bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memantine Use and Cognitive Decline in Huntington's Disease: An Enroll‐HD Study
Authors: Ogilvie Amy C. , Schultz Jordan L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMemantine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) and has been speculated to provide clinical benefits in Huntington's disease (HD).ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of memantine on the trajectory of cognitive decline in individuals with manifest HD.MethodsUsing participants from the Enroll‐HD study, the primary analysis compared trajectories in cognition over a 5‐year period using linear mixed effect models of prevalent and incident memantine users who were propensity‐score‐matched with non‐users on measures of disease progression and demographics.ResultsIn the primary analysis there were no significant differences in the trajectories between memantine users and non‐users on any primary outcomes of interest.ConclusionsMemantine use was not associated with any clinical benefit for individuals with manifest HD. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of memantine on clinical outcomes in HD.
Technical note: Delivery benefit and dosimetric implication of synchrotron‐based proton pencil beam scanning using continuous scanning mode
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Beltran Chris J. , Liu Chunbo , Shen Jiajian , Li Heng , Furutani Keith M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiscrete spot scanning (DSS) is the commonly used method for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS). There is lack of data on the dose‐driven continuous scanning (DDCS).PurposeTo investigate delivery benefits and dosimetric implications of DDCS versus DSS for PBS systems.MethodsThe irradiation duty factor, beam delivery time (BDT), and dose deviation were simulated for eight treatment plans in prostate, head and neck, liver, and lung, with both conventional fractionation and hypofractionation schemes. DDCS results were compared with those of DSS.ResultsThe DDCS irradiation duty factor (range, 11%–41%) was appreciably improved compared to DSS delivery (range, 4%–14%), within which, hypofractionation schemes had greater improvement than conventional fractionation. With decreasing stop ratio constraints, the DDCS BDT reduction was greater, but dose deviation also increased. With stop ratio constraints of 2, 1, 0.5, and 0, DDCS BDT reduction reached to 6%, 10%, 12%, and 15%, respectively, and dose deviation reached to 0.6%, 1.7%, 3.0%, and 5.2% root mean square error in PTV DVH, respectively. The 3%/2‐mm gamma passing rate was greater than 99% with stop ratio constraints of 2 and 1, and greater than 95% with a stop ratio of 0.5. When the stop ratio constraint was removed, five of the eight treatment plans had a 3%/2‐mm gamma passing rate greater than 95%, and the other three plans had a 3%/2‐mm gamma passing rate between 90% and 95%.ConclusionsThe irradiation duty factor was considerably improved with DDCS. Smaller stop ratio constraints led to shorter BDTs, but with the cost of larger dose deviations. Our finding suggested that a stop ratio of 1 constraint seems to yield acceptable DDCS dose deviation.
Negative association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour in male, but not female, nursing interns: A cross‐section study
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Yang Linlin , Yang Chunling , Chen Yue , Wu Xia , Li Liu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to compare the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour between male and female nursing interns.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was carried out at three general hospitals in Shandong Province in China to collect data from 466 nursing interns. We evaluated the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviours in men and women using multiple linear regressions.ResultsSex moderated the association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour (B = 1.046, [SE = 0.477]; p = 0.029). Among male nursing interns, there was a significant association between workplace violence and patient safety (B = −1.353, 95% CI [−2.556, −0.151]; p = 0.028). In male nursing interns, verbal violence and sexual violence were significantly negatively associated with patient safety (B = −1.569, SE = 0.492, p = 0.002; B = −45.663, SE = 5.554, p < 0.001). No significant association was found in female nursing interns.Patient or Public ContributionThis study did not have a patient or public contribution.
The associations of psychological burnout and time factors on medication errors in rotating shift nurses in Korea: A cross sectional descriptive study
Authors: Im Cheongin , Song Suyoung , Kim Kyoungja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the associations of psychological burnout and time factors on hospital nurses' medication errors.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was used.MethodsA structured questionnaire pertaining to psychological burnout, time factors and medication error was administered to 200 bedside nurses working at two tertiary university hospitals in Korea. The associations between the psychological burnout, time factor and medication error were analysed with the zero‐inflated negative binomial regression for over‐dispersed and over‐abundant zeros count data.ResultsHigher psychological burnout, shorter meal time during duty and longer weekly overtime were associated with an increased likelihood of medication error of nurses working in tertiary university hospitals. For medication safety, nurse managers should provide appropriate administrative support to nurses to cope with psychological burnout of nurses. Work time management should also be considered as human factors to satisfy the needs of nurses, such as securing meal times and maintaining a low level of weekly overtime.
Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate‐based composites derived from waste cooking oil and agricultural surplus
Authors: Altun Müslüm , Çelebi Mithat , Şen Sinan , Kökpınar Öznur , Kaçoğlu Hanife Songül 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), member of the polyhydroxyalkanoate family, was generated from waste vegetable oil in a lab‐scale bioreactor and filled with pistachio shell (S) flour to produce fully agro‐industrial waste derived biodegradable low‐cost composites via melt mixing. To improve the interfacial interaction, maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PHBV (PHBV‐MA) was used as a compatibilizer and pretreatment of S (TS) was realized with silanization+alkalization process. The effects of filler percentage, compatibilizer, and S modification on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, water absorption, and biodegradability properties of the composite were studied. The crystallization percentage and temperature of PHBV were found to be higher in the composites, as compared with neat PHBV, due to nucleation effect of S/TS fillers. The increased tensile strength/modulus were achieved with composites including both PHBV‐MA compatibilizer and TS filler. The PHBV/PHBV‐MA/TS composite reinforced with 40% TS filler increased the tensile strength and modulus of the neat PHBV by 62.1% and 45.3%, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that samples containing PHBV‐MA, or TS, have better surface wetting and interfacial adhesion than those without. The biodegradation of composites was studied over a 180 days of burial in soil. Biodegradation increased in tandem with the increase of the filler ratio in the PHBV composite from 20% to 40%. Biocomposites with 40% S/TS filler lost more than 90% of their weight, while the neat PHBV lost only 23.5%. Water absorption studies confirmed the biodegradability findings, with TS slightly reducing absorption capacity among the 40% filled samples due to the hydrophobicity effect of the silanization pretreatment.
Performance of comprehensive first trimester fetal anatomy assessment
Authors: Pruthi Vagisha , Abbasi Nimrah , Thakur Varsha , Shinar Shiri , O’Connor Anne , Silver Rachel , Simpson Tasha , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveUltrasound assessment of the fetal anatomy and fetal echocardiography are feasible in the first trimester of pregnancy. This study was designed to assess the performance of a comprehensive fetal anatomy assessment in a high‐risk population at a tertiary fetal medicine unit.MethodsA retrospective review of high‐risk patients undergoing comprehensive fetal anatomy ultrasound assessment between 11 weeks and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation was conducted. Findings of the early anatomy ultrasound scan were compared with those of the second trimester anatomy scan, and birth outcomes or post‐mortem results.ResultsEarly anatomy ultrasounds were performed in 765 patients. The sensitivity of the scan for detecting fetal anomalies compared to the birth outcome was 80.5% (95% CI 73.5–86.3) and specificity was 93.1% (95%CI 90.6–95.2). Positive and negative predictive values were 78.5% (95% CI 71.4–84.6) and 93.9% (95% CI 91.4–95.8), respectively. The most missed and overdiagnosed abnormalities were ventricular septal defects. The second trimester ultrasound had sensitivity of 69.0% (95% CI 55.5–80.5) and specificity of 87.5% (95% CI 84.3–90.2).ConclusionsIn a high‐risk population, early assessments had similar performance metrics as the second trimester anatomy ultrasound. We advocate for a comprehensive fetal assessment in the care of high‐risk pregnancies.
Factors associated with cancer patients' distinct death‐preparedness states
Authors: Wen Fur‐Hsing , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Chou Wen‐Chi , Su Po‐Jung , Hou Ming‐Mo , Shen Wen‐Chi , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Tang Siew Tzuh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveFacilitating death preparedness is important for improving cancer patients' quality of death and dying. We aimed to identify factors associated with the four death‐preparedness states (no‐preparedness, cognitive‐only, emotional‐only, and sufficient‐preparedness) focusing on modifiable factors.MethodsIn this cohort study, we identified factors associated with 314 Taiwanese cancer patients' death‐preparedness states from time‐invariant socio‐demographics and lagged time‐varying modifiable variables, including disease burden, physician prognostic disclosure, patient‐family communication on end‐of‐life (EOL) issues, and perceived social support using hierarchical generalized linear modeling.ResultsPatients who were male, older, without financial hardship to make ends meet, and suffered lower symptom distress were more likely to be in the emotional‐only and sufficient‐preparedness states than the no‐death‐preparedness‐state. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.95 [0.91, 0.99] per year increase in age) and greater functional dependency (1.05 [1.00, 1.11]) were associated with being in the cognitive‐only state. Physician prognostic disclosure increased the likelihood of being in the cognitive‐only (51.51 [14.01, 189.36]) and sufficient‐preparedness (47.42 [10.93, 205.79]) states, whereas higher patient‐family communication on EOL issues reduced likelihood for the emotional‐only state (0.38 [0.21, 0.69]). Higher perceived social support reduced the likelihood of cognitive‐only (0.94 [0.91, 0.98]) but increased the chance of emotional‐only (1.09 [1.05, 1.14]) state membership.ConclusionsDeath‐preparedness states are associated with patients' socio‐demographics, disease burden, physician prognostic disclosure, patient‐family communication on EOL issues, and perceived social support. Providing accurate prognostic disclosure, adequately managing symptom distress, supporting those with higher functional dependence, promoting empathetic patient‐family communication on EOL issues, and enhancing perceived social support may facilitate death preparedness.
Predictors for invasive home mechanical ventilation duration in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Foster Carolyn , Noreen Paige , Grage Jennifer , Kwon Soyang , Hird‐McCorry Lindsey P. , Janus Angela , Davis Matthew M. , Goodman Denise , Laguna Theresa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who require invasive home mechanical ventilation (IHMV) are medically vulnerable and experience high caregiving and healthcare costs. Predictors for duration of IHMV in children with BPD remain unclear, which can make prognostication and decision‐making challenging.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of children with BPD requiring IHMV was conducted from independent children's hospital records (2005–2021). The primary outcome was IHMV duration, defined as time from initial discharge home on IHMV until cessation of positive pressure ventilation (day and night). Two new variables were included: discharge age corrected for tracheostomy (DACT) (chronological age at discharge minus age at tracheostomy) and level of ventilator support at discharge (minute ventilation per kg per day). Univariable Cox regression was performed with variables of interest compared to IHMV duration. Significant nonlinear factors (p < 0.05) were included in the multivariable analysis.ResultsOne‐hundred‐and‐nineteen patients used IHMV primarily for BPD. Patient median index hospitalization lasted 12 months (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0,14.4). Once home, half of the patients were weaned off IHMV by 36.0 months and 90% by 52.2 months. Being Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04, 0.53), p < 0.01) and having a higher DACT were associated with increased IHMV duration (HR 0.66 (CI 0.43, 0.98), p < 0.05).ConclusionsDisparity in IHMV duration exists among patients using IHMV after prematurity. Prospective multisite studies that further investigate new analytic variables, such as DACT and level of ventilator support, and address standardization of IHMV care are needed to create more equitable IHMV management strategies.
Towards a comprehensive framework to analyse the benefits of openness for sustainability‐oriented innovation: A systematic literature review
Authors: Miranda Luis Francisco , Cruz‐Cázares Claudio , Saunila Minna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study systematically reviews the scientific literature on the role of open innovation in addressing current and emerging societal and environmental challenges. To do so, we analysed the what, how, who and why of integrating external partners for sustainability purposes. We found a clear predominance of open innovation mechanisms to develop environmental innovations rather than innovations focused on a triple bottom line. We identified at least four mechanisms associated with the inbound mode of open innovation (crowdsourcing, lead‐user workshops, intermediation, and experiments and discussion sessions) and 10 mechanisms related to the coupled mode of open innovation (alliance, business‐non‐profit engagement, co‐creation, joint ventures, cooperation, collaborative innovation contests, coopetition, cross‐sector partnerships, joint development projects, and innovation networks). Even though sustainability‐oriented innovation promises to be a source of societal transformation and entrepreneurial opportunities, we found that firms can face some tensions when simultaneously addressing financial, environmental and social purposes.
Tendency Regulation of Competing Reactions Toward Highly Reversible Tin Anode for Aqueous Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Xu Diyu , Xie Jinhao , Zhou Lijun , Yang Fan , Wang Yi , Yang Zujin , Wang Fuxin , Zhang Haozhe , Lu Xihong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInvestigating dendrite‐free stripping/plating anodes is highly significant for advancing the practical application of aqueous alkaline batteries. Sn has been identified as a promising candidate for anode material, but its deposition/dissolution efficiency is hindered by the strong electrostatic repulsion between Sn(OH)3− and the substrate. Herein, this work constructs a nondense copper layer which serves as stannophile and hydrogen evolution inhibitor to adjust the tendency of competing reactions on Sn foil surface, thus achieving a highly reversible Sn anode. The interactions between the deposited Sn and the substrates are also strengthened to prevent shedding. Notably, the ratio of Sn redox reaction is significantly boosted from ≈20% to ≈100%, which results in outstanding cycling stability over 560 h at 10 mA cm−2. A Sn//Ni(OH)2 battery device is also demonstrated with capacities from 0.94 to 22.4 mA h cm−2 and maximum stability of 1800 cycles.
Harnessing Nucleic Acids Nanotechnology for Bone/Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Han Yafei , Cao Liehu , Li Guangfeng , Zhou Fengjin , Bai Long , Su Jiacan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effective regeneration of weight‐bearing bone defects and critical‐sized cartilage defects remains a significant clinical challenge. Traditional treatments such as autologous and allograft bone grafting have not been successful in achieving the desired outcomes, necessitating the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Nucleic acids have attracted significant attention due to their ability to be designed to form discrete structures and programmed to perform specific functions at the nanoscale. The advantages of nucleic acid nanotechnology offer numerous opportunities for in‐cell and in vivo applications, and hold great promise for advancing the field of biomaterials. In this review, the current abilities of nucleic acid nanotechnology to be applied in bone and cartilage regeneration are summarized and insights into the challenges and future directions for the development of this technology are provided.
Signal Transduction in Artificial Cells
Authors: Yu Xiaolei , Mukwaya Vincent , Mann Stephen , Dou Hongjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, significant progress has been made in the emerging field of constructing biomimetic soft compartments with life‐like behaviors. Given that biological activities occur under a flux of energy and matter exchange, the implementation of rudimentary signaling pathways in artificial cells (protocells) is a prerequisite for the development of adaptive sense‐response phenotypes in cytomimetic models. Herein, recent approaches to the integration of signal transduction modules in model protocells prepared by bottom‐up construction are discussed. The approaches are classified into two categories involving invasive biochemical signals or non‐invasive physical stimuli. In the former mechanism, transducers with intrinsic recognition capability respond with high specificity, while in the latter, artificial cells respond through intra‐protocellular energy transduction. Although major challenges remain in the pursuit of a sophisticated artificial signaling network for the orchestration of higher‐order cytomimetic models, significant advances have been made in establishing rudimentary protocell communication networks, providing novel organizational models for the development of life‐like microsystems and new avenues in protoliving technologies.
Model-Based Controlling Approaches for Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Rüppel Adrian Karl , Ay Muzaffer , Biernat Benedikt , Kunze Ike , Landwehr Markus , Mann Samuel , Pennekamp Jan , Rabe Pascal , Sanders Mark P. , Scheurenberg Dominik , Schiller Sven , Xi Tiandong , Abel Dirk , Bergs Thomas , Brecher Christian , Reisgen Uwe , Schmitt Robert H. , Wehrle Klaus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main objectives in production technology are quality assurance, cost reduction, and guaranteed process safety and stability. Digital shadows enable a more comprehensive understanding and monitoring of processes on shop floor level. Thus, process information becomes available between decision levels, and the aforementioned criteria regarding quality, cost, or safety can be included in control decisions for production processes. The contextual data for digital shadows typically arises from heterogeneous sources. At shop floor level, the proximity to the process requires usage of available data as well as domain knowledge. Data sources need to be selected, synchronized, and processed. Especially high-frequency data requires algorithms for intelligent distribution and efficient filtering of the main information using real-time devices and in-network computing. Real-time data is enriched by simulations, metadata from product planning, and information across the whole process chain. Well-established analytical and empirical models serve as the base for new hybrid, gray box approaches. These models are then applied to optimize production process control by maximizing the productivity under given quality and safety constraints. To store and reuse the developed models, ontologies are developed and a data lake infrastructure is utilized and constantly enlarged laying the basis for a World Wide Lab (WWL). Finally, closing the control loop requires efficient quality assessment, immediately after the process and directly on the machine. This chapter addresses works in a connected job shop to acquire data, identify and optimize models, and automate systems and their deployment in the Internet of Production (IoP).
Science and Values:
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the mid-twentieth century, insulating science from social and ethical values has been something of an obsession for philosophers of science. Philosophers articulated, and then staunchly defended, a value-free ideal for science. Philosophers were willing to concede the “context of discovery” to the influence of values, but argued that the “context of justification” had no place for social values. This view was supported by three ideas: (1) that societal values can add no confirmatory weight to empirical claims; (2) that values distinctive to scientific theory choice could guide scientists when faced with inferential decisions; and (3) that the authority of science in the public sphere rested on the separation and disentanglement of science from social and ethical values. This chapter argues that there is something to the first idea—that there is an important conceptual difference between normative and descriptive claims, but because of their logical structures, normative claims cannot provide sole support for descriptive claims, and vice versa. It argues that the second idea is crucially incomplete—that although there are distinctive epistemic values in science, they cannot decisively guide inference. And, finally, it argues that the third idea is inadequate as well—that we need a more complex understanding of why we grant science general epistemic authority, with multiple bases supporting that authority.
Defining and Defending Vulnerability
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents a definition of both universal and situational vulnerability. It argues that those beings with welfare and agency interests which can potentially be frustrated should be counted as generally vulnerable. If these basic interests are frustrated, one may experience justified or unpreventable harm, unjustified harm, or harmless wrongs. This implies that not all vulnerabilities are morally relevant. Rather, the account presented here allows for a distinction between, on the one hand, manifestations of vulnerability which are unpreventable parts of life and, on the other, those manifestations which are morally problematic. Furthermore, this chapter argues that those individuals and groups with a comparatively higher risk of having their claims disregarded or unfairly considered by moral agents should be deemed situationally particularly vulnerable and be afforded additional attention and special protection.
Conclusion
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the book’s main ideas and arguments with regard to human and animal vulnerability. It identifies the specific function of vulnerability discourse—namely, directing our attention toward those individuals who need additional attention and special protection. Moreover, it addresses questions which are still open and in need of further investigation. Finally, responses and further clarifications are provided with regard to the account of vulnerability presented here, and further application fields of vulnerability discourse are fleshed out.