bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic network properties of the superior temporal gyrus mediate the impact of brain age gap on chronic aphasia severity
Authors: Wilmskoetter Janina , Busby Natalie , He Xiaosong , Caciagli Lorenzo , Roth Rebecca , Kristinsson Sigfus , Davis Kathryn A. , Rorden Chris , Bassett Dani S. , Fridriksson Julius , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain structure deteriorates with aging and predisposes an individual to more severe language impairments (aphasia) after a stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relation are not well understood. Here we use an approach to model brain network properties outside the stroke lesion, network controllability, to investigate relations among individualized structural brain connections, brain age, and aphasia severity in 93 participants with chronic post-stroke aphasia. Controlling for the stroke lesion size, we observe that lower average controllability of the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) mediates the relation between advanced brain aging and aphasia severity. Lower controllability of the left posterior STG signifies that activity in the left posterior STG is less likely to yield a response in other brain regions due to the topological properties of the structural brain networks. These results indicate that advanced brain aging among individuals with post-stroke aphasia is associated with disruption of dynamic properties of a critical language-related area, the STG, which contributes to worse aphasic symptoms. Because brain aging is variable among individuals with aphasia, our results provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the variance in clinical trajectories in post-stroke aphasia.
Regulating photosalient behavior in dynamic metal-organic crystals
Authors: Khan Samim , Dutta Basudeb , Naaz Sanobar , Choudhury Aditya , Cazade Pierre-Andre , Kiely Emma , Guerin Sarah , Medishetty Raghavender , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDynamic photoactuating crystals have become a sensation due to their potential applications in developing smart medical devices, molecular machines, artificial muscles, flexible electronics actuators, probes and microrobots. Here we report the synthesis of two iso-structural metal-organic crystals, [Zn(4-ohbz)2(4-nvp)2] (1) and [Cd(4-ohbz)2(4-nvp)2] (2) {H4-ohbz = 4-hydroxy benzoic acid; 4-nvp = 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine} which undergo topochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition under UV irradiation as well as sunlight to generate a dimerized product of discrete metal-complex [Zn(4-ohbz)2(rctt-4-pncb)] {rctt-4-pncb = 1,3-bis(4′-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(naphthyl)cyclobutane} (1′) and one-dimensional coordination polymer (1D CP) [Cd(4-ohbz)2(rctt-4-pncb)] (2′) respectively, in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) process. The Zn-based compound demonstrates photosalient behaviour, wherein crystals show jumping, splitting, rolling, and swelling upon UV irradiation. However, the Cd-based crystals do not show such behaviour maintaining the initial supramolecular packing and space group. Thus the photomechanical behaviour can be induced by choosing a suitable metal ion. The above findings are thoroughly validated by quantitative density functional theory (DFT) calculations which show that the Zn-based crystal shifts towards an orthorhombic structure to resolve the anisotropic UV-induced mechanical strain. Furthermore, the mechano-structure-property relationship has been established by complimentary nanoindentation measurements, which are in-line with the DFT-predicted single crystal values.
Plastic pollution in riverbeds fundamentally affects natural sand transport processes
Authors: Russell Catherine E. , Fernández Roberto , Parsons Daniel R. , Gabbott Sarah E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the past 50 years, rivers have become increasingly important vectors for plastic pollution. Lowland riverbeds exhibit coherent morphological features including ripple and dune bedforms, which transport sediment downstream via well-understood processes, yet the impact of plastic on sediment transport mechanics is largely unknown. Here we use flume tank experiments to show that when plastic particles are introduced to sandy riverbeds, even at relatively low concentrations, novel bedform morphologies and altered processes emerge, including irregular bedform stoss erosion and dune “washout”, causing topographic bedform amplitudes to decline. We detail (i) new mechanisms of plastic incorporation and transport in riverbed dunes, and (ii) how sedimentary processes are fundamentally influenced. Our laboratory flume tank experiments suggest that plastic is not a passive component of river systems but directly affects bed topography and locally increases the proportion of sand suspended in the water column, which at larger scales, has the potential to impact river ecosystems and wider landscapes. The resulting plastic distribution in the sediment is heterogeneous, highlighting the challenge of representatively sampling plastic concentrations in river sediments. Our insights are part of an ongoing suite of efforts contributing to the establishment of a new branch of process sedimentology: plastic – riverbed sand interactions.
Mantle-to-crust metal transfer by nanomelts
Authors: Schettino Erwin , González-Jiménez José María , Marchesi Claudio , Palozza Francesco , Blanco-Quintero Idael F. , Gervilla Fernando , Braga Roberto , Garrido Carlos J. , Fiorentini Marco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe transfer of chalcophile metals across the continental lithosphere has been traditionally modeled based on their chemical equilibrium partitioning in sulfide liquids and silicate magmas. Here, we report a suite of Ni-Fe-Cu sulfide droplets across a trans-lithospheric magmatic network linking the subcontinental lithospheric mantle to the overlying continental crust. Petrographic characteristics and numerical calculations both support that the sulfide droplets were mechanically scavenged from the mantle source during partial melting and transported upwards by alkaline magmas rising through the continental lithosphere. Nanoscale investigation by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) documents the presence of galena (PbS) nanoinclusions within the sulfide droplets that are involved in the mantle-to-crust magma route. The galena nanoinclusions show a range of microstructural features that are inconsistent with a derivation of PbS by exsolution from the solid products of the Ni-Fe-Cu sulfide liquid. It is argued that galena nanoinclusions crystallized from a precursor Pb(-Cu)-rich nanomelt, which was originally immiscible within the sulfide liquid even at Pb concentrations largely below those required for attaining galena saturation. We suggest that evidence of immiscibility between metal-rich nanomelts and sulfide liquids during magma transport would disrupt the classical way by which metal flux and ore genesis are interpreted, hinting for mechanical transfer of nanophases as a key mechanism for sourcing the amounts of mantle-derived metals that can be concentrated in the crust.
Reduction of energy losses through the integration of photovoltaic power plants in distribution networks
Authors: Pérez Carlos Abel Perdomo , Espinosa Lester González , Fuentefria Ariel Santos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Latin America, distribution networks are mostly radial, with high energy losses, representing about 16% of the region's electricity consumption. In Cuba, one of the alternatives that has been proposed to reduce these losses is the distribution of photovoltaic (PV) power plants of up to 3 MWp in them. This paper presents a new hybrid optimization algorithm to localize and size PV power plants to minimize energy losses in radial distribution networks. The method localizes the power plants using Empirical Discrete Metaheuristic in conjunction with a novel strategy that reduces the execution time of the algorithm. The sizes are found using the Coordinate Search Method, which performs one‐dimensional searches in the directions of the variables of the objective function. The algorithm was run on a 33‐bus IEEE test system in which up to five power plants were optimally installed, taking into account load variations at the distribution level and changes in the weather conditions under which the power plants operate. It should be noted that the execution times for each scenario did not exceed 30 s. The algorithm was validated by comparing it with other methods found in the literature and proved to be more efficient than them.
Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection for colon polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed , Ahmed Khalid , Abbas Daniyal , Mohamed Mouhand F. H. , Suryawanshi Gaurav , McDonald Nicholas , Wilson Natalie , Umar Shifa , Shaukat Aasma , Bilal Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

Background Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) can reduce the risks associated with electrocautery during colon polyp resection. Data on efficacy are variable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled efficacy and safety rates of CS-EMR.
Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search of multiple databases, from inception to March 2023, for studies addressing outcomes of CS-EMR for colon polyps. The weighted pooled estimates with 95 %CIs were calculated using the random effects model. I2
statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity.
Results 4137 articles were reviewed, and 16 studies, including 2592 polyps in 1922 patients (51.4 % female), were included. Overall, 54.4 % of polyps were adenomas, 45 % were sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), and 0.6 % were invasive carcinomas. Polyp recurrence after CS-EMR was 6.7 % (95 %CI 2.4 %–17.4 %, I2
= 94 %). The recurrence rate was 12.3 % (95 %CI 3.4 %–35.7 %, I2
= 94 %) for polyps ≥ 20 mm, 17.1 % (95 %CI 4.6 %–46.7 %, I2
= 93 %) for adenomas, and 5.7 % (95 %CI 3.2 %–9.9 %, I2
= 50 %) for SSLs. The pooled intraprocedural bleeding rate was 2.6 % (95 %CI 1.5 %–4.5 %, I2
= 51 %), the delayed bleeding rate was 1.5 % (95 %CI 0.8 %–2.7 %, I2
= 18 %), and no perforations or post-polypectomy syndromes were reported, with estimated rates of 0.6 % (95 %CI 0.3 %–1.3 %, I2
= 0 %) and 0.6 % (95 %CI 0.3 %–1.4 %, I2
= 0 %), respectively.
Conclusion CS-EMR demonstrated an excellent safety profile for colon polyps, with variable recurrence rates based on polyp size and histology. Large prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Energy
Authors: Tuteja Jaya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe dominance of fossil fuels in the energy sector is associated with greenhouse-gas emission and release of atmospheric pollutants. Biomass-based energy generation is considered a potential alternative for replacement of fossil fuels, and it has been used as a sustainable source of heat and power for a long time. Biomass as a feedstock can be used for the synthesis of different energy products. Catalysts play a significant role in various conversion routes and affect the yield of major products. Researchers have mainly focused on starchy feedstock, lignocellulosic biomass, and triglyceride containing biomass for bioenergy production. Catalytic reactions for biomass feedstock mainly involve deoxygenation, hydrolysis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and oxidation etc. This review provides an overview of catalytic reactions for the conversion of different classes of biomass feedstock for biofuel production. The primary aim of this review is to summarize catalytic strategies for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products.
The Philadelphia Shriners Hospital Approach to Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Gundlach Benjamin , Kozin Scott H. , Zlotolow Dan A. , Park Eugene 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe care of children with brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBI) is a complex multidisciplinary endeavor. At the Shriners Hospital for Children in Philadelphia, we have sought to elevate the quality of care delivered to patients through outcomes research and collaboration with colleagues around the world. Our approach to the management of this challenging pathology has evolved time and again. Here, we describe our current approach to patient assessment and operative management in patients with BPBI and its many sequelae.
Intelligent finance and change management implications
Authors: Guo Haochen , Polak Petr 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChange management is the embodiment of an enterprise’s core competence. It provides competitive differentiation and effectively adapts to the ever-changing world. This paper explores the implications of intelligent finance on change management and provides insights into how organizations can effectively manage change to achieve the desired outcomes. The study examines the case of Ping An (Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd.), a leading insurance company in China that has successfully implemented intelligent finance and change management strategies. The paper begins with a literature review that provides an overview of the concept of intelligent finance, the relevance of change management in the context of intelligent finance, models, and frameworks for intelligent finance, and approaches to change management. The study then presents a case analysis of Ping An, including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, regression analysis, and qualitative findings. The paper concludes with implications for practice and theory, contributions of the study, and recommendations for future research. Overall, this paper contributes to the growing literature on intelligent finance and change management and provides practical insights for organizations seeking to adopt intelligent finance.
Improving the performance of galloping energy harvester with striped bluff body
Authors: Wang Hai , Sun Hang , Zhang Zihao , Tang Ye , Yang Chunlai , Li Henian 
Published: July 2023

To improve the performance and efficiency of ordinary galloping energy harvesters (GEHs), this paper proposes a GEH with a striped bluff body. The fluid-structure coupling simulation of the bluff body and the oscillator of the energy harvester was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics. The cloud diagram in the flow field, tip displacement at the tip of the beam, lifting and dragging force, and trace and frequency response of the harvester are analyzed. Simulation results show that the GEH with a striped bluff body has the characteristics of rising frequency and falling peak compared with the ordinary GEH, which can be locked at a fixed peak to form a stable periodic response. Experimental results show that the striped bluff body energy harvester displays better energy harvest performance. The output root mean square voltage can be increased by 119.2% at 2 m/s wind speed, which means that the galloping harvester with a striped bluff body has more stable dynamic characteristics and shows better energy harvest performance.
Effect of Nb, Ti microalloying on hot deformation behavior of high strength steel
Authors: Liu Xinbin , Li Tiansheng , Zhao Chenyang , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2023

The deformation resistance would be increased with the addition of Nb and Ti, which makes it difficult to accurately control the rolling process, resulting in mixed grains and cracks. The hot deformation behavior of Nb–Ti microalloyed high strength steel was investigated in the temperature range of 900–1100 °C with the strain rate between 0.1 and 5 s−1. The recrystallization active energy was obtained by regression calculation, and the thermal deformation equation was established. The dynamic recrystallization critical strain model was established by changing the work hardening rate. The results show that a higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate are conducive to dynamic recrystallization. The active energy of dynamic recrystallization is 386.30 kJ mol−1, εp = 1.23 × 10−2Z0.087, and εc = 1.95 × 10−3Z0.111. The high strength steel is strengthened by the strengthening of grain refining and precipitation of Nb–Ti microalloys. The second phase particles are TiN with a size of about 100 nm, (Nb, Ti)C with the size between 50 and 80 nm, and NbC with the size between 10 and 20 nm.
Optical patterning fullerene nanostructures with high purity and high surface quality
Authors: Zeng Zhihao , Li Xiangping , Wang Haiwei , Xie Changsheng 
Published: July 2023

Nanoscale patterning of fullerene materials with peculiar intrinsic electronic and optical properties is of crucial importance for their widespread applications. However, it remains a daunting challenge for current methods that suffer from both complicated lithography procedures and additives of photopolymers or photochemicals detrimental to the pristine properties of fullerene. Here, we developed a contamination-free laser printing approach for in situ patterning of fullerene with nanoscale resolution and high purity. The optical trapping force within the tight focus provides a lithography-free means to form densely packed fullerene nanostructures with two-order-of-magnitude enhanced fluorescence emission and a surface roughness of 6 nm. In addition, versatile fullerene nano-patterns from dots to concentric rings can be realized by flexibly shaping the optical trapping force of higher-order Laguerre–Gaussian beams. These results open a new route to programmable and high-quality patterning of fullerene optoelectronic devices with complex nanostructures.
A differentially amplified Hall effect displacement sensor for positioning control of a long-range flexure stage
Authors: Park William , Chun Heebum , Nguyen Phuc , Lee Chabum 
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel positioning feedback sensor using a pair of Hall effect elements on a long-range flexure stage. The proposed Hall effect positioning feedback sensor eliminates error and uncertainty by measuring the center of the flexure stage, where a machine tool or measurement probes would take place in the industrial application. A pair of Hall effect elements were amplified in a differential configuration as the cylindrical permanent magnet enclosed in the center of the shuttle in the flexure stage that moves back and forth, generating a uniform gradient magnetic flux intensity. Nonlinear magnetic flux characteristics of a single Hall effect element were eliminated, and high-quality sensor sensitivity was achieved by differential amplification of the two Hall effect elements. The magnetic field analysis to characterize the linearity of the proposed displacement sensor was simulated using the finite element method to prove that the non-linearity of a single hall effect element may be mitigated by employing the differential amplification technique. The flexure stage was additively manufactured into a monolithic structure, and the permanent magnet was fitted into the shuttle of the flexure stage. Each Hall effect element was placed on either side of the magnet at a certain distance on the axis of shuttle movement. The proposed sensor was characterized by performing dynamic system identification of the flexure stage: open-loop response and closed-loop response. The Laser Displacement Sensor (LDS) with the 10 nm resolution was used for baseline comparison and datum line with respect to the proposed sensor. The proposed sensor responses agreed well with LDS in various dynamic inputs. The sensor response was analyzed with two differential amplification signal processing techniques. The maximum sensitivity of the two signal processing techniques was determined to be 16.55 mV/μm, and the resolution was observed as 2.5 μm. In sum, the differentially amplified Hall effect displacement sensor achieved positioning feedback with high sensitivity and linearity and minimized the sensor placement error while maintaining low cost and simple configuration.
Boosting of proton beam quality by a pair of low-intensity reverse laser pulses
Authors: Rahman Obaydur , Sheng Zheng-Mao 
Published: July 2023

An attempt has been made to boost the proton beam quality using the multiple counter-propagating laser pulses target interaction with the help of particle-in-cell simulation. Here, we show that a pair of low-intensity reversely incident laser pulses can significantly improve the proton beam quality, i.e., leading to generating a highly peaked monoenergetic proton beam with reduced energy spread. The reverse laser pulses not only help to guide the main laser but also provide initial momentum to the target electrons and thus protons, which is very crucial for efficient acceleration. As a result, a high-quality (sharp narrow peak) monoenergetic proton beam, with energy spectra peaked around GeV, can be obtained for the pulse energies at the level of 50 J. Furthermore, the effects of the time delay for the main laser pulse and the distances between the incident points of the reverse laser pulses are also investigated.
Tuning the bandgap of cubic and orthorhombic BaZrS3 by substituting sulfur with selenium
Authors: Odeh Yousef M. , Azar Said M. , Al-Reyahi Anas Y. , Mousa Ahmad A. , Jaradat Emad K. , Al Aqtash Nabil 
Published: July 2023

In this paper, by using density functional theory (DFT), the structural, electronic, and optical properties of cubic and orthorhombic perovskites BaZrS3−xSex are explored. The lattice parameters increase when the substitution of S/Se atoms is applied, whereas the bulk moduli decrease. The density of states curves showed a strong hybridization between Zr-d and S-p/Se-p orbitals. Furthermore, the obtained bandgaps of the orthorhombic phases are direct (Γ–Γ), whereas they are indirect (R–Γ) for the cubic phase. When substituting sulfur with selenium, the bandgap decreases from 0.963 to 0.705 eV for the orthorhombic phase and from 0.655 to 0.288 eV for the cubic phase. The dielectric function showed that the optical bandgaps are between 0.7 and 0.5 eV for orthorhombic BaZrS3–xSex, which is in the infra-red spectrum, and it was between 0.7 and 0.25 eV for the cubic phase. The reflectivity was in the range of [26%–31%] at low energies, which can be considered quite reflective. The refractive index for the orthorhombic phase increased from 3.0 to 3.5 at low energies and from 3.6 to 3.9 for the cubic phase, which indicates high absorption at those values of energy. The result obtained indicates that chalcogenide perovskites BaZrS3−xSex are good candidates for future photovoltaic applications such as tandem solar cells.
Numerical study of a near-infrared to mid-infrared perfect absorber based on tunable GaAs metamaterial
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu , Guo Xin , Li Yang , Wu Haoyu , Qiu Hongjin , Jia Tiantian , Liu Xuchuan , Gan Linyu , Chen Peng , Cheng Hongchang 
Published: July 2023

An infrared perfect absorber structure is designed based on GaAs/Au/SiO2 metamaterial with numerical simulation, in which gold split ring resonators (SRR) embedded in the GaAs layer. The absorption exceeds 99% at 1360 nm under the plane wave excitation with its polarization perpendicular to the opening direction of the SRR. When the polarization of the plane wave is parallel to the opening direction, the absorption exceeds 97% and 56% at 970 and 2070 nm, respectively, which realize dual-band absorption. The absorption peaks are effectively modulated by controlling surface current density distribution and resonant electromagnetic response. In addition, the resonant wavelengths are further manipulated by optimizing the resonant ring structural parameters, which achieve ultrawide-band absorption ranging from near-infrared to mid-infrared region. The absorber remains absorption peaks above 96% under wide-angle plane wave incidence, and the resonant peak positions are independent of the incident angle. This work exhibits the promise of GaAs-based metamaterial in practical applications in energy harvesting and night vision imaging.