes one of the nonconformist ways in which women in West Africa enact gender roles. Long‐distance trade and travel by Mande women have led to new forms of gendered strangerhood, challenging—and potentially transforming—dominant ideologies of gender differentiation in this part of West Africa. By engaging in tactical strangerhood, women develop new forms of gendered subjectivity. Tactical strangerhood can therefore be considered an implicitly feminist and emancipatory exercise.
India and the Gulf: Regional security and India's multialignment policy
Authors: Quamar Md. Muddassir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the 21st century, India significantly enhanced its engagements with the Gulf region driven by domestic economic and security considerations. New Delhi followed a policy of strengthening bilateral ties and maintained neutrality on intraregional disputes, tensions, and rivalries. Hence, the Gulf policy followed the fine print of a multialigned foreign policy, a concept frequently used to describe the post‐Cold War shifts in India's external relations. However, given the transitions in the regional security scenario both because of regional developments and systemic factors, India's multialigned policy in the Gulf faces serious challenges. The Indian response reveals that despite different regional and international factors pulling in different directions, the Gulf policy continues to be guided by multialignment.
Effect of acute exercise on 12,13‐dihydroxy‐9Z‐octadecenoic acid (12,13‐diHOME) levels in obese male adolescents
Authors: Gurup Aybüke , Yakal Sertaç , Tarçın Gürkan , Şahinler Ayla Sibel , Turan Hande , Toprak Muhammed Sait , Gungor Zeynep B. , Ercan Oya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective12,13‐Dihydroxy‐9Z‐octadecenoic acid (12,13‐diHOME) is a lipokine secreted from brown adipose tissue, and it has positive effects on dyslipidemia. Acute exercise has been shown to lead to an increase in its secretion. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship of 12,13‐diHOME with obesity, exercise and dyslipidaemia for the first time in the adolescent age group.DesignProspective study.PatientsTwenty‐eight male adolescents with obesity and the same number of age‐matched healthy normal‐weight male controls.MeasurementsFasting serum glucose, insulin, lipid and 12,13‐diHOME levels were measured. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects using a stress test treadmill. Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) and anaerobic threshold heart rate (ATHR) were measured.ResultsAdolescents with obesity had lower 12,13‐diHOME levels than normal‐weight adolescents both before and after acute exercise (p = .025 and p = .019, respectively), and after acute exercise, 12,13‐diHOME levels significantly increased in both groups (p = .001 for both). 12,13‐diHOME levels negatively correlated with triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL‐C, and positively correlated with HDL‐C. Also, peak VO2 and ATHR levels showed positive correlation with 12,13‐diHOME levels.Conclusion12,13‐diHOME levels were found to be lower in adolescents with obesity than normal‐weight adolescents and increased with acute exercise. Also, the close relationship of this molecule with dyslipidaemia in addition to that with obesity suggests that it has an important role in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Further molecular studies will further elucidate the role of 12,13‐diHOME in obesity and dyslipidaemia.
Updated insights on dementia‐related risk of sacubitril/valsartan: A real‐world pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Chen Congqin , Ding Lingqing , Fu Fang , Xiao Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimSacubitril/valsartan is a new cardiovascular agent characterized by its dual inhibition on the reninangiotensin system (RAS) and the neprilysin. As neprilysin also involved itself in the degradation of amyloid‐β, there is an ongoing concern about the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on cognition, especially in case of long‐term administration.MethodsThe FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was mined between 2015Q3 and 2022Q4 to analyze the association between sacubitril/valsartan and adverse events (AEs) involving dementia. Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Queries (SMQs) with “broad” and “narrow” preferred terms (PTs) relevant to dementia was applied to systematically search demented AE reports. The Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) from Multi‐Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) and proportional reporting ratio with Chi‐square (PRR, χ2) were used to calculate the disproportionality.ResultsWe filtered the query for indication and identified 80,316 reports with heart failure indication in FAERS during the analytical period. Among all the reports, sacubitril/valsartan was listed as primary suspected or secondary suspected drug in 29,269 cases. No significantly elevated reporting rates of narrow dementia were evident with sacubitril/valsartan. The EBGM05 for narrow dementia‐related AEs associated with sacubitril/valsartan was 0.88 and the PRR (χ2) was 1.22 (2.40). Similarly, broad demented complications were not over‐reported in the heart failure patients administrated with sacubitril/valsartan (EBGM05 1.11; PRR 1.31, χ2 109.36).ConclusionThe number of dementia‐related cases reported to FAERS generate no safety signal attributable to sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure for now. Further follow‐ups are still warranted to address this question.
Household structure, labour participation, and economic inequality in Britain, 1937–61
Authors: Gazeley Ian , Newell Andrew , Reynolds Kevin , Rufrancos Hector 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate household income/expenditure inequality using survey data for the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1961. Previous studies employed tax unit or wage rate data. Between 1937/8 and 1953/4, we find little change in inequality for incomes below the top 5 per cent or 10 per cent. This is consistent with the tax unit data. By 1961, inequality was notably higher than in 1953/4. Three trends might account for this: growth in the shares of non‐working and multiple‐worker households, and in the proportion of non‐manual jobs. Non‐manual jobs are diverse in skills and earnings. We find the upward impact on inequality of the rise of non‐working households is mostly offset by their being both smaller and poorer. Data limitations disallow evaluating the impacts of the other two trends, but they are consistent with steady postwar wage differentials observed by other studies.
Disturbed medication management in older adults with good cognitive health and mild cognitive impairment associated with semantic memory impairment: The Wakuya Project
Authors: Kumai Mika , Kumai Keiichi , Kuroki Goro , Shoji Miwako , Nakamura Kei , Meguro Kenichi 
Published: March 2023

AimFor older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, maintaining daily lives at home is also ideal for quality of life. However, they have serious problems with medication management. Although the Dementia Assessment Sheet in community‐based integrated care system‐21 items and the regimen comprehension scale are assessment scales for medication, there have been no reports evaluating both semantic memory and actual performance.MethodsA total of 180 older adults aged ≥75 years were entered in the Wakuya Project. They underwent the Clinical Dementia Rating, with two original tests: (i) the original semantic memory task for taking medication including the Dementia Assessment Sheet in community‐based integrated care system‐21 items; and (ii) the actual performance task related to medication including regimen comprehension scale. Non‐demented participants were classified into two groups based on reports from their families; that is, a good management group (n = 66) and a poor management group (n = 42), and the two original tests were analyzed as explanatory variables.ResultsThere were no differences between the two groups for the actual performance task related to medication including regimen comprehension scale. The success rates for the actual performance task related to medication including regimen comprehension scale (good management group/poor management group) were: regimen comprehension scale 40.9/23.8, One‐Day Calendar 93.9/90.5, Medicine Chest 36.4/23.8 and Sequential Behavior Task 66.7/66.7, respectively. In the original semantic memory task for taking medication including the Dementia Assessment Sheet in community‐based integrated care system‐21 items, logistic regression analysis showed that only the mechanism of action remained (B –2.38, SE 1.10, Wald 4.69, P‐value = 0.03, OR 0.09, 95%CI 0.01–0.80).ConclusionOur results suggest that disruption of medicine management might also be associated with drug semantic memory impairment between the two groups, with no difference in general cognitive and executive functions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 319–325.
Bronchiolar adenoma with squamous metaplasia: a distinct phenotype
Authors: Teng Xiao , Chen Zhen , Zhang Lichen , Teng Xiaodong 
Published: March 2023

AimsPulmonary bronchiolar adenoma is a benign lung tumour characterised by nodular proliferation of bilayered bronchiolar‐type epithelium with a continuous layer of basal cells. The aim of this study was to describe a distinct and rare histological type of pulmonary bronchiolar adenoma: bronchiolar adenoma with squamous metaplasia.Methods and resultsWe examined the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics of five cases (two cases from the same patient). The samples were histopathologically characterised by bilayered bronchiolar‐type cells with sheets like spindle‐oval and polygonal cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that columnar surface cells of the tumour were diffusely positive for TTF‐1 and Napsin A, while basal cells were positive for P40 and P63. Moreover, the squamous metaplastic cells in the stroma were positive for P40, and P63, while being negative for TTF‐1, Napsin A, S100, and SMA. Genomic analyses uncovered that all five samples had BRAF V600E mutations. Notably, both squamous metaplastic and basal cells were positive for BRAF V600E staining.ConclusionWe discovered a distinct subtype of pulmonary bronchiolar adenoma termed bronchiolar adenoma with squamous metaplasia. It is composed of columnar surface cells, basal cells, and sheet‐like spindle‐oval cells with squamous metaplasia in the stroma. All five samples harboured the BRAF V600E mutation. Importantly, BASM may be misdiagnosed as pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma upon frozen sections analysis. It may need further immunohistochemistry staining.
Augmented reality in marketing: Conceptualization and systematic review
Authors: Massa Elodie , Ladhari Riadh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis systematic review of the literature focuses on the use of AR and its impacts in the marketing area. It provides a multidisciplinary, up‐to‐date synthesis of the literature and an exhaustive classification of AR. Through the use of the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol, 148 articles were selected for analysis. The study has three main objectives. First, it reports the key characteristics (distribution by year, publication outlets, etc.), theoretical models, and methodologies used in this research domain. Second, it suggests a classification of the types of AR according to their triggers and the object of the augmentation (self vs. external). Third, it proposes a framework that presents (1) the AR features and attributes and the AR use experience; (2) the cognitive, affective, and social mediators; and (3) the outcomes of these experiences. Key moderators (types of AR, types of products, individual characteristics, etc.) are also discussed. Using the TCCM framework (theories, context, characteristics, and methodologies), this study offers several future research avenues and highlights the importance of considering the effects of the different types of AR. Finally, it offers pointers for managers on how to develop efficient AR solutions and how these can be used to reduce a company's carbon footprint.
The cytosolic DNA sensor AIM2 promotes Helicobacter‐induced gastric pathology via the inflammasome
Authors: Dawson Ruby E , Deswaerte Virginie , West Alison C , Sun Ekimei , Wray‐McCann Georgie , Livis Thaleia , Kumar Beena , Rodriguez Emiliana , Gabay Cem , Ferrero Richard L , Jenkins Brendan J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can trigger chronic gastric inflammation perpetuated by overactivation of the innate immune system, leading to a cascade of precancerous lesions culminating in gastric cancer. However, key regulators of innate immunity that promote H. pylori–induced gastric pathology remain ill‐defined. The innate immune cytosolic DNA sensor absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as cancers including gastric cancer. We therefore investigated whether AIM2 contributed to the pathogenesis of Helicobacter‐induced gastric disease. Here, we reveal that AIM2 messenger RNA and protein expression levels are elevated in H. pylori–positive versus H. pylori–negative human gastric biopsies. Similarly, chronic Helicobacter felis infection in wild‐type mice augmented Aim2 gene expression levels compared with uninfected controls. Notably, gastric inflammation and hyperplasia were less severe in H. felis–infected Aim2−/− versus wild‐type mice, evidenced by reductions in gastric immune cell infiltrates, mucosal thickness and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release. In addition, H. felis–driven proliferation and apoptosis in both gastric epithelial and immune cells were largely attenuated in Aim2−/− stomachs. These observations in Aim2−/− mouse stomachs correlated with decreased levels of inflammasome activity (caspase‐1 cleavage) and the mature inflammasome effector cytokine, interleukin‐1β. Taken together, this work uncovers a pathogenic role for the AIM2 inflammasome in Helicobacter‐induced gastric disease, and furthers our understanding of the host immune response to a common pathogen and the complex and varying roles of AIM2 at different stages of cancerous and precancerous gastric disease.
Expanding strain coverage of a group A Streptococcus pilus–expressing Lactococcus lactis mucosal vaccine
Authors: J‐Khemlani Adrina Hema , Pilapitiya Devaki , Tsai Catherine Jia‐Yun , Proft Thomas , Loh Jacelyn Mei San 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human pathogenic bacterium that can trigger a wide range of diseases, including the autoimmune diseases acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, causing major morbidity and mortality in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Primary intervention programs have had limited success thus far, and a licensed vaccine has yet to be developed. The pilus of GAS is known to be involved in host cell adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion. We have a mucosal vaccine in development that expresses the pilus of GAS on the surface of the nonpathogenic bacterium Lactococcus lactis. To expand strain coverage, we combined seven L. lactis constructs, each expressing a different GAS pilus variant, and investigated the systemic and mucosal immune responses following immunization. Mice immunized with this combination showed specific immunoglobin G and immunoglobin A responses to the GAS pilus proteins of vaccine strains, at levels comparable to mice immunized with a single construct. Cross‐reactivity to pilus proteins of nonvaccine strains was also evident. Furthermore, protective efficacy against a homologous strain of GAS in a murine nasopharyngeal colonization model was observed. Overall, this study provides further evidence for using pilus‐expressing lactic acid bacteria as a vaccine to prevent upper respiratory tract GAS infections.
Effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving grief and depression in caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sánchez‐Alcón Miriam , Sánchez‐Ramos José Luis , Garrido‐Fernández Almudena , Sosa‐Cordobés Elena , Ortega‐Galán Ángela María , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCaregivers of people suffering from dementia may go through a grieving process prior to the death of the cared‐for person, which is related to mental health and physical problems. Interventions aimed at improving grief and depression are being used in response to these difficulties. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the grief process in home‐based caregivers of people with dementia with the aim of reducing grief and depression. A systematic review, including a meta‐analysis, was designed. Following the PRISMA guideline, original articles were searched in the databases: Medline, WOS, Scopus and PsycINFO, up to September 2022. Articles that evaluated interventions aimed at improving the grief process in caregivers of people with dementia, whose care recipients were alive at the beginning of the study at minimum and living at home were selected. Grief and depression were considered outcome variables. A meta‐analysis was carried out with a fixed effects model for these variables and for the domains of the Caregiver Grief Scale (CGS). Eight articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the interventions aimed at improving the grief process showed an improvement in grief and depression. The ‘emotional pain’ and ‘absolute loss’ domains of the CGS stood out with an improvement in these variables. Interventions aimed at improving the grief process are relatively effective in reducing grief and depression. Interventions that are even more effective and more robust studies are needed.
Nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya: A scoping review
Authors: Kimani Rachel Wangari , Gatimu Samwel Maina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo explore contextual literature on nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya to develop an understanding of the current state and inform opportunities to strengthen the nursing and midwifery professions.IntroductionKenya has yet to achieve the minimum nursing and midwifery workforce threshold, despite the exponential increase in population and epidemiologic disease transitions.BackgroundThere are glaring health gaps and inequities in sub‐Saharan African countries. Health systems are evolving into complex and costly utilities, increasing the demand for nurses and midwives. It is, therefore, necessary to re‐examine systems that educate, deploy and retain the nursing workforce, especially given the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and increase in non‐communicable diseases.MethodsThis scoping review was guided and reported following the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science) were probed for relevant studies conducted in Kenya between 1963 and 2020. The search was supplemented using Google Scholar. Findings from selected studies were extracted and analysed thematically.ResultsOf the 238 retrieved studies, 37 were included in this review: 10 articles on nursing and midwifery education, 11 on regulation and 16 on the workforce.DiscussionThere have been changes in regulation and an increase in nursing and midwifery enrolment and graduates. However, maldistribution and shortage of nurses and midwives persist.ConclusionsKenya's nursing and midwifery professions have undergone significant changes to meet the demand for a skilled workforce. However, the shortage of qualified and specialised nurses and midwives persists. Moreover, this shortage is exacerbated by underinvestment, outmigration and a need for more reforms to expand the nursing and midwifery workforce.Implication for nursing and midwifery policyInvestment in nurse and midwifery education, mentorship and legislation is needed to build the capacity of the profession to provide quality health services. Several nursing and midwifery policy changes utilising a multipronged approach involving stakeholders’ collaboration are suggested to address the bottlenecks from education to deployment.