bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine maps derived from sparse-view kV-switching dual-energy CT equipped with a deep learning reconstruction for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Narita Keigo , Nakamura Yuko , Higaki Toru , Kondo Shota , Honda Yukiko , Kawashita Ikuo , Mitani Hidenori , Fukumoto Wataru , Tani Chihiro , Chosa Keigo , Tatsugami Fuminari , Awai Kazuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeep learning-based spectral CT imaging (DL-SCTI) is a novel type of fast kilovolt-switching dual-energy CT equipped with a cascaded deep-learning reconstruction which completes the views missing in the sinogram space and improves the image quality in the image space because it uses deep convolutional neural networks trained on fully sampled dual-energy data acquired via dual kV rotations. We investigated the clinical utility of iodine maps generated from DL-SCTI scans for assessing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the clinical study, dynamic DL-SCTI scans (tube voltage 135 and 80 kV) were acquired in 52 patients with hypervascular HCCs whose vascularity was confirmed by CT during hepatic arteriography. Virtual monochromatic 70 keV images served as the reference images. Iodine maps were reconstructed using three-material decomposition (fat, healthy liver tissue, iodine). A radiologist calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) during the hepatic arterial phase (CNRa) and the equilibrium phase (CNRe). In the phantom study, DL-SCTI scans (tube voltage 135 and 80 kV) were acquired to assess the accuracy of iodine maps; the iodine concentration was known. The CNRa was significantly higher on the iodine maps than on 70 keV images (p < 0.01). The CNRe was significantly higher on 70 keV images than on iodine maps (p < 0.01). The estimated iodine concentration derived from DL-SCTI scans in the phantom study was highly correlated with the known iodine concentration. It was underestimated in small-diameter modules and in large-diameter modules with an iodine concentration of less than 2.0 mgI/ml. Iodine maps generated from DL-SCTI scans can improve the CNR for HCCs during hepatic arterial phase but not during equilibrium phase in comparison with virtual monochromatic 70 keV images. Also, when the lesion is small or the iodine concentration is low, iodine quantification may result in underestimation.
Consecutive multiscale feature learning-based image classification model
Authors: Olimov Bekhzod , Subramanian Barathi , Ugli Rakhmonov Akhrorjon Akhmadjon , Kim Jea-Soo , Kim Jeonghong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtracting useful features at multiple scales is a crucial task in computer vision. The emergence of deep-learning techniques and the advancements in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have facilitated effective multiscale feature extraction that results in stable performance improvements in numerous real-life applications. However, currently available state-of-the-art methods primarily rely on a parallel multiscale feature extraction approach, and despite exhibiting competitive accuracy, the models lead to poor results in efficient computation and low generalization on small-scale images. Moreover, efficient and lightweight networks cannot appropriately learn useful features, and this causes underfitting when training with small-scale images or datasets with a limited number of samples. To address these problems, we propose a novel image classification system based on elaborate data preprocessing steps and a carefully designed CNN model architecture. Specifically, we present a consecutive multiscale feature-learning network (CMSFL-Net) that employs a consecutive feature-learning approach based on the usage of various feature maps with different receptive fields to achieve faster training/inference and higher accuracy. In the conducted experiments using six real-life image classification datasets, including small-scale, large-scale, and limited data, the CMSFL-Net exhibits an accuracy comparable with those of existing state-of-the-art efficient networks. Moreover, the proposed system outperforms them in terms of efficiency and speed and achieves the best results in accuracy-efficiency trade-off.
Machine learning identifies straightforward early warning rules for human Puumala hantavirus outbreaks
Authors: Kazasidis Orestis , Jacob Jens 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman Puumala virus (PUUV) infections in Germany fluctuate multi-annually, following fluctuations of the bank vole population size. We applied a transformation to the annual incidence values and established a heuristic method to develop a straightforward robust model for the binary human infection risk at the district level. The classification model was powered by a machine-learning algorithm and achieved 85% sensitivity and 71% precision, despite using only three weather parameters from the previous years as inputs, namely the soil temperature in April of two years before and in September of the previous year, and the sunshine duration in September of two years before. Moreover, we introduced the PUUV Outbreak Index that quantifies the spatial synchrony of local PUUV-outbreaks, and applied it to the seven reported outbreaks in the period 2006–2021. Finally, we used the classification model to estimate the PUUV Outbreak Index, achieving 20% maximum uncertainty.
Comparison of clinicopathological and genomic profiles in anal squamous cell carcinoma between Japanese and Caucasian cohorts
Authors: Ito Takahiko , Takayanagi Daisuke , Sekine Shigeki , Hashimoto Taiki , Shimada Yoko , Matsuda Maiko , Yamada Masayoshi , Hamamoto Ryuji , Kato Tomoyasu , Shida Dai , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Boku Narikazu , Kohno Takashi , Takashima Atsuo , Shiraishi Kouya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to compare the genetic backgrounds and their effect on clinical outcomes between Japanese and Caucasian patients with ASCC. Forty-one patients diagnosed with ASCC at the National Cancer Center Hospital were enrolled and evaluated for clinicopathological features, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, HPV genotypes, p16 expression, PD-L1, and association of p16 status with the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Target sequencing for hotspot mutations in 50 cancer-related genes was performed using genomic DNA from 30 available samples. Of 41 patients, 34 were HPV-positive (among them, HPV 16 was predominant; 73.2%); 38 patients were p16-positive (92.7%); and 39 patients received CCRT, of whom 36 were p16-positive and three p16-negative. p16-positive patients showed better complete response than p16-negative patients. Among 28 samples, 15 showed mutations inPIK3CA, FBXW7, ABL1, TP53,andPTEN; no difference in mutation profiles between the Japanese and Caucasian cohorts was observed. Actionable mutations were detected in both Japanese and Caucasian patients with ASCC. Genetic backgrounds, such as the HPV 16 genotype andPIK3CAmutations, were common regardless of ethnicity. p16 status may be a prognostic biomarker for CCRT in Japanese patients with ASCC.
Habitat partitioning, co-occurrence patterns, and mixed-species group formation in sympatric delphinids
Authors: Syme Jonathan , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Parra Guido J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNumerous species have been reported to form mixed-species groups, however, little is known about the interplay between niche partitioning and mixed-species group formation. Furthermore, it is often unclear whether species come together by chance due to overlapping habitat preferences, by shared attraction to resources, or by attraction between them. We assessed habitat partitioning, co-occurrence patterns, and mixed-species group formation of sympatric Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around the North West Cape, Western Australia, with a joint species distribution model and temporal analyses of sighting data. Australian humpback dolphins preferred shallower and more nearshore waters than Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, yet these species co-occurred more often than expected by chance given shared responses to environmental variables. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins were sighted more often than Australian humpback dolphins during the afternoon, however, we did not find any temporal patterns in the occurrence of mixed-species groups. We propose that the positive association in the species’ occurrence indicates the active formation of mixed-species groups. By evaluating habitat partitioning and co-occurrence patterns, this study provides direction for future work which should proceed to investigate the benefits that these species may gain from grouping with each other.
Management of mung bean leaf spot disease caused by Phoma herbarum through Penicillium janczewskii metabolites mediated by MAPK signaling cascade
Authors: Shafique Shazia , Attia Ume , Shafique Sobiya , Tabassum Bushra , Akhtar Naureen , Naeem Ayman , Abbas Qamar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVigna radiata L., an imperative legume crop of Pakistan, faces hordes of damage due to fungi; infecting host tissues by the appressorium. The use of natural compounds is an innovative concern to manage mung-bean fungal diseases. The bioactive secondary metabolites of Penicillium species are well documented for their strong fungi-static ability against many pathogens. Presently, one-month-old aqueous culture filtrates of Penicillium janczewskii, P. digitatum, P. verrucosum, P. crustosum, and P. oxalicum were evaluated to check the antagonistic effect of different dilutions (0, 10, 20, … and 60%). There was a significant reduction of around 7–38%, 46–57%, 46–58%, 27–68%, and 21–51% in Phoma herbarum dry biomass production due to P. janczewskii, P. digitatum, P. verrucosum, P. crustosum, and P. oxalicum, respectively. Inhibition constants determined by a regression equation demonstrated the most significant inhibition by P. janczewskii. Finally, using real-time reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) the effect of P. Janczewskii metabolites was determined on the transcript level of StSTE12 gene involved in the development and penetration of appressorium. The expression pattern of the StSTE12 gene was determined by percent Knockdown (%KD) expression that was found to be decreased i.e. 51.47, 43.22, 40.67, 38.01, 35.97, and 33.41% for P. herbarum with an increase in metabolites concentrations viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% metabolites, respectively. In silico studies were conducted to analyze the role of Ste12 a transcriptional factor in the MAPK signaling pathway. The present study concludes a strong fungicidal potential of Penicillium species against P. herbarum. Further studies to isolate the effective fungicidal constituents of Penicillium species through GCMS analysis and determination of their role in signaling pathways are requisite.
Association between high-mobility group box 1 levels and febrile seizures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Shangbin , Zhao Qian , Sun Jingfei , Yan Weichen , Wang Jie , Gao Xiong , Li Xueying , Ren Changjun , Hao Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and febrile seizures (FS) in children remains unclear. This study aimed to apply meta-analysis to reveal the correlation between HMGB1 levels and FS in children. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, CNKI, SinoMed and WanFangData were searched for relevant studies. Pooled standard mean deviation and 95% confidence interval were calculated as effect size since the random-effects model was used when I2 > 50%. Meanwhile, between-study heterogeneity was determined by performing subgroup and sensitivity analyses. A total of 9 studies were finally included. Meta-analysis showed that the children with FS had significantly higher HMGB1 levels compared with healthy children and children with fever but no seizures (P<0.05). Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that the HMGB1 level in children with complex FS was higher than those with simple FS (P<0.05), and children with duration >15 min were higher than those with duration ≤15min (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences between children with or without a family history of FS (P>0.05). Finally, children with FS who converted to epilepsy exhibited higher HMGB1 levels than those who did not convert to epilepsy (P<0.05). The level of HMGB1 may be implicated in the prolongation, recurrence and development of FS in children. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the precise concentrations of HMGB1 in FS patients and to further determine the various activities of HMGB1 during FS by well-designed, large-scale, and case-controlled trials.
Association between height loss and mortality in the general population
Authors: Iwasaki Tsuyoshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Tanaka Kenichi , Asahi Koichi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Moriyama Toshiki , Yamagata Kunihiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Fujimoto Shouichi , Narita Ichiei , Konta Tsuneo , Kondo Masahide , Kasahara Masato , Shibagaki Yugo , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Kazama Junichiro J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeight loss is caused by osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, disc reduction, postural changes, and kyphosis. Marked long-term height loss is reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly. The present study investigated the relationship between short-term height loss and the risk of mortality using the longitudinal cohort data of the Japan Specific Health Checkup Study (J-SHC). Included individuals were aged 40 years or older and received periodic health checkups in 2008 and 2010. The exposure of interest was height loss over the 2 years, and the outcome was all-cause mortality over subsequent follow up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between height loss and all-cause mortality. Of the 222,392 individuals (88,285 men, 134,107 women) included in this study, 1436 died during the observation period (mean 4.8 ± 1.1 years). The subjects were divided into two groups based on a cut-off value of height loss of 0.5 cm over 2 years. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.26 (1.13–1.41) for exposure to height loss ≥ 0.5 cm compared to height loss < 0.5 cm. Height loss ≥ 0.5 cm correlated significantly with an increased risk of mortality compared to height loss < 0.5 cm in both men and women. Even a small decrease in height over 2 years was associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and might be a helpful marker for stratifying mortality risk.
Effect of multimodularity and spatial organization of glycoside hydrolases on catalysis
Authors: Barba-Cedillo Víctor , Montanier Cédric Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The wide diversity among the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) reflects the equally broad versatility in terms of composition and chemicals bonds found in the plant cell wall polymers on which they are active. This diversity is also expressed through the various strategies developed to circumvent the recalcitrance of these substrates to biological degradation. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are the most abundant of the CAZymes and are expressed as isolated catalytic modules or in association with carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), acting in synergism within complex arrays of enzymes. This multimodularity can be even more complex. The cellulosome presents a scaffold protein immobilized to the outer membrane of some microorganisms on which enzymes are grafted to prevent their dispersion and increase catalytic synergism. In polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL), GHs are also distributed across the membranes of some bacteria to co-ordinate the deconstruction of polysaccharides and the internalization of metabolizable carbohydrates. Although the study and characterization of these enzymatic activities need to take into account the entirety of this complex organization—in particular because of the dynamics involved in it—technical problems limit the present study to isolated enzymes. However, these enzymatic complexes also have a spatiotemporal organization, whose still neglected aspect must be considered. In the present review, the different levels of multimodularity that can occur in GHs will be reviewed, from its simplest forms to the most complex. In addition, attempts to characterize or study the effect on catalytic activity of the spatial organization within GHs will be addressed.
Study of the effect of turbulent interstellar medium on the morphology of young supernova remnants
Authors: Rigon Gabriel , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2023

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are one of the main sources of galactic cosmic-ray acceleration. This acceleration, believed to happen at the blast wave front, leads to energy loss at the shock front. This results in the apparent proximity between the blast wave and the contact discontinuity.
Aims. In this article, we study the effect that turbulent-like density perturbations of the interstellar medium (ISM) have on the evolution of young SNRs. We focus on the impact these fluctuations have on the structure of SNRs and more precisely on the resulting distance between blast wave and contact discontinuity. As cosmic-ray acceleration is necessary to explain this distance, this study indirectly puts into question the cosmic-ray acceleration at the blast wave front.
Methods. We performed a set of purely hydrodynamic three-dimensional simulations without cosmic-ray acceleration in a co-expanding frame. We randomly initialised the density variation of the ISM following a Kolmogorov power law. The resulting ratios of radii between blast wave, contact discontinuity, and reverse shock are then compared to astronomical observations.
Results. The addition of density perturbation does not significantly change the average ratio of radii. However, the simulations show a higher growth of interfacial instabilities in the presence of a turbulent ISM. The resulting deformation of the contact discontinuity could explain the proximity between contact discontinuity and blast wave. The deformations also explain the plateau in the radial distribution of the line-of-sight velocity associated with the observations of Tycho.
Conclusions. Density perturbations of the ISM should not be neglected in the simulation of young SNRs as they have an impact on the structure of these latter objects that is comparable to that of cosmic-ray acceleration.
Digitale Selbstbeobachtung der körperlichen Aktivität
in der Adipositastherapie – ein Review zum Einsatz von
Aktivitätstrackern
Authors: Wulff Hagen , Pawellek Sabine , Ziegeldorf Alexandra , Schoene Daniel , Ratzlaff Livia 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Adipositas als eine der häufigsten chronischen
Erkrankungen weltweit stellt ein enormes individuelles Gesundheitsrisiko und
einen hohen Kostenfaktor für das Gesundheitssystem dar. Wirksame
Therapiemaßnahmen adressieren den Lebensstil, wie die
körperliche Aktivität und sind nötig, um gesundheitliche
Belastungen zu senken. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung bietet
Möglichkeiten, mobile digitale Endgeräte im Therapiekontext
einzusetzen. Ziel des Reviews ist die Identifikation von
Interventionsansätze im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von
Aktivitätstrackern in der Adipositastherapie sowie die Analyse der
resultierenden Wirksamkeit.
Methoden Die systematische Literatursuche wurde in den Datenbanken
MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane und Google Scholar (Freihandsuche)
durchgeführt. In die Auswertung wurden deutsch- und englischsprachige
randomisierte kontrollierte Studien der Jahre 2016–2021 eingeschlossen.
Die Interventionen beinhalteten neben der Standard-Adipositastherapie den
Einsatz von digitalen Aktivitätstrackern bei Personen mit
Übergewicht/Adipositas und erfassten die Entwicklung von
Körpergewicht, Body-Mass-Index, körperlicher Aktivität
oder Lebensqualität. Die Bewertung der methodischen Qualität
erfolgte über das Risk of Bias 2 Tool der Cochrane Collaboration. Die
Studien wurden hinsichtlich der primären Outcomes sowie der
Interventionsgestaltung untersucht, um Zusammenhänge abzuleiten.
Ergebnisse Von 2170 identifizierten Studien wurden zehn Artikel mit einer
Gesamtzahl von 1668 Teilnehmenden, vorwiegend im Erwachsenenalter,
eingeschlossen. Die Interventionsdauer betrug drei bis 18 Monate. Signifikante
Effekte für die Senkung des Körpergewichts fanden sich in
fünf Studien. Eine positive Entwicklung des BMI zeigte sich in drei
Studien. Eine signifikante Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität
konnte nur in einer Studie beobachtet werden. Die Nutzung von
Aktivitätstrackern in Verbindung mit Applikationen (Apps) zur Auswertung
der erfassten Daten erwies sich als größtenteils wirksam
hinsichtlich der Therapieziele. Die Analyse der Interventionen zeigte, dass
insbesondere das Setzen von Zielen und ein unmittelbares Feedback die
Wirksamkeit beeinflussten.
Diskussion Einheitliche Aussagen zur Effektivität der
Aktivitätstracker für eine Gewichtsreduktion und
Aktivitätssteigerung sind nur begrenzt möglich, da die
Wirksamkeit von der Interventionsgestaltung abhängt und Studien mit
längeren Follow-Up-Zeiträumen fehlen. Einflussreich zeigen sich
die Zielsetzung und das Bereitstellen eines unmittelbaren Feedbacks. Zudem
sollte die Anwendung und der Nutzen der Geräte in Schulungen
thematisiert werden, um den Teilnehmenden die notwendigen Kompetenzen zu
vermitteln.
Allergische Rhinitis und Akupunktur
Authors: Ortiz Miriam 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAllergische Rhinitis kommt in unseren Breitengraden immer häufiger vor. Um sie zu behandeln, stehen verschiedene orale und topische Medikamente zur Verfügung. Auch Akupunktur ist eine Behandlungsmethode, deren Wirksamkeit mittlerweile gut erforscht ist. Symptome und Konzept der Behandlung bestimmen die Auswahl der Akupunkturpunkte sowie den möglichen Zusatz von Ohrakupunktur oder Moxibustion. Ein Fallbeispiel demonstriert die Effekte von Akupunktur bei saisonaler Allergischer Rhinitis.
Closed Suction Drainage after Total Knee Arthroplasty with Concomitant Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Administration
Authors: Case Slaton , Thomas William C. , Edgington Jonathan , Manning David , Hardt Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrain use in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. Use has been associated with increased complications, particularly postoperative transfusion, infection, increased cost, and longer hospital stays. However, studies examining drain use were performed before widespread adoption of tranexamic acid (TXA), which markedly reduces transfusion without increasing venous thromboembolism events. We aim to investigate incidence of postoperative transfusion and 90-day return to the operating room (ROR) for hemarthrosis in TKA with use of drains and concomitant intravenous (IV) TXA. Primary TKAs from a single institution were identified from August 2012 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria were primary TKA, age 18 years and over where use of TXA, drains, anticoagulant, and pre- and postsurgical hemoglobin (Hb) were documented during the patient's admission. Primary outcomes were 90-day ROR specifically for hemarthrosis and rate of postoperative transfusion. A total of 2,008 patients were included. Sixteen patients required ROR, three of which were due to hemarthrosis. Drain output was statistically higher in the ROR group (269.3 vs. 152.4 mL, p = 0.05). Five patients required transfusion within 14 days (0.25%). Patients requiring transfusion had significantly lower presurgical Hb (10.2 g/dL, p = 0.01) and 24-hour postoperative Hb (7.7 g/dL, p < 0.001). Drain output between the transfusion and no transfusion groups varied significantly (p = 0.03), with transfusion patients having higher postoperative day 1 drain output of 362.6 mL and total drain output of 376.6 mL. In this series, postoperative drain use with concomitant weight-based IV TXA is shown to be safe and efficacious. We observed exceedingly low risk of postoperative transfusion compared with prior reports of drain use alone as well as preserved low rate of hemarthrosis that has previously been positively linked to drain use.