bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifluid Simulations of Upper-chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection with Helium–Hydrogen Mixture
Authors: Wargnier Q. M. , Martínez-Sykora J. , Hansteen V. H. , De Pontieu B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Our understanding of magnetic reconnection (MR) under chromospheric conditions remains limited. Recent observations have demonstrated the important role of ion–neutral interactions in the dynamics of the chromosphere. Furthermore, the comparison between the spectral profiles and synthetic observations of reconnection events suggests that current MHD approaches appear to be inconsistent with observations. First, collisions and multithermal aspects of the plasma play a role in these regions. Second, hydrogen and helium ionization effects are relevant to the energy balance of the chromosphere. This work investigates the multifluid multispecies (MFMS) effects on MR in conditions representative of the upper chromosphere using the multifluid Ebysus code. We compare an MFMS approach based on a helium–hydrogen mixture with a two-fluid MHD model based on hydrogen only. The simulations of MR are performed in a Lundquist number regime high enough to develop plasmoids and instabilities. We study the evolution of the MR and compare the two approaches including the structure of the current sheet and plasmoids, the decoupling of the particles, the evolution of the heating mechanisms, and the composition. The presence of helium species leads to more efficient heating mechanisms than the two-fluid case. This scenario, which is out of reach of the two-fluid or single-fluid models, can reach transition region temperatures starting from upper-chromospheric thermodynamic conditions, representative of a quiet Sun scenario. The different dynamics between helium and hydrogen species could lead to chemical fractionation and, under certain conditions, enrichment of helium in the strongest outflows. This could be of significance for recent observations of helium enrichment in the solar wind in switchbacks and coronal mass ejections.
A new trapdoor spider of Cyclocosmia Ausserer, 1871 from southern China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)
Authors: Yu Kun , Li Changze , Zhang Shuyuan , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2023

The genus Cyclocosmia Ausserer, 1871 previously included ten species from North America and Asia, six of which have been recorded from China.
A new species, Cyclocosmia ruyi Yu & Zhang sp. n., is described and diagnosed, based on both sexes from Guangxi Province, China. Morphological characters for the early stages of juveniles of the new species are also provided.
Une géographie du recrutement des maîtres de conférences en France : trajectoires des candidats et spatialisation des recrutements
Authors: Alamel Alexis , Marega Oumar 
Published: April 2023

Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les réformes successives opérées dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche (ESR) ont transformé le paysage universitaire français. L’augmentation du nombre d’universités et d’antennes universitaires avait pour but de répondre à la massification du nombre d’étudiants qui s’élèvent à 2,7 millions en 2020, soit une hausse de 26 % entre 2000 et 2020. Toutefois, cette croissance du public estudiantin ne s’est pas nécessairement accompagnée d’une hausse du nombre de postes d’enseignants chercheurs (EC) titulaires. Se focalisant sur les sections 23 (géographie) et 24 (aménagement-urbanisme) du Conseil national des universités (CNU), cet article propose une lecture spatialisée du recrutement des maîtres de conférences (MCF) entre 2013 et 2020. En exploitant les données fournies par le wiki des sections 23 et 24, 200 recrutements sont analysés. L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en exergue les trajectoires (im-) mobiles des MCF recrutés, de proposer une géographie régionalisée et localisée des universités pourvoyeuses de futurs EC et de celles qui recrutent, et ceci dans un contexte de prise de poste de plus en plus tardive dans la carrière des individus. En conclusion, l’article élargit le débat sur la précarisation des postulants au corps de MCF en encourageant à l’étude des trajectoires individuelles et spatialisées de ces individus.
Une lettre inédite de Karl Marx à Jules Guesde sur la France, l’« Orient » et l’« Occident » (1879)
Authors: Ducange Jean-Numa 
Published: April 2023

Les marxismes de Chine sont très peu pris en considération en France. Cet article expose quelques hypothèses expliquant cet état de fait et rappelle l’importance de la référence marxiste en Chine à tous les niveaux, des plus hautes instances de l’État à des intellectuels plus ou moins isolés. L’article suggère également quelques pistes pour une analyse marxiste des réalités chinoises aujourd’hui, multiformes, qui empêchent de dresser un état des lieux schématique de l’évolution contemporaine du pays (Chine « capitaliste » ou « socialiste », etc.). Il suggère, au-delà du présent dossier, de poursuivre des recherches sur ces multiples dimensions.
Ernst Bloch : le philosophe marxiste dissident de la RDA
Authors: Münster Arno 
Published: April 2023

Converti au marxisme, en 1919, dans le sillage de György Lukacs, exilé, dès mars 1933, en fuyant le nazisme, en Suisse, en France, en République tchèque et finalement aux États-Unis (1938-1949), Ernst Bloch, auteur du Principe espérance , décide en février 1949 de retourner en Europe et d’accepter la chaire de professeur d’histoire de la philosophie que lui offrait l’Allemagne de l’Est, à l’université de Leipzig. Après avoir appuyé tout d’abord, dans ses conférences, non sans un certain enthousiasme, le projet de la « construction du socialisme », Ernst Bloch sera pourtant vite déçu de la politique des dirigeants de la RDA qui, comme Walter Ulbricht, étaient complètement alignés sur les positions de l’Union soviétique et imitaient, avec zèle, les méthodes staliniennes. Accusé de « révisionnisme » et de liens avec le groupe oppositionnel de W. Harich, préconisant une voie « allemande » et démocratique vers le socialisme, il sera interdit d’enseignement, dès avril 1957. Il quittera la RDA en août 1961, une semaine avant la construction du Mur de Berlin.
Aux sources de la marxologie : david riazanov et l’institut marx-engels
Authors: Dieuleveux Jean 
Published: April 2023

En s’appuyant sur l’historiographie russe la plus récente, cet article retrace le parcours de l’académicien soviétique David Riazanov, de son premier engagement aux côtés des populistes russes à son exécution lors des grandes purges. L’article se concentre principalement sur la contribution essentielle de Riazanov à la fondation de la « marxologie » scientifique à travers la création de l’Institut MarxEngels de Moscou en 1921. En présentant l’éditeur de la première MEGA tant comme un érudit marxiste respecté que comme un militant inflexible opposé à l’emprise de Staline sur le parti, l’article traite également des enjeux inhérents à toute recherche marxologique, comme la difficile articulation entre approche scientifique et impératif politique.
Du sens commun à son « noyau sain ». L’historicité du sens commun selon Gramsci
Authors: Rouquayrol Louis 
Published: April 2023

Gramsci avance, dans ses Cahiers de prison , un certain nombre de propositions sur le sens commun. À partir d’elles, on peut penser une méthode qui permettrait de construire une histoire du sens commun et une histoire de la philosophie comme pratique de transformation du sens commun. Cinq thèses, en particulier, sont examinées : 1) tous les hommes sont philosophes ; 2) l’histoire de la philosophie livre une histoire déformée du sens commun ; 3) le sens commun est affecté de différents niveaux de profondeur historique ; 4) il existe un noyau sain du sens commun (le bon sens) ; 5) la transformation du sens commun engage un processus moléculaire par lequel un individu s’élève à la conscience critique de ses propres manières de penser, de sentir et d’agir.
Quid après les lois de Moore et de Koomey ?
Authors: Mazauric Vincent , Auffèves Alexia , Ezratty Olivier , Ciliberto Sergio 
Published: April 2023

Pendant près de cinquante ans, les lois de Moore et de Koomey ont caractérisé les progrès continus des performances computationnelles des microprocesseurs, et accompagné – voire fondé – l’exceptionnelle croissance de l’industrie du semi-conducteur. Ainsi, les ordinateurs sont devenus de plus en plus petits et de moins en moins coûteux, tout en étant de plus en plus rapides et puissants, alimentant ainsi un perpétuel « effet rebond » du secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) qui n’est toujours pas arrivé à « satiété » ! Néanmoins, les fabricants de microprocesseurs se heurtent, depuis quelques années, aux limites physiques des hypothèses qui avaient permis de conjecturer la loi de Koomey. Si bien que l’avenir de l’industrie des semiconducteurs, et plus généralement du secteur des TIC, doit désormais se construire au-delà de la loi de Moore. Dans le même temps, la massification actuelle a conduit à identifier le secteur des TIC comme étant largement intensif en énergie électrique, et donc fortement émissif en CO 2 , mais aussi extractif en matériaux critiques, alors qu’il était perçu comme « immatériel » il y a encore quelques années de cela. Pour envisager le rôle que peuvent jouer les technologies de l’information et de la communication en tant que réponse aux enjeux du développement durable, il faut donc relativiser le concept de performance computationnelle et revenir au lien entre information et énergie, qui a été énoncé, y compris dans le contexte digital, bien avant la loi de Moore. Les lois de Moore et de Koomey n’apparaissent alors que comme des « sentiers » conjoncturels menant à la maturité thermodynamique, qui est mesurée par une tendance vers la réversibilité. Afin que le « data deluge » ne se transforme pas en « mur de l’énergie », d’autres paradigmes devront être envisagés pour accompagner les futurs défis à relever par un secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication engagé sur la voie de la soutenabilité.
L’expérience américaine. À propos de quelques Vierges romanes conservées aux États-Unis
Authors: Kargère Lucretia 
Published: April 2023

Cet article présente le résultat d’observations techniques et d’analyses scientifiques de sculptures romanes en bois polychromé dans les collections de musées aux États-Unis. Une étude approfondie de la polychromie originale de quatre sculptures du Metropolitan Museum of Art de New York sert de point de départ pour une meilleure connaissance des matériaux utilisés et de leur mise en œuvre à cette époque. Seront principalement présentées : la Vierge en majesté provenant des environs d’Autun ; la Vierge en majesté d’Auvergne dite Vierge Guennol ; la Vierge en majesté connue sous le nom de Vierge Morgan ; la Vierge en majesté dite de Montvianeix. Le raffinement des techniques sur les quatre sculptures allant de l’application de simples couleurs monochromes à des superpositions plus complexes de couches opaques et translucides à base de protéine ou d’huile, en passant par l’addition d’éléments en verre ou en métal, démontre la sophistication des œuvres étudiées. D’intérêt certain est l’identification de reliefs en étain et d’un colorant rouge issu d’un insecte, le Kerria lacca (Kerr), que l’on commence juste à découvrir sur des œuvres du xiie siècle. De surcroît, le rapprochement stylistique souvent évoqué entre la Vierge de Montvianeix et celle dite Morgan est confirmé par l’observation de procédés de fabrication communs, dont certains se retrouvent sur la Vierge de Heume-l’Église en Auvergne.
FLAIRR-Seq: A Method for Single-Molecule Resolution of Near Full-Length Antibody H Chain Repertoires
Authors: Ford Easton E , Tieri David , Rodriguez Oscar L , Francoeur Nancy J , Soto Juan , Kos Justin T , Peres Ayelet , Gibson William S , Silver Catherine A , Deikus Gintaras , Hudson Elizabeth , Woolley Cassandra R , Beckmann Noam , Charney Alexander , Mitchell Thomas C , Yaari Gur , Sebra Robert P , Watson Corey T , Smith Melissa L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Current Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) using short-read sequencing strategies resolve expressed Ab transcripts with limited resolution of the C region. In this article, we present the near-full-length AIRR-seq (FLAIRR-seq) method that uses targeted amplification by 5′ RACE, combined with single-molecule, real-time sequencing to generate highly accurate (99.99%) human Ab H chain transcripts. FLAIRR-seq was benchmarked by comparing H chain V (IGHV), D (IGHD), and J (IGHJ) gene usage, complementarity-determining region 3 length, and somatic hypermutation to matched datasets generated with standard 5′ RACE AIRR-seq using short-read sequencing and full-length isoform sequencing. Together, these data demonstrate robust FLAIRR-seq performance using RNA samples derived from PBMCs, purified B cells, and whole blood, which recapitulated results generated by commonly used methods, while additionally resolving H chain gene features not documented in IMGT at the time of submission. FLAIRR-seq data provide, for the first time, to our knowledge, simultaneous single-molecule characterization of IGHV, IGHD, IGHJ, and IGHC region genes and alleles, allele-resolved subisotype definition, and high-resolution identification of class switch recombination within a clonal lineage. In conjunction with genomic sequencing and genotyping of IGHC genes, FLAIRR-seq of the IgM and IgG repertoires from 10 individuals resulted in the identification of 32 unique IGHC alleles, 28 (87%) of which were previously uncharacterized. Together, these data demonstrate the capabilities of FLAIRR-seq to characterize IGHV, IGHD, IGHJ, and IGHC gene diversity for the most comprehensive view of bulk-expressed Ab repertoires to date.
Awareness and use of Maternal and Child Health-Care Services among People of Dagbadna Karu Local Government of Nasarawa State
Authors: Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Itula Maryjane 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim:
Maternal health care services are critical to reducing maternal fatalities and should be available throughout the health system due to their importance in ensuring safe motherhood and the overall well-being of families and communities. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the level of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) awareness and utilization among residents of Nasarrawa State’s Dagbadna Karu Local Government Area.

Materials and Methods:
Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample size (n = 286) for a descriptive cross-sectional study that ran from September 2022 to December 2022. Statistical Package Service Software (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to analyze the data, which included tables, percentages, and Chi-square test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance.

Results:
With a mean age of 29.6 years, 42% of the participants were between the ages of 33 and 38. In comparison, 255 of the participants (89.5%) were married, while 14 (4.9%) were unmarried. The most common level of education is secondary education, which is held by 111 respondents, or 38.8%. This study found a high level of awareness (196.6, 68.7%) but a low level of utilization of MCH Care Services (137.5, 48.1%). It also demonstrates that participants’ knowledge and utilization of maternal and child healthcare services are not significantly related (Chi-square (χ2)= 8.867, df = 1, P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
The primary goal of MCH Services remains to ensure that every woman maintains optimal health throughout pregnancy and puerperium, with a healthy mother and baby at the end of pregnancy, and to support the child’s health throughout infancy and childhood. As a result, this research suggests a strategy for increasing community participation and, ultimately, sustaining and improving the quality, usability, and accessibility of maternal health care services provided by government agencies in both rural and urban areas.
Efficacy Outcomes of Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in Therapeutic Window: Experience from a Single Institution
Authors: Chandra Amit , Raina Adnan Firdous , Wani Maqbool , Ganie Hilal , Dar Waseem , Yaqoob Arjimand , Asimi Ravouf 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim:
The World Health Organization estimated that 15 million people throughout the world suffer stroke every year. Only 5%–10% of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) are eligible for and receive thrombolytic therapy. This study was conducted to assess and compare the efficacy and safety profile of thrombolysis with tenecteplase (TNK) with that of alteplase among patients with AIS who were eligible for thrombolysis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based prospective observational study. All the patients who presented with AIS within the time window period of ≤4.5 h to ED of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, from September 2018 to March 2021, were screened for eligibility of thrombolysis by TNK. A total of 76 patients were enrolled; among which 42 were thrombolysed with TNK and 34 patients were thrombolysed with alteplase. These data were compared with departmental data of patients thrombolysed by alteplase during July 2015–July 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the study were as per the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for thrombolysis. Efficacy and safety were assessed and compared of the two drugs.

Results:
After 24 h of thrombolysis, early neurological improvement occurred in 62% of TNK patients compared to only 35% of patients from alteplase group, which was significant statistically (P < 0.05). An excellent functional outcome, defined as the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–1 at 3 months of discharge, was seen in 67.6% of TNK and 48.5% of alteplase group. A poor recovery, defined as the mRS of 4–6 at 3 months of follow-up, was seen in 16% and 21% in TNK and alteplase group patients, respectively.

Conclusion:
TNK appears to be characterized by a better safety and efficacy profile than alteplase; however, further multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm our preliminary findings.
The effect of dexmedetomidine on wake-up test quality when muscle relaxants are not used: A randomized control trial
Authors: Sultan Wesameldin A. , Afify Noha A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Stagnara wake-up test is a simple reproducible neuromonitoring method during spinal surgery which replaces the evoked potential monitoring in the absence of neuromonitoring facilities. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) effect on the intraoperative wake-up test is still unclear. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of DEX on the quality of wake-up test during spinal correction surgery.

Methods:
A randomized controlled study was carried out over 62 patients randomized into two equal groups planned for elective minimally invasive corrective spine surgery. Instead of atracurium administration in the control group, patients in the experimental group were administered titrated continuous intravenous infusion of DEX at a dose of 0.2–0.7 μg/kg/hour. Lidocaine 2% spray around the vocal cords was done in both the groups to facilitate toleration of the endotracheal tube.

Results:
The DEX group showed statistically significant longer duration and better quality of the wake-up test. Statistically significant better haemodynamic state, a lower amount of intraoperative sedatives and higher amount of intraoperative analgesics were also evident in the DEX group. The postoperative Ramsay sedation scale was significantly lower in the DEX group just after extubation.

Conclusion:
The DEX use has shown an improving effect on the wake-up test quality, with slightly prolonged wake-up time. The present work supports the use of DEX as an adjuvant drug alleviating the need for the neuromuscular blockade, inducing a better haemodynamic profile, exhibiting better sedation and improving the awakening condition.
Comparison of continuous erector spinae plane block and thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgaesia in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Sharma Lovepriya , Bhatia Pradeep , Mohammed Sadik , Sethi Priyanka , Chhabra Swati , Kumar Mritunjay 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is associated with significant postoperative pain for which many blocks including thoracic paravertebral (TPV) block are being used. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a recently described technique. We planned to compare the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided continuous ESP and TPV blocks for postoperative analgaesia following MRM.

Methods:
Sixty-six patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged 25–85 years, undergoing MRM were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups. Ipsilateral block was given preoperatively at T3 or T4 level with 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine and 50 μg fentanyl. Infusion of 0.5% and 0.2% ropivacaine with fentanyl 2 μg/ml at a rate of 5 ml/hr was continued during intraoperative and postoperative period, respectively. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) till 24 hours. Block performance time, time to first rescue analgaesia, total amount of rescue analgaesic consumed, the incidence of procedure-related and postoperative complications, failure rate and patient satisfaction score were also recorded. Data collected were analysed using the Chi-square test or Student’s t-test with the help of SPSS 22.0.

Results:
Demographics, baseline vitals, VAS scores both at rest and on movement, block performance time, time to first rescue analgaesia, the total amount of rescue analgaesia and patient satisfaction score were comparable in both groups (P value > 0.05). No complications were observed in either group.

Conclusion:
In patients undergoing MRM, continuous catheter technique ESP block is as efficacious and safe as TPV block for providing prolonged postoperative analgaesia.
Neck Circumference is Associated with General and Central Obesity in Young Indian Adults
Authors: Raju Aruna , Santhanakrishnan Niveatha , Sathiyaseelan Manikandan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Obesity has been a major concern due to its increasing prevalence and associated metabolic complications. Body mass index (BMI) assesses general obesity, but it does not distinguish between muscle and fat accumulations, so using only BMI can lead to an erroneous result. Waist circumference (WC), a marker of central obesity, predicted mortality risk better than BMI. However, WC can be affected by abdominal distension, is time-consuming, and may not be culture-sensitive. Neck circumference (NC) is devoid of these disadvantages and is believed to be an index of upper body fat distribution. This study aimed to assess the association of neck circumference with general and central obesity and to identify the cut-off points for evaluating obesity in young adults using NC.

Material and Methods:
Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were measured to determine BMI and waist-hip ratio. NC was measured at the level of the mid-cervical spine and mid-anterior neck in a standing position with the arms hanging freely. For males with a laryngeal prominence, NC was measured just below the prominence.

Results:
In total, 357 (170 male and 187 female) young, healthy Indian adults aged 18–25 participated. Neck circumference (NC) is significantly associated with BMI and WC in both genders. We found the best cut-off for male and female participants to be ≥34 cm and ≥30.5 cm, with a sensitivity of 88.3% and 84.4% for assessing obesity.

Conclusion:
NC may be a better alternative to BMI and WC as a marker to assess obesity since it is more practical, simple, inexpensive, time-saving, and less invasive.