bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Soil Properties Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Sridevy S. , Raj M. Nivas , Kumaresan P. , Balakrishnan N. , Tilak M. , Raj J. Arockia Stephen , Rani P. Jona Innisai 
Published: June 2023

We aimed to estimate Soil Nutrients and relate the spectral signatures to that of the Laboratory reference Measurements utilizing CART analysis. Sustainable agriculture aims at controlled and/or precise soil fertility interventions based on spatial soil information. The profound advancements in remote sensing and geospatial techniques provide means for determining the spatial coverage and variability of the soil properties through the survey and image data incorporated in the mapping procedures (i.e.) Digital Soil Mapping. The soil moisture content at varying levels influences crop growth and decides the yield, as the crop requires water at critical crop growth stages. Machine learning techniques provide the means of optimized model calibration when compared to conventional geostatistical or statistical approaches.
Morphopedological Characteristics of Soils under Shea Trees in the Bouna Region of Northeast Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Marie-Paule Hien , Brahima Kone , Amidou Ouattara , Hippolyte Kouadio Konan-Kan , Baptiste Ettien Djétchi Jean 
Published: June 2023

The present study was initiated to characterize the soils of three (03) ecological zones of natural establishment of shea in the region of Boukani, in the north-east of Côte d'Ivoire. The study consisted of opening soil pits for morphological characterization following the approach of the Office of Scientific and Technical Research Overseas, based on in situ observation. Botanical data such as density per square meter, trunk diameter at 1.30 m from the ground and their spatial arrangement were also collected. The areas concerned are the villages of Gnarkèradouo, Assoum 2 and Nakélé. The results observed show a significant difference between sites. The shea park is denser in Gnarkèradouo (44.16%), followed by the Assoum 2 park with 38.32% of shea trees and finally the Nakélé site where 17.52% are observed. For the circumference of trees at 1.30 m from the ground, the results show that it is at Nakélé that large trees are observed with high values of 144 cm, then at Assoum 2 (126.2 cm) and finally at Gnarkèradouo with 114.8 cm.
The characteristics of the soils show similarities on the 3 sites. These are gravelly soils with obstacles (indurations). However, the soil at Assoum 2 appears to be different because it is deep. The texture is sandy-clay on all three sites.
Sub-Anesthetic Dose of Ketamine Improves Cognitive Function and Motor Responses in Wistar Rats
Authors: Uahomo Precious Ojo , Ibubeleye Victor Tamunotonye , Ezerioha Chidi Emmanuel , Adheke Oghenefego Michael 
Published: June 2023

Background: The cognitive and motor effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ketamine administration under anesthesia on cognitive function and motor responses in Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups of five rats each (n=5): group 1 (normal control), group 2 (1mg/kg ketamine), group 3 (2mg/kg ketamine), group 4 (3mg/kg ketamine) and group 5 (0.5ml/100g celecoxib). Treatment for each group lasted 3 weeks. Rats from each group were subjected to a total of nine (9) trials of cognitive-motor tests, including; the Barnes maze test (memory based on visual scenes), hand grip test (motor response to foreleg strength), rotarod test (coordination ability). The neurobehavioral ability displayed by the animals was recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Observations from the cognitive function study showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) from week 1 to week 3. The quality of motor task performance also improved from week 1 to week 3 compared to control and celecoxib-treated groups.
Conclusions: Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine improved cognitive function and motor responses in Wistar rats.
Ocular Surface Changes among Smokers
Authors: Ibrahim Amal Mohamed , Awara Amr Mahmoud , Eldsouky Mohamed Ashraf , Shalaby Osama Elsaid 
Published: June 2023

Background: The ocular surface has been defined as the parts of the eye that are exposed 40directly to the external environment (conjunctiva, cornea, limbus, and the overlying tear fil m). The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the ocular surface among smokers.
Methods: This study included 100 subjects from both sexes, age ≥ 18 years, current smoker (a person who has smoked more than 100 cigarettes in his lifetime and continues to do so) and all types of smoking. patients were classified into two groups: smokers (current smokers) (55 cases) and non-smokers (45 cases) who have never smoked and did not have smokers in their first-degree relatives to rule out the effect of passive smoking. All patients were subjected to, acuity of vision measurement, investigation with a slit lamp and special tests (schirmer 2 test, time required for tear breakup, lower tear meniscus height measurement and staining of the ocular surface).
Results: (Ocular Surface Disease Index) OSDI score was significantly different between non-smokers and smokers with P value 0.01. Schirmer 2 test values were significantly decreased in smokers more than non-smokers with P value <0.001. TBUT was significantly lower in smokers more than non-smokers with P value <0.001. T.M height was significantly lower in smokers more than non-smokers. Conjunctival staining was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers with P value <0.001 and there was significant increase in punctate corneal staining in smokers than in non-smokers with P value <0.001. `1234567890-.
Conclusions: Smoking influences the secretion and the tear film's stability; corneal and conjunctival staining was shown to be more prevalent in smokers. Also smoking generates symptoms of eye irritation, smokers are more prone to have dry eyes, and the degree of dry eye is greater in smokers than in non-smokers. Additionally, the severity of symptoms of dry eyes increased with increasing the amount of smoking.
Board Attributes and Credit Risk Exposure of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria: The Moderating Effect of Risk Committee Size
Authors: Muhammad Maryam I. , Tukur Yahaya , Dabari Ishaya J. , Hanga Bilyaminu Y. 
Published: June 2023

Aim: This study examined the moderating effect of Risk Committee Size on the relationship between board attributes and Credit Risk Exposure of listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.
Study Design: This study adopted ex-post facto research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Accounting and period 2009-2019.
Methodology: Panel regression technique was used, Stata 13 was adopted as tool for the data analysis. Secondary source of data was employed and were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the banks over the period.
Results: The findings reveal that, board size has significant effect on credit risk exposure of banks before and after moderation. However, moderating board attributes revealed that board size and board diligence drive down the credit risk exposure of banks. Among the important policy implications is that the variables used suggest that there is continuous need by CBN to encourage and enforce the full application of corporate governance codes by banks in order to reap the full benefit of compliance.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that board size is associated with less credit risk exposure, while high number of board size do not guarantee reduction in credit risk exposure of banks.
Recommendation: It is therefore recommended amongst others that the number of board size should be increased alongside increase in the number of risk committee members to help reduce the risk exposure of banks in Nigeria.
Tofersen treatment leads to sustained stabilization of disease in SOD1 ALS in a “real‐world” setting
Authors: Smith Sean E. , McCoy‐Gross Kelly , Malcolm Amber , Oranski Jeri , Markway Jesse W. , Miller Timothy M. , Bucelli Robert C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivePatients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mutations (SOD1 ALS) treated with tofersen have shown slowing of disease progression, and disease stabilization with recovery of function in some patients. We report our clinical experience with treating patients with SOD1 ALS and the effects of tofersen on outcome measures.MethodsThis was a single‐center observational study of patients with SOD1 ALS receiving treatment with tofersen. The effects of tofersen treatment on neurofilament levels, muscle strength, and clinical outcome measures were assessed. Several patients had outpatient neuromuscular rehabilitation in addition to tofersen treatment and we report changes in functional outcomes.ResultsSeven SOD1 ALS patients received treatment at our institution. All patients showed robust and sustained declines in serum NfL and CSF pNFH (mean change serum NfL: −57.9%; mean change CSF pNFH: −67.6%). There was apparent disease stabilization as assessed by the ALSFRS‐R total score, mean change 1.1 (SD = 0.7). There was notable improvement in functional independence measured by the FIM motor score, mean change 5.13 points (SD = 3.85).InterpretationThis study provides evidence that tofersen treatment in SOD1 ALS can lead to meaningful preservation of function and suggestions of sustained improvement in neurologic function in some patients, and strongly supports the role of neurofilaments as therapeutic biomarkers.
Armoring Vascular Implant by Glycocalyx‐Mimetic Coating with Clustered Morphology and Hydrophilic Lubrication
Authors: Zhang Fanjun , Xiong Yao , Hu Yage , Liu Jingze , Wei Yuan , Yang Li , Luo Rifang , Wang Yunbing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe endothelial glycocalyx is a natural protective layer for blood vessels. Efficient construction of a reliable glycocalyx‐mimetic coating on a vascular implant possesses great potential but remains a challenge. Herein, a novel glycocalyx‐mimetic coating featuring the clustered morphology and hydrophilic lubrication is developed via the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phosphorylcholine‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐PC). The zwitterionic PC groups in HA‐PC exhibited an anti‐polyelectrolyte effect to induce the molecular folding and aggregation of HA in solution and enhance its binding capacity to PEI, resulting in an endothelial glycocalyx‐mimetic clustered morphology. Besides, zwitterions, rather than hydrophobic groups, can achieve hydrophilic lubrication properties through spatial synergy with HA while inducing the molecular folding of HA, ultimately constructing a glycocalyx‐mimetic coating. Such a coating can function well as armor to vascular stent, by virtue of excellent anti‐coagulation, anti‐inflammation, and endothelial promotion properties in vivo and in vitro. The findings not only provide new insights into the interactions between PC‐modified polyelectrolytes but also render a promising glycocalyx‐mimetic coating to armor vascular implants.
A Chain Entanglement Gelled SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer for Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cell Performance and Effective Lead Capture
Authors: Zhou Yuchen , He Zhengyan , Wei Qilin , Sun Anni , Wu Zilong , Huang Dan , Zhang Shufang , Yu William W. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSnO₂ is a widely used electron transport layer (ETL) material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and its design and optimization are essential for achieving efficient and stable PSCs. In this study, the in situ formation of a chain entanglement gel polymer electrolyte is reported in an aqueous phase, integrated with SnO₂ as the ETL. Based on the self‐polymerization of 3‐[[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium]propane‐1‐sulfonic acid (DAES) in an aqueous environment, combining the catalytic effect of LiCl (as a Lewis acid) with the salting‐out effect, and the introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the other polymer chain, a chain entanglement gelled SnO2 (G‐SnO2) structure is successfully constructed with a wide range of functions. The PDEAS‐PVP chain entanglement gel achieves passivation and Pb2⁺ capture through chemical chelation mechanisms is explored. The results demonstrated that the all‐in‐air prepared PSC based on G‐SnO2 exhibited an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.77% and retained 83.3% of their initial efficiency after 2100 h of air exposure. Additionally, the PDEAS‐PVP exposes more C═O and S═O active sites, significantly enhanced the lead absorption capability of the PSCs.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Amination of Propargylamine and 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Yao Biao , Xiong Wenfang , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA novel and efficient palladium‐catalyzed cyclization amination of propargylamines and 1,3‐dienes is reported for the first time, yielding a series of chloromethylene pyrrolidines with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. This method was successfully applied to the late‐stage modification of natural products and drug molecules, providing molecular backbones with potential applications. The reaction was shown to achieve regioselective modulation of the product molecules through the resonance between the solvent and allylpalladium. Additionally, the E‐form products were found to be thermodynamically stable.
Research Progress on Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomeric Aldehydes
Authors: Liu Xing‐Xing , Hu Zi‐Rou , Duan Ming‐Fei , Cheng Dao‐Juan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe burgeoning field of asymmetric catalysis has significantly advanced the construction of axially chiral compounds, recognized for their distinct three‐dimensional structures that are relevant in drug discovery, catalyst design and material science. Particularly, the atropisomeric aldehydes, characterized by a chiral axis and the presence of an aldehyde functionality, are of increasing value and interest in chemistry‐related domains, such as serving as privileged chiral catalysts for activation of amines. In recent years, elegant environmentally‐friendly metal‐free catalytic asymmetric methodologies based on de novo formation of (hetero)aromatic rings, dynamic kinetic resolution and desymmetrization have been established to build this fascinating class of atropisomers. In this review, we would like to highlight recent research progress on enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric aldehydes by means of organocatalysis and biocatalysis, including their scopes, limitations, mechanisms, synthetic applications and provide some insights into future development.
Residual Lifetime Indicators for Respiratory Cartridges and Canisters: Challenges and Opportunities for Sensing
Authors: Trinchi Adrian , Kyratzis Ilias Louis , Oestreich Jacob , Wild Robbie , Hill Matthew R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCanister‐based air purification respirators are frontline personnel's first point of defense against airborne contaminants. Tremendous advancements in filtration and purification materials have occurred in recent years, particularly with the advent of multifunctional, high‐surface‐area materials. Despite these, a significant challenge remains for canisters, and that is knowing when, without a doubt, they should be replaced. Residual lifetime indicators (RLIs) are essential for informing wearers when to make an active decision to replace their canister. RLIs can also be used to inform policymakers of appropriate changeover schedules, thereby reducing the wearer's risk of becoming exposed to airborne contaminants. This paper discusses some of the challenges with current changeover approaches and examines key issues for incorporating RLIs into canister respirators. A variety of sensor technologies and methodologies are examined, along with some recent RLI developments in the research and patent literature. A discussion on the challenges for making RLIs more amenable for incorporation into canisters is provided, along with recommendations for future development.
Structural Design and Challenges of Micron‐Scale Silicon‐Based Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: He Wenjie , Xu Wei , Li Zhigang , Hu Zhaotong , Yang Jia , Qin Gang , Teng Weiming , Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Wei , Sun Zhengming , Yu Xuebin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrently, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of energy storage technologies. Silicon‐based anodes, with their high capacity and low cost, present a promising alternative to traditional graphite anodes in LIBs, offering the potential for substantial improvements in energy density. However, the significant volumetric changes that silicon‐based anodes undergo during charge and discharge cycles can lead to structural degradation. Furthermore, the formation of excessive solid‐electrolyte interphases (SEIs) during cycling impedes the efficient migration of ions and electrons. This comprehensive review focuses on the structural design and optimization of micron‐scale silicon‐based anodes from both materials and systems perspectives. Significant progress is made in the development of advanced electrolytes, binders, and conductive additives that complement micron‐scale silicon‐based anodes in both half and full‐cells. Moreover, advancements in system‐level technologies, such as pre‐lithiation techniques to mitigate irreversible Li+ loss, have enhanced the energy density and lifespan of micron‐scale silicon‐based full cells. This review concludes with a detailed classification of the underlying mechanisms, providing a comprehensive summary to guide the development of high‐energy‐density devices. It also offers strategic insights to address the challenges associated with the large‐scale deployment of silicon‐based LIBs.
Effects of C/N Ratio for Bi‐Culture of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) in a Molasses Based Biofloc System
Authors: Halim Md. Abdul , Aziz Dania , Arshad Aziz , Wong Nur Leena W. S. , Karim Murni Marlina , Syukri Ismail Muhammad Fadhil , Rahi Md. Lifat 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effects of different C/N ratios (C10–N, C15–N, C20–N and C25–N, compared to C0–N as control) on growth, water quality, proximate composition, bacterial loads and total haemocyte counts (THCs) of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) post larvae in a biofloc‐based nursery bi‐culture system, aiming to optimize C/N ratios for sustainability and production efficiency over 6 weeks. Molasses was used as a carbon source, and water salinity was maintained at 15 ppt. In total, 15 cylindrical plastic tanks (125 L water‐holding capacity, 59 cm × 56 cm) were used and filled up each 100 L water for rearing 1500 PL of the two species (750 L. vannamei and 750 M. rosenbergii). At the end of the experiment, significantly higher (p < 0.05) specific growth rate (SGR, % per day) (9.77) and survivability (95.33%) for L. vannamei were recorded in C10–N compared to the other treatments. For M. rosenbergii, the significantly higher (p < 0.05) SGR (% per day) (5.77) was recorded in C25–N, whereas the higher survival rate was found at C10–N (90.67%). The best feed conversion ratio was obtained at C10–N for L. vannamei (1.58), whereas for M. rosenbergii, it was obtained at C25–N (2.43). Significantly the higher (p < 0.05) THCs (L. vannamei = 40.63 × 105 and M. rosenbergii = 31.25 × 105) of both species were obtained at C10–N. The experimental C–N ratios led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total microbial loads (116.6–355 × 109 CFU mL−1) compared to the control (18.40 × 106 CFU mL−1). Moreover, all tested water quality parameters remained within the optimal range across the treatments. The study concluded that a C:N ratio of 10:1 provides the highest economic return, making it the optimal ratio for biofloc‐based nursery bi‐culture of L. vannamei and M. rosenbergii.
Three‐Dimensional Gait Analysis of School‐Age Children With Angelman Syndrome: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Narahara Sho , Ito Yuji , Ito Tadashi , Nakamura Natsuki , Shiraki Anna , Tanemura Kaori , Ohno Atsuko , Aoki Yusuke , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Ishihara Naoko , Hattori Ayako , Ochi Nobuhiko , Natsume Jun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGait disturbance is a common motor symptom in Angelman syndrome (AS), but its characteristics have been poorly studied quantitatively. This study aimed to analyze gait characteristics in school‐age children with AS using three‐dimensional gait analysis (3DGA). Patients with clinically and genetically confirmed AS and healthy children aged 6–15 years were included. For gait assessments, 3DGA was performed using an eight‐camera motion analysis system and eight force plates. Gait metrics, including gait speed, step length, step width, gait variability, gait deviation index, and kinematic and kinetic data of lower extremity joints were compared between the groups. Eight children with AS and 24 healthy controls were evaluated. Seven children with AS had flat feet. While step length and gait speed were similar between groups, children with AS showed greater variability in these parameters and larger step widths. Their average gait deviation index was 74.5, indicating significant gait disturbance, and characteristic features included anterior pelvic tilt, insufficient hip extension, excessive knee flexion during early stance, and reduced ankle joint power. School‐age children with AS exhibit unstable, prancing gait characterized by knee flexion in the early stance phase, quantifiable using 3DGA. These findings provide foundation for evaluating therapeutic interventions.
Origin of Regioselectivity Switch in Pyridinium Functionalizations with Phosphinoyl and Carbamoyl Radicals
Authors: Hu Lingfei , Ding Wenyao , Liu Wei , Wang Limeng , Lv Xiangying , Lu Gang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe origins of regioselectivity switch in pyridinium phosphinoylation and carbamoylation were computationally investigated using energy decomposition analysis. The results reveal that the preference for regioselectivity arises from distinct intermolecular interactions between phosphinoyl/carbamoyl radicals and pyridinium derivatives. The ortho‐methoxy group on pyridinium remodulates different types of intermolecular interactions, exhibiting an opposite trend in its influence on para versus ortho selectivity.
Ultrasonographic view of fluid bronchogram secondary to endobronchial obstruction: A case report
Authors: Kedia Yash , Gupta Nitesh , Kumar Rohit 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound has become an important aspect of emergency medicine due to its wide availability and portability for bedside investigations. Understanding some important ultrasound findings can aid in diagnosis and management.Key findingsWe present a case of a 65‐year‐old smoker who presented with shortness of breath and hemoptysis and was in respiratory failure upon arrival in the emergency department. Bedside ultrasound demonstrated a fluid bronchogram, aiding the diagnosis of lung collapse secondary to endobronchial obstruction.DiscussionFluid bronchograms are seen on CT chest and ultrasonography as linear images corresponding to dilated bronchus, filled with mucus, distal to an endobronchial obstruction. They are characterised by anechoic, tubular structures, suggestive of fluid filled bronchi, over the hypoechogenic pulmonary parenchyma, and can be differentiated from blood vessels by the lack of Doppler signal. Ultrasonographic image of fluid bronchogram is very unique and can help to detect collapse secondary to endobronchial obstruction using point‐of‐care ultrasonography in emergency.