bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic loss as the impact of climate change on tuna fishermen in Northern Indonesian waters
Authors: Chan S , Haridhi H A , Damora A , Aprilla R M , Rahmah A , Asni K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine how big the impact of climate change is on the economic loss of the catch of Tuna fishermen in the northern waters of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Unfavorable climate change has an impact on decreasing fishing catches due to changes in seawater biophysics such as increasing sea surface temperatures, increasing wave height, and wind. The respondents in this study were 40 Tuna fishermen, located in 6 (six) villages in the waters of North Aceh., from two different WPPs, namely WPP 571 and 572. Data were collected by interview and using questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that there is a decrease in the level of welfare of coastal communities which is marked by a decrease in income levels caused by climate change. The results of the Present Value calculation also show that there is an economic loss for both small boats (<5GT) and large boats (>5GT), and the slope loss for small fishermen is steeper than for large fishermen. This indicates that large fishermen are more resilient to climate change than small fishermen. For an adaptation strategy, it is recommended that Tuna fishermen on the north coast of Aceh waters, both those in WPP 571 and 572, leave small boats and switch to larger boats (>5GT) which are proven to be more resistant to climate change than small boats (<5GT).
Law Enforcement in Plastic Waste Management in Aceh Waters: Transboundary Marine Pollution Concern
Authors: Nellyana R , Listriani S , Mahfud M , Rivaldi A , Chaliluddin M A , Bustami B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The threat of climate change, which is categorized as an environmental issue, is no longer a problem for one or two countries but has become a worldwide issue affecting nearly all nations. Plastic bags are one of the leading drivers of climate change since, from production through disposal and management, plastic garbage emits a lot of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Aceh is a province bordered by the Malacca Strait and the Indian Ocean, both of which are international seas and border other nations. These two bodies of water are the entry and exit points for plastic debris from Aceh’s mainland and elsewhere. This is empirical legal research, a combination of library research on several related legal documents and interviewing some informants and respondents. It found that there is no specific regulation in Aceh as a province that is concerned about Marine debris as it’s not included as a priority for the government of Aceh. It has a significant impact on the ineffectiveness of plastic waste law enforcement in Aceh.
Determination of heavy metals and rare earth elements in sediment and river water of the Citarum Watershed
Authors: Yustiawati  , Mulyaningsih T R , Yusuf S , Subehi L , Nugraha M F I , Julzarika A , Imroatushshoolikhah  , Sofiyuddin H A , Akhdiana I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Citarum River and its tributary rivers flows through Bandung Regency, with the watershed area about 6080 km2. These rivers play important role for local people in various field. Unfortunately, the anthropogenic activities in Citarum watershed have caused some environmental problems such as erosion, sedimentation, and water quality deterioration. Many various elements and heavy metals enter into the river from industrial waste, domestic waste, and some lithogenic materials where they will be distributed to aquatic ecosystem components such as sediment and aquatic biota. The aim of this research is to determine the distribution of heavy metals and rare earth elements in water and sediment river in Citarum River and its tributary river. The heavy metals and rare earth elements were measured using neutron activation analysis technique that can determine many elements simultaneously. The samples were collected from 10 sampling stations, from Situ Cisanti (upper segment) to Saguling Reservoir inlet, in March 2022. The result indicated that there were 13 elements detected in river water that consist of Na, K, Ca, Al, Mg, Ti, Co, Zn, Rb, Rb, Sb, Cs, La, V. In river sediment, 25 elements were detected that consist of 9 major elements (Na, K, Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, V, Mn), 10 minor elements (Co, Zn, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, Ta, Cs, Th, U, Hf) and 6 rare earth elements (La, Sc, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb).
Analysis of the Socio-Economic vulnerability of coastal area of Leupung District, Aceh Besar
Authors: Imstiyaz A , Deli A , Irham M , Mariana  , Idami Z , Miswar E , Ichwana  , Gani A , Sopian S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the status of socio-economic vulnerability in the coastal area of Leupung sub-district, Aceh Besar district. The assessment was carried out by applying six indicators of vulnerability, namely income per capital, asset ownership, green belt area, population density, education level, and local wisdom using the SEVI (Social Economic Vulnerability Index) method. These indicators were then analyzed and described in the form of vulnerability maps using GIS applications to get a clear picture of the socio-economic conditions of communities in the form of thematic maps. The results of the study indicate that the green belt in several villages in the Leupung area has a high vulnerability status, then asset ownership, population density, and income per capita are included in the vulnerable category. Meanwhile, the local wisdom and education level of the community is generally in low to moderate vulnerability status. The results also indicate that the status of vulnerability in the sub-district of Leupung tends to lead to high vulnerability if coastal management does not anticipate these possibilities.
Nebrius ferrugineus (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobiformes: Ginglymostomatidae) record and the role of citizen science for conservation in Morotai North Maluku Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan M , Bimantara H A , Pridina N , Wardhanie A N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Nebrius ferrugineus, or tawny nurse shark, is a species of carpet shark distributed across the tropical Indo-Pacific region. This species has little species-specific information on biology and fisheries. The tawny nurse shark is listed as “Vulnerable” on IUCN Redlist and is rarely seen, recorded, and studied in Indonesia. We recorded this species during SCUBA diving in Morotai waters in April 2022. Recorded live encounters by SCUBA diving activities in Indonesia are even more scarce. In Morotai, North Maluku, this species anecdotally exists by reports from SCUBA divers, however, have not been documented very well. Scientific record of this species is highly important for conservation and habitat management. The government of Indonesia also recognised the significance of biodiversity and potential marine tourism in Morotai by declaring 65,520.75 hectares of Marine Protected Area (MPA) named Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Pulau Rao - Tanjung Dehegila. This MPA focuses on protecting marine biodiversity, historical object preservation (World War II underwater relics) and sustainable small-scale fisheries. However, species-specific protection for tawny nurse sharks does not exist in Indonesia. In Morotai, where this species is recorded, marine protected areas are only effective in conserving shark if it is sufficiently large, well-enforced, and monitored.
Annealing effects on Al/polyimide adhesion in flexible optical solar reflectors
Authors: Cordill MJ , Kreiml P , Lassnig A , Gebhart DD , Zak S , Mitterer C , Griesser T , Milassin G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Flexible optical solar reflectors are made of single and multi-layered metal thin films on polymer substrates and will encounter around 6000 thermal cycles exceeding +/-100°C during one year of operation in low earth orbit. The candidate thin film system of Inconel/silver (Ag)/Teflon (FEP) recently demonstrated early damage formation (cracks and voids) after only a few thermal cycles, most likely due to the poor interfacial properties between Ag and FEP. An alternative material system that could be used is colourless polyimide, Tormed, instead of FEP. Additionally, aluminium (Al) has demonstrated very good interfacial properties with polyimide even after thermal cycling and has suitable optical properties. The adhesion of the Al/Tormed and Ag/Tormed interfaces were evaluated with tensile induced delamination. Generally, Al/Tormed has a much higher interface adhesion energy compared to Ag/Tormed, and there is no significant degradation after bake-out in vacuum (200°C, 10-6 mbar) for 10 and 24 hrs. Thus, the Al/Tormed system could be a more robust coating system for future flexible solar reflectors.
Space Silicone Adhesive Monitoring Via Minimally Intrusive Optical Fibre Sensing During Vacuum UV/VUV Radiation Exposure
Authors: Fazzi L , Dias N , Holynska M , Rampini R , Groves R M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work a technique to monitor the health state of space adhesives during environmental testing is presented. Specifically, minimally intrusive Tilted Fibre Bragg Grating (TFBG) sensor was embedded in silicone adhesive Nusil CV16-2500 used to bond two thin cover glasses. The resulting solar cell assembly was then exposed to the UV/VUV radiation in a high vacuum chamber (less than 10-5 mbar). The sensor is demonstrated that it was able to measure simultaneously the strain, temperature and refractive index of the adhesive. The three parameters measured with the TFBG, can be used to detect the thermomechanical and refractometric state of the silicone adhesive.
Solar Absorptivity Degradation of Spacecraft Materials Due to UV and Charged Particles in the Gateway Environment
Authors: Zinecker A , Spivey B , Jayne G , Hasegawa M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gateway will be an outpost in cislunar space designed to survive a 15-year mission to support human Moon landings and future deep space exploration. The Gateway Passive Thermal Control System (PTCS) Group has identified charged particle and UV degradation of potential Gateway materials as a knowledge gap for the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO) and transit environment, especially the slow spiral transit planned for the first two modules. Solar absorptivity degradation is important to quantify because the end-of-life absorptivity impacts thermal performance of the system. To address this, ground testing has been completed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in which potential Gateway materials, including radiators, multi-layer insulation (MLI), and structural materials are subjected to the expected transit plus 15-year on-orbit charged particle fluence (9.86x1015 protons/cm2 at 2.5 keV and 3.1x1016 electrons/cm2 at 10 keV) and 5093 Equivalent Solar Hours (ESH). Reflectivity of a single sample of each material was measured in atmosphere and in vacuum inside the chamber after exposure to incremental levels of ESH and charged particle fluence. Increase in absorptivity of most samples were seen throughout the test including large differences in absorptivity of materials of the same category. Future planned testing will validate these results and include additional materials of interest.
Design of Innovative High-Performance Polymer for Passive Lunar Dust Mitigation
Authors: Saccone Guido , Favaloro Nunzia , Rosa Claudio De , Girolamo Rocco Di , Stefano Giuseppina Di , Cipriani Fabrice 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dust in space environments is now recognized as a major concern for successful manned and robotic exploration and colonization missions. Indeed, a thin layer of dust covers the lunar surface made of loose granular material, consisting of a broad range of shapes, sizes, and types of sediments, which mainly consists of silicate minerals in the form of micrometric, sharp, abrasive, porous, chemically reactive dust particles. The aim of this paper is to present preliminary results related to the design and development of an innovative, lightweight, high-performance polymer with an elevated strength-to-weight ratio able to mitigate particle contamination. In detail, dust mitigation or the minimization of the surface energy and consequently the adhesion forces among the external layers and the granular dust micrometric particles can be achieved through modifications of the surface properties by means of both chemical and physical methodologies. The proposed approach, to realize an innovative material and not a hydrophobic coating, is potentially applicable to a wide range of technological conditions and it relies on reproducible and controllable chemical modifications of the material’s surface properties through the design and synthesis of suitable base materials i.e., aromatic polyimides and copolyimides and incorporation of special low molecular weight additives, i.e., surface migrating agents, loaded directly within the reacting mixture during the intermediate phases of the copolymerization. The materials investigated in this work exhibit mechanical properties able to withstand the extreme space environment conditions and an elevated non-sticking behaviour of its surface layers in contact with granular, micrometric dust particles of lunar regolith i.e., abhesion capacity.
Measurement of Mass Gain Behavior due to Hydration and Reduction of Uncertainty Induced by Time Lag of Weighing on Pristine Kapton Film after Heating in Vacuum
Authors: Fujiwara Eijo , Iwata Minoru , Tagawa Masahito , Tachikawa Sumitaka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To simulate material degradations in space environments, materials are exposed to various space environment factors in vacuum. In vacuum, low-molecular-weight component, moisture, and etc. desorb from the materials, and it follows the mass loss. The vacuum-desorbed materials, however, adsorb the moisture due to retrieval from vacuum chamber into the atmosphere condition. The mass gain due to hydration disturb the accuracy of an atomic oxygen fluence measurement and an outgassing test. In this study, we have evaluated the mass gain behaviour of vacuum-desorbed material due to hydration. To desorb the moisture, the test specimens were heated in vacuum. After dehydration in vacuum, the mass of test specimen was measured by using an ultra-micro balance inside the low-humidity controlled globe box to evaluate the mass equivalent to that in vacuum condition and then the mass was measured under controlled condition of 50% relative humidity to evaluate the mass gain in atmosphere. From the experimental results, we have evaluated the uncertainties due to hydration occurring during the time lag between sample retrieval from a vacuum chamber to sample weighing, quantitatively. The back extrapolation using the regression curve based on the solution of diffusion equation is effective on the reduction of uncertainties.
Thermal absorptivity of a metallic surface contaminated by EAC-1A regolith simulant
Authors: Kralik T , Frolec J , Bras B , Portaluppi M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of EAC-1A lunar regolith simulant contamination on the thermal absorption properties of a metallic surface. Masses ranging from 1.0 mg to 1016 mg of the European Astronaut Centre lunar regolith simulant 1 (EAC-1A) were placed on a chemically polished aluminium disc and the total hemispherical absorptivity (αTH) was measured at temperatures TA
of the disc itself between 5 K and 100 K. Temperature TR
of the thermal radiation source ranged from 20 to 280 K. Even a small amount of EAC-1A (several μg/mm2) increased the original αTH of the bare surface up to thirty times and with increasing volumes the effect was even more prominent. However, αTH significantly decreased at higher T
R in case of higher simulant volumes. The results suggest that grains of EAC-1A acted as a thermal shield, preventing the incident thermal radiation to reach the substrate surface. Our findings may have a practical relevance for the thermal management of spacecrafts for exploration missions on Moon and Mars surface.
Commercial optical coatings in space
Authors: Wessing Johanna J. , Bras Bruno , Dias Nuno , Tighe Adrian , Rampini Riccardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The use of commercial optical coatings for space applications for the aptly named “New Space” missions is a state-of-the-art trend. These products are generally less costly and time-consuming in their production and therefore, there is a much wider range of optical coatings available compared to custom-made products. However, the reliability of commercial manufacturing processes is a key concern. Additionally, the resistance of commercial products against space environmental degradation mechanism at operating temperatures needs to be evaluated. In this study, seven commercial products with multi-layer thin film optical coatings consisting of filters, mirrors and windows have been selected from various manufacturers and the results with regards to process verification and space environmental exposure testing are presented. The impact of space environmental effects on the optical performance of the coatings is evaluated, with particular emphasis on the performance at cryogenic temperature. Finally, guidelines and precautions for use of commercial optical coatings for space applications.
Analysis of micron size space debris impacts on materials: comparison of ground-based testing and in-flight results
Authors: Peeters Kristien , Martins Ricardo , Tighe Adrian , Rampini Riccardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A new experimental facility has been built in ESA-ESTEC to simulate orbital debris impacts. The facility uses a laser driven flyer plate technique to accelerate small aluminium particles to high velocities. The area of interest is the population of small sized debris objects (<700 μm) with impact velocities up to 10 kms-1. Impact damage has been observed on different types of thin foils, but fragmentation is very noticeable, both at impact and at the creation of the flyer. The size distribution seems random and velocities between 1 and 6 kms-1 have been established. Results from different types of targets are presented, including a new type of flyer plate target. The flyer plate method appears to be promising and the new targets show a limited fragmentation on each laser beam shot compared to the others.
Molecular contamination control for Exomars 2022 Mission
Authors: Pandi A. , Locantore I. , Giuliani M. , Saverino A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ExoMars 2022 integration facility has been built at the Thales Alenia Space Italy in Turin. The facility includes a GBT (Glove Box Train), that is an ISO3 class facility, totally aseptic and characterized by controlled airborne molecular organic contamination. This new facility provides an environment strictly controlled for what concerns cleanliness and contamination, specifically conceived to perform AIT of The Ultra Clean Zone (UCZ) of the ExoMars Rover Analytical Laboratory Drawer.
Indeed, standard methods as per ECSS-Q-ST-70-05C and ECSS-Q-ST-70-50C are not suitable for the monitoring of integration facility and Flight H/W. The environment of GBT has been required to be monitored in terms of airborne molecular contamination (AMC) on the basis of ISO 14644-8. The maximum contamination levels allowable on flight H/W after accelerated CO2 snow cleaning and at the end of integration activities are one order of magnitude less than the detection limit of standard FT-IR techniques for molecular contamination.
For these reasons a dedicated method has been set up for molecular contamination monitoring. This paper shows the development of Thermal Desoprtion-Gas Cromatography/Mass Spectrometer (TD-GC/MS) method for the monitoring of extremely low organic contamination levels both on air samples and on witnesses representative of the Flight H/W, providing also the most recent results obtained in the frame of ExoMars 2022 UCZ QM and FM AIT Campaign.
Comparison between purged and vacuum bake-out efficiency
Authors: Szmolka S , Bras B , Rampini R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purged bake-outs can be an appealing alternative to vacuum bake-outs to mitigate molecular outgassing of space hardware. However, their suitability is still debated since there is a lack of knowledge regarding their efficiency. This publication presents a method to assess the efficiency of purged bake-outs, comparing them to vacuum bake-outs, and provides first results of a parametric study on a few materials, with particular emphasis in the effects that pressure, nitrogen flow, and gas inlet temperature have on the efficiency of the process. The study was done without a specific mission in mind, pre-determined temperature and duration profiles were applied. It is however stressed that the actual bake-out conditions will have to be related to the particular mission of interest.
Characterisation of lunar and Martian dust simulants and impacts on thermo-optical properties of space materials
Authors: Suarez Kahan A , Delacourt B , Dias N , Holyńska M , Tighe A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Characterisation analyses were carried out on several available lunar and Martian simulants in order to provide standardised comparative data to guide testing. Thermal conductivity measurements were performed on regolith powder under ambient conditions Reflectance spectra were obtained for several simulants including separated size-fractions in order to calculate solar absorptance (αS
) values. The change in thermo-optical properties of optical solar reflectors (OSRs) due to lunar simulant EAC-1A <100 μm fraction dust deposition was investigated, showing a linear increase in αS
and infrared emittance (εIR
) values. Facilities are in development for future work involving dusty testing under simulated lunar environments.