bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Life Anti-Müllerian Hormone Trajectories in Infant Girls
Authors: Chin Helen B. , Krall Jenna R. , Goldberg Mandy , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Darge Kassa , Stallings Virginia A. , Rogan Walter J. , Umbach David M. , Baird Donna D. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Minipuberty is a period of increased reproductive axis activity in infancy, but the importance of this period is not well understood, especially in girls. Previous studies reported a peak in hormone concentrations at 3 to 4 months old. Our objective is to describe anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) trajectories in the context of other minipuberty factors among healthy infant girls using longitudinal measures of AMH.

Methods:
The Infant Feeding and Early Development study is a longitudinal cohort study of healthy infants, recruited from hospitals in the Philadelphia area during 2010 to 2013. We measured AMH in 153 girls who contributed 1366 serum samples across 11 study visits over 36 weeks. We also measured follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and ovarian characteristics. We used latent class mixed effects models to cluster trajectories of AMH concentration with age. Using linear mixed models, we estimated FSH and ovarian characteristic trajectories separately by AMH cluster.

Results:
We classified infants into four clusters that represent patterns of AMH that were high and decreasing (decreasing), had a peak around 12 weeks or 20 weeks (early peak and middle peak), or were consistently low (low). Infants in these clusters differed in their FSH trajectories, timing of estradiol production, and ovarian characteristics.

Conclusions:
The AMH clusters identified suggest variation in the timing and the magnitude of the minipuberty response in infant girls. The decreasing and low clusters have not been described previously and should be further evaluated to determine whether they represent an opportunity for the early identification of later reproductive conditions.
Treatment options for molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer in 2023
Authors: Karpel Hannah C. , Slomovitz Brian , Coleman Robert L. , Pothuri Bhavana 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
This article reviews treatment strategies in endometrial cancer by molecular subtype.

Recent findings
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classifies four molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer – mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), copy number high (CNH)/p53abn, copy number low (CNL)/no specific molecular profile (NSMP), and POLEmut – which are validated and highly prognostic. Treatment consideration by subtype is now recommended. FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) include pembrolizumab and dostarlimab for previously treated dMMR/MSI-H EC, and pembrolizumab/lenvatinib for mismatch repair-proficient/microsatellite-stable endometrial cancer, including CNH/p53abn and CNL/NSMP. ICIs are being studied as first-line therapy in advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer by MMR status, as well as in combination with other targeted agents. Trastuzumab is NCCN compendium listed for HER2-positive serous endometrial cancer, which are primarily p53-abnormal. Antibody–drug conjugates targeting low and high HER2 levels show promise in breast cancer, and are beginning to be studied in endometrial cancer. In addition to hormonal therapy, maintenance therapy with selinexor (XPO1-inhibitor) showed potential benefit in p53-wildtype endometrial cancer and is being investigated prospectively. Multiple prospective trials are evaluating de-escalation of care for POLEmut endometrial cancer given favorable survival regardless of adjuvant therapy.

Summary
Molecular subtyping has important prognostic and therapeutic implications and should be guiding patient management and clinical trial design in endometrial cancer.
The importance of follicular flushing in optimizing oocyte retrieval
Authors: Lainas George , Lainas Tryfon , Kolibianakis Efstratios 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
To critically evaluate the use of follicular flushing during oocyte retrieval.

Recent findings
The latest meta-analysis evaluating follicular flushing does not favour its use over single aspiration. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included, however, are characterized by significant heterogeneity regarding the population analysed, the needle type and lumen used, the aspiration pressure applied and the number of flushing attempts performed. More importantly, information regarding the flow rate used for aspiration is scarce. The only RCT employing a constant flow rate between single aspiration and follicular flushing in women with monofollicular development, suggests that a higher number of oocytes is retrieved after follicular flushing.

Summary
In order to eliminate clinical heterogeneity that might obscure the detection of the true effect of follicular flushing, randomization to single aspiration and follicular flushing should occur within the same patient. This can be achieved by randomly allocating each patient's ovary to either single aspiration or follicular flushing, maintaining similar flow rates between the groups compared.
Given the importance of maximizing the number of oocytes retrieved from a given number of follicles developed, the conduction of properly designed RCTs evaluating follicular flushing is certainly required.
Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: visual outcomes, microbial spectrum and complications
Authors: Levin Hannah J. , Mehta Maitri S. , Storey Philip P. , Patel Samir N. , Kuley Brandon , Wibbelsman Turner D. , Obeid Anthony , Garg Sunir , Vander James , Dunn James P. , Ho Allen C. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to update visual outcomes, microbial spectrum and complications in eyes with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.

Recent findings
A single-institution, retrospective review of eyes treated for endophthalmitis following cataract surgery between 2 January 2014 and 10 January 2017. This study included 112 cases of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, 58 of which were culture-positive (51.8%). The most isolated organisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (56.9%). Oral flora were present in 17.2% of cases. At 6 months, 71.7% of patients achieved visual acuity of at least 20/200 and 51.7% achieved at least 20/40 or better. Visual acuity was better in culture-negative vs. culture-positive cases (∼20/290 vs. ∼20/80, P
= 0.03), and in nonoral flora-associated vs. oral flora-associated culture-positive cases (∼CF vs. ∼20/150, P
< 0.01).

Summary
Following postcataract surgery endophthalmitis, approximately 70% of eyes achieved vision of 20/200 or better and half achieved vision of 20/40 or better 6 months after treatment. Poor visual outcomes were seen in eyes with positive bacterial cultures and with oral flora.
Fibromyalgia patients with elevated levels of anti–satellite glia cell immunoglobulin G antibodies present with more severe symptoms
Authors: Krock Emerson , Morado-Urbina Carlos E. , Menezes Joana , Hunt Matthew A. , Sandström Angelica , Kadetoff Diana , Tour Jeanette , Verma Vivek , Kultima Kim , Haglund Lisbet , Meloto Carolina B. , Diatchenko Luda , Kosek Eva , Svensson Camilla I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransferring fibromyalgia patient immunoglobulin G (IgG) to mice induces pain-like behaviour, and fibromyalgia IgG binds mouse and human satellite glia cells (SGCs). These findings suggest that autoantibodies could be part of fibromyalgia pathology. However, it is unknown how frequently fibromyalgia patients have anti-SGC antibodies and how anti-SGC antibodies associate with disease severity. Here, we quantified serum or plasma anti-SGC IgG levels in 2 fibromyalgia cohorts from Sweden and Canada using an indirect immunofluorescence murine cell culture assay. Fibromyalgia serum IgG binding to human SGCs in human dorsal root ganglia tissue sections was also assessed by immunofluorescence. In the cell culture assay, anti-SGC IgG levels were increased in both fibromyalgia cohorts compared with control group. Elevated anti-SGC IgG was associated with higher levels of self-reported pain in both cohorts, and higher fibromyalgia impact questionnaire scores and increased pressure sensitivity in the Swedish cohort. Anti-SGC IgG levels were not associated with fibromyalgia duration. Swedish fibromyalgia (FM) patients were clustered into FM-severe and FM-mild groups, and the FM-severe group had elevated anti-SGC IgG compared with the FM-mild group and control group. Anti-SGC IgG levels detected in culture positively correlated with increased binding to human SGCs. Moreover, the FM-severe group had elevated IgG binding to human SGCs compared with the FM-mild and control groups. These results demonstrate that a subset of fibromyalgia patients have elevated levels of anti-SGC antibodies, and the antibodies are associated with more severe fibromyalgia symptoms. Screening fibromyalgia patients for anti-SGC antibodies could provide a path to personalized treatment options that target autoantibodies and autoantibody production.
The Effect of 2 Different Distraction Methods on Pain, Fear, and Anxiety Levels During Venous Blood Draw in Children in a Pediatric Emergency Unit
Authors: Akarsu Özlem , Semerci Remziye , Kılınç Derya 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Blood draw procedures can cause pain, fear, and anxiety in the pediatric population.

Purpose:
To compare the effects of watching cartoons either with virtual reality (VR) or via a tablet on pain, fear, and anxiety during venous blood draw procedures in children.

Methods:
A randomized controlled study was conducted with 159 children aged 5 to 12 years in the pediatric emergency unit. The 3 groups included cartoons with VR (n = 53) or a tablet (n = 53), and a control group (n = 53).

Results:
Children in the 2 intervention groups had lower perceptions of pain, fear, and anxiety, with those watching cartoons via VR having the lowest perceptions.

Conclusions:
Findings from this study showed a reduction in the perception of pain, fear, and anxiety in children who watched cartoons with VR or tablets during blood draw procedures. Nurses should consider using these nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain, fear, and anxiety, among pediatric patients.
Strategies to Address COVID-19 Vaccine and Pregnancy Myths
Authors: Berkowitz Heather E. , Vann Julie C. Jacobson 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses risks to pregnant women and their infants. The spread of misinformation about COVID-19 vaccination is a barrier to optimizing vaccination rates among women of childbearing age. We conducted an environmental scan to identify misinformation about COVID-19 vaccination, pregnancy, and fertility, and a review to identify evidence to refute misinformation and strategies to correct and prevent the spread of misinformation. Seven identified themes of misinformation are: the vaccine causes female infertility; can cause miscarriage; and can decrease male fertility; mRNA vaccines attack the placenta; pregnant and breastfeeding persons should not get the vaccine; the vaccine can change menstrual cycles; and vaccinated people can spread infertility symptoms to unvaccinated people. Strategies that can be implemented by social media platforms to help prevent misinformation spread and correct existing health misinformation include improving information regulation by modifying community standards, implementing surveillance algorithms, and applying warning labels to potentially misleading posts. Health services organizations and clinicians can implement health misinformation policies, directly recommend vaccinations, provide credible explanations and resources to debunk misinformation, educate patients and populations on spotting misinformation, and apply effective communication strategies. More research is needed to assess longer-term effects of vaccination among women of childbearing age to strengthen the defense against misinformation and to evaluate strategies that aim to prevent and correct misinformation spread about COVID-19 vaccinations.
Protecting Children's Health
Authors: McDermott-Levy Ruth , Pennea Emma , Moore Caroline 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Children are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Their lungs are developing, making children with asthma especially susceptible to temperature extremes, variations in precipitation, poor air quality, and changes in pollen and flora. Structural and social determinants of health, such as racism and poverty, that disproportionately affect children of color are linked to higher rates of asthma and negative effects of climate change. These factors lead to increased absences from school and social activities, loss of work for caregivers, and increased health care costs, thus negatively affecting children, their families, and the greater community. Nurses must support caregivers and children to link climate change to asthma care, be involved in health education; climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies; and develop the evidence to address climate change and asthma strategies. We address the impacts of climate change on children with asthma and nursing adaptation responses.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Visits as a Venue for Preexposure Prophylaxis Service Delivery Among Women in the United States: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Weigel Gabriela , Theva Meena , Hardy Erica , Wagner Stephen , Brown Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

Background
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV is disproportionately underprescribed to women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines identify a group of women at risk of HIV acquisition who should be offered PrEP, but opportunities remain to improve patient awareness of and provider counseling about PrEP and to expand service delivery of PrEP.

Methods
Using nationally representative data from the 2017–2019 National Survey of Family Growth, we compared women with (n = 689) and without (n = 5,452) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indications for PrEP on measures of PrEP awareness, counseling by a provider, and interaction with the health care system.

Results
Women with PrEP indications were no more likely to report awareness of PrEP (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–1.29) or PrEP counseling by a provider (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.77–2.27), compared with those without PrEP indications. However, women with PrEP indications were more likely than those without to report a birth control visit (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.39–2.38) or an abortion within the last 12 months (OR, 5.93; 95% CI, 1.48–23.73), and to currently use prescription contraception (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19–1.78). A majority of both groups reported accessing prenatal care within the last 12 months.

Conclusions
There remains a gap in PrEP awareness and counseling among women at highest risk for HIV acquisition. Sexual and reproductive health visits represent a logical and feasible venue for PrEP provision. Obstetrician-gynecologists and other family planning providers may be able to aid in service delivery innovations by providing PrEP alongside other sexual and reproductive health care.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Victimhood Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Lin Kaihao , Tan Zhimin , Li Jing , Cheng Weibin , Yang Yi , Jiang Hongbo 
Published: March 2023

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a concern among men who have sex with men (MSM), but less attention has been paid to the factors associated with this population in China.

Aims
We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with IPV victimhood among MSM in Guangzhou, China.

Methods
Men who have sex with men were recruited from May to November 2017, and data were collected using an anonymous electronic questionnaire. χ
2 Tests and nonconditional logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with IPV victimhood.

Results
A total of 129 in 976 MSM (13.22%) reported experiencing IPV victimhood. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who had condomless anal intercourse (CAI; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–2.17) or had sex with a female partner (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15–2.83) in the past 6 months were at a higher risk of IPV victimhood. Participants who had ever experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) were more likely to experience IPV (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32–2.94). Individuals who used rush poppers before sex had a higher risk of IPV (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21–2.63). In addition, ever having sex with a female sex partner (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.04–2.60), ever having used rush poppers before sex (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.22–2.64) in the past 6 months, and ever having experienced CSA (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.35–3.01) were associated with experiencing more types of IPV.

Conclusions
Intimate partner violence victimhood was relatively common among MSM in Guangzhou, particularly among those who had CAI, experienced CSA, had sex with a female partner, used rush poppers before sex, and with less education.
Postintubation Sedation Practices Within Multiple Emergency Departments Across a Large Pediatric Health Care Organization
Authors: Reiter Pamela D. , Bianchini Monica L. , Dietrich Scott , Soles Stephanie A. , Bacher Rachel S. , Finical Kristen L. , Peterson Eric , Neubrand Tara 
Published: March 2023

Objective
Children requiring rapid or standard sequence intubation are at risk of experiencing paralysis without adequate sedation when the duration of neuromuscular blockade exceeds the duration of sedation provided by the induction agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of appropriately timed postintubation sedation (PIS; defined as the administration of PIS before the clinical effects of the induction agent have dissipated) in patients requiring intubation across multiple emergency department/urgent care sites within a large pediatric health care organization.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients admitted to 1 of 6 affiliated pediatric emergency department or urgent care sites who were intubated with an induction agent and neuromuscular blocker between January 2016 and December 2021. Patients were excluded if they were intubated in the setting of status epilepticus or cardiac arrest. Stepwise logistic regression identified factors associated with appropriately timed PIS.

Results
A total of 283 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean age, 8 ± 7.6 years; 56% male). Two hundred thirty-eight patients (83%) received some form of PIS (105 [37%] received appropriately timed PIS and 133 [47%] received delayed PIS), and 45 patients (16%) received no PIS. The median time to receive PIS following administration of the induction agent was 21 minutes (interquartile range, 11–40 minutes). Patients induced with fentanyl were the least likely to receive PIS, whereas patients induced with etomidate were the most likely. However, because of the short duration of etomidate, most patients induced with etomidate failed to receive PIS in a timely manner.

Conclusions
Delayed PIS is common and may result in periods of ongoing paralysis without adequate sedation. Emergency department providers and pharmacists must recognize the brevity of some induction agents and provide more timely PIS.
Recent Trend of Using Computed Tomography to Diagnose Pediatric Appendicitis at the First Hospital Visit
Authors: Yoneyama Tetsuji , Sato Izumi , Nakashima Masayuki , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveWe recognize that computed tomography (CT) should not be used to diagnosis pediatric appendicitis due to radiation exposure. However, few studies have recently shown a trend in its use. This study aimed to investigate the annual use of CT for the diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis at the first hospital visit.MethodsThis was a descriptive study using nationwide claims data. We extracted the data of children younger than 15 years who underwent imaging tests to diagnose acute and suspected appendicitis at the first visit between January 2008 and September 2018. We summarized the patient characteristics and the percentage of CT, ultrasonography (US), or CT/US utilization by year, age, and department.ResultsWe identified 6658 children who underwent CT (2349 [35.8%]), US (53,57 [54.5%]), and CT/US (634 [9.7%]). The annual CT use dropped from 43.1% in 2012 to 29.4% in 2018. According to age group, the highest percentage of CT use in 2018 was 84.6% in preschool children, followed by adolescents (40.3%), upper-grade (26.0%), and lower-grade (15.0%) children. Data of annual CT use by department revealed that CT usage was much higher in internal and emergency medicine than in pediatrics. Furthermore, adolescents accounted for approximately 50% of CT use in internal medicine.ConclusionsThe percentage of CT use for pediatric appendicitis at the first visit declined annually. However, CT use still tended to be higher in preschool- and adolescent-aged children, or in departments other than pediatrics. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical benefits of CT use to diagnose pediatric appendicitis.
Association Between Racial Segregation and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates
Authors: Swietek Karen , Gianattasio Kan Z. , Henderson Shalanda , Khanna Saumya , Ubri Petry , Douglas Megan , Baltrus Peter , Freij Maysoun , Mack Dominic H. , Gaglioti Anne 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To examine the association between county-level Black-White residential segregation and COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Design:
Observational cross-sectional study using multivariable generalized linear models with state fixed effects to estimate the average marginal effects of segregation on vaccination rates.

Setting:
National analysis of county-level vaccination rates.

Main Outcome Measure:
County-level vaccination rates across the United States.

Results:
We found an overall positive association between county-level segregation and the proportion population fully vaccinated, with a 6.8, 11.3, and 12.8 percentage point increase in the proportion fully vaccinated by May 3, September 27, and December 6, 2021, respectively. Effects were muted after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Furthermore, in analyses including an interaction term between the county proportion of Black residents and the county dissimilarity index, the association between segregation and vaccination is positive in counties with a lower proportion of Black residents (ie, 5%) but negative in counties with the highest proportions of Black residents (ie, 70%).

Conclusions:
Findings highlight the importance of methodological decisions when modeling disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations. Researchers should consider mediating and moderating factors and examine interaction effects and stratified analyses taking racial group distributions into account. Results can inform policies around the prioritization of vaccine distribution and outreach.