bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Editorial Gauntlet for Excellence in Radiology Publishing
Authors: Mohan Chander , Singhal Manphool , Verma Ashish 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAny scientific journal of repute constantly strives to ensure the highest possible quality, integrity, and ethical standards of published research. This article attempts to the highlight multifaceted responsibilities of an Editor in Chief (EiC) and editors such as managing the peer review process, detecting plagiarism, and ensuring quality of selected manuscript before publication. The EiC also has to tackle issues of salami slicing, duplicate submissions, secondary publications, and guest and ghost authorship while adhering to constantly evolving guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The EiC has to ensure adherence to journal guidelines, confidentiality in rigorous review by motivated reviewers, preventing reviewer burnout, incentivization of reviewers, and the review by biostatistician of manuscripts having large data set for appropriateness of statistical analysis. This article emphasizes the decision-making strategies to balance quality with timely publication, maintaining confidentiality, and managing conflicts of interest by the EiC. It also discusses the role of the EiC in educating prospective authors and residents on academic writing, and the optimal utilization of an advisory board to advance the journal's mission. Finally, the EiC's role in managing permissions for the reuse of published images, collaborating with editors of other journals, and enhancing the journal's indexing and impact factor is underscored. This article provides essential best practices for maintaining high ethical and publication standards in radiology journals and the maze that the editor has to wade through in ensuring all of these. In addition, the EiC needs to maintain the highest level of motivation throughout the tenure as it is an honorary responsibility undertaken voluntarily.
Simulation of high signal-to-noise ratio resonant photodetector for homodyne measurement and its verification
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Liu Wei , Niu Xuyin , Wu Guangqian , Dong Ruifang 
Published: January 2025

In this paper, two models for simulating the shot noise and electronic noise performances of resonant photodetectors designed for homodyne measurements are presented. One is based on a combination of a buffer and a low-noise amplifier, and the other is based on an operational amplifier. Through the comparisons between the numerical simulation results and the experimentally obtained data, excellent agreements are achieved, which show that the models provide a highly efficient guide for the development of a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resonant photodetector. Furthermore, we demonstrate a high SNR resonant photodetector for homodyne measurements at the 147 MHz optical sideband, achieving a 20.8 dB SNR of the shot noise to the electronic noise with a 2 mW optical signal input, utilizing a combination of a buffer and a low-noise amplifier. Concurrently, we have obtained another resonant photodetector at the 1.14 GHz optical sideband, which exhibits a 13 dB SNR based on an operational amplifier.
Enhancing visible luminescence in sprayed-ZnO nanostructure through Cu doping
Authors: Bedia Fatima Zohra , Bedia Asma , Bedia Sidi Mohammed , Maloufi Nabila , Aillerie Michel , Rahmoun Khadidja 
Published: January 2025

Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) is a low-cost, oxide-friendly material synthesized in various ratios (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) via spray pyrolysis on a glass substrate at 350 °C. SEM images revealed that the CZO films consist of aggregated spherical nanoparticles, each with a diameter of less than 20 nm. XRD and Raman measurements confirmed that the CZO thin films exhibit a polycrystalline wurtzite structure with a preferential 101̄1 orientation. The role of defects influencing the luminescence behavior of CZO films in the visible spectrum was investigated. Increasing the Cu content in ZnO crystals enhanced and produced four distinct color emissions in the visible photoluminescence spectrum: blue, green, yellow, and red. This rare occurrence in sprayed ZnO films is attributed to various defects, with the most prominent one being oxygen vacancies (Vo+–Vo++), zinc interstitials (Zni), and oxygen interstitials (Oi). Notably, the defects significantly decreased with the addition of 2 at. % Cu, unequivocally linked to the emergence of Zn vacancies (VZn). An increase in defects in the ZnO crystal leads to bandgap narrowing, from 3.273 to 3.202 eV. This study demonstrates that CZO films, synthesized through a cost-effective and straightforward method, are well-suited for optoelectronic applications.
Modelling and mapping burn severity of prescribed and wildfires across the southeastern United States (2000–2022)
Authors: Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Menick Casey E. , Picotte Joshua J. , Robertson Kevin M. , Nowell Holly K. , Matechik Chris , Hawbaker Todd J. 
Published: January 2025

Background The southeastern United States (‘Southeast’) experiences high levels of fire activity, but the preponderance of small and prescribed fires means that existing burn severity products are incomplete across the region. Aims We developed and applied a burn severity model across the Southeast to enhance our understanding of regional burn severity patterns. Methods We used Composite Burn Index (CBI) plot data from across the conterminous US (CONUS) to train a gradient-boosted decision tree model. The model was optimised for the Southeast and applied to the annual Landsat Burned Area product for 2000–2022 across the region. Key results The burn severity model had a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.48 (R2 = 0.70) and 0.50 (R2 = 0.37) for the CONUS and Southeast, respectively. The Southeast, relative to CONUS, had lower mean absolute residuals in low and moderate burn severity categories. Burn severity was consistently lower in areas affected by prescribed burns relative to wildfires. Conclusions Although regional performance was limited by a lack of high burn severity CBI plots, the burn severity dataset demonstrated patterns consistent with low-severity, frequent fire regimes characteristic of Southeastern ecosystems. Implications More complete data on burn severity will enhance regional management of fire-dependent ecosystems and improve estimates of fuels and fire emissions.
The Small Bang
Authors: Hantgan Abbie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Language isolates, often viewed as remnants of past linguistic diversity, are predominantly spoken
at the edges of dominant linguistic areas. This study explores the origins of the Bangime isolate and its Bangande
speakers. By correlating loan words associated with agriculture with interdisciplinary data, the paper focuses on West
African crops like millet and sorghum to suggest a Bangande migration timeline. This research contributes to a study
on the origins of loan words for plants and animals linked to their domestication in West Africa. Preliminary results
indicate a link between early Bangime speakers and Mande communities, especially the Soninke-Bozo. It is yet to be
determined if the Bangande originally farmed in their present territories or elsewhere.
Combining disparate lines of evidence in the study of the history of language isolates, exemplified with
Mochica from Northern Peru
Authors: Urban Matthias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article provides a synthesizing discussion of different lines of evidence for the linguistic
history of the Mochica language (Northern Peru). Among the topics discussed are the inference of the former geographic
extension through toponymic study; the study of indigenous personal names as a fertile source of information on
grammatical structure, particularly the genesis and nature of an unusual numeral classifier system; internal
reconstruction; local as well as rather spectacular cases of long-distance language contact; areal typology;
sociolinguistic typology; the reconstruction of outlines of the social ecology of the language in its pre-Columbian
context; and the interdisciplinary contextualization of linguistic data with that of other disciplines that study
human prehistory. Thus, the article provides an exemplary case study of the richly textured picture which a
multi-pronged approach can paint on the history of isolates.
Introduction
Authors: Salaberri Iker , Krajewska Dorota , Santazilia Ekaitz , Zuloaga Eneko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues faced by linguists analyzing language isolates, namely their
definition, recovering their histories, and commonly used methods that implicitly rely on non-isolate status. This is
followed by a critical review of recent approaches meant to overcome these issues. We argue that the techniques used
to retrieve the history of non-isolate languages are also valid for isolates, including the comparative method applied
to dialects, internal reconstruction, the philological study of texts, the study of past and present situations of
language contact, and typological comparison. Nevertheless, we contend that new methodologies should be developed and
combined with the already existing ones. We conclude by summarizing how the papers included in this volume contribute
to the study of isolates.
Exploring null geodesic of Finslerian hairy black hole
Authors: Nekouee Z , Narasimhamurthy S K , Yashwanth B R , Sanjay T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of hairy black holes within Finsler space-time is performed based on a fundamental set of criteria. These requirements include the presence of a clearly defined event horizon and compliance with the strong energy condition for the characteristics outside the horizon. This examination is conducted through the gravitational decoupling method to describe the deformation of a Finslerian Schwarzschild (FSch) black hole due to the inclusion of additional arbitrary sources (scalar field, tensor field, fluidlike dark matter, etc). So, it is characterized by the primary hair (

L

0

=
α

l

) where the parameter

l

is linked to gauge transformations of the seed FSch metric and α is the deformation factor apart from flag curvature (λ) and mass (M). This study focuses on determining the black hole’s temperature and heat capacity, which are crucial for understanding its thermodynamic properties. Additionally, we examine how the hairy parameters influence these thermodynamic characteristics, providing a deeper understanding of the interplay between the black hole’s structure and its thermal behavior. Moreover, this paper investigates the null geodesics around the Finslerian hairy Schwarzschild black hole, where we obtain the physical parameters associated with these geodesics, including the effective potential, the photon sphere radius, and the impact parameter and investigate the effects of Finslerian parameter ε and hairy parameters (

α
,

l

) on these values. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the structure of space-time and the behavior of light in proximity to black holes.
Inhibition of Pt-InGaAs chemical reaction by Al incorporation: towards stable Pt Schottky barriers on GaAs-based alloys and compounds
Authors: Xiong Jianming , Chen Zheng , Gong Tao , Dong Jiawei , Hu Wenyu , Ma Zhenyu , Deng Yong , Zheng Jiawei , Zhang Xin , Ma Jian , Chen Longqing , Li Jinfeng , Wang Xiaoyi , Qiu Yang , Dang Manyu , Deng Huiwen , Tang Mingchu , Liu Huiyun , Zhu Jun , Ruterana Pierre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Platinum and Gallium Arsenide reaction is a common issue for the stability of Pt-GaAs contacts, where the formation of different alloys during the fabrication and operation degrades the performance of the devices. In this work, we have carried out in situ deposition of Pt on GaAs and InAlGaAs in the focused ion beam machine and carried out annealing in the high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The local strains were then determined using the geometrical phase analysis technique and the various phases were obtained by digital extraction of lattice fringes. They are mainly Pt3InGa and Pt3InGaAl metallic nanoparticles and it is shown that the occupancy of In/Ga sites by Al atoms shrinks the Pt3InGa local lattice. This strong compression of the (001) and (110) atomic plane narrows the dimer row and thus hinders the diffusion of large atoms such as In/Ga. Therefore, the Schottky barrier is stabilized as further chemical reaction of Pt-InGaAs is blocked. The highest degree of electron localization between Pt and Al atoms is further confirmed by electron localization function calculations.
High-performance microchannel plates based on atomic layer deposition for the preparation of functional layers
Authors: Lian Zhuoxi , Wang Dan , Zhu Xiangping , He Yongning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microchannel plates (MCPs) are critical devices used in electron multiplication for applications such as night vision, mass spectrometry, and particle detection. Traditional MCP fabrication using lead silicate glass faces challenges in meeting the increasing demands for high gain, long lifespan, and low noise. In this study, pursuing MCP with excellent performance, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology was employed to prepare Ru/Al2O3 composite film and Al2O3 film as the conductive layer and secondary electron emission (SEE) layer respectively in microchannels. By optimizing the ALD cycle ratio of Ru and Al2O3, process parameters that satisfy the MCP bulk resistance requirements were obtained. As the number of ALD cycles for Ru increases, the bulk resistance decreases, enabling the regulation of bulk resistance within the range of tens to hundreds of megaohms. The variation of the secondary electron yield of Al2O3 film with increasing thickness was investigated, and a preferable thickness of 5–7 nm was obtained. When the ALD cycle ratio of Ru to Al2O3 in the conductive layer is 29:10 and the thickness of the Al2O3 film in the SEE layer is 7 nm, the gain of the fabricated MCP exceeds 3 × 105 at a bias voltage of 1500 V. As well as the fabricated MCP also exhibits excellent uniformity and stability in electron multiplication. Additionally, a GaAs image intensifier utilizing the prepared MCP exhibited superior performance in field-of-view uniformity, low-light imaging, and resolution. This study makes significant engineering sense for enhancing MCP performance and expanding its applications in imaging and related fields.
Toward the first gluon parton distribution from the LaMET
Authors: Good William , Hasan Kinza , Lin Huey-Wen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present progress towards the first unpolarized gluon quasi-parton distribution function (PDF) from lattice quantum chromodynamics using high-statistics measurements for hadrons at two valence pion masses M

π
≈ 310 and 690 MeV computed on an a ≈ 0.12 fm ensemble with 2 + 1 + 1-flavors of highly improved staggered quark generated by the MILC collaboration. In this study, we consider two gluon operators for which the hybrid-ratio renormalization matching kernels have been recently derived and a third operator that has been used in prior pseudo-PDF studies of the gluon PDFs. We compare the matrix elements for each operator for both the nucleon and pion, at both pion masses, and using two gauge-smearing techniques. Focusing on the more phenomenologically studied nucleon gluon PDF, we compare the ratio and hybrid-ratio renormalized matrix elements at both pion masses and both smearings to those reconstructed from the nucleon gluon PDF from the CT18 global analysis. We identify the best choice of operator to study the gluon PDF and present the first gluon quasi-PDF under some caveats. Additionally, we explore the recent idea of Coulomb gauge fixing to improve signal at large Wilson-line displacement and find it could be a major help in improving the signal in the gluon matrix elements. This work helps identify the best operator for studying the gluon quasi-PDF, shows higher hadron boost momentum is needed to implement hybrid-ratio renormalization reliably, and suggests the need to study more diverse set of operators with their corresponding perturbative calculations for hybrid-ratio renormalization to further gluon quasi-PDF study.
Near-infrared confocal laser scanning microscope system with InGaAs focal plane array
Authors: Li Haotian , Liu Junliang , Dong Yakui , Fei Cheng , Li Yongfu , Yang Shuolin , Fan Shuzhen , Liu Yunxia , Zhao Xian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Today, more and more silicon-based chips apply new flip-chip packages to accommodate the high density and power consumption requirements of electronic products. In this case, defect detection in the flip-chip package is essential. However, silicon-based materials are opaque to visible wavelengths, making it difficult to identify defects within the chip or wafer. By utilizing the property that near-infrared (NIR) light can pass through silicon, NIR confocal imaging is a promising non-destructive method to detect defects inside silicon chips. In this study, we report an integrated NIR confocal scanning microscope system consisting of a NIR microscope and a NIR confocal scanning system, which uses an InGaAs focal plane array as a detector instead of the conventional combination of a small pinhole and a photo-multiplier tube or an avalanche photodiode. The proposed confocal scanner can detect devices of different sizes in the field of view, obtain high-contrast and three-dimensional images of the internal structure, and can be effectively employed as an in-line inspection system for detecting surface and internal defects during chip manufacturing.
Comparison of PPP-RTK performance under different regional ionospheric models
Authors: Li Bingqing , Zeng Ran , Wen Qiang , Li Guangcai , Geng Jianghui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Establishing a regional ionospheric model to provide precise ionospheric products is a prerequisite for rapid real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP-RTK). Thus, a stochastic model for these real-time ionospheric products is also crucial. In this study, we use a Wuhan regional network (average inter-station distance of about 30 km) to comparatively analyze four regional ionospheric modeling methods with commonly-used stochastic models: the inverse distance weighting model (IDW), the quasi-four-dimension ionospheric modeling (Q4DIM), the first-order polynomial function model with internal validation (POLY), and the first-order polynomial function model with external validation (POLY-EV). Our results show that, the POLY/POLY-EV model has the smallest ionospheric delay interpolation root mean square (RMS) error, regardless of whether for inside or peripheral stations of the regional network, during both quiet and active ionospheric conditions. For 4024 and 4314 one-hour samples, the PPP-RTK results show that at inside stations, all four models converge to a horizontal precision of 10 cm within two epochs, with the POLY-EV model having the highest horizontal positioning precision (a mean RMS of 0.83 cm). At the peripheral station, PPP-RTK with the POLY/POLY-EV model achieves a horizontal precision of 10 cm within two epochs, while the IDW and Q4DIM models need 4 and 43 epochs, respectively. The horizontal positioning precision of PPP-RTK using the POLY-EV model is the highest, with a mean RMS of 1.59 cm.
Stochastic model of accelerated cooling of eutectoid steel rails
Authors: Szeliga Danuta , Foryś Jakub , Jażdżewski Tomasz , Kusiak Jan , Kuziak Roman , Nadolski Rafał , Oprocha Piotr , Pietrzyk Maciej , Potorski Paweł , Rauch Łukasz , Zalecki Władysław 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper proposes a methodology for incorporating uncertainties of material behaviours in the microstructure evolution model for eutectoid steels. The stochastic model of phase transformations was developed. The model accounts for a random character of the nucleation of pearlite and bainite and the differential growth equations for these structural components are solved for the stochastic variables. The coefficients in the model were identified using inverse analysis for the results of dilatometric tests. The model was applied to simulations of the cooling of rails by subsequent immersions of the rail head in the polymer solution. Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorow phase transformations model was used to design the optimal cooling cycle. Histograms of the microstructural parameters for this optimal cycle were calculated using the developed stochastic model. It was shown that the probability distributions of the pearlite colony size, the nodule size, the interlamellar spacing and the hardness are asymmetric. The model predicted deviations of microstructural parameters and hardness from the mean values.
Microwave welding with SiCNW/PMMA nanocomposite thin films: enhanced joint strength and performance
Authors: Foong Phey Yee , Voon Chun Hong , Lim Bee Ying , Teh Pei Leng , Yeoh Cheow Keat , Parmin Nor Azizah , Gopinath Subash C B , Low Foo Wah , Abdul Rahim Nor Azura , Perumal Veeradasan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most previously reported susceptors for microwave welding are in powder form. In this study, a thin-film susceptor was employed due to its uniform heating rate and ease of handling. Silicon carbide nanowhisker (SiCNW) were incorporated into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to create a nanocomposite thin film, which served as the susceptor. The microwave welding process involved three straightforward steps: fabrication of the PMMA/SiCNW nanocomposite thin film, application of the nanocomposite film to the target area, and subsequent microwave heating. Upon cooling, a robust microwave-welded joint was formed. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints were characterized using single-lap shear tests, three-point bending tests, and scanning electron microscopy. Results demonstrated that the shear strength and elastic modulus of the welded joints were optimized with increased heating time and SiCNW filler loading. This optimization is attributed to the formation of a SiCNW-filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite layer of increasing thickness at the welded joint interface. However, the incorporation of SiCNW also constrained the mobility of the PP chains, reducing the joint’s flexibility. Furthermore, the welded joint formed with the PMMA/SiCNW nanocomposite thin-film susceptor exhibited an 18.82% improvement in shear strength compared to joints formed with a powdered SiCNW susceptor. This study not only demonstrates the potential of PMMA/SiCNW nanocomposite thin films as efficient susceptors for microwave welding but also paves the way for developing high-performance polymer-based composite joints with improved mechanical properties for applications in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.
Gyrokinetic analysis of core turbulent transport in high-β scenarios in the EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: Tan M Z , Xu J Q , Xu C Z , Wu X H , Dong J Q , Xie H S , Wang X Y , Du H R , Jiang X C , Wang Y M , Gu X , Liu B , Shi Y J , Liang Y F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
ENN is dedicated to exploring the commercialization of fusion energy by utilizing the EHL-2 spherical device as a next-generation platform. This research focuses on evaluating turbulent transport in the core ion transport barrier region of EHL-2, specifically investigating the effects of plasma β on transport features. Gyrokinetic simulation results indicate that under the typical operation scenario, transport is predominantly driven by electrostatic ion temperature gradient modes and trapped electron modes. Nevertheless, as the total β approaches 20%, nonlinear excitation of the electromagnetic mode is discovered, leading to an explosive increase in transport as well as zonal flow erosion due to enhanced magnetic fluctuations. It is also found that the external E × B rotational shear is only effective in suppressing the turbulence when the electromagnetic modes are linearly stable or nonlinearly unstable.