bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity modulation in a mode-localized mass sensor based on electrostatically coupled resonators under primary and superharmonic resonances
Authors: Lyu Ming , Zhao Jian , Kacem Najib , Song Jiahao , Fan Kefeng , Liu Pengbo , Huang Yu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A general model of a mode-localized mass sensor incorporating two weakly coupled clamped-clamped microbeams under electrostatic excitation is presented, and a reduced-order model considering quadratic and cubic nonlinearities is established. The multiple time scales method is used to solve the dynamic characteristics of the coupled resonators under primary resonance, simultaneous superharmonic and primary excitations, and one-third superharmonic resonance respectively, and to analyze the contribution of each harmonic excitation term. It is shown that the sensor can display softening, hardening, and linear behaviors by tuning the overall nonlinear coefficient in three different excitation scenarios. Furthermore, the conditions for restoring linear behavior with the highest possible amplitude without any hysteresis under different excitations are obtained. Finally, the mass sensitivities represented by the relative shift of amplitude ratio are calculated for all the resulting dynamic behaviors. The results show that the sensitivity is highest, for the hardening behavior in the in-phase mode and for the softening behavior in the out-of-phase mode. Interestingly, the sensitivities of the linear behavior obtained by nonlinearity modulation are the same for the two vibration modes, which is improve the output stability. Consequently, the sensor resolution can be significantly enhanced below the pull-in instability, while avoiding noise mixing.
Design and metrological studies of a reference UV- index detector
Authors: Abdel Baset Yasmen , Hamed Sawsan , Reda Sameh , Farag Hamed , Ghany H A Abdel , Faramawy Samaa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ultraviolet index UVI is a very important parameter used to inform the public about UV disadvantages . This can affect human health and lead to several issues. Many manufacturers have developed UV-index UVI radiometers based on the detection of the UV actinic spectral range. The response band of these radiometers is far from the actual actinic spectral range. This study aims to build a UVI detector of the actual actinic spectrum reaching the Earth to be used as a reference standard in the radiometry lab at NIS Egypt. The novelty of this study is the selection of a ready-manufactured sensor based on a GaP Schottky photodiode sensor to solve the defects in the present UVI radiometer and a careful selection of a short-pass filter and transmission diffuser. The calibration and measurement facilities available at NIS Egypt were used to describe the components. The designed detector response at 280–400 nm was used to capture the actual actinic spectrum. Several metrological studies were carried out in the laboratory to characterize the performance of the UVI detector, including spectral matching, angular response measurement, linearity, and spatial non-uniformity response. The results show and discuss the radiometric characterization of this detector.
Adjustment of eccentricity and split angle for improved SERS and refractive index sensing of TiN nanodonuts
Authors: Rong WangXu , Du ChaoLing , Lei MingXin , Zhang XiaoYang , Ding YiHan , Li Xiang , Shi DaNing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The unique refractory plasmonic properties and strong enhancement of the electric field within the inherent gap of titanium nitride (TiN) nanodonuts make them excellent candidates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)- and refractive index (RI)-sensing applications. The eccentricity and split angles are critical parameters for tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of the donuts, which were numerically investigated using the finite element method herein. We demonstrated that the proposed donuts provided efficient SERS and RI sensing substrates capable of working in regions ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). By adjusting the eccentricity and split angles, the corresponding optimized RI sensitivity and SERS enhancement factor reached 1,374 nm RIU−1 and 6.8 × 104, respectively. Moreover, the effects of both incident polarisation and electromagnetic (EM) field distributions on the LSPR properties were elucidated and discussed. This study provides new insights for understanding the LSPR properties of TiN nanoparticles and enables the rational design of efficient refractory plasmon-based SERS and RI-sensing substrates.
Natural line profile asymmetry
Authors: Anikin A , Zalialiutdinov T , Solovyev D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper discusses the line profile asymmetry of the photon scattering process that arises naturally in quantum electrodynamics (QED). Based on precision spectroscopic experiments conducted on hydrogen atoms, we focus our attention on the two-photon 1s − 2s transition. As one of the most precisely determined transition frequencies, it is a key pillar of optical frequency standards and is used in determining fundamental physical constants, testing physical principles, and searching constraints on new fundamental interactions. The results obtained in this work show the need to take into account the natural line profile asymmetry in precision spectroscopic experiments.
Tabletop potentials for inflation from f(R) gravity
Authors: Shtanov Yuri , Sahni Varun , Mishra Swagat S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We show that a large class of modified gravity theories (MOG) with the Jordan-frame Lagrangian f(R) translate into scalar-field (scalaron) models with hilltop potentials in the Einstein frame. (A rare exception to this rule is provided by the Starobinsky model for which the corresponding scalaron potential is plateau-like for ϕ > 0.) We find that MOG models featuring two distinct mass scales lead to scalaron potentials that have a flattened hilltop, or tabletop. Inflationary evolution in tabletop models agrees very well with CMB observations. Tabletop potentials therefore provide a new and compelling class of MOG-based inflationary models. By contrast, MOG models with a single mass scale generally correspond to steep hilltop potentials and fail to reproduce the CMB power spectrum. Inflationary evolution in hilltop/tabletop models can proceed in two alternative directions: towards the stable point at small R describing the observable universe, or towards the asymptotic region at large R. The MOG models which we examine have several new properties including the fact that gravity can become asymptotically vanishing, with G
eff → 0, at infinite or large finite values of the scalar curvature R. A universe evolving towards the asymptotically vanishing gravity region at large R will either run into a 'Big-Rip' singularity, or inflate eternally.
Constraints on primordial-black-hole population and cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3
Authors: Chen Zu-Cheng , Du Shen-Shi , Huang Qing-Guo , You Zhi-Qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescences provide an independent probe of
the cosmic expansion history other than electromagnetic waves. In this work, we assume the binary
black holes (BBHs) detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaborations are of primordial origin and
constrain the population parameters of primordial black holes (PBHs) and Hubble parameter H(z)
using 42 BBHs from third LVK GW transient catalog (GWTC-3). Three PBH mass models are
considered: lognormal, power-law, and critical collapse PBH mass functions. By performing a
hierarchical Bayesian population analysis, the Bayes factor strongly disfavors the power-law PBH
mass function against the other two in GWTC-3. The constraints on standard Λ CDM
cosmological parameters are rather weak and in agreement with current results. When combining the
multi-messenger standard siren measurement from GW170817, the Hubble constant H
0 is constrained
to be 69-8
+19 km s-1 Mpc-1 and 70-8
+26 km s-1 Mpc-1 at 68% confidence for the lognormal and
critical collapse mass models, respectively. Furthermore, we consider a mixed ABH+PBH model, in
which we assume LVK BBHs can come from both the astrophysical black hole (ABH) and PBH
channels. We find that the ABH+PBH model can better describe the mass distribution in GWTC-3 than
any single ABH or PBH model, thus improving the precision to constrain the Hubble constant. With
the increased BBH events, the mixed ABH+PBH model provides a robust statistical inference for both
the population and cosmological parameters.
Parametric dependence of microwave beam broadening by plasma density turbulence
Authors: Holland L.A. , Köhn-Seemann A. , Vann R.G.L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
High-power microwave beams used for heating and current drive in magnetically confined fusion plasmas can be broadened significantly by plasma turbulence, negatively impacting the efficiency of the machine. The dependence of this beam broadening on plasma and beam parameters is not yet fully understood, particularly where the dependence on one parameter is not separable from the dependence on the other parameters, meaning the dependence must be expressed via functions of linear combinations of parameters, rather than functions of single parameters. The aim of this work is to develop an empirical model for how the broadening depends on plasma and beam parameters, allowing for the easy estimation of beam broadening by turbulence without the need for computationally expensive full-wave simulations. In this paper, a microwave beam is simulated propagating through a turbulent layer of plasma using the 2D full-wave cold plasma code EMIT-2D. The dependence of beam broadening on background plasma density, fluctuation amplitude, turbulence correlation lengths in the radial and poloidal direction, thickness of the turbulence layer, and microwave beam waist are considered. The parameter scans are conducted in pairwise combinations of the parameters in order to determine the separability of the dependencies. We find that the dependence on the radial and poloidal correlation lengths are not separable from each other, and neither are the dependences on the fluctuation level and the background density, but all other dependencies are separable. Ignoring this inseparability in the correlation lengths will usually result in an over-prediction of the broadening in tokamak plasmas. An empirical formula for the beam broadening based on the turbulence and beam parameters is found for fusion-relevant scenarios, making prediction of the effect possible in microseconds, instead of the hours required for full-wave simulation. This could then be of use for integrated modelling of heating and current drive systems.
Feynman-Kac theory of time-integrated functionals: Itô versus functional calculus
Authors: Dieball Cai , Godec Aljaž 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The fluctuations of dynamical functionals such as the empirical density and current as well as heat, work and generalized currents in stochastic thermodynamics are usually studied within the Feynman-Kac tilting formalism, which in the Physics literature is typically derived by some form of Kramers-Moyal expansion, or in the Mathematical literature via the Cameron-Martin-Girsanov approach. Here we derive the Feynman-Kac theory for general additive dynamical functionals directly via Itô calculus and via functional calculus, where the latter results in fact appears to be new. Using Dyson series we then independently recapitulate recent results on steady-state (co)variances of general additive dynamical functionals derived recently in Dieball and Godec (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
129 140601) and Dieball and Godec (2022 Phys. Rev. Res.
4 033243). We hope for our work to put the different approaches to the statistics of dynamical functionals employed in the field on a common footing, and to illustrate more easily accessible ways to the tilting formalism.
Twinned dendrites in CrB-structured intermetallic NiGd
Authors: Niersbach T , Kolbe M , Becker M , Kargl F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The formation of twinned dendrites was investigated in orthorhombic CrB-structured NiGd. A NiGd droplet embedded in borosilicate glass-flux was processed by differential scanning calorimetry. A small undercooling of ≈ 20 °C was reached and a cross-section of the solidified sample was analyzed with EBSD. A twinned dendrite is found, that exhibits a twin boundary in its center, both parts sharing a <110> direction and a misorientation angle of 40° between its two parts. The present findings are in agreement with model predictions for CrB-structured alloy solidification based on the investigation of deeply undercooled and homogeneously nucleating NiZr. The present investigation on NiGd serves as a first important step to validate the model’s predictions. Due to the observation of twinned dendrites at small undercoolings, the present study may further serve as a first-step to extend the model to heterogeneous growth regimes.
Effect of Eu and P additions with Ta grain refiner on the solidification microstructure of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloys
Authors: Spacil I , Schumacher P , Li J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Al-7Si-0.3Mg based alloys have been widely used. Nevertheless, at least three issues during melt treatment (grain refinement of Al grains, modification of eutectic Si and refinement of eutectic grain size) need to be further explored. In this contribution, we focus on these three melt treatments. For grain refinement of Al grains, the stochiometric Al-2.2Ti-1B grain refiner rod together with 0.12 wt. % Ta was used. For modification of eutectic Si, Eu up to 500 ppm was used. The best modification can be obtained with 200 ppm Eu. By further increasing Eu up to 500 ppm, modification level becomes worse due to the formation of Al2Si2Eu. For the refinement of eutectic grain size, a combined addition of Eu (up to 500 ppm) and P (up to 40 ppm) was used. With increasing P concentration, the modification of eutectic Si became worse. The size of eutectic Si increases, the shape factor of eutectic Si decreases. When the P concentration is higher, more Eu is needed for a well-modified eutectic Si. This investigation provides a novel concept for melt treatment of Al-Si-Mg based alloys.
Influence of stirring process during slurry formation on the casting defects and high-temperature fatigue of rheocast AlSi7Mg alloys
Authors: Zaffarani P , Zhang Q , Jarfors A E W , Timelli G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The effects of the stirring phase during slurry formation on the defect’s content and the influence on the high-temperature fatigue behaviour of a rheocast AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated. Single or double-stir step was used during RheoMetal processing. Metallographic and image analysis techniques were performed to quantitatively examine the defect’s changes occurring with different stirring methods. Samples were cross-sectioned along the gauge length, and the pores content was measured. Uniaxial fatigue tests were performed at high temperature (150 °C) with the staircase method, applying a stress ratio of R = −1. Fracture surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope to determine the fatigue crack initiation sites, type and size of the defects. Shrinkage porosity has more probability of acting as a crack initiator than gas porosity or oxides. The double-stir step effectively reduces the size of pores compared to the conventional technique; it reduces porosity to less than half if compared to the single-stir process. Shrinkage pores distribution show a higher population of smaller pores for the double-stir process. According to the Dixon-Mood formula, the mean fatigue strengths are comparable. The capability of the double-stir to reduce porosity is evident, even having no significant effect on the high-temperature fatigue life.
Numerical modelling of porosity with combined gas and shrinkage effects in HPDC
Authors: Godwal U , Bhagavath S , Ghaffari B , Li M , Lee P D , Karagadde S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
High-pressure die casting is a manufacturing process in which near-net-shape components are produced rapidly under a pressurized environment. However, due to the relatively higher cooling rate prevailing during the process, isolated liquid pockets form at certain locations, leading to increased porosity formation. A one-dimensional deformable grid numerical model has been developed for predicting the evolution of a single pore in an elementary volume, which combines the diffusion model with the shrinkage affected growth. The model accounts for the change in pore size due to shrinkage and inter-granular growth. This model can provide predictions in representative volumes and be used for component level predictions by combining with a macroscopic model.
In-situ investigation of the solidification dynamics in an irregular eutectic alloy
Authors: Mohagheghi S , Bottin-Rousseau S , Şerefoğlu M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present an in-situ experimental investigation of irregular eutectic growth dynamics observed optically in real time during directional solidification (DS) and rotating directional solidification (RDS) of a model transparent alloy, namely Amino-methyl-propanediol-Succinonitrile (AMPD-SCN). The SCN-rich solid grows with a nonfaceted solid-liquid interface, while AMPD forms thin whisker-like faceted crystals. With RDS, we observed simultaneously four distinct growth dynamics along the solidification front thanks to the rotation induced velocity ramp. At low velocity, AMPD crystals grow individually, with their leading tip ahead of – at a higher temperature than – the SCN-liquid interface which presents a linear undercooling change with V ramp. This regime is defined as a quasi-steady decoupled growth. During RDS, AMPD crystals are found to rotate with the sample in this regime. When they can reach the unsteady coupled-growth regime at higher V, since increasing V favors the formation of AMPD-SCN-liquid trijunctions, they start to branch noncrystallographically. At higher velocity, impurity effects lead to the formation of two-phase fingers. Further increase in the velocity results in the formation of primary SCN dendrites and a fine interdendritic eutectic microstructure. DS experiments confirmed the existence of those regimes at different velocities.
Pseudo-4D view of the growth and form of crystallographically ‘locked’ eutectic colonies
Authors: Chao P , Lindemann G R , Shahani A J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A number of fundamental questions remain unanswered regarding the interior structure of eutectic cells or colonies growing into a liquid. Here, we observe experimentally the solidification behaviour of an Al-Al2Cu eutectic as a model system using a novel imaging approach that combines in situ X-radiography and ex situ X-ray tomography. The former allows us to trace the solid-liquid interfaces while the latter enables us to visualize the solid-solid interfaces. When put together, we can visualize in 4D (i.e., three-dimensional space plus time) the development of a crystallographically ‘locked’ eutectic microstructure in the presence of an oscillatory eutectic-liquid velocity driven by thermosolutal convection. These details provide direct insight into the mechanism of the lamella-to-rod transition as the eutectic accommodates fluctuations in interfacial composition and growth velocity. We find that this morphological transition reflects a delicate balance between the motion of trijunctions and the stiffness of low-energy, solid-solid interfaces. Our pseudo-4D tomography approach holds broad appeal to the solidification science community, as it can temporally resolve the solidification process on the order of seconds and spatially resolves individual lamellae on the order of micrometres, thereby overcoming the space-time trade-off in conventional in situ X-ray tomography.
Microstructure evolution induced by solidification and ferrite–austenite massive-like transformation in Fe–C alloys
Authors: Tsuji S , Nanri T , Narumi T , Katsube R , Yasuda H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The coarsening of austenite grains produced through a massive-like transformation from the ferrite to the austenite phase during/after solidification in Fe–0.45mass%C steel was examined through time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements using time-resolved computed tomography. The δ phase solidification resulted in a single δ grain in the observation region (0.6 mm in diameter, 0.1 mm in height). The massive-like transformation produced multiple γ grains, and coarsening immediately followed the transformation. The coarsening in the observation region was completed even within 200 s. A correlation of crystallographic orientation between the γ grains was found in the γ grain structure. The massive-like transformation frequently produced fcc (111) twinned grains, and the twinned austenite grains tended to remain during coarsening because the twin interface energy is lower than the grain boundary energy. The massive-like transformation following the solidification contributed to the texture formation in the γ grain structure.
Microstructural study of containerless solidification of Al-5wt%Ce alloy
Authors: Valloton J , Vogel S C , Henein H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Containerless solidification of Al-5wt%Ce is investigated experimentally using the electromagnetic levitation technique. The processed samples show small primary undercooling and minimal eutectic undercooling. Phase fractions determined by neutron diffraction are similar to the values obtained from a Scheil-Gulliver solidification simulation. Significant solidification shrinkage at the top of the samples indicate that solidification started at the bottom and the front propagated upwards. X-ray microscopy results show multiple nucleation events throughout the samples.
T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia With t(X;14)(q28;q11.2): A Clinicopathologic Study of 15 Cases
Authors: Hu Zhihong , Medeiros L Jeffrey , Xu Mina , Yuan Ji , Peker Deniz , Shao Lina , Tang Zhenya , Mai Brenda , Thakral Beenu , Rios Adan , Hu Shimin , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesT-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare mature T-cell leukemia usually characterized by inv(14)(q11.2q32)/t(14;14)(q11.2;q32). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features and molecular profile of T-PLL associated with t(X;14)(q28;q11.2).MethodsThe study group included 10 women and 5 men with a median age of 64 years. All 15 patients had a diagnosis of T-PLL with t(X;14)(q28;q11.2).ResultsAll 15 patients had lymphocytosis at initial diagnosis. Morphologically, the leukemic cells had features of prolymphocytes in 11 patients, small cell variant in 3, and cerebriform variant in 1. All 15 patients had hypercellular bone marrow with an interstitial infiltrate in 12 (80%) cases. By flow cytometry, the leukemic cells were surface CD3+/CD5+/CD7+/CD26+/CD52+/TCR α/β+ in 15 (100%) cases, CD2+ in 14 (93%) cases, CD4+/CD8+ in 8 (53%) cases, CD4+/CD8– in 6 (40%) cases, and CD4–/CD8 + in 1 (7%) case. At the cytogenetic level, complex karyotypes with t(X;14)(q28;q11.2) were seen in all 15 patients assessed. Mutational analysis showed mutations of JAK3 in 5 of 6 and STAT5B p.N642H in 2 of 6 patients. Patients received variable treatments, including 12 with alemtuzumab. After a median follow-up of 17.2 months, 8 of 15 (53%) patients died.ConclusionsT-PLL with t(X;14)(q28;q11.2) frequently shows a complex karyotype and mutations involving JAK/STAT pathway, and it is an aggressive disease with a poor outcome.