bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Loving Nonliving Stuff
Authors: Capper Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“On Loving Nonliving Stuff” argues that one of the more important things that we can learn from space exploration is how to love lifeless stuff. We generally are taught by our cultures to love life but to not be too concerned with nonlife. However, in our present understanding, within the solar system only Earth has life. If we are to care for places like our amazing Moon and be responsible citizens, we must learn to value the Moon’s abiotic places for what they are in themselves. In our space adventures we similarly must care for other lifeless places like the spectacular rings of Saturn. Tibetans exemplify how we better can adore such things that are not alive through their reciprocal community relationships with the mountains among them. This Himalayan respect for peaks can teach us how to love nonliving stuff and thereby properly cherish wonderful locations within our solar system.
Contact Zones and Outer Space Environments
Authors: Gorman Alice 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Contact Zones and Outer Space Environments: A Feminist Archaeological Analysis of Space Habitats” draws on acculturation theories from historical archaeology to reconceptualize the space habitat as a “contact zone” between masculine and feminine cultures. The chapter first considers how space habitats changed from family dwellings in early imaginings to a reality of male-only spaces in which women had to battle for a place. An analysis of commentaries about women in spacecraft reveals that physical distance between male and female bodies has been seen as the key to regulating sexuality and social relations in outer space.
Creating a Culture of Extraterrestrial Environmental Concern
Authors: Kramer William R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Creating a Culture of Extraterrestrial Environmental Concern” argues that we will regret our actions on the Moon and Mars if we do not assess their environmental impacts and institute measures to avoid them. Such assessments are routine on Earth, and when made part of planning they are effective in reducing adverse impacts, cutting costs, and supporting resource sustainability. Absent a similar culture of environmental concern in space, we should expect environmental damage and its associated costs. This chapter cites examples of adverse environmental impacts on Earth, describes how our relationships with space are dominated by Western landscape domination, provides suggestions on avoiding repeating past mistakes, and calls for including non-Western perspectives in the discussion. If a culture of environmental awareness is nurtured among space actors, a habit of practices of concern will create options for more enlightened, commercially sustainable, and socially productive futures as we venture into this new commons.
Desire, Duty, and Discrimination
Authors: Kendal Evie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Desire, Duty, and Discrimination: Is There an Ethical Way to Select Humans for Noah’s Ark?” discusses ethical issues related to reproduction in space. Confined on Earth, humanity is vulnerable to extinction-level disasters such as catastrophic climate change or asteroid impact hazards. One method of preserving the species from these threats is to establish off-world settlements on other planets. This project will inevitably entail selecting members of the species (and potentially human embryos) from a broad range of candidates, necessitating the development of appropriate selection criteria. This chapter considers relevant ethical issues as they apply to this extreme “Noah’s Ark” example, considering the benefits of preserving diversity in the human population, including for different abilities, sexual orientations, and concepts of family, before interrogating whether there is a coherent method of imposing a duty to procreate in the face of species extinction and if so, how far this duty extends.
Astrobioethics Considerations Regarding Space Exploration
Authors: Chon-Torres Octavio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Astrobioethics Considerations Regarding Space Exploration” discusses a number of questions about space exploration that begin to emerge in the context of astrobioethics, the area of study that examines the moral implications of astrobiological research. Thus, this chapter will address the following questions: (1) Are we the guardians of life in the universe? (2) Can we be morally empathetic to possible extraterrestrial life forms? (3) Is the discovery of life elsewhere in the universe a key factor in the improvement of the human condition? (4) Can becoming multi- or interplanetary beings mean that we finally unite as humanity? (5) Should we avoid at all costs any possible attempt to communicate with other possible civilizations in the universe?
Will Posthumans Dream of Humans?
Authors: Ferrando Francesca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Will Posthumans Dream of Humans? A Message To Our Dear Postplanetary Descendants” asks: what would happen if a message from the past was found by posthuman beings living in outer space? Written in the creative form of a letter and a poem, this chapter makes clear points: space is not the “next frontier”; humans have always been in space. Species are constantly changing and adapting; in the future, posthumanities (descendants of humans who may eventually migrate out of Earth) could evolve on other celestial bodies. Yet, at the existential level, they won’t be so radically different from us, humans of the twenty-first century, as to be an absolute enigma: the awareness of self-realization exceeds any individual, species, and spatiotemporal limitations. Ultimately, space exploration cannot be reduced to an economic endeavor and simplified as a search for new resources, ignited by the ongoing depletion of planet Earth in the era of the Anthropocene. Journeying in space is based on an existential stance: it’s a search for meaning.
Worthy of His Hire
Authors: Peterson Joseph W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter Six returns to Algerian missions, focusing on Charles Lavigerie and his newly-founded “White Fathers” (Pères Blancs) missionary congregation. The White Fathers represented a new, more modern phase in French Catholic thinking about Algerian Islam. Their bulletins and fundraising materials employed sophisticated tactics of humanitarian publicity, such as distributing photographs of starving children and offering the chance for Catholics to financially “adopt” an Algerian orphan. The White Fathers were also more “liberal” than the Jesuits had been. They believed that using charity exclusively, without proselytization, would prove their goodness and would wear down the resistance of the Muslim tribes. Only after the Muslims had been civilized, torn away from allegiance to their local marabouts, and seduced by the “disinterested” charity of France, could the missionaries begin to think of broaching the topic of religion. But the White Fathers’ rhetoric about Islam was harsher and more racialized than that of previous missionaries.
Memory is not one thing
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
You can use the different memory systems in your brain together when learning and retrieving information. Using multiple memory systems will create strong and long-lasting memories. When you want to use episodic memory to remember the details of an event you are experiencing, pay attention to information coming through your senses into sensory memory. When you want to learn new semantic memory information, try manipulating the information in working memory. This manipulation will help to form a strong episodic memory that will, in turn, help you to form a long-lasting semantic memory. To acquire a new skill, use your episodic memory to learn the instructions that will eventually be internalized in your procedural memory.
Episodic memory
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pay attention to your sensations, thoughts, and emotions. Focusing on the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, thoughts, and feelings while you are experiencing them will help you form long-lasting memories. Focus on the differences between two similar events if you wish to remember each of them distinctly. To recall each distinctly, concentrate on the distinguishing features of different people, puppies, or parking spots. To enhance your retention, review an event after it has concluded. To remember your evening out, think about each aspect of the night as you are traveling home: how you looked in the mirror before you left, the sounds you heard when you opened the door, how others were dressed, the tastes of the food, the faces of the people you met, and the topics you discussed.
Do you need to try to remember?
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how to usher the content you want into memory. Avoid distraction—don’t multitask! You want your brain’s resources focused on what you hope to remember. Memory suffers when attention is divided. Align your in-the-moment goals with your memory goals. What you remember from an event is going to be tied to how you processed the event as it unfolded. If your goal of remembering is creating anxiety, reframe your goal. Anxiety can be a source of distraction; it can cause you to ruminate on past memory failures and other unpleasant thoughts rather than being attuned to the information present right now. If you realize that your anxiety about learning information is getting in your way, a good strategy can be to think of an alternate goal that still facilitates paying close attention.
Just normal aging—or is it Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the difference between normal aging and more serious problems. In normal aging, more effort is needed to get information into memory, more time and effort are needed to retrieve memories, and trouble retrieving names of people, places, books, and movies is common. Remembering just the essential elements may lead to wisdom. Dementia means there is cognitive impairment severe enough to interfere with day-to-day function. Mild cognitive impairment is when cognitive problems are noticeable, present on tests, but mild enough so that day-to-day function is preserved. Subjective cognitive decline is the term used when individuals are concerned about their cognition but they score normally on tests of thinking and memory and function normally as well. In Alzheimer’s disease rapid forgetting of information is common, false memories are common, and word-finding difficulties are present for ordinary nouns. In vascular dementia, thinking and memory processes are slowed, more effort is needed to get information into memory, and more effort is needed to retrieve memories.
Exercise
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Keep your mind strong by keeping your body fit. Check in with your doctor prior to starting a brand-new exercise program, if you’re not sure what the best exercise is for you, or if you’re experiencing any discomfort while exercising. Perform aerobic exercise 5 to 7 days each week for 30 to 60 minutes each day. Exercise for strength, balance, and flexibility at least 2 hours each week. Begin with small, specific goals that you can accomplish and build up from there. Build in contingency plans for bad weather. For example, “I’m going to walk briskly 5 days this week for 30 minutes each day either outside enjoying the scenery or inside listening to music.” Make your commitment to exercise lifelong. Climb up that hill and start drinking the elixir of life: exercise.
This is your brain on alcohol, cannabis, and drugs
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Know the effects of substances on your memory. Even a single alcoholic beverage will interfere with procedural memory (for example, driving) and episodic memory (for example, remembering new facts and events of your life). Drinking alcohol will interfere with your retention of information you learned earlier in the day—and earlier in the week. As an adult, consuming one alcoholic beverage each day should not permanently damage your brain, but there also is no reason to drink in an effort to improve your brain health. Using cannabis will impair your procedural and episodic memory. CBD alone does not impair memory—and may even help it. Cannabis has not been shown to permanently damage memory. Cocaine, Ecstasy, methamphetamine, opioids, and psychedelics will all impair your memory. Cocaine can cause strokes—even in young people—and may lead to vascular dementia and life-long consequences for memory.
Sleep well
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Review material you wish to remember shortly before bed. This reduces interference from other information and will increase the likelihood the information is strengthened in memory overnight. If you listen to calm, relaxing music while you are studying, try listening to the same music while you are getting ready for sleep. This may increase the likelihood that the information you studied is reactivated overnight. Don’t cram. Space out your learning. Remember: Study, sleep, repeat. Don’t pull an all-nighter; you’ll remember more information if you give yourself time to sleep. Make sure you get enough sleep each night. Remember that you likely need between 7 and 9 hours in bed trying to sleep each night to get your required amount of sleep.
MRT in the United States
Authors: Glenn Cohen I. , Menon Priyanka , Adashi Eli Y. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Regulation of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) in the United States must be understood against the backdrop of the regulation—and, in some cases, lack thereof—of other reproductive technologies. Moreover, given the proximity between MRT and sensitive ethical concerns, political debates over the right to procreate, access to abortion, and concern for fetal personhood provide crucial context. This chapter situates MRT in these larger contexts and juxtaposes the National Academies of Medicine’s proposal for MRT regulation in the United States with the way Congress has thus far regulated the technology by essentially enacting a prohibition via an appropriations rider. The authors also discuss the regulatory scheme surrounding funding for MRT research as the United States lags behind other jurisdictions in nationally available funding. A final part of this chapter considers additional legal and ethical issues raised by the prospect of MRT, including the threat of medical tourism to circumvent US prohibitions.
Medical Tourism and Multilevel Regulation for MRT in the European Union
Authors: Johnson Walter G. , Bowman Diana M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The European Union has been a significant jurisdiction for research in and legal authorisation of mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT). While still an EU member state, the United Kingdom became the first national government to authorise and regulate MRT. A human clinical trial of maternal spindle transfer techniques to treat infertility was approved by Greek regulators in 2016. However, little supranational regulation of MRT has occurred in Europe, with EU decision-makers appearing to leave discretion to national governments despite the potential for patients to readily cross borders to receive reproductive care. This chapter reviews the current state of reproductive healthcare policy and medical tourism in Europe before exploring international and supranational legal norms potentially relevant to MRT and examining the cases of the United Kingdom and Greece in this context. The chapter concludes that reproductive tourism for MRT in the EU appears likely to continue absent supranational or transnational interventions.
Two Souls That Are Knit Together (1 Samuel 18:1–4)
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the portrayal of Jonathan in 1 Samuel 18:1–4 and in the selected modern fictional retellings. It poses four questions: whence does Jonathan appear, when does Jonathan begin to love David, why does Jonathan love David, and what is the nature of Jonathan’s love for David? Although the biblical text is multivalent and can support a wide range of meanings, the interaction with fiction suggests that Jonathan, at least from a modern Western perspective, cannot be understood as a cohesive character unless he is in love with David. Further, the chapter ponders Jonathan’s possible reaction to David’s anointing in 1 Samuel 16 and notes that most retellings are either incoherent, implausible, or unsatisfactory, with the exception of those who either downplay it or see 1 Samuel 16 as a later fabrication by David’s scribes.
A Heart That Is Split Asunder (1 Samuel 20)
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the portrayal of Jonathan in 1 Samuel 20 and in the selected modern fictional retellings, with a focus on Jonathan’s volatile and rapidly deteriorating relationship with his father. It further discusses Jonathan’s relationships with David and asks whether this is a friendship characterised by political loyalty and mutual piety, or an unequal involvement with Jonathan as the giver and David as the taker, or an ardent and mutual love affair. The chapter also probes Jonathan’s role in the political games between Saul and David. Is Jonathan the intelligent and insightful man who knows fully well what is at stake, yet sides with David against his father nonetheless, or is he overly naïve and lacking the capacity to keep up with David and Saul in their increasingly complex and dangerous fight for power?
“Politeness Has a Heart”
Authors: Morgenstern Aliyah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Drawing on a longitudinal videoethnography of French parent-child interactions in family life over a period of six years, children are shown to develop what Bergson called politeness of manner, mind, and heart through interactive sequences permeated with affect and stance. Children’s first “polite” acts are permeated with echoes of the adults’ constructions, which they repeat and manipulate to test sounds, prosodic patterns, gestural configurations, and movements within relevant actions. Children progressively appropriate the linguistic tools, social codes, and behaviors used in their community and find their own voice. The extracts exemplify how the others’ voices shape children’s unique identity as “polite” speaker and co-speaker grounded in the richness of their daily life. Children seem to reverse roles as they perform the other’s actions or voice the other’s cue in the scripts of politeness they recycle during recurrent mundane activities. In our detailed analyses of a selection of examples, we will demonstrate how what could be taken as an effort to socialize children to the habitus of “good behavior” and convention (politeness of manner) through authoritative adult speech, is a form of scaffolding to perspective taking (politeness of the mind) permeated with affect (politeness of the heart). The children progressively learn to fully appropriate politeness and its pragmatic force in its temporal unfolding. They can then deploy re-accentuations which allows them to construct their own identity through embodied and “languaged” identification with others, their needs and their feelings.
Giving Up on Politeness
Authors: Edwards Terra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Protactile DeafBlind communities in the United States gave up on politeness about a decade ago. The author of this chapter was there when it happened, and the transformation took over her relationships. One key example: She had developed a habit of jumping up and intervening any time a DeafBlind person was “groping around”—touching things, bumping into walls, reaching their hands out into empty space. Groping, to her, meant that the person was lost and needed a guide. To total outsiders, groping seemed improper and in public spaces, the author felt their judgements in evaluative gaze or explicit reprimand. However, her protactile friends stopped caring about those judgements and they instructed her not to act. She experienced not-acting as a state of jumpiness or nervousness-like a tick that is difficult to manage. It was years before that response was replaced by a calm curiosity about the knowledge that is acquired when one touches, rather than sees, their environment. She started watching her friends grope and imaged what they were learning. At that point, she became polite in a new way. Not the kind of polite that is grounded in mutual face-vulnerability and strategic manipulation, but rather in what Bergson calls “the art of finding life lovable,” wherein one is attentive to an other. One then notices how the other moves and thinks. As in a dream, one can discover in oneself a “light and mobile sympathy” that allows a person to experience some of what an other experience, but weightlessly and without effort.
Current Knowledge
Authors: Lincoln Don 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Over the centuries, scientists have devised several ideas to explain the origins of the laws of nature. As we better understood the individual theories, researchers realized that a lot of phenomena can be explained as arising from a deeper cause, like how electricity, magnetism, chemistry, and light all can arise from electromagnetism. In the modern day, we know of two theories that describe nearly all experiments. The theory that describes the subatomic world is called the standard model of particle physics, while the theory that describes the cosmos is called general relativity. This chapter describes how these theories came to be devised and the range of phenomena they successfully describe.
Missing Antimatter
Authors: Lincoln Don 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Einstein’s equation E = mc2 says that energy can convert to matter and vice versa; however, that’s not the full story. When energy makes matter, it makes antimatter in equal quantities. When one combines this fact with the idea of the Big Bang, which says that the early universe was full of energy, this suggests that the current universe should consist equally of matter and antimatter; yet it isn’t. We see only matter. While we don’t understand why this is true, Andrei Sakharov worked out the minimum conditions for there to be an imbalance in the amount of matter and antimatter. This chapter explores those conditions and tells us how much imbalance had to exist between matter and antimatter to evolve into the universe we see today. It turns out for every 2,000,000,000 antimatter particles that once existed, 2,000,000,001 matter particles had to exist. The 2,000,000,000s cancelled each other out, leaving the trace amount of matter to make up the cosmos.
The Future
Authors: Lincoln Don 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Creating a theory of everything is an ambitious goal and one that is unlikely to proceed without data and experiment to guide thinkers. The energy scale at which a theory of everything is thought to be possible is a quadrillion times higher than the highest energies achievable today, and it will be centuries before we could conceivably build equipment to test a theory of everything. This points out the need for researchers to develop new technology. When one considers the theoretical effort that is needed to develop a theory of everything, it is important to remember that even the science heroes of the past didn’t work alone. They benefited from working with others, thinking through good ideas and killing bad ones. We must remember the final goal, which is a theory of everything, and be satisfied that we continue to progress toward it.