bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilizing an Institutional Research Enterprise to Support Pandemic Diagnostic Care: Establishing a Clinical Laboratory Volunteer Operation
Authors: Weiss Andy , Laut Clare L. , Antoine-Reid Thessicar , Skaar Eric P. , Schmitz Jonathan E. 
Published: December 2022

Context.—
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a worldwide crisis that created unprecedented challenges for the health care system, including diagnostic laboratories that faced an ever-increasing demand for SARS-CoV-2 testing.

Objective.—
To share our experiences mobilizing a large-scale volunteer operation within a diagnostic laboratory in response to the COVID-19 crisis. In particular, during the early stages of the pandemic, research scientists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center were called upon to address challenges put forth by the rapid increase in testing demands. Volunteer scientists became a valuable resource to the clinical laboratory team after stay-at-home orders were in place and rapid diagnostic capabilities for COVID-19 were not yet widespread, thus necessitating significant manual laboratory analysis to support patient care. However, these volunteer efforts were not without challenges, including considerations around the licensure of clinical laboratory workers. Requirements can differ significantly between states and, in our case, were alleviated by an emergency gubernatorial decree.

Data Sources.—
We summarize these experiences here as an operational roadmap for other institutions that wish to leverage biomedical research staff in response to future emergencies. We include recruitment and organizational schemes, as well as results of a survey that details participant experiences and identifies strategies for optimization. Lastly, we present considerations around long-term hosting of clinical laboratory volunteers, beyond just the initial stages of an emergency.

Conclusions.—
Through strategic implementation, scientists can provide diagnostic laboratories with invaluable support in times of need, while maintaining high clinical quality and regulatory compliance.
Role of chest radiograph in predicting the need for ventilator support in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Patnayak G , Rastogi R , Khajuria L , Mohan A , Jain N , Varshney R , Singh V K , Patrap V , Pathak S , Jain A , Duggad K 
Published: December 2022

Background. COVID‐19 disease, a pandemic for more than two years, has major morbidity and mortality related to pulmonary involvement. Chest radiography is the main imaging tool for critically-ill patients. As the availability of arterial blood gas analysis is limited in the Level I and II healthcare centres, major partners in providing healthcare in resource‐limited times, we planned the present study.
Objective. To assess the role of chest radiography in predicting the need for oxygen/ventilator support in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. Methods. This hospital‐based, retrospective study included 135 patients who needed oxygen/ventilator support and had optimal‐quality chest radiographs at admission. All the chest X‐rays were evaluated and a severity score was calculated on a predesigned pro forma. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained was done using appropriate tools and methods.
Results. Males outnumbered females, with a mean age of 54.35 ± 14.49 years. More than 72% of patients included in our study needed ventilator support while the rest needed oxygen support. There was a significant statistical correlation between the chest radiograph severity score and SPO2/PaO2 levels in our study. Using a cut‐off value >8 for the chest radiograph severity score in predicting the need for ventilator support in a Covid‐19 patient, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was 85.7%, 92.5% and 89.5%, respectively. Conclusions. Chest radiography remains the mainstay of imaging in critically ill COVID‐19 patients when they are on multiple life‐support systems. Though arterial blood gas analysis is the gold standard tool for assessing the need for oxygen/ventilator support in these patients, the severity score obtained from the initial chest radiograph at the time of admission may also be used as a screening tool. Chest radiography may predict the need for oxygen/ventilator support, allowing time for patients to be moved to an appropriate‐level healthcare centre, thus limiting morbidity and mortality.
Di Apollo e di alcune fondazioni seleucidi
Authors: Biagetti Claudio 
Published: December 2022

This paper questions the widespread view associating the Apollo’s epithet ἀρχηγέτης/ἀρχηγός with the Seleucid city foundations in the Greek East. Special attention is paid to the epigraphic and numismatic evidence coming from the poleis of Apameia in Syria and Hierapolis of Phrygia, where Apollo was honoured as divine ἀρχηγέτης in imperial times. A reassessment of the available sources does not substantiate the claim that the mention of Apollo Ἀρχηγέτης in the inscriptions from Apameia, Hierapolis and other cities of the Greek East automatically points to cults going back to the Seleucid period.
Influence of long-term participation in amateur sports on physical posture of teenagers
Authors: Huang Yongchao , Zhai Meiling , Zhou Shi , Jin Yahong , Wen Li , Zhao Yuqi , Han Xu 
Published: December 2022

Aim
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the influence of long-term participating in amateur sports on body posture of school students.

Methods
A survey on sport participation was conducted on 1,658 volunteer students aged from 6 to 17 years in two primary schools and one meddle school in Tianjin city. The PA200LE body posture evaluation system and a SpineScanSH-115 electronic spine measuring instrument were used to assess the participants’ body posture. According to the survey results and against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,124 eligible participants were divided into seven sport participation groups and seven age-matched control groups for statistical comparisons.

Results
Compared with the age-matched controls, the natural standing thoracic kyphosis angle of the swimming group (35.0 ± 9.5 VS 31.2 ± 8.5; t = − 2.560; p = 0.011) and the football group (34.6 ± 7.2 VS 31.9 ± 7.5; t = − 2.754; p = 0.006) were found to be significantly larger; the natural standing lumbar lordosis angle (−23.0 ± 11.0 VS −27.0 ± 11.1; t = 0.344; p = 0.024) and the upright sitting lumbar lordosis angle (−11.7 ± 8.4 VS −15.2 ± 12.3; t = 5.738; p = 0.030) of the swimming group was significantly smaller; the upright sitting thoracic kyphosis angle of the running group (25.1 ± 9.3 VS 22.6 ± 9.9; t = − 1.970; p = 0.050) was significantly larger; the upright sitting thoracic kyphosis angle (23.9 ± 8.9 VS 27.0 ± 7.6; t = 2.096; p = 0.038), the learning position thoracic kyphosis angle (31.0 ± 8.6 VS 37.1 ± 8.9; t = 3.076; p = 0.003), the shoulder level (−1.3 ± 2.1 VS 0.0 ± 2.5; t = 2.389; p = 0.019) and waist level (−1.2 ± 1.7 VS −0.3 ± 1.7; t = 2.511; p = 0.013) of the table tennis group were significantly smaller.

Conclusions
The results showed that long-term participation in recreational sports training had an impact on the physical posture of adolescents.
Correctional English as a second language literacy for male Latino parents
Authors: Mercado Norma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis qualitative study examines Latino Spanish‐speaking inmates' participation in an English literacy project. The research questions were: What is the impact of the project on the participants’ literacy development? How does a Latino literacy project for Spanish‐speaking inmates facilitate parent engagement? Data collection included qualitative questionnaires, participant journal entries, attendance sheets, field notes, and interviews with male inmate parents. This study provides adult educators working with inmates a closer look at the impact of culturally relevant programs and supports the need to offer diverse programs for Spanish‐speaking inmates.
Drug Self‐Delivery Systems: Molecule Design, Construction Strategy, and Biological Application
Authors: Liu Chengfei , Liu Caiping , Bai Yang , Wang Jingxia , Tian Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrug self‐delivery systems (DSDSs) offer new ways to create novel drug delivery systems (DDSs). In typical DSDSs, therapeutic reagents are not considered passive cargos but active delivery agents of actionable targets. As an advanced drug delivery strategy, DSDSs with positive cooperativity of both free drugs and nanocarriers exhibit the clear merits of unprecedented drug‐loading capacity, minimized systemic toxicity, and flexible preparation of nanoscale deliverables for passive targeted therapy. This review highlights the recent advances and future trends in DSDSs on the basis of two differently constructed structures: covalent and noncovalent bond‐based DSDSs. Specifically, various chemical and architectural designs, fabrication strategies, and responsive and functional features are comprehensively discussed for these two types of DSDSs. In addition, additional comments on the current development status of DSDSs and the potential applications of their molecular designs are presented in the corresponding discussion. Finally, the promising potential of DSDSs in biological applications is revealed and the relationship between preliminary molecular design of DSDSs and therapeutic effects of subsequent DSDSs biological applications is clarified.
High‐Efficiency and Mechanically Robust All‐Polymer Organic Photovoltaic Cells Enabled by Optimized Fibril Network Morphology
Authors: Ma Lijiao , Cui Yong , Zhang Jianqi , Xian Kaihu , Chen Zhihao , Zhou Kangkang , Zhang Tao , Wang Wenxuan , Yao Huifeng , Zhang Shaoqing , Hao Xiaotao , Ye Long , Hou Jianhui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll‐polymer organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells possessing high photovoltaic performance and mechanical robustness are promising candidates for flexible wearable devices. However, developing photoactive materials with good mechanical properties and photovoltaic performance so far remains challenging. In this work, a polymer donor PBDB‐TF with a high weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) is introduced to enable highly efficient all‐polymer OPV cells featuring excellent mechanical reliability. By incorporating the high‐Mw PBDB‐TF as a third component into the PBQx‐TF:PY‐IT blend, the bulk heterojunction morphology is finely tuned with a more compact π–π stacking distance, affording efficient pathways for charge transport as well as mechanical stress dissipation. Hence, all‐polymer OPV cells based on the ternary blend film demonstrate a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with an outstanding fill factor of 0.796. The flexible OPV cell delivers a decent PCE of 16.5% with high mechanical stability. These results present a promising strategy to address the mechanical properties and boost the photovoltaic performance of all‐polymer OPV cells.
How the Eurasian Jay Expands its Color Palette by Optimizing Multiple Scattering
Authors: Jeon Deok‐Jin , Ji Seungmuk , Lee Eunok , Kang Jihun , D'Alba Liliana , Shawkey Matthew D. , Yeo Jong‐Souk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe production of structural color in nature is still incompletely understood. Multiple scattering exerts critical effects on synthetic disordered systems, but its effects on structural colors in natural materials are not yet well known. Here, electron microscopy, optical modeling, and biomimicry are used to show that variation in the thickness of the feather nanostructures creates periodic color variations in Eurasian jay wing covert feathers, with nanostructures within white feather regions being two times thicker than those in blue portions. This finding reveals that multiple scattering expands the natural color palette of the Eurasian jay by extending reflection to longer wavelengths in thicker spongy layers. Furthermore, it is found that the white color of Eurasian jay feathers is produced even in the presence of melanin due to a sufficiently thick spongy layer reflecting all visible wavelengths. Inspired by the Eurasian jay design solution, a one‐step self‐assembly method for mimicking periodic color variations in a synthetic context is described. Thus, the colors of natural color‐producing materials are modulated by changing only the thickness of the materials, leading to multiple scattering effects.
Ion‐specific effects in confined nanochannels and neural network
Authors: Wei Weichen , Wang Xuejiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of biological ion channels and their role in physiology, scientists have been trying to create artificial structures that mimic biological ion channels. Nanochannels such as biological/solid‐state nanopores and porous nanostructures can have fine‐tuned ion behaviors in a confined space where ions are “aggregated”. Thus, one of the most exciting applications of nanochannels is artificial neurons and neural network based on the ion‐specific effects and nanofluidics. In this review article, it is the first time that the ion aggregation behaviors inside the confined nanochannels are summarized, and their connection to neuroscience, especially the artificial neurons and neural network, is explored and envisioned.
Roles and Implications of Palindromic DNA in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Computational Analysis
Authors: Chen Yuqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundA palindrome in DNA is a sequence consisting of two adjacent identical or highly similar inverted repeats. Palindromes are distributed throughout the genome and play important roles in gene expression and regulation. Palindromic mutations are linked to many disease states, such as neuronal disorders, mental retardation, and various cancers.MethodA systematic review was conducted in which existing literature on the palindromic DNA within disease‐associated loci of AD is synthesised. Subsequent computational analysis of DNA palindromes within promoters, introns, and exons were characterised and discussed.ResultStudies included in the review identified palindromes and palindrome‐altering in the causative genes associated with AD, which may influence the fine tuning of APP and PSEN gene expression and/or alternative splicing of the transcript, leading to their different susceptibilities to beta‐amyloidosis. Results of computational analysis suggested roles in transcription factor binding and regulatory control within promoters, alongside implications for vulnerability of palindromic regions to genomic variation within introns. Mutations in intronic regions may introduce novel regulatory activity and affect splice sites. Comparisons with the mice genome showed differential tolerance of longer unstable palindromic sequences.ConclusionOverall, the results from this study serve as a resource of identified AD‐associated palindromic sequences, which could affect various cellular processes leading to gene dysregulation and AD pathogenesis. Further research is warranted to enlighten their roles in the specific disease mechanism.
Culturally and linguistically appropriate home visit intervention for underserved dementia family caregivers: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Jung‐Ah , Ju Eunae , Zhang Jiuchen , Sabino‐Laughlin Eilleen , Rahmani Amir , Gibbs Lisa , Shin Sanghyuk , Qu Annie , Kehoe Priscilla , Nyamathi Adey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) suffer from stress and negative health outcomes related to round‐the‐clock caregiving responsibilities. Often caregivers lack awareness of community resources. Community Health Workers (CHW) have proven effective in educating families and can implement interventions that aim to reduce the impact of stress on their health. To alleviate caregiver burden among dementia family caregivers, this study has CHWs’ visit family caregivers’ homes offering education, stress reduction, and compassionate support/listening.MethodsParticipants were recruited from Southern California via non‐profit organizations, senior centers, and adult day services. Participants were randomly assigned to CHW home‐visit intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) with resource information only. The intervention includes stress reduction techniques of mindful breathing and compassionate support/listening, (2) education on dementia caregiving skills to handle difficult behaviors of PWD, and (3) resource information. The 3‐month intervention is given by bilingual CHWs who speak English, Spanish, Vietnamese, or Korean. A linear mixed model was used to compare differences from baseline to 3‐month on each outcome (caregiver burden, PWD behaviors ‐ memory, distress, disruption) between IG and CG. Exit interviews were conducted for IG participants.Results26 family caregivers participated in the study (12 Korean, 9 Vietnamese, 3 Hispanic, 2 Caucasian); 14 spouses (54%), 12 off‐spring (46%); 18 females (69%), age from 34 to 89 (mean = 66.8 sd = 12.6). IG Participants showed a significant decrease in caregiving burden compared to CG (coefficient = ‐7.68, p = .0041). PWD behaviors were significantly decreased from baseline to 3 months but no difference by group. However, there was a trend for improvement of PWD’s memory problems in the IG compared to the CG (coefficient = ‐2.43, p = .056). Language specific exit interviews showed that educational materials were valuable and communication skills training was helpful as was CHW home visits. Most participants reported the benefit of mindful breathing and practiced it when overwhelmed or having sleep problems. The overall satisfaction of the intervention was high (mean = 4.4 of 5). Recruitment is on‐going but challenging during the pandemic.ConclusionPreliminary results showed the CHW led home‐visit intervention helped improve burden and PWD memory problems and was acceptable by the family caregivers of PWD.
Genetic and socioeconomic modulation of biomarkers
Authors: Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Piña‐Escudero Stefanie Danielle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionIdentification and measurement of biomarkers has become a key component of much research in the neurodegeneration field, particularly in research linking psychosocial stressors and brain health. Socioeconomic position may influence neurodegeneration through several pathways, including behaviors and psychosocial stress levels, both of which may influence biological markers of inflammation, coagulation, and adhesion. Underserved populations, particularly from low‐to‐middle‐income countries in Latin America (LMICs), are more likely to have experienced poor, chronic stress due to discrimination, limited educational and occupational opportunities, and minimal access to social support and health care. All of these factors can modify neurodegenerative disease risk and clinical progression of dementia, in part through changes in immune function. Complicating matters, few studies have characterized inflammatory biomarker levels in LMICs, where biological and environmental exposures likely modify immune profiles. Finally, the effect of complex genetic admixture on both baseline and disease‐associated inflammatory biomarker levels remains underexplored, greatly limiting the generalizability of dementia biomarkers (beta amyloid, tau, neurofilament) that were largely developed in homogenous populations.MethodWe propose to review the existing evidence and present our ongoing study fostered in the Multi‐Partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat) cohort divided into three groups: participants with Alzheimer´s Dementia (AD), participants with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and controls. We will comprehensively assess gene and protein expression measures of immune function in blood to identify single and combined measurements that provide sensitive and specific distinction between AD and FTD and all cases from controls. In addition, we will assess the modulatory effect that social determinants of health (SDOH) have on these biological biomarkers.Expected ResultsOur expected outcome is to understand how SDOH contribute to gene and protein expression measures of immune function and how they modify the gold standard biomarkers of disease and risk for AD and FTD in Latin America.ConclusionsNew opportunities for identifying novel diagnostic and therapeutic inroads may be easier to detect in Latin American populations that display a greater environmental and genomic diversity, while simultaneously elucidating potential strategies for reducing health disparities in Americans who face similar SDOH challenges.
Boston Remote Assessment for Neurocognitive Health in preclinical AD
Authors: Papp Kathryn V. , Amariglio Rebecca E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for cognitive assessments that can be completed remotely on personal devices which are sensitive to the earliest cognitive changes in AD. The Boston Remote Assessment for Neurocognitive Health (BRANCH) is a web‐based assessment including measures which tap into cognitive domains/processes known to decline early in the AD trajectory (e.g., associative memory, pattern separation). Tasks were designed to be intuitive and use stimuli relevant to everyday life. While BRANCH can characterize cognition at a single timepoint, learning curves (collected over 7 daily assessments) provide a unique cognitive variable that may to capture subtle but meaningful AD‐related memory decrements.MethodsParticipants completed three BRANCH tasks (memory for pairs of face‐names, grocery‐prices, and street signs‐digits) daily over 7 days (approximately 12 minutes/day) repeating the same stimuli to capture multi‐day‐learning‐curves (MDLC). Participants included 192 clinically normal older adults enrolled in the Harvard Aging Brain and related studies (mean age = 74.0, 63% female, 87% Caucasian, mean education = 16.6). Participants underwent PET imaging to assess global amyloid‐Aβ (PiB) and entorhinal cortex tau (FTP). Separate mixed models were used to determine whether differences in MDLC (composite performance across the 3 tasks) were associated with Aβ and tau.ResultsControlling for age, sex and education, there was no association between amyloid and BRANCH performance on Day 1 (t = 1.07, p = 0.286). However, higher amyloid was associated with a diminished MDLC (t = ‐4.22, p<0.001; medium effect size between Aβ+/Aβ‐, Cohen’s d = 0.5). Higher entorhinal tau was similarly associated with diminished MDLC (t = ‐3.67, p<0.001); however, those with higher entorhinal tau also exhibited lower Day 1 performance (t = ‐1.99, p = 0.048).ConclusionsRemote, digital testing provides the opportunity to deploy memory paradigms that mimic everyday life by exposing participants to repeated stimuli, such as the same face‐name pairs, over more frequent intervals. Results indicate that diminished MDLCs provide unique information about Aβ and tau‐related cognitive decrements, otherwise unable to be observed with a single timepoint (e.g., Day 1) assessment. We discuss how diminished MDLCs may serve as screening tool, a clinically meaningful outcomes over short timescales, and as a predictor for clinical progression.