bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS DURING A THREE YEAR CROP ROTATION ON A CHERNOZEM SOIL IN THE SOUTHERN UKRAINE
Authors: Medinets S. V. , Skiba U. M. , Medinets V. I. , Bilanchin Ya. M. , Pitsyk V. Z. , Goshurenko L. M. , Kotogura S. S. 
Published: June 2023

Soils in the southern Ukraine have been reported to have lost 32% to 40%, or 51 to 71 t ha-1 of their original soil organic matter (SOM) pool between 1881-1981, mainly due to inappropriate soil management by collective farms during 1930-1981. In this period agricultural management was directed towards irresponsible expansion of arable fields and short-term yield increases. Modern, sustainable agricultural management is slowly being introduced. There is a need to assess to what extend such methods stabilize and build new SOM to support and increase fertility both in the short and long-term. This study investigates the influence of a modern crop rotation (onion-tomato-barley) on one field, which was tilled, fertilized, irrigated and harvested in response to the crops needs, on the dynamics of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage in the fertile topsoil of a Chernozem typical for southern Ukraine. Crop residue remained on the field. The results of three years (2007-2009) of quarterly monitoring of the key topsoil parameters TOC, TN, extractable mineral N (NH4+, NO3-, NO2-), pH, potential net N mineralisation (MIN) and nitrification (NITR) rates and physical characteristics (bulk density, soil texture) are discussed. Moderate (114 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and low (28 kg N ha-1 yr-1) N fertilizer applications together with adequate drip irrigation for onion and tomato and incorporation of plant residue did significantly change the C and N pools. Total organic carbon and TN contents of the topsoil horizon (0-74 cm) were found to increase by 20% (26.8 t C ha-1) and 38% (5.9 t N ha-1), respectively. Largest increases were measured in the surface layer (0-27 cm) with a 45% increase in TOC and a 36% increase in TN content. The largest average soil NH4+ content of the topsoil horizon (0-74 cm) was observed in 2009 under barley (154.9±41.3 kg N ha-1) and the maximum average NO3- content was 166.9±44.5 kg N ha-1 under tomato in 2008. Mineralisation and nitrification rates significantly varied between years and with season and were largest in the first year of the crop rotation (onion), 41.0±57.3 kg N ha-1 and 36.6±74.4 kg N ha-1 for MIN and NITR, respectively. The incorporation of plant residues and efficient N fertilizer applications within a crop rotation appeared to be effective in stabilizing the existing SOM and promoting SOM build-up.
NORMALIZATION DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF MAXIMUM RUNOFF OF SPRING FLOOD IN SEVERSKI DONETS RIVER BASIN, BASED ON THE FORMULAS OF THE VOLUMETRIC TYPE
Authors: Gopchenko E. D. , Harkavenko Y. О. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The subject of research is maximum runoff of spring flood in Severski Donets river basin. The task intention consist in substantiation normative-calculation base and on its ground to accomplish a spatial generalization of data of maximum runoff of rivers in Severski Donets river basin.
Methodology. For calculation of characteristics of maximum runoff of spring flood have suggested a great deal of calculation schemas and formulas. At present-day stage it classify for two group. First group it is empirical and semiempirical methods. Second group is methods that base on theory of channel isochronal. At present day we used regulations on calculation of characteristics of maximum runoff of spring flood on territory Ukraine in particular SNiP 2.01.14-83, refer to first group. The main disadvantage of regulations is neglect of major factor forming flood s that have been limited to use in different physiographic conditions. On the other hand, methods lean on theory of channel isochronal do not have necessary of quantity of starting material of hydrological regimen of river and temporary watercourse. The authors have proposed the computational scheme, it which is based on the geometrical model of reduction hydrograph. The basic data are maximum modulus and two transformation functions – channel and channel-inundable regulation.
Finding. The methods have been realize as exemplified in supervisions over maximum runoff of spring flood in Severski Donets river basin. Propose structure design formulas have been distinguish from that she is universal from the point of view of dimension columbine and genetic type of floods and freshet.
Results. The m ethods have been lead to the level of direct practical use instead of obsolete regulations SNiP 2.01.14-83.
NATURE-BASED TOURISM AND CONDITIONS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION
Authors: Medvid L. 
Published: June 2023

Preserving the environment for future generations is one of the most important tasks in all regions. Increasing urbanization processes and the resulting adverse environment made society and a human being pay attention to nature and communicate with it. Nature-oriented forms of tourism are called in special and popular literature: mild, nature (natural), mountain (alpine), rural (green, agrotourism), environmental. The purpose of the study: the development of nature-based forms of tourism in the Transcarpathian region. The aim is to define the role and place of the nature tourism in nature-based forms of tourism; to consider the preconditions for their development in the Transcarpathian region. Analysis of national and international literature on the subject of geographical research; use of historical-geographical approach to the study of the subject of research; comparison and synthesis of the research tasks. Transcarpathian region is one of the most attractive regions of Ukraine, where, along with modern recreational and tourist attractions areas of “wilderness” e. i. untouched nature can be found. This is the basis for the development of “new” forms of tourism in the area, which includes nature-based tourism (including – nature tourism), which is based on the use of resources, environment and development that require “wild” natural systems and their biodiversity, environmentally friendly territory, where economic activity has not changed the landscape. The basic condition for the development of nature tourism is its ecological orientation, that means it should contribute to the conservation of the natural environment and be aiming for a tourist to obtain new knowledge about nature and the world around us while traveling. The advantages of nature-based tourism is that it can be performed in amateur and in an organized form, is an effective kind of nature use and promotes the sustainable development of territories. In a general sense nature tourism is a complex of forms and ways of leisure travel in the natural environment the main advantage of which is integrity of nature or its components, and the purpose of the stay in the environment is getting new experiences, positive emotions from contact with nature and learning and exploring nature.Taking into account these characteristics it can be noted that the Transcarpathian region has all the preconditions for the development of nature tourism (natural geographic, ecological, social and economic) for sustainable development of the region. Environmental priorities of nature tourism are to ensure the preservation of pristine landscapes and wildlife on the part of local communities and travelers. Social priority aims to provide interesting and meaningful staying in the environment for tourists, improvement of life quality for local residents, maintenance of principles and requirements of nature tourism. Economic priorities are to support sustainable development of the most vulnerable and valuable areas.
VISIBILITY AND METRIC OF GEOIMAGES AT TRAINING
Authors: Kurach T. M. 
Published: June 2023

The article investigates the levels of manifestation metric and visibility as geoimages properties, found the maximum extent of their expression, providing the choice of appropriate species geoimages with specified properties for a specific purpose, such as for training. Purpose of the article – to investigate and evaluate (verbally) the expression of the metric and visibility as geoimages properties to create combined models in training. The object of the research are the property (symmetric and visibility), the subject is the extent of their possible manifestations at geoimages. Metric property laid to geoimages from their inception with the definition of the mathematical framework and the analysis of finished works in a variety of techniques (dimensions on landscape maps, morphometry, etc.). It is therefore appropriate to distinguish two levels of manifestation metricity: cartographic plotting-and object-math. Both levels allow obtaining metric characteristics of objects and phenomena, but they are laid on the ground in the design of the image, and the second operate with completed works, and their conversion and modeling methods of analysis leads to the conclusion derived geoimages with specified metric properties. Visibility provides graphic visual perception (iconic) image: readability, recognition of spatial forms of objects (size, location, links); optimum combination of graphical tools and methods of the image, unity and integrity of the image. In the study of manifestations of clarity, we can distinguish three levels: 1) readability and recognizable objects, 2) the individual characteristics of graphic processes and phenomena, and 3) the unity and integrity of the image image. Each of these levels has its own degree of manifestation. Using combined geoimages involving performance with the highest degree of visibility and manifestations metricity provide simplicity and clarity of the model while maintaining metricity. Such models, for example, there is virtual, panoramic geoimages etc. Application in the learning process will greatly simplify the perception and memorization of the necessary information, and provide ease of removal rate parametric characteristics and their treatment.
PELOIDS OF THE DEEP BLACK SEA – MATERIAL COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL RESOURCES
Authors: Iemelianov V. O. , Nikitina A. O. 
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this study is to prove that certain types of genetic materials of the deepwater Black Sea sediments correspond to the notion of “deepwater peloids”, and that their stocks in the upper layers of the bottom sediments are virtually inexhaustible. To achieve the main goal the number of problems is solved, namely the particle size, mineral and chemical composition of the solid phase of the deepwater silt deposits were defined, including the analysis of their carbonate and organic matter content, moisture content, mass, density, bulk density, plastic strength, stickiness and other properties of the bottom sediments. The preliminary estimates of reserves and the prospective resources estimation of deepwater Black Sea peloids were conducted. The object of the study is the main material and genetic types of the deepwater silt sediments of the Black Sea.As the material for this study the authors used the archival and published data of analytical processing with a wide range of involved methods and core samples of bottom sediments obtained in numerous expeditions in the deep Black Sea, including those obtained during the 30th voyage of the SRS “Vladimir Parshin” (2010), as well as 62nd and 75th voyages of the SRS “Professor Vodyanitsky” (2005, 2013) [1, 3, 6]. According to their research results the authors proved that for the last 7 – 10 thousand years the multiphase dispersed heterogeneous physic-chemical system was formed in the deep Black Sea that spatially occupied mainly the upper (0 – 3 m) layer of the bottom sediments. With the unique granule-metric, mineral, chemical and physic-chemical and physic-mechanical properties, this system may be defined as “peloids”.The results of geological and geologic-environmental studies of the deepwater area of the Black Sea confirmed the perspective of conducting within its Ukrainian sector of the specific geologic exploration operations in order to delineate the deposits of the Black Sea deepwater peloids. Preliminary calculations show that such deposit may be huge in size.The target area for immediate geologic exploration works for identification of the main types of industrial deepwater Black Sea peloids, their stocks and medicinal properties is defined. Given these results it could be predicted that production and widespread use of the Black Sea deep peloids shall be economically feasible with the application of sustainable technologies and ensuring compliance with both Ukrainian and international law.
AGROCLIMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT BY SPRING FROST DAMAGE OF OVIDIOPOLSKYI AND LANKA GRAPE VARIETIES
Authors: Lyashenko G. V. , Marinin E. I. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The aim is to assess the degree of risk of damage to the grapes of different varieties of spring frost using the developed model, the conditional probability of frost.
Methodology. The initial information was compiled observations in the Odessa region in the thermal regime in the spring and autumn periods in five agrometeorological stations (Odessa, Bolhrad, Ishmael, Serb and Sarata) in wine-growing zone. Calculations were made for table varieties and wine grapes – Ovidiopolskii and Lanka. To determine the risk of frost damage to grapes used the method of conditional probabilities.
Finding. Termination date of spring frosts observed much earlier onset dates vegetative phases of grapes, in some circumstances, freezing in the active layer can be up to very dangerous levels.
Results. In the course of this work it was found that over the past decade, the timing of phenological phases grapes shifted to a later time. Such changes are observed both for dining and for wine grapes with varying degrees of ripening period. For the entire period of time periods offensive phase «Start Sap» and «bud» has shifted almost a decade. Nevertheless, despite the fact that according to the temperature in the meteorological hut (at 2 m) the risk of damage to grapes in the spring varies from 8 to 15% in the layer of air 50 cm from the soil surface can be observed risks of damage from 40 to 95 %.
BALNEOLOGIC, BALNEOMUD AND CLIMATIC RECREATIONAL RESOURCES NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA COAST IN RESORT FUNCTION OF REGION
Authors: Molodetsky A. E. , Pyshnaya A. A. 
Published: June 2023

Balneology and climate balneomud recreational resources are an important component of recovery, treatment and rehabilitation of all population groups. The most modern and equipped resorts North-Western Black Sea can potentially significantly increase its contribution to improving the quality of life of the population and the resort functions of region. This article discusses some of the profiling of the Black Sea and recreation systems balneomud climatetype, and the use of their resources. Objective of this paper is to study mineral and mud resources of the most important territorial recreation systems of the three regions of the North-Western Black Sea region of Ukraine: Odessa, Mykolayiv and Kherson in terms of their recreational and tourist use, aswell as to diversify the socio-economic features of the region. We used the methods of content analysis of the literature and reporting information, statistical processing of data, estimates Bonitation factors functioning and development of recreation systems. Having studied in this research balneotherapy, mud-bath and climatic resources in the most perspective recreational systems Northwestern Black Sea resorts on the example ofOdessa, Nikolaev, Kherson region, we have identified the characteristics of their recreational and tourist use, socio-economic functions of these regions. By systematizing and analyzing the data, a table Bonitation rated resorts Kuyalnik, Lebedevka, Sergeevka, Ochakov Rybakovka, Gopri, skadovsk that defines recreational potential areas on the main indicators. The highest score (29) received resorts Kuyalnik and Skadovsk mainly due to tourism infrastructure and a well-developed social and economic spheres. Fewer points (27) observein resorts Sergeevka, Ochakov, Gopri the territories which received low marks cultural-historical and socio-economic factors. The lowest score (22 and 25) counted resorts Lebedevka and Rybakovka in terms of natural, cultural-historical, infrastructural and socio-economic factors. For further use of the recreational areas considered necessary to create individual programsto improve the tourist potential of resorts that would include data on the degree of development of various factors affecting the increase or decrease of capacity to function of resorts and the region as a whole.
MORPHOLOGY AND GENESIS OF FINE GOLD IN MODERN SEDIMENTS OF THE BLACK SEA
Authors: Fedoronchuk N. A. 
Published: June 2023

Research the morphology and composition of the gold is one way to determine the genesis of fine gold in modern sediments. The purpose of these studies is the morphological characteristics of fine gold, to study the composition of gold, and determine the genesis of fine gold in the Black Sea sediments. The subject of the research is fine gold of modern sea sediments of the North-Western Black Sea shelf. The methodology involves the preparation of sediment samples from the sea depths up to 95 m, the depth of sampling columns – up to 4 m. Was studied over a thousand samples of different lithological types of bottom sediments. Studied the morphology of more than 300 gold particles. Composition of gold was determined of emission spectral analysis andX-ray microprobe studies. The maximum concentration of gold is set in sediments Dnieper depression. The gold particles have a size from 0.005 mm to 0.3 mm. The genesis of gold was determined by particle morphology and confirmed by the results of the analysis of its composition. Terrigenousgold has a flat or form, splices with quartz sometimes present. Authigenous gold has a spherical or round shape. Disseminated silver contained in gold, zone Cl and PbCl present. Much gold have concentric zones of different composition. This fact confirms the authigenous of gold. Processes of formation of gold in sediments are terrigenous and authigenous. Authigenous gold may bethe result of biochemical deposition and submarine hydrothermal processes that are associated with endogenous sources.
USE OF COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT METHODS IN DETERMINING INDUSTRIAL VALUE OF MINERAL DEPOSITS
Authors: Andryeyeva O. O. , Lyzhachenko N. M. 
Published: June 2023

Comperative method of geological and economical assessment is usually used at the early stages of exploration. The topic of the paper is to study the opportunities of using one of these methods, namely: the numerical score. The objective of the paper is to distinguish the main criteria and evaluation figures for determination of economic value of deposits. The subject – geological and economic evaluation figures of bentonite and graphite deposits. Using this assessment, the perspective objects are determined on the basis of analysis of geological, technological and industrial figures of deposits. The article outlines and characterizes the criteria and figures that were used for the assessment of bentonite and graphite deposits of Ukraine. These criteria could be used for systematization and assessment of objects with different level of geological study, for determination of perspective objects of development. The outlined criteria could be adapted for the assessment of other types of mineral deposits.
THE STUDY PROCESSES UNDERFLOODING OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS, IN DEFAULT OF STATIONARY REGIME-OBSERVANT MINING HOLES (ON EXAMPLE SOUTH-WEST OF ODESSA AREA)
Authors: Medvedev О. U. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The study of reasons of under flooding of 101 settlements is conducted in three districts of south-west of the Odessa area. An aim hired consists of ground and drafting of databases (electronic and cartographic) impounded and potentially-impounded settlements of some districts of south-west of the Odessa area. A research object is settlements of three districts – Kiliya, Tarutino and Tatarbunar. The article of research is reasons of under flooding,along with the places of possible flood because of floods or other natural calamities.
Methodology. The basic task of the carried out works was a receipt of reliable information, relatively impounded and potentially-impounded territories within the limits of settlements (SM) for the further acceptance of administrative decisions, in relation to each separate SM.
Finding. In connection with absence of regime-observant network and some regime supervisions was worked out and applied approach which consisted of four stages. On results all stages regime-observant points were selected in which the annual watching is conducted a level and chemical composition of subsoil waters. Annual monitoring supervisions for the last ten years and generalization of their results allowed to make the maps of the territories impounded and potentially impounded, distinguish the places of possible flood within the limits of every SM, to define principal reasons of presence of the territories impounded and potentially impounded within the limits of three districts.
Results. The brought going over near the study of this problem allows more in detail to study and control the processes of under flooding in every settlement at the different degree of working out in detail.
FACTORS FORMING OF UNDERGROUND WATERS REGIME ON THE ZMIINYI ISLAND
Authors: Cherkez E. A. , Medinets V. I. , Svistun V. K. , Pigulevskiy P. I. , Buniak O. A. , Bychenko O. O. 
Published: June 2023

Study of underground water regime is one of components in the general hydrogeological researches. Aim of the work has been to define the main regime-forming factors of underground water in the Zmiinyi Island. Study object is underground water; subject of the work is the main features of the underground waters regime and the factors of its formation.
Methodology. It was comparing hydrogeological and meteorological characteristics (sea level, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric precipitation) with dynamic (level, pressure) and physicochemical (temperature, salinity) parameters of underground water for ascertainment of regularity formation of underground water regime. Date processing has being done with mathematical statistics methods. General characteristic of hydrogeological conditions on the Zmiinyi Island has been given. It has been analyzed temporal variability hydrodynamic and physicochemical elements of underground water under natural conditions and in conditions of anthropogenic impact on the results of underground water monitoring system introduction, as well as on the basis of longterm monitoring observations meteorological and hydrological parameters on the island.
Results. It has been shown that the underground water regime is being formed on the Zmiinyi Island under natural conditions influenced by exogenous (meteorological, hydrological) and exogeodynamic (atmospheric pressure) groups factors, while water abstraction causes disturbed regime.
ASSOSSIATIVE EXPERIMENT AS THE FACTOR FOR ONYM RESEARCH
Authors: Karpenko Оlena , Neklesova Valeriia , Tkachenko Anna 
Published: June 2023

Our point of interest in this paper is reverse onymic associative dictionary. The dataset on which we base our investigation is drafted from the 2021 free associative experiment. The experiment was conducted in Odesa I. I. Mechnikov University with 100 participants. Here we investigated correlations between associations and stimuli, taking onymic reactions into particular focus. In this paper we present the entries compiled in the following way: from associations to their stimuli, listed in alphabetical order. The current study found that onymic reactions cover all the onomastic terminological sphere, our findings include all the main classes of proper names: anthroponyms, toponyms, ethnonyms, theonyms, ideonyms, zoonyms, chrematonyms, chrononyms, ergonyms, phytonyms, cosmonyms. We conclude that the reverse onymic associative dictionary is one of the potent methodological instruments for onomastic studies. The reverse onymic associative dictionary clarifies cultural constants and traditional memetic units which are present in the Ukrainian society.