bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of soil respiration to land‐use change depends on soil microbial community being regulated by edaphic factors in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Qiang , Lv Junping , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLand‐use change has significant influences on soil respiration (Rs) in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbes play critical roles in soil carbon cycling. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of how changes in soil microbial properties are linked to the variation of Rs rate during land‐use change still remains poorly understood, especially in the Loess Plateau, China. Here, the characteristics of Rs rate and soil microbial community following the land‐use change from farmland to plantation/grassland were analyzed via an automated soil CO2 flux system and high‐throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The afforestation altered soil microbial diversity and community composition, which was mainly explained by soil pH, temperature, organic matter, nitrate, alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphorus. The biomarkers of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thaumarchaeota were found in farmland soil at the phylum level. The afforestation also significantly decreased Rs rate, which was closely related to Shannon's index, Simpson's index, and some microbial taxa, such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, and Acidobacteria. Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were particularly expected to be important drivers of high Rs rate in farmland soil. Moreover, the microbial interaction was probably also an important factor affecting Rs rate. Our results indicate that the response of Rs to land‐use change depends on soil microbial community being regulated by soil physicochemical properties in the Loess Plateau, China.
Organic substitution accumulates more nitrogen in soil while maintaining unchanged nitrogen use efficiency in rice‐fava bean rotation system
Authors: Wang Panlei , Wang Bin , Chen Anqiang , Sun Xi , Du Caiyan , Zhu Hongye , Pan Yanhua , Tang Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic substitution management (OSM) is critical for soil conservation and nitrogen efficiency. However, integrated assessment of soil quality and crop productivity under paddy‐upland rotation systems after OSM introduction is still lacking. Here, soil nitrogen‐related properties and crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated in 2018, 2019, and 2020, based on a long‐term rice‐fava bean rotation experiment started in 2015. In comparison to chemical fertilization, OSM increased total soil nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN) by 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively, during the rice season, and by 16.3% and 15.9% during the fava bean season. However, NUE, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) all showed season‐specific responses to OSM. OSM decreased NUE, NRE, and NAE by 18.2%, 37.5%, and 26.2% in the rice season but increased by 8.0%, 231.0%, and 184.1% in the fava bean season. From the rotation system scale, there were no significant differences in NUE and nitrogen surplus between the treatments. We suggest that the differences in soil conditions and crop requirements between seasons play significant roles in the response of nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization to OSM. Based on these differences, OSM achieves inter‐seasonal synergy in soil N pools and crop uptake, and results in yield stabilization and soil nitrogen accumulation. Because of its high capacity for improving soil quality while ensuring no yield reduction, OSM has the potential to curb regional soil degradation in paddy‐upland rotation areas where there is increasing demand for food and chemical fertilizers are currently abused.
Lipid‐based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hao Yang , Ji Zhonghao , Zhou Hengzong , Wu Dongrun , Gu Zili , Wang Dongxu , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable success in cancer treatment. However, in cancer patients without sufficient antitumor immunity, numerous data indicate that blocking the negative signals elicited by immune checkpoints is ineffective. Drugs that stimulate immune activation‐related pathways are emerging as another route for improving immunotherapy. In addition, the development of nanotechnology presents a promising platform for tissue and cell type‐specific delivery and improved uptake of immunomodulatory agents, ultimately leading to enhanced cancer immunotherapy and reduced side effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest developments in nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer immuno‐oncology therapy with a focus on lipid‐based NPs (lipid‐NPs), including the characteristics and advantages of various types. Using the agonists targeting stimulation of the interferon genes (STING) transmembrane protein as an exemplar, we review the potential of various lipid‐NPs to augment STING agonist therapy. Furthermore, we present recent findings and underlying mechanisms on how STING pathway activation fosters antitumor immunity and regulates the tumor microenvironment and provide a summary of the distinct STING agonists in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Ultimately, we conduct a critical assessment of the obstacles and future directions in the utilization of lipid‐NPs to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Evolutionary mechanism of green technology innovation behavior in the operation period of construction and demolition waste recycling public–private partnership projects
Authors: Xu Shiqi , Yin Wenjun , Li Xingwei , Chen Weihong , Yi Beiyu , Wang Yongquan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to disclose the evolutionary mechanism of banks' green credit and construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling enterprises' green technology innovation behavior during the operation period of CDW recycling public–private partnership projects with absorptive capacity theory. The conclusions are as follows. First, the government subsidy coefficient has a positive effect on the evolution of banks to participate in green credit. Second, absorptive capacity and the level of collaboration have a positive effect on the evolution of CDW recycling enterprises to collaborative innovation. Third, CDW recycling enterprises' green technology innovation behavior interacts with banks' green credit participation strategy.
Overview of the Mechanistic Potential of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Bahuguna Ananya , Dubey Shiv Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite of strides in modern cancer therapeutic strategies, there has not been a successful cure for it until now and prognostic side effects and substantial toxicity to chemotherapy and subsequent homeostatic imbalance remains a major concern for professionals in this field. The significance of the human microbiome in the pathogenesis of cancer is being recognized, documented, and established worldwide. Probiotics and prebiotics are some of the most extensively researched approaches to modulate the microbiota for therapeutic purposes, and research on their potential to prevent and treat cancer has sparked an immense amount of interest. The characteristics of probiotics and prebiotics allow for an array of efficient applications in cancer preventive measures. Probiotics can also be administered coupled with chemotherapy and surgery to alleviate their side effects and help promote the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs. Besides showing promising results they are accompanied by potential risks and controversies that may eventually result in clinical repercussions. This review emphasizes the mechanistic potential and oncosuppressive effects of probiotic and prebiotics through maintenance of intestinal barrier function, modifying innate immune system, immunomodulation, intestinal microbiota metabolism, inhibition of host cell proliferation, preventing pathogen colonization, and exerting selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Skin fibroblast functional heterogeneity in health and disease
Authors: Bensa Tjaša , Tekkela Stavroula , Rognoni Emanuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFibroblasts are the major cell population of connective tissue, including the skin dermis, and are best known for their function in depositing and remodelling the extracellular matrix. Besides their role in extracellular matrix homeostasis, fibroblasts have emerged as key players in many biological processes ranging from tissue immunity and wound healing to hair follicle development. Recent advances in single‐cell RNA‐sequencing technologies have revealed an astonishing transcriptional fibroblast heterogeneity in the skin and other organs. A key challenge in the field is to understand the functional relevance and significance of the identified new cell clusters in health and disease. Here, we discuss the functionally distinct fibroblast subtypes identified in skin homeostasis and repair and how they evolve in fibrotic disease conditions, in particular keloid scars and cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Physico‐mechanical, and thermal properties of sisal/hemp/Kevlar fibers, fly ash and Titanium Carbide nanoparticles reinforced bioepoxy composites
Authors: Hemanth Mohit , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart , Ramalingam Ruban , Marwani Hadi M. , Khan Anish , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation, the chemically treated and untreated sisal/hemp fibers, fly ash or titanium carbide (TiC) nanofillers, and Kevlar fabrics reinforced bio epoxy (Sr 56) polymer matrix were manufactured using the wet layup method. Experimentation was performed to study the physical, mechanical and thermal properties. This investigation also includes determining the influence of accelerated weathering on the specimen surface for 5 months. The tensile fracture of the sample before and after the accelerated weathering from scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures exhibited that the extensive failure principles in the laminates in terms of matrix cracking, fiber breakage, delamination, and fiber pull out. The thermal analysis examined the onset, endset temperature, transition loss, and carbon residue which were also reduced after the accelerated weathering. It exhibits that adding fly ash or TiC nanoparticles as an altered inhibitor against the weathering in the bio epoxy hybrid composite scheme can reduce the undesirable impacts from moisture and Ultra‐violet light exposure.Highlights
Sisal/hemp fibers were chemically treated to reduce hydrophilicity.
Contact angle of KSCHCTBE56 improved to 84.04°.
SEM confirmed uniform dispersion of fillers and enhance mechanical strength.
Mechanical and thermal characteristics reduced after accelerated weathering.
Coupling between hydrolysis and mechanical relaxation in an ester‐based polyurethane network
Authors: Taourit Sabrina , Le Gac Pierre‐Yves , Fayolle Bruno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we first investigate the impact of a chain scission process due to hydrolysis on the relaxation behavior of an elastomer. We then explore the possible influence of a deformed state on the chemical reactions associated with hydrolysis. To perform the experiments coupling mechanical relaxation and hydrolysis, we select not only specific conditions such as the type of elastomer but also severe conditions such as immersions at high temperatures. Here, an ester‐based polyurethane network is chosen to easily hydrolyze the ester function, thus leading to a chain scission process. In addition, relaxation tests are performed in water at several temperatures (i.e., 40, 60, and 80 °C) to accelerate the hydrolysis rate. Results show that a deformed state does not accelerate the hydrolysis rate. However, a chain scission process clearly modifies the relaxation behavior. Finally, this behavior is modeled by coupling the chain scission kinetics with the relaxation time based on the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts approach.
Calculation of Phase 2 dose‐finding study sample size for reliable Phase 3 dose selection
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhao Qing , Rodgers Anthony J. , Mehrotra Devan V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSample sizes of Phase 2 dose‐finding studies, usually determined based on a power requirement to detect a significant dose–response relationship, will generally not provide adequate precision for Phase 3 target dose selection. We propose to calculate the sample size of a dose‐finding study based on the probability of successfully identifying the target dose within an acceptable range (e.g., 80%–120% of the target) using the multiple comparison and modeling procedure (MCP‐Mod). With the proposed approach, different design options for the Phase 2 dose‐finding study can also be compared. Due to inherent uncertainty around an assumed true dose–response relationship, sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the sample size calculations to deviations from modeling assumptions are recommended. Planning for a hypothetical Phase 2 dose‐finding study is used to illustrate the main points. Codes for the proposed approach is available at https://github.com/happysundae/posMCPMod.
Validation of the percolation‐based effective‐medium approximation model to estimate soil thermal conductivity
Authors: Patrignani Andres , Ghanbarian Behzad , Kluitenberg Gerard J. , Parker Nathaniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSoil thermal conductivity (λ) has broad applications in soil science, hydrology, and engineering. In this study, we applied the percolation‐based effective‐medium approximation (P‐EMA) to estimate the saturation dependence of thermal conductivity () using data from 38 undisturbed soil samples collected across the state of Kansas. The P‐EMA model has four parameters including a scaling exponent (ts), critical water content (θc), and thermal conductivities at oven‐dry (λdry) and full saturation (λsat) conditions. To estimate the curve, the values of λdry and λsat were measured using a soil thermal properties analyzer and the values of ts and θc were estimated as a function of clay content. Thermal conductivity was also estimated using the Johansen model. By comparison with observations, the P‐EMA model resulted in a root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.029 to 0.158 W m−1 K−1, whereas the Johansen model had an RMSE ranging from 0.021 to 0.173 W m−1 K−1. Our results demonstrate that the P‐EMA model has comparable accuracy to the widely used Johansen model to estimate the saturation‐dependent soil thermal conductivity of undisturbed soils with minimal input parameters. Future studies should focus on better understanding the physical meaning of ts and θc in the P‐EMA model to improve our ability to model thermal conductivity in undisturbed soil from percolation principles.
Recent Advances in Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Acar Tuğba , Nur Çimen Kübra , Özalp Elif , Ilıca Öznur , Ahlatcıoğlu Özerol Esma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiosensors are very crucial applications in the medical field because of their stability, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and linearity. Conducting polymers (CPs), which stand out with their electrical conductivity and easily synthesize and process, are used to improve the properties of biosensors. CPs are organic materials preferred in biosensor use because of both electrical and optical properties, biocompatible, thermal and environmental stability. In this review, a detailed analysis of the literature on biosensors based on conductive polymers and their biomedical applications has been made. It has been presented that conductive polymer‐based biosensors have an important role in biomedical applications.
Enhancement of Fluorescence Emission Intensity in a Sulfonyl Hydrazide Derivative of tri(biphenyl‐4‐yl)amine via Solid‐state Grinding with Various Metal Salts: Combined Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Mahto Amit Kumar , Kuldeep  , Barik Sahadev , Gajula Ramesh Kumar , Sarkar Moloy , Prakash M. Jaya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolid‐state fluorescent materials are in huge demand owing to their potential applications in sensors, imaging, and LEDs. The molecular aggregations in the solid state limit their usage in practical applications. Typically, J‐aggregates show enhanced emission, while H‐aggregates show quenching in the solid state. Few supramolecular approaches (like creating hydrogen bonds) were developed to disturb the π–π and other supramolecular interactions in solid‐state H‐aggregates. Herein, we are reporting a p‐toulenesulfonyl hydrazide derivative of tri(biphenyl‐4‐yl)amine (TBA‐THZ) in the solid state showed negligible emission while grinding with M+X− (M+=alkali and alkali earth metal) salts showed enhanced emission. Existing supramolecular interactions were disturbed by dipole‐ion interactions between S=O⋅⋅⋅M+. The micro/nanometer‐sized salt crystal particles serve as templates for the TBA‐THZ molecules, and in the broad sense, the salt crystal surfaces act as a “solid‐state solvent.” The TBA‐THZ ground with various metal salts showed varied emission intensities; the BaCl2 ⋅ 2H2O salt ground sample exhibited the maximum emission intensity. The KPF6+18‐Crown‐6 sample showed 84 times enhanced emission than the pristine TBA‐THZ. The role of 18‐crown‐6 ether was observed as a donor type for K+ ions. The expected S=O⋅⋅⋅K+ dipole‐ion interactions were elucidated through FT‐IR and computational modelling. The slight change in emission wavelength to the higher side after grinding with metal salt indicates that dipole‐ion interactions might slightly modify the chromophore's electronic structure, encouraging radiative decay and higher emission intensity. In contrast, a similar molecule, TBA‐PH, with no sulfonyl functional group, was silent in emission intensity. The TBA‐PH solid has no significant emission even after grinding with metal salts. The emission capacity of the TBA‐THZ salt‐ground powder remained unchanged at higher temperatures and in a highly humid environment. The fluorescent active salt ground matrix of the TBA‐THZ responded admirably to HCl acid fumes and was regenerated upon exposure to ammonia vapours.
Relaxation Times of Ionic Liquids under Electrochemical Conditions Probed by Friction Force Microscopy
Authors: Hausen Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) represent an important class of liquids considered for a broad range of applications such as lubrication, catalysis, or as electrolytes in batteries. It is well‐known that in the case of charged surfaces, ILs form a pronounced layer structure that can be easily triggered by an externally applied electrode potential. Information about the time required to form a stable interface under varying electrode potentials is of utmost importance in many applications. For the first time, probing of relaxation times of ILs by friction force microscopy is demonstrated. The friction force is extremely sensitive to even subtle changes in the interfacial configuration of ILs. Various relaxation processes with different time scales are observed. A significant difference dependent on the direction of switching the applied potential, i.e., from a more cation‐rich to a more anion‐rich interface or vice versa, is found. Furthermore, variations in height immediately after the potential step and the presence of trace amounts of water are discussed as well.
Proanthocyanidins inhibited colorectal cancer stem cell characteristics through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Chen Yuzhuo , Yang Zhirong , He Xingqiang , Zhu Wanglong , Wang Yujun , Li Jiaofeng , Han Zhengyu , Wen Jie , Liu Wei , Yang Yuhan , Zhang Kun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumor cell growth, drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Proanthocyanidins (PC) is widely existed in plants and endowed with powerful antioxidant and anti‐aging effects. Interestingly, recent studies have found that PC exhibits the inhibitory effect on tumor growth. However, the role of PC in CSCs of colorectal cancer (CRC) and molecular mechanism remain unclear.MethodsCCK‐8, colony, and tumorsphere formation assay were used to evaluate cancer cell viability and stemness, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression. Tumor xenograft experiments were employed to examine the tumorigenicity of CRC cells in nude mice.ResultsPC decreased the proliferation of CRC cells (HT29 and HCT‐116), and improved the sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin (L‐OHP), as well as inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Further studies showed that PC also down‐regulated CSCs surface molecular and stemness transcriptional factors, while suppressed the formations of tumorspheres and cell colony in CRC. In addition, PC‐impaired proteins expressions of p‐GSK3β, β‐catenin and DVL1‐3. LiCl, an activator of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, rescued PC‐induced downregulation of CSCs markers, and reduction of tumorspheres and cell colony formation abilities in CRC cells. Furthermore, the effects of PC on inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing L‐OHP sensitivity were impaired by LiCl.ConclusionsPC exerted an inhibitory effect on CSCs via Wnt/β‐catenin in CRC, and may be a potential new class of natural drug for CRC treatment.
Recent bioleaching approaches employed for the extraction of metals in mining fields for the purpose of utilization and creating the sustainable future
Authors: Devi A. Sheela , Ganesh S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecovery of the resources is considered to be a significant thing in the perspective of saving the cost economically and also for sustainable future utilization efficiently. Metals are extracted by mining processes in mines located on all over the world to consummate the needs put forth by the developing society. But mining process was found to be possessing and creating negative impact on environment during the time of mining and even after closed completely. This negative impact mainly relies on the process which is employed during the extraction of metals. Chemical methods were conventionally used from then until today for the extraction purposes. But it was reported that it has been severely affecting the surroundings. So, many mining industries started to find out the way for shifting themselves towards eco‐friendly procedures. As a result, microorganisms are employed to promote the process towards non‐polluting and naturally sustainable way. This process of using microorganisms for the extraction purposes was termed as bioleaching. It is now regarded as one of the effective ways for extraction purposes, but in limited cases. So, rather than using the chemical leaching method which highly includes chemical reactions that may be toxic or non‐toxic, this bioleaching method could be followed for its cost‐effective nature. It is a more environmentally friendly method when compared with traditional methods of industrial mining. Bacterial and Fungal species were importantly used for carrying out bioleaching. This method has now become a possible thing because of biotechnological improvements and advancements. It is also worth to note here that many researches have been going on currently to study the diversity of this concept. This article mainly aims at elucidating the overall concept of bioleaching using microorganisms in the mining industry as well as its mechanisms, applications, recent advancements and its future expectations.