bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Control by the H-2 Gene Complex of the Alloantibody Response to an H-2 Antigen
Authors: Stimpfling J. H. , Durham T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic control of the immune response against an H-2 antigenic specificity was investigated. With the aid of five congenic mouse strains, B10.A, C57BL/10, B10.A(2R), B10.A(3R) and B10.A(5R), it was demonstrated that a genetic factor, possibly Ir-1, associated with the H-2(K) subdivision of the H-2b chromosome, exerts a regulatory effect on a recipient's capacity to respond to H-2.2, an antigenic specificity determined by the H-2(D) subdivision of the H-2 gene complex.
The Effect of Antiplasma Cell Sera on the Primary Immune Response
Authors: Harris Nick S. , Jagarlamoody Sreerama M. , McKhann Charles F. , Najarian John S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An antiserum, antiplasma cell sera (APS), prepared against mouse myeloma cells was specifically cytotoxic to myeloma cells; the cytotoxicity could be absorbed out only with myeloma cells. When tested in a hemolytic plaque assay, APS greatly reduced the number of direct (IgM) plaque-forming cells (PFC) when administered 1, 2 or 3 days after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The APS was also effective in vitro in reducing the number of direct PFC in spleen cell suspensions from mice that had been immunized 4 days earlier with SRBC. As determined in a skin allografting model, APS had no obvious effects on cellular immunity.
An Adaptation of the Mixed Leukocyte Culture Test for Use in Evaluating Lymphocyte and Macrophage Function
Authors: Twomey J. J. , Sharkey O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mixed allogeneic leukocyte culture reaction was adapted into a test in which lymphocyte and macrophage function in this system can be assessed individually. In this test, purified lymphocytes from the patient under study were stimulated to incorporate 3H thymidine by irradiated leukocytes from three allogeneic, control donors. Test donors' macrophage function was evaluated by stimulating purified lymphocytes from the three control donors with irradiated leukocytes from the patient under study. The macrophage content in cultures of unpurified leukocytes was also measured. The test proved to be sensitive and reproducible. This report shows that this test can identify specifically lymphocyte unresponsiveness, quantitative and functional macrophage abnormalities, and combined lymphocyte and macrophage defects.
Hemolytic Efficiencies of Genetic Variants of Human C3
Authors: Colten Harvey R. , Alper Chester A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The hemolytic efficiency of the genetic variants of the third component of complement (C3), native C3 in serum and highly purified C3 were estimated. The specific hemolytic activities of each of the partially purified variants were similar to that of C3 in whole serum but only about 20% that of highly purified C3. In the highly purified preparation, approximately 300 C3 molecules were bound for each hemolytic site.
Persistence and Characterization of Idiotypes in Pedigreed Rabbits Producing Antibodies of Restricted Heterogeneity to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides
Authors: Winfield John B. , Pincus Jack H. , Mage Rose G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-idiotype antisera were prepared which reacted with anti-SVIII antibodies of restricted heterogeneity in the sera of two rabbits, each from a different pedigree. No sharing of the idiotypes was detectable in antisera from close relatives of each donor. We looked for shared idiotypic determinants by precipitation tests and by an inhibition of binding assay which we estimate could have detected 1% of antibody with the same idiotype. Antibody to SVIII with idiotypic determinants present during the first course of immunization of an individual rabbit reappeared during the second immunization series 12 months later. During the course of restimulation, the antiserum exhibited increased complexity. By the 4th week, antibody with the original idiotype had decreased in concentration while the total anti-SVIII reached maximum concentration.
The Effects of an Immunoenhancing Bacterial Product on the Adenyl Cyclase Activity of Mouse Spleen Cells
Authors: Winchurch Richard , Actor Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A somatic antigen fractionated from lysates of Vibrio cholerae was assessed for its ability to enhance responses to sheep and horse red blood cells (sRBC and hRBC). This material proved to possess adjuvant properties when injected with either of these antigens. In addition, this adjuvant substance was found to stimulate both tritiated thymidine uptake and adenyl cyclase activity in normal mouse spleen cell cultures.
Effects of Pyran Copolymer on Oncogenic Virus Infections in Immunosuppressed Hosts
Authors: Hirsch Martin S. , Black Paul H. , Wood Mary L. , Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of pyran copolymer on polyoma virus oncogenesis and Rauscher virus leukemogenesis were evaluated in immunosuppressed mice. Mice immunosuppressed by adult thymectomy and antilymphocyte serum were protected by pyran copolymer against tumor development following subsequent polyoma virus inoculation. Similarly immunosuppressed mice were also protected against early erythroblastosis and late lymphomas induced by Rauscher virus. The mechanisms of protection appeared to be secondary to macrophage activation and enhanced phagocytosis induced by pyran copolymer.
Further Purification of Perchlorate-Soluble Antigens from Human Colonic Carcinomata
Authors: Turner Michael D. , Olivares Telba A. , Harwell Lee , Kleinman Martin S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from colonic carcinoma extracts was labeled with radioiodine. The 125ICEA appeared homogenous in a number of systems but showed three components on density gradient ultracentrifugation in CsCl. The component of intermediate density appeared to represent purified CEA and reacted vigorously with absorbed rabbit and goat anti-CEA sera. The most dense component reacted with antiserum to blood group A substance as well as with the two anti-CEA sera. Its reactivity with all three antisera was abolished by the addition of blood group A substance. The purified CEA also reacted weakly with anti-blood group A serum. This reaction was abolished by the addition of blood group substance which, however, had no effect on the reaction of the purified CEA with the anti-CEA sera. It was concluded that some preparations of tumor antigen contain a mixture of blood group A substance and the tumor antigen. The rabbit and goat anti-CEA sera appeared to contain a mixture of anti-CEA and anti-A antibodies. CEA molecules may contain both “CEA-determinants” and A-determinants. A sensitive radioimmunoassay for CEA was developed by using 125I-labeled purified CEA.
In Vivo Activity of in Vitro Immunized Lymphocytes
Authors: Rouse Barry T. , Wagner Hermann , Harris Alan W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse thymocytes immunized in vitro against allogeneic spleen cells were assayed for their ability to cause rejection of tumor allografts in vivo. CBA (H-2k) cortisone-resistant thymocytes were immunized by culture for 6 days with mitomycin-treated BALB/c (H-2d) or C57BL (H-2b) spleen cells. The activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) generated was assayed in vivo by measuring their capacity to prevent tumor growth in lethally irradiated mice and in vitro by measuring their capacity to cause 51Cr release from labeled tumor cells.
Thymocytes immunized in culture had lytic activity against labeled tumor cells of various types (mastocytoma, carcinoma, myeloma and lymphomas) in vitro and were highly effective at rejecting allografts of the same tumors in vivo. Tumor cell lines rejected by the lowest ratio of CL to tumor cells were also the most susceptible to in vitro lytic action.
The protective effect in vivo was immunologically specific in that all H-2d tumors tested were inhibited by H-2d-immunized cells at a CL to tumor cell ratio of 1:1, but an H-2d and H-2k tumor were not inhibited even at a ratio of 10:1. With H-2b-immunized cells, weak reactivity was detected; at a ratio of CL to tumor cells of 10:1 some H-2d tumors were inhibited.
The results support the concept that tumor allograft rejection is a function of T lymphocytes and that no synergism with B lymphocytes is necessary. Furthermore, they indicate that in vitro activated CL can function in vivo as specific effector cells for cell-mediated immunity.
Peptides from the Site of Rabbit Antibody: Anti-Azophenyltrimethylammonium Antibody
Authors: Takeda Yasushi , Friedenson Bernard , Roholt Oliver A. , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A tyrosine peptide which appears to be derived from the combining site of an anti-azophenyltrimethylammonium antibody was isolated and the amino acid sequence was determined. Binding studies showed that the antibody was inactivated by iodination and that the attack was in the site, since the presence of the hapten, phenyltrimethylammonium ion, during iodination prevented the loss of sites.
The peptide from the site was isolated after a paired labeling procedure as follows. One portion of the antibody was iodinated with 125I-labeled hypoiodite. A second portion was iodinated with 131I-labeled hypoiodite in the presence of hapten to protect the site from iodination. The protected and unprotected preparations were mixed, digested with pepsin and the iodinated peptides separated. The ratio of 125I:131I relative to that of the unfractionated digest was determined for the peptides; a high ratio indicated that the peptide was derived from the antibody site. A high-ratio peptide, equivalent to at least 37% of the total antibody sites present, had the sequence Ile-DIT-Asp. The peptide was shown to be derived from the heavy chain of the antibody and was probably from the variable portion.
Specificity and Nature of the Antigen-Combining Sites on Fetal and Mature Thymus Lymphocytes
Authors: Dwyer John M. , Warner Noel L. , Mackay Ian R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The thymus of several species was examined for antigen-binding lymphocytes (ABL), by using autoradiography and 125I-labeled antigens, flagellin from Salmonella adelaide and hemocyanin from Jasus lalandii. Counts of ABL in thymic cell suspensions, expressed per 104 lymphocytes, varied according to the species and antigen used. For flagellin the count of thymic ABL was considerably greater in the human fetus (182 ± 50) than the mouse fetus (2.9 ± 0.5), but for hemocyanin was greater in the mouse (36 ± 8.5) than the human (10 ± 2.5). In man and mouse counts of thymic ABL fell steadily with increasing age, from fetal to late adult life. The property of antigen binding could not be attributed to cytophilic antibody because this was not passively conferred on to lymphocytes in vitro or in vivo by antibody to flagellin in high titer. The in vivo experiment was on rats immunized with flagellin before pregnancy; antibody crossed the placenta yet failed to confer antigen-binding properties on lymphocytes of various fetal tissues. The binding of flagellin and hemocyanin to thymic lymphocytes in man and mouse was blocked by monospecific antisera to light chains and µ chains, even in high dilution. Most of the ABL in thymus cell suspensions would be expected to be thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes rather than immigrant B lymphocytes and the data were therefore interpreted as showing that such lymphocytes carry antigen-binding receptors of IgM character.
Appearance of an Early “Primed State” in Mice following the Concomitant Injections of Antigen and Specific Antiserum
Authors: Terres Geronimo , Morrison Sherie L. , Habicht Gail S. , Stoner Richard D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Injection of mice with immune complexes formed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit anti-BSA in antigen excess produced an enhanced anti-BSA response. An enhanced antibody response was also obtained when immune complexes prepared at equivalence were injected intravenously and a second antigen injection was made within 4 days. The results suggest that immune complexes elicit within a few days a “primed state” which is identical to the primed state observed weeks after a single antigen injection; that is, the kinetics of the appearance of antibody and the effect of whole-body irradiation upon the antibody response following the second antigen injection were similar to those observed in mice primed with antigen alone. The role of antibody and antigen-antibody complexes in eliciting a primed state is discussed.
Leishmania Donovani; Partial Characterization of Some Flagellate Cytoplasmic Immunogens
Authors: Clinton Bruce A. , Palczuk Nicholas C. , Stauber Leslie A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leishmania donovani promastigotes were cultured in Millipore-filtered medium and subjected to freeze-thaw and homogenization regimens. The resulting homogenate was centrifuged, and the supernatant, consisting mainly of the cytoplasmic portion, was injected into rabbits. The rabbit anti-promastigote antibody was used to study promastigote immunogens by immunoelectrophoresis and by our modification of thin-layer immunochromatography (ICG). Both procedures revealed nine distinct precipitin lines; however, ICG disclosed the approximate molecular weights of the cytoplasmic immunogens ranging from 8637 to 112,250. In other characterization studies, promastigote homogenate in CFA was used to sensitize 16 guinea pigs. After 7 days the animals were challenged with individual cytoplasmic fractions (3 to 4 µg protein) separated by G-200 Sephadex. Intradermal challenge sites were measured, for diameters of erythema at 10 min; 4, 7, 24, 48 and 96 hr. Erythema appeared at 4 hr post-challenge, peaking at 24 hr and thereafter decreasing in intensity. Two distinct fractions from the separated homogenate were responsible for the most intense delayed skin responses. Used culture medium produced delayed skin reactions; whereas, unused medium provoked no response.
Immunodeficiency of the Thymus-Dependent System of the Ames Dwarf Mouse
Authors: Duquesnoy Rene J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The autosomal recessive pituitary Ames dwarf mouse was immunodeficient as shown by lymphocyte depletion and involution of thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissue, lymphopenia and a wasting syndrome with subsequent death at a young age. The appearance of 19S and 7S hemolytic plaque-forming cells after immunogenic stimulation with sheep erythrocytes was delayed and considerably less in Ames dwarf mice than in normal littermates. The graft-vs-host reactivity of spleen cells, measured by the Simonsen splenomegaly assay in young (Ames × AKR)F1 hybrid mice, was significantly lower in Ames dwarf mice. On the other hand, the Ames dwarf mouse did not have marked deficiencies in the serum levels of immunoglobulin. The normal colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells measured with the spleencolony assay of Till and McCulloch (see Ref. 13), suggested a normal stem cell population in the bone marrow of Ames dwarf mice. The earliest degenerative change of the thymus of the Ames dwarf mouse was a depletion of thymocytes from the thymus cortex frequently accompanied by an increased number of lymphoid cells in the medulla. This was followed by a loss of lymphoid cellularity of the medulla, thereby causing a complete involution of the thymus. These results suggest that the Ames dwarf mouse has an immunodeficiency of the thymus-dependent lymphoid system as a consequence of defective thymotropic influences by the pituitary.
The Functional Capacity of X-Irradiated Macrophages
Authors: Schmidtke Jon R. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Graded doses of x-irradiation (up to 10,000 R) had no effect on the uptake and little effect on the catabolism of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or human γ-globulin (HGG) in vitro by macrophages from non-immunized CBA or A mice. After uptake and catabolism, however, greater amounts of KLH and HGG remained associated with the plasma membrane of x-irradiated (10,000 R) macrophages compared with control cells. Because of their greater surface binding of antigens, x-irradiated macrophages after transfer to normal mice were more effective in inducing immune responses to antigens to which they were exposed in vitro than were normal macrophages. This increased immunogenicity of KLH bound to x-irradiated macrophages was abrogated by treating the cells with trypsin before transfer. In addition, transfer of normal macrophages carrying KLH or HGG to sublethally irradiated mice did not reconstitute their ability to form antibody to these proteins.
Studies on Human Secretory Immunoglobulin A.
Authors: Tomana Milan , Mestecky Jiri , Niedermeier William 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human secretory IgA (S-IgA) from colostrum contains 8.7% carbohydrate consisting of 0.7% fucose, 2.6% mannose, 1.6% galactose, 2.5% glucosamine, 0.2% galactosamine, and 1.1% sialic acid. The carbohydrate content is unevenly distributed among the polypeptide chains. Assuming that the S-IgA is composed of four heavy (H) chains, four light (L) chains, one secretory component (SC) and one J chain, the total carbohydrate content would be distributed as follows: 63% in H chains, 28% in SC, 6.5% in J chain, and 2.5% in L chains.
The qualitative composition and the ratio between individual carbohydrates is similar in the different types of polypeptide chains, with the two following exceptions: galactosamine was found only in H chains and a higher content of fucose was detected in SC than in the rest of the chains.
Interaction in Vivo of Homocytotropic Antibodies Belonging to Two Different Rat Immunoglobulin Classes: Effect of IgE on the Passive Cutaneous Anaphylactic Reaction Mediated by IgGa Antibodies
Authors: Ohman John L. , Bloch Kurt J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat anti-Nippostrongylus brasiliensis antiserum was considerably more effective than normal rat serum in inhibiting the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction mediated by an IgGa anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antiserum fraction. The inhibitory activity had the chromatographic, gel filtration and heat lability characteristics of rat IgE. The IgGa fraction, isolated from hyperimmune rat anti-DNP antiserum, devoid of IgE anti-DNP activity, yielded stronger 6-hr PCA reactions than did whole antiserum. The inhibitory activity in whole antiserum was attributed to nonspecific IgE, although the existence of other, minor, inhibitors could not be excluded. Rats repeatedly infected with N. brasiliensis larvae failed to undergo PCA reactions at sites prepared with certain IgGa or IgE antibody-containing fractions; it is presumed that in these animals mast cell receptors are occupied by autologous IgE anti-worm antibodies. These experiments provide in vivo confirmation of the interaction of rat IgE and IgGa antibodies at a common receptor on target cells.
The Influence of Carriers on the Immune Response of Rabbits to the Synthetic Homopolymer Poly (γ-2-N-Morpholinylethyl-l-Glutamamide) (Pameg)
Authors: McDonald Hugh C. , Odstrchel Gerald , Maurer Paul H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunization intravenously (i.v.) of rabbits with soluble PAMEG, or PAMEG adsorbed to alum, carboxymethylcellulose, or insoluble acetylated bovine serum albumin produced little (0.05 mg antibody/ml serum) or no precipitating antibody against PAMEG. However, rabbits immunized with PAMEG coated onto a rough strain of Pneumococcus (R36A) produced significant levels of antibody directed against both PAMEG and the R strain carrier. After the second course immunization, the antiPAMEG response was as high as 16 mg antibody/ml serum, and some sera displayed restrictions in the γ globulin region by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
Half-Life of Guinea Pig γ1 Globulin and γ2 Globulin Antibodies
Authors: LeFever Jane D. , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The half-lives (t1/2) of guinea pig γ1 globulin and γ2 globulin antibodies (antiovalbumin) have been compared in normal guinea pigs. These animals catabolized γ1-antibody more slowly than γ2-antibody. The average t1/2 of γ1 was 7.1 days; the average t1/2 of γ2 was 5.1 days. When guinea pigs were actively immunized with bovine γ globulin, the level of circulating γ1 globulin increased on the average 8 to 9 times above the preimmunization level, and the average t1/2 of injected γ1 decreased to 5.3 days.
Close Linkage of the Genes for Rabbit IgA Allotypes, Af71 to Af75, to the Chromosomal Region Controlling Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Allotypes
Authors: Hanly W. C. , Knight K. L. , Gilman-Sachs A. , Dray S. , Lichter E. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Five allotypes of rabbit IgA immunoglobulin, designated Af71, Af72, Af73, Af74 and Af75, have been identified in this laboratory and found to be inherited in linkage groups of f71 and f75, f72 and f74 or f73 and f74 as if they were controlled by three autosomal codominant alleles f71,75, f72,74 and f73,74, at a chromosomal region designated the f locus (1, 2).3 Tentatively, the f locus or region can be thought of as two linked regions or subloci such that one set of alleles controls f71, f72 and f73 and another set, controls f74 and f75. These five allotypic specificities are not found on IgG or IgM and thus appear to be associated uniquely with serum and secretory IgA (1). Furthermore, the phenogroup pair of allotypic specificities do not appear to be on the same IgA molecule but on separate IgA molecules, perhaps on subclasses of IgA (3).
Ascaris Cuticle Collagen and Mammalian Collagens: Cell Mediated and Humoral Immunity Relationships
Authors: Michaeli Dov , Senyk George , Maoz Arieh , Fuchs Sara 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complete cell-mediated and humoral cross-reactivity was demonstrated between native Ascaris cuticle collagen and its reduced and carboxymethylated (RCM) form. The data indicate the preservation of intact immunologic determinants after reduction and alkylation of the parent molecule.
Cell-mediated immunity could be demonstrated with both forms of Ascaris collagen and human collagen whereas no such cross-reaction existed between the former collagens and mouse collagen. No humoral cross-reactivity between Ascaris collagen and a variety of mammalian collagens was detectable.
The data demonstrate the usefulness of cell-mediated immunity in determining the relatedness of phylogenetically remote proteins. The possibilities that Ascaris and mammalian collagens may be products of either divergence from a common primordial protein or convergence from different primordial proteins are discussed.
Immunochemical Studies on Chlamydial Group Antigen (Presence of a 2-Keto-3-Deoxycarbohydrate as Immunodominant Group)
Authors: Dhir S. P. , Hakomori S. , Kenny G. E. , Grayston J. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The group reactive, water soluble polysaccharide antigens of the organisms of psittacosis, lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma were chemically characterized. An acidic polysaccharide of large molecular weight was purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Its antigenic activity was destroyed both by periodate (0.005 M) and by mild acid hydrolysis (0.1 N sulfuric acid at 80°C for 1 hr). An acidic component, which separated from the rest of the polysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis, gave a positive thiobarbituric acid test and negative resorcinol test characteristic of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid. On paper chromatography its behavior was similar to but not identical with that of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid from Salmonella lipopolysaccharides. The ease with which antigenicity was destroyed by periodate and mild acid hydrolysis suggests that this acidic component is critical for antigenicity.