bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT synthesis from MRI with an improved multi-scale learning network
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Sisi , Lu Yao , Qi Zhenyu 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Using MRI to synthesize CT and substitute its function in radiation therapy has drawn wide research interests. Currently, deep learning models have become the first choice for MRI—CT synthesis because of their ability to study complex non-linear relations. However, existing studies still lack the ability to learn complex local and global MRI–CT relations in the same time , which influences the intensity and structural performance of synthetic images.Methods: This study proposes a hybrid multi-scale model to explore rich local and global MRI—CT relations, relations, namely, the hybrid multi-scale synthesis network (HMSS-Net). It includes two modules modelling different resolution inputs. In the low-resolution module, the Transformer method is applied to build its bottleneck part to expand the receptive field and explore long-range MRI—CT relations to estimate the coarse distribution of widely spread tissues and large organs. In the high-resolution module, residual and dense connections are applied to explore complex local MRI—CT relations under multiple step sizes. Then, the feature spaces of two modules are combined together and utilized to provide synthetic CT. HMSS-Net also introduces the multi-scale structural similarity index measure loss to provide multi-scale supervision during training.Results: The experimental results on head and neck regions of 78 patients showed that HMSS–Net reduced the average of 7.6/3.13 HU on the mean absolute error and increased the average of 2.1/1.8% on the dice coefficient of bone compared with competing image–to–image synthesis methods.Conclusion: The results imply that HMSS–Net could effectively improve the intensity and structural performances of synthetic CT.
Monitoring tar spot disease in corn at different canopy and temporal levels using aerial multispectral imaging and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Chongyuan , Lane Brenden , Fernández-Campos Mariela , Cruz-Sancan Andres , Lee Da-Young , Gongora-Canul Carlos , Ross Tiffanna J. , Da Silva Camila R. , Telenko Darcy E. P. , Goodwin Stephen B. , Scofield Steven R. , Oh Sungchan , Jung Jinha , Cruz C. D. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionTar spot is a high-profile disease, causing various degrees of yield losses on corn (Zea mays L.) in several countries throughout the Americas. Disease symptoms usually appear at the lower canopy in corn fields with a history of tar spot infection, making it difficult to monitor the disease with unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) because of occlusion.MethodsUAS-based multispectral imaging and machine learning were used to monitor tar spot at different canopy and temporal levels and extract epidemiological parameters from multiple treatments. Disease severity was assessed visually at three canopy levels within micro-plots, while aerial images were gathered by UASs equipped with multispectral cameras. Both disease severity and multispectral images were collected from five to eleven time points each year for two years. Image-based features, such as single-band reflectance, vegetation indices (VIs), and their statistics, were extracted from ortho-mosaic images and used as inputs for machine learning to develop disease quantification models.Results and discussionThe developed models showed encouraging performance in estimating disease severity at different canopy levels in both years (coefficient of determination up to 0.93 and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient up to 0.97). Epidemiological parameters, including initial disease severity or y0 and area under the disease progress curve, were modeled using data derived from multispectral imaging. In addition, results illustrated that digital phenotyping technologies could be used to monitor the onset of tar spot when disease severity is relatively low (&lt; 1%) and evaluate the efficacy of disease management tactics under micro-plot conditions. Further studies are required to apply and validate our methods to large corn fields.
The ethics of pet robots in dementia care settings: Care professionals’ and organisational leaders’ ethical intuitions
Authors: Koh Wei Qi , Vandemeulebroucke Tijs , Gastmans Chris , Miranda Rose , Van den Block Lieve 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPet robots are gaining momentum as a technology-based intervention to support the psychosocial wellbeing of people with dementia. Current research suggests that they can reduce agitation, improve mood and social engagement. The implementation of pet robots in care for persons with dementia raises several ethical debates. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence to uncover care providers’ ethical intuitions, defined as individuals’ fundamental moral knowledge that are not underpinned by any specific propositions.ObjectivesExplore care professionals’ and organisational leaders’ ethical intuitions before and when implementing pet robots in nursing homes for routine dementia care.Materials and methodsWe undertook a secondary qualitative analysis of data generated from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 22 care professionals and organisational leaders from eight nursing homes in Ireland. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Ethical constructs derived from a comprehensive review of argument-based ethics literature were used to guide the deductive coding of concepts. An inductive approach was used to generate open codes not falling within the pre-existing concepts.FindingsEthical intuitions for implementing pet robots manifested at three levels: an (1) individual-relational, (2) organisational and (3) societal level. At the individual-relational level, ethical intuitions involved supporting the autonomy of residents and care providers, using the robots to alleviate residents’ social isolation, and the physical and psychosocial impacts associated with their use. Some care providers had differing sentiments about anthropomorphizing pet robots. At the organisational level, intuitions related to the use of pet robots to relieve care provision, changes to the organisational workflow, and varying extents of openness amongst care providers to use technological innovations. At the societal level, intuitions pertained conceptions of dementia care in nursing homes, and social justice relating to the affordability and availability of pet robots. Discrepancies between participants’ ethical intuitions and existing philosophical arguments were uncovered.ConclusionCare professionals and organisational leaders had different opinions on how pet robots are or should be implemented for residents with dementia. Future research should consider involving care practitioners, people with dementia, and their family members in the ethics dialogue to support the sustainable, ethical use of pet robots in practice.
Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and body mass index of pre-adolescent children and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Raine Lauren B. , Erickson Kirk I. , Grove George , Watrous Jennifer N. H. , McDonald Katherine , Kang Chaeryon , Jakicic John M. , Forman Daniel E. , Kramer Arthur F. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Vidoni Eric D. , McAuley Edward , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe social and behavioral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the health and physiology of most people, including those never diagnosed with COVID-19. While the impact of the pandemic has been felt across the lifespan, its effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (commonly considered a reflection of total body health) of older adults and children may be particularly profound due to social distancing and stay-at-home advisories, as well as the closure of sport facilities and non-essential businesses. The objective of this investigation was to leverage baseline data from two ongoing clinical trials to determine if cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index were different during COVID-19 relative to before COVID-19 in older adults and children.MethodsHealthy older individuals (N = 593; 65–80 years) and 200 typically developing children (8–10 years) completed a graded maximal exercise test and had their height and weight measured.ResultsResults revealed that older adults and children tested during COVID-19 had significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels than those tested before COVID-19 shutdowns (older adults: 30% lower; children: 53% lower; p's ≤ 0.001). In addition, older adults and children tested during COVID-19 had significantly higher BMI (older adults: 31.34 ± 0.57 kg/m2, p = 0.004; children: 19.27 ± 0.44 kg/m2, p = 0.05) than those tested before COVID-19 shutdowns (older adults: 29.51 ± 0.26 kg/m2, children: 18.13 ± 0.35 kg/m2). However, these differences in BMI did not remain significant when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness.DiscussionResults from this investigation indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic, and behavior changes taken to reduce potential exposure, may have led to lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels in older adults and children, as well as higher body mass index. These findings provide relevant public health information as lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels and higher body mass indexes recorded during the pandemic could have far-reaching and protracted health consequences. Public health guidance is needed to encourage physical activity to maintain cardiorespiratory fitness and healthy body composition.Clinical trial registrationOlder adults: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02875301, identifier: NCT02875301; Children: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03592238, identifier: NCT03592238.
Gender perspectives on coastal and marine ecosystems services flow in Kwale County, Kenya
Authors: Nyangweso Ochieng Christine , Thenya Thuita , Mwaura Francis , Owuor Margaret Awuor 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe continuous flow of ecosystem services (ESs) within coastal and marine ecosystems supports communities' well-being and security by harnessing required resources such as seafood that address food security. The overexploitation of these coastal resources places communities at risk of losing ES. This study assesses how preference for the ES flow from these ecosystem types (i.e., mangrove forests, coastal lagoons, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and the deep sea) vary by gender in Diani Chale and Kisite-Mpunguti Marine Protected Areas in Kwale County, Kenya. Specifically, the objective of this article was to assess the pattern and variation in mean scores of ES flow across coastal and marine ecosystem types by gender.MethodsA total of 148 respondents (87 men and 61 women) aged 20-72 years participated in describing ES through focus group discussions and the Delphi technique. Respondents were engaged in a participatory activity that involved filling of perceived ES flow scores using a 6-point Likert-type scale in the lookup tables (also known as matrix). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for mean scores of ES flow across coastal and marine ecosystem types as perceived by men and women. One-way MANOVA was used to test for the significant differences between mean scores of men and women in ES flow across ecosystem types.ResultsThe aggregate scores for non-use values, regulating services, and cultural services, were scored higher than provisioning services by ecosystem service flow. The overall ES flow scores were higher in the mangrove forests 52/90 and least in the coastal lagoon 39/90. There was a significant variation (p &lt; 0.05) of ES flow by gender: the mean score of men was significantly higher than women for most ES flow in cultural, regulating, and provisioning services across some coastal and marine ecosystem types. However, there was no significant variation (p &gt; 0.05) in the flow of non-use values by gender across ET.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding gender views in ES access and use at local levels to support food security. Including gender perspectives in coastal and marine ecosystem governance is critical, especially toward achieving sustainable development goals.
Identification of resection plane for anatomical liver resection using ultrasonography-guided needle insertion
Authors: Zhang Xin , Huang Zhenhui , Lu Haiwu , Yang Xuewei , Cao Liangqi , Wen Zilong , Zheng Qiang , Peng Heping , Xue Ping , Jiang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2023

PurposesTo set up an easy-handled and precise delineation of resection plane for hepatic anatomical resection (AR).MethodsCases of AR using ultrasonography-guided needle insertion to trace the target hepatic vein for delineation of resection planes [new technique (NT) group, n = 22] were retrospectively compared with those without implementation of this surgical technique [traditional technique (TT) group, n = 29] in terms of perioperative courses and surgical outcomes.ResultsThe target hepatic vein was successfully exposed in all patients of the NT group, compared with a success rate of 79.3% in the TT group (P &lt; 0.05). The average operation time and intraoperative blood loss were 280 ± 32 min and 550 ± 65 ml, respectively, in the NT group. No blood transfusion was required in either group. The postoperative morbidities (bile leakage and peritoneal effusion) were similar between groups. No mortality within 90 days was observed.ConclusionsUltrasonography-guided needle insertion is a convenient, safe and efficient surgical approach to define a resection plane for conducting AR.
A New Tool to Aid the Differential Diagnosis of Physiological Remodelling from Cardiac Pathology When Assessing Left Ventricle, Left Atrial and Aortic Structure and Function in Male Arab and Black Paediatric Athletes
Authors: McClean Gavin , Wilson Mathew G. , Riding Nathan R. , Pieles Guido , Watt Victoria , Adamuz Carmen , Shaw Anthony , Harkness Allan , Johnson Amanda , George Keith P. , Oxborough David 
Published: January 2023

Aim: To determine if published Z-scores for left ventricular (LV), left atrial (LA) and aortic structure as well as indices of LV function (Doppler and TDI) in paediatric athletes and non-athletes are appropriate for application in male Arab and black paediatric athletes. If inappropriate, we aim to provide new nomograms and Z-scores for clinical application. Methods: 417 (297 Arab, 120 black) male paediatric (11–18 years) athletes, were evaluated by 2D echocardiography as per British Society of Echocardiography recommendations, and biological age (by radiological X-ray) assessment. Z-scores were tested by residual and correlation analysis together with visual inspection. New Z-scores involved allometric (a*BSA(b+c*chronological age)) and second-order polynomial (y=a*chronological age2+b*chronological age+c) equations for measures of cardiac size and indices of LV function, respectively. Results: Residual linear regression, correlation analysis and visual inspection revealed published z-scores in white peri-pubertal footballers and paediatric non-athletes to be inappropriate for application in male Arab and black paediatric athletes. Residual linear regression revealed new Z-scores for measures of LV, LA and aortic root size to be independent of BSA, ethnicity, chronological and biological age. Residual linear regression revealed new Z-scores for measures of function to be independent of chronological age. Conclusion: Our new z-scores may aid differential diagnosis of suspected pathology versus physiology remodelling, in cardiac screening of the Arab and black paediatric athlete. Nomograms are provided to assist the tracking of the paediatric athlete necessitating annual follow-up and Excel z-score calculation to facilitate use in day-to-day practice.
KEWENANGAN MENGGUGAT PEMERINTAH PUSAT UNTUK MENUNTUT GANTI KERUGIAN DAN TINDAKAN TERTENTU TERHADAP PT. WARINGIN AGRO JAYA YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN
Authors: M Josua Hari 
Published: January 2023

Kewenangan menggugat Pemerintah Pusat dalam menuntut ganti kerugian dan tindakan tertentu terhadap lingkungan hidup telah diamanatkan Pasal 90 UUPPLH tentang Hak Gugat Pemerintah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut Pemerintah Pusat menggugat ganti kerugian terhadap PT. Waringin Agro Jaya(PT. WAJ) karena membuka lahan dengan cara membakar yang menimbulkan ancaman serius terhadap lingkungan dengan menggunakan pertanggungjawaban mutlak (strict liability) dan tidak lagi didasarkan pada Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan asas strict liability dalam pengaturan kewenangan menggugat Pemerintah Pusat dalam menuntut ganti kerugian terhadap kebakaran hutan yang dilakukan PT. WAJ. Adapun spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-analitis, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan dokumen yang akan dianalisis secara deskriptif- analitis yaitu studi pustaka dan dokumen. Melalui penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pandangan kepada Pemerintah dalam menjalankan fungsi pengelolaan lingkungan perlu membentuk lembaga yang bersifat mandiri yang dilengkapi dengan tanggung jawab hukum yang jelas dan diberikan kewenangan melaksanakan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum administrasi. Hakim juga perlu memutuskan perkara harus menerapkan asas kehati-hatian yang dapat berakibat berubahnya pertanggungjawaban perdata dari PMH menjadi strict liability
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU KEJAHATAN BISNIS BERKEDOK SKEMA PIRAMIDA DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUMNYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Situmeang Sahat Maruli Tua , Amalina Ananda Putri Nur 
Published: January 2023

Kejahatan merupakan fenomena sosial yang tidak akan terlepas dari dinamika kehidupan bermasyarakat. Kejahatan akan selalu ada dimana dan kapan pun tergantung pada kesempatan atau celah yang ada. Kejahatan juga akan terus ikut berkembang seiring dengan berkembangnya arus globalisasi yang seringkali membuka peluang-peluang baru untuk berbagai pihak melakukan hal-hal yang merugikan. Kejahatan dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja yang berniat untuk melakukannya. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami bentuk dan sistem pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku praktik skema piramida dan penegakan hukumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang berfokus pada kajian penerapan kaidah-kaidah dalam hukum pidana indonesia mengenai praktik skema piramida. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan hukum pada umumnya dan hukum pidana pada khususnya yang berkaitan dengan kejahatan bisnis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu, skema piramida merupakan penipuan yang seringkali berkedok sebagai bisnis Multi Level Marketing (MLM) dimana sebenarnya skema piramida tidak memperjualbelikan barang atau jasa sebagai produk seperti MLM, namun lebih bergantung kepada komisi dari perekrutan anggota baru kedalam skema. Dalam hukum positif Indonesia telah diatur larangan mengenai praktik skema piramida dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perdagangan. Namun aturan lainnya

juga diperlukan untuk memperjelas unsur perbuatan dan kriteria skema. Maka, pemerintah seharusnya melakukan upaya legislasi untuk mengurai kejahatan bisnis ini.
الإطار التنظيمي للسلطة الوطنية المستقلة للإنتخابات في الجزائر بين التأصيل الدستوري وتجليات التأطير القانوني -
Authors: Hachi Mohamedelamine , Bensalem Ahmed abderhmane , Chelali Reda 
Published: January 2023

مسألة تأمين وضمان نزاهة وشفافية العملية الانتخابية من مختلف الشوائب التي تعكر صفوها وتزيف نتائجها، يتطلب بالدرجة الأولى تكريس وتأصيل لسلطة دستورية تتولى إدارة العملية الإنتخابية بداء من إعلان الهيئة الناخبة وإلى غاية إعلان النتائج النهائـية وكل هذا في إطار مبدأ الاستقلالية الذي يمثل العمود الفقري والدعامة الأساسية لإرساء دولة القانون.
وهو ما تبناه المؤسس الدستوري الجزائري من خلال استحداث السلطة الوطنية الستقلة للإنتخابات لأول مرة بموجب القانون العضوي 07-19 والتي أوكل إليها السهر على العملية الإنتخابية برمتها من إشراف وتحضير وتنظيم ورقابة إلى غاية إعلان النتائج الأولية كل هذه الصلاحيات جاءت كخطوة من المشرع لتكريس وضمان المزيد من الحياد والنزاهة والشفافية على العملية الإنتخابية، تم وبموجب التعديل الدستوري تم تكريسها ضمن مؤسسات الرقابة، وتم تنظيم مختلف أحكامها القانونية في الأمر رقم 21-01 المتضمن نظام الإنتخابات.
حِـكْمَـةُ الـنَّبِـيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَرَجَـاحَـةُ عَـقْلِـهِ (دراسةٌ مُستوحاةٌ من سُنَّته الشَّريفة وسيرته العَطِرَة)
Authors: Abdah Ibrahim Mohammed Mahmoud , Abou Awakl Abdullah Nafez, mdyrs 
Published: January 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز صفة من صفات النبي وشمائله الشريفة ألا وهي حكمته ورجاحة عقله، وتبصير أبناء الأمة وتوجيههم للاقتداء بحكمته ورجاحة عقله وحسن تصرفه في الأمور. كما يعتبر هذا البحث ردٌّ علمي على أعداء السنة النبوية المنتقصين من مكانتها بدعوى أنها لا تتفق مع روح العقلانية؛ وذلك بإظهار ضربٍ من رجاحة عقل صاحبها وحكمته في إدارة شؤون الحياة وحل المشاكل العويصة. وقد اتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي في اختيار وتحليل المواقف النبوية الدالة على حكمته ورجاحة عقله. واستدلا على ذلك بمواقف من السيرة النبوية المطهرة منها معالجته لمشكلة البطالة والفقر بشكل عملي، وضبط غريزة الشهوة وتهذيبها عند الشباب بطريقة نفسية، وحكمته في حلّ المشاكل الأسرية العويصة، وفي التربية والتعليم، وأخيرًا حكمته العسكرية ومعرفته بفنون الحرب والقتال.
المرأة بين مطرقة الإرهاب وسندان الفساد "نموذج لنساء دول شمال أفريقيا" (دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية)
Authors: Kazoos Hana Omar Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

يهدف هذا البحث الى توضيح دور المرأة في مكافحتها للإرهاب بمختلف أنواعه من الإرهاب الفكري والعقائدي والديني والسياسي الذي يدعو الى التطرف وانعدام الأمن والأمان، أيضا يدور البحث في عدة مسائل متعلقة بالفساد السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي داخل دول شمال إفريقيا متمثلةً في سوء استغلال الموارد والإدارات في مختلف مؤسسات الدولة و بسبب هذا الفساد برزت أدوار المرأة بدول شمال إفريقيا في الكفاح والنضال من أجل بناء قاعدة وركيزة صحيحة تبني بها أوطانها وتخلد تاريخها بشرف وعزة وكرامة لأسرتها وأبنائها وشعبها ليعيشوا في حياة ملأها الأمن والأمان والاستقرار في شتى المجالات . حيث تم الاعتماد على العينة العشوائية باستطلاع رأي من خلال الاستبانة الإلكترونية وزعت على شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي لمعرفة إجاباتهم عن الأسئلة التي تمحورت في موضوع البحث المعنون أعلاه.
The approach of the forerunners and the later of the Twelver Imams in correcting hadiths
Authors: Badrani Hamdi bin Habib 
Published: January 2023

This scientific paper presents an important issue within the framework of the research on the Twelver Imami school and its interest in the science of hadith. This issue is based mainly on the approach of the Imami sheikhs in correcting hadiths from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the imams who believe in their infallibility.
The study clarified the subtle differences between the approach of the early Imamis and their latecomers in looking at antiquities, by extrapolating the opinions and perceptions of the sheikhs of this school in this section. Through this scientific paper, the researcher not only extrapolated and analyzed the Imami texts, but tried to present an objective critical approach to the Imamiyyah approach (the Advanced and the later ones) in correcting hadiths.