bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SG-APSIC1102: Antimicrobial resistance and related factors in an intensive care unit—A study at Hue Central Hospital
Authors: Dang Tan , Thihoa Mi Ho , Quyen Vo Dai , Thanh Tran Chi , Van Tuan Mai , Nhan Nguyen Thithanh , Phuoc Le Diem , Thithuan Ha , Nhi Hoang Thiquynh , Thuy Tran Thanh , Toan Nguyen Van Thanh , Huong Hoang Thilan 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major concern in Vietnam, mainly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Appropriate antibiotic management enables us to minimize the likelihood of antibiotic resistance and the spread of resistant bacteria. We evaluated vancomycin and colistin resistance and related factors in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hue Central Hospital, a national hospital in central Vietnam. Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive study, we enrolled 362 patients who were prescribed antibiotics and were admitted to the ICU in 2019. Pathogens isolated from 473 routine clinical samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing following the recommendations in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute M100, 28thEdition. Colistin testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Statistical significance was determined using the Fisher exact test. Results: The most commonly identified microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (31.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8.9%). All isolates of A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa tested with colistin were nonresistant. Moreover, >65% of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to all antibiotics except colistin. S. aureus had the highest resistance rate to erythromycin (80.6%), but no vancomycin-resistant isolates were identified. Factors associated with resistance to at least 1 antibiotic tested included length of stay (OR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.47–19.17; P = .017), duration of antibiotics therapy (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.46–18.95; P = .017), and the use of tracheal intubation and ventilator (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.09–8.72; P = .038). Conclusions: These data indicated that although the vancomycin and colistin resistance rate is low, patients with longer length of stay, longer time on antibiotics, and invasive ventilation were at higher risk of AMR infection. Decreasing device use and strong antibiotic stewardship program at the hospital would help to reduce AMR infections.
SG-APSIC1096: Changes in resistance patterns of “ESKAPE” pathogens to azithromincin and levofloxacin in Yogyakarta
Authors: Asdie Rizka , Heryono Faisal , Puspitasari Ika , Wibawa Tri , Aman Abu Tholib , Dahesihdewi Andaru , Pradhipta Ludang Rizki 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Bacterial coinfection occurred in 3.5% of COVID-19 patients, and secondary bacterial infection occurred in 14.3% of patients. In Indonesia, one of the guidelines for COVID-19 therapy is to administer azithromycin 500 mg per 24 hours for mild and moderate cases and azithromycin 500 mg per 24 hours and levofloxacin 750 g per 24 hours for severe cases with suspected secondary bacterial infection. At the beginning of the pandemic, many antibiotics were used, even without proven or suspected bacterial infection. We sought to determine changes in the resistance of “ESKAPE” bacteria (ie, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp) to the antibiotics levofloxacin and azithromycin prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively by examining the culture and sensitivity test results of “ESKAPE” bacteria to levofloxacin and azithromycin antibiotics in 2019 (before the pandemic) and April 2020–April 2021 (during the pandemic) in 4 hospitals in Yogyakarta. The number of samples represents all cultures completed within the specified period to detect antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Results: In a top referral hospital, resistance to levofloxacin and azithromycin increased significantly for E. faecium and P. aeruginosa, but at a private hospital, an increase in resistance to azithromycin and levofloxacin occurred for A. baumannii and for Enterobacter spp and resistance to levofloxacin increased significantly. At an academic hospital, there was a considerable decrease in S. aureus and E. faecium resistance to levofloxacin and azithromycin. At the government hospital,
S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter spp developed resistance to levofloxacin. Conclusions: Resistance to azithromycin and levofloxacin by different ESKAPE bacteria increased on average during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Blood culture procedures and practices in the neonatal intensive care unit: A survey of a large multicenter collaborative in California
Authors: Lefrak Linda , Schaffer Kristen E. , Bohnert Janine , Mendel Peter , Payton Kurlen S.E. , Lee Henry C. , Bolaris Michael A. , Zangwill Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:To describe variation in blood culture practices in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Design:Survey of neonatal practitioners involved with blood culturing and NICU-level policy development.Participants:We included 28 NICUs in a large antimicrobial stewardship quality improvement program through the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative.Methods:Web-based survey of bedside blood culture practices and NICU- and laboratory-level practices. We evaluated adherence to recommended practices.Results:Most NICUs did not have a procedural competency (54%), did not document the sample volume (75%), did not receive a culture contamination report (57%), and/or did not require reporting to the provider if <1 mL blood was obtained (64%). The skin asepsis procedure varied across NICUs. Only 71% had a written procedure, but ≥86% changed the needle and disinfected the bottle top prior to inoculation. More than one-fifth of NICUs draw a culture from an intravascular device only (if present). Of 13 modifiable practices related to culture and contamination, NICUs with nurse practitioners more frequently adopted >50% of practices, compared to units without (92% vs 50% of units; P < .02).Conclusions:In the NICU setting, recommended practices for blood culturing were not routinely performed.
Personal protective equipment use among dental healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact of an educational video in clinical practice
Authors: Vogt Lucy C. , Reske Kimberly A. , Park Daniel , Habrock Bach Tracey , Stewart Henry B. , Arter Olivia G. , Stoeckel Daniel , Steinkamp Heidi M. , Liang Stephen Y. , Durkin Michael J. , Kwon Jennie H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:Dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are at high risk of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to identify how DHCP changed their use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to pilot an educational video designed to improve knowledge of proper PPE use.Design:The study comprised 2 sets of semistructured qualitative interviews.Setting:The study was conducted in 8 dental clinics in a Midwestern metropolitan area.Participants:In total, 70 DHCP participated in the first set of interviews; 63 DHCP participated in the second set of interviews.Methods:In September–November 2020 and March–October 2021, we conducted 2 sets of semistructured interviews: (1) PPE use in the dental community during COVID-19, and (2) feedback on the utility of an educational donning and doffing video.Results:Overall, 86% of DHCP reported having prior training. DHCP increased the use of PPE during COVID-19, specifically N95 respirators and face shields. DHCP reported real-world challenges to applying infection control methods, often resulting in PPE modification and reuse. DHCP reported double masking and sterilization methods to extend N95 respirator use. Additional challenges to PPE included shortages, comfort or discomfort, and compatibility with specialty dental equipment. DHCP found the educational video helpful and relevant to clinical practice. Fewer than half of DHCP reported exposure to a similar video.Conclusions:DHCP experienced significant challenges related to PPE access and routine use in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. An educational video improved awareness and uptake of appropriate PPE use among DHCP.
Perturbation-based active flow control in overexpanded to underexpanded supersonic rectangular twin jets
Authors: Samimy Mo , Webb Nathan , Esfahani Ata , Leahy Ryan 
Published: March 2023

The effects of perturbation-based active flow control on supersonic rectangular twin jets (SRTJ) over a wide range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPR = 2.77 to 6.7, corresponding to fully expanded Mach numbers Mj = 1.3 to 1.9) were investigated. The aspect ratio and design Mach number for the bi-conic, converging-diverging nozzles were 2 and 1.5, respectively. The flow and acoustic fields of SRTJ are known to couple, often generating high near-field (NF) pressure fluctuations and elevated far-field (FF) noise levels. Large-scale structures (LSS), or equivalently instability waves or wave packets, are responsible for mixing noise, broadband shock-associated noise, screech and coupling. The primary objective of this research was to manipulate the development of LSS in this complex flow to better understand and mitigate their effects. The organization and passage frequency of the LSS were altered by excitation of instabilities over a wide range of frequencies and modes. Key findings include: (1) the screech mode of each jet was flapping along its minor axis; (2) the jets coupled, out-of-phase primarily in overexpanded cases and in-phase primarily in underexpanded cases, along the minor axis of the SRTJ; (3) coupling has significant effects on the NF pressure fluctuations, but only minor effect on the FF noise; (4) standing waves were observed only on the minor axis plane of the SRTJ; (5) altering or suppressing coupling can significantly reduce NF pressure fluctuations; (6) two high-frequency excitation methods proved effective in reducing the FF noise; and (7) nonlinear interactions between the screech tones and excitation input were observed in controlled cases in which screech was only partially suppressed.
Horses for Courses: Subject Differences in the Chances of Securing Different Types of Graduate Jobs in the UK
Authors: Hunt Wil , Baldauf B. , Lyonette C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalysis of the 2010/11 Longitudinal Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey shows that overly-simplistic conceptions of graduate success underestimate the value of obtaining a degree in some subjects. Using a skills-based classification of graduate jobs the research finds that maths and vocationally-oriented subjects associated with higher earnings returns (Belfield et al., 2018a, 2018b) – engineering, architecture, computer science and nursing – increase the chances of having an ‘Expert’ job compared to the average for all graduates. However, more generalist subjects that have been linked with lower earnings such as creative arts, languages and mass communication and documentation are better for accessing graduate jobs where creativity and ability to communicate is key. The research demonstrates the value of using a more nuanced conception of graduate jobs and shows that debate about the value of higher education needs to move away from a narrow focus on earnings.
Searching for the “native” speaker: A preregistered conceptual replication and extension of Reid, Trofimovich, and O’Brien (2019)
Authors: Brown Bianca , Tusmagambet Botagoz , Rahming Valentino , Tu Chun-Ying , DeSalvo Michael B. , Wiener Seth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study conceptually replicated and extended Reid, Trofimovich, and O’Brien (2019), who found that native English speakers could be biased positively (or negatively) relative to a control condition in terms of how they rate non-native English speech. Our internet-based study failed to replicate Reid et al. across a wider population sample of “native” speakers (n = 189). Listeners did not change how they rated non-native English speech after social bias orientations and performed similarly across all five measures of speech and across age and race (Asian, Black, and Caucasian). We attribute our results to differences in the methods (in-person vs. online) and/or participants. Of note, roughly one-third of our “native” participants indicated proficiency in languages other than English and residency in 12 different English-speaking countries, despite identifying as a) fluent English speakers who b) used English primarily and c) acquired English before any other language from birth. These screening items taken together qualified “native” participants in line with traditional psycholinguistics research. We conclude that the concept of “nativeness” is tied to culture-specific perspectives surrounding language use. As such, the native/non-native categorical variable simultaneously serves and limits the advancement of psycholinguistics research.
Decoupled motion planning of a mobile manipulator for precision agriculture
Authors: Colucci Giovanni , Tagliavini Luigi , Botta Andrea , Baglieri Lorenzo , Quaglia Giuseppe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThanks to recent developments in service robotics technologies, precision agriculture (PA) is becoming an increasingly prominent research field, and several studies were made to present and outline how the use of mobile robotic systems can help and improve farm production. In this paper, the integration of a custom-designed mobile base with a commercial robotic arm is presented, showing the functionality and features of the overall system for crop monitoring and sampling. To this aim, the motion planning problem is addressed, developing a tailored algorithm based on the so-called manipulability index, that treats the base and robotic arm mobility as two independent degrees of motion; also developing an open source closed-form inverse kinematics algorithm for the kinematically redundant manipulator. The presented methods and sub-system, even though strictly related to a specific mobile manipulator system, can be adapted not only to PA applications where a mobile manipulator is involved but also to the wider field of assistive robotics.
Moderate maternal nutrient reduction in pregnancy alters fatty acid oxidation and RNA splicing in the nonhuman primate fetal liver
Authors: Zimmerman Kip D. , Chan Jeannie , Glenn Jeremy P. , Birnbaum Shifra , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Olivier Michael , Cox Laura A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFetal liver tissue collected from a nonhuman primate (NHP) baboon model of maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) at four gestational time points (90, 120, 140, and 165 days gestation [dG], term in the baboon is ∼185 dG) was used to quantify MNR effects on the fetal liver transcriptome. 28 transcripts demonstrated different expression patterns between MNR and control livers during the second half of gestation, a developmental period when the fetus undergoes rapid weight gain and fat accumulation. Differentially expressed transcripts were enriched for fatty acid oxidation and RNA splicing-related pathways. Increased RNA splicing activity in MNR was reflected in greater abundances of transcript splice variant isoforms in the MNR group. It can be hypothesized that the increase in splice variants is deployed in an effort to adapt to the poorin uteroenvironment and ensure near-normal development and energy metabolism. This study is the first to study developmental programming across four critical gestational stages during primate fetal liver development and reveals a potentially novel cellular response mechanism mediating fetal programming in response to MNR.
Microscale Spatial Variations in Coseismic Temperature Rise on Hematite Fault Mirrors in the Wasatch Fault Damage Zone
Authors: McDermott Robert G. , Ault Alexis K. , Wetzel Kelsey F. , Evans James P. , Shen Fen‐Ann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoseismic temperature rise activates fault dynamic weakening that promotes earthquake rupture propagation. The spatial scales over which peak temperatures vary on slip surfaces are challenging to identify in the rock record. We present microstructural observations and electron backscatter diffraction data from three small‐displacement hematite‐coated fault mirrors (FMs) in the Wasatch fault damage zone, Utah, to evaluate relations between fault properties, strain localization, temperature rise, and weakening mechanisms during FM development. Millimeter‐ to cm‐thick, matrix‐supported, hematite‐cemented breccia is cut by ∼25–200 μm‐thick, texturally heterogeneous veins that form the hematite FM volume (FMV). Grain morphologies and textures vary with FMV thickness over μm to mm lengthscales. Cataclasite grades to ultracataclasite where FMV thickness is greatest. Thinner FMVs and geometric asperities are characterized by particles with subgrains, serrated grain boundaries, and(or) low‐strain polygonal grains that increase in size with proximity to the FM surface. Comparison to prior hematite deformation experiments suggests FM temperatures broadly range from ≥400°C to ≥800–1100°C, compatible with observed coeval brittle and plastic deformation mechanisms, over sub‐mm scales on individual slip surfaces during seismic slip. We present a model of FM development by episodic hematite precipitation, fault reactivation, and strain localization, where the thickness of hematite veins controls the width of the deforming zones during subsequent fault slip, facilitating temperature rise and thermally activated weakening. Our data document intrasample coseismic temperatures, resultant deformation and dynamic weakening mechanisms, and the length scales over which these vary on slip surfaces.
Improving CO2 photoconversion with ionic liquid and Co single atoms
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Jianhui , Huang Houhou , Bai Linlu , Zhao Xiaomeng , Qu Binhong , Xiong Lunqiao , Bai Fuquan , Tang Junwang , Jing Liqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 conversion promises an ideal route to store solar energy into chemical bonds. However, sluggish electron kinetics and unfavorable product selectivity remain unresolved challenges. Here, an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and borate-anchored Co single atoms were separately loaded on ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets. The optimized nanocomposite photocatalyst produces CO and CH4 from CO2 and water under UV–vis light irradiation, exhibiting a 42-fold photoactivity enhancement compared with g-C3N4 and nearly 100% selectivity towards CO2 reduction. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the ionic liquid extracts electrons and facilitates CO2 reduction, whereas Co single atoms trap holes and catalyze water oxidation. More importantly, the maximum electron transfer efficiency for CO2 photoreduction, as measured with in-situ μs-transient absorption spectroscopy, is found to be 35.3%, owing to the combined effect of the ionic liquid and Co single atoms. This work offers a feasible strategy for efficiently converting CO2 to valuable chemicals.
Regional occupancy increases for widespread species but decreases for narrowly distributed species in metacommunity time series
Authors: Xu Wu-Bing , Blowes Shane A. , Brambilla Viviana , Chow Cher F. Y. , Fontrodona-Eslava Ada , Martins Inês S. , McGlinn Daniel , Moyes Faye , Sagouis Alban , Shimadzu Hideyasu , van Klink Roel , Magurran Anne E. , Gotelli Nicholas J. , McGill Brian J. , Dornelas Maria , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile human activities are known to elicit rapid turnover in species composition through time, the properties of the species that increase or decrease their spatial occupancy underlying this turnover are less clear. Here, we used an extensive dataset of 238 metacommunity time series of multiple taxa spread across the globe to evaluate whether species that are more widespread (large-ranged species) differed in how they changed their site occupancy over the 10–90 years the metacommunities were monitored relative to species that are more narrowly distributed (small-ranged species). We found that on average, large-ranged species tended to increase in occupancy through time, whereas small-ranged species tended to decrease. These relationships were stronger in marine than in terrestrial and freshwater realms. However, in terrestrial regions, the directional changes in occupancy were less extreme in protected areas. Our findings provide evidence for systematic decreases in occupancy of small-ranged species, and that habitat protection could mitigate these losses in the face of environmental change.
Integrated transcriptome study of the tumor microenvironment for treatment response prediction in male predominant hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Gan , Tao Minzhen , Ning Hui , Guo Wei , Yin Gaofei , Gao Wen , Feng Lifei , Gu Jin , Xie Zhen , Huang Zhigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of the first-line treatment for hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC), a predominantly male cancer, at advanced stage is only about 50% without reliable molecular indicators for its prognosis. In this study, HPC biopsy samples collected before and after the first-line treatment are classified into different groups according to treatment responses. We analyze the changes of HPC tumor microenvironment (TME) at the single-cell level in response to the treatment and identify three gene modules associated with advanced HPC prognosis. We estimate cell constitutions based on bulk RNA-seq of our HPC samples and build a binary classifier model based on non-malignant cell subtype abundance in TME, which can be used to accurately identify treatment-resistant advanced HPC patients in time and enlarge the possibility to preserve their laryngeal function. In summary, we provide a useful approach to identify gene modules and a classifier model as reliable indicators to predict treatment responses in HPC.
Quinolinate promotes macrophage-induced immune tolerance in glioblastoma through the NMDAR/PPARγ signaling axis
Authors: Kesarwani Pravin , Kant Shiva , Zhao Yi , Prabhu Antony , Buelow Katie L. , Miller C. Ryan , Chinnaiyan Prakash 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere has been considerable scientific effort dedicated to understanding the biologic consequence and therapeutic implications of aberrant tryptophan metabolism in brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. A majority of this work has focused on the upstream metabolism of tryptophan; however, this has resulted in limited clinical application. Using global metabolomic profiling of patient-derived brain tumors, we identify the downstream metabolism of tryptophan and accumulation of quinolinate (QA) as a metabolic node in glioblastoma and demonstrate its critical role in promoting immune tolerance. QA acts as a metabolic checkpoint in glioblastoma by inducing NMDA receptor activation and Foxo1/PPARγ signaling in macrophages, resulting in a tumor supportive phenotype. Using a genetically-engineered mouse model designed to inhibit production of QA, we identify kynureninase as a promising therapeutic target to revert the potent immune suppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma. These findings offer an opportunity to revisit the biologic consequence of this pathway as it relates to oncogenesis and neurodegenerative disease and a framework for developing immune modulatory agents to further clinical gains in these otherwise incurable diseases.