bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical effect of antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus‐related decompensated cirrhosis and undetectable DNA
Authors: Lee Han Ah , Lee Young‐Sun , Jung Young Kul , Kim Ji Hoon , Yim Hyung Joon , Yeon Jong Eun , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAntiviral therapy (AVT) is the mainstay of hepatitis B virus (HBV) management. We investigated whether AVT improves the outcomes of HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis and undetectable HBV‐DNA.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2017, treatment‐naïve patients with HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis and undetectable HBV‐DNA were recruited from two tertiary hospitals. The endpoints included death and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).ResultsA total of 429 patients were analyzed (50 and 379 patients in the AVT and non‐AVT groups, respectively). Patients in the AVT group were significantly younger and had higher alanine aminotransferase and alpha‐fetoprotein levels than those in the non‐AVT group (all P < 0.05). During follow‐up (median 49.6 months), 98 patients died and 105 developed HCC. The cumulative incidence rates of death (2.0%, 4.1%, and 6.4%, and 4.9%, 7.2%, and 10.2% at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively) and HCC (8.6%, 15.8%, and 26.4% vs 1.6%, 7.7%, and 24.4% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively) were statistically comparable between the AVT and non‐AVT groups (all P > 0.05). Using Cox regression analysis, AVT was not significantly associated with death nor HCC (all P > 0.05). Similar results were observed after balancing baseline characteristics with inverse probability of treatment weighting. In the non‐AVT group, the cumulative incidence rates of HBV‐DNA detection at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 2.0%, 3.1%, and 6.4%, respectively.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy did not attenuate the risk of death nor HCC in patients with HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis and undetectable HBV‐DNA.
Brief emotion‐focused family therapy: A 12‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Foroughe Mirisse , Browne Dillon T. , Thambipillai Prakash , Cordeiro Kristina , Muller Robert T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study provides a 12‐month follow‐up evaluation of caregivers after participating in a 2‐day Emotion‐focused family therapy (EFFT) intensive, a brief intervention for caregivers of youth struggling with mental health difficulties. Caregivers (N = 498) of children (N = 337) completed measures of caregiver self‐efficacy and child mental health difficulties 1 week before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and at 4, 8, and 12‐month follow‐ups. Piecewise latent trajectory models revealed that parental self‐efficacy showed a large immediate increase following the intervention, β = 1.61 (1.32, 2.14), and although this effect was attenuated by 4 months, β = −0.77 (−1.31, −0.52), it did not change further by 12 months. Reductions in child mental health difficulties were observed by 4 months, β = −0.54 (−0.77, −0.37), and remained stable through the 12‐month follow‐up. Caregivers reporting more increases in self‐efficacy also reported greater reductions in their children's symptoms at 4 and 12 months.
A comparison of classroom‐based and online multicultural training course within a marriage and family therapy training program
Authors: Rivera Peter M. , Armes Stephanie , Cheon Hee‐Sun , Prouty Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study contributes to an emerging area of research on online learning within marriage and family therapy training programs while responding to the need for research on the effectiveness of multicultural training marriage and family therapists receive. Using 32 students in a marriage and family therapy program and a pretest–posttest design, this study focused on student outcomes across a classroom‐based multicultural training course and an online section of the same course. Support was found for the effectiveness of each instructional modality in delivering multicultural training. Findings also indicated that student gains did not significantly differ across students in the two course sections. This is the first study to provide evidence that online learning does not compromise the effectiveness of multicultural training for marriage and family therapists and adds evidence to the claim that the multicultural training marriage and family therapists receive is effective in achieving its aims.
A single‐chain fragment constant design enables easy production of a monovalent blood–brain barrier transporter and provides an improved brain uptake at elevated doses
Authors: Morrison Jamie I. , Metzendorf Nicole G. , Rofo Fadi , Petrovic Alex , Hultqvist Greta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interest for developing antibody‐driven therapeutic interventions has exponentially grown over the last few decades. Even though there have been promising leaps in the development of efficacious antibody therapies, problems revolving around production and site‐directed delivery of these large macromolecules persist. This is especially pertinent when it comes to designing and producing antibodies to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to tackle neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most effective approaches to alleviating this problem is to employ a “Trojan Horse” approach, using receptor‐mediated transcytosis, such as those governed by the transferrin receptor (TfR)‐mediated pathways, to deliver large protein payloads into the brain. Even though this method is effective, ideal limiting factors, related to how the antibody binds to the TfR, need to be elucidated to improve BBB penetrance. With this said, we have designed and produced a single‐chain Fc antibody, conjugated to an scFv8D3 TfR binding motif, creating a single‐chain monovalent BBB transporter (scFc‐scFv8D3). This recombinant protein is easy to produce and purify, demonstrates monovalent binding to the TfR and is structurally stable at physiologically relevant temperatures. Using an in vitro BBB model system, we show a positive correlation between the concentration of administered antibody and transcytosis efficacy, with scFc‐scFv8D3 demonstrating significantly higher transcytosis levels compared with scFv8D3‐conjugated bivalent antibodies at elevated administered concentrations. Furthermore, in vivo studies recapitulate the in vitro results, with the scFc‐scFv8D3 demonstrating an elevated brain uptake at higher therapeutic doses in wild‐type mice, comparable with that of the scFv8D3‐conjugated bivalent antibody control. In addition, the half‐life of the single‐chain monovalent BBB transporter is comparable with that of standard IgG antibodies, indicating that the scFc format does not exacerbate physiological degradation. Our results lead us to the conclusion that valency and affinity are important variables to consider when discerning optimal transport across the BBB using TfR‐mediated transcytosis pathways. In addition, we believe the single‐chain Fc antibody we have described, which can easily be manipulated to accommodate a bispecific target tactic, provides a simple and efficacious approach for delivering therapeutic payloads to the brain milieu.image
Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: GABAA receptor neurotransmission and epilepsy: Principles, disease mechanisms and pharmacotherapy
Authors: Bryson Alexander , Reid Christopher , Petrou Steven 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with alterations of excitation‐inhibition balance within brain neuronal networks. GABAA receptor neurotransmission is the most prevalent form of inhibitory neurotransmission and is strongly implicated in both the pathophysiology and treatment of epilepsy, serving as a primary target for antiseizure medications for over a century. It is now established that GABA exerts a multifaceted influence through an array of GABAA receptor subtypes that extends far beyond simply negating excitatory activity. As the role of GABAA neurotransmission within inhibitory circuits is elaborated, this will enable the development of precision therapies that correct the network dysfunction underlying epileptic pathology.image
The needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care: An integrative review
Authors: Cabote Christy , Salamonson Yenna , Trajkovski Suza , Maneze Della , Montayre Jed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo synthesise information about the needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care from the perspectives of the residents, families and care staff.BackgroundOlder people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care have care needs that are complex. Identifying these needs is critical to ensure quality care is delivered.DesignAn integrative review of literature.MethodsFive databases were searched for relevant articles: APA PsychINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. The search and screening were guided by PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafl's five‐step framework.ResultsFifteen papers were included in this review consisting of 4 quantitative, 9 qualitative and 2 mixed method studies. Two themes described the needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care. The first was related to culture‐specific needs, and the second was related to dementia‐specific care needs. Culture‐specific needs comprised of three subthemes: (a) common language, (b) traditional food, and (c) social and spiritual requirements. Dementia‐specific needs comprised of (a) focusing on comfort in addition to clinical requirements and (b) individualised care that addresses behavioural symptoms of dementia.ConclusionsIdentifying and meeting the needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds will improve quality care delivery in addition to increased caregiving satisfaction among residents, families and care staff, and the management of behaviours that characterise dementia.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCare needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in the residential setting can be complex. Education and training of care staff including nurses must be considered so that provision of care is inclusive of the cultural and dementia needs for older people in residential aged care.
Evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels on hospital admission as a correlate of protection against mortality
Authors: Mink Sylvia , List Wolfgang , Hoefle Guenter , Frick Matthias , Suessenbacher Alois , Winder Thomas , Fetz Cornelia , Boesl Andreas , Saely Christoph H. , Drexel Heinz , Fraunberger Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMillions of people have now been vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, it is still unclear which antibody levels provide protection against mortality. It is further unknown whether measuring antibody concentrations on hospital admission allows for identifying patients with a high risk of mortality.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether anti‐SARS‐CoV2‐spike antibodies on hospital admission predict in‐hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicentre cohort study on 1152 hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 with a polymerase chain reaction–based assay. Patients were classified by vaccination status. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibodies were determined on hospital admission. The investigated end point was in‐hospital mortality for any cause.ResultsSpike antibodies on hospital admission were significantly lower in non‐survivors in both non‐vaccinated (73 U/ml, 95%CI 0–164 vs. 175 U/ml, 95%CI 124–235, p = 0.002) and vaccinated patients (1056 U/ml, 95%CI 701–1411 vs. 1668 U/ml, 95%CI 1580–1757, p < 0.001). Further, spike antibodies were significantly lower in fully vaccinated and boostered patients who died compared to those who survived (mean 883 U/ml, 95%CI 406–1359 vs. 1292 U/ml, 95%CI 1152–1431, p = 0.017 and 1485 U/ml, 95%CI 836–2133 vs. 2050 U/ml, 95%CI 1952–2149, p = 0.036). Patients infected with the currently prevailing Omicron variant were three times more likely to die if spike antibodies were <1200 U/ml (OR 3.458, 95%CI 1.562–7.656, p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, this value increased to an aOR of 4.079 (95%CI 1.809–9.198, p < 0.001).ConclusionAnti‐SARS‐CoV2 spike‐antibody levels on hospital admission are inversely associated with in‐hospital mortality. Hospitalized patients with lower antibody levels have a higher risk of mortality.
Peripheral lymphocyte count defines the clinical phenotypes and prognosis in patients with anti‐MDA5‐positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Jin Qiwen , Fu Lijun , Yang Hongxia , Chen Xixia , Lin Sang , Huang Zhenguo , Gao Baoxiang , Tian Xiaolan , Jiang Wei , Shu Xiaoming , Lu Xin , Wang Guochun , Peng Qinglin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the role of peripheral lymphocyte count in phenotyping and prognosis prediction in dermatomyositis (DM) patients with anti‐MDA5 antibodies.MethodsIn total, 1669 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with anti‐MDA5+ DM were analyzed in association with peripheral lymphocyte counts and clusters determined by unsupervised machine learning.ResultsThe peripheral lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the anti‐MDA5+ DM group (N = 421) than in the other IIM serotype groups. The anti‐MDA5+ DM patients were divided into three groups; the severe lymphopenia group had skin ulcers and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP‐ILD); patients with a normal lymphocyte count had a younger age of onset, more frequent arthritis, and normal serum ferritin levels, whereas mild lymphopenia group showed a moderate increase of serum ferritin and intermediate incidence of RP‐ILD. Survival analysis revealed that the 3‐ and 6‐month mortality rates were significantly higher in the severe lymphopenia group (29.0% and 42.1%, respectively) than in the mild lymphopenia group and normal lymphocyte count group (p value <0.001). Consistently, unsupervised machine learning identified three similar groups; the arthritis cluster shows the highest lymphocyte counts and best prognosis; the RP‐ILD cluster presents the lowest peripheral lymphocyte, high incidence of RP‐ILD, and poor prognosis; the typical DM rash cluster had a moderate peripheral lymphocyte count and an intermediate prognosis.ConclusionsLymphopenia is a unique manifestation of anti‐MDA5+ DM. Peripheral lymphocyte count can define clinical phenotypes and predict prognosis in anti‐MDA5+ DM.
Plasma methylmalonic acid predicts risk of acute myocardial infarction and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: A prospective 2‐cohort study
Authors: Dhar Indu , Lysne Vegard , Ulvik Arve , Svingen Gard F. T. , Pedersen Eva R. , Bjørnestad Espen Ø. , Olsen Thomas , Borsholm Robert , Laupsa‐Borge Johnny , Ueland Per M. , Tell Grethe S. , Berge Rolf K. , Mellgren Gunnar , Bønaa Kaare H. , Nygård Ottar K 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundElevated plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) is reported in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) and is considered a marker of vitamin B12 deficiency. Moreover, MMA‐dependent reactions have been linked to alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress, key features in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).ObjectivesWe examined whether plasma MMA prospectively predicted the long‐term risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and mortality.Methods and resultsUsing Cox modeling, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for endpoints according to per 1‐SD increment of log‐transformed plasma MMA in two independent populations: the Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC) (patients evaluated for CHD; n = 4137) and the Norwegian Vitamin Trial (NORVIT) (patients hospitalized with AMI; n = 3525). In WECAC and NORVIT, 12.8% and 18.0% experienced an AMI, whereas 21.8% and 19.9% died, of whom 45.5% and 60.3% from CVD‐related causes during follow‐up (range 3–11 years), respectively. In WECAC, age‐ and gender‐adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) were 1.18 (1.09–1.28), 1.25 (1.18–1.33), and 1.28 (1.17–1.40) for future AMI, total mortality, and CVD mortality, respectively. Corresponding risk estimates were 1.19 (1.10–1.28), 1.22 (1.14–1.31), and 1.30 (1.19–1.42) in NORVIT. These estimates were only slightly attenuated after multivariable adjustments. Across both cohorts, the MMA‐risk association was stronger in older adults, women, and non‐smokers.ConclusionsElevated MMA was associated with an increased risk of AMI and mortality in patients with suspected or verified CHD.
Tongue strength and clinical correlations in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Plaza Exequiel , Busanello‐Stella Angela Ruviaro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Parkinson's disease present affected lingual functioning at some stage of the progression of the disease. The objective was to determine the strength and endurance values of the tongue in PD subjects and whether weakness in tongue lift may be an indicator of disease progression.ObjectiveTo determine the strength and endurance values of the tongue in PD subjects and whether weakness in tongue lift may be an indicator of disease progression.MethodsSixty subjects performed tasks of tongue to palate maximum isometric pressure (MIP) and sustained 50% of MIP for endurance. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument was used as evaluation tool. Selected domains of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL‐QOL) related to tongue pressure were considered. Variables of sex, age, disease duration, disease progression (Hoehn & Yahr stage) and body mass index were selected for association analysis.ResultsTongue MIP ranged from 16 to 48 kPa (mean = 33.43 kPa), which was significantly lower than normal reference values. Likewise, tongue endurance was significantly diminished. Analysis of variance showed differences in tongue strength between stages of disease progression F(3) = 6.503, p = .001, but not for endurance. Subjects in stage IV exhibited the lowest values. No sex effect was found. Tongue strength showed significant correlations with SWAL‐QOL domains such as food selection, symptoms frequency and eating duration.ConclusionTongue strength and endurance are significantly reduced in Parkinson's disease. Tongue strength is higher in the early stage of the disease and significantly different from that of more severe stages, emerging the notion that tongue strength is a sensitive indicator of disease progression. Selected items regarding swallowing quality of life are strongly associated with tongue strength.
Role of craniofacial phenotypes in the response to oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ma Yanyan , Yu Min , Gao Xuemei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMandibular advancement device (MAD) is a good alternative for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the treatment response varies amongst individuals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of craniofacial features in the response to MADs to improve prognostication and patient selection.MethodsThe retrospective trial contained 42 males aged 41.5 ± 9.0 years, and with an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of 21.5 ± 13.8 events/h. According to the mandibular plane angle, participants were divided into three groups: low angle (n = 13), average angle (n = 14) and high angle (n = 15). Under the monitoring of home sleep testing, adjustable MADs were used to titrate the mandible forward from 0 mm with an increment of 0.5 mm every day. The polysomnography outcomes, mandibular protrusion amounts, changes in upper airway MRI measurements and nasal resistance were compared amongst the three groups.ResultsThe normalisation rate (AHI <5 /h) was 92.3%, 57.1% and 46.7%, respectively, in the low‐, average‐ and high‐angle groups (p = .027). The effective protrusion where AHI was reduced by half was 20 (11.3 ~ 37.5) %, 31.3 (23.6 ~ 50) % and 50 (36.9 ~ 64.9) % of the maximal mandibular protrusion, in the low‐, average‐ and high‐angle groups (p = .004). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that increased gonion angle (OR = 0.878) and baseline AHI(OR = 0.868) can reduce the probability of normalisation.ConclusionThe high mandibular plane angle might be an unfavourable factor to MAD treatment and more protrusion was needed to achieve a 50% reduction in AHI. Vertical craniofacial pattern (gonion angle) and baseline AHI constituted the model for predicting the effect of MADs.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adult obstructive sleep apnoea patients: A cross‐sectional controlled study
Authors: Bartolucci Maria Lavinia , Bortolotti Francesco , Pelligra Irene , Stipa Chiara , Sorrenti Giovanni , Incerti‐Parenti Serena , Alessandri‐Bonetti Giulio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways during sleep and it has been associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) on the basis of several pathophysiological hypotheses.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of TMDs in a population of patients affected by OSA compared to a control group of subjects not affected by OSA.MethodsA cross‐sectional controlled study was conducted on a group subjects studied by polygraphy (PG) at the snoring section of the ENT department, Sant'Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital – University of Bologna. Patients who received a diagnosis of OSA were included in the study group and subjects with a negative PG diagnosis for Sleep Disordered Breathing and PG respiratory pattern that did not suggest the occurrence of sleep disorders were enrolled in the control group. Both the subjects included in the study group and the control group underwent an examination following the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I and II.ResultsForty‐three OSA patients (29 M, 16 F, mean age 52.26 ± 11.40) and 43 healthy controls (25 M, 18 F, mean age 49.95 ± 7.59) were included in the study. No significant differences were found between groups in demographic data. TMD prevalence and Axis II results did not differ between groups.ConclusionsThis paper does not highlight a higher prevalence of TMDs in adults with OSA compared to healthy controls. Further high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the results and to give possible pathophysiological explanations, providing reliable evidence.