bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Weathering and Physical Erosion Fluxes From Serpentinite in Puerto Rico
Authors: Moore Angus K. , Méndez Méndez Kimberly , Hughes K. Stephen , Granger Darryl E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWeathering of ultramafic rocks emplaced at low latitude during arc‐arc and arc‐continent collisions may provide an important sink for atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales. Accurately modeling the effects of ultramafic rock weathering on Earth's carbon cycle and climate requires understanding mass fluxes from ultramafic landscapes. In this study, physical erosion and chemical weathering fluxes and weathering intensity are quantified in 15 watersheds across the Monte del Estado, a serpentinite massif in Puerto Rico, using measurements of in situ 36Cl in magnetite, stream solute fluxes, and sediment geochemistry. Despite high relief in the study watersheds, erosion fluxes are moderate (22–109 tons km−2 yr−1), chemical weathering fluxes are large (55–143 tons km−2 yr−1), and weathering intensities are among the highest yet reported for silicate‐rock weathering (up to 0.88). We use these data to parameterize power‐law relationships between weathering, erosion, and runoff. We interpret the relative importance of climate versus erosion in setting weathering fluxes and CO2 consumption from the best‐fit power‐law slopes. Weathering fluxes from tropical, montane serpentinite landscapes are found to be strongly controlled by runoff and weakly controlled by the supply of fresh rock to the weathering zone through physical erosion. The strong runoff dependence of weathering fluxes implies that, to the extent that precipitation rates are coupled to global temperature, ultramafic landscapes may be important participants in the negative silicate weathering feedback, increasing (decreasing) CO2 consumption in response to a warming (cooling) climate. Thus, serpentinite landscapes may help stabilize Earth's climate state through time.
Modes of Deformation in Sedimentary Multilayers Interacting With Sub‐Décollement Structures: Insights From 3D Seismic Interpretation in the Eastern Jura Fold and Thrust Belt
Authors: Zambrano M. , Mazzoli S. , Mosar J. , Pedini M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Jura fold and thrust belt is characterized by dominant thin‐skinned thrusting and variable interaction with inherited structures and deep‐seated (i.e., sub‐décollement) faults. Using 3D seismic data, the styles of deformation and the relationships with inherited structures at the eastern termination of the fold and thrust belt are documented in an area located NW of the city of Zürich. The investigated seismic volume includes two major, ENE trending fold‐thrust zones involving the Triassic‐Jurassic epicontinental platform succession and the stratigraphically overlying Cenozoic Molasse Basin deposits. The location of both fold‐thrust zones appears to be controlled by variable interaction between the décollement level hosted in the Triassic evaporites of the Muschelkalk Group and faults linked to an underlying Permian‐Carboniferous graben. Different modes of interaction of the Mesozoic multilayer (including the weak evaporite level close to its base) and underlying upper Paleozoic basin fill with inherited faults produced a marked contrast in structural style (pop‐up and triangle zone geometry) between the N and S fold‐thrust zones. We suggest that the different types of structures provide an unprecedented record of the transition from thin‐skinned thrusting (dominant in the N fold‐thrust zone) to deeply rooted deformation controlled by the inherited structural architecture of the upper Paleozoic basin. Such a transition was characterized by focusing of strain from the upper Paleozoic section to a narrow belt of Mesozoic strata, triggering coeval buckling and reverse faulting (manifested in the S fold‐thrust zone). Propagation of sub‐décollement faults and segment linkage eventually led to breaching of the regional detachment.
Assessing competency in less invasive surfactant administration: simulation-based validity evidence for the LISA-AT scores
Authors: Breindahl Niklas , Bay Emma Therese , Heiring Christian , MacLean-Nyegaard Ingrid Rose , Gudiksen Amalie , Frithioff Andreas , Henriksen Tine Brink , Tolsgaard Martin Grønnebæk , Aunsholt Lise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Assessment Tool (LISA-AT) was developed to support operator training and competence assessment. This study aimed to gather validity evidence in the simulated setting to support using the LISA-AT scores.

Methods
Validity evidence was gathered using the Messick framework. The lowest quartile (Q1) for the median of the experts’ LISA-AT scores defined the minimum passing score.

Results
Ten experts and 23 novices were enrolled in this study. Eight of the original 15 LISA-AT metrics effectively discriminated between novices and experts and demonstrated high test-retest reliability (Spearman’s rho = 0.87), high internal consistency, and good inter-rater reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88 and 0.82, respectively). The LISA-AT discriminated between novices’ and experts’ first two attempts with median [IQR] scores of 29 [26–32] vs 39 [39–40]). The minimum passing score was defined as 39/40 points, and the novices used a median [IQR] of 6 [5–7] attempts, ranging from 4 to 9 attempts, to reach this score. Compared with the expert group, the novices’ laryngoscopy skills and time remained significantly different even after attaining the minimum passing score.

Conclusion
We found strong validity evidence to support using the LISA-AT scores to train new LISA operators to the minimum passing score to ensure competence in the simulated setting.

Impact

This study showed robust validity evidence for using the Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Assessment Tool (LISA-AT) to train LISA novices with a high test-retest reliability, high internal consistency, and good inter-rater reliability.

Eight of the original 15 LISA-AT metrics effectively discriminated between novices and experts, with a minimum passing score of 39/40 points, corresponding to the lowest quartile (Q1) of the experts’ performances. Novices typically needed six attempts in the simulated setting, ranging from four to nine. However, their laryngoscopy skills and duration remained significantly different from experts.

Using the LISA-AT score can ensure competence in the simulated setting before advancing to supervised clinical procedures.
Inhibition of KLF5 promotes ferroptosis via the ZEB1/HMOX1 axis to enhance sensitivity to oxaliplatin in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Xu Huaxiang , He Junyi , Hu Qiangsheng , Liu Yuxin , Xu Zijin , Lou Wenhui , Wu Wenchuan , Zhang Lei , Pu Ning , Shi Chenye , Xu Yaolin , Wang Wenquan , Liu Liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a novel form of nonapoptotic cell death, ferroptosis is developing into a promising therapeutic target of dedifferentiating and therapy-refractory cancers. However, its application in pancreatic cancer is still unknown. In the preliminary research, we found that F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) inhibited the migration and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells through its substrate c-Myc. We further found that another key substrate of FBW7, KLF5, could inhibit ferroptosis. Inhibiting KLF5 significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin rather than other chemotherapy drugs. Mechanistically, we found that KLF5 inhibited the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) via repressing zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). Inhibition of KLF5 facilitated the cytotoxic effect of oxaliplatin via promoting ferroptosis. Oxaliplatin combined with KLF5 inhibitor significantly potentiated cell death in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo compared with either treatment alone. These results reveal a critical role of KLF5 in sensitized chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer, and suggest that ferroptosis combined with platinum-based chemotherapy rather than gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is expected to bring better therapeutic effects.
Incidence of optic nerve kinking in a cohort of patients with Normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Pircher Achmed , Berberat Jatta , Remonda Luca , Roberts Cynthia J. , Neutzner Albert , Killer Hanspeter E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To report on the incidence of optic nerve kinking in a series of patients diagnosed with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) compared to an age- and gender matched control group without known optic nerve diseases.

Subjects and Methods
All patients with NTG who underwent imaging (computed tomography cysternography (CTC) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) of the orbits and cranium between 2012 and 2022 were included, totalling 57 patients (27 females and 30 males; 57 eyes; mean age 69 ± 10 years). 57 age- and gender matched subjects without known optic nerve diseases who underwent MRI of the orbits and cranium served as controls. Radiographic images of the orbits were analysed for the presence of optic nerve kinking.

Results
In the axial plane at least one optic nerve kink was found in 49 of 57 (86%) optic nerves in patients with NTG and in 10 of 57 (18%) optic nerves in controls (p < 0.0001) while in the sagittal plane in 28 of 57 (49%) optic nerves in patients with NTG and in 1 of 57 (2%) optic nerves in controls (p < 0.0001) (Fisher’s two-tailed exact test).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a high statistically significant incidence of optic nerve kinking in patients with NTG compared to controls without known optic nerve diseases. Its possible role involved in the pathophysiology of NTG needs to be evaluated.
Reverse mutational scanning of SARS-CoV-2 spike BA.2.86 identifies epitopes contributing to immune escape from polyclonal sera
Authors: Bdeir Najat , Lüddecke Tatjana , Maaß Henrike , Schmelz Stefan , Rand Ulfert , Jacobsen Henning , Metzdorf Kristin , Kulkarni Upasana , Cossmann Anne , Stankov Metodi V. , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Behrens Georg M. N. , Čičin-Šain Luka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The recently detected Omicron BA.2.86 lineage contains more than 30 amino acid mutations relative to BA.2. BA.2.86 and its JN.1 derivative evade neutralization by serum antibodies of fully vaccinated individuals. In this study, we elucidate epitopes driving the immune escape of BA.2.86 and JN.1 via pseudovirus neutralization. Here we generate 33 BA.2.86 mutants, each reverting a single mutation back to BA.2. We use this library in an approach that we call reverse mutational scanning to define distinct neutralization titers against each epitope. Mutations within the receptor binding domain at K356T, V483Δ, and to a lesser extent N460K, A484K, and F486P enhance immune escape. Interestingly, 16insMPLF within the spike N-terminal domain and P621S within S1/S2 also significantly contribute to antibody escape of BA.2.86. Upon XBB.1.5 booster vaccination, neutralization titers against JN.1 and BA.2.86 improve considerably, and residual immune escape is driven by 16insMPLF, N460K, E554K, and to a lesser extent P621S, and A484K.
Schlieren texture and topography induced confinement in an organic exciton-polariton laser
Authors: Le Roux Florian , Mischok Andreas , Tenopala-Carmona Francisco , Gather Malte C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-linearities in organic exciton-polariton microcavities represent an attractive platform for quantum devices. However, progress in this area hinges on the development of material platforms for high-performance polariton lasing, scalable and sustainable fabrication, and ultimately strategies for electrical pumping. Here, we show how introducing Schlieren texturing and a rough intra-cavity topography in a liquid crystalline conjugated polymer enables strong in-plane confinement of polaritons and drastic enhancement of the lasing properties. In high-Q distributed Bragg reflector microcavities, polariton lasing was observed at unprecedented thresholds of 136 fJ per pulse. Morphology tuning also permitted polariton lasing in more lossy metallic microcavities while maintaining a competitive lasing threshold. The facile fabrication of these cavities will drastically reduce the complexity of integrating polariton lasers with other structures and the high conductivity of metallic mirrors may provide a route to electrical pumping.
Decoding the m6A epitranscriptomic landscape for biotechnological applications using a direct RNA sequencing approach
Authors: Liu Chuwei , Liang Heng , Wan Arabella H. , Xiao Min , Sun Lei , Yu Yiling , Yan Shijia , Deng Yuan , Liu Ruonian , Fang Juan , Wang Zhi , He Weiling , Wan Guohui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Epitranscriptomic modifications, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A), are crucial regulators of gene expression, influencing processes such as RNA stability, splicing, and translation. Traditional computational methods for detecting m6A from Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) data are constrained by their reliance on experimentally validated labels, often resulting in the underestimation of modification sites. Here, we introduce pum6a, an innovative attention-based framework that integrates positive and unlabeled multi-instance learning (MIL) to address the challenges of incomplete labeling and missing read-level annotations. By combining electrical signal features with base alignment data and employing a weighted Noisy-OR probability mechanism, pum6a achieves enhanced sensitivity and accuracy in m6A detection, particularly in low-coverage loci. Pum6a outperforms existing methods in identifying m6A sites across various cell lines and species, without requiring extensive parameter tuning. We further apply pum6a to study the dynamic regulation of m6A demethylases in gastric cancer under hypoxia, revealing distinct roles for FTO and ALKBH5 in modulating m6A modifications and uncovering key insights into m6A -mediated transcript stability. Our findings highlight the potential of pum6a as a powerful tool for advancing the understanding of epitranscriptomic regulation in health and disease, paving the way for biotechnological and therapeutic applications.
A metal-trap tests and refines blueprints to engineer cellular protein metalation with different elements
Authors: Clough Sophie E. , Young Tessa R. , Tarrant Emma , Scott Andrew J. P. , Chivers Peter T. , Glasfeld Arthur , Robinson Nigel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has been challenging to test how proteins acquire specific metals in cells. The speciation of metalation is thought to depend on the preferences of proteins for different metals competing at intracellular metal-availabilities. This implies mis-metalation may occur if proteins become mis-matched to metal-availabilities in heterologous cells. Here we use a cyanobacterial MnII-cupin (MncA) as a metal trap, to test predictions of metalation. By re-folding MncA in buffered competing metals, metal-preferences are determined. Relating metal-preferences to metal-availabilities estimated using cellular metal sensors, predicts mis-metalation of MncA with FeII in E. coli. After expression in E. coli, predominantly FeII-bound MncA is isolated experimentally. It is predicted that in metal-supplemented viable cells metal-MncA speciation should switch. MnII-, CoII-, or NiII-MncA are recovered from the respective metal-supplemented cells. Differences between observed and predicted metal-MncA speciation are used to refine estimated metal availabilities. Values are provided as blueprints to guide engineering biological protein metalation.
Relationship between inherited genetic variation and survival from colorectal cancer stratified by tumour location
Authors: Wills Christopher , Watts Katie , Houseman Amy , Maughan Timothy S. , Fisher David , Al-Tassan Nada A. , Houlston Richard S. , Escott-Price Valentina , Cheadle Jeremy P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The location of a patient’s colorectal cancer (CRC) influences their outcome but inherited factors may also be involved. We studied 1899 patients with advanced CRC (514 had proximal colonic, 493 distal colonic and 892 rectal tumours) and carried out genome-wide association studies for survival. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) suggestive of association (P < 1.0 × 10–5) were tested for replication in 5078 CRC patients from the UK Biobank. We investigated the relationship between Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type 2 Beta (PI4K2B) expression in colorectal tumours and survival in 597 patients from The Human Protein Atlas (THPA). We also analysed 3 SNPs previously associated with survival by anatomical site. We found that SNPs at 54 independent loci were suggestive of an association with survival when stratified by tumour location. rs76011559 replicated in patients with proximal tumours (COIN, COIN-B and UK Biobank combined Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.53, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = 1.19–1.86, P = 7.5 × 10–7) and rs12273047 replicated in patients with rectal tumours (combined HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09–1.46, P = 4.1 × 10–7). In gene analyses, PI4K2B associated with survival in patients with distal cancers (P = 2.1 × 10–6) and increased PI4K2B expression in colorectal tumours was associated with improved survival (P = 9.6 × 10–5). No previously associated SNPs were replicated. Our data identify novel loci associated with survival when stratified by tumour location.
Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of bronze patina or/and protective coating on the surface of the archaeological coins
Authors: Saleh Saleh M. , El-Badry Abd El-Hakim A. , Abdel-karim Amal M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Archaeological coins are considered essential sources of historical documentation. Over time, they are subjected to corrosion processes that gradually alter their appearance, shape, and composition. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the patina and/or protective coating on the corrosion process. Protection of the original coin surface was crucial following the completion of the cleaning protocol. Various finishes of coin fragments (uncoated, aged, and freshly coated) were investigated to determine their chemical composition, nature of the patina, and corrosion products on their surface using stereo microscopy(SM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The analysis revealed that the coins were composed of a Cu–Sn- and Pb bronze alloy. Furthermore, the efficiency of the patina and/or protective coatings on the coin fragments was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The highest protection was achieved for patinated-freshly protective coated fragments, while the most corrosive fragments were those affected by bronze diseases.
A scalable 3–15 GHz 256‐element active phased array for ultra‐wideband multi‐functional RF sensor systems
Authors: Yu Daqun , Mi Jian , Miao Zhuo‐Wei , Hao Zhang‐Cheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis letter presents a 256‐element ultra‐wideband active phased array tile spanning 3–15 GHz. The array employs Vivaldi antennas arranged in a triangular lattice, optimizing the T/R module count. The ultra‐wideband T/R module, based on system‐in‐package (SiP) technology, integrates power amplifiers, low‐noise amplifiers, and multifunctional chips. A prototype was fabricated and measured, with the active layer, including T/R modules, having a thickness of just 8.4 mm. Measured results show a scanning range of ±60° at 10 GHz, ±15° at 13 GHz, and ±5° at 15 GHz, with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1.0 GHz. The prototype achieves 49 dB W EIRP and 1.3 dB/K G/T at 10 GHz, and 5.21% EVM for a 64‐QAM modulated signal. These results establish the array as a viable solution for cost‐effective, scalable, ultra‐wideband multi‐functional RF sensor systems.
Isolated Mega Cisterna Magna: A Preliminary Study from Eastern Iran
Authors: Pishjoo Masoud , Safdari Mohammad , Safdari Zohre , Ghaemi Mahtab , Kheradmand Daniel , Jouzdani Ali Fathi , Saghbdoust Sajjad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background The clinical significance and incidence of isolated mega cisterna magna (MCM) have been thoroughly investigated. While MCM has been reported in association with psychiatric disorders in adults, current study sought to report its incidence and relationship with gender and age in a consecutive series of patients without psychiatric comorbidities.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1,016 consecutive computed tomography scans of patients between the age of 1 and 80 with a history of minor head trauma, headache, or vertigo from April to August 2023. Two perpendicular diameters inside the MCM were measured: the first diameter (D1) was measured longitudinally on the midsagittal plane (anteroposterior diameter), whereas the second one (D2) was measured transeversely (transverse diameter). An MCM with D1 > 20 mm was defined as “huge MCM.” The relationship between age, gender, and the two diameters were subsequently analyzed.
Results Over a course of 5 months, 92 cases with MCM, including 76 men, were evaluated. The mean age of MCM cases was 35.31 ± 26.14, with no significant relationship observed between age and MCM. No significant difference in D1 was found between genders, while D2 significantly differed between men and women (p < 0.029). “Huge MCM” was exclusively observed in 18 men (p < 0.035). There was also no significant correlation between D1 and D2.
Conclusion MCM appears to be a normal variation in the general population with no clinical significance. Despite the small sample size, the current study can provide a foundation for further studies to investigate the correlation of isolated MCM with different aspects of cognitive functions and its potential clinical relevance.
Adjuvant Therapy in Early Uterine Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Garrett Alison A , Orellana Taylor H , Soong T Rinda , Rives Taylor A , Taylor Sarah E , Coffman Lan , Buckanovich Ronald , Mahdi Haider , Beriwal Sushil , Sukumvanich Paniti , Bhargava Rohit , Olawaiye Alexander B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective: Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a rare diagnosis but associated with high mortality. There is limited data to guide adjuvant treatment decisions in early stage disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in early stage USC.
Methods: Patients with stage I and II USC treated at a single institution from 1/2006-12/2019 were identified. Demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment and outcome data were collected. Data were compared using descriptive statistics. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods.
Results: Ninety-four patients were identified. Median follow-up time was 33.5 months. The median age was 68 years (range 49-87), the majority of patients were white (n=78, 83.0%), and the median BMI was 30.7 (range 14.2-57.3). Minimally-invasive surgical staging was performed in 59.6% of cases (n=56). Most patients had stage IA disease (n=70, 74.5%). Most patients (n=79, 84.0%) received adjuvant therapy, and a majority of patients received a combination of systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy (n=55, 58.5%), with the most common combination being chemotherapy plus vaginal brachytherapy (n=42, 44.7%). Most patients (n=77, 81.9%) remain without evidence of disease, while 17 patients (18.1%) have recurred. Patients receiving 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy experienced improved OS (p=0.004) and improved RFS (p=0.02) compared to those receiving no adjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Patients with early stage USC who received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly improved OS and RFS when compared to those patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.