bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism After Benign Colorectal Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leow Tjun Wei , Rashid Adil , Lewis-Lloyd Christopher A. , Crooks Colin J. , Humes David J. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Venous thromboembolism is a well-established preventable complication after colectomy. Specific guidance on venous thromboembolism prevention after colectomy for benign disease is limited.

OBJECTIVE:
This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the venous thromboembolism risk after benign colorectal resection and determine its variability.

DATA SOURCES:
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42021265438), Embase, MEDLINE, and 4 other registered medical literature databases were searched from the database inception to June 21, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials and large population-based database cohort studies reporting 30-day and 90-day venous thromboembolism rates after benign colorectal resection in patients aged ≥18 years. Exclusion criteria: patients undergoing colorectal cancer or completely endoscopic surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Thirty- and 90-day venous thromboembolism incidence rates per 1000 person-years after benign colorectal surgery.

RESULTS:
Seventeen studies were eligible for meta-analysis reporting on 250,170 patients. Pooled 30-day and 90-day venous thromboembolism incidence rates after benign colorectal resection were 284 (95% CI, 224–360) and 84 (95% CI, 33–218) per 1000 person-years. Stratified by admission type, 30-day venous thromboembolism incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 532 (95% CI, 447–664) for emergency resections and 213 (95% CI, 100–453) for elective colorectal resections. Thirty-day venous thromboembolism incidence rates per 1000 person-years after colectomy were 485 (95% CI, 411–573) for patients with ulcerative colitis, 228 (95% CI, 181–288) for patients with Crohn’s disease, and 208 (95% CI, 152–288) for patients with diverticulitis.

LIMITATIONS:
High degree of heterogeneity was observed within most meta-analyses attributable to large cohorts minimizing within-study variance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Venous thromboembolism rates remain high up to 90 days after colectomy and vary by indication for surgery. Emergency resections compared to elective benign resections have higher rates of postoperative venous thromboembolism. Further studies reporting venous thromboembolism rates by type of benign disease need to stratify rates by admission type to more accurately define venous thromboembolism risk after colectomy.

REGISTRATION NO.:
CRD42021265438.
Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Meta-Analysis Update of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hu Chengjun , Luo Xiangyue , Jiang Chufeng , Lei Shaorong , Sun Yuming 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common and some may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), imiquimod, cryotherapy, and other methods have been reported to have good effects. However, which treatment is the most effective with the best cosmetic results and fewest complications is uncertain.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate which method has the best efficacy and cosmetic results with less adverse events and recurrence rate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
All relevant articles up to July 31, 2022 were searched from Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases. Extract and analyze the data of efficacy, cosmetic results, local reactions, and adverse effects.

RESULTS
Twenty-nine articles with 3,,850 participants and 24,747 lesions were included. Quality of evidence was generally high. The efficacy of PDT was better in complete response (CR) (lesions CR; risk ratio (RR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55–1.87/patient CR; RR 3.07; 95% CI 2.07–4.56), overall preference, and cosmetic results. The time cumulative meta-analysis showed that the curative effect was gradually increasing before 2004, and then gradually stabilizing. Two groups showed no statistically significant differences in recurrence.

CONCLUSION
Compared with other methods, PDT is significantly more effective for AK with excellent cosmetic results and reversible adverse effects.
Outcome of Primary Monocanalicular Stent Placement in Pediatric Down Syndrome Patients with Congenital Nasolacrimal Obstruction
Authors: Landau Prat Daphna , Munroe Christiana E. , Revere Karen , Khatib Lama , Hua Peiying , Ying Gui-Shuang , Binenbaum Gil , Katowitz James A. , Katowitz William R. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Congenital Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a relatively common problem in children with Down syndrome (DS). Probing and irrigation (PI) with monocanalicular stent intubation may be less successful than in non-DS patients, thus raising some concerns regarding the preferred treatment in this population. We aimed to analyze the surgical outcome of PI along with monocanalicular stent intubation in children with DS compared with non-DS patients.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study. Thirty-five eyes of 19 children with DS and 1,472 eyes of 1,001 children without DS underwent PI-monocanalicular stent intubation as a primary treatment for CNLDO. All patients were operated on by a single surgeon at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between 2009 and 2020. The main outcome measure was a surgical success, defined as the resolution of symptoms after surgery.

Results:
A total of 1,020 patients were included, 48% females; mean age of 1.9 ± 1.4 years. The mean follow-up time was 35.0 months. The DS patients group consisted of 19 patients. Higher rates of right nasolacrimal duct obstruction and bilateral obstructions were observed in the DS group (100% vs. 73.2%; p = 0.006, and 84.2% vs. 46.8%; p = 0.001, respectively). Patients with DS had a lower success rate (57.1% vs. 92.4%; p < 0.0001). The median time to failure was 3.1 months in the DS group, and 5.2 months in the group of patients without DS. The hazard ratio comparing DS to the no-DS outcome was 6.6 (95% CI: 3.2–13.7; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
CNLDO in DS is more likely to be bilateral and less likely to resolve after primary monocanalicular stent placement.
Baseline and early digital [18F]FDG PET/CT and multiparametric MRI contain promising features to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Vuijk Floris A. , Feshtali Shahbazi Shirin , Noortman Wyanne A. , van Velden Floris H.P. , Dibbets-Schneider Petra , Marinelli Andreas W.K.S. , Neijenhuis Peter A. , Schmitz Roderick , Ghariq Eidrees , Velema Laura A. , Peters Femke P. , Smit Frits , Peeters Koen C.M.J. , Temmink Sofieke J.D. , Crobach Stijn A.L.P. , Putter Hein , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Hilling Denise E. , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee 
Published: May 2023

Objective
In this pilot study, we investigated the feasibility of response prediction using digital [18F]FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) and multiparametric MRI before, during, and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients and aimed to select the most promising imaging modalities and timepoints for further investigation in a larger trial.

Methods
Rectal cancer patients scheduled to undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy were prospectively included in this trial, and underwent multiparametric MRI and [18F]FDG PET/CT before, 2 weeks into, and 6–8 weeks after chemoradiation therapy. Two groups were created based on pathological tumor regression grade, that is, good responders (TRG1-2) and poor responders (TRG3-5). Using binary logistic regression analysis with a cutoff value of P ≤ 0.2, promising predictive features for response were selected.

Results
Nineteen patients were included. Of these, 5 were good responders, and 14 were poor responders. Patient characteristics of these groups were similar at baseline. Fifty-seven features were extracted, of which 13 were found to be promising predictors of response. Baseline [T2: volume, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI): apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mean, DWI: difference entropy], early response (T2: volume change, DWI: ADC mean change) and end-of-treatment presurgical evaluation MRI (T2: gray level nonuniformity, DWI: inverse difference normalized, DWI: gray level nonuniformity normalized), as well as baseline (metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis) and early response PET/CT (Δ maximum standardized uptake value, Δ peak standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass), were promising features.

Conclusion
Both multiparametric MRI and [18F]FDG PET/CT contain promising imaging features to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LARC patients. A future larger trial should investigate baseline, early response, and end-of-treatment presurgical evaluation MRI and baseline and early response PET/CT.
Trends in Childhood Oncology Admissions to ICUs in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Wraight Tracey I. , Namachivayam Siva P. , Maiden Matthew J. , Erickson Simon J. , Oberender Felix , Singh Puneet , Gard Jye , Ganeshalingham Anusha , Millar Johnny ,   on behalf of the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group and Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
There are few robust, national-level reports of contemporary trends in pediatric oncology admissions, resource use, and mortality. We aimed to describe national-level data on trends in intensive care admissions, interventions, and survival for children with cancer.

DESIGN:
Cohort study using a binational pediatric intensive care registry.

SETTING:
Australia and New Zealand.

PATIENTS:
Patients younger than 16 years, admitted to an ICU in Australia or New Zealand with an oncology diagnosis between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2018.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We examined trends in oncology admissions, ICU interventions, and both crude and risk-adjusted patient-level mortality. Eight thousand four hundred ninety admissions were identified for 5,747 patients, accounting for 5.8% of PICU admissions. Absolute and population-indexed oncology admissions increased from 2003 to 2018, and median length of stay increased from 23.2 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 16.8–62 hr) to 38.8 hours (IQR, 20.9–81.1 hr) (p < 0.001). Three hundred fifty-seven of 5,747 patients died (6.2%). There was a 45% reduction in risk-adjusted ICU mortality, which reduced from 3.3% (95% CI, 2.1–4.4) in 2003–2004 to 1.8% (95% CI, 1.1–2.5%) in 2017–2018 (p trend = 0.02). The greatest reduction in mortality seen in hematological cancers and in nonelective admissions. Mechanical ventilation rates were unchanged from 2003 to 2018, while the use of high-flow nasal prong oxygen increased (incidence rate ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.61–3.67 per 2 yr).

CONCLUSIONS:
In Australian and New Zealand PICUs, pediatric oncology admissions are increasing steadily and such admissions are staying longer, representing a considerable proportion of ICU activity. The mortality of children with cancer who are admitted to ICU is low and falling.
Prepectoral vs. Submuscular Implant-based Breast Reconstruction: A Matched-Pair Comparison of Outcomes
Authors: Talwar Ankoor A. , Lanni Michael A. , Ryan Isabel A. , Kodali Pranav , Bernstein Elizabeth , McAuliffe Phoebe B. , Broach Robyn B. , Serletti Joseph M. , Butler Paris D. , Fosnot Joshua 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common reconstructive approach following mastectomy. Prepectoral implants offer advantages over submuscular implants, such as less animation deformity, pain, weakness, and post-radiation capsular contracture. However, clinical outcomes following prepectoral reconstruction are debated. We performed a matched cohort analysis of outcomes following prepectoral and submuscular reconstruction at a large academic medical center.

Methods:
Patients treated with implant-based breast reconstruction following mastectomy from January 2018 – October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were propensity score-exact matched to control demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative differences. Outcomes assessed included surgical site occurrences, capsular contracture, and explantation of either expander or implant. Subanalysis was done on infections and secondary reconstructions.

Results:
A total of 634 breasts were included (prepectoral: 197, submuscular: 437). 292 breasts were matched (146 prepectoral:146 submuscular) and analyzed for clinical outcomes. Prepectoral reconstructions were associated with greater rates of surgical site infection (prepectoral: 15.8%, submuscular: 3.4%, p<0.001), seroma (prepectoral: 26.0%, submuscular: 10.3%, p<0.001), and explantation (prepectoral: 23.3%, submuscular: 4.8%, p<0.001). Subanalysis of infection revealed prepectoral implants have shorter time to infection, deeper infections, more gram-negative infections, and are more often treated surgically (all p<0.05). There have been no failures of secondary reconstructions after explantation in the entire population at a mean follow up of 20.1 months.

Conclusion:
Prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction is associated with higher rates of infection, seroma, and explantation compared to submuscular reconstructions. Infections of prepectoral implants may need different antibiotic management to avoid explantation. Regardless, secondary reconstruction following explantation can readily achieve long-term success.
Impact of Cold Somatostatin Analog Administration on Somatostatin Receptor Imaging
Authors: Morland David , Laures Nicolas , Triumbari Elizabeth Katherine Anna , Perrier Marine , Imperiale Alessio , Annunziata Salvatore , Rufini Vittoria 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The interactions between the administration of cold somatostatin analogs (cSAs) and their radiolabeled counterpart remain unclear, and discontinuation before imaging is still advised as a precaution. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the consequences of cSA administration on tumoral and surrounding healthy organs' uptake at somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging with SPECT or PET.

Methods
After registration of the study on Prospero (CRD42022360260), an electronic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human patients referred for SSTR imaging for oncological purposes; at least 1 examination performed either before cSA administration or after a long-enough withdrawal of cSA treatment; at least 1 examination was performed under cSA treatment. Included articles were independently appraised by 2 authors using the standardized protocol provided by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Discrepancies were solved by consensus.

Results
A total of 12 articles were included, 4 using 111In-pentetreotide and 8 using 68Ga-DOTA peptides. Administration of cSAs consistently resulted in decreased spleen and liver uptake (from 6.9% to 80% for spleen, 10% to 60% for liver) and increased tumor-to-background or tumor–to–healthy organ ratios. After cSA treatment, tumor uptake alone was unchanged or moderately decreased. Similar results were noted whether patient was octreotide-naive.

Conclusion
Impairment in SSTR imaging quality after cSA administration has not been demonstrated. On the contrary, the administration of cSAs seems to improve the contrast between tumoral lesions and the surroundings.
Management for Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis During Pregnancy
Authors: Cheng Vincent , Ashbrook Matthew , Youssefzadeh Ariane C. , Kohrman Nathan , Matsuo Koji , Inaba Kenji , Matsushima Kazuhide 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
This study analyzes national trends in the management of uncomplicated appendicitis during pregnancy, comparing outcomes for non-operative management (NOM) and appendectomy.

Background:
In the non-pregnant population, several randomized controlled trials demonstrated non-inferiority of NOM compared to appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. However, it remains unclear if these findings are generalizable to pregnant patients.

Methods:
The National Inpatient Sample was queried for pregnant women diagnosed with acute uncomplicated appendicitis from January 2003 to September 2015. Patients were categorized by treatment: NOM, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), and open appendectomy (OA). A quasi-experimental analysis with interrupted time-series examined the relationship between the year of admission and the likelihood of receiving NOM. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between treatment strategy and patient outcomes.

Results:
A total of 33,120 women satisfied inclusion criteria. Respectively, 1,070 (3.2%), 18,736 (56.6%), and 13,314 (40.2%) underwent NOM, LA, and OA. The NOM rate significantly increased between 2006 and 2015 with an annual increase of 13.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5-19.4, P<0.001). Compared to LA, NOM was significantly associated with higher rates of preterm abortion (odds ratio [OR] 3.057, 95% CI 2.210-4.229, P<0.001) and preterm labor/delivery (OR 3.186, 95% CI 2.326-4.365, P<0.001). Each day of delay to appendectomy was associated with significantly greater rates of preterm abortion (OR 1.210, 95% CI 1.123-1.303, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Though NOM has been increasing as a treatment for pregnant patients with uncomplicated appendicitis, compared to LA, it is associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Trends in Alzheimer Disease Mortality Among American Indian and Alaska Native People Between 2011 and 2019
Authors: Amiri Solmaz , Jiang Luohua , Manson Spero M. , Buchwald Dedra S. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The number of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people living with dementia is expected to increase 5-fold by 2060. Social determinants of health may explain disparities in the incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) but remain largely overlooked.

Methods:
We examined the time trend of AD mortality rates and associations of the percentage of AI/ANs, density of primary care physicians and neurologists, area deprivation index, rurality, and Indian Health Service region with AD mortality in 646 purchased/referred care delivery area counties.

Results:
AD mortality rates significantly increased over time. Counties with higher concentrations of AI/AN people had lower AD mortality. More deprived counties had 34% higher AD mortality compared with less deprived counties. AD mortality was 20% lower in nonmetro counties than in metro counties.

Conclusions:
Findings have implications for prioritizing areas where more resources for AD care, education, or outreach are needed.
Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient: case report.
Authors: LAMTIRI LAARIF Mouhsine , SCHILS Raphael , LIFRANGE Fréderic , VALKENBORGH Christophe , PITTI Pauline , BROUWERS Pauline , BIANCHI Elettra , MEEX Cécile , HAYETTE Marie-Pierre 
Published: May 2023

Introduction . Brain abscess is the most common focal infectious neurological injury. Until the 19th century this condition was fatal, however the development of neuroimaging for early diagnosis, neurosurgery and antibiotic therapy in the 20th century has led to new therapeutic strategies decreasing mortality from 50% in the 1970s to less than 10% nowadays. In this context we report a case of brain abscess with a dental origin.
Case report . A immunocompetent man without any addiction presented to the emergency department with dysarthria and frontal headache at home. The clinical examination was normal. Further investigations revealed a polymicrobial brain abscess as a consequence of an ear, nose or throat (ENT) infection with locoregional extension with a dental starting point involving Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In spite of a rapid diagnosis and a neurosurgical management associated with an optimal treatment by a dual therapy made of ceftriaxone and metronidazole the patient unfortunately died.
Conclusion. This case report shows that despite a low incidence and a good prognosis following the diagnosis, brain abscesses can lead to patient’s death. Thereby, when the patient's condition and urgency allow, a thorough dental examination of patients with neurological signs following the recommendations would improve the diagnosis made by the clinician. The use of microbiological documentation, the respect of pre-analytical conditions, the interaction between the laboratory and the clinicians are indispensable for an optimal management of these pathologies.
Estimating the contagiousness ratio between two viral strains
Authors: Della Croce Di Dojola Giulia , Mastrantonio Gianluca , Cerutti Francesco , Ghisetti Valeria , Gasparini Mauro , Bibbona Enrico 
Published: May 2023

SummaryWe propose a new method to estimate the ratio between the basic reproduction numbers of a newly emerged variant and the one currently dominating. We use public data of two kinds: the proportions of the daily infected from each strain obtained from a random sample that has been sequenced, and the epidemic curves of total infections and recoveries. Our method is based on a new discrete-time SIR model with two strains, considered both in the deterministic and stochastic versions. In the deterministic case we use maximum likelihood, while in the stochastic setting, since we need to reconstruct the missing incidence and prevalence information of the new variant, we decided to use a hierarchical Bayesian hidden Markov model. This new methodology is applied to data from the Piedmont Italian region in December-January 2022, when the Omicron variant started to be observed and quickly became prevalent. With both approaches, we obtain an estimate of the contagiousness ratio that is consistent with other studies specifically designed for the aim.
Pectoralis muscle dosimetry and post-treatment rehabilitation utilization for early-stage breast cancer patients
Authors: Takayesu Jamie S.K. , Jiang Shannon J. , Marsh Robin , Moncion Alexander , Smith Sean R. , Pierce Lori J. , Jagsi Reshma , Lipps David B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUp to 50% of women treated for localized breast cancer will experience some degree of arm or shoulder morbidity. While radiation is thought to contribute to this morbidity, the mechanism remains unclear. Prior studies have shown biologic and radiographic changes in the pectoralis muscles after radiation. This study thus aims to investigate the relationship between radiation to the pectoralis muscles and referrals for rehabilitation services post-treatment for arm and shoulder morbidity. A retrospective 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted for breast cancer patients who were and were not referred for breast or shoulder rehabilitation services between 2014-2019 at a single academic institution. Patients were included if they had a lumpectomy and adjuvant radiation. Patients who underwent an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were excluded. Cohorts were matched based on age, axillary surgery, and use of radiation boost. Muscle doses were converted to EQD2 assuming an α/β ratio of 2.5 and were compared between the two groups. In our cohort of 50 patients of a median age 60 years (interquartile range (IQR) 53-68 years), 36 patients (72%) underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in addition to a lumpectomy. While pectoralis muscle doses were generally higher in those receiving rehabilitation services, this was not statistically significant. Pectoralis major V20-40Gy reached borderline significance, as did pectoralis major mean dose (17.69Gy vs. 20.89Gy, p=0.06). In this limited cohort of patients, we could not definitively conclude a relationship between pectoralis muscle doses and use of rehabilitation services. Given the borderline significant findings, this should be further investigated in a larger cohort.