bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic stabilization of attenuated oral vaccines against poliovirus types 1 and 3
Authors: Yeh Ming Te , Smith Matthew , Carlyle Sarah , Konopka-Anstadt Jennifer L. , Burns Cara C. , Konz John , Andino Raul , Macadam Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVaccination with Sabin, a live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), results in robust intestinal and humoral immunity and has been key to controlling poliomyelitis. As with any RNA virus, OPV evolves rapidly to lose attenuating determinants critical to the reacquisition of virulence1–3 resulting in vaccine-derived, virulent poliovirus variants. Circulation of these variants within underimmunized populations leads to further evolution of circulating, vaccine-derived poliovirus with higher transmission capacity, representing a significant risk of polio re-emergence. A new type 2 OPV (nOPV2), with promising clinical data on genetic stability and immunogenicity, recently received authorization from the World Health Organization for use in response to circulating, vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks. Here we report the development of two additional live attenuated vaccine candidates against type 1 and 3 polioviruses. The candidates were generated by replacing the capsid coding region of nOPV2 with that from Sabin 1 or 3. These chimeric viruses show growth phenotypes similar to nOPV2 and immunogenicity comparable to their parental Sabin strains, but are more attenuated. Our experiments in mice and deep sequencing analysis confirmed that the candidates remain attenuated and preserve all the documented nOPV2 characteristics concerning genetic stability following accelerated virus evolution. Importantly, these vaccine candidates are highly immunogenic in mice as monovalent and multivalent formulations and may contribute to poliovirus eradication.
A physiological signal database of children with different special needs for stress recognition
Authors: Coşkun Buket , Ay Sevket , Erol Barkana Duygun , Bostanci Hilal , Uzun İsmail , Oktay Ayse Betul , Tuncel Basak , Tarakci Devrim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study presents a new dataset AKTIVES for evaluating the methods for stress detection and game reaction using physiological signals. We collected data from 25 children with obstetric brachial plexus injury, dyslexia, and intellectual disabilities, and typically developed children during game therapy. A wristband was used to record physiological data (blood volume pulse (BVP), electrodermal activity (EDA), and skin temperature (ST)). Furthermore, the facial expressions of children were recorded. Three experts watched the children’s videos, and physiological data is labeled “Stress/No Stress” and “Reaction/No Reaction”, according to the videos. The technical validation supported high-quality signals and showed consistency between the experts.
The role of superficial and deep layers in the generation of high frequency oscillations and interictal epileptiform discharges in the human cortex
Authors: Fabo Daniel , Bokodi Virag , Szabó Johanna-Petra , Tóth Emilia , Salami Pariya , Keller Corey J. , Hajnal Boglárka , Thesen Thomas , Devinsky Orrin , Doyle Werner , Mehta Ashesh , Madsen Joseph , Eskandar Emad , Erőss Lorand , Ulbert István , Halgren Eric , Cash Sydney S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDescribing intracortical laminar organization of interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) and high frequency oscillations (HFOs), also known as ripples. Defining the frequency limits of slow and fast ripples. We recorded potential gradients with laminar multielectrode arrays (LME) for current source density (CSD) and multi-unit activity (MUA) analysis of interictal epileptiform discharges IEDs and HFOs in the neocortex and mesial temporal lobe of focal epilepsy patients. IEDs were observed in 20/29, while ripples only in 9/29 patients. Ripples were all detected within the seizure onset zone (SOZ). Compared to hippocampal HFOs, neocortical ripples proved to be longer, lower in frequency and amplitude, and presented non-uniform cycles. A subset of ripples (≈ 50%) co-occurred with IEDs, while IEDs were shown to contain variable high-frequency activity, even below HFO detection threshold. The limit between slow and fast ripples was defined at 150 Hz, while IEDs’ high frequency components form clusters separated at 185 Hz. CSD analysis of IEDs and ripples revealed an alternating sink-source pair in the supragranular cortical layers, although fast ripple CSD appeared lower and engaged a wider cortical domain than slow ripples MUA analysis suggested a possible role of infragranularly located neural populations in ripple and IED generation. Laminar distribution of peak frequencies derived from HFOs and IEDs, respectively, showed that supragranular layers were dominated by slower (< 150 Hz) components. Our findings suggest that cortical slow ripples are generated primarily in upper layers while fast ripples and associated MUA in deeper layers. The dissociation of macro- and microdomains suggests that microelectrode recordings may be more selective for SOZ-linked ripples. We found a complex interplay between neural activity in the neocortical laminae during ripple and IED formation. We observed a potential leading role of cortical neurons in deeper layers, suggesting a refined utilization of LMEs in SOZ localization.
Reduced vmPFC-insula functional connectivity in generalized anxiety disorder: a Bayesian confirmation study
Authors: Steinhäuser Jonas L. , Teed Adam R. , Al-Zoubi Obada , Hurlemann René , Chen Gang , Khalsa Sahib S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferences in the correlated activity of networked brain regions have been reported in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) but an overreliance on null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) limits the identification of disorder-relevant relationships. In this preregistered study, we applied both a Bayesian statistical framework and NHST to the analysis of resting-state fMRI scans from females with GAD and matched healthy comparison females. Eleven a-priori hypotheses about functional connectivity (FC) were evaluated using Bayesian (multilevel model) and frequentist (t-test) inference. Reduced FC between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the posterior-mid insula (PMI) was confirmed by both statistical approaches and was associated with anxiety sensitivity. FC between the vmPFC-anterior insula, the amygdala-PMI, and the amygdala-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) region pairs did not survive multiple comparison correction using the frequentist approach. However, the Bayesian model provided evidence for these region pairs having decreased FC in the GAD group. Leveraging Bayesian modeling, we demonstrate decreased FC of the vmPFC, insula, amygdala, and dlPFC in females with GAD. Exploiting the Bayesian framework revealed FC abnormalities between region pairs excluded by the frequentist analysis and other previously undescribed regions in GAD, demonstrating the value of applying this approach to resting-state FC data in clinical investigations.
Iron nanoparticle regulate succinate dehydrogenase activity in canola plants under drought stress
Authors: Rezayian Maryam , Niknam Vahid , Arabloo Maryam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApplication of nutrients as nanoparticle (NP) is an operative manner of nutrient supply for plants, especially under stress conditions. The present study was designed to highlight the role of iron NP on drought tolerance and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in drought-stressed canola plants. Drought stress was imposed by polyethylene glycol different concentrations (0, 10 and 15% (W/V)) with or without iron NP (1.5 and 3 mg/l). A comparative study of several physiological and biochemical parameters have been carried out in canola plants treated by drought and iron NP. Stressed-canola plants showed a reduction in growth parameters, whereas iron NP mostly stimulated growth of stressed plants, which was accompanied by reinforcement in defense mechanisms. Regarding impacts on compatible osmolytes, the data revealed that iron NP was able to regulate osmotic potential by increasing protein, proline and soluble sugar contents. The iron NP application was activated the enzymatic defense system (catalase and polyphenol oxidase) and promoted the non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenol, flavonol and flavonoid). Both of these adaptive responses declined free radicals as well as lipid peroxidation and enhanced the membrane stability and drought tolerance of the plants. Enhanced chlorophyll accumulation via induction of protoporphyrin, magnesium protoporphyrin and protochlorophyllide, by iron NP also contributed towards better stress tolerance. Enzymes of Krebs cycle, namely succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase, were induced by iron NP in canola plants grown under drought stress. These results propose a multifaceted involvement of iron NP, through regulation of activity of respiratory enzymes and antioxidant enzymes, production of reactive oxygen species, osmoregulation and secondary metabolites metabolism, in response to drought stress.
Simultaneous reduction of all ORMDL proteins decreases the threshold of mast cell activation
Authors: Demkova Livia , Bugajev Viktor , Utekal Pavol , Kuchar Ladislav , Schuster Björn , Draber Petr , Halova Ivana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn mammals, the ORMDL family of evolutionarily conserved sphingolipid regulators consists of three highly homologous members, ORMDL1, ORMDL2 and ORMDL3. ORMDL3 gene has been associated with childhood-onset asthma and other inflammatory diseases in which mast cells play an important role. We previously described increased IgE-mediated activation of mast cells with simultaneous deletions of ORMDL2 and ORMDL3 proteins. In this study, we prepared mice with Ormdl1 knockout and thereafter, produced primary mast cells with reduced expression of one, two or all three ORMDL proteins. The lone deletion of ORMDL1, or in combination with ORMDL2, had no effect on sphingolipid metabolism nor IgE-antigen dependent responses in mast cells. Double ORMDL1 and ORMDL3 knockout mast cells displayed enhanced IgE-mediated calcium responses and cytokine production. Silencing of ORMDL3 in mast cells after maturation increased their sensitivity to antigen. Mast cells with reduced levels of all three ORMDL proteins demonstrated pro-inflammatory responses even in the absence of antigen activation. Overall, our results show that reduced levels of ORMDL proteins shift mast cells towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which is predominantly dependent on the levels of ORMDL3 expression.
Structural and functional analysis of a plant nucleolar RNA chaperone-like protein
Authors: Fernandes Rita , Ostendorp Anna , Ostendorp Steffen , Mehrmann Judith , Falke Sven , Graewert Melissa Ann , Weingartner Magdalena , Kehr Julia , Hoth Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRibosome biogenesis is a key process in all eukaryotic cells that requires hundreds of ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs), which are essential to build the mature ribosomes consisting of proteins and rRNAs. The processing of the required rRNAs has been studied extensively in yeast and mammals, but in plants much is still unknown. In this study, we focused on a RBF from A. thaliana that we named NUCLEOLAR RNA CHAPERONE-LIKE 1 (NURC1). NURC1 was localized in the nucleolus of plant cell nuclei, and other plant RBF candidates shared the same localization. SEC-SAXS experiments revealed that NURC1 has an elongated and flexible structure. In addition, SEC-MALLS experiments confirmed that NURC1 was present in its monomeric form with a molecular weight of around 28 kDa. RNA binding was assessed by performing microscale thermophoresis with the Arabidopsis internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the polycistronic pre-rRNA precursor, which contains the 5.8S, 18S, and 25S rRNA. NURC1 showed binding activity to the ITS2 with a dissociation constant of 228 nM and exhibited RNA chaperone-like activity. Our data suggested that NURC1 may have a function in pre-rRNA processing and thus ribosome biogenesis.
Mitochondrial complex III activity: from invasive muscle biopsies to patient-friendly buccal swab analysis
Authors: Somers Tim , Allard Neeltje A. E. , Siddiqi Sailay , Janssen Margit C. M. , Hopman Maria T. E. , Morshuis Wim J. , Russel Frans G. M. , Timmers Silvie , Schirris Tom J. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDrug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is a common adverse effect, particularly in case of statins—the most prescribed drugs worldwide. These drugs have been shown to inhibit complex III (CIII) of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process, which is related to muscle pain. As muscle pain is the most common complaint of statin users, it is crucial to distinguish it from other causes of myalgia to prevent unnecessary cessation of drug therapy. However, diagnosing CIII inhibition currently requires muscle biopsies, which are invasive and not practical for routine testing. Less invasive alternatives for measurement of mitochondrial complex activities are only available yet for complex I and IV. Here, we describe a non-invasive spectrophotometric method to determine CIII catalytic activities using buccal swabs, which we validated in a cohort of statin and non-statin users. Our data indicate that CIII can be reliably measured in buccal swabs, as evidenced by reproducible results above the detection limit. Further validation on a large-scale clinical setting is recommended.
Design optimization and experiment of corn U-shaped fertilization device
Authors: Zuo Zheng , Zhao Jianguo , Yin Baozhong , Li Lixia , Jia Hetong , Zhang Baochuan , Ma Zhikai , Hao Jianjun , Wang Zhenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAiming at the problems of low utilization rate of corn fertilizer, low precision of fertilization ratio, and time-consuming and laborious topdressing in the later stage, an U-shaped fertilization device with uniform fertilizer mechanism was designed. The device was mainly composed of uniform fertilizer mixing mechanism, fertilizer guide plate and fertilization plate. Compound fertilizer was applied on both sides and slow/controlled release fertilizer was applied at the bottom to form an U-shaped distribution of fertilizer around corn seeds. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the structural parameters of the fertilization device were determined. Through the simulated soil tank test, the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was carried out on the main factors affecting the spatial stratification effect of fertilizer. The optimal parameters were obtained as follows: the stirring speed of the stirring structure was 300 r/min, the bending angle of the fertilization tube was 165°, and the operating speed of the fertilization device was 3 km/h. The results of bench verification test showed that under the optimized stirring speed and bending angle, the fertilizer particles were stirred evenly, and the average values of fertilizer flowing out of the fertilization tubes on both sides were 299.5 g and 297.4 g, respectively. The average fertilizer amounts of the three fertilizer outlets were 200.4 g, 203.2 g and 197.7 g, respectively, which met the agronomic requirements of 1:1:1 fertilization, and the variation coefficients of fertilizer amounts on both sides of the fertilizer pipe and each layer were less than 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. The simulation results of the optimized U-shaped fertilization device can achieve the expected U-shaped fertilization effect around corn seeds. The results of field experiment showed that the U-shaped fertilization device could realize the U-shaped proportional application of fertilizer in soil. The distance between the upper end of fertilization on both sides and the distance between the base fertilizer and the surface were 87.3–95.2 mm and 197.8–206.0 mm, respectively. The transverse distance between the fertilizers on both sides was 84.3–99.4 mm, and the error with the designed theoretical fertilization was within 10 mm. Compared with the traditional side fertilization method, the number of corn roots increased by 5–6, the root length increased by 30–40 mm, and the yield increased by 9.9–14.8%.
Resonant plasmonic detection of terahertz radiation in field-effect transistors with the graphene channel and the black-As$$_x$$P$$_{1-x}$$ gate layer
Authors: Ryzhii V. , Tang C. , Otsuji T. , Ryzhii M. , Mitin V. , Shur M. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose the terahertz (THz) detectors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) with the graphene channel (GC) and the black-Arsenic (b-As) black-Phosphorus (b-P), or black-Arsenic-Phosphorus (b-As$$_x$$

x

P$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

) gate barrier layer. The operation of the GC-FET detectors is associated with the carrier heating in the GC by the THz electric field resonantly excited by incoming radiation leading to an increase in the rectified current between the channel and the gate over the b-As$$_x$$

x

P$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

energy barrier layer (BLs). The specific feature of the GC-FETs under consideration is relatively low energy BLs and the possibility to optimize the device characteristics by choosing the barriers containing a necessary number of the b-As$$_x$$

x

P$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

atomic layers and a proper gate voltage. The excitation of the plasma oscillations in the GC-FETs leads to the resonant reinforcement of the carrier heating and the enhancement of the detector responsivity. The room temperature responsivity can exceed the values of $$10^3$$

10
3

A/W. The speed of the GC-FET detector’s response to the modulated THz radiation is determined by the processes of carrier heating. As shown, the modulation frequency can be in the range of several GHz at room temperatures.
Diverse types of coupling trends in urban tree and nontree vegetation associated with urbanization levels
Authors: Leng Song , Sun Ranhao , Yang Xiaojun , Jin Mingxin , Chen Liding 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCities are increasingly recognizing the benefits of incorporating urban greening strategies into their planning and design to improve sustainability and livability. However, the specific contribution of tree versus nontree vegetation has not been adequately studied in the context of urban greening and rapid urbanization. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of urban tree and nontree coverage in China during 2000–2020 by using satellite observations. Results show the nationwide mean urban tree coverage increased by 0.073 ± 0.511% per year (mean ± 1 standard deviation), while nontree vegetation coverage decreased by 0.584 ± 1.022% per year. We found that the majority of mega- and large cities had a contrasting vegetation pattern, with significantly ascending trends in both tree and nontree coverages in urban core areas but descending trends in peri-urban areas. These trends were positively associated with multiple greenness indices, suggesting the importance of the vegetation structure for growth and productivity in urban areas. This study highlights the predominance of enhancing vegetation growth in urban areas primarily driven by significantly increasing tree cover in China, and can further serve as a reference for global vegetation study.
Anhydrous copper tellurite disulfate Cu3TeO3(SO4)2 featuring the coexistence of spin singlets and a long-range antiferromagnetic order
Authors: Murtazoev Alisher F. , Berdonosov Peter S. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Dolgikh Valery A. , Pchelkina Zlata V. , Zakharov Konstantin V. , Geidorf Michael Y. , Vasilchikova Tatyana M. , Volkova Olga S. , Vasiliev Alexander N. 
Published: June 2023

Cu3TeO3(SO4)2 features the coexistence of spin singlets and a long-range Néel order. An anomaly in its dielectric permittivity, which accompanies the magnetic order, allows considering it as a magnetoelectric multiferroic material of the second type.
Fungal siderophore metabolism with a focus on Aspergillus fumigatus: impact on biotic interactions and potential translational applications
Authors: Happacher Isidor , Aguiar Mario , Yap Annie , Decristoforo Clemens , Haas Hubertus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element that is limiting in most habitats including hosts for fungal pathogens. Siderophores are iron-chelators synthesized by most fungal species for high-affinity uptake and intracellular handling of iron. Moreover, virtually all fungal species including those lacking siderophore biosynthesis appear to be able to utilize siderophores produced by other species. Siderophore biosynthesis has been shown to be crucial for virulence of several fungal pathogens infecting animals and plants revealing induction of this iron acquisition system during virulence, which offers translational potential of this fungal-specific system. The present article summarizes the current knowledge on the fungal siderophore system with a focus on Aspergillus fumigatus and its potential translational application including noninvasive diagnosis of fungal infections via urine samples, imaging of fungal infections via labeling of siderophores with radionuclides such as Gallium-68 for detection with positron emission tomography, conjugation of siderophores with fluorescent probes, and development of novel antifungal strategies.
PENELLOPE
Authors: Gangi M. , Nisini B. , Manara C. F. , France K. , Antoniucci S. , Biazzo K. , Giannini T. , Herczeg G. J. , Alcalá J. M. , Frasca A. , Maucó K. , Campbell-White J. , Siwak M. , Venuti L. , Schneider P. C. , Kóspál Á. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Fiorellino E. , Rigliaco E. , Yadav R. K. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Observing the spatial distribution and excitation processes of atomic and molecular gas in the inner regions (<20 au) of young (<10 Myr) protoplanetary disks helps us to understand the conditions for the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Aims. In the framework of the PENELLOPE and ULLYSES projects, we aim to characterize the atomic and molecular component of protoplanetary disks in a sample of 11 classical T Tauri stars of the Orion OB1 and σ-Orionis associations.
Methods. We analyzed the flux-calibrated optical forbidden lines and the fluorescent ultraviolet H2 progressions using spectra acquired with ESPRESSO at VLT, UVES at VLT, and HST-COS. Line morphologies were characterized through Gaussian decomposition. We then focused on the properties of the narrow low-velocity (full width half maximum <40 km s−1 and |υp| < 30 km s−1) component (NLVC) of the [O I] 630 nm line and compared them with those of the UV-H2 lines.
Results. We found that the [O I]630 NLVC and the UV-H2 lines are strongly correlated in terms of peak velocities, full width at half maximum values, and luminosity. Assuming that the line width is dominated by Keplerian broadening, the [O I]630 NLVC originates from a disk region between 0.5 and 3.5 au, while that of UV-H2 originates in a region from 0.05 to 1 au. The luminosities of [O I]630 NLVC and UV-H2 correlate with an accretion luminosity with a similar slope, as well as with the luminosity of the C IV154.8, 155 nm doublet. We discuss such correlations in the framework of the currently suggested excitation processes for the [O I]630 NLVC.
Conclusions. Our results can be interpreted in a scenario in which the [O I]630 NLVC and UV-H2 have a common disk origin with a partially overlapped radial extension. We also suggest that the excitation of the [O I] NLVC is mainly induced by stellar far-ultraviolet continuum photons, than being of mostly thermal origin. This study demonstrates the potential of contemporaneous wide-band highresolution spectroscopy in linking different tracers of protoplanetary disks.