bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global transonic solution of hot accretion flow with thermal conduction
Authors: Mitra Samik , Ghoreyshi Sayyedeh Masoumeh , Mosallanezhad Amin , Abbassi Shahram , Das Santabrata 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of thermal conduction on the low-angular momentum hot accretion flow (HAF) around non-rotating black holes accreting mass at very low rate. While doing so, we adopt the conductive heat flux in the saturated form, and solve the set of dynamical equations corresponding to a steady, axisymmetric, viscous, advective accretion flow using numerical methods. We study the dynamical and thermodynamical properties of accreting matter in terms of the input parameters, namely energy (ε0), angular momentum (ℓ0), viscosity parameter (α), and saturation constant (Φs) regulating the effect of thermal conduction. We find that Φs plays a pivotal role in deciding the transonic properties of the global accretion solutions. In general, when Φs is increased, the critical point (rc) is receded away from the black hole, and flow variables are altered particularly in the outer part of the disc. To quantify the physically acceptable range of Φs, we compare the global transonic solutions with the self-similar solutions, and observe that the maximum saturation constant ($\Phi ^{\rm max}_{\rm s}$) estimated from the global solutions exceeds the saturated thermal conduction limit (Φsc) derived from the self-similar formalism. Moreover, we calculate the correlation between α and $\Phi ^{\rm max}_{\rm s}$ and find ample disagreement between global solutions and self-similar solutions. Further, using the global flow variables, we compute the Bernoulli parameter (Be) which remains positive all throughout the disc, although flow becomes loosely unbound for higher Φs. Finally, we indicate the relevance of this work in the astrophysical context in explaining the possibility of mass-loss/outflows from the unbound disc.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Five Anti-calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Agents for Migraine Prevention
Authors: Sun Wenfang , Cheng Hua , Xia Binbin , Liu Xianjun , Li Yali , Wang Xuemei , Liu Chengjiang 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) agents are some of the newest preventive medications for migraine. There is limited literature comparing the efficacy of the most recent CGRP antagonist, atogepant, to CGRP monoclonal antibodies for migraine prevention. In this network meta-analysis, the efficacy and safety of migraine treatments including different doses of atogepant and CGRP monoclonal antibodies were evaluated to provide a reference for future clinical trials.

Materials and Methods:
A search using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified all randomized controlled trials published through May 2022 and including patients diagnosed with episodic or chronic migraine and treated with erenumab, fremanezumab, eptinezumab, galcanezumab, atogepant, or placebo. The primary outcomes were the reduction of monthly migraine days, 50% response rate, and the number of adverse events (AEs). The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results:
In this study, 24 articles were considered for analysis. Regarding efficacy, all interventions were superior to placebo with a statistically significant difference. The most effective intervention was monthly fremanezumab 225 mg in change from baseline of migraine days (standard mean difference = −0.49, 95% CI: −0.62, −0.37) and 50% response rate (risk ratio = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.16,4.10), while the optimal choice for reducing acute medication days was monthly erenumab 140 mg (standard mean difference = −0.68, 95% CI: −0.79, −0.58). In terms of AEs, all therapies and placebo did not achieve statistical significance except for monthly galcanezumab 240 mg and quarterly fremanezumab 675 mg. There was no significant difference in discontinuation due to AEs between interventions and placebo.

Discussion:
All anti-CGRP agents were more effective than placebo in migraine prevention. Overall, monthly fremanezumab 225 mg, monthly erenumab 140 mg, and daily atogepant 60 mg were effective interventions with fewer side effects.
Association Between Postoperative Methocarbamol and Postoperative Pain Opioid Dose Requirements
Authors: Komatsu Ryu , Singleton Michael D. , Wu Jiang , Dinges Emily M. , Bollag Laurent A. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
We tested the hypothesis that patients who received methocarbamol postoperatively experience less severe pain and require smaller doses of opioids than those who did not receive methocarbamol.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing surgery involving the musculoskeletal system. Of 9089 patients, 704 received methocarbamol during 48 hours postoperatively, while 8385 did not receive methocarbamol. The patients who received methocarbamol postoperatively and the patients who did not receive methocarbamol were compared on the time-weighted average (TWA) pain score and opioid dose requirements in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) during the first 48 hours postoperatively, using propensity score-weighted regression models to adjusting for preoperative and intraoperative covariates.

Results:
Postoperative 48-hour TWA pain scores were 5.5±1.7 (mean±SD), and 4.3±2.1 for methocarbamol and non-methocarbamol patients. Postoperative 48-hour opioid dose requirements in MME were 276 [170–347] (median [interquartile range (IQR)]) mg, and 190 [60–248] mg for methocarbamol and non-methocarbamol patients. In propensity score-weighted regression models, receiving methocarbamol postoperatively was associated with 0.97-point higher postoperative TWA pain score (95% CI, 0.83–1.11; P<0.001), and 93.6-MME higher postoperative opioid dose requirements (95% CI, 79.9 to 107.4; P<0.001), compared with not receiving methocarbamol postoperatively.

Discussion:
Postoperative methocarbamol was associated with significantly higher acute postoperative pain burden and opioid dose requirements. Although the results of the study are influenced by residual confounding, they suggest a limited—if any—benefit of methocarbamol as an adjunct of postoperative pain management.
Donor Endothelial Cell Density Not Changed Immediately After Ex Vivo Corneal Cross-Linking
Authors: De Arrigunaga Sofia , Benetz Beth Ann , Farazdaghi Sameera , Lass Jonathan H. , Zhao Yan , Zurakowski David , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of corneal cross-linking on central endothelial cell density (ECD) by comparing masked measurements before and immediately after preparation of cross-linked (CXL) and non–cross-linked (non-CXL) donor corneas.

Methods:
Thirty donor corneas were randomized 1:1 to either CXL or non-CXL using a modified Dresden protocol. Specular microscopic images of the central corneal endothelium were obtained within 36 hours of recovery and within 3 hours of preparation completion. Images were sent to a central cornea image analysis reading center for ECD determination in a masked, dual-graded manner.

Results:
Before and after preparation, the mean ECD was 2567 ± 305 cells/mm2 and 2525± 339 cells/mm2 for the CXL group (n =15) and 2652 ± 365 cells/mm2 and 2572 ± 513 cells/mm2 for the non-CXL group (n =15), respectively. The mean difference in ECD before and after preparation was not statistically significant for the CXL and non-CXL groups (P = 0.36; P = 0.31, respectively). In addition, an independent sample t test showed no statistically significant difference in the ECD change between the CXL and non-CXL groups (P = 0.67).

Conclusions:
Our specular microscopic findings show that ex vivo cross-linking of donor corneas does not seem to produce acute decrease of central endothelial cell density. These findings are encouraging and assist in warranting a clinical trial examining its value in reducing refractive errors and improving postoperative visual outcomes in eyes with keratoconus that undergo keratoplasty.
Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Infertile Women
Authors: Sangtani Ajleeta , Ismail Maryama , Weaver Amy , Khan Zaraq 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the relationship between ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and adverse outcomes using population-based data in the United States. The hypothesis is that patients with OHSS were more likely to deliver preterm and more likely to have hypertensive disorders.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study identified 94 patients with OHSS and 183 matched referents in eight counties in Minnesota. Data were collected regarding pregnancy history, infertility treatment, and pregnancy outcomes. Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, study subjects were identified from female patients, aged 18 to 49 years, who were diagnosed with infertility from January 2, 1995 to December 1, 2017, and had a pregnancy greater than 20 weeks' gestation. The primary outcome was preterm delivery or hypertensive disorder of pregnancy incidence in the OHSS group when compared with control patients. Chi-squared test, t test, and multivariate logistic models were used where appropriate.

Results
Patients with OHSS were more likely to deliver preterm (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.65; P < 0.01), and their neonates were more likely to be small for gestational age (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–14.19; P < 0.01). No significant differences between the groups were observed in any other outcome. Patients with OHSS are more likely to deliver preterm if they undergo fresh transfer compared with a freeze all and subsequent frozen transfer (odds ratio, 3.03, 95% confidence interval, 1.20–7.66, P = 0.02).

Conclusion
OHSS may lead to preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age neonates, which changes patient counseling and leads to arranging specialized obstetrical care for these patients with OHSS.
Early Complications after Prepectoral Tissue Expander Placement in Breast Reconstruction with and without Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Pires Giovanna , Marquez Jessica L. , Memmott Stanley , Sudduth Jack D. , Moss Whitney , Eddington Devin , Hobson Gregory , Tuncer Fatma , Agarwal Jayant P. , Kwok Alvin C. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Prepectoral breast reconstruction has become popularized with the concurrent use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The authors sought to compare 3-month postoperative complication rates and explantation rates for first-stage, tissue-expander–based, prepectoral breast reconstruction with and without the use of ADM.

Methods:
A single-institution retrospective chart review was performed to identify consecutive patients undergoing prepectoral tissue-expander–based breast reconstruction from August of 2020 to January of 2022. Chi-square tests were used to compare demographic categorical variables, and multiple variable regression models were used to identify variables associated with 3-month postoperative outcomes.

Results:
The authors enrolled 124 consecutive patients. Fifty-five patients (98 breasts) were included in the no-ADM cohort and 69 patients (98 breasts) were included in the ADM cohort. There were no statistically significant differences between the ADM and no-ADM cohorts with regard to 90-day postoperative outcomes. On multivariable analysis, there were no independent associations between seroma, hematoma, wound dehiscence, mastectomy skin flap necrosis, infection, unplanned return to the operating room, or explantation in the ADM and no-ADM groups after controlling for age, body mass index, history of diabetes, tobacco use, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and postoperative radiotherapy.

Conclusions:
The authors’ results reveal no significant differences in odds of postoperative complications, unplanned return to the operating room, or explantation between the ADM and no-ADM cohorts. More studies are needed to evaluate the safety of prepectoral, tissue expander placement without ADM.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Inclusion, diversity, access, and equity in antimicrobial stewardship: where we are and where we are headed
Authors: Cichon Catherine J. , Green Evangeline C. , Hilker Eric , Marcelin Jasmine R. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
This review summarizes existing data on health inequities in antimicrobial stewardship, identifies data gaps and barriers, and reflects on mitigating factors for achieving inclusion, diversity, access, and equity in antimicrobial stewardship.

Recent findings
Studies show variable antimicrobial prescribing patterns and adverse events according to race/ethnicity, rurality, socioeconomic status, and other factors. Most studies demonstrating these inequities typically do not address their upstream drivers or interventions to mitigate them.

Summary
Approaching antimicrobial stewardship through a lens of equity can allow antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) opportunities to reach a wider population, and in doing so reduce health inequities. These opportunities include expanding ASPs beyond highly resourced institutions, educational outreach efforts, equity monitoring tools, incentivized equity metrics, and leadership diversification. Clinical research in this area also needs to address drivers of inequities and innovative approaches to mitigating and reducing them.
Extending
Q
-learning to continuous and mixed strategy games based on spatial reciprocity
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Long , Liu Yang , Wang Zhen 
Published: June 2023

The discrete strategy game, in which agents can only choose cooperation or defection, has received lots of attention. However, this hypothesis seems implausible in the real world, where choices may be continuous or mixed. Furthermore, when applying

Q

-learning to continuous or mixed strategy games, one of the challenges is that the learning space grows drastically as the number of states and actions rises. So, in this article, we redesign the

Q

-learning method by considering the spatial reciprocity, in which agents simply interact with their four neighbours to get the reward and learn the action by taking neighbours’ strategy into account. As a result, the learning state and action space is transformed into a

5
×
5

table that stores the state and action of the focal agent and its four neighbours, avoiding the curse of dimensionality caused by a continuous or mixed strategy game. The numerical simulation results reveal the striking differences between the three classes of games. In detail, the discrete strategy game is more vulnerable to the setting of relevant parameters, whereas the other two strategy games are relatively stable. At the same time, in terms of promoting cooperation, a mixed strategy game is always better than a continuous one.
Geometric mechanics of ordered and disordered kirigami
Authors: Chaudhary G. , Niu L. , Han Q. , Lewicka M. , Mahadevan L. 
Published: June 2023

The presence of incomplete cuts in a thin planar sheet can dramatically alter its mechanical and geometrical response to loading, as the cuts allow the sheet to deform strongly in the third dimension, most beautifully demonstrated in kirigami art-forms. We use numerical experiments to characterize the geometric mechanics of kirigamized sheets as a function of the number, size and orientation of cuts. We show that the geometry of mechanically loaded sheets can be approximated as a composition of simple developable units: flats, cylinders, cones and compressed Elasticae. This geometric construction yields scaling laws for the mechanical response of the sheet in both the weak and strongly deformed limit. In the ultimately stretched limit, this further leads to a theorem on the nature and form of geodesics in an arbitrary kirigami pattern, consistent with observations and simulations. Finally, we show that by varying the shape and size of the geodesic in a kirigamized sheet, we can control the deployment trajectory of the sheet, and thence its functional properties as an exemplar of a tunable structure that can serve as a robotic gripper, a soft light window or the basis for a physically unclonable device. Overall our study of disordered kirigami sets the stage for controlling the shape and shielding the stresses in thin sheets using cuts.
Optogenetic stimulation of the locus coeruleus enhances appetitive extinction in rats
Authors: Lui Simon , Brink Ashleigh , Corbit Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtinction is a specific example of learning where a previously reinforced stimulus or response is no longer reinforced, and the previously learned behaviour is no longer necessary and must be modified. Current theories suggest extinction is not the erasure of the original learning but involves new learning that acts to suppress the original behaviour. Evidence for this can be found when the original behaviour recovers following the passage of time (spontaneous recovery), or reintroduction of the reinforcement (i.e., reinstatement). Recent studies have shown that pharmacological manipulation of noradrenaline (NA) or its receptors can influence appetitive extinction, however, the role and source of endogenous NA in these effects is unknown. Here, we examined the role of the locus coeruleus (LC) in appetitive extinction. Specifically, we tested whether optogenetic stimulation of LC neurons during extinction of a food-seeking behaviour would enhance extinction evidenced by reduced spontaneous recovery in future tests. LC stimulation during extinction trials did not change the rate of extinction but did serve to reduce subsequent spontaneous recovery suggesting that stimulation of the LC can augment reward-related extinction. Optogenetic inhibition of the LC during extinction trials reduced responding during the trials where it was applied, but no long-lasting changes in the retention of extinction were observed. Since not all LC cells expressed halorhodopisn, is possible that more complete LC inhibition or pathway-specific targeting would be more effective at suppressing extinction learning. These results provide further insight into the neural basis of appetitive extinction, and in particular the role of the LC. A deeper understanding of the physiological bases of extinction can aid development of more effective extinction-based therapies.
Alpha-band frequency and temporal windows in perception: A review and living meta-analysis of 27 experiments (and counting)
Authors: Samaha Jason , Romei Vincenzo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTemporal windows in perception refer to windows of time within which distinct stimuli interact to influence perception. A simple example is two temporally proximal stimuli fusing into a single percept. It has long been hypothesized that the human alpha rhythm (an 8-13 Hz neural oscillation maximal over posterior cortex) is linked to temporal windows, with higher frequencies corresponding to shorter windows and finer-grained temporal resolution. This hypothesis has garnered support from studies demonstrating a correlation between individual differences in alpha frequency (IAF) and behavioral measures of temporal processing. However, non-significant effects have also been reported. Here, we review and meta-analyze 27 experiments correlating IAF with measures of visual and audio-visual temporal processing. Our results estimate the true correlation in the population to be between 0.39 to 0.53, a medium-to-large effect. The effect held when considering visual or audio-visual experiments separately, when examining different IAF estimation protocols (i.e., eyes-open and eyes-closed), and when using analysis choices that favor a null result. Our review shows that 1) effects have been internally and independently replicated 2) several positive effects are based on larger sample sizes than the null effects and 3) many reported null effects are actually in the direction predicted by the hypothesis. A free interactive web-app was developed to allow users to replicate our meta-analysis and change or update the study selection at will, making this a “living” meta-analysis (https://randfxmeta.streamlit.app). We discuss possible factors underlying null reports, design recommendations, and open questions for future research
Communication between wolf and domestic dog revealed from experimental scent marking
Authors: Stępniak Kinga M. , Diserens Tom A. , Szewczyk Maciej , Mysłajek Robert W. , Kuijper Dries P.J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe European grey wolf (Canis lupus) and the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) share not only a common origin but also many similarities in their behavior. Due to the implementation of protection wolves repopulated large parts of Europe. The increase of wolves in human-dominated landscapes also leads to a growing potential for interactions between wolves and domestic dogs. However, these interactions between wolves and dogs are still poorly understood. Scent marking is one of the main forms of communication in canids, as is crucial for territorial marking, synchronization of reproduction, establishment of hierarchies in groups, and formation of new breeding pairs. We hypothesized that the presence of scent markings by domestic dogs in wolf territories elicits a behavioral response of wolves and therefore may interfere with natural wolf behavior. To test this, we experimentally scent-marked objects within known wolf home-ranges in the Kampinos National Park (Poland) to simulate the presence of “unknown dogs” (dog urine from outside the area) and water as a control. To test whether and how the behavioral response differs between domestic dogs and wolves we additionally created scent marks of “unknown wolves” (wolf urine from outside the area). By means of camera traps we studied the behavioral repones of local wolf families exposed simultaneously to all three scent stimuli. Our study showed that wolves (breeding pair) reacted to scent marking from “unknown dog” in 16% of cases, while an average juvenile reacted in 27% of cases. In 33% of cases, the breeding pair overmarked stimuli from an “unknown dog” and in 27% of cases mark them by ground scratching. Wolves spend significantly more time exploring and sniffing scent marks of “unknown wolves” than “unknown dogs”.Our result indicates that domestic dog scent marks trigger a behavioral response in wild wolves showing that it does affect their behavior. The longer time that wolves spend on responding to wolf scent marks compared to dog scent marks indicates they can distinguish between wolf and dog scent marks, but especially inexperienced juveniles spend much time exploring dog scent marks. This suggests that the increasing occurrence of dogs inside wolf territories could affect and potentially disturb the scent-marking behavior of wolves.