bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design of floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) for Eastern Part Indonesia
Authors: Khoiriyah Lilik , Artana Ketut Buda , Dinariyana A A B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) can be used as an alternative fuel with environmentally friendly solutions. In general, the domestic distribution of natural gas in LNG is more cost-effective than transporting gas through underwater pipelines considering Indonesia as archipelagic country. According to Indonesia’s Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 13 of 2020, the government supports converting 52 power plants to LNG. However, the current challenge in the LNG industry is the lack of supporting facilities. Storage and regasification facilities are among the infrastructure that requires optimization. Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) are viable options for energy distribution that offer opportunities and competitiveness compared to onshore terminals. Small and medium-scale FSRU can serve as an alternative solution due to their relatively fast, flexible, and affordable development process. Therefore, this research will develop a small-medium FSRU design with a capacity of 60 MW − 70 MW in Eastern Indonesia. FSRU design should consist of four segments including location considerations and environmental conditions, powerplants gas requirements, LNG storage tank sizing and LNG regasification process. Calculations for various supporting FSRU components, seakeeping analysis, loading-offloading processes, 3D modelling and the integration of solar panels were discussed. The results obtained include the principal dimension, technical aspects of FSRU design, and the technology for LNG regasification processes used.
Smart Evaluation of Green Campus Sustainability at Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Zulfa V , Nugraheni P L , Mashabi N A , Faesal M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to identify models of environmental sustainability and Green Campus within the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This study used research and development method. The data collected in this study is primary data consisting of respondent characteristics, environmental sustainability, and Green Campus characteristics in the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The population in this study were all students of the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The sample in this study was all students of the Family Welfare Cluster. Data was collected by filling out a questionnaire. The data that has been collected is then processed and analyzed to see the most appropriate environmental sustainability and Green Campus model to be applied in the Faculty of Engineering. The research stages consist of research preparation, theory review, instrument preparation, instrument testing, instrument revision, field data collection, processing data, data analysis, and preparation of research outputs. Green Campus model in Universitas Negeri Jakarta focuses on the existence of green space, transportation, and the green movement. The concern is needed from various parties to strengthen other components in the section on green energy, green people, and green transportation. Policies are needed to move the academic community to be more concerned about the campus environment and the future development of Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
Briquettes Optimization of Palm Shell Waste and LDPE Plastic based on Particle Size and Compressive Strength as Alternative Fuels
Authors: Dalimunthe Y K , Widayani  , Aditya I D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find the optimal parameters of the briquette making process (particle size and pressure), where optimization was carried out based on the values of physical properties, namely density, elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The method used in this study was to vary the particle size of palm shell charcoal waste with particle sizes of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mesh mixed with chopped LDPE plastic with a size of 0,5 x 0,5 cm, starch adhesive and water with a predetermined composition, then the briquettes are given varying pressures of 30N/m2, 40N/m2, 50N/m2, 60N/m2, 70N/m2 and 80N/m2. The results of this study found that the highest density value was 808,71 kg/m3, the highest elastic modulus value was 50 MPa, and the highest ultimate strength is 4,81 Mpa. Based on the values of density, elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength, it can be concluded that the most optimal briquettes are produced from a particle size of 80 mesh and a pressure of 70N/m2 with a density value of 796,08 kg/m3, an elastic modulus of 40 MPa and an ultimate strength of 4,81 MPa.
Energy and CO2 saving potential of district heating system
Authors: Kadric Dz , Biber N , Omanovic A , Kadric E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the energy and CO2 saving potential of existing district heating energy system. Analysed system fully rely on fuel oil, with significant energy losses, increased fuel consumption and CO2 emission resulting from outdated and oversized system and fuel with high greenhouse emission factor. Heat generation and thermal energy distribution systems efficiency are assessed, showing that overall system efficiency is 48.5%. System environmental impact is shown via absolute CO2 and specific CO2 emission per heated surface area and useful energy. The study proposes retrofit measures to improve system efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, introduce low-emission fuels, and lower the system’s environmental impact. The study finds that the implementation of these measures could reduce system energy consumption by 42.7%, absolute CO2 emissions by 52%, and specific CO2 indicators as well, highlighting the potential for reducing the environmental impact of district heating systems while meeting users energy needs.
The economic feasibility approach of the development of geothermal power plant 2 x 20 MW
Authors: Timpal G B J , Irham S , Yulia P S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The development of a geothermal power plant project can be implemented if the project is feasible and can provide benefits from the economic side. In this study, the economic feasibility calculation for the development of a 2 x 20 MW power plant project was carried out based on economic indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Pay Out Time (POT). The discounted cash flow method is used in determining the economic feasibility. The calculation results obtained for this power plant development project is not feasible because the NPV is US$ -31,336 million, IRR is 7.11% and POT is 0 year. Due to the uneconomical results obtained, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the tariff price, drilling costs, and Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning (EPCC) costs. With electricity tariffs regulated based on Presidential Regulation Number 112 of 2022, it is found that the resulting taxes in the area are not economical and there is needed for tariff adjustments, namely at a minimum price of 15 cents/kWh and 18 cents/kWh so that the project is economical. However, this price could not be realized because the price far exceeded the highest benchmark price set. Meanwhile, with these uneconomical and unfeasible results, a scenario of a loan was carried out to get better results with an NPV is US$ 528,000, IRR is 10.46% and POT is 28 years. Therefore, with a loan scenario, the project can be obtained as feasible.
Encapsulation Of β-Carotene And Curcumin In Liposome From Soybean Lecithin And L-α-Phosphatidylcholine Using SC-CO2 With The Assistance Of Ultrasonication
Authors: Safitri A , Machmudah S , Winardi S , Wahyudiono  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The newest method to maintain better bioavailability of antioxidant compounds in the human digestive process is encapsulation using liposomes. The liposomes used were lecithin from soybean seeds and L-α-Phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, curcumin and β-carotene were encapsulated in soy lecithin liposomes using SC-CO2 with 100% ethanol, aquadest 50% v/v ethanol and 100% aquadest at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C and pressure 15 MPa, 20 MPa and 25 MPa by ultrasonication for 60 minutes. This research was conducted to obtain liposomes from curcumin and β-carotene encapsulation, analyse the effect of lecithin from soybean seeds on the formation of encapsulation in liposomes, analyse the effect of operating conditions on the encapsulation process on the size of curcumin and β-carotene in liposomes and determine the size characteristics of liposomes. This was analysed using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with the Dynamic Light Scattering method and also using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. The results of the PSA test showed that the increase in operating temperature and pressure resulted in an increase in liposome particle size. UV-Vis analysis proved that the content of curcumin and β-carotene in liposomes from L-α-Phosphatidylcholine had better results. It was found that using SC-CO2+Sonicator had higher concentrations of curcumin and β-carotene with the condition that the higher the temperature, the higher the curcumin content. The use of liposomes has increased the stability of encapsulated suspensions and prevented flocculation. SEM analysis proved that the encapsulation of curcumin with L-α-Phosphatidylcholine has the smallest particle size distribution of 2 micro meters so that it can be categorized as multilamellar vesicles (MLV).
Transit, walking and cycling infrastructure and sustainable development in Enugu city, Nigeria
Authors: Okosun Andrew E. , Okeke Francis O. , Igwe Ajuluchukwu E. , Ezema Emmanuel C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a predominantly urban world, people’s ability to move within cities is a critical driver of sustainability. The transportation system which constitutes a large percentage of the physical urban environment provides mobility and aid economic sector. However, it contributes to several major environmental pressures including pollution, congestion, accidents, waste accumulation, resources depletion and disruption of nature. While urban population growth and increase in economic activities combine to generate higher demand for transportation services and heighten the problem. How to effectively deal with these imposing threats and simultaneously provide optimal mobility for city dwellers is the backbone of this research. Drawing experiences from developed cities, the study used Achara layout in Enugu as a case study. From observation, surveys and published literature data were collected and analysed qualitatively. The primary data include, physical traffic count, existing road character, traffic infrastructure and demographic statistics. Findings show the extensive sterility of Enugu’s urban infrastructure to motorized traffic and lack of provision for walking and cycling. It recommends strategies for planning and managing the urban environment which recognizes and acknowledged the social, environmental and economic realities. The conclusion demonstrates that cities designed for pedestrians and cyclist are cities designed for people and sustainable development.
Population density and rainfall increase the incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in West Java, Indonesia: a secondary data analysis from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Juariah  , Samiran  , Fuadzy H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the seasonal/latent infectious diseases that potentially to become an epidemic if it is not anticipated properly. DHF cases in West Java, show fluctuating numbers and this province is one of the provinces in Indonesia with the most dengue cases each year. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between rainfall, temperature and population density with the incidence of DHF in West Java, Indonesia. This research was an analytical study using secondary data from 2017 to 2021. Data on population density and rainfall were obtained from the BPS Statistics of West Java Province, while DHF case data were obtained from the West Java Provincial Health Office. The data were analysed using ordinal regression. Results of this study found that the risk of increasing DHF cases in densely populated areas was 8.75 times higher than in less densely populated areas. This study also showed that the risk of increasing DHF cases in areas with high rainfall was 21.43 times higher compared to areas with low rainfall. Therefore, it can be concluded that the denser of the population and the higher of the rainfall, the greater risk of increasing DHF cases in the region.
Study of Septic Tank Wastewater Distribution in Soil
Authors: Anggia Y , Herlina N , Silda  , Elisabeth L , Mikhaprilia L , Monica H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In general, people use septic tanks for household wastewater management, but most of them do not meet health requirements and sni regulations, resulting in polluted shallow groundwater. Because of these issues, the author conducted a laboratory simulation of septic tank wastewater seepage on a small scale. This research was carried out in a 100 cm x 100 cm x 40 cm glass box. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution distance, flow rate, and travel time of septic tank wastewater in a horizontal direction wihtin a glass container. The study used statistical analysis to examine the horizontal spread of septic tank effluent in a glass box. The distribution simulation was performed using laboratory tests a ratio 1:10 according to the existing conditions and soil physical properties were tested. Contaminant parameters including the concentration of Escherichia coli and ammonia (NH3N) were analyzed based on distance and time. The number of samples tested in this study was 40 arranged transversely. The results of soil physical property tests included specific gravity of 2,648%, plastic limit of 16,443%, liquid limit of 25,906%, plastic index of 9,463%, sieve analysis of 17,51%, moisture content of 13%, organic matter of 6,12% and permeability 5,388 x 10−5 cm/s. The results of Escherichia coli concentration tests at showed that the concentration was 1,6 x 104 (mpn/100 ml) at the closets distance from the source of spread and 0,92 x 104 (mpn/100 ml) at the farthest distance. The ammonia (nh3n) concentration at the closest distance from the source of spread was 1,30 (mg/l) and the farthest distance was 0,97 (mg/l). The simulation results of the horizontal spread of septic tank wastewater in a glass box at a distance 81 cm required a travel time of 425 minutes (7 hours 5 minutes) with a septic tank wastewater spread speed/flow rate 8,4 x 10−5 liter/minute.
Evaluation of toxic and hazardous waste management in coal mining company heavy equipment workshop
Authors: wardhani E , nastiti K , z irmansyah A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coal is a relatively abundant energy source, especially in East Kalimantan Province. PT X is one of the coal mining companies that has experienced increased demand to meet consumer needs. Coal mining activities use various heavy equipment that requires periodic maintenance workshops. Heavy equipment units produce Toxic and Hazardous Waste (THW). This study aims to evaluate the management of THW in workshop PT X based on applicable government regulations. THW management identifies the source, type, and generation of waste generated and activities for reduction, packaging, storage, collection/transportation, and utilization. The research results show that the number of heavy equipment used is 85 units. The THW produced during the 2021-2022 period is 13,847 tons/year of used batteries/batteries, 31,501 tons/year of used filters, 1,250 tons/year of used hoses, 30,420 tons/year of THW contaminated waste, 1,500 tons/year of used waste and oil lubricants 541,991 tons/year. Management of THW in the workshop as a whole has met the standards based on applicable regulations. Two things must be improved to improve THW management, namely labeling equipped with information about THW and THW storage areas which are classified based on the type of waste designated.
The application of biodrying method for organic waste treatment in Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
Authors: Minarti A , Aphirta S , Marendra S M P , Rahmiyati L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Universitas Trisakti has been attributed with many activities and has not been equipped with a proper solid waste management to recover the waste that may contaminate the environment. Biodrying becomes an approach of drying technique utilizing the heat generated by biological activities to degrade the organic waste and also acknowledged to be the proper technique to provide the raw material for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). This study aims to conduct the process of biodrying technique carried out in an acrylic chamber with the capacity of 18000 cm3. The source of municipal solid waste supplied by the transfer waste facility in the area of Universitas Trisakti. Only organic waste was used during the biodrying process. Aeration rate was 3 l/min. The biodrying process was observed for 8 (eight) days which the activities of microorganisms were identified at the third days, shown by the condensation of the evaporated water released on the top and side walls of the biodrying reactor. Due to this condition, the designed reactor needs further innovation to avoid the condensation of evaporated water to raise the reduction rate of moisture content. This pretreatment study showed the absence of leachate which proves that the biodrying method has the potential to reduce the negative impact of unmanaged solid waste generation.
Implementing Effective Environmental Monitoring in Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facilities: A Step towards Sustainable Waste Management
Authors: Despa Dikpride , Rinawati  , Arinto Setiawan FX , Septiana Trisya , Sepsriza Romi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Good environmental management is essential for sustainable development. Environmental monitoring at Temporary Shelters for Hazardous and Toxic Wastes (TPS B3) is an important step in preserving the environment and human health. B3 waste contains materials that have the potential to damage ecosystems and endanger living things if not managed properly. Environmental monitoring at TPS PLN UP3 Tanjung Karang Hazardous and Toxic waste aims to detect, prevent, and reduce the negative impacts caused by B3 waste on the environment. Monitoring methods may include sampling and analysis of wastewater, monitoring of air quality, and monitoring of leaks that may cause pollution. The results of laboratory tests revealed that the water content of the wastewater, the air quality at the TPS PLN UP3 Tanjung Karang Hazardous and Toxic waste were still below the environmental quality standards and there were no waste leaks that could cause pollution.
Comparative analysis of waste management system in Meranti Forest Natural Tourism, Balikpapan City, Indonesia
Authors: Khoriah S , Ulimaz M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The use of the Meranti Protection Forest area which is developed into a new natural tourism will cause an increase in the number of visitors which can have a negative impact on the environment. And in developing an area into a new tourism, but not having complete infrastructure will further aggravate the condition of the tourist environment in the future. Therefore, it is very important for a new natural tourism area to plan an integrated waste management system so that waste handling in the area can be handled properly and as much as possible. This plan also reflects development towards smart and sustainable nature tourism in maintaining the environment and ecosystem around the natural tourism area. In implementing the plan, the method used is to compare data on existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area in terms of technical and non-technical aspects obtained through primary surveys with standards or criteria for providing infrastructure in natural tourism areas. The results of this study will show problems from the results of data comparison, which will then be solved based on the level of Urgency, Seriousness, Growth of the problem. The results of this study will be a reference in planning the provision of an integrated waste management system that is in accordance with current and future needs in maintaining the environment in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area of Balikpapan City.
Bioremediation of diesel oil: potential use of bacteria consortium Lactobacillus fermentum and Clostridium beijerinckii in degrading Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH)
Authors: Sipahutar Naomi Oshin Laurensa , Rahmiyati Lutfia , Rinanti Astri , Fachrul Melati Ferianita , Minarti Astari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Diesel oil is a major petroleum-refined product known as the primary environmental pollutant due to its toxic complex hydrocarbons and difficulty in decomposing naturally. This study aims to determine the efficiency of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) removal in the bioremediation process of diesel oil pollution by utilizing a bacteria consortium of Lactobacillus fermentum and Clostridium beijerinckii as biocatalysts. The diesel oil degradation test was conducted on a laboratory scale using Stone Mineral Salt Solution (SMSs) liquid media with a batch system (limited culture). The temperature was set at 30°C with a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 10 days. Different treatments of pH (5, 7, 9) and contact time (10, 20, 30 days) were applied to varied diesel oil concentrations (5, 10, 20%, v/v). The oil components were measured using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector. Diesel oil samples were put into SMSs containing 10% bacterial consortium and 10% NPK fertilizer. The sensitivity test showed that the bacterial consortium was resistant, proven by the absence of an inhibition zone around the disc paper area containing diesel oil. The highest TPH removal efficiency found was 97.3% when 5% diesel oil was degraded by the bacterial consortium at pH 7 for 20 days. This study proves that the bacterial consortium can be recommended in bioremediation to alleviate diesel oil pollution in the environment.
The Potential of Crab Chitosan Polymer as EOR Injection Fluid
Authors: Ulfah B.M. , Setiati R , Fathaddin M.F. , Ratnaningsih D.R. , Swadesi B , Suprayitno A , Firdaus  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The abundant availability of crab shell waste in Indonesia is still not optimally utilized. Crab shell contains chitin that can be processed into chitosan. Chitosan polymer can be developed to be utilized on Enhanced Oil Recovery. The objective of this study is to measure the amount of biopolymer adsorption potential of crab shell on sandstone both statically and dynamically, in order to obtain oil recovery potential by using crab shell chitosan as injection fluid. Method of this study is categorized as experimental research through direct observation inside a laboratory. The utilized biopolymer in this research was chitosan made from crab shell. Biopolymer solution concentrations in this research are 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 mg/L and the formation water salinity levels were at 10,000 and 20,000 mg/L. The research was conducted by using variations of formation water compounds namely NaCl and MgCl2. The research conducted consists of viscosity, transmittance, and adsorption measurements on biopolymer and water formation salinity concentrations. The sand pack flooding was conducted to observe oil displacement by selected formation water and chitosan solution. After conducted viscosity test, solution with the highest viscosity levels were chosen as driving fluid in sand pack flooding. The solutions are N2R3 samples which are crab shell chitosan solution with formation water containing NaCl with salinity level 20,000 mg/L and chitosan concentration of 15,000 mg/L. The viscosity value of the sample was at 1728.67 cP. Conclusion: Crab chitosan with 15,000 mg/L concentration, 20,000 mg/L salinity, and viscosity value of 1728.67 cp can be optimally utilized in sand pack flooding by providing incremental recovery factor of 10.27%.