bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Dynamics of Primary Production in the Southeastern Bering Sea Assessed Using Continuous Temporal and Vertical Dissolved Oxygen and Chlorophyll‐a Measurements
Authors: Nielsen Jens M. , Pelland Noel A. , Bell Shaun W. , Lomas Michael W. , Eisner Lisa B. , Stabeno Phyllis , Harpold Colleen , Stalin Scott , Mordy Calvin W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Bering Sea and other high‐latitude systems are experiencing unprecedented changes related to climate warming and the consequent loss of sea ice. Understanding how such changes influence primary production is a pressing question. Here, we quantify primary production rates in the southeastern Bering Sea over 4 years (2016–2019) at daily to weekly time resolution. A moored high‐resolution Profiling Crawler was used in combination with in situ sampling to collect physical and biological data in the ocean's upper 50 m. We used dissolved oxygen (O2) data to estimate gross and net primary production (NPP), and chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a), temperature, and irradiance data to model NPP rates. We then assessed seasonal variation in phytoplankton production rates, phytoplankton community growth rates () and explored to what extent summer phytoplankton community growth rates may be influenced by nitrogen limitation. Our analyses revealed that the majority of gross primary production (GPP) and net community production occurs in association with the spring phytoplankton bloom. After the bloom, the water column generally experienced low GPP and net biological carbon consumption. Phytoplankton growth rates were commonly suppressed in late summer due to apparent nitrogen depletion. Using high temporal resolution vertically resolved measurements of O2 and Chl‐a, our analyses provides important insight into how biogeochemical cycles, phytoplankton community growth rates, and carbon available for export vary seasonally in the southeastern Bering Sea.
Strong Anthropogenic Cloud Perturbations Can Persist for Multiple Days
Authors: Toll V. , Rahu J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing geostationary satellite data, we show that strong cloud perturbations downwind of isolated continental anthropogenic aerosol sources can live for multiple days, and 7% of tracks live longer than 48 hr. The median lifetime for polluted cloud tracks in Eastern Europe studied using Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager data is 18 hr but shows a strongly skewed distribution toward longer lifetimes. This suggests that ship‐track‐like cloud perturbations help infer causal relationships between aerosols and clouds. Strong anthropogenic cloud perturbations are usually visible until favorable liquid‐water low‐level clouds exist. Only in 12% of cases do liquid‐phase stratiform clouds persist, but tracks disappear. Longer‐lived tracks occur in anticyclonic conditions, and in case of statically very stable lower troposphere and low relative humidity above clouds.
Using the Global Navigation Satellite System and Precipitation Data to Establish the Propagation Characteristics of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhu Hai , Chen Kejie , Hu Shunqiang , Liu Junguo , Shi Haiyun , Wei Guoguang , Chai Haishan , Li Jiafeng , Wang Tan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnalyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics and evolution of meteorological and hydrological droughts can reproduce the process of drought propagation, which helps reduce the impact of droughts and improve water resources management. While emerging studies have attempted to build drought severity index based on the cutting‐edge space geodetic observations, few have focused the propagation characteristics of meteorological to hydrological drought using geodetic data. In this paper, using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations together with precipitation data, we systematically investigated drought propagation in the Yunnan province, Southwest China. We first identified seven meteorological and seven hydrological droughts in Yunnan from January 2011 to May 2021, and the meteorological drought was mainly concentrated in northern Yunnan lasting for 1–11 months. By contrast, hydrological droughts were more severe and larger than meteorological droughts, lasting for 2–16 months. The drought propagation time was 2–7 months, short in the southwest but long in the northeast. Water vapor, precipitation, and water storage demonstrated a spatiotemporal pattern of uneven distribution, with the red river fault (RRF) as the boundary, and their phase difference also presented notable regional differences, indicating that the RRF not only influences spatial variation of water resources but also affects drought propagation.
Assimilating Low‐Cost High‐Frequency Sensor Data in Watershed Water Quality Modeling: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Han Feng , Hu Zhaoping , Chen Nengwang , Wang Yao , Jiang Jiping , Zheng Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUncertainty reduction in watershed water quality (WWQ) modeling remains a major challenge. One important reason is the lack of sufficient available water quality observations because traditional laboratory analysis of water samples has high labor, financial and time costs. Low‐cost high‐frequency water quality data from in‐situ sensors provide an opportunity to solve this problem. However, long‐term sensing in complex natural environments usually suffers more significant errors. This study aimed to develop a novel method to utilize in‐situ sensor data in WWQ modeling, namely, the Bayesian calibration using multisource observations (BCMSO), which can simultaneously assimilate laboratory‐based observations and in‐situ sensor data. Both synthetic and real‐world cases of nitrate modeling were used to demonstrate the methodology, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was employed as the WWQ model. The results indicated that direct assimilation of sensor data using traditional Bayesian calibration generated obvious deviations in parameter inference and model simulation, which could consequently bias future predictions and affect management decision correctness. However, after proper treatment of errors in sensor data, the BCMSO method could extract meaningful information from sensor data and prevent negative impacts of errors. The modeling uncertainty was also greatly reduced. In the real‐world case, with 1 yr of subhourly electrical conductivity sensor data incorporated, the modeling uncertainty of nitrate concentration and management cost of controlling nitrate pollution were reduced by 70%. The BCMSO method provides a flexible framework to accommodate nonconventional observations in environmental modeling and can be easily extended to other modeling fields.
Sex and hypertensive organ damage: stroke
Authors: Dawson Jesse , MacDonald Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStroke is a common cause of death and disability in both men and women. Differences in the incidence, presenting features and outcome after stroke have been reported between men and women. The global lifetime risk of stroke of approximately 25% is similar in men and women, although in women, the first cardiovascular event is more likely to be stroke than in men. Concerningly, there are reports of underuse of some treatments in women, although these differences may be diminishing over time. In addition, there are specific clinical challenges that can arise in women with stroke, such as stroke in people taking hormonal therapy, and stroke during pregnancy and stroke in the post-partum period. This review will cover these areas highlighting important differences and areas for future research. We found there are important differences in incidence of stroke, which differ by age. Further, there is concerning evidence that some treatments such as intravenous thrombolysis are underused in women. While there may be some differences in the relative effectiveness of treatments such as antiplatelet therapy and blood pressure reduction between men and women, for most aspects of stroke care, benefit is clear in both men and women and the emphasis must be on more equitable access. There is limited evidence to inform decision making during pregnancy and the post-partum period, but guidelines now exist and further research is needed in these areas.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and the role of advanced practice providers and pharmacists
Authors: Mahmoudjafari Zahra , Alencar Maritza C. , Alexander Maurice D. , Johnson Darren J. , Yeh Jason , Evans Misty D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication. HSCT-TMA is often underdiagnosed due to multifactorial pathophysiology and a historic lack of standard diagnostic criteria. Identification of the multi-hit hypothesis and the key role of the complement system, particularly the lectin pathway of complement, has led to development of treatments targeting the underlying pathogenesis of HSCT-TMA. Additional research is ongoing to investigate the efficacy and safety of these targeted therapies in patients with HSCT-TMA. Advanced practice providers (APPs; nurse practitioners and physician assistants) and pharmacists are critical members of the multidisciplinary HSCT team and ensure management of patients throughout the continuum of care. Additionally, pharmacists and APPs can improve patient care through medication management of complex regimens; transplant education for patients, staff, and trainees; evidence-based protocol and clinical guideline development; assessment and reporting of transplant-related outcomes; and quality improvement initiatives to improve outcomes. Understanding the presentation, prognosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options for HSCT-TMA can improve each of these efforts.
A quantitative systems pharmacology model of the pathophysiology and treatment of COVID-19 predicts optimal timing of pharmacological interventions
Authors: Rao Rohit , Musante Cynthia J. , Allen Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of the pathogenesis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection can streamline and accelerate the development of novel medicines to treat COVID-19. Simulation of clinical trials allows in silico exploration of the uncertainties of clinical trial design and can rapidly inform their protocols. We previously published a preliminary model of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. To further our understanding of COVID-19 and treatment, we significantly updated the model by matching a curated dataset spanning viral load and immune responses in plasma and lung. We identified a population of parameter sets to generate heterogeneity in pathophysiology and treatment and tested this model against published reports from interventional SARS-CoV-2 targeting mAb and antiviral trials. Upon generation and selection of a virtual population, we match both the placebo and treated responses in viral load in these trials. We extended the model to predict the rate of hospitalization or death within a population. Via comparison of the in silico predictions with clinical data, we hypothesize that the immune response to virus is log-linear over a wide range of viral load. To validate this approach, we show the model matches a published subgroup analysis, sorted by baseline viral load, of patients treated with neutralizing Abs. By simulating intervention at different time points post infection, the model predicts efficacy is not sensitive to interventions within five days of symptom onset, but efficacy is dramatically reduced if more than five days pass post symptom onset prior to treatment.
Dabrafenib plus trametinib in BRAFV600E-mutated rare cancers: the phase 2 ROAR trial
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Kreitman Robert J. , Wainberg Zev A. , Gazzah Anas , Lassen Ulrik , Stein Alexander , Wen Patrick Y. , Dietrich Sascha , de Jonge Maja J. A. , Blay Jean-Yves , Italiano Antoine , Yonemori Kan , Cho Daniel C. , de Vos Filip Y. F. L. , Moreau Philippe , Fernandez Elena Elez , Schellens Jan H. M. , Zielinski Christoph C. , Redhu Suman , Boran Aislyn , Passos Vanessa Q. , Ilankumaran Palanichamy , Bang Yung-Jue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBRAFV600E alterations are prevalent across multiple tumors. Here we present final efficacy and safety results of a phase 2 basket trial of dabrafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor) plus trametinib (MEK inhibitor) in eight cohorts of patients with BRAFV600E-mutated advanced rare cancers: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n = 36), biliary tract cancer (n = 43), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1), adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (n = 3), low-grade glioma (n = 13), high-grade glioma (n = 45), hairy cell leukemia (n = 55) and multiple myeloma (n = 19). The primary endpoint of investigator-assessed overall response rate in these cohorts was 56%, 53%, 0%, 67%, 54%, 33%, 89% and 50%, respectively. Secondary endpoints were median duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Median DoR was 14.4 months, 8.9 months, not reached, 7.7 months, not reached, 31.2 months, not reached and 11.1 months, respectively. Median PFS was 6.7 months, 9.0 months, not reached, not evaluable, 9.5 months, 5.5 months, not evaluable and 6.3 months, respectively. Median OS was 14.5 months, 13.5 months, not reached, 21.8 months, not evaluable, 17.6 months, not evaluable and 33.9 months, respectively. The most frequent (≥20% of patients) treatment-related adverse events were pyrexia (40.8%), fatigue (25.7%), chills (25.7%), nausea (23.8%) and rash (20.4%). The encouraging tumor-agnostic activity of dabrafenib plus trametinib suggests that this could be a promising treatment approach for some patients with BRAFV600E-mutated advanced rare cancers. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02034110.
Fluid–structure interaction modelling of a positive-displacement Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Bornoff Joseph , Najar Azad , Fresiello Libera , Finocchiaro Thomas , Perkins Ina Laura , Gill Harinderjit , Cookson Andrew N. , Fraser Katharine H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor those suffering from end-stage biventricular heart failure, and where a heart transplantation is not a viable option, a Total Artificial Heart (TAH) can be used as a bridge to transplant device. The Realheart TAH is a four-chamber artificial heart that uses a positive-displacement pumping technique mimicking the native heart to produce pulsatile flow governed by a pair of bileaflet mechanical heart valves. The aim of this work was to create a method for simulating haemodynamics in positive-displacement blood pumps, using computational fluid dynamics with fluid–structure interaction to eliminate the need for pre-existing in vitro valve motion data, and then use it to investigate the performance of the Realheart TAH across a range of operating conditions. The device was simulated in Ansys Fluent for five cycles at pumping rates of 60, 80, 100 and 120 bpm and at stroke lengths of 19, 21, 23 and 25 mm. The moving components of the device were discretised using an overset meshing approach, a novel blended weak–strong coupling algorithm was used between fluid and structural solvers, and a custom variable time stepping scheme was used to maximise computational efficiency and accuracy. A two-element Windkessel model approximated a physiological pressure response at the outlet. The transient outflow volume flow rate and pressure results were compared against in vitro experiments using a hybrid cardiovascular simulator and showed good agreement, with maximum root mean square errors of 15% and 5% for the flow rates and pressures respectively. Ventricular washout was simulated and showed an increase as cardiac output increased, with a maximum value of 89% after four cycles at 120 bpm 25 mm. Shear stress distribution over time was also measured, showing that no more than $$4.5\times 10^{-4}$$

4.5
×

10

-
4

% of the total volume exceeded 150 Pa at a cardiac output of 7 L/min. This study showed this model to be both accurate and robust across a wide range of operating points, and will enable fast and effective future studies to be undertaken on current and future generations of the Realheart TAH.
The effects of age, size, and cage complexity on the behaviour of farmed female chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Łapiński Stanisław , Niedbała Piotr , Markowska Katarzyna , Rutkowska Agnieszka , Lis Marcin W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEven though chinchillas have been farmed for a century, there are not many studies concerning their behaviour in captivity or their optimal housing conditions, both of which are important factors in the assessment of their welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cage types on chinchillas’ behaviour and their reactions towards humans. Female chinchillas (n = 12) were kept in three types of cages: standard with a wire floor (S); standard with a deep litter floor of shavings (SR); and enlarged with a deep litter floor of shavings (LR). Animals spent 11 weeks in each type of cage. The chinchillas’ reactions toward humans were observed via intruder test. Ethograms were prepared based on round-the-clock video recordings. The activity of the chinchillas was compared, taking into account the different cage types and the animals’ varying responses to the hand test. The generalized ordered logistic regression model was used to ascertain whether cage type has an effect on a chinchilla’s behaviour towards humans. To compare the time distribution of various activity between chinchillas, the non-parametric Scheirer–Ray–Hare test was used. Animals kept in LR cages presented significantly less timid reactions in comparison to those kept in S and SR cages. The chinchillas spent most of their time resting (68% of the day), in locomotion (23%), and eating or drinking (8%); they spent only 1% on grooming behaviour. Cage enrichment generally reduced the fear of humans. However, the average chinchilla response to the hand test was classified in each type of cage as “cautious”. Analyses of the ethograms indicated that the chinchillas were active mostly during the dark stage of the day. In conclusion, the larger cage size and its enrichment (particularly litter) reduced the fearfulness and passivity of the animals, which could be evidence of better welfare conditions.
Charge transfer driving interfacial reconstructions in perovskite oxide heterostructures
Authors: Li Yao , Hou Pengxiang , Xi Zhongnan , Xu Yeming , Liu Yiren , Tian Hao , Li Jiayi , Yang Yurong , Deng Yu , Wu Di 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCharge transfer in perovskite oxide heterostructures could break the delicate balance among charge, spin, orbital and lattice order at the interface, producing exotic phenomena that cannot be observed in bulk materials. Here, opposite interfacial charge transfer directions are observed in SrIrO3/NdNiO3 and SrIrO3/LaNiO3 3d/5d perovskite heterostructures. This is accompanied with an inverse change of Ni eg orbital polarization and Ni-O pd hybridization across the interface, by stretching/compressing the out-of-plane Ni-O bond in the opposite internal electrical field due to the opposite electron transfer direction. These interfacial reconstructions finally bring about a manipulation on the transport and magnetic characteristics. This work reveals that A site cation in perovskite heterostructures could be a knob to control the interfacial charge transfer direction, and the 3d/5d perovskite interfaces are excellent platform to study the complex interplay between various order parameters and stimulate novel interfacial effects.
Perceptions and Lived Experiences of Arab American Parent Participants in LENA Start: Lessons for Parent Education Programs in Minoritized Communities
Authors: Khamis Reem , Khoshman Afaf Al , Salam Iman , Priefer Ryan , Hasan Sabah 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
This article investigates caregivers' perceived experience as part of the first implementation of LENA Start for Arab American families in New York City, with particular attention to the children's bilingual status as heritage speakers raised in marginalized communities within the United States.

Method:
A qualitative analysis of a semistructured focus group interview conducted with five Arab American mothers who participated in the program was conducted to explore parents' perception and experience of the program using Glaserian grounded theory analysis.

Results:
Parents reported more talking and reading with their children after participation, but the recorded data showed the changes were not significant. Parents reported that they benefited from the program by gaining a sense of belonging and embracing bilingualism while facing systemic barriers to passing on their heritage language. Parents as a group displayed a range of feelings including fear, trust, appreciation, motivation, and internalized supremacy of Western practices. They also engaged in a range of actions and commitments (i.e., self-reflection, self-growth, and progress) in association with the program. The components reported to be most critical were outside of the scope of the manualized program, such as service delivery in Arabic, a trusting and mutually respectful relationship, and attentiveness to sociopolitical and cultural factors.

Conclusion:
The findings highlight the need for a holistic analysis of parent educational programs in marginalized communities to include qualitative methods that engage with the social, political, and cultural realities of families.
A paclitaxel prodrug nanoparticles with glutathion/reactive oxygen species dual‐responsive and CD206 targeting to improve the anti‐tumour effect
Authors: Wang Changhai , Jiao Yuwen , Zhang Xinyu , Guo Mingxue , Zhang Qing , Hu Wenjun , Dong Shuang , Jakkree Tangthianchaichana , Lu Yang , Wang Jinling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a first‐line anticancer drug, paclitaxel has shortcomings, such as poor solubility and lack of tumour cell selectivity, which limit its further applications in clinical practice. Therefore, the authors aimed to utilise the characteristics of prodrug and nanotechnology to prepare a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH dual‐responsive targeted tumour prodrug nanoparticle Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX to improve the clinical application status of paclitaxel limitation. The characterisation of Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX was carried out through preparation. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on tumour cells and the effect on apoptosis of tumour cells were investigated by cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis. The ROS responsiveness of nanoparticles was investigated by detecting the ROS level of tumour cells. The tumour cell selectivity of the nanoparticles was further investigated by receptor affinity assay and cell uptake assay. The particle size of Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX was (132.90 ± 1.81) nm, the dispersion coefficient Polymer dispersity index was 0.13 ± 0.03, and the Zeta potential was (−8.65 ± 0.50) mV. The encapsulation rate was 95.46 ± 2.31% and the drug load was 13.65 ± 2.31%. The nanoparticles could significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of MCF‐7, HepG2, and MDA‐MB‐231 tumour cells. It has good ROS response characteristics and targeting. The targeted uptake mechanism is energy‐dependent and endocytosis is mediated by non‐clathrin, non‐caveolin, lipid raft/caveolin, and cyclooxygenase (COX)/caveolin with a certain concentration dependence and time dependence. Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX is a tumour microenvironment‐responsive nanoparticle that can actively target tumour cells. It restricts the release of PTX in normal tissues, enhances its selectivity to tumour cells, and has significant antitumour activity, which is expected to solve the current limitations of PTX use.