bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum and lithium transport from main sequence to sub-giant and red giant low-mass stars
Authors: Dumont T. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Asteroseismology provides a unique opportunity to probe the interiors of evolved stars and constrain their internal rotation. The correct reproduction of the core rotation evolution has not yet been achieved, although it is key to understanding the internal processes involved in low-mass stars.
Aims. We explore the efficiency required to reproduce the general behaviour of the transport of angular momentum along the evolution in view of asteroseismic constraints from giant low-mass stars. We analyse the consequences and predictions for lithium and beryllium surface abundances from the main sequence to red giant phase.
Methods. We computed a series of models, which included atomic diffusion, rotation-induced mixing, magnetic braking, and additional processes tailored for main sequence low-mass stars. We extended these models to more evolved phases and investigated an updated angular momentum transport by including a time-dependent extra viscosity related to the azimuthal magneto-rotational instability. We compared our predictions to the asteroseismic measurements of the core and surface rotation of a sample of sub-giant and red giant stars. We compared the model predictions for the lithium and beryllium surface evolution with the available observations.
Results. We confirm that a time-dependent additional viscosity νadd(t) is required to reproduce the general behaviour of the core rotation rate along successive stellar evolutionary phases given the dependence on the differential rotation and the mass. We show that it results in stronger lithium and beryllium depletions for low-mass stars over evolution. We confirm that predicted lithium abundances at the red giant bump by classical models, commonly used as references, cannot reproduce the lithium depletion along the main sequence and evolved phases of stellar evolution. We show that the observed amount of lithium of stars less massive than 1 M⊙ leads to a discrepancy between model predictions and observations at the red giant bump.
Conclusions. We show that a semi-parametric model can reproduce the rotational behaviour along the first phases of evolution well, with the exception of the sharp transition observed during the sub-giant phase. This suggests that two distinct transport processes may be involved. The processes required to transport chemicals during the main sequence phase and angular momentum until the red giant phase impact the lithium depletion all along the evolutionary duration. A good prediction of the lithium abundance at young phases places strong constraints on the predicted one at more evolved phases. It also highlights discrepancies between models and observations for the lowest mass stars and impacts the threshold that defines lithium-rich giant stars, showing that classical models tend to overestimate this threshold.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes After Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Series
Authors: Chimenea Angel , Domínguez-Moreno Marta , Barrera-Talavera María , García-Díaz Lutgardo , Antiñolo Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Despite advances in neonatal intensive care, fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remain to have a poor prognosis. Exclusive postnatal treatment is inadequate in patients with moderate CDH (observed than expected lung-to-head ratio [O/E LHR] 26–45%) and can lead to respiratory failure at birth, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 75% of cases. An ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure may be beneficial in these cases, improving the fetal-neonatal transition.
Material and Methods We review all pregnancies with fetal isolated left CDH with moderate O/E LHR delivered by EXIT in our center from January 2007 to December 2022. Maternal and neonatal variables were analyzed. As primary outcomes, we included neonatal survival and mortality rates, surgical and infectious complications, uterine scar dehiscence, and blood loss during EXIT. As secondary outcomes, we studied recurrences of the diaphragmatic defect, long-term evolution, subsequent pregnancies, and mode of delivery.
Results A total of 14 patients were delivered by the EXIT procedure, with a neonatal survival rate of 85.7%. All these children had optimal physical and neurocognitive development and no pulmonary morbidity. We found no major complications and 7.1% of minor maternal complications. There were no cases of surgical wound infection or endometritis. The median decrease in hemoglobin during the EXIT procedure was 1.9 mg/dL, and only one case required postoperative transfusion. Two out of the 14 women became pregnant again, and both pregnancies were uneventful.
Conclusions In our series, the EXIT procedure allows for adequate airway management associated with a high neonatal survival rate in patients with moderate O/E LHR CDH, with a low rate of neonatal and maternal complications.
Research Status and Future Trends of Angioplasty: A Bibliometric Analysis in CiteSpace
Authors: Idhris Mohamed , Woodman Alexander , Rasheed Mohammad , Ahmad Shakil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Angioplasty, with or without stenting, is a nonsurgical procedure to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries due to underlying atherosclerosis. While there is ample literature on coronary heart disease research, the literature search found no bibliographic studies that quantified angioplasty studies. This study was initiated using bibliometric analysis to identify trends in angioplasty over the past twenty years.
Methods The study data was searched from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The study data included 11,429 studies published between 2001 and 2021 downloaded from the WoSCC. CiteSpace V.5.8.was used to analyze the intellectual structure and identify upcoming patterns.
Results Over the last two decades, the number of publications in this discipline has decreased. Data from 2021 did not exceed (414) and fell by half compared with 2001 (805). The keyword analysis showed that “coronary angioplasty” recorded the strongest citation burst 26.59 for the years 2001 to 2005. For the most recent data from 2018 to 2021, the strongest citation burst was recorded for the keyword “outcome” (25.64).
Conclusion This study was an exploratory attempt to identify trends in angioplasty research over the past two decades to deliver relatively unbiased and complete data on the scientific activity performed by authors worldwide. The number and percentage of published articles gradually decrease over time, which is a new finding, highlighting the need for further study of angioplasty, in particular why the trends have decreased over time.
Heading and backing fire behaviours mediate the influence of fuels on wildfire energy
Authors: Birch Joseph D. , Dickinson Matthew B. , Reiner Alicia , Knapp Eric E. , Dailey Scott N. , Ewell Carol , Lutz James A. , Miesel Jessica R. 
Published: July 2023

Background Pre-fire fuels, topography, and weather influence wildfire behaviour and fire-driven ecosystem carbon loss. However, the pre-fire characteristics that contribute to fire behaviour and effects are often understudied for wildfires because measurements are difficult to obtain. Aims This study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of pre-fire conditions to fire energy and the role of fire advancement direction in fuel consumption. Methods Over 15 years, we measured vegetation and fuels in California mixed-conifer forests within days before and after wildfires, with co-located measurements of active fire behaviour. Key results Pre-fire litter and duff fuels were the most important factors in explaining fire energy and contributed similarly across severity categories. Consumption was greatest for the forest floor (litter and duff; 56.8 Mg ha−1) and 1000-h fuels (36.0 Mg ha−1). Heading fires consumed 13.2 Mg ha−1 more litter (232%) and 24.3 Mg ha−1 more duff (202%) than backing fires. Remotely sensed fire severity was weakly correlated (R2 = 0.14) with fuel consumption. Conclusions 1000-h fuels, litter, and duff were primary drivers of fire energy, and heading fires consumed more fuel than backing fires. Implications Knowledge of how consumption and fire energy differ among contrasting types of fire behaviours may inform wildfire management and fuels treatments.
Lepton flavor violating
B⃗K2*(1430)μ±τ±
decays
Authors: Kumbhakar Suman , Sain Ria , Vardani Juhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A number of measurements in decays induced by the semileptonic b → s and b → c transitions hint towards a possible role of new physics in both sectors. Motivated by these anomalies, we investigate the lepton flavor violating

B
→

K

2

*

(
1430
)

μ

±

τ

∓

decays. We calculate the two-fold angular distribution of

B
→

K

2

*

ℓ

1

ℓ

2

decay in the presence of vector, axial-vector, scalar and pseudo-scalar new physics interactions. We then compute the branching fraction and lepton forward–backward asymmetry in the framework of

U

1

2

/

3

vector leptoquark which is a viable solution to the current B anomalies. We find that the upper limits are


(
B
→

K

2

*

μ

−

τ

+

)
≤
1.64

×

10

−
7

and


(
B
→

K

2

*

μ

+

τ

−

)
≤
0.60

×

10

−
7

at 90% C.L.
Resonance provocation of improved energy orbit in bi-stable vibration energy harvesters for power enhancement
Authors: Li Qingzhao , Bu Ling , Wang Zhiwei , Lu Shiyu , Zhou Jingmeng , Liu Yutong , Zhao Zhixu , Qian Haoyuan , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bi-stable vibration energy harvesters are advantageous for a wide bandwidth in low frequency ranges, but are confronted with the issue of limited output power. Bi-stability traditionally contains two low- and high-energy orbits; however, this paper reports resonance provocation of the improved energy orbit, which is much higher than the traditional two energy orbits and can be utilized for power enhancement. Theoretically, the enhanced energy orbit is provoked due to an increase in the system’s kinetic energy, achieved by modifying the bi-stable potential energy function from quartic function to quadratic function to utilize the linear resonant restoring force. Experimental results demonstrate that the provocation of the improved energy orbit is frequency selective, and the root mean square voltage is increased by 63.6% in the upward sweep and 188.5% in the downward sweep. For optimal load, the improved energy orbit increases the maximal root mean square voltage by 2.10 times and the maximal average output power by 4.37 times. Meanwhile, the device’s bi-stable bandwidth remains almost unchanged. These results prove that the resonance provocation of the improved energy orbit can refine the power while not sacrificing bandwidth, which is a promising solution to the overall performance improvement for vibration energy harvesters.
Increased material differentiation through multi-contrast x-ray imaging: a preliminary evaluation of potential applications to the detection of threat materials
Authors: Astolfo A , Haig I G , Bate D , Olivo A , Modregger P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Most material discrimination in security inspections is based on dual-energy x-ray imaging, which enables the determination of a material’s effective atomic number (Zeff) as well as electron density and its consequent classification as organic or inorganic. Recently phase-based ‘dark-field’ x-ray imaging approaches have emerged that are sensitive to complementary features of a material, namely its unresolved microstructure. It can therefore be speculated that their inclusion in the security-based imaging could enhance material discrimination, for example of materials with similar electron densities and Zeff but different microstructures. In this paper, we present a preliminary evaluation of the advantages that such a combination could bear. Utilising an energy-resolved detector for a phase-based dark-field technique provides dual-energy attenuation and dark-field images simultaneously. In addition, since we use a method based on attenuating x-ray masks to generate the dark-field images, a fifth (attenuation) image at a much higher photon energy is obtained by exploiting the x-rays transmitted through the highly absorbing mask septa. In a first test, a threat material is imaged against a non-threat one, and we show how their discrimination based on maximising their relative contrast through linear combinations of two and five imaging channels leads to an improvement in the latter case. We then present a second example to show how the method can be extended to discrimination against more than one non-threat material, obtaining similar results. Albeit admittedly preliminary, these results indicate that significant margins of improvement in material discrimination are available by including additional x-ray contrasts in the scanning process.
The Tianlin Mission: A 6 m UV/Opt/IR Space Telescope to Explore Habitable Worlds and the Universe
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhai Meng , Zhao Gang , Wang Shen , Liu Jifeng , Chang Jin , Zhang Xuejun , Dong Jihong , Xu Boqian , Grupp Frank 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is expected that ongoing and future space-borne planet survey missions including Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), PLATO and Earth 2.0 will detect thousands of small to medium-sized planets via the transit technique, including over a hundred habitable terrestrial rocky planets. To conduct a detailed study of these terrestrial planets, particularly the cool ones with wide orbits, the exoplanet community has proposed various follow-up missions. The currently proposed European Space Agency mission Ariel is the first step for this purpose, and it is capable of characterization of planets down to warm super-Earths mainly using transmission spectroscopy. The NASA Large Ultraviolet/Optical/Infrared Surveyor mission proposed in the Astro2020 Decadal Survey white paper will endeavor to further identify habitable rocky planets, and is expected to launch around 2045. In the meanwhile, China is funding a concept study of a 6 m class space telescope named Tianlin (a UV/Opt/NIR large aperture space telescope) that aims to start its operation within the next 10–15 yr and last for 5+ yr. Tianlin will be primarily aimed at the discovery and characterization of rocky planets in the habitable zones around nearby stars and to search for potential biosignatures mainly using the direct imaging method. Transmission and emission spectroscopy at moderate to high resolution will be carried out as well on a population of exoplanets to strengthen the understanding of the formation and evolution of exoplanets. It will also be utilized to perform in-depth studies of the cosmic web and early galaxies, and constrain the nature of dark matter and dark energy. We describe briefly the primary scientific motivations and main technical considerations based on our preliminary simulation results. We find that a monolithic off-axis space telescope with primary mirror diameter larger than 6 m equipped with a high contrast coronagraph can identify water in the atmosphere of a habitable-zone Earth-like planet around a Sun-like star. More simulations for the detectability of other key biosignatures including O3, O2, CH4 and chlorophyll are coming.
Genetic Diversity in Original Arabian-WAHO, Local and Thoroughbred Horses in Iraq from ACTN3-EXON19 Gene Polymorphism
Authors: Turki W. Z. , Al-Anbari N. N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research was conducted in the Iraqi Equestrian Club (15 km west of Baghdad city center) for the period from 10/1/2021 to 11/30/2022, with the aim of detecting genetic features in the ACTN3 gene for each of the nineteenth exon (EXON19) in three types of horses, which are the original Arabian-WAHO, Local, and British Thoroughbred, with 38, 38, and 39 head each, respectively, for the purpose of studying genetic diversity indicators by estimating Mean allelic abundance -na) and some fixation indexes. The average total allelic abundance (na) for all mutation sites in the ACTN3/EXON19 gene for the three types of horses was 2.00, while the total number of effective alleles (ne) was 1.437, 1.594 and 1.592 for original Arabian-WAHO, Local, and British Thoroughbred respectively. The individual (Fis) for all mutation sites in the ACTN3 gene within the horse herd and for each type of them - 0.113, -0.107, and -0.138 for original Arabian-WAHO, Local, and the British Thoroughbred horses respectively, with a total rate of -0.1197, and that most of the estimates of genetic similarity between mutation sites in the ACTN3 gene are medium to high. We can conclude by studying the genetic diversity according to the genetic manifestations in the ACTN3 gene for each of the nineteenth exon EXON19, the possibility of adopting it in developing strategies for genetic improvement in horses and that the herd is characterized by the lack of internal breeding, and by studying the genetic differentiation stability index (Fst) and gene flow (Nm), there is genetic diversity in the studied gene regions, and the ACTN3 gene can be considered as a marker or genetic marker.
A Novel ELISA for the Quantification of Serum Levels of 2 Glycosylated Variants of Apolipoprotein J: Biomarkers for Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Fernández Encinas Lola , Lluch Nuria , Wu Alan H B , Kaski Juan Carlos , Badimon Lina , Cubedo Judit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have pointed out a potential role of ApoJ-Glyc as a biomarker of cardiac ischemia. The aim of this study was to validate the analytical performance of 2 novel ELISAs against 2 different glycosylated ApoJ variants, ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6.

Methods
The analytical measuring range, limit of blank (LoB), lower limit of quantification (LoQ), precision, accuracy, recovery, cross-reactivity, and stability were evaluated in serum samples.

Results
The analytical measuring range was 500–16 000 ng/mL for ApoJ-GlycA2 and 125–4000 ng/mL for ApoJ-GlycA6, with a LoB of 455 ng/mL and 121 ng/mL for ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6, respectively. The LoQ was 500 ng/mL for ApoJ-GlycA2 and 125 ng/mL for ApoJ-GlycA6. The assay performance fulfills the acceptance criteria established in the European Medicines Agency Guideline on bioanalytical method validation. Specifically, the calibration range variability is &lt;15% for ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6; the accuracy is &lt;15% for ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6; the between- and within-run precision is &lt;15% for ApoJ-GlycA6 and ≤20% for ApoJ-GlycA2; and the total allowable error is &lt;30% for ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6. Cross-reactivity studies revealed the absence of cross-reactivity with endogenous components of the matrix (using ApoJ-depleted serum), with nonglycosylated ApoJ and with transferrin (as a high abundant N-glycosylated serum protein). Both ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6 measurements were stable after storage of serum samples at −80°C for 24 months.

Conclusions
The newly developed ELISAs to quantify ApoJ-GlycA2 and ApoJ-GlycA6 serum levels showed an acceptable analytical performance according to European Medicines Agency guidelines on bioanalytical method validation in terms of precision, accuracy, recovery, cross-reactivity, and stability.
CardinalKit: open-source standards-based, interoperable mobile development platform to help translate the promise of digital health
Authors: Aalami Oliver , Hittle Mike , Ravi Vishnu , Griffin Ashley , Schmiedmayer Paul , Shenoy Varun , Gutierrez Santiago , Venook Ross 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Smartphone devices capable of monitoring users’ health, physiology, activity, and environment revolutionize care delivery, medical research, and remote patient monitoring. Such devices, laden with clinical-grade sensors and cloud connectivity, allow clinicians, researchers, and patients to monitor health longitudinally, passively, and persistently, shifting the paradigm of care and research from low-resolution, intermittent, and discrete to one of persistent, continuous, and high resolution. The collection, transmission, and storage of sensitive health data using mobile devices presents unique challenges that serve as significant barriers to entry for care providers and researchers alike. Compliance with standards like HIPAA and GDPR requires unique skills and practices. These requirements make off-the-shelf technologies insufficient for use in the digital health space. As a result, budget, timeline, talent, and resource constraints are the largest barriers to new digital technologies. The CardinalKit platform is an open-source project addressing these challenges by focusing on reducing these barriers and accelerating the innovation, adoption, and use of digital health technologies. CardinalKit provides a mobile template application and web dashboard to enable an interoperable foundation for developing digital health applications. We demonstrate the applicability of CardinalKit to a wide variety of digital health applications across 18 innovative digital health prototypes.
Core shrinkage covariance estimation for matrix-variate data
Authors: Hoff Peter , McCormack Andrew , Zhang Anru R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A separable covariance model can describe the among-row and among-column correlations of a random matrix and permits likelihood-based inference with a very small sample size. However, if the assumption of separability is not met, data analysis with a separable model may misrepresent important dependence patterns in the data. As a compromise between separable and unstructured covariance estimation, we decompose a covariance matrix into a separable component and a complementary ‘core’ covariance matrix. This decomposition defines a new covariance matrix decomposition that makes use of the parsimony and interpretability of a separable covariance model, yet fully describes covariance matrices that are non-separable. This decomposition motivates a new type of shrinkage estimator, obtained by appropriately shrinking the core of the sample covariance matrix, that adapts to the degree of separability of the population covariance matrix.
A novel internal training program using Kern’s 6-step approach to curriculum development for medical laboratory scientists training to be international quality assurance/quality control coordinators
Authors: Leach Anne , Shim Josephine , Murphy Kristin , Godard Mandana , Ortiz Felix , Swartz Mark , Sokoll Lori J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Patient Safety Monitoring in International Laboratories (pSMILE) is a resource ensuring quality testing in clinical laboratories performing National Institutes of Health–funded HIV research requiring specific staff training. We demonstrate the development of an online asynchronous training model using Kern’s 6-step approach to support pSMILE functions.

Methods
An existing curriculum was revamped to incorporate Kern’s approach. Metrics for success were described in rubrics with feedback guiding improvements and updates.

Results
Curriculum updates took more than a year. Direct observations of skills informed curriculum changes. Module self-evaluations were reviewed to assess performance and the overall curriculum. The content, curriculum, and training documentation were deemed compliant with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2015.

Conclusion
Asynchronous training for highly skilled and self-directed staff is a novel way to deploy training while maintaining productivity of existing staff. Feedback and evaluation allowed for curriculum updates including previously underdeveloped topics. Kern’s approach ensured that the needs of the sponsor, management, laboratories, and learners were met.