bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The frequency of sarcopenia has increased in patients with glomerulonephritis
Authors: Isiktas Okay , Guzel Fatma Betul , Ozturk Ilyas , Topal Kenan , Sahin Murat , Altunoren Orcun , Gungor Ozkan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimSarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, and its frequency increases in kidney patients. However, sarcopenia frequency in patients with glomerulonephritis is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with glomerulonephritis and compare the results with the healthy population for the first time in the literature.Patients and MethodsA total of 110 participants, including 70 patients previously diagnosed with glomerulonephritis and 40 healthy individuals, were included in the study. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made based on the EWSGOP 2 Criteria.ResultsThe mean age of the glomerulonephritis patients group was 39.3 ± 1.5. In the anthropometric measurements of the patients, walking speed was low in 50 patients (71.4%), muscle strength was decreased in 44 patients (62.9%), and sarcopenia was detected in 10 patients (14.3%) according to the EWGSOP 2 Criteria. Considering the anthropometric measurements of the control group, sarcopenia was not detected in any of the subjects according to the EWGSOP 2 Criteria.ConclusionThe result of the present study revealed that the rate of sarcopenia was significantly higher in glomerulonephritis patients compared to the healthy population and that sarcopenia can also be observed even in middle age in this population. We think it would be beneficial for clinicians treating glomerulonephritis to be more careful regarding sarcopenia and keep these parameters in mind during treatment.
Doxorubicin inhibits phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and confers broad‐spectrum antifungal activity
Authors: Zhou Yaru , Zhao Juan , Yang Lei , Bi Ruiqing , Qin Ziting , Sun Peng , Li Renjian , Zhao Mengfei , Wang Yin , Chen Guang , Wan Hu , Zheng Lu , Chen Xiao‐Lin , Wang Guanghui , Li Qiang , Li Guotian 
Published: May 2023

Summary

As phospholipids of cell membranes, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) play crucial roles in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Broadly, some phospholipid biosynthesis enzymes serve as potential fungicide targets. Therefore, revealing the functions and mechanism of PE biosynthesis in plant pathogens would provide potential targets for crop disease control.

We performed analyses including phenotypic characterizations, lipidomics, enzyme activity, site‐directed mutagenesis, and chemical inhibition assays to study the function of PS decarboxylase‐encoding gene MoPSD2 in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

The Mopsd2 mutant was defective in development, lipid metabolism, and plant infection. The PS level increased while PE decreased in Mopsd2, consistent with the enzyme activity. Furthermore, chemical doxorubicin inhibited the enzyme activity of MoPsd2 and showed antifungal activity against 10 phytopathogenic fungi including M. oryzae and reduced disease severity of two crop diseases in the field. Three predicted doxorubicin‐interacting residues are important for MoPsd2 functions.

Our study demonstrates that MoPsd2 is involved in de novo PE biosynthesis and contributes to the development and plant infection of M. oryzae and that doxorubicin shows broad‐spectrum antifungal activity as a fungicide candidate. The study also implicates that bacterium Streptomyces peucetius, which biosynthesizes doxorubicin, could be potentially used as an eco‐friendly biocontrol agent.
A framework for the assessment of alternative uses in international water law
Authors: Zheng Chenjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn establishing an equitable and reasonable use of a transboundary watercourse, States are to take into consideration a variety of factors, including the availability of alternative uses. This article seeks to provide a framework for assessing such alternative uses by first exploring treaty practice and relevant cases across the fields of international environmental law and international water law. Three key components are identified: comparable feasibility, practicality and cost‐effectiveness of alternatives. These components are then explored through a case study of Central Asian transboundary waters. The results demonstrate that the use of alternatives after analysing key components would help reduce the hidden cost of low efficiency and assist in finding optimal water use solutions in transboundary water cooperation.
Soil bulk density and altitude are primary drivers of soil water content and soil temperature in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region, China
Authors: Qiao Cui , Zongxing Li , Qi Feng , Baijuan Zhang , Juan Gui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil water content (SWC) and soil temperature (ST) are important indicators of environmental change in permafrost regions. In this study, we conducted soil sampling at 89 locations in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region (TRHR) to investigate the individual and synergistic effects of environmental factors on SWC and ST. We used multivariable regression and random forest modelling to analyse the data. The results show that SWC and ST were higher in the southeast TRHR than in the northwest and higher in surface layers than deeper soil layers. The most important factors affecting SWC in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers were soil bulk density and precipitation, while bulk density was the most important factor in the 40–60 cm layer, and soil bulk density and steppe vegetation were the most important factors in the 60–80 cm layer. For ST, altitude, temperature and slope gradient were the drivers in the 0–20 cm surface layer, while altitude and temperature were the most critical drivers in the 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm and 60–80 cm layers. Overall, bulk density and altitude were the key environmental factors influencing SWC and ST values, respectively. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into the environmental factors that impact the SWC and ST in permafrost regions, which can guide decision‐making processes for sustainable soil management in the context of climate change.
How learners produce data from text in classifying clickbait
Authors: Horton Nicholas J. , Chao Jie , Palmer Phebe , Finzer William 
Published: May 2023

AbstractText provides a compelling example of unstructured data that can be used to motivate and explore classification problems. Challenges arise regarding the representation of features of text and student linkage between text representations as character strings and identification of features that embed connections with underlying phenomena. In order to observe how students reason with text data in scenarios designed to elicit certain aspects of the domain, we employed a task‐based interview method using a structured protocol with six pairs of undergraduate students. Our goal was to shed light on students' understanding of text as data using a motivating task to classify headlines as “clickbait” or “news.” Three types of features (function, content, and form) surfaced, the majority from the first scenario. Our analysis of the interviews indicates that this sequence of activities engaged the participants in thinking at both the human‐perception level and the computer‐extraction level and conceptualizing connections between them.
Stable isoperimetric ratios and the Hodge Laplacian of hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Rudd Cameron Gates 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe show that for a closed hyperbolic 3‐manifold, the size of the first eigenvalue of the Hodge Laplacian acting on coexact 1‐forms is comparable to an isoperimetric ratio relating geodesic length and stable commutator length with comparison constants that depend polynomially on the volume and on a lower bound on injectivity radius, refining estimates of Lipnowski and Stern. We use this estimate to show that there exist sequences of closed hyperbolic 3‐manifolds with injectivity radius bounded below and volume going to infinity for which the 1‐form Laplacian has spectral gap vanishing exponentially fast in the volume.
TRPA1 channel in the airway underlies protection against airborne threats by modulating respiration and behaviour
Authors: Kuwaki Tomoyuki , Takahashi Nobuaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of cation channels, is broadly expressed in sensory neural pathways, including the trigeminal neurons innervating the nasal cavity and vagal neurons innervating the trachea and the lung. TRPA1 acts as a detector of various irritant chemicals as well as hypoxia and hyperoxia. For the past 15 years, we have characterised its role in respiratory and behavioural modulation in vivo using Trpa1 knockout (KO) mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates. Trpa1 KO mice failed to detect, wake up from sleeping, and escape from formalin vapour and a mild hypoxic (15% O2) environment. Respiratory augmentation induced by mild hypoxia was absent in either Trpa1 KO mice or WT mice treated with a TRPA1 antagonist. Irritant gas introduced into the nasal cavity inhibited respiratory responses in WT mice but not in the KO mice. The effect of TRPA1 on the olfactory system seemed minimal because olfactory bulbectomized WT mice reacted similarly to the intact mice. Immunohistological analyses using a cellar activation marker, the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, confirmed activation of trigeminal neurons in WT mice but not in Trpa1 KO mice in response to irritant chemicals and mild hypoxia. These data collectively show that TRPA1 is necessary for multiple chemical‐induced protective responses in respiration and behaviour. We propose that TRPA1 channels in the airway may play a sentinel role for environmental threats and prevent incoming damage.
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Flexible extra dimensions
Authors: Petriakova Polina , Popov Arkady A. , Rubin Sergey G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the origin of the small parameters with the aim of explaining the Hierarchy problem. The flexible extra dimensions are an essential tool in the process by which physical parameters are formed. The evolution of a multidimensional metric starts at the Planck scale and is completed with the static extra-dimensional metric and the 4-dim de Sitter space at high energies, where the exponential production of causally disconnected universes begins. Quantum fluctuations independently distort the metric within these universes, causing inflationary processes within them. Some of these universes tend asymptotically towards states characterised by small Hubble parameters. The effective parameter reduction applied to the Higgs sector of the Standard Model is explained by the presence of small-amplitude distributions of a scalar field in a fraction of these universes.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Fourth Year Students on Media at Sta. Cruz South District Sta. Cruz, Zambales
Authors: Besing Mae M. 
Published: May 2023

This study was designed to determine the attitudes and behaviors of fourth year students on Media in Sta. Cruz District Sta. Cruz, Zambales school year 2014- 2015. It attempted to answer the following specific problems:
How the respondents may be described in relation to the following attributes such as age, gender, parents’ occupation, and monthly income? How do respondents describe their attitudes and behavior in using media in terms of: Television, Radio, Internet/Face book/ Twitter/ Computer, Newspaper/ Magazines and Cell phone? Is there any significant relationship on the attitudes and behaviors of fourth year students on Media? How may the findings of the study be used as a basis for the next parallel study?
The descriptive type of research was used in this study where fifty percent (50%) of the total population, four hundred forty three (443) served as respondents in assessing the attitudes and behaviors of fourth year students.
The survey- questionnaire was the main instrument in gathering the data for this study. The questionnaire is divided into various parts. Data were gathered and tested through statistical tools: percentage; weighted mean; Anova.
Based from the findings the researcher concluded the following:
There were 226 respondents who belong to 15 years of age because it is the actual age of a fourth year student. Majority of the respondents were female because there are more female enrollees rather than male. There were 236 parents of respondents who earns P7, 000 and below. Majority of them were Farmers.
Based on the conclusion, the following are hereby recommended:
Proper supervision of parents to their children every time they are exposing to media. Increase children‘s engagement and interest in other activities that expand their imagination and develop their ability to solve problems. Set limits on how often, and how long, your children may play video games or view television or movies. Monitor your children’s on-line activity, social media and use of different applications. Use password protection features to limit your children’s access to electronic devices. The schools administrators must emphasize the policies about electronic devices whether it will be allowed to bring this in the school. The school administrators conduct a series of seminars, trainings and workshops about the responsible use of media. Parallel study related to the topic.
Exoskeleton-Assisted Anthropomorphic Movement Training for the Upper Limb After Stroke: The EAMT Randomized Trial
Authors: Chen Ze-Jian , He Chang , Xu Jiang , Zheng Chan-Juan , Wu Jing , Xia Nan , Hua Qiang , Xia Wen-Guang , Xiong Cai-Hua , Huang Xiao-Lin 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Robot-assisted arm training is generally delivered in the robot-like manner of planar or mechanical 3-dimensional movements. It remains unclear whether integrating upper extremity (UE) natural coordinated patterns into a robotic exoskeleton can improve outcomes. The study aimed to compare conventional therapist-mediated training to the practice of human-like gross movements derived from 5 typical UE functional activities managed with exoskeletal assistance as needed for patients after stroke.

Methods:
In this randomized, single-blind, noninferiority trial, patients with moderate-to-severe UE motor impairment due to subacute stroke were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 20 sessions of 45-minute exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training or conventional therapy. Treatment allocation was masked from independent assessors, but not from patients or investigators. The primary outcome was the change in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity from baseline to 4 weeks against a prespecified noninferiority margin of 4 points. Superiority would be tested if noninferiority was demonstrated. Post hoc subgroup analyses of baseline characteristics were performed for the primary outcome.

Results:
Between June 2020 and August 2021, totally 80 inpatients (67 [83.8%] males; age, 51.9±9.9 years; days since stroke onset, 54.6±38.0) were enrolled, randomly assigned to the intervention, and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The mean Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity change in exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training (14.73 points; [95% CI, 11.43–18.02]) was higher than that of conventional therapy (9.90 points; [95% CI, 8.15–11.65]) at 4 weeks (adjusted difference, 4.51 points [95% CI, 1.13–7.90]). Moreover, post hoc analysis favored the patient subgroup (Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity score, 23–38 points) with moderately severe motor impairment.

Conclusions:
Exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training appears to be effective for patients with subacute stroke through repetitive practice of human-like movements. Although the results indicate a positive sign for exoskeleton-assisted anthropomorphic movement training, further investigations into the long-term effects and paradigm optimization are warranted.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100044078.
Unifying Empathy over Predetermined Unity: Jiao Xun 焦循 (1763–1820) on the “Unifying Thread” of Confucius’ Teachings
Authors: Moores Seán 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article analyses an innovative reinterpretation of Analects 4/15 by the mid-Qing Confucian scholar Jiao Xun 焦循 (1763–1820), in his Comprehensive Explanation of the Analects (Lunyu tongshi 論語通釋) written in 1803. According to Jiao, the “unifying thread” (yiguan 一貫) of Confucius’ teachings had been misunderstood by generations of scholars, for whom it served as a sort of pre-defined standard against which to disparage differing philosophical perspectives. Jiao condemns such a tendency, arguing that it goes against the original intentions of Confucius and represents a hindrance to the interconnectedness with others that he considers to be the basis of Confucian values. Identifying the “unifying thread” with this very interconnectedness, Jiao argues that it is only by overcoming self-interest that one is able to develop the cognitive and moral capacity to place the other at the center of humanness and consideration.
Geographic peculiarities of structure and hemicloning reproduction of Pelophylax esculentus water frog complex (Anura, Ranidae) populations in the East European Plain within Ukraine
Authors: Mezhzherin Sergey , Morozov-Leonov Svyatoslav , Nekrasova Oksana , Rostovskaya Olga 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Geographic peculiarities of population structure and hemicloning reproduction of the water frog Pelophylax esculentus complex of 904 samples within southern East European Plain were analyzed. The proportion of populations of P. ridibundus is 0.667 against those 0.042 of P. lessonae. The RE-type populations are the most common among mixed ones (0.153). The colonies of the two parental species and P. kl. esculentus (REL-type), as well as those of P. lessonae with P. kl. esculentus (LE-type), have the frequencies 0.072 and 0.046, respectively. All-hybrid populations (E-type) are not numerous across the region (0.017). In the populations of Central, Northern and Western Ukraine, the P. lessonae genome is eliminated during gametogenesis within hybrids while in the Lower Dnieper and Lower Danube drainages, genome of P. ridibundus is eliminated. In the Eastern Ukraine populations, hybrids usually produce diploid gametes or haploid gametes with the P. ridibundus genome, less often with the chromosome set of P. lessonae only, and even more rarely a mixture of different types of gametes. The predominance of P. ridibundus in hybrid communities and the elimination of the P. lessonae genome in hybrids inevitably leads to the transformation of hybrid populations into “pure” R-type populations. This circumstance makes hybridization with P. ridibundus a factor in the shrinking of P. lessonae populations. That trend is especially expressed in the Forest steppe zone, where hybridization proceeds most intensively, the P. lessonae genome is eliminated in hybrids, and unstable populations with a numerical superiority of P. ridibundus predominate.
Which Procedures Contribute Most to the System-Wide Burden of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism?
Authors: Mlaver Eli , Sharma Jyotirmay 
Published: May 2023

Background While clinical risk assessment models examine patient-level characteristics that portend morbidity, there is a paucity of literature exploring which procedures contribute most to the system-wide burden of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aimed to identify highly contributory procedures as potential targets for quality improvement. Methods All patients in the 2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Public User File were included. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were analyzed individually and grouped by National Healthcare Safety Network groupings. We counted prevalence of VTE and calculated VTE rate for each CPT and for each grouping. Results Of 902,968 included patients, 7501 (.83%) sustained postoperative VTE. Of 2748 unique CPT codes, VTE occurred for 762 (28%). Twenty procedure codes (.7%) contributed 39% of the total VTE. VTE rates of these procedures ranged from high-volume procedures with low VTE rates such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy (.25%) and laparoscopic hysterectomy (.32%) to lower volume procedures with high VTE rate such as Hartmann’s procedure (4.32%), Whipple procedure (3.85%), and distal pancreatectomy (3.82%). The CPT grouping with the most VTE was colon surgeries (1275/7501). Discussion A small number of procedures contributes to the system-wide burden of VTE. High-risk procedures are important targets for standardized prophylaxis protocols. For low-risk procedures, careful attention should be paid to patient-specific factors that may increase VTE risk such as obesity, cancer, or limited mobility, as many common procedures contribute greatly to the systemic burden of VTE. Overall, surveillance can perhaps be targeted on a smaller number of procedures, allowing for more efficient use of quality improvement resources.
The Relationship Between an Individual’s Birthday and Admission for Traumatic Injury
Authors: Veatch Jessica M. , Narveson Joel R. , Walters Ryan W. , Patel Neil D. , Punja Viren P. , Fernandez Carlos A. , Ewing Kaily L. , Aucar John A. , Kuncir Eric J. 
Published: May 2023

Background Birthdays provide an opportunity to celebrate; however, they can also be associated with various adverse medical events. This is the first study to examine the association between birthdays and in-hospital trauma team evaluation. Methods This retrospective study analyzed trauma registry patients 19-89 years of age, who were evaluated by in-hospital trauma services from 1/1/2011 to 12/31/2021. Results 14,796 patients were analyzed and an association between trauma evaluation and birthdays was found. The strongest incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were on the day of birth (IRR: 1.78; P < .001) followed by ±3 days of the birthday (IRR: 1.21; P = .003). When incidence was analyzed by age groups, 19-36 years of age had the strongest IRR (2.30; P < .001) on their birthday, followed by the >65 groups (IRR: 1.34; P = .008) within ±3 days. Non-significant associations were seen in the 37-55 (IRR: 1.41; P = .209) and 56-65 groups (IRR: 1.60; P = .172) on their birthday. Patient-level characteristics were only significant for the presence of ethanol at trauma evaluation (risk ratio: 1.83; P = .017). Discussion Birthdays and trauma evaluations were found to have a group-dependent association, with the greatest incidence for the youngest age group being on their birthday, and the oldest age group within ±3 days. The presence of alcohol was found to be the best patient-level predictor of trauma evaluation.
Women and Career Development: Some New Answers, Many More Questions
Authors: Phillips Susan D. 
Published: May 2023

The review offered by Fouad et al. (2023) provides a critical mirror on the literature on women and career development. In this reaction paper, I discuss three of the critical questions that are raised: Why aren’t we “there” yet? What has this quarter of a century of study added to our knowledge? What do we still need to know?