bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gut-Training and Feeding-Challenge on Markers of Gastrointestinal Status in Response to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Martinez Isabel G. , Mika Alice S. , Biesiekierski Jessica R. , Costa Ricardo J. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Nutrition during exercise is vital in sustaining prolonged activity and enhancing athletic performance; however, exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) and exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms (Ex-GIS) are common issues among endurance athletes. Despite this, there has been no systematic assessment of existing trials that examine the impact of repetitive exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to nutrients before and/or during exercise on gastrointestinal integrity, function, and/or symptoms.

Objective
This systematic literature review aimed to identify and synthesize research that has investigated the impact of ‘gut-training’ or ‘feeding-challenge’ before and/or during exercise on markers of gastrointestinal integrity, function, and symptoms.

Methods
Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science Core Collection, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for literature that focused on gut-training or feeding-challenge before and/or during exercise that included EIGS and Ex-GIS variables. Quality assessment was conducted in duplicate and independently using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk-of-bias (RoB 2) tool.

Results
Overall, 304 studies were identified, and eight studies were included after screening. Gut-training or feeding-challenge interventions included provision of carbohydrates only (n = 7) in various forms (e.g., gels or liquid solutions) during cycling or running, or carbohydrate with protein (n = 1) during intermittent exercise, over a varied duration (4–28 days). Gut discomfort decreased by an average of 47% and 26% with a 2-week repetitive carbohydrate feeding protocol (n = 2) and through repeated fluid ingestion over five trials (n = 1), respectively. Repetitive carbohydrate feeding during exercise for 2 weeks resulted in the reduction of carbohydrate malabsorption by 45–54% (n = 2), but also led to no significant change (n = 1). The effect of gut-training and feeding-challenges on the incidence and severity of Ex-GIS were assessed using different tools (n = 6). Significant improvements in total, upper, and lower gastrointestinal symptoms were observed (n = 2), as well as unclear results (n = 4). No significant changes in gastric emptying rate (n = 2), or markers of intestinal injury and permeability were found (n = 3). Inconclusive results were found in studies that investigated plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration in response to exercise with increased carbohydrate feeding (n = 2).

Conclusions
Overall, gut-training or feeding-challenge around exercise may provide advantages in reducing gut discomfort, and potentially improve carbohydrate malabsorption and Ex-GIS, which may have exercise performance implications.
Inconsistent effect of dynamic load waveform on macro- and micro-scale responses of ballast bed characterized in individual cycle: a numerical study
Authors: Fu Longlong , Zheng Yuexiao , Qiu Yongjia , Zhou Shunhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCyclic load is widely adopted in laboratory to simulate the effect of train load on ballast bed. The effectiveness of such load equivalence is usually testified by having similar results of key concerns of ballast bed, such as deformation or stiffness, while the consistency of particle scale characteristics under two loading patterns is rarely examined, which is insufficient to well-understand and use the load simplification. In this study, a previous laboratory model test of ballast bed under cyclic load is rebuilt using 3D discrete element method (DEM), which is validated by dynamic responses monitored by high-resolution sensors. Then, train load having the same magnitude and amplitude as the cyclic load is applied in the numerical model to obtain the statistical characteristics of inter-particle contact force and particle movements in ballast bed. The results show that particle scale responses under two loading patterns could have quite deviation, even when macro-scale responses of ballast bed under two loading patterns are very close. This inconsistency indicates that the application scale of the DEM model should not exceed the validation scale. Moreover, it is important to examine multiscale responses to validate the effectiveness of load simplification.
Study of the link between hemotopoietic and skeletal systems in patients attending a referral center for osteoporosis
Authors: Pepe J. , Colangelo L. , De Martino V. , Occhiuto M. , Iervolino D. , Pasqualetti P. , Minisola S. , Cipriani C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the link between hematopoietic and skeletal tissues in patients with fragility fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of women older than 40 years who attended the Bone Disease Unit of “Sapienza” University of Rome for their first visit for osteoporosis from January 2020 to June 2022.

Results
Fragility fractures were found in 61.8% of the sample. In particular, vertebral fractures in 35.5%, femoral fractures in 6.3%, Colles fractures in 16.5% and non-vertebral non-hip in 42.5%. Fractured patients were significantly older compared to non-fractured, had lower mean values of lumbar spine (p = 0.01), and femoral neck BMD (p = 0.007). A red blood cell distribution width (RDW) value higher than 15% was observed four times more in those with fractures compared to non-fractured patients (8.9% vs 2%, p = 0.01) and was associated with vertebral fracture after adjusting for age, BMI, menopause, nutritional status, smoking, osteoporosis and anemia (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–11.4, p = 0.003). Hematocrit was negatively associated with hip fracture also adjusting for age, BMI, menopause, nutritional status, smoking, osteoporosis (p = 0.025).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that RDW values were significantly associated with vertebral fracture and hematocrit with hip fracture. Since both parameters are included in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected bone fragility, our results should push doctors to look at these values with no incremental cost for national health services.
Engineering Smart Composite Hydrogels for Wearable Disease Monitoring
Authors: Li Jianye , Ding Qiongling , Wang Hao , Wu Zixuan , Gui Xuchun , Li Chunwei , Hu Ning , Tao Kai , Wu Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowing health awareness triggers the public’s concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person’s physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely. During the health monitoring process, different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.
Tiritiria: Understanding Māori children as inherently and inherited-ly literate—Towards a conceptual position
Authors: Hetaraka Maia , Meiklejohn-Whiu Selena , Webber Melinda , Jesson Rebecca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany theories support the idea that children’s literacy learning develops as they learn to make meaning through interactions with others. These assertions are premised on the understanding that childhood literacy serves various social purposes and that these literacies are learned through participating in social contexts. In this position paper, we seek to reframe current, widely accepted understandings and definitions of literacy. We draw upon mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge/wisdom) concepts to illustrate Māori philosophical views about the nature of knowledge production. These concepts clearly delineate the link between knowledge, literacies, and power, a link often actively overlooked by western framing of literacy. We use a Māori whakataukī (proverbial saying) to re-conceptualise current understandings of literacy, positing varied literacies and literacy practices. Within this conceptual framework Māori children are re-positioned as maurea – treasures of the highest order, born of and with mana, an integral part of generations of whakapapa (genealogy), and an essential element in an intricate web linking all things (human and non-human). This paper proposes that children are inherently and inherited-ly literate; they are born literate—inheritors of multiple and cumulative genealogies of multimodal communication and knowledge sharing.
Historical institutionalism and policy coordination: origins of the European semester
Authors: Pan Wen , Hosli Madeleine O. , Lantmeeters Michaël 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing historical institutionalism as a theoretical foundation, this paper explores whether multilateral surveillance and policy coordination under the European Semester (ES), introduced in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008, was based on a path-changing or a path-dependent mechanism. Following a legal-historical analysis going back to the Maastricht Treaty, we demonstrate that the ES in its institutional form was not the result of a crisis-induced critical juncture, but rather of a gradual, path-dependent historical evolution which kept the balance of power relations in the European Union (EU) broadly unchanged. With this, we offer a critique of literature on the post-crisis European economic governance framework, which sees an increase in the influence of supranational actors, notably the European Commission. Focusing on the ES, our paper puts forward an alternative view, grounded in the theory of historical institutionalism, arguing that the balance of power relations has broadly stayed the same. The conclusion is based on a legal-historical analysis of 12 indicators, which help to understand the evolution of the ES.
Improving Gender-Related Fairness in Sentence Encoders: A Semantics-Based Approach
Authors: Dolci Tommaso , Azzalini Fabio , Tanelli Mara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ever-increasing number of systems based on semantic text analysis is making natural language understanding a fundamental task: embedding-based language models are used for a variety of applications, such as resume parsing or improving web search results. At the same time, despite their popularity and widespread use, concern is rapidly growing due to their display of social bias and lack of transparency. In particular, they exhibit a large amount of gender bias, favouring the consolidation of social stereotypes. Recently, sentence embeddings have been introduced as a novel and powerful technique to represent entire sentences as vectors. We propose a new metric to estimate gender bias in sentence embeddings, named bias score. Our solution leverages semantic importance of words and previous research on bias in word embeddings, and it is able to discern between neutral and biased gender information at sentence level. Experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate that our novel metric can identify gender stereotyped sentences. Furthermore, we employ bias score to detect and then remove or compensate for the more stereotyped entries in text corpora used to train sentence encoders, improving their degree of fairness. Finally, we prove that models retrained on fairer corpora are less prone to make stereotypical associations compared to their original counterpart, while preserving accuracy in natural language understanding tasks. Additionally, we compare our experiments with traditional methods for reducing bias in embedding-based language models.
Integrating systems thinking and flexibility in infrastructure management
Authors: Acuña-Coll Nayled , Sánchez-Silva Mauricio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfrastructure systems are subjected to demands imposed by extreme natural events and increasing socioeconomic pressures. The latter are derived, for example, from a rise in the export of goods and services, and population growth, which is also associated with problems such as access to housing and basic sanitation. According to the World Risk Report 2016, inadequate infrastructure increases the frequency of losses to life and property, as well as the risk that an extreme natural event might become a disaster. Thus, frequently, traditional infrastructure systems design and management have fail to meet the stakeholders’ expectations. The main problems emerge from decisions based on the assumption that systems are static, instead of changing continuously, and on uncertainty management. This paper presents, first, a conceptual proposal that combinessystems thinkingandflexibilityas the main pillars to facilitate systems to respond and change over time. Systems thinking recognizes the dynamic evolution of systems and helps understand how processes and subprocesses interact at different levels (i.e., hierarchical arrangement of processes). Flexibility, which is the ability of a system to respond or change, is crucial to managing better risks and varying demands, thus fostering resilience to disasters and climate change. Incorporating flexibility in the development of infrastructure contributes to enhancing the management of planned or unplanned events, taking advantage of investment/business opportunities, reducing possible cost overruns, and handling the perceptions and interests of stakeholders. Based on the conceptual framework, the second part of the paper presents a proposal to integrate these concepts into a physical and financial infrastructure model. The outcome of this model is a set of management policies that render the actions that best reflect the interest of stakeholders. The conceptual ideas and the proposed model are illustrated with two examples showing the value of integrating systems thinking and flexibility in infrastructure management over time.
Brassica juncea as a Feasible Hyperaccumulator of Chosen Potentially Toxic Metals Under Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Sut-Lohmann Magdalena , Grimm Mark , Kästner Friederike , Raab Thomas , Heinrich Martina , Fischer Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays, many sites are considered waste, due to high potentially toxic metal (PTM) concentration. Recycling of globally critical metals requires development of environmentally friendly processes for metal recovery. To study plants response to elevated Zn and Cu concentration in soil, a greenhouse experiment was designed using hyperaccumulator Brassica juncea. Plants were irrigated daily with PTM solutions, with final mass of both Zn and Cu added to the soil reaching 104.5, 209, 313.5, and 330 mg. After 8 weeks, samples were harvested, dried, weighed, and elemental analysis was conducted using atomic emission spectrometry (Agilent Technologies 4210 MP-AES). Phytotoxicity was determined based on visual observation, biomass, and chlorophyll measurements. The highest accumulation of Zn and Cu was found in the stem and leaf material, with observed concentrations of Zn in the leaf being 16.750 mg kg−1 and 7.170 mg kg−1 of Cu in the stem. The highest allocated in the biomass mass of Zn and Cu was in T4 treatment reaching 25.8 mg and 9.5 mg, respectively. Treatment with 330 mg Zn and Cu application displayed a 62.3% decrease in stem mass, a 25% decrease in average root mass (LD30 reached), and a 59% decrease in leaf mass when compared with the control. With increasing PTM concentration, root, biomass (from about 0.4 to 0.1 g; from about 3.8 to 2.0 g, respectively) and chlorophyll “a” (from about 24 to 19 μg/cm2) decline was observed, which correlates with observed chlorosis. This study reaffirmed the capabilities of B. juncea to bioaccumulate Zn and Cu from an enriched soil and provided further understanding as to how Zn and Cu translocate within plant tissues.
Reconstructing the cruise-phase trajectory of deep-space probes in a general relativistic framework: An application to the Cassini gravitational wave experiment
Authors: O’Leary Joseph , Barriot Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEinstein’s theory of general relativity is playing an increasingly important role in fields such as interplanetary navigation, astrometry, and metrology. Modern spacecraft and interplanetary probe prediction and estimation platforms employ a perturbed Newtonian framework, supplemented with the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann n-body equations of motion. While time in Newtonian mechanics is formally universal, the accuracy of modern radiometric tracking systems necessitate linear corrections via increasingly complex and error-prone post-Newtonian techniques—to account for light deflection due to the solar system bodies. With flagship projects such as the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission now operating at unprecedented levels of accuracy, we believe the standard corrected Newtonian paradigm is approaching its limits in terms of complexity. In this paper, we employ a novel prototype software, General Relativistic Accelerometer-based Propagation Environment, to reconstruct the Cassini cruise-phase trajectory during its first gravitational wave experiment in a fully relativistic framework. The results presented herein agree with post-processed trajectory information obtained from NASA’s SPICE kernels at the order of centimetres.
Self-regulated Learning from a Cultural Psychology Perspective: Shifting from Strategy to Process with the Trajectory Equifinality Approach
Authors: Masaki Fumiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf-regulated learning (SRL) is the act of self-regulation during learning. Achieving mastery in SRL can benefit students by helping them complete their work, obtain higher grades in school, and learn life skills to gain meaningful experiences to establish their identities. Most researchers have considered SRL a process of steps and conformed it to a type of experiment using quantitative methods in the interests of reproductivity. However, they failed to acknowledge crucial factors of the process (i.e., coaction with the environment and time) and lacked methodologies that analyze and depict the developmental process. This study aimed to argue that SRL is an act of self-influence in the sociocultural context and that the process differs for each individual. This study overviewed SRL and contrastingly reviewed Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory with signs, Bruner’s meaning-making, and Valsiner’s internalization/externalization model. It provided insights into the SRL process from a qualitative perspective and conceptualized SRL from a semiotic developmental perspective, with an adaptation of sociocultural dynamics. Finally, it demonstrated how the Trajectory Equifinality Approach (TEA), an alternative methodology, can visualize the developmental process of SRL.
Preparation and quality of okara protein gel gummies
Authors: Liu Zheng , Yang Juan , Fan Weijing , Jin Bei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOkara protein (OP) was extracted by alkali solution and acid-isolation method using bean dregs as raw materials. With OP as the main raw material, the mixed gelatin and modified starch as the gelling agent, xylitol as the sweetener, and buffered lactic acid as the sour agent, the elasticity, hardness, stickiness and chewiness of the texture analyzer were analyzed by the single-factor test and orthogonal test. Combined with sensory evaluation, the optimal formula for the preparation of OP gel gummies was comprehensively obtained as: the ratio of gelatin to modified starch was 9:1; the xylitol addition was 18 g; the addition of buffered lactic acid was 0.7mL, and the addition of OP solution was 16mL, respectively. The gel gummies prepared under this formula have the advantages of suitable sweetness and sourness, good taste, good stickiness and uniform color. It also has special physiological functions, such as immune regulation and antihypertensiveness.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Spatial Parameters in Modelling the Evolutionary Interaction Between Autonomous Vehicles and Other Road Users
Authors: Bitar Isam , Watling David , Romano Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe road user network is a dynamic, ever-evolving population in which road users interact to share and compete for road space. The advent of autonomous road vehicles (ARVs) will usher in numerous opportunities and challenges in road user dynamics. One of the challenges is whether an ARV population would be able to successfully enter the existing road user space. Previous work demonstrates that successful introduction of ARVs into the road network must consider the evolutionary dynamics of the existing population. This study examines the effect of different spatial parameters as starting conditions for the introduction of a small population of ARVs into a resident population of human-driven vehicles (HDV). The model utilises the concept of evolutionary game theory and uses a square lattice grid with a novel agent mobility approach. The results show that ARV success exhibits significant sensitivity to variations in initial cluster size, position, and travel range. ARVs seem to perform best in fewer, larger clusters with a shorter travel range. This suggests that the best form of early ARV introduction may take the shape of centralised, highly co-operative fleets of local passenger or freight transport.
Design and Development of Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Processing System for Optimizing Security of Software System
Authors: Althar Raghavendra Rao , Samanta Debabrata , Purushotham Sathvik , Sengar Sandeep Singh , Hewage Chaminda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoftware security vulnerabilities are significant for the software development industry. Exploration is conducted for software development industry landscape, software development eco-system landscape, and software system customer landscape. The focus is to explore the data sources that can provide the software development team with insights to act upon the security vulnerabilities proactively. Across these modules of software landscape, customer landscape, and industry landscape, data sources are leveraged using artificial intelligence approaches to identify the security insights. The focus is also on building a smart knowledge management system that integrates the information processed across modules into a central system. This central intelligence system can be further leveraged to manage software development activities proactively. In this exploration, machine learning and deep learning approaches are devised to model the data and learn from across the modules. Architecture for all the modules and their integration is also proposed. Work helps to envision a smart system for Artificial Intelligence-based knowledge management for managing software security vulnerabilities.