bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus-Driven Definition for Unequivocal Sacroiliitis on Radiographs in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Brandon Timothy G. , Lambert Robert G. , Biko David M. , Chauvin Nancy A. , Francavilla Michael L. , Herregods Nele , Hendry Alison M. , Maksymowych Walter P. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveRadiography is still used worldwide for the detection of sacroiliitis in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA), despite its low sensitivity and reliability. We aimed to define unequivocal evidence of sacroiliitis on pelvic radiography in skeletally immature youth for use in classification criteria when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unavailable.MethodsSubjects were a retrospective cohort of juvenile patients with spondyloarthritis with a radiograph and MRI as part of a diagnostic evaluation for axial disease. Six musculoskeletal imaging experts underwent an iterative consensus process to define unequivocal sacroiliitis on radiography in skeletally immature youth. Radiographs were graded using the modified New York (mNY) criteria and the unequivocal sacroiliitis criteria. Interrater agreement was assessed with the Fleissstatistic. Specificity, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), and sensitivity of the 2 measures were tested using 2 MRI reference standards.ResultsA total of 112 subjects, with a median age of 14.9 (range 6.7-20.1) years, were included. The Fleisswas fair for the mNY criteria (0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.67) and the unequivocal sacroiliitis criteria (0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.69). The unequivocal sacroiliitis criteria achieved > 90% specificity using both MRI reference standards. Sensitivity (59.26 and 57.14 vs 44.83 and 43.33) and AUROC (0.76 and 0.76 vs 0.71 and 0.71) were higher, for both reference standards, for the unequivocal sacroiliitis in youth definition than for the mNY criteria, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, we propose the first consensus-derived definition to our knowledge of unequivocal sacroiliitis by radiography in skeletally immature youth. This definition achieved excellent specificity and had higher AUROC and sensitivity values than the mNY criteria using both MRI reference standards. This definition has applicability to the JSpA axial disease classification imaging criterion when MRI is unavailable.
De la spatialisation fine des données urbaines en Afrique aux objets géographiques non identifiés
Authors: Gazel Hervé , Moriconi-Ébrard François , San Emeterio José Luis 
Published: April 2023

Dans la base de données régionale Africapolis, issue de la base Geopolis, l’agglomération dite « urbaine » est une unité bâtie sans plus de 200 mètres de discontinuité et qui compte 10000 habitants au minimum : c’est un objet géographique perceptible dans l’univers matériel. Or, certaines agglomérations atteignent des chiffres de population dignes de ceux des grandes métropoles tout en étant absentes des statistiques officielles nationales et internationales : elles sont non identifiées. Ces objets géographiques non identifiés (OGNI) se caractérisent par une densification de la population dans des régions dont l’habitat traditionnel était déjà dense. L’article s’attache à décrire les OGNI les plus remarquables par leur taille, puis à proposer des explications sur les modalités de leur émergence.
Du bon usage de la personnalité juridique en matière de responsabilité écologique
Authors: Fabre-Magnan Muriel 
Published: April 2023

La personnalisation juridique de la nature, souvent invoquée comme solution aux problèmes écologiques, peut être un outil intéressant, à la condition de comprendre son mécanisme et ses fonctions. De nombreuses personnes morales existent en réalité déjà en la matière, qu’elles soient de droit privé (par exemple des associations de protection de l’environnement) ou de droit public (par exemple des établissements publics chargés de la gestion d’un parc national). Il serait possible d’aller un peu plus loin encore, mais prétendre que ce sont directement les éléments de la nature qui « ont » la personnalité juridique ne peut être que contre-productif et conduire au contraire à des effets de déresponsabilisation.
Une voie territoriale et citoyenne pour l’agriculture et l’alimentation de demain
Authors: Léger François 
Published: April 2023

Le modèle agricole français repose sur des structures et une logique industrielles aujourd’hui en crise comme en témoignent la précarité des agriculteurs et la destruction de la biodiversité. Face à cette situation, une voie territoriale, citoyenne et écologique pour l’agriculture et l’alimentation de demain est possible. Rien ne peut être espéré sans une rupture stratégique radicale qui place au sommet de la hiérarchie des objectifs la question sociale (conserver le plus grand nombre possible d’agriculteurs, leur garantir des conditions de vie équitables, restaurer leur dignité sociale) dont peuvent se déduire toutes les autres : alimentation saine, vertu environnementale, revitalisation des espaces ruraux.
Primeros registros de tres especies de Clytini (Coeloptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) para los estados mexicanos de Oaxaca y Chiapas
Authors: Guzmán-Vásquez Héctor Miguel 
Published: April 2023

Se presentan nuevos registros de distribución para cuatro especies de Clytini en los estados mexicanos de Oaxaca y Chiapas. Se registra por primera vez la presencia de Dexithea klugii (Castelnau & Gory, 1841) y Placosternus crinicornis (Chevrolat, 1860) en Oaxaca, y Placosternus guttatus (Chevrolat, 1860) en Chiapas. Además, se proporcionan nuevos registros de localidades para Placosternus erythropus (Chevrolat, 1835) en Oaxaca. Se incluyen imágenes de los adultos y sus mapas de distribución.
Maurice Goldring : Pleasant His Scholar’s Life
Authors: Colantonio Laurent 
Published: April 2023

Maurice Goldring a marqué de son empreinte la recherche française en études irlandaises entre les années 1970 et les années 2010. Il fut aussi un chercheur et un historien reconnu et respecté en Irlande. À partir de grilles d’analyses variées, il a mis en perspective, déconstruit, renversé parfois, des lectures trop simples du passé irlandais, nationalistes aussi bien qu’unionistes. Cette rétrospective intellectuelle propose une évaluation critique de sa contribution à l’historiographie irlandaise du dernier demi-siècle, dans le temps court de la production des textes, comme dans celui, plus étiré, de leur réception, à partir de trois axes thématiques qu’il n’a cessé de faire dialoguer : la nation et ses intellectuels, la tension entre émancipation et exclusion, le laboratoire socio-politique nord-irlandais.
Francis Stuart’s Black List, Section H (1971): An Irishman in Berlin, 1939-1945
Authors: Mikowski Sylvie 
Published: April 2023

This paper summarises the fate of novelist Francis Stuart, who was initially close to the Celtic Revival, married Iseult Gonne and enrolled in the IRA in the Irish Civil War. After he reached some literary fame in the 1930s, in 1939 he was invited to give lectures in Germany and then to record radio programs meant to broadcast Nazi propaganda to neutral Ireland. Stuart related all these personal experiences in Black List, Section H, published in 1971. His activities in Germany during World War II were brought to broad daylight again in the 1980s and 1990s, causing fierce controversy in Ireland. This paper examines the reasons which may explain why a whole generation of Irish writers took sides with Stuart at the time, despite the evidence of his past involvement in the service of Nazi Germany, a commitment which transpires in Black List, Section H.
Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography for Staging of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Prisadov Georgi , Blume-Vulin Anja , Scharpenberg Martin , Welcker Katrin , Kesieme Emeka Blessius , Linder Albert 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The tumor involvement of lymph nodes (LN) in N2 station is a very important factor for the further therapy decision and the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Today, integrated positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is considered to be the new standard in the staging of bronchial carcinoma. The aim of this study is to investigate the correctness of the clinical staging of the mediastinal LNs in operated patients and to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the PET-CT examination for mediastinal LNs.

Subjects and Methods:
In the years 2010–2014, 359 patients underwent surgery for bronchial carcinoma. The histological examination of all mediastinal and hilar LNs was used as a reference to the data from the PET-CT examinations. The correctness of the PET staging, overestimation, and underestimation for the N stage was analyzed. In addition, the “sensitivity,” “specificity,” and “overall accuracy” of the PET-CT examination with regard to the N2 LNs were calculated.

Results:
It was found that in 8.9% the staging of the mediastinal N2/N3 LN stations was rated too high by the PET and in 11.2% too low. The study showed a sensitivity of 47.37%, a specificity of 90.07%, and an accuracy of 81.01% for the mediastinal LNs.

Conclusion:
Our study confirms the limited ability of integrated PET-CT in staging the mediastinal LNs. We, therefore, recommend a histological examination of the LNs in patients with PET-positive N2 LNs to avoid false-positive results and to initiate correct therapy.
Changes in Opthalmic Artery Doppler Velocimetry in Women with Preeclampsia in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Hikima Mustapha Shu’aibu , Adamu Mansur Yahuza , Lawal Yusuf , Isyaku Kabiru , Isma’il Anas 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are among the most serious complications of pregnancy and represent important contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia (PE)–eclampsia syndrome is the most important hypertensive gestational condition. Maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetry enables the identification of pregnant women with increased cerebral blood flow who are at risk of developing severe PE and eclampsia. Hence the need to determine the changes in ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetric indices in PE in Kano, Nigeria becomes paramount.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety-six patients with the clinical diagnosis of PE and 96 normotensive pregnant controls between 20 and 40 weeks’ gestational age were recruited for this study. Ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetric indices of the two groups were measured and documented.

Results:
The mean velocimetric measurements in the control group were as follows: peak systolic velocity (PSV) = 38.04 ± 13.68 cm/s, End-diastolic volume (EDV) =9.14 ± 3.65 cm/s, resistivity index (RI) = 0.75 ± 0.091, pulsatility index (PI) =1.62 ± 0.55, peak mesodiastolic velocity (PMDV) = 21.02 ± 8.83 cm/s, peak ratio (PR) = 0.56 ± 0.14. The mean velocimetric indices in the PE group were PSV = 44.59 ± 11.54 cm/s, EDV = 12.23 ± 2.66 cm/s, RI = 0.71 ± 0.069, PI = 1.67 ± 0.42, PMDV = 32.27 ± 9.12 and PR = 0.72 ± 0.10.

Conclusion:
There is a significant difference in the ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetric indices between women with PE and normal pregnant women. Ophthalmic artery Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool in monitoring the hemodynamic changes in cerebral circulation in PE.
Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Due to Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
Authors: Kumar Chanchal , Shrivastava Kamal , Singh Anupriya , Chauhan Varsha , Varma-Basil Mandira 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are increasingly being recognized as potential pathogens. RGM, particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium chelonae, have been observed in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections including cutaneous, soft-tissue, and wound infections. However, there are limited reports of these potential pathogens from skin and soft-tissue infections. Moreover, the drug susceptibility profile of RGM is largely unknown in several regions of the world.

Methods:
We analyzed reports on RGM isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections globally for details of RGM species and drug susceptibility profile. We also analyzed the drug susceptibility profile of four RGM isolates, obtained from skin and soft-tissue infections in our laboratory, by broth microdilution method.

Results:
In the reports reviewed, the most common RGM isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections were M. abscessus (184/475, 38.7%), M. fortuitum (150/475, 31.5%), M. chelonae (72/475, 15%), and M. chelonae–M. abscessus complex (46/475, 9.6%). However, drug susceptibility was tested only in 26/39 (66.6%) reports. In our own laboratory, we obtained three isolates of M. abscessus and one isolate of M. fortuitum from one case of breast abscess and three cases of postsurgical wound infections. Maximum susceptibility of M. abscessus was observed to clarithromycin, amikacin, and linezolid. The M. fortuitum isolate was susceptible to clarithromycin, amikacin, clofazimine, and linezolid.

Conclusion:
Paucity of information available on RGM isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections highlights the need to be aware of the pathogenic potential and the drug susceptibility profile of these organisms.
Quality of Life and Mental Health Status of Hansen Disease Patients, Attending a Designated Leprosy Care Center in South-India
Authors: Patil Avinash , Mayur S. S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
“Quality of life (QOL)” is relatively a new concept, which originates from the World Health Organization (WHO) “health” definition. The WHO defines “health” as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. It introduces a word, “well-being,” which has two components, one the objective component and the second subjective component. The objective component mainly includes all the material possession by an individual, whereas the subjective component includes the perception of health by an individual, i.e., “QoL.” It has been observed that most of the persons affected by Hansen's Disease (leprosy) have good economic conditions, but they continue to suffer from social, psychological, and physical problems which makes their life miserable. Hence, an attempt has been made to assess their QOL and factors determining them.

Method:
A convenient sampling technique was used and 114 persons affected with Hansen's disease were studied. The study was conducted for a period of 1 year from November 2012 to October 2013. QOL was assessed using the WHO QOL-BREF Questionnaire and mental health status by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. The results were obtained using SPSS 17.0 software, statistical tests such as Chi-square test, ANOVA, and standard multiple logistic regression analysis were used.

Results:
Quality of leprosy patients was poor. The mean WHOQOL-BREF total score was below average (mean score <65). Physical QOL of leprosy was more affected in females (mean WHOQOL-BREF score = 20.80). Mental distress was more prevalent in males (74.6%) compared to females (25.4%). Presence of deformities, female sex of the patient, and advanced age of the patient showed the greatest association with adverse QOL.

Conclusion:
Presence of physical disabilities or deformities and advanced age of leprosy patients adversely affect QOL of leprosy patients, whereas low level of education and poor socioeconomic status do not have a significant effect on QOL.
Central versus Peripheral Lesion on Chest X-Ray
Authors: Nguyen-Ho Lam , Tran-Van Ngoc , Le-Thuong Vu 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Clinical characteristics of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) patients whose sputum smears were negative have not been elucidated yet.

Method:
EBTB patients with negative sputum smears were documented retrospectively at the outpatient pulmonary clinic from late 2015 to early 2019.

Results:
We described the characteristics of 31 EBTB patients with negative sputum smears. The median age was 36 years (range 18–81 years). The male-to-female ratio is 1:1.58. The “peripheral” lesion group included 16 cases with opacity/consolidation, 2 cases with atelectasis, 1 case with cavitary lesion, and 1 case with pleural effusion. The “central” lesion group included four cases with normal chest X-ray and seven cases with only unilateral hilar enlargement. EBTB patients with “central” lesion were more common the presence of cough, the positive rate of bronchial lavage acid-fast bacilli smear, and the rate of misdiagnosis as pharyngitis, bronchitis, or asthma than that with “peripheral” lesion.

Conclusions:
EBTB with negative sputum smears was found in adult patients at any age and predominant in females. The diagnosis of EBTB with “central” lesion was more difficult than that with “peripheral” lesion. The location of the lesion could play a role in inducing cough among EBTB patients.
In Vitro Anti-Mycobacterium ulcerans and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Selected Medicinal Plants and an Indoloquinoline Alkaloid
Authors: Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Atchoglo Philip Kobla , Ackah Raphael Yaw , Tsouh Fokou Patrick Valere , Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Yeboah-Manu Dorothy , Appiah-Opong Regina , Mensah Abraham Yeboah 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Mycobacterium ulcerans. BU is an endemic disease in many communities in sub-Saharan Africa where population have long history of using medicinal plants for treatment. Indeed, several medicinal plants have been documented against BU and related conditions. The present study was undertaken to prove the efficacy of seven medicinal plants documented for the treatment of mycobacterial infections and related symptoms in Ghana.

Method:
Antimycobacterial activity of the stem bark extracts and reference control drugs were conducted using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) assay method in clear round bottom 96-well microtiter plates. The extracts that showed anti-mycobacterium ulcerans activity were assessed for cytotoxicity using the Alamar blue assay.

Results:
Overall, The Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root aqueous extract exhibited the highest antimycobacterial activity (MIC=64 μg/mL) followed by Cleistopholis patens (MIC=256 μg/mL). Based on the marked activity of the Cryptolepis sanguinolenta extracts, pure cryptolepine, its major metabolite recorded a MIC value of 32 μg/mL. These extracts with considerable antimycobacterial activity showed 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) ranging from 94 to 384 μg/mL.

Conclusions:
Thus, Cleistopholis patens and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta are primed for further studies and could afford novel drugs for the mitigation of buruli ulcer disease.
Validation and Comparative Analysis of Kogene Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Typing Kit and Its Application on Clinically Isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Samples from National Tuberculosis Hospital, Republic of Korea
Authors: Jung Jihee , Kang Taeuk , Hwang Yoohyun , Ryoo Sungweon 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health burden in Korea. Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) is preferred for epidemiological TB investigation. Until recently, the difficulty lies in epidemiological TB investigation due to the absence of commercialized MIRU-VNTR in Korea. Here, we have evaluated the newly designed MIRU-VNTR kit by Kogenebiotech, Korea.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 samples, where 100 are Mycobacrerium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and the other 100 are non-M. tuberculosis, were used. Initially, the Kogenebiotech MIRU-VNTR typing kit (KoMIRU) was compared with Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Genotyping of M. tuberculosis typing kit (MVNTR) by Philip Supply for validation purpose. Then, Limit of Detection for DNA copies was optimized. Finally, KoMIRU and Genoscreen MIRU-VNTR typing kit (GeMIRU) were tested and comparatively analyzed for its specificity and sensitivity.

Results:
The study showed that the KoMIRU has slightly higher discriminatory power over MVNTR, 100% versus 97.5%. In comparative analysis, the KoMIRU has shown comparable capability as GeMIRU, showing 100% for sensitivity and specificity with a 95% CI value of 96.38 to 100.00%. Also, no discrepancies were observed on discriminated lineage strains between KoMIRU and GeMIRU. Out of 100, 84 were identified as Beijing strains, and remains were identified as NEW-1 (n = 8), Uganda (n = 6), East African Indian (EAI) (n = 6), Turkey (n = 2), and Haarlem (n = 1).

Conclusion:
In this study, KoMIRU has shown a comparable capability to GeMIRU. Furthermore, previous researches had suggested an association between lineage strains and drug resistance; hence, the implementation of KoMIRU can help in TB control and prevention.
Percutaneous creation of new bilioenteric anastomosis in a patient with accidentally failed hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Park Suyoung , Kim Jeong Ho , Hwang Jung Han , Yu Sung Hyun , Choi Sang Tae 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
If the cause of the bile leakage after hepaticojejunostomy is accidental non-anastomosis of one bile duct, it is unlikely that the leakage will resolve spontaneously, and reoperation may be necessary. However, if the patient has contraindications to surgery, other treatments should be considered. In this case report, we describe a new percutaneous tract creation between the isolated right bile duct and Roux-en-Y afferent jejunal loop in a patient who underwent hepaticojejunostomy, and the right bile duct was accidentally not anastomosed with the jejunal loop.
Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth of African Countries
Authors: Sam Kilimvi Dr. Aitaa , Solomon Ezekwesiri Amadi 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to understand the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth of Africa. Although Africa is the second-most populous continent in the world with a 3.17% growth rate, it has the biggest proportion of the world's population without access to a bank, at a startling 45% throughout the continent. However, a growing number of Fintech businesses have emerged in Africa in recent years to address the issue of financial inclusion. With this advent, it was imperative to study the phenomenon and ascertain if there is any effect on the economy.
Methodology: Descriptive and Correlational Research Design were employed to explain and examine the relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth. This study adopted the quantitative research approach. Secondary data from Financial Access Survey (FAS), World Development Indicators (WDI) and The Global Financial Index Report from 2015 – 2021 were examined. The relationships were tested using Generalized Moments Method (GMM) that was preferred over the Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) because of its efficiency and veracity to work with small samples. The data was presented in form of tables and graphs.
Findings: The results showed that financial inclusion indicators are positively correlated to the economic growth. Using the dimensions of financial inclusion such as availability, penetration, and usage, we can ascertain a positive impact on the economic growth of Africa at large.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The outcome of the study will guide policy makers to identify the most effective strategies to achieve financial inclusion that enhances economic growth. While previous studies identified ATM and CBB as one of the highest financial inclusion indicators that aid economic growth, it is recommended that BCB with a higher correlation be considered too for economic growth. Therefore, governments should focus on building structures and systems that encourage borrowing to stimulate economic growth.