bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Matching of Regular Patterns with Synchronizing Counting
Authors: Holík Lukáš , Síč Juraj , Turoňová Lenka , Vojnar Tomáš 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFast matching of regular expressions with bounded repetition, aka counting, such as $$\texttt {(ab)\{50,100\}}$$

(
ab
)
{
50
,
100
}

, i.e., matching linear in the length of the text and independent of the repetition bounds, has been an open problem for at least two decades. We show that, for a wide class of regular expressions with counting, which we call synchronizing, fast matching is possible. We empirically show that the class covers nearly all counting used in usual applications of regex matching. This complexity result is based on an improvement and analysis of a recent matching algorithm that compiles regexes to deterministic counting-set automata (automata with registers that hold sets of numbers).
Pebble minimization: the last theorems
Authors: Douéneau-Tabot Gaëtan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPebble transducers are nested two-way transducers which can drop marks (named “pebbles”) on their input word. Such machines can compute functions whose output size is polynomial in the size of their input. They can be seen as simple recursive programs whose recursion height is bounded. A natural problem is, given a pebble transducer, to compute an equivalent pebble transducer with minimal recursion height. This problem has been open since the introduction of the model.In this paper, we study two restrictions of pebble transducers, that cannot see the marks (“blind pebble transducers” introduced by Nguyên et al.), or that can only see the last mark dropped (“last pebble transducers” introduced by Engelfriet et al.). For both models, we provide an effective algorithm for minimizing the recursion height. The key property used in both cases is that a function whose output size is linear (resp. quadratic, cubic, etc.) can always be computed by a machine whose recursion height is 1 (resp. 2, 3, etc.). We finally show that this key property fails as soon as we consider machines that can see more than one mark.
Just Testing
Authors: van Glabbeek Rob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe concept of must testing is naturally parametrised with a chosen completeness criterion, defining the complete runs of a system. Here I employ justness as this completeness criterion, instead of the traditional choice of progress. The resulting must-testing preorder is incomparable with the default one, and can be characterised as the fair failure preorder of Vogler. It also is the coarsest precongruence preserving linear time properties when assuming justness.As my system model I here employ Petri nets with read arcs. Through their Petri net semantics, this work applies equally well to process algebras. I provide a Petri net semantics for a standard process algebra extended with signals; the read arcs are necessary to capture those signals.
Cutting the traintracks: Cauchy, Schubert and Calabi-Yau
Authors: Cao Qu , He Song , Tang Yichao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this note we revisit the maximal-codimension residues, or leading singularities, of four-dimensional L-loop traintrack integrals with massive legs, both in Feynman parameter space and in momentum (twistor) space. We identify a class of “half traintracks” as the most general degenerations of traintracks with conventional (0-form) leading singularities, although the integrals themselves still have rigidity $$ \left\lfloor \frac{L-1}{2}\right\rfloor $$

L
−
1

2

due to lower-loop “full traintrack” subtopologies. As a warm-up exercise, we derive closed-form expressions for their leading singularities both via (Cauchy’s) residues in Feynman parameters, and more geometrically using the so-called Schubert problems in momentum twistor space. For L-loop full traintracks, we compute their leading singularities as integrals of (L−1)-forms, which proves that the rigidity is L−1 as expected; the form is given by an inverse square root of an irreducible polynomial quartic with respect to each variable, which characterizes an (L−1)-dim Calabi-Yau manifold (elliptic curve, K3 surface, etc.) for any L. We also briefly comment on the implications for the “symbology” of these traintrack integrals.
Electric-magnetic duality in a class of G2-compactifications of M-theory
Authors: Halverson James , Sung Benjamin , Tian Jiahua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study electric-magnetic duality in compactifications of M-theory on twisted connected sum (TCS) G2 manifolds via duality with F-theory. Specifically, we study the physics of the D3-branes in F-theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau fourfold Y, dual to a compactification of M-theory on a TCS G2 manifold X. $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry is restored in an appropriate geometric limit. In that limit, we demonstrate that the dual of D3-branes probing seven-branes corresponds to the shrinking of certain surfaces and curves, yielding light particles that may carry both electric and magnetic charges. We provide evidence that the Minahan-Nemeschansky theories with En flavor symmetry may be realized in this way. The SL(2, ℤ) monodromy of the 3/7-brane system is dual to a Fourier-Mukai transform of the dual IIA/M-theory geometry in this limit, and we extrapolate this monodromy action to the global compactification. Away from the limit, the theory is broken to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry by a D-term.
The implicit bulk-surface filtering method for node-based shape optimization and a comparison of explicit and implicit filtering techniques
Authors: Najian Asl Reza , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work studies shape filtering techniques, namely the convolution-based (explicit) and the PDE-based (implicit), and introduces the implicit bulk-surface filtering method to control the boundary smoothness and preserve the internal mesh quality simultaneously in the course of bulk (solid) shape optimization. To that end, the volumetric mesh is governed by the pseudo-solid smoothing equations, which are stiffened by the mesh-Jacobian and endowed with the Robin boundary condition, which involves the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the mesh boundaries. Its superior performance from the non-simultaneous (sequential) treatment of boundary and internal meshes is demonstrated for the shape optimization of complex solid structures. Well-established explicit filters, namely Gaussian and linear, and the Helmholtz/Sobolev-based (implicit) filter are critically examined for shell optimization in terms of consistency (rigid-body-movement production), geometric characteristics, and computational cost. It is demonstrated that implicit filtering is more numerically efficient and robustly enforces fixed boundaries compared to explicit filtering. Supported by numerical experiments, a regularized Green’s function is introduced as an equivalent explicit form of the Helmholtz/Sobolev filter. Furthermore, we give special attention to deriving mesh-independent filtered sensitivities for node-based shape optimization with non-uniform meshes. It is shown that mesh-independent filtering can be achieved by scaling discrete sensitivities with the inverse of the mesh mass matrix.
Die Bedeutung von petechialen Einblutungen im Gesichtsbereich bei der zweiten Leichenschau vor der Feuerbestattung im Einzugsbereich des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Greifswald
Authors: Wudtke J. , Knoppik Y. , Dokter M. , Bockholdt B. 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie zweite Leichenschau vor der Feuerbestattung dient im Wesentlichen der Erkennung von nichtnatürlichen Todesfällen, die im Rahmen der ersten Leichenschau nicht als solche erkannt wurden. Immer wieder fallen dabei punktförmige Einblutungen im Gesichtsbereich, insbesondere in die Lid- und Lidbindehäute auf. Neben krankhaften und lagebedingten Ursachen können diese Einblutungen der einzige äußerlich erkennbare Hinweis auf eine stattgehabte Halskompression sein. Bei Feststellung derartiger Einblutungen im Rahmen der zweiten Leichenschau wird der Sterbefall „angehalten“ und bei der Kriminalpolizei angezeigt. Für einen 12-Jahres-Zeitraum (2010–2021) wurden retrospektiv alle angehaltenen Sterbefälle mit festgestellten Petechien analysiert. In diesem Zeitraum wurden in den Krematorien, für die das Institut für Rechtsmedizin Greifswald verantwortlich ist, insgesamt 2822 Sterbefälle angehalten. In 282 Fällen erfolgte diese Anhaltung aufgrund petechialer Einblutungen im Gesichtsbereich. Durch die zuständige Staatsanwaltschaft wurde in 47 % dieser Fälle eine gerichtliche Obduktion angeordnet. Im Beobachtungszeitraum fanden sich 2 Tötungsdelikte, die erst durch die zweite Leichenschau vor der Feuerbestattung im Krematorium festgestellt wurden. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass petechiale Einblutungen als Anhaltspunkt für einen nichtnatürlichen Tod nicht ausreichend bei Leichenschauärzten bekannt sind.
Surgical therapy of migraine: a 12-year single-center experience
Authors: Raposio Edoardo , Raposio Giorgio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, surgical therapy has taken on an increasingly decisive role in the therapeutic armamentarium of migraine. All surgical techniques are aimed at the complete neurolysis of some extra-cranial nerves, of which the most involved (in our experience) are the greater and lesser occipital, auriculotemporal, supraorbital, and supratrochlear nerves. This paper describes our surgical approaches for the treatment of occipital, temporal, and frontal trigger sites.MethodsA single-center, retrospective study was conducted on all patients who underwent surgical treatment of migraine between 2011 and 2022. Patients were asked to fill out a headache diary and complete a migraine questionnaire assessing parameters before surgery, after 3 months, and 1 year after surgery. Data regarding age, sex, age at onset, migraines per month (in days), associated symptoms, severity (on a scale from 1 to 10), inability to work per month (in days), health status, history of neck trauma, and family history were collected. The Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) score was also used to evaluate the degree of disability for each patient.ResultsWe have operated on 612 patients: n.266 occipital, n.248 temporal, n.98 frontal. The surgical procedure elicited a positive response in 90% of the patients (69% complete recovery). Complications were mild and temporary: mainly, hypoesthesia and numbness of the undermined areas, lasting from 3 weeks to 6 months. We observed the onset of secondary trigger sites in 257 (42%) patients.DiscussionThe described procedure is minimally invasive and highly reproducible and allows to obtain a high degree of success with a negligible rate of complications. Nevertheless, given the high percentage of occurrence of secondary trigger points, it is particularly important to warn the patient of this possibility in pre-operative visits.Level of evidence:Level III, Therapeutic
Effectiveness of biosimilar pegfilgrastim in patients with multiple myeloma after high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Martino Massimo , Gori Mercedes , Porto Gaetana , Pellicano Maria , Santoro Ludovica , Verduci Chiara , Canale Filippo Antonio , Loteta Barbara , Moscato Tiziana , Alati Caterina , Ieracitano Maria Consuelo , Cuzzocrea Amelia , Altomonte Maria , Florenzano Maria Teresa , Morabito Antonella , Irrera Giuseppe , Naso Virginia , Pugliese Marta , Console Giuseppe , Ferreri Anna , Imbalzano Lucrezia , Tripepi Giovanni , Pitino Annalisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the main indication for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Novel supportive therapies (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) have significantly improved post-ASCT-related mortality; however, data on biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez (BIO/PEG) in this setting is lacking. This prospective cohort study compared Italian patients with MM who received BIO/PEG post-ASCT with data collected retrospectively from historical control groups from the same center who received either filgrastim-sndz (BIO/G-CSF) or pegfilgrastim (PEG; originator). The primary endpoint was time to neutrophil engraftment (three consecutive days with an absolute neutrophil count ≥ 0.5 × 109/L). Secondary endpoints included incidence and duration of febrile neutropenia (FN). Of the 231 patients included, 73 were treated with PEG, 102 with BIO/G-CSF, and 56 with BIO/PEG. Median age was 60 years and 57.1% were male. Neutrophil engraftment was reached after a median of 10 days in the BIO/PEG and PEG groups and 11 days in the BIO/G-CSF group. Among patients who achieved neutrophil engraftment earlier than this (i.e., day 9), 58% (29/50) were on PEG; of those who achieved it later (i.e., day 11), 80.8% (59/73) were on BIO/G-CSF. FN incidence was higher with BIO/G-CSF (61.4%) versus PEG (52.1%) or BIO/PEG (37.5%) (p = 0.02 among groups). Patients on BIO/PEG had less frequent grade 2–3 diarrhea (5.5%) compared with BIO/G-CSF (22.5%) or PEG (21.9%); grade 2–3 mucositis was most frequent in the BIO/G-CSF group. In conclusion, pegfilgrastim and its biosimilar displayed an advantageous efficacy and safety profile compared with biosimilar filgrastim in patients with MM post-ASCT.
Efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xi-yong , Wang Yun-lu , Yang Su , Liao Chang-sheng , Li Song-feng , Han Peng-yong , Han Peng-fei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This meta-analysis aimed to compare the differences in postoperative efficacy between oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases.

Materials and methods
Strictly based on the search strategy, we searched the published papers on OLIF and TLIF for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. A total of 607 related papers were retrieved, and 15 articles were finally included. The quality of the papers was evaluated according to the Cochrane systematic review methodology, and the data were extracted and meta-analyzed using Review manager 5.4 software.

Results
Through comparison, it was found that in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, the OLIF group had certain advantages over the TLIF group in terms of intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, visual analog scale (VAS) for leg pain (VAS-LP), Oswestry disability index (ODI), disc height (DH), foraminal height (FH), fused segmental lordosis (FSL), and cage height, and the differences were statistically significant. The results were similar in terms of surgery time, complications, fusion rate, VAS for back pain (VAS-BP) and various sagittal imaging indicators, and there was no significant difference.

Conclusions
OLIF and TLIF can relieve low back pain symptoms in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, but OLIF has certain advantages in terms of ODI and VAS-LP. In addition, OLIF has the advantages of minor intraoperative trauma and quick postoperative recovery.
Data lake-driven analytics identify nocturnal non-dipping of heart rate as predictor of unfavorable stroke outcome at discharge
Authors: Nelde Alexander , Klammer Markus G. , Nolte Christian H. , Stengl Helena , Krämer Michael , von Rennenberg Regina , Meisel Andreas , Scheibe Franziska , Endres Matthias , Scheitz Jan F. , Meisel Christian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) changes have been proposed as outcome predictors after stroke. We used data lake-enabled continuous electrocardiograms to assess post-stroke HR and HRV, and to determine the utility of HR and HRV to improve machine learning-based predictions of stroke outcome.

Methods
In this observational cohort study, we included stroke patients admitted to two stroke units in Berlin, Germany, between October 2020 and December 2021 with final diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or acute intracranial hemorrhage and collected continuous ECG data through data warehousing. We created circadian profiles of several continuously recorded ECG parameters including HR and HRV parameters. The pre-defined primary outcome was short-term unfavorable functional outcome after stroke indicated through modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of > 2.

Results
We included 625 stroke patients, 287 stroke patients remained after matching for age and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; mean age 74.5 years, 45.6% female, 88.9% ischemic, median NIHSS 5). Both higher HR and nocturnal non-dipping of HR were associated with unfavorable functional outcome (p < 0.01). The examined HRV parameters were not associated with the outcome of interest. Nocturnal non-dipping of HR ranked highly in feature importance of various machine learning models.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that a lack of circadian HR modulation, specifically nocturnal non-dipping, is associated with short-term unfavorable functional outcome after stroke, and that including HR into machine learning-based prediction models may lead to improved stroke outcome prediction.
Gender-specific outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schneidewind Laila , Kiss Bernhard , Zengerling Friedemann , Borkowetz Angelika , Graf Sebastian , Kranz Jennifer , Dräger Desiree L. , Graser Annabel , Bellut Laura , Uhlig Annemarie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze gender-specific differences in survival parameters in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition.

Methods
The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate gender-specific differences in disease-free (DFS), progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). The sources MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022. No restrictions were made concerning language, study region or publication type. A comparison of gender-specific differences in survival parameters was performed using a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk of bias assessment was done using the ROBINS-I tool.

Results
Five studies were included. In a random-effect meta-analysis of the studies, PCD4989g and IMvigor 211 with both using atezolizumab, females were more likely to have better objective response rate (ORR) than men (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.20–4.16; p = 0.0110). In addition, females had a comparable median OS to men (MD 1.16; 95% CI − 3.15–5.46; p = 0.598). In summary, comparing all results, a tendency was seen toward better response rates and survival parameters in female patients. The risk of bias assessment yielded an overall low risk of bias.

Conclusions
There is a tendency toward better outcomes in women for immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, but only for the antibody atezolizumab women have a significantly better ORR. Unfortunately, many studies fail to report gender-specific outcomes. Therefore, further research is essential when aiming for individualized medicine. This research should address immunological confounders.
Barriers and applied activity, quality of life and self-efficacy in prostate cancer survivors 1 year after completing radiotherapy
Authors: Martín-Núñez Javier , Linares-Moya Marta , Calvache-Mateo Andrés , Lazo-Prados Antonio , Heredia-Ciuró Alejandro , López-López Laura , Valenza Marie Carmen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of the study were to assess self-reported physical activity (PA) levels, barriers to PA, quality of life and self-efficacy to manage chronic disease of prostate cancer survivor 1 year after radiotherapy treatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional case–control study was performed. Prostate cancer survivor patients treated with radiotherapy were recruited from the Radiation Oncology Service of the “Complejo Hospitalario Universitario” (Granada) and compared with age-matched healthy men. Outcomes included were perception of benefits for physical activity and potential barriers (Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale), physical activity levels assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension three-levels) and self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease).

Results
A total of 120 patients were included in our study. Significant differences were found between groups with worse results for the prostate cancer patient group in the variable perception of the benefit of physical activity, potential barriers, and physical activity. Regarding quality of life and self-efficacy, significant differences were also observed between groups with a greater score in the control group.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the results of this study reveal that self-reported PA levels, as measured using the IPAQ, were low in prostate cancer survivors after treatment. Results also showed worse perception of benefits for PA and potential barriers by the cancer survivors. Similarly, the quality of life and self-efficacy to manage chronic disease of prostate cancer survivors was lower.
Combining deep reinforcement learning with technical analysis and trend monitoring on cryptocurrency markets
Authors: Kochliaridis Vasileios , Kouloumpris Eleftherios , Vlahavas Ioannis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCryptocurrency markets experienced a significant increase in the popularity, which motivated many financial traders to seek high profits in cryptocurrency trading. The predominant tool that traders use to identify profitable opportunities is technical analysis. Some investors and researchers also combined technical analysis with machine learning, in order to forecast upcoming trends in the market. However, even with the use of these methods, developing successful trading strategies is still regarded as an extremely challenging task. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms demonstrated satisfying performance in solving complicated problems, including the formulation of profitable trading strategies. While some DRL techniques have been successful in increasing profit and loss (PNL) measures, these techniques are not much risk-aware and present difficulty in maximizing PNL and lowering trading risks simultaneously. This research proposes the combination of DRL approaches with rule-based safety mechanisms to both maximize PNL returns and minimize trading risk. First, a DRL agent is trained to maximize PNL returns, using a novel reward function. Then, during the exploitation phase, a rule-based mechanism is deployed to prevent uncertain actions from being executed. Finally, another novel safety mechanism is proposed, which considers the actions of a more conservatively trained agent, in order to identify high-risk trading periods and avoid trading. Our experiments on 5 popular cryptocurrencies show that the integration of these three methods achieves very promising results.