bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Recent Update on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and its Variants: Transmission,
Pathogenic Mechanism, and Treatment
Authors: Singh Veer , Jain Shreyans K. , Mishra Vishal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was first reported in
China. As of April 17, 2022, over 500 million confirmed cases and over 6 million deaths have been reported
worldwide. COVID-19 is transmitted through respiratory droplets and other contact routes in the
human community. Fine respiratory droplets and aerosol particles enter into the respiratory tract and
come in the contact with mucous membranes. The SARS-CoV-2-containing droplets spread into the environment
by quiet breathing, speaking, exercise, coughing, and sneezing of COVID-19-infected individuals.
World Health Organization (WHO) have been released several guidelines for controlling COVID-19
which include maintaining personal hygiene, social distance, and COVID-19 vaccination. A higher
transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported and the transmission rate also depends on several
variants of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 genome is a single-stranded positive (+) sense RNA of about 26-
32 kb nucleotides and has 80% similarity to the bat SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell
through the interaction between spike proteins of the virus and the host cell surface receptor. Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome and lung injury lead to the death of SARS-CoV-2-infected people. Several
vaccines for COVID-19 have been developed, giving protection from COVID-19 and reducing the transmission
rate. Developed vaccines are not 100% effective against SARS-CoV-2 due to variations in the
genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2. Thereby, further research is the need of the hour. This review summarizes
SARS-CoV-2 and its several variants and their transmission, genomic characterization, pathogenhost
interaction mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and potential treatment approach for SARS-CoV-2.
KAJIAN EFISIENSI PANAS KOLEKTOR PEMANAS AIR SURYA PADA MOBILE MINI BIODIESEL PLANT
Authors: Rakasiwi Rinjani , Syaifurrahman Syaifurrahman , I Wivina Diah , Gani Usman A 
Published: January 2023

Integration of solar water heating system and biodiesel unit process has resulted a prototype called Mini Biodiesel Plant. The key of that unit is the effectiveness of heat transfer that occured in the solar collector. The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of the collector from the solar water heating system. The solar collector used is a flat plate type with a surface area of 0.7m2. It consists of a glass cover, alummunium absorber, styrofoam insulator and woof frame. Based on the research result for 5 times for 5 hours each day, the highest of intensity of solar radiation (I) was 859 W/m2 can produce maximum hot water (Ta) of 62oC. The average of real heat has been absorbes by teh collector (Qu) was 271 Watt while the maximum of heat loss (Qloss) was 144.6 Watt therefore the average of collector efficiency (ƞ) was 45.1%.
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN ALKALI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS SERAT LANTUNG (ARTOCARPUS ELASTICUS)
Authors: Hestiawan Hendri , Ariawan Dody , Amri Khairul , Nuramal Agus , Afrizal Aditya , Sudibyo Sudibyo 
Published: January 2023

Alkali treatment of natural fibers is one of the chemical treatments used to increase the exposed cellulose content through the removal of hemicellulose and lignin on the fiber surface. This study aims to investigate the effect of alkali treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of lantung fibers. The materials used in this research consist of: lantung fiber (Artocarpus elasticus) with an alkali treatment process using 4% and 6% natrium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions and immersion time of 1 and 2 hours, at room temperature. The fiber neutralization process includes washing the fibers using fresh water and drying them at room temperature for 48 hours. Tests carried out include XRD test, SEM photo observations conducted at Balai Penelitian Teknologi Mineral, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia and fiber tensile test based on ASTM D 3379 standard. The results of XRD and fiber tensile test showed that alkali treated lantung fibers were effective in increasing the crystallization index (CI) value and fiber tensile strength. The highest CI values and fiber tensile strength were obtained at alkali treatment of 4% NaOH for 2 hours, respectively 85.42% and 228.5 MPa. The results of SEM photo observations showed that alkali treatment on the fiber surface could remove impurities based on the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and soaking time. This shows that proper alkali treatment can increase the strength of lantung fibers.
The Evaluation of Web-Based Communication Interventions to Support Decisions About COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With Underlying Medical Conditions: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Minjung , Oh Bumjo , Yoon Nan-He , Kim Shinkyeong , Jung Young-Il 
Published: January 2023

Background
The timeliness of raising vaccine acceptance and uptake among the public is essential to overcoming COVID-19; however, the decision-making process among patients with underlying medical conditions is complex, leading individuals to vaccine hesitancy because of their health status. Although vaccine implementation is more effective when deployed as soon as possible, vaccine hesitancy is a significant threat to the success of vaccination programs.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a communication tool for patients with underlying medical conditions who should decide whether to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods
This 3-arm prospective randomized controlled trial will test the effect of the developed communication intervention, which is fully automated, patient decision aid (SMART-DA), and user-centered information (SMART-DA-α). The web-based intervention was developed to help decision-making regarding COVID-19 vaccination among patients with underlying medical conditions. Over 450 patients will be enrolled on the web from a closed panel access website and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 equal groups stratified by their underlying disease, sex, age, and willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. SMART-DA-α provides additional information targeted at helping patients’ decision-making regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Implementation outcomes are COVID-19 vaccination intention, vaccine knowledge, decisional conflict, stress related to decision-making, and attitudes toward vaccination, and was self-assessed through questionnaires.

Results
This study was funded in 2020 and approved by the Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2022. This paper was initially submitted before data analysis. The results are expected to be published in the winter of 2023.

Conclusions
We believe that the outcomes of this study will provide valuable new insights into the potential of decision aids for supporting informed decision-making regarding COVID-19 vaccination and discovering the barriers to making informed decisions regarding COVID-19 vaccination, especially among patients with underlying medical conditions. This study will provide knowledge about the common needs, fears, and perceptions concerning vaccines among patients, which can help tailor information for individuals and develop policies to support them.

Trial Registration
Korea Clinical Information Service KCT0006945; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/20965

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/42837
Analysis of Herbal Drugs by HPTLC: A REVIEW
Authors: B Gunjal Sanket , R Dighe P. 
Published: January 2023

Densitometric evaluation through HPTLC is very useful method for standardization of medicinal plants and other natural products, especially those used in different system of medicine. It has been approved as an authenticated method of analysis in several pharmacopeias, including the USP and the IP. Result from a number of medicinal plants studied in the laboratory have shown that, TLC- densitometry is more advantageous strategy than HPLC or GLC. Improvement in resolution, HPTLC is valuable tool for the investigation of herbal products with respect to different aspects of their quality. sensitivity and reproducibility are the fundamental attributes. HPTLC plays an important role in the characterization of marker compounds for the development and standardization of herbal medicines. The HPTLC approach is particularly well suited to the examination of herbs and herbal preparations because it allows for easy comparison of samples using fingerprints and quantitative determination using scanning densitometry. Herbs and herbal mixtures are particularly challenging to standardise. Many of the current medications we use today for various ailments are based on plants and plant-based products. This review focused on the various HPTLC methods used to analyse herbal drugs. For each drug, extraction processes as well as the HPTLC analytical method have been optimised.
Antagonistic Activity of Agaricuscampestris mushroom Extracts Against some Human Pathogenic Bacterial Species
Authors: Shafiq Shatha Ali , Sahib Rasha Salam 
Published: January 2023

The present study focused on the evaluation of Agaricuscampestris mushroom extracts activity against four clinical isolates Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aerginosa; Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. Agaricuscampestris mushroom extracts varied in their antimicrobial activity. The intensity of the antimicrobial effect is dependent upon the solvent , concentration of the mushroom extract and the organism being tested against .Therefore, The hot water and ethanolic extract 96%showed maximum inhibition at high concentrations specially at 500 mg/ml concentration( 17, 16, 19, 16 ) mm and ( 20,21,19,20) against E. coli , Pseudomonas aerginosa; Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus respectively compared with methanolic extract . The ethyl acetate extract of the powder mushroom of Agaricuscampestris was analyzed to 9 chemical compounds belonged to fatty acids and their derivatives and included :-Nonadecane, Pentacosane, Octadecane, Heptadecane, Heneicosane, Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl, Butanoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester, Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester ,, Octanoic acid, heptadecyl ester.
A Retrospective Assessment of The Safety Profile of Pioglitazone in T2dm Patients
Authors: Saini Aryendu Kumar , Verma Sunil , Bansode Himanshu , Yadav Vishal , Kumar Upendra , Chaubey Byomnath , Kushwaha Pratima 
Published: January 2023

Background: Pioglitazone is a drug that belongs to the category of thiazolidinedione (TZD) and is used for its hypoglycemic activity that is very-well associated with some serious adverse drug reactions (ADR). Previous studies have dealt with country-specific pharmacovigilance databases to assess the ADR profile of pioglitazone but none of them utilized a scholarly literature database.
Objective: This study was conducted to assess the safety profile of pioglitazone in terms of expectedness, causality, and the seriousness of ADR by using a literature database.
Methods: The published literature cases of pioglitazone-induced ADR from the PubMed database (between 1993 and 2020) were retrieved by using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms.Only the valid cases (as per the ICH validity criteria) were analyzed. Following this, valid cases were further assessed for the expectedness of ADR by using the "Summary of Product Characteristics" document of Takeda Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Seriousness criteria of WHO for ADR were used for assessing the seriousness of ADR while the Naranjo’s scale was used for causality assessment.
Results: A total of 871 results were found of which only 26 valid ICSRs cases were found. Of the total 168 ADRs, a total of 131 (77.97%) and 37 (22.02%) unexpected and expected ADRs were found. Only two of the events were found to be non-serious and they were Iatrogenic lipomatosis and Angioneurotic edema. 1 (32.5 %), 24 (77.4 %), 6 (19.35 %) reactions were serious due to death, important medical event, and hospitalization, respectively. There were, in total, 7 (27 %) and 19 (74 %) cases that belonged to a possible and probable category, respectively.
Conclusion: It is worth mentioning that pioglitazone is associated with the risk of heart failure and edema besides causing bladder cancer. The patient should be evaluated for the possible adverse effects of proper monitoring and follow-ups.
Preparation and Evaluation of Niosomes for the Delivery of Antioxidant to the Skin for Antiaging Purpose
Authors: Chaudhary Aditi , Gupta Meenakshi , Kumari Kiran , Sachan Anupam Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Niosomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles capable of entrapping hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes. Niosomes are promising drug carriers as they possess greater stability. Niosomes is currently reported to increase drug stability, and increase the penetration of the adsorbed compound across the skin. Thus noisome could be incorporated in semisolid formulation. Quercetin niosomes were prepared by using Cholesterol, Span 80/ Span 85 as surfactants, chloroform, and diethyl ether using ether injection method. Formulation was then evaluated for particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release studies. Niosomal Gel Prepared by Carbopol 934P and characterized as Drug Content, in-vitro Cumulative Drug Release and viscocity. Quercetin released from the Plain Gel to 68.64 in 8 hrs. The skin permeation increase of quercetin drug was recorded from vesicle Gel in comparison to plain gel and antioxidant activity performed by DPPH Method. The results showed that quercetin has considerable whitening and antioxidant capacities and Span80+85(1:2) Niosomes remarkably improved the solubility and photostability of quercetin. Furthermore, compared to quercetin solution, quercetin-niosomes had the advantages of sustained release and improved transdermal penetration. Niosomal Gel storage under refrigeration showed greater stability. The results suggested that Niosomes could better promote the transdermal delivery of quercetin, by their ability to control drug release.
Micropropagation of Pogostemon paniculatus
Authors: Godbole Manoj , K N Vanya , H D Lenifer , Y Amrutha , K Shruthi , S Sujay K 
Published: January 2023

Plant regeneration potential from node & leaf explants of Pogostemon paniculatus through direct shoot proliferation was studied on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins & auxins. As the seed germinability of the plant is low in vitro, we have tried these explants for micropropagation. Among different concentrations of individual hormones tested for nodal explants, benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 5µM & kinetin (Kn) at 0.5µM showed 4 & 2 mean number of shoots/explant respectively & combination of Kn (0.5 µM) + BAP (1.5 µM) showed 15 mean number of shoots/explant. For leaf explant combination of Kn (0.5 µM) + BAP (1.5 µM) showed 20 mean number of shoots/explant. Other hormones tested at all concentrations showed callus formation without the shoot development. Roots were established on the isolated shoots on naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.25µM. Rooted plants were acclimatized. This is the first report of Pogostemon paniculatus micropropagation.
¬Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr. Stems
Authors: Fauziah Fitra , Kardela Widya , Tinsia Dwi Julda 
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which had a high prevalence in Indonesia. Traditional medicinal plants have been developed to treat diabetes mellitus. One of them is Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr.This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethanol extract of T.scandens stems on blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in mice induced by alloxan. Animals were grouped into five groups: normal group, negative control, and extract doses of 175, 350, and 700 mg/kg BW. Animals were induced with an alloxandose of 175 mg/kg BW. The extract was given orally for 21 days.The results showed that the administration of ethanol extract ofT.scandens stemscould significantly reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin levels and reduce insulin resistance (p<0.05).It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of T.scandens potential to develop as herbal medicine in diabetes mellitus therapy. Further study is needed toconfirmthe antidiabetic activity of T.scandens.
Bioequivalence study of BETALOC-XR™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and METOPROLOL 100 STADA™ (STADA Pharm Gmbh, Germany) as open-label, two-way crossover and randomized fashion among healthy male volunteers
Authors: Kumar Sarker Uttam , Farhana Fatiha , Islam Atikul , Misbahuddin Mir , Mollah Md. Elias , Roy Balaram , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: January 2023

Bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of metoprolol 100 mg tablet was brought about in 16 healthy male Bangladeshi normal individuals as crossover-randomized fashion. The test and reference formulated products were BETALOC-XR™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and METOPROLOL 100 STADA™ (STADA Pharm Gmbh, Germany). Each tablet was delivered with 150 mL of water to every normal individual after whole night fasting on two treatment days separated by more than one week washout period. After administering drug, blood samples were collected serially for a period of 24 hours. A validated HPLC method was used to estimate the plasma concentrations of metoprolol. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0→24h, t1/2, and Kel were determined in this study. The mean (± SD) AUC0→24h for test drug BETALOC-XRTM was 490.3 ± 187.5 ng/hr/mL whereas for reference drug METOPROLOL 100 STADATM it was 559.9 ± 267.2 ng/hr/mL. The relative bioavailability (BETALOC-XRTM/METOPROLOL 100 STADATM ratio) was 87.5%. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) for test drug was 170.9 ± 78.3 ng/mL, 2.3 ± 0.8 hours, 1.2 ± 2.0 hour and 0.4362 whereas for reference drug was 209.1 ± 91.3 ng/mL, 1.7 ± 0.7 hours, 1.3 ± 2.2 hour and 0.5875 respectively. Based on these statistical hypothesis it was conjecture that a BETALOC-XRTM tablet is bioequivalent to a METOPROLOL 100 STADATM tablet.
A Comprehensive Study on Counterfeit Medicine and its prevention in India through its Regulatory Approach
Authors: Singh Suryaprakash , Gupta Priyanka 
Published: January 2023

A counterfeit medication is one which is intentionally and false mislabeled with relevance identity or source. Counterfeiting applies to both brand and generic products which incorporate items with wrongs ingredients, without active ingredients, with inadequate active ingredients. Worldwide, each nation is that the survivor of substandard or spurious drugs, which end in life threatening issues, loss of consumer and manufacturer and loss in trust on health system. Internationally, the trade in counterfeit drug is of the quickest developing grey economies – after narcotics, terrorism, and arm trade.
In term of revenues, India Is world’s leading in generic companies. India has the notoriety of being a significant producer of the world's counterfeit drugs. Counterfeit drugs structure 10% of the counterfeit drugs in line with the world Health Organization (WHO). As Per BASCAP-"Drug industry is that the premier falsified industry in India".
The point of this enumerative review was to clarify the effect of poor-quality drugs with their outcomes on public health and also the preventive measures taken by the Indian drug administrative framework by CDSCO. India should adopt the technologies present in other countries to combat counterfeit medicine.
Registration of health products for human use: Niger Republic case (from January 2018 to December 2020)
Authors: MAMANE IBRAHIM Mahaman Rabiou , ABDOULAYE Ousmane , ABDOU BAGOUGOU Rakia , GUIET MATI Fatima , OUDOU MOSSI MAIGA Mahamadou , HAROUNA Hamidou , HAROUNA AMADOU Mahaman Laouali , JATAOU BAHARI Kassoum , HAMA AGHALI Nouhou , MINDAOUDOU Habsatou , ILLO Bachir , DAN NOUHOU Barira 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Our study aims to make a nomenclature of the pharmaceutical products having received an authorization of sale on the market (MA) in Niger Republic and to describe the profiles of the various applicant laboratories and or manufacturers. We had conducted a retrospective and descriptive study on new applications for registration of health products for human use examined in first intention only by the National Commission for Health Products Approval (NCHPA) from January 2018 to December 2020.
Material and methods: Over this period, 7 sessions of the NCHPA were held, including 3 in 2018, 2 in 2019, and 2 in 2020. In total, 951 dossiers for registration were reviewed in first intention.
Results: It was found that the majority of applicant laboratories (37.22%) as well as manufacturer laboratories (40.38%) were from India. The most represented therapeutic class was antibiotics (21.35%) followed by antimalarial (9.67%). However, the main route of administration was oral (79.28%) with a predominance of tablets (52.47%). Our study had also noted that only 10.10% of the dossiers have been accepted against 86.75% postponed due to lack of required information.
Summary ad conclusion: The national drug nomenclature remains the main document guiding the prescription and dispensing of products with a valid market authorization in the country. This is why all the actors in pharmaceutical logistics must have at hand all the information on the products approved in Niger.
Research on Quality Control Strategy of CAR-T Cell Therapy Products based on QbD
Authors: Chen Wei , Tian Wenmiao , Liang Yi 
Published: January 2023

Objective: This paper aims to provide reference for how to use the concept and method of QbD to control the quality of CAR-T cell therapy products in the commercial production of CAR-T cell therapy products in China, and how to formulate reasonable and effective quality control strategies.
Methods: This paper systematically analyzes the industrial development of CAR-T cell therapy products and the concept, application methods and implementation process of QbD in China through literature research and case analysis theory
Results: Cell therapy products are a hot area in the research and development of new drugs, but at present, there are no specific regulatory rules in the commercial production of CAR-T cell therapy products in China, the awareness of risk control is weak, and the quality control is unstable, making patients face many risks.
Conclusion: Based on the concept of QbD, the quality control strategy of CAR-T cell therapy products was proposed from three dimensions.