bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polydopamine coated on reduced graphene oxide for selective detection of ornidazole
Authors: Güney Sevgi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical sensing of ornidazole (OR) was achieved with a highly selective sensor fabricated by a combination of an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) and molecularly imprinted polydopamine (PDA). The sensor (OR‐imp@PDA/ERGO/GCE) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of dopamine (DA) on ERGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The analytical response of the sensor changed linearly with OR concentration varying from 1.5 × 10−9 M to 1.0 × 10−8 M and 1.0 × 10−8 M to 2.0 × 10−7 M, and the detection limit was defined as 1.1 × 10−9 M. The proposed sensor ensured the highly sensitive detection of OR concentration because of the advantages of ERGO and molecularly imprinted PDA.
The evidence base of US Food and Drug Administration approvals of novel cancer therapies from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Gloy Viktoria , Schmitt Andreas M. , Düblin Pascal , Hirt Julian , Axfors Cathrin , Kuk Hanna , Pereira Tiago V. , Locher Clara , Caquelin Laura , Walter‐Claudi Martin , Lythgoe Mark P. , Herbrand Amanda , Kasenda Benjamin , Hemkens Lars G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConcerns have been raised that regulatory programs to accelerate approval of cancer drugs in cancer may increase uncertainty about benefits and harms for survival and quality of life (QoL). We analyzed all pivotal clinical trials and all non‐pivotal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for all cancer drugs approved for the first time by the FDA between 2000 and 2020. We report regulatory and trial characteristics. Effects on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival and tumor response were summarized in meta‐analyses. Effects on QoL were qualitatively summarized. Between 2000 and 2020, the FDA approved 145 novel cancer drugs for 156 indications based on 190 clinical trials. Half of indications (49%) were approved without RCT evidence; 82% had a single clinical trial only. OS was primary endpoint in 14% of trials and QoL data were available from 25%. The median OS benefit was 2.55 months (IQR, 1.33‐4.28) with a mean hazard ratio for OS of 0.75 (95%CI, 0.72‐0.79, I2 = 42). Improvement for QoL was reported for 7 (4%) of 156 indications. Over time, priority review was used increasingly and the mean number of trials per indication decreased from 1.45 to 1.12. More trials reported results on QoL (19% in 2000‐2005; 41% in 2016‐2020). For 21 years, novel cancer drugs have typically been approved based on one single, often uncontrolled, clinical trial, measuring surrogate endpoints. This leaves cancer patients without solid evidence that novel drugs improve their survival or QoL and there is no indication towards improvement.
Effects of rapeseed residue organic fertilizer on cadmium toxicity in soil and its uptake and transfer by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Wentao , Jing Haonan , Yang Liyu , Li Xuexian , Chen Manzhi , Xu Mengqi , Chen Yonglin , Wu Pan , Liu Hongyan , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) contamination of rice fields is a global agro‐environmental issue. Rapeseed (canola) residue organic fertilizer (RROF) as a potential strategy to minimize Cd accumulation in rice planted in acidic soil. The results showed that application of 7.5–30.0 g kg−1 RROF increased the soil pH value by 0.01–0.55 units, increased soil organic matter (OM) by 7.8–25.0%, increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) by 0.0–89.7% and 0.0–47.5%, respectively, and increased soil dehydrogenase (DH), acid phosphatase (ACP), and urease (UA) activities by 14.3–344.0%, 0.0–127.1%, and 3.5–14.3%, respectively. The application of RROF treatments reduced the soil acid‐extractable Cd (ACI–Cd) content by 8.1–36.4% and increased the reducible Cd (RED–Cd) and oxidizable Cd (OXI–Cd) by 1.3–36.4% and 16.2–47.9%, respectively. The path analysis demonstrated that soil OM, ACP activity, Mn, and Ca ions had a significant negative indirect effect on the decrease in soil ACI‐Cd (rOM = −0.628, rACP = −0.582, rMn = −0.627, rCa = −0.341), while Zn ions showed a strong direct effect (bZn = 0.567) and indirect positive effect (rZn = 0.580). In rice plants, the contents of Cd, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn in rice tissues increased, and the Cd content in rice grains decreased by 3.1–31.3% under RROF application. The results of the correlation analysis found that K and Zn in rice husks and Mg in grains were significantly and negatively correlated with the husk–grain translocation factor of Cd (r = −0.88** for Zn, r = −0.81** for K, and r = −0.59* for Mg). In addition, a significant negative correlation of root–straw translocation factors of Cd with Ca and Fe ions in the roots was observed (r = −0.63* and r = −0.60* for Ca at the filling and maturity stages of rice, r = −0.61* for Fe at the tillering stage of rice). RDA showed that the distribution fraction of soil Cd controlled the accumulation of Cd in various parts of rice, with soil ACI–Cd content explaining 22.4% of the total eigen values at a significant level, followed by 14.1% for OXI–Cd. This means that ACI–Cd was the primary factor that controlled Cd accumulation in rice grain, followed by OXI–Cd.
High‐Speed Graphene–Silicon–Graphene Waveguide PDs with High Photo‐to‐Dark‐Current Ratio and Large Linear Dynamic Range
Authors: Guo Jingshu , Liu Chaoyue , Yu Laiwen , Xiang Hengtai , Xiang Yuluan , Dai Daoxin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract2D materials (2DMs) meet the demand of broadband and low‐cost photodetection on silicon for many applications. Currently, it is still very challenging to realize excellent silicon‐2DM photodetectors (PDs). Here, graphene–silicon–graphene waveguide PDs operating at the wavelength bands of 1.55 and 2 µm, showing the potential for large‐scale integration, are demonstrated. For the fabricated PDs, the measured responsivities are ≈0.15 and ≈0.015 mA W−1 for the wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.96 µm, respectively. In particular, the PDs exhibit a high bandwidth of ≈30 GHz, an ultra‐low dark current of tens of pico‐amperes, a high normalized photo‐to‐dark‐current ratio of 1.63 × 106 W−1, as well as a high linear dynamic range of 3 µW to 1.86 mW (and beyond) at 1.55 µm. According to the measurement results for the wavelength bands of 1.55/2.0 µm and the theoretical modeling for the silicon–graphene heterostructure, it is revealed that internal photoemission and photo‐assisted thermionic field emission dominantly contribute to the photoresponse in the graphene–silicon Schottky junctions under moderately high bias voltage, which helps the future work to further improve the performance.
Asynchronous Upconversion Sampling of Frequency Modulated Combs
Authors: Täschler Philipp , Forrer Andres , Bertrand Mathieu , Kapsalidis Filippos , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, optical frequency combs with a frequency modulated output have attracted considerable attention. While first observed decades ago in externally modulated lasers, a whole class of semiconductor lasers has since been identified to spontaneously enter such a regime of self frequency modulation. However, the temporal properties of these sources could so far only be measured indirectly via phase‐resolved frequency domain measurements. In this work, an asynchronous optical sampling technique which operates directly in time domain is demonstrated. On the basis of a mid‐infrared quantum cascade laser frequency comb, both its instantaneous intensity and optical frequency are measured. The results confirm a quasi‐constant intensity output alongside a close to linear frequency chirp, in accordance with phase‐resolved spectral measurements. Contrary to previous works, stable phase‐locking is achieved in a regime of positive intracavity dispersion resulting in an inversion of the observed frequency modulation.
Fully automated segmentally boosted VMAT
Authors: Huang Charles , Nomura Yusuke , Yang Yong , Xing Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTreatment planning for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) typically involves the use of multiple arcs to achieve sufficient intensity modulation. Alternatively, we can perform segment boosting to achieve similar intensity modulation while also reducing the number of control points used. Here, we propose the MetaPlanner Boosted VMAT (MPBV) approach, which generates boosted VMAT plans through a fully automated framework.MethodsThe proposed MPBV approach is an open‐source framework that consists of three main stages: meta‐optimization of treatment plan hyperparameters, fast beam angle optimization on a coarse dose grid to select desirable segments for boosting, and final plan generation (i.e., constructing the boosted VMAT arc and performing optimization).ResultsPerformance for the MPBV approach is evaluated on 21 prostate cases and 6 head and neck cases using clinically relevant plan quality metrics (i.e., target coverage, dose conformity, dose homogeneity, and OAR sparing). As compared to two baseline methods with multiple arcs, MPBV maintains or improves dosimetric performance for the evaluated metrics while substantially reducing average estimated delivery times (from 2.6 to 2.1 min).ConclusionOur proposed MPBV approach provides an automated framework for producing high‐quality VMAT plans that uses fewer control points and reduces delivery time as compared to traditional approaches with multiple arcs. MPBV applies automated treatment planning to segmentally boosted VMAT to address the beam utilization inefficiencies of traditional VMAT approaches that use multiple full arcs.
Predicting pulmonary ventilation damage after radiation therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer using a ResNet generative adversarial network
Authors: Wallat Eric M. , Wuschner Antonia E. , Flakus Mattison J. , Gerard Sarah E. , Christensen Gary E. , Reinhardt Joseph M. , Bayouth John E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional lung avoidance radiation therapy (RT) is a technique being investigated to preferentially avoid specific regions of the lung that are predicted to be more susceptible to radiation‐induced damage. Reducing the dose delivered to high functioning regions may reduce the occurrence radiation‐induced lung injuries (RILIs) and toxicities. However, in order to develop effective lung function‐sparing plans, accurate predictions of post‐RT ventilation change are needed to determine which regions of the lung should be spared.PurposeTo predict pulmonary ventilation change following RT for nonsmall cell lung cancer using machine learning.MethodsA conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) was developed with data from 82 human subjects enrolled in a randomized clinical trial approved by the institution's IRB to predict post‐RT pulmonary ventilation change. The inputs to the network were the pre‐RT pulmonary ventilation map and radiation dose distribution. The loss function was a combination of the binary cross‐entropy loss and an asymmetrical structural similarity index measure (aSSIM) function designed to increase penalization of under‐prediction of ventilation damage. Network performance was evaluated against a previously developed polynomial regression model using a paired sample t‐test for comparison. Evaluation was performed using eight‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsFrom the eight‐fold cross‐validation, we found that relative to the polynomial model, the cGAN model significantly improved predicting regions of ventilation damage following radiotherapy based on true positive rate (TPR), 0.14±0.15 to 0.72±0.21, and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 0.19±0.16 to 0.46±0.14, but significantly declined in true negative rate, 0.97±0.05 to 0.62±0.21, and accuracy, 0.79±0.08 to 0.65±0.14. Additionally, the average true positive volume increased from 104±119 cc in the POLY model to 565±332 cc in the cGAN model, and the average false negative volume decreased from 654±361 cc in the POLY model to 193±163 cc in the cGAN model.ConclusionsThe proposed cGAN model demonstrated significant improvement in TPR and DSC. The higher sensitivity of the cGAN model can improve the clinical utility of functional lung avoidance RT by identifying larger volumes of functional lung that can be spared and thus decrease the probability of the patient developing RILIs.
Effects of BAMBI on luteinized follicular granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone production in sheep
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Guo Zeyuan , Du Zhangsheng , Yao Zhichao , Guo Tong , Cheng Yin , Wang Kai , Ma Xiaoyan , Chen Chunlu , Kebreab Ermias , Wang Dong , Lyu Lihua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane‐bound inhibitor (BAMBI) regulates mammalian ovarian follicle growth and maturation; however, its effect on luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) in sheep ovarian follicles remains unknown. Here we explored the regulatory role of LGC functions and steroid hormone synthesis by BAMBI. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the sheep BAMBI gene sequence was relatively conserved. Sheep LGCs were strongly positive for BAMBI. LGC proliferation increased when BAMBI was silenced and decreased when BAMBI was overexpressed. After BAMBI overexpression, the expression of CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and BAX significantly increased, whereas that of BCL2 and the ratio of BCL2/BAX expression decreased. The opposite was observed after BAMBI silencing. CDKN1A, CCND1, and CCND2 were downregulated with BAMBI overexpression and upregulated with BAMBI silencing. Expression of steroid hormone‐related genes (CYP11A1, STAR, and 3BHSD), except CYP19A1, significantly increased after BAMBI overexpression. Moreover, estrogen and progesterone secretion increased after BAMBI overexpression and decreased after BAMBI interference. The effect of the exogenous addition of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on GCs was similar to that of BAMBI overexpression. In conclusion, BAMBI can regulate the proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of sheep LGCs, and BMP2 can affect LGCs as an activator of BAMBI. These findings provide a basis for further research on the physiological role of BAMBI.
Combined use of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein dsRNA and Gram‐negative bacteria for pest management of Coptotermes formosanus
Authors: Chen Wei‐Wen , Zhang Hong , Chen Yong , Zeng Wen‐Hui , Li Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) technology is an environmentally friendly strategy for controlling insect pests. Lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) recognizes lipopolysaccharides, which are a major outer membrane constituent of Gram‐negative bacteria. We propose that the LBP gene is a potential target for termite management; however, to date, no studies have examined this gene in termites.RESULTSIn this study, we cloned the LBP gene of Coptotermes formosanus (Cf) and found that the mortality rate of termite workers significantly increased, and the repellence of these workers to Gram‐negative bacteria was suppressed after knockdown of CfLBP using double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection and feeding. Moreover, the mortality rate of termite workers fed with CfLBP dsRNA and three Gram‐negative bacteria (provided separately) was over 50%, which was much higher than that of termites treated with either CfLBP dsRNA or Gram‐negative bacteria. Finally, we found that CfLBP impacts the IMD pathway to regulate the immune response of C. formosanus to Gram‐negative bacteria.CONCLUSIONCfLBP plays a important role in the immune defense of termites against Gram‐negative bacteria. It can be used as an immunosuppressant for RNAi‐based termite management and is an ideal target for termite control based on the combined use of RNAi and pathogenic bacteria. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Multivariate auto‐correlated process control by a residual‐based mixed CUSUM‐EWMA model
Authors: Wang Kung‐Jeng , Asrini Luh Juni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultivariate auto‐correlated process control issues in industrial systems are a concern for statistical process monitoring (SPM). Traditional control charts produce large false alarms and/or miss timely detections of quality deterioration because they are unable to recognize the signals from multivariate auto‐correlated response variables. To track multivariate auto‐correlated processes, this paper presents a new residual‐based mixed multivariate control chart using cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) approaches. Using in‐control data, the multi‐output least square support vector regression model's optimal hyper‐parameters are determined, and a bootstrap method is used to estimate the upper control limit of the proposed control chart. The suggested control chart has strong detection performance for a small magnitude mean vector shift based on the average run length (ARL) performance for a particular range of shifts. Experimental result elaborates that the proposed control chart is more sensitive to detecting the mean vector shift compared with the existing commonly used models, such as multivariate CUSUM and multivariate EWMA control charts. The proposed control chart model and corresponding computational algorithm are successfully applied to SPM in an electronic conductor production line with multivariate auto‐correlated attributes.
Ethanol Oxidation via 12‐Electron Pathway on Spiky Au@AuPd Nanoparticles Assisted by Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Xiang , Lv Min , Yue Xinru , Zheng Zhaoke , Xia Haibing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) via 12‐electron (C1‐12e) pathway on spiky Au@AuPd nanoparticles (NPs) with ultrathin AuPd alloy shells is achieved in alkaline media with the assistance of the near‐infrared (NIR) light. It is found that OH radicals can be produced from the OHads species adsorbed on the surfaces of Pd atoms led by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of spiky Au@AuPd NPs under the irradiation of NIR light. Moreover, OH radicals play the key role for the achievement of EOR proceeded by the desirable C1‐12e pathway because OH radicals can directly break the C–C bonds of ethanol. Accordingly, the electrocatalytic performance of spiky Au@AuPd NPs toward EOR under NIR light is greatly improved. For instance, their mass activity can be up to 33.2 A mgpd−1 in the 0.5 m KOH solution containing 0.5 m ethanol, which is about 158 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C catalysts (0.21 A mgpd−1) and is better than those of the state‐of‐the‐art Pd‐based catalysts reported in literature thus far, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, their highest mass activity can be further improved to 118.3 A mgpd−1 in the 1.5 m KOH solution containing 1.25 m ethanol.
Recent progress in electrolyte design for advanced lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Mingnan , Wang Caoyu , Davey Kenneth , Li Jingxi , Li Guanjie , Zhang Shilin , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted considerable interest for use in electric vehicles and as next‐generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density. However, a significant practical drawback with LMBs is the instability of the Li metal/electrolyte interface, with concurrent parasitic reactions and dendrite growth, that leads to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle life. Owing to the significant role of electrolytes in batteries, rationally designed electrolytes can improve the electrochemical performance of LMBs and possibly achieve fast charge and a wide range of working temperatures to meet various requirements of the market in the future. Although there are some review papers about electrolytes for LMBs, the focus has been on a single parameter or single performance separately and, therefore, not sufficient for the design of electrolytes for advanced LMBs for a wide range of working environments. This review presents a systematic summary of recent progress made in terms of electrolytes, covering the fundamental understanding of the mechanism, scientific challenges, and strategies to address drawbacks of electrolytes for high‐performance LMBs. The advantages and disadvantages of various electrolyte strategies are also analyzed, yielding suggestions for optimum properties of electrolytes for advanced LMBs applications. Finally, the most promising research directions for electrolytes are discussed briefly.
Recent advances in liver‐on‐chips: Design, fabrication, and applications
Authors: Qiu Linjie , Kong Bin , Kong Tiantian , Wang Huan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe liver is a multifunctional organ and the metabolic center of the human body. Most drugs and toxins are metabolized in the liver, resulting in varying degrees of hepatotoxicity. The damage of liver will seriously affect human health, so it is very important to study the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. At present, there are many research studies in this field. However, most of them are based on animal models, which are limited by the time‐consuming processes and species difference between human and animals. In recent years, liver‐on‐chips have emerged and developed rapidly and are expected to replace animal models. Liver‐on‐chips refer to the use of a small number of liver cells on the chips to simulate the liver microenvironment and ultrastructure in vivo. They hold extensive applications in multiple fields by reproducing the unique physiological functions of the liver in vitro. In this review, we first introduced the physiology and pathology of liver and then described the cell system of liver‐on‐chips, the chip‐based liver models, and the applications of liver‐on‐chips in liver transplantation, drug screening, and metabolic evaluation. Finally, we discussed the currently encountered challenges and future trends in liver‐on‐chips.
Plant poaching in southern Africa is aided by taxonomy: Is a return to Caput bonae spei inevitable?
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Victor Janine , Klopper Ronell R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years the poaching of, especially, succulent plants from the wild in South Africa has developed into an enormous, illegal industry, with the number of such plants confiscated increasing annually by over 250%. It has been estimated that more than 1.5 million plants have been illegally removed from the wild in the past three years. This conservation crisis has seen an unprecedented surge in poaching of representatives of families such as the Aizoaceae, Anacampserotaceae, Asphodelaceae, Crassulaceae, and several others, given that South Africa and neighbouring countries are host to about 45% of the known succulents of the world. Apart from annotated, geo‐referenced (type and other) herbarium specimens, further easily accessible sources of information on accurate occurrences of species are type localities published in protologues of plant names, and online resources that aim to mobilise biodiversity data. We propose drastic measures regarding the non‐disclosure of accurate locality information on specimens, in the literature, and on websites.