bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutive equation and microstructure evolution of TiAl alloy during hot deformation
Authors: Tian Shiwei , Yang Zhenyu , Zhang Siyuan , Liao Zhiqian , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Yonggang , Chen Yulai , Jiang Haitao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of TiAl alloy is analyzed by combining the true stress–strain curve and microstructure analysis. The results show that the flow stress of TiAl alloy presents the characteristics of work hardening-dynamic softening, it increases with the increase of strain rate and decreases with the increase of temperature. Based on the true stress–strain curves, the flow stress of TiAl alloy under different deformation conditions is predicted by hyperbolic sinusoidal formula. In addition, the effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the microstructure evolution of TiAl alloy are revealed. In the process of hot compression deformation, dynamic recrystallization and γ→α, β→α phase transformation occurs. During tensile deformation, TiAl alloy exhibits super-plasticity, which is mainly due to grain rotation and coordinated deformation of β phase.
Clinical Neuropsychology of Bilingual Mexican American Adults: Effect of Language Proficiency and Dominance
Authors: Ontiveros Gabriela , Gasquoine Philip Gerard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the association between language proficiency and absolute dominance on language versus visual-perceptual formatted and executive versus delayed memory neuropsychological measures in bilingual adults.

Methods
Data from 55 bilingual, conversationally fluent, neurologically intact, Mexican American, consecutive, adults tested in separate sessions in Spanish and English in a counterbalanced order were analyzed. Age, years of education, self-reported language proficiency, Woodcock–Muñoz Language Survey—Revised (WMLS-R) picture vocabulary measures of language proficiency, and dominance (absolute Spanish—English WMLS-R difference scores) were correlated with 11 measures from La Batería Neuropsicólogica en Español and its original English language tests.

Results
Self-reported and WMLS-R measures of language proficiency were significantly correlated in each language. Absolute language dominance was not significantly associated with any Spanish or English neuropsychological raw score. The WMLS-R language proficiency, but not age or years of education, was significantly correlated with language-formatted neuropsychological measures of California Verbal Learning Test delayed free recall number of words (both languages), letter fluency (both languages), delayed story memory (in English), and Stroop interference (Spanish). Linear regression models using age, years of education, and WMLS-R picture vocabulary scores as predictors were significant for all these measures excepting the last. The WMLS-R language proficiency was not significantly associated with raw scores on any visual-perceptual formatted measure.

Conclusions
Monolingual neuropsychological test norms for language-formatted tests likely overestimate bilingual Mexican Americans’ performance.
Interpretation of SNP combination effects on schizophrenia etiology based on stepwise deep learning with multi-precision data
Authors: Jo Yousang , Webster Maree J , Kim Sanghyeon , Lee Doheon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported many genomic risk loci, but it is unclear how they affect schizophrenia susceptibility through interactions of multiple SNPs. We propose a stepwise deep learning technique with multi-precision data (SLEM) to explore the SNP combination effects on schizophrenia through intermediate molecular and cellular functions. The SLEM technique utilizes two levels of precision data for learning. It constructs initial backbone networks with more precise but small amount of multilevel assay data. Then, it learns strengths of intermediate interactions with the less precise but massive amount of GWAS data. The learned networks facilitate identifying effective SNP interactions from the intractably large space of all possible SNP combinations. We have shown that the extracted SNP combinations show higher accuracy than any single SNPs and preserve the accuracy in an independent dataset. The learned networks also provide interpretations of molecular and cellular interactions of SNP combinations toward schizophrenia etiology.
THGNCDA: circRNA–disease association prediction based on triple heterogeneous graph network
Authors: Guo Yuwei , Yi Ming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules featuring a closed circular structure. They have been proved to play a significant role in the reduction of many diseases. Besides, many researches in clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease have revealed that circRNA can be considered as a potential biomarker. Therefore, understanding the association of circRNA and diseases can help to forecast some disorders of life activities. However, traditional biological experimental methods are time-consuming. The most common method for circRNA–disease association prediction on the basis of machine learning can avoid this, which relies on diverse data. Nevertheless, topological information of circRNA and disease usually is not involved in these methods. Moreover, circRNAs can be associated with diseases through miRNAs. With these considerations, we proposed a novel method, named THGNCDA, to predict the association between circRNAs and diseases. Specifically, for a certain pair of circRNA and disease, we employ a graph neural network with attention to learn the importance of its each neighbor. In addition, we use a multilayer convolutional neural network to explore the relationship of a circRNA–disease pair based on their attributes. When calculating embeddings, we introduce the information of miRNAs. The results of experiments show that THGNCDA outperformed the SOTA methods. In addition, it can be observed that our method gives a better recall rate. To confirm the significance of attention, we conducted extensive ablation studies. Case studies on Urinary Bladder and Prostatic Neoplasms further show THGNCDA’s ability in discovering known relationships between circRNA candidates and diseases.
HURTing: An Analysis of Service User and Carer Referrals to a UK Social Work Regulator
Authors: Hayes Davy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the context of increasing regulation of social workers internationally, this study examines allegations made to a UK social work regulator, the Northern Ireland Social Care Council (NISCC), by service users and carers. A retrospective review of 134 records relating to such allegations during the ten-year period 2006–2015 was undertaken, representing just over one-third (36.4 per cent) of all allegations received. Allegations were made primarily about family and child-care social workers (91.0 per cent) and reflected the four inter-linking categories of concerns about the honesty of social workers, reports that service users/carers were treated unequally, allegations that social workers failed to demonstrate respect in their interactions with service users/carers, and concerns about technical aspects of social workers’ practice. The nature of these allegations forms the acronym HURT that describes both the experiences of service users/carers and the stressful context in which social workers practice. This article concludes that addressing the stress and HURT of both parties is important and makes suggestions regarding how the findings can strengthen the role of the regulator, influence social work practice and empower service users and carers.
m6A-modified circASXL1 promotes proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer through the miR-320d/RACGAP1 axis
Authors: Tian Qi , Mu Qingling , Liu Shuang , Huang Kui , Tang Yi , Zhang Pu , Zhao Jing , Shu Chuqiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can potentially regulate the development of OC. Therefore, this study investigated the role of circASXL1 in OC progression. Cell functions were assessed by MTT, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. RIP and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed the relationship between miR-320d and circASXL1 or RACGAP1. MeRIP was utilized to detect m6A levels. Xenograft tumor was established for in vivo experiments. CircASXL1 and RACGAP1 levels were increased in OC tissues and cells, whereas miR-320d expression was decreased. Upregulation of circASXL1 was associated with poor prognosis in OC patients. CircASXL1 silencing suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL3/IGF2BP1-mediated m6A modification maintained circASXL1 stability and upregulated its expression. CircASXL1 was a ceRNA that sequestrated miR-320d from RACGAP1, leading to increased RACGAP1 expression. CircASXL1 promoted OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion via the miR-320d/RACGAP1 axis. Therefore, m6A-modified circASXL1 acts as an oncogene in OC by targeting miR-320d and activating RACGAP1/PI3K/Akt pathway, which provides novel promising biomarkers for OC diagnosis.
State of the Management of Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms
Authors: Yassin Arsheena , Huralska Mariya , Pogue Jason M , Dixit Deepali , Sawyer Robert G , Kaye Keith S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative (MDR-GN) bacterial infections has increased significantly, leading to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Treating these infections poses numerous challenges, particularly when selecting appropriate empiric therapy for critically ill patients for whom the margin for error is low. Fortunately, the availability of new therapies has improved the treatment landscape, offering safer and more effective options. However, there remains a need to establish and implement optimal clinical and therapeutic approaches for managing these infections. Here, we review strategies for identifying patients at risk for MDR-GN infections, propose a framework for the choice of empiric and definitive treatment, and explore effective multidisciplinary approaches to managing patients in the hospital while ensuring a safe transition to outpatient settings.
Determining Herd Immunity Thresholds for Hepatitis A Virus Transmission to Inform Vaccination Strategies Among People Who Inject Drugs in 16 US States
Authors: Yang Judy , Lo Nathan C , Dankwa Emmanuelle A , Donnelly Christl A , Gupta Ribhav , Montgomery Martha P , Weng Mark K , Martin Natasha K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Widespread outbreaks of person-to-person transmitted hepatitis A virus (HAV), particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID), continue across the United States and globally. However, the herd immunity threshold and vaccination coverage required to prevent outbreaks are unknown. We used surveillance data and dynamic modeling to estimate herd immunity thresholds among PWID in 16 US states.

Methods
We used a previously published dynamic model of HAV transmission calibrated to surveillance data from outbreaks involving PWID in 16 states. Using state-level calibrated models, we estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) and herd immunity threshold for PWID in each state. We performed a meta-analysis of herd immunity thresholds to determine the critical vaccination coverage required to prevent most HAV outbreaks among PWID.

Results
Estimates of R0 for HAV infection ranged from 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–2.5) for North Carolina to 5.0 (95% CI, 4.5–5.6) for West Virginia. Corresponding herd immunity thresholds ranged from 55% (95% CI, 47%–61%) for North Carolina to 80% (95% CI, 78%–82%) for West Virginia. Based on the meta-analysis, we estimated a pooled herd immunity threshold of 64% (95% CI, 61%–68%; 90% prediction interval, 52%–76%) among PWID. Using the prediction interval upper bound (76%) and assuming 95% vaccine efficacy, we estimated that vaccination coverage of 80% could prevent most HAV outbreaks.

Conclusions
Hepatitis A vaccination programs in the United States may need to achieve vaccination coverage of at least 80% among PWID in order to prevent most HAV outbreaks among this population.
Are Contact Precautions “Essential” for the Prevention of Healthcare-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus?
Authors: Diekema Daniel J , Nori Priya , Stevens Michael P , Smith Matthew W , Coffey K C , Morgan Daniel J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The recently updated Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Association of Professionals in Infection Control practice recommendations for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevention in acute care facilities list contact precautions (CPs) for patients known to be infected or colonized with MRSA as an “essential practice,” meaning that it should be adopted in all acute care facilities. We argue that existing evidence on benefits and harms associated with CP do not justify this recommendation. There are no controlled trials that support broad use of CP for MRSA prevention. Data from hospitals that have discontinued CP for MRSA have found no impact on MRSA acquisition or infection. The burden and harms of CP remain concerning, including the environmental impact of increased gown and glove use. We suggest that CP be included among other “additional approaches” to MRSA prevention that can be implemented under specific circumstances (eg outbreaks, evidence of ongoing transmission despite application of essential practices).
Learning from architectural theory about how cities work as complex and evolving spatial systems
Authors: Froy Francesca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article seeks to advance a key element of the methodological framework for evolutionary economic geography (EEG)—the conceptualisation of ‘urban space’. Drawing on recent theories from architecture and urban data science, it argues that the networked and topological qualities of urban built environments have been neglected in the EEG discipline, and yet they play an important role in how cities work as ‘complex evolving systems’. The article explores different ways in which the spatial configuration of cities influences urban economic evolution, drawing on Bill Hillier’s theory of space syntax and a case study from Greater Manchester. It concludes that when urban street systems are disrupted this can potentially become one contributing factor in why places become economically ‘left behind’.
Cryptanalysis Of A Type Of White-Box Implementations Of The SM4 Block Cipher
Authors: Lu Jiqiang , Li Jingyu , Chen Zexuan , Li Yanan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The SM4 block cipher is a Chinese national standard and an ISO international standard. Since white-box cryptography has many real-life applications nowadays, a few white-box implementations of SM4 has been proposed, among which a type of constructions is dominated, which uses a linear or affine diagonal block encoding to protect the original three 32-bit branches entering a round function and uses its inverse as the input encoding to the S-box layer. In this paper, we analyse the security of this type of constructions against Lepoint et al.’s collision-based attack method. Our experiment under a small fraction of (encodings, round key) combinations shows that the rank of the concerned linear system is much less than the number of the involved unknowns, meaning these white-box SM4 implementations should resist Lepoint et al.’s method, but we leave it as an open problem whether there are such encodings that the rank of the corresponding linear system is slightly less than the number of the involved unknowns, in which scenario Lepoint et al.’s method may be used to recover a round key for the case with linear encodings and to remove most white-box operations until mainly some Boolean masks for the case with affine encodings.
The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta
Authors: Toups Melissa A , Vicoso Beatriz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sex chromosomes have evolved independently multiple times, but why some are conserved for more than 100 million years whereas others turnover rapidly remains an open question. Here, we examine the homology of sex chromosomes across nine orders of insects, plus the outgroup springtails. We find that the X chromosome is likely homologous across insects and springtails; the only exception is in the Lepidoptera, which has lost the X and now has a ZZ/ZW sex-chromosome system. These results suggest the ancestral insect X chromosome has persisted for more than 450 million years—the oldest known sex chromosome to date. Further, we propose that the shrinking of gene content the dipteran X chromosome has allowed for a burst of sex-chromosome turnover that is absent from other speciose insect orders.
Maternal ancestry and lineages diversity of the Santander population from Colombia
Authors: Castillo Adriana , Rondón Fernando , Mantilla Gerardo , Gusmão Leonor , Simão Filipa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSantander, located in the Andean region of Colombia, is one of the 32 departments of the country. Its population was shaped by intercontinental admixture between autochthonous native Americans, European settlers, and African slaves. To establish forensic databases of haplotype frequencies, the evaluation of population substructure is crucial to capture the genetic diversity in admixed populations. Total control region mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid haplotypes were determined for 204 individuals born in the seven provinces across the department. The maternal native heritage is highly preserved in Santander genetic background, with 90% of the haplotypes belonging to haplogroups inside A2, B4, C1, and D. Most native lineages are found broadly across the American continent, while some sub-branches are concentrated in Central America and north South America. Subtle European (6%) and African (4%) input was detected. In pairwise comparisons between provinces, relatively high FST values were found in some cases, although not statistically significant. Nonetheless, when provinces were grouped according to the principal component analysis results, significant differences were detected between groups. The database on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid control region haplotype frequencies established here can be further used for populational and forensic purposes.
Cardiovascular Disorders and Falls Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bourke Robbie , Doody Paul , Pérez Sergio , Moloney David , Lipsitz Lewis A , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Falls are a common cause of injury, hospitalization, functional decline, and residential care admission among older adults. Cardiovascular disorders are recognized risk factors for falls. This systematic review assesses the association between cardiovascular disorders and falls in older adults.

Methods
Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE and Embase, encompassing all literature published prior to December 31, 2022. Included studies addressed persons aged 50 years and older, and assessed the association between cardiovascular disorders and falls or the efficacy of cardiovascular-based interventions to reduce falls. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality utilizing a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for interventional studies. A systematic narrative analysis of all cardiovascular outcomes, and meta-analyses of unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were performed.

Results
One hundred and eighty-four studies were included: 181 observational and 3 interventional. Several cardiovascular disorders, including stroke, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, arterial stiffness, arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, and carotid sinus hypersensitivity, were consistently associated with falls. In meta-analysis of unadjusted ORs, the largest positive pooled associations with falls during a 12-month reporting interval were for stroke (OR: 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–2.11), peripheral arterial disease (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12–2.95), atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27–1.82), and orthostatic hypotension (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18–1.64).

Conclusions
Several cardiovascular disorders are associated with falls. These results suggest the need to incorporate cardiovascular assessments for patients with falls. This review informed the cardiovascular recommendations in the new World Guidelines for falls in older adults.
Clinical Trials Registration Number: CRD42021272245
The Triple Alliance: Microbiome, Mitochondria, and Metabolites in the Context of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Prajapati Santosh K , Shah Ria , Alford Nicholas , Mishra Sidharth P , Jain Shalini , Hansen Barbara , Sanberg Paul , Molina Anthony J A , Yadav Hariom 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects a large proportion of the older population. It currently lacks effective treatments, placing a heavy burden on patients, families, health care systems, and society. This is mainly due to our limited comprehension of the pathophysiology of AD progression, as well as the lack of effective drug targets and intervention timing to address the underlying pathology. AD is a multifactorial condition, and emerging evidence suggests that abnormalities in the gut microbiota play a significant role as environmental and multifaceted contributors to AD, although the exact mechanisms are yet to be fully explored. Changes in the composition of microbiota influence host neuronal health through their metabolites. These metabolites regulate intestinal epithelia, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neuroinflammation by affecting mitochondrial function. The decline in the proportion of beneficial microbes and their essential metabolites during aging and AD is directly linked to poor mitochondrial function, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we discuss recent developments in understanding the impact of the microbiome and its metabolites on various cell types, their influence on the integrity of the gut and blood-brain barriers, systemic and brain inflammation, and cell-specific effects in AD pathology. This information is expected to pave the way for a new understanding of the interactions between microbiota and mitochondria in AD, providing a foundation for the development of novel treatments for AD.