bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Screening Awareness among Women of Reproductive Age in Ghana
Authors: Shirazu I. , Mumuni A. N. , Mensah Y. B. , Sackey T. A. , Hasford F. , Awua A. K. , Manson Eric Naab 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the commonest cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. However, information about breast cancer is still limited in most parts of the developing world among reproductive-aged women. This has consequences for timely diagnosis and intervention, resulting in high mortalities in most cases. Effective breast screening practices play a vital role in early detection and treatment of breast cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and practice of breast cancer screening examination among reproductive-aged women in Ghana.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive survey of 1672 reproductive-aged women was conducted in the northern and southern sectors of the country. All consented participants were aged 18–60 years, sampled randomly from communities in Tamale and Accra, and never reported to any health facility for any breast-related complications. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather responses about awareness about screening programmes, knowledge about breast screening methods, knowledge about self-breast examination, willingness to undergo clinical-breast examination, and practice of breast examination. Responses were presented as frequency tabulations, while associations between the responses and age, education, marital status, employment status and religion were assessed by Chi-squared analysis, significant at p < 0.05.
Results
The results showed that awareness and practice of breast cancer screening methods were higher among the younger women (aged 18–30 years), who were educated up to tertiary level, married, employed and were predominantly Christians. Significant associations were found between knowledge, practice and all the factors except religion.
Conclusion
Even though most women were aware about breast cancer and mammography as the commonest examination method, practice of breast cancer screening examination was rather low. Efforts should therefore be made by government and other stakeholders in healthcare to focus on education and health policies that will impact on acceptance of women to undergo screening, particularly those in the lower socioeconomic and educational brackets
ECDBMFA: Design of an Ensemble engine for Crop Disease detection via Bioinspired Multidomain Feature Analysis
Authors: Malathi Chilakalapudi , Sheela J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Crop disease detection models require integration of multimodal tasks including contextual segmentation, feature representation & selection, classification & post-processing operations. A wide variety of machine learning & deep learning techniques are proposed by researchers to design such models, but most of them are either highly complex, or have limited efficiency when applied to real-time farm fields. To overcome these issues, this text proposes design of an efficient & novel ensemble engine for crop disease detection via bioinspired multidomain feature analysis. The proposed model uses Fuzzy Saliency Maps for identification of contextual disease regions, which are represented into multidomain feature sets. These sets use Fourier, Gabor, Convolutional, Wavelet and Cosine operations, which assist in extraction of multiple high-density features. The extracted features are reduced via a Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) Model, which retains only higher variance feature sets. The retained features are classified by an ensemble model, that combines Naïve Bayes (NB), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Logistic Regression (LR), k Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. These classifiers are combined using a boosting model, that assists in retaining unique-correct class training information sets. Due to which the proposed model is able to improve the classification accuracy for Wheat, Tomato, Rice & Corn diseases by 9.4%, while improving precision by 3.5%, recall by 5.9% and reducing delay by 4.3% when compared with existing classification models under similar disease types.
Development of a clinically useful multi-segment kinetic foot model
Authors: Zhu Songlin , Jenkyn Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Most gait analysis studies treat the foot as a single, rigid segment, leaving movements and loadings within the foot undetected. In addition, very few data of multi-segment foot kinetics were presented due to measurement and equipment limitations. As a result, this study aims to develop a novel multi-segment kinetic foot model that is clinically feasible and enables both kinematic and kinetic analysis of large patient groups.
Results
Outcome measurements include rotation angles of intersegmental dorsi/plantar flexion, inversion/eversion, and internal/external rotation, joint moments, joint powers and the medio-longitudinal arch (MLA) height/length ratio. Repeatability of joint motions was calculated using coefficients of multiple correlation. Most joint motions (24/27) measured by this foot model showed strong test-retest and within-subject reliability (R > 0.7) in healthy adults. Outcome measures were in agreement with other multi-segment foot models found in the biomechanics literature.
Conclusions
This novel multi-segment foot model is able to quantify intra-segment foot kinetics and can be a clinically useful tool for research and assessments on clinical populations.
System Interventions to Support Rural Access to Maternity Care: An Analysis of the Rural Surgical Obstetrical Networks program
Authors: Kornelsen Jude , Lin Stephanie , Williams Kim , Skinner Tom , Ebert Sean 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The Rural Surgical Obstetrical Networks (RSON) project was developed in response to the persistent attrition of rural maternity services across Canada over the past two decades. While other research has demonstrated the adverse health and psychosocial consequences of losing local maternity services, this paper explores the impact of a program designed to increase the sustainability of rural services themselves, through the funding of four “pillars”: increased scope and volume, clinical coaching, continuous quality improvement (CQI) and remote presence technology.
Methods: We conducted in-depth, qualitative research interviews with rural health care providers and administrators in eight rural communities across British Columbia to understand the impact of the RSON program on maternity services. Researchers used thematic analysis to generate common themes across the dataset and interpret findings.
Findings: Participants articulated six themes regarding the sustainability of maternity care as actualized through the RSON project: safety and quality through quality improvement opportunities, improved access to care through increased surgical volume and OR backup, optimized team function through innovative models of care, improved infrastructure, local innovation surrounding workforce shortages, and locally tailored funding models.
Conclusion: Rural maternity sites benefited from the funding offered through the RSON pillars, as demonstrated by larger volumes of local deliveries, nearly unanimous positive accounts of the interventions by health care providers, and evidence of staffing stability during the study time frame. As such, the interventions provided through the Rural Surgical Obstetrical Networks project as well as study findings on the common themes of sustainable maternity care should be considered when planning core rural health services funding schemes.
A Psychosocial Empowerment Program to Reduce High-Risk Behaviors in Adolescent Girls with Substance Use Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Protocol Study
Authors: Ghelbash Zakiye , Alavi Mousa , noroozi Mahnaz , far Masuood Mahdavian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and objective: adolescent girls with substance use disorders are at risk of numerous psychosocial risks; tendency to high-risk behaviors, such as suicide, high-risk sexual behavior, and violence are among important consequences of substance use. Today, programs are designed with an empowerment approach, as important practical strategies for management of issues associated with health and social welfare. Thus, in this study, we intend to design a comprehensive psychosocial empowerment program with an approach of reducing high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls with substance use disorder.
Methods: Using the Talbot and Verrinder model, this study will be designed in three steps. In the first step, the researcher will identify the experiences of adolescent girls with substance use disorder, as well as their psychosocial needs using a qualitative approach. Then, through a review of literature, the needs and strategies will be completed and enriched. Thereafter, using a Delphi technique, the relevant needs and strategies identified in previous stages will be prioritized. In the second step, the program's draft will be designed based on the results obtained from the previous step. The developed program includes introduction, goals, specific objectives, strategies associated with specific objectives separately. During the third phase, the content of the program will be evaluated by a panel of experts. The fourth, fifth and sixth steps of the model, which are dedicated to the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the program, can be implemented in the future as an interdisciplinary program with the participation of health and social welfare experts and related organizations.
Conclusion: It is expected that, in the case of its effective implementation by social welfare and health organizations, the empowerment program would have the potential to have a considerable effect on reducing or controlling high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls with substance use disorder.
Methods for Numerical Simulation of Soft Actively Contractile Materials
Authors: Li Yali , Goulbourne Nakhiah C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Soft materials that can demonstrate on demand reconfigurability and changing compliance are highly sought after as actuator materials in many fields such as soft robotics and biotechnology. Whilst there are numerous proof of concept materials and devices, rigorous predictive models of deformation have not been well-established or widely adopted. In this paper, we discuss programming complex three-dimensional deformations of a soft intrinsically anisotropic material by controlling the orientation of the contractile units and or direction of the applied electric field. Programming is achieved by patterning contractile units and or selectively activating spatial regions. A new constitutive model is derived to describe the soft intrinsic anisotropy of soft materials. The model is developed within a continuum mechanics framework using an invariant-based formulation. Computational implementation allows us to simulate the complex three-dimensional shape response when activated by electric field. Several examples of the achievable Gauss-curved surfaces are demonstrated. Our computational analysis introduces a mechanics-based framework for design when considering soft morphing materials with intrinsic anisotropy, and is meant to inspire the development of new soft active materials.
Long-term outcomes of surgical repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta in different age groups
Authors: Al-Dairy Alwaleed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is one of the most common congenital heart defects (5-8% of all CHD). Treatment of native CoA may be accomplished surgically, or through an interventional approach. Surgical repair of CoA remains an important option for treatment of aortic coarctation during childhood, although it is mostly performed in neonates and young infants.
Objectives: In this retrospective study, we sought to share the long-term outcomes of different surgical techniques for repair of coarctation of the aorta in different age groups.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective single-center clinical study that included 228 consecutive patients (age: 1 day- 41years) in whom surgical repair of isolated native coarctation of the aorta was performed with different surgical techniques.
Results: Immediate results were excellent; however, the mortality rate were higher in the infants. Complications rate and incidence of recoarctation, both were comparable between different age groups and different surgical techniques.
Conclusions:
Surgical repair of CoA remains an important option for treatment of aortic coarctation in different age groups with low morbidity and mortality. We did not find any significant difference between different surgical techniques regarding the development of recoarctation.
Leveraging Bulk Transcriptome and Single-Cell Sequencing reveals the Potential Mechanism of Curcumin in the Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Huang Xufeng , Wang Qi , Zhou Shujing , Rehman Hafiz Muzzammel , Li Zhengrui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Periodontitis is the most common long-term oral disease worldwide. Compared with non-surgical therapy and antibiotics application, natural products are recommended as a treatment for their minor side effects. For example, Curcumin has been used since ancient times, while its underlying mechanism remains controversial. Therefore, we performed computational simulations to unravel its secret.
Methods
Single-cell analysis was conducted using the GSE164241 dataset through R "Seurat package." Bulk RNA sequencing data were curated from GSE10334 and GSE16134, and processed by R package "Limma." The marked genes of distinct cell type populations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the bulk transcriptome were combined. The KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were carried out to enhance the understanding of their functionalities. Key targets were mined from the topological pattern of their protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. performed molecular docking for them. Then, the top-ranked pose obtained was subjected to Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations to investigate the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The RMSD pattern revealed the stability of the protein-ligand complex throughout the simulated trajectory.
Results
FOS, CXCL1, CXCL8, and IL1B, were filtered after selected processes. The molecular modeling results suggested that except for IL1B, the Vena Scores of the rest exceeded − 5 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the molecular dynamic simulation indicated that the binding mode of the CXCL8-Curcumin complex was stable over the entire 100ns simulation.
Conclusion
The complex target screening and molecular modeling revealed that the binding modes of CXCL1, FOS, and CXCL8 with the Curcumin molecule were relatively stable, especially for CXCL8.
Evaluation of microplastic contamination by metals in a controlled environment: A risk to be considered
Authors: Bernardino Cassiano Augusto Rolim , Mahler Claudio Fernando , Fernandes Julia Oliveira , Lopes Claudio Sabbatini Capella , Braz Bernardo Ferreira , Archanjo Braulio Soares , Santelli Ricardo Erthal , Cincotto Fernando Henrique 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The metal contamination and the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to human activities have contributed to the worsening of environmental problems in aquatic systems. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate PET microplastic adsorption levels when exposed to high amounts of Ni, Cu and Co. The PET microplastic was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface area, porosity, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance. The results showed that the surface area, the presence of macro and mesopores, and the functional groups influence the adsorption of metals on the surface of PET microplastic. The construction and shape of the adsorption isotherms confirmed the presence of mesoporosity and macroporosity on the PET microplastic surface. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to study the adsorption capacity. The kinetics of adsorptions were interpreted using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order adequately described the adsorption of metals by the PET microplastic. The removal rates by the PET microplastic varied from 8 to 34 % for Ni, 5 to 40 % for Cu and 7 to 27 % for Co after a period of 5 days. Furthermore, the adsorption was predominantly chemical and extremely fast, indicating that the presence of microplastics in the environment can lead to a rapid metal accumulation which elevates the hazards potential of microplastic in living beings.
Improving CNNs classification with pathologist-based expertise: the Renal Cell Carcinoma case study
Authors: Ponzio Francesco , Descombes Xavier , Ambrosetti Damien 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) malignant neoplasms deeply relies on an accurate determination of the histological subtype, which currently involves the light microscopy analysis of histological slides, considering notably tumor architecture and cytology. RCC subtyping is therefore a time-consuming and tedious process, sometimes requiring expert review, with great impact on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of RCC neoplasms. In this study, we investigate the automatic RCC subtyping classification of 91 patients, diagnosed with clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, or renal oncocytoma, through deep learning based methodologies. We show how the classification performance of several state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are perfectible among the different RCC subtypes. Thus, we introduce a new classification model leveraging a combination of supervised deep learning models (specifically CNNs) and pathologist’s expertise, giving birth to a hybrid approach that we termed ExpertDeepTree (ExpertDT). Our findings prove ExpertDT’s superior capability in theRCC subtyping task, with respect to traditional CNNs, and suggest that introducing some expert-based knowledge into deep learning models may be a valuable solution for complex classification cases.
The HUSH-SETDB1-MORC2 epigenetic repressor complex restricts herpesvirus infection in association with PML nuclear bodies
Authors: Roubille Simon , Juillard Franceline , Escure Tristan , Binda Olivier , Corpet Armelle , Bloor Stuart , Cohen Camille , Texier Pascale , Oziol Noémie , Haigh Oscar , Pascual Olivier , Ganor Yonatan , Magdinier Frédérique , Labetoulle Marc , Lehner Paul , Lomonte Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The establishment of latent herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection is controlled by promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs). Viral genomes are recruited to PML NBs structures and chromatinized by repressive H3.3K9me3 modified H3.3 histone variant to form viral DNA-containing PML-NBs (vDCP NBs). Exactly how this occurs is unclear. Here we identify an essential role for the HUSH complex and its SETDB1 and MORC2 effectors in the establishment and maintenance of latent herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. We show that the formation of repressive heterochromatin is dependent on HUSH, SETDB1 and MORC2 in vDCP NBs, and depletion of any of these components prior to viral infection decreases H3K9me3 levels over latent/quiescent HSV-1 genomes. Once latency is established, depletion of HUSH, SETDB1, or MORC2 by shRNAs or the HIV-2 Vpx protein, induces the reactivation of HSV-1 in infected primary human fibroblasts as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons (hiPSDN). Our data demonstrate the potent antiviral restriction activity of the HUSH/SETDB1/ MORC2 complex to a non-integrated human herpesvirus, its close association with PML NBs, and introduces a new target for anti-herpesvirus therapy.
Effect of Heat Treatment Atmospheres on Microstructure Evolution and corrosion resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel weldments
Authors: Mohamed Abdelkarim Yousif Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed Hussein Abdelraheem , Hamid Zainab Abdel , Farahat Ahmed Ismail Zaky , El-Nikhaily Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effects of post heat treatment atmosphere on microstructure and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel welded joints were investigated. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was carried out with and without protective different atmospheres. Nitrogen and argon are used as protective gases individually. Detailed microstructure examination (optical and SEM) demonstrates that nitrides precipitates are highly observed in the welded zones for nitrogen protected samples. An observed drop of ferrite volume fraction in post weld heat treated samples compared with welded samples without heat treatment leading to corrosion resistance enhancement of heat treated welded joints. An exception for using nitrogen as heat treatment atmosphere a decreased corrosion resistance of weldments is investigated due to nitride precipitates.
Simulating a Complex Giant System: A Case Study on Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Yuansheng , Zhang Jinliang , Cao Zhiwei , Luo Qiushi , Wang Dongfan , Lu Jun , Liu Jixiang , Jin Xin , Luo Yuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and the longest turbid river in the world. The Yellow River basin forms a giant, complex system that is one of the cradles of human civilization; it is also a region where rapid economic and social development is taking place. However, the excessive exploitation of resources in the basin has caused instability in the basin system, which is now restricting sustainable social and economic development in the region. This poses a considerable challenge to a deep understanding of its dynamics, and an effective approach to systematically examining the development status and evolution of river system is urgently required. This system is based on information entropy theory and dissipative structure theory and determines the basin status by quantifying the amount of indicator information and the degree of order in the system by considering related trends. As a result, this evaluation system provides not only a basis for characterizing the status of the Yellow River basin and associated trends, but also the evidence to support the planning of strategic development, particularly the early stages of major projects.
Perfusion Deficits in Different Mechanisms of Two Subtypes of Acute Stroke with Diffusion MRI confirmation
Authors: Zhu Cuiting , Qin Wei , Hu Wenli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Branch atheromatous disease (BAD) and lacunar infracts (LI) are the different mechanisms of subtypes of acute stroke. We aimed to investigate perfusion deficits and clinical characteristics of the different mechanisms of two subtypes of acute stroke.
Methods: Five-hundred and ninety-nine CTP examinations were retrospectively reviewed between January and December 2021 in patients with acute stroke symptoms with CTP within 12 hours and MRI within 7 days of symptom onset. The subtype of ischemic stroke was diagnosed according to DWI imaging. Baseline characteristics between normal and abnormal CTP results in BAD and LI were compared with chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical. The t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was performed for continuous variables.
Results: One hundred thirty-three patients met the inclusion criteria (26.3% female). The BAD group was present in 104 of 133 (78.2%), and the LI group 29 of 133 (21.8%). Based on CT perfusion, 42 of 78 (53.8%) the BAD group and 5 of 18 (27.8%) the LI group had perfusion deficits in the supratentorial region. The BAD group had a higher proportion of abnormal perfusion than the LI group, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of CTP ranged from 21.4% (CBV) to 90.5% (TTP); specificity ranged from 97.2% (TTP) to 100% (CBV, CBF, and MTT) in the BAD patients.
Conclusions: Compromised perfusion deficits are more presented in BAD patients compared with LI. CT perfusion imaging may be useful for determining the clinical significance of perfusion abnormalities in BAD occurrence.