bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Lipid Nanoparticles Alleviate Established Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Li Dongjun , Zhao Ang , Zhu Jiafei , Wang Chunjie , Shen Jingjing , Zheng Zixuan , Pan Feng , Liu Zhuang , Chen Qian , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis, a sequela of lung injury resulting from severe infection such as severe acute respiratory syndrome‐like coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, is a kind of life‐threatening lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Herein, inhalable liposomes encapsulating metformin, a first‐line antidiabetic drug that has been reported to effectively reverse pulmonary fibrosis by modulating multiple metabolic pathways, and nintedanib, a well‐known antifibrotic drug that has been widely used in the clinic, are developed for pulmonary fibrosis treatment. The composition of liposomes made of neutral, cationic or anionic lipids, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is optimized by evaluating their retention in the lung after inhalation. Neutral liposomes with suitable PEG shielding are found to be ideal delivery carriers for metformin and nintedanib with significantly prolonged retention in the lung. Moreover, repeated noninvasive aerosol inhalation delivery of metformin and nintedanib loaded liposomes can effectively diminish the development of fibrosis and improve pulmonary function in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting myofibroblast deactivation and apoptosis, inhibiting transforming growth factor 1 (TGFβ1) action, suppressing collagen formation, and inducing lipogenic differentiation. Therefore, this work presents a versatile platform with promising clinical translation potential for the noninvasive inhalation delivery of drugs for respiratory disease treatment.
Engineering Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhu Yang , Liao Yaxin , Zou Jianhua , Cheng Junjie , Pan Yuanbo , Lin Lisen , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanomaterials with enzyme‐mimicking properties, coined as nanozymes, are a promising alternative to natural enzymes owing to their remarkable advantages, such as high stability, easy preparation, and favorable catalytic performance. Recently, with the rapid development of nanotechnology and characterization techniques, single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed active sites, well‐defined electronic and geometric structures, tunable coordination environment, and maximum metal atom utilization are developed and exploited. With superior catalytic performance and selectivity, SAzymes have made impressive progress in biomedical applications and are expected to bridge the gap between artificial nanozymes and natural enzymes. Herein, the recent advances in SAzyme preparation methods, catalytic mechanisms, and biomedical applications are systematically summarized. Their biomedical applications in cancer therapy, oxidative stress cytoprotection, antibacterial therapy, and biosensing are discussed in depth. Furthermore, to appreciate these advances, the main challenges, and prospects for the future development of SAzymes are also outlined and highlighted in this review.
Midline suprapineal pseudocyst in brain of fetuses with open spina bifida
Authors: Kunpalin Y. , Sichitiu J. , Krishan P. , Blaser S. , Shannon P. , Van Mieghem T. , Shinar S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesRecently, it was noted that fetuses with open spina bifida (OSB) may have a midline cystic structure evident on ultrasound. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of this cystic structure, shed light on its pathophysiology and investigate the association between its presence and other characteristic brain findings in fetuses with OSB.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study of all fetuses with OSB and available cineloop images in the axial plane referred to the Ontario Fetal Centre, Toronto, Canada, between June 2017 and May 2022. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data obtained between 18 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks were reviewed in search of a midline cystic structure. Pregnancy and lesion characteristics were collected. Transcerebellar diameter (TCD), clivus–supraocciput angle (CSA) and additional brain abnormalities (abnormal cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), abnormal corpus callosum (CC) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH)) were assessed. In cases ofin‐uterorepair, imaging findings were reviewed postoperatively. In cases of termination, neuropathological findings were reviewed, if available.ResultsOf 76 fetuses with OSB, 56 (73.7%) had a suprapineal cystic structure on ultrasound. The percentage of agreement between ultrasound and MRI detection was 91.5% (Cohen's kappa coefficient, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.57–0.98)). Brain autopsy in terminated cases revealed a dilatation of the posterior third ventricle, with redundant tela choroidea and arachnoid forming the membranous roof of the third ventricle, anterior and superior to the pineal gland. A cyst wall could not be identified, indicating that the structure was a pseudocyst. The presence of the pseudocyst was associated with a smaller CSA (pseudocyst absent, 62.11 ± 9.60°vspseudocyst present, 52.71 ± 8.22°;P = 0.04). When the pseudocyst was present, its area was correlated inversely with TCD (r, −0.28 (95% CI, −0.51 to −0.02);P = 0.04). Fetal surgery did not have any impact on the growth rate of the pseudocyst (fetal surgery, 5.07 ± 3.29 mm2/weekvsexpectant management, 4.35 ± 3.17 mm2/week;P = 0.58). The presence of the pseudocyst was not associated with abnormal CSP, CC or presence of PNH. None of the cases with available postnatal follow‐up required surgical procedure related to the pseudocyst.ConclusionsApproximately 75% of all OSB cases have a suprapineal pseudocyst. Its presence is associated with the degree of hindbrain herniation but not with abnormalities of the CSP and CC or presence of PNH. Thus, it should not be regarded as additional brain pathology and should not preclude fetuses from undergoing fetal surgery for OSB. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Gut microbiota-mediated associations of green tea and catechin intakes with glucose metabolism in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a four-season observational study with mediation analysis
Authors: Ito Aoi , Matsui Yuji , Takeshita Masao , Katashima Mitsuhiro , Goto Chiho , Kuriki Kiyonori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis four-season observational study aimed to examine the mediating role of the gut microbiota in the associations between green tea and catechin intakes and glucose metabolism in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In each of the 4 seasons, 85 individuals without T2DM (56 male [65.9%]; mean [standard deviation] age: 43.3 [9.4] years) provided blood samples, stool samples, 3-day weighed dietary records, and green tea samples. Catechin intake was estimated by analyzing the tea samples. Linear mixed-effects model analysis showed that green tea intake was negatively associated with fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, even after considering the seasonal variations. Of the gut microbial species associated with green tea intake, the mediation analysis revealed that Phocaeicola vulgatus mediated the association between green tea intake and fasting blood glucose levels. These findings indicate that green tea can improve glucose metabolism by decreasing the abundance of P. vulgatus that is associated with elevated blood glucose levels in individuals without T2DM.
Radioligand therapies in cancer: mapping the educational landscape in Europe
Authors: Bugani Valentina , Battistelli Luca , Sansovini Maddalena , Monti Manuela , Paganelli Giovanni , Gich Ignasi , Flotats Albert , Erba Paola Anna , Blay Jean-Yves , la Fougère Christian , Van Poppel Hendrik , Charalambous Andreas , Herrmann Ken , Giordano Alessandro , Györke Tamás , Deroose Christophe , Matteucci Federica , Carrió Ignasi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim
We performed a systematic survey to assess the existing gaps in Europe in multidisciplinary education for integration of radioligand therapy (RLT) into cancer care and to obtain detailed information on the current limitations and key contents relevant.

Methods
A high-quality questionnaire, with emphasis on survey scales, formulation, and validity of the different items, was designed. An expert validation process was undertaken. The survey was circulated among medical specialties involved in cancer treatment, universities, and nursing organizations. Questionnaires (156) were distributed, and 95 responses received.

Results
Sevety-eight percent of medical societies indicated that training in RLT was very important and 12% important. Eighty-eight percent indicated that their specialty training program included RLT. Twenty-six percent were satisfied with the existing structure of training in RLTs. Ninety-four percent indicated that the existing training is based on theory and hands-on experience. Main identified limitations were lack of centers ready to train and of personnel available for teaching. Sixty-five percent indicated that national programs could be expanded. Fifty percent of consulted universities indicated partial or scarce presence of RLT contents in their teaching programs. In 26% of the cases, the students do not have the chance to visit a RLT facility. A large majority of the universities are interested in further expansion of RLT contents in their curriculums. Nursing organizations almost never (44.4%) or occasionally (33.3%) include RLT contents in the education of nurses and technologists. Hands-on experience is almost never (38%) and sometimes (38%) offered. However, 67% of centers indicated high interest in expanding RLT contents.

Conclusion
Centers involved recognize the importance of the training and indicate a need for inclusion of additional clinical content, imaging analysis, and interpretation as well as extended hands-on training. A concerted effort to adapt current programs and a shift towards multidisciplinary training programs is necessary for proper education in RLT in Europe.
Application of Doehlert design in optimizing the solid-state hydrogenogenic stage augmented with biomass fly ash in a two-stage biohythane production process
Authors: Alavi-Borazjani Seyedeh Azadeh , de Faria Gomes Helena Gil Martins , da Cruz Tarelho Luís António , Capela Maria Isabel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract This study aimed to optimize the solid-state hydrogenogenic stage supplemented with biomass fly ash in a two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) process for biohythane production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Doehlert’s experimental design was used to obtain the optimal set of two investigated variables, namely total solids (TS) content and biomass fly ash dosage in the defined ranges of 0–20 g/L and 20–40%, respectively. Applying the optimal conditions of TS content (29.1%) and fly ash dosage (19.2 g/L) in the first stage led not only to a total H2 yield of 95 mL/gVSadded, which was very close to the maximum H2 yield predicted by the developed model (97 mL/gVSadded), but also to a high CH4 yield of 400 mL/gVSadded (76% of the theoretical CH4 yield). Moreover, the biohythane obtained from the optimized two-stage process met the standards of a biohythane fuel with an H2 content of 19% v/v.
The role of integrated psychological support in breast cancer patients: a randomized monocentric prospective study evaluating the Fil-Rouge Integrated Psycho-Oncological Support (FRIPOS) program
Authors: Civilotti Cristina , Lucchini Diana , Fogazzi Gianluca , Palmieri Fabrizio , Benenati Alice , Buffoli Alberto , Girardi Veronica , Ruzzenenti Nella , Di Betta Alessia , Donarelli Edoardo , Veglia Fabio , Di Fini Giulia , Gandino Gabriella 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study examined the effects of Fil-Rouge Integrated Psycho-Oncological Support (FRIPOS) in a group of women with breast cancer compared with a group receiving treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods
The research design was a randomized, monocentric, prospective study with three time points of data collection: after the preoperative phase (T0), in the initial phase of treatments (T1), and 3 months after the start of treatments (T2). The FRIPOS group (N = 103) and the TAU group (N = 79) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) at T0; the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23 at T1; and SCL-90-R, EORTC QLQ-C30, and EORTC QLQ-BR23 at T2.

Results
A series of independent and paired t tests showed that patients in the FRIPOS group performed better on all scales related to symptomatic manifestations and on some quality of life scales (fatigue, dyspnea, and sleep disturbances) at T2. In addition, a series of ten multiple regressions were performed to predict each SCL subscale at T2 from the SCL score at T0 and the EORTC QLQ-C30 scores at T2. In nine of ten regression models (all except somatization), both FRIPOS group membership and QoL subscale contributed significantly to prediction.

Conclusions
This study suggests that patients in the FRIPOS group have more benefits in emotional, psychological, and collateral symptoms than patients in the TAU group and that these improvements are due to integrated psycho-oncology care.
Incentives for prosocial behavior under reputation persistence and policy lags
Authors: Candel-Sánchez Francisco , Perote-Peña Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper we show that a policy based on incentives to promote prosocial activities can be counterproductive in a context where the agents’ reputation exhibits persistence over time and there exists a time lag between announcement of the policy and implementation. Reputation persistence in our model means that the reputation gained in past periods constrains the possibilities of changing reputation in the future. We present a two-period model in which agents use prosocial activities to signal their degree of altruism. If a subsidy is established for the second period, the set of agents that undertake social activities in that period enlarges. This worsens the reputation of the most altruistic agents, some of whom then react by decreasing their involvement in prosocial activities in the first period. We identify a condition under which subsidies cause a decrease in the global supply of pro-social activities.
Post-revascularization Ejection Fraction Prediction for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Based on Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging Radiomics: a Preliminary Machine Learning Study
Authors: Mohebi Mobin , Amini Mehdi , Alemzadeh-Ansari Mohammad Javad , Alizadehasl Azin , Rajabi Ahmad Bitarafan , Shiri Isaac , Zaidi Habib , Orooji Mahdi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, the ability of radiomics features extracted from myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT (MPI-SPECT) was investigated for the prediction of ejection fraction (EF) post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment. A total of 52 patients who had undergone pre-PCI MPI-SPECT were enrolled in this study. After normalization of the images, features were extracted from the left ventricle, initially automatically segmented by k-means and active contour methods, and finally edited and approved by an expert radiologist. More than 1700 2D and 3D radiomics features were extracted from each patient’s scan. A cross-combination of three feature selections and seven classifier methods was implemented. Three classes of no or dis-improvement (class 1), improved EF from 0 to 5% (class 2), and improved EF over 5% (class 3) were predicted by using tenfold cross-validation. Lastly, the models were evaluated based on accuracy, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F-score. Neighborhood component analysis (NCA) selected the most predictive feature signatures, including Gabor, first-order, and NGTDM features. Among the classifiers, the best performance was achieved by the fine KNN classifier, which yielded mean accuracy, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F-score of 0.84, 0.83, 0.75, 0.87, 0.78, and 0.76, respectively, in 100 iterations of classification, within the 52 patients with 10-fold cross-validation. The MPI-SPECT-based radiomic features are well suited for predicting post-revascularization EF and therefore provide a helpful approach for deciding on the most appropriate treatment.
Evaluation of Semiautomatic and Deep Learning–Based Fully Automatic Segmentation Methods on [18F]FDG PET/CT Images from Patients with Lymphoma: Influence on Tumor Characterization
Authors: Constantino Cláudia S. , Leocádio Sónia , Oliveira Francisco P. M. , Silva Mariana , Oliveira Carla , Castanheira Joana C. , Silva Ângelo , Vaz Sofia , Teixeira Ricardo , Neves Manuel , Lúcio Paulo , João Cristina , Costa Durval C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective is to assess the performance of seven semiautomatic and two fully automatic segmentation methods on [18F]FDG PET/CT lymphoma images and evaluate their influence on tumor quantification. All lymphoma lesions identified in 65 whole-body [18F]FDG PET/CT staging images were segmented by two experienced observers using manual and semiautomatic methods. Semiautomatic segmentation using absolute and relative thresholds, k-means and Bayesian clustering, and a self-adaptive configuration (SAC) of k-means and Bayesian was applied. Three state-of-the-art deep learning–based segmentations methods using a 3D U-Net architecture were also applied. One was semiautomatic and two were fully automatic, of which one is publicly available. Dice coefficient (DC) measured segmentation overlap, considering manual segmentation the ground truth. Lymphoma lesions were characterized by 31 features. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed features agreement between different segmentation methods. Nine hundred twenty [18F]FDG-avid lesions were identified. The SAC Bayesian method achieved the highest median intra-observer DC (0.87). Inter-observers’ DC was higher for SAC Bayesian than manual segmentation (0.94 vs 0.84, p < 0.001). Semiautomatic deep learning–based median DC was promising (0.83 (Obs1), 0.79 (Obs2)). Threshold-based methods and publicly available 3D U-Net gave poorer results (0.56 ≤ DC ≤ 0.68). Maximum, mean, and peak standardized uptake values, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis showed excellent agreement (ICC ≥ 0.92) between manual and SAC Bayesian segmentation methods. The SAC Bayesian classifier is more reproducible and produces similar lesion features compared to manual segmentation, giving the best concordant results of all other methods. Deep learning–based segmentation can achieve overall good segmentation results but failed in few patients impacting patients’ clinical evaluation.
Thermal and behavioural responses of moose to chemical immobilisation from a helicopter
Authors: Græsli Anne Randi , Thiel Alexandra , Beumer Larissa T. , Fuchs Boris , Stenbacka Fredrik , Neumann Wiebke , Singh Navinder J. , Ericsson Göran , Arnemo Jon M. , Evans Alina L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInstrumentation and sample collection for wildlife research and management may require chemical immobilisation of animals, which may entail physiological and behavioural effects on them. It is therefore important to evaluate the immobilisation protocols to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity of the handled animals and their populations. Using a multi-sensor approach, we assessed the short-term (< 10 days) thermal and behavioural responses of 10 adult female moose (Alces alces) equipped with ruminal temperature loggers and GPS collars with accelerometers to helicopter-based chemical immobilisations. We investigated the body temperature (Tb), movement rates, and resting time before, during, and after recapture. Chemical immobilisations on average increased maximum Tb by 0.71 °C during the capture day, and imposed longer travel distances during the capture day and the two following days (3.8 and 1.8 km, respectively), compared to a 10-day reference period before the immobilisation. The probability of resting was 5–6% lower on the capture day and the two following days compared to the reference period, and females with offspring had a higher probability of resting than females without. Maximum Tb, movement rate, and resting time returned to pre-capture levels on an individual level 2 h, 3 days, and 3 days after the immobilisation, respectively. Chemical immobilisation of moose from a helicopter increases the energy expenditure deduced through movement and Tb rise lasting for hours to days. Ecological and physiological studies aimed at inferring general patterns may encounter bias if including sensor and tracking data from tagged animals without accounting for potential post-capture effects.
Perceptions of control over different causes of death and the accuracy of risk estimations
Authors: Brown Richard , Sillence Elizabeth , Pepper Gillian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
A large number of deaths could be avoided by improving health behaviours. The degree to which people invest in their long-term health is influenced by how much they believe they can control their risk of death. Identifying causes of death believed to be uncontrollable, but likely to occur, may provide actionable targets for health interventions to increase control beliefs and encourage healthier behaviours.

Method
We recruited a nationally representative online sample of 1500 participants in the UK. We assessed perceived control, perceived personal likelihood of death, certainty of risk estimation, and perceived knowledge for 20 causes of death. We also measured overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR) and perceived prevalence for each of the Office for National Statistics’ categories of avoidable death.

Findings
Risk of death due to cancer was considered highly likely to occur but largely beyond individual control. Cardiovascular disease was considered moderately controllable and a likely cause of death. Drugs and alcohol were perceived as risks both high in control and low in likelihood of death. However, perceptions of control over specific causes of death were found not to predict overall PUMR, with the exception of cardiovascular disease. Finally, our sample substantially overestimated the prevalence of drug and alcohol-related deaths in the UK.

Conclusions
We suggest that more can be done by public health communicators to emphasise the lifestyle and behavioural changes that individuals can make to reduce their general cancer risk. More work is needed to understand the barriers to engaging with preventative behaviours and maintaining a healthy heart. Finally, we call for greater journalistic responsibility when reporting health risks to the public.