bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of irrigation with sugar mills’ wastewater and fertilizer on soil chemical and solute-transport properties
Authors: Shariot-Ullah Md , Islam Md Touhidul , Mahmud Khalid 
Published: June 2023

Impact assessment of wastewater on soil is important to diagnose the potential of wastewater irrigation. By taking this idea into consideration, an experiment was conducted to investigate the chemical and solute-transport properties of soils collected from wheat fields irrigated with sugar mills’ wastewater at North Bengal Sugar Mill (NBSM) and Faridpur Sugar Mill (FSM) of Bangladesh. Soil samples were collected from experimental sites where wheat was grown under both irrigation and fertilizer treatments. The split-plot design with three replications of irrigation (main plot) and fertilizer (sub-plot) were used. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments were defined as I1 = irrigation with fresh water, I2 = irrigation with mixed water (fresh water: wastewater = 1:1) and I2 = irrigation with wastewater; F1 = Full dose fertilizer, F2 = Half dose fertilizer and F3 = No application of fertilizer. Soil samples were chemically analyzed to find their chemical properties and a breakthrough experiment was done to find the solute transport properties. Significant effects were observed for soil chemical properties at both NBSM and FSM sites. At NBSM site, organic-C and S contents of soil increased under I3 treatment, where as total-N, P, K and Mg contents increased under I2 treatment. Similarly, Na and Ca contents at FSM site slightly went downunder I3 treatment. Application of fertilizer also significantly affected soil properties at both sites. Under full dose fertilizer application (F1) EC, P, K, S, Ca and Mg contents of the soil increased, however, Na content decreased at both sites. Interaction of irrigation and fertilizer treatments also had significant effects on all the soil chemical parameters except organic-C and total-N content of the soils at both sites. Among solute transport properties pore-water velocity, dispersion coefficient and mean solute travel time increased in I3 compared to I1 at NBSM site, but the reverse was observed at FSM site.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (3), 521-532
Multi insecticide residue analysis in vegetables collected from different regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md Sultan , Rahman Md Arifur , Begum Afroza , Chowdhury Alamgir Zaman , Reza Md Shahed 
Published: June 2023

An investigative study was conducted to determine the left over residue of five commonly used insecticides in cauliflower and yard long bean samples collected from local market of eight different regions like Bogra, Comilla, Dhaka, Gazipur, Jessore, Khagrachari, Rajshahi and Rangpur and carried out to the lab for analysis. Among 47 analyzed vegetable samples, 20 had insecticide residues, of them 11 had above maximum residue limit (MRL) set by FAO/WHO. Of 24 analyzed cauliflower samples, 11 contained residue of cypermethrin, diazinon, quinalphos, fenitrothion and malathion in which 8 had above MRL. Most of the sample contain diazinon and cypermethrin residue. Three samples showed 0.202-0.603 mgkg-1diazinon resides and two samples contain 0.590-0.640 mgkg-1cypermethrin residues which were above MRL. Cauliflower samples also showed two of three multi insecticide residues which were above MRL. Among 23 analyzed yard long bean samples, 9 showed the residue of five tested insecticides but only three had the residue of 0.410 mgkg-1quinalphos, 0.651 mgkg-1malathion and 0.591 mgkg-1cypermethrin which were above MRL and the next 6 samples including three multi insecticide residues were of below MRL. Bogra, Jessore and Comilla showed more residues irrespective of single or multiple insecticide then other locations. No residue of the tested insecticide was found in the samples collected from Dhaka and Rajshahi in both the vegetables. Cauliflower in Khagrachari and yard long bean in Rangpur did not show any insecticide residue.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (3), 547-551
A novel ex vivo lung cancer model based on bioengineered rat lungs
Authors: Mizoguchi Satoshi , Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Doi Ryoichiro , Obata Tomohiro , Iwatake Mayumi , Hashimoto Shintaro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Yukawa Hiroshi , Hayashi Hiroko , Li Tao-Sheng , Yamamoto Kazuko , Matsumoto Keitaro , Miyazaki Takuro , Tomoshige Koichi , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Two-dimensional cell cultures have contributed substantially to lung cancer research, but 3D cultures are gaining attention as a new, more efficient, and effective research model. A model reproducing the 3D characteristics and tumor microenvironment of the lungs in vivo, including the co-existence of healthy alveolar cells with lung cancer cells, is ideal. Here, we describe the creation of a successful ex vivo lung cancer model based on bioengineered lungs formed by decellularization and recellularization.Methods: Human cancer cells were directly implanted into a bioengineered rat lung, which was created with a decellularized rat lung scaffold reseeded with epithelial cells, endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Four human lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC-9, H1299, and PC-6) were applied to demonstrate forming cancer nodules on recellularized lungs and histopathological assessment were made among these models. MUC-1 expression analysis, RNA-seq analysis and drug response test were performed to demonstrate the superiority of this cancer model.Results: The morphology and MUC-1 expression of the model were like those of lung cancer in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed an elevated expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and TNF-α signaling via NF-κB; but suppression of cell cycle-related genes including E2F. Drug response assays showed that gefitinib suppressed PC-9 cell proliferation equally well in the 3D lung cancer model as in 2D culture dishes, albeit over a smaller volume of cells, suggesting that fluctuations in gefitinib resistance genes such as JUN may affect drug sensitivity.Conclusions: A novel ex vivo lung cancer model was closely reproduced the 3D structure and microenvironment of the actual lungs, highlighting its possible use as a platform for lung cancer research and pathophysiological studies.
Clinical identification and microbiota analysis of Chlamydia psittaci- and Chlamydia abortus- pneumonia by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Authors: Xie Gongxun , Hu Qing , Cao Xuefang , Wu Wenjie , Dai Penghui , Guo Wei , Wang Ouxi , Wei Liang , Ren Ruotong , Li Yanchun 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionRecently, the incidence of chlamydial pneumonia caused by rare pathogens such as C. psittaci or C. abortus has shown a significant upward trend. The non-specific clinical manifestations and the limitations of traditional pathogen identification methods determine that chlamydial pneumonia is likely to be poorly diagnosed or even misdiagnosed, and may further result in delayed treatment or unnecessary antibiotic use. mNGS's non-preference and high sensitivity give us the opportunity to obtain more sensitive detection results than traditional methods for rare pathogens such as C. psittaci or C. abortus. MethodsIn the present study, we investigated both the pathogenic profile characteristics and the lower respiratory tract microbiota of pneumonia patients with different chlamydial infection patterns using mNGS.ResultsMore co-infecting pathogens were found to be detectable in clinical samples from patients infected with C. psittaci compared to C. abortus, suggesting that patients infected with C. psittaci may have a higher risk of mixed infection, which in turn leads to more severe clinical symptoms and a longer disease course cycle. Further, we also used mNGS data to analyze for the first time the characteristic differences in the lower respiratory tract microbiota of patients with and without chlamydial pneumonia, the impact of the pattern of Chlamydia infection on the lower respiratory tract microbiota, and the clinical relevance of these characteristics. Significantly different profiles of lower respiratory tract microbiota and microecological diversity were found among different clinical subgroups, and in particular, mixed infections with C. psittaci and C. abortus resulted in lower lung microbiota diversity, suggesting that chlamydial infections shape the unique lung microbiota pathology, while mixed infections with different Chlamydia may have important effects on the composition and diversity of the lung microbiota. DiscussionThe present study provides possible evidences supporting the close correlation between chlamydial infection, altered microbial diversity in patients' lungs and clinical parameters associated with infection or inflammation in patients, which also provides a new research direction to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary infections caused by Chlamydia.
Transcriptomic identification of genes expressed in invasive S. aureus diabetic foot ulcer infection
Authors: Agidigbi Taiwo Samuel , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Knight James R. , Zhao Dejian , Lee Francis Y. , Oh Irvin 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionInfection in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is one of the major complications associated with patients with diabetes. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common offending pathogen in patients with infected DFU. Previous studies have suggested the application of species-specific antibodies against S. aureus for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response. Early and accurate identification of the main pathogen is critical for management of DFU infection. Understanding the host immune response against species-specific infection may facilitate diagnosis and may suggest potential intervention options to promote healing infected DFUs. We sought to investigate evolving host transcriptome associated with surgical treatment of S. aureus– infected DFU.MethodsThis study compared the transcriptome profile of 21 patients with S. aureus– infected DFU who underwent initial foot salvage therapy with irrigation and debridement followed by intravenous antibiotic therapy. Blood samples were collected at the recruitment (0 weeks) and 8 weeks after therapy to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We analyzed the PBMC expression of transcriptomes at two different time points (0 versus 8 weeks). Subjects were further divided into two groups at 8 weeks: healed (n = 17, 80.95%) versus non-healed (n = 4, 19.05%) based on the wound healing status. DESeq2 differential gene analysis was performed. Results and discussionAn increased expression of IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3, IGLV3-21, and IGLV6-57 was noted during active infection at 0 weeks compared with that at 8 weeks. Lysine- and arginine-rich histones (HIST1H2AJ, HIST1H2AL, HIST1H2BM, HIST1H3B, and HIST1H3G) were upregulated at the initial phase of active infection at 0 weeks. CD177 and RRM2 were also upregulated at the initial phase of active infection (0 weeks) compared with that at 8 weeks of follow-up. Genes of heat shock protein members (HSPA1A, HSPE1, and HSP90B1) were high in not healed patients compared with that in healed patients 8 weeks after therapy. The outcome of our study suggests that the identification of genes evolution based on a transcriptomic profiling could be a useful tool for diagnosing infection and assessing severity and host immune response to therapies.
Association between the lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a healthy population of Northwest China: a retrospective cohort study with a 2-year follow-up period
Authors: Li Nong , Xang Weiting , Wu Shengli , Li Danting , Chang Min , Xie ChengYao , Zhang Mei Yu , Tan Huiwen 
Published: June 2023

AimsWe aimed to explore the metabolic features of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Lean-NAFLD) and its association with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged people.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3001 participants who were enrolled in a health check-up program from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Health Management Center of Karamay People’s Hospital. The age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles, serum uric acid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the subjects were collected. The cutoff point of BMI for lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is &lt;25 kg/m2. A COX proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk ratio of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to type 2 diabetes mellitus.ResultsLean NAFLD participants had many metabolic abnormalities, such as overweight and obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Compared with lean participants without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for lean participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 3.83 (95% CI 2.02-7.24, p&lt;0.01). In the normal waist circumference group (man&lt;90cm, woman&lt;80 cm), compared with lean participants without NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident type 2 diabetes for lean participants with NAFLD and overweight or obese participants with NAFLD were 1.93 (95% CI 0.70-5.35, p&gt;0.05) and 4.20 (95% CI 1.44-12.22, p&lt;0.05), respectively. For excess waist circumference (man≥90 cm, woman ≥80 cm) compared with lean participants without NAFLD, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident type 2 diabetes for lean participants with NAFLD and overweight or obese participants with NAFLD were 3.88 (95% CI 1.56-9.66, p&lt;0.05) and 3.30 (95% CI 1.52-7.14, p&lt;0.05), respectively.ConclusionAbdominal obesity is the strongest risk factor for type 2 diabetes in lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Overload capacity analysis of extra high voltage AC XLPE submarine cable
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ma Guoqing , Li Pengfei , Huang Youcong , He Tongtong , Zheng Yuesheng 
Published: June 2023

When submarine cable line fails or other lines need load transfer, it often suffers from emergency ampacity that exceeds the steady-state ampacity. The layout environment of the submarine cable is always complex and changeable, and the overload capacity of the submarine cable in different layout environments is also different. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the overload capacity of the submarine cable. In this paper, a coupled multi-physical field model by finite element method is established for AC 500 kV XLPE extra high voltage submarine cable in landing section, which is the ampacity bottleneck section of the whole line. The overload capacity of submarine cable in two typical layout environments which are direct buried and within pipeline is analyzed. The results show that the overload capacity of submarine cable in the direct buried environment is much higher than that in the pipeline environment. The allowable emergency time in the direct buried environment is 2–3 times that of the pipeline environment under the same condition. In the two typical layout environments, when the emergency current are 2500 A and 3500 A, the ratio of the emergency time allowed to run in the direct buried environment to that in the pipeline environment is about 5 times under the same initial capacity. The proposed model can provide a reference for dynamic capacity control of the extra high voltage submarine cable.
The construction of an ecological security pattern based on the comprehensive evaluation of the importance of ecosystem service and ecological sensitivity: a case of Yangxin County, Hubei Province
Authors: Xu Hong , Zhang Zhiqi , Yu Xincan , Li Tianyue , Chen Zheng 
Published: June 2023

An ecological safety pattern is the basic guarantee for pollution control, ecological environmental protection, economic construction, and sustainable social development, and is an important means of integrated and coordinated development, protection, and governance. This study proposes a research method to identify ecological source sites based on the evaluation of the importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity, and to identify ecological corridors using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The empirical analysis was carried out in Yangxin County, Hubei Province, as an example. The results show that the study area has 16 key corridors and 29 potential corridors, a total of 45 ecological corridors, with a total length of 452 km. In addition, these ecological corridors present a network-like intertwined distribution, connecting various ecological source sites and ensuring the connectivity between ecological source sites, while the well-developed water source sites in the study area provide excellent ecosystem service functions such as water containment for the area.
High infiltration of CD209+ dendritic cells and CD163+ macrophages in the peritumor area of prostate cancer is predictive of late adverse outcomes
Authors: Molina Oscar Eduardo , LaRue Hélène , Simonyan David , Hovington Hélène , Têtu Bernard , Fradet Vincent , Lacombe Louis , Toren Paul , Bergeron Alain , Fradet Yves 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) shows considerable variation in clinical outcomes between individuals with similar diseases. The initial host-tumor interaction as assessed by detailed analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells within the primary tumor may dictate tumor evolution and late clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed the association between clinical outcomes and dendritic cell (DC) or macrophage (MΦ) tumor infiltration as well as with expression of genes related to their functions.MethodsInfiltration and localization of immature DC, mature DC, total MΦ and M2-type MΦ was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 99 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with 15.5 years median clinical follow-up using antibodies against CD209, CD83, CD68 and CD163, respectively. The density of positive cells for each marker in various tumor areas was determined. In addition, expression of immune genes associated with DC and MΦ was tested in a series of 50 radical prostatectomy specimens by Taqman Low-Density Array with similarly long follow-up. Gene expression was classified as low and high after unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Numbers and ratio of positive cells and levels of gene expression were correlated with endpoints such as biochemical recurrence (BCR), need for definitive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or lethal PCa using Cox regression analyses and/or Kaplan-Meier curves.ResultsPositive immune cells were observed in tumor, tumor margin, and normal-like adjacent epithelium areas. CD209+ and CD163+ cells were more abundant at the tumor margin. Higher CD209+/CD83+ cell density ratio at the tumor margin was associated with higher risk of ADT and lethal PCa while higher density of CD163+ cells in the normal-like adjacent epithelium was associated with a higher risk of lethal PCa. A combination of 5 genes expressed at high levels correlated with a shorter survival without ADT and lethal PCa. Among these five genes, expression of IL12A and CD163 was correlated to each other and was associated with shorter survival without BCR and ADT/lethal PCa, respectively.ConclusionA higher level of infiltration of CD209+ immature DC and CD163+ M2-type MΦ in the peritumor area was associated with late adverse clinical outcomes.
Transforming growth factor-β1 and SMAD signalling pathway in the small airways of smokers and patients with COPD: potential role in driving fibrotic type-2 epithelial mesenchymal transition
Authors: Brake Samuel James , Lu Wenying , Chia Collin , Haug Greg , Larby Josie , Hardikar Ashutosh , Singhera Gurpreet K. , Hackett Tillie L. , Eapen Mathew Suji , Sohal Sukhwinder Singh 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundCOPD is a common disease characterized by respiratory airflow obstruction. TGF-β1 and SMAD pathway is believed to play a role in COPD pathogenesis by driving epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).MethodsWe investigated TGF-β1 signalling and pSmad2/3 and Smad7 activity in resected small airway tissue from patients with; normal lung function and a smoking history (NLFS), current smokers and ex-smokers with COPD GOLD stage 1 and 2 (COPD-CS and COPD-ES) and compared these with normal non-smoking controls (NC). Using immunohistochemistry, we measured activity for these markers in the epithelium, basal epithelium, and reticular basement membrane (RBM). Tissue was also stained for EMT markers E-cadherin, S100A4 and vimentin.ResultsThe Staining of pSMAD2/3 was significantly increased in the epithelium, and RBM of all COPD groups compared to NC (p &lt;0.0005). There was a less significant increase in COPD-ES basal cell numbers compared to NC (p= 0.02). SMAD7 staining showed a similar pattern (p &lt;0.0001). All COPD group levels of TGF-β1 in the epithelium, basal cells, and RBM cells were significantly lower than NC (p &lt;0.0001). Ratio analysis showed a disproportionate increase in SMAD7 levels compared to pSMAD2/3 in NLFS, COPD-CS and COPD-ES. pSMAD negatively correlated with small airway calibre (FEF25–75%; p= 0.03 r= -0.36). EMT markers were active in the small airway epithelium of all the pathological groups compared to patients with COPD.ConclusionActivation of the SMAD pathway via pSMAD2/3 is triggered by smoking and active in patients with mild to moderate COPD. These changes correlated to decline in lung function. Activation of the SMADs in the small airways is independent of TGF-β1, suggesting factors other than TGF-β1 are driving these pathways. These factors may have implications for small airway pathology in smokers and COPD through the process of EMT, however more mechanistic work is needed to prove these correlations.
Computer-aided diagnosis using embedded ensemble deep learning for multiclass drug-resistant tuberculosis classification
Authors: Sethanan Kanchana , Pitakaso Rapeepan , Srichok Thanatkij , Khonjun Surajet , Weerayuth Nantawatana , Prasitpuriprecha Chutinun , Preeprem Thanawadee , Jantama Sirima Suvarnakuta , Gonwirat Sarayut , Enkvetchakul Prem , Kaewta Chutchai , Nanthasamroeng Natthapong 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThis study aims to develop a web application, TB-DRD-CXR, for the categorization of tuberculosis (TB) patients into subgroups based on their level of drug resistance. The application utilizes an ensemble deep learning model that classifies TB strains into five subtypes: drug sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB), drug resistant TB (DR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).MethodsThe ensemble deep learning model employed in the TB-DRD-CXR web application incorporates novel fusion techniques, image segmentation, data augmentation, and various learning rate strategies. The performance of the proposed model is compared with state-of-the-art techniques and standard homogeneous CNN architectures documented in the literature.ResultsComputational results indicate that the suggested method outperforms existing methods reported in the literature, providing a 4.0%-33.9% increase in accuracy. Moreover, the proposed model demonstrates superior performance compared to standard CNN models, including DenseNet201, NASNetMobile, EfficientNetB7, EfficientNetV2B3, EfficientNetV2M, and ConvNeXtSmall, with accuracy improvements of 28.8%, 93.4%, 2.99%, 48.0%, 4.4%, and 7.6% respectively.ConclusionThe TB-DRD-CXR web application was developed and tested with 33 medical staff. The computational results showed a high accuracy rate of 96.7%, time-based efficiency (ET) of 4.16 goals/minutes, and an overall relative efficiency (ORE) of 100%. The system usability scale (SUS) score of the proposed application is 96.7%, indicating user satisfaction and a likelihood of recommending the TB-DRD-CXR application to others based on previous literature.