bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parrhēsia
Authors: Fields Dana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The first-century CE orator Dio Chrysostom exemplifies the importance of classical Greek philosophy to the rhetorical culture of the early Roman Empire. In response to Platonic critiques of rhetoric, which paint it as untruthful and incapable of (or at least uninterested in) improving its hearers, Dio claims to provide a pedagogical form of oratory that is akin to medicine. In doing so he recuperates a philosophical rhetoric from within the corpus of Plato and takes up the mantle of Socrates (along with his successors, notably Diogenes of Sinope). Dio’s type of philosophical public speech is sometimes called “diatribe” by later commentators, though the term did not refer to a clearly defined subtype of rhetoric in his own time and he himself characterizes his oratory as frankness (parrhēsia). In speeches directed to audiences in Greek cities across the eastern half of the empire Dio offers self-described frank criticism, which he promises will enable his audiences to face their shortcomings and improve themselves, provided they are receptive to that advice. Such self-improvement is, he says, a necessary precondition for maintaining these cities’ limited independence within the larger empire and avoiding Roman military intervention. Dio’s orations thereby demonstrate the inseparability of philosophy, rhetoric, and politics within the decidedly Greco-Roman world he inhabited.
The Shape of the Tradition to Come
Authors: Cappello Orazio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As foundational texts in the establishment of a Roman tradition in philosophy, Cicero’s writings regularly attend to the question of how philosophy is to be done. These technical works show a sustained interest in the model they adopt to stage philosophical debate, drive the exchange to some satisfactory resolution, and, in so doing, meaningfully engage both performers and their audience. Surveying the treatment of the two key models Cicero draws on, this contribution studies Cicero’s reflections on the heritage of philosophical methodology from Socrates down to his time. The aim of these close readings is to suggest that more than a sidebar on the history of philosophy or a self-serving apology for Academic epistemology, these passages lay bare the foundation of Cicero’s philosophical project. As he (re)introduces this genre to a novice audience of his contemporaries, Cicero institutes Philosophy as a field of conflicts and counterpositions around select issues, determining what counts as philosophy and creating normative guidelines for how to practice it.
Persius on Stoic Poetics
Authors: Wiener Claudia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In his first satire, Persius combines literary criticism with the basic requirement of Stoic moral philosophy that every human action, including the poet’s activity and his relationship with the audience, must be directed toward an ethical purpose. The poets use their high technical level for the wrong purpose, because they are only out to make an external impression and stir up emotional effects on the audience. What can be taken as a feature of a Stoic poetics in the Neronian period is the continual invitation to the audience to form their own judgment. In Seneca’s tragedies and Lucan’s civil war epic, readers are constantly forced anew to question traditional values, to examine their moral standpoint, and to apply it to the situations that reveal the moral dilemmas of the protagonists.
Translation
Authors: Hoenig Christina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of Ancient-Greek-Latin translation on the transmission and transformation of Greek philosophical thought. It examines how four very different Roman authors—Cicero, Lucretius, Calcidius, and Apuleius—integrate their Greek source texts into a new linguistic, cultural, and intellectual environment: what parts of the Greek text are translated? Does the source text appear in a new genre? Are speaking parts assigned to a specific character, fictional or otherwise? Does the translation explicate, disambiguate, create new associations, connotations, semantic relations? From our discussion, translation emerges as a powerful tool in the negotiation of Ancient Greek and Roman intellectual heritage.
Epicurean Orthodoxy and Innovation
Authors: Gordon Pamela 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
New texts from Herculaneum and Oenoanda have changed the shape of Epicureanism. But an increased awareness of the creativity of later Epicurean figures and a growing recognition that much modern scholarship on Epicureanism reflects the ancient anti-Epicurean tradition championed by Cicero, Plutarch, and Seneca have also invigorated the field. This chapter on Roman receptions of Greek Epicureanism offers a brief survey, with attention to the question of whether there were developments in Epicureanism after the lifetime of Epicurus. But it also considers the possibility that Epicureanism offered an alternative to the values of the dominant culture and what might be called—in shorthand—Roman modes of masculinity. New cultural and political contexts gave Epicureanism new meanings, and not all practitioners responded in unison. The diversity of historical Epicureans that emerges from the pages of Cicero, like the diversity of Epicurean texts from the Republic and Empire belies the stereotype of the dogmatic and unimaginative Epicurean.
Sex
Authors: Lampe Kurt 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses a discourse by the Roman Stoic Musonius Rufus in order to think about how we can approach the topic of “sex and Roman philosophy.” The introduction argues that in both philosophy and popular usage today, the intensional domains of “sex,” “sexual desire,” and “sexuality” are vague and controversial. Therefore it experiments with three different approaches. The first derives from virtue ethics; it focuses on which partners, situations, or reasons for genital intercourse are consonant with virtue, conducive to happiness, and therefore choiceworthy for a Stoic. The second is Foucauldian; it situates the problem of genital intercourse against a larger problematic of self-knowing and self-cultivation. The third is psychoanalytic; it focuses on the libidinal dimensions of Musonius’s diction and style as he talks about intercourse. Each of these approaches tells us something about how “sex” operates in Musonius’s Roman philosophy.
Roman Presocratics
Authors: Garani Myrto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Given the fact that our reconstruction of the Presocratic doctrines and the access to their original meaning are intrinsically tied to Latin philosophical or philosophizing authors, this chapter focuses on three contemporaneous writers (Philodemus of Gadara, Lucretius, Cicero), in whose works can be identified some sort of a list of Presocratic philosophers. As far as the channels through which the Presocratics were first transferred to Rome are concerned, apart from the Presocratic texts that were available firsthand at least to Philodemus and Lucretius, the formation of so-called “Roman Presocratics,” i.e., the distorted image that Romans of the first century BCE had of their Presocratic predecessors, is heavily dependent both on the Hellenistic doxographical manuals, which were imbued with either Epicurean or Academic criticism, and the Hellenistic biographies of the Presocratics, as these are reflected in Diogenes Laertius’s Lives of Eminent Philosophers. In the process of integrating Presocratic wisdom into Roman thought, the discussion of the Presocratic doctrines is conditioned by prejudice, misapprehension, and deliberate misrepresentation. Provided that their Roman contemporaneous readers had limited independent access to the original Greek texts, it was through such a distorting lens that they first became acquainted with Presocratic ideas.
Reading Aristotle at Rome
Authors: Hatzimichali Myrto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is no reason to doubt that, after Sulla’s sack of Athens, a large collection of Aristotelian manuscripts was brought to Rome. They attracted commercial as well as scholarly attention from Tyrannio, a grammarian who was also active in Cicero’s library. It is far less likely that there was a “Roman edition” by Andronicus of Rhodes. Cicero himself must have been acquainted with a wide range of Aristotelian works; he deploys some of Aristotle’s teleological explanations in De natura deorum, and discusses the semidivine life of contemplation in De finibus. There is evidence for Cicero’s closer engagement with Aristotle’s views on rhetoric, in terms of dialectical training, the construction of arguments, and prose rhythm. In the Neronian period, Cornutus engaged critically and in detail with Aristotle’s Categories, a work that, on Quintilian’s evidence, appears to have been influential in rhetorical circles. Seneca also made use of Aristotle’s ideas about emotions, causes, and meteorology, often accessed through the lens of a long-standing and ongoing interpretative tradition. In the Antonine period, alongside Apuleius’s engagement with logic and science, Gellius offers evidence for the process by which the “esoteric” works were privileged as Aristotle’s “true” teaching, while the “exoteric” ones gradually fell to neglect.
Roman Quasity
Authors: Kaldellis Anthony 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Abstract: Scholars of ancient Rome have discussed, but not yet named, a legal move that operated in many domains of ancient Roman thought and practice, enabling the Romans to treat one thing as if (quasi) it were another. That maneuver is here baptized quasity and studied as a matrix of important aspects of Byzantine (east Roman) history and social practice. Specifically, it enabled the east Romans to treat Constantinople as if it were Rome; to venerate icons of Christ and the saints as if they were the holy figures that they depicted (but knowing that ontologically they were not); to create fictive kinship in legal, monastic, and religious relations; and to assimilate foreigners into Roman society.
Debate or Guidance? Cicero on Philosophy
Authors: Schofield Malcolm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cicero recognizes a tension between the needs of philosophy as guidance and the vigorous disagreement that is the lifeblood of philosophical debate. This chapter explores his handling of the problem in four of his political and ethical writings. First tackled is a remarkable passage from Book 1 of De legibus, where on fundamentals of public policy silencing of debate is advocated. Next comes a quick look at Book 3 of De republica, where by contrast Cicero stages a confrontation between two views on political justice. Then comes an examination of the complex differing attempts he makes in the Tusculan Disputations to harmonize conflicting philosophical positions in the service of ethical guidance for the individual. Finally, Cicero’s approach to individual guidance in a different literary genre is briefly considered, as exemplified by De officiis, where debate is alluded to but not conducted. Some concluding remarks round off the chapter.
Philosophers and Roman Friendship
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Cicero’s essay De amicitia (On Friendship), as the major Roman contribution to the topic. Cicero, through his mouthpiece, Laelius (the friend of Scipio), distinguishes between the view that friendship is desired on account of weakness and poverty, and an older and finer theory that holds that love (amor), etymologically related to friendship (amicitia), is the primary cause of goodwill. Laelius’s lecture is an attempt to adapt Stoic conceptions of virtue and the friendship of the wise to the political realities of Rome’s ruling class. But the problem with love is that it outpaces judgment and may result in loyalty to the wrong people and causes. This risk requires that limits be placed on the duties of a friend; yet constancy is a value in itself and may sanction some deviation from the true path, although how far is hard to determine. Exhortations to choose one’s friends carefully, like advice to break off friendships in such a way as not to generate rancor, are all well and good, but virtuous people, Laelius insists, are an extremely rare breed, and so no amount of circumspection is likely to safeguard one against unworthy friendships. Yet friends are indispensable for happiness, and nature itself has planted in human beings, as in other animals, the impulse to love others.
On the Balog–Ruzsa theorem in short intervals
Authors: Sun Yu-Chen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper we give a short interval version of the Balog–Ruzsa theorem concerning bounds for the L1 norm of the exponential sum over r-free numbers. In particular, when r = 2, for $H \geq N^{\frac{9}{17}+\epsilon}$, we have the lower bound result $$ \int_{\mathbb T}\left|\sum_{|n-N| \lt H} \mu^2(n)e(n \alpha)\right| d \alpha \gg H^{\frac{1}{3}}, $$ and for $H \geq N^{\frac{18}{29}+\epsilon}$, we have the upper bound result $$ \int_{\mathbb T}\left|\sum_{|n-N| \lt H} \mu^2(n)e(n \alpha)\right| d \alpha \ll H^{\frac{1}{3}}.$$ As an application, we show that the L1 norm of the exponential sum $\sum_{|n-N| \lt H} \mu(n)e(n \alpha)$ has the lower bound $\gg H^{\frac{1}{6}}$ when $H \geq N^{\frac{9}{17} + \varepsilon}$.
Shifting the sociometer: opioid receptor blockade lowers self-esteem
Authors: Tchalova Kristina , Beland Sophie , Chanda Mona Lisa , Levitin Daniel J , Bartz Jennifer A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the evolutionary importance of social ties for survival, humans are thought to have evolved psychobiological mechanisms to monitor and safeguard the status of their social bonds. At the psychological level, self-esteem is proposed to function as a gauge—‘sociometer’—reflecting one’s social belongingness status. At the biological level, endogenous opioids appear to be an important substrate for the hedonic signalling needed to regulate social behaviour. We investigated whether endogenous opioids may serve as the biological correlate of the sociometer. We administered 50 mg naltrexone (an opioid receptor antagonist) and placebo in a counterbalanced order to 26 male and female participants on two occasions ∼1 week apart. Participants reported lower levels of self-esteem—particularly self-liking—on the naltrexone (vs placebo) day. We also explored a potential behavioural consequence of naltrexone administration: attentional bias to accepting (smiling) faces—an early-stage perceptual process thought to maximize opportunities to restore social connection. Participants exhibited heightened attentional bias towards accepting faces on the naltrexone (vs placebo) day, which we interpret as an indicator of heightened social need under opioid receptor blockade. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of sociality as well as the relationship between adverse social conditions, low self-esteem and psychopathology.
Coreference Delays in Psychotic Discourse: Widening the Temporal Window
Authors: Palominos Claudio , Figueroa-Barra Alicia , Hinzen Wolfram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisAny form of coherent discourse depends on saying different things about the same entities at different times. Such recurrent references to the same entity need to predictably happen within certain temporal windows. We hypothesized that a failure of control over reference in speakers with schizophrenia (Sz) would become manifest through dynamic temporal measures.Study DesignConversational speech with a mean of 909.2 words (SD: 178.4) from 20 Chilean Spanish speakers with chronic Sz, 20 speakers at clinical high risk (CHR), and 20 controls were collected. Using directed speech graphs with referential noun phrases (NPs) as nodes, we studied deviances in the topology and temporal distribution of such NPs and of the entities they denote over narrative time.Study ResultsThe Sz group had a larger density of NPs (number of NPs divided by total words) relative to both controls and CHR. This related to topological measures of distance between recurrent entities, which revealed that the Sz group produced more recurrences, as well as greater topological distances between them, relative to controls. A logistic regression using five topological measures showed that Sz and controls can be distinguished with 84.2% accuracy.ConclusionsThis pattern indicates a widening of the temporal window in which entities are maintained in discourse and co-referenced in it. It substantiates and extends earlier evidence for deficits in the cognitive control over linguistic reference in psychotic discourse and informs both neurocognitive models of language in Sz and machine learning-based linguistic classifiers of psychotic speech.
Latent Factors of Language Disturbance and Relationships to Quantitative Speech Features
Authors: Tang Sunny X , Hänsel Katrin , Cong Yan , Nikzad Amir H , Mehta Aarush , Cho Sunghye , Berretta Sarah , Behbehani Leily , Pradhan Sameer , John Majnu , Liberman Mark Y 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Quantitative acoustic and textual measures derived from speech (“speech features”) may provide valuable biomarkers for psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We sought to identify cross-diagnostic latent factors for speech disturbance with relevance for SSD and computational modeling.

Study Design
Clinical ratings for speech disturbance were generated across 14 items for a cross-diagnostic sample (N = 343), including SSD (n = 90). Speech features were quantified using an automated pipeline for brief recorded samples of free speech. Factor models for the clinical ratings were generated using exploratory factor analysis, then tested with confirmatory factor analysis in the cross-diagnostic and SSD groups. The relationships between factor scores and computational speech features were examined for 202 of the participants.

Study Results
We found a 3-factor model with a good fit in the cross-diagnostic group and an acceptable fit for the SSD subsample. The model identifies an impaired expressivity factor and 2 interrelated disorganized factors for inefficient and incoherent speech. Incoherent speech was specific to psychosis groups, while inefficient speech and impaired expressivity showed intermediate effects in people with nonpsychotic disorders. Each of the 3 factors had significant and distinct relationships with speech features, which differed for the cross-diagnostic v.s. SSD groups.

Conclusions
We report a cross-diagnostic 3-factor model for speech disturbance which is supported by good statistical measures, intuitive, applicable to SSD, and relatable to linguistic theories. It provides a valuable framework for understanding speech disturbance and appropriate targets for modeling with quantitative speech features.
Intraoperative Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Growth and Maximum Amplitudes in Hearing Preservation Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Mussoi Bruna S. , Woodson Erika , Sydlowski Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Background
Electrically evoked compound action potentials (eCAPs) obtained from cochlear implant (CI) recipients reflect responsiveness of the auditory nerve to electrical stimulation. The recent use of atraumatic electrode arrays and expansion of CI candidacy to listeners with greater residual hearing may lead to increased clinical utility of intraoperative eCAP recordings.

Objectives
To examine the effect of electrode array (slim modiolar versus slim straight) on suprathreshold intraoperative eCAP recordings in hearing preservation CI recipients. A secondary goal was to examine potential clinical applications of intraoperative eCAPs for predicting immediate hearing preservation and speech perception outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective study of 113 adult hearing preservation CI candidates implanted from 2015 to 2019 with either a slim modiolar or slim straight electrode array. Intraoperative eCAP growth functions and maximum amplitudes were obtained at several intracochlear electrodes and examined as a function of implanted array and hearing preservation status, while controlling for electrode impedance.

Results
From basal to apical electrodes, progressively larger eCAP amplitudes and steeper slopes were recorded. Steeper eCAP slopes at apical electrodes were also seen for recipients of the slim modiolar array (versus slim straight). Suprathreshold eCAP responses did not differ as a function of hearing preservation and were not associated with speech recognition.

Conclusions
More robust eCAP responses were obtained from apical electrodes, which is consistent with better low-frequency thresholds in hearing preservation recipients. This effect was compounded by type of electrode array. Results also suggest that intraoperative, suprathreshold eCAPs cannot be used to predict the success of hearing preservation surgery or performance with the CI.
Staffing Local Health Departments in Minnesota—Needs, Priorities, and Concerns
Authors: Karnik Harshada , Oldfield-Tabbert Kari , Kirkland Chelsey , Orr Jason M. , Leider Jonathon P. 
Published: March 2023

Context:
The roles and responsibilities of local health departments (LHDs), as well as the hiring challenges they face, have changed since the pandemic started.

Objectives:
To explore (1) staffing needs and priorities of LHDs in Minnesota, and (2) financial and community-level factors impeding health departments from maintaining optimal staffing.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
A cross-sectional online survey was administered via Qualtrics in July 2022 to city and county health departments in Minnesota (97% participation rate). It included both open- and close-ended questions concerning staffing needs and priorities of LHDs and challenges to hiring after the pandemic started.

Results:
Staffing priorities of LHDs included public health nurses, community health workers, and health planners/researchers/analysts. Hiring concerns included creating new permanent positions, offering competitive salaries, and filling open positions. Inadequate funds made it difficult to create new permanent positions and offer competitive salaries. External factors such as lack of affordable or reliable childcare, housing, and transportation also contributed to hiring challenges.

Conclusions:
There is a need to increase staffing levels of the Minnesota public health enterprise by filling vacant positions and creating new positions. Increasing the public health workforce requires adequate sustainable funding along with creative solutions.