bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staff competence in caring for LGBTQ+ patients in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Kelleher Sean T , Barrett Michael J , Durnin Sheena , Fitzpatrick Patrick , Higgins Agnes , Hall Dani 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the competency of paediatric emergency department (PED) multidisciplinary staff in caring for LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, + inclusive of all identities) adolescents.DesignThis was an observational study within which participants were required to complete the LGBT-Development of Clinical Skills Scale self-assessment tool of clinical competence.SettingIt was conducted across three PEDs and one urgent care centre pertaining to the Children’s Health Ireland healthcare group.ParticipantsDoctors, nurses and healthcare workers were eligible to participate. Exclusion criteria: non-front facing staff; prior completion of an eLearning module intended to serve as a future educational intervention.Main outcome measuresParticipants were assessed on: (1) attitudinal awareness towards LGBTQ+ individuals; (2) knowledge of LGBTQ+ health issues and (3) clinical preparedness in caring for LGBTQ+ patients. Each domain is scored out of a maximum of 7 points.Results71 eligible participants completed the study. 40/71 (56%) were doctors, and 31/71 (44%) were nurses. The mean score for attitudinal awareness was 6.54/7 (SD 0.59), indicating overall positive attitudes. The mean score for knowledge was lower (5.34/7, SD 1.03) and lowest for clinical preparedness (3.39/7, SD 0.94). Participants were less confident in caring for transgender than LGB patients and scored very low when asked if they had received adequate training in caring for transgender young people (2.11/7).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates positive attitudes towards LGBTQ+ patients among PED staff. However, there was a gap in knowledge and clinical preparedness. Increased training in caring for LGBTQ+ young people is necessary.
Interactions between long-term ambient particle exposures and lifestyle on the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes: insight from a large community-based survey
Authors: Cai Huanle , Du Zhicheng , Lin Xiao , Lawrence Wayne R , Hopke Philip K , Rich David Q , Lin Shao , Xiao Jianpeng , Deng Xinlei , Qu Yanji , Lin Ziqiang , Wang Xinran , Ju Xu , Chen Shirui , Zhang Yuqin , Wu Wenjing , Wang Ying , Gu Jing , Hao Yuantao , Zhang Wangjian 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionEvidence on the interaction of lifestyle and long-term ambient particle (PM) exposure on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, particularly their combined condition is limited. We investigate the associations between PM and these outcomes and whether the associations were modified by various lifestyles.MethodsThis was a large population-based survey during 2019–2021 in Southern China. The concentrations of PM were interpolated and assigned to participants by the residential address. Hypertension and diabetes status were from questionnaires and confirmed with the community health centres. Logistic regression was applied to examine the associations, followed by a comprehensive set of stratified analyses by the lifestyles including diet, smoking, drinking, sleeping and exercise.ResultsA total of 82 345 residents were included in the final analyses. For each 1 μg/m3increase in PM2.5, the adjusted OR for the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and their combined condition were 1.05 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.06), 1.07 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.08) and 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.06), respectively. We observed that the association between PM2.5and the combined condition was greatest in the group with 4–8 unhealthy lifestyles (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.13) followed by the group with 2–3 and those with 0–1 unhealthy lifestyle (Pinteraction=0.026). Similar results and trends were observed in PM10and/or in those with hypertension or diabetes. Individuals who consumed alcohol, had inadequate sleep duration or had poor quality sleep were more vulnerable.ConclusionLong-term PM exposure was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and their combined condition, and those with unhealthy lifestyles suffered greater risks of these conditions.
YY1 complex in M2 macrophage promotes prostate cancer progression by upregulating IL-6
Authors: Chen Saisai , Lu Kai , Hou Yue , You Zonghao , Shu Chuanjun , Wei Xiaoying , Wu Tiange , Shi Naipeng , Zhang Guangyuan , Wu Jianping , Chen Shuqiu , Zhang Lihua , Li Wenchao , Zhang Dingxiao , Ju Shenghong , Chen Ming , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTumor-associated macrophages are mainly polarized into the M2 phenotype, remodeling the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor progression by secreting various cytokines.MethodsTissue microarray consisting of prostate cancer (PCa), normal prostate, and lymph node metastatic samples from patients with PCa were stained with Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and CD163. Transgenic mice overexpressing YY1 were constructed to observe PCa tumorigenesis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments, including CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out, RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, and liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) assays, were performed to investigate the role and mechanism of YY1 in M2 macrophages and PCa tumor microenvironment.ResultsYY1 was highly expressed in M2 macrophages in PCa and was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. The proportion of tumor-infiltrated M2 macrophages increased in transgenic mice overexpressing YY1. In contrast, the proliferation and activity of anti-tumoral T lymphocytes were suppressed. Treatment targeting YY1 on M2 macrophages using an M2-targeting peptide-modified liposome carrier suppressed PCa cell lung metastasis and generated synergistic anti-tumoral effects with PD-1 blockade. IL-4/STAT6 pathway regulated YY1, and YY1 increased the macrophage-induced PCa progression by upregulating IL-6. Furthermore, by conducting H3K27ac-ChIP-seq in M2 macrophages and THP-1, we found that thousands of enhancers were gained during M2 macrophage polarization, and these M2-specific enhancers were enriched in YY1 ChIP-seq signals. In addition, an M2-specific IL-6 enhancer upregulated IL-6 expression through long-range chromatin interaction with IL-6 promoter in M2 macrophages. During M2 macrophage polarization, YY1 formed an LLPS, in which p300, p65, and CEBPB acted as transcriptional cofactors.ConclusionsPhase separation of the YY1 complex in M2 macrophages upregulated IL-6 by promoting IL-6 enhancer–promoter interactions, thereby increasing PCa progression.
Variations in current clinical practice of postoperative pericardial effusion: a questionnaire study
Authors: van Dinter Stefan , Li Wilson , Wollersheim Laurens , Rodwell Laura , van Royen Niels , Dieker Hendrik-Jan , Verhagen Ad 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivePostoperative pericardial effusion (PPE) occurs frequently after cardiac surgery, potentially leading to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. Specific treatment guidelines are currently lacking, possibly leading to variations in clinical practice. Our goal was to assess clinical PPE management and evaluate variation between centres and clinicians.MethodsA nationwide survey was sent to all interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons in the Netherlands, regarding their preferred diagnostic and treatment modality of PPE. Clinical preferences were explored utilising four patient scenarios, each with a high/low echocardiographic and clinical suspicion of cardiac tamponade. Scenarios were also stratified by three PPE sizes (<1 cm, 1–2 cm, >2 cm).ResultsIn total, 46/140 interventional cardiologists and 48/120 cardiothoracic surgeons responded (27/31 contacted centres). Cardiologists favoured routine postoperative echocardiography in all patients (44%), whereas cardiothoracic surgeons preferred routine imaging after specific procedures, especially mitral (85%) and tricuspid (79%) valve surgery. Overall, pericardiocentesis (83%) was preferred over surgical evacuation (17%). Regarding all patient scenarios, cardiothoracic surgeons significantly preferred evacuation compared with cardiologists (51% vs 37%, p<0.001). This was also observed with cardiologists employed in surgical centres compared with non-surgical centres (43% vs 31%, p=0.02). Inter-rater analysis varied from poor to near-excellent (к 0.22–0.67), suggesting varying PPE treatment preferences within one centre.ConclusionThere is significant variation in the preferred management of PPE between hospitals and clinicians, even within the same centre, possibly due to the lack of specific guidelines. Therefore, robust results of a systematic approach to PPE diagnosis and treatment are needed to formulate evidence-based recommendations and optimise patient outcome.
Eugenol, menthol and other flavour chemicals in kreteks and ‘white’ cigarettes purchased in Indonesia
Authors: Cohen Joanna E , Amalia Beladenta , Luo Wentai , McWhirter Kevin J , Masanga Braden C , Pankow James F 
Published: April 2023

Background
Flavoured tobacco products are not restricted in Indonesia, a country with about 68 million adults who smoke. Most use clove-mixed tobacco cigarettes (‘kreteks’); non-clove (‘white’) cigarettes are also available. Although the use of flavour chemicals has been identified by WHO as promoting tobacco use, little has been reported for Indonesia about the levels of flavourants in either kreteks or ‘white cigarettes’.

Methods
22 kretek brand variants and nine ‘white’ cigarette brand variants were purchased in Indonesia during 2021/2022; one of the kretek packs contained three colour-coded variants, giving a total sample number of 24 for the kreteks. Chemical analyses gave the mg/stick (=mg/(filter+rod)) values for 180 individual flavour chemicals that included eugenol (a clove-flavoured compound), four other clove-related compounds and menthol.

Results
Eugenol was present at significant levels in all 24 kreteks (2.8–33.8 mg/stick), but was essentially absent in all of the cigarettes. Menthol was present in 14 of 24 kreteks, with levels ranging from 2.8 to 12.9 mg/stick, and in five of the nine cigarettes, with levels ranging from 3.6 to 10.8 mg/stick. Other flavour chemicals were also found in many of the kretek and cigarette samples.

Conclusions
In this small sample, we found numerous variations of flavoured tobacco products offered by multinational and national companies in Indonesia. Given the body of evidence that flavours make tobacco products more appealing, regulation of clove-related compounds, menthol and other flavour chemicals should be considered in Indonesia.
Modelling environmental impacts associated with the removal of productivity-enhancing technologies from Canadian feedlots: a case study
Authors: Boonstra Emily , Aboagye Isaac A. , McAllister Tim A. , Legesse Getahun , Mengistu Genet F. , Fulawka Deanne L. , Cordeiro Marcos R.C. , Ribeiro Gabriel O. , McGeough Emma , Ominski Kim H. 
Published: April 2023

Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions, land and water use associated with feedlot cattle ( n = 40 hd treatment−1 trial−1) treated with or without productivity-enhancing technologies were modelled for a multiyear study ( n = 4). Heifers (H) were assigned to the following treatments: (1) implanted (HTBA); (2) provided with melengestrol acetate (HMGA); (3) nonimplanted control, weight-adjusted (CON_Adj) to achieve the same final carcass weight (CW) as 1 (HCON_AdjTBA); or (4) CON_Adj to achieve the CW as 2 (HCON_AdjMGA). Steers (S) were assigned as follows: (1) implanted (STBA); (2) implanted and provided with ractopamine hydrochloride (SRAC; conducted in the last 2 years); (3) CON_Adj to achieve the same CW as 1 (SCON_AdjTBA); or (4) CON_Adj to achieve the same CW as 2 (SCON_AdjRAC). The GHG and NH3 emissions from HTBA, HMGA, STBA, and SRAC were 3.8%, 3.0%, 10.1%, and 8.5% lower and 4.3%, 2.9%, 7.4%, and 7.6% lower, respectively, than the respective control cattle. The land required to produce feed was also reduced by 6.6%, 4.8%, 9.9%, and 10.9%, while water use was reduced by 6.4%, 4.8%, 10.1%, and 11.1% for HTBA, HMGA, STBA, and SRAC, respectively. This modelling study clearly demonstrates that conventional beef production systems have a lower environmental footprint than nonconventional systems.
Genes influencing deposition of melanin in breast muscle of the Xuefeng black bone chicken based on bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Xu Mingming , Tang Shengguo , Liu Xu , Deng Yuying , He Changqing , Guo Songchang , Qu Xiangyong 
Published: April 2023

The Xuefeng black bone chicken (XFBC) represents an important poultry genetic resource. However, the darkness in breast muscle is heterogeneous. The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying melanogenesis of breast muscle in XFBC remains unclear. This study used RNA-seq to compare the difference in transcriptome between hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation of breast muscle. Six cDNA libraries were constructed for hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation groups in XFBC. We identified 395 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation group ( P < 0.05, |log2FC|≥1). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated several differentially enriched biological functions and pathways involved in melanogenesis of the breast muscle. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) GO analysis identified two significant gene sets, including the pathways of pigment metabolic process and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. GSEA–KEGG analysis identified the process of tyrosine metabolism and several genes related with melanogenesis in breast muscle of the XFBC. The protein–protein interaction network was constructed and eight genes were clustered in the module. We identified nine hub genes, including TYR, TYRP1, DCT, GPR143, MLANA, SLC24A5, GPNMB, MLPH, and EDNRB2. Taken together, the DEGs and hub genes identified in the study provide a solid basis for the study of the genetic regulatory mechanisms involved the melanogenesis in the breast muscle of the XFBC.
Liquid argon light collection and veto modeling in GERDA Phase II
Authors: Agostini M. , Alexander A. , Araujo G. R. , Bakalyarov A. M. , Balata M. , Barabanov I. , Baudis L. , Bauer C. , Belogurov S. , Bettini A. , Bezrukov L. , Biancacci V. , Bossio E. , Bothe V. , Brugnera R. , Caldwell A. , Calgaro S. , Cattadori C. , Chernogorov A. , Chiu P. -J. , Comellato T. , D’Andrea V. , Demidova E. V. , Di Giacinto A. , Di Marco N. , Doroshkevich E. , Fischer F. , Fomina M. , Gangapshev A. , Garfagnini A. , Gooch C. , Grabmayr P. , Gurentsov V. , Gusev K. , Hakenmüller J. , Hemmer S. , Hofmann W. , Hult M. , Inzhechik L. V. , Csáthy J. Janicskó , Jochum J. , Junker M. , Kazalov V. , Kermaïdic Y. , Khushbakht H. , Kihm T. , Kilgus K. , Kirpichnikov I. V. , Klimenko A. , Knöpfle K. T. , Kochetov O. , Kornoukhov V. N. , Krause P. , Kuzminov V. V. , Laubenstein M. , Lehnert B. , Lindner M. , Lippi I. , Lubashevskiy A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lutter G. , Macolino C. , Majorovits B. , Maneschg W. , Manzanillas L. , Marshall G. , Miloradovic M. , Mingazheva R. , Misiaszek M. , Morella M. , Müller Y. , Nemchenok I. , Neuberger M. , Pandola L. , Pelczar K. , Pertoldi L. , Piseri P. , Pullia A. , Rauscher L. , Redchuk M. , Riboldi S. , Rumyantseva N. , Sada C. , Sailer S. , Salamida F. , Schönert S. , Schreiner J. , Schütt M. , Schütz A. -K. , Schulz O. , Schwarz M. , Schwingenheuer B. , Selivanenko O. , Shevchik E. , Shirchenko M. , Shtembari L. , Simgen H. , Smolnikov A. , Stukov D. , Sullivan S. , Vasenko A. A. , Veresnikova A. , Vignoli C. , von Sturm K. , Wegmann A. , Wester T. , Wiesinger C. , Wojcik M. , Yanovich E. , Zatschler B. , Zhitnikov I. , Zhukov S. V. , Zinatulina D. , Zschocke A. , Zsigmond A. J. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G. ,   Gerda collaboration
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability to detect liquid argon scintillation light from within a densely packed high-purity germanium detector array allowed the Gerda experiment to reach an exceptionally low background rate in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $${}^{76}$$

76

Ge. Proper modeling of the light propagation throughout the experimental setup, from any origin in the liquid argon volume to its eventual detection by the novel light read-out system, provides insight into the rejection capability and is a necessary ingredient to obtain robust background predictions. In this paper, we present a model of the Gerda liquid argon veto, as obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and constrained by calibration data, and highlight its application for background decomposition.
A semi-tetrad decomposition of the Kerr spacetime
Authors: Hansraj C. , Goswami R. , Maharaj S. D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper we perform a semi-tetrad decomposition of the Kerr spacetime. We apply the 1+1+2 covariant method to the Kerr spacetime in order to describe its geometry outside the horizon. Comparisons are drawn between an observer belonging to the Killing frame and a ZAMO (zero angular momentum observer), a locally non-rotating observer in a zero angular momentum frame, and their resulting geometrical quantities that generate the evolution and propagation equations. This enhances the study of the Kerr geometry as the results are valid in the ergoregion from where energy can be extracted. Using this formalism allows us to present the kinematic and dynamic quantities in a transparent geometrical manner not present in alternate approaches. We find significant relationships between the properties of shear, vorticity and acceleration. Additionally we observe that in the Killing frame, the gravitational wave is a direct consequence of vorticity and in the ZAMO frame, the gravitational wave is a direct consequence of shear. To our knowledge, using the 1+1+2 formalism to investigate the Kerr spacetime is a novel approach, and this provides new insights into the spacetime geometry in an easier manner than alternate approaches. Furthermore we make corrections to earlier equations in the 1+1+2 formalism applied to the Kerr spacetime.
Probing geometric proca in metric-palatini gravity with black hole shadow and photon motion
Authors: Ghorani Elham , Puliçe Beyhan , Atamurotov Farruh , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Demir Durmuş 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtended metric-Palatini gravity, quadratic in the antisymmetric part of the affine curvature, is known to lead to the general relativity plus a geometric Proca field. The geometric Proca, equivalent of the non-metricity vector in the torsion-free affine connection, qualifies to be a distinctive signature of the affine curvature. In the present work, we explore how shadow and photon motion near black holes can be used to probe the geometric Proca field. To this end, we derive static spherically symmetric field equations of this Einstein-geometric Proca theory, and show that it admits black hole solutions in asymptotically AdS background. We perform a detailed study of the optical properties and shadow of this black hole and contrast them with the observational data by considering black hole environments with and without plasma. As a useful astrophysical application, we discuss constraints on the Proca field parameters using the observed angular size of the shadow of supermassive black holes M87$$^*$$∗and Sgr A$$^*$$∗in both vacuum and plasma cases. Overall, we find that the geometric Proca can be probed via the black hole observations.
Comparing turbulent flow and bank erosion with controlled experiments in a field-scale meandering channel
Authors: Kozarek Jessica L. , Limaye Ajay B. , Arpin Eleanor 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bank erosion commonly occurs in alluvial rivers, shaping landscapes and riparian habitats and impacting water quality and infrastructure. Several models have been proposed that link shear stresses to bank erosion. However, data to test these hypotheses for characteristic geometries of meandering channels are sparse and technically challenging to acquire. Here we present results from a controlled experiment in a naturalistic channel to isolate the relationships between turbulent flow and nascent bank erosion. We ran the experiments at the Outdoor StreamLab (St Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota) and gathered high-precision, contemporaneous measurements of the turbulent flow field and topography near a standardized, erodible bank at five locations along a single meander. The measurements show that the rate of bank erosion varied both along the channel and vertically and, local bank erosion was not correlated with any single hydrodynamic parameter. Upstream of the meander apex, erosion correlated with the near-bank time-averaged streamwise velocity magnitude while downstream of the apex, bank erosion correlated more strongly with near-bank turbulence parameters and depth. These results support field measurements that suggest that fluid shear contributions to outer bank erosion reflect multiple components of turbulent flow structure in river meanders.
SE Asia as part of Gondwana: a 1960s regional mapping project over Southern Thailand that lay behind the hypothesis
Authors: Ridd Michael F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the 1960s, anticipating the award of concessions in the Gulf of Thailand, BP carried out reconnaissance geological mapping over all of Southern Thailand including its Gulf islands.
The resulting eight geological maps at 1:250 000 scale provided a database that underpinned discussions of Thailand's place in global plate-tectonic reconstructions that were emerging at that time. In particular, new light was thrown on the Paleozoic succession, and important differences were found between the Upper Thai Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula (respectively, NW and SE of the prominent bend in the peninsula's outline). The Phuket Group of the Upper Peninsula is a very thick diamictite-bearing succession of possible Devonian to Early Permian age, apparently sourced in the west, a region now occupied by the Indian Ocean. That in turn suggested a possible Gondwana origin for SE Asia, a contentious concept at the time, but one that is now widely accepted.
The emphasis of field mapping these days is on obtaining detailed data that necessarily means over areas of limited extent. But a very broad regional mapping project such as BP's in Thailand revealed stratigraphic and tectonic insights that could be revealed only from a wide-ranging regional study of this kind.