bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing stable “bridge” structures with compatibilizer POE‐g‐GMA to improve the compatibility of starch‐based composites
Authors: Kong Yingqi , Qian Shaoping , Zhang Zhaoyan , Cheng Huifan , Liu Yuenong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the development of degradation technologies such as chemical‐catalysis and bio‐catalysis, starch‐polyethylene (PE) composites have been revitalized as industrial packaging materials. However, starch and PE suffer from interfacial incompatibility. In this study, poly(octene ethylene) grafted glycidyl methacrylate (POE‐g‐GMA) was added at relatively low amounts (0–7 wt%) to construct robust structures between thermoplastic starch (TPS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Tensile strength increased by 36.39% with the addition of 1 wt% POE‐g‐GMA. Meanwhile, a smooth surface was observed by SEM, and a fibrillar cross‐linked structure appeared on the fractural surface of the blend. POE‐g‐GMA formed a stable “bridge” at the interface between TPS and LDPE, which increased the thermal stability of the blend as well. The crystallinity of LDPE increased from 20.5% (without addition) to 32.8% (with 1 wt% addition), whereas the average crystallite size decreased slightly. The optimal POE‐g‐GMA content was found to be 1 wt% based on mechanical and thermal measurements. The results of this study can provide a reference for improving the interfacial compatibility of biopolymers and fossil‐fuel‐based polymers.
Pathogenic bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage cultures and pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction outcomes
Authors: Teplitzky Taylor B. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Bozkanat Kubra M. , Johnson Romaine F. , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective was to determine if treating pathogenic bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures improves outcomes after pediatric double stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (dsLTR).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary children's hospital.MethodsAll children (<18 years) obtaining flexible bronchoscopy with BAL cultures before dsLTR between 2016 and 2022 were included. Cultures identified abnormal bacterial growth or normal respiratory flora. Thirty‐day postoperative surgical site or lung infections were captured and tracheostomy decannulation rates were obtained for children with at least 12 months of follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐seven children obtained presurgical BAL cultures before dsLTR. Median age at reconstruction was 2.9 years (interquartile range: 2.3−3.5) and 89% (24/27) had high grade subglottic stenosis. Positive cultures were obtained in 56% of children (N = 15) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%, 6/15) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (33%, 5/15) the most frequent organisms. All children with positive cultures were treated based on culture and sensitivity data. Postoperative infections developed in 22% (6/27) of children with equal distribution of surgical site and respiratory infections among children with pathogenic bacteria and normal respiratory flora. At 12 months after surgery, the decannulation rate was no different between those treated and not treated for a presurgical positive BAL culture (47% vs. 58%, p = 0.70).ConclusionPathogenic bacteria are common in BAL cultures from tracheostomy‐dependent children before dsLTR. Treatment keeps respiratory infections and decannulation rates similar to children with negative cultures, suggesting continued benefit of flexible bronchoscopy and BAL in preparation for these surgeries.
Proteomic and metabolomic approaches elucidate the molecular mechanism of emodin against neuropathic pain through modulating the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic pathway and PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Chen Peng , Huang Ning‐yu , Pang Bo , Ye Zeng‐jie , Luo Rui‐xi , Liu Chang , Gong Qian , Wang Chen , Wang Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NeP) is a major health concern. Due to the complex pathological mechanisms, management of NeP is challenging. Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative, exerts excellent analgesic effects. However, its mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying pain‐relief effects of emodin in the cerebral cortex using proteomic and metabolomic approaches. After 15 days of emodin administration, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) values in the emodin groups were significantly higher than those in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) group (p < .05), suggesting emodin treatment could reverse CCI‐induced hyperalgesia. Emodin treatment evoked the expression alteration of 402 proteins (153 up‐regulated and 249 down‐regulated) in the CCI models, which were primarily involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, cGMP/PKG signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. In parallel, emodin intervention regulated the abundance alteration of 27 brain metabolites (20 up‐regulated and 7 down‐regulated) in the CCI rats, which were primarily implicated in carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, pentose phosphate pathway, and glucagon signaling pathway. After a comprehensive analysis and western blot validation, we demonstrated that emodin alleviated NeP mainly through regulating GABAergic pathway and PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway.
Garlic supplementation improves intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic indices in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sangouni Abbas Ali , Alizadeh Mohammad , Jamalzehi Atena , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Parastouei Karim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSubjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Altered gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. It has been hypothesized that garlic can improve intestinal transit time and cardiovascular risks. We investigated the effect of garlic powder supplementation on intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and cardiometabolic indices in subjects with MetS. A double‐blind randomized controlled trial was conducted for 3 months among subjects with MetS. Ninety subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment group (intake of 1,600 mg/d garlic powder) or control group (placebo) using a computer‐generated random number table. All participants were asked to follow the common healthy dietary recommendations during follow‐up. The primary outcomes included intestinal transit time, LAP, cardiometabolic index (CMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I (CRI‐I) and Castelli risk index II (CRI‐II). Garlic powder compared to the placebo improved intestinal transit time (p = .001), LAP (−21.5 ± 23.4 vs. 0.7 ± 21.5; p < .001), CMI (−0.85 ± 0.8 vs. 0.13 ± 0.8; p < .001), AIP (−0.14 ± 0.1 vs. 0.01 ± 0.1; p < .001), CRI‐I (−0.69 ± 0.5 vs. 0.16 ± 0.5; p < .001) and CRI‐II (−0.50 ± 0.3 vs. 0.02 ± 0.3; p < .001). Garlic supplementation can improve intestinal transit time, LAP, and cardiometabolic indices.
Dredged sediments contain potentially beneficial microorganisms for agriculture and little harmful cyanobacteria
Authors: Rúa Megan A. , Julian Ashley N. , Stevenson Louise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSoils worldwide are degrading, raising concerns about our ability to feed the growing global population. Soil amendments that can alleviate degradation are gaining attention. The application of sediments dredged from waterways to agricultural fields has increasing promise as a means for improving degraded soils. However, herbaceous plant species may have difficulty establishing on dredged material because of low nutrient availability, inhibitory levels of toxins, unsuitable moisture conditions and lack of microorganisms capable of ameliorating these characteristics. To counteract these issues, we sought to understand if the use of a cover crop would increase the abundance, diversity and function of beneficial soil microorganisms compared to harmful microorganisms in dredged sediments.Materials and MethodsWe collected soil samples from two 100% dredged sediment plots, one where winter cereal rye (Secale cereal)was grown as a winter cover crop and one left fallow over the winter, followed by traditional corn (Zea mays) planting. We sampled both plots three times during the growing season: before cover crop application, following cover crop application but before corn planting and following final corn harvest. We then used high‐throughput sequencing to identify the bacterial and fungal communities present in the samples.ResultsOur data show that cover crop application did not alter the microbial community in these plots. However, sampling time decreased species diversity and altered the composition of both fungal and bacterial communities recovered from these plots. Across both plots, microorganisms associated with carbon cycling were more abundant than those associated with harmful effects, including microcystin‐producing cyanobacteria, which were an extremely small portion of the overall community.ConclusionOur work suggests that dredged sediments have the potential to improve soil function through the addition of microorganisms associated with nutrient cycling, but a cover crop is not necessary to incur these benefits.
K2S2O8‐Glucose‐Mediated Metal‐Free Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Indoles with Langlois’ Reagent on the C2 Position
Authors: Das Samarpita , K.Indurthi Harish , Saha Pallavi , Sharma Deepak K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective trifluoromethylation method of indole at the C2 position with ecologically‐sound Langlois’ reagent (CF3SO2Na) under metal‐free conditions is described. K2S2O8 in presence of glucose at room temperature has been utilized for the generation of CF3 radicals from CF3SO2Na. The desired product can be obtained in good to excellent yields with a wide scope of substrate variability and gram scalability.
Additive‐Enhanced Crystallization of Inorganic Perovskite Single Crystals for High‐Sensitivity X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Xue Zexu , Wei Yingrui , Li Hao , Peng Jiali , Yao Fang , Liu Yong , Wang Sheng , Zhou Qianghui , Lin Qianqian , Wang Zhiping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInorganic cesium lead halide perovskite single crystals are particularly intriguing to ionizing radiation detection by virtue of their material stability and high attenuation coefficients. However, the growth of high‐quality inorganic perovskite single crystals remains challenging, mainly due to the limited solubility. In this work, an additive‐enhanced crystallization method is proposed for cesium lead perovskites. The additive can remarkably increase the solubility of cesium bromide in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) forming a balanced stoichiometric precursor solution, which prevents the formation of impurity phases. In addition, the additives would react with DMSO generating glyoxylic acid (GLA) via nucleophilic substitution and Kornblum oxidation reactions. The GLA can form stable PbBr2‐DMSO‐GLA complexes, which enables better crystallinity, uniformity and much longer carrier lifetimes for the grown single crystals. The X‐ray detectors using the additive‐enhanced crystals exhibit an ultra‐high sensitivity of 3.0 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 which is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that for the control devices.
Contextualizing contemporary racial justice activism in higher education
Authors: Cooper Ashton R. , Assalone Amanda E. , Biddix J. Patrick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudent activists continue to challenge institutions of higher education to address instances of oppression and injustice. In this chapter, we discuss recent examples of racial justice activism within higher education. We then offer recommendations for institutional leaders and administrators to consider when engaging with students focused on racial justice activism.
Graduate teaching assistants impact student motivation and engagement in course‐based undergraduate research experiences
Authors: Goodwin Emma Crystal , Cary Jessica R. , Phan Vivian D. , Therrien Hayley , Shortlidge Erin Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe drive to broaden equitable access to undergraduate research experiences has catalyzed the development and implementation of course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs). Biology education has prioritized embedding CUREs in introductory labs, which are frequently taught by graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). Thus, a CURE GTA is expected not only to teach but also to support novice student researchers. We know little about how GTAs perform as research mentors in a CURE, or how the quality of their mentorship and support impacts undergraduate students. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a phenomenological study of an introductory biology CURE, interviewing 25 undergraduate students taught by nine different GTAs at a single institution. We used self‐determination theory to guide our exploration of how students' autonomous motivation to engage in a CURE is impacted by perceptions of GTA support. We found that highly motivated students were more likely to experience factors hypothesized to optimize motivation in the CURE, and to perceive that their GTA was highly supportive of these elements. Students with lower motivation were less likely to report engaging in fundamental elements of research offered in a CURE. Our findings suggest that GTAs directly impact students' motivation, which can, in turn, influence whether students perceive receiving the full research experience as intended in a CURE. We contend that practitioners who coordinate CUREs led by GTAs should therefore offer curated training that emphasizes supporting students' autonomous motivation in the course and engagement in the research. Our work suggests that GTAs may differ in their capacity to provide students with the support they need to receive and benefit from certain pedagogical practices. Future work assessing innovative approaches in undergraduate biology laboratory courses should continue to investigate potenital differential outcomes for students taught by GTAs.
Introduction: Viewing Plantations at the Intersection of Political Ecologies and Multiple Space-Times
Authors: Peano Irene , Macedo Marta , Le Petitcorps Colette 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we outline our contribution to the study of plantations, building upon a wide and important body of critical literature that has developed on the subject over more than a century of reflections and struggles. Plantations are analyzed according to three main axes: an eco-material dimension that articulates to racial injustices; the long-term material, affective and symbolic imprints of plantations; and their sovereign dimensions. We explore these topics through a variety of examples and transdisciplinary approaches that cut across chronologies, geographies and political contexts and provide a navigation tool through the edited volume’s contributions. By stressing plantations’ more-than-human relations and their all-too-human (modern, colonial, imperial) dynamics, we want to both call into question any monolithic notion of “the” plantation and pinpoint the common features that accrue to the different plantation experiences and experiments addressed by authors. Contributing to the current discussion on the predicaments of the Plantationocene, we argue that this book’s breadth and vision might help imagine more nuanced ways of narrating plantation regimes and forms of resistance against them—past, present and future.
“New Slavery”, Modern Marronage and the Multiple Afterlives of Plantations in Contemporary Italy
Authors: Peano Irene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith reference to the Italian agribusiness sector, this chapter probes the specters of “the plantation” as the (ob)scene of discourses on “modern slavery,” and traces alternative genealogies of the current organization and representation of migrant farm labor. The history of the transatlantic trade and the New-World plantation has a prominent presence in this field of representation. But multiple, geographically and temporally heterogeneous plantation pasts and specters of enslavement haunt contemporary agribusiness districts, the slums and labor camps which punctuate them, and their patterns of labor management, in different and even contradictory ways. “The plantation” and “slavery” as its principle of organization may be evoked in diminishing or oppressive terms that work as a distancing mechanism to occlude subjectivities and struggles. At the same time, redemptive and oppositional conjurings of the New-World plantation emerge from the coinage of the notion of a “Black Mediterranean” as a redemptive parallel to the “Black Atlantic,” and in workers’ myriad references to practices and cultures of marronage first developed in cross-Atlantic exchanges. Yet, other scenes, recursive patterns, localized geographies and buried genealogies are shown to be equally crucial to understand contemporary forms of extraction, containment and racialization, and for truly abolitionist struggles.
Knowledge Infused Representations Through Combination of Expert Knowledge and Original Input
Authors: Biermann Daniel , Goodwin Morten , Granmo Ole-Christoffer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSophisticated applications in natural language processing, such as conversational agents, often need to be able to generalize across a range of different tasks to generate natural-feeling language. In this paper, we introduce a model that aims to improve generalizability with regard to different tasks by combining the original input with the output of a task-specific expert. Through a combination mechanism, we create a new representation that has been enriched with the information given by the expert. These enriched representations then serve as input to a downstream model. We test three different combination mechanisms in two combination paradigms and evaluate the performance of the new enriched representation in a simple encoder-decoder model. We show that even very simple combination mechanisms are able to significantly improve performance of the downstream model. This means that the encoded expert information is transported through the new enriched input representation, leading to a beneficial impact on performance within the task domain. This opens the way for exciting future endeavors such as testing performance on different task domains and the combination of multiple experts.
Pattern Based Software Architecture for Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Torim Ants , Liiv Innar , Ounoughi Chahinez , Yahia Sadok Ben 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany industrial sectors are moving toward Industry Revolution (IR) 4.0. In this respect, the Internet of Things and predictive maintenance are considered the key pillars of IR 4.0. Predictive maintenance is one of the hottest trends in manufacturing where maintenance work occurs according to continuous monitoring using a healthiness check for processing equipment or instrumentation. It enables the maintenance team to have an advanced prediction of failures and allows the team to undertake timely corrective actions and decisions ahead of time. The aim of this paper is to present a smart monitoring and diagnostics system as an expert system that can alert an operator before equipment failures to prevent material and environmental damages. The main novelty and contribution of this paper is a flexible architecture of the predictive maintenance system, based on software patterns - flexible solutions to general problems. The presented conceptual model enables the integration of an expert knowledge of anticipated failures and the matrix-profile technique based anomaly detection. The results so far are encouraging.
Automatic Unsupervised Clustering of Videos of the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Procedure
Authors: Storås Andrea M. , Riegler Michael A. , Haugen Trine B. , Thambawita Vajira , Hicks Steven A. , Hammer Hugo L. , Kakulavarapu Radhika , Halvorsen Pål , Stensen Mette H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe in vitro fertilization procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used to help fertilize an egg by injecting a single sperm cell directly into the cytoplasm of the egg. In order to evaluate, refine and improve the method in the fertility clinic, the procedure is usually observed at the clinic. Alternatively, a video of the procedure can be examined and labeled in a time-consuming process. To reduce the time required for the assessment, we propose an unsupervised method that automatically clusters video frames of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. Deep features are extracted from the video frames and form the basis for a clustering method. The method provides meaningful clusters representing different stages of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. The clusters can lead to more efficient examinations and possible new insights that can improve clinical practice. Further on, it may also contribute to improved clinical outcomes due to increased understanding about the technical aspects and better results of the procedure. Despite promising results, the proposed method can be further improved by increasing the amount of data and exploring other types of features.
Prevalence of malocclusions in 8- and 9-year-old children in Germany—Results of the Sixth German Oral Health Study (DMS 6)
Authors: Jordan Andreas Rainer , Kuhr Kathrin , Frenzel Baudisch Nicolas , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Current population-wide data on the prevalence of malocclusions in 8‑ and 9‑year-old children in Germany are not available. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to collect data on the prevalence of malocclusions in 8‑ and 9‑year-old children in Germany. The secondary objective of this study was to use this information to derive the need for orthodontic care provision.

Methods
This is an oral–epidemiological investigation and social science survey at the national level with a focus on tooth and jaw misalignment. The investigation took place between January and March 2021 at 16 study centers across Germany. All relevant data were available for the 705 study participants and were included in the statistical analysis.

Results
Overbite was the most common finding with 88.9%. Also widespread were crowding, with at least 60.9%, and lack of space, with a share of 30.9%. All other indication groups had a share below 10%. Rare (< 1%) were buccal and lingual occlusions and craniofacial abnormalities. The most severe forms of disease (Orthodontic Indication Group [Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen, KIG] grade 5) were overbite (3.2%), open bite malocclusion (1.0%), undershot (0.6%), and craniofacial abnormalities (0.4%). The proportion of study participants who required orthodontic treatment, in accordance with statutory health insurance provider guidelines, was 40.4%. The proportion of study participants in principle requiring orthodontic treatment for medical reasons was 97.5%. Systemic differences in the need for orthodontic care provision relating to gender, region, or social status were not identified.

Conclusion
In general, the need for care provision identified in the orthodontic indication groups corresponds to that shown in previous studies. This suggests that the need for orthodontic treatment in Germany has remained stable over the years.