bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol Therapy and Humidification
Authors: Fernández Elena Fernández , MacLoughlin Ronan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHumidification of the patient airways during respiratory support interventions is a critical aspect of care and with significant demonstrated benefit. Humidification can be broadly classified as active, through the use of heated humidifiers or passive and heat and moisture exchangers. Meta-analysis would suggest that both are comparable with respect to clinical outcomes. Hygroscopic growth of aerosol droplets is well-described and understood; however, the effect of humidification on the consequent delivered dose to the patient is not. This is important given the prevalence of aerosol therapy in the intensive care setting and the reported practices of turning off the humidifier or removing the heat and moisture exchangers during treatment. In this chapter, we review the current state-of-the-art literature across both in vitro bench assessments and in vivo human studies. The key finding from our review is that the limited number of clinical assessments of the effect of humidification on aerosol therapy found there to be no effect, with measures such as urinary drug levels showing no difference with and without humidification. Interestingly, this is counter to the majority of the in vitro reports, where lower drug delivery was noted under humidified conditions. We conclude that more work is required to understand the effect on aerosol therapy in patients and why the bench studies are not predictive of the clinical findings. Finally, we provide some suggestions as to how this may be done.
Unusual larviform beetles in 100-million-year-old Kachin amber resemble immatures of trilobite beetles and fireflies
Authors: Haug Carolin , Zippel Ana , Müller Patrick , Haug Joachim T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the large number of species in the group Coleoptera (beetles), it is usually relatively easy to identify an adult beetle as such due to certain common characteristics. Among beetle larvae, however, there is a larger variability of body organisation. In some lineages, specialised larval morphologies are carried on into the adult phase by heterochrony, more exactly paedomorphosis. Such evolutionary events resulted in larviform females, as they occur in some extant representatives of Lycidae (net-winged beetles) and Lampyridae (fireflies). However, such larviform individuals, larvae or paedomorphic females, have been very rarely described in the fossil record until now and were restricted to Cenozoic ambers. Here, we report fossil larviform representatives, resembling larvae of the groups Lampyridae and Lycidae in certain aspects, from 100-million-year-old Myanmar amber. We furthermore discuss the morphological similarities and differences of the three new specimens in relation to extant larviform representatives of the groups and possible relationships of the new fossils.
Parent-Led Stepped Care Trauma Treatment: Parents’ Experiences With Helping Their Child Recover
Authors: Fagermoen Else Merete , Jensen Tine K. , Martinsen Marianne , Ormhaug Silje M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is a need for interventions for traumatized children that are easily accessible and effective, and that involve parents directly in the recovery process. To meet this challenge, stepped care trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment (SC TF-CBT), which consists of a parent-led therapist-assisted intervention as the first step, was developed. Parent-led trauma-treatment is a promising, but novel approach. The aim of this study was therefore to gain knowledge on how parents experience the model.

Methods
Parents who participated in a SC TF-CBT feasibility study were consecutively recruited and interviewed with semi-structured interviews, which were then analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results
The parents described that the intervention gave them insights that led to a sense of parental agency. Through the analysis we identified and labelled four themes: (i) understanding my child: how the trauma has affected my child and our relationship; (ii) understanding myself: how my reactions have stood in the way of helping my child; (iii) gaining competence: how to learn specific tasks that were not part of my normal parenting skills; and (iv) receiving support: how guidance, warmth and encouragement was necessary.

Conclusions
The results from this study show how the shifting of therapeutic tasks to parents may facilitate parental empowerment and improve the parent-child relationship. This knowledge may guide clinicians on how to provide support to parents so they can take a leading role in their child’s recovery process after trauma.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04073862. Retrospectively registered 03 June 2019 (first patient recruited May 2019), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04073862.
Screen-Printable Functional Nanomaterials for Flexible and Wearable Single-Enzyme-Based Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Biosensing Devices
Authors: Veenuttranon Kornautchaya , Kaewpradub Kanyawee , Jeerapan Itthipon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Developing flexible bioelectronics is essential to the realization of artificial intelligence devices and biomedical applications, such as wearables, but their potential is limited by sustainable energy supply. An enzymatic biofuel cell (BFC) is promising for power supply, but its use is limited by the challenges of incorporating multiple enzymes and rigid platforms. This paper shows the first example of screen-printable nanocomposite inks engineered for a single-enzyme-based energy-harvesting device and a self-powered biosensor driven by glucose on bioanode and biocathode. The anode ink is modified with naphthoquinone and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), whereas the cathode ink is modified with Prussian blue/MWCNT hybrid before immobilizing with glucose oxidase. The flexible bioanode and the biocathode consume glucose. This BFC yields an open circuit voltage of 0.45 V and a maximum power density of 266 μW cm−2. The wearable device coupled with a wireless portable system can convert chemical energy into electric energy and detect glucose in artificial sweat. The self-powered sensor can detect glucose concentrations up to 10 mM. Common interfering substances, including lactate, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and creatinine, have no effect on this self-powered biosensor. Additionally, the device can endure multiple mechanical deformations. New advances in ink development and flexible platforms enable a wide range of applications, including on-body electronics, self-sustainable applications, and smart fabrics.

Graphic Abstract
Support-free laser-based powder bed fusion of metals using pulsed exposure strategies
Authors: Grünewald Jonas , Reinelt Jonas , Sedlak Holger , Wudy Katrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral studies demonstrate the potential of pulsed exposure strategies for improving spatial accuracy, surface quality, and manufacturability of low-angle overhangs in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals. In this paper, those fundamental potentials are transferred to the support-free manufacturing of heat exchanger structures with partial horizontal overhangs made of Ti6Al4V. The pulsed exposure with pulse repetition rates of 20 kHz and pulse duration of 25 µs enabled the support-free manufacturing of these complex structures with densities of more than 99%. A comparison of the Archimedean density determination with optical density determination using micrographs indicate permeability of the specimens below an applied volume energy density of 30 J/mm3 due to open porosity. Furthermore, the pulsed manufactured structures show an improved flow behavior within the heat exchanger compared to specimens manufactured with continuous exposure strategies.
Using pre-fracture mobility to augment prediction of post-operative outcomes in hip fracture
Authors: Stubbs Thomas A. , Doherty William J. , Chaplin Andrew , Langford Sarah , Reed Mike R. , Sayer Avan A. , Witham Miles D. , Sorial Antony K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pre-operative scores based on patient characteristics are commonly used to predict hip fracture outcomes. Mobility, an indicator of pre-operative function, has been neglected as a potential predictor. We assessed the ability of pre-fracture mobility to predict post-operative outcomes following hip fracture.

Methods
We analysed prospectively collected data from hip fracture surgery patients at a large-volume trauma unit. Mobility was classified into four groups. Post-operative outcomes studied were mortality and residence at 30 days, medical complications within 30- or 60-days post-operatively, and prolonged length of stay (LOS, ≥ 28 days). We performed multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age and sex to assess the discriminative ability of the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), with and without mobility, for predicting outcomes using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results
1919 patients were included, mean age 82.6 (SD 8.2); 1357 (70.7%) were women. Multivariate analysis demonstrated patients with worse mobility had a 1.7–5.5-fold higher 30-day mortality (p ≤ 0.001), and 1.9–3.2-fold higher likelihood of prolonged LOS (p ≤ 0.001). Worse mobility was associated with a 2.3–3.8-fold higher likelihood of living in a care home at 30-days post-operatively (p < 0.001) and a 1.3–2.0-fold higher likelihood of complications within 30 days (p ≤ 0.001). Addition of mobility improved NHFS discrimination for discharge location, AUROC NHFS 0.755 [0.733–0.777] to NHFS + mobility 0.808 [0.789–0.828], and LOS, AUROC NHFS 0.584 [0.557–0.611] to NHFS + mobility 0.616 [0.590–0.643].

Conclusion
Incorporating mobility assessment into risk scores may improve casemix adjustment, prognostication following hip fracture, and identify high-risk patient groups requiring enhanced post-operative care at admission.
Challenges and recommendations to improve institutional review boards’ review of community-engaged research proposals: A scoping review
Authors: Onakomaiya Deborah , Pan Janet , Roberts Timothy , Tan Holly , Nadkarni Smiti , Godina Marina , Park Jo , Fraser Marilyn , Kwon Simona C. , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Islam Nadia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Academic and community investigators conducting community-engaged research (CEnR) are often met with challenges when seeking Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. This scoping review aims to identify challenges and recommendations for CEnR investigators and community partners working with IRBs. Peer-reviewed articles that reported on CEnR, specified study-related challenges, and lessons learned for working with IRBs and conducted in the United States were included for review. Fifteen studies met the criteria and were extracted for this review. Four challenges identified (1) Community partners not being recognized as research partners (2) Cultural competence, language of consent forms, and literacy level of partners; (3) IRBs apply formulaic approaches to CEnR; & (4) Extensive delays in IRB preparation and approval potentially stifle the relationships with community partners. Recommendations included (1) Training IRBs to understand CEnR principles to streamline and increase the flexibility of the IRB review process; (2) Identifying influential community stakeholders who can provide support for the study; and (3) Disseminating human subjects research training that is accessible to all community investigator to satisfy IRB concerns. Findings from our study suggest that IRBs can benefit from more training in CEnR requirements and methodologies
The relationship between attachment and posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Cushing Toby , Robertson Sarah , Mannes Julia , Marshall Nicole , Carey Mark James , Duschinsky Robbie , Meiser-Stedman Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between attachment and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) has been researched extensively within adult samples, with findings consistently demonstrating a relationship between insecure attachment and increased PTSS, and between secure attachment and decreased PTSS. To a lesser extent, such relationships have also been explored within child and adolescent samples. The evidence to date is equivocal and there have been no attempts to synthesize studies. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of studies reporting a relationship between attachment orientation (on both developmental and social psychological measures) and PTSS within children and adolescents. A random effects model was used to pool 30 studies (N = 10,431) reporting exposure to a range of traumatic events including maltreatment and war trauma. Results demonstrate a negative correlation between secure attachment and PTSS (r = −.16) and a positive correlation between insecure attachment (r = .20), avoidant attachment (r = .20), anxious attachment (r = .32), and disorganized attachment (r = .17) and PTSS. These findings indicate a small but significant relationship between attachment and PTSS in children and adolescents. Exposure to maltreatment did not moderate the relationship between secure attachment and PTSS, though strengthened the relationship between insecure attachment and PTSS.
Mesoscale Variability Linked to Interannual Displacement of Gulf Stream
Authors: Guo Yiming , Bishop Stuart , Bryan Frank , Bachman Scott 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe impacts of interannual oscillations of the Gulf Stream (GS) on oceanic mesoscale variability are investigated using satellite observations of sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) from 1993 to 2018. We show that variations in GS position, strength, and meandering status are the dominant spatiotemporal modes in regional SSH variability as they explain over 50% of the total variance. In particular, meridional shift of the GS associated with the large‐scale wind variation over the North Atlantic contributes to approximately 30% of SSH variability. We further find that this path displacement mode can drive approximately 15% of regional mesoscale variability in eddy kinetic energy and divergent eddy heat flux. This observational‐based evidence of ocean mesoscale response to GS shift infers a potentially important forcing mechanism that could drive eddy‐scale ocean variability and has far‐reaching implications for regional ocean and ecosystem dynamics in response to climate variation.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells in human fetal bone marrow by single-cell transcriptomic and functional analysis
Authors: Zhang Ping , Dong Ji , Fan Xiaoying , Yong Jun , Yang Ming , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Xiao , Lv Longwei , Wen Lu , Qiao Jie , Tang Fuchou , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population that can self-renew and generate stroma, cartilage, fat, and bone. Although a significant progress has been made toward recognizing about the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs, the true identity and properties of MSCs in bone marrow remain unclear. Here, we report the expression landscape of human fetal BM nucleated cells (BMNCs) based on the single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Unexpectedly, while the common cell surface markers such as CD146, CD271, and PDGFRa used for isolating MSCs were not detected, LIFR+PDGFRB+ were identified to be specific markers of MSCs as the early progenitors. In vivo transplantation demonstrated that LIFR+PDGFRB+CD45-CD31-CD235a- MSCs could form bone tissues and reconstitute the hematopoietic microenvironment (HME) effectively in vivo. Interestingly, we also identified a subpopulation of bone unipotent progenitor expressing TM4SF1+CD44+CD73+CD45-CD31-CD235a-, which had osteogenic potentials, but could not reconstitute HME. MSCs expressed a set of different transcription factors at the different stages of human fetal bone marrow, indicating that the stemness properties of MSCs might change during development. Moreover, transcriptional characteristics of cultured MSCs were significantly changed compared with freshly isolated primary MSCs. Our cellular profiling provides a general landscape of heterogeneity, development, hierarchy, microenvironment of the human fetal BM-derived stem cells at single-cell resolution.
Inhibition of TRADD ameliorates chondrocyte necroptosis and osteoarthritis by blocking RIPK1-TAK1 pathway and restoring autophagy
Authors: Sun Kai , Guo Zhou , Zhang Jinming , Hou Liangcai , Liang Shuang , Lu Fan , Wang Genchun , Xu Jingting , Zhang Xiong , Guo Fengjing , Zhu Wentao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease characterized by cartilage degeneration. TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) is a key upstream molecule of TNF-α signals but its role in OA pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to verify that whether inhibition of TRADD could protect against chondrocyte necroptosis and OA, and further elucidate the underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that TNF-α-related OA-like phenotypes including inflammation response, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, and necroptosis in chondrocytes were inhibited by TRADD deficiency. Furthermore, TRADD interacted with TRAF2 and knockdown of TRADD suppressed the activation of RIPK1-TAK1-NF-κB signals and restored impaired autophagy. ICCB-19, the selective inhibitor of TRADD, also attenuated necroptosis in chondrocytes. Mechanismly, ICCB-19 blocked the phosphorylation of TAK1-NF-κB signals and restored impaired autophagy, whereas inhibiting autophagic process with 3-Methyladenine compromised these effects of ICCB-19. The in vivo study showed that the intra-articular injection of ICCB-19 rescued the expression of collagen alpha-1(II) chain and LC3, and mitigated the cartilage degeneration of OA mice. This study demonstrates that TRADD mediates TNF-α-induced necroptosis and OA-like phenotypes of chondrocytes and suggests that ICCB-19 suppresses chondrocyte damage and cartilage degeneration by inhibiting TNF-α-TRADD-mediated signals and dysregulation of autophagy in chondrocytes. ICCB-19 may serve as an important option for OA therapy.
Gyroid-structured nanoporous chitosan from block copolymer template for UVC reflection
Authors: Lin Tze-Chung , Yang Chih-Ying , Lee Tsung-Lun , Lin Jheng-Wei , Liang Yu-Ting , Xie Yi-Ting , Xie Zhi-Hong , Hung Yu-Chueh , Ho Rong-Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBioinspired from structural coloration of butterfly wing structure, this work aims to fabricate nanoporous chitosan for UVC reflection. By taking advantage of self-assembled polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) with double gyroid texture followed by hydrofluoric acid etching of PDMS block, nanoporous PS with well-defined nanochannels can be fabricated, and used as a template for templated crosslinking reaction of chitosan through a multiple pore-filling process. Well-ordered nanoporous chitosan with shifting networks in nanoscale can be successfully fabricated after removal of the PS template. With the low absorption of chitosan in the ultraviolet region and the shifting networks for opening the bandgap, it is appealing to exploit the nanonetwork chitosan as high reflective materials for UVC optical devices, as evidenced by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and optical measurements experimentally.
Super-assembled compressible carbon frameworks featuring enriched heteroatom defect sites for flexible Zn–air batteries
Authors: Pang Huaipeng , Wang Meng , Sun Peipei , Zhang Wenshuai , Wang Dan , Zhang Runhao , Qiao Li , Wang Weijie , Gao Meng , Li Yong , Chen Jiang , Liang Kang , Kong Biao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFlexible Zn–air batteries (FZABs) exhibit low cost and inherent safety and have potential for application in wearable electronic devices. Nevertheless, balancing the high energy density and flexibility of the self-supported electrodes in FZABs is still a challenge. Herein, we develop a novel superassembly strategy for the preparation of N, S-codoped porous carbon frameworks (NS@CFs) as cathodes in FZABs. Benefiting from the abundant heteroatom defect sites, NS@CF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), including high electrochemical activity and long-term stability. When used as the cathode in a liquid flowing ZAB, NS@CF exhibited a power density of 221 mW cm−2 and achieved a 60% improvement over Pt/C-based ZABs. This new ZAB exhibited a high specific capacity of 792 mA h gZn−1, excellent long-term durability and cycling stability, which is superior to those of ZABs assembled with commercial Pt/C cathodes. In addition, the flexible NS@CF with directional channels can be used as independent air cathodes for FZABs, where it provides small charge/discharge voltage gaps, a power density of 49 mW cm−2 and outstanding cycling stability. This work provides a novel strategy for designing and fabricating highly efficient integrated electrodes for flexible and wearable electrochemical devices.
Hierarchically engineered nanochannel systems with pore-in/on-pore structures
Authors: Li Minmin , Cao Yuchen , Xiong Yuting , Qing Guangyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiological ion channels featuring asymmetries in structure, composition, and charge distribution have superior controllable ion transport properties, such as ion selectivity, ion gating, and ion rectification, by which life executes diverse activities, including signal transduction, cell motility, and mass and energy transfer. Inspired by this, researchers have never stopped pursuing artificial ion channels that can achieve comparable functions. Despite successful explorations in many fields, current homogeneous nanochannels, however, have not yet offered sufficient rewards comparable to those of their natural counterparts. However, hierarchically engineered heterogeneous nanochannels have gradually come onto the stage because of their excellent ion selectivity, permeability, and rectification properties and thus have been shining brilliantly in fields such as selective ion transport, energy conversion, biomolecular separation, and detection. In this article, we briefly review the recent advances of hierarchically engineered nanochannel systems in terms of pore-on-pore and pore-in-pore structures, with an emphasis on promising applications, including ion-selective transport, osmotic energy harvesting, separation, and biosensing. Finally, current challenges and conceivable solutions are also discussed to advance the design and applications of hierarchical nanochannel systems.
Molecular mechanism on forcible ejection of ATPase inhibitory factor 1 from mitochondrial ATP synthase
Authors: Kobayashi Ryohei , Ueno Hiroshi , Okazaki Kei-ichi , Noji Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIF1 is a natural inhibitor protein for mitochondrial FoF1 ATP synthase that blocks catalysis and rotation of the F1 by deeply inserting its N-terminal helices into F1. A unique feature of IF1 is condition-dependent inhibition; although IF1 inhibits ATP hydrolysis by F1, IF1 inhibition is relieved under ATP synthesis conditions. To elucidate this condition-dependent inhibition mechanism, we have performed single-molecule manipulation experiments on IF1-inhibited bovine mitochondrial F1 (bMF1). The results show that IF1-inhibited F1 is efficiently activated only when F1 is rotated in the clockwise (ATP synthesis) direction, but not in the counterclockwise direction. The observed rotational-direction-dependent activation explains the condition-dependent mechanism of IF1 inhibition. Investigation of mutant IF1 with N-terminal truncations shows that the interaction with the γ subunit at the N-terminal regions is crucial for rotational-direction-dependent ejection, and the middle long helix is responsible for the inhibition of F1.