bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Tornado Warning Performance during Individual Storm Life Cycles
Authors: Chamberlain Josué U. , Flournoy Matthew D. , Krocak Makenzie J. , Brooks Harold E. , Anderson-Frey Alexandra K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The National Weather Service plays a critical role in alerting the public when dangerous weather occurs. Tornado warnings are one of the most publicly visible products the NWS issues given the large societal impacts tornadoes can have. Understanding the performance of these warnings is crucial for providing adequate warning during tornadic events and improving overall warning performance. This study aims to understand warning performance during the lifetimes of individual storms (specifically in terms of probability of detection and lead time). For example, does probability of detection vary based on if the tornado was the first produced by the storm, or the last? We use tornado outbreak data from 2008 to 2014, archived NEXRAD radar data, and the NWS verification database to associate each tornado report with a storm object. This approach allows for an analysis of warning performance based on the chronological order of tornado occurrence within each storm. Results show that the probability of detection and lead time increase with later tornadoes in the storm; the first tornadoes of each storm are less likely to be warned and on average have less lead time. Probability of detection also decreases overnight, especially for first tornadoes and storms that only produce one tornado. These results are important for understanding how tornado warning performance varies during individual storm life cycles and how upstream forecast products (e.g., Storm Prediction Center tornado watches, mesoscale discussions, etc.) may increase warning confidence for the first tornado produced by each storm.

Significance Statement
In this study, we focus on better understanding real-time tornado warning performance on a storm-by-storm basis. This approach allows us to examine how warning performance can change based on the order of each tornado within its parent storm. Using tornado reports, warning products, and radar data during tornado outbreaks from 2008 to 2014, we find that probability of detection and lead time increase with later tornadoes produced by the same storm. In other words, for storms that produce multiple tornadoes, the first tornado is generally the least likely to be warned in advance; when it is warned in advance, it generally contains less lead time than subsequent tornadoes. These findings provide important new analyses of tornado warning performance, particularly for the first tornado of each storm, and will help inform strategies for improving warning performance.
Assimilation of Coyote Small Uncrewed Aircraft System Observations in Hurricane Maria (2017) Using Operational HWRF
Authors: Sellwood Kathryn J. , Sippel Jason A. , Aksoy Altŭg 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study presents an initial demonstration of assimilating small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS) data into an operational model with a goal to ultimately improve tropical cyclone (TC) analyses and forecasts. The observations, obtained using the Coyote sUAS in Hurricane Maria (2017), were assimilated into the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) system as they could be in operations. Results suggest that the Coyote data can benefit HWRF forecasts. A single-cycle case study produced the best results when the Coyote observations were assimilated at greater horizontal resolution with more relaxed quality control (QC) than comparable flight-level high-density observations currently used in operations. The case study results guided experiments that cycled HWRF for a roughly 4-day period that covered all Coyote flights into Maria. The cycled experiment that assimilated the most data improved initial inner-core structure in the analyses and better agreed with other aircraft observations. The average errors in track and intensity decreased in the subsequent forecasts. Intensity forecasts were too weak when no Coyote data were assimilated, and assimilating the Coyote data made the forecasts stronger. Results also suggest that a symmetric distribution of Coyote data around the TC center is necessary to maximize its benefits in the current configuration of operational HWRF. Although the sample size was limited, these experiments provide insight for potential operational use of data from newer sUAS platforms in future TC applications.

Significance Statement
This study represents the first time that observations from a small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS) have been assimilated into an operational numerical model. Including these data was shown to have potential for improving forecasts of tropical cyclone track and intensity. The data were obtained using the Coyote sUAS, but these results are expected to be applicable to newer platforms that will be operational soon.
Communicating about Extreme Heat: Results from Card Sorting and Think-Aloud Interviews with Experts from Differing Domains
Authors: Sutton Jeannette , Waugh Nicholas , Olivas Savannah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Climate trends indicate that extreme heat events are becoming more common and more severe over time, requiring improved strategies to communicate heat risk and protective actions. However, there exists a disconnect in heat-related communication from experts, who commonly include heat-related jargon (i.e., technical language), to decision-makers and the general public. The use of jargon has been shown to reduce meaningful engagement with and understanding of messages written by experts. Translating technical language into comprehensible messages that encourage decision-makers to take action has been identified as a priority to enable impact-based decision support. Knowing what concepts and terms are perceived as jargon, and why, is a first step to increasing communication effectiveness. With this in mind, we focus on the mental models about extreme heat among two groups of domain experts—those trained in atmospheric science and those trained in emergency management—to identify how each group understands terms and concepts about extreme heat. We use a hybrid data collection method of open card sorting and think-aloud interviews to identify how participants conceptualize and categorize terms and concepts related to extreme heat. While we find few differences within the sorted categories, we learn that the processes leading to decisions about the importance of including, or not including, technical information differ by group. The results lead to recommendations and priorities for communicating about extreme heat.

Significance Statement
Effective communication between domain experts is a priority for informed decision-making under extreme weather conditions. As severe heat events increase in frequency and severity, the ability to communicate about heat and its impacts in a clear manner will become vital to life safety. The use of jargon-filled technical, scientific language can serve as a barrier to understanding and engagement, delaying decision-making and action. By identifying how extreme heat terms and concepts are understood among domain experts, risk communicators can determine where to focus on the development of plain language messaging, which improves decision support and decision-making.
Purchasing Under the Influence of Alcohol: The Impact of Hazardous and Harmful Patterns of Alcohol Consumption, Impulsivity, and Compulsive Buying
Authors: Harnish Richard J. , Ryerson Nicole C. , Tarka Piotr 
Published: March 2023

The current research examined how hazardous and harmful patterns of alcohol consumption, problematic online shopping when drinking alcohol, impulsivity, and compulsive buying were associated with and predicted the frequency of making purchases while under the influence of alcohol. A sample of American adults between the ages of 25 and 64 who reported having at least one drink per week over the past 6 months were surveyed. Regression-based path modeling revealed for those who made online purchases while moderately intoxicated, hazardous and harmful patterns of drinking alcohol and, problematic online shopping when drinking alcohol, predicted the frequency of making purchases while intoxicated. For those who made online purchases while heavily intoxicated, hazardous and harmful patterns of drinking alcohol, impulsivity, problematic online shopping when drinking alcohol, and compulsive buying predicted the frequency of making purchases while intoxicated. We explain our findings by suggesting individuals engage in frequent drunk purchases because they are motivated to alleviate their negative mood states.
Football Fitness as a meaningful driver of occupational identity in female breast cancer survivors
Authors: Thomsen Sidsel Damsgaard , Garboe Freja Alexandra Schjødt , Enemark Larsen Anette , Uth Jacob , Krustrup Peter , Madsen Esben Elholm 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: While exercise after breast cancer treatment is important, some breast cancer survivors (BCS) find it difficult to maintain motivation for physical activity (PA). Objectives: To investigate Danish female BCS’ motivation to play Football Fitness (FF) after the termination of a research project (Football Fitness After Breast Cancer), and whether the participation influenced occupational identity and adaptation. Methods: Two qualitative focus group interviews with seven female BCS (53 ± 5 years; Mage ± SD) were performed. The interviews were analyzed to identify the forms of motivation experienced according to Self-Determination Theory using thematic analysis. Results: Due to increasing connections and recognition of one another, FF gradually became meaningful and a part of the women’s occupational identity. They experienced increasing cohesion and competence through common experiences, thus increasingly identifying as a unit. The women reported that they gradually adopted healthier lifestyles by participating in FF, which positively impacted other diagnoses for some. Conclusion: Recognition of one another impacted intrinsic motivation. Similarly, as the women felt more competent playing FF, it became a part of their occupational identity leading to an effective adaptation. Access to FF as an integral part of rehabilitation for female BCS may be a way to support long-term PA and to adapt a new occupational identity.
Seasonal, Geographic, and Ethnic Influence on the Prevalence of Orofacial Clefts in Kuwait: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Alkharafi Lateefa , Mokhtar Ashraf , Burezq Hisham , Almerjan Deemah , Dashti Ghaidaa , Almutalaqem Reem , Alshammari Aminah , Alhasawi Saud , Alqatami Fawzi , Geevarghese Amrita 
Published: March 2023

Objective Accurate nationwide epidemiological evidence is vital to study the seasonal, geographic, and ethnic influence on the trends of orofacial cleft prevalence in Kuwait. Design Data obtained from the National Center for Health Information and Ministry of Health Hospital digital records were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with orofacial clefts (OFC) using the ICD-10 diagnostic codes. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to assess the trend of birth prevalence across the different years. The associations of types of OFC with ethnic and geographic influences were tested with chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, while the strength of that association was tested with multi-nominal logistic regression. Results Birth prevalence in Kuwait ranged from 0.75–2.55 per 1000 live births (0.73- 2.73 among Kuwaitis, 0.60–3.27 among non-Kuwaitis), with no statistically significant change observed during the past 28 years. The risk of unilateral cleft lip and palate was eight times higher during summer compared to Autumn, while the risk of cleft lip and palate remained lower during winter. Jahra (OR-7.76, CI- 1.51–39.80), Farwaneya (OR-6.65, CI- 1.34–33.06), and Hawalli (OR-6.72, CI- 1.26–35.98) governorates had higher odds of bilateral cleft lip when compared to Mubarak Alkabeer. Conclusions The study outcome is an indicator to improve patient care and customize healthcare infrastructure in the Ministry of Health. It also provides insight to develop projections of future needs. Future studies should focus on understanding the factors that might be a potential contributor to the seasonal change observed in the prevalence of OFC.
The Medication Possession Ratio as a Predictor of Longitudinal HIV-1 Viral Suppression
Authors: Rathbun R. Chris , Lewis Michelle M. , Yuet Wei Cheng , Woo Sukyung , Miller Jamie L. , Skrepnek Grant H. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Antiretroviral adherence is essential to achieve viral suppression and limit HIV-related morbidity and mortality; however, antiretroviral adherence thresholds to achieve viral suppression in clinical practice have not been fully characterized using administrative claims data. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between medication adherence and viral suppression among adult persons with HIV/AIDS (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥6 months. Methods: This historical cohort, real-world investigation assessed maintenance of viral load suppression and viral load area-under-the-curve (vAUC) in PWH ≥18 years of age based on ART adherence. A marginal effects model was used to determine the predicted probabilities of final plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL or vAUC <1,000 copy-days/mL according to the medication possession ratio (MPR), estimated using a Jackknife model variance estimator and a delta-method for marginal effects standard error. Tests for statistical significance used a Šidák method to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: The mean MPR for ART was 86.7% (95% CI: 85.0%–88.4%) for the 372 PWH included in the study. The marginal effects analysis indicated that an MPR ≥82% was associated with a predicted probability of viral suppression <50 copies/mL ( P < 0.05). Significant predicted probabilities for vAUC <1,000 copy-days/mL were observed with an MPR ≥90% ( P < 0.05). Conclusion and Relevance: Medication possession ratio as a proxy for drug exposure was significantly and consistently associated with viral suppression using a longitudinal measure of HIV viremia. These findings can aid clinicians in the clinical management of PWH and inform future studies of adherence-viral suppression relationships with contemporary antiretroviral regimens.
Therapeutic Options for Adult Patients With Persistent Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chastain Daniel B. , Covert Kelly L. , Tu Patrick J. , McDougal Steven , White Bryan P. , Cluck David 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies used in the management of persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. Data Sources: A literature search using the PubMed database (inception to December 2022) was conducted using the search terms “ Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia,” “methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia,” “persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia,” and “refractory methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia .” In addition, therapeutic agents which could be used as treatment for MSSA including “nafcillin,” “oxacillin,” “cefazolin,” “ceftaroline,” “gentamicin,” “rifampin,” and “daptomycin” were also combined with the aforementioned search terms to capture data using these agents. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Clinical data were limited to those published in the English language. Articles and abstracts were considered for inclusion in addition to ongoing trials identified through ClinicalTrials.gov. Data Synthesis: A total of 78 articles were reviewed including 17 in vitro or animal model studies and 39 studies including patient data. The remaining 22 articles included guidelines, review articles, and editorials. Recent data evaluating use of dual β-lactam regimens for persistent MSSA bacteremia were limited to 8 case reports or case series. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: At present, there is little guidance on how to best manage patients with persistent MSSA bacteremia. This narrative review collates the available data to assist clinicians in selecting the best possible antimicrobial regimen when facing this clinical conundrum. Conclusions: Modification of antimicrobial therapy, in conjunction with source control and infectious diseases consultation, may all be necessary to sterilize blood cultures in patients with persistent MSSA bacteremia.
Adult ADHD Diagnosis, Symptoms of Impulsivity, and Emotional Dysregulation in a Clinical Sample of Outpatients Consulting for a Behavioral Addiction
Authors: El Archi Sarah , Barrault Servane , Garcia Manuel , Branger Stéphanie , Maugé Damien , Ballon Nicolas , Brunault Paul 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate ADHD in adult outpatients seeking treatment for a behavioral addiction and to identify the specificity of psychopathological features if the behavioral addiction cooccurs with adult ADHD. Method: Sixty-five outpatients consulting for a behavioral addiction were assessed for ADHD (DIVA-5), addictive disorder (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, gambling, gaming, food, and sex), impulsivity (UPPS-P), and emotion dysregulation (DERS-36). Results: In our sample of outpatients seeking treatment for a behavioral addiction, adult ADHD was independently associated with higher compulsive sexual behavior disorder severity, “sensation seeking,” “positive urgency,” difficulties in “goal-directed behavior,” “impulse control,” and use of “emotion regulation strategies” in the context of intense emotions. A 29% of the sample was diagnosed for adult ADHD. Conclusion: The association of adult ADHD with specific dimensions of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation, pave the way for future clinical and research perspectives.
Risks of Chronic Preoperative Opioid Use on Distal Radius Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Newton William N. , Sossamon Jake A. , Pire Jonathan R. , Daley Dane N. 
Published: March 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of chronic preoperative opioid use on complications, reoperation rates, and postoperative opioid use among patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of distal radius fractures. Methods: A retrospective review of 111 patients who underwent ORIF of a distal radius fracture from 2019 to 2021 at an academic medical center by the same fellowship-trained orthopedic hand surgeon was conducted. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, perioperative details, surgical complications, and patient-reported outcome measures were analyzed. The SCRIPTS database was used to obtain opioid prescription data. Results: A total of 10 patients (9.01%) were identified as preoperative chronic opioid users. This group was not associated with risk of increased complication. However, they were more likely to continue using narcotics at 90 and 180 days postoperatively. Patients with a history of substance use were at an increased risk of hardware complications and prolonged postoperative pain. In addition, these patients were more likely to receive narcotics at 90 and 180 days, and to have more refills postoperatively. Conclusion: Patients with preoperative opioid use are not at an increased risk of surgical complication following ORIF of distal radius fractures. However, they are at an increased risk of prolonged postoperative opioid use. Patients with a known history of substance use were at an increased risk of hardware complications, prolonged pain, and increased postoperative opioid use. Surgeons should consider these associations to better manage individual patients in the postoperative period.
Heart rate and heart rate variability during diagnostic and interventional neuroendovascular procedures
Authors: Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Toma Aureliana , Mowrey Wenzhu , Qin Jiyue , Hamad Mousa , Ryvlin Jessica , Holland Ryan , Fluss Rose , Altschul Dorothea , Lin Li-Mei , Altschul David J 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and can be used as a potential predictor of stress-related cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess whether physical and mental strain during the performance of cerebral endovascular procedure influence time-domain HRV parameters in operating surgeon. Materials and Methods Heart rate (HR) and HRV metrics were measured using a HR sensor chest strap before, during, and after neuroendovascular interventions performed by a single neurosurgeon. Three consecutive data series were reported by recording time domain: before procedure, during and after performing endovascular procedures. HR and HRV parameters were recorded during diagnostic and interventional neuroendovascular procedures. HR and HRV measures were analyzed by procedure type and recording time domain. Results HRV measures of a single endovascular neurosurgeon were recorded during 50 procedures. The median intraprocedural HRV score was the lowest and the median HR was the highest (HRV: 52, HR: 89 bpm) compared to preprocedural (HRV: 59, HR: 70 bpm) and postprocedural cardiovascular measures (HRV: 53, HR: 79, bpm, p < 0.001). On univariate linear regression, a negative association of interventional procedures with lower intraprocedural (β = −0.905, p = 0.001) and postprocedural (β = −1.12, p < 0.001) HRV scores compared to the diagnostic procedures was noted. Conclusions HRV is a reliable tool to measure cardiovascular and mental stress. Interventional neuro-endovascular procedures seem to negatively impact the cardiovascular measures of neurointerventionalists. Further longitudinal studies utilizing HRV are warranted to address their long-term effects on the mental health of physicians.
Role of spleen density in predicting postoperative complications in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: He Qi-Na , Chen Lang , Hu Han-Yu , Yang Zhe , Huang Jing-Yong , Miao Shou-Liang , Chen Fan-Feng 
Published: March 2023

Background Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening surgical emergency with a poor prognosis. This study assessed the association of diffuse reduction of spleen density (DROSD) with postoperative complications and identified risk factors for adverse outcomes in AMI patients after surgery. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with AMI and underwent surgical operations between April 2006 and July 2021 were enrolled. Spleen density was assessed using preoperative non-enhanced computed tomography. The lowest quartile of spleen density in all patients was regarded as the cutoff value for DROSD. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors related to postoperative outcomes after surgery. Results According to the diagnostic cutoff, patients with a spleen density ≤49.07 HU were defined as DROSD. In a cohort of 97 patients, 34.0% developed complications within 30 days of surgery. The multivariate analysis illustrated that DROSD was an independent risk factor for prognostic outcomes in AMI patients after surgery. Conclusion Patients with low spleen density were prone to postoperative complications. As an imaging method, preoperative assessment of spleen density is a novel predictor that can be used clinically to identify high-risk AMI patients with poor prognosis.