bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) expression offers protection against alcohol neurotoxicity
Authors: Wen Wen , Wang Yongchao , Li Hui , Hu Di , Zhang Zuohui , Lin Hong , Luo Jia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlcohol exposure has detrimental effects on both the developing and mature brain. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the mechanisms that contributes to alcohol‐induced neuronal damages. Mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an ER stress‐responsive protein and is neuroprotective in multiple neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disease models. MANF deficiency has been shown to exacerbate alcohol‐induced ER stress and neurodegeneration. However, it is unknown whether MANF supplement is sufficient to protect against alcohol neurotoxicity. Alcohol alters MANF expression in the brain, but the mechanisms underlying alcohol modulation of MANF expression remain unclear. This study was designed to determine how alcohol alters MANF expression in neuronal cells and whether exogeneous MANF can alleviate alcohol neurotoxicity. We showed that alcohol increased MANF transcription and secretion without affecting MANF mRNA stability and protein degradation. ER stress was necessary for alcohol‐induced MANF upregulation, as pharmacological inhibition of ER stress by 4‐PBA diminished alcohol‐induced MANF expression. In addition, the presence of ER stress response element II (ERSE‐II) was required for alcohol‐stimulated MANF transcription. Mutations or deletion of this sequence abolished alcohol‐regulated transcriptional activity. We generated MANF knockout (KO) neuronal cells using CRISPR/Cas9. MANF KO cells exhibited increased unfolded protein response (UPR) and were more susceptible to alcohol‐induced cell death. On the other hand, MANF upregulation by the addition of recombinant MANF protein or adenovirus gene transduction protected neuronal cells against alcohol‐induced cell death. Further studies using early postnatal mouse pups demonstrated that enhanced MANF expression in the brain by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of MANF adeno‐associated viruses ameliorated alcohol‐induced cell death. Thus, alcohol increased MANF expression through inducing ER stress, which could be a protective response. Exogenous MANF was able to protect against alcohol‐induced neurodegeneration.image
Description of natal down of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and comparison with common quail (Coturnix coturnix): Developmental and evolutionary implications
Authors: Urban Carmen A. , Legendre Lucas J. , Clarke Julia A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNatal down is a feather stage that differs in both form and function from the definitive feathers of adult birds. It has a simpler structure that has been speculated to be similar to the body coverings of non‐avian dinosaurs. However, inference of the evolution of natal down has been limited by our understanding of its structural variation in extant birds. Most descriptive work has focused on neognathous birds, limiting our knowledge of the full diversity of feathers in extant taxa. Here, we describe the natal down of a post‐hatch ostrich (Struthio camelus) and compare it to that of a post‐hatch quail (Coturnix coturnix). We confirm the presence of featherless spaces (apteria) in S. camelus and the lack of barbules on the tips of natal down in both species. We also find differences between dorsal and ventral natal down structures, such as barbule density in S. camelus and the extent of the bare portion of the barb in both species. Surprisingly, we do not find that the neoptiles of either species follow the ideal morphologies for increasing insulation. Finally, we hypothesize that the different barb types present in S. camelus natal down result from a large addition of new barb ridges during development, which is not known except in feathers with a rachis. These results have implications for our understanding of how structure informs function and development in understudied feather types, such as those shared by non‐avian dinosaurs.
Are data breaches the new norm? Exploring data breach trends, consumer sentiment, and responses to security invasions
Authors: Markos Ereni , Peña Priscilla , Labrecque Lauren I. , Swani Kunal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough data breaches are common, limited knowledge exists regarding consumer sentiments towards them and the personal actions taken following a breach. First, we explore trends using a database chronicling 14 years of breaches. Then, guided by Social Contract Theory, our study analyzes a secondary dataset of survey responses from 890 affected consumers to understand perceptions of breaches, including attitudes towards businesses, expected actions businesses take following a breach, and protective actions. The integration of Social Contract Theory with Privacy Calculus Theory and Protection Motivation Theory in the study of data breaches provides a lens to examine how context‐specific attributes impact consumer actions following a breach. Our findings show that data breaches are frequent, vary across industries, and consumer attitudes and actions vary by data type compromised.
Transfer of naturally acquired specific passive immunity againstAnaplasma phagocytophilumin foals in Southeastern Pennsylvania and Northern Maryland
Authors: Rule Emily K. , Boyle Ashley G. , Stefanovski Darko , Anis Eman , Linton Jennifer , Lorello Olivia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEquine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) is a common disease in adult horses, but clinical disease in foals is rarely reported. The relationship between equine maternal and neonatal antibodies toAnaplasma phagocytophilumis unclear.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThat mares in an endemic region would be seropositive forA. phagocytophilumand that mare and foal serum IgG concentrations forA. phagocytophilumwould correlate. Additionally, we hypothesized that foal IgG concentrations forA. phagocytophilumacquired by passive immunity would decline by 6 months of age.AnimalsTwenty‐two healthy mare‐foal pairs.MethodsThis prospective observational study investigated serum IgG concentrations specific forA. phagocytophilumin mares and foals using an immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA). The association between foal titer (as a binary variable) and age in months was assessed using a mixed‐effects logistic regression.ResultsA positive correlation between newborn foal antibody titers and mare titers was identified at both the pre‐foaling (τa = 0.38, τb = 0.50,P = .009) and foaling timepoints (τa = 0.36, τb = 0.47,P = .01). InA. phagocytophilumseropositive neonates, it was unlikely that a positive titer would be detected by 3 months of age (OR = 0.002,P = .02, 95% CI: 0.00001‐0.38). Three out of 20 foals seroconverted between 3 and 6 months of age.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTransfer of specific passive immunity toA. phagocytophilumoccurred in 80% of foals born to seropositive mares and declined by 3 months of age.A. phagocytophiluminfection should be considered in foals displaying clinical signs consistent with EGA.
Killer whales at northern Patagonia, Argentina: Evidence of different foraging groups from stable isotopes
Authors: Loizaga Rocio , García Nestor A. , Durante Cristian A. , Vales Damián G. , Crespo Enrique A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKiller whales (Orcinus orca) are highly mobile, large marine apex predators that inhabit all oceans. Despite being the most conspicuous top predator, little is known about their ecology along Patagonia, Argentina. Here, we used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of bone and dentine collagen from killer whales (n = 13) stranded in northern Patagonia during the period 1970–2014 to assess their trophic ecology. A model‐based clustering analysis identified three distinct groups related with three large marine ecosystems: the Patagonia (P), Subtropical (ST), and Antarctica (A) groups. Group P (n = 8) is characterized by individuals with high δ13C and δ15N values fitting within the isotopic ratios observed over the Patagonian shelf. Group ST (n = 3) is composed of individuals with high δ13C and low δ15N values, similar to those reported for conspecifics in southern Brazil. Group A (n = 2) is composed of individuals with low δ13C and δ15N values, typical from high latitude areas like sub‐Antarctic/Antarctic waters. The finding of different killer whales' isotopic groups over the Patagonian shelf suggests the existence of individuals or groups exploiting different habitats. Our results expand the limited ecological knowledge for the species while presenting the basis to infer more complex ecological hypotheses.
Short‐finned pilot whales in the South China Sea: Insights into regional distribution, movement pattern, and habitat characteristics
Authors: Liu Mingming , Lin Wenzhi , Lin Mingli , Dong Lijun , Li Songhai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLittle scientific knowledge is available for short‐finned pilot whales in the South China Sea (SCS). Here, we integrated historical records, ship‐based observation, and satellite‐tagging data to investigate ecological and behavioral characteristics of pilot whales in the SCS. Historical records since the 1990s showed the widespread spatial occurrence of pilot whales along the coastal SCS, suggesting that the species may inhabit this region. During our dedicated ship‐based surveys (2019–2022) in the SCS, 19 groups of pilot whales were encountered in Xisha‐Zhongsha waters, which supported the hypothesis inferred from historical data. We believe that Xisha‐Zhongsha waters are important habitats for pilot whales, demonstrated by the large group size (M = 44.7 ± 42.4 SD individuals), the high proportion of recorded maternal groups (17/19), mixed‐species associations, and deep‐water habitat characteristics. During field surveys, we conducted satellite‐tagging experiments on two adult pilot whales, with tracking periods of 35 and 13 days, respectively. Satellite‐tracking data provided evidence of possible residency of the tagged whales, as both displayed overlapping ranges and nondirectional movement. This research provides preliminary baseline data on occurrence, distribution, movement, habitat use, and likely residency of pilot whales in the SCS, which can facilitate future research and conservation effort.
Transformation and Annihilation: Emmanuel Falque and Søren Kierkegaard on the Dialectic of Philosophy and Theology
Authors: Cassidy‐Deketelaere Nikolaas , Li Elizabeth X. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn his recent work Hors phénomène, Emmanuel Falque identifies the Danish thinker Søren Kierkegaard as both a progenitor and exemplifier of his account of the way philosophy becomes more rigorously itself through an encounter with theology. However, this article challenges the affinity Falque claims to share with Kierkegaard. It argues instead that there is a fundamental philosophical discrepancy underlying their respective treatments of the encounter between philosophy and theology: the nature of the dialectic and their respective positions in it. By exploring Falque's and Kierkegaard's diverging uses of the metaphor of ‘crossing the Rubicon’, the article demonstrates that where Kierkegaard stresses the military sense of the metaphor, depicting the relationship between the two disciplines as that between two armies seeking the annihilation of the other, Falque precisely abstracts from this military sense, letting the expression instead become a metaphor for a mutually beneficial transformative encounter. However, when considered more profoundly, we argue that this annihilation is itself a Christian experience out of which Falque's transformation is born. Ultimately, we conclude that Falque and Kierkegaard are both trying to conceive of the relationship between philosophy and theology according to a somewhat similar structure, namely, the quantitative intensification of one discipline by way of its qualitative differentiation from the other.
Differences of clinical characteristics and outcome in proven invasive Trichosporon infections caused by asahii and non‐asahii species
Authors: Lee Eun Hwa , Choi Min Hyuk , Lee Kyoung Hwa , Song Young Goo , Han Sang Hoon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrichosporon is an emerging yeast that causes invasive infections in immunocompromised patients experiencing prolonged hospitalisation, indwelling venous catheters and neutropenia.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study analysed invasive Trichosporon infections (ITIs) occurring between January 2005 and December 2022 at three tertiary hospitals and compared the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ITIs caused by Trichosporon asahii and non‐T. asahii spp. After evaluating 1067 clinical isolates, we identified 46 patients with proven ITIs, defined as cases in which Trichosporon was isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or sterile tissues.ResultsThe patients were separated into T. asahii and non‐T. asahii groups containing 25 and 21 patients, respectively, all of which except one were immunocompromised. During this period, both the number of clinical isolates and patients with ITIs (mainly T. asahii) increased; whereas, cases involving non‐T. asahii spp. decreased. Compared with the non‐T. asahii group, the T. asahii group had more patients with multiple catheters (84% vs. 33%, p = .001) and those receiving renal replacement therapy (48% vs. 14%, p = .005). The all‐cause 28‐day mortality rate after ITI in the T. asahii group (44%) was significantly higher than in the non‐T. asahii group (10%, Log‐rank p = .014). The multivariate Cox regression model revealed that T. asahii (reference, non‐T. asahii spp.; aHR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.2–15.2, p = .024) and neutropenia for 5 days or more (aHR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.6, p = .035) were independent factors in the 28‐day mortality after ITI.ConclusionThe proven ITIs due to T. asahii produced more unfavourable outcomes compared with ITIs caused by non‐T. asahii spp.
Predicting plasticity of rosette growth and metabolic fluxes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tong Hao , Laitinen Roosa A. E. , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Plants can rapidly mitigate the effects of suboptimal growth environments by phenotypic plasticity of fitness‐traits. While genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity offers the means for breeding climate‐resilient crop lines, accurate genomic prediction models for plasticity of fitness‐related traits are still lacking.
Here, we employed condition‐ and accession‐specific metabolic models for 67 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to dissect and predict plasticity of rosette growth to changes in nitrogen availability.
We showed that specific reactions in photorespiration, linking carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as key pathways of central carbon metabolism exhibited substantial genetic variation for flux plasticity. We also demonstrated that, in comparison with a genomic prediction model for fresh weight (FW), genomic prediction of growth plasticity improves the predictability of FW under low nitrogen by 58.9% and by additional 15.4% when further integrating data on plasticity of metabolic fluxes.
Therefore, the combination of metabolic and statistical modeling provides a stepping stone in understanding the molecular mechanisms and improving the predictability of plasticity for fitness‐related traits.
Microvascular complications of obesity and diabetes—Role of bariatric surgery
Authors: Bashir Bilal , Iqbal Zohaib , Adam Safwaan , Ferdousi Maryam , Chick William , Hussein Heleen A. , Syed Akheel A. , Le Roux Carel W. , Cohen Ricardo V. , Malik Rayaz A. , Soran Handrean 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBariatric surgery in people with obesity can lead to long‐term remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a reduction in the incidence of macrovascular complications. The impact of bariatric surgery on microvascular complications is less clear. In this narrative review, we sought to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on microvascular complications in patients with and without diabetes. The risk of developing microvascular complications is increased in people with obesity, and this is amplified in those with T2DM. The impact of metabolic surgery on microvascular complications is limited to a subgroup analysis of studies or statistical modeling to predict the glycemia‐independent effect of bariatric surgery. While bariatric surgery halts the progression of retinopathy in those with minimal retinopathy, it may worsen in those with advanced retinopathy. Bariatric surgery improves proteinuria and major renal outcomes, regardless of the severity of renal impairment. Bariatric surgery in patients with obesity with or without diabetes is associated with an improvement in neuropathic symptoms and regeneration of small nerve fibers. In conclusion, bariatric surgery is associated with an improvement in microvascular complications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the favorable effect of bariatric surgery on microvascular outcomes.
State of the art in psychological therapies for psychosis: Family interventions for psychosis
Authors: Jolley Suzanne , Grice Sarah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeIt is a half‐century since the coalescence of social psychiatry and systemic family therapy approaches started to inform condition‐specific therapeutic work with families to reduce relapse and hospital readmission for people with schizophrenia. Today, family interventions are a cornerstone of international guidelines for the treatment of psychosis, and of workforce development initiatives. Effect sizes for clinical and economic outcomes are large, and the evidence base is robust and reliable, not only for outcomes but also for the underpinning theoretical models, which are coherent and consistent. Few, if any, psychological therapies, have so powerful a framework to drive widespread implementation. Nevertheless, delivery in clinical services is variable, often lagging behind that of individual cognitive behavioural therapy, notwithstanding its considerably weaker implementation framework. Our aim in this article is to formulate this translation failure and offer potential solutions.MethodWe summarise the model/intervention and supporting evidence, then consider why delivery remains problematic.ResultsWe highlight the inter‐linked issues of conceptual confusion between and conflation of, different approaches to working with families; of addressing diagnostic uncertainty, complex comorbidity and adapting interventions for specific populations; and of translation from gold‐standard research trial practice, through educational curricula and training programmes, to routine delivery in frontline services.ConclusionWe present our view of clinical, research and workforce development priorities to address these issues and continue the collective effort, moving into the next half‐century, to work more effectively with people with psychosis and their families, to further improve outcomes.
Evidence of off‐label inhalation therapy on pediatric asthma practice in Japan
Authors: Oishi Kenji , Inage Eisuke , Kojima Mayuki , Yamada Hiromichi , Tanaka Yuko , Yoneyama Toshiyuki , Yamazaki Susumu , Honjo Asuka , Baba Yosuke , Kudo Takahiro , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Endo Akifumi , Nakabayashi Yosuke , Oyama Shoichi , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, many asthma inhalers do not have formal approval for use in the pediatric population because of the lack of domestic data. In real‐world settings, however, numerous off‐label medications are prescribed. Currently, the nature of off‐label prescriptions of asthma inhalers on pediatric patients in Japan remains unclear.MethodsUsing public open‐source national medical claims data, we investigated the real‐world descriptive epidemiology of off‐label prescriptions for asthma inhalers for pediatric patients. We obtained the number of off‐label prescriptions of formulations for patients aged 0–14 years from anonymously summarized prescription data for a 7‐year period starting from April 2014. The actual prescription numbers and their chronology over time were then analyzed.ResultsIn 2019, 143,439 asthma inhalers were used off label in children and adolescents. Overall, 96.1% were inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) or long‐acting beta stimulants (LABAs), and 3.9% were high‐dose ICS. Of ICSs and LABAs, 18.8% were off‐label prescriptions. The total number of off‐label ICS/LABA prescriptions and their percentage relative to the overall formulations gradually decreased but a notable disparity was observed among inhaler types.ConclusionsThere was a surprisingly large number of off‐label prescriptions of asthma inhalers in the pediatric population in Japan. The proper use of ICSs/LABAs and expansion of insurance coverage should be advocated to reduce off‐label use.
Aesthetic Snobbery
Authors: Patridge Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis essay briefly introduces and contextualizes the extant work on aesthetic snobbery, and identifies some areas for further inquiry. Currently four kinds of snobbery have been identified—social contagion snobbery, attitudinal snobbery, contextual snobbery, and straight‐up classist snobbery. Interestingly, each kind of snobbery is thought to manifest itself as a distinct epistemic failing, and for this reason they are advanced as distinct, non‐competing kinds of snobbery. Some snob’s aesthetic judgments will be false or unjustified (social‐contagion and straight‐up classist), some will be unfitting (contextual), and some will fail to have an apt attitude toward their aesthetic judgment (attitudinal). Because the debate has been framed so narrowly, on how the vice of aesthetic snobbery undermines aesthetic judgment, several fruitful areas of philosophical investigation remain unexplored.
How people decide who is correct when groups of scientists disagree
Authors: Johnson Branden B. , Mayorga Marcus , Dieckmann Nathan F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUncertainty that arises from disputes among scientists seems to foster public skepticism or noncompliance. Communication of potential cues to the relative performance of contending scientists might affect judgments of which position is likely more valid. We used actual scientific disputes—the nature of dark matter, sea level rise under climate change, and benefits and risks of marijuana—to assess Americans’ responses (n = 3150). Seven cues—replication, information quality, the majority position, degree source, experience, reference group support, and employer—were presented three cues at a time in a planned‐missingness design. The most influential cues were majority vote, replication, information quality, and experience. Several potential moderators—topical engagement, prior attitudes, knowledge of science, and attitudes toward science—lacked even small effects on choice, but cues had the strongest effects for dark matter and weakest effects for marijuana, and general mistrust of scientists moderately attenuated top cues’ effects. Risk communicators can take these influential cues into account in understanding how laypeople respond to scientific disputes, and improving communication about such disputes.