bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY IN FISTULIZING CROHN'S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Dokmak Amr , Sweigart Benjamin , Orekondy Nayantara , Jangi Sushrut , Hamdeh Shadi , Weinstock Joel , Kochar Gusmiran , Shen Bo , Levy Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) delivers 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber, increasing tissue oxygen levels and regulating inflammatory pathways. Despite significant expansion of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapeutics, there remains a significant gap in achieving fistula healing. Mounting evidence suggests that HBOT may be effective for IBD. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy and safety of HBOT in fistulizing Crohn’s disease (CD).

METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using the EMBASE, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases according to PRISMA criteria. Study bias was assessed using the Cochrane handbook guidelines. Published articles and abstracts were included for analysis if they met study design criteria, evaluated HBOT efficacy in patients with fistulizing CD, and reported sufficient outcome data. Outcome data were considered sufficient when measured clinically, radiographically, and/or endoscopically. Randomized controlled trials, case-controlled studies, and case-series were included in the analysis. Our primary outcome of interest was overall clinical response with HBOT. Overall clinical response was defined as either clinical remission or partial response. Clinical remission was defined as closure of fistula and complete cessation of drainage. Partial response was defined as improvement in fistula drainage.

RESULTS
Sixteen studies with 164 patients who underwent 5,125 HBOT sessions were included in the analysis. For all fistula subtypes, the pooled overall clinical response was 87% (95% CI 0.70-0.95, I2=0) (Figure) and the pooled clinical remission was 59% (95% CI 0.35-0.80, I2=0). The overall clinical response was 89%, 84%, and 29% for perianal, enterocutaneous, and rectovaginal fistulas, respectively. (Table) On meta-regression, hours in the chamber and number of HBOT sessions were not found to correlate with a clinical response. The pooled number of adverse events was low at 51.7 per 10,000 HBOT sessions for all fistula types (95% CI 16.8-159.3, I2=0).

DISCUSSION
With a pooled overall clinical response rate of 87% and low adverse event rate, our review emphasizes the potential clinical benefit and safety of adjunctive HBOT in refractory cases of fistulizing CD. Rectovaginal fistulas were the fistula subtype least responsive to HBOT. Data limitations include study design heterogeneity and lack of control group presence. Randomized control trials are needed to substantiate the benefit of HBOT in fistulizing CD.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH QUIESCENT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Oliveira Diego Brandão , Carvalho Naiara Salgado , dos Anjos Gabriele Alves , Silva Genoile Oliveira Santana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The presence of symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission is very common, affecting approximately one third of this population, with a negative impact on quality of life. It’s pathophysiology is still unclear, and it may be due to a subclinical inflammatory activity of IBD or a superimposed “true” IBS. Understanding the origin of this condition can help with the management, reducing withdrawals and reducing the chances of mistakes in the therapeutic escalation.

AIMS
To understand the pathophysiology of IBS manifestations in patients with quiescent IBD.

METHODS
Narrative literature review, based on relevant scientific publications, systematic reviews and expert opinions when applicable.

DISCUSSION
Some manuscripts have shown higher levels of fecal calprotectin and TNF-α, supporting the hypothesis that symptoms are due to subclinical activity of IBD. Other data corroborate the theory that the two diseases coexist, such as the higher prevalence in female sex and in patients with mood disorders, even if they are in endoscopic and histologic remission. Contrary to this manichaeism, a third hypothesis emerges with an expanded pathophysiological spectrum, with complementary characteristics of both diseases, considering bowel permeability and differentiated immune activation, with typical cytokines of IBD and IBS, resulting in sensorimotor dysfunction of brain-gut axis.

CONCLUSION
Based on recent cellular and molecular studies, the hypothesis that unites the pathophysiological processes of the two diseases gains strength, where the intestinal damage caused by IBD, with loss of the epithelial barrier and microinflammation creates a favorable environment for the development of symptoms after symptoms of IBS triggers, such as stress, anxiety, and infections.
THE PRESENCE OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WHO ARE UNDERGOING ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP) WITH A CONCURRENT DIAGNOSIS OF IBD
Authors: Suga Herman , Chhoun Christopher , Patel Rahul , Blair Brian , Dasu Neethi , Khalid Yaser , Foster C Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing ERCP can be prone to having worse hospital outcomes due to certain comorbidities. There are limited studies that have examined the impact of cardiac arrhythmias on patients with IBD undergoing ERCP. The aim of our study was to identify the impact of cardiac arrhythmias on outcomes for this patient population.

METHODS
Patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of IBD, ERCP, and cardiac arrhythmias were identified from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), from the years 2015-2019, using ICD 10 codes. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of in-hospital mortality, the average length of hospital stay, and hospital charges, after adjusting for age, gender, race, primary insurance payer status, hospital type, and size (number of beds), hospital region, hospital teaching status, and other demographic characteristics. Weighted analysis utilizing Stata 17 MP was performed.

RESULTS
This study identified approximately 410,100 patients with IBD who underwent ERCP from the years 2015 to 2019. Of these patients, 2,115 had cardiac arrhythmias (atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular tachycardia). The mean age of patients was 57.62 years. The analysis revealed that mortality was increased (OR 5.70, p= 0.008, CI: 1.59- 20.44), but the differences in length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges (THC) were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) for patients with IBD undergoing ERCP compared to patients with IBD undergoing ERCP who had cardiac arrhythmias. Independent positive predictors of mortality, LOS, and increased total hospital charges were sepsis and acute kidney injury.

CONCLUSION(S)
Our study shows that patients with IBD undergoing ERCP, and cardiac arrhythmias increased mortality, but did not impact hospital LOS or total hospital charges. Based on our study results, patients with cardiac arrhythmias need closer monitoring and there needs to be a focus on better treating and controlling cardiac arrhythmias that may develop. Future studies should explore the impact of each type of cardiac arrhythmia on outcomes and then there can be further risk stratification based on the type of cardiac arrhythmia present.
PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AMISELIMOD, A SELECTIVE SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR MODULATOR, IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: RESULTS FROM A PHASE 1 STUDY
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lester Robert , Lowe Ezra , Franklin Howard , Israel Robert , Laitman Adam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Amiselimod is a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator in development for inflammatory bowel disease. It is converted to its active metabolite, amiselimod phosphate (amiselimod-P), and has a long half-life and slow accumulation to steady state. We evaluated a multiple-dose titration regimen to determine the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of amiselimod and amiselimod-P at steady state for the 0.4 mg QD therapeutic dose on day 13 and for the 0.8 mg QD supratherapeutic dose on day 26. We also investigated the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of amiselimod on absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs).

METHODS
A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, parallel study with a nested crossover design assessed amiselimod and amiselimod-P. Healthy adults received a single dose of placebo followed by oral amiselimod, which was upwardly titrated in doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg QD to rapidly achieve steady-state concentrations for the 0.4 mg QD and 0.8 mg QD doses within a 28-day treatment period. The PK parameters of amiselimod and amiselimod-P (on days 1, 13 and 26) included the geometric mean (geometric coefficient of variation percentage [CV%]) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), median (minimum, maximum) time to Cmax (Tmax), geometric mean (geometric CV%) area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and geometric mean (geometric CV%) AUC from time 0 to 23.5 hours postdose (AUC0-23.5). Multidose PD were evaluated by changes in ALCs.

RESULTS
The PK population included 95 amiselimod-treated participants and the PD population included 190 participants who received amiselimod or placebo. On day 13, the steady-state AUC and Cmax for amiselimod 0.4 mg QD increased by 10-fold for amiselimod and by 4-fold for amiselimod-P compared with day 1. On day 26, the steady-state AUC0-23.5 and Cmax for amiselimod 0.8 mg QD increased by 1.9-fold for amiselimod and by 1.8-fold for amiselimod-P compared with day 13. The median Tmax of plasma amiselimod and amiselimod-P were similar on all 3 days and were reached at 11 to 12 hours postdose for amiselimod and at 10 hours postdose for amiselimod-P. The mean ALCs for amiselimod exhibited a gradual decrease from predose (1.681 × 103/uL) to a nadir of 0.424 × 103/uL on day 27.

CONCLUSIONS
The abbreviated amiselimod dosing titration regimen reached steady state within 14 days for the therapeutic 0.4 mg QD regimen and within 26 days for the supratherapeutic 0.8 mg QD regimen; expected decreases in ALCs were observed following amiselimod.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL TREATMENT FOR REFRACTORY CROHN'S DISEASE
Authors: Rosenfeld Sam , Clark-Snustad Kindra , Kamp Kendra , Barahimi Mitra , Harper Jason , Jacobs Jeffrey , Lee Scott D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Medically refractory Crohn’s disease is a significant challenge with poor remission rates and limited medication options. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a small molecule immune suppressant, has mixed data to support its use in Crohn’s disease and has not been studied in refractory disease or biologic experienced patients.

AIMS
We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of off-label clinical MMF treatment for refractory Crohn’s disease as monotherapy or in combination with a biologic.

METHODS
We retrospectively assessed adverse events (AEs), clinical response (Harvey-Bradshaw Index, HBI), endoscopic response (Simple Endoscopic Score in Crohn’s Disease, SES-CD), and physician’s subjective assessment (scale of 0-3) over 52 weeks at a single medical system including an academic medical center and county hospital.

RESULTS
61 patients received MMF as monotherapy (n=41) or in combination with a biologic (n=20) between 2008 and 2021 at a dose ranging from 500 – 2000 mg BID. Median age was 39 years (range 19-69) and median disease duration was 11 years (range 2-54). All patients had failed one or more TNF-alpha antagonist; the median number of failed biologics was 4. Median duration of therapy was 27 weeks.
Of patients with requisite data, 14/27 (52%) achieved clinical response (HBI decreased by ≥3) after mean 24.2 weeks (SD 20.4). 6/27 (22%) achieved clinical remission (HBI ≤4). Endoscopic response (SES-CD reduction ≥50%) occurred in 7/26 patients (27%) after mean 43.5 weeks (SD 29.5). Endoscopic remission (SES-CD ≤3) occurred in 4/26 patients (15%) and endoscopic healing (SES-CD =0) in 2/26 patients (8%). Per physician’s subjective assessment, 17/51 patients (33%) achieved clinical response (score improved by ≥1), 16/51 (31%) achieved clinical remission (score of 0 or 1), 10/34 patients (29%) achieved endoscopic response and 9/34 patients (26%) achieved endoscopic remission. Table 1 shows clinical and endoscopic response separated by monotherapy or in combination with a biologic.
AEs were reported in 27/61 patients (44%); 16 on monotherapy and 11 on combination. Most common AEs were mild infection, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Nausea/vomiting and diarrhea led to early discontinuation for several patients. Serious adverse events occurred in 2/61 patients (pneumonia requiring hospitalization and SVT) both on monotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS
MMF appears well-tolerated and results in clinical and endoscopic benefit for some patients with refractory Crohn’s disease. This study is limited by uncontrolled, retrospective design and small numbers that were eligible for analysis. The results support additional prospective testing of MMF either as monotherapy or in combination with a biologic for patients with refractory Crohn’s disease.
Use of artificial intelligence for cancer clinical trial enrollment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Ronald , Midroni Julie , Kaur Jagdeep , Boldt Gabriel , Liu Geoffrey , Eng Lawson , Liu Fei-Fei , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Lock Michael , Raman Srinivas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) for cancer clinical trial enrollment and its predictive accuracy in identifying eligible patients for inclusion in such trials.MethodsDatabases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched until June 2022. Articles were included if they reported on AI actively being used in the clinical trial enrollment process. Narrative synthesis was conducted among all extracted data: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. For studies where the 2x2 contingency table could be calculated or supplied by authors, a meta-analysis to calculate summary statistics was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve model.ResultsTen articles reporting on more than 50 000 patients in 19 datasets were included. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity exceeded 80% in all but 1 dataset. Positive predictive value exceeded 80% in 5 of 17 datasets. Negative predictive value exceeded 80% in all datasets. Summary sensitivity was 90.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 70.9% to 97.4%); summary specificity was 99.3% (95% CI = 81.8% to 99.9%).ConclusionsAI demonstrated comparable, if not superior, performance to manual screening for patient enrollment into cancer clinical trials. As well, AI is highly efficient, requiring less time and human resources to screen patients. AI should be further investigated and implemented for patient recruitment into cancer clinical trials. Future research should validate the use of AI for clinical trials enrollment in less resource-rich regions and ensure broad inclusion for generalizability to all sexes, ages, and ethnicities.
The Case for Motivational Interviewing With Couples
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Sauermilch Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the approach to couples Motivational Interviewing that constitutes the primary subject matter of the text overall, as well as a rationale for its development in research focused on drug use and HIV-related outcomes among sexual minority men. Informed by interdependence theory, the approach here conceptualizes the couple in toto—rather than one partner within the couple—as the client. Dyadic functioning—satisfaction, commitment, and emotional investment—serves as a catalyst for change rather than a goal unto itself. This chapter situates this novel framework for couples Motivational Interviewing within the contest of prior research on Motivational Interviewing and couples therapy as well as drug use and sexual health interventions with sexual minority men.
The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing With Couples
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter positions Motivational Interviewing with couples in the larger context of client-centered practices in individual and couples therapy. The role of the counselor during a Motivational Interview with couples is understood as balancing two dialectics. The dialectic of focus refers to the extent to which the counselor attends to the individual partners versus the couple as a whole. The dialectic of activity refers to the extent to which the counselor assumes a stance of reflective observer versus serving as a moderator of the interactions between partners. The chapter culminates in a discussion of how the four traditional elements of Motivational Interviewing Spirit—empathy, evocation, collaboration, and compassion—are expressed within the context of a couple’s session.
Communication, Trust, and Power
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Doyle Kendell M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile their position in interdependence theory is relatively more implicit, communication, trust, and power are influential components of dyadic functioning. Together, they shape the way partners interact and make decisions together. This chapter provides an overview of relevant research on each of these topics and discusses how this work can expand and elaborate the application of interdependence theory to Motivational Interviewing. The chapter also reviews couples interventions that address these elements of relationship functioning and explores the potential for practice integration. Drawing on concepts, strategies, and procedures from such interventions provides a starting point for counselors who wish to help couples work toward goals like improving general communication, addressing deficits of trust, and sharing decision-making power more equitably. Special considerations and best practices for the screening and referral of couples experiencing intimate partner violence are also discussed.
Modelling kilonova afterglows: Effects of the thermal electron population and interaction with GRB outflows
Authors: Nedora Vsevolod , Dietrich Tim , Shibata Masaru , Pohl Martin , Crosato Menegazzi Ludovica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven an increasing number of gamma-ray bursts accompanied by potential kilonovae, there is a growing importance to advance modelling of kilonova afterglows. In this work, we investigate how the presence of two electron populations that follow a Maxwellian (thermal) and a power-law (non-thermal) distribution affect kilonova afterglow light curves. We employ semi-analytic afterglow model, PyBlastAfterglow. We consider kilonova ejecta profiles from ab-initio numerical relativity binary neutron star merger simulations, targeted to GW170817. We do not perform model selection. We find that the emission from thermal electrons dominates at early times. If the interstellar medium density is high (${\simeq }0.1\, \, \text{cm}^{-3}$), it adds an early time peak to the light curve. As ejecta decelerates, the spectral and temporal indexes change in a characteristic way that, if observed, can be used to reconstruct the ejecta velocity distribution. For the low interstellar medium density, inferred for GRB 170817A, the emission from the non-thermal electron population generally dominates. We also assess how kilonova afterglow light curves change if the interstellar medium has been partially removed and pre-accelerated by laterally expanding gamma-ray burst ejecta. For the latter, we consider properties informed by observations of GRB170817A. We find that the main effect is the emission suppression at early time ${\lesssim }10^{3}\,$ days, and at its maximum it reaches ${\sim }40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ when the fast tail of the kilonova ejecta moves subsonically through the wake of laterally spreading gamma-ray burst ejecta. The subsequent rebrightening, when these ejecta break through and shocks form, is very mild (${\lesssim }10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and may not be observable.
Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)
Authors: Hruska Jack P , Holmes Jesse , Oliveros Carl , Shakya Subir , Lavretsky Philip , McCracken Kevin G , Sheldon Frederick H , Moyle Robert G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thoroughly sampled and well-supported phylogenetic trees are essential to taxonomy and to guide studies of evolution and ecology. Despite extensive prior inquiry, a comprehensive tree of heron relationships (Aves: Ardeidae) has not yet been published. As a result, the classification of this family remains unstable, and their evolutionary history remains poorly studied. Here, we sample genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) of &gt;90% of extant species to estimate heron phylogeny using a combination of maximum likelihood, coalescent, and Bayesian inference methods. The UCE and mtDNA trees are mostly concordant with one another, providing a topology that resolves relationships among the 5 heron subfamilies and indicates that the genera Gorsachius, Botaurus, Ardea, and Ixobrychus are not monophyletic. We also present the first genetic data from the Forest Bittern Zonerodius heliosylus, an enigmatic species of New Guinea; our results suggest that it is a member of the genus Ardeola and not the Tigrisomatinae (tiger herons), as previously thought. Finally, we compare molecular rates between heron clades in the UCE tree with those in previously constructed mtDNA and DNA–DNA hybridization trees. We show that rate variation in the UCE tree corroborates rate patterns in the previously constructed trees—that bitterns (Ixobrychus and Botaurus) evolved comparatively faster, and some tiger herons (Tigrisoma) and the Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius) more slowly, than other heron taxa.
Sexuality, Youth Cultures, and the Persistence of the Double Standard in the Twentieth-Century United States
Authors: Syrett Nicholas L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Tracing the centrality of sexuality to twentieth-century American youth culture reveals changes in patterns of courtship. It shows that young men and women have incorporated necking, petting, and eventually sexual intercourse into the rituals of treating, dating, going steady, and hooking up. There is thus a general trend toward the loosening of restrictions and sexual liberation. Despite this, a significant minority of young men have persisted in framing sexual behavior through the lens of the double standard. Through this lens, women are punished for engaging in acts of premarital sex, the same acts that reward boys and young men via an enhancement of their masculinity.
Organ-izing Embodied Practices of Common(-ing) and Enfleshed Con-vivialities
Authors: Küpers Wendelin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Resonating with a (post-)phenomenological orientation, and based on a critical contextualization, this chapter explores the need, possibilities, and limitations for organizing the commons. This commons is understood as embodied, extended to practices of ‘commoning’ and enfleshed convivialities in relation to organization. All of these dimensions will be developed in relation to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the body and perception and his ontology of ‘flesh’ understood as elemental ‘carnality’ and formative reversible and chiasmic medium. Finally, some implications and perspectives on the tragicomedy of the commons are outlined.