bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus With Renal Involvement in a Rural Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Ratan Kanti , Roy Satyajit , Chowdhury Bidhan Roy , Sarkar Shoman , Waez Shakeel , Ahmed Farid Uddin , Dutta Pradip Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Background: Population based studies on the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with renal involvement in Bangladesh is limited. It is an obstacle both for the screening program and intervention to prevent this disease. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of DM with renal involvement among the rural population of Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected rural areas in Chattogram district of Bangladesh over the period from January 2014 to December 2014. A total of 2500 individuals age 18 years and above were selected by a multistage sampling method. Diabetic status was assessed by doing Capillary Blood Glucose (CBG) Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Hemoglobin A1c. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine and spot urine dipstick test.
Results: Out of 2500 rural residents 557 (22.3%) were found to have DM. Overall 616 (24.6%) subjects had renal involvement and subjects with DM had significantly more renal involvement than the subjects without (36.4% versus 21.3%1). Subjects with DM and renal involvement were significantly older and had lower monthly family income than those without renal involvement. Among 557 subjects with DM, only 41.7% was known to be diabetic. Only 36.3% of the diabetic subjects were aware about their renal involvement.
Conclusion: The large proportion of undiagnosed cases of DM indicates the lack of public awareness of diabetes and the shortage of medical facilities. In view of the huge population in Bangladesh, the results of this study emphasize the need to improve the early detection and prevention of diabetes in Bangladesh as a means to prevent the emerging diabetes epidemic.
JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 57-61
Prevalence of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Its Associated Factors Among People Within Southern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Farhana , Alam S M Murshid Ul , Hasan Md Mahbub , Rana Md Mashud , Chowdhury Nowshad Asgar , Karim Masud , Mannan Adnan 
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetes is a disorder which is very much related to a quality of lifestyle. Bangladesh is one of the countries having highest number of diabetes patients. Most of the population in this country used to take high glycemic indexed foods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the quality of life of diabetic patients of the southern part and Chattogram city to investigate how controlled and uncontrolled diabetes is related to their lifestyle and socio-economic factors.
Materials and methods: A multi-center, crosssectional study, conducted in five centers of Chattogram, in 2018-2019, registered 1,888 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. Descriptive analysis and chi square test were done to see the statistical significance between various parameters.
Results: Among the study population nearly 72% were uncontrolled diabetes patients. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes in age <60 years was highly significant. Number of female uncontrolled diabetes patients were significantly higher. People having low income and lower level of education were more prone to uncontrolled diabetes.
Conclusion: Health workers at the diabetic hospitals should intensify education and counselling of diabetics. Modifiable risk factors such as education, food and physical activity be considered as potential targets of interventions in southern part of Bangladesh.
JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 92-98
Reconstructive Run for Life : A Case Report
Authors: Khaled Mohammed S , Ahmed Rafiquddin , Alam Mohammed Nafiz , Dhar Narayan , Palit Liton Kumar , Gupta Sammya Das 
Published: March 2023

Southeast part of the country resides more than 35 million people and Chattogram Medical College Hospital is the center hub for trauma management of this region. Trauma includes industrial injury as well as road traffic accident along with electric burn. Plastic Surgery department deals with this trauma patient for soft tissue coverage. The study shown four electric burn and one cancer patients having flap surgery for their wound coverage. In this study patients selected randomly over a period of one year. Wound at different part of body including head, neck, palm, hand, axilla and heel. We gave five different flaps to cover trauma and cancer defect. Wounds like various trauma including electric burns, cancer and snake bite. Snake bites are common in this hilly terrain. Cancer like SCC and malignant melanoma is also common in the long marine shore of Bay of Bengal. Flap maintain form and function of affected part which improves quality of life. Most of patients are young teenage, only two are elderly. About six months follow up flapsshow, are in good functionaland cosmetic outcome with no residual morbidity. All patients undergonea rehabilitation procedure to normal life.
JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 102-108
Molecular and serological evidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus prevalence in livestock and ticks in Cameroon
Authors: Simo Tchetgna Huguette , Yousseu Francine S. , Cosset François-Loïc , de Freitas Natalia Bezerra , Kamgang Basile , McCall Philip J. , Ndip Roland Ndip , Legros Vincent , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDespite a high fatality rate in humans, little is known about the occurrence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Cameroon. Hence, this pioneer study was started with the aim of determining the prevalence of CCHFV in domestic ruminants and its potential vector ticks in Cameroon.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in two livestock markets of Yaoundé to collect blood and ticks from cattle, sheep, and goats. CCHFV-specific antibodies were detected in the plasma using a commercial ELISA assay and confirmed using a modified seroneutralization test. Ticks were screened for the presence of orthonairoviruses by amplification of a fragment of the L segment using RT-PCR. Phylogeny was used to infer the genetic evolution of the virus.ResultsOverall, 756 plasma samples were collected from 441 cattle, 168 goats, and 147 sheep. The seroprevalence of CCHFV was 61.77% for all animals, with the highest rate found in cattle (433/441, 98.18%) followed by sheep (23/147, 15.65%), and goats (11/168, 6.55%), (p-value &lt; 0.0001). The highest seroprevalence rate was found in cattle from the Far North region (100%). Overall, 1500 ticks of the Rhipicephalus (773/1500, 51.53%), Amblyomma (341/1500, 22.73%), and Hyalomma (386/1500, 25.73%) genera were screened. CCHFV was identified in one Hyalomma truncatum pool collected from cattle. Phylogenetic analysis of the L segment classified this CCHFV strain within the African genotype III.ConclusionThese seroprevalence results call for additional epidemiological studies on CCHFV, especially among at-risk human and animal populations in high-risk areas of the country.
Phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Authors: van der Geest Rick , Fan Hongye , Peñaloza Hernán F. , Bain William G. , Xiong Zeyu , Kohli Naina , Larson Emily , Sullivan Mara L. G. , Franks Jonathan M. , Stolz Donna B. , Ito Ryota , Chen Kong , Doi Yohei , Harriff Melanie J. , Lee Janet S. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionKlebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although previous studies have suggested that evasion of phagocytic uptake is a virulence determinant of Kp, few studies have examined phagocytosis sensitivity in clinical Kp isolates.MethodsWe screened 19 clinical respiratory Kp isolates that were previously assessed for mucoviscosity for their sensitivity to macrophage phagocytic uptake, and evaluated phagocytosis as a functional correlate of in vivo Kp pathogenicity.ResultsThe respiratory Kp isolates displayed heterogeneity in the susceptibility to macrophage phagocytic uptake, with 14 out of 19 Kp isolates displaying relative phagocytosis-sensitivity compared to the reference Kp strain ATCC 43816, and 5 out of 19 Kp isolates displaying relative phagocytosis-resistance. Intratracheal infection with the non-mucoviscous phagocytosis-sensitive isolate S17 resulted in a significantly lower bacterial burden compared to infection with the mucoviscous phagocytosis-resistant isolate W42. In addition, infection with S17 was associated with a reduced inflammatory response, including reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, and reduced BAL TNF, IL-1β, and IL-12p40 levels. Importantly, host control of infection with the phagocytosis-sensitive S17 isolate was impaired in alveolar macrophage (AM)-depleted mice, whereas AM-depletion had no significant impact on host defense against infection with the phagocytosis-resistant W42 isolate.ConclusionAltogether, these findings show that phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical Kp isolates.
Combining bioinformatics and machine learning to identify common mechanisms and biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sun Ziyi , Lin Jianguo , Zhang Tianya , Sun Xiaoning , Wang Tianlin , Duan Jinlong , Yao Kuiwu 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often present with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the common pathophysiological mechanisms between the two are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the common biological mechanisms of COPD and AF and to search for important biomarkers through bioinformatic analysis of public RNA sequencing databases.MethodsFour datasets of COPD and AF were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The overlapping genes common to both diseases were screened by WGCNA analysis, followed by protein-protein interaction network construction and functional enrichment analysis to elucidate the common mechanisms of COPD and AF. Machine learning algorithms were also used to identify key biomarkers. Co-expression analysis, “transcription factor (TF)-mRNA-microRNA (miRNA)” regulatory networks and drug prediction were performed for key biomarkers. Finally, immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to evaluate further the immune cell changes in the COPD dataset and the correlation between key biomarkers and immune cells.ResultsA total of 133 overlapping genes for COPD and AF were obtained, and the enrichment was mainly focused on pathways associated with the inflammatory immune response. A key biomarker, cyclin dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), was identified through screening by machine learning algorithms and validated in the validation dataset. Twenty potential drugs capable of targeting CDK8 were obtained. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed the presence of multiple immune cell dysregulation in COPD. Correlation analysis showed that CDK8 expression was significantly associated with CD8+ T cells, resting dendritic cell, macrophage M2, and monocytes.ConclusionsThis study highlights the role of the inflammatory immune response in COPD combined with AF. The prominent link between CDK8 and the inflammatory immune response and its characteristic of not affecting the basal expression level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) make it a possible promising therapeutic target for COPD combined with AF.
Maternal and fetal predictors of anthropometry in the first year of life in offspring of women with GDM
Authors: Antoniou Maria-Christina , Quansah Dan Yedu , Mühlberg Suzanne , Gilbert Leah , Arhab Amar , Schenk Sybille , Lacroix Alain , Stuijfzand Bobby , Horsch Antje , Puder Jardena Jacqueline 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) carries an increased risk for adverse perinatal and longer-term cardiometabolic consequences in offspring. This study evaluated the utility of maternal anthropometric, metabolic and fetal (cord blood) parameters to predict offspring anthropometry up to 1 year in pregnancies with GDM.Materials and methodsIn this prospective analysis of the MySweetheart study, we included 193/211 women with GDM that were followed up to 1 year postpartum. Maternal predictors included anthropometric (pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), weight and fat mass at the 1st GDM visit), and metabolic parameters (fasting insulin and glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), HbA1c, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at the 1st visit and HbA1c at the end of pregnancy). Fetal predictors (N=46) comprised cord blood glucose and insulin, C-Peptide, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and HDL. Offspring outcomes were anthropometry at birth (weight/weight z-score, BMI, small and large for gestational age (SGA,LGA)), 6-8 weeks and 1 year (weight z-score, BMI/BMI z-score, and the sum of 4 skinfolds).ResultsIn multivariate analyses, birth anthropometry (weight, weight z-score, BMI and/or LGA), was positively associated with cord blood HDL and HbA1c at the 1st GDM visit, and negatively with maternal QUICKI and HDL at the 1st GDM visit (all p ≤ 0.045). At 6-8 weeks, offspring BMI was positively associated with GWG and cord blood insulin, whereas the sum of skinfolds was negatively associated with HDL at the 1st GDM visit (all p ≤0.023). At 1 year, weight z-score, BMI, BMI z-score, and/or the sum of skinfolds were positively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal weight, and fat mass at the 1st GDM visit and 3rd trimester HbA1c (all p ≤ 0.043). BMI z-score and/or the sum of skinfolds were negatively associated with cord blood C-peptide, insulin and HOMA-IR (all p ≤0.041).DiscussionMaternal anthropometric, metabolic, and fetal metabolic parameters independently affected offspring anthropometry during the 1st year of life in an age-dependent manner. These results show the complexity of pathophysiological mechanism for the developing offspring and could represent a base for future personalized follow-up of women with GDM and their offspring.
Spatiotemporal features of the soil moisture across Northwest China using remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and global hydrological model
Authors: Wang Meijun , Yin Gang , Mao Min , Zhang Hao , Zhang Hua , Hu Zengyun , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2023

Soil moisture is an important factor affecting the change of land surface hydrological processes and the distribution of material and energy exchanges between the land and atmosphere and vegetation’s temporal and spatial distributions, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper focuses on soil moisture features across Northwest China, the core region of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Six soil moisture datasets from the period 1981–2020 were employed, which included ERA5 (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis 5), ESA-CCI (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative), GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System), MERRA-2 (The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2), RSSSM (A Remote Sensing-based global 10-day resolution Surface Soil Moisture dataset), and SSM-Feng (Regional multimodal fusion of surface soil moisture data in China). The temporal and spatial variation of the linear trend and abrupt change characteristics at seasonal and annual scale were explored. The results are as follows: 1) ESA-CCI, GLDAS, and MERRA-2 showed a slow increase in annual soil moisture tendency at a rate of less than 0.001 m3/m3/year, while ERA5 and SSM-Feng showed a significant decreasing linear trend at a rate of 1.31 × 10−4 m3/m3/year and 1.01 × 10−4 m3/m3/year (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. 2) In autumn and winter, only GLDAS and MERRA-2 showed significant increasing trends. In the growing season (i.e., from April to October), the soil moisture of ESA-CCI, GLDAS, and MERRA-2 significantly increased at the rates of 3.29 × 10−4 m3/m3/year, 3.30 × 10−4 m3/m3/year, and 6.64 × 10−4 m3/m3/year (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. 3) ERA5 and ESA-CCI have frequent abrupt changes in 1984, 1987, and 2006 for ERA5, 2010–2012 and 2019–2020 for ESA-CCI. 4) In terms of spatial variations, most datasets show that soil moisture has increased across most regions. The ERA5, ESA-CCI, GLDAS, MERRA-2, and SSM-Feng datasets show decreased soil moisture in the Tarim Basin. The conclusions of this study deepen the understanding of temporal and spatial variation in soil moisture in arid areas of Northwest China. Through these conclusions, a certain theoretical basis can be provided for the complex water cycle process in the arid region.
Investigating iron intake in risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes: The diabetes autoimmunity study in the young
Authors: Elhassan Sulafa , Dong Fran , Buckner Teresa , Johnson Randi K. , Seifert Jennifer A. , Carry Patrick M. , Vanderlinden Lauren , Waugh Kathleen , Rewers Marian , Norris Jill M. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundStudies of the role of iron in the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been inconsistent. Given that iron generates reactive oxygen radicals, which can lead to oxidative damage and apoptosis in the beta cells of the pancreas, we examined whether iron intake was associated with the risk of progressing to T1D in individuals with islet autoimmunity (IA), the pre-clinical phase of T1D.MethodsDAISY is a prospective cohort following 2,547 children at increased risk for IA and progression to T1D. IA is defined as at least two consecutive serum samples positive for at least one autoantibody (insulin, GAD, IA-2, or ZnT8). We measured dietary intake at the time of IA seroconversion in 175 children with IA, and of these, 64 progressed to T1D. We used Cox regression to examine the association between energy-adjusted iron intake and progression to T1D, adjusting for HLA-DR3/4 genotype, race/ethnicity, age at seroconversion, presence of multiple autoantibodies at seroconversion, and multiple vitamin use. In addition, we tested whether this association was modified by vitamin C or calcium intake.ResultsIn children with IA, high iron intake (as defined as above the 75th percentile, &gt; 20.3 mg/day) was associated with decreased risk of progression to T1D compared to moderate iron intake (as defined by the middle 25-75th percentiles, 12.7-20.3 mg/day) (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 0.79). The association between iron intake and T1D was not modified by vitamin C nor calcium intake. In a sensitivity analysis, the removal of six children who had been diagnosed with celiac disease prior to IA seroconversion did not affect this association.ConclusionHigher iron intake at the time of IA seroconversion is associated with a lower risk of progression to T1D, independent of multivitamin supplement use. Further research that includes plasma biomarkers of iron status is needed to investigate the relationship between iron and the risk of T1D.
Targeting chemoattractant chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 derived from astrocytes is a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Wang Yupeng , Bian Jiangping , Yao Mengyuan , Du Li , Xu Yun , Chang Haoxiao , Cong Hengri , Wei Yuzhen , Xu Wangshu , Wang Huabing , Zhang Xinghu , Geng Xingchao , Yin Linlin 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-induced astrocytes injury is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and although CCL2 is involved, its specific role has not been reported. We aimed to further investigate the role and potential mechanisms of CCL2 in AQP4-IgG-induced astrocyte injury.MethodsFirst, we evaluated CCL2 levels in paired samples of subject patients by automated microfluidic platform, Ella®. Second, we knock down astrocyte's CCL2 gene in vitro and in vivo to define the function of CCL2 in AQP4-IgG-induced astrocyte injury. Third, astrocyte injury and brain injury in live mice were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and 7.0T MRI, respectively. Western blotting and high-content screening were conducted to clarify the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and changes in CCL2 mRNA and cytokine/chemokines were measured by qPCR technique and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsThere were greatly higher CSF-CCL2 levels in NMOSD patients than that in other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (OND) groups. Blocking astrocyte CCL2 gene expression can efficiently mitigate AQP4-IgG-induced damage in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, prevention of CCL2 expression could decrease other inflammatory cytokines released, including IL-6 and IL-1β. Our data suggest that CCL2 involves in the initiation and plays a pivotal role in AQP4-IgG-damaged astrocytes.DiscussionOur results indicate that CCL2 may serve as a promising candidate target for inflammatory disorder therapy, including NMOSD.
Changes in the structure and function of rhizosphere soil microbial communities induced by Amaranthus palmeri invasion
Authors: Zhang Mei , Shi Cong , Li Xueying , Wang Kefan , Qiu Zhenlu , Shi Fuchen 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPlant invasion can profoundly alter ecosystem processes driven by microorganisms. The fundamental mechanisms linking microbial communities, functional genes, and edaphic characteristics in invaded ecosystems are, nevertheless, poorly understood.MethodsHere, soil microbial communities and functions were determined across 22 Amaranthus palmeri (A. palmeri) invaded patches by pairwise 22 native patches located in the Jing-Jin-Ji region of China using high-throughput amplicon sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling technologies.ResultsAs a result, the composition and structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities differed significantly between invasive and native plants according to principal coordinate analysis. A. palmeri soils exhibited higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae, and lower abundance of Actinobacteria than native soils. Additionally, compared to native rhizosphere soils, A. palmeri harbored a much more complex functional gene network with higher edge numbers, average degree, and average clustering coefficient, as well as lower network distance and diameter. Furthermore, the five keystone taxa identified in A. palmeri rhizosphere soils belonged to the orders of Longimicrobiales, Kineosporiales, Armatimonadales, Rhizobiales and Myxococcales, whereas Sphingomonadales and Gemmatimonadales predominated in the native rhizosphere soils. Moreover, random forest model revealed that keystone taxa were more important indicators of soil functional attributes than edaphic variables in both A. palmeri and native rhizosphere soils. For edaphic variables, only ammonium nitrogen was a significant predictor of soil functional potentials in A. palmeri invaded ecosystems. We also found keystone taxa in A. palmeri rhizosphere soils had strong and positive correlations with functional genes compared to native soils.DiscussionOur study highlighted the importance of keystone taxa as a driver of soil functioning in invaded ecosystem.