bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Free Flap Outcomes in Maxillectomy Defects from Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Rao Shilpa M. , Knott P. Daniel , Sweeny Larissa , Domack Aaron , Tang Alice , Patel Rusha , Pittman Amy L. , Gardner J. Reed , Moreno Mauricio A. , Sunde Jumin , Cave Taylor B. , Knight Nicolaus D. , Greene Ben , Pipkorn Patrik , Joshi Arjun S. , Thakkar Punam , Ji Keven , Yang Sara , Chang Brent A. , Wax Mark K. , Thomas Carissa M. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesMicrovascular free tissue transfer is routinely used for reconstructing midface defects in patients with malignancy, however, studies regarding reconstructive outcomes in invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) are lacking. We aim to describe outcomes of free flap reconstruction for IFS defects, determine the optimal time to perform reconstruction, and if anti‐fungal medications or other risk factors of an immunocompromised patient population affect reconstructive outcomes.MethodsRetrospective review of reconstruction for IFS (2010–2022). Age, BMI, hemoglobin A1c, number of surgical debridements, and interval from the last debridement to reconstruction were compared between patients with delayed wound healing versus those without. Predictor variables for delayed wound healing and the effect of time on free flap reconstruction were analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients underwent free flap reconstruction for IFS. Three patients were immunocompromised from leukemia and 21 had diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients underwent an average of four surgical debridements for treatment of IFS. The interval from the last IFS debridement to flap reconstruction was 5.58 months (±5.5). Seven flaps (25.9%) had delayed wound healing. A shorter interval of less than 2 months between the last debridement for IFS and reconstructive free flap procedure was associated with delayed wound healing (Fisher Exact Test p = 0.0062). Other factors including DM, BMI, HgA1c, and bone reconstruction were not associated with delayed wound healing.ConclusionPatients with maxillectomy defects from IFS can undergo microvascular‐free flap reconstruction with good outcomes while on anti‐fungal medication. Early reconstruction in the first 2 months after the last IFS debridement is associated with delayed wound healing.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1642–1647, 2024
Observation of Dual‐Polarization Topological Photonic States at Optical Frequencies
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Wang Yue , Niu Jiebin , Wang Chong , Liu Tao , Shi Lina , Zhang Yongliang , Xia Yang , Chang Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTopological protection in photonics offers new prospects for confining and guiding light waves. Up to now, most reported works on topological photonics have focused on the realization of topological phases originally found in condensed matter systems. However, photonic systems can possess a distinguishing topology that differs from their quantum electronic counterparts due to the vectorial nature of light. Here, dual‐polarization topological photonic states are theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated at optical frequencies on the all‐dielectric silicon‐on‐insulator platform. The topological band gaps opening at valleys for both TE‐ and TM‐polarizations in the properly designed breathing Kagome photonic crystal slabs are demonstrated, leading to dual‐polarization topological edge states below the light cone. The topological edge states are directly observed by imagining the near fields with scattering scanning near‐field microscopy. In addition, the significant improvement of the quality factor of topological states via engineering the transition near the boundary along with the robustness of edge states is presented. The proposed dual‐polarization topological states and the improvement of quality factor via boundary profile engineering paves the way toward novel applications of topological photonics for realizing integrated polarization‐dependent applications such as polarization multiplexing photonic devices and on‐chip chiral quantum optics.
Magnetic Susceptibility in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Variants, Parkinson's Disease, and Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Satoh Ryota , Weigand Stephen D. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Ali Farwa , Arani Arvin , Senjem Matthew L. , Jack Clifford R. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that magnetic susceptibility is increased in several subcortical regions in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, it is still unclear how subcortical and cortical susceptibilities vary across different PSP variants, Parkinson's disease (PD), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS).ObjectiveThis study aims to clarify the susceptibility profiles in the subcortical and cortical regions in different PSP variants, PD, and CBS.MethodsSixty‐four patients, 20 PSP‐Richardson syndrome (PSP‐RS), 9 PSP‐parkinsonism (PSP‐P), 7 PSP‐progressive gait freezing, 4 PSP‐postural instability, 11 PD, and 13 CBS, and 20 cognitively normal control subjects underwent a 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scan to reconstruct quantitative susceptibility maps. Region‐of‐interest analysis was performed to obtain susceptibility in several subcortical and cortical regions. Bayesian linear mixed effect models were used to estimate susceptibility within group and differences between groups.ResultsIn the subcortical regions, patients with PSP‐RS and PSP‐P showed greater susceptibility than control subjects in the pallidum, substantia nigra, red nucleus, and cerebellar dentate (P < 0.05). Patients with PSP‐RS also showed greater susceptibility than patients with PSP‐progressive gait freezing, PD, and CBS in the red nucleus and cerebellar dentate, and patients with PSP‐P showed greater susceptibility than PD in the red nucleus. Patients with PSP‐postural instability and CBS showed greater susceptibility than control subjects in the pallidum and substantia nigra. No significant differences were observed in any cortical region.ConclusionsThe PSP variants and CBS had different patterns of magnetic susceptibility in the subcortical regions. The findings will contribute to our understanding about iron profiles and pathophysiology of PSP and may provide a potential biomarker to differentiate PSP variants, PD, and CBS. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Effects of Alginic Acid on the Porcine Granulosa Cells and Maturation of Porcine Oocytes
Authors: Wang Jinjie , Li Yankun , Yuan Huan , Shi Shengjie , Zhang Lutong , Yang Gongshe , Pang Weijun , Gao Lei , Cai Chuanjiang , Chu Guiyan 
Published: September 2023

ScopeAlginic acid (AA) from brown algae is a marine organic compound. There is extensive use of AA in the food industry and healthcare, suggesting a high probability of AA exposure. The present study investigates the effects of AA on porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes to explore its mechanism in female reproduction because of its adverse effects on reproduction.Methods and resultsThe study adds 20 µM AA to the porcine primary ovarian GCs medium and porcine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) medium. Estrogen and progesterone levels are downregulated in GCs. Reactive oxygen species are excessive, and the antioxidant capacity declines. Then mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis pathway is involved in GCs apoptosis. In addition, scores of autophagosomes are found in the experimental cells. Furthermore, AA significantly inhibits the proliferation of GCs around cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) accompanied by abnormal spindle assembly, chromosome arrangement disorder, and aberrant cortical granules distribution in oocytes, leading to a decreased oocyte maturation rate.ConclusionThese findings suggest that 20 µM AA is toxic to sow reproduction by interfering with estrogen production, oxidative stress, mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis, autophagy in GCs of sows, and oocyte maturation.
Effects of exercise prehabilitation on muscle atrophy and contractile properties in hindlimb‐unloaded rats
Authors: Yeo Hyo‐Seong , Lim Jae‐Young 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsEffective strategies for rapid recovery after surgery are needed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise prehabilitation (EP) and hindlimb unloading (HU) on muscle loss and contractility.MethodsTwenty‐two Sprague–Dawley rats (12 wk old) were divided into normal control (NCON, n = 5), hindlimb unloading control (HCON, n = 10), and exercise prehabilitation followed by hindlimb unloading (Ex‐preH, n = 7) groups. Ex‐PreH performed exercise training for 14 days before hindlimb unloading for 14 days. Body composition was evaluated, along with muscle strength and function. The soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle contractile properties were analyzed at the whole‐muscle level. The titin concentration and myosin heavy chain (MHC) type composition were analyzed.ResultsThere were no effects of Ex‐preH on total mass, lean mass, or muscle weight. Physical function was significantly higher in the Ex‐preH group than in the HCON group (39.5° vs. 35.7°). The SOL twitch force (19.6 vs. 7.1 mN/m2) and specific force (107.3 vs. 61.2 mN/m2) were greater in Ex‐preH group than in HCON group. EDL shortening velocity was higher in Ex‐preH group than in HCON group (13.2 vs. 5.0 FL/s). The SOL full‐length titin level was higher in Ex‐preH group than in HCON group.DiscussionExercise prehabilitation did not prevent muscle mass loss followed by muscle wasting, although it minimized the reduction of physical function. Therefore, exercise prehabilitation should be considered for rapid functional recovery after disuse due to surgery and injuries.
Hochschuldidaktik: Absorption und Polymerisation mit Methylenblau
Authors: Wagler Paula , Scheible Jonas , Habekost Achim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMethylenblau ist ein Farbstoff, ein Medikament und ein Nachweisreagenz. Außerdem eignet es sich für elektrochemische Versuche im Chemiestudium.
Sprachmodell bei Journalartikeln: KI liest nicht zwischen den Zeilen
Authors: Blicker Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMit Sprachmodellen wie ChatGPT lassen sich Wissenschaftsartikel zusammenfassen. Es kennt aber Gepflogenheiten und Hintergrundwissen von Forscher:innen nicht. Die Folge: Es erzählt Oberflächliches und Unwichtiges, versteht manche Inhalte falsch und produziert so Fehler.
Modifiable statin characteristics associated with potentialstatin‐relatedprescribing cascades
Authors: Wang Grace Hsin‐Min , Morris Earl , Vouri Scott M. , Keshwani Shailina , Schmidt Stephan , Pepine Carl J. , Smith Steven M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveClinicians may prescribe new medications (marker drug) to treat statin‐related (index drug) adverse events, constituting a prescribing cascade. We aimed to identify modifiable statin characteristics (intensity and individual statin agents) associated with lower risk of prescribing cascades to inform clinical decisions in the presence of statin‐related adverse events.DesignA secondary analysis based on our previous work, a high‐throughput sequence symmetry analysis screening for potential statin‐related prescribing cascades.Data SourceMarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Insurance claims databases between 2005 and 2019.PatientsAdults who initiated a statin between 2007 and 2018, and who were continuously enrolled in the same healthcare plan for at least 720 days before and 360 days after statin initiation.InterventionAmong the previously identified 57 potential prescribing cascades, 42 statin‐marker class dyad with a sample size of ≥ 500 were assessed in this study.MeasurementsWe measured patients’ baseline characteristics within −360 days of statin initiation and reported by modifiable statin characteristics. We also performed logistic regression and reported the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of modifiable statin characteristics after adjusting for baseline characteristics.Main ResultsWe identified 1,307,867 statin initiators who met the study criteria (21% elderly, 52% female). Compared with patients initiating low‐intensity statins, those initiating moderate‐ or high‐intensity statins had significantly greater odds to develop 29 (69%) prescribing cascades, including antidiabetic drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors (aOR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.35) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogs (aOR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16–1.47), and opioids (aOR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13–1.23). Individual statin agent selection also had a differential effect on 34 (81%) of the prescribing cascades. For example, compared with simvastatin initiators, the probability of initiating osmotically acting laxatives was significantly higher for lovastatin initiators (aOR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03–1.15) and significantly lower in atorvastatin initiators (aOR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89–0.94).ConclusionCompared with low‐intensity statins, high‐intensity statins are associated with increased risk in many potential prescribing cascades, while the choice of individual statin agents affects the risk of prescribing cascades bidirectionally.
Registration of HA‐DM15 and HA‐DM16 oilseed sunflower germplasms with resistance to sunflower downy mildew
Authors: Qi L. L. , Seiler G. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus L.) production ranked third in global oilseed production in 2021. Downy mildew (DM), caused by the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni, is a major constraint for worldwide sunflower production, causing significant yield losses in susceptible hybrids. The search for new sources of resistance to DM is the primary objective of all sunflower breeding programs. Germplasms HA‐DM15 (Reg. no. GP‐385, PI 702359) and HA‐DM16 (Reg. no. GP‐386, PI 702360) were developed by introgressing two new DM resistance genes, Pl37 and Pl38, from the wild sunflower species H. annuus and H. praecox into oilseed sunflower, respectively. The BC1F3‐derived HA‐DM15 harboring the Pl37 gene was selected from the cross of HA 89//NMS HA 89/wild H. annuus PI 435417. The germplasm line HA‐DM16 carrying the Pl38 gene is an improved oilseed derivative of Rf PRA‐417 with DM resistance originally derived from the wild H. praecox PRA‐417 from the cross of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) HA89*2/wild H. praecox PRA‐417. HA‐DM15/Pl37 and HA‐DM16/Pl38 are immue to the most predominant and virulent DM races idenfied in North America and Europe. Pl37 and Pl38 have been genetically mapped to sunflower chromosomes 4 and 2, respectively, with single nucleotide polymorphism markers linked to the both genes facilitating their transfer to elite sunflower lines by marker‐assisted selection, providing new and diverse sources for sunflower DM‐resistance breeding.
Water insoluble polymeric materials with well‐oriented structures prepared by ice‐templating: A mini‐review
Authors: Ren Yao , He Lirong , Xia Hesheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWater insoluble polymeric materials with well‐oriented structures have attracted great attention in the area of membrane science, biological tissues, and organs, electromagnetic interference shielding device as well as piezoelectric/piezoresistive sensors due to its unique and essential functions originating from the anisotropic structures. Ice‐templating is a facile method to prepare directional porous materials with regulable pore size and cell thickness which is only applicable to aqueous systems. Derived from this methodology, crystallizable solvent templating methods have been utilized to architect water insoluble polymeric materials with anisotropic pores. This review is aimed to elaborate the fundamental principles of the critical factors that influence the physics involved in directional freezing of the particulate non‐aqueous systems. Solvent templates with low melting point and high melting point are discussed, which both allow the easy removal of crystallizable templates while keeping the aligned channels within the polymeric matrix intact. Last but not least, cryo‐polymerization and removal of water‐soluble polymers to obtain special forms of water‐insoluble polymer‐oriented pore materials are also included. This review provides prompt advancement and valuable information about the preparation and application of water insoluble polymeric materials with oriented structures using ice‐templating.
Phosphorus addition predominantly influences the soil fungal community and functional guilds in a subtropical mountain forest
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Quan‐Cheng , Jin Sheng‐Sheng , Lin Yongxin , He Ji‐Zheng , Zheng Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionFungal communities are key players in the soil biogeochemical processes of forest ecosystems. Although it has been illustrated that soil fungi are susceptible to environmental changes, little is known about the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment on the soil fungal functional guild.Materials and MethodsHere, a 5‐year N and P addition manipulation experiment was conducted in two growing stages (i.e., tree ages <40 and >80 years) of a subtropical forest, in which soil fungal diversity and functional guilds were investigated using a multiple‐time sampling strategy.ResultsFungal species richness and Shannon indices were significantly different across sampling times. Fungal community composition was significantly affected by both N and P addition but not by forest age. Old forest had a higher fungal network complexity than young forest, and fertilisation decreased soil fungal network complexity and generated looser and more random networks in comparison with the control. The community composition of symbiotrophic and saprotrophic fungi was significantly impacted by N and P addition and correlated with soil available P and total P contents and soil C:P and N:P.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that soil P availability has a strong effect on soil fungal communities and their functional guild composition in the subtropical forest.
Von der Macht des Alltags zu den Sinnbildern in politikdidaktischen Konzeptionen
Authors: Hammermeister Juliane 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die Schulkritik zu einem konstituierenden Element der deutschen Bildungskultur entwickelt. Nahezu jede empirische Studie zur Bildungsrealität in Deutschland zeigt desolate Schulverhältnisse. Dies gilt nicht erst seit PISA, wenn auch seither medienwirksam darauf aufmerksam gemacht wird.
Methodische Umsetzung
Authors: Schindler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden wird das methodische Vorgehen zur Beantwortung der unter 3.3.2 vorgestellten Forschungsfragen beschrieben. Dazu wird als erstes ein Überblick über das verwendete Mixed-Methods-Design gegeben (siehe 4.1). Daraufhin wird das für diese Arbeit ausgearbeitete standardisierte Befragungsinstrument für Kleingruppen vorgestellt (siehe 4.2), da es die Grundlage für beide empirischen Studien bildet. Als Nächstes wird das methodische Vorgehen von Studie I dokumentiert, in der eine qualitative Beobachtung und Diskussion von bzw. mit acht natürlichen Kleingruppen durchgeführt wurde (siehe 4.3). Sie diente dem Test, der Validierung und der Weiterentwicklung des Befragungsinstrumentes für Gruppen, das den methodischen Beitrag dieser Arbeit darstellt. Abschließend wird das methodische Vorgehen von Studie II – der quantitativen Befragung von n = 182 natürlichen Kleingruppen – vorgestellt (siehe 4.4). Ihre Ergebnisse zur Funktionsweise kollektiver Medienrezeption stellen den zentralen empirischen Beitrag der vorliegenden Arbeit dar.
Fazit
Authors: Schindler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungZum Abschluss wird der zentrale theoretische, methodische und empirische Beitrag der vorliegenden Arbeit zusammengefasst und diskutiert (siehe 7.1). Danach werden die Einschränkungen ihrer Beiträge reflektiert (siehe 7.2) und ein allgemeiner Ausblick gegeben (siehe 7.3).
Die Methode der didaktisch orientierten Rekonstruktion
Authors: Huget Judith 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel soll nun die Systematisierung der didaktisch orientierten Rekonstruktion als Methode nach methodischen Grundlagen dargestellt werden als ein zentrales Ziel der Arbeit. Dafür werden zunächst die Zielsetzung der Methode und die einzelnen Schritte der Didaktisierung aufgeführt und theoretisch fundiert. Anschließend wird der rekonstruierende Teilprozess der Methode beschrieben und theoretisch begründet. Im Anschluss daran wird die Methode als Ganzes reflektiert und legitimiert.
Exemplarische Darstellung der didaktisch orientierten Rekonstruktion am Beispiel der Gesetze der großen Zahlen
Authors: Huget Judith 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungNachdem im vorherigen Kapitel eine Systematisierung der didaktisch orientierten Rekonstruktion zur Strukturierung mathematischer Inhalte (Ziel 1) beschrieben wurde, ist das Ziel dieses Abschnitts einen Kanon möglicher Wissenselemente zu den Gesetzen der großen Zahlen innerhalb der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung exemplarisch darzustellen (Ziel 2). Es geht also um eine exemplarische Anwendung der zuvor beschriebenen Methode.
Vorschlag für ein Verfahren zur Teilnahme an intensiv- und notfallmedizinischen Studien bei nichteinwilligungsfähigen Patient*innen (Kölner Modell)
Authors: Kochanek M. , Grass G. , Böll B. , Eichenauer D. A. , Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A. , Hallek M. , Zander T. , Mertens J. , Voltz R. 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Durchführung von klinischen Studien in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin bestehen bei nichteinwilligungsfähigen Patient*innen unterschiedliche Ansichten von Mediziner*innen, Ethikkommissionen und Jurist*innen. Durch differente Ansichten über die Teilnahme von nichteinwilligungsfähigen Patient*innen wird damit zusätzlich die Vorbereitung und Durchführung von klinischen Prüfungen erschwert. Mittels entsprechender Literaturrecherche konnte ein Konsensmodell (Kölner Modell) durch klinisch forschende Ärzt*innen, Ethikkommission und Jurist*innen erstellt werden, dass sowohl Patient*innen, den für die Studie wissenschaftlich Verantwortlichen als auch Ethikkommissionen und Betreuungsrichter*innen ein Höchstmaß an Patient*innensicherheit sowie Rechtssicherheit bringt und gleichzeitig wissenschaftliche Forschung ermöglicht.
The role of galectin-3 in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Procyk Grzegorz , Czapla Aleksandra , Jałocha Kamila , Tymińska Agata , Grabowski Marcin , Gąsecka Aleksandra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerous risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) progression have been identified. However, the biomarkers mentioned in the guidelines do not have any clinically relevant predictive value. Some research groups investigated the potential utility of galectin-3 (gal-3) as a diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker in AF. In this review, we have thoroughly summarized the current data on the role of gal-3 in AF based on the original research in this field. Patients suffering from AF present with increased levels of gal-3. The concentration of gal-3 differs between patients with AF depending on the type of AF — it is higher in patients with persistent AF than in patients with paroxysmal AF. Multiple studies investigating the reappearance of AF in patients who underwent ablation have shown that gal-3 is a promising biomarker to predict the outcome of this therapy. Patients with increased levels of gal-3 are at higher risk of AF recurrence. Although the research considered in this work addressed many aspects of the role of gal-3 in AF, most of it has been conducted on a small group of patients. Therefore, further research and extensive clinical trials confirming described findings are highly warranted.