bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of [2+2] photodimerization of trans-4-(trifluoromethyl) cinnamic acid
Authors: Bayasgalan Ulambayar , Chantsalnyam Bariashir , Nergui Uranbileg , Khongorzul Batchuluun , Jargalsaikhan Lkhasuren , Davaasambuu Jav 
Published: March 2023

Solid state [2+2] photodimerization is one of the unique organic reactions that take place between unsaturated molecules under ambient conditions. Complex molecules that are difficult to obtain by traditional organic synthesis methods can be obtained in high yield without the use of solvents. In this work, solid-state [2+2] photodimerization of trans-4-trifluoromethyl cinnamic was investigated via X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy methods (UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy). The crystal structure was determined from powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, optical spectroscopy results indicate that the trans-4-trifluoromethyl cinnamic acid undergoes [2+2] photodimerization reaction to yield a product with a cyclobutane framework. The photoconversion process is associated with a complete loss of the long-range order of the reactant and the resulting material is amorphous. Due to the utilization of broad-band light for the reaction, large amounts of product form on the surface and this leads to the precipitation of the product phase which disintegrates the crystal.
Транс-4-трифлуорометил фенилпропионы хүчлийн [2+2] фотодимеризаци урвалын судалгаа
Хураангуй: Тасалгааны орчинд гэрлийн үйлчлэлээр давхар холбоо бүхий ханаагүй молекул хооронд явагддаг органик химийн өвөрмөц урвалуудын нэг нь [2+2]фотодимеризацийн урвал юм. Энэ урвалыг хатуу төлөвт явуулснаар уламжлалт органик синтезийн аргуудаар гарган авахад хүндрэлтэй комплекс молекулуудыг хортой уусгагч ашиглалгүйгээр, өндөр гарцтайгаар гарган авах боломжтой. Бид энэ ажлаар транс-4-трифлуорометил фенилпропионы хүчлийн кристаллын тасалгааны температурт явагдах хатуу төлөвийн [2+2] фотодимеризацийн урвалын судалгааг нунтгийн рентген дифракци ба оптик спектроскопын аргуудаар (хэт ягаан туяа-үзэгдэх гэрлийн спектроскоп, нил улаан туяаны спектроскоп) хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Транс-4-трифлуорометил фенилпропионы хүчлийн кристалл бүтцийг нунтгийн рентген дифракцийн аргаар тодорхойлсон. Цаашлаад, транс-4-трифлуорометил фенилпропионы хүчил нь [2+2] фотодимеризацийн урвалд орж циклобутан бүхий молекул үүсгэдэг болохыг оптик спектроскопын үр дүнгээр харуулав. Урвалын явцад дээжийн кристалл бүтэц алдагдаж шинэ аморф бүтэц үүсэж буйг нунтгийн рентген дифракцийн аргаар батлав. Энэ үзэгдлийг транс-4-трифлуорометил фенилпропионы хүчлийн кристаллыг өргөн мужийн гэрлээр үйлчилэх үед кристаллын гадаргууд үүссэн их хэмжээний бүтээгдэхүүн бодис нь тунадасжиж шинэ фаз үүссэнтэй холбон тайлбарлав. Түлхүүр үг: хатуу төлөв, димеризаци, рентген дифракци, фотохими
importance and the role of chemical language: A study of the content of chemical language in secondary school
Authors: Banzragch Norovsuren , Byambaa Jargalsaikhan 
Published: March 2023

To study any science and to master a certain profession, it is necessary to acquire the language and way of thinking of that science. Chemistry has its own language made up of chemical symbols, nomenclature, and terminology, it's which serve as keys,methods, and tools for the study of chemistry. Therefore, in order to master any chemistry-based profession, it is necessary to fully acquire the chemical language, and the theory- methodology of teaching it are one of the issues that should be studied by chemistry teachers and researchers. This article presents the results of analyzing the content of chemistry textbooks for grades 6-11 according to the rubric developed using the scope of chemistry language content to be acquired by students in secondary schools. The rubric has a total of 18 criteria: 8 for chemical symbols, 4 for chemical terminology, and 6 for chemical nomenclature, and each criterion isevaluated using a 5-level rating scale. As a result of the research, the problem of chemical symbols was evaluated by 69.53%, the problem of chemical terminology was 59.37%, and the problem of chemical nomenclature was evaluated by 57.28%, which shows that it is necessary to improve the content of chemical language in textbooks according to the didactic principle of scientific language content.
Химийн хэлний гүйцэтгэх үүрэг ач холбогдол: Сургуулийн химийн хэлний агуулгын судалгаа
Хураангуй: Аливаа шинжлэх ухааныг судлах, тодорхой мэргэжлийг эзэмшихэд тухайн шинжлэх ухааны хэл, сэтгэлгээний арга барилыг сайтар эзэмшсэн байх шаардлагатай. Химийн шинжлэх ухаан нь химийн тэмдэг тэмдэглээ, нэршил, нэр томьёоноос бүтсэн өөрийн гэсэн хэлтэй бөгөөд энэ нь химийг судлах түлхүүр, арга, хэрэгсэл, хэрэглэгдэхүүн болдог. Иймээс хими суурьтай аливаа мэргэжлийг эзэмшихийн тулд химийн шинжлэх ухааны хэл буюу химийн хэлний бичиг үсгийн боловсролд бүрэн тайлагдах, түүнийг эзэмшүүлэх онол, арга зүйн асуудал нь химийн багш, судлаачдын судалбал зохих асуудлуудын нэг болж байна. Энэхүү өгүүллээр ерөнхий боловсролын сургуулийн хэмжээнд сурагчдын эзэмшсэн байх химийн хэлний агуулгын хүрээг тогтоож түүнийг шалгуур болгон боловсруулсан рубрикийн дагуу 6-11-р ангийн химийн сурах бичгийн агуулгад хийсэн анализын үр дүнг танилцуулж байна. Рубрик нь химийн тэмдэглэгээний 8, химийн нэр томьёоны 4, химийн нэршлийн 6 нийт 18 шалгууртай бөгөөд шалгуур тус бүрийг 5 түвшний үнэлгээний хэмжээс (rating scale) ашиглан үнэлсэн. Судалгааны үр дүнд химийн тэмдэглэгээний асуудал 69.53%, химийн нэр томьёоны асуудал 59.37%, химийн нэршлийн асуудал 57.28% -тай тус тус үнэлэгдсэн нь шинжлэх ухааны хэлний агуулгад тавигдах дидактик зарчмын дагуу сурах бичгүүд дэх химийн хэлний агуулгыг сайжруулах шаардлагатай болохыг харуулж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Химийн хэл, сургуулийн химийн хэл, шинжлэх ухааны хэл
Connection Between Pareto Optimality and Portfolio Growth Rate
Authors: Rentsen Enkhbat , Ganlkhagva Gantigmaa 
Published: March 2023

Portfolio optimization plays an important role in investment sciences. We examine the classical Markowitz model from a viewpoint of Pareto optimality. We consider a multi-objective optimization problem by maximizing the return of a portfolio and minimizing risk. We show that for appropriate weights, the Pareto optimal solution of the multi-objective optimization is a solution to the problem of maximizing a portfolio growth rate. Numerical results were provided using Mathlab.
Багцын Өгөөжийн Өсөлт ба Парето Оновчлол
Хураангуй: Хөрөнгө оруулалтын шинжлэх ухаанд багцын оновчлол чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг. Бид энэхүү ажилд Марковицын сонгодог загварыг Паретогийн оновчлолтой холбон, багцын өгөөжийг нэмэгдүүлэх, эрсдлийг багасгахын тулд олон зорилтот оновчлолын бодлогыг авч үзлээ. Олон зорилтот оновчлолын Парето шийдүүд нь багцын хамгийн их өсөлтийг тодорхойлох асуудалд хариу өгдөг гэдгийг бид харууллаа. Тоон үр дүнг Матлаб ашиглан гаргасан.
Түлхүүр үгс: Марковицийн онол, Олон-зорилтот оптимизаци
Interpretation of Scattering Characteristics of Radar L and C-Channel Data
Authors: Damdinsuren Amarsaikhan , Erdenebaatar Nyamjargal , Enkhtuya Jargaldalai , Altangerel Munkh-Erdene , Tovuudorj Renchinmyadag , Gurjav Tsogzol 
Published: March 2023

To define spectral knowledge of the features presented in the multisource remotely sensed datasets, in most cases, signature-based analyses are applied. The features are considered to be distinguishable if they are separable in a multidimensional feature space. The aim of this research is to conduct signature-based backscatter analyses using L and С-band Alos Palsar-2 and Sentinel-1B radar images and investigate the separability of the available land cover classes. As a test site, Ulz gol basin situated in the northern part of Dornot aimag has been selected, and 8 different land cover classes were chosen. The result of the backscatter analyses revealed that the selected land cover types in the study area could be somehow separable in different radar wavelengths.
Радарын L, С-Сувгийн Мэдээний Онцлог болон Сарнилын Тайлал
Хураангуй: Зайнаас тандсан олон эх сурвалжийн дүрс мэдээнд агуулагдаж байгаа янз бүрийн спектрийн мэдлэгийг тодорхойлохын тулд, ихэнх тохиолдолд биет, юмсын сигнатурт дүн шин- жилгээ хийх бөгөөд олон хэмжээст огторгуйд сигнатурууд саланги байх тохиолдолд дүрс мэдээн дээрх биес өөр хоорондоо илүү сайн ялгагддаг. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь, радарын долгионы L ба С-сувгийн мужид хос туйлшралаар хүлээн авсан Alos Palsar-2 болон Sentinel-1B дагуулын мэдээг тус тус ашиглан, газрын бүрхэвчийн сигнатур дээр суурилсан сарнилын ме- ханизмын тайлал хийж, улмаар уг ангиуд өөр хоорондоо сарнилаараа хэрхэн ялгагдаж байгааг харуулахад оршино. Судалгааны загвар талбай болгон Дорнод аймгийн хойд хэсэгт орших Улз голын сав нутгийг сонгон авч, нийт 8 ангийг тодорхойлсон бөгөөд сарнилын тайллын дүнгээс харахад, ангиуд өөр хоорондоо тодорхой хэмжээнд ялгагдаж байлаа. Дүн шинжилгээнд, ENVI 5.2 программ хангамжийг ашигласан болно.
Түлхүүр үгс: Alos Palsar-2, Sentinel-1B, радарын долгион, сигнатур, дүн шинжилгээ
Analysis of Relations Between Aboveground Biomass and Vegetation Indices Derived from Sentinel-2 Satellite Data
Authors: Altanchimeg Tsolmon , Damdinsuren Amarsaikhan , Tseveen Batchuluun , Batdorj Byambadolgor 
Published: March 2023

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between the estimated aboveground forest biomass and spectral vegetation indices derived from the visible and infrared bands of multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite data. The study area is situated in Teshig soum of Bulgan aimag, the northern part of Mongolia and geographically it belongs to a forest-steppe natural zone. To calculate the aboveground biomass in sampling plots, forest stand parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (H) have been measured, and allometric equations were used. In the final analysis, we investigated the relationship between the aboveground biomass measured at sampling plots and several predefined vegetation indices. The relationships between the aboveground biomass values and vegetation indices were explored by the use of a linear regression model. Of the outputs, the best results demonstrating the highest level of significance were obtained by the uses of the LAI (with R2=0.61) and SR (with R2=0.59).
Газрын Дээд Биомасс болон Sentinel-2 Дагуулын Мэдээнээс Тооцсон Ургамлын Индекс Хоорондын Хамаарлын Шинжилгээ
Хураангуй: Судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь олон бүсчлэлийн Sentinel-2 дагуулын үзэгдэх гэрлийн болон ойрын нэл улаан туяаны мужийн сувгуудыг ашиглан тооцоолсон ургамлын индекс, газрын дээд биомасс хоорондын хамаарлыг судлахад оршино. Судалгааны талбай болох Булган аймгийн Тэшиг сум нь Монгол орны хойд хэсэгт орших бөгөөд байгалийн бүс бүслүүрийн хувьд ойт хээрийн бүсэд хамаарна. Газрын дээд биомассыг тооцоолохдоо дээж талбайгаас цээжний өндрийн диаметр (DBH) болон модны өндөр (H) зэрэг параметрүүдийг хэмжиж, аллометрийн тэгшитгэлийг ашигласан бөгөөд дээж талбай дээр хэмжсэн газрын дээд биомасс болон ургамлын индексүүдийн хоорондын хамаарлыг шугаман регрессийн загвар ашиглан шинжил- сэн болно. Судалгаанаас гарсан үр дүнгүүдээс өндөр ач холбогдолтой индексүүд нь ургамлын навчны талбайн индекс LAI (R2=0.61), ойрын нэл улаан туяаны болон улаан гэрлийн сувгуудын харьцаа SR (R2=0.59) байв.
Түлхүүр үгс: Монгол, зайнаас тандах судлал, аллометрийн тэгшитгэл, регрессийн загвар
Perioperative Analgesia in Caesarean Section: What’s New?
Authors: Ramón Saucillo-Osuna José , Antonio Wilson-Manríquez Eduardo , Nicte López-Hernández Mercedes , Lilia Garduño-López Ana 
Published: March 2023

Caesarean section is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. Inadequate pain management can influence recovery, maternal psychological well-being and breastfeeding. In the search of alternatives to minimize the use of systemic opioids, new recommendations have been made to implement protocols to improve recovery after caesarean section, with multimodal analgesia, new suggestions for neuraxial techniques, regional analgesia with ultrasound-guided fascial plane blocks and non-pharmacological approaches. Some of the interventions, such as epidural or spinal blocks, although effective, carry a significant risk of complications (for example post-puncture headache). In their place, newer alternatives such as interventions guided by ultrasound are safe and effective for relieving pain in this common clinical context. The goal of this chapter is to provide clinicians with up-to-date evidence for optimal pain management after elective caesarean section.
Novel Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapies
Authors: Ghomraoui Firas , Srivastava Gitanjali 
Published: March 2023

Obesity is a global disease that causes or exacerbates many severe weight-related complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver. Though there are concerted efforts to combat this disease through several means, lifestyle therapy is still considered the mainstay treatment for obesity. Unfortunately, patients with obesity respond either modestly or unfavorable to lifestyle intervention alone. Although the classical definition of an AOM is a medication that can help reduce at least 5% of body weight over a period of 3 months, the more novel agents have far surpassed that. There are presently six major FDA-approved medications: orlistat, phentermine monotherapy, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, liraglutide 3.0 mg, and semaglutide 2.4 mg. Great strides have been made in the development of more novel agents, particularly those that affect either the gut hormones controlling satiety or certain pancreatic hormones. In this chapter, we will discuss current and upcoming novel AOMs available to treat and manage obesity. We will explore the novel endocrine peptides that are presently market accessible and how treating to target is feasible in the new era of obesity medicine. Further clinical trials must be conducted to pave the way for safer and more effective agents with greater access and affordability.
A world review of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) — Part 3: Parageron Paramonov s. lat.
Authors: Gibbs David 
Published: March 2023

This review covers Parageron Paramonov s. lat., including 36 species. Three new genera are proposed: Ectopusia gen. nov., Protypusia gen. nov. and Parusia gen. nov.; Parageron s. str. more narrowly defined. Eleven new species are described: Parageron longilingua sp. nov., Protypusia argentata gen. et sp. nov., Pro. separata Gibbs & Theodor gen. et sp. nov., Pro. flavipalpis gen. et sp. nov., Pro. kerkini gen. et sp. nov., Pro. strymonas gen. et sp. nov., Parusia almeria gen. et sp. nov., Pru. benoisti gen. et sp. nov., Pru. cyrenaica gen. et sp. nov., Pru. faesae gen. et sp. nov. and Pru. propinqua gen. et sp. nov. Two species raised from synonymy Par. orientalis Paramonov stat. rev. and Pru. taeniolata (Costa) stat. rev. Two species synonymised Pro. major Macquart syn. nov. and Usia arida Báez syn. nov. Eight species removed from Usiini to Apolysini, Apolysis bicolor (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. elbae (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. flavipes (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. marginata (Brunetti) comb. nov., A. minuscula (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. parvula (Efflatoun) comb. nov., A. turkmenica (Paramonov) comb. nov. and A. volkovitshi (Zaitzev) comb. nov. Apolysis melanderi Gibbs nom. nov. replaces A. bicolor (Melander) (was in Oligodranes) and A. hessei Gibbs nom. nov. replaces A. minuscula Hesse. Two neotypes and nine lectotypes are designated.
Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s “Ghazal” :An Analytical Study
Authors: Dr. Qamar Abbas  , Dr. Mazhar Iqbal Kalyar  
Published: March 2023

Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Tahir Taunsvi is famous for his valuable work in the field of Urdu research and criticism. His poetry, especially his “Ghazal” is also a significant part of his literary services. This aspect of his personality is mostly overpassed by the critics. His collection of poetry " تو۔۔ طے ہوا ،نا " published in 2001 AD. It has great value due to its diction, style and themes. Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s “Ghazal” has beautiful colors of traditional and modern poetry. His “Ghazals” present the romantic atmosphere of love and beauty in an artistic style. Besides this, the optimistic and progressive approach increases the worth and value of his themes and style. It has great resistance against the exploitation and oppression. His “Ghazal” also promotes the great human and moral values. One can see the personal tragedy transforming into the grief of humanity in his “Ghazals”. In this article, the authors have presented an analytical study of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s Poetics.
Literature And Sociolinguistics: A Stylistic Study Of Modern Urdu Poetry In The Context Of English Diction
Authors: Amjad Shabbir  
Published: March 2023

This study delves into the use of English Diction in modern Urdu poetry and its impact on the stylistic context. The research focuses on selected poets and their incorporation of English words and phrases into their Urdu poetry. The study aims to understand how this inclusion affects the literary style and meaning of the poetry. It also explores the sociolinguistic implications of this phenomenon on the Urdu language and the relationship between the poets and their audience. This article aims to explore the stylistic implications of this trend through a stylistic analysis of the selected Urdu poets: Asad Muhammad Khan, Iftikhar Jalib, Salim-ul-Rehman, Akhtar Usman, Azra Abbas, Afzal Ahmed Syed, Zahra Nagah, Parveen Shakir, Zee Shan Sahil, Naseer Ahmad Nasir, Ali Muhammad Farshi, Waheed Ahmad, Rawish Nadeem and Arshad Meraj. The influence of English on Urdu can be seen as a reflection of the increasing globalization and Westernization of Pakistani society. The poets included in this study represent different generations and come from different parts of Pakistan, but they all share a common experience of growing up in a society that is increasingly exposed to English. The stylistic implications of the use of English Diction in Urdu poetry are varied and complex. On one hand, it can be seen as a way of enriching the poetic language, bringing new nuances and connotations to the Urdu lexicon.
Women in Contemporary Cinema: A Study on the Role of Lesbians in LGBTQ Films
Authors: Arya Pooja 
Published: March 2023

Women across the globe, along with various feminist outfits, have been struggling to achieve gender equality in social, professional, and personal life. Media is something where women have continuously raised their issues for not getting equal status with men. But, the media is also the place where they face discrimination like getting paid lower than their male counterparts. In Indian TV serials, the role is a little different. Women are given more preference over men, but their role is shown to be restricted to the kitchen and household only. In the world of cinema, actresses are paid lesser than actors.

In many cases, their role is just to be the pillow riders of men. Somehow, the same is the case with LGBTQ characters in films. One can easily remember male LGBTQ characters like Abbas Ali of Bol Bachchan, but the role of a woman belonging to the LGBTQ community is either erotic or negligible. In this research paper, the researcher has tried to discover the prevailing gender inequality in LGBTQ films and the preference for male characters. The researcher has used content analysis to analyze the content of four mainstream Bollywood movies. The main aim of the research is to find out if female charact
Effect of rainfall on the structure and population densities of birds breeding in a suburb of Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz 
Published: March 2023

A bird community was quantified in the suburb of Olympia (200 ha) in the city of Windhoek, Namibia. Two years (2014 and 2020) were selected to examine the impact of rainfall and sub- urb development on species diversity and population densities of the selected bird species in this community. The total amount of rainfall in Windhoek in 2014 was much higher than in 2020 (475 mm and 275 mm, respectively). In total, 36 breeding bird species were recorded in the study area in 2014 and 2020: 27 spe- cies in 2014 and 31 species in 2020. The number of species com- mon in 2014 and 2020 was 17. The Sörensen’s Similarity Index was therefore rather low (0.59). In overall, population density of 25 selected bird species was much higher in 2020 than in 2014. Population densities of the Laughing Dove, the Southern Masked Weaver, and Chestnut-vented Warbler in 2014 and 2020 were statistically different, whereas population densities of the Red- headed Finch were similar in both years compared.
The breeding bird community in Olympia suburb does not ap- pear to be stable over years, both in regard to species composition and population densities of particular species. This instability may be linked to constant property development of this suburb and around it. Olympia suburb borders on the periphery of the city, which is a savanna slowly transformed into another suburb. Un- der drought conditions, some species from these surroundings may be attracted to the suburbs by water and food. Hence, con- trary to expectation, densities of some species in the suburbs in the year with low rainfall are higher.
Melting in the Melting Pot: The Acculturation Experience of the Ahiska Turks in the US
Authors:   Usak University, Turkey, Sakallı Erol 
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the acculturation levels of the Ahıska Turks living in the US. The sample of the survey consisted of 124 Ahıska Turks (nfemale = 61 and nmale = 63). The Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS-ZABB) was employed to measure the significance of age, marital status, education, employment, length of stay, and language competence in the acculturation process. The findings revealed that, similar to literature data, age, marital status, and language competence were significant, but education, employment, and length of stay were not significant among the Ahıska Turks in contrast with the literature data. The findings were discussed within the framework of the existing literature and suggestions for future research were put forward.