bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach for fracture porosity estimation of carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Sharifi Javad , Moghaddas Naser Hafezi , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Mondol Nazmul Haque 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe quality of carbonate reservoirs is linked to their rock properties and surrounding stress settings which can play a vital role in their production optimization and development programs. Imposing various stresses can increase porosity and permeability by creating joints and cracks across the rock mass. Therefore, developing methods to identify and accurately evaluate fractures in carbonate reservoirs is very significant in reservoir characterization. To deal with this necessity, we developed a fracture porosity estimation method using empirical and analytical solutions based on the wireline data considering stress conditions. The proposed methodology was applied to a carbonate reservoir as the case study. As fracture porosity is sensitive to stress, experimental tests were conducted on the core samples using triaxial hydrostatic tests. These tests are needed to simulate reservoir conditions to investigate the relationships between fracture volume fraction and the applied stress. A substantial porosity loss was observed during the hydrostatic test, which can be linked to the crack porosity closure. The reliability of our results was validated by thin section, computed tomography–scan images, velocity deviation method, elastic boundary laws, and image logs. Eventually, we introduced an equation to estimate in situ fracture porosity from the relationship between porosity and effective confining pressure. We verified the repeatability and generality of our proposed methodology using a blind well, and the results indicate a comparable level of accuracy. Our findings are applicable for estimating crack porosity for rock physics modelling purposes of detecting fracture zones in the absence of image logs and core data. Moreover, by calibrating and optimizing the constant parameters in our proposed relationship, one may further estimate crack density in any other given carbonate reservoirs.
To Tweet or not to Tweet? The Determinants of Tweeting Activity in Initial Coin Offerings
Authors: Moro Andrea , Radić Nemanja , Truong Vinh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur research explores the causes of Twitter activity in highly technological start‐ups that finance their activities via initial coin offerings (ICOs). By relying on weekly data of 297 ICOs for the period 2015–2020 (35,459 observations), we examine how major exogenous events affect the number of tweets issued by the start‐up. Then, we explore how the community of followers reacts to the tweets. We discover that events external to firms reduce ICOs’ tweeting activity. Moreover, our evidence indicates that the followers’ reaction is positively related to the tweets issued by the firm and negatively related to major events unrelated to the firm. Interestingly, followers’ reaction has an inverted U‐shaped relation with the firm's Twitter volume, suggesting that excessive Twitter activity can harm the further dissemination of tweets. Our results, robust to alternative estimation techniques, emphasize the important role of Twitter as an information disseminator, legitimizer, and endorser for highly opaque firms.
Study of functional, biochemical, and sensory qualities of jackfruit pulp powder produced through optimized foam‐mat drying parameters
Authors: Priyadarshini Subhashree , Rayaguru Kalpana , Routray Winny , Dash Sanjaya K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) production is abundant during the summer season in Southeast Asia and is also produced throughout the year in some parts of South India. Attributed to the absence of viable process technology, the pulp is predominantly consumed fresh and has not been used effectively for other applications such as in ice cream, beverages, custard preparations, or as a flavor enhancer. The conversion of the high sugar‐containing pulp to powder is difficult. Hence, the foam‐mat drying of jackfruit pulp was carried out using different foaming agents and stabilizers. The effect of maltodextrin (MD; 3%, 4%, and 5% w/w), glycerol‐monostearate (GMS; 2%, 3%, and 4% w/w), or soy protein (SP; 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/w), and 0.5% methylcellulose added to the pulp at a concentration of 8 °Brix on foam expansion (FE; %), foam retention (FR; %), total carotenoids (TC; mg/100 g pulp), and overall acceptability (OA) were investigated, and their levels were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. The foam mats were dried at a drying air temperature of 70°C along with a foam thickness of 4 mm. The samples were evaluated based on drying time, foaming, functional, biochemical, and sensory qualities. The optimum levels of MD and GMS were 3.96% (4.0%) and 3.01% (3.0%), respectively, which led to the foam‐mat‐dried jackfruit powder with properties within the desirable range. At these optimum conditions, the predicted FE, FR, TC, and OA were 69.84%, 89.42%, 0.152 mg/100 g pulp, and 7.73, respectively. The optimum levels of MD and SP were 3.95% (4.0%) and 1.02% (1.0%), respectively, and the corresponding properties (considered as responses) of this foam‐mat‐dried jackfruit powder such as FE, FR, TC, and OA were 74.45%, 84.80%, 0.14 mg/100 g pulp, and 7.6, respectively.Practical ApplicationThis study is one of the few studies that is focused on the development of a technique for the long‐term preservation of jackfruit powder for further applications that will also reduce the wastage of jackfruit attributed to its fast perishability. This technology can be replicated in other parts of the world. This article has demonstrated foam‐mat drying as a useful technique to achieve high‐quality jackfruit pulp powders with desirable drying, foaming, functional, biochemical, and sensory qualities using different foaming agents and stabilizers.
Bifidobacterium longum supplementation improves age‐related delays in fracture repair
Authors: Roberts Joseph L. , Golloshi Mateo , Harding Derek B. , Conduah Madison , Liu Guanglu , Drissi Hicham 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAge‐related delays in bone repair remains an important clinical issue that can prolong pain and suffering. It is now well established that inflammation increases with aging and that this exacerbated inflammatory response can influence skeletal regeneration. Recently, simple dietary supplementation with beneficial probiotic bacteria has been shown to influence fracture repair in young mice. However, the contribution of the gut microbiota to age‐related impairments in fracture healing remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether supplementation with a single beneficial probiotic species, Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum), would promote fracture repair in aged (18‐month‐old) female mice. We found that B. longum supplementation accelerated bony callus formation which improved mechanical properties of the fractured limb. We attribute these pro‐regenerative effects of B. longum to preservation of intestinal barrier, dampened systemic inflammation, and maintenance of the microbiota community structure. Moreover, B. longum attenuated many of the fracture‐induced systemic pathologies. Our study provides evidence that targeting the gut microbiota using simple dietary approaches can improve fracture healing outcomes and minimize systemic pathologies in the context of aging.
Social media conservation messaging mirrors age‐old taxonomic biases in public domain
Authors: Forster Caitlyn Y. , Hochuli Dieter F. , Keith Ryan J. , Latty Tanya , White Thomas E. , Middleton Eliza J. T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this global extinction crisis, we must act urgently to prevent the loss of species. The public plays a key role in ensuring the future of our biodiversity, by impacting funding decisions, creating behaviour change, and pushing change in corporations to prevent species loss. The Threatened Species Bake Off competition is a social media initiative created by the Australian Government in 2017 to raise awareness of nationally listed threatened species. In this study, we assessed the trends of the competition by collating entries via Instagram and Twitter in its first 5 years. Representations of 356 unique species were baked, 261 of which were listed as nationally threatened species. Birds and mammals were the most popular groups represented. Frogs, reptiles, fishes, and invertebrates were reasonably well represented; however, plants were drastically underrepresented in the competition. This is evidence of taxonomic bias towards the charismatic animals, and a problematic lack of representation of other threatened species that play essential roles in our ecosystems. Although the Bake Off is an innovative conservation messaging approach, it reinforces awareness of the same groups that traditional messaging techniques encouraged (i.e., charismatic megafauna). Public engagement in this competition reflects current conservation messaging, including media and education focus on charismatic animals, demonstrating engrained biases. Future competitions should address this by highlighting less popular but equally important threatened species, especially plants.
Rebel Capacity, Intelligence Gathering, and Combat Tactics
Authors: Sonin Konstantin , Wright Austin L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClassic and modern theories of rebel warfare emphasize the role of resource endowments. We demonstrate that intelligence gathering, made possible by these endowments, plays a critical role in determining specifics of how rebels launch complex attacks against better equipped government forces. We test implications of a theoretical model using highly detailed data about Afghan rebel attacks, insurgent‐led spy networks, and counterinsurgent operations. Leveraging quasi‐random variation in opium suitability, we find that improved rebel capacity is associated with (1) increased insurgent operations; (2) improved battlefield tactics through technological innovation, increased complexity, and attack clustering; and (3) increased effectiveness against security forces, especially harder targets. These results show that access to capital, coupled with intelligence gathering, meaningfully impacts how and where rebels fight.
Multi‐country outbreak of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children, 2022
Authors: Ilic Irena , Ilic Milena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo describe epidemiological characteristics of multi‐country outbreak of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children in 2022.MethodsA descriptive epidemiological study design was used. The review based on the available information concerning this multi‐country outbreak aims to summarise the current knowledge about the severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children, highlights the suggested working hypotheses, introduces some of the potential explanations for its occurrence and reports on public health measures undertaken to control the disease.ResultsSince the first 10 cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children in the United Kingdom on 5 April 2022, and up until the 29 August 2022, more than 1000 probable cases have been reported in 35 countries in the world. Up to today, 22 children died in this multi‐country outbreak. Despite the numerous theories that have been suggested on the possible underlying causes of the outbreak, an association with hepatitis A–E viruses has been excluded. Adenovirus serotype 41 has been detected in numerous cases, which makes it the most likely underlying cause of the disease.ConclusionEfficient surveillance and comprehension advancements of the epidemiology of this disease are especially important for effective prevention and outbreak response.
Early bone healing to implants with different surface characteristics. A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Abrahamsson Ingemar , Almohandes Ahmed , Dionigi Carlotta , Berglundh Tord 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo examine early bone healing around implants with non‐modified and modified surfaces.Material & MethodsFour implants with 4 different surface characteristics were installed in one side of the mandible following tooth extraction in 6 dogs. Implants in group A had a non‐modified, turned surface, while implants in group B had a surface modification consisting of TiO‐blasting and sequential acid‐etching in oxalic and hydrofluoric acid. The surface modification of implants in group C was confined to sequential acid‐etching in oxalic and hydrofluoric acid and Group D implants had a surface modification of TiO‐blasting and acid‐etching in hydrofluoric acid. The implant installation procedures were repeated in the opposite side of the mandible 4 weeks later. Biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis 2 weeks later.ResultsB and C implants had a higher degree of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%) than A and D implants at 2 weeks of healing. At 6 weeks of healing, the BIC% was higher at B than at A, C and D implants, and higher at C implants than at A implants. The amount of newly formed bone in contact with the implant within the defect area at 2 weeks was higher at implants with modified surfaces (groups B, C and D) than at implants with a non‐modified surface (group A). Corresponding results at 6 weeks were superior at B implants.ConclusionIt is suggested that an implant surface modification with acid‐etching in oxalic and hydrofluoric acid promotes early formation of bone‐to‐implant contact.
Applying Jewish theology to issues in mental and physical health
Authors: Dorff Elliot N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJewish theological convictions and values undergird the approaches of Judaism to all aspects of life. This article first describes five fundamental Jewish convictions about God, human beings, and the relations between them as well as the place of medicine in life. It then describes the positions taken by the three largest denominations of contemporary Judaism on end‐of‐life issues and the approach of Judaism to mental health issues, two aspects of medical ethics that have become especially prominent during the COVID‐19 pandemic but have always been, and will always be, important aspects of human life to which religious traditions can and should give guidance.
Association of regional white matter hyperintensities with hypertension and cognition in the population‐based 1000BRAINS study
Authors: Gronewold Janine , Jokisch Martha , Schramm Sara , Himpfen Heiko , Ginster Theresa , Tenhagen Isabell , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Jockwitz Christiane , Miller Tatiana , Lehmann Nils , Moebus Susanne , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Erbel Raimund , Caspers Svenja , Hermann Dirk M. ,   the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMH) are frequent in cerebral magnetic resonance imaging of older people. They are promoted by vascular risk factors, especially hypertension, and are associated with cognitive deficits at the group level. It has been suggested that not only the severity, but also the location, of lesions might critically influence cognitive deficits and represent different pathologies.MethodsIn 560 participants (65.2 ± 7.5 years, 51.4% males) of the population‐based 1000BRAINS study, we analyzed the association of regional WMH using Fazekas scoring separately for cerebral lobes, with hypertension and cognition.ResultsWMH most often affected the frontal lobe (83.7% score >0), followed by the parietal (75.8%), temporal (32.7%), and occipital lobe (7.3%). Higher Fazekas scores in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe were associated with higher blood pressure and antihypertensive treatment in unadjusted ordinal regression models and in models adjusted for age, sex, and vascular risk factors (e.g., age‐ and sex‐adjusted odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.25 for the association of frontal lobe WMH Fazekas score with systolic blood pressure [SBP] [per 10 mm Hg]; 1.13 [1.02–1.23] for the association of parietal lobe score with SBP; 1.72 [1.19–2.48] for the association of temporal lobe score with antihypertensive medications). In linear regressions, higher frontal lobe scores were associated with lower performance in executive function and non‐verbal memory, and higher parietal lobe scores were associated with lower performance in executive function, verbal‐, and non‐verbal memory.ConclusionsHypertension promotes WMH in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe. WMH in the frontal and parietal lobe are associated with reduced executive function and memory.
Association of biallelic RFC1 expansion with early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ylikotila Pauli , Sipilä Jussi , Alapirtti Tiina , Ahmasalo Riitta , Koshimizu Eriko , Miyatake Satoko , Hurme‐Niiranen Anri , Siitonen Ari , Doi Hiroshi , Tanaka Fumiaki , Matsumoto Naomichi , Majamaa Kari , Kytövuori Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe biallelic repeat expansion (AAGGG)exp in the replication factor C subunit 1 gene (RFC1) is a frequent cause of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) as well as late‐onset ataxia. The clinical spectrum of RFC1 disease has expanded since the first identification of biallelic (AAGGG)exp and includes now various nonclassical phenotypes. Biallelic (AAGGG)exp in RFC1 in patients with clinically confirmed Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been found.MethodsA nationwide cohort of 273 Finnish patients with early‐onset PD was examined for the biallelic intronic expansion in RFC1. The expansion (AAGGG)exp was first screened using extra long polymerase chain reactions (Extra Large‐PCRs) and flanking multiplex PCR. The presence of biallelic (AAGGG)exp was then confirmed by repeat‐primed PCR and, finally, the repeat length was determined by long‐read sequencing.ResultsThree patients were found with the biallelic (AAGGG)exp in RFC1 giving a frequency of 1.10% (0.23%–3.18%; 95% confidence interval). The three patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PD, none of them had ataxia or neuropathy, and only one patient had a mild vestibular dysfunction. The age at onset of PD symptoms was 40–48 years and their disease course had been unremarkable apart from the early onset.ConclusionsOur results suggest that (AAGGG)exp in RFC1 is a rare cause of early‐onset PD. Other populations should be examined in order to determine whether our findings are specific to the Finnish population.
Ultrasound‐guided cutaneous nerve chemo‐ablation for severe access site neuropathic pain—A case report
Authors: Agarwal Aakanksha , Murray Timothy , Craig Nikki , Kiaii Mercedeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeuropathic pain at the cannulation site is challenging, both for the patient and the dialysis team. We present a case of a middle‐aged man on chronic hemodialysis, who developed excruciating pain at the cannulation area without incident, limiting his dialysis sessions. Multidisciplinary collaboration allowed identification of the cutaneous nerve—the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, relaying his pain. Subsequent ultrasound‐guided phenol chemoablation resulted in the complete resolution of his pain and allowed continued use of the well‐functioning fistula for dialysis.
Is chewable toothbrush effective in terms of dental plaque reduction in children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Machado , Pelissari Thayná Regina , Oliveira Marta Dutra Machado 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on whether a chewable toothbrush (CTB) is more effective than a manual toothbrush (MTB) in terms of full‐mouth dental plaque reduction in non‐orthodontic children.Materials and MethodsSix databases were searched by two independent reviewers according to pre‐specified eligibility criteria up to October 2022. No restrictions regarding language, date of publication and minimum follow‐up period were imposed. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used for quality appraisal and GRADE for assessing the certainty of evidence. Random‐effects pairwise meta‐analysis compared the dental plaque change scores of CTB and MTB through mean differences (MDs) and associated confidence intervals (95% CI), and sensitivity analysis determined whether an individual study significantly affected the results.ResultsSeven eligible RCTs were retrieved, including data of 310 children aged 8–14 years. Five RCTs present some concerns and two have high RoB. No significant difference was detected between toothbrushes in terms of Turesky modification of the Quigley‐Hein plaque index reduction (MD = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.26–0.18), with overall very low certainty on evidence. The pooled estimate remains unchanged when any RCT is omitted.ConclusionThere is very low‐certainty evidence of no significant difference on plaque removal between MTB and CTB in non‐orthodontic children. Due to unexplained high heterogeneity and low methodological quality of RCTs, we cannot determine the extent to which our finding reflects a true effect or bias arising from limitations of primary studies.
Transmission of radiant light energy through the sides of fiber posts
Authors: Alkhallagi Turki S. , Marghalani Thamer Y. , Alhaddad Abdulrahman J. , Qutub Osama A. , Abuzinadah Samar , Bundugji Maha H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesResin cements are light polymerized, but the light may not reach all areas of root canals. The purpose of this study was to determine the best predictor of transmitted light radiant exposure (TLRE) from posts' sides.Materials and MethodsFiber posts were placed in a custom‐made apparatus and advanced by 1‐mm increments. The LED curing probe tip was activated for 40 s on the coronal end of the post. The TLRE was measured with an LED radiometer detector positioned on the side of the post exposed by an opening in the apparatus. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was performed.ResultsPost system explained an additional 23.62% of the variation in TRLE. Adding actual post diameter explained an additional 62.64% of the variation in TRLE. While adding post length explained an additional 0.67%.Changing post system from FiberKleer to Postec Plus will decrease the mean value of TRLE by 4.90 units on average. Also, a one‐unit increase of actual post diameter and length will decrease the value of TRLE by 44.96 and 0.44 units respectively. The TLRE ranged from 46 to 290 mJ/cm2, which was between 0.73% and 6.63% of the original emanating light.ConclusionsThe changes in post system, posts' diameter and length can be used to predict the unit changes in TLRE on the side of a translucent fiber post. Emanating radiant exposure from the side of the post was lower than 6.63% of the exposure entering the post.Clinical RelevanceFiber post diameter and length and post system can influence light radiant exposure transmitted from posts' sides, transmitting minimal radiant exposure, which can be increased by increasing curing duration.