bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in New York: an EHR-Based Cohort Study from the RECOVER Program
Authors: Khullar Dhruv , Zhang Yongkang , Zang Chengxi , Xu Zhenxing , Wang Fei , Weiner Mark G. , Carton Thomas W. , Rothman Russell L. , Block Jason P. , Kaushal Rainu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Compared to white individuals, Black and Hispanic individuals have higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. Less is known about racial/ethnic differences in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Objective
Examine racial/ethnic differences in potential PASC symptoms and conditions among hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Design
Retrospective cohort study using data from electronic health records.

Participants
62,339 patients with COVID-19 and 247,881 patients without COVID-19 in New York City between March 2020 and October 2021.

Main Measures
New symptoms and conditions 31–180 days after COVID-19 diagnosis.

Key Results
The final study population included 29,331 white patients (47.1%), 12,638 Black patients (20.3%), and 20,370 Hispanic patients (32.7%) diagnosed with COVID-19. After adjusting for confounders, significant racial/ethnic differences in incident symptoms and conditions existed among both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. For example, 31–180 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, hospitalized Black patients had higher odds of being diagnosed with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50—2.56, q<0.001) and headaches (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11—2.08, q=0.02), compared to hospitalized white patients. Hospitalized Hispanic patients had higher odds of headaches (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.21—2.17, q=0.003) and dyspnea (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05—1.42, q=0.02), compared to hospitalized white patients. Among non-hospitalized patients, Black patients had higher odds of being diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.20—2.36, q=0.009) and diabetes (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.75—2.58, q<0.001), but lower odds of encephalopathy (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45—0.75, q<0.001), compared to white patients. Hispanic patients had higher odds of being diagnosed with headaches (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24—1.60, q<0.001) and chest pain (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35—1.67, q < 0.001), but lower odds of encephalopathy (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51—0.80, q<0.001).

Conclusions
Compared to white patients, patients from racial/ethnic minority groups had significantly different odds of developing potential PASC symptoms and conditions. Future research should examine the reasons for these differences.
Bariatric Surgery Efficiency, Safety and Health Outcomes in Government Versus Privately Funded Hospitals
Authors: Chadwick Chiara , Burton Paul R. , Brown Dianne , Holland Jennifer F. , Campbell Angus , Cottrell Jenifer , MacCormick Andrew D. , Caterson Ian , Brown Wendy A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to determine if the hospital efficiency, safety and health outcomes are equal in patients who receive bariatric surgery in government-funded hospitals (GFH) versus privately funded hospitals (PFH).

Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective observational study of prospectively maintained data from the Australia and New Zealand Bariatric Surgery Registry of 14,862 procedures (2134 GFH and 12,728 PFH) from 33 hospitals (8 GFH and 25 PFH) performed in Victoria, Australia, between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2020. Outcome measures included the difference in efficacy (weight loss, diabetes remission), safety (defined adverse event and complications) and efficiency (hospital length of stay) between the two health systems.

Results
GFH treated a higher risk patient group who were older by a mean (SD) 2.4 years (0.27), P < 0.001; had a mean 9.0 kg (0.6) greater weight at time of surgery, P < 0.001; and a higher prevalence of diabetes at day of surgery OR = 2.57 (CI95%2.29–2.89), P < 0.001. Despite these baseline differences, both GFH and PFH yielded near identical remission of diabetes which was stable up to 4 years post-operatively (57%). There was no statistically significant difference in defined adverse events between the GFH and PFH (OR = 1.24 (CI95% 0.93–1.67), P = 0.14). Both healthcare settings demonstrated that similar covariates affect length of stay (LOS) (diabetes, conversion bariatric procedures and defined adverse event); however, these covariates had a greater effect on LOS in GFH compared to PFH.

Conclusions
Bariatric surgery performed in GFH and PFH yields comparable health outcomes (metabolic and weight loss) and safety. There was a small but statistically significant increased LOS following bariatric surgery in GFH.

Graphical Abstract
Extract of Styrax japonica attenuates glutamate-induced apoptosis via regulating MAPK signaling pathway in HT22 hippocampal cells
Authors: Jeong Da Hye , Han Song-I , Kim Jae-Hoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo-thirds of people with dementia suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, and there is a need to develop treatments with fewer side effects. Cholinergic and glutamate-induced brain damage occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, so substances that suppress these symptoms may be potential candidates for the treatment. Ethanol extracts of 40 kinds of oriental medicine plants were examined whether they have acetylcholine esterase (Ache) inhibitory properties. We next investigated whether the ethanol extracts of six oriental medicine plants showing Ache inhibitory activity could inhibit glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. The ethanol extract of Styrax japonica (EESJ) was found to be relatively superior in both inhibitory activities. MTT and annexin V/PI staining assays confirmed that EESJ inhibited glutamate-induced apoptosis in the HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. EESJ also suppressed glutamate-mediated ROS production and attenuated the phosphorylation levels of MAPK members including ERK, JNK, and p38 kinases. Therefore, EESJ is a suitable candidate for developing a substance of Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
The retention of training doctors in the Irish health system
Authors: Pierse Tom , Morris Roisin , OToole Leah , Kinirons Brian , Staddon Eddie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
There is limited quantitative evidence on the migration patterns of training doctors in Ireland. The aim of this study is to estimate the number of trainee doctors leaving the Irish health system and the numbers returning.

Methods
This study uses administrative data to track the migration patterns of Irish trained doctors at various career stages.

Results
Eighty-four percent of interns who commenced intern training in 2015 subsequently commenced a basic specialist training (BST) or general practice (GP) training programme in subsequent years (2016–2021). Of those who completed BST training in 2017, 75% went on to higher specialist training (HST) in Ireland. In 2021, of the 2016 cohort of doctors awarded Certificates of Satisfactory Completion of Specialist Training (CSCST), 68% are employed in Ireland and 32% are abroad or unknown. Of the 2016 group that are abroad, the UK is the main country of practice. There are variations in the retention rate across disciplines; from the 2016 cohort, 52% of anaesthesiology CSCSTs were working in Ireland in 2021 compared to 88% of psychiatry CSCSTs.

Conclusion
Previous research has highlighted Irish doctor’s intentions to migrate and intentions to return to Ireland. This study documents for the first time the extent to which Irish doctors are leaving and returning to the Irish health system from 2015 to 2021. The paper also gives a picture of variations across medical disciplines and the location of emigration of qualified specialists.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: an Irish perspective
Authors: Brosnan Conor , Brennan David , Reid Conor , Power Sarah , O’Hare Alan , Brennan Paul , Thornton John , Crockett Matthew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic produced unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. These challenges were amplified in the setting of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion strokes given the time-sensitive nature of the procedure.

Aims
To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on service provision at the primary endovascular stroke centre in Ireland.

Methods
A retrospective review of the National Thrombectomy Service database was performed. All patients undergoing EVT from 1 January to 31 December inclusive of 2019 to 2021 were included. Patient demographics, functional outcomes and endovascular treatment time metrics were recorded.

Results
Data from 2019, 2020 and 2021 were extracted. Three hundred seven thrombectomies were performed in 2019 and 2020; this number increased to 327 in 2021. Median time from arrival to groin puncture for thrombectomy was 64 min in 2019, increasing to 65 min in 2020. In 2021, this decreased to 52 min. Median time taken from groin puncture to first perfusion remained stable from 2019 to 2021 years at 20 min. Total duration of emergency thrombectomies reduced from 32 min in 2019 to 27 min in 2020. This increased to 29 min in 2021.

Conclusions
Despite the myriad of challenges presented by the pandemic, service provision at the primary Irish ESC, and the referring hospitals, has proven to be robust. Procedural time metrics were maintained whilst the expected reduction in number of EVTs performed did not materialise, there actually being a significant increase in number of EVTs performed in the pandemic’s second year.
Copy Number Variation and Osteoporosis
Authors: Lovšin Nika 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on copy number variations and susceptibility to osteoporosis.

Recent Findings
Osteoporosis is highly influenced by genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs). The development and accessibility of whole genome sequencing methods has accelerated the study of CNVs and osteoporosis. Recent findings include mutations in novel genes and validation of previously known pathogenic CNVs in monogenic skeletal diseases. Identification of CNVs in genes previously associated with osteoporosis (e.g. RUNX2, COL1A2, and PLS3) has confirmed their importance in bone remodelling. This process has been associated also with the ETV1-DGKB, AGBL2, ATM, and GPR68 genes, identified by comparative genomic hybridisation microarray studies. Importantly, studies in patients with bone pathologies have associated bone disease with the long non-coding RNA LINC01260 and enhancer sequences residing in the HDAC9 gene.

Summary
Further functional investigation of genetic loci harbouring CNVs associated with skeletal phenotypes will reveal their role as molecular drivers of osteoporosis.
Relationship Between Dementia Knowledge and Occupational Strain Among Staff of Residential Facilities for Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Lea Emma , Robinson Andrew , Doherty Kathleen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWorking with people living with dementia in residential facilities for older adults can be challenging, and this is exacerbated when staff have a limited understanding of dementia. However, the relationship between knowledge of dementia and strain in caring for people with dementia among residential facility staff is unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between dementia knowledge and strain in caring for people with dementia. A questionnaire containing the Dementia Knowledge Assessment and Strain in Dementia Care Scales was administered in 2017 and 2019 to 141 staff in three southern Australian residential facilities for older adults. Bivariate and hierarchical regression analysis examined inter-scale relationships and the power of dementia strain to explain knowledge variance. It was found that staff had substantial gaps in dementia knowledge (mean score 32/50) and low strain in dementia care (mean score 4/16). A positive relationship was found between higher dementia knowledge and greater strain in dementia care (rs = 0.319, p < .001), particularly with feeling that residents are not receiving appropriate care from colleagues (Factor 1 Frustrated Empathy; rs = 0.392, p < .001). Frustrated Empathy explained a significant amount of variance in dementia knowledge beyond demographic variables. The findings suggest that more comprehensive dementia knowledge is associated with higher strain in care of people with dementia, particularly in the context of perceived lapses in the quality of care provided by colleagues. Arguably, organisational-wide dementia education to address identified gaps should be supported by facilitating staff enaction of their knowledge to improve care.
Effects of perspective switching and utilitarian thinking on moral judgments in a sacrificial dilemma among healthcare and non-healthcare students
Authors: Park Junsu , Shin Yongmin , Kim Seungmin , Maeng Seho , Ihm Jungjoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals have often faced moral challenges, which required them to choose between endorsing self- or other-sacrifice for the greater good. Drawing on the altruistic rationalization hypothesis and trait-activation theory, this study investigates (a) whether healthcare students’ endorsement of utilitarian solutions to sacrificial moral dilemmas varies when they are confronted with the minority group, majority group, or third-person perspective on the given dilemma and (b) whether individual differences in utilitarian thinking, as measured by the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (both instrumental harm and impartial beneficence), predict endorsement of utilitarian solutions to moral dilemmas. The study population was divided into a group of healthcare students and a group of non-healthcare students. It was found that the members of both groups expressed a stronger pro-utilitarian position when making moral dilemma judgments from a majority perspective than from the two other perspectives. However, a difference was observed with healthcare students being more reluctant to endorse the utilitarian action than their non-healthcare counterparts in the self-in-majority context. The instrumental harm component was a significant predictor of utilitarian judgments in the healthcare group, but impartial beneficence significantly predicted utilitarian judgments in the non-healthcare group in the self-in-majority context.
The Socio-Economic Status of Neighbourhoods and Access to Early Childhood Education
Authors: Baranyai Eszter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGood-quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) has been shown to benefit children from low socio-economic backgrounds the most, starting from a very early age. Yet in many countries ECEC usage by such children is lower than that of their more fortunate peers. We study inequalities in the availability and affordability of local ECEC services in Hungary across neighbourhoods of different socio-economic status because these factors have been found to be key for ECEC uptake in many settings. Hungary is an interesting case because the potential to reduce child poverty is high. We find that publicly-funded ECEC availability for children under age 3 is lower in poorer areas in Hungary even after controlling for proxies of demand, regional effects and the known issue of low ECEC density in smaller settlements. Formal ECEC through the private sector is also scarcer in poorer areas but we do not find evidence that it is less affordable than in richer areas using a stylised family affordability metric. Our study not only expands the geographical dimension of the literature but also adds particular value by studying the private-sector pricing of ECEC services in the context of demand unsatisfied by the public sector.
The Different Bases of the Meaning and of the Seeing-in Experiences
Authors: Calzavarini Fabrizio , Voltolini Alberto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are some complex experiences, such as the experiences that allow us to understand linguistic expressions and pictures respectively, which seem to be very similar. For they are stratified experiences in which, on top of grasping certain low-level properties, one also grasps some high-level semantic-like properties. Yet first of all, those similarities notwithstanding, a phenomenologically-based reflection shows that such experiences are different. For a meaning experience has a high-level fold, in which one grasps the relevant expression’s meaning, which is not perceptual, but is only based on a low-level perceptual fold that merely grasps that expression in its acoustically relevant properties. While a pictorial experience, a seeing-in experience, has two folds, the configurational and the recognitional fold, in which one respectively grasps the physical basis of a picture, its vehicle, and what the picture presents, its subject, that are both perceptual, insofar as they are intimately connected. For unlike a meaning experience, in a seeing-in experience one can perceptually read off the picture’s subject from the picture’s vehicle. Moreover, this phenomenological difference is neurologically implemented. For not only the cerebral areas that respectively implement such experiences are different, at least as far as the access to those experiences’ respective high-level content is concerned. As is shown by the fact that one can selectively be impaired in the area respectively implementing the meaning vs. the seeing-in experience without losing one’s pictorial vs. semantic competence respectively. But also, unlike meaning experiences, the area implementing the seeing-in experiential folds is perceptual as a whole. For not only a picture’s subject can be accessed earlier than an expression’s meaning, but also the neural underpinnings of such folds are located in the perceptual areas of the brain.
A new score system using data-driven approach to rank carbonate gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li Haitao , Pan Zhengyi , Chen Yanru , Yu Guo , Zhang Juan , Fang Yizhu , Zhang Li , Wang Jing , Sun Xianfei , Long Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the early stages of exploration, with only a limited amount of data available, it is difficult to evaluate a reservoir and optimize the sequence of the development plan. The score system is often used to rank the reservoir based on multidisciplinary factors that combine geology, production, and economics. However, current methods that are widely employed to classify the reservoir, such as analogy or single parameter, are qualitative or inaccurate, especially for carbonate gas reservoirs with complex geological conditions. In this study, we developed a score system using a data-driven approach to rank carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. We developed two approaches, expert scoring and the random forest, to rank the quality of the reservoir, which agreed well with the field development plan. The expert scoring approach, which is highly dependent on the experience of experts in this area, is more suitable for reservoirs with limited data available, especially in the early exploration stage. The random forest model, which is more robust and able to reduce uncertainty from experience, is more suitable for developed areas with sufficient data. The developed score system can help rank new resource recovery and optimize the development plan in the Sichuan Basin.
Antibacterial and antineoplastic MCF-7 and HePG-2 characteristics of the methanolic (80%) clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) extract
Authors: Mekky Alsayed E. , Emam Abdallah E. , Selim Mohammed N. , Abdelmouty Eslam S. , Khedr Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSyzygium aromaticum L. (S. aromaticum) used universally as a spice beside as one of classical Indian and Chinese medicine. It contains a variety of biologically active substances, one of them is eugenol which the main component, accounting for 81.1% of the clove oil. It used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial, antineoplastic, antiseptic, and analgesic agent. Previous studies reported its role within photochemical reactions and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and insecticidal properties, for that, eugenol listed as a promising candidate for the chemical scaffold for pharmaceuticals. The aim of the current study is evaluating of methanolic (80%) clove extract at room temperature in the sunlight (RS) and at low temperatures in the dark (DC) for their antibacterial and anticancer activity applied on different two cancer cell line types breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and hepato-carcinoma cell line type (HePG-2). The results evaluated that both (DC) and (RS) have antibacterial activity against five multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Extract (DC) of clove has a larger zone of inhibition against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, and E. coli, with diameter 13, 20, 20, 21, and 15 mm, respectively, with MICs and MBCs of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/ml for all isolates except S. aureus showed MIC at 12.5 mg/ml. On the other hand, extract (RS) exhibit zone of inhibition with diameter 17, 10, 15, 18, 17 mm, respectively, with MICs and MBCs of 12.5 mg/mL and 25 mg/ml for all isolates except S. aureus showed MIC at 25 mg/ml. Also, both (DC) and (RS) have cytotoxic activity against two cell lines with significant DNA fragmentation as an indicator of cell apoptosis. The cytotoxic concentration of (DC) with IC50 values for MCF-7 started at 250 µg/ml and reached 46.7% but was 500 and 1000 µg/ml. toxicity reached 100%. Cytotoxicity of (RS) against mcf7 was found to be 48.25% at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, reaching 100% toxicity at the above concentrations 1000 µg/ml. For the HepG-2 cell line, the cytotoxic activity of (DC) was significant at 50.5% at a concentration of 250 µg/ml, whereas RS showed cytotoxic activity at 500 µg/ml with a value of 17.3%. These therapies for cancer and bacterial infections are all-natural and eco-friendly.
An Air-Rechargeable Zn Battery Enabled by Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cathode
Authors: Shi Junjie , Mao Ke , Zhang Qixiang , Liu Zunyu , Long Fei , Wen Li , Hou Yixin , Li Xinliang , Ma Yanan , Yue Yang , Li Luying , Zhi Chunyi , Gao Yihua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelf-charging power systems collecting energy harvesting technology and batteries are attracting extensive attention. To solve the disadvantages of the traditional integrated system, such as highly dependent on energy supply and complex structure, an air-rechargeable Zn battery based on MoS2/PANI cathode is reported. Benefited from the excellent conductivity desolvation shield of PANI, the MoS2/PANI cathode exhibits ultra-high capacity (304.98 mAh g−1 in N2 and 351.25 mAh g−1 in air). In particular, this battery has the ability to collect, convert and store energy simultaneously by an air-rechargeable process of the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and O2 from air. The air-rechargeable Zn batteries display a high open-circuit voltage (1.15 V), an unforgettable discharge capacity (316.09 mAh g−1 and the air-rechargeable depth is 89.99%) and good air-recharging stability (291.22 mAh g−1 after 50 air recharging/galvanostatic current discharge cycle). Most importantly, both our quasi-solid zinc ion batteries and batteries modules have excellent performance and practicability. This work will provide a promising research direction for the material design and device assembly of the next-generation self-powered system.