bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Patterns of the Chloroplast Genome in Vanilloid Orchids (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: Kim Young-Kee , Cheon Se-Hwan , Hong Ja-Ram , Kim Ki-Joong 
Published: February 2023

The Vanilloideae (vanilloids) is one of five subfamilies of Orchidaceae and is composed of fourteen genera and approximately 245 species. In this study, the six new chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of vanilloids (two Lecanorchis, two Pogonia, and two Vanilla species) were decoded, and then the evolutionary patterns of plastomes were compared to all available vanilloid plastomes. Pogonia japonica has the longest plastome, with 158,200 bp in genome size. In contrast, Lecanorchis japonica has the shortest plastome with 70,498 bp in genome size. The vanilloid plastomes have regular quadripartite structures, but the small single copy (SSC) region was drastically reduced. Two different tribes of Vanilloideae (Pogonieae and Vanilleae) showed different levels of SSC reductions. In addition, various gene losses were observed among the vanilloid plastomes. The photosynthetic vanilloids (Pogonia and Vanilla) showed signs of stage 1 degradation and had lost most of their ndh genes. The other three species (one Cyrotsia and two Lecanorchis), however, had stage 3 or stage 4 degradation and had lost almost all the genes in their plastomes, except for some housekeeping genes. The Vanilloideae were located between the Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae in the maximum likelihood tree. A total of ten rearrangements were found among ten Vanilloideae plastomes when compared to the basal Apostasioideae plastomes. The four sub-regions of the single copy (SC) region shifted into an inverted repeat (IR) region, and the other four sub-regions of the IR region shifted into the SC regions. Both the synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) substitution rates of IR in-cooperated SC sub-regions were decelerated, while the substitution rates of SC in-cooperated IR sub-regions were accelerated. A total of 20 protein-coding genes remained in mycoheterotrophic vanilloids. Almost all these protein genes show accelerated base substitution rates compared to the photosynthetic vanilloids. Two of the twenty genes in the mycoheterotrophic species faced strong “relaxed selection” pressure (p-value < 0.05).
Predictive Factors for Nasogastric Tube Removal in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Chuang Shu-Ting , Yen Ya-Hui , Hsu Honda , Lai Ming-Wei , Hung Yu-Fang , Tsai Sen-Wei 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: Stroke patients have different levels of functional impairment, and rehabilitation is essential to achieving functional recovery. Many post-stroke patients transition from acute treatment to post-acute care (PAC) with nasogastric tubes (NGTs) for rehabilitation. However, long-term NGT placement can lead to several complications, and its earlier removal can effectively reduce the incidence of mortality. This study aimed to use a PAC–cerebrovascular disease (CVD) program and physical functional evaluation scale tools to demonstrate the factors associated with NGT removal before post-stroke patient discharge. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected between January 2017 and August 2022. We divided patients who had NGTs at admission into discharged with and without NGT groups to compare their baseline characteristics and physical functional status. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the predictive factors for NGT removal. Results: There were 63 participants: 22 without NGT removal and 41 with NGT removal. The NGT removal rate was 65%. Age and scores for the activities of daily living by the Barthel index (BI), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Mini-Mental State Examination, and Concise Chinese Aphasia Test were significantly different in terms of NGT removal status, but only the BI and FOIS were significantly correlated with NGT removal. Patients’ BI scores indicating severe to moderate dependence (21–90) had a 4.55 times greater chance of NGT removal (odds ratio, 4.55; p < 0.05) than patients who had total dependence (<20). Every one-point increase in FOIS score indicated a 3.07 times greater chance of NGT removal (odds ratio, 3.07; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The BI and FOIS evaluations may indicate the probability of NGT removal in patients.
Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Properties of Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Stevia spp.: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Borgo Jimena , Elso Orlando G. , Gomez Jessica , Coll Mauro , Catalán Cesar A. N. , Mucci Juan , Alvarez Guzmán , Randall Lía M. , Barrera Patricia , Malchiodi Emilio L. , Bivona Augusto E. , Martini María Florencia , Sülsen Valeria P. 
Published: February 2023

Stevia species (Asteraceae) have been a rich source of terpenoid compounds, mainly sesquiterpene lactones, several of which show antiprotozoal activity. In the search for new trypanocidal compounds, S. satureiifolia var. satureiifolia and S. alpina were studied. Two sesquiterpene lactones, santhemoidin C and 2-oxo-8-deoxyligustrin, respectively, were isolated. These compounds were assessed in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi stages, showing IC50 values of 11.80 and 4.98 on epimastigotes, 56.08 and 26.19 on trypomastigotes and 4.88 and 20.20 µM on amastigotes, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero cells by the MTT assay. The effect of the compounds on trypanothyone reductase (TcTR), Trans-sialidase (TcTS) and the prolyl oligopeptidase of 80 kDa (Tc80) as potential molecular targets of T. cruzi was investigated. Santhemoidin C inhibited oligopeptidase activity when tested against recombinant Tc80 using a fluorometric assay, reaching an IC50 of 34.9 µM. Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction between santhemoidin C and the Tc80 protein, reaching high docking energy levels. Plasma membrane shedding and cytoplasmic vacuoles, resembling autophagosomes, were detected by transmission microscopy in parasites treated with santhemoidin C. Based on these results, santhemoidin C represents a promising candidate for further studies in the search for new molecules for the development of trypanocidal drugs.
The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania
Authors: Mengele Isaac Joseph , Shirima Gabriel Mkilema , Bwatota Shedrack Festo , Motto Shabani Kiyabo , Bronsvoort Barend Mark de Clare , Komwihangilo Daniel Mushumbusi , Lyatuu Eliamoni , Cook Elizabeth Anne Jessie , Hernandez-Castro Luis E. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at different administrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed-effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among Brucella serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs, transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions.
Ni/Au contacts to corundum α-Ga2O3
Authors: Massabuau Fabien C.-P. , Adams Francesca , Nicol David , Jarman John C. , Frentrup Martin , Roberts Joseph W. , O’Hanlon Thomas J. , Kovács Andras , Chalker Paul R. , Oliver R. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The structural, chemical and electrical properties of Ni/Au contacts to the atomic layer deposited α-Ga2O3 were investigated. Ni forms a Schottky contact with α-Ga2O3, irrespectively of the post-annealing temperature. No sign of metal oxidation was observed at the metal-semiconductor interface (unlike what is observed for other metals like Ti), and instead, the metallurgical processes of the Ni–Au bilayer dominate the electrical properties. It is found that 400 °C–450 °C is the optimal annealing temperature, which allows for metal diffusion to heal gaps at the metal/semiconductor interface, but is not sufficient for Ni and Au to significantly interdiffuse and form an alloy with compositional inhomogeneities.
A Review Report on Software Quality Measurement and Estimation
Authors: Berlas Faizan 
Published: February 2023

<p>Software quality definition encompasses six key factors. These are low levels of defects, high reliability, efficient structure that minimizes insertion of new defects during defect repairs, effective customer support, high user satisfaction, and a high defect repair rate, especially for high-severity defects. Several methods have been proposed for measuring software quality. These include fuzzy logic based frameworks, neuro fuzzy models, unsupervised learning methods, queuing models, and software quality metrics. This research paper reviews different frameworks, models, metrics, and evaluation techniques that have been published in various research papers for estimating and assessing software quality.</p>
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<p>Research publications related to software quality measurement, estimation, and assessment were collected for the literature review. These publications were accessed from online research databases that consist of open access (OA) journals. </p>
A simple disturbance observer for stator flux linkage estimation of nonlinear synchronous machines
Authors: Monzen Niklas , Pfeifer Bernd , Hackl Christoph 
Published: February 2023

<p>Synchronous machines (SMs) like reluctance synchronous machines (RSMs) or interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) are characterized by nonlinear stator flux linkages which are crucial for optimal control and operation management. This paper presents a novel disturbance observer that allows to estimate the nonlinear flux linkages online for any SM (with constant or no excitation). Moreover, a simple identification sequence with ramp-like voltage signals is proposed to extract key information of the nonlinear stator flux linkage maps within a short period of time and without the need of any controller, torque sensor or prime mover. Finally, the proposed observer with identification sequence is implemented and validated for a real and highly nonlinear IPMSM by realistic and detailed simulation results. </p>
Comparison of time-resolved millimeter-wave responses between aged and new perovskite thin films
Authors: Roy Biswadev , Chai Jingshan , Su Rui , So Franky , Wu Marvin 
Published: February 2023

<p>This paper emerged out of analyzing simultaeously obtained microwave differential absorption profiles for perovskite thin film (methyl ammonium lead iodide) 300nm thick spun on glass substrate. The film was photoexcited using a 532 nm 0.69ns pulsewidth pulsed laser and the RF voltages obtained in the averaged signal are analyzed to point out differences in the averaged signal parameters (conductance and charge transport realted parameters) for a new and an aged perovskite sample.</p>
Air pollution tolerance index of few plant species affected by auto exhaust pollution around Haridwar
Authors: Swami Abhishek , Chauhan Deepika 
Published: February 2023

Present study was carried out to determine level of tolerance of air pollution by automobile exhaust of few tree species viz, Mango (Mangifera indica),Sagon(Tectona grandis), Sal(Shorea robusta) and Eucalyptus around Haridwar. On th e basi s of total c hlorophyll conten t, asc orbic acid, pH, and rel ative moistu re con tent, air pollution tolerance index value (APTI) of above tree species was determined. Highest value of air pollution tolerance index for polluted site was recorded for Sal (11.27) and lowest (7.19) value of APTI was recorded for Eu cal yptus, whe reas i n con trol site, hi ghe st value (7.93) val ue of APTI was observed for Sagon (Tectona grandis) and lowest value (6.01) for Mango (Mangifera indica). Thus this study reveals that S. robusta is more suitable species to work as pollution sink and can be planted in areas, which are facing vehicular pollution.
Water Quality Assessment of a Polluted Urban Lake with respect to Zooplankton
Authors: Zade Suresh B. , Sitre Shashikant R. 
Published: February 2023

The plankton community is a heterogeneous group of tiny plants and animals adapted to suspension in the water bodies of the entire globe. The movements of plankton are so feeble that they essentially remain at the mercy of water currents i.e. waves and tides. The producers of the aquatic ecosystems are the plant plankton i. e. phytoplanktons while consumers are the ani mal plankton i. e. zooplank ton . Th e ph yto & zoopl ankton constitute a dynamic chain on which fish fauna sustains & grows to be useful for the benefit of mankind. The pollution of water bodies is increasing day by day and a large number of water bodies are progressing towards eutrophication. The status of a water body is known from the presence of various kinds of species in it. The organic enrichment favours growth of a large number of species in a water body which results in its growth and development. Keeping these points in view assessment of water quality of a urban water body (Sonegaon lake) situated in the Nagpur city is done during monsoon and post monsoon months to know the exact status of zooplankton speci es prevailing in lake water. The lake water is pollu ted due to Ganesh idol immersion, garl an d i mme rsi on as wel l as l oad of de te rge n ts from wash in g an d oth e r activi ti e s. Th e l ake is sl owl y progressin g towards eutrophication as evide nt from the present studies on zooplankton.
Rational design of non-convective zone of salt gradient solar pond considering turbidity and biological growth in water.
Authors: Saxena A. K. , Sugandhi S. , Hussain M. 
Published: February 2023

The optimum size of non-convective zone of a Salt Gradient Solar Pond is determined from the heat balance considerations of the storage zone. The equation governing heat flow in storage zone are simplified considering a linear heat flow through the storage zone to the upper convective zone.The radiation absorption in pond liqui d is estimated c onsideri ng the effect of various Environ mental parameters in pon d like turbidity and biological growth in it. This has made the analysis more confirming to the real work situation for a pond. The ambient parameter like temperature and radiation are accounted to vary hourly. One significant observation is that the influence of turbidity on pond’s performance is so drastic that at turbidity value higher than 0.8\NTU, the optimum Non-Convective Zone (NCZ) size is not obtained analytically.
A preliminary study of zoopalankton diversity of Ramala lake District Chandrapur, Maharashtra
Authors: Kulkarni Rajlakshmi R. , Zade S. B. , Patharde S. B. 
Published: February 2023

The present study reports the zooplankton community of Ramala lake in Chandrapur city, Maharashtra for period of 12 months from Ju ne 2006 to May 2007. The stu dy showe d muc h di versity. The lak e is one of ancient, historical, man made water body, constructed by Gond Raja of Chandrapur. Monthly variation in the abundance of zooplankton were studied during the study period of 12 months. Total 18 zooplankton species were recorded, out of which 10 rotifera species ,02 copepoda species, 01 ostracoda and 05 cladocera species were found. The roti fer Brachionus was dominated throughou t the study period.
Studies pertaining to environmental degradation caused by Fagla Landslide, Ramban area, Jammu and Kashmir State
Authors: Fotedar Amita , Verma R. K. , Fotedar B.K. , Tikoo Veerji 
Published: February 2023

Fagla landslide at a distance of 160 km from Jammu, very near to Ramban area, national highway –IA, is one of the notorious landslides in J & K. Among many other c auses, such as deforestation, high re lief bri ttle nature of rocks, the main cause of landslide revealed from field investigation is great water ingress present in the rocks in the form of springs, nallas and water falls. The problem gets compounded during excessive rains – when phyllite salty rocks develop shear joints resulting in breaking apart big rock blocks from the main mass turning in to huge scree material and finally getting accumulated on the road. For mitigation of the sli de, proper disposal of ru n off by digging well s an d connec ting the same to the hori zontals tunn els readily(Tunake model) as applied in kamenose landslide in Japan successfully, is suggested for Fagla landslide, the only strengthened by anchoring at vulnerable ponts, An adequate forest cover in the water shed areas of the landslide site from Rambvan to Anokhi fall together with growing vetiver grass in the whole belt in the northeast are other methods suggeste d to control the sli de successfully.
PENERAPAN MEDIA QUIZIZZ DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS X BUSANA 2
Authors: Muliya Muliya 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai pada penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi teks anekdot siswa kelas X Busana 2 SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya tahun 2021/ 2022, menggunakan aplikasi quizizz. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya berjumlah 29 orang. Objek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi teks anekdot dengan media Quizizz. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research), menggunakan model Kurt Lewin, terdiri dari empat komponen kegiatan yang dipandang sebagai satu siklus, yaitu: perencanaan (planning), tindakan (acting), pengamatan (observing), dan refleksi (reflecting). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil belajar siswa kelas X Busana 2 SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya yang rendah, dengan nilai rata-rata 64,82 sedangkan KKM yang ditetapkan untuk mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia adalah 70. Hasil belajar ini tentu sangat jauh dari harapan guru. Hasil belajar ini hanya menunjukkan nilai ketuntasan, 13 siswa yang tuntas dan 16 siswa tidak tuntas. Dengan memanfaatkan media Quizizz siswa mendapatkan pengalaman belajar yang menyenangkan dan interaktif, sehingga hasil belajar siswa meningkat. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan lembar kerja pada media Quizizz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media quizizz efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X Busana 2 SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya dalam pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
Post-Syntactic Linearization of Yes/No-Question Particle in Turkish
Authors: Kim Young-Hoon 
Published: February 2023

This study focuses on the linear order of the yes/no-question particle mI in Turkish. The distribution of mI is intriguing, since it must reverse the linear order with the immediately adjacent morpheme unless the morpheme immediately follows the verb root. To account for such a distribution, the linear order of mI is attributed to the interaction between two post-syntactic concatenation statements under adjacency (Local Dislocation in Embick 2007). Assuming that the question particle spells out the C[+Q] head, two ordered Local Dislocation statements account for the distribution of mI: the first statement holds between the verb root and its immediately adjacent inflectional morpheme; and the second statement is particular to T and C[+Q].
Contrastive Analysis of Adjectives of Quality of English and Fur Languages
Authors: Babiker Mohyeldeen Mohamed , Ahmad Ahmad Muhammad , Ahmed Saad Abbakar  Bakheet 
Published: February 2023

The research aims to compare and contrast adjectives of quality of English and Fur languages to find out the similarities and differences between them. The researchers have adopted contrastive methodology to do this research. They compared and contrasted adjectives of quality of in English and Fur languages. The results of the research revealed that the two languages almost share the same adjectives of quality. English and Fur adjectives of quality modify the nouns. Moreover, the both languages use their adjectives of quality attributively and predicatively. The two languages use the intensifiers to strengthen the adjectives of quality. On the other hand, the both languages belong to different language families. English is from an Indo-European language family, whereas, Fur belongs to Nilo-Saharan language family. It is very obvious that English attributive adjectives go before the nouns which they describe whereas, Fur attributive use of adjectives (boorô, mandin , toy, dɨwwô, fattâ , dɨkkô ) come after the nouns which they modify. English predicative use of adjectives slightly differs from the Fur language, because in English language they come after the verb (be) however, in Fur language they go before the verb (ii=be). In addition to the position of intensifiers in Fur language differs from English ones. The English intensifiers go before the adjectives whereas; the Fur ones go after the adjectives. The differences in adjectives of quality between the two languages result in problems encountered by the Fur learners in learning English language and vice versa.
Probing the Milky Way Stellar and Brown Dwarf Initial Mass Function with Modern Microlensing Observations
Authors: Chabrier Gilles , Lenoble Romain 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We use recent microlensing observations toward the central bulge of the Galaxy to probe the overall stellar plus brown dwarf initial mass function (IMF) in these regions well within the brown dwarf domain. We find that the IMF is consistent with the same Chabrier IMF characteristic of the Galactic disk. In contrast, other IMFs suggested in the literature overpredict the number of short-time events, and thus of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs, compared with observations. This again supports the suggestion that brown dwarfs and stars predominantly form via the same mechanism. We show that claims for different IMFs in the stellar and substellar domains arise from an incorrect parameterization of the IMF. Furthermore, we show that the IMF in the central regions of the bulge seems to be bottom-heavy, as illustrated by the large number of short-time events compared with the other regions. This recalls our previous analysis of the IMF in massive early-type galaxies and suggests the same kind of two-phase formation scenario, with the central bulge initially formed under more violent, burst-like conditions than the rest of the Galaxy.