bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Southern Ocean Under‐Ice Seasonality With a New Monthly Climatology
Authors: Yamazaki Kaihe , Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Phillips Helen Elizabeth , Nikurashin Maxim , Herraiz‐Borreguero Laura , Spence Paul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe advent of under‐ice profiling float and biologging techniques has enabled year‐round observation of the Southern Ocean and its Antarctic margin. These under‐ice data are often overlooked in widely used oceanographic datasets, despite their importance in understanding seasonality and its role in sea ice changes, water mass formation, and glacial melt. We develop a monthly climatology of the Southern Ocean (south of 40°S and above 2,000 m) using Data Interpolating Variational Analysis, which excels in multi‐dimensional interpolation and consistent handling of topography and horizontal advection. The climatology successfully captures thermohaline variability under sea ice, previously hard to obtain, and outperforms other observation‐based products and state estimate simulations in data fidelity, with smaller root‐mean‐square errors and biases. To demonstrate its multi‐purpose capability, we present a qualitative description of the seasonal variation, including (a) the surface mixed layer, (b) the water mass volume census, (c) the Antarctic Slope Front, and (d) shelf bottom waters. The circumpolar variation in the extent of dense shelf water—including its presence outside the four major formation sites—and the annual volume overturning that reaches deep waters are revealed for the first time. The present work offers a new monthly climatology of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic margin, which will be instrumental in investigating the seasonality and improving ocean models, thereby making valuable winter observations more accessible. We further highlight the quantitative significance of under‐ice data in reproducing ocean conditions, advocating for their increased use to achieve a better Southern Ocean observing system.
Global Warming and Equatorial Atlantic Paleoceanographic Changes During Early Eocene Carbon Cycle Perturbation V
Authors: Kegel Anne H. , Fokkema Chris D. , Brinkhuis Henk , Röhl Ursula , Westerhold Thomas , Agnini Claudia , Bijl Peter K. , Peterse Francien , Sluijs Appy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA series of transient global warming events (“hyperthermals”) in the early Eocene is marked by massive environmental and carbon cycle change. Among these events, the impacts of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (∼56 Ma), Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (∼54 Ma) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 3 (∼53 Ma) are relatively well documented. However, much less is known about the many subsequent hyperthermals that apparently occurred on orbital eccentricity maxima until at least the end of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; ∼53–49 Ma). Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 959 (Equatorial Atlantic Ocean), we report a large negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) in both organic and carbonate substrates that we correlate to the “V” event sensu Lauretano et al. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2016/0077 (or C22nH1 sensu Sexton et al. (2011), https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09826) at ∼49.7 Ma, following combined bio‐ and chemostratigraphic constraints. Through TEX86 paleothermometry, we reconstruct a sea surface temperature rise of 1.3–2.0°C associated with this CIE, which, combined with evidence for warming from the deep sea, implies that this event indeed represents a transient global‐scale warming episode like the earlier hyperthermals. Organic walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages indicate a productive paleoceanographic background setting, likely through regional upwelling, which alternated with episodes of stratification. Warming reconstructed across V at Site 959 is relatively similar to the higher‐latitude‐derived deep ocean reconstructions. However, the presence of upwelling and its variable intensity across the event compromises the use of the reconstructed warming as an estimate for the complete tropical band.
Dynamic transitions of initiator binding coordinate the replication of the two chromosomes in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Niault Théophile , Talavera Ariel , Le Cam Eric , Baconnais Sonia , Skovgaard Ole , Fournes Florian , Wagner Léa , Tamman Hedvig , Thompson Andrew , Echemendia-Blanco Dannele , Guzzi Noa , Garcia-Pino Abel , Mazel Didier , Val Marie-Eve 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe replication of the two chromosomes in the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae is coordinated by the binding of initiator protein RctB to a checkpoint sequence, crtS. Replication of crtS on the primary chromosome (Chr1) triggers replication of the secondary chromosome (Chr2), but the details are poorly understood. Here, we analyze RctB binding patterns in the V. cholerae genome across various cell cycle stages. We find that RctB primarily binds to sites inhibiting replication initiation at the Chr2 origin (ori2). This inhibitory effect is counteracted when crtS is replicated on Chr1, causing a shift in RctB binding to sites that activate replication at ori2. Structural analyzes indicate the formation of diverse oligomeric states of RctB, coupled to the allosteric effect of DNA, which determine ori2 accessibility. We propose a synchronization model where, upon replication, crtS locally destabilizes the RctB inhibition complex, releasing the Chr2 replication origin.
Unveiling the nexus between irradiation and phase reconstruction in tin-lead perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Wenbo , Li Zhe , Zhou Shun , Gou Yanzhuo , Li Guang , Li Jinghao , Wang Cheng , Zeng Yan , Yan Jiakai , Li Yan , Dai Wei , Rong Yaoguang , Ke Weijun , Wang Ti , Xu Hongxing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTin-lead perovskites provide an ideal bandgap for narrow-bandgap perovskites in all-perovskite tandem solar cells, fundamentally improving power conversion efficiency. However, light-induced degradation in ambient air is a major issue that can hinder the long-term operational stability of these devices. Understanding the specifics of what occurs during this pathway provides the direction for improving device stability. In this study, we investigate the long-term stability problem of tin-lead perovskites under irradiation, counterintuitively discovering an irreversible phase reconstruction process. In-situ photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to monitor the reconstruction process, which involves the reaction of oxygen with photoexcited electrons to form superoxide. It is proposed that Pb-rich regions appear on the surface after Sn2+ oxidation, and these Pb-rich regions are reconstituted from the yellow phase of formamidinium lead iodide to the black phase with prolonged irradiation. This study highlights the phase reconstruction process during the degradation of tin-lead perovskites, providing valuable insights into the superoxide degradation mechanism and guiding further stability improvements for narrow-bandgap tin-lead perovskites and tandem solar cells.
Particle exchange statistics beyond fermions and bosons
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Hazzard Kaden R. A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIt is commonly believed that there are only two types of particle exchange statistics in quantum mechanics, fermions and bosons, with the exception of anyons in two dimensions1–5. In principle, a second exception known as parastatistics, which extends outside two dimensions, has been considered6 but was believed to be physically equivalent to fermions and bosons7–9. Here we show that non-trivial parastatistics inequivalent to either fermions or bosons can exist in physical systems. These new types of identical particle obey generalized exclusion principles, leading to exotic free-particle thermodynamics distinct from any system of free fermions and bosons. We formulate our theory by developing a second quantization of paraparticles that naturally includes exactly solvable non-interacting theories and incorporates physical constraints such as locality. We then construct a family of exactly solvable quantum spin models in one and two dimensions, in which free paraparticles emerge as quasiparticle excitations, and their exchange statistics can be physically observed and are notably distinct from fermions and bosons. This demonstrates the possibility of a new type of quasiparticle in condensed matter systems and—more speculatively—the potential for previously unconsidered types of elementary particle.
Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model
Authors: Hollmann Noah , Müller Samuel , Purucker Lennart , Krishnakumar Arjun , Körfer Max , Hoo Shi Bin , Schirrmeister Robin Tibor , Hutter Frank 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTabular data, spreadsheets organized in rows and columns, are ubiquitous across scientific fields, from biomedicine to particle physics to economics and climate science1,2. The fundamental prediction task of filling in missing values of a label column based on the rest of the columns is essential for various applications as diverse as biomedical risk models, drug discovery and materials science. Although deep learning has revolutionized learning from raw data and led to numerous high-profile success stories3–5, gradient-boosted decision trees6–9 have dominated tabular data for the past 20 years. Here we present the Tabular Prior-data Fitted Network (TabPFN), a tabular foundation model that outperforms all previous methods on datasets with up to 10,000 samples by a wide margin, using substantially less training time. In 2.8 s, TabPFN outperforms an ensemble of the strongest baselines tuned for 4 h in a classification setting. As a generative transformer-based foundation model, this model also allows fine-tuning, data generation, density estimation and learning reusable embeddings. TabPFN is a learning algorithm that is itself learned across millions of synthetic datasets, demonstrating the power of this approach for algorithm development. By improving modelling abilities across diverse fields, TabPFN has the potential to accelerate scientific discovery and enhance important decision-making in various domains.
A rare PRIMER cell state in plant immunity
Authors: Nobori Tatsuya , Monell Alexander , Lee Travis A. , Sakata Yuka , Shirahama Shoma , Zhou Jingtian , Nery Joseph R. , Mine Akira , Ecker Joseph R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plants lack specialized and mobile immune cells. Consequently, any cell type that encounters pathogens must mount immune responses and communicate with surrounding cells for successful defence. However, the diversity, spatial organization and function of cellular immune states in pathogen-infected plants are poorly understood1. Here we infect Arabidopsis thaliana leaves with bacterial pathogens that trigger or supress immune responses and integrate time-resolved single-cell transcriptomic, epigenomic and spatial transcriptomic data to identify cell states. We describe cell-state-specific gene-regulatory logic that involves transcription factors, putative cis-regulatory elements and target genes associated with disease and immunity. We show that a rare cell population emerges at the nexus of immune-active hotspots, which we designate as primary immune responder (PRIMER) cells. PRIMER cells have non-canonical immune signatures, exemplified by the expression and genome accessibility of a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, GT-3A, which contributes to plant immunity against bacterial pathogens. PRIMER cells are surrounded by another cell state (bystander) that activates genes for long-distance cell-to-cell immune signalling. Together, our findings suggest that interactions between these cell states propagate immune responses across the leaf. Our molecularly defined single-cell spatiotemporal atlas provides functional and regulatory insights into immune cell states in plants.
Characterizing Grover search algorithm on large-scale superconducting quantum computers
Authors: AbuGhanem Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractQuantum computing is on the cusp of transforming the way we tackle complex problems, and the Grover search algorithm exemplifying its potential to revolutionize the search for unstructured large datasets, offering remarkable speedups over classical methods. Here, we report results for the implementation and characterization of a three-qubit Grover search algorithm using the state-of-the-art scalable quantum computing technology of superconducting quantum architectures. To delve into the algorithm’s scalability and performance metrics, our investigation spans the execution of the algorithm across all eight conceivable single-result oracles, alongside nine two-result oracles, employing IBM Quantum’s 127-qubit quantum computers. Moreover, we conduct five quantum state tomography experiments to precisely gauge the behavior and efficiency of our implemented algorithm under diverse conditions – ranging from noisy, noise-free environments to the complexities of real-world quantum hardware. By connecting theoretical concepts with real-world experiments, this study not only shed light on the potential of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers in facilitating large-scale database searches but also offer valuable insights into the practical application of the Grover search algorithm in real-world quantum computing applications.
A novel optimal design approach for bladeless wind turbines considering mechanical properties of composite materials used
Authors: Mohamed Zeinab , Soliman Moataz , Feteha Mohamed , Saber E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBladeless wind turbines face operational limitations due to the lock-in phenomenon. This study introduces two novel mechanisms for designing bladeless wind turbines to address this issue, enabling operation across a broad wind speed range from 2 to 10 m/s while ensuring that lock-in conditions are satisfied at any wind speed within this range. The study aims to maintain optimal performance without any decline that is observed in conventional bladeless wind turbines by controlling the turbine’s natural frequency through implementing these mechanisms, either by adjusting the effective length of the stand or by incorporating an additional mass in the hollow mast, or both. A mathematical model including dynamic analysis is constructed to adjust natural frequency to match the shedding frequency at the specified wind speed. Validation of our model shows high accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate that applying these mechanisms ensures the turbine is optimally designed across varying parameters. Findings reveal that for lower flexural modulus values, the first mechanism alone can achieve a 99.2% increase in mechanical efficiency at 7 m/s. For higher flexural modulus values, incorporating the second mechanism is essential to reduce the turbine’s overall size. This integrated approach improves efficiency with a 55.7% increase.
Effects of time-of-day on the noradrenaline, adrenaline, cortisol and blood lipidome response to an ice bath
Authors: Braunsperger Alexander , Bauer Maximilian , Brahim Chaima Ben , Seep Lea , Tischer Dominik , Peitzsch Mirko , Hasenauer Jan , Figueroa Sieglinde Hechenbichler , Worthmann Anna , Heeren Joerg , Dyar Kenneth A. , Koehler Karsten , Soriano-Arroquia Ana , Schönfelder Martin , Wackerhage Henning 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile the effect of time-of-day (morning versus evening) on hormones, lipids and lipolysis has been studied in relation to meals and exercise, there are no studies that have investigated the effects of time-of-day on ice bath induced hormone and lipidome responses. In this crossover-designed study, a group of six women and six men, 26 ± 5 years old, 176 ± 7 cm tall, weighing 75 ± 10 kg, and a BMI of 23 ± 2 kg/m2 had an ice bath (8–12 °C for 5 min) both in the morning and evening on separate days. Absence from intense physical exercise, nutrient intake and meal order was standardized in the 24 h prior the ice baths to account for confounders such as diet or exercise. We collected venous blood samples before and after (5 min and 30 min) the ice baths to measure hormones (noradrenaline, adrenaline, and cortisol) and lipid levels in plasma via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry shotgun lipidomics. We found that ice baths in the morning increase plasma fatty acids more than in the evening. Overall plasma lipid composition significantly differed in-between the morning and evening, and only in the morning ice bathing is accompanied by significantly increased plasma fatty acids from 5.1 ± 2.2% to 6.0 ± 2.4% (P = 0.029) 5 min after and to 6.3 ± 3.1% (P = 0.008) 30 min after. Noradrenaline was not affected by time-of-day and increased significantly immediately after the ice baths in the morning by 127 ± 2% (pre: 395 ± 158 pg/ml, post 5 min: 896 ± 562 pg/ml, P = 0.025) and in the evening by 144 ± 2% (pre: 385 ± 146 pg/ml, post 5 min: 937 ± 547 pg/ml, P = 0.015). Cortisol was generally higher in the morning than in the evening (pre: 179 ± 108 pg/ml versus 91 ± 59 pg/ml, P = 0.013; post 5 min: 222 ± 96 pg/ml versus 101 ± 52 pg/ml, P = 0.001; post 30 min: 190 ± 96 pg/ml versus 98 ± 54 pg/ml, P = 0.009). There was no difference in the hormonal and lipidome response to an ice bath between women and men. The main finding of the study was that noradrenaline, adrenaline, cortisol and plasma lipidome responses are similar after an ice bath in the morning and evening. However, ice baths in the morning increase plasma fatty acids more than in the evening.
The effect of mortality salience and early-life maternal care on neuroendocrine, autonomic, and psychological stress responses
Authors: Bentele Ulrike U. , Strobel Paula , Meier Maria , Benz Annika B. E. , Gaertner Raphaela J. , Klink Elea S. C. , Denk Bernadette F. , Dimitroff Stephanie J. , Unternaehrer Eva , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdverse early-life experiences alter the regulation of major stress systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Low early-life maternal care (MC) has repeatedly been related to blunted cortisol stress responses. Likewise, an acutely increased awareness of mortality (mortality salience [MS]) also has been shown to blunt cortisol responses. In this study we investigated the effects of early-life MC and a potential interaction with MS on HPA axis responsivity, as well as autonomic and subjective stress responses. Seventy-three women (Mage=21.56, SDage=2.85) with self-reported low (n = 30) or high (n = 43) early-life MC, underwent the Trier Social Stress Test for groups. Before, they were asked to briefly contemplate either death (mortality condition, n = 38) or sleep (control condition, n = 35). Salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, heart rate variability and subjective stress levels were assessed repeatedly. Multilevel mixed models confirmed an effect of MC on stress system regulation, indicated by blunted cortisol responses and overall reduced heart rate variability in low versus high MC individuals. Moreover, we found an interaction between MS and MC concerning subjective stress and autonomic measures. Specifically, low MC individuals in the control compared to the mortality condition showed both overall higher subjective stress levels, and less increase in heart rate variability following stress. These findings demonstrate the enduring impact of low early-life MC and the potential role of acute mortality primes on the regulation of stress systems in healthy women.
A Mixed Methods Evaluation of Implementation Outcomes of a Self-Regulation Strategy for Health Education: Perspectives of Clinicians and Older Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kemp Amy M. , O'Brien Katy H. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Effective self-management is key for older adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) to maintain their health, safety, and independence. Self-regulation is one method of promoting self-management. However, it is essential to examine effective methods of self-regulation interventions to maximize the use of such health promotion.

Method:
Forty-one older adults (19 with TBI; 22 without TBI) participated in an in-person or telepractice health education intervention for fall prevention with 15 speech-language pathology student clinicians. The intervention was a self-regulation strategy, mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII), for promoting fall prevention. This mixed methods study explored treatment adherence and evaluated implementation outcomes through acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, modifications to treatment, and therapist adherence and client participation.

Results:

All participants demonstrated some behavior change. Participants without TBI evaluated the MCII protocol as more acceptable,
F
(1, 39) = 5.88,
p
= .018; appropriate,
F
(1, 39) = 5.34,
p
= .023; and feasible,
F
(1, 39) = 9.56,
p
= .003, than participants with TBI, although all ratings were perceived as neutral or positive. From clinician data, protocol adherence,
F
(1, 39) = 1.57,
p =
.22, and client participation,
F
(1, 39) = 0.10,
p =
.92, were similar across injury groups, but participants with TBI required more fidelity-consistent modifications to treatment,
F
(1, 39) = 6.88,
p =
.012. There were no differences between settings except that those in telepractice had more client participation,
F
(1, 39) = 21.02,
p
< .001. Clinicians felt MCII was equally appropriate for both groups in all settings, acceptability:
F
(1, 48) = 0.082,
p
= .78; appropriateness:
F
(1, 48) = 0.554,
p
= .46; feasibility:
F
(1, 48) = 0.197,
p
= .66.

Conclusion:
MCII may be a feasible tool to provide health education as it offers enough structure and individualization to be considered appropriate and relevant for older adults, and for novice clinicians to administer and modify as needed based on client needs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28074443
Early Childhood Practitioners' Use of Language Facilitation Strategies During Informational Book Reading: Relation to Language Skills of Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Guo Ying , Breit Allison , Xie Yanli 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The primary aim of the study was to examine the association between early childhood practitioners' use of language facilitation strategies during interactive book reading of informational texts related to science and the language skills of preschool children with developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method:
Twenty-four practitioners (12 early childhood special education teachers and 12 speech-language pathologists) and 33 preschoolers with DLD participated. Practitioners received training and implemented an informational book-reading intervention for 19 weeks. Practitioners' use of language facilitation strategies (i.e., activating thinking by setting the informational text structure, asking target questions, asking inferential questions, and providing support) was coded using an observational tool. Children with DLD were assessed with a battery of language assessments at pre- and post-intervention.

Results:
Providing support significantly predicted the receptive academic vocabulary and receptive understanding of signal words of preschoolers with DLD. Practitioners asking target questions (direct questions related to targeted academic vocabulary and signal words) significantly predicted the receptive academic vocabulary of preschoolers with DLD. By contrast, these two types of language facilitation strategies were not related to expressive academic vocabulary or signal words. The other language facilitation strategies (i.e., activating thinking by setting the informational text structure and asking inferential questions) did not contribute to receptive or expressive academic vocabulary or signal words.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that asking direct questions and providing support may be effective mechanisms for supporting children's understanding of academic vocabulary and signal words during interactive book reading of informational texts.