bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial support during childbirth: Development and adaptation of WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) for maternity care settings
Authors: Khan Bushra , Hameed Waqas , Avan Bilal Iqbal 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Poor psychosocial support and lack of respectful care for women during childbirth are commonplace in health facilities in low- and middle-income countries. While WHO recommends providing supportive care to pregnant women, there is a scarcity of material for building the capacity of maternity staff to provide systematic and inclusive psychosocial support to women in the intrapartum phase, and prevent work stress and burnout in maternity teams. To address this need we adapted WHO’s mhGAP for maternity staff to provide psychosocial support in labour room settings in Pakistan. Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) is an evidence-based guidance which provides psychosocial support in resource-limited health care settings. This paper aims to describe the adaptation of mhGAP to develop psychosocial support capacity building materials for maternity staff to provide support to maternity patients, and also to staff, in the labour room context.

Methods
Adaptation was conducted within the Human-Centered-Design framework in three phases: inspiration, ideation, and implementation feasibility. In inspiration, a review of national-level maternity service-delivery documents and in-depth interviews of maternity staff were conducted. Ideation involved a multidisciplinary team to develop capacity-building materials by adapting mhGAP. This phase was iterative and included cycles of pretesting, deliberations, and revision of materials. In implementation feasibility, materials were tested via the training of 98 maternity staff and exploring system feasibility via post-training visits to health facilities.

Results
Inspiration phase identified gaps in policy directives and implementation and formative study identified limited understanding and skills of staff to assess patients’ psychosocial needs and provide appropriate support. Also, it became evident that staff themselves needed psychosocial support. In ideation, team developed capacity-building materials comprising two modules: one dedicated to conceptual understanding, the other to implementing psychosocial support in collaboration with maternity staff. In implementation feasibility, staff found the materials relevant and feasible for the labour room setting. Finally, users and experts endorsed usefulness of the materials.

Conclusion
Our work in developing psychosocial-support training materials for maternity staff extends the utility of mhGAP to maternity care settings. These materials can be used for capacity-building of maternity staff and their effectiveness can be assessed in diverse maternity care settings.
Volunteers, religious communities and users representatives as an alternative for visiting hospitalized patients: The importance of an infection control training
Authors: Maurand Audrey , Le Guen Ronan , Sakr Celine , Sabourin Nadine , Hacquin Bruno , Boulmier Stéphanie , Bonnin Christèle , Gobe Lamnakhone , Fourreau Frédéric , Decousser Jean-Winoc 
Published: May 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the suspension of relatives’ visits was a common measure in healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of the virus among patients. This measure caused significant adverse consequences for hospitalized patients. Volunteers’ intervention was an alternative but could also lead to cross transmission events.

Aims
in order to secure their intervention with patients, we implemented an infection control training to evaluate and to improve the knowledge of volunteers about infection control measures.

Method
We performed a before-after study in a group of five tertiary referral teaching hospitals in the suburbs of Paris. A total of 226 volunteers from three groups (religious representatives, civilian volunteers and users’ representatives) were included. Basic theoretical and practical knowledge about infection control, hand hygiene, and glove and mask use were evaluated just before and immediately after a three-hour training program. The contribution of the characteristics of the volunteers to the results was studied.

Findings
The initial conformity rate for theoretical and practical infection control measures ranged from 53% to 68%, depending on the participants’ activity status and education level. Some critical shortcomings in hand hygiene as well as mask and glove wearing putatively endangered the patients and volunteers. Surprisingly, serious gaps were also identified among volunteers who experienced care activities. Regardless of their origin, the program significantly improved both their theoretical and practical knowledge (p<0.001). Real-life observance and long-term sustainability should be monitored.

Conclusions
To become a secure alternative to relatives’ visits, volunteers’ interventions must be preceded by the assessment of their theoretical knowledge and practical skills in infection control. Additional study, including practice audit, must confirm the implementation of the acquired knowledge in the real-life.
Dynamic analysis of delayed vaccination process along with impact of retrial queues
Authors: Chauhan Sudipa , Upadhyaya Shweta , Rana Payal , Malik Geetika 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An unprecedented and precise time-scheduled rollout for the vaccine is needed for an effective vaccination process. This study is based on the development of a novel mathematical model considering a delay in vaccination due to the inability to book a slot in one go for a system. Two models are proposed which involve a delay differential equation mathematical model whose dynamical analysis is done to show how the delay in vaccination can destabilize the system. Further, this delay led to the formulation of a queuing model that accounts for the need to retry for the vaccination at a certain rate as delay in vaccination can have negative repercussions. The transition rates from one stage to another follow an exponential distribution. The transient state probabilities of the model are acquired by applying the Runge-Kutta method and hence performance indices are also obtained. These performance measures include the expected number of people in various states. Finally, numerical analysis is also provided to validate both models. Our results would specifically focus on what happens if the delay time increases or if the retrial rate increases (delay time decreases). The results reveal that a delay in being vaccinated by the first dose (i.e., 80 days) leads to an unstable system whereas there exists a delay simultaneously in getting vaccinated by both doses that destabilize the system early (i.e., 80 and 120 days for dose one and two, respectively). The system destabilizes faster in the presence of a delay for slot booking for both doses as compared to one dose delay. Further, the numerical results of queuing models show that if the retrial rate increases in this delay time to book the slots, it not only increases in the vaccinated class but also increases the recovered population.
NanoCeO2/conducting polymer based composite electrodes for high performance supercapacitor
Authors: G K Meenatchi , G Velraj 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present research paper reports the structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of cerium oxide doped polythiophene nanocomposite. Polythiophene was first polymerized using the chemical oxidation polymerization method and further, it was mixed with an equal amount of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles by mechanical mixing. The initially generated polythiophene sample exhibited an amorphous character according to X-ray diffraction investigation, however the PTh–nCeO2 polymer nanocomposite displayed good crystallinity. The vibration bands of the PTh and PTh–nCeO2 polymer nanocomposites were further examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic studies. The morphology and elemental composition of the prepared samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The electrochemical performance of PTh and PTh–nCeO2 polymer nanocomposite was studied by cyclic voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The PTh–nCeO2 polymer nanocomposites demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 161 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 among the produced samples. The Nyquist plot (low-frequency area) and Bode plot (phase angle) electrochemical impedance tests revealed excellent capacitive performance. The PTh–nCeO2 polymer nanocomposites may be a good option for high-performance super capacitors, according to the findings.
Effect of tremolite on the mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3 composites fabricated by temperature gradient spark plasma sintering
Authors: Sun Junlong , Zhao Weifu , Wang Juyun , Liu Changxia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Al2O3 has received increasing attention in the field of cutting tools and structural ceramics owing to its good mechanical performance. The mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Al2O3 matrix composites prepared by temperature gradient spark plasma sintering were investigated in this study. Liquid-phase sintering was confirmed to have occurred, based on thermodynamics and X-ray diffraction analysis during the fabrication of the Al2O3 composites. By dynamically modifying the heating rate during the entire preparation process, Al2O3 composites with smaller grain sizes were obtained. The effect of the tremolite additive on the hardness of the Al2O3 composites was elucidated by comprehensively considering the hardness and densification effects. The microstructural evolution of the composites was analyzed. The critical crack length was considered as the parameter necessary to evaluate the thermal shock resistance of the Al2O3 composites. The crack propagation resistance was found to significantly affect the thermal shock resistance of the Al2O3 composites. The results showed that the thermal shock resistance of the Al2O3 composites improved owing to the decrease in porosity and the improvement in mechanical properties due to the addition of tremolite.
Use, misuse, and overuse of antenatal corticosteroids. A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cojocaru Liviu , Chakravarthy Shruti , Tadbiri Hooman , Reddy Rishika , Ducey James , Fruhman Gary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the timing of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) administration in relation to the delivery timing based on indications and risk factors for preterm delivery.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to understand what factors predict the optimal timing of ACS administration (ACS administration within seven days). We reviewed consecutive charts of adult pregnant women receiving ACS from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019. We excluded pregnancies under 23 weeks, incomplete and duplicate records, and patients delivered outside our health system. The timing of ACS administration was categorized as optimal or suboptimal. These groups were analyzed regarding demographics, indications for ACS administration, risk factors for preterm delivery, and signs and symptoms of preterm labor.

Results
We identified 25,776 deliveries. ACS were administered to 531 pregnancies, of which 478 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 478 pregnancies included in the study, 266 (55.6 %) were delivered in the optimal timeframe. There was a higher proportion of patients receiving ACS for the indication of threatened preterm labor in the suboptimal group as compared to the optimal group (85.4 % vs. 63.5 %, p<0.001). In addition, patients who delivered in the suboptimal timeframe had a higher proportion of short cervix (33 % vs. 6.4 %, p<0.001) and positive fetal fibronectin (19.8 % vs. 1.1 %, p<0.001) compared to those who delivered in the optimal timeframe.

Conclusions
More emphasis should be placed on the judicious use of ACS. Emphasis should be placed on clinical assessment rather than relying solely on imaging and laboratory tests. Re-appraisal of institutional practices and thoughtful ACS administration based on the risk-benefit ratio is warranted.
Brazilian Portuguese-Russian (BraPoRus) corpus: automatic transcription and acoustic quality of elderly speech during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sekerina Irina A. , Smirnova Henriques Anna , Skorobogatova Aleksandra S. , Tyulina Natalia , Kachkovskaia Tatiana V. , Ruseishvili Svetlana , Madureira Sandra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article presents the Brazilian Portuguese-Russian (BraPoRus) corpus, whose goal is to collect, analyze, and preserve for posterity the spoken heritage Russian still used today in Brazil by approximately 1,500 elderly bilingual heritage Russian–Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Their unique 100-year-old variety of moribund Russian is disappearing because it has not been passed to their descendants born in Brazil. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we remotely collected 170 h of speech samples in heritage Russian from 26 participants (M
age = 75.7 years) in naturalistic settings using Zoom or a phone call. To estimate the quality of collected data, we focus on two methodological challenges, automatic transcription and acoustic quality of remote recordings. First, we find that among commercially available transcription programs, Sonix far outperforms Google Transcribe and Vocalmatic on the measure of word error rate (WER). Second, we also establish that the acoustic quality of the remote recordings was adequate for intonational and speech rate analysis. Moreover, this remote method of collecting and analyzing speech samples works successfully with elderly bilingual participants who speak a heritage language different from their dominant societal language, and it can become a new norm when face-to-face communication with elderly participants is not possible.
Fabrication of pyrite-zero nickel composites for efficient removal of Se(IV) from aqueous solution
Authors: Du Yanjun , Zhou Qing , Zhao Jiankun , Wu Hexi , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Yibao , Le Zhanggao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

79Se is one of the important radionuclides in the safety evaluation of high-level radioactive waste repository due to its long half-life and highly fissionable radioactivity. Nanoscale pyrite-zero nickel composites (FeS2/Ni0) were fabricated by ball milling method for selenium(IV) (Se(IV)) adsorption from aqueous solution. The effects of pH, solid-liquid ratio, time, temperature, initial concentration of Se(IV) on the adsorption of Se(IV) by FeS2/Ni0 were investigated. FeS2/Ni0 was characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, BET and Zeta potential, and the mechanism of removing Se(IV) was analyzed. The results showed that FeS2/Ni0 had a good removal effect on Se(IV). When pH was 5.5, the solid-liquid ratio was 0.1 g L−1, the reaction time was 40 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of Se(IV) by FeS2/Ni0 could reach 259 mg g−1. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of wastewater containing Se(IV).
Liderazgo Escolar y sus Efectos Organizacionales en Procesos de Mejora Educativa
Authors: Alcaide-Aranda Lourdes Ivonne del Carmen , Aguilar Alcaide Carlos Enrique 
Published: May 2023

Esta investigación presenta el análisis de las prácticas de liderazgo de directores al interior de sus establecimientos educacionales en Chile, desde sus autopercepciones y las opiniones de los profesores a su cargo para evidenciar si estos tipos de liderazgo se relacionan con los efectos organizacionales en procesos de mejora educativa. El diseño no experimental de estudio correlacional y transversal permitió analizar los datos recogidos después de la aplicación de dos instrumentos: Cuestionario Multifactorial sobre Liderazgo transformacional de Bass y Avolio y el Inventario de liderazgo instruccional propuesto por Alig-Mielcarek, para luego comparar las relaciones entre estos liderazgos de manera independiente e integrada con los efectos organizacionales. Entre los resultados, resalta el encontrar que el liderazgo transformacional presenta una relación significativa con los efectos organizacionales al igual que el liderazgo instruccional y que ambos presentan cifras muy similares tanto de manera independiente e integrada, por ende se halló que no presentan diferencias significativas en la valoración de los encuestados con respecto a las relaciones de los dos liderazgos escolares con los efectos organizacionales por el contrario los dos liderazgos se integran. Se concluyó que la importancia de esta investigación reside en que permitió contribuir con evidencia fidedigna con respecto a la influencia que ejercen los directores(as), que desarrollan las categorías del estilo de liderazgo instruccional y/o del estilo de liderazgo transformacional tanto de modo independiente como de modo integrado y sinérgico al momento de relacionarse con los procesos de mejora educativa y con los efectos organizacionales importantes para los procesos de cambio.
Insula Dynorphin and Kappa Opioid Receptor Systems Regulate Alcohol Drinking in a Sex-Specific Manner in Mice
Authors: Pina Melanie M. , Pati Dipanwita , Neira Sofia , Taxier Lisa R. , Stanhope Christina M. , Mahoney Alexandra A. , D'Ambrosio Shannon , Kash Thomas L. , Navarro Montserrat 
Published: May 2023

Alcohol use disorder is complex and multifaceted, involving the coordination of multiple signaling systems across numerous brain regions. Previous work has indicated that both the insular cortex and dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) systems contribute to excessive alcohol use. More recently, we identified a microcircuit in the medial aspect of the insular cortex that signals through DYN/KOR. Here, we explored the role of insula DYN/KOR circuit components on alcohol intake in a long-term intermittent access (IA) procedure. Using a combination of conditional knock-out strategies and site-directed pharmacology, we discovered distinct and sex-specific roles for insula DYN and KOR in alcohol drinking and related behavior. Our findings show that insula DYN deletion blocked escalated consumption and decreased the overall intake of and preference for alcohol in male and female mice. This effect was specific to alcohol in male mice, as DYN deletion did not impact sucrose intake. Further, insula KOR antagonism reduced alcohol intake and preference during the early phase of IA in male mice only. Alcohol consumption was not affected by insula KOR knockout in either sex. In addition, we found that long-term IA decreased the intrinsic excitability of DYN and deep layer pyramidal neurons (DLPNs) in the insula of male mice. Excitatory synaptic transmission was also impacted by IA, as it drove an increase in excitatory synaptic drive in both DYN neurons and DLPNs. Combined, our findings suggest there is a dynamic interplay between excessive alcohol consumption and insula DYN/KOR microcircuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe insular cortex is a complex region that serves as an integratory hub for sensory inputs. In our previous work, we identified a microcircuit in the insula that signals through the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligand dynorphin (DYN). Both the insula and DYN/KOR systems have been implicated in excessive alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we use converging approaches to determine how insula DYN/KOR microcircuit components contribute to escalated alcohol consumption. Our findings show that insula DYN/KOR systems regulate distinct phases of alcohol consumption in a sex-specific manner, which may contribute to the progression to AUD.
Dimensionality and Ramping: Signatures of Sentence Integration in the Dynamics of Brains and Deep Language Models
Authors: Desbordes Théo , Lakretz Yair , Chanoine Valérie , Oquab Maxime , Badier Jean-Michel , Trébuchon Agnès , Carron Romain , Bénar Christian-G. , Dehaene Stanislas , King Jean-Rémi 
Published: May 2023

A sentence is more than the sum of its words: its meaning depends on how they combine with one another. The brain mechanisms underlying such semantic composition remain poorly understood. To shed light on the neural vector code underlying semantic composition, we introduce two hypotheses: (1) the intrinsic dimensionality of the space of neural representations should increase as a sentence unfolds, paralleling the growing complexity of its semantic representation; and (2) this progressive integration should be reflected in ramping and sentence-final signals. To test these predictions, we designed a dataset of closely matched normal and jabberwocky sentences (composed of meaningless pseudo words) and displayed them to deep language models and to 11 human participants (5 men and 6 women) monitored with simultaneous MEG and intracranial EEG. In both deep language models and electrophysiological data, we found that representational dimensionality was higher for meaningful sentences than jabberwocky. Furthermore, multivariate decoding of normal versus jabberwocky confirmed three dynamic patterns: (1) a phasic pattern following each word, peaking in temporal and parietal areas; (2) a ramping pattern, characteristic of bilateral inferior and middle frontal gyri; and (3) a sentence-final pattern in left superior frontal gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex. These results provide a first glimpse into the neural geometry of semantic integration and constrain the search for a neural code of linguistic composition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStarting from general linguistic concepts, we make two sets of predictions in neural signals evoked by reading multiword sentences. First, the intrinsic dimensionality of the representation should grow with additional meaningful words. Second, the neural dynamics should exhibit signatures of encoding, maintaining, and resolving semantic composition. We successfully validated these hypotheses in deep neural language models, artificial neural networks trained on text and performing very well on many natural language processing tasks. Then, using a unique combination of MEG and intracranial electrodes, we recorded high-resolution brain data from human participants while they read a controlled set of sentences. Time-resolved dimensionality analysis showed increasing dimensionality with meaning, and multivariate decoding allowed us to isolate the three dynamical patterns we had hypothesized.
Salicylic acid attenuates brassinosteroid signaling via protein de‐S‐acylation
Authors: Liu Xiaoshi , Chen Zian , Huang Liting , Ouyang Youwei , Wang Zhiying , Wu Shuang , Ye Weixian , Yu Boya , Zhang Yihang , Yang Chengwei , Lai Jianbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant hormones involved in many aspects of development. Here, we show that BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs), key components of the BR pathway, are precisely controlled via de‐S‐acylation mediated by the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). Most Arabidopsis BSK members are substrates of S‐acylation, a reversible protein lipidation that is essential for their membrane localization and physiological function. We establish that SA interferes with the plasma membrane localization and function of BSKs by decreasing their S‐acylation levels, identifying ABAPT11 (ALPHA/BETA HYDROLASE DOMAIN‐CONTAINING PROTEIN 17‐LIKE ACYL PROTEIN THIOESTERASE 11) as an enzyme whose expression is quickly induced by SA. ABAPT11 de‐S‐acylates most BSK family members, thus integrating BR and SA signaling for the control of plant development. In summary, we show that BSK‐mediated BR signaling is regulated by SA‐induced protein de‐S‐acylation, which improves our understanding of the function of protein modifications in plant hormone cross talk.