bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision‐based approaches to delirium in critical illness: A narrative review
Authors: Ankravs Melissa J. , McKenzie Cathrine A. , Kenes Michael T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDelirium occurs in critical illness and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, having a longstanding impact on survivors. Understanding the complexity of delirium in critical illness and its deleterious outcome has expanded since early reports. Delirium is a culmination of predisposing and precipitating risk factors that result in a transition to delirium. Known risks range from advanced age, frailty, medication exposure or withdrawal, sedation depth, and sepsis. Because of its multifactorial nature, different clinical phenotypes, and potential neurobiological causes, a precise approach to reducing delirium in critical illness requires a broad understanding of its complexity. Refinement in the categorization of delirium subtypes or phenotypes (i.e., psychomotor classifications) requires attention. Recent advances in the association of clinical phenotypes with clinical outcomes expand our understanding and highlight potentially modifiable targets. Several delirium biomarkers in critical care have been examined, with disrupted functional connectivity being precise in detecting delirium. Recent advances reinforce delirium as an acute, and partially modifiable, brain dysfunction, and place emphasis on the importance of mechanistic pathways including cholinergic activity and glucose metabolism. Pharmacologic agents have been assessed in randomized controlled prevention and treatment trials, with a disappointing lack of efficacy. Antipsychotics remain widely used after “negative” trials, yet may have a role in specific subtypes. However, antipsychotics do not appear to improve clinical outcomes. Alpha‐2 agonists perhaps hold greater potential for current use and future investigation. The role of thiamine appears promising, yet requires evidence. Looking forward, clinical pharmacists should prioritize the mitigation of predisposing and precipitating risk factors as able. Future research is needed within individual delirium psychomotor subtypes and clinical phenotypes to identify modifiable targets that hold the potential to improve not only delirium duration and severity, but long‐term outcomes including cognitive impairment.
On the role of sodium and copper off‐stoichiometry in Cu (In,Ga)S2 for photovoltaic applications: Insights from the investigation of more than 500 samples
Authors: Choubrac Léo , Bertin Eugene , Pineau Fabien , Arzel Ludovic , Lepetit Thomas , Assmann Lionel , Aloui Thamer , Harel Sylvie , Barreau Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present article discusses the investigation of CuIn1−xGaxS2 (CIGS) thin films for photovoltaic applications. For decades, a Cu‐rich composition has been used to create solar cells with efficiencies of up to 13.5%; however, interest in chalcopyrite sulfide has recently been revived due to its high and adjustable bandgap, making it a serious candidate as a top cell in tandem configurations. Although chalcopyrite selenides share many properties with CIGS thin films, crucial differences have been reported. To further understand these materials, we studied more than 500 samples of absorbers and resulting solar cells. First, we found that the compositional window for obtaining single‐phase CIGS thin films with a three‐stage co‐evaporation process is very narrow. Second, we reported that a combination of low copper content and sodium addition during growth is required to maximize the photoluminescence intensity (i.e., to minimize the absorber‐related open‐circuit voltage losses). Finally, we showed that solar cell performance and stability depend not only on absorber quality but also on phenomena at interfaces (absorber/buffer and grain boundaries). Altogether, we formulate growth recommendations for the manufacture of stable CIGS/CdS solar cells with state‐of‐the‐art efficiency.
Removal of a mixture of antibiotics in water using nonthermal plasma
Authors: Bilea Florin , Tian Tian , Magureanu Monica , Rabat Hervé , Antoissi Mohamed‐Ali , Aubry Olivier , Hong Dunpin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA dielectric barrier discharge with falling liquid film was used to degrade the antibiotics amoxicillin and sulfamethoxazole in water. The antibiotic concentrations decrease exponentially during plasma treatment and have similar half‐life time, in the range 4–9 min. By increasing the discharge power (9.1–20.2 W), faster removal of the contaminants is obtained, but the energy efficiency remains almost the same, 3–4 g/kWh at 50%. Oxygen considerably improves the energy yield by a factor of two as compared with air, due to more effective formation of reactive oxygen species. It was found that the degradation of antibiotics in mixture essentially depends on the overall initial concentration, this behavior being attributed to the similar reactivity of the two investigated compounds.
Chronic lung disease in children due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia: Case series
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Venkatakrishna Shyam , Frigati Lisa , Janson Jacques , Schubert Pawel , Verster Janette , Gie Andre G. , Myburgh Chantelle , Parker Noor , Du Plooy Elri , Rhode Delano , Bekker Carien , Andronikou Savvas , Rabie Helena , van der Zalm Marieke M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe reported prevalence of chronic lung disease (CLD) due to coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2)]) pneumonia with the severe acute respiratory syndrome in children is unknown and rarely reported in English literature. In contrast to most other respiratory viruses, children generally have less severe symptoms when infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Although only a minority of children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection require hospitalization, severe cases have been reported. More severe SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory disease in infants has been reported in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) compared to high‐income countries (HICs). We describe our experience of five cases of CLD in children due to SARS‐CoV‐2 collected between April 2020 and August 2022. We included children who had a history of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test or a positive antibody test in the serum. Three patterns of CLD related to SARS‐CoV‐2 were identified: (1) CLD in infants postventilation for severe pneumonia (n = 3); (2) small airway disease with bronchiolitis obliterans picture (n = 1) and (3) adolescent with adult‐like post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (n = 1). Chest computerized tomography scans showed airspace disease and ground‐glass opacities involving both lungs with the development of coarse interstitial markings seen in four patients, reflecting the long‐term fibrotic consequences of diffuse alveolar damage that occur in children post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection mostly have mild symptoms with little to no long‐term sequelae, but the severe long‐term respiratory disease can develop.
Updating integrated mite management 50 years later: comparing laboratory pesticide susceptibility of a ‘new’ generalist predatory mite to a cornerstone specialist predator
Authors: Bergeron Paul E , Schmidt‐Jeffris Rebecca A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHistorically, integrated mite management in Washington apple orchards has focused on conservation of the predatory mite Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) to reduce secondary pest mite pressure. However, pesticide use has changed to include more selective products, coinciding with a shift in the predatory mite community composition to include a new major predator, Amblydromella caudiglans (Schuster). There is evidence that A. caudiglans is more pesticide sensitive than G. occidentalis. Therefore, updates to pesticide selectivity recommendations are needed to conserve this ‘new’ key predator. Using bioassays, we examined the lethal (female mortality) and sublethal effects (fecundity, egg hatch, larval survival) of 4 fungicides and 11 insecticides on A. caudiglans, to determine whether existing conservation recommendations can be applied to this predatory mite. Susceptibility was compared with prior research on G. occidentalis.RESULTSMancozeb was the least selective fungicide tested on A. caudiglans; it caused high acute toxicity and sublethal effects. Carbaryl was the least selective insecticide and caused 100% mortality. Captan was the most selective fungicide. Chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole were the most selective insecticides and therefore least likely to disrupt biological control by A. caudiglans. Non‐target effects on A. caudiglans and G. occidentalis were similar, but A. caudiglans experienced higher mortality to some broad‐spectrum insecticides.CONCLUSIONSAll the products tested had some non‐target effects on A. caudiglans. However, A. caudiglans sensitivity to most tested pesticides was similar to that of G. occidentalis. In general, existing spray recommendations for conserving G. occidentalis can be adjusted slightly and applied to A. caudiglans conservation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Metabolic engineering of a 1,8‐cineole synthase enhances aphid repellence and increases trichome density in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Xu Guoyun , Zheng Qingxia , Wei Pan , Zhang Jianfeng , Liu Pingping , Zhang Hui , Zhai Niu , Li Xiaoxu , Xu Xiangli , Chen Qiansi , Cao Peijian , Zhao Jian , Zhou Huina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a harmful agricultural pest that causes severe crop damage by directly feeding or indirectly vectoring viruses. 1,8‐cineole synthase (CINS) is a multiproduct enzyme that synthesizes monoterpenes, with 1,8‐cineole dominating the volatile organic compound profile. However, the relationship between aphid preference and CINS remains elusive.RESULTSHere, we present evidence that SoCINS, a protein from garden sage (Salvia officinalis), enhanced aphid repellence and increased trichome density in transgenic tobacco. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of SoCINS (SoCINS‐OE) led to the emission of 1,8‐cineole at a level of up to 181.5 ng per g fresh leaf. Subcellular localization assay showed that SoCINS localized to chloroplasts. A Y‐tube olfactometer assay and free‐choice assays revealed that SoCINS‐OE plants had a repellent effect on aphids, without incurring developmental or fecundity‐related penalties. Intriguingly, the SoCINS‐OE plants displayed an altered trichome morphology, showing increases in trichome density and in the relative proportion of glandular trichomes, as well as enlarged glandular cells. We also found that SoCINS‐OE plants had significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) levels than wild‐type plants. Furthermore, application of 1,8‐cineole elicited increased JA content and trichome density.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that SoCINS‐OE plants have a repellent effect on aphids, and suggest an apparent link between 1,8‐cineole, JA and trichome density. This study presents a viable and sustainable approach for aphid management by engineering the expression of 1,8‐cineole synthase gene in plants, and underscores the potential usefulness of monoterpene synthase for pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recombinant glutathione transferases from flufenacet‐resistant black‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) form different flufenacet metabolites and differ in their interaction with pre‐ and post‐emergence herbicides
Authors: Parcharidou Evlampia , Dücker Rebecka , Zöllner Peter , Ries Susanne , Orru Roberto , Beffa Roland 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) has become a problematic weed in cereals in Europe. Besides resistance to post‐emergent herbicides becoming increasingly widespread, enhanced metabolism of inhibitors of the synthesis of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), such as flufenacet, is evolving. Yet, cross‐resistance patterns and evolution of this resistance remains poorly understood.RESULTSThe cDNA sequences of five glutathione transferases (GSTs) upregulated in flufenacet resistant black‐grass were identified and used for recombinant protein expression. Moderate to slow detoxification of flufenacet was verified for all candidate GSTs expressed in E. coli, and the most active protein produced flufenacet‐alcohol instead of a glutathione conjugate, in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH). Moreover, cross‐resistance to other VLCFA‐inhibitors e.g., acetochlor and pyroxasulfone and the ACCase inhibitor fenoxaprop was verified in vitro. Various other herbicides of different modes of action including VLCFA‐inhibitors were not detoxified by the candidate GSTs.CONCLUSIONSAs several in planta upregulated GSTs detoxified flufenacet in vitro, the shift in sensitivity observed in black‐grass populations, is likely a result of an additive effect. The polygenic character and the relatively low turnover rate of the individual GSTs may explain the slow evolution of flufenacet resistance. In addition, flufenacet resistance was accompanied by cross‐resistance with some, but not all, herbicides of the same mode of action, and furthermore to the ACCase inhibitor fenoxaprop‐ethyl. Hence, not only the rotation of herbicide modes of action, but also of individual active ingredients is important for resistance management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has displaced Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) as the dominant maize pest in the border area of southwestern China
Authors: Song Yifei , Yang Xianming , Li Hui , Wu Kongming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe invasive fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has widely colonized the tropics and subtropics of Asia. However, the impact on the succession of the Asiatic corn borer (ACB) Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a perennial dominant stemborer of maize in these areas, remains elusive. Here we analyzed the predation relationship, mimicked population competition, and surveyed the pest populations in the border area of Yunnan (southwestern China).ResultsLaboratory assays revealed that the 2nd to 6th instar larvae of FAW preyed on ACB, and only the 4th and 5th instar larvae of ACB preyed on FAW (1st instar larvae only, 50% predation rate). The 6th instar FAW preyed on the 1st to 5th instar ACB with a theoretical maximum of 14.5–58.8 ACB individuals (per maize leaf) and 4.8–25.6 individuals (per tassel). When maize plants were infested with eggs of either FAW or ACB in field cage trials, maize damage was 77.6% and 50.6%, respectively, compared with 77.9% and 2.8% upon co‐infestation. In field surveys conducted in 2019–2021, FAW density was significantly greater than that of ACB, which took a great impact on maize growth.ConclusionOur findings indicate that FAW can outcompete ACB at both the individual and population levels, which may result in FAW becoming the dominant pest. These results provide a scientific basis for further analysis of the mechanism by which FAW invades new agricultural areas and offers early‐warning strategies for pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Stochastic approach for remaining fatigue life prediction considering parametric distributions
Authors: Ho Hsin Shen , Liu Shizhou , Zhang Erliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present work, a stochastic framework, which combines the well‐recognized linear damage rule (LDR) and the uncertainty of material properties under constant amplitude loading, is proposed to improve the accuracy in prediction of remaining fatigue life. The uncertainty quantification approach based on parametric statistics is employed together with the Monte‐Carlo simulation method for modeling the randomness of remaining fatigue life. The impact of several commonly‐used parametric statistics is investigated, and the pertinent one is identified utilizing the Kullback‐Leibler divergence. The proposed framework is validated through the use of experimental fatigue life data under two‐step loading test.
Preferential behavior of Tribolodon hakonensis for fishways according to biological characteristics
Authors: Masumoto Taku , Nakai Masahiko , Asaeda Takashi , Rahman Mizanur 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2012, the fishway in the Miyanaka Intake Dam in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, was reconstructed and divided into three fishways (ice‐harbor‐, stair‐, and rock‐ramp‐type) with different flow velocities and water depths. We conducted an adaptive monitoring survey in these fishways from 2012 to 2020, and 33 fish types were found, including migratory, swimming, small swimming, and benthic fishes. Many species displayed a preference for specific fishways. The run‐up for Tribolodon hakonensis was studied to determine the effects of physical parameters such as body length, rush speed for instantaneous swimming, water temperature, and presence/absence of nuptial coloration on fishway preference. T. hakonensis with nuptial coloration had greater body length and higher rush speeds than those without it. They also preferred the ice‐harbor fishway, whereas their shorter, uncolored counterparts preferred the stair and rock‐ramp alternatives. The environmental conditions selected by T. hakonensis changed according to their growth stage, as did fishway preference. Changes in fishway environmental conditions may have influenced the observed differences in fishway populations. It was thus confirmed that developing fishways with different flow velocities and water depths is effective in supporting the various life stages of T. hakonensis.
Information voids and cross‐border bandwagons of foreign direct investment into an emerging economy
Authors: Yang Jing Yu , Kim Minyoung , Li Jiatao , Lu Jane Wenzhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines cross‐border bandwagons of foreign direct investment (FDI), a mass FDI entry process, into an emerging economy by following global investors from multiple home countries. Complementing the frequency mechanism, we introduce a cohesion mechanism that can also drive cross‐border bandwagons of FDI. Drawing on the notion of information voids, we submit that the two mechanisms are based on different origins of information, and their relative effects vary depending on the extent of information voids in the host country. Analyzing a firm‐level data set of Japanese firms’ FDI entries into China between 1986 and 2000, we find a high level of information voids in the host country strengthens Japanese firms’ cohesion‐based cross‐border bandwagons of FDI, while suppressing their frequency‐based cross‐border bandwagons of FDI.Managerial SummaryCross‐border bandwagons of FDI into emerging economies have been a prominent phenomenon driving globalization in the past three decades. It is noteworthy that global investors from different countries contributed unequally to this process. This is because the information voids in an emerging economy create challenges for global investors to effectively source FDI bandwagon information from other countries, restricting the frequency mechanism in driving cross‐border bandwagons of FDI. In this article, we introduce a new cohesion mechanism in driving cross‐border bandwagons of FDI: an investor's international networks of FDIs. We then compare the relative effectiveness of the two mechanisms and find that the frequency mechanism weakens while the cohesion mechanism strengthens, when the level of information voids in a host country increases.
The role of networks and capabilities in the internationalization of SMEs in North Africa: The case of Egyptian SMEs
Authors: Aldibiki Amira , El Ebrashi Raghda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExecutive SummaryThis research studies the role of networks in the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging country; mediated by internationalization capabilities. Self‐administered surveys targeting 300 SMEs in Egypt were employed, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that nonbusiness institutional networks have a direct positive impact on Egyptian SMEs' international performance, while the direct relationship between interfirm networks and social networks with international growth showed insignificant results. Moreover, the mediating role of the internationalization capabilities showed significant results between the three types of networks and SMEs' international performance. This study is an original attempt to differentiate among the types of networks, and how each affect SMEs' international growth. Additionally, empirical evidence is provided for the role of networks in building SMEs' internationalization capabilities in an emerging country context, where research has received less attention.AbstractThis research aims to study the role of networks in the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging country. The research also investigates the mediating effect of internationalization capabilities; namely disruption and value‐adding capabilities in the internationalization process. This study is following a conclusive descriptive research design, utilizing a quantitative methodology using self‐administered surveys. Data were collected from 300 SMEs in Egypt from various industries. The results indicated that nonbusiness institutional networks have a direct positive impact on Egyptian SMEs' international performance. However, the direct impact of interfirm networks and social networks on SMEs' international performance showed insignificant results. Moreover, the mediating role of the internationalization capabilities, namely disruption capabilities and value‐adding capabilities, showed significant results; mediating the relationship between the three types of networks and SMEs' international performance. This study contributes to the networks theory as well as the dynamic capabilities theory, where we postulate that various types of networks support the development of specific capabilities crucial for firms' internationalization. The study is important for SME managers as it identifies the specific importance of business, social, and nonbusiness institutional networks to enhance SMEs' international performance in emerging countries. This study employed AMOS‐SPSS version 21 for data analysis.
Metabolomics of astaxanthin biosynthesis and corresponding regulation strategies in Phaffia rhodozyma
Authors: Yang Haoyi , Yang Liang , Du Xiping , He Ning , Jiang Zedong , Zhu Yanbing , Li Lijun , Ni Hui , Li Qingbiao , Li Zhipeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAstaxanthin is a valuable carotenoid and is used as antioxidant and health care. Phaffia rhodozyma is a potential strain for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin. The unclear metabolic characteristics of P. rhodozyma at different metabolic stages hinder astaxanthin's promotion. This study is conducted to investigate metabolite changes based on quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry metabolomics method. The results showed that the downregulation of purine, pyrimidine, amino acid synthesis, and glycolytic pathways contributed to astaxanthin biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the upregulation of lipid metabolites contributed to astaxanthin accumulation. Therefore, the regulation strategies were proposed based on this. The addition of sodium orthovanadate inhibited the amino acid pathway to increase astaxanthin concentration by 19.2%. And the addition of melatonin promoted lipid metabolism to increase the astaxanthin concentration by 30.3%. It further confirmed that inhibition of amino acid metabolism and promotion of lipid metabolism were beneficial for astaxanthin biosynthesis of P. rhodozyma. It is helpful in understanding metabolic pathways affecting astaxanthin of P. rhodozyma and provides regulatory strategies for metabolism.