bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis AUTOPHAGY-RELATED2 is essential for ATG18a and ATG9 trafficking during autophagosome closure
Authors: Luo Mengqian , Law Kai Ching , He Yilin , Chung Ka Kit , Po Muk Kuen , Feng Lanlan , Chung Kin Pan , Gao Caiji , Zhuang Xiaohong , Jiang Liwen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a fundamental metabolic pathway, autophagy plays important roles in plant growth and development, particularly under stress conditions. A set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins is recruited for the formation of a double-membrane autophagosome. Among them, the essential roles of ATG2, ATG18, and ATG9 have been well established in plant autophagy via genetic analysis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for ATG2 in plant autophagosome formation remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the specific role of ATG2 in the trafficking of ATG18a and ATG9 during autophagy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Under normal conditions, YFP-ATG18a proteins are partially localized on late endosomes and translocated to ATG8e-labeled autophagosomes upon autophagic induction. Real-time imaging analysis revealed sequential recruitment of ATG18a on the phagophore membrane, showing that ATG18a specifically decorated the closing edges and finally disassociated from the completed autophagosome. However, in the absence of ATG2, most of the YFP-ATG18a proteins are arrested on autophagosomal membranes. Ultrastructural and 3D tomography analysis showed that unclosed autophagosome structures are accumulated in the atg2 mutant, displaying direct connections with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and vesicular structures. Dynamic analysis of ATG9 vesicles suggested that ATG2 depletion also affects the association between ATG9 vesicles and the autophagosomal membrane. Furthermore, using interaction and recruitment analysis, we mapped the interaction relationship between ATG2 and ATG18a, implying a possible role of ATG18a in recruiting ATG2 and ATG9 to the membrane. Our findings unveil a specific role of ATG2 in coordinating ATG18a and ATG9 trafficking to mediate autophagosome closure in Arabidopsis.
Membrane nanodomains: Dynamic nanobuilding blocks of polarized cell growth
Authors: Pan Xue , Pérez-Henríquez Patricio , Van Norman Jaimie M , Yang Zhenbiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cell polarity is intimately linked to numerous biological processes, such as oriented plant cell division, particular asymmetric division, cell differentiation, cell and tissue morphogenesis, and transport of hormones and nutrients. Cell polarity is typically initiated by a polarizing cue that regulates the spatiotemporal dynamic of polarity molecules, leading to the establishment and maintenance of polar domains at the plasma membrane. Despite considerable progress in identifying key polarity regulators in plants, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cell polarity formation have yet to be fully elucidated. Recent work suggests a critical role for membrane protein/lipid nanodomains in polarized morphogenesis in plants. One outstanding question is how the spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling nanodomains are controlled to achieve robust cell polarization. In this review, we first summarize the current state of knowledge on potential regulatory mechanisms of nanodomain dynamics, with a special focus on Rho-like GTPases from plants. We then discuss the pavement cell system as an example of how cells may integrate multiple signals and nanodomain-involved feedback mechanisms to achieve robust polarity. A mechanistic understanding of nanodomains’ roles in plant cell polarity is still in the early stages and will remain an exciting area for future investigations.
Assortative Mating and Wealth Inequalities Between and Within Households
Authors: Lersch Philipp M , Schunck Reinhard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Positive assortative mating may be a driver of wealth inequalities, but this relationship has not yet been examined. We investigate the association between assortative mating and wealth inequality within and between households drawing on data from the United States Survey of Income and Program Participation and measuring current, individual-level wealth for newly formed couples (N = 3936 couples). We find that partners positively sort according to wealth over and above sorting by age, race, education, and income. In the absence of assortative mating according to wealth, the Gini coefficient for between-household wealth inequality would be 7 percent lower. Wealth inequalities would thus remain high if couples did not match by wealth. We find a within-household wealth gap of about USD 23,000 to the disadvantage of women. Whereas the within-household wealth gap would be markedly greater for women at the bottom and in the middle of the female wealth distribution without assortative mating, we also find that women would have a substantial wealth advantage under random matching at the top of the female wealth distribution.
Exemption clauses: a comparative review of the Unidroit Principles and the Qatar Civil Code
Authors: Dawwas Amin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article deals with exemption clauses and specifically with respect to their definition, types, and validity. It tackles clauses that exempt the obligor from liability for his or his employees’ non-performance. The article presents and analyses the legal provisions on exemption clauses under the Unidroit Principles and the Qatar Civil Code and discusses the case law made under these legislative instruments. In addition, the article draws a comparison between the legal texts at issue in order to conclude with a solution that best serves the parties’ interests.
Reported Reasons for Cannabis Use Before and After Pregnancy Recognition
Authors: Besse Margaret , Parikh Kajal , Mark Katrina 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
Cannabis use is cautioned against during pregnancy, yet many pregnant people continue to use. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and reasons for cannabis use before and after conception in pregnant people who screened positive for cannabis use at initiation of prenatal care.

Methods
Pregnant patients at 1 prenatal practice in Baltimore, MD, who either self-reported cannabis use or tested positive on urine toxicology were approached for enrollment. Those who consented were given an anonymous survey with multiple choice questions regarding frequency and reasons for use before and after pregnancy recognition. Fisher exact, χ2 test, and analysis of variance were used for analysis.

Results
Of 117 pregnant people approached, 105 enrolled in the study. Of the 105 respondents, 40 (38.1%) reported complete abstinence after pregnancy recognition, whereas 65 (61.9%) reported continued use. Of the respondents who continued cannabis use, 35 (53.8%) had decreased frequency of use or quit, 26 (40%) reported no change in frequency of use, and 4 (6.2%) reported increase in frequency of use. Those who considered their use medical or mixed before pregnancy were 4 times as likely to continue use compared with those who considered their use nonmedical (66.7% vs 33.3%; odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–12.8). Respondents who continued use after pregnancy recognition were significantly more likely to discuss their use with their obstetrician (89.2% vs 50%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Reasons for use frequently changed after recognition of pregnancy. Most people who continued use during pregnancy reported that their reasons were for symptom control.
Median Nerve Palsy in Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Recovers Faster With Open Than Closed Reduction
Authors: Wilks Daniel J. , Ye Xuan , Biggins Rose , Wang Kemble K. , Wade Ryckie G. , McCombe David 
Published: May 2023

Background:Management of supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) with coexisting median nerve injury is controversial. Although many nerve injuries improve with the reduction and stabilization of the fracture, the speed and completeness of recovery are unclear. This study investigates median nerve recovery time using the serial examination.Methods:A prospectively maintained database of SCHF-related nerve injuries referred to a tertiary hand therapy unit between 2017 and 2021 was interrogated. Factors related to the injury (vascularity, Gartland grade, open vs. closed fracture) and treatment (fixation modality, adequacy, timing of reduction, vascular and nerve intervention, and secondary procedures) were assessed.Primary outcomes were the motor recovery of Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 4 or 5 in flexor pollicis longus or flexor digitorum profundus (index) and detection of the 2.83 Semmes Weinstein monofilament.A retrospective clinical note review of all SCHF presenting during the same period was also conducted.Results:Of 1096 SCHF, 74 (7%) had an associated median nerve palsy. Twenty-one patients [mean age 7 years (SD 1.6)] with SCHF-related median nerve injuries underwent serial examination. Nineteen (90%) were modified Gartland III or IV, and 10 (48%) were pulseless on presentation. The mean follow-up was 324 days.The mean motor recovery time was 120 days (SD 71). Four (27%) and 2 (13%) patients had not achieved MRC grade 4 by 6 months and 2 years, respectively. Only 50% attained MRC grade 5 at 2 years.When compared with closed reduction, those who underwent open reduction recovered motor function 80 days faster (mean 71 vs. 151 d,P=0.03) and sensory function 110 days faster (52 vs. 162,P=0.02). Fewer patients recovered after closed reduction (8 of 10) than open (5 of 5).Modified Gartland grade, vascular status, adequacy of reduction, and secondary surgery were not associated with recovery time.Conclusions:Median nerve recovery seems to occur slower than previously thought, is often incomplete, and is affected by treatment decisions (open vs. closed reduction). Retrospective reporting methods may overestimate median nerve recovery.Level of Evidence:Level III—therapeutic.
Weight Gain and Nutritional Improvement After Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod Surgery in Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Single Centre Analysis of 68 Patients
Authors: Turner Henry , Hayes Sarah , McManus Robin , O’Kelly Patrick , Kennedy Jim , Noel Jacques , Kiely Pat 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is frequently associated with complex spine and chest wall deformities that may lead to severe cardiopulmonary impairment and malnutrition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the change in the nutritional status of EOS patients after treatment with magnetically controlled growing rod instrumentation (MCGR) in a single center.

Methods:
We prospectively collected data of patients treated with MCGR for EOS in a single center. Exclusion criteria were <2 years’ follow-up and incomplete weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) data. Preoperative and postoperative WAZ, radiographic parameters, including major coronal curve, kyphosis angle, space available for lung ratios, thoracic height, and unplanned returns to the operating room (UPROR), were analyzed. SD and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) are presented with means.

Results:
Sixty-eight patients (37 males/31 females) were included. The mean age at surgery was 8.2 years (SD 2.8, range 1.8–14.2), and the mean follow-up time was 3.8 years (SD 1.0, range 2.1–6.8). The study population was categorized by the primary diagnosis as follows: 23 neuromuscular, 18 idiopathic, 15 congenital, and 12 syndromic patients. The major coronal curve improved between the preoperative and latest visits by 40% (P<0.005, SD 27, CI 33–47), while the space available for lung ratios improved by 8% (P<0.005, SD 13, CI 5–12). Thoracic height increased by 25% (P<0.005, SD 13, CI 22–28), and kyphosis angle decreased by 25% (P<0.005, SD 26, CI 9–39). Eighteen patients (27%) required a total of 53 UPRORs. WAZ improved significantly between the preoperative and the latest follow-up (P=0.005). Regression analysis showed WAZ improvements were most significant in the underweight patients and the Idiopathic or Syndromic EOS patients. UPROR was not associated with deterioration in WAZ.

Conclusions:
Treatment of EOS patients with MCGR resulted in an improvement in nutritional status, as evidenced by the significant increase in WAZ. Underweight, Idiopathic and Syndromic EOS patients, and those who required UPROR all had significant improvement in their WAZ with MCGR treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Study—Level II.
Understanding the next circulation: lymphatics and what the future holds
Authors: Tomasulo Catherine E. , Dori Yoav , Smith Christopher L. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
The lymphatic system was previously considered the forgotten circulation because of an absence of adequate options for imaging and intervention. However, recent advances over the last decade have improved management strategies for patients with lymphatic disease, including chylothorax, plastic bronchitis, ascites, and protein-losing enteropathy.

Recent findings
New imaging modalities have enabled detailed visualization of lymphatic vessels to allow for a better understanding of the cause of lymphatic dysfunction in a variety of patient subsets. This sparked the development of multiple transcatheter and surgery-based techniques tailored to each patient based on imaging findings. In addition, the new field of precision lymphology has added medical management options for patients with genetic syndromes, who have global lymphatic dysfunction and typically do not respond as well to the more standard lymphatic interventions.

Summary
Recent developments in lymphatic imaging have given insight into disease processes and changed the way patients are managed. Medical management has been enhanced and new procedures have given patients more options, leading to better long-term results.
Ups and downs of conducting a national representative survey on hypertension during pandemic time: main results of SEPHAR IV
Authors: Dorobantu Maria , Cojocaru Cosmin , Stanciulescu Laura , Pop Calin , Bala Cornelia , Benedek Theodora , Parepa Irinel , Lighezan Daniel , Darabont Roxana , Darabantiu Dan , Mitu Florin , Gheorghita Valeriu , Scafa-Udriste Alexandru , Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
This national representative survey sought to assess hypertension's prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in Romania.

Methods:
A representative sample (by age, sex and residence) of 1477 Romanian adults (51.19 ± 16.61 years, range 18–80 years, 59.9% women) was multimodally evaluated during two study visits. Hypertension was defined as SBP at least 140 mmHg and/or DBP at least 90 mmHg or previously diagnosed hypertension, regardless of BP. Awareness was defined by knowledge of previous hypertension diagnosis or of current use of antihypertensive treatment. Treatment was defined by antihypertensive medication taken at least 2 weeks prior to enrolment. Control was defined as SBP less than 140 mmHg and DBP less than 90 mmHg at both visits in treated hypertensive patients.

Results:
Hypertension prevalence was 46% (n = 680) consisting of 81.02% (n = 551) known hypertensive patients and 18.98% (n = 129) newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were: 81% (n = 551), 83.8% (n = 462) and 39.2% (n = 181).

Conclusion:
Despite numerous pandemic-related obstacles in conducting a national survey, SEPHAR IV updates hypertension epidemiological data of a high-cardiovascular-risk Eastern-European population. This study confirms previous predictions of hypertension prevalence, treatment and control, which remain unfavourable because of unsatisfactory control of promoting factors.
Impaired Dermatoscopic Visualization in a Patient With Ichthyosis Vulgaris Undergoing Complete Skin Examination
Authors: Kelly Brenna G. , Herold Mitch , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Ichthyosis vulgaris is an inherited disease caused by loss of function mutations in the filaggrin encoding gene. This mutation results in decreased skin hydration, elevated skin surface pH, and increased transepidermal water loss. This leads to the characteristic xerosis and scaling seen with the disease. Patients with ichthyosis vulgaris may be at a greater risk for skin cancer, which emphasizes the importance of complete skin examinations in this patient population. Prior literature has not addressed potential challenges that arise when performing complete skin examinations in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris—primarily, that dermatoscopic visualization can be obscured by hyperkeratosis. This case highlights the importance of keratolytic use before skin examinations in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris.
Kidney health and function with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Garcia Leonardo Pozo , Walther Carl P. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a group of evolving therapies used for indications ranging from temporary support during a cardiac procedure to permanent treatment of advanced heart failure. MCS is primarily used to support left ventricle function, in which case the devices are termed left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Kidney dysfunction is common in patients requiring these devices, yet the impact of MCS itself on kidney health in many settings remains uncertain.

Recent findings
Kidney dysfunction can manifest in many different forms in patients requiring MCS. It can be because of preexisting systemic disorders, acute illness, procedural complications, device complications, and long-term LVAD support. After durable LVAD implantation, most persons have improvement in kidney function; however, individuals can have markedly different kidney outcomes, and novel phenotypes of kidney outcomes have been identified.

Summary
MCS is a rapidly evolving field. Kidney health and function before, during, and after MCS is relevant to outcomes from an epidemiologic perspective, yet the pathophysiology underlying this is uncertain. Improved understanding of the relationship between MCS use and kidney health is important to improving patient outcomes.
Impact of an Emergency Department Saturation Tool on a Pediatric Hospital's Capacity Management Policy
Authors: Kane Ann , Tackett Sean , Ngo Thuy , Burkett Gregory S. , Wilson Mary Ellen , Ryan Leticia M. , Klein Bruce L. 
Published: May 2023

Evidence-based general emergency department saturation assessment tools to estimate and/or predict crowding are rarely used by pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) to devise responses to overcrowding.ObjectiveWe sought to describe how the Emergency Department Work Index (EDWIN) saturation tool (1) correlates with PED overcrowding during a capacity management activation policy, known internally as Purple Alert and (2) compare overall hospital-wide capacity metrics on days in which the alert was instituted versus days it was not.MethodsThis study was conducted between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 in a 30-bed academic quaternary care, urban PED within a university hospital. The EDWIN tool was implemented in January 2019 and objectively measured the busyness of the PED. To determine correlation with overcrowding, EDWIN scores were calculated at alert initiation. Mean alert hours per month were plotted on a control chart before and after EDWIN implementation. We also compared daily numbers of PED visits, inpatient admissions, and patients left without being seen (LWBS) for days with and without alert initiation to assess whether or not Purple Alert correlated with high PED usage.ResultsDuring the study period, the alert was activated a total of 146 times; 43 times after EDWIN implementation. Mean EDWIN score was 2.5 (SD 0.5, min 1.5, max 3.8) at alert initiation. There were no alert occurrences for EDWIN scores less than 1.5 (not overcrowded). There was no statistically significant difference for mean alert hours per month before and after EDWIN was instituted (21.4 vs 20.2,P= 0.08). Mean numbers of PED visits, inpatient admissions, and patients left without being seen were higher on days with alert activation (P< 0.001 for all).ConclusionsThe EDWIN score correlated with PED busyness and overcrowding during alert activation and correlated with high PED usage. Future studies could include implementing a real-time Web-based EDWIN score as a prediction tool to prevent overcrowding and verifying EDWIN generalizability at other PED sites.
Mixed Methods, Implementation Science Evaluation of a Community Health Worker Strategy for HIV Service Engagement in Uganda
Authors: Chang Larry W. , Pollard Rose , Mbabali Ismail , Anok Aggrey , Hutton Heidi , Amico K. Rivet , Kong Xiangrong , Mulamba Jeremiah , Ssekasanvu Joseph , Long Amanda , Thomas Alvin G. , Thomas Kristin , Bugos Eva , van Wickle Kimiko , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Nalugoda Fred , Beres Laura K. , Bollinger Robert C. , Quinn Thomas C. , Serwadda David , Gray Ronald H. , Wawer Maria J. , Reynolds Steven J. , Nakigozi Gertrude 
Published: May 2023

Background:
A trial found that a community health worker (CHW) strategy using “Health Scouts” improved HIV care uptake and ART coverage. To better understand outcomes and areas for improvement, we conducted an implementation science evaluation.

Methods:
Using the RE-AIM framework, quantitative methods included analyses of a community-wide survey (n = 1903), CHW log books, and phone application data. Qualitative methods included in-depth interviews (n = 72) with CHWs, clients, staff, and community leaders.

Results:
Thirteen Health Scouts logged 11,221 counseling sessions; 2532 unique clients were counseled. 95.7% (1789 of 1891) of residents reported awareness of the Health Scouts. Overall, reach (self-reported receipt of counseling) was 30.7% (580 of 1891). Unreached residents were more likely to be male and HIV seronegative (P < 0.05). Qualitative themes included the following: (1) reach was promoted by perceived usefulness but deterred by busy client lifestyles and stigma, (2) effectiveness was enabled through good acceptability and consistency with the conceptual framework, (3) adoption was facilitated by positive impacts on HIV service engagement, and (4) implementation fidelity was initially promoted by the CHW phone application but deterred by mobility. Maintenance showed consistent counseling sessions over time. The findings suggested the strategy was fundamentally sound but had suboptimal reach. Future iterations could consider adaptations to improve reach to priority populations, testing the need for mobile health support, and additional community sensitization to reduce stigma.

Conclusions:
A CHW strategy to promote HIV services was implemented with moderate success in an HIV hyperendemic setting and should be considered for adoption and scale-up in other communities as part of comprehensive HIV epidemic control efforts.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Trial Number NCT02556957.