bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Faraoskop Event: a significant moment in the history of foraging in the Western Cape, South Africa?
Authors: Parkington John , Loftus Emma , Manhire Antony , Webley Lita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Here we make the case that the interment of twelve skeletons in a small Western Cape rock shelter should be viewed as a single event. We present evidence of the partially disarticulated, clearly overlapping arrangement of human remains and the radiocarbon dating results from the individuals that point to a hasty but coordinated burial at a critical moment in the prehistory of the Cape. The moment was marked by the earliest appearance of the pastoralist lifestyle in an area previously dominated by hunting and gathering (Sadr 2015). Because, as others show (Dlamini et al., this volume), these interments are associated with peri-mortem violence, the demonstration of contemporaneity and entanglement implies a rare occurrence of so many deaths at a time when conflict between pastoralists and hunter-gatherers in the area seems likely. In describing the circumstances of bone recovery, the positioning of body parts and the associated radiocarbon ages, we lay the platform for further micro-stratigraphic, biological, genetic and isotopic studies of the twelve individuals and some contemplation on the nature of the event.
Diatomic Localization by Using Compton Scattering Effect
Authors: Ullah Maghfir , Haneef Muhammad , Khan Humayun , Dahshan Alaa , Rahim Muhammad , Akbar Jehan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Diatomic localization in a four level system is investigated by using absorption spectrum of Compton scattering beam. Information of diatomic molecules is obtained from absorption spectrum of Compton scattering beam through superposition of driving fields. Joint sharp absorption peaks are observed in a full wavelength domain, which exhibit localization of diatomic molecules. A single, double, and even many molecules are controlled in a wavelength domain of a two dimensional plane. The localization peaks have minimum uncertainty spread and have high probability of existence of the molecule within a full wave length domain. This study is hoped to be used in modern nanolithography, Bose-Einstein condensation, and Laser cooling.
In-Silico Investigations of High-Energy Density Properties and Effect of Ring Fusion on Dinitropyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Subramani Thangavel , Lakshmanan Sathya , Ponnusamy Srinivasan , Ganesan Logesh , Palanisamy Manivasakan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The molecular and high-energy density properties of isolated (3,4-dinitropyrazole, 34DNP) and fused pyrazole ring (1H,4H-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole, DNPP) systems were studied by density functional theory (DFT). The theoretically optimized geometrical parameters of both molecules are similar to the corresponding experimental geometrical values. With this Atoms In Molecules (AIM), electrostatic, Intrinsic Bond Strength Index (IBSI) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) properties of the 34DNP and DNPP molecules were studied. These studies show that one of the nitro groups in 34DNP is less stable than other nitro groups present in 34DNP and DNPP molecules. The optimized geometry, AIM analysis and NBO results confirmed that one of the C-NO2 groups in isolated dinitropyrazole 34DNP makes fewer orbital interactions with the pyrazole ring, and deviation in planarity leads to relatively less stability and acetic than the fused dinitropyrazole DNPP molecule. These studies reveal that the effect of ring fusion in dinitropyrazole derivatives may be used to design high-quality high-energy density materials.
Association Between Differences in Physical Activity Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Adults
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Ki , Kimura Yuga , Takahashi Masaki , Nakaoka Takashi , Yamada Yosuke , Ono Rei , Shibata Shigenobu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study examined the effects of the differences in free-living daily physical activity patterns on blood lipid levels in older adults. This was a cross-sectional study. The study included 51 older participants The time from awakening to bedtime was used for group classification based on the amount (number of steps) and intensity (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA) of physical activity. The morning and afternoon step groups (M Step and A Step) included those who took more steps in the morning and afternoon, respectively. The same method was used for MVPA (morning MVPA: M MVPA; afternoon MVPA: A MVPA). Blood samples were collected before the experiment to determine blood lipid levels. Number of steps taken showed a trend toward lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the M Step group compared to the A Step group. The LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio was significantly lower in the M Step group than A Step group (p < 0.05). The M MVPA group also had higher HDL-C levels and significantly lower LDL/HDL ratios than the A MVPA group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that daily morning physical activity (amount and intensity) is more effective than afternoon physical activity in improving blood lipid levels.
Associations of Muscle Mass, Bone Mineral Density, and Trabecular Bone Score in Chinese HIV-Infected Males
Authors: Zhang Zaizhu , Guan Wenmin , Xu Ying , Lin Qiang , Song Xiaojing , Li Yanling , Zhang Yi , Li Taisheng , Yu Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between muscle mass, bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in Chinese HIV-infected males.
Methods
We designed a retrospective and cross-sectional study of Chinese males with HIV. Muscle mass and BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBS iNsight software was used for TBS. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the correlations between bone parameters and muscle mass after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results
A total of 295 males were included in the study (mean age 36.49 ± 11.16 years). Low muscle mass and abnormal bone microarchitecture were observed in 105/295 (35.6%) and 96/295 (32.5%) patients, respectively. Men with low muscle mass had lower BMDs, T-scores, muscle mass and fat mass at all the evaluated sites, lower Z-score at total hip (TH) and lower percentage fat mass (PFM) than their counterparts. In the multiple linear regression model adjusted for age, BMI, CD4 + cell count, viral load, treatment status and PFM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was positively correlated with BMDs at lumbar spine (LS) and TH.
Conclusions
Low muscle mass is more common than low bone mass/ abnormal bone microarchitecture in Chinese HIV-infected males. The reduction of muscle mass was significantly associated with decreased bone mass, particularly at LS and TH.
Depletion of PIEZO1 expression is accompanied by upregulating p53 signaling in mice with perioperative neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Bai Fuhai , Huang Lu , Long Zonghong , Zhang Min , Deng Qiangting , Huang Jing , Bao Xiaohang , Hao Xianglin , Li Hong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As the common complications observed in surgical elder patients, perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) cause a series of serious perioperative health problems. However, there are no effective treatments, and the exact mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs)in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J aged mice with or without PND. Compared with the Mock group, the expression of 352, 395, and 772 genes changed significantly in the PND group at day 1, 7, and 21 after surgery, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that DEGs were mainly associated with p53 signaling. Moreover, GSEA revealed that potentially p53-related DEGs such as leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (LRRK1), monooxygenase DBH-like 1 (MOXD1), and piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1). Furthermore, we confirmed the decreased interaction of PIEZO1 with p53 in PND, and upregulation of PIEZO1 resulted in a decrease in p53 protein levels through increased ubiquitination of p53. In conclusion, this study contributes to the knowledge of global changes in gene expression and mechanisms during PND.
A novel serum calprotectin (MRP8/14) particle enhanced immuno-turbidimetric assay (sCAL turbo) helps to differentiate systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other diseases in routine clinical laboratory settings
Authors: Foell Dirk , Saers Melanie , Park Carolin , Brix Ninna , Glerup Mia , Kessel Christoph , Wittkowski Helmut , Hinze Claas , Berntson Lillemor , Fasth Anders , Myrup Charlotte , Nordal Ellen , Rygg Marite , Hasle Henrik , Albertsen Brigitte Klug , Herlin Troels , Holzinger Dirk , Niederberger Christian , Schlüter Bernhard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Differential diagnosis in children with signs of unprovoked inflammation can be challenging. In particular, differentiating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) from other diagnoses is difficult. We have recently validated the complex of myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14, also known as S100A8/A9 complex or serum calprotectin) as a helpful biomarker supporting the diagnosis of SJIA. The results were subsequently confirmed with a commercial ELISA. However, further optimization of the analytical technology is important to ensure its feasibility for large-scale use in routine laboratory settings.Methods To evaluate the accuracy in identifying children with SJIA, the performance of a particle enhanced immuno-turbidimetric assay for serum calprotectin (sCAL turbo) on an automated laboratory instrument was analyzed. Samples from 615 children were available with the diagnoses SJIA (n = 99), non-systemic JIA (n = 169), infections (n = 51), other inflammatory diseases (n = 126), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 147). In addition, samples from 23 healthy controls were included.Results The sCAL turbo assay correlated well with the MRP8/14 ELISA used in previous validation studies (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). It could reliably differentiate SJIA from all other diagnoses with significant accuracy (cut-off at 10,500 ng/ml, sensitivity 84%, specificity 94%, ROC area under curve 0.960, p < 0.001).Conclusions Serum calprotectin analyses are a helpful tool supporting the diagnosis of SJIA in children with prolonged fever or inflammatory disease. Here we show that an immuno-turbidimetric assay for detection of serum calprotectin on an automated laboratory instrument can be implemented in clinical laboratory settings to facilitate its use as a diagnostic routine test in clinical practice.
Revascularization Strategy on Outcome for Acute Myocardial Infarct under Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Yu Hsi-Yu , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chou Heng-Wen , Fu Hsun-Yi , Lin Lian-Yu , Lin Jou-Wei , Chi Nai-Hsin , Wang Yi-Chia , Chou Nai-Kuan , Chen Yih-Sharng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background:
Revascularization of infarct-related vessel is effective in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock. However, for AMI patients complicated with cardiac arrest under extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), whether complete revascularization (CR) is associated with better clinical outcome is unknown.
Methods:
Patients with AMI under ECPR in 10 years were included. The study patients were grouped by the status of revascularization completeness in the coronary territories into incomplete revascularization (IR) and CR groups. The primary endpoint is favorable neurological outcomes at hospital survival. The second endpoint is the probability of a composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, or stroke at 1-year follow-up.
Results:
A total of 90 patients (32 IR and 58 CR) were included. Favorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge were 21.9% and 37.9% in IR and CR patients, respectively (p = 0.12) Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal CR a significant risk factor (odds ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–4.77, P = 0.221). One-year freedom from MACCE probabilities were 24.6% and 42.4% in IR and CR patients, respectively (P = 0.051.) Cox regression analysis revealed that CR, in addition to age, low-flow duration, and initial shockable rhythm, was a risk factor (hazard ratio: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.91, P = 0.020).
Conclusion:
For patients with AMI under ECPR, CR strategy seems not to is associated with better one-year outcomes than IR. Culprit lesion approach may be reasonable in the critical status.
Transcription Profiling Analysis of Follicles at Different Develop mental Stages in Duck Ovaries
Authors: chen lin , Wu Yan , wang jiaxiang , Pi Jinsong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In poultry ovaries, the development of follicles is strictly and complex regulated by a series of factors such as genes, hormones, and cytokines. However, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism is still unclear. To identify the dominant genes controlling duck follicular development, the small white follicle (SWF), the small yellow follicle (SYF), the small yellow follicle (SYF), large yellow follicle (LYF), F6, F5, F4, F3 and F2 were collected for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. There were 2530, 3893, and 168 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SWF and LWF, SWF and SYF, LWF and SYF, respectively. 1118, 3514 and 1034 DEGs were respectively identified between LYF and F6, LYF and F5, F6 and F5, 311, 1845, and 1601 DEGs were respectively identified between F4 and F3, F4 and F2, F3 and F2. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that cell adhesion, biological adhesion, DNA-binding transcription factor activity, transcription regulator activity, Focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, cellular homeostasis, regulation of biological quality, homeostatic process, response to external stimulus, PPAR signaling pathway, Nitrogen metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism (P-adjust < 0.05). Protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that, SPP1, RUNX2, CARTPT, LOX, ITGA8, FABP7, SLC43A3 and GPX2 might be key candidate genes for follicular development in duck. The current study identified dominant genes and pathways contributing to our understanding of duck follicular development.
Marijuana legalization and drug abuse as a cause for entry into foster care
Authors: Clark Chris , Evans Brent , Wallace Cullen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, many states have legalized marijuana for medical use, recreational use, or both. At the same time, parental drug abuse is now the second most frequent reason for a child’s placement into the foster care system (34 percent of all entries in 2019). We investigate the causal link between these two facts. Do states that legalize marijuana experience an increase in foster care entries related to drug abuse? We utilize multiple difference-in-difference approaches to exploit the state level variation in recreational and medical marijuana laws. Our findings suggest that when states permitted recreational marijuana use, there was no corresponding change in the number of foster care entries related to drug abuse, relative to control states. For the legalization of medical marijuana, we find an 8–10 percent decrease in the number of cases associated with parental drug abuse in the first two years, followed by an 18 percent decrease in the third year. We calculate that on average, approximately 700 fewer entries to foster care related to parental drug abuse occurred when a state legalized medical marijuana.
JEL codes: H75, I18, J13
XRD Line Profile Analysis for Calcite Produced by Precipitation Method at Different Pre-Cursor Concentration
Authors: Sulimai N. H. , Salifairus M. J. , Azhar N. E.A , Malek M. F. , Khusaimi Z. , Abdullah S. , Alrokayan Salman , Khan Haseeb , Rusop M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocrystalline structural properties is rarely reported although it is critical for predictive behavior in a sensitive application. Calcite is the most thermodynamically stable phase, and its structures and lattice parameters are rarely reported. In this work, detailed structural studies were performed by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. Single-phase crystalline calcite nanocrystals were synthesized by additives-free precipitation method to study the effect of different concentrations of precursors on the crystal structure. Titration was done for different concentrations (0.05-1.0) M of precursors at 25°C. The optimal titration technique at 25°C, 0.5M of precursor solution produced 85.71nm single-phase calcite in powder form. Analysis by X-ray diffraction confirmed that concentration limits at 0.5M, microstrain 5.34 x10-4 (lines-2/m4) produced the smallest single-phase calcite nanocrystals yet at 25°C by precipitation method. When concentration increases, distortion in the CaCO3 lattice occurs and the nucleation and growth decreases hence lattice constant decreases. The concentration limit is reached when the CaCO3 element is no more available to form hydrogen bonding for molecular recognition for CaCO3 crystalline and the formation of non-covalent bonding and interactions. Hence drastic bigger particles and agglomeration at concentrations above 0.5M. Agglomeration occurs due to attractive Van Der Waals forces from inadequate zeta potential for small particle suspension. It can be concluded that single-phase calcite nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by an additives-free precipitation method suitable for more sensitive applications like biosensor and medical devices.
Mitral valve abnormalities associated with single-ventricle palliation, cardiac death or transplant in fetuses with postnatally confirmed coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Foy Alex J. , Soslow Jonathan H. , Kavanaugh-McHugh Ann L. , Killen Stacy A. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Predicting if a fetus with borderline left heart structures and coarctation of the aorta (CoA) will require single ventricle palliation (SVP) is challenging, partly due to the limitations of fetal echocardiography in defining valvar abnormalities. Fetal echocardiographic findings predictive of SVP, particularly in relation to the mitral valve (MV), are not well defined.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of fetuses with postnatally confirmed CoA from 2010 to 2020. Fetuses with complex congenital heart disease or unequivocal hypoplastic left heart syndrome were excluded. Data were compared between those who underwent biventricular repair (BVR) vs. SVP, cardiac death or orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) to determine differences in fetal echocardiograms.
Results: Of 67 fetuses with 131 total echocardiograms, 62 (93%) underwent BVR and 5 (7%) experienced SVP, cardiac death or OHT. Fetuses with confirmed CoA who experienced SVP, cardiac death, or OHT, had fetal MV z-scores that were 2.06 lower, on average, than those who underwent BVR (z-score = -3.98 vs. -1.92, 95% CI: -2.96, -1.16). The incidences of MV anomalies and left to right flow across the foramen ovale were higher in the SVP, cardiac death and OHT group.
Conclusion: SVP, cardiac death or OHT in fetuses with confirmed CoA were associated with fetal MV hypoplasia, MV anomalies and left to right flow across the foramen ovale. These findings may help guide prenatal counseling about the likelihood of SVP, cardiac death or OHT in fetuses with CoA and borderline left heart structures.
Solid-state NMR reveals a structural deviation from cellulose Ibeta in bacterial cellulose
Authors: Brouwer Darren H. , Mikolajewski Janelle G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying the various polymorphs of cellulose, for example quantifying the proportions of cellulose Iα and Iβ polymorphs in the crystalline domains of various native celluloses. While marine invertebrate animals known as tunicates produce nearly pure cellulose Iβ, solid-state NMR reveals that bacterial cellulose is dominated by the Iα polymorph, but also has additional signals arising from a secondary crystalline form that are normally attributed to cellulose Iβ. However, in this paper we show that the 13C chemical shifts and correlation patterns in 2D NMR spectra for this secondary crystalline form in bacterial cellulose are not the same as those found in cellulose Iβ spectra reported for tunicate cellulose. In order to reach this conclusion, it was necessary to ensure all spectra were correctly set to the same chemical shift scale. In doing so, it became apparent there were spectral features for bacterial cellulose that were entirely consistent with previously reported spectra of bacterial cellulose but did not match those of the Iβ polymorph found in tunicate cellulose. Through a careful and detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectra of three 13C-enriched bacterial cellulose samples, two sets of correlated 13C chemical shifts for this secondary crystalline form were identified. The fact that these chemical shifts and correlation patterns are different than those of tunicate cellulose suggests that there exists some sort of structural deviation from the Iβ polymorph in bacterial cellulose since the 13C NMR spectrum closely resembles, but is not identical to, the 13C spectrum of the Iβ polymorph found in tunicate cellulose.
New Sodium Halide Solid Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity for All-Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Xiang Hongfa , Fu Chengyu , Li Yifan , Xu Wenjie , Feng Xuyong , Gu Weijian , Liu Jue , Deng Wenwen , Wang Wei , Zhu Lingyun , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Sodium halide solid state electrolytes (SSEs) suffer from low ionic conductivity (< 10-4 S/cm), which limits their applications in sodium all solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Here, a new LaCl3-based Na+ superionic conductor (Na1-xZrxLa1-xCl4) with high ionic conductivity of 2.9 × 10-4 S cm-1 (30 ℃) and low activation energy of 0.33 eV was developed. Structure characterizations by X-ray diffraction reveal a hexagonal structure (P63/m) of Na1-xZrxLa1-xCl4, with Na+ ions forming a one-dimensional diffusion channel along the c-axis. First-principles calculations and fine structure characterizations reveal that the ionic conductivity of Na1-xZrxLa1-xCl4 is mainly determined by the size of Na+-channels and the Na+/La3+ mixing in the 1D diffusion channels. The expanding of Na+ ion diffusion channel enhances the ionic conductivity, while Na+/La3+ mixing in the diffusion channel hinders the Na+ diffusion. Further structural adjustments can achieve mS/cm level ionic conductivity. The Na2Sn|Na2.9PS3.9Cl0.1|Na0.7Zr0.3La0.7Cl4|NaCrO2 all-solid-state batteries demonstrate an initial capacity of 119 mA h/g and high columbic efficiency of 98% at 0.1C, highlighting the excellent oxidation stability of Na0.7Zr0.3La0.7Cl4. This work demonstrates the possibility of high ionic conductivity sodium ion halide SSEs, which would promote the development of high voltage sodium ASSBs.