bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing of Star Structured Auxetic Lattices With Overhanging Links
Authors: Rogers Benedict A. , Valentine Max D. A. , Pegg Elise C. , Lunt Alexander J. G. , Dhokia Vimal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing has been the driving force behind the growth of metamaterials as a field. Commonly taking the form of lattices, these structures can achieve a range of novel macroscale properties that stem from the cumulative effects of locally designed mechanisms. A wide array of mechanical metamaterials have already been designed using computational methods, but these rarely undergo physical testing, often as a result of manufacturing difficulties.
This work approaches the problem of manufacturing complex metamaterial test samples though a case study of 3D petal-based auxetic star lattices. These lattice structures have linkage structures with overhanging elements, which is a common feature in metamaterial concepts but challenging to print. Trials of the test samples were manufactured using a thermoplastic polyurethane filament combined with polyvinyl acetate support at 20, 30 and 40 mm unit cell sizes. It was found that the main geometric challenges for successful printing were the link thickness and the reliability of the prints. To address unreliability, the geometry was cut into layers of cells with adhesive-connected feet and printed in parts for post-process assembly.
The layered approach was tested successfully and was estimated to reduce the number of cells needed to be attempted to print the full lattice by over 80%. The use of dissolvable support material proved viable for printing overhanging links, but requires use of fused deposition modelling so a relatively low part resolution. The trial led to a five point design guide methodology for metamaterial test samples. Combined with cell mathematical definitions that strictly bound link thickness to take minimum print resolution into account, this methodology can be applied to other metamaterials and help bridge the gap between theoretical lattices and physical testing.
Polarized Illumination for Optical Monitoring System in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Zhang Song , Enk Sebastian , Kolter Moritz , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a promising technology to manufacture complex geometry in a layer wised manner. Shifting from low volume prototyping to high volume production the demand for quality assurance and reliability of additive manufacturing systems increases hence in-situ monitoring systems are required to monitor process anomalies as input for further process control. Optical based monitoring systems, such as CMOS and CCD camera, are proved as an effective way to monitor layer wise geometrical distortion during manufacturing process. However, due to complex illumination condition in the process chamber, geometries of the printed parts are hard to distinguished and extracted from powder bed properly. In this study, we propose a novel method for an illumination setup by using polarized light sources to improve the distinguishability of printed parts compared to the powder bed on the layer wised monitoring images. In the proposed setup LED light sources are installed on each side of the optical camera with polarizing filters. For every printed layer, two images of powder bed are captured using each light source before recoating. The images are calibrated and stacked afterwards to get the polarized monitoring image at the current layer. The polarized image made in the new setup shows significant improvement of contrast between printed part and powder. The illumination setup was tested on an EOS M290 LPBF machine with AlSi10Mg powder. Polarized monitoring images were compared with images under original machine illumination. The result shows the distinguishable difference between grey values of printed parts and powder bed, where the geometry of the printed part can be extracted with F1 score = 0.977 using Otsu binarization algorithm.
A Multi-Modal Data-Driven Decision Fusion Method for Process Monitoring in Metal Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Kim Jaehyuk , Lu Yan , Yeung Ho , Lane Brandon , Jones Albert , Ndiaye Yande 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Data fusion techniques aim to improve inference results or decision making by ‘combining’ multiple data sources. Additive manufacturing (AM) in-situ monitoring systems measure various physical phenomena and generate multiple types of data. Data types that occur at different scales and sampling rates during a build process. Data types that can be used to monitor the state of that process. Monitoring typically requires software tools to analyze multiple data sources. There are two reasons. First, data only from an individual data source may not be accurate enough or large enough to monitor the process stat. Second, a single source will be limited by the relevancy of the observations, signal-to-noise ratio, or other measurement uncertainties.
This work proposes a decision-level, multimodal, data fusion method that combines multiple, in-situ, AM monitoring data sources to improve overall, process-monitoring performance. The work is based on a recent, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) experiment that was conducted to create overhang surfaces throughout a 3D part. The data from that experiment is used to illustrate and validate the proposed method. The overhang features were designed with different shapes. angles, and build locations. The features are formed using constant laser power and scan speed. A high-frequency, coaxial, melt-pool, imaging system and a low-frequency layerwise staring camera are the two, in-situ, monitoring, data sources used in that experiment. The Naïve Bayes and the k-nearest-neighbors algorithms are first applied to each data set for overhang feature detection. Then both hard voting and soft voting are adopted in fusing the classification outcomes. The results show that while none of the individual classifiers are perfect in detecting overhang features, the fused decision of the 324 test samples achieved 100% detection accuracy.
Advantages of Additive Manufacturing Technology in Damping Improvement of Turbine Blading
Authors: Moneta Grzegorz , Fedasz Michal , Szmidt Michal , Cieslak Slawomir , Krzymien Wieslaw 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Classical turbine blade design philosophy assumes so-called resonance-free dynamic solution (avoiding resonances for characteristic rotational speeds) achieved by eigenfrequency tunning. To meet current market demands, modern engines need: to operate with higher load, operate at higher firing temperatures, to startup and shutdown faster and more frequently. Therefore, the rotating blade must be more often designed as the resonance-proof component under circumstances of the variable rotational speed and varying thermal conditions. A century of turbine engine development has provided many solutions for improvement of High Cycle Fatigue lifetime of the blading. One of them is damping optimization through advanced design of parts. There are few main damping mechanisms occurring during blade vibrations: material damping, aerodynamical damping (usually below 0.3%) and frictional damping (depending on the design). Nowadays, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) and especially Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) allow to manufacture multifunctional and complex components with high structural integrity and extended lifetime. An example of uncooled turbine blade design of a jet engine has been studied. Two designs have been modelled and manufactured using LPBF technology: a baseline design (‘Solid Blade’) and a new design where the airfoil was filled with a matrix of pockets with pins and lattice bars surrounded by non-fused powder (‘Lattice Blade’). Then, the damping ratio has been assessed for both designs using electrodynamic shaker tests — the response was measured by laser vibrometer. Except material damping occurring in the baseline design, the new sophisticated design has additional damping mechanisms: the wave propagates through different media (changes of wave propagation speed, wave reflections), energy dissipates in the non-fused metal powder (friction between powder particles), solid pins in the pockets vibrate independently (act as dynamic dampers and improve energy dissipation in the powder), lattice bars in the pockets transfer the vibration wave to the powder (activate energy dissipation in the whole volume of the non-fused powder). The results of shaker tests show significant damping ratio increase for all investigated modes in this study — comparable to such damping features like friction under-platform dampers and damping bolts. Additionally, the LPBF approach has a multi-functional character — except significant improvement of damping ratio, the mass can be reduced (in this case decreased by about 6%), eigenfrequency can be tuned to avoid resonance, the stress concentration factors can be reduced (which is planned for next studies), etc. The proposed new design has not been optimized so far, giving wide margin for further improvements of the damping performance.
Supplemental Material: Melting of fault gouge at shallow depth during the 2008 M<sub>W</sub> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Haibing , al. et 
Published: January 2023

<p>Additional information about the surface rupture zones, sample collection and preparation, compositions of the fault rocks, friction experiments, and dissolution simulation of the pseudotachylyte. </p>
Barriers and facilitators to continuity and co-ordination of healthcare for under 18 years old: a systematic review
Authors: Navein Alice , Gonzalez-Viana Eva , Mehmeti Agnesa , Hargreaves Dougal , Elvins Rachel , Churchill Richard 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo determine views and experiences of babies, children and young people relating to continuity of their healthcare.DesignQualitative systematic review.SettingPrimary research from UK settings where NHS-commissioned or local authority-commissioned healthcare is provided. Systematic reviews from UK and non-UK high-income countries.PopulationBabies, children and young people under 18 years old with experience of healthcare. Parental and/or carer perspectives only included if children are under 5 years old or unable to express their own view.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresThematic analysis of the benefits and facilitators to continuity of care for babies, children and young people.Results20 047 abstracts were screened; 186 full-text articles were reviewed; 11 papers fulfilled the review criteria. From these, four main themes and 14 subthemes were identified. The theme ‘individuals’ had four subthemes: ‘knowledge of healthcare system’, ‘support’, ‘personal lives’ and ‘results’. The theme ‘healthcare professionals’ had four subthemes: ‘interservice communication’, ‘collaboration with babies, children and young people’, ‘communications’ and ‘relationships with healthcare professionals’. The theme ‘practical’ had four subthemes: ‘colocation’, ‘appointment times’, ‘referrals’ and ‘waiting times’. The theme ‘technological’ had two subthemes: ‘ease of use’ and ‘complements current healthcare management’.ConclusionsContinuity of healthcare for babies, children and young people can enhance clinical outcomes but requires active facilitation by healthcare providers and services, especially in circumstances where individuals or their families are less able to advocate for themselves. A range of barriers and facilitators were identified together with recommendations for enhancing continuity of care.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019145566.
Survey of transfusion practices in preterm infants in Europe
Authors: Scrivens Alexandra , Reibel Nora Johanna , Heeger Lisanne , Stanworth Simon , Lopriore Enrico , New Helen V , Dame Christof , Fijnvandraat Karin , Deschmann Emöke , Aguar Marta , Brække Kristin , Cardona Francesco Stefano , Cools Filip , Farrugia Ryan , Ghirardello Stefano , Lozar Jana , Matasova Katarina , Muehlbacher Tobias , Sankilampi Ulla , Soares Henrique , Szabo Miklos , Szczapa Tomasz , Zaharie Gabriela , Roehr Charles Christoph , Fustolo-Gunnink Suzanne 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPreterm infants commonly receive red blood cell (RBC), platelet and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions. The aim of this Neonatal Transfusion Network survey was to describe current transfusion practices in Europe and to compare our findings to three recent randomised controlled trials to understand how clinical practice relates to the trial data.MethodsFrom October to December 2020, we performed an online survey among 597 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) caring for infants with a gestational age (GA) of <32 weeks in 18 European countries.ResultsResponses from 343 NICUs (response rate: 57%) are presented and showed substantial variation in clinical practice. For RBC transfusions, 70% of NICUs transfused at thresholds above the restrictive thresholds tested in the recent trials and 22% below the restrictive thresholds. For platelet transfusions, 57% of NICUs transfused at platelet count thresholds above 25×109/L in non-bleeding infants of GA of <28 weeks, while the 25×109/L threshold was associated with a lower risk of harm in a recent trial. FFP transfusions were administered for coagulopathy without active bleeding in 39% and for hypotension in 25% of NICUs. Transfusion volume, duration and rate varied by factors up to several folds between NICUs.ConclusionsTransfusion thresholds and aspects of administration vary widely across European NICUs. In general, transfusion thresholds used tend to be more liberal compared with data from recent trials supporting the use of more restrictive thresholds. Further research is needed to identify the barriers and enablers to incorporation of recent trial findings into neonatal transfusion practice.
The creation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children aged 0–3 years: combining subject matter expert judgements with big data
Authors: McCray Gareth , McCoy Dana , Kariger Patricia , Janus Magdalena , Black Maureen M , Chang Susan M , Tofail Fahmida , Eekhout Iris , Waldman Marcus , van Buuren Stef , Khanam Rasheda , Sazawal Sunil , Nizar Ambreen , Schönbeck Yvonne , Zongo Arsène , Brentani Alexandra , Zhang Yunting , Dua Tarun , Cavallera Vanessa , Raikes Abbie , Weber Ann M , Bromley Kieran , Baqui Abdullah , Dutta Arunangshu , Nisar Imran , Detmar Symone B , Anago Romuald , Mercadante Pacifico , Jiang Fan , Kaur Raghbir , Hepworth Katelyn , Rubio-Codina Marta , Kembou Samuel N , Ahmed Salahuddin , Lancaster Gill A , Gladstone Melissa 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionWith the ratification of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is an increased emphasis on early childhood development (ECD) and well-being. The WHO led Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) project aims to provide population and programmatic level measures of ECD for 0–3 years that are valid, reliable and have psychometrically stable performance across geographical, cultural and language contexts. This paper reports on the creation of two measures: (1) the GSED Short Form (GSED-SF)—a caregiver reported measure for population-evaluation—self-administered with no training required and (2) the GSED Long Form (GSED-LF)—a directly administered/observed measure for programmatic evaluation—administered by a trained professional.MethodsWe selected 807 psychometrically best-performing items using a Rasch measurement model from an ECD measurement databank which comprised 66 075 children assessed on 2211 items from 18 ECD measures in 32 countries. From 766 of these items, in-depth subject matter expert judgements were gathered to inform final item selection. Specifically collected were data on (1) conceptual matches between pairs of items originating from different measures, (2) developmental domain(s) measured by each item and (3) perceptions of feasibility of administration of each item in diverse contexts. Prototypes were finalised through a combination of psychometric performance evaluation and expert consensus to optimally identify items.ResultsWe created the GSED-SF (139 items) and GSED-LF (157 items) for tablet-based and paper-based assessments, with an optimal set of items that fit the Rasch model, met subject matter expert criteria, avoided conceptual overlap, covered multiple domains of child development and were feasible to implement across diverse settings.ConclusionsState-of-the-art quantitative and qualitative procedures were used to select of theoretically relevant and globally feasible items representing child development for children aged 0–3 years. GSED-SF and GSED-LF will be piloted and validated in children across diverse cultural, demographic, social and language contexts for global use.
Expression and correlation of PD-L1 and HER2 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rong Lulu , Zhao Hongying , Li Yunlong , Jin Mulan , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2023

AimsIn recent years, patients with programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been able to benefit from immunotherapy. However, method for improving the treatment efficacy of PD-L1-positive patients is a problem that needs further consideration. Studies on the relationship between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and PD-L1 expression have recently been reported in certain cancers, but the relationship between PD-L1 and HER2 expression in OSCC is still unclear.MethodsA total of 263 patients with OSCC were included in the study. PD-L1 protein expression and HER2 protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed to assessHER2gene amplification. The significance of differences between HER2 status, PD-L1 status and clinicopathological parameters was assessed. The relationship between PD-L1 status and HER2 status was examined.ResultsOf the 263 OSCC cases, the PD-L1-positive expression rates were 39.2% and 77.2% in OSCC for Tumour Proportion Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Score (CPS), respectively, and PD-L1 expression was associated with the degree of tumour differentiation. The HER2 expression was positive in 24% (63/263) of cases based on IHC and FISH. HER2 expression was not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics. PD-L1 TPS expression and CPS expression were significantly positively correlated with HER2 expression in OSCC.ConclusionsPD-L1 expression was significantly positively correlated with HER2 expression in OSCC. The results provide valuable insight for the future application of HER2-targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in OSCC.
GSNgene frameshift mutations in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jiang Yaling , Wan Meidan , Xiao XueWen , Lin Zhuojie , Liu Xixi , Zhou Yafang , Liao Xinxin , Lin Jingyi , Zhou Hui , Zhou Lu , Weng Ling , Wang Junling , Guo Jifeng , Jiang Hong , Zhang Zhuohua , Xia Kun , Li Jiada , Tang Beisha , Jiao Bin , Shen Lu 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe pathogenic missense mutations of the gelsolin (GSN) gene lead to familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF); however, our previous study identifiedGSNframeshift mutations existed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TheGSNgenotype–phenotype heterogeneity and the role ofGSNframeshift mutations in patients with AD are unclear.MethodIn total, 1192 patients with AD and 1403 controls were screened through whole genome sequencing, and 884 patients with AD were enrolled for validation. Effects ofGSNmutations were evaluated in vitro. GSN, Aβ42, Aβ40 and Aβ42/40 were detected in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).ResultsSix patients with AD withGSNP3fs and K346fs mutations (0.50%, 6/1192) were identified, who were diagnosed with AD but not FAF. In addition, 13 patients with AD withGSNframeshift mutations were found in the validation cohort (1.47%, 13/884). Further in vitro experiments showed that both K346fs and P3fs mutations led to theGSNloss of function in inhibiting Aβ-induced toxicity. Moreover, a higher level of plasma (p=0.001) and CSF (p=0.005) GSN was observed in AD cases than controls, and a positive correlation was found between the CSF GSN and CSF Aβ42 (r=0.289, p=0.009). Besides, the GSN level was initially increasing and then decreasing with the disease course and cognitive decline.ConclusionsGSNframeshift mutations may be associated with AD. An increase in plasma GSN is probably a compensatory reaction in AD, which is a potential biomarker for early AD.
NFE2L2Mutations Enhance Radioresistance in Head and Neck Cancer by Modulating Intratumoral Myeloid Cells
Authors: Guan Li , Nambiar Dhanya K. , Cao Hongbin , Viswanathan Vignesh , Kwok Shirley , Hui Angela B. , Hou Yuan , Hildebrand Rachel , von Eyben Rie , Holmes Brittany J. , Zhao Junfei , Kong Christina S. , Wamsley Nathan , Zhang Weiruo , Major Michael B. , Seol Seung W. , Sunwoo John B. , Hayes D. Neil , Diehn Maximilian , Le Quynh-Thu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is one of the primary treatments of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which has a high-risk of locoregional failure (LRF). Presently, there is no reliable predictive biomarker of radioresistance in HNSCC. Here, we found that mutations in NFE2L2, which encodes Nrf2, are associated with a significantly higher rate of LRF in patients with oral cavity cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy but not in those treated with surgery alone. Somatic mutation of NFE2L2 led to Nrf2 activation and radioresistance in HNSCC cells. Tumors harboring mutant Nrf2E79Q were substantially more radioresistant than tumors with wild-type Nrf2 in immunocompetent mice, whereas the difference was diminished in immunocompromised mice. Nrf2E79Q enhanced radioresistance through increased recruitment of intratumoral polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) and reduction of M1-polarized macrophages. Treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 overcame the radioresistance induced by Nrf2E79Q or Nrf2E79K. RT increased expression of PMN-MDSC–attracting chemokines, including CXCL1, CXLC3, and CSF3, in Nrf2E79Q-expressing tumors via the TLR4, which could be reversed by CB-839. This study provides insights into the impact of NFE2L2 mutations on radioresistance and suggests that CB-839 can increase radiosensitivity by switching intratumoral myeloid cells to an antitumor phenotype, supporting clinical testing of CB-839 with RT in HNSCC with NFE2L2 mutations.Significance:NFE2L2 mutations are predictive biomarkers of radioresistance in head and neck cancer and confer sensitivity to glutaminase inhibitors to overcome radioresistance.