bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced CO Functionality on Carbon Papers Ensures Lowering Nucleation Delay of ALD for Ru towards Unprecedented Alkaline HER Activity
Authors: Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya M. , Rodriguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Zazpe Raul , Bawab Bilal , Kolíbalová Eva , Jelinek Ludek , Macak Jan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe success in lowering the nucleation delay for Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of Ru on carbon surfaces is mitigated by constructive pretreatments resulting enhancement of CO functionality. Treatment of the carbon papers (CP) allowed Ru species deposition for minimum number of ALD cycles (25 cycles) with good conformality. The development of electrocatalysts from single atoms to nanoparticles (NPs) on conductive supports with low metal loadings, thus improving performance, is essential in electrocatalysis. For alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, ALD decorated CPs with Ru exhibit low onset potentials of ≈4.7 mV versus reversable hydrogen electrode (RHE) (at 10 mA cm−2) and a high turnover frequency of 1.92 H2 s−1 at 30 mV versus RHE. The Ru decorated CPs show comparable to higher catalytic activity than of Platinum (Pt) decorated CP also developed by ALD. The current representation of unfamiliar catalytic activities of Ru active centers developed by ALD, pave a bright and sustainable path for energy conversion reactions.
Spin‐Flip Raman Scattering on Electrons and Holes in Two‐Dimensional (PEA)2PbI4 Perovskites
Authors: Harkort Carolin , Kudlacik Dennis , Kopteva Natalia E. , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Karzel Marek , Kirstein Erik , Hordiichuk Oleh , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Bayer Manfred 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe class of Ruddlesden–Popper type (PEA)2PbI4 perovskites comprises 2D structures whose optical properties are determined by excitons with a large binding energy of about 260 meV. It complements the family of other 2D semiconductor materials by having the band structure typical for lead halide perovskites, that can be considered as inverted compared to conventional III–V and II–VI semiconductors. Accordingly, novel spin phenomena can be expected for them. Spin‐flip Raman scattering is used here to measure the Zeeman splitting of electrons and holes in a magnetic field up to 10 T. From the recorded data, the electron and hole Landé factors (g‐factors) are evaluated, their signs are determined, and their anisotropies are measured. The electron g‐factor value changes from +2.11 out‐of‐plane to +2.50 in‐plane, while the hole g‐factor ranges between ‐0.13 and ‐0.51. The spin flips of the resident carriers are arranged via their interaction with photogenerated excitons. Also the double spin‐flip process, where a resident electron and a resident hole interact with the same exciton, is observed showing a cumulative Raman shift. Dynamic nuclear spin polarization induced by spin‐polarized holes is detected in corresponding changes of the hole Zeeman splitting. An Overhauser field of the polarized nuclei acting on the holes as large as 0.6 T can be achieved.
A geometric framework for outlier detection in high‐dimensional data
Authors: Herrmann Moritz , Pfisterer Florian , Scheipl Fabian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOutlier or anomaly detection is an important task in data analysis. We discuss the problem from a geometrical perspective and provide a framework which exploits the metric structure of a data set. Our approach rests on the manifold assumption, that is, that the observed, nominally high‐dimensional data lie on a much lower dimensional manifold and that this intrinsic structure can be inferred with manifold learning methods. We show that exploiting this structure significantly improves the detection of outlying observations in high dimensional data. We also suggest a novel, mathematically precise and widely applicable distinction between distributional and structural outliers based on the geometry and topology of the data manifold that clarifies conceptual ambiguities prevalent throughout the literature. Our experiments focus on functional data as one class of structured high‐dimensional data, but the framework we propose is completely general and we include image and graph data applications. Our results show that the outlier structure of high‐dimensional and non‐tabular data can be detected and visualized using manifold learning methods and quantified using standard outlier scoring methods applied to the manifold embedding vectors.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Technologies > Visualization
Early and Acute Complications and the Principles of HSCT Nursing Care
Authors: Wallhult Elisabeth , Kenyon Michelle , Quinn Barry 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) generally includes preparative or conditioning regimens containing combinations of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and sometimes immunotherapy. These regimens, as well as other treatments before and after HSCT such as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (see Chap. 11), may affect the patient’s organs and tissues and cause both early and long-term complications. In the evolving field of stem cell therapies, some complications that traditionally have been regarded as early complications are now, due to changes in preparative regimens and choice of stem cell source, sometimes seen later in the post-transplant outpatient setting. The complications covered in this chapter generally occur within 100 days post-HSCT and are thus classified as early complications. Two of the most common early complications are oral complications/mucositis and sepsis. Some other relatively rare complications are also covered here: haemorrhagic cystitis (HC), endothelial damage syndromes including engraftment syndrome (ES), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD). For all complications, recommendations for prevention and principles for nursing care are presented since careful nursing monitoring and prompt intervention and care may have an impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality.
Supportive Care
Authors: van der Linden S. J. , Harinck M. E. G. , Speksnijder H. T. , Schröder Teija , Schlösser Ien , Verkerk Vera , van Bohemen Michaela , Rusman-Vergunst A. M. , Veldhuijzen J. C. , Quak W. J. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) care is highly complex. This chapter focuses on the aspects of supportive care required following HSCT.Assessment tools are key component of nursing practice and are necessary for planning and providing patient-centered care. HSCT care must be planned, implemented, and evaluated and is underpinned by collaboration with the entire multidisciplinary healthcare team.With supportive care following HSCT, we ultimately aim to improve the quality of life of our patients in the posttransplant period.Supportive care extends beyond symptom management and includes social, psychological, and spiritual care. The needs of the patient are multifactorial and can be complex, considering multiple issues at the same time and involving multiple disciplines.Throughout supportive nursing care, our clinical competence is critical and is complemented by experience, knowledge, and awareness.
Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GvHD)
Authors: Murray John , Stringer Jacqui , Hutt Daphna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and affects approximately 30–40% of recipients. Prevention remains the goal, and the recent introduction of post-transplant cyclophosphamide in the haploidentical transplant setting is changing the landscape. GvHD diagnosis is complicated, and grading and staging vary depending upon the tool and transplant centre involved. For the majority of patients who go on to develop GvHD, corticosteroids remain the first-line treatment for both acute and chronic forms of the disease. Recipients that are refractory to systemic steroids have a plethora of second- and third-line options available to them. A ‘standard of care’ approach has not yet become agreed globally due to poor evidence from small and limited randomised control trials. However, the recent REACH (Zeiser et al. N Engl J Med. 382(19):1800–10, 2020; Zeiser et al. N Engl J Med. 385(3):228–38, 2021) and ROCKstar trials (Cutler et al. Blood. 38(22):2278–89, 2021) have armed clinicians with new and effective therapies. Supportive care is paramount, and the nurse is at the centre of the patient’s care and in the best position to guide and advise the patient and family through this often-long-term complication.
Inflation heute
Authors: Gischer Horst , Herz Bernhard , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vergleichsweise hohe Inflation in Deutschland im Jahr 2022 ist in aller Munde. Inflation bedeutet, dass die Preise für Güter und Dienstleistungen auf breiter Basis anhaltend steigen. Damit verliert das Geld an Kaufkraft.
Ausbildung in der Pflege
Authors: Hundenborn Gertrud 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit Anfang des Jahres 2020 wird die Ausbildung in den Pflegeberufen neu geregelt. Mit der kompetenzorientierten generalistisch ausgerichteten Ausbildungskonzeption reagiert der Gesetzgeber auf die zunehmend komplexen Pflege- und Versorgungsbedarfe ebenso wie auf die Entwicklungen in der Pflegewissenschaft und in anderen Wissenschaftsbereichen. Die Reform geht mit zahlreichen Innovationen einher. So sind Teile der Berufsausübung nunmehr rechtlich geschützt und die Ausbildung kann an Pflegeschulen oder an Hochschulen absolviert werden. Dieser Beitrag geht auf diese und weitere Innovationen der Pflegeberufereform ein. Er verdeutlicht Herausforderungen und Konsequenzen und formuliert offene Fragen und ausgewählte Handlungsbedarfe.
Estimating global charge violating amplitudes from wormholes
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Chen Yiming , Maldacena Juan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We consider the scattering of high energy and ultra relativistic spherically symmetric shells in asymptotically AdSD spacetimes. We analyze an exclusive amplitude where a single spherically symmetric shell goes in and a single one comes out, such that the two have different global symmetry charges of the effective gravity theory. We study a simple wormhole configuration that computes the square of the amplitude and analyze its properties.
Pflegende Angehörige in Deutschland: Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Erwerbstätigkeit
Authors: Kuhlmey Adelheid , Budnick Andrea 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAngehörige sind die tragende Säule der pflegerischen Versorgung in Deutschland. Knapp ein Viertel der Erwachsenen kennt eine hilfe- oder pflegebedürftige Person. Für immer mehr Menschen, unter ihnen mehrheitlich Frauen, wird die pflegerische Versorgung einer hilfebedürftigen Person zur alltäglichen Aufgabe. Diese Anforderung muss oft mit beruflichen Verpflichtungen und/oder der Erziehung minderjähriger Kinder vereinbart werden. Nicht nur in dieser „Sandwichposition“ vernachlässigen häuslich Pflegende eigene Lebensbereiche und gefährden ihre Gesundheit. Der narrative Übersichtsbeitrag fokussiert die Herausforderungen bei der Vereinbarkeit von häuslicher Pflege und Berufstätigkeit. Zudem wird die Bedeutung der Pflege durch Angehörige als relevantes Public-Health-Thema herausgearbeitet. Ein Spotlight wird auf die Versorgung pflegebedürftiger Kinder und die besonderen Ansprüche ihrer pflegenden Eltern gerichtet. Aktuelle Empfehlungen zur besseren Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf und zur Anerkennung der Sorgearbeit pflegender Angehöriger geben einen Ausblick auf Lösungsstrategien, die aus der Wissenschaft kommen und von der Politik aufgegriffen werden sollten.
Discrete adjoint for coupled conjugate heat transfer
Authors: Imam-Lawal Oluwadamilare , Verstraete Tom , Müller Jens-Dominik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe typical method to solve multi-physics problems such as Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) is the partitioned approach which couples separate solvers through boundary conditions. Effective gradient-based optimisation of partitioned CHT problems requires the adjoint of the coupling to maintain the efficiency of the original multi-physics coupling, which is a significant challenge. The use of automatic differentiation (AD) has the potential to ease this burden and leads to generic gradient computation methods. In this paper, we present how to automate the generation of adjoint fluid and solid solvers for a CHT adjoint using Automatic Differentiation (AD). The derivation of the adjoint of the loose coupling algorithms is shown for three fixed-point coupling algorithms. Application of the coupled adjoint algorithm is shown to two CHT optimisation benchmark cases for inverse design and shape optimisation. The results demonstrate that Robin-based coupling algorithms have faster runtimes and are an attractive option for CHT optimisation problems.
Simultaneous densification and improvement of cold spray additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4 V properties via electro-plastic treatment
Authors: Khalik Mohammed Abdul , Zahiri Saden H. , Masood Syed H. , Gulizia Stefan , Faizan-Ur-Rab M. , Palanisamy Suresh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Large-scale industrial application of additively manufactured (AM) components in general, and specifically cold sprayed additive manufactured (CSAM), is limited due to the nature of this technology and the resulting product’s porosity and embrittlement. To improve the final properties of additively manufactured material, many lengthy, complex, or expensive post-treatments have been proposed. Reducing the environmental impact, cost, and time required for additive manufacturing will allow for greater use in industrial applications. A novel thermomechanical treatment known as in situ electro-plastic treatment (ISEPT) is used in this study to treat CSAM Ti-6Al-4 V alloy known as grade 5 titanium. The Ti-6Al-4 V alloy has approximately three times the strength and hardness of commercial purity titanium (CP-Ti) with lower ductility and a dual-phase (α + β) microstructure that poses challenges during the CSAM process. Compared to CP-Ti, the results showed that CSAM Ti-6Al-4 V presented double the porosity and triple the number of ISEPT passes that presented ~ 2 µm ultra-fine grain microstructure. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the ISEPT material was superior to that of CSAM Ti-6Al-4 V and increased from 184 to 1096 MPa with improved ductility rise from 1.1 up to 8.8%. Six ISEPT passes in air resulted in a slight increase in oxygen from 0.2% in the as-CSAM condition to 0.35%. Tensile properties of the ISEPT material were comparable to wrought Ti-6Al-4 V with 989 MPa UTS and 8.3% elongation. The ISEPT passes consolidated the CSAM (α + β) dual-phase Ti-6Al-4 V and allowed for the nucleation of equiaxed grains at the vicinity of former CSAM splat boundaries. The formation of lamellar colonies within the splat’s inner regions was observed. The role of ISEPT conditions on the rapid elimination of porosity and the evolution of cold spray splat boundaries via dynamic recrystallization were discussed.
Healthcare utilization, quality of life, and work productivity associated with primary hyperoxaluria: a cross-sectional web-based US survey
Authors: Goldfarb David S. , Modersitzki Frank , Karafilidis John , Li-McLeod Josephine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrimary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a family of ultra-rare, autosomal recessive, metabolic disorders associated with frequent kidney stones, chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, and serious complications due to systemic oxalosis, resulting in significant morbidity. We investigated the burden of PH among affected patients and caregivers. This cross-sectional, web-based survey was used to quantify the burden of PH, in terms of healthcare resource utilization, health-related quality of life, and work productivity and activity impairment among adults (≥ 18 years) with PH and caregivers of children (≤ 17 years) with PH in the US. Among the 20 respondents, there were 7 adults with PH and 13 caregivers of children with PH. Adherence to hyperhydration was noted as the most, or one of the most, difficult aspects of PH by 56% of respondents. Most patients (95%) had experienced painful kidney stone events, one-third had visited the emergency room, and 29% were hospitalized for complications due to PH. Of the 24% of patients on dialysis, all found the procedure burdensome. Adult patients’ quality of life was negatively affected across several domains. Most respondents (81%) reported that PH had a negative effect on their finances. Employed adult patients and caregivers, and children with PH, had moderate impairment in work productivity, school attendance, and activity. Anxiety about future PH-related sequelae was moderate to high. These findings highlight the need for improvements in PH medical management. A plain language summary is available in the supplementary information.
Venous thromboembolism is rare after total hip and knee joint arthroplasty with long thromboprophylaxis in Finnish fast-track hospitals
Authors: Moisander Annette M. , Pamilo Konsta , Eskelinen Antti , Huopio Jukka , Kautiainen Hannu , Kuitunen Anne , Paloneva Juha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction

Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis effectively prevents venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Less is known about the influence of fast-track arthroplasty on VTE risk. We conducted a register-based study to determine the incidence of VTE after fast-track TKA and THA in Finland using long thromboprophylaxis.

Materials and methods
All primary TKAs and THAs operated during 2015–2016 in 3 fast-track hospitals were identified from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register. Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed in this patient cohort within 90 days of surgery were identified from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. The recommended length of thromboprophylaxis was 10 to 14 days for TKA and 28 days for THA during study period.

Results

During the study period, 3 831 THAs, 4 394 TKAs and 286 bilateral TKAs (BTKAs) were performed. Of all these patients, 60% were females. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence within 90 days of surgery was 0.3% (95% CI 0.2–0.4). These VTEs comprised 10 PEs and 15 DVTs. None of the VTE patients´ died within the 90-day period.

Conclusion
VTE incidence is low in Finnish fast-track TKA and THA patients with long thromboprophylaxis.
Validation of an instrument to measure community capacity building for prevention
Authors: Röding Dominik , Birgel Vera , Walter Ulla 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim
In Germany, the CTC-EFF (Effectiveness of the Community Prevention System Communities That Care) study, a replication study of the US Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), was rolled out in 2021. This article aims to examine the validity of a translated and adapted version of an instrument that measures five constructs of community capacity for prevention.

Subject and methods
Twenty-two a priori-matched intervention and comparison communities participated in the study. Two to ten community key informants (n = 182) were interviewed for each community. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to assess structural validity. Reliability was assessed at the individual level using McDonald’s omega and at the community level using a generalizability coefficient (GC). Inter-rater agreement was measured using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Concurrent construct validity was assessed using bivariate correlations and mean comparisons.

Results
CFA showed good model fit (CFI = 0.964) for the hypothesized five constructs model. Reliability analyses showed good internal consistency at the individual level (omega = 0.86–0.87) and insufficient to moderate reliability at the community level (CG = 0.00–0.62). Inter-rater agreement ranged from insufficient to substantial (ICC = 0.02–0.32). Consistent with theory, three constructs correlated positively at the individual and community level (r = 0.24–0.42). There are no associations between these constructs and interviewer ratings about the respondents’ cooperativeness, trustworthiness, and understanding.

Conclusion
Three of the five constructs were measured with good validity. Two constructs show insufficient reliability. These will be revised until the next CTC-EFF data collection wave. Further validation is indicated.

Trial registration
This study was registered with the German Clinical Trial Register, no. DRKS00022819, on August 18, 2021.
Deep learning modelling techniques: current progress, applications, advantages, and challenges
Authors: Ahmed Shams Forruque , Alam Md. Sakib Bin , Hassan Maruf , Rozbu Mahtabin Rodela , Ishtiak Taoseef , Rafa Nazifa , Mofijur M. , Shawkat Ali A. B. M. , Gandomi Amir H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeep learning (DL) is revolutionizing evidence-based decision-making techniques that can be applied across various sectors. Specifically, it possesses the ability to utilize two or more levels of non-linear feature transformation of the given data via representation learning in order to overcome limitations posed by large datasets. As a multidisciplinary field that is still in its nascent phase, articles that survey DL architectures encompassing the full scope of the field are rather limited. Thus, this paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-art DL modelling techniques and provides insights into their advantages and challenges. It was found that many of the models exhibit a highly domain-specific efficiency and could be trained by two or more methods. However, training DL models can be very time-consuming, expensive, and requires huge samples for better accuracy. Since DL is also susceptible to deception and misclassification and tends to get stuck on local minima, improved optimization of parameters is required to create more robust models. Regardless, DL has already been leading to groundbreaking results in the healthcare, education, security, commercial, industrial, as well as government sectors. Some models, like the convolutional neural network (CNN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), recurrent neural network (RNN), recursive neural networks, and autoencoders, are frequently used, while the potential of other models remains widely unexplored. Pertinently, hybrid conventional DL architectures have the capacity to overcome the challenges experienced by conventional models. Considering that capsule architectures may dominate future DL models, this work aimed to compile information for stakeholders involved in the development and use of DL models in the contemporary world.