bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-SI units in the SI and their use with SI prefixes
Authors: Brown Richard J C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The International System of Units (SI) is one of the greatest scientific, technological, and political achievements of recent times. After the formal introduction of the SI, it was necessary to accept the ongoing usage of some non-SI units because of their long history of previous use, despite this losing the benefit of coherence that the SI brings. This work reviews the history of non-SI units that have been allowed for use with the SI in successive SI Brochures, observes the rules that have been required for this use especially with SI prefixes, and notes that this set of non-SI units has decreased significantly as the SI has become more deeply embedded in modern society. The current situation, where a relatively small set of non-SI units remain accepted for use with the SI, is analysed. It is observed that these non-SI units acquire quasi-SI status because of their listing in the SI Brochure. As a result, it is proposed that this set of non-SI units should be as small as possible and that clear rules for their use are necessary, most obviously with SI prefixes where the current guidance needs improvement. Historical precedent has been examined to assist in shaping these recommendations, which could be discussed and considered when the SI Brochure is next updated.
EEG-CDILNet: a lightweight and accurate CNN network using circular dilated convolution for motor imagery classification
Authors: Liang Tie , Yu Xionghui , Liu Xiaoguang , Wang Hongrui , Liu Xiuling , Dong Bin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. The combination of the motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) signals and deep learning-based methods is an effective way to improve MI classification accuracy. However, deep learning-based methods often need too many trainable parameters. As a result, the trade-off between the network decoding performance and computational cost has always been an important challenge in the MI classification research. Approach. In the present study, we proposed a new end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) model called the EEG-circular dilated convolution (CDIL) network, which takes into account both the lightweight model and the classification accuracy. Specifically, the depth-separable convolution was used to reduce the number of network parameters and extract the temporal and spatial features from the EEG signals. CDIL was used to extract the time-varying deep features that were generated in the previous stage. Finally, we combined the features extracted from the two stages and used the global average pooling to further reduce the number of parameters, in order to achieve an accurate MI classification. The performance of the proposed model was verified using three publicly available datasets. Main results. The proposed model achieved an average classification accuracy of 79.63% and 94.53% for the BCIIV2a and HGD four-classification task, respectively, and 87.82% for the BCIIV2b two-classification task. In particular, by comparing the number of parameters, computation and classification accuracy with other lightweight models, it was confirmed that the proposed model achieved a better balance between the decoding performance and computational cost. Furthermore, the structural feasibility of the proposed model was confirmed by ablation experiments and feature visualization. Significance. The results indicated that the proposed CNN model presented high classification accuracy with less computing resources, and can be applied in the MI classification research.
Transition Temperature of a Superconductor under a Helical Magnetic field
Authors: Kato Masaru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider a bilayer system with a conventional s-wave superconductor and a chiral helimagnet. If we assume that structure of an external magnetic field from the helimagnet is same as the magnetic moment structure in the helimagnet, a helical magnetic field is applied to the superconductor. Our previous simulation showed that vortex structures depend on strongly on structure of the helical magnetic field as well as the amplitude of the field. We study how pitch of the helical magnetic field affects the transition temperature. For this purpose, we formulate the linearized Ginzburg-Landau equation for the helical magnetic field.
Crystalline Orientation of CaF2 window determined by Neutron Transmission Imaging using a Delay Line Current-Biased Kinetic-Inductance Detector
Authors: Shishido Hiroaki , Dang Vu The , Aizawa Kazuya , Kojima Kenji M. , Koyama Tomio , Oikawa Kenichi , Harada Masahide , Oku Takayuki , Soyama Kazuhiko , Miyajima Shigeyuki , Hidaka Mutsuo , Suzuki Soh Y. , Tanaka Manobu M. , Kawamata Shuichi , Ishida Takekazu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The combination of a high speed two-dimensional neutron detector and an intensive pulsed neutron source provides not only neutron transmission imaging but also information on crystal structures, orientations and constituent elements by analyzing neutron transmission spectra. The delay-line current-biased kinetic-inductance detector (CB-KID) is a two-dimensional superconducting neutron detector with high spatial and temporal resolutions, and multi-hit tolerance. We demonstrated that the delay-line CB-KID with a 10B neutron conversion layer can be applied for neutron transmission measurements up to 100 keV. We observed two-different dip structures in the transmission spectra in a CaF2 single crystal, i.e., one is from the Bragg diffraction and the other is from nuclear resonance absorption. We consider that some duplicated structures in resonance absorption dips are originating from a double-bunch structure of proton pulses for producing pulsed neutrons in the accelerator.
Propagation in Superconducting Niobium Rectangular Waveguide in the 100 GHz band
Authors: Nakajima Taku , Suzuki Kazuji , Kojima Takafumi , Uzawa Yoshinori , Ishino Masayuki , Watanabe Issei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rectangular waveguides that use superconducting materials for walls are expected to reduce transmission loss compared to normal metal waveguides. However, research on superconducting waveguides has been limited, particularly on the fabrication and measurement of physical models in the mm/sub-mm band. We attempted to fabricate a niobium (Nb) waveguide and measure its propagation. Because Nb is known to be a difficult-to-machine material, we searched for the best cutting tools and machining conditions. Consequently, we fabricated a waveguide with a surface accuracy of 0.3 µm rms using an end mill with a diameter of 1 mm. For the measurement of waveguide propagation, the resonator method was adopted, and the resonance characteristics were measured at room (298 K) and cryogenic (4.8 K) temperatures in the 100 GHz band. The resonance property at 298 K is consistent with the shapes predicted from literature-based conductivity. However, at 4.8 K, that of superconducting Nb is significantly changed. We used electromagnetic analysis to reproduce these properties, and the electrical conductivity and propagation loss were calculated. The conductivity and loss were computed as 1.8×1011 S/m and 0.05 dB/m, respectively. We observed a slight transmission loss and verified the effectiveness of the superconducting waveguides.
Air-to-land transitions: from wingless animals and plant seeds to shuttlecocks and bio-inspired robots
Authors: Ortega-Jimenez Victor M , Jusufi Ardian , Brown Christian E , Zeng Yu , Kumar Sunny , Siddall Robert , Kim Baekgyeom , Challita Elio J , Pavlik Zoe , Priess Meredith , Umhofer Thomas , Koh Je-Sung , Socha John J , Dudley Robert , Bhamla M Saad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent observations of wingless animals, including jumping nematodes, springtails, insects, and wingless vertebrates like geckos, snakes, and salamanders, have shown that their adaptations and body morphing are essential for rapid self-righting and controlled landing. These skills can reduce the risk of physical damage during collision, minimize recoil during landing, and allow for a quick escape response to minimize predation risk. The size, mass distribution, and speed of an animal determine its self-righting method, with larger animals depending on the conservation of angular momentum and smaller animals primarily using aerodynamic forces. Many animals falling through the air, from nematodes to salamanders, adopt a skydiving posture while descending. Similarly, plant seeds such as dandelions and samaras are able to turn upright in mid-air using aerodynamic forces and produce high decelerations. These aerial capabilities allow for a wide dispersal range, low-impact collisions, and effective landing and settling. Recently, small robots that can right themselves for controlled landings have been designed based on principles of aerial maneuvering in animals. Further research into the effects of unsteady flows on self-righting and landing in small arthropods, particularly those exhibiting explosive catapulting, could reveal how morphological features, flow dynamics, and physical mechanisms contribute to effective mid-air control. More broadly, studying apterygote (wingless insects) landing could also provide insight into the origin of insect flight. These research efforts have the potential to lead to the bio-inspired design of aerial micro-vehicles, sports projectiles, parachutes, and impulsive robots that can land upright in unsteady flow conditions.
Fabrication and application of graphene-based silicone grease
Authors: Thi Mai Phuong , Nguyen Nghia Phan Trong , Nguyen Tuyen Viet , Minh Phan Ngoc , Thi Vu Thu Ha , Thi Au Hang , Bui Thang Hung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the increasing power requirements of integrated circuits, the demand for efficient cooling has followed suit. Silicone grease is commonly used due to its thermal stability and ability to fill in airgaps between the electronic components and radiators. Previous works attempted to increase the grease’s thermal conductivity by adding various additives such as boron nitride or functionalized carbon nanotubes. Functionalized graphene was chosen in this study due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties. Results show that the functionalization with several acid mixtures combined with ball milling resulted in a compound chemically equivalent to graphene and thoroughly dispersed in silicone grease. An optimal grease was produced, containing 1 wt% Gr-COOH and possessing a thermal conductivity of 6.534 W mK−1. The resulting grease’s performance in thermal dissipation and approximated lifespan improvements was compared to a commercially available silicone grease using a 200 W LED. Results indicated a 4.5 °C decrease in saturation temperature of LED chip along with a 257% increase in thermal conductivity.
Compliance-Adjusted Estimates of Aspirin Effects Among Older Persons in the ASPREE Randomized Trial
Authors: Smith C L , Kasza J , Woods R L , Lockery J E , Kirpach B , Reid C M , Storey E , Nelson M R , Shah R C , Orchard S G , Ernst M E , Tonkin A M , Murray A M , McNeil J J , Wolfe R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) Trial recruited 19,114 participants across Australia and the United States during 2010–2014. Participants were randomized to receive either 100 mg of aspirin daily or matching placebo, with disability-free survival as the primary outcome. During a median 4.7 years of follow-up, 37% of participants in the aspirin group permanently ceased taking their study medication and 10% commenced open-label aspirin use. In the placebo group, 35% and 11% ceased using study medication and commenced open-label aspirin use, respectively. In order to estimate compliance-adjusted effects of aspirin, we applied rank-preserving structural failure time models. The results for disability-free survival and most secondary endpoints were similar in intention-to-treat and compliance-adjusted analyses. For major hemorrhage, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality, compliance-adjusted effects of aspirin indicated greater risks than were seen in intention-to-treat analyses. These findings were robust in a range of sensitivity analyses. In accordance with the original trial analyses, compliance-adjusted results showed an absence of benefit with aspirin for primary prevention in older people, along with an elevated risk of clinically significant bleeding.
Limping Marriages: Race, Class, and the Rise of Domicile-Based Divorce Jurisdiction in the British Empire
Authors: Saksena Priyasha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this article, I trace the development of domicile as the basis of divorce jurisdiction in English private international law. The maintenance of English domicile became closely related to the retention of ‘white’ identity, with white British subjects who became domiciled in non-white colonies such as India being relegated to racially ambiguous statuses. The domicile rule limited the remedy of divorce to those who were financially well-off and able to travel to the courts of the metropole since English courts refused to recognize divorce decrees granted by British Indian courts based on residence. As a result, innumerable British subjects who obtained a divorce in India remained married in Britain, i.e. were stuck in so-called ‘limping marriages’. To remedy this situation, a separate divorce regime was enacted for British subjects residing in India but domiciled in England and Scotland, but it replicated the class barriers of the original domicile rule. Law, therefore, played a significant role in the creation of the mutually constitutive but unstable categories of class and race.
What Information Do Neuropsychologists Use to Guide their Clinical Decisions? A Survey on Knowledge and Application of Evidence-Based Practice in a French-Speaking Population
Authors: Blause Sacha , Tirelli Ezio , Wauquiez Grégoire , Raffard Stéphane , Didone Vincent , Willems Sylvie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach that encourages clinicians to base their practice on evidence to improve the quality of patient care and reduce uncertainty in their clinical decisions. However, the state of knowledge and practice of neuropsychologists in French-speaking countries is still unknown. This study aimed to find out what these neuropsychologists know about EBP and whether they use it.

Method
A questionnaire with 39 questions for French-speaking neuropsychologists was distributed. The questions focused on neuropsychologists’ knowledge and use of EBP and information that guide their clinical decisions.

Results
A total of 392 respondents started the survey. The data show that only 35% correctly defined EBP and there was confusion between this practice and the strict use of research data. In practice, their decisions are influenced by multiple factors, including the patient’s difficulties and advice from peers. Regarding the research, a significant proportion of the sample stated that they did not search the scientific literature frequently. Barriers to accessing scientific information and ineffective article-reading behavior were highlighted.

Conclusion
A lack of knowledge of EBP among French-speaking neuropsychologists was observed. Furthermore, the factors influencing their decision-making do not clearly fit the definitions of EBP. Information-seeking behaviors show several weaknesses and barriers to the integration of scientific evidence into practice. These results are like those of other studies conducted among psychologists or in other health professions. We will discuss possible courses of action that could be implemented to improve the knowledge and use of EBP.
The demand for ascorbate recycling capacity rises as the ascorbate pool size increases in Arabidopsis plants
Authors: Hamada Akane , Ishikawa Takahiro , Maruta Takanori 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Ascorbate recycling is required for high ascorbate accumulation. Hence, when the ascorbate pool size is small, does the demand for ascorbate recycling decrease? We herein investigate the impact of ascorbate recycling capacity on ascorbate pool size in an ascorbate-deficient background. Our findings demonstrate that a smaller ascorbate pool size lowers the need for ascorbate recycling capacity even under light stress.
Evolutionary divergence of body size and wing and leg structure in relation to foraging mode in Darwin’s Galapagos finches
Authors: Lindhe Norberg Ulla M , Norberg R Åke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The wings, legs, and tail in Darwin’s finches show many clear adaptations to different types of locomotion used during foraging. We use size scaling to analyse how various characters vary with body mass to clarify dimensional relationships. The selective advantage of a character is judged in terms of energy savings. The wing aspect ratio (4.6–4.9) is very low, so the energy costs for flight are high. Low body mass, low wing loading, and short arm wings in the warbler finch, small tree finch, and small ground finch promote agility and manoeuvrability among vegetation, along with short wings in the warbler finch. Evolution towards a shorter arm wing seems to be favoured in the smaller finch species. Long legs, long toes, and long curved claws are adaptations for climbing/clinging locomotion without tail support (woodpecker finch, small and large tree finches, cactus finch but having short legs). Selection for longer legs seems to act towards a lengthening of the tarsometatarsus. The climbing technique in the woodpecker finch is described. We discuss how the diversification in the beaks relates to the locomotion organs.
Looking Through the Eyes of General Practitioners: The Role of Social Work in Primary Health Care
Authors: Feryn Nele , Boeckxstaens Pauline , Ashcroft Rachelle , De Corte Joris , Roose Rudi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In Flanders, Belgium, a primary healthcare reform is ongoing to strengthen the health system and work towards improving integrated care. At the core of this transformation stands a person-centred perspective that considers social factors, which increases the tendency for collaboration between health and welfare systems. Primary care physicians and social workers are urged to collaborate; however, the way general practitioners (GPs) define and utilise the role of social work remains unclear. This study explores the perceptions of GPs regarding the role of social work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-three GPs, working under both fee-for-service and capitation financing systems, with varying years of experience and in different geographical areas. The findings reveal that physicians recognise the influence of social factors on their patients care needs, yet, struggle with addressing them. Due to limited experience and understanding of the role of social work, GPs primarily focus on its value in individual cases, whilst having less awareness of their role and potential at the neighbourhood, organisational or population level. This study identified different factors that either facilitate or hinder collaboration with social work. The implications for the social work profession and future joint efforts are discussed.
Using Preventive, Protection, Prosecution and Partnership Framework to Explore the Successes and Constraints of Social Work to Address Sex Trafficking in Edo, Nigeria
Authors: Agwu Prince , Levy Susan , Okoye Uzoma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Social work features in human trafficking discourses as a remedial approach, but the profession’s potentials in Nigeria have not been fully realised. Thus, our research seeks to understand how social work has fared across the Prevention, Protection, Prosecution and Partnership (4Ps) of anti-human trafficking in Edo (a prime source destination for sex trafficking in Nigeria), and what can be done to scale up the presence and efficacy of social work. Qualitative research was conducted with twenty-three participants comprising qualified social workers, allied social work professionals and operational staff of ten anti-human trafficking agencies. Data were sourced using in-depth interviews, deductively coded and analysed based on the 4Ps framework. An important finding was the recognition of the social work profession by most anti-human trafficking agencies, as they employed qualified social work staff or outsourced social work roles to allied professions. Across the 4Ps, Prevention and Protection fared better, unlike Prosecution and Partnership. We provide insights on how to scale up all 4Ps using a social work lens. This research has the potential to strengthen the social work component of anti-human trafficking and presents an in-road to conduct more social work analysis in anti-human trafficking and other fields.
Umami taste perception and preferences of the domestic cat (Felis catus), an obligate carnivore
Authors: McGrane Scott J , Gibbs Matthew , Hernangomez de Alvaro Carlos , Dunlop Nicola , Winnig Marcel , Klebansky Boris , Waller Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is an obligate carnivore, and as such has a meat-based diet. Several studies on the taste perception of cats have been reported, indicating that their sense of taste has evolved based on their carnivorous diet. Here, we propose that umami (mediated by Tas1r1-Tas1r3) is the main appetitive taste modality for the domestic cat by characterizing the umami taste of a range of nucleotides, amino acids, and their mixtures for cats obtained using complementary methods. We show for the first time that cats express Tas1r1 in taste papillae. The cat umami receptor responds to a range of nucleotides as agonists, with the purine nucleotides having the highest activity. Their umami receptor does not respond to any amino acids alone; however, 11 l-amino acids with a range of chemical characteristics act as enhancers in combination with a nucleotide. l-Glutamic acid and l-Aspartic acid are not active as either agonists or enhancers of the cat umami receptor due to changes in key binding residues at positions 170 and 302. Overall, cats have an appetitive behavioral response for nucleotides, l-amino acids, and their mixtures. We postulate that the renowned palatability of tuna for cats may be due, at least in part, to its specific combination of high levels of inosine monophosphate and free l-Histidine that produces a strong synergistic umami taste enhancement. These results demonstrate the critical role that the umami receptor plays in enabling cats to detect key taste compounds present in meat.
Analyzing and visualizing polarization and balance with signed networks: the U.S. Congress case study
Authors: Capozzi Arthur , Semeraro Alfonso , Ruffo Giancarlo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSigned networks and balance theory provide a natural setting for real-world scenarios that show polarization dynamics, positive/negative relationships and political partisanship. For example, they have been proven effective in studying the increasing polarization of the votes in the two chambers of the U.S. Congress from World War II on Andris, Lee, Hamilton, Martino, Gunning & Selden (2015, PLoS ONE, 10, 1–14) and Aref & Neal (2020, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–10). To provide further insights into this particular case study, we propose the application of a pipeline to analyze and visualize a signed graphs configuration based on the exploitation of the corresponding Laplacian matrix spectral properties. The overall methodology is comparable with others based on the frustration index, but it has at least two main advantages: first, it requires a much lower computational cost and second, it allows for a quantitative and visual assessment of how arbitrarily small subgraphs (even single nodes) contribute to the overall balance (or unbalance) of the network. The proposed pipeline allows the exploration of polarization dynamics shown by the U.S. Congress from 1945 to 2020 at different resolution scales. In fact, we are able to spot and point out the influence of some (groups of) congressmen in the overall balance, as well as to observe and explore polarizations evolution of both chambers across the years.